PMID- 6509998 TI - Secondary myocardial injuries. AB - This study identifies a subgroup of critically ill patients most likely to develop at least creatine kinase-myocardial isoenzyme (CK-MB) evidence of acute myocardial injury. This group is composed of patients with shock syndromes associated with some combination of anemia, hypoxemia, hypercarbia, acidemia, lactic acidosis, and hypotension. The mechanism of this secondary myocardial injury in shock is not clear but may be multifactorial. Certainly subgroups of patients admitted with critical illnesses may have CK-MB abnormalities usually associated with acute myocardial injury. PMID- 6509999 TI - Effect of hypoxia on the normal and ischemic myocardium. AB - This study investigated the effect of hypoxia on global and regional myocardial function in the normal heart and in the heart with a critically constricted coronary artery. Eight dogs under halothane anesthesia were subjected to progressive degrees of hypoxia while global and segmental heart function as well as general hemodynamics were evaluated. In the control phase of the experiment, the coronary circulation was undisturbed. A decrease in the inspired oxygen fraction from 0.3 to 0.1 was associated with significant increases in the heart rate, cardiac output, left ventricular minute work and coronary blood flow, and significant decreases in systemic vascular resistance. regional myocardial function (measured by endocardial fiber shortening) did not change. In dogs with a critical constriction applied to the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD), hypoxia significantly increased heart rate and decreased stroke volume. Indices of global myocardial function did not change, but regional function in the area supplied by constricted LAD was depressed during severe hypoxia. This study implies that measured indices of global heart function bear little relation to regional function when a compromised segment of the myocardium is subjected to hypoxia. PMID- 6510000 TI - Acute hemodynamic effects of controlled oxygen therapy in decompensated chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. AB - The acute effects of controlled O2 therapy on hemodynamics and blood gases were investigated in 22 patients with decompensated chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). An inspired O2 fraction (FIO2) of 0.24 and 0.28 given to the first 12 patients markedly improved arterial and mixed-venous blood oxygenation with no (FIO2 0.24) or slight (FIO2 0.28) aggravation of hypercapnia, but did not change O2 delivery to the tissues. Higher FIO2 values of 0.35 and 0.40 in the next ten patients improved blood oxygenation even more, together with an increase in O2 delivery to the tissues and a significant aggravation of hypercapnia. All four FIO2 values reduced cardiac output without changing pulmonary vascular resistance. These results suggest that in patients with decompensated COPD, low flow O2 improves oxygenation by diffusion rather than convection. On the other hand, controlled O2 therapy does not appear to be an immediately effective pulmonary vasodilating treatment in these patients. PMID- 6510001 TI - Correlation of changes in oxygenation, lung water and hemodynamics after oleic acid-induced acute lung injury in dogs. AB - Changes in oxygenation after oleic acid (OA)-induced acute lung injury were correlated to changes in extravascular lung water (EVLW) and hemodynamics in 19 mongrel dogs. Three patterns seemed apparent. In group 1 (seven dogs) EVLW increased by 88% from control values but PaO2 fell only 15%. The change in PaO2 in this group was related directly to the change in mixed venous O2 tension (PvO2) after the OA-induced fall in cardiac output. In group 2 (eight dogs), EVLW rose by 120% and PaO2 fell 53%, 90 min after OA administration. In this group, there was a subsequent spontaneous improvement of PaO2 to 75% of control values, without any measured change in EVLW. In group 3 (four dogs), the fall in PaO2 was comparable to that of group 2, but the increase in EVLW was greater (148%) and there was no spontaneous improvement in oxygenation. Cardiac index fell in all three groups. A small but significant increase in PvO2 partially explains the improvement in oxygenation in group 2. We conclude that changes in oxygenation are a poor index of injury during this model of acute lung injury and that the course of oxygenation is directly related to measured changes in EVLW and hemodynamics. PMID- 6510002 TI - Effect of hyperventilation on total calcium, ionized calcium, and serum phosphorus in neonates. AB - The effect of alkalosis (pH greater than 7.55) on total calcium, ionized calcium, and serum phosphorus was studied in seven infants with persistent pulmonary hypertension (PPH) before, during, and after hyperventilation. Hyperventilation induced alkalosis resulted in marked decreases in total calcium, phosphorus, and ionized calcium. There was an inverse correlation between plasma Ca+2 and pH; a 0.1-unit increase in blood pH decreased Ca+2 by 0.42 mg/dl. Two of the study infants had ionized calcium concentrations less than 2.5 mg/dl during hyperventilation. These disturbing changes in total calcium, ionized calcium, and serum phosphorus could have potentially detrimental effects on neonates with PPH. PMID- 6510003 TI - Microprocessor-controlled ventilator monitor with pre-evaluation of preset variables and graphic simulation: a preliminary clinical impression. AB - The prototype of a fully computerized servoventilator monitor was successfully used to support ventilation in 25 adult patients during a total of 2030 patient hours. This prototype is volume-cycled in active inspiration and time-cycled in the inspiratory pause. During time-cycled expiration, it functions as a constant atmospheric pressure generator, or constant positive-pressure generator if positive end-expiratory pressure is applied. From the information received through a pneumotachometer placed near the patient's airway, a microprocessor controls the mode of ventilation, and monitors and processes the ventilatory data. This computerized device has a high-security keyboard and a visual display screen. Ventilatory data are stored in a timed memory and presented on the screen. By measuring compliance and airway resistance with a standardized cycle, it is possible to define the patient's ventilatory mechanics by a mathematical model and predict the result of any proposed change in preset variables. PMID- 6510004 TI - Blood coagulation monitoring and anticoagulant therapy after liver resection: brief report. AB - In this sample of 140 patients undergoing hepatic resection to remove cancerous tissue, hypercoagulation was the most common postoperative BCD; in ten patients, this complication led to hepatic failure and hepatic coma. These findings differ from those previously reported in the literature, possibly because our patients had advanced hepatomas which had already infiltrated the great vessels of the liver, and/or the remaining liver was seriously cirrhotic. We found that blood coagulation monitoring and anticoagulation therapy yielded encouraging results, and it is our hope that this treatment in combination with immunotherapy will prolong the survival of these patients. PMID- 6510005 TI - Availability of critical care personnel, facilities, and services in the United States. AB - This survey of 1474 special care units in the United States found that smaller hospitals tended to have only one ICU. The number of ICUs increased with overall hospital size; when a hospital had two ICUs, the second unit was usually for coronary care. Internists directed most of the ICUs, followed in decreasing order by surgeons, family practitioners, anesthesiologists, and pediatricians. More than 40% of ICUs were directed by cardiologists, reflecting the frequency of coronary care units. About eight times as many pulmonary medicine physicians directed ICUs as intensivists trained in critical care medicine. An increasing number of ICU directors received salaries for their services as hospital size increased, and the size of this salary also tended to increase with unit size. Average nurse/patient ratios tended to be better than 1:2.3 for all shifts. Few ICUs used private-duty nurses, although a substantial number required per-diem nurses. The level of nurse education increased with the size of the unit. The number of house officers varied widely according to hospital size, as did the numbers of subspecialty fellows and nonphysician professional and paraprofessional personnel. The availability of services in hospitals also varied according to hospital size, particularly for intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation, CT scanning, and intracranial pressure monitoring. Urban setting more significantly affected size and available services than did geographic region.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6510006 TI - Osler's nodes, pseudoaneurysm formation, and sepsis complicating percutaneous radial artery cannulation. AB - Percutaneous arterial cannulation is useful for hemodynamic monitoring and frequent arterial blood gas determinations in selected intensive care patients. However, this procedure is not without risk. We report a case of localized Osler node formation, distal to a radial artery catheter, associated with sepsis, pseudoaneurysm formation, and thrombosis at the site of catheterization. Complications of this technique require aggressive medical and, in selected cases, surgical intervention. PMID- 6510007 TI - "Central heating" for intraoperative hypothermia. PMID- 6510008 TI - Cardiac output measured by earpiece densitometry vs. thermodilution. PMID- 6510009 TI - Purification and characterization of glutathione S-transferases in human retina. AB - Human retina has two forms of glutathione (GSH) S-transferases. These forms having pI 4.5 and greater than 10 have been purified and their kinetic, structural and immunological characteristics are described. Both the enzymes of human retina do not express glutathione peroxidase II activity. The anionic enzyme (pI 4.5) of retina cross reacts with the antibodies raised against the anionic GSH S-transferases of human lung and placenta but does not cross react with the antibodies raised against the cationic enzymes of human liver. On the other hand, the cationic enzyme (pI greater than 10) of human retina cross reacts with the antibodies raised against the cationic GSH S-transferases of human liver but not with antibodies raised against the anionic enzymes of lung and placenta. Differences in the kinetic characteristics of the two forms of human retinal GSH S-transferases are also indicated. Results of these studies suggest that the anionic enzyme of retina may be similar to the anionic enzymes of lung and placenta. However, the cationic form appears to be different from all other GSH S transferases of human tissues characterized so far. Human retina has selenium dependent glutathione peroxidase I and in this respect is different from bovine retina which has no glutathione peroxidase I as demonstrated in earlier studies. PMID- 6510010 TI - alpha-Tocopherol in the developing rat retina: a high pressure liquid chromatographic analysis. AB - High pressure liquid chromatography was used to measure alpha-tocopherol in the retinas of rats reared in a cyclic light or dark environment. These measurements were performed on extracts of whole retinas during the developmental period, 18 60 days, and on isolated ROS from adult animals. Similar alpha-tocopherol determinations were performed on retinas and isolated ROS following exposure of rats to intense visible light for 24 hr periods. The results show that alpha tocopherol is chromatographically separated from the vitamin A derivatives found in the retina and is pure, as judged by mass spectrometry. In the retinas of cyclic light and dark reared rats, alpha-tocopherol accumulates in an age dependent fashion, so that at 60 days the level is nearly double that of animals at 18-20 days of age (P less than 0.001). Because the age dependent accumulation of rhodopsin is greater in dark reared rats, the average molar ratio of rhodopsin to alpha- tocopherol in the retina of dark reared animals is 25% higher than in cyclic light rats. Following exposure of rats to intense visible light for 24 hr periods, alpha-tocopherol concentrations in the retina were unchanged from the levels in control animals. In adult animals the concentration of alpha-tocopherol in ROS is 2.5-3.5 times higher than in whole retina. ROS from adult cyclic light reared rats also contain an average of 43% more alpha-tocopherol per mg protein than ROS from dark maintained animals (P less than 0.005).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6510011 TI - The development of a monoclonal antibody to a human gamma crystallin. AB - A monoclonal antibody to human lens 24,000 molecular weight gamma crystallin has been produced in rat x mouse hybridoma cell lines. The antibody reacts specifically with the 24,000 molecular weight gamma crystallin and does not cross react with the 21,000 or the 19,000 gamma crystallins. The antibody reacts with protein from dog, mouse, monkey and bovine lenses but does not react with proteins from chick lens. The 24,000 molecular weight gamma protein increases from 2% of the soluble protein in the fetal lens to 14% in the 2 month old lens to 25% in the adult lens. No difference was observed in the amount of this crystallin between the nuclear and cortical regions of the adult lens. In one hypermature cataractous lens, the amount of this crystallin decreased to a value of about 5% of the total soluble protein. PMID- 6510012 TI - Prazosin ('Peripress'): a long-term study. AB - A long-term follow-up study was carried out in 90 patients with moderate to severe hypertension to evaluate the effectiveness of prazosin given alone or as part of combined treatment with other antihypertensive agents. The aim was to obtain and maintain adequate blood pressure control with as few side-effects as possible. Treatment was discontinued during the first year in 11 cases, 9 because of side-effects and 2 for other reasons. The remaining 79 patients were kept under observation for an average period of 5.3 years (range 3 to 6 years) while being treated with prazosin. Of these, 19 had previously suffered serious cardiovascular complications. The results showed that prazosin proved adequate as sole medication in 6 patients during the entire observation period and satisfactory reduction of blood pressure (less than 90 mmHg diastolic) could be achieved and maintained in over 80% of patients with a combination of prazosin and beta-blockers, with supplementary treatment with diuretics in some cases as and when necessary because of fluid retention and consequent loss of efficacy. Dosage was adjusted to individual needs and a striking feature of the results was the decreasing dose requirement, a trend which was most marked after 2 years of treatment. Over-dosage occurred in a few cases for this reason but treatment, in general, was well-tolerated, most side-effects occurring during the first year. PMID- 6510013 TI - Efficacy and tolerance of a fixed ratio combination of hydrochlorothiazide, amiloride and timolol, taken before or after food, in the treatment of hypertension. AB - An open study was carried out in general practice to assess the efficacy and tolerance of a fixed ratio combination of hydrochlorothiazide (25 mg), amiloride (2.5 mg) and timolol (10 mg) in the treatment of patients with mild to moderate hypertension, and to determine if there were any differences in response when medication was taken before or after food. A total of 663 patients was studied and received 1 to 2 tablets once daily for a period of 12 weeks; 322 patients took their medication before and 341 after food. The results showed that there were similar significant reductions in systolic and diastolic blood pressure and in heart rate in both groups, over half of the patients being controlled (less than 90 mmHg diastolic) after 2 weeks and 80% by the end of the study period. Relatively few adverse effects were reported and the incidence during treatment was less than that recorded on entry to the study. There was no evidence to suggest that the timing of drug intake in relation to food had any effect on the efficacy or tolerance of the combination. PMID- 6510014 TI - A new approach to immunotherapy for house dust mite (D. pteronyssinus) allergy with high dosage of an aluminium adsorbed extract. AB - A group of 50 patients with inhalant sensitivity to the house dust mite (D. pteronyssinus) was selected on a basis of positive history and prick tests or raised total IgE estimation together with positive nasal challenge. D. pteronyssinus was the sole or major allergen for each patient. Prior to the trial, a wider group of patients was given domestic dust avoidance regimens to follow, which produced an adequate symptomatic response in 36.8% of cases. The non-responders to this procedure were offered hyposensitization using standard aluminium adsorbed extracts, together with maintenance therapy, for a total of 12 months, and 89% of them made a good response. The study group in this trial was thus drawn from 7.69% of total attenders, who had failed on all previous treatments. This group was then given a course of an aluminium adsorbed extract ('Norisen', Merck) in a dosage which attained 10,000 PNU on the final dose, and maintenance therapy was given at this level. Thirty-eight (77.5%) of the 49 patients completing the course of treatment showed an excellent or good response and 74% experienced no side-effects. Side-effects which were reported were of similar incidence and severity to those noted on previous allergen treatments. It is suggested, therefore, that higher dosages of extract than that previously recommended should be used in D. pteronyssinus hyposensitivity therapy whenever the diagnosis is well established and there has been an inadequate response to standard measures. PMID- 6510015 TI - Comparative efficacy of once a day diflorasone diacetate and twice a day betamethasone valerate ointment applications in eczematous dermatitis. AB - The efficacy of once a day applications of 0.05% diflorasone diacetate ointment and twice a day applications of 0.1% betamethasone valerate ointment was compared in 70 patients with eczematous dermatitis. Altogether 32 patients completed the 3 week study. Fourteen patients in the diflorasone group and 6 on betamethasone left the study earlier because of total (100%) improvement of lesions. Eight patients left because of unsatisfactory progress and 6 because of personal reasons. There were only two noticeable differences observed between treatment groups. At Week 2, the diflorasone diacetate group improved significantly more than the betamethasone valerate group with respect to pruritus. At Week 3, this difference in the improvement of pruritus was marginally significant in favour of diflorasone diacetate. Excluding the complications due to a secondary infection, no adverse reactions were recorded in the diflorasone diacetate-treated patients; 1 betamethasone valerate-treated patient developed telangiectasia. The once a day applications of diflorasone diacetate not only proved to be slightly more efficacious than the twice a day applications of betamethasone valerate, but also provided the advantages of patient convenience and compliance. PMID- 6510016 TI - Comparison of slow-release indomethacin and diflunisal in patients with arthrosis. AB - A double-blind, crossover study was carried out in 44 patients with osteoarthrosis of the hip or knee to compare the efficacy and tolerability of treatment with a new slow-release formulation of indomethacin (50 mg) with that of diflunisal (250 mg). After a 1-week wash-out period, patients were allocated at random to receive 2 tablets daily of one or other preparation for 6 weeks before being crossed over to the alternative drug for a further 6 weeks. Aspirin was allowed as a rescue analgesic throughout the study. Subjective assessments of pain and objective assessments of joint mobility were made before the start of treatment and at the end of each period, and details were recorded of rescue analgesic usage and any side-effects. Analysis of the results from 42 patients showed that whilst both treatments helped to alleviate pain, patients' overall evaluation of efficacy at the end of the study indicated that indomethacin was slightly more effective than diflunisal and there was a significant preference for indomethacin. Both drugs were well tolerated and none of the side-effects, reported in about 15% of patients on each drug, resulted in any withdrawals. PMID- 6510017 TI - Hyperammonemia. AB - A symptomatic elevation in plasma ammonium concentration, termed hyperammonemia, is associated with numerous congenital and acquired conditions (Table 11). In some cases, such as urea cycle disorders, ammonia is the principal toxin. In other instances, such as portal systemic encephalopathy, it is but one of a number of metabolic disturbances, However, in either case hyperammonemic episodes should be treated aggressively to prevent coma, subsequent brain damage, or death. This involves restricting protein intake, providing adequate calories, and giving agents that remove accumulated nitrogen. Long-term therapy relies on diagnosing the specific disease rate. This rarely requires invasive procedures such as liver biopsy. In most cases measurement of plasma amino acids and urinary organic acids will identify the defect. Treatment involving restriction of nitrogen intake, vitamin supplementation, or stimulation of alternative pathways of waste nitrogen excretion can then be instituted. Early therapy, especially in patients with neonatal-onset hyperammonemia, is imperative to avoid severe brain damage. On this basis, the plasma ammonium level should be determined in virtually every newborn with lethargy, hypotonia, poor feeding, seizures, and/or respiratory distress of unclear origin (Table 12). PMID- 6510018 TI - Confirmed assignments of 15 structural gene loci to chromosomes of four owl monkey karyotypes. AB - Fifteen gene loci for constitutive enzymes previously localized to specific owl monkey chromosomes of karyotypes III, V, and VI are confirmed by their assignments to homologous chromosomes of owl monkey karyotypes I, II, IV, and VII. The syntenic mapping of LDHA and GPI on a large metacentric, II-2, and the separate assignment of these two loci to two acrocentrics, I-9 and I-15, provide genetic evidence supporting the proposed fusion-fission event that characterized the karyotypic difference between owl monkeys inhabiting Colombia and the Panama Canal Zone. Moreover, the proposed hypothesis on chromosome polymorphism among the Colombian owl monkeys with karyotypes II, III, and IV, resulting from a fusion-fission event involving one metacentric and two subtelocentric pairs, is supported by the assignment of LDHB and MDH1 to the large metacentric I-2 and the separate localization of these two gene loci to II-13 and II-14, respectively. PMID- 6510019 TI - Chromosome polymorphism involving heterochromatic blocks in Chinese hamster chromosome 9. AB - A chromosome polymorphism was detected between two early passage euploid Chinese hamster cell strains when a fluorescence shift of the small metacentric No. 9 chromosome was resolved by flow cytometry. The characteristics of the polymorphism were studied using cultures established from ear clippings taken from 16 additional hamsters from our breeding colony. Additional variants of chromosome 9 were detected using flow cytometry, and a subset of these variants were analyzed by G- and C-banding. An increase of fluorescence recorded by flow cytometry correlated with an increase of centromeric heterochromatin. Autosomal normalization of the flow karyotype from 18 different animals indicated three distinct peak positions for chromosome 9. The results indicate that a discrete block of constitutive heterochromatin may be present in one or two extra copies within the small inbred colony of hamsters studied. To determine the inheritance patterns, hamsters with known polymorphic No. 9 chromosomes were bred. The flow karyotypes derived from the offspring of these matings provide strong evidence that chromosomal polymorphisms are inherited in Mendelian fashion. PMID- 6510020 TI - Nondisjunction frequencies in Robertsonian heterozygotes from natural populations of the common shrew, Sorex araneus L. AB - Pregnant female common shrews were collected from an area of Robertsonian polymorphism, involving five different arm combinations, around Oxford (England). The females and their fetuses were karyotyped, and the karyotypes of the sires were deduced. Ten pregnancies where at least one parent was known to be either a single or double Robertsonian heterozygote were available for analysis. From these pregnancies, upper and lower estimates of anaphase I nondisjunction arising from Robertsonian heterozygosity were calculated to be 1.0-2.5% per heterozygous arm combination and 1.5-3.7% per heterozygous parent. One trisomic fetus with retarded development was identified. This trisomy can be attributed to anaphase I nondisjunction of a trivalent in a female Robertsonian heterozygote. PMID- 6510021 TI - 3-Aminobenzamide-induced sister chromatid exchanges are dependent on incorporated bromodeoxyuridine in DNA. AB - Data are presented establishing a direct correlation between 3-aminobenzamide induced sister chromatid exchange (SCE) frequency and the level of bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporated into DNA. In addition, it is shown that most of the SCEs are induced in the second cell cycle, in which BrdU-containing DNA is used as the template for replication. PMID- 6510022 TI - Evolution of chromosomal variation in cottontails, genus Sylvilagus (Mammalia: Lagomorpha). II. Sylvilagus audubonii, S. idahoensis, S. nuttallii, and S. palustris. AB - Chromosomes from cultured fibroblasts of four cottontail species (Sylvilagus audubonii, 2n = 42; S. idahoensis, 2n = 44; S. nuttallii, 2n = 42; and S. palustris, 2n = 38) were analyzed using G- and C-banding techniques. The evolutionary restructuring of the genomes of these species was traced by comparing their banded chromosomes to those of Lepus saxatilis, a species of hare in which the leporid ancestral karyotype is thought to have been conserved. Chromosomal evolution appears to have proceeded primarily through changes in the amount and distribution of heterochromatin and through fixation of Robertsonian fusions. Excluding heterochromatic differences, S. audubonii and S. nuttallii are karyotypically very similar, as are S. aquaticus and S. palustris (previously reported). The genome of the taxonomically controversial species S. idahoensis, compared to other cottontail species, is markedly impoverished in C-band material. These data and those of cottontail species previously described in the literature are incorporated in two alternative phylogenetic schemes. PMID- 6510023 TI - An extra segment in chromosome 1 of wild Mus musculus: a C-band positive homogeneously staining region. AB - An extra segment in chromosome 1 between bands C5 and D has been found in wild mouse populations. Its size varies between 6.1% and 30.1% of the length of a standard chromosome 1. It differs among individuals and populations but is constant in a genetically homogeneous line. According to its staining properties and variation in length it is a homogeneously staining region (HSR), a kind of segment otherwise found only in cell lines under strong selection and in tumor cells. G-banding gives a homogeneous staining of medium intensity. With C banding, staining is positive, though lighter than that of centromeric heterochromatin. Fluorescence is dull with Hoechst 33258 and bright with mithramycin. The extra segment does not contain mouse satellite DNA sequences in any quantity detectable by in situ hybridization. Such an extra segment was found in several European populations of mice from Spain to Russia. It is carried through the germ line. It has been introduced into a laboratory mouse strain, and, by recombination, inserted into a Robertsonian metacentric chromosome for easier handling and identification. PMID- 6510024 TI - Random X inactivation resulting in mosaic nullisomy of region Xp21.1----p21.3 associated with heterozygosity for ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency and for chronic granulomatous disease. AB - A young woman with normal gonadal development and mild mental retardation was found to have a small de novo interstitial deletion of most of band Xp21, karyotype designation 46,X,del(X) (pter----p21.3:: p21.1----qter). Replication studies on lymphocytes and skin fibroblasts revealed that in 45% of cells the normal X was late replicating. Somatic cell hybrids between her fibroblasts and HPRT-deficient Chinese hamster cells were obtained and selected for and against retention of the active human X chromosome. In several independent hybrids the deleted X was retained in the active state. Partial ornithine transcarbamylase (ornithine carbamoyltransferase EC 2.1.3.3) (OTC) deficiency was documented by elevated urinary orotic acid excretion and increased serum glutamine after a protein load. This confirms the mapping of the structural gene for OTC to this deletion. Testing of neutrophil function revealed heterozygosity for chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) suggesting that a gene for CGD maps within the deletion. Thus, X inactivation mosaicism is also present in hepatocytes and neutrophilic granulocytes. Random X inactivation in a female with an Xp deletion has not been previously reported. The cells from this patient and the somatic cell hybrids containing her deleted X chromosome in the absence of the normal X provide material for the precise mapping of X linked genes and DNA sequences on the short arm of the human X chromosome. PMID- 6510025 TI - Homozygosity for a Robertsonian translocation (13q14q) in three offspring of heterozygous parents. AB - A family containing three homozygous carriers for a Robertsonian (13q14q) translocation, 44,XX or XY,t(13q14q),t(13q14q), is reported. Their parents are first cousins, and both are heterozygous carriers of the same (13q14q) translocation. The fertility of both the heterozygous and homozygous carriers is discussed. PMID- 6510026 TI - Syphilis serological markers in patients with malignant diseases. PMID- 6510027 TI - Sibling visits to a newborn intensive care unit: implications for siblings, parents, and infants. PMID- 6510028 TI - The meaning of early knowledge of a child's infertility in families with 47,XXY and 45,X children. PMID- 6510029 TI - Depressive disorder in children and adolescents: dysthymic disorder and the use of self-rating scales in assessment. PMID- 6510030 TI - A comparison of staff and patient perceptions of a child and adolescent psychosomatic unit and a pediatric unit. PMID- 6510031 TI - Stability of behavioral and emotional disturbance in a sample of disadvantaged preschool-aged children. PMID- 6510032 TI - Adult judgments of delinquent and non-delinquent adolescent moral reasoning. PMID- 6510033 TI - Homebuilders: the Maine experience. PMID- 6510034 TI - Safetyrama: teaching children about DWI. PMID- 6510035 TI - PEP in Alabama. PMID- 6510036 TI - Comparison of basic data for the National Survey of Residential Group Care Facilities: 1966-1982. AB - Major findings from this analysis of the data gathered in preparation for the 1966 and 1981 surveys of children's residential group care facilities are as follows below. In the field of residential care of pregnant adolescents, it appears that, despite an increase in the number of births to adolescent mothers since 1966, the preferred mode of serving this population is no longer residential group care. While there has been a small increase (6 facilities) in the number of residential facilities for pregnant adolescents that operate under public auspices, the 49% decrease in facilities under private auspices is the real indicator of the direction of residential services to pregnant adolescents since 1965. In the Child Welfare Stream, the most notable change between 1965 and 1981 was the decrease in the relative proportion of residential group care facilities for dependent, neglected, or abused children and youth. Overall, child welfare facilities accounted for 55% of all residential facilities listed for survey in 1965; in 1981 this percentage had fallen to 37%. As in 1965 the Child Welfare Stream was dominated by the private sector in 1981, with 83% of all child welfare facilities operating under private auspices. This pattern was found for most of the 50 individual states as well. In the Juvenile Justice Stream, the overall increase of 154% in the number of residential facilities since the 1965 listing is due in part to a notable increase in the number of private facilities in this stream of care. Although the majority of juvenile justice facilities are still public, there has been an increase of 17% since 1965 in the proportion of facilities under private auspices. An even greater increase in total number of facilities than was seen in the Juvenile Justice Stream is seen in the mental health field between 1965 and 1981. There were almost four times as many residential mental health facilities listed for survey in 1981 as in 1965. From representing about one-eighth of the total number of all residential group care facilities for children and youth with special problems or needs, the Mental Health Stream increased to a quarter of all such facilities by 1981. As in the earlier study, the Mental Health Stream was dominated by the private sector in 1981. The proportion of mental health facilities under private auspices had increased by 16% since 1965, indicating an even greater involvement of the private sector in the delivery of residential mental health services to children and youth.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6510037 TI - Defining child maltreatment: a multidisciplinary overview. PMID- 6510038 TI - The relevance of child-support enforcement to school-age parents. PMID- 6510039 TI - Intra-agency contracting: high-quality, comprehensive service delivery at lowered cost. PMID- 6510041 TI - The relationship between adolescent childbearing and child maltreatment. PMID- 6510040 TI - Meeting the child care needs of the female alcoholic. AB - The agency partnership described in this article has been satisfying to both the clients involved and the staffs of both agencies. The foster parents reported greater satisfaction from these fostering relationships than many others because of the short-term nature of the placement and their feeling that they were an instrumental force in healing and reuniting a family. The staffs of both agencies have enjoyed the exchange of professional information provided by the direct case contact, as well as inservice training designed to educate both staffs about the other's area of expertise. The total number of clients served has been low by original estimates. It is difficult to determine how much this has to do with client need versus the need for improved marketing of the child care option: the female alcoholic may underutilize the resource in her effort to deny the need for treatment. Further evaluation is needed. The strength of the partnership between the two agencies lies in its program flexibility, facilitated by reduced financial investment for either agency. The initial proposal was designed as a new continuum of service. The program can be adapted to meet the child care needs of the female alcoholic client as the needs change and/or become more defined. PMID- 6510042 TI - Hospice care for terminally ill children. PMID- 6510043 TI - Music therapy: a community resource for children with special needs. PMID- 6510044 TI - Surgically treatable growth retardation due to non-neoplastic pituitary hypothalamic dysfunction. AB - Out of 90 children, examined because of growth failure, 15 have been treated surgically. The diagnoses were intrasellar arachnoid diverticulum or empty sella (5 cases), enlarged chiasmatic cisterns (5 cases), chronic 'occult' hydrocephalus (5 cases). Surgery was followed by an immediate increase in growth rate in almost all the cases, even if the result was persistent only in some subjects. In percentage, better results were obtained in patients with enlarged chiasmatic cisterns and chronic occult hydrocephalus than in patients with arachnoid diverticulum or empty sella. The evaluation of prolactin serum levels was demonstrated to be useful both in preoperative diagnosis and postoperative control. PMID- 6510045 TI - Re-operation for recurrent brain tumors in children. AB - In order to determine the efficacy of re-operating on recurrent brain tumors, we did a retrospective analysis of 39 children who underwent such surgery between 1975 and the present. A total of 52 procedures was performed for recurrence of both benign and malignant tumors. 9 patients are neurologically normal and 12 are independent but left with some sort of neurologic deficit for an average of 31 months and 32 months, respectively, postoperatively. 1 child presented severely handicapped and remains so 18 months after his most recent surgery. 17 patients died. 11 improved after re-operation and lived an average of 12 months. 4 were unimproved with an average survival of 10 months. There were 2 surgical deaths for an operative mortality of 4%. We feel that re-operation is a useful therapy for both benign and malignant recurrent brain tumors, and prolongs both the quantity and quality of life in appropriately selected patients. PMID- 6510046 TI - Factors affecting outcome in the pediatric patient with multiple trauma. Further experience with the modified injury severity scale. AB - In a 5-year period of prospective study, 369 pediatric patients with multiple trauma (injury to at least two body areas) had injuries scored by a Modification of Injury Severity Scale (MISS). This scale uses the categories and rankings of the Abbreviated Injury Scale-1980 (AIS-80) except that the classification of neurological injuries are scored by the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) and other neurological findings (presence of a surgical mass lesion, pupillary light response, and oculocephalic reflexes). The MISS is calculated as the sum of the squares of the three most severely injured body areas. The mean MISS score was 23.8 with 33% of MISS scores greater than 25 and 67% less than 25. Among those with MISS scores greater than 25 there was a 44% mortality and 31% disability. In the group with MISS scores less than 25, there were no mortalities, and a 1% disability (p less than 0.001). Overall mortality was 14% with 9% disability. Mean MISS scores for death and disability were 35.1 and 29.6, respectively. Neurologic injuries were present in 274 patients (74%). 163 patients had severe head injury (coma greater than 6 h duration). 86% of all deaths were due to head injury and all but 2 deaths had some degree of head injury. The remaining 14% of deaths were due to chest and abdominal injuries. Patients with MISS grade 5 injury (critical, survival uncertain) had 74% mortality, while those with grades 4 and 3 injury had 8 and 1.5% mortality. In a comparison with pediatric patients with head injury only (coma greater than 6 h, no multiple trauma) there was found to be a 12% mortality in the head injury only group versus a 33% mortality in the multiple trauma plus head injury group. The MISS serves as an accurate predictor of morbidity and mortality in pediatric trauma. The best predictors of outcome were a MISS less than 25 and the degree of neurological injury. PMID- 6510047 TI - External hydrocephalus in infants. AB - External hydrocephalus means abnormal fluid accumulation in the subarachnoid space under increased pressure with no or slight widening of the ventricles. 9 children were investigated because of pathologically increasing head circumference and abnormal transillumination. PEG and/or CT showed widened sulci frontally, parietally and interhemispherically but no widening of the ventricles. 7 patients were subjected to exploratory craniotomy which disclosed a deep arachnoid space. 2 patients were shunted. All follow-up CT examinations showed normal conditions. We suggest that infants with clinical signs of hydrocephalus and CT picture of external hydrocephalus should not be treated with shunt. The widening of the subarachnoidal space will normalize. The rate of headgrowth will also normalize. PMID- 6510048 TI - Dorsal cyst malformations. Part II. Galenic dysgenesis and its embryological considerations. AB - In the preceding part, galenic dysgenesis was stated to be a diagnostic hallmark of dorsal cyst malformations. Failed formation of the galenic drainage system conducts the diencephalic drainage laterally into the transverse sinuses as in the embryonal stage, and it is frequently associated with arrested descent of the torcular portion or other anomalies of the dural sinuses. Highly malformed structures of the deep cerebral veins and the dural sinuses seen in this malformation are correctly interpreted in comparison with findings of venous injection studies performed in human fetuses. Pathogenesis of this malformation is also discussed on the basis of embryological studies of the dural sinuses and falcotentorial structures. PMID- 6510049 TI - Cloverleaf skull syndrome. AB - 4 cases of cloverleaf skull syndrome are reported and analyzed after a brief review of the literature is presented. It is noted that reported cases of surgical management of this entity are extraordinarily rare. The rather characteristic displacement of intracranial contents suggests early onset of craniosynostosis (in intrauterine life) and that hydrocephalus is not an invariable complication present at the time of birth. Rather, it appears that the hydrocephalus is secondary to obliteration of the cortical subarachnoid spaces and the presence of a cranial ring. Total craniectomy proved to be a satisfactory treatment, one which was responsible for the reversal of hydrocephalus. Early detection and treatment of this rather rare malformation results in acceptable cosmetic and neurologic improvement. PMID- 6510050 TI - Children's understanding of death: a review of three components of a death concept. AB - This review of the empirical literature on the development of the concept of death focuses on 3 components of that concept: irreversibility, nonfunctionality, and universality. These findings overall suggest that the majority of healthy children in modern urban-industrial societies achieve an understanding of all 3 components between 5 and 7 years of age. Since this is also the age at which most children make the transition from preoperational to concrete-operational thinking, some relationship between these 2 processes seems likely. However, attempts to empirically validate that relationship have thus far yielded ambiguous results. Possible reasons for this ambiguity are suggested. PMID- 6510051 TI - Learning about school: the development of kindergartners' school scripts. AB - This research examined the development of a general event representation and the relationship between general and specific event memories. Kindergarten children were interviewed about the school-day routine 4 times during the first 3 months of school. Even on the second day of school, children's reports were general and well organized, and the organization remained stable over time. With increasing experience, children reported more acts and more conditional statements, indicating that the representation became more elaborate and more temporally complex over time. Furthermore, children shared a remarkably common representation of the routine. All children tended to mention those acts that occupied a particular time and place in the classroom, and each of these acts seemed to encompass a list of possible activities in a hierarchic fashion. In contrast to the ease with which children reported the general routine, children had difficulty recalling specific episodes of the day before at all 4 interviews. These results indicate that children represent an event as a general spatial temporal framework based on the first experience with a new routine; this framework becomes more elaborate and the temporal and the hierarchical organization of the representation becomes more complex with increasing experience with the event. PMID- 6510052 TI - Seeing and believing: children's understanding of the distinction between appearance and reality. AB - When young children are asked questions about objects with misleading appearances, they make two kinds of errors: (1) phenomenism--they report appearance when asked to report reality; and (2) intellectual realism--they report reality when asked to report appearance. Two studies with 3-year-old children tested the hypothesis that phenomenism errors predominate when children are asked about objects' real and apparent properties, whereas intellectual realism errors predominate when children are asked about objects' real and apparent identities. The results of these studies provided some support for the property-identity hypothesis; children's appearance-reality judgments about properties tended to differ from those about identities. More phenomenism errors were elicited when the stimuli were described to the children in terms of their properties than when the very same stimulus objects were described in terms of their identities. Identity tasks were not found to elicit predominantly intellectual realism errors, although the data showed trends in this direction. The implications of these results for theories about young children's tendency to accept things in terms of their perceptual characteristics were briefly discussed. PMID- 6510053 TI - Developmental differences in the comprehension and production of narratives by reading-disabled and normally achieving children. AB - Reading-disabled children's language skills have long been implicated in their poor school performance. This study is a cross-sectional and longitudinal examination of the narrative language skills of both reading-disabled and normally achieving children in an attempt to understand more clearly the language processes involved in these skills and how these processes relate to reading achievement over time. Children were read scriptlike narratives and asked to demonstrate their knowledge of the story by a nonverbal enactment of the narrative. After perfect enactment of the story was assured, the children were asked to paraphrase the narratives. Results from both the cross-sectional and longitudinal study indicated that reading-disabled children comprehended the narratives in a comparable fashion to normal peers, but they performed more poorly on a variety of content and complexity measures derived from their paraphrases. The study indicates that reading-disabled children's language problems are persistent over time in the area of verbally expressing information, even when they have demonstrated nonverbal comprehension. PMID- 6510054 TI - Children's perception of visual and auditory speech. AB - Preschool children's evaluation and integration of visual and auditory information in speech perception was compared with that of adults. Subjects identified speech events, which consisted of synthetic speech syllables ranging from /ba/ to /da/ combined with a videotaped /ba/, /da/, or no articulation. Both variables influenced the identification judgments for both groups of subjects. The results were used to test current views of the development of perceptual categorization and speech perception. Tests of quantitative models indicated that both preschool children and adults had available continuous and independent sources of information. The results were well described by a fuzzy logical model of perception, which assumes that the perceiver integrates continuous and independent sources of information and determines the relative goodness of match to prototype definitions in memory. The only developmental difference was less of an influence of the visual source of information for children relative to adults. 1 explanation is that the children simply attended less to the visual source. A second experiment eliminated the attentional explanation by showing identical results when the children were also required to indicate whether or not the speaker's mouth was moving. PMID- 6510055 TI - Attention to quantitative and configural properties of abstract visual patterns by children and adults. AB - Students in grades 2, 4, 6, and college sorted abstract visual patterns that varied both in amount of contour and in the type of visual organization (unstructured, simple symmetries, multiple symmetries, and rotational organization). The subjects were told to put the patterns into rows so that all the patterns in a row were "alike in some way," with no limits placed either on the number of rows or on the number of patterns in a row. Second graders sorted mainly on the basis of amount of contour and less so with reference to multiple types of visual organization. Fourth and sixth graders used contour as a sorting criterion less than second graders; moreover, they sorted with reference to all types of visual structure. As a group, college students sorted exclusively on the basis of structure. The data were taken as evidence that children attend to both amount of contour and visual organization, but that attention to visual structure increases with age. PMID- 6510056 TI - Children's memory for phonemically confusable and nonconfusable letters: changes with age and reading ability. AB - This experiment focused on differences that occur with age and reading skill in the use of phonemic codes in short-term retention tasks where stimuli were presented visually. In 1 condition, individuals recalled 6-letter strings composed of rhyming and nonrhyming letters after a 15-sec delay under conditions that permitted phonemic coding and rehearsal. 2 other conditions were designed to suppress (a) rehearsal of certain types of phonemic codes in the delay interval and (b) both phonemic coding at stimulus presentation and rehearsal. Subjects were grade 2 average readers matched in reading skill with grade 4 disabled readers, grade 4 average matched with grade 6 disabled, and grade 6 average matched with grade 4 superior readers. Average readers showed a decrease in errors with age in all 3 conditions, although performance was always better in the nonsuppression condition. In the latter, memory for nonrhyming letters was always better than memory for rhyming letters. Differential use of phonemic codes by good and poor readers in grades 4 and 6 was less than that found in previous research with younger children. Finally, by comparing the performances of grade 2 average with grade 4 disabled readers and grade 4 average with grade 6 disabled readers, the developmental lag hypothesis of reading disability was examined. Problems with testing the hypothesis are discussed. PMID- 6510057 TI - A comparison of the word recognition processes of blind and sighted children. AB - 2 word/nonword decision experiments were carried out to investigate differences in reading that might exist between congenitally blind children reading Braille and sighted children dealing with print. 3 aspects of single-word recognition were studied: semantic processing, word-frequency effects, and phonological recoding. In addition, a comparison of word recognition performance was made under normal conditions and under conditions of reduced legibility. The sighted children showed an increased semantic facilitation effect with degraded when compared with undegraded print conditions. In contrast, for the blind children this trend was reversed. The magnitude of the word-frequency effect was unaffected by script legibility in either group. In addition, an increased difficulty of rejecting pseudohomophones (e.g., bloo) relative to legal nonwords (e.g., ploo) was found for the blind in the degraded condition and for the sighted with degraded and undegraded print. These results are discussed in terms of the relative influence of perceptual feature-analysis processes and attentional semantic processing. PMID- 6510058 TI - SES-related aspects of neuropsychological performance. AB - Children from different socioeconomic backgrounds have been observed to employ different cognitive styles in problem-solving situations. These cognitive styles have in turn been linked to the functional specialization of the cerebral hemispheres. It was hypothesized, therefore, that performance asymmetries would also be SES-related, high-SES children processing stimuli presented to the right visual field-left hemisphere (RVF-LH) more efficiently than those presented to the left visual field-right hemisphere (LVF-RH) and low-SES children showing the reverse pattern. A laterality task was administered tachistoscopically to 120 children, divided evenly by SES (high and low), sex, and grade (fifth and seventh). A marked RVF-LH advantage emerged among the high-SES group and a weak LVF-RH advantage among the low-SES group. Thus, the results provided general support for the central hypothesis. The findings are reviewed in the context of current models of human information processing in the cerebral hemispheres, and their broader implications for understanding SES-related differences in cognitive function are discussed. PMID- 6510059 TI - Effects of maternal visitation to preterm infants in the neonatal intensive care unit. AB - Mothers' visitation of their preterm infants in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) may have important consequences for the optimal development of the mother infant relationship. This study investigates whether directing mothers to make weekly appointments to visit the NICU would generalize to increase the frequency of independent maternal visitation as well as affect maternal perceptions of the infant and the infant's length of hospitalization. Assessments of mothers' perceptions of their infants were made at the initiation of the intervention program, immediately following the first maternal visit to the NICU, at discharge, and at a 6-week postdischarge follow-up. Results showed that the intervention program significantly increased the frequency of independent maternal visitation, decreased the mother's positive perceptions of her infant's behavior, and increased the mother's positive perceptions of her infant's prognosis for the future. Infants in the intervention group were hospitalized a significantly shorter period of time than infants in the control group. It is suggested that the mother's greater contact and familiarity with her infant, as a result of increased visitation, resulted in more realistic observations of her preterm infant's behavior and may have facilitated the recovery of the infant. PMID- 6510060 TI - The relation between maternal employment status and the stability of attachments to mother and to father. AB - Recent investigations of the relation between maternal employment and the stability of infant attachments have implied that maternal employment introduces a stressful, unpredictable element into family life. To assess the effect of maternal employment per se, stable and changing maternal employment status were distinguished in this study. Classifications of the quality of infant-mother and of infant-father attachments were made for 59 children at 12 and 20 months of age using the Ainsworth strange situation paradigm. The stability of attachments from 12 to 20 months was examined in 4 groups defined by maternal employment status. 3 of these groups (nonemployed, part-time employed, full-time employed) were characterized by no change in maternal employment status from several months prior to the first assessment of attachment through the 20-month assessment; the fourth group was characterized by maternal employment status that changed between the 2 assessments of attachment. Among the stable conditions of maternal employment status there was no indication of differences in the stability of attachment to either parent whether the mother was employed or not, indicating that maternal employment can lend as much stability to family relationships as the condition of maternal nonemployment. No changes in the quality of attachment to mother and relatively frequent changes in attachment to father (46%) were present when mother changed employment status. The basis for this difference is discussed in terms of maternal versus paternal response to alterations in life style initiated by mother's employment changes. PMID- 6510061 TI - The plasticity of intellectual development: insights from preventive intervention. AB - Debates regarding the plasticity of intelligence are often fired by a confusion between 2 distinct realms of development, that is, between developmental functions (e.g., a group's average IQ over time) and individual differences (e.g., the relative rank ordering of individual IQs within a group). Questions concerning the stability of these 2 realms are statistically independent. Thus there are 2 kinds of intellectual plasticity, and there may be no developmental convergences between them. In the present study, data from an early intervention program were used to investigate the 2 kinds of plasticity separately and to examine certain possible convergences between them. The program involved children at risk for developmental retardation who were randomly assigned at birth to 2 rearing conditions (i.e., educational daycare vs. no educational intervention) and whose intellectual development was then studied longitudinally to 4 years of age. Our findings indicate that developmental functions are moderately alterable through systemic early education, particularly after infancy, whereas individual differences are moderately stable, again particularly after infancy. They also indicate that the 2 kinds of plasticity are independent; the alteration of developmental functions through daycare affects neither the stability nor the determinants of individual differences. We discuss the implications that these findings have for current models of mental development, for the nature-nurture debate, and for arguments concerning the efficacy of early intervention programs. PMID- 6510062 TI - Standardization of inoculum turbidity using the Klett-Summerson colorimeter for aerobes. PMID- 6510063 TI - [Geographic distribution of Ancylostoma duodenale and Necator americanus in Taiwan]. AB - In order to determine the geographical distribution of Ancylostoma duodenale and Necator americanus in Taiwan, 2,759 fresh stool samples were collected from 5th grade school children of both sexes among 43 preliminary schools in 16 counties, and then examined by means of the modified test-tube filter-paper cultivation method for identification of the filariform larvae of hookworm. Both species of A. duodenale and N. americanus are widespread in Taiwan. The overall infection rate was 20.00%. The rate of A. duodenale, N. americanaus and mixed infection of both species was 9.85%, and 7.75% and 2.39% respectively. Geographically, N. americanus (12.64%) predominated over A. duodenale (5.43%) in the north (Ilan, Taipei, Taoyuan, Hsinchu and Miaoli) and the east (Taitung) areas. On the contrary, A. duodenale (13.40%) predominated over N. americanus (5.63%) in the central (Nantou, Taichung, Changhua and Yunlin), the south (Chiayi, Tainan, Kaohsiung and Pingtung) and the east (Hualien) areas. On the other hand, the rate of infection on the offshore island (Penghu) was much lower (1.19%) than the others (21.10-21.29%). PMID- 6510064 TI - [Post-traumatic cerebral ischemia in the area supplied by the internal carotid artery]. PMID- 6510065 TI - [Case of multiple myeloma associated with pathological fracture of cervical spine at C2]. PMID- 6510066 TI - [Value of reconstruction of peripheral nerves in multiple tissue injuries of the upper extremities--clinical and experimental study]. PMID- 6510067 TI - [Treatment of injury of the tibiofibular syndesmosis using wire traction]. PMID- 6510068 TI - [Principles of treating multiple injuries in children]. PMID- 6510069 TI - [Analysis of suppurative complications of the surgical treatment of femoral fractures previously treated by epicondylar wire traction]. PMID- 6510070 TI - [Our method of external stabilization of the tibial shaft. Biomechanical studies and clinical results]. PMID- 6510071 TI - [Evaluation of treatment of ununited fractures of the long bones by the Guduszauri method]. PMID- 6510072 TI - [Late results of the surgical treatment of habitual anterior shoulder dislocation by a modified Eden-Hybbinette method]. PMID- 6510073 TI - [Principles of writing scientific medical papers]. PMID- 6510074 TI - [Anaerobic bacterial infection of the locomotor system]. PMID- 6510075 TI - [Giant cell tumor of the distal epiphysis of the radius]. PMID- 6510076 TI - [Diagnosis and therapy of large intestine endometriosis]. AB - Six cases (1981/82) with endometriosis of the bowel are reported on. There was a gynecological and surgical examination after 6-12 months. Intestinal symptoms associated with dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia and nodules, involving the cul-de-sac, the uterosacral ligaments and the anterior surface of the rectum are important symptoms of colonic endometriosis. Problems in diagnosis were illustrated by extramucosal radiologic appearance and normal mucosa and extrinsic pressure by proctosigmoidoscopy. Five patients were treated with resection of the involved bowel. Endometriosis is sufficiently common that it should always be considered in the differential diagnosis of colon lesions of women of childbearing age. In all cases characteristical symptoms were related. PMID- 6510077 TI - [Treatment of anorectal fistulas: a still current problem]. AB - 95% of our patients have a simple fistula in ano. The majority of these fistulas were following a cryptoglandular abscess. No definitive incontinence occurred after laying open the fistula penetrating the anal sphincter and excision of the extrasphincteric part. In only 7% there was a temporary incontinence for faeces or flatus respectively. The recurrence rate was 5%. High fistulas are seldom an indication for a seaton. In 5% we found a complex fistula with supralevator or extrasphincteric extension. Thereby we usually performed a defunctioning colostomy. This became the permanent treatment for more than half of these patients. PMID- 6510078 TI - [A system for a transanal endoscopic rectum operation]. PMID- 6510079 TI - [Operative therapy of acute knee ligament injuries]. PMID- 6510080 TI - [Acute ligament ruptures of the upper ankle joint]. PMID- 6510081 TI - [Evaluation of ligament injuries of the knee and ankle joint]. PMID- 6510082 TI - [Experience with 250 dynamic, proximal muscular pedicled, anterior cruciate ligament-plasties (Lindemann)]. AB - The diagnostic steps and the indications for the treatment of chronic instability of the knee joint due to rupture (lesion) of the anterior cruciate ligament are discussed. After briefly mentioning the surgical technique we report on 250 dynamic surgical replacements of the anterior cruciate ligament by the proximally based gracile (semitendinous) tendon. For the operations performed between 1976 and 1983 a technique similar to Lindemann's was used. We would like to stress the importance of the reconstruction of injured synergistic stabilizators. The results of a control 1 to 8 years (mean 38 months) after the operation were very good in 21.2%, good in 66.8%, moderate in 9.2%, unsatisfactory in 1.6% and poor in 1.2% of the cases, although strict standards had been applied. We therefore recommend this technique for the treatment of lesions of the anterior cruciate ligament. Thorough after-treatment is of utmost importance for its outcome. PMID- 6510083 TI - [Ligament lesions of the knee--also a typical occupational injury]. AB - Critical evaluation of 62 patients totalizing 63 operations with acute traumatic rupture of knee ligaments in a predominantly rural population. In 21 cases (30%) the lesions have been the result of typical work-injuries. A specific older group of patients was concerned (average age 50.2 years). 75% of these cases presented additional intrarticular lesions at operation. The postoperative evaluation 1-5 years later confirmed the heavy use of the knees in this rural population. We therefore strongly advocate an early primary repair of the ruptured ligaments of the knee especially in work-injuries and the use of a limited motion cast. PMID- 6510084 TI - [Disorders of fracture and osteotomy healing. An analysis of aseptic complications]. AB - The analysis of aseptic complications of bone healing shows that after conservative treatment failures are based mainly on an inadequate indication (37 of 68 patients). An operative procedure would have been better in these cases. Insufficient and recurrent reductions (11 of 68 patients) as well as over extension with diastasis (9 patients) were less frequent. Osteosyntheses without bone healing were very frequent after failures in the operative technique (92 of 219 patients) and when bone defects (56 patients) remained. It is generally noticed that there is a relatively small number of bone healing problems following intramedullary nailing (13 patients) compared with plate osteosynthesis (119 patients). Both techniques are separately analyzed concerning the kinds of complications. Therapeutic priorities for the treatment of fractures are derivated. PMID- 6510085 TI - [Arterial supply of the sartorius muscle]. AB - According to dissections of 40 specimen we received an impression of the arterial supply of the sartorius muscle. The results were as following that the sartorius is supplied by 2-4 arteries, occasionally up to 9, which originate from the middle and distal third of the femoral artery. As a result of the dissections we may state that the sartorius receives an adequate supply, when only the proximal or distal artery remains intact. Because of the above, the sartorius is suitable as a proximally or distally based flap in plastic surgery of the abdominal wall and as covering of bone defects of the hip, femur and knee. PMID- 6510086 TI - [Restoration of an infected hip joint with sartorius-plasty]. AB - For treatment of infected hip joints we use the proximally based sartorius muscle. After ligation of the vessels in the distal part of the muscle, the sartorius muscle is elevated and transposed to the floor of the deep joint cavity. By completely filling the space defect, reinfection of the osteomyelitic cavity is prevented. In addition, the transposed muscle flap directs optimal blood perfusion to the hypoxemic capsule tissue via its own vascular pedicle. PMID- 6510087 TI - [Arthrodesis of the upper ankle joint--a non-mutilating intervention]. AB - The resection arthrodesis of the ankle joint is advocated in cases of excessive destruction in combination with extensive painful limitation of motion. The osteosynthesis is performed by an external stabilization with "fixateur externe" or by an internal stabilization with screw or plate. We prefer the internal screw compression arthrodesis because of a higher interfragmentary compression. PMID- 6510088 TI - [Titanium plasma-coated hollow screws and reconstruction plate system for the bridging of jaw defects. I. Basic principles and biomechanical properties]. PMID- 6510089 TI - [Experiences with the syndesmosis hook in tibiofibular ligament injuries]. PMID- 6510090 TI - [Technic of arthroscopic cruciate ligament-plasty]. PMID- 6510091 TI - [Peroneus brevis-plasty in the treatment of chronic fibular ligament insufficiency. Report of experiences in 23 cases]. PMID- 6510092 TI - [Use of a pectoralis major island flap in large soft tissue defects of the neck]. PMID- 6510093 TI - [The musculus extensor indicis brevis--often mistaken clinically for a ganglion]. PMID- 6510094 TI - [Fatigue fracture of the tibial head following recreational dancing in a 31-year old male]. PMID- 6510095 TI - [Tissue-protecting plate-holding forceps for compression plate osteosynthesis]. PMID- 6510096 TI - [Ring external fixation--modification and expansion of AO external fixation]. PMID- 6510097 TI - [Venous thrombosis. Diagnostic aspects]. PMID- 6510098 TI - [Role of thrombolytics in the treatment of iliocaval venous thrombosis]. PMID- 6510099 TI - [Methods, results and indications of inferior vena caval interruption]. PMID- 6510100 TI - [Changes in the philosophy of the treatment of acute phlebitis in a surgical milieu]. PMID- 6510101 TI - [Hernias of Larrey's cleft or Morgagni hernia. 10 cases]. PMID- 6510102 TI - [Surgical treatment of villous and adenovillous lesions of the duodenum. Analysis of 9 surgically treated cases]. PMID- 6510103 TI - [Closed injuries of the kidney. Apropos of 225 cases]. PMID- 6510104 TI - [Ruptured aneurysms of the subrenal abdominal aorta. Apropos of 75 cases]. PMID- 6510105 TI - [Intracapsular fractures of the femoral neck in children. Apropos of 24 cases]. PMID- 6510106 TI - [Upper limb complications of axillofemoral bypass]. PMID- 6510107 TI - [Aneurysms of the abdominal aorta in high risk patients. Combined treatment with surgery and radiology. Apropos of 9 cases]. PMID- 6510108 TI - [Aneurysm of a common hepatic artery arising from the trunk of the superior mesenteric artery]. PMID- 6510109 TI - [Abdominal aortic aneurysms complicated by ureteral stenosis. Apropos of 4 cases]. PMID- 6510110 TI - [Transverse and vertical laparotomies in surgery of the abdominal aorta. Comparative study of digestive and respiratory function recovery]. PMID- 6510111 TI - [Subcutaneously implanted devices for systemic and intraportal chemotherapy. Experience with 50 implantations]. PMID- 6510112 TI - [Pancreatic pseudocysts in children. Apropos of 4 cases]. PMID- 6510113 TI - Replication and nicking of zygotene DNA sequences. Control by a meiosis-specific protein. AB - A protein having a molecular weight of 73,000 daltons has been purified from the nuclear membranes of preleptotene, leptotene, and zygotene cells. It has been named the leptotene protein (L-protein) because of its role in suppressing the replication of zygotene DNA sequences through leptotene until the initiation of zygotene DNA synthesis. The protein has been found to be highly specific in its inhibitory activity. S-phase replication in somatic nuclei and in microspore nuclei are unaffected by the protein. Only zygotene DNA sequences appear to be affected. L-protein binds specifically to zygotene DNA. The binding is limited to a relatively short DNA segment, probably no longer than 90 base pairs (bp). Chloroplast and mitochondrial DNA do not bind to the protein, but a low level of binding is displayed by DNA from several other eukaryotic species. The L-protein also has the capacity to nick the bound DNA in the presence of ATP. Nicking does not occur in the absence of binding. Using supercoiled plasmids with zygotene DNA inserts as substrates, the nicking has been found to be confined to a small region of the plasmid and to occur in only one of the strands. The L-protein is considered to be one of the principal factors responsible for the irreversible commitment of cells to meiosis at the end of the preleptotene S-phase. It is also proposed that its endonucleolytic activity plays a role in the initiation of synapsis. PMID- 6510114 TI - Different chromatin states of the intron- and type 1 intron+ rRNA genes of Calliphora erythrocephala. AB - In most species of dipteran fly examined, a fraction of the rDNA cistrons are interrupted by introns. These dipteran intron+ rRNA genes are unique in that they are transcriptionally inactive. Previous studies have investigated the mechanism underlying this transcriptional repression for rRNA genes carrying the best characterized sequence family of such introns, the so-called type 1 introns first identified in Drosophila melanogaster. These studies have established that cloned examples of both intron-free and type 1 intron+ rRNA genes will support transcription in a cell-free system and suggest therefore that a difference in the chromatin state of the two gene types must underlie their very different potential for in vivo transcription. We have examined this possibility for the type 1 intron+ rDNA cistrons of Calliphora erythrocephala by in situ hybridization studies using the polytene chromosome complement of the pupal bristle-forming (trichogen) cells. These studies show that the chromatin configuration of the two gene types is strikingly different. The intron-free genes are preferentially localized in the actively transcribed fibrillar center of the nucleolus. The intron+ genes are preferentially condensed in the blocks of heterochromatin attached to the nucleolus. PMID- 6510115 TI - Bloom's syndrome and EM9 cells in BrdU-containing medium exhibit similarly elevated frequencies of sister chromatid exchange but dissimilar amounts of cellular proliferation and chromosome disruption. AB - Bloom's syndrome (BS) and EM9 cells both display elevated frequencies of sister chromatid exchange (SCE) following growth for two rounds of DNA replication in bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU)-containing medium. To learn whether hyperresponsiveness to BrdU itself might play a role in causing the SCE elevation, the effects of BrdU on two other parameters, cellular proliferation and chromosome disruption, were examined, comparing the responses of BS and normal lymphoblastoid cells and of EM9 and CHO cells. BS and normal cells responded similarly with respect to growth for 4 days in BrdU-containing medium (0, 1, 3, and 5 micrograms/ml). Chromosome aberrations were increased only slightly in the BS and normal cells after 2 days in BrdU. CHO cells responded to growth in BrdU-containing medium like BS and normal cells; however, little growth of EM9 was detected at any of the BrdU concentrations employed. CHO and EM9 cells also exhibited strikingly different amounts of chromosome damage following growth in BrdU. After 2 days in 1, 3, and 5 micrograms/ml BrdU 21%, 46%, and 50%, respectively, of the CHO cells had chromosome aberrations in contrast to 92%, 96%, and 98% of the EM9 cells. Most of the aberrations in the BrdU-treated CHO cells consisted of what appeared to be polycentric and ring chromosomes or chromosomes exhibiting telemere association. Acentric fragments were absent from most cells with polycentric and ring chromosomes, indicating either that the abnormal chromosomes were formed during an earlier cell cycle or that the abnormal chromosomes represent a form of association in which the telomeres are apposed so tightly that the juncture between chromosomes cannot be identified microscopically.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6510116 TI - Description of a chromosome replication unit in individual prematurely condensed human S-phase chromosomes. AB - Mammalian chromosome replication was studied by the aid of premature chromosome condensation (PCC). After induction of PCC the sites of DNA replication appear as "gaps" between condensed chromosomal regions. These condensed particles are unineme before and bineme after DNA replication. The two phases are due mainly to the unineme or bineme nature of the particles. During early S-phase almost all particles are unimene, during late S-phase they are bineme and there is only one transitory stage between these two main stages. Premature chromosome condensation was studied in detail on a specific human chromosome 22 which is marked by its heterochromatin constitution. This led to easy identification of these elements in S-phase PCC (S-PCC) preparations. For each stage of the S-phase there was a reproducible pattern of condensed chromosomal particles making up the whole chromosome. The number of these particles was rather limited and a complementary pattern was found in early versus late S-phase. The pattern of early S-PCC corresponded to the banding pattern of G-banded prometaphase chromosomes; the pattern of late S-PCC, to R-banded prometaphase chromosomes. Thus, "gaps" and condensed particles as observed after PCC induction are obviously homologous to chromosome replication units. Replication of constitutive heterochromatin occurred during the very late S-phase. During this stage PCC induction led to condensation of the heterochromatin into several small, highly fluorescent particles. PMID- 6510117 TI - Mesor-hypertension: hints by chronobiologists. AB - Circadian systems are intermodulated by networks of specialized neural, hormonal and cellular functions, with time structures that are interdependent. In cardiovascular pathophysiology, circadian and ultradian rhythms of clinical interest have been demonstrated. Cardiac output, heart rate, arterial pressure and blood volume are the best known. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure and heart rate have circadian patterns in health and therefore arterial pressure cannot be evaluated by a single measurement during a 24-h span. With correct monitoring for at least 48-h it is possible to detect the mesor-hypertension and the possible amplitude-hypertension that precedes the mesor-hypertension. Prolonged elevation of blood pressure can cause irreparable harm to sensitive tissues. To quantify the damage, the concept of hyperbaric impact has been introduced. This is a measure of the excess load exerted upon the arterial walls. Studies of the beta-blocker penbutolol with correct automatic monitoring have shown the persistence of the physiological circadian variation in the cardiovascular parameters during penbutolol administration. The so-called elimination of the circadian rhythm in blood pressure, which would not really be desirable, was not seen in any of our patients, whose cardiovascular parameters were monitored continuously, day and night, while taking penbutolol. The amplitudes of the rhythms were always prominent. A phase shift, a delay of about 100 degrees, was demonstrated in the heart rate of one 63-year-old mesor normotensive woman. PMID- 6510118 TI - Variability of human blood pressure with reference mostly to the non chronobiologic literature. AB - The voluminous literature on the variability encountered in 24-h recordings of human blood pressure in health is here presented by reference to selected clinical articles. Most references are cited by number for the sake of brevity, with a few cited by author when this appears to be of particular interest. Reports of work on laboratory animals are included when the findings are directly pertinent as background to studies on human beings. Results from semiautomatic and automatic direct and indirect measurements are briefly reviewed and aligned with results from work in which blood pressure was self-measured or measured conventionally by staff. The considerable and not generally recognized range of human blood pressure variability is thus extracted from the literature. An apparently limited extent of variation is shown to result mostly from the averaging of data from individuals constituting the groups investigated. Once variation is overwhelmingly documented and recognized as a fact, the different ways in which variations are presented and utilized by different author investigators gain in importance. In a number of studies, methods of time series analysis are used. Thus, major attention can be paid to the extent to which predictable changes, so-called rhythms, characterize the data. Circadian rhythms are found to be quite prominent. By the assessment of these rhythms and about yearly (circannual) ones, one quantifies health and individualized risk as well as disease. Otherwise 'unmanageable' variability, reviewed herein, can be resolved by relatively simple inferential statistical procedures as a set of new endpoints. A formidable foe thus becomes a powerful friend: the rhythm characteristics can be used in cardiovascular physiology and epidemiology, and preventive and curative medicine. Long-term blood pressure monitoring is no longer a mere research tool and a curiosity for the practitioner of medicine. Results from such monitoring should immediately be used in the clinic, in the school and at home. Automatic blood pressure monitoring, cost-effectively used in combination with self-measurement, as needed, may become a routine procedure if data collection can be wedded to appropriate analyses yielding new endpoints as sensitive gauges of health. PMID- 6510119 TI - Chronobiology of human blood pressure in the light of static (room-restricted) automatic monitoring. AB - Systematic 24-h automatic physiologic monitoring has obvious merits, even without rhythmometry. It can lead more readily to the recognition of odd-hour blood pressure elevation (e.g., of 'evening' or 'morning' hypertension). Such a condition can constitute an initial diagnosis or it may be found under treatment that may seem to be satisfactory if its effects are assessed only on the basis of a conventional check at a casual, possibly 'wrong' time. The mere inspection of a 24-h record, however, does not necessarily allow one to make objective quantitative global statements as to a change in pattern, e.g., after a given intervention. This paper illustrates how by rhythmometry, some of the uncertainties of a subjective interpretation of a record may be removed by practitioners of medicine, as well as basic scientists interested in mechanisms of blood pressure variability. This is possible since a large part of blood pressure variability can be accounted for by its circadian periodic behavior. We herein present a methodology for data collection and analysis that allows the objective quantification of blood pressure rhythm parameters in health and disease and the derivation of reference standards for such parameters. The chronobiologic approach thus makes it possible to define 'hypertension' objectively, and to distinguish between 'mesor-' and 'amplitude-hypertension', i.e., between an elevation in overall mean and one in the predictable extent of variability. Moreover, chronobiology has shown that mesor-hypertension may be preceded by an elevation in circadian amplitude only (amplitude-hypertension). Parameter tests readily allow the assessment, in relation to an objective reference standard, of these conditions, with a defined probability. Similarly, response to drug or non-drug therapy can be established and a given intervention optimized by timing treatment. Using chronobiologic tools in cardiovascular research provides new insights into possible mechanisms underlying mesor- and amplitude-hypertension. The teaching of the chronobiology of blood pressure and autorhythmometry in schools has been proven to be feasible and has been recommended as a step toward self-help for health care. PMID- 6510120 TI - Assessment of the risk of mesor-hypertension. AB - A small number of selected (rather than randomly picked) women of three age groups was extensively sampled in two geographic locations. Data on twelve of the plasma hormones in addition to those on some systemic variables, including blood pressure (BP), determined around the clock and along the calendar were here analyzed further. The risk of developing certain diseases was assessed by epidemiologically designed questionnaires. The risk of cerebro-, reno-, cardiovascular disease was here approached by focus upon the risk of developing a high rhythm-adjusted mean (mesor) of BP. The risk of mesor-hypertension (RMH) for a selected group of young adult women was inversely correlated with the circannual amplitude (a measure of the extent of predictable since rhythmic change along the scale of a year) and the circannual mesor of plasma aldosterone. These indices are costly in several ways since it takes at least a year and quite a few samples to estimate them reliably. In the attempt to reduce sampling requirements to one or at most two plasma samples, a chronobiologic pattern discrimination analysis was undertaken on the original data from the subgroup of young adult women. Data were normalized by the sample standard deviation of each variable and processed according to proximity (so-called nearest neighbor) rules, for dimension reduction and classification. For each variable, each subject's samples were classified by reference to those of all others. The results objectively identify certain variables for further testing on larger, properly stratified and randomized cohorts followed preferably for a life-time and also illustrate the computer method of pattern discrimination used. Pattern discrimination not only singles out plasma aldosterone as the primary classifier for RMH, but shows further the circannual- and circadian-stage dependence of the classification. The clock-hour for optimal classification of RMH by aldosterone and by hormonal co-classifiers changes with the season. Furthermore, the relation between the circadian mesor of aldosterone concentration and RMH is an inverse one in summer, fall and winter, but a direct one in spring. A validated inverse relation to RMH of the circannual amplitude and mesor as well as any added differences in acrophase or waveform of aldosterone as a function of circannual stage all contribute to the change in sign of the relationship between aldosterone and RMH observed in spring. The latter change renders mandatory the specification as to clock-hour and season of any spot-check for risk assessment, whether it is based upon single or multiple samples.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6510121 TI - Testing period for single cosinor: extent of human 24-h cardiovascular 'synchronization' on ordinary routine. AB - A clinically healthy woman monitored her systolic and diastolic blood pressure and pulse for 26 days at approximately 10-min intervals, with interruptions. Data over subspans of varying length were analyzed by single cosinor. A method for testing a period assumed to characterize data analyzed by single cosinor was introduced and programmed to compute a 95% confidence interval for the circadian period. Statistically significant deviations from precisely 24 h were found. The likelihood of their occurrence was found to vary as a function of the length of the interval analyzed. Under ordinary conditions in health, the circadian period may vary around 24 h, indicating that strict frequency-synchronization with the environment need not occur on a short-term basis. Deviations from an average circadian period may be brought about in part by infradian components modulating the circadian rhythm and by day-to-day changes in waveform. PMID- 6510122 TI - Cardiovascular reference data base for recognizing circadian mesor- and amplitude hypertension in apparently healthy men. PMID- 6510123 TI - Circadian systolic and diastolic hyperbaric indices of high school and college students. AB - Apparently healthy North American (mostly Minnesotan) students, 117 boys and 147 girls, 14-21 years of age, self-measured blood pressure at 1 h or longer intervals for spans ranging from 24 h over several weeks to much longer spans. Each series was analyzed for a circadian rhythm by the single cosinor fit of a 24 h cosine curve. The mesor, amplitude and acrophase thus obtained were used for the determination of a mean acrometron, i.e. the mean of the sum of mesor + amplitude for each individual investigated. A circadian hyperbaric impact (HBI) was then computed as the tension-time product represented by the area under the fitted cosine curve and above the acrometron as a critical value. A highly skewed distribution of these HBIs was found: the HBI for systolic and diastolic blood pressure equalled 0 in 64 and 49 of the series on boys and 78 and 72 of the series on girls, respectively. Individuals singled out as outliers by the HBI are recommended for traking, some with and some without eventual intervention. The overall HBI is a step toward assessing the values that may lie above some group reference value, assuming a fixed rather than a likely-changing threshold for the damaging effect and further assuming the linearity of any impact, if not damage, along the scales of pressure and time. The overall HBI, based on such unvalidated approximations, will have to be complemented by an index related to the changes that lie outside a chronodesm with focus both upon the pressures that are too low as well as upon those that are too high. PMID- 6510124 TI - [A clinical report on the treatment of 50 cases of angina pectoris with diltiazem]. PMID- 6510125 TI - [Evaluation of non-invasive electrophysiologic testing in the diagnosis of sinoatrial node function]. PMID- 6510126 TI - [Correlation between pathological changes in the conduction system and the electrocardiographic diagnosis of complete left bundle branch block]. PMID- 6510127 TI - [Effect of magnesium on erythrocytic electrolytes in digitalis poisoning]. PMID- 6510128 TI - [Clinicopathological correlation of 34 cases of IgA nephropathy]. PMID- 6510129 TI - [Quantitative determination of plasma endotoxin in liver diseases and its clinical significance]. PMID- 6510130 TI - [The value of impedance rheopneumography in the diagnosis of chronic cor pulmonale]. PMID- 6510131 TI - [Circulating immune complexes in patients with lung cancer]. PMID- 6510132 TI - [Familial osteomalacia]. PMID- 6510133 TI - [Clinical analysis of 128 cases of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria]. PMID- 6510134 TI - [Ultrastructural observation of the neutrophilic granulocyte series in the bone marrow of patients with nutritional megaloblastic anemia]. PMID- 6510135 TI - [Idiopathic sideroblastic anemia--4 cases examined using the electron microscope]. PMID- 6510136 TI - [Changes in heart rate variation and heart rate in diabetic patients--a discussion on its pathogenesis]. PMID- 6510137 TI - [Myocardial disease]. PMID- 6510138 TI - [Secondary myocardial disease]. PMID- 6510139 TI - [Congestive myocardiopathy]. PMID- 6510140 TI - [Changes in microquantitative proteinuria in diabetes mellitus patients after exercise test]. PMID- 6510141 TI - [A preliminary analysis on the risk factors of retinopathy in non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 6510142 TI - [Clinical significance of the urinary calcium ion in diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 6510143 TI - [The clinical use of equilibrium-gated radionuclide ventriculography in the assessment of ventricular function in coronary heart disease]. PMID- 6510144 TI - [A clinical analysis of 88 cases of Campylobacter enteritis]. PMID- 6510145 TI - [Changes in the immunoglobulin levels in acute and chronic dysentery patients]. PMID- 6510146 TI - [Evaluation of the sensitivity and specificity of the maximal expiratory flow volume curves in detecting small-airway lesions]. PMID- 6510147 TI - [Ileal endoscopic examination and biopsy--report of 365 cases]. PMID- 6510148 TI - [A preliminary report on EEG spectrum analysis of schizophrenia]. PMID- 6510149 TI - [A preliminary study on blood cholinesterase in schizophrenic patients]. PMID- 6510150 TI - [Clinical problems in fugue]. PMID- 6510151 TI - [An analysis of 1,622 psychiatric emergency cases]. PMID- 6510152 TI - [Schizophrenic homicide--report of 6 cases]. PMID- 6510153 TI - [Observations on changes in intracranial pressure during craniotomy under acupuncture and general anesthesia]. PMID- 6510154 TI - [Carotid-cavernous fistulas treated surgically by the so-called flying kite method--report of 4 cases]. PMID- 6510155 TI - [Treatment of carotid-cavernous fistula by trapping and plugging with gelatin sponge--report of 3 cases]. PMID- 6510156 TI - [Use of the CO2 laser in intraspinal exploration--report of 3 cases]. PMID- 6510157 TI - [Cerebrospinal fluid cytology in adults with acute leukemia]. PMID- 6510158 TI - [Significance of serum trace elements in various neurologic diseases]. PMID- 6510159 TI - [Lymphocyte subpopulations in human cerebrospinal fluid--a mixed rosette test for detecting T, B, D and N lymphocytes]. PMID- 6510160 TI - [Computed tomographic detection of organic cerebral changes in schizophrenia]. PMID- 6510161 TI - [Experimental evaluation of domestic-made prostheses for vascular grafts]. PMID- 6510162 TI - [Animal experiment and clinical use of a two-layer antibiotic-containing silicone rubber drainage tube]. PMID- 6510163 TI - [Autogenous microarterial and microvenous grafting in rats--patency rates and morphologic observations]. PMID- 6510164 TI - [The auxiliary arch muscle and its clinical significance]. PMID- 6510165 TI - [Experimental study on the choice of scolicides in hydatid surgery]. PMID- 6510166 TI - [Changes of serum phosphate levels in acute intestinal strangulation--an experimental study]. PMID- 6510167 TI - [Mechanism of pulmonary edema induced by steam inhalation--an experimental study]. PMID- 6510168 TI - [Correlation of the histological demarcation between the gastric antrum and the body with the antral nerve]. PMID- 6510169 TI - [Treatment of accessory nerve injuries]. PMID- 6510170 TI - [Clinical use of a composite cutaneo-fibular flap--report of 8 cases]. PMID- 6510171 TI - [Percutaneous aspiration needle biopsy of the lung]. PMID- 6510173 TI - [Modified Fontan operation for a univentricular heart]. PMID- 6510172 TI - [Long-term results of the surgical treatment of Crohn's disease]. PMID- 6510174 TI - [Long-term effect of the pull-through operation in traumatic posterior urethral stricture]. PMID- 6510175 TI - [Plastic repair of epispadias with incontinence]. PMID- 6510176 TI - [Successful repair of an extensive wound of the gluteal region using a 83 cm long complex musculocutaneous flap]. PMID- 6510177 TI - [Spontaneous hemothorax--report of 2 cases]. PMID- 6510178 TI - [Advances in the diagnosis and treatment of urethral injuries]. PMID- 6510179 TI - Diabetic complications and their relationships to risk factors in a Japanese population. AB - The relationship between diabetic complications and age, sex, duration, mode of therapy, body weight, control of blood glucose, blood pressure, and serum triglyceride and cholesterol was analyzed in a population with non-insulin dependent diabetes in Japan. The prevalences of complications in the subjects varied from 6.5% for cerebrovascular strokes to 85.1% for sclerotic changes in retinal vessels; 35.8% of the patients had diabetic retinopathy and 19.8% had proteinuria. Univariate and multivariate analyses revealed that control of diabetes (blood glucose, mode of therapy, and duration) was closely correlated with retinopathy and proteinuria. However, blood glucose did not correlate with coronary insufficiency or cerebrovascular strokes. These macrovascular complications were related to aging and blood pressure. The data suggested that not only good glycemic control but also sufficient antihypertensive therapy was necessary for treating diabetic patients. The coefficient of determination of the risk factors was calculated for each diabetic complication. Except for sclerotic changes in retinal vessels, the coefficients were too small to fully explain the development of diabetic complications, especially for macrovascular diseases. The current data suggest that susceptibility of the individual patients to the diabetic complications is an important determinant. PMID- 6510180 TI - Clinical utility of nonenzymatically glycosylated blood proteins as an index of glucose control. AB - This study compares the utility of nonenzymatically glycosylated serum proteins (lys-GSP) to glycosylated hemoglobins (HbA1a-c) as control indices of glucose homeostasis in patients with IDDM. The diagnostic value of lys-GSP was also examined in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance, and in two patients with insulinoma. The intraindividual fluctuation of lys-GSP in normoglycemic subjects is very small, resulting in an interindividual range of 3.0 +/- 0.3 lysine-bound glucose/mg protein (means +/- SD, N = 52). HbA1a-c with a normal range of 6.4 +/- 0.9% (N = 52) shows greater variability. In IDDM there is no overlap of lys-GSP levels between the normal and the diabetic range at the 95% confidence level. In patients treated with an open-loop insulin delivery system failure of normalization of the glucose balance was clearly discernible by an elevation of GSP. In contrast, in about 40% of the patients with incomplete glycemic control the HbA1a-c levels fell within the normal range. The utility of lys-GSP for diagnosis of diabetes is compared with the results of 60 oral glucose tolerance tests. Two patients suffering from insulinoma displayed decreased lys-GSP values. From these results it appears that determination of lys-GSP represents a more sensitive parameter for long-term control than HbA1a-c and is suitable for monitoring even small fluctuations of blood glucose. PMID- 6510181 TI - Relationship between health locus of control, health value, and social support and compliance of persons with diabetes mellitus. AB - Thirty insulin-dependent outpatients were interviewed during one of their diabetes clinic visits. Questionnaires were used to measure the independent variables of health locus of control, health value, and perceived social support. Self-report and direct observation were used to measure the dependent variable, compliance with insulin administration, diet, exercise, hypoglycemia management, self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG), and foot care prescriptions. All patients complied with at least 70% of the points measured; half the group complied with at least 80% of the regimen. However, no one complied with all the behaviors deemed essential for good control. The group was most compliant with SMBG, hypoglycemia management, and insulin administration and least compliant with foot care and exercise. A statistically significant relationship was found between compliance and social support (P less than 0.001), powerful others health locus of control (PHLC) (P less than 0.01), and internal health locus of control (IHLC) (P less than 0.05). A multiple regression analysis found that social support and PHLC accounted for at least 50% of the variance in compliance scores. The multiple-R of the independent variables with compliance reached a significance level of P less than 0.005. However, only the two variables of social support and PHLC added significantly (P less than 0.05) to prediction accuracy. The multiple-R of these two variables used as a set reached the significance level of P less than 0.001. PMID- 6510182 TI - Nephropathy in Indian patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes in the young. AB - In 85 patients diagnosed as having non-insulin-dependent diabetes in the young (NIDDY), 6 were found to have nephropathy. The duration of diabetes ranged from 2 to 17 yr; 5 of the 6 patients had retinopathy as evidenced by fluoroscein angiography (3 with proliferative changes). All 6 patients had a 24-h urinary protein excretion greater than 0.5 g and a glomerular filtration rate less than 80 ml/min. Serum beta 2-microglobulin levels were increased in all 6 patients, while only 3 had increased serum creatinine levels. PMID- 6510183 TI - Potential pitfalls in the use of Glucoscan and Glucoscan II meters for self monitoring of blood glucose. AB - We discovered that skilled nurses only casually trained in the use of a fingertip blood glucose reflectance meter (Glucoscan, Lifescan, Mountainview, California) had a 36% incidence of unacceptable results (greater than 15% from reference). A controlled study was undertaken and showed that with Glucoscan I (GI) 4 of 27 readings were unacceptable and with Glucoscan II (GII) 3 of 27 readings were unacceptable, a statistically nonsignificant difference. Minor deviations from the manufacturer's recommended technique had a significant effect on the results with GI. In contrast, GII was much less sensitive to variations in recommended technique. GI underestimated the reference glucose concentration by 11.7%, and GII overestimated by 6.5%, a statistically significant difference. We conclude that the health professional must be aware of interdevice and intradevice variability in self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG). Patients need careful training in the method of SMBG. The results of any single value should be interpreted with caution. PMID- 6510184 TI - National Diabetes Data Group: report of the expert committee on glucosylated hemoglobin. PMID- 6510185 TI - How patients manage diabetes. PMID- 6510186 TI - Evaluation of a new blood glucose monitoring system: importance of the appropriate reference method. PMID- 6510187 TI - Infection and SMBG. PMID- 6510188 TI - Skin temperature changes during CSII in patients with diabetic neuropathy. PMID- 6510189 TI - Construction and evaluation of an instrument for the automated synthesis of oligodeoxyribonucleotides. AB - The details for constructing an easily used and maintained laboratory instrument capable of routine oligodeoxyribonucleotide synthesis are presented. The synthesizer consists of relatively inexpensive, commercially available components and is controlled by an Apple IIe computer. Since reagents are distributed from pressurized reservoirs through a liquid manifold by opening solenoid-activated valves, no pump is required. More than 600 oligomers containing up to 122 bases have been produced with a condensation cycle time of approximately 15 min with apparent coupling yields of 98.5%. A unique bidirectional flow reactor and controlled reagent distribution system provide for rapid mass transfer during solvent and reactant equilibrations and for long-term stability of reagent solutions. Aspects of the system should also find use in other solid-phase synthetic and analytical strategies. PMID- 6510190 TI - Optimization of polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis conditions used for sequencing mixed oligodeoxyribonucleotides. AB - We investigated two components of the polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis system used for sequencing DNA to improve the system for sequencing synthesized oligodeoxyribonucleotides containing positions of degeneracy. First, we varied the ratio of methylene-bis-acrylamide (MBA) to acrylamide from that commonly used in DNA sequencing gels (1% MBA:19% acrylamide). A moderate increase in the MBA:acrylamide ratio proves optimal when sequencing is used to confirm that a synthesized fragment contains equivalent stoichiometries of the different nucleotides at a given position of degeneracy. Such information is particularly important if the degenerate oligodeoxyribonucleotide preparation is to be employed as a hybridization probe. A further increase in the MBA:acrylamide ratio (3% MBA:19% acrylamide) produces a gel in which the sequence of an oligodeoxyribonucleotide mixture containing several positions of degeneracy can be read most easily. Increasing the MBA acrylamide ratio suppresses the effect of base composition on electrophoretic mobility of a fragment. Second, we investigated the use of a Tris-citrate buffer system in place of the standard Tris-borate system. We found the Tris-citrate system to be significantly more effective in preventing discontinuities in the banding pattern of the smaller fragments. Finally, we show that high MBA gels are also effective in resolving mixtures of oligoribonucleotides such as those produced by T1 ribonuclease digestion of small RNAs. PMID- 6510192 TI - [Studies on the relation of Candida infection and esophageal carcinoma]. PMID- 6510193 TI - [Air pollution and lung cancer]. PMID- 6510194 TI - [Radioimmunoassay of polyamine. II. A new method for the quantitative assay of putrescine]. PMID- 6510191 TI - Neuropathies of the optic nerve and visual evoked potentials with special reference to color vision and differential light threshold measured with the computer perimeter OCTOPUS. AB - The contrast evoked potentials (VEPs) to different check sizes were recorded in about 200 cases of discrete optic neuropathies (ON) of different origin. Differential light threshold (DLT) was tested with the computer perimeter OCTOPUS. Saturated and desaturated tests were applied to evaluate the degree of acquired color vision deficiency. Delayed VEP responses are not confined to optic neuritis (RBN) alone and the different latency times obtained from other ON are confluent. The delay may be due to demyelination, to an increasing dominance of paramacular VEP subcomponents or to an increasing dominance of the upper half field responses. Recording with smaller check sizes has the advantage that discrete dysfunctions in the visual field (VF) center are more easily detected: a correlation between amplitudes and visual acuity is best in strabismic amblyopias, is less expressed in maculopathies of the retina and weak in ON. The absence or reduction of amplitudes to smaller check sizes, however, is an important indication of a disorder in the VF center of ON in an early or recovered stage. Acquired color vision defects of the tritan-like type are more confined to discrete ON, whereas the red/green type is reserved to more severe ON. The DLT of the VF center is reduced in a different, significant and non significant extent in discrete optic neuropathies and the correlation between DLT and visual acuity is weak. A careful numerical analysis is needed in types of discrete ON where the central DLT lies within normal statistical limits: a side difference of the DLT between the affected and the normal fellow eye is always present. Evaluation of visual fatigue effects and of the relative sensitivity loss of VF center and VF periphery may provide further diagnostic information. PMID- 6510195 TI - [Composition and distribution of malignant lymphoma in China--an analysis of 3, 366 cases]. PMID- 6510196 TI - [Correlation of computed tomography and lymphangiography manifestations in non Hodgkin's lymphomas--a report of 122 cases]. PMID- 6510197 TI - [Pathologic analysis of 260 cases of intraspinal tumors]. PMID- 6510198 TI - [Clinical staging of pituitary tumors--an analysis of treatment results in 205 cases]. PMID- 6510199 TI - [Extramedullary plasmacytoma of the head and neck--a report of 10 cases]. PMID- 6510200 TI - [Intracranial and intraspinal metastatic tumors--pathologic analysis of 152 cases]. PMID- 6510201 TI - [Radiotherapy of the central nervous system in acute leukemia]. PMID- 6510202 TI - [Adenocarcinoma of the bladder--an analysis of 18 cases]. PMID- 6510203 TI - [Cancer of the penis--a clinical analysis of 145 cases]. PMID- 6510204 TI - [Surgical treatment of cancer of the uterine cervix--a report of 400 cases]. PMID- 6510205 TI - [The relation between soft tissue malignant mesenchymoma and other sarcomas--a case report of malignant mesenchymoma of the tunica vaginalis of the left testis]. PMID- 6510206 TI - [Radiotherapy dosage. II]. PMID- 6510207 TI - [Establishment of a continuous restringently infected lymphoblastic cell line after transfection of a Vero monolayer culture by the circular DNA of a Papio herpesvirus]. PMID- 6510208 TI - [Thermal responses of the brain to sensory stimulation]. PMID- 6510209 TI - [Removal of spinal postural asymmetry induced by unilateral destruction of the neocortex by a brain extract from a donor that compensated for an analogous state]. PMID- 6510210 TI - [Nature of the correlated asymmetrical mechanical noise of the rat papillary muscle]. PMID- 6510211 TI - [X-ray diffraction study of the floccular structures in the endogenous dense phase of chyme]. PMID- 6510212 TI - [Neurophysiological correlates of ideomotor tension in the athlete]. PMID- 6510213 TI - [Direct neostriato-cortical connections in the cat brain detected by the retrograde axonal transport of fluorochromes]. PMID- 6510214 TI - Time course of breath acetaldehyde concentrations during intravenous infusions of ethanol in healthy men. AB - A gas chromatographic method was developed for the quantitative determination of acetaldehyde in expired alveolar air of human subjects. A rapid and direct gas sampling system allow serial determinations and avoid the need for correcting for sample losses or poor recoveries. This method was evaluated in experiments with healthy men during different modes of intravenous infusion of ethanol. The time course of breath-ethanol and breath-acetaldehyde concentrations were used to estimate the coexisting blood levels. Blood acetaldehyde concentration (y) was about 2000 times less than blood ethanol (x) and the values were highly correlated r = 0.90 +/- 0.05, P less than 0.001. The regression equation was y = 2.0 + 0.303x; the intercept was significantly different from zero. Breath acetaldehyde faithfully followed the changes in breath and blood ethanol concentrations for widely varying rates of ethanol infusion. PMID- 6510215 TI - Alcohol abuse in a rural community in India. Part II: characteristics of alcohol users. AB - This part of the study dealt with the analysis of the characteristics of alcohol users. About 50% of both male and female users were between 20 and 39 years of age; 8.1% of males and only 1.3% of females used alcohol daily or several times in a week. Desi (country) liquor was the beverage used by more than 85% of the users; 77.5% of males and 96.5% of females consumed less than one quarter of a bottle of alcohol, and 65.3% of males and 93.6% of females were taking alcohol at their houses only. The reasons given for drinking by the majority of users were 'for pleasure', 'for celebration of an event' and 'status symbol'. The quantity/frequency index analysis showed that the percentage of alcoholics was 4.2 and the remaining were social drinkers. Physical, economic and social problems were reported by a significantly higher percentage of alcoholics than social drinkers. The importance of consideration of these factors in formulating a strategy of social policy in the field of alcohol use is emphasised. PMID- 6510216 TI - Relationship between HBV markers and heroin as a cause of liver injury in drug addicts. AB - Fifty liver biopsies from heroin addicts on methadone maintenance were studied for histological features. The relationship between hepatic damage, HBV markers and the length of drug abuse was analysed. Infiltration was found in 95.6% of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) positive patients and in 50% of hepatitis B surface antibody (HBsAb) positive and HBV negative patients. The length of drug abuse showed a strong direct correlation with vacuolar degeneration (P less than 0.001) and an inverse correlation with fibrosis (P less than 0.05). PMID- 6510217 TI - Decline in abuse of pentazocine/tripelennamine (T's and Blues) associated with the addition of naloxone to pentazocine tablets. AB - From 1977 to 1982, the intravenous use of the combination pentazocine/tripelennamine (T's and Blues) had become a major drug abuse problem in St. Louis, MO, U.S.A. In 1983, the manufacturer of pentazocine tablets removed the drug from the pharmaceutical market and released a new tablet formulation of pentazocine and the narcotic antagonist naloxone. Since 1983 there has been a continuous decline in T's and Blues abuse whereby (a) the new pentazocine tablets do not produce the euphoria sought by addicts; (b) the price of old pentazocine tablets has greatly increased and (c) the availability of heroin and other narcotics has increased. PMID- 6510218 TI - Social drinking in a simulated tavern: an experimental analysis. AB - Five groups of five male social drinkers, who frequently drank with one another, were observed during a 30-min drinking period in an experimental tavern. Audio/video tapes of each session were rated by two observers for onset and duration of drinking and talking using a computer scoring system. Drinking was found to follow a negatively accelerating function, with session intakes correlated with reported weekly drinking. Group talking was found to increase during the session, supporting previous reports of increased socialization following drinking. Drinking patterns and intakes were found to be comparable to some of the observations from naturalistic tavern settings suggesting that the simulated tavern is an appropriate environment in which to study drinking consequences. PMID- 6510219 TI - Effect of acetaldehyde on skeletogenesis in rats. AB - Acetaldehyde (ACH), the metabolite of ethanol was administered to pregnant CF rats intraperitoneally (50 mg/kg) from day 8 through 15 of gestation and fetuses from different mothers were collected from day 16 through 21 of gestation. Fetuses were processed for alizarin skeletal staining. There was significant delay in ossification besides certain skeletal malformations such as wavy ribs. The delay in ossification may be one of the reasons for reduced birth weight and increased postnatal mortality and growth. PMID- 6510220 TI - Effects of acute doses of ethanol on pre- and postnatal development in the mouse. AB - Investigators on fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) both clinical and experimental, have generally concentrated attention on chronic alcoholism. In an attempt to elucidate the effects of binge drinking on pre- and postnatal development, single doses of 0.01, 0.02 and 0.03 ml/g body weight of alcohol solutions (25% v/v of ethanol in saline) were administered intraperitoneally to groups of mice on days 8-12 of gestation. Controls were untreated or starved for 6 h. Fetuses collected on day 18 revealed retardation, fetal mortality and craniofacial and digital malformations. While growth retardation and fetal mortality were dose-dependent, malformations were stage-dependent. The 0.01-ml group exhibited only postaxial polydactyly of the forepaw. The reduction in fetal weight of 0.03-ml groups corresponded well with that of umbilical cord length. Following administration of single doses of 0.01 ml/g of ethanol solution on days 8-12, groups of mice were allowed to deliver. Controls were untreated or pairfed and pair watered. Pups were reared by the respective mothers and their survival and growth were observed till postconception day 71 and thereafter brother/sister matings were carried out. At least one pup in each litter remained extremely stunted and failed to reproduce. No significant differences in mortality, growth rates and reproductive capacity of the rest of the pups were observed. It is concluded that single but heavy doses of ethanol during organogenesis leads to a situation reminiscent of human FAS. PMID- 6510221 TI - Brief Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory scales to screen for substance abuse. AB - Research has focused on development of accurate screening instruments to detect alcoholism. The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) has long been employed, but the utility of previous scales in differentiating substance abusers from normals remains unclear. Conley and Kammeier (J. Consult. Clin. Psychol., 48 (1980) 665) identified seven MMPI items which appeared to be specific to alcoholism. In a replication attempt, this study compared MMPI's for 1403 male and 323 female job applicants and 228 male and 76 female chemical dependency inpatients. MMPI items were chosen through empirical identification of those with greatest endorsement differences. A 13-item scale emerged with an endorsement differential exceeding 45%. Four of the seven Conley-Kammeier items replicated in the 13-item scale. These shorter MMPI scales appear superior to the older 50-item plus MacAndrew and Holmes scales for screening normal populations, providing cutting scores which yield specificity exceeding 80% with sensitivity greater than 90%. However, results must be interpreted with caution, and limitations regarding the state of the art are set forth. PMID- 6510222 TI - Absorption and metabolism of acetaminophen shortly before parturition. AB - The absorption and metabolism of acetaminophen 1 g po (as tablets) by a healthy 27-year-old woman was determined one day before parturition and again 38 days after parturition. Based on the urinary excretion data, acetaminophen was absorbed much more slowly and incompletely, and the metabolic conversion of acetaminophen to the sulfate conjugate was less pronounced on the last day of pregnancy than 38 days after parturition. These results are consistent with reports of decreased gastric emptying rate in late human pregnancy and with decreased acetaminophen sulfation by rats during the last days of gestation. PMID- 6510223 TI - Chlorpropamide-induced hemolytic anemia. AB - Acute intravascular hemolysis developed when a diabetic patient, previously treated with glyburide, was started on another oral sulfonylurea drug, chlorpropamide. Immunoglobulins were not found in the patient's serum and the red cells were coated with C3 only, suggesting an "innocent bystander" reaction. This case demonstrates that there is no cross reactivity between glyburide and chlorpropamide in producing hemolytic anemia. PMID- 6510224 TI - Anaphylactic reaction due to zomepirac. AB - Zomepirac sodium is a nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug with potent analgesic properties. Since its introduction in October 1980, this prostaglandin inhibitor has been fairly well tolerated, and little toxicity has been associated with its use. In fact, it was not until April 1981 that the first serious reaction of anaphylaxis was described. Since then six additional cases have been reported to the literature. The manufacturer voluntarily withdrew the agent in March 1983 from the market pending further investigation of these reactions. We describe the case of an additional anaphylactic reaction to zomepirac and review the literature. PMID- 6510225 TI - Inadequacy of FDA dosing guidelines for intravenous theophylline. AB - The ability of a dosing regimen of intravenous theophylline to achieve therapeutic serum theophylline concentrations was evaluated. Intravenous theophylline was administered to 25 adult patients with acute bronchospasm using dosing guidelines 20 percent higher than FDA recommendations. The dose of theophylline was determined by assignment to one of four clinical categories. Blood samples for determination of serum theophylline concentrations were collected 12 and 24 hours after initiation of a constant infusion. Differences between mean observed and target theophylline concentrations did not achieve statistical significance. All patients in categories 1 and 2 achieved therapeutic concentrations of theophylline. Most of those with subtherapeutic levels were smokers suffering from multiple diseases. We conclude that current FDA recommendations for dosing intravenous theophylline are unreliable for routine use in category 3 and 4 patients. Further work is necessary to evaluate these recommendations in pediatric and category 1 and 2 patients. PMID- 6510227 TI - Residency accreditation standards. PMID- 6510226 TI - Clinical pharmaceutical services in retail practice. II. Factors influencing the provision of services. AB - The second phase of a two-part investigation of factors influencing the development of clinical pharmaceutical services in retail practice is presented. This report focuses on why pharmacists who reported a willingness and competency to perform services in Phase I had not developed such a practice. Transcripts from 11 focus group interviews conducted with pharmacists throughout South Carolina were analyzed by two panels. The first panel summarized subjects' comments regarding the major dimensions: (1) awareness, (2) demand, (3) motivation, (4) requisites, and (5) barriers for delivery of services. The second panel judged the validity of the first panel's analysis. Pharmacists were aware of common clinical services, but had given little thought to unique services oriented to patients' needs. Monetary factors were deemed to be more important than was concluded from the first phase. Pharmacists saw a minimal demand for services, but a great need. Pharmacists also felt the need for more clinical skills, but better systems of delivery also were emphasized. The report concludes with a strategy for promoting clinical services in retail practice. PMID- 6510228 TI - Comment on COAD. PMID- 6510229 TI - Comment on theophylline kinetics. PMID- 6510230 TI - Comment on doxycycline reaction article. PMID- 6510231 TI - Flecainide--a new antiarrhythmic drug. PMID- 6510232 TI - The drug treatment of senile dementia. PMID- 6510233 TI - Investigation of the erythema effectiveness curve with tunable lasers. AB - The erythema effectiveness curve (EEC) has been remeasured with frequency-doubled tunable dye lasers in the wavelength range from 250 to 320 nm. The EEC has been determined from the response of the skin of adult white males after application of a 5 mJ/cm2 radiant exposure. Additionally, minimal erythema doses have been measured. The results confirm earlier observations but give curves with a smaller half bandwidth. In the range from 290 to 310 nm, the EEC has been measured after application of 8-methoxypsoralen and of 3-carbethoxypsoralen. PMID- 6510234 TI - Simuliosis. Analysis of dermatological manifestations following blackfly (Simuliidae) bites as observed in the years 1981-1983 in Bratislava (Czechoslovakia). AB - On the basis of 3 years observation the author differentiates these 6 forms of dermatologic simuliosis: edematous form, erythematous-edematous, so-called erysipeloid form, inflammatory-indurative, so-called phlegmonoid form, haemorrhagic plaques, numerous haemorrhagic nodules, haemorrhagic vesicles. According to the analysis of the year 1983, the painful edematous and haemorrhagic forms occur most frequently. PMID- 6510235 TI - The chemical basis of para-amino compounds. AB - The building of para-amino compounds is examined. The conception para-amino compounds and para-amino hypersensitivity is often used incorrectly. Examples of incorrect use of this conception are given. PMID- 6510236 TI - Age effects on hepatic drug metabolism in Syrian hamsters. AB - The influence of age on hepatic microsomal drug metabolism was determined in male and female Syrian hamsters fed purified diet or commercial ration. Data from hamsters are reported on hepatic contents of microsomal protein and cytochrome P450, as well as activities of arylhydrocarbon hydroxylase and aniline hydroxylase measured at 4, 10, 22, 34, and 64 weeks of age. Hepatic microsomal protein increased at 34 and 64 weeks in hamsters fed purified diet and at 64 weeks in those fed commercial diet. Cytochrome P450 liver content, based on microsomal protein, was highest at 10 weeks in hamsters given purified diets. Peak values were less with the commercial diet and did not differ between 10, 22, and 34 weeks. When expressed on a body weight basis, cytochrome P450 values increased between 4 and 10 weeks in all groups, except in males fed purified diet, in which values increased up to 34 weeks. Arylhydrocarbon hydroxylase activity increased between 4 and 10, 22 or 34 weeks and declined by 64 weeks in every group when based on microsomal protein content or body weight. Aniline hydroxylase activity, based on microsomal protein, increased between 4 and 10 or 22 weeks and then declined by 64 weeks in every group, except in females fed commercial diet, in which no increase occurred. Changes in aniline hydroxylase, based on body weight, were not consistent with these patterns. Maximum values occurred at 4 weeks for females and at 22 weeks for males fed purified diet, but at 10 weeks in males given commercial diet. Declines in drug metabolism between maturity and senescence were greater when data were expressed on the basis of microsomal protein content, when compared with data on a body weight basis. PMID- 6510237 TI - Effects of dietary saturated or polyunsaturated fat on hepatic glutathione S transferase activity. AB - Microsomal mixed function oxidases (MFO) responsible for phase I xenobiotic metabolism are partially dependent on dietary polyunsaturated fat. The reduced activity of the MFO when fat-free or saturated fat diets are fed has been associated with alterations of microsomal phospholipid fatty acid content. Glutathione S-transferases (GSH-transferases) catalyze phase II conjugation reactions, and are important detoxification pathways for highly reactive phase I produced intermediates. We hypothesized that activity of membrane-bound, but not soluble, GSH-transferases would be affected by type of dietary fat. Rats were fed diets that contained either 20% coconut oil, 20% corn oil, or a mixture of 18% coconut oil plus 2% corn oil as the sole source of dietary fatty acids. At the end of the 3-week feeding period the activity of both microsomal and soluble fraction GSH-transferases of rat liver was determined. The original hypothesis that dietary fat type would alter membrane-bound transferase activity was not supported by the results since GSH-transferase activity in the microsomal fraction was not affected. However, feeding 20% coconut oil produced a 25 to 40% decrease in soluble transferase activity compared to corn oil feeding. The Michaelis constant (Km) for soluble GSH-transferase was threefold higher when the diet was devoid of polyunsaturated fat. Ultrafiltration of the soluble fraction to remove compounds with molecular weights below 50,000 did not eliminate the differences in transferase activity due to dietary fat. Separation of the soluble transferases by fast protein liquid chromatography indicated that quantities of the various transferases were affected equally by type of dietary fat. The results indicate that type of dietary fat may be important in determining the ability to detoxify carcinogens or other toxins that are conjugated with glutathione. PMID- 6510238 TI - Interactions between folate metabolism, phenytoin metabolism, and liver microsomal cytochrome P450. AB - The majority of epileptic patients treated with phenytoin (DPH) develop a drug related decrease in serum folate levels. In the present study the hypothesis was investigated that increased folate utilization for DPH metabolism or for enzyme induction may contribute to the mechanism by which DPH induces folate deficiency. In addition, the effect of folate deficiency on microsomal enzyme induction was determined. Sprague-Dawley rats were fed AIN-76 diet which contained either no folate or 2 mg/kg folic acid. The DPH metabolism as well as the folate-dependent oxidation of formate and histidine and the metabolism of model substrates of microsomal cytochrome P450 (ethoxycourmarin and p-nitroanisole) were measured in hepatocytes isolated from these rats. Hepatocyte concentrations of cytochrome P450 were also determined. Cells from rats fed folate-deficient diet had reduced concentrations of folate, but the cytochrome P450 concentrations were unchanged. Phenobarbital increased cytochrome P450 concentration to an equal extent in both diet groups, but it had no effect on liver folate levels. Phenytoin, at the dose given, did not induce cytochrome P450, but a small increase in the metabolism of DPH, p-nitroanisole, and ethoxycoumarin was observed. The metabolism of formate and histidine to CO2 was decreased in folate-deficient cells but not altered by phenobarbital pretreatment. Ethoxycoumarin and p-nitroanisole metabolism were the same in control and folate-deficient hepatocytes, and the rates were increased in both diet groups by phenobarbital pretreatment. The rate of DPH metabolism was unaltered by folate deficiency and the rate was increased by phenobarbital pretreatment in both folate-deficient and control cells. The results of these experiments show that hepatic DPH metabolism is not dependent upon the cellular concentration of folates. Furthermore, folate deficiency does not alter the activity of the liver microsomal cytochrome P450 system or its inducibility. The results suggest that the folate deficiency induced by DPH is not due to utilization of folates in DPH metabolism. PMID- 6510239 TI - Ascorbic acid protects against acetaminophen- and cocaine-induced hepatic damage in mice. AB - Administration of large doses of acetaminophen or cocaine to male CD-1 mice produces significant hepatic injury with marked elevation in serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase activity and severe hepatocellular necrosis. The proposed mechanism for this phenomenon is activation of both parent compounds to hepatotoxic metabolites. Ascorbic acid, 1 g/kg, given to mice 1 hour before and 1 hour after either acetaminophen or cocaine treatment prevented development of the severe hepatocellular damage observed with administration of either drug alone. Plasma disappearance of acetaminophen was less rapid in ascorbic acid-treated animals, suggesting that in vivo metabolism of acetaminophen was altered by ascorbic acid treatment. However, ascorbic acid treatment alone produced a modest decrease in hepatic glutathione content and did not prevent marked hepatic glutathione depletion when administered concomitantly with acetaminophen. Furthermore, a 2-mM ascorbic acid concentration did not alter in vitro hepatic microsomal metabolism of cocaine as measured by formaldehyde formation. While the mechanism(s) for its protective effect remains to be elucidated, these results raise the possibility that ascorbic acid may be useful in preventing hepatic injury caused by some hepatotoxic drugs. PMID- 6510240 TI - Effects of dietary methionine and ethanol on acetaminophen hepatotoxicity in mice. AB - The possible interactive relationship between nutritional compromise of acetaminophen detoxification and ethanol enhancement of acetaminophen hepatotoxicity was studied in mice by using a 2-X-2 factorial design. Ethanol was administered to adult male mice at 0 or 15% solution in the drinking water, and dietary methionine levels were at 54 or 100% of the requirement. After 4 weeks, a significant reduction in the median lethal time (LT50) following a high dose of acetaminophen was seen in the methionine-deficient groups. Methionine deficiency also caused a reduction in hepatic glutathione levels in the control group and in mice receiving sublethal doses of acetaminophen. PGOT levels were increased significantly by methionine deficiency but were markedly increased by the interaction of ethanol treatment and methionine deficiency. Glutathione-S transferase activity was not affected by any treatment combinations, and p nitroanisole O-demethylase activity and relative liver weights were not increased because of chronic ethanol ingestion. These findings indicate that methionine deficiency causes glutathione reduction, which predisposes the mouse to increased acetaminophen hepatotoxicity. Ethanol consumption did not seem to potentiate the increased hepatotoxic effects caused by methionine deficiency, except as indicated by PGOT activity. PMID- 6510241 TI - Acute effects of ethanol, caffeine, or both on platelet aggregation, thromboxane formation, and plasma-free fatty acids in normal subjects. AB - The acute effects of ethanol (0.5 ml/kg b.w.) and caffeine (200 mg), alone or in combination, on platelet function and plasma lipid-lipoprotein levels, were tested in four healthy volunteers according to a Latin Square design. The effects of ethanol alone on platelet function (adrenaline- and collagen-induced aggregation, thromboxane B2 formation induced by arachidonic acid) were negligible. Conversely, caffeine significantly reduced maximal aggregation of platelets following adrenaline and collagen, 3 hours after administration; it also significantly increased thromboxane B2 formation 1 hour from administration. The intakes of caffeine and, to some extent, of ethanol at doses in the common daily range, although not profoundly affecting platelet function or lipid parameters, should be given consideration when treatments with platelet-active drugs are prescribed. PMID- 6510242 TI - [Iodine deficiency, congenital goiter and congenital hypothyroidism. Results of TSH screening in southern Bavaria]. AB - Increased TSH values (greater than or equal to 20 microU/ml) were found in 422 of 168,660 neonates born in Southern Bavaria. In 40 neonates the diagnosis of congenital hypothyroidism was confirmed (1: 4,200). The iodine excretion of healthy neonates and their mothers was on average significantly lower in the Munich than the Hamburg region. No relationship between iodine supply and congenital hypothyroidism was demonstrated. On the other hand, iodine excretion in children with neonatal goiter (17% of those with hyperthyrotropinaemia detected by screening) and their mothers was significantly lower than in control groups in the same regions. In addition, there was a significant correlation between iodine excretion of the mothers and neonates. The results confirm the need for iodine prophylaxis which should also take into account the higher needs during pregnancy. Apart from prophylactic aspects, these measures would also be in the interest of greater effectiveness and selectivity of TSH screening since it would reduce the number of cost-intensive follow-up examinations. PMID- 6510243 TI - [Headache in children]. PMID- 6510244 TI - [Hepatitis B endemic in leukemic children]. PMID- 6510245 TI - [Gastrointestinal angiodysplasias--preventive sclerosing treatment]. PMID- 6510246 TI - [Stereoselectivity of the warfarin effect]. PMID- 6510247 TI - [Immunity against influenza virus types A and B in the Ruhr region]. AB - Haemagglutination-inhibiting antibodies against influenza virus types A and B were determined in the sera of 733 healthy persons among the population of the Ruhr region. The receptivity rate for the total population to strains A/Philippines 2/82 (H3N2) and A/Brazil 1/78 (H1N1) was 60% and 80%, respectively. It was as high as greater than 95% with respect to type B (Hongkong). These findings support the call for more widespread anti-influenza vaccination during the winter half-year. PMID- 6510248 TI - [Endoscopic injection treatment in benign and malignant esophageal stenoses]. PMID- 6510249 TI - [Immunopathogenesis of Crohn's disease]. PMID- 6510250 TI - [Malignant lymphoma of the small intestine after long-existent sprue]. PMID- 6510251 TI - [Drug-induced lesions of the liver in a combination of cyclosporin A and a contraceptive]. PMID- 6510252 TI - Innovative designs and practices for acute systemic toxicity studies. AB - Over a four year period our laboratory has conducted 124 acute systemic toxicity studies (64 oral, 39 dermal, and 21 inhalation), altering study and program designs with the objectives of maximizing information while minimizing animal usage. By employing dose selection strategies, probes, lethality limits instead of LD50's, staggered sequential dosing, and by conducting studies in batteries, animal usage was reduced by 48% below the average number currently quoted as necessary for an LD50 study. Simultaneously, use of a neurobehavioral screen, adjunct studies and a flexible study design have led to a significant upgrading in the information generated by these studies. Additionally, the use of a decision tree approach for selecting tissues for histopathology was developed. The use of specific indicators (such as organ weights) for selecting organs for microscopic examination was also evaluated. Our efforts demonstrate that significantly more information can be generated by studies utilizing fewer animals than is now common practice. PMID- 6510253 TI - Terazosin: intravenous safety evaluation in rats. AB - Terazosin, an alpha-adrenergic antagonist, was administered as a 15 mg/ml solution to rats intravenously at a rate of 2 ml/min. Under these conditions the LD50 was 277 mg/kg for males and 293 mg/kg for females. When administered daily for 1 month at dosages of 0, 10, 40 or 150 mg/kg/day, the no-toxic-effect dosage was 40 mg/kg/day. Evidence of toxicity at 150 mg/kg included hypothermia and deaths. Death resulted from acute, exaggerated pharmacologic effects leading to cardiorespiratory failure. Evidence of sympatholytic activity observed at lower dosages included hypoactivity, blepharoptosis, ptyalism and splenic congestion. PMID- 6510254 TI - Lipid peroxidation and copper toxicity in rats. AB - Pentane production was used as an index of lipid peroxidation in male rats fed either 0 or 1000 ppm copper in diets with and without vitamin E. Pentane production by vitamin E-deficient rats not fed copper was greater than that by vitamin E-supplemented rats not fed copper. Pentane production was low by all groups of rats. Copper-fed, vitamin E-deficient and vitamin E-supplemented rats produced more pentane than did respective controls not fed copper. After 9 weeks of feeding the diets, more pentane was produced by vitamin E-deficient than by vitamin E-supplemented rats following intraperitoneal injection of 5 mg of copper/kg of body weight, and vitamin E-deficient rats fed copper produced 5-fold more pentane than did those not fed copper. Thiobarbituric acid-reactants were highest in blood, kidney and liver from copper-fed rats. Lipid-soluble fluorophores in spleen were lowest in vitamin E-supplemented rats not fed copper and highest in copper-fed, vitamin E-deficient rats. PMID- 6510255 TI - In vitro hepatic enzyme activity in rats exposed nose-only to cigarette smoke. AB - Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed nose-only to cigarette smoke for 10 or 20 min/day for up to 17 weeks. Other animals, identified as sham controls, were handled identically except that cigarettes were not placed in the smoking apparatus. A series of in vitro assays were used to monitor the effects of cigarette smoke and stress on hepatic S15 enzyme activities. Smoke exposure had no effect on any of the biotransformation pathways beyond that resulting from stress associated with the smoke procedure. However, smoking did significantly reduce hepatic levels of glutathione after 16 and 17 weeks of exposure. Smoking also caused a dramatic reduction in weight gain over the various exposure periods. This same effect, but to a lesser degree, was also noted in the sham control animals. These results demonstrate the definite need to reduce the obvious trauma caused by restraining rats for forced, nose-only exposure to the smoke. Until this is accomplished, results of studies on the influence of smoking on rat biochemistry and physiology will be difficult to properly interpret. PMID- 6510256 TI - Toxicity of anticholinesterases: interactions of pyridostigmine and physostigmine with soman. AB - This investigation was conducted to assess the potential of carbamate pretreatment to exacerbate the ill effects of low doses of soman. Ambulatory Activity in a photocell cage (AA) and performance time on an accelerating rotarod (ARR) were used to test for interactions between pyridostigmine or physostigmine and soman. ED50s (i.e., dosages sufficient to reduce ARR time and AA to 50% of control level) of each carbamate (IM) and soman (SC) were determined. The ED50 values (mg/kg) in the ARR test were 3.2, 0.21, and 0.072 for pyridostigmine, physostigmine and soman, respectively, while in the AA test the corresponding values were 1.8, 0.072 and 0.060. The matrix of 16 combinations of 0, 1, 2/3, and 1/3 ED50 each of carbamate and soman was studied in each test system, as well as the effect of behavioral deficit free (BDF) dosages of each carbamate on the ED50s of soman. In both the AA and ARR tests the matrix of combinations of pyridostigmine and soman indicated an additive effect. In contrast, physostigmine produced one instance of potentiation in each test system and anatagonism in two combinations in the AA procedure. A BDF dosage of each carbamate (0.056 mg/kg of pyridostigmine and 0.026 mg/kg of physostigmine) gave no evidence of adding to the deficit in AA induced by soman. In the ARR test, the ED50 of soman was lower by 11% with pyridostigmine pretreatment and by 14% with physostigmine; the latter just reached statistical significance (p less than 0.05). Although additivity was most often found at higher dosages of pyridostigmine and physostigmine, at the BDF dosages little or no adverse interaction was found between Pyridostigmine or Physostigmine and low levels of soman. PMID- 6510257 TI - [Prostaglandins and inhibitors of their synthesis in occlusive vascular diseases]. PMID- 6510258 TI - [Pulmonary prostaglandins and leukotrienes]. PMID- 6510259 TI - [Prostaglandins and the gastrointestinal tract]. PMID- 6510260 TI - [Prostaglandins and cancer]. PMID- 6510261 TI - [Prostaglandins in gynecology]. PMID- 6510263 TI - [Prostaglandins and the physician]. PMID- 6510262 TI - [Prostaglandins in the newborn infant]. PMID- 6510264 TI - [Interactions between drugs and prostaglandins]. PMID- 6510265 TI - [The biochemistry of prostaglandins]. PMID- 6510266 TI - [Nutrition and prostaglandins]. PMID- 6510267 TI - [Dihydroergotamine--a newcomer in thrombosis prophylaxis]. PMID- 6510268 TI - [Recent advances in the treatment of kidney stones]. PMID- 6510269 TI - [Changes in muscle power production capacity in power athletes self-administering androgenic anabolic steroids]. PMID- 6510270 TI - [Results of treatment of tibial shaft fractures caused by indirect violence]. PMID- 6510271 TI - [Should parents be informed of fetal sex following genetic amniocentesis?]. PMID- 6510272 TI - [Splenic abscess]. PMID- 6510273 TI - [Immotile cilia syndrome as a cause of male infertility]. PMID- 6510274 TI - [Differential diagnosis of hyponatremia]. PMID- 6510275 TI - [A familial cancer syndrome]. PMID- 6510276 TI - [Finnish registry for familial colonic adenomatosis]. PMID- 6510277 TI - [Quantitative EEG in various forms of Alzheimer's disease]. PMID- 6510278 TI - [False elevation of free thyroxin levels due to the presence of autoantibodies]. PMID- 6510279 TI - [Meningitis following myelography]. PMID- 6510280 TI - [Treatment of urinary infection in patients with ileal conduit urinary diversion]. PMID- 6510281 TI - [Developments in traffic safety in Finland]. PMID- 6510282 TI - [Traffic and chronic illness]. PMID- 6510283 TI - [Role of the medical examination in driver licencing]. PMID- 6510284 TI - [Supervision of driving fitness by the police]. PMID- 6510285 TI - [Drugs and traffic]. PMID- 6510286 TI - [Changes in the profile of traffic injuries]. PMID- 6510287 TI - [Insurance in traffic accidents]. PMID- 6510288 TI - [Car technology and traffic safety]. PMID- 6510289 TI - [Drinking and driving]. PMID- 6510290 TI - [Water traffic, drowning and alcohol]. PMID- 6510291 TI - [Treatment of hypercholesteremia in the prevention of coronary disease: is the controversy finally settled?]. PMID- 6510292 TI - [Coffee and the heart]. PMID- 6510293 TI - [Systems theory and the therapeutic community]. PMID- 6510294 TI - [Massive fetomaternal transfusion]. PMID- 6510295 TI - [Femoral nerve damage as a complication of anticoagulant therapy]. PMID- 6510296 TI - [Clinical physiology as a medical specialty]. PMID- 6510297 TI - [Is computer-assisted ECG analysis useful?]. PMID- 6510298 TI - [Use of the clinical exercise test in the evaluation of occupational working capacity]. PMID- 6510299 TI - [Ambulatory recording of ECG and blood pressure]. PMID- 6510300 TI - [Role of the exercise thallium test and ventriculography in ischemic heart disease]. PMID- 6510301 TI - [Cardiovascular disorders in autonomic neuropathies]. PMID- 6510302 TI - [Pulmonary function studies in the diagnosis of respiratory diseases]. PMID- 6510303 TI - [Cardiopulmonary function and the evaluation of surgical risk]. PMID- 6510304 TI - [Respiratory dysfunction during sleep]. PMID- 6510305 TI - [Diagnosis of gastroesophageal reflux]. PMID- 6510306 TI - [Urodynamic studies]. PMID- 6510307 TI - [Assessment of physical condition and the effects of training]. PMID- 6510308 TI - Bilateral facial nerve paralysis associated with Mycoplasma pneumonia infection. PMID- 6510309 TI - Clinical experiences in managing head and neck squamous carcinoma. PMID- 6510310 TI - Lipomatosis and Virchow's metamorphosis in the parotid glands. PMID- 6510312 TI - Chloroquine resistant malaria. PMID- 6510311 TI - Aural histoplasmosis: report of a case. PMID- 6510313 TI - Rain water collected from asbestos tile roofs. PMID- 6510315 TI - Laryngeal tuberculosis in Nigeria. PMID- 6510314 TI - Radionuclide (51Cr, 125I and 59Fe) blood volume studies in West Africans with sickle-cell disease. PMID- 6510316 TI - The pattern of transmission of hepatitis B virus in an urban population of Kenya. PMID- 6510318 TI - Diagnostic problems in ectopic pregnancy. PMID- 6510317 TI - Open medullary nailing of the femur: Ibadan experience. PMID- 6510319 TI - The applicability of the daily fetal movement count (DFMC) as a monitor for fetal well-being in the Nigerian women. PMID- 6510320 TI - Integrated family planning services: a Nigerian experience. PMID- 6510321 TI - Practical therapeutics: some investigations of the toxic effects of the alkaloids extracted from Strychnos henningsii (Gilg) "muteta". PMID- 6510322 TI - Relative resistance of and delayed toxicity in undifferentiated plant cells to methyl mercury. AB - Meristematic cells of carrot (Daucus carota L., Ca68-10) and lettuce (Lactuca sativa L., LE-67) cultured in 71-V medium (with 0.15 microgram/ml 2, 4-D) were given one initial dose (0.0001, 0.001, or 0.01 microgram/ml) of methyl mercury (MeHg) at 0 hr, cultured for 288 hr. and then subcultured for 4 weeks. In another experiment, MeHg was added in four daily doses (0.05, 0.10, 0.50, 1.0, 2.5, or 5.0 micrograms/ml) starting at 72 hr for 120 hr and then subcultured for 168 hr. The resulting 50% growth reduction (Gr50) levels were high--1570 and 540 micrograms Hg/g dry wt for carrot and lettuce, respectively. Methyl mercury was taken up completely by cells but retention decreased at higher MeHg concentrations in the medium. The resistance of undifferentiated cells of both species to MeHg was markedly greater than that observed in multicellular plants. Cells derived from Hg-treated cultures did not recover their growth potential when subcultured in Hg-free medium. The Gr50 levels were lowered during successive subculturing in both carrot (50 micrograms Hg/g) and lettuce (10 micrograms Hg/g), indicating increased sensitivity to residual Hg in cells. This effect depended on the initial Hg concentration and on the number of cell divisions. At low MeHg concentrations, it was observed in cells 12 generations after one initial dose of 0.01 microgram/ml MeHg. PMID- 6510323 TI - Mercury dispersion from Minamata Bay to the Yatsushiro Sea during 1975-1980. AB - Nearly three decades have passed since the first outbreak of Minamata disease (methyl mercury poisoning). Since then, the Japanese government has taken the position that mercury contamination is occurring only within Minamata Bay, and commercial and sport fishing has been prohibited only within the bay. However, about 30 tons of mercury has quietly been moving into the Yatsushiro Sea, although most of the mercury (150 tons) which was released (and which induced the disease) has been deposited with bed sediments within Minamata Bay. Observations from 1975 to 1980 confirm that the dispersion of the mercury from the bay into Yatsushiro Sea is imminent and that the average concentration of mercury in bed sediments has increased 315% between 1975 and 1980 in the Yatsushiro Sea. PMID- 6510324 TI - 3,3',4,4'-Tetrachloroazobenzene and 3,3',4,4'-tetrachloroazoxybenzene in technical grade herbicides: propanil, diuron, linuron, and neburon. AB - The levels of 3,3',4,4'-tetrachloroazobenzene (TCAB) and 3,3',4,4' tetrachloroazoxybenzene (TCAOB) were determined by gas chromatography-electron capture detection in 20 samples of 3,4-dichloroaniline-derived herbicides. The concentrations of TCAB in technical grade propanil, diuron, linuron, and neburon from a variety of manufacturers ranged from 0.10 to 28.40 mg/kg. No relevant difference was found between the two different herbicide classes analyzed. PMID- 6510325 TI - Quantitative comparisons of acute toxicity of organic chemicals to rat and fish. AB - Relationships between the acute toxicity of chemicals to fish (LC50) and rat (LD50) were analyzed using a Model II regression analysis after logarithmic transformation. (Model II regression assumes errors in both variables.) Significant correlations were found among bluegill and fathead minnow LC50S and rat LD50 values for the "priority pollutants." Fathead minnow and bluegill LC50S for 48 pesticides were highly correlated. No correlations were found between fish and rat for carbamate plus organophosphate pesticides. Correlations were obtained among all species for the combined priority pollutant plus pesticide data and for chlorinated pesticides. PMID- 6510326 TI - Persistence and movement of phorate at high concentrations in soil. AB - The entrance of a large number of chemicals into the agricultural market has caused concern to both cultivators and scientists because of their effectiveness at the target site, possibility of underground water contamination, and other undesirable effects such as phytotoxicity and effects on nontarget species. The persistence and movement of phorate--a systemic granular insecticide--were studied at high concentrations (4 and 8 kg a.i./ha) in field soil in two seasons, i.e., winter and summer. Periodic sampling for total phorate residues (TPR) at various vertical depths showed that it leached more efficiently at the higher dose (i.e., 8 kg a.i./ha) in both seasons. The horizontal mobility was also higher at this dose. Irrespective of the treatments, TPR leaching was significantly greater in winter with the higher dose, whereas its movement in the horizontal plane was comparatively greater in summer with this dose. The TPR concentration peaks remained stationary at 7.5 cm depth at all the redistribution times until the pesticide was nearly dissipated under both treatments and in both seasons. TPR persistence was higher at the higher dose. Its persistence was comparatively greater in winter than in summer. The present findings show that there seems to be no threat of underground water contamination by this pesticide even at a rate as high as 8 kg a.i./ha. PMID- 6510327 TI - Toxicity of anticholinesterase insecticides to birds: technical grade versus granular formulations. AB - The acute toxicities of 13 granular anticholinesterase insecticides were compared with their technical grade active ingredients by administering single oral doses of chemical to adult Northern bobwhites (Colinus virginianus) and evaluating resultant LD50 values and dose-response curves. Similar tests with ringed turtledoves (Streptopelia risoria) were conducted with five of the granular formulations to check for interspecific differences. The test chemicals were Amaze 15G (isofenphos), Counter 15G (terbufos), Dasanit 15G (fensulfothion), Diazinon 14G (diazinon), Di-Syston 15G (disulfoton), Dyfonate 20G (fonofos), Furadan 10G (carbofuran), Lorsban 15G (chlorpyrifos), Nemacur 15G (fenamiphos), Parathion 10G (parathion), Tattoo 10G (bendiocarb), Temik 15G (aldicarb), and Thimet 15G (phorate). Information is also presented on dose-response relations and their use in hazard assessment, granule size and hazard, response patterns, and toxic signs. The general conclusions were: (1) The organophosphates (fenamiphos and fensulfothion) and the carbamate (aldicarb) were the most toxic of the insecticides tested. (2) The granular formulation and its technical grade active ingredient were of equivalent toxicity, or the granular was significantly less toxic. (3) The dose-response curve enhances hazard assessment. (4) Ingestion of a single granule of Temik 15G was shown to be life threatening to bobwhite sized birds, and ingestion of fewer than five granules could be lethal to sparrow sized birds for Dasanit 15G, Diazinon 14G, Dyfonate 20G, Furadan 15G, and Nemacur 15G. (5) It is therefore suggested that the hazard associated with granular insecticides may be more dependent on which species (cf. size and feeding behavior) inhabit a treated area than on the actual application rate. PMID- 6510328 TI - Effect of administration sequence of mercuric chloride and sodium selenite on their fates and toxicities in mice. AB - Interaction of mercury and selenium was examined in mice given mercuric chloride (25 mumol/kg) intravenously with sodium selenite (25 mumol/kg, iv) according to various administration schedules. Body weight of the mice given mercuric chloride or selenite alone did not increase, but the mice given both compounds simultaneously grew as well as control mice. On the other hand, only a 1-hr shift of administration of either compound canceled the mutual detoxifying effect. The most conspicuous changes in tissue distribution of mercury and selenium and in gel filtration patterns of both elements accumulating in tissues of the mice were observed when both compounds were administered simultaneously. These experimental results indicate that the interaction of mercuric mercury with selenite in mice occurred to the greatest extent upon simultaneous administration, supporting the hypothesis that the interaction primarily occurs in the blood stream. PMID- 6510329 TI - [Analysis of uterine sarcoma induced in mice in terms of the two-staged development of tumors]. AB - The results of combined treatment of CBA female mice with 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH) and estradiol dipropionate (EP) are discussed in terms of a two-stage carcinogenesis hypothesis. 20% of mice treated with DMH alone developed uterine sarcomas. EP given after the cessation of DMH-treatment increased sarcoma incidence as high as 60.6% (5 micrograms EP) or 66.7% (10 micrograms EP) and significantly decreased the time of the first tumour appearance. From the standpoint of the two-stage carcinogenesis it is considered possible for EP to influence the tumour-initiating stage. PMID- 6510330 TI - [Sensitivity of hepatocytes to the effect of factors stimulating and suppressing cell proliferation in hepatocarcinogenesis]. AB - Sensitivity of hepatocytes to the proliferative stimulus (partial hepatectomy) and mitoinhibitory effect of carcinogen (toxic dose after operation) was studied during hepatic carcinogenesis induced by the chronic administration of diethylnitrosamine. At early stages of hepatocarcinogenesis (4-6 weeks of carcinogen treatment) in the rat liver tissue there appears and then increases a subpopulation of hepatocytes insensible to proliferation mediators. The cell number in this subpopulation essentially increased in the period preceding the development of microscopically detected neoplastic nodules. PMID- 6510331 TI - [Characteristics of nucleic acid secreted by Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells]. AB - Cells of Ehrlich ascite tumour secrete RNA to the medium. By ultracentrifugation within the gradient of cesium sulphate density the extracellular heterogenic RNA was found to contain the RNA-DNA hybrids. It is suggested that RNA secreted by the tumour cells participates in the tumour-host interactions. PMID- 6510332 TI - [Cloning of Lewis lung carcinoma cells in agar cultures in diffusion chambers]. AB - A method was developed for cloning the Lewis lung carcinoma cells (LLC) in vivo in diffusion chambers. This method is analogous to the system introduced by Gordon for cloning hemopoietic precursor cells. No significant differences were observed in the efficiency of the cloning of the tumour cells within the range of 1 to 4 weeks after transplantation (7.7 +/- 0.7% for 240 cultures). PMID- 6510333 TI - [Isolation and characteristics of the fibroblast cell line of rats cotransformed by the DNA of simian adenovirus SA7 (C8) and hepatitis B virus]. AB - Transformed cell line (SH2) was established by means of co-transfection of primary rat embryonal fibroblasts by DNA of high-oncogenic simian adenovirus SA7 (C-8) and hepatitis B virus. SH2 cells possess a transformed phenotype and high oncogenicity both for allogenic (rats) and xenogenic (hamsters) animals. 100 SH2 cells induce tumours in newborn (3 day) hamsters. 10(4) SH2 cells inoculated to adult hamsters induce tumours in approximately 50% cases on the 20th-30th day. Possible mechanisms of significant stimulation of SH2 cells oncogenic properties after co-transfection by DNA of oncogenic adenovirus SA7 and hepatitis B virus are discussed. PMID- 6510334 TI - [Metastasis and stress reactions in the surgical resection of tumors]. AB - Complex investigations of brain mediator systems, catecholamine metabolism, II oxycorticosteroid level in blood plasma, histochemical study of hormonogenesis in adrenal medulla and adrenal cortex in C57N1 mice with metastatic Lewis (3LL) carcinoma showed that metastatic stimulation initiated by the removal of a tumour caused an intensive prolonged stress reaction which differed from the reaction to a surgical trauma without removing a tumour. It is supposed that neuroendocrinal stress reactions could to a considerable extent determine this metastatic stimulation. PMID- 6510335 TI - [Properties of alkylating derivatives of estrogens]. AB - The influence of phenestrol and XTJI-51 (hexestrol alkylating derivatives) on uterine tissues and their ability to bind to estrogen receptors were studied. The both compounds studied exhibited estrogenic properties and imitated all effects of estradiol: they increased the uterine wet weight and the activity of thymidine kinase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. Although their affinity for estrogen receptors was much weaker than the affinity of estradiol, their complexes with estrogen receptors were more stable than estrogen-receptor complexes. PMID- 6510337 TI - [Antineoplastic and toxic effects of blastolysin in the treatment of spontaneous mammary cancer in dogs]. AB - The anticancer activity and toxicity of blastolysin were studied in 13 dogs with mammary cancer using two different schedules. The agent was given 5 times in a dose of 2.5-10 mg/kg with a 72 h interval (the first schedule) and 10 times in a dose of 0.4-1.7 mg/kg in 24 h (the second schedule). The first schedule exhibited the highest anticancer effect with the least toxicity. Blastolysin was found to depress erythropoiesis. PMID- 6510336 TI - [Lactate and pyruvate metabolism in the tissues of rats with Walker carcinosarcoma injected with oxythiamine]. AB - The levels of L-lactate and pyruvate as well as the enzymes of their conversion (lactate dehydrogenase in direct and reverse reactions, pyruvate dehydrogenase, pyruvate kinase, alanine transaminase) have been studied simultaneously in the liver and skeletal muscle of rats bearing carcinosarcoma Walker 256, control animals and after additional oxythiamine administration. Properties of oxythiamine independent of its anticoenzymic activity manifest themselves in the body of tumour-bearing animals to a greater extent. After the antivitamin administration there occur strong inhibition of pyruvate kinase, activation of alanine transaminase, normalization of the L-lactate level in the tissues. PMID- 6510338 TI - [Effect of the combined use of BCG, PPD, a protein-containing preparation from allogenic tissue and cyclophosphamide in the development of methylcholanthrene induced tumors]. AB - The organism resistance to the appearance of 20-methylcholanthrene-induced tumours may be enhanced by application of different immunologic factors (BCG, PPD, low-molecular allogenic protein) in combination with a single administration of cyclophosphane (CPh). The positive effect was observed both when CPh was applied prior to the immunologic impact (3 or 7 days before) and after it (3 or 8 days later). In the last case the effect was more stable. PMID- 6510339 TI - [Proliferative activity of cultures of embryonic mouse fibroblasts, infected by CA7(C8) adenovirus in a non-serum medium]. AB - Primary monolayer cultures of mouse fetal cells were grown in serum-depleted medium. Cell proliferation parameters were measured by scanning cytophotometry and 3H-thymidine autoradiography. Both 1 h and 24 h thymidine labelling indices (LI) were extremely low in cultures growing without serum for 1 day indicating only residual proliferative activity. The number of cytophotometrically detected S-phase cells was slightly higher than the corresponding LI values. This suggests either the arrest of the cells in S-phase or failure to utilize exogenous thymidine without serum. 24 h after infection by oncogenic adenovirus SA7 (C8) a burst of proliferative activity was revealed in serum-depleted cultures with a dramatic increase of both LI values and the amount of S-cells detected by cytophotometry. These data are discussed in terms of possible virus-induced neoplastic cell transformation. PMID- 6510340 TI - [Present-day goals and aims of the study of DNA levels in tumor cells]. AB - Aims and tasks of the investigation of the DNA contents in tumour cells are discussed. It is supposed that DNA aneuploidia is a specific sign of malignant cells. Such supposition permits solving the problem of quantitative identification of malignant cells in the complex cell populations and determination of their quantity. Certain conditions necessary for solving this problem are considered. PMID- 6510341 TI - [Malignant transformation of mouse cultured cells using bovine adenovirus type 3 and modification of this process by MNNG]. AB - It is shown that tumour transformation of cultured mouse cells 10T1/2C3H depends on the time after the infection with virus BAV-3. The maximal number of tumours was observed 3 weeks after infection, then the frequency of tumours was reduced. MNNG modified virus-induced tumour cell transformation differently depending on the time between cell infection and treatment with the chemical agent. PMID- 6510342 TI - [Intranuclear localization of hepatoma chromatin antigens not detected in liver chromatin]. AB - Localization of malignant cell antigens which are not detected in the liver chromatin was investigated by antibodies to chromatin of Zajdela ascite hepatoma and solid hepatoma 27. Antibodies to chromatin of Zajdela ascite hepatoma do not interact with nuclear matrix of both hepatoma and liver cells. Zajdela ascite hepatoma and solid hepatoma 27 chromatin regions hypersensitive to DNase I and endogenous Mg2+-dependent nuclease are enriched with immunogenic proteins. Antibodies to hepatoma chromatins pretreated with liver chromatin show that hepatoma chromatin antigens which are not detected in liver chromatin are localized in chromatin regions hypersensitive to nucleases but are absent (or scanty) in actively transcribed regions. PMID- 6510343 TI - [Effects of interferon on the kinetics of the cell cycle of human lymphoma cultured cells]. AB - The effect of homological and heterological (mice, pigs) interferon on cell cycle kinetics of human lymphoma cell in cultures (lines Molt-4, P3HRj, Namalva, Raji) was studied by the cytofluorimetric method. Different cell populations demonstrated unequal sensitivity to the antiproliferative interferon action. In sensitive cell populations (lines Molt-4, P3HRJ) nonspecific changes were revealed in the cell cycle kinetics. The action of the homological and heterological interferon on the investigated tumour cells was nearly the same. PMID- 6510344 TI - [Hemolytic resistance of erythrocytes in the development of experimental tumors]. AB - Peculiarities of variations in the mechanical resistance of erythrocytes from mice with tumours were studied depending on the growth stage of tumours (lymphoma NK/Ly and sarcoma S-37). The accumulation of erythrocytes with the increased mechanical resistance at the stage of rapid tumour development (on the 4 to 6th days) was revealed by the kinetic method of ultrasonic haemolysis. Quantitative parameters of ultrasonic haemolytic resistance of erythrocytes from normal and tumour-bearing mice were used as criteria for the red blood cell changes depending on the cell age in blood. The increase of haemolytic resistance at the rapid stage of tumour growth may be caused by a higher number of "young" erythrocytes in blood. Ultrasonic haemolytic resistance increases when there is no changes in the erythrocyte quantity and hemoglobin concentration. The kinetic study of ultrasonic haemolysis of the erythrocytes isolated from peripheric blood permits estimating the reaction of the blood forming organs to the origin and development of tumours. PMID- 6510345 TI - [Colony-forming ability of bone marrow hematopoietic cells in mice with transplanted leukemia during administration of carminomycin]. AB - Effects of carminomycin on the colony-forming ability of bone marrow haemopoietic stem cells (CFUs) were compared in normal mice with steady state and actively regenerating bone marrow, and in P-388 and La leukemia-bearing mice. CFUs assays were performed 24 h after treatment of donor mice with the increasing doses of the drug. Leukemia-bearing mice received carminomycin on the 5th day after transplantation. The dose-effect curves were exponential for CFUS normal mice with both the steady state and active proliferation state of bone marrow. The maximal effect was found 24 h after injection of 0.7 mg/kg of carminomycin (ED50 for CFUS) being more pronounced in regenerating bone marrow. The dose-effect curves for leukemias were also exponential. In the case of La leukemia the killing of CFUs by carminomycin was the highest as compared with P-388 leukemia. PMID- 6510346 TI - [Changes in the content and composition of gangliosides of tumors as affected by chemotherapeutic agents]. AB - The lipid-bound sialic acid (LSA) levels increased in the metastasizing Lewis lung carcinoma (3LL) and significantly decreased in blood plasma of the tumour bearing mice after cyclophosphamide treatment correlating with the drug therapeutic effect. 5-fluorouracil that was less active in the used therapeutic doses did not cause similar changes in the LSA levels. No correlation was found between the LSA levels in adenocarcinoma 755 and the drug antitumour activity. It was observed that the content of hematoside, GM1 and GD1b sharply increases and GD3 and GD1a levels significantly decrease under the cyclophosphamide treatment of the Lewis tumour. PMID- 6510347 TI - [Distribution and removal of magnetic microcarriers of anti-neoplastic agents from the body]. AB - The dynamics of distribution and removal of different types of magnetic microcarriers have been examined in 450 rats by the method of nuclear absorption spectrophotometry. The concentration of magnetic microcarriers was studied in the brain, heart, lungs, liver, spleen and kidneys in different periods (1 min to 30 days) after single intravenous injection of different types of magnetic fluids. The latter were prepared from the ultrafine powders of magnetite and metallic iron. The magnetic particles had a spherical form and varied from 10 to 70 nm in size. The results of studies have shown that microcarriers made of high-disperse metal iron are most preferable as drug carriers. PMID- 6510348 TI - [Effect of vinblastine during high activity of the anticoagulating system on the growth of sarcoma 45 in rats and several blood indicators in animals with tumors]. AB - The strong depressive effect of vinblastine on the rat sarcoma 45 growth and intensification of this effect by the combination of vinblastine treatment with the activation of the blood anticoagulating system (BAS) were found. Vinblastine had no negative effect on the BAS activation process and induced no persistent changes in the qualitative content of leucocytes in the peripheral blood. PMID- 6510349 TI - [Studies of the properties of experimental melanoma using 75Se-methionine]. AB - The radiometric method revealed increased tropism of 75Se-methionine to a tumour versus skin in 50 mice with Garding-Passy and B-16 melanomas. The obtained data may be used for a more comprehensive study on possibilities of the above labelled agent as an adjuvant radiodiagnostic substance. PMID- 6510350 TI - [Production of antibodies by hybridomas in a serum-free culture medium]. AB - Evidence is presented that hybridomas maintained in serum-free medium continue to secrete antibodies for some time. The dynamics of this secretion appears to be close to that in analogous cultures kept in the serum medium but apparently differs from that in analogous cultures grown in the balanced salt solution. The possibility of hybridomas to synthesize antibodies in protein free medium and not only to release those formerly synthesized is under discussion. PMID- 6510351 TI - Electrophysiological studies in myotonic dystrophy. 1: Potential motor unit parameters and conduction velocity of the motor and sensory peripheral nerve fibres. PMID- 6510352 TI - Electrophysiological studies in myotonic dystrophy. 2: Single fibre E.M.G. PMID- 6510353 TI - Electromyographic study of the M. serratus anterior during respiration. PMID- 6510354 TI - Simultaneous EMG of biceps femuralis, semimembranous and semitendinous muscles in the flexion movement, in ergometric bicycle. PMID- 6510355 TI - Recurrent inhibition in spastic hemiplegia. PMID- 6510356 TI - EEG finding in myasthenia gravis. PMID- 6510357 TI - Cortical potentials related to voluntary, spontaneous and reflex blinking. PMID- 6510358 TI - Feasibility of single motor unit control in the m. abductor pollicis brevis and its relation to concentration ability and thumb tapping ability. PMID- 6510359 TI - Recovery from acute demyelinating conduction block in the presence of prolonged distal conduction delay due to peripheral nerve constriction. PMID- 6510360 TI - Evaluation of the EMG spontaneous activity in tetany: further development of a method of automatic analysis. PMID- 6510361 TI - Some results on the optimization of a digital processor for surface EMG signals. PMID- 6510362 TI - [Radioimmunological method of determining antimicrosomal antibodies]. PMID- 6510363 TI - [Autonomic thyroid adenoma]. PMID- 6510364 TI - [Effect of bromocriptine on prolactin secretion after dopaminergic receptor blockade with metoclopramide in patients with prostatic cancer treated with estrogens]. PMID- 6510365 TI - [Results of bromocriptine treatment of women with functional amenorrhea galactorrhea syndrome]. PMID- 6510366 TI - [Effect of experimental hypothyroidism on N-acetyltransferase activity in the rat liver]. PMID- 6510367 TI - Lithotripsy in the common bile duct using ultrasound. Preliminary in vitro experiments. AB - In patients with an increased surgical risk, common bile duct stones can be removed with the aid of endoscopic papillotomy. Most stones are either passed spontaneously, or can be drawn out with the Dormia basket. Excessively large stones can first be smashed with the mechanical lithotripter. Some 20% of the stones presenting are, however, too hard to be smashed in this way. A technique was accordingly developed for smashing such bile duct stones using ultrasound. A prerequisite for this technique was the development of an acoustic wave guide that would conduct ultrasound energy even when bent. With this procedure, it will soon be possible to destroy bile duct stones in situ. PMID- 6510368 TI - Catheter for the electrocoagulation of bile duct stenosis. AB - A catheter that permits the application of high-frequency current during ERC in order to pass through a bile duct stenosis is described. PMID- 6510369 TI - Hydrostatic balloon catheters. A new dimension of therapeutic endoscopy. AB - Disorders secondary to strictures of various segments of the gastrointestinal tract, e.g. esophagus, stomach, bile ducts, pancreas and colon often produce symptoms requiring continuing medical management or aggressive intervention. Until now, surgery has been required for failures of medical treatment. Endoscopically placed balloon catheters offer an alternative method for effectively treating a variety of gastrointestinal strictures. In this report we present examples of applications of balloon catheters in clinical gastroenterology. PMID- 6510370 TI - Lipid island of the esophagus. Case report. PMID- 6510371 TI - Two rare cases of endoscopic extraction of foreign bodies from the stomach and duodenum. AB - This is the report of two cases of successful endoscopic foreign body extraction from the gastrointestinal tract. The first case describes the extraction of 18 objects from the stomach and duodenum of an insane patient done 6 months ago. The second case presents a patient with a prior bile duct operation in whom a transpapillary drain had been left behind 8 years ago. The authors suggest a number of recommendations concerning easier and safer technique of endoscopy. Roentgeno-endoscopic diagnostic localization of foreign bodies and choice of active or temporizing tactics is given special attention. Detailed description of foreign body extraction and further treatment of patients is given. In conclusion the authors suggest that endoscopy should be more often used after operations to reveal and remove possible iatrogenic foreign bodies from the gastrointestinal tract. PMID- 6510372 TI - Successful endoscopic treatment of extensive recurrent papillary stenosis six years after endoscopic papillotomy. AB - A case of recurrent almost complete papillary stenosis after endoscopic papillotomy is presented. The stenosis was treated successfully, again by renewed endoscopic papillotomy, prior to fistulotomy. The endoscopic findings, the therapeutic procedure and the results are documented. PMID- 6510373 TI - Lack of correlation between endoscopic diagnosis of chronic erosion and its histological evidence. PMID- 6510374 TI - The anatomy of the ferret paratracheal parasympathetic nerve-ganglion plexus. AB - Silver-impregnated preparations of the ferret paratracheal nerve-ganglion plexus were studied for description and quantitation of the general morphology of ganglia and nerve bundles and trunks. Most ganglia were found in one or two chains, separated by interganglionic nerve trunks, running the length of the trachea in close apposition to the trachealis muscle. Ganglia were flat, one cell deep, and characterized by irregular spacing and small and variable numbers of perikarya. Perifascicular, infrafascicular, and mixed types of ganglia were seen. The mean perikaryon density was 127 +/- 20/cm2 of trachealis muscle. In addition to connections to the interganglionic nerve trunk, more than 70% of ganglia were also apparently "connected" to nerve bundles running to the periphery and/or the center of the preparation, and the plexus seemed considerably more complex than originally described. There was no significant change in density, size or type, or connections of ganglia with nerve bundles in the cervical or thoracic trachea. PMID- 6510375 TI - Ability of rabbit alveolar macrophages to dissolve metals. AB - Manganese dioxide particles, 0.1-0.5 micron, were added to samples of 2-3 X 10(6) rabbit alveolar macrophages. The amount of manganese added and dissolved from the particles, over periods of 0, 1, 3, and 5 days, was determined by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Macrophages from six rabbits received about 10 micrograms of Mn, macrophages from two rabbits about 30 micrograms, and macrophages from another two rabbits about 100 micrograms. Over periods of 1, 3, and 5 days the macrophages in all three dose groups dissolved two to three times more Mn than was dissolved in control experiments. In control experiments solubility was studied in the medium without macrophages. Macrophages cultivated 3 days before the addition of MnO2 dissolved the particles within another 2 days to an extent similar to that in the control experiments. The ability of the macrophages to dissolve MnO2 particles might be related to the low pH values in the phagosomes. Studies of the ability of macrophages from various species to dissolve metal particles as well as of pH values in their phagosomes might lead to a better understanding of alveolar clearance of metal particles. PMID- 6510376 TI - Alterations in alveolar macrophages in hamsters developing pulmonary fibrosis. AB - Hamsters treated with intratracheally instilled bleomycin (0.16 U/100 g) followed by a 72-hr exposure to 70% oxygen develop a slowly progressive interstitial pneumonitis with fibrosis. Lung lavage was performed during fibrogenesis at 30, 60, and 120 days after treatment. The number of macrophages recovered was increased at all of these times. Macrophages were evaluated using flow cytometry and a monoclonal antibody specific for a surface antigen present on mature lung macrophages but deficient in younger cells. The mean density of antigenic sites per cell surface area was significantly lower than control values at the three times studied (-24.7, -20.0, and -20.9%). Thus, a significant fraction of macrophages present in this model of progressive pulmonary fibrosis are immature. The in vivo uptake of radioactive colloidal gold by the pulmonary macrophages was also determined. Thirty days after treatment, macrophage endocytosis of colloidal gold was reduced by 22% of control. The total number of harvested macrophages increased twofold, however, a change that usually increases endocytotic rates. It is concluded that macrophages are increased during fibrogenesis and that this increase is caused by a continued influx of new macrophages. In addition, the phagocytic function of these macrophages is less efficient. PMID- 6510377 TI - Heart disease mortality and morbidity in patients with epilepsy. AB - All-cause and heart disease mortality and ischemic heart disease incidence among patients with an initial diagnosis of epilepsy while residents of Rochester, MN, from 1935 through 1979 were determined. Death rates from heart disease were slightly elevated for persons with epilepsy. The increased death rate from heart disease was confined to persons less than 65 years of age. The incidence of ischemic heart disease and of sudden cardiac death as the initial manifestation of ischemic heart disease was significantly increased in persons with epilepsy, but the increase was primarily limited to those with symptomatic epilepsy attributed to cerebrovascular disease. The occurrence of ischemic heart disease and sudden cardiac death was not related to anticonvulsant medication status. PMID- 6510378 TI - Topographical analysis of the centrotemporal discharges in benign rolandic epilepsy of childhood. AB - The onset, distribution, and spread of the average of 20 centrotemporal discharges for each of 10 patients with typical benign rolandic epilepsy of childhood (BREC) were examined using a computerized topographical mapping technique. A stereotypic dipole field was present along the rolandic region in all discharges. During its most prominent phase, the negative pole of the dipole was maximum at the centrotemporal region, with the positive pole involving the bifrontal region. A hypothesis is proposed that all discharges arise from a single generator which is oriented tangential to the surface. The generator is most likely situated in the lower rolandic region where the zero potential zone exists, between the frontal positivity and the centrotemporal negativity. Identification of this dipole configuration may be useful for differentiating BREC from focal epilepsy of other etiologies. PMID- 6510379 TI - Startle-induced epileptic seizures. AB - The present study was undertaken in order to describe 16 more patients suffering from startle-induced epileptic seizures and to clarify further the possible therapeutic activity of benzodiazepines in this rare reflex epilepsy. The interictal and ictal electroclinical data of 16 epileptic children or adolescents have been detailed. A CT-scan was performed in 10 patients; six of them showed an atrophy of the mesial surface of one or both hemispheres ("mesial hypodensity"). Benzodiazepine was associated with the previous antiepileptic treatment in the 16 ineffectively treated patients. Clonazepam was administered in three patients; one of them was completely unresponsive and two became seizure-free for a mean of 16.5 months but complained of drowsiness or ataxia. Clobazam was administered in 13 patients; 15.4% of them were completely unresponsive, 23.1% experienced drug resistance, and 61.5% obtained a good control (91.5% reduction of the reflex seizures) for a mean of 22.75 months. In spite of a possible loss of therapeutic activity, the appearance of very few unfavorable side effects and the presence of favorable side effects ("psychomotor arousal") make clobazam therapy important in the treatment of patients suffering from startle epilepsy. PMID- 6510380 TI - Distribution of pyramidal cell density and hyperexcitability in the epileptic human hippocampal formation. AB - Pyramidal cell densities in various regions of the anterior and posterior hippocampal formation were measured from en bloc temporal lobe resections and compared with presurgical stereoelectroencephalography (SEEG) data derived from depth electrodes in 12 patients with temporal lobe epilepsy. These data were compared with cell densities observed in four nonepileptic control patients. Patients who consistently exhibited anterior focal changes in the SEEG accompanying onset of ictus had cell densities that were selectively reduced in the anterior hippocampal formation but normal with respect to controls in the posterior hippocampal formation. Patients who exhibited more regional changes in the SEEG at onset of ictus had reduced cell densities in both the anterior and posterior hippocampal formation. Patients who exhibited focal spike activity in the anterior hippocampal formation as their predominant interictal SEEG pattern also had selectively reduced cell densities in the anterior hippocampal formation, while patients with widespread spiking throughout the hippocampal formation had reduced cell densities both anteriorly and posteriorly. These data support the concept that epileptogenesis occurs in or near those areas of epileptic hippocampus that are most damaged. Hippocampal sclerosis must be viewed as related to adjacent hyperexcitable or epileptogenic neurons and not solely as a passive result of repeated anoxia or ischemia. PMID- 6510381 TI - Temporal lobe volumetric cell densities in temporal lobe epilepsy. AB - Volumetric cell densities in 13 different subfields of the temporal lobe were calculated to test various hypotheses about mesial and lateral temporal lobe sclerosis in patients with complex partial epilepsy. In patients benefitting (primary group) from anterior temporal lobectomy (ATL), sclerosis was greater (fewer cells) in anterior than in posterior hippocampus. By contrast, the patients lacking full benefit (nonprimary group) from ATL had decreased numbers of neurons equally distributed from anterior to posterior hippocampus, indicating that zones of mesial temporal cell loss are linked to zones of epileptogenicity. These data support a model of focal hippocampal epilepsy originating from zones of cell loss and synaptic reorganization that is epileptic. There were no differences in cell densities in gyrus hippocampi or in lateral temporal gyri when patients with temporal lobe epilepsy and controls were compared. Hippocampal cell densities in mesial temporal lobe were not reduced in psychomotor epileptic patients with extrahippocampal foci consisting of foreign tissue. Variables in seizure histories were not correlated with Ammon's horn cell densities, indicating that most of the sclerosis preceded the seizures, which did virtually no significant further damage to hippocampus with repeated partial or generalized seizures. PMID- 6510383 TI - Does seizure activity produce Purkinje cell loss? AB - Eight Wistar rats were exposed to 140 electroconvulsive seizures over 50 days. Ten rats served as controls. The density of Purkinje cells in cerebellum ranged from 15.3 to 18.5/mm in the treated rats and from 15.2 to 19.1/mm in the controls. No Purkinje cell loss was disclosed in the rats subjected to electroconvulsive seizures. Twenty-five Mongolian gerbils of the seizure susceptible strain were selected according to seizure score with five animals in each group. Five Mongolian gerbils of a seizure-resistant strain served as controls. The density of the Purkinje cells ranged from 21.4 to 29.8/mm in the seizure-susceptible animals and from 27.6 to 31.5/mm in the controls, with a lower density in the gerbils with seizures compared with the controls (p less than 0.05). There was no relation to type or number of seizures. Eight gerbils of the seizure-susceptible strain were included as a supplementary group, to disclose any possible genetic trait as an explanation of the lower Purkinje cell density. The Purkinje cell density in these animals ranged from 24.8 to 30.9/mm and did not differ from the density in the seizure-resistant gerbils. Thus the lower density of Purkinje cells in the seizure-susceptible Mongolian gerbils is a result of seizure activity. The excessive epileptic input with stimulation of the glutamatergic innervation of the Purkinje cells resulting in a persistent elevated gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) tone may explain the damage to the Purkinje cells in the gerbils and the loss of Purkinje cells found in patients with severe epilepsy. PMID- 6510382 TI - Behavioral effects of anticonvulsant prophylaxis: no effect or artifact? AB - We examined the effects that may be attributable to current use of anticonvulsants in patients with traumatic head injury. The performances of 15 head-injured matched pairs were compared on a comprehensive battery of neuropsychological and psychosocial measures 1 year post injury. The members of both groups were placed on anticonvulsants, principally phenytoin, immediately after the head injury. The members of one of the groups were still taking the drug at 1 year; the others had discontinued prior to that time. Although the results provided no evidence for appreciable side effects of anticonvulsants on formal neuropsychological or psychosocial measures, some methodological issues need to be considered in the interpretation of results and future studies of drug side effects. PMID- 6510384 TI - Interactions of the anticonvulsants diphenylhydantoin and carbamazepine with adenosine on cerebral cortical neurons. AB - Diphenylhydantoin, administered either by iontophoresis from a multibarreled pipette or intraperitoneally, prolonged the duration of adenosine-evoked depressions of the spontaneous firing of rat cerebral cortical neurons. In larger amounts, iontophoretically applied diphenylhydantoin depressed the firing of cortical neurons. The depressant actions of both adenosine and diphenylhydantoin were antagonized by caffeine (20 mg/kg). These results support a previous suggestion that diphenylhydantoin may exert its central effects by inhibiting adenosine uptake, thus potentiating the levels of extracellular adenosine. Carbamazepine failed to potentiate the actions of iontophoretically applied adenosine on cerebral cortical neurons, and at higher doses it reduced the duration of adenosine-elicited depressions. This finding is consistent with suggestions that carbamazepine may act as an antagonist at adenosine receptors. PMID- 6510385 TI - Effects of 1,1-bis(p-chlorophenyl)-2,2,2-trichloroethane (DDT) on gonadal development in the chick embryo: a histological and histochemical study. AB - Fertile white Leghorn chicken eggs were exposed via intravitelline injections to dosages of 5.0, 10.0, or 20 mg 1,1-bis(p-chlorophenyl)-2,2,2-trichloroethane (DDT) in olive oil prior to incubation. Control embryos received only the olive oil vehicle. Eggs were placed in a forced-draft incubator for either 5 or 12 days. Embryos were removed and their gonadal areas prepared for histological or histochemical evaluation. Histological examination of DDT-exposed 5-day embryos revealed no significant differences in the number of primordial germ cells aggregating in the gonadal area and in the localization of acid and alkaline phosphatase activity. Embryos exposed to DDT for 12 days revealed significant alterations in both ovaries and testes. The testes of DDT-exposed embryos consisted of mostly stroma with fewer seminiferous cords than controls while ovaries of exposed embryos contained a larger number of distended medullary cords as well as a difference in the distribution of these cords when compared to controls. There was an increased alkaline phosphatase activity in the stromal cells of female gonads. Increased amounts of alkaline phosphatase activity found in the stroma at 12 days might be due to a DDT-induced stimulation of these cells to differentiate more rapidly. Acid phosphatase activity was found in the secondary sex cords of control 12-day ovaries, but was much reduced or absent in those of pesticide-exposed embryos. These results indicate that a single dosage of DDT administered to a chick embryo prior to incubation does not affect early stages of gonadal development but that effects on both ovaries and testes occur 12 days following exposure. PMID- 6510386 TI - Interaction of Mount St. Helens' volcanic ash with cells of the respiratory epithelium. AB - Respirable-sized dust from the Mount St. Helens (MSH) eruption of Spring 1980, and minerals similar to the major components of the volcanic ash, were examined comparatively for interactions with epithelial cells of rodent respiratory airways in vitro. MSH dust, Na feldspar, cristobalite, and alpha-quartz, in concentrations of 0.4 to 40 mg/ml, had neither significant effects on mucin release by tracheal explants nor acute toxic effects after exposure for 2 hr. Long-term incubation (1 and 3 weeks) of explants after a 1-hr exposure to MSH dust failed to elicit widespread toxic or proliferative changes in airway epithelial cells. In contrast, long-term exposure to Na feldspar, cristobalite, and alpha-quartz caused significant toxicity to the explants, although metaplastic changes were not observed. Ultrastructural evidence of associations (e.g., phagocytosis) between particulates and respiratory epithelium was not observed. The results of these studies suggest that volcanic ash from MSH interacts minimally with cells of the respiratory mucosa. PMID- 6510387 TI - Interaction of cadmium chloride and gamma irradiation on blood parameters of the young adult rat. AB - Two hundred and sixteen male Sprague-Dawley (S-D) rats, 80 +/- 5 days old and weighing 220-250 g each, were assigned at random to nine groups of 24 rats each. Rats were injected with cadmium (Cd) intraperitoneally every 3 days for 29 days for a total of nine injections. Injections doses were 0, 1.0, or 2.5 mg Cd kg-1 body wt. Twenty-four hours after the last Cd injection (Day 30), each rat received an acute whole-body 60Co gamma radiation dose of 0, 3.62, or 5.43 Gray (Gy) at a dose rate of 33.04 Gy min-1. The irradiated groups exhibited significant decreases in the total number of white blood cells (WBCs) and the percentage of lymphocytes. Significant increases were seen in the percentage of polyneutrophils, serum triacylglycerols (TG), serum iron, and serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). Cd-treated groups had increased total WBCs, percentage of polyneutrophils, and serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT). Significant decreases were observed in the percentage of lymphocytes, hemoglobin, total number of red blood cells (RBCs), and hematocrit. In the co-insult, significant decreases were seen in the total number of WBCs and RBCs, the percentage of lymphocytes, hemoglobin, and hematocrit. Significant increases were observed in the percentage of polyneutrophils and serum iron. In general, Cd acted as a debilitator which enhanced the overall effect of ionizing radiation when applied as the second insult. On the other hand, Cd also provided protection against radiation; that is, some parameters such as total WBCs, serum TG, serum iron, and serum LDH were not as adversely affected by the co-insult as when radiation only was used. The mechanism of this Cd anomaly is not known. PMID- 6510388 TI - Cytokinetic and morphological changes in the lungs and lung-associated lymph nodes of rats after inhalation of fly ash. AB - Fischer-344 rats (male and female) were exposed to 36 mg/m3 of fluidized bed coal combustion fly ash or sham-exposed for 7 hr/day, 5 days/week for 4 weeks, and sacrificed after 2 or 4 weeks of exposure and at 2, 22, and 42 weeks after the end of exposure. Animals were injected with tritiated thymidine 2 hr before sacrifice and autoradiographs prepared from 1-micron sections of lung and lymph node tissue embedded in glycol methacrylate plastic. Differences in labeling indices of pulmonary epithelial cells, alveolar macrophages, airway epithelial cells, and cells of the lung-associated lymph nodes between the exposed and control animals were maximal after 2 and 4 weeks of exposure. Labeling indices for lung epithelial cells were about the same in control and exposed animals at 2, 22, and 42 weeks after the end of exposure. However, these values were elevated relative to earlier control levels. In contrast, morphological changes in the fly ash-exposed animals were most prominent after the end of the exposure. These changes included thickening of the alveolar walls, clusters of particle filled macrophages in the alveolar region, and perivascular inflammation. Additionally, there were small granulomas in the alveolar region at 42 weeks after the end of exposure. Granulomas were also formed in the lung-associated lymph nodes and and bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue. We conclude that the inhalation of fly ash alone had little detrimental effect upon the rat lung. However, the increases in proliferation indicate the potential for fly ash combined with a carcinogen to enhance the carcinogen's effect. PMID- 6510389 TI - Aggravation of exercise performance in patients with anemia by 3% carboxyhemoglobin. AB - To evaluate the effect of breathing 50 ppm carbon monoxide (CO) on exercise capacity in persons with anemia, 10 nonsmoking subjects with chronic anemia (mean hemoglobin 8.9 g%) were studied. No subject had heart or lung disease. By double blind, randomized, crossover design, duration of fatigue-limited exercise after breathing CO and purified air for 1 hr was compared. Mean carboxyhemoglobin levels increased from 2.14 to 3.38% after breathing CO and decreased from 2.15 to 1.86% after breathing purified air, P less than 0.004. Mean exercise duration decreased from 270.8 to 221.0 sec after breathing CO in contrast to an increase from 267.9 to 271.6 sec after breathing purified air, P less than 0.0001. Hence, in the absence of clinical heart or lung disease, increasing carboxyhemoglobin concentrations aggravate exercise performance in nonsmokers with chronic anemia. PMID- 6510390 TI - The amelioration of mercury-induced embryotoxic effects by simultaneous treatment with zinc. AB - Prior work has demonstrated that inorganic mercury produces a number of toxic effects in embryos when this metal is administered to pregnant hamsters subcutaneously on the eighth gestation day. Also, treatment of various pregnant animals with zinc produces little evidence of embryotoxicity. The literature reveals that the simultaneous exposure of pregnant animals to different combinations of teratogenic and nonteratogenic agents produces variable responses which can be characterized as either protective or synergistic types of interactions. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of subcutaneously injected combinations of zinc and mercury on the developing hamster embryo. The major conclusion drawn from this work is that the simultaneous maternal treatment with zinc and mercury ameliorates the harmful effects produced by treatment with mercury alone. PMID- 6510391 TI - Oxygen consumption rates of grunion (Leuresthes tenuis) embryos exposed to the petroleum hydrocarbon, benzo[a]pyrene. AB - Bioconcentration of [14C]benzo[a]pyrene and effects of unlabeled benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) accumulation on the routine oxygen consumption of embryonic grunion (Leuresthes tenuis) were studied. At Day 15, bioconcentration factors over dissolved BaP levels ranged from 249 to 466. Weight-specific respiration rates at Days 14-15 were significantly increased (P less than or equal to 0.05) at a mean BaP body burden of 0.51 ppm wet wt. Oxygen consumption rates of embryos containing 0.70 to 12.80 ppm BaP were not significantly different from control rates. Because in a previous study embryos containing 0.51 ppm BaP exhibited hatching and developmental rates similar to those of controls, their metabolic response to low-level hydrocarbon exposure may be an example of hormesis, an overcompensating metabolic regulation to inhibitory challenges. PMID- 6510392 TI - Differences between inhaled and intravenous carbachol in detecting O3-induced airway effects. AB - The response of specific lung resistance (SRL) to inhalation of 5 and 10 mg/ml carbachol was compared with the response of SRL to intravenous infusion of 2 and 5 micrograms/kg carbachol before and after a 2-day exposure to 0.5 ppm ozone (O3) in eight conscious sheep. Airway reactivity was defined as the slope of the dose response curve and airway sensitivity as the largest increase in SRL after carbachol challenge. O3 exposure did not alter mean airway reactivity or mean airway sensitivity as determined by inhalation challenge. In contrast, O3 exposure significantly increased mean airway reactivity by 34% (P less than 0.01) and mean airway sensitivity by 31% (P less than 0.01) as assessed by intravenous challenge. The failure of O3 exposure to enhance responsiveness to inhaled carbachol may have been related to decreased airway penetration of the aerosol, possibly due to mucus hypersecretion. However, O3 exposure may have had a direct effect on the airway smooth muscle, thereby explaining the increased response to infused carbachol. PMID- 6510394 TI - Sensitivity of nestling and adult starlings to dicrotophos, an organophosphate pesticide. AB - The 24-hr median lethal dose (LD50) of dicrotophos (3-hydroxy-N,N-dimethyl-cis crotonamide dimethyl phosphate) for free-living 5-day-old nestling European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris, LD50 = 4.92 mg/kg body wt) was about one-half that obtained for free-living 15-day-old nestlings (9.59 mg/kg) and captive adult males (8.37 mg/kg) and females (8.47 mg/kg). Nestlings and adults with low pretreatment body weights appeared to be more vulnerable to organophosphate (OP) exposure. Brain cholinesterase (ChE) activity was severely depressed in all birds that died (74-94%); the degree of inhibition did not vary with age or sex. Inhibition of brain ChE in 5-day-old nestlings alive 24 hr post dose (mean = 28 43%) was lower than that of 15-day-old (mean = 55-68%) and adult (mean = 55-77%) survivors. Body weights of OP-dosed birds that died were depressed an average of 20 to 46% in 5-day-olds, 7 to 20% in 15-day-olds, and 0 to 10% in adults; weight losses varied inversely with age and dosage, and directly with time to death. Average weight losses in 5- and 15-day-old survivors (mean less than or equal to 31 and 26%, respectively) varied directly with dose and exceeded comparable values for adults (mean = 3-15%). Results suggest that (1) young nestling songbirds may be nearly twice as sensitive as adults to OPs, (2) growth of nestlings may be severely depressed following OP exposure, and (3) recovery of brain ChE activity following exposure to ChE inhibitors may be more rapid in nestlings than adults. PMID- 6510393 TI - Gastrointestinal absorption of metals (51Cr, 65Zn, 95mTc, 109Cd, 113Sn, 147Pm, and 238Pu) by rats and swine. AB - Adult and neonatal rats and neonatal pigs were gavaged with solutions of metal radionuclides to determine gastrointestinal absorption. Zinc-65 and technetium 95m were well-absorbed by both age groups; chromium-51, cadmium-109, tin-113, promethium-147, and plutonium-238 were not. The quantities of the poorly absorbed metals that were absorbed by neonates were between 4 and 100 times higher than those absorbed by adult rats. Autoradiograms prepared from the entire small intestine of the neonatal rat showed that 109Cd was retained in the duodenum. In contrast, measurements in the piglets showed much higher 109Cd retention in the ileum than in the duodenum. Autoradiograms and radiochemical measurements of 147Pm and 238Pu in both neonatal rats and swine showed the highest level of retention in the ileum. The results indicate that, for most of the metals studied, absorption from the gastrointestinal tract is substantially higher for neonatal than for adult rats. PMID- 6510395 TI - Cadmium/zinc relationships in kidney cortex and metallothionein of horse and red deer: histopathological observations on horse kidneys. AB - Cadmium and zinc were determined in kidney cortex of 63 horses and 51 red deer (Cervus elaphus). Cadmium and zinc were also determined in protein fractions obtained by Sephadex chromatography of kidney cortex from 10 horses and 4 red deer. Histopathological parameters in kidney cortex of horses were compared to cadmium content. The metal contents (on wet weight basis) in kidney cortex of the horses were 0.31 +/- 0.22 mmole Cd/kg (range 0.03-1.21) and 0.63 +/- 0.17 mmole Zn/kg (range 0.36-1.23). The Zn content increased with the Cd content, the Zn increase being less at higher concentrations. No significant increase of the Cd content with age of the horses (range 2-19 years) was found. The metal contents in kidney cortex of the red deer were 0.030 +/- 0.031 mmole Cd/kg (range 0.002 0.13) and 0.51 +/- 0.37 mmole Zn/kg (range 0.30-2.82). Here the Zn content did not increase significantly with Cd content, and in this case a positive linear relation of Cd content with age of the deer (range 0-11 years) was observed. The molar Zn/Cd ratio in the metallothionein fractions of horse kidney cortex was less variable at higher Cd contents. All Cd and the increase of Zn above an average basal level of 0.36 mmole Zn/kg was recovered in the metallothionein fractions. No gross histopathological changes could be observed in kidney cortex of the horses. Nevertheless a slight increase of the thickness of the basement membrane of Bowman's Capsule and also of the diameter of Bowman's Capsule in relation to Cd content up to 0.3 mmole/kg could be observed. PMID- 6510396 TI - Effects of dietary phytic acid on lead and cadmium uptake and depletion in rats. AB - Rats were given a semipurified diet supplemented with phytate (10 g/kg) or calcium (6 g/kg) and lead (200 mg/kg) or cadmium (5 mg/kg) for 4 weeks. Addition of phytate or calcium reduced the accumulation of lead in bone (P less than 0.001) and in blood and liver samples (P greater than 0.05). The greatest inhibition of tissue lead retention was evident when phytate and calcium were fed together. Cadmium accumulation was measured in the liver and kidney and was increased (P less than 0.05) by the addition of calcium. Phytate inhibited the increase in tissue cadmium promoted by calcium supplementation but did not otherwise influence tissue cadmium levels. In a further experiment, weanling rats were given diets supplemented with cadmium (5 mg/kg) or lead (200 mg/kg) for 4 weeks, and the accumulation of these elements in the body tissues was estimated in some animals. A phytate-supplemented (10 g/kg) or phytate-free semipurified diet (free of lead and cadmium) was then given to the remaining rats for 4 weeks. Phytate supplementation was found to have no significant effect on the rate of loss of lead or cadmium from tissues. PMID- 6510398 TI - The influence of amosite asbestos exposure on lung permeability. AB - The effect of amosite asbestos on permeability of the blood/air barrier in the lung was studied using an acute animal model. The ultrastructural tracer selected for the study was horseradish peroxidase which was given intravenously in animals that had been exposed intratracheally to asbestos. The acute period of study was either 1/2, 1, 2, 3, or 4 hr, or 1-7 or 14 days postexposure. The barrier in the normal lung was at the level of the alveolar epithelial lining. Leakage of exudate and tracer occurred through the altered barriers following asbestos exposure and the extent of leakage related directly to the degree of alveolitis and the asbestos present in the area. A trend toward recovery of the barrier occurred with the reestablishment of a more normal-appearing epithelial lining during the second week postexposure. PMID- 6510397 TI - Effect of short-term exposure to O3 on antibody response in mice. AB - The effect of short-term exposure to ozone (O3) on antibody response in mice was investigated. BALB/c mice were continuously exposed to 0.4 and 0.8 ppm O3 for 1, 3, 7, and 14 days. Lung weights increased significantly after 3, 7, and 14 days O3 exposure. Spleen weights of mice exposed for 1 and 3 days were decreased compared to those of controls. However, exposure for 7 and 14 days showed no alterations in spleen weight. In the thymus, all O3 exposures markedly decreased its weights. Primary antibody response to sheep red blood cells (SRBC) in the spleens of mice exposed to 0.8 ppm O3 was suppressed in all exposure periods. However, no suppression was observed in primary antibody response to DNP-Ficoll of exposed spleens. These results suggest that the impairment of T-lymphocyte function in spleen and thymus was induced by short-term exposure to 0.8 ppm O3. PMID- 6510399 TI - Comparative study of effect of acute administration of cadmium and silver on ceruloplasmin and metallothionein: involvement of disposition of copper, iron, and zinc. AB - Male ICR mice were subcutaneously injected with either aqueous Ag (1.5 or 5.0 mg/kg) or Cd (1.5 or 2.5 mg/kg) for 2 consecutive days. Body fluids and livers were collected 24 hr after the second dose. In the hepatic supernatant, Ag and Cd were recovered at 2 and 36-46% of the total dose, respectively. Ag metallothionein (MT), which is associated with Ag, Cu, and Zn, and Cd-MT, which is associated with Cd, Cu, and Zn, were induced in the liver by the injection of Ag and Cd, respectively. The supernatant Ag and Cd existed in the MT fraction at 34-61 and 97% levels, respectively. Cu concentration in the hepatic supernatant was increased by the Ag and Cd injections. The increased Cu was due to the appearance of Ag-MT and Cd-MT, respectively. Microsomal concentrations of Cu increased in the Cd groups, but decreased in the Ag groups. Serum ceruloplasmin (Cp) activity was remarkably increased by the injection of Cd, but severely decreased by the injection of Ag. These opposing changes in Cp activity induced by Cd and Ag may be due not to the sequestering of Cu in MT, but to the alteration of microsomal Cu concentration and/or the difference in affinity of the induction metals to MT. Hepatic Fe concentration was increased by the Ag injection, but was decreased by the Cd injection. These changes may not be related to induction of MT, but to Cp synthesis in the liver. PMID- 6510400 TI - Subcutaneous kerosene toxicity in albino rats. AB - Biochemical, histopathological, and hematological parameters were studied in male Wistar rats after repeated subcutaneous administration of commercial kerosene (0.5 ml/kg body wt, 6 days a week) for a period of 35 days. At necropsy, treatment-related increases in the weights of liver, spleen, and peripheral lymph nodes were noted. Correspondingly, there was an increase in DNA, RNA, protein, and lipid contents of liver and spleen. Histopathological examination of liver, spleen, thymus, kidney, adrenal, and lymph nodes revealed treatment-related lesions. Similarly, biochemical indices studied in liver revealed an increase in alkaline phosphatase and a decrease in benzo[a]pyrene hydroxylase levels. Furthermore serum cholinesterase, carboxylesterase, and albumin levels were significantly diminished while serum alkaline phosphatase levels were found to be greatly enhanced. The findings might be related as the likely systemic effects in workers upon percutaneous kerosene exposure during work. PMID- 6510401 TI - Effects of hypophysectomy on tissue alkaline phosphatase in the rat. AB - To examine the effect of hypophysectomy on tissue alkaline phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.1) activity, studies were performed on mature rats. Hypophysectomy reduced the alkaline phosphatase activity in duodenum, kidney, and femoral bone. The decrease of alkaline phosphatase was greater in the intestine than in other organs studied. Intestinal alkaline phosphatase fell rapidly within 4 days post hypophysectomy. In contrast, bone and kidney alkaline phosphatase activity had an initial lag period for 4 days after the hypophysectomy. Serum alkaline phosphatase also declined after hypophysectomy. The bone isoenzyme of serum alkaline phosphatase was reduced to a greater extent than the intestinal isoenzyme. PMID- 6510403 TI - Aldehyde dehydrogenase isozymes in stomach autopsy specimens from Germans and Chinese. AB - Human stomach aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) isozymes were screened in random autopsy specimens from 66 North German and 33 Chinese individuals. Three ALDH isozymes were identified, which differed in their electrophoretic mobility, affinity to acetaldehyde, propionaldehyde, furfural, and to NAD+ as coenzyme as well as in inhibition by disulfiram, pH optimum and heat stability. While all the German stomach specimens showed ALDH I, ALDH II, and ALDH III isozymes, these isozymes were found in 68, 88, and 99% of the Chinese samples, respectively. The electrophoretic resolution of ALDH III into different activity bands is apparently due to the artefactual formation of secondary isozymes rather than to the existence of genetic variants. PMID- 6510402 TI - Studies on the selective chemical inhibition by urea of alkaline phosphatase isoenzymes in the reaction course. AB - Urea inhibits the activity of alkaline phosphatase during the reaction course. The inactivation is progressively stronger for the placental, intestinal and renal subforms. Influence of reaction temperature, pH, type and molarity of buffer, magnesium chloride, albumin and enzyme concentration on the inactivation mechanism is evaluated. In all experimental conditions the process follows pseudofirst-order kinetics and the inactivation profiles are distinct and typical for each enzymatic subform. With a simple graphical analysis, a single inactivation curve in controlled experimental conditions, allows the identification of each isoenzyme from the slope and the calculation of the respective fractional amount from the intercept of the time-activity plot. PMID- 6510404 TI - Red cell pyruvate kinase in acute leukemia. AB - The red cell pyruvate kinase (PK) activity, KM for phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) and adenosine diphosphate (ADP), and thermostability properties were studied in patients with acute leukemias. The acquired PK defect was found in patients with acute myeloid leukemia, while it was normal in acute non-myeloid leukemia enzyme kinetic tests. PK abnormality was expressed in 17 patients as deficient PK activity, in 15 patients as decreased enzyme thermostability, and in 11 patients as altered PK affinity for ADP. PMID- 6510405 TI - Competitive inhibition of human mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase by Cibacron Blue F3GA. AB - Cibacron Blue F3GA, the chromophore of blue dextran, was tested at 4-16 mumol/l for possible inhibition of NADH dehydrogenase activity when added to mitochondrial preparations from cultured human skin fibroblasts. The free dye was shown to be a competitive inhibitor for NADH in the oxidation of NADH catalyzed by the mitochondrial enzyme. The Ki (5.8 mumol/l) for Cibacron Blue F3GA was considerably lower than the Michaelis constant (Km) found for NADH substrate (13.2-16.1 mumol/l), indicating a strong binding of the dye to the substrate binding site of the enzyme. This is the first report of the competitive inhibition by Cibacron Blue F3GA of mitochondrial NADH in any species. PMID- 6510406 TI - On the measurement of pilot perceptual workload: a comparison of assessment techniques addressing sensitivity and intrusion issues. PMID- 6510407 TI - Visual accommodation changes in VDU-operators related to environmental lighting and screen quality. PMID- 6510408 TI - Effect of laterality on the contractile properties of human leg and hand muscles. PMID- 6510409 TI - Xenopus hsp 70 genes are constitutively expressed in injected oocytes. AB - Xenopus heat-shock genes are transiently heat-inducible in somatic cells, but they are also subject to a long-term developmental control in oogenesis and early embryogenesis. In order to understand whether different genes or different promoter elements are involved in the two types of control, several genomic clones coding for Xenopus heat-shock proteins, hsp 70 and hsp 30, were isolated, characterised and tested for expression in oocytes and COS cells. Three isolated hsp 70 genes are nearly identical in their promoter and mRNA leader sequences, indicating that there is only one type of hsp 70 gene. These promoters contain a consensus sequence element (CT-GAA--TTC-AG) upstream of the TATA-box, which is presumably required for their transient heat-inducibility. The two isolated hsp 30 genes show 5'-flanking sequences similar to each other, except that one of them shows a homology disruption precisely around the consensus sequence element. The same gene contains a frameshift mutation in the protein coding part and, since it cannot be expressed after introduction into oocytes or COS cells, it is probably a pseudogene. The other hsp 30 gene is strongly heat-inducible in injected oocytes or transfected COS cells. In contrast, the hsp 70 genes are strongly heat-inducible in COS cells, but their expression is highly efficient in injected oocytes at the normal temperature and is not increased during heat shock. This represents correct cell type-specific regulation of a cloned reintroduced gene, since the endogenous hsp 70 genes are constitutively activated during oogenesis, leading to the accumulation of stored hsp 70 mRNA in oocytes. PMID- 6510410 TI - A defined structure of the 30 nm chromatin fibre which accommodates different nucleosomal repeat lengths. AB - Earlier work on the condensation of chromatins of different repeat lengths into the 30 nm fibre has been surveyed and it is shown that the external geometry of the fibre must be the same for all the chromatins. This can only be fitted by a helical coiling of nucleosomes into a solenoid with the linker DNA disposed internally. On this basis, various models were calculated and compared with published electric dichroism data. The only good fit is found with a 'reverse loop' model, where the linker DNA forms a complete turn into the hole of the solenoid, of opposite hand to the nucleosomal DNA superhelix. This gives a topological linking number of one per nucleosome and would resolve the 'linking number paradox' if the DNA screw is the same in chromatin as in solution. The feasibility of a reverse-loop for short linkers (down to 15 base pairs) was investigated by model building and kinks of approximately 120 degrees into both DNA grooves are described, which will allow such packing. There will, however, be a 'forbidden' range for the linker DNA length, between approximately 1 and 14 bp, corresponding to nucleosomal repeats of 163 and 176 bp. PMID- 6510412 TI - The amino-acid sequence of copper/zinc superoxide dismutase from swordfish liver. Comparison of copper/zinc superoxide dismutase sequences. AB - The amino acid sequence of copper/zinc superoxide dismutase from swordfish (Xiphias gladius) liver has been determined by alignment of the tryptic peptides according to the known sequence of bovine erythrocyte copper/zinc superoxide dismutase. This alignment has resulted in the ligands to the copper (His-47, 49, 76 and 94) and the zinc (His-76, 85, 134 and Asp-97) being conserved in all the copper/zinc superoxide dismutases sequenced so far. Also conserved in the sequences are the cysteines forming the intrachain disulphide bridge (Cys-58 and 160) and the essential arginine (Arg-157). Comparison of the amino acid sequence of swordfish liver copper/zinc superoxide dismutase with the bovine, human, horse, yeast and Photobacterium leiognathi indicates that the swordfish enzyme has a high homology with the other eukaryotic enzymes. Low homology is, however, observed with the P. leiognathi enzyme. PMID- 6510411 TI - Unshadowed myosin molecules: STEM mass-maps of myosin heads. AB - Myosin molecules were directly visualized without heavy metal shadowing by scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) under low dose conditions. The general appearance and dimensions of heavy metal-free molecules were similar to those of shadowed myosin, either after freeze-drying without or air-drying with glycerol. Two characteristic configurations of myosin head regions were found, a first type showing two pear-shaped heads with narrow necks and a second type showing two heads connected by an extra mass in the central regulatory domain where the light chains are located. The mass of the latter type (mol. wt. = 265 +/- 39 kd) is in excellent accordance with biochemical data whereas the mass of the first type is somewhat lower (mol. wt. 219 +/- 44 kd). PMID- 6510413 TI - Effects of glucagon, dexamethasone and triiodothyronine on phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (GTP) synthesis and mRNA level in rat liver cells. AB - Acute hormonal effects on the synthesis rate of the cytosolic form of the gluconeogenic enzyme, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (GTP), were investigated using rat hepatocytes maintained in short-term suspension culture. Cells were pulse-labeled with [3H]leucine or [35S]methionine and the rate of synthesis of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase was estimated after immunoprecipitation of cell extracts with specific antibodies or following high-resolution two-dimensional gel electrophoresis of cell proteins. Total RNA was also extracted from cultured cells and subsequently translated in a wheat germ cell-free protein-synthesis system, in order to quantify the level of functional mRNA coding for phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase. Glucagon, the single most effective inducer, causes a 15--20-fold increase in the level of specific mRNA in 2 h, accompanied by a similar increase in enzyme synthesis rate. The extent of induction is further amplified about threefold when dexamethasone is added to the culture medium. The synergistic action of dexamethasone does not require pre-exposure of the cells to the glucocorticoid, but on the contrary occurs without lag upon simultaneous addition of glucagon and dexamethasone. The induction of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase mRNA by glucagon is markedly depressed in hepatocytes inhibited for protein synthesis by cycloheximide. Cycloheximide inhibited cells, however, display a considerable induction of the message after joint stimulation with dexamethasone and glucagon. Thus, the synergistic action of dexamethasone does not require concomitant protein synthesis. These data provide indirect evidence for a primary effect of the glucocorticoids on the expression of the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase gene. Besides glucagon and dexamethasone, the thyroid hormones are shown to influence the rate of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase synthesis in isolated liver cells. The stimulatory effect of 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T3) is best demonstrated as a twofold increase in relative rate of enzyme synthesis in cells supplied with T3 plus glucagon, as compared to cells challenged with glucagon alone. The effect of T3 relies on a pretranslational mechanism, as shown by a commensurate increase in functional mRNA coding for phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase. Dose-response experiments with T3 as well as dexamethasone demonstrate effects at very low hormone levels, consistent with a role for these hormones as physiological modulators of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase expression. PMID- 6510414 TI - Structural studies on the lipid A component of enterobacterial lipopolysaccharides by laser desorption mass spectrometry. Location of acyl groups at the lipid A backbone. AB - In the present paper laser desorption mass spectrometry (LDMS) was applied to dephosphorylated free lipid A preparations obtained from lipopolysaccharides of Re mutants of Salmonella minnesota, Escherichia coli and Proteus mirabilis. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the location of (R)-3-hydroxytetradecanoic acid and 3-O-acylated (R)-3-hydroxytetradecanoic acid residues which are bound to amino and hydroxyl groups of the glucosamine disaccharide backbone of lipid A. Based on the previous finding from biochemical analyses that the amino group of the nonreducing glucosamine residue (GlcN II) of the backbone carries, in S. minnesota and E. coli, 3-dodecanoyloxytetradecanoic acid and, in P. mirabilis, 3 tetradecanoyloxytetradecanoic acid, a self-consistent interpretation of the LDMS was possible. It was found that: (a) in all three lipids A GlcN II is, besides the amide-linked 3-acyloxyacyl residue, substituted by ester-linked 3 tetradecanoyloxytetradecanoic acid; (b) the reducing glucosamine (GlcN I) is substituted by ester-linked 3-hydroxytetradecanoic acid; (c) the amino group of GlcN I carries a 3-hydroxytetradecanoic acid which is non-acylated in E. coli and which is partially acylated by hexadecanoic acid in S. minnesota and P. mirabilis. In lipids A which were obtained from the P. mirabilis Re mutant grown at low temperature (12 degrees C) LDMS analysis revealed that specifically the one fatty acid bound to the 3-hydroxyl group of amide-linked 3-hydroxytetra decanoic acid at GlcN II is positionally replaced by delta 9-hexadecenoic acid (palmitoleic acid). It appears, therefore, that enterobacterial lipids A resemble each other in that the 3-hydroxyl groups of the two 3-hydroxytetradecanoic acid residues linked to GlcN II are fully acylated, while those of the two 3 hydroxytetradecanoic acid groups attached to GlcN I are free or only partially substituted. PMID- 6510415 TI - Purification and structures of branched blood-group-B-active glycosphingolipids from human erythrocyte membranes. AB - Three different variants of complex, branched, highly blood-group-B-active glycosphingolipids (B-III, B-IV, and B-V) have been isolated from human erythrocytes by means of partition of their membranes in n-butanol/phosphate buffer, subsequent removal of nonpolar lipids and proteins by several steps of phase distribution, acetone or sodium acetate precipitation, peracetylation and repeated fractionation of all crude extracts by silicic acid and ion exchange column chromatography. Finally, peracetylated B-glycolipid fractions were purified to homogeneity by preparative silica gel high-performance thin-layer chromatography. Their structures were elucidated by gas chromatographical sugar analysis, by combined gas chromatography/mass spectrometry of partially methylated alditol acetates for the identification of glycosidic linkages, and by fast atom bombardment and electron impact mass spectrometry of the undegraded, permethylated substances in order to establish the molecular mass, sugar sequence, type of oligosaccharide chain, position of hexosyl branching points, number of N-acetyllatosamine units, as well as sphingosine and fatty acid patterns of the ceramide residues. 360-MHz 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy in (2H)dimethylsulfoxide of deuterium-exchanged native B-III and B IV identified all carbohydrate components, their sites of attachment, the anomeric nature of their glycosidic linkages and the sequential arrangement within the oligosaccharide chain. Furthermore, it established the nature of branching points within the carbohydrate sequence, and assigned the different typical saccharide branches to either the position 2 versus 3, or position 3 versus 6 of the 2,3-disubstituted or 3,6-disubstituted galactoses. The nature of the anomeric linkages and branching points of B-V was based upon the series of NMR data obtained from the B-I--B-IV analogues. All results thus establish the following structures: (formula; see text) PMID- 6510416 TI - Linear free-energy relationships in binding of oxygen and carbon monoxide with heme model compounds and heme proteins. AB - For almost a decade heme model compounds have been designed to test the influence of proximal base restraint or of distal steric hindrance upon the ligand affinity of hemoglobins. Despite the variety of molecular structures which have been successively proposed, the evaluation of the reported data is rendered difficult because of the small number of examples available within each series. In this paper we report on the kinetics of binding of oxygen and carbon monoxide with a series of nine closely related heme models. The 'basket-handle porphyrins' allow one to modify the constraints exerted upon a chelated proximal base as well as the chemical environment of the distal side of the heme. One salient feature of these models is the possibility of introducing a hydrogen-bond stabilization of the oxygen by incorporating an amide group in the vicinity of the iron centre. The structural changes among models are sufficiently 'soft' to cause an almost continuous variation of the binding constants and rate parameters. The latter are found to obey a definite linear free energy relationship which proves that the series is homogenous from a thermodynamic viewpoint. This suggests an alternative way for comparing the trends in ligand binding in different heme model families with those of heme proteins, which is developed in the discussion using literature data. PMID- 6510417 TI - Regulation of bovine kidney branched-chain 2-oxoacid dehydrogenase complex by reversible phosphorylation. AB - Bovine kidney mitochondrial branched-chain 2-oxoacid dehydrogenase complex is inactivated by covalent phosphorylation catalysed by a specific protein kinase intrinsic to the complex. It has been shown previously [Cook, K.G., Lawson, R. and Yeaman, S.J. (1983) FEBS Lett. 157, 59-62] that tryptic digestion of phosphorylated complex releases three phosphopeptides, indicative of multisite phosphorylation. In this communication we report several findings. (a) These three tryptic peptides contain only two sites of phosphorylation which are closely grouped on the alpha subunit of the E1 component of the complex. (b) The amino acid sequence of the phosphorylated region has been determined. (c) Conditions have been developed which allow investigation of the phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of the two sites. (d) Both sites can be dephosphorylated at significant rates in vitro by two cytosolic protein phosphatases, namely phosphatases 2A and 2C. Dephosphorylation of one site correlates closely with re activation of the complex. PMID- 6510418 TI - An improved synthesis of crystalline mammalian glucagon. AB - Mammalian glucagon was synthesized by the stepwise solid-phase method using several improvements developed in recent years. Peptide was assembled on a 4 (oxymethyl)phenylacetamidomethyl-copoly(styrene-divinyl benzene) resin support with N alpha-t-butoxycarbonyl and benzyl-based side-chain protection for most of the trifunctional amino acids. Crude synthetic glucagon was obtained in 75% yield by deprotection and cleavage from the resin with a new modified HF procedure. Pure material was isolated in 48% overall yield by a one-step purification on preparative C18 reverse-phase chromatography. It was crystallized from aqueous solution at pH 9.2. The synthetic glucagon activated adenylate cyclase in rat liver membranes in the same manner as natural glucagon, with both achieving half maximum activation at a concentration of 7 nM. PMID- 6510419 TI - Flavobacterium heparinum 2-O-sulphatase for 2-O-sulphato-delta 4,5-glycuronate terminated oligosaccharides from heparin. AB - The glycosulphatase which hydrolyses the 2-O-sulphate of the disaccharide, 4 deoxy-2-O-sulphato-alpha-L-threohex-4-enopyranosyl uronic acid-(1----4)-2-deoxy-2 sulphamido-6-O-sulphato-D-glucose (delta UA-2S----GlcNS-6S), has been isolated from the soluble fraction of disrupted Flavobacterium heparinum. The activity was purified 3300-fold by chromatography on CM-Sepharose CL-6B, hydroxyapatite, taurine-Sepharose CL-4B and blue-Sepharose CL-6B. From sodium dodecylsulphate/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, the enzyme was homogeneous and of 62000 Mr. A novel assay was devised using the de-N-sulphonated [1 3H]alditol, 4-deoxy-2-O-sulphato-alpha-L-threo-hex-4-enopyranosyl uronic acid-(1- --4)-2-amino-2-deoxy-6-O-sulphato-D-[1-3H]glucitol (delta UA-2S----[1-3H]GlcNH2 ol-6S). This alditol was shown by 13C-NMR to be desulphated in the analogous manner to the original reducing trisulphated disaccharide. The purified 2-O sulphatase was completely free of heparinase I, heparinase II (heparitinase), chondroitinases AC, chondroitinase B, the delta 4,5-glycuronidase for heparin delta 4,5-disaccharides, the 6-O-sulphatase and the 2-sulphamidase. It was optimally active over the range pH 5.5-6.5 and was practically unaffected by Na, K, Ca or Mg ions. Inorganic phosphate inhibited the activity. The Km value for the alditol substrate was 1.22 mmol dm-3. Using 13C-NMR, the 2-O-sulphatase was found to hydrolyse the analogous esters of higher delta 4,5-oligosaccharides from heparin. This contrasts with the findings of other authors [Dietrich, C. P., Silva, M. E., and Michelacci, Y. M. (1973) J. Biol. Chem. 248, 6408-6415]. PMID- 6510420 TI - Human lactotransferrin: amino acid sequence and structural comparisons with other transferrins. AB - The complete amino acid sequence (703 amino acid residues) of human lactotransferrin has been determined. The location of the disulfide bridges has also been investigated. Computer analysis established internal homology of the two domains (residues 1-338 and residues 339-703). Each domain contains a single iron-binding site and a single glycosylation site (asparagine residues 137 and 490) located in homologous positions. Prediction of the secondary structure of the two homologous moieties of human lactotransferrin has also been performed. The present results allowed a series of comparisons to be made with human serum transferrin and hen ovotransferrin. PMID- 6510421 TI - Comparison of measurement of effective renal plasma flow by single plasma sample and plasma disappearance slope/volume methods. AB - Numerous simplified methods for the estimation of ERPF have described, including the so-called slope/intercept (SI) methods, based on the analysis of the slope of certain segments of the 131I-OIH plasma disappearance curve and its y-axis intercept, and the single sample (SS) clearance method, based on theoretical volumes of OIH distribution at some fixed time after injection. Using ERPFs estimated from compartment analysis of the entire 60-min plasma disappearance curve, we have compared the errors of data calculated from use of eight SI methods made at various times along the disappearance curve with that from the optimum SS curve. The errors obtained from the SS method were approximately 50% less than those obtained from the SI methods. The errors of the SI methods are greater at both ends of the 60-min plasma curve than when samples are drawn near the mid-time. The SS method appears to be the method of choice for the estimation of ERPF using single injection techniques. PMID- 6510422 TI - Uptake of colloids by bone is dependent on bone blood flow. AB - In rat the uptake of colloids by the femur and tibia is dependent on bone plasma flow even if other factors modulate the relationship. We warn Nuclear Medicine scientists against the use of colloid uptake measurement as a marker of the bone macrophagic population, especially in situations associated with modified bone plasma flow. PMID- 6510423 TI - Effect of pretreatment with carbimazole on early outcome following radio-iodine (131I) therapy. AB - Of a group of 55 thyrotoxic patients given therapeutic radio-iodine (131I), 24 were made euthyroid with carbimazole before 131I: the remainder were given 131I alone. Carbimazole was discontinued 5 days before 131I was administered. By 3 months after 131I treatment there was a greater incidence of hypothyroidism in the group given 131I alone (42% vs 25%), but a lower incidence of persistent thyrotoxicosis (16% vs 46%), (P less than 0.05). One year after treatment a similar proportion of each group had persistent thyrotoxicosis (21% vs 23%), but there remained a lower incidence of hypothyroidism in the group pretreated with carbimazole (25% vs 45%). It is suggested that pretreatment with carbimazole reduces the degree of radiation induced thyroid damage. PMID- 6510424 TI - Early auditory evoked potentials: developmental aspects and validity in neuropaediatric and audiologic disorders. AB - Auditory evoked potentials and in this context especially five waves in the first 10 ms (early auditory evoked potentials = EAEP) are a diagnostic aid in topodiagnosis of posterior fossa diseases. This is due to waves I to V which arise along the acoustic nerve and in brain stem structures such as medulla, pons and mid-brain. Besides an indication about the site of a lesion in the posterior fossa, wave V allows an objective threshold determination. The present results were gained in normal children aged 1-3 years and in children with neuropaediatric and audiologic disorders. PMID- 6510425 TI - Finnish national screening for hypothyroidism. Few false positives, early therapy. AB - National cord blood screening for congenital hypothyroidism has operated in Finland with complete coverage since 1980. A low frequency of false positives, 0.08%, was achieved by supplementing the TSH screen with a T4 determination in borderline samples. Among 175188 infants the incidence of (unconfirmed) hypothyroidism was 1/2637. The median age at start of therapy was 6 days. The programme imposed a 2-3 week therapy on the false positive cases. This did not appear to cause any adverse effects. A mechanism for masking congenital hypothyroidism was observed: two athyroid infants were euthyroid at birth because of feto-fetal transfusion. PMID- 6510426 TI - Reference values for urinary calcium excretion and screening for hypercalciuria in children and adolescents. AB - Hypercalciuria is of continuing interest as one of the risk factors for stone disease in children, but the definition, incidence and pathogenesis are controversial. Therefore reference values for the urinary calcium/creatinine (Ca/Cr) ratios were established in 564 healthy children aged 6-17.9 years during the fasting state (09.00 h) and in 236 of them also in the post-absorptive state about 2 h after lunch (14.00-16.00 h). The Ca/Cr ratios in both urine specimens were independent of age and sex, rendering it possible to determine a common normal range and to calculate centiles for Ca excretion in a large sample of healthy children and adolescents. To provide information about the incidence of hypercalciuria the Ca/Cr ratios of 1013 other apparently healthy children aged 6 17.9 years were measured during the post-absorptive state on two consecutive days. In 39 (3.8%) of them, 21 girls, and 18 boys, the Ca excretion was elevated in both urine specimens. Thirty-six of these children, all presenting without renal complaints, underwent further investigations to elucidate the possible mechanisms of the hypercalciuria. On the basis of the Ca/Cr concentration during the fasting state and the calciuric response to a standardised oral Ca tolerance test the children were subclassified into three groups: (1) Absorptive hypercalciuria (AH, n = 12): Increased calciuric response to the Ca load, but normal fasting Ca/Cr; (2) Renal hypercalciuria (RH, n = 8): Increased Ca/Cr after Ca load and during the fasting state; (3) Normal Ca excretion during the fasting state and after the Ca tolerance test, but increased sodium excretion (dietary hypercalciuria, DH, n = 16).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6510427 TI - The effect of a glucose polymer mixture (caloreen) on stool composition in normal neonates. AB - Stool composition was studied in 10 newborn infants following (a) a modified milk formula (Cow & Gate Premium) and (b) a high energy formula [104 kcal (435 kJ) per 100 ml] in which the additional energy was provided in the form of 10 per cent Caloreen. The only significant difference in stool composition in the Caloreen fed babies was a lower sodium concentration. The results suggest that the high energy diet did not produce diarrhoea or other changes in the stool composition which might have an adverse effect on the infant. PMID- 6510428 TI - Biliary lipid metabolism in children with chronic intrahepatic cholestasis. AB - Biliary lipid composition, standard liver function tests, serum lipids and faecal fat excretion were studied in 15 children with chronic intrahepatic cholestasis (severe intrahepatic cholestasis, n = 6; paucity of intralobular bile ducts, n = 4; benign recurrent cholestasis, n = 5) and compared to 15 children without gastrointestinal diseases. Severe and benign intrahepatic cholestasis were associated with normal or moderately elevated serum lipids. Biliary lipid concentrations were extremely reduced, bile acid concentrations were below the critical micellar concentration. This may account for the high incidence of gallstone formation in these patients. Remission periods in patients with benign recurrent cholestasis were not followed by complete normalisation of biliary lipid concentrations, indicating a primary defect in hepatic excretory function. Children with paucity of intralobular bile ducts showed markedly increased serum lipids, but only a two-fold reduction in biliary lipid concentrations. Cholic acid was the predominant bile acid in bile of all cholestatic children even during remission. Neither increased levels of monohydroxy bile acids nor unusual bile acids could be identified in notable amounts. PMID- 6510429 TI - Effects of phenobarbital on biliary lipid metabolism in children with chronic intrahepatic cholestasis. AB - The effects of phenobarbital (5.4-7.5 mg/kg body weight) for 14 days were studied in four children with severe intrahepatic cholestasis (group I) and in four with a syndromatic type of paucity of intralobular bile ducts (group II). Phenobarbital administration resulted in a moderate improvement of pruritus in all patients. There was a significant decrease of bilirubin in serum (group I: from 4.8 to 2.7 mg/dl; group II: from 6.1 to 2.1 mg/dl); total bile acids (group I: from 416 to 337 mumol/l; group II: from 156 to 123 mumol/l) and cholesterol (group I: from 248 to 207 mg/dl; group II: from 351 to 292 mg/dl). Alkaline phosphatase activity increased from 929 to 1126 U/l in group I and from 1751 to 2360 U/l in group II. SGOT and SGPT activities remained unchanged in both groups. In group I total biliary lipid concentration and bile acid output increased from 0.09 to 0.17 g/dl and from 3.9 to 7.2 mumol/kg per 30 min, respectively. Molar percentages of cholesterol, phospholipids and bile acids in bile remained unchanged. In group II total lipid concentrations and bile acid output increased from 1.62 to 2.0 g/dl and from 27.8 to 39.1 mumol/kg per 30 min, respectively. The molar percentage of cholesterol decreased from 5.6 to 3.5 mol%. The present results indicate that short term administration of phenobarbital has only minimal effects on biliary lipid metabolism in children with chronic intrahepatic cholestasis. PMID- 6510430 TI - The calorie intake and weight gain of low birth weight infants fed on fresh breast milk or a special formula milk. AB - The calorie intake and weight gain of 24 low birth weight (LBW) infants, less than 33 weeks gestation and less than 1500 g birth weight, was studied prospectively. Fourteen infants were fed on a commercially available LBW formula milk and ten were fed on their own mother's fresh unpasteurised expressed breast milk (EBM). The difference between the two feeding groups in the intake of milk and calories was not significant, but from the third week onwards those fed on the LBW formula gained weight faster. The mean (+/- SEM) weight increments for weeks 3-6 (inclusive) for LBW formula and EBM fed infants was 189.3 (+/- 7.9) and 139.6 (+/- 11.1) g/wk respectively (P less than 0.001). The LBW formula was well tolerated and is a suitable feed for LBW infants. However some babies thrived well on fresh EBM and so we are continuing to encourage mothers who wish, to breast feed their own preterm infants. When such infants fail to thrive it is appropriate to supplement with a LBW formula. PMID- 6510431 TI - Genetic counselling in cystic fibrosis. Results of a survey of 572 families. AB - In a survey by questionnaire of 572 families with one or more children affected with cystic fibrosis 72% were found to have received genetic counselling. The mode of inheritance was correctly known by only 45% and either not known or incorrectly known by the others. About 75% expressed the wish for more information on the genetics of cystic fibrosis. The data indicate that genetic counselling in cystic fibrosis is not given or is ineffective in a high proportion of families. It is suggested that genetic counselling, backed up by a written resume should be a regular part of the management of families with this disease. The genetic data are consistent with autosomal recessive inheritance at a single locus. PMID- 6510432 TI - Long-term neurological sequelae in achondroplasia. AB - Two children with achondroplasia and neurologic sequelae secondary to foramen magnum compression were found to have syringomyelia. In one patient, the cyst was associated with a subependymal glioma. These findings suggest that foramen magnum stenosis may lead to irreversible spinal cord damage. PMID- 6510433 TI - Neonatal thyroid screening. PMID- 6510434 TI - The effect of intravenous L-carnitine on propionic acid excretion in acute propionic acidaemia. AB - A 6-week-old female infant presented in a severe metabolic crisis from propionic acidaemia. The condition was aggravated by pneumonia and heart insufficiency. In addition to the general supportive measures and caloric intake exclusively from glucose, intravenous L-carnitine treatment (2 g L-carnitine/24 h) was started to enhance propionic acid excretion as a carnitine conjugate. Despite the therapeutic efforts the patient died about 48 h after admission in sudden respiratory arrest and bradycardia. Serum propionic acid concentration was increased to 0.3 mumol/ml. Propionylcarnitine excretion was measured and about 55% of the overall excretion during the 48 h treatment period was attributed to an effect of carnitine administration. 2-methylcitrate and 2-methyl-3-oxovaleric acid excretion decreased during the same period. Obviously carnitine was not able to prevent metabolic deterioration but may provide some additional "buffer capacity" during long-term dietary treatment. PMID- 6510435 TI - Significance of erythrocyte lipid peroxidation and superoxide dismutase activity in a patient with idiopathic pulmonary haemosiderosis. AB - In a patient with idiopathic pulmonary haemosiderosis, lipid peroxidation of erythrocytes and their superoxide dismutase activity were determined. The latter was found to be decreased, and the erythrocytes showed easy peroxidisability, which was shown by vulnerability to hydrogen peroxide and a marked elevation of iron-catalysed lipid peroxidation in addition to a higher basal malondialdehyde level, an end product of lipid peroxidation. These findings were correlated with haemolysis, iron-deficiency anaemia and a shortened survival of erythrocytes. Although the aetiological significance of our observations still remains to be clarified, it appears that antioxidant enzymes and the peroxidative reactivity of erythrocytes should be carefully evaluated in other patients with idiopathic pulmonary haemosiderosis. PMID- 6510436 TI - Further and new details on the Proteus syndrome. PMID- 6510437 TI - Caring of the nails and anticancer treatment. PMID- 6510438 TI - Gestational age assessment by the lens examination method. PMID- 6510439 TI - First results of a regional neonatal thyroid screening programme in Hungary. PMID- 6510440 TI - The Tay syndrome. A reply to the author's reply. PMID- 6510441 TI - Effective D-penicillamine treatment of an early diagnosed patient with Wilson's disease. PMID- 6510442 TI - Giant cell arteritis and its variants. AB - In addition to cranial arteritis, the three other variants of giant cell arteritis may also lead to neurological symptoms: polymyalgia rheumatica, occult giant cell arteritis, and inflammatory aortic arch syndrome of elderly persons. This survey discusses the nosological, clinical, diagnostic, and therapeutic aspects of giant cell arteritis and its subgroups on the basis of experience with over 100 cases. PMID- 6510443 TI - Stroke in childhood and adolescence. AB - Presentation of the author's series (87 cases) of acquired cerebral arterial occlusion in childhood. In the majority of the cases the etiology is unknown. Vasculitis represents a rare category. Follow-up revealed a poor outcome: 11% died, 90% of the survivors are severely disabled. PMID- 6510444 TI - Maturation of the blink reflex in infants. AB - The blink reflex was elicited in 50 children from birth to 3 years of age. In the awake state, the R1 response was always obtained; R2 responses, especially contralateral ones, were more difficult to elicit under 9 months of age. R1 latency and VIIth motor nerve conduction variations were a good witness of the peripheral nervous system maturation. The influence of the different states of waking and sleeping on these reflex responses was studied. These results and some of the mechanisms that underlie these changes are discussed. PMID- 6510445 TI - How specific are periodic complexes in the diagnosis of herpes simplex encephalitis? AB - The specificity of localized periodic complexes (PC) in the EEG is discussed by means of a case. This patient presented rapidly evolving focal symptoms of the CNS together with fever. The EEG showed localized PCs and in the CT scan there was a hyperdense lesion in a region corresponding to the EEG finding. Postmortem examination revealed a subcortical bleeding in the temporal region. Possible mechanisms for the origin of these PCs and their diagnostic value are discussed. PMID- 6510446 TI - Vasculitis in the central nervous system--contribution of angiography. PMID- 6510447 TI - Meige's syndrome: acute and chronic responses to clonazepan and anticholinergics. AB - Relief of blepharospasm was achieved with clonazepan (CNZ, 1 mg i.v.) and benzhexol (BH, 5 mg i.m.) by acute parenteral administration in 5 cases of Meige's syndrome. Improvement was greater with CNZ, mean value on a quantitative scale 100%, than for BH (84.1%). Both drugs were less effective on the associated oromandibular dystonia (OMD) observed in 3 of the cases, relief again being greater when using CNZ (87.3%) compared to BH (58.3%). Intravenous administration of CNZ predicted the response to prolonged oral medication (6 mg/day) in 3 of the cases. Though both blepharospasm and OMD are thought to represent focal dystonia at different body sites, the extent of improvement achieved with these drugs at the dosage employed differed markedly. PMID- 6510449 TI - Values of exceptional students during early adolescence. PMID- 6510448 TI - Motor dysfunction following chronic exposure to a fluoroalkane solvent mixture containing nitromethane. AB - We report the occurrence of a partially reversible Parkinson-like extrapyramidal syndrome in a woman chronically exposed to vapours from an industrial solvent mixture based on trichlorotrifluoroethane and nitromethane. The fluoroalkane group of compounds has not been previously reported to produce such effects in man, but mixtures containing nitromethane may not be innocent. Under certain industrial conditions the conversion of nitromethane to methylisocyanide may result in toxicity particularly in the basal ganglia and cerebellum following chronic low level exposure. PMID- 6510450 TI - Cognitive modification for the hearing impaired adolescent: the promise. PMID- 6510451 TI - Measuring time needed for learning to predict learning outcomes. PMID- 6510452 TI - Controlled, eight-hour haemodynamic study of a sustained-release formulation of isosorbide dinitrate in moderate left ventricular failure. AB - The aim of the study was to assess the duration of the haemodynamic effects of a new sustained-release oral formulation of isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN). Twenty patients (17 men and 3 women; mean age 60 years) with acute myocardial infarction (10 anterior, 10 inferior) complicated by moderate left ventricular failure took part in a randomized controlled trial. Ten patients were randomly assigned to the placebo group and 10 to the ISDN group, who received 40 mg sustained release isosorbide dinitrate. Haemodynamic variables were measured before treatment, after 0.5 and 1 h and then every 2 hours up to the 8th hour after treatment. There was no significant change in any haemodynamic parameter in the placebo group, during the study period. In the ISDN group there was a significant fall in pulmonary artery diastolic pressure at 4 and 8 h, from 19.0 +/- 1.0 mm Hg to 16.5 +/- 1.2 mm Hg and 15.5 +/- 0.8 mmHg, respectively. The mean pulmonary capillary wedge pressure fell progressively from 17.9 +/- 1.0 to 12.5 +/- 1.2 mmHg at 2 h (p less than 0.001 in comparison with the placebo group. The fall remained significant up to 8 h. There was no statistically significant change in heart rate, cardiac index, systemic blood pressure or systemic and pulmonary vascular resistances. On the whole the cardiac index remained unchanged. There were numerous individual variations of cardiac index in relation to the initial mean pulmonary capillary wedge pressure and the magnitude of its fall following administration of ISDN. The change in cardiac index was inversely correlated with the control cardiac index (r = -0.69, p less than 0.02). PMID- 6510453 TI - The comparative beta-adrenoceptor blocking effects of penbutolol, atenolol and sustained-release metoprolol in healthy volunteers. AB - The effects of penbutolol (40 mg), atenolol (100 mg) and sustained-release metoprolol (metoprolol SA) (200 mg) upon heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (BP) at rest and during bicycle ergometer exercise, have been compared in 12 healthy young men using a double-blind crossover design. Measurements of each drug's effect were made before and at 3, 10 and 24 h after a single dose, and again at 24 h after the last of seven consecutive daily doses. Resting HR and systolic BP were reduced to an equivalent extent by all three drugs. During the third minute of exercise, the effects of penbutolol and atenolol upon HR and systolic BP were consistently similar and greater than those of metoprolol SA. PMID- 6510454 TI - Identification of a prazosin metabolite and some preliminary data on its kinetics in hypertensive patients. AB - A metabolite of prazosin was detected in serum from hypertensive patients treated with prazosin. Its structure as 2-(1-piperazinyl)-4-amino-6,7 dimethoxyquinazoline was established by UV, IR, and mass-spectrometry. An assay method for simultaneous determination of prazosin and its metabolite in serum, urine and saliva is described. Preliminary data about the kinetics of prazosin and the metabolite after a single oral dose of prazosin 1 mg, and after multiple doses of 1 to 5 mg t.i.d. for 6-82 days in 7 patients with hypertension, are presented. After the single dose the metabolite level was much lower than that of intact drug, even though the former was eliminated much more slowly than the latter. The slow elimination of the metabolite led to its eventual accumulation in serum during multiple administration. The mean accumulation ratio of the metabolite was estimated to be at least 5.5 (from 3.0 to 7.9). Prazosin itself had a low accumulation ratio, so the mean steady-state level of the intact drug on multiple administration was several times lower than that of metabolite. As this metabolite has some hypotensive effect in animals, it may account for part of the therapeutic activity of parzosin in patients. The mean steady-state concentration of intact prazosin during the course of treatment were found to be significantly lower than that predicted from a single dose study. PMID- 6510455 TI - Pinacidil, a new vasodilator, in the treatment of patients with moderate to severe hypertension. AB - A new vasodilator drug, pinacidil, N'-cyano-N-4-pyridyl-N'-1, 2,2 trimethylpropylguanidine, was studied in an open trial in 15 patients with moderate to severe hypertension. Four patients received pinacidil monotherapy, and in 11 patients it was used with a diuretic or a beta-blocker. In all but one patient normotension was achieved with a mean daily pinacidil dose of 46.7 mg b.i.d. (range 20-100 mg). Side effects were few and were action-related. There was no evidence of early toxicity. Pinacidil is a promising new antihypertensive vasodilator, which deserves further clinical evaluation. PMID- 6510456 TI - Naproxen disposition in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis. AB - Chronic liver disease is known to alter the absorption and disposition of many drugs. To assess the influence of chronic alcoholic liver disease on the disposition of naproxen, we administered the drug both as a single dose and to steady state to 10 individuals with alcoholic cirrhosis and to 10 healthy controls. Plasma and serum samples collected after naproxen dosing were assayed for both total and (following equilibrium dialysis) unbound drug concentration. Clearance calculated based on both total and unbound naproxen concentration revealed no change in total plasma clearance of the drug at steady state but a marked reduction of approximately 60% in clearance based on unbound drug. Naproxen volume of distribution changed only minimally. Because clearance based on unbound drug concentration at a given dosing rate determines the plasma or blood free drug concentration, this concentration may increase significantly in patients with alcoholic liver disease given usual doses of naproxen. Unbound drug concentration is thought to determine the pharmacologic effect of a drug. We therefore recommend that naproxen dosing be reduced by at least half in patients with chronic alcoholic liver disease. In the absence of data to the contrary, this recommendation can be extended to individuals with other forms of hepatic disease. PMID- 6510457 TI - Antipyrine clearance in patients with Gilbert's syndrome. AB - The pharmacokinetic parameters of antipyrine (AP) were examined in 45 normal healthy subjects (18 heavy smokers, 5 mild smokers, and 22 nonsmokers) and in 12 patients with Gilbert's syndrome (GS), amongst whom 2 mild and 1 heavy smokers were included. Heavy smokers were defined as persons smoking more than 20 cigarettes/day and mild smokers as those smoking less than 10 cigarettes/day. Significant differences (unpaired Student's t-test) in the elimination t1/2 of AP among the study groups and in its total plasma clearance (CL) were observed without any change in the apparent volume of distribution. The individual CL values varied within the same study groups, but the mean +/- SD (0.026 +/- 0.004 l/h/kg) in the GS patients did not significantly differ from that in normal nonsmokers (0.025 +/- 0.006 l/h/kg) or in normal mild smokers (0.028 +/- 0.001 l/h/kg). When the 3 patients with GS who smoked were excluded, the mean CL of the group (0.025 l/h/kg) was again comparable to that of the normal nonsmokers and mild smokers. The mean (+/- SD) CL in normal heavy smokers (0.040 +/- 0.012 l/h/kg) was significantly greater than in normal mild smokers (p less than 0.05), in normal nonsmokers (p less than 0.001) and in patients with GS (p less than 0.001). The results suggest that drug oxidation capacity estimated from the total plasma CL of AP appears unimpaired in GS. PMID- 6510458 TI - Effect of praziquantel on human lymphocyte proliferation in vitro. AB - The antischistosomal drugs tartar emetic and niridazole exert immunosuppression both in vitro and in vivo. In the present study the influence of praziquantel (Biltricide), a potent schistosomicidal drug, on human lymphocyte proliferation in vitro was investigated. Praziquantel 80 micrograms/ml significantly reduced thymidine incorporation by human blood mononuclear cells stimulated with mitogens and antigens, whereas no effect could be detected in concentrations below 40 micrograms/ml. Thus, praziquantel, in concentrations as high as 30 times the peak serum concentration during therapy, has no suppressive effect on human lymphocyte proliferation in vitro. PMID- 6510459 TI - Cardiovascular effects of two different xanthines in healthy subjects. Studies at rest, during exercise and in combination with a beta-agonist, terbutaline. AB - The haemodynamic response to two xanthines, enprofylline and theophylline, was studied in 6 healthy male volunteers at rest, during exercise and in combination with the beta 2-agonist, terbutaline. At rest the haemodynamic effects of both xanthines were small and were qualitatively different from each other. While theophylline exerted a "pressor" response, enprofylline seemed to have arterial dilating ability. During exercise both xanthines as compared to placebo were associated with a higher heart rate and in general with increased systolic blood pressure. In combination with terbutaline enprofylline and theophylline both increased systolic blood pressure more than placebo, i.e. they augmented the positive inotropic effect of terbutaline. The systolic blood pressure was higher after theophylline than enprofylline despite their equipotent bronchodilator activity. This may reflect different inotropic effects of the xanthines as well as a difference in their influence on the response to adenosine. PMID- 6510460 TI - A "once a day administration" sustained-release theophylline formulation: disposition and pharmacokinetics. AB - The pharmacokinetics of a new sustained-release preparation of theophylline (Dilatrane a Action Prolongee capsules filled with homogenous microgranules) has been after its studied administration to 7 healthy volunteers at 8 p.m. in order to achieve therapeutic levels at night and in the morning. In separate trials the test dose of 500 or 600 mg was administered for 7 days, once daily at 8 p.m. Plasma theophylline levels were measured by capillary gas chromatography with a mass specific detector after pentylation, using internal standards labelled with stable isotopes (15N-1,3 and 13C-2 theophylline). The new sustained-release preparation showed a monophasic regular absorption phase with very low inter individual variability. After administration, the plasma level stayed within 80% of the peak levels for 8.5 +/- 1.5 h. There was a good correlation between the dose and the steady state plasma level (r = 0.9587; p less than 0.05). This preparation can be chronically administered once daily day at 8 p.m. in order to achieve a therapeutic level during the night and the morning, and to provide sufficient protection during the nycterohemeral period, with a once dose a day schedule. PMID- 6510461 TI - Absorption of enprofylline from the gastrointestinal tract in healthy subjects. AB - Enprofylline, a new potent bronchodilator xanthine drug, was given orally as an aqueous solution to 6 healthy subjects in single doses of 2, 4 and 6 mg/kg. The two lower doses produced plasma concentrations in the range 1-4 mg/l, i.e. in the assumed "therapeutic interval" according to previous animal studies. A high 24 h urine recovery of unchanged drug, with mean values for the three dose levels ranging from 85 to 91% of the given dose, indicated good absorption and little metabolism. The dose-corrected area under the plasma concentration-time curve rose with dose as the latter was increased from 2 to 6 mg/kg. This indicates that the elimination of enprofylline is capacity-limited at high doses. Double peaks in the plasma concentration-time curves at the higher dose levels suggested intermittent and delayed gastric emptying as a possible explanation. This hypothesis was confirmed by studies in 6 other healthy subjects, who received the drug solution by three different routes; by mouth, via a catheter in the duodenum, and rectally via a catheter in the colon. The corresponding time to peak values (mean +/- SEM) were 32.5 +/- 8.7, 13.3 +/- 2.5, and 157 +/- 23 min. PMID- 6510462 TI - Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the ergot derivative, transdihydrolisuride, in man. AB - Plasma levels and urinary excretion of the dopamine agonist, transdihydrolisuride (TDHL), were measured by radioimmunoassay in healthy male volunteers given TDHL 50 micrograms i.v. and oral doses of 200, 400 and 800 micrograms. Plasma prolactin was also measured by radioimmunoassay. Following i.v. injection, the concentration of TDHL declined with a half-life of 37 +/- 19 min. The total clearance was 38 +/- 27 ml/min/kg and the apparent volume of distribution was 1.3 +/- 0.41/kg. The bioavailability of oral TDHL was proportional to the dose; after 200, 400 and 800 micrograms the bioavailability was 20 +/- 25%, 31 +/- 24% and 48 +/- 26%. TDHL was almost totally metabolized and less than 0.5% of the dose was excreted unchanged in urine in 24 h. Plasma prolactin levels were depressed by 66 +/- 15%, 75 +/- 11% and 80 +/- 7% after TDHL 200 micrograms, 400 micrograms and 800 micrograms. The effect lasted for more than 12 h after the lowest dose and for more than 24 h after 400 and 800 micrograms. Side effects, mainly nausea and headache, only occurred at the two highest dose levels. PMID- 6510463 TI - Pharmacokinetic study of the new sulfamethopyrazine-trimethoprim combination (kelfiprim) in renal insufficiency. AB - The combination of trimethoprim (TMP) and sulfamethopyrazine (SMP) has been successfully used to treat chronic urinary tract infections. Since parenchymal involvement associated with renal insufficiency of varying degree is not infrequent in these patients, it was considered important to study the pharmacokinetics of TMP and SMP in a fixed dose combination. Four groups of patients were studied: 1) 4 patients with endogenous creatinine clearance (CLcR) between 80 and 40 ml/min; 2) 3 patients with CLcR between 40 and 10 ml/min; 3) 3 patients on chronic peritoneal dialysis (CAPD); and 4) 3 patients on haemodialysis. A single oral dose of 250 mg TMP and 200 mg SMP was given to each patient. Multiple samples were collected over 9 days and the following pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated: total area under the plasma level curve, slow disposition rate constant beta and the corresponding t1/2 beta, plasma clearance and the apparent volume of distribution. The results show that the two moieties of the TMP-SMP combination behaved differently in uraemic patients as fas as elimination rate was concerned. TMP was eliminated more slowly both in patients with diminished renal function and in those subjected to haemo- or peritoneal dialysis. The reduction in the rate of elimination of TMP was significantly correlated with the degree of renal impairment. The elimination of SMP, however, was not significantly affected by the reduced renal function; indeed a tendency to increase was noted, at least in dialyzed patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6510464 TI - Model-independent assessment of accumulation kinetics based on moments of drug disposition curves. AB - The bounds of the accumulation profile can be predicted on the basis of the mean disposition residence time (MDRT) of a drug. The time to reach 90% of the plateau level (t0.9) is less than 3.7 MDRT. This prediction can be improved if, in addition, the variance of disposition residence time (VDRT, CV2D = VDRT/MDRT2), or the terminal exponential coefficient (lambda), is known. For CV2D----1 or lambda MDRT----1, the time to reach steady state (t0.9) approaches 2.3 MDRT (limiting case of monoexponential drug disposition curve). Conditions are stated under which lambda can be regarded as the principal determinant of the accumulation rate. PMID- 6510465 TI - Pharmacokinetics of a fixed combination of sotalol and hydrochlorothiazide in hypertensive patients with moderate renal insufficiency. AB - Decreased elimination of a combined formulation of Sotalol (160 mg) and hydrochlorothiazide (25 mg) was found in patients with moderate renal insufficiency. Very slight accumulation of sotalol and hydrochlorothiazide was observed, so it appears unnecessary to reduce the dosage in patients with a creatinine clearance of 30 ml/min or more. PMID- 6510466 TI - Platelet aggregation and plasma levels of acetylsalicylic acid in stroke patients on long-term treatment with an enteric-coated aspirin formulation. AB - Enteric-coated formulations of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) should be advantageous in prophylaxis after stroke because they cause fewer gastrointestinal side effects. However, the absorption of unchanged ASA and the effectiveness of these formulations have been questioned, which prompted the present investigation. Fourteen elderly stroke patients on long-term medication with enteric-coated ASA 1.5 g daily and four patients on placebo were studied. When tested with arachidonic acid platelet aggregation was completely inhibited in all ASA subjects whereas it was normal in the controls. Plasma samples, drawn every 1/2 h for 6 h after tablet intake, were analyzed by HPLC. The presence of ASA was short lasting with a mean peak concentration of 55 mumol/l reached after 2-3.5 h. Salicylic acid (SA) appeared later, having a mean peak value of 591 mumol/l after 2.5-6 h. Thus, absorption of ASA as well as inhibition of platelet aggregation were confirmed during long-term medication with enteric-coated ASA. PMID- 6510467 TI - Pharmacokinetics of oral and rectal flurbiprofen in children. AB - Eight subjects, aged 6-12 years and weighing 18.8-36.7 kg, received single doses of flurbiprofen 50 or 75 mg (corresponding to 1.4-2.7 mg/kg) as syrup and suppository in a Latin square design. Half-life (2.7-3.2 h), elimination constant (0.22-0.26 h-1), area under the plasma level curve (72.4-77.3 micrograms X h X ml 1) and time to reach the concentration peak (1-0.75 h) were similar after the syrup and suppository. Flurbiprofen showed equivalent bioavailability after oral and rectal administration and the same pharmacokinetic profile was confirmed in children as observed in adults. PMID- 6510468 TI - Effects of verapamil on blood pressure and heart rate in neurogenic hypertensive rats. AB - The effects of verapamil (220 micrograms/kg per min i.v.) on blood pressure and heart rate were studied in sinoaortic baroreceptor denervated and sham-operated rats. In the conscious animals the verapamil-induced hypotension was accompanied by a significant heart rate increase in the first group (from 352 +/- 7 to 422 +/ 10 beats/min) and a decrease in the second group (from 485 +/- 13 to 400 +/- 9 beats/min). The verapamil-induced tachycardia observed in sham-operated rats was prevented by atropine plus propranolol but not by adrenal demedullation. Tachycardia was present in urethane-anesthetized sham-operated rats, similar to the sinoaortic baroreceptor-denervated rats. After verapamil a significant heart rate reduction was observed in sham-operated but not in sinoaortic baroreceptor denervated rats. The results in conscious rats suggest that the direct inhibitory action of this drug on sinus node automaticity is suppressed by baroreflex tachycardia and that anesthesia masks this response. PMID- 6510469 TI - Vagally mediated bradycardiac effect of prazosin in anaesthetized rats. AB - Prazosin at doses of 100 or 1000 nmol/kg i.v. induced bradycardia in urethane anaesthetized rats. The bradycardia was completely abolished by atropine pretreatment or vagotomy. Prazosin also stimulated gastric acid secretion. This effect was completely abolished by vagotomy. The maximal hypotensive effect after prazosin i.c.v. occurred 10 min later than with i.v. administration. It is concluded that prazosin possesses vagal a stimulating property that may in part explain its modest tachycardiac effect seen in clinical use. The mechanism of vagal stimulation by prazosin remains unclear. The present findings suggest that prazosin does not exert any direct effects on central vagal structures accessible from the ventricular space. PMID- 6510470 TI - Chronic antidepressant administration fails to attenuate apomorphine-induced decreases in rat striatal dopamine metabolites. AB - The responsiveness of the rat striatal dopamine (DA) receptor system to apomorphine (APO) was assessed after 10 days of antidepressant administration. Desipramine (DMI), dothiepin (DOTH), iprindole (IPR) and nomifensine (NOM) were administered intra-peritoneally, twice daily, to rats for 10 days and 42 h after the last drug dose, animals were injected with APO (25 or 200 micrograms/kg s.c., 15 min) or vehicle. Striatal content of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) and homovanillic acid (HVA), assayed using a recently developed high-performance liquid chromatography-electrochemical detection (HPLC-ECD) method, showed that prolonged administration of all four antidepressant drugs failed to modify the effect of APO on DA metabolism. The results of these experiments therefore do not provide evidence to support the suggestion that subsensitivity in presynaptic DA 'autoreceptors' is a significant biochemical correlate of chronic antidepressant drug administration. PMID- 6510471 TI - Radioreceptor assay of benzodiazepines in cerebrospinal fluid during chronic flurazepam treatment in cats. AB - A radioreceptor assay was used to measure benzodiazepine-like activity in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of cats during chronic flurazepam treatment. Benzodiazepine-like activity was measured by the displacement of [3H]flunitrazepam from benzodiazepine receptors in homogenates of rat cerebral cortex. Cats were given 5 mg/kg flurazepam daily, and tolerance was measured by rating several indicators of neurological impairment. CSF was sampled 1 h after flurazepam administration, when drug actions were greatest. Ataxia and muscle relaxation were greatest on the first treatment day, then decreased despite increasing CSF benzodiazepine-like activity. By day 11, CSF activity was 3 times that measured 1 h after the first chronic dose. CSF benzodiazepine-like activity declined slowly after treatment and approached zero by the 10th day after treatment. This residual activity, probably due to active flurazepam metabolites, correlates with the observation that physical dependence is present in these cats up to 7 days after the end of chronic treatment. The rapid loss of drug effect despite increasing active drug levels shows that the nervous system is capable of a rapid and profound adaptation to the presence of benzodiazepines. PMID- 6510472 TI - Characteristics of the binding of platelet-activating factor to platelets of different animal species. AB - The binding of platelet-activating factor (PAF-acether) to human, rabbit and rat platelets was investigated by incubating washed platelets at 37 degrees C with radiolabeled [3H]PAF-acether. Scatchard plot analysis of the binding showed that human and rabbit platelets possess two different types of binding sites. One of them was saturable and of high affinity (KD 1.58 +/- 0.36 nM in human and 0.9 +/- 0.5 nM in rabbits), and the other one had nearly infinite binding capacity. By contrast, rat platelets only showed non-specific binding. Addition of unlabeled PAF-acether 5 min after the addition of [3H]PAF-acether showed that internalization of 66 +/- 9% of the specific binding in human and 52 +/- 6.9% in rabbit platelets had occurred. Specific binding of [3H]PAF-acether in rabbit platelets correlated well with [3H]serotonin release in response to different doses of PAF-acether and with the uptake of calcium by the platelets. By contrast, PAF-acether did not induce [3H]serotonin release or calcium uptake by rat platelets. The following data suggest that the potential of PAF-acether to activate platelets depends on the interaction with a specific membrane receptor rather than on a non-receptor-mediated alteration of the platelet membrane: (1) platelets from animal species sensitive to PAF-acether show saturability and specificity of binding; (2) platelets from one animal species non-sensitive to PAF-acether lack specific binding; (3) PAF-acether does not induce calcium uptake by platelets from an animal species which lacks specific binding sites. PMID- 6510473 TI - Amiloride: relationship between cardiac effects and inhibition of Na+/Ca2+ exchange. AB - The potassium sparing diuretic amiloride at concentrations ranging between 0.1 0.8 mM inhibited the Na+/Ca2+ exchange in sarcolemmal vesicles isolated from beef heart. The rate of exchange activity was 50% reduced by 0.35 mM amiloride. In spontaneously beating atria isolated from normal and reserpinized guinea-pigs, amiloride produced a concentration-dependent positive inotropic effect and negative chronotropic effect (EC50 = 0.7 mM). Amiloride protected spontaneously beating atria and left atria driven at 1 Hz from digitalis cardiotoxicity assessed in terms of a raised end-diastolic tension. It is suggested that the positive inotropic effect, negative chronotropic effect of amiloride and heart protection against digitalis toxicity are related to the observed inhibition of sarcolemmal Na+/Ca2+ exchange activity. PMID- 6510474 TI - Effects of U.V. radiation on the lifespan of the rotifer Asplanchna brightwelli. AB - Groups of rotifers of the species Asplanchna brightwelli were exposed to U.V. irradiation at dosages ranging from 50 to 4800 J/m2. The lifespan of the rotifers was significantly reduced by exposure to U.V. in the range of 200 to 4800 J/m2. A logarithmic decline in lifespan was seen as the U.V. dose increased. Rotifers were most sensitive to U.V. exposure during the prereproductive stage at the beginning of their lifecycle. Exposure of rotifers to visible light following U.V. radiation provided no evidence that photoreactivation could influence lifespan in this species. PMID- 6510475 TI - Aging changes in the optic tectum of the guppy Poecilia (Lebistes) reticulatus. AB - Histological surveys of the brains of guppies throughout their lifespan showed no overall loss of tissue with advancing age. Brain and body increased in size at a similar rate throughout adult life in male fish. In old females after the age of two years, brain growth apparently ceased, although body growth continued at a low rate. In both sexes there was a loss of neurones from the stratum griseum periventriculare in the midbrain roof in old age; the decrease in size was significant. The midbrain is a major correlative center concerned with spatial orientation. How far neuronal loss may contribute to functional behavioral disorder in old age is unknown, but a loss of orientation could render the older fish more susceptible to predation. PMID- 6510476 TI - The development of mammotroph adenomas in pituitaries of aging female C57BL/6J mice. AB - The development of pituitary adenomas in female C57BL/6J mice was studied over the lifespan. Mammotrophs and somatotrophs, identified by immunocytochemical staining, appeared normal in 3-4 month old animals, with the exception of an occasional hypertrophic mammotroph and, in one gland, a nest of such cells. At 15 months, hypertrophic mammotrophs, somatotrophs and unstained cells occurred singly or in areas of hyperplasia; a mammotrophic adenoma was present in one gland. At 22 months, pituitaries contained mammotroph adenomas or adenomalike mammotroph clusters within hypertrophic, hyperplastic areas as seen in 15 month old glands. Pituitaries from all 28-30 month old mice contained mammotroph adenomas; nests of hypertrophic cells were present in 5 of 8 glands studied. These results suggest that mammotrophic adenomas may arise from hypertrophic mammotrophs, which are often found in nests with other hypertrophic pituitary cell types. However, this study does not exclude the possibility that mammotroph adenomas and hypertrophic mammotrophs occur independently. PMID- 6510477 TI - A study of dietary restriction and lifespan in the rotifer Asplanchna brightwelli monitored by chronic neutral red exposure. AB - The rotifer Asplanchna brightwelli could be exposed to concentrations of neutral red at 0.1 to 0.75 microgram/ml for two consecutive generations with no adverse effect on the lifespan or fecundity of either generation. Chronic exposure to higher concentrations of neutral red caused reductions in both lifespan and fecundity of the rotifers. Because neutral red stains the Paramecium which serve as a food source for the rotifers, the extent of red coloration in each rotifer's gut gave an approximation of how much food that rotifer had consumed. The Paramecium concentration had to be reduced to 100 per ml before pale gut coloration provided clear evidence of reduced food intake or dietary restriction. The group of rotifers with reduced food intake had a significantly longer lifespan than any other group. Their lifespan was 14.2% longer than that of control rotifers. PMID- 6510478 TI - The effect of light, dark or altered circadian cycle on the lifespan of the rotifer Asplanchna brightwelli. AB - Rotifers were maintained in various light conditions for at least 20 generations. In the first set of experiments lifespan and fecundity data were compared for groups of rotifers maintained under LL (continuous light), DD (continuous dark) or LD 12:12 (control, 12 hr. light 12 hr. dark). The mean lifespan of the rotifers cultured in DD conditions was significantly increased as compared to the LL or LD 12:12 groups but there were no fecundity differences. There was no alteration in lifespan or fecundity of the LL group as compared to the LD 12:12 control. In a second set of experiments, an LD 6:18 cycle was imposed to determine whether a shift in the circadian cycle would influence lifespan. Rotifers exposed to the LD 6:18 cycle and to the DD conditions showed an 18% and 22% increase in mean lifespan respectively. The results are interpreted to demonstrate that lifespan is influenced by the circadian cycle. PMID- 6510479 TI - The response of Slj/+ mice to experimental manipulation of the erythron. AB - We have compared the response of mice heterozygous for the Slj allele-which have a stromal defect resulting in mild macrocytic anemia-and their normal +/+ littermates to manipulations of the erythron to further characterize the effects of the Slj allele on hemopoiesis. CFU-S kinetics in Slj/+ mice following plethorization or induction of anemia did not differ from similarly treated +/+ littermates. Under all circumstances, however, Slj/+ mice had a smaller splenic CFU-S population than similarly treated +/+ mice. Slj/+ and +/+ mice responded similarly to induction of hemolytic anemia with a large rise in 59Fe incorporation in spleen and blood. Hypertransfused Slj/+ mice were shown to have a diminished response to exogenous erythropoietin in spleen and blood as compared with their +/+ littermates. We conclude that the regulation of CFU-S kinetics in mutant Slj/+ mice is not anomalous as has been reported to be the case in Sl/Sld mice. The defective stromal tissue of Slj/+ mice, however, does not support a normal-sized CFU-S population, which leads to decreased influx of progenitor cells into the erythropoietin-responsive cell compartment, causing the diminished response of plethorized Slj/+ mice to exogenous erythropoietin. PMID- 6510480 TI - Specificity of hemin action in vivo at early stages of hematopoietic cell differentiation. AB - The effects of a single injection of hemin on murine marrow BFU-E and CFU-S were assessed to determine whether hemin is as effective in augmenting primitive (day 7) BFU-E levels in situ as it is in vitro and to assess hemin's action on transplantable pluripotent stem cells (CFU-S). The results show that hemin exerts a cell-specific enhancement of both BFU-E marrow levels and cell cycling within 6 h of its administration in vivo. No such effect on CFU-S was observed. PMID- 6510481 TI - Subfractionation of human blood monocyte subsets with Percoll. AB - Human monocytes can be separated into subsets of large and small cells by centrifugal elutriation. Small and large monocytes share many characteristics, but only small monocytes demonstrate enhanced cytotoxicity toward heterologous tumor cells. The small monocytes isolated by centrifugal elutriation are contaminated with lymphocytes that may hinder further characterization of this subpopulation. This study reports the application of Percoll in the purification of monocytes. The findings indicate that monocyte subsets isolated by centrifugal elutriation that differ in size are nevertheless equal in buoyant density. PMID- 6510482 TI - Maintenance of hemopoiesis in long-term bone marrow cultures from S1/S1d and W/Wv mice. AB - Although phenotypically similar, the cellular defects in congenitally anemic mice of genotype W/Wv and S1/S1d are quite different. W/Wv mice have defective hemopoietic stem cells; in contrast, S1/S1d mice have normal stem cells, but their hemopoietic microenvironment cannot support normal differentiation of the stem cells. We also observed defective hemopoiesis as measured by granulocyte macrophage colony-forming units (GM-CFU) in long-term bone marrow cultures (LTBMC) established with marrow from these mutants, but in contrast to an earlier report we obtained long-term maintenance of hemopoiesis (up to 20 weeks) albeit at a lower level than the control (28% of control for S1/S1d and 23% for W/Wv). These levels probably reflect more accurately the in vivo effects of the mutations than the severe defect reported previously. However, this level of hemopoiesis and the high variability observed in replicate flasks in LTBMC make it difficult to study these mutants in tissue culture. PMID- 6510483 TI - Erythropoietin secretion by isolated rat Kupffer cells. AB - Hepatic parenchymal and Kupffer cells were isolated from regenerating rat liver and maintained in primary culture in an attempt to identify the cell type responsible for extrarenal erythropoietin (Ep) production. Conditioned media from Kupffer cell cultures were shown to contain Ep. Kupffer cells were cultured in the presence and absence of serum, but only cultures with serum contained bioactive Ep. The addition of latex beads to Kupffer cell cultures increased the amount of Ep secreted. Parenchymal-cell-conditioned media were negative for Ep activity. Isolated liver macrophages might be useful in vitro for the study of Ep elaboration. PMID- 6510484 TI - Inhibition of phagocytosis by monoclonal antibodies to human myeloid differentiation antigens. AB - The influence of eight antimyeloid monoclonal antibodies on human leukocyte phagocytosis was investigated using flow cytometry. A granulocyte-specific monoclonal antibody, VIM-D5, inhibited the phagocytosis of both zymosan particles and Staphylococcus aureus in a dose-dependent fashion. In the presence of 5 micrograms/ml, the numbers of phagocyte-associated zymosan particles and bacteria were reduced by about 35% and 40%, respectively. Another monoclonal antibody, VIM 12, reacting with granulocytes, monocytes, and null lymphocytes, inhibited both granulocyte and monocyte phagocytosis of S. aureus. The inhibition was dose dependent, and in the presence of 10 micrograms/ml, the number of phagocyte associated bacteria was reduced by about 40%. VIM-12 did not influence the phagocytosis of zymosan particles. Both VIM-D5 and VIM-12 inhibited the internalization phase of phagocytosis, whereas the attachment to the phagocyte surface was unaltered. The combined effect of VIM-D5 and VIM-12 was additive, amounting to about 70% reduction of phagocytosis of bacteria. The remaining six antimyeloid antibodies had no effect on leukocyte phagocytosis. The combined use of antimyeloid monoclonal antibodies and flow cytometry appears to be a promising tool for the study of phagocyte functions. PMID- 6510485 TI - Effect of two cyclophosphamide derivatives on hemopoietic progenitor cells and pluripotential stem cells. AB - The studies described herein were undertaken to help define the effects of certain cyclophosphamide derivatives that have been used for selective removal of leukemic cells from marrow samples used for autologous transplantation. We have tested the effect of 4-HC and another cyclophosphamide congener, ASTA-Z 7557, on pluripotent stem cells (CFU-S) and committed progenitor cells (CFU-GM) in mice. The CFU-S were evaluated by the spleen colony assay at eight days and 12 days after transplant. The eight-day colonies are transient in nature, rapidly growing, mainly erythroid, and lack pluripotential precursors. The 12-day colonies are believed to provide a measure of hemopoietic stem cells as they slowly grow and do contain primitive precursors. Our data show that at the maximum dose levels tested, both drugs caused a 100% loss of CFU-GM and about 80% 95% inhibition of early transient CFU-S. In contrast, about 70% of the pluripotent 12-day CFU-S were spared. These data appear to explain the hemopoietic recovery seen in man after transplantation with marrow cells treated with 4-HC despite their relative absence of hemopoietic progenitor cells. PMID- 6510486 TI - Effect of 5'-methylthioadenosine (a naturally occurring nucleoside) on murine hematopoiesis. AB - 5'-Methylthioadenosine (MTA), a naturally occurring nucleoside, inhibited in vitro colony formation by murine erythroid (CFU-E) and granulocyte-macrophage (CFU-GM) progenitor cells in a dose-dependent fashion with maximal inhibition at concentrations of 2 X 10(-3) M and 1 X 10(-4) M, respectively. The inhibitory effect was reversible after up to 8 h of exposure to MTA but was irreversible after 24 h. MTA also inhibited hematopoietic progenitors in vivo. In mice given daily intraperitoneal injections of MTA for 28 days, CFU-GM were maximally reduced on day 14 to 51% of control. CFU-GM returned toward control levels by day 28 despite the continued administration of MTA. Hematocrit and leukocyte count were not reduced until day 28 and then only to 90% and 70% of control, respectively. MTA reached peak plasma levels of 2.8 X 10(-5) M 5 min after a single intraperitoneal injection of 75 mg/kg and was almost completely cleared by 60 min. These findings indicate that MTA produces reversible inhibition of murine hematopoietic progenitors both in vitro and in vivo. Despite the inhibitory effect on progenitors there is little effect on peripheral blood counts, which suggests that MTA inhibits hematopoietic proliferation without affecting hematopoietic differentiation. PMID- 6510487 TI - The effect of nicotine on blood pressure in the genetically hypertensive mouse. AB - Mice genetically selected for high and low blood pressure were exposed to nicotine via a single injected dose or addition to drinking water for 52 weeks. In the acute study, the response of mice with high blood pressure was a statistically significant increase in blood pressure. In the chronic study the pattern of response to nicotine ingestion was similar for mice with high blood pressure and those with low. Both lines responded with an increase in blood pressure after 6 weeks followed by a decrease to below baseline blood pressure at 12 weeks. PMID- 6510488 TI - 15-Hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase and hexokinase in spontaneously hypertensive rat kidney. AB - 15-Hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (PGDH) surged in hypertensive (SHR) and normotensive (WKY) rat kidney at 8 days of age, is greatest in SHR. Hexokinase fell in SHR at 17 days of age, but thereafter was similar to WKY. This suggests multisystem enzymatic abnormalities in SHR kidney during development of hypertension. PMID- 6510489 TI - Prolonged vibration of cutaneous artery: absence of persisting aftereffects. AB - 1-3 h after prolonged (3-16 h) vibration (120 Hz, 0.2-0.3 mm amplitude) of rings of canine saphenous arteries there was no significant change in the contractile response to electrical stimulation, exogenous norepinephrine or of neuronal uptake of tritium labeled norepinephrine. These results did not provide evidence for persistent aftereffects of prolonged vibration. PMID- 6510490 TI - Cholesterol content and cholesterol esterifying activity of various organs in guinea pigs. AB - In various organs of the guinea pig, the total cholesterol content of an organ was significantly correlated with the percentage of esterified cholesterol present in this organ. Cholesterol esterifying capacity was shown in most organs, with highest activities in the adrenals, the spleen and the liver. The significant correlation found between the cholesteryl ester content of an organ and its acyl cholesterol acyltransferase activity suggests a possible role of this enzyme in determining the level of the total and esterified cholesterol in a tissue. PMID- 6510491 TI - Acute 60Co-gamma irradiation of rats decreases the inhibitory effect of succinate on the lipid peroxidation of liver mitochondria. AB - Succinate inhibits NADPH-dependent lipid peroxidation of liver mitochondria. This effect of succinate decreased 12 h after whole-body 60Co-gamma irradiation, depending on the dose of irradiation. PMID- 6510492 TI - Analysis of translation products synthesized in isolated rat hepatocytes treated with diethylnitrosamine. AB - Isolated rat hepatocytes were labeled with 35S-methionine in the presence of 25 mM diethylnitrosamine (DENA). The intrinsically labeled proteins were analyzed by one- and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and the fluorographic patterns were compared with those obtained from untreated hepatocytes. The results of short term experiments (2 h) show that, in the presence of 25 mM DENA, protein synthesis is inhibited by 50%. This reduction encompasses all protein species without selective inhibition of certain proteins. PMID- 6510493 TI - Autoradiographic investigation of cell proliferation in the adrenal cortex of castrated female rats under the influence of oestradiol. AB - Ovariectomy and subsequent treatment with ovarian hormone produces a temporary increase in DNA-synthesizing cells in the zona glomerulosa of the adrenal cortex. PMID- 6510494 TI - Ultrastructural changes in uterine myometrium of mice with experimentally-induced adenomyosis. AB - Ectopic pituitary transplantation induced a high incidence of adenomyosis in SHN mice. Early signs of the development of adenomyosis were the penetration of stromal connective tissue into myometrium followed by uterine gland invasion. Associated with these changes, the inner layer of myometrium showed the involution of smooth muscle cells and distended intercellular spaces. PMID- 6510495 TI - Difference of the inhibitory action of verapamil on the positive inotropic effect of Ca2+ between spontaneously hypertensive and normotensive rat myocardium. AB - Verapamil, a calcium entry blocker, had a greater inhibitory effect on the positive inotropic effect of excess Ca2+ in SHR than in NWR, suggesting that the cardiac responsiveness to verapamil was enhanced in SHR. PMID- 6510496 TI - Anthelmintic activity of a benzimidazoline compound in sheep by abomasal infusion. AB - In vitro and in vivo data on the benzimidazoline compound indicate anthelmintic potential when introduced directly into the abomasum. PMID- 6510497 TI - Conformational stability and basal metabolic rate: reexamination of the case of myoglobin. AB - The free energy of unfolding of several myoglobins from different animal species has been determined from their denaturation pattern by using the ligand binding model. The results indicate that no simple correlation exists between the free energy of unfolding of myoglobin and the basal metabolic rate of the animal species from which the myoglobin was isolated. PMID- 6510498 TI - Low-molecular-weight enzyme inhibitors suppress the development of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. AB - We tested the activity of low-molecular-weight enzyme inhibitors with immunomodifying actions on the suppression of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE). Of the agents tested the inhibitors of alkaline phosphatase, aminopeptidase B and esterase gave significant protection against the clinical expression of EAE in guinea pigs. PMID- 6510499 TI - Defect of uric acid uptake in Dalmatian dog liver. AB - The uptake rate of uric acid into liver slices of the Dalmatian dog was found to be significantly lower compared with that in the beagle. Since there was no difference in the hepatic uricase activity between the two breeds, the abnormality of uric acid metabolism in the Dalmatian dog is considered to result from a defective hepatic transport system for uric acid. PMID- 6510500 TI - Post-weaning differential housing and testosterone secretion in male mice. AB - The effect of different densities of animals per cage on basal testosterone secretion and its response to some stimuli was studied in prepuberal male mice. Mice housed with 110 or 55 cm2 of floor space per animal showed the same basal serum testosterone and hCG-induced testosterone release. Likewise, in a second experiment, the same basal serum testosterone and a similar response to acute noise stress were found in mice housed at 132, 66 or 22 cm2 of floor space per animal. These results suggest that post-weaning crowding did not affect Leydig cell function in male mice. PMID- 6510501 TI - Estrogen and accessory sex gland lipids. AB - Administration of estradiol-17 beta elicited differential responses on accessory sex glands of rats. In caput epididymis, the estrogen treatment led to an accumulation of glycerides and phospholipids while in cauda epididymis, there was no significant change. However, in seminal vesicles, depletion of phospholipids was observed. In prostate, the treatment, resulted in an accumulation of glycerides. PMID- 6510502 TI - Experimental alveolar echinococcosis. Suitability of a murine model of intrahepatic infection by Echinococcus multilocularis for immunological studies. AB - An experimental model of human alveolar echinococcosis was developed, using intrahepatic injection of E. multilocularis larvae in mice differing by their sensitivity to this parasite; it seems to be suitable for studying the relationship between cell-mediated immunity and a) growth of the parasite, b) development of fibrosis. PMID- 6510503 TI - Zone immunoelectrophoresis assay applied to alpha 1-acid glycoprotein secretion by isolated rat hepatocytes. AB - A method for measuring proteins in low concentrations applying the zone immunoelectrophoresis assay is reported. The low detection limit makes it possible to measure alpha 1-acid glycoprotein in rat serum and also to quantify the secretion of this protein after concentration of the incubation media containing less than 10(7) isolated rat hepatocytes. The method is simple and consumes very small quantities of antiserum. PMID- 6510504 TI - Chronic ethanol feeding causes accumulation of serum cholesterol in rat pancreas. AB - In a previous study, a rat model of ethanol-induced pancreatic steatosis was developed in which chronic ethanol feeding resulted in a twofold increase in pancreatic cholesteryl ester content. The studies reported here were performed in order to elucidate the mechanism of this cholesteryl ester accumulation. Rats were pair fed ethanol or control diets for 3 weeks. Ethanol feeding resulted in an increased accumulation of serum cholesterol in the pancreas. Ethanol feeding also resulted in increased in vitro incorporation of labeled acetate and mevalonate into the sterol moiety of pancreatic cholesteryl ester and increased incorporation of labeled acetate into its fatty acid component. These results suggest that chronic ethanol feeding causes pancreatic cholesteryl ester accumulation by affecting exchange of cholesterol between serum and pancreatic tissue. PMID- 6510505 TI - Morphologic effects of cysteamine on the rat adenohypophysis. AB - In pituitary lactotrophs of female Sprague-Dawley rats given cysteamine (300 mg/kg, per os/day) for 7 days, forming granules were increased in number and contained many separate electron-dense structures suggesting crinophagy. Compared to control values, cysteamine treatment caused no change in blood prolactin (PRL) levels, measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA). 17 beta-Estradiol (50 micrograms, sc/day) for 7 days, induced lactotroph hyperplasia and increased blood PRL levels which were unaffected by simultaneous cysteamine administration. The ultrastructural changes did not reflect those due to bromocriptine suppression of secretory activity, and supported the concept that cysteamine altered lactotroph morphology by an unknown mechanism. In pituitary gonadotrophs following cysteamine treatment, increased electron lucency of luminal contents of dilated rough endoplasmic reticulum was noted; however, blood luteinizing hormone (LH) levels did not differ from those of control values. In ovariectomized rats, cysteamine suppressed castration cell formation and reduced blood LH levels, suggesting an interference with the cell's ability to respond to GnRH stimulation. The morphologic effects of cysteamine appeared to be selective to lactotrophs and gonadotrophs, and were not secondary to vascular impairment, as capillary endothelial cells were undamaged. PMID- 6510506 TI - A low dose of a calcium antagonist (nitrendipine) ameliorates cardiac and renal lesions induced by DOC in the rat. AB - A low dose of nitrendipine (a calcium antagonist) ameliorated the percentage incidence and severity of cardiac and renal lesions induced by deoxycorticosterone (DOC) despite maintenance of the systolic blood pressure of the DOC plus nitrendipine group in the hypertensive range. The percentage mortality in the DOC-calcium antagonist group was slightly lower than that in the DOC-vehicle injected group. Nitrendipine did not reduce the DOC-induced renal hypertrophy, cardiomegaly, splenomegaly, or hepatomegaly as reflected in the absolute or relative weights of these organs. The absolute and relative weights of the thymus of the nitrendipine-DOC group did not differ significantly from those of controls although these weights decreased significantly in the group receiving DOC. No changes in relative weights of the adrenal gland were observed. The level of calcium in the serum of groups receiving DOC with or without nitrendipine was reduced significantly as compared to the comparable controls. Nitrendipine at the low dose employed separates at least in part the changes exerted by elevated blood pressure in animals receiving DOC from cardiac and renal lesions. PMID- 6510507 TI - Halomethane-induced inhibition of protein synthesis in isolated hepatocytes. AB - The effect of several halomethanes on protein synthesis has been studied in isolated hepatocytes. When cells are added to medium preequilibrated with CCl4 or CBrCl3, protein synthesis is inhibited after a lag period of 4 to 10 min. The concentrations of CBrCl3, CCl4, and CHCl3 which cause a 50% inhibition of protein synthesis are about 6 microM, 400 microM, and 4 mM, respectively. This order of potency parallels the rate at which these compounds are metabolized by the hepatic mixed function oxidase, suggesting that metabolism is required for toxicity. The inhibitory effect caused by 18 min of exposure to CBrCl3 is not reversed when the toxin is removed, indicating that inhibition involves some irreversible modification of cellular material. Unexpectedly, the inhibitory effect caused by 18 min of exposure of CCl4 is about 30-40% reversed when the toxin is removed. This suggests that CCl4 causes inhibition not only by a metabolism-dependent (irreversible) pathway, but by a metabolism-independent (reversible) mechanism as well. Extracellular Ca2+ is not required for CCl4 inhibition of protein synthesis. PMID- 6510508 TI - Mosaicism in female hybrid hares heterozygous for glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. V. The recovery of DNA synthesis of hare fibroblasts after ultraviolet irradiation. AB - The effect of uv irradiation on the recovery of DNA synthesis is examined in a population of hare fibroblasts exhibiting heterozygosity with reference to the X linked enzyme, glucose-6-phosphate-dehydrogenase (G-6-PD). These cells have been grown from skin explants of a hybrid female cross between Lepus timidus (female) and L. europaeus (male), the former carrying the G-6-PD gene for the slow-moving "T" variant and the latter with the fast-moving "E" variant gene. The hybrid, therefore, exhibits genetic mosaicism due to random inactivation in each cell, of one of the two X chromosomes in the embryonic stage. Exponentially growing cells from 13 fibroblast strains, comprising a wide range of E to T ratios, were exposed to moderately low dose of uv irradiation (6 J/m2). The recovery in DNA synthesis during the 2- to 8-h postirradiation period was calculated as the mean percentage rates of [3H]thymidine incorporated during the time as compared to the unirradiated zero-time controls. The results show a statistically significant positive correlation as determined by linear regression analysis between the levels of E and the rate of recovery in DNA synthesis. This is valid also at the higher dose of uv (21 J/m2). These results strengthen our earlier observations with 25-hydroxycholesterol that in the in vitro system the cell expressing the E variant is perhaps more resistant to cytotoxic agents. This also indicates that various factors contribute to the development of monotypism which include cell growth, cell death, mutation, and selection, to name a few. PMID- 6510509 TI - Mosaicism in female hybrid hares heterozygous for glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. VI. Production of monotypism in the aortas of 4 of 10 mosaic hares fed cholesterol oxidation products. AB - The normal aortic tissue of black women heterozygous for glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD) usually consists of two cell phenotypes (mosaicism). By electrophoresis two G-6-PD types are demonstrated (ditypism). Advanced atherosclerotic lesions from such women not infrequently yield samples displaying only one G-6-PD type (monotypism). Possible causes for the monotypism include (1) monoclonal origin of the lesion and (2) selective growth and/or survival advantage of one phenotype over the other. We have been attempting to produce monotypism in the aortas of a hybrid hare model that displays G-6-PD mosaicism in the normal state. In the current study 14 G-6-PD mosaic hares were fed a high cholesterol diet for 6 to 17 months. All developed extensive moderately severe (as compared to humans) atherosclerotic lesions. No monotypic samples were found. Ten hares were fed (in addition to the standard high-cholesterol diet) small doses of one of two cholesterol oxidation products (25-hydroxycholesterol or triol) for 6 to 21 months. Four of the ten developed monotypic foci in either atherosclerotic lesions or normal aortic tissue or both. The reason for giving the oxidation products was because they are cytotoxic for cells in vitro and one (25-hydroxycholesterol) had been shown to be more toxic for one phenotype than the other with cultured fibroblasts from the mosaic hares (not infrequently resulting in the culture becoming monotypic). We suggest that the monotypism observed in vivo was probably produced by a mechanism similar to that operating in vitro. PMID- 6510510 TI - X-ray microanalysis of the rat parotid gland after chronic sympathectomimetic stimulation. AB - The effects of chronic treatment with isoproterenol, reserpine, prenalterol, and terbutaline on rat parotid gland were investigated by electron microscopy and X ray microanalysis. Chronic isoproterenol treatment induced lower potassium and calcium concentrations in the acinar cells. The cells were enlarged and contained more and larger zymogen granules than acinar cells in the controls. The zymogen granules contained markedly less sulfur, potassium, and calcium than in control animals. Prenalterol had effects similar to those of isoproterenol, but less pronounced, whereas terbutaline had no significant effects. Chronic treatment with reserpine caused a decrease in calcium levels but did not affect potassium levels. The changes in elemental composition in parotid acinar cells after chronic treatment with isoproterenol and reserpine differed from those induced by the same treatment in the submandibular gland of the rat. PMID- 6510511 TI - The comparative effects of methylmercuric chloride and mercuric chloride upon DNA synthesis in mouse fetal astrocytes in vitro. AB - The relative effects of direct exposure to methylmercuric chloride (MMC) and mercuric chloride (MC) upon [3H]thymidine incorporation were determined using cultured mouse fetal astrocytes. The labeling indices of cells exposed to MMC were significantly lower than those of cells exposed to equimolar concentrations of MC. These results indicate that on a mole-for-mole basis, MMC is much more deleterious upon DNA synthesis of mouse fetal astrocytes than those of MC. PMID- 6510512 TI - Serum bile acid in the evaluation of colchicine treatment of carbon tetrachloride induced liver injury. AB - The usefulness of measuring serum-conjugated bile acid concentrations by radioimmunoassay in colchicine-modified carbon tetrachloride-induced liver lesions in rats was assessed by comparing the concentrations with the results of some routinely employed liver function tests such as serum aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, and serum total protein. The serum cholylglycine levels were significantly (P less than 0.003) raised along with the serum aspartate transaminase (P less than 0.01) and alanine transaminase (P less than 0.01) activity levels in the carbon tetrachloride treated group of rats when compared with the group treated with carbon tetrachloride plus colchicine. Colchicine prevented the increase in serum cholylglycine, aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, and alkaline phosphatase induced by carbon tetrachloride but had no effect on serum total protein levels. This study suggests that radioimmunoassay of serum cholyglycine is a sensitive and specific indicator of liver injury and it is a useful tool in monitoring the treatment provided. PMID- 6510513 TI - A description of the damaged DNA produced during tissue injury. AB - Warm ischemia produces DNA damage which is characterized by both single- and double-strand breaks with 5'-PO4 and 3'-OH ends. In contrast, cold ischemia produces mostly single-strand breaks for the first 60 hr and then, abruptly, double-strand damage is produced. Cold ischemia produces both 5'-OH and 5'-PO4 termini, but 5'-OH ends do not appear until after 24 hr of storage. Cold ischemia, also produces 3'-PO4 ends but we have not found any 3'-OH termini. Mechanisms for DNA degradation during warm and cold ischemia are presented to account for these results. It is suggested that damage to the genetic code may be prevented if degradation of the DNA can be confined to the production of the easily repairable 5'-PO4/3'-OH opposed ends. PMID- 6510514 TI - Comparative evaluation of structure and micromeritics properties of magnesium stearate. PMID- 6510515 TI - [Effect of Centella asiatica on the biosynthetic activity of fibroblasts in culture]. PMID- 6510516 TI - Mass spectrometry of 1,4-thienodiazepin-2-ones. PMID- 6510517 TI - [Alkyl-6-benzoxazolinones. A chemical and pharmacodynamic study]. AB - A series of 6-alkylbenzoxazolinones was synthesized by reduction of corresponding acyl derivatives. Two reduction processes were used, Clemmensen reduction and triethylsilane-trifluoroacetic acid reduction, but only the latter represents a general procedure for synthesis of alkyl derivatives. Pharmacological study shows that reduction of the carbonyl group is accompanied by a decrease of analgesic activity with appearance of a psycholeptic profile. PMID- 6510518 TI - Synthesis of new 2-(2-phenylethenyl)-4-oxo-4H-pyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidine-7 carboxylic acids. AB - New 2-(2-phenylethenyl)-4-oxo-4H-pyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidine-7-carboxylic acids with a hydroxy or alkoxy substituent in the 3-position were synthesized as potential antiallergic agents. None of them was effective in passive cutaneous anaphylactic reaction test in the rat. PMID- 6510519 TI - Synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of imidazopyridinium derivatives as neuromuscular blocking agents. AB - A series of new imidazo[1,2-a]pyridinium derivatives have been prepared and studied as neuromuscular blocking agents in rats. These new substances are structurally related to fazadinium whose heterocyclic moieties were retained. All the new synthetized compounds are endowed with competitive neuromuscular blocking activity both in vitro and in vivo. Some were found to be equieffective with fazadinium with similar cardiovascular effects while some others possess more favorable therapeutic indexes. PMID- 6510520 TI - Pyrrolnitrin analogues. IX. Synthesis and biological activity of 1-tolyl-3 nitrophenyl-5-methylpyrazole-4-carboxylic acids and 1-tolyl-3-methyl-5 nitrophenylpyrazole-4-carboxylic acids. AB - The syntheses of all the possible 1-tolyl-3-nitrophenyl-5-methylpyrazole-4 carboxylic acids, 1-tolyl-3-methyl-5-nitrophenylprazole-4-carboxylic acids and of the corresponding carboxylates are reported. Several 1,3- and 1,5-diarylpyrazole derivatives were subjected to in vitro antibacterial screenings. Some acids showed activity against some strains of gram-positive bacteria. The results are discussed on the basis of structure-activity relationships. PMID- 6510521 TI - Amino acid sequence of the N-terminal region of human hemopexin. AB - Cyanogen bromide digestion of hemopexin at its 6 methionine residues results in 7 fragments (CB1-CB7) partially connected by disulfide bridges. By sequence studies of fragments CB1-CB4 and peptides prepared by their enzyme cleavage, a continuous amino acid sequence of the N-terminal region of human hemopexin, comprising 220 amino acid residues, was determined. The presence of intramolecular disulfide bonds, connecting half-cystine residues 126/130 and 165/170, was proved in fragments CB2 and CB3. Fragments CB1-CB4 include 5 sites, where hexosamine oligosaccharides are attached (positions 1,41,164,217 and probably 223). In the sequenced region two sites sensitive to acid hydrolysis--bonds ... Asp--Pro ... in positions 20/21 and 187/188 were found. In spite of the fact that pooled material of many donors was studied, no sequence heterogeneity was discovered. PMID- 6510522 TI - Inhibition by alloxan of mitochondrial aconitase and other enzymes associated with the citric acid cycle. AB - Considerable variations were found in the in vitro effect of alloxan on mouse liver enzymes associated with the citric acid cycle. The following approximative alloxan concentrations induced 50% inhibition of enzyme activity: 10(-6)M for aconitase, 10(-4)M for NAD-linked isocitrate dehydrogenase, glutamate dehydrogenase, alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase, succinyl-CoA synthetase and fumarase, and 10(-3)M for citrate synthase and NADP-linked isocitrate dehydrogenase. Pyruvate dehydrogenase, succinate dehydrogenase and malate dehydrogenase were not inhibited by 10(-3)M alloxan. The inhibition of aconitase was competitive both when using mouse liver and purified porcine heart enzyme. The Ki values for the purified enzyme in the presence of 5 microM alloxan were 0.22 microM with citrate, 4.0 microM with cis-aconitate and 0.62 microM with isocitrate as substrate. The high sensitivity of aconitase for inhibition by alloxan probably plays a prominent role for the toxic effects of alloxan. PMID- 6510523 TI - Inhibition of glutathione efflux in the recirculating rat liver perfusion by cysteine but not by oxothiazolidine carboxylate, an intracellular cysteine precursor. AB - In the recirculating rat liver perfusion a continuous release of glutathione into the perfusion medium is observed. Addition of L-cysteine to the perfusion medium immediately arrested this glutathione efflux. The cysteine precursor oxothiazolidine carboxylate did not block the glutathione efflux in spite of the fact that it generated more L-cysteine inside the liver cells than L-cysteine itself; L-cysteine is rapidly oxidized to cystine, that is no longer taken up by the liver. The results suggest that the inhibition of glutathione efflux results from the presence of cystine in the perfusion medium. PMID- 6510524 TI - Phorbol esters stimulate spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase activity in mitogen-stimulated bovine lymphocytes. AB - Phorbol 12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA) is shown to induce spermidine/spermine N1 acetyltransferase, a rate-limiting enzyme of polyamine biodegradation, in bovine lymphocytes. When PMA and phytohemagglutinin (PHA) were added simultaneously, the enzyme activity was stimulated synergistically. The ability of phorbol esters to stimulate the enzyme activity was consistent with their tumor-promoting ability. Phorbol, which is not a tumor promotor, was incapable of stimulating the enzyme activity. Phorbol diacetate weakly stimulated the activity of the acetylase. Phorbol dibutyrate had a similar stimulatory effect to PMA. These results suggest that the spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase may play an important role in changes in polyamine levels in phorbol ester-treated cells and that the increase in the enzyme activity may have some relationship to the control of cell growth and differentiation by phorbol esters. PMID- 6510525 TI - [Topography of the electrical potentials of the human brain and dominance]. AB - In performance of two sensorimotor tasks (the reaction time and stimulus recognition), different scalp topography of human early and late CNV components was revealed. The topography appears to reflect the dominant structure of intracerebral relationships determined by a performed task. PMID- 6510526 TI - [The problem of the functional meaning of EEG indices and the principle of dominance]. AB - CNV was studied from the Ukhtomsky dominant theory standpoint in subjects performing four different types of tasks. The CNV appears to have a complicated spatial-temporal organization and can be satisfactorily described with the aid of four relatively independent components differing from each other in their location, time of development and sensitivity to varying of monitored variables. PMID- 6510527 TI - [Research on the anterior hypothalamic formations in tissue culture]. AB - Using diffusion chambers and short-term tissue culture, fragments from the supraoptic nucleus of the rat hypothalamus were cultivated. The tissue culture was studied by means of morphological, histological, autoradiographic, electron microscopic and vital-microscopic techniques. The tissue culture was shown to possess neurosecretory cells containing acetylcholinesterase and responding to acetylcholine with changes of morphometric nuclear and cytoplasm indices, with depression of the secretory protein efflux to the incubation medium, and the decrease of H3-leucine and D-xylose influx to the cells. PMID- 6510528 TI - [Photoreceptor organization of the receptive fields of the frog retina and the patterns of visual signal processing]. AB - Structural and functional organization of the photoreceptor inputs of ganglion cells in the frog retina receptive fields to moving dark stimuli and contribution of the cone and rod systems in these processes, were studied. The relationship of the complete spatial summation of the cones system and intensity of the red stimuli indicates the leading role of the cones in the center of the field. Moving stimuli activate different photo-receptors depending on their speed. Slow stimuli activate the cones and the rapid ones activate the rod system. PMID- 6510529 TI - [Role of noradrenaline in the synaptic processes in individual hippocampal neurons under self stimulation]. AB - In response to electrical self-stimulation of the hypothalamus, 5 out of 22 neurons of the hippocampus (fields CA2, CA3, dentate fascia) were inhibited and 9 neurons were activated. Micro-iontophoretic application of noradrenaline weakened the activation response and had no obvious effect on the inhibitory responses. The data obtained disagree with the noradrenergic hypothesis of positive reinforcement mediation (at the level of the brain hippocampal structures). PMID- 6510530 TI - [Directional selectivity of the neurons of the superior colliculi in the cat: the effect of the rate of movement of a stimulus]. AB - Responses to stimuli moving with velocities of 3-180 degrees X sec-1 were studied in each of four axes (eight directions) separated by 45 degrees in neurons of the cat superior colliculus. 69% of units were directionally selective. In 55% of all the neurons the directional selectivity depended on stimulus velocity and was the largest for high velocities (over 10-30 degrees X sec-1). The preferred direction for some neurons was reversed with velocity increasing. The directional selectivity-velocity relationships were compared for the cat superior colliculus and visual cortex and discussed in regard to probable role of this phenomenon in the oculomotor system. PMID- 6510531 TI - [Effect of microiontophoretic exposure to H+ and HCO3(-) on the bioelectric activity and redox status of the neurons in bulbar chemosensitive areas]. AB - Microiontophoretic application of H+ and H+ + HCO-3 to optically monitored multipolar neurons in the caudal and intermediate bulbar chemosensitive areas increased their firing rate and induced discharges in previously "silent" neurons. A reverse effect occurred in some cases. An interrelationship was revealed between changes of the neurons redox-state and the parameters of their spike activity. PMID- 6510532 TI - Comparative studies on spermatogenesis in the pigeon and toad as influenced by testosterone propionate and progesterone. PMID- 6510533 TI - The effect of radioactive iodine on brain acetylcholine and serotonin in normal and stress subjected rats. PMID- 6510534 TI - The effect of long term administration of dieldrin on biochemical components in blood serum of albino rats. PMID- 6510535 TI - The influence of ultrasounds on the number and activity of Gomori-positive glial cells in the brain of mice. PMID- 6510536 TI - Effects of X-irradiation and serotonin treatment of porton mice on the first day of pregnancy. PMID- 6510537 TI - Changes in the histoenzymatic activity in maternal rat liver following oral cadmium administration before and during pregnancy. PMID- 6510538 TI - [Study of growth hormone in spontaneous dwarf rat]. AB - In 1977, in the Research Laboratories, Morishita Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., we were fortunate to discover that small mutant rats named Spontaneous Dwarf Rat (gene symbol dr), inherited an autosomal recessive. In previous papers, we reported that these rats might be characterized by a defect of growth hormone (GH). In this paper, we carried out the studies of the secretory cells and GH deficiency in the pituitary glands of +/dr and dr/dr rats using immunohistochemistry, electron microscopy and acrylamide gel electrophoresis. ACTH, PRL and GH secretory cells in the pituitary gland respectively identified with antiserum to porcine ACTH, rat PRL and ovine GH by indirect method of immunohistochemistry. In the pituitary of dr/dr rats, ACTH and PRL secretory cells were confirmed, but none of the cells were stained with ovine GH antiserum. Using electron microscopy, GH secretory cells could not be identified precisely although the other cells were identified in the pituitary gland of dr/dr rats. With the analysis of pituitary homogenate by acrylamide gel electrophoresis, PRL band appeared in dr/dr rats but GH did not. These results obviously indicated that the inhibition of body weight in dr/dr rats was caused by the absence of GH in the anterior pituitary. Therefore, the Spontaneous Dwarf Rat may be a useful animal model for human dwarfism caused by isolated GH deficiency. PMID- 6510540 TI - [Migration and chemotaxis of donor leukocytes modified by serum of psoriasis patients and psoriasis scale extracts]. PMID- 6510539 TI - [An improved method for plasma methimazole assay and its clinical application]. AB - An improved method for plasma methimazole assay using high performance liquid chromatography is described. The plasma samples were treated with sodium bisulfite and ammonium sulfate prior to extraction with chloroform. This pretreatment of the samples raised the extraction coefficient to 90%, while simple extraction yielded only 55%. The minimal detection limit was 0.02 microgram/ml, and the coefficient of variation at the level of 0.2 and 1.0 microgram/ml was less than 5%. Pharmacokinetics of methimazole was studied after a single oral dose (20 mg/m2) in six subjects including two healthy adults and four thyrotoxic children. Plasma levels of methimazole showed a peak concentration of 1.03 +/- 0.25 microgram/ml approximately one hour after the drug administration. Plasma half-life, area under the curve and distribution volume were 4.56 +/- 0.71 hr, 7.05 +/- 0.95 microgram/ml X hr, and 630 +/- 110 ml/kg respectively. PMID- 6510542 TI - [Aquagenic pruritus]. PMID- 6510541 TI - [Shock syndrome caused by lidocaine hydrochloride (Xylocitin)]. PMID- 6510543 TI - Comparison of glycosylated hemoglobin with the oral glucose tolerance test. A study in subjects with normoglycemia, glucose intolerance and non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. AB - At a health survey of 819 subjects, 47-54 years old, the rate of glucose intolerance (GI) was 6.2% (51 subjects) according to 75 g oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT) and WHO criteria. In GI-subjects, the mean HbA1 was 7.3% (10th-90th percentile range 6.2-8.3%), and significantly higher than the mean HbA1 in 150 subjects with normal OGTT, which was 6.5% (10th-90th percentile range 5.7-7.4%). With an upper normal limit of 7.8% (mean + 2 SD) only 20% of all GI-subjects had a raised HbA1. The differences between 31 GI-subjects, with low HbA1 (mean 6.9%), and 20 GI-subjects, with relatively high HbA1 (mean 7.9%), were not significant with respect to fasting and 2-hour blood glucose, area under glucose curve, body mass index, index of physical activity, rate of hypertension or rate of first degree relatives with diabetes. In an unselected group of 157 subjects, sampled consecutively during the first part of the survey, the mean HbA1 was 6.6% (10th 90th percentile range 5.8-7.5 %) 150 subjects were those with normal OGTT, 6 subjects had GI and only one subject had previously unknown diabetes. No distinct correlations between HbA1 and OGTT fasting or 2 hour values were found in this sample. No correlation was found within the separate groups of 51 GI-subjects and 150 normal subjects.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6510544 TI - The effect of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion on serum lipids. AB - The effect of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) on serum lipids was examined in 2 groups of insulin dependent diabetic patients. Twelve paired patients selected by a random procedure to be treated with CSII or conventional insulin injections had lipids measured monthly for 6 months. A more heterogenous group of 13 CSII treated patients including the 6 randomised patients had lipids measured initially and after their maximum duration of CSII (range 3 to 18 months). Significant falls were seen in HbAI, plasma glucose and triglycerides in CSII treated patients whether the 6 randomised or the group of 13 were examined. High density, lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) rose significantly in both groups. In the larger group of 13, a drop in the low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL C) to HDL-C ratio and LDL-C was also seen. Control patients showed no significant changes. These findings confirm but are slightly different from improvements in lipids found in other studies of long-term CSII. In addition it was demonstrated that these changes could be maintained in patients managed outside the strict rigors of a controlled study. PMID- 6510545 TI - [Symptoms and incidence of hypoglycemia in 100 insulin dependent diabetics]. AB - The aim of this study was to discover the frequency and the symptoms of hypoglycaemic reaction and coma. One hundred type I diabetic patients answered an oral questionnaire and explained how they were awaken from their hypoglycaemicoma. The frequency of hypoglycaemic reaction was from one a day to one a year. 41 patients had nocturnal hypoglycaemic reactions. Our patients described 27 different symptoms of oncoming attack; however, not all of these symptoms was experienced by any one of the patients. Treatment of hypoglycaemic reaction was administered correctly but at the precise moment of the interview, 13% of patients had no carbohydrates with them. 42 patients had had hypoglycaemic reaction but no coma. Shared between 48 patients were 578 insulin years and 148 comas. Treatment of hypoglycaemic coma was variable: 20 patients remained at home receiving appropriate treatment; 33 were always hospitalised on attack and 20 were still comatous on each admission. The explanation of hypoglycaemic attack was variable; an emotional factor was given by 19% of patients. Both type I diabetic patients and their immediate entourage should be made aware of all the symptoms of oncoming attack and of the treatment of hypoglycaemic coma. Systematic glycemic auto control should testify to the existence of genuine hypoglycaemic reaction and perhaps diminish its supposed frequency. PMID- 6510546 TI - Reticulocyte counts and haemoglobin glycosylation in diabetes. PMID- 6510547 TI - Laws and policies affecting fertility: a decade of change. PMID- 6510548 TI - Androgen-estrogen synergy in rat levator ani muscle: glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. AB - The effects of castration and hormone administration on the activity of glucose-6 phosphate dehydrogenase in the rat levator ani muscle were studied. Castration caused a decrease in enzyme activity and in wet weight of the levator ani muscle. Chronic administration of testosterone propionate increased glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity in the levator ani muscle of castrated rats; the magnitude of the recovery of enzyme activity was related to the length of time of exposure to testosterone propionate after castration as well as to the length of time the animals were castrated. The longer the period of castration before exposure to testosterone propionate, the greater the effect. This result may be related to previously reported castration-mediated increases in androgen receptor binding in muscle. Dihydrotestosterone was less effective than testosterone propionate in enhancing glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity in the levator ani muscle from castrated rats; estradiol-17 beta alone was ineffective. Combined treatment with estradiol-17 beta and dihydrotestosterone, however, was as effective as testosterone alone. Thus, androgens and estrogens may exert synergistic effects on levator ani muscle. PMID- 6510549 TI - Regulation by estrogen receptor of vitellogenin gene transcription in Xenopus hepatocyte cultures. AB - We have used primary cell cultures of hepatocytes from male or female Xenopus laevis to study the mechanisms by which estrogen induces vitellogenin gene transcription and how primary exposure to estrogen renders cells more responsive to secondary stimulation. We have characterized the estrogen receptor in hormonally naive cells and in hepatocytes treated with estrogen under a variety of conditions. Under all conditions the receptor has a Kd congruent to 4 X 10( 10) M. Hormonally naive male cells contain 300 binding sites whereas female cells or male cells previously exposed to estradiol exhibit 6-7-fold higher levels. In parallel cultures, the absolute rate of vitellogenin gene transcription was determined by hybridization of newly synthesized RNA pulse-labelled with [3H]uridine to cloned Xenopus vitellogenin cDNA. Naive male cells on primary stimulation with estradiol synthesized vitellogenin mRNA at an average rate of approximately 150 moles/cell/h compared to 1200 moles/cell/h for cells previously exposed to estrogen, thus bearing a close correlation with receptor number. Furthermore, we show that the kinetics of the induced up-regulation of receptor exactly parallel those of the increase in the rate of vitellogenin gene transcription upon secondary hormonal stimulation following various periods of primary exposure to estrogen. Addition of cycloheximide to cell cultures during primary estrogen treatment abolishes both receptor up-regulation and increased rate of vitellogenin gene transcription on secondary stimulation. In addition, primary treatment with the antiestrogen tamoxifen prevents both receptor up regulation and an enhanced rate of transcription or accumulation of vitellogenin mRNA on secondary hormonal exposure. These results demonstrate that estrogen treatment of male Xenopus hepatocytes results in the rapid up-regulation of its own receptor to female levels via new receptor synthesis, and that receptor number is rate-limiting in vitellogenin gene transcription. PMID- 6510550 TI - Androgen regulation of protein synthesis in the seminal vesicle fibromuscular stroma. AB - The fibromuscular stroma (FMS) separated from the seminal vesicles of adult guinea pigs incorporated [35S]methionine into a 12 500 X g soluble fraction in vitro. Incorporation decreased 60% in tissues from 7-day castrates with no further change up to 21 days post-castration. Administration of 5 alpha dihydrotestosterone prevented this decrease. Castration did not appear to increase the degradation of newly synthesized protein, or to alter the distribution between soluble and particulate subcellular fractions. Using SDS PAGE and fluorography to quantitate [35S]methionine incorporation into specific proteins, three protein classes were identified which responded differentially to castration: (1) bands at 110 000 and 24 000 Mr decreased by 95%; (2) bands at 58 000 and 97 000 Mr were unchanged; (3) multiple bands decreased in proportion to total incorporation. Administration of 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone could not fully maintain, at control levels, the synthesis of the 110 000 and 24 000 Mr bands. These results demonstrate that the FMS of the guinea pig seminal vesicle can serve as a useful model system for studying hormonally regulated functions of male sex accessory stromal tissue. PMID- 6510551 TI - Interaction of extracellular calcium and magnesium in the regulation of cytosolic calcium and PTH release in dispersed bovine parathyroid cells. AB - We examined the effects of varying the extracellular magnesium (Mg2+) concentration at different extracellular calcium (Ca2+) concentrations on cytosolic Ca2+ and PTH release in dispersed bovine parathyroid cells using the fluorescent, Ca2+-sensitive dye QUIN-2. Raising extracellular Mg2+ from 0.5 to 5 mM produced significant (p less than 0.01) increases in cytosolic Ca2+ from 228 +/- 13 to 306 +/- 15 nM at 0.5 mM extracellular Ca2+ and from 199 +/- 9 to 299 +/ 19 nM at 1.0 mM extracellular Ca2+. The concentration of extracellular Mg2+ which produced half of the maximal increase in cytosolic Ca2+ was significantly higher, however, at 0.5 mM than at 1.0 mM extracellular Ca2+ [3.3 +/- 0.16 (n = 5) vs. 2.0 +/- 0.08 mM Mg2+ (n = 6), p less than 0.01]. High extracellular Mg2+ (5 mM) was associated with a similar inhibition of PTH release at 0.5 and 1.0 mM Ca2+ [67 +/- 2% (n = 4) and 59 +/- 5% (n = 7), respectively], but half-maximal inhibition of secretion occurred at a higher Mg2+ concentration with 0.5 than with 1.0 mM Ca2+ [3.5 +/- 0.43 (n = 4) vs. 2.0 +/- 0.21 mM (n = 5), respectively, p less than 0.01]. In contrast, in cells exposed to subphysiological extracellular Ca2+ concentrations (less than or equal to 10(-6) M), 5 mM Mg2+ had little or no effect on either cytosolic Ca2+ or PTH release. At 10 mM extracellular Mg2+ with less than or equal to 10(-6) M Ca2+, PTH release was inhibited 55 +/- 3% (n = 6).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6510552 TI - The composition and distribution of lipid granules in the rat ovary. AB - Lipid granules in ovaries of immature rats were confined to the interstitial tissue, and comprised 70% cholesteryl esters and 20% triacylglycerols, the balance being phospholipid and free cholesterol. Following treatment with gonadotropin the interstitial granules disappeared as cholesteryl esters were hydrolysed, but reformed in the follicle as it developed, first in the theca, then in the outer granulosa and finally in the inner cells. The cholesteryl ester: triacylglycerol ratio fell during follicular growth, but in the corpus luteum the ratio in the widely distributed granules was 1:1. Esterified fatty acids in both cholesteryl esters and triacylglycerols became longer and more unsaturated as development progressed. The same progression of granules across the follicles was evident in ovaries of normal adult rats. We concluded that lipid granules in interstitial tissue supplied the substrates for synthesis of new cells in adjacent developing follicles, and those in corpora lutea were a prerequisite for steroidogenic competence. PMID- 6510553 TI - Behavioral development: a goal-directed dialogue. PMID- 6510554 TI - Influence of neonatal handling on blood pressure, locomotor activity, and preweanling heart rate in spontaneously hypertensive and Wistar Kyoto rats. AB - This experiment tested the hypothesis that increased stimulation early in development would (a) alter developmental changes in heart rate and behavioral reactivity and (b) affect the level at which blood pressure was regulated in adulthood. For this purpose, the effects of daily handling and maternal separation (3 min per day) on both behavioral and cardiovascular measures were examined in spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) and normotensive control Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats. Prior to weaning, elevated heart rates in pups handled during the first postnatal week were most pronounced among 4-week-old prehypertensive SHR pups. Early handling affected behavior observed during open-field testing similarly in young adult rats of the SHR and WKY strains (e.g., increased locomotor activity on the first day of testing). In female rats of the WKY strain, early handling resulted in a lower baseline blood pressure; the blood pressure of SHR rats was not affected by increased stimulation in infancy. Examination of longitudinal data yielded no support for a direct association between behavioral reactivity or preweanling heart rate and high blood pressure. These findings demonstrate the influence of both early environmental conditions and genetic factors on maturation within the cardiovascular system and suggest that genetic models of pathological conditions may provide a productive means of examining environmentally shaped aspects of individual differences in physiological regulation. PMID- 6510555 TI - Development of sound production in normal, isolated, and deafened kittens during the first postnatal months. AB - The development of calls (quantified by a series of acoustic parameters) of (a) normal, (b) socially isolated, and (c) deafened kittens that were released in four different situations has been studied from birth to 170 days of age. All call parameters studied except noise components show developmental changes that can be related to the development of (a) the vocal tract (fundamental frequency, harmonic with maximum intensity, upper-frequency limit and frequency range, occurrence of frequency, and intensity modulations), (b) feedback control through the auditory system (sound-pressure level, harmonic with maximum intensity, call variability), and (c) motivational valuation of the releasing situations (duration). Isolated and deafened kittens displayed quantitative differences in certain call parameters compared with normal animals. Calls of deafened animals are, on the average, louder, more tonal and uniform, and differentially pitched compared with those of normal, hearing animals. PMID- 6510556 TI - Techniques for observing fetal behavior in utero: a comparison of chemomyelotomy and spinal transection. AB - Two procedures--chemomyelotomy and spinal transection--have been utilized to chemically block or physically sever the spinal cord of pregnant rats, enabling direct observation of fetal behavior without the use of anesthesia. The effect of each procedure on fetal behavior was studied at four gestational ages (Days 17, 18, 19, and 20). Substantial differences in fetal activity were found between chemomyelotomy and spinal transection groups, including differences in the overall level of activity as well as the pattern of developmental change of behavior. Such differential effects indicate that chemomyelotomy and spinal transection are not equivalent maternal preparations in the study of fetal behavior. PMID- 6510557 TI - Eye-opening in kittens: effects of light and some biological factors. AB - Individual variation in the age of eye-opening was studied in 158 kittens. The abiotic and the biotic environments affected eye-opening. Eyes opened earlier in total darkness than in light, and earlier in kittens of young mothers than those of older mothers. Female kittens tended to open their eyes earlier than males, and a paternity effect appeared. PMID- 6510558 TI - Progression of muscular dystrophy assessed by computed tomography. AB - To determine whether computerised tomography (CT) offers an accurate means of following the progression of Duchenne muscular dystrophy, CT scans through the thigh and calf were done on two occasions, six months apart, for 13 boys with the disease. The results suggest that CT scans of muscles may be used as an adjunct to other methods in the accurate assessment of progression. PMID- 6510559 TI - Prediction of reading disability in twin boys. AB - Thirty-six twin boys aged between nine and 13 were assessed for intelligence and reading disability. Records of their birth status, early language development and social demographic characteristics were also available. 72 per cent of the sample had an accuracy reading age below their chronological age, and 59 per cent had a comprehension reading age below their chronological age, despite above-normal IQ. The best predictor of reading disability was preschool language status, accounting for 33 per cent of the variance in accuracy reading age discrepancy, and 23 per cent in comprehension reading age discrepancy in regression equations. This study shows that male twins are at very high risk for reading disability, and also offers support for the claim that language disability is basic to the development of reading problems. PMID- 6510560 TI - The readability of health-care literature. AB - The readability of health-related pamphlets intended for the British public was compared with that of English national newspapers. Many of the pamphlets were found to be less readable than desirable. Pamphlets issued by government departments (principally the Department of Health and Social Security) were assessed as particularly difficult to read, but some specialist and commercially produced pamphlets also gave cause for concern. A small number of specially produced 'baby books' were found to have more suitable levels of prose difficulty. It is suggested that readability formulae can be a useful tool in the initial assessment of health education literature. PMID- 6510561 TI - Hand function in cerebral palsy: the effect of hip-flexion angle. AB - This study tested the hypothesis that increasing hip flexion above 90 degrees would improve hand function in seated cerebral-palsied children with extensor spasticity. Hand function was measured objectively at four hip-flexion angles in an experimental group and a control group. The results showed no significant differences in performance. However, seat angles 10 degrees and 20 degrees above horizontal were least often described as uncomfortable. The results show that, contrary to current belief, increasing hip-flexion angle in seating for a child with cerebral palsy and extensor spasticity appears to have no effect on hand function. PMID- 6510562 TI - A treatment programme for faecal incontinence. AB - The authors describe their method of treating children with faecal incontinence, which is a combined treatment approach and includes intensive physiotherapy. An initial pilot study of 31 children showed that 20 maintained their remission one year after completing the programme. PMID- 6510563 TI - Natural history and predictive significance of head-banging, head-rolling and breath-holding spells. AB - A five-year follow-up study of children who had had spells of head-banging or breath-holding at three years was carried out to see whether these symptoms have any behavioural sequelae. Of 36 children with breath-holding spells at three years, none still had them. 34 children had had spells of head-banging, and three still had the symptom at follow-up. The children with a history of head-banging were more restless and emotionally unstable at follow-up, but there was no significant difference between the index groups and their controls in other problems of behaviour or development. PMID- 6510564 TI - The development of abused children. AB - Thirty-nine children were reviewed who had suffered child abuse at an average of 5 1/2 years earlier. In comparison with a group matched for socio-economic status, the abused children performed significantly lower on the Wechsler Intelligence Scale, and were more delayed in language development and reading ability. Their teachers' assessments of behaviour showed significantly more abnormal profiles than in the comparison group. These differences could not be accounted for by the small proportion of known head-injuries in the abused group. Child abuse has long-term effects, so it is necessary that these children are thoroughly assessed at first presentation, and that they are followed with a specific programme aimed at preventing these sequelae. PMID- 6510565 TI - Influence of early mother-infant contact on dyadic behaviour during the first month of life. AB - An experimental group of 30 newborn infants had contact with their mothers for half an hour in the delivery room, and a control group followed the usual hospital routine, being shown briefly to their mothers before being taken to the nursery. In both groups permanent rooming-in began from the sixth hour of life. The infants' behaviour was assessed one, three and 28 days after birth by means of the Brazelton scale, and the behaviour of the dyad was observed during feeding on the third and 28th day. Infants in the experimental group interacted significantly better on days three and 28, and their mothers had higher scores for affectionate behaviour on the 28th day. PMID- 6510566 TI - A patient with myasthenia gravis and progressive dystonia with marked diurnal fluctuation. AB - The authors describe a Chinese girl with myasthenia gravis and progressive dystonia with marked diurnal fluctuation. A combination of L-dopa and pyridostigmine therapy resulted in control of the myasthenic symptoms and disappearance of the dystonia. PMID- 6510567 TI - Munchausen by proxy and brain damage. PMID- 6510568 TI - Where have all the CP children gone?--the needs of adults. PMID- 6510569 TI - Parents' opinions in 1956 and in 1979 about the etiology of cerebral palsy. PMID- 6510570 TI - Effect of low dosage of interferon on natural killer activity in patients with HBsAg-positive chronic active hepatitis. AB - The effect of human leukocyte interferon (IFN) on natural killer (NK) activity in 7 patients with HBsAg-positive chronic active hepatitis was investigated. Human leukocyte IFN was intramuscularly given once a week for 4 consecutive weeks (10 X 10(5), 5 X 10(5), 2 X 10(5) and 1 X 10(5) U). 1 week after the initial injection, NK activity showed a significant rise compared with the preinjection levels (p less than 0.001) and remained elevated during the 1-month treatment, while it fell after the cessation of IFN therapy. 4 of 5 patients showed a marked decrease in Dane particle-associated DNA-polymerase activity. Serum HBeAg disappeared in 3 of 6 patients and serum transaminase levels markedly improved in all patients. Only a transient reduction in HBsAg was observed in 2 patients after the treatment period. The findings indicate that a low dosage of human leukocyte IFN such as 18 X 10(5) U, administered in decreasing doses, enhances NK activity in patients with HBsAg-positive chronic active hepatitis, and that the effect of IFN is involved in the immune mechanisms associated with natural cytotoxicity. PMID- 6510571 TI - Colonic motility in the postoperative period. AB - The effect of a laparotomy on postoperative motility in the colon has been studied in dogs. Movement has been recorded by an electrical impedance method each day after a standard laparotomy. Mean values of movement in the descending colon were reduced, not abolished, for 3 days after operation (preoperative: 34.0%; day 1: 17.9%; day 2: 22.1%; day 3: 23.9%). In contrast, there was no reduction in motility in the transverse colon but a rise in activity on the first postoperative day (preoperative: 39.1%; day 1: 63.3%). It is concluded that a laparotomy does not abolish colonic movement postoperatively and that there is a reduction which affects the distal colon for 3 days. PMID- 6510572 TI - Comparison of a monitored dose with a standard dose of chenodeoxycholic acid for gallstone dissolution. AB - The ability of chenodeoxycholic acid to dissolve gallstones was compared using different dosage regimens in two groups of 21 patients. The groups were closely matched for patient factors and stone characteristics known to influence the outcome of dissolution treatment. The patients in one group received a standard dose of chenodeoxycholic acid (15 mg/kg/day) taken at mealtimes. The patients in the second group received a bedtime dose of chenodeoxycholic acid which was sufficient to result in a proportion of this bile acid of 70% in the bile acid pool. This dose was monitored using serum bile acid profiles and varied within this test group (range 5.1-13.9 mg/kg/day). The number of patients whose stones completely dissolved in 12 months was similar in the standard-dose (7 of 21) and monitored-dose (8 of 21) groups. These results suggest that a bedtime dose of chenodeoxycholic acid, which is monitored to produce a level of 70% chenodeoxycholic acid in the biliary bile acid pool, is lower than the standard dose taken after meals but is of comparable efficacy. Lower dosage has the advantage of reducing costs and side effects from the drug, although serum bile acid profiling increases the cost of treatment. PMID- 6510573 TI - Evaluation of serum pancreatic polypeptide estimations following hormonal stimulation for the diagnosis of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency. AB - Pancreatic polypeptide (PP) was measured in 74 patients with normal and in 42 patients with abnormal pancreatic function under fasting conditions (before and after duodenal intubation) and following secretin and cholecystokinin (CCK) stimulation. Fasting PP values of patients with severe but not with moderate exocrine pancreatic insufficiency were significantly lower than those of controls. Duodenal intubation led to a significant increase in fasting PP values. Both CCK and, to a lesser extent, secretin led to an increase in PP values. PP increase was significantly lower in patients with severe and not with moderate exocrine pancreatic insufficiency compared to controls following stimulation. Therefore, while fasting serum levels of PP and those following low stimulation indicate severe exocrine pancreatic insufficiency in the absence of previous vagotomy, PP estimations do not enable diagnosis of moderate functional impairment of the pancreas. PMID- 6510574 TI - Does aging affect the intestinal transport of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate? AB - Aging is associated with increased incidence of folate deficiency. The mechanism responsible for the deficiency is not known but could include a decrease in the intestinal absorptive capacity for folates. Therefore, we examined the intestinal absorptive capacity for folate in young and old rats. We assessed the absorption of the natural folate derivative, 5-methyltetrahydrofolate in 3- and 25-month-old rats, using jejunal everted sacs. The kinetic parameters of 5 methyltetrahydrofolate absorption disclosed apparent Kt of 7.7 and 6.54 microM and Vmax of 0.96 and 1.14 nmol/g initial tissue wet weight/30 min in young and old rats, respectively. These data do not demonstrate an aging-associated decrease in the intestinal transport capacity for 5-methyltetrahydrofolate. Therefore the deficiency of folate found in the elderly is unlikely to be due to intestinal malabsorption of folate monoglutamates. Other mechanisms must play a role in the deficiency of folate seen in the elderly. PMID- 6510575 TI - Effect of caerulein on total and ionized calcium secretion in the duodenal juice of man. AB - Previous studies have demonstrated an increase of total calcium secretion in the duodenal juice of healthy subjects after cholecystokinin (CCK) administration superimposed on a continuous secretion infusion. In order to get more detailed information on the physiology of calcium secretion and its dependance on hormonal stimulation, ionized and total calcium were determined in the duodenal juice of 9 volunteers under constant stimulation with secretin and graded caerulein doses; bound calcium was calculated as the difference of total and ionized calcium. The results of total calcium were in good agreement with previously published data. We found that total calcium secretion is mainly determined by bound calcium and bound calcium is mainly secreted together with bile products. Since ionized calcium concentration was independent of caerulein administration it is suggested that its concentration in gallbladder bile must be in good accordance with that of hepatic bile and pancreatic juice together. PMID- 6510576 TI - Relative contribution of Peyer's patches to intestinal DNA content and tritiated thymidine content of the mouse small intestine. AB - The quantification of mucosal DNA as a measure of epithelial cellularity has been criticized because it would include the non-epithelial cell populations present in the mucosa. The weight, DNA content and tritiated thymidine uptake of Peyer's patches and the remaining mucosa were measured and compared. Although the Peyer's patches only contribute 2.5% to the weight of the small intestine, they contained 12% of the DNA and 7% of the tritiated thymidine which would be found in a mucosal scrape. PMID- 6510577 TI - Formulating and evaluating audiological test protocols. AB - This paper is the last in a series about audiological tests and test protocols (test batteries) designed to differentiate cochlear from retrocochlear site-of lesion. While the first two papers dealt with individual tests, this paper is concerned with the audiological test protocol. A conceptual framework is presented for formulating a test protocol, and techniques are discussed for evaluating protocol performance. Using clinical data, we evaluate the performance of the traditional audiological test battery and make recommendations for the clinical use of audiological test protocols. PMID- 6510578 TI - Acoustic reflex temporal summation measured at threshold. AB - This study measured the threshold of the acoustic reflex as a function of reflex activating stimulus duration. Acoustic reflex thresholds (ARTs) were measured for tonal stimuli at frequencies of 1000 and 3000 Hz and broadband noise at six durations between 20 and 500 msec for both normal and hearing-impaired subjects. Traditional techniques and response averaging were used. Results suggest that these methods have a significant influence on ART and reflex temporal summation at threshold. Lowest thresholds and almost no temporal summation were found with a response averaging technique and a bidirectional shift criterion, whereas clinical procedures yielded highest thresholds and greater summation. These results suggest a need to examine the methodology used for measurement of the acoustic reflex and the interpretation of clinical pathology based on measurements of reflex temporal summation. PMID- 6510579 TI - Hearing loss and congenital rubella in Atlantic Canada. AB - There were 41 children born between 1973-1976 in Atlantic Canada who were victims of a severe rubella epidemic. This paper investigates prevalent audiometric patterns, incidence of middle ear disease, evidence regarding progressivity of hearing loss and any relationship between presence of middle ear disease and progressivity. Both surgical and audiological records were utilized in a combined retrospective-prospective study. Results indicate a typically flat audiogram for our group, with possible errors in the analysis of high frequency data accounting for differences between our center and those audiograms reported by other centers. Most of our children have a type A (normal) tympanogram (72.9%), but three have a type As which may be indicative of possible middle ear malformations. Six children (11 ears) have demonstrated only type AD and/or type B tympanograms. These may represent ongoing disease, middle ear malformation, or both. A number of variables (i.e., poor reliability, maturational effects, sound field compared to ear phone results) have contributed to a general feeling that progressivity of the hearing loss of rubella children may be a common phenomenon. A careful examination of our data found progressivity clearly documented in three cases. There was no relationship between presence of middle ear pathology and progressivity. PMID- 6510580 TI - SSW test performance-intensity functions for hearing-impaired adults. AB - The present study investigated the effects of intensity on hearing-impaired adults' performance on the Staggered Spondaic Word (SSW) test. Fifteen adults having mild-to-moderate cochlear hearing losses were administered the 40-item SSW test which was subdivided into four groups of ten items each, and presented at different intensity levels (20, 30, 40, and 50 dB SL re the three-frequency, pure tone average). Subjects' responses were used to generate performance-intensity functions. Scores were analyzed for overall, competing, and noncompeting conditions. No significant differences were found for these hearing-impaired listeners' performance for items presented at the standard 50 dB and those at the low sensation levels. PMID- 6510581 TI - Earmolds for patients with severe and profound hearing loss. AB - Fabricating feedback-free earmolds has become an increasingly critical problem as more powerful hearing aids become commonplace. Current earmold impression materials and techniques may be contributing to the problem. This paper evaluates current earmold materials and techniques and makes suggestions for modifications in current procedures to reduce or eliminate feedback. PMID- 6510582 TI - Comparing normal hearing and hearing-impaired subject's performance on the Northwestern Auditory Test Number 6, California Consonant Test, and Pascoe's High Frequency Word Test. AB - The Northwestern Auditory Test No. 6, the California Consonant Test, and Pascoe's High-Frequency Test were presented to two groups of listeners. One group consisted of 12 patients with normal hearing up to 2 kHz accompanied by a high frequency loss. The second group consisted of persons with normal hearing. There were significant differences between the two groups of listeners in overall discrimination scores, among the four intensity levels (10, 20, 30, 40 dB) and the three speech discrimination tests. When the data from the hearing-impaired subjects were analyzed, it was found that these individuals obtained higher scores on the NU 6 material at 20, 30, and 40 dB SL when compared with the California Consonant Test and Pascoe's test. The results from the Newmann-Kuel multicomparison test indicated no statistical significance between the results of the California test and Pascoe's test; however, the distribution of scores at 40 dB was different. Results of this study suggested that the NU 6 test was not sufficiently sensitive to detect consonant confusions in individuals with high frequency hearing loss. PMID- 6510583 TI - Maturation of the auditory brain stem response (ABR): additional perspectives. AB - A retrospective, cross-sectional analysis of component latencies of the auditory brain stem response (ABR) was performed on 466 patients ranging in age from 30 weeks postconception to adulthood. The ontogeny of ABR component wave latencies was adequately described by two exponential curves having different slopes; the steeper curve represented an early, rapid maturation ending by 8 to 10 weeks post partum, and the ensuing, more gradual curve corresponded to developmental events which were completed by the beginning of the third year of extrauterine life. These observations conform to previous maturational concepts of peripheral versus central segments of the auditory pathway and to the gradual decrease in interwave latencies with increasing age. Unlike interwave latency, however, the ratio of the latencies of selected component waves was constant with increasing age. This was especially apparent in developing newborns less than 50 weeks postconception. The nonlinear bases of this phenomenon are outlined, and the insights which stem from this perspective are discussed. PMID- 6510584 TI - Threshold prediction from the auditory 40-Hz evoked potential. AB - This is an investigation of the accuracy with which the 40-Hz evoked potential (EP) threshold can be used to predict low frequency behavioral audiometric thresholds. The EP thresholds for 500 and 1000 Hz tone bursts were compared with behavioral thresholds obtained from 40 hearing-impaired ears. Correlation coefficients (between EP and behavioral thresholds) of 0.79 and 0.87 were obtained for the 500 and 1000 Hz signals, respectively. Confidence intervals for EP estimates of behavioral thresholds were -10 to +30 dB for 500 Hz signals and 20 to +20 for 1000 Hz. Problems associated with the use of the EP for predicting behavioral thresholds are discussed. PMID- 6510585 TI - St. Joseph's memorial service: unique bereavement follow-up. AB - The Palliative Care Consultation Team at St. Joseph's Hospital is composed of a physician, nurse and social worker, and provides close liaison with the 14-member Pastoral Care Team. A contingent of 20 volunteers are also involved in patient care. The team receives referrals from the hospital and consults with both community agencies and family physicians. The team has been in operation since November 1980. St. Joseph's Hospital, Hamilton, Ont., is a 600-bed teaching hospital and is affiliated with McMaster University. PMID- 6510586 TI - Quality assurance--do you know the legal implications? PMID- 6510587 TI - Emergency response system assists in discharge planning. PMID- 6510588 TI - Organ procurement: hospitals need improved policies and protocols. PMID- 6510589 TI - Hospital capital shows signs of old age. Part 1. PMID- 6510591 TI - Disseminating research: looking at alternatives. PMID- 6510590 TI - NMR imager--a problem tenant. PMID- 6510592 TI - Anti-tubulin antibodies in recent onset type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus: comparison with islet cell antibodies. AB - Antibodies to tubulin, the fundamental protein of microtubules, were studied by radioimmunoassay in patients with Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes of varying duration and in healthy control subjects. Elevated levels of anti-tubulin antibodies were found in 46% of 28 patients with Type 1 diabetes of recent onset (less than or equal to 6 months) and in only 6.2% of 64 patients with long standing Type 1 diabetes (duration 6-43 years). None of 34 DR3-positive normal subjects and none of 20 Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetic patients were positive for anti-tubulin antibodies. Anti-tubulin antibody levels were elevated in two out of 26 first-degree relatives of Type 1 diabetic patients. The specificity of the detection of anti-tubulin antibodies was demonstrated by dilution of the sera, competitive binding experiments between labelled and unlabelled tubulin, immunoblotting. Antibodies to tubulin were elevated in 60% of patients with islet cell surface antibodies and there was a significant association between anti-tubulin antibodies and islet-cell surface antibodies. These antibodies, however, recognize different specificities, since adsorption of islet cell surface antibody by rat islets did not alter the anti-tubulin antibody activity. Elevated anti-actin antibody responses were found in two out of 17 and one out of 26 patients with recent onset and long-standing Type 1 diabetes, respectively. In conclusion, anti-tubulin antibodies are detected in a high proportion of patients with diabetes of recent onset, are associated with islet cell surface antibodies and like islet cell surface antibodies decrease or disappear during the course of the disease.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6510593 TI - Urinary excretion of non-dialysable conjugates of glucose and galactose in normal people and diabetic patients. AB - Urine contains non-dialysable conjugates of glucose and galactose from which the free sugars are released by acid hydrolysis. In 14 non-diabetic subjects the 24-h outputs (mean +/- SEM) were 25 +/- 3 mumol/24 h (glucose) and 109 +/- 15 mumol/l (galactose). In collections from 23 diabetic patients output of conjugated glucose was increased to 177 +/- 96 mumol/24 h but conjugated galactose was unchanged (119 +/- 10 mumol/24 h). The concentration ratio of glucosyl/galactosyl allows relative 24-h outputs of conjugated glucose to be estimated on random samples. The ratio (mean +/- SEM) was 0.24 +/- 0.01 in 27 normal men and 0.37 +/- 0.04 in 30 normal women. The mean ratio was increased to 0.72 +/- 0.20 in 56 male and to 0.51 +/- 0.07 in 17 female diabetic patients. In individual diabetic patients, the ratio was increased significantly in 28 out of 56 men and in 5 out of 30 women. In male diabetic patients the ratio was increased in 17 out of 23 Type 1 (insulin-dependent) but in only 3 out of 15 Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetic patients. There was no correlation between the glucosyl/galactosyl ratio and patient age, known duration of diabetes, or urinary excretion of free glucose or protein. Urine samples showing increased glucosyl/galactosyl ratios did not yield bacteria on culture and were negative for Candida albicans cell-wall mannan antigen. It is concluded that 80% of male Type 1 diabetic patients show increased urinary excretion of non-dialysable conjugated glucose. In women, there is much greater variation in non-diabetic subjects which may obscure an increased excretion in diabetic patients. PMID- 6510594 TI - Evidence of glucagon biosynthesis involving protein intermediates in rat salivary glands. AB - In an attempt to determine the ability of rat submaxillary glands to synthesise glucagon via protein intermediates, isolated cells from these glands were incubated in vitro with 3H-L-tryptophan and the acid-ethanol extracts of the cells were purified on Bio-Gel P-30 columns. Aliquots of the eluates were incubated with a C-terminal glucagon antiserum (30K) and the radioactivity bound to the glucagon antibody appeared to be distributed among proteins of Molecular weight greater than 40.14 and 3.5 Kdaltons. A similar elution pattern was obtained in the presence of urea (7 mol/l) and guanidine hydrochloride (6 mol/l). To determine the molecular weight of the immunoreactive material eluting before the 3.5 Kdalton polypeptide, aliquots of the cell extracts were immunoprecipitated and analysed by sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Polypeptides of 125.8, 63.1, 42.6 and 14.4 Kdaltons were obtained. These polypeptides incorporate more radioactive tryptophan with increase in the time of incubation. Pulse-chase experiments with unlabelled tryptophan, cycloheximide-treatment of isolated cells and limited tryptic digestion of the larger glucagon immunoreactive component, transform it into a 3.5 Kdalton polypeptide with immunological characteristics indistinguishable from pancreatic glucagon. These results suggest that the larger molecule contains glucagon and thus may serve as a precursor or an intermediate of extrapancreatic glucagon biosynthesis. PMID- 6510595 TI - Abnormal endothelial release of fibrinolytic activity and fibronectin in diabetic microangiopathy. AB - Endothelial cell function in Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic patients, both with and without retinopathy, was assessed by measuring the plasma fibrinolytic activity and fibronectin after 10 min venous stasis induced by a sphygmomanometer cuff. After venous stasis, diabetic subjects with proliferative retinopathy had fibrinolytic responses (median 0.13 increasing to 0.26 U/ml) in the low normal range, which were significantly less (p less than 0.005) than control subjects (0.17-0.68 U/ml) and diabetic patients with minimal retinopathy (0.16-0.68 U/ml; p less than 0.01). Plasma fibronectin levels were similar in the different groups, but after venous stasis, rose significantly in the diabetic patients, both in those with proliferative retinopathy (mean 317-399 micrograms/ml; p less than 0.002) and without retinopathy (312-371 micrograms/ml; p less than 0.05) but not in normal subjects (304-333 micrograms/ml). These changes in fibrinolytic activity and fibronectin were independent of blood glucose, glycosylated haemoglobin, or indices of sensory or autonomic nerve function. These disturbances of endothelial function, together with known abnormalities of haemostatic variables and microvascular reflexes, might convert a usually temporary obstruction of capillary blood flow into a pathological capillary closure, and might contribute to the inexorable progression of advanced diabetic microangiopathy in spite of good diabetic control. PMID- 6510596 TI - Sorbitol accumulation is altered in type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus. AB - Intracellular sorbitol accumulation has been implicated as an aetiological factor for many of the complications of diabetes mellitus. Erythrocyte sorbitol is found in higher concentration in Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic patients than in normal subjects. When sorbitol accumulation is corrected for its immediate precursor glucose (sorbitol/glucose ratio), the polyol accumulation remains significantly greater in erythrocytes from the Type 1 diabetic. Erythrocytes from Type 1 diabetic patients exposed to normal extracellular glucose concentrations for 3 h in vitro, accumulate more sorbitol and fructose than normal cells in the same incubation system. Near-normalization of plasma glucose in Type 1 diabetic patients for 12 h did not result in normal erythrocyte sorbitol levels. The increased sorbitol accumulation in erythrocytes from Type 1 diabetic subjects may reflect similar activity in the lens and nerve in long-standing diabetes. This increased sorbitol production was found in most, but not all, individuals with diabetes and appears to be an acquired characteristic. Those factors influencing enhanced tissue sorbitol accumulation may be important in the aetiology of diabetes-associated complications. PMID- 6510597 TI - Increased erythrocyte aggregation in diabetes mellitus and its relationship to glycosylated haemoglobin and retinopathy. AB - The velocity of erythrocyte aggregation in vitro was determined in 15 non diabetic and 28 Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic subjects, in autologous plasma under uniform shear flow using a rheoscope combined with a television image analyzer and a computer. In the diabetic subjects, the velocity of aggregation showed a significant correlation with the haemoglobin A1 level, and was significantly increased in the proliferative retinopathy group. An alteration of plasma protein composition in the diabetic subjects (increase of phi- and alpha 2-fractions) also influenced erythrocyte aggregation, being related to the haemoglobin A1 level. The percentage of the phi-fraction and a parameter, (alpha 2 + phi)/albumin, defined by plasma electrophoresis, showed a strong correlation with the velocity of aggregation. PMID- 6510598 TI - Oversecretion of glucagon by pancreases of ventromedial hypothalamic-lesioned rats: a re-evaluation of a controversial topic. AB - Glucagon secretion by perfused pancreases of control and ventromedial hypothalamic-lesioned rats was studied in response to a mixture of 20 different amino-acids used at physiological or pharmacological concentrations, and under experimental conditions near to or different from physiological situations. When experimental conditions are too extreme (lack of glucose with 5 or 15 mmol/l final amino-acid concentration), there was no difference of glucagon secretion between pancreases of control and ventromedial hypothalamic-lesioned animals. However, when experimental conditions are as close as possible to those prevailing in vivo (presence of 5 mmol/l glucose with 2.5 or 5 mmol/l amino-acid concentration), pancreases from ventromedial hypothalamic-lesioned rats clearly oversecrete glucagon when compared with control rats (with 2.5 mmol/l amino-acid: controls: 7.9, ventromedialhypothalamic-lesioned: 17.1 ng/20 min, p less than 0.05; with 5 mmol/l amino-acid: controls: 12.6, ventromedialhypothalamic lesioned: 31.0 ng/20 min, p less than 0.025). Upon extrapolating these results to a situation in vivo, this study indicates that ventromedial hypothalamic-lesioned rats secrete more glucagon than controls in response to physiological stimuli, at least at the level of the portal vein. This could explain why the lesioned rats, known to be hyperinsulinaemic, are nevertheless normoglycaemic and have increased plasma urea levels. PMID- 6510599 TI - Diethylstilbestrol and other estrogens in the environment. AB - Many environmental agents of diverse chemical structure possess estrogenic activity. Other hormonal activities do not seem to be so widespread through different chemical classes. Some compounds such as the mycotoxin, zearalenone, are metabolized from weakly active to more estrogenic forms and may thus be considered proestrogens. Metabolism of potent xenobiotics, such as diethylstilbestrol (DES), may result in relatively less hormonally active compounds as well as reactive intermediates associated with long-term toxicities. Weakly estrogenic xenobiotics may be physiologically significant if they persist in the body or when there is continuous exposure; some compounds with no apparent estrogen-receptor-binding affinity may exert estrogenic effects through indirect mechanisms. Estrogenic materials as part of the environment derive from natural (e.g., plant estrogens or mycotoxins) and synthetic (e.g., DES or DDT) sources. In some cases, environmental compounds may be potent estrogens which are used for their hormonal activity, or in other cases, they are weak estrogens in which hormonal activity is an inadvertant function; an example of the former case is DES as a growth-promoting agent for cattle, an example of the latter, kepone. Elucidation of the structural basis of estrogenic activity is the critical step awaited in this area. PMID- 6510600 TI - The benzene problem in historical perspective. PMID- 6510601 TI - Analysis for trichothecenes in samples from Southeast Asia associated with "Yellow Rain". PMID- 6510603 TI - Pharmacokinetic analysis of increased toxicity of 2-sec-butylphenyl methylcarbamate (BPMC) by fenitrothion pretreatment in mice. AB - The potentiating effect of O,O-dimethyl O-(3-methyl-4-nitrophenyl) phosphorothioate (fenitrothion) on the toxicity of 2-sec-butylphenyl methylcarbamate (BPMC) in male mice was analyzed pharmacokinetically. The animals pretreated by dietary administration of 1000 ppm fenitrothion for 1 week (4.4% of the po LD50 daily) did not show toxic symptoms except for a slight decrease in body weight. In the fenitrothion-pretreated mice, toxicity of fenitrothion was not changed but a fivefold potentiation was observed in po and ip acute lethality and a threefold potentiation of iv lethality of BPMC. Toxic signs after BPMC administration were similar regardless of fenitrothion pretreatment or of route of administration. Fenitrothion pretreatment followed by BPMC administration (20 mg/kg po or 8 mg/kg iv, approximate LD5 in the pretreated mice) significantly increased the plasma BPMC concentration and the total area under the plasma concentration versus time curve (AUC0-infinity). The pretreatment increased the oral AUC0-infinity more greatly than the iv AUC0-infinity (for po, 6.3-fold; for iv, 2.0-fold). The oral systemic availability of BPMC (fraction reaching systemic circulation) was increased by fenitrothion treatment to 3.3-fold. These results suggest that a major cause of the potentiation may be the increase in amount of BPMC in the systemic circulation. PMID- 6510602 TI - Potentiated toxicity of 2-sec-butylphenyl methylcarbamate (BPMC) by O,O-dimethyl O-(3-methyl-4-nitrophenyl)phosphorothioate (fenitrothion) in mice; relationship between acute toxicity and metabolism of BPMC. AB - Fenitrothion of oral subtoxic dose (100 mg/kg; 4 hr pretreatment) decreased acute oral LD50 of BPMC from 360 to 66 mg/kg in male mice. The treatment prolonged the hexobarbital sleeping time and increased the plasma BPMC concentrations. The BPMC toxicity and its plasma concentrations were significantly reduced by phenobarbital treatment (80 mg/kg/day, 2 days, ip). This treatment diminished the effects of fenitrothion on BPMC toxicity and plasma BPMC concentrations. BPMC was metabolized by mixed-function oxidases of the liver in vitro. The metabolism of BPMC was competitively inhibited by the addition of fenitrothion (5 micrograms/ml). Fenitrothion remained in the liver (7 micrograms/g liver). These results suggest that competitive inhibition of BPMC metabolism by fenitrothion may, at least in part, play a role in inhibition of BPMC detoxication, resulting in potentiation of its toxicity. PMID- 6510604 TI - Inhibition of intercellular communication in cultures of Chinese hamster V79 cells by 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid. AB - Using the Chinese hamster V79 in vitro cell system designed to measure intercellular communication, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), 2,4,5 trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5-T), and several mixtures of these compounds were tested for their ability to inhibit this biological process. The ability of these chemicals to inhibit colony-forming ability of these cells was tested prior to the studies to measure intercellular communication. 2,4-D was less cytotoxic than 2,4,5-T. Both 2,4,5-T and 2,4-D were able to inhibit intercellular communication at their respective noncytotoxic dose ranges. Various mixtures of both chemicals were also able to inhibit intercellular communication, showing some kind of additivity. No-effect levels were also noted in the intercellular communication assay. These results were interpreted as being consistent with the hypothesis that these compounds might be teratogenic by their ability to inhibit intercellular communication during development. PMID- 6510605 TI - The importance of delivered dose in estimating low-dose cancer risk from inhalation exposure to formaldehyde. AB - Data have recently been obtained on the concentration of formaldehyde covalently bound to the respiratory mucosal DNA of Fischer-344 rats following two 6-hr inhalation exposures to gaseous formaldehyde. These data provide a direct short term measure of the delivered formaldehyde dose in target tissue as a function of the formaldehyde concentration in ambient air. They also demonstrate that the delivered dose/administered dose relationship is significantly nonlinear. Since chronic inhalation exposure of Fischer-344 rats to high concentrations of gaseous formaldehyde induces squamous cell carcinomas of the nasal cavity, and sine widespread concern exists that formaldehyde exposure may also pose a cancer risk for humans, the implications of this nonlinearity for low-dose risk extrapolation were investigated. The incidence of nasal squamous cell carcinomas in a chronic formaldehyde inhalation bioassay was reanalyzed with several low-dose extrapolation models, using the estimated concentration of formaldehyde covalently bound to respiratory mucosal DNA as the measure of exposure. For this purpose, it was assumed that the short-term observations of covalent binding were representative of steady-state conditions during the course of the chronic study and further, that the covalent binding of formaldehyde to target tissue DNA is an important factor in nasal tumor induction. Resulting maximum likelihood risk estimates and upper 95% confidence bounds were unilaterally lower than the corresponding risk measures based on administered dose, irrespective of the dose response model employed. Reductions in estimated risk ranged from a factor of 2.5, for the multistage model upper 95% confidence bound, to over 10 orders of magnitude, for the probit model upper 95% confidence bound. These results indicate that the concept of delivered dose can have a significant impact on estimates of low-dose risk and should therefore at least be considered as an alternative dose measure in assessments of human cancer risk from formaldehyde exposure. PMID- 6510606 TI - Ascorbic acid nutritional status does not affect the biochemical response to paraquat. AB - Guinea pigs were subjected to dietary control of ascorbic acid intake to produce deficient, normal, and supplemented tissue ascorbate concentrations. Paraquat, a potent pulmonary toxin, was then administered. Tissue distribution and covalent binding of paraquat were not affected significantly by ascorbate nutritional status except for decreased 24-hr kidney burdens in deficient animals. Paraquat increased pulmonary thiobarbituric acid reactivity and mixed disulfide formation, but no evidence of either a protective or a potentiative interaction of endogenous ascorbate and paraquat was observed. This study indicates that alteration of endogenous ascorbic acid levels does not alter the biochemical response to paraquat. PMID- 6510607 TI - Enhanced oxygen toxicity following treatment with 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1 nitrosourea. AB - The anticancer drug 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea (BCNU) inhibits glutathione reductase, an enzyme involved in oxidant defense systems. The 30-day LD50 for BCNU in male and female BALB/c mice was 52 and 46 mg/kg, respectively. A 35-mg/kg BCNU dose was not lethal to any animal. Glutathione reductase was inhibited in lung tissue by about 50% for 4 days following a single 35 mg/kg dose of BCNU. The prolonged inhibition of glutathione reductase by BCNU suggested this drug might enhance pulmonary oxygen toxicity by diminishing the lung's antioxidant capacity. Exposing mice treated with 35 or 50 mg/kg BCNU to continuous 85% oxygen decreased the LT50 from 13.1 to 6.3 and 5.3 days, respectively, compared to vehicle-treated controls. All mice treated with 35 mg/kg BCNU or vehicle and exposed to 85% oxygen only on Days 0-4 survived to Day 30. Extending the hyperoxic exposure 1 additional day resulted in the death of all BCNU-treated mice, while 70% of the vehicle-treated mice survived to Day 30. Pulmonary glutathione peroxidase, catalase, and superoxide dismutase activities were unaffected up to 6 days following 35 mg/kg BCNU, 85% oxygen, or both. Pulmonary glutathione reductase activity was unaffected by 85% oxygen alone, although hyperoxia extended the BCNU-induced inhibition of this enzyme to Day 6. BCNU, 35 mg/kg, had little effect on lung reduced glutathione (GSH) levels. A significant decrease was only measured on Day 4. Hyperoxia, either alone or with BCNU, had no effect on lung GSH content.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6510608 TI - Effect of equilibration zones on stability, uniformity, and homogeneity profiles of vapors and aerosols in the ADG nose-only inhalation exposure system. AB - A commercially available, inexpensive, nose-only exposure chamber was modified to include removable equilibration zones, and the effect of these zones on chamber performance was determined. Since limited performance data were available concerning this unit, a more extensive characterization was performed. EPA limit concentrations (greater than or equal to 5 mg/liter) of toluene vapor or corn oil aerosol, and relatively low concentrations of uranine aerosol (less than or equal to 50 micrograms/liter) were produced by standard techniques. The presence or absence of equilibration zones did not affect the stability or uniformity of toluene vapor atmospheres, with the coefficient of variation (CV) not exceeding 3.33% in all experiments. In contrast, the presence of two equilibration zones was found to progressively enhance the uniformity of the inhalable test aerosols in the animal exposure zone (CV less than or equal to 3.16%). Matrix sampling revealed that in both uranine and corn oil experiments, the center matrix point concentration was consistently lower than samples taken in the actual animal breathing zone. Equilibration zones markedly reduced the difference between breathing zone and center point concentrations. These performance data indicated that the modified ADG nose-only exposure system performed exceptionally well with the materials that were studied. Results were comparable to those describing whole-body chamber performance. The ready availability of this inexpensive prototype lends itself to standardization of techniques between laboratories. PMID- 6510609 TI - Toxic effects of Cu implants on liver. AB - In an effort to identify possible systemic effects due to dissolution of Cu from the experimental use of dental amalgam, specimens of pure Cu and several dental amalgams containing various concentrations of Cu were implanted into the peritoneal cavity of rats for 4 weeks. Concentrations of Cu in the liver varied from 33.3 to 156.2 micrograms Cu/dry g of liver tissue after implantation of the Cu-containing amalgams. Histopathological changes in the liver confirmed the presence of Cu within the lysosomes of hepatocytes. The histopathological and chemical changes in the liver after implantation indicated the need for subsequent investigations of long-term systemic toxicity to the use of Cu containing implants. PMID- 6510610 TI - Teratologic evaluation of inhaled propylene glycol monomethyl ether in rats and rabbits. AB - Pregnant Fischer 344 rats and New Zealand White rabbits were exposed via inhalation to 0, 500, 1500, or 3000 ppm of propylene glycol monomethyl ether (PGME) for 6 hr/day on Days 6 through 15 (rats) or 6 through 18 (rabbits) of gestation. Initial exposure to 3000 ppm of PGME produced signs of mild central nervous system depression which were more pronounced and of a longer duration in rats than in rabbits. Postexposure recovery was rapid and accomodation to the test atmosphere developed following subsequent exposures. Rats and rabbits exposed to 3000 ppm had decreased weight gains over the exposure period and rats had decreased food consumption during the first 3 days of exposure. Fetal examination revealed no embryotoxic or teratogenic effects among rats or rabbits in any exposure group. Slight fetotoxicity among rats, in the form of delayed sternebral ossification, was observed at 3000 ppm. Thus, it was concluded that PGME was not teratogenic at exposure levels up to 3000 ppm. PMID- 6510611 TI - Butylated hydroxyanisole and lung tumor development in A/J mice. AB - A diet containing 0.75% butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) did not enhance the development of lung tumors in A/J mice if fed for 8 weeks after administration of urethan, benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P), or dimethylnitrosamine (DMN). Prefeeding animals with BHA partially protected animals against the tumorigenic effect of urethan and B[a]P. Partial protection was also seen in animals given B[a]P and then exposed to BHA in the diet. The two isomers of BHA (3-tert.-butyl-4 hydroxyanisole and 2-tert.-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole) were synthesized and injected ip. They failed to enhance lung tumor development. It is concluded that BHA is not a promoting agent as is butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) for lung tumors in mice. One possible explanation is that BHA in the diet does not produce the extensive cell proliferation seen in the lungs of mice fed BHT. PMID- 6510612 TI - Potentiation of acute toxicity of 2-sec-butylphenyl N-methylcarbamate (BPMC) by fenthion in mice. AB - This study was undertaken to determine whether interactions of toxicologic importance might occur during combined exposure of male mice to 2-sec-butylphenyl N-methylcarbamate (BPMC) and O,O-dimethyl O-(3-methyl-4 methylthiophenyl)phosphorothioate (fenthion). The equitoxic coadministration of BPMC and fenthion resulted in only a 1.6-fold potentiation compared to the expected LD50. However, 1 hr oral pretreatment with 3 (1/100 LD50), 7.5, 15, and 30 mg/kg of fenthion resulted in 5-, 9-, 12-, and 15-fold potentiation of the acute oral toxicity of BPMC, respectively. This fenthion pretreatment caused significant increases in the BPMC plasma concentrations and in the area under the concentration-time curve. The increase of the plasma concentrations of BPMC depended upon the fenthion dose and was associated with that of the potency ratio. The pretreatment of fenthion prolonged the hexobarbital sleeping time. The plasma concentrations of BPMC after the administration of a dose of LD2.5 (20 mg/kg) in fenthion-pretreated mice were clearly lower than those of a dose of LD2.5 (195 mg/kg) in nontreated mice. These results suggested that fenthion pretreatment caused the potentiation of the acute toxicity of BPMC partially by the inhibition of detoxification of BPMC. PMID- 6510613 TI - Subchronic inhalation exposure of dearomatized white spirit and C10-C11 isoparaffinic hydrocarbon in Sprague-Dawley rats. AB - Groups of 35 male and 35 female Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to either Dearomatized White Spirit (DAWS) vapor at concentrations of 1.97 and 5.61 g/m3 or C10-C11 Isoparaffinic Hydrocarbon (IPH) vapor at concentrations of 1.91 and 5.62 g/m3. These concentrations were targeted for the recommended occupational exposure limits and three times that value, respectively. Exposures were 6 hr day, 5 days/week for 12 weeks. Following Weeks 4, 8, and 12 of exposure, a total of 10, 10, and 15 rats, respectively, from each group were sacrificed. Clinical chemistry and hematology parameters were measured in blood samples taken immediately prior to sacrifice, and selected organs were removed and weighted. Twenty-three organs and tissues from each animal were examined microscopically. There were no deaths during the course of this study related to either DAWS or IPH. Mean body weights were significantly lower than controls in male rats following exposure to 5.61 g/m3 DAWS, and 5.62 or 1.91 g/m3 IPH. Body weights were not affected in females. The primary effects from DAWS or IPH exposure were observed in the kidneys of male rats only from both exposure groups beginning at Week 4. Evidence of mild tubular toxicity, such as regenerative tubular epithelia and dilated tubules containing proteinaceous casts, was observed at the corticomedullary junction. The incidence and severity appeared to increase with increasing concentration and exposure duration. There were scattered instances of statistically significant increases in liver and kidney weights in both males and females. With the exception of the mild male rat tubular nephrotoxicity, other significant toxic effects were not observed at levels tested. PMID- 6510615 TI - A new method for determining allowable daily intakes. AB - The usual method for establishing allowable daily intake (ADI) for a chemical involves determining a no-observed-effect level (NOEL) and applying a safety factor. Even though this method has been used for many years, there appear to be no general guidelines or rules for defining a NOEL. The determination of a NOEL is particularly uncertain for lesions which occur naturally in untreated animals. NOELs also have shortcomings in that smaller experiments tend to give larger values (this should be reversed because larger experiments can provide greater evidence of safety) and that the steepness of the dose response in the dose range where effects occur plays little or no role in the determination of a NOEL. This paper proposes and illustrates the use of a "benchmark dose" (BD) as an alternative to a NOEL. A BD is a statistical lower confidence limit to a dose producing some predetermined increase in response rate such as 0.01 or 0.1. The BD is calculated using a mathematical dose-response model. This approach makes appropriate use of sample size and the shape of the dose-response curve. The BD normally will not depend strongly upon the mathematical model used because the method does not involve extrapolation far below the experimental range. Thus the method sidesteps much of the model dependency often associated with extrapolation of carcinogenicity data to low doses. The method can be applied to either "quantal" data in which only the presence or absence of an effect is recorded, or "continuous" data in which the severity of the effect is also noted. PMID- 6510614 TI - Hepatic steatosis in rats fed diets with varying concentrations of sucrose. AB - The role of dietary sucrose concentrations in the development of hepatic steatosis in rats was investigated. Twelve groups of weanling male Sprague-Dawley rats received semipurified diets with different sucrose concentrations ranging from 20 to 50% (w/w); one group received a cereal-based chow diet. Rats were sacrificed after 3 weeks and body weight, liver/body weight ratio, plasma alanine aminotransferase concentration, hepatic triglyceride concentration, and liver morphology (light and electron microscopy) were determined. Body weight and liver/body weight ratio were decreased in rats receiving 40-50 or 25-35% dietary sucrose compared to rats receiving 20% sucrose or chow. Plasma alanine aminotransferase concentrations were within normal limits. Hepatic triglyceride concentration was significantly increased in rats receiving 40-50 and 25-35% dietary sucrose compared to rats receiving 20% dietary sucrose or chow. Light microscopy showed hepatic steatosis in a periportal distribution at all concentrations of dietary sucrose. Both the frequency and the severity of the steatosis were increased with increasing dietary sucrose concentrations. Electron microscopy from selected livers with increased hepatic triglyceride concentrations revealed increased lipid spheres and increased smooth endoplasmic reticulum without prominent Golgi apparatus or GERL complex. It is concluded that high dietary sucrose concentrations are responsible for the development of hepatic steatosis. Semipurified diets with high dietary sucrose concentrations such as the AIN-76A diet (50% sucrose) should not be used in animal studies in which increased triglyceride deposition could influence experimental outcome. PMID- 6510616 TI - Teratology and reproduction studies with triclopyr in the rat and rabbit. AB - Triclopyr (3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridyloxyacetic acid), being developed as a new herbicide for use on brush and weeds, was evaluated for its potential effects on reproduction, and embryonal and fetal development. Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were given doses of 0, 50, 100, or 200 mg/kg/day by gavage on Days 6 through 15 of gestation. Dose-related signs of maternal toxicity were observed during the treatment period. No teratogenic effects were observed at any dose level, though slight fetotoxicity, possibly secondary to maternal toxicity, occurred at the high dose level (200 mg/kg/day). Pregnant New Zealand White rabbits were given doses of 0, 10, or 25 mg/kg/day by gavage on Days 6 through 18 of gestation which produced transient, dose-related decreases in maternal body weight gain. However, there were no indications of any treatment-related effects on fetal growth and development among rabbits. Male and female Sprague-Dawley rats maintained on diets supplying 0, 3, 10, or 30 mg/kg/day over three generations exhibited no consistent treatment-related effects on reproductive performance, pregnancy, parturition, or neonatal survival. These data indicated that triclopyr had little or no potential for teratogenic or reproductive toxicity even when the level of exposure approached that which elicited maternal toxicity. PMID- 6510617 TI - Methylene chloride: a two-year inhalation toxicity and oncogenicity study in rats and hamsters. PMID- 6510618 TI - Slight middle slurring in V1-V2 without bundle branch block. An electrocardiographic and follow-up study. AB - A slight middle slurring in V1 and/or V2 with rS morphology (R less than S) in these leads, without right or left bundle branch block is a nearly ignored electrocardiographic finding. The purpose of this work is to provide a prospective and electrocardiographic analysis of this finding. We followed 200 subjects with middle slurring in V1 and/or V2, in the absence of bundle branch block (study group), (age: 41.5 +/- 19 years, follow-up period: 5.7 +/- 2.5 years) and 200 subjects with rS morphology in V1-V2 without the middle slurring (control group), (age: 39.8 +/- 20 years, follow-up period: 5.2 +/- 2 years). The age, sex, prevalence of organic heart disease, QRS duration and follow-up period did not show significant differences between the two group. In the study group there was a higher prevalence of vertical axis (P less than 0.001), of S1S2S3 morphology (P less than 0.001) and of terminal r wave in a VR (P less than 0.05) compared to control group. During the follow-up period, a right bundle branch block appeared in 19 subjects of study group (incomplete in 15 and complete in 4) and in 2 (complete) of control group (P less than 0.001). A left bundle branch block appeared only in one patient of study group and in one of control group. We conclude that the isolated slight middle slurring in V1-V2 expresses an initial involvement of the right bundle branch system and increases the likelihood of appearance of right bundle branch block. PMID- 6510619 TI - [Value of a serial electropharmacologic study in survivors of a cardiac arrest secondary to ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation]. AB - Electrophysiologic studies were performed in 10 patients (8 M, 2 F, mean age: 60.2 yrs) who had survived an episode of cardiac arrest due to ventricular tachycardia (VT) or ventricular fibrillation. The purpose was to evaluate the usefulness of serial acute drug testing in selecting an effective chronic antiarrhythmic regimen. The cardiac arrest had always been sudden and unexpected. It occurred outside the hospital in 7 cases and in the hospital in 3 cases. Patients in whom cardiac arrest was associated with evidence of acute myocardial infarction were excluded from the study. Nine of the patients were suffering from chronic ischemic heart disease with 1 or more previous myocardial infarctions while 1 had no evidence of organic heart disease. A ventricular aneurysm was present in 4 of them. During control electrophysiologic study a sustained VT was induced by ventricular stimulation (single and double extrastimuli at various paced ventricular cycle lengths + bursts of rapid ventricular pacing) in 9 of the 10 patients (90%) and a non sustained VT was induced in 1 of them (10%). In 3 patients (30%) VT could be initiated only by right ventricular stimulation at a site different from the apex (outflow tract). During serial acute drug testing a totally effective drug regimen (successful in preventing the induction of any ventricular arrhythmia) was found in 6 of the 9 patients (66.7%) who underwent this procedure and a partially effective drug regimen (sustained VT no longer inducible, easier to interrupt and considerably slower) was found in 2 patients (22.2%). None of the patients who received a chronic antiarrhythmic therapy based on the results of serial acute drug testing died suddenly during a mean follow-up of 14.8 months (range: 3-29) and only 1 had a recurrence of cardiac arrest. The latter, however, was taking antiarrhythmic drugs at a dosage less than that proved to be effective during electropharmacological testing. The only patient who refused serial acute drug testing and received an empiric antiarrhythmic therapy died suddenly at the 21st month of the follow-up. It is also noteworthy that amiodarone, alone or in combination, was given chronically to 6 of our patients (60%). These results 1) indicate that serial electropharmacological testing is useful in selecting an effective long-term drug regimen in survivors of cardiac arrest, and 2) suggest that amiodarone may be effective in preventing sudden death in these patients. PMID- 6510620 TI - [Prognostic value of echocardiography in acute myocardial infarct: comparison, by multivariate analysis, between mono- and bidimensional parameters]. AB - A multivariate step-wise analysis with death or heart failure as prognostic end points was utilized in 62 patients with an acute myocardial infarction (AMI), to evaluate the age related short-term prognostic significance of selected M-Mode and two dimensional echocardiographic parameters, and to identify, among them, the best predictors of the clinical outcome. The echocardiographic examination was performed within 24 hours from the occurrence of cardiac chest pain. After a three months follow-up study, the patients were divided into groups: 9 patients who died (Group A), 53 patients who survived (Group B), subdivided into 41 asymptomatic patients (Group B1) and 12 patients with clinical signs of heart failure (Group B2). The selected parameters were: age, left ventricular end diastolic and end-systolic diameters (LVEDD, LVESD), left atrial diameter (LAD), the electrocardiographic PR interval minus AC interval from the mitral echogram (PR-AC), the distance between the mitral E point and the septum (EPSS), total aortic excursion (TAE), and two dimensional wall motion score. From the step-wise analysis of groups A and B we classified the parameters as follows, the relative prognostic significance being highest on the left side: score greater than TAE greater than AGE greater than PR-AC greater than LVEDD (LAD, LVESD, EPSS). For groups B1 and B2 the following results were obtained: score greater than PR-AC greater than AGE greater than LVESD greater than EPSS (TAE, LVESD, LAD). In parenthesis are indicated the variables whose prognostic value did not reach any significant level. When a discriminant function was applied to the 5 most significant variables, we could identify 78% of the patients of group A, and 77% of those of the group B; of groups B1 and B2 we identified correctly 83% and 92% of the patients respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6510621 TI - [Characterization and therapy of ventricular arrhythmias due to transient myocardial ischemic attacks in variant angina]. AB - Forty-two patients with variant angina were studied by ambulatory ECG monitoring to determine the incidence and the characteristics of ventricular arrhythmias during ischemic attacks. Twenty-six patients had no ventricular arrhythmias in 633 ischemic attacks; 16 patients had ventricular arrhythmias in 116/586 ischemic attacks. The number of ischemic attacks per day and the magnitude of ST elevation were significantly (p less than 0.05) greater in patients with ventricular arrhythmias. Ventricular arrhythmias appeared at the onset or at the peak of ST elevation (first phase) in 17 ischemic attacks, during the resolution of ST elevation (second phase) in 43 attacks, during both the phases in 9 attacks. ST alternans appeared during 6 ischemic attacks with arrhythmias. Two episodes of ventricular fibrillation and 22 runs of ventricular tachycardia occurred during the first phase, 17 episodes of ventricular tachycardia were recorded during the second phase. Ventricular tachycardia of the second phase compared with ventricular tachycardias of the first phase were significantly (p less than 0.01) slower, uniform and initiated by a late premature beat. Incidence of arrhythmias of the second phase was strictly correlated with the duration of ischemic attacks. Nine patients who showed ventricular arrhythmias during the second phase of ischemic attacks were enrolled in a cross-over study to assess the antiarrhythmic effects of nifedipine (120 mg/day) and verapamil (480 mg/day). During treatment with nifedipine, the frequency of ischemic attacks declined by 85%, while the frequency of attacks with arrhythmias declined by 97% (p less than 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6510622 TI - Metabolic aspects of compensatory mechanisms in cardiac failure. AB - Three metabolic adaptive or compensatory mechanisms of heart failure were discussed: Adaptation of energy production and of energy availability in the myocardial cell. With increased myocardial oxygen demands this is achieved by a progressive displacement of the mass action ratio of the creatine phosphokinase reaction, so that pronounced changes in the creatine phosphate-ratio, related to myocardial oxygen consumption, are accompanied by only small changes in adenosine 5'-triphosphate adenosine-5'-diphosphate and hence in free energy of the adenine nucleotide system. Adjustment of the oxygen availability by adaptation of the hemoglobin dissociation curve due to an increase in the erythrocyte content of 2, 3-diphosphoglycerate. This is accompanied by a swelling of erythrocytes as a consequence of an increase in the Gibbs-Donnan potential. In patients with congestive heart failure 2,3-diphosphoglycerate-synthesis is augmented due to respiratory alkalosis and increased concentrations of deoxygenated hemoglobin. Increase in the sympathetic drive of the heart due to increased net discharge of the neurotransmitter caused by reduced neuronal reuptake of norepinephrine. The diminished myocardial norepinephrine content in heart failure is due to the diminished neuronal uptake and to insufficient de novo catecholamine synthesis in the heart. Rather than tyrosine-hydroxylase the transformation of dopamine to norepinephrine seems to be the rate limiting step for catecholamine synthesis in heart failure. PMID- 6510623 TI - Vasodilators in left ventricular failure. AB - Vasodilator drugs are generally classified according to their prevalent site of action: arteriolar vasodilators (e.g. phentolamine, hydralazine, nifedipine) which reduce peripheral resistance and, therefore, increase stroke volume and cardiac output; venodilators (e.g. nitrates), which decrease filling pressure, redistributing intravascular blood volume from the central to the peripheral reservoirs and therefore relieve signs and symptoms of congestion; "balanced" vasodilators (e.g. nitroprusside, prazosin, captopril) which present both effects. Vasodilator therapy is indicated in heart failure caused by impaired contractility (congestive cardiomyopathy, ischemic heart disease) and volume overload (mitral and aortic regurgitation, ventricular septal defect). Hemodynamic studies of acute pharmacological effects are necessary for a correct drug choice, even if they are not always predictive of the long-term efficacy. Non-invasive studies (in particular echocardiography) don't seem actually adequate for vasodilator therapy evaluation. Finally it is not known if vasodilator treatment influence prognosis of chronic heart failure (especially survival), but there is evidence that it can lessen symptoms and increase effort tolerance. PMID- 6510624 TI - [Congenital tricuspid insufficiency due to valvular dysplasia]. AB - A case of congenital tricuspid incompetence in a 39 year old woman is reported. The patient, who was in suffering congestive heart failure, had no history of trauma, myocardial infarction, rheumatic fever, infective endocarditis. Right ventriculography and right atrial pressure recording both showed signs of severe tricuspid insufficiency. Echocardiography showed dilatation of the right ventricle and atrium, and the lack of normal systolic coaptation of anterior and septal tricuspid leaflets, while contrast echocardiography gave direct evidence of regurgitation. Valvular replacement with a bioprosthesis was carried out. The diagnosis of congenital tricuspid incompetence was confirmed at operation. The patient is asymptomatic at one year follow up. PMID- 6510625 TI - Dynamics of heart failure in ventricular aneurysm studied by a physical model. AB - Utilizing a model of ventricular aneurysm of varying size and wall thickness produced on a layered thin-walled elastic sac (original ventricle), the static pressure-volume relationships of the ventricle-aneurysm system were determined. Progressive increase in the size of an aneurysm lowered the intracavitary pressure obtained in the system. Decreasing the wall thickness of an aneurysm also decreased the developing pressure in the system. The results indicate that intraventricular pressure to be developed, being common to both ventricle and aneurysm, largely depends on the volume of the remaining intact myocardium of the original ventricle and the mechanical characteristics of the aneurysm, i.e., size, elasticity and wall thickness of the aneurysm. The maximum pressure generated in a thin-walled aneurysm is directly proportional to the wall volume and Young's modulus, and inversely to the unstressed volume (initial radius) of the aneurysmal sac. PMID- 6510626 TI - Side effects during therapy with low dosage amiodarone. AB - Amiodarone is a very active antiarrhythmic agent, but true incidence of Amiodarone-related side effects is still questionable. In a prospective trial of 400 or 200 mg of Amiodarone day for 56 days in 58 patients, we monitored thyroid and liver function, blood count, chest x-ray, ecg. In addiction we took regularly notice of subjective disturbances and physical signs. Side effects were: conduction disturbances 6%, bradycardia less than 50/min. 2%, gastrointestinal 12%, sleep disorders 12%, hyperthyroidism 4,15% and hypothyroidism 6.25%. Blood levels of Amiodarone and desethylamiodarone were not predictive of side effects. Noteworthy was the absence of cutaneous and pulmonary side effects. On the other hand, thyroid function should be monitored carefully because disfunction is not rare (10.4%) and in the case of hyperthyroidism could be related to worsening of arrhythmias. PMID- 6510627 TI - [A proposal for the systemic evaluation of the infarct patient]. PMID- 6510628 TI - [Advances in the consolidation of the national health system]. PMID- 6510629 TI - [Prevalence of intestinal parasitosis in the middle-class population of the city of Merida]. PMID- 6510630 TI - [The use of new medical technics: the problem for Mexico]. PMID- 6510631 TI - [The Social Medical Service and health programs]. PMID- 6510632 TI - Carcinogenicity in rats of ptaquiloside isolated from bracken. AB - The nature of the carcinogen present in bracken fern has not yet been elucidated. Very recently, we succeeded in isolating ptaquiloside, a novel norsesquiterpene glucoside of the illudane type, from bracken. Ptaquiloside was shown to be a carcinogenic principle of bracken fern. It induces mammary cancer and multiple ileal tumors in high incidences when given orally to female Sprague-Dawley rats. PMID- 6510633 TI - DNA damage induced by asbestos in the presence of hydrogen peroxide. AB - Treatment of calf thymus DNA with various types of asbestos fibers in the presence of hydrogen peroxide under physiological conditions (pH 7.4, 37 degrees) resulted in the hydroxylation of the C-8 position of guanine residues. DNA strand scission was also detected after these treatments. PMID- 6510634 TI - Carcinogenicity of captafol in B6C3F1 mice. AB - The potential carcinogenicity of captafol in B6C3F1 mice was examined. Captafol was given at levels of 0 (control), 0.075, 0.15 or 0.3% in the diet to a total of 203 males and 203 females for 96 weeks, after which time the animals were returned to basal diet for a further 8 weeks. Mice surviving 42 weeks or longer were included in the effective numbers. Males and females given 0.3% captafol showed increased cumulative mortalities in the final quarter period of the experiment. Significant increases in the development of neoplastic lesions were found in the heart, spleen, forestomach, small intestine and liver of mice of both sexes treated with captafol. Tumors induced by captafol were, histologically, hemangioendothelioma in the heart, hemangioma or hemangioendothelioma in the spleen, papilloma and squamous cell carcinoma in the forestomach, adenoma and adenocarcinoma in the small intestine, and hyperplastic nodule and hepatocellular carcinoma in the liver. These results demonstrate a broad-spectrum carcinogenicity of captafol in B6C3F1 mice. PMID- 6510635 TI - The effects of pretreatment with stomach extract on the incidence of X-ray induced gastric tumor in ICR mice. AB - The effect of crude stomach extracts (CSE) on X-ray-induced gastric tumorigenesis was examined. ICR mice were treated with two or four administrations of CSE at one-week intervals then irradiated with 20 Gy of X-rays one week after the final CSE administration. Unexpectedly, the incidence of X-ray-induced tumors was not significantly altered by two CSE pretreatments but was markedly reduced by four CSE pretreatments. Similarly, erosion and squamous metaplasia produced in the glandular stomach a week after X-irradiation were markedly diminished by four CSE pretreatments but not by two CSE pretreatments. PMID- 6510636 TI - Kinetics of nitrosation of thioproline, the precursor of a major nitroso compound in human urine, and its role as a nitrite scavenger. AB - The kinetics of nitrosation of thioproline was studied. The rate of the reaction increased with decrease in pH, and was first-order with respect to nitrite concentration. The reaction rate was proportional to the concentration of total thioproline (free plus protonated), not to that of free thioproline. The initial reaction rate followed the equation: rate = k4 X [thioproline] X [NaNO2] X [H+] The rate constant was found to be 49.4M-2 . sec-1 at pH 2.0 and 37 degrees. Thioproline acted as a nitrite scavenger, and suppressed the formation of a carcinogen, N-nitroso-N-benzylmethylamine, from N-benzylmethylamine and nitrite. More than 90% of the formation of N-nitroso-N-benzylmethylamine was inhibited by adding 20mM thioproline to a reaction mixture containing 20mM N-benzylmethylamine and 20mM sodium nitrite at pH 3.0 and 37 degrees. PMID- 6510637 TI - Role of cytochrome P-450 and flavin-containing monooxygenase in the N hydroxylation of N-methyl-4-aminoazobenzene in rat liver: analysis with purified enzymes and antibodies. AB - By means of high pressure liquid chromatography, the role of flavin-containing monooxygenase (FMO) and cytochrome P-450 (cyt. P-450) in the metabolism of N methyl-4-aminoazobenzene (MAB) by rat liver microsomes in vitro was studied with the help of antibodies and a chemical inhibitor. Antibody against cyt. P-488 from 3-methylcholanthrene-treated rats (MC-P-448) decreased the formation of N-hydroxy N-methyl-4-aminoazobenzene (N-OH-MAB) by about 30% in microsomes from MC-treated rats (MC-microsomes), but showed no inhibitory effect on the formation of N-OH MAB in microsomes from untreated rats (untreated microsomes) or in microsomes from phenobarbital-treated rats (PB-microsomes). Antibody against cyt. P-450 from PB-treated rats did not inhibit N-hydroxylation of MAB by any of the microsomes tested. A competitive inhibitor of FMO, methimazole, inhibited the N hydroxylation of MAB by 65% in the case of MC-microsomes, and the residual activity was inhibited completely by anti-NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase (anti fPT) antibody. These results indicate that in MC-microsomes, the N-hydroxylation of MAB is catalyzed by both FMO and MC-P-448, but in untreated and PB-microsomes the reaction is catalyzed exclusively by FMO. PMID- 6510638 TI - Cell growth-inhibitory effects of derivatives of antitumor cyclic hexapeptide RA V obtained from Rubiae radix (V). AB - Alkylehter and ester derivatives of the antitumor cyclic hexapeptide RA-V obtained from the roots of Rubia cordifolia (Rubiaceae) were synthesized and bioassayed for activity against cultured tumor cells. RA-V and its n-hexylether showed significant effects against human nasopharynx carcinoma (KB), P388 lymphocytic leukemia and MM2 mammary carcinoma cells. The activity values (log 1/IC50) of ether derivatives of RA-V gave an upward parabolic or bilinear relationship when plotted against log P (P: partition coefficient determined with the 1-octanol/water system) as the carbon number of the side chain at the phenol moiety of RA-V was increased, the optimum log P values being in the range from 3.5 to 4.9. The ester derivatives showed a similar relationship, the optimum log P values being 6.3-6.7, which is higher than that of the ether derivatives. The lethal effect of RA-V on KB cells was clearly different from that of mitomycin C, and RA-V was concluded to be a "time-dependent drug" like vinblastine. PMID- 6510639 TI - Antitumor activity and toxicity of methyl 6-[3-(2-chloroethyl)- 3-nitrosoureido] 6-deoxy-alpha-D-glucopyranoside in experimental animals. AB - A new water-soluble nitrosourea derivative, methyl 6-[3-(2-chloroethyl)-3 nitrosoureido]-6-deoxy-alpha-D-glucopyranoside (MCNU), was tested for antitumor activity against murine tumors (L1210 and P388 leukemias, B16 melanoma, and Lewis lung carcinoma) and BC-47 rat bladder carcinoma, and the results were compared with those for four other nitrosourea derivatives; chlorozotocin, 1-(2 chloroethyl)-3-(beta-D-glucopyranosyl)-1-nitrosourea (GANU), 3-[(4-amino-2-methyl 5-pyrimidinyl)methyl]-1-(2-chloroethyl)-1- nitrosourea hydrochloride (ACNU), and 1-(2-chloroethyl)-3-(4-methylcyclohexyl)-1-nitrosourea (methyl-CCNU). MCNU was shown not only to have a broad antitumor spectrum against all the tumors tested, but also to be effective over a wide range of dosages. The antitumor activity of MCNU was superior to those of GANU and chlorozotocin and similar to those of ACNU and methyl-CCNU. Furthermore, MCNU and other nitrosoureas were evaluated for toxicity in BDF1 female mice with respect to body weight changes. Weight loss in mice given MCNU at a dose lethal to 10% of the mice was relatively mild and the treated mice regained body weight most rapidly to the pretreatment level among all groups receiving the above drugs at equitoxic doses. These results may suggest that MCNU is a new nitrosourea derivative worthwhile to perform clinical trials. PMID- 6510640 TI - Gastrointestinal endoscopy in the 1980s: cost, challenge, and change. PMID- 6510641 TI - Stricture location in Barrett's esophagus. AB - Twenty-eight patients with Barrett's esophagus were studied and strictures were present in 13. Two strictures were malignant. Of the 11 benign strictures, six were located at the squamocolumnar junction, while five were located below the squamocolumnar junction. Contrary to previous reports, benign esophageal strictures often occur below the squamocolumnar junction in patients with Barrett's esophagus. PMID- 6510642 TI - Retrograde amnesia effects of intravenous diazepam in endoscopy patients. AB - The presence of a retrograde amnesia, when caused by medications given prior to a medical procedure, can pose the medicolegal question of informed consent. This study investigated the retrograde amnesic effects of intravenous diazepam administered prior to gastrointestinal endoscopy. No significant retrograde amnesia was found in case subjects when compared with controls. PMID- 6510643 TI - Endoscopic diagnosis of pseudohemobilia resulting from a pancreaticoduodenal artery pseudoaneurysm. PMID- 6510644 TI - Giant ileal inflammatory polyps in Crohn's disease. PMID- 6510645 TI - Large biliary prosthesis placement through a combined endoscopic and oral route. PMID- 6510646 TI - Balloon catheter dilation of postoperative gastric outlet stenosis. PMID- 6510647 TI - Endoscopic training in the academic GI program. Program Directors Workshop, March 29 and 30, 1984, Atlanta, Georgia. On balance: endoscopic training as part of the academic postgraduate gastroenterology fellowship. PMID- 6510648 TI - Endoscopic training in the academic GI program. Program Directors Workshop, March 29 and 30, 1984, Atlanta, Georgia. What the endoscopy training program should be- and do. PMID- 6510649 TI - Endoscopic training in the academic GI program. Program Directors Workshop, March 29 and 30, 1984, Atlanta, Georgia. The fiberoptic training program in an academic department of surgery. PMID- 6510650 TI - Endoscopic training in the academic GI program. Program Directors Workshop, March 29 and 30, 1984, Atlanta, Georgia. How the GI pathologist can interact best with the GI trainee. AB - Effective collaboration between endoscopists is essential if optimal results from gastrointestinal biopsy are to be achieved. Agreed upon ways to enhance communication should be established, such as special requisition forms and regular conferences to discuss biopsy findings. Endoscopists and pathologists should know about and feel free to discuss the other specialist's procedures and techniques. Furthermore, all procedures and techniques for obtaining, handling, and reaching diagnostic conclusions from biopsy specimens need to be carefully examined and optimized. Recommended approaches are presented. PMID- 6510651 TI - Endometriosis of the sigmoid colon. PMID- 6510652 TI - The postendoscopy black eye. PMID- 6510653 TI - Postendoscopy subconjunctival hemorrhage. PMID- 6510654 TI - Endoscopic appearance of an Angelchik prosthesis. PMID- 6510655 TI - Temporary stenting as an aid to esophageal dilatation. PMID- 6510656 TI - A special maneuver for passage of the Sengstaken-Blakemore tube. PMID- 6510657 TI - Improved biliary decompression with large caliber endoscopic prostheses. PMID- 6510658 TI - Polyp retrieval impossible without colonoscope tip. PMID- 6510659 TI - Premedication with atropine is important. PMID- 6510660 TI - [Measurements, form and form variants of the thyroid and cricoid cartilages]. AB - Different measurements of the height and oblique landmarks are given. There are included the shape of the tubercula and the distances to landmarks and the cornua. On the cricoid cartilage, there are measured the height of arcus and lamina and its antero-posterior length, also the distances to the inferior horn, the inferior tubercle, and the inferior-anterior border of the thyroid cartilage. PMID- 6510661 TI - [Seasonally modified forms of the revised Janoschek function]. AB - Early attempts for modifying growth functions to annual variations dating back up to 2 decades are recalled together with examples for their application showing rather different degrees of approximation. In order to secure independence from special functions, Sager (1982) has proposed a general concept for the modification of growth functions. In this way, examples were treated with the Putter-Bertalanffy's for crustaceans and clams, with the Gompertz' for the goby, and with the Richards' for the pollack - a near relative of the cod. In continuation of these endevours, the revised Janoschek's is presented in 2 forms, namely one adapted to birth data or in an unbound variant. Special attention is given to the evaluation of the parameters used in nonlinear regressions for both forms. The new equation for bound growth opens a chance for giving real birth values even in seasonally changing growth if one deciding parameter will surmount 1 as has been the case in many applications heretofore. As an example the mussel Mytilus edulis taken from marine "farms" in the Menai-Straits of North Wales is treated with the seasonally modified Janoschek function. Although the special case cannot be realized in this case, the curves for length growth and growth increase are rather instructive compared with the basic behaviour with lacking annual variations. Approximations from 0.5 to 2.7 a show very close agreement with natural values of length as can be verified from numerical and graphical displays. PMID- 6510662 TI - [Effect of artificial skull deformation in vitro on sensory performance in the human. Morphologic and tomographic study based on the calvarium E2 of Tell es Sultan/Jericho (7th millenium b.c.)]. AB - The question of an influence of artificial skull deformations on sensory performances in man has been discussed since Torquemada (1615). It was inquired into by means of the individual E2 of the Tell es Sultan/Jericho (7th millenium B.C.). At first a morphological expert evidence and then an ear tomography (Mundnich and Frey's method) were carried out. Hereby abnormal displacements of all head organs or their parts could be seen. Evaluable pathological findings, however, did not result. Thus an influence of artificial skull deformation on sensory performance in man has to be refused in the same way as the connection of the same with infant mortality invented by Torquemada (in this case political reasons were probably responsible for it). The functional thesis of Toldt for the formation of Arcus superciliares etc. was confirmed. PMID- 6510663 TI - Anatomical studies on the cerebellum of the donkey of Egypt. AB - The cerebellar mass forms about 34.4 cm3. The ratio to the brain mass is 1:9.8. The cerebellar dimensions are 5.2 cm in width, 3.9 cm in height, and 4.9 cm in the rostrocaudal length. Its weight is 37.6 g, it forms a relation of 1:9.4 (10.8%) to the weight of the whole brain mass. The cerebellar lobulation of the donkey is as follows: The rostral lobe consists of median lobules (Lingula, Lobulus centralis, and Culmen) and lateral lobules (Vinculum lingulae, Ala lobuli centralis, and Lobulus quadrangularis). The caudal lobe consists of median lobules (Declive, Folium, Tuber, Pyramis, and Uvula) and lateral lobules (Lobulus simplex, Lobulus ansiformis, Lobulus paramedianus, Parafloccularis dorsalis, and Parafloccularis ventralis). The flocculonodular lobule is made up a median lobule, the Nodulus, and the lateral lobule is the Flocculus. All measurements, numbers of the superficial folia for each lobule as well as the folia which border the fissures were recorded. From the investigation, some morphological differences between donkey and horse can be concluded. PMID- 6510664 TI - Functional anatomy of the perivascular tissue in the adductor canal. AB - Lower limbs of human adults, males and females, were used for micro- and mesoscopic studies of the collagen-elastic arrangement of the tissue surrounding the femoral vessels on their course along the adductor canal. The vessels' sheaths and lamellae which join them to the canal walls, are formed by strong networks of collagen and elastic fibers, and the perivascular area is filled by thin lamellae of connective tissue, delimiting lobules of adipose tissue. The functional importance of this arrangement to the mechanic protection of the vessels during contraction of the muscles related to the vessels in the adductor canal is discussed. PMID- 6510665 TI - [Primary hemopoietic dysplasia as a preliminary stage of acute leukemia]. PMID- 6510666 TI - [Clinico-morphologic and scintigraphic characteristics of bone marrow, liver and spleen in patients with a leukopenic syndrome]. PMID- 6510667 TI - [Cytomorphologic, cytogenetic and immunologic characteristics of preleukemic states]. PMID- 6510668 TI - [The nature of low-grade leukemia]. PMID- 6510669 TI - [Preleukemia and myelodysplastic syndromes (discussion questions)]. PMID- 6510670 TI - [Colony-forming ability of granulomonocytopoietic precursor cells in patients with acquired dyserythropoietic anemias]. PMID- 6510671 TI - [Risk of developing acute leukemia in patients with aplastic anemia]. PMID- 6510672 TI - [Hematopoietic disorders preceding bone marrow blastosis]. PMID- 6510673 TI - Comparison of the electrophysiological effects of 4-aminoquinoline, quinidine and lidocaine on frog atrial contractile fibres. AB - Standard microelectrode techniques were used to study the electrophysiological effects of 4-aminoquinoline (4-AQ), a 4-aminopyridine analogue, on frog atrial contractile fibres and the effects compared with those of quinidine and lidocaine. The effects of 4-AQ (250 and 500 microM) were: reduction of action potential amplitude, overshoot and maximum upstroke velocity (Vmax) and increase of action potential duration. These effects were reversible after washing. No change in membrane resting potential was observed with these drug concentrations. Quinidine (27 and 54 microM) caused no statistically significant changes of resting potential and overshoot but dose-dependently decreased Vmax. Action potential duration (APD) was shortened or unchanged at 60% repolarization, whereas at 90% repolarization APD was increased by the higher concentration of this drug. Quinidine (54 microM) also depressed action potential amplitude. Lidocaine (17 microM) induced a slight decrease of action potential amplitude and a marked reduction of Vmax as well as of APD without changing membrane resting potential or overshoot. Comparison of these results indicate that 4-AQ and quinidine share most electrophysiological effects such as depression of upstroke velocity, action potential total amplitude and repolarization rate at phase 3 of the transmembrane potential. Lidocaine and 4-AQ share only the capability of decreasing Vmax, whereas the effect upon repolarization was the opposite. Consequently, this study together with a previous one of our laboratory (Guerrero, 1982) suggest that 4-AQ is a drug having some quinidine-like properties. PMID- 6510674 TI - Monosodium-L-glutamate-induced convulsions--I. Differences in seizure pattern and duration of effect as a function of age in rats. AB - Convulsive activity in 3, 10, 60 and 180-day old Sprague-Dawley rats was studied following the i.p. administration of 4 mg g-1 of commercial MSG. The latency period increased with the age of the animals while the duration of the convulsive period was longer in younger animals and shorter in 60-day old rats. Convulsions were predominantly tonic in 3 and 10-day old rats, tonic-clonic in 60-day old rats, and predominantly clonic in 180-day old animals. The severity of the convulsions and death incidence increased progressively with age. Animals injected either with sodium chloride equimolar to MSG or physiological saline solution showed no convulsive activity. The effects of MSG without trace metals were no different from those produced by commercial MSG. PMID- 6510675 TI - The effects of phenobarbital, bis-p-nitrophenyl phosphate and disulfiram on the hydrolysis of propanidid in Wistar rats. AB - The short-acting anesthetic propanidid was used in vivo as a model substrate in studies of phenobarbital-inducible carboxylesterases in Wistar rats. Phenobarbital shortened the duration of anesthesia produced by intravenous (25 mg/kg) or intraperitoneal (750 mg/kg) administration of propanidid which was in good agreement with the lowered plasma concentration and the shortened half-life of propanidid in phenobarbital-pretreated rats. The treatment of rats with bis-p nitrophenyl phosphate or disulfiram with or without phenobarbital-pretreatment prolonged the sleeping time and the half-life of propanidid in plasma. PMID- 6510676 TI - Enhanced metabolism of morphine in Octodon degus compared to Wistar rats. AB - Comparative studies of the actions of morphine in different mammals have shown that Octodon degus presents an unusual tolerance to this compound. Morphine glucuronidation and N-demethylation in microsomal fractions of Octodon degus were 10.9 and 50.0 nmol of product formed/min/g of wet liver, respectively. In Wistar rat these activities were 10.5 and 12.5, respectively. Microsomal protein and cytochrome P-450 contents were two and four times higher in Octodon degus than in the Wistar rat, respectively. These results may explain the high tolerance to morphine presented by Octodon degus. PMID- 6510677 TI - The influence of barbiturate drugs on tetraethylammonium induced contractures of the chick biventer cervicis muscle in vitro. AB - Methohexitone sodium (METHO) 8.8 X 10(-5) M markedly potentiates tetraethylammonium (TEA)-induced contractures of the chick biventer cervicis muscle in vitro, (Elliott, 1979). A group of barbiturates were compared with METHO for their ability to potentiate TEA induced contractures. The concentrations of TEA which produced a 50% maximum contracture (EC 50) in the presence of METHO (8.8 X 10(-5) M) and in the optimum potentiating concentrations of the other barbiturates were determined. The EC 50 ratios (= EC 50 METHO/EC 50 test drug) were: barbitone sodium 0.25, phenobarbitone sodium, 0.20, pentobarbitone sodium 0.90, thiopentone sodium, 2.43. The concentrations of the barbiturates used were: barbitone 3.1 X 10(-2) M, phenobarbitone 3.15 X 10(-3) M, pentobarbitone 6.04 X 10(-4) M, thiopentone 1.89 X 10(-4) M. The EC 50 ratios were adjusted by dividing by the ratio [test barbiturate]/[METHO]. The adjusted ratios gave the following potencies (METHO = 1), barbitone 7.13 X 10(-4), n = 6, phenobarbitone 5.58 X 10(-3), n = 8, pentobarbitone 1.33 X 10(-1), n = 6, thiopentone 1.13, n = 6. The potencies correlate well with the partition coefficients of the barbiturates between cell membranes and buffer (P m/b). The regression y = 1.49x -3.12, where y = log (adjusted ratio) and x = log (P m/b) fits data with a correlation coefficient of 0.99. PMID- 6510678 TI - Choline uptake by lipid liposomes and its diffusion across chloroform are saturable and inhibited by hemicholinium-3. AB - Uptake of choline by lipid liposomes formed by cholate dialysis was saturable, inhibited by hemicholinium-3 and increased by preloading with unlabelled choline. Diffusion of choline between two aqueous phases separated by chloroform was also saturable, inhibited by high concentrations of hemicholinium-3, and increased by choline on the opposite side of the chloroform. These results indicate that choline diffusion may sometimes demonstrate properties qualitatively similar to those of low affinity carrier mediated transport systems. PMID- 6510679 TI - The effect of trifluperidol on the contractile response of guinea-pig taenia coli to acetylcholine, histamine, potassium and calcium. AB - In guinea-pig taenia coli, trifluperidol antagonized the contraction induced by all agonists tested in a non-competitive manner. pA2 values for trifluperidol calculated for acetylcholine, histamine and calcium were not different. pD'2 values for trifluperidol calculated for acetylcholine, histamine and potassium did not differ, while the pD'2 for acetylcholine and calcium were significantly different. pD'2 values for trifluperidol calculated for calcium varied with the concentration of the antagonist. Trifluperidol has been considered a non-specific blocking agent in guinea-pig taenia coli. This inhibitory activity has been considered very similar to that of local anaesthetic agents, although calcium was blocked in a non-competitive manner by trifluperidol, differently from anaesthetic agents that block calcium in a competitive way. PMID- 6510680 TI - Iodine binding in the endostyle of larval Branchiostoma lanceolatum (Cephalochordata). AB - The asymmetrical endostyle of Branchiostoma larvae contains two different zones of mucus-producing cells which metamorphose to the paired zones 2 and 4 respectively in the endostyle of the adult. In both the larva and the adult these zones are parts of the food-trapping mechanism. An endostyle zone, which has a position corresponding to that of the paired iodinating zones in the endostyle of the adult, binds iodine selectively. The ultrastructure and labeling pattern indicate that the labeled cells in the larval endostyle belong to functionally different types. In one region of the iodinating zone iodine is mainly bound extracellularly at the apical cell surface. Also in the second region grains are located at the apical cell surface as well as over the cytoplasm and extracellularly at the basal plasma membrane. It is possible that iodination takes place in the lumen close to cells in the first region and that the labeled product is taken up and eventually released by cells of the second region. Our observations show that this primitive endostyle already has iodinating capacity and may synthesize and release thyroid hormones. PMID- 6510681 TI - Immunocytochemical identification of the proopiocortin-producing cells in the chum salmon pituitary with antisera to endorphin and NH2-terminal peptide of salmon proopiocortin. AB - The proopiocortin-containing cells were identified immunocytochemically in the chum salmon pituitary using specific antibodies raised against NH2-terminal peptide (sNPP) and COOH-terminal peptide, endorphin (sEP), of salmon proopiocortin. Immunoreactivity for both sNPP and sEP was observed in the same cells, melanotrops, in the pars intermedia. In the pars distalis, on the other hand, corticotrops were stained only with antibody to sNPP but not with that to sEP. The present results indicate that proopiocortin or a precursor molecule for NH2-terminal peptide and endorphin is biosynthesized in both melanotrops of the pars intermedia and corticotrops of the pars distalis. However, the absence of immunoreactivity of corticotrops with sEP antibody suggests that the processing of the precursor molecule in the pars distalis differs significantly from that in the pars intermedia in the chum salmon pituitary as the processings established in the two lobes in the mammalian pituitaries. PMID- 6510682 TI - Changes in plasma thyroxine concentrations in male and female starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) during a photo-induced gonadal cycle. AB - Previous studies have shown that the thyroid must be important during the onset of photorefractoriness because thyroidectomised starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) do not become photorefractory. Therefore, to determine changes in plasma thyroxine during the onset of photorefractoriness, starlings were kept on photoperiods which induce photorefractoriness at different rates. Four groups of males and females were transferred from 8 hr light:16 hr darkness (8L:16D) to either 18L:6D, 13L:11D, 11L:13D, or 8L:16D and weekly blood samples were taken and assayed for thyroxine. In males and females on the two longer photoperiods, plasma thyroxine increased to a peak after 2-3 weeks. In those on 18L:6D, this was followed by a second peak after 9 weeks. Both 18L:6D and 13L:11D induced photorefractoriness. In birds held on 11L:13D, which became sexually mature but did not become photorefractory, there was no change in thyroxine. The results demonstrate that an increase in thyroxine concentration is associated with the onset of photorefractoriness. PMID- 6510683 TI - The effect of temperature on spontaneous, and ovulation hormone-induced female reproduction in Lymnaea stagnalis. AB - Spontaneous oviposition of the freshwater pulmonate snail Lymnaea stagnalis stopped after transfer from 20 degrees to low temperatures (8 and 4 degrees). This was due to a reduction in the activities of the neurosecretory caudodorsal cells (CDC), which produce the ovulation hormone (CDCH). Oviposition latencies (time interval between CDCH-injection and start of oviposition) increased with decreasing temperature. The ovotestis and the female accessory sex organs of snails placed at 8 degrees became less sensitive, and those at 4 degrees became completely insensitive to injected CDCH. This was probably caused by a reduction in activities of the endocrine dorsal bodies (DB), which control vitellogenesis and the activities of the female accessory sex organs. After a change from 4 to 20 degrees, CDCH injections rapidly became effective in inducing egg mass production, and spontaneous oviposition also restarted quickly, suggesting a rapid increase in DB and CDC activities. PMID- 6510684 TI - Recovery of photosensitivity in photorefractory starlings is not prevented by testosterone treatment. AB - Groups of photorefractory intact and castrated male starlings were implanted with three 30-mm Silastic capsules containing testosterone or with empty capsules and transferred to short (8-hr) daylengths. In the castrated birds given empty capsules plasma luteinizing hormone (LH) rose from basal levels after 20-30 days and reached a high plateau level at about 40 days; this return of a "castration response" indicates a quite rapid recovery of photosensitivity under short days. Half of these birds were transferred to long (18-hr) day-lengths after 56 days but no further significant increase in plasma LH was noted as a consequence. In fact, levels of the hormone soon declined markedly as the birds became photorefractory. In the castrates implanted with testosterone, LH remained very low throughout the period of short-day treatment. After 56 days the capsules were removed and half the birds were transferred to 18-hr photoperiods. In these, the LH levels rose markedly for the first 21 days and then declined as the birds became photorefractory. In the remaining castrates retained on 8-hr photoperiods, plasma levels of the gonadotrophin increased somewhat more slowly becoming maximal only after about 30 days, and refractoriness did not ensue. All intact birds retained small and undeveloped testes during the 56-day period of subjection to short days, i.e., testosterone did not induced gonadal growth. After this time capsules were removed and all of the birds were transferred to 18 hr day-lengths. The testes grew and reached a similar maximal size in all birds, though more slowly in those which had been implanted with testosterone.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6510685 TI - Changes in ecdysteroid and juvenile hormone titers in the hemolymph of Galleria mellonella larvae and pupae. AB - The variations in circulating ecdysteroids and juvenile hormones (JH) in Galleria, from the end of the antepenultimate larval stage until emergence of adults, have been determined. The two hormonal families were extracted separately from the same hemolymph sample and quantified by two radioimmunoassays. Juvenile hormone RIA activity was about 35 nM in larvae of the antepenultimate and penultimate stages. It dropped before each molt and increased thereafter. Moreover, it gradually decreased during the last larval instar. In pupae, it was generally low, but it rose drastically during the late pupal development and in young adults. This rise was very much higher in females than in males. Three different RIA-active compounds were found; they were assumed to be JH-I, JH-II, and JH-III according to their retention times in HPLC. The three compounds were present in almost equal concentration in larvae of the penultimate stage: JH-I predominated, however, during the last larval instar. In late pupae, the main hormone was JH-III both in males and in females. There is no clear relationship between ecdysteroid and juvenile hormone changes, except for a female-specific ecdysteroid rise which coincides with the juvenile hormone release in late pupae. This double hormonal stimulation can be involved in the regulation of vitellogenin synthesis and deposition in oocytes. PMID- 6510686 TI - Effects of Leu5-enkephalin on natural and angiotensin II-induced drinking in the Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica). AB - Natural drinking behavior was inhibited by intracranial (ic) injections of Leu5 enkephalin (LEN) (30 and 60 micrograms/100 g) for 60 min, but not by iv injections (30 and 100 micrograms/100 g) in the Japanese quail. Drinking induced by angiotensin II (AII) (30 and 50 micrograms/bird, ip) was also inhibited for 60 min by LEN (40, 60, and 100 micrograms/100 g, ic), given 5 min after the AII injections. Naloxone (3 mg/bird, ip) attenuated the inhibition of LEN (60 micrograms/100 g, ic) and when administered alone (3 mg/bird, ip) induced copious drinking. These results indicated that LEN binds with central opiate receptors to inhibit natural and AII-induced drinking and that endogenous enkephalins physiologically inhibit drinking. PMID- 6510687 TI - Spontaneous, rhythmic contractions of the ovarian follicular wall of a lizard (Anolis carolinensis). AB - Collapsed walls of vitellogenic follicles from the lizard Anolis carolinensis were placed in an in vitro system to measure contractility. Three initial tensions were utilized, 0.15, 1.5, and 10.0 g; the latter, after relaxation, produced follicles with a tension similar to that on the wall of an intact vitellogenic follicle. Follicles at each tension then were exposed to either saline or 50 ng/ml arginine vasotocin (AVT). Spontaneous, rhythmic follicular contractions occurred (approx one every 3 min), regardless of initial tension. The higher the initial tension, however, the greater the amplitude of the contractions. Treatment with AVT did not influence any parameter of rhythmic contraction. This report of rhythmic contractions of whole follicular walls of Anolis suggests that contractile activity of myofibroblasts in the wall plays a role in follicular growth and/or ovulation. PMID- 6510688 TI - Estradiol concentration in the serum of the one-humped camel (Camelus dromedarius) during the various reproductive stages. AB - During the estrous cycle of the camel the concentration of estradiol (E2) varies between 9 and 110 pg/ml. In early estrus, the peak level of E2 (74.7 +/- 6.61 pg/ml, n = 11) is maintained for 2.9 +/- 1.83 days. The length of an estrous cycle is 17.2 days. In the 10th month of pregnancy the level of E2 rises abruptly to 338.3 +/- 162.42 pg/ml and continues to rise until the 12th month, peaking at 606 +/- 120.27 pg/ml. The hormone concentration then drops until the day of parturition (mean 113.4 +/- 26.51 pg/ml). The level of E2 during the nonbreeding season (May-November) is low (6-48 pg/ml). PMID- 6510689 TI - Monovalent plasma ion regulation in the hypophysectomized Atlantic salmon. AB - Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar, were hypophysectomized by a buccal approach and placed in fresh water directly or after 2 weeks in one-third seawater. Fish transferred directly appeared unable to regulate plasma Na+ and C1- and failed rapidly. Those kept in dilute seawater before transfer had lower Na+ and C1- levels. However, this group had no mortalities and Na+ levels rose significantly within 2 months. No significant effects of hypophysectomy on K+ or hematocrits were noted. Hypophysectomized animals blanched markedly providing a useful indication of a successful operation. It appears that the pituitary is concerned with the retention of C1- and Na+ but that other factors are probably also involved in regulating Na+. A detailed discussion is provided on the management of the anesthetized animal during hypophysectomy. PMID- 6510690 TI - The mammalian hypophysial pars tuberalis: a comparative immunocytochemical study. AB - Despite its occurrence in most vertebrate species, the function of the hypophysial pars tuberalis (PT) remains obscure. Recent immunocytochemical studies have demonstrated the presence of hormone-containing cells in the few species studied. In the present study the secretory cell composition of the PT was characterized in a variety of mammals using immunocytochemistry. Species studies were the mouse, rat, guinea pig, rabbit, sheep, rhesus monkey, baboon, and human. Antisera were chosen on the basis of their ability to identify a distinct cell population in the pars distalis. A total of 21 antisera were used to identify GH, PRL, ACTH, beta-endorphin, LH, FSH, and TSH. Gonadotropes were identified in the PT of all eight species and were the predominant immunoreactive cell type in the human, baboon, rhesus monkey, sheep, guinea pig, rabbit, and mouse. Thyrotropes were detected in all species except the sheep. They were the predominant cell type in the rat but were less common than gonadotropes in other species. No other secretory cell types were found, with the exception of occasional somatotropes and mammotropes in some human specimens, and small clusters of opiocorticotropes in the guinea pig. Thus the general pattern in the mammalian PT is the presence of gonadotropes and thyrotropes and the absence of other pituitary cell types. In the human, baboon, and rat, all PT parenchymal cells can be identified immunocytochemically. However, in the rhesus monkey, sheep, guinea pig, rabbit, and mouse, the majority of PT cells do not react with any antisera, and thus their function is unknown. Follicles are common in the PT of most mammalian species, however, the luminal contents do not react with antisera to adenohypophysial hormones. PMID- 6510691 TI - Fish growth hormone enhances peripheral conversion of thyroxine to triiodothyronine in the eel (Anguilla anguilla L.). AB - In the eel, a low dose of tilapia growth hormone (tGH) (45 ng/g body wt), like ovine GH (oGH), induces a decrease in plasma thyroxine and a concomitant increase in plasma triiodothyronine, which result from a stimulation of peripheral conversion of thyroxine to triiodothyronine. Salmon prolactin (sPrl), unlike ovine Prl (oPrl), has no such action. Recognition of this specific action of growth hormone (GH) on production of active thyroid hormone (T3) opens up a new approach to the problem of the action of both hormones (GH, T3) in growth and in seawater adaptation of fish. PMID- 6510692 TI - Difference of the in vivo responsiveness to thyrotropin stimulation between the neotenic and metamorphosed axolotl, Ambystoma mexicanum: failure of prolactin to block the thyrotropin-induced thyroxine release. AB - Basal and TSH-induced plasma concentrations of T4 have been measured by radioimmunoassay in the neotenic and metamorphosed male axolotl Ambystoma mexicanum both before and after an ovine prolactin pretreatment. All injections are made into the vena abdominalis. Basal levels of T4 are low in neotenes (85 +/ 19 pg/ml) and somewhat higher in metamorphosed Ambystoma (171 +/- 39 pg/ml), but are increased during metamorphosis (1094 +/- 138 pg/ml). Following injection of 5 mU bovine TSH circulating levels of T4 are raised about 4 times in neotenes, but more than 50 times in metamorphose animals. Three intravenous injections, each of 640 mU prolactin and given, respectively, 24 and 13 hr before and simultaneously with 5 mU TSH, do not inhibit the TSH-induced release in both experimental groups. In the metamorphosed Ambystoma again a more than 50-fold T4 increase is present, whereas in neotenes a 10-fold TSH-induced T4 release is seen, which is more pronounced than before the prolactin treatment. It is concluded that in A. mexicanum ovine prolactin does not block a TSH-induced T4 release and that any antagonistic action with thyroid hormones is not mediated through the thyroid gland. PMID- 6510693 TI - Endocrine changes during natural spawning in the white sucker, Catostomus commersoni. I. Gonadotropin, growth hormone, and thyroid hormones. AB - White suckers (Catostomus commersoni; Cypriniformes, Teleosteii) spawning in a small stream in central Alberta were captured during different stages of their spawning migrations in 1981 and 1982, blood was sampled, and the fish were examined to determine their reproductive condition. Blood samples were analyzed for gonadotropin (GtH), growth hormone (GH), triiodothyronine (T3), and thyroxine (T4) by radioimmunoassay. GtH levels in both sexes were lowest prior to the onset of spawning, increased significantly in spawning males, females in which germinal vesicle migration had begun, and ovulated females and then dropped significantly in spent fish of both sexes. GH was lowest in prespawning females, increased significantly at ovulation, and remained high in spent females. In contrast, GH levels in males were relatively constant throughout spawning. In both sexes, highest T4 levels were found in prespawning fish, and T4 decreased significantly in spent fish. Although a similar decline was seen in T3 in 1981, in 1982 there were no T3 changes associated with changes in reproductive condition. No significant diurnal variations were detected in the levels of GtH or T3; T4 levels appeared to vary on a diurnal basis in prespawning males only. Spawning activity in both sexes therefore appears to be associated with increases in GtH occurring at ovulation in females and at the initiation of spawning in males. GH levels may also be related to reproductive condition in females, but not in males. The relationship of thyroid hormone levels to reproductive condition is less clear, however, and these levels may reflect both endocrine and environmental influences on thyroid function. PMID- 6510695 TI - The involvement of melanotrophins in physiological colour change in the dogfish Scyliorhinus canicula. AB - Desacetylated alpha-, beta-, and gamma-MSH purified from the neurointermediate lobe of the pituitary gland of the dogfish Squalus acanthias were all equipotent in turning partially hypophysectomized dogfish, Scyliorhinus canicula, dark. However, each possessed less than 2% of the melanotrophic activity of either acetylated mammalian alpha-MSH or synthetic acetylated Squ. acanthias alpha-MSH. These results suggest that acetylation is much more important than amidation in determining melanotrophic potency in vivo in the dogfish. Intravenous administration into grey-adapted dogfish of an antibody capable of binding the alpha-MSH-like peptides present in the blood was very effective at inducing pallor. In contrast, a gamma-MSH antibody had no effect on the melanophores of Scy. canicula. Overall the results suggest that it is alpha-melanotrophins that regulate physiological colour change in the dogfish Scy. canicula. PMID- 6510694 TI - Endocrine changes during natural spawning in the white sucker, Catostomus commersoni. II. Steroid hormones. AB - Blood samples were taken from white suckers (Catostomus commersoni) during their annual spring spawning migration and analyzed by radioimmunoassay for gonadotropin (GtH), estradiol-17 beta (E2), testosterone (T), 11-ketotestosterone (11-KT), 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone (17-P), 17 alpha-hydroxy-20 beta dihydroprogesterone (17, 20-P), androstenedione (A), and cortisol. GtH, 17-P, and 17,20-P levels were low in prespawning fish of both sexes, rose to their highest levels in ovulated females and spawning males, and then fell to low levels in spent fish. In females, E2, T, and A levels were high in prespawning fish and declined significantly at ovulation, dropping to lowest levels in spent fish. In males, 11-KT, T, and A levels were highest in prespawning fish, and lowest in spent fish. Cortisol levels were highest in spermiating males and ovulated females. Plasma profiles of the sex steroids in the white sucker are very similar to those observed in the rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri). PMID- 6510696 TI - Temperature regulation of ovarian steroid production in the common carp, Cyprinus carpio L., in vivo and in vitro. AB - The effect of temperature on ovarian steroid production in the common carp, Cyprinus carpio L., has been studied in vitro with exogenous and endogenous precursors, and in fish held at three different temperatures in vivo. With radioactive testosterone as substrate, the major metabolite was testosterone glucuronide, but androstenedione and 5 alpha-androstane-3 beta,17 beta-diol were also identified. 5 alpha-Androstane-3 beta,7 alpha,17 beta-triol was tentatively identified and two other polar metabolites were isolated, one of which was convertible to this triol. A significant increase in production of most metabolites occurred between 20 and 24 degrees. Production of estradiol and testosterone from endogenous substrate under gonadotrophin stimulation in vitro showed a marked temperature dependence, but the response was closely related to ovarian maturity. Stage 4-5 ovaries produced testosterone, while late Stage 3 tissue produced only estradiol. Neither steroid was produced in significant quantities by less mature ovaries. The results indicate that the "switch off" of ovarian aromatase activity at the end of vitellogenesis is actuated by an ovarian rather than by a pituitary factor. Secretion of testosterone and estradiol showed a very significant change with temperature with the optimum at 24-29 degrees. Profiles for individual fish show that this optimal range is extremely narrow, particularly for estradiol, where secretion may increase as much as twentyfold over 5 degrees. The results in general correlate well with 24 degrees as the most favourable temperature for reproduction in carp. Plasma concentrations of testosterone and estradiol closely paralleled the in vitro secretion rates of these hormones. Plasma testosterone levels were greatest in the most mature fish, whereas plasma estradiol was significantly higher in late Stage 3 fish than in those of greater or lesser ovarian maturity. More Stage 4 and 5 fish were found in the group held at 24 degrees than at 20 or 29 degrees for 4 weeks, but all groups contained a high proportion of early Stage 3 fish. PMID- 6510697 TI - Hormonal correlates of polyandry in the spotted sandpiper, Actitis macularia. AB - Plasma samples from naturally breeding populations of spotted sandpipers, Actitis macularia, were analyzed by radioimmunoassay for circulating levels of immunoreactive luteinizing hormone (irLH), and four steroid hormones. Plasma levels of irLH, corticosterone (C), and estradiol-17 beta (E) did not differ between males and females. Males had curiously high levels of E (0.64 pg/ml in nonnesting males; 0.35 pg/ml in nesting males) which are similar to those of nonlaying females (0.23 pg/ml). Testosterone (T) and dihydrotestosterone (DHT) were higher in nonnesting males (0.95 ng/ml for T; 0.20 ng/ml for DHT) than in females (0.18 ng/ml for T; 0.12 ng/ml for DHT) or nesting males (0.17 ng/ml for T; 0.09 ng/ml for DHT). These data do not support earlier suggestions that in polyandrous mating systems, females have higher circulating levels of androgens than males. PMID- 6510698 TI - Environmental and endocrine control of reproduction in the song sparrow, Melospiza melodia. I. Temporal organization of the breeding cycle. AB - Endocrinologic investigations of free-living populations of song sparrows, Melospiza melodia, have revealed temporal patterns of secretion of reproductive hormones that differ from those of other monogamous avian species. Males arrive in the breeding area in March whereas females arrive 1-2 weeks later. In males the periods of territory establishment and attraction of a mate are characterized by high circulating levels of luteinizing hormone (LH) and testosterone (T), whereas testis mass is low, and growth of the cloacal protuberance (CPL) is just beginning. In April, testes and CPL develop rapidly reaching a peak in early May when females are laying eggs, and when most copulations occur. Plasma LH and T decline in early April, but increase for a second time in late April and early May coincident with the egg-laying period. Thereafter, circulating LH and T decline during the parental phase, but not to basal levels. Although there is an increase in LH during the egg-laying period for the second clutch, there is no change in T levels. Testis mass, CPL, plasma LH, and T all decline to basal levels simultaneously in late July and August. The high levels of LH and T in March, followed by a temporary decline and resurgence in April and May, indicate that environmental factors in addition to the well known effects of increasing day length can regulate secretion of these hormones. In females, plasma levels of T and dihydrotestosterone (DHT) are also elevated in March and early April, and decline to low levels as the nesting phase progresses. A further decline, to basal levels, occurs in August during the molt. LH and estradiol (E2) titers in females show two peaks coincident with the egg-laying periods for each clutch. Plasma levels of corticosterone (B) increase during the breeding season in males, but not females. In both sexes B levels are basal during the moult and increase in October after moult is completed. Body mass and fat depot decline in males as the nesting phase progresses, and then increase dramatically after breeding is terminated. As expected, females show two peaks of body mass and fat depot coincident with the two periods of egg laying. The postbreeding increases in body mass and fat depot are much less pronounced in females than in males. PMID- 6510699 TI - Effects of early tamoxifen treatment on hormonal content of 15-day quail embryo gonads. AB - An early treatment of quail eggs with an antiestrogen (Tamoxifen = TAM) modifies the female gonads morphologically. In the left ovary, the proliferation of the germinal epithelium and formation of a cortex is markedly inhibited, while the medulla on both sides becomes more developed and keeps a cordal organization. The effects of TAM on the hormonal potentialities of 15-day embryo gonads have been investigated by radioimmunoassay. The data have been compared with those of normal gonads. The results indicate that the TAM treatment does not mainly modify the hormonal levels and patterns in the gonads of both sexes and does not inhibit the function of the hypothalamo-hypophyseal-gonadal axis. The reduced cortical development is thus not linked to an estrogen decrease but to competitive effects on receptors at the level of this tissue. PMID- 6510700 TI - Multiple limb autotomy can trigger either ovarian growth or somatic growth in the freshwater crab, Paratelphusa hydrodromous (Herbst). AB - In female Paratelphusa, there appear to be two alternating dominant physiological tendencies, one biased in favor of reproductive (ovarian) growth and another biased in favor of somatic (regenerative) growth. Multiple limb autotomy (MA), long known to stimulate somatic growth, did so only if the crab was physiologically in the somatic phase. Vitellogenesis was accelerated if the crab was in the reproductive phase at the time of MA. Males and females were found to pass through roughly comparable physiological phases during different seasons of the year. It is not known whether MA has a spermatogenesis-accelerating effect in males, but its effect on somatic growth was dominant while the male was in the somatic phase. PMID- 6510701 TI - Normal and experimentally induced changes in hormonal hemolymph titers during parental behavior of the earwig Labidura riparia. AB - The reproductive cycle of Labidura riparia includes two distinct phases of behavior: a feeding and sexual phase followed by a parental and fasting phase. These phases correspond to two contrasting physiological phases (vitellogenesis, followed by ovarian inactivity). These correlations have been verified by correlating radioimmunoassay (RIA) measurements of the levels of circulating juvenile hormones (JH) and ecdysteroids with ovarian state during the first reproductive cycle. Similar studies were also made after experimentally suppressing parental activity (care of eggs) either by depriving females of their eggs or by force-feeding during the egg-care phase. Taking eggs away without feeding caused the disappearance of parental behavior and a short lived period of vitellogenesis. Likewise, feeding in the presence of eggs resulted in vitellogenesis and disappearance of egg-care behavior. Thus, it appears that in order for the parental phase to develop normally it is necessary to preserve the proper external conditions (the presence of eggs) and physiological conditions (fasting). PMID- 6510702 TI - On the theory of membrane fusion. The stalk mechanism. AB - Based on literary data, conditions necessary for membrane fusion are discussed. It is proposed that fusion mechanisms should be classified according to the primary act involving a change in the membrane structure. Two principal fusion mechanisms are identified: the stalk mechanism, starting with the appearance of a stalk between approaching membranes, and the adhesion mechanism which involves bilayer reorganization as a result of a tight junction of the membranes. The origin and evolution of the monolayer and bilayer stalks between membranes are analysed. Using the expression for the elastic energy of the stalk it was possible to find the value of the spontaneous curvature of its membrane, Ks, at which the existence of a stalk is in principle possible. It is shown that, within the framework of the stalk mechanism, there exists a possibility of either the formation of a stalk of a finite radius, or complete fusion. The Ks values have been determined at which one of the variants occur. The energy barrier of the hydrophobic interaction and the elastic energy barrier, which have to be overcome by the membranes to form the stalk are analysed. The theoretical analysis of the stalk formation mechanism is supported by experimental data. It has been shown by freeze-fracture electron microscopy that the addition of Ca+2, Mg+2, Mn+2 or Cd+2 to suspensions of egg phosphatidylcholine and cardiolipin (1:1 or 3:1) leads to the formation of numerous intramembrane particles (imp's) and crater-like (stalk) structures. PMID- 6510703 TI - On the theory of membrane fusion. The adhesion-condensation mechanism. AB - The primary act of the adhesion-condensation mechanism underlying membrane fusion is considered. This act involves the formation of a close dehydrated contact between membranes and the subsequent crystallization of molecules of the external monolayers in the contact region. Crystallization associated with a decrease in the area per molecule gives rise to elastic stresses which cause a disruption of the external monolayer of the membrane in the contact region. This disruption results in the formation of a trilaminar structure (a monolayer fusion occurs). It has been shown that for the formation of a trilaminar structure between liposomes with a radius of 20 nm the contact area must be at least 22% of that external monolayer. Moreover, the membrane has to overcome an energy barriers; according to estimates for 20 nm liposomes, the maximum value of the barrier is approximately 20 kT. The height of the disruption barrier decreases with increasing area of the contact region. Estimates have been obtained for the minimum area of a "hole" in the contracting monolayers, which arises from their disruption for 20 nm liposomes, this area is approximately 2 X 10(2) nm2. The developed theory explains the data obtained by the Papahadjopoulos group in their experiments on the fusion of phosphatidylserine liposomes (Portis et al. 1979; Wilshut et al. 1980; Duzgunes et al. 1981); in addition, it enables the description of the mechanism underlying the disruption of a liposome as a result of expansion of its membrane. The process of disruption was studied by Kwok and Evans (1981). PMID- 6510704 TI - Sodium withdrawal contractures in rat slow twitch skeletal muscle. AB - Contractile responses due to alterations in [Na+]o have been investigated in fast (iliacus) and slow (soleus) twitch muscles of the rat. On exposure to a Na-free solution, the soleus in contrast to the iliacus cells, generated contractile responses without depolarizing the surface membrane. Following glycerol treatment, the twitch and a part of the Na-withdrawal contracture were abolished. The amplitude of the remaining contracture was between 5 and 50% of the original response and the time to peak was 0.4 to 2 times longer. In intact and detubulated preparations, the amplitude of the zero-Na contracture was modified by changes in [Ca2+]o and a linear relationship was found if the reciprocal of tension was plotted against 1/square root[Ca2+]o. In intact and detubulated fibres, a steep dependence of the Na-withdrawal contracture on [Na+]o was found and [Na+]o which induced the half maximal response at each [Ca2+]o was the same, the responses were inhibited by Mg-ions in a competitive way. It is assumed that the activator Ca is triggered at the tubular and sarcolemmal membrane level by lowering [Na+]o and that a calcium-induced calcium release mechanism at the S.R. level may also be involved. PMID- 6510705 TI - Characterization of a recombinant mouse T haplotype that expresses a dominant lethal maternal effect. AB - The twLub2 chromosome was generated by rare recombination between a complete t haplotype and a wild-type form of mouse chromosome 17. This recombinant chromosome expresses a dominant lethal effect in all embryos that inherit the mutant chromosome from their mothers. The phenotype of this maternal effect is indistinguishable from that expressed by the previously described Thp deletion chromosome. It appears likely that the crossing over event that gave rise to twLub2 was unequal and resulted in the alteration or deletion of a gene (which is named the T-associated maternal effect locus, Tme) that must be inherited from the mother in order for normal development to proceed through late stages of gestation. The results presented here allow a mapping of the Tme locus between the quaking and tufted loci which are 3 cM apart within the proximal region of chromosome 17. PMID- 6510706 TI - The selective value of alleles underlying polygenic traits. AB - To define the genetic and ecological circumstances that are conducive to evolution via genetic drift at the allelic level, the selection coefficient for a constituent allele of arbitrary effect is derived for a polygenic character exposed to stabilizing selection. Under virtually all possible conditions, alleles within the class for which the absolute value of the average effect is less than 10(-2) phenotypic standard deviations are neutral with respect to each other. In addition, when the mean phenotype is at the optimum and the genetic variance is in selection-drift-mutation equilibrium, a considerable amount of neutral evolution is expected in the class of alleles with intermediate effects on the phenotype. These results help clarify how molecular evolution via genetic drift may occur at a locus despite intense selection and provide a potential mechanistic explanation for the neutral theory of molecular evolution. PMID- 6510707 TI - Recombination and assortment in the macronucleus of Tetrahymena thermophila: a theoretical study by computer simulation. AB - The compound nature of the macronucleus of Tetrahymena thermophila presents multiple opportunities for recombination between genes on the same macronuclear chromosome. Such recombinants should be detectable through their assortment at subsequent amitotic macronuclear divisions. Thus, a macronucleus that is initially AB/ab should produce recombinant assortees of the genotypes Ab/aB. Computer simulation shows that, when the recombination frequency is two or fewer times per cell cycle, recombinant assortees are produced at experimentally measurable frequencies of less than 40%. At higher recombination frequencies, linked genes appear to assort independently. The simulations also show that recombination during macronuclear development can be distinguished from recombination in subsequent cell cycles only if the first appearance of recombinant assortees is 100 or more fissions after conjugation. The use of macronuclear recombination and assortment as a means of mapping macronuclear genes is severely constrained by the large variances in assortment outcomes; with experimentally small sample sizes, such mapping is impossible. PMID- 6510708 TI - Isolation and genetic analysis of Caulobacter mutants defective in cell shape and membrane lipid synthesis. AB - In this paper we report the isolation, characterization and genetic analysis of several C. crescentus mutants altered in membrane lipid synthesis. One of these, a fatty acid bradytroph, AE6002, was shown to be due to a mutation in the fatA gene. In addition to the presence of the fatA506 mutation, this strain was found to contain two other mutations, one of which caused the production of a water soluble brown-orange pigment (pigA) and another which caused formation of helical cells (hclA). Expression of the latter two phenotypes required complex media and both were repressed by glucose. However, the lesions were mapped to loci that are separated by a substantial distance. The hclA and the fatA genes mapped close together, possibly implying that comutation had occurred in AE6002. Data are presented that allow the unambiguous identification of a second Fat gene (fatB) in C. crescentus. The map position of another mutation in membrane lipid biogenesis, the glycerol-3-PO4 auxotroph gpsA505, was also determined. During this study the flaZ gene was fine-mapped and the positions of proC and rif changed from the previously reported location. PMID- 6510709 TI - Traits that influence longevity in mice. AB - Analysis of genetic interactions in the segregating backcross [(C57BL/6 X DBA/2)F1 X DBA/2] mice revealed influences of genetic and environmental factors on life span. Using determinants of coat color (brown locus of chromosome 4 and dilute locus of chromosome 9), serologically determined H-2 antigens (chromosome 17) and sex as genetic markers, we studied the effects of these genes on longevity. The results suggested that genes in the brown locus (b) segment of chromosome 4, genes in a segment of the sex chromosomes and, to a more limited extent, genes in the segment of chromosome 17 which contains the H-2 haplotype all influenced longevity. The coat color (b locus) segment of chromosome 4 was associated with life span predominantly in females, whereas the chromosome 17 (H 2 haplotype) segment was associated with longer life primarily in males. The dilute locus d segment on chromosome 9 did not affect life span. Longevity appears to be influenced by interactions between genes in the chromosomal segment carrying H-2, those in the b segment, gender and the month of birth. Greater heterozygosity at the loci studied was associated with longer life span. Histopathological findings on mice that died at or after 28 months of age were comparable for all genetic combinations except that there was an increased frequency of lymphoma in females and an increased frequency of amyloidosis in males. Our analysis emphasizes the need for comprehensive studies of aging and longevity that would simultaneously determine the effects of several genetic regions and their interactions with the environment with respect to possible causes of death. PMID- 6510710 TI - The genetics of tasting in mice. III. Quinine. PMID- 6510711 TI - A presumed deletion covering the W and Ph loci of the mouse. PMID- 6510712 TI - A new allele of the Gpi-1t temporal gene that regulates the expression of glucose phosphate isomerase in mouse oocytes. PMID- 6510713 TI - Characterization of dominant cataract mutations in mice: penetrance, fertility and homozygous viability of mutations recovered after 250 mg/kg ethylnitrosourea paternal treatment. PMID- 6510714 TI - Deleterious mutations as an evolutionary factor. 1. The advantage of recombination. PMID- 6510715 TI - Chromosomal anomalies that cause male sterility in the mouse also reduce ovary size. PMID- 6510716 TI - Postmeiotic segregation as a source of mosaics in diploid organisms. PMID- 6510717 TI - Complete nucleotide sequence of hepatitis B virus DNA of subtype adr and its conserved gene organization. AB - The complete nucleotide sequence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA from Dane particles of subtype adr was determined. The 3215-bp sequence showed the presence of genes for the surface antigen (226 amino acids) and core antigen (183 amino acids), in addition to two (long and small) open reading frames (ORFs) capable of coding the 843 and 154 amino acids. These ORFs differed from those of the other adr clones so far reported [Ono et al., Nucl. Acids Res. 11 (1983) 1747-1757; Fujiyama et al., Nucl. Acids Res. 11 (1983) 4601-4610]. The gene organization of HBV DNA was found to be well conserved irrespective of subtype. The direct repeat of the undecanucleotide sequence near the 5' ends of the short (S) and long (L) strands of HBV DNA and the two small direct repeats between both 5' ends were found to be characteristic structures. PMID- 6510718 TI - Cloning of the natural gene for the sweet-tasting plant protein thaumatin. AB - Five different clones, homologous to the structural gene for the sweet-tasting plant protein thaumatin, have been isolated from leaf DNA of Thaumatococcus daniellii Benth. Restriction maps, hybridization studies, S1-nuclease mapping and R-loop formation revealed that the thaumatin genes isolated belong to one multigene family, and have two very small introns situated at different positions in the various structural genes. A similar situation prevails in a number of seed storage genes. This suggests a similarity between the sweet-tasting protein thaumatin and seed storage proteins. PMID- 6510719 TI - Topical ocular hypotensive activity and ocular penetration of dichlorphenamide sodium in rabbits. AB - A single topical instillation (50 microliter) of the water soluble sodium salt of dichlorphenamide (10%) produced a pronounced and prolonged lowering of intraocular pressure (IOP), compared to suspensions of its free acid, in rabbits with alpha-chymotrypsin-induced ocular hypertension. In normal rabbits, instillation of dichlorphenamide sodium also produced a markedly elevated drug aqueous humor level relative to instillation of its free acid, indicating enhanced penetration into the eye. The IOP response after ocular instillation of dichlorphenamide sodium was equivalent to that produced by oral administration of 6 or 18 mg/kg dichlorphenamide sodium. Serum drug levels were lower and aqueous humor and iris-ciliary body levels were higher after instillation of dichlorphenamide sodium (10%) than after oral administration of 2 or 6 mg/kg. The data indicate that topically instilled dichlorphenamide sodium is capable of lowering IOP by a local action in the eye and provides a rationale for the potential utility of topical carbonic anhydrase inhibitors as a therapy for glaucoma in man. PMID- 6510720 TI - Long-term follow-up examination of experimental cataracts in rats by Scheimpflug photography and densitometry. AB - Development of experimental cataract can be objectively monitored in rats by application of Scheimpflug photography with the SL 45 Topcon camera and subsequent densitometric image analysis. The method has been used to study naphthalene cataract in Brown-Norway rats (BN-CPB), as well as diabetic cataract induced by streptozotocin injection in Sprague-Dawley rats. The values obtained by linear microdensitometric image analysis allowed precise characterization of the opacification with respect to size, topography, and time progress so that statistical evaluation of the efficacy of certain drugs in prevention or delay of experimental cataracts was possible. PMID- 6510721 TI - Influence of edge sharpness on the accommodation of the human eye. AB - Using a subjective method of laser refractometry, the accommodation behavior of six subjects toward real targets with various degrees of blur, dependent on the viewing distance, were investigated monocularly and binocularly. Despite the sharpness of the target, the nominal value is only reached incompletely with a lag of accommodation, because accommodation tends to be as minimal as possible. Increasing blurring leads to a drift of accommodation towards the resting position of accommodation. The resulting underaccommodation causes further physiological blurring of the retinal image of the targets. The approach of the targets to the resting position of accommodation leads to a higher precision of adjustment and less drift. Subjective components (accommodative laziness, cognitive demand) influence the accommodation and increase the phenomenons discovered. PMID- 6510722 TI - Pattern electroretinogram and visually evoked cortical potentials in glaucoma. AB - Electroretinograms (P-ERG) and cortical potentials (P-VECP) evoked by checkerboard patterns were examined in patients with defects of the ganglion cell and nerve fiber layers due to glaucoma. Only a few patients exhibited a prolonged latency in the P-VECP, whereas in the P-ERG all patients with papillary and visual field defects revealed a significantly attenuated amplitude. Since there is a substantial fluctuation in the assessment of papillary excavation and visual field, the P-ERG offers a further means of evaluating and follow-up of retinal function in glaucoma patients. PMID- 6510724 TI - Quantitative studies in stereochronoscopy (Sc): application to the disc in glaucoma. I. Phenomenology. AB - In some details our standard procedure of stereochronoscopic disc picture-taking has been improved. For clinical use (demonstration of a change in the disc surface) a semi-quantitative evaluation with a stereoscope is generally sufficient. For a more accurate and quantitative analysis a flicker comparator is used. A graphical or numerical display of the results allows the follow-up of changes at a given location on the disc over any time interval, e.g. several years in glaucoma simplex, if pictures are taken every 2-4 months. Characteristic curve courses result, of which we describe (1) to and fro movement of the position of a given object on the disc, "papillary unrest" (2) progression of parallax, and (3) "events". The difficulty of judging the efficacy of a therapy is made evident. Here stereochronoscopy should prove to be useful when employed in the form of control charts. PMID- 6510723 TI - The pattern evoked electroretinogram associated with elevated intraocular pressure. AB - Electroretinographic responses to pattern-reversal stimuli (P-ERG) were recorded in eight patients with protracted elevation of intraocular pressure. Pressures of bigger than 30 mm Hg result in marked amplitude reductions in the P-ERG. The observed changes probably reflect the impaired function of retinal ganglion cells caused by decreased oxygen supply. PMID- 6510725 TI - Chemical studies of intraocular lenses after experimental generation of lesions by a short-pulsed Nd-YAG laser. AB - It is theoretically possible that lesions generated by a Q-switched Nd-YAG laser could lead to chemical changes in polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) intraocular lenses. These changes could be of clinical relevance. Therefore, we measured the residual monomer content of intraocular lenses before and after generation of lesions by means of a short-pulsed Nd-YAG laser. Despite the explosive destruction of the lens surface caused by this type of laser, there is no measurable release of monomer in the sense of a depolymerization of the PMMA material, even when over 100 lesions are generated. The lesions generated on intraocular PMMA lenses with the Nd-YAG laser are predominantly of a mechanical nature and include the chipping away of small particles from the intraocular lens. PMID- 6510726 TI - Solitary intraretinal macular hemorrhage. AB - Thirty patients presented with a solitary intraretinal macular hemorrhage (SIMH) without clinical evidence of associated retinal or choroidal vascular disease. The hemorrhages originated from the perifoveal capillary network and often extended into the central fovea. They were solitary in all cases, usually small and situated beneath the internal limiting membrane. Fluorescein angiograms showed no abnormalities except for blockage of normal fluorescence of retinal and choroidal vessels underlying the hemorrhage. Resolution of the hemorrhage mostly occurred within 1-2 months, with complete recovery of visual acuity. Possible pathogenetic mechanisms such as clotting disorders or Valsalva maneuvers could be found in only a few cases, while in the majority of cases SIMH seemed to be idiopathic. PMID- 6510727 TI - [Tubal ligation by a vaginal approach]. PMID- 6510728 TI - [Morbidity in abdominal hysterectomy. Report of 500 cases]. PMID- 6510729 TI - [Gestation posterior to choriocarcinoma]. PMID- 6510730 TI - [Chlamydia trachomatis cervicitis]. PMID- 6510731 TI - [Combined hormonal oral contraceptive. Comparative study of 4 schemes]. PMID- 6510732 TI - [Epilepsy, anticonvulsants and pregnancy]. PMID- 6510733 TI - [Treatment of pregnant epileptics with carbamazepine. Preliminary report]. PMID- 6510734 TI - [Evaluation of the tubal factor in sterility. Comparative study of 3 methods]. PMID- 6510735 TI - [Characteristics of the frequency spectrum of the fetal electrocardiogram]. PMID- 6510736 TI - [Treatment of deficient luteal phase with a new schema of clomiphene citrate]. PMID- 6510737 TI - [Materno-fetal morbidity-mortality with the forceps. Salinas model II]. PMID- 6510738 TI - [Gestational tetanus. Report of a clinical case]. PMID- 6510739 TI - [Selected elements of exertion physiology as an introduction to physiopathology in obstetrics. I. The basis of human physical efficiency and oxygen supply during physical exertion]. PMID- 6510740 TI - [Energy expenditure of parturients during physiological labor]. PMID- 6510741 TI - [Diagnostic accuracy of colposcopy with guided biopsy in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and early cervical cancer]. PMID- 6510742 TI - [Treatment of malignant ovarian neoplasms derived from germinal cords and germinal epithelium at the Lodz Oncological Center 1970-1974]. PMID- 6510743 TI - [Difficulties in the interpretation of the results of serological tests in the diagnosis of chronic toxoplasmosis in pregnant women]. PMID- 6510744 TI - [Ambulatory endometrial biopsy as a method of detection of high-risk conditions and cancer of the uterus]. PMID- 6510745 TI - [Bacteriological evaluation of hospital obstetrics and gynecology departments in comparison with other hospital departments]. PMID- 6510746 TI - [Antibiotic therapy after gynecological operations]. PMID- 6510747 TI - [Hormonal function of adrenal glands in women with idiopathic hirsutism]. PMID- 6510748 TI - [Methods of myocardial protection during open-heart surgery in children]. PMID- 6510749 TI - [Effectiveness of open valvulotomy in congenital aortic valve stenosis in the light of long-term follow-up]. PMID- 6510750 TI - [Low-profile xenopericardial heart valve bioprosthesis]. PMID- 6510751 TI - [Use of low-frequency ultrasonics in surgery of the lungs and pleura in children]. PMID- 6510752 TI - [Operative thoracoscopy]. PMID- 6510753 TI - [Organ-sparing surgical treatment of large and multiple lung abscesses]. PMID- 6510754 TI - [Prevention of residual cavities in the formation of a "small" lung after partial resections]. PMID- 6510755 TI - [Formation of a "small" lung in the surgical treatment of miliary tuberculosis]. PMID- 6510756 TI - [Radical surgical correction of Ebstein's anomaly; experience with 54 tricuspid valve prostheses]. PMID- 6510757 TI - [Late results of lung resection in adult patients with bronchiectasis]. PMID- 6510758 TI - [Use of liquid-gas chromatography in the diagnosis of anaerobic infections in patients with acute suppuration of the lungs and pleura]. PMID- 6510759 TI - [Anaerobic non-sporogenic infection in patients with lung abscesses]. PMID- 6510760 TI - [Modification of esophago-gastric anastomosis in experimental resection of the proximal segment of the stomach]. PMID- 6510761 TI - [A new method of revascularization of a free segment of the intestine used for plastic surgery of the esophagus and pharynx]. PMID- 6510762 TI - [Plastic surgery of the pulmonary artery with autopericardium after thrombintimectomy]. PMID- 6510763 TI - [Acute pancreonecrosis in a child as a postoperative complication of radical correction of pentalogy of Fallot]. PMID- 6510764 TI - [Lobectomy with circular resection of the right main bronchus 2 years after left side lobectomy]. PMID- 6510765 TI - [Clinico-roentgenological diagnosis of spherical atelectasis]. PMID- 6510766 TI - Prognostic factors in acute pancreatitis. AB - Prognostic factor scoring systems provide one method of predicting severity of acute pancreatitis. This paper reports the prospective assessment of a system using nine factors available within 48 hours of admission. This assessment does not include patient data used to compile the system. Of 405 episodes of acute pancreatitis occurring in a seven year period, 72% had severity correctly predicted by the system; 31% of 131 episodes with three or more factors present were severe and 8% of 274 episodes with less than three factors were severe. Assessment of individual factors revealed only one which did not predict severity. A scoring system based on the other eight factors correctly predicted severity in 79% of episodes. Prognostic factor scoring systems (i) alert the clinician to potentially severe disease, (ii) allow comparison of severity within and between patient series and (iii) will allow rational selection of patients for trials of new treatment. PMID- 6510767 TI - Different patterns of intestinal transit time and anorectal motility in painful and painless chronic constipation. AB - Anorectal motility and gastrointestinal transit time were studied in 25 patients complaining of non-organic constipation. Colonic pain was reported by 14 patients, it was absent in the remaining 11. The group with painful constipation was composed of four men and 10 women and age onset of the symptom was 22.1 +/- 5.1 years. The other group was composed only of women and painless constipation was reported to have begun at 7.9 +/- 2.2 years previously. In the group presenting painful constipation higher values of the anal maximum resting pressure, of the amplitude of the rectoanal inhibitory reflex, lower values of sensation threshold, need to evacuate, maximum tolerable volume were recorded, in comparison with those registered in the painless constipation group. All these differences were significant. In the latter group the total transit time was always very slow (186.0 +/- 4.7 h), while it was quite variable in the other group, so that the mean was in the normal range (79.0 +/- 10.0 h). The data show that two different patterns of motor abnormalities can be recognised in constipated patients. The presence of colonic pain can suggest the characteristics of the underlying motor abnormality. PMID- 6510768 TI - Ultrastructure of mouse intestinal mucosa and changes observed after long term anthraquinone administration. AB - In an attempt to study the relative toxicity of anthraquinonic laxatives on intestinal mucosa, we compared in mice the effects of fruit pulp containing sennosides A and B with those of a free anthraquinone, 1-8 dihydroxyanthraquinone. Observations have been made with transmission electron microscopy (EM) after 16 weeks of treatment with the two drugs. Although the doses used in this study were equipotent in terms of laxative activity, no damage to the intestinal tissue was observed with the sennosides. A number of changes, however, were detected in intestinal nervous tissues of all the animals treated with 1-8 dihydroxyanthraquinone, mainly in the form of vacuolisation of the axons, formation of lysosomal structures and in some cases appearances of fibrillar degeneration. PMID- 6510769 TI - Abnormal goblet cell glycoconjugates in rectal biopsies associated with an increased risk of neoplasia in patients with ulcerative colitis: early results of a prospective study. AB - A group of 18 patients with stable ulcerative colitis involving the entire colon for at least eight years was subjected to a biopsy of normal appearing rectal mucosa and followed prospectively over four years for the development of either dysplasia or cancer. Goblet cell glycoconjugate structure was examined in the rectal biopsies using fluorescein conjugated lectins. At the beginning of the study, 13 of the 18 patients had abnormalities of goblet cell mucin or cytoplasmic glycoconjugates in the rectal biopsies. Dysplasia subsequently developed in six and carcinoma in one of these patients. Among the five patients with normal lectin binding studies in the initial rectal biopsies, colonic dysplasia has subsequently developed in one. The abnormalities seen in the rectal goblet cells resembled in part those previously seen in immature and neoplastic colonic cells. The dysplastic tissues all contained the form of mucin which has been found in other neoplastic colonic tissues. This preliminary report after four years of prospective study suggests that abnormalities of glycoconjugate structure may be associated with, and may precede, neoplastic events in the setting of chronic ulcerative colitis. PMID- 6510770 TI - Inhibitory effect of unconjugated bile acids on the intestinal transport of 5 methyltetrahydrofolate in rat jejunum in vitro. AB - The effect of the unconjugated bile acids, cholic, deoxycholic, chenodeoxycholic, and ursodeoxycholic acids, and of the conjugated bile acid taurocholic acid on the mucosal-to-serosal transport and tissue uptake of the naturally occurring folate derivative, 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (5-CH3H4PteGlu) was examined in everted sacs of rat jejunum. Each of the unconjugated bile acids examined inhibited the transport and tissue uptake of 5-CH3H4PteGlu in a concentration dependent manner. At low concentrations (0.01-0.1 mM) of cholic and deoxycholic acids, no structural or functional damage to the intestinal mucosa occurred and the transport of 5-CH3H4PteGlu was inhibited competitively with Ki values of 0.114 mM and 0.055 mM for cholic and deoxycholic acids, respectively. The greater inhibition of 5-CH3H4PteGlu transport by unconjugated bile acids at 1 mM can be attributed to observed structural and functional damage to the intestinal mucosa. The addition of 2 mM lecithin to the mucosal medium failed to prevent the inhibitory effect of 0.1 mM deoxycholic acid on the transport of 0.5 microM 5 CH3H4PteGlu. Compared with the effect of unconjugated bile acids, the conjugated bile acid taurocholic acid (0.01-5 mM) showed no effect on the transport and tissue uptake of 5-CH3H4PteGlu. The results of this study show that intestinal transport and tissue uptake of 5-CH3H4PteGlu are inhibited by unconjugated bile acids in a dose-dependent fashion. The clinical and physiological implications of these observations are discussed. PMID- 6510771 TI - Recurrent jaundice caused by recurrent hyperemesis gravidarum. AB - The existence of jaundice induced by hyperemesis gravidarum is controversial. We report the case of a woman who suffered from three episodes of jaundice during the first trimester of three consecutive pregnancies, a few days after the onset of hyperemesis gravidarum. Jaundice was caused by conjugated hyperbilirubinaemia. Serum alanine aminotransferase activity was increased and scarce necrotic hepatocytes were shown on light and electron microscopic examinations. Cessation of vomiting was rapidly followed by complete recovery. This observation supports the view that severe vomiting can cause jaundice in pregnant women. PMID- 6510772 TI - Which electrode? A comparison of four endoscopic methods of electrocoagulation in experimental bleeding ulcers. AB - Several inexpensive endoscopic methods of electrocoagulation have been advocated for treatment of gastrointestinal haemorrhage. We compared four types of electrode: dry monopolar - Cameron Miller (M), liquid monopolar - Storz (L), bipolar - Bicap ACMI (B), and heater probe - Seattle (H). The electrical and thermal properties of these probes were studied using computerised monitoring of energy deposition and their efficacy and safety was tested in a randomised study in 140 experimental canine gastric ulcers. At optimal pulse settings 20J (M), 70J (L), 17J (B), 15J (H), effective haemostasis was achieved in all ulcers, the mean number of pulses being M5, L6, H6 and B11, the first three requiring significantly (p less than 0.01) less pulse than B. Relative safety of the electrodes was assessed by comparing the incidence of full thickness damage at histology: B24%, H20%, L58% and M69%; B and H proving significantly (p less than 0.01) safer than L and M. Sticking was assessed as H greater than B greater than M much greater than L. Insensitivity to extreme angulation and force of application was assessed as L greater than B greater than M (H is preset). Of the two safer electrodes the heater probe was more effective than the bipolar probe. Despite its greater tendency to stick than the other devices, the heater probe appeared the most promising of the endoscopic electrodes tested. PMID- 6510773 TI - Endoscopic treatment of bile duct stones: (apples and oranges)--and lychees? PMID- 6510774 TI - Oesophageal stricture after endoscopic sclerotherapy. PMID- 6510775 TI - A comparison of plasma cholesterol, triglycerides and high density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in women using contraceptive pills and a control group. AB - Plasma cholesterol, triglycerides and HDL cholesterol levels were compared in a group of 45 young, normotensive, nonobese and nondiabetic women who used modern combined minidose contraceptive pills, to a matched group of 39 women who did not use any hormonal preparations. Our results show an increase in triglyceride levels as well as significant increase in cholesterol level in the 'pill' users group. We failed to show a significant change in HDL cholesterol levels and HDL cholesterol to total cholesterol ratio between the two groups. Our results concerning triglyceride levels are in consent to previous studies in the medical literature, while the elevation in cholesterol levels has rarely been reported in contemporary papers about minidose pill users. It seems that the contradicting effect of estrogen and progesterone on plasma HDL levels neutralizes each other's effect on this lipoprotein fraction. The elevation in plasma triglycerides and cholesterol may have importance in the vascular abnormalities seen in such pill users. PMID- 6510776 TI - Evidence of immunosuppressor factor in the serum of women taking oral contraceptives. AB - The serum of women taking oral contraceptives is able to inhibit an in vitro cytotoxicity reaction at the cell level. This effect is nonspecific. It seems to be due to the presence of an inhibitor of the lymphocyte activity and acting at the membrane level. This factor looks like that described in expectant mothers except that it exhibits a lower activity. This difference makes it possible to consider that its emergence depends on a specific hormonal impregnation. PMID- 6510777 TI - Pubertal and menstrual disorders of female runners, skiers and volleyball players. AB - In order to evaluate the onset of puberty and the presence of menstrual disorders in Finnish sportswomen with different training programs, 53 long-distance runners, 39 skiers and their 93 controls, and 63 volleyball players with 64 controls were interviewed. All the sportswomen had trained intensively for several years and were in the top category of their sport in Finland. Menarche and thelarche in all the sportswomen and also pubarche in the volleyball players developed significantly later than in their controls. The runners and skiers (43%) suffered significantly more often from menstrual irregularities than their controls (27%), whereas volleyball players (19%) did not differ from their controls (13%) in this respect. Among runners and skiers, but not among volleyball players, premenarchal start of sports activity had an aggravating effect on these endocrine disorders. Dysmenorrhea was found to occur more seldom in sportswomen than in the control subjects, and physical exercise often alleviated menstrual distress. Because the runners and skiers trained as often and used as much time for their sport as the volleyball players, the more common occurrence of their menstrual disorders may be due to the nature of training and competition activity which is characterized by endurance physical exercise. PMID- 6510778 TI - Increased rate of glucose intolerance in endometrial cancer--a community-based study. AB - Glycosylated hemoglobin was compared in 22 unselected endometrial carcinoma cases 1-10 years (mean +/- SD = 3.3 +/- 2.8) after diagnosis and in 939 controls, a representative population sample in the same age range tested for oral glucose tolerance. Relative weight was similar in patients and controls. Glycosylated hemoglobin was significantly increased (p less than 0.01) in the cases. The distribution of glycosylated hemoglobin indicated that most if not all of the cases had at least impaired glucose tolerance. These results support a true association of glucose intolerance and endometrial carcinoma. PMID- 6510779 TI - Influence of insemination on the implantation of transferred rat blastocysts. AB - Embryo transfer probably produces a lower incidence of implantation than the physiological incidence despite all other factors seeming similar. The only factor known to be present physiologically and absent in embryo transfer is the presence of sperm in the uterine cavity. Implantation and decidualization are often considered a modified form of inflammatory reaction. Semen contains factors which excite an inflammatory response. This project attempted to determine whether insemination would affect the implantation rate of transferred blastocysts in the rat. The figures showed a significantly increased implantation rate after insemination at day 4 of pseudopregnancy as compared to controls. PMID- 6510780 TI - Placental alkaline phosphatase compared with human placental lactogen and oestriol in high-risk pregnancies. AB - Serum levels of placental alkaline phosphatase (PLAP), human placental lactogen (HPL) and oestriol (E3) were investigated in 33 women with high-risk pregnancies. In pregnancies complicated by intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) low PLAP values were constantly recorded. HPL values showed a similar pattern while E3 levels were between normal mean and the lower limit of -2 SD. A clear differentiation between IUGR and pre-eclampsia was achieved by the simultaneous determination of PLAP and HPL. It is suggested that PLAP determinations may be more informative than E3 to detect placental insufficiency. PMID- 6510781 TI - Maternal serum copper and zinc concentrations in normal and small-for-date pregnancies. AB - Serum concentrations of copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) were determined in 20 non pregnant healthy menstruating women and in 20 pregnant women during the 1st, 2nd and 3rd trimesters and 5 weeks postpartum as a longitudinal study. Also a cross sectional population of 106 women was studied. Further, Cu and Zn concentrations were measured in 13 pregnant women who gave birth to small-for-date (SFD) infants; this was done during the 3rd trimester of pregnancy. The serum Cu concentration in nonpregnant women was 0.91 +/- 0.19 mg/l. During pregnancy it was significantly higher (1.48 +/- 0.31, 1.91 +/- 0.25 and 2.20 +/- 0.36 mg/l during the 1st, 2nd and 3rd trimesters, respectively) and 5 weeks postpartum it was still higher (1.09 +/- 0.17 mg/l) than in the nonpregnant women. In the cross sectional population, serum Cu and Zn values were of the same magnitude as in the longitudinal study. When longitudinal and cross-sectional values of serum Cu during the 3rd trimester were combined, the mean level (2.23 +/- 0.40 mg/l) was significantly higher than that in the SFD group (2.06 +/- 0.25 mg/l). Serum Zn in the SFD group (0.48 +/- 0.12 mg/l) did not differ significantly from the normal pregnant values. PMID- 6510782 TI - Effects of nifedipine on human placental arteries. AB - Small chorionic plate arteries (outer diameter 600-700 micron) and umbilical arteries were obtained from human placentas following normal vaginal delivery. Tubal vascular preparations were dissected, mounted in organ baths, and isometric tension was recorded. None of the preparations developed spontaneous contractile activity. The course of potassium-induced contractions differed between chorionic and umbilical arteries. The chorionic arteries showed decreased response to 5 hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) as compared to the umbilical arteries, whereas the contractile response to prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha) was equal. In the chorionic arteries, nifedipine effectively inhibited potassium-induced contractions and, at concentrations of 10(-8)-10(-6) M, decreased responses to 5 HT and PGF2 alpha. Removal of extracellular calcium almost abolished the response to high potassium and reduced the response to both PGF2 alpha and 5-HT by 65%. Nifedipine (10(-8) M) significantly reduced, and nifedipine (10(-7) M) almost abolished, the contractile response induced by calcium after K+ (124 mM) depolarization, and in the presence of PGF2 alpha and 5-HT, nifedipine (10(-8) 10(-7) M) effectively depressed the responses to calcium. The results show decreased response to 5-HT with decreasing dimensions of the placental vessels, and suggest that small placental vessels utilize multiple sources of calcium for contractile responses. Nifedipine seems to interfere with some of these mechanisms and clinical use of the drug may imply a decreased fetal placental vascular resistance. PMID- 6510783 TI - [Epidermolysis bullosa hereditaria]. AB - Two cases of epidermolysis bullosa hereditaria are presented. Their operative treatment is described. Distant flaps are necessary to bring resistant skin to the mechanically stressed areas of the hand. Specific after-care is essential to preserve the operative result. PMID- 6510784 TI - [Sutureless reconstruction of the extensor tendon in mallet finger]. AB - Good functional results can be obtained with early conservative treatment of lacerations or ruptures of the terminal portions of the finger extensor tendons. If the injury is not treated or followed closely, the typical deformity can be seen after several months. If the appearance and the functional disturbance are severe, operative reconstruction is indicated. In these cases, the ruptured or avulsed tendon generally heals spontaneously in three months in a lengthened position. This observation has been the impetus to the investigation of a very simple operative procedure. Observations on the healing and shortening of tendon ends in loose approximation can be applied to acute tendon ruptures. For this reason, ruptures of the extensor tendons are treated by pinning the distal interphalangeal joint in slight hyperextension with a Kirschner wire. This operation has been performed on 80 patients with good functional and aesthetic results. PMID- 6510785 TI - [Stenosing tendovaginitis of the flexor carpi radialis tendon]. AB - Pain at the radial side of the wrist may be caused by stenosing tenosynovitis of the flexor carpi radialis tendon. Typical in these cases is a tenderness over the tendon at the wrist. Pain is most often produced by pronation and especially by palmar flexion against resistance. The condition is caused by narrowing of the canal of flexor carpi radialis tendon within the wrist by nonspecific synovitis. In some cases osteoarthritis of the joint between the scaphoid and trapezium can compress the tendon and cause its attrition. If the pain is not relieved by conservative methods it can usually be cured by operative decompression of the canal. PMID- 6510786 TI - [An unusual post-traumatic contracture of the hand--2 cases]. AB - Extreme flexor tendon contractures following blunt injury are seldom described. Unsatisfactory final results after such an injury in the hand and wrist regions in two young female patients with mental defect are described. All conservative methods of treatment were useless and extensive MP- and PIP-arthrodeses were necessary. PMID- 6510787 TI - [Dysmorphophobia as a contraindication for cosmetic operations]. AB - Dysmorphophobic patients are unreasonably concerned about their appearance and show an extreme lack of self-confidence and self-identity. In most cases dysmorphophobic symptoms indicate hidden communication problems. Schizophrenic psychosis is not uncommon in these patients. Dysmorphophobia contra-indicates surgical operation. PMID- 6510788 TI - [Tissue proliferation by thrombocyte growth factor]. AB - An essay for determining the growth stimulating activity of human platelets has been established. With the aid of this system a mitogenic factor from crude platelet extract was isolated. Besides a stimulation of DNA-synthesis an enhanced synthesis of collagen and glycosaminoglycans is induced by the platelet growth factor. PMID- 6510789 TI - [Variability of hand and foot arteries]. AB - In the hand the superficial palmar arch is variable and the communication between the radial and the ulnar artery is open in only 42% of cases. In 58% there is no connection, and in most cases the common digital palmar arteries arise from the ulnar artery. In 10% the median artery participates in the vascularization of the hand: 5% joining the superficial palmar arch, and the other 5% when the superficial arch is open continue into the first or second palmar digital arteries. The deep palmar arch is constantly found closed (only 3% are open). The dorsum of the hand is usually supplied by the radial and the posterior interosseous arteries. They are joined by a branch of the ulnar artery in about 38%. In the foot there is great variation in the extent of the areas supplied by the posterior and the anterior tibial artery. A deep plantar branch connects the dorsalis pedis artery with the plantar arch. In more than 50% the main blood supply of the plantar side of the toes is derived from the anterior tibial artery. The dorsal side of the toes II to V is often supplied by branches of the plantar arch which pass through the intermetatarsal spaces. PMID- 6510790 TI - [Meralgia paresthetica]. PMID- 6510791 TI - [Endemic focus of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Quezi'ot]. PMID- 6510792 TI - [Percutaneous trigeminal glycerol rhizolysis in trigeminal neuralgia]. PMID- 6510793 TI - [Distal renal tubular acidosis with hyperkalemia due to obstructive uropathy]. PMID- 6510794 TI - [Adrenal insufficiency due to active tuberculosis]. PMID- 6510795 TI - [Relationship between digoxin dosage and serum concentration]. PMID- 6510796 TI - [Agranulocytosis as a presenting sign of systemic lupus erythematosus]. PMID- 6510797 TI - [Ascites as a presenting sign of active systemic lupus erythematosus]. PMID- 6510798 TI - [Benign familial chronic pemphigus]. PMID- 6510799 TI - [A physician-attended mobile intensive care unit]. PMID- 6510800 TI - [Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva]. PMID- 6510801 TI - [Acute uveitis associated with Giardia lamblia infection]. PMID- 6510803 TI - [Tetanus 1983--new aspects in research and immunity]. PMID- 6510802 TI - [Achalasia in childhood]. PMID- 6510804 TI - [Urinary tract infection in women--approach, clarification, diagnosis and treatment]. PMID- 6510805 TI - [Non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema]. PMID- 6510806 TI - [Chlamydia trachomatis in pregnancy]. PMID- 6510807 TI - [Head lice in school children in Jerusalem]. PMID- 6510809 TI - [Education for a humanistic approach in medicine]. PMID- 6510808 TI - [A charitable approach to medicine]. PMID- 6510810 TI - [Diagnostic value of nuclear magnetic resonance scanning in central nervous system diseases]. PMID- 6510811 TI - [Dietary soya lecithin decreases plasma triglyceride and inhibits platelet aggregation]. PMID- 6510812 TI - [Familial echinococcosis]. PMID- 6510813 TI - [Thyroid storm masked by drug-induced hyperkalemia and bradycardia]. PMID- 6510814 TI - [Superior oblique myokymia]. PMID- 6510815 TI - [Skin injury by the sigamus fish]. PMID- 6510816 TI - [Niacin-induced hepatitis]. PMID- 6510817 TI - [Liver damage due to reserpine hypersensitivity]. PMID- 6510818 TI - [Pneumonitis due to amiodarone]. PMID- 6510819 TI - [Microsurgery for intracranial extension of nasal dermoid sinus]. PMID- 6510820 TI - [The production of human-hybridomas and its contribution to the autoimmune diseases]. PMID- 6510821 TI - [A case survey of acute relapsing fever in Israel]. PMID- 6510822 TI - [Rehabilitation of the vascular amputee and prosthesis utilization]. PMID- 6510823 TI - [Exposure to domestic lung irritants]. PMID- 6510824 TI - [Adjustment of dosage improves prophylactic effect of low-dose heparin]. PMID- 6510825 TI - [Bacterial endocarditis in drug addicts]. PMID- 6510826 TI - [Differential diagnosis of syncope]. PMID- 6510827 TI - An integrative model of health, illness, and disease. AB - Health has traditionally been viewed in this country as the opposite of illness, even though what constitutes "health" is usually not clearly defined. This article highlights the complexity of the factors that influence health, probes the relationship between illness and disease, and explores the possibilities of establishing an integrated view of health, illness, and disease. PMID- 6510828 TI - Get out of my potato patch: a biased view of death and dying. AB - The acceptance of death has become a subject of note in both the professional and mass-market literature. In these personal reflections, the author argues that popularized views of dying have little to do with reality and ultimately add to the pressures facing those who must contend with the prospect of death. PMID- 6510829 TI - Training social workers to work with the terminally ill. AB - Working with dying patients and their families may be some social workers' most emotionally difficult challenge. The seminar described here was designed to heighten social workers' awareness of their own feelings about dying and to sensitize them to the emotions and needs of patients and families confronting death. PMID- 6510830 TI - Burnout among hospice staff. AB - Is burnout common among health care personnel dealing with situations of great emotional intensity? This study surveyed personnel in 40 hospices to examine the components of burnout among those who work with the terminally ill. Although the overall burnout among staff was found to be relatively low, a higher than average measure of burnout was recorded among employees with high educational levels, long tenure, and full-time status. PMID- 6510831 TI - Psychosocial assessment of chronic headache. AB - Chronic headache is often a crippling condition for those afflicted by it. The case of a headache sufferer is presented here against a framework that reviews the literature on the psychological, social, and familial issues related to the problem of chronic pain. The intent is to offer practitioners guidelines and a context within which clients with chronic headache can be understood and helped. PMID- 6510832 TI - Social networks and support during the crisis of heart attack. AB - The type, source, and extent of support received by the families of heart attack victims were investigated in this study to shed light on the nature of families' informal support systems. The author concludes that grown-up children and friends and neighbors were families' greatest source of emotional support but that professional intervention is needed to mobilize and supplement informal networks. PMID- 6510833 TI - Does social work in HMOs measure up to professional standards? AB - Does social work practice in Health Maintenance Organizations (HMOs) conform to professional social work standards and accepted practice theory? After reviewing the findings of three national surveys recently conducted on social services in HMOs, the authors conclude that this may not be the case and offer suggestions for improvement. PMID- 6510834 TI - Appendiceal enterobiasis--its incidence and relationships to appendicitis. AB - An evaluation was made of a bioptic material (21,916 appendices recovered from 1965 to 1974), in order to disclose relationships of the incidence of Enterobius vermicularis and the origin of appendicitis. A separate evaluation was made of a set of appendectomies (10,619 cases--from 1961 to 1970) for the purpose of detecting changes in pin worm-infested appendices by means of histological methods (683 cases). E. vermicularis was found in 6.03% of appendices. Included in our histological examination was a search for granulomas and eosinophile infiltrations. The former occurred in 1.14% of pin worm-infested appendices, the later in 1.74% and in 0.19%, or 2.18% in pin worm non-infested appendices. The results indicated a statistically highly significant difference in the incidence of granulomas. The incidence of granulomas in the appendix was increased in the present of pin worms in the appendix, and seemed also to be responsible for further pathological changes in it. PMID- 6510836 TI - Immune response in rabbits experimentally infected with Ascaris suum. AB - Immune response of rabbits experimentally infected with Ascaris suum was studied by indirect haemagglutination method. The animals were infected with the doses of 5,000, 10,000 and 20,000 infective eggs per animal. Positive reactions were observed from days 5-11 p.i., maximum reactions on days 11-19 p.i. A reinfection with the same doses (1x or 2x after 35 and 65 days) increased the antibody titre. The strongest individual reaction was recorded on day 19 p.i. in the group infected with the highest dose (titre 1 : 4096). The increased antibody titres persisted til the end of the experiment (82th day p.i.) in all groups. PMID- 6510835 TI - Tissue reaction after subcutaneous injection of Taenia saginata oncospheres. AB - After subcutaneous injection of T. saginata oncospheres, a slight swelling is visible at the site of injection first after 13 days. Conspicuous projecting nodes appear after 3-4 weeks. Histological examinations of the site of injection revealed the following changes: On days 3 and 4 p.i.--edema, focal necrosis and haemorrhage, exudation of leukocytes, activation of monocytes and fibroblasts. On day 7 p.i.--in addition to edema and foci of eosinophiles, a striking activation of monocytes and fibroblasts, focal accumulation of macrophages, proliferation of blood capillaries and formation of collagen. On day 10 p.i.--eosinophiles and light macrophages around the larvae, fibroplastic granulation tissue at the periphery and collagenous connective tissue abundant. Hyperplasia of lymphoid tissue starts to appear at this time. On days 13-14 p.i.--a large amount of newly formed connective tissue in granulation tissue, diffuse infiltration of eosinophiles and hyperplasia of lymphatic tissue. On days 19-34 p.i.--haemorrhage around the cysticerci, activation of macrophages, phagocytizing erythrocytes. Endothelia of blood capillaries proliferate; lymphatic follicles are formed at the periphery of nodular affection which appears after inoculation of oncospheres. On day 34 p.i.--distinct formation of a pseudocyst. At the period from 53th to 61st day after injection, there is a mature collagenous connective tissue among the cysts, but still strongly infiltrated with cells. Clusters of siderophages are visible in connective tissue septa between the cysts. PMID- 6510837 TI - Studies on ticks of veterinary importance in Nigeria XVII. Resistance of rabbits to infestation with Amblyomma variegatum and Boophilus decoloratus (Acari: Ixodidae). AB - Rabbits exposed to larvae, nymphs and adults of Amblyomma variegatum acquired resistance to the infestation with adults of this tick. The degree of acquired resistance was lowest in the rabbits exposed once previously to larvae and highest in those exposed twice previously to adults. Rabbits also acquired resistance after primary infestation with Boophilus decoloratus; their resistance became very high during the thrice-repeated feeding. New terms are introduced for the quantification of the degree of resistance of animals to tick infestation. Rabbits were protected against infestation with B. decoloratus by intravenous injection of serum from the rabbits on which the ticks had fed three times. The relevance of the results to integrated tick control strategies is discussed. PMID- 6510838 TI - Occurrence of ixodid ticks--the main vectors of tick-borne encephalitis virus in urbanized territory. AB - The influence of urbanization on ticks I. ricinus and I. persulcatus--the main vectors of tick-borne encephalitis virus is discussed on the basis of concrete examples. It has been revealed that under favourable conditions the populations of these tick species can exist for a long time not only in towns and new housing estates, but in the old residential districts as well. The necessity of studying the ecology of urban populations of ixodid ticks is pointed out. PMID- 6510839 TI - Protection against Plasmodium berghei yoelii in chloroquine- and pyrimethamine treated mice. AB - The antimalarial drugs chloroquine and pyrimethamine were observed to afford protection to mice treated with these agents. This protection was observed in mice when given a subsequent challenge infection after they had been radically cured of P. b. yoelii infection. PMID- 6510840 TI - [Pressor and depressor responses to intracerebroventricularly administered prostaglandins and arachidonic acid in anaesthetized rabbits]. AB - The effects of intracerebroventricularly (i.c.v.) administered prostaglandins (PG) E2, F2a, I2 and their precursor, arachidonic acid (AA), on systemic blood pressure were investigated in anaesthetized rabbits. PGE2 (0.03-1 microgram/0.1 ml/rabbit) elevated blood pressure in a dose-related manner. PGF2a exerted no significant changes on blood pressure. PGI2 (0.3-10 micrograms/0.1 ml/rabbit) lowered blood pressure in a dose-related manner. AA (0.1-10 microgram/0.1 ml/rabbit) dose-independently elevated blood pressure. I.c.v. pretreatment with indomethacin, an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase, abolished the hypertensive effect of AA, but did not influence the hypertensive and hypotensive effect caused by PGE2 and PGI2, respectively. These results suggest that the hypertensive effect of AA may be composed of various actions of the above-mentioned PG and the related substances synthetized from AA in the brain tissues. PMID- 6510841 TI - [Re-evaluation of the carrageenin-induced abscess model as a screening method for anti-inflammatory agents]. AB - For the simple assay of anti-inflammatory agents and the analysis of their mode of action, the early inflammatory reactions of the carrageenin abscess model in rats were studied by determining abscess (exudate) weight, vascular permeability measured by extravascular dye leakage, protein, prostaglandins (PGs), and DNA (an index of leucocyte infiltration). Subcutaneous injection of 0.5 ml of 2% carrageenin in the dorsal sacral region of rats induced an edema with an initial weak phase (3 hr) followed by a second pronounced phase, reaching a maximum (2.3 g) at 15 hr and declining steadily thereafter. During the first 15 hr, there was a good correlation between the edema formation and changes in the increased vascular permeability, and also the PGE contents in the exudate paralleled the permeability, but thereafter, these components did not follow the same time course. The marked increase in DNA content in the exudate started after a lag time of a few hr in correspondence with the second accelerated edema formation. The edema formation was effectively inhibited by indomethacin and dexamethasone given simultaneously with the irritant injection; maximum inhibition with indomethacin (2 mg/kg, p.o.) was 36% at 15 hr and 48% with dexamethasone (0.1 mg/kg, p.o.) at 9 hr. Indomethacin very significantly affected exudate PGE levels and vascular permeability, rather than suppressing the edema formation. When the treatment was initiated at 9 hr after injury, it was not effective in reducing the weight of the 24-hr abscess, whereas it had significant effect on the PGE concentration. Dexamethasone did not exert significant effect on the PGE levels despite its potent and steady anti-edematous activities.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6510842 TI - [Formalin-induced minor tremor response as an indicator of pain]. AB - Formalin which was said to produce prolonged pain and inflammation was injected subcutaneously into the back of guinea pigs, and minor tremor pain response (MTP response) was measured using the MT-pick up, integrator and digital volt meter. The MTP-response curve showed a biphasic pattern. Immediately after injection, the MTP-response curve showed a significant peak which lasted for about 2 min (the first phase) and subsequently dipped rapidly, and after 5 min, it began to rise slowly again and had a peak at 30 min (the second phase). Morphine (6 mg/kg, s.c.) inhibited completely the first and second phases. Levallorphan (1.2 mg/kg), however, reversed the inhibitory effect of morphine at the first phase, but not at the second phase. Aspirin (200 mg/kg, i.p.), aminopyrine (100 mg/kg, s.c.) and pentazocine (5 mg-10 mg/kg, s.c.) inhibited significantly the formalin-induced MTP-response at both phases. Pyridinol carbamate (200 mg/kg, i.p.) and hydrocortisone (25 mg/kg, i.p.) had no effect on the MTP-response at the first phase, but inhibited it at the second phase. There was a parallelism between the time course of the vascular permeability induced by formalin and that of the second phase of MTP-response. From these results, it is suggested that the first phase of MTP-response is derived from the direct effect of formalin on free nerve endings, while the second phase is derived from the inflammation. Since two kinds of pain features were differentiated in this method, the relationships with so called "immediate pain" and "delayed pain" were discussed. Furthermore, this method can be utilized to assess pain and the action of analgesics objectively and quantitatively. PMID- 6510844 TI - [Effect of CV-2619 (idebenone) on the half-life and hemolysis of red blood cells in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP)]. AB - The effects of CV-2619 on the half-life and hemolysis of red blood cells (RBC) in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP) were examined. The half-life of RBC in SHRSP was shorter than that in control Wistar Kyoto rats (WKY) and was significantly prolonged in SHRSP kept on a diet containing 0.1% (w/w) of CV-2619 (calculated at 71.0 mg/kg/day): 11.7 +/- 0.4 days in untreated SHRSP (n = 11); 13.8 +/- 0.1 days in treated SHRSP (n = 5, P less than 0.01); and 14.8 +/- 0.5 days in WKY (n = 6). The hemolysis of RBC in salt-loaded SHRSP was accelerated compared with that in WKY. In SHRSP given CV-2619 (20 or 70 mg/kg/day, p.o.) for 2 weeks, the hemolysis was significantly inhibited; the percent hemolysis was 43.9 +/- 0.9% (n = 10) in the control, 39.5 +/- 0.9% (n = 9, P less than 0.01) in the group given 20 mg/kg CV-2619, and 37.1 +/- 0.8% (n = 9, P less than 0.001) in the group given 70 mg/kg CV-2619. These results suggest that the stabilizing effect of CV-2619 on the membrane of RBC is involved in its therapeutic effects in cerebral vascular disorders. PMID- 6510843 TI - [Effects of oxybutynin on the cardiovascular system in dogs]. AB - The effects of oxybutynin, an anticholinergic and antispasmodic agent, on the cardiovascular system were studied in comparison with those of atropine in anesthetized dogs. Oxybutynin (0.1-10 mg/kg, i.v.) caused a transient hypotension, tachycardia, increases in femoral, stomach, mesenteric and common carotid arterial blood flows and a decrease in renal arterial blood flow. Atropine (0.1-10 mg/kg, i.v.) caused a stronger and more prolonged hypotension with bradycardia, accompanied by weaker blood flow changes than those by oxybutynin. In open-chest dogs, oxybutynin caused increases in cardiac output and coronary sinus outflow and decreases in heart rate and left ventricular pressure. The agent augmented dLVP/dt/P at doses up to 3 mg/kg, i.v., but reduced it at 10 mg/kg, i.v. Atropine caused stronger cardiosuppressive responses than those of oxybutynin. Coronary sinus outflow was decreased by atropine, unlike in the case of oxybutynin. The pressor responses of norepinephrine, epinephrine and tyramine were potentiated by pretreatment with oxybutynin (15 mg/kg, i.v.). However, pressor or depressor responses induced by histamine, isoproterenol, serotonin and DMPP were unaffected by oxybutynin. Intraarterial injections of oxybutynin, atropine and papaverine caused femoral and renal arterial vasodilations dose dependently, in the following order of potency: papaverine greater than oxybutynin greater than atropine. In the isolated blood-perfused canine papillary muscle preparation, oxybutynin and atropine caused a negative inotropic action, whereas papaverine caused a positive inotropic action. From the above results, it is suggested that oxybutynin has milder cardiosuppressive and hypotensive effects than atropine in terms of potency and duration of action, and in addition, oxybutynin has a vasodilating action probably ascribable to its anticholinergic and antispasmodic actions. PMID- 6510845 TI - [Emotional determinants of voice function therapy]. PMID- 6510846 TI - Cry score--an aid in infant diagnosis. PMID- 6510847 TI - Breath management in repeated vocal onset. PMID- 6510848 TI - Fine morphology of the posterior cricoarytenoid muscle. PMID- 6510849 TI - [Surface electromyography for the study of voice function]. PMID- 6510850 TI - [Functional voice disorder in singers and its sonographic analysis]. PMID- 6510851 TI - Accidental death by gunshot wound--fact or fiction. AB - Accidental deaths by firearm injury were studied over 11 years, 1972-1982, in Metro-Dade County. A total of 54 cases were studied. After noting the percentage of the cases that occurred by year, the age, race, sex, of the victim were tabulated. Type of weapon, body part involved, whether self-inflicted or not, blood alcohol of victim were also studied along with scene circumstances. A final admonition to the reader on how to handle such cases is discussed. PMID- 6510852 TI - Amoxapine fatalities: three case studies. AB - Amoxapine (Asendin), a recently introduced dibenzoxazepine, has been effective in clinical studies for the treatment of various types of depression. Three amoxapine-related deaths are reported. Quantitation of amoxapine was carried out by gas chromatography using 3% OV-17 column. Blood amoxapine concentrations were 11.5 mg/l, 2.8 mg/l, and 0.89 mg/l. The concentrations are many-fold higher than the reported therapeutic serum concentrations of 0.21 mg/l. These cases illustrate the potential toxicity and lethality of amoxapine overdose and the need for caution in prescribing a large amount of amoxapine to patients with suicidal tendencies. PMID- 6510853 TI - In vivo and in vitro studies on cocaine metabolism: ecgonine methyl ester as a major metabolite of cocaine. AB - The levels of cocaine, benzoylecgonine and ecgonine methyl ester were measured periodically in the urine of dogs and rabbits by gas chromatography-chemical ionization selected ion monitoring mass spectrometry after subcutaneous injection of 2.9 mumol/kg (1.0 mg/kg) cocaine--HCl. Ecgonine methyl ester persisted much longer than benzoylecgonine. Urinary ecgonine methyl ester could be identified for 72 h in all the experimental dogs. The ester accounted for 6.6-27.1% of a dose of cocaine in dogs and 8.8-31.9% in rabbits 24 h after administration. Excretion of benzoylecgonine in urine was 6.3-19.2% in dogs and 7.5-32.9% in rabbits. This confirms that ecgonine methyl ester is one of the major metabolites of cocaine as well as benzoylecgonine. Excretion of the parent drug and its two hydrolyzed metabolites in faeces was very small, less than 1% of administered dose. Tri-o-tolylphosphate and eserine significantly inhibited cocaine hydrolysis to benzoylecgonine and ecgonine methyl ester, respectively. Parathion and EDTA, however, had no effects on cocaine hydrolysis in vivo. In vitro demethylation of cocaine to benzoylecgonine was demonstrated in the plasma from dogs and this production of benzoylecgonine was much more than that of non-enzymatic formation in buffer at physiological pH. It was concluded that a large part of the benzoylecgonine excreted in urine is an in vivo enzymatic product of cocaine. On the other hand, plasma cholinesterase and liver esterase mediated ecgonine methyl ester formation. This liver esterase was abundant in the soluble fraction and could be found in both of microsomal and mitochondrial fractions. PMID- 6510854 TI - Quantitation of cocaine, benzoylecgonine and ecgonine methyl ester by GC-CI-SIM after Extrelut extraction. AB - A method of gas chromatography-chemical ionization selected ion monitoring (GC-CI SIM) is described for the determination of cocaine, benzoylecgonine and ecgonine methyl ester in biological materials using an Extrelut extraction technique. Recoveries of cocaine, benzoylecgonine and ecgonine methyl ester by this technique were 95, 81 and 97%, respectively. The method uses cocaine-d5, benzoylecgonine-d5 and lidocaine as internal standards, and isobutane as reagent gas for chemical ionization. Sensitivity of the method proved to be 1 ng/ml for cocaine and benzoylecgonine, and 10 ng/ml for ecgonine methyl ester when used in a 10-ml urine sample. With animal experiments, ecgonine methyl ester as well as benzoylecgonine was confirmed as a major metabolite of cocaine. PMID- 6510855 TI - The survival of oral streptococci on human skin and its implication in bite-mark investigation. AB - Ten-microlitre aliquots of whole saliva applied to human skin were sampled for periods up to 6.25 h. The rate of loss of recoverable bacteria was 45-50% per hour. After 6.25 h, viable oral streptococci could be recovered. The implications for using a "fingerprint" typing method for these bacteria with regard to the identification of bite-marks are discussed. PMID- 6510856 TI - Improvised firearms versus regular firearms. PMID- 6510857 TI - Articles found in the possession of a methamphetamine abuser. AB - A plastic syringe containing bloody fluid, 2 ampules of 20% glucose, and ampule containing diphenhydramine hydrochloride and calcium bromide, powder in a plastic bag and powder wrapped in paper were among the articles found in the possession of a 42-year-old male methamphetamine abuser, who had been taken to a mental hospital owing to his hallucinations. Examination of the patient revealed several recent needle punctures on the left forearm. The concentration of methamphetamine and its metabolite, amphetamine, in blood collected 1 day following the last intake was 76 nmol/100 g. Analysis of the powder and of the contents of the syringe revealed methamphetamine hydrochloride at a concentration of 99.0-99.5% and 7.4%, respectively. Neither glucose nor diphenhydramine were detected in the contents of the syringe. It would seem that the patient abused methamphetamine hydrochloride by intravenous injection after dissolving it in city water or distilled water. PMID- 6510858 TI - [Etiology and therapy of spontaneous pneumothorax. Discussion of conservative or surgical procedure based on personal results]. AB - The treatment of spontaneous pneumothorax is discussed on the basis of the experience we have gained in 78 patients. Therapy is determined by the pathophysiology and aetiology of the condition. The treatment and follow-up results are compared with those reported in the literature, and the rationale of our own procedure is explained. It is emphasized that surgical treatment that takes account of the aetiology, produces good results with respect to freedom from recurrence and pulmonary function. Particular attention is drawn to the higher mortality rate of pneumothorax in the aged when surgical treatment is required, so that in these patients, it is justified to proceed as conservatively as possible, making use of the less aggressive procedures indicated here. PMID- 6510859 TI - [Late complications following heart valve replacement]. AB - Patients with cardiac valve replacement require regular follow-up examinations since complications are not infrequent with valve prostheses. All mechanical valves are thrombogenic, only bioprostheses implanted in patients with constant sinus rhythm do not require anticoagulation. One of the most important practical tasks is the exact adjustment of anticoagulant administration in order to achieve prothrombin values of between 15 and 25%. During check-ups the physician has to pay special attention to changes in symptoms and auscultation which might point to dysfunction of the valve. Of special importance is fever of unclear origin since endocarditis of the valve is a very serious complication. The patient must be admitted to hospital at the slightest suspicion of endocarditis. PMID- 6510860 TI - [Physical therapy in tumor patients. Possible treatment procedures and their indications]. AB - Various symptoms in tumor patients can be alleviated or eliminated by physiotherapeutic measures. However, one cannot assume that these methods are principally without risk. Even a slight risk of tumour cell dissemination must be considered individually. In this study the treatment possibilities of pains due to tumors or scars, of the loss of function due to scars and partial paralysis and of edemas due to thromboses and prevention of lymph outflow are presented. PMID- 6510861 TI - [Improvement of blood rheology by intensive physical training]. AB - In a comparative study of athletes and sedentary normal persons, it is shown that the former have significantly better hemorheological factors. In a follow-up study, it is further shown that in healthy subjects, an intensive training programme continued for a period of three months, leads to a lowering of blood viscosity, which is comparable with the effects that can be achieved with suitable hemorheological treatment. PMID- 6510862 TI - [Vascular surgery emergencies in geriatrics. Diagnosis and operative measures]. AB - Particularly in the elderly patient, acute vascular occlusion must be treated quickly and with as little risk as possible. Among the surgical possibilities, preference is given to the inflatable balloon catheter to eliminate the occlusion. This procedure is usually possible in acute arterial and venous obstructions. Acute arterial thrombosis requires a vascular reconstructive procedure. Here, in unilateral thrombotic occlusion of a pelvic artery, the femoro-femoral bypass is particularly useful. After successful surgery, anticoagulant treatment should always be given unless contraindicated. PMID- 6510863 TI - [Vascular surgery in advanced age. Evaluation of risk based on 317 vascular surgery interventions in patients over 70]. AB - The general caution in the diagnosis of elderly patients needing vascular surgery is not always founded and should remain the right of the surgeon. The selective, reconstructive vascular surgery does not have a considerably higher risk in the elderly. Depending on the localisation the mortality following revascularisation is considerably less with 3,3 to 21,1% than following the amputation of limbs with 42,5%. A further reduction in the rate of complications after reconstruction is possible due to extra-anatomical procedures and early diagnoses before irreversible damage occurs. The possibility of revascularisation should be tested in good time, particularly in elderly persons with disturbed circulation and especially before an amputation. PMID- 6510864 TI - [A single dose of theophylline in the evening in chronic obstructive airway disease. Serum concentration and lung function parameter]. AB - In 12 patients with long-standing obstructive respiratory disease, the nocturnal Theophylline plasma levels were investigated after the administration in the evening, of 600 or 800 mg respectively Theophylline given in the form of sustained-release tablets (Uniphyllin), measurements being made on the first, 4th and 5th day of the study. Hourly plasma level measurements were made in the critical period between 4.00 and 8.00 hours. Already on the first study day, Theophylline plasma concentrations were higher than 10 micrograms/ml 5 to 11 hours after medication; on days 4 and 5, corresponding values were achieved after 3 hours. On these days, the course of the curve was virtually identical. Only very small standard deviations were found. Seven hours after medication, the plasma levels of Theophylline were at a peak. On average, this was 14.4 micrograms/ml on day 1, 18.1 micrograms/ml on day 4, and 17.7 micrograms/ml on day 5. Prior to the next dose of Theophylline at 21.00 hours, Theophylline plasma levels of 6.6 and 6.4 micrograms/ml were measured on days 4 and 5, respectively. These figures were thus appreciably above 5 micrograms/ml even after 24 hours. Between 4.00 and 8.00 hours, the Theophylline plasma levels were particularly high, so that in this biorhythmically critical period, the therapeutic effect of Theophylline following an evening single dose of Uniphyllin, is optimally developed. PMID- 6510865 TI - [Risky artificial paternity. Legal aspects of in vitro fertilization suggest caution for physicians in the use of these technics]. PMID- 6510866 TI - [Phenomenology of the Kluver-Bucy syndrome in man]. AB - The KBS was first described on the basis of experimental bilateral temporal lobectomy in monkeys. Extrapolating any syndrome from monkey to man is frought with controversy, but the 53 patients with KBS reported here are significant for the completeness of its expression and the opportunity to follow its evolution. The rarity of the human KBS is attested to because less than 200 cases have been reported in the literature. The KBS in man, presented here as a clinical entity, includes the following symptoms: (1) Increased oral activity: a strong tendency to examine all objects orally, putting objects in mouth, licking, biting, chewing, touching with lips. (2) Hypersexuality (hetero-, homo-, autosexual). (3) Hypermetamorphosis: to touch everything in sight, to attend to every visual stimulus with grasping, hugging movements. (4) Memory disorders. (5) Placidity, flattened affect and pet-like compliance with lack of aggressive affective behaviour. (6) Loss of recognition of people (7) Bulimia. The KBS in man shows little etiologic specificity and has been seen in our cases with posttraumatic encephalopathy, encephalitis, anoxia and subarachnoid hemorrhage as well as with Pick's disease, Alzheimer's disease, bilateral temporal infarction, partial or complete removal of both temporal lobes, hypoglycemia, adrenoleucodystrophy, porphyria and neuroleptic medication reported in previous studies. Since the lesions in man are not as extensive and not as consistently localized as in animal experiments, it is not surprising that all abnormal behaviour deficits seen in monkey following bitemporal lobectomy have seldom been exactly reproduced in man. The full syndrome is not usually seen. Indicating a partial KBS in man, combinations of three or more different elements must be present concerning cognitive, behavioural and emotional deficits. In most cases of human KBS the evolution demonstrates a transient profile but in few patients a partial KBS is remaining. The dynamics in the development of a KBS show a delineation between a pre-stage, full-stage, and remission stage. These stages only occur in posttraumatic cases and have not been seen in KBS of other etiology. The results of CT-investigations in 50 patients with KBS mainly show nonspecific abnormalities (brain atrophy, focal lesion, subdural hematoma, hydrocephalus) and the exact anatomic localization of the lesions necessary to produce KBS could not be demonstrated in particular cases by CT. Also no specific EEG-pattern is associated with KBS and the EEG often shows a wide range of findings.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6510867 TI - [Significance of iliac crest biopsy in the diagnosis of immunovasculitis in neurologic disease pictures]. AB - In the present study we evaluated and analysed 81 patients with mainly neurological symptoms in whom iliac crest biopsy was performed because of a suspected immunovasculitis. In 20 of these patients, an immunopathy could be verified via the iliac crest biopsy. The relevance, reliability and accuracy of iliac crest biopsy is compared with the corresponding properties of other conventional methods of biopsy and neurological examination. The clinical syndromes of patients with immunovasculitis are analysed and compared with those of a group without detectable immunovasculitis in the iliac crest biopsy sample. For immunovasculitides with neurological symptomatology, no typical complex of symptoms was seen compared with the control group which would support a suspected diagnosis of immunovasculitis. Four selected case histories are described in keyword style. It follows from the result of this study that iliac crest biopsy is a low-risk examination method which the patient can be expected to tolerate, which is far more accurate in respect of the specific question of an immunodisease such as immunovasculitis with a strongly predominant neurological syndrome, compared with all other conventional neurological examination methods including other biopsy methods. PMID- 6510868 TI - [Analysis of movement in extrapyramidal motor diseases using a computer]. AB - Normals are able to move their limbs in a continuous spectrum of speeds. In contrast patients with so called extrapyramidal disorders show typical changes of movement. Short ballistic movements of the upper limb were analysed by a joystick connected with a computer in 57 patients with different extrapyramidal disorders (parkinsonsyndrome, essential tremor, torsion dystonia, chorea and intention tremor) and in 22 normals. Patients with parkinsonsyndrome and with torsion dystonia move the upper limb slower than normals and all other patients. Their movements show breaks. All patients execute aimed movements less precisely than normals. Most unprecise are the movements of patients with essential tremor. Oscillation of movements of all patients deminish, but less than in normals. Patients with parkinsonsyndrome show smallest oscillations at the beginning of each movement. Patients with intention tremor differ not from normals at the beginning, but show still the highest oscillations at the end of movement. Holding the target they correct most frequent. We discuss, that striatum generates timing and strength of ballistic movement and cerebellum apeases oscillation of movement and frequency of correcting while holding a target. PMID- 6510869 TI - [Significance of the medical anthropology work of Dieter Wyss for modern psychiatry and psychotherapy]. AB - In the first part the decrease of the psychopathological research was described and the impact on the practical psychopathology was deplored, which in its existential tendencies could be very productive for a patient-orientated psychiatrist. The writings of D. Wyss stand in contrast to that disappearance of psychopathology. The author stressed the historical development of the patient an the importance of conflict which yields the dynamics of that development. The conception of psychosis has as its basic concept that of perspective which is a fundamental union of the "interior" and "exterior" of the human person. The essay ends with a discussion of the importance of the author for a humane psychotherapy which exists in a symmetric relation to the patient. PMID- 6510870 TI - [Study on the immune response in patients with chronic renal failure, with special reference to the peripheral blood lymphocyte subpopulation]. PMID- 6510871 TI - [Follow-up study on the outcome of filarial mass treatment]. PMID- 6510872 TI - Transfusion of platelets harvested by cell separator in open heart surgery. PMID- 6510873 TI - [Membrane currents in the guinea-pig Purkinje fibers]. PMID- 6510874 TI - Timing of operation for chronic aortic regurgitation: influence of left ventricular function on clinical management. AB - Since symptomatic patients with aortic regurgitation and normal ventricular function (ejection fraction greater than or equal to 50%, fractional shortening greater than or equal to 29%, end-systolic diameter less than or equal to 55 mm) have a significantly higher three year survival postoperatively than patients with impaired left ventricular function (ejection fraction less than 50%, fractional shortening less than 29%, end-systolic diameter greater than 55 mm), the indication for surgery should be established prior to the onset of left ventricular functional impairment. In two-thirds or more of asymptomatic patients with left ventricular dysfunction, symptoms are incurred within two to three years. Additionally, in patients with impaired left ventricular function but with only slight or no symptoms or a normal exercise capacity, respectively, postoperatively there is a higher three year survival rate than in patients with marked symptoms or compromised exercise capacity. In patients in whom preoperative left ventricular dysfunction is present for only a relatively short duration (less than 14 months), the probability of postoperative regression of ventricular dilation and dysfunction is higher than in those whose left ventricular functional impairment is of longer duration (greater than 18 months). Thus, in asymptomatic patients with left ventricular dysfunction, the indication for surgery should be established before the onset of symptoms or compromise of exercise capacity. In asymptomatic patients with normal left ventricular function, symptoms or left ventricular dysfunction develop at a low incidence of 4% per year. Accordingly, with conservative, nonsurgical management, these patients have an excellent prognosis. Patients in whom the onset of symptoms or left ventricular dysfunction can be anticipated to develop, may be identified on the basis of an end-systolic diameter greater than 50 mm, a decrease in left ventricular ejection fraction during exercise, a progressive increase in the end systolic as well as end-diastolic diameter or a rapid decrease in fractional shortening or ejection fraction seen during follow-up observation. The indication for surgery, however, should be established only at the onset of symptoms or left ventricular dysfunction since in all of these patients, regression of ventricular dilatation and normalization of left ventricular function can be expected postoperatively. The preoperative left ventricular function is a primary determinant of postoperative results even on employment of myocardial protection and a hemodynamically-favorable prosthesis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6510875 TI - Timing of surgical therapy for aortic valve stenosis. Goals of therapy. AB - In patients with aortic stenosis, delineation of the optimal timing of surgery is of particular importance since inappropriately early surgery subjects the patient to the risk of prosthetic heart valve disease for a longer time than is necessary (Figure 1) and inappropriately late surgery can result in prolonged untreated symptoms and irreversible myocardial changes or systemic complications. A valve orifice area less than 1.0 cm2 or less than 0.7 cm2/m2, respectively, is indicative of critical stenosis. The indication for surgery should be established mainly on the basis of compromise of the valve orifice area equal to or in excess of the latter. In young patients surgical intervention should be carried out as soon as a critical stenosis is documented. Aortic stenosis can lead to symptoms such as fatigue, dyspnea, chest pain or syncope which surgery can eliminate and the incidence of sudden death may exceed 10% per year in symptomatic patients and can approach 2% per year in asymptomatic patients. In the younger age group, since the surgery required is almost exclusively commissurotomy rather than valve replacement, the operative mortality is less than 2% and the patient is not subjected to prosthetic heart valve disease. In adult patients with symptomatic, documented critical aortic stenosis, surgery should not be delayed. The symptoms can be ameliorated through surgery. The prognosis without surgery is poor with a five-year survival rate less than 50%, while after aortic valve replacement survival at five years is approximately 75 to 80%.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6510876 TI - Haemodynamic dose-response effects of i.v. verapamil in coronary artery disease. AB - As an aid to clinical therapeutic decisions, the haemodynamic dose-response effects following intravenous verapamil were evaluated in ten male patients with angiographically confirmed and stable coronary artery disease. Sitting at rest, following a control period with four i.v. boluses of saline, four equivalent boluses of verapamil (logarithmic cumulative dosage; 2, 4, 8 and 16 mg) were administered at four minute intervals; haemodynamic variables were recorded two to four minutes following each i.v. injection. The haemodynamic effects of the drug during upright bicycle exercise were evaluated by comparison of measurements made during a control steady-state exercise period with observations made at the same upright exercise workload (25 to 75 W) immediately following the maximum cumulative dose (16 mg). Following the four i.v. boluses, the plasma verapamil concentrations showed a log-linear increase (r = 0.82; p less than 0.001); the levels achieved (26 +/- 2 to 147 +/- 14 micrograms/l) were within the range at which substantial pharmacodynamic activity has been shown to be present. At rest, compared with control measurements after saline, these plasma concentrations of verapamil were associated with linear decreases in systemic vascular resistance (maximum delta SVR -720 dyne X s X cm-5/m2; p less than 0.01) and blood pressure (maximum delta MBP -8 mmHg; p less than 0.05) and linear increases in cardiac index (maximum delta CI +0.4 l/min/m2; p less than 0.05) and in pulmonary artery occluded pressure (maximum delta PAOP +3 mmHg; p less than 0.05). There was no significant trend of change in the heart rate.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6510878 TI - Carbon-fiber foot-force sensor system for gait analysis. PMID- 6510877 TI - [Isolated aortic isthmus stenosis: operation indications and results]. AB - The goal of surgical correction of isolated coarctation of the aorta is normalization of the blood pressure. To assess the optimal age for the intervention with respect to operative morbidity and mortality, residual stenosis and recoarctation rate as well as the postoperative persistence of arterial hypertension without recoarctation, the pre- and postoperative findings of 237 patients (age at surgery: range one week to 17 years) were analyzed. The blood pressure, which was above the 95th percentile of age-matched normal values preoperatively in 93%, showed a clear decrease postoperatively in all age groups. On surgical correction, however, performed as of six years of age, there was a continuously increasing rate of persistent arterial hypertension without recoarctation which ranged from about 10% in those undergoing surgery between the ages of six and eight years to 31% in patients operated at ages between 13 and 17 years. In consideration of the operative results only with respect to the response of the resting blood pressure, insight is enabled only into one aspect of the prognosis, since the latter is equally dependent on the postoperative systemic arterial resistance. The systemic arterial resistance is already slightly elevated at three to five years of age, significantly increased as of six years of age, and at surgery after the age of six, shows a further increasing tendency. Accordingly, patients with postoperative normal or borderline-elevated blood pressure and apparently adequate surgical results, may be at risk of subsequent development of hypertension due to persistence of increased resistance, in particular, if surgery is performed after the age of five years.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6510879 TI - A new classification of lung cancer from a nucleomedical viewpoint using quantitative 201T1 and 67Ga scans in relation to histological type. PMID- 6510880 TI - Severe liver injuries due to sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim and sulfamethoxydiazine. AB - Two cases of severe sulfonamide liver injury are described. In one patient, fulminant liver failure developed after two days of taking sulfamethoxazole trimethoprim. The patient was treated with resin hemoperfusion and recovered completely. Another patient became jaundiced after using sulfamethoxydiazine for ten days. Very severe intrahepatic cholestasis developed and cleared up only after high-dose prednison treatment. Marked hyperbilirubinemia persisted for four months and aminotransferase activity had not normalized ten months after the onset of the disease. PMID- 6510881 TI - Circulating HBsAg/IgM complexes in acute and chronic hepatitis B. AB - Complexes between HBsAg and IgM have recently been described in the sera of HBsAg carriers. A solid phase RIA for HBsAg/IgM complexes has been described. Fifteen patients with acute viral hepatitis type B, and 52 HBsAg chronic carriers were studied. Testing of serial sera in acute hepatitis patients revealed that HBsAg/IgM complexes disappeared (preceding HBsAg negativization and usually at the same time as seroconversion from "e" to "anti-e") with 4 weeks in all but one patient who became a chronic HBsAg carrier. In addition, HBsAg/IgM complexes were found in 48% of HBsAg chronic carriers, in 69% of CPH patients, but in only 20% of healthy carriers (p less than 0.005). Although complexes were detectable in 93% HBeAg positive chronic carriers, they were also frequently found in anti-HBe positive patients, but never in e/anti-e negative patients (p less than 0.001). HBsAg/IgM complexes seem to be of important prognostic and diagnostic value in acute and chronic hepatitis B. PMID- 6510883 TI - Angiodysplasias of the colon. PMID- 6510882 TI - Detection of HBs-Ag in the pancreas in cases of pancreatic carcinoma. AB - Detection of HBs-Ag in the pancreatic juice in acute and chronic hepatic failure caused by hepatitis-B-infection leads to the assumption that parts of that virus are produced by the pancreas. We investigated pancreatic tissue obtained during Whipple's procedure in 51 cases of pancreatic carcinoma. In 5 specimens HBs-Ag was detected, mostly located in acinar cells and inside small ducts. In view of our knowledge of the carcinogenesis of human hepatocellular carcinoma, hepatitis B virus could produce an oncogenic effect in pancreatic carcinoma, too. PMID- 6510884 TI - [Pharmacokinetic study on the lidocaine concentration in serum during epidural anesthesia]. AB - This study was performed on humans to find a safety format for clinical application of lidocaine, a most popular local anesthetic in Japan, by following serum concentration of the drug epidural anesthesia, with or without repeated supplemental addition of the anesthetic. Twenty-five patients (ASA 1-2) were used for observations of short duration and 7 patients (ASA 1-3) for long duration. Changes in serum drug concentration after single epidural or intravenous injection were analyzed pharmacokinetically in 7 and 15 patients with or without hepatic disfunction, respectively. The serum lidocaine concentration was determined by an EMIT assay. It was found that during epidural anesthesia of 3 h duration with 1.5% lidocaine E (priming dose 15-20 ml, supplemental doses one or two thirds of the priming dose) an interval of about 50 min was preferable for the first supplementation, followed by longer intervals: serum drug concentration did not exceed 5 micrograms/ml over which is dangerous clinically. During epidural anesthesia of longer duration (maximum 11 h), the peak concentrations remained below 5 micrograms/ml which was seen after the 9th supplementation. There was a trend of increase in serum drug concentration by each supplementation. Actual mean values were lower than those estimated pharmacokinetically. This was due partly to dilution effect induced by bleeding and transfusions that followed. Addition of epinephrine to lidocaine (lidocaine E) reduced reabsorption of supplemented lidocaine by 20%, thereby increased the local concentration of the drug, resulting in an elongation of interval for supplementation. The combination was beneficial to patients also by preventing a sharp rise of drug level even after repeated supplementation. No difference was observed in the absorption, degradation and excretion of the drug between patients with and without hepatic dysfunctions examined. PMID- 6510885 TI - [Effect of PS-K on experimental neurogenic tumors in rats induced by ethylnitrosourea]. AB - The effect of PS-K as immunomodulator was studied in Fischer rats bearing neurogenic tumors induced transplacentally by ENU. 114 rats were divided into control and PS-K treated groups. all rats were subjected to an autopsy at death and all of central nervous system were examined macroscopically. Final neurogenic tumor incidence in PS-K treated groups was significantly lower than that in the control group, but distribution of these neurogenic tumors and number of neurogenic tumors in a rat remained unchanged between the control and the each PS K treated groups. Survival time of PS-K treated groups did not increase than the control group. From these experiments, it might be that induction of neurogenic tumors may be suppressed by administration of PS-K. PMID- 6510886 TI - [Mechanisms of high hemoglobin A1 in alcohol drinkers]. AB - Hemoglobin A1 (HbA1) levels were significantly higher in healthy alcohol drinkers (HbA1 = 7.50%, n = 11) than in normal non-drinkers (HbA1 = 6.62%, n = 13). Ethanol was not able to change HbA1 level when ethanol was added to human whole blood in vitro. Acetaldehyde (AcCHO), although, markedly increased it. Glucose utilization in erythrocytes was stimulated by AcCHO. While it was completely blocked by sodium fluoride in the presence of AcCHO in the incubation medium, but sodium fluoride did not affect the formation of HbA1. AcCHO formed HbA1 with human purified hemoglobin in vitro. The level of HbA1 formed by AcCHO was significantly low when purified human hemoglobin used as a substrate in comparison with the use of whole blood. AcCHO and dihydroxyacetone phosphate reacted in the presence of aldolase. The reacted product, 5-deoxy-D-xylulose-1 phosphate, increased HhA1 level of human purified hemoglobin. It is suggested, the high level of HbA1 in healthy drinkers was caused by AcCHO, the first metabolite of ethanol. AcCHO formed addicts with human hemoglobin directly, and there might be other mechanisms of HbA1 formation due to AcCHO, such as 5-deoxy-D xylulose-1-phosphate, which is the reacted product of AcCHO. PMID- 6510887 TI - [Postnatal development of granule-containing cells in the paracervical ganglion (Frankenhauser) of the mouse: an electron microscopic study]. AB - Granule-containing cells of the paracervical ganglion were studied by electron microscopy in mice at birth to 60 days of age. In the paracervical ganglion of newborn mice, among nerve cells, there are clusters of small spherical cells, which often contain small granular vesicles, 80 to 150 nm in diameter, in the peripheral zone of the cytoplasm. The cells with few granular vesicles are also observed. After 5 days of age the granule-containing cells are arranged in small groups, scattering in the ganglion. According to the size and distribution of the granular vesicles, granule-containing cells are classified into 3 types (types A, B, and C). The granule-containing cells similar to those in newborn mice are type A. In type B cells, small granular vesicles are distributed throughout the cytoplasm. Type C cells contain large granular vesicles, 150 to 400 nm in diameter, and small granular vesicles which are distributed throughout the cytoplasm. In newborn mice, all of the granule-containing cells are type A. Type A cells decrease with age and they are the smallest in frequency after 20 days of age. Type B cells appear at 5 days of age, increase rapidly, and become 46%, most frequent among 3 types, at 20 days of age, then decrease and become rare like type A cells at 60 days of age. Type C cells also appear at 5 days of age and they are the smallest in frequency at 5 and 10 days. Type C cells increase with age and become about 80% at 60 days. They are the most frequent cells after 35 days of age.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6510888 TI - [Report of a family with bone lesions and subcutaneous abscesses of unknown etiology]. AB - We reported the family with bone defect and infection of skin or oral cavity in clinical study. Twenty one were examined and twelve had skin lesions and three patients were dead by various symptoms. PMID- 6510889 TI - Serum and tissue coenzyme Q9 in rats with thyroid dysfunctions. AB - Serum and tissue CoQ9 levels were determined in hypothyroid, euthyroid and hyperthyroid rats. A significant negative correlation was demonstrated between serum FT4 or T3 and CoQ9 in rats with various states of thyroid functions. Liver CoQ9 was significantly increased in rats rendered mildly hyperthyroid. There was a significant positive correlation between serum FT4 or T3 and liver CoQ9. While liver CoQ9 did not significantly change in severely hyperthyroid animals, liver mitochondrial CoQ9 showed a significant positive correlation with serum T3. Kidney and heart CoQ9 levels did not significantly change in hyperthyroid rats, but those in hypothyroid rats showed a tendency to increase. It was suggested that the synthesis of CoQ9 was increased in the liver in hyperthyroidism. PMID- 6510890 TI - Changes of plasma lipids and lipoprotein levels during danazol treatment for endometriosis. AB - Previous data of lipid and lipoprotein level changes with the application of danazol, an isoxazol derivative of 17-alpha-ethinyl testosterone, have been conflicting. We measured cholesterol, triglycerides, low density lipoproteins and high density lipoproteins, estradiol and progesterone in 62 patients treated for endometriosis with danazol 600 mg daily. The fasting blood samples were taken before, every month during danazol medication, and 4, 12 and 24 weeks after cessation of therapy. Inconsistent changes in total cholesterol and triglyceride levels were observed. The data showed a constant, though not significant increase of the mean LDL levels. Plasma HDL decreased approximately 45% during the first two months of danazol influence and remained constantly low for the rest of the treatment. The atherogenic ratio (LDL:HDL) was doubled by-danazol. Five patients developed a reversible type IIa hyperlipoproteinemia. The plasma levels of estradiol decreased, but showed normal midfollicular values during the treatment period. In contrast, the plasma levels of progesterone fell significantly and were sometimes undetectable. These findings demonstrate an atherogenic potential of danazol, especially when long term treatment is taken into consideration. PMID- 6510891 TI - Prolactin as a marker of dopaminergic activity at different levels of thyroid function in man. AB - To investigate the hypothesis of an altered dopaminergic activity in hypothyroidism, seven patients without thyroid tissue were studied by means of three consecutive tests: an iv bolus of TRH (200 micrograms); a continuous iv infusion (5 mg during 30 min) of metoclopramide (MCP); and a second, post-MCP, iv bolus of TRH (200 micrograms). The study was performed three times: (A) without treatment; (B) on the 15th day while on L-T4 (150 micrograms i.d.); and (C) on the 30th day with the same treatment. Each time was a different situation of thyroid function; on the basis of basal serum TSH (P less than 0.001, A vs B vs C). The response of PRL to the first (non-primed) TRH, expressed as the sum of increments in ng/ml (mean +/- SE), was significantly higher in A (659 +/- 155) than in C (185 +/- 61). Individual PRL responses correlated with circulating T3 (P less than 0.02), but not with T4. A significant increase of PRL occurred after MCP in the three situations, but there were no differences among them. Likewise, the responses to the second (MCP-primed) TRH showed no differences. Although there was an expected high correlation (P less than 0.001) between basal TSH and circulating thyroid hormones, the maximal response of TSH to both non-primed and MCP-primed TRH was in B. After MCP, no measurable increase of TSH could be demonstrated at any of the three levels of thyroid function. These results do not support the hypothesis of an altered dopaminergic activity in hypothyroidism.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6510892 TI - A simplified radioimmunoassay for physiologically active angiotensin peptides [(1 8) octa- and (2-8) heptapeptides]. AB - The availability of a sensitive and highly specific rabbit antiserum and the development of a peptide-extraction method employing glass beads permitted the evolution of a rapid reliable radioimmunoassay that measures the sum of the concentration of angiotensin II and its active metabolite, angiotensin III. At a dilution of 1:32,000 the antiserum is capable of measuring 1 fmol (1 pg) of angiotensin II. Cross reactivities of this antiserum, taking angiotensin II as 1.0, are: angiotensin III, 0.75; angiotensin-(3-8) hexapeptide, 0.11; angiotensin I, 0.006; angiotensin-(1-14) tetradecapeptide, 0.0001. The recovery of angiotensin II added to hormone-free plasma was 73 +/- 2% [mean +/- standard deviation (SD), n = 20]. When 0.9 ml of plasma was extracted, the minimal concentration of angiotensin II and III that could be quantified was 4 fmol/ml. When larger volumes of plasma were extracted, sensitivity was enhanced. Plasma blanks were zero. Intra-assay variability was 7.6% SD and interassay variability was 11.7% SD. Angiotensin II and III concentration in venous plasma of normal volunteers on an ad libitum diet was 15 +/- 8 fmol/ml (mean +/- SD, range less than 4 to 35 fmol/ml). The plasma of a patient with primary aldosteronism had an unmeasurable value (less than 4 fmol/ml). Posture, converting enzyme inhibition, and renal artery stenosis resulted in expected changes of angiotensin concentration. PMID- 6510893 TI - Bioassay of HGH: standardization of more economical assay designs. PMID- 6510894 TI - Impaired angiotensin II-induced release of aldosterone in hyperthyroid patients. PMID- 6510895 TI - Leucine-induced hypoglycemia in a family: effect of diphenylhydantoin, oxprenolol, and diazoxide. AB - The present report describes a mother and 2 children with leucine-induced hypoglycemia (LIH). Hypoglycemic episodes following high-protein meals first appeared at age 4-7 months. Leucine-stimulation tests triggered marked hyperinsulinism and hypoglycemia in the children and a milder but abnormal response in the mother. To evaluate the therapeutic effects and to study the mechanism of hyperinsulinism in LIH, the leucine test was repeated under treatment with diphenylhydantoin, oxprenolol (a beta-blocker), and diazoxide. Diazoxide abolished hyperinsulinism; diphenylhydantoin did not affect the response to leucine; and oxprenolol, tested in the mother only, increased hyperinsulinism and hypoglycemia. Our results indicate that LIH is an autosomal dominant disorder; LIH may persist into adulthood with milder clinical symptoms and chemical response to leucine; diazoxide is the treatment of choice in LIH. Considering the effects of the three agents on stimulated release of insulin, it is concluded that leucine triggers hyperinsulinism by a mechanism different from that of glucose and beta-adrenergic receptors. PMID- 6510896 TI - Longitudinal studies of luteal function by salivary progesterone determinations. AB - A 'normal range' for salivary progesterone concentrations has been established using data derived from women who were menstruating regularly and in whom dating of the cycle by accepted criteria was possible. Since these values are in agreement with those in the first 9 days of conception cycles and with those in cycles in which ovulation was confirmed by ultrasonography, they provide a reliable index of progesterone output compatible with fertility. Measurement of daily salivary progesterone values in subfertile women for time spans exceeding 3 months allowed accurate assessment of base-line ovarian activity and of the response to ovulation-induction therapy. Salivary sampling, by allowing collection of frequent samples with a minimum of time, stress and inconvenience, is ideally suited to longitudinal studies of ovarian activity. This sampling regimen is also applicable to the monitoring of progesterone output throughout pregnancy. PMID- 6510897 TI - The response of plasma prolactin to suckling during normal and prolonged lactation in the rat. AB - In dams which had been kept isolated from pups for 8-10 h, the magnitude of the suckling-induced prolactin rise in the plasma was studied in relation to intensity of suckling stimulus and lactational age of the mother. At midlactation the response of prolactin evoked by suckling was enhanced as litter size increased. Suckling of 2 pups induced a greater prolactin rise in dams adjusted to 2 pups than in dams adjusted to 8 pups. Suckling of 8 pups caused a greater prolactin rise in dams which had been adjusted to an 8-pup litter, than in rats with a 2-pup litter. At late and prolonged lactation the rise of prolactin in the plasma induced by the suckling stimulus of 8 pups was significantly lower than at midlactation. Injection of perphenazine after a period of suckling induced a moderate increase of plasma prolactin in dams at midlactation, and a similar increase in dams at late lactation and at day 42 of lactation. It is concluded that in the first half of lactation the number of pups, i.e. the intensity of the suckling stimulus, is an important factor in determining the magnitude of the prolactin response to suckling. The lower response of plasma prolactin to suckling in late lactation is neither caused by a decrease in suckling stimulus from the pups nor by an increase in prolactin clearance; it is probably due to a gradual reduction in prolactin synthesizing and releasing capacity of the pituitary, brought on by a desensitization of the neural or neuroendocrine system to suckling stimuli as lactation proceeds. PMID- 6510898 TI - [Intrinsic oxygen affinity: the primary structure of a ruminantia hemoglobin: methionine in betaNA2 of a pecora, the Northern elk (Alces alces alces)]. AB - The primary structures of the alpha- and beta-chains of hemoglobin from the Northern Elk (Alces alces alces) have been determined. The sequence was compared with the bovine chains. The oxygen affinity regarding the primary structure of the beta-chains is discussed. PMID- 6510900 TI - The psychiatric consultant's approach to elderly fallers. PMID- 6510899 TI - [A new peptide alkaloid from Discaria febrifuga Mart]. AB - On the basis of spectroscopic investigations (1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, UV, IR and MS spectroscopy), elemental analysis and degradation reactions the structure of a new alkaloid discarine G from the bark extract of Discaria febrifuga Mart. is elucidated. PMID- 6510901 TI - Development of an emergency psychiatric treatment unit. AB - The increasing number of deinstitutionalized patients in crisis are placing new demands on general hospital emergency rooms. The authors discuss the approaches used in staffing and operating a psychiatric emergency service at a large general hospital in western Massachusetts. After studying the disposition of patients seen on the service, the authors determined that overnight hospitalization and crisis management could substantially reduce the need for longer hospital admissions. Subsequently a proposal was developed for a seven-bed emergency psychiatric treatment unit to provide brief, intensive psychiatric care for both voluntary and involuntary inpatients. The authors describe the staffing and layout of the unit, and the population to be served. PMID- 6510902 TI - Preventing assaults on a psychiatric inpatient ward. AB - Although appropriate evaluation, management, and treatment of violence-prone patients will tend to reduce the incidence of aggressive acts on a psychiatric ward, such measures are not enough to prevent eruptions of violence. The author discusses several specific preventive steps that staff of psychiatric units can take to reduce the likelihood that assaults will occur: forming and maintaining a social norm against violence, recognizing and managing countertransferential reactions among both staff and patients, ensuring responsible involvement by psychiatrists during violent incidents, thoroughly assessing a patient's potential for assault, and paying prompt attention to the significance of an assault for the involved patient, other patients, and staff. PMID- 6510903 TI - Cross-cultural training for mental health professionals: effects on the delivery of services. AB - The emerging need for culturally appropriate services for ethnic populations has generated several cross-cultural training programs for mental health professionals but little data on how such training affects the delivery of mental health services. An evaluation of the impact of training on the personal and agency caseloads of clinicians and administrators trained at the Cross-Cultural Training Institute for Mental Health Professionals in Miami revealed a significant increase in minority use of services and a significant decrease in minority dropout from services in both caseloads. Cost analyses reinforce the efficacy of cross-cultural training for mental health professionals. PMID- 6510904 TI - Posttraumatic stress disorder in medical personnel in Vietnam. PMID- 6510905 TI - In defense of state hospitals. PMID- 6510906 TI - Treatment refusal. PMID- 6510907 TI - Measuring outcome. PMID- 6510908 TI - Mentally disordered criminals. PMID- 6510909 TI - Prenatal detection of an unstable ring 21 chromosome. AB - An unstable ring chromosome 21 detected through prenatal studies was associated at birth with an apparently normal male phenotype. At 14 months of age, examination indicated only minor developmental delay. The majority of cells examined from amniocyte, fibroblast, and lymphocyte cultures contained an asymmetrical dicentric ring 21 chromosome which was larger than a normal chromosome 21. This ring is presumed to be a duplication for most of chromosome 21 and a deletion of part of the terminal regions. The karyotype is described as mos45,XY,-21/46,XY,r(21)(p13q22.3). The child is monosomic for part of the sub band 21q22.3 in every cell and trisomic for the remainder of the chromosome in most of his cells. The terminal deletion does not appear to have been severely detrimental to the phenotype and the effective trisomy present in many cells studied was insufficient to cause the Down syndrome. PMID- 6510910 TI - alpha-Thalassemia among sickle cell anemia patients in various African populations. AB - We have studied the incidence of alpha-thalassemia in normal and SS individuals from Senegal, Benin, Upper Volta, and Central Republican Africa. The alpha thal gene frequency is not significantly different in the controls from the various populations and in the SS patients from Senegal. In contrast it is compatible with increased survival of SS patients in Benin, Upper Volta. The data suggest epistatic effects of other factors in the Senegalese population. PMID- 6510912 TI - Fetal mortality at the time of chorionic villi sampling. AB - To estimate the background fetal loss rates among women who might be candidates for chorionic villi sampling (CVS) for prenatal diagnosis, we examined the frequency of spontaneous abortion and of non-viable fetuses in two groups of women thought to be pregnant at 8-12 weeks' gestation. Among 1519 women over 35 years given an appointment for amniocentesis 1978-1981, 9.8% had a spontaneous abortion prior to 16 weeks' gestation. For those under observation before week 12, the loss rate by 16 weeks was 15.3%. Among all 190 candidates for elective termination of pregnancy between 6 and 12 weeks' gestation, 12.6% were found to have a non-viable fetus at the scheduled date of abortion. The frequency of non viability was 14% among those seen before week 12. The data suggest that the background loss rate between the time of CVS and the time of amniocentesis is approximately 1-2% and is unlikely to be higher than 9%. Until randomized clinical trials of the procedure are completed we will not know how much, if at all, the loss rate associated with CVS is increased above this background. Nevertheless, knowledge of these background risk estimates may be useful in counseling women considering participating in trials of CVS. PMID- 6510911 TI - Aspects of sickle cell gene in Saudi Arabia--interaction with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency. AB - Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD) deficiency and sickle cell haemoglobin (Hb S) are red cell genetic abnormalities that occur at a high frequency in several areas of the world including several areas of Saudi Arabia. Genetic and clinical interactions between these two disorders are reported to occur in some populations. In the present investigations, samples from affected individuals were studied for the prevalence of G-6-PD deficiency and Hb S genes. The results of haematological parameters and common clinical findings in the Hb S homozygotes with and without G-6-PD deficiency are presented and the possibility that the two conditions interact beneficially is discussed. PMID- 6510913 TI - Homozygosity for fragile site at 17p12 in a 28-year-old healthy man. AB - In a family two heterozygous children and a homozygous phenotypically normal father with a fragile site at 17p12 were discovered. This observation confirms the opinion that even homozygosity for this fragile site is phenotypically harmless. PMID- 6510914 TI - Verification of Lyon's hypothesis in fragile X carriers. PMID- 6510915 TI - Yqs in an American family of Scottish descent. PMID- 6510916 TI - School health education in the United States. PMID- 6510917 TI - School health education in Brazil. PMID- 6510918 TI - Socio-economic factors and school health education in Greece. PMID- 6510919 TI - [In France, school health education]. AB - Since 1976 health education has been incorporated in most school programmes at various levels, from the kindergarten (3 years) to the end of high school (16 years). In kindergarten and at primary level health education belongs to a series of activities called d'eveil meant to sharpen the interest of the child in the social, cultural and artistic fields. At secondary level, health education, though not an autonomous discipline, is usually incorporated in courses of natural sciences or biology. There are also specific health education activities when an entire form spends a month by the sea shore or in the mountains. To help teachers in their task the French Committee for Health Education produces every year teaching material specially conceived for different age groups. The main subjects dealt with concern oral health, the prevention of home accidents, nutrition, smoking control and the promotion of health. The various activities of the French Committee for Health Education have revealed new needs which concern the training of teachers, change in mentality and improved coordination. PMID- 6510920 TI - School health education in Hungary. PMID- 6510921 TI - [The teacher's role in the health protection of students in Spain]. AB - The teacher's role is very important to protect the health of schoolboys and girls. The teacher can act at two levels. First, as health educator because of his training in community health, second, as a "sanitary supervisor" in cooperation with the school health services for the early detection of a number of problems. PMID- 6510922 TI - Schools in Australia. The context for health education. PMID- 6510923 TI - Six years with W.H.O. in international school health education programmes. PMID- 6510924 TI - [An information program on child health]. AB - Description of a Programme started in 1979. Its aim is to deliver reliable, scientifically established and target-oriented information. It comprises two activities. a) The preparation and diffusion of documents, the Technical Reviews (TRs) adjusted to the needs of 4 groups of users: physicians and university level workers; primary care workers; policy makers; mass media specialists. The TRs deal with major child health problems. They are in French, English and Spanish and can be freely circulated, translated and reproduced. b) The organisation of joint health and mass media specialists meetings (five have been held: two in Africa, two in Asia and one in Latin America). The methods used to develop the Programme and its future are considered. PMID- 6510925 TI - Recent developments in social marketing and their implications for international public health education. PMID- 6510926 TI - Short-term changes in eyestrain of VDU users as a function of age. PMID- 6510927 TI - Revising documents with text editors, handwriting-recognition systems, and speech recognition systems. PMID- 6510928 TI - Text-editing performance with partial-line, partial-page, and full-page displays. PMID- 6510929 TI - An information transmission analysis of signal flash rate discriminability. PMID- 6510930 TI - Estimating the recombination frequency for the MN and the Ss loci. AB - Linkage analysis of 146 informative families for MN and Ss resulted in an estimate of the recombination frequency greater than previously reported. Our total is 7 recombinant children out of 467 individuals, including 1 confirmed recombinant (retested and HLA-compatible) and 6 not verified. The 95% confidence interval of our estimate of recombination is 0.0033-0.0167. Our results are compared with two earlier studies. PMID- 6510931 TI - Changes in the heritability components of anthropometric characters due to preselection and environment during migration. AB - Changes in the genetic and environmental components of the phenotypic variance of 20 morphological characters were studied in Mexican migrant and sedentary populations. As far as the changes in variance components and the average values of traits were concerned, it was found that some traits were subjected to different forms of selection pressure, some changed within the limits of the norm reaction, and some remained unchanged. PMID- 6510932 TI - Spatial distribution of the gene for infantile genetic agranulocytosis. AB - Evidence is presented for a single founder for infantile genetic agranulocytosis in Sweden. The likely place of origin is the parish of Overkalix in northern Sweden. Estimates are also given for the number of generations since the appearance of the founder. PMID- 6510933 TI - Frequencies of atypical serum cholinesterase in a mixed population of northeastern Brazil. AB - Frequencies of the CHE1*A allele were estimated in 84 Whites and 772 Negroids from a random sample of Salvador, Bahia. The overall frequency of this gene in Negroids was estimated as 0.842 +/- 0.233%. This indicates that this sample presents around 50 +/- 17% of White admixture and that the estimate of the risk of developing prolonged apnoea in individuals submitted to suxamethonium is around 0.035%, that is about 1 out of 2,900. PMID- 6510934 TI - Frequencies of atypical serum cholinesterase among Caucasians and Negroes from southern Brazil. AB - Frequencies of the CHE1*A allele were estimated on the basis of a sample of 999 Caucasians (1.5%) and 1,015 Negroids (0.84%) from Curitiba, Brazil. The frequency found in the Negroid subsample allows an estimate of 50 +/- 15% of Caucasoid admixture and an average gene flow in the white-black direction of the order of 5.6% per generation. PMID- 6510935 TI - Mitochondrial malic enzyme polymorphism among different ethnic groups in Singapore. AB - Mitochondrial malic enzyme (EC 1.1.1.40; MEM) was examined by starch-gel electrophoresis on post-mortem brain samples from 453 unrelated subjects of either sex comprising 161 Chinese, 150 Indians and 113 Malays and 29 from other racial groups. The estimated gene frequencies of MEM1 were found to be 0.7111, 0.6100 and 0.6769 in Chinese, Indians and Malays, respectively. No significant deviation from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium was observed in Chinese and Malays. However, there was a significant deviation with a deficiency of heterozygotes among Indians. MES did not show any polymorphism. PMID- 6510936 TI - Platelet count and mean platelet volume in an Algerian population indicating a low prevalence of Mediterranean macrothrombocytopenia. AB - Platelet count was 225 X 10(9)/l in 225 healthy male Algerians and 263 X 10(9)/l in 208 females. The mean platelet volume was 9.15 fl in the males and 9.30 in the females. The figures agree with those obtained in a British and an American population, but differed from those of an Australian population of immigrants from Mediterranean countries, essentially Italy and Greece. The prevalence of Mediterranean thrombocytopenia must therefore be low in Algeria. PMID- 6510937 TI - T cell receptors and genes. PMID- 6510938 TI - Joint annual conference of the Cardiological Society of India and the Association of the Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgeons of India. Hyderabad, 8-11 November 1984. Abstracts. PMID- 6510939 TI - Serum copper and zinc levels in patients with solid tumours. PMID- 6510941 TI - Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. A report of eight cases. PMID- 6510940 TI - A clinicopathological appraisal of treatment, complications and recurrence in giant-cell tumour of bone. PMID- 6510942 TI - Carcinogenic effect of very low doses of antenatal ionizing radiation. PMID- 6510943 TI - Incidence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in oral cancer and carcinoma of uterine cervix. PMID- 6510944 TI - [Molecular basis for the pathogenicity of S. aureus alpha-toxins]. AB - Staphylococcal alpha-toxin is produced by most strains of S. aureus and is considered a major pathogenic factor of these bacteria. The toxin is produced as a water-soluble molecule of MW 34000. Binding to a membrane target is accompanied by the formation of ring-structured hexamers with outer and inner diameters of 10 and 2-3 nm, respectively. The toxin rings carry lipid-binding surfaces that allow for insertion into and firm embedment within the membrane. Small transmembrane channels are thus generated that can induce a variety of pathological cellular changes. Large doses of toxin will generally cause cell lysis and death. However, sub-cytolytic toxin doses can also elicit major pathophysiological reactions. When introduced into the circulation of an isolated and perfused rabbit lung, the toxin causes steep rises in the pulmonary artery pressure, and lung edema results as a consequence of increases in vascular permeability occurring in parallel. These processes are the result of the activation of the arachidonic acid cascade by alpha-toxin in the lung. Studies using cultured endothelial cells as targets subsequently led to a hypothesis that would explain how membrane channel formation by a toxin could be linked to the observed arachidonic acid cascade activation. In essence, we propose that the toxin pores serve as non physiological calcium channels, and that calcium influx triggers the observed reactions. It is probable that many other pathophysiological processes including inflammatory tissue reactions derive from such secondary effects of toxin action.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6510945 TI - Extracellular cytolysis by activated macrophages: studies with macrophages on permeable membranes. AB - Mouse peritoneal macrophages were allowed to adhere to discs cut from permeable membranes, then activated by incubation in lymphokine-rich supernates from ConA stimulated spleen cells. Such filter-borne cultures of activated macrophages (AM) were cytotoxic for various target cells (Tc). The kinetics of the cytotoxic process could be monitored by removal of the filter-bound AM after increasing times of contact with Tc. Using 3 assay procedures to assess macrophage cytotoxicity, i.e. chromium-51 release, thymidine incorporation, and cloning inhibition, most of the damage to Tc was found to occur within 30 min to 2 h of interaction between the two cell types. The kinetics of the cytolytic effect were similar, whether Tc were in direct contact with AM or separated by the filter; thus cytotoxicity appeared to be mediated by a highly diffusible compound. Supernates of AM incubated with Tc for 1 to 4 h, but not of AM incubated alone, were toxic for Tc, suggesting that Tc provide a signal to AM, in the absence of which toxic intermediates fail to be released. Addition of catalase or peroxidase considerably reduced Tc destruction by AM, indicating that oxygen metabolites might play a role as mediators of AM cytotoxicity in the present experimental model. PMID- 6510946 TI - Stimulatory effect of Propionibacterium granulosum KP-45, glucan and pyran copolymer on the activity of natural killer (NK) cells in murine lungs. AB - Propionibacterium granulosum KP-45, glucan and pyran copolymer stimulated the elimination of 75Selenomethionine-labelled 3LL tumor cells from murine lungs, as measured 4 hr after intravenous injection of these cells into 16- to 25-week-old B6DF1 mice. This effect was most pronounced 4 to 6 days following intravenous administration of the above biological response modifiers and disappeared 6 to 8 days later. Intraperitoneal injection of all three agents produced only insignificant stimulation results. Spontaneous clearance of 3LL cells from lungs of 8-week-old B6DF1 mice was significantly more effective than in animals over 16 weeks old. Cyclophosphamide suppressed the elimination of tumor cells from lungs in both young and older mice and neutralized the stimulatory effect of P. granulosum KP-45 and glucan. The results suggest that the effector cells responsible for the clearance of radiolabelled 3LL cells from lungs of B6DF1 mice are at least similar to natural killer (NK) lymphocytes. PMID- 6510947 TI - Relationship between natural killer (NK) cells and interferon (IFN) alpha producing cells in human peripheral blood. Studies with a monoclonal antibody with specificity for human natural killer cells. AB - The relationship between NK active and IFN alpha-producing cells in human peripheral blood was studied with a monoclonal antibody with specificity for NK cells (anti-Leu11b). Removal of Leu11b antigen expressing leukocytes with antibody-mediated complement-dependent lysis resulted in a marked reduction of NK activity. In contrast, the depletion of Leu11b positive cells did not affect the production of IFN alpha in response to influenza A/X31 virus, Corynebacterium parvum, or Molt 4 human leukemic cells. The results indicate that NK activity and synthesis of IFN alpha are mediated by different leukocyte subpopulations. The findings further suggest that the augmentation of the cytotoxic activity of NK cells by IFN may not be the consequence of positive self-regulation, but rather of cellular cooperation. PMID- 6510948 TI - 16th meeting of the Society of Immunology. November 15-17, 1984, Baden, Vienna. Abstracts. PMID- 6510949 TI - Influence of L-Tocopherol on psoralen photosensitization in mice. PMID- 6510950 TI - [Chromium and detergents. Atomic absorption spectrophotometry]. PMID- 6510951 TI - [Epidemiology and clinical aspects of Microsporum canis dermatophytosis in the province of Florence]. PMID- 6510952 TI - [Trichophyton rubrum dermatophytosis in the Province of Florence]. PMID- 6510953 TI - [A case of "18p syndrome" associated with a recurrent impetigo of the scalp. Clinical, cytogenetic and immunopathologic study]. PMID- 6510954 TI - [Lewandoswsky and Lutz epidermodysplasia verruciformis]. PMID- 6510955 TI - [Scleredema adultorum associated with diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 6510956 TI - [Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans with pulmonary and lymph node metastasis. Description of a case and review of the literature]. PMID- 6510957 TI - [Suffused ecchymosis of the palate caused by fellatio]. PMID- 6510958 TI - [Propolis: incidence of hypersensitization in an at risk population]. PMID- 6510959 TI - [Chronic migratory erythema: Lyme disease?]. PMID- 6510960 TI - Immunomodulating effects of caffeine (1,3,7-trimethylxanthine) in rodents. PMID- 6510961 TI - Potentiation of radiation response of a mouse fibrosarcoma by phenothiazine drugs. PMID- 6510962 TI - Screening of Indian plants for biological activity: Part X. PMID- 6510963 TI - Estriol-induced changes in ovary and oviduct of the domestic pigeon Columbia livia Gmelin. PMID- 6510964 TI - In vivo sister chromatid exchanges in amphibia--a convenient model for mutagenicity bioassay. PMID- 6510965 TI - Studies on an immunoglobulin-like component in chicken serum. PMID- 6510966 TI - Effect of seasonal variations on hormone levels of follicular fluid of sheep ovarian follicles. PMID- 6510967 TI - Effect of epididymal administration of Freund's complete adjuvant on autoimmune response to spermatozoa in vasectomized rats. PMID- 6510969 TI - Effect of removal of intra-follicular yolk on follicular hierarchy and ovulation in hens. PMID- 6510968 TI - Pattern of ovarian and uterine carbohydrate metabolism during induced antiimplantation by (+)gossypol. PMID- 6510971 TI - A simple colorimetric procedure for estimation of citric acid in urine. PMID- 6510970 TI - Metabolism of hepatic lipids in alloxan diabetes. PMID- 6510972 TI - Mastomys natalensis: a new animal model for Mycobacterium ulcerans research. PMID- 6510973 TI - Studies on inhibition of androgen formation: testosterone synthesis by 5-thio-D glucose treated mice testes. PMID- 6510974 TI - Proton spin-lattice relaxation studies and elemental analysis of human lymph nodes afflicted with lymphoma. PMID- 6510975 TI - A study of dopaminergic mechanism in morphine induced Straub tail response. PMID- 6510976 TI - Effects of some antimicrobial agents on neuromuscular blocking activity of chandonium iodide. PMID- 6510977 TI - Effect of cysteine supplementation on lanthanum chloride induced alterations in the antioxidant defence system of chick liver. PMID- 6510978 TI - Effects of meal-time restriction on water intake in rats. PMID- 6510979 TI - Alterations in L-triiodothyronine aminotransferase activity in hypothyroid rats- effects of administrations of iodobenzene and L-thyroxine. PMID- 6510980 TI - Bronchogenic carcinoma in the young. PMID- 6510981 TI - Clinical spectrum and patterns of air-flow obstruction in bronchial asthma amongst adult Indians. PMID- 6510982 TI - Lower lung field tuberculosis: an evaluation of bronchofiberscopy in bacteriological diagnosis. PMID- 6510983 TI - Chronic bronchitis and respiratory function impairment in Chutta smokers (reverse smoking). PMID- 6510984 TI - Bronchogenic carcinoma in the young adults, below the age of 35 yrs. PMID- 6510985 TI - Ribonuclease at pH5 in malignant pleural effusion. PMID- 6510986 TI - Study of pollen allergy in Kolhapur during monsoon. PMID- 6510987 TI - Membranous septal aneurysm following V.S.D. closure. PMID- 6510988 TI - Carcinoid tumor of lung with haemorrhagic pleural effusion and extensive metastasis. PMID- 6510989 TI - Spontaneous vagal mediated atypical AV nodal Wenckebach block. PMID- 6510990 TI - Tracheal obstruction from a malignant growth--secondary or primary? PMID- 6510991 TI - Serum immunoglobulins in cases of pulmonary tuberculosis. PMID- 6510992 TI - Antitumor drugs in inoperable lung cancer. PMID- 6510993 TI - Genetic polymorphism of the sixth component of complement (C6) in mice. AB - Immunofixation after isoelectric focusing revealed two forms of mouse C6, C6A and C6M, both of which consist of two major protein bands and one or more acidic minor bands. They were distinguishable by their different isoelectric point (pI) ranges: C6M has more acidic pI ranges (pH less than 6.2) than C6A (pH less than 6.3). C6A was found in common inbred mice of Mus musculus domesticus, while C6M was found in inbred and wild mice of M. m. molossinus (Japanese wild mice, an Asian subspecies). Breeding experiments showed that these two forms of C6 were controlled by a single codominant autosomal locus. We propose the designation C-6 for this locus with two alleles, C-6a and C-6m, which encode for C6A and C6M, respectively. Linkage analysis indicated that the locus is not closely linked to the following loci: Idh-1, agouti, Amy-1, brown, Gpd-1, Mup-1, Pgm-2, Pgm-1, albino, Hbb, Es-1, Mod-1, Sep-1, Es-3, Igh-1, beige, Es-10, Sod-1, and C-3. PMID- 6510994 TI - C4 polymorphism in the dog: molecular heterogeneity of the C4 alpha and C4 gamma subunit chains. AB - Using an immunoblotting technique and goat antihuman C4, we observed five distinct electrophoretic variants of C4 in a panel of 60 random dogs. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis of immunoprecipitated C4 showed that dog C4 is composed of three polypeptide subunit chains (alpha, beta, and gamma) and that structural variability occurs within the alpha- and gamma-chain regions. Two distinct molecular weight forms of both the C4 alpha- (alpha A and alpha B) and C4 gamma- (gamma A and gamma B) chain were detected. The variant forms of C4 alpha and C4 gamma were found in association with particular C4 allotypes. PMID- 6510995 TI - A monomorphic HLA-specific monoclonal antibody, W6/32, reacts with the H-2Db molecule of normal mouse lymphocytes. PMID- 6510996 TI - B10.RIII(71NS)SnA congenic line apparently retains an RIII derived allele at Ly-6 locus. PMID- 6510997 TI - Colicin production & coexistence of Col+ plasmid with R-plasmid in Salmonellae. PMID- 6510998 TI - Control of Brugia malayi filariasis with common salt medicated with DEC in some hill-tribe settlements of Kerala. PMID- 6510999 TI - Comparison of microscopic & culture findings in the diagnosis of chlamydial urethritis. PMID- 6511000 TI - Cyclical variations in ovarian neoplastic mucins. PMID- 6511001 TI - Cerebrospinal fluid & serum sialic acid levels in pyogenic meningitis. PMID- 6511002 TI - Severity of nephropathy & steroid resistance in focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. PMID- 6511004 TI - Reliability of information provided by the alcoholics. PMID- 6511003 TI - Health hazards in pesticide formulators exposed to a combination of pesticides. PMID- 6511005 TI - Diagnostic significance of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid analysis in bilateral diffuse lung disease. PMID- 6511006 TI - Proteus infections with reference to proteocine typing. PMID- 6511007 TI - Lymphocyte proliferation & intestinal absorptive functions in mice infected with Giardia lamblia. PMID- 6511008 TI - An effective intervention to reduce the prevalence of anaemia in children. PMID- 6511009 TI - Anabolic steroids in aplastic anaemia. PMID- 6511010 TI - Ectopic secretion of human chorionic gonadotropin by gynaecological tumours. PMID- 6511011 TI - Use of monoclonal antibodies to define peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets in systemic connective tissue diseases. PMID- 6511012 TI - Effect of mustard & peanut oil on regression of experimentally induced aortic & coronary atherosclerosis of monkeys. PMID- 6511013 TI - Efficacy of a commercial rat feed & three other constituted diets in sustaining the body growth of rats. PMID- 6511014 TI - Preparation of granulocyte concentrates from the buffy layer of individual units of blood. PMID- 6511015 TI - Absorption of acetylcholine in the intestine & the eye. PMID- 6511016 TI - Reproducibility of maximal oxygen uptake in silicotic subjects who are co operative. PMID- 6511017 TI - Immunoglobulins in gastric aspirate before & after oral cimetidine in certain gastric lesions in acid secretors. PMID- 6511018 TI - In vitro study of antimicrobial activity of adhatoda vasika Linn. (leaf extract) on gingival inflammation--a preliminary report. PMID- 6511019 TI - Isolation of S. sundsvall var. 025 negative (1, 6, 14: z, e, n, x) for the first time in India. PMID- 6511020 TI - Morbidity pattern in an urban slum of Nagpur. PMID- 6511021 TI - Rocket immunoelectrophoresis for the rapid quantitation of plasma fibrinogen. PMID- 6511022 TI - Primary carcinomas of renal pelvis. (A follow up study). PMID- 6511023 TI - Fatal ECHO virus 11 infection in one of newborn twins. PMID- 6511024 TI - Significance and comparison of blood, nasal secretion and mucosal eosinophilis in nasal allergy. PMID- 6511025 TI - Detection of Salmonella typhi antigens by slide coagglutination in urine from patients with typhoid fever. PMID- 6511026 TI - Aerobic actinomycetes from water. PMID- 6511027 TI - Epithelial tumours of ciliary body. (Report of two cases). PMID- 6511028 TI - Aspiration biopsy of peripheral lesions of lung. PMID- 6511030 TI - Oncocytoma of the parotid gland: report of two cases with comprehensive review of literature. PMID- 6511029 TI - S. amager (3,10:y:1,2): a new Salmonella serotype isolated for the first time in India. PMID- 6511031 TI - Syndrome of the sea-blue histiocyte (a report of 2 cases). PMID- 6511032 TI - Malakoplakia of genitourinary system (a report of four cases). PMID- 6511033 TI - Disinfectants and their level of action. PMID- 6511034 TI - Serum protein bound hexosamine in cardiovascular disorders. PMID- 6511035 TI - Diarrhoea associated with Campylobacter jejuni and its biotype coli in Calcutta. PMID- 6511036 TI - Massive ovarian oedema (a case report). PMID- 6511037 TI - Hemoglobinopathies in childhood (a study of 51 cases). PMID- 6511038 TI - Some biological properties of Synadenium grantil lectin. PMID- 6511039 TI - Sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy. PMID- 6511040 TI - Syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (SIADH). PMID- 6511041 TI - National policy on endemic goitre--harbinger of national policy on nutrition. PMID- 6511042 TI - Single dose tetanus toxoid--a review of trials in India with special reference to control of tetanus neonatorum. PMID- 6511044 TI - Disseminated non-tuberculous mycobacteriosis due to atypical type II-Mycobacteria gordonoe. PMID- 6511045 TI - Choice of antibiotics for serious infections in children. PMID- 6511043 TI - Fetal growth: relationship with maternal anthropometry, hemoglobin and serum albumin status. PMID- 6511046 TI - Pyo-pericarditis in children. PMID- 6511047 TI - Neonatal mortality pattern in rural based medical college hospital. PMID- 6511048 TI - Spectrum of poisonings among children in Afghanistan. PMID- 6511049 TI - Effect of aspirin on renal and hepatic function in children suffering from juvenile rheumatoid arthritis and rheumatic fever. PMID- 6511050 TI - Childhood intracranial neoplasms: supra versus infratentorial location. PMID- 6511051 TI - Computerised tomography (CT) and electroencephalography (EEG) in the immediate evaluation of term infants with symptomatic birth asphyxia. PMID- 6511052 TI - Bronchial asthma in children. PMID- 6511053 TI - Hypersensitivity pneumonitis due to cotton dust in Indian children. PMID- 6511054 TI - Aerobiological studies in India in relation to allergy. PMID- 6511055 TI - A British view of acute respiratory infections in children. PMID- 6511056 TI - Recurrent meningitis in a child. PMID- 6511057 TI - Partial deletion of the long arm of chromosome 11 the Jacobsen syndrome. PMID- 6511058 TI - Congenital ichthyosis: report of two cases of hariequin ichthyosis. PMID- 6511059 TI - The effects of acute oesophageal distension on arterial blood pressure, E.C.G. and respiration in dog. AB - Anginal pain is a common clinical finding during cardiospasm or during pneumatic dilatation of oesophagus to relieve cardiospasm. Thus the present work was taken up to find out any relationship between the oesophagus and the cardiovascular system during experimental distension of the oesophagus in dogs. Pneumatic distension of oesophagus was done in anaesthetised dogs and its effects on arterial blood pressure, E.C.G. and respiration were studied. A fall in arterial blood pressure was observed in almost all dogs during distension. E.C.G. changes like a reduction in the 'R' wave voltage, absence of 'R' wave and a shift in the isoelectric line were observed also during distension. Moreover, oesophageal distension produced a transient apnoea in almost all animals and they seemed to be in a respiratory distress. When the distension was continued, the arterial blood pressure instead of remaining low, came back to the control or even higher level inspite of the presence of distension. Bilateral vagotomy did not abolish the hypotensive effect and E.C.G. changes but abolished the increase of blood pressure during the later part of distension. The cardiovascular changes were considered to be of a reflex nature and besides the vagi, the sympathetics seem to play an important role in this. PMID- 6511060 TI - Serum CPK levels in schizophrenics and their first degree relatives. AB - Blood samples of 20 schizophrenic patients, 20 of their first degree relatives and 43 normal subjects, both male and female, were taken and serum CPK estimation was done by using colorimetric sigma procedure. The schizophrenics and their 1st degree relatives had shown a significantly higher mean +/- S.D. CPK levels of 31.25 +/- 21.6 and 16.15 +/- 4.7 Sigma Units respectively as compared to 11.16 +/ 3.38 Sigma Units in normals (Cal. t = 5.73, tab. t = 1.65 at df = 61 and P less than 05). A significant difference between the CPK levels of male and female of the three groups was found (P less than .05). The males of normal, Schizophrenics and 1st degree relatives had significantly higher mean +/- S.D. CPK levels of 12.65 +/- 3.05, 47.4 +/- 18.73 and 19.5 +/- 1.93 Sigma Units respectively as compared to levels of 9.45 +/- 2.94, 15.10 +/- 4.33 and 12.71 +/- 2.47 sigma units in females of the corresponding three groups (P less than .05). Males of the patients and 1st degree relatives had shown higher levels than the females. A highly significant and positive correlation was found between the mean serum CPK levels of Schizophrenic patients and their 1st degree relatives (Correlation coefficient (gamma yx) = 0.79). PMID- 6511061 TI - Transamination and glutamate deamination in Rana hexadactyla during induced ammonia toxicity. AB - Glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) and the transaminases namely aspartate aminotransferase (AAT) and alanine aminotransferase (AIAT) were estimated in the muscle, liver, kidney, and brain of control and ammonium acetate administered frogs. The results indicated tissue specific responses during induced ammonotoxemia. The inherent endogenous ammonia production decreased in all the tissues. 2-Keto glutarate production appears to be the other main adaptive feature as a result of slightly stepped up transdeamination patterns. PMID- 6511062 TI - Status of platelet functions in volunteers of various blood groups: effect of aspirin. AB - Platelet functions (platelet aggregation and adhesiveness) were studied in volunteers of different blood groups. The platelet aggregation time was found to be significantly (P less than 0.01) more in blood group O as compared A, B and AB blood groups. Similarly, platelet adhesive index was higher in A, B and AB blood groups when compared to that of blood group O. The administration of a single dose of aspirin (4 mg/kg, po) increased the platelet aggregation time and reduced the platelet adhesive index in all the blood groups. PMID- 6511063 TI - Tissue sensitivity to acetylcholine, adrenaline, noradrenaline and serotonin and agents acting on sulphydryl groups. AB - Parachloromercury benzoate (PCMB), a sulphydryl inactivator, caused a progressively increasing inhibition of tissue responses to acetylcholine, adrenaline, noradrenaline and serotonin in vitro. This inhibition was progressively and completely reversed by penicillamine, a sulphydryl activator. It is inferred that intact sulphydryl groups are essential for constancy of responses of excitable tissues to the neurotransmitters. PMID- 6511064 TI - Prevalence of hypocalcaemia and hypophosphataemia in the elderly males in Haryana. AB - Concentrations of serum calcium and inorganic phosphate and serum alkaline phosphatase activity have been determined in 75 males over the age of 60 years and 40 young adult controls. Serum calcium and inorganic phosphate levels were significantly lower in the elderly group. Serum calcium-inorganic phosphate product was below 30 in 36% of the aged individuals. Serum alkaline phosphatase activity was elevated in one subject only. These results indicate the existence of mild vitamin D deficiency in the elderly males in this region. PMID- 6511066 TI - Prevalence of blood groups in tribals of South Sudan. AB - Prevalence of ABO blood groups and Rhesus-factor in Southern Sudanese is shown in the Study. 42.81% were group A. group AB was the least common. Only 0.47% were negative for RH-factor. PMID- 6511065 TI - Oral epithelial alkaline phosphatase in various phases of menstrual cycle. AB - We report here on the changes in the Alkaline Phosphatase staining reaction in oral mucosa of women in various phases of menstrual cycle. It appears that the highest reaction for alkaline phosphatase is shown just after ovulation (about 15th-16th day of cycle). It is possible to judge the period of ovulation by taking daily smears and staining them for Alkaline phosphatase. PMID- 6511067 TI - Serum aldolase and hexokinase activities in breast carcinoma. AB - Serum aldolase and hexokinase levels were determined in 197 serum samples. There were 152 breast carcinoma cases comprising 26 of group I, 82 of group II and 44 of group III, 25 normal healthy female subjects and 20 benign. Activity of both the enzymes was normal in benign group but significantly higher activities were observed in advanced disease as compared to controls (P less than .001). The enzyme activity levels showed good correlation to the groups of the disease. PMID- 6511068 TI - Effect of bilateral vasectomy on the tissue lipid profiles in albino rats. PMID- 6511069 TI - Electro-cardiographic and serum electrolyte changes during menstrual cycle. PMID- 6511070 TI - An analysis of medicines of undisclosed composition for asthma or rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 6511071 TI - Role of adrenergic and histaminergic systems in clonidine-induced inhibition of the pinnal reflex in mice. PMID- 6511072 TI - Experimental study on rats to find the usefulness of nutritional supplementation to undernourished offspring of parents undernourished life-long. AB - Undernourished parents getting only about half of normal feed requirement and whose body weights were deficient by 40-65% were mated and out of the resulting litters, the medium size (about 8) ones were culled to 8 per dam whose food supply was restricted to 10 g per day during the suckling (category M2). Another category (M3) was constituted out of large (over 12) litters born to similar undernourished parents and culling the litter size to 15 per dam besides restricting the dam's food to only 10 g per day during first week and to 15 g per day during the second and third weeks of suckling. Another category (M1) was constituted like M3 except that the parents were provided with normal, ad libitum nutrition throughout. Effects of post-weaning continuation of undernutrition or of rehabilitation with ad libitum food were studied in M2 groups of pups till 425 days of age. Further, an additional protein-deficient type of undernutrition (M4) was also superimposed in one group of M2 category of pups between day 41 and 60 of age, and then rehabilitated on to normal diet to find the additional effect of this additional load of the protein-malnutrition. The control groups of normal pups were also reared along with the above groups for comparisons. The normal diet had: 22.8% protein, 10.6% fat, 61% carbohydrate, and vitamins and minerals. By 21 days of age, the deficiencies of the M1, M2 and M3 were about 28%, 64% and 77% respectively in body weights, and about 8%, 21% and 30% respectively in brain weights. Continuing the undernutrition after weaning on half of normal feed, the M2 group of males and females stabilized at about 41% and 62% respectively of normal body weights by about 150 days of age. Rehabilitation of M2 or M4 groups by providing ad libitum feed had never recovered their pre-rehabilitation body weight deficits even after the ad libitum feeding for as long as 425 days of age. On the contrary, the brain weights seemed to have partially recovered from the earlier deficits, but here also the general conclusion of permanency of deficits stood unequivocally. The present study affirms that different degrees of gestational, lactational and post-weaning undernutrition can lead to different degrees of growth deficits and that supplemental feeding regimens introduced afterwards cannot bring out recoveries from such previous deficits which seem to remain permanently.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6511074 TI - Status of DPT vaccination programme. PMID- 6511073 TI - Changes in ascorbic acid content and acetylcholinesterase activity in the muscle of frog following sciatectomy. AB - Unilateral-sciatectomy for three months in the frog, Rana cyanophlictis resulted in a substantial increase on unit weight basis in the ascorbic acid (ASA) and dehydroascorbic acid (DHA) contents of the sciatectomized gastrocnemius muscle. Diketogulonic acid (DKA) levels did not vary. On whole muscle-weight basis only the ASA level increased. The AChE activity in sciatectomized muscle is significantly lower than that of the control. Partially purified preparation of the AChE from the sciatectomized muscle showed different kinetics compared to that from innervated control. In vitro additions of ASA in physiological concentration to the enzyme assay medium inhibited the AChE activity significantly and the inhibition was an un-competitive type. Reduced activity of the enzyme has been correlated to the increased concentration of ASA in the sciatectomized muscle. PMID- 6511075 TI - A new bed side technique of bilirubin estimation. PMID- 6511076 TI - Mortality in infants discharged from N.I.C.U. PMID- 6511077 TI - Twinning and structural defects. PMID- 6511078 TI - Sugar intolerance in acute gastroenteritis in infancy and childhood. PMID- 6511079 TI - De Sanctis and Cacchione's syndrome. PMID- 6511080 TI - Robert's syndrome. PMID- 6511081 TI - Carcinoma of thyroid. PMID- 6511082 TI - Pulmonary tuberculoma. PMID- 6511083 TI - Serum copper, zinc, magnesium and calcium in neonates. PMID- 6511084 TI - [Functional liver cell heterogeneity]. AB - Hepatocytes from different subacinar localizations differ not only in their enzyme equipment, but have also different functions in intermediary metabolism. Gluconeogenesis, amino acid breakdown, urea synthesis and oxidative metabolism occur predominantly periportal, whereas glycolysis, glutamine synthesis and drug metabolism are predominantly perivenous. This metabolic zonation is rather dynamic and is influenced by hormones, oxygen-tension, substrate concentrations, circadian rhythms and development. There are metabolic interactions between differently localized hepatocyte populations: the product of one population may serve as the substrate for another. Hepatocyte heterogeneity in ammonia and glutamine metabolism provides new aspects on the pathogenesis of hyperammonemia in severe liver disease. Glutamine is degraded in the periportal area of the acinus, whereas there is a simultaneous resynthesis of glutamine in the perivenous area, resulting in an intercellular glutamine cycle. This provides an effective means for almost complete detoxication of ammonia by urea synthesis. The rate of hepatic bicarbonate elimination is regulated by the intercellular glutamine cycle pointing to the important role of the liver in maintaining pH homeostasis. Such a device also explains the development of an alkalosis in severe liver disease as a consequence of a diminished bicarbonate removal by the liver. PMID- 6511085 TI - [Transfusion-induced acid load caused by erythrocyte concentrates in the newborn]. AB - Erythrocyte concentrates are preferred increasingly to whole-blood transfusions in treatment of neonatal anemias. By means of their application even very important restorations of hematocrit are possible without the risk of fluid overload. A possible side-effect of these erythrocyte suspensions is a transfusion mediated acidosis, which depends on the used buffer solution, temperature and storage conditions before and during use. The case report of a preterm infant with Rh-Erythroblastosis and postpartal shock demonstrates the problem of an additional acidosis caused by the ACD-adenin stabilised erythrocyte concentrate. The impression of a transfusion mediated acidaemia is confirmed by 30 comparative pH-measurements in ACD-adenin and heparin stored erythrocytes. We conclude that erythrocyte transfusions in very ill neonates with severe disturbances of metabolism and reduced organ functions should be done with heparin erythrocyte preparations. PMID- 6511086 TI - White blood cell count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate and serum C-reactive protein in meningitis: magnitude of the response related to bacterial species. AB - White blood cell count (WBC), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and serum C reactive protein (CRP) were determined upon diagnosis of 61 children with bacterial meningitis in order to compare the responses evoked by different bacteria. The age of the patients and the duration of their symptoms were similar in all groups. WBC and ESR corresponded significantly with the bacterial species. The mean WBC in Haemophilus influenzae (n = 44), meningococcal (n = 11) and pneumococcal (n = 6) infection were 14,605/microliters 19,391/microliters and 23,833/microliters, respectively (for H. influenzae and pneumococci p less than 0.001). The mean ESR varied from 58 mm/h (meningococci) to 100 mm/h (pneumococci) (p less than 0.025). CRP was the test least influenced by the nature of the bacteria. The characteristics of CRP suggest its superiority over WBC and ESR as a detector of bacteremic infections. WBC is unsuitable for screening of systemic H. influenzae disease. PMID- 6511087 TI - [Staphylococcus epidermidis causing infections in trauma surgery]. AB - During 27 months at the Tubingen Accident Hospital, Staphylococcus epidermidis could be found in 464 of 1824 bacteriological wound swabs. This normally had to be considered as contamination. However, in at least 69 cases, S. epidermidis alone undoubtedly caused or maintained a fresh or chronic infection of the bone and soft tissue following aseptic orthopedic surgery, whereby the infection was temporarily sustained by S. epidermidis during pathogen change. The findings are demonstrated and compared with the literature. PMID- 6511088 TI - Absorption of erythromycin stearate and enteric-coated erythromycin base after a single oral dose immediately before breakfast. AB - To study the absorption of different preparations of erythromycin in the fasting state, 500 mg stearate (tablets) and 500 mg base (enteric-coated pellets) were given immediately before a standardised breakfast to 24 young, healthy volunteers in an open, random, cross-over trial. The serum peak concentration appeared earlier and was higher after intake of the stearate tablets than after intake of the base pellets; however, there was no difference in the area under the serum concentration vs. time curves (AUC) between the two preparations. The bioavailability of erythromycin stearate in tablet form and of erythromycin base in the form of enteric-coated pellets thus appears comparable when taken on an empty stomach. PMID- 6511090 TI - Ciprofloxacin concentrations in tonsils following a single intravenous infusion. AB - Penetration of ciprofloxacin into human tonsils was studied following an intravenous infusion of 200 mg over 15 minutes to adult humans undergoing tonsillectomy. Samples were taken one-and-a-half to four hours after dosing. Generally, tissue levels exceeded corresponding serum concentrations by 50% (range of intraindividual ratios between tonsil and serum concentrations 100% to 288%). Ciprofloxacin distribution was homogeneous and independent of sampling time. PMID- 6511089 TI - Comparison between two non-absorbable antibiotic regimens for decontamination of the oropharynx. AB - Fourteen healthy individuals were studied regarding the oropharyngeal microflora. Seven subjects were given a non-absorbable multi-drug regimen, consisting of 1% polymyxin B, 3% neomycin and 3% amphotericin B, that was directed against aerobic gram-negative rods and fungi for local decontamination of the oropharynx. Seven others were given another multi-drug regimen consisting of 1% polymyxin B, 1% neomycin, 3% amphotericin B and 0.5% vancomycin, that also included an agent directed against gram-positive bacteria. Both decontamination regimens were found to protect from new colonization with fungi and gram-negative rods in the oropharynx. Suppression of gram-positive cocci was only observed in those subjects receiving the regimen containing vancomycin. PMID- 6511091 TI - A case of Lyme disease with cardiac involvement in the Netherlands. PMID- 6511093 TI - Anaemia in cats. PMID- 6511092 TI - Chloramphenicol-resistant Salmonella tennessee osteomyelitis. PMID- 6511094 TI - Colic: 1. Aetiopathogenesis. PMID- 6511096 TI - First aid for wild birds. PMID- 6511095 TI - Vetting forages for dairy cows. PMID- 6511097 TI - Changes of n-hexane neurotoxicity and its urinary metabolites by long-term co exposure with MEK or toluene. AB - It is well known that the neurotoxicity of n-hexane may be modified upon co exposure with other organic solvents. In order to elucidate this mechanism further, rats were exposed to 500ppm n-hexane, 500ppm n-hexane plus 500ppm methyl ethyl ketone (MEK), 500ppm n-hexane plus 500ppm toluene, or air only for 8h per day for 33 weeks. The body weight, motor nerve conduction velocity (MCV) and distal latency (DL) were determined before exposure and after 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 29, and 33 weeks of exposure. From each group one rat was histologically examined after 33 weeks of exposure. To establish a relationship between the n hexane neurotoxicity and changes in biotransformation, urinary metabolites (2 hexanol, methyl n-butyl ketone (MBK), 2,5-hexanedione, 2,5-dimethylfuran, and gamma-valerolactone) were measured by gas chromatography on the first exposure day, and after 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 29, and 33 weeks of exposure. The total amounts of metabolites of n-hexane in the urine significantly decreased upon co-exposure of n-hexane, with MEK as well as with toluene, in comparison with those of animals exposed to n-hexane alone. 2,5-Hexanedione, which is considered the ultimate neurotoxic metabolite of n-hexane, also decreased. Electrophysiological and histological studies did not reveal statistically significant differences between any two groups among the four groups. It is considered that the present results might explain the combined effects of n hexane and toluene which decrease n-hexane neurotoxicity, but do not explain those of n-hexane and MEK. Therefore, other mechanisms of the combined effects of n-hexane and MEK should be studied. PMID- 6511098 TI - Validity of various function tests performed in Japan as a screening test for vibration syndrome. AB - In Japan, various function tests on the upper extremities are widely performed for the early diagnosis of vibration syndrome. The validity of these function tests was investigated by discriminant function analysis. The correct classification rate of the 120 workers exposed to vibration and the 40 control workers was 83.1%, when including the exposure-to-cold test. Therefore, the function tests were confirmed to be of diagnostic significance as a screening test for vibration syndrome. However, the rate is not sufficient to make a diagnosis only with the function tests. When not including the exposure-to-cold test, the rate was reduced by 10% because insidious functional disorders were missed in the early stage. For the early diagnosis of vibration syndrome, the exposure-to-cold test should be included in the function tests. Furthermore, to enhance the validity of the diagnosis, the results of the function tests should be evaluated together with subjective symptoms and the findings on bones and joints, the central nervous system and the endocrine system. PMID- 6511099 TI - Policemen's physical fitness in relation to the frequency of leisure-time physical exercise. AB - Ninety to ninety-five men (aged 27 to 46 years) from the police academy were the study subjects. Their prior habits of physical exercise, estimated aerobic capacity (VO2max), muscular performance, and thickness of subcutaneous fat were determined. The policemen were taller (181 cm vs 175 cm) and heavier (84 kg vs 74 kg) than the average 20- to 40-year-old Finnish man, and their VO2max (1 X min-1) was higher (3.41 1 X min-1 vs 2.96 1 X min-1). The frequency of prior physical exercise significantly correlated with most of the variables studied. Those policemen who did not exercise at all (n = 12) were inferior to the average 20- to 40-year-old Finnish man on all the physical fitness tests, whereas the results of the most active policemen (n = 23) were clearly higher. The results indicate that the selection of heavier and taller men for police training guarantees a certain absolute level of physical performance capacity. However, the physical activity involved in police work is insufficient to maintain a high level of physical fitness, which must be achieved through participation in regular and effective physical training. PMID- 6511100 TI - Effect of ethanol, cimetidine and propranolol on toluene metabolism in man. AB - In a climatic exposure chamber four healthy volunteers were exposed to 100ppm toluene, 100ppm toluene + ethanol, 100ppm toluene + cimetidine, and 100ppm toluene + propranolol for 7h each at random over four consecutive days. A control experiment and 3.5h of exposure to 200ppm toluene were also performed. Ethanol inhibited toluene metabolism by 0.5 as expressed by the urinary excretion of two of the metabolites of toluene, namely o-cresol and hippuric acid. In agreement with this, the mean alveolar concentration of toluene was greater by 1.7 during ethanol exposure; 45 min after discontinuation of exposure the increase was by 3.3. Neither cimetidine nor propranolol changed toluene metabolism significantly. The results indicate that ethanol may prolong the time interval in which toluene is retained in the human body in persons simultaneously exposed to ethanol and toluene. When using o-cresol or hippuric acid in biological monitoring of persons occupationally exposed to toluene, the consumption of ethanol should be considered. PMID- 6511101 TI - Acrylonitrile: a suspected human carcinogen. AB - The literature on carcinogenicity of acrylonitrile (an important intermediate in the chemical industry) is reviewed. The three main conclusions are: (1) Acrylonitrile has genotoxic effects in various tests in microorganisms and in mammal cells. (2) Chronic exposure to acrylonitrile causes tumours in rats. (3) Results of epidemiological studies indicate that acrylonitrile may be a human carcinogen. From this it is clear that acrylonitrile is very probably carcinogenic to humans. Therefore the authors plead for a reduction of acrylonitrile standards to the lowest practicable limit. PMID- 6511103 TI - Validity of cause of death statements from relatives. AB - In countries where death certificates are inaccessible for various reasons, cause of death statements made by relatives may gain greater importance. The validity of the cause of death of a deceased family member as stated by relatives compared to the underlying cause as stated on the death certificate has been examined in 310 cases. The sensitivity and the rate of confirmation are highest for neoplasms (both 89.6%). For cardiovascular diseases, the sensitivity (70%) is lower than the rate of confirmation (90%), indicating a certain amount of underreporting. The sensitivity is found to be lowest (50%) for diseases of the respiratory system. Violent deaths, on the other hand, were detected in 93.7%, although confirmed for only 75%. Closer relatives were able to report the cause of death more accurately. The time elapsed since the death of the family member, however, did not affect the recall of the relative. The concrete additional information from relatives, especially for cancer cases, is recommended in the absence of other data sources. PMID- 6511102 TI - Influence of coffee on the excretion of noradrenaline and adrenaline in urine. A pilot study for the comparison of two methodical models. AB - In field studies, the excretion rate of urinary catecholamines is very often used as an indicator of strain. Interfering effects which are due to caffeine, for example, can only be quantified if the influence of coffee consumption on the excretion of catecholamines is known quantitatively. This was the aim of our study with five subjects, on five consecutive working days, and with a strict standardization of nutrition. The urine samples were specified with respect to the following parameters: sampling period, volume, urine status, density, creatinine, noradrenaline, and adrenaline. Adrenaline showed a significant correlation with coffee consumption, whereas noradrenaline did not. Moreover, it could be demonstrated that relating the concentration of catecholamines to the creatinine excretion is insufficient for work physiology studies, especially if the urine sampling periods are as short as 2h. PMID- 6511104 TI - Mutagenic/carcinogenic hazards in a cold-rolling steel plant exposed to mineral oils: environmental monitoring phase. AB - A survey was carried out in a cold-rolling steel plant exposed to mineral oils to study the mutagenic/carcinogenic hazards, following a coupled environmental/biological monitoring. The present paper deals only with the environmental phase by determining polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and applying a mutagenicity test (Ames test), and includes the following steps: (a) work process and environment study; (b) sampling and analysing mineral oils before and after use (PAH determination and mutagenicity analysis); (c) sampling and analysing oil mist (TWA determination, PAH determination and mutagenicity analysis). The results showed that: (1) both unused and used (recycled) mineral oils contained only trace amounts of PAH and were not mutagenic; (2) the TWA concentrations of oil mists were lower than the TLV (less than 5 mg/m3); (3) oil mists contained only trace amounts of PAH and were not mutagenic. The authors suggest that these results could be due to the moderate temperature of the oil during the work process and that there is a relationship between low PAH content and absence of mutagenicity in the oils and air samples. PMID- 6511106 TI - The kidney in anesthesia. PMID- 6511105 TI - Urinary disposition of ethylbenzene and m-xylene in man following separate and combined exposure. AB - Four volunteer subjects were exposed to 150ppm (655 mg/m3) of ethylbenzene and 150ppm (655 mg/m3) of m-xylene both separately and in combination. The biotransformation of the solvents was studied on the basis of the metabolites found in the urine. The metabolic conversion of both m-xylene and ethylbenzene proceeded mainly through oxidation of side chains. Ring oxidation seemed to be of minor importance; in the case of ethylbenzene it accounted for 4.0% (combined share of 4-ethylphenol, p- and m-hydroxyacetophenones) and in case of m-xylene for 2.5% (2,4-dimethylphenol), respectively. Mandelic and phenylglyoxylic acids amounted to 90% of the ethylbenzene metabolites, whereas m-xylene were excreted to 97% in the form of m-methylhippuric acid. Almost equimolar amounts in the form of metabolites of both solvents were found in the urine during 24h from the onset of exposure. Most of the ethylbenzene metabolites were excreted at substantially slower rates than those of m-xylene. The combined exposure resulted in a mutual inhibition of the metabolism of ethylbenzene and m-xylene, which was demonstrated by delayed excretion and decreased amounts of metabolites excreted. No sign of alteration in the urinary metabolite patterns of either ethylbenzene or m-xylene could be detected. PMID- 6511107 TI - Basic concepts of renal physiology. PMID- 6511108 TI - Evaluation of renal function. AB - The patient's history, physical examination, and routine urinalysis (including an expert assessment of the urinary sediment) are of paramount importance for the evaluation of a patient with possible renal dysfunction. The four tests most commonly used to establish the presence, extent, and the rate of progression of renal dysfunction are BUN, PCr, CCr, and 24-hour protein excretion. All four tests reflect glomerular function. However, their use to evaluate general renal function is justified by the structural and functional interdependence of tubular and vascular elements of the kidney. PMID- 6511109 TI - The role of the kidney in fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base disorders. PMID- 6511110 TI - Acute renal failure. PMID- 6511111 TI - Effects of anesthesia and surgery on pulmonary mechanisms and gas exchange. PMID- 6511112 TI - Postoperative analgesia and respiratory control. PMID- 6511113 TI - Stimulation of capacitation and the acrosome reaction in ejaculated buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) sperm and the effects of a sperm motility factor. AB - The conditions for stimulation of in vitro capacitation and the acrosome reaction of ejaculated buffalo sperm has been determined. Washed ejaculated sperm were successfully capacitated in BWW medium supplemented with bovine serum albumin (BSA) and a sperm motility factor(s) (SMF(s) isolated from the adrenal glands of rats. The acrosome reaction was induced in capacitated sperm by introducing Ca++ ions (final concentration 5 mM) into the medium. Supplementation of BWW medium with SMF(s) in the presence of BSA significantly increased the percentage of sperm showing capacitation and the acrosome reaction. SMF(s) also significantly increased the percentage motility, the percentage forward motility and maintained a higher percentage of live sperm in BWW medium under the conditions used in this study. The significance of the present findings is discussed. PMID- 6511114 TI - Strain differences in the concentration, motility and morphology of epididymal sperm in relation to puberty in mice. AB - Changes in the concentration, motility and morphology, of epididymal sperm have been evaluated in males of between 40 and 100 days of age in BALB, CBA, C3H and C57BL strains of mice. Particular attention was paid to sperm morphology, and a multiple entry classification system was used for its quantitation. At 40 days in each of the 4 strains studied sperm were few in numbers with poor motility and highly atypical morphology, particularly in the head region. From 80 days of age values for the 3 parameters were within the normal range. At equivalent ages during puberty the 4 strains differed in the concentration and motility of epididymal sperm, indicating difference in the time of onset of puberty between the strains. However, once adulthood was reached the strains differed only in the percentage of normal forms and in the frequency distribution of sperm with the various morphological abnormalities. PMID- 6511115 TI - Evaluation of the morphology of sperm in urine of adolescent boys. AB - The morphology of spermatozoa in the first morning void of boys aged 12-16 years was evaluated. The results suggest that the number of cells having normal morphology increases with advancing age. Thus, the percentage of boys with greater than 45% normal sperm was 26% at the age of 12-13, increasing to 51% at the age of 15-16. PMID- 6511117 TI - A modified method for collection of rete testis fluid from the rat. PMID- 6511116 TI - Sialoglycoproteins of ejaculated human spermatozoa and seminal plasma. AB - Ejaculated human sperm were found to possess three major sialoglycoproteins with molecular weights of 30 000, 14 000 and 12 000 and one minor species of 18 000. Liquefied seminal plasma from normal donors contain two major sialoglycoproteins with molecular weights of 17 000 and 15 000 and two minor species of 70 000 and 54 000. In contrast, the liquefied sperm-free semen of vasectomized men had two major species of sialoglycoproteins of 20 000 and 18 000 daltons plus two minor species of 54 000 and 40 000. PMID- 6511118 TI - Analytical simulation of longitudinal gas mixing in the human central airways. AB - In order to study gaseous mixing in the proximal respiratory airways during stationary breathing, a simple mathematical model with an analytical solution of the corresponding equation is presented. Calculations were carried out by solving the differential equation analytically according to the system response to a unit impulse combined with the convolution method. It seems that this analytical method gives similar results to those obtained by the numerical ones; however, our method is computationally simple and can provide a reasonable tool to study gas transport in the airways. PMID- 6511119 TI - A computer-assisted technique for long-term gastric pH monitoring. AB - A computer-assisted technique for prolonged gastric pH monitoring has been developed using a personal computer. Segments of signal from several studies performed in controls and on patients with duodenal ulcers were chosen for comparison between manual and digital pH readings; no significant difference was detected. In clinical practice this system might provide an additional tool in the diagnostic and therapeutic treatment of peptic ulcer disease. PMID- 6511121 TI - Epilepsy and weather: a significant correlation between the onset of epileptic seizures and specific atmospherics--a pilot study. PMID- 6511122 TI - Abstracts of the twenty-first annual meeting of the Japanese Society of Biometeorology, Sapporo, 4-5 October 1982. PMID- 6511120 TI - The influence of artificial and natural short photoperiods on male Syrian hamsters: reproductive effects. PMID- 6511123 TI - Eutopic expression of placental-like alkaline phosphatase in testicular tumors. AB - Very high levels of placental-like alkaline phosphatases (PLAP-like enzymes) were observed in tissues from 13 typical seminomas. Four tumors with seminoma components contained these enzymes to varying degrees, and other testicular tumors had them in smaller or non-detectable amounts. Analysis using monoclonal antibodies produced against the common placental alkaline phosphatase (PLAP) phenotypes and enzyme inhibition studies with amino acids and peptides showed the PLAP-like enzymes present in seminoma to be similar to those PLAP-like enzymes which are expressed in lower amounts in two embryonal carcinomas and in trace amounts in normal testicular tissue. These similarities suggest that the increased expression of PLAP-like enzymes in seminomas results from enhanced eutopic expression of enzymes found in normal testis. PMID- 6511124 TI - Follow-up study of HBs Ag-positive blood donors with special reference to effect of drinking and smoking on development of liver cancer. AB - In order to confirm the close association between chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and primary hepatocellular carcinoma (PHC) in Japan, 8,646 male hepatitis B surface antigen (HBs Ag)-positive blood donors (GPT less than or equal to 35 Karmen units) were followed up. Twenty liver cancer cases were observed during the follow-up period (average 6.2 years), the expected number calculated on the basis of age-specific incidence rates among the general population being 3.03. Therefore, the observed to expected ratio of liver cancer was 6.60, that is significantly higher than 1.0. During the same follow-up period, a total of 76 deaths were observed, of which 20 were due to liver cancers and 9 to liver cirrhoses, meaning that nearly 40% of deaths among the study subjects due to chronic liver diseases. Drinking and smoking habits in the liver cancer cases were compared with those observed in healthy male HBV carriers. A strong positive association between drinking habits and liver cancer was observed and there was a significant dose-response relationship after adjustment for cigarette smoking habits. A high risk of liver cancer was also observed among heavy smokers, but a significant dose-response relationship could not be found between smoking habits and liver cancer, partly because of the limited number of the study subjects. These findings suggest that HBV is a major etiologic agent of PHC in Japan where the HBs Ag prevalence rate is about 2%, and alcohol drinking and cigarette smoking may promote the process of HB viral hepato-carcinogenesis. PMID- 6511125 TI - Human tumor cell membrane glycoprotein associated with protein kinase activity. AB - A mouse MAb3 50H.19 raised against the human melanoma cell line MEL-T binds to carcinoma cell lines, carcinoma biopsy material, and certain epithelia of normal tissues. It immunoprecipitates two components from carcinoma cell lines, a major component of 22 kd which is O-glycosylated and a minor one of 24 kd which is additionally N-glycosylated. The immunocomplexed 50H.19 antigen exhibits protein kinase activity with substrate-specificity for casein and phosvitin, but not for histones. It phosphorylates on serine and threonine, but not tyrosine residues. Enzyme activity is cyclic AMP-independent. PMID- 6511126 TI - Biochemical characterization of human carcinoma surface antigen associated with protein kinase activity. AB - MAb 50H.19 immunoprecipitates two proteins from lysates of human carcinoma cell lines, and embryonic fibroblasts intrinsically labelled with 3H-leucine, 35S methionine, or a 3H-amino acid mixture; a major component of Mr = 22,000 (22 kd component) and a minor component of Mr = 24,000 (24 kd component). Oligomeric forms of the proteins are not observed under reducing or non-reducing conditions. Both proteins are expressed on the plasma membrane, and are glycoproteins. We investigated the relationship between the proteins in terms of their glycosylation and derivation from precursors. The 22 kd component is O glycosylated as demonstrated by 3H-galactose incorporation, insensitivity to tunicamycin (TM), and its stepwise generation from a 20.5 kd precursor. The 24 kd protein is N-glycosylated, as shown by 3H-mannose incorporation, and by the total inhibition of its synthesis in the presence of TM. Further evidence for its N glycosylation is provided by the appearance of a 23 kd precursor in lysates from the osteogenic sarcoma cell line SKOSC pulse-labelled for 5 min, a time preceding O-glycosylation of the 20.5 kd protein. Furthermore, mild alkali treatment of the immune complex leads to a loss of approximately 1,000 daltons in each glycoprotein confirming the O-glycosylated nature of the 22 kd component, and suggesting that the 24 kd component is additionally O-glycosylated. Both glycoproteins undergo an apparent increase of molecular weight of about 500 daltons when run in the non-reduced form on SDS polyacrylamide gels under standard electrophoretic conditions, suggesting they contain a similar degree of intra-chain disulphide bonding. Confirmatory evidence that the two components share a common polypeptide backbone is provided by the appearance of only the 20.5 kd component in lysates from SKOSC cells pulse-labelled for 5 min in the presence of TM. PMID- 6511127 TI - Tumor-associated macrophages stimulate the proliferation of murine tumor cells surviving treatment with the oncolytic cyclophosphamide analogue Asta Z-7557: in vivo implications. AB - This report is concerned with the hypothesis that tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) present during cyclophosphamide (CY)-induced tumor regression stimulate proliferation of tumor stem cells that remain after the oncolytic after of CY has dissipated. In preliminary studies, plasma or serum from CY-injected mice was used as a source of CY metabolites. However, because of the relatively high background toxicity of normal mouse plasma/serum and the lack of a precise technique to quantify how much metabolite was present at any one time, this approach was abandoned. In place of the plasma metabolites, we used the Cy analogue, 4-(2-sulfonatoethylthio)-cyclophosphamide cyclohexylamine salt, Asta Z 7557. On solubilization in water, Asta Z-7557 yields phosphoramide mustard, one of the oncolytic metabolites of CY in vivo. This approach enabled us to quantitate the amount of drug used in vitro and to control the amount to which tumor cells and macrophages were exposed. It was demonstrated that when two different C57BL/6J tumor cell targets, the MCA/76-9 sarcoma and the EL4 lymphoma subline, E2G.2, were treated with defined quantities of Asta Z-7557, those cells surviving the toxic effects were stimulated to proliferate in the presence of TAM isolated from the MCA/76-9 sarcoma. Although pretreatment of the TAM with the drug slightly diminished the stimulatory effect, this was still significantly greater than the effect of culture medium alone. In no instance was there evidence that drug treatment rendered the macrophages cytotoxic towards the tumor cells. The data supported the notion that in vivo the presence of a high proportion of TAM during CY-induced temporary tumor regression may contribute directly to the resurgence of tumor growth. PMID- 6511128 TI - Pharmacokinetics in blood IV: unusual distribution, storage effect and metabolism of methotrexate. AB - The whole blood from three human subjects, one dog and four rabbits was spiked with methotrexate (MTX) to yield appropriate concentrations, and was incubated at 37 degrees C and 50 oscillations per min. MTX was found to exhibit unusual distribution kinetics in whole blood; plasma MTX concentrations generally dropped to a minimum at about 5 min then increased and fluctuated somewhat irregularly afterwards. Differences of up to 21, 19 and 32% between maximum and minimum were found in the studies from human, dog and rabbit, respectively. These unusual distribution phenomena might be due to the Schiff base formation between free primary amino group(s) of MTX and free fatty aldehyde groups on blood cell membrane. Similar unusual distribution kinetics were observed with blood from three human subjects after kept at room temperature or in the refrigerator, and blood collected from three dogs after intravenous bolus or infusion of MTX. Formation of three metabolites including 7-hydroxymethotrexate was only found in blood from rabbits, but not from humans and dogs. PMID- 6511129 TI - Influence of dose in the urinary excretion of amikacin. AB - The urinary excretion kinetics of amikacin was studied in 28 healthy volunteers who received doses of 125, 250 and 500 mg of the antibiotic. The average percentages of the dose excreted were 67.67, 79.4 and 68.65% for each dose, respectively. The elimination constant (Ke), the urinary excretion constant (Ku) and the extra-renal excretion constant (Knr) had similar values for the three groups studied. The average value obtained for Knr showed the existence of a moderate extra-renal excretion of amikacin. A linear relationship was observed between the maximum excretion rate (Vmax) and the dose administered (D), according to the equation: Vmax (mg/h) = 3.714 + 0.207 X D (mg); r = 1.000 This relationship reveals the linear kinetics of renal excretion in the dose range studied. In view of the high urinary concentrations obtained, it is concluded that amikacin doses of 4 mg/kg/day should ensure therapeutic urinary concentrations sufficient to combat most amikacin-susceptible organisms. PMID- 6511130 TI - Use of cholestyramine in three patients with beta-acetyldigoxin, beta methyldigoxin and digitoxin intoxication. AB - The effect of cholestyramine (8 g every 6 h by oral administration) on glycoside plasma concentrations of three patients with suicidal and accidental digitalis intoxications were studied. During treatment with cholestyramine the plasma concentrations of beta-acetyldigoxin and beta-methyldigoxin declined with half lives of 20.4 or 30.0 h. These values are significantly shorter than the therapeutic half-lives reported in the literature. The digitoxin plasma concentration decreased with a half-life of 74.5 h during the first 2 days. When the digitoxin plasma level dropped under 40 ng/ml, the half-life increased, similar to the half-life without cholestyramine administration. From these case reports cholestyramine seems to be helpful in managing intoxications with digoxin derivates as well as with digitoxin. PMID- 6511132 TI - The influence of food and repeated dosing on the bioavailability of indomethacin from a multiple-units controlled-release formulation. AB - A concomitant meal did not affect the extent of bioavailability of indomethacin from a multiple-units controlled-release capsule formulation containing enteric coated pellets, but the presence of food delayed absorption. When a capsule containing 75 mg indomethacin was administered after a 12 h fast, the mean peak drug concentrations in plasma of 2.7 micrograms/ml +/- 0.8 SD occurred at a mean time of 4.2 h (range 2-6 h). When this dose was administered with a substantial breakfast, the mean of the peak plasma concentration of 2.2 micrograms/ml +/- 1.0 SD occurred at 6.4 h (range 5-12 h). Secondary peak plasma drug concentrations, occurring at approximately 14 h after dosing, were more prominent and the times to reach the second peak more variable when the capsules were administered with food. Drug bioavailability after co-administration with food was 91% of that following administration after fasting. When the controlled-release capsule was administered during 3 days in a b.i.d. dosage regimen, drug bioavailability was 103% of that from a standard capsule administered q.i.d. The mean peak level after administration of the last dose of 50 mg as controlled-release capsules was 2.5 micrograms/ml +/- 1.1 SD and the means of peak levels after the penultimate and last doses of 25 mg as standard capsules were 2.0 micrograms/ml +/- 0.3 SD and 2.1 micrograms/ml +/- 0.7 SD, respectively. The controlled-release capsule formulation was a reliable and reproducible source of indomethacin when administered as repeated doses or with food. PMID- 6511131 TI - Continuous perineural infusions of bupivacaine for prolonged analgesia--a rapid two-point method for estimating individual pharmacokinetic parameters. AB - Results of previous studies have shown a 5-10 fold range in the clearance total and half-life of bupivacaine. Since bupivacaine has a narrow therapeutic range and highly variable pharmacokinetic parameters, rapid estimation of the parameters allows early dosage regimen adjustments, and hence, better pain management. The pharmacokinetic parameters in 17 patients were estimated based on two samples drawn within 18 h after initiation of therapy. Based on the estimated parameters, a later sample's concentration was predicted. Results of this study confirm the previously reported large variation in pharmacokinetic parameters. An excellent agreement between actual and predicted concentration was found. The use of this method allows early readjustment in the dosage regimen, resulting in effective pain management without compromising patient safety. PMID- 6511133 TI - Nephrotic syndrome with reversible severe renal failure after gold therapy. AB - A patient with rheumatoid arthritis developed nephrotic syndrome with reversible renal failure following gold therapy. Histological examination of renal biopsy disclosed the typical picture of membranous nephropathy. After prolonged treatment with steroids and cyclophosphamide, complete recovery was achieved. The likely mechanism involved and the clinical implications are discussed. PMID- 6511134 TI - Effect of gastric pH on antidotal efficacy of activated charcoal in man. AB - Environmental pH is important for the adsorption capacity of activated charcoal: in our experiments the unadsorbed fractions of aspirin and disopyramide were increased by 10-20-fold as the pH was altered from 1.2 to 7.0 or vice versa. In order to study the effect of pH in vivo, six subjects were given 500 mg aspirin, 200 mg disopyramide and 200 mg tolfenamic acid on an empty stomach with 20 ml of 8.5% magnesium hydroxide or without it. A small dose of charcoal, 2.5 g, administered immediately after the drugs, reduced the absorption of aspirin by 30 40%, whereas the absorption of disopyramide and tolfenamic acid was reduced by 70 80%. The inhibition of absorption was irrespective of whether the drugs were taken with the antacid or without it. Thus, in vivo other factors than the gastric pH must be more important in controlling the adsorption to activated charcoal. Accordingly, the simultaneous administration of antacids cannot be recommended to enhance the adsorptive capacity of charcoal in humans. PMID- 6511135 TI - Women and alcohol abuse--factors involved in successful interventions. AB - This paper examines factors involved in successful interventions that led 18 alcoholic women to seek treatment. Literature was lacking concerning intervention with women, though there was one general source on intervention. A hypothesis on the benefit of families was contradicted. In the research, families were usually nonexistent or a barrier to recovery. Findings indicated that successful interventions ranged from a choice of treatment versus jail to seeking help due to internal feelings. PMID- 6511136 TI - The abstinence phobias: links between substance abuse and anxiety. AB - This paper presents a new model to explain the observed relationship between anxiety and substance abuse. Specifically, the concept of "abstinence phobias," common across psychoactive substances, is developed. The evidence needed to support this concept is outlined, and relevant data from studies of opiate, alcohol, and tobacco dependences are reviewed. Parallel data obtained from the treatment of obesity are discussed. It is concluded that the abstinence phobia merits further study; clinical implications are also considered. PMID- 6511137 TI - Alcohol use among graduate business administration students. AB - This study of fully employed master's students in a graduate school of business administration found no significant differences in the drinking levels of men and women. The majority are heavy drinkers. There is a tendency for female and Jewish students to prefer wine. Despite the role that beverage alcohol plays in the corporate world, few students were interested in alcohol education. PMID- 6511138 TI - Can personality tests predict treatment dropouts? AB - Patients who completed a detoxification/rehabilitation drug abuse program were compared with program dropouts on a new personality instrument, the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory. No differences were found between groups on any of the 20 comparison variables, replicating previous results with the MMPI. Data are presented showing that discriminant function predictors lose their potency within 3 years and maybe sooner. It is concluded that clinical judgments must form the basis of predicting dropouts until it can be demonstrated that personality tests can make reliable predictions on treatment dropouts. PMID- 6511139 TI - Individual characteristics of aggressive beer and distilled beverage drinkers. AB - Sixty male social drinkers completed the MMPI and a drinking history and attitude questionnaire. These individuals were then randomly divided into four groups, receiving either a distilled or brewed beverage, or two comparable placebos. Subjects in the alcohol groups became equally intoxicated (BAC = .71) and rated themselves as significantly more intoxicated than placebo subjects. All subjects then participated in a Buss aggression task. Aggression scales were related to the pretask personality, history, and attitude measures. Differences were found between factors descriptive of subjects who became aggressive after consuming or believing they had consumed a distilled versus a brewed beverage. In particular, a history of lack of positive alcohol effects and social maladjustment were typical of high-aggressive distilled alcohol and alcohol-placebo subjects, while the presence of family problems and anxiety typified high-aggressive beer and placebo-beer subjects. PMID- 6511140 TI - Considering motivation and ability for drug use intervention: some implications. PMID- 6511141 TI - Outcome of drug user treatment: a selection of additional needed factors. PMID- 6511142 TI - In vivo effects of an acute nonimmunological inflammation in rats on the lymphoproliferative response to mitogens. AB - Lymphoid cells (spleen, lymph node and thymus) derived from rats after induction of an acute nonimmunological inflammatory reaction responded to various mitogens (Phytohemagglutinin, PHA; Concanavalin A, Con A; Lipopolysaccharide, LPS) with increased proliferation when compared with cells derived from normal animals. In the absence of mitogens, lymphoid cells from animals undergoing an acute nonimmunological inflammation demonstrated enhanced proliferation compared with cells from normal animals. These results clearly demonstrated that during acute nonimmunological inflammation the reactivity of lymphoid cells was increased. PMID- 6511143 TI - Bimodal effects of MVE-2 on cytotoxic activity of natural killer cell and macrophage tumoricidal activities. AB - Maleic anhydride divinyl ether of molecular weight 15,500 (MVE-2) increased tumoricidal activity of NK cells and M phi in a dose-dependent manner with the peak response of both effector cells occurring 3 days following treatment. Both effector cell responses were sustained for over 7 days following one injection. However, repeated injections with MVE-2 led to a hyporesponsiveness of NK cells whereas M phi activity remained high. Poly ICLC, but not C. parvum, reconstituted NK cell activity in mice hyporesponsive to MVE-2. Significant antitumor response was achieved when tumor cells were inoculated at the peak time of effector cell response, indicating the in vivo role of NK and/or M phi in exerting a tumoricidal effect. PMID- 6511144 TI - Altered host resistance to Trichinella spiralis infection following subchronic exposure to diethylstilbestrol. AB - The effects of subchronic exposure to diethylstilbestrol on the host response to infection with Trichinella spiralis were examined in adult B6C3F1 mice. Expulsion of adult Trichinella from the small bowel, intestinal inflammation and delayed hypersensitivity responses to Trichinella antigens in artificially sensitized mice were investigated. Administration of 8 micrograms/g of diethylstilbestrol for five consecutive days beginning on days -5,0, +3 or +8 of infection inhibited adult worm expulsion and tissue reactions in the small intestine. Expulsion of adult parasites was also delayed in mice given 0.2 microgram/g of diethylstilbestrol for the first five days of infection. When the chemical was given during a primary infection, mice failed to expel a second infection as rapidly as untreated controls or previously infected mice exposed during a second infection. These findings indicate that diethylstilbestrol exposure altered the immune responses that mediate expulsion of adult worms from the gut, especially when exposure occurred during the inductive phase of host immunity. These results also suggest that use of diethyl-stilbestrol as a weight-gain promoter may lead to increased parasite burdens. While diethylstilbestrol-exposed mice retained adult worms longer than controls, no significant increase was found in numbers of encysted muscle-phase larvae, contrary to the usual findings in animals maintaining adult worm burdens for extended periods. The possibility that macrophages activated by diethylstilbestrol treatment had a role in limiting larvae encystment in the host musculature is discussed. PMID- 6511145 TI - Effect of phosphonium salts and phosphoranes on the acetylcholinesterase activity and on the viability of Schistosoma mansoni parasites. AB - In this study we investigated the effects of a series of phosphonium salts and phosphoranes on the catalytic activity of acetylcholinesterase and on the viability of the various life stages of Schistosoma mansoni worms. All the tested compounds showed an inhibitory effect towards the S. mansoni acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity. The most effective compound, p-xylylene bis(triphenylphosphonium) dibromide (No. 16) displayed approximately 100% inhibition at concentration of 10(-5)-10(-6)M. No significant difference was found in the sensitivity of the enzyme obtained from the various stages of the parasite life cycle to the effect of the drugs. Each compound was also tested for its toxicity towards 3 h old schistosomula and 7-9 week adult worms under in vitro culture conditions. In the case of the larvae, after 2 days in culture, only three compounds (Nos. 4, 11 and 12) out of sixteen tested exhibited efficient killing of the schistosomula while the others had a very slight toxic activity or no toxicity at all. On the other hand, all the compounds showed a significant toxicity towards the adult worms and the most effective one, allytriphenylphosphonium bromide (No. 11), retained its toxic effect even at an extremely high dilution (10(-8)M). However, the cumulative results in this paper do not demonstrate a significant correlation between the inhibitory effect of the phosphonium salts and phosphoranes on the AChE activity of the schistosomes and their toxicity towards the worms. The LD50 value (i.v.) of the compound which showed the highest toxic effect in vitro (No. 11) was found to be 30 +/- 1.7 mg/kg in mice.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6511146 TI - Stress fracture of the tibial tuberosity in a high jumper: case report. AB - A 16-year-old male high jumper sustained a stress fracture of the tibial tuberosity. Continued activity resulted in a type III fracture of the tibial tuberosity necessitating treatment via open reduction and internal fixation. PMID- 6511147 TI - Role of mono- and biarticular muscles in explosive movements. AB - From 24 vertical jumps (eight subjects, three jumps each), calculations of forces, torques, and power per joint were combined with EMG data of eight leg muscles and with estimations of their contraction velocities. In the second part of the push-off, a high power output of 3000-4000 W was delivered in the ankle joints during plantar flexion. This is attributed to a sequential energy flow from hip to knee and ankle joints. Through coordinated actions of both the m. gluteus maximus and the m. rectus femoris as well as the m. vastus med., intermedius and lat. (mm. vasti) and the m. gastrocnemius, power delivered by the monoarticular extensors of the hip and knee joints was transported distally via the biarticular muscles to the ankle joints. During the high plantar flexion velocity at the end of the push-off, hip and knee joints showed high extension velocities resulting in relatively low contraction velocities for the biarticular muscles. As a consequence they could deliver high forces, which allowed them to transport energy in a proximodistal direction and allowed them to decelerate the angular velocities of the hip and knee joints without losses due to eccentric contractions. It is concluded that this power transport is essential in the execution of explosive movements. PMID- 6511149 TI - Influence of exercise and Dianabol on the degradation rate of myofibrillar proteins of the heart and three fiber types of skeletal muscle of female guinea pigs. AB - The influence of methandrostenolone (= Dianabol = 17-beta-hydroxy-17 methylandrosta-1,4-dien-3-one) and of a running training program on the degradation rate of myofibrillar proteins of the heart, soleus, red portion of the vastus lateralis, and white portion of the vastus lateralis of female guinea pigs was studied by measuring the time-dependent decrease of radioactive-labeled proteins. The following results were obtained: No alteration of absolute muscle or body weight An increased heart-to-body weight relation in the trained and in the trained group receiving Dianabol A significantly higher myofibrillar protein concentration in the skeletal muscle types than in the heart An increased concentration of myofibrillar proteins in all muscle types in the trained group receiving Dianabol and in the heart of the untrained group receiving Dianabol The degradation rate of the myofibrillar proteins decreased in all muscle types in the trained group receiving Dianabol and in the heart of the untrained group receiving Dianabol and in the trained group. PMID- 6511148 TI - Proteinuria in intact and splenectomized dogs after running and swimming. AB - The occurrence of post-exercise proteinuria was investigated in intact and splenectomized dogs after treadmill running and swimming and compared to control experiments. Albumin and lysozyme were measured by radial diffusion. Urinary protein was analyzed by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Swimming in the splenectomized dogs increased the albumin excretion in the first 30 min after exercise from 0.03 to 0.22 mg X min-1 and the lysozyme excretion in the same period from 0.11 to 0.75 micrograms X min-1. Swimming in intact dogs caused smaller increase in the lysozyme and albumin excretions during the exercise period itself as well as in the albumin excretion in the first 30 min after exercise. Running had no effect on urinary albumin or lysozyme but increased the low molecular weight protein fraction in the splenectomized dogs. Plasma lactate concentrations were higher during swimming in the splenectomized dogs than in the intact dogs. Possible mechanisms of post-exercise proteinuria are discussed. PMID- 6511150 TI - Effects of treadmill running on glycosaminoglycans in articular cartilage of rabbits. AB - In a study of the effects of motion load on weight-bearing articular cartilage, rabbits were made to run on a treadmill for 1-, 5-, and 30-day periods. One group ran on a level surface, and another ran uphill. In vivo 35S-sulfate bound in glycosaminoglycans (GAG) after running was used as an indicator of the synthesis rate of GAGs. The GAG content of the tibial and femoral cartilages was measured from determinations of uronic acid, galactosamine, and glucosamine in GAGs after papain proteolysis and purification. Uphill running caused a depletion of the bound 35S-sulfate incorporated in GAGs in both tibial and femoral weight-bearing cartilage (5 days: P less than 0.001 and P less than 0.01, respectively; 30 days, tibial cartilage: P less than 0.01). The concentrations of uronic acid and galactosamine were mainly unaltered, except after 1 day of running when an increased concentration of both substances was found, particularly in rabbits running on a level surface (uronic acid: P less than 0.05; galactosamine: P less than 0.001). After 30 days of running the glucosamine content was markedly reduced in GAGs of both tibial and femoral cartilage (P less than 0.05). The possible role of different factors affecting the cartilage metabolism is discussed. PMID- 6511151 TI - Skiing safety in children: adjustment and reliability of the bindings. AB - One-hundred children were picked at random from ski lift queues and were questioned as regards their skiing ability, experience, and ski equipment. Around 40% of the skiers had not made any adjustment and/or setting of the bindings. The lateral toe release and recentering forces were recorded. We found, irrespective of to which reference system our results were correlated, a very low percentage of bindings with acceptable setting, lower than has been reported for adults. Sixty percent of the bindings did not have any space between the sole of the boot and the slip plate. After correction of the space, the lateral toe release torque decreased significantly. Only 20% of the bindings displayed a recentering force. Our results indicate the need for several improvements regarding children's release bindings, including factors such as mechanical function, adjustment, and testing. The IAS reference system is recommended as the best of the existing reference systems. PMID- 6511152 TI - Anaerobic threshold during arm and leg exercises and cardiorespiratory fitness tests in a group of male and female students. AB - The anaerobic threshold (AT) was determined in 19 female and 41 male physical education students (mean age 19 yrs) during incremental arm and leg exercise on a bicycle ergometer. After the first 4 min of zero load leg exercise, the work load was increased every minute by 30 W in the male group and by 15 W in the female group. During arm exercise the work increments were 15 W in the male and 10 W in the female subjects. The work was performed until exhaustion. The AT values determined from the nonlinear increase in pulmonary ventilation (VE) were 62.6 +/ 7.3 W and 109.3 +/- 17.4 W during arm exercise 136.6 +/- 22.8 W and 224.6 +/- 41.96 W during leg exercise in female and male subjects, respectively. The VE at AT for both types of exercise was more significant in the female than in the male group. It was also lower during arm than during leg exercise in both groups. The AT during leg exercise showed a high positive correlation with vital capacity (VC) (r = 0.52, P less than 0.001), maximal oxygen uptake (r = 0.38, P less than 0.05), PWC170 (r = 0.44, P less than 0.01), and heart rate at AT (r = 0.62, P less than 0.001) in the male group, and only with heart rate at AT (r = 0.52, P less than 0.05) in the female group. Similar correlations were obtained during arm exercise. It is suggested that the AT could be determined by monitoring the VE changes during progressive exercise and could serve as an index of cardiorespiratory performance capacity in young female and male subjects. PMID- 6511153 TI - Health and aging characteristics of highly physically active 65-year-old men. AB - Eighteen highly physically active men aged 65 years, training since youth, were compared to 67-year-old men from the general population. Body fat was low in the well-trained men, particularly in the central regions of the body. They smoked less. They characterized themselves as being in a general state of good health and well-being. Plasma insulin values were remarkably low. Blood pressure and resting heart rate were lower and ventilatory capacity better than in controls, and they had less heart diseases. The "juvenile" traits in their energy metabolism as well as in blood pressure and in their own perception of being highly energetic were not associated with less aging characteristics of hair, skin, or function of senses. The results obtained in this selected group suggest that physical activity protects against several age-dependent conditions as well as obesity, also at a fairly advanced age. These findings as well as the observations of differences in ventilatory function, smoking habits, and well being between the group of highly physically active men and the control group deserve further studies. PMID- 6511155 TI - Trainability of underwater breath-holding time. AB - From diving practice we know that breath-holding time (BHT) can be increased by training. This examination was set up to illuminate whether BHT underwater can be trained decisively in a short period of time. The authors investigated whether physiologic or psychological aspects are the main constituents of the above mentioned BHT phenomenon. BHT and the "onset point" of involuntary respiratory movements of 64 subjects were registered after deep inspiration and immersion in ca. 1 m. Two different tests were set up: (I) 2 breath-holds per day on 5 consecutive days, (II) 5 repeated breath-holds with pauses of 3 min in between. BHT of the first test was shorter underwater than in similar experiments in air; the increase of BHT underwater was distinctly higher (series II: 160%). Thirty percent of the subjects inequivocally showed respiratory movements (group 1), 31% did not reach the "onset point" (group 3). In group 1 BHT was considerably higher than in group 3. In group 1 the mean time span without respiratory movements rose by 14% in series I and by 233% in series II, whereas the time span with respiratory movements rose by 105% and 119%. These results confirm and quantify the good trainability of BHT underwater. Two processes cause this increase: the increase in time span without respiratory movements probably by unconscious hyperventilation and the increase in time span with respiratory movements through psychological adaptation by suffering the need to breathe. PMID- 6511154 TI - Reduced high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol in power athletes: use of male sex hormone derivates, an atherogenic factor. AB - The effect of androgenic steroids on plasma lipids was studied in seven power athletes who self-administered androgenic steroids on the average 45 mg/day during an 8-week strength training period. At the beginning of the study, no significant differences were noticed in HDL-cholesterol levels between the steroid users and the controls. After 8 weeks of strength training, the androgen users had reduced the HDL-cholesterol by 54% (from 1.47 to 0.67 mmol/l). The difference when compared to controls was highly significant (P less than 0.001). It was concluded that the use of androgenic steroids combined with strength training decreases serum HDL-cholesterol and thus may cause a higher risk for coronary heart disease. PMID- 6511156 TI - Angina pectoris and blood lactate concentration during graded exercise. AB - Nineteen patients with angina pectoris referred for preoperative evaluation were studied by psychophysical scaling of the chest pain according to Borg and blood lactate determination at rest and during a graded exercise test. The exercise tests consisted of stepwise increments of 10 W every min. Anginal pain, systolic blood pressure, heart rate (HR), and blood lactate concentration were determined at the end of each work load. The exercise test was interrupted at a rated anginal pain level (RAP) of 5-6/9 ("strong"), and this load was referred to as Wmax. The patients were divided into three groups: A with a Wmax less than or equal to 74 W, B 75-124 W, and C greater than or equal to 125 W. At submaximal loads HR was almost identical at the same absolute work load in all three groups. The heart rate at Wmax varied, however, and averaged 98 (A), 118 (B), and 136 (C), respectively. Corresponding peak values for RAP were 3.8, 4.5, and 4.8. Blood lactate at rest ranged from 1.0-1.6 mmol X 1-1 and increased curvilinearly with intensity, which was also the case for RAP. RAP was almost linearly related to blood lactate in all three groups suggesting a causal relationship between these two parameters. PMID- 6511157 TI - International Congress on Sports and Health. 22-23 September 1983, Maastricht, The Netherlands. Invited lectures and free communications. PMID- 6511158 TI - Social adjustment in rehabilitation. AB - A three years' follow up study was carried out to assess the efficacy of a psychiatric rehabilitation service in an urban/suburban English district of about 200 000 population, by examining, a cohort of 100 rehabilitees who used the service. This paper briefly outlines the types of residential facilities available to the service and it describes the results of investigating the community adjustment of their users whose social function and attitudes were examined using a variety of rating scales. It is concluded that a range of flexible, improved, training programmes and environments are essential to ensure the successful social adjustment of rehabilitees. PMID- 6511159 TI - Living with an amputation: what it means for patients and their helpers. AB - The social and emotional problems declared by 134 single-leg amputees are compared with those of 109 people who were their main helpers. The Day Amputee Activity Score, the Goldberg GHQ, Townsend's Social Isolation scale and Forder's concept of Felt Need were used in the study. The majority of patients were elderly males. Most of the carers were women. Peripheral vascular disease was the most frequent reason for the amputation and its persistence postoperatively was predictive of poor rehabilitation outcome. The respondents reported unmet need for information about financial help, employment and social activity. Both groups shared a high level of social isolation, which was associated with risk of psychiatric illness and appeared to inhibit the expression of need. Helpers complained more forcefully than patients about service provision and discussed their emotional reactions more readily. The amputees tended to use denial in confronting the implications of limb ablation. Many respondents had no sources of help with personal or practical problems. Their knowledge of available services was poor. In particular, the role of social workers was not well understood. Neither the social work profession nor the Artificial Limb Centre was used to any appreciable extent as a source of help with psychosocial adjustment to loss of a limb. PMID- 6511160 TI - The pathology of superficially invasive, thin vulvar squamous cell carcinoma. AB - Thirty-six cases of vulvar squamous cell carcinoma 5 mm or less in thickness were studied, and potential predictors of lymph node metastases were evaluated. Tumor thickness and depth of stromal invasion were measured. Inguinal lymph node metastases were present in six (17%) cases, all of which had primary neoplasms more than 3 mm thick. The most superficial lesion to have lymph node metastasis was 3.2 mm thick and had 1.6 mm of stromal invasion. Nonetheless, depth of stromal invasion of less than 3 mm was associated with statistically fewer lymph node metastases (7%) than that of neoplasms with 3 mm or more of stromal invasion (50%). Although lymphatic or blood capillary invasion was present in four (11%) cases, this feature had no statistically significant association with lymph node metastasis. There was no relationship between clinical stage, surface diameter, or histological grade of the lesion and lymph node metastasis. A significant percentage of cases had either carcinoma in situ (31%) or atypical hypertrophic dystrophy (19%) in the epithelium adjacent to the infiltrating carcinoma. Koilocytotic atypia suggestive of human papilloma virus infection was present in the adjacent epithelium in 47% of the cases. This study suggests that thickness of the neoplasm is a valid predictor for the presence or absence of lymph node metastasis in vulvar squamous cell carcinoma; it may be more useful than neoplastic depth of invasion in this regard. PMID- 6511161 TI - Pelvic endometriosis and tubal inflammatory disease. AB - The incidence of tubal inflammatory disease in women with endometriosis who had undergone surgery was compared with that in women who had undergone similar operative procedures but who did not have endometriosis and with that in a group of clinically healthy women undergoing tubal sterilisation. The incidence of tubal inflammatory lesions was much higher in all women who had undergone surgery than in those undergoing sterilisation, but there was no difference in the incidence of tubal lesions between those women with endometriosis and those not suffering from this disease. Women with endometriosis and tubal inflammatory disease did not have a significantly lower mean gravidity than did those with healthy tubes. It is concluded that there is no specific association between endometriosis and tubal inflammation and that tubal inflammatory disease is unlikely to be a significant factor contributing to infertility in endometriosis. PMID- 6511162 TI - Peritoneal mesothelium and ovarian surface cells--shared characteristics. AB - This is a transmission electron microscopy study of peritoneal mesothelium and surface cells covering the ovary. One thousand two hundred cells derived from 22 samples of peritoneum and 1,200 derived from 22 samples of ovary were compared for cell size, length-to-diameter ratio, and distribution and complexity of surface villi. Cilia were looked for. Other factors studied included mitochondria, pinocytosis, secretory vacuoles, tonofilaments, desmosome tonofilament complexes, lysosomes, and mucin. In general, peritoneal mesothelial cells tend to be flat, and surface cells of the ovary, cuboidal. The villous surfaces are essentially similar. Two ciliated cells were found in 1,200 surface cells of the ovary; one blunted cilium was found in 1,200 peritoneal cells. Mitochondria, pinocytosis, secretory vacuoles, and lysosomes were essentially similar in both cell types. Desmosome-tonofilament complexes were rare in surface cells and not found in mesothelial cells. Tonofilaments were present in 340 of 1,200 peritoneal mesothelial cells (28.30%). They were present in only 16 of 1,200 surface cells of the ovary (1.33%). It appeared that peritoneal mesothelium and surface cells of the ovary are, in most respects, structurally similar. PMID- 6511163 TI - Myxoid leiomyosarcoma of the uterus. AB - A case of myxoid leiomyosarcoma of the uterus is described. Despite the absence of cytologic atypia and significant mitotic activity, this tumor exhibited a malignant biologic behavior characterized by local recurrences and eventual peritoneal dissemination. PMID- 6511164 TI - Bilateral ovarian cystic teratomata mimicking bilateral pure ovarian hemangiomata: case report. AB - This report describes a case of bilateral, benign cystic ovarian teratomata which were composed predominantly of cavernous hemangiomatous elements. The right-sided lesion, in particular, mimicked a pure ovarian hemangioma. The clinical presentation, bilaterality of the lesions, the sizes of the hemangiomata, and the subsequent hemangioma of the leg are all of interest in this very rare lesion. PMID- 6511166 TI - Post-natal development of interscapular (brown) adipose tissue in the guinea pig: effect of environmental temperature. AB - The post-natal development of interscapular brown adipose tissue (BAT) was studied in the guinea pig by monitoring changes in DNA, triglycerides and mitochondrial protein as well as the activity of cytochrome oxidase and atractyloside insensitive GDP-binding. The results demonstrate that neonatal brown fat develops into a tissue with the gross characteristics of white adipose tissue. In this respect the post-natal development of guinea pig BAT is analogous to that of the tissue in man. Furthermore the apparent transformation is not irreversible since cold exposure (+4 degrees C) of adult guinea pigs for six weeks resulted in restoration of cytochrome oxidase, GDP-binding, etc, to levels characteristic of neonatal BAT. However, the interscapular fat pad temperature response to noradrenaline and the presence of 32 000 mol. wt mitochondrial inner membrane protein indicate that the tissue retains thermogenic activity even in warm acclimated adult guinea pigs. PMID- 6511165 TI - Xanthogranulomatous oophoritis: an inflammatory pseudotumor of the ovary. AB - A case of xanthogranulomatous oophoritis is presented. The patient is a 26-year old woman who had a 10-year history of pelvic inflammatory disease. The pathogenesis of this lesion appears similar to that of xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis. Ultrastructural findings are presented and xanthogranulomatous lesions of the female genital tract are reviewed. PMID- 6511167 TI - Body size, subcutaneous fatness and total body fat in older adults. AB - In a sample of healthy adults (24 men, 21 women; 54 to 85 years of age) anthropometry was collected and body density measured by underwater weighing. Estimates of body fat were computed from body density. The men were significantly larger than the women in body size and have significantly less percent body fat and less subcutaneous fat on their arms and legs. There were no sex differences in measures of subcutaneous fat on the trunk or in estimates of total body fat. Chest and abdominal circumferences were the measurements most highly correlated with total and percent body fat in the men. In the women, abdominal circumference and subscapular skinfolds were highly correlated with percent body fat, as were subscapular and midaxillary skinfold with total body fat. PMID- 6511168 TI - Long-term outcome after jejunoileal bypass for morbid obesity. AB - Long-term results after jejunoileal bypass operation for morbid obesity in 47 patients are presented. Two patients died postoperatively and a reanastomosis was made in three. Forty-one patients were re-examined on average 4.7 years after operation. Mean weight loss was 43 kg or 31 per cent of original weight. Increased stool frequency and abdominal discomfort were common postoperative symptoms. Abnormalities in serum electrolytes, serum vitamin levels and in liver function were relatively uncommon and in none serious. The net effect of the operation on joint and back symptoms was positive. In most patients the quality of life was clearly improved and all except two were satisfied with the results. Our experience suggests that jejunoileal bypass is still an alternative in the treatment of morbid obesity. PMID- 6511169 TI - Australian 10-year-olds' perceptions of food. III. The influence of obesity status. AB - Two studies were conducted which examined the relationships between 10-year-olds' body fat status and their perceptions of foods. The first study of 453 children showed that obese boys linked high-energy foods more to positive consequences, such as growth and satiation, than did slim boys. They also rated bread and potatoes as more fattening than did slim boys. In the second study, one-quarter randomized samples of 40 foods were presented to 500 children, on each of two forms on which the children rated the foods on eight attributes. Results of multivariate analyses showed that obese, average and slim children perceived foods differently along two general themes: (a) properties related to energy, and (b) tastiness-preference. The results are discussed in relation to possible social and physiological causes. PMID- 6511170 TI - Relationships between weight change and changes in blood pressure and serum lipids in men and women. AB - An examination was made of the relationships between weight change and changes in blood pressure and serum lipids over a five-year period in apparently healthy men and women not engaging in a systematic regime of diet and/or weight control. Weight change was positively correlated with systolic and diastolic blood pressure, cholesterol, and triglycerides, though the correlation coefficients were small (0.11 to 0.28) and not statistically significant for systolic blood pressure and cholesterol for men, and triglycerides for women. After controlling for the effects of differences in age, weight, physical work capacity and initial values in risk factors, and for changes in physical work capacity, weight change in women was found to account independently for a proportion of the variance of changes in systolic blood pressure (3 per cent), diastolic blood pressure (6 per cent), and cholesterol (2 per cent); in men weight change was independently related only to change in diastolic blood pressure (4 per cent). Subjects with elevated blood pressure (diastolic greater than or equal to 95 mmHg) were apparently more sensitive to weight change than those with 'normal' blood pressure. It was concluded that in free-living populations the relationships between weight change and changes in blood pressure and lipids are not strong, and that the general value of weight control in this context may have been exaggerated. PMID- 6511171 TI - The role of smoking in the regulation of energy balance. AB - Sixteen smokers (eight men and eight women) were studied before and six weeks after attending a series of anti-smoking clinics. Mean weight gain for the ten subjects who gave up smoking was 1.36 kg (P less than 0.005) and there was no significant change in body weight of subjects who did not give up smoking. There was a 4 per cent drop in resting metabolic rate of the smokers who successfully gave up (n = 9), but this was only significant when the data were expressed per kg body weight (P less than 0.05). Mean energy intake increased by 6.5 per cent but this change was not significant. Smoking a single cigarette significantly increased the metabolic rate for 30 min by 3 per cent compared with a control condition of sham smoking (n = 15). Thus the discrepancy in body weight between smokers and non-smokers appears to be due to a combination of reduced food intake and the thermogenic effects of smoking. PMID- 6511172 TI - A prediction model for parasitic gastro-enteritis in lambs. PMID- 6511173 TI - In vitro culture of Plasmodium yoelii blood stages. PMID- 6511175 TI - Isoenzyme patterns of pathogenic and nonpathogenic thermophilic Naegleria strains by isoelectric focusing. PMID- 6511174 TI - The influence of Trypanosoma brucei infection on local immunoglobulin responses of rats to Nippostrongylus brasiliensis. PMID- 6511176 TI - Morphological characterisation of Australian strains of Echinococcus granulosus. PMID- 6511177 TI - Tissue eosinophil numbers and phospholipase B activity in mice infected with Trichinella spiralis. PMID- 6511178 TI - Cross-protection between the metacestodes of Mesocestoides corti and Taenia crassiceps in mice. PMID- 6511179 TI - Tyrosine residues of bovine thyrotropin. Accessibility to iodination in the intact hormone and isolated subunits. AB - The susceptibility of the tyrosines of bovine thyrotropin (bTSH) and of its isolated alpha and beta subunits to lactoperoxidase catalyzed iodination was examined as a probe of the reactivity of these residues. In isolated TSH alpha, tyrosines at positions 21, 41, 92 and 93 were labeled with radioactive iodine to a nearly equivalent extent while residue 30 did not incorporate iodine. In intact TSH tyrosine 41, as well as 30, was not modified showing that, upon association with beta subunit, residue 41 becomes substantially less reactive. The other three tyrosines of the alpha subunit retained reactivity; residue 21 incorporated relatively more label than residues 92 and 93. The pattern of reactivity of the TSH alpha tyrosines in intact TSH parallels previous studies on the alpha subunits of lutropin (LH) and human choriogonadotropin (hCG). Thus the different primary sequences of the beta subunits do not influence environments around tyrosines at positions which are spaced throughout the alpha subunit structure. Most of the 11 tyrosine residues of TSH beta incorporate significant amounts of iodine. In intact TSH, beta tyrosines 25, 37, and 119 are most readily iodinated and tyrosines 14, 25 and 37 are the most reactive in the isolated subunit. Of particular interest in intact TSH is that tyrosine 37 and to a lesser extent 61 are modified. These tyrosines are found in analogous and highly conserved domains in the beta subunits of all glycoprotein hormones whose sequences have been determined, but in LH and hCG they can only be iodinated in isolated beta subunits. PMID- 6511180 TI - The range of applicability of psychoanalytic technique. PMID- 6511181 TI - The use of consultation in the treatment of suicidal patients. AB - Consultation is acknowledged to be a useful aid in the treatment of the suicidal patient. Consultation is, however, a deviation from the therapeutic framework, and there are potential dangers. A case example is used to illustrate the various phases of the consultation process--from the decision to consult, the way the consultation is arranged, the type of consultation, and the results of the consultation on the patient-therapist relationship. A brief examination of the intrapsychic and interpersonal dynamics of the suicidal patient highlights the patient's vulnerability to seeing the deviation in technique as a disruption. A preferred form of consultation for these situations is suggested. PMID- 6511182 TI - Consultation in a suicidal impasse. PMID- 6511183 TI - The termination phase of psychoanalysis in a narcissistic personality. AB - This paper describes a patient whose termination phase of analysis activated an intense mourning reaction that helped to overcome the stalemate of therapy. After I attempted to demonstrate how her narcissistic armouring yielded when the termination of analysis was agreed upon, the psychological reenactment of a split off (disavowed) trauma of an early loss (her father) and the failure of essential attributes in maternal care became manifested behind her narcissistic defenses. The reconstruction of these events was possible during the process of mourning. At the termination phase she behaved as if she "had lost the war"; from the point of view of her masochism it was a Pyrrhic victory, "a victory through defeat". Contrary to mother, I let her go but then she refused to go, which created a situation that activated a profound mourning reaction leading to important structural changes. A review of the pertinent psychoanalytic literature on termination along with clinical material derived from the termination phase of a patient with a narcissistic personality is presented. PMID- 6511184 TI - Developmental issues in borderline personalities. PMID- 6511185 TI - Countertransference difficulties in a time-limited psychotherapy. AB - A dramatic episode of patient-therapist interaction near the conclusion of a brief, time-limited psychotherapy is described with the help of a verbatim transcript. Our understanding of these events is based primarily on an awareness of the therapist's countertransference. The traumatic nature of the event that brought the patient to therapy, his narcissistic and borderline character structure, the therapist's own personal vulnerabilities to feelings of loss and guilt, and the additional difficulty for both therapist and patient of a brief, time-limited psychotherapy were factors contributing to the development of these countertransference disturbances. PMID- 6511186 TI - The management of countertransference in time-limited psychotherapy: the role of the central issue. PMID- 6511187 TI - Alcohol abuse and superego conflicts. AB - This paper reports the author's experiences with alcohol abusers in their initial or premorbid phase. The emphasis is on their superego conflicts and how these conflicts relate to their alcohol abuse. The adaptational function of their heavy drinking pattern is to neutralize an archaic persecutive superego through an oral sadistic counterattack. The drinking is an attempt to reach inner structural change, which is successful during the first moments of intoxication, but often backfires when the ego strength is lessened under the influence of alcohol. PMID- 6511189 TI - Another source of danger for psychotherapists: the supervisory introject. PMID- 6511188 TI - The role of superego conflicts in substance abuse and their treatment. PMID- 6511190 TI - The framework of training analyses. AB - This paper investigates, through specific but disguised vignettes, the influence of deviations from the ideal set of ground rules and boundaries of the analytic situation and relationship (the frame) on the training analysis experience. The material reveals a significant split between the conscious attitudes toward, and understanding of, these framework infringements and their unconscious implications in the thinking of both the analyst and the analysand. Clinical interludes in which deviations are at issue, when studied in terms of the patient's derivative (encoded) expressions, reveal a shift toward valid, unconscious perceptions of the analyst (nontransference) and a variety of pathological instinctual drive satisfactions, superego sanctions, and defenses that are unconsciously offered to the patient by the analyst. The basic therapeutic contract is seen as favoring pathological merger between patient and analyst, and as gratifying pathological narcissistic needs in both participants. As actualities fraught with unconscious meanings, the deviations (when unrectified) generate unconscious negative introjects of the analyst in the analysand. These prove detrimental to the analysand's growth, the resolution of his neurosis, and his development as an analyst. It is recommended that there be two classes of analysts: those who write and teach, and those who analyze candidates while remaining on the periphery of professional activities. PMID- 6511191 TI - An educational-evaluation perspective on the training analysis. PMID- 6511193 TI - Making interpretations and securing the frame: sources of danger for psychotherapists. AB - The basic sources of anxiety and danger experienced by psychotherapists and psychoanalysts in their work with patients are examined. Psychotherapy and psychoanalysis, since they are on a continuum, will be used interchangeably in this paper. Among the sources of such danger are the therapist's use of the two most basic interventions as required by the therapeutic needs of the patient: interpretations and securing the ground rules or framework of the ideal treatment situation and relationship. It is proposed that the present standards of interpretation and ground rules, as they characterize current psychotherapeutic practice, have been fashioned in significant measure by needs within psychotherapists to defend against their own anxieties related to the emergence and realization of their own madness within the course of a therapeutic interaction with a patient. PMID- 6511192 TI - Narcissistic issues in the training experience of the psychotherapist. AB - This paper discusses some aspects of the development of the professional self image and related efforts to maintain self-esteem that appear to be generic to the formal years of clinical training. The phenomenology of training, in particular the changing representations of the professional self and the relationships with supervisors, patients, and peers, is explored within the context of the clinical study of narcissism. A central affective issue in training is the emergence of and the recovery from a significant depressive experience organized around a sense of helplessness and hopelessness of achieving core professional aspirations. The impact of a professional mourning process on the trainee's learning and clinical work is discussed, and relevant supervisory processes are presented. PMID- 6511194 TI - Toward a unified conception of the origins of sexual and social deviancy in young persons. AB - This paper is based on the empirical evidence that social and sexual deviancy in young persons often succeed on one another, alternate repeatedly, or occur concomitantly. The role of the superego and the relationship of acting out and symptomatic acts to both conditions are explored. States of excitement, tension, and discharge in young persons are described. The scanty but important literature on excitement is reviewed, and the role of this affect in the causation of both deviances is examined in some detail. The occurrence of early fantasies associated with (primary) excitement on a background of early psychic disturbance and environmental failure, common to both deviations, is compared with excitement in later stages of development. The fantasies that accompany physiological and psychological changes at puberty and adolescence provoke arousal and excitation, which is defended against with boredom and depression, which in turn leads to a search for (secondary) excitement. This process is illustrated by several clinical examples drawn from case material of patients treated with psychotherapy and psychoanalysis. Finally, the implications for treatment of a unified approach to the problem of social and sexual deviancy in young people is briefly explored. PMID- 6511195 TI - Levels of mental representation and communicative modes of the bipersonal field. AB - The bipersonal field is an extraordinarily subtle and complex pattern of interaction which has roots in the first weeks of life. The communicative modes described by Langs (1978a,b) are implicitly tied to cognitive functioning, although the relationship between the interpersonal/interactional aspects of the bipersonal field and cognitive development have yet to be explored. A theory of cognitive development is advanced in which close connections are made between early object relationships and various levels of cognitive functioning. The building up of increasingly more sophisticated mental representations is traced, and the slow emergence of mature techniques of thinking is described. Both are intimately tied to the unfolding of object relationships. It is concluded that the communicative modes (Types A,B,C) involve important differences in the nature of the mental representations and the techniques of thinking associated with each. PMID- 6511196 TI - The importance of the cognitive, transitional, and communicative approaches in infant development. PMID- 6511197 TI - Change and integration in psychoanalytic developmental theory. PMID- 6511198 TI - The role of the analyst's facial expressions in psychoanalysis and psychoanalytic therapy. AB - This paper, while acknowledging implicitly the importance of transference distortions in the patient's perceptions of the analyst's countenance, focuses primarily upon the real changes in the latter's facial expressions. The analyst's face has a central role in the phase of therapeutic symbiosis, as well as in subsequent individuation. It is in the realm of the analyst's facial expressions that the borderline patient, for example, can best find a bridge out of autism and into therapeutically symbiotic relatedness with the analyst. During this latter phase, then, each participant's facial expressions "belong" as much to the other as to oneself; that is, the expressions of each person are in the realm of transitional phenomena for both of them. The analyst's facial expressions are a highly, and often centrally, significant dimension of both psychoanalysis and psychoanalytic therapy. Illustrative clinical vignettes are presented from work with both patients who use the couch and those who do not. PMID- 6511199 TI - The transferable penis and the self representation. AB - A group of female patients is described whose self representation includes significant male as well as female aspects, but who are not perverse or borderline. The unconscious fantasy of a transferable penis found in these patients is linked to specific etiologic factors including only intermittently available, unempathic early mothering and a prolonged incestuous post-oedipal father-daughter sexual relationship. Use is made of the concept of differing and conflicting aspects of the self-representation to elucidate the particular nature of these patients' bisexual fantasies, which allowed appropriate sexual gender and role to develop, and yet which, at times, also permitted drive gratification associated with the fantasy of being male and possessing a penis. PMID- 6511200 TI - Father-daughter incest. PMID- 6511201 TI - The "doctor game" revisited: doctor's treatment of their own children. AB - Although it is generally believed that doctors do not treat their own children, the practice is commonplace. This paper presents the unconscious reasons for the discrepancy between this popular belief and actual practice. The effects of this intrusion on the usual parent-child relationship are discussed. Except in emergency, the doctor's decision to take his own child as a patient is explained as a partial reenactment of the doctor's childhood "doctor game," now shared and acted out in cooperation with his spouse. This special treatment arrangement, which serves to displace reactivated or unresolved unconscious conflict onto the child appears to have far-reaching effects on the child's developing ego and character structure. Attention should be paid to it as a transference phenomenon in the treatment of doctor's children. Relevant literature is reviewed, Freud's personal involvement with the matter is traced, and clinical examples are provided. PMID- 6511202 TI - Notes on the causes and effects of therapy by parents. PMID- 6511203 TI - The use of psychoanalytic theory and technique on the medical ward. AB - In recent years an increasing number of psychoanalysts and psychoanalytically oriented psychiatrists have entered the field of general hospital psychiatry. Not only do psychoanalytic principles help in understanding the patient and his reaction and interaction, their application in a consultation also has therapeutic benefits. These therapeutic aspects are often not appreciated. This paper demonstrates the value of applying psychoanalytic concepts in consulting on medical patients in the hospital setting and, concurrently, explores some obstacles to the application of these concepts. PMID- 6511204 TI - Psychoanalytic concepts in the general hospital and the transference cure. PMID- 6511205 TI - Studies on hysteria: Dora. AB - This paper reviews the fascinating case material of Freud's "Fragments of an Analysis of a Case of Hysteria" and the subsequent material that has come to light about Dora. The analytic material is reinterpreted in the light of more contemporary analytic perspectives. The difficulties can be considered in terms of the problem of diagnosis, in terms of the dynamics inherent in Dora's personality structure, and finally in terms of the difficulties in the transference-countertransference interaction that played such a significant role in the premature termination of the case. Dora is far from simply a case of hysterical neurosis, but her pathology not only reflects the dynamics of the paranoid process, but also falls within the range of the borderline spectrum of personality disorders that have been described previously (Meissner 1982b.). Moreover, the borderline quality of her psychopathology gave rise to certain transference-countertransference interactions that lend themselves to more adequate formulation in terms of the paranoid process (Meissner 1978b). This gives rise to a variety of theoretical and therapeutic considerations that bear on our understanding of the nature of hysteria and of the psychoanalytic process itself. PMID- 6511206 TI - The role of facial expressions in the holding environment. AB - The significance of a visual dialogue between patient and therapist in assisting tension regulation for patients with severe narcissistic injury is proposed. Non verbal interactions may unfold spontaneously and contribute to development of a "holding environment" in its broadest sense. There will be inevitably both countertransference and real elements in this bipersonal field. The development of a visual holding environment at a symbiotic level may be based on a counter transference response by the therapist of an earlier need to "hold or be held." It has been suggested that it is difficult for the therapist to feel a "gleam in the eye" for patients who have missed early mirroring. Developmental stages of treatment involving active mutuality of eye contact, considered a "language of silence" beyond verbal interpretation, are suggested. These observations agree with Searles' paper that facial expressions form a bridge to personal relatedness. PMID- 6511207 TI - What is "psychotherapy"? AB - There are two "psychotherapies." The first, very close to psychoanalysis, may be defined as that mental treatment whose central focus is the analysis of the patient's experience of the relationship with the therapist in the here and now, and whose goal is insight. This is psychoanalytic psychotherapy. The second is nonpsychoanalytic psychotherapy, which bypasses the patient's experience of the relationship with the therapist, and by so doing may be defined as that mental treatment based on suggestion, with the goal of subjective improvement or symptom relief. Each therapy has its appropriate role in human experience. The basis of nonanalytic therapy, suggestion, is antithetical to both the means (analysis) and ends (insight) of analytic therapy. PMID- 6511209 TI - Neurocybernetic basis of semantic processes. AB - Although semantics cannot be reduced to neurophysiology, it must have however a certain neurophysiologic basis and this paper deals with, that neurophysiologic basis which, in fact, has a neurocybernetic basis. The paper first approaches the relations between information and signification and their part within the nervous system's work. Then, it analyses semantic function discoverying neurocybernetic mechanisms which can be proper not only to the conventional signs but also to the objects and phenomena which in turn can play the sign's part. Finally, semantic levels of the nervous system, beginning with the most elementary level of unity, as letters are, and up to the level of the highest ideas and concepts the brain is working with, are described. PMID- 6511208 TI - Comparative factor analysis models for an empirical study of EEG data, III: Resolution of stationary generating signals with confirmation by variable deletion. AB - This paper (the third in a series), reports the results obtained from the application of two distinct methods for the estimation of the four generating signals of a specific, large EEG dataset, in the context of the factor analysis model. These four signals were "detected" (though not resolved) in the work reported in the first paper in this series, where a "stability computation" determined the four dimensional subspace spanned by the four desired signals. The second paper discussed the "signal detection" method of resolving generating signals, and this paper presents another method of resolution, called "variable deletion." The estimates of the four signals produced by these two techniques are in agreement with each other. Indirect evidence is presented that the EEG activity represented in terms of these four "signals" is generated by four stochastically independent random variables. PMID- 6511210 TI - Neuropsychiatric sequelae of portal-systemic encephalopathy: a review. AB - Portal-systemic encephalopathy (PSE) is a common condition affecting individuals with chronic hepatic dysfunction. The clinical presentation of PSE often mimics a number of psychiatric disorders and, as discussed in the text, complicates the treatment of persons who suffer from both liver dysfunction and psychiatric illness. This review of the literature addresses the etiology, natural history and treatment of PSE. Special attention is devoted to clarifying the cognitive and affective manifestations of chronic low grade PSE. PMID- 6511211 TI - Changes in EEG alpha power induced by repetitive ipsi- and contralateral hand movements. AB - Changes in alpha activity induced by hand movements, both ipsi and contralateral to left brain hemisphere were studied. Seven channels of EEG (F3, C3, P3, O1, T3, T5 and CZ referred to nasion) were processed by a minicomputer. The values which correspond to three tasks (rest, right hand and left hand movement) were analyzed by means of an ANOVA of three factors. Our data bring us to the following conclusions: The two movements (left and right hand) cannot be differentiated by alpha band power in any electrode position and both of them decrease the alpha power significantly. This decreasing effect is not homogeneous in the whole hemisphere, being greater in the central area. PMID- 6511213 TI - The effect of light sleep on the brainstem auditory evoked potential (BAEP). AB - This study dealt with the latency and amplitude changes in the brainstem auditory evoked potential (BAEP) measured during periods from wake to light sleep, after stimulating both ears of 16 subjects. All 13 latencies (positive and negative) increased from the central vertex electrode (referred C7 vertebra) with statistical significance from peak VI (and II), and 8 of 13 latencies increased from the (ipsilateral) ear electrode with statistical significance from negative peak V. Furthermore, a significant decrease in amplitude occurred in peak V (ear) and in peak VIII (Cz and ear). Finally, the more typical recording of vertex to ipsilateral ear showed all 13 latencies increasing in the sleep state and nonparametric statistics showed significance in 6 of these latencies. The assumption that the latencies and amplitudes do not change from the waking to the sleeping state should be reconsidered. PMID- 6511212 TI - Sleep stage transitions and tonic REM in depression. AB - The hypothesis that greater perturbations of EEG-sleep architecture and continuity would occur in clinical depression contingent upon epsilon stage shifts was tested. Duration of successive REM cycles was also evaluated in 16 young adult (17-25 years) nonpsychotic unipolar patients with primary depression and eight age-matched normal controls for 8 hr during 1-3 consecutive EEG recording nights (epsilon N = 55). Two subgroups of eight patients were identified whose polysomnograms contained greater than 100 versus less than 100 epsilon sleep stage transitions. As predicted, sleep was shallow and fragmented to a significantly larger extent in depressives with: greater than 100 stage shifts versus, less than 100 transitions, compared with controls. This was reflected by significantly longer delays in falling asleep, more intermittent wakefulness transitions into stage 1, increased epsilon stage shifts, and more transitional stage 1 sleep. The depressed patients with less than 100 stage shifts (versus greater than 100 transitions relative to the controls) accumulated significantly less total sleep (7.0 vs greater than or equal to 7.6 hr), REM time; exhibited fewer REM episodes, and a slower REM cycle. Compared with controls both patient constituencies accumulated less REM time, showed a propensity for shallow NREM sleep reflected by significantly decreased stage 4, and more frequent transition into stage 1. REM time significantly increased progressively during sleep through the fourth cycle in both controls and depressives. The initial REM cycle was significantly longer among patients (N = 16), and the fourth proved to be shorter compared with controls. The longer first REM cycle in primary depression is construed to represent a disinhibition of neural processes that would normally either attenuate or delay this phenomenon. Accordingly, the possibility is raised that REM sleep disinhibition potentiates the mood disturbances and neurovegetative symptoms of endogenous/primary depression. PMID- 6511214 TI - Onset of pain threshold changes induced by neonatal monosodium glutamate. AB - Neonatal administration of monosodium glutamate (MSG) results in a number of anatomical, physiological and behavioral abnormalities, including changes in pain thresholds and analgesic responses. The present study compared the onsets of MSG induced changes in jump thresholds, hot-plate latencies, and body weight. At 30, 60 and 80 days of age, MSG-treated rats weighed significantly less than rats treated with either saline or hypertonic saline (HSAL), a control for possible osmolarity effects. Jump thresholds of MSG-treated rats were significantly lower than those of saline-treated rats at 80, but not at 45 days of age. In contrast, HSAL treatment decreased jump thresholds at 45, but not at 80 days of age. Hot plate latencies of MSG-treated rats were significantly longer than saline-treated rats across the time course of testing at 21, 45 and 80 days of age. Thus, not only did MSG treatment induce differential effects upon pain thresholds, but the onsets of such changes varied as a function of the test. The implications of differential onsets of MSG-induced abnormalities are discussed. PMID- 6511215 TI - Physiological variations of warm and cool sense with shift of environmental temperature. AB - In order to obtain control data on the temperature sense (warm and cool threshold values) of fingertips, the relationships between room temperature and either skin temperature, warm threshold or cool threshold of the middle fingertips were investigated in healthy subjects (6 males), using our thermo-esthesiometer. The skin temperature changes in a sigmoidal response with the variation of room temperature. A point of inflection for this response was observed at the room temperature of 15 degrees C, at which the greatest standard deviation of skin temperature occurred. The warm and cool thresholds, on the other hand, were also affected by variations of room temperature. Warm threshold and skin temperature or cool threshold and skin temperature bore a linear relation to each other, and the correlation coefficient was 0.854 in the former, and 0.925 in the latter, respectively. The disorder of temperature sensitivity (warm and cool thresholds) must always be considered together with the room temperature or skin temperature. On the other hand, the width of the neutral zone between warm and cool thresholds was affected by neither the changes of room temperature nor the changes of skin temperature. Hence, the width of the neutral zone was approximately constant, especially, at the room temperatures in the vicinity of 15 degrees C to 25 degrees C. PMID- 6511216 TI - Psychiatric problems of Turkish labourers in Holland. AB - A study is made of factors associated with adjustment and neurosis among male Turkish migrants in Amsterdam. A random sample of 180 with a mean age of 34 years were screened with the Cornell Medical Index. Forty-five per cent were deemed to be neurotic. On comparison with the normals it was found that neurosis was associated with high levels of physical illness and complaint. Severe psychiatric symptoms were prominent in the neurotic group and 36% used excessive amounts of alcohol. Psychological difficulties were also prominent among them. Many fear for their families at home and more than a half were unduly suspicious. The implications of these findings are discussed. PMID- 6511217 TI - Psychological and social disorders of Turkish women during an unaccepted pregnancy in a foreign country. AB - Up to 1976, legal interruption of pregnancy was only possible for medical reasons. During a 2-year period, 113 women, almost exclusively from the lower social class, presented for the legally prescribed examination. The problems arising from an undesired pregnancy, culturally, within the family and individually, are described in detail. The considerable problems in communication, the different ideas about morals and ethics, and the magical and mystical ideas in connection with contraception and pregnancy, have proven to be of the greatest importance. The indications for the interruption: psychiatric diagnosis, occupational possibilities, housing and the education of the women are examined. It is shown that the findings are of special importance in present-day West Berlin, since in certain districts the percentage of Turks already amounts to 10% of the inhabitants. To date little information has been gathered about the social and psychic background of these women, since the relevant legislation has only been recently liberalized. PMID- 6511218 TI - The Indochinese: strategies for health survival. AB - Compounding the "culture shock" of the Indochinese refugees were added problems of unemployment, and lack of housing and educational facilities, all leading to emotional distress. Traditional service delivery systems failed to show interest, much less offer needed service to the refugees who were stereotyped as deviant, unmotivated and resistant. The limited service that was offered ignored significant ethno-cultural factors central to effective intervention. An innovative approach was required. This paper describes a unique service program in New York City undertaken by Fordham University Graduate School of Social Service, and supported with a federal government grant. It was designed to reduce the refugees' strain and facilitate their adjustment. It trained bi-lingual and bi-cultural manpower with special skills to offer systemic, integrated and comprehensive service. The project demonstrated, quantitatively and qualitatively, that substantial impact can be made on the problems of refugees by providing ethno-centric service patterns. It provided trainees with entry-level knowledge and skill in the human services while offering relevant and responsive services to reduce the emotional strain, facilitate adjustment and secure entitlements for the refugees. It was but minimally successful in impacting on the established public and private delivery systems. PMID- 6511219 TI - Paternal absence and its effect on adolescent self-esteem. AB - Recent research has indicated that father absence is significantly related to self-concept of black adolescent males. Results suggest that where paternal absence exists in the home situation, the level of self-esteem tended to be affected more for males than for females. Where father was absent in the home, males tended also to have lower levels of self-esteem than females. Where self esteem of the child and core-facilitative conditions in mother were correlated significantly (p less than .05), male self-esteem was likely to be affected negatively. Therefore, presence of maternal core-facilitative conditions can favourably effect self-esteem of both male and female adolescents in father absent homes. PMID- 6511220 TI - Myths and stereotypes in minority groups. AB - Human groups display phenomena which seem unconsciously motivated and which are revealed in labels, stereotypes and modern myths. Such phenomena can be understood through a methodology applied by both Freud in psychoanalysis, and modern structuralists in anthropology. The forces operating behind myths and stereotypes are opposites. Assimilation on the one hand works toward forming larger group units. Ethocentrism on the other, resists assimilation by mechanisms such as splitting, projections, condensations and displacements. People belonging to minority groups are vulnerable to projected distortions and through a mechanism of projective-identification they enter into a collusion in order to embody projected elements. Illustrations are provided and neo-Freudian modifications are suggested to replace Freud's explanation by means of an aggressive instinct, and extensive sampling from clinical practice as well as scientific and folk literature is used. The so called "Puerto Rican Syndrome" is analyzed as a modern myth. PMID- 6511221 TI - Buffers for the bereaved: the impact of social factors on the emotional health of bereaving parents. AB - Emotional health of bereaving parents (N = 62; control N = 56) were explored 5 years after the death of a child (age 0-12) in Israel. The Symptom Check List-90 was utilized as the primary measurement instrument. Comparisons to controls according to geographic area of birth indicated more interpersonal (over)sensitivity, obsessive-compulsiveness and anxiety among Asia/African born parents as compared to either European/American or Israeli-born. All geographical groupings of bereaving parents indicated significantly greater somatic concerns than their respective controls. The college-educated Israeli-born bereaving parents indicated significantly healthier SCL-90 scores than similarly educated European/American-born bereaving parents. This was in contrast to the trend in which European-American-born parents (regardless of educational level) exhibited scores indicating the least symptomatology. PMID- 6511222 TI - Ultrastructure of remnant photoreceptors in advanced hereditary retinal degeneration. AB - The outer layers of the retinas of pigmented rats affected with hereditary retinal degeneration (rdy) were studied at an advanced stage in the degenerative process, ie, in 200 day old animals. At this age, most of the photoreceptors that survived the degenerative process were cones. The chromatin pattern of their nuclei clearly differentiated them from rods, displaced pigment cells and/or presumptive macrophages that also were found in the outer nuclear layer. None of the cones encountered had outer segments although structures resembling outer segment discs were found with a single cilium. Cones that had inner segments were found in regions of the retina that contained large accumulations of cellular debris. Cones that had lost both inner or outer segments, on the other hand, were found in regions that contained less debris. In such cells, the perikaryon of the cone was rich in mitochondria and other organelles; and the cilium arose directly from the cell body. The morphology of the cones and the fact that they were found in regions of the retina that contained different amounts of cellular debris suggested that cones with inner segments were in an early stage of degeneration while those that had lost inner segments were in a later stage of degeneration. All the cones encountered contained a variety of organelles including: free ribosomes, rough endoplasmic reticulum, and the Golgi apparatus. The cones that survived retinal degeneration therefore appeared to retain the cellular organelles needed for the production of photosensitive pigments. As a consequence, they may be capable of photoreceptor functions. PMID- 6511223 TI - Displaced ganglion cells in the rabbit retina. AB - Displaced ganglion cells were studied in the rabbit retina after filling them with horseradish peroxidase via injections into the optic nerve. These cells are primarily in areas outside of the visual streak. They are larger than other inner nuclear layer cells and are the size of the smallest neurons in the ganglion cell layer. Large labeled cells (greater than 20 microns) are found only in the ganglion cell layer. These findings further illustrate the wide variability in the size and distribution of displaced ganglion cells in the retinas of different mammals. PMID- 6511224 TI - Prenatal and postnatal growth of the human Descemet's membrane. AB - The origin, growth in thickness, and differentiation of Descemet's membrane was studied by light, electron microscopic, morphometric, and statistical methods in 67 specimens from 12 weeks of gestation to 98 years. Descemet's membrane is formed by three major processes: growth in thickness during the prenatal period, prenatal differentiation into a striated basement membrane, and growth in thickness during the postnatal period. The initial step is the synthesis of an ordinary basement membrane, which is very thin and quite different in appearance from the adult Descemet's membrane. Growth of the prenatal Descemet's membrane then proceeds by deposition of a series of similar "membrane units," which are stacked to form a lamellar structure consisting of at least 30 layers by the end of gestation. Second, during prenatal life, differentiation of the membrane leads to the formation of a striated structure through the gradual addition of short and thin cross-linking bridges separated by 110-nm intervals that are disposed in a plane perpendicular to the lamellae. The third process occurs in postnatal life when the membrane continues to grow in thickness by deposition of a nonstriated, nonlamellar material posterior to the striated prenatal layer. Regression analysis suggests that prenatal growth proceeds at a rapid but variable rate best described by a "sigmoid-like" function of age. Postnatal growth, in contrast, proceeds in a predominantly exponential manner but at a slower pace than in the prenatal period. The low variability and large size of our set of measurements make these data especially useful for comparisons with pathologic specimens. PMID- 6511226 TI - Computer-assisted corneal topography. High-resolution graphic presentation and analysis of keratoscopy. AB - Keratoscopy is a useful clinical tool for the evaluation of topographic abnormalities of the corneal surface. However, not all the detailed information presented by keratoscope photographs is assessed easily by visual inspection. A computer-based analysis system therefore was developed to assist in the clinical interpretation of keratoscope images. With this system, deviations from sphericity are displayed in graphic form to aid in the recognition of abnormalities, and surface powers are presented in tabular form. Human eyes that are emmetropic, and eyes with keratoconus and severe astigmatism were analyzed. This process provides a useful quantitative method with which to determine corneal shape, as well as a useful adjunct to the clinical evaluation and teaching of keratoscopy. In addition, such a quantitative analysis may provide the basis for the development of new techniques for the correction of visual distortion caused by corneal surface irregularities. PMID- 6511225 TI - Corneal endothelial function and structure following cryo-injury in the rabbit. AB - Wide-field specular microscopy, fluorophotometry, pachymetry, and scanning electron microscopy are used to characterize a reproducible, in vivo model of corneal endothelial injury and recovery in the rabbit. Following an 8-mm central cryo-injury, the cornea remains thickened for as long as 3 weeks. Mean endothelial permeability to fluorescein is above normal for 10 days following injury, but by 14 days postinjury the endothelial permeability to fluorescein is not statistically significantly different from preinjury control values, thus indicating that endothelial permeability probably returns to normal by approximately 2 weeks postinjury. Cell morphology, as determined by scanning electron microscopy, is also essentially normal by 2 weeks postinjury. Endothelial permeability appears to recover before stromal thickness normalizes, suggesting a lag in recovery of endothelial pump function. PMID- 6511227 TI - Capillaries of human overacting extraocular muscles. AB - The capillaries of overacting inferior oblique muscles from children with strabismus and of dog inferior oblique muscles were ultrastructurally described. Biopsy material was used in all instances. The mean diameter of the capillary lumen was 2.03 microns for the human inferior oblique and 2.76 microns for the dog inferior oblique. Quantitative estimates of capillary basement membrane width were obtained by two different methods of measurement. The capillaries of human and dog inferior oblique muscles were compared with capillaries of human gastrocnemius muscle and of dog quadriceps muscle. The data were statistically evaluated. It was found that the mean basement membrane width of capillaries of overacting inferior oblique muscles is quite similar to that of the dog normal inferior oblique muscles, showing 2,049 A in overacting muscles and 1,976 A in normal muscles. With both methods of measurement, the mean basement membrane width of inferior oblique muscles appeared thicker than the mean basement membrane of capillaries of the leg muscles in man and in dog as well. It is suggested that the thickening of the capillary basement membrane of inferior oblique muscles represents a regional characteristic. Marked variation in the thickness of the basement membrane was encountered in all muscles. PMID- 6511228 TI - Lateralization of the flash visual-evoked cortical potential in human albinos. AB - Investigations were undertaken to determine which particular components of the flash visual-evoked cortical potential (VECP) lateralize on monocular stimulation in human albinos. Our results demonstrate that only the major positive component shows clear lateralization. Statistical analysis revealed that the latency lateralization was significant (P less than 0.001) while the amplitude lateralization was not. PMID- 6511229 TI - Polarography: an oxygen survey correlating oxygen transmissibility to "EOP" values. AB - A polarographic oxygen electrode was used to measure the oxygen transmissibility of seven contact lenses of varying water content and center thickness. A similar electrode was used to measure the oxygen uptake following wear of these same contact lenses for both the open- and closed-eyelid conditions on five young healthy subjects. Linear regression revealed a strong correlation between oxygen transmissibility and equivalent oxygen percentage (EOP) values for both the open- and closed-eyelid conditions. This strong correlation between these two oxygen parameters shows both are useful in predicting the oxygen tensions across the tear-epithelial interface during contact lens wear. PMID- 6511230 TI - Preservative alteration of corneal permeability in humans and rabbits. AB - Isotonic, neutral buffered solutions of benzalkonium chloride or chlorhexidine digluconate were applied topically to one eye of rabbits or human subjects. Contralateral control eyes received phosphate buffered saline as placebo. One half hour later, the tear film of both eyes was loaded with nonpreserved sodium fluorescein. Anterior chamber fluorescence levels were measured at 1 hr intervals to determine corneal permeability changes attributable to preservative action. In rabbits, corneal permeability increased with rising preservative concentration. Benzalkonium chloride 0.01% increased anterior chamber fluorescence level 1.8 (+/ 0.2 SEM) times over control eyes, while chlorhexidine digluconate 0.01% caused 1.5 (+/- 0.2 SEM) to one ratio of fluorescence in treated/untreated eyes. In human subjects, neither preservative produced significant permeability change at 0.01% concentration. However, benzalkonium chloride 0.02% caused 1.23 (+/- 0.08 SEM) permeability increase. The results support the hypothesis that rabbits are more sensitive to single-dose applications of preservatives than humans. PMID- 6511231 TI - Apparent accommodation in pseudophakic eyes after implantation of posterior chamber intraocular lenses: optical analysis. AB - The authors measured apparent accommodation in 39 pseudophakic eyes (31 patients) after implantation of posterior chamber intraocular lenses. The mean apparent accommodation was 2.01 +/- 0.95 D. The authors also measured each patient's pupillary diameter, anterior chamber depth, and corneal refractive power to calculate the factor that represents the depth of field. The authors found a significant correlation between apparent accommodation and depth of field. The correlation between apparent accommodation and calculated depth of field is statistically significant (r = 0.48, P less than 0.005). PMID- 6511233 TI - The pharmacokinetics of subcutaneous bolus cytosine arabinoside in an arachis oil plus aluminium distearate suspension. AB - An attempt was made to create a delayed release preparation of cytosine arabinoside (araC) which could be administered subcutaneously, and would produce plasma levels similar to steady state infusion concentrations. A thixotropic suspension of araC in arachis oil and aluminium distearate was formulated. This preparation was similar to that previously used with bleomycin oil suspension and procaine penicillin. Two hundred mg/ml of araC in arachis oil containing varying amounts of aluminium distearate were administered firstly to New Zealand White rabbits and then to patients with acute myelogenous leukaemia. This preparation was well tolerated by both rabbits and patients but did not delay the release of araC from the subcutaneous tissues. PMID- 6511232 TI - Phase II study of carminomycin in a human tumor cloning assay. AB - The anticancer activity of carminomycin was investigated in a human tumor cloning assay. No efficacy could be identified in the WiDr and the MCF7 cell lines which were highly responsive to doxorubicin. In addition, drug testing experiments were carried out in samples of various malignancies freshly obtained from 86 patients of whom 54 had not received prior anthracyclines. A reduction in the number of tumor colony forming units by 50% or more was seen in 1/26 breast cancers, 1/22 ovarian cancers and 1/7 melanomas. Cross-resistance studies indicated that eight tumors were responsive to doxorubicin only and one to carminomycin only whereas two were sensitive to both and 73 were resistant to both. This in vitro Phase II study corroborates the disappointing clinical results achieved with carminomycin. PMID- 6511234 TI - A method for the simultaneous measurement of the new anthracycline derivative 4' deoxydoxorubicin and its metabolites by reversed phase liquid chromatography. AB - The anthracycline analog 4'-deoxydoxorubicin (4'-deoxyDX) is a clinically promising antineoplastic agent due to its high potency, broad spectrum of activity, and decreased cardiotoxicity relative to DX. To assess its physicochemical properties and disposition kinetics, we have developed a rapid, sensitive, and precise HPLC assay for the simultaneous analysis of 4'-deoxyDX and its potential metabolites in biological samples. The assay has a detection limit of 5 ng/ml with an average recovery of 95 +/- 5%. Precision of the assay is less than 7%. Using this assay we have measured the concentrations of 4'-deoxyDX in patient plasma and urine after an intravenous injection of 4'-deoxyDX. A major metabolite, which co-eluted chromatographically with 4'-deoxydoxorubicinol, was observed in both plasma and urine. PMID- 6511235 TI - Phase I study with 4'-deoxydoxorubicin. AB - 4'-Deoxydoxorubicin (dxDx), a new doxorubicin analogue, was administered intravenously on a 3-week schedule to 73 patients affected by advanced malignant neoplasms. Sixty-five patients, treated with eight dose levels ranging from 10 to 45 mg/m2, were evaluable. The dose-limiting toxicity was myelosuppression, mainly leukopenia. About one third of the patients complained of vomiting which was almost always mild. Minimal hair loss was also documented in about 40% of patients. No hepatic or renal toxicity was observed. Transient and aspecific electrocardiographic changes were recorded in 6% of patients after 1 h and in 3% after 24 h from drug injection. Left ventricular ejection fraction was decreased in two patients after a cumulative dose of 90 mg/m2. One patient died with cardiorespiratory insufficiency and his initial cardiovascular disease might have been aggravated by dxDx. No changes in myocardial function parameters were documented in 18 patients who reached higher cumulative doses, i.e. greater than or equal to 100 mg/m2 and greater than or equal to 200 mg/m2. The highest total dose administered in this study was 340 mg/m2. Therapeutic activity was observed with doses ranging from 25 to 45 mg/m2. Partial response was documented in pancreatic, colon, anal and breast carcinomas as well as in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Minor response was observed in prostatic, thyroid, and renal carcinomas as well as in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. The maximum tolerated dose was assessed to be between 40 and 45 mg/m2. A Phase II trial is ongoing utilizing the dose of 35 mg/m2 every 3 weeks. PMID- 6511236 TI - A Phase I trial of spirogermanium administered on a continuous infusion schedule. AB - We have evaluated the toxicity of the antitumor agent spirogermanium on a schedule of continuous intravenous administration for periods up to five days. The doses tested were between 100 mg/m2/day and 500 mg/m2/day. Peripheral vein phlebitis occurred at all dose levels and was not relieved by addition of hydrocortisone or heparin to the infusion. No phlebitis occurred when the drug was administered through a central vein. The dose limiting toxicity of spirogermanium was neurologic, notably tremors and mental confusion. These problems became progressively more severe at doses above 250 mg/m2/day. There was no discernible bone marrow, renal or hepatic toxicity. One patient developed reversible interstitial pneumonitis. The recommended Phase II dose of spirogermanium is 200 mg/m2/day for five days, with the possibility of escalation in selected patients. Because spirogermanium is more toxic to tumor cells with prolonged exposure than with intermittent exposure, this schedule could be considered for Phase II trials, particularly in diseases thought to be especially sensitive such as ovarian and prostatic carcinoma or lymphomas. PMID- 6511237 TI - Phase I evaluation of AT-125 single dose every three weeks. AB - A Phase I trial of AT-125 was completed for the bolus dose every three week schedule. Dose limiting toxicity was primarily central nervous system (CNS) in the form of ataxia, confusion, hallucinations and dysarthria. Although this was most severe at doses of 150 mg/m2, lesser symptoms were reported at all dose levels. Nausea and vomiting were moderate to severe at higher doses. Myelosuppression did not occur. This schedule is not recommended for Phase II studies until methods are developed to reduce drug-related CNS toxicity. PMID- 6511238 TI - Vindesine in advanced breast cancer, lymphoma and melanoma. A Colorado Clinical Oncology Group study. AB - Fifty-six patients with advanced metastatic carcinoma of the breast, melanoma and lymphoma were treated with the new vinca alkaloid vindesine in a prospective Phase II study. The dose was 3 mg/M2 by I.V. bolus once a week for a minimum of two doses. Patients who failed to respond to four I.V. doses were treated with 48 h intravenous infusions at a dose of 1.5 mg/M2 per 24 h. Of the 26 evaluable patients with breast cancer, there were only two incomplete responses and four patients who experienced stabilization of disease. Of the 12 evaluable patients with melanoma, no responses were seen with four patients experiencing stabilization of disease. Of the 11 patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, there was one complete remission which persisted for 26 months and two partial remissions. No additional responses were seen when the mode of administration was changed to 48-h infusion in three patients with breast cancer, five patients with melanoma and one patient with lymphoma. Significant toxicities included neutropenia in 24 patients and nausea and vomiting in two patients. There were no drug related deaths. Previously reported experience with vindesine in these tumors is reviewed as well. PMID- 6511239 TI - Phase II trial of mitoxantrone in head and neck cancer. AB - Mitoxantrone (1,4-dihydroxy-5,8-bis[2-[(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]ethyl)amino)-9, 10 anthracenedione dihydrochloride, NSC 301,739) is a new aminoanthraquinone derivative with clinical activity in the treatment of advanced breast cancer (1, 2), lymphoma (3), and acute leukemia (4). We have carried out a phase II trial of mitoxantrone using an every three weeks dosing schedule in patients with advanced head and neck cancers. PMID- 6511240 TI - Phase II evaluation of dianhydrogalactitol in the treatment of advanced non squamous cervical carcinoma. A Gynecologic Oncology Group study. AB - In an on-going Phase II evaluation, dianhydrogalactitol (NSC 132313) was administered intravenously to 28 patients with advanced or recurrent non-squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix. The initial dosage was 60 mg/m2/wk with escalation to 75 mg/m2/wk if there were no adverse effects. Twenty-seven patients were evaluable for toxicity and response. There was one complete response and one partial response. Adverse effects were not infrequent but tolerable. PMID- 6511241 TI - Phase I trial of 4'-deoxydoxorubicin given weekly. AB - Twenty-six patients with various solid tumors entered a Phase I trial with 4' Deoxydoxorubicin (Esorubicin, IMI-58), a new doxorubicin analogue. The drug was administered weekly i.v. for 3-4 weeks. Leukopenia proved to be dose limiting. The maximum tolerated dose (MTD) was reached at 20 mg/m2 weekly for 3 weeks. For Phase II trials, a weekly dose of 15 and 17.5 mg/m2 can be proposed for poor and good risk patients respectively. Non-hematologic toxicity was minimal. Phase II trials with this new anthracycline are warranted. PMID- 6511242 TI - Phase I study of 7-N-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-mitomycin C. AB - The Phase I study of N-7-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-mitomycin C (KW 2083, M 83) was performed. The dose-limiting toxicity was leukopenia and thrombocytopenia and a maximum tolerable dose was 70 mg/m2. Nonhematologic toxicities included nausea (44%), vomiting (13%), diarrhea (2.7%), azotemia (8.1%), proteinuria (5.4%), alopecia (8.1%) and elevated hepatic enzymes (2.7%). This Phase I study indicates that the recommended starting dose for Phase II studies for patients without significant myelosuppression would be 50 mg/m2 at 6 week intervals in an intravenous push. KW 2083 should be avoided in patients with impaired renal functions and proteinuria because of permanent renal damages caused by the drug. PMID- 6511243 TI - Southwest Oncology Group study of Mitoxantrone for treatment of patients with advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. AB - Twenty-two patients are evaluable for response in a Phase II trial of Mitoxantrone for advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. One patient had a partial response, one an improvement and twenty had progressive disease. The major toxicities were leukopenia and thrombocytopenia. There was no significant antitumor activity of Mitoxantrone in this group of patients with head and neck cancer, most of whom were previously treated with radiation and chemotherapy. PMID- 6511244 TI - Advantages of integrated trials for performing multiple Phase II studies. AB - Phase II trials can be conducted in an integrated fashion that minimizes assignment of patients to potentially ineffective treatments. The technique allows definitions of response to include survival; earlier identification of more effective drugs; and completion of more Phase II studies in a given time period. It also encourages investigators to analyse results promptly. Because the analysis of each trial is independent, the statistical power of the analysis of results is retained. Identified shortcomings of the method include the need for a central mechanism to assign patients to treatment, the need for several drugs to be tested, physicians' uncertainty about which drug a particular patient will receive, and the increased time it may take to complete an individual trial. PMID- 6511245 TI - AUR Memorial Award. Two computer models for selection of optimal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) pulse sequence timing. AB - Two computer modeling techniques have been developed that aid in the selection of optimal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) pulse sequences and timing intervals for specific clinical situations. The "parameter sensitivity" technique provides a means of selecting three separate MRI scans which are individually sensitive to changes in each of the three NMR tissue parameters N, T1, and T2. The "contrast" technique allows selection of a single optimal MRI sequence using the expected changes in all three tissue parameters simultaneously. Excellent correlation is demonstrated between the models and images obtained in a normal volunteer and in a patient with multiple sclerosis. The two methods compliment each other; the parameter sensitivity method is most useful in situations where subtle changes in tissue parameters are expected, whereas the contrast method is suited to circumstances where large differences in tissue parameters are anticipated and the magnitude and direction of these changes are known. PMID- 6511246 TI - The measurement of multidimensional myocardial dynamics using scattered radiation fields. AB - A new radiographic device, based upon the analysis of scattered radiation fields, has been developed to measure myocardial dynamics. The device consists of an array of detectors arranged to monitor photons scattering from the epicardial surface. Data synthesis permits real-time dynamic displays of the epicardial surface in two and three dimensions. The system has been tested on close-chest canines. Epicardial surface displacements within the closed chest cavity can be measured to 0.1 mm (S.D.). Right or left ventricular surfaces may be monitored on a given scan. Surfaces behind or in front of outer myocardial boundaries within the direct field of view of the detectors are located with equal accuracy. Except for the use of low levels of fluoroscopic x-rays, the procedure is completely noninvasive. Radiation dose levels and component costs for the prototype system are modest. The detector system attaches to a standard fluoroscopic x-ray generator. PMID- 6511247 TI - CT of a bronchial phantom. Factors affecting appearance and size measurements. AB - In order to determine the most appropriate window settings for viewing CT of the bronchial tree, we performed CT of a bronchial phantom consisting of air-filled tubes measuring from 3.1 to 12.7 mm, oriented at varying angles relative to the scan plane, surrounded by water or air, and with scan collimation of 10 mm, 5 mm, and 1.5 mm. Using a computer program to graphically display CT number relative to the distance across the tube's lumen, it was found that a window mean of -150 H accurately estimated the internal diameter of tubes surrounded by water, at all angles, when collimation was 5 mm or 1.5 mm. With 10-mm collimation, tube diameter was slightly underestimated for tubes 9.5 mm or less when oriented 30 degrees or more from perpendicular to the plane of scan. At lower window settings and window widths of 500 H or less, all tube's diameters were significantly underestimated. At -150 H, with tubes parallel to and centered in the scan plane, 5-mm and 1.5-mm collimation were most accurate; with decentering of 4 mm, 10-mm collimation better showed the tube's lumen. When surrounded by air, tube wall thickness was best estimated using a window mean of -450 H. PMID- 6511248 TI - Studies of tissue NMR relaxation enhancement by manganese. Dose and time dependences. AB - Manganese is a powerful paramagnetic material and potential NMR contrast agent. It drastically affects the NMR properties of solutions and tissues and is less toxic than most other transition elements. It also possesses some unusual and advantageous features; it alters T1 and T2 to different degrees, and it can bind to macromolecules to become even more effective at reducing proton relaxation times. The dose dependence of tissue relaxation rate increases has been measured in mice, and proton relaxation enhancement ratios that describe binding effects have been evaluated. These ratios imply that a tenfold reduction in manganese dose is achievable when the ion binds to intracellular components, and it is demonstrated that such binding effects can be a major factor in the efficacy of contrast enhancement. The effect of manganese on the ratio T1/T2 is dose dependent so that lower doses may be more useful for some imaging techniques. The postmortem time course of relaxation times in organs containing manganese varies between organs and with manganese content, and demonstrates that the relationship between tissue relaxation enhancement and metal content is not a simple correlation with concentration since large variations in T1 and T2 can occur even when metal and water content are fixed. PMID- 6511249 TI - Renal ablation with absolute ethanol. Mechanism of action. AB - The mechanism of renal ablation by intra-arterial ethanol was studied in 16 mongrel dogs. Ethanol injection rates were varied, and light and electron microscopic studies were performed to detect early parenchymal changes in the kidneys. Pure ischemic injury was also studied as a control. Findings showed extensive parenchymal injury plays a significant role in renal ablation with permanent thrombosis as a delayed event. Acute arterial occlusion occurred with slow ethanol injection rates due to embolization by damaged blood components. PMID- 6511250 TI - Specific enhancement of intra-abdominal abscesses with perfluoroctylbromide for CT imaging. AB - Perfluoroctylbromide (PFOB), a radiopaque reticuloendothelial system contrast media for computed tomography, has been shown to accumulate in macrophages. In the current study PFOB was tested in rabbits as an abscess imaging agent. Two abscesses were induced in each of 24 rabbits, one in the liver and the other in the peritoneal cavity. CT of the rabbit abdomen was performed four days later, two days after the administration of 5 gm/Kg of PFOB to 12 of these rabbits. The average enhancement of the wall of liver abscesses was by 140 Hounsfield units (HU) relative to the enhanced liver and peritoneal abscesses by 135 HU relative to the control group. This enhancement was secondary to the intense accumulation of PFOB filled macrophages in the abscess wall. In those rabbits where the liver abscess ruptured, the edges of the peritoneal collections enhanced by 147 HU. Regions of inflammation prior to liquifaction enhanced considerably. These areas could not be detected in the animals not receiving PFOB. Though the liquified center of liver abscesses could be seen in the absence of PFOB, none of the peritoneal abscesses could be detected in the animals not receiving PFOB. In contradistinction, all peritoneal abscesses enhanced considerably following PFOB allowing their prospective localization. In conclusion, PFOB accumulates in abscess walls and areas of inflammation producing marked CT enhancement of liver and peritoneal abscess collections. This enhancement allowed the differentiation of peritoneal abscess collections from adjacent bowel. PMID- 6511251 TI - Concentration of 99mTc-HIDA and iopanoic glucuronide by the gallbladder. AB - To determine the ability of the gallbladder to concentrate Technetium 99mHIDA, both HIDA and iopanoic glucuronide were introduced directly into ligated gallbladders of anesthetized dogs. Serial bile samples were drawn to measure the concentration of each agent over a three hour period. Both biliary imaging agents were concentrated by the normal gallbladder. The results suggest that 99mTc-HIDA may be useful to study the gallbladder mucosal function of concentrating capacity in patients at risk for kidney damage by the standard cholecystographic agents like iopanoic acid. PMID- 6511252 TI - Ultrasonic detection of red cell aggregation immediately preceding blood clotting. AB - High-resolution ultrasonic imaging of circulating blood was used to study the relation between red cell aggregation and blood clotting in vitro. A reversible increase in echogenicity produced by red cell aggregation occurred in moving heparinized blood as shear rate was decreased. We induced clotting of the heparinized blood by administration of protamine. At both low (1.6 sec-1) and moderate (22.6 sec-1) mean shear rates, transient homogenous increased echogenicity indicative of red cell aggregation preceded blood clotting. In separate experiments, we established that protamine can cause increased echogenicity due to red cell aggregation which can be reversed by adding heparin to circulating suspended red cells in the absence of clotting factors. Presumably, these effects of protamine and heparin are due to electrostatic bonding involving red cell surfaces. We conclude from these studies that red cell aggregation precedes clotting of heparinized blood by protamine at low and moderate shear rates. PMID- 6511253 TI - Comparison scans while reading chest images. Taught, but not practiced. AB - Radiology instructors and residents were surveyed for their methods of instruction concerning viewing techniques. A similar group of radiologists had their eye activity measured as they viewed chest images. Image reading techniques are taught to be systematic and directive with comparisons of bilateral features. Yet, most images are read by a free search method; bilateral comparisons comprise less than 4% of the visual activity. Instructors and residents show this discrepancy between instructional techniques and reading practice. PMID- 6511254 TI - Pulmonary nodules and spontaneous pneumothorax in an adolescent female. PMID- 6511255 TI - Translational molecular self-diffusion in magnetic resonance imaging. I. Effects on observed spin-spin relaxation. AB - The reduced T2 (spin-spin) relaxation times (T2obs less than 200 ms) measured on pure fluids on our 0.35T magnetic resonance imagers stimulated an investigation into this phenomenon. The cause for the short T2obs of fluids was found to be translational molecular self-diffusion of hydrogen nuclei through the pulsed slice-selective magnetic gradient in the imagers. Similar reductions in biological tissue T2obs were also attributed to molecular self-diffusion. PMID- 6511256 TI - Translational molecular self-diffusion in magnetic resonance imaging. II. Measurement of the self-diffusion coefficient. AB - By varying slice-selective gradients in successive data acquisitions, the first in vitro measurements of molecular self-diffusion coefficients were performed in a magnetic resonance imager at 0.35 Tesla. Reasonably accurate measurements were found by the MRI method in comparison with 2.3 T NMR spectrometer measurements on the same samples, and in comparison to reported literature values. Thus, in addition to T1, T2, mobile proton density, flow velocity, magnetic susceptibility, and chemical shift, molecular self-diffusion coefficients are now added to the list of biophysical parameters measurable by magnetic resonance imaging in the noninvasive characterization of biological systems. PMID- 6511257 TI - Three-dimensional left ventricular wall motion in man. Coordinate systems for representing wall movement direction. AB - We have studied the three-dimensional (3D) motion of left ventricular (LV) epicardial points by tracking one to three dozen coronary artery bifurcations in eleven human subjects. Wall motion was analyzed using several different coordinate systems: (1) cylindrical centered about the LV long axis, (2) spherical with origin at the LV center-of-gravity (COG), and (3) spherical with origin at the LV center-of-contraction (COC), the best-fit 3D point toward which the wall moves. The coordinate systems were studied both fixed and moving with time. Three-dimensional motions were decomposed into three directional components, with high radial (in and out) percentages being regarded as the figure-of-merit of a given coordinate system. Average percentage radial motions were fixed cylindrical 16%, fixed spherical COG 35%, fixed spherical COC 47%, moving cylindrical 17%, moving spherical COG 30%, moving spherical COC 91%. Spherical systems were generally better than cylindrical systems, with the COC representing a better origin than the COG. Moving systems were appreciably better than fixed only for the COC model, indicating that the COC, which traverses up and down the LV midline, moves significantly while the other systems are more stationary. At each instant in time, almost all (91%) of the 3D motion of the entire heart wall is directed toward a single moving 3D point, the COC. Thus, there exists in principle a near-perfect 3D heart wall motion model. Approximately 25% of 3D wall motion is unseen in conventional monoplane views. Also, any model that represents 3D wall motion only along fixed straight 3D lines (eg, end-diastole to end-systole) necessarily ignores 27% of the true 3D heart wall motion. PMID- 6511259 TI - Timing in the normal pharyngeal swallow. Prospective selection and evaluation of 16 normal asymptomatic patients. AB - A review of timing of pharyngeal events with radiography has been made. A prospective selection of normal asymptomatic patients presenting for a gastrointestinal evaluation was made and timing of 55 events in the videorecorded pharyngeal swallow in these patients was performed. Only 16 normal asymptomatic patients as defined for selection were found among 870 patients presenting for gastroesophageal examination. A detailed description of their timing observations is presented. The timing data were used to temporally order events in the pharyngeal swallow. This ordering of events in the pharyngeal swallow and the data upon which it is based are reported here in detail. PMID- 6511260 TI - Radioimmunodetection of a transplantable human bladder carcinoma in a nude mouse. AB - The results of an in vitro mixed hemadsorption (MHA) assay predicted the success of in vivo tumor localization using a radioiodinated, monoclonal, IgG1 antibody (A2) with reactivity to the human bladder carcinoma cell line RT4. In vitro, murine monoclonal antibodies A2 and G6, demonstrated reactivity to RT4 with titers of 1/1024 and 1/4 by MHA assay, respectively. In vivo results obtained with RT4 xenografts in athymic nude, Balb/c, mice indicated tumor uptakes of 1.10% dose/gram with A2 and 0.29% dose/gram with G6 at seven days after radiotracer injection. Successful scintigraphic imaging of tumor xenografts was achieved with A2 but not with G6 or radioiodinated mouse serum albumin. PMID- 6511261 TI - Radioisotopic techniques for noninvasive detection of platelet deposition in bovine-tissue mitral-valve prostheses and in vitro quantification of visceral microembolism in dogs. AB - Platelet deposition on bovine pericardial-tissue mitral-valve prostheses in 11 dogs was observed noninvasively by use of 111In-labeled platelets and quantified after sacrifice at one (n = 3), 14 (n = 3), and 30 (n = 5) days postimplantation (300-400 microCi of labeled platelets having been injected 24 hours previously). Thrombosis on the sewing ring and pericardial leaflets at one and 14 days and on the leaflets at 30 days was delineated in scintiphotos. In vitro quantification (% injected dose) indicated that the leaflets, sewing ring, and perivalvular tissue retained 0.904% of labeled platelets at one day postimplantation, 0.198% at 14 days, and 0.040% at 30 days. Platelet half-life was reduced to 38 hours at 21 days postimplantation but returned toward the normal (50 hours) with fibrous ingrowth in the sewing ring. Microembolism in lung and kidney, as measured by tissue/blood radioactivity ratio, also was decreased significantly at 30 days. 111In-labeled platelets thus provide a sensitive marker for noninvasive imaging and in vitro quantification of platelet deposition on valvular prostheses and microemboli trapped in viscera, although histochemical confirmation will be necessary to correlate the increase in tissue/blood ratio with the presence of microembolism. PMID- 6511262 TI - Nitroxyl spin label contrast enhancers for magnetic resonance imaging. Studies of acute toxicity and mutagenesis. AB - Two nitroxyl spin label (NSL) compounds that are used experimentally as in vivo contrast enhancers in magnetic resonance (MR) imaging were tested for acute toxicity in rats and for genotoxic effects in cell cultures. These compounds, 2,2,5,5-tetramethyl-1-pyrrolidinyl-oxy-3-carboxylic acid (PCA) and 2,2,6,6 tetramethyl-1-oxido-4-piperidinyl-1-succinic acid (TES) and their hydroxylamine and amine derivatives did not induce sister chromatid exchanges or mutations in Chinese hamster ovary cells at the HGPRT or Na+/K+ ATPase loci. The acute LD50 doses in rats for PCA and TES are 15.1 mmol/kg or greater, suggesting relatively high tolerance. PMID- 6511258 TI - Organ ablation by fluid emboli. An experimental study comparing two solidifying liquids. AB - Embolization for ablation of organs and tumor infarction requires uniform permanent occlusion of the distal vasculature. This is best accomplished through the use of solidifying liquids. The study on 15 dogs reported here compares the degree of peripheral vascular embolization and its relation to tissue infarction both acutely and chronically following embolization of the renal arteries with two solidifying liquids, a low viscosity silicone and the occlusion gel Ethibloc. Silicone produced quite uniform distal distribution including 50 to 80% (mean 66%) of renal glomeruli, whereas Ethibloc occluded more proximally and reached only 10 to 50% (mean 22%) of all glomeruli. After three months complete cortical infarction of all nine kidneys embolized with silicone was found, whereas two of the three kidneys embolized with Ethibloc retained nests of viable glomeruli. Balloon occlusion of the entire renal artery inflow during embolization prevented distal venous emboli whereas partial inflow occlusion allowed systemic venous embolization. It is concluded that due to its more uniform distal penetration low viscosity silicone is a more suitable embolization agent than Ethibloc for organ ablation. Total arterial inflow occlusion during embolization effectively prevents systemic venous embolization. PMID- 6511263 TI - Pharmacokinetics of nitroxide NMR contrast agents. AB - Pharmacokinetics of the nitroxide stable free radical functionality of compounds containing this moiety were evaluated in the rat. The agents were injected i.v. at either high (1.75 mmoles/kg) or low (10 mumoles/kg) dose, and timed blood samples were drawn and assayed for nitroxide concentration by EPR spectrometry. Similarly, various organs and tissues were removed at specified times after injection and homogenized for determination of nitroxide concentration. Urine was collected by catheter for estimation of urinary excretion of the intact nitroxide free radical. At high doses, the various nitroxides exhibited an initial rapid disposition phase, followed by a terminal disposition phase with disappearance from the blood showing apparent log-linear half-lives of about 5 to 30 minutes. Generally, 20 to 60% of the dose was recovered in the urine. At low doses, dissimilar results were obtained. Blood levels again showed biphasic decay; however, blood concentrations at all times were much lower than those predicted by the high dose kinetics, indicating probably nonlinear pharmacokinetic behavior. Tissue homogenate studies showed low or nondetectable levels of nitroxide signal, demonstrating that the low blood concentrations could not be accounted for by a rapid uptake into specific tissues. Moreover, only 2 to 6% of the nitroxide could be recovered in the urine. Additional studies demonstrated that at the low dose a rapid in vivo bioreduction occurred which appeared to be saturable at the higher dose. PMID- 6511264 TI - Iohexol in patients with previous adverse reactions to contrast media. AB - Iohexol (Omnipaque) was used for enhancement of brain CT in 17 patients with previous adverse reactions to contrast media. Two of these patients also had cerebral angiography using iohexol. No premedication was given. The only adverse reaction was a skin reaction 24 hours after the iohexol injection, which might have been induced by the contrast medium or treatment with antibiotics. Five of the patients had repeated iohexol injections at different occasions without adverse reactions. PMID- 6511265 TI - Contrast media induced pulmonary edema. Comparison of ionic and nonionic agents in an animal model. AB - High intravenous doses of diatrizoate are known to induce pulmonary edema in the rat. The newer generation of contrast media--nonionics and monovalent dimers--are considered less toxic than diatrizoate. In this study we evaluated the degree of pulmonary edema induced by a high dose (6 g I/kg) of these new agents and found that Ioxaglate produced higher lung weights than Renografin 60 and Iopamidol. Iohexol and Amipaque did not induce a significant degree of edema. The model used in this study demonstrates distinct differences in pulmonary toxicity among these new agents, when given in doses exceedingly higher than given in clinical practice. PMID- 6511266 TI - The effect of iohexol on glucose metabolism compared with metrizamide. AB - In a previous in vitro study we demonstrated reduced CO2 production in rat hippocampal tissue when metrizamide was added. This metabolic depression is believed to be a result of the 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG) portion of the metrizamide molecule since 2-DG is a known competitive inhibitor of glucose metabolism. This competitive inhibition probably occurs at the cell membrane since it has never been shown that metrizamide penetrates neural cells. Further the inhibition is most likely related to competition for the membrane glucose carrier. A new nonionic contrast medium, iohexol, does not contain a 2-DG component and if the hypothesis for the metabolic inhibition is valid we should not expect metabolic inhibition with iohexol. This hypothesis was tested using the rat hippocampus model previously used for metrizamide. We compared iohexol with metrizamide in isotonic concentrations and also examined the effect of hypertonicity. These experiments did not demonstrate inhibition of CO2 production with iohexol at near physiologic osmolalities, however, there was a marked depressive effect with increasing osmolality. This effect from hypertonicity is, however, probably of less importance in vivo where water will rapidly diffuse toward the hypertonic areas. The apparent lack of interference of the iohexol molecule on glucose metabolism should therefore make iohexol a more suitable contrast medium, for subarachnoid investigations than metrizamide. PMID- 6511268 TI - ROC analysis of mammography and palpation for breast screening. AB - Receiver operating characteristic curves (ROCs) for mammography and clinical palpation individually and in combination are generated using screening data from Breast Cancer Detection Demonstration Project (BCDDP) No. 25. Detailed standard records of disease features observed on screening were kept by all examiners. And actual disease states at examination were determined for each case by pathology or follow-up. The ROCs are produced from these objective data without the usual concern for examiners' ultimate diagnostic conclusions. Comparative analysis of the ROCs illustrates the clear superiority of mammography over clinical palpation as an individual screening modality as well as the further superiority of the combined use of both modalities. PMID- 6511267 TI - Radiation dose reduction in the neonatal intensive care unit. Comparison of three gadolinium oxysulfide screen-film combinations. AB - Infant radiation exposure in the neonatal intensive care unit was quantitated by thermoluminescent dosimetry in 513 mobile unit roentgen examinations of the chest and abdomen. Three combinations of gadolinium oxysulfide intensifying screens and radiographic films were compared. The skin entrance dose in millirads at the mid chest, mid-abdomen and symphysis pubis levels was measured. Radiation dose reductions of 52% and 68% were achieved using the intermediate and fast combinations relative to the near par speed standard combination. Comparison of the relative line pair resolution of the three combinations under clinical conditions was done and subjective comparison of image detail and image mottle was made by two radiologists. The standard and intermediate speed combinations were considered very acceptable for general neonatal diagnostic interpretation but the fastest combination was not considered acceptable for general purposes. Because of the decreased radiation dose, the intermediate speed combination is now used for all routine neonatal radiography at our institution. The near par speed combination is now used only occasionally for "high-detail" examinations. The fastest combination has a limited role for frequently repeated, less critical studies, such as tube or catheter placement or routine follow-up examinations. PMID- 6511270 TI - Observer variation in abdominal CT. AB - Observer performance in radiologic interpretation has traditionally been based upon Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis. A statistical method that evaluates the reproducibility or consistency of radiologic interpretation is presented. Since this method is not based upon pathologic verification, it cannot be used to assess accuracy of interpretation and is therefore not a substitute for ROC analysis. Rather, it can either supplement ROC analysis or be of use in situations in which the latter is not feasible or practical. PMID- 6511269 TI - Comparative evaluation of the effects of an ionic vs. a nonionic contrast medium on the venous endothelium. Preliminary scanning electron microscopic observations. AB - Isolated segments of the right jugular veins of six mongrel dogs were exposed to solutions of 60% diatrizoate (3 dogs) and 60% iopamidol (3 dogs) in vivo. Normal blood flow was re-established after 3 minutes of exposure to the contrast material. The left jugular veins served as controls. Veins were harvested at 1, 24, and 48 hours and studied by light and scanning electron microscopy. Changes consisting of cellular swelling, denudation, platelet aggregation and fibrin deposition were uniform and prominent with diatrizoate. Response to iopamidol was minimal consisting only of cellular swelling. The study suggests that post phlebographic thrombophlebitis may be reduced by the use of nonionic contrast materials. PMID- 6511271 TI - Effect of oral metrizamide on hematocrit and serum osmolality in the neonate. AB - Sixteen newborns and young infants, weighing between 800 and 5200 grams, received orally administered metrizamide for evaluation of suspected gastrointestinal pathology. Images were judged good to excellent in 14 cases. No effect of metrizamide on hematocrit and serum osmolality was noted. Metrizamide appears to be a relatively safe and effective agent for examination of the neonatal gastrointestinal tract. PMID- 6511272 TI - Ioxaglic acid: a new low-osmolality contrast medium. PMID- 6511273 TI - Ioxaglate (Hexabrix): a new low-osmolality contrast medium. PMID- 6511274 TI - New contrast agents. Chemistry and pharmacology. AB - Over the last two or three years, a considerable and almost universally favorable experience has been obtained in Europe with the low osmolality contrast agents. These agents, such as Hexabrix, iohexol and iopamidol have been shown to reduce the subjective pain and heat sensation associated with hyperosmolar agents. Hexabrix, although an ionic agent, has achieved a slightly greater reduction in osmolality than other low osmolality contrast agents. Low osmolality media have shown reduced chemotoxic effect on red cells, less histamine release, fewer electrocardiographic changes, and less marked hemodynamic changes compared with conventional agents. The new contrast media may be predictably safer, especially for high risk patients. PMID- 6511275 TI - Clinical experience with Hexabrix in cerebral angiography. AB - Sixty patients from the University of British Columbia, Vancouver General Hospital, and University of Alberta Hospitals Edmonton participated in an open labelled clinical study on the safety, tolerability and efficacy of ioxaglic acid (Hexabrix) in cerebral angiography. Only 4% of patients experienced significant pain during carotid and brachiocephalic injections of Hexabrix. No increased incidence of side effects or adverse effects were encountered. In addition, radiographic film quality overall was excellent and comparable to that obtained using conventional contrast agents. Hexabrix is a safe and effective contrast agent for cerebral angiography. PMID- 6511277 TI - Child abuse and neglect: the physician's role. PMID- 6511278 TI - Child sexual abuse called silent epidemic. PMID- 6511276 TI - Clinical comparison of Hexabrix, iopamidol, and Urografin-60 in whole body computed tomography. AB - Urografin 60, iopamidol and Hexabrix were studied in patients undergoing body CT scans to examine the pharmacodynamics of these contrast agents. Immediately following rapid injection, the lower osmolality media, Hexabrix and iopamidol, gave greater aortic concentration of iodine in addition to higher concentrations in the liver and spleen. These two agents also provided significantly better renal enhancement than Urografin 60, with Hexabrix giving higher levels than iopamidol. The higher early vascular concentrations of Hexabrix and iopamidol and the relative absence of side effects due to hyperosmolality and decreased toxicity may have advantages in dynamic CT scanning. PMID- 6511279 TI - The Iowa child abuse law revisited. PMID- 6511280 TI - Improving coordination in the child protection system. PMID- 6511281 TI - Drug management of adult vascular headaches (migraine and cluster headache): Part I--Treatment of the acute attack. PMID- 6511282 TI - New species definitions in phages of gram-positive cocci. AB - About 290 phages of the bacterial genera Leuconostoc, Micrococcus, Staphylococcus, and Streptococcus were surveyed. The phages belong to the Myoviridae, Siphoviridae, and Podoviridae families and comprise seven basic morphotypes. Fourteen new species are proposed, bringing the number of phage species for gram-positive cocci to 27. The distribution of particular phage types may indicate phylogenetic relationships between host bacteria. PMID- 6511283 TI - The role of histamine antagonists on the development of experimental cancer in the rat. PMID- 6511284 TI - Labetolol in patients with hypertension and varying degrees of renal impairment. PMID- 6511285 TI - Non-dialysis vascular access. PMID- 6511286 TI - Excessive cold pressor responses in the irritable bowel syndrome. PMID- 6511287 TI - Disseminated intravascular coagulation in a case of non-secretory myeloma. PMID- 6511288 TI - Visual urethrotomy for urethral strictures. PMID- 6511289 TI - Time trends in childhood accident mortality and hospitalisation rates in Ireland. PMID- 6511290 TI - Small bowel obstruction through a defect in the broad ligament. PMID- 6511291 TI - Survey of the elderly in an urban general practice. PMID- 6511292 TI - A community study of emotional distress in Jerusalem. PMID- 6511293 TI - Psychiatric treatment and civil liberties in Israel: the need for reform. PMID- 6511294 TI - Growing up in 'Geula': socialization and family living in an ultra-orthodox Jewish subculture. PMID- 6511295 TI - Psychological and psychiatric aspects of remigration. PMID- 6511296 TI - Glucose and fructose utilization in human platelets. Effects of diamide. AB - In this study we have reported that platelets metabolize fructose more slowly than glucose and probably by a different mechanism. While formed lactate is correlated with glucose utilized, in the presence of fructose an overproduction of lactate was demonstrated. The different behaviour of glucose and fructose was also shown by utilizing diamide at various concentrations. Low diamide concentrations increase glucose consumption, whereas higher concentrations inhibit. Fructose is gradually inhibited by increasing oxidant quantities. Data obtained suggests that diamide interferes with the transport process across platelet membrane. It is likely that glucose and fructose do not share the same transport mechanism. On the other hand only high diamide concentrations inhibit sugar metabolism by acting on the glycolytic flux at the level of some key enzymes. PMID- 6511297 TI - Research on proteoglycan metabolism. PMID- 6511298 TI - Studies on the composition of matrix of calcified tissues and on the mechanism of mineralisation. PMID- 6511299 TI - Influence of the exogenous substrate on the activity of cholesterol 7 alpha hydroxylase in various animal species. PMID- 6511300 TI - Molecular aspects of hepatic organic anion transport. PMID- 6511301 TI - Multiple wavelength spectrometry of turbid solutions: determination of hemoglobin concentration in blood. PMID- 6511302 TI - Primary and secondary carnitine deficiency in man. PMID- 6511304 TI - Ganglioside metabolism: new experimental approaches. PMID- 6511303 TI - An approach to understanding the physiological role of gangliosides. PMID- 6511305 TI - Modifications induced by ascorbic acid on alkaline phosphatase fluorescence. AB - Ascorbic acid, isoascorbic acid and dehydroascorbic acid quench the tryptophyl fluorescence of alkaline phosphatase. The quenching is protein aspecific, although its extent reflects the different inhibitory efficiency of the compounds. The kinetic inactivation and emission deactivation of alkaline phosphatase isoenzymes present also striking similarities. The fluorescence modifications, moreover, show a particular pattern, indicative of a transition phenomenon. The quenching effects displayed by the ascorbic system on alkaline phosphatase can then supply an interesting insight into other aspects of the inhibitor-enzyme interaction. PMID- 6511306 TI - Metabolites and enzyme activities involved in tryptophan metabolism in two different strains of mouse. AB - The urinary excretion of the tryptophan metabolites along the kynurenine pathway and the variations of enzyme activities involved in the degradation of tryptophan have been studied in two strains of mice. The total excretion of the metabolites was significantly higher in the strain of albino N.C.L. than in Swiss albino mice, in accordance with the higher activity of tryptophan pyrrolase, which was present only as holoenzyme. In both strains kynurenine, kynurenic and xanthurenic acids were excreted in larger amounts. However, the albino N.C.L. mice excreted a large amount of xanthurenic acid, not correlated with the slightly higher kynurenine aminotransferase activity observed in this strain. The very high excretion of this metabolite indicates that the load of tryptophan causes a B6 deficiency. Liver kynureninase activity was similar in both strains. Correlation between total urinary excretion of the tryptophan metabolites and enzyme activities appears in the same strain of mice, even though differences are present in different strains. PMID- 6511308 TI - Spiroplasmas in the Tabanidae. AB - Spiroplasmas were observed in seven species of the family Tabanidae (horse flies and deer flies). This is the fifth family of the order Diptera now known to harbor spiroplasmas. Noncultivable spiroplasmas were seen in the hemolymph of three species of the genus Tabanus, and cultivable forms were isolated from the guts of six species in three genera. Isolates from T. calens and T. sulcifrons were serologically similar and closely related to a spiroplasma in the lampyrid beetle, Ellychnia corrusca. These three isolates represent a new serogroup. Isolates from Hybomitra lasiophthalma were related to Group IV strains, while those from T. nigrovittatus and Chrysops sp. both represented new serogroups. At least some tabanids probably acquire spiroplasmas from contaminated flower surfaces. The possibility of vertebrate reservoirs for some tabanid spiroplasmas remains an open question. PMID- 6511307 TI - A new simple method for determining the kinetic constants of inhibited acetylcholinesterase. AB - The authors, with a spectrophotometric procedure, have evaluated the kinetic constants of physostigmine, a cholinesterase inhibitor which assumes an important function when the degeneration of cholinergic projections is observed. This approach overcomes some of the difficulties encountered in measuring the binding and the carbamylation rate constants. A kinetic treatment, consistent with the experimental results observed in the enzyme-inhibitor system in the presence of substrate, is developed. PMID- 6511309 TI - Occurrence and frequency of subgroup I-6 spiroplasma in arthropods associated with old fields in Maryland and Virginia. AB - The Subgroup I-6 spiroplasma, "Maryland Flower Spiroplasma," originally discovered on fall flowers and subsequently recovered from a syrphid fly and a beetle triungulin, was isolated from two new fall flower hosts and from the guts of nine nectar-imbibing insect species. These data, together with lack of recovery of I-6 spiroplasma from foliage-feeding, plant-sucking, or flightless flower-associated insects, suggest that I-6 spiroplasma may infect and be disseminated by nectar- or pollen-foraging insects, and that the dynamics of maintenance will prove to be complex. PMID- 6511310 TI - Discovery of a new plant-pathogenic spiroplasma. AB - To study natural transmission of Spiroplasma citri in the Mediterranean area, periwinkles (Vinca rosea L.) were exposed to natural infection in several locations during the summer of 1983. Detection of S. citri in the periwinkles was assayed by ELISA and culture of the organisms. Some of the periwinkles developed yellows disease symptoms; they contained helical organisms in their sieve tubes, as determined by electron microscopy. A spiroplasma could be cultured from them, but their ELISA reaction for S. citri detection was negative. These results suggested that a spiroplasma different from S. citri had been discovered. The apparently new spiroplasma (P40) was examined for serological relationships with other spiroplasmas by metabolism inhibition and deformation tests. Spiroplasma P40 was found to have relatedness only to Group I spiroplasmas. Healthy periwinkles graft inoculated with shoots of the initial symptomatic periwinkle showed yellows symptoms 3 months after inoculation. Extracts of the initial and the graft-inoculated periwinkles gave positive ELISA reactions with anti-P40 IgG. PMID- 6511311 TI - Presence of free arginine associated with susceptibility to lethal yellowing of palms. AB - Thin-layer chromatographic evaluations of the distribution patterns of 28 free amino acids and amines in the foliage of 18 species and cultivars of Palmae grown in Florida revealed that arginine was readily detected in susceptible palm types, but was absent or present at minimal detectable levels in resistant or immune palms. No apparent relationship could be discerned for any other amino acid as far as varietal resistance to lethal yellowing disease was concerned. Additional studies to verify this potential relationship by high-performance liquid chromatography are in progress. This information can be of value in breeding programs selecting for palm cultivars resistant to this disease. These data also suggest that the lethal yellowing mycoplasma-like organism may hydrolyze arginine. PMID- 6511312 TI - Bilirubin incorporation into spiroplasma membranes and methylation of spiroplasmal DNA. AB - Spiroplasma floricola (BNR-1), Spiroplasma sp. MQ-1 and S. apis (B-31) grown in media containing horse serum exhibited intense yellow pigmentation. Yellow pigments were not observed in S. citri (R8A2) and Spiroplasma sp. strains BC-3 and PPS-1 grown in the same medium. The reddish-yellow pigment showed up in lipid extracts of both spiroplasma membranes and horse serum. It exhibited the typical features of bilirubin: specific absorption spectrum from 390 to 500 nm with a peak at 453 nm, and a characteristic sequence of color changes on addition of HNO3 to its solution in chloroform. The pigment comigrated with commercial bilirubin from bull gall and stained greenish blue when subjected to mild oxidation by iodine. S. floricola contained 5.4 micrograms bilirubin/mg cell protein or 9.7 micrograms bilirubin/mg membrane protein. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) showed the presence of significant amounts of 5 methylcytosine and very little 6-methyladenine in the DNA of S. floricola, S. apis and Spiroplasma sp. strains PPS-1 and MQ-1. S. citri and Spiroplasma sp. strain BC-3 contained 6-methyladenine and very little, if any, 5-methylcytosine. The methylated cytosine residues in Spiroplasma sp. MQ-1 were almost exclusively located in the sequence CpG, as in eukaryotes. PMID- 6511313 TI - Arginine aminopeptidase activity of phytopathogenic spiroplasmas. AB - The arginine aminopeptidase activity of arginine-utilizing phytopathogenic spiroplasmas was investigated with arginine beta-naphthylamide substrate using the fluorometric method. Hydrolysis of this substrate was demonstrated with broth cultures, washed concentrated whole cells, and cell-free extracts of corn stunt spiroplasma (CSS) and Spiroplasma citri. Growing CSS and S. citri in the presence of 47 mM arginine resulted in a reduction in aminopeptidase activity, indicating that synthesis of the enzyme might be subject to control by catabolic repression. Results of these experiments suggest a possible biochemical basis for pathogenicity of phytopathogenic spiroplasmas in vivo. PMID- 6511314 TI - Mycoplasma-like organisms (MLO), pathogens of the plant yellows diseases, as a model of coevolution between prokaryotes, insects and plants. AB - There is no satisfactory theory to explain how parasites whose effect is to kill or to weaken their hosts have been able to survive evolution. A good explanation may be found in the study of mycoplasma-like organisms (MLO). We show here the existence of natural cycles of MLO between symptomless wild plants and unaffected vectors. Such natural cycles may be the basis of a coevolutionary process by which the prokaryotes and the whole cycle have persisted to our time. Disease outbreaks occur with intrusion of a cultivated plant (direct mode) or an imported insect (indirect mode). From an evolutionary point of view, the natural cycle constitutes a protection for the host plants and natural vectors against the introduction of foreign plants or vectors as competitors in their ecological niche. A role of MLO and other parasites in evolution could be to provide stability to ecosystems, which is necessary for new characters to emerge. PMID- 6511315 TI - The 5th international congress of the International Organization for Mycoplasmology. 24-29 June 1984, Jerusalem, Israel. PMID- 6511317 TI - Do mycoplasmas inhibit the human sperm fertilizing ability in vitro? AB - Although clinical observations have suggested that Ureaplasma urealyticum may be associated with reproductive failure, the role of ureaplasmas in human infertility remains controversial. However, the mechanism whereby ureaplasmas can interfere with the fertilization process is not known. To study possible mechanisms, we used the human sperm-hamster egg fertilization test. Eggs were exposed to the spermatozoa preincubated with Mycoplasma hominis or U. urealyticum (serotype 1-8). U. urealyticum serotype 4 showed greater interference activity on the penetration rate (6.6%) than did the other mycoplasmas, as compared with the control (55%). Furthermore, our data suggest that the inhibition of penetration was not related to a masking of sperm membrane sites, since the mean of adsorbed spermatozoa/egg after preincubation of spermatozoa with mycoplasmas was not significantly different from that of the control. In addition, eggs preincubated with U. urealyticum serotype 4 gave a reduction of the penetration rate by untreated spermatozoa. PMID- 6511316 TI - A prospective study of mycoplasma infection in the preterm infant. AB - The nasopharyngeal aspirates of 235 infants admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit over a 14-month period were tested for the presence of Ureaplasma urealyticum and Mycoplasma hominis. Serological studies were carried out on 41 infants. U. urealyticum was isolated from 53 (22%) babies and was not associated with illness. There was a significant association between U. urealyticum colonization and preterm birth, low birth weight and prolonged rupture of membranes (PROM). M. hominis was isolated in six babies (2.6%). Three of these developed an immune response; in two of these pneumonia was seen. M. hominis may be a cause of pneumonia in the preterm infant. PMID- 6511318 TI - Use of cell cultures to study spiroplasma infections. AB - Invertebrate and mammalian cell cultures have been utilized to study various properties of spiroplasmas. Recent studies have focused on the interaction of Spiroplasma mirum with AG-4676, a cell line derived from the rat eye lens. S. mirum produced cytotoxicity in this cell line, consisting of vacuolization and an increase in the number of binucleated cells. The number of S. mirum organisms attached to the cell increased with increased age of infection. S. mirum does not grow in Dulbecco's modified Earle's medium + 10% fetal bovine serum, the growth medium for AG-4676. It does, however, grow in conditioned medium obtained as supernatant of 1- to 5-day-old AG-4676. This conditioned medium from AG-4676 also supported growth of S. mirum (GT-48), corn stunt spiroplasmas (Rio Grande) and the following unspeciated strains: M-55 (I-6), N-525 (I-7), CN-5 (IX) and AES-1 (X). It did not support S. citri, honeybee BC-3, EA-1 (VIII), MQ-6 (XII) or CC-1 (XIII). The growth promotion titer for S. mirum was 1:8, but this varied with the lot of fetal bovine serum. Biochemical characterization of this growth-promoting factor is in progress. PMID- 6511319 TI - Antibiotic sensitivities and elimination of mycoplasmas from infected cell cultures. AB - Invaluable or irreplaceable cell lines infected with mycoplasmas can be cured. We have had success with a protocol that utilizes a combination of anti-mycoplasma immune serum and pretested antibiotics. A panel of antibiotics was evaluated by examining inhibition of agar growth of a variety of cell culture mycoplasmas. Resistant strains were found with certain drugs and intraspecies heterogeneity was seen in drug response. For these reasons drug regimens must be tailored to individual strains. When possible, two effective antibiotics were chosen to minimize chances of outgrowth of drug-resistant subpopulations. Cell lines were diluted and cultured in treatment cocktail consisting of growth medium plus antibiotics and antiserum. After a short exposure, cells were subcultured into fresh growth medium. Routine culturing practices were resumed and mycoplasma monitoring was begun. This procedure has been effective in curing eight cell lines, of which five were monolayers and three were suspension cultures. Mycoplasmas from four species comprised the contaminants. Two cures were of mixed infection caused by strains of two mycoplasma species. No failures have been encountered with this procedure thus far. Cultures have remained free of mycoplasmas and have retained properties of interest. PMID- 6511320 TI - Effect of experimental infection with ovine ureaplasma upon the development of uroliths in feedlot lambs. AB - Urinary calculi development in grain-fed lambs is a cause of serious economic loss to sheep producers in the USA. Rations containing sorghum grain and cottonseed meal, particularly, are calculogenic especially in those cases in which the calcium and phosphorus ratio is not balanced. The chemical composition of calculi taken from lambs is most often magnesium ammonium phosphate. Ureaplasmas have been isolated from the urinary tract of sheep with urinary calculi. These isolates, as well as certain other isolates of ovine ureaplasma, produce a sediment in aged cultures that is composed primarily of magnesium ammonium phosphate. In order to determine the relationship of ureaplasmal infections to the formation of calculi in the urinary tract, four treatment groups were established, comprising uninoculated-balanced ration, uninoculated calculogenic ration, inoculated-balanced ration, and inoculated-calculogenic ration. As signs of calculosis developed, the wethers were necropsied and calculi collected and weighed. Also, culture material was obtained from four sites in the urinary tract and urine was collected for examination. A significant difference appeared in the number of lambs developing calculi between the calculogenic and noncalculogenic rations. No significant difference was evident in the total number of cases of urinary calculi in the inoculated compared with the uninoculated group. However, a very large difference in the total weight of calculi (15.4 g) was observed between the inoculated and uninoculated groups. Although the correct formulation of the ration is of prime importance in preventing urinary calculi formation in sheep, it is possible that ureaplasmal infections may influence the total amount of calculi produced and perhaps the physical characteristics of the calculi crystals. PMID- 6511321 TI - Pathogenetic mechanisms of Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides septicemia in goats. AB - The variant best known as the large-colony type of M. mycoides subsp. mycoides is responsible for severe outbreaks of septicemia with coagulopathy in goats. Our objective was to study aspects of the pathogenesis that might explain the coagulopathy, the persistence of mycoplasmas in the blood of septicemic goats, and the host specificity. The endothelial cells of caprine aorta tissue cultured in vitro and exposed to the M. mycoides underwent severe ultrastructural damage. There was no evidence of cytotoxicity to 51Cr-labeled adherent cells from peripheral blood of goats. Complement from goat, sheep, calf and guinea pig was activated by the mycoplasma, resulting in consumption of complement and lysis of mycoplasmas. Goat complement had the poorest mycoplasmacidal effect, whereas guinea pig complement had the highest cidal activity. Complement was activated through the classical pathway, since selective chelation of Ca++ inhibited activation, and serum from C4-deficient guinea pigs was not mycoplasmacidal. Complement activity was restored in chelated serum of sheep, calf and guinea pig after Ca++ supplementation, but not in goat serum, suggesting a difference in the classical pathway activity between these species. Activation of complement may be an important generator of inflammation in this disease. However, species variation in mycoplasmacidal efficiency of complement cannot wholly explain why goats and sheep are susceptible to septicemia and calves and guinea pigs are not. Both endothelial damage and complement activation may be important features of the pathogenesis of tissue damage, and may help explain the coagulopathy in this disease. PMID- 6511322 TI - Vaccination trials against Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides (large-colony type) infection in goats. AB - Vaccination trials against Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides in suckling and weaned kids are described. A formalin-killed vaccine with adjuvant was used. Challenge to the vaccinated suckling kids was by ingestion of dam's infected milk and by subcutaneous inoculation of 10(6) organisms, and to the vaccinated weaned kids, by subcutaneous inoculation alone. The weaned 6-week-old kids were vaccinated, given a booster 3 weeks later and challenged 1 month after that. Serological monitoring was by enzyme-linked-immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The six control kids remained serologically negative and after challenge were pyrexic and mycoplasmaemic. All died or were killed in extremis, with a characteristic cellulitis at the site of inoculation, arthritis and swollen spleen. In contrast, the vaccinated kids remained healthy. There was a modest antibody response to the initial vaccination and a further steep rise after the booster. After challenge the organism was recovered only from the lymph nodes proximal to the site of challenge in some animals, and from the liver and kidney in two animals. All the vaccinated suckling kids were unaffected by ingestion of their dam's infected milk. The kids that received only one vaccine inoculation on the day of birth, and one control kid, succumbed to subcutaneous challenge, whereas the kids that were given a booster, except for one, remained healthy. PMID- 6511323 TI - Pathogenicity of Mycoplasma capricolum and Mycoplasma putrefaciens. AB - Mycoplasma capricolum causes high morbidity and mortality in goats. Young kids fed a one-time oral dose of greater than or equal to 1 X 10(5) colony-forming units of the GM13 isolate usually died during the septicemic phase. The cardinal lesions were a fibrinopurulent polyarthritis and an acute, diffuse interstitial pneumonia. Lactating goats exposed to low numbers of the organism via the teat canal experienced similar lesions and acute mastitis, agalactia, and hardened udders. The intramammary inoculation of M. putrefaciens caused only mastitis; infection could not be initiated by oral, intranasal, or i.m. exposure. PMID- 6511324 TI - Role of mycoplasma strain F38 in contagious caprine pleuropneumonia. AB - The role of the F38 group of mycoplasma in contagious caprine pleuropneumonia is assessed with reference to certain criteria whereby a causative relationship between a particular agent and the disease in question is established. The evidence that Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides (large colony) or M. mycoides subsp. capri may be involved in the disease is similarly considered. PMID- 6511325 TI - Early stages in the interaction between Mycoplasma gallisepticum and the chick trachea, as related to pathogenicity and immunogenicity. AB - Mycoplasma strains, which occur naturally or as the result of laboratory manipulation, differ markedly in biological properties such as pathogenicity, infectivity, transmissibility, and immunogenicity. These properties are clinical expressions of a series of complex interactions between the mycoplasma organisms and the host. We have focused on the early interactions occurring at the level of the tracheal mucosa, with the intent of identifying Mycoplasma gallisepticum strains possessing a combination of properties suitable for use in a live vaccine. The ability of a strain to colonize the chick trachea was evaluated by reisolation from the infected organ, expressed as infective dose (ID50). In addition to studies in the live chick, we have employed an in vitro model system for the study of adherence of the mycoplasmas to human red blood cells (RBC). Several strains that colonized the chick trachea were studied, multiplying profusely in close proximity to the epithelial surface, but producing only moderate or transient tissue damage in vivo. Adherence in vivo occurred via the "bleb" region of the M. gallisepticum organisms. A serological response was elicited by colonizing pathogenic or nonpathogenic M. gallisepticum but not by strains that were found by other methods to be readily eliminated from the tracheal surface. PMID- 6511326 TI - Effect of Mycoplasma iowae infection on the immune system of the young turkey. AB - Studies were conducted in turkey poults of the effect of Mycoplasma iowae on the humoral antibody response to sheep red blood cells (SRBC) and on the weight and histological appearance of the bursa of Fabricius. Day-old turkeys were infected with M. iowae via the air sac and control turkeys received sterile broth. In the first experiment infected and control birds were inoculated intravenously with SRBC at 12 and 33 days of age, and hemagglutination (HA) tests were carried out on serum collected at intervals. Infected birds showed a slightly delayed response compared with control birds, but there was no delay in secondary response. Moreover, those birds with clinical disease gave significantly higher peak HA titres than did clinically healthy birds. In the second experiment the body weight and bursa to body weight ratio of M. iowae infected turkeys were compared with those of the control birds at 7 and 21 days of age. There was no significant difference in body weight, but at 7 days the mean bursa to body weight ratio of infected birds was significantly less (P less than 0.01) than that of the control birds and microscopic changes were seen in some bursae. These preliminary observations suggest that M. iowae infection of young turkeys may cause temporary damage to the bursa of Fabricius, accompanied by a transient immunosuppression. PMID- 6511327 TI - Utilization of temperature-sensitive mutants of Mycoplasma gallisepticum to prevent air sac infections. AB - Three stable temperature-sensitive (ts) mutants were obtained by treating the S6 strain of Mycoplasma gallisepticum with 50 micrograms/ml of nitrosoguanidine. These mutants were morphologically and serologically indistinguishable from the parent S6 strain. Mutants ts 37 and ts 102 were apathogenic, and ts 100 was moderately pathogenic to chickens when inoculated directly into the air sac. To turkeys, ts 37 remained apathogenic, ts 102 was slightly pathogenic, and ts 100 was highly pathogenic, Intranasal immunization of newly hatched chickens with any of the mutants resulted in antibody production, but only ts 100 and ts 102 protected chickens against experimental M. gallisepticum infections 3 weeks later. Vaccination of 2-day-old turkeys with ts resulted in erratic antibody response; however, 5 weeks after immunization, turkeys were able to resist challenge with the virulent S6 strain at a highly significant level. PMID- 6511328 TI - Infant feeding practices among Bedouins in transition from seminomadic to settlement conditions in the Negev area of Israel. AB - Infant feeding practices among 353 Bedouin families in transition from seminomadic to settlement conditions in the Negev area of Israel were compared with those of 302 Jewish families from the same area. Over 99% of the Bedouin infants were initially breast-fed, in contrast to 79% of the Jewish infants; none of the Jewish infants continued to be breast-fed by the end of the first year of life, while 63% of the Bedouins were. Rice was the first solid food to be introduced to Bedouin infants, while fruits and vegetables were the first solids introduced to the Jewish infants. Rice was not an important constituent of the Jewish infants' diet. By the age of 6 months, 93% of the Jewish infants were eating fruits and vegetables, 78% meat, 49% bread and 55% eggs, in contrast to 20, 13, 8 and 18% among the Bedouins, respectively. Introduction of meat lagged significantly among the Bedouin infants, taking place after the 8th month of life for greater than 50%. Bedouin infant-feeding practices resembled those prevalent among rural populations in developing countries. It is likely that with increasing modernization this pattern will gradually disappear and will be replaced by that prevalent among Western populations. PMID- 6511329 TI - Consanguineous marriage among rural Arabs in Israel. AB - The prevalence of consanguineous marriages was examined among the Arab rural population in the Western Galilee region in Israel. The survey was conducted by questioning women attending Mother and Child Health Centers, or those met on the main street of the village. The overall figures were unusually high (39%), including those for first and second cousins. They were highest in the Druze population (49%), lower in the Moslems (40%) and still lower in the Christians (29%) (P less than 0.001). The most common type was first-cousin marriages, especially where the husband's father and the wife's father were brothers. The prevalence of consanguineous marriages was higher in the younger generation whose members had remained in their family village. These findings indicate that the traditional way of life, with its close family relationships, is still most common in the Arab rural society in Israel. The high prevalence of consanguinity is an unfavorable factor in this population's health condition. It is believed that the present educational and occupational changes will gradually alter this custom. PMID- 6511330 TI - Iron depletion and blood lead levels in a population with endemic lead poisoning. AB - The effect of iron depletion on blood lead levels was studied in a group of 558 schoolchildren aged 10 to 18 residing in two West Bank Arab villages with a high prevalence of excessive lead exposure and clinical lead poisoning. Thirty percent of the subjects studied had whole-blood lead levels greater than 30 micrograms/dl, and 45% had whole-blood zinc erythrocyte protoporphyrin greater than 50 micrograms/dl. The percentage of abnormal blood lead values in subjects with normal serum ferritin and transferrin saturation (31%) was similar to that in subjects with one (28%) or two (25%) abnormal iron parameters. Likewise, there was no correlation between serum ferritin and blood lead levels in individual patients (r = 0.059). Normal distribution plots and mean levels of blood lead (27.3 micrograms/dl) were identical in the iron-deficient and iron-replete groups. These findings indicate that iron depletion does not affect blood lead levels and suggest that in man, unlike in experimental animals, iron depletion may not have a significant effect on lead absorption. PMID- 6511331 TI - Ethical dilemma of late pregnancy termination in cases of gross fetal malformations. AB - Modern diagnostic methods reveal an increased number of cases of gross fetal malformations, and physicians are faced with serious ethical considerations. The disclosure of data during conversations with the parents, the decision-making process and the different courses of action are discussed. Cases with defined diagnoses may be divided into three different clinical situations: 1) a malformation incompatible with extrauterine life; 2) increasing organ damage caused by a fetal defect; and 3) a severely handicapped fetus capable of short- or long-term survival. The recent concept of fetal abuse is emphasized. When pregnancy is allowed to continue to term in these cases, psychological and social aspects must be taken into consideration. Medical assessment, ethicolegal norms, and religious beliefs of parents and physicians should guide the course of action. We believe that the medical team should perform late termination of pregnancy when justified and approved by a court or a statutory committee. PMID- 6511332 TI - Citrobacter koseri isolated in Israel, 1972-83. AB - Cultures of Citrobacter koseri (syn. C. diversus), an opportunistic pathogen that was isolated in Israel during 1972-83, were studied by sero- and biotyping and for susceptibility to antibacterial agents. Of 1,172 cultures, 96% were isolated from adults, more than half from urinary tract infections. Other frequent sources were superficial wounds and discharges from the respiratory and genital tracts. Seventeen strains originated from blood cultures of patients with sepsis and four from the cerebrospinal fluid of newborns with meningitis. The isolates belonged to 17 O groups, 60 serotypes and 5 biotypes. The most frequent serotypes were 15:a:[2], first identified in Israel, and 1:a:[2]. The most frequent biotypes were c and a. No correlation was found between sero- or biotypes and source of isolation or type of disease. Of 720 cultures tested for sensitivity, all were resistant to ampicillin and carbenicillin, but only 9.3% were resistant to one or more of nine other antibacterial agents tested. PMID- 6511333 TI - Peripartum cardiomyopathy. AB - A 26-year-old woman developed severe postpartum cardiomyopathy in early puerperium. Ligation of the inferior vena cava prevented recurrent pulmonary embolism but did not affect her hemodynamic condition, which deteriorated constantly. During continuous hemodynamic monitoring only vigorous volume replacement with an increase of the left ventricular filling pressure to 32 mm Hg improved cardiac output significantly. The presence of a high titer of antiactin antibodies 9 months after the delivery supports the theory that the peripartum cardiomyopathy was of autoimmune etiology. PMID- 6511334 TI - Tuberculous peritonitis. AB - Two patients with tuberculous peritonitis are described to exemplify some of the diagnostic problems that may be encountered in this rare disease. Both presented with fever, abdominal pain and a deterioration in their general condition. In both cases Ziehl-Neelsen staining and animal inoculation were negative. In the first patient, who underwent repeated hospitalization and investigation, the diagnosis was established following a therapeutic trial with antituberculous drugs administered after unsuccessful treatment of a cecocutaneous fistula that developed after drainage of a periappendicular abscess and appendectomy. In the second patient, the diagnosis was confirmed at laparatomy. Since bacteriological studies often fail to render a positive diagnosis, it is suggested that the clinical picture together with a histological finding compatible with tuberculous peritonitis should be sufficient for diagnosis and the institution of treatment. PMID- 6511335 TI - Lipoma of the esophagus. AB - Lipomas of the esophagus are relatively rare, but are of clinical interest since they may produce significant clinical symptoms that must be differentiated from malignant conditions. A case of esophageal lipoma is reported. The pliable, pedunculated esophageal tumor, which changes shape radiologically and has minimal clinical symptomatology, are the hallmarks for a correct diagnosis. PMID- 6511336 TI - Stenosis of the colon in pancreatitis. AB - Persistent or transient stenosis of the colon is a rare complication in the course of acute or chronic pancreatitis. The clinical, laboratory and surgical findings are discussed. Two cases are described here, and 34 cases reported in the literature are reviewed. PMID- 6511337 TI - Unusual association of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus with congenital myasthenia gravis and autoimmune thyroid disease. AB - A 26-year-old woman with congenital myasthenia gravis and antibodies to the acetylcholine receptor developed overt insulin-dependent diabetes with positive islet cell antibodies and thyroid microsomal and gastric parietal cell antibodies. Her younger sister has been an insulin-dependent diabetic since the age of 7 years, and the mother has nongoitrous hypothyroidism. In the same period the woman in question developed a transient chemical hyperthyroidism. HLA typing of the family members showed that the diabetes was probably associated with an HLA AW30, BW38, DR4 haplotype, found in both sisters and in their father, and that the thyroid disease was associated with the A29, B7, DR6 haplotype found in the patient and in her mother. This familial HLA pattern may indicate that each autoimmune manifestation in the patient is due to a different susceptible gene associated with the HLA system. PMID- 6511338 TI - Clofibrate-induced muscular syndrome. Case report with ultrastructural findings and review of the literature. AB - A 70-year-old man with chronic renal failure was treated with clofibrate, 2.0 g daily for 6 days, and subsequently developed clofibrate-induced muscular syndrome (CMS), i.e., myalgia with severe muscle weakness and tenderness. Elevated muscular enzyme activities were found upon examination of his blood. Electron microscopic studies revealed atrophy of some muscle fibers and massive degenerative changes. The atrophic fibers were associated with damaged neuromuscular junctions. A literature survey of 44 cases with CMS is included. PMID- 6511339 TI - Ultrastructural and functional studies of platelets from patients with essential mixed cryoglobulinemia. PMID- 6511341 TI - Experimental endometriosis: a microsurgical animal model in rats. PMID- 6511340 TI - Salvage of ischemic lower limb by subcutaneous femorofemoral crossover graft. PMID- 6511342 TI - Isolation of the new species Mycobacterium fallax in Israel. PMID- 6511343 TI - Prevalence of varicocele in young Israeli men. PMID- 6511344 TI - Thoracic root pain in diabetes mellitus. PMID- 6511345 TI - Corynebacterium group JK septicemia: community-acquired infection in an apparently immunocompetent patient. PMID- 6511346 TI - Isolation of Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 from a fatal case of pneumonia in Israel. PMID- 6511347 TI - Significance of elevated serum alanine aminotransferase in Israeli blood donors. PMID- 6511348 TI - The 5th international congress of the International Organization for Mycoplasmology. 24-29 June 1984, Jerusalem, Israel. PMID- 6511349 TI - The completeness of molecular biology. PMID- 6511350 TI - Antigen expression from cloned genes of Mycoplasma hyorhinis: an approach to mycoplasma genomic analysis. AB - Cloned DNA segments of the Mycoplasma hyorhinis genome have been identified by specific immunological detection of gene products expressed in Escherichia coli. Individual, distinct segments collectively representing greater than 10% of the genome each synthesize multiple proteins, some of which are immunogenic. Molecular genetic and immunologic tools have identified mycoplasma genomic fragments useful in 1) generating and analyzing specific, isolated mycoplasma gene products, 2) studying structure and expression of specific mycoplasma genes, and 3) generating specific gene probes. Immunological detection provides the potential for preselection of specific genes of interest. PMID- 6511351 TI - Mycoplasmal ribosomal RNA genes and their use as probes for detection and identification of Mollicutes. AB - The number and organization of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes in the genome of Mycoplasma, Ureaplasma, Acholeplasma and Spiroplasma species were studied by the Southern hybridization technique. Restriction endonuclease-digested DNAs of the organisms were hybridized with nick-translated probes consisting of defined portions of the rrnB rRNA operon of Escherichia coli and with a recombinant plasmid pMC5 constructed of pBR325 and an insert containing M. capricolum genes for 23S, 5S and most of the 16S rRNA gene. The hybridization data indicate the presence of only one or two sets of rRNA genes in the mollicutes tested, a number lower than in eubacteria. The rRNA genes in mollicutes appear to be organized as clusters (acting apparently as operons) in the typical prokaryotic fashion, 5' 16S-23S-5S-3'. Despite the marked sequence homology shared by the rRNA operons of the different mollicutes and of E. coli, the operons are not identical. Thus, there is an EcoRI restriction site in the 16S rRNA genes in only 8 of the 13 species tested. The recombinant plasmid pMC5 has provided a sensitive probe for detection and identification of mollicutes in contaminated cell cultures. The purified DNA of the tested cell culture, or its supernatant fluid, was digested by EcoRI, and Southern blot hybridization of the products was performed with nick translated pMC5. The probe did not hybridize with eukaryotic DNA. Each of the mollicutes species examinated exhibited a species-specific hybridization pattern. The hybridization tests enabled the identification of the four most prevalent mycoplasma contaminants of cell cultures, M. orale, M. hyorhinis, M. arginini and A. laidlawii. The test is capable of detecting 1 ng of mycoplasmal DNA, roughly equivalent to the DNA content of 10(5) mycoplasmas. The possibility of using this approach for detection and identification of noncultivable mycoplasmas in plant and insect tissues is under investigation. PMID- 6511352 TI - Deletions, duplications and rearrangements in mycoplasma ribosomal RNA gene sequences. AB - Mycoplasma genomes lack several entire ribosomal RNA gene sets, and the remaining RNA genes lack some nucleotides. Analysis of mycoplasma 5S RNAs utilizing generalized models for prokaryotic 5S RNA secondary structure allows us to specify the molecular locations and identify many of the nucleotides missing from mycoplasma 5S RNAs and to detect the presence of unusual structural features. The most extensive alterations occur in the 5S RNAs from M. mycoides subsp. capri and M. capricolum, which have a similar pattern. Each of these 5S RNAs, as well as the Spiroplasma BC3 5S RNA, has a concentration of deletions in helix V, and they also share several unusual structures. We also noted the occurrence in mycoplasma 5S RNAs of numerous repeated sequences. The genetic process of unequal crossing over is suggested as the explanation for the repeated sequences observed in mycoplasma RNAs. PMID- 6511353 TI - Species-specific detection of Mycoplasma hyorhinis using DNA probes. AB - Two specific DNA fragments from a genomic library of Mycoplasma hyorhinis demonstrated species-specific Southern and dot hybridization using a panel of different mycoplasmas. These probes selectively recognized M. hyorhinis sequences in purified DNA, broth-grown organisms, and infected cell cultures, providing a direct method for differential detection of this mycoplasma species without prior purification of the organism. PMID- 6511354 TI - Effects of acyl chain composition on production of mycoplasmavirus MV-L2 by Acholeplasma laidlawii. AB - Membrane-enveloped viruses obtain their lipid envelopes from the host cells. Studies with animal viruses and different cell lines have shown that the composition of the virus envelope affects infectivity. In this study, Acholeplasma laidlawii strain JA1 and the membrane-enveloped virus MV-L2 were used. In this system, it is possible to vary the "stiffness" of the host cytoplasmic membrane within a very wide range by adding different fatty acids to the growth medium. Viruses with different envelopes were produced from these hosts. Eleven hosts and 11 viruses with different fatty acyl chain composition were tested in all combinations. The acyl chain composition and presence of cholesterol had a marked influence on the plaque-forming ability of L2. Virus adsorption rates were also dependent on acyl chain composition, but no apparent correlation with plaque-forming ability could be seen. L2 adsorbed equally well to a virus-resistant strain (A EF22). PMID- 6511355 TI - Characterization of spiroplasma virus group 4 (SV4). AB - Spiroplasma virus Group 4 was propagated, purified and characterized. The isometric capsid is made from one major protein of 60,000 Da and contains a circular single-stranded DNA molecule of 1.7 X 10(6) Da. The host-range of SV4 is limited to Subgroup I-2 spiroplasmas. The virions are released from the infected cells by a lytic process. Transfection of spiroplasmas of Subgroup I-2 by the viral DNA was demonstrated. A high efficiency of transfection was routinely obtained in the presence of polyethyleneglycol. These experiments indicate that spiroplasmas can absorb viral DNA, opening the way for cloning. PMID- 6511357 TI - Uptake and transbilayer distribution of phosphatidylcholines in Mycoplasma gallisepticum and their effect on cell morphology. AB - Mycoplasma gallisepticum cells grown in a serum-free medium incorporated large amounts of egg-phosphatidylcholine (Egg-PC), dioleoylphosphatidylcholine (DOPC) or dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) added to the growth medium. Egg-PC and DOPC were incorporated at a high rate and to a large extent and were modified by the organisms, whereas DPPC was incorporated at a lower rate and to a lesser extent and was not modified by the cells. The lactoperoxidase-mediated radioiodination applied to study the transbilayer distribution of phosphatidylcholine (PC) in the membranes revealed that the PC in cells grown with DOPC is almost equally distributed in the outer and inner leaflets of M. gallisepticum membranes, while the PC in DPPC-grown cells is preferentially located in the outer leaflet and that in Egg-PC-grown cells is found in the inner leaflet. Thus, in Egg-PC- or DPPC-grown cells the equilibrium in structure and properties between the inner and outer leaflets is disturbed, resulting in dramatic effects on the morphology of M. gallisepticum cells. PMID- 6511356 TI - Calorimetric and spectroscopic studies of lipid hydrocarbon chain order in the Acholeplasma laidlawii membrane. AB - The thermotropic phase behavior of Acholeplasma laidlawii B membranes, whose lipids were biosynthetically highly enriched with one of a wide variety of different types of fatty acyl groups, was studied by differential scanning calorimetry. The membrane-lipid-hydrocarbon chain orientational order of these membranes, in both the gel and liquid-crystalline states, was also investigated by 19F-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, using biosynthetically incorporated monofluoropalmitic acid probes. The gel to liquid-crystalline phase transition midpoint temperature, Tm, for a series of membranes containing different types of fatty acyl groups, but with a similar number of carbon atoms, decreases in the order: linear saturated greater than methyl isobranched greater than methyl anteisobranched greater than or equal to trans-monounsaturated greater than cis-monounsaturated. At comparable reduced temperatures below their respective Tm values, the degree of hydrocarbon chain order correlates strongly and positively with Tm, indicating that Tm is determined primarily by the efficiency of chain packing in the gel state. At comparable "reduced" temperatures above Tm, the degree of hydrocarbon chain orientational order is moderately and inversely correlated with Tm. At any one absolute temperature in the fluid state, however, orientational order does correlate weakly and inversely with Tm, due to a small inherent decrease in order with temperature. Thus, to a first approximation, membrane lipid order in the liquid-crystalline state is directly proportional, and membrane lipid fluidity inversely proportional, to the gel to liquid-crystalline phase transition temperature. However, the magnitude of this effect lessens with decreasing proximity to the Tm. Finally, evidence is presented that the presence of membrane protein has little if any effect on the average orientational order of the membrane lipid hydrocarbon chains in either gel or liquid-crystalline states. PMID- 6511358 TI - Ultraviolet irradiation mutagenesis and recombination in Spiroplasma citri. AB - A method for obtaining and screening uv-induced mutants from Spiroplasma citri is described. Lethality response curves showed that S. citri is more sensitive to uv irradiation than are other microorganisms. The presence of a shoulder in the lethality response curve showed the existence of systems able to repair uv induced DNA damages. Toxic-resistant mutants have been obtained. A uv fluence equal to 10 J/m2 multiplied by 2.5 X 10(3) gave the spontaneous mutation frequency. Arsenic acid- and xylitol-resistant mutants were used to investigate transfer of genetic information in S. citri. After 90 min of incubation, the recombination frequency was 5 X 10(-5). PMID- 6511359 TI - Spiroplasma fibrils. AB - A fundamental question in biology concerns the morphology of spiroplasmas: How does a wall-less microorganism maintain its characteristic morphology as a helical filament? An answer to this question began to form when it was discovered that spiroplasmas treated with any of a number of detergents (sodium deoxycholate, Triton X-100, Nonidet P-40) release their cytoplasmic contents. If this procedure is performed on a formvar-coated electron microscope grid and the resultant preparation negatively stained and observed by transmission electron microscopy, numerous striated microfibrils can be seen where spiroplasmas once were. The fibrils are of varying lengths, 4 nm in width, and show a striation repeat at 9 nm along their length. It is not possible to discern from the pattern of the released fibrils just how they are organized within the intact spiroplasma; nor is it yet possible to identify a fibrillar substructure in thin sections or in freeze-fractured organisms. Townsend and his colleagues at the John Innes Institute in Norwich, UK, purified fibrils by density gradient centrifugation. SDS-PAGE showed the fibrils to consist of a 55,000-dalton protein recognizable in the four serogroups tested by protein blotting with an antiserum made against the PAGE-separated protein. The presence of fibrils is a feature common to all spiroplasma, regardless of whether they are helical or nonhelical, as in the Ixodes tick-derived spiroplasma or Townsend's ASP-1 strain of Spiroplasma citri. We have employed gentle demembranation treatments that preserve filamentous substructure in an effort to elucidate the organization of the fibrils within the spiroplasma cell. PMID- 6511360 TI - Oxidoreduction sites and relationships of spiroplasmas with insect cells in culture. AB - We have previously shown that Spiroplasma citri oxidoreduction sites, as revealed by the reduction of potassium tellurite into electron-dense tellurium crystals detectable by electron microscopy, were located at the blunt end of the organisms. The time of incubation of S. citri in potassium tellurite had no influence on the labeling. We have investigated the presence and location of oxidoreduction sites for other spiroplasmas such as the corn stunt spiroplasma (CSS), 277F, B88, BNR1 and PPS1. For all of these strains (except CSS, which is similar to S. citri), the location of oxidoreduction sites was affected by the time of incubation in potassium tellurite, and could be observed in different locations of the helix. 277F showed first labeling at the blunt end and a second, strong labeling at the tapered end. The other strains showed labeling all along the helix, but labeling at the blunt end generally appeared first. When Drosophila (Dm-1) cell cultures were infected with S. citri or 277F, the organisms adsorbed to the cells. Observation of infected cells by electron microscopy revealed that S. citri attached to the cells by the blunt end, while 277F attached either by the blunt end or the tapered one. The infection of leafhopper cell cultures (AS-2) with S. citri has been followed by transmission electron microscopy after incorporation of tritiated thymidine in the organism, and an immunocytochemical method has been developed to locate the organisms inside the cells. PMID- 6511361 TI - Ureaplasmas as a cause of disease in man and animals: fact or fancy? AB - There is reluctance by some to regard ureaplasmas as a cause of nongonococcal urethritis in men largely because the organisms may also be found in healthy persons. Could they be no more than passengers in disease? A review of past work suggests that this is not likely, a notion supported by the results of more recent studies. In certain other human diseases, such as urethritis and arthritis in hypogammaglobulinemic patients, the pathogenicity of ureaplasmas appears beyond question. In a variety of other conditions, such as the urethral syndrome in women, infertility, various pregnancy-related problems, and respiratory distress in infants, the situation is confused. It is possible that ureaplasmas have some part to play in all these conditions. However, both old and new information indicates that they do not have a major role in most of them, and that assertions to the contrary are fanciful. In the veterinary field, it is easier to come to conclusions about the role of these organisms, although their involvement in genital tract disease is least well validated. Finally, the occurrence of ureaplasmas in a colony of male and female chimpanzees, some with infertility problems, is presented, and the possible value of this situation in attempting to define the role of ureaplasmas in the human condition is mentioned. PMID- 6511362 TI - Flask-shaped mycoplasmas: properties and pathogenicity for man and animals. AB - In spite of the variations in cell form and cell size, some mycoplasmas show several consistent and peculiar structural features: a flask- or club-shaped cell form and a more or less defined terminal structure. Organisms with these features can be observed within the species Mycoplasma pneumoniae, M. genitalium, M. pulmonis, M. gallisepticum, M. alvi, M. sualvi and Mycoplasma sp. strain 163 K. Ultrastructural peculiarities of some flask-shaped mycoplasmas are a surface nap and a cytoskeleton. With the exception of M. alvi and M. sualvi, for which detailed investigations are lacking, the flask-shaped mycoplasmas differ from the other mycoplasmas by their gliding motility and adherence properties. All of the flask-shaped mycoplasmas ferment glucose, but there are differences in the other biochemical properties investigated and in the guanine + cytosine ratio. The question remains whether the flask shape, the adherence and the motility are associated with pathogenicity, since three mycoplasmas with these properties are established pathogens. No data are available at present on the pathogenicity of the remaining four species, but several criteria suggest that at least two of them may have an etiological role in disease. PMID- 6511364 TI - Studies on the mechanism of macrophage-mediated tumor cell lysis induced by Mycoplasma orale. AB - Following our previous demonstration that both viable and heat-killed Mycoplasma orale induce selective tumor cell killing by murine peritoneal macrophages, further investigations reported here showed that also macrophages from a continuously proliferating cell line established from long-term cultures of murine bone marrow explants can effectively be induced by the heat-killed mycoplasmas to express cytolysis. The use of single-cell suspensions of M. orale from a 0.45-micron filtrate or following either sonication or treatment with DNase did not significantly affect the level of cytolysis. Minute quantities of M. orale acted synergistically with ineffectively low levels of either lymphokines (LK) or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to produce killing. The exceptional resistance of M109 lung adenocarcinoma cells to macrophage-mediated killing induced by LK and LPS, as previously reported by us, could not be overcome by the addition of M. orale. These data appear to indicate a mechanism of macrophage activation by M. orale similar to that caused by LPS. PMID- 6511363 TI - Mycoplasma pulmonis detection in rodents: lessons for diagnosis in other species. AB - Evaluation is made of cultural and serological tests used in the diagnosis of mycoplasma infections in normal and barrier-maintained colonies of rats and mice. Special emphasis is put on the significance of positive ELISA tests for immunoglobulin M and G (IgM and IgG) and on the difficulty resulting from the presence of cross-reactive antigens in Mycoplasma pulmonis and M. arthritidis. Recommendations are made as to the diagnostic tests most adequate for monitoring laboratory animal colonies for mycoplasma infections. PMID- 6511365 TI - [(IgG)2 protein A]2 complex stimulates cytosine arabinoside incorporation into DNA and inhibits L cell proliferation. AB - A Mr = 716 000 complex, [(IgG)2 Protein A]2, formed when Protein A is mixed with a molar excess of IgG anti-L cell antibody, augmented [3H]thymidine incorporation in DNA and growth of a murine transformed L cell line. It was also possible to augment the incorporation of [3H]cytosine arabinoside (2.3-fold) in DNA by the binding of this complex to L cells. A synergistic inhibition of L cell proliferation was produced using the complex and certain concentrations of cytosine arabinoside. By binding the complex to L cells, a 5-fold lower concentration of cytosine arabinoside (0.050 microgram/ml) was as effective in inhibiting cell replication as the higher dose of the drug (0.25 microgram/ml) with cells bound by IgG antibody alone, and a 20-fold lower concentration compared to the effects of the drug itself (1.0 microgram/ml). Addition of 10 microM thymidine to the complex permitted the use of an even lower dose of cytosine arabinoside (0.004 microgram/ml) for inhibition of cell growth. Thymidine caused this effect by producing an even greater incorporation of drug into the DNA of complex-stimulated cells. Thus, by stimulating the cell with the immune [(IgG)2 Protein A]2 complex it was possible to stimulate uptake of a chemotherapeutic nucleoside and selectively inhibit cell replication at non-toxic doses of nucleoside. PMID- 6511366 TI - Specific antibody synthesis in vitro. II. Age-associated thymosin enhancement of antitetanus antibody synthesis. AB - A decline in T cell function accounts for many of the observed age-related deficient immune responses. Specific antibody response to many antigens requires T cell cooperation, and deficient antibody response to such antigens has been demonstrated with aging. In an effort to assess the potential reconstitutive capacity of Thymosin Fraction 5, in vitro antitetanus antibody production was measured in tetanus toxoid booster-immunized young and old volunteers. 22 young and 12 old volunteers were immunized with tetanus toxoid and plasma antitetanus antibody and in vitro lymphocyte production of antitetanus antibody was measured. Plasma antitetanus antibody response was significantly greater in the young. In vitro antitetanus antibody synthesis was negligible prior to immunization and peaked in cultures established 1 week after immunization from both young and old. When Thymosin Fraction 5 was added to the cultures, however, there was a dose related enhancement of antibody synthesis in 7 of 10 from the group of elderly volunteers, but only 3 of 12 from the younger group. Our data indicate that specific antibody response is deficient in the elderly, but can be enhanced in vitro by thymosin. A future clinical trial of thymosin as an adjuvant to active immunization for the elderly is warranted. PMID- 6511367 TI - Effects of serum on C3b-stimulated release of prostaglandins and thromboxane B2 from human monocytes. AB - Previous studies have demonstrated that C3b stimulates the release of prostaglandin E and thromboxane B2 from human monocytes in serum-free cultures. We have examined the influence of serum on this phenomenon, and have found that addition of normal human serum or fetal calf serum to such cultures at concentrations of 0.1-5.0% results in enhanced release of both eicosanoids in C3b stimulated cultures, while release in control cultures is unaffected or, in many cases, inhibited. Addition of human serum albumin or transferrin to serum-free cultures is not sufficient to mimic the serum effect. Fetal calf and normal human sera increase the efficacy of C3b in stimulating release of both prostaglandin E and thromboxane B2 at all but the lowest doses tested, but fail to significantly alter the kinetics or release or the acquired unresponsiveness of monocytes to C3b that occurs following culture periods of greater than 24 h. By preincubation of purified C3b in normal human serum, it can be shown that such serum degrades C3b stimulatory activity, but at a rate that is slow enough to permit expression of its activity when added at the beginning of the culture period. In contrast, the stimulatory activity of E. coli lipopolysaccharide is unaffected by pretreatment with serum. Thus, in contrast to the inhibitory effect of serum on the activity of C3 fragments in in vitro assays of certain mononuclear cell functions such as lymphocyte transformation and antibody production, serum enhances the ability of C3b to stimulate monocyte prostaglandin release. PMID- 6511368 TI - Australia: in vitro fertilization and more. PMID- 6511369 TI - Britain: the public gets involved. PMID- 6511370 TI - Canada: the Mandarin bureaucracy. PMID- 6511371 TI - China: diary of a barefoot bioethicist. PMID- 6511372 TI - France: a national committee debates the issues. PMID- 6511373 TI - Italy: abortion and nationalized health care. PMID- 6511374 TI - The Netherlands: tolerance and teaching. PMID- 6511375 TI - Thailand: Buddhism meets the Western model. PMID- 6511376 TI - Yugoslavia: equity and imported ethical dilemmas. PMID- 6511377 TI - Prisoner in the ICU: the tragedy of William Bartling. PMID- 6511378 TI - When the doctor and the minister disagree. Commentary. PMID- 6511379 TI - When the doctor and the minister disagree. Commentary. PMID- 6511380 TI - Doctors helping doctors. PMID- 6511381 TI - Preparing for the perils of practice. PMID- 6511382 TI - Don't go along with hopelessness. PMID- 6511383 TI - Is presumed consent the answer to the organ shortage? PMID- 6511384 TI - Screening for breast cancer in Hawaii--further implications. PMID- 6511385 TI - Hyperthermia and cancer research. PMID- 6511386 TI - Human tumor stem-cell clonogenic assay--another failed cancer fad? PMID- 6511387 TI - Intracoronary streptokinase for acute myocardial infarction. PMID- 6511388 TI - Early experience with intravenous streptokinase in the treatment of acute myocardial infarction in Hilo Hospital. PMID- 6511389 TI - Neonatal polycythemia in Hawaii. PMID- 6511390 TI - Effect of vacuum cleaning on house dust mites. PMID- 6511391 TI - IgE and IgG1, 2, 4 in desensitization of pollen asthma. PMID- 6511392 TI - Communication between psychiatrists and general practitioners. What sort of letters should psychiatrists write? PMID- 6511393 TI - Thyroid follow-up: traditional, national or rational schemes? PMID- 6511394 TI - Day-to-day variations in operating theatre pollution: implications for a routine monitoring strategy. PMID- 6511395 TI - Perinatal mortality in Scotland, 1983. PMID- 6511397 TI - The disparity between the amount of emergency preparedness for nuclear vs other rare catastrophic events. PMID- 6511396 TI - Immediate and delayed effects of postal advice on stopping smoking. PMID- 6511398 TI - Personnel neutron dosimetry using particle tracks in solids: a comparison. AB - Comparison of two nuclear track methods of dosimetry for fast neutrons shows similar uncertainties for manual counting of etched tracks as for electrochemical read-out by a commercial service. The standard deviation is approximately 30% under rigorous specification of conditions, i.e. monoenergetic neutrons and minimum neutron scattering. Because this or greater uncertainty is common to most methods, such doses should not be quoted to higher precision. PMID- 6511399 TI - Feasibility study on a continuous environmental gamma-ray monitor using a NaI(Tl) scintillation spectrometer. AB - Energy spectra of gamma rays due to artificial radionuclides could be estimated by using a NaI(Tl) scintillation spectrometer on the basis of the analysis of natural environmental gamma rays. This analysis system was applied to a continuous gamma-ray monitor in the vicinity of a nuclear facility, and a plume exposure rate due to gaseous effluents of about 6 X 10(-2) Ci hr-1 (2.2 X 10(9) Bq hr-1) could be estimated successfully downwind from the stack. PMID- 6511400 TI - The use of planar high-purity Ge detectors for in vivo measurement of low-energy photon emitters. AB - Multiple planar high-purity Ge detectors have been used for the past year to detect, localize and quantify several radionuclides in radiation workers. The advantages of these detectors over NaI(Tl), phoswich, and arrays of planar Ge detectors attached to a single cryostat are illustrated by the results of the measurements of 238Pu, 239Pu, 241Am, 210Pb, 144Ce, 125I, U and 154Eu in exposed radiation workers. The main advantages are a more positive identification of radionuclides, greater sensitivity, and less interference from higher energy gamma rays that might be present in the body. The increased sensitivity of these planar detectors over that of other types of detectors is due to better resolution which provides a better photopeak-to-background ratio and a much better background prediction capability. Good resolution is especially useful for measuring low-energy X or gamma rays in the presence of high-energy gamma emitters. PMID- 6511401 TI - Time-averaged indoor Rn concentrations and infiltration rates sampled in four U.S. cities. AB - Indoor Rn concentrations, measured in 58 houses during a 4- to 5-mon period during the winter and spring of 1981-1982, varied from 0.1-16 pCi l-1 (4-590 Bq m 3). Average infiltration rates were determined for each house during the same period, based on a measurement of the effective leakage area and an infiltration model, and found to range from 0.2-2.2 air changes per hour (h-1). Indoor Rn concentrations correlated poorly with infiltration rates for houses within each city as well as for the entire sample. Differences in Rn entry rates among houses thus appear to be more important than differences in infiltration rates in determining whether a house has high indoor Rn levels, consistent with previous indications from grab-sample measurements. Radon entry rates and indoor Rn concentrations were generally higher in houses in Fargo, ND, and Colorado Springs, CO, than in houses in Portland, ME, and Charleston, NC. PMID- 6511402 TI - Survey of ultrasound therapy devices in Manitoba. AB - In 1982 a survey was performed of 89 ultrasound therapy devices in use in medical and paramedical organizations in Manitoba. Field measurements of ultrasonic output power, intensity, and timer accuracy in the clinical operating range were made together with maximum output power and transducer operating frequency. Results of the measurements are presented and the performance characteristics of the units compared with manufacturers' performance criteria for ultrasound therapy devices as given in the Canadian Radiation Emitting Devices (RED) Act. PMID- 6511403 TI - Some comments on the concepts of dose and dose equivalent. AB - Although dose is the simplest and most widely used measurement of a radiation field, it does not always lead to an unambiguous estimate of response. This is reflected in the very wide range of relative biologic effectiveness (RBE) values for biological systems. The ambiguity arises from the focus on energy deposition as the source of biological effect, whether in macroscopic or microscopic volumes. The properties of the biological detector play a role equally important to the properties of the radiation field in their interaction. To predict even the most experimentally accessible biological response, cell killing, we must know the probability per unit path length for generating the observed end point. Especially for high LET radiations we need the action across sections and the particle-energy spectrum. No one parameter reduction of a radiation field can predict biological effect. For cell killing such a prediction can be made, however, from a two-parameter reduction of the interaction between the radiation field and a specific cell line and a specific ambience of the survival curve for the specific radiation field. The determination of these two parameters leads to a suggested new procedure for evaluating the dose equivalent. PMID- 6511405 TI - The optimization of the analysis of 63Ni in urine. AB - A method has been developed that separates 63Ni from urine. The subsequent estimation of activity is by liquid scintillation counting. The urine is wet ashed by a new procedure which is much faster than conventional ashing methods. Interfering phosphates are removed before a precipitation of Ni as the dimethylglyoxime complex. The effects of the carrier weight, the pH of the phosphate removal step and the pH of the dimethylglyoxime precipitation have been investigated and optimized to give a mean recovery of 97 +/- 8% for 63Ni. The detection limit as defined by Currie (1968) is estimated to be 4.0 pCi (147 mBq) per sample. PMID- 6511404 TI - Correction factors for survey meter calibrations. AB - A factor is derived to correct the response of a large cylindrical air ionization chamber in the radiation field of a point-like calibration gamma-ray source. The calculated factor is compared with the observed response of commercially available instruments used for radiation safety surveys. It is concluded that proper use of the factor can improve the accuracy of survey meter calibrations when point-like standard sources are employed. Furthermore, it is shown how the design of a chamber can reduce the response error when using point-like sources for calibration. PMID- 6511406 TI - Plutonium-237 and 239Pu retention in a St. Bernard. PMID- 6511407 TI - Lead-210 in uranium mine and mill workers. PMID- 6511408 TI - The relationship between tritiated water activities in air, vegetation and soil under steady-state conditions. PMID- 6511409 TI - A rapid, economical technique for removing radioactivity from receptor binding assay aqueous wastes. PMID- 6511410 TI - Collimator slit alignment for Panorex dental units. PMID- 6511411 TI - The processing of whole milk powder from milk contaminated with 131I and its consequences for the environment. PMID- 6511412 TI - Comments on 'Proposed criteria for issuing personnel dosimeters'. PMID- 6511413 TI - Projected whole-body career doses for radiation workers in Canada. AB - Projected whole-body career doses have been calculated from Canadian exposure data contained in the National Dose Registry, using the straight extrapolation of accumulated annual doses to a 40-y period, as described in the 1977 UNSCEAR report (UNSCEAR77). The calculations are broken down by type of employment. The results are compatible with earlier publications. Double regressions provided trends of projected career doses with increasing length of employment and with progressing date of enrollment into the registry. The career doses fit a log normal or a hybrid log-normal distribution for occupations with low and high exposures, respectively. PMID- 6511414 TI - The French emergency plans in the event of nuclear accidents. AB - The purpose of the French Health Protection Policy in the event of a nuclear accident is to establish emergency plans particular to each site (EPP) applicable outside the plant. The methodology includes several stages: provisional and operational evaluation of releases, intervention itself and recovery. Modelling of isoconcentration and isodeposition curves is part of the provisional evaluation. In addition, an original parametric method for risk evaluation takes into account the magnitude and time of the release and its content in "critical" radionuclides, e.g. iodines. The intervention modalities are planned according to the geographic and demographic characteristics of the site. The areas and number of people involved are obtained by means of a subprogram, ISODOSE, based on the coordinates of the point source. A forecast of the shape of indirect trajectories can be gained from a meteorological and orological study of real sites. The routing of the control teams and the various types of countermeasures around each site are specified. The effectiveness of the various countermeasures, such as relocation and sheltering, has been evaluated for the optimisation of the intervention and for the definition of objective criteria such as the population doses that could be received if no countermeasures were applied during a given time after the accident. The weather conditions and the appropriateness of some extensive countermeasures, such as spraying by planes, have also been taken into account in the study of the evolution of contamination in an urban environment. PMID- 6511415 TI - A Si(Li)-NaI(Tl) detector for direct measurement of plutonium in vivo. AB - A Si(Li)-NaI(Tl) detector system is shown to be very promising for measurements of Pu in human lungs via the L x rays. The Si(Li) detectors are mounted on their edge to permit the front surface to view the lung and the back surface to view a NaI(Tl) anticoincidence scintillator for background suppression. Silicon has high intrinsic efficiency for detection of low-energy x rays and low sensitivity to background-producing gamma rays. By virtue of the high-energy resolution of the Si(Li) detectors, the UL x-ray peaks are separated from the NpL x-ray peaks thereby making it feasible to measure Pu in the presence of 241Am. The high resolution further reduces background thereby providing for high sensitivity. Measurements of Pu in lung phantoms were made with a prototype Si(Li)-NaI(Tl) detector system to simulate a pair of six-Si(Li)-detector arrays using a 2.5-cm thick tissue-equivalent absorber. With a lung burden of 15 nCi 239Pu and 0.1% 241Am, a 2000-sec measurement gave a total UL x-ray count (UL beta and UL gamma) to square-root-of-background ratio of 2.1 which corresponds to a confidence level of 85%. PMID- 6511416 TI - Nuclear fuel-cycle radionuclides in raptor castings: implications for environmental monitoring. AB - Our sampling results indicate that raptor castings (regurgitated material containing the nondigestible remains of prey) faithfully reflect the composition of known environmental gamma-emitting radionuclides. The castings are easily obtainable and provide a way to monitor for the presence of biologically available radionuclides. Raptor castings can also provide a useful adjunct to existing monitoring programs where small mammal burrowing into buried waste may occur. PMID- 6511417 TI - Environmental neutron measurements around nuclear facilities with moderated-type neutron detector. AB - A cylindrical BF3 counter with cylindrical polyethylene moderators of 1-, 3-, 6- and 10-cm wall thickness were developed for neutron spectrometry, having response functions calculated by the time-dependent multi-group Monte Carlo code, TMMCR, and evaluated by a time-of-flight experiment in the energy region from epithermal to about 50 keV. This system of neutron detectors was used to measure the environmental neutron spectrum and dose equivalent around a 252Cf fission neutron source, a fast neutron source reactor, a cyclotron and an electron synchrotron. The neutron spectrum and dose obtained by this detector system showed very good agreement with those measured by a commercially available neutron rem counter and calculated by our MMCR Monte Carlo code. As a result of these comparisons, this detector system has been established as a standard spectrometer and dosimeter for environmental measurements around nuclear facilities. PMID- 6511418 TI - Radionuclide concentrations in mule deer with reference to waste-management ponds on the Hanford Site. AB - A comparison was made between the amount of time 17 radio-collared mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) spent near low-level waste-management ponds on the Hanford Site and the levels of radionuclides found in samples of their muscle, liver, bone and rumen contents. All deer had low, but detectable, amounts of 137Cs in their muscle, liver and rumen contents and 90Sr in their bone. Several other radionuclides were detected in the rumen samples, but were apparently not incorporated into the muscle and liver tissue. There was a positive, significant correlation between the amount of time deer spent near the waste-management ponds and the levels of 137Cs in their muscle and liver and 90Sr in their bone. The concentrations of 137Cs in rumen samples did not appear to be related to the amount of time deer spent near waste-management ponds. The variability of 137Cs in muscle was higher in those deer living near the waste-management ponds than in individuals residing in areas remote from the ponds. In general, the levels of radionuclides in Hanford Site deer appear to be reduced from that observed in the 1960s. PMID- 6511419 TI - The metabolism of 3H compounds and limits for intakes by workers. AB - A wide variety of 3H compounds with different physico-chemical and radiotoxic properties are produced and used throughout the world. For the purpose of worker radiation safety, 3H compounds have been divided into five classes: oxide, gaseous, insoluble, soluble organic substances and precursors of nucleic acids. Based on recent radiobiological and dosimetric data the quality factor for 3H has been suggested (QF = 2). Standards for oxide and gaseous 3H, reduced by a factor of 3-10, as compared with International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) recommendations, have been suggested. New standards, 2-30 times lower than those for 3H oxide, have been worked out for the other three classes of 3H compounds. A limit for removable surface contamination from nonvolatile forms of 3H has been proposed (LSC = 1 kBq cm-2). PMID- 6511420 TI - Exposure from the radioactivity in building materials. PMID- 6511421 TI - An estimate of 237Np production during atmospheric testing. PMID- 6511422 TI - Comments on 'Coal energy vs nuclear energy: a comparison of the radiological risks'. PMID- 6511423 TI - Radiological risks: coal vs nuclear. PMID- 6511424 TI - Transmission in concrete of primary and leakage x rays from a 24-MV medical linear accelerator. AB - The transmission of leakage radiation from a 24-MV/6-MV linear accelerator was measured through 52 in. of concrete forming the roof of a test cell, at angles of 30, 45, 90, 135 and 180 degrees relative to the direction of the electron beam at the target. Transmission of the primary beam was also included as a partial check on the suitability of the method. The latter results were in good agreement with recommended values. The leakage radiation tenth-value layers agreed well with theory at 90 degrees but, at greater and lesser angles, interpretation was less straightforward, owing it is believed to the multiple leakage sources and complex shielding geometries inherent in a bent-beam machine. The implications of the findings concerning shielding barrier design are discussed, including consideration of the new case presented by dual photon energy machines. PMID- 6511425 TI - Corneal damage induced by pulsed CO2 laser radiation. AB - Corneal damage thresholds were determined in Dutch Belted rabbits following CO2 laser radiation with pulse widths of 1.7, 25 and 250 ns. The threshold values for corneal clouding found for the 3 cases were 0.33, 0.54 and 0.18 J/cm2, respectively. These results are in accord with expectations based on a thermal damage mechanism, with no evidence of acoustic shock or other mechanisms contributing to the observed damage for the exposure parameters used in this study. The data support the suggested maximum permissible exposure levels for short-pulse far-infrared laser radiation as quoted in current laser safety standards. PMID- 6511426 TI - The estimation of dose equivalent from the activation of plastic scintillators. AB - It is shown that the dose equivalent to be attributed to the fluence measured by the activation of 11C in a plastic scintillator when exposed outside the shielding of a high-energy proton accelerator is close to the value of 28 fSv m2 in current use at the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) when the neutron component of the field alone is considered. However the presence of significant numbers of pions and protons in stray fields would raise this conversion factor to approx. 45 fSv m2. PMID- 6511427 TI - Assimilation of 3H in photosynthesizing leaves exposed to HTO. AB - Potato and wine grape plants were exposed for a period of 4 h to tritiated water vapor, and simultaneously to 14CO2 which served as a tracer for photosynthetic assimilation. During and after exposure, foliar samples were collected in which the exchangeable and nonexchangeable fractions of organic 3H were determined, taking care that the exchangeable fraction should not be lost to atmosphere. It was demonstrated that about 20% of the organic H in vegetation could be exchanged with 3H of tissue water, and that nonexchangeable 3H was fixed by photosynthesis. The kinetic behavior of the 2 forms was very different. PMID- 6511428 TI - Uptake of Pb by human skeleton and comparative metabolism of Pb and alkaline earth elements. AB - Measurements of the retention of 47Ca and of 203Pb were made following their administration by intravenous injection. Translocation to bone was measured by gamma counting the feet of subjects. Uptake by bone of 203Pb was comparatively slow and extrapolation to the whole skeleton indicated that 20% of the dose had been taken up within 20 days. By time, a similar fraction of the dose had been excreted in urine. These results are consistent with Kehoe's (Ke61) long-term balance studies on 2 human subjects given stable Pb orally. Uptake by bone of 47Ca was about 1.5-2 times the amount excreted in urine. Both the uptake by bone, and its excretion in urine, were more rapid than that of 203Pb due to the greater attachment of the latter to red blood cells. However, the plasma clearance rate for Pb, like that of Sr, was greater than that of Ca. PMID- 6511429 TI - Preliminary calculations and radioprotection considerations on prompt and delayed radiation from the DD-operated Frascati Tokamak Upgrade Tokamak. AB - This work presents a preliminary evaluation of the expected dose rate levels from prompt and delayed radiation around the Frascati Tokamak Upgrade (FTU) Tokamak machine, a future fusion experimental device operated with 2H. Great care is devoted to the machine, activation. The dose rate levels from activated materials are calculated by an ad hoc code, based on a priori semi-empirical evaluations of the neutron spectra and fluences. The most relevant nuclides contributing to the dose at different cooling times are identified. Finally, the radiation shielding design, the radiation monitoring system and the safety system are discussed. PMID- 6511430 TI - Radiation protection in a luminous dial factory using 147Pm as a joint effort between industry and an academic institution. PMID- 6511431 TI - Effects of a health education curriculum on the smoking intentions of preschool children. AB - A smoking questionnaire that was designed to assess children's views about the identity, availability, and use of tobacco products, as well as their intentions to use such products in the future, was given to 150 four-year-old preschool children, 99 of whom had been taught the Preschool Health Education (PHEP) curriculum. Results indicated that significantly fewer of the children who received the PHEP curriculum intended to smoke in the future. Most of the children who intended to smoke were influenced by adult models. PMID- 6511432 TI - Spontaneous classification of foods by elementary school-aged children. AB - This study examined children's conceptions about nutrients and the dimensions underlying their classifications of foods into groups. Children aged 5 to 11 (59 girls and 56 boys) placed 71 foods into groups by whatever criteria they wished. The bases of these classifications were recorded, as were the children's answers to questions about nutrients and their responses in tasks assessing cognitive developmental level. A cluster analysis of the classification data yielded four major groups. However, these groups differed in several respects from the Basic Four food groups generally taught in nutrition education, in ways including the presence of a sweets groups. Multidimensional scaling analysis revealed common underlying dimensions of sweet versus nonsweet foods and meal entrees versus drinks and breakfast foods, suggesting that perceptual, functional, and physical properties of foods influenced food classifications by children regardless of cognitive development level. However, only "concrete operational" children were substantially influenced by dimensions involving degree of processing of foods and origin of foods in plants or animals. Understanding of nutrients improved with cognitive developmental level, but generally poor understanding was evident. The results highlight the need to design health education curricula that are appropriate to students' cognitive developmental levels and to their naturally occurring conceptualizations. PMID- 6511433 TI - Life events, social network, life-style, and health: an analysis of the 1979 National Survey of Personal Health Practices and Consequences. AB - The relationships among social structure, stress, social support, life-style health behavior, and health status are explored in this multivariate analysis of data from the National Survey of Personal Health Practices and Consequences. Path analyses showed social structural factors to influence life-style practices both directly and indirectly through social network and negative life events. For women, social network and life events had direct relationships to health related life-style practices, while age and income acted both directly and indirectly through social network and, for income, through life events. Education was also directly related to life-style. For men, social network and education had the only direct effects on health practices, and age and income had indirect effects through network. We then examined the relative contributions of the social network index elements, life events, and demographic variables to each of the life-style practices. These analyses confirmed the importance of gender, education, age, and income to predicting life-style behaviors. Negative life events were associated with smoking for both men and women, sleep for women only, and physical activity and alcohol use for men, which suggests sex-specific norms for coping with stress. For both sexes, church attendance and marriage were associated with favorable smoking and alcoholic use, implicating cognitive social support or social control as a mediator of health promotion. Finally, analyses for each gender using health status as the outcome variable indicated that age, income, education, and life events affected health directly, while the effects of church attendance and marriage were likely mediated through smoking and alcohol behaviors. PMID- 6511435 TI - Cosmetic rhinoplasty: radiological features. AB - The usual radiologic postoperative appearance of the bony nasal pyramid following a typical cosmetic rhinoplasty is demonstrated, and possible atypical sequelae are discussed. More specifically, the sites of the osteotomies performed as part of this surgical procedure are diagrammatically illustrated. It is believed that because of the increasing popularity of rhinoplastic operations, it is timely to acquaint radiologists with the postsurgical stigmata which, though minor, might be erroneously interpreted as resulting from accidental trauma or other pathologic processes. Beyond academic considerations, potential medicolegal implications also exist. A brief historical overview is included. PMID- 6511434 TI - Computed tomography of the face and paranasal sinuses: Part I. Normal anatomy. AB - Computed tomographic (CT) scanning of the face and sinuses has improved markedly with modern equipment and methods. Expertise in facial and sinus anatomy as seen by CT is invaluable to the clinician. A review of normal CT anatomy is presented as a basis for diagnosing pathologic conditions. PMID- 6511436 TI - High resolution computed tomography, Part 2: The salivary glands and oral cavity. AB - High resolution computed tomography (CT) has been of extraordinary value in all areas of the head and neck. Previous communications have indicated its effectiveness in the evaluation of the temporal bone and soft tissues of the neck. This current communication illustrates and discusses the anatomy and pathology of the salivary glands and oral cavity as seen on CT. PMID- 6511437 TI - Chondrosarcoma of the nasal septum: a case report. AB - Chondrosarcoma arising in the nasal septum has been previously described only 11 times. In this report, another case occurring in an 89-year-old man is discussed. The rarity of such a tumor arising in previously normal cartilage is emphasized. Prognostic factors and surgical treatment are discussed. PMID- 6511438 TI - Heterotopic gastric cyst of the oral cavity. AB - The heterotopic gastric cyst of the oral cavity is a rare lesion. A recurrent gastric cyst in the floor of the mouth of a young female patient is presented. Current theories dealing with the histogenesis of these lesions are presented and discussed. Based on the available embryologic and clinical information, a new histogenetic concept for the development of the heterotopic gastric cyst is proposed. PMID- 6511439 TI - Plexiform ameloblastoma of the maxilla with extension to the skull base. AB - Ameloblastomas are locally invasive benign tumors believed to originate from the developing dental lamina. Maxillary ameloblastomas are rare, comprising only 20% of all ameloblastomas. Of these, 90% arise posterior to the canine tooth. As tumors of the posterior maxilla grow slowly, symptoms are few until the tumor has reached considerable size. At the time of presentation there may be evidence of extension into anatomic areas adjacent to the posterior maxilla. Hemimaxillectomy through wide surgical exposure has the best chance of achieving tumor control. However, once the tumor has extended beyond the confines of the maxilla the prognosis for control of the disease is poor. PMID- 6511440 TI - The incidence of hypercalcemia in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. AB - Hypercalcemia is a well-recognized phenomenon in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck, but the incidence of hypercalcemia in this group of patients is not clear. We have reviewed the records of 166 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck presented at the Boston VA Medical Center over a 2 year period (October 1981 to September 1983). Hypercalcemia (greater than 11 mg/dl), for which a benign etiology could not be identified, occurred in the clinical course of seven patients (4.2%). Of the hypercalcemic patients, 5/7 (71.4%) had advanced stage IV disease and serum calcium levels ranging from 11.2 to 15 mg/dl at presentation. The incidence of hypercalcemia in this stage IV group was 5/78 (6.4%). On the basis of concomitant serum alkaline phosphatase, x ray films, and radionuclide bone scans in these patients, bone metastases or a humoral factor were felt to be the etiologic agent. Six of the seven patients died within 77 days of the onset of the hypercalcemia despite vigorous antihypercalcemic and chemotherapeutic measures, and the remaining patient is under chemotherapy at present. We conclude that hypercalcemia is a late manifestation of advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck and is an ominous prognostic sign. Hypercalcemia without bone metastases is presumably due to the production of ectopic parathormone (PTH)-like substances from the tumor. To control this hypercalcemia, the underlying tumor must be treated vigorously in conjunction with symptomatic treatment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6511441 TI - [Problems of knee injuries from the viewpoint of the Swiss Accident Insurance Institute]. PMID- 6511442 TI - [Reconstruction and after care in recent ligamentous knee injuries]. PMID- 6511443 TI - [Cartilage lesions]. PMID- 6511444 TI - [Vascular lesions associated with knee injuries]. PMID- 6511445 TI - [Chordoma of the sacrum. Case report]. PMID- 6511446 TI - [Osteotomy of the clavicle with preosteosynthesis. Its indications and technic in the exploration of the brachial plexus]. PMID- 6511447 TI - [Dissection of the cervical internal carotid artery. Description of 4 cases]. PMID- 6511448 TI - Predicting the properties of second cycle hybrids produced by intercrossing random samples of recombinant inbred lines. AB - Distributive properties of the second cycle hybrids that are produced by inter crossing the recombinant inbreds extractable from the F2 of a cross between two pure breeding lines can be predicted from the early generations of the original cross. Hence the frequency of such hybrids that will outperform the extreme recombinant inbreds or the original F1 can be predicted. Basic generations and triple test cross families provide the most reliable estimates of the predictors and therefore should be used whenever possible although, in the presence of linkage, randomly mated F2's may give improved predictions. Simpler experiments consisting of the parental varieties and their F1 and F2 generations, however, provide all the information that is likely to be necessary for most practical purposes. The predictive power of the new approach is demonstrated on material extracted from the cross of varieties 1 and 5 of Nicotiana rustica. The predictors were estimated from the means and variances of V1, V5, F1 and F2 raised in six environments between 1973 and 1983. The predicted frequencies of second cycle F1's which outperform the extreme recombinant inbred lines derived from this cross are compared with those observed among 190 second cycle hybrids in a diallel between 20 recombinant inbreds derived from the same cross. PMID- 6511449 TI - Medical education in the United States: some current problems and an uncertain future. PMID- 6511450 TI - Congenital seminal vesicle cyst: a specific diagnosis by computed tomography. PMID- 6511451 TI - Rapidly progressive pancytopenia, hepatomegaly, and abnormal lung uptake of colloid in systemic lupus erythematosus: possible saturation of reticuloendothelial system with blood elements. PMID- 6511452 TI - Tubal lavage in the management of ectopic pregnancy. PMID- 6511453 TI - Clinical trials: I. Design and ethical issues. PMID- 6511454 TI - Influenza: prevention and therapy. PMID- 6511455 TI - Mechanism of suppression of pressor vasopressin secretion by circulating catecholamines. PMID- 6511456 TI - Neuromuscular changes in spinocerebellar degeneration. PMID- 6511457 TI - Neuroendocrinological studies of Parkinson disease. PMID- 6511458 TI - Effect of cord blood plasma on erythroid burst formation. PMID- 6511459 TI - Experimental studies on acute gastric mucosal lesion in obstructive jaundice and biliary drainage models with emphasis on the changes of histamine and serotonin in the gastric mucosa. PMID- 6511460 TI - Measurement of thiol protease inhibitor in human and rabbit urine. PMID- 6511461 TI - Gastric mucosal lesion and pathogenetic role of gut hormones in rats with common bile duct ligation. PMID- 6511462 TI - VIPergic innervation in rats with congenital aganglionic colon. PMID- 6511463 TI - Serum alpha 1-acid glycoprotein level in chronic hemodialysis patients. PMID- 6511464 TI - Blood levels of vitamin B1, B2, B6, B12, A and E in healthy Japanese junior and high school children and young adults. PMID- 6511465 TI - VIP-producing neurogenic tumors in children: two case reports. PMID- 6511466 TI - Comparison of phenotypes of the two hands in cases of congenital anomalies of the hand showing bilateral affection. PMID- 6511467 TI - Experimental studies on prophylactic measures against acute gastric mucosal lesion complicated with obstructive jaundice with emphasis on the prophylactic effect of cimetidine. PMID- 6511468 TI - Clinical studies of acute gastric mucosal lesion complicated with obstructive jaundice--particularly regarding the cases on which reduction of jaundice was performed. PMID- 6511469 TI - Immunological studies on cigarette smokers. Part III. The influence of tobacco tar and water-soluble fraction (WSF) of cigarette smoke on the immunity of mice. PMID- 6511470 TI - Surgical treatment for carcinoma of the gallbladder: a study of 29 patients. PMID- 6511471 TI - Mast cell accumulation in 1,2-dimethylhydrazine induced colon tumors in rats. PMID- 6511472 TI - Experimental duodenal endocrine tumour in the rat. PMID- 6511473 TI - Primary repair vs secondary repair in peripheral nerve graft--comparative, histological and statistical studies of nerve regeneration in common peroneal nerve of rat. PMID- 6511474 TI - Thyroid disease and breast cancer. PMID- 6511475 TI - Influence of hemoperfusion using coated bead-type charcoal on middle molecules of hepatic failure dogs. PMID- 6511476 TI - Clinical and experimental studies on ascending cholangitis after Kasai's portoenterostomy for type III congenital bile duct atresia. PMID- 6511477 TI - Effect of N-CWS injection against influenza virus infection in the retired workers of the Okunojima Poison Gas factory. PMID- 6511478 TI - Evaluation of intercostobrachial nerve preservation in modified radical mastectomy for breast cancer--preliminary report on sensory disturbance test results. PMID- 6511479 TI - Distribution of catecholamine-containing cells in the atrial region in rats and ground squirrels. AB - The number and distribution of small intensely fluorescent (SIF) cells in the atrial region were determined, using fluorescence histochemical and histological techniques, in two species of the Rodentia order. In rats, SIF cells bore a fairly consistent anatomical relationship to the intracardiac ganglia and the variation in their distribution in individual animals appeared to reflect in part variations in extent and conformation of the intracardiac ganglia. In ground squirrels of similar age, fewer SIF cells were associated with intracardiac ganglia but they were in grape-like clusters between the aorta and the pulmonary artery. The clusters, varying from sparse to extensive, were present in all six ground squirrels examined. These observations indicate considerable intraorder differences in both qualitative and quantitative distribution of SIF cells in the atrial region, and prompt speculation that morphological differences reflect different functional roles. PMID- 6511480 TI - The distribution of types I, III, IV and V collagens in penetrant lesions of the central nervous system of the rat. AB - The presence and distribution of types I, III, IV and V collagens within open lesions in the rat cerebrum have been demonstrated by immunofluorescent techniques. In the adult animal, types I and III collagens can be identified in the cicatrix from eight days onwards. Types IV and V collagens occur in the basement membrane of the glia limitans formed between the neuropile and the cicatrix and in the basement membranes of the blood vessels. In neonatal animals, less than eight days old at operation and allowed to recover for eight days, no type I or III collagens occur in the lesion and no types IV and V are present along the edge of the neuropile, because a glia limitans is not formed. In animals operated on when eight days old, the adult response is found in the cortex only, but when 16 days old the full adult response occurs in all parts of the lesion. PMID- 6511481 TI - Immunohistochemical demonstration of neuron specific enolase in the nerve endings and skin receptors of marine eels. PMID- 6511483 TI - Efficacy of a food supplement in correcting riboflavin deficiency in pregnant Gambian women. AB - Pregnant women living in rural Gambian villages, whose natural riboflavin intake is about 0.5 mg/d, have abnormal biochemical riboflavin status and signs of clinical deficiency. A vitamin-fortified food supplement given in one village which increased the riboflavin intake to about 1.3 mg/d was followed by a substantial improvement in biochemical status, although seasonally-related variations in status somewhat complicated the picture. It was calculated that the amount of riboflavin needed to satisfy the requirement, for normal biochemical status, of the majority of pregnant women throughout pregnancy and throughout the year, is about 2.6 mg/d. Clinical signs associated with riboflavin deficiency, especially atrophic lingual papillae, showed significantly reduced incidence in the supplemented, compared with an unsupplemented, village. Cord blood values of the activation coefficient of erythrocyte glutathione reductase were in the abnormal range for 84 per cent of infants before introduction of the supplement, but were abnormal for only one of 12 infants after its introduction. Thus even a suboptimal maternal riboflavin intake of about 1.3 mg/d appears to be sufficient to prevent biochemical deficiency in cord blood, and to reduce considerably the incidence of clinical deficiency signs during pregnancy. PMID- 6511482 TI - The non-invasive measurement of urea kinetics in normal man by a constant infusion of 15N15N-urea. AB - A two-pool model is described for the non-invasive measurement of urea kinetics in man. The isotope, 15N15N-urea, was given until an isotopic steady state was reached in urine and the time taken to achieve this is defined. During an isotopic steady state, a comparison was made of the effect of giving the isotope orally, intravenously and intragastrically; no differences were found between the different routes. Measurements of enrichment were made on excretion products in urine. In six normal adults with a protein intake of 200 mg N/kg/d, the urea production rate was 139 +/- 15 mg N/kg/d, 70 per cent of which was excreted in urine. Of the 34 mg N/kg/d produced by hydrolysis of urea in the gastrointestinal tract, 41 per cent was resynthesized to urea, and about 48 per cent was available for other synthetic processes. PMID- 6511484 TI - Biochemical ariboflavinosis among Nigerian rural school children. AB - Eighty school children (47 boys and 33 girls) from a rural community ranging in age from 10 to 16 years and of low socio-economic status were surveyed for riboflavin deficiency. The overall prevalence of subclinical riboflavin deficiency was 41 per cent based upon an activity coefficient (AC) of erythrocyte glutathione reductase (EGR) of more than 1.30. Although there was no significant difference in the overall prevalence of riboflavin deficiency between the boys and girls, the EGR-AC values correlated significantly with dietary riboflavin intake (r = -0.48, P less than 0.002) for the boys only. The regression analyses of riboflavin intake on EGR-AC values indicated that a minimum daily intake of 0.70 mg riboflavin or 0.4 mg/1000 kcal corresponded to acceptable EGR-AC values (less than 1.20) for the boys. Dietary data showed that the intake of energy, thiamine and riboflavin was grossly inadequate for the needs of the children. About 15 per cent of the total protein intake and 14.3 per cent of the total riboflavin intake were obtained from animal products with plant sources contributing the bulk of the intake. Milk intake was very low or non-existent. It is suggested that dietary intakes of large quantities of leafy vegetables and the use of fermented products and dried shrimps in the soup or an oral vitamin supplement would improve their riboflavin intake. PMID- 6511485 TI - Within-subjects between-weeks variation in 24-hour energy expenditure for fixed physical activity. AB - The energy expenditure of eight male subjects over 24 h on a fixed activity programme was measured twice at an interval of one week in a 24 m3 direct calorimeter. The standard deviation of a single measurement of the total heat output was 234 kJ, or 2.2 per cent, expressed as a coefficient of variation. The corresponding numbers for sensible and evaporative heat output were 215 kJ (3.2 per cent) and 354 kJ (9.3 per cent), respectively. The within-subjects coefficient of correlation of sensible and evaporative heat loss was -0.77. The results are in agreement with previously published results (Dallosso, Murgatroyd & James, 1982) using indirect calorimetry and show that the 24-h energy expenditure on a fixed programme is a remarkably constant quantity. Furthermore, our data show that the two components of heat dissipation, ie, sensible and evaporative heat, are negatively coupled, indicating that the body can sense and communicate the activity of both effector organs. PMID- 6511486 TI - Within-subjects between-days-and-weeks variation in energy expenditure at rest. AB - Determinations of energy expenditure at rest were performed in 22 apparently healthy male subjects twice with one day's interval, and in 23 apparently healthy male subjects with one week's interval. In both series of experiments, the error of the method was calculated from multiple determinations on the same occasion. The coefficients of variation due to time were calculated and found to be 2.4 and 2.2 per cent, respectively. These numbers are practically identical to that found for the within-subject between-weeks variation in 24-h energy expenditure experiments using whole body calorimeters (Garby, Lammert & Nielsen, 1984). PMID- 6511487 TI - Autometallography. A new technique for light and electron microscopic visualization of metals in biological tissues (gold, silver, metal sulphides and metal selenides). AB - The autometallographic procedure represents a new technique that can substitute for the normal methods of physical development (PD). The physical developer (a solution of reducing substance, silver salt and protection colloid) is replaced by a photographic emulsion and chemical developer. Accumulations of gold, silver, metal sulphides and metal selenides can be amplified by the present technique. Tissue sections placed on glass slides are covered by a silver bromide containing emulsion, dried and exposed to a chemical developer. After development the emulsion is either removed or cleared and the sections are counterstained and embedded. The autometallographic procedure can also be applied to ultrathin sections. PMID- 6511488 TI - Alterations of lectin binding during chondrogenesis of mouse limb buds. AB - The binding of six different FITC-labelled lectins to mesenchyme, blastemal cells and cartilage was investigated in limb buds of mouse embryos during their development from day 10 to day 13. Concanavalin A, wheat germ agglutinin and phaseolus vulgaris agglutinin labelled mesenchymal cells of earlier stages, day 10 or 11, distinctly more than those of later stages. Chondrogenic blastema, basement membrane and muscle were always strongly stained. The galactosamine specific ricinus communis agglutinin (RCA) bound preferentially to the blastema, whereas the mesenchyme was only weakly labelled. The galactose-specific peanut agglutinin (PNA), however, stained solely the blastema. In the mesenchyme, no binding was detectable light microscopically with this lectin. In cartilage, RCA- and PNA-staining was found to a lesser extent. With the fucose-specific lectin Lotus A, no staining was detectable. Due to the apparent differences in the binding of PNA in mesenchyme and blastema, peroxidase-labelled PNA was used to study the binding behaviour electron microscopically. It is shown that peroxidase PNA very strongly labelled the intercellular matrix and the plasma membrane of cells in the late blastemal stages, whereas in young blastema no reaction product was detectable. In contrast to light microscopic findings, some label could be demonstrated also in the mesenchyme. The results show a general reduction of lectin receptors in more developed mesenchyme of later stages and the occurrence of galactose and galactose derivatives during early chondrogenesis in the matrix and at the cell membrane. The significance of these changes for chondrogenesis, however, remains to be elucidated. PMID- 6511489 TI - Ultrastructural localization of motilin in endocrine cells of human and dog intestine by the immunogold technique. AB - Motilin-immunoreactivity has been localized by two electron immunocytochemical techniques, using gold-labelled protein A or IgG as second layer, in a specific type of endocrine cell scattered in the epithelium of human and canine upper small intestine. The motilin (M) cell is characterized by relatively small (180 nm in man; 200 nm in the dog), solid granules with homogeneous core and closely applied membrane, round in man, round to irregularly-shaped in the dog. Perinuclear microfilaments are prominent in human motilin cells. PMID- 6511490 TI - Electron microscopic demonstration of calcitonin in human medullary carcinoma of thyroid by the immuno gold staining method. AB - In a human medullary carcinoma of thyroid gland containing calcitonin in light microscopic demonstration by the avidin biotin complex (ABC) method characteristic secretory granules were found electron microscopically in the cytoplasm of the tumour cells. They consisted in so-called type I granules (270 +/- 25 nm) and type II granules (135 +/- 17 nm). By the immuno gold staining (IGS) method the content of many secretory granules measuring 85-270 nm (152 +/- 18 nm) in diameter could be identified as calcitonin. These granules seemed to be predominantly of type II because of their nearly corresponding size and feature. The type I granules were less frequent in number and they showed no or little immunoreactivity. The results indicate that the IGS-method is practicable to demonstrate the ultrastructural localization of calcitonin and to identify clearly the nature of intracytoplasmic granules in electron microscopy. PMID- 6511491 TI - Characterisation of multiple immunoreactive neurons in the central nervous system of the pond snail Lymnaea stagnalis with different fixatives and antisera adsorbed with the homologous and the heterologous antigens. AB - In the central nervous system of the pond snail Lymnaea stagnalis a large number of elements (cells and fibers) can be identified with antisera (a-FM) to the molluscan cardioactive tetrapeptide FMRFamide (Phe-Met-Arg-Phe-NH2). Of these elements some are also reactive to antivasotocin (a-VT) and/or anti-gastrin (a Gas). These observations suggest that the a-FM positive elements belong to more than one type. Previous results had already indicated that the immunoreactivity of many a-FM positive cells is influenced by the type of fixation. Taking into account the effects of three fixatives on the reactivity of the cells, and their staining characteristics with the two other antisera used, 8 a-FM positive types could be distinguished. Homologous and heterologous adsorptions were carried out to test the specificity of a-FM, a-VT and a-Gas. After homologous adsorptions no staining was obtained. After heterologous adsorptions only part of the multiple staining cells were identified. This indicates that in a-FM, a-VT and a-Gas in addition to (more) selective IgG molecules, less specific IgG molecules occur that can bind to other peptides than those used to raise the antisera (cross reaction). The (more) selective IgG molecules in a-FM bind to 6 of the a-FM positive types, suggesting that in L. stagnalis a family of FMRFamide-like substances occurs. This conclusion is sustained by results obtained with a-FM adsorbed with fragments of FMRFamide.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6511493 TI - [Operative tasks with regard to the cranial base in otorhinolaryngology. III]. AB - The decisive influence of the os sphenoidale in its different parts on the malformations and diseases of the oto- and rhinobasis. Congenital epidermoid (so called cholesteatoma) and entodermal cyst of the os petrosum. Malformations of the middle ear. Hyper- and hypoteleroismus, their surgery. The osteodystrophies. Are slow changes during lifetime of the petrous bone the cause of otospongiosis (A. Sercer, J. Krmpotic)? Surgical prevention of the effect of this tension of the cortex of the petrous pyramid on the capsule of cochlea? Anomalies and aneurysma of the carotid arterie inside of the temporal bone. The diseases of the surface of the temporal and sphenoidal bone in the basicranium and infratemporal. The effect on the Eustachian tube. PMID- 6511492 TI - Comparative enzyme histochemical study on the visceral yolk sac endoderm in the rat in vivo and in vitro. AB - Histochemical study of the visceral yolk-sac endoderm of the rat was performed in vitro (whole-embryo culture for 24, 48 and 72 h explanted at 9.5 days of gestation) and in vivo (10.5, 11.5 and 12.5 days of gestation) in order to compare the distribution and activity of various enzymes involved in the digestion and energy metabolism in both systems. It was shown that, both in vitro and in vivo gamma-glytamyltransferase and dipeptidylpeptidase IV are demonstrable in the apical cell membranes (membrane-bound hydrolases), while acid phosphatase, dipeptidylpeptidases I, II and acid beta-galactosidase are concentrated in the supranuclear vacuoles (lysosomal hydrolases), and cytoplasmic lactate dehydrogenase and mitochondrial enzymes (succinate dehydrogenase, NAD-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase, cytochrom oxidase) are localized in the whole cytoplasm and mainly in the apical cytoplasm, respectively, of the visceral yolk-sac epithelium. In vivo, the activity of all enzymes increased until 12.5 days, but in vitro, this activity increased only until 48 h after the start of culture (corresponding to 11.5 days in vivo). Comparison of the yolk sacs at 10.5 and 11.5 days in vivo with those after 24 and 48 h in vitro showed that the activities of all the investigated enzymes were almost identical. Yolk sacs which were cultured for 72 h showed lower activities of lysosomal and mitochondrial enzymes than those at 12.5 days in vivo. It is concluded that the digestive function and energy metabolism of the visceral yolk-sac epithelium are almost identical in vitro and in vivo at 10.5 and 11.5 days. PMID- 6511494 TI - [Primary carcinoid of the middle ear. A case report with reference to light and electron microscopy findings]. AB - A rare case of carcinoid tumour of the middle ear in a 51-year old woman is presented. The clinical features and the light and electron microscopical appearances are discussed. Carcinoid tumour should be included in the differential diagnosis when tumours of the middle ear present with adenomatous pattern. Electron microscopy will identify characteristic intracellular neurosecretory granules. Formaldehyde-induced fluorescence corresponding to the pattern of distribution of these granules confirms the diagnosis of carcinoid tumour. PMID- 6511495 TI - [Diagnosis of middle ear tuberculosis]. AB - Middle ear tuberculosis is underdiagnosed. Clinical suspicion requires extensive diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. Due to a high degree of error in bacteriological and histological examination they must often be repeated. Indications for tentative diagnosis are given. PMID- 6511497 TI - [Bilateral tympanic membrane perforation caused by a lightning accident]. AB - Electrical damage of the ear can be caused by lightning or by electricity. A 41 year old woman hit by lightning causing burns and rupture of both tympanic membranes is reported and analysed. PMID- 6511496 TI - [Reversible inner ear hearing loss in middle ear tuberculosis]. AB - Middle ear tuberculosis in a female teacher aged 29 is reported. White necrotic areas were found on the skin of the remaining tympanic membrane and the auditory meatus, that stood out clearly against the healthy skin of the auditory meatus. The patient also had inner ear deafness. The function of the inner ear returned to normal after antituberculous therapy: a comparable course of this disease could not be found in the literature. PMID- 6511498 TI - [Malignant external otitis in a young diabetic--successful azlocillin treatment]. AB - The basic considerations for staging of malignant otitis are complimented by a case report. Azlocillin infusion was successful in the treatment of a 15 years old diabetic girl with early osteitis of the mastoid due to a pseudomonas infection of the external ear canal. PMID- 6511499 TI - [Blood coagulation physiologic study in tonsillectomy]. AB - The usual preoperative laboratory analyses of hemostasis are discussed including the medical and legal prerequisites. Most important are the values for thrombocytes, PTT and Quick. History and clinical examination (Rumpel-Leede-Test) are also necessary to exclude haemorrhagic diatheses. Further investigations are only needed in rare haemorrhagic diseases. PMID- 6511500 TI - [Radiotherapy of supraglottic cancers. Report on 84 patients]. AB - Ten of 84 supraglottic carcinomas were treated by primary surgery, 32 by pre or post operative irradiation and 41 by primary irradiation and salvage surgery if recurrence developed. A comparison of the treatment results between these groups is not possible because of the lack of randomization. After follow up of 4.4 years (range 0,1-19, 7 y) 44% of the patients had died of their primary tumour or complications of treatment, 22.5% had died of intercurrent disease and 11% of other malignancies. The actuarial 5-year survival in the pre/postoperatively irradiated group was 75%, 100% and 67% for Stage I-III respectively. None of the 13 patients in Stage IV survived 5 years. The actuarial 5-year survival for the Stage I-IV irradiated patients was 91%. 67%, 82% and 42%. If possible the primary treatment should preserve the larynx, which is of great importance for the patient's quality of life. With proper selection supraglottic laryngectomy is possible for certain tumours of Stage I and II. For more advanced tumours and those not suitable for partial laryngectomy, well planned curative irradiation should be given with "reducing field" technique allow for salvage surgery for radioresistant tumours or recurrences. A total dose of 62-72 Gy 5 x 2 Gy per week for 6-8 weeks is needed depending on the stage of the tumour. Preoperative irradiation in clearly operable tumours can be given with a short course of 5 x 5 Gy over 5 days as the method of choice. In doubtfully operable tumours conventional preoperative irradiation with 30-40 Gy in 3-4 weeks is preferable. PMID- 6511501 TI - [Use of computer tomography in the diagnosis of malignant tumors of the oral cavity]. AB - The site, extent and infiltration of malignant tumours of the face and neck can be evaluated precisely and demonstrated without superimposition by CT. The results of 118 CT-examinations on patients with orofacial malignancies show that in addition to the clinical findings, information of therapeutic relevance can be obtained. The relation of the tumour to surrounding structures, especially the great vessels, airfilled spaces, fat containing spaces and the skull base can be shown reliably. The histological type of the lesion cannot be deduced from CT densitometry. The data of the CT-examination can be used directly for computed radiation treatment planning. PMID- 6511502 TI - [Sweating-related tears--a new syndrome?]. AB - Two years after operative correction of a middle third fracture of the face, a patient suffered unilateral tearing and homolateral rhinorrhea as soon as he started sweating. This is explained by abnormal regeneration of autonomic nerve fibres. The possible anatomic pathways are discussed and compared with similar syndromes in the literature. PMID- 6511503 TI - Percutaneous retrograde catheterization of the left ventricle in patients with aortic stenosis. PMID- 6511504 TI - The incidence of tricuspid valvular regurgitation in patients with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease as determined by two-dimensional echocardiography. PMID- 6511505 TI - Colorectal carcinoma: epidemiology and risk factors. PMID- 6511506 TI - Atypical ventricular tachycardia (torsades de pointes): report of two cases. PMID- 6511508 TI - 1,1,1-Trichloroethane cardiac toxicity: report of a case. PMID- 6511509 TI - Choledochal cyst: report of a case and review of the literature. PMID- 6511507 TI - Acute puerperal uterine inversion: report of a case and review of management. PMID- 6511510 TI - Chronic intestinal obstruction caused by a true enterolith: report of a case. PMID- 6511511 TI - Irreversible neurologic degeneration secondary to vitamin B12 deficiency without anemia: report of a case. PMID- 6511512 TI - Peripartum cardiomyopathy: report of a case. PMID- 6511513 TI - Recurrent adenocarcinoma in an ileal loop: report of a case. PMID- 6511514 TI - Postsurgical toxic shock syndrome: report of a case in which full syndrome manifestations were aborted by early recognition and therapy. PMID- 6511515 TI - Carcinoma in situ of the cervix: prognostic factors regarding residual disease. PMID- 6511516 TI - Effects of oxytocin-induction of labor on neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. PMID- 6511517 TI - Unicameral bone cyst located in metacarpal bone: report of a case. PMID- 6511518 TI - Placenta previa percreta with invasion of the bladder: report of a case. PMID- 6511519 TI - Conservative treatment of breast cancer: a report on 108 patients. AB - Between 1975 and 1980, 108 breast cancers (T1 and small T2) were treated at the Centre Antoine-Lacassagne (Nice, France) by a combination of conservative surgery and irradiation. Ninety-two of these patients underwent axillary node dissection; 17% of them presented with nodal involvement. All irradiation was given by telecobalt: 45 Gy to the entire breast, 60 Gy to the site of the tumor. All cosmetic results were acceptable. Intramammary recurrences were rare (6%) and independent of the tumor site or size or of any nodal involvement. Solitary metastases (not associated with a local recurrence) were extremely rare (4%) and were observed in patients who had had no nodal involvement. The actuarial survival rate at 5 years is 90%. PMID- 6511520 TI - Analysis of prognostic variables in hyperthermia treatment of 161 patients. AB - From 1977-1982, 161 patients were treated using hyperthermia as an adjuvant in Phase I trials. Microwave applicators (MW), capacitively coupled plates (RF plates), interstitial localized current fields (LCF), and magnetic induction heating (MI) techniques were used together with radiation in 135 patients, with chemotherapy in 10 patients, and alone in 16 patients. Tumor volume response categories were no response (NR, less than 50% decrease); partial response (PR, 50% less than or equal to volume decrease less than 100%); and complete response (CR, complete disappearance). The CR rates and total response rates (CR + PR) were 38/160 (24%) and 90/160 (56%), respectively. There were highly significant differences among techniques in CR vs PR + NR (p = .001), and in CR + PR vs NR (p less than .0005). Response did not vary significantly with histologic category. Overall toxicity was 16%, and did not vary significantly with technique (p = .193). In the patient group treated with hyperthermia and radiation, multivariate analysis revealed that a set of three variables had prognostic importance for CR: technique (p = .011), radiation dose (p = .019), and tumor volume (p = .001, negatively correlated). A good correlation also existed between CR and the minimum tumor temperature averaged over all treatments, TMIN (p less than .0005). Temperature variables themselves were correlated with tumor volume. Minimum T correlated negatively with volume (p = .017) and TMAX correlated positively with volume (p = .026). In fewer than 50% of patients could minimum T greater than 40.7 degrees C be achieved. Our conclusions are: TMIN, tumor volume, radiation dose, and heating technique have prognostic value for initial response; variation in CR vs technique reflects variation in tumor volume treated and in minimum temperature achieved with these techniques; and acute toxicity of treatment is infrequent, but serious toxicity is possible with the interstitial technique. PMID- 6511521 TI - Irradiation of nasopharyngeal carcinoma: correlations with treatment factors and stage. AB - Eighty patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma were treated with radiotherapy in the Radiation Center at the University of Louisville from January 1955 to December 1980. Among the patients were 70 whites, nine blacks and one Chinese; their ages ranged from eight to 82 years. There was a 40% recurrence rate within the nasopharynx, and a 29% recurrence rate within neck nodes. The five year survival and relapse-free survival rates of the entire group were 36 and 33%, respectively. Forty-nine patients died of cancer, four patients died of intercurrent disease and eight patients were lost to follow-up. Nineteen patients are alive and free of disease. Factors considered in this study included tumor and nodal status, the presence of cranial neuropathy, the size and area irradiated, and dose delivered. Primary site relapse was not demonstrated to be dependent on T group or nodal status, but was likely to be related to inadequacy of original treatment volume and dose. A higher survival was noted with our lymphoepithelioma category (p = .056). PMID- 6511522 TI - High-dose-rate afterloading brachytherapy in carcinoma of the uterine cervix. AB - The Brachytron has been used in the University of California at San Diego Medical Center since 1970 as one method of treating gynecological malignancies. This machine contains a high intensity cobalt 60 remote afterloading cycling source used for intracavitary brachytherapy. One hundred twenty-seven patients with epithelial carcinoma of the cervix are available for analysis of 5-year survival, and 176 are analyzed for treatment complications two years following therapy. Five year survival figures for FIGO-staged patients treated with external beam pelvic irradiation and intracavitary Brachytron treatments are as follows: Stage I, 89%; Stage II, 58%; Stage III, 33%, and two of five patients Stage IVa. Rectal complications graded moderate or severe (M, S) were dose-related and gradually decreased over the years as techniques improved. Complications from early results in 1970-1972 (24% M, 10% S) were reduced to lower levels in 1976-1979 (14% M, 4% S). The Brachytron offers the advantage of rapid dose delivery. Thus, patients can be treated in an outpatient setting, avoiding the cost of hospitalization and the risks of anesthesia. The Brachytron also offers virtually complete radiation safety to all attending medical personnel. With survival and complication figures similar to those reported for patients treated with conventional low-dose-rate brachytherapy, the Brachytron represents an effective alternate mode of therapy for uterine carcinoma. PMID- 6511524 TI - Multiple primary squamous cell carcinomas in the upper digestive tract. AB - Multiple squamous cell carcinomas are common and patients carry a constant and excessive risk of developing a new cancer at any time (13-21 X the normal). Among 6,203 cases of primary squamous carcinoma of the upper digestive tract, 648 patients (10.4%) developed two or more independent tumors. Altogether, 761 additional malignancies were observed, with up to five cancers being seen in individual patients. There were 279 patients with a prior or synchronous cancer and 409 patients who developed 462 metachronous tumors. There was a substantial risk for developing a second primary cancer in the upper aerodigestive tract. Overall the observed to expected ratio was 2.48, specifically 2.32 for males and 2.89 for females. PMID- 6511523 TI - Cell proliferation in carcinoma in bilharzial bladder: influence of pre-operative irradiation and clinical implications. AB - Cell proliferation in carcinoma in the bilharzial bladder was studied in 92 patients in terms of the in vitro labeling index (LI), cell density (CD) and labeled cell density (LCD) using the in vitro 3H-Tdr technique. Cell proliferation was much greater in high than in low grade tumors and in deep than in superficial parts of the tumor, but was much less dependent on cell type; transitional cell cancer had the highest activity followed by squamous cell and adenocarcinoma. The probability of local recurrence after cystectomy decreased markedly when the LI exceeded 5.0%. The influence of the following three pre operative radiotherapy regimens was studied: split-course (SC): the initial course consisted of 20 Gy in 10 treatments with a similar course was given after one week, hyper-fractionation using 17 treatments 0.6 Gy each on two successive days, this 2-day course of 20 Gy was repeated after one week, and concentrated irradiation consisting of two treatments, 6.0 Gy each with a gap of one week. Cystectomy was performed 14-20 days after treatment in all groups. Preoperative irradiation was generally associated with an increased probability of local control. The unfavorable influence of a high pretreatment LI was not noted after pre-operative irradiation. The CD was also reduced in proportion to the pretreatment LI. It is proposed that the response to irradiation was proportional to the initial proliferation activity and hence the prognostic significance of tumor grade and pretreatment LI was masked. Postirradiation tumor volume reduction was a strong predictor of treatment outcome. Concentrated irradiation was the least efficient pre-operative irradiation regimen and was associated with the least tumor volume reduction. PMID- 6511525 TI - Temperature elevation during brachytherapy for carcinoma of the uterine cervix: adverse effect on survival and enhancement of distant metastasis. AB - Possible effects of fever during intracavitary radiation therapy on patient survival, local-regional control or metastatic spread of disease were analyzed in a group of 398 patients with previously untreated, invasive carcinoma of the uterine cervix, managed with a combination of external beam irradiation and intracavitary radium (ICR) applications at Yale-New Haven Medical Center and affiliated hospitals from January 1953 through December 1977. Cox step-wise proportional hazard models were used to test for the influence of elevated temperatures during ICR placements, controlling for the influence of other pretreatment patient parameters, including FIGO stage, age, blood count, prior supracervical hysterectomy and number of prior pregnancies. Increasing maximum temperatures noted during ICR placements were associated with: decreased patient survival (p = 0.014) and increased frequency with time of distant metastasis as the initial sites of treatment failure (p = 0.038). When patients were dichotomized on the basis of maximum temperature during ICR, distant metastasis as the initial site(s) of treatment failure was noted twice as frequently in patients with maximum temperatures greater than or equal to 101.0 degrees F (12.5%; 10/80 patients) than in those with maximum temperatures less than 101.0 degrees F during ICR placement (6.3%; 20/318 patients). No statistically significant differences were noted between the two groups in their distributions by stage, age, histology, year of diagnosis, or pretreatment hemoglobin, and the sites of distant metastasis and time course for clinical detection were similar in both groups. These results are in agreement with prior clinical studies in cancer of the uterine cervix which noted a poor prognosis in patients with cancer of cervix who developed fever during treatment. In addition, the finding of an association between an increased frequency of distant metastasis and temperature elevation during the ICR provides, for the first time, clinical data supporting the reports of an alteration or enhancement of distant metastasis following the application of whole body hyperthermia in murine, rabbit and canine tumors. PMID- 6511526 TI - Surgery and radiation therapy in the management of craniopharyngiomas. AB - Twenty-nine patients with histologically confirmed craniopharyngioma were treated from 1960 to 1978, inclusive. Twelve patients were below the age of 15 years, the remaining were adults. Seventy-five percent (9/12) of the patients below the age of 15 showed increased intracranial pressure at presentation and 58% (7/12) showed visual disturbances. In the adult group, 47% (8/17) presented with increased intracranial pressure and 88% (15/17) with visual disturbances. Hormonal, mental and behavior changes were almost equally distributed in both age groups. All patients underwent craniotomy, with subtotal resection of the tumor. Three adults died of postoperative complications (10%), of whom two died of pulmonary emboli and one of cerebral hemorrhage. Of the remaining 26 patients, 13 received immediate postoperative radiotherapy to a total dose of 50.0 to 56.0 Gy, in a target volume including the sellar and parasellar region during an overall treatment period of five to six weeks. All patients were evaluable with a minimum follow-up of four years since they finished their treatment or until death. The five-year recurrence-rate in the group that did not receive postoperative radiation therapy was 45% (5/11 patients) and the five-year rate of death of disease in this group was 27% (3/11 patients). For the group that received immediate postoperative radiation therapy the five-year recurrence-rate was 11% (1/9 patients) and no death of disease was observed in this group. This difference between the two groups was not significant. The corresponding 10-year rates were 71% (5/7 patients) for recurrence and 57% (4/7 patients) for death of disease in the group without, and in the group with immediate postoperative radiation therapy the rate was 25% (2/8 patients) for recurrence and 0 for death of disease. This difference turns out to be significant. Critical analysis of the morbidity in patients surviving after treatment showed no adverse effect on the visual or endocrine status of the group that received postoperative irradiation. It is concluded that in the management of patients with craniopharyngiomas, postoperative irradiation after subtotal resection improves the prognosis of the patient and does not add to visual or endocrine morbidity. PMID- 6511527 TI - Temporal response of murine bone marrow to local hyperthermia. AB - Hemopoietic insufficiency resulting from single or multiple agents used in cancer therapy often becomes a dose limiting toxicity. Since hyperthermia is finding increased clinical application with whole body or extended field treatments for a variety of neoplastic diseases, we wished to examine its potential effects on normal bone marrow. One hind leg of anesthetized mice received up to one hour water bath heating to 41-44 degrees C. With temperatures of 42 degrees C or greater, there was a dose and heating time dependent initial depletion of both CFU-S and CFU-GM that was not appreciably affected by migration of stem cells to or from the heated field. CFU-S and CFU-GM returned to normal values by 2 to 3 weeks after 1 hour heating to 42 degrees C. However, at 43 degrees or 44 degrees C for 1 hour, CFU-GM only transiently returned to normal, falling to 55% and 33% of control respectively by 3 months. Total nucleated cell counts reflected a similar dose and time dependent depletion and repopulation. Finally, bone marrow differential counts from heated marrow suggested that equivalent repopulation along each differentiation pathway occurred during recovery after thermal injury. These data indicate that temperatures greater than 42 degrees C for one hour caused a long term delay in hemopoietic repopulation, which may contribute to a significant toxicity when hyperthermia is used in combination with chemotherapeutic drugs or local irradiation incorporating the same treatment field. PMID- 6511528 TI - Quantitation of the response of human tumor spheroids to daily radiation exposures. AB - Two human tumor lines, NB-100 neuroblastoma and C-32 melanoma, were grown as multicellular tumor spheroids (MTS) and exposed to daily doses of gamma rays, 5 days per week. It required daily doses of 200 rad to arrest the growth of the NB 100 MTS, while 350 rad per day was required to arrest the growth of the C-32 MTS. Calculation of the delay in time to grow 200 um beyond the original size yielded similar differences in radiation resistance. When the volume of the treated MTS was expressed as a fraction of their potential volume and plotted as a function of cumulative dose, there appeared to be little fraction size dependence over the range studied. This prediction was tested experimentally and confirmed: daily administration of two 100 rad doses separated by 4 hours to NB-100 MTS was only marginally less effective than a daily single dose of 200 rad. These data suggest that MTS may prove to be valuable tools in studying the response of human tumors to clinical exposure protocols, including hyperfractionation. PMID- 6511529 TI - Polyethylene glycol as a protector against head and neck irradiation. AB - Mice injected i.p. with polyethylene glycols (PEG) 20 min prior to head and neck X irradiation with 1650 rad showed improved survival, increased food and water consumption, and retention of body weight compared with irradiated controls. The LD 50/15 for PEG-treated mice was 1900 +/- 108 rad compared to 1527 +/- 56 for the controls. PEG of molecular weights 200, 400, and 600 afforded significant levels of radioprotection; PEG of molecular weights 1000, 1450, 4000, and 20,000 when given at maximum tolerated doses (approximately 0.5 LD 50) did not. The degree of radioprotection by PEG with molecular 400 given 20 min before irradiation increased with dose up to the maximum tolerated dose of 6.4 g/Kg. Significant, but lower, levels of radioprotection were observed when the PEG was given 5 min after irradiation. Mice injected i.p. with PEG, cystamine, 5 thioglucose, chlorpromazine, polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether or polyvinylpyrrolidone all had comparable survival levels. Polypropylene glycol, polyethylene glycol diacrylate, and polycaprolactonediol were more toxic than PEG and showed no radioprotection. PMID- 6511531 TI - Combined treatment of radiation and local injections of misonidazole. AB - The radiosensitizing effect of misonidazole is dose dependent, so theoretically it would be desirable to use as large a dose as possible. However, clinical studies have indicated a maximum tolerable dose restricting the effects of misonidazole in patients. We injected misonidazole directly into tumor tissues in combination with irradiation in an attempt to obtain a sufficiently high concentration in tumors while maintaining a low level in the blood. Concentration of the drug in tumor tissues was confirmed to be high by examination of the resected low-grade chondrosarcoma into which the drug had been locally injected prior to the operation. Blood levels were confirmed to be significantly low. Seventeen patients were treated with local injections of the drug, each with radiotherapy. All patients either had advanced tumors, or were in the terminal stage after repeated radiotherapy and chemotherapy. A relatively high radiation dose per fraction was used. Complete response was obtained in eight patients (47%) and partial response in four (24%). No change was observed in three patients (18%) while two (12%) exhibited progressive disease. In the seven patients with multiple metastatic lesions, the response of the tumors treated with this method were compared to that of the tumors treated by radiation alone in the same patient. The sensitizing effect of the drug was clearly observed in three out of seven patients. No toxicities in the nervous system or in the gastrointestinal system were observed, and no local skin damage by the injections was seen. Local injections of misonidazole were shown to have a significant radiosensitizing effect without any side effects. The combined treatment of radiation and local injections of misonidazole is considered to be a promising new treatment method. PMID- 6511530 TI - The Patterns of Care Outcome Studies: results of the National practice in carcinoma of the larynx. AB - The Patterns of Care Study conducted a survey of patients with glottic and supraglottic carcinomas treated in 1973 and 1974. Patients for this study were randomly selected from all types of treatment facilities, including those with full and part-time therapists and large and small institutions. Detailed evaluation and treatment parameters were recorded for a total of 707 patients. Overall three-year recurrence free survival for glottic carcinoma was: Stage I, 90%; Stage II, 78%; Stage III, 65%; and Stage IV, 23%. For supraglottic carcinoma the rates are: Stage I 78%, Stage II, 60%, Stage III, 34% and Stage IV, 30%. The use of surgery in this study for advanced lesions varied among different departments. For advanced lesions, those treated with combined radiation and surgery had improved survival; this was also related to completeness of work-up and departmental equipment. PMID- 6511532 TI - A simple system for manual image reconstruction from pairs of X ray films. AB - A simple mechanical back-projection system for X ray films is described which is easy to construct and implement. It enables mechanical simulation of the X ray geometry used when taking pairs of isocentric radiographs for reconstruction purposes. Such pairs may be conventional "AP and Lateral" sets but often it is preferable to take them in oblique directions on the order of 90 degrees apart. The device and the reconstruction method have proved to be very useful in determining target volumes for radiation treatment planning, especially if surgical clips and/or distinct anatomical structures are present. As an instructional tool it has advantages over an also locally developed computer assisted method of reconstruction. The present system has proved to be highly useful especially in delineating the target volume for treatment planning of soft tissue sarcomas of the extremities and peripheral parts of the body, where detailed and accurate tailoring of shielding blocks is often of vital importance. PMID- 6511533 TI - Conservative surgery and radiotherapy for early breast cancer. PMID- 6511534 TI - A proposal for universal introduction of lung corrections. PMID- 6511535 TI - The latent period in clinical radiation myelopathy. PMID- 6511536 TI - Extrinsic versus intrinsic dose dependence of latency in radiation myelopathy. PMID- 6511537 TI - Surrounding structures affect pressure-diameter behavior of excised dog bronchi. AB - The effects of adjacent large blood vessels, fibroelastic membrane, and parenchyma on pressure-diameter (P-D) behavior of intrapulmonary bronchi were studied in five dog lung lobes. Central lobar airways were inflated separately by blocking all branches with beads and inflating the distal lobar air spaces via pleural capsules. After bronchial P-D curves were obtained at fixed pleural pressures (Ppl) of -30, -10, and -5 cmH2O, the P-D properties of the isolated bronchi were measured in each of four stages of dissection: 1) lobar artery and vein were left attached to the bronchus, but parenchyma was removed to within 1-2 mm of the limiting membranes; 2) all remaining parenchyma was carefully removed; 3) the large vessels were removed, leaving the bronchial fibroelastic membrane intact; and 4) the fibroelastic membrane was peeled from the bronchus. From stage 1 it was deduced that in the intact lobes, peak peribronchial parenchymal stress (Px) averaged -29.2 cmH2O at Ppl = -30 cmH2O). In stage 2 bronchial recoil was reduced only approximately 5%. The major decrease (approximately 35%) occurred in stage 3, indicating that interaction between vessels and bronchi contributed significantly to bronchial stiffness. A final decrease of approximately 10% was seen in stage 4. We conclude that Px in the intact state is similar to Ppl at a transpulmonary pressure of 30 cmH2O and that stages 1 or 2 may provide a better basis for estimating Px than the commonly employed bronchus free of vessels and tissue. PMID- 6511538 TI - Effects of pulmonary congestion on airway reactivity to histamine aerosol in dogs. AB - We examined the effect of acute pulmonary vascular congestion on bronchial reactivity in dogs in a standard challenge protocol. Airway responsiveness to histamine whose concentration was varied in a stepwise incremental fashion was assessed from changes in pulmonary resistance (RL) and dynamic compliance (Cdyn) in 10 anesthetized dogs. Brief acute pulmonary congestion was created by inflating a balloon placed in the left atrium to raise left atrial pressure to 20 30 cmH2O for 1 min. Pulmonary congestion did not change RL in the control condition. However, after histamine inhalation, RL was further increased by pulmonary congestion, making the two effects synergistic. This phenomenon could not be observed with vagi cut. Pulmonary congestion decreased Cdyn in all dogs regardless of histamine concentration, with or without vagotomy. We conclude that pulmonary vascular congestion makes the bronchi hyperreactive through vagal reflexes. The reduction in Cdyn caused by pulmonary congestion appears to stem mainly from the narrowing of peripheral airways by adjacent vascular engorgement. PMID- 6511539 TI - Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis in the isolated perfused rat lung. AB - The suitability of an isolated lung, perfused under carefully monitored conditions, for the study of the biosynthesis of glycosaminoglycans was examined for the rat lung using either [35S]-sulfate or [6-3H]glucosamine. Metabolic and electron-microscopic studies after 3 h of perfusion showed that under the conditions of this study the isolated lung showed no anatomical or metabolic derangements. All glycosaminoglycans normally synthesized in the intact lung were identified. The predominant glycosaminoglycan was heparan sulfate (40% of total). Approximately 14% of the glucosamine incorporated into the glycosaminoglycans was found in hyaluronic acid. Less than 5% of either label was in heparin. The remainder of the synthesized glycosaminoglycans, with the exception of 10% which could not be identified, consisted of the chondroitin sulfates and dermatan sulfate. The relative proportions of the newly synthesized glycosaminoglycans, including the low amounts of heparin, are similar to those found in isolation of endogenous lung glycosaminoglycans. The isolated perfused rat lung appears to be a useful model for the study of glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis by the intact lung. PMID- 6511540 TI - Effect of central hypervolemia on cardiac performance during exercise. AB - To investigate the effect of different levels of central blood volume on cardiac performance during exercise, M-mode echocardiography was utilized to determine left ventricular size and performance during cycling exercise in the upright posture (UP), supine posture (SP), and head-out water immersion (WI). At submaximal work loads requiring a mean O2 consumption (Vo2) of 1.2 1/min and 1.5 1/min, mean left ventricular end-diastolic and end-systolic dimensions were significantly greater (P less than 0.05) with WI than UP. In the SP during exercise, left ventricular dimensions were intermediate between UP and WI. Heart rate did not differ significantly among the three conditions at rest and at submaximal exercise up to a mean Vo2 of 1.8 1/min. However, at a mean Vo2 of 2.4 1/min, heart rate in the UP was significantly greater than WI (P less than 0.01) and the SP (P less than 0.05). Maximal Vo2 did not differ statistically in the three conditions. These data indicate that a change in central blood volume results in alterations in left ventricular end-diastolic and end-systolic dimensions during moderate levels of exercise and a change in heart rate at heavy levels of exercise. PMID- 6511541 TI - Effect of a 42.2-km footrace and subsequent rest or exercise on muscular strength and work capacity. AB - This study 1) quantitates the effect of a 42.2-km footrace (marathon) on leg extensor strength (maximal peak torque, MPT) and work capacity (WC, measured during a leg extensor fatigue test), and 2) describes the effect of either a rest or exercise regimen for 1 wk after the marathon on the recovery of MPT and WC. Ten trained male runners performed personal records in a marathon and were then randomly assigned to either a rest or exercise-recovery group. The rest group did not train, whereas the exercise group ran 20-45 min/day at their selected intensity of exercise [50-60% maximal O2 consumption (Vo2max)] during the recovery week. MPT was measured at 1.1, 3.2, and 5.3 rad X s-1. The total work generated during a 50-contraction active extension-passive flexion fatigue test conducted at 3.2 rad X s-1 was defined as WC. Reports of perceived soreness of the quadriceps were obtained before each strength-testing session. These measurements were obtained before the marathon and 15-20 min and 1, 3, 5, and 7 days postmarathon. A significant reduction in MPT and WC resulted and continued 1 day postmarathon. MPT of both groups improved through day 5 postmarathon at 1.1 and 3.2 rad X s-1. MPT of the rest group improved through day 7 postmarathon but remained less than premarathon MPT. Recovery of MPT was impaired in the exercise group through days 5-7 postmarathon after 40-45 min exercise at 60% Vo2max. WC was recovered 3 days postmarathon in the rest group but was still impaired 7 days postmarathon in the exercise group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6511542 TI - Liposome-mediated augmentation of brain SOD and catalase inhibits CNS O2 toxicity. AB - Enzymes specific for O-2 and H2O2 metabolism [superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase] can be delivered to the rat brain following entrapment in liposomes and intravenous injection and will protect against hyperbaric O2-induced convulsions in rats. Liposome-mediated superoxide dismutase and catalase augmentation of brain enzyme activity was 2.7-fold and 1.9-fold, respectively, 15 min after intravenous injection of superoxide dismutase plus catalase-entrapped liposomes. Rats treated with liposomes containing superoxide dismutase plus catalase 2 h before 6 ATA 100% O2 exposure had the time to convulsion extended three times that of controls. This protective effect was dose-dependent and was primarily due to augmentation of catalase activity. These findings show O-2 and H2O2 are important mediators of hyperbaric O2-induced central nervous system toxicity and that liposome-mediated augmentation of brain antioxidant enzymes has a biological effect. PMID- 6511543 TI - Regional differences in abdominal pressure swings in dogs. AB - The pressure swings under the costal (Pcos) and crural diaphragms (Pcru) and between the intestinal loops (Pint) were compared with the swings in gastric pressure (Pga) in 13 supine anesthetized dogs. Pcos, Pcru, and Pint were measured with air-filled latex balloons in eight dogs and saline-filled catheters in five. Pga was measured with an air-filled balloon in all dogs. During quiet breathing differences were often present, the directions of which were variable from animal to animal. During mechanical ventilation, all pressures increased, but both Pcos and Pcru increased more than Pga, whereas only a small change was observed in Pint. During bilateral stimulation of the costal diaphragm, Pcos invariably increased more than Pga and Pint, whereas almost no change was observed in Pcru. During bilateral stimulation of the crural diaphragm, Pcru invariably increased more than Pga, Pint, and Pcos. During abdominal muscle stimulation as during external abdominal compression, Pint always increased more than Pcos and Pcru. During lower rib cage compression, Pga, Pcos, and Pcru increased more than Pint. During sternocleidomastoid stimulation, all pressure swings were negative, but the change in Pint was always smaller than in Pcos, Pcru, or Pga. Inhomogeneities observed with balloons and saline-filled catheters were similar. After the abdomen was filled with 2 liters of saline all pressure swings became much more homogeneous. PMID- 6511544 TI - Effect of hyperosmolality on control of blood flow and sweating. AB - To study the effect of hyperosmolality on thermoregulatory responses, five men [average maximal O2 consumption (VO2 max) = 48 ml X kg-1 X min-1] cycled at 65 75% VO2max for up to 30 min in a 30 degrees C, 40% relative humidity environment under three conditions. First, control tests (C) were performed where preexercise plasma volume (PV) and osmolality (Osm) averaged 3,800 ml and 282 mosmol X kg-1, respectively. Second, exercise tests (D) were performed following dehydration induced by fluid restriction and mild exercise (30% VO2max) in hot (40 degrees C) ambient conditions. Each subject then rested in cool surroundings 1 h before performing the exercise test. Preexercise PV and Osm averaged 3,606 ml and 293 mosmol X kg-1, respectively. Third, exercise tests (I) were performed following dehydration, but during the 1-h rest interval, 3% saline was infused so that PV was restored to 3,826 ml and Osm averaged 294 mosmol X kg-1 prior to exercise. During D, esophageal temperatures (Tes) were significantly higher than C, an avg 0.56 degrees C after 20 min exercise due to a 0.22 degrees C increase in Tes threshold for vasodilation, a 39% reduction in slope of the forearm blood flow (BF)-Tes relationship, a 32% average reduction in maximal exercise BF, and a 0.22 degrees C increase in Tes sweating threshold. During I, responses were similar to D, except the BF-Tes slope and the maximum BF were not significantly different from C. Thus hyperosmolality modifies thermoregulation by elevating thresholds for both vasodilation and sweating even without decreases in PV. PMID- 6511545 TI - Regional differences in expansion in excised dog lung lobes. AB - The position of small metallic markers embedded within the lung parenchyma and glued to the pleural surface of four excised right caudal dog lobes were determined during stepwise deflation from an airway opening pressure of 25 cmH2O in air-filled suspended lobes and 8 cmH2O in saline-filled lobes submerged in saline. Changes in the volumes of tetrahedrons formed by four noncoplanar markers were taken as regional lung volume changes at the centroids of the tetrahedron. In both air- and saline-filled lobes at all volumes below total lobe capacity (TLC) there was considerable variability in regional volume. The variability occurred at the first step below TLC and increased with deflation. Regions behaved consistently; regions that were proportionally larger or smaller than the overall lobe at any step tended to be larger or smaller, respectively, at all steps. There was a significant correlation between the regional behavior of the air- and saline-filled lobes. The variability of regional volume did not follow any clear topographical orientation. These results indicate there is considerable variability of lung compliance within small regions. This heterogeneity of regional parenchymal properties may be the anatomical basis of the nonuniformity of regional ventilation known to occur in intact animals and excised lobes within small regions at the same vertical height. PMID- 6511546 TI - Predictability of skeletal muscle tension from architectural determinations in guinea pig hindlimbs. AB - The maximum tetanic tension (Po) generated by a skeletal muscle is determined by its functional cross-sectional area (CSA) and its specific tension (tension/CSA). Measurements of average fiber length (normalized to a sarcomere length of 2.2 micron), muscle mass, and approximate angle of pinnation of muscle fibers within a muscle were taken from 26 different guinea pig hindlimb muscles and were used to calculate CSA. The specific tension was assumed to be 22.5 N X cm-2 and was used to determine the estimated Po of each muscle studied. In a second group of guinea pigs the in situ Po of 11 selected hindlimb muscles and muscle groups were determined. Estimated and measured Po values were found to have a strong linear relationship (r = 0.99) for muscle and muscle groups tested. The specific tension of the soleus, a homogeneously slow-twitch muscle, was shown to be approximately 15.4 N X cm-2 (P less than 0.01). Therefore, in our hands a specific tension value of 22.5 N X cm-2 appears to be a reasonable value for all mixed muscles studied in the guinea pig hindlimb and can be used to estimate their Po. PMID- 6511547 TI - D- and L-glucose transport across the pulmonary epithelium. AB - Previously we observed what appeared to be augmented D-glucose transport across the pulmonary epithelium. To investigate this phenomenon we placed fluid containing L-[3H]glucose and D-[U-14C]glucose in the alveoli of isolated Ringer perfused lungs from 4-wk-old rabbits. The appearance of radioactivity in recirculating glucose-free perfusate was measured. 3H appearing in the perfusate was associated with L-glucose. 14C, however, was associated with three compounds, with approximate molecular weights of 180 (glucose), 300, and 560. The nonglucose species were not identified. This 14C movement was inhibited by phlorizin, but not phloretin, in the alveolar fluid. A similar pattern of 14C movement occurred when D-[U-14C]glucose was replaced with 2-deoxy-D-[U14C]-glucose, but not with methyl-alpha-D-[U-14C]glucopyranoside. The activation energy of the 14C metabolism-transport process was found to be 34 kcal/mol, and L-glucose transport showed an unusual temperature dependence, with maximum conductance at 15 degrees C. It appears that some D-glucose crosses the pulmonary epithelium as does L glucose. However, most enters epithelial cells and is incorporated into larger molecules which enter the vascular but not the alveolar space. PMID- 6511548 TI - Respiratory responses to noxious and nonnoxious heating of skin in cats. AB - Respiratory responses to increased skin temperatures were recorded in anesthetized cerebrate and in unanesthetized decerebrate cats. All were vagotomized, glomectomized, and paralyzed. Core body temperature and end-tidal Pco2 were kept constant with servoncontrollers. Stimulation of cutaneous nociceptors by heating the skin to 46 degrees C caused respiration to increase in both cerebrate and decerebrate cats. An even larger facilitation of respiration occurred when the skin temperature was elevated to 51 degrees C. However, respiration did not increase in either group of cats when the skin was heated to 41 degrees C to activate cutaneous warm receptors. The phenomenon of sensitization of nociceptors was observed. Spinal transection prevented all the respiratory responses to cutaneous heating. We conclude that noxious, but not nonnoxious, increases in skin temperature cause increases in respiratory output. PMID- 6511549 TI - Near-maximal voluntary hyperpnea and ventilatory muscle function. AB - Because of its potential relevance to heavy exercise we studied the ventilatory muscle function of five normal subjects before, during, and after shortterm near maximal voluntary normocapnic hyperpnea. Measurements of pleural and abdominal pressures and diaphragm electromyogram (EMG) during hyperpnea and of maximum respiratory pressures before and after hyperpnea were made at four levels of ventilation: 76, 79, and 86% maximal voluntary ventilation (MVV) and at MVV. Measurements of pleural and abdominal pressures and diaphragm electromyogram (EMG) during hyperpnea and of maximum respiratory pressures before and after hyperpnea were made. The pressure-stimulation frequency relationship of the diaphragm obtained by unilateral transcutaneous phrenic nerve stimulation was studied in two subjects before and after hyperpnea. Decreases in maximal inspiratory (PImax) and transdiaphragmatic (Pdimax) strength were recorded posthyperpnea at 76 and 79% MVV. Decreases in the pressure-frequency curves of the diaphragm and the ratio of high-to-low frequency power of the diaphragm EMG occurred in association with decreases in Pdimax. Analysis of the pressure-time product (P X dt) for the inspiratory and expiratory muscles individually indicated the increasing contribution of expiratory muscle force to the attainment of higher levels of ventilation. Demonstrable ventilatory muscle fatigue may limit endurance at high levels of ventilation. PMID- 6511550 TI - Reduction of chronic hypoxic pulmonary hypertension in the rat by beta aminopropionitrile. AB - We administered antifibrotic agent beta-aminopropionitrile (BAPN) to rats exposed to 10% O2-90% N2 for 3 wk to prevent excess vascular collagen accumulation. Groups of Sprague-Dawley rats studied were air breathing, hypoxic, and hypoxic treated with BAPN, 150 mg/kg twice daily intraperitoneally. After the 3-wk period, we measured mean right ventricular pressure (RVP), the ratio of weight of right ventricle to left ventricle plus septum (RV/LV + S), and hydroxyproline content of the main pulmonary artery (PA) trunk. Hypoxia increased RVP from 14 to 29 mmHg; RVP was 21 mmHg in hypoxic BAPN-treated animals. Hypoxia increased the RV/LV + S ratio from 0.28 to 0.41; the ratio was 0.32 in hypoxic BAPN-treated animals. Hypoxia increased PA hydroxyproline from 20 to 239 micrograms/artery; hydroxyproline was 179 micrograms/artery in hypoxic BAPN-treated animals. Thus BAPN prevented pulmonary hypertension, right ventricular hypertrophy, and excess vascular collagen produced by hypoxia. We conclude that vascular collagen contributes to the maintenance of chronic hypoxic pulmonary hypertension. PMID- 6511551 TI - Interstitial fluid volumes and albumin spaces in pulmonary oxygen toxicity. AB - In rabbits exposed to 100% O2 at 1 ATA from 48 to 72 h, we measured the accumulation of intravenously injected 125I-bovine albumin, [57Co]cyanocobalamin, and 51Cr-erythrocytes in the intestine, skeletal muscle, heart, and lungs. From these data, we calculated the extravascular albumin and cyanocobalamin spaces (EVAS, EVECS) and the partition of water among vascular, interstitial, and cellular compartments in these organs. All variables remained at their base-line levels at 48 h in O2. At 64-66 h, the lung EVECS remained unchanged, but its EVAS increased by 210%. This change occurred after the previously documented increase of the alveolar epithelial permeability to solute and of the pulmonary conductance to water but before the appearance of pulmonary edema and arterial hypoxemia. The only change in the systemic circulation was a 17% increase of the heart EVAS. The increased heart and lung EVAS values, in the absence of any fluid volume shifts, are consistent with damage to the tissue polysaccharides of these organs by the toxic O2 species. PMID- 6511552 TI - Respiratory mechanics and breathing pattern during and following maximal exercise. AB - We looked for evidence of changes in lung elastic recoil and of inspiratory muscle fatigue at maximal exercise in seven normal subjects. Esophageal pressure, flow, and volume were measured during spontaneous breathing at increasing levels of cycle exercise to maximum. Total lung capacity (TLC) was determined at rest and immediately before exercise termination using a N2-washout technique. Maximal inspiratory pressure and inspiratory capacity were measured at 1-min intervals. The time course of instantaneous dynamic pressure of respiratory muscles (Pmus) was calculated for the spontaneous breaths immediately preceding exercise termination. TLC volume and lung elastic recoil at TLC were the same at the end of exercise as at rest. Maximum static inspiratory pressures at exercise termination were not reduced. However, mean Pmus of spontaneous breaths at end exercise exceeded 15% of maximum inspiratory pressure in five of the subjects. We conclude that lung elastic recoil is unchanged even at maximal exercise and that, while inspiratory muscles operate within a potentially fatiguing range, the high levels of ventilation observed during maximal exercise are not maintained for a sufficient time to result in mechanical fatigue. PMID- 6511553 TI - Pharyngeal airway-stabilizing function of sternohyoid and sternothyroid muscles in the rabbit. AB - The upper airway is vulnerable to collapse from negative intraluminal pressures during inspiration. The tongue muscles, the genioglossi and geniohyoids, by contracting during inspiration, appear to function to resist this collapse. This study supports the hypothesis that two cervical strap muscles, the sternohyoid and sternothyroid, have a similar function. First, phasic inspiratory electromyographic activity was recorded from the sternohyoid and sternothyroid muscles of nine anesthetized rabbits during tidal breathing. Furthermore, each muscle showed a progressive increase in electromyographic activity with airway occlusion. Second, in eight rabbits, by determining the amount of negative pressure required to collapse the upper airway (airway closing pressure determination), it was shown that upper airway stability improved with electrical stimulation of either the paired sternohyoid or sternothyroid muscles. In addition, in 12 freshly killed rabbits, mechanical tension, mimicking the contraction of either the sternohyoid or sternothyroid, improved airway stability. Finally, observations of the pharyngeal lumen utilizing a fiber-optic endoscope, revealed concentric narrowing of the oro- and nasopharynx when airway pressure was lowered and concentric widening when tension was increased in the sternohyoid or sternothyroid muscles. These findings support the hypothesis that phasic inspiratory contraction of the sternohyoid and sternothyroid muscles functions to resist pharyngeal airway collapse due to negative intraluminal pressures. PMID- 6511554 TI - Increased microvascular permeability in dog lungs due to high peak airway pressures. AB - The effect of peak airway pressure (Paw) on vascular permeability and the "safety factor" against edema formation was determined in isolated blood-perfused lower lobes of dog lungs. Microvascular permeability was evaluated using the measured filtration coefficient (Kf,C), isogravimetric capillary pressure (Pc,i), and critical capillary pressure (Pcrit) for exhaustion of tissue safety factors. Airway pressure was maintained constant at -3 cmH2O except for the test period of 20 min when the lungs were ventilated at 6/min with sufficient volume to generate a peak inflation pressure ranging from 5 to 60 cmH2O. Mean Kf,C (in ml X min-1 X cmH2O X 100 g-1) were measured before and immediately after the period of peak airway pressures. Kf,C was significantly increased in all lungs where Paw exceeded 42 cmH2O, but in only two experiments at a lower Paw. Mean Pc,i was significantly reduced from control in the 45-55 and 55-65 cmH2O Paw groups, and both Pc,i and Pcrit were found to be inversely related to Kf,C measured after Paw ventilation. These data indicate that ventilation with Paw above 42 cmH2O (30.9 Torr) and in some cases lower pressures for 20 min significantly increased capillary hydraulic conductivity, reduced the effective osmotic effect of plasma proteins at the capillary wall, and reduced the total tissue safety factor against edema formation. PMID- 6511555 TI - Estimation of isogravimetric capillary pressure by a filtration method in skeletal muscle and lung. AB - Pre- to postcapillary resistance ratios (Ra/Rv) and isogravimetric capillary pressures (Pc,i) were estimated using a modified filtration method and compared with estimates obtained by application of traditional isogravimetric techniques in isolated rat hindquarters and canine lungs. Pc,i's and Ra/Rv's were estimated using both methods in rat hindquarters perfused with whole blood or an artificial plasma and in blood-perfused canine lung. In each of the three experimental conditions studied, the modified filtration method yielded the same Pc,i and Ra/Rv as the isogravimetric technique. Maximal vasodilation of the rat hindquarter with papaverine reduced Ra/Rv approximately fourfold to a level which was not different from that obtained in hindquarters perfused with artificial plasma, although Pc,i was unchanged. These results indicate that the more easily applied modified filtration method provides an excellent measurement of Ra/Rv and Pc,i in whole organ studies. PMID- 6511556 TI - Pulmonary fibrin microembolism with Echis carinatus venom in dogs: effects of a synthetic thrombin inhibitor. AB - We produced pulmonary fibrin microembolism using an infusion of a prothrombin activator (Echis carinatus venom, 30 min, 0.5 NIH thrombin equivalent units/kg) in open-chest mongrel dogs. To determine the nonclotting effects of this venom on edemagenesis we infused an irreversible thrombin inhibitor, D-phenylalanyl-L prolyl-L-arginine chloromethyl ketone (PPACK, 57 nmol X kg-1 X min-1 for 120 min), alone (n = 5) or with venom (Echis + PPACK, n = 5). The control group (n = 5) was given 1 ml of 0.9% NaCl. A decline in left atrial pressure (means +/- SE, 5.3 +/- 0.4 to 4.0 +/- 0.5 mmHg, P less than 0.05) and cardiac index (149 +/- 10 to 82 +/- 13 ml X min-1 X kg-1, P less than 0.01) in association with a marked increase in pulmonary arterial pressure (14.5 +/- 0.6 to 26.6 +/- 2.5 mmHg, P less than 0.001) and pulmonary vascular resistance (64 +/- 5 to 304 +/- 42 mmHg X ml-1 X min-1 X kg-1, P less than 0.001) was observed after 20 min of venom infusion. During this interval, pulmonary artery wedge pressure increased (4 +/- 1 to 12 +/- 4 mmHg, P less than 0.01) in four of eight animals. Fibrinogen declined below measurable levels and fibrin microemboli were seen in many pulmonary arterioles. These changes were not observed in the Echis + PPACK, PPACK, or control groups. Leukopenia and thrombocytopenia were observed in the Echis and Echis + PPACK groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6511557 TI - Reduced training frequency effects on aerobic power and muscle adaptations in rats. AB - Female rats were exercised by swimming up to 4 h/day either 2, 4, or 6 days/wk. After 7 wk they continued to train at these frequencies or had their training reduced from 6 to 4, 2, or 0 days/wk for an additional 9 wk. Ventricular weights and maximum O2 uptake (VO2max) were increased by 5-10% after training 2 days/wk, 15-17% after 4 days/wk, and 25-30% after 6 days/wk. Following reduced training, VO2max was similar when the 4- or 2-day/wk reduced training groups are compared with their 4- or 2-day/wk continued training counterparts. In contrast, VO2max was greater in the 0-day reduced than in the sedentary control group. No differences in mitochondrial markers or myoglobin content in red or mixed skeletal muscles were found between training 2 or 4 days/wk vs. reduced training at comparable frequencies. O2 uptake capacity of plantaris muscles and myoglobin concentration in fast-twitch red vastus lateralis muscles were greater in the 0 day reduced group than in the sedentary controls. These data show that VO2max and certain markers of aerobic metabolism in skeletal muscles of rats are lost at a slower rate than their rate of increase from the untrained state. However, a reduction of swimming frequency from 6 to 4 or 2 days/wk is not a sufficient stimulus to maintain VO2max, cardiac enlargement, or the increased aerobic potential of skeletal muscle at the 6-day/wk levels.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6511558 TI - Total deposition of ultrafine sodium chloride particles in human lungs. AB - The total deposition of monodisperse, 0.026-0.19 micron (dry volume equivalent diameter) sodium chloride particles in the lungs of five healthy subjects, who breathed orally, was measured. For a tidal volume of 1,000 ml and flow rate of 500 ml/s, the percentages deposited were: 37.2 +/- 8.4% (mean +/- SD) for 0.026 micron, 23.8 +/- 3.3% for 0.051 micron, 22.8 +/- 3.1% for 0.096 micron, and 31.8 +/- 6.2% for 0.19 micron particles. The deposition minimum corresponded to a particle size of approximately 0.08 micron. Deposition did not correlate with measures of lung volume or body size but did correlate with forced expired flow rate after 75% of forced vital capacity (FVC) exhaled (FEF 75%/FVC) and with percent-predicted values for FEF 25-75% and FEF 75%. Lengthening the breathing period from 4 to 8 s/breath while maintaining flow rate at 500 ml/s caused an additional 11.3 +/- 3.1% of the inhaled particles to deposit. Sedimentation and diffusion were found to be the principal deposition mechanisms. These hygroscopic particles deposited according to sizes they would attain in air with a relative humidity between 96 and 100%. PMID- 6511559 TI - Time course of loss of adaptations after stopping prolonged intense endurance training. AB - Seven endurance exercise-trained subjects were studied 12, 21, 56, and 84 days after cessation of training. Maximal O2 uptake (VO2 max) declined 7% (P less than 0.05) during the first 21 days of inactivity and stabilized after 56 days at a level 16% (P less than 0.05) below the initial trained value. After 84 days of detraining the experimental subjects still had a higher VO2 max than did eight sedentary control subjects who had never trained (50.8 vs. 43.3 ml X kg-1 X min 1), due primarily to a larger arterial-mixed venous O2 (a-vO2) difference. Stroke volume (SV) during exercise was high initially and declined during the early detraining period to a level not different from control. Skeletal muscle capillarization did not decline with inactivity and remained 50% above (P less than 0.05) sedentary control. Citrate synthase and succinate dehydrogenase activities in muscle declined with a half-time of 12 days and stabilized at levels 50% above sedentary control (P less than 0.05). The initial decline in VO2 max was related to a reduced SV and the later decline to a reduced a-vO2 difference. Muscle capillarization and oxidative enzyme activity remained above sedentary levels and this may help explain why a-vO2 difference and VO2 max after 84 days of detraining were still higher than in untrained subjects. PMID- 6511560 TI - Frequency dependence of plethysmographic measurement of thoracic gas volume. AB - With airways obstruction, panting frequency affects plethysmographically determined thoracic gas volume (Vtg) because the extrathoracic airway acts as a shunt capacitor. Stanescu et al. (19) suggested that in the calculation of Vtg, use of esophageal (delta Pes) rather than mouth pressure (delta Pm) swings might eliminate the problem. We measured total lung capacity (TLC) plethysmographically in 10 subjects with chronic airways obstruction (CAO) and in four normal subjects. TLC (using delta Pm) was derived from Vtg obtained from slow (approximately 1 Hz) and fast- (approximately 4 Hz) panting frequencies. In the normal subjects and four subjects with CAO, TLC was also obtained using delta Pes. In these subjects abdominal gas compression and decompression did not contribute significantly to the frequency dependence of TLC. In CAO, TLC was frequency dependent in direct proportion to the severity of obstruction. Although the frequency dependence was greater using delta Pm to calculate Vtg, it also occurred using delta Pes. Thus it could not be explained entirely by the shunt capacitor effect of the extrathoracic airways. The residual and significant overestimations of TLC (reflected by frequency dependency of TLC derived from Vtg calculated from delta Pes) may be explained by interregional nonhomogeneities during the panting maneuver. PMID- 6511561 TI - Temperature regulation during treadmill exercise in the rat. AB - The response of colonic and tail-skin temperatures to treadmill exercise was assessed in female Sprague-Dawley rats using incremental and single-stage exercise protocols to investigate the relationship between deep body temperature and work rate. O2 uptake (VO2) was measured by flow-through technique to evaluate the exercise intensity. Experiments were performed in ambient temperatures below (22-25 degrees C) and above (33-35 degrees C) the thermoneutral zone of the rat. During graded incremental exercise there was a linear relationship between colonic temperature (Tco) and VO2 in both the cooler and warmer ambient temperatures. However, Tco and tail-skin temperature (Tsk) at comparable work rates in the cooler and warmer environments were 40.22 +/- 0.59, 34.84 +/- 1.10 degrees C and 42.04 +/- 0.57, 38.39 +/- 1.54 degrees C, indicating that the rise in Tco was unrelated to the severity of exercise. During single-stage exercise the rats were able to achieve thermal equilibrium but only at low work rates and in the cool environment (22-25 degrees C). There were no significant differences in Tco at the first three levels of single-stage exercise (stage 1, 39.63 +/- 0.34 degrees C; stage 2, 39.67 +/- 0.49 degrees C; stage 3, 39.75 +/- 0.50 degrees C) despite significant differences in VO2 (stage 1, 4.3 +/- 0.7 ml X min 1 X 100 g-1; stage 2, 5.3 +/- 0.6 ml X min X 100 g-1; stage 3, 7.6 +/- 1.2 ml X min-1 X 100 g-1). This demonstrates that there was no relationship between the level of Tco maintained during exercise and the work intensity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6511562 TI - Modification of the cutaneous vascular response to exercise by local skin temperature. AB - This study examined how local forearm temperature (Tloc) affects the responsiveness of the cutaneous vasculature to a reflex drive for vasoconstriction. We observed responses in forearm blood flow (FBF) and arterial blood pressure to a 5-min bout of supine leg exercise of moderate intensity (125 175 W) after the forearm had been locally warmed to 36, 38, 40, or 42 degrees C for 48 min. With exercise, FBF fell by 1.82 +/- 0.23, 4.06 +/- 0.58, and 3.64 +/- 1.48 ml X 100 ml-1 X min-1 at 36, 38, and 40 degrees C, respectively, and rose by 2.16 +/- 0.57 ml X 100 ml X min-1 at a Tloc of 42 degrees C (mean +/- SE). Forearm vascular conductance (FVC) fell with the onset of exercise by averages of 2.77 +/- 0.57, 7.02 +/- 0.51, 5.36 +/- 0.85, and 4.17 +/- 0.79 ml X 100 ml-1 X min-1 X 100 mmHg-1 at 36, 38, 40, and 42 degrees C, respectively. Second-order polynomial regression analysis indicated that the reductions in FVC were greatest near a Tloc of 39 degrees C and that at a Tloc of 40 or 42 degrees C the cutaneous vasoconstrictor response to the onset of exercise is attenuated. Although elevated Tloc can be used to increase base-line FBF levels to make cutaneous vasoconstrictor responses more obvious, the direct effects of Tloc on this response must also be considered. We conclude that the optimum Tloc for observing reflex cutaneous vasoconstriction is near 39 degrees C. PMID- 6511563 TI - A new method for raising neonatal rabbits in a hypoxic environment. AB - An apparatus and method for rearing neonatal rabbits in hypoxia is described. This technique relies on the use of hypoxia chambers that need to be serviced once a day for approximately 1 h. By use of the apparatus and procedures outlined, rabbits that exhibit standard clinical signs of hypoxemia (cyanosis and elevated hematocrit) can be reliably reared and maintained for long periods of time. PMID- 6511564 TI - Quiet-breathing vs. panting methods for determination of specific airway conductance. AB - Specific airway conductance (sGaw) was measured during quiet breathing and during panting in 21 normal subjects and 10 patients with obstructive lung disease. The direct method used does not require measuring thoracic gas volume (TGV). Coefficients of variation were 5.5% for panting and 5.1% for quiet breathing. Interobserver variability was 4.7% in the quiet-breathing method and 6.3% in the panting method. The two methods gave equivalent results for sGaw. A slightly greater sGaw was found by the panting method in normal subjects with the highest sGaw values, probably due to widening of the oropharynx-glottis during panting. In six normal subjects studied for intrasubject variability over time, no significant diurnal or day-to-day variability was seen by either method. We conclude that the quiet-breathing method is a simple valid means of determining sGaw and utilizes a physiological respiratory maneuver. Obviation of the need to measure TGV is advantageous. Results are equivalent to those of the panting method and variability is similar. PMID- 6511565 TI - AVMA colloquium on recent advances in the therapy of infectious diseases. May 18 20, 1984, Schaumburg, Illinois. PMID- 6511566 TI - Principles of clinical pharmacokinetics of antimicrobial drugs. PMID- 6511567 TI - Hypersensitivity reactions induced by antimicrobial drugs. PMID- 6511568 TI - Therapeutic strategies involving antimicrobial treatment of disseminated infections in food animals. PMID- 6511569 TI - The veterinarian as a bailee. PMID- 6511570 TI - Fluoride toxicosis in wild ungulates. AB - To compare the occurrence of chronic fluoride toxicosis in wild and domestic animals in selected areas of Utah, Idaho, Montana, and Wyoming, deer, elk, and bison bones and teeth were collected for evaluation. Vegetation and drinking water samples also were collected, so that potential sources of fluoride could be evaluated. Deer, elk, and bison were found to be susceptible to the adverse effects of ingestion of excessive amounts of fluoride. Teeth and bones were primarily affected with characteristic lesions. Pathognomonic soft tissue changes were not observed. The animals had been exposed to a variety of sources of excessive fluoride, including water high in fluoride, forages contaminated by industrial effluents that were high in fluoride, vegetation contaminated with high fluoride-content soil by rain splash or wind, or a combination of these sources. Waters high in fluoride, especially from geothermal springs and wells, often contained appreciable amounts of various soluble salts. Evidence accumulated from specimens collected throughout the aforementioned states indicated that there are areas where chronic fluoride toxicosis is a problem for wildlife. These areas were where natural sources of fluorine (especially geothermal waters) provided amounts for ingestion that exceed species tolerance limits or were near certain industrial operations. PMID- 6511571 TI - Effect of yohimbine on xylazine-induced immobilization in white-tailed deer. AB - Two groups of white-tailed deer were given IM injections of xylazine with a projectile syringe. Deer in one of the groups served as controls and did not receive any treatments other than xylazine. Deer in the other group were given yohimbine IV at various times (15 to 171 minutes) to evaluate its effect on xylazine-induced immobilization. In 5 control deer given 3.7 +/- 1.2 mg of xylazine/kg (mean +/- SD), onset of recumbency was 13 +/- 2 minutes and time to standing was 268 +/- 76 minutes. In 20 principal deer given 2.8 +/- 1.0 mg of xylazine/kg, onset of recumbency was 8 +/- 7 minutes, time to sitting after giving yohimbine was 3 +/- 4 minutes in 18 of the deer, and time to standing after giving yohimbine was 4 +/- 5 minutes in 19 of the deer. Most of these deer were still moderately sedated 30 minutes after injection of yohimbine, but none of them became reimmobilized or as deeply sedated as before the injection of yohimbine. Yohimbine also reversed the bradycardia and respiratory depression induced by xylazine. PMID- 6511572 TI - Canine tooth extraction and pulpotomy in the adult male llama. PMID- 6511574 TI - Surgical implantation of radiotelemetry devices in American river otters. AB - The Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation elected to investigate the feasibility of reintroducing American river otters (Lutra canadensis) into Oklahoma waterways. Intra-abdominal radiotelemetry devices were selected to monitor otter movements following release. For implantation of those devices, the anesthetic regimen included a mixture of ketamine HCl, xylazine, and acepromazine maleate given intramuscularly followed by delivery of isoflurane through precision vaporizers. A ventral midline approach and adherent surgical barrier drapes facilitated aseptic placement of the devices, with minimal tissue damage and loss of insulating pelage. Absorbable monofilament suture (polydioxanone) was used in a buried 3-layer closure of surgical incisions. The incisions healed rapidly and without complications. PMID- 6511573 TI - Industrial lead contamination of an Illinois wildlife refuge and indigenous small mammals. AB - Deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus) were trapped from a sand prairie at various distances from an adjacent battery lead reclamation plant. Analysis of liver, kidney, and bone for lead concentrations showed an increase of tissue lead concentrations over controls to a distance of approximately 400 m. Soil and plant lead concentrations roughly correlated with the findings in deer mouse tissues. At higher tissue lead concentrations, acid-fast staining intranuclear inclusions within renal tubular epithelial cells were an occasional finding. PMID- 6511575 TI - Clinical evaluation of American river otters in a reintroduction study. AB - Ten American river otters (Lutra canadensis) were evaluated clinically before release into Oklahoma waterways. Otters were immobilized for physical, radiographic, and electrocardiographic examinations and for collection of blood samples. Hematologic and serum biochemical analyses, urinalyses, parasitologic examinations, surgical omental biopsies, and necropsy findings were included. Respiratory tract disease, bacterial and parasitic infections, and starvation apparently were contributing causes of postrelease mortality in 4 of the otters. PMID- 6511576 TI - Pathologic findings in manatees in Florida. AB - Necropsy and microscopic examinations of 16 West Indian manatees (Trichechus manatus) revealed that the mortality of many of the animals was associated with environmental factors such as human-inflicted trauma and cold winters. Natural disease processes accounted for the death of only 1 manatee. In 3 manatees, the cause of death could not be determined. PMID- 6511577 TI - Diazepam and succinylcholine chloride for restraint of the American alligator. AB - Diazepam followed by succinylcholine chloride was administered intramuscularly to 26 healthy mature female alligators on 2 occasions. The mean diazepam dosage was 0.37 mg/kg (range, 0.22 mg/kg to 0.62 mg/kg) and the mean succinylcholine chloride dosage was 0.24 mg/kg (range, 0.14 mg/kg to 0.37 mg/kg). This drug combination reduced stress and allowed adequate immobilization for restraint and handling. The reduced drug volume, low dosage of succinylcholine chloride required, short induction period, maintenance of respiration, and adequate degree of immobilization make this drug combination a good alternative to the use of muscle relaxants alone in chemical restraint of alligators. PMID- 6511578 TI - Epornitic of papova-like virus-associated disease in a psittacine nursery. AB - Of 45 fledgling psittacine birds being raised in an avian nursery, 14 died over a 6-week period. At necropsy, several birds were found to have a moderate amount of subcutaneous hemorrhage over the crop and across the dorsum. Histologically, all birds had hepatic necrosis. Large pale to lightly basophilic intranuclear inclusions were seen in the spleen of 6 birds and in the liver of 5 birds examined. Ultrastructural evaluation demonstrated intranuclear virus particles resembling the papovavirus incriminated as the agent responsible for budgerigar fledgling disease. PMID- 6511580 TI - Cardiomyopathy associated with vitamin E deficiency in seven gelada baboons. AB - Between November 1979 and July 1982, 7 captive gelada baboons (Theropithecus gelada) died; 5 of them died unexpectedly, 1 died after a 4-month history of heart failure, and 1 was anemic and dyspneic for 2 days before death. Of those that died unexpectedly, 1 was anemic and 4 were clinically normal. At necropsy, all baboons had white or pale patches of myocardium. Histologically, fibrosis and acute myocytolysis were observed in the myocardium. Three affected baboons were tested for plasma alpha-tocopherol content and were found deficient. Four unaffected baboons were given vitamin E for 24 months, and plasma alpha tocopherol content returned to normal. Blood selenium content was determined in 1 affected baboon and was normal. PMID- 6511579 TI - Disseminated visceral coccidiosis in sandhill cranes. AB - Disseminated visceral coccidiosis (DVC) caused by Eimeria spp was first recognized as a disease entity in captive sandhill cranes (Grus canadensis) and whooping cranes (G americana) at the Patuxent Wildlife Research Center. Because cranes produced at the Center are reintroduced to the wild to augment wild populations, studies involving both experimentally induced and natural infections were initiated to determine the potential or actual occurrence of DVC in wild Gruidae. Nine sandhill cranes dosed orally with eimerian oocysts of wild origin developed lesions characteristic of DVC. Extraintestinal granulomas associated with developing schizonts were found in 6 birds. Similar lesions were observed in wild sandhill cranes throughout parts of midwestern United States, Alaska, and Saskatchewan. These studies revealed the wide geographic distribution and the high frequency of occurrence of DVC in wild cranes. PMID- 6511581 TI - Yersinia enterocolitica infection in breeding colonies of ruffed lemurs. AB - Two outbreaks of yersiniosis caused by Yersinia enterocolitica occurred in breeding colonies of red ruffed lemurs (Varecia variegata rubra) and black and white ruffed lemurs (Varecia variegata variegata) housed in outdoor enclosures during the winter breeding season and spring birth season, respectively. Seven of 11 animals at risk in the combined outbreaks became ill, and 3 died of acute to chronic infection. Clinical signs included anorexia, lethargy, diarrhea, abdominal pain, and hyperpyrexia. Necropsy findings included ulcerative enterocolitis and multifocal necrosis and abscess formation in mesenteric lymph nodes, liver, spleen, kidneys, and lungs. Histologically, lesions were characterized by necrotizing inflammation containing masses of basophilic bacteria. Yersinia enterocolitica serotype 0:2 was isolated from lesions. Neomycin sulfate given orally and chloramphenicol given intramuscularly were effective in treatment early in the course of the disease or in mild cases. In severe cases, lemurs did not respond to antibiotic and fluid therapy. Exposure to soil contaminated with infected rodent feces, stress, and behavioral factors in the ruffed lemur species are believed to have precipitated the infection. PMID- 6511582 TI - Pregnancy toxemia (eclampsia) in Syrian golden hamsters. AB - Late-term pregnant Syrian golden hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus) died within 24 hours of arrival in our facility. Disseminated thrombi were found in many organs, particularly in the kidneys, liver, intestines, and placenta. Pathogenic bacteria were not identified in bacterial cultures of the liver. PMID- 6511583 TI - Nephrotic syndrome associated with renal amyloidosis in a colony of Syrian hamsters. AB - A 6% incidence of nephrotic syndrome was noted in a colony of 400 Syrian hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus) over a period of 2 years. Clinical findings consisted of severe ascites and anasarca, anorexia, cachexia, and papular dermatitis. Serum and urine chemical analysis revealed proteinuria and hypoalbuminemia in all animals tested; hypoproteinemia and high concentrations of serum cholesterol, triglycerides, and creatinine were detected in some of the affected hamsters. Demodex aurati was detected in skin scrapings from 4 of 8 hamsters. Necropsy findings included subcutaneous edema, ascites, and hydrothorax, as well as atrophic kidneys and testes. Extensive deposits of type AA amyloid were detected histologically in kidney, liver, spleen, and adrenal gland; smaller deposits were found in thyroid gland and intestine. Other histologic findings included periodontitis and hyalinization of the small arteries of the testes. PMID- 6511585 TI - Idiopathic skeletal muscle necrosis in bluegills. AB - Skeletal muscle degeneration and necrosis in a wild population of bluegills (Lepomis macrochirus) were investigated. Hemorrhage and large areas of muscle necrosis were evident at necropsy. Histologically, muscle fibers were granular, vacuolated, and fragmented. Ultrastructural alterations included mitochondrial swelling, clumping and loss of actin and myosin fibrils, swelling of T tubules, and loss of continuity of the sarcolemma. An etiologic agent was not identified. PMID- 6511584 TI - Listeriosis in seven bushy-tailed jirds. AB - Listeriosis was diagnosed in 7 bushy-tailed jirds (Sekeetamys calurus). Death in all cases was acute, and there were no clinical signs. Necropsy revealed necrotizing lesions in the liver, intestines, spleen, and hepatic and mesenteric lymph nodes. On histologic examination large numbers of gram-positive coccobacilli were seen in the lesions. Pneumonitis was seen in 6 jirds, and small numbers of bacteria were seen in the lungs in all cases except one. Diagnosis was based on bacterial culture of the liver in 2 jirds and on immunofluorescence of bacteria when tissue specimens from 2 other jirds were stained with fluorescein labelled antiglobulins specific for Listeria monocytogenes. PMID- 6511586 TI - Hemoperitoneum associated with endometriosis in a rhesus monkey. PMID- 6511587 TI - Adenocarcinoma of the small intestine in two rhesus monkeys. PMID- 6511588 TI - Spinal coccidioidomycosis in a baboon. PMID- 6511589 TI - Klossiella sp infection in a galago. PMID- 6511590 TI - Suppurative osteomyelitis in the foot of a rabbit. PMID- 6511592 TI - Disseminated leiomyosarcoma in a Bengal tiger. PMID- 6511591 TI - Diabetes mellitus and abdominal adenocarcinoma in a jaguar receiving megestrol acetate. PMID- 6511593 TI - Lymphocytic-plasmacytic colitis in two cheetahs. PMID- 6511594 TI - Struvite uroliths in a cheetah. PMID- 6511595 TI - Renal vascular hamartomas in a captive coyote. PMID- 6511597 TI - Urolithiasis in ranch foxes. PMID- 6511596 TI - Dermatomycosis in ranch foxes. PMID- 6511598 TI - Autoimmune hemolytic anemia in a raccoon. PMID- 6511599 TI - Systemic protozoal disease in zebra finches. PMID- 6511601 TI - Amputation of the wing in a whooping crane. PMID- 6511600 TI - Cryptosporidium sp in the kidneys of a black-throated finch. PMID- 6511602 TI - Lens extraction by phacoemulsification in two raptors. PMID- 6511603 TI - Enterolithiasis in an umbrella cockatoo. PMID- 6511604 TI - Bacterial endocarditis and thromboembolism of a pelvic limb in an emu. PMID- 6511605 TI - Polyradiculoneuritis in a California sea lion. PMID- 6511606 TI - Suspected acquired immunodeficiency in an Atlantic bottlenosed dolphin with chronic-active hepatitis and lobomycosis. PMID- 6511607 TI - Mite (Schizocarpus mingaudi) infestations of ranch-raised beavers. PMID- 6511608 TI - Inanition following implantation of a radiotelemetry device in a river otter. PMID- 6511609 TI - A soft tissue laparotomy technique in turtles. PMID- 6511610 TI - Aspergillosis in two San Esteban chuckwallas. PMID- 6511611 TI - Chromomycosis and fibrosarcoma in a mangrove snake. PMID- 6511612 TI - Successful treatment of audycoptid mange in a black bear. PMID- 6511613 TI - Anemia and renal failure in a giant panda. PMID- 6511614 TI - Acepromazine and etorphine for prolonged anesthesia of a zebra. PMID- 6511615 TI - Dystocia and fatal hyperthermic episode in a giraffe. PMID- 6511616 TI - Leptospirosis and coccidial infection in a guanaco. PMID- 6511617 TI - Artificial insemination of two white-tailed deer. PMID- 6511618 TI - Use of blood and blood components for feline and canine patients. PMID- 6511619 TI - Furosemide and diabetes mellitus. PMID- 6511620 TI - Impact of technology and funding on meat and poultry inspection. PMID- 6511621 TI - Responsibilities of accredited veterinarians. PMID- 6511622 TI - ECG of the month. Persistent atrial standstill. PMID- 6511623 TI - Uterine prolapse and hypocalcemia in dairy cows. AB - Blood samples were collected from 53 dairy cows with uterine prolapse and from 53 cows with normal parturition (no uterine prolapse) matched by dairy as controls for various management programs among dairies. Cows with uterine prolapse had significantly lower total serum calcium content than did controls (P less than 0.01). Mean (+/- SEM) serum calcium content (mg/dl) for affected cows and controls were 6.08 (+/- 0.25) and 6.96 (+/- 0.20), respectively. Severe hypocalcemia (less than 4 mg/dl) was found in 10 (19%) of the affected cows, compared with 1 (1.8%) of the controls. Fifteen (28%) of the affected cows had moderate hypocalcemia (4.1 to 6.0 mg/dl), compared with 14 (26%) of the controls; 19 (36%) of the affected cows were mildly hypocalcemic (6.1 to 7.9 mg/dl), compared with 25 (47%) of the controls. Nine (17%) of the affected cows and 13 (25%) of the controls were within the normal range of calcium content (greater than 8 mg/dl). Nine of the affected cows were first-calf cows. The serum of these animals did not have significantly lower calcium concentrations, compared with controls matched by parity. Serum calcium values (mg/dl) for 9 first-calf cows and the 9 matched controls were 7.24 (+/- 0.42) and 7.00 (+/- 0.39), respectively. It was concluded that hypocalcemia was associated with uterine prolapse in multiparous dairy cows and, along with other factors, is involved as an etiologic factor for this puerperal condition. PMID- 6511624 TI - Abomasal emptying defect in Suffolk sheep. AB - Twelve Suffolk sheep were examined because of an abomasal emptying problem. Anorexia and weight loss were evident in 11 of the sheep. Ventral abdominal distention was observed in 5 sheep. Laboratory analyses failed to show the hypochloremic, hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis commonly found in cattle with a similar problem. Rumen chloride concentrations in 3 sheep indicated reflux of abomasal contents into the rumen. PMID- 6511625 TI - Surgical management of umbilical masses with associated umbilical cord remnant infections in calves. AB - Intra-abdominal umbilical cord remnant infections were diagnosed in 21 calves during a 5-year period. The urachal remnant alone was involved in 15 calves, umbilical artery remnant alone in 1 calf, and the umbilical vein remnant alone in 4 calves. Both urachus and umbilical vein were involved in 1 calf. All cases were managed surgically by ventral celiotomy. Infected urachal remnants not extending to the bladder, infected umbilical artery remnant, and infected umbilical vein remnants not extending to the liver were dissected free of surrounding adhered structures, ligated proximal to the infected segment, transected, and removed. Infected urachal remnants extending to the bladder were similarly isolated and removed after resection of the attached bladder apex. Infected umbilical vein remnants extending to the liver were marsupialized. Of 19 calves available for follow-up from 1 to 32 months after surgery, 15 recovered without any postoperative complications, 3 had short-term complications, and 1 calf developed an incisional hernia. PMID- 6511626 TI - Amyloidosis in six dairy cows. AB - Amyloidosis was diagnosed in 6 Holstein cows that were examined because of chronic intractable diarrhea. Besides diarrhea, the chief finding was a nephrotic like syndrome, in that there was edema, hypoproteinemia, and proteinuria. Other consistent clinicopathologic abnormalities were hyperfibrinogenemia, low-normal serum calcium content or hypocalcemia, hypomagnesemia, prolonged bromosulphalein half time, high serum urea nitrogen concentration, high serum creatinine concentration, and low urine specific gravity. Foci of inflammation including traumatic reticuloperitonitis, traumatic pericarditis, salpingitis, mastitis, and metritis were found. There was histologic evidence of amyloid in the kidneys, liver, adrenal glands, and spleen. The iodine-sulfuric acid test for amyloid was positive in 2 cows. The Congo red dye test for amyloid was positive in 2 other cows. In spite of supportive care, all the cows either died naturally or were euthanatized. Because foci of inflammation were found in each cow, it was concluded that the most likely classification of amyloidosis in these cases would be reactive systemic amyloidosis and that the major amyloid fibril protein would be type AA. PMID- 6511627 TI - Pneumonia and atrophic rhinitis in pigs from a test station--a follow-up study. AB - Pneumonia and atrophic rhinitis were studied for the second consecutive year in pigs at the same test station. Pneumonia was found to reduce mean daily gain by 3.3% for every 10% of the pig's lungs that had lesions. Atrophic rhinitis did not affect mean daily gain. There was no association between the development of atrophic rhinitis and the development of pneumonia. Pigs that were vaccinated with a Bordetella bronchiseptica bacterin did not have turbinate atrophy scores or mean daily gains different from those in pigs that were not vaccinated. Yorkshire and Hampshire pigs had higher prevalences and severity of pneumonia and atrophic rhinitis, compared with pigs of other breeds. PMID- 6511628 TI - Metastatic ocular squamous cell carcinoma in a cat. AB - Bilateral ocular metastatic squamous cell carcinoma was diagnosed in a cat. Ophthalmic signs included bilaterally swollen optic discs, choroidal pallor, and retinal vascular engorgement. A retinal detachment was apparent in the left eye and retinal edema and hemorrhage in the right eye. Systemic signs of progressive visual impairment, ataxia, and weakness were noted. The patient's condition continued to deteriorate despite therapy with systemic antibiotics and corticosteroids, and euthanasia was performed. The diagnosis was made upon histologic examination that revealed metastasis of malignant squamous cells to both globes, the brain, and lungs. PMID- 6511629 TI - Demand for pet health care, by life group. PMID- 6511630 TI - Salicylate-induced seizures in a dog. AB - A 10-year-old, mixed-breed, castrated male dog was examined because of acute onset of vomiting followed by severe generalized seizures. The dog had been on a treatment regimen that included a salicylate-containing drug, and the owners unknowingly supplemented aspirin. Supportive treatment utilizing sodium bicarbonate resulted in return to normal within 24 hours. Blood salicylate concentrations were determined to be in the range toxic to human beings. PMID- 6511632 TI - Postoperative complication of cervical fracture repair in a dog. AB - Fracture and luxation of the second cervical vertebra of a dog were repaired with braided polyester sutures. After 28 months, the dog became ataxic. Compression of the spinal cord at C1-2 was seen on a myelogram. Surgical exploration of the area revealed a granuloma associated with the sutures and compressing the spinal cord. After the granuloma was removed, the dog recovered and has remained neurologically normal for 21 months. The abnormal tissue was determined histologically to be a pyogranuloma. PMID- 6511631 TI - Transitional cell carcinoma of the urethra metastatic to the eyes in a dog. AB - Hyphema and secondary glaucoma were ocular manifestations of disseminated neoplasia in a 4-year-old dog. The dog was euthanatized following enucleation after disseminated intravascular coagulopathy had developed. The histopathologic diagnosis was transitional cell carcinoma of the urethra, with metastasis to the lungs, heart, adrenal gland, and eyes. PMID- 6511633 TI - Septic arthritis of the distal interphalangeal joint after neurectomy in a mare. AB - Fracture of the lateral wing of the third phalanx with secondary infection of the distal interphalangeal joint occurred in a neurectomized mare. Puncture of the sole may have been the inciting cause, emphasizing the need for careful daily foot care in neurectomized horses. PMID- 6511634 TI - Intrathoracic lipoma in a dog. AB - A 0.9 kg lipoma was removed surgically from the cranial mediastinum of an 11-year old dog. Clinical signs related to the mass consisted of coughing and dyspnea. Postoperative recovery was uncomplicated and the clinical signs diminished immediately. The thoracic cavity is an unusual location for the development of a lipoma. PMID- 6511635 TI - Rhinosporidiosis in a dog. AB - Rhinosporidiosis was diagnosed in a black and tan coonhound. Clinical signs were characterized by 6 to 8 months of intermittent sneezing. Numerous polypoid nodules were removed from the nasal cavity. Histologic examination of the nodules revealed chronic pyogranulomatous inflammation caused by infection with Rhinosporidium seeberi. Rhinosporidiosis has been reported in human beings, dogs, and several other domestic species. It is an uncommon disease in the United States. PMID- 6511636 TI - Dimethyl sulfoxide. PMID- 6511637 TI - What is your diagnosis. Pyothorax. PMID- 6511638 TI - Clinical evaluation of sodium sulfanilate clearance for the diagnosis of renal disease in dogs. AB - Sodium sulfanilate (ss) clearance time was measured in 13 clinically normal dogs and in 24 dogs with suspected renal disease. The results were compared with those from more routine tests of renal function to assess whether measurement of ss clearance provided additional information about the degree of renal dysfunction. It was concluded that ss clearance is a more sensitive measure of renal dysfunction than is serum creatinine or blood urea nitrogen. Sodium sulfanilate half-life was increased before the complete loss of ability to concentrate urine; however, urine concentrating ability was impaired in some dogs with normal ss clearance. In dogs with glomerular disease, proteinuria developed before increased ss clearances. However, ss clearance was a more reliable method of monitoring the degree of renal dysfunction than was protein concentration in single urine samples. PMID- 6511639 TI - Thoracic wall and pulmonary trauma in dogs sustaining fractures as a result of motor vehicle accidents. AB - The records of 267 dogs seen at the University of Minnesota Veterinary Teaching Hospital for fractures resulting from motor vehicle accidents were examined to determine the prevalence and types of thoracic wall and pulmonary trauma associated with such cases. Results were analyzed for type and prevalence of thoracic wall and pulmonary injury, and for the prevalence of such injury in dogs with and without extrathoracic injury, in dogs with fractures of single vs multiple bones, in dogs with single fractures of specific bones, in dogs with fractures in the cranial vs the caudal one half of the body, and in dogs with fractures ipsilateral vs contralateral to thoracic injury. The overall prevalence of thoracic wall and pulmonary trauma was 38.9%; pulmonary contusions, pneumothorax, and fractured ribs were the most common injuries. More than 1 type of thoracic wall or pulmonary injury was diagnosed in 57.7% of the cases. Of the dogs with thoracic injury, 24% also had extrathoracic injuries; 16.5% of dogs without thoracic injury had extrathoracic injuries, not including fractures. Of the dogs with fractures of 1 bone, 36.3% had thoracic injuries. Of the dogs with fractures of more than 1 bone, 42.3% had thoracic injuries. The prevalence of thoracic wall and pulmonary trauma was significantly associated with the site of the fracture (cranial vs caudal and ipsilateral vs contralateral); significant association with the specific bone fractured was also seen for some fractures. PMID- 6511640 TI - Malignant hyperthermia in a dog: case report and review of the syndrome. AB - Malignant hyperthermia occurred in an adult Greyhound 24 hours after narcotic anesthesia and surgery. Stress was considered the most likely cause. Treatment with dantrolene, in conjunction with cooling techniques and other symptomatic and supportive therapy, was successful. PMID- 6511641 TI - Qualitative and quantitative analysis of uroliths in dogs: definitive determination of chemical type. AB - Effective treatment and prevention of urolithiasis depends on accurate determination of the chemical nature of the uroliths. A widely used qualitative chemical procedure was compared with quantitative crystallographic analysis of 272 canine uroliths. Agreement between the 2 methods was 78%. Qualitative analysis failed to detect 62% of calcium-containing uroliths and 83% of carbonate apatite uroliths. Qualitative analysis gave false-positive results for urates in 55% of cystine uroliths. Mixed uroliths comprising 6% of the total could not be classified without quantitative analysis. Silicate, cystine, and urate uroliths generally were of pure composition. Crystallographic analysis indicated the following distribution of major types: struvite, 69%; calcium oxalate, 10%; urate, 7%; silicate, 3.5%; cystine, 3.2%; calcium phosphate, 1%; and mixed, 6%. Among dogs with struvite uroliths, 66% had positive results of bacterial culturing from the urinary bladder. Six breeds (Miniature Schnauzer, Welsh Corgi, Lhasa Apso, Yorkshire Terrier, Pekingese, and Pug) had a significantly higher risk for urolithiasis, compared with other breeds. The German Shepherd Dog had a significantly lowered risk, compared with other breeds. Two breeds had significant relationship to a specific type of urolith: Miniature Schnauzer for oxalate, and Dalmatian for urate (P less than 0.001). It was concluded that quantitative analysis, using crystallography, was superior for the detection of calcium oxalate, carbonate apatite, cystine, urate, and mixed uroliths. PMID- 6511642 TI - Idiopathic hemorrhagic pericardial effusion in eight dogs. AB - Idiopathic hemorrhagic pericardial effusion was diagnosed in 8 dogs. The patients were typically males of large or giant breeds and a wide age range was represented. In all dogs clinical features of acute or chronic cardiac tamponade and right-sided heart failure were present. The pericardial effusion in each case was identified by thoracic radiography, electrocardiography, and echocardiography. Cytologic examination of the fluid did not allow differentiation from hemorrhagic effusions caused by neoplasia. Bacterial and fungal cultures were negative in 5 dogs. In 6 cases, a presumptive diagnosis was based on the absence of cardiac masses on 2-dimensional echocardiography, contrast pericardiography, or both. The condition was managed successfully by partial pericardiectomy in 5 cases. The definitive diagnosis in each case was established by gross cardiac examination at surgery or necropsy and by histologic examination of tissues. Blood vessels and lymphatics of the parietal and visceral pericardia appeared to be the primary targets of the disease process. PMID- 6511643 TI - Eosinophilic myeloproliferative disorder in a horse. AB - An eosinophilic myeloproliferative disorder resulted in edema and hemorrhagic diathesis in a 10-month-old Standardbred colt. Laboratory abnormalities included severe thrombocytopenia, anemia, mild hypoproteinemia, and marked eosinophilia. Circulating eosinophils were immature or atypical with variation in granule size, disproportionate nuclear to cytoplasmic maturation, and abnormal nuclear size and shape. Bone marrow aspirate had mainly atypical eosinophil precursors, few erythroid precursors, and no megakaryocytes. A blood transfusion and dexamethasone therapy resulted in some improvement; however, the horse was euthanatized due to poor prognosis. Postmortem examination showed gastrointestinal parasitism; histologically the spleen was infiltrated by atypical eosinophils and there were sites of eosinophilopoiesis. The disease was broadly similar to idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome in people, but typical cardiac and neurologic involvement of hypereosinophilic syndrome were absent. Progressive myelophthesis and marked eosinophil atypia suggested malignancy. PMID- 6511644 TI - Ameloblastic odontoma in a dog. AB - An ameloblastic odontoma in the right maxilla of a 10-week-old, female Springer Spaniel was treated by extensive curettage. Twelve months after surgery there was no recurrence of the neoplasm. PMID- 6511645 TI - Health promotion, disease prevention: an allied health initiative. PMID- 6511646 TI - Steps to professionalization: patient representatives. AB - Patient representation is one of the newest and fastest growing health care occupations. Caplow's model of the process of professionalization is used to examine how this newly formed occupational group has organized itself and has taken initial steps toward professional status. The analysis suggests that Caplow's model does not predict with complete accuracy the path followed by all occupational groups. Much depends on historical, political, economic, and institutional contingencies. In the case of patient representatives, certain events encouraged their rapid growth as a recognized occupation and moved them quickly through the first stages of professionalization. However, the very forces that supported this rapid growth hampered the development of an autonomous professional base, independent of institutional domination, and hindered continued advancement. PMID- 6511647 TI - Determining and maintaining competence: an obligation of allied health education. AB - In a climate of growing concern about the costs and quality of health care, there is increasing evidence that the health care system lacks effective controls to assure the continuing competence of health practitioners. The assumption that educational institutions, and specifically those that prepare allied health professionals, can meet obligations to the clinical community and the public by means of the present haphazard system of voluntary continuing education is questioned. Instead, the author suggests that schools of allied health may have to collaborate with professional organizations in identifying individual deficiencies in clinical practice and in offering remedial, continuing education programs that address these deficiencies. The rationale for the assumption of this unique responsibility for determining and maintaining clinical competence by schools of allied health is explored. PMID- 6511648 TI - A study of the clinical role of the dietitian as viewed by allied health professionals. AB - This study was designed to determine, among a sample of hospital administrators and directors of medicine and nursing, expectations and perceptions of the clinical role of dietitians employed in their hospitals. Data were collected by a mail questionnaire, consisting of an inventory of 40 clinical dietetics activities, developed in previous research on dietitians' role expectations and performance. Results indicated that respondents viewed the majority of inventory items as congruent with their expectations of the dietitians' ideal role. However, dietitians were perceived as not performing a role consistent with respondents' expectations. Activities related to the professional development, education, and research role of dietitians yielded higher disparity than did activities related to the provision of nutritional care. Interpretation of these findings and comparison with results of the dietitians' survey provide a basis for identifying sources of role conflict and ambiguity among the dietitians and allied professionals surveyed. PMID- 6511649 TI - Multicompetent allied health professionals: current approaches and suggestions for baccalaureate level programs. AB - A study of the need for multicompetency was conducted by the University of Florida College of Health Related Professions among the graduates of its baccalaureate programs in dietetics, medical technology, occupational therapy, and physical therapy. Most responding dietitians, physical therapists, and occupational therapists said they had felt a need during their professional practice to be competent in areas outside their profession, while most responding medical technologists did not feel such a need. The respondents listed those areas outside their profession in which they had felt a need for competency. This article also describes current approaches to the education of multicompetent allied health professionals and suggests new strategies for educating these personnel at the baccalaureate level. PMID- 6511650 TI - Foetal psychology and the analytic process. PMID- 6511651 TI - Magic and participating consciousness. PMID- 6511652 TI - The availability of the analyst. PMID- 6511653 TI - Synchronicity in psychotherapy. PMID- 6511654 TI - Culture of principal cells from the ram epididymis. A comparison of the morphology of principal cells in culture and in situ. AB - A procedure was developed to isolate and culture principal cells from the initial segment, central caput, distal caput, and proximal corpus epididymidis. The morphology of cultured cells and of cells in situ was compared. Over four to ten days, principal cells cultured in a floating collagen matrix with serum-free medium formed clusters that developed into either large sheets of columnar cells or tubular structures of cuboidal cells. Structural polarity was evident and junctional complexes reformed. The distribution and relative abundance of organelles in principal cells in situ differed depending on the region examined, and most of these regional characteristics were retained by principal cells in culture. Microvilli and membrane-bound vesicles were less conspicuous in cultured cells. Cultured principal cells were shorter than principal cells in situ, but were of similar volume. The high purity (90%) and viability (70%) of principal cells after seven to ten days in culture, their retention of morphologic characteristics unique to the region of origin, and the formation of function units are evidence that such cultures should be valuable for studying regional differences in the function of principal cells. PMID- 6511655 TI - Recovery of normal testicular ultrastructure and sperm motility after cessation of gossypol treatment in rats. AB - This study evaluates the reversibility of the effects of gossypol on testicular ultrastructure and the motility of epididymal spermatozoa. Adult male rats were treated 6 days weekly with the vehicle alone (Group A), or with 10 (Group B) or 20 (Group C) mg/kg of gossypol for 12 weeks, and then sacrificed six or 12 weeks after cessation of treatment. Although epididymal spermatozoa in Groups B and C were 100% immotile after gossypol treatment, little evidence of abnormality could be detected with the light microscope in the seminiferous tubules or interstitium. By contrast, at the ultrastructural level, there were demonstrable pathognomonic defects in the mitochondrial sheath and axonemes of step 18 and 19 spermatids which were identical to those reported earlier (Hoffer, 1983). In addition, an ultrastructural defect in the flagella of late testicular spermatozoa is described for the first time. This defect consists of an indentation, or constriction, of the mitochondrial sheath at outer dense fibers (ODFs) 1, 2, and 9, resulting in a separation of these 3 ODFs from the other fibers. This defect, though visible in an earlier ultrastructural study (Hoffer, 1983), was not described. In Group B rats allowed to recover from gossypol treatment, ultrastructural defects in step 18 and 19 spermatids could not be detected at six or at 12 weeks after cessation of treatment, and sperm motility also did not differ significantly from controls by the end of either recovery period. In Group C rats, sperm motility returned to the normal range within six weeks after treatment ended, but a few morphological defects in the midpiece and axoneme of late spermatids could still be detected with the electron microscope.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6511656 TI - Specific inhibition of the testicular mitochondrial respiratory chain in vitro by gossypol. AB - Optically inactive gossypol is an effective male antifertility agent in several mammalian species, while optically active (+)-gossypol has no antifertility effect in the rat and hamster. Recently, it was suggested that the mitochondria of spermatogenic cells may be a subcellular target of gossypol. We are reporting the effects of optically inactive gossypol and (+)-gossypol on the respiratory chain of mitochondria isolated from the testes and liver of rats and hamsters. The mitochondria were incubated with the test compounds and difference spectra were recorded. Complete inhibition of the testicular mitochondrial respiratory chain was observed at a concentration of approximately 75 microM. In contrast, no inhibition of the liver mitochondrial respiratory chain was observed with the test compounds at concentrations as high as 300 microM. These results demonstrate selective inhibition of the testicular mitochondrial respiratory chain by gossypol isomers. PMID- 6511657 TI - Effects of electroejaculation and ketamine-HCI on serum cortisol, progesterone, and testosterone in the male cat. AB - The influence of manual restraint, ketamine-hydrochloride anesthesia and electroejaculation under anesthesia on circulating levels of cortisol, progesterone and testosterone was examined in male domestic cats. In the first experiment, cats were anesthetized with ketamine-HCI (17.5 mg/kg of body weight) and serially bled (controls) or serially bled and electroejaculated. These animals showed signs of recovering from anesthesia within 45 to 60 minutes of ketamine-HCI injection. Average serum cortisol concentrations increased (P less than 0.01) over the 84-minute sampling interval in both the electroejaculated and control groups. Cortisol levels reached their maximum concentration in the electrically stimulated males immediately postelectroejaculation (95.1 ng/ml) and were significantly greater (P less than 0.01) than in the controls (36.1 ng/ml) at a comparable time. Maximal mean cortisol concentrations in the control group (62.8 ng/ml) occurred 54 minutes after the first blood sample and occurred together with the onset of anesthesia recovery. Mean testosterone levels did not differ between electroejaculated and control cats, but did decrease (P less than 0.05) between the first and last blood sampling in both groups. In the second experiment, cats were bled on the same time schedule as in Experiment 1, but were bled while awake and manually restrained, or else during a deeper plane of anesthesia induced and maintained with higher doses of ketamine-HCI (initial dose, 23 mg/kg). Mean serum cortisol levels were greater (P less than 0.05) during manual restraint (range, 36.3-41.1 ng/ml) compared to deep anesthesia (range, 16.7-25.8 ng/ml), but did not change over the 84 minute sampling interval in either group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6511658 TI - Thiotropocin, a new sulfur-containing 7-membered-ring antibiotic produced by a Pseudomonas sp. AB - Thiotropocin, a new sulfur-containing 7-membered-ring antibiotic, was isolated from a culture broth of Pseudomonas sp. CB-104. The antibiotic occurs as orange or yellowish orange needles and has the molecular formula C8H4O3S2. It is active against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, some phytopathogens and mycoplasma. PMID- 6511659 TI - Amauromine, a new vasodilator. Taxonomy, isolation and characterization. AB - Amauromine is a new alkaloid with vasodilating activity obtained from the culture broth of Amauroascus sp. No. 6237. Its molecular formula was determined to be C32H36N4O2 on the basis of elementary analysis and high resolution mass spectroscopic measurement. It has low toxicity in mice. PMID- 6511660 TI - Isolation and characterization of concanamycins A, B and C. AB - Concanamycins A, B and C were isolated from the mycelium of Streptomyces diastatochromogenes S-45 as effective inhibitors of the proliferation of mouse splenic lymphocytes stimulated by concanavalin A. They represent a new class of 18-membered macrolide antibiotics, and are biologically active in vitro against several fungi and yeasts, but not against bacteria. Concanamycin A, the main component, has been identified with antifungal antibiotics, folimycin and A-661 I. PMID- 6511661 TI - Structure and properties of major largomycin FII chromophore components. AB - Largomycin FII, a protein antitumor antibiotic of molecular weight 29,300 daltons, contains a chromophore that is separable under mild denaturing conditions. The chromophore complex was found to be considerably less stable than the holoprotein towards light and heat, suggesting a protective effect of the protein on the chromophore. Separation of the chromophore into several components was achieved using high performance liquid chromatography, and the biological activity of the isolated components was determined. Data gathered from UV, IR, proton and carbon NMR, and fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry indicated that all the chromophore components belong to the pluramycin class of antitumor agents. Pluramycin A and deacetylpluramycin A were found to be the two major components. PMID- 6511662 TI - Metabolites of microorganisms. 229. Absolute configuration of naphthomycin A determined by X-ray analysis and chemical degradation. AB - The relative and absolute configurations of naphthomycin A were elucidated by an X-ray structural analysis of a methylation product, 25-O-methylnaphthomycin A iminomethyl ether. The absolute configuration was confirmed by degradation (O3, NaBH4) to (S)-butane-1,2,4-triol. PMID- 6511663 TI - Ammonium ions suppress the amino acid metabolism involved in the biosynthesis of protylonolide in a mutant of Streptomyces fradiae. AB - Protylonolide is a lactonic precursor of tylosin aglycone, produced by a mutant of Streptomyces fradiae. It originates from n-butyrate, propionate and acetate units. Studies were carried out using a protylonolide-producing mutant on the correlation between protylonolide biosynthesis, regulation by NH4+ and amino acid metabolism. Protylonolide production decreased in a defined medium containing high levels of NH4+, but was restored by adding lower fatty acids expected to serve as precursors of protylonolide biosynthesis. Resting cell studies demonstrated that 14C-labeled valine, threonine, leucine, isoleucine and alanine, but not lysine, were efficiently incorporated into protylonolide, indicating that these amino acids are metabolized to lower fatty acids. The incorporation of amino acids into protylonolide was reduced when the mutant strain was previously grown under high NH4+ conditions. We suggest that NH4+ suppresses the relevant amino acid metabolism, thereby reducing protylonolide formation. PMID- 6511664 TI - Studies on the biosynthesis of terrecyclic acid A, an antitumor antibiotic from Aspergillus terreus. AB - The biosynthesis of terrecyclic acid A was investigated using 13C-labeled acetates and mevalonate. 13C NMR spectral analysis of isolated labeled terrecyclic acid demonstrated that the structure is assembled via an isoprene pathway. PMID- 6511666 TI - Studies on the biosynthesis of carbapenem antibiotics. I. Biosynthetic significance of the OA-6129 group of carbapenem compounds as the direct precursors for PS-5, epithienamycins A and C and MM 17880. AB - Based on the working hypothesis that the OA-6129 group of carbapenem compounds might be the direct precursors for PS-5, epithienamycins A and C and MM 17880, Streptomyces fulvoviridis A933 17M9, a producer of PS-5, PS-6, PS-7, PS-8, epithienamycins A, B, C and D, MM 17880, MM 13902 and MM 4550, was subjected to NTG-mutation to provide a blocked mutant numbered 1501 which was found to produce OA-6129 A, OA-6129B1, OA-6129B2 and OA-6129C instead of PS-5, epithienamycins A and C and MM 17880, respectively. In a cell-free system, the parent strain demonstrated an ability to convert OA-6129A to NS-5, whereas the mutant did not. The L- and D-amino acid acylases were also shown to depantothenylate the OA-6129 group of carbapenems. PMID- 6511665 TI - Biosynthesis of the spermidine and guanidino units in the glycocinnamoylspermidine antibiotic cinodine. AB - The biosynthesis of the spermidine and guanidino groups has been studied with carbon-14 and carbon-13 labeled intermediates. Arginine, citrulline and ornithine are incorporated in good efficiency. The guanidino group of arginine and the ureido group of citrulline both label the guanidino group on the hexose sugar. None of the ureido groups in the antibiotic was enriched. It is likely that citrulline is converted to arginine before use in the biosynthesis. Arginine, citrulline and ornithine are incorporated as the four carbon unit of spermidine. All of the labeled 5 carbon from ornithine or from citrulline appears adjacent to the secondary amine in the four carbon unit of spermidine. This would indicate that unbound putrescine is not an immediate precursor of spermidine. PMID- 6511667 TI - Studies on the biosynthesis of carbapenem antibiotics. II. Isolation and functions of a specific acylase involved in the depantothenylation of the OA-6129 compounds. AB - A specific acylase designated A933 acylase was isolated and purified to 90% protein homogeneity from Streptomyces fulvoviridis A933 17M9 which produces PS-5, epithienamycins A and C and MM 17880 together with minor carbapenem analogs, penicillin N and cephamycin C. This enzyme was found to catalyze the depantothenylation of OA-6129 carbapenems; the acyl exchange of OA-6129 carbapenems with acyl CoA's; the deacetylation of N-acetyl-L-amino acids; and the acylation of NS-5 and 6-aminopenicillanate with acyl CoA's, whereas the deacetylation of PS-5 and N-acetyl-D-amino acids; and the deacylation of benzylpenicillin and cephalosporin C were not observed. Similar enzyme activities were also detected in Streptomyces cattleya, Streptomyces cremeus subsp. auratilis and Streptomyces argenteolus which are all carbapenem producers. PMID- 6511668 TI - Inhibition of fatty acid synthesis by the antibiotic thiolactomycin. AB - The antibiotic thiolactomycin inhibits the growth of Escherichia coli K-12 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa 507 (beta-lactam supersensitive mutant). A micrograph of E. coli cells, which were grown at a sublethal concentration of thiolactomycin (20 micrograms/ml), revealed the morphological change with cell elongation. The effects of the antibiotic on syntheses of cellular constituents were studied by measuring the incorporation of labeled precursors into lipids and macromolecules. This antibiotic preferentially inhibited the incorporation of [14C]acetate into fatty acids and lipids. Addition of both palmitate and oleate, but not of either fatty acid alone, reversed the growth inhibition of P. aeruginosa by thiolactomycin. These findings support the conclusion that the effects of thiolactomycin are due to a specific inhibition of fatty acid synthetase. PMID- 6511669 TI - Microbial conversion of anthracycline antibiotics. IV. Study on the glycosidation of epsilon-pyrromycinone by Streptomyces galilaeus OBB-111-848. PMID- 6511670 TI - Isoelectric focusing and electrophoretic titration of antibiotics using bioautographic detection. PMID- 6511671 TI - Natural abundance two-dimensional double-quantum 13C NMR spectroscopy of maduramicin, a polyether ionophore antibiotic and coccidiostat. PMID- 6511672 TI - Single-neuron labeling and chronic cochlear pathology. II. Stereocilia damage and alterations of spontaneous discharge rates. AB - The spontaneous discharge rates (SRs) sampled from auditory-nerve fibers in cases of chronic cochlear pathology are often abnormally low [17]. The application of intracellular labeling techniques to noise-exposed ears makes it possible to accurately correlate fiber populations showing SR abnormalities with the cochlear locations from which these responses originate. The correlations reveal that a decrease in the mean rates of spontaneous discharge is typically associated with selective loss of the tallest row of stereocilia from the inner hair cells. In cochlear regions where virtually all of the tall stereocilia are missing from the inner hair cells, the maximum rates of spontaneous discharge are less than 1/3 normal values. We suggest that the loss of tall stereocilia causes the decrease in SR because much of the resting current in the inner hair cell normally flows through the stereocilia membrane. Thus, the loss of that membrane leads to a hyperpolarization of the inner hair cell which, in turn, decreases the spontaneous release of vesicles at the synapse. An interpretation is also suggested for the "compression" of the SR distribution commonly seen among high frequency neurons in normal animals [9]. PMID- 6511673 TI - Single-neuron labeling and chronic cochlear pathology. III. Stereocilia damage and alterations of threshold tuning curves. AB - Tuning curves were obtained from 100 to 150 auditory-nerve fibers spanning the range of characteristic frequencies (CFs) in each of eight cases of permanent noise-induced and three cases of permanent kanamycin-induced threshold shift. In each ear, from one to six neurons were intracellularly labeled with horseradish peroxidase. Locating the labeled terminals in plastic-embedded surface preparations of the cochlea enabled us to accurately correlate particular tuning curve abnormalities with the condition of the sensory cells generating them. The correlations between structural and functional changes suggest that a normal tuning-curve tip requires that the stereocilia on both the IHCs and OHCs (especially those from the first row) be normal. Selective damage to the OHCs is associated with elevation of the tips and hypersensitivity of the tuning-curve tails. This tuning-curve pattern also originates from cochlear regions at the basal border of hair cell lesions where the local hair cells (and their stereocilia) appear completely normal at the light-microscopic level. Total destruction of the OHCs in a region in which the IHCs appear normal (as can happen in cases of kanamycin poisoning) is associated with bowl-shaped tuning curves which appear to lack a tip. Combined damage to the IHCs and OHCs (as typically happens in cases of acoustic trauma) is invariably associated with elevation of both tips and tails on the tuning curve. A framework for the interpretation of the results is suggested in which the activity of the OHCs is transmitted via the tectorial membrane to the tall row of stereocilia on the IHCs. PMID- 6511674 TI - Single-neuron labeling and chronic cochlear pathology. IV. Stereocilia damage and alterations in rate- and phase-level functions. AB - The rate and phase of auditory-nerve response to tone bursts were studied as a function of stimulus level in normal and acoustically traumatized animals. The rate- and phase-level functions of normal auditory-nerve fibers are often separable into a low-intensity component (component I) and high-intensity component (component II), as defined by a dip in the rate function and a simultaneous abrupt shift in the phase function at stimulus levels near 90 dB SPL [10,12,9]. Baseline data are established by defining the relation between stimulus frequency and the characteristic frequency and spontaneous discharge rate of a fiber normally required for the appearance of these two components in the response. Abnormalities of the level functions are shown to occur in acoustically traumatized ears. Noise-induced threshold shift is often characterized by selective attenuation of component I. In some instances, it appears that component I has been eliminated, leaving a response which is identical in threshold, phase and maximum discharge rate to a normal component II. Results of single-unit labeling in such a case suggest that the selective attenuation of component I is associated with selective loss of the tallest row of stereocilia on the inner hair cells (IHCs). It is suggested that component I is normally generated through an interaction between the outer hair cells and the tall row of IHC stereocilia, while component II requires only the shorter row of IHC stereocilia. PMID- 6511675 TI - Frequency threshold curves and simultaneous masking functions in high-threshold, broadly-tuned, fibres of the guinea pig auditory nerve. AB - Tuning curves for simultaneous masking were measured electrophysiologically, in single fibres of the auditory nerve. The recordings were made in guinea pigs with cochlear hearing losses. The masking paradigm was an analogy of that used in the determination of psychophysical tuning curves in man. Below the probe frequency, the slope of the masking function was similar to that of the frequency-threshold curve. Here, changes in the slope of the frequency-threshold curve with hearing loss were closely mirrored by changes in the slope of the masking function. Above the probe frequency, however, the masking function for low-threshold fibres had a shallower slope than the frequency-threshold curve. When the high-frequency slope of the frequency-threshold curve became shallower with hearing loss, the changes were not mirrored in the masking function, until the threshold was raised to 70 80 dB SPL. The results are discussed in terms of the influence of cochlear nonlinearity on frequency resolution, and the vulnerability of the nonlinearity. PMID- 6511676 TI - Effect of maternal diet on skeletal muscle composition and metabolism and on bone dimensions and composition of the fetal pig. AB - The purpose of the present study was to determine the effect of addition of fat to sow diets on selected muscle and bone traits of the fetus. Crossbred dams were assigned to receive one of four dietary treatments at 80 d of gestation. Percentage added poultry fat in the diet was 0, 2.3, 12.7 or 29.6%. Isocaloric isonitrogenous diets (7,000 kcal ME) were fed once daily. At 110 d of gestation, sows were anesthetized with fluothane and nitrous oxide. Fetuses were removed by Caesarean section. Fetal body weight, biceps femoris muscles and femur wet weights and blood (concentration of protein, free fatty acids and triacylglycerol), muscle (percentage dry matter, concentration of DNA, RNA, protein and lipid) and bone (percentage dry matter, lipid, ash and length) traits were not influenced by maternal dietary fat content. The rates of oxidation of palmitate and of lipid to CO2 and the rates of incorporation of palmitate into triacylglycerol and into phospholipid by fetal pig muscle also were not influenced by maternal dietary fat content. It was suggested that fetal skeletal muscle can mobilize glycogen and, to a limited extent, lipid stores. PMID- 6511677 TI - Ovarian and uterine morphology and function in Angus and Brahman cows. AB - Ovarian characteristics, daily serum progesterone (P4) and estradiol-17 beta (E2) concentrations (d 7 through 17) and uterine luminal secretory protein components and histological variables were evaluated in parous Bos taurus (Angus, n = 20) and Bos indicus (Brahman, n = 19) cows. Cows were slaughtered on d 17 (estrus = d 0) for measurement of ovarian structures, flushing of uteri and removal of uterine tissue for histological evaluation. Cows were placed into one of three reproductive categories: nonpregnant, remnant (flushings contained remnants of embryonic tissue) or pregnant. For ovarian and uterine variables, there were only a few differences among reproductive categories within breeds. For combined categories, weight of the active ovary (containing the corpus luteum) was similar between breeds, but inactive ovarian (P less than .001) and follicular fluid (P less than .01) weights, stromal weight (P less than .01) and number of follicles less than 5 mm in diameter (P less than .01) for both ovaries combined were greater in Brahman than Angus cows. Corpus luteum weight (P less than .001), luteal P4 content (P less than .08) and number of follicles greater than 5 mm in diameter for both ovaries combined (P less than .05) were greater for Angus than for Brahman cows. Overall, mean serum P4 concentrations were greater in nonpregnant (P less than .05), pregnant (P less than .005) and combined (P less than .025) reproductive categories for Angus than corresponding categories of Brahman cows and mean serum E2 concentrations were greater in remnant (P less than .025) and combined (P less than .05) reproductive categories for Angus than corresponding categories of Brahman cows. Mean total uterine luminal protein was greater (P less than .05) in Angus than in Brahman cows for pregnant (23.4 vs 14.7 mg, respectively) and combined reproductive categories (22.4 vs 16.1 mg, respectively). Using electrophoretic analyses, percentage composition of three uterine specific cathode migrating protein bands and quantitative estimates of proteins with molecular weights (MW, X 10(-3)) of 9, 15.5, 34.2, 41.3, 46.2 and 183.1 were greater (P less than .05 to P less than .001) in uterine flushings from Angus than from Brahman cows. Uterine, myometrial and endometrial thicknesses, number of glands/microscopic field and uterine luminal epithelial cell height variables were generally greater (P less than .05 to P less than .001) in pregnant and combined reproductive categories for Angus than for Brahman cows. PMID- 6511678 TI - Evidence against chronic teat stimulation as an autonomous effector of diminished gonadotropin release in beef cows. AB - The current experiment was performed to examine the acute and cumulative effects of chronic manual teat stimulation on the tonic pattern of luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion in beef cows. Additionally, we characterized the plasma profile of prolactin and cortisol release to evaluate whether changes in the concentrations of these hormones occurred in response to teat stimulation and whether such changes were related to gonadotropin secretion. Six weeks after ovariectomy, nonlactating beef females were paired by age and assigned randomly to a control group (n = 3) or a stimulation group (n = 3). Stimulated cows were subjected to 20 min of continuous manual teat stripping every 4 h for 24 h. Blood samples were collected from all cows at 10-min intervals beginning 1 h before and continuing for 2 h after the onset of each stimulation period in treated animals. Numerous episodes of prolactin and cortisol release were observed in control and treated animals throughout the 24-h experiment. The percentage of stimulations accompanied by prolactin and cortisol releases for each of the three treated animals was 100 and 100, 16.7 and 50, and 50 and 100, respectively. The number of prolactin peaks observed the hour after onset of teat stimulation was greater (P less than .06) than the number observed the hour before. However, the number of cortisol peaks was not statistically related to teat stimulation. Overall, mean concentrations of prolactin and cortisol were not increased by teat stimulation. Luteinizing hormone pulse frequency (1.6 +/- .1 pulses/h) and mean LH concentrations (12.1 +/- .6 ng/ml) were not acutely or chronically affected by teat stimulation and were not related to prolactin or cortisol release. We conclude that mechanical stimulation of the teat is not singly effective in altering the pattern or quantity of tonic LH release in ovariectomized cows. PMID- 6511679 TI - Isolation of lactoferrin and its concentration in sows' colostrum and milk during a 21-day lactation. AB - Levels of lactoferrin, an Fe-binding protein with bacteriostatic properties, were determined in the colostrum and milk of Yorkshire sows during a 21-d lactation. Lactoferrin levels averaged 1,100 to 1,300 micrograms/ml near the time of farrowing, then declined sharply during the first week of lactation. Concentration of lactoferrin showed considerable variation among sows, but not among teat positions (anterior to posterior). A method for isolating high purity swine lactoferrin is described. PMID- 6511680 TI - Blood flow, steroid secretion and nutrient uptake of the gravid uterus during the periparturient period in sows. AB - Blood flow to one uterine horn of six Yorkshire sows was measured daily from d-22 to 0 (d of parturition) using an electromagnetic blood flow transducer surgically implanted around the middle uterine artery. Immediately after measurement of uterine arterial blood flow (UABF), samples of femoral arterial (FA) and uterine venous (UV) blood were collected via indwelling catheters and concentrations of progesterone, estrone and estradiol-17 beta, oxygen, glucose, total alpha-amino acid N and urea N were determined. Throughout the experimental period, sows were maintained in farrowing stalls. Surgical procedures used in this study had no effect on length of gestation, litter size, number of live piglets born or average weight of live piglets when compared with noninstrumented littermate controls. The UABF remained constant from d-22 through -1, then declined dramatically on the day of parturition with delivery of the fetuses and placentae. Concentration of progesterone in FA and UV blood of sows remained constant from d-22 to -3, but was higher (P less than .01) in FA (12.68 +/- .48 ng/ml) than in UV (7.56 +/- .20 ng/ml) blood. Progesterone concentrations in FA and UV blood began to decline 2 d before parturition to reach low levels on d 1. Estrone and estradiol-17 beta concentrations were greater (P less than .01) in UV than in FA blood, and increased progressively from d -22 to reach peak levels on d -4 through -1 which averaged 7,245 +/- 655 and 1,001 +/- 88 pg/ml in UV blood and 3,923 +/- 157 and 547 +/- 35 pg/ml in FA blood, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6511681 TI - Efficacy of furazolidone in grower diets on subsequent performance of swine--a cooperative study. AB - Nine experiments were conducted at three stations to evaluate the efficacy of furazolidone as a growth promoter in diets for young swine and to determine if an early growth response is maintained after the additive is withdrawn from the diet. A total of 528 pigs (24 replications, 132 pigs/treatment) initially averaging 12 kg body weight were fed a nonmedicated basal diet or a diet with 110 ppm furazolidone for 5 wk, 165 ppm furazolidone for 3 wk or 220 ppm furazolidone for 2 wk. After withdrawal of furazolidone, the basal diet was fed to the end of the test, at which time the pigs averaged 93 kg. During the initial 2-wk period, pigs fed furazolidone gained 15.4% faster (P less than .001) and required 8% less (P less than .001) feed per unit of gain than control pigs fed the nonmedicated diet. At 5 wk, pigs previously fed furazolidone gained 8.4% faster (P less than .001) and 4.5% more efficiently (P less than .001) than controls. By 10 wk, pigs previously fed furazolidone maintained a slight advantage in growth rate over controls (2.6%, P less than .10), but feed/gain responses were similar for the two groups. By the end of the experiment, the early growth response from furazolidone was completely lost. Although there were differences in growth responses among stations, the treatment response patterns were similar for each station, with no evidence of a treatment X station interaction.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6511682 TI - Efficacy of thiopeptin as a growth promotant for growing barrows and gilts--a cooperative study. AB - A cooperative study involving 280 crossbred pigs was conducted at three experiment stations (Illinois, Indiana and Kentucky) to evaluate the efficacy of the antibiotic, thiopeptin, as a growth promotant for growing pigs. At each station, two replications of barrows and two replications of gilts (four or five/pen), initially averaging 9.3 kg, were fed a fortified corn-soybean meal basal diet with 0, 5.5, 11, 22 or 44 ppm thiopeptin. The pigs averaged 41.4 kg at the end of the 56- to 57-d experimental period. Daily gain increased quandratically (505, 550, 565, 585, 590 g/d; P less than .001) and feed required per unit of gain decreased quadratically (2.32, 2.26, 2.29, 2.22, 2.22; P less than .15) with increasing levels of thiopeptin. Breakpoint analysis indicated that rate and efficiency of growth were maximized at the 14- and 22-ppm levels of thiopeptin, respectively. Averaged across all levels of thiopeptin, gain was increased by 13.4% and feed/gain by 3.2% in pigs fed the antibiotic. Responses to dietary treatment were similar at each station, with no evidence of a treatment X station interaction for gain (P = .35) or feed/gain (P = .80). Barrows and gilts performed similarly (558 vs 560 g/d, 2.26 vs 2.26 feed/gain) and there was no evidence of a sex X treatment interaction. From the results of this experiment, we conclude that thiopeptin is an effective growth promoting agent for growing swine. PMID- 6511683 TI - Reproductive performance for four breeds of swine: crossbred females and purebred and crossbred boars. AB - Matings and litters were studied involving all three-breed crosses (sired by purebred boars) and four-breed crosses (sired by cross-bred boars) from the Duroc, Yorkshire, Landrace and Spotted breeds. There were 764 female mating records and 161 boars used over five sequential breeding seasons. A sample of pregnant gilts was slaughtered each season and the remainder were allowed to carry their litters to term so that 493 litters resulted. Crossbred and purebred boars and crossbred females were evaluated for their contributions to conception rate (first service and over an 8-wk breeding season), number of services/conception, litter size and weight at birth, 21 and 42 d and survival rate to 21 and 42 d. Crossbred boars had a 17.9% higher first service conception rate, a 5.3% higher breeding season conception rate and performed .11 fewer services/conception compared with purebred boars. There were no significant differences among the boar breeding groups for litter size, weight or survival rate. The six crossbred female groups (reciprocal crosses were combined) did not differ significantly in conception rate or number of services/conception. There were significant differences in litter weight born and differences that approached significance (P less than .10) for litter size at 42 d and litter weight at 21 d. Yorkshire-Landrace females had the largest litters at birth, 21 and 42 d and the heaviest litters at 21 and 42 d. The smallest litters at 21 and 42 d were from Yorkshire-Spotted females, and they also had the lightest weight litters at all three stages. PMID- 6511684 TI - Growth patterns of Angus, Charolais, Charolais X Angus and Holstein X Angus cows from birth to maturity. AB - Growth patterns of 182 cows [73 Angus (AA), 31 Charolais (CC), 38 Charolais X Angus (CA) and 40 Holstein X Angus (FA)] were studied from birth to maturity. Breed type significantly affected weight and condition at all ages. Crossbred cows were heavier than AA and lighter in weight than CC cows (P less than .01) at all periods. Differences between CA and FA cows were small. The CA cows were somewhat heavier than FA cows, but when weight was adjusted for condition, these two groups reversed rank at 56 and 68 mo. Differences in weight among breed types increased from birth to 44 mo and stabilized thereafter. Weights at early ages were influenced more by environmental effects than were weights at later ages. Adjustment for condition significantly reduced phenotypic variation in weight at all ages. Two growth models (Brody and Richards) were fitted to the weight-age data for each breed type. Differences in growth were expressed in terms of differences in mature weight and maturing rate. The AA cows were smallest at maturity and matured most rapidly; CC cows were largest and matured least rapidly. The FA and CA cows were intermediate and similar in mature size and maturing rate. Crossbreeding may have increased maturing rate somewhat when weights were not adjusted for condition. The four-parameter Richards model did not provide an appreciably better fit to the data than the three-parameter Brody model, and both models described early growth less adequately than later growth. PMID- 6511685 TI - Genetic parameters for testes traits in swine. AB - Data were collected from 1,245 Duroc boars and 527 Yorkshire boars. This represents 128 Duroc and 57 Yorkshire sires. Body weights, testis length and combined testes width at 140 and 168 d were obtained. Of these boars, 432 were castrated at a later age to evaluate relationships between in situ measures and excised testis traits. Heritabilities for testis length, width and volume at 140 d ranged from .16 to .25 in both Duroc and Yorkshire data. Heritabilities for testis measurements at 168 d ranged from .16 to .36 in both data sets. Favorable negative genetic relationships were found between in situ testis measures and age to 104 kg and backfat adjusted to 104 kg. Correlations among in situ measurements were high and positive. All excised testicular traits were highly heritable except for right epididymis weight and excised testis width. Correlation estimates among excised testis traits were generally positive. Phenotypic and genetic correlation estimates between live (in situ testis and growth performance traits) measurements and excised testis traits were generally favorable. This study suggests that in situ testis measurements should be good predictors of sperm production. It also suggests that selection for testis size should not be antagonistic to selection for growth performance traits. PMID- 6511686 TI - Effect of 3-nitro-4-hydroxyphenylarsonic acid on copper utilization by the pig, rat and chick. AB - Experiments were conducted to examine the effect of dietary roxarsone (3-nitro-4 hydroxyphenylarsonic acid) on Cu utilization by the pig, chick and rat. A fortified corn-soybean meal diet was fed in each experiment. Roxarsone dramatically reduced liver Cu concentration at all levels of supplemental Cu fed. The level of roxarsone commonly fed, 50 mg/kg diet, resulted in a two- to fourfold depression in liver Cu concentration in all species studied. The effects of roxarsone on weight gain were more perplexing. In the chick, the diets containing 100 and 250 mg Cu/kg depressed growth in the presence, but not in the absence, of 50 mg/kg dietary roxarsone. In contrast, at toxic levels of Cu, roxarsone had no effect on (500 or 750 mg Cu/kg diet) or slightly alleviated (1,000 mg Cu/kg diet) the growth-depressing effects of Cu. In the rat, a roxarsone level of 50 mg/kg diet exacerbated the growth-depressing effect of 1,000 mg Cu/kg diet. However, Cu had no effect on the growth depression that resulted from feeding a toxic level of roxarsone (250 mg/kg diet). The antagonizing effects of roxarsone and Cu on weight gain were not evident in the pig. Supplemental Cu (250 mg/kg diet) improved weight gain, but not feed efficiency, in starter pigs. Roxarsone (50 mg/kg diet) had no effect on the growth-promoting effects of Cu. PMID- 6511687 TI - Efficacy of nosiheptide as a growth promotant for growing-finishing swine--a cooperative study. AB - A cooperative study involving 296 pigs was conducted at two experiment stations and at a commercial research farm to evaluate the efficacy of nosiheptide as a growth promotant for growing-finishing swine. At each station, five or six replicate pens of four or five pigs/pen were fed a fortified, corn-soybean meal basal diet with 0, 5.5, 11 or 22 ppm nosiheptide. Initial and final weights averaged 11 and 92 kg, respectively. Daily gain increased quadratically (623, 664, 669, 678 g/d; P less than .03) and feed/gain decreased quadratically (3.35, 3.24, 3.24, 3.28; P less than .02) with increasing level of nosiheptide. Breakpoint analysis indicated that gain plateaued at 6.8 ppm and feed/gain at 5.5 ppm of nosiheptide. Averaged across all levels of nosiheptide, gain and feed/gain during the growing phase (11 to 52 kg body weight) were improved by 13.1 and 7.6%, respectively, by feeding the antibiotic. For the entire growing-finishing period, gain was improved by 5.3% and feed/gain by 2.9% in pigs fed nosiheptide. Although there were large differences in gain and feed/gain, the responses to dietary treatments were similar among the three stations. The results indicate that nosiheptide is an effective growth-promoting agent for growing-finishing swine. PMID- 6511688 TI - Fertility of ewe lambs maintained indoors year-round on an accelerated breeding program. AB - Data from records of 330 crossbred ewe lambs mated to 142 rams over 11 breeding periods were analyzed for lambing percentage to one service. These ewe lambs in two separate flocks were reared and maintained indoors year-round and were derived from the three synthetic crossbred strains being developed at the Animal Research Centre in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. At first exposure to rams, the ewes were 6 to 7 mo of age and had no hormonal treatments to induce or synchronize estrus. The two flocks were bred alternately in January, May or September to establish an 8 mo breeding cycle. The rams were at least 10 mo old and were maintained in one of two lighting regimens. Fifteen percent of the ewes lambed and the average prolificacy was 1.6. It appears that ewe lambs mated to rams maintained in a constant day length (10 h light: 14 h dark/24 h) environment had lower fertility than those ewe lambs mated to rams maintained in an environment such that the day length was altered between 4 mo of 10 h light: 14 h dark/24 h and 4 mo of 18 h light: 6 h dark/24 h. Although the fertility level was low, the data suggest that the breeding of ewes 6 to 7 mo of age is feasible. PMID- 6511689 TI - Influence of exposure to bulls on resumption of estrous cycles following parturition in beef cows. AB - The effect of bull exposure on the resumption of estrous activity following parturition was studied in an experiment using mature Hereford and Hereford X Angus beef cows. In the spring of 1981 and 1982, cows were assigned by breed and calving date to one of two treatment groups. Cows were exposed to bulls either from 3 to 85 d postpartum (BE; n = 45, 1981; n = 35, 1982) or from 53 to 85 d postpartum (NE; n = 39, 1981, n = 36, 1982). Blood samples were collected from all cows once weekly from calving until 85 d postpartum to determine progesterone concentrations. The first increase in progesterone, which indicated onset of estrous cycles occurred at 43 +/- 2 vs 63 +/- 2 d (P less than .01) in 1981 and at 39 +/- 2 vs 61 +/- 3 d (P less than .01) postpartum in 1982 in BE cows and NE cows, respectively. Early postpartum exposure of cows to bulls reduced the postpartum anestrous interval. PMID- 6511690 TI - Relationships between traits of cow-calf pairs and a measure of partial efficiency. AB - Angus cow-calf pairs (N = 114) were individually fed grass silage diets under conditions chosen to approximate nutrient intake under a free grazing, noncreep situation. Postfactum comparison with a subsequently conducted study on pasture indicated that the procedures used produced animal responses similar to those provided by a tall fescue pasture averaging 58% dry matter digestibility. Cow calf pair efficiency was expressed as the ratio of estimated total digestible nutrient (ETDN) intake of the pair to calf weight at weaning. Initial cow weight per se was unrelated to pair efficiency. When considered jointly with calf weight at weaning, initial cow weight was unfavorably and calf weight was favorably related to pair efficiency. Calf age at weaning and milk production were favorably related to pair efficiency through their relationship with calf weight at weaning. Initial cow fat thickness, estimated ultrasonically, was not related to this measure of efficiency, indicating compensations between the year just completed and the next year in the relationship between cow fat thickness at weaning and pair efficiency. Mating schemes resulting in selection of relatively smaller females and larger males, within the variation available in a straightbred population, would be expected to alter the cow weight-calf weight ratio in a direction favorable to the component of efficiency defined in this study. PMID- 6511691 TI - Growth patterns of Angus, Hereford and shorthorn cattle. I. Comparison of inbred and noninbred lines, changes in patterns over time and effects of level of inbreeding and reproductive performance. AB - Mature weight (A) and rate of maturing (K) were estimated for 283 Angus, 140 Hereford and 280 Shorthorn cows utilizing the asymptotic regression equation Yt=A(1-Be-Kt). The Yt was weight of the individual at age t; and B was an estimate related to early life weight changes and provided for a Y-intercept (A B). Each breed consisted of four inbred and two noninbred lines. Regression of estimated growth curve parameters on levels of inbreeding of the individuals and of their dams and effects of early reproductive performance (EREPRO) were studied as sources of variation in addition to line differences and trends in line values over years. Considered jointly with inbreeding of the dam and with EREPRO, inbreeding of the individual was negatively related (P less than .01) to estimates of A in the three breeds and unrelated (P greater than .10) to estimates of K. Each 1% increase in inbreeding of the individual was associated with about 2 kg decrease in estimated mature weight. An increase in inbreeding of the dam of an individual was negatively related to estimates of K in Angus (P less than .01) and Shorthorns (P less than .05). Inbreeding of dams was positively related to estimates of A in the three breeds, but only in Shorthorns could the relationship be declared significant. Estimates of A were about 46 kg heavier and estimates of K about .010 less for each year an individual failed to produce a calf during her first three opportunities. In general, A values declined in all three breeds during the study. Significant changes were observed in all Hereford analyses and after inbreeding was included in the Angus analysis, while inclusion of inbreeding in the Shorthorn analysis caused the change to become unimportant. The K values increased in all three breeds during the study; however, the change could be declared significant only in Herefords. PMID- 6511692 TI - Growth patterns of Angus, Hereford and shorthorn cattle. II. Relationship of growth patterns of dams with progeny performance. AB - Relationships between estimated growth curve parameters of dams and performance traits of their progeny were studied in Angus, Hereford and Shorthorn herds, each divided into four inbred and two noninbred lines. Growth curve parameters were calculated from the growth function Yt=A(1-Be-Kt), where Yt was weight at age t, A was estimated mature weight, B was an estimate related to early life weight changes and provided for a Y-intercept term and K was estimated general rate of maturing. Least-squares analyses of progeny variables were calculated separately for each breed and sex. Line differences did not influence any of the progeny variables except weaning type score of Shorthorn males (P less than .01). Birth year exerted a curvilinear effect on birth weights of Angus female progeny (P less than .01), a linear influence on 205-d weights of Shorthorn male progeny (P less than .05) and a curvilinear effect on weaning type scores of Angus and Shorthorn male progeny (P less than .01). Regression coefficients on weaning age indicated that calves born earlier in the calving season had lighter birth weights and that older calves at weaning received higher type scores. Inbreeding of the progeny negatively influenced (P less than .05) birth weights of Angus male and Hereford female progeny. Hereford male and Shorthorn female 205-d weights were negatively affected (P less than .05) by inbreeding, while weaning type scores of Shorthorn female progeny were negatively influenced (P less than .001) by inbreeding. Regression coefficients of all progeny variables on inbreeding in all analyses indicated negative trends.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6511693 TI - Effects of concurrent lactation and postpartum mating on reproductive performance in mice selected for large litter size. AB - Reproductive and maternal performance of a line of mice selected for large first parity litter size (L+) and a control line (K) were compared under two mating systems: (1) postpartum mating (PP), in which females undergo concurrent gestation and lactation, and (2) postweaning mating (PW), in which females wean their litter before being remated. Females were evaluated in their first two parities. Litters in each line were standardized at birth to 4, 8, 12 or 16 pups in parity 1, and to 10 pups in parity 2. Concurrent gestation had no adverse effect on postnatal maternal performance in parity 1 of either line. In parity 2, both L+ and K declined in reproductive and postnatal maternal performance in PP compared with PW. The pattern of delayed implantation as number of pups nursed increased was similar in both lines under the PP regimen. Several interactions indicated that reproductive performance of L+ was more adversely affected than in K under postpartum mating. Pup mortality was greater in L+ than K under PP but not under PW. In the PP regimen, L+ dams nursing 12 and 16 pups had a lower mating success rate and dams nursing 16 pups had a smaller litter size and higher pup mortality than did K dams. Thus, when L+ dams nurse their natural litter, frequently exceeding 16 pups, their reproductive advantage over K dams observed in PW would be eliminated in PP. If the differences in the first two litters reflect subsequent parities, lifetime reproductive performance in the PP environment would be reduced in the high fecundity line. High fecundity appears to depend upon the environment of selection. PMID- 6511694 TI - Growth, N tau-methylhistidine excretion and muscle protein degradation in growing beef steers. AB - The urinary excretion of N tau-methylhistidine (N tau-MH) was studied quantitatively in growing Hereford steers to measure muscle protein degradation (MPD) at different stages of growth. The amount of MPD and the fractional rate of protein breakdown (FBR) on 28, 42, 56 and 63 d of the experiment were calculated from the 24-h urinary N tau-MH excretion. The steers grew rapidly during the initial phase of the study; the growth rate was higher on d 56 (P less than .01) than on d 42 of the study. On d 63, there was a reduction in the growth rate compared with d 56 (P less than .05). Daily urinary N tau-MH excretion increased gradually as the animals gained weight and on an average, it was 1,957 +/- 88 mumol/d during the entire experimental period. Urinary creatinine excretion was not different at different growth stages, but the urinary N tau-MH: creatinine ratio was higher (P less than .05) on d 56 than on the other days. The amount of MPD per day increased gradually as the animals gained weight and was higher on d 56 than on d 42. Mean MPD and FBR values during the entire experimental period were 557 +/- 25 g/d and 2.44 +/- .09%/d, respectively. Half-life of the myofibrillar proteins decreased as the steers gained weight. These results indicate that the rapid growth in steers is accompanied by a high rate of MPD and demonstrate the usefulness of urinary N tau-MH excretion as a rapid, nondestructive method for measuring muscle protein degradation in large animals. PMID- 6511695 TI - Estimating milk yield of sows. AB - Hourly milk yields were obtained for nine consecutive hours at d 14 of lactation from 92 crossbred (four breed) sows during their first and second lactations. Additionally, milk yields were obtained at d 14 and 20 of lactation from 175 mature Yorkshire X Landrace sows for nine consecutive hours. Each measurement (4,806 observations) was obtained by weighing the pigs before and after each hourly nursing. These data were examined with the objective of understanding the consequences of reducing the number of measurements obtained from each sow. Four data sets were formed from the measurements, namely, first parity crossbred sows, second parity crossbred sows, d 14 and d 20 milk yields from the Yorkshire X Landrace sows. Differences (P less than .01) among the hourly milk yield estimates found in all four data sets were largely accounted for by the low yield for h 1 and moderate reduction for h 2 compared with the means of nine measurements. There were no significant differences among the hourly yields for h 3 through 5 compared with h 3 through 9 in three of the four data sets. Mean hourly milk yield for first parity crossbred sows, however, increased as additional hourly measurements were taken. Using the mean hourly milk yield estimate of h 3 through 5 would give an unbiased estimate of h 3 through 9, except for first parity sows, and a standard error only 13% greater than the standard error for nine hourly measurements. The shorter procedure would save considerable time and labor. PMID- 6511696 TI - Cytoplasmic and nuclear estrogen receptors and leucine incorporation in endometrium of cyclic and pregnant pigs to day 19 postestrus. AB - Endometrium was recovered from a total of 37 pigs sacrificed on d 4, 10, 12, 16 and 19 of the estrous cycle and on d 10, 12, 16 and 19 of gestation to determine whether the concentrations of cytoplasmic and nuclear estrogen receptors were altered during pregnancy. In addition, [3H]-leucine incorporation into endometrium was studied in vitro to determine whether any estrogen action mediated through a receptor might involve increased protein synthesis. Cytoplasmic estrogen receptor decreased from d 10 through d 16 in both pregnant and cyclic pigs. The concentration of the cytoplasmic estrogen receptor was less from d 10 through d 16 in pregnant pigs than in cyclic pigs; however, the reduced concentrations did not appear to result from translocation of filled sites to the nucleus, because estrogen and estrogen receptor concentrations in the nucleus were similar in pregnant and cyclic pigs through d 16. The amount of [3H]-leucine incorporated into endometrium did not differ between pregnant and cyclic pigs through d 16 nor did the RNA:DNA ratio. Therefore, no evidence of pregnancy specific increases in total RNA synthesis mediated by estrogen receptors was found in pregnant pigs through d 16. These observations do not preclude actions of steroids through receptors to induce the synthesis of RNA that codes for specific proteins but that constitutes only a small portion of the total RNA. From d 16 to 19, both [3H]-leucine incorporation and RNA:DNA ratio increased in cyclic pigs (both P less than .05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6511697 TI - Role of uteroferrin in placental iron transport: effect of maternal iron treatment on fetal iron and uteroferrin content and neonatal hemoglobin. AB - Uteroferrin, an Fe-containing, progesterone-induced glycoprotein is involved in maternal to fetal Fe transport in swine. These studies examined the effect of im Fe injection of dam on conceptus and piglet Fe stores. In Exp. I, eight gilts were bred and assigned to either treatment I (no Fe injections) or treatment II (total of 22 mg iron-dextran/kg body weight on d 40, 45, 50, 55 and 60 of gestation) and hysterectomized on d 90 to determine whether Fe injections increased Fe stores in the conceptus. Total Fe in allantoic fluid (P less than .10) as well as uteroferrin concentration (P less than .05) and total uteroferrin (P less than .05) in placentae were greater for gilts in treatment II. In Exp. II, 19 cross-bred sows were bred and assigned to treatments I and II (d 40, 50 and 60 of gestation), as in Exp. I, and treatment III (total of 22 mg iron dextran/kg body weight on d 90, 100 and 110 of gestation) to determine effects of treatment on hemoglobin (Hb) values of the piglets at 8 +/- 1 h and d 4 postpartum. Piglets from treatment II had higher (P less than .01) Hb at 8 +/- 1 h, but not on d 4 postpartum. Experiment III was a replication of Exp. II except that Hb values were determined at 8 +/- 1 h, d 4 and d 7 postpartum. On d 7, piglets from treatment II had higher (P less than .05) Hb, but differences at 8 +/- 1 h and d 4 were not significant (P greater than .10).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6511698 TI - Teaching home safety and survival skills to latch-key children: a comparison of two manuals and methods. AB - I evaluated the influence of two training manuals on latch-key children's acquisition of home safety and survival skills. The widely used, discussion oriented "Prepared for Today" manual was compared with a behaviorally oriented "Safe at Home" manual. Data were scored by response criteria developed by experts and by parents' and experts' ratings of children's spontaneous answers. With both methods of scoring, three behaviorally trained children demonstrated clear and abrupt increases in skill following training in each of seven trained modules, and these increases largely persisted in real world generalization probes and at 5-month follow-up. Smaller and less stable increases in skill were found in the three discussion-trained children across the seven modules; lower skill levels were also seen in real world generalization probes and at follow-up. Neither group of children demonstrated skill increases in home safety areas that were not explicitly trained. Both training methods produced small decreases in children's self-report of general anxiety and anxiety concerning home safety. Results are discussed in terms of their implications for cost-effective training of latch-key children. PMID- 6511699 TI - Increasing appointment keeping by reducing the call-appointment interval. AB - We examined the effect of reducing the interval between a patient's call for an appointment and the appointment itself. In Experiment 1, patients calling a family planning unit of a public health department were assigned appointments within either 1 or 3 weeks of their call. Data on patient "shows" and "no-shows" were recorded weekly for 6 weeks. Show rates for those in the 1-week appointment group were significantly higher than those in the 3-week group. In Experiment 2, patients were assigned to appointment dates either the next operating clinic day (next-day group) or 2 weeks from the call date (2-week group). Show rates for those in the next-day group were significantly better than show rates for patients in the 2-week group. Clinic productivity, time spent with patients, and consumer satisfaction were also assessed. Implications for appointment scheduling are discussed. PMID- 6511700 TI - Teaching social/vocational skills to retarded adults with a modified table game: an analysis of generalization. AB - In this study, a social skills training program for institutionalized mildly or moderately retarded adults was extended to include skills relevant to vocational settings. Target behaviors involving a verbal action or reaction within six skill areas were taught using a commercially available board game, Sorry, and a specially designed card deck. The training program featured response specific feedback, self-monitoring, individualized reinforcers, and individualized performance criterion levels. Using a multiple baseline across two groups (n = 3 per group), the game contingencies increased social/vocational skills in all targeted areas. Generalization was assessed in two settings: a simulated workshop in which pre and post measures were taken and in the institutional workshop where the residents worked. The posttraining simulated workshop results revealed that the residents' newly learned skills had generalized. However, repeated generalization measures of the residents' social interactions in the institutional workshop were equivocal as were measures of their productivity. PMID- 6511701 TI - Effects of feedback and self-monitoring on head trauma youths' conversation skills. AB - The effects of feedback and self-recording on the small group conversational behaviors of two head trauma youths were evaluated. Feedback involved providing clients a light signal corresponding to positive or negative social interactions. The self-monitoring procedure required that the clients flip a switch corresponding with their positive or negative interactions. An A1-B1-C1-A2-C2-B2 design in which the feedback phase (B) and self-monitoring phase (C) were alternated to control for order effects demonstrated the efficacy of both interventions. Performance gains were also shown to generalize to less structured situations, bringing the clients' level of positive responses into a range established with a social comparison group. PMID- 6511702 TI - Comments on the applied relevance of the matching law. PMID- 6511703 TI - The effect of informational feedback on food intake of adult burn patients. AB - The effect of informational feedback on the protein and caloric consumption of burn patients was investigated using a multiple-baseline across subjects. The patients were four severely burned adult males who failed to consume sufficient foods to achieve prescribed levels of protein or kilocalories via standard burn unit procedures during recovery. Feedback consisted of informing patients of (a) their prescribed levels of protein and kilocalories, (b) the protein and kilocalorie content of hospital foods and beverages, and (c) their actual intake of protein and kilocalories. Following the provision of feedback, there was an increase in protein and kilocalorie intakes and in the number of days during which prescribed levels for protein and kilocalories were achieved. These results suggest that the informational feedback was effective for improving the oral caloric intake of burn patients. PMID- 6511704 TI - The management of dehydration and incontinence in nonambulatory geriatric patients. AB - We evaluated a health care routine designed to decrease incontinence and improve the hydration level of nonambulatory nursing home patients. To implement this routine, a 3' X 4' cart was equipped with liquids and toileting equipment. A nurse's aid was assigned the task of taking the cart to each nonambulatory resident in a nursing home and offering specified assistance on a regular basis. Data demonstrated a decrease in physical dehydration, as well as in fecal and urinary incontinence. PMID- 6511705 TI - Self-monitoring and work productivity with mentally retarded adults. AB - We examined the use of self-monitoring to increase the productivity of five mentally retarded adults in a sheltered workshop. Data were collected daily during a 30-minute intervention and 30-minute generalization period. Following baseline, verbal praise, prompts, and physical encouragement were administered contingent on productive behavior on a specific task during the intervention period. In the next phase, self-monitoring was trained during the intervention period. During both phases, baseline conditions prevailed in the generalization periods. In the final phase, self-monitoring was extended across the intervention and generalization periods. Results showed that increased productivity levels, evident when praise and prompting were being administered, maintained with self monitoring alone. Minimal generalization across time was observed until self monitoring was begun in the generalization period. PMID- 6511706 TI - The sensitivity of Giardia intestinalis to drugs in vitro. AB - Techniques are described for the isolation, microculture and assessment of viability of Giardia intestinalis. The susceptibility of five recent Brisbane isolates and the Portland 1 stock to metronidazole, tinidazole, furazolidone and quinacrine has been determined. All stocks showed little variation in sensitivity to these drugs. The 3H-thymidine incorporation assay proved to be a much more sensitive method of assessing relative drug activity than either motility or dye exclusion methods. Tinidazole proved to be the most effective drug in vitro followed by furazolidone and metronidazole. Quinacrine was the least effective. The generation time of stocks in vitro varied from 12.5 to 44.2 h and the possible significance of this to failures in treatment is discussed. PMID- 6511707 TI - Comparative in-vitro activity of quinolone carboxylic acids against Proteeae. AB - The in-vitro susceptibilities of 198 isolates of precisely identified Proteeae species to six quinolone antimicrobials were determined. Significant differences in susceptibility patterns among various Proteeae to the quinolones examined were demonstrated. Although Providencia stuartii was found to be the most resistant to quinolones including the very active agent ciprofloxacin, fully speciated Prov. rettgeri were also markedly resistant as well. in contrast Prov. alcalifaciens was extremely sensitive to these agents. Some strains of Proteus penneri were more resistant to the three newer compounds (ciprofloxacin, enoxacin and norfloxacin) than strains of Pr. vulgaris suggesting that recognition of this species may be important in surveys of the in-vitro activity of antibiotics. Pr. mirabilis and Morganella morganii were very sensitive to the newer agents. The patterns of resistance seen in the three newer agents were reflected in the older agents acrosoxacin and cinoxacin. Accurate speciation of Proteeae in surveys of susceptibilities to antimicrobial agents is important if misleading results are not to be reported. PMID- 6511708 TI - Non-linear accumulation of gentamicin in guinea-pig kidney. AB - The dose dependence of gentamicin renal uptake in guinea-pigs was studied. The concentration of gentamicin in the kidneys was determined 2 h post administration. The plot of gentamicin concentration vs. dose over the range 0.3 48 mg/kg iv revealed nonlinearity of the uptake. As the delivery of gentamicin to proximal tubule cells apparently obeys first order kinetics, the nonlinear process should occur at the cellular uptake level. PMID- 6511709 TI - Interaction of clindamycin and cefpimizole (U63196E) in vitro against aerobic gram-negative rods and aerobic gram-positive cocci. AB - The combination of clindamycin plus a new semisynthetic cephalosporin, U63196E for which the United States approved name is cefpimizole, was tested against 47 aerobic Gram-negative rods and 30 aerobic Gram-positive cocci. Synergy was seen with Klebsiella pneumoniae (3 of 19 isolates) and Escherichia coli (2 of 21 isolates). All isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-resistant Staph. aureus, and enterococci demonstrated either indifference or antagonistic reactions to the drug combination. PMID- 6511710 TI - Antibiotic susceptibilities of clinical strains of Streptococcus milleri and related streptococci. PMID- 6511711 TI - Moderating effect of social support on the stress-burnout relationship. PMID- 6511712 TI - A study of close-set text type. PMID- 6511713 TI - The heart of medical photography. PMID- 6511714 TI - A simple method of adding half-stops to a Micro Nikkor lens. PMID- 6511715 TI - Photomacrography and the programmable calculator. PMID- 6511716 TI - Automatic processor problem solving. PMID- 6511717 TI - No biocommunicator is an island. PMID- 6511718 TI - Immunity in leukemias. PMID- 6511719 TI - Longterm treatment of hypertension with penbutolol. PMID- 6511720 TI - Left lobe amoebic abscess of liver--a distinct clinical entity. PMID- 6511721 TI - Aetiopathogenesis of middle lobe syndrome--review of 27 cases. PMID- 6511722 TI - Serum vitamin 'A' in bronchogenic carcinoma. PMID- 6511723 TI - Effect of cimetidine on gastric acid secretion in duodenal ulcer patients. PMID- 6511724 TI - Graphic representation of treadmill test results in follow up of patients of ischaemic heart diseases. PMID- 6511726 TI - Evaluation of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) in patients of chronic renal failure. PMID- 6511725 TI - Diagnostic efficacy of estimating fibrinogen/fibrin degradation products in pleural and peritoneal effusion fluids. PMID- 6511727 TI - Slow suction by drip method in empyema thoracis: a simple, effective, and no cost device. PMID- 6511728 TI - Hb E-thalassaemia in Uttar Pradesh. PMID- 6511729 TI - Non-compressive myelopathies with special reference to demyelinating diseases in Indian context. PMID- 6511730 TI - Sick sinus syndrome. PMID- 6511731 TI - Cardiac rehabilitation after myocardial infarction. PMID- 6511732 TI - Paraplegia. PMID- 6511733 TI - Multiple myeloma: with extra-medullary lesions. PMID- 6511734 TI - Budd-Chiari syndrome due to inferior vena cava obstruction in sickle cell trait. PMID- 6511735 TI - Hodgkin's lymphoma presenting as hypereosinophilia syndrome. PMID- 6511737 TI - Unusual cases of herpes zoster involving cranial nerves. PMID- 6511736 TI - Sacral agenesis. PMID- 6511739 TI - Chronic paroxysmal hemicrania. PMID- 6511738 TI - Atropine induced ventricular fibrillation in a case of diazinon poisoning. PMID- 6511740 TI - Remission of myasthenic state following thymectomy. PMID- 6511741 TI - Salmonella parotid abscess. PMID- 6511742 TI - Tracheostomy and tetanus. PMID- 6511743 TI - Disordered pulmonary function in tetanus. PMID- 6511744 TI - Congenital atlanto-axial dislocation: a clinical and radiological study. PMID- 6511745 TI - Primary immunodeficiency defects seen in PGI--one year study. PMID- 6511746 TI - The absence of interaction with alcohol of a new antiprotozoal agent Go. 10213 Cibemone. PMID- 6511747 TI - Selectivity of proteinuria as a diagnostic tool in nephrotic syndrome. PMID- 6511748 TI - Effect of isoprenaline inhalation on pulmonary function in smokers. PMID- 6511749 TI - Effect of indomethacin on the proteinuria of diabetic nephropathy. PMID- 6511750 TI - Serum magnesium in pulmonary tuberculosis. PMID- 6511751 TI - Armchair clue to diagnosis of mirror image dextrocardia with situs inversus in males. PMID- 6511752 TI - Apexcardiography. PMID- 6511753 TI - Clitoromegaly and primary amenorrhea. PMID- 6511754 TI - Systemic sclerosis presenting with cardiomyopathy and bifascicular block. PMID- 6511755 TI - Non-familial idiopathic pachydermoperiostosis. PMID- 6511756 TI - Progressive multisystem degeneration (Shy-Drager syndrome). PMID- 6511757 TI - Xanthoma tuberosum due to hypothyroidism. PMID- 6511758 TI - Dementia--a presenting feature of craniopharyngioma in an elderly patient. PMID- 6511759 TI - Painless myocardial infarction in diabetes mellitus. PMID- 6511760 TI - Treadmill test in asymptomatic persons and in iron deficiency. PMID- 6511761 TI - Is bradycardia dependent intermittent bundle branch block digoxin induced? PMID- 6511762 TI - Severe hyperglycaemia following ingestion of chlorpromazine. PMID- 6511763 TI - The L.D. zymogram--something for everybody. PMID- 6511764 TI - Serum L.D.H. zymogram in cirrhosis and malignancy of the liver. PMID- 6511765 TI - Vanishing thyroid nodule--a preliminary study. PMID- 6511766 TI - Glycosylated haemoglobin: its correlation with blood sugar in management of maturity onset diabetes mellitus. PMID- 6511767 TI - Evaluation of ribavirine in acute viral hepatitis. PMID- 6511768 TI - Connective tissue diseases in India--VIII. Familial aggregation. PMID- 6511770 TI - Covert bacteriuria in school girls in Poona. PMID- 6511771 TI - Blood carboxyhaemoglobin: a better index of smoking. PMID- 6511769 TI - Immediate effect of verapamil on the respiratory functions in bronchial asthma. PMID- 6511772 TI - Efficacy of combination of propranolol and hydralazine versus alpha-methyldopa in hypertension. PMID- 6511773 TI - Calcium antagonists: mechanisms of action and relevance to therapeutics. PMID- 6511774 TI - Supravalvular aortic stenosis. PMID- 6511775 TI - Methemoglobinaemia: an unusual presentation. PMID- 6511776 TI - Salmonella splenic abscess (a case report). PMID- 6511777 TI - Recurrent cardiac temponade in pericardial mesothelioma. PMID- 6511778 TI - Ganser's syndrome. PMID- 6511779 TI - Ibuprofen (Brufen) induced bronchial asthma. PMID- 6511780 TI - Hepatitis B with polyarthritis. PMID- 6511781 TI - Intracranial bullet with secondary ophthalmoplegia. A case report. PMID- 6511782 TI - [Abdominal abscess in computerized tomography]. PMID- 6511783 TI - Metastasis to the breast from primary contralateral breast cancer. PMID- 6511784 TI - Suppression of placental alkaline phosphatase biosynthesis by tunicamycin. AB - Placental alkaline phosphatase activity and immunoreactivity were inhibited in a parallel fashion in choriocarcinoma cells by tunicamycin, a protein glycosylation inhibitor. Tunicamycin suppressed placental alkaline phosphatase biosynthesis in addition to inhibiting protein glycosylation in general. An anti-placental alkaline phosphatase-precipitable polypeptide of 58,000 daltons was formed in the presence of this antibiotic. The 58,000-dalton polypeptide had a degradation rate similar to that of the glycosylated phosphatase monomer from control cultures. Tunicamycin suppressed placental alkaline phosphatase mRNA activity leading to the observed decrease in biosynthesis. PMID- 6511785 TI - An acetylenic mechanism-based inhibitor of dopamine beta-hydroxylase. AB - The catalytic action of dopamine beta-hydroxylase on 1-phenyl-1-propyne results in concomitant loss of enzyme activity. At pH 5.5 and 25 degrees C, 1-phenyl-1 propyne inactivates dopamine beta-hydroxylase in a mechanism-based fashion. The inactivation rate is first-order, follows saturation kinetics, and is strictly dependent on catalysis (oxygen and ascorbate are essential). The inactivation rate of saturating 1-phenyl-1-propyne (kinact) increases from 0.08 to 0.22 min-1 when the oxygen saturation increases from 21 to 100%, respectively. Inactivation also requires a copper-containing catalytically competent enzyme. Tyramine and norepinephrine (respectively, substrate and product of the normal catalytic reaction) protect against inactivation, and no regain of enzyme activity occurs after prolonged dialysis. Experiments with ether-extracted incubation solutions (+/- enzyme) showed no difference in their gas chromatography-mass spectral patterns implying that inactivation of dopamine beta-hydroxylase by 1-phenyl-1 propyne occurs through a kinetic process with a partition ratio (kcat/kinact) equal to or near 1. Thus, this acetylenic substrate analog appears to be a very efficient mechanism-based inhibitor of dopamine beta-hydroxylase. We propose that inactivation of this enzyme by 1-phenyl-1-propyne proceeds by formation of a reactive intermediate that occurs prior to product formation and that alkylates an amino acid residue at the active site of the enzyme. PMID- 6511786 TI - Modification of alpha-bungarotoxin and cholinergic ligand-binding properties of Torpedo acetylcholine receptor by a monoclonal anti-acetylcholine receptor antibody. AB - The interaction between acetylcholine receptor (AcChR) and monoclonal antibody (mab) 247G--whose binding is blocked by the presence of alpha-bungarotoxin (alpha BgTx)--leads, in the absence of alpha BgTx, to a maximum binding of 0.5 mabs/alpha BgTx-binding site and, in turn, produces a maximum of 50% inhibition of alpha BgTx binding. For the solubilized AcChR, this inhibition is the result of blockade by mab 247G of the kinetically resolved slow component of alpha BgTx binding. The presence of cholinergic ligands does not significantly inhibit mab binding to the AcChR. AcChR X mab 247G complexes bind d-[3H]tubocurarine and carbamyl[3H]choline with the same stoichiometry as for free AcChR. However, while the binding isotherms for the agonist remain unaltered, the dissociation constant of the antagonist for its high-affinity site increases at least 3 times and there is a decrease in the total number of high-affinity sites and a concomitant increase in the total number of low-affinity sites. These results indicate that the binding of mab 247G to the AcChR stabilizes a new conformational state of the molecule capable of binding cholinergic ligands and confirm previous reports indicating that the cholinergic binding site can be viewed as a region of overlapping cholinergic binding subsites. PMID- 6511787 TI - Biochemical characterization of human eosinophil Charcot-Leyden crystal protein (lysophospholipase). AB - Lysophospholipase from human eosinophils is a protein previously considered based upon antigenic, enzymatic, and electrophoretic similarities to be the single component of Charcot-Leyden crystals, which are formed in vivo in association with eosinophilic diseases. The identity of eosinophil lysophospholipase and solubilized Charcot-Leyden crystal protein is now established by biochemical criteria, and a basis for the ease of aggregation and crystallization of the protein is identified in its prominent hydrophobicity. Chromatographically purified enzyme and Charcot-Leyden crystal protein formed in vitro functioned as lysophospholipases with identical Michaelis constants (Km approximately equal to 22 microM) for the substrate lysopalmitoylphosphatidylcholine and had blocked amino-terminal residues and almost identical amino acid compositions. The propensity of lysophospholipase to aggregate was not due to extensive intermolecular disulfide bonding because it contained a single cysteine residue as assessed by amino acid analyses and incorporated 0.986 mol of p chloromercuribenzoic acid/mol of native enzyme or 0.958 mol of iodoacetic acid/mol of reduced and denatured enzyme. By equilibrium dialysis, lysophospholipase bound 3.820 g of detergent/g of protein in 1% sodium dodecyl sulfate and 0.506 g of detergent/g of protein in 10 mM sodium deoxycholate. In addition, monomeric protein demonstrated enhanced binding of detergent as evidenced by its aberrantly rapid electrophoretic mobility in 1%, but not 0.1%, sodium dodecyl sulfate. The hydrophobic nature of this protein, which accounts for 10% of the protein of the eosinophil, may contribute to its unique propensity for crystallization in vivo. PMID- 6511788 TI - Interaction of diphtheria toxin with adenylyl-(3',5')-uridine 3'-monophosphate. I. Equilibrium and kinetic measurements. AB - Purified diphtheria toxin from various sources contains tightly, but noncovalently, bound nucleotides, the major component of which is adenylyl (3',5')-uridine 3'-monophosphate (ApUp). We used ApUp radiolabeled with 32P to measure equilibrium dissociation constants (KD), and association and dissociation rate constants (k+1 and k-1, respectively) under various conditions. Diphtheria toxin bound 1 molar equivalent of ApUp, regardless of the temperature. Values of KD were 0.2 nM (25 degrees C) and 1.8 nM (37 degrees C) as determined by flow dialysis. No difference in KD was observed between the nicked and intact forms of toxin. The dissociation rate constant showed marked variation with temperature, ranging from 1.8 X 10(-4) s-1 at 5.5 degrees C (t 1/2 of the complex = 64 min) to 2.5 X 10(-2) s-1 at 25 degrees C (t 1/2 of the complex = 28 s). By contrast, k+1 varied only by a factor of 5 over the same temperature range (2.0 X 10(7) M-1 s-1 at 5.5 degrees C; 9.6 X 10(7) M-1 s-1 at 25 degrees C). The KD at 5.5 degrees C, calculated from the ratio of k-1/k+1, is 9 pM, which represents the strongest affinity of a dinucleotide for a protein ever reported. Affinity was maximal in the range of pH 6.5 to 7.1 and was sensitive to ionic strength. Thermodynamic parameters of the system were calculated. PMID- 6511789 TI - Interaction of diphtheria toxin with adenylyl-(3',5')-uridine 3'-monophosphate. II. The NAD-binding site and determinants of dinucleotide affinity. AB - Diphtheria toxin (DT) binds NAD with a KD of about 10 microM and adenylyl-(3',5') uridine 3'-monophosphate (ApUp) with KD values ranging from 9 pM to 1.8 nM, depending on temperature (Collins, C. M., Barbieri, J. T., and Collier, R. J. (1984) J. Biol. Chem. 259, 15154-15158). Here we report experiments to explore relationships between ApUp binding and NAD binding to DT and to identify structural features of ApUp that determine its high affinity for DT. NAD, adenine, and nicotinamide competitively inhibited ApUp binding to DT, and we confirmed that ApUp blocked the binding and hydrolysis of NAD. Binding of P-site ligands to the toxin blocked interactions with ApUp. CRM197, a mutant form of DT defective in NAD binding and hydrolysis, bound ApUp 5,000-fold less tightly than did DT. These results are consistent with models in which the ApUp- and NAD binding sites on DT overlap or are identical. Various mono-, di-, and oligonucleotides were studied as competitors of ApUp binding or the NAD glycohydrolase reaction. The results imply that the high affinity of ApUp for DT depends on the presence of the 3'-terminal phosphate and a 3'-5' internucleoside linkage. There was strong specificity for adenine as the 5' base, but only weak specificity for uracil as the 3' base. Oligoribonucleotides containing additional nucleotides at either or both ends of ApUp sequences bound to the toxin 1-3 orders of magnitude less avidly than ApUp. Oligodeoxyribonucleotides containing dApdT sequences bound with still lower affinities. In contrast to the case with whole toxin, ApUp bound to fragment A less avidly than did NAD, and elimination of the 3'-terminal phosphate of ApUp resulted in increased affinity for the protein. These differences may reflect the absence in free fragment A of interactions with the cationic P-site, located on the toxin's B moiety. PMID- 6511790 TI - Purification and characterization of a lysophospholipase from human amnionic membranes. AB - We have identified the presence of a lysophospholipase in human placental tissues and have purified this enzyme from the amnion. The specific activity was highest in the amnion and decreased across adjacent tissues. The purification involved the use of DEAE-Sephadex, phenyl-Sepharose, hydroxylapatite, and sulfylpropyl Sephadex chromatography. The activity of the purified enzyme toward palmitoyl lysophosphatidylcholine is 2.5 mumol min-1 mg-1 and the pH optimum is 7.0. The enzyme is not inhibited by EDTA and does not appear to have a metal ion requirement. The enzyme may be of membrane origin; the purified enzyme requires the presence of detergent during storage. The effects of substrate composition and physical state on enzymatic activity were explored. The enzyme was not active toward mono-, di-, or triglycerides, nor toward diacyl phospholipid. The enzyme was active toward myristoyl and palmitoyl lysophosphatidylcholine at concentrations where these substrates spontaneously form micelles or where Triton X-100 was used to induce co-micellization of the substrate at low concentrations with detergent. A role for this enzyme in processing the lysophospholipid product of phospholipase A action must be considered in evaluating arachidonic acid production in human fetal membranes and placental tissue, particularly during the initiation of labor. PMID- 6511791 TI - Inhibition of S-adenosyl-L-methionine sterol-C-24-methyltransferase by analogues of a carbocationic ion high-energy intermediate. Structure activity relationships for C-25 heteroatoms (N, As, S) substituted triterpenoid derivatives. AB - Microsomes from maize seedlings are capable of catalyzing the C-24 alkylation of 4,4,14 alpha-trimethyl-9 beta,19-cyclo-5 alpha-cholest-24-en-3 beta-ol (cycloartenol) by (S)-adenosyl-L-methionine (AdoMet) leading to 24-methylene cycloartanol. Derivatives of cycloartenol bearing a nitrogen atom at C-25 have been previously shown to be potent inhibitors of the AdoMet-cycloartenol-C-24 methyltransferase (Narula, A. S., Rahier, A., Benveniste, P., and Schuber, F. (1981) J. Am. Chem. Soc. 103, 2408-2409). In order to determine the molecular parameters of the inhibition and to gain information about its mechanism, various azasteroids and analogues have been synthesized and assayed. The following results have been obtained. i) The presence of a positive charge at position 25 was found to be the major cause of the inhibition since electrostatically neutral isosteric compounds possessing a carbon in place of the nitrogen atom were not inhibitory. The positive charge leading to inhibition may be conferred by a protonated amine, a quaternary ammonium group, as well as by a sulfonium or an arsonium group. ii) A steroid-like structure of the inhibitor was also important. And iii) the presence of a free 3 beta-hydroxy group and the bent conformation of cycloartenol, which are essential molecular features of the substrate for the methylation reaction, were no longer required to observe inhibition. The data obtained strongly support the idea that C-25 heteroatoms (N, As, and S), substituted triterpenoid derivatives possessing a positive charge at position 25, are analogues of a carbocationic high-energy intermediate involved during the reaction catalyzed by the AdoMet-cycloartenol-C-24-methyltransferase. PMID- 6511793 TI - L(+)-Lactate binding to preparations of rat hepatocyte plasma membranes. AB - Incubation of rat hepatocyte plasma membranes with L-[14C]lactate resulted in the labeling of protein(s) of apparent molecular weight 40,000 when examined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The binding was saturable, irreversible, and inhibited by pyruvate, 2-oxoglutarate, and alpha cyano-3-hydroxycinnamate, but not by D-lactate. It was markedly enhanced by L alanine, but not D-alanine or beta-alanine. The binding protein(s) could be solubilized in cholic acid giving a single peak on gel filtration corresponding to a molecular weight of 26,000 and an isoelectric point of 5.1. This peak, when subjected to sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, ran in a position corresponding to an apparent molecular weight of 40,000. When membranes were treated with Triton X-100, lactate binding was retained by the Triton insoluble fraction. The binding of L-[14C]lactate increased with incubation time, due apparently to the appearance of new binding sites and not to sequestration into vesicles. As many of the characteristics of lactate binding to rat hepatocyte plasma membranes were found to be similar to those of lactate entry into isolated hepatocytes, we speculate that the lactate-binding protein could represent part or whole of a plasma-membrane lactate transporter. Lactate-binding proteins of the same molecular weight were identified in the plasma membranes from rat erythrocytes, cardiac muscle, skeletal muscle, lung, and brain. PMID- 6511792 TI - Ricin-like plant toxins are evolutionarily related to single-chain ribosome inhibiting proteins from Phytolacca. AB - A comparison has been made of the amino-terminal sequences of a number of ribosome-inhibiting proteins (RIPs) and cytotoxins. These include the monomeric enzymes PAP, PAP-S, PAP-II, and dodecandrin and the enzymatic A chains from the heterodimeric toxins ricin and modeccin. We show that these proteins have all evolved from a single ancestor. A statistical analysis is used to show the likely evolutionary relationship among the proteins. A similar analysis was performed on the amino-terminal sequences of ricin, Ricinus agglutinin, and modeccin B chains. These are galactoside-binding proteins associated with the A-chain enzymes. From the two comparisons we propose a scheme for the development of two major classes of proteins. The RIP and sugar-binding genes probably evolved independently. In some plant lines the genes never fused, although the RIP gene replicated and developed into several proteins expressed at various stages of plant maturation. In another line the RIP gene fused with a sugar binding (B-chain) gene to form the class of heterodimeric toxins. In some species this fused gene appears to have multiplied, one or more of the toxin genes mutating to code for a self dimerizing agglutinin molecule. PMID- 6511794 TI - Estradiol-induced alteration of very-low-density lipoprotein assembly. Possible competition among apoproteins for incorporation into nascent very-low-density lipoprotein. AB - The hypothesis that the apoprotein composition of nascent very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) secreted by the hepatocyte is determined by the relative rates of apoprotein synthesis and their affinities of binding to VLDL was tested using chick hepatocytes in monolayer culture. Chick cells were chosen for the study of lipoprotein assembly since estradiol treatment can be used to alter the composition of the apoprotein mixture synthesized by these cells. The secretion of apoprotein (apo) B by estradiol-treated hepatocytes was elevated 4.2-fold above the basal level measured in control cells. Furthermore, estradiol-treated cells secreted apo-II, a major VLDL apoprotein not synthesized prior to estradiol treatment, at a level equivalent to that of apo-B. However, no difference in the secretion of apo-A-I and other newly identified nascent VLDL apoproteins was detected. These changes in relative rates of apoprotein synthesis altered the composition of nascent VLDL secreted by control versus estradiol-induced cells from: apo-B, 22 to 40%; apo-II, 0 to 32%; apo-37 kDa, 14 to 6%; apo-A-I, 31 to 12%; apo-17 kDa, 10 to 4%; apo-9 kDa, 15 to less than 10%; and apo-6 kDa, 8 to less than 2%. To investigate the basis for the preferential incorporation of apo B and apo-II into nascent VLDL, the relative affinities of the apoproteins for VLDL were compared by measuring their capacities to transfer from VLDL into other lipoprotein or nonlipoprotein density classes. Culture medium containing [3H]leucine-labeled VLDL was incubated with plasma deficient in lipoproteins of rho less than 1.006 g/ml. Within 30 min of incubation at 37 degrees C, 3H-labeled apo-A-I and apo-9 kDa exchanged between VLDL and high-density lipoprotein, whereas apo-37 kDa exchanged between VLDL and the rho greater than 1.21 g/ml fraction. Neither apo-B nor apo-II underwent transfer from nascent VLDL. These results suggest that the relative rates of input of apoproteins into the secretory pathway and their affinities of binding to the nascent VLDL particle determine their extent of incorporation into, and, thus, the apoprotein composition of secreted VLDL. PMID- 6511795 TI - Analysis of the steroid receptor of Achlya ambisexualis. AB - We have previously reported the discovery of a specific high-affinity binding protein for the fungal sex steroid pheromone antheridiol in the cytosol of Achlya ambisexualis male cells. In this report, we describe the fractionation of the binding protein from the cytosol by ammonium sulfate precipitation, the optimization of in vitro conditions for radioligand binding assays, and some of the biochemical properties of the binding protein. In the presence of sodium molybdate, the macromolecule has a sedimentation coefficient of 8.3 S in sucrose gradients of low ionic strength, a Stokes radius of 56.6 A (Sephacryl S-300 columns), a molecular weight of approximately 192,000, a frictional ratio of 1.5, and an axial ratio of 8.9. The binding protein can be eluted with 0.24 M KCl as a single peak from DEAE-Sephadex A-25 columns. These results indicate that this steroid-binding protein from a primitive eukaryotic microbe has in vitro biochemical properties that are similar to those of other known steroid receptors in higher organisms. PMID- 6511796 TI - Sulfmyoglobin. Resonance Raman spectroscopic evidence for an iron-chlorin prosthetic group. AB - The green heme protein sulfmyoglobin (SMb) has been suggested to contain a sulfur modified iron chlorin prosthetic group. To evaluate this hypothesis, we have obtained high-frequency (greater than 1000 cm-1) resonance Raman spectra of both oxidized and reduced SMb with 457.9-, 488.0-, 514.5-, 568.2-, and 647.1-nm excitation. The SMb spectra are compared to those of native met- and deoxymyoglobin (Mb). Vibrational frequencies for SMb are generally similar to those of Mb, suggesting a high-spin state for both the Fe(III) and Fe(II) SMb species, as is typical of native Mb. However, major differences between SMb and Mb occur both for patterns of relative spectral intensities and for depolarization ratios. In particular, all B1g-depolarized porphyrin modes in the Mb spectra have become polarized, totally symmetric vibrational modes in the SMb spectra. These contrasts reflect a dramatic lowering of the effective symmetry for the SMb prosthetic group. Several new bands are observed in SMb spectra that are not present in spectra of either native Mb or iron protoporphyrin IX complexes. The observation of additional polarized bands flanking the oxidation state marker, V4, is of particular interest. In a parallel study, we compared the resonance Raman spectral properties of iron protoporphyrin IX-derived chlorins and metallo-octaethylchlorins with those of the analogous porphyrins: the chlorin spectra exhibited altered intensity patterns, an increased number of totally symmetric (polarized) vibrational bands, and several new vibrational bands, including one or two in the region of the oxidation state marker, V4. Thus, the resonance Raman spectral characteristics of SMb and metallo-chlorins are complementary and strongly support a chlorin prosthetic group for SMb. Furthermore, they establish testable criteria for investigating the prosthetic group structures of other green heme proteins by resonance Raman spectroscopy. PMID- 6511797 TI - On the mechanism of action of cytochrome P-450. Oxidation and reduction of the ferrous dioxygen complex of liver microsomal cytochrome P-450 by cytochrome b5. AB - The effects of cytochrome b5 on the decay of the ferrous dioxygen complexes of P 450LM2 and P-450LM4 from rabbit liver microsomes were studied by stopped-flow spectrophotometry. The P-450 (FeIIO2) complexes accept an electron from reduced cytochrome b5 and, in a reaction not previously described, donate an electron to oxidized cytochrome b5 to give ferric P-450. A comparison with the electron transferring properties of ferrous P-450 under anaerobic conditions allowed determination of the limiting steps of the two reactions involving the oxygenated complex. The rate of decay of the dioxygen complex was increased in all cases with b5 present; however, with oxidized b5 a large increase in the rate was observed with P-450 isozyme 4 but not with isozyme 2, whereas the opposite situation was found when reduced b5 was used. The reactions between b5 and ferrous dioxygen P-450 were not at thermodynamic equilibrium under the conditions employed. From the results obtained, a model is proposed in which the ferrous dioxygen complex decomposes rapidly into another species differing from ferric P 450 in its spectral properties and from the starting complex in its electron transferring properties. A scheme is presented to indicate how competition among spontaneous decay, cytochrome b5 oxidation, and cytochrome b5 reduction by the ferrous O2 complex may influence substrate hydroxylation. PMID- 6511798 TI - Estrogen-dependent modification of ribosomal proteins. Effects of estrogen withdrawal on the distribution of constitutive and hormonally regulated mRNAs. AB - Estrogen-dependent modification of ribosomal proteins during induction of egg yolk protein synthesis in avian liver was examined in vivo and in cultured hepatocytes. Modification of two proteins of the 40S ribosomal subunit was detected in vivo, within 40 min of injection of hormone. One of the proteins was identified as S6 and the other, tentatively, as S3a. Estrogen treatment resulted in the appearance of multiple, phosphorylated forms of S6 and a shift in electrophoretic mobility of the other protein that was consistent with its dephosphorylation. The steady state achieved within 2 h of injection could be maintained for up to 2 weeks when the hormone was administered from silastic implants. Removal of the implants resulted in a return to the preinduction state within 20-40 min. Similar modifications were induced in hepatocytes maintained in defined medium, with 17 beta-estradiol as the only hormonal supplement. In order to check on the possibility that the modifications observed could selectively influence mRNA utilization, the cytoplasmic distributions of two abundant mRNAs were monitored during the first few hours following withdrawal. One of these was serum albumin mRNA, the levels of which are unaffected by estrogen. The other was very-low-density apolipoprotein II mRNA which specifies a major egg-yolk protein. The synthesis of this mRNA is absolutely dependent on estrogen and its half-life is also markedly affected by the hormone. PMID- 6511800 TI - Interaction of tubulin with chromatin proteins. H1 and core histones. AB - Purified histones, H1 or core histones, induce the aggregation of tubulin. The aggregation process, studied by light scattering at 350 nm and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate, is dependent on the respective amounts of histones and tubulin; a maximum is obtained at a stoichiometry of 1 molecule of H1 or 2 molecules of core histones/tubulin dimer. At these molar ratios, all tubulin and histone molecules are found in the insoluble material which sedimented at 2000 X g. Increasing H1 or core histones, there is a progressive decrease of light scattering and a concomitant formation of soluble complexes. The minimum soluble complexes between tubulin and H1 or between tubulin and core histones have the same apparent molecular weight of 150,000-160,000; these complexes consist of one tubulin and two H1 molecules or one tubulin and four core histones. The tubulin-histone interaction is an almost instantaneous reaction which can, however, be slowed down by increasing the ionic strength of the medium. NaCl (0.5 M) decreased by 50% the formation of tubulin-H1 insoluble complexes but slightly affects the core histones-tubulin complex formation. Histones can be classified by their ability to form insoluble complexes with tubulin: H4 = H3 greater than H2B = H2A greater than H1. The reactivity of histones seems to be related to their lysine/arginine content. Electron microscopy revealed that insoluble polymers resulting from the interaction of tubulin with H1 or core histones are similar and consist of unordered aggregates of 35-40 nm ring structures. PMID- 6511799 TI - Purification, characterization, and pituitary regulation of the sex-specific cytochrome P-450 15 beta-hydroxylase from liver microsomes of untreated female rats. AB - A sex-differentiated form of cytochrome P-450 has been purified to electrophoretic homogeneity from liver microsomes of untreated female rats. The purified preparation contained 17 nmol of P-450/mg of protein and had a minimum molecular weight of 50,000. The final preparation was active in the hydroxylation of 5 alpha-[3H]androstane-3 alpha, 17 beta-diol 3,17-disulfate in the 15 beta position, with a turnover number of 2.6 nmol/min/nmol P-450 and is designated "P 450 15 beta" on the basis of this activity. Cytochrome P-450 15 beta is isolated essentially in the low-spin state and has a CO-reduced difference spectral maximum at 449 nm. Comparison of the female protein with the corresponding P-450 fraction from male rats revealed an absence of the 15 beta band in the male electrophoretic profile. Specific antibodies to isozyme 15 beta were used with a Western blot technique to demonstrate the virtual absence of the protein in male microsomes. This method was also used to demonstrate that hypophysectomy of female rats resulted in undetectable levels of the 15 beta-hydroxylase, while continuous infusion of growth hormone to normal male animals increased the 15 beta-hydroxylase level to that of female. P-450 15 beta is proposed to be the enzyme responsible for the predominance of 15 beta-hydroxylated steroid sulfate metabolites in excreta of female rats, and their absence in males. The same purification procedure for female rat liver microsomes also yielded another purified cytochrome P-450 characterized by a minimum molecular weight of 52,500, termed P-450 DEa, which was inefficient in the 15 beta-hydroxylation of 5 alpha [3H]androstane-3 alpha, 17 beta-diol 3, 17-disulfate. No evidence was obtained that this form is sexually differentiated. PMID- 6511801 TI - Selection of liver-colonizing tumor cells from a murine fibrosarcoma induced by methylcholanthrene. AB - An experimental tumor model was developed to study the organ preference of malignant tumors. The primary tumor ER 15-P was induced by inoculation of 1 mg methylcholanthrene in 0.1 ml sesame oil into the left femoral muscle of a female C57/Bl6J mouse. The tumor was palpable 100 days after induction. Spontaneous lung metastases were found at autopsy on day 128. Serial IM transplantation of tumor cells from the primary ER 15-P resulted in pulmonary metastases in all male and female mice. After IV injection of tumor cells from ER 15-P to male mice, colonies were found in lungs, thoracic cavity, liver, kidneys and occasionally also adrenals; female mice sometimes had ovarian metastases in addition, but no hepatic metastases. Liver-colonizing tumor cells were selected in male mice as follows: (a) IV injection of tumor cells from primary ER 15-P; (b) removal of tumor cells from liver tumor nodules, reinjection into mesenteric vein; (c) preparation of resulting tumors in the liver, reinjection of these cells through the portal system in one group of mice, and IV administration into tail vein in another group: (d) IM inoculation of tumor cells of the mesenteric passage in the left gastrocnemius muscle of mice prior to IV injection via tail vein in another group. Steps c and d were repeated three times. The procedure resulted in a highly significant decrease of tumor cell colonization to lungs and other organs, and a preferential increase of liver colonization. The liver preference of cell lines thus selected was obvious. Possible mechanisms for the organ preference of malignant tumors are discussed. PMID- 6511802 TI - Aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase induction levels in patients with malignant tumors associated with smoking. AB - The levels of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH) inducibility were assessed in 173 patients with cancers statistically associated with smoking, i.e., squamous cell and transitional cell carcinomas, at various sites. In 34 patients with carcinomas of the oral cavity, 41 patients with laryngeal carcinomas, and 22 patients with pulmonary carcinomas there was a highly significant overrepresentation of high inducers, whereas 30 patients with carcinomas of the renal pelvis and ureter and 46 patients with urinary bladder carcinomas did not differ significantly in this respect from a control population comprising 92 subjects with no history of neoplastic disease. The results add further support to the concept of AHH as a major activator of carcinogens belonging to the group of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) when these affect the oral cavity and/or the respiratory tract. The role of AHH in urothelial carcinogenesis seems to be less explicit. PMID- 6511803 TI - Mutagenicity of alpha-hydroxy N-nitrosamines in V79 Chinese hamster cells. AB - Carcinogenic and mutagenic N-nitrosodialkylamines are metabolically activated through alpha-hydroxylation. The synthesis, chemical properties, and microbial mutagenicity of alpha-hydroxy N-nitrosamines have been reported previously. Potent mutagenicity of four N-nitroso-N-(hydroxymethyl)-alkylamines (alkyl = methyl, ethyl, propyl, and butyl) was demonstrated in the present study in V79 Chinese hamster cells, ouabain resistance being used as an indicator. All the compounds were strong mutagens in the absence of metabolic activation systems. The mutagenic and cytotoxic potencies correlated well with each other, and depended on the alkyl group, decreasing in potency in the following order: methyl greater than ethyl greater than propyl = butyl. Their alkylating reactivity was measured by alkylation of thiophenol, and a good linear relationship was observed between the mutagenic and cytotoxic potencies and their alkylating reactivity. The mutagenic and cytotoxic potencies of the alpha-hydroxy N-nitrosamines in V79 cells were well correlated with those of alpha-acetoxy and alpha-hydroperoxy N nitrosamines with respect to the effect of alkyl group. The results obtained here supported further that alpha-hydroxy N-nitrosamine is the active species in the metabolic activation of N-nitrosodialkylamine. PMID- 6511804 TI - Serum copper in malignant neoplasia with special reference to the cervix uteri. AB - Serum copper levels (SCl) were determined in normal patients and in patients with primary tumors of different sites, measurements being made before and after therapy. The serum copper was elevated in the presence of all the different types of tumor examined. In patients not responding to treatment and those who relapsed, the serum copper remained constant or became higher. SCl may provide an effective means of evaluating the extent of the disease and is of value in the estimation of prognosis after therapy. PMID- 6511805 TI - Clinical features of nodular paragranuloma (Hodgkin's disease, lymphocyte predominance type, nodular). AB - Clinical aspects of 145 cases of nodular paragranuloma (nodular subtype of lymphocyte predominance type of Hodgkin's disease) were investigated. There was a marked male predominance, and the age curve showed a peak in the 4th decade. In a majority of cases lymphadenopathy developed within 1 year. General (B) symptoms were observed in only 15 patients. The most frequent sites of primary involvement were cervical, axillary, and inguinal lymph nodes. Other organs were rarely involved. At the time of diagnosis 50% of patients were in stage I, 21% in stage II, 22% in stage III, and 7% in stage IV. The prognosis was usually favorable or very favorable and depended on the stage of disease at diagnosis and on the age of the patient. Patients with stage I or III disease without splenic involvement had about the same probability of survival as the normal population. Stage III patients with splenic involvement had a lower probability of survival. The prognosis for stage II was also less favorable. Patients in stage IV had the lowest probability of survival. Closer analysis of the ten stage IV cases revealed two groups with different outcomes. Four cases showed progressive disease that did not respond to treatment and led to death within 12 months. The second, more favorable form (6 patients) responded well to chemotherapy. Nine patients in stage I who were not treated after lymph node biopsy were free of disease even after periods of up to 14 years. A total of 52 patients had one or more relapses. The recurrent tumors developed locally in a majority of cases. There was transformation of nodular paragranuloma into another subtype of Hodgkin's disease in only four cases. Five cases showed transformation into large cell tumors that resembled immunoblastic lymphoma and require further immunological study. PMID- 6511806 TI - Ferricenium complexes: a new type of water-soluble antitumor agent. AB - The antitumor activity of a series of iron complexes, i.e., of ferrocene [Cp2Fe], of tetrachloroferrates(III) [R4N]+[FeCl4]-, and of ferricenium complexes [Cp2Fe]+X- (X- = [FeCl4]-, 1/2 [Cl3FeOFeCl3]2-, [H5Mo7O24]- X 2H2O, [2,4,6 (NO2)3C6H2O]-, or [CCl3COO]- X 2 CCl3COOH) was investigated against EAT in CF1 mice. Whereas ferrocene and the ammonium tetrachloroferrates(III) did not show recognizable tumor-inhibiting activity, such activity was exhibited by the water soluble, salt-like ferricenium complexes; the best antineoplastic properties, with optimum cure rates of 100%, were found for ferricenium picrate and ferricenium trichloroacetate. The ferricenium compounds are the first iron complexes for which antineoplastic activity has now been shown. They represent a new type of antitumor agent insofar as they differ fundamentally from known inorganic and organometallic antitumor agents (a) by their ionic, salt-like character, which is responsible for their high water solubility, and (b) by the absence of a cis-dihalometal moiety; this moiety has been recognized as important for the intracellular action of other known inorganic cytostatics. PMID- 6511807 TI - Metastatic breast cancer with constantly low CEA blood levels. A subgroup with unfavorable prognosis? AB - The capability of breast cancer to secrete CEA might have biological significance. In 105 patients with metastatic breast cancer serial CEA determinations and clinical follow-up data were available during progression of disease up to death. In this series, 39 patients (37%) had constantly low CEA levels (less than 10 ng/ml), whereas 66 patients (63%) showed CEA values exceeding 10 ng/ml with progression. The patients with low CEA levels had significantly shorter median survival times (P = 0.001) after mastectomy (39 versus 65 months) and after recurrence (18 versus 28 months) than the patients with high CEA levels. This difference was due first to a poor-risk group of 13 patients with rapidly disseminating tumors, very short survival (less than 12 months), and low CEA levels. Secondly, there were more patients with pulmonary involvement and unfavorable prognosis and fewer patients with osseous metastases and long survival in the low-CEA group. In conclusion, there might be a subtype of breast cancer with rapid progression and low CEA secretion. This clinical observation has to be confirmed by histological grading and CEA staining of these tumors. PMID- 6511808 TI - Effects of steroid hormone therapy on primarily xenotransplanted human colorectal adenocarcinomas. AB - Primary xenotransplantation of six different human colorectal adenocarcinomas onto nude mice yielded a mean tumor take of 85%. Administration of steroid hormones induced tumor remissions in some cases. Neither the stage of the original patient's tumors nor their hormone receptor content seemed to be related to the result of the hormone therapies. It is concluded that some colorectal cancers can be treated as hormone-sensitive tumors. PMID- 6511809 TI - Hypophosphatemia accompanying blastic crisis in a patient with malignant lymphoma. AB - A patient with malignant lymphoma showed severe hypophosphatemia during a blastic crisis. x-Ray microprobe analysis of the cells at this stage revealed a high phosphorus content. Following treatment and a decline in the white cell count the serum phosphorus increased, whereas the cellular phosphorus decreased. The potential prognostic value of serum and cellular phosphorus determinations during the course of malignant disorders of the hematopoietic system is discussed. PMID- 6511810 TI - Aminoacids--precursors of melanin synthesis in hamster melanoma. AB - The role of L-tyrosine, L-phenylalanine, L-dihydroxyphenylalanine (dopa) and L tryptophan in melanin biosynthesis in melanotic hamster melanoma IC-Sofia was investigated with the aid of 14C-aminoacids. Tyrosine and phenylalanine were found to be the main melanin precursors: about 64.5% of total melanin labeling was due to tyrosine incorporation and 27.4% to phenylalanine incorporation. Negligible proportions of melanin radioactivity (5.7% and 2.4%, respectively) resulted from dopa and tryptophan utilization in melanin synthesis. The involvement of each of the aminoacids under investigation in melanin synthesis in vivo is discussed. PMID- 6511811 TI - Light and electron microscopic studies of an antibiotic bonded vascular graft. AB - Polytetrafluoroethylene grafts were bonded to oxacillin with the cationic surfactant, benzalkonium chloride. Grafts were placed in the canine aorta and harvested six and twelve weeks after implantation. Light and scanning and transmission electron microscopy were performed in all specimens. No histological differences could be demonstrated between control and antibiotic bonded grafts. Significant antibacterial activity was demonstrated at the time of graft implantation. However, none remained six and twelve weeks later. PMID- 6511812 TI - Thoraco-abdominal dysplastic aortopathy with and without associated renal artery involvement. Surgical considerations and histopathology. AB - Nine patients with thoraco-abdominal aortic dysplasia with and without renal artery involvement are reported. All were treated surgically with no early or late mortality. They have been followed up for from 2 to 12 years. The majority of the patients, at the time of writing, are symptomless and normotensive. Hypertension, especially in young people, was the dominant presentation. This is often associated with arterial insufficiency of the lower extremities. Arteriography is essential and provides the correct diagnosis and suggests the appropriate surgical treatment. The aetiology is unknown but evidence points to a congenital process aggravated by secondary changes. Histological studies show a dysplastic process affecting mainly the media and intima. PMID- 6511813 TI - A simplified technique for the surgical treatment of aneurysms of the thoraco abdominal and the upper abdominal aorta. AB - Aneurysms of the thoraco-abdominal and upper abdominal aorta require widespread and complex surgical treatment because of their extension and involvement of the viscera. This surgery is accompanied by significant morbidity and operative mortality rates. A description is made of a simplified surgical technique, easier to carry out than other techniques and with less risk to the patient, and minimal cardiac, cerebral and renal repercussions. In this technique, an aorto-iliac shunt is created, followed by intrasaccular revascularization of the splanchnic vessels by means of grafts placed between the shunt and the ostia of the digestive and renal arteries. Two cases in which this was successfully carried out are presented and discussed. PMID- 6511814 TI - Surgical treatment of patients with a carotid artery occlusion and a contralateral stenosis. AB - Patients with a carotid artery occlusion and a haemodynamically significant contralateral stenosis have an increased risk of incurring a stroke. Based on the results of a series of 33 patients our conclusion is that the surgical therapy of choice should be endarterectomy of the stenotic artery irrespective of which side the symptoms are located on. Only those patients who continue to have TIA's on the side of the occlusion after endarterectomy of the stenotic side should be considered for an ECIC bypass. PMID- 6511815 TI - Acute ischemia of the extremities in a metropolitan area during one year. AB - All acute extremity ischemias during one year (1980) in the greater Stockholm area (population 1.5 million) were evaluated. One hundred and thirty eight cases were found. The incidence figures varied from 0.4/100,000 in the age group 20 to 30 years to 182/100,000 in the ages above 90 years. 81% of the cases were classified as emboli and 19% as acute thrombosis. Over all mortality was 19.5%. In the embolism group mortality was 21%, amputation rate 28% and limb salvage rate 51%. Limb salvage rate was significantly higher in patients receiving heparin therapy (61%) as compared to those who received no heparin (32%). Delay of treatment also caused an increase in amputation rate. Patients with acute thrombosis had a lower mortality (12%) and an amputation rate of 42%. It is concluded that the results of acute extremity ischemia may be less favourable than previously reported when results from institutions not specialised in vascular surgery are also included. Among other possible factors explaining the high amputation rate may be the proportion of older patients. PMID- 6511816 TI - Pulsatile flow during routine cardiopulmonary bypass. AB - The effect of pulsatile flow during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) was studied on two groups of 11 patients each (aged between 18 and 48 years) undergoing open valvular and congenital heart surgery. In the nonpulsatile group, mean blood pressure (BP) and systemic vascular resistance index (SVRI) increased steadily during CPB; while in the pulsatile group, both BP and SVRI remained stationary. The difference of SVRI between the two groups was not significant within 30 minutes after initiation of CPB (3136 +/- 882 to 2536 +/- 530 dynes X sec X cm-5 X m2). Contrarily, it was significantly higher in the nonpulsatile group after 40 minutes of CPB (3748 +/- 562 to 2612 +/- 609 dynes X sec X cm-5 X m2, p less than 0.02) and thereafter. Oxygen consumption index (59.6 +/- 12.9 to 77.8 +/- 32.6 ml X min-1 X m-2) and carbon dioxide production index (41.1 +/- 16.0 to 59.3 +/- 28.1 ml X min-1 X m-2) measured 20 minutes after institution of CPB seemed lower in the nonpulsatile group than in the pulsatile group, but the differences were not statistically significant. Increased urine flow during CPB (1.8 +/- 1.1 to 6.3 +/- 3.8 ml X min-1 X m-2, p less than 0.001) with less variability indicated better reserve of renal function in the pulsatile group; and less percent change of postoperative sGOT from preoperative level (529.8 +/- 129.8 to 310.0 +/- 175.2%, p less than 0.005) also showed better hepatic function in the pulsatile group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6511818 TI - Thermographic evaluation of myocardial cooling and intraoperative control of graft patency in patients with coronary artery disease. AB - Intraoperative thermographic evaluation of regional myocardial cooling induced by cardioplegia, in patients with coronary artery disease, was conducted in 22 cases. Pictures were obtained at the beginning of the cardiopulmonary by-pass, after general cooling and during cardioplegic infusion. Uneven myocardial cooling was observed related to the degree of coronary artery stenosis. After the distal anastomosis of the saphenous vein by-pass graft was completed, injection of cold solution in to the graft showed marked cooling of the dependent myocardium, proving the patency of the graft. In the case of internal mammary artery graft (IMA), after the anastomosis was completed, releasing the bull-dog clamp on the IMA graft, allowed a flow of relatively warm (30 degrees C) blood in the anterolateral wall of the cold (20 degrees C) heart. A warm spot appeared in the thermographic pictures, assessing the patency of the IMA graft. Thermography appears to be a useful tool during myocardial revascularization in order to assess proper myocardial cooling during cardioplegia, and to check intraoperative patency of saphenous vein graft and IMA graft. The use of a special mirror prevents interference with the surgeon's work. PMID- 6511817 TI - Prosthetic valve replacement in infants and children. AB - A review of 41 children from 10 months to 16 years of age who had a valve replacement between the years 1966 to 1981 is reported. Sixty-one per cent of the valve deformities were rheumatic and 39% congenital. Twenty-two children had the mitral valve replaced, 14 had an aortic valve and 5 had both aortic and mitral valve replacement. There was a hospital mortality of 9.7% and only one later death during a mean follow up period of 6.75 years. Three children have required a second mitral valve replacement. Thrombo-embolic episodes were encountered in 4 children. The special problems of valve replacement in infants and children are discussed. PMID- 6511819 TI - Partial anomalous pulmonary venous return of an uncommon type. AB - We report a rare case of complete anomalous venous return from the right lung to the supradiaphragmatic part of the inferior vena cava, associated with sinus venosus atrial septal defect. The defect was corrected with direct reimplantation of the anomalous venous trunk into the left atrium and direct suture of the ASD. A good operative result was obtained. As a great variety of associative patterns between partial APVR and ASD exists in literature, we outline the necessity of an accurate pre- and intra-operative diagnosis, in order to achieve the most satisfactory surgical result. PMID- 6511820 TI - Atherosclerotic aneurysm of the deep femoral artery. AB - A rare case of acutely thrombosed atherosclerotic aneurysm of the deep femoral artery is herein described. A review of the literature revealed 12 other reported cases of deep femoral aneurysm. However none were treated by resection and replacement using a human umbilical vein graft which was chosen in the present case because the autogenous saphenous vein was not available. PMID- 6511821 TI - A new surgical technique for aneurysmal right atrium. AB - A new surgical technique for reduction in size of aneurysmal right atrium (ARA) is described. The extracorporeal perfusion is based on extrapleural single stage caval return and profound hypothermia, with circulatory arrest. This method enabled us to diminish the cavity dimensions in the presence of a giant friable ARA, by excising the thinned portion of the free atrial wall and double-layer closure of the remaining edges (close to the AV groove) to the crista terminalis. PMID- 6511822 TI - Stimulation of glycosaminoglycan production in murine tumors. AB - Three types of murine tumors, B-16 melanoma, A-10 carcinoma, and S-180 sarcoma, were shown to contain elevated glycosaminoglycan (GAG) concentrations in vivo as compared to normal muscle or subcutaneous tissue. Hyaluronate was especially concentrated in the A-10 carcinoma, which contained approximately six times more hyaluronate than subcutaneous tissue and 18 times more than muscle. In all three tumors, chondroitin sulfates, especially chondroitin-4-sulfate, were present in higher concentrations than in the normal tissues. In culture, however, all three tumor cell lines produced less than 5% as much GAG as mouse fibroblasts, when measured by incorporation of [3H] acetate or by chemical analysis. Varying the culture passage number or the medium composition, ie, glucose, serum, and insulin concentrations, had little effect on GAG synthesis by the tumor cells. The low GAG levels in the tumor cell cultures were not due to hyaluronidase activity in their media. In an attempt to mimic possible host-tumor cell interactions that could account for the elevated GAG levels in vivo, tumor cells were cocultured with fibroblasts, but no stimulation above the amount made by the tumor cells alone plus that by the fibroblasts alone was observed. Conditioned media from the tumor cells, either dialyzed or not against fresh complete medium, had no effect on fibroblast GAG synthesis. Tumor extracts, however, were found to stimulate synthesis of hyaluronate by fibroblasts. Stimulation by extracts of A-10 carcinoma was greater than and additive to that of serum. The above results strongly suggest that GAG production in these tumors is in part regulated by host tumor interactions. PMID- 6511823 TI - [Clinical and surgical anatomy of the lymphatic circulation of pancreas]. AB - Data was collected from results of injection and dissection of 100 autopsy specimens; the examination of 34 case-reports of cancer patients; the injection of lymphatics in 14 live dogs; and the reconstruction of the mesodorsal region of the pancreas from a 30 mm embryo using Born's technique. Anatomy of the pancreas and lymph vessels shows that the "primary mesodorsal region" of the pancreas is two-fold; a right part for the right side of pancreas: the retroportal process (RPP); a left part for the left side of pancreas, a formation not previously described: the left lateroportal process (LLPP). Whereas lymphatic drainage visible on the anterior surface of the pancreas is apparently as described, posterior drainage, which collects lymph from posterior and anterior vessels, is quite atypical. The right portion drains into the RPP and the left into the LLPP. Terminal collecting vessels of pancreatic lymphatics have only a short distance to travel before emptying into the thoracic duct. The study of lymph node metastases from pancreatic cancer appears to confirm these cadaver anatomic results but the series is too small for valid exploitation. The very rapid passage into the thoracic duct probably greatly diminishes the value of widely extended surgery, justification for the latter being exclusively to remove lymph nodes insofar as adjuvant therapy has currently failed to demonstrate absolute efficacy. Precise knowledge of the anatomy of the pancreatic lymphatics should allow development of experimental models to study lymph circulation changes during acute pancreatitis. Pancreatic edema, an enzyme-rich fluid, is an essentially "lymphatic" edema. The interstitial and lymphatic shunt pathways due to increased duct pressure were evident during the dog study. The lymphatic system acts as a "buffer system" or "safety valve" against progression to necrosis. Ligature of very proximal pancreatic lymphatic efferents (included in the bands) was followed by a fatal necrotic pancreatitis on both occasions when this was performed. Development and study of a lymphagogue drug for the treatment of acute pancreatitis is a justifiable project. A protocol is proposed which combines lymphagogue treatment with anti-enzymes, the former assists use of the enzymes by the lymphatic system. The anti-proteases prevent the onset of fatal shock caused by the outpouring of enzymes into the lymphatic system and the general circulation. PMID- 6511824 TI - [Treatment of bimalleolar fractures by centromedullary nailing of the fibula]. AB - An osteosynthesis technique involving nailing of the fibula was used to treat 106 bimalleolar fractures. Details of the technique used are described and results analyzed with respect to clinical course and radiologic findings. A generally favorable outcome was obtained. Nailing of the fibula provides a solid foundation, particularly in low and comminuted fractures. PMID- 6511825 TI - [Extra-anatomical shunts in the lower limbs. Apropos of a series of 51 consecutive cases]. AB - Indications for extra-anatomical shunts are defined on the basis of results of 51 consecutive operations. Axillo-uni or bi-femoral (AF) shunts (36 cases) and femoro-femoral (FF) shunts (15 cases) were performed in elderly men (74% over 60 years of age). These were patients in whom multiple affections (40 cases) or contraindications to direct local operations existed. The A-F were performed in either patients with chronic arteriopathies (2/3) or acute ischemic (6 cases) or infectious (4 cases) accidents. Immediate mortality (18%) was related to the age group. Of the 47 limbs to be saved, 36 were preserved up to the 30th day. Long term 2-year adjusted mortality was high (85%) because of the poor condition of the patients. The adjusted permeability level was 60% in survivors. The F-F were carried out in patients with either chronic arteriopathies or acute ischemic lesions. Immediate postoperative mortality was 13% and the early failure rate 25%. The long-term 4-year adjusted permeability level was 76%. All deaths were related to the atheromatous disease. These shunting operations remain complementary to conventional surgical procedures and should be reserved for cases such as those with obstacles to the direct reconstruction route or with generally very poor condition. PMID- 6511827 TI - [Hepatic resection as necessary in liver injuries]. AB - The fact that experience has been gained during four successive episodes since 1940 emphasizes the progress accomplished in the fields of therapeutic indications and surgical techniques for these lesions. Resection "on request" is effective both as therapy of hemorrhage and escape of bile: conducted under the control of regional hemostasis it is the most sparing of healthy parenchyma while being effective and complete. It can be adapted for emergency cases, or used as first intention surgery as well as in delayed cases or previously operated patients. Results are particularly interesting in the absence of associated lesions. PMID- 6511826 TI - [Peptic ulcer of the cologastric anastomosis in esophagoplasties]. AB - Two cases of cologastric anastomotic peptic ulcer after esophagoplasty for stenosis from caustic burns are reported, one developing 2 1/2 years and the other 12 years after operation. One case was treated by complex gastrocolic resection and the other by distal gastrectomy with ulcer excision and retrimming of the cologastric anastomosis. Long-term postoperative results were good. The different surgical procedures reported in the literature are discussed, and the value of combined gastrotomy and exploratory colotomy for detection of lesion extension emphasized. The preferred method is complex cologastric resection with conservation of the stomach in the digestive circuit. PMID- 6511828 TI - [Surgical treatment of inguinal hernia using a nylon mesh. Original technic apropos of a series of 208 surgically treated patients]. AB - The author describes an original surgical technique to cure inguinal hernias by means of a nylon mesh. Drawing his conclusions from 208 cases he has operated on, he explains the indications of his technique and indicates the results he has obtained. This material if perfectly well tolerated and the rate of recurrence is very low, lower than two percent. PMID- 6511829 TI - Separation of metallothionein into isoforms by column switching on gel permeation and ion-exchange columns with high-performance liquid chromatography-atomic absorption spectrophotometry. AB - Metallothionein in tissue supernatant was separated into isoforms by on-line switching from gel filtration to ion-exchange columns and the metals bound to the isoproteins were directly determined by using a flame atomic-absorption spectrophotometer as a specific detector for metals. Conditions for elution of the gel filtration column were established and Tris-HCl buffer solutions in low concentration were shown to be applicable to the column-switching experiment. The effects of pH, buffer and salt concentrations on the elution of metallothionein are discussed. PMID- 6511830 TI - Anomalies in the high-performance liquid chromatographic determination of diquat in water samples. PMID- 6511831 TI - Enantiomeric resolution of an optically active guanine derivative by high performance liquid chromatography with phenylalanine-Cu(II) in the mobile phase. PMID- 6511832 TI - Effect of precipitating agents on the analysis of metronidazole by high performance liquid chromatography. PMID- 6511833 TI - Separation of isotopically labeled vitamin D metabolites by high-performance liquid chromatography. PMID- 6511834 TI - High-performance liquid chromatographic analysis of rotenone and rotenonone in water by direct injection. PMID- 6511835 TI - Determination of 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole (amitrole) in urine by ion-pair high performance liquid chromatography. PMID- 6511836 TI - Use of liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry for the quantitation of dethiobiotin and biotin in biological samples. PMID- 6511837 TI - Use of perfluorinated carboxylic acids in the separation of aminoglycoside antibiotics by ion-pair reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. PMID- 6511839 TI - Direct determination of D-panthenol in pharmaceutical preparations by ion-pair chromatography. PMID- 6511838 TI - Purification of chymotrypsin and trypsin by column chromatography on agar gel particles. PMID- 6511840 TI - New reagent for the detection of sesquiterpene lactones by thin-layer chromatography. PMID- 6511841 TI - Electrochemical detection of cyanogenic glycosides after enzymatic post-column cleavage. AB - Crude and partly purified extracts from Helix pomatia and linamarase from cassava were immobilized on columns packed with porous glass or silica and used as post column reactors in the high-performance liquid chromatography of cyanogenic glycosides. Sodium hydroxide (2 M) was added to the flowstream after the enzyme reactor resulting in the formation of cyanide, which was then detected at a silver electrode by an amperometric measurement at 0 V with reference to a silver silver chloride electrode. The selective detection of cyanide allows measurements in a complex matrix. The response is linear and the detection limit is in the low picomole range. PMID- 6511842 TI - Cyanogenic glycosides and cyanohydrins in plant tissues. Qualitative and quantitative determination by enzymatic post-column cleavage and electrochemical detection, after separation by high-performance liquid chromatography. AB - A rapid, simple and reproducible high-performance liquid chromatography procedure is described for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of mixtures of cyanogenic glycosides. The separation is achieved by means of a reversed-phase (C8) column eluted with a phosphate buffer, pH 5.0, containing either 15 or 7.5% (v/v) methanol, 7.5% being necessary for resolution of epimeric pairs of the more hydrophilic glycosides. When this separation is combined with enzymatic post column cleavage and electrochemical detection of the cyanide formed, a highly specific and very sensitive system is obtained. The method was applied to cyanogenic glycosides in crude plant tissue extracts, and compared with both a thin-layer chromatographic method and to a traditional determination of total cyanide released after hydrolysis. Sensitivity, selectivity and accuracy were found sufficient to enable its routine use for analysis of food and fodder samples, for example. Cyanohydrins could be detected qualitatively. PMID- 6511843 TI - Gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric profiling with negative-ion chemical ionization detection of prostaglandins and their 15-keto and 15-keto-13,14 dihydro catabolites in rat blood. AB - A method was set up in which the primary prostaglandins (PGF2 alpha, PGD2, PGE2, thromboxane B2, 6-keto-PGF1 alpha and 6-keto-PGE1) and their catabolites (15-keto and 15-keto-13,14-dihydro) could be analyzed in the same sample at the same time. The method makes use of long capillary columns (60 m) to resolve the complex mixture during gas chromatography and mass fragmentography to provide the specificity of detection of these products. Selectivity and sensitivity is provided through use of appropriate derivatives (pentafluorobenzyl esters) which allow detection by negative-ion chemical ionization in which high-abundance fragments in the high end of the mass spectrum (M-pentafluorobenzyl) are observed. A purification procedure of whole blood is described involving diethyl ether extraction, C18 Sep-Pak chromatography, derivatization into the pentafluorobenzyl-O-methyloxime, C18 Sep-Pak and silicic acid chromatography followed by final derivatization into trimethylsilyl ethers for gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric analysis. Recovery of added [3H]PGF2 alpha was 73.8 +/- 2.2% (n = 10). Sample workup and analysis takes ten days for six samples. The method is sufficiently sensitive for the profiling of a 10-ml sample of whole blood (limit approximately 1 pg/ml; 1-pg injection on column). PMID- 6511844 TI - Derivatization and mass spectrometric behaviour of catecholamines and their 3-O methylated metabolites. AB - A method has been developed for the derivatization of both catecholamines (dopamine, noradrenaline and adrenaline) and their 3-O-methylated metabolites (3 methoxytyramine, normetanephrine and metanephrine) in a single run. The compounds were first incubated with methanolic hydrochloric acid to methylate those compounds that contain a benzylic hydroxyl group and were subsequently converted into their pentafluoropropionyl derivatives. The derivatives thus prepared, showed good gas chromatographic and electron-impact mass spectrometric properties and can be analysed in a single gas chromatographic run. The effect of the derivatization on exchange reactions in the aromatic ring was investigated because standard compounds with deuterium label in that part of the molecule are often used in isotope dilution measurements. The exchange of deuterium for hydrogen in the aromatic ring under derivatization conditions was found to be limited. PMID- 6511845 TI - Quantification by selected ion monitoring of pipecolic acid, proline, gamma aminobutyric acid and glycine in rat brain. AB - A procedure for the simultaneous analysis of brain pipecolic acid, proline, gamma aminobutyric acid and glycine--amino acids with potent inhibitory actions on the central nervous system--was developed. The identification and quantification of the amino acids were performed with a gas chromatographic--mass spectrometric- computer system using deuterium-labelled amino acids as the internal standards. After separation of the amino acids by high-performance liquid chromatography, the methyl ester heptafluorobutyryl derivatives were prepared. The lower limit of quantification for this method is at the picomole level. The usefulness of this chromatographic procedure has been demonstrated by measurement of trace amounts of pipecolic acid in rat brain. PMID- 6511846 TI - Differentiation between Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans and Haemophilus aphrophilus based on carbohydrates in lipopolysaccharide. AB - In the present study, the closely related facultative, Gram-negative rods, Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans and Haemophilus aphrophilus, were distinguished taxonomically by means of their carbohydrate composition in phenol extracted lipopolysaccharide. Both A. actinomycetemcomitans and H. aphrophilus lipopolysaccharide contained rhamnose, fucose, galactose, glucose, L-glycero-D mannoheptose, galactosamine, and glucosamine. The content of galactose was approximately twice as high in lipopolysaccharide from H. aphrophilus as in lipopolysaccharide from A. actinomycetemcomitans. D-Glycero-D-mannoheptose was detected exclusively in lipopolysaccharide from A. actinomycetemcomitans where it constituted 11.8-16.7% of the sugar content. This aldoheptose may therefore serve as a marker for chemotaxonomic differentiation between A. actinomycetemcomitans and H. aphrophilus. The present study also describes fragmentation of methylheptoside derivatives of trifluoroacetic acid (D-glycero- and L-glycero-D mannoheptose) from A. actinomycetemcomitans as suggested by mass spectrometry. PMID- 6511847 TI - High-performance liquid chromatographic method for screening disorders of aromatic acid metabolism using a multi-detection system. AB - This paper describes the use of a high-performance liquid chromatograph equipped with an ultraviolet multi-detection system for the analysis of aromatic acids to help establish a high-risk screening system for disorders of organic acid metabolism. The peak height ratios of about seventy metabolically important aromatic acids have been compiled using the multi-detection system. It may be possible to identify aromatic acids by comparing retention time and peak height ratios. The method was very effective for the diagnosis of disorders of aromatic acid metabolism. PMID- 6511849 TI - Faecal lipid chromatography. I. Quantitative determination with chromarods. AB - A new and original method is proposed for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of faecal lipids by thin-layer chromatography and detection through the flame ionization detector of an analyser (the Iatroscan TH 10). This method enables the rapid quantification of the different faecal lipid classes, including cholesterol, with great accuracy and reproducibility. In-series operations are possible with easy manipulation. PMID- 6511848 TI - Non-radiochemical procedure for the measurement of O-methylation of the stereoisomers of isoprenaline. AB - A non-radiochemical procedure has been developed which permits the separation and measurement of isoprenaline (ISO) and the O-methylated metabolite, 3 methoxyisoprenaline (MeOISO). This methodology employs alumina chromatography and toluene solvent extraction to separate the catecholamine, ISO, from the O methylated derivative, MeOISO. High-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection has been used to quantify these compounds. The biological application of this procedure includes the evaluation of O-methylation of the stereoisomers of ISO by intact tissues. PMID- 6511850 TI - Improved gas-liquid chromatographic method for the determination of baclofen in plasma and urine. AB - A simple, rapid and sensitive assay for baclofen analysis has been developed. Baclofen and the internal standard are analyzed by gas-liquid chromatography with electron-capture detection after esterification of the carboxyl group to the butyl ester and acylation of the amino group to the pentafluoropropionylamide. Recovery from biological matrixes is accomplished by ion-pair extraction. The limit of quantitation of the entire assay as stated is about 10 ng/ml baclofen in plasma. PMID- 6511851 TI - Determination of ethylenediamineplatinum(II) malonate in infusion fluids, human plasma and urine by high-performance liquid chromatography. AB - A selective and convenient high-performance liquid chromatographic assay was developed for ethylenediamineplatinum(II) malonate (JM-40) in plasma ultrafiltrate and urine. A mu Porasil silica column (30 cm) was used with acetonitrile-water (90:10, v/v) as the mobile phase and the elution of compounds was monitored by ultraviolet absorbance at 214 nm. A linear dynamic range of at least three decades (1-1000 micrograms/ml) was achieved. The detection limit in plasma ultrafiltrate was 0.35 micrograms/ml. The stability of JM-40 was determined in 0.9% sodium chloride, 5% glucose, plasma ultrafiltrate and urine. More stable drug solutions were obtained with 5% glucose than with 0.9% sodium chloride. JM-40 was also determined in plasma ultrafiltrate and urine samples of one patient receiving short-term infusions of the drug. In plasma ultrafiltrate unmetabolized JM-40 was detected during the first 5 h after administration and had a half-life of 21.3 +/- 1.6 min. The parent drug was excreted in the urine in rapidly decreasing amounts. Eighteen per cent of the dose was recovered as unmetabolized drug during the first 6 h. PMID- 6511852 TI - Rapid and sensitive determination of acetylsalicylic acid and its metabolites using reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. AB - A rapid and sensitive high-performance liquid chromatographic technique was developed for the simultaneous determination of gentisic acid, salicyluric acid, acetylsalicylic acid and salicylic acid in plasma and serum. The method involved a single deproteinization step and separation using a reversed-phase column eluted with a buffered methanol (35%) mobile phase. Detection was achieved with a variable-wavelength ultraviolet detector set at 235 nm and a given chromatographic analysis could be completed in less than 10 min. The method was tested in both human and animal (rat) models given a single dose of acetylsalicylic acid. PMID- 6511853 TI - Determination of bromopride in human plasma and urine by high-performance liquid chromatography. AB - Bromopride was measured in plasma and urine using reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography employing ultraviolet absorption detection. The limit of detection in plasma was 2 ng/ml, sufficient for pharmacokinetic studies of the drug. Plasma concentrations of bromopride reached mean peak levels (55 ng/ml) at 1 h after single oral doses of 20 mg and declined with a half-life of 4.9 h. Less than a mean of 10% of an oral dose was excreted unchanged in the urine. The assay could also be used to measure metoclopramide in these bio-fluids. PMID- 6511854 TI - Simultaneous determination of fifteen steroid hormones from a single serum sample by high-performance liquid chromatography and radioimmunoassay. PMID- 6511855 TI - Histamine assay in tears by fluorescamine derivatization and high-performance liquid chromatography. PMID- 6511856 TI - Measurement of prolidase activity in erythrocytes using isotachophoresis. PMID- 6511857 TI - Plasma cyclophosphamide assay by selective ion monitoring. PMID- 6511858 TI - Determination of fenfluramine and norfenfluramine in plasma using a nitrogen sensitive detector. PMID- 6511859 TI - Analysis of p-hydroxyphenytoin in microsomal reactions by high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. PMID- 6511860 TI - Silica gel high-performance liquid chromatography for the simultaneous determination of propranolol and 4-hydroxypropranolol enantiomers after chiral derivatization. PMID- 6511861 TI - Determination of aminoglutethimide and N-acetylaminoglutethimide in human plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography. PMID- 6511862 TI - Simple and rapid high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the analysis of sulfinpyrazone and four of its metabolites in human plasma. PMID- 6511863 TI - Rapid high-performance liquid chromatographic analysis of oxaprozin, a non steroidal anti-inflammatory agent. PMID- 6511864 TI - Rapid method for the determination of either piroxicam or tenoxicam in plasma using high-performance liquid chromatography. PMID- 6511865 TI - Elevated concentrations of leukotriene D4 in pulmonary edema fluid of patients with the adult respiratory distress syndrome. AB - The possible contribution of metabolites of arachidonic acid to the increased permeability of the alveolar-capillary barrier in the adult respiratory distress syndrome was examined by quantifying the pulmonary edema fluid concentrations of lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase products. The concentration of leukotriene D4 in pulmonary edema fluid of 10 patients with the adult respiratory distress syndrome (18.5 +/- 6.8 pmol/ml; mean +/- SD), assessed by specific radioimmunoassay after isolation of the mediator, was significantly higher (P less than 0.001) than that of five patients with cardiogenic pulmonary edema (4.4 +/- 1.1 pmol/ml). The concentrations of leukotrienes B4 and C4, prostaglandin E2, and thromboxane B2 in edema fluid were not significantly different in the adult respiratory distress syndrome patients than in the other subjects with pulmonary edema. The edema fluid concentration of leukotriene D4 correlated with the ratio of edema fluid to plasma concentrations of albumin (r = 0.64). Leukotriene D4 thus may contribute to the permeability defect which allows an accumulation of protein-rich alveolar fluid in the adult respiratory distress syndrome. PMID- 6511866 TI - Candida pseudotropicalis fungemia and invasive disease in an immunocompromised patient. AB - A case of Candida pseudotropicalis fungemia and invasive disease in an immunocompromised patient is reported. Multiple blood cultures taken over a 2 week period were positive, and histopathological slides of postmortem spleen and kidney tissue showed tissue invasion by the organism. The source of the yeast infection was determined to be the urinary tract. This is the first report of C. pseudotropicalis fungemia documented by culture. PMID- 6511867 TI - Rapid presumptive recognition of diarrhea-associated adenoviruses. AB - The quantity of adenoviruses in a diarrhea stool provided a strong presumptive indication of the presence or absence of an adenovirus from subgenus F or G (proposed species 40 or 41). These adenoviruses were found in the stools of 91% of 56 acutely ill diarrhea patients with one or more than one adenovirus particle per min of direct electron microscopic viewing, as compared with 40% of 20 acutely ill diarrhea patients with less than one detected adenovirus particle per min of viewing. PMID- 6511868 TI - O:13a,13b, a new pathogenic serotype of Yersinia enterocolitica. AB - Forty strains of a new Yersinia enterocolitica serotype isolated in the United States from nonhuman primates and humans were characterized as serotype O:13a,13b. Most of the human strains were isolated from a large multistate outbreak of milkborne enteritis. A common antigenic factor between this new serotype and four previously described Y. enterocolitica (O:7,13; O:18; O:44; and O:44,45) led to recharacterization of the latter as serotypes O:7,13a,13b; O:18,13b; O:44,13a; and O:44,13a,45. PMID- 6511869 TI - Bacteriology of the teeth from a great white shark: potential medical implications for shark bite victims. AB - Bacteria were cultured for the first time from the teeth of a great white shark (Carcharodon carcharias). Isolates included Vibrio alginolyticus, Vibrio fluvialis, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, and other genera. All are common in the marine environment and some may be associated with wound infections in humans. Shark bite lacerations may serve as a source of these potentially infectious bacteria, particularly Vibrio spp., and should be treated immediately. Antibiotic susceptibility patterns are shown for representatives of Vibrio isolates and indicate that a variety of new agents may be appropriate chemotherapy for shark bite victims. PMID- 6511870 TI - Concentration and identification of Cryptosporidium sp. by use of a parasite concentrator. AB - A new disposable plastic tube device and technique for ovum and parasite concentration, with upper and lower chambers separated by a fine screen, was compared with the standard gauze and open-funnel filtration technique as well as with the technique of direct smearing with an acid-fast stain. The new concentrator was distinctly superior to gauze filtration in concentrating Cryptosporidium sp. oocysts. Processing time was reduced. The new technique was less messy and as a closed system was considered to be much safer than gauze filtration. PMID- 6511872 TI - Evaluation of the Rapid Strep system for the identification of clinical isolates of Streptococcus species. AB - A total of 247 strains of streptococci isolated from humans were tested for identification in the Rapid Strep system. The identification rates and identification levels were different for each Streptococcus species. Our data indicate that the Rapid Strep system will identify nearly all the beta-hemolytic Streptococcus species if serological procedures are used in conjunction with the rapid physiological procedures. Of the group D streptococci, 98% of the enterococci and 95% of the non-enterococci were correctly identified. Of the commonly occurring viridans species, 85% were correctly identified, but only 10% of the less frequently occurring viridans species were identified. A total of 90% of the Streptococcus pneumoniae and 60% of the Aerococcus strains were correctly identified. PMID- 6511871 TI - Comparison of media for isolation of Ureaplasma urealyticum and genital Mycoplasma species. AB - A total of 484 frozen patient specimens originally positive for Ureaplasma urealyticum or Mycoplasma spp. or both were recultured, and the results were compared on the following media: Shepard's A7 agar, modified phenol red-urea, SP 4-urea, modified phenol red-arginine, and SP-4-arginine broths. Of 351 specimens positive for U. urealyticum, 30 (8.5%) were detected only in one or more of the broth media, whereas 117 (33%) were positive only on A7 agar. Separate use of the SP-4-urea broth or modified phenol red-urea broth isolated all but 1 and 2, respectively, of the negative A7 agar cultures. Of the 76 specimens positive for large colony Mycoplasma spp., 58 (76.3%) were not grown on the primary plating (A7) agar. Of 73 broth isolates, 73 (100%) grew in SP-4-arginine broth, and 64 (87.7%) grew in modified phenol red-arginine broth. Modified SP-4 broth appears to be a useful supplement to the A7 plating medium commonly used in the diagnostic laboratory for the isolation of U. urealyticum and Mycoplasma spp. PMID- 6511873 TI - Effect of D-tryptophan on hemolysin production in Vibrio parahaemolyticus. AB - Production of the Kanagawa hemolysin by a strain of Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolated from a gastroenteritis patient was found to correlate with the presence in cell lysates of two unidentified compounds, designated X and Y. The two compounds were present in cell lysates of the organism grown in peptone at the optimal pH for hemolysin synthesis but were not present when cell lysates were grown in peptone at a constant pH of 8.0. They were also absent in cells grown in synthetic medium at pH 6.2 without the addition of D-tryptophan, a condition under which hemolysin is not produced. Both X and Y were present intracellularly only from the time that D-tryptophan was added to synthetic medium, a known method of inducing hemolysin synthesis. PMID- 6511874 TI - Clinical evaluation of precipitin tests for genital actinomycosis. AB - A precipitin test system for antibodies against Actinomyces israelii, comprising a combination of counterimmunoelectrophoretic and crossed immunoelectrophoretic gel techniques, was evaluated for its clinical usefulness in diagnosing genital actinomycosis. A total of 263 serum samples from healthy women and women with proven actinomycosis, A. israelii-associated salpingitis, other gynecological infections, or miscellaneous gynecological diseases were analyzed. Six different precipitins could be detected. Five precipitins were defined as specific for actinomycosis, whereas one was found to occur nonspecifically in women with gynecological infections. The specificity of the test system for the detection of cases of genital actinomycosis was 98%, and the sensitivity was 83%. The accuracy was 100% for negative prediction and 45% for positive prediction. Thus, the test was shown to be valuable for a noninvasive diagnosis of genital actinomycosis. PMID- 6511876 TI - Prevalence of gram-negative bacilli in nares and on hands of pharmacy personnel: lack of effect of occupational exposure to antibiotics. AB - Exposure to antibiotics alters host flora and facilitates colonization by gram negative bacilli (GNB). This may be important among pharmacy personnel, who have frequent contact with antibiotics and who have sometimes been suspected of inadvertently introducing GNB into parenteral solutions during admixture. We evaluated the risk of colonization by GNB, especially by tribe Klebsielleae (TK) which can proliferate in intravenous fluids, by culturing the hands and nares of 98 pharmacy personnel and 56 control subjects. Four culture surveys of pharmacy personnel yielded mean isolation rates of 79 and 52% for GNB and TK, respectively, from hands and 12 and 6.7% for GNB and TK, respectively, from nares; these rates did not differ significantly from those for control subjects (P greater than 0.1). The frequency with which pharmacy personnel performed antibiotic admixture did not significantly affect the rate of isolation of GNB or TK (P greater than 0.2). No multiresistant strains were isolated, and susceptibility patterns were similar for GNB species from pharmacy personnel and controls. These data indicate that occupational exposure of pharmacy personnel to antibiotics is not of sufficient magnitude to increase rates of nasal colonization or hand contamination with GNB. PMID- 6511875 TI - Comparison of lysis-centrifugation with lysis-filtration and a conventional unvented bottle for blood cultures. AB - Evaluation of a commercially available lysis-centrifugation blood culture system (Isolator, DuPont Co., Wilmington, Del.) and a lysis-filtration blood culture system for 3,111 cultures showed that both methods had comparable recoveries (73 and 68%, respectively) of significant aerobic and facultatively anaerobic isolates. The unvented conventional blood culture bottle had a recovery rate of 59%. Although the lysis-centrifugation and lysis-filtration systems had comparable recoveries of pathogens, the lysis-centrifugation system had the advantage of having colonies immediately available for further testing. The contamination rate with the lysis-centrifugation system was 3%, compared with 6% with the lysis-filtration system and 0.4% with brain heart infusion. PMID- 6511877 TI - Carrier rate of Streptococcus suis capsular type 2 in palatine tonsils of slaughtered pigs. AB - Palatine tonsils of 143 slaughtered pigs aged 4 to 6 months were investigated for the presence of Streptococcus suis type 2. Slices (50 micron) of frozen tonsils were cultured on a selective agar medium containing antibodies against S. suis type 2 in which colonies of this bacterium showed a halo of immunoprecipitation. When tonsils were sectioned in one plane S. suis type 2 was found in 45 of 143 pigs (32%). This percentage increased to 50% when tonsils were sectioned in more then one plane, which was done on 55 tonsils. The first 45 strains showing a ring of immunoprecipitation were studied and found to be biochemically identical to our reference strain 735 (de Moor) and to 23 isolates from human patients with meningitis. In slices incubated for 24 h at 37 degrees C on selective agar plates and stained with hematoxylin and eosin after fixation, it could be demonstrated that S. suis type 2 was confined to the crypt lumen. The same was true in sections fixed directly (without incubation) that were stained by an indirect immunoperoxidase method with a rabbit anti-S. suis type 2 serum. PMID- 6511878 TI - Characteristics of an unclassified Mycobacterium species isolated from patients with Crohn's disease. AB - The characteristics of an unclassified Mycobacterium sp. isolated from three patients with Crohn's disease are presented. The organism is extremely fastidious and mycobactin dependent and may require up to 18 months of incubation for primary isolation. Colony morphology is rough. Characteristics are unlike those of any presently defined species. The isolates produced postive niacin, catalase, and 2-week arylsulfatase reactions and were susceptible to neotetrazolium chloride (1:40,000), streptomycin (2 micrograms/ml), and rifampin (0.25 micrograms/ml). Chromogenicity, nitrate reduction, quantitative catalase, Tween hydrolysis, urease, tellurite reduction, pyrazinamidase, and 3-day arylsulfatase tests were negative, and the isolates were resistant to thiophene-2-carboxylic acid hydrazide (10 micrograms/ml) and isoniazid (10 micrograms/ml). Optimum growth in broth was determined to be in 7H9 medium with Dubos oleic albumin complex, Tween 80, and mycobactin J at 37 degrees C without CO2 or agitation and in low medium depth. This Mycobacterium sp. may be a subspecies or biovariant of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis, or it may represent a new species of Mycobacterium. It is suggested that this Mycobacterium sp. may play an etiological role in some cases of Crohn's disease. PMID- 6511879 TI - Plesiomonas shigelloides in acute cholecystitis: a case report. AB - Plesiomonas shigelloides was isolated as the sole pathogen from gallbladder bile and wall in a 58-year-old woman with acute cholecystitis. The patient developed an unusual postoperative complication characterized by culture-negative discharge from the wound in combination with extensive abdominal cellulitis and afebrility. Agglutinating antibodies to P. shigelloides were demonstrated in the serum of the patient by the microscopic Widal agglutination test. PMID- 6511880 TI - Improved biotyping schemes for Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli. AB - Campylobacter jejuni (20 strains) and Campylobacter coli (12 strains) were assigned to four biovars for each species based on phenotypic tests that were easy to perform and interpret. The resulting biotyping schemes offer a greater degree of distinction among C. jejuni and C. coli strains than any of the other biotyping schemes previously described for these organisms. PMID- 6511882 TI - Prosthetic valve endocarditis caused by group Ve-1 bacteria (Chromobacterium typhiflavum). AB - A case of fatal prosthetic valve endocarditis was caused by group Ve-1 bacteria. Bacteriological characteristics and antibiotic susceptibilities are presented, as well as a brief discussion of the isolates of the Ve-1 organism in Ontario. PMID- 6511881 TI - Role of Chlamydia trachomatis in acute pharyngitis in young adults. AB - It has recently been suggested that Chlamydia trachomatis may be a common cause of acute pharyngitis in adults. In a prospective investigation of 95 college students with acute pharyngitis, C. trachomatis was not isolated from any pharyngeal cultures. Further investigations are needed to better define the role of C. trachomatis in upper respiratory tract infections. PMID- 6511883 TI - Rapid determination of 5-fluorocytosine levels in blood. AB - Levels of 5-fluorocytosine in blood were rapidly calculated by determining the amount of competition in the creatinine iminohydrolase (creatinine deiminase; EC 3.5.4.21) assay for creatinine with the Kodak Ektachem system (Eastman Kodak Co., Rochester, N.Y.). The correlation with bioassay values was extremely high (r = 0.982). Standards and samples were highly stable over time. PMID- 6511884 TI - Serotyping and serology studies of campylobacteriosis associated with consumption of raw milk. AB - A community outbreak of 15 cases of gastroenteritis was traced to consumption of unpasteurized milk produced at one commercial dairy. Using two different testing schemes, we found that a Campylobacter jejuni isolate from an ill patient and an isolate from a sick cow were the same serotype. Bacteriological studies suggested that a single epidemic strain of Campylobacter jejuni caused this outbreak. PMID- 6511886 TI - Fine structures in the light diffraction pattern of striated muscle. AB - Single skeletal muscle fibres of frog were illuminated with a He-Ne, argon-ion or rhodamine 6G dye laser. The fine structures lying within the diffraction columns moved parallel to the fibre axis without changing their pattern when either the wavelength or the incident angle of the laser beam was varied, or when the fibre was stretched slightly. However, their pattern remained nearly constant when the fibre was submerged in hypotonic or hypertonic solution. As the illumination of about 1 mm or 0.1 mm width scanned along the length of the fibre, new structures emerged while others faded away giving rise to the notion that the diffraction columns were moving in the direction of the scan. A decrease in the illumination width caused the structures lying on the periphery of the diffraction column to disappear and the width of the remaining structures to increase. Measurements rule out the existence of large diffraction planes in these muscles. In addition, they indicate that the fine structures come from the diffraction of the whole rather than independent components of the illuminated volume. The origin of the fine structures is explained by two diffraction models. PMID- 6511887 TI - An intensity expression of optical diffraction from striated muscle fibres. AB - From a simple statistical argument, an intensity expression was formulated for optical diffraction from striated muscle fibres. In terms of the reciprocal space coordinate (phi, mu) which corresponds to the real space coordinate (r, phi, x)(the x-axis being parallel to the fibre axis), the intensity I(mu, phi) is given by (formula; see text) where R is the radius of a fibril, J1(z) is the first-order Bessel function, L(mu) is the Laue function for sarcomere repeat along the x-axis, F(mu) is the unit cell (or sarcomere) structure factor, psi(mu, phi) is the structure factor for fibril arrangement in the fibre, 2 delta 2 is the variance of out-of-register of fibrils in the x-axis, P is the total number of fibrils in the fibre and Peff is the number of fibrils in an effective range Reff of short range order in a cross-section of the fibre. The quantity psi(mu, phi) expresses the volume effect emphasized from formulation based on the Bragg plane concept. Simulation of the intensity distribution of diffraction lines will be given and an application of the model will be discussed. A reciprocal space representation will also be given of diffraction for a 'tilt' Bragg plane model. PMID- 6511885 TI - Creatine kinase as an intracellular regulator. AB - Several recent studies have demonstrated the presence of creatine kinase and of phosphorylcreatine in a variety of cells besides striated muscle and brain cells. The total creatine kinase and phosphagen levels in these cells encompass a wide range of values. The available data are collected in this article to demonstrate that the variation of the enzyme and phosphagen concentrations is not random but that the two are interrelated. With both the major isoenzymes of creatine kinase, namely the muscle type and the brain type, the basal levels of phosphorylcreatine follow closely the cellular creatine kinase levels. A hypothesis is presented in which the enzyme itself is the major determinant of phosphorylcreatine content by virtue of its ability to act as an intracellular binding protein for creatine derived from extracellular fluid, and also for cellular ADP. The proposed mechanism further predicts that in cells that contain high levels of actin and thus sequester the cytoplasmic free ADP (e.g. most muscle cells), a high level of creatine kinase can effectively regulate the myokinase reaction by its ability to bind ADP. The net effect of such regulation is to conserve the adenine nucleotide pools in the cell. The evolutionary advantage of these two regulatory functions of creatine kinase in terms of energy conservation is discussed. PMID- 6511888 TI - Comment on 'Geometrical constraints affecting crossbridge formation in insect flight muscle'. PMID- 6511889 TI - Serum antibodies against glycosphingolipids in chronic relapsing experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. Demonstration by ELISA and relation to serum in vivo demyelinating activity. AB - Sera from guinea pigs with spinal cord-induced chronic relapsing experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (crEAE) were tested for IgG antibodies against glycosphingolipids (GSL; galactocerebroside, ganglioside GM1, sulfatide) by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and for in vivo demyelinating activity by infusion into the lumbosacral subarachnoid space of normal rats. In chronic stage crEAE sera (40-200 days after sensitization) a high incidence (21/26) and high titers (up to 1:2560) of antibodies against one or more GSL coincided with a high incidence (22/26) of in vivo demyelinating activity. These results suggest an involvement of antibodies against various GSL in the process of demyelination. PMID- 6511890 TI - Detection and identification of virus-specific, oligoclonal IgG in unconcentrated cerebrospinal fluid by immunoblot technique. AB - A technique is described which allows the detection of virus-specific oligoclonal IgG in unconcentrated cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from patients with virus infections of the central nervous system. CSF is isoelectrically focused in agarose gels and immunoglobulins are blotted to nitrocellulose filters, passively loaded with either anti-human IgG or viral antigen. Transferred total IgG, as well as virus-specific IgG, is identified by the use of peroxidase-labelled anti human IgG and 4-chloro-1-naphthol as a precipitating peroxidase substrate. Application of this assay in cases of SSPE, mumps meningitis and herpes simplex encephalitis demonstrates sensitivity and possible suitability of this technique for use in diagnosis of virus infections of the CNS. PMID- 6511891 TI - Development of the distal femoral epiphysis: a microscopic morphological investigation of the zone of Ranvier. AB - The distal femoral epiphysis, physis, and contiguous metaphysis were examined radiographically, morphologically, and histologically in 97 human specimens ranging in age from 9 prenatal weeks to 16 postnatal years. The earliest development of the femoral anlage was characterized by patterns of appositional and interstitial chondrogenesis throughout its entire structure. Once central endochondral ossification began, chondrogenic interstitial and appositional growth became regionally restricted to the femoral epiphyses. Interstitial chondrogenesis became limited to the germinal region of the developing physis, and appositional chondrogenesis was restricted to the region of loosely packed cells of the perichondrial ossification zone of Ranvier. Appositional chondrogenesis within the perichondrium appears to make its greatest contribution to transverse expansion of the distal femoral epiphysis during the first 5 months of gestation. After the sixth month of gestation, the perichondrial appositional growth contribution appears to decline steadily. PMID- 6511892 TI - Incidence, natural history, and treatment of scoliosis in Friedreich's ataxia. AB - We carried out a retrospective study of 42 patients with documented Friedreich's ataxia to answer four questions: what is the incidence and natural history of scoliosis in Friedreich's ataxia, and what are the results of operative and nonoperative treatment? We concluded that the incidence of scoliosis in true Friedreich's ataxia is extremely high. The curves tend to progress with the severity of the disease and often tend to progress after skeletal maturity. Bracing and electrospinal instrumentation have no role in treatment. Patients with progressive curves should have early surgical stabilization. PMID- 6511893 TI - A study of postural equilibrium in idiopathic scoliosis. AB - The relationship between upright static and dynamic equilibrium function and idiopathic scoliosis was investigated using a seven-part postural equilibrium test battery. Twenty-three normal subjects and 31 subjects with differing degrees of idiopathic scoliosis participated in the study. No significant difference was found among any of the subtest scores of the normal and scoliotic groups. Subtest scores were not significantly correlated with curve measurements. Curve measurements and subjects' ages proved to have some effect on subtest scores, but other unknown factors accounted for a greater percentage of score variance. The existence of a clinically measurable deficit in upright static and dynamic equilibrium in idiopathic scoliosis could not be proven. Further investigation is suggested to identify the factors that affect equilibrium scores. If these factors could be identified, the test battery might serve as a tool for the examination of female patients with idiopathic scoliosis. PMID- 6511894 TI - Brachial plexus birth palsy: a 10-year report on the incidence and prognosis. AB - Sixty-one cases of brachial plexus birth palsies were documented in 30,451 live births at Kaiser Foundation Hospital, San Francisco, between January 1972 and December 1982, for an incidence of 2.0/1,000 births. Thirty-eight patients were evaluated in follow-up ranging from 1 year to 11 years 6 months. Associated birth traumas include facial palsy, clavicle fracture, arm ecchymosis, and cephalohematoma. The prognosis was excellent, with full recovery in 95.7% of cases. The presence of a palsy did not preclude the development of dominant use of the extremity. Right-handedness was noted in 73% of right-sided palsies. This study showed that the incidence of palsies has not declined in the past 10 years. Risk factors and associated birth injuries were similar to those in other reports. The severity of palsies has lessened, and early recovery is usual. PMID- 6511895 TI - Myositis ossificans of the upper extremity: a long-term follow-up. AB - The long-term results of nonoperative treatment of myositis ossificans traumatica have been infrequently reported. We reviewed 83 cases of myositis ossificans seen at the Mayo Clinic from 1950 to 1979 in patients up to 21 years of age. The upper extremity was involved in 31 patients. Follow-up averaged 13 years for 23 of the (74%) patients studied. Football injuries had occurred in 20 of these patients, and the diagnosis was made an average of 3.3 weeks from the time of the initial injury. Observation was the only treatment in 18 of the 31 cases. At follow-up two-thirds of the patients with upper extremity involvement had no problems associated with the disorder, and one-third described some difficulties. Nonoperative treatment remains an accepted management approach for this problem. PMID- 6511896 TI - The pediatric T-supracondylar fracture. AB - T-supracondylar fractures of the humerus occur rarely in children compared with the adult variety. Sixteen such fractures treated at the Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario between 1975 and 1983 are described. There were nine male and seven female patients, 7-17 years old. All fractures were displaced, two were open, and one patient had an associated radial nerve palsy. All cases were managed by open reduction, internal fixation, and early mobilization. Follow-up revealed no cases of functional disability despite significant loss of motion in two patients. The conservative approach should be abandoned in these intraarticular injuries, and good operative results can be anticipated. PMID- 6511897 TI - Posterior capsulotomy for the treatment of severe flexion contractures of the knee. AB - Twenty-nine patients (42 knees) with severe flexion contracture of the knee (average 69 degrees) were treated by posterior capsulotomy followed by traction and/or casting. Twenty patients (28 knees) had poliomyelitis. After a follow-up of 21/2 years, 39 knees were corrected to less than 15 degrees of flexion. All of the patients except one were able to ambulate using a knee-ankle-foot orthosis, with or without crutches. Complications included skin necrosis in nine patients, recurrence in six, hypertension in three, and peroneal nerve palsy in one. The rate of complication was less in patients with poliomyelitis. This method is recommended for the treatment of severe flexion contracture of the knee, especially in patients with poliomyelitis, but is not recommended in patients with insensitive skin. PMID- 6511898 TI - Management of the resistant myelodysplastic or arthrogrypotic clubfoot with the Verebelyi-Ogston procedure. AB - The Verebelyi-Ogston (V-O) procedure, consisting of subchrondral excision of the talus and cuboid, was used for the treatment of 13 resistant clubfeet secondary to myelomeningocele or arthrogryposis. Nine feet were initially satisfactory, but the condition recurred in both feet of one patient after bracing was discontinued 3 years postoperatively. Three feet were graded as satisfactory after a second V O procedure, and one after a third. The procedure must be monitored by intraoperative fluoroscopy or radiography, and followed by orthotic support. Despite the theoretical long-term disadvantage of incongruent joint surfaces, we consider the V-O procedure to be a good method for the treatment of this subset of rigid neuropathic clubfeet. PMID- 6511899 TI - Hereditary tendo Achillis contractures. AB - A study was performed on eight patients with tendo Achillis contractures. Family histories were obtained and a short regimen of casting was performed. Hereditary tendo Achillis contracture is an autosomal dominant condition with variable expression. It is a relatively benign condition that is both a cosmetic and functional problem for the patient. The disorder responds well to a short course of casting. Follow-up exercises are necessary to maintain normal ankle motion and heel strike during gait. Operative treatment was not necessary in these patients. PMID- 6511900 TI - Pre- and postoperative gait analysis in patients with spastic diplegia: a preliminary report. AB - The benefits of using computerized gait analysis to plan and evaluate operations were assessed by studying the data from 20 children with spastic diplegia and examining the changes in estimated external work of walking, stride length, walking velocity, and joint rotations pre- and postoperatively. Of the 20 patients, 13 improved, 6 were unchanged, and 1 was worse. None of the patients walked in a crouch postoperatively. By clinical evaluation, 19 of the 20 patients were better. Thus objective gait analysis imposed much more stringent criteria for improvement. Computerized gait analysis has enabled us to be more objective in the evaluation and documentation of outcome. PMID- 6511901 TI - Metaphysis in Perthes disease: a method of assessment and selection for treatment. AB - Following the study of metaphyseal changes of Perthes disease in 100 children (126 hips), a method of selection for containment or weight-bearing was evolved by measuring, on standard anteroposterior radiographs, metaphyseal expansion and correlating this with metaphyseal decalcification. Lateral cortical decalcification of the metaphysis indicates a vulnerable hip, which must be contained until the lesion has recalcified; otherwise, weight-bearing will not affect the result. Seventy hips have been managed by this method. Sixteen were treated by containment for greater than or equal to 20 weeks. Ten were untreated. The four poor results were associated with weight-bearing when the hip was vulnerable. PMID- 6511902 TI - Radiographic comparison of adductor procedures in cerebral palsied hips. AB - Hip muscle imbalance in cerebral palsy may cause subluxation or dislocation. Pelvic radiographs were used to assess hip stability in 40 affected hips before and after open adductor surgery. Preoperative rates of hip migration were determined from radiographs using the center-edge angle and migration percentage. Either an open adductor tenotomy with partial obturator neurectomy or a posterior adductor transfer was performed. Follow-up averaged 5 years, with a reversal of preoperative lateral hip migration in 36 of 40 hips. There was no statistically significant difference in the radiographic outcome of the two procedures. Lateral hip migration can be arrested or reversed with properly timed hip adductor surgery. PMID- 6511903 TI - Slipped capital femoral epiphysis: factors affecting shear forces on the epiphyseal plate. AB - Very little is known regarding the magnitude of physiological shear forces in the normal capital femoral epiphyseal plate. Changes in these forces related to deformities in the proximal femur have been postulated to increase significantly the shear forces and predispose to slipped epiphysis. By force analysis techniques, a three-dimensional model has been developed to study the change in shear forces that might be expected from abnormal angulation in the frontal and sagittal planes. This study suggests that within the range of normal activity, shear forces on the epiphyseal plate are well below the critical values required to cause a slip. Angular deformities of up to 30 degrees in either the frontal or sagittal planes, by themselves, are unlikely to raise these forces to a critical value. PMID- 6511904 TI - Plastic bowing of the femur in a neonate. AB - Acute plastic bowing injuries in children characteristically heal with little periosteal callus and exhibit a limited potential to remodel. A case of plastic bowing of the femur in a neonate is reported in which follow-up radiographs demonstrated periosteal new bone formation and rapid remodeling of the deformity. This report suggests that plastic bowing injuries in the neonate show a greater remodeling potential than similar lesions in older children. PMID- 6511905 TI - Entrapment of the median nerve after dislocation of the elbow. AB - An unusual case of posterior dislocation of the elbow, complicated by entrapment of the median nerve, is reported. Entrapment occurred in the reduction of an associated medial humeral epicondyle fracture. Because the nerve was not in the joint, differentiating the entrapment from a nerve traction injury was difficult. Careful diagnosis and delayed specific surgery can secure an excellent outcome. PMID- 6511906 TI - Iatrogenic false aneurysm in slipped capital femoral epiphysis. AB - A 15-year-old male underwent pinning of bilateral grade III slipped capital femoral epiphyses. The pins were left long, and on one side a false aneurysm subsequently formed. If pins are placed anteriorly, protrusion should be kept to a minimum. PMID- 6511907 TI - Triple prevention of congenital dislocation of the hip. AB - Triple prevention of congenital dislocation of the hip consists of (a) examining newborns so as to apply treatment as early as possible in symptomatic and suspected cases, (b) regular diapering in abduction of all presumably healthy hips by means of soft abduction pants so as to direct possible cases of dysplasia toward normal development, and (c) reexamination of these hips until the child can walk so as to discover missed cases. Primary treatment of diagnosed and suspected hip dislocations consists of immediate application of a Frejka splint and abduction exercises, followed by a radiograph at the age of 4 months. Persistence of any clinical symptom for 3 weeks requires intensification of treatment by use of the Pavlik harness. PMID- 6511908 TI - Instrument to enhance passage of the Gigli saw. AB - A new instrument designed to enhance use of the Gigli saw is particularly valuable in performing pelvic and long-bone osteotomies. This instrument has a dual function in aiding the passage of the Gigli saw and as a periosteal elevator. Design, implementation, and procedures are outlined with illustrations. PMID- 6511909 TI - Slipped capital femoral epiphysis: case 2. PMID- 6511910 TI - Hepatic messenger ribonucleic acid activity profiles in experimental azotemia in the rat. Relationship to food intake and thyroid function. AB - We have studied the hepatic messenger RNA (mRNA) activity profile in chronically azotemic rats and sought to determine whether the observed changes could be mediated either by reduced food intake or diminished thyroid function at the tissue level. mRNA activity profiles were produced by two-dimensional gel electrophoretic separation of radioactively labeled products of an in vitro reticulocyte lysate system which had been programmed by hepatic RNA. Of the approximately 240 translational products identified in this system, seven sequences were consistently altered in azotemia. In pair-fed animals six of these also decreased, but the alterations in three were depressed to a significantly lesser extent in the pair-fed group. Moreover, analysis of covariance suggested that food intake could account for the differences in only one sequence. The possibility that the mRNA activity profile in azotemia could represent the effects of diminished thyroid function was minimized by the finding that the reductions in plasma thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) levels observed were due largely to reduced plasma protein binding, with maintenance of the mean free T4 and free T3 concentrations within the normal range. The changes in only one mRNA sequence could be related to free T3 levels alone. Our findings, therefore, indicate that although diminished food intake and reduced thyroid function may contribute to some of the observed changes in the mRNA activity profiles, the bulk of alterations in azotemia appear to be mediated by other mechanisms. The striking overlap between the sequences affected by azotemia and pair-feeding raises the speculation that altered gene expression in azotemia may reflect an impaired hepatic response at the pretranslational level to metabolic signals associated with food intake. PMID- 6511911 TI - Adaptation of Na+-H+ exchange in renal microvillus membrane vesicles. Role of dietary protein and uninephrectomy. AB - The ablation of renal mass and institution of a high protein diet both lead to renal cortical hypertrophy and increased glomerular filtration rate (GFR). We studied Na+ transport in rat microvillus membrane vesicles isolated from uninephrectomized or sham operated rats fed 6% (low), 24% (standard), or 40% (high) protein diets. The feeding of high protein, as compared with low protein, was associated with a 50% increase in rates of pH-stimulated 22Na+ transport in isolated vesicles from sham and uninephrectomized animals. Values for the standard protein diet were intermediate to values for high and low protein. At each level of dietary protein intake, vesicular Na+ transport was greater in the uninephrectomized than in sham rats. The high protein diet was also associated with increased vesicular 22Na+ flux inhibitable by 1 mM amiloride. Increases in total and amiloride sensitive flux were also noted in the absence of a pH gradient. Conductive Na+ and H+ transport were not altered, nor were sodium glucose and sodium-alanine cotransport. Kinetic studies revealed evidence for an increased Vmax of Na+-H+ exchange in uninephrectomized animals fed a 40 vs. a 6% protein diet whereas Km was unchanged. Supplements of NaHCO3 in the 40% protein diet, to adjust for an increased rate of net acid excretion, did not prevent the increased rates of Na+-H+ exchange. However, treatment with actinomycin D (0.12 mg/kg) prevented the increased Na+-H+ activity as well as the increased renal mass and GFR noted 24 h after unilateral nephrectomy. Na+-H+ exchange rate was closely correlated with GFR (r = 0.961; P less than 0.005) and renal mass (r = .986; P less than 0.001). These observations provide evidence for modification of the luminal membrane Na+-H+ exchanger in response to changes in dietary protein content and nephron number. PMID- 6511912 TI - Relationship of oxygen and glutathione in protection against carbon tetrachloride induced hepatic microsomal lipid peroxidation and covalent binding in the rat. Rationale for the use of hyperbaric oxygen to treat carbon tetrachloride ingestion. AB - CCl4 exerts its toxicity through its metabolites, including the free radicals CCl3. and CCl(3)00.. Oxygen strongly inhibits the hepatic cytochrome P-450 mediated formation of CCl3. from CCl4 and promotes the conversion of CCl3. to CCl(3)00.. Both these free radicals injure the hepatocyte by causing lipid peroxidation and binding covalently to cell structures. A reduced glutathione (GSH)-dependent mechanism can protect the liver microsomal membrane against CCl4 induced damage under aerobic conditions but not under anaerobic conditions (Burk, R.F., K. Patel, and J.M. Lane, 1983, Biochem. J., 215:441-445). Experiments were carried out using rat liver microsomes to examine the effect of O2 tensions found in the liver and of GSH on CCl4-induced covalent binding and lipid peroxidation. An NADPH-supplemented microsomal system was used. CCl4 or 14CCl4 was added to the sealed flask that contained the system, and after 20 min CHCl3 production, thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (an index of lipid peroxidation), and covalent binding of 14C were measured. O2 tensions of 0, 1, 3, 5, and 21% were studied. Increases in O2 tension caused a fall in CHCl3 production, which indicated that it decreased CCl3.. GSH had no significant effect on CHCl3 production at any O2 tension. Lipid peroxidation and covalent binding of 14C fell progressively as O2 tension was increased from 1 to 21%. The addition of GSH decreased both lipid peroxidation and covalent binding, but did so better at the higher O2 tensions than at the lower ones. These results indicate that low O2 tensions such as are found in the centrilobular areas of the liver favor conversion of CCl4 to free radical products which cannot be detoxified by the GSH dependent mechanism. They suggest that hyperbaric O2 might decrease free radical formation in the liver in vivo and promote formation of CCl(3)00. from CCl3.. This should result in diminished CCl4-induced lipid peroxidation and liver damage. Rats given CCl4 (2.5 ml/kg) were studied in metabolic chambers. Production of CHCl3 and ethane, the latter an index of lipid peroxidation, were measured. Rats in two atmospheres of 100% O2 produced much less CHCl3 and ethane than rats in air. This strongly suggests that hyperbaric O2 is decreasing free radical formation from CCl4 and/or promoting the formation of CCl(3)00. from CCl3.. These results provide the rationale for the use of hyperbaric O2 in the treatment of CCl4 ingestion. PMID- 6511913 TI - Volume-independent reductions in glomerular filtration rate in acute chloride depletion alkalosis in the rat. Evidence for mediation by tubuloglomerular feedback. AB - We have recently described reduced superficial nephron glomerular filtration rate (SNGFR) in chloride-depletion alkalosis (CDA) without volume depletion. To elucidate the mechanism of this phenomenon, we studied three degrees of increasing severity of CDA (groups CDA-1, 2, and 3) produced by one or two peritoneal dialyses against 0.15 M NaHCO3 and electrolyte infusions of different Cl and HCO3 content in Sprague-Dawley rats; control rats (CON) were dialyzed against and infused with Ringers-HCO3. Extracellular fluid (ECF) volume was assessed by blood pressure, hematocrit, plasma protein concentration, and 125I albumin space; none of these variables differed among the four groups. Micropuncture of the latest proximal and earliest distal convolutions was carried out. As CDA intensified from CON to CDA-3 (plasma tCO2 25 +/- 1 to 43 +/- 1 meq/L; P less than 0.01), distally determined SNGFR declined progressively (40.9 +/- 1.7 to 28.3 +/- 1.8 nl/min; P less than 0.01), while in early distal tubule fluid, flow rate (8.6 +/- 0.7 to 3.4 +/- 0.6 nl/min) and Cl concentration (36 +/- 2 to 19 +/- 3 meq/L) decreased and osmolality (110 +/- 5 to 208 +/- 12 mosmol/kg) increased (P less than 0.01), and, in the loop segment, Cl reabsorption decreased progressively (2,009 +/- 112 to 765 +/- 128 peq/min; P less than 0.01). In early distal tubule fluid, Cl concentration correlated positively and osmolality negatively with distally determined SNGFR (P less than 0.05). Proximally determined SNGFRs did not differ among the four groups. Proximal tubule stop-flow pressure responses to increasing rates of orthograde perfusion of the loop segment from 0 to 40 nl/min did not differ between groups CON and CDA-2. We interpret these data to show that reductions in SNGFR in CDA in the rat can occur by tubuloglomerular feedback (TGF) in the absence of differences in ECF volume or of alterations in TGF sensitivity during metabolic alkalosis. Of the proposed signals for TGF sensed by the macula densa, distal tubule fluid osmolality or some related variable is the signal most compatible with our data. PMID- 6511914 TI - Use of carbon monoxide to measure luminal stirring in the rat gut. AB - We used carbon monoxide (CO) as a probe to quantitatively measure intestinal unstirred water layers in vivo. CO has several features that make it uniquely well suited to measure the unstirred layer in that its tight binding to hemoglobin makes uptake diffusion limited, and its relatively high lipid solubility renders membrane resistance negligible relative to the water barriers of the unstirred layer and epithelial cell. The unique application of CO was the measurement of the absorption rate of CO both from the gas phase as well as a solute dissolved in saline. Several lines of evidence showed that a gut stripped free of saline and then filled with gas contained a negligible unstirred layer. Thus, absorption of CO from the gas phase measured resistance of just the epithelial cell. Subtraction of this value from the resistance of CO absorption from saline provided a direct measure of unstirred layer resistance. Studies in the rat showed for a 3-min absorption period that the conventionally calculated apparent unstirred layer for the jejunum was 411 micron and for the colon was 240 micron. However, this conventionally calculated unstirred layer resistance did not truly depict the situation in the rat gut, since there was a continuing depletion of CO from outer surfaces of luminal contents throughout the experiment period. This produced a continually increasing diffusion barrier with time. Calculation of expected absorption rate from unstirred cylinders with the dimensions of the rat gut indicated that there was virtually no stirring in the small intestine and minimal stirring in the colon. The technique described in this paper appears to be simpler and to require fewer assumptions for validity than other techniques previously used to measure unstirred layers in vivo. PMID- 6511915 TI - Baroreflex impairment precedes hypertension during chronic cerebroventricular infusion of hypertonic sodium chloride in rats. AB - Osmotic minipumps were implanted chronically for continuous 11-d infusion of hypertonic sodium chloride (NaCl) into the third cerebral ventricle (ICV) of awake rats to determine whether baroreflex sensitivity would be altered. Systolic and mean pressures, recorded from aortic catheters on day 11 while the rats were anesthetized with alpha-chloralose, were significantly higher in rats infused with artificial cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) containing hypertonic NaCl than in controls similarly infused with artificial CSF alone. Reflex changes in heart rate produced by subsequent intravenous infusions of either phenylephrine or sodium nitroprusside were inhibited, but reflex changes in renal nerve activity were unaltered. Magnitude of reflex bradycardia during pressor responses to phenylephrine, as well as of reflex tachycardia during depressor responses to sodium nitroprusside, was consistently smaller in NaCl-infused than in control rats. By contrast, group differences in attendant renal nerve firing were not significant. After sinoaortic denervation, drug-induced blood pressure effects persisted, but reflex responses in heart rate and renal nerve firing were abolished or markedly diminished. Peripheral effects produced by hypertonic NaCl leakage from the infusion site were considered unlikely because after 11 d of ICV infusion, sodium concentration, though appreciably elevated in CSF samples collected from the cisterna magna, was unaffected in corresponding serum samples. When cardiovascular responses to phenylephrine were recorded while chronic ICV infusions were in progress, awake rats receiving hypertonic NaCl were still normotensive on day 2 yet reflex bradycardia was already attenuated. In showing that baroreflex impairment preceded the development of hypertension, our results suggest that by depressing the anterior hypothalamus, chronic ICV infusion of hypertonic NaCl reduces sympatho-inhibition, and the ensuing baroreflex impairment then elevates blood pressure. However, other mechanisms could also be involved. PMID- 6511916 TI - Modulation of the immune response by gangliosides. Inhibition of adherent monocyte accessory function in vitro. AB - Gangliosides are potent inhibitors of lymphoproliferative responses. Selectively greater inhibitory effects of gangliosides on antigen-induced (vs. mitogen induced) proliferation have been documented; e.g., 50 nmol of highly purified bovine brain gangliosides (BBG)/ml caused greater than or equal to 87% inhibition of proliferative responses of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) to three soluble specific antigens (Candida, streptokinase-streptodornase, and tetanus toxoid) vs. less than or equal to 37% inhibition of responses to three nonspecific mitogens (phytohemagglutinin, concanavalin A, and pokeweed mitogen). The possibility that BBG interfere with adherent monocyte accessory function, upon which responses to soluble specific antigens are strictly dependent, was therefore considered. PBMC were separated into the adherent and nonadherent subpopulations, exposed to BBG, recombined, and their proliferative responses were measured. Unseparated PBMC preincubated for 48-72 h with 100 nmol BBG/ml and then washed to remove unbound BBG exhibited 73-76% inhibition of subsequent antigen-induced lymphoproliferation. Separate pretreatment of both adherent and nonadherent cell subpopulations in BBG under the same conditions resulted in similar (72-82%) inhibition, which was reproduced by preincubation of only the adherent cells in BBG. Preincubation of only the nonadherent cells in BBG was not inhibitory. Inhibition (a) was independent of whether gangliosides were added in solution or incorporated into liposomes, (b) was abrogated by adding untreated monocytes to cultures containing adherent cells that were preexposed to BBG (excluding the possibility that BBG was inducing suppression mediated by adherent cells), and (c) was reversible by further incubation of BBG-pretreated adherent cells in control medium. Together, these results delineate a mechanism by which gangliosides modulate lymphoproliferative responses--direct, noncytotoxic, and ultimately reversible inhibition of the accessory function of adherent monocytes. PMID- 6511917 TI - Monocyte function in the acquired immune deficiency syndrome. Defective chemotaxis. AB - The ineffective immune response in patients with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) contributes to severe and widespread infections and unrestricted growth by certain tumors. To determine whether monocyte dysfunction contributes to this immunosuppressed condition, we investigated monocyte chemotaxis in patients with AIDS. Using three different chemotactic stimuli, N formylmethionylleucylphenylalanine, lymphocyte-derived chemotactic factor, and C5a des Arg, we studied the chemotactic responses of monocytes from seven homosexual men with AIDS, three homosexuals with lymphadenopathy and an abnormal immunological profile, seven healthy homosexual men, and 23 heterosexual control individuals. Monocytes from each of the AIDS patients with Kaposi's sarcoma and/or opportunistic infection exhibited a marked reduction in chemotaxis to all stimuli compared with the healthy control subjects. The reduced chemotactic responses were observed over a wide range of concentrations for each stimulus. Monocytes from AIDS patients who had clinically apparent opportunistic infection(s) exhibited a greater reduction in monocyte migration to all three stimuli than monocytes from the AIDS patient with only Kaposi's sarcoma. Monocytes from each of three homosexuals with lymphadenopathy and an abnormal immunological profile exhibited decreased chemotactic responses that were intermediate between those of the AIDS patients and the healthy heterosexual control subjects. In contrast to these findings, monocytes from each of seven healthy homosexuals exhibited normal chemotactic responses to the same stimuli. In addition, monocytes from AIDS patients exhibited reduced chemotaxis to soluble products of Giardia lamblia, one of several protozoan parasites prevalent in AIDS patients. Thus the immune abnormality in AIDS, previously thought to involve only the T-, B-, and natural killer lymphocytes, extends to the monocyte-macrophage. Defective monocyte migratory function may contribute to the depressed inflammatory response to certain organisms and to the apparent unrestricted growth of certain neoplasms in patients with AIDS. PMID- 6511918 TI - Arginine, an indispensable amino acid for patients with inborn errors of urea synthesis. AB - The role of arginine as an essential amino was evaluated in four children with one of the deficiencies of carbamyl phosphate synthetase, ornithine transcarbamylase, argininosuccinate synthetase, and argininosuccinase. Within 15 68 h after arginine deprivation nitrogen accumulated as ammonium or glutamine or both, but glutamine was quantitatively the largest nitrogen accumulation product. Concomitantly plasma and urinary urea levels decreased. Resumption of arginine intake (or citrulline in the case of ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency) promptly led to correction of the hyperammonemia, hyperglutaminemia and hypoargininemia. Ornithine was an unsatisfactory substitute for arginine. Arginine deprivation did not interfere with carbamyl phosphate synthesis as manifested by orotic aciduria. It is concluded that arginine is an indispensable amino acid for children with inborn errors of ureagenesis and its absence results in the rapid onset of symptomatic hyperammonemia. PMID- 6511919 TI - Altered vitamin B12 metabolism in fibroblasts from a patient with megaloblastic anemia and homocystinuria due to a new defect in methionine biosynthesis. AB - Cultured fibroblasts from a recently described patient with homocystinuria and megaloblastic anemia of infancy without methylmalonic aciduria were previously shown to have normal cobalamin uptake and a specific decrease in the proportion of intracellular methylcobalamin. As in control cells but unlike in those from patients with combined homocystinuria and methylmalonic aciduria (cobalamin C and cobalamin D), accumulated 57Co-labeled cobalamin was bound in appropriate amounts and proportion to intracellular binders which are known to be the two vitamin B12 dependent enzymes, methionine synthetase and methylmalonyl-CoA mutase. Despite the association of a normal quantity of intracellular cobalamin with methionine synthetase, the proportion of intracellular cobalamin which was methyl-B12 was below normal and in the range observed in cobalamin C and D cells. This methyl B12 was decreased by exposure of fibroblasts in culture to nitrous oxide as was observed with control cells. Exposure of control fibroblasts during culture, but not of fibroblasts from this patient, to nitrous oxide significantly reduced the holoenzyme activity of methionine synthetase assayed in cell extracts. In addition, although methionine synthetase activity in cell extracts of control and cells from the patient were similar in the presence of standard assay concentrations of thiols, at low thiol concentrations, methionine synthetase activity in extracts of cells from the patient was much lower than in control extracts. Mixing of control patient extracts corrected this decreased activity in excess of that explained by addition of the individual activities added. The defect of this patient appears to be in a reducing system required for methionine synthesis. PMID- 6511920 TI - Dexamethasone regulation of glycosaminoglycan synthesis in cultured human skin fibroblasts. Similar effects of glucocorticoid and thyroid hormones. AB - The effects of dexamethasone on glycosaminoglycan accumulation were examined in confluent human skin fibroblasts in vitro. The glucocorticoid consistently inhibited the incorporation of either [3H]acetate or [3H]glucosamine into hyaluronate when added to culture medium 72 h before harvest. This effect was half-maximal at approximately 1 nM and maximal at 5-10 nM. Inhibition occurred within 5 h of hormone addition and was near maximal by 25 h. 11 alpha hydrocortisone (10 nM), deoxycorticosterone (10 nM), and progesterone (100 nM) failed to inhibit this accumulation; however, progesterone (2 microM), a known glucocorticoid antagonist at high concentration, could attenuate the response to dexamethasone by 57%. Cultures were pulse-labeled and then chase incubated for up to 68 h. No difference in the rate of [3H]hyaluronate degradation could be demonstrated in steroid-treated cultures. Triiodothyronine (T3) can also inhibit synthesis of hyaluronate in fibroblasts (Smith, T. J., Y. Murata, A. L. Horwitz, L. Philipson, and S. Refetoff, 1982, J. Clin. Invest., 70:1066-1073). Both T3 and dexamethasone could inhibit glycosaminoglycan accumulation in a dose-dependent manner. Maximal T3 effects were achieved at 1 nM and those of dexamethasone at 10 nM. Saturating concentrations of T3 and dexamethasone added alone inhibited [3H]hyaluronate by 54 and 49%, respectively. When both hormones were added, accumulation was inhibited by 84%. Dexamethasone inhibits [3H]hyaluronate accumulation in a time, dose-dependent, and stereo-specific manner. The rate of glycosaminoglycan degradation was unaffected, and thus, the steroid inhibited the rate of macromolecular synthesis. This effect was likely mediated through glucocorticoid receptors. Hyaluronate synthesis in skin fibroblasts appears to be regulated by both glucocorticoids and T3 through different pathways. PMID- 6511922 TI - Metabolism of apolipoprotein B in large triglyceride-rich very low density lipoproteins of normal and hypertriglyceridemic subjects. AB - The metabolic fate of very low density lipoprotein can be examined by following the transit of its apolipoprotein B moiety through the delipidation cascade, which leads to low density lipoprotein. In this study we have used cumulative flotation ultracentrifugation to follow the metabolism of various lipoprotein subclasses that participate in this process in normal, hypertriglyceridemic (Type IV), and dysbetalipoproteinemic (Type III) subjects. Large triglyceride-rich very low density lipoproteins of Svedberg units of flotation (Sf) 100-400 were converted virtually quantitatively in normal subjects to smaller Sf 12-100 remnant particles. Only a minor fraction appeared thereafter in low density lipoproteins (Sf 0-12), most being removed directly from the plasma. Type IV hyperlipoproteinemic individuals converted the larger Sf 100-400 very low density lipoproteins to intermediate particles at approximately 50% of the control rate but thereafter their metabolism was normal (fractional clearance of Sf 12-100 particles in controls, 1.29 +/- 0.23 pools/d; in Type IV hypertriglyceridemics, 1.38 +/- 0.23 pools/d; n = 4 in each case). Since the apolipoprotein B in large triglyceride-rich particles did not contribute significantly to the mass of the low density lipoprotein apoprotein pool, the latter must come largely from another source. This was examined by following the metabolic fate of small very low density lipoproteins of Sf 20-60 or of the total lipoprotein spectrum of d less than 1.006 kg/liter (approximate Sf 20-400). The small particles were rapidly and substantially converted to low density lipoproteins, suggesting that the major precursor of the latter was to be found in this density range. Whereas only 10% of apolipoprotein B in Sf 100-400 lipoproteins reached the low density lipoprotein flotation range, greater than 40% of Sf 20-100 B protein eventually appeared in Sf 0-12 particles; and when very low density lipoprotein of d less than 1.006 kg/liter is used as a tracer of apolipoprotein B metabolism it is primarily this population of small very low density lipoprotein particles in the Sf 12-100 flotation range that is labeled. A detailed examination was made of apolipoprotein B metabolism in three dysbetalipoproteinemic subjects. The plasma clearance curves of their Sf 100-400 lipoproteins were distinctly biphasic. The quickly decaying component converted rapidly into remnants of Sf 20-60 at a near normal rate (0.56 vs. 0.62 pools/d in normal subjects). Its subsequent processing, however, was retarded. The more slowly catabolized fraction, comprising 30% of the total apolipoprotein B radioactivity, had no counterpart in normal or Type IV hyperlipoproteinemic individuals. These data, taken together, suggest that the very low density lipoprotein consists of a complex mixture of particles with different origins and fates. Within the Sf 20-100 flotation range there are at least two subcomponents. One represents remnants of larger triglyceride-rich particles which are catabolized slowly and feeds little apolipoprotein B into low density lipoprotein. The other is apparently secreted directly into this flotation interval and transfers significant amounts of B protein rapidly into Sf 0-12 lipoproteins. PMID- 6511921 TI - Apolipoprotein A and B (Sf 100-400) metabolism during bezafibrate therapy in hypertriglyceridemic subjects. AB - This study describes the effects of bezafibrate, an analogue of clofibrate, on the plasma lipid and lipoprotein profiles of 11 hypertriglyceridemic subjects and on their metabolism of apolipoproteins A-I, A-II, and B. The major action of the drug was to lower plasma triglyceride (by 58%; P less than 0.01). This was accompanied by a reduction in the level of very low density lipoprotein apoprotein B (Svedberg units of flotation [Sf] 60-400), whose mean residence time in the plasma fell threefold (from 3.4 to 1.0 h). Synthesis of the B protein in this fraction was not significantly altered, so the drug acts to accelerate the transit of very low density lipoprotein particles down the delipidation cascade. The metabolism of very low density lipoprotein remnant apoprotein B (Sf 12-100) changed little in response to treatment, although we detected a 30% increment (P less than 0.05) in the plasma concentration of this fraction. The mean residence time of these remnant particles in the plasma did not correlate with that of Sf 100-400 very low density lipoprotein apoprotein B, nor was this parameter altered by the drug. The most consistent and significant perturbation seen in the Sf 0-12 fraction (low density lipoprotein) was a reduction in the fractional catabolism of its apoprotein B moiety (26%; P less than 0.05). In those subjects who were grossly hypertriglyceridemic and who responded well to treatment, the level of this protein rose substantially owing to a combined increase in its synthesis and a reduction in its catabolism. In the group as a whole, high density lipoprotein cholesterol rose 13% (P less than 0.02), and detailed examination showed that this was associated with a small but significant increment in the plasma concentration of the high density lipoprotein subfraction 2. High density lipoprotein subfraction 3 also rose on the average, but this was not a consistent feature in all patients. The plasma concentrations and turnovers of the A proteins (A-I and A-II) were not significantly altered by bezafibrate therapy. PMID- 6511923 TI - Single cell origin of multilineage colonies in culture. Evidence that differentiation of multipotent progenitors and restriction of proliferative potential of monopotent progenitors are stochastic processes. AB - In this paper, we report analysis of differentiation in human hemopoietic colonies derived from a single cell. Cord blood mononulear cells and panned My-10 antigen-positive bone marrow and cord blood cells were plated in methylcellulose medium containing erythropoietin and conditioned medium. Initially, we performed mapping studies to identify candidate colony-forming cells. Subsequently, using a micromanipulator, we transferred single cells individually to 35-mm dishes for analysis of colony formation. Cellular composition of the colony was determined by identifying all of the cells in the May-Grunwald-Giemsa stained preparation. Of 150 single candidate cells replated, 63 produced colonies. The incidences of single lineage colonies included 19 erythroid, 17 monocyte-macrophage, and 9 eosinophil colonies. There were 18 mixed hemopoietic colonies consisting of cells in two, three, four, and five lineages in varying combinations. In some instances, we noted the predominance of one lineage and the presence of very small populations of cells in a second or third lineage. These results provide evidence for the single-cell origin of human multilineage hemopoietic colonies, and are consistent with the stochastic model of stem cell differentiation in man. They also indicate that restriction of the proliferative potential of committed progenitors is a stochastic process. PMID- 6511924 TI - Regulation of biliary cholesterol secretion in the rat. Role of hepatic cholesterol esterification. AB - Although the significance of the enterohepatic circulation of bile salts in the solubilization and biliary excretion of cholesterol is well established, little is known about the intrahepatic determinants of biliary cholesterol output. Studies were undertaken to elucidate some of these determinants in the rat. Feeding 1% diosgenin for 1 wk increased biliary cholesterol output and saturation by 400%. Bile flow, biliary bile salt, phospholipid and protein outputs remained in the normal range. When ethynyl estradiol (EE) was injected into these animals, biliary cholesterol output decreased to almost normal levels under circumstances of minor changes in the rates of biliary bile salt and phospholipid outputs. Similarly, when chylomicron cholesterol was intravenously injected into diosgenin fed animals, biliary cholesterol output significantly decreased as a function of the dose of chylomicron cholesterol administered. Relative rates of hepatic cholesterol synthesis and esterification were measured in isolated hepatocytes. Although hepatic cholesterogenesis increased 300% in diosgenin-fed animals, the contribution of newly synthesized cholesterol to total biliary cholesterol output was only 19 +/- 9%, compared with 12 +/- 6% in control and 15 +/- 5% in diosgenin fed and EE-injected rats. The rate of oleate incorporation into hepatocytic cholesterol esters was 30% inhibited in diosgenin-fed rats. When EE was injected into these animals, the rate of cholesterol esterification increased to almost 300%. To investigate further the interrelationship between hepatic cholesterol esterification and biliary cholesterol output, we studied 21 diosgenin-fed rats. Six of them received in addition EE and 10 received chylomicron cholesterol. The relationships between biliary cholesterol output as a function of both microsomal acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) activity and hepatic cholesterol ester concentration were significantly correlated in a reciprocal manner. From these results it is concluded that the size of the biliary cholesterol precursor pool can be rapidly modified through changes in the activity of the hepatic ACAT. PMID- 6511928 TI - Mutual collaboration between child psychiatry and pediatrics: resistances and facilitation. AB - The relationship between child psychiatry and pediatrics has been explored for several decades. The foci of this paper are methods of facilitating mutual collaboration and ways of preventing, or at least reducing, common resistances to mutual collaboration between the two disciplines. Unconscious motivations for choosing a career in pediatrics or psychiatry and basic differences in approach to a problem are discussed. A clinical vignette is presented as an example of a good collaborative effort. Basic steps for developing a Pediatric Consultation/Liaison Service are described. The positive aspects and rewards of achieving good mutual collaboration between pediatrics and child psychiatry are presented. PMID- 6511926 TI - Effect of monocyte migration on low density lipoprotein transport across aortic endothelial cell monolayers. AB - Endothelial cell monolayers on polycarbonate filters present a barrier to low density lipoprotein (LDL) and albumin transport. These cells form a relatively tight monolayer as shown by measurements of electrical resistance across the monolayer (15 omega-cm2). Monocytes are able to migrate freely across the monolayers in response to chemotactic stimuli. Monocyte chemotaxis across the monolayer caused a marked increase in LDL and albumin transport across the monolayer in the direction of monocyte migration. However, transport in the opposite direction was not significantly increased. These results suggest that monocyte migration across the endothelium could lead to an increased LDL content of the intima. PMID- 6511925 TI - Role of counterregulatory hormones in the catabolic response to stress. AB - Patients with major injury or illness develop protein wasting, hypermetabolism, and hyperglycemia with increased glucose flux. To assess the role of elevated counterregulatory hormones in this response, we simultaneously infused cortisol (6 mg/m2 per h), glucagon (4 ng/kg per min), epinephrine (0.6 microgram/m2 per min), and norepinephrine (0.8 micrograms/m2 per min) for 72 h into five obese subjects receiving only intravenous glucose (150 g/d). Four obese subjects received cortisol alone under identical conditions. Combined infusion maintained plasma hormone elevations typical of severe stress for 3 d. This caused a sustained increase in plasma glucose (60-80%), glucose production (100%), and total glucose flux (40%), despite persistent hyperinsulinemia. In contrast, resting metabolic rate changed little (9% rise, P = NS). Urinary nitrogen excretion promptly doubled and remained increased by approximately 4 g/d, reflecting increased excretion of urea and ammonia. Virtually all plasma amino acids declined. The increment in nitrogen excretion was similar in three additional combined infusion studies performed in 3-d fasted subjects not receiving glucose. Cortisol alone produced a smaller glycemic response (20-25%), an initially smaller insulin response, and a delayed rise in nitrogen excretion. By day 3, however, daily nitrogen excretion was equal to the combined group as was the elevation in plasma insulin. Most plasma amino acids rose rather than fell. In both infusion protocols nitrogen wasting was accompanied by only modest increments in 3-methylhistidine excretion (approximately 20-30%) and no significant change in leucine flux. We conclude: (a) Prolonged elevations of multiple stress hormones cause persistent hyperglycemia, increased glucose turnover, and increased nitrogen loss; (b) The sustained nitrogen loss is no greater than that produced by cortisol alone; (c) Glucagon, epinephrine, and norepinephrine transiently augment cortisol-induced nitrogen loss and persistently accentuate hyperglycemia; (d) Counterregulatory hormones contribute to, but are probably not the sole mediators of the massive nitrogen loss, muscle proteolysis, and hypermetabolism seen in some clinical settings of severe stress. PMID- 6511927 TI - Decrease in microviscosity and cholesterol content of rat liver plasma membranes after chronic ethanol feeding. AB - This investigation was performed to determine whether chronic ethanol feeding alters the lipid composition or the fluidity of liver plasma membranes. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were pair-fed nutritionally adequate liquid diets containing ethanol as 36% of energy or an isocaloric amount of carbohydrate for 4-5 wk. Contrasting with other membranes, chronic ethanol feeding resulted in an increase in hepatic plasma membrane fluidity as assessed by fluorescence anisotropy. This alteration was associated with a decrease in plasma membrane cholesterol content. PMID- 6511929 TI - Children with recurrent hospitalizations: a problem of disabled children, parents, and physicians. AB - Twelve infants are reported with more than 10 hospitalizations usually less than five days in duration; occurring for life threatening symptoms predominantly of respiratory nature. The physical examination, growth, and development were normal. Symptoms rarely occurred during the period of hospitalization. Multiple diagnoses and a variety of hospitals and physicians were involved with each patient. The parents had extremely high levels of anxiety and the professional staffs were exceedingly frustrated. Past events in the family, pregnancy, or perinatal history appeared to contribute to the parental perception of their child's vulnerability. Management involved lengthening the hospitalization time to (1) explore the possible diagnosis and (2) carefully review all questions of the parents. This process fostered the emergence of a sense of safety in the parent around their child. No further hospitalizations occurred after the intervention process. The picture may result from a disturbance in a parent's perception of a particular child leading to a heightened level of fear coupled with difficulty in physicians to allay the fear. PMID- 6511930 TI - Psychotropic drug effects contributing to psychiatric hospitalization of children: a preliminary study. AB - Over an 11-month period on a Children's Psychiatric Unit 5% of 60 first admissions for hospitalization were apparently associated with adverse effects of psychotropic medication. Forty (66%) of the first admissions had used, prior to hospitalization, a wide variety of drugs including stimulants, major and minor tranquilizers, anticonvulsants, antidepressants and over-the-counter drugs containing antihistamines and analgesics. It is suggested that inappropriate and injudicious use of psychotropic medications may be associated with unanticipated adverse behavioral effects, which can result in deterioration of a child's functioning to the point of necessitating psychiatric hospitalization. Early identification of these unwanted psychotropic effects has diagnostic, prognostic, economic, and legal implications. PMID- 6511931 TI - A nationwide survey of behavioral pediatric residency training. AB - This survey assessed the prevalence of behavioral pediatric residency training in the U.S., the professional background of faculty, training methods utilized, curriculum content, and barriers to expansion of behavioral training. Questionnaires were returned by 60% of 246 accredited pediatric residency programs; of these, 49% had a "formal" behavioral training program, 38% offered some training, and 13% offered none. Formal programs identified 419 faculty members involved in teaching behavioral pediatrics to residents: physicians (48%), psychologists (21%), social workers (19%), nurses (8%), other (4%). Mandatory training was more frequent than elective training; continuous training was more likely than block rotations to be mandatory. "Inadequate funding" and "lack of appropriately trained faculty" were most frequently cited as barriers to expansion of the teaching of behavioral pediatrics. PMID- 6511932 TI - Predictive validity of the "Movement Assessment of Infants". AB - Early identification of neuromotor deficits, cerebral palsy or other neurological handicaps, is a focus of concern for neurologists, pediatricians, and developmental therapists. Among infants at risk for developing these handicaps are those with low birthweight, idiopathic respiratory distress syndrome, and early central nervous system insults. The Movement Assessment of infants (MAI), a neuromotor assessment tool, was developed for the purpose of evaluating high-risk infants participating in the University of Washington's Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Followup Clinic. The predictive validity of the MAI was evaluated for 246 infants for whom assessments had been completed at four months and for whom at least one set of followup data was available at either one or two years of age. Correlations between the MAI total risk score and all five of the outcome measures at one and two years were highly significant. The clinical relevance of this study in the use of the MAI as an evaluation tool for identifying infants with neuromotor dysfunction is discussed. PMID- 6511933 TI - Maternal age and autistic children. AB - Maternal age was examined in 52 autistic children. Two matched control groups were also investigated. Both were matched with the autistic group on age, sex, and birth order. In addition, the first control group was matched with the autistic group according to IQ, while the second control group was composed of normally intelligent children and matched with the autistic group on SES. Maternal age did not differ between the three groups. It is concluded that uncontrolled social class factors might account for raised maternal age in middle class mothers of autistic children found in other studies. PMID- 6511934 TI - Atypical stimulant responder. AB - A six-year-old girl presented with severe emotional disturbance. The symptoms were not consistent with attention deficit disorder. The child did not manifest difficulties with attention span or distractibility. A double-blind active drug/placebo study with magnesium pemoline confirmed a beneficial pharmacologic response to the medication. The family was amenable to psychotherapy following the institution of medication. PMID- 6511935 TI - Language disorders and behavioral problems in preschool children. AB - Preschoolers who present with resistant behavioral problems may have an accompanying language disorder. This paper describes a representative case of a child whose behavioral problem improved subsequent to identification of a language disorder, modification in parents' expectations and responses, and involvement in early education. Possible relationships among behavioral and language disorders, attentional and activity problems, and otitis media are discussed, and recommendations for early diagnosis and remediation are presented. PMID- 6511936 TI - Possible conservation-withdrawal reaction in two infants. AB - Two breast-fed infants with weight loss are described. Despite their mothers' assertions that their breast-feeding was adequate, the infants gained weight rapidly on complementary feeding and became more responsive. Previously they had rather passively accepted suboptimal intakes, crying little and sleeping excessively. Discussion centers on whether these infants illustrated the conservation-withdrawal state, since apart from their poor weight gains, they were otherwise well. PMID- 6511937 TI - The schizophrenia spectrum: a study of the relationship among the Rorschach, MMPI, and visual backward masking. AB - Compared 20 Ss within the schizophrenia spectrum and 20 non-schizophrenia spectrum controls in terms of their MMPI and Rorschach performance. Ss also were studied in terms of their ability to identify a briefly exposed visual stimulus when it was followed by a noninformational mask stimulus and when it was not. Ss did not differ on the MMPI or on their ability to identify an unmasked target stimulus. They differed significantly in the number of deviant verbalizations, a special scoring category of the Rorschach. Ss also differed in their ability to identify the briefly exposed stimulus when it was followed by the noninformational mask. Results indicated a relationship among the deviant verbalization, the masking procedure, and the schizophrenia spectrum. PMID- 6511938 TI - Etiological hypotheses in schizophrenia: cross-level analysis. AB - Used the multicausal hypothesis generation capabilities of multiple regression analysis of aggregate data to explore the complex etiology of schizophrenia. Attendant dangers of ecological inference are controlled by combining regression analysis with individual-level analysis of the same population. The resulting cross-level analysis adds a new dimension to our understanding. PMID- 6511939 TI - Hyperactivity as dysfunction of activity, arousal, or attention: a study of research relating to DSM III's Attention Deficit Disorder. AB - Examined the recent shift in emphasis from overactivity to the related constructs of arousal, attention and impulsivity in the study of "hyperactive" children. Studies are reviewed that have led to a reconceptualization of the hyperkinetic disorder that focuses on underlying physiological arousal and attentional components. The adequacy of DSM III diagnostic criteria for Attention Deficit Disorder are considered in light of relevant research developments. PMID- 6511941 TI - Dramatic induction of depressive mood. AB - Conducted an experiment (N = 105) wherein one group was exposed to a sad film in order to induce depressive feelings and another group was shown an emotionally neutral film. Two VROPSOM depressive affect checklists (the Dutch version of the DACL) were administered in a pretest-posttest design. Respondents who had watched the grievous movie reported more depressive mood, as compared to both the respondents at pretesting and those who had watched the neutral film. Specific analyses confirmed that it was a depressive emotional state that had been induced. These experimental effects, as well as intercorrelations with enduring depression, adjustment and approval-seeking, attested to the construct validity of the VROPSOM lists. PMID- 6511942 TI - The Combat Exposure Scale: a systematic assessment of trauma in the Vietnam War. AB - Although symptoms of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder are expected to persist for many years, there is often no systematic assessment of Vietnam veterans' combat experiences. A study of 43 help-seeking Vietnam veterans revealed that a reliable assessment of war trauma, the Combat Exposure Scale, could be constructed from dichotomous questions about seven stressful events. Scale scores related significantly to current diagnosis of PTSD and intensity of symptoms. The Guttman scaling technique resulted in an ordering of events that provides clinically relevant information about the nature of trauma in the Vietnam War. PMID- 6511940 TI - Influence of catecholamine activity on the hierarchical relationships among physical fitness condition and selected personality characteristics. AB - Tested male Ss (N = 34) to determine how changes in the urinary excretion patterns of selected catecholamines and their metabolites affect the multivariate relationships involving variables that measure physical fitness condition and selected personality characteristics. Urine specimens were collected from each S after sleep and during occupational activities and analyzed for six catecholamine related variables. Those measures were combined with six personality variables (MMPI) and a physical fitness score (Ismail Criterion), and subjected to first- and second-order factor analyses. The findings indicated an association between low physical fitness and high self-reported anxious depression during the occupational period, but not at rest. The changes in the factor structures were statistically mediated by changes in the concentrations of the biochemical variables across the collection periods. This suggests that the relationships between physical fitness and personality are augmented during catecholamine reactivity to occupational stress. PMID- 6511943 TI - Suicide: issues of prevention, intervention, and facilitation. AB - The practice of suicide prevention directs the suicidal person to continue living despite the presence of a wish to die. In contrast, the concept of suicide intervention attempts to maintain a relatively more neutral position, one that allows for the possibility of death facilitation as well as prevention. The concept of suicide intervention implies the appropriateness of suicide for certain chronically distressed individuals and anticipates the emergence of prodeath intervention as a valid clinical procedure. A proposed suicide intervention model is contrasted with the goals and methods of existing suicide prevention and crisis counseling services. The issues of an appropriate death, premature death, an ambivalent attraction to death, and continued living in the face of chronically low life satisfaction are discussed. PMID- 6511944 TI - Gender differences in rating stressful events, depression, and depressive cognition. AB - Assessed gender differences in the ratings of stressful events, depression, and cognitive distortion. Responses of 70 males and 70 females (N = 140) to the Life Stress Questionnaire, the Beck Depression Inventory, and the Automatic Thought Questionnaire were studied. Statistical analyses revealed significant differences between sexes on all dependent measures. Men reported experiencing more stressful life change. However, women rated the impact of stressors more severely. Women had higher depression ratings, and men exhibited greater distortions in cognitive content. It is proposed that cognitive distortion may insulate men from depressive moods. Research on coping mechanisms used by men and women in dealing with similar stressful life events may be helpful in clarifying the relationship among gender, stress, and depression. PMID- 6511945 TI - The relationship between sex-role orientation and the type A behavior pattern: a test of the main effect hypothesis. AB - Examined the relationship between sex-role orientation and the Type A behavior pattern. Eighty undergraduates were classified as high or low on masculinity and femininity on the basis of Bem Sex Role Inventory (BSRI) formed on student Jenkins Activity Survey (JAS) scores for pooled Ss, for males, and for females; each yielded a main effect for masculinity. JAS scores were correlated positively with BSRI Masculinity scores and not correlated with BSRI Femininity scores across pooled Ss, across males, and across females. These results are discussed in terms of their research and treatment implications. PMID- 6511946 TI - Hopelessness, social desirability, and suicidal behavior: a need for conceptual and empirical disentanglement. AB - Although hopelessness has been postulated as the primary mediator that links depression and suicide, empirical evidence has produced varied results. A review of previous research suggests that the measurement of hopelessness has not been independent of social desirability. Consequently, the relationship of hopelessness to suicidal behavior remains unclear. It is suggested that the theoretical and clinical usefulness of assessing hopelessness depends on the use of theoretically explicit instruments to assess independently content and response styles with clinically relevant populations. PMID- 6511947 TI - An investigation of some relationships between psychotherapy supervision and patient change. AB - Psychotherapy supervision has been investigated extensively, but the literature reveals few controlled studies and none that directly assesses the effects of supervision on psychotherapy outcome. In this study, two aspects of psychotherapy supervision--the amount of supervision, and the congruence of theoretical orientation between the supervisor and trainee--were studied in relation to patient change as measured by pretherapy and followup ratings on the Global Assessment Scale (N = 237). Amount of supervision was not found to be related to therapy outcome, but patients showed significantly greater improvement when their trainee-therapists reported theoretical orientations congruent with those of their supervisors. PMID- 6511948 TI - A predictive approach to suicide notes of young and old people from Freud's formulations with regard to suicide. AB - This study on suicide notes of young and old people involved the deduction of 25 protocol sentences that reflected important specific aspects of S. Freud's formulations with regard to suicide. Independent judges noted the incidence of contents that correspond to the protocol sentences in 52 notes. Comparisons between the suicide notes revealed that the protocol sentences discriminated significantly as a set in favor of the notes of young people. Specific sentences that were found more frequently in the notes of young people indicated being more self-critical, being more harsh toward oneself, perceiving oneself as having little worth, and treating oneself as an object. Implications are discussed. PMID- 6511949 TI - Internal consistencies of the original and revised Beck Depression Inventory. AB - Studied internal consistencies of the 1961 and 1978 versions of the Beck Depression Inventory in two different samples of psychiatric patients. The alpha coefficient for the 598 inpatients and outpatients who were administered the 1961 version was .88, and the alpha coefficient for the 248 outpatients who were self administered the 1978 version was .86. The patterns of corrected item-total correlations were also similar, and it was concluded that the internal consistencies of both versions were comparable. PMID- 6511950 TI - The measurement of depression: enhancing the predictive validity of the Beck Depression Inventory. AB - Investigated whether the predictive validity of the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) could be enhanced by having Ss complete the BDI under regular vs. a 6-week projected response set. Six hundred students participated in the initial screening phase, in which they were administered the BDI under both standard and projected instructional sets. Two groups were identified: High initial-high projected (N = 17) and high initial-low projected (N = 20). Additionally, a low initial-low projected control group (N = 13) was selected. At 5 to 6 weeks follow up, these Ss again completed the BDI and were administered the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression as a criterion check. Except for the low-low group, which changed little at follow-up, the final BDIs were lower than initial BDIs. However, projected BDIs provided for more accurate classification than the initial screening BDI. Also, projected BDI scores were significant predictors of both final BDIs and the Hamilton ratings, whereas initial BDIs did not correlate significantly with either criterion. These data suggest that projected BDI protocols could serve as a practical alternative to more costly or time-consuming methods of selection of research populations. PMID- 6511951 TI - The effects of depression upon responses to the California Psychological Inventory. AB - Studied the effect of depression on responses to the California Psychological Inventory (CPI). Data were collected from a volunteer sample of 33 males and 32 females using the CPI scales, clinical ratings of depression, and the scores from two widely-used measures of depression: The Beck Inventory and the MMPI-D scale. Depression was found to significantly decrease scores on a majority of the CPI scales. For males, the CPI scales which were the best discriminators of depression were SY, SO, and IE. For females, the best discriminators were the same scales except for WB in place of SY. Overall, the results indicate that when SY, SO, WB, and IE are more then one standard deviation below the mean, depression is likely. The implication of these findings for the interpretation of the CPI and its use as a screening device are discussed. PMID- 6511952 TI - Psychological Screening Inventory: a comprehensive review. AB - The Psychological Screening Inventory is a relatively brief, easy to administer and score screening instrument that was designed for use by a wide range of professional mental health workers. A comprehensive review of the empirical literature suggests moderate reliability, generally stable factor structure, and adequate validity, particularly for use with college undergraduates, with reformatory and prison inmates, and with psychiatric outpatients. PMID- 6511953 TI - The Irrational Beliefs Test: its relationship with cognitive-behavioral traits and depression. AB - A number of theorists have maintained that cognitive events such as irrational beliefs mediate various affective and behavioral disorders. Jones' (1968) Irrational Beliefs Test (IBT) is a prominent self-report instrument that assesses dispositional rationality-irrationality with respect to 10 beliefs proposed by Ellis. The present study with a nonclinical sample of female college students (N = 114) evaluated the relationships among the IBT, locus of control, cognitive set for success and failure, interpersonal assertion, and depression. As predicted, irrationality on the IBT and on several of its specific-belief components was related significantly to externality, negative cognitive set, unassertiveness, and self-reported depressive symptomatology. Multiple regression analyses indicated that locus of control, irrationality, and cognitive set predicted assertion and that locus of control and irrationality predicted depression. PMID- 6511954 TI - Relationship between type A behavior subscales and measures of positive mental health. AB - Recent evidence suggests that the student version of the Jenkins Activity Survey, a major measure of the Type A behavior pattern, is composed of heterogeneous items and, as a consequence, attenuates correlations with measures of psychological traits. The present study used two homogeneous subscales from the JAS to establish the relationship between two aspects of positive mental health (self-actualization and self-esteem) and components of the Type A syndrome (N = 68). As expected, self-actualization and self-esteem are related to only one aspect of the Type A behavior pattern. This result is obscured when only total JAS scale scores are used. Implications for future Type A behavior research and for improving the JAS subscales are discussed. PMID- 6511955 TI - Reliability and validity of the Chinese Depression Adjective Check Lists. AB - Presented data on the translation and on the reliability and concurrent validity of the Chinese version of the Depression Adjective Check Lists (DACL). Reliability and validity coefficients are significant and of sufficient magnitude to warrant their use in research (N = 37). PMID- 6511956 TI - Content and response-style in the construct validation of self-report inventories: a canonical analysis. AB - A common problem in establishing the construct validity of self-report inventories is the confounding of the purported meaning of test scores with response styles such as social desirability. Partial correlation is a traditional method of controlling such confounding effects. This paper demonstrates the analytic and interpretive advantages of using canonical correlation to remove the effects of a confounding variable. To this end, the present study examined the test protocols of 64 male inpatient alcoholics to determine whether a general measure of mental health (Sulliman Scale of Social Interest) was related to inventories that assess psychopathology (MMPI and PSI) beyond what one could expect by Ss responding in a socially desirable manner. The results of partial correlation and canonical correlation analysis were contrasted, which demonstrated the spuriousness of partial correlations in controlling for social desirability. PMID- 6511957 TI - Age differences in MMPI scale scores from 1,189 psychiatric patients. AB - Investigated age-related differences in MMPI scale scores from 1,189 individuals (ages 20 to 64 years) who were applying for psychiatric treatment. All major scales except L, K, D, and SI showed statistically significant age group differences. In general, older patients had higher scores on HS and HY, while younger patients had higher scores on F, PD, PA, PT, SC, MA. These results underscore the importance of the age of the patient in the clinical interpretation of an individual protocol. PMID- 6511958 TI - Factorial structure of the aftermath of suicide instrument. AB - Initial factor-analytic studies of the Aftermath of Suicide Instrument suggested that there may be four broad areas of social reaction to suicide. In a replication study, this 25-item questionnaire was administered to a community sample of 54 persons aged between 21 and 77 years. Factor analysis of their responses identified five factors, but only one of these was similar to any of the original factors. This marked variation is probably due to differences in the population sampled, with the present group of respondents more heterogeneous. While the content of the Aftermath of Suicide Instrument remains valid, it appears that its factorial structure requires further clarification. This is consistent with the emotional and clinical complexities of the subject of suicide. PMID- 6511959 TI - Subscales to the Taylor Manifest Anxiety Scale in three chronically ill populations. AB - In a sample of 150 people drawn from a population of asthma, tuberculosis, and chronic pain patients, a key cluster analysis revealed five different clusters of items in the Taylor Manifest Anxiety Scale: Restlessness, Embarrassment, Sensitivity, Physiological Anxiety, and Self-Confidence. These clusters are consistent and four of them appear moderately related, whereas Embarrassment is fairly independent of the others. PMID- 6511960 TI - Do anorexics and schizophrenics look alike on the MMPI? A critique. AB - MMPI data presented by Small, Madero, Gross, Teagno, Leib, and Ebert (1981), contrary to the authors' conclusion, show distinct differences, consistent with the clinical diagnosis in the case of the schizophrenic patients, and suggestive of an affective disorder in the anorexic patients. PMID- 6511961 TI - Clinical detection of intellectual deterioration associated with brain damage. AB - Leli and Filskov (1979) reported cross-validated classification accuracy that equalled 83% for a discriminant function derived on two measures of intellectual deterioration. This investigation made a preliminary assessment of the clinical utility of this function through a clinical-actuarial classification paradigm. Wechsler-Bellevue Intelligence Scale Form I protocols from 12 nonpsychotic nonimpaired and 12 cerebrally impaired individuals were used by experienced clinicians and predoctoral interns to identify the presence of intellectual deterioration associated with brain damage through their own clinical experience (Clinical Judgment condition) and, then, in conjunction with the discriminant function (Clinical-Actuarial condition). The classification accuracy from the discriminant function weights (Actuarial condition) and those from clinicians in the Clinical-Actuarial condition were statistically comparable and significantly above chance levels. These results indicate that the clinician who is assessing for the presence of intellectual deterioration associated with brain damage should rely heavily upon a valid actuarial index. PMID- 6511962 TI - Age differences in Wechsler Memory Scale performance. AB - Calculated mean scores for older persons utilizing data from previous studies that measured Wechsler Memory Scale performance in healthy samples and compared with those of younger adults and a sample of neurologically impaired aged (N = 384). Statistical analysis indicated that in total raw scores, as well as in all subtest scores but Digit Span, there are significant differences in the performance of different age groups. The degree to which age is associated with subtest performance varies depending on the particular subtest involved. Results are discussed in terms of their clinical implications and current theories of aging and memory. PMID- 6511963 TI - MMPI results: a comparison of trauma victims, psychogenic pain, and patients with organic disease. AB - Made comparison using MMPI T scores on three private psychiatric sub-populations: Post-trauma patients, patients with organically based illness, and patients with psychogenic pain (complaints functional in origin) (N = 78). The standard 3 validity and 10 clinical scales were used to evaluate possible differences among the groups. Differences were presented among the groups on scales 3 (Hy), 9 (Ma), and (F). Individual profiles also were assessed. In patients with a 1-3/3-1 profile, the psychogenic group had significantly higher elevation over the post trauma and organic groups. In patients with 8 (Sc) or 9 (Ma) high both with and without 1-3/3-1 high, differences were found; the post-trauma and organic groups showed marked elevation over those in the psychogenic group. Results indicate the MMPI to be a viable aid in distinguishing between patients with post-trauma stress disorder vs. those with functional disorders. The data suggest that MMPI profiles of patients with post-trauma stress disorder more closely resemble the MMPI profiles of patients who have organic disease with pain caused by organic pathology than the profiles of patients with psychogenic pain and/or hypochondriasis. PMID- 6511964 TI - The effectiveness of the Weigl Color-Form Sorting Test in screening for brain dysfunction. AB - Investigated the Weigl's diagnostic significance by correlating it with several psychometric and personal variables, including degree of brain dysfunction. Forty three male, veteran, psychiatric patients were administered the complete WAIS, Hooper, Benton, and Weigl, and their ward psychiatrist estimated presence and degree of brain dysfunction. Although uncorrelated with brain dysfunction, the Weigl did correlate significantly with 13 of the 19 study variables involved in assessment of brain function. Factor-analytic studies showed that the Weigl loaded significantly on the factor associated with neurological function. It was discovered that when a patient who is being screened can perform the conceptual requirements of the Weigl, then additional conceptual-verbal tests (e.g., Similarities) are less useful in discriminating organicity than perceptual tests (e.g., Object Assembly). When a patient cannot shift on the Weigl, then further conceptual tests will be useful. PMID- 6511965 TI - Age-related norms for the Hooper Visual Organization Test. AB - Explored the effects of age, education, and IQ on Hooper Visual Organization Test (VOT) scores and age-related norms for psychiatric patients. Ss were 211 male, veteran, psychiatric inpatients, grouped into six age decades, who were administered routinely the VOT and Shipley Institute of Living Scale plus other tests upon admission. Analyzing the relation between age decade and VOT, a one way analysis of variance produced an F significant at the .001 level. An intercorrelation matrix for all the study variables disclosed that age, IQ, and education all were correlated significantly with VOT scores, as well as with each other, except for IQ and age. However, a multiple regression analysis revealed that only age and IQ accounted for significant amounts of the variance in VOT scores. Thus, these results argue for the use of age-related norms as well as norms that correct for IQ. PMID- 6511966 TI - Are the rhythm tests of the Halstead-Reitan and Luria-Nebraska batteries differentially sensitive to right temporal lobe lesions? AB - Contemporary manuals on neuropsychological assessment advocate the interpretation of deficits in rhythm test performance as related to right temporal lobe dysfunction. There have been very few empirical tests of this interpretation. Despite the fact that there are theoretical reasons to suspect that the right temporal lobe is involved in the processing of nonverbal auditory information, there are absolutely no concurrent validity data that support this hypothesized relationship for either of the rhythm tests of the Halstead-Reitan or Luria Nebraska Neuropsychological Batteries. Therefore, clinicians are cautioned with regard to this popular interpretation of rhythm test performance deficits. PMID- 6511967 TI - Developmental analysis of the Wechsler Memory Scale. AB - Memory functions commonly decline with age. All dimensions of memory functioning may not change equally with age. Some studies have shown declines in visual spatial memory tasks, others in remembering stories, and another in learning pairs of associated words. The purpose of this study was to determine which dimensions deteriorate with increasing age. In addition, this study examines the construct validity of the Wechsler Memory Scale (WMS), for which previous reports note two-, three- and four-factor solutions. WMS data from 1264 males and 1141 females at six age intervals, 20-29, 30-39, 40-49, 50-59, 60-69 and 70-79 years, were compared on seven subtests to assess age trends. Visual-spatial memory tasks, remembering stories, and learning pairs of associated words proved more difficult with advanced age. Using theoretical, psychometric and statistical criteria, a one-factor (cluster) solution in both sexes across all age groups shows that the WMS measures only one construct, memory. This was shown by using principal component analyses, hierarchical cluster analyses, and very simple structure. PMID- 6511968 TI - Stimulus parameters that produce age differences in block design performance. AB - Administered block designs that varied according to two parameters, Task Uncertainty and Perceptual Cohensiveness, to 83 persons 49 years of age or older. Performance was adjusted to remove motor speed differences. Performance changed significantly over the age span as a function of Task Uncertainty. From 49 years up, performance did not change as a function of Perceptual Cohesiveness. An analysis that included a group of 20 persons 30 years of age or younger yielded an interaction of Age and Perceptual Cohesiveness. From 49 years on, analytic or image segmentation processes do not seem to change, but other information processing becomes slower. PMID- 6511969 TI - Recategorized WISC-R scores of learning-disabled children from Mexican-American culture. AB - Examined the generalizability of the Bannatyne WISC-R profile of learning disabled children to a sample of children from Mexican-American culture. A sample of 64 Mexican-Americans diagnosed as learning disabled were used in the study. Recategorized scores were subjected to 1 X 3 repeated measures ANOVAs and the differences between mean categorized scores were analyzed by Newman-Keuls tests for simple effects. Analysis of the obtained data suggested that learning disabled Mexican-American children were not characterized by Spatial greater than Conceptual greater than Sequential patterns as predicted by Bannatyne. The WISC-R performance of these children was found to be similar on Sequential and Conceptual categories. In spite of the lack of generalizability of the Bannatyne profile to the Mexican-American group, some interesting similarities and differences in performance patterns of the two groups of Ss were observed. PMID- 6511970 TI - WISC-R performance patterns of learning-disabled children from Papago culture. AB - Examined the WISC-R profiles of learning-disabled children from the Papago culture. A sample of 46 Papagos diagnosed as learning disabled were used in the study. Recategorized scores were subjected to 1 X 3 repeated measures ANOVA, and the differences between mean categorized scores were analyzed by Newman-Keuls tests for simple effects. Analysis of the obtained data suggested that learning disabled Papago children were not characterized by Spatial greater than Conceptual greater than Sequential pattern because WISC-R performance of these children was found to be similar on Sequential and Spatial categories. Caution in the use of WISC-R profile for differential diagnosis was recommended. PMID- 6511971 TI - Use of the MMPI to identify subtypes of delinquent adolescents. AB - Assessed the utility of the MMPI to identify and distinguish among subtypes of delinquent adolescents (N = 50). Behavior ratings were used as the criterion of classification into three delinquent subtypes--conduct problem, anxious withdrawn, and a group with neither of those features. Only the Hs scale differed significantly between the first two groups. Results were disappointing in that they failed to support a previous study that had found differences, but that had used less rigorous classification criteria. PMID- 6511972 TI - Es scale level and correlates of MMPI elevation: alcohol abuse vs. MMPI scores in treated alcoholics. AB - Examined the impact of MMPI Ego Strength (Es) level on the size of Pearson correlation coefficients computed between scores for posttreatment alcohol use and MMPI scores on standard and research scales and indices in a group of 54 (45 men, 9 women, mean age 41.3 years) treated alcoholics. In line with theoretical expectations, no significant (p greater than .05) coefficients were found in the group of high Es scorers (T scores above 50; N = 30) for any of the MMPI variables. In contrast, about one-half of the coefficients in the low Es group (T scores below 50; N = 24) were significant (p less than or equal to .05): All were in the expected direction; the more intensive the alcohol use, the higher the MMPI scores. The low and high Es groups did not significantly differ in respect to age, education, gender ratio, and posttreatment alcohol use (t-tests, p greater than .05). PMID- 6511973 TI - Older alcoholics: profile of decline. AB - Administered to 235 chronic alcoholics in an inpatient setting a standard psychological test battery 2 weeks after admission. Two analyses were calculated: A correlational analysis between age and the test variables and a comparison analysis between a younger (less than 50) and an older group. Results suggest that visual-spatial and constructional tasks, newer learning tasks, and secondary memory (and memory delay) show a more pronounced decline than do verbal or "left hemisphere" tasks. A sub-analysis of 30 younger and 30 older psychiatric patients further revealed that alcohol asserts a significant influence on decline in complex abstract tasks and on visual-spatial tasks (age is also a significant factor on visual-spatial tasks). This study re-validated previous findings using a more chronic alcohol population with standard psychological tests in a clinical setting. PMID- 6511974 TI - Coping with stress: naturalistic observations of the Polish crisis. AB - Naturalistic observations were made while the author was living and working in Poland as a visiting professor at the Institute of Psychology, Warsaw University, from October through December 1981. Social, political, economic, and interpersonal elements of the Polish "crisis" and reactions of the Polish people to these stressors are described. Individual patterns of coping with stress are categorized in terms of people's beliefs about the causes of stress and beliefs about personal control over the causes of stress. Three groups are identified: People who were certain that they could or could not modify the causes of stress and, therefore, coped by taking action ("fight" or "flight"); people who were uncertain about their capacity to modify the causes of stress, but believed that they could manage their daily lives; and people who believed that their only realm of influence was over intrapsychic events and coped via control over intake of information (repression or sensitization). The relative success of the different coping strategies is considered. Finally, the imposition of martial law and people's reactions to it are described. PMID- 6511975 TI - Attribution of control and the fear of death among first-year medical students. AB - Explored the relationship between attribution of control and the fear of death in a medical student population. Ss were 50 first-year students at the LSU School of Medicine at New Orleans, with a mean age of 24.7 years. Instruments included the Rotter Internal-External Locus of Control Scale and the Templer Death Anxiety Scale. Ss were divided into two groups (internal or external) based upon scores on the Locus of Control Scale, and a one-way analysis of variance was computed between the groups. The dependent variable was level of death anxiety. The results revealed that the internally oriented group obtained a significantly lower mean score on the Death Anxiety Scale when compared to the externally oriented group (F = 2.28, p less than .02). Two additional ANOVAs that used sex and age as the independent variables revealed no significant differences on the death anxiety measure, thus strengthening the apparent relationship between locus of control and fear of death. PMID- 6511976 TI - Statistical modeling of clinical intake decisions. AB - Modeled the intake decisions of four clinicians and a group of clinicians at a community mental health center by principal components-discriminant function analysis. The models of two clinicians and the group-based models withstood replication by the jackknife technique of discriminant analysis. Results showed that clinicians' written notes can be used to predict their decisions. We learned, for example, that the cues that are most important in arriving at intake decisions were therapy history, interview site, level of functioning, diagnosis, and behavioral disturbance. PMID- 6511978 TI - 1984, clinical psychology and the public interest. PMID- 6511977 TI - Use of the SADS diagnostic interview in evaluating legal insanity. AB - Examined clinical usefulness of the SADS diagnostic interview in evaluations of criminal responsibility. Findings, based on 78 SADS evaluations from a specialized forensic clinic, indicated that SADS successfully differentiated between sane and insane evaluatees. These differences were found primilarily in the severity of psychotic symptoms and overall level of psychological impairment. In addition, preliminary data on institutionalized and outpatient Ss suggested the potential applicability of the SADS for assessing the general psychological functioning of insane patients in treatment. PMID- 6511979 TI - Sickle cell disease in Britain. AB - Sickel cell disease is common in urban areas of Britain and it is estimated that in London alone there are nearly 2000 patients. One hundred and eighty four patients with sickle cell disease are known to the Central Middlesex Hospital, and 155 of those attend the sickle cell clinic regularly. The commonest cause for admission to hospital is acute painful or vaso-occlusive crisis, which accounts for 80% of all acute admissions; 12% of admissions are for acute chest syndrome. Comparison of clinical features in Brent and in Jamaica shows that the Brent patients with homozygous sickle cell anaemia are admitted with painful crises more frequently than Jamaican patients. However, the frequency of admissions for chest syndrome and priapism, and the incidence of splenomegaly are similar. Leg ulcers are uncommon in Brent. Patients with sickle cell haemoglobin C disease appeared more severely affected in Jamaica than in Brent. During the past two years 3165 newborn babies have been screened for sickle cell disease at the Central Middlesex Hospital: five babies with homozygous sickle cell anaemia and three babies with sickle cell haemoglobin C disease were detected. The overall incidence of sickle cell trait was 3.2% and of haemoglobin C trait 0.8%. A significant number of babies with sickle cell disease are born in London every year. It is essential that such babies are detected at birth and offered prophylaxis against pneumococcal infection, which is one of the major causes of infant mortality. Sickle cell disease is becoming an important blood disease in Britain and firm guidelines for the management of acute and chronic complications are required. PMID- 6511980 TI - Uptake and excretion of iron by healthy elderly subjects. AB - Metabolic balance studies for iron have been carried out on 24 apparently healthy elderly people (11 men and 13 women) aged 69.7 to 85.5 years living in their own homes and eating self selected diets. Several biochemical and haematological indices of iron state were also measured. The mean daily iron intake was 176 mumol, with a range of 55-321 mumol. Eight women and six men consumed diets which provided less than the recommended daily dietary allowance for iron of 179 mumol/day. Mean daily retention of iron, however, was -7 mumol, a value which did not significantly differ from equilibrium. No sex difference was noted between any of the biochemical and haematological measurements. Mean values of iron concentration, iron binding capacity, iron binding saturation, and ferritin and haemoglobin concentrations were 20 mumol/l, 59 mumol/l, 34%, 77 micrograms/l, and 14.3 g/dl, respectively. We have shown that in apparently healthy elderly people who are in equilibrium for iron balance, several biochemical and haematological measurements of iron state do not differ from the normal ranges established in younger adults. PMID- 6511981 TI - Increased ammoniagenesis and the renal tubular effects of potassium depletion. AB - The cause of the morphological changes and functional defects in the renal tubule seen in patients with severe potassium depletion is unknown. In man and animals potassium status is a major factor regulating ammonia synthesis in the kidney and urinary ammonium excretion. A primary effect of potassium depletion is to cause an increase in ammoniagenesis by the renal tubular cells. It is proposed that the vacuolation of the renal tubular cells and the functional defects of tubular proteinuria, polyuria, resistance to arginine vasopressin, renal resistance to the action of parathyroid hormone, and increased urinary excretion of N-acetyl beta-glucosaminidase found in potassium depletion are secondary effects caused by high concentrations of ammonia in the renal tubular cells. PMID- 6511982 TI - Histological diagnosis of carcinoma of the parathyroid gland. AB - During the period 1950-81, 678 cases of primary hyperparathyroidism were surgically treated at University College Hospital, London. The causes were a single adenoma in 575, two adenomas in 25, carcinoma in 20 (two of which had coexistent adenomas), chief cell hyperplasia in 56, and water clear cell hyperplasia in two. Histological diagnosis is not difficult except in some cases of carcinoma and in a few in which differentiation between recurrent hyperplasia and recurrent carcinoma is exceptionally difficult. In this paper we review all the cases of primary carcinoma of the parathyroid seen during this period to define those pathological features of value in the diagnosis. PMID- 6511983 TI - Actinomyces odontolyticus isolated from the female genital tract. AB - Actinomyces odontolyticus was isolated from genital tract specimens from 4.8% of 561 women fitted with intrauterine contraceptive devices and from 4% of 101 women with pelvic inflammatory disease and 1.8% of 525 women without pelvic inflammatory disease who were not known to be intrauterine contraceptive device wearers. The strains were isolated by prolonged anaerobic incubation of blood agar, with or without added 5% metronidazole or 1% neomycin. A odontolyticus has not been previously reported in cervico-vaginal specimens, and possible reasons for this are discussed. PMID- 6511984 TI - Infective endocarditis caused by Kingella denitrificans. AB - The clinical and bacteriological findings in a case of infective endocarditis caused by Kingella denitrificans are presented. This appears to be only the second report providing clear evidence for a pathogenic role for this species. PMID- 6511985 TI - Method for the morphometric analysis of arterial structure. PMID- 6511986 TI - Further evaluation of a new filter for leucocyte depletion of blood. PMID- 6511987 TI - Central effects of zomepirac on pain evoked by intraneural stimulation in man. AB - The central analgesic activity of zomepirac was studied in six healthy subjects by means of intraneural electrical stimulation. Pain elicited by selective activation of nociceptive fibers was inhibited by the administration of a single oral dose of 100 mg zomepirac. Pain relief in this double-blind crossover study was significantly greater after zomepirac than after placebo. Maximal analgesic effect was observed between 30 and 90 minutes after ingestion. Since peripheral receptors are bypassed by this technique, it is postulated that the observed effect reflects a central action of zomepirac, possibly as a result of inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis in the central nervous system. PMID- 6511988 TI - Pharmacokinetics and urinary excretion of clavulanic acid after oral administration of amoxicillin and potassium clavulanate. AB - Clavulanic acid is a beta-lactamase inhibitor which prevents microbial lactamase inactivation of beta-lactam antibiotics. The pharmacokinetics and urinary excretion of clavulanic acid were studied in eight healthy adult volunteers after oral administration of 500 mg amoxicillin and 125 mg potassium clavulanate. Serum and urine clavulanic acid concentrations were assayed using high-performance liquid chromatography. Pharmacokinetic parameters were: t 1/2 beta = 1.019 +/- 0.090 hour, t 1/2 alpha = 0.276 +/- 0.031 hour, lag time = 0.321 +/- 0.018 hour, tmax = 1.042 +/- 0.80 hour, Cmax = 2.098 +/- 0.441 micrograms/ml, and AUC = 4.897 +/- 0.979 micrograms X hr/ml. Cumulative urinary excretion of clavulanic acid (as percentage of dose administered) was: 14.05 +/- 2.87 within 2 hours, 25.77 +/- 3.98 within 4 hours, and 27.85 +/- 4.27 within 6 hours after administration. PMID- 6511989 TI - The efficacy of cibenzoline in preventing PES induction of ventricular tachycardia in the dog. AB - The electrophysiologic effects of cibenzoline were studied using programmed electrical stimulation (PES) techniques and were compared to those of quinidine. Cibenzoline, like the conventional class 1 agent quinidine, was effective in preventing arrhythmia induction. Twelve dogs were given 0.02 mg/kg digoxin intravenously for seven days to achieve a steady-state digoxin level. On the eighth day, cibenzoline was administered in incremental doses (0.5 to 10.5 mg/kg) and PES was performed at 30-minute intervals. A mean dose of 2.6 +/- 0.8 mg/kg cibenzoline prevented ventricular tachycardia induction. At this dose, cibenzoline had no significant effect on mean arterial blood pressure, but PR interval increased by 17 +/- 9 per cent, QRS duration by 27 +/- 14 per cent, and the ventricular refractory period (ERP) for the first extra stimulus increased by 35 +/- 9 per cent. A gradual decrease in heart rate and an increase in PR interval and QRS duration was caused by incremental doses of cibenzoline. In six additional animals, quinidine was administered in incremental doses (1 to 30 mg/kg) and PES performed at 30-minute intervals. A mean of 15 +/- 5 mg/kg prevented induction of ventricular tachycardia in five animals. No significant change in heart rate, PR, QRS, and ERP was found at the effective dose. PMID- 6511990 TI - Time-dependent absorption of theophylline in man. AB - Sixteen healthy volunteers were given either oral or intravenous doses of aminophylline (125 mg) at 9:00 A.M. and 9:00 P.M. under controlled food conditions. Measured at regular time intervals by homogeneous enzyme immunoassay, the plasma theophylline concentrations 1.5 and 2 hours after oral aminophylline were significantly higher in the morning than in the evening (P less than 0.05). Also, the mean peak plasma concentration was significantly higher (P less than 0.05) and the time to peak concentration was faster (P = 0.02) after the morning dose. Neither the morning mean elimination half-life nor the morning mean area under the plasma concentration-time curve differed significantly from those after the evening dose. After intravenous aminophylline, no significant differences were found in the plasma theophylline concentrations and in the elimination half life between morning and evening. Therefore, the small but statistically significant time-dependent differences in theophylline kinetics must be due to changes in absorption from the gastrointestinal tract and not to changes in distribution or elimination of the drug. PMID- 6511991 TI - Oxaprozin dose proportionality. AB - Twelve normal subjects each received single 300-, 600-, and 1200-mg oral doses of oxaprozin according to a three-period crossover design. Total drug plasma concentrations did not increase in proportion to the dose administered. Total clearance (CIo) and volume of distribution (Vd) increased with dose, though elimination t1 2 remained unchanged. The fraction of unbound oxaprozin in plasma (fup) varied linearly with total plasma concentration: it increased from 0.068 per cent at 10 micrograms/ml to 0.180 per cent at 170 micrograms/ml. A parameter fup was therefore introduced to express the average degree of unbound drug plasma for a given dose, and to allow the calculation of unbound volume of distribution (Vdu) and intrinsic clearance (CIi) as if binding were constant. Even though fup increased with dose, the overall binding in the body (fub approximately 0.52 per cent) was relatively stable. Neither Vdu nor CIi changed with dose; hence, unbound oxaprozin kinetics can be considered to be linear. Protein binding had no effect on unbound oxaprozin plasma levels within the given dose range, and there was a one-to-one proportionality between the dose administered and the unbound drug concentration in plasma. PMID- 6511993 TI - View from the nation's courts. PMID- 6511992 TI - Influence of bariatric surgery on erythromycin absorption. AB - Seven adult, morbidly obese patients scheduled for bariatric surgery were studied in an identical manner preoperatively and postoperatively. Six patients underwent gastroplasties, and one patient underwent a gastric bypass procedure. A single 250-mg dose of erythromycin as a Filmtab was administered orally after an overnight fast. Multiple venous blood samples were collected over a 12-hour period. After surgery, each patient had a decrease in peak concentration and an increase in the time to reach peak concentration compared to presurgery values. Mean peak concentration was reduced from 1.04 micrograms/ml preoperatively to 0.55 micrograms/ml postoperatively, and the mean time to peak increased from 3.9 hours to 6.7 hours. Mean weight-corrected AUC was reduced 41 per cent, with two patients having no detectable serum levels postoperatively. The results suggest that the erythromycin product evaluated is of questionable value for use in bariatric surgery patients. PMID- 6511995 TI - ECT: for whom is its use justifies? PMID- 6511997 TI - Efficacy and feasibility of high dose tricyclic antidepressant treatment in elderly delusional depressives. AB - It is unclear why delusional depressives respond poorly to usual doses of tricyclic antidepressants alone. Seventeen elderly, delusional depressives were treated with high doses of imipramine or desmethylimipramine while monitoring plasma levels in an open study. Four of seven patients who received an adequate trial responded, but over half of the total sample had to be dropped due to intolerable side effects or worsening clinical condition. Antidepressants in high doses may be effective for part of the delusional depression sample, but this potentially effective pharmacologic therapy is not feasible in a large percentage of elderly or agitated patients. PMID- 6511996 TI - Serum haloperidol concentrations and clinical response in acute psychosis. AB - Steady state serum haloperidol concentrations measured by gas-liquid chromatography and a neuroleptic radioreceptor assay were compared to clinical response in 21 acutely psychotic inpatients. Serum concentrations measured by the two assay methods correlated well with each other, although the neuroleptic radioreceptor assay was much less sensitive. There was also a significant linear relationship between haloperidol dose (mg/kg/day) and steady state serum concentration. The correlation between haloperidol serum concentrations and clinical response after 2 to 3 weeks was nonlinear and most pronounced in the intermediate range (15 to 40 ng/ml). Further studies will be needed to establish with certainty the existence and exact limits of a therapeutic window. PMID- 6511998 TI - Lithium potentiation of antidepressant treatment. AB - The addition of lithium carbonate to an antidepressant drug regimen in depressed patients initially unresponsive to the antidepressants alone has been reported to bring about rapid improvement in the majority of these individuals. Nine additional cases are reported in this article. The response to lithium addition was more variable than described previously. Two patients showed sustained improvement, two showed transient improvement but then relapsed, two other cases with bipolar histories became manic, and three did not respond at all. Possible reasons for this variability are discussed. PMID- 6511999 TI - Nortriptyline capacity-limited metabolism: a case report. AB - A case report of a 62-year-old patient is presented with apparent dose-dependent kinetics for nortriptyline following the administration of therapeutic doses of the drug. Twelve-hour measurements of total plasma nortriptyline following steady state administration of the drug at 10 mg every other day, 10 mg daily, and 25 mg daily were 38, 86, and 647 ng/ml and while free plasma nortriptyline concentrations were 0.37, 0.9, and 6.6 ng/ml, respectively. Half-lives calculated from samples collected at 12, 24, and 36 hours status after administration of steady state 10 mg every other day, 10 mg daily, and 25 mg daily maintenance doses were 30.4, 36.7, and 64 hours, respectively. Toxicity did not occur despite excessive total plasma tricyclic antidepressant concentrations as a result of abnormally increased plasma protein binding of nortriptyline. The case is contrasted to the usual pharmacokinetic characteristics for the tricyclic antidepressants. PMID- 6512000 TI - Platelet monoamine oxidase response to lithium treatment in psychiatric patients. AB - Platelet monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity was studied in bipolar and schizophrenic patients treated with lithium and was found to be increased as a nonspecific drug effect. Greater MAO increase in manic patients was correlated with lesser clinical improvement. There was no correlation of MAO activity with short-term outcome in schizophrenic patients. Change in MAO was not correlated with lithium dosage or plasma levels. Patients with baseline MAO values below the median had the largest activity increases. Platelet MAO might thus be characterized as a state variable, increased by lithium as a nonspecific pharmacologic effect, with the increase associated with poor clinical outcome in manic patients. PMID- 6512001 TI - Possible interference by the reduced haloperidol metabolite with the radioimmunoassay and radioreceptor assay of blood haloperidol. AB - Serum or plasma samples from haloperidol-treated patients were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with electrochemical detection, radioimmunoassay (RIA), and radioreceptor assay (RRA). The HPLC assay allows simultaneous quantitation of the reduced alcohol metabolite of haloperidol. The HPLC and RIA haloperidol results correlated fairly well (r = 0.63), while the HPLC reduced haloperidol and the RIA haloperidol had a weak correlation (r = 0.28). The RRA haloperidol results had a fair correlation with those of the HPLC (r = 0.55), but their correlation with the HPLC reduced haloperidol was almost as good (r = 0.52). The RIA tended to give lower and the RRA higher apparent haloperidol concentrations than the HPLC assay. The results indicate that the reduced haloperidol does not interfere with the RIA procedure used in this study, but it may partially account for higher concentrations obtained with the RRA. PMID- 6512002 TI - The treatment of tricyclic antidepressant overdose with repeated charcoal. AB - Activated charcoal given repeatedly through a nasogastric tube to three patients in coma from amitriptyline overdose greatly accelerated tricyclic elimination: the apparent half-life fell below 10 hours for each patient to as low as 4 hours. This contrasts with extended half-lives for amitriptyline elimination averaging 36.8 hours and regularly over 60 hours previously reported for overdoses treated without repeated charcoal. The enterohepatic recirculation of amitriptyline and nortriptyline appears to be a major influence on keeping their blood levels up. In one case, intravenous diazepam inhibited tricyclic elimination. PMID- 6512003 TI - Verapamil as maintenance treatment in bipolar illness: a case report. AB - The authors report the successful maintenance treatment of a bipolar woman with verapamil. Whereas the patient had previously demonstrated multiple antidepressant-induced manias despite prophylactic lithium treatment, she was able to maintain on verapamil plus trazodone without manic or depressive episodes over a 1-year period. It is suggested that verapamil may have a place in the maintenance treatment of bipolar patients. PMID- 6512005 TI - Distinguishing obsessional from psychotic phenomena. AB - A case is described in which obsessional thoughts, previously diagnosed as auditory hallucinations, responded quickly to a small dose of imipramine. The author discusses the "spectrum" of obsessions and hallucinations and stresses both the clinical and medicolegal reasons why a distinction must be made between these phenomena. PMID- 6512004 TI - Attenuation by pergolide of haloperidol-induced striatal dopamine receptor density. AB - Tardive dyskinesia may result from neuroleptic-induced supersensitivity of striatal dopamine receptors. Alteration of receptor site sensitivity may be a therapeutic goal. Pergolide, a direct acting dopamine agonist, decreased in guinea pigs haloperidol-induced increases in striatal dopamine receptor density both when coadministered and when given following haloperidol. Pergolide down regulates supersensitive dopamine receptors and should be tested in the treatment of tardive dyskinesia. PMID- 6512006 TI - Pharmacokinetic factors in the clinical use of tryptophan. AB - A patient with chronic pain and DSM-III unipolar and cyclothymic disorders was treated with L-tryptophan, 3000 mg before bed for 3 nights, and showed no response. She then began to take L-tryptophan, 1000 mg every 4 hours, with a high carbohydrate, low protein meal and immediately showed a clear improvement in exercise tolerance (reduced pain) and alleviation of affective symptoms. The importance of pharmacokinetic factors in the clinical use of L-tryptophan is emphasized. PMID- 6512007 TI - View from the nation's courts. PMID- 6512008 TI - Manic symptoms following addition of lithium to antidepressant treatment. PMID- 6512009 TI - Combination of phenobarbital and haloperidol in resistant schizophrenia. PMID- 6512010 TI - Loxapine yields amoxapine. PMID- 6512011 TI - Is there clinical evidence that lithium toxicity can induce myocarditis? PMID- 6512012 TI - Morphology of Golgi-Cox-impregnated barrel neurons in rat SmI cortex. AB - Golgi-Cox-impregnated neurons in the barrel cortex of the rat were studied qualitatively and quantitatively. Adult rat brains were sectioned perpendicular to or parallel to the cortical representation of the large facial vibrissae at 125 micron. Cortical laminar and barrel boundaries were identified from the Nissl counterstain. Over 200 well-impregnated neurons in cortical layers I-IV were selected for classification and further detailed study. Three broad classes of neurons were recognized: (1) pyramidal cells with conical somata, a stout apical dendrite, and spines; (2) class I nonpyramidal cells having small spherical somata and spiny dendrites; and (3) class II nonpyramidal cells having larger ellipsoid somata and smooth or beaded dendrites. The class I cells were further subdivided into "star pyramids" (cells with an apical dendrite) and spiny stellate cells (cells in which all dendrites were of similar length). The class II cells also were subdivided into multiform cells (with multiple dendrites radiating from the soma) and bipolar cells (with two principal dendritic trunks arising from the superficial and deep aspects of the soma). The position of these various cell types in the superficial cortical laminae was mapped in sections normal to the pia. Numerous examples of the class I and class II neurons were drawn with respect to the barrels in layer IV and the extent of their processes noted. Finally, approximately 250 barrel-related class I and II neurons were studied quantitatively using a computer-microscope and digitizing tablet. The density of the Golgi-impregnated neurons corresponds to the pattern of cell density seen with the Nissl counterstain. The various cell types are not uniformly distributed as a function of cortical depth. Cells with apical dendrites were found principally in the supragranular layers and star pyramids in the superficial one-half of layer IV. Spiny stellate cells are concentrated in layer IV and the smooth cells are present in greatest number in deep layer III and deeper layer IV. On the basis of these distributions we suggest that layer IV be subdivided into two sublaminae. The class I and class II neurons can be distinguished according to quantitative criteria which apply in either plane of section used. Class I neurons have smaller projected somal areas, more proximal dendritic branching, and shorter dendrites when class I and II neurons are measured in three dimensions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6512013 TI - On the location and size of laryngeal motoneurons in the cat and rabbit. AB - Motoneurons supplying the posterior crico-arytenoid (PCA), thyro-arytenoid (TA), lateral crico-arytenoid (LCA), and crico-thyroid (CT) laryngeal muscles were localized in the cat, the rabbit, and the 6-week-old kitten by using the technique of intramuscular injection of horseradish peroxidase. Each muscle was found to be innervated by a single, ipsilateral pool of motoneurons, a result which was reliably established only after controlling adventitious spread of the label to nontarget muscles by prior denervation of adjacent musculature. The laryngeal motoneuron column extended in the nucleus ambiguus for a distance of 5 6 mm caudally from the facial nucleus. CT motoneurons were located in the rostral third of this column while the PCA, TA, and LCA motoneurons were located more caudally. These results are in general agreement with earlier degeneration studies (Lawn, '66a; Szentagothai, '43). Although labelled cells were widely dispersed in the nucleus, particularly in the adult cat, a limited amount of topographical structure could still be discerned in the arrangement of recurrent laryngeal nerve motoneurons. In the cat, the PCA pool was located in the ventral part of the recurrent laryngeal nerve representation and did not extend as far caudally as the TA or LCA pools; the LCA pool was located in the caudal and dorsomedial part of the recurrent laryngeal nerve pool; TA motoneurons appeared to overlap the PCA and LCA pools on all three anatomical planes. TA motoneurons were more numerous than PCA or LCA motoneurons, the numbers of cells in the three pools being estimated at 170, 111, and 112, respectively. In the cat bilateral labelling of different pools pointed to certain differences in morphology between cells from these pools and also suggested a functional basis for such differences. The mean soma diameter for the PCA and CT motoneurons was each significantly smaller than that for the TA and LCA motoneurons. The rabbit data were similar. The findings on motoneuron morphology are considered in relation to anatomical and physiological characteristics known to have been established for individual laryngeal muscles and with which they appear to be consistent. PMID- 6512014 TI - The cytoarchitectonic organization of the spinal cord in the rat. I. The lower thoracic and lumbosacral cord. AB - A laminar cytoarchitectonic scheme of the lower thoracic and lumbosacral segments of the rat spinal cord is presented in which Rexed's principles for the cat are applied. The material consists of 80-micron-thick sections stained with toluidine blue or according to van Gieson and 2-micron-thick sections stained with p phenylenediamine or toluidine blue. The cytoarchitectonic organization of the rat spinal cord was found to be basically similar to that of the cat, although certain differences exist--for example, in the extension of the laminae. In addition to the laminar scheme, the distribution of certain cell groups, Lissauer's tract, and the pyramidal tract were investigated. PMID- 6512015 TI - The morphology of optic tract axons arborizing in the superior colliculus of the hamster. AB - Single axons innervating the superficial layers of the hamster's superior colliculus (SC) were visualized using an HRP-filling technique. Five types of axons were distinguished. Experiments involving the removal of retinal and/or cortical input showed that three of these axon types originated in the contralateral retina with the fourth type most likely originating in the visual cortex. The origin of the fifth type, a widely branched varicose axon, is apparently subcortical. The two major types of presumed retinotectal axons (types U and L1) project to the stratum griseum superficiale (SGS) in a bilaminar pattern. Type U axons take relatively direct paths from the layer of optic fibers to form dense terminal arbors in the upper half of the SGS. Terminal fields for type U fibers showed fairly consistent dimensions. Their rostrocaudal extent ranged from 90 micron to 190 micron, averaging about 120 micron. Type L1 axons were thicker than type U axons and terminated in deeper regions of the SGS and in the stratum opticum (SO). Single axons of this type often gave rise to multiple branches which took separate, circuitous paths to a common terminal field. Terminal fields for type L1 axons varied more in extent than did type U fields, but 58% of them had fields 90-150 micron in extent. Each of the axon types found can be related to previous studies of populations of tectal afferents. The two major types of retinofugal axons fit a scheme of parallel ascending pathways. The findings also have interesting implications for the study of axonal development. PMID- 6512016 TI - Diameters and terminal patterns of retinofugal axons in their target areas: an HRP study in two teleosts (Sebastiscus and Navodon). AB - Studies in various vertebrate classes, particularly amphibians and mammals, have revealed that retinal ganglion cells with different functional properties project by means of axons of correspondingly different diameters onto specific target regions. Whether a similar pattern exists in teleosts is partly investigated in the present study. HRP was injected into the optic nerve of Sebastiscus and Navodon. The calibers of intraretinal HRP-labeled axons were classed as fine (ca. 0.8 micron), medium (ca. 1.3 micron), and coarse (ca. 2.5 microns). The calibers of HRP-labeled retinofugal axons were then determined in their target areas, and these can be summarized as follows: Optic hypothalamus: fine, medium. Lateral geniculate nucleus: fine. Dorsolateral thalamic nucleus: fine, medium. Area pretectalis: fine. Nucleus of the posterior commissure: fine, medium. Area ventralis lateralis, contralateral: fine, medium, coarse; ipsilateral: coarse. Optic tectum, stratum opticum: fine, medium; stratum fibrosum et griseum superficiale: fine, medium, coarse, segregated in sublayers; stratum album centrale: fine, medium, coarse. Therefore, fine fibers were found to reach all target areas except the ipsilateral area ventralis lateralis, and these were the only fibers found in the lateral geniculate nucleus, area pretectalis, and stratum griseum centrale of the optic tectum. Coarse fibers, on the other hand, were found only in the area ventralis lateralis and the optic tectum (stratum fibrosum et griseum superficiale and stratum album centrale). Terminal patterns of these fibers were also studied. Most fine fibers take tortuous courses giving off a few branches and terminate with many varicosities, and medium and coarse fibers give off several finer branches and terminate with bulbous swellings. The physiological significance of these findings is discussed. In addition, retrogradely labeled (retinopetal) cells were found in the olfactory bulb and the area ventralis pars ventralis of the telencephalon, as well as in the preoptic area and the dorsolateral thalamic nucleus. PMID- 6512017 TI - Ultrastructure of transganglionic degeneration in brain stem trigeminal nuclei during normal primary tooth exfoliation and permanent tooth eruption in the cat. AB - Electron microscopy is used to study changes in the axons and terminals in the cat brain stem trigeminal nuclei, main sensory, and partes interpolaris and caudalis, during the process of natural tooth shedding. Areas previously showing light optical argyrophilic degeneration products and adjacent areas lacking this degeneration are included. Various types of alteration occur early during tooth loss, including increased presumed glycogen, increased cytoplasmic density, flocculence, lucency, and neurofilamentous hyperplasia. By the stage of maximum exfoliation, terminals and axons of marked density become prominent in areas showing argyrophilia, whereas nondense forms occur elsewhere. By late eruption ages, all forms of degenerated terminals and axons are rare, but phagocytes are heavily laden with similar forms of debris. The sequence of ultrastructural events is discussed in light of recent studies of transganglionic degeneration, their correlation with light microscopic findings, and the potential implications for central plasticity in this system. PMID- 6512018 TI - Hearing loss in dogs after lesions of the brachium of the inferior colliculus and medial geniculate. AB - Seven dogs were tested for their sensitivity to pure tones following lesions of the brachium of the inferior colliculus and medial geniculate body. Bilateral section of the brachium of the inferior colliculus consistently resulted in an average hearing loss of as much as 37 dB in the midrange of the animals' audiograms. Lesions of the medial geniculate appear to produce a similar hearing loss if the ventral division of the medial geniculate is completely destroyed. PMID- 6512019 TI - Cerebellar efferents in the lizard Varanus exanthematicus. II. Projections of the cerebellar nuclei. AB - The projections of the cerebellar nuclei have been studied in the lizard Varanus exanthematicus with various experimental anatomical techniques. In anterograde degeneration experiments (lesions of the cerebellar peduncle) both ascending and decending contralateral projections were found. Ascending fibers which could be traced from the cerebellar commissure ventralward decussated at the level of the trochlear and oculomotor nuclei. These fibers coursed rostralward to the mesodiencephalic junction. With anterograde tracing techniques (3H-leucine and HRP) this tract was found to terminate in the nucleus ruber and the interstitial nucleus of the fasciculus longitudinalis medialis. Moreover, retrograde tracer studies (HRP, "Fast Blue") showed that this tract appeared to arise mainly in the lateral cerebellar nucleus. With both anterograde degeneration and tracing techniques (3H-leucine and HRP) a bundle of fibers could be followed, which decussates in the basal part of the cerebellum and passes dorsally around the contralateral medial cerebellar nucleus to the lateral side of the brainstem. This contralaterally descending projection system was found, lateral to the vestibular nuclear complex, and as far caudally as the descending vestibular nucleus, to terminate on various vestibular nuclei. Horseradish peroxidase studies showed that this contralaterally descending projection system originates mainly in the medial cerebellar nucleus, but ipsilaterally descending projections were also found. With the fluorescent double labeling technique ("Fast Blue" and "Nuclear Yellow") the projections of the cerebellar nuclei described above were confirmed. Furthermore, double labeling revealed neurons in both cerebellar nuclei (especially the medial nucleus) that project to both the mesencephalon and the cervical spinal cord. The present results indicate that the efferent connections of the cerebellar nuclei in the lizard Varanus exanthematicus are organized as two main projections, an ascending projection comparable to the mammalian brachium conjunctivum arising in the lateral cerebellar nucleus, and a descending projection comparable to the mammalian hook bundle (fasciculus uncinatus), originating mainly in the medial cerebellar nucleus. Such projections are common for terrestrial vertebrates. PMID- 6512020 TI - Callosal connections of the posterior neocortex in normal-eyed, congenitally anophthalmic, and neonatally enucleated mice. AB - Following multiple injections of horseradish peroxidase into the posterior neocortex of one hemisphere, we examined the distribution of retrogradely labeled cells and anterogradely labeled terminations in tangential and coronal sections through contralateral areas 17 and 18 in three groups of adult mice: normal-eyed (ZRDCT-n and C57Bl/6J strains), congenitally anophthalmic (ZRDCT-an strain), neonatally enucleated (ZRDCT-n strain). In agreement with previous studies, we observed that the pattern of callosal connections in areas 17 and 18 of normal eyed mice contains the following features: (1) a dense band of callosal cells and terminations separating the interiors of areas 17 and 18, which have relatively few callosal connections, (2) a ring-like configuration anterolateral to area 17, (3) a region of dense labeling lateral to area 18, (4) a narrow band of labeling bridging the posterior portion of area 18, and (5) a region of labeling anteromedial to area 17. We find that all these features of the normal callosal pattern are recognizable in congenitally anophthalmic mice. Their presence in mice that never had eyes supports the hypothesis that central visual pathways can develop many aspects of their connectivity in the absence of input from the periphery. However, we also find that the details of certain features of the callosal pattern in congenitally eyeless mice often differ from those of the same features in normal-eyed mice, and that the between-animal variability in the appearance of these features is higher in eyeless mice. These latter findings indicate that the eyes are needed during normal development to fine-tune the pattern of callosal connections. Our results also reveal that the callosal pattern in neonatally enucleated mice does not differ significantly from that in congenitally anophthalmic mice, indicating that the period in which the eyes guide callosal development extends into postnatal life. While the present data do not delineate the time course of this period, the finding of similarly abnormal callosal patterns in congenitally anophthalmic and neonatally enucleated mice suggests that the eyes exert little if any influence prenatally. Finally, examination of coronal sections indicates that the laminar distribution of callosal connections develops normally in both groups of eyeless mice. PMID- 6512021 TI - Effects of strabismus and monocular deprivation on the eye preference of neurons in the visual claustrum of the cat. AB - Visual response properties of neurons in the dorsocaudal claustrum were studied in two cats reared with convergent strabismus and three cats reared with monocular lid-suture. In the normal claustrum, most cells respond about equally well to stimulation of either eye (Sherk and LeVay, '81). In the strabismic animals, there was a partial breakdown of binocularity: most cells remained binocular but were influenced more strongly by one eye (usually the contralateral eye) than the other. The loss of binocularity was less extreme in the claustrum than in area 17 of the same animals. In the monocularly deprived cats, claustral cells responded exclusively to the experienced eye. We interpret the changes observed in the claustrum as reflecting changes in the ocular dominance of cortical inputs to the claustrum, rather than as evidence for plasticity within the claustrum itself. Autoradiography was used to study the return projection from claustrum to cortex in monocular deprivation. The cortical labeling pattern resembled that seen in normal cats. To examine whether this return projection might be involved in reducing cortical responsiveness to the deprived eye, recordings were made from area 17 of a monocularly deprived cat before and after ablation of the ipsilateral claustrum by injection of kainic acid. Following ablation, there was no unmasking of cortical responses to the deprived eye. Thus the cortico-claustral loop does not appear to suppress cortical responses to the deprived eye. PMID- 6512022 TI - Ultrastructural localization of acetylcholinesterase in substantia nigra: a comparison between rat and guinea pig. AB - The distribution and ultrastructural localization of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) was examined in the substantia nigra of rat and guinea pig. Although the pars compacta, in both species, is clearly defined when stained with thionin, there is an apparent discrepancy in the distribution of AChE at the light microscope level. In the rat substantia nigra the enzyme appears to be concentrated mainly in the pars compacta, whereas in the guinea pig the AChE seems homogeneous throughout the entire substantia nigra. Ultrastructural studies, however, reveal a close correspondence in the morphology of rat and guinea pig substantia nigra. The subcellular localization of AChE is also similar. The between-species discrepancy seen with the light microscope was attributed to relative differences in level of intensity of staining for AChE. In both rat and guinea pig, the enzyme is localized in two types of neuron and in the extracellular space. The ultrastructural distribution of AChE is discussed with reference to neurochemical studies on its release from nigral neurons. PMID- 6512023 TI - Increased vascular density associated with lesions of canine globoid leukodystrophy. AB - Two control dogs and 2 dogs that had globoid cell leukodystrophy (GLD) were studied to document vascular alterations associated with the leukodystrophic lesion. Spinal white matter was sampled by transverse and frontal planes of section from dorsal and ventral halves of the lateral funiculus of five spinal segments. Vessel profiles were classified as capillaries or larger vessels. GLD lesion was associated with an increase in capillary mean diameter. Vascular density, estimated by profiles per area, was compared in affected and control tissues. Capillary density was not significantly different, but the density of larger vessels was increased in proportion to the extent of GLD lesion. The increased density is presumed to be the result of lengthening or proliferation of vessels which had normal density prior to lesion formation. PMID- 6512024 TI - A lethal syndrome in mice following administration of carbon tetrachloride and cycloheximide, and its prevention by heparin treatment. AB - When a hepatotoxic dose of CCl4 is followed in 6 h (but not in 18 h) by 30 micrograms per g body weight of cycloheximide, a lethal, shock-like state develops. This is prevented by heparin treatment. This lethal syndrome is compared with other, similar, induced lethal states in which cycloheximide plays an essential role, and in which heparin is lifesaving. It is postulated that, after CCl4, a phase of procoagulant activity occurs in the dying centrilobular zone hepatocytes, but that unimpaired protein synthesis permits responsive release of endogenous heparin and thereby prevents thrombosis in centrilobular sinusoids. Cycloheximide is thought to inhibit this heparin release and to allow a transient episode of occlusive centrilobular microthrombosis with consequent irreversible ischaemic damage to the mid-gut. PMID- 6512025 TI - Light and electron microscopic observations on granulomatous lesions in pigs dosed with Mycobacterium intracellulare. AB - The histology and ultrastructure of the granulomatous lesions were studied in 18 pigs dosed orally with Mycobacterium intracellulare serotype 8. The pigs were killed 2, 4, 6, 8 and 12 weeks after dosing. Histologically, initial granulomatous lesions were seen in the tonsils 6 and 8 weeks after dosing. Initial or more advanced granulomatous lesions were observed in the tonsils and lymph nodes (mandibular, jejunal, ileocolic and superficial inguinal) 12 weeks after dosing. The initial granulomatous lesions appeared as slight proliferations of epithelioid cells and multinucleated giant cells. Advanced granulomatous lesions were nodular proliferations of epithelioid cells and multinucleated giant cells (epithelioid-cell nodule). In more advanced granulomatous lesions, the epithelioid-cell nodules increased in size and showed caseation necrosis, calcification and fibrosis. Ultrastructural examination revealed that the epithelioid-cell nodules consisted of mononuclear cells, epithelioid cells and multinucleated giant cells. In the caseous foci of the epithelioid-cell nodules, an electron-dense amorphous material with collagen fibres was deposited in the intercellular spaces. Although a small number of acid-fast organisms were observed histologically, they could not be detected ultrastructurally. The histological and ultrastructural findings of the present cases are compared with those of pigs infected with M. avium and with human lesions of tuberculosis and sarcoidosis. PMID- 6512026 TI - Bone in the irradiated lung of the guinea-pig. AB - Considerable amounts of metaplastic bone developed in the lungs, and to a lesser extent, the liver of guinea-pigs which had received X-radiation to these organs. The bone was lamellar and had bone marrow cavities containing haemopoietic tissue. PMID- 6512027 TI - A pulmonary abnormality of newborn lambs. AB - Nineteen pregnant ewes deliberately infected orally with Campylobacter coli/jejuni at either 80 or 120 days gestation and accidentally subjected to a period of heat stress during the latter half of pregnancy produced clinically normal but growth-retarded lambs at term. A group of 7 pregnant ewes uninfected with Campylobacter but subjected to the same heat stress produced lambs clinically and morphologically similar to the lambs of the other 2 groups. Microscopically, the lungs from 11 lambs showed areas of increased cellular density which were interpreted as pulmonary collapse. The cause remains unknown, but the lesion could have its origins in some form of airway obstruction associated with intra-uterine infection and/or heat stress. PMID- 6512028 TI - Amyloidosis in a case of canine systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - Concurrent systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and amyloidosis (renal and splenic) are reported in a 7-year-old female miniature Schnauzer. Treatment of tissue sections with potassium permanganate and dilute sulphuric acid prior to staining with Congo red indicated that the amyloid in this case is composed of AA protein (i.e. reactive systemic amyloid or so-called secondary amyloid). The rare association of amyloidosis and SLE, in both man and the dog, and the association with granulomatous pneumonia and leukopenia in this case are discussed. PMID- 6512029 TI - Canine distemper and experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in the dog: comparative patterns of demyelination. AB - The pattern of virus-induced and allergic demyelinating encephalomyelitis in the dog were compared. The predominant pattern of myelin loss in canine distemper (CD) infection was focal, periventricular and was initially noninflammatory. In contrast, sensitization to myelin produced a uniform pattern of central nervous system (CNS) myelinolysis which was disseminated, inflammatory and perivascular. Ultrastructurally, virus-infected neuroglia participated in the demyelination in CD, whereas infiltrating haematogenous mononuclear cells predominated in the lesions of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE). Areas of predilection within the CNS differed, being influenced by viral spread in CD and by vascular factors in EAE. In CD, the paramyxovirus appears to play a central role in the process of demyelination. In contrast to EAE, however, these studies do not support the view that autoreactivity to myelin contributes to the pathogenesis of CD demyelinating encephalomyelitis. PMID- 6512031 TI - Serum copper and caeruloplasmin activity in experimental malignancies. AB - Serum copper content and caeruloplasmin activity were measured in 595 Strain A male mice. The mice carried either benzo(a)pyrene induced fibrosarcoma, transplanted sarcoma-180, Dalton's lymphoma, or Ehrlich carcinoma. The serum copper concentration was raised in all the tumours when compared with normal controls. The observed fall in activity of caeruloplasmin during malignancy may be related to defective iron mobilization. PMID- 6512030 TI - Manifestations of resistance to ovine ostertagiasis associated with immunological responses in the gastric lymph. AB - Groups of previously infected and worm-free sheep were serially killed up to 10 days after challenge with 50 000 Ostertagia circumcincta larvae. Two similar groups of sheep were killed 10 days after challenge with 1000 larvae. The previously infected sheep were resistant to the smaller challenge dose in that fewer, stunted worms were recovered from them than from controls. However, this resistance was not as marked as that observed in the previously infected sheep which received the large challenge, because proportionally fewer worms were recovered after the 50000 dose and the great majority of these were arrested at the early fourth stage. The gastric lymph ducts of 6 previously infected sheep were cannulated successfully and a marked local immune response was detected in 3 sheep which were challenged with 50 000 larvae. No response was detected in 3 cannulated sheep challenged with 1000 larvae. In the lymph of the 50 000 dose group, a temporary increase in pepsinogen activity suggested that a hypersensitivity reaction related to the presence of large numbers of mucosal mast cells began between 24 and 48 h after challenge. This was followed by marked increases in the cellular and IgA content of lymph, which reached peaks on days 3 and 6, respectively. It is suggested that the response detected in the gastric lymph reflected aspects of a local immune reaction in the abomasal mucosa and that this reaction accounted for the enhanced degree of resistance to the larger challenge dose. PMID- 6512033 TI - Lymphangiosarcoma in two cats. AB - Cutaneous tumours consisting of irregular empty anastomosing spaces lined by spindle cells were diagnosed as lymphangiosarcoma in two cats. The tumour cells exhibited the characteristic lining up along pre-existing collagen and muscle fibres. Because of the small number of cases of lymphangiosarcoma in cats, conclusions regarding biological behaviour or breed incidence are not made. PMID- 6512032 TI - Sub-cellular distribution of copper and caeruloplasmin in chemically induced tumour tissue. AB - Copper and caeruloplasmin concentrations were determined in the subcellular fraction of tumour tissue from 15 Strain A mice bearing an induced fibrosarcoma. It was observed that copper concentration was higher in the mitochondrial fraction of tumour tissue when compared to that of tissues of similar site from normal controls. However, the caeruloplasmin concentration was lower in the various fractions of tumour tissue when compared to that of normal control tissue. PMID- 6512034 TI - Lesions associated with a Capillaria infestation in the European hedgehog (Erinaceus europaeus). AB - A variety of changes was seen in the respiratory tract of European hedgehogs (Erinaceus europaeus) infected with a Capillaria species. The main lesions were those of bronchopneumonia and tracheitis. PMID- 6512035 TI - Mixed mammary tumour in a CD female rat. AB - A rare type of mixed mammary tumour, described in a CD female rat, represents the first record of a mixed mammary tumour in a rat with both epithelial and chondroid components. PMID- 6512036 TI - Cutaneous findings in hairy cell leukemia. AB - Hairy cell leukemia is a distinctive clinicopathologic entity that is histologically characterized by infiltration of the spleen, bone marrow, and blood by uniform mononuclear cells--"hairy cells." We reviewed the prevalent cutaneous findings, specific and nonspecific, in 113 cases of hairy cell leukemia. Only one patient had specific lesions (skin infiltration by leukemic cells). Nonspecific cutaneous findings included recurrent infections, ecchymoses, petechiae, pallor, drug reactions and reactions to transfusions, and nonherpetic ulcerations. Although leukemic infiltration of the skin in hairy cell leukemia is rare, cutaneous histopathologic features may be diagnostic, particularly when cytomorphologic examination is coupled with staining of a fresh specimen with tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase. Cutaneous and extracutaneous infections, often extensive and with opportunistic organisms, were the most common nonspecific findings and demonstrated severely deficient immunologic responsiveness. Associated malignant diseases, cutaneous and extracutaneous, were few in number and are of uncertain significance. PMID- 6512037 TI - Treatment of basal cell epithelioma by curettage and electrodesiccation. AB - A total of 233 biopsy-proved basal cell epitheliomas (BCEs) treated by curettage and electrodesiccation (C&D) in our office in 1976 and 1977 were followed a minimum of 5 years. There were seven recurrences, a cure rate of 97.0%. Our results, both for recurrence rates and cosmetic appearance, varied according to the size and location of the cancers. The cosmetic results were generally excellent especially in the smaller cancers. Smaller BCEs'less than 2 cm diameter, excluding the nose and nasolabial area, had our highest cure rate, 99.4% (171/172). Our treatment method is described in detail. Although not a complicated procedure, C&D does require skill, thoroughness and selection of patients to achieve high cure rates and is still an excellent treatment choice for many BCEs. PMID- 6512038 TI - Studies on the anti-inflammatory properties of thalidomide: effects on polymorphonuclear leukocytes and monocytes. AB - The effects of thalidomide on polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) and monocyte function were studied in vitro. Phagocytosis of latex beads by both PMNs and adherent monocytes was significantly depressed (p less than 0.01) after a 1-hour incubation of cells with 10 microgram/ml of thalidomide. Concentrations of 1 microgram/ml stimulated monocyte phagocytosis (p less than 0.01) but did not influence PMNs. Incubation of monocytes with 10 micrograms/ml resulted in a significant reduction of chemiluminescence (CL) but had no effect at 1 microgram/ml concentrations. There was no significant action on PMN CL at either concentration. Finally, 10 micrograms/ml concentrations of thalidomide were not cytotoxic for either cell type after 18-hour incubations. In conclusion, the results of these studies may at least partially explain the efficacy of thalidomide in some inflammatory conditions. PMID- 6512039 TI - Use of the vapor permeable membrane for cutaneous ulcers: details of application and side effects. AB - Vapor permeable membranes (VPM) are commonly being used to treat cutaneous wounds where partial or full thickness skin is lost. Five years of experience with one particular VPM has taught a great deal concerning its proper use. Correct preparation of the treatment site to allow adhesion followed by application of the VPM with the right amount of tension and border are of paramount importance or aggravation rather than improvement of the cutaneous defect may occur. Initially, the membrane should be changed frequently, once or twice a day in heavily contaminated or necrotic wounds. Side effects are usually related to improper application, with resultant leaking of fluid and irritation of normal skin. Recent success has been achieved by weekly application of VPM in the office, removal at home after several days, and subsequent use of 10% benzoyl peroxide lotion until the next office visit. Extreme caution must be exercised if VPM is used to treat patients who are severely leukopenic or malnourished. PMID- 6512040 TI - Lymph node histopathology in Sezary syndrome. AB - Twenty-six lymph node biopsy specimens from twenty-three patients with Sezary syndrome were microscopically evaluated and compared with nodal specimens from six patients with pre-Sezary syndrome and four control patients with dermatopathic lymphadenopathy. Three phases of nodal involvement by cerebriform lymphocytes were perceived. A trend toward greater effacement of lymph node tissue (phase II or phase III) could be related to longer duration of disease. Unchanged stable histologic features were seen in repeated specimens at intervals as long as 6 years. Cases of pre-Sezary syndrome were of phase 0 or phase I, with nodal histology overlapping that of many of the cases of typical Sezary syndrome. In contrast to mycosis fungoides, Sezary syndrome, with its hematogenous circulation of cerebriform cells, features early recognizable nodal infiltration. The degree of nodal involvement does not consistently correlate with the prognosis. PMID- 6512041 TI - Bronchial reactions during psoralens and ultraviolet A (PUVA) therapy. PMID- 6512043 TI - Simultaneous alopecia areata in two siblings. PMID- 6512042 TI - Complement factor 6 deficiency associated with lupus. PMID- 6512044 TI - Slate-gray pigmentation of sun-exposed skin induced by amiodarone. PMID- 6512045 TI - Localized epidermotropic reticulosis. PMID- 6512046 TI - Baccaredda-Sezary syndrome. PMID- 6512047 TI - Fifty years of medical specialty certification--role of the American Board of Medical Specialties. AB - Those who have had experience with the voluntary system of medical specialty certification will surely prefer it to an imposed bureaucratic type of control. Despite the deficiencies and problems associated with it, as Churchill noted about democracy: "It is the best that exists." Medical science and medical practice are constantly advancing and changing. With those changes it is reasonable to expect change in the specialty credentialing system. However, that change should be thoughtful, cautious, and should be made only in the best interest of the patients for whom we are responsible. PMID- 6512048 TI - The inheritance of common baldness: two B or not two B? AB - So far, it is a widely accepted opinion that androgenetic alopecia is caused by an autosomal dominant gene with reduced penetrance in women. This view is essentially based on a family study performed by Osborn in 1916. She believed that balding men would be either heterozygous (Bb) or homozygous (BB), whereas balding women would be homozygous (BB). By contrast, we here present five arguments favoring a polygenic inheritance of the trait: (1) the high prevalence of the trait, (2) the distribution of balding patterns in the general population along a gaussian curve of variation, (3) the fact that the risk increases with the number of relatives already affected, (4) the slightly increased risk of relatives of severely affected women as compared to the relatives of mildly affected women, and (5) the fact that a predisposition inherited from an affected mother is of greater importance than that inherited from an affected father. In conclusion, the simple mendelian model of Bb and BB can no longer be upheld. PMID- 6512050 TI - Eosinophilic cellulitis (Wells' syndrome): histologic and clinical features in arthropod bite reactions. AB - Five patients are described with the clinical and histopathologic picture, including flame figures, of eosinophilic cellulitis (Wells' syndrome). Two of them had documented tick bites in the center of these expanding annular lesions, and the histologic picture showed the diagnostic flame figures of Wells' syndrome (eosinophilic cellulitis). A third patient had a clinical picture suggestive of a tick bite reaction but stated she was stung by a small garden bee at the involved site. The fourth patient removed a spider from the site of a spider bite, and this nodule also histopathologically was identical to that of eosinophilic cellulitis. Our fifth patient presented with papular urticaria of flea bites. We suggest that the characteristic flame figures of eosinophilic cellulitis (Wells' syndrome) are not diagnostic of a specific disease entity but rather a striking and peculiar histopathologic response to multiple factors of which arthropod bites (ticks, bees, fleas, and spiders) represent one definite etiology. PMID- 6512049 TI - The epidermal basement membrane zone--structure, ontogeny, and role in disease. AB - Since many dermatologic diseases affect the epidermal basement membrane zone, there has been intense investigation into the role of epidermal basement membrane zone constituents in various skin diseases, particularly subepidermal blistering skin diseases. The epidermal basement membrane zone consists of four major structural components--the basal cell plasma membrane, the lamina lucida, the lamina densa, and the sublamina densa zone, which contains anchoring fibrils. The lamina lucida is composed of laminin, bullous pemphigoid antigen (a disease specific glycoprotein identified by antibodies circulating in patients' sera), and other as yet poorly defined antigens identified by in vivo bound and circulating antibodies in the sera of patients with herpes gestationis, scarring pemphigoid, and others. The lamina densa consists of type IV collagen and KF-1 antigen, which is noncollagenous and is identified by a skin-specific monoclonal antibody. The sublamina densa zone consists of AF-1 and AF-2 antigens and the epidermolysis bullosa acquisita antigen(s). Knowledge of the structure and chemical composition of the basement membrane zone is critical to an understanding of some of the genetic and immunologically mediated blistering skin diseases. PMID- 6512051 TI - Two patterns of skin ulceration induced by methotrexate in patients with psoriasis. AB - Two patterns of skin ulceration occurred in patients receiving weekly methotrexate for psoriasis. In type I ulceration, psoriatic plaques became painful and eroded shortly after starting methotrexate (MTX) (median, 10 days). Type II ulcers occurred in clinically uninvolved skin affected by other pathology -stasis dermatitis in two and adjacent to an anal fistula in one and had a variable relationship to the duration of methotrexate treatment. Type I ulcers developed at methotrexate doses between 12.5 and 25 (median, 20) mg/wk and healed rapidly (median, 10 days) after dose reduction or withdrawal. Type II ulcers developed at methotrexate doses of 7.5 to 20 (median, 10) mg/wk and took a median of 9 weeks to heal. Type I ulceration may be confused with an exacerbation of psoriasis, and the MTX dose mistakenly increased rather than reduced. Type II ulcers can mimic stasis ulcers and may be overlooked as evidence of MTX toxicity. PMID- 6512052 TI - Lingual lesions of generalized pustular psoriasis. Report of five cases and a review of the literature. AB - Geographic tongue and fissured tongue may be mucosal manifestations of generalized pustular psoriasis. All three disorders have polygenic inheritance patterns and affected patients may share genes. Five patients in three families with geographic tongue, fissured tongue, and generalized pustular psoriasis are described and the lingual lesions of generalized pustular psoriasis are reviewed. PMID- 6512053 TI - Evaluation of cytodiagnosis of cutaneous basal cell carcinoma. AB - Cytologic and histopathologic diagnoses were assessed independently without clinical details in 150 lesions from 112 consecutive patients. Nine of the lesions (6%) could not be evaluated cytologically because of unsatisfactory smears. Correct cytodiagnosis was obtained in 125 of 141 (89%) evaluable lesions. A solar keratosis with prominent basal cell hyperplasia was incorrectly assessed as a basal cell carcinoma (BCC). Five BCCs were misdiagnosed as squamous atypia, either because the smears were not representative or from inability to distinguish between pleomorphic BCC and severe squamous atypia. An incorrect cytologic diagnosis was thus made in 4% of lesions. Smears from ten lesions (7%) were reported as nondiagnostic for the same reasons. Cytologic diagnosis is simple, rapid, and accurate and is of value in the management of suspected cutaneous BCC. PMID- 6512054 TI - Production and inhibition of solar urticaria by visible light exposure. AB - The mechanisms of production and inhibition of solar urticaria were investigated in two patients whose eruptions were induced by wavelengths ranging from approximately 400 to 500 nm. They developed urticarial reactions to their own sera, which had been exposed previously to light in vitro. The exposure of skin to light from which activating wavelengths were eliminated with a glass filter (O 55), immediately after the exposure to urticaria-eliciting light, significantly inhibited the development of urticaria. The irradiation with the filtered light prior to the exposure of urticaria-eliciting light revealed no inhibitory effect. The simultaneous exposure of action and inhibition spectra seemed to suppress urticaria formation. The exposure of the inhibition spectrum did not affect wheal formation produced by histamine and a histamine-releasing agent. The photosensitizer produced by the action spectrum may be inactivated by the inhibition spectrum, or the interaction between photosensitizer and antibody may be blocked by the irradiation with the inhibition spectrum. PMID- 6512055 TI - Hepatoerythropoietic porphyria: a variant of childhood-onset porphyria cutanea tarda. Porphyrin profiles and enzymatic studies of two cases in a family. AB - Hepatoerythropoietic porphyria is a rare variant of porphyria cutanea tarda, manifested clinically as photosensitivity starting in early childhood. Biochemically, there are elevated levels of protoporphyrin in erythrocytes and acetate-substituted porphyrins in the plasma, urine, and feces. Uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase activities in these patients are markedly suppressed. Thus far, only nine patients have been reported. We hereby describe the clinical manifestations, histologic changes, porphyrin profiles, and erythrocyte uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase determinations of two additional patients, 9-year old and 7-year-old siblings, that are consistent with those of nine previously reported patients with hepatoerythropoietic porphyria. PMID- 6512056 TI - Nodular (keloidal) scleroderma. AB - Two patients with progressive systemic sclerosis (PSS) developed keloidal-like nodules within areas of thickened skin. This extremely unusual event is most likely a keloidal response to the early inflammatory component of scleroderma in patients who are either genetically at risk for keloid formation or in areas of the skin that have a high predilection for keloid formation such as the chest. PMID- 6512057 TI - Cowden's disease: analysis of fourteen new cases. AB - Fourteen new patients with Cowden's disease from the Netherlands were analyzed and compared with the sixty-nine previously reported patients. The full clinical spectrum of the disease can now be fairly well delineated. Mucocutaneous lesions, especially facial trichilemmomas and other follicular malformations, acral keratoses, and oral papillomas, remain the most constant findings. The incidence of each of these mucocutaneous findings was slightly higher than reported previously, probably reflecting increasing experience with this condition. Also our patients tended to have more extensive acral keratoses and perhaps less extensive facial lesions. In one family there was an extremely high incidence of lipomas. Breast cancer was seen in three of our twelve female patients, reflecting the trend toward a lower incidence of breast cancer in the recent literature. Gastrointestinal polyps in one family were much more common than previously reported, occurring in five of seven patients. Thyroid disease was found in about two thirds of the patients and abnormalities of the female reproductive system in slightly more than half of the patients, both incidences being approximately the same as in the literature. With increased awareness of the condition it is likely that many more cases will be recognized in the future. PMID- 6512058 TI - Basalioma and basal cell carcinoma. PMID- 6512059 TI - Hypopigmented lesions in sarcoidosis. PMID- 6512060 TI - Excess granulation tissue during etretinate therapy. PMID- 6512061 TI - The cosmetic ingredient review--a safety evaluation program. AB - A review of the procedures, methods used, and the data that are required to evaluate the safety of cosmetic ingredients is presented. The results of the program and the limitations placed upon the use of some ingredients are discussed. PMID- 6512062 TI - The cutaneous pathology of facial lesions in Cowden's disease. AB - A study of 11 facial lesions from 7 patients with Cowden's disease indicated that most belong to a spectrum of related follicular malformations. The most distinctive lesions included multiple facial trichilemmomas, which were frequently cylindrical, resembling a blown-up hair follicle, but could be lobular. Four of the 5 trichilemmomal lesions were from the centrofacial area. Three periauricular lesions showed the pattern of tumor of follicular infundibulum without trichilemmonal features. Two lesions were epidermal without a follicular component and resembled digitate warts. No evidence of virus infection was found using an antiserum to papilloma virus. PMID- 6512064 TI - Adnexal neoplasms: introduction, comments, and controversies. PMID- 6512063 TI - The cutaneous pathology of extrafacial lesions in Cowden's disease. AB - Twenty extrafacial lesions from 6 patients with Cowden's disease were studied. Most were hyperkeratotic papillomas that resembled verruca vulgaris, acrokeratosis verruciformis, or hyperkeratotic acanthomas. Small hyperkeratotic papillomas frequently showed abnormalities of the follicular infundibulum. Occasionally, follicular abnormalities were seen without concomitant epidermal hyperplasia. It is concluded that some of the extrafacial lesions may originate from the follicular infundibulum. No evidence of a virus infection was found using an antiserum to papilloma virus. PMID- 6512065 TI - Embryology and anatomy of the cutaneous adnexa. PMID- 6512066 TI - Histochemistry of the cutaneous adnexa and selected adnexal neoplasms. PMID- 6512067 TI - Projection of lactation milk yield from part records in crossbred dairy cows. AB - First lactation records of a total of 242 Jersey (JH), Brown Swiss (BH) and Holstein-Friesian (FH) halfbreeds from Hariana cows were studied for projecting 300 d milk yield from 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 26, 28, 30, 32, 34, 36, 38 and 40 weeks' milk yield. The correlation coefficients between 300 d milk yield and part records ranged from 0.84 to 0.9 in the JH, 0.80 to 0.90 in the BH and 0.72 to 0.86 in the FH groups. Prediction equations and standard errors of estimation for prediction of 300 d milk yield for an individual animal are presented. It is suggested that part records up to 16, 22 and 22 weeks may be used for projecting 300 d yield with sufficient accuracy in the JH, BH and FH groups respectively. PMID- 6512068 TI - Effects of milk protein genetic variants on milk yield and composition. AB - Effects of genetic variants of the milk proteins, alpha S1-casein, beta-casein, kappa-casein and beta-lactoglobulin (beta-lg), on milk yield and composition, particularly the protein composition, were investigated in milk samples from 289 Jersey and 249 Friesian cows in eight commercial herds. Milk protein genotypes had no significant effect on yields over a complete lactation of milk and fat, but significant differences in fat content were detected for beta-casein (B, A1B, A2 greater than A1A2) and beta-lg (B, AB greater than A) variants. Significant differences between beta-lg variants were also found with total solids (B, AB greater than A), casein (B, AB greater than A), whey protein (A greater than AB greater than B) and beta-lg (A greater than AB, AC greater than B greater than BC) concentrations. Casein genotypes were not significantly different in total protein and casein concentrations but many differences were found in casein composition. alpha S1-Casein variants significantly affected alpha S1-casein (BC greater than B) and kappa-casein (B greater than BC) concentrations. beta-Casein variants affected concentration and proportion of beta-casein (A1B, A2B greater than A1, A1A2, A2, B), alpha S1-casein (A1, A2 greater than B) and kappa-casein (B greater than A2) and concentration of whey protein (A1 greater than most other beta-casein variants). kappa-Casein variants affected concentration and proportion of kappa-casein (B greater than AB greater than A), proportion of alpha S1-casein (A greater than AB greater than B) and concentrations of beta-lg (A greater than AB, B) and alpha-lactalbumin (A, AB greater than B). Differences in milk composition were found between breeds, herds and ages, and with stage of lactation. The potential use of milk protein genotypes as an aid in dairy cattle breeding is discussed. PMID- 6512069 TI - Toxicity of three isomeric mixtures of resmethrin to resistant and susceptible house flies (Diptera: Muscidae). PMID- 6512070 TI - Aerial application of diazinon granules for area control of the lone star tick (Acari: Ixodidae). PMID- 6512071 TI - Prophylactic efficiency and longevity of polyvinyl chloride strips containing permethrin for control of northern fowl mites (Acari: Macronyssidae) on caged chickens. PMID- 6512072 TI - Who requires balloon pumping? PMID- 6512073 TI - Repeated percutaneous internal jugular cannulation using flow directed Swan Ganz catheter. AB - The use of flow directed Swan Ganz catheters has provided an additional dimension in improving patient care in the intensive care units. We undertook repeated Swan Ganz catheterization in 26 patients with congestive cardiac failure on 65 occasions to evaluate the effect of vasodilator drugs. The same internal jugular vein was used. No significant complications were noted. PMID- 6512074 TI - Clinical use and bacteriological studies of catheter contamination sleeves. AB - A system combining a valved introducer sheath and a plastic protective sleeve enabling repositioning of pulmonary artery catheters was tested in 73 cardiac surgical patients. It was used for a mean time of 70.3 h and allowed for improved hemodynamic monitoring. A 12 percent incidence of valve contamination was found and makes the safety of the device questionable. PMID- 6512075 TI - Early diagnosis of peritoneal infection by simultaneous measurement of lactate concentration in peritoneal fluid and blood. AB - The level of lactate in peritoneal fluid has been suggested to be of great value in the early diagnosis of peritoneal infection [5]. However, this value is affected by multiple systemic factors producing lactic acidosis; these contributed to the high rate of false positive results, obtained in that study. In our study, a better correlation has been found between the peritoneal fluid to blood lactate gradient levels and the presence or absence of peritoneal infection. A threshold gradient level of 2.2 mmol/l in a total of 37 infected and 48 non-infected samples gave the best prediction with a sensitivity of 95% and a specificity of 96%. PMID- 6512076 TI - Bedside estimation of extravascular lung water in critically ill patients: comparison of the chest radiograph and the thermal dye technique. AB - Extravascular lung water (EVLW) was estimated in 53 critically ill patients by the chest radiograph (CXR) and the thermal dye technique. The comparison between these two methods revealed a direct and positive correlation (r = 0.83, p less than 0.001). However, EVLW-values obtained by the thermal dye technique showed considerable overlap between cases of radiographic low grade pulmonary edema and we were able to identify several reasons for radiographic over- or underestimation of EVLW. In these patients EVLW-measurement by the thermal dye technique provides additional information, thereby probably influencing further treatment. PMID- 6512077 TI - Accumulation of chlormethiazole during intravenous infusion. PMID- 6512079 TI - Intra-aortic balloon pumping: three years of clinical experience at the Middlesex Hospital. PMID- 6512078 TI - Pulmonary edema secondary to chronic upper airway obstruction. Hemodynamic study in a child. AB - A 22-month-old girl with the syndrome of hypoventilation, pulmonary hypertension, cor pulmonale and pulmonary edema due to adenoidal hypertrophy is described. Adenoidectomy resulted in relief of all symptoms and signs within 24 h. Hemodynamic study using pulmonary artery catheter showed that the pulmonary artery pressure returned to normal 48 h after relief of the obstruction. The normal left ventricular end-diastolic pressure, measured throughout the period of obstruction, in the presence of severe pulmonary edema, could suggest a non cardiogenic "low pressure" pulmonary edema. However, the highly negative pleural pressure which existed during upper airway obstruction indicated an elevation of transmural left ventricular end diastolic pressure (compared to pulmonary wedge pressure) and thus, suggested that the pulmonary edema in this syndrome is secondary to both - right and left heart failure. PMID- 6512080 TI - The case for steroids. PMID- 6512081 TI - Herpetic whitlow. PMID- 6512082 TI - Antibiotic 'fill-up' for severe respiratory infection. PMID- 6512083 TI - Attribution style, the dexamethasone suppression test, and the diagnosis of melancholia in depressed inpatients. PMID- 6512084 TI - Social support and stress in the transition to parenthood. PMID- 6512085 TI - Differential recall as a function of mood disorder in clinically depressed patients: between- and within-subject differences. PMID- 6512086 TI - Recall of pleasant and unpleasant words in depressed subjects. PMID- 6512087 TI - A typology of alcohol abusers: correlates and implications. PMID- 6512088 TI - Effects of alcohol and expectancies on verbal aggression in men and women. PMID- 6512089 TI - Processing of information in iconic memory: differences between nonretarded and retarded subjects. PMID- 6512090 TI - Parental expressed emotion and psychophysiological reactivity in an adolescent sample at risk for schizophrenia spectrum disorders. PMID- 6512091 TI - Effects of plans for future meals on counterregulatory eating by restrained and unrestrained eaters. PMID- 6512092 TI - Confiding in others and illness rate among spouses of suicide and accidental death victims. PMID- 6512093 TI - Depression and the response of others: a re-evaluation. PMID- 6512094 TI - Effect of subliminal symbiotic activation on hypnotic rapport and susceptibility. PMID- 6512095 TI - Noise-induced hearing loss as influenced by other agents and by some physical characteristics of the individual. AB - The interaction of noise with a variety of other agents and with some physical characteristics of the individual to produce noise-induced hearing loss is reviewed critically. The review is restricted, for the most part, to publications since 1970. Other agents interacting with steady-state noise that are reviewed here include: (1) ototoxic drugs (kanamycin, neomycin, ethacrynic acid, furosemide, and salicylates), (2) impulse noise, and (3) whole-body vibration. Physical characteristics of the individual that are reviewed are: (1) age, (2) presence of previous hearing loss from prior noise exposure, (3) eye color, and (4) race. Suggestions for future research in this general area are also made. Some of these suggestions are as follows: (1) to extend studies of the interaction of steady-state noise with impulse noise, salicylates, and whole-body vibration to encompass a broader range of exposure conditions, including exposure conditions typically encountered by the worker, (2) to develop an animal model of presbycusis to explore the interactions of noise-induced hearing loss and presbycusis, and (3) to explore the potential interactions resulting from concurrent exposure to multiple agents, such as impulse noise and ototoxic drugs, in younger, more susceptible animals. PMID- 6512096 TI - Biomolecular absorption of ultrasound. I: Molecular weight. AB - Amino acid solutions have absorptions which are generally small compared to those for proteins. Proteolytic enzyme treatment of proteins in solution reduces their absorption. These observations suggest that absorption increases with molecular weight. However, measurements of sugars, polysaccharides, amino acids, and proteins yield no correlations of absorption with molecular weight within these groups. Therefore, it is concluded that absorption increases in these molecules with increasing molecular weight only in a threshold sense, with absorption increasing significantly only in a restricted molecular weight range. This range may approximate that observed for polyethylene glycol and dextran, viz., 1 to 100 monomer units. However, there is some indication that the transition range may be narrower than a factor of 100 in molecular weight. PMID- 6512097 TI - Late-onset auditory deprivation: effects of monaural versus binaural hearing aids. AB - Performance on tests of pure-tone thresholds, speech-recognition thresholds, and speech-recognition scores for the two ears of each subject were evaluated in two groups of adults with bilateral hearing losses. One group was composed of individuals fitted with binaural hearing aids, and the other group included persons with monaural hearing aids. Performance prior to the use of hearing aids was compared to performance after 4-5 years of hearing aid use in order to determine whether the unaided ear would show effects of auditory deprivation. There were no differences over time for pure-tone thresholds or speech recognition thresholds for both ears of both groups. Nevertheless, the results revealed that the speech-recognition difference scores of the binaurally fitted subjects remained stable over time whereas they increased for the monaurally fitted subjects. The findings reveal an auditory deprivation effect for the unfitted ears of the subjects with monaural hearing aids. PMID- 6512098 TI - Auditory filter asymmetry in the hearing impaired. AB - Thresholds for 2-kHz sinusoidal signals were determined in the presence of a notched-noise masker, for six normal-hearing listeners and 12 listeners with cochlear hearing losses. Following Patterson and Nimmo Smith [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 67, 229-245 (1980)], conditions were used where the notch was placed both symmetrically and asymmetrically about the signal frequency. The auditory filter shape for both the low- and high-frequency side of the filter was calculated using the rounded-exponential form of the filter. In six hearing-impaired listeners, the auditory filter shape showed a shallow low-frequency skirt indicating pronounced susceptibility to the upward spread of masking. In two hearing-impaired listeners, the filter shape showed a shallow high-frequency skirt, indicating pronounced susceptibility to the downward spread of masking. Two other listeners with mild threshold losses had steeper and more symmetric filters than normal, suggesting either a small conductive loss or an attenuation factor of sensorineural origin not associated with a degradation of frequency resolution. In the remaining two listeners, the auditory filter had too little selectivity for its shape to be reliably determined. PMID- 6512099 TI - Intensity discrimination: a severe departure from Weber's law. AB - These experiments were designed to assess the importance of different types of information which might be used in detecting intensity changes for pure tones. Thresholds for detecting an intensity change, expressed as 10 log (delta I/I), were measured over a wide range of frequencies and levels under conditions where one or more sources of information was either present or was removed. Spread of excitation was restricted by using bandstop noise centered at the signal frequency. Information conveyed by dynamic responses to signal onsets and offsets was eliminated by masking onsets and offsets with bursts of bandpass noise. Phase locking information was eliminated by using high-frequency signals (above 5 kHz). Dynamic responses to signal onsets and offsets appear to play little role in intensity discrimination. Phase locking does appear to be important since Weber's law or a near-miss to it was observed at low frequencies, whereas at high frequencies performance deteriorated at moderate sound levels, and improved again at high levels. A preliminary experiment, using 225-ms stimuli revealed only a small midlevel deterioration at high frequencies. However, when 30-ms stimuli were used a large deterioration was observed, performance being worse when bandstop noise was presented with the tone. Hence at short durations and high frequencies spread of excitation seems to be important: When it is restricted by bandstop noise values of 10 log (delta I/I) observed at moderate levels it can be as large as 14 dB. The results of the experiments are consistent with a bimodal distribution of thresholds in primary auditory neurons; at intermediate levels neither population will operate effectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6512100 TI - The precedence effect: revisited. AB - The precedence effect, as investigated by Wallach et al. [Am. J. Psychol. 62, 324 336 (1949)] was studied in three experiments. Experiment I was a replication of the original work of Wallach et al. Although the first click pair appears to dominate the perception of the position of the lateral image, the effect of the first click pair does not appear to "offset" or "cancel" the effect of the second click pair in terms of producing a lateral image at midline. The data are consistent with Zurek's [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 67, 952-964 (1980)] proposal that the binaural system is less sensitive to the interaural temporal difference of the second click pair. Experiment II indicated that the effect of the first click pair on lateral judgments still dominates that of the second click pair when the images are judged to be off midline. In all of these studies, the variability of the data is quite high. Experiment III showed that the first click pair also led to a larger change in masked thresholds (masking-level differences, MLDs) than does the second click pair. These data reconfirm the use of two-click stimuli for demonstrations of the precedence effect and they describe some of the limitations of the procedure and the generalities of the effect. PMID- 6512101 TI - The vertebrate ear as an exquisite seismic sensor. AB - The neotropical frog Leptodactylus albilabris exhibits the greatest sensitivity to substrate-borne vibrations (seismic stimuli) reported to date for any terrestrial animal. Nerve fibers from the source of this extraordinary sensitivity in the ear show clear stimulus-evoked modulations of their resting discharge rates in response to sinusoidal seismic stimuli with peak accelerations less than 0.001 cm/s2 (10(-6) g). Evidence indicates that its source is the saccule, an organ of hearing in fish and of balance in man. We report that single vibration-sensitive fibers in the white-lipped frog saturate at (whole animal) displacements of 10 A peak to peak [Fig. 1(b)]. Assuming a conservative 20-dB dynamic range for these fibers, the in vivo frog saccule and the mammalian cochlea exhibit roughly equal sensitivities to displacement. PMID- 6512102 TI - Interaural time sensitivity of high-frequency neurons in the inferior colliculus. AB - Recent psychoacoustic experiments have shown that interaural time differences provide adequate cues for lateralizing high-frequency sounds, provided the stimuli are complex and not pure tones. We present here physiological evidence in support of these findings. Neurons of high best frequency in the cat inferior colliculus respond to interaural phase differences of amplitude modulated waveforms, and this response depends upon preservation of phase information of the modulating signal. Interaural phase differences were introduced in two ways: by interaural delays of the entire waveform and by binaural beats in which there was an interaural frequency difference in the modulating waveform. Results obtained with these two methods are similar. Our results show that high-frequency cells can respond to interaural time differences of amplitude modulated signals and that they do so by a sensitivity to interaural phase differences of the modulating waveform. PMID- 6512103 TI - Short-latency auditory responses obtained by cross correlation. AB - Short-latency auditory responses were derived by cross correlation of pseudorandom white noise with averaged scalp potentials in guinea pigs. The cross correlation functions were characterized by distinct cochlear microphonic and neural components, as distinguished by susceptibility to hypothermia and masking noise. This technique detects only linear, frequency-following responses of the auditory system, and demonstrated neural frequency following up to 3-4 kHz; thresholds were about 30-40 dB spectrum level. While conventional auditory brain stem responses reflect onset neural activity and are most responsive to high frequency stimuli, cross-correlation responses reflect frequency-following activity, primarily to low frequencies, and thus may represent a complementary method of electrophysiologic assessment of the auditory system. Data are very rapidly acquired, and estimation of responses of limited areas of the cochlea may be possible by off-line digital filtering of cross-correlation functions obtained with broadband noise stimuli. PMID- 6512105 TI - Symposium on vaccine preventable diseases on campus. PMID- 6512104 TI - Pulmonary function effects of 1.0 and 2.0 ppm sulfur dioxide exposure in active young male non-smokers. PMID- 6512106 TI - Vaccine preventable disease on campus. PMID- 6512107 TI - Measles: current status and outbreak control on campus. PMID- 6512108 TI - Rubella: current status, diagnosis, outbreak control, and use of rubella vaccine in females of childbearing age. PMID- 6512109 TI - Planning, implementing, and evaluating college-based immunization programs. PMID- 6512110 TI - Process and results of an immunization requirement at the University of Rochester. PMID- 6512111 TI - Measles and rubella immunity: a new requirement. PMID- 6512112 TI - University of Iowa mass immunization program. PMID- 6512113 TI - Guidelines for consultation with university personnel in student psychiatric emergencies. PMID- 6512114 TI - Recent studies in child abuse. Parent-child interactions in abusive and nonabusive families. PMID- 6512115 TI - Maternal psychopathology and perception of child behavior in psychiatrically referred and child maltreatment families. PMID- 6512116 TI - Physical abuse in psychiatrically hospitalized children and adolescents. PMID- 6512117 TI - The unmet psychiatric needs of sexually abused youths: referrals from a child protection agency and clinical evaluations. PMID- 6512118 TI - Neuropsychological, personality, and familial characteristics of physically abused delinquents. PMID- 6512119 TI - Parental composition, supervision, and conduct problems in youths 12 to 17 years old. PMID- 6512120 TI - Assessment of borderline symptomatology in hospitalized adolescents. PMID- 6512121 TI - Effect of piracetam on verbal memory of dyslexic boys. PMID- 6512122 TI - Research in infantile autism: a methodological problem in using language comprehension as the basis for selecting matched controls. PMID- 6512123 TI - Neuropsychiatric testing in an autistic mathematical idiot-savant: evidence for nonverbal abstract capacity. PMID- 6512124 TI - Psychodynamic and family issues in post-divorce child custody litigation. PMID- 6512125 TI - Predictors of falls among institutionalized women with Alzheimer's disease. AB - Falls among elderly residents are a major concern of facilities caring for the aged. A group of institutionalized women with senile dementia of the Alzheimer type (N = 60; mean age 83) were studied longitudinally and evaluated annually on 21 variables of physical, social, emotional, self-care, and cognitive functioning. A substudy of falls they experienced used data from two such annual evaluations. Clinical ratings by the interdisciplinary team estimated 1) the women's changes in function during the preceding year and 2) the current levels of the women's functioning. Separate regressions for each of the two years returned identical significant patterns indicating that ratings of physical vigor were significantly related to number of falls. Those women who had been among the most vigorous in the group but who had shown significant declines in the preceding year were the most vulnerable to falls; women who had been rated as the least vigorous but whose levels of vigor had been stable during the year tended to have fewer falls. Falling therefore appears to be related to the process of decline in vigor among those in the group whose levels of vigor were higher initially. There were corresponding significant declines in emotional and cognitive scales. PMID- 6512126 TI - Day care for dementia patients: an analysis of a four-year program. AB - A day care program for patients with dementia was developed by the Burke Rehabilitation Center in 1979. Sixty-nine patients have taken part in the program, some for as long as three years. The majority of patients stay in the program for one to two years. This pilot program was designed to provide a structured series of daily activities for the patient with dementia and to give those responsible for their care at home a period of freedom each week from the responsibilities of care. The program has been well received by the patients and appreciated by their families. It has not altered the steady progression of intellectual decline. It has made it possible for families to continue to keep patients at home and delay nursing placement or the hiring of additional help at home. It is cost effective when compared with the general alternative of nursing home placement. Similar programs could be conducted outside health care facilities at lower cost to patients and their families. Family support group discussions have eased the burden for the caregiver and have been useful in discovering new ideas for better patient management. PMID- 6512127 TI - Sigmoidal and rectal motility in healthy elderly. AB - Motility in the sigmoid, rectosigmoid, and rectum was studied before, during, and after a 900-kcal meal in 18 healthy elderly and 18 healthy young adults. Three intraluminal pressure transducers spaced 5 cm apart were used for the recording. No differences existed in the percentage activities and the surface areas under the contraction curves (SA) for the corresponding measurements during fasting, during eating, and after consumption of a meal in the elderly and young adults (P greater than 0.1). A 900-kcal meal significantly increased percentage activity and SA in all three recording areas in both the elderly and young adults (P less than 0.02). Percentage activity and SA returned to fasting levels immediately after consumption of the meal. Percentage activity and SA were highest 15 cm above the anal verge in both elderly and young adults. These findings suggest that age and gender do not affect sigmoidal, rectosigmoidal, and rectal motility. PMID- 6512128 TI - Hair and serum copper, zinc, calcium, and magnesium concentrations in Alzheimer type dementia. AB - Several research groups have reported alterations in mineral concentrations in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). A study of serum copper, zinc, magnesium, calcium, and albumin concentrations in outpatients with Alzheimer's disease (in the early-to-middle stages) and in these patients' healthy spouses is reported. Hair concentrations of copper, zinc, magnesium, calcium, and manganese were also measured in these AD patients and controls. No differences in serum of hair concentrations were found, and determinations of these hair and serum mineral concentrations do not appear to be of use in the diagnosis of AD. Significant positive correlations were found between age and hair manganese (Mn) in the control spouses, and a similar (but statistically nonsignificant) trend in the AD patients. PMID- 6512129 TI - Evolution of a geriatric evaluation clinic. AB - Multidisciplinary geriatric evaluation units are being established in hospitals and, to a lesser extent, as outpatient clinics. This paper presents results of a chart audit of 332 patients seen from 1978 to 1982 at a university based geriatric outpatient evaluation unit. The relationships of clinic staffing to types of referrals and other aspects of clinic operation are investigated. During the time under study, the proportion of patients whose problems were medical rather than psychiatric or social increased. Presenting problems varied by referral source. Family and self referrals were most likely to identify a medical presenting problem, while physician and community agency referrals were most likely to identify a psychiatric problem. Patients frequently received diagnoses in areas of function other than those identified as the presenting problems. For example, medical clinicians made at least one psychiatric diagnoses for 86 per cent of patients they evaluated. Important questions about the potential contribution of such geriatrics clinics to health care of the elderly remain to be answered. PMID- 6512130 TI - Freedom, dependency, and the care of the very old. AB - Difficulties exist in making treatment decisions for the very old and dependent patient. In the years to come, these difficulties will increase. It is argued that such persons should not be abandoned to their "rights" as autonomous persons; yet quality of life judgments should also be avoided except in limited circumstances. Since aging is a process of becoming more dependent, the author proposes a dependency rule, by which greater responsibility for treatment decisions falls on care-givers as a person's dependency increases. In place of quality of life judgments he suggests a medical indications policy, if the latter includes restoration of some affective function. Five kinds of freedom are proposed, of which only some are lost in chronic illness and old age. Finally, it is suggested that life itself involves greater interdependence than the autonomy criterion itself can allow. The author focuses on the problem of dependency in the aged and the role an increase in this dependency plays, with corresponding loss of personal autonomy, in quality of life judgments. These, in turn, form the basis for treatment decisions. PMID- 6512131 TI - Brief and appendix for amicus curiae: the American Geriatrics Society. AB - In February 1984, the following "friend of the court" (amicus curiae) brief was submitted to the New Jersey Supreme Court by the American Geriatrics Society to assist in the Court's deliberation in the case known as In re Claire C. Conroy. The Board of Directors of the AGS had decided to undertake this endeaver because the reasoning adopted by the Appellate Division in this case would, if affirmed by the Supreme Court, greatly diminish the capacity of physicians to serve their patients, especially their older patients. The brief was prepared by AGS member Joanne Lynn, MD, and was critiqued, revised, and finally approved by all of the members of the Executive Committee of the Board of Directors. A New Jersey attorney, Mr. Charles Deubel, III, filed the brief and the necessary associated papers on behalf of the AGS and without charge. Expenditures by the AGS in this endeavor totalled less than $300. The Editors of the Journal and the Board of Directors of the AGS would welcome comments from the membership and other concerned persons concerning the content of the brief and the process of developing and submitting it. PMID- 6512132 TI - The functional approach to the care of the elderly: a conceptual framework. AB - A conceptual framework that is based on the biopsychosocial model and focuses on functional status is proposed for the understanding and teaching of the functional approach to health care. Functional status can be viewed as the composition of various biologic, psychologic, and social capabilities that are integrated in order to perform the activities necessary to ensure an individual's well-being. When functional status is threatened by aging or by disease-related deficits, a compensatory response is generated by mobilizing reserve resources/capabilities in an effort to maintain functional status. Since the aging process is characterized by the acquisition of multiple age- and disease related deficits, primary care providers need to appropriately detect functional impairments through multidimensional assessment and orchestrate compensatory responses in an effort to restore, maximize, and maintain functional status and independence for as long as possible. PMID- 6512133 TI - Cardiopulmonary resuscitation of the elderly. AB - Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) has been practiced since 1960. In mixed-age populations there is about a 10 per cent survival rate. Most CPR studies state that "age alone" is not a critical factor in survival. Studies that focus specifically on the elderly suggest that although "age alone" is not a critical survival factor, previous level of function and severity of underlying disease have major effects on CPR outcome. In most medical institutions CPR is undertaken unless a specific "do not resuscitate" order is written. Many impaired and chronically ill elderly therefore undergo unnecessary and unsuccessful CPR. The available data suggest that CPR is suitable for the independent and relatively well elderly to whom CPR measures can be quickly applied. For the chronically dependent and ill elderly, CPR in most instances should not be undertaken. Such an eventuality, however, should be anticipated and whenever possible discussed with patients and family members, thus allowing decisions to be made consciously rather than leaving them "to chance." PMID- 6512134 TI - Increased intracranial pressure and depression in the elderly. PMID- 6512135 TI - Closed intramedullary nailing of tibial fractures in elderly patients. PMID- 6512137 TI - Estrogen therapy for stress incontinence. PMID- 6512136 TI - Nonsurgical management of hip fractures. PMID- 6512138 TI - Hypodermoclysis in the home. PMID- 6512139 TI - Elizabeth Bass, M.D. PMID- 6512140 TI - AWHS: 67 years of service. PMID- 6512141 TI - Those were not the "good old days". PMID- 6512142 TI - A review of intraocular lenses. AB - Intraocular lens implants are being used in ever increasing numbers for the correction of aphakia. For that reason optometrists should familiarize themselves with the types of implants used and the advantages and disadvantages of each. This article will review the types of implants the optometrist is likely to see. The changing trends in implant surgery will be considered along with explanations for the changes. Several studies of patients with implants are reviewed. Finally, a format for evaluating implant patients is presented. PMID- 6512143 TI - The effect of ambient room illumination upon Wayne Saccadic Fixator performance. AB - This paper begins to establish age/grade norms for primary school children using the Wayne Saccadic Fixator. Samplings from three separate school systems provide the data base. Performance strategies are discussed. The norms that are presented vary significantly depending upon ambient room illumination. This bespeaks the need for more thorough documentation of testing conditions when publishing data derived from the Wayne Saccadic Fixator. PMID- 6512144 TI - The clinical significance of the vortex veins. AB - The vortex veins are significant ophthalmoscopic landmarks in the peripheral fundus. Their position provides a consistent vantage point for the clinician to use for orientation in performing binocular indirect ophthalmoscopy. Rarely, vortex veins may be affected by disease. PMID- 6512145 TI - Nearpoint visual stress: a physiological model. AB - The nearpoint visual stress theory holds that a tendency for convergence to localize closer than accommodation is intrinsic to the nearpoint visual demands imposed by our culture. A physiological model is presented, suggesting that this effector system mismatch arises from the activation of autonomic reflexes related to stress, vigilant attention and information-processing. Autonomic arousal exerts a cycloplegic-like effect. Excess accommodative effort, which must be exerted to achieve required accommodation, produces a tendency towards overconvergence. The demand for integration of accommodation and convergence, essential for efficient nearpoint function, is thus incompatible with our own physiology, since autonomic arousal is inherent in task demands for attention and mental effort associated with reading. Additionally, autonomic arousal is generated by the high levels of stress pervasive in our society. Various refractive, binocular and accommodative deviations may arise adaptively in order to resolve this mismatch and facilitate efficient nearpoint visual function. These nearpoint stress-induced visual disorders parallel stress-induced systemic illness in that both result from the activation of physiological processes which are inappropriate for the demands and stresses of our society. PMID- 6512146 TI - An improved technique for collection of human tears. AB - While pursuing a study of lysozyme levels in human tears, the authors were dissatisfied with collection systems previously used. We therefore constructed a new, improved apparatus for tear collection using a thin, flexible polyethylene tube attached to a standard 25-gauge 1.0 cc tuberculin syringe. This system is superior to previously-designed apparati in that it permits the collection of a relatively large volume of tears in a short time without risking damage to delicate ocular structures. This promises to enhance the reliability of tear chemistry research without significantly adulterating the chemical composition of the samples. Typical results for total protein, levels of IgA and lysozyme, and Minimum-Inhibitory-Concentration bioassay of tears are presented to support the authors' position that standard chemical assays are not altered. An additional bonus inherent in this technique is the potential for obtaining larger populations of experimental subjects due to the low level of irritation that subjects experience when tears are sampled. This apparatus is easily amenable to clinical and medical diagnostic studies of tear chemistry in patients suffering from various eye diseases. PMID- 6512147 TI - Hyperemic iris vessels with uveitis. PMID- 6512148 TI - Telescopic correction for VDT usage for a patient with low vision. PMID- 6512149 TI - Health care: a profession or a business? PMID- 6512150 TI - Component evaluation of cup/disk ratio estimation. AB - Cup/disk (C/D) ratio estimation is frequently used to evaluate cupping within the optic nerve head. Two components are involved in the determination of this value: (1) the cup and disk margin determination, and subsequently (2) the magnitude estimation of the cup size relative to the disk size. This study investigated the magnitude estimation component by asking fourth year optometry students to estimate C/D ratios on optic nerve head photographs and drawings. The importance of the magnitude estimation was demonstrated by the high degree of variability among subjects on the nerve head drawings upon which cup and disk margins were presented unambiguously. A subsequent survey of faculty clinicians indicated a large percentage of practitioners (41%) have no method they consciously use to help determine their C/D ratio estimate. A specific method is presented which allows clinicians to simply and logically deduce this magnitude estimation. PMID- 6512152 TI - Fitting toric soft lenses in high astigmats. PMID- 6512151 TI - Eye scan therapy for astigmatism. AB - Two earlier papers introduced a new model of functional astigmatism. The investigation that led to the model indicated a relationship exists between meridional eye scanning habits and the formation of functional astigmatism. The present paper reviews the model and describes a clinical study involving the prescribing of specific eye scan therapy on a meridional basis. The results demonstrate that therapy involving eye scanning procedures has a positive effect on the control and reduction of astigmatism. PMID- 6512153 TI - Progressive addition lenses for deaf lip readers and signers. AB - Deaf patients depend on intermediate vision for interpersonal communication. Deaf presbyopes are at a particular disadvantage since they are usually corrected for near and far vision with bifocals without consideration of their intermediate vision. Progressive addition lenses were used in this study to provide an intermediate correction for a group of deaf presbyopes. The patients' communication ability was tested through Varilux II lenses and habitual bifocals on a series of standardized lip reading and sign language tests. The patients showed better visual communication skills with the progressive adds, a preference for the progressive adds, and the impression of better vision through the progressive addition lens as opposed to their habitual bifocals. PMID- 6512154 TI - Using biofeedback in an exotropic aphake. PMID- 6512155 TI - Successful visual training for alternating sursumduction. PMID- 6512156 TI - Astute observations by parents, teachers aid patient care. PMID- 6512157 TI - Mirror, mirror on the wall ... reflections of yourself and your practice. PMID- 6512158 TI - Blood glutathione as a measure of exposure to toxic compounds. AB - Blood and liver glutathione levels were measured under the effect of an acute exposure to high doses of glutathione-depleting substances. Among direct-acting glutathione-depleting substances, diethyl maleate (0.3, 0.7 and 1.4 ml kg-1) caused a marked reduction of both blood and liver glutathione, whereas methyl iodide (320 mg kg-1) led to a decrease in liver glutathione stores immediately and in blood stores with a longer latency. Indirectly glutathione-depleting substances, like paracetamol (0.5-1.0 g kg-1) and styrene (250 mg kg-1), caused a reduction of liver glutathione, but not a similar reduction of blood glutathione. Blood glutathione is not a good measure of organ glutathione stores when dealing with indirect-acting glutathione-depleting substances. PMID- 6512159 TI - Short-term systems to assess thiophosphoryl chloride standards. AB - The rat acute oral LD50 value of PSCl3 is 750 mg per kg body weight. A rat 90-day oral feeding study at dose levels of 7.5 mg (P1) and 37.5 mg (P5) per kg resulted in increased body weight gain. Other responses inconsistently varied between dose levels. At 7.5 mg kg-1, a trend towards enhancement of relative weight of liver, spleen, kidney and adrenals was noted; at 37.5 mg kg-1, decreasing relative spleen and adrenal weights were observed. The most of the hematological and biochemical changes in blood serum cannot be believed to be transitory adaptive changes, but valid toxic effects. On the other hand, there are some indicators that suggest a possible trophic effect of this compound. However, the reversible dystrophic changes in liver, as well as the histochemical and histoenzymical results, require us to take into account that inactive chronic hepatitis could be reactivated by further toxic insult. A teratology study demonstrated increased number, body weight and length of fetuses, without apparent pathological events (tumors, external malformations). A mutagenicity test performed on rat femoral bone marrow after 30-days feeding of 37.5 mg kg-1 did not indicate any significant change in the incidence of chromosomal aberrations, compared with the control group. The recommended maximum allowable concentration in the working zone for thiophosphoryl chloride in air was set at 3 mg m-3. PMID- 6512160 TI - Normal organic and inorganic mercury levels in the human feto-placental system. AB - To clarify the normal metabolism of mercurials in the human feto-placental system, organic (or methyl) mercury and inorganic mercury were measured in maternal blood (MB), umbilical cord blood (UB), and chorionic tissues of the placenta (PC) and its blood vessels (PV), obtained from pregnant women just after delivery, as well as in fetal liver and fetal brain from induced abortion cases. Organic mercury was commonly detected in MB, UB, PC and PV, with slightly more elevated values in UB and PC than in MB, whereas inorganic mercury was detected in PC and PV, but not in MB and UB. In the fetal liver, 27-60% of mercury was in the form of inorganic mercury, whilst in four of five fetal brain samples, inorganic mercury was not detected. Additionally, fetal liver demethylation activity was studied in vitro. Incubation of methyl mercury with chopped fetal liver tissue for 24 h resulted in demethylation of approximately 1% of the methyl mercury. PMID- 6512161 TI - Acute target organ toxicity of 1-nitronaphthalene in the rat. AB - 1-Nitronaphthalene (1-NN) produced respiratory distress and centrilobular liver necrosis in male Sprague-Dawley rats after a single intraperitoneal injection (100 mg kg-1). Microscopic examination of the lungs of rats killed 24 h after the injection revealed a highly selective non-ciliated bronchiolar (Clara) cell necrosis as the only remarkable lesion. Pretreatment of animals with phenobarbital offered complete protection from the respiratory distress induced by 1-NN, but increased the severity of the hepatotoxicity. Pretreatment with SKF 525A protected against 1-NN-induced liver necrosis, but did not alter the incidence or severity of the respiratory distress. Under similar conditions, this pattern of toxicity was not seen with the structural analogue 2-nitronaphthalene. PMID- 6512162 TI - A comparison of two methods of bleeding rats: the venous plexus of the eye versus the vena sublingualis. AB - Of paramount importance to most toxicological studies in rats is the evaluation of hematological and clinical chemistry parameters. Currently, the principle bleeding method utilizes the venous plexus of the eye. This procedure has no detrimental effect on the general health of the animal and yields a sufficient quantity of blood, but has the potential disadvantage of damaging the eye. To avoid this disadvantage, a method was developed which is simple to perform, yields a sufficient quantity of blood and leaves the eye unimpaired. Samples are taken from the vena sublingualis. In order to compare the two methods, a study was initiated to determine the effect on body weight and food consumption as well as to compare hematological and serum chemistry parameters. The results showed that drawing blood from the vena sublingualis did not affect body weight or food consumption, and no significant differences were found in the hematological or serum chemistry values obtained by either method. PMID- 6512163 TI - Excretion and peripheral metabolism of 1, 2-3H-testosterone and androgens in rats following intoxication with organophosphorous insecticides. 1--Acute exposure. AB - The effects of methylbromphenvinfos (MBFV) and fenitrothion on androgen levels, excretion and peripheral metabolism were studied in male rats. The insecticides were administered orally in high, single doses. Plasma testosterone levels and urinary excretion of 11-deoxy-17-ketosteroids had increased 24 and 48 h after MBVF administration. During the same time period, fenitrothion reduced plasma and urine androgens, but after 72 h significant increases in steroid levels and excretion were apparent. Investigation of the peripheral metabolism of 3H testosterone indicated that fenitrothion markedly diminished the urinary excretion of 3H-androstenedione during the first 48 h and then increased its level after 72 h. Simultaneously, 3H-testosterone elimination was increased during the first 24-48 h and then decreased after 72 h. These data suggest that MBFV and fenithrothion in high doses can produce significant alteration in physiological hormonal balance of the male reproductive system. PMID- 6512164 TI - Comparative effects of various lead salts on delayed hypersensitivity in mice. AB - Intraperitoneal administration of lead acetate, lead carbonate, lead chloride, lead nitrate or lead oxide at 0.5 or 6 mg per kg per day on five consecutive days was found to produce diverging effects on delayed hypersensitivity to sheep erythrocytes in Balb/c mice according to the salt used. Lead carbonate, lead nitrate and lead oxide exerted immunosuppressing properties, while lead acetate and lead chloride enhanced this cell-mediated immune response. From these findings, it is concluded that lead immunotoxicity critically depends on which salt is present. PMID- 6512165 TI - Administration of activated charcoal for the treatment of lantana poisoning of sheep and cattle. AB - The use of activated charcoal for treating lantana poisoning was investigated. When 500 g of activated charcoal was given orally with toxic Lantana camara, it protected sheep against intoxication. Administration to sheep of 500 g of activated charcoal in 4 1 of electrolyte solution orally 6 days after the onset of lantana poisoning and then 4 1 of electrolyte solution the next day, was followed by recovery from the intoxication. Mortality was significantly higher in intoxicated sheep given only the electrolyte solution and in untreated sheep. Six cows with naturally occurring lantana poisoning were treated with 2-2.5 kg of charcoal in 20-30 1 of electrolyte solution given by stomach tube and all the animals recovered. It is recommended that sheep with lantana poisoning be treated orally with 500 g of activated charcoal in 4 1 of electrolyte solution, and that cattle be given 2 kg of charcoal in 20 1 of electrolyte solution. Supportive treatment for photosensitization and dehydration may also be required. PMID- 6512166 TI - Vitamin E improves membrane lipid alterations induced by CCl4 intoxication. AB - The effect of pretreatment with vitamin E on membrane lipid alterations produced by the acute intoxication with CCl4 was studied. Rats were treated with an oral dose of CCl4 (0.4 g per 100 g body weight) and 24 h later the animals were sacrificed and liver plasma membranes isolated. After extraction, the membrane lipids were analysed by thin-layer chromatography and quantitated by densitometry. The phospholipid: protein ratio determined in plasma membranes of CCl4-treated rats was almost three-fold higher than that found in control animals. Sphingomyelin (Sph) and phospharidyl choline (PC) increased, while phosphatidyl ethanolamine (PE) decreased in the plasma membranes isolated from the CCl4-treated group. Animals pretreated for 7 days with a daily dose of vitamin E (200 IU per kg body weight) showed a lower increase in the phospholipid: protein ratio (two-fold) and the changes in Sph, PC and PE were lower. When the rats were pretreated with a higher dose of vitamin E (400 IU per kg body weight) for the same period, the lipid composition of plasma membrane was normal. These results indicate that vitamin E can protect against the alterations induced by CCl4 on the liver membranes. The protective action of vitamin E against CCl4 membrane damage is probably associated with its antioxidant properties. PMID- 6512167 TI - Quantitative analysis of alpha, beta-thujone, pulegone, safrole, coumarin and beta-asarone in alcoholic beverages by selected-ion monitoring. AB - Interest in the quantitative analysis of flavouring agents in alcoholic beverages arises from the possible toxicological consequences deriving from their use. The method reported here, based on gas chromatography with selected-ion monitoring mass spectrometry (SIM), allows the simultaneous measurement of alpha, beta thujone, pulegone, safrole, coumarin and beta-asarone at the ppb level in alcoholic beverages. PMID- 6512168 TI - Sub-acute versus sub-chronic oral toxicity study in rats: comparative study of 82 compounds. AB - Toxicity data of 82 compounds, tested in both a sub-acute and a sub-chronic study, were evaluated to find out whether it is possible to substitute a sub acute for a sub-chronic study without losing quantitative information. The no effect level (NEL) and the minimal-effect level (MEL) were used as the basis for comparison. For each of the compounds, the sub-acute and sub-chronic studies were performed under similar conditions, with the same strain of rats and with a comparable range of dietary levels. It appeared that the NEL in the sub-acute study was equal to the NEL in the sub-chronic study for 56% of the compounds. For 44% of the compounds reviewed, the NEL in the sub-chronic test was lower than the NEL in the sub-acute test, indicating that a sub-chronic study cannot simply be replaced by a sub-acute study. However, it may be acceptable to use the NEL obtained in a sub-acute study as a basis for establishing acceptable daily intakes or permissible exposure levels for humans if an additional safety factor of 10 is applied. Furthermore, it was concluded that the conventional sub-acute study, including some selected haematological and biochemical parameters, seems extremely useful to obtain quick and reliable information on the toxicity of the numerous non-regulated chemicals which have to be investigated in the years to come. PMID- 6512169 TI - Effects of adrenergic agonists on electrolyte transport in perfused salivary duct of rat. AB - The Na and Cl absorption and K secretion that occur in the main duct of rat submandibular gland are affected by adrenergic actions. The specific effects of stimulation of alpha-, beta 1- and beta 2-adrenergic receptors on net transepithelial fluxes of Na, K and Cl were investigated in microperfused main excretory duct of rat submandibular gland. Administration of methoxamine (2.5 micrograms . kg-1 . min-1, i.v.) resulted in marked decreases in net efflux (or absorption) of Na (38%) from the duct into the interstitial fluid and net influx (or secretion) of K (20%) from interstitial fluid into the ductal lumen without any effect on net efflux or reabsorption of Cl. A higher dose of methoxamine (5 micrograms . kg-1 . min-1, i.v.) produced further inhibition of net fluxes of Na and K without affecting net flux of Cl. Dobutamine (50 micrograms . kg-1 . min-1, i.v.) enhanced net effluxes of Na (40%) and Cl (300%) from the lumen but did not alter net K influx into the lumen. When the dosage of dobutamine was increased to 200 micrograms . kg-1 . min-1, an inhibition of net influx of K (28%) into ductal fluid was observed in addition to enhanced net fluxes of Na and Cl from the lumen. Administration of terbutaline (15 and 30 micrograms . kg-1 . min-1, i.v.) decreased net influx of K (30-40%) and increased net efflux of Cl (280%) without affecting net efflux of Na.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6512170 TI - An ultrastructural study of intrarenal catecholamine-containing elements. AB - Histochemical visualization of catecholamines and electron microscopy in the same tissue sample were used to localize and study catecholamine-containing nerve enlargements or swellings in male Wistar and Sprague-Dawley rat kidneys. These swellings lie in the perivascular nerve plexuses of arcuate and interlobular arteries near the points of origin of arterioles, and are composed of modified axons and associated Schwann cells. Transverse sections of the enlarged nerves reveal that individual axons are also enlarged, have processes or folds and make contact with one another. The axonal enlargements contain small mitochondria with a dense matrix and clusters of small vesicles, many of which are associated with an organelle composed of parallel cisternae of smooth membranes. PMID- 6512171 TI - Evaluation of the cardiovascular regulatory mechanisms in the medulla oblongata of the rat: low-intensity electrical activation. AB - Focal low-intensity (10-20 muA) electrical stimulation in pentobarbital anesthetized rats evoked both hyper- and hypotension from either nucleus reticularis parvocellularis or nucleus reticularis gigantocellularis, the respective representative for classical 'pressor' nd 'depressor' areas in the medulla oblongata. The crucial determinants for the degree of such arterial pressure fluctuations appeared to be the pulse frequency and/or intensity of the activating train pulses. It is suggested that neurons responsible for promoting hyper- and hypotension may exist in intermingled populations within each of these two reticular nuclei, and may possess differential sensitivities to the trainpulse frequency/current intensity used in electrical stimulation. PMID- 6512172 TI - Plasma catecholamines and local modifications of sympathetic nervous activity. PMID- 6512173 TI - Small fluorescent cells in the rat kidney contain 5-hydroxytryptamine not a catecholamine. AB - The rat kidney contains and excretes more dopamine than can be attributed solely to its originating from intrarenal noradrenergic nerves and plasma-free dopamine. It has recently been suggested that the source of this excess dopamine may be a population of small cells that are present in the renal medulla, and which by fluorescence and electron microscopy appear to contain high concentrations of a monoamine. We have therefore further investigated these cells. After formaldehyde treatment the fluorescence of the cells was characteristic of indoleamines rather than of catecholamine-containing structures. They did not form a visible precipitate with chromium salts in the classic chromaffin reaction. DOPA decarboxylase-like immunoreactivity was present in the adrenal medulla but not in the intrarenal cells or in mesenteric mast cells. 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)-like immunoreactivity was seen in the intrarenal cells and in mesenteric mast cells, but was not evident in adrenal medullary cells. These results indicate that the intrarenal cells are 5-HT-containing mast cells and do not contribute to renal dopamine production. PMID- 6512174 TI - Distribution of intravascularly injected lanthanum ions in ganglia of the autonomic nervous system of the rat. AB - Intravascular injection of lanthanum revealed that tight junctions of capillaries in sympathetic ganglia are impermeable to small ions and thus behave like capillaries of the blood-brain barrier. The failure of lanthanum to accumulate in the extracellular space suggests that fenestrated capillaries are not as ion permeable as use of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) by some authors has indicated. A possible toxic action associated with high concentrations of HRP may be responsible for the high permeability of this substance. Testing with lanthanum demonstrated that sympathetic ganglia possess anatomic features that provide a hematic barrier. The blood-ganglion barrier resembles, but has not yet been demonstrated to be as absolute as the blood-brain barrier. PMID- 6512175 TI - Cycle length dependence of the chronotropic effects of adrenaline, acetylcholine, Ca2+ and Mg2+ in the Guinea-pig sinoatrial node. AB - Ca (1.1-5.5 mM) has a positive chronotropic action on isolated right atria of the guinea-pig. The magnitude of the response depends on the cycle length. Magnitude and cycle length dependence of the Ca response are independent of beta-blockade by propranolol. Mg (0.6-6.0 mM) has a negative chronotropic action. At 6.0 mM it interferes with responses to adrenaline and acetylcholine by preventing pacemaker shifts. Adrenaline has a positive chronotropic action in a cycle length dependent manner. A shift of pacemaker dominance under the influence of adrenaline to an identical site in all preparations (as in the rabbit) was not observed. However, pacemaker shifts in the presence of adrenaline do occur and they are always directed towards the inferior part of the node. Acetylcholine has a negative chronotropic action, independent of cycle length. Acetylcholine also induces pacemaker shifts. Contrary to the pacemaker shifts caused by adrenaline, the new, acetylcholine-induced pacemaker center, has an identical site in all preparations. This was previously observed in the rabbit too. The acetylcholine induced center is located about 1 mm inferior from the primary center. During exposure to acetylcholine different action potentials may be recorded at the epi- and endocardial side of the preparation, but only close to the Ach-induced center. The acetylcholine-induced center is located at the epicardial side. The response to acetylcholine predominates over the response to adrenaline. All results are discussed in comparison with our previous findings in the rabbit. PMID- 6512176 TI - Effects of D-glucose anomers on sweetness, taste and gastric acid secretion in man. AB - Gastric acid outputs were examined in human subjects after lingual applications of d-glucose and its anomers. A dose-dependent increase in the acid output was noted following the application of equilibrated D-glucose consisting of 36% alpha and 64% beta-anomer. The response was not reproduced after administration of atropin. The magnitude of acid output produced by alpha-anomer was different from that induced by beta-anomer in men who could not differentiate between sweetness of the two anomers. Results indicate that recognition of sweetness in the cortex is unrelated to the gastric response, and suggest that a subcortical mechanism may detect qualitative differences in taste and produce the oral phase of gastric acid secretion via vagus action in humans. PMID- 6512177 TI - The localization of vagal neurons in the terrapin (Trionyx sinensis) as revealed by the retrograde horseradish peroxidase method. AB - After the application of horseradish peroxidase in Nonidet P40 solution to the right cervical vagus in the terrapin, the neurons giving origin to efferent fibers and the transganglionic sensory fibres are labeled. The neurons forming the vagus nerve at the mid-cervical level are located in the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus nerve (DMX), in the nucleus ambiguus (NA), in an area located ventral to the DMX, and less definitely in the nucleus of the spinal accessory nerve. The DMX and NA neurons are bilaterally distributed with a predominant ipsilateral component. Labeled DMX neurons appear to have a slightly more extensive distribution than those in mammals and their dendrites extend to the nucleus of the tractus solitarius, hypoglossal nucleus (HN), lateral wall and floor of the 4th ventricle and a region dorsomedial to the HN. Some recurrent collaterals of the DMX neurons loop round the medial longitudinal fasciculus to end in a region immediately ventrolateral to the DMX. Transganglionic sensory fibers course with the tractus solitarius and spinal tract of the trigeminal nerve to end in the respective nucleus associated with the tract. PMID- 6512178 TI - Histofluorescent and radioenzymatic analysis of colonic catecholamines in man. AB - Colonic tissues from patients with ulcerative colitis (UC), ileal tissue from patients with Crohn's disease (CD), and other ileocolonic disorders were radioenzymatically assayed for norepinephrine (NE) and dopamine (DA). These assays showed that the NE content of UC colon ranged from 3.2 to 4.3 ng/mg wet tissue, while in other colonic disorders it ranged from 3.0 to 5.3 ng/mg. Similarly, the DA content of UC colon ranged from 0.42 to 1.17 ng/mg wet tissue, while for other colonic disorders it ranged from 0.48 to 0.89 ng/mg. The same tissues were examined histochemically using glyoxylic acid condensation of catecholamines (CA) for the semi-quantitation of CA-containing structures. Examination of these structures revealed an apparent increase in their staining intensity in the myenteric plexus in ulcerative colitis as compared to other colonic disorders. Morphologically, the CA-containing structures of the colon appeared to be increased in UC, but determination of the NE and DA concentrations in colonic samples revealed no statistically significant differences in comparable regions of the colon. PMID- 6512179 TI - Alteration of adrenal catecholamine levels in the rat after dietary calcium and vitamin D deficiencies. PMID- 6512180 TI - Uptake of estrone and estrone-3-sulfate by lung of macaca fuscata. AB - An equimolar mixture of 3H-E1-S2 and 14C-E1 was injected in one shot into the inferior vena cava near the heart of female Japanese monkey. Following the injection, blood was collected from the aortic arch at intervals of 15 s over a period of 10 min. The concentration of radioactivities in the whole blood and serum was measured. The metabolites were analyzed by DEAE-Sephadex A-25 column chromatography, enzyme hydrolysis, thin layer chromatography and paper chromatography. Both radioactivities of 3H-E1-S and 14C-E1 rapidly decreased in the first 90-s serum sample. The 3H/14C ratio in the 0-15-s serum sample was 5 times higher than the initial ratio of injected compounds. The radioactivities in the serum gradually decreased after 90 s of injection. The 3H/14C ratio in the pulmonary tissue was very low after collecting the final blood sample. This result shows that the most of 3H-E1-S passed through the lung and the larger part of 14C-E1 remained in the lung following injection of these materials. So, it is probable that E1-S is in a form to be carried in the general circulation. PMID- 6512181 TI - Altered dopaminergic modulation of sympathetic nervous system activity in idiopathic edema. AB - Hormonal and mean arterial pressure responses to posture and isometric handgrip exercise were examined in 6 women with idiopathic edema and 10 age- and weight matched normal women before and after 5-7 days of administration of the dopamine agonist, bromocriptine (2.5 mg three times a day). Edema patients demonstrated greater orthostatic weight gain, greater upright epinephrine values, and greater supine and upright norepinephrine values than did the control group. However, supine and upright plasma dopamine levels were similar in the two groups. In edema patients there was a greater supine and posture related norepinephrine and epinephrine to dopamine ratio than in normal controls. These abnormalities were not corrected by treatment with bromocriptine. Supine and upright plasma norepinephrine and epinephrine levels were decreased following bromocriptine treatment in normal subjects but not in edema patients. These data are consistent with the concept that there is decreased dopaminergic regulation of sympathetic nervous activity in patients with idiopathic edema. PMID- 6512182 TI - Serum thyroglobulin in newborns' cord blood, in childhood and adolescence: a physiological indicator of thyroidal status. AB - Serum thyroglobulin (Tg) was measured in the cord blood of 635 newborns and serum thyroxine (T4) reverse triiodothyronine (rT3), TSH and T3 were measured in about 200 of them. Cord Tg was detectable in all newborns with a mean +/- SE value (50 +/- 1.3 ng/ml) higher than that found in the serum of adult subjects (n = 144; Tg = 13 +/- 1.1; p less than 0.0001). Cord Tg had a log-normal distribution. A low, but positive correlation was found between cord Tg and cord TSH (n = 242; r = 0.17; p less than 0.05) but not with cord T4 or cord rT3. Gestational age was negatively correlated with cord Tg or cord rT3 (rS = 0.97; p less than 0.01; rS = -0.89; p less than 0.02, respectively) while was positively correlated with cord T4 or cord TSH (rS = 0.85; p less than 0.05; rS = 0.86; p less than 0.01, respectively). Birth weight, maternal diabetes, induction of labor with oxitocin, cesarian section and newborns' illness showed no influence on cord Tg levels when considered alone, but decreased cord Tg levels were found in ill newborns delivered by cesarian section. On the contrary, increased cord Tg levels were present in cord blood of newborns who developed hypoglycemia soon after birth and in small for gestational age newborns. In 24 newborns studied daily for the first 6 days of life, serum Tg was always detectable with mean values not different from those found in the cord blood.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6512184 TI - An exceptionally monstrous goiter in Europe. PMID- 6512183 TI - Thyrotoxic periodic paralysis in a black male. AB - The findings and course in a 55-year-old Black man with thyrotoxic periodic paralysis are described. This disorder appears to have a strong predilection for Orientals (approximately 90% of reported cases) with occasional reports in Caucasians and only one previous description in a Black. HLA phenotyping of the reported patient demonstrated neither of the two genetic markers previously noted among Chinese with thyrotoxic periodic paralysis, indicating that these haplotypes do not serve as markers for the disorder in Blacks. PMID- 6512185 TI - Opposition of the thumb: an anatomic and biomechanical study of tendon transfers. AB - Tendon transfers for opposition of the thumb were anatomically and biomechanically studied to help determine the optimal criteria for selecting the best motor unit for a transfer. Forearm and hand muscle volume, mean fiber length, and cross-sectional area were measured in eight fresh specimens of the upper extremity to determine which muscles best replace lost thenar muscle strength. In a separate group of 18 specimens, the effective moment arms for abduction and flexion of the first metacarpal were calculated in vitro and from biplanar radiographic techniques to determine the effect of eight different opposition transfers on thumb abduction, rotation, and strength. Results of these studies demonstrate that the transfers of flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS) of the long finger and extensor carpi ulnaris best replaced lost thenar muscle strength and provided maximal abduction and near full thumb rotation. The transfers of the extensor carpi radialis longus and the FDS of the ring finger replaced 60% and 40% of required thenar muscle strength, respectively. The palmaris longus was the least effective transfer, having good abduction but weak flexion and opposition. Motion, balance, and strength of tendon transfers must be considered for effective thumb opposition. PMID- 6512186 TI - The excursion of the tendon of flexor pollicis longus and its relation to dynamic splintage. AB - In a cadaveric study the excursion of the flexor pollicis longus tendon has been measured over the proximal phalanx and metacarpal bones in relation to the angles of flexion of the interphalangeal (IP) and metacarpophalangeal (MP) joints. A small amount of tendon excursion is noted (1.3 mm for 10 degrees of IP joint flexion alone, 1.6 mm for 10 degrees of MP joint motion alone). It is emphasized that there is no tendon excursion over the proximal phalanx on MP joint motion. The significance of these measurements is considered in relation to current techniques of dynamic mobilization after tendon repair. Fixation of the MP joint and mobilization of the IP joint alone can achieve on an average a 70% increase in tendon excursion at the repair site over the proximal phalanx in comparison with dynamic splintage allowing free motion of both joints. The increase in excursion is greater in patients with more mobile MP joints. PMID- 6512187 TI - Microvascular reconstruction for close-range gunshot injuries to the distal forearm. AB - Three patients with compound defects in the distal forearm resulting from close range gunshot injuries were treated with a free microvascular composite groin flap. The composite flap, which consisted of groin skin, the iliac crest, and abdominal muscles, was used to cover the exposed nerves, tendons, and vessels in one stage. The iliac crest replaced the segmental radial and ulnar defects, and the attached muscles were placed deep to the tendons to provide a gliding surface and to prevent adhesions to the bone. "Sandwiching" the damaged nerves and tendons between highly vascular soft tissue has the potential to improve tendon excursion, nerve regeneration, and ultimately the functional result in the hand. This microvascular reconstruction is presented as an alternative to conventional staged skin flap transfer and cancellous bone grafting. PMID- 6512188 TI - Evaluation of survival in digital replantation with thermometric monitoring. AB - Since January 1981, we have used the Exacon thermometer to monitor skin temperature of 180 completely amputated digits during and after replantation surgery. When skin temperature on the first day after surgery was above 32 degrees, 153 of 154 replanted digits survived. In contrast, when skin temperature was 32 degrees or lower, 22 of 26 replanted digits failed. Data were analyzed by the Probit model, which indicated that skin temperature monitoring with 32 degrees as critical temperature is significant at P = 0.01. Also, critical temperature was tested in the range of 31.0 degrees to 33 degrees at intervals of 0.1 degree. We found the probability of predicting the viability for replanted digits is highest when skin temperature is 32 degrees or higher. PMID- 6512189 TI - Class IIA ring avulsion injuries: an absolute indication for microvascular repair. AB - The class II ring avulsion category, includes those patients in whom only digital arteries are damaged but all other structures are intact and functional (here labeled class IIA). Current literature suggests this is a rare lesion. Seven patients with this specific injury in whom the affected digits were nonviable are reported. Four of the seven were misdiagnosed on initial emergency room evaluation. Two did not seek additional medical attention and the condition progressed to necrosis and amputation. The other two, who sought additional treatment because of progressive ischemia, and three additional patients who were correctly diagnosed on initial examination underwent simple digital arterial repair. All digits operated on survived and demonstrated near normal function. Since failure to operate results in digital loss, this is an absolute indication for microvascular repair. PMID- 6512191 TI - Digital ischemia secondary to thrombosis of a persistent median artery. AB - Digital ischemia secondary to either ulnar arterial or digital arterial thrombosis has been well described. To our knowledge, digital ischemia secondary to thrombosis of a persistent median artery has not been previously reported in the English literature. PMID- 6512190 TI - Elective free vascularized double transfer of toe joint from second toe to proximal interphalangeal joint of index finger: a case report. AB - Alternatives to the treatment of major injuries to the proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint include fusion, implant arthroplasty, perichondrial grafting, single autogenous free vascularized transfer, and double autogenous free vascularized transfer. A patient presented a gunshot wound to the index finger with loss of skin and extensor tendon and PIP joint disruption. The finger was reconstructed with a composite free flap of skin and extensor tendon and PIP and distal interphalangeal joints of the second toe. A follow-up of 10 months is presented, which demonstrates PIP joint motion and finger function. PMID- 6512192 TI - Spontaneous retrocarpal radial artery thrombosis: a report of two cases. AB - Two patients with spontaneous retrocarpal radial artery thrombosis are reported. Both patients had numbness and cold intolerance of the thumb and index finger and one patient had splinter hemorrhages. Angiography revealed identical occlusions of the radial artery over a 2.5 cm segment dorsal to the wrist. Both patients had complete palmar arches. Flow from the ulnar artery was sufficient to prevent frank necrosis of the thumb but not to prevent ischemic symptoms. Both patients were successfully treated by resection of the area of thrombosis and interpositional vein grafting by use of microsurgical techniques. Symptoms resolved after operation in both cases. Follow-up examinations 3 months and 5 1/2 years later revealed continued graft patency. PMID- 6512193 TI - Sterling Bunnell Traveling Fellowship report-1983. Amputation stump closure--a reconstructive procedure, not a failure. PMID- 6512195 TI - Intercarpal arthrodesis in the management of chronic carpal instability after trauma. AB - A retrospective review of five patients with chronic carpal instability resulting from trauma suggests that this condition can be successfully treated by intercarpal arthrodesis. Scaphoid-lunate fusion was used to treat chronic dorsal intercalary segment instability, while scaphoid-capitate-lunate fusion was used to treat chronic palmar intercalary segment instability. Results after intercarpal arthrodesis were consistently good, with restoration of painless function, preservation of grip strength, and a high degree of patient satisfaction. Although a fibrous union was obtained in two of the three scaphoid lunate arthrodeses, this did not prejudice a good clinical outcome. These results compare favorably to those with other treatment modalities, including ligamentous reconstructions with tendons. Based on these findings, a more extensive clinical trial of intercarpal arthrodesis to treat chronic carpal instability appears warranted. PMID- 6512194 TI - Continuous axillary block through an indwelling Teflon catheter. AB - Continuous regional anesthesia through a catheter placed in the axillary sheath has been an effective method of brachial plexus neural blockade. This article confirms this observation and demonstrates that continuous axillary block is useful in replantation surgery to provide anesthesia and analgesia in addition to sympathetic blockade for up to 7 days after operation. This anesthetic technique may allow extensive revascularization or replantation procedures to be performed for patients who could not safely tolerate prolonged application of general anesthesia. PMID- 6512196 TI - Traumatic dorsal dislocation of the triquetrum: a case report. AB - A case of traumatic dorsal dislocation of the triquetrum associated with direct trauma is reported. Diagnosis was delayed, and open reduction and internal fixation with Kirschner wire was performed 7 days after injury. Eight months afterwards, the patient had good alignment of the carpus assessed radiographically, with full range of motion of the wrist and normal grip strength. PMID- 6512197 TI - Displaced vertical fracture of the trapezium treated with a small cancellous lag screw. AB - A displaced vertical fracture of the trapezium with associated dislocation of the base of the thumb metacarpal was restored by the cancellous compression lag screw technique. Excellent results were achieved in terms of union, joint restoration, and function. PMID- 6512198 TI - Scapholunate dissociation from a fall on the elbow. AB - We report an undescribed mechanism of injury that caused scapholunate dissociation. Scapholunate dissociation has been previously described as resulting from a fall on the outstretched hand. In this case injury was caused by a fall on the elbow. The mechanism is compared to that of an axe head that is repositioned by butting the handle of the axe on the ground. Recognition of this mechanism may help in the diagnosis of this injury. PMID- 6512199 TI - Aneurysmal bone cyst of the hamate bone. AB - An aneurysmal bone cyst (ABC) is an uncommon benign bone lesion that principally occurs in long bones and in the vertebral column. The appearance of ABC in carpal bones is very rare. We report a case of ABC that occurred in the hamate bone. PMID- 6512200 TI - Diagnostic and therapeutic value of carpal tunnel injection. AB - This retrospective study documents the diagnostic and therapeutic value of steroid injections in patients with carpal tunnel syndrome. Two hundred eighty one injections in 233 patients were done by one surgeon who used the same technique. Adequate follow-up ranging from 6 to 45 months was obtained in 199 patients (222 wrists). Injection of the carpal tunnel is an effective, albeit usually transient, therapeutic modality. Eighty-one percent of the patients obtained good or complete relief lasting from 1 day to 45 months. In most of these, symptoms began to recur after about 2 to 4 months (average 3.3 months), but in only 46% were recurrent symptoms severe enough to warrant surgical treatment. Twenty of the patients injected had no recurrence of symptoms for periods ranging from 10 to 45 months. Results of this study suggest that carpal tunnel injection is also a reasonably accurate diagnostic test. Ninety-nine wrists in 89 patients were subsequently treated surgically. Correlations between results of injections and subsequent operations indicate that a good response to injection is an excellent diagnostic and prognostic sign. However, the converse is not true; poor relief from injection does not necessarily mean that the patient is a poor candidate for surgery. PMID- 6512201 TI - Pigmented villonodular synovitis of the wrist invading bone--report of a case. AB - Pigmented villonodular synovitis of the wrist joint invading adjacent bones rarely occurs. A case in which synovitis invaded the carpal and metacarpal bones at the ulnar aspect of the wrist is described. The invasion of multiple bones by the tumor and its histologic hypercellularity in this case caused concern because of its aggressive behavior. However, review of the literature on pigmented villonodular synovitis arising at the wrist and invading adjacent bones and follow-up of our patient confirmed its benign character. PMID- 6512202 TI - A technique of distraction osteosynthesis in the hand. AB - Moderate digital lengthening may be accomplished with a step osteotomy that preserves attached sleeves of periosteum. A new external fixation apparatus, the Mini-H-Fixator, allows gradual distraction and solid bone fixation after surgery and facilitates this operation. The advantage of this procedure is that it results in rapid bone formation in the osteotomy gaps, obviating the need for bone grafting. PMID- 6512203 TI - Isolated aplasia of the flexor pollicis longus: a case report. AB - A case of isolated aplasia of the flexor pollicis longus is reported. Function was supplied by a two-stage transfer of the superficialis tendon of the ring finger. PMID- 6512204 TI - Melorheostosis of the upper limb: a report of two cases. AB - The etiology, diagnosis, and treatment of two cases of melorheostosis are reported. The hyperostotic lesion corresponded well with both C7 and C8 segments of a sclerotome. The accompanying subcutaneous tumors in case 1 originated from the medical cutaneous nerve of the forearm, whose axons were coming mainly from the C8 dorsal root ganglion. These findings strongly suggest that the primary disorder exists in sensory nerves. Pain originating from the hyperostosis could be suppressed by the disodium salt of (1-hydroxyethylidene) diphosphonic acid. PMID- 6512205 TI - Calcinosis of the flexor and extensor tendons in dermatomyositis--case report. AB - The case of a young female child with dermatomyositis and flexion contracture in the dominant hand secondary to calcinosis is presented. Function was improved by flexor tenosynovectomy and removal of calcium deposits. PMID- 6512206 TI - Perichondrial resurfacing arthroplasty in the hand. AB - A retrospective study of 36 perichondrial resurfacing arthroplasties, 16 metacarpophalangeal (MP) joints, and 20 proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joints with a minimum follow-up of 3 years was conducted to further define indication and contraindication of this procedure. The overall results for MP joints were 56% good, 25% fair, and 19% revision, and for PIP joints, 55% good, 15% fair, and 30% revision. All arthroplasties for healed pyarthrosis failed. Concomitant tendon repair was a cofactor in the high failure rate. Patient age had a direct influence on the outcome of the arthroplasty. In MP joint arthroplasties, 100% of patients in their 20s had good results and 75% in their 30s had good results. In PIP joint arthroplasties, 75% of patients in their teens and 66% in their 20s had good results. Good results were not recorded in MP or PIP joints for patients older than 40 years of age. Perichondrial resurfacing arthroplasty should be considered contraindicated in the treatment of arthropathies resulting from healed pyarthrosis, systemic diseases with joint involvement, concomitant tendon reconstruction, and age over 40 years. The procedure is indicated and can be utilized in the treatment of traumatic arthritis of the MP and PIP joints of the hand in young individuals. PMID- 6512207 TI - Tendon transfer for the restoration of upper limb function after a cervical spinal cord injury. AB - During the past 22 years, 68 patients with cervical spinal cord injuries had 142 tendon transfers and tenodeses. The procedures were performed to provide improved upper limb control, including elbow extension, finger grasp, and thumb pinch for better prehension. The operations were effective in increasing function in all but four patients, who did not improve because of insufficient muscle strength. The educational, vocational, recreational, and social aspects of life improved for many patients. Tendon surgery should be considered for all tetraplegics 1 year after injury, provided that they have undergone an effective rehabilitation program and that their neurologic examination is stable. PMID- 6512208 TI - Lymphatic compression of the superficial branch of the radial nerve--a case report. AB - We report a case of radial sensory loss caused by entrapment neuropathy of the superficial branch of the radial nerve at the wrist. Lymphatic dilatations of unknown etiology caused the entrapment. PMID- 6512209 TI - The treatment of mucous cysts: long-term follow-up in sixty-two cases. AB - To determine the course of the so-called mucous cyst both after various modalities of treatment and without treatment, 56 patients with 62 cysts were contacted to participate in a study with an average follow-up of 6.2 years after initial evaluation. The mucous cysts primarily occurred in elderly women and were most prevalent in the index and long fingers. Longitudinal grooving of the nail was not uncommon and may hve preceded the appearance of the cyst. Degeneration of the distal interphalangeal joint was frequently found. The long-term results after treatment with simple aspiration or decapping, or by excision with skin grafts and flaps as needed or with observation only were similar. However, surgical excision or aspiration may eliminate earlier the cosmetic disfigurement and occasional discomfort that are associated with this lesion. PMID- 6512210 TI - Compartment syndrome caused by a traumatized vascular hamartoma. AB - A case report is presented of a traumatized vascular hamartoma producing a forearm flexor compartment syndrome; such a case has not been reported previously. The role of minor trauma in this case was important. There is a need for a high degree of suspicion in order to make an early, accurate diagnosis. Delayed surgical decompression and resection of the pathologic muscle resulted in a dramatic improvement in sensibility and digital mobility. PMID- 6512211 TI - Pay phone receiver cord injuries to the hand. AB - Pay phone receiver cord injuries to the hand have been identified in five hands of three patients. These injuries occur when the individual tries to violently jerk the receiver from the main unit of the telephone by the metal sheathed cord. This flexible metal sheath then becomes uncoiled and exposes very sharp edges on which hands can be severely lacerated and mutilated. Identification of and experiences with these types of injuries are discussed. PMID- 6512212 TI - A new digital retractor. PMID- 6512213 TI - The "belt loop" technique for the reconstruction of pulleys in the first stage of flexor tendon grafting. PMID- 6512214 TI - Age distribution and seasonal pattern of rotavirus infection in children in Kenya. PMID- 6512215 TI - Accuracy of mixing oral rehydration solution at home by Egyptian mothers. PMID- 6512216 TI - Preparation and quality control of hand-packaged oral rehydration salt sachets. PMID- 6512218 TI - A report of a fulminating presence of rotaviral enteritis. PMID- 6512217 TI - Wheat extract and milk mixture as a milk substitute for children with milk intolerance. PMID- 6512219 TI - Isolation and drug sensitivity of bacteria from piglet diarrhoea. PMID- 6512220 TI - Redressing the imbalanced political market for health policy: a role for the state attorney general? AB - In current discussions of "procompetitive" approaches to health policy, the enforcement of antitrust laws in health care markets is a strategy that has attracted increasing attention: the filing of consumer-oriented health suits provides a means to "redress" the typically imbalanced "political market" in health policy. This study examines an important aspect of the antitrust enforcement process, the decision by a state attorney general to undertake an aggressive antitrust enforcement program in the health area. Three variables were found to explain this decision: the political needs of a "politician-supplier," the organizational resources of a strategic institutional position, and the availability of a relatively favorable policy arena. An assessment of the future role of state attorneys general in this area suggests that their health antitrust initiatives will increase, but that various political and resource constraints are likely to inhibit their aggressiveness in pursuing these actions. PMID- 6512221 TI - Implementing regulatory reform: the saga of Michigan's debedding experiment. AB - This paper traces the implementation of Michigan's program for hospital bed reduction through four phases in the critical first 30 months following enactment: standard-setting, plan development, plan approval, and legislative oversight. Procedural complexity and goal conflict complicated implementation from the start: what began as a simple proposal to close unneeded beds soon became enmeshed in efforts to address long-standing issues of equity in access to care. A combination of administrative, political, and economic factors peculiar to Michigan, as well as the more generic problems incurred in applying a regulatory approach to containing medical care costs, contributed to the difficulties encountered in implementing bed reduction. Long-range prospects for the program depend upon whether the modest results it is likely to achieve are deemed to be worth the costs incurred in administering it. PMID- 6512222 TI - Variation in the growth and incidence of medical malpractice claims. AB - This study analyzes the incidence of medical malpractice claims since 1976, using data drawn from the 1982 core survey of the American Medical Association's Socioeconomic Monitoring System. The data show that, on average, physicians incurred twice as many claims per year in the years 1976 to 1981 as they did during their careers prior to that period. Using Tobit analysis, we find the annual frequency of claims to be greater among surgeons, obstetricians and gynecologists (OBGs), physicians in group practice, and physicians in states which apply the legal doctrine of informed consent. In addition, we find that the number of years since medical residency is positively related to physicians' claims incidence during the first 27 years of practice, and that OBGs and medical specialists who spend more time with their patients per office visit incur fewer claims. PMID- 6512223 TI - "Rationing" and American health policy. AB - This article describes an attempt to persuade the members of a presidential commission on ethics in medicine to open a public dialogue on the rationing of medical care. The need for limits on the health care individuals receive, and the reasons why the existing delivery system fails to set such limits in an ethically acceptable manner, were outlined. It was argued that although the term "rationing" is appropriate to describe the process of setting equitable limits, the word generates so much controversy that it is avoided; this very avoidance is an obstacle to the development of sound policy. As an ethics commission, it was argued, the Commission was in a unique position to educate the public about the need for limits, and to defuse some of the controversy surrounding the word rationing. The Commissioners were not persuaded. They accepted the case for limits, in substance, but refused to use the word rationing in their report. PMID- 6512224 TI - Immigrant workers: health, law, and public policy. AB - Immigrant workers are a large segment of the lower echelon of the U.S. labor force, and as many as 3.6 to 6 million of these workers and their families are living in the U.S. illegally. This paper examines who the recent immigrants are: explains why their current situation in the U.S. is an important public health matter; discusses the ethical and policy issues stemming from their health needs and from illegal status; and concludes with a brief look at some implications of the Simpson-Mazzoli Immigration and Reform Act, currently before Congress. The paper suggests that the illegal status of undocumented workers intensifies their health risks; that the immigrants' responsibility for budget short-falls in public services is not as clearcut as frequently assumed; and that legislation aimed at regulating the status of immigrant workers in the U.S. is unlikely to solve many of the central problems. PMID- 6512225 TI - Method of payment and the cesarean birth rate in a hospital in northeast Brazil. AB - This paper examines factors associated with the cesarean birth rate, including medical condition and method of payment, in the largest maternity hospital of Fortaleza, Brazil. Data were collected on 5996 women who delivered at the Maternidade Escola Assis Chateaubriand from October 1980 to July 1981. All women were classified according to how they paid for their care: private (financed at least part of their care with own funds), insured (federal or state), or indigent. Private patients were found to be far more likely than patients in the other two groups to have cesarean deliveries, due primarily to the high percentage of private patients recorded as having prolonged or obstructed labor, combined with a high rate of prior cesarean sections. From this data, it appears likely that financial incentives did play a role in physician decisions on whether to perform cesarean deliveries. PMID- 6512226 TI - Proximal strictures of the esophagus. AB - Proximal esophageal strictures have received little attention in the gastroenterologic literature. Of 238 esophageal strictures endoscopically recognized at the Phoenix V.A. Medical Center over the past 7 1/2 years, 20 lesions were in the upper or mid and upper esophagus (8.4%). Sixty percent of these lesions were benign, mostly as the result of total laryngectomy and postoperative irradiation. In contrast to more distal lesions, proximal esophageal strictures often required initial rigid bougienage with Peustow dilators and frequent dilation thereafter. PMID- 6512227 TI - The improved quality of life with the Kock continent ileostomy. AB - The conventional Brooke ileostomy is performed far more frequently than the Kock continent ileostomy. To determine the relative satisfaction with these operations, patients whose Brooke ileostomy had been converted to a Kock pouch were questioned about changes in their life-styles. Data were obtained from 80 patients who had worn an external appliance from 4 months to 33 years before the change-over to a Kock pouch. Improvement was reported in social activities (96.2%), athletic endeavors (87.5%), and sexual relations (76.2%). Patients spent less time caring for the stoma (92.5%) and wore street and beach attire with greater ease (97.5%). An average reduction of 75% was noted in ileostomy maintenance costs. The overall patient satisfaction with the Kock pouch was 98.7% despite an appreciable incidence of pouchitis and revisional operations. In our experience, the readier acceptance by patients of a continent internal reservoir over an external fecal-filled appliance has led to the performance of proctocolectomies for ulcerative colitis at an earlier stage of the disease. PMID- 6512228 TI - Early detection of pancreatic lesions in chronic alcoholism: diagnostic accuracy of ERP. AB - In order to detect early pancreatic changes in chronic alcoholism, we reviewed pancreatograms (ERP) in 35 patients with alcoholic chronic liver disease who had no clinical evidence of pancreatitis. The patients were grouped by the length of history of alcohol intake (group 1: 5-15 years; group 2: more than 15 years), and on the basis of daily alcohol intake (group 1: 100-150 g/day; group 2: 150-200 g/day; group 3: more than 200 g/day). Pancreatic changes were present at ERP in 48.6% of patients, suggesting mild pancreatitis in 15 patients and advanced pancreatitis in two. Pancreatic lesions were significantly more frequent (p less than 0.01) in those who took more than 200 g of alcohol each day. There was no correlation with the length of history of alcoholism or with hepatic lesions. Our data confirm that asymptomatic pancreatitis is frequent in chronic alcoholism and that ERP can detect pancreatic lesions not otherwise demonstrable. PMID- 6512229 TI - Isospora belli in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. AB - Isospora belli is a cause of protracted diarrhea in immunocompromised patients. Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), seen mostly in homosexual men and narcotic addicts, predisposes affected persons to a number of opportunistic infections. As Isospora belli has been reported only once in this group, we report Isospora belli in an AIDS patient with chronic diarrhea. PMID- 6512230 TI - Aortoesophageal fistula after perigraft abscess with characteristic CT findings. AB - Aortoesophageal fistula is a rare cause of massive gastrointestinal hemorrhage, and may occur as a sequela to prosthetic replacement of the thoracic aorta. Esophageal compression necrosis with leakage of microorganisms into the proximal suture line is probably central to pathogenesis. Like the more common aortoduodenal fistula, diagnosis by traditional radiographic and endoscopic methods is difficult. We report here such a fistula, in which computed tomographic soft tissue abnormalities were characteristic of perigraft abscess; fistulization occurred subsequently. CT holds potential for being a sensitive study to show localized perivascular infection, an important precursor to aortoenteric fistula, and as such should be positive early in the development of a fistula. PMID- 6512232 TI - The room search. PMID- 6512231 TI - Colleagues: to protect or not? AB - I have presented a basic approach for the clinical gastroenterologist to follow in the event that he is asked by his patient whether or not to sue a fellow practitioner. Although there is a dearth of information in the literature concerning this topic, it is probably more important than generally realized. I conclude that basic honesty is paramount. White lies, equivocation, and obfuscation are discouraged. The importance of restricting the gastroenterologist's opinion to medical matters and avoiding legal determinations and advice is stressed. The dilemma of acting as an expert witness is mentioned. Finally, a few basic elements of the tort of defamation are presented within the context of the discussion. PMID- 6512233 TI - Optimum conditions for growth of Giardia lamblia in vitro. PMID- 6512234 TI - Influence of temperature and relative humidity on the gonotrophic cycle of Culex quinquefasciatus. PMID- 6512235 TI - Prevalence of various Salmonella serotypes in the wild rodents of South India. PMID- 6512236 TI - IV (c) immunization of golden hamsters against L. Donovani with different doses of EH9 strain: effects thereof. PMID- 6512237 TI - Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency-relationship with caste and ABO blood groups. PMID- 6512238 TI - Association of megacolon with a new dominant spotting gene (Dom) in the mouse. AB - A new semidominant mutation in the mouse is described. In heterozygotes it produces white spotting and a deficiency of myenteric ganglion cells in the colon and, in homozygotes it is lethal prior to 13 days of gestation. The mutation, called dominant megacolon, symbol Dom, is located on chromosome (chr) 15, 20.6 +/ 1.6 units proximal to Ca. Hairy ears, Eh, a semidominant gene also on chr 15 is shown to have a suppressing effect on crossing over in this section of chr 15. PMID- 6512239 TI - Academic origin of geneticists--a second look. AB - The academic and geographic origins of 1186 members of the Genetics Society of America whose biographies appear in the fourteenth edition of American Men and Women of Science were researched and the data collected compared to comparable data for 1019 GSA members studied in 1968. In general, the colleges and universities that were major producers of geneticists at both the baccalaureate and doctoral levels in the 1968 study continue to be so. The geographic regions of the United States continue to produce and employ geneticists much as they did in 1968, but in the current study, 17 percent of the geneticists were found to be foreign-born, as compared to only 5.4 percent in 1968. Of the 1186 geneticists, 167 or 14.1 percent were women vs. 12.5 percent in the 1968 study. Over 80 percent of the geneticists were employed in academia, but the percent employed in government, business, and industry was nearly twice what it was in 1968. Compared to 1968, geneticists in the current study were decidedly older, a fact that could portend a threat to the continued viability of the science of genetics in the United States. PMID- 6512240 TI - Zinc metabolism in lethal-milk mice. Otolith, lactation, and aging effects. AB - Lethal-milk (lm), a recessive mutation, occurred in the C57BL/6J inbred strain of mice. Lactating lm dams produce a zinc-deficient milk that is lethal to all nursing pups. If foster-nursed on normal dams, lm pups survive and become reproductively mature. Injection of zinc-glycinate into the pups or zinc supplementation of the water of the lactating dams reduces lethality. Other pleiotropic effects in lm mice include congenital otolith defects with delayed righting, "tail-spinning," and abnormal swimming. These effects are diagnostic criteria for segregation of lm mice among backcross progeny. About 40 percent of the expected number of lm pups survive to weaning. Zinc supplementation of the dam improves development of saccular but not of utricular otoliths; zinc does not improve survival of the lm pups among backcross progenies. The lm mice over eight months of age also exhibit extensive hair loss, dermatitis, and skin lesions. Possible roles of metallothionein in zinc and copper metabolism are discussed in regard to the pleiotropic effects of the lethal-milk mutation. PMID- 6512241 TI - Mutant allele frequencies in domestic cats of Portugal and the Azores. AB - The genetic profiles of cat populations of mainland Portugal are basically similar to those of the adjacent Atlantic littoral. The profiles of Azorean populations, while relatively homogeneous among themselves, are strikingly different from the mainland. It is tentatively concluded that some form of selective migration was the most important contributing factor in establishing the differences. PMID- 6512242 TI - Situs inversus in homozygous mice without immotile cilia. AB - Mice homozygous for the mutation situs inversus, iv, are characterized by situs inversus in 50 percent of the individuals. We have investigated the ultrastructure and motility of tracheal cilia and sperm tails in homozygous individuals with and without situs inversus. We found no abnormalities of ciliary structure. Therefore, ciliary immotility is not an essential correlate of situs inversus. PMID- 6512243 TI - Hairless cats in Great Britain. AB - Ten hairless kittens are known to have been born in Britain since 1978. Pedigree study supports the hypothesis of a monogenic, recessive mode of inheritance proposed in previous reports. A review of the literature suggests the possibility of at least two mutations giving rise to hairless cats, one of which has normal whiskers and the other attenuated whiskers. For these, the gene symbols hi, and hr, respectively, have been proposed. PMID- 6512244 TI - Oliguria: a frequent problem in the critically ill patient. PMID- 6512245 TI - Safety seat use in Indiana prior to mandatory legislation. PMID- 6512246 TI - Solitary rectal ulcer syndrome. PMID- 6512247 TI - Sarcoid nephropathy: reversible cause of severe renal impairment with steroid therapy. PMID- 6512248 TI - Diphtheria in Europe. AB - A letter of inquiry was sent to 21 countries in Europe to ascertain their experience of diphtheria during the last 20 years. An analysis of the 15 replies showed that all relied on childhood vaccination and that this had reduced the annual incidence of the disease to a very low level. There was mention of three epidemics during the last ten years, and three countries identified several cases of skin diphtheria, mostly in patients who had contracted infection abroad. PMID- 6512250 TI - Experimental infection of castrated lambs with Mycoplasma agalactiae. AB - The course of experimental infection in groups of 6-month-old castrated lambs with field isolates of Mycoplasma agalactiae from France was followed culturally and serologically for 7 months. Infection with an ovine field isolate following inoculation by different routes and contact exposure was compared with that caused similarly by a caprine field isolate. The prolonged infections produced were symptomless apart from limited arthritis in one animal inoculated with the isolate from sheep and increased lachrymation in another associated with the goat isolate. The ovine isolate was more virulent in that ante- and post-mortem recoveries of the organism were more consistent and the serological responses more pronounced. Serological responses varied between animals and between strain infections, and the results of the film inhibition test were more consistent than those of the complement fixation test. The limitations of both these tests for detecting carrier infections are discussed. PMID- 6512249 TI - The effect of feeding diets containing avoparcin on the excretion of salmonellas by chickens experimentally infected with natural sources of salmonella organisms. AB - Chickens were readily infected with salmonella organisms when fed diets containing unsterilized bone-meal or provided with drinking water containing a suspension of natural salmonella infected chicken faeces. When fed diets containing avoparcin at concentrations of 10 or 100 mg/kg chickens infected in these ways excreted larger numbers of salmonellas for longer periods than did chickens fed a nonmedicated diet. PMID- 6512251 TI - Response of toxigenic Vibrio cholerae 01 to physico-chemical stresses in aquatic environments. AB - The survival and growth of toxigenic Vibrio cholerae 01 in water under various conditions of salinity, pH, temperature and cation composition and concentration were studied in an extensive series of laboratory experiments. Inter- and intra strain variation in stress response (of 01 and non-01 strains) and the ability of V. cholerae to adapt to stressful environments were also studied. Toxigenic V. cholerae 01 were able to survive for at least 70 days at 25 degrees C in solutions of sea salt. The optimal salt concentration was 2.0% though all solutions in the range 0.25-3.0% gave good support. Substrains with enhanced capacity to persist at sub-optimal salinity (0.1%) were demonstrated. A great degree of inter-strain variation in stress response at low salinity (0.05%) was found among 59 strains, and this variation was unrelated to serogroup (01 or non 01), source (clinical or environmental) or country of origin (Tanzania or Bangladesh). At optimal salinity, inter-strain variation was less and 18 out of 20 strains remained viable at high concentrations for at least 40 months at 25 degrees C. V. cholerae 01 could not survive beyond 45 days at 4 degrees C and optimal salinity, either with or without nutrients. The optimal pH range for survival at 25 degrees C was 7.0-8.5 at optimal salinity, and 7.5-9.0 at low salinity. V. cholerae 01 require Na+ for survival in the absence of nutrients, and for enhanced growth in their presence. The presence of Ca2+ or Mg2+, in addition to Na+, further enhanced survival. These, and other results reported in this paper, suggest that toxigenic V. cholerae 01 are able to survive for extended periods in warm water containing no nutrients but having a salinity of 0.25-3.0% and a pH of around 8.0. With added nutrients and under the same conditions, rapid growth is possible. The implications of these findings for the identification of putative aquatic reservoirs of V. cholerae 01, and for the epidemiology of cholera, are considerable. PMID- 6512252 TI - The complications of intravenous cannulae incorporating a valved injection side port. AB - In a series of 519 intravenous cannulae with valved injection side-ports the incidence of cannula-related local inflammation was 25.2% and bacteraemia 0.2%. Severe local inflammation was associated with a longer mean duration of cannulation, 59.4 v. 81.4 h (P = less than 0.05). There was no significant association between the presence of local inflammation and microbial colonization of either the intravascular segment of the cannula, the adjacent skin, or the side-port. The data suggest that colonization of the cannulae was usually secondary to prior skin colonization. Side-port colonization did not predispose to cannula colonization. Organisms colonizing the side-port were biologically different and were possibly derived from the skin of medical attendants. In the final 157 patients, randomized to receive either isopropyl alcohol or 0.5% chlorhexidine in 70% spirit skin preparation, there was no difference in the incidence of either local inflammation or microbial colonization. PMID- 6512253 TI - Infection and sepsis after operations for total hip or knee-joint replacement: influence of ultraclean air, prophylactic antibiotics and other factors. AB - Operating in ultraclean air and the prophylactic use of antibiotics have been found to reduce the incidence of joint sepsis confirmed at re-operation, after total hip or knee-joint replacement. The reduction was about 2-fold when operations were done in ultraclean air, 4.5-fold when body-exhaust suits also were worn, and about 3- to 4-fold when antibiotics had been given prophylactically. The effects of ultraclean air and antibiotics were additive. Wound sepsis recognized during post-operative hospital stay was, however, reduced by these measures only when it had been classed as major wound sepsis. This was reported after 2.3% of operations done without antibiotic cover in conventionally ventilated operating rooms. Joint sepsis was much more frequent after wound infection and especially after major wound sepsis, although most cases of joint sepsis were not preceded by recognized wound sepsis. This was particularly noticeable after major wound sepsis associated with Staphylococcus aureus; after 37 such infections the same species was subsequently found in the septic joint of 11 patients. The sources of wound colonization with Staph. aureus, when this was not followed by joint sepsis, appeared to differ widely from those where joint sepsis occurred later. Operating-room sources could be found for most of the latter and the risk of infection appeared to be similar with respect to any carrier in the operating room whether a member of the operating team or the patient. For wound colonization that was not followed by joint sepsis, operating room sources could only be inferred for fewer than half and of these more than one half appeared to be related to strains carried by the patient at the time of operation. During the follow-up period, which averaged about 2 1/4 years with a maximum of four years, there were, in addition to the 86 instances of deep joint sepsis confirmed at re-operation, 85 instances in which sepsis in the joint was suspected during this period but was not confirmed, because re-operation on the joint was not done. The incidence of suspected joint sepsis was, like that of confirmed joint sepsis, less after operations done in ultraclean air: 1/2.5, or with prophylactic antibiotics, 1/2.3 Although re-operation was more frequent on the knee-joint than on the hip, and pain after the initial operation was more frequent after knee operations, there was no evidence that this was the result of any increased risk of infection.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6512254 TI - Frequency of isolation of enterotoxigenic staphylococci from milk of nursing mothers in Kaduna, Nigeria. AB - Milk samples from 251 nursing mothers were screened for enterotoxigenic staphylococci. The incidence of staphylococci in milk samples was 71.3%. Two hundred and sixteen strains were isolated from 179 mothers. Eighty-six (39.8%) of the 216 strains were found to be toxigenic. Enterotoxin type A (SEA) predominated, with 41 strains (19.0%) elaborating it. Twenty-one strains (9.7%) produced enterotoxin B (SEB) while only eight (3.7%) produced enterotoxin C (SEC). Ten strains (4.6%) produced all three types. Enterotoxigenic strains usually produced coagulase, thermonuclease and alpha haemolysin. In this series breast-feeding alone was more common than combined breast and bottle feeding, especially among mothers less than 30 years old. The incidence of reported infantile diarrhoea decreased with increasing age of the mother. Of 16 babies with diarrhoea, 10 (62.5%) had mothers whose milk yielded staphylococci. Six of these were toxigenic. Although no direct relationship between enterotoxigenic staphylococci in the milk of nursing mothers and infantile diarrhoea could be demonstrated, these findings reveal a potential health risk to these infants. PMID- 6512255 TI - Bacterial contamination of floors and other surfaces in operating rooms: a five year survey. AB - Bacterial contamination of floors and other surfaces in the operating suite has been investigated by contact impression plates during the past five years. Colony counts of the floors of operating rooms, cleaned with disinfectant, were 3.3 c.f.u./10 cm2; on the floors of semi-clean and dirty areas, cleaned with detergent, colony counts were 44.8 and 71.4 c.f.u./10 cm2 respectively. The highest colony counts of 487.4 c.f.u./10 cm2 were found in the dressing rooms, the floors of which were covered with carpets, cleaned with a vacuum cleaner. Mean bacterial numbers on surfaces of various equipment in operating rooms, cleaned with disinfectant, were 2.8 c.f.u./10 cm2. Bacterial numbers on surfaces decreased markedly from 253.2 to 11.9 c.f.u./10 cm2 following the use of disinfectant. Bacterial species found from various surfaces were mainly coagulase negative staphylococci, derived from human beings. In the light of these findings the regular use of disinfectant for cleaning of the floors and other surfaces in operating rooms is advisable. PMID- 6512256 TI - Airborne contamination in an operating suite: report of a five-year survey. AB - Airborne contamination in an operating suite was studied with a slit sampler, settle plates and a light-scattering particle counter. In conventional operating rooms there was a significant difference between the empty rooms and rooms in use; the mean total bacterial count by a slit sampler changed from 1.1 in empty to 42.5 c.f.u./m3 in use (39 times increase), the settle plates count changed from 1.5 to 17.4 c.f.u./m2/min (12 times increase), and the mean total particle count changed from 56.9 to 546.7/l (10 times increase) respectively. The increase was caused mainly by persons present in the room. Another difference was found between zones in the operating suite; the bacterial count in the clean area doubled in the semi-clean area and further doubled in the dirty area in slit sampler count as well as settle plates count, and particle count in the clean area increased by 14 times in the semi-clean and dirty areas. This difference resulted from the different quality of the ventilating system. Air cleanliness of operating rooms in use by persons present in the room dropped to a level between the clean and the semi-clean area in spite of the high quality of the ventilating system. Bacterial species identified were mostly coagulase negative staphylococci and micrococci. Our study indicates that reduction of airborne contamination in an operating suite is accomplished by the combination of an efficient ventilating system and the restriction of the number of persons present in the room. PMID- 6512257 TI - Laboratory trials of three anticoagulant rodenticides for use against the Indian field mouse, Mus booduga Gray. AB - The efficacy of three anticoagulant rodenticides for use against the Indian field mouse, Mus booduga, was evaluated in the laboratory. The poisons, namely warfarin, bromadiolone and brodifacoum, were all found to be toxic enough at the concentrations normally used against other commensal and field rodents. With brodifacoum (0.001 25%), bromadiolone (0.005%) and warfarin (0.025%), 83% of the animals died respectively after 1, 1 and 6 days' feeding. It is suggested that brodifacoum and bromadiolone might be more economical than warfarin for use in practical rodent control. PMID- 6512258 TI - The detection of peste des petits ruminants (PPR) virus antigen by agar gel precipitation test and counter-immunoelectrophoresis. AB - The detectability of peste des petits ruminants (PPR) viral antigen in both ante mortem secretions and necropsy samples from experimentally infected goats was investigated by both the agar gel precipitation test (AGPT) and counter immunoelectrophoresis (CIE). Viral antigen was detected from 42.6% of the samples tested by the AGPT and 80.3% by CIE. The detection of viral antigen in a high proportion of the ocular and nasal secretions as well as the faeces and buccal scrapings, particularly from those collected within seven days of the onset of fever, by both techniques, would seem to obviate the need for lymph node biopsies or post-mortem samples in order to make a diagnosis of PPRV infection. PMID- 6512259 TI - Oscillatory fluctuations in the incidence of infectious disease and the impact of vaccination: time series analysis. AB - This paper uses the techniques of time series analysis (autocorrelation and spectral analysis) to examine oscillatory secular trends in the incidence of infectious diseases and the impact of mass vaccination programmes on these well documented phenomena. We focus on three common childhood diseases: pertussis and mumps (using published disease-incidence data for England and Wales) and measles (using data from England and Wales, Scotland, North America and France). Our analysis indicates highly statistically significant seasonal and longer-term cycles in disease incidence in the prevaccination era. In general, the longer term fluctuations (a 2-year period for measles, 3-year periods for pertussis and mumps) account for most of the cyclical variability in these data, particularly in the highly regular measles series for England and Wales. After vaccination, the periods of the longer-term oscillations tend to increase, an observation which corroborates theoretical predictions. Mass immunization against measles (which reduces epidemic fluctuations) magnifies the relative importance of the seasonal cycles. By contrast, we show that high levels of vaccination against whooping cough in England and Wales appear to have suppressed the annual cycle. PMID- 6512260 TI - Development of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection of specific antibodies against an H7N7 and an H3N8 equine influenza virus. AB - This paper describes a solid-phase microtitre plate enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection of antibodies to equine influenza viruses. Using egg-grown influenza viruses as the antigens attached to the solid phase, cross reactions were observed between an H7N7 equine virus (designated A1) and an H3N8 equine influenza virus (designated A2) when untreated antisera were tested. Absorption of antisera with egg-grown A/Porcine/Shope/1/33 influenza virus eliminated cross-reactive antibodies so that specific detection of anti-equine influenza A1 or A2 antibodies was possible. Examination of horse sera following vaccination with A1 and/or A2 isolates showed that antibodies were produced against antigen associated with egg allantoic fluid as well as against virus. Such antibodies were eliminated following the absorption of antisera with porcine influenza virus. Results using sera from horses with known vaccination histories confirmed that the ELISA preferentially detected antibodies homologous to the antigen attached to the solid phase and methods to evaluate the current serological state of individual horses by relating the titres of specific antibodies against equine influenza A1 and A2 isolates are shown. This ELISA provides a simple and rapid method of assessing specific antibodies from horse sera and offers advantages over the 'routine' HI and SRH assessments since it gives high precision, is economical of reagents and has the capacity to handle large numbers of serum samples. PMID- 6512261 TI - Preliminary survey of domestic animals of the Sudan for precipitating antibodies to Rift Valley fever virus. AB - In a preliminary seroepidemiological survey a total of 780 serum samples derived from various domestic animals of the Sudan were examined for Rift Valley fever (RVF) virus precipitating antibodies. The incidence was approximately 34.3% in sheep, 33.2% in cattle, 22% in goats, 7.9% in camels and 4% in donkeys. The findings indicated that RVF is mainly prevalent in the rich savanna areas of the south as well as the irrigated areas close to the Nile in the north. Circumstantial evidence suggests that the detected antibodies were induced by a long-standing cryptically cycling infection and that resurgence of extensive epizootics is unlikely although limited outbreaks may occur. It is concluded that RVF virus circulates across the country in a south-north range along the Nile Valley with little or no extension to the drier lands to the east and west, and that ruminants are the primary species involved in virus maintenance. These species evidently serve as main amplifiers of infection during epizootics, but whether or not they also serve as sole virus reservoirs in inter-epizootic periods has yet to be determined. PMID- 6512262 TI - Increased sensitivity in detecting tumor-associated antigens in sera of patients with colorectal carcinoma. AB - A monoclonal antibody defining the Lewis blood group determinant was used to immobilize antigen in sera of patients with adenocarcinoma of the gastrointestinal tract, and a second radiolabeled antibody, which defines a gastrointestinal cancer-associated antigen (GICA), was used to detect the immobilized antigen. With this approach, elevated antigen levels were found in 34 of 49 (69%) of sera from patients with advanced colorectal carcinoma as compared with 9 of 292 (3%) of sera from patients with non-malignant gastrointestinal diseases and of healthy donors. For early primary colorectal carcinoma, the combination of anti-Lewis and anti-GICA monoclonal antibodies was more sensitive in detecting GICA than using anti-GICA antibody alone. Double determinant radioimmunoassay revealed the glycolipid determinant lacto-N-fucopentaose (LNF) III circulating in colorectal carcinoma patients' sera. 53% of patients older than 65 years had elevated levels of the LNF III determinant compared to none of age-matched, apparently healthy donors or patients with benign gastrointestinal tract lesions, and 18% of patients with inflammatory gastrointestinal tract diseases. In younger patients, the differences were less marked. Our results suggest the potential usefulness of Lewis and LNF III determinants as markers for the detection of gastrointestinal tract malignancies. PMID- 6512263 TI - Use of an automatic cell harvester in a cellular radioimmunoassay. AB - An automatic cell harvester was used in the final step of a cellular radioimmunoassay to collect cell bound anti-rat IgG 125I-F(ab')2. Studies on the reliability of this collection method were performed with antibodies directed against cell surface antigens induced by the Gross murine leukemia virus and produced by immunization of W/Fu rats with the syngeneic (C58NT)D lymphoma. Glutaraldehyde-fixed as well as untreated Gross virus induced lymphoma cells could be used. Similar and specific antibody binding curves were obtained when the cells were incubated with the anti-(C58NT)D serum and anti-rat IgG 125I F(ab')2 in the presence of 0.1% NaN3. Background levels of non-specific binding of anti-rat 125I-F(ab')2 to mouse lymphoma cells or rat thymocytes were only a few cpm above the background of the gamma-counter. This allowed detection of surface immunoglobulin positive lymphocytes among as few as 30,000 rat splenocytes. In addition, this cellular radioimmunoassay was found to be suitable for the measurement of solubilized cell surface antigen by its capacity to inhibit the binding of the specific antibodies to the target cells. PMID- 6512264 TI - Immune lysis of hepatocytes in culture: accurate detection by aspartate aminotransferase release measurement. AB - Determination of the immune lysis of epithelial cells, especially of hepatocytes, in short term culture is dealt with inadequately because of the lack of accuracy inherent in most classical methods of measurement of cell lysis or because of the high spontaneous release of the lytic marker. We have studied different methods of detection of lysis of rat hepatocytes cultured for a short term (24-48 h) at a concentration of 10 000 cells/50 microliters. The determination of aspartate aminotransferase (ASAT) release, measured with a centrifugal analyser parallels lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release and trypan blue dye staining which are indisputable markers of cell death, but ASAT release is a more sensitive determination. Surprisingly, 51chromium release (1.72%/h) is much higher than ASAT release (0.51%/h) for an experimental period of 24 h. In cell mediated cytotoxicity tests, the ASAT content of lymphocytes, in contrast to that of LDH, is much lower than that of hepatocytes and this makes determination of ASAT release a sensitive marker of cytotoxicity under these conditions. PMID- 6512265 TI - Effect of blood storage on lymphocyte subpopulations. AB - In the evaluation of helper and suppressor T lymphocyte subpopulations testing of the cells may not be carried out until the day following collection of the blood. The possibility that changes occur during overnight storage at 4 degrees C or 22 degrees C has been investigated. No statistical differences in percentages of helper and suppressor T cells between fresh samples and overnight stored samples were found if the blood was kept at 22 degrees C. PMID- 6512266 TI - A mild procedure for separating polypeptide chains prior to immunoprecipitation and western blotting analysis. AB - Conventional cleavage of linked polypeptide chains by heating in SDS can so alter molecular structure as to interfere with antibody binding, on which both immunoprecipitation and 'western blotting' depend. As an alternative, gentle treatment with acid at room temperature or at 0 degrees C was effective in separating the alpha and beta chains of human MHC Class II glycoprotein dimers and proved superior in terms of preservation of at least one labile epitope on the beta chain. PMID- 6512267 TI - Kaposi's sarcoma: an opportunistic neoplasm. PMID- 6512268 TI - Sister chromatid exchange in patients treated with methotrexate for psoriasis. AB - Sister chromatid exchange (SCE), which is considered a sensitive method in evaluation of mutagenicity and may be an indicator of carcinogenicity, was determined in lymphocytes from 8 patients with severe psoriasis who underwent treatment with oral methotrexate (MTX). During the treatment period (median 118 days, range 50-298 days) a significant increase in SCE compared to the pretreatment value was found in 1 patient only. It is concluded that no long-term damage as measured by SCE occurs in lymphocytes from psoriasis patients treated with MTX. PMID- 6512269 TI - Mast cell degranulation in the evolution of acute eruptive guttate psoriasis vulgaris. AB - Clinically normal psoriatic skin (CNPS) and psoriatic lesions (PLs) were studied for mast cell degranulation (MCD) in patients with acute eruptive guttate psoriasis vulgaris (AEGP) following penicillin-treated acute streptococcal throat infection. The clinically manifest duration of psoriasis at the time of the biopsies was 2, 5, 10, 14, or 21 days. Two types of MCD were distinguished. Type I was characteristic for those portions of the CNPS in which vascular and epidermal changes were detected, while the PLs showed both Type I and Type II MCD. In Type I MCD the extruded granules (MCGs) in the immediate vicinity of the mast cells appeared as intact bodies encased in a distinctly trilaminar membrane. Around subepidermal and subpapillary blood vessels, in stratum papillare without proximity of blood vessels, beneath the epidermal-dermal junction, in lamina lucida, and in intercellular space of strata basale and spinosum the MCGs appeared partly as intact structures and partly in more or less disintegrated form. In Type II MCD the MCGs were extruded without perigranular membranes. The data here presented showed that MCD is an early and constant feature in the evolution of AEGP. PMID- 6512270 TI - Dermal and epidermal involvement in the evolution of acute eruptive guttate psoriasis vulgaris. AB - A light and electron microscopic study of the evolution of acute eruptive guttate psoriasis vulgaris (AEGP) following penicillin-treated streptococcal throat infection is presented. The earliest recognizable changes, distinguished in clinically normal psoriatic skin (CNPS) from patients with psoriasis of 2 days' duration, comprised mast cell degranulation (Type I MCD), a vascular pattern showing endothelial cell gaps in postcapillary venules and postcapillary venules with endothelial cell hypertrophy and compressed lumen as well as epidermal involvement with punctiform spongiotic areas (PSAs). These early dermal and epidermal changes suggest that Type I MCD represents a primary morphologic event. Inflammatory infiltrate of mononuclear cells and exocytosis of mononuclear cells into the PSAs appeared when the concomitant overt psoriasis was 5-21 days old, and these changes were persistent in psoriatic lesions (PLs) of 2 days' duration. They are suggested to be precursors of overt psoriasis. In 2-day-old PLs, MCD (Types I and II) was a prominent feature. It was associated with (1) more extensive vascular changes, (2) inflammatory infiltrate of mononuclear cells and scanty polymorphonuclear leukocytes, (3) epidermal hyperplasia, and (4) migration of a few polymorphonuclear leukocytes through the epidermis with formation of Munro microabscesses in parakeratotic areas of stratum corneum. From the morphologic viewpoint, the progression from 2-day-old to fully evolved PLs seemed basically to be quantitative. The demonstration of MCD as a salient feature in the evolution of AEGP may have future therapeutic and preventive implications for psoriasis. PMID- 6512271 TI - A study of uniaxial tension on the superficial dermal microvasculature. AB - A spring-loaded apparatus was designed to apply uniaxial tension to forearm skin in 17 human subjects--10 normals, 6 psoriatics, and 1 patient with scleroderma. Simultaneously, the effects of stretching on the upper dermal vasculature were observed stereomicroscopically. Progressive changes (collapse) in the superficial microvasculature--vertical capillary loops and horizontal subpapillary plexus- with increasing tension were photographed. Force and strains were recorded at the points of disappearance of virtually all vessels. An average force of 11.9 newtons (N), accompanied by a mean strain of 10.3%, resulted in occlusion of all vessels. A much higher force (18.5 N) was necessary to occlude blood flow in the 1 patient with scleroderma. In summary, we have described a new technique for the study of mechanical forces on the blood supply of the epidermis. The data have shown that uniaxial tension has important effects on the superficial dermal microvasculature, resulting in impedance and obliteration of blood flow at relatively low magnitudes. PMID- 6512272 TI - Three-dimensional architecture of altered dermal elastic fibers in pseudoxanthoma elasticum: scanning electron microscopic studies. AB - The three-dimensional architecture of the altered dermal elastic fibers of patients with pseudoxanthoma elasticum has been demonstrated using a scanning electron microscope. Each of the altered elastic fibers could be divided into three parts: (i) a normal-looking, slender part which is composed of thinner fibrils, (ii) a thickened, tortuous part covered with an amorphous substance, and (iii) a markedly damaged part where calcium is exposed to the surface of the fibers. The presence of calcium and phosphorus in the altered elastic fibers has been proved by an electron x-ray microanalysis. PMID- 6512273 TI - Properties of an alkaline phosphatase from Sinclair swine melanoma. AB - In Sinclair swine, there is an increase in alkaline phosphatase activity in spontaneously arising melanoma tumors when compared to normal skin. While alkaline phosphatase activity could be detected in melanomas from animals 1 day old, the maximum levels of alkaline phosphatase activity occurred in tumors from animals greater than 30 days old. The alkaline phosphatase was purified from cutaneous melanomas using chloroform precipitation, Phenyl-Sepharose chromatography, and concanavalin A Sepharose chromatography approximately 146 fold, with an overall recovery of 15%. The purified enzyme exhibited optimal activity over the pH range of 8.9-10.6. The apparent Km of the enzyme for p nitrophenyl phosphate was 0.15 mM. The enzyme exhibited a relative mobility of 0.04 in nondenaturing polyacrylamide gels. The molecular weight of the enzyme was estimated by gel filtration chromatography to be 122,000 and it was composed of two identical subunits each having a molecular weight of 67,000. The enzyme was thermolabile at 56 degrees C (T50, 18 min) and its activity was inhibited by L homoarginine, levamisole, and vanadate, but not by L-phenylalanine or L phenylalanylglycylglycine. These characteristics distinguished the enzyme from the intestinal isoenzyme that is found in normal swine skin but were similar to those exhibited by the porcine placental isoenzyme of alkaline phosphatase. These results suggest that the development of malignant melanoma in Sinclair swine is accompanied by the expression of a placental-like alkaline phosphatase activity. PMID- 6512274 TI - Proceedings of the First Asian Conference on Mechanocardiography. November 23rd 26th, 1983, Tokyo, Japan. Proceedings and abstracts. PMID- 6512275 TI - Pulsed Doppler technique versus cardiac catheterization. PMID- 6512276 TI - ACG and STI changes in unstable ischemic heart disease. PMID- 6512277 TI - Recent advances in apexcardiography. PMID- 6512279 TI - Early diastolic events associated with the physiologic and pathologic S3. PMID- 6512278 TI - Mechanocardiographic findings in pericardial constriction. PMID- 6512280 TI - Prognosis in coronary artery disease: a noninvasive approach. PMID- 6512281 TI - Fundamental basis and clinical validation of frequency analysis of the valve closure sound as an indicator of stiffening of bioprosthetic valves. PMID- 6512282 TI - Two trematodes of genus Pedunculacetabulum Yamaguti, 1934 from Red Sea fishes. PMID- 6512283 TI - Clinical and laboratory studies on vaginal trichomoniasis in Egypt. PMID- 6512284 TI - Evaluation of skin test using schistosomula antigen for the diagnosis of bilharziasis. PMID- 6512285 TI - The role of cercarial glycoproteins in immunization against mansoniasis infection of experimental animals. PMID- 6512286 TI - Some aspects of cell-mediated immunity in children with giardiasis. PMID- 6512287 TI - The egg mass and growth rate of Biomphalaria alexandrina under laboratory conditions. PMID- 6512288 TI - ULV application of pyrethroid insecticides for Musca domestica in Cairo. PMID- 6512289 TI - Effect of bile salts on experimental giardiasis. PMID- 6512290 TI - Some aspects of organic acid metabolism in Dermacentor andersoni female. PMID- 6512291 TI - Concomitant hepatic Fasciola and hydatid infections in animals. PMID- 6512292 TI - Detection of levamisole toxicity by chromatographic technique. PMID- 6512293 TI - Effect of drugs on Giardia lamblia in vitro. PMID- 6512294 TI - The general energy metabolism and economy, and morphogenetic observations on the embryo of Hyalomma dromedarii. PMID- 6512295 TI - Semi-field studies on the bionomics of Biomphalaria alexandrina in Egypt. PMID- 6512296 TI - The relation between Trichomonas vaginalis and contraceptive measures. PMID- 6512297 TI - Three digenetic trematodes from the aquatic birds in Assuit Governorate, upper Egypt. PMID- 6512298 TI - The effect of diurnal fluctuating temperature on the development of S. haematobium in B. truncatus. PMID- 6512299 TI - Juvenile hormone analogues: effect on eggs of Aedes caspius Pallas (Diptera: Culicidae). PMID- 6512300 TI - The effect of experimental schistosomiasis mansoni on some endocrine glands and growth of hamsters. PMID- 6512301 TI - Jejunal disaccharidases activity in some intestinal parasites in Egypt. PMID- 6512302 TI - The effect of diazinon and neguvon on the liver of experimentally intoxicated mice. PMID- 6512303 TI - Clinical and laboratory aspects of visceral leishmaniasis in Gizan, Saudi Arabia. PMID- 6512304 TI - Histochemical observations on the effect of Quaranfil virus on the salivary glands of Argas (Persicargas) arboreus (Ixodoidea: Argasidae). PMID- 6512305 TI - Study of renal function in the different stages of schistosomal hepatic fibrosis. PMID- 6512306 TI - Pharmacokinetic studies on praziquantel and oxamniquine in intestinal schistosomiasis. PMID- 6512307 TI - Trematodes of fishes from the Red Sea two new hemiurid species including a new genus. PMID- 6512308 TI - The presence of leishmania antibodies in some inhabitants in Assiut Governorate, upper Egypt. PMID- 6512309 TI - Eosinophilia in Ascaris and Ancylostoma infections in Egyptian patients. PMID- 6512310 TI - Behavioural responses of Rhipicephalus sanguineus, R. turanicus and R. guilhoni ticks to relative humidity, light and host odour. PMID- 6512311 TI - [Studies on respiratory and hemodynamic changes in one-stage operation for esophageal cancer--with special reference to the surgical procedures in relations to the surgical influences]. PMID- 6512313 TI - [Histopathological studies on the renal lesions in the cardiac surgical patients]. PMID- 6512312 TI - [Echocardiographic studies in patients with complete transposition of the great arteries after intra-atrial correction]. PMID- 6512315 TI - [Changes in red blood cell membrane properties during cardiopulmonary bypass for open-heart surgery]. PMID- 6512314 TI - [Clinical evaluation of regional pulmonary function in lung cancer using quantitative lung scanning--its application to the patients with poor pulmonary function]. PMID- 6512316 TI - [Diagnosis and surgical management of congenital malformations associated with the right aortic arch]. PMID- 6512317 TI - [5-year follow-up of Carpentier-Edwards bioprosthesis]. PMID- 6512318 TI - [A successful repair of a single ventricle with complete transposition of great arteries and pulmonary stenosis]. PMID- 6512319 TI - [Surgical repair of corrected transposition of great arteries with ventricular septal defect and pulmonary stenosis; consideration of the surgical method]. PMID- 6512320 TI - [A successful modified Fontan operation for single ventricle (S.D.L.) with moderate pulmonary hypertension]. PMID- 6512321 TI - [Concurrent anastomoses for two stenotic sites in the trachea following tracheostomy]. PMID- 6512322 TI - [Surgical treatment of active infective endocarditis with the perforation of the mitral and aortic valves]. PMID- 6512323 TI - [An apparatus for the measurements of low level chemiluminescence]. PMID- 6512324 TI - [Structural analysis of glycosphingolipids by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy]. PMID- 6512325 TI - [Evaluation of cervical conization as a definitive treatment for borderline lesions of the uterine cervix]. AB - Therapeutic efficacy of cervical conization was examined on 93 patients with borderline lesions of the uterine cervix who underwent hysterectomy following conization. No lesions or only minimal residual lesions were found at subsequent hysterectomy when the surgical margins of cone specimens were not involved in the malignant or premalignant lesions. From these results, we concluded that cervical conization could be considered as a therapeutic procedure when the following conditions were fulfilled. Cone specimens are sufficient in size. Both endocervical and exocervical margins are negative. No malignancy is found on endocervical curettage. No abnormal cytologic findings are found after conization. Another follow-up study was performed on 69 patients who received therapeutic conization between 1971 and 1981. Among them one developed stage II cervical cancer two years after the last follow up. Two other patients had recurrent CIN in the cervix and another patient was found to have an endometrial cancer. These patients were successfully treated after early detection of the lesions by the cytological examination. From these facts, cytological examination is recommended in the follow-up after therapeutic conization. PMID- 6512326 TI - [A typical case of DIC precipitated by cesarean section done for severe toxemia of pregnancy and a follow up laboratory study of the progress of DIC]. AB - A typical case of DIC presumably precipitated by cesarean section done for severe toxemia of pregnancy is reported. A laboratory study followed up the progress of DIC, especially of the drop in the consumptive platelet count and fibrinogen level as a result of excessive blood clotting. In this case the patient was a 29 year-old nulliparous gravida 1 who developed severe toxemia at 29 weeks and underwent a cesarean section for fetal distress at 33 weeks, although the baby died immediately after birth. On the following day of operation slight bleeding from the operative wound occurred and she had pertinent laboratory tests, which yielded a platelet count of 81,000/mm3, plasma fibrinogen level of 200mg/dl and FDP of 160 micrograms/ml and led to a diagnosis of DIC. While placing her on replacement and adjunctive therapies the laboratory tests were performed serially, which permitted a close follow-up observation of the subsequent progress of DIC with the detection of lowered platelet counts and fibrinogen levels as administration of Heparin resulted in an increase in the amount of bleeding, FOY, 800mg/day, was instituted and following this treatment the DIC disappeared. PMID- 6512327 TI - [Erythrocyte deformability and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels in normal pregnancy and puerperium]. AB - Erythrocyte deformability and erythrocyte adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels were measured in normal pregnancy and puerperium. Erythrocyte deformability was determined by measuring filtered volumes of red cell-plasma or buffer suspension per second. Erythrocytes from pregnant women at 16-27 weeks, 28-31 weeks and 36 41 weeks of gestation were found to be significantly less deformable than erythrocytes from non pregnant women. On 0-1 day after delivery, erythrocyte deformability was significantly reduced, compared with that at 36-41 weeks of gestation. Erythrocyte ATP levels at 16-27 weeks, 28-31 weeks and 36-41 weeks of gestation were significantly lower than that in non pregnant women. In puerperium, erythrocyte ATP levels dropped significantly compared with those in late gestational period. From these results, it was suggested that the depressed erythrocyte deformabilities were accompanied by a lowering of erythrocyte ATP levels in pregnancy and puerperium. PMID- 6512328 TI - [Effects of estrogen, progesterone and androgen on autoradiograms of the immature rat uterus]. AB - Endometrial cancer is more frequent in patients at a postmenopausal age, when the ovarian secretion of androgens instead of estrogens seems to be relatively increased. In clinical or experimental medicine, progesterones are widely used for the treatment of endometrial cancer, probably because they have an antiestrogenic action and cause differentiation of cancer cells from the proliferative phase. The effects of testosterone(T), progesterone(P), and/or 17 beta-estradiol(E) on the incorporation of 3H-thymidine in autoradiograms were investigated in immature rats. The autoradiogram revealed many grains due to 3H thymidine in the endometrial epithelium, stroma, and the myometrium in the immature rat 30 hours after E-injection. T alone markedly induced the DNA synthesis in the stroma and the myometrium, but not in the epithelium. T displayed a synergistic interaction with E in both the stroma and the myometrium with a slight increase in thymidine incorporation into the epithelium. P alone induced DNA synthesis in the stroma and the myometrium. Simultaneous injection of E and P also produced the same result as that when P alone was injected. P markedly inhibited DNA synthesis due to E in the epithelium. Autoradiograms of the immature rat uterus provide basic support for the rationality of P therapy for cancer or adenomatous hyperplasia of the endometrium. PMID- 6512329 TI - [Tumorigenicity of the cell lines (TTK-1 cell lines) derived from normal human decidua in nude mice]. AB - Two cell lines, TTK-1(E) and TTK-1(F), derived from normal human early decidual tissue have been maintained in culture through forty subcultures since July, 1979. These cell lines were transplanted subcutaneously into nude mice at 6 weeks of age to investigate their tumorigenicity. Rapidly growing tumor nodules formed at the site of implantation. The incidence of tumor growth was 60% in TTK-1(E) and 80% in TTK-1(F). The tumor tissues were composed of poorly differentiated cells arranged in cord-like and/or gland-like structures, and showed the malignant histological characteristics. Light microscopic and electron microscopic studies revealed that the properties of the tumor cell populations are identical with those of the culture cells of the two cell lines before implantation. These results obviously indicated that the tumors had grown from the implanted cells. Although the tumors developed from the respective two cell line showed some common histological features, they apparently differed in light microscopic and electron microscopic findings. Tumorigenesis with malignant features could be attributed to the in vitro spontaneous neoplastic transformations during successive subcultures, which might be useful as an in vitro model of endometrial carcinogenesis. PMID- 6512330 TI - [Tumor cell kinetics in uterine cervical carcinoma following irradiation]. AB - 15 cases of squamous cell carcinoma of uterine cervix which received radiotherapy were investigated in order to elucidate tumor cell kinetics following irradiation. The DNA content of Pararosanillin-Feulgen stained tumor cells were measured by fluorescence cytophotometry which provided great precision in the field of microspectrophotometry. Besides the cell preparation, tumor cells were precisely identified under blue light excitation (405nm). It is of great value to obtain a reliable DNA histogram of tumor cells with this method. In both groups of radioresistant cases (n = 3) and radiosensitive cases (n = 12), the same trend in cell kinetics was noted until 1400 rad, such as G2-block, endoreduplication, and a decrease in the 2c cell (G0 + G1) population. Most of the residual cells at 3000 rad of radioresistant cases showed little irradiation-induced morphological change. These cells were proved to be 2C cells in this study. This indicates that these radioresistant cells were non-cycling cells (G0). The mean value for the 2C cell population before irradiation was 65% in radioresistant cases and 46% in radiosensitive cases, respectively. The former contained a larger proportion of 2C cells than the latter. Clinically, the 2C cell population before irradiation may be used as a useful parameter to forecast radiosensitivity. PMID- 6512331 TI - [Studies on periodic changes of fetal and neonatal heart rate]. AB - The changes in fetal heart rate (FHR) and neonatal heart rate (NHR) were analyzed by the functions of autocorrelation and cross correlation between FHR (or NHR) and digitally generated sine waves with the use of a 2100A minicomputer in 201 fetuses which received FHR records 221 times and 11 neonates. Among these cases, 9 fetuses and 1 neonate showed some periodicities in FHR (or NHR) long term variability obtained from gross examination as well as from the calculation of the functions. Fetal cases showed the 1st maximum at 13 to 22 seconds after autocorrelation analysis and the neonate case at 25 seconds. In cross correlation analyses of fetal cases, peaks were noted at 2.72 to 4.48cpm in the frequency distribution. In the neonate case, a peak was noted at 2.5cpm. The fetuses showed changes in their inactive stage that were determined by decreased fetal movement. No particular prognosis was noted among these fetuses after discovering periodic FHR changes. The neonate showed a change in hypoxia. This neonate died 2 days after the examination. In conclusion, about 3 to 5 cpm periodic changes may occur in inactive stages of normal fetus. PMID- 6512332 TI - [Secondary check-up of cervix cancer: Cancer Screening Committee of the Japan Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology]. PMID- 6512333 TI - [Clinical studies on radical hysterectomy with preoperative external irradiation for stage III cancer of the cervix]. AB - Full dose preoperative external irradiation was performed in cases of stage III cancer of the cervix (36 cases), and the effects were studied. The effects of preoperative irradiation on the operation, such as the time required for operation and the bleeding volume tended to be shorter and decreased, compared to stage III cases with postoperative irradiation (23 cases), and showed rather little difference when compared to cases of stage II with postoperative irradiation (85 cases). The postoperative effects, such as days required for the beginning of spontaneous urination, decrease in residual urine to less than 50 ml, and duration of fever (over 38 degrees C), did not differ from cases of stage III with postoperative irradiation, but there was a tendency to prolongation compared to cases of stage II. Histopathological examination of the specimen resected after the operation revealed that cancer parenchyma in the primary focus was influenced by irradiation in nearly 90% of cases, cancer cells showing degeneration and destruction with markedly decreased proliferative potentiality. Cases showing cancer infiltration into the vaginal stump and tip of the cardinal ligament were 8.3%, which was significantly lower than in stage III cases with postoperative irradiation. The frequency of metastasis to intrapelvic lymph node was 30.6%, significantly lower than 56.5% in stage III cases with postoperative irradiation, and lower than 36.5% in stage II cases. As to the postoperative complications raising clinical problems, disturbance of the urinary tract was noted in 52.8% and that of the rectum in 47.2%, but these complications became fatal in none.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6512334 TI - [A survey of placental separation by real-time B-mode scanning]. AB - Using real-time B-mode Scanning, uteri were observed in 200 cases of delivery focusing on the mechanism of separation and expulsation of the placenta. The following are the main results reported: Ultrasonographically, modes of placental separation and expulsion could be classified into three types, I, II and III. In Type I, soon after the delivery of the fetus, the placenta separated from its bed very smoothly and slid out usually with the first or the second after pains. Blood loss in this type was usually the least, and the duration of the third stage of delivery was the shortest. In Type II, separation of the placenta from its bed began at the marginal site, progressed with each recurring contraction of the uterus. Bleeding was continuous, blood loss tended to be great and expulsation of the placenta was apt to be delayed. In Type III, separation of the placenta started not in the margin but in the central part, and separation progressed as retroplacental hematoma was formed resulting in an increase in the size of the placenta. Blood loss and duration of the third stage of delivery were generally moderate. Among these three types, Type I was the most common, 53 per cent of the cases, and was considered to be the most desirable from the obstetrician's point of view because of the smaller blood loss and the shortening of the third stage of delivery. PMID- 6512335 TI - [Deoxyribonucleic acid and protein synthesis in delayed mouse blastocysts in vitro]. AB - Developmental ability, DNA and protein synthesis were examined in mouse blastocysts which were delayed by proteinase inhibitors (nitrophenol-p-guanidino benzoate (NPGB) & soybean trypsin inhibitor. Cell division is depressed in the culture which contains proteinase inhibitors: Delayed blastocysts showed no increase in number after 5 days of culture. Mitotic figures were absent 120 hours after culture. On the other hand, most of the blastocysts showed a substantial increase in number in the first few days following the onset of delay. The DNA synthesis of nuclei in delayed blastocysts was measured by autoradiography incorporating [3H]-TdR. Although the incorporation rate was 54 +/- 8 cells/embryo (83 +/- 7%) on the first day of culture, it was decreased to 1/3 (36 +/- 5, 24 +/ 1%) on the 10th day of culture. Protein synthesis was measured with the incorporation rate of [35S]-methionine. The incorporation rate of delayed blastocysts declined sharply on the 5th day of culture (1.6 +/- 0.4 pmol/embryo/hr.) in contrast to that of normal implanted blastocysts (2.5 +/- 0.3 pmol/embryo/hr.). Qualitative changes in synthesized protein were estimated by SDS-PAGE. About 110 of the autoradiographic bands on 1-D gel were observed in the 4th day blastocysts, and actin is the major protein synthesized, located between 50,000 and 55,000 daltons. No differences in these bands were seen between normal and delayed blastocysts. However, two-dimensional gel showed that the qualitative patterns of protein synthesis of delayed embryos are significantly different from those of normal implanted blastocysts. In delayed blastocysts, trophoblast specific spots varied versatile. Above all, protein synthesis of trophoblast in delay is selectively suppressed by proteinase inhibitors, but not ICM. Therefore, delayed blastocysts are not always metabolically dormant. PMID- 6512336 TI - [Steroid levels and myometrial sensitivity to oxytocin]. AB - To examine the relation between changes in steroid concentrations in serum and myometrium and the uterine sensitivity to oxytocin, sixteen steroids including free and conjugated progesterone, 16 alpha OH-progesterone, 20 alpha OH progesterone, cortisol, 16 alpha OH-pregnenolone, DHA, 16 alpha OH-DHA, estrone, estradiol, estriol in serum and myometrium were measured simultaneously by RIA. 83 pregnant women near term were selected for this study and steroid levels were measured in 66 cases. There was a significant correlation between days to the onset of labor and myometrial sensitivity to oxytocin estimated by the Smyth test. The levels of 16 alpha OH-progesterone, 20 alpha OH-progesterone, cortisol, 16 alpha OH-pregnenolone, conjugated 16 alpha OH pregnenolone, estrone, estradiol, conjugated estrone, conjugated estradiol, conjugated estriol, conjugated DHA and conjugated 16 alpha OH-DHA increased as the uterine sensitivity to oxytocin increased, while the levels of progesterone decreased significantly. The ratios of 20 alpha OH-progesterone to progesterone and estradiol to progesterone also rose significantly, while the ratio of free to conjugated DHA fell significantly. Serial determination of steroid levels and ratios and sensitivity to oxytocin revealed a similar pattern to that mentioned above. There was a significant correlation between serum and myometrial concentrations of progesterone, 16 alpha OH-pregnenolone, DHA, conjugated DHA, estrone and estradiol. From these results it was concluded that the environment of steroid hormones may be closely related to myometrial sensitivity to oxytocin and the onset of labor. PMID- 6512338 TI - [Studies on the birthplace of residents in the remote area]. AB - Okutano district, consisting of Manba-machi, Nakazato-mura and Ueno-mura all in Tano-gun, Gunma Prefecture, population 7,778 according to the 1980 Population Census, is the remotest district in Gunma Prefecture and had a depopulation rate of 9.2% in the 1975-1980 period. In this remote district the economically and socially bad conditions today such as the aging trend, working conditions, etc. are accelerating the depopulation, and the absolute shortage of medical services is making the health breakdown of the residents more serious than expected. This study is on the birthplace of the residents in the district mentioned above, and through analysis and examination of the 2,384 records of birth and to find cases of maternal death and infant death during the last two decades. The results were as follows: The reversion in the number of hospitalized and non-hospitalized births came in 1967, which was 8 years later than the national average. These days almost 99% of deliveries occur in hospitals. Accordingly, the distance between the residence and the birthplace has increased. Hospitalized deliveries was took place mostly at clinics until around 1969, and at hospitals thereafter. On the selection of the hospital there is a tendency to choose a nearby one if the receiving conditions permit. The rate of hospitalized deliveries goes down in proportion to the increase in the number of times of the delivery or the age of the mother. Though cases of the maternal death and infant death occur in high frequency in remote areas, the improvement in medical care along with the increase in hospitalized deliveries has contributed a great deal to the decrease of such cases. PMID- 6512337 TI - [Correlation between cell cycle and cell morphology of RKN cells]. AB - In order to study the changes in the morphology of each phase of the cell cycle, RKN cells, derived from a human ovarian myosarcoma, were synchronized by a mitotic selection method and studied under time-lapse cinematography, light microscopy, scanning and transmission electron microscopy. RESULTS: M-phase: The cells with relatively a few cytoplasmic organelles were small and spherical, and chromosome were seen in them. The cell surface was covered with numerous mivilli. Late G1,S and early G2 phase: The large, thin cells were flat and polygonal with various organelles inside and had central nuclei. Most of the chromatin patterns were finely granular. No microvilli were found on the cell surface. Early G1 phase: The paired daughter cells were fanshaped and the nuclei were eccentric with finely granular chromatin patterns. At the edges of the cells, rufflers which were related to cell movements were often seen. Late G2-phase: The thick cells were of a spindle shape and the chromatin patterns were a coarse granular type. Again on the cell surface microvilli increased and the slender filopodia were often seen. PMID- 6512339 TI - [The effects of calmodulin and it's antagonist, W-7, on the acrosome reaction and fertilization of human spermatozoa]. AB - The acrosome reaction of mammalian spermatozoa has been shown to be dependent upon an influx of Ca2+ following capacitation. Recently it was shown that calmodulin which activates various enzymatic activities in a calcium-dependent manner is contained in the acrosomal portion of sperm obtained from diverse species including human. Therefore calmodulin appears to be the primary target for Ca2+-dependent regulatory process involved in the acrosome reaction. This report examines the effects of calmodulin and it's antagonist, W-7, on the acrosome reaction in human spermatozoa and the fertilization with zona free hamster eggs. The results are as follows: 1) In the experiment on fertilization in mBWW medium with 30nM of calmodulin, there was no significant difference between the calmodulin and the control. (2) In fertilization in mBWW medium with 2.5 to 25 microM of W-7, there were no significant changes in the fertilization rate, but there was a significant decrease in the fertilization rate when the concentration of W-7 was elevated up to 50 microM. (3) When fertilization in mBWW was performed using spermatozoa pretreated with W-7, the fertilization rates were more markedly and promptly elevated with insemination times than the control. (4) When the eggs and spermatozoa were pretreated with W-7 before insemination and then placed in mBWW medium, the fertilization rate was markedly decreased. (5) Triple stain method and transmission electron microscopy showed that a large proportion of spermatozoa had undergone the acrosome reaction in mBWW medium containing W-7 with normal manner. From the results given above, it appears that calmodulin plays an important role in the acrosome reaction and fertilization in human spermatozoa. PMID- 6512341 TI - [Advantages of lumbar epidural block for labor and vaginal delivery]. PMID- 6512340 TI - [Rapid measurement of estriol & estradiol by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)]. AB - Measurement of Estriol (E3) and Estradiol (E2) within 25 minutes by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was achieved in this study and the values were compared with those of radioimmunoassay (RIA). A totally computerized HPLC method was developed for measuring unconjugated E3 and E2 in the sera of pregnant women. The sera samples were injected directly into the apparatus and transferred to a pretreatment column where estrogens were absorbed while hydrophilic components such as proteins and carbohydrates were excluded. The estrogens then passed through another separation column containing a new type of polymer gel. The mobile phase consisted of an acetonitrile/water mixture, and separation was achieved by means of a reversed phase mechanism. The eluent was monitored for fluorescence. All these procedures were monitored and controlled with a built-in microcomputer. The sera samples from 61 normal pregnant women at 20 to 41 weeks of pregnancy were simultaneously assayed by HPLC and RIA. The correlation of values obtained from HPLC and RIA was; E3: Y = 0.875X-0.172, the coefficient of correlation was 0.899, E2: Y = 0.972X + 6.791, the coefficient of correlation was 0.841 (Y = RIA values, X = HPLC values). The quick measurements of E3 and E2 by HPLC can be a useful method in evaluating the feto-placental function. PMID- 6512342 TI - [Fetomaternal management of toxemic pregnancy]. PMID- 6512343 TI - [Postpartum blues syndrome]. PMID- 6512344 TI - [Committee report on the mass screening of uterine cancer]. PMID- 6512345 TI - [Bronchial arterial infusion of IFN-beta--a case report of lung cancer]. PMID- 6512347 TI - [22d meeting of the Japan Society for Cancer Therapy. 26-28 September 1984, Tokyo, Japan. Abstracts]. PMID- 6512346 TI - [Non-specific immunotherapy with OK-432, streptococcus pyogenes preparation, for inoperable cancer patients of the digestive tract]. PMID- 6512348 TI - [Urinary N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) isoenzyme activity in various renal diseases]. PMID- 6512349 TI - [Electrophysiologic observations on patients with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome with or without inducible A-V circus movement tachycardia]. PMID- 6512350 TI - [An autopsy case of cystinosis with chronic renal failure and primary hypothyroidism]. PMID- 6512351 TI - [Two cases of carbamazepine induced hepatitis]. PMID- 6512352 TI - [Sigmoid volvulus in association with megacolon in myotonic dystrophy]. PMID- 6512353 TI - [A case of paraganglioma diagnosed by 131I-metaiodobenzyl guanidine (MIBG) scintigraphy]. PMID- 6512354 TI - [Probable graft-versus-host reaction following massive blood transfusion in an aged patient with postoperative aortic aneurysm: a case report]. PMID- 6512356 TI - The radial forearm island flap in upper limb reconstruction. AB - The radial forearm island flap may be used for resurfacing areas of skin in the upper limb. It allows a safe one stage reconstruction of skin loss providing thin, pliable and innervated skin cover. We present five cases which demonstrate the versatility of the flap. PMID- 6512355 TI - [A case of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma presenting optic neuropathy induced by vincristine]. PMID- 6512357 TI - Single stage thumb reconstruction by a composite forearm island flap. AB - Single stage thumb reconstruction is possible with a new composite skin bone flap from the forearm. The primary vascularisation of skin and bone avoids the disadvantages of the conventional multi-staged procedures such as neurovascular insufficiency, infection and bone absorption. It does not require a surgical team with microsurgical expertise. The best indication is the reconstruction in the subtotal thumb amputation. PMID- 6512358 TI - Severe mincer injuries of the hand in children in Saudi Arabia. AB - A review of twenty-two children with a mean age of 1.9 +/- 0.3 years who sustained injuries to the fingers and hand by domestic mincer machine. In each case the child inserted his hand in the machine while in motion. The pattern of injury is discussed and recommendations to avoid these mutilating injuries are made. PMID- 6512359 TI - Determining the recipient site for a sensory island pedicle. AB - When performing a sensory island transfer for restoration of sensibility to an area of pinch, one must be accurate in determining the recipient site. We present a simple and precise means of determining the recipient site for a sensory island transfer by ink-blotting the areas of contact of the thumb and index finger. PMID- 6512361 TI - Dupuytren's disease arising from the abductor digiti minimi. AB - Twenty patients with Dupuytren's disease arising from the abductor digiti minimi have been studied. The different patterns of origin, course, and termination of the diseased cord are described, and the clinical implications discussed. PMID- 6512360 TI - The sesamoid bones of the hand and their pathology. AB - Three cases of sesamoid bone pathology are presented, including two cases of sesamoid fracture and a case of sesamoid periostitis. The literature is reviewed. Sesamoid bones probably function in the body as pulleys. Most people have five sesamoid bones in each hand. Two at the thumb metacarpophalangeal joint, one at the interphalangeal joint of the thumb, one at the metacarpophalangeal joint of the index finger on the radial side, and one at the metacarpophalangeal joint of the little finger on the ulnar side. Sesamoid bones have been seen with periostitis in Reiter's syndrome. The medial sesamoid bone of the thumb metacarpophalangeal is frequently enlarged in acromegaly. The sesamoid bones of the thumb have been fractured or trapped inside the joint during injury to the thumb metacarpophalangeal joint. The treatment of disabling pain in a sesamoid bone is enucleation of the bone. PMID- 6512362 TI - The dorsal wrinkle ligaments of the proximal interphalangeal joint. AB - This investigation is concerned with a precise description of the anatomy of cutaneous ligaments over the dorsum of the proximal interphalangeal joint which define the "wrinkle pattern" and their relationship to other fascial structures in the digits. The significance of alterations of the wrinkle pattern in pathological conditions (e.g. knuckle pads) will be discussed. PMID- 6512363 TI - Subclavian artery aneurysm due to costoclavicular compression. AB - Proximal involvement of the innervation of the arm is a well recognised cause of hand symptoms; a proximal vascular abnormality is rarely responsible. This case report describes such a rare cause, namely, a post-stenotic aneurysm of the subclavian artery due to an abnormal first rib but in the absence of a cervical rib or scalene bands. PMID- 6512364 TI - Multiple superficialis motor for opponens and lumbrical replacement: one stage correction of leprous claw hand. AB - A new one stage approach for the correction of total claw hand in leprosy has been described using multiple superficialis motor for opponens and lumbrical replacement. Five cases have been operated with good results by this technique. The operative technique is described, advantages and precautions discussed. PMID- 6512365 TI - Repair of chronic subluxation of the distal radioulnar joint (ulnar dorsal) using flexor carpi ulnaris tendon. AB - Chronic dislocation of the distal radio-ulnar joint is usually treated conservatively or by resection of the ulnar head (the Darrach procedure). Recently there has emerged a trend towards reconstructive stabilization procedures, based on modifications of old methods. This article describes a stabilization procedure for correction of chronic subluxation of the distal radio ulnar joint (ulnar-dorsal) using the flexor carpi ulnaris tendon. A series of five patients is presented together with a historical review of the development of reconstructive approaches in this area. PMID- 6512366 TI - Swanson implant arthroplasty of the wrist in rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Sixty rheumatoid wrists operated with Swanson implant arthroplasty were evaluated after a mean observation time of thirty-three months. Grip function in daily living improved in 60%, pain decreased in 88%, range of motion increased in 83% and grip strength increased in 69% of operated wrists. Significantly impaired function was found in wrists with implant fracture (12%) and in cases with pronounced bone resorption around the implant (23%). Ulnar deviation and carpal collapse were commonly found but did not impair the function significantly. In seven patients the contralateral wrist had been fused and was compared to the arthroplasty. The merits and indications of arthroplasty are discussed. PMID- 6512367 TI - Metacarpophalangeal joint arthroplasty eleven year follow-up study. AB - During a period from April, 1972 to May, 1983, 339 Swanson silastic implants were implanted in eighty-two hands of fifty-five patients. A follow-up study was performed to evaluate the long-term function of these implants. Our follow-up study indicates that metacarpophalangeal joint arthroplasty can relieve pain, correct deformity, improve appearance and improve hand function by providing functional motion and stability. Few long-term problems were noted and the functional benefits gained by surgery decreased little with time. Patient satisfaction was high. PMID- 6512368 TI - The conservative management of fractures of the shafts of the phalanges of the fingers by combined traction-splintage. AB - Recent publications discussing fractures of the shafts of the phalanges of the fingers discount their management by traction because of possible complications and difficulties of application. A technique using splintage combined with isometric skin traction, used for many years in Southampton, has proved effective and free of complications. The results of the treatment of eighteen consecutive appropriate fractures using this technique are discussed. PMID- 6512369 TI - Recurrent dorsal trans-scaphoid perilunate dislocation. AB - A case is presented in which trans-scaphoid perilunate dislocation occurred through a scaphoid non-union. The place of open reduction and immediate bone grafting is discussed. PMID- 6512370 TI - Terminal branch of anterior interosseous nerve as source of wrist pain. AB - The terminal branch of the anterior interosseous nerve is described anatomically and demonstrated histologically. Injury to this nerve can be the source of persistent, dull aching volar wrist pain. Suitability for partial volar wrist denervation is determined by functional testing before and after a diagnostic nerve block. Experience with twelve patients with this problem is presented. PMID- 6512371 TI - Axon regeneration and vascularisation of nerve grafts. An experimental study. AB - An experimental model has been designed to assess the effect of vascularisation on axon regeneration in nerve grafts. The vascular status of the grafts has been demonstrated by microangiography and histology. Rat sciatic nerve grafts in which the vascular pedicles were left intact retained a normal vascular pattern which was not adversely affected by wrapping the graft in a polythene sleeve. In devascularised grafts, revascularisation commenced at three days and was complete at nine days. If the devascularised grafts were wrapped in a polythene sleeve, revascularisation was impeded and at fifteen days the middle segment of the graft was avascular and infarcted. The rate of axon regeneration was measured electrophysiologically in the above four groups of nerve grafts. There was a linear relationship between the rate of axon regeneration with time post-graft, axon growth proceeding at a mean rate of 1.150mm/day (S.E. +/- 0.084) after a mean delay of 4.85 days. There was no significant difference in the rate of axon regeneration in the four groups. PMID- 6512372 TI - Subungual melanoma following a single injury. AB - Subungual melanoma is an uncommon disease. This paper presents eight cases where a subungual melanoma followed a single injury to the digit after an interval of between nine months and seven years (average 2.9 years). Although most injuries to the nail bed have no long term problems and subungual melanomata do arise in apparently normal nail beds, it is felt that there is increasing evidence that a direct causal relationship between the injury and the melanoma exists in some cases. This evidence includes case histories, statistical studies, the incidence of melanoma in coloured races and the distribution between the various digits. PMID- 6512373 TI - Entrapment neuropathy caused by tophaceous gout. AB - Entrapment neuropathy associated with gout is a rare occurrence. We report two cases of entrapment neuropathy of ulnar tunnel syndrome and carpal tunnel syndrome caused by gouty tophi. Problems related to its mechanism and treatment are discussed. PMID- 6512374 TI - Combined reconstruction of volar and radial instability of a thumb metacarpo phalangeal joint. AB - The purpose of this paper is to present a case of the combined volar and radial ligament instability of a thumb metacarpophalangeal joint secondary to trauma. A successful reconstruction of the volar capsule and the radial collateral ligament was achieved using the tendon of the extensor pollicis brevis. PMID- 6512375 TI - An anomalous flexor digitorum superficialis indicis muscle in association with a fibroma presenting as a stiff painful finger. AB - A description is given of a fibroma associated with an anomalous muscle arising from the flexor digitorum superficialis indicis tendon distal to the transverse carpal ligament, which presented as a stiff painful finger. PMID- 6512376 TI - Replacement of destroyed metacarpal heads by autografting metatarsal heads. AB - A surgical procedure of replacing a destroyed metacarpal head with a metatarsal graft is described. With this method internal fixation with foreign material as well as postoperative immobilisation can be avoided. A follow up of 25 autotransplantations in rheumatoid patients is presented, showing no complications and fair function of the new operated joint. PMID- 6512377 TI - A tendon sheath tumour presenting as trigger finger. AB - The symptom of trigger finger may be caused by a variety of lesions. This report describes a trigger finger caused by a tumour in the tendon sheath. Trigger finger refers to transient arrest of motion in a finger. It may be caused by a variety of lesions such as those of the volar plate (Yancey & Howard, 1962) and joint capsule (Aldred, 1954), structural abnormalities of the metacarpal head (Flatt, 1961), lacerations of the flexor tendons (Janecki, 1976) and 'loose bodies' (Milford, 1971). Triggering as a result of tumour of the tendon sheath does not, however, appear to have been reported. PMID- 6512378 TI - Flexor digitorum profundus avulsion through enchondroma. AB - A flexor digitorum profundus tendon avulsion occurring at the site of a pathological fracture through an enchondroma is reported. The avulsion appears to be the result of direct trauma crush to the distal phalanx of the little finger. The lesion was curetted and grafted using autogenous bone, the fracture was stabilized with a K-wire and the tendon was advanced and secured using Bunnell pullout wire technique. The lesion healed and function was restored. PMID- 6512379 TI - Pseudo-malignant osseous tumour of soft tissue. AB - A case of pseudo-malignant osseous tumour of soft tissue in the hand is described. The history was over two years with intractable pain becoming the dominant symptom. There was no history of trauma or infection initiating the condition. Local amputation provided complete relief of symptoms and there has been no recurrence in two years. PMID- 6512380 TI - An unusual "giant" lipofibroma in the palm. AB - A case is described of an unusually large lipofibromatous hamartoma arising from the tendon sheath of flexor pollicis longus. PMID- 6512381 TI - Arterio-venous hamartoma of the hand. PMID- 6512382 TI - Acute calcific periarthritis in a child. AB - We wish to present an account of a child who developed acute calcification in his thenar eminence to highlight the difficulty in differentiation between calcific periarthritis, acute infection, on clinical grounds. Calcific periarthritis is due to hydroxyapatite crystal deposits in bursae, tendons and ligaments (Bonavita 1980) with characteristic radiographic appearances of opacities of variable density and shape around joints (Hitchcock 1959). The condition was first described in the shoulder, by Duplay in 1870 (Sandstrom 1938) and this remains the most commonly affected site. The hip, elbow, wrist, knee and ankle may also be involved but involvement of the hand is uncommon. Involvement in this site was first described in 1924 by Cohen (Carroll 1955). The previously reported age span ranged from thirteen years upwards, with an average of forty-five years, both sexes being equally affected (Currey 1970, Hitchcock 1959, Bonavita 1980). PMID- 6512383 TI - Multiple leiomyomata of the urinary bladder. PMID- 6512384 TI - The occurrence of delusions in the absence of other psychotic symptoms. PMID- 6512385 TI - Sleep apnea. The University of Kentucky experience. PMID- 6512386 TI - Chronic traumatic pseudoaneurysm of the thoracic aorta: recognition by computed tomography. PMID- 6512387 TI - Aortic thrombosis in the neonate. PMID- 6512388 TI - Measurement and management of tinnitus. Part I. Measurement. AB - This paper comprises mainly a description of the clinical practice and experience of the Tinnitus Clinic at the General Hospital, Nottingham, which has evolved as a result of and during the course of a 3-year DHSS-sponsored study of the efficacy of tinnitus maskers. The paper is supported by some experimental data from laboratory, epidemiological and clinical studies, and by information on the number of patients who can be seen, the staff required and the methods used in the clinic. PMID- 6512389 TI - Resonance in theories of hearing. PMID- 6512390 TI - Brain abscess secondary to otitis media. AB - Otogenic brain abscess still occurs despite advances in antibiotics. The possible diagnosis should be disproved rather than ignored in any patient who presents with a discharging ear and who has any intracranial symptoms. Otogenic brain abscess carries a 47.2 per cent risk of a fatal outcome and those patients who survive have a 95 per cent risk of developing epilepsy. PMID- 6512391 TI - Choanal atresia. Clinical considerations for management. AB - Taking cognizance of the embryology and newer diagnostic techniques, the transpalatal route is strongly recommended as the optimal surgical procedure for the management of choanal atresia. It should be performed as soon as general anesthesia can be safely administered. In selected instances, but particularly when a patient is at increased surgical risk, necessitating surgical brevity, the endonasal puncture technique should be considered as the initial procedure. Parents must be appraised of the potential for subsequent growth deficiencies, mental retardation, and crossbite. PMID- 6512392 TI - Serum immunoglobulins in patients with chronic tonsillitis. AB - Serum immunoglobulin (IgG, IgA and IgM) levels were determined in patients with chronic tonsillitis before and one month after tonsillectomy. The preoperative levels of serum IgG, IgA and IgM were significantly higher when compared with the controls. The increase may be due to repeated antigenic stimulation. The post operative levels for the three immunoglobulins were decreased; however, a significant reduction was observed for IgG only where the mean value was comparable with the control group. The data confirm that tonsillectomy does not disturb the humoral immune system of the body. PMID- 6512393 TI - The value of soft tissue radiography in the assessment and treatment of lingual tonsillar hypertrophy. AB - When surgery is indicated for benign lingual tonsillar hypertrophy, the surgical procedure varies with the degree of hypertrophy. Lateral soft-tissue radiography of the neck provides an excellent adjunct to clinical examination as a means of assessing the degree of hypertrophy. Pre-operative radiography is therefore recommended when difficulty or uncertainty arises in assessing the extent of hypertrophy clinically. PMID- 6512394 TI - Upper digestive tract neoplasia in the cat (a comparative study). AB - Along with man and the dog, the cat is predisposed to a variety of neoplasia of the upper digestive tract. The present paper is an account of the case material seen in a surgical pathology department during a 24-year period, with comments on the comparative aspects where relevant. PMID- 6512395 TI - Conservative trans-mandibular approach in the surgical treatment of tumors of the parapharyngeal space. AB - The authors suggest a conservative transmandibular approach for the surgical treatment of large latero-pharyngeal tumors extending towards the base of the skull. This technique, which may seem more radical and complex is, however, a more logical and conservative approach; and, owing to the excellent surgical field, it is able to keep the delicate surrounding structures intact and to reduce the risk of hemorrhagic and/or neurological complications. PMID- 6512396 TI - Neoglottis phonatoria. 106 cases of a one-stage surgical procedure for vocal rehabilitation after laryngectomy. PMID- 6512397 TI - Acid posterior laryngitis. Aetiology, histology, diagnosis and treatment. AB - The authors have treated 44 patients with posterior chronic acid laryngitis. Biopsy was performed in all patients. Characteristic changes typical of the hyper regenerative or atrophic phase of reflux oesophagitis were identified in all specimens. Gastric hypersecretion was proven in all but two patients. The aetiologic factors of acid posterior laryngitis are gastro-oesophageal reflux, with friction of both vocal processes during phonation and vocal abuse. The preferred therapy is removal of circumscribed lesions with a suitable medical regimen. PMID- 6512398 TI - Use of the carbon dioxide laser in the management of premalignant lesions of the oral mucosa. PMID- 6512399 TI - Embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma of the ear: a review of the literature and case history. AB - Approximately 50 per cent of all rhabdomyosarcomas in children occur in the head and neck region with the orbit, nasopharynx and ear in order of descending frequency. Embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma is the commonest malignant tumour of the aural region in childhood and its clinical course is usually rapidly fatal, with extensive local disease and or distant metastases (Dehner and Chen, 1978). Other malignant tumours that can occur in children include melanoma and other mesenchymal tumours, including undifferentiated sarcoma, fibrosarcoma, osteogenic sarcomas and Ewing sarcoma. Secondary extension may occur from a meningioma. Osseous disorders of the temporal bone, such as eosinophilic granuloma and Hand Schuller-Christian disease, should be included as a differential diagnosis (Lewis, 1979). PMID- 6512400 TI - Eosinophilic ulcer of the tongue. PMID- 6512401 TI - Thyroglossal cyst carcinoma. AB - A case of papillary thyroid carcinoma arising in a thyroglossal duct cyst is presented. The tumour is rare and is generally not expected preoperatively. The clinical and pathological characteristics are emphasized, the treatment is discussed, and the importance of excision of thyroglossal duct cysts is stressed. PMID- 6512402 TI - Depression in learning disabled children. PMID- 6512403 TI - Concerns in interpreting subtest scatter on the tests of cognitive ability from the Woodcock-Johnson Psycho-Educational Battery. PMID- 6512405 TI - An analysis of the learning styles of adolescent delinquents. PMID- 6512404 TI - Phonological awareness and verbal short-term memory. PMID- 6512406 TI - Social behavior problems of learning disabled and normal girls. PMID- 6512407 TI - Learning disabled children's understanding of social interactions of peers. PMID- 6512408 TI - Family history as an indicator of risk for reading disability. PMID- 6512409 TI - Social acceptability characteristics of learning disabled students. PMID- 6512410 TI - On distorting reality to comprehend distortion. PMID- 6512411 TI - The Bilingual Special Education Interface: issues in assessment. PMID- 6512412 TI - Characterization of high density lipoprotein binding activity in rat adrenocortical cells. AB - Rat adrenocortical cells take up high density lipoprotein cholesterol for use as steroidogenic substrate. To better understand this unique uptake process, we have first characterized HDL binding. Infusion of human 125I-labeled HDL into rats pretreated with 4-APP demonstrated that the adrenal and ovary accumulate HDL in a saturable fashion in vivo. Subsequent studies using isolated rat adrenocortical cells demonstrated that cellular uptake of HDL is comprised of two events. One event is characterized by reversible membrane binding and is complete by 60 min (t1/2 = 20 min). The second event is marked by irreversible apoprotein accumulation which continues for at least 3 hr. Reversibly bound material exhibits the same apoprotein distribution as unincubated HDL. Irreversible accumulation could not be attributed to internalization or lysosomal accumulation inasmuch as it also occurred with partially purified plasma membranes and was not enhanced by addition of chloroquine. Reversible binding of human HDL3 exhibited a saturable dependence on concentration (Kd = 27 micrograms protein/ml; N = 3.0 X 10(6) sites/cell) similar to that previously reported for rat liver, ovary, and testis. Cell accumulation of HDL decreased by over 80% at 4 degrees C compared to 37 degrees C, did not require calcium, and was not diminished by prior cell treatment with trypsin or pronase. These results indicate that rat adrenocortical cells possess plasma membrane recognition sites for HDL with different properties than those of the LDL receptor. Moreover, adrenal accumulation of HDL apoproteins does not lead to secondary lysosome formation. PMID- 6512413 TI - Serum lipids and lipoprotein composition in spontaneously diabetic BB Wistar rats. AB - Serum lipid and lipoprotein composition in spontaneously diabetic BB Wistar rats, nondiabetic littermates, and control Wistar rats was studied to elucidate diabetes-related abnormalities of lipoprotein composition. Serum total triglycerides and pre-beta-lipoprotein concentrations of insulin-treated spontaneously diabetic BB and nondiabetic littermate rats were significantly higher than those of control Wistar rats. Serum cholesterol and HDL cholesterol concentrations of spontaneously diabetic BB and nondiabetic littermate rats did not differ from controls. Concentrations of very low density lipoproteins (VLDL), low density lipoproteins (LDL), and high density lipoproteins (HDL) of spontaneously diabetic BB and nondiabetic littermate rats were higher than those of normal rats. With sodium dodecylsulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis it was observed that the spontaneously diabetic BB and nondiabetic littermate rat VLDL contained higher percentages of apoE relative to total apoC when compared with control Wistar rats. With isoelectric focusing, apoC-II relative percentages in VLDL and HDL of both spontaneously diabetic BB and nondiabetic littermate rats were higher than apoC-II proportions in VLDL and HDL of controls. Apolipoprotein A-I of the control rat HDL showed four isoforms that focused at pI 5.8 (17.3%), 5.75 (30.6%), 5.65 (31.8%), and 5.55 (20.5%); however, the spontaneously diabetic BB and nondiabetic littermate rat HDL apoA-I was mainly represented by two isoforms that focused at pI 5.8 and 5.75. VLDL of both diabetic and nondiabetic BB rats contained higher levels of acidic apoE isoforms compared to their counterparts in control Wistar rats. Although HDL cholesterol concentrations of spontaneously diabetic BB rats remained normal, protein concentrations were higher resulting in a low cholesterol/protein ratio in HDL suggesting that the cholesterol-carrying capacity of spontaneously diabetic BB rat HDL could be less than normal and may be due to an abnormal apoA-I composition. Quantitative alterations of lipid and lipoprotein composition appear in the BB Wistar rat when compared to the Wistar rat, but some of the changes are more pronounced in the spontaneously diabetic BB Wistar rat. PMID- 6512414 TI - Formation of urso- and ursodeoxy-cholic acids from primary bile acids by a Clostridium limosum soil isolate. AB - A gram-positive, rod-shaped anaerobe (isolate F-14) was isolated from soil. This organism was identified by cellular morphology as well as by fermentative and biochemical data as Clostridium limosum. Isolate F-14 formed ursocholic acid (UC) and 7-ketodeoxycholic acid (7-KDC) from cholic acid (CA), and ursodeoxycholic acid (UDC) and 7-ketolithocholic acid (7-KLC) from chenodeoxycholic acid (CDC) in whole cell cultures, but did not transform deoxycholic acid (DC). No hydrolysis or transformation occurred when either taurine- or glycine-conjugated bile acids were incubated with F-14. The type stain of Clostridium limosum (American Type Culture Collection 25620) did not transform bile acids. The structures of ursocholic, ursodeoxycholic, 7-ketodeoxycholic, and 7-ketolithocholic acids were verified by mass spectroscopy and by thin-layer chromatography using Komarowsky's spray reagent. The organism transformed cholic and chenodeoxycholic acids at concentrations of 20 mM and 1 mM, respectively; higher concentrations of bile acids inhibited growth. Optimal yields of ursocholic and ursodeoxycholic acids were obtained at 9-24 hr of incubation and depended upon the substrate used. Increasing yields of 7-ketodeoxycholic and 7-ketolithocholic acids, and decreasing yields of ursocholic and ursodeoxycholic acids were observed with longer periods of incubation. Culture pH changed with time and was characterized by a small initial drop (0.2-0.4 pH units) and a subsequent increase to a pH (8.1 8.2) that was above the starting pH (7.4).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6512415 TI - Characterization of gangliosides by direct inlet chemical ionization mass spectrometry. AB - Permethylated derivatives of N-acetylneuraminic acid-containing GM3, N glycolylneuraminic acid-containing GM3, GD1a, and GD1b, were analyzed by direct inlet ammonia chemical ionization (CI) mass spectrometry. These compounds were found to yield simple fragmentations, prominent fragment ions in the high mass region, and characteristic fragment ions corresponding to the cleavage of glycosidic linkages. This method also provides detailed information on the carbohydrate sequence and lipophilic composition in gangliosides. PMID- 6512416 TI - Cardiac metabolism of omega-(p-iodo-phenyl)-pentadecanoic acid: a gas-liquid chromatographic-mass spectrometric analysis. AB - The omega-(p-iodo-phenyl)-pentadecanoic acid (I-PPA) has been used successfully for the investigation of the cardiac metabolic activity and for the imaging of the myocardium (Machulla, H. J., M. Marsmann, and K. Dutschka. 1980. Eur. J. Nucl. Med. 5: 171-173). In the present study, the metabolic fate of I-PPA in the perfused rat heart was investigated. After application of I-PPA to the perfused rat heart, lipids were extracted, separated by thin-layer chromatography, and transesterified. The gas-liquid chromatographic-mass spectrometric (GLC-MS) analysis yielded the following results. Heart triglycerides contained 73% of the recovered I-PPA; only small amounts of unesterified I-PPA were found in the heart. This finding is in good agreement with the radioactivity distribution determined simultaneously. Three metabolites could be detected and characterized by GLC-MS: omega-(p-iodo-phenyl)-propionic acid, omega-(p-iodo-phenyl)-propenoic acid, and p-iodo-benzoic acid. These short chain metabolites were found only in the perfusion medium demonstrating that they are not enriched but rapidly eliminated from the perfused rat heart. PMID- 6512417 TI - Characterization of human liver 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranuronosyl-cholesterol by mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. AB - We have isolated an unusual acidic glycolipid which was detected in the lower phase of the Folch partition of the total lipid extract of human liver during a routine isolation of glycosphingolipids. With the solvent systems commonly used for thin-layer chromatography of glycosphingolipids, this glycolipid has a mobility similar to GbOse3Cer, one of the major glycosphingolipids in human liver. Free cholesterol was released from this glycolipid upon treatment with beta-glucuronidase. The electron impact mass spectrum of the permethylated derivative of this glycolipid showed an intense peak at m/e 369 which is consistent with the cholesterol part of the molecule. It also showed m/e 233 and 201 which are derived from the permethylated glucopyranuronosyl residue. The final proof of the structure was accomplished by high resolution NMR spectroscopy which revealed the presence of beta-linked glucopyranuronosyl residue and cholesterol. Thus, the structure of this acidic glycolipid was conclusively established to be 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranuronosyl-cholesterol. PMID- 6512418 TI - Mode of action of steroid desmolase and reductases synthesized by Clostridium "scindens" (formerly Clostridium strain 19). AB - A recently isolated hitherto unknown Clostridium from human feces, designated Clostridium "scindens" (formerly strain 19), synthesizes at least two enzymes active on the side-chain of the steroid molecule and two enzymes active on the hydroxyl groups of the 7-position of bile acids. Steroid desmolase, responsible for side-chain cleavage of corticoids, and 20 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase have not been detected in any other bacterial species of the resident colonic flora. Steroid desmolase is Eh-dependent (optimum ca. -130 mV), requires a hydroxy group at C-17, and preferably an alpha-ketol group in the side-chain; an alpha-hydroxy group at C-20 reduces and a beta-hydroxy group at C-20 prevents side-chain cleavage. With suitable substrates, the yield of C-19 steroids is proportional to the bacterial multiplication rate. 20 alpha-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (20 alpha-HSDH) is also Eh-dependent (optimum ca. -300 mV) and reduces the C-20 keto function to an alpha-hydroxy group, regardless of the presence or absence of a hydroxy group at C-17. 7 alpha-Dehydroxylase metabolizes cholic and chenodeoxycholic acid, while 7 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase acts upon ursodeoxycholic acid. The latter two enzymes are not specific for C. scindens. PMID- 6512419 TI - Separation of brain monosialoganglioside molecular species by high-performance liquid chromatography. AB - A method for the separation of molecular species of brain monosialogangliosides by high-performance liquid chromatography is described. GM4, GM3, GM2, and GM1 were purified from human brain and their individual molecular species were separated on a C18 reversed-phase column. Peaks were identified by mass spectrometry of the intact ganglioside, by gas-liquid chromatography of the fatty acids, and by high-performance liquid chromatography of the long chain bases. A characteristic elution sequence of molecular species permitted their identification based upon their retention times on the reversed-phase column. PMID- 6512420 TI - Improved method for the synthesis of phosphatidylcholines. AB - An improved method for the synthesis of phosphatidylcholines from phosphatidic acid and choline is described. The technique utilizes the tetraphenylborate salt of choline together with the condensing agent 2,4,6-triisopropylbenzenesulfonyl chloride. The yields in the reaction are consistently in the range 70-75%. PMID- 6512421 TI - Separation of neutral lipids and free fatty acids by high-performance liquid chromatography using low wavelength ultraviolet detection. AB - Normal phase, isocratic high-performance liquid chromatography methods are described for the separation of neutral lipid and fatty acid classes using low wavelength detection. Prior to high-performance liquid chromatography, methods were developed and are described for the separation of phospholipids from neutral lipids and fatty acids using small (600 mg) silica Sep-PaksTM. Recoveries of cholesteryl esters, triglycerides, fatty acids, and phospholipids from the silica columns were greater than 95%. Two mobile phases are described for lipid class separation by high-performance liquid chromatography. The first mobile phase, hexane-2-propanol-acetic acid 100:0.5:01, resulted in incomplete separation of cholesteryl ester and triglyceride but excellent separations of fatty acids and cholesterol. The second mobile phase, hexane-n-butyl chloride-acetonitrile-acetic acid 90:10:1.5:0.01, resulted in complete separation of the four lipid classes. This mobile phase also separated individual triglycerides and fatty acids based on the number of double bonds. Recoveries of radiolabeled lipids for the four lipid classes from high-performance liquid chromatography was greater than 95% with both mobile phases. PMID- 6512422 TI - Physician impairment: past, present, future. PMID- 6512423 TI - An historical review of Georgia's Impaired Physicians Program. PMID- 6512424 TI - Elements of the Impaired Physicians Program. PMID- 6512425 TI - Characterization of Georgia's Impaired Physicians Program treatment population: data and statistics. PMID- 6512426 TI - Relapse and recovery: special issues for chemically dependent physicians. PMID- 6512427 TI - Dynamics in group process in impaired health professionals. PMID- 6512428 TI - Chemical abuse/dependence: physicians' occupational hazard. PMID- 6512430 TI - Reducing the death rate from cancer. PMID- 6512429 TI - Hospital-based wellness committee. PMID- 6512431 TI - Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. PMID- 6512432 TI - The physician's statutory obligation to furnish medical records to patients. PMID- 6512433 TI - Patients with reduced agency: conceptual, empirical, and ethical considerations. PMID- 6512434 TI - Volitional disability and physician attitudes toward noncompliance. AB - We develop the concept of a volitional disability as an aid in understanding those patients who behave in ways that are harmful to themselves in spite of their desire to do otherwise. Using this concept enables us to describe their behavior as intentional but 'involuntary'. We demonstrate the clinical reality of such behavior by giving clinical examples of the behavior of those with phobic, compulsive, and addictive disorders. We then attempt to show how some kinds of self-harming behavior of noncompliant patients are similar to phobic and compulsive behavior. We propose use of the concept of volitional disability to make it easier for physicians to work with these noncompliant patients and thus to improve their ability to provide better care for them. PMID- 6512435 TI - Patient truthfulness: a test of models of the physician-patient relationship. AB - Little attention has been given in medical ethics literature to issues relating to the truthfulness of patients. Beginning with an actual medical case, this paper first explores truth-telling by doctors and patients as related to two prominent models of the physician-patient relationship. Utilizing this discussion and the literature on the truthfulness and accuracy of the information patients convey to doctors, these models are then critically assessed. It is argued that the patient agency (patient autonomy or contractual) model is inherently and seriously flawed in numerous circumstances, even those involving informed and competent adult patients. PMID- 6512436 TI - Philosophical aspects of brain death. PMID- 6512437 TI - The conservative use of the brain-death criterion--a critique. AB - The whole brain-death criterion of death now enjoys a wide acceptance both within the medical profession and among the general public. That acceptance is in large part the product of the contention that brain death is the proper criterion for even a conservative definition of death - the irreversible loss of the integrated functioning of the organism as a whole. This claim - most recently made in the report of the Presidential Commission and in a comprehensive article by James Bernat and others - is based upon a series of fallacious arguments. Chief among these is the argument that whole brain-death is the proper criterion for the conservative definition because the brain is the organ that integrates the rest of the organism. A central part of the paper shows that this argument rests upon a confusion between a function and the mechanism that performs it, and replies to the defenses that the Presidential Commission makes on this point. The concluding portion of the paper argues that this issue is not merely of academic interest, but has the potential for undermining the present consensus that supports the use of whole brain-death criteria. PMID- 6512438 TI - Chronic vegetative states: intrinsic value of biological process. AB - A 'naturalistic principle' has been put forth by Rolston, which leads to respect for the irreversibly comatose by virtue of the residual biological (objective) life. By comparing objective and subjective life, he develops a naturalistic principle which he contrasts with the humanistic norm of contemporary medical ethics. He claims there are clinical applications which would necessarily follow. A critique of this viewpoint is presented here, which begins with an analysis of what might be of value in spontaneous objective life. A measure of the moral worth of simple objective life is attempted by means of comparison with our attitudes toward animals. Finally, some of the clinical applications suggested by Rolston are reviewed. Except for euthanasia, there appear to be few clinical situations where the naturalistic principle helps in problem solving. PMID- 6512439 TI - Respect for the dead and dying. AB - Against the thesis that permanently unconscious persons cannot be harmed, and thus are not owed moral deference, it is argued that even the dead can be harmed and are owed moral respect, so a fortiori those dubiously or not quite dead deserve some moral deference. PMID- 6512440 TI - Computerization of a nosocomial infection system. AB - This paper describes the implementation of a computerized nosocomial infection control system for a 500-bed tertiary-care teaching hospital. It is implemented on a minicomputer that uses the relational data base management system INGRES, which is marketed by Relational Technology, Inc. This system, which replaces a manual one that depended on "needle sort" data cards, is designed to provide for entry of infection data that have been collected onto abstracting forms; decision support in the prospective analysis of suspicious infection rates or trends; generation of monthly, on-demand, and annual infection rate reports; retrospective interrogation and analysis of infection data for rates and trends that may explain or clearly indicate the sources of in-hospital (nosocomial) infections; updating of infection records as additional infection-related data become available and known to the hospital's infection control team; and ad hoc analysis and comparisons between data on control and infected patients, both prospectively and retrospectively. PMID- 6512441 TI - Building safe computer-controlled systems. AB - Software safety becomes an issue when life-critical systems are built with computers as important components. In order to make these systems safe, software developers have concentrated on making them ultrareliable. Unfortunately, this will not necessarily make them safe. This paper discusses why reliability enhancement techniques are not adequate to ensure safety and describes what needs to be done to protect life and property in these systems. PMID- 6512442 TI - Analysis, forecasting, and control of three-dimensional tumor growth and treatment. AB - The main point of this contribution is to show how ideas of control theory, automata theory and computer science can be applied to the field of cancer research. We are stressing the modelling of three-dimensional tumor growth and the simulation of different kinds of tumor therapy (surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy). In the future it will be possible to schedule the optimized methods and time of tumor treatment by computer simulation prior to clinical therapy. PMID- 6512443 TI - Computer literacy in today's medical center environment. AB - The need for computer literacy is becoming increasingly important across the broad scope of the American work scene. At the Wilford Hall USAF Medical Center (WHMC) numerous computer systems have been introduced into the operational environment. Training for these systems has been restricted primarily to transaction processing and routine report generation for those actually involved as users of these systems. WHMC has developed and implemented a broad computer literacy program designed generally to raise the computer literacy of the overall staff, and specifically to inform executive and middle management of the general capabilities of the computer systems. The program consists of a brown-bag lunchtime videotape theater on a series of computer-related subjects as well as formal classes developed in a modular format. Each formal class is tailored to the specific needs of the target executive or middle-management group. PMID- 6512444 TI - The epidemiological study on viral diarrhoea in Thailand. PMID- 6512445 TI - The incidence of postoperative deep vein thrombosis in Thais. PMID- 6512446 TI - Acute myocardial infarction: a collaborative study of 1,541 cases from four medical centers in Thailand. PMID- 6512447 TI - Relationship of testicular size and body size in normal Thai adults. PMID- 6512448 TI - Incidence of anemia in leprosy patients treated with dapsone. PMID- 6512449 TI - Aeromonas septicemia with shock in children with thalassemias. PMID- 6512450 TI - Parapharyngeal combined neurilemmoma and hemangioma. PMID- 6512451 TI - Cutaneous sarcoidosis in Thailand: a case report. PMID- 6512452 TI - Maternity care monitoring: a strategy to assess perinatal performance. PMID- 6512453 TI - Rural maternal and child health problems: challenges and prospects. PMID- 6512454 TI - Risk pregnancy screening: a simple method for non physicians to screen the high risk pregnancy. PMID- 6512455 TI - Normal uterine growth curve by measurement of symphysial-fundal height in pregnant women seen at Ramathibodi Hospital. PMID- 6512456 TI - Correlation between first morning sample and twenty four hours urinary estrogen/creatinine ratio. PMID- 6512457 TI - Face presentation in Ramathibodi Hospital: a 12 years study. PMID- 6512458 TI - Standard fetal growth curves for Thailand. PMID- 6512459 TI - Obstetric audit: a 12 years review of obstetric practice in Ramathibodi Hospital 1970-1981. PMID- 6512460 TI - Thailand: breast feeding practice in rural villages in the northeast during 1981 1982. PMID- 6512461 TI - Breast feeding pattern: observation at Ramathibodi Hospital (comparison between 1975 and 1982). PMID- 6512462 TI - Illegally induced abortion: observation at Ramathibodi Hospital. PMID- 6512463 TI - The common gynecologic problems in childhood and puberty. 10 years review at Ramathibodi Hospital. PMID- 6512464 TI - Carcinoma of cervix at Ramathibodi Hospital from cancer registry 1978-1982. PMID- 6512465 TI - Morphine and birth asphyxia. PMID- 6512466 TI - Breech presentation and the newborn hip. PMID- 6512467 TI - The times of passage of the first urine and the first stool by Thai newborn infants. PMID- 6512468 TI - Hepatitis B surface antigen in asymptomatic carrier mothers and vertical transmission of hepatitis B virus. PMID- 6512469 TI - Clinical hepatitis B in infants born to HBs Ag carrier mothers. PMID- 6512470 TI - Spontaneous rupture of subserosal uterine varix of gravid uterus: a case report. PMID- 6512471 TI - An immunoelectron microscopic study of IgA-containing cells in postcapillary venules of mouse Peyer's patches. PMID- 6512472 TI - Electron microscopic studies on oral microbial interactions in plaque formation in vitro associated with Streptococcus mutans. PMID- 6512473 TI - Effect of colchicine on mouse synovioblasts (B-cells). PMID- 6512474 TI - Peroxidase-distribution pattern in rat maturation-ameloblast layer, as revealed by high-resolution scanning electron microscopy. PMID- 6512475 TI - Localization of protein A on the cell surface of Staphylococcus aureus Cowan I and protein A-deficient strains. PMID- 6512476 TI - Interendothelial cytoplasmic bridge of blood sinus in rabbit sinus hair. PMID- 6512477 TI - Supranucleosomal fiber loops of chicken erythrocyte chromatin. PMID- 6512478 TI - Immunisation practice and policy. AB - Immunisation has proved to be a generally safe and effective means of disease control, particularly where environmental approaches are impractical. Recent developments in vaccine production, aimed at selecting or synthesising in pure form the antigens needed to evoke a protective response, give hope of more effective and less toxic vaccines in future. Adequate trials of improved vaccines may, however, be difficult to carry out under modern conditions. Policies for the use of vaccines are sometimes controversial, particularly when there is concern about reactions, as with pertussis vaccine. Acceptance rates for measles and rubella vaccines in the UK have hitherto been disappointingly low and need to be increased if the aims of elimination of measles and congenital rubella are to be achieved. Cost-benefit analyses generally support the use of immunisation in disease control. PMID- 6512479 TI - Women who decline breast screening. AB - The health related behaviour and attitudes of a random sample of 125 women aged 45-64 who declined to accept an invitation to attend a breast screening clinic are described. The women differed from attenders in their socioeconomic class and in their customary use of measures to promote health. They were basically unsympathetic towards the idea of screening and the invitation had caused them considerable anxiety. Policy implications are raised. PMID- 6512481 TI - Stigma in patients with early epilepsy: a national longitudinal study. AB - Forty six cases of epilepsy were identified from the National Survey of Health and Development. An index of social visibility at school was constructed from teachers' reports of survey members' behaviour at 15 years of age. For the sample as a whole this index was significantly associated with poorer educational outcomes, after adjusting for social background and measured attainment, but was not associated with poor occupational achievement. However the index did not differentiate between epileptic and non-epileptic children. Although cases with epilepsy were shown to be more at risk of psychiatric disturbance, it is concluded that their lives were less disrupted than might have been expected, and that there is no evidence from this study that stigma affects the lives of those whose epilepsy was not complicated by other pathologies. PMID- 6512480 TI - Stigma in patients with rectal cancer: a community study. AB - A self-rating measure of stigma and several supplementary questions were devised in order to assess perceived stigma in a community survey of the quality of life in 420 rectal cancer patients, of whom 265 had a permanent colostomy. Half the patients felt stigmatised, higher proportions being observed among younger patients and among those with a colostomy. Feelings of stigma were associated with poor health, particularly emotional disorders, with the presence of other medical problems, and with disablement. Patients who perceived stigma made more use of medical services but were less satisfied with them, particularly with regard to communication with health professionals. Socio-economic factors, such as employment status, higher income, and higher social and housing class, did not protect patients against feeling stigmatised by cancer or by colostomy. Most patients, with or without stigma, enjoyed close relationships with intimates, but the stigmatised were more likely to have withdrawn from participation in social activities. Assessing stigma by self-rating gives information which adds to that obtained by the usual methods of assessing quality of life. PMID- 6512482 TI - The quality of notification of congenital malformations. AB - The United Kingdom Congenital Malformations Notification Scheme began in 1964. It is based on notes added to birth notification forms. In Birmingham, a local scheme based on multiple sources has been run in parallel for the last 20 years. The national notification scheme records malformations noted up to the age of 7 days, whereas the Birmingham scheme collects information up to the age of 5 years. A case by case record linkage of the two registers was carried out. This operation revealed the essential completeness of the multiple-source register but gross defects among notifications. The extent and nature of the deficiencies are described. They include defects of ascertainment of malformed infants and of major additional malformations in those infants who are in fact notified, overnotification of infants without significant malformations, and misclassification of the major malformations that were, in fact, notified. The defects arise partly from the defective design of the national scheme and partly from defective implementation and a lack of designated supervisory responsibilities. The main requirements for a scheme that could indeed be relied upon to meet its monitoring objectives are set out. PMID- 6512483 TI - Old women's self perceptions of dependency and some implications for service provision. AB - Fifty women aged 75 years or older who were living alone were visited to determine their self perception of dependency. There was a wide variety in reported capacity for self care but two patterns are isolated: those who were active initiators with a self perception of independence and passive responders with a perception of dependence. Service providers should take cognisance of the woman's self perception in the effective delivery of services. PMID- 6512485 TI - Caring for the elderly mentally infirm at home: a survey of the supporters. AB - A sample of 129 supporters caring for an elderly mentally infirm relative consecutively referred to psychogeriatric daycare services was interviewed. Information was obtained on the problems encountered by their dependant, the extent of their involvement, the amount of formal and informal support received, the subjective strain and burden reported, and their expectations of their ability to continue in the caring role. An attempt has been made to use this information to describe the extent of strain and some of the determinants of strain involved in caring. The results suggest that the sex of the dependant and the age of the supporter together with the number of problems faced all influence the reported level of strain. The amount of existing community support, whether formal or informal, does not seem to mitigate significantly the strain placed on the principal carers. PMID- 6512484 TI - Referral and survival of patients accepted by a terminal care support team. AB - The first year's work of Bloomsbury terminal care support team has been analysed from routinely recorded information. The patients accepted by the team were of younger average age than all people dying from cancer within the catchment population. The median survival of patients after first contact with the team was 49 days, but survival of patients referred by general practitioners and hospital general physicians was substantially shorter than of those referred by hospital oncologists and radiotherapists. The growing number of district terminal care services suggests the need for continued research to develop guidelines for referral of patients and methods of evaluating the team's work. PMID- 6512486 TI - Declining mortality in the immature: medical or biological effect? AB - A steady and significant decline in the proportions of liveborn infants who died in the first week from problems associated with immaturity occurred among Sheffield babies born between 1947 and 1979. The decline occurred in all three maternity units, regardless of the availability of neonatal care facilities. The rate of decline in the best equipped and best staffed hospital, however, was significantly greater during the 1970s than would have been predicted from the trend in earlier years and in contrast to the other hospitals. This greater decline shows a closer temporal association with a reorganisation of labour wards and nurseries than with the introduction of advanced equipment but also correlates with an increasing abortion rate among women who would be expected to have premature deliveries. Factors responsible for the secular decline have not been identified, but it is postulated that Sheffield's mothers are bearing healthier children as a result of improvements in maternal health which are themselves a consequence of changes during girlhood. PMID- 6512487 TI - A new approach to tuberculosis notification. AB - A tuberculosis notification system was initiated which used several sources--the doctor, the diagnostic services of bacteriology, histopathology and radiology, and the pharmacy. The results of six months' notifications have shown that the pharmacy was by far the most complete source (74% of all new cases); doctors notified only 21% of all new cases. The combination of both doctors and the pharmacy was the most complete pair, notifying 85% of all new cases. It is suggested that consideration should be given to the use of pharmacies as a source of notification both in other settings and for other diseases. PMID- 6512488 TI - Biochemical markers of smoke absorption and self reported exposure to passive smoking. AB - One hundred non-smoking patients attending hospital outpatient clinics reported their degree of passive exposure to tobacco smoke over the preceding three days and provided samples of blood, expired air, saliva, and urine. Although the absolute levels were low, the concentration of cotinine in all body compartments surveyed was systematically related to self reported exposure. Salivary nicotine concentration also showed a linear increase with degree of reported exposure, although this measure was sensitive only to exposure on the day of testing. Measures of carbon monoxide, thiocyanate, and plasma nicotine concentrations were unrelated to exposure. The data indicate that cotinine provides a valid marker of the dose received from passive smoke exposure. The non-invasive samples of urine and saliva are particularly suited to epidemiological investigations. Detailed questionnaire items may also give valuable information. PMID- 6512489 TI - Investigation of a temporal cluster of left sided congenital heart disease. AB - During October and November 1977, eight newborns with critical congenital heart disease, six of these with left sided lesions, were admitted to a New Jersey newborn unit serving two predominantly rural counties with 9700 annual live births. The six left heart lesions (three cases of hypoplastic left heart, two of interrupted aortic arch, and one of aortic coarctation) represented 30% of all neonatal left sided lesions seen at the unit in the three year period 1976-8. The scan statistic for temporal clustering was significant (p less than 0.05). A case control study was performed in which an average of four controls were matched to each case. A questionnaire was administered to the mothers of cases and controls concerning occupation, periconceptional and prenatal nutrition, radiation and chemical exposure, use of alcohol and tobacco, medications, immunisations, infections, and other exposures. No statistically significant differences between cases and controls were found on any of these items. Although no aetiology for this cluster of congenital heart anomalies could be found, it is of interest that three temporal clusters of fetuses or newborns with chromosomal trisomies have been reported in the medical literature whose conceptions were roughly contemporaneous with those of the infants in our series. These occurred in Rhode Island/Massachusetts, Maryland, and New York City. A speculative possibility is that these four point epidemics represented exposure to a common teratogenic agent, perhaps influenza B, in the winter of 1976/77 in the northeastern United States. PMID- 6512490 TI - Consumption of trans acids in relation to heart disease. PMID- 6512491 TI - Generation of coagulation factor V activity by cultured rabbit alveolar macrophages. AB - Alveolar macrophages are cell's important in immune defense and inflammation in the lung, and the coagulation system participates in these reactions. In earlier experiments, it was found that alveolar macrophages contain and produce tissue factor, the extrinsic clotting pathway activator. The present experiments explore possible production by alveolar macrophages of the sequence of the clotting proteins that interact to form thrombin following initiation of coagulation by tissue factor. In studies using alveolar macrophages purified from rabbits, factor V activity was not detected in cell preparations assayed directly after isolation. However, after short-term culture, we found generation and release of factor V activity by these cells, which was predominantly from subpopulations with densities of 1.060-1.068 g/ml, corresponding to intermediate stages of alveolar macrophage maturation. Cell viability and protein synthesis were required for generation of the activity as shown by inhibitory effects of cell lysis before culture and by effects observed after including puromycin in cultures with viable cells. The activity generated was characterized as factor V by demonstrating specific functional requirements in one- and two-stage coagulation tests. There was no detectable generation in these cultures of factors II, VII, X, or the more recently described factor X-independent monocyte/macrophage prothrombinases. Factor V activity generated by alveolar macrophages may contribute to prothrominase assembly, activation of clotting, and fibrin formation within the alveolus. PMID- 6512492 TI - Suppression of antibody responses to topically applied antigens by ultraviolet light irradiation. Induction of phototolerance. AB - C3Hf/HeN or BALB/c mice, exposed to acute ultraviolet (UV) irradiation and skin sensitized through the irradiated skin site with soluble protein antigens, exhibit humoral tolerance to subsequent systemic challenge with antigen. We have termed this phenomenon "phototolerance" (PT). With the doses of UV radiation used, PT induction is restricted to the irradiated skin site and is observed only if sensitization is performed via the cutaneous route. PT is antigen specific and operates at the afferent level of the immune response. While single PT induction regimens result in transient humoral suppression, multiple inductions before each systemic challenge can maintain the response at low levels. The capacity to induce PT to a variety of soluble protein antigens may have potentially important clinical applications. PMID- 6512493 TI - Induction of immunoglobulin gene expression in mouse fibroblasts by cycloheximide treatment. AB - A complete set of a rearranged human gamma 1-heavy chain gene, HIG1, was cloned from human plasma cell leukemia line, ARH-77, and transferred into mouse cells. It was strongly expressed in mouse myeloma cells but not in mouse L cells, indicating that immunoglobulin gene expression is not species-specific but cell specific. However, a remarkable production of human gamma 1 chain was induced in mouse L cells containing HIG1 gene when the cells were treated with cycloheximide for a short period. The role of a labile repressor molecule in the expression of the immunoglobulin gene is proposed. PMID- 6512494 TI - Simultaneous determination of dimethadione and trimethadione by infrared spectrometry: application for mean intracellular pH measurement. AB - A simple infrared-spectrometric method for the simultaneous determination of dimethadione and trimethadione in plasma is described. The method is based on the absorption band of the carbonyl group for trimethadione at the wavenumber of 1740 cm-1 and for dimethadione at the wavenumber of 1770 cm-1. The accuracy and precision of the method are excellent; at a dimethadione and trimethadione concentration of 0.5 mmol X 1(-1) the coefficient of variation for the determination of both compounds is less than 1%, which is better than that for the ultraviolet spectrometric or gas-liquid chromatographic methods. The method can be used for the determination of the ratio trimethadione/dimethadione in the clinical setting as a sensitive check of the patient's adherence to therapy. It can also be used for the determination of dimethadione as an indicator for the mean body intracellular pH. PMID- 6512495 TI - Serum sialic acid in normals and in cancer patients. AB - A simple procedure is described for the detection of sialic acid in serum. After a direct addition of Ehrlich reagent to serum and an incubation at 56 degrees C for eight hours, the resulting mixture is diluted with saline. After centrifugation, the color in the supernatant is determined at 525 nm in a spectrophotometer. Serum sialic acid was significantly greater in cancer patients than in normals. Cancer patients with metastases had significantly greater sialic acid than cancer patients without metastases. In two cancer patients, sialic acid levels returned to normal after surgery. The diagnostic usefulness of 95.6% was similar to that reported with lipid-soluble sialic acid and seemed to be superior to CEA and other tumor antigens associated with a limited spectrum of tumors. However, patients with inflammatory diseases such as arthritis, Crohn's disease and psoriasis also showed elevated sialic acid levels. Ultrafiltration showed that almost all of the sialic acid was retained on an Amicon filter, which suggests that sialic acid was bound to a macromolecule. A quality control serum run 25 times had a coefficient of variation (CV) of 8.4% and the same serum ran on 42 days had a CV of 11.6%. PMID- 6512496 TI - Radioimmunoassay for serum thyroglobulin designed for early detection of metastases and recurrencies in the follow-up of patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma. AB - A radioimmunoassay (RIA) for the measurement of thyroglobulin in human serum was developed and factors that influence sensitivity were investigated. In a comparison of 3 different labeling procedures (chloramine T, iodogen, lactoperoxidase) iodogen-prepared tracer proved to be slightly superior with respect to sensitivity and stability. The shelf life of the tracer was improved by a protein-enriched buffer, which serves as a radical scavenger. The binding kinetics of tracer to antibody at different temperature ranges were examined, and the most rapid and complete binding was found at room temperature. For the preparation of standard curves, several artificial media were compared with thyroglobulin-free serum. Second antibody separation was investigated and optimized. By employing sequential saturation, sensitivity of 0.75 microgram/1 (B0-3 SD) and 50% intercept of less than 5 micrograms/l were achieved. The results of RIA measurements of thyroglobulin in 142 patients with papillary and follicular thyroid carcinoma after thyroidectomy and 131I treatment were compared with 131I whole-body scans. The results confirmed that serum thyroglobulin is an early indicator of recurrency. PMID- 6512497 TI - Evaluation of a new continuous colorimetric method for determination of serum pseudocholinesterase catalytic activity and its application to a centrifugal fast analyser. AB - We report the evaluation of a new commercially available assay system for the determination of serum pseudocholinesterase (EC 3.1.1.8) catalytic activity, and its application to a kinetic analyser. The assay is based on the colorimetric method of Okabe et al. (Clin. Chim. Acta 80, 87-94 (1977]: choline, liberated from benzoylcholine by pseudocholinesterase, is oxidized by choline-oxidase (EC 1.1.3.17) to betaine with the simultaneous production of hydrogen peroxide, which oxidatively couples with 4-aminoantipyrine and phenol in the presence of peroxidase to yield a coloured compound with maximal absorbance at 500 nm. The procedure not only has the advantage of being continuous, colorimetric and totally enzymatic but also appears to be precise (between-day analysis gives coefficient of variation between 3.5 and 5.6%) and accurate; the results obtained from normal and pathological sera show excellent correlation with those obtained by the alternative procedures employing propionylthiocholine, acetylthiocholine and butyrylthiocholine as substrates. PMID- 6512498 TI - The introduction of bromocresol purple for the determination of serum albumin on SMAC and ACA, and the standardization procedure. AB - The bromocresol purple methods for the determination of serum albumin on the Technicon SMAC and the DuPont ACA systems were evaluated and compared with the corresponding bromocresol green methods, a radial immunodiffusion (RID) and an electrophoresis technique. The linearity and precision of the dye binding methods were comparable. The bromocresol purple methods were more influenced by lipaemia and to a lesser extent by high bilirubin concentrations. The specificity of the bromocresol purple methods was superior to that of the bromocresol green methods and showed excellent correlations with the radial immunodiffusion method: bromocresol purple: SMAC = 1.03 (RID) + 0.32; bromocresol purple: ACA = 1.00 (RID) + 1.27. The bromocresol purple methods intercorrelated better than the bromocresol green methods. Freeze-dried sera can be used for albumin standardization. Analysis of the albumin fractions of freeze-dried and liquid sera by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) did not reveal significant differences in albumin polymerization. Purified albumin reacted, irrespective of the degree of polymerization, very differently in the dye-binding methods. The bromocresol purple methods showed an overestimation of purified albumin, the bromocresol green methods an underestimation. The reason for these differences is unclear. Non-human albumin reacted poorly with bromocresol purple in contrast with bromocresol green. PMID- 6512499 TI - [The Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft: Recommendations for the installation of a gas chromatography/mass spectrometry linkage for clinical toxicological laboratories]. PMID- 6512500 TI - Phycomyces: detailed analysis of the anemogeotropic response. AB - Stage IVb sporangiophores of Phycomyces grow into the wind--the anemotropic response--and away from gravity--the geotropic response. A procedure has been designed to measure the equilibrium bend angle that results when the two stimuli are given simultaneously over a long period of time. This angle will be referred to as the anemogeotropic equilibrium angle. This measurement of a sensory response is analogous to the photogeotropic equilibrium angle in which the variable stimulus is light instead of wind. We have found that the anemogeotropic angle, measured relative to the vertical, increases with both increasing wind speed and increasing relative humidity of the wind stimulus. This finding is new and argues against a major prediction of the mass transfer model that anemogeotropism and relative humidity are inversely related. Data from these anemogeotropic experiments further suggest that the self-emitted gas responsible for both the anemotropic response and the avoidance response is water. PMID- 6512502 TI - Genetic exchange between oral streptococci during mixed growth. AB - To determine whether oral streptococci might exchange genetic information in the oral cavity, paired transformable strains of Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sanguis and Streptococcus milleri were growth together. Chromosomal and plasmid borne antibiotic resistance markers could be readily transferred from S. mutans GS-5 to S. milleri NCTC 10707 or S. sanguis Challis during mixed growth. However, no exchange from the latter two organisms to strain GS-5 could be detected under these conditions. The transfer of genetic information from S. sanguis to S. milleri was also observed. PMID- 6512503 TI - Evidence for the presence of a capsule in Vibrio vulnificus. AB - Vibrio vulnificus strain FCC, isolated from a patient with a wound infection, and reference strain ATCC 27562, were examined by electron microscopy for the presence of capsules. Both strains had a layer heavily stained with ruthenium red. The number of stained cells was high in strain FCC and low in strain ATCC 27562. The proportion of stained cells correlated with virulence against mice and with susceptibility to the bactericidal activity of normal human serum. Rapid freezing and substitution fixation, a mild method, revealed on the cell surface a fibrous layer of relatively low electron density, which we considered to represent a capsule. PMID- 6512501 TI - Wavelength dependence of dark adaptation in Phycomyces phototropism. AB - The wavelength dependence of phototropic dark adaptation in Phycomyces was studied between 347 and 545 nm. Dark adaptation kinetics were measured for wavelengths of 383, 409, 477, and 507 nm in the intensity range from 6.2 X 10(-2) to 2 X 10(-7) W X m-2. At these wavelengths, dark adaptation follows a biexponential decay as found previously with broadband blue light (Russo, V. E. A., and P. Galland, 1980, Struct. Bonding., 41:71; Lipson, E. D., and S. M. Block, 1983, J. Gen. Physiol., 81:845). We have found that the time constants of the fast and slow components depend critically on the wavelength. At 507 nm, dark adaptation kinetics were found to be monophasic. The phototropic latency after a step down by a factor of 500 was measured for 19 different wavelengths. Maximal latencies were found at 383, 477, and 530 nm; minimal latencies were found at 409 and 507 nm. With irradiation programs that employ different wavelengths before and after the step down, the dark adaptation kinetics depend critically on the sequence in which the two wavelengths are given. We have found too that not only do the adaptation kinetics vary with wavelength, but so also do the phototropic bending rate and the phototropic latencies in experiments without intensity change. The results imply that more than one photoreceptor is mediating phototropism in Phycomyces and that sensory adaptation is regulated by these photoreceptors. PMID- 6512504 TI - Comparison of in vitro growth characteristics of ten isolates of infectious haematopoietic necrosis virus. AB - Ten isolates of infectious haematopoietic necrosis from salmonid fishes of different locations on the West Coast of North America from California to Alaska were compared by plaque size, single-step growth curves at 15 and 18 degrees C, rate of appearance of cytopathic effects in cell cultures, and growth over a range of temperatures. All isolates were distinguishable on the basis of each growth characteristic examined. The CO isolate from the Sacramento River drainage of California was the most singular of the 10 because of its diminutive plaque size and sensitivity to slightly elevated temperatures. The mean plaque diameter of the 10 isolates increased as the latitude of the geographic source of the isolate increased. Although the maximum titre obtained by all isolates was depressed at temperatures above approximately 18 degrees C, half of the isolates were not inhibited by temperatures as low as 0.5 degree C. PMID- 6512505 TI - Oncogenic retrovirus from spontaneous murine osteomas. I. Isolation and biological characterization. AB - Spontaneous osteomas in strain 101 mice, a strain which has a high incidence of benign bone tumours, harbour numerous C-type virus-like particles with pleomorphic characteristics. A cell-free extract from osteomas from two mice induced bone tumours, together with osteopetrosis and lymphomas, in newborn mice of the low incidence NMRI strain after a latent period of 12 to 15 months. When C3H embryo fibroblasts were infected with the osteoma extract, the resulting cell line produced virus (OA MuLVC) with a high titre. OA MuLVC was cloned by serial endpoint dilution and NIH 3T3 cells were productively infected. The resulting virus was named OA MuLVN. OA MuLVC and OA MuLVN also induced bone tumours, osteopetrosis and lymphomas 12 to 15 months after injection into newborn NMRI mice. The isolated virus showed typical characteristics of the murine retrovirus group. Fv-1 host range restriction assays classified the viruses as N-ecotropic and XC-positive. Tryptic p30 peptide analysis and RNase T1 fingerprint analysis of OA MuLVC and OA MuLVN indicated that OA MuLVC contains an Akv-like virus as well as additional components, whereas OA MuLVN is closely related to Akv, but not identical to it. Serological analysis of the envelope proteins using monoclonal antibodies also showed the virus to be similar, but not identical, to Akv virus. PMID- 6512506 TI - Defective interfering particles of Semliki Forest virus are smaller than particles of standard virus. AB - By electron microscopy, particles of defective interfering Semliki Forest virus (DI SFV) had a mean diameter of 46.8 nm compared with 55.9 nm for standard virus particles, a decrease of 16%. The difference was confirmed by measurements of the two-dimensional projected areas of DI and standard virus particles. We examined nine different DI virus preparations produced by four to 13 undiluted passages in BHK cells and all were found to contain a majority of the smaller type of particle. Calculation of the absolute number of small particles showed that there were 130 particles per interfering unit measured by the inhibition of virus RNA synthesis. However, a more sensitive assay based on interference with virus protein synthesis gave a particle: interference ratio of 6.5. PMID- 6512507 TI - A comparison of the neutralizing properties of monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies to human interferon alpha. AB - Specific polyclonal antisera to human interferon-alpha 1 (HuIFN-alpha 1), human interferon-alpha 2 (HuIFN-alpha 2) and human lymphoblastoid interferon (HuIFN alpha Ly Namalwa) have been raised in rabbits and sheep. The antisera raised against HuIFN-alpha 1 and HuIFN-alpha 2 strongly neutralized the antiviral activity of their homologous IFN-alpha subtypes, but were less active against the heterologous IFN-alpha subtypes and preparations containing mixtures of IFN-alpha subtypes, e.g. human leukocyte interferon (HuIFN-alpha Le). Antisera raised against HuIFN-alpha Ly Namalwa strongly neutralized the antiviral activity of all IFN-alpha-containing preparations and showed weak cross-reactivity with human interferon-beta (HuIFN-beta). Neither anti-HuIFN-alpha 1 nor anti-HuIFN-alpha 2 could be demonstrated to neutralize the antiviral activity of HuIFN-beta. A number of monoclonal antibodies to HuIFN-alpha 2 have been prepared and these were found to neutralize HuIFN-alpha 2 antiviral activity to varying degrees, but not to neutralize the heterologous subtype HuIFN-alpha 1, preparations containing mixtures of IFN-alpha subtypes or HuIFN-beta. PMID- 6512508 TI - Effect of environmental factors on aerosol-induced Lassa virus infection. AB - Previous studies suggested that the most frequent means of transmission of Lassa virus was by either direct or indirect contact with infectious material. Aerosol stability and respiratory infectivity of the Josiah strain of Lassa virus were assessed to determine the effect of environmental factors on aerosol-induced infection. The stability of the virus in aerosol, particularly at low relative humidity (30% RH), plus the ability of the virus to infect guinea pigs and monkeys via the respiratory route emphasize the potential for aerosol transmission of Lassa virus. Biological half-lives at both 24 and 32 degrees C ranged from 10.1 to 54.6 min, and were sufficient for aerosol dispersion of virus to considerable distances in natural situations. Infectivity of Lassa virus in small particle aerosol was demonstrated in outbred guinea pigs and cynomolgus monkeys using dynamic aerosol equipment. Monkeys exposed to inhaled doses to 465 PFU were infected and died. The median infectious dose (ID50) for guinea pigs was 15 PFU, yet a definitive median lethal aerosol dose (LD50) could not be established. Organ tropism of aerosol-induced Lassa virus infections in outbred guinea pigs was similar to that previously reported for inbred guinea pigs infected by subcutaneous inoculation. PMID- 6512510 TI - The relationship of spatial concept development to the acquisition of locative understanding. AB - A cross-sectional study of children in the preoperational period was conducted to investigate the potential constraints of spatial concept development on children's understanding of spatial prepositions. A battery of Piagetian tasks and a locative comprehension measure were administered to 60 children, ranging in age from 2 to 7 years. In general, children were functioning in Stage II on the Piagetian spatial tasks before they comprehended the prepositions, in front of and behind, in terms of their own perspective using nonfronted objects. The findings also indicated that the children were functioning in Stage III--i.e., they had projective/Euclidean understanding--before they could comprehend in front of and behind when these terms involved projective/Euclidean spatial notions. The majority of children accounted for the front/back features of the object in placing an object in front of or behind a fronted object. The results suggest that as the child's conception of space changes, his comprehension of spatial prepositions also changes. PMID- 6512509 TI - Cellular immune response to infection with respiratory syncytial virus and influence of breast-feeding on the response. AB - Virus-specific lymphocyte transformation (LTF) activity in vitro was examined in 78 infants with various forms of illness due to respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection. In 73 subjects with lower respiratory tract disease, significant LTF activity was often detected within one week after onset of initial symptoms, and responses characteristic for each clinical form were observed in the subsequent rise. Thus, mean activity in subjects with tracheobronchitis increased gradually, with the maximum response being detected at the fourth week after the onset of illness. In subjects with pneumonia the response was rather low during the first week of illness, and then a sharp increase of activity was observed at the second week. Although patients with bronchiolitis elicited similar levels of the activity until the first week, the response was significantly suppressed during the subsequent two weeks. The response at the second week in this group was significantly lower than those of corresponding specimens obtained from patients with pneumonia (p less than 0.01) or tracheobronchitis (p less than 0.05), suggesting a close association of the responsiveness with underlying mechanisms of bronchiolitis induced by RSV. The present study further indicated a possibility that breast-feeding of RSV-infected infants may alter levels of the LTF activity in these subjects. PMID- 6512511 TI - The development of time concepts among advantaged and disadvantaged Israeli children. AB - The development of the concept of time in third, fifth, and seventh graders of two Israeli social groups--advantaged Westerners (n = 144) and disadvantaged Easterners (n = 120)--was compared. Contrary to expectations, no difference in performance was found between the social groups throughout the entire age range. In both groups performance, while far from reaching perfection, increased with age. In addition, disparity between our findings and those of Siegler and Richards cast doubts on the generalizability of the rules they extracted through the rule-assessment method. PMID- 6512512 TI - Visual-motor processing: relationships among age, dimensional variation, and the use of information redundancy. AB - This study examined the hypothesis that age-related superiority in the ability to process complex stimuli was linked with age differences in the use of information redundancy. Seventy-two children (6-9 years of age) solved a series of puzzles that varied in complexity and redundancy. Significant correlations between age and completion times were found only for those puzzles that included some degree of information redundancy. Completion times on multidimensional puzzles that lacked redundancy were not significantly age related. PMID- 6512513 TI - Curiosity and demographic factors as determinants of children's probability learning strategies. AB - Children's curiosity, gender, activity level, and socioeconomic status (SES) were related to their performance on a partially reinforced discrimination-learning task. The 38 boys and 37 girls were in the first grade and were all white. Three factors of curiosity (manipulatory, conceptual, and about the complex) were assessed. Performance on the learning task was scored for the number of correct responses (maximizing) and for the frequency of three-step sequences reflecting variability, systematic patterning, and perseveration. In general, the three curiosity factors related negatively to maximizing and perseveration and positively to variability. (The same effects were found for activity level.) Systematic patterning related positively to one curiosity type and negatively to another. Girls used less maximizing and more systematic patterning than boys. The response choices of girls were affected more by differences in conceptual curiosity and those of boys by differences in curiosity about the complex. Activity level was unrelated to gender but differed with SES. The findings demonstrate the role of different curiosity factors in shaping response sequences and suggest some reasons for children's choice of probability-learning strategies. PMID- 6512514 TI - The role of detail information in the recognition of complex pictorial stimuli. AB - The present research investigated the relation between detail encoding and the facilition of picture recognition which results from the presentation of a cue to give additional processing to one of several study stimuli. With college students of both sexes as Ss (86 in Experiment 1; 64 in Experiment 2), overall recognition performance was found to be positively related with the ability of Ss to specify a "remembered" detail from the test stimulus. However, the improvement in retention associated with the presentation of an attentional cue was not affected by whether Ss could identify a detail. Furthermore, in the second experiment the magnitude of the attentional cuing effect was not diminished even under conditions which should have limited the ability of Ss to process specific detail information: namely, the performance of a concurrent verbal task during the presentation of the pictorial study stimuli. The results indicate that identification and rehearsal of detail information does not underlie the facilitation of recognition performance obtained when Ss are instructed to give additional processing effort to a specific pictorial stimulus. PMID- 6512515 TI - Information processing in near peripheral vision. AB - The present study required that Ss name briefly exposed single lower-case letters that were presented at a total of 24 locations (8 meridians X 3 retinal eccentricities, 0.5 degrees, 2.75 degrees, and 5.0 degrees from a central fixation point, 0 degrees). One group of 12 Ss received a set size (load) of 2 letters, and another group of 12 Ss received a set size (load) of 24 letters. Ss given the larger load were significantly less accurate and significantly slower (longer vocal latencies) in naming the letters. In addition, significant main effects of retinal eccentricity and meridian were found. Ss performed more poorly as the stimuli were presented more eccentrically. Also, performance tended to be somewhat poorer above and below the fixation point than it did left or right of fixation. There was also some tendency toward a right visual field superiority. Unlike an earlier study, there was little evidence in favor of a "tunnel vision" interpretation, which would have required an interaction of load X retinal eccentricity. Possible reasons for the different results from the two studies are discussed in terms of a levels-of-processing interpretation. PMID- 6512516 TI - Taxonomic abstraction in psychobiology. AB - If a body of knowledge in a scientific discipline is to be extended beyond empirical observation and into the realm of laws and principles, one of the fundamental requirements is a taxonomy which supports the systematic integration of observations. Psychobiology benefits from taxonomies provided by biology and chemistry, which include not only object oriented taxonomies such as species or chemical elements, but also process oriented taxonomies, such as oxidation, metabolism, phototaxis, or predation. Psychobiology has yet to provide equivalent taxonomies for its behavioral observations, although the common use of terms such as fear, anger, arousal, stress, and memory might lead one to suppose that these are based on a well established taxonomy of behavioral measures. In this report the logical and quantitative requirements for treating behavioral measures in terms of taxonomic classes are reviewed. A sample of studies representing recent research in psychobiology was examined to assess interest in such a taxonomy and to identify elements of current practice which might contribute to its development. Recent practice displays some evidence of interest in behavioral classes, in choice of language, and in frequent use of multiple dependent measures. Multivariate methods, which might elicit from such data evidence contributing to the development of a taxonomy, are rarely used. Recommendations are given on some appropriate analytic methods for data resulting from current practice and for new exploratory paradigms which could aim directly at the establishment of taxonomic classes for behaviors. PMID- 6512517 TI - Task and size effects in the Oppel-Kundt and Irradiation illusions. AB - The present study examined the effects of type of task and stimulus size on two well-known illusions of perceived size: the Oppel-Kundt illusion and the Irradiation illusion. In Experiment 1, a forced-choice task, in which 87 male and female college observers chose the "longer" of two side-by-side stimuli, was used to determine the relative perceived size of stimuli of different length that were all white, all black, or white with various numbers of black stripes. In Experiment 2, an absolute judgment task, in which 73 male and female college observers reported their direct estimate of a single target's length, was used for the same determinations. For both kinds of perceptual judgment, the Oppel Kundt illusion is strongly in evidence (p less than .001), but the magnitude of the illusion does not increase proportionally with the size of the stimuli. The Irradiation illusion is only found with the forced-choice judgments in Experiment 1. Implications for the generalizability of these illusions to nonlaboratory settings are noted. PMID- 6512518 TI - Spatial cognition: systematic distortions in cognitive maps. AB - Stevens and Coupe demonstrated that people tend to regularize their cognitive maps by distorting the position of relatively small features (e.g., cities) to make them conform with the position of larger features (e.g., state boundaries). The present studies replicated those of Stevens and Coupe by asking college students to study prototypical maps with three kinds of boundaries: none, straight, and curved. They extended Stevens and Coupe's work by asking students to (a) physically reproduce the maps rather than simply answer questions about them, (b) recall the information not only immediately after study, but also one hour later and again two days later, and (c) reproduce the state boundaries as well as the city locations. Students who studied the curved boundary maps made more distortion errors than those who studied the straight boundary and the no boundary maps. In addition, students' distortion errors were greatest when recall was delayed, and distortion errors in the recall of state boundaries were correlated with their distortion errors in the recall of city locations. In general, the findings provide additional evidence for the notion that memory for map information is schematic. PMID- 6512519 TI - Sequel to a cervical disk. PMID- 6512520 TI - The future of medicine. PMID- 6512521 TI - A seven-year survey of transfusion reactions in a large municipal hospital. PMID- 6512522 TI - Blastomycosis and the adult respiratory distress syndrome. PMID- 6512523 TI - Successful treatment of acute non-lymphoblastic leukemia in a state-supported hospital. PMID- 6512524 TI - The sputum gram stain. PMID- 6512525 TI - EKG of the month. Marked left axis deviation; complete right bundle branch block; anteroseptal myocardial infarction, age undetermined. PMID- 6512527 TI - Neurophysiological aids in diagnosis evaluation and prognosis. PMID- 6512526 TI - Peritoneal dialysis in renal failure associated with spinal cord injury. AB - Nine patients with chronic renal failure associated with long-standing spinal cord injury were treated with peritoneal dialysis for periods ranging from 3 days to 12 months. Indwelling peritoneal catheters and automated peritoneal dialysis machines were used in the majority of cases. The procedure was generally used as an interim measure while awaiting placement or maturation of the blood access for hemodialysis. Several patients, however, underwent peritoneal dialysis for prolonged periods, including a patient who was on home-peritoneal dialysis for 12 months. The main complications resulting from 653 patient-day treatments consisted of six bouts of peritonitis and a single case of bowel perforation. Azotemia, fluid electrolytes and acid-base status were satisfactorily controlled with peritoneal dialysis. The results were comparable with those obtained during hemodialysis. Peritoneal dialysis, therefore, appears to be a reasonable alternative to hemodialysis in the management of chronic renal failure in spinal cord injured patients. PMID- 6512528 TI - Drinking and spinal cord injury. AB - One hundred thirty-seven (137) spinal cord injury (SCI) patients (average age 50, duration of paralysis 17 years) were interviewed to determine the incidence and course of alcohol consumption and causes of remission. One hundred and one (101) patients, 74 percent of the sample, had consumed an average of six drinks a day (range 1-40) for an average of 23 years (range 5-47). Ninety-two (92) of these patients were habitual drinkers prior to SCI (39 were drinking the day of injury) and seven became drinkers after injury. Remissions occurred in 45 patients (33 abstaining, 12 with significant reduction) who had averaged seven drinks a day (range 1-25) for 18 years (range 2-44). Remissions were uninterrupted and averaged 9 years (range 1-27). Remission occurred in 18 patients during the first year of paralysis and, subsequently, at an average rate of one patient per year. The most common reasons given for remissions were general health considerations (10), compounding of the disabilities of myelopathy (9), loss of taste for liquor (9), and development of medical complications (7). While alcohol consumption is common prior to SCI, it is reversible after SCI, and additional therapeutic intervention, guided by known reasons for remissions, may be effective. PMID- 6512529 TI - Osteomyelitis in spinal cord injured people. AB - Prospective evaluation of 285 spinal cord injured patients at the Houston VAMC over a consecutive 44-month period identified 60 cases of osteomyelitis: 41 cases of infected bone beneath pressure sores, 8 bone infections around the site of insertion of metal fixation devices, 5 cases of vertebral osteomyelitis, and 6 other causes and types of bone infection. As reported before, significant problems with the lack of specificity of roentgenograms, bone scans, and gallium scans were encountered; over half the patients without osteomyelitis on bone biopsy (with multiple biopsy specimens) had abnormalities in at least one of these studies suggestive of osteomyelitis. Bone biopsy was usually necessary to confirm the diagnosis of bone infection and isolate the causative micro organisms. More patients than previously reported seem to have been cured with topical care and appropriate systemic antimicrobial therapy. If preventive care fails, early diagnosis and antimicrobial therapy seem to improve the cure rate and prevent chronicity of osteomyelitis in this patient group. PMID- 6512530 TI - Hematologic data of selenium-deficient and selenium-supplemented rats. AB - Effect of dietary selenium as sodium selenite on in vivo hematological parameters of Sprague-Dawley rats was examined over a 7-month period. Dietary selenium did not alter total hemoglobin, hematocrits, erythrocyte counts, or the osmotic fragility pattern of rat blood. Selenium-excessive (1.0 ppm) rats showed slightly lower but not significantly lower methemoglobin levels than selenium-adequate (0.1 ppm) or selenium-deficient rats. Platelet counts tended to be higher in selenium-excessive rats and lower in selenium-deficient rats than in selenium adequate rats, but the differences were not statistically significant. No clear trends were observed regarding the effect of dietary selenium on total leukocyte and differential leukocyte counts. After 7 months of dietary treatment blood glutathione peroxidase activity in selenium-deficient rats and in selenium excessive rats was 16.8% and 142.2% of the activity in selenium-adequate rats. The results indicate that long-term selenium deficiency in rats produces no abnormal hematological parameters or any compensated hemolytic anemia in vivo. PMID- 6512531 TI - Diphenylamine, an antihyperglycemic agent from onion and tea. AB - Diphenylamine has been isolated as one of the active antihyperglycemic agents of onion. It was identified by ir, uv, cmr, pmr, and mass spectra. It attained the highest percentage in mature onion bulbs; other onion organs contained diphenylamine in lower percentages. Green and black teas were found to contain relatively high percentages of diphenylamine, being higher in the former. Cooking was found to decrease the diphenylamine content. PMID- 6512532 TI - Antineoplastic agents, 99. Amaryllis belladonna. AB - Amaryllis belladonna bulbs were examined for constituents inhibitory against the murine P-388 lymphocytic leukemia (PS system). Two in vitro active alkaloids, acetylcaranine (2; 9PS ED50 0.23 microgram/ml) and ambelline (3; 9PS ED50 1.6 micrograms/ml), were isolated accompanied by undulatine. However, the non-chiral anhydrolycorinium chloride (5) was found to be the principal antineoplastic (3 PS, 64-69% life extension at dose levels 10 to 20 mg/kg in vivo, ED50 1.4 micrograms/ml in vitro) component. Quaternary chloride 5 has not been located previously among plant or animal biosynthetic products. PMID- 6512533 TI - Flavonol glycosides from Dryas octopetala. AB - Six flavonol glycosides and ent-epicatechin were isolated from Dryas octopetala and their structures elucidated by chemical and spectroscopic methods. Two new flavonoids, 3-O-alpha-L-arabinofuranosyl-8-methoxyquercetin (2) and 3-O-beta galactopyranosyl-8-methoxykaempferol (6), were identified along with 3-O-beta-D galactopyranosylquercetin (hyperin) (3), 3-O-alpha-L-arabinofuranosylquercetin (avicularin) (5), 3-O-beta-L-arabinopyranosylquercetin (4), and 3-O-beta-D galactopyranosyl-8-methoxyquercetin (1). PMID- 6512535 TI - Biotransformation of olivetol by Syncephalastrum racemosum. AB - A study of the biotransformation of olivetol by Syncephalastrum racemosum ATCC 18192 has led to the isolation of three metabolites, which were identified as 4' hydroxy-olivetol, 3-(3,5-dihydroxyphenyl)-1-propanol, and 3-(3,5-dihydroxyphenyl) 1-propanoic acid. The structures of the isolated metabolites were deduced by comparison of their spectral properties (pmr, cmr, ms) with those of olivetol. The absolute configuration of 4'-hydroxy-olivetol was determined to be R by the Horeau partial resolution method. Biotransformation of olivetol therefore appears to occur by a subterminal oxidation process. PMID- 6512534 TI - Antibacterial constituents of the diatom Navicula delognei. AB - The novel ester (E)-phytol (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-eicosapentaenoate++ + (1); (6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z)-hexadecatetraenoic acid; (6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z)-octadecatetraenoic acid; and (6Z,9Z,12Z)-hexadecatrienoic acid isolated from the diatom Navicula delognei f. elliptica, show significant antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Salmonella typhimurium, and Proteus vulgaris. beta-Carotene, alpha-cryptoxanthin, fucoxanthin, lutein, trans-phytol, and plastoquinone-9 were also isolated from this diatom. PMID- 6512536 TI - Identification of new cactus alkaloids in Backebergia militaris by tandem mass spectrometry. AB - Tandem mass spectrometry, applied to simple extracts of Backebergia militaris, indicated the presence of a number of new alkaloids, including fully aromatic oxygenated isoquinolines, their di- and tetra-hydro analogs, and beta phenethylamines. These conclusions were supported by separation using radial tlc and comparison with authentic compounds. Traces of seven alkaloids new to this cactus species were identified; four (3,4,8,11) were known previously from other cacti. Three novel cactus alkaloids were identified and confirmed by synthesis as 7,8-dimethoxy-3,4-dihydroisoquinoline (12, dehydrolemaireocereine), 6,7 dimethoxyisoquinoline (13, backebergine), and 7,8-dimethoxyisoquinoline (14, isobackebergine). The last two compounds are the first simple, fully aromatic, isoquinoline alkaloids to be reported from the Cactaceae. The sensitivity of this approach to new alkaloid discovery is emphasized; the entire project consumed only 10 g of dried plant material. PMID- 6512538 TI - Lariciresinol derivatives from Turrea nilotica and Monechma ciliatum. PMID- 6512537 TI - Antitumor alkaloids in callus cultures of Ochrosia elliptica. PMID- 6512539 TI - Microbiological transformation of quinidine. PMID- 6512540 TI - A new antibiotic from the marine bryozoan Flustra foliaceae. PMID- 6512541 TI - Isolation of apparicine from the leaves of Ervatamia coronaria. PMID- 6512543 TI - The volatile constituents of the roots of Selinum tenuifolium. PMID- 6512542 TI - 6-Methoxylated and C-glycosyl flavonoids from Centaurea species. PMID- 6512544 TI - Constituents of the essential oil of Blepharocalyx tweediei. PMID- 6512545 TI - Essential oils of some Amazonian zingiberaceae, 3. Genera Alpinia and Rengalmia. PMID- 6512547 TI - Damage to the innervation of the voluntary anal and periurethral sphincter musculature in incontinence: an electrophysiological study. AB - In 40 women with idiopathic (neurogenic) faecal incontinence, 20 of whom also had stress urinary incontinence, single fibre EMG studies showed an increased fibre density in the external anal sphincter muscle. All these patients showed excessive descent of the pelvic floor on straining. The mean terminal motor latencies in the pudendal and perineal nerves, measured by a digitally-directed intrarectal stimulating technique, were increased when compared with 20 control subjects (p less than 0.01). The perineal nerve terminal motor latency was more markedly increased in the 20 patients with double incontinence than in those with faecal incontinence alone (p less than 0.01). These results provide direct electrophysiological evidence of damage to the innervation of the pelvic floor musculature in idiopathic faecal and double incontinence, and imply that idiopathic stress urinary incontinence may have a similar cause. PMID- 6512546 TI - New constituents of Prunus africana bark extract. PMID- 6512548 TI - Prognosis of chronic epilepsy with complex partial seizures. AB - Clinical features associated with a successful or unsuccessful response to high dose antiepileptic drug therapy were evaluated prospectively in 82 patients with chronic complex partial seizures. Complete seizure control was observed during high dose drug therapy in 18 patients at plasma concentrations of either 9-35 micrograms/ml phenytoin, 32 and 40 micrograms/ml phenobarbitone, 8 micrograms/ml carbamazepine, or a combination of 25 micrograms/ml phenobarbitone and 4 micrograms/ml carbamazepine. Patients who became free of seizures had a markedly lower number of three seizures (range: 1-29) in the year before the high dose treatment as compared to 40 seizures (range: 3-328) in patients with an increased or unchanged seizure frequency (p less than 0.0001). Complex partial seizures without automatism were found only in patients with complete seizure control (22%). Patients whose seizures remained uncontrolled more frequently gave a history of severe depression or psychotic episodes, clusters of complex partial seizures, two or more seizures per day, and an aura preceding the attack. The results suggest that taking a careful history will uncover clinical features associated with a successful or unsuccessful response to high dose antiepileptic drug therapy in an epileptic out-patient with chronic complex partial seizures. PMID- 6512549 TI - Dentato-rubro-pallido-luysian atrophy: a clinico-pathological study. AB - Clinical and neuropathological descriptions are given of four cases of an uncommon disease, characterised by simultaneous degeneration of the dentato rubral and pallido-luysian systems. These four are compared with sixteen previously described cases, and the group as a whole is compared and contrasted with other multisystem degenerations, such as olivo-ponto-cerebellar atrophy and Friedreich's ataxia. A pathological feature described here for the first time is degeneration of the fastigio-vestibular system. Clinically, there are three main types of the disease; (1) an ataxo-choreoathetoid type, (2) a pseudo-Huntington type, and (3) a myoclonic-epileptic type. There are familial cases of types 2 and 3. Oculomotor disturbances, associated with atrophy of the brainstem tegmentum, are observed in cases of types 1 and 3. PMID- 6512550 TI - Patients with Parkinson's disease can employ a predictive motor strategy. AB - We have tested the hypothesis that predictive motor behaviour is abnormal in Parkinson's disease. In the first experiment elbow movements were performed to track a moving spot on an oscilloscope screen. The performance of 12 patients with Parkinson's disease and eight age-matched control subjects was measured when tracking a repeated pattern under two conditions. In the first condition subjects were not aware of the repetitive nature of the tracking task whilst in the second condition they were. For both groups tracking error and tracking lag were less when aware of the repetition. In the second experiment wrist movements were studied. Five age-matched controls were compared with five patients, studied on and off drugs. In this experiment the performance tracking a repeated pattern was compared to that tracking unpredictable patterns. Tracking lags were reduced to very low values (less than 20 ms) in response to the repeated pattern for both groups. This was true even when the patients were relatively immobile off drugs. We conclude that patients with Parkinson's disease are capable of predictive motor behaviour although such a strategy does not always confer as great an advantage in reducing tracking error in patients compared with control subjects. PMID- 6512552 TI - Examining the relationship between computed tomography and neuropsychological measures in normal and demented elderly. AB - Correlational analysis of CT and neuropsychological measures in patients with dementia revealed more predictive relationships in degenerative and vascular subgroups that in a multi-aetiology group. Normal and dementia patients were then matched for age, sex and educational background, and analysed together. The ventricular/brain ratios of the bodies of the lateral ventricles and of the third ventricle correlated most highly with neuropsychologic performance. Canonical analysis revealed a correlation coefficient of 0.725 between the sets of CT and neuropsychological measures, which increased to 0.78 when a degenerative subgroup only was considered. Discriminant function analysis indicated that the combination of CT and neuropsychological measures was more powerful in discriminating normals from dementia patients than CT or neuropsychological measures alone. PMID- 6512551 TI - Quantifying cortical atrophy. AB - Most of the methods of quantifying cortical atrophy that have been proposed involve the estimation of the volume of enlarged sulci in the cerebral cortex. The authors propose that the surface area of the sulci is a more valid measure of cortical atrophy, and describe a system for measuring the surface area of the cortex, and present data in support of the method's reliability and validity. PMID- 6512553 TI - Measurement of reaction time following minor head injury. AB - A four-choice reaction time test was carried out on 45 minor head injury cases, 24 hours after the injury and 6 weeks later. Twenty-eight subjects were re-tested after a six month interval. Reaction time measures were also obtained in a matched, general practice control group. The concussion cases displayed significantly poorer performances than the matched controls in four measures, at day 0 and at 6 weeks. The patients also showed serial improvement in these measures up to six months after the injury, when their scores excelled those of the matched controls. PMID- 6512554 TI - Alcoholic vagal neuropathy: recovery following prolonged abstinence. AB - Cardiac vagal reflexes were studied in 11 alcoholic subjects, 1 to 6 weeks after withdrawal and again after up to 27 months of continued abstinence. On initial investigation six subjects had vagal neuropathy. On the second occasion only two subjects had vagal neuropathy and significant improvement was seen in the total patient group with regard to heart rate responses to standing, Valsalva's manoeuvre and atropine infusion. Vagal neuropathy in alcoholics may be reversible with abstinence and/or improved nutrition. PMID- 6512555 TI - Conservative treatment of delayed cerebral radiation necrosis. AB - A 63-year-old man developed delayed cerebral radiation necrosis following radiotherapy to a nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Complete resolution of his neurological deficit resulted from corticosteroid therapy alone. Serial CT scans showed the disappearance of the patients' mass lesion. The literature on cerebral necrosis following radiotherapy of extracranial neoplasms is reviewed with particular emphasis on management. PMID- 6512557 TI - Vidarabine encephalopathy. AB - Vidarabine (adenine arabinoside, ara-a) has been found to be useful in the treatment of various viral infections. Its adverse neurological effects include tremor and encephalopathy. Two cases of vidarabine encephalopathy are reported and the five other cases in the literature are reviewed. The clinical features of the tremor and encephalopathy are discussed. PMID- 6512558 TI - Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome with bilateral facial nerve palsies. PMID- 6512556 TI - Chondroblastoma of the skull. AB - A case of chondroblastoma of the temporal bone is reported, and the pathology of the lesion outlined. The rarity of these neoplasms in the skull makes accurate prognosis impossible. PMID- 6512559 TI - Myelopathy secondary to metastatic carcinoid tumour. PMID- 6512560 TI - Cervical mobility in the production of spondylotic myelopathy. PMID- 6512561 TI - Leukocyte interferon as a possible biological response modifier in lymphoproliferative disorders resistant to standard therapy. AB - In vitro and in vivo studies utilizing a combination of leukocyte interferon alpha (IFN) and chlorambucil (CLB) were done to investigate possible synergism between a biological response modifier and a chemotherapy drug. In vitro studies utilized a human myeloid leukemia cell line (K-562) pretreated with IFN and then exposed to CLB. The combination resulted in significant depression of cell growth compared with use of IFN or CLB alone. In vivo studies involved eight heavily pretreated patients given 6 million units IFN for 5 days followed by oral CLB (16 mg/m2) for 5 days repeated every 4 weeks. Three myeloma patients had reduction in immunoglobulins and experienced clinical responses. Three of four patients with Hodgkin's disease responded after relatively short periods of treatment. One patient with a diffuse lymphocytic lymphoma had a complete unmaintained remission lasting 6 months. Toxicity was minimal, with mild fever, nausea, and vomiting. These preliminary studies suggest that IFN may be a biological response modifier when used in combination with a cytotoxic agent. PMID- 6512562 TI - Phase I study of intravenous mycobacterial cell wall skeleton and trehalose dimycolate attached to oil droplets. AB - The toxic, clinical, and immunological effects of suspensions of mycobacterial cell wall skeleton (CWS) and trehalose dimycolate (TDM) attached to oil droplets and given intravenously in doses of 100-2,000 micrograms/m2 (CWS) every 1 or 2 weeks was investigated in this Phase I study. The major limiting side effects were fever and chills at a dose of 2 mg/m2 body surface area. There was no significant hematopoietic, renal, hepatic, or pulmonary toxicity. Evaluation of changes in the white cell count and lymphocyte and monocyte populations and function showed an increase in the white blood count, an increase in the number of T cells, and a decrease in blood monocytes. Measurements of lymphocyte blastogenesis, monocyte suppressor activity, and monocyte cytostasis showed no consistent changes. Intravenous therapy with oil/CWS/TDM was associated with complete regression of a bronchial squamous cell carcinoma in one of three patients receiving 2 mg/m2 weekly. Subsequent Phase II studies can be conducted at a weekly dose of 1-2 mg/m2. PMID- 6512563 TI - Soluble polyglycans enhance recovery from cobalt-60--induced hemopoietic injury. AB - Six soluble polyglycans (glucan-C, glucan-F, glucan-S, krestin, lentinan, and schizophyllan), two soluble polymannans (mannan-A and mannan-R), and one soluble polyfructan (levan) were assayed for their ability to enhance hemopoietic recovery in C3H/HeN mice when administered either 1 h before or 1 h after a 6.5 Gy dose of cobalt-60 radiation. Hemopoietic recovery was measured by the endogenous spleen colony assay and was compared with recovery in both radiation control mice and irradiated mice treated with glucan-P (a particulate polyglycan previously shown to enhance recovery from radiation-induced hemopoietic injury). Compared with radiation controls, when administered before irradiation, mannan-A, glucan-F, and glucan-S enhanced endogenous colony formation 4.2-5.1-fold (equivalent to glucan-P), and levan and schizophyllan approximately 2.7-fold. Lentinan, krestin, mannan-R, and glucan-C did not enhance hemopoietic recovery above radiation controls under these conditions. When polyglycan administration was delayed until after irradiation, endogenous colony formation was enhanced 3.0 3.9-fold by mannan-A, schizophyllan, glucan-S, krestin, and glucan-F (at least comparable with glucan-P) but not at all by mannan-R, levan, lentinan, or glucan C. PMID- 6512564 TI - Plasma membrane organization of astrocytes in elasmobranchs with special reference to the brain barrier system. AB - The structural machinery contributing to the blood-brain barrier in elasmobranchs has been examined mainly using freeze-fracture techniques. Capillary endothelial cells, which show local aggregations of pinocytotic vesicles and infrequent fenestrations, are connected by poorly developed tight junctions. Astrocytic processes investing the capillary are linked by well-developed tight junctions between lateral membranes immediately beneath the perivascular space. The tight junctions consist of continuous strands of multiple layers coursing circumferentially around the astrocytic processes parallel to one another as well as to the perivascular space. The presence of intramembrane particles (IMPs) within E-face grooves may result in discontinuities in IMP rows on the P-face. Thus, in compensation for the capillary endothelium, perivascular astrocytes constitute the morphological site of the blood-brain barrier in elasmobranchs. Continuous strands of tight junctions are also detected between astrocytic processes forming the glia limitans at the brain surface. These may act as a barrier between meningeal connective tissue and brain parenchyma. Astrocytic membranes have numerous IMPs of 8-9 nm in diameter on their P-faces. These IMPs are uniformly distributed so that astrocytic membranes are easily distinguished from neuronal membranes even in the neuropil. Ependymal cells also have numerous IMPs in all their membrane domains. Orthogonal arrays are not detected in either astrocytic or ependymal plasma membranes. PMID- 6512565 TI - Age-related fine structural changes in axons and synapses during deafferentation of the rat pyriform cortex: a possible basis for plasticity. AB - The purpose of this study was to compare the sequence of axonal and synaptic alterations following deafferentating lesions at selected postnatal ages and relate these changes to synaptic organization in the olfactory cortex. Rats received unilateral olfactory bulb ablation at 2 1/2, 6, 9 and 13 days of age and were studied at survivals of 12 h to 30 days. At least three clearly different forms of acute degeneration were seen; flocculent, granular and dense with the granular form an intermediate form. The proportion of granular and especially dense degeneration increases after six days of age as does the presence of glia. The denser the type of degeneration, the greater the retention of remnants of this form of synaptic degeneration at deafferented postsynaptic sites. This as well as the increased presence of glia after six days may be important factors in the limitation of plastic reorganization or reinnervation in more mature individuals. The youngest operated animals show rapid vacating of the receptor site, relative absence of glia and striking evidence of competitive reoccupation of deafferented sites. PMID- 6512567 TI - Chemical dissection of stereovilli from fish inner ear reveals differences from intestinal microvilli. AB - A quick method was developed for isolating the stimulus-receiving apparatus (stereovilli = 'stereocilia') from the vestibular apparatus of fish (Scardinius erythrophthalmus and Rutilus rutilus) in sufficient quantity and purity to study the solubilities and stabilities of their structural elements by electron microscopy. The stereovilli were adsorbed to a support and, after various treatments, negatively stained or metal shadowed after freeze drying. For comparison, and in order to ensure the validity of the method, some experiments were similarly performed on intestinal microvilli from chicken. Microvilli adsorbed to a support gave similar results as in suspension. Stereovilli and microvilli are similar in their architecture, except for the specialized base of stereovilli, and in the Mg2+- or Ca2+-induced splaying of the actin cores. Major differences occur in the solubilities of the linkers which connect the actin core and the membrane (a-m-linkers). In contrast to microvilli, these linkers are removed from the stereovilli core together with the membrane by Triton-X-100. The linkers together with some membrane components are preserved by glutaraldehyde fixation prior to detergent extraction. In stereovilli, the position of the linkers is recognizable in fixed material. In microvilli the membrane contains so much material, which becomes detergent insoluble after glutaraldehyde fixation, that the linkers become completely obscured. PMID- 6512566 TI - The role of non-resident cells in Wallerian degeneration. AB - Wallerian degeneration was studied in the phrenic or sciatic nerves of mice following transplantation into Millipore diffusion chambers of 0.22 micron pore size which were implanted in the peritoneal cavity and kept for up to eight weeks. This method positively eliminates the access of nonresident cells to the tissue, at the same time providing proper conditions for tissue survival. Such nerves showed no proliferation of Schwann cells and no evidence for their active role in the removal or digestion of myelin. Schwann cells rejected their sheaths and the latter persisted for weeks, leading either to sheath distension (the sheath becoming wider and thinner) or to collapse (the sheath becoming thicker, collapsing upon the empty axis cylinder). The outer envelope of Schwann cytoplasm separated into pseudopodia rich in microtubules. Sheath rejection led to a slow decay of the myelin in the absence of active phagocytosis. There was profuse fibroblastic proliferation from the epineurium and perineurium, from which cells migrated into the chambers developing fatty change. No evidence was found to link the fatty change in fibroblasts to sheath decay. Diffusion chambers of 5.0 micron pore size were invaded by leukocytes and monocytes. Nerves kept in such chambers showed active phagocytosis of myelin leading to its removal, similar to Wallerian degeneration in situ. Phagocytes were shown to attack selectively the rejected myelin sheaths, distinguishing the latter from the surviving Schwann cells, even though both structures derive from the same cell. The activity of phagocytes in digesting myelin was mediated by a signal which diminished in intensity with time; there was very little active phagocytosis of myelin in nerves that had been predegenerated in 0.22 micron pore chambers. Various modifications of the experiment, including studies with co-cultured peritoneal macrophages or bone marrow, indicate a need for additional activating factors to induce myelin phagocytosis. PMID- 6512568 TI - Retrograde labelling of photoreceptors in different regions of the compound eyes of bees and ants. AB - The geometry of retinal receptor arrays and the projection patterns of photoreceptor axons are unravelled in the compound eyes of bees and ants by backfilling large populations of photoreceptors with horseradish peroxidase or Lucifer yellow. Such retrograde labelling techniques are applied in the insect retina for the first time. They brilliantly label populations of specific receptor types within more than 100 ommatidia. Such preparations are obtained in three distinctly different parts of the eye: (1) the part of the retina that is positioned at the uppermost dorsal margin of the eye and specialized for the detection of polarized skylight; (2) the remainder of the dorsal retina; and (3) the ventral retina. As shown by the large populations of labelled photoreceptors, the retinal receptor arrays differ strikingly between different parts of the eye. Furthermore, there exist similarities as well as marked differences between bees and ants. Former hypotheses concerning the location of photoreceptor terminals in the first and second visual neuropil have all been based on a few individual Golgi-labelled photoreceptors. The results presented in this paper, based on retrograde mass impregnations of selected types of photoreceptors, confirm some of the former hypotheses and reject others. The new findings are important for understanding how insects analyse polarized skylight. PMID- 6512569 TI - Carnitine and acyltransferase in experimental neurogenic atrophies: changes with treatment. AB - Carnitine level and carnitine palmityl transferase (CPT) activity were investigated in muscles of patients with infantile and juvenile spinal muscular atrophy and polyneuropathies. A significant decrease of both carnitine and CPT was found in the infantile spinal muscular atrophy, but not in the other neurogenic muscle atrophies. These findings were compared with the experimental effect of denervation and reinnervation upon the lipid metabolism in soleus and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) of adult and newborn rats. Twenty-one days after denervation free and total carnitine decreased significantly in both EDL (P less than 0.001) and soleus (P less than 0.05) of adult animals. CPT activity was significantly decreased in the soleus 50 days after denervation (P less than 0.005). Long-term reinnervation restored the level of carnitine fraction and CPT activity. L-carnitine treatment for 21 days restored the level of free carnitine to normal in the soleus of denervated adult animals. Denervation in newborn rats influenced carnitine concentration in soleus and EDL to a lesser extent; the treatment with L-carnitine raised short-chain acylcarnitines in denervated muscles, while reinnervation restored carnitine level within 50 days. PMID- 6512570 TI - Mailing muscle biopsy samples for histochemical processing. Conditions and morphometric approach to the alterations induced by storage. AB - Muscle samples obtained in patients with different neuromuscular diseases were stored at 0 degree C for periods of 6-12h and were subsequently frozen for histochemical processing. Compared to reference samples which had been immediately frozen, the individual test sections displayed different degrees of swelling of the muscle fibres. After 12h of storage the mean diameters had increased by 20% in type-1 and type-2A fibres and by 16% in type-2B fibres. With shorter periods type-2B fibres also showed the smallest amounts of increase in mean fibre diameter. The distribution of fibre diameters, variability coefficients and atrophy and hypertrophy factors showed corresponding changes but rarely fell outside the range defined from the reference sections. The histological, histochemical and cytological quality of the sections remained satisfactory. The decrease in glycogen content during storage appeared to be crucial. Time for mailing samples can be extended up to 27h without essential loss of histo-and cytochemical quality of the sections at the light microscopic level. PMID- 6512571 TI - CT in the diagnosis of cerebral vascular malformations. AB - In 72 patients with spontaneous intracranial haemorrhage and vascular malformation, 27 of 49 arterial aneurysms were diagnosed by CT (the smallest one of 4mm diameter being stalked), as were all (18) of the arteriovenous aneurysms (angiomas), but of the venous malformations (5) only 2 (aneurysms of the vein of Galen) were so diagnosed. In the 25 patients with spontaneous subarachnoid haemorrhage, in whom vascular malformation had not been diagnosed through angiography or CT, CT showed the position and extent of the parenchymatous lesion or the existence of blood in the subarachnoid space or ventricules. Finally, in 15 patients with subjective or neuropsychiatric disturbances, 9 arterial and 6 arteriovenous aneurysms were diagnosed by CT and were verified by angiography, which would probably not have been performed if CT had not been performed. Thus it is clear that vascular malformations are often diagnosed by CT. In many cases information is revealed which would not be suspected with angiography, while in other cases angiography is more selective and accurate. PMID- 6512572 TI - Neuropsychological evaluation in transient ischaemic attack and minor stroke. AB - Two groups of patients with transient ischaemic attack and minor stroke without detectable haemodynamic stenotic lesions were evaluated by neuropsychological tests and compared with a control group. The mean values of the scores adjusted for age and educational background demonstrated that the patients with transient ischaemic attack did not have a worse performance than normal subjects in any of the tests, the patients with minor stroke had a worse performance than normals, particularly in Rey's figure-copying test (P less than 0.025), and the latter test was not affected by educational background or age of the subjects. The results are discussed with reference to other case series, and the importance of age and cerebral damage in causing intellectual impairment evaluated by neurophysiological tests is stressed. PMID- 6512573 TI - Brachial neuritis in salmonellosis. AB - A case of bilateral brachial plexus neuritis associated with a salmonella infection is reported. The three types of nerve involvement in salmonellosis, mononeuritis, brachial plexus neuritis and polyradiculoneuritis are described. Prognosis and pathogenesis are discussed. PMID- 6512574 TI - Measuring muscle strength. AB - A dynamometer that can be held in the hand and that was designed to measure muscle strength in a simple way in the range 2-5 of the MRC scale, was tested in order to establish to what extent differences in results can be attributed to the observer, the subject and replication. Observers learned the technique quickly and their results agreed with each other to a considerable extent. The subjects showed a small learning effect in three of the four muscles tested. Normal muscle strength was measured in one hundred 18-year-old men. PMID- 6512575 TI - Sensitivity and localizing significance of motor and sensory electroneurographic parameters in the diagnosis of ulnar nerve lesions at the elbow. A reappraisal. AB - A total of 103 patients (40 with pure sensory disturbances, 63 with sensory and motor deficits) with ulnar nerve lesions at the elbow were examined neurophysiologically. The measurement of motor conduction velocity across the cubital tunnel alone did not completely localize the lesion. The latency to an ulnar-innervated flexor muscle was of outstanding importance. The measurement of amplitudes was only rarely of localizing significance. The results of sensory recording proved to be important in patients with pure sensory disturbances. In cases with additional motor deficits, sensory recordings were too often abnormal in all segments of the ulnar nerve to be of substantial localizing value. PMID- 6512577 TI - Neonatal myotubular myopathy with a probable X-linked inheritance: observations on a new family with a review of the literature. AB - During the 3 weeks of his life, an infant born at term presented pronounced hypotonia, areflexia and generalized paresis with severe respiratory and feeding problems. He was the fourth male in two generations to die in the perinatal period, therefore suggesting an X-linked inheritance. Post-mortem examination revealed a centronuclear or myotubular myopathy. The difficulty in distinguishing the signs due to muscle disorder from those due to hypoxaemic encephalopathy is stressed. Infants with centronuclear myopathy have in any case a high risk for hypoxaemic encephalopathy. The literature concerning neonatal centronuclear myopathy with X-linked inheritance is reviewed. PMID- 6512576 TI - Is central core disease with structural core a fetal defect? AB - Morphological and biochemical studies were performed in three cases of congenital non-progressive myopathy in two generations of the same family. In the muscle biopsy nearly all the fibres were uniform in enzyme activity and belonged to type 2 C. Typical structural central cores were observed in 90% of the muscle fibres. Some ultrastructural characteristics of the core area, as well as disturbances of the myofibrillar proteins pattern, seen in the examined cases suggest that core formation may be a result of protein synthesis disturbances in an early stage of myogenesis. PMID- 6512578 TI - Acute polyneuropathy with severe generalized rigidity in a child aged 16 months. Preliminary report. AB - A case of acute severe generalized muscle rigidity in a 16-month-old child is described. The arm flexors and leg extensors were the most severely involved, with all stretch reflexes absent. Motor conduction velocities on the arms and legs were very slow and nerve potentials were not elicited. The rigidity and electromyographically recorded spontaneous activity almost disappeared on carbamazepine treatment, with nerve conduction velocities remaining unchanged. PMID- 6512579 TI - Spontaneous mutation to chemotherapy resistance: implications of the Goldie Coldman model for the management of ovarian cancer. PMID- 6512581 TI - Sites of recurrence in resected stage I non-small-cell lung cancer: a guide for future studies. AB - The Lung Cancer Study Group recently completed a double-blind adjuvant immunotherapy study, in which 473 patients with resected stage I non-small-cell lung cancer were randomized to either intrapleural BCG or placebo. The study showed no significant difference in time to first recurrence for the two treatment arms. The present report analyzes the distribution of the anatomic site of first relapse and relates this to TN staging, histology, and other appropriate risk factors. The overall rate of recurrence is significantly higher for increasing TN status and for nonsquamous as compared to squamous-cell type. However, the distribution of site of recurrence does not, in general, change with increasing TN status or with histology. Approximately 65% to 75% of the first recurrences involve distant sites, with the brain being by far the most common, regardless of TN staging or histology. The implications of this for planning future studies is discussed. PMID- 6512580 TI - Alternating combination chemotherapy for stages III and IV ovarian carcinoma. AB - Thirty-nine previously untreated patients with stages III and IV ovarian carcinoma were treated with debulking surgery, followed by alternating combination chemotherapy with cisplatin, Adriamycin (Adria Laboratories, Columbus, Ohio), and cyclophosphamide (PAC); and hexamethylmelamine, cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and 5-fluorouracil (HexaCAF). Of 19 patients with measureable disease at the onset of therapy, ten (53%) had at least a partial response to chemotherapy. Seven (18% of total) patients were found to be pathologically free of disease at secondlook surgery, but four patients relapsed 19 to 31 months after initiating therapy. The median progression-free survival period of all 39 patients entered into the study is 12 months, and the median crude survival is 21 months. The PAC/HexaCAF alternating combination chemotherapy regimen may be administered with moderate toxicity, but the treatment results are not superior to those reported for PAC or HexaCAF alone in advanced ovarian carcinoma. PMID- 6512583 TI - Cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and 5-fluorouracil chemotherapy in women more than 65 years old with advanced breast cancer: the elimination of age trends in toxicity by using doses based on creatinine clearance. AB - Ninety-two patients with advanced breast carcinoma and no prior chemotherapy from 65 to 90 years old were treated with the combination cyclophosphamide (C), methotrexate (M), and 5-fluorouracil (F) (CMF). Because of the primary renal excretion of the first two drugs, their initial doses were calculated using a linear function of creatinine clearance. 5-Fluorouracil was given at 2/3 of the usual dose. These doses resulted in no significant age trends in almost all toxicity, response, time to failure, or cycle by cycle percentages of calculated dose actually received. There was significantly less nausea and vomiting as age increased (P less than .001) and patients greater than 80 years had a significantly shorter survival (P = .01) than patients aged 65 to 79 years. The toxicity results are in marked contrast to the experience of 126 patients aged 24 to 65 years treated with usual doses of CMF on earlier protocols. Among these younger patients there was a significant upward trend with age in diarrhea (P less than .001) and noticeable upward trends with age in hematologic toxicity (P = .06), infection (P = .06), and severe mucositis (P = .09). Patients greater than 65 years had their doses decreased less quickly than did patients less than 65 years; hence by the sixth cycle, the young and elderly patients were receiving almost the same amount of M and F. PMID- 6512582 TI - Randomized study of systemic chemotherapy following complete excision of nonosseous sarcomas. AB - Between June 1975 and April 1981, 61 of the 177 eligible patients whose nonosseous sarcomas of extremity or trunk origin had been completely excised primarily or after local recurrences agreed to participate in a randomized study of adjuvant chemotherapy. Dermatofibrosarcoma, lymphomas, myeloma, Kaposi's sarcoma, and embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma were excluded as were patients with significant second primary cancers and those who received either preoperative or postoperative radiation therapy. After stratification by anatomic status of disease, site of origin, and histologic grade, a random one half of the 61 participants began alternating courses of vincristine/cyclophosphamide/dactinomycin, and vincristine/doxorubicin/dacarbazine at six-week intervals for one year. The control group was evaluated at six-week intervals without adjuvant chemotherapy, but these patients were offered this chemotherapy later if they had progressive disease excised. Although 30% of the 61 patients experienced local recurrence of disease within the first five years after randomization, and only 54% were continuously disease free for five or more years, 82% were surviving at five years (Kaplan-Meier calculations) with a median follow-up of 64.3 months. Partial suppression of distant metastasis by adjuvant chemotherapy was apparent in the overall study, in the extremity tumor category, and in the subgroup of patients who had received limb-sparing surgery; however, no survival advantage for chemotherapy-treated patients was demonstrated. The 30 adjuvant chemotherapy treated patients received a total of three thoracotomies as compared with 17 salvage thoracotomies for the 31 control patients; however, salvage surgery for local recurrences has been similar in the two groups. Recent improvement in the survival of patients with soft-tissue sarcomas is not necessarily a result of adjuvant chemotherapy or radiation therapy. PMID- 6512585 TI - Pulmonary neoplastic lesions in patients with head and neck cancer. PMID- 6512584 TI - Is it an E lesion or stage IV? An unsettled issue in Hodgkin's disease staging. AB - To determine whether recognized experts in the area of Hodgkin's disease would agree on the determination of stage when various types of extranodal disease are present, we asked senior investigators at 15 major centers to assign a stage to four different patients. In general, these experts agreed in cases representing the extremes of difference between localized and distant extranodal disease. However, when presented with patients with nearby but not contiguous extranodal disease of lung or bone, one half of the experts classified this as an E lesion and one half as stage IV. This disagreement in stage assignment has implications not only for individual patient treatment, but also for reporting of clinical trials. Over-assignment of stage IV has the practical result of "improving" the results of treatment of both low stage (by removing higher risk patients) and advanced stage patients (by including better risk patients). Papers reporting the results of treatment of Hodgkin's disease should include information concerning how patients with extranodal disease were separated into those with E lesions and those with stage IV disease. PMID- 6512586 TI - The impending medical oncologist glut. PMID- 6512587 TI - Presidential address: the plight of clinical cancer research. PMID- 6512588 TI - Control of sequential movements: evidence for generalized motor programs. AB - The neuromotor processes underlying the control of rapid sequential limb movements were investigated. Subjects learned to pronate and supinate their forearms rapidly to four target locations in a specific spatio-temporal pattern under two movement-time conditions. The response sequence was first performed in a total movement time of 600 ms. Subjects were then told to produce the movement as quickly as possible while ignoring any timing pattern that they had previously learned. Electromyographic (EMG) signals were recorded from the biceps brachii and pronator teres muscles. Kinematic and EMG analyses were performed to investigate the temporal characteristics underlying the two movement-time conditions. When subjects produced the response as quickly as possible, average movement time to perform each reversal movement decreased while average peak velocity increased. Average total movement time was reduced by approximately 100 ms. Although movement time decreased, the proportion of total time to perform each movement of the sequence remained essentially invariant between movement time conditions. Similar results were obtained for velocity. The time at which peak velocity was achieved occurred earlier in absolute time, although when normalized to the proportion of total movement time, the time to reach peak velocity was also invariant. Thus subjects proportionally compressed the entire movement sequence in time. The EMG analysis demonstrated that total EMG time decreased 89 ms on the average when subjects sped up the movement sequence. Thus average burst durations for both the biceps and pronator teres muscles decreased when movement speed increased. When burst durations were normalized to a proportion of total EMG time, the average proportion of time each muscle was active remained invariant. Therefore, the temporal pattern of activity for the biceps and pronator teres muscles were also proportionally compressed. The present experiment provided additional evidence for the structure of generalized motor programs consisting of invariant and variant features. Movement speed was considered a variant feature, which is specified each time the program is executed. Relative timing, the proportion of total time to produce each segment of the response, was considered to be an invariant feature and inherent in the structure of the motor program. Support for the invariance of relative timing was observed at both the kinematic and neuromuscular levels of analyses. Alternative models (9-11, 24) were found inadequate to account for the invariance of relative timing with the variation in movement time observed in the present experiment. PMID- 6512589 TI - Compensation for intrinsic muscle stiffness by short-latency reflexes in human triceps surae muscles. AB - The incremental torque resisting rotation of the foot about the ankle joint was studied in normal seated subjects. Prior to each rotation, subjects were required to activate triceps surae (TS) muscles and maintain a constant plantar flexion torque (range 6-14 N X m) on a platform whose position was controlled by a torque motor. Subjects were instructed to increase torque as rapidly as possible once rotation commenced. Rotations ranged from 0.5 to 14 degrees amplitude and from 20 to 300 degrees/s maximum velocity. The torque in response to rotations stretching TS muscles and releasing tibialis anterior (TA) muscles increased steeply and then rapidly decreased with stretch velocity. At approximately 60 ms from stretch onset, the torque reduction terminated, torque then increased again until it began to level off at approximately 120 ms. A further large increase in torque occurred at 180 ms. A burst of short-latency (SL) electromyographic (EMG) activity in soleus (SOL) commenced at 40 ms, and was followed by a second burst at approximately 68 ms, provided that stretch deceleration started later than 20 ms after stretch onset. A period of sustained EMG activity in SOL commenced at approximately 130 ms (long-latency (LL) activity). Incremental torque in response to stretch of TA and release of TS muscles initially showed a step decrease followed by a reversal of the torque trajectory back toward base line. This change was arrested at 60 ms and torque then remained approximately constant until a large increase in torque at 180 ms. Ischemia was used to reduce SL EMG reflexes without significantly modifying the background EMG activity. A comparison between torque curves under control and ischemic conditions indicated that SL EMG activity in TS muscles recruited the force responsible for terminating the torque reduction coincident with decreasing stretch velocity. The torque response prior to the onset of force recruited by SL activity was attributed to the intrinsic properties of active muscle fibers. Thereafter, until the onset of LL activity, the torque response was attributed to intrinsic and reflex-recruited force. Torque in these two time periods was compared under a variety of stretch conditions in order to test the hypothesis that force recruited by segmental reflexes compensates for the non-linear stretch properties of active TS muscles. The relationships of SL EMG amplitudes and areas to stretch velocity and acceleration were also examined.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6512590 TI - Role of cat primary auditory cortex for sound-localization behavior. AB - Small lesions designed to completely destroy the cortical zone of representation of a restricted band of frequency were introduced within the primary auditory cortex (AI) in adult cats. Physiological mapping was used to guide placement of lesions. Sound-localization performance was evaluated prior to and after induction of these lesions in a seven-choice free-sound-field apparatus. All tested cats had profound contralateral hemifield deficits for the localization of brief tones at frequencies roughly corresponding to those whose representations were destroyed by the lesion. Sound-localization performance was normal at all other test frequencies. In a single adult cat, a massive lesion destroyed nearly all auditory cortex unilaterally, with only the representation of a narrow band of frequency within AI spared by the lesion. This cat had normal abilities for azimuthal sound localization across that frequency band but a profound contralateral deficit for the azimuthal localization of brief sounds at all other frequencies. Recorded sound-localization deficits were permanent. Localization of long-duration tones was not affected by a unilateral AI lesion. These studies indicate that, at least in cats, AI is necessary for normal binaural sound localization behavior; among auditory cortical fields, AI is sufficient for normal binaural sound-localization behavior; sound-location representation is organized by frequency channel in the auditory forebrain; and AI in each hemisphere contributes to only contralateral free-sound-field location representation. PMID- 6512591 TI - Physiological identification of midbrain neurons related to lens accommodation in cats. AB - Single units were sought in the medial midbrain, whereas lens accommodation of the eye was monitored by using an infrared high-speed optometer. Nineteen of 135 units isolated were identified as accommodation-related units by two criteria: 1) they discharged in synchrony with spontaneously occurring accommodation, and b) the units were driven by stimulating the interpositus nucleus of the cerebellum. In eight other experiments, units were sought that were antidromically activated by stimulating parasympathetic preganglionic fibers to the ciliary ganglion. Eleven of 46 antidromically activated units were identified as accommodation related units (accommodation-related oculomotor units). Accommodation-related oculomotor units were found in the medial midbrain within 1 mm of the midline. The majority of them were located lateral and dorsal to the Edinger-Westphal nucleus. PMID- 6512592 TI - Cortical neurons related to lens accommodation in posterior lateral suprasylvian area in cats. AB - Cortical units were sought that discharged in temporal correlation with spontaneously occurring lens accommodation in the area surrounding the middle suprasylvian sulcus, between the stereotaxic coordinates A8.0 and P1.0, while monitoring lens accommodation by using an infrared optometer. Units were tentatively identified as accommodation related if their discharges were modulated before the onset times of lens accommodation. Forty-eight accommodation related units were found. Modulation of discharges preceded the onset times of accommodation by 360 ms on the average. Most (95%) of these units were related to the increase in the refractive power of the lens. Antidromic activation from the dorsal midbrain was tested in 26 of 48 accommodation-related units. Fourteen (67%) units were antidromically activated from the superior colliculus and/or the pretectum. Nine (64%) of them were also activated antidromically from the lateral posterior nucleus of the thalamus. The location of these units were confirmed by histological reconstruction. They were found in the posterior medial and posterior lateral lateral suprasylvian (PMLS and PLLS) areas and in the transitional zone of PMLS to the suprasylvian gyrus, between stereotaxic coordinates A7.0 and A1.5. PMID- 6512593 TI - Critical periods for functional and anatomical compensation in lateral suprasylvian visual area following removal of visual cortex in cats. AB - Previous experiments have found that neurons in the cat's lateral suprasylvian (LS) visual area of cortex show functional compensation following removal of visual cortical areas 17, 18, and 19 on the day of birth. Correspondingly, an enhanced retino-thalamic pathway to LS cortex develops in these cats. The present experiments investigated the critical periods for these changes. Unilateral lesions of areas 17, 18, and 19 were made in cats ranging in age from 1 day postnatal to 26 wk. When the cats were adult, single-cell recordings were made from LS cortex ipsilateral to the lesion. In addition, transneuronal autoradiographic methods were used to trace the retino-thalamic projections to LS cortex in many of the same animals. Following lesions in 18- and 26-wk-old cats, there is a marked reduction in direction-selective LS cortex cells and an increase in cells that respond best to stationary flashing stimuli. These results are similar to those following visual cortex lesions in adult cats. In contrast, the percentages of cells with these properties are normal following lesions made from 1 day to 12 wk of age. Thus the critical period for development of direction selectivity and greater responses to moving than to stationary flashing stimuli in LS cortex following a visual cortex lesion ends between 12 and 18 wk of age. Following lesions in 26-wk-old cats, there is a decrease in the percentage of cells that respond to the ipsilateral eye, which is similar to results following visual cortex lesions in adult cats. However, ocular dominance is normal following lesions made from 1 day to 18 wk of age. Thus the critical period for development of responses to the ipsilateral eye following a lesion ends between 18 and 26 wk of age. Following visual cortex lesions in 2-, 4-, or 8-wk-old cats, about 30% of the LS cortex cells display orientation selectivity to elongated slits of light. In contrast, few or no cells display this property in normal adult cats, cats with lesions made on the day of birth, or cats with lesions made at 12 wk of age or later. Thus an anomalous property develops for many LS cells, and the critical period for this property begins later (between 1 day and 2 wk) and ends earlier (between 8 and 12 wk) than those for other properties.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6512595 TI - Fistulae of the lateral sinus. PMID- 6512594 TI - Heterogeneity of group Ia synapses on homonymous alpha-motoneurons as revealed by high-frequency stimulation of Ia afferent fibers. AB - Excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) were recorded in medial gastrocnemius (MG) motoneurons following intraaxonal electrical stimulation of single spindle afferent fibers in anesthetized cats. High-frequency bursts of 32 shocks were delivered to the afferent axon and the EPSPs were averaged in the motoneuron. EPSP amplitude generally changed during the burst, in some cases increasing and in other cases decreasing, depending on the connection. Interpretation of these changes was complicated by potentiation of the initial EPSPs in the burst that occurred with the repeated bursts. The extent of the potentiation varied from connection to connection. The magnitude of facilitation or depression during a burst of standard frequency (167 Hz) was determined by comparison of EPSPs at the end of the burst with the mean EPSP obtained during low-frequency stimulation (18 Hz). Large amplitude EPSPs tended to depress, whereas the small amplitude EPSPs facilitated. Facilitation was more prevalent in motoneurons with large rheobases and depression was more often observed in small rheobase motoneurons. The use of partial correlations, which was necessary because of the inverse correlation between EPSP amplitude and motoneuron rheobase, revealed that facilitation depression behavior during repetitive stimulation is correlated primarily with EPSP amplitude rather than with motoneuron rheobase. Acute transection of the spinal cord resulted in no change in motoneuron rheobase but considerable enlargement of mean EPSP amplitude at low frequencies of stimulation. A significant increase in the amount of depression during repetitive stimulation was noted under these conditions. These results indicate considerable heterogeneity in the response of individual connections to repetitive stimulation. We suggest that this heterogeneity results from differences in transmitter release at different connections. This heterogeneity must also have functional consequences related to susceptibility for firing of different motoneurons under various physiological conditions that can include afferent discharge frequencies equivalent to those used in this study. PMID- 6512596 TI - Meningeal arteriovenous fistulae draining into cortical veins. 31 cases. PMID- 6512597 TI - Contribution of air-CT cisternography to the diagnosis of small acoustic neurinomas. PMID- 6512598 TI - Post-traumatic extradural haematomas. CT diagnosis and features. PMID- 6512599 TI - Presence of pituitary hormones in the human stomach. PMID- 6512600 TI - Rotating probe for trans-oesophageal cross-sectional echocardiography. PMID- 6512601 TI - Hyperprolactinemic amenorrhea induced by an intrasellar epithelial cyst. PMID- 6512602 TI - Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) plasma levels in chronic renal failure. PMID- 6512603 TI - The influence of marine oil intake upon levels of lipids, alpha-tocopherol and lipid peroxidation in serum and liver of rats. AB - The effect of dietary intake of marine oils (CLO and SBO) on the lipids, alpha tocopherol and TBARS in serum and liver was investigated in rats. In the dietary fats (8% in diet), the proportion of marine oils and corn oil was changed at five steps from 100:0 to 0:100. In the groups fed more than 50% CLO, serum cholesterol levels decreased while liver cholesterol increased as compared with the rats fed less than 50% CLO. On the other hand, SBO intake lowered serum cholesterol, TGs and PLs in the group on more than 25% of total fats, while it also induced an elevation of liver cholesterol and total lipids, in slightly higher degree as compared with the case for CLO intake. TBARS levels increased in liver with increasing intake of both marine oils, whereas alpha-tocopherol levels contrarily decreased in serum and liver. Only 0.6 and 0.3% of omega-3 type unsaturated fatty acids (EPA and DHA) were involved in the experimental diets of 50% and 25% marine oil groups respectively, since both marine oils contained about 15% of omega-3 type polyunsaturated fatty acids. Our results show that such a low content of omega-3 type fatty acids affects body lipid metabolism with respect to change in cholesterol, TGs, PLs, alpha-tocopherol and lipid peroxidation. PMID- 6512604 TI - Detection of reaction products of thiamin degradation by catechol derivatives. AB - To clarify the mechanism of thiamin degradation by catechol derivatives, thiamin and its analogues were incubated with caffeic acid or catechol in 1/15 M phosphate buffer pH 7.4 at 48 degrees C or 50 degrees C. Using thin-layer chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography, several unknown intermediates of the reaction product, which may have both pyrimidine and catechol moieties, were detected. PMID- 6512605 TI - Isolation and characterization of a coupled compound of thiamin with catechol. AB - Equimolecular amounts of thiamin and catechol incubated under suitable conditions produced an unknown reaction product isolated as a light yellow powder from the reaction mixture by reverse-phase ODS column chromatography. Elemental analysis of the purified powder showed the molecular formula to be C18H22N4O4S X HCl X H2O in agreement with a molecular ion peak found at m/e 390 in the mass spectrum. These results together with the data of IR and NMR spectrometry possibly show that this material consists of an isomeric mixture of S-3,4- and S-2,3 dihydroxyphenylthiamin (I and II) which probably arise as a result of oxidative addition of the thiol group of thiamin to catechol. PMID- 6512606 TI - Effect of administration of triiodothyronine on aspartate aminotransferase in pyridoxine-deficient rats. AB - The state of thyroid function and the effect of triiodothyronine (T3) administration on aspartate aminotransferase isozymes in the livers of rats fed on a diet with or without pyridoxine were examined. Decreased thyroid function in pyridoxine-deficient rats was demonstrated using malic enzyme as a marker of thyroid function in the liver. Administration of T3 increased cytosolic aspartate aminotransferase in the liver of pyridoxine-deficient rats, but not of control rats. PMID- 6512607 TI - Medical and nutritional surveys in the Kingdom of Tonga; comparison of physiological and nutritional status of adult Tongans in urbanized (Kolofo-ou) and rural (Uiha) areas. AB - The physiological and nutritional status of adult Tongans in rural (Uiha, 50 males and 58 females) and urbanized (Kolofo-ou, 77 males and 71 females) areas were surveyed in 1977 and 1979, respectively. Adult Tongans of both sexes in the two districts had considerably large physiques. Being different from the obesity found in peoples of industrialized countries, the obese state of adult Tongans was associated with large muscularity, low incidence of glucosuria, ECG abnormalities and hypertension, and normal plasma cholesterol levels. However, modernization has started to have an influence upon the health of adult Tongans; relatively high levels in parameters relating to obesity as well as higher incidence of hypertension were observed in adult Tongans in Kolofo-ou as compared to adult Uiha islanders. PMID- 6512608 TI - Determination of nutritional efficiency of selenium contained in processed skipjack meat by comparison with selenite. AB - The nutritional efficiency of selenium (Se) contained in two kinds of processed fish meat was appraised. Rats were fed on a 20% casein diet deficient in Se (0.046 micrograms/g diet) for 2 weeks, and were then fed on the basal diet supplemented with 0.08 micrograms/g of Se as sodium selenite, boiled meat of skipjack or dried strip of skipjack for an additional 8 days. The Se supplementation caused a significant increase of the Se concentration and the glutathione peroxidase activity in the rat liver. Although significant differences in hepatic Se levels were not observed among the rats fed on the Se supplemented diets, the elevation of the hepatic enzyme activities of the rats fed on the skipjack-supplemented diets was only 45 to 53% that of the rats fed on the selenite-supplemented diet. Amounts of excretion of both fecal and urinary Se of the rats fed on the diets supplemented with the skipjacks were higher than those of the selenite-administered rats. These results indicate that the nutritional efficiency of the Se in the skipjack meat is about 50% that of selenite and that unknown factor(s) other than luminal absorption contribute to the low availability of the Se in the skipjack meat. PMID- 6512609 TI - Reduced and oxidized glutathione concentrations in the lenses of riboflavin deficient rats. PMID- 6512610 TI - 1984 and beyond. The C.O. Sappington memorial lecture. PMID- 6512612 TI - Occupational health and safety. The Swedish model. AB - Occupational health and safety legislation has found greater acceptance in Sweden than in the United States. Since both countries share many similar socioeconomic values, occupational health professionals in the United States may profit from knowledge of the Swedish system. The Swedish Work Environment Act is a frame law, the details of which are determined by collective bargaining. Employers are responsible for complying with standards but have greater flexibility than their American counterparts. Methods of compliance require the agreement of the plant safety committee or the safety delegates. Safety delegates and safety committees are required by law in almost all places of work. Their responsibilities are supported by adequate training, the right to know, and the authority to stop work in the face of imminent or perceived imminent danger. Consensus and cooperation are emphasized. PMID- 6512611 TI - Occupational noise exposure and hearing loss characteristics of a blue-collar population. AB - Recent studies of health effects from chronic exposure to noise in the workplace have not consistently addressed nonoccupational variables. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 197 randomly selected male hourly workers from a noisy plant (greater than or equal to 89 dBA) in Pittsburgh to fully assess noise exposure and hearing loss, incorporating information on duration of exposure, noise level, occupational and medical histories, audiometric evaluation, and external noise sources. Population audiometric profiles are characteristic of noise-induced hearing loss; mean hearing thresholds for press room men were significantly higher at 2, 3, and 6 kHz (p less than or equal to .05). Only 40% of the men consistently wore hearing protection. Recent use of ototoxic drugs, noisy hobbies/second jobs, military service, family history of hearing loss, and ear-related problems were not found to have a significant effect on hearing levels at high frequencies, suggesting that observed hearing losses were of an occupational origin. PMID- 6512613 TI - Occupational mortality patterns among British Columbia farm workers. AB - To examine mortality risks for farm laborers proportional mortality ratios (PMRs) were calculated for 2,328 British Columbia farm workers who died at age 20 years or over during the period 1950 through 1978. Significantly fewer deaths than expected from degenerative heart disease (PMR = 91, p less than .01) and from all cancers combined (PMR = 78, p less than .001) were observed. Deaths from bronchitis and emphysema (PMR = 70, p less than .05) were also fewer than anticipated. Elevated risks of death were found for accidents (PMR = 129, p less than .001), for homicide (PMR = 242, p less than .01), and for pneumonia (PMR = 146, p less than .001). PMID- 6512614 TI - Additivity of dichromatic color matches to short-wavelength lights. AB - The additivity of color matches to short-wavelength lights was examined in observers who behaved as red-green dichromats under the stimulus conditions used. Color matches were obtained at several luminance levels and on several different adapting backgrounds. The range of mixtures acceptable as a match and the midpoint of this range varied considerably over different conditions. However, for each observer, a set of mixtures that remained a match under all conditions could always be found. Results suggest that the additivity laws hold for these observers in the sense that there is a color match that remains a match under all conditions. PMID- 6512615 TI - Spatial-frequency adaptation and grating discrimination: predictions of a line element model. AB - Recent data have shown that spatial-frequency adaptation has little effect on spatial-frequency discrimination at the adapting frequency, but there is a substantial elevation of discrimination thresholds at frequencies about one octave higher than the adapting frequency. It has also been shown that adaptation produces elevations in grating-orientation discrimination at orientations displaced by +/- 12.0-15.0 deg from the adapting orientation. In this paper, we show that these results agree quantitatively with the predictions (some of which were made without knowledge of the experimental results) of a line-element model for spatial-frequency discrimination. Spatial-frequency bandwidths of the visual mechanisms were previously obtained from masking data. For the orientation discrimination predictions, the line-element model was generalized to incorporate orientation bandwidths for the spatial mechanisms, again estimated from masking data. PMID- 6512616 TI - Contribution of differential scattering of circularly polarized light to the optical rotatory dispersion of a sample. AB - A chiral scattering molecule has the ability to interact differently with circularly polarized light of opposite polarization. This phenomenon has been termed circular intensity differential scattering. It is shown that the differential-scattering phenomenon contributes to the total optical rotatory dispersion (ORD) of the sample. This contribution is independent of the presence of chromophores in the sample. From two general relations, the Kronig-Kramers transforms, obeyed by linear, causal systems, and the optical theorem, a result of energy conservation and power flow, the contribution of the preferential scattering of circularly polarized light to the ORD of the sample is formally obtained. It is seen that this contribution takes place through the circular preferential removal of the coherent part of the wave, i.e., the extinction (by means of scattering) of the transmitted radiation. It is shown that the use of approximations in the description of the internal field in the scattering equations can equivocally predict the absence of a scattering-dependent ORD contribution. PMID- 6512617 TI - Spatial-frequency difference thresholds for central and peripheral viewing. AB - We measured spatial-frequency difference thresholds with a two-alternative forced choice technique. On each trial a given standard frequency was presented in one temporal interval and a higher or lower frequency in the other. The subject indicated which interval contained the higher frequency of the two presented in that trial. The variable frequencies were chosen using a decision rule combined with a double-random-alternating staircase that converged on stimulus values that produced 70.7% correct choices. The proportional difference in frequency for criterion responding was computed from the mean of all stimulus values presented in a block of trials. This fraction was plotted as a function of standard spatial frequency. The resulting function shows local maxima and minima that are greater than the standard errors of the means across blocks of trials at a given standard. Functions obtained at 10 deg off the fovea showed a greater range of values than those obtained with central viewing. The results are consistent with the notion that there is a limited number of spatial-frequency channels whose bandwidths are narrow relative to their separation in the spatial-frequency spectrum. PMID- 6512618 TI - Haemophilus aphrophilus endocarditis. PMID- 6512619 TI - Appendicitis in pregnancy. PMID- 6512620 TI - Nutrition for the practitioner V. Current concepts in nutrition: the vitamin B complex. PMID- 6512621 TI - [Structural study of nasal polyps]. PMID- 6512622 TI - [Otoneurological evaluation of the acoustic tumor, with special reference to the diagnosis of small tumors]. PMID- 6512623 TI - [Cytodiagnosis of parotid glands of patients with Sjogren's syndrome]. PMID- 6512624 TI - [Phonosurgical treatments following total laryngectomy and post-operative vocal function]. PMID- 6512625 TI - [The study on the experimental endolymphatic hydrops--with special reference to the incidence of endolymphatic hydrops and the relation between the morphological changes and the vestibular function]. PMID- 6512626 TI - [Diffusion route of Indian ink injected into the facial nerve trunk at the entrance of the stylomastoid foramen of rabbits]. PMID- 6512627 TI - [Evaluation and mechanism of ototoxicity of aminoglycoside antibiotics injected into the facial nerve. An experimental study]. PMID- 6512628 TI - [Differential diagnosis of hearing impairments by means of a new analysis method of speech discrimination ability]. PMID- 6512629 TI - Induction of encystation of Entamoeba invadens by removal of glucose from the culture medium. AB - A procedure has been developed for the effective induction of axenic encystation of Entamoeba invadens strain IP-1. Low concentrations of glucose in Diamond's axenic growth medium cause stimulation of the differentiative process. The time course of encystation depended on the density of inoculum. While a culture with an inoculum of 5 X 10(4) cells/ml required about 3 days to initiate encystment, a culture with an inoculum of 1 X 10(6) cells/ml required only 8 hr. Cyst yield was optimal (70%) when a density of 5 X 10(5) cells/ml was employed for the inoculum. Under above conditions it was found that serum is absolutely required while vitamins are not. It was found that encystation could be triggered without change in the osmolarity of the medium and that oxygen does not influence this process. PMID- 6512630 TI - Early and late shedding patterns of Schistosoma mansoni cercariae: ecological significance in transmission to human and murine hosts. AB - A comparative analysis of the cercarial shedding of 2 Schistosoma mansoni populations originating from the same endemic area (Guadeloupe) allows us to distinguish an early (peak emergence at 1100 hr) and a late (peak at 1600 hr) shedding patterns of cercariae. This intraspecific variation in the chronobiology of S. mansoni cercariae may be related to the ecology in the transmission site. The early shedding pattern characterizes schistosome populations originated from urbanized foci where man plays the main role in the parasite transmission; the late shedding pattern characterizes schistosome populations originated from sylvatic focus where a rat (R. rattus) is the main host. The late shedding of cercariae is considered as an adaptation favoring transmission to a murine host whose behavior is preferentially crepuscular. PMID- 6512632 TI - Performance and tissue copper concentrations of control and Ascaris suum-infected pigs fed excess dietary copper. AB - Ninety-eight crossbred growing-finishing swine were used in 2 experiments to investigate the interaction between naturally occurring Ascaris suum infections and excess copper ingestion. In both experiments, pigs were fed a 14% crude protein basal diet or the basal diet + 250 ppm copper. These 2 dietary groups were subsequently divided into 2 additional treatment groups (A. suum-infected or uninfected) based on worm recovery from the intestine or from fecal egg counts. Excess dietary copper improved pig performance slightly, but it dramatically increased liver, kidney and lung copper levels. The A. suum infection did not affect pig performance, but it tended (not significantly) to reduce tissue copper levels. Serum copper was not affected by dietary copper or by A. suum infection. PMID- 6512631 TI - The role of essential fatty acids and prostaglandins in cercarial penetration (Schistosoma mansoni). AB - We used rat skin membranes to test the putative role of prostaglandins (PG) and essential fatty acids (EFA) in the penetration response of Schistosoma mansoni cercariae. To examine the effects of EFA on cercarial penetration an EFA deficient rat model was used. Dams were fed an EFA-deficient diet during lactation and the pups were weaned to this diet. Cercarial penetration of EFA deficient rat skin membranes was not reduced from control levels until 12 wk on the diet. At this time a decrease of 64.3% was observed. This decrease remained constant up to 16 wk, after which the study was terminated. Other normal rats were treated with 20 mg/kg ibuprofen, a PG inhibitor, to examine the role of PG in the penetration response. Treated rat skin contained a mean of 2 micrograms ibuprofen per 30 mm3 of skin (25-mm skin disc) at 1.5 hours post-injection. Skin from treated rats inhibited penetration by over 81%. These studies indicate that skin EFA and PG may have a critical role in the completeness of penetration by cercariae through the skin, although it is not clear whether cercarial or host PG are involved in the penetration response. PMID- 6512633 TI - Ingestion of dye by the sexes of Trichostrongylus colubriformis. AB - Trichostrongylus colubriformis ingested the fluorescent dye, Rhodamine B, while feeding in vivo and in vitro. Ingestion by females of T. colubriformis in vivo significantly exceeded that of males from 15 to 30 days of infection. However, the rate of ingestion declined linearly in both sexes as the helminths' age increased. Uptake of dye in vitro was dependent on time and concentration. Ingestion by the sexes of T. colubriformis in vitro increased significantly with elevated temperature, length of time that the worms were outside the host, decreasing concentrations of salt in the incubation medium and acidic pH's. In vitro ingestion was similar in light or dark conditions. Saturation of the medium with oxygen or nitrogen/carbon dioxide significantly increased or decreased, respectively, ingestion by helminths. Uptake of dye by T. colubriformis decreased significantly in groups when nematodes were increased from 250 to 1,000 worms of a single sex in 2 ml of medium. In females there was a similar decrease in single or mixed-sex groups containing more than 500 worms while ingestion by males in mixed-sex groups was significantly less than in groups containing only males. PMID- 6512634 TI - Loss of surface coat by Strongyloides ratti infective larvae during skin penetration: evidence using larvae radiolabelled with 67gallium. AB - The optimal conditions for labelling infective larvae of Strongyloides ratti with 67gallium citrate were determined. Radiolabelled larvae were injected s.c. into normal and previously infected rats. The distribution of radioactivity in these animals was compared with that in rats infected subcutaneously with a similar dose of free 67Ga by using a gamma camera linked to a computer system. Whereas free 67Ga was distributed throughout the body and excreted via the hepatobiliary system, the bulk of radioactivity in rats injected with radiolabelled larvae remained at the injection sites. Direct microscopical examination of these sites, however, revealed only minimal numbers of worms. When rats were infected percutaneously with radiolabelled larvae, it was found that most radioactivity remained at the surface, despite penetration of worms. When infective larvae were exposed to CO2 in vitro and examined carefully by light microscopy, loss of an outer coat was observed. It was concluded that infective larvae lose an outer coat on skin penetration. PMID- 6512635 TI - Subcellular localization of photoreactive ethidium analogs in Trypanosoma brucei by fluorescence microscopy. AB - To identify the in vivo targets of the trypanocide, ethidium bromide, the fluorescent staining of T. brucei was examined for a series of ethidium analogs using fluorescence microscopy. Determination of the biological targets for most drugs is limited by the reversible nature of their interactions. To overcome this limitation, photoaffinity (azido) analogs of ethidium, which are capable of covalent attachment with photoactivation, were used to identify the ethidium binding sites within the parasites. Two of these compounds, when covalently attached, demonstrated an enhancement of fluorescent staining and were selective for the kinetoplast at low drug concentrations. These compounds were also those found previously to have the highest trypanocidal activity. Propidium, a phenanthridinium analog identical to ethidium except for a larger, more ionic substitution at R5, showed more nonspecific binding as determined by its general staining of the cytoplasm. PMID- 6512636 TI - Ultrastructural observations on fertilization and sporulation in Goussia iroquoina (Molnar and Fernando, 1974) in experimentally infected fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas, Cyprinidae). AB - The ultrastructural features of fertilization and sporogony of Eimeria iroquoina are described from the intestinal epithelium of experimentally infected fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas). Intact microgametes were observed in the cytoplasm of macrogametes. Within immature macrogametes the microgamete was segregated from the cytoplasm of the former by the plasma membrane of each cell plus additional membranes. Within mature macrogametes, only the plasma membranes separated the gametes. Fertilization by fusion of the limiting membrane of both gametes occurred after the entire microgamete lay within the cytoplasm of the macrogamete. The cytoplasm of the zygote cleaved into sporoblasts within cisternae of endoplasmic reticulum. The sporocystic wall was composed of an outer electron-lucent layer and an inner, thicker layer with periodic striations at right angles to the surface of the sporocyst. The sporocysts were bivalved and joined by a continuous suture. The sporozoites were morphologically similar to sporozoites and merozoites of other Coccidia. Due to the structure of the sporocyst, Eimeria iroquoina Molnar and Fernando, 1974 is amended to Goussia iroquoina (Molnar and Fernando, 1974). PMID- 6512637 TI - The elaboration of the acanthor shell of Acanthosentis acanthuri (Acanthocephala). AB - The periembryonic envelopes of an Eoacanthocephala Acanthosentis acanthuri and their elaboration during embryogenesis are, for the first time, described in this study. In studying the evolution of the "fertilization membrane" in particular, it became evident that slight modifications occur and then the "fertilization membrane derivative" is gradually pushed towards the exterior by the new envelopes secreted by the developing embryo. It therefore forms the outermost envelope surrounding the mature acanthor. In A. acanthuri, a series of more "true" envelopes composed of solid material and separated by fluid granular spaces were observed around the acanthor. A nomenclature is proposed in order to make a clear distinction between the envelopes (E1-E4) and the granular spaces (G1-G4). PMID- 6512639 TI - Population dynamics across selected habitat variables of the helminth community in coyotes, Canis latrans, from south Texas. AB - The effects of selected intrinsic variables operating on host subpopulations and of extrinsic variables across the collective host population on the distributions of 10 common helminth species from coyotes in south Texas were compared. The intrinsic variables of host sex and presence and severity of sarcoptic mange had little effect on the distributions of most helminth species. The combined influences of (1) seasonal changes across the collective host population and (2) host subpopulations delineated by age were responsible for the overdispersed distributions of Oncicola canis, Physaloptera rara, and Protospirura numidica. Overdispersion in Ancylostoma caninum, Alaria marcianae, and Spirocerca lupi populations resulted almost exclusively from the heterogeneity of factors contributing to their rates of establishment, survival, and reproduction as generated across host age subpopulations. Aggregated abundances of A. caninum and A. marcianae occurred in young hosts, but were cumulative in older animals infected with S. lupi. The hypothesis that heterogeneity within the host population, rather than across the collective host population, is the main factor generating overdispersion in natural populations was confirmed for only 3 of 10 helminth species (A. caninum, A. marcianae, and S. lupi). The effects of extrinsic factors operating across the collective host population appeared to be equal to, or in some instances of greater importance than, these forces operating over host subpopulations in determining the dispersion patterns of some helminth species (O. canis, P. rara, and P. numidica). The distributions of Taenia pisiformis, Mesocestoides lineatus, Oslerus osleri, and Toxascaris leonina were not affected, or only minimally influenced, by these intrinsic or extrinsic variables. The effects of these habitat variables on dispersion patterns are highly correlated with the life cycle and mode of transmission of the respective helminth species. PMID- 6512638 TI - Ultrastructural morphology of the nerve cells in the cerebral ganglion of the Acanthocephalan Moniliformis moniliformis. AB - The morphology of the cerebral ganglion of the Acanthocephalan Moniliformis moniliformis was studied in serial sections using electron microscopy. The organization of the cerebral ganglion was typical of other invertebrates with the cell bodies forming a rind, 1 cell thick, and their processes forming the central core of the neuropile. The ganglion was surrounded by a connective tissue capsule composed of collagen-like fibrils. Externally, the free surface of the cell bodies was covered by an electron-dense extracellular lamina. Seventy-six cells were identified in every ganglion examined and, on the basis of their cellular characteristics, they were divided into 5 distinct cell types, classified as type A, B, C, D and E cells. The characteristic morphological features of each cell type have been described, and the distribution of the different cell types in the cerebral ganglion was mapped. PMID- 6512641 TI - The subgenus Persicargas (Ixodoidea: Argasidae: Argas): A. (P.) arboreus central nervous system anatomy and histology. AB - The anatomy and histology of the adult Argas (Persicargas) arboreus central nervous system are described and compared with these properties in other ticks. The single, integrated, central nerve mass (CNM) is formed by a fused supra esophageal part (protocerebrum, cheliceral ganglia, palpal ganglia, and stomodeal pons) and a subesophageal part (4 pairs of pedal ganglia and the complex opisthosomatic ganglion). Single peripheral nerves (pharyngeal and recurrent) and paired peripheral nerves (compound protocerebral, cheliceral, palpal, pedal and opisthosomatic) extend from the CNM to body organs and appendages. Optic nerves, described in other Argas species, are not found in A. (P.) arboreus. Histologically, the CNM is enclosed by a thin-walled periganglionic blood sinus and invested by a collagenous neural lamella followed by a perineurial layer composed of glial cells and containing fine reticular spaces, a cortical layer of association, motor and neurosecretory cell bodies and glial cells, and inner neuropile regions of fiber tracts forming 5 horizontal levels of connectives and commissures. PMID- 6512640 TI - The intestinal mast cell response to Trichinella spiralis infection in mast cell deficient w/wv mice. AB - The intestinal mast cell response and lymphoblast activity, as measured by the incorporation of 3H-thymidine into mesenteric lymph node cells (MLN) of WBB6F1 w/wv(w/wv) mice, their normal congenic littermates (+/+) and C57BL/6J mice, were compared after infection with Trichinella spiralis. Marked and similar blast cell activity and an increase in number of cells were observed in the MLN of infected w/wv and C57BL/6J mice 7 and 15 days P.I. In contrast to C57BL/6J mice, primary T. spiralis intestinal infections were prolonged in w/wv mice and more muscle larvae were recovered from w/wv mice 29 days post-infection. In C57BL/6J mice mucosal mast cell (MMC) numbers increased on day 7 P.I. whereas in w/wv mice these cells did not increase significantly until day 15 post-infection, reaching a peak on day 22. In w/wv mice, the response to secondary infection as determined by an accelerated expulsion of adult worms did not occur until day 11 postchallenge whereas in +/+ and C57BL/6J mice worm expulsion was nearly complete at that time. In both primary and secondary infections, the MMC numbers in w/wv mice were significantly lower than in C57BL/6J or +/+ mice. The results suggest that prolongation of T. spiralis infection in w/wv mice is associated with delayed appearance of mast cells in the intestinal mucosa which may reflect slow generation of the intestinal inflammatory response. PMID- 6512642 TI - Trypanosoma danilewskyi: host specificity and host's effect on morphometrics. AB - Carassius auratus, Barbus conhus, Danio malabaricus, Catostomus commersoni, Notropis cornutus, Etheostoma caeruleum, and Ictalurus nebulosus were susceptible to Trypanosoma danilewskyi by intraperitoneal inoculation. Trypanosomes isolated from all species of susceptible fishes were infective to goldfish. No trypanosomes were detected in inoculated Semotilus atromaculatus, Ambloplites rupestris, Lepomis gibbosus and Perca flavescens. Fifty specimens were measured from each of 3 C. auratus, 2 B. conhus, 2 C. auratus inoculated with an isolate from a C. commersoni, 2 C. commersoni, and 2 E. caeruleum, for statistical analyses. The distance of the kinetoplast from the posterior end, length of free flagellum, nuclear length, and area of nucleus were similar among samples from the same host but differed significantly among samples from different host species. After discriminate analysis, samples from goldfish clustered into a tight group while those from the other fishes formed a loose cluster along the first canonical axis. Using the jacknife method of correct classification, 93% of trypanosomes from C. auratus, 36% from C. commersoni, 61% from C. commersoni-C. auratus, 25% from B. conhus, and 40% from E. caeruleum, could be correctly assigned to host species. However, only 1% of trypanosomes from C. commersoni would be classified as coming from C. auratus, 4% for C. commersoni-C. auratus, 0% for B. conhus, and 7% for E. caeruleum. PMID- 6512643 TI - Pathology of larval Eustrongylides in the rabbit. AB - Three fishermen from Maryland who swallowed live bait-minnows developed severe abdominal pain within 24 hr; 2 required abdominal surgery. Larvae of the nematode Eustrongylides sp. were found in the peritoneal cavity of both (Guerin et al., 1982). In the current study, the lesions produced by Eustrongylides larvae were investigated in New Zealand white rabbits. None of these exhibited any signs of clinical illness; however, postmortem examination within 24 hr of inoculation revealed that larvae had migrated through the walls of the esophagus and stomach and viable larvae were recovered from the pleural and peritoneal cavities as well as from gastric contents. Necropsies performed at different intervals of time postinoculation showed that the migrating larvae had produced multi-focal peritonitis and multiple granulomata in the liver. PMID- 6512644 TI - Protozoan nomina dubia: to arbitrarily restrict or replace. The case of Sarcocystis spp. PMID- 6512645 TI - Schistosoma leiperi Le Roux, 1955 from a Bushbuck in Uganda. PMID- 6512646 TI - The effect of sulphaquinoxaline on the feeding and breeding performance of the tick Rhipicephalus appendiculatus Neumann (Acarina: Ixodidae). PMID- 6512647 TI - Susceptibility of a male mosquito to malaria. PMID- 6512648 TI - Description of a third-stage larva, Terranova type Hawaii A (Nematoda: Anisakinae), from Hawaiian fishes. PMID- 6512649 TI - Leishmania mexicana pifanoi: antigenic characterization of promastigote and amastigote stages by solid phase radioimmunoassay. PMID- 6512651 TI - Morphological differences in Trichuris ovis associated with different host species. PMID- 6512650 TI - In vitro cultivation of Trypanosoma (T.) brucei bloodstream forms using cell lines and sera from African wild Bovidae. PMID- 6512652 TI - Echinococcus multilocularis in Wisconsin. PMID- 6512653 TI - Hybridization studies of Angiostrongylus siamensis Ohbayashi, Kamiya and Bhaibulaya, 1979 and A. costaricensis Morera and Cespedes, 1971. PMID- 6512654 TI - Experimental infection of Lymnaea glabra and L. truncatula by Fasciola hepatica. PMID- 6512655 TI - PDA particulate matter panel discussion--an industry perspective. PMID- 6512656 TI - Smith Kline & French Laboratories, Philadelphia, Pa. Sterile Operations facility. PMID- 6512657 TI - Endotoxin contamination of parenteral drugs and radiopharmaceuticals as determined by the limulus amebocyte lysate method. PMID- 6512658 TI - Solubility concepts and their applications to the formulation of pharmaceutical systems. Part I. Theoretical foundations. PMID- 6512659 TI - Fibrin generation during the diabetic pregnancy. AB - Fibrin catabolism was measured during the pregnancy of insulin-dependent diabetic women in both a longitudinal and cross sectional fashion. Samples of maternal peripheral venous blood were obtained in 20 pregnant diabetic women between 26 and 38 weeks' gestational age. Fibrinopeptide A, the first peptide cleaved from fibrinogen during thrombin-mediated catabolism, was measured by radioimmunoassay. Intra-assay and interassay variation for fibrinopeptide A in this laboratory were 2% and 4% respectively. Antithrombin III activity was determined by the method of Odegaard. The patients ranged from 23 to 36 years. Overall blood glucose control was good as reflected in near-normal HbA1 fasting plasma glucose values. The mean HbA1 +/- 1 standard deviation was 7.1% +/- 1.2%. The mean fasting plasma glucose concentration was 101.9 mg% +/- 21.5 mg%. Mean FPA for the diabetic women exceeded control values at each gestational period. Significant differences were found in four of the seven intervals. While the highest FPA was noted in a patient with advanced diabetic vasculopathy, exclusion of this patient did not alter the overall findings. The findings were striking and suggest the need for a prospective study designed to account for White's classification of diabetes and the degree of glucose control. Because complications of the diabetic pregnancy include an increased risk of hypertension in the mother and sudden, unexplained fetal loss, two complications associated with abnormal clotting, the increase in fibrin catabolism in patients in tight metabolic control would suggest that events other than glucose regulation impact upon fibrin catabolism and possibly pregnancy outcome in the diabetic mother. PMID- 6512660 TI - Plasma angiotensin II and blood pressure changes during dietary sodium manipulation. AB - The renin-angiotensin system and dietary sodium have been repeatedly implicated in the pathogenesis of pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH). Mechanisms responsible for increased vascular responsiveness to angiotensin II (A-II) observed in PIH are not completely understood. Plasma A-II levels and blood pressure are functions of sodium balance in the non-pregnant state, but less is known about their relationship during gestation. Plasma levels of A-II increase in normal pregnancy, but the reported levels of this pressor substance circulating in subjects with PIH are in conflict. The pregnant rabbit demonstrates several conditions similar to those found in pregnant human subjects. We used this model to study the effects of dietary sodium manipulation on plasma levels of A-II and mean arterial pressure during late pregnancy in 30 chronically prepared New Zealand white rabbits. The animals were 24 to 28 days gestation (term 30 +/- 1 day). All animals were maintained on 1 of 3 diets for 8 days prior to operation and for the duration of the investigation: 10 were fed Purina regular chow (0.4% sodium), and permitted to drink 0.9% saline, 10 were fed trace-sodium diet (Purina 5881-R) and deionized water ad libitum; and 10 were continued on tap water and regular rabbit chow (0.4% sodium) and served as controls. Urines were collected for 24 hours prior to surgery for sodium determination. An indwelling catheter was placed in the carotid artery for blood pressure recording and blood sampling. After a 20 minute stabilization period, mean arterial pressure was repeatedly recorded and blood samples were obtained for determination of A-II levels and sodium concentration.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6512662 TI - The neonatal significance of selected perinatal events among infants of low birthweight--III. Follow-up studies. AB - 78 babies weighing less than 1500 gm at birth, surviving the neonatal period and available for follow-up, were studied. Data pertaining to perinatal events previously reported were correlated with neurological outcome over a 6-30 month period of evaluation. Motor abnormalities were found to correlate with the presence of meconium and the occurrence of rapid delivery. Mental handicap correlated inversely with hypocalcemia and birthweight. Overall score correlated with meconium and inversely with labor intolerance. These events were the only ones of a host of factors discovered by stepwise discriminant analysis among many maternal-fetal and neonatal variables. The importance of these observations is speculative. PMID- 6512661 TI - Shoulder-out immersion in pregnant women. AB - In the laboratory, water immersion or lower body positive pressure produces significant diuresis and natriuresis. Shoulder-out immersion appeared to induce significant diuresis and natriuresis in 42 pregnant women who were exercising in swimming pools. Lower body positive pressure (pressure calf sleeves) or Hubbard tanks (bathtubs) was not associated with increased renal function. In selected pregnant women with abnormal water distribution, shoulder-out immersion may prove to be effective therapy. PMID- 6512663 TI - Effect of myo-inositol on the glycerophospholipid composition of adult and fetal rat lung tissue. AB - In many species including man, the second most abundant lipid in lung surfactant is phosphatidylglycerol (PG) which may comprise 10% of the total lipid in surfactant from mature lungs. Infants delivered before their surfactant contained a large amount of PG are at greater risk of succumbing to hyaline membrane disease. Regulation of the PG content of lung surfactant is not understood completely, but the reciprocal changes in the amount of phosphatidylinositol (PI) and PG in surfactant as the lung mature are suggestive of regulation at the level of a common precursor. The immediate common precursor of PI and PG is CDP diacylglycerol which is found in only small amounts in most mammalian cells and likely restricts the biosynthesis of both PI and PG. It has been observed in several species that the enzymes that synthesize PI and PG compete for the limited amount of CPD-diacylglycerol and this competition is influenced by the availability of myo-inositol. We and others have presented evidence that myo inositol availability in the developing lung may be an important factor in the regulation of lung surfactant composition. In the present investigation, myo inositol was administered chronically to nonpregnant and to pregnant rats and the effect of this treatment on the glycerophospholipid composition of lung tissue and lung lavage was measured. In addition, the influence of myo-inositol administration to pregnant rats on the glycerophospholipid composition of lung tissue of their fetuses was investigated. The concentration of myo-inositol in adult and fetal blood was measured by gas-liquid chromatography of its trimethylsilyl derivative. For determination of glycerophospholipid composition, the total lipid extracts of lung tissues and lung lavage were separated by 2 dimensional thin-layer chromatography and quantified by lipid phosphorus assay of individual spots. The concentration of myo-inositol in the serum of pregnant rats was significantly higher than in nonpregnant rats (Tab. I, Fig. 1). Treatment of the rats with myo-inositol resulted in a significant elevation of serum concentrations of myo-inositol throughout the experimental period. Between day 18 and day 21 of the gestation there was a significant decrease in serum myo inositol concentrations in fetuses of saline treated rats. Treatment of the pregnant dams with myo-inositol resulted in a significant elevation in fetal serum concentrations of myo-inositol on both day 18 and day 21 of gestation (Tab. I).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6512664 TI - Human maternal-fetal lactate relationships. AB - This study attempts to determine the major source of lactate in the normal and in the depressed human fetus, in order to assess the applicability of fetal blood lactate measurement for the evaluation of fetal stress during labor. We obtained umbilical arterial and venous blood samples at delivery in 132 liveborn infants, together with simultaneous maternal radial arterial samples. All samples were analyzed immediately for pH, blood gases, and lactate. In vigorous newborns (1 minute Apgar score greater than or equal to 7), umbilical arterial and venous lactate levels were lowest with elective cesarean section done before the onset of labor, higher with cesarean section performed during labor, and highest at the time of vaginal delivery (p less than 0.001, Tab. I). Fetal lactate levels were also significantly higher than maternal levels in vigorous newborns (p less than 0.01), the lactate difference between umbilical artery and maternal artery being lowest with elective cesarean section, higher with cesarean section performed during labor, and highest with vaginal delivery (p less than 0.02, Tab. II). Depressed newborns (1-minute Apgar score less than 7) had higher umbilical lactates and higher fetal-maternal lactate differences than vigorous newborns (p less than 0.01, Tab. III). Our results indicate that the blood lactate levels in both mother and fetus increase with labor and reach their highest values at the time of vaginal delivery. The lactate levels are highest in the umbilical artery, lower in the umbilical vein, and lowest in the maternal artery before the onset of labor.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6512665 TI - [Comparative rheological study of different varieties of lactose. II. Flowability of these materials with a shear cell of the Jenike type]. PMID- 6512666 TI - [Semi-synthetic cardiotonics of digitalis and new synthetic positive inotropic agents]. PMID- 6512668 TI - [Microcrystallographic identification of a tuberculostatic: ethambutol, 2HCl]. PMID- 6512667 TI - [Toxic substances sought in sneezing powders]. PMID- 6512669 TI - [Monoclonal antibodies and the targeting of drugs]. PMID- 6512670 TI - [Drosera peltata and the standardization of drosera tincture]. PMID- 6512671 TI - [The pharmacist faces the future: the evolution of North American pharmacy, a utopia or a source of inspiration]. PMID- 6512672 TI - [Variations in risk factors in the use of drugs]. PMID- 6512673 TI - [Reactions and interactions of drugs]. PMID- 6512674 TI - Effects of diltiazem on plasma and tissue digoxin levels in mice. AB - Effects of diltiazem hydrochloride (DTZ) on digoxin (DX) concentrations in plasma and tissues (brain, heart, liver, and kidney) were studied in mice, and the effects were compared with those of quinidine sulfate (QD). When DX (0.2 mg/kg) was coadministered with DTZ (60 mg/kg) orally for 5 d to mice, plasma DX concentrations were increased significantly as with QD (100 mg/kg). Tissue DX concentrations were also increased in brain, heart, and liver. However, the DX tissue/plasma concentration (T/P) ratios for brain, heart, and kidney were rather decreased with DTZ or QD. The increased plasma and tissue DX concentrations and the decreased T/P ratios with DTZ might be responsible for both the displacement of tissue DX binding and reduced DX elimination as with QD. PMID- 6512675 TI - Relationship between the anti-inflammatory effects and intrapleural accumulations of anti-inflammatory drugs in rats carrageenin pleurisy. AB - We simultaneously determined the time course of the anti-exudative effects of three types of anti-inflammatory drug and their concentrations in serum and pleural exudate in carrageenin-induced pleurisy in rats. Dexamethasone (DM, steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, 0.1 mg/kg, p.o.) in spite of the gradual decline of DM concentration in the pleural exudate with time and its actual loss at 16 h after carrageenin, showed an anti-exudative effect throughout the period of testing after carrageenin which was more marked in the relatively late phase than in the relatively early phase. Mepirizole (MP, non-acidic, non-steroidal antiinflammatory drug, 100 mg/kg, p.o.) showed an anti-exudative effect only at 3 h after carrageenin and not thereafter, although MP concentration in exudate was the same between 3 and 6 h after carrageenin and then declined gradually. Ketoprofen (KP, acidic, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, 1 mg/kg, p.o.) showed an anti-exudative effect for 6 h after carrageenin and not thereafter, while KP concentration in exudate reached the peak at 3 h after carrageenin and then declined with time. However, at the relatively late phase (10 h after carrageenin) the twice administration of KP resulted in an increase in its exudate concentration enough to show an anti-inflammatory effect, but did not result in any more anti-exudative effect than the single administration of KP. Therefore, these differences in the anti-exudative effects of three types of anti inflammatory drug can not be explained by the change in their concentrations in the inflamed tissue, but may reflect the difference in their intrinsic anti inflammatory activities. The anti-inflammatory drugs accumulated in the inflamed pleural cavity independently of their ability to bind to plasma proteins, because the ratio of concentrations of three types of drug in exudate to those in serum were similar in spite of marked differences in protein binding capacities among these drugs. PMID- 6512676 TI - Increased availability of propranolol in rats with uranyl nitrate-induced acute renal failure. AB - The effect of acute renal failure (ARF) on the pharmacokinetics of propranolol was investigated. The model of ARF was produced by the subcutaneous injection of uranyl nitrate to rats (10 mg/kg) and was used 3 d after treatment. Uranyl nitrate-treated rats showed significantly higher plasma concentrations of propranolol after oral administration and the area under the plasma concentration time curve increased about 3-fold compared to control rats. The plasma disappearance of propranolol after intravenous administration did not differ significantly between control and ARF. The mean availability of propranolol after oral administration increased from 0.120 in control to 0.215 in ARF (p less than 0.005). Absorption of propranolol was almost complete and no significant difference was found between two groups. No changes in plasma protein binding of propranolol and hepatic blood flow were observed in ARF. On the other hand, hepatic clearance of propranolol determined by liver perfusion studies showed a significant reduction in ARF and the calculated intrinsic clearance of unbound propranolol at a dose of 6.25 mg was 26.8 +/- 2.3 ml/min in control and 16.0 +/- 2.3 ml/min in ARF (p less than 0.01). These results demonstrate that the oral availability of propranolol increased in ARF due to a reduction in the hepatic presystemic elimination as compared to healthy control rats. PMID- 6512677 TI - A novel method to predict the elimination half-lives and the renal excretion mechanisms of cephalosporins. AB - A novel method was proposed to predict the elimination half-lives of cephalosporins from plasma protein binding (unbound fraction, f) and fraction of the dose excreted into urine (f*) on the basis of the following four assumptions. 1) The drug is only distributed to the extracellular fluid, 2) the bound fraction of the drug in plasma is independent of the plasma drug concentration, 3) the binding protein of the drug is albumin, 4) the unbound drug in plasma is excreted by the glomerular filtration and the contribution of active secretion and reabsorption is negligible. The VSS's and t1/2 beta's of MT-141, one of cephalosporins, in rabbits, dogs and healthy human subjects were well predicted, whereas in rats, the prediction of the both values was failed. The t1/2 beta's of various cephalosporins in healthy subjects were calculated from f and f*, in reasonably good agreement with the observed ones, except for some cephalosporins which have been reported to be secreted actively in the renal tubules. Thus, the comparison of the calculated t1/2 beta's with the observed ones makes it possible to presume the renal excretion mechanism. Moreover, this method will be applicable to other drugs which satisfy the above four assumptions. PMID- 6512678 TI - Tissue distribution of hydrazine and its metabolites in rats. AB - The tissue distribution and the urinary excretion of hydrazines, hydrazine, acetylhydrazine and 1,2-diacetylhydrazine, were determined by mass fragmentography using a gas chromatography-mass spectrometer equipped with a multiple ion detector-peak matcher. Using the compounds labeled with a stable isotope as an internal standard, namely the isotope dilution method, made it possible to estimate trace amounts of hydrazine and its metabolites in the tissues. Significantly high levels of all hydrazines were detected in the kidney. Especially, acetylhydrazine, a metabolite of hydrazine, accumulated to a great extent in the kidney. Free hydrazine which was liberated from acetylhydrazine was detected both in the tissues and in the urine after the administration of acetylhydrazine. This demonstrates clearly that the metabolic pathway between hydrazine and acetylhydrazine is reversible. PMID- 6512679 TI - Phosphorus-free antihypertensive lipid from dog peritoneal dialysate, Peritoneal Dialysate Depressor-II. AB - A phosphorus-free lipid with a transient antihypertensive effect was found in a dog peritoneal dialysate by a modified procedure. On silicic acid chromatography of the crude extract, a new hypotensive factor and a new hypertensive factor were separated besides the known antihypertensive phospholipid resembling lysolecithin (Peritoneal dialysate depressor-I). The new antihypertensive factor was purified almost completely by gel filtration on a Sephadex LH-20 column, and found to contain no phosphorus. It was tentatively named Peritoneal Dialysate Depressor II. The main spot detected on preparative thin-layer chromatography by charring with ethanolic sulfuric acid reagent was found to be responsible for the antihypertensive action. This factor caused a sharp decrease in systemic arterial blood pressure of rats, cats and guinea pigs when injected into the femoral vein. There was no significant change in the heart rate during this hypotension. The hypotensive activity was not affected by previous treatment of the rats or guinea pigs with antimuscarinic, antihistaminic, beta-adrenergic-blocking or ganglionic blocking agents. The antihypertensive effect of the factor was unaffected on rats pretreated with yohimbine, indomethacin or theophylline. In spinal or reserpinized rats, no detectable reduction of the depressor activity was observed. The factor did not affect isolated guinea pig ileum. Its depressor activity was not changed significantly by its treatment with proteases. No prostaglandin E or F series compounds were detected in the preparation by fluorometric assay with 15-hydroxyprostanoate oxido-reductase and resazurin. The hypotensive factor caused no aggregation of cat or rabbit platelets.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6512680 TI - Epileptogenic activity induced by intravenous injection of certain cephalosporins in rats. AB - Epileptogenic activity induced by intravenous injection of certain cephalosporin derivatives was studied. Ceftezole provided the most potent epileptogenic activity among the drugs tested. Changes in seizure patterns on electroencephalogram (EEG) tracings and behavioral signs after administration of cefotiam and cefazolin were similar to those seen after ceftezole, though the intensity and duration were less than those of ceftezole. Cephacetrile and cephaloridine elicited the spiking activity in the frontal cortex and the other regions without apparent behavioral changes. Latamoxef and cefmenoxime displayed a weak epileptogenic activity at a dose of 1000 mg/kg. On the other hand, cephapirin, cefmetazole and cefoxitin did not evoke any changes in EEG nor in behavior. Penicillin G at a dose of 200 mg/kg affected spike or spike-and-wave complex in a few cases, but at a dose of 500 mg/kg the animals died of dyspnea almost immediately after injection without showing apparent epileptogenic signs. These results suggest that some of cephalosporins such as ceftezole, cefotiam, cephacetrile and cefazolin provide epileptogenic activity at higher doses. PMID- 6512681 TI - Effect of a monoclonal anti-carcinoembryonic antigen antibody-ricin A-chain conjugate on human carcinoembryonic antigen-producing tumor cells. AB - For the development of therapeutic agents that are coupled to tumor specific carriers, an artificial protein hybrid conjugate (immunotoxin) containing monoclonal anti-carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) antibody which binds specifically to the cell surface of CEA-producing tumor cells and a toxic subunit of ricin (A chain) was prepared. This conjugate exerted strong cytotoxicity specifically toward CEA-producing tumor cells in vitro. In vivo, it has anti-tumor effects on ascitic tumor cells, and on free tumor cells before the solid tumor has been established. However, for the established solid tumor, a significant decrease of tumor growth was not seen even after repeated intravenous administrations of the antibody-ricin A-chain conjugate. Furthermore, the conjugate was found to be stable in both mouse and human serum in vitro, but after intravenous injection, it was inactivated in vivo quickly. PMID- 6512682 TI - A laminar flow absorption model for a carrier-mediated transport in the intestinal tract. AB - A laminar flow absorption model for a carrier-mediated transport was developed to analyze the data of the intestinal single perfusion experiment. By using this model, we calculated the absorption rate and the concentration of the substance (drug) at the aqueous-intestinal membrane interface (cwall). The absorption rate was smaller than that predicted by the Michaelis Menten equation, using the concentration at the inlet (c0). The apparent Michaelis constant (Km,app) was larger than the true Michaelis constant (Km), if the data were analyzed by using the simulation curve of the absorption rate vs. c0 as the usual method. This is because cwall was smaller than c0. But the maximal transport velocity (Vmax) was little affected, because cwall became almost equal to c0 when c0 was high. By using this model, we can determine the values of Vmax and Km which are not biased by the unstirred water layer in the intestinal tract. PMID- 6512683 TI - Adapting to the stigmatizing label of mental illness: foregone but not forgotten. AB - In a study ostensibly about memory ability, a condition was created experimentally in which half of the subjects believed that they were participating in the study with mental patients and half believed they were participating with physical injury patients. Behavioral measures of each subject were made as well as having the subjects give self-reports of their perceptions of the other people who were in the study. The results indicated that the label of mental illness was stigmatizing even in the absence of bizarre behaviors. Although subjects interacted with the mental patients normally when in the adaptively unimportant waiting room situation, the subjects scored higher on the adaptively significant memory test when participating in the study with "mental patients." The discussion included consideration for stigma theory, for social adaptation, and for community placement programs. PMID- 6512684 TI - Interpersonal aggression and the type A coronary-prone behavior pattern: a theoretical distinction and practical implications. AB - Past research suggests that Type As are more aggressive than Type Bs. However, little is known about the nature of that aggression. The present two studies investigated the theoretical distinction between hostile aggression and instrumental aggression and examined the practical implications of this distinction. Study 1 used a modified version of the Buss teacher-learner procedure that allowed the isolation of hostile from instrumental acts. Results indicated that a prior task frustration produced greater aggression by Type As than Type Bs but only under conditions where the aggressive act could not affect a confederate's immediate performance (i.e., hostile aggression). Study 2 examined the representation of Type As and Type Bs among perpetrators of intrafamily violence. Results indicated that Type As were more likely than Type Bs to exhibit the extreme hostility found in child abuse. Both studies suggest that a lack of control may underlie the greater aggression displayed by Type As than Type Bs. PMID- 6512685 TI - Intimations of mortality: integrative simplification as a precursor of death. AB - This article tested the hypothesis that a "terminal drop" in cognitive functioning occurs a few years prior to death. Letters written during the last 10 years of life were selected from the published correspondence of 18 eminent individuals and scored for integrative complexity--a variable which is related to the degree of integration and differentiation in information processing. The overall analysis supported the terminal drop hypothesis. The predicted decline in complexity was found during the five years prior to death among subjects who died of protracted illness or old age but only in the year immediately prior to death among subjects who died suddenly. There was no relation between complexity and age; the mean complexity scores of men were higher than those of women. The theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed. PMID- 6512686 TI - Temporal stability and cross-situational consistency of affective, behavioral, and cognitive responses. AB - Consistency and stability of feelings were examined in reports that were completed on 3,512 occasions randomly sampled from the lives of 42 subjects. The stability and consistency of responses depended on the situations, individuals, and responses involved. High degrees of consistency were unusual for single responses, although mean levels of responding tended to be both highly stable and consistent. The consistency and stability of variables covaried, suggesting a connective between the two. Persons who were more consistent across one pair of situations tended to be more consistent across other situational pairs. The results indicate that the question of whether personality consistency exists does not have a simple answer, and requires knowledge of the persons, situations, responses, and level of analysis involved. PMID- 6512687 TI - Corrective reactions to stumbling in man: neuronal co-ordination of bilateral leg muscle activity during gait. AB - Electromyogram (e.m.g.) responses of lower leg muscles, and corresponding movements were studied following a perturbation of the limb during walking, produced by either (a) a randomly timed, short acceleration or decelerating impulse applied to the treadmill, or (b) a unilateral triceps surae contraction induced by tibial nerve stimulation. Bilateral e.m.g. responses following the perturbation were specific for the mode of perturbation and depended on the phase of the gait cycle in which the perturbation occurred. Treadmill deceleration evoked a bilateral tibialis anterior activation; acceleration evoked an ipsilateral gastrocnemius and contralateral tibialis anterior activation (latency in either condition and on both sides was 65-75 ms, duration about 150 ms). Tibial nerve stimulation at the beginning of a stance phase, was followed by an ipsilateral tibialis anterior activation; during the swing phase it was followed by an ipsilateral tibialis anterior and contralateral gastrocnemius activation (latency about 90 ms, duration about 100 ms). These patterns differed from the response seen after a unilateral displacement during static standing, which evoked a bilateral tibialis anterior activation. These early responses were in most cases followed by late ipsilateral responses, but the e.m.g. pattern of the next step cycle was usually unchanged, or affected only at its onset. The e.m.g. responses were unaltered by ischaemic nerve blockade of group I afferents, by training effects or by pre-warning of the onset of perturbation (randomly or self induced). Despite the different e.m.g. responses following a perturbation during gait, the same basic functional mechanism was obviously at work: the early ipsilateral response achieved a repositioning of the displaced foot and leg, while the early contralateral and late ipsilateral responses provided compensation for body displacement. It is suggested that the e.m.g. responses may be mediated predominantly by peripheral information from group II and group III afferents, which modulate the basic motor pattern of spinal interneuronal circuits underlying the respective motor task. PMID- 6512688 TI - Factors influencing threshold of the fundamental electrical response to sinusoidal excitation of human photoreceptors. AB - The amplitude and phase of the fundamental Fourier component of the electroretinogram (e.r.g.) in response to sinusoidally modulated light were studied in the range 7-50 Hz. Sensitivity was best at the lowest frequency. The threshold-frequency relationship divided into two parts. A weak steady background depressed sensitivity of the low, but increased sensitivity of the high, frequency component. At 8 Hz a small test spot was 0.7 log10 units more effective on the most sensitive part of the retina than on the optic disk. On the fovea, it was 0.1-0.2 log10 units less effective than on the disk. The fovea was 0.7 log10 units more sensitive to 25 Hz than the blind spot. Psychophysical and e.r.g. dark adaptation curves were similar, but the former was 10(4) times more sensitive than the latter. Four sets of experiments examined the possibility that the Fourier component of the e.r.g. response at the modulation frequency of 8 Hz during the 'rod' phase of the e.r.g. dark-adaptation curve arose from excitation of rods alone. The only hint of a possible cone contribution was a very small but systematic increase in phase delay with increase in background wave number found while measuring the field sensitivity action spectrum. No suggestion was found that the fundamental Fourier component of threshold e.r.g. responses at the modulation frequency of 25 Hz was influenced by photons absorbed in rods. PMID- 6512689 TI - Total cytoplasmic calcium in relaxed and maximally contracted rabbit portal vein smooth muscle. AB - The concentration of total cytoplasmic Ca in vascular smooth muscle was measured by electron probe microanalysis of strips of rabbit portal anterior mesenteric vein that were rapidly frozen either when relaxed or during a maintained (30 min) maximal contraction stimulated with high K and noradrenaline. Strips were also frozen and analysed after incubation in Ca-free, high-Mg2+ solution. Probe diameters of 0.1-0.2 micron and 1.0-1.5 micron were used to measure, respectively, cytoplasmic and cellular (including stored) Ca. There was a highly significant increase (P less than 0.0005) in cytoplasmic Ca of 1.0 +/- 0.2 (S.D.) mmol Ca/kg dry wt. from 0.8 +/- 0.2 (S.E. of mean) mmol/kg dry wt. (n = 262 spectra, six animals) to 1.8 +/- 0.2 (S.E. of mean) mmol Ca/kg dry wt. (n = 296 spectra, six animals), during maximal contraction. This increase is greater than can be accounted for by Ca binding to calmodulin and to myosin, suggesting the presence of other Ca-binding proteins in smooth muscle. A small amount (0.4-0.6 mmol/kg dry wt.) of cytoplasmic Ca remained after incubation in Ca-free, high Mg2+ EGTA solution. This tightly bound, cytoplasmic Ca is insufficient to account for the total amount of divalent cation known to be bound to F-actin. We conclude that Mg is the major inexchangeably bound cation in F-actin in smooth as in striated muscle. In the contracted muscles, the cellular Ca concentration, measured with the large probes that include Ca stored in the sarcoplasmic reticulum (s.r.), was 3.2 +/- 0.3 (S.E. of mean) mmol Ca/kg dry wt. (n = 93), significantly higher than the cytoplasmic Ca concentration measured with small probes. This value of cellular Ca is probably an underestimate, as the large diameter probes did not cover all of the peripheral s.r. The cellular Ca (measured with large probes) was highest in the contracted and lower in the relaxed tissue, and was significantly reduced in the muscles incubated in Ca-free solution. In contracted muscle, cytoplasmic Mg significantly decreased and mitochondrial Mg increased. In 0 Ca, high-Mg2+ solution, the cytoplasmic Mg increased significantly. Mitochondrial Ca did not significantly change during a maintained contraction, but was significantly lower (0.0 +/- 0.2 (S.E. of mean) mmol Ca/kg dry wt.) after incubation in Ca-free, high-Mg2+ solution than in the relaxed tissue (1.6 +/- 0.2 mmol Ca/kg dry wt.) in normal Ca-containing solution. PMID- 6512690 TI - Spatial and temporal contrast sensitivities of neurones in lateral geniculate nucleus of macaque. AB - The discharges of single neurones in the parvocellular and magnocellular laminae of the macaque's lateral geniculate nucleus (l.g.n.) were recorded with glass insulated tungsten micro-electrodes. Linearity of spatial summation was examined using the test devised by Hochstein & Shapley (1976). 2 of 272 parvocellular units and 6 of 105 magnocellular units showed clearly non-linear spatial summation. A quantitative index of non-linearity did not suggest the existence of a distinct 'non-linear' class of magnocellular unit. Spatial contrast sensitivity to moving gratings was measured by a tracking procedure in which contrast was adjusted to elicit a reliable modulation of discharge. With the exception of cells that were driven by blue-sensitive cones, measurements of contrast sensitivity did not reveal distinct subgroups of parvocellular units. All had low sensitivity, and those with receptive fields in the fovea could resolve spatial frequencies of up to 40 cycles deg-1. Magnocellular units had substantially higher sensitivity, but poorer spatial resolution. The higher sensitivities of magnocellular units led to their giving saturated responses to stimuli of high contrast. Responses of parvocellular units were rarely saturated by any stimulus. At any one eccentricity the receptive fields of parvocellular units had smaller centres than did those of magnocellular units. Receptive fields of magnocellular units driven by the ipsilateral eye had larger receptive fields than did those driven by the contralateral eye. Parvocellular units were most sensitive to stimuli modulated at temporal frequencies close to 10 Hz; magnocellular units to stimuli modulated at frequencies nearer 20 Hz. The loss of sensitivity as temporal frequency fell below optimum was more marked in magnocellular than parvocellular units. Changes in temporal frequency altered the shapes of the spatial contrast sensitivity curves of both parvocellular and magnocellular units. These changes could be explained by supposing that centre and surround have different temporal properties, and that the surround is relatively less sensitive to higher temporal frequencies. PMID- 6512691 TI - Chromatic mechanisms in lateral geniculate nucleus of macaque. AB - This paper introduces a new technique for the analysis of the chromatic properties of neurones, and applies it to cells in the lateral geniculate nucleus (l.g.n.) of macaque. The method exploits the fact that for any cell that combines linearly the signals from cones there is a restricted set of lights to which it is equally sensitive, and whose members can be exchanged for one another without evoking a response. Stimuli are represented in a three-dimensional space defined by an axis along which only luminance varies, without change in chromaticity, a 'constant B' axis along which chromaticity varies without changing the excitation of blue-sensitive (B) cones, a 'constant R & G' axis along which chromaticity varies without change in the excitation of red-sensitive (R) or green-sensitive (G) cones. The orthogonal axes intersect at a white point. The isoluminant plane defined by the intersection of the 'constant B' and 'constant R & G' axes contains lights that vary only in chromaticity. In polar coordinates the constant B axis is assigned the azimuth 0-180 deg, and the constant R & G axis the azimuth 90-270 deg. Luminance is expressed as elevation above or below the isoluminant plane (-90 to +90 deg). For any cell that combines cone signals linearly, there is one plane in this space, passing through the white point, that contains all lights that can be exchanged silently. The position of this 'null plane' provides the 'signature' of the cell, and is specified by its azimuth (the direction in which it intersects the isoluminant plane of the stimulus space) and its elevation (its angle of inclination to the isoluminant plane). A colour television receiver was used to produce sinusoidal gratings whose chromaticity and luminance could be modulated along any vector passing through the white point in the space described. The spatial and temporal frequencies of modulation could be varied over a large range. When stimulated by patterns of low spatial and low temporal frequency, two groups of cells in the parvocellular laminae of the l.g.n. were distinguished by the locations of their null planes. The null planes of the larger group were narrowly distributed about an azimuth of 92.6 deg and more broadly about an elevation of 51.5 deg, which suggests that they receive opposed, but not equally balanced, inputs from only R and G cones. These we call R-G cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6512692 TI - A transient outward current related to calcium release and development of tension in elephant seal atrial fibres. AB - Membrane currents and development of tension in atrial trabeculae from elephant seal hearts were studied using a single sucrose-gap voltage-clamp technique. A transient outward current (Ito) was observed with kinetics, voltage and beat dependence, similar to those of tension. Ito had a bell-shaped voltage dependence similar to that of tension and the slow inward current (Isi). Ito, unlike Isi, showed beat dependence quite similar to developed tension. Increases in [Ca]o, frequency of stimulation, and addition of adrenaline enhanced Ito and developed tension. Ito was suppressed by addition of Mn2+, tetracaine, or by depolarizing pre-pulses (to -40 mV for 250 ms). Caffeine at low concentrations (1 mM) blocked beat dependence of Ito. At higher concentrations (greater than 5 mM) caffeine suppressed the activation of Ito, phasic tension, and the second component of the birefringence signal (related to Ca2+-releasing activity of the sarcoplasmic reticulum (s.r.]. Similar to Isi phasic tension and Ito, the voltage dependence of the second component of the birefringence signal was bell-shaped. Our studies suggest that activation of Ito is related to triggered release of Ca2+ from the s.r. which generates the phasic tension. An excitation-contraction coupling scheme is presented which incorporates these findings and suggests that Ito may be responsible for shorter action potentials found in atrial fibres. PMID- 6512693 TI - Is there more than one circadian clock in humans? Evidence from fractional desynchronization studies. AB - Three groups of four healthy volunteers lived in an isolation unit for 24 days. During this time they lived by a clock which, unknown to themselves, ran progressively faster so that, by real time, the 'day' decreased from 24.0 to 22.0 h in length. Throughout this protocol, the subjects lived a regular regimen of sleep, waking and meals based upon their 'local' time clock. They collected regular urine samples that were analysed for a variety of constituents. Rectal temperature was also recorded automatically throughout. The effects of such a protocol upon circadian rhythmicity in these variables were investigated by a variety of techniques including cosinor analysis. The results showed that the temperature rhythm was less able to adjust to a shortening 'day' than were the urinary variables, with the possible exception of potassium; that is, the protocol forced an internal desynchronization to exist between different variables. These results are discussed in terms of both the possibility that more than one internal circadian clock might exist and the direct effect that sleep exerts upon the expression of circadian rhythms. PMID- 6512694 TI - Dorsal root potentials are unchanged in adult rats treated at birth with capsaicin. AB - The possible contribution of non-myelinated afferent fibres (C fibres) to the mechanisms of primary afferent depolarization (p.a.d.) in the spinal cord of the rat has been investigated. Dorsal root potentials (d.r.p.s.) were recorded in the lumbar cord of normal adult rats, of adult rats which had been injected at birth with a solution of capsaicin (50 mgkg-1 s.c.) and of adult rats which had been injected at birth with the drug vehicle only. D.r.p.s were recorded from the dorsal rootlet that entered the spinal cord in the main area of termination of the tibial nerve. The location of this area was assessed by mapping the spinal cord in the rostro-caudal axis while recording cord dorsum potentials evoked by A fibre volleys from the tibial nerve. No differences in peak amplitude, area or time to peak amplitude were observed between the d.r.p.s evoked in control and capsaicin-treated rats by stimulation of the tibial, sural or common peroneal nerves. The relation between the size of incoming A volleys to the spinal cord and the size of the d.r.p.s evoked by them was unaffected by the neonatal capsaicin treatment. Rats treated at birth with capsaicin showed a virtual absence of afferent C fibres as assessed from the lack of C waves in the compound action potentials evoked in each of the three nerves studied after antidromic stimulation of the dorsal roots. The presence of p.a.d. in control and in capsaicin-treated animals was also established using the technique of excitability testing of primary afferent fibres (Wall, 1958). No differences were observed between the p.a.d. recorded in control and in capsaicin-treated animals using this technique. D.r.p.s and p.a.d. (assessed by excitability testing of primary afferent fibres) were of similar magnitude in control and in capsaicin treated rats anaesthetized with either sodium pentobarbitone or urethane. It is concluded that p.a.d. of myelinated afferent fibres produced by incoming volleys in myelinated afferent fibres is not affected by a life-long loss of non myelinated afferent fibres. PMID- 6512695 TI - Ionic currents and charge movements in organ-cultured rat skeletal muscle. AB - The middle of the fibre voltage-clamp technique was used to measure ionic currents and non-linear charge movements in intact, organ-cultured (in vitro denervated) mammalian fast-twitch (rat extensor digitorum longus) muscle fibres. Muscle fibres organ cultured for 4 days can be used as electrophysiological and morphological models for muscles in vivo denervated for the same length of time. Sodium currents in organ-cultured muscle fibres are similar to innervated fibres except that in the temperature range 0-20 degrees C (a) in the steady state, the voltage distribution of inactivation in cultured fibres is shifted negatively some 20 mV; (b) at the same temperature and membrane potential, the time constant of inactivation in cultured fibres is about twice that of innervated fibres. Potassium currents in innervated and cultured fibres at 15 degrees C can be fitted with the Hodgkin-Huxley n variable raised to the second power. Despite the large range we would estimate that the maximum value of the steady-state potassium conductance of cultured fibres is about one-half that of innervated fibres. The estimated maximum amount of charge moved in cultured fibre is about one-third that in innervated fibres. Compared to innervated fibres, culturing doubles the kinetics of the decay phase of charge movement. The possibility of a negative shift of the voltage distribution of charge movements in cultured fibres is discussed. PMID- 6512696 TI - Arsenazo III used as a calcium ion indicator in mouse oocytes. AB - The Ca2+-indicator dye Arsenazo III has been injected into mouse oocytes by intracellular ionophoresis, and the optical absorbance of the injected dye measured using a double-beam microspectrophotometer. The absorbance spectrum shows a broad peak between 565 and 580 nm, with a maximum of 0.020-0.095 in different oocytes. From these values, intracellular dye concentrations were estimated to be 0.1-0.5 mM, although estimated concentrations up to 1.0 mM have been used in later experiments where the dye absorbance was measured only at selected wave-lengths. The transport number for intracellular ionophoresis of the dye has been estimated. The mean value was 0.009 in experiments where the injection current was allowed to cross the cell membrane, but was only 0.0015 when the injection current was balanced by a current of opposite polarity through a second electrode barrel. In oocytes exposed to the mitochondrial uncoupler DNP (2,4-dinitrophenol), the shape of the Arsenazo III absorbance spectrum was found to change. The resulting difference spectra show the peaks at about 610 and 660 nm which are characteristic features of the Arsenazo III Ca2+-difference spectrum. These absorbance changes were not completely reversible on removal of DNP. Changes in the optical absorbance of Arsenazo III have been observed in oocytes injected with Ca2+ by intracellular ionophoresis. Estimated increases of intracellular free [Ca2+], which were of the order of 1 microM and decayed within 30 s, are discussed in relation to the Ca2+-buffering and Ca2+-elimination properties of the oocyte. PMID- 6512697 TI - Adrenal medullary responses to splanchnic nerve stimulation in new-born calves. AB - Right adrenal medullary and various cardiovascular responses to stimulation of the peripheral end of the right splanchnic nerve have been investigated in conscious calves 24-48 h after birth and compared with those obtained previously in older conscious calves. The results show that splanchnic nerve stimulation produces a smaller rise in mean aortic blood pressure and haematocrit in new-born calves than occurs in older animals. The fall in adrenal vascular resistance is also reduced, as is the amount of catecholamine released from the adrenal medulla, at 24-48 h. Although the absolute amounts of adrenaline and noradrenaline released in response to splanchnic nerve stimulation were significantly less in 24-48 h old calves, the ratio (3:2) was the same as that found in 2-5 week old animals and that in which the two amines are stored in the gland. The results confirm the contention that the sympathetic innervation is relatively immature immediately after birth in this species and that functional maturation occurs gradually over a period of weeks. However, they also show that the ratio in which adrenaline and noradrenaline are released from the adrenal medullae provide no index of this process, as had previously been suggested. PMID- 6512698 TI - Pressure-volume relationships and elastance in the knee joint of the dog. AB - This study has investigated changes in intra-articular hydrostatic pressure in the knee joints of normal dogs in response to continuous and stepwise infusions of fluids. The relationship between pressure and volume in the joint was examined over the pressure range of -8 to +50 mmHg, and also at much higher pressures often associated with joint disease or injury. The effects of joint angle and dog weight on the pressure-volume relationship and on elastance of the dogs' knees were also examined. With liquid paraffin B.P. the pressure was found to increase more with each unit volume infused at subatmospheric pressures than at pressures around atmospheric, and increased more again at higher pressures. The pressure volume curve with saline infusions was affected by egress of fluid from the joint at supra-atmospheric pressure. Above +5 mmHg the rise in pressure per unit volume infused was less than that for paraffin at the same volume. Elastance and compliance of the normal joint capsule were calculated from the pressure-volume data. Elastance was high at subatmospheric pressures, decreased rapidly as atmospheric pressure was approached and rose as a linear function of pressure above 12 mmHg. The biphasic shape of the elastance-pressure curve is discussed, and explanations for the shape are suggested. After intra-articular pressure in the knee was raised by infusion of paraffin oil the joint was moved through the range of positions from 125 deg extension to 50 deg flexion. Intra-articular pressure did not change across the range 125-110 deg. However, increasing the angle of flexion from 110 to 50 deg resulted in a rise in pressure which became steeper for each volume increment. Increasing intra-articular fluid volume caused a decrease in the total range of movement of the joint. The pressure-volume curves measured at extended angles of 110, 125 and 140 deg, where the starting pressures were subatmospheric, were the same. At flexed joint positions of 80 and 50 deg, where the starting pressures were supra-atmospheric, the pressure-volume curves became steeper with greater flexion. Elastance of the joint tissues increased with flexion. The elastance at each joint angle depended also on the volume or pressure. Significant differences were found to exist between pressure volume curves for three groups of animals of different weight.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6512700 TI - An investigation of threshold properties among cat spinal alpha-motoneurones. AB - In anaesthetized cats, thresholds for long (rheobase) and brief duration current pulses have been obtained from spinal motoneurones and compared with other cell parameters and membrane properties. Rheobase showed only weak over-all relationships with conduction velocity and with cell size, estimated as the total capacitance of individual motoneuronal equivalent cylinders. Rheobase showed a clear tendency to vary inversely with after-hyperpolarization (a.h.p.) duration and was strongly correlated with the input conductance and with the inverse of the membrane time constant. However, the range of rheobase current exceeded that of input conductance by almost a factor of 2. Part of this range discrepancy arose because threshold depolarization tended to increase with rheobase current. Thus, among motoneurones grouped according to rheobase magnitude (three groups), those within the lowest rheobase group had threshold depolarizations about 6 mV on average lower than those within the highest rheobase group. Even though this difference was not directly related to resting potential differences between the groups, further analysis suggested that it may have arisen secondarily to impalement-induced depolarization. The finding that experimentally estimated threshold depolarizations in individual motoneurones were generally larger than those predicted by the product of input resistance and rheobase indicated that a subthreshold rectification process also contributed to the range of rheobase. The difference was largest in the low-rheobase group and smallest in the high rheobase group. Because these differences were proportional to the differences in input resistance between the separate motoneurone groups, it is suggested that the magnitude of the current underlying the rectification process does not differ systematically among motoneurones. Within groups of motoneurones classified on the basis of rheobase or a.h.p. duration, significant correlations existed between rheobase current and input conductance. An analysis of variance indicated that even within such functional subgroups of motoneurones, rheobase was appreciably better correlated with membrane time constant than with estimated cell size. Although showing a range approximately half that of rheobase, the brief current threshold was similar to rheobase in its relations with total cell capacitance, a.h.p. duration and the inverse of membrane time constant.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6512699 TI - Comparison of effect of peptide length and sulphation on acid secretory potency of gastrin in the cat in vivo and in vitro. AB - The gastric-acid secretory potency of gastrin peptides was investigated in vivo, in conscious cats prepared with gastric fistula, and in vitro, with kitten isolated gastric mucosae. The influence of peptide length on potency was investigated by comparing synthetic human gastrin heptadecapeptide, non-sulphate (shG17ns) with a synthetic gastrin butyloxycarbonyl hexapeptide (G6ns), and the influence of sulphation by comparison of G6ns with its sister sulphated peptide (G6s). When exogenous doses were compared, shG17ns was the most potent peptide (mean exogenous dose for half-maximal stimulation (EDe50) : 0.33 nmol kg-1 h-1), and was 15.8 times more potent than G6ns (EDe50:5.14 nmol kg-1 h-1). This potency ratio was reduced to 9.4 when circulating immunoreactive concentrations of the two peptides were compared (mean circulating concentration for half-maximal stimulation (EDc50) : shG17ns, 201 pM; G6ns, 1890 pM). The greater potency ratio when exogenous doses were compared was due to the greater metabolic clearance rate (m.c.r.) of the shorter gastrin (m.c.r.: shG17ns, 37 ml kg-1 min-1; G6ns, 121 ml kg-1 min-1). In vitro, shG17ns (mean concentration for half-maximal stimulation (EC50) : 1.99 nM) was 2.8 times more potent than G6ns (EC50: 5.57 nM). Sulphation of the hexapeptide increased its potency 3.6-fold when exogenous doses were compared (EDe50 G6s: 1.42 nmol kg-1 h-1). The greater potency of the sulphated peptide appeared to be due to its lower m.c.r. (20 ml kg-1 min-1), and was eliminated when circulating concentrations were compared; potency ratio G6ns: G6s, 1.1. We conclude that the increased potency of short gastrin peptides observed upon sulphation is likely to be due to increased resistance to metabolic clearance. Part of the increased potency observed with increasing peptide length can also be explained by increased resistance to clearance, but the small potency difference in vitro may reflect greater affinity for gastrin receptors. PMID- 6512701 TI - Influence of external calcium and glucose on internal total and ionized calcium in the rat lens. AB - Free calcium in the rat lens, measured by ion-sensitive electrodes, is 1.8 microM while the total, measured by atomic absorption, is of the order of 600 microM. The measured free calcium concentration (pCa) varies with the depth below the surface. It is lowest in the region 100-400 micron below the capsule and again in the nucleus, while the intervening perinuclear cortex has a relatively high free calcium. In young rats (less than 16 weeks) the free calcium in the posterior and anterior cortical regions is the same, while in the older lenses the free calcium is lower in the anterior and the regional variation is greater. Rat lenses incubated in a medium of similar ionic composition to aqueous humour for 15-24 h maintained a low level of free calcium. The maintenance of low internal calcium (both free and total) was dependent on external glucose and on removing glucose the intracellular free calcium increased from 5 to 15 microM while the total calcium increased from 600 to over 1000 microM. Following incubation in high calcium (10 mM), the free and total calcium increased to 40 and 3000 microM respectively. Omitting glucose from the high-calcium solution led to a further increase in both free and total calcium to 400 and 10000 microM respectively. The incubated control lenses maintained their normal sodium and potassium levels and resting potential, while removing glucose gave rise to an increase in sodium, a decrease in potassium and a depolarization of the membrane potential. Increasing external calcium also depolarized the membrane potential, but there was no change in internal sodium and potassium.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6512702 TI - The role of gamma-aminobutyric acid mediated inhibition in the response properties of cat lateral geniculate nucleus neurones. AB - We studied the effect of local ionophoretic application of bicuculline on the response of cat lateral geniculate nucleus (laminae A) cells to stimulation by sinusoidal gratings and spots of light. Application of bicuculline produced an increase both of spontaneous and visually driven discharge of both X and Y cells. On stimulation by drifting sinusoidal gratings, the average discharge of both X and Y cells remained constant with increasing contrast under normal conditions. Application of bicuculline caused the average discharge to increase with contrast, indicating that the constancy of the average discharge was maintained by gamma-aminobutyric acid mediated inhibition. Under normal conditions, the amplitude of response modulation of both X and Y cells to sinusoidal grating stimulation increased monotonically with stimulus contrast. During bicuculline application, the slope of the contrast-response curve for X cells but not for Y cells increased, indicating that the inhibition which dampened the modulation of X cells (but not Y cells) was contrast dependent. Application of acetylcholine also increased the average discharge and the amplitude of modulation of the cell responses, but this increase did not depend on stimulus contrast. Under normal conditions, X but not Y cells showed an attenuation of response and an increase in contrast threshold to low spatial frequencies. This attenuation vanished during bicuculline application. The shape of Y-cell response curves was unaffected by bicuculline. Bicuculline had the same effect on the non-linear component of Y-cell response as on the linear component. Although bicuculline had a different effect on the response of X and Y cells to stimulation by gratings, it reduced the antagonistic surround of both X and Y cells to a similar extent (revealed by plotting the cell receptive fields with flashed spots of light). PMID- 6512703 TI - On the basis of delayed depolarization and its role in repetitive firing of Rohon Beard neurones in Xenopus tadpoles. AB - A delayed depolarization following the impulse can be recorded intracellularly from mature Rohon-Beard neurones in the spinal cord of Xenopus tadpoles, in response both to brief intracellularly injected current pulses and to antidromic stimulation. Evidence is presented suggesting that this delayed depolarization is unlikely to be due to the action of a chemical synapse, activation of a voltage dependent conductance in the cell body, increased extracellular potassium, or electrotonic coupling. Hyperpolarization of the cell body during antidromic stimulation eliminates the action potential normally generated there, and reveals an impulse arising at some distance along a neurite. When an action potential is produced in the cell body, its repolarizing phase sculpts a delayed depolarization from this impulse in the neurite. The depolarization is enhanced by pressure applied to the neurites near the cell body, presumably by reducing the distal spread of current, and yields multiple action potentials. Although long current pulses usually produce only a single spike, small quantities of La3+ enhance the size of the depolarization and cause repetitive firing. The relation of impulse frequency to injected current shows a non-linearity consistent with the summation of the delayed depolarization and the depolarization by the injected current. The non-linearity is eliminated upon removal of delayed depolarization by hyperpolarizing current pulses injected after each impulse. The enhancement of the depolarization by La3+ is not the only cause of repetitive firing; La3+ also produces an effective reduction in conductance for outward currents. This depolarization may play a role in the normal firing behaviour of Rohon-Beard neurones; when repetitive firing results naturally in response to long current pulses the delayed depolarization is observed to be large. PMID- 6512704 TI - Development of gamma-aminobutyric acid mediated inhibition of X cells of the cat lateral geniculate nucleus. AB - We studied the development of gamma-aminobutyric (GABA) mediated inhibitory processes of the lateral geniculate nucleus cells in kittens of various age groups, by measuring the effect of ionophoretic application of GABA and bicuculline on cell response to sinusoidal gratings. In young kittens (less than 30 days) we found very few Y cells only X cells and weakly responsive cells which fitted neither X nor Y classifications ('immature' cells). As with adult cells, GABA inhibits the visual response of young kitten cells. Simultaneous application of bicuculline restored responsiveness. The mean GABA current to silence cell response in young kittens was significantly higher than that obtained in adult cats. Application of bicuculline alone had little effect on young kitten X-cell responsiveness, either on the average discharge or on the amplitude of modulation to stimulation by sinusoidal gratings. For older kittens (40-45 days), bicuculline increased X-cell responsiveness, and the increase in responsiveness was dependent on stimulus contrast and spatial frequency. However, the increased responsiveness was less than that for adults. At 100 days the changes of slope of X-cell contrast-response curves during bicuculline application were similar to those observed for adult X cells. We conclude that, although GABA receptors may be present at 30 days, the GABA mediated inhibitory system does not begin to function until about 45 days and does not mature fully until about 100 days. PMID- 6512705 TI - The photocurrent, noise and spectral sensitivity of rods of the monkey Macaca fascicularis. AB - Visual transduction in rods of the cynomolgus monkey, Macaca fascicularis, was studied by recording membrane current from single outer segments projecting from small pieces of retina. Light flashes evoked transient outward-going photocurrents with saturating amplitudes of up to 34 pA. A flash causing twenty to fifty photoisomerizations gave a response of half the saturating amplitude. The response-stimulus relation was of the form 1-e-x where x is flash strength. The response to a dim flash usually had a time to peak of 150-250 ms and resembled the impulse response of a series of six low-pass filters. From the average spectral sensitivity of ten rods the rhodopsin was estimated to have a peak absorption near 491 nm. The spectral sensitivity of the rods was in good agreement with the average human scotopic visibility curve determined by Crawford (1949), when the human curve was corrected for lens absorption and self-screening of rhodopsin. Fluctuations in the photocurrent evoked by dim lights were consistent with a quantal event about 0.7 pA in peak amplitude. A steady light causing about 100 photoisomerizations s-1 reduced the flash sensitivity to half the dark-adapted value. At higher background levels the rod rapidly saturated. These results support the idea that dim background light desensitizes human scotopic vision by a mechanism central to the rod outer segments while scotopic saturation may occur within the outer segments. Recovery of the photocurrent after bright flashes was marked by quantized step-like events. The events had the properties expected if bleached rhodopsin in the disks occasionally caused an abrupt blockage of the dark current over about one-twentieth of the length of the outer segment. It is suggested that superposition of these events after bleaching may contribute to the threshold elevation measured psychophysically. The current in darkness showed random fluctuations which disappeared in bright light. The continuous component of the noise had a variance of about 0.03 pA2 and a power spectrum that fell to half near 3 Hz. A second component, consisting of discrete events resembling single-photon responses, was estimated to occur at a rate of 0.006 s-1. It is suggested that the continuous component of the noise may be removed from scotopic vision by a thresholding operation near the rod output. PMID- 6512706 TI - Release of adenosine, inosine and hypoxanthine from rabbit non-myelinated nerve fibres at rest and during activity. AB - The composition of the efflux from desheathed rabbit vagus nerve, loaded with radioactivity by incubation in [3H]adenosine, was studied at rest and during electrical activity and after application of inhibitors of ecto-enzymes and modifications of intermediary metabolism. In addition, the degradation of externally applied ATP and adenosine was examined. [3H]ATP applied to the incubation medium was degraded to ADP, AMP, adenosine and inosine. The hydrolysis to nucleosides was inhibited by alpha, beta-methylene ADP; the appearance of AMP and nucleosides was slowed by beta, gamma-methylene ATP. Deamination of [3H]adenosine was blocked by 2-deoxycoformycin. The effluent from resting and stimulated preparations showed the presence of large amounts of inosine and hypoxanthine, smaller amounts of adenosine and adenine and traces of nucleotides. The composition of the effluent was not significantly altered by addition of alpha, beta-methylene ADP; beta, gamma-methylene ATP or 2-deoxycoformycin. Application of glucose-free solutions caused a large release of adenosine instead of inosine and hypoxanthine and a small increase in resting and stimulated efflux of 3H. Addition of 2-deoxyglucose produced a large increase in resting efflux and increased liberation of adenosine. Cyanide, 2,4-dinitrophenol, arsenate or salicylate increased the resting efflux of adenosine, inosine and hypoxanthine, and the effect of activity. It is concluded that electrical activity leads to release of adenosine, inosine and hypoxanthine, in various proportions depending on metabolic state, and that there is practically no liberation of nucleotides from nerve axons. PMID- 6512707 TI - Effect of alpha-dihydro-grayanotoxin-II on the electrical activity of the rabbit sino-atrial node. AB - The effect of alpha-dihydro-grayanotoxin-II (GTX) on the electrical activity of rabbit sino-atrial (s.a.) node cells was studied by the two-micro-electrode voltage-clamp technique. GTX, at concentrations between 3 and 10 microM, suppressed the spontaneous beating of the s.a. node. On subsequent application of 1 microM-tetrodotoxin (TTX), the membrane repolarized and spontaneous beating was restored, whereas the maximum rate of rise and the frequency of the action potential were reduced slightly. The additional application of adrenaline (0.55 microM) (in the presence of GTX plus TTX) completely restored the normal electrical activity of the s.a. node cells. Voltage-clamp experiments revealed that GTX, in this concentration range, reduced the maximum conductance of slow inward current by 15%, and did not affect the outward current system. The steady state inactivation curve for the slow inward current was not shifted along the membrane potential axis, whereas that for the fast inward Na current was shifted in the direction of hyperpolarization. In addition, GTX generated a time independent current (IGTX) which could be eliminated by the application of TTX. The current-voltage relation for IGTX was linear and crossed the voltage axis at +4.0 +/- 2.2 mV (n = 4). The application of GTX in a concentration range above 30 microM abolished all gated inward and outward currents of the s.a. node. The results suggest that the GTX-induced sinus arrest is mainly due to an increase in the membrane permeability to Na ions and that this increase in permeability is due to conversion of the normal fast Na channel into a modified one, which lacks an inactivation process. PMID- 6512708 TI - Dissociation between respiratory phase switching and phasic phrenic response on low-intensity stimulation of pneumotaxic complex and nearby structures. AB - Excitatory and inhibitory phasic phrenic responses (ePPR and iPPR) and inspiratory on-switch and off-switch (I-ON-S and I-OFF-S) were compared on stimulation of the pneumotaxic complex and neighboring reticular formation in cats anesthetized with nitrous oxide, curarized and spinalized at the C7 level. Stimulation consisted of a single pulse or train of 2 to 5 shocks whose intensity ranged between 100 and 300 microA. Single shock stimulation of the Kolliker-Fuse (KF) nucleus and of a region 1 mm just caudal evoked a pure iPPR during the phrenic burst. With single pulse of high intensity delivered in the second half of inspiration (I), the iPPR was associated with I-OFF-S. Single shock stimulation of a wider brain stem area including the medial part of the nucleus parabrachialis medialis (NPBM), nucleus parabrachialis lateralis and adjacent lateral and central tegmental fields evoked early iPPR combined with a later ePPR when delivered in I, and ePPR alone during expiration (E). Train stimulation of much more restricted areas could evoke I-ON-S or I-OFF-S depending on the site of stimulation and time of delivery in I or E. Definite dissociations occurred between iPPR and I-OFF-S according to the place of stimulation. A maximal iPPR, obtained from a region ventral to the NPBM, was never found to be associated with I-OFF-S. The excitability of I-ON-S, and ePPR amplitude showed opposite time courses during E and had different latencies.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6512710 TI - The definition of depression. AB - Prevalence figures of depression usually show a sex ratio for males:females of 1:2. This unequal ratio has been examined by varying the time periods for the calculation of prevalance rates and the criteria for case definition. Based on results of a 20-23 yr-old cohort of 591 males and females studied in Switzerland, some evidence was found to support the hypothesis that an unequal sex ratio is partially due to unequal reporting of depressive symptoms and to differential forgetting, perhaps linked with the male role in society. It is not yet possible to extend the results of this study to older cohorts. Further research would be desirable. PMID- 6512709 TI - [Physiological parameters of masseter and temporal reflexes in man]. AB - This study is carried out in global electromyography, on man. The reflex activity of masseter and anterior temporal muscles is induced by a mechanical shock on the chin. The measures of the latency time duration and the silent period duration, are read in milliseconds on an oscilloscope screen. The average values of the latency time are/7.8 ms on the masseter muscle and 10 ms on the temporal muscle. The variability on this parameter, essentially neurological, according to the examined muscle, can be attributed to the diversity of the reflex passages. The average values of the duration of the silent period are of 36 ms on the masseter muscle and of 44 ms on the temporal muscle. This discrepancy is significant, and can be explained only by the specific functions of each of these two examined muscles. On the other hand, the high variability of the silent period duration, the same muscle, and in the same experiment, can be related to the strength of contraction exerted by the subject. PMID- 6512711 TI - Biological markers in obsessive-compulsive and affective disorders. AB - To explore the relationship between obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and affective disorder, patients with OCD were studied using a series of biological markers which have been previously reported to be abnormal in patients with affective illness. These "markers" included the dexamethasone suppression test, sleep electroencephalography, the plasma growth hormone response to clonidine, and platelet 3H-imipramine binding. Results from each of these studies suggested similarities between patients with obsessional disorder and those with affective illness. Many of these biological abnormalities were evident in obsessional patients who did not manifest depressive symptoms. As a tricyclic antidepressant, clomipramine, has been found to reduce obsessional symptoms, the relationship between these "affective-like" laboratory findings and the clinical response to clomipramine was studied in a subgroup of OCD patients. Preliminary results suggest that none of the markers studied predict clomipramine response. PMID- 6512712 TI - Search for biological/genetic markers in a long-term epidemiological and morbid risk study of affective disorders. AB - A long-term epidemiological genetic study was conducted in which all new patients were evaluated prospectively at the Foundation for Depression and Manic Depression and two Lithium/Affective Disorders clinics at the Columbia Presbyterian Medical Center between the years of 1972 and 1978. All patients met Feighner, RDC and DSM III criteria for Major Depressive Disorder after initial clinical screening interviews and were further subtyped using the Fieve-Dunner 7 point criteria. All 604 probands and 90% of 2711 first-degree relatives were interviewed blindly by diagnosticians trained in the use of the SADS structured interview. Cumulative morbid risk in parents, siblings and children of 490 bipolar probands was 15.6 +/- 3% and 14.0 +/- 1.7% in the first-degree relatives of 114 unipolar probands. A number of biological and genetic marker studies were simultaneously performed on samples of the overall population. The enzymes catechol O-methyltransferase and dopamine beta-hydroxylase, and the dexamethasone suppression test (SDT) did not show any biological marker value for outpatients even though both enzymes were determined to have hereditability. The HLA system, monoamine oxidase and acetylcholinesterase segregated differently from normal controls in samples of the patient population. The positive association findings with monoamine oxidase and the HLA system conflicted with the positive findings of other investigators, leaving doubtful their biological marker value. Red cell acetylcholinesterase was found to be significantly lower in affective disorder patients than in controls. This positive association finding was recently replicated by Mathews et al. (1982) but needs further confirmation. Using 28 blood group markers, a prior association study between the trait defining susceptibility to affective disorder and the genetic marker was positive for haptoglobin GC, and properdinfactor B, confirming earlier findings. Using the sib pair method on the remaining 25 blood groups revealed that none other than peptidase A showed significant linkage with affective disorder since one significant finding is expected by chance. We conclude from the overall morbid risk data and segregation analyses that bipolar manic-depressive illness is a spectrum disease inherited through a multifactorial mode of genetic transmission (which is not synonymous with polygenetic inheritance) with possible genetic heterogeneity and find no evidence for X-linkage. Additional studies with acetylcholinesterase, haptoglobin, GC, and properdin-factor B are needed to confirm their positive biological/genetic marker value suggested by our long-term epidemiological study. PMID- 6512713 TI - Neurophysiological "markers"--EEG sleep measures. AB - Although a number of neurophysiological "markers" have been suggested as potential correlates of depression, the most promising set has been based on the electroencephalographic (EEG) measurement of sleep in affective disorders. Our knowledge, based on episodic biological correlates of depression, has attained considerable consensus in demonstrating specific findings for EEG sleep and depression. While there are some controversial issues remaining, the available evidence suggests that EEG sleep correlates can certainly be used as a state measure in affective disorders. A second phase of inquiry is now concerned with two issues--whether there are any specific markers during remitted phases of depression, and how the data base can help us understand some of the key theoretical biological issues in affective states. PMID- 6512714 TI - Suppression of kindling behavior. AB - Kindling behavior culminating with clonic convulsions is produced by 60-Hz sine wave stimulation of the amygdala. This behavior can be suppressed by stimulation of the same site with 1-Hz or 3-Hz sine waves. Such results have been obtained consistently over many experiments with the manipulation of a number of variables. Suppression appears to be a transient process in that rats will return approximately to their prestimulation thresholds following 2 weeks or more of rest. The severity of suppression is greatest with 120 s or more of sine-wave stimulation and when the intertrial interval is 1 or 3 hours. The effect decreases at 24 hours; at 72 hours, 5 days, and 14 days, it appears to be minimal or nonexistent. These results suggest that tissue damage is not the basis for suppression. Further evidence for this interpretation is provided by results indicating that suppression of kindled behavior is complete and permanent with a single trial of DC stimulation (which produces tissue damage), in contrast to 1 Hz stimulated rats, which show a slow, gradual increase in threshold values over many trials and a strong recovery from the suppression later on. PMID- 6512715 TI - Auditory and visual imagery in free recall. AB - Three experiments varied instructions and materials to compare the influence of auditory and visual imagery on free recall. Four kinds of words were presented: words with minimal imagery, words with both visual and auditory imagery, words with visual imagery, and words with auditory imagery. Experiment 1 (n = 48 volunteer college students) found instructions to form auditory images and words with auditory imagery to have the same advantage over control instructions and minimal imagery words as did visual imagery instructions and words with visual imagery. In Experiment 2 (n = 64 volunteer college students), groups instructed to form both auditory and visual imagery had incidental recall scores no greater than those of groups instructed to form only one kind of imagery. Experiment 3 (n = 64 volunteer college students) introduced augmented visual imagery (subjects drew a picture of the visual image) and augmented auditory imagery (subjects vocalized a sound modeled after the auditory image). Recall scores for the two augmented imagery groups were not significantly different from those for the two imagery groups. Results are discussed in terms of their implications for views of the cognitive representation of imagery. PMID- 6512716 TI - Psychological differences between adolescent smoking intenders and nonintenders. AB - The present study was conducted to determine the extent to which multiple measures of personality discriminate and differentiate between adolescents who report intention to smoke cigarettes as adults and those who indicate no such intent. Subjects (N = 335) were limited to American males because of the numerous gender differences related to cigarette smoking. The 16PF Questionnaire, Form C (Cattell, Eber, & Patsuoka, 1970), was employed to assess manifold dimensions of personality, and Rosenberg's (1965) Self-Esteem Scale was administered to assess global self-concept. Cigarette smoking intention was measured by a strategy similar to that suggested by Fishbein and Ajzen (1975). MANOVA revealed that the two groups were significantly different on the psychological indices treated compositely. Multiple discriminant analysis disclosed seven personality variables capable of discriminating between the smoking intenders and the nonintenders; nonintenders were significantly more self-confident, moralistic, intelligent, conservative, tender-minded, group-oriented, and reserved than were intenders. ANOVA indicated that intenders were significantly less stable, intelligent, moralistic, self-confident, and controlled and significantly more apprehensive, liberal, self-sufficient, and tense than were nonintenders. PMID- 6512717 TI - Demographics, stress, and depression in a community health screening. AB - Stress has been found to a significant factor in the development of physical illness. The relationship between demographic factors such as gender and age and their influence on stress and illness has not been extensively investigated. The present study investigated the relationship among life events, affective disorders, life satisfaction, and stress symptoms in a cross-sectional sample of 463 ambulatory visitors to a voluntary health screening. Age relationships were found to be strongest for life satisfaction, stress symptoms, and life stresses, whereas gender was the major factor in depression. The importance of gender and age as moderators of stress relationships is discussed with its possible implications for life-stage development. PMID- 6512718 TI - Assignment of personal values among adolescents. AB - Two groups of adolescents (N = 357) consisting of 212 tenth-grade students and 145 ninth-grade students were administered the Rokeach Value Survey (1960) to determine how adolescents identify with traditional values and with those values containing concrete or abstract components. The subjects ranked 18 terminal values according to their importance. Values that can be experienced to some extent by adolescents were ranked highest by both groups, but social values that seemed abstract or impersonal were ranked lower by both groups. Values dealing with the inner self were ranked higher by the 10th-grade group. Ninth-graders' modality for idealism seemed to influence their views of values such as a world of peace and pleasure. Tenth-graders' greater socialization toward adult roles seemed to influence their views of values relating to future events. PMID- 6512719 TI - Perceptual skill in the game of Othello. AB - Three experiments were conducted extending research on chess and Go to the game of Othello. Experiment 1 demonstrated that expert Othello players, in comparison to nonplayers of the game, are superior at recalling meaningful game configurations but are not better at recalling random positions. Experiment 2 demonstrated that expert players can learn a sequence of moves from an Othello game much more rapidly than nonplayers can. Experiment 3 examined chunking behavior and found that experts and nonplayers perceive different patterns of piece clusters in an Othello position. These results indicate that skill in Othello is cognitively organized in a manner similar to chess skill. Because Othello provides a less complex environment than chess and Go, efforts to model human skill in strategy games may be profitably pursued with Othello. PMID- 6512720 TI - Bender-Gestalt signs as indicants of anxiety, withdrawal, and acting-out behaviors in adolescents. AB - The purpose of this study was to assess the utility of the Bender-Gestalt Test as a measure of acting-out, withdrawal, and anxiety tendencies in adolescents. A heterogeneous group of 40 emotionally disturbed adolescents was administered the Bender-Gestalt Test. Behavior ratings on the Devereux Adolescent Behavior Rating Scale were also obtained for each subject. Although several individual Acting-Out signs were found to be related to specific behavior ratings, the most notable findings were the significant correlations between total Bender-Gestalt Acting Out signs and Poor Emotional Control and Inability to Delay. Bender-Gestalt Withdrawal and Anxiety signs were not found to be related significantly to specific behavior ratings. PMID- 6512722 TI - Abstracts: thirty-seventh annual meeting of the Society of Protozoologists. Athens, Georgia, 19-24 August 1984. PMID- 6512721 TI - Assimilation of Indian immigrant adolescents in British society. AB - Assimilation into British society was studied with first- and second-generation Indian immigrant adolescents and English boys and girls (N = 395, age range 14-16 years). They were administered a questionnaire designed by Danziger to monitor changes in their cultural perspectives, such as sex role specialization, autonomy in everyday life, and parents' perceived expectations. Analysis of variance revealed that no changes occurred among second-generation Indian girls, who enjoyed less autonomy in their daily lives than English girls and boys did. Second-generation Indian girls also perceived greater expectations from both parents to play a more responsible role in household activities. Few significant changes were found for Indian boys. PMID- 6512723 TI - A new malaria parasite Plasmodium (Sauramoeba) heischi in skinks (Mabuya striata) from Nairobi, with a brief discussion of the distribution of malaria parasites in the family Scincidae. AB - A new species of malaria parasite, Plasmodium (Sauramoeba) heischi, is described from African skinks (Mabuya striata). Eleven individuals of 90 specimens collected in Nairobi were found to be infected. The new parasite is a large species, characterized by spindle-shaped gametocytes, the female often with a subterminal nucleus. The schizonts produce up to 65 nuclei and cause great hypertrophy and distortion of the host cell. Although similar to P. (Sauramoeba) giganteum in dimensions and merozoite numbers, P. heischi is easily distinguished by gametocyte and schizont shapes. PMID- 6512724 TI - Infection with Eimeria tenella: modulation of lymphocyte blastogenesis by specific antigen, and evidence for immunodepression. AB - The blastogenic effects of specific parasite antigen and of mitogens on the lymphocytes of chickens infected with Eimeria tenella were examined. Lymphocytes from infected chickens were stimulated to divide when cultured with parasite antigen, but their responses to the T-cell mitogen, phytohemagglutinin (PHA), were depressed throughout the period of infection. Responses to the B-cell mitogen, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), were depressed during the first week of infection but enhanced in the second week. The inclusion of plasma samples from infected chickens in the culture medium depressed the responses of normal spleen lymphocytes to PHA, suggesting that soluble suppressor factors are generated during infection. PMID- 6512725 TI - Pathological changes and immunity associated with experimental Eimeria vermiformis infections in Mus musculus. AB - Pathological changes and immunity induced by Eimeria vermiformis (Ernst, Chobotar & Hammond, 1971) were studied in outbred Swiss mice inoculated with 5000, 10,000, 20,000, or 40,000 oocysts. Cross immunity to E. ferrisi was also studied. In the case of E. vermiformis, mortality was dose dependent; most deaths were observed in the intermediate-dose groups. Most deaths also correlated with peak oocyst output. Histopathologic changes consisted of an early neutrophil and mononuclear cell infiltration in the small intestine. Later, villus atrophy and crypt hyperplasia caused a decrease in the villus-crypt ratio. During the acute phase (8-10 days after inoculation), villus tips were eroded and parasites with necrotic debris filled the cryptal and intestinal lumina. Vacuolar changes were observed in epithelial cells of the small intestine. Neither parasites nor significant pathological changes were observed in extra-intestinal organs. Mice were totally immune to reinfection with E. vermiformis 30 and 105 days after inoculation. Cross immunity was not observed between E. vermiformis and E. ferrisi. PMID- 6512726 TI - The effects of reducing conditions, medium, pH, temperature, and time on in vitro excystation of Cryptosporidium. AB - Whereas excystation of sporozoites from oocysts of most coccidian species requires exposure to reducing conditions followed by pancreatic enzymes and bile salts, sporozoites of a bovine isolate of a bovine isolate of Cryptosporidium excysted without exposure to either reducing conditions or to pancreatic enzymes and bile salts. Without prior exposure to reducing conditions, a high percent excysted after incubation in a mixture of trypsin and bile salts in Ringer's solution; fewer excysted after incubation in tap water, even fewer after incubation in salt solutions, and none after incubation in saliva. Excystation, generally greater at pH 7.6 than at pH 6.0 and at 37 degrees C than at 20 degrees C, was observed as early as 1 h after incubation in water or the trypsin-bile mixture. These findings provide circumstantial evidence that oocysts of Cryptosporidium can excyst in extraintestinal sites and liberate sporozoites that can initiate autoinfection. PMID- 6512727 TI - Nucleolar hypertrophy as an indicator of transcription in cells infected with second generation meronts of Eimeria tenella. AB - Changes in nuclei and nucleoli of cells of chicken cecum infected with Eimeria tenella were studied in living cells by interference microscopy and in fixed and stained tissues using light level microscopy. As soon as merozoites began to transform into second generation meronts, there was an increase in the size of both the nucleus and the nucleolus of the host cell. The dry weight of the nucleus increased somewhat, but there was a greater increase and a correlation of the dry mass of the nucleolus with the size of the parasite as measured by interference microscopy. In fixed and stained tissues, there was a correlation between the area of the nucleolus and the area of the parasite. Removal of nucleic acids with DNase and/or RNase showed high concentrations of both in the nucleoli and a residue of protein. The increased nucleolar size indicates a high level of transcription in infected cells and allows the conclusion that the parasite somehow induces transcription to occur. Since transcription is a highly specific process, the high degree of host and site specificity shown by nearly all coccidia is consistent with a hypothesis that the coccidia share a portion of the host genome. PMID- 6512728 TI - Stercorarian trypanosomes from deer (Cervidae) in Germany. AB - Twenty of 35 roe deer (Capreolus capreolus), eight of 12 red deer (Cervus elaphus), and nine of 21 fallow deer (Cervus dama) but none of four moose (Alces alces) examined from April to November 1983 were infected with trypanosomes. Morphometric data of the bloodstream trypomastigotes from the three deer species differed significantly. This appears to be the first report of stercorarian trypanosomes from Cervidae in the Old World and the first description of representatives of the subgenus Megatrypanum in the three deer species. PMID- 6512729 TI - Neurosis and mortality: investigating an association. AB - Neurosis is not a cause of death, but at follow-up neurotic patients are found to experience increased premature mortality. Suicide and accidental death are considerably increased in this group. There is also an excess of deaths from natural causes; amongst hypotheses to account for this there is some evidence to incriminate arteriosclerosis, and increased toxicity from cigarette smoke may be a factor. The increased mortality is not explained by confusion over the term depression. Those neurotic patients who subsequently die are more likely to have suffered from a more severe degree of neurosis at the time of initial treatment. PMID- 6512730 TI - Coping and cancer prognosis. AB - Psychological responses to a diagnosis of breast cancer, assessed three months post operatively, are related to outcome 10 yr after operation. These results confirm the findings previously reported at 5 yr. The need for further study into the nature of the reported psychological response categories and the likely mediating mechanisms is emphasized. PMID- 6512731 TI - The effect of illness behaviour on the apparent relationship between physical and mental disorders. AB - Evidence for associations between organic disease and psychopathology is reviewed and it is concluded that some of this is determined by complaint and consultation behaviours. The concept of illness behaviour is described. The Self Care Assessment Schedule (SCAS) is a new measure of illness behaviour and has been used to provide an independent assessment of psychiatric day patients, gynaecology and surgical outpatients. Only weak positive correlations were found between SCAS scores and mental illness, measured using the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ). Subjects with organic pathology differed little from those without organic pathology, with regard to SCAS and GHQ scores. However SCAS and GHQ scores were more highly correlated in those without organic pathology. It is concluded that claimed associations between physical disease and psychopathology should be based on objective evidence rather than subjective complaints and that this should be found across the entire spectrum of illness behaviour. PMID- 6512732 TI - Learning to drink: the influence of impaired psychosexual development. AB - Recognized factors in the causation of alcoholism are reviewed, including those contributing to increased prevalence in women. Comparisons are drawn between the locking-on of the alcoholic habit in some people and of certain eating disorders in others, to their respective neurotic needs: particularly in adolescence, serious pairing and involution. Current social mores provide little support for the sexually insecure. The hypothesis is examined that a core reason for a common type of problem drinking is the pervasive anxiety gendered by faulty psychosexual development. Demographic data were recorded for 56 men and 15 women with primary alcohol dependence syndrome, 30 patients with eating disorders and 20 control subjects. Each completed the Parental Bonding Instrument, Eysenck Personality Inventory and visual analogue scales concerning mood and socio-sexual confidence in relation to eating or drinking. Between-group differences are discussed and implications considered. PMID- 6512733 TI - Goal frustration and life events in the aetiology of painful gastrointestinal disorder. AB - Life events and difficulties were recorded for the year preceding onset of abdominal pain in 135 consecutive referrals to three gastrointestinal clinics, and for the equivalent time period in a matched, healthy community comparison series. Fifty-six patients were found to have an organic gastrointestinal disorder. Severely threatening events and major difficulties known to play a critical aetiological role in clinical depression, occurred with much the same frequency during the 38 weeks before onset of non-organic ('functional') gastrointestinal disorder. There was no such relationship between the severity of threat and organic disorder. A measure of 'goal frustration' reflecting the degree to which the subjects aims and ambitions were insurmountably obstructed by the occurrence of the event, was significantly associated with organic disorder. This finding may explain the often reported association between life stress and organic gastrointestinal disorder. PMID- 6512735 TI - Is frostnip important? PMID- 6512734 TI - Anorexia tardive--late onset marital anorexia nervosa. AB - Most cases of anorexia nervosa start in adolescence but a sizeable number can develop the condition at any late age. The term Anorexia Tardive is reintroduced to describe woman who develop anorexia nervosa at or after the time of their marriages. The paper reports the study of the background and personalities of 50 such women, together with their husbands in 45 cases, and the parts played by both in the condition. The women were divided into 4 groups; those who developed Anorexia Tardive (1) in the engaged period, (2) after marriage and before pregnancy, (3) after childbirth and (4) at or after the menopause. In the first three groups Anorexia Tardive developed as a maladaptive solution to a growing marital crisis. Many of the husbands were immature men who readily accepted a sick dependent wife. Group 4 women differed in a number of respects and their loss of weight ultimately came to express a desire to die. Outcome and prognosis are described. PMID- 6512736 TI - A comparison of lung volumes between divers and submariners in the Royal Navy. PMID- 6512738 TI - Bilateral inguinal herniae--a reappraisal of dogma. PMID- 6512737 TI - Prescribing for the prevention of infective endocarditis: a study into the use of prophylactic antibiotics in the Armed Forces Dental Services. PMID- 6512739 TI - Primary adrenal carcinoma as a cause of non metastatic hepatosplenomegaly and liver dysfunction syndrome. PMID- 6512740 TI - Volvulus neonatorum in the ninth decade. PMID- 6512741 TI - Don't forget the donor. PMID- 6512742 TI - A closed cabinet system with water flushers and a blender for breeding small animal administered 3HHO. PMID- 6512743 TI - Radiation doses to the tissues of rat from tritiated thymidine administered by three different routes. PMID- 6512744 TI - Ultraviolet light sensitivity and unscheduled DNA synthesis in various cell strains derived from C57BL mouse. PMID- 6512745 TI - Radiation responses of HMV-I human malignant melanoma cells grown in vitro as multicellular spheroids. PMID- 6512746 TI - Radiation-induced oxidative denitration of 2-nitroimidazoles in aqueous solution. PMID- 6512747 TI - Transfer of gaseous iodine to Tradescantia. PMID- 6512748 TI - Consultation use of a computer by general practitioners. AB - Reporting on an experimental field study of computer use by general practitioners during consultations, this paper focuses particularly on the experiences of the doctors in their efforts to communicate concurrently with a patient and a computer. Through the analysis of logs of computer use, video recordings of consultations and interviews with doctors, the authors report on the uptake of the computer facilities, the impact of such use on information handling during the consultation, the doctors' views about using the system, and finally the relationship between doctors' ;natural' consulting styles and their uptake and views of the system. PMID- 6512749 TI - Writing all prescriptions by computer. AB - The information needed for safe prescribing is voluminous, complex and subject to continuous change. The computer makes an ideal instrument on which to store, access, and update general practice prescribing information. By using a desktop computer to check and write all prescriptions, it is possible for the general practitioner to build up a medication data base which has the capacity to record response to treatment and to supply information which can be reported to a remote central drug authority on a regular basis. PMID- 6512750 TI - Reducing prescribing costs through computer controlled repeat prescribing. AB - A small reduction in prescribing costs is reported from a general practice that has been using a computer for repeat prescribing for three years. The possible reasons for this are discussed. The information available from the Prescription Pricing Authority (PPA) and from practice workload measurements was found to be inconclusive. An elaboration of the computer-controlled system of repeat prescribing to provide a detailed cost analysis of this aspect of prescribing was devised, and the first results are presented. It is calculated that 27 per cent of prescriptions in the practice are produced from electronic records and that the average cost of these is not significantly greater than for prescriptions issued in other situations. PMID- 6512751 TI - The computer Health Check--the first 100 patients. AB - While waiting to see the doctor, patients used a computerized interview to answer questions about their health. An analysis of the first 100 interviews is presented in this paper. The results indicate that patients liked the system and the doctors found it useful. PMID- 6512752 TI - Towards a rationalization of counselling in general practice. AB - While there is good evidence to show that counselling may be beneficial to those patients in general practice with non-organic problems, deployment of the available resources lacks standardization and rationalization. The Counselling in Medical Settings Working Party of the British Association for Counselling is pressing for standardized training and accreditation of counsellors so that general practitioners will feel more confident about taking on workers who will ultimately be incorporated into the NHS team. PMID- 6512753 TI - Lymphangitis and scarlet fever after finger injury from a computer game. PMID- 6512754 TI - Dopamine reduces the receptor binding activity and not the secretion rate of placental lactogen in vitro. AB - Incubation with high concentrations of dopamine (greater than or equal to 10(-3) mol/l) depressed the ability of goat placental lactogen, human placental lactogen, ovine prolactin and human growth hormone to compete with labelled hormone in radioreceptor assays for lactogenic activity, with the greatest effects on placental lactogen. The activity of ovine prolactin in a radioimmunoassay was also depressed. The effects on human placental lactogen depended on the concentration of dopamine and on the time and temperature of incubation. Therefore, effects on activity, rather than on secretion rate, appear to explain the inhibition by dopamine of placental lactogen in the medium of placental explant cultures. PMID- 6512755 TI - Photosensitive stages in pubertal development of male deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus). AB - Male deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus bairdii) were exposed to a long (15L:9D) or short (6L:18D) photoperiod during four stages of development. At 6 weeks of postnatal age degree of pubertal development was determined by measurement of testis and seminal vesicle weights and area of the androgen-dependent sebaceous gland. Continuous exposure to a short photoperiod beginning before conception (i.e. mother kept in short days), at conception, or at birth markedly retarded pubertal development. Initiation of short-day treatment after weaning at 3 weeks of age was partly effective in inhibiting puberty. Males exposed to long days beginning at weaning were stimulated fully, however, having reproductive organs as large at 6 weeks of age as those of males housed on long days for the entire experiment. These results indicate that pubertal development in male deer mice is regulated by early postnatal, but not prenatal, photoperiod. However, early after weaning, males are more responsive to increasing than to decreasing photoperiod. PMID- 6512756 TI - Effect of transitional photoperiods on testicular development and puberty in male deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus). AB - In a series of five experiments, young male deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus bairdii) were exposed to photoperiods ranging in length from 3 to 19 h per 24-h period, as well as to constant light and constant darkness. Reproductive organ growth as measured at 6 weeks of age was inhibited by less than or equal to 11.5 h of light. In males receiving 11.5-19 h of light, there was a quantitative increase in reproductive organ size as a function of photoperiod. Rather than a 'critical' photoperiod partitioning reproductive inhibition and stimulation, there was a zone of gradual transition from inhibition to full stimulation. Histological analysis of testes demonstrated that spermatogenesis was stimulated by long photoperiods. Examination of the epidermal surface of the penis by scanning electron microscopy indicated that penile spine development was also regulated by photoperiod. PMID- 6512757 TI - Influence of melatonin on pubertal development in male deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus). AB - The role of melatonin in pubertal development was assessed in male deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus bairdii) exposed to photoperiodic and social stimuli. Exogenous melatonin retarded puberty in males reared in a long photoperiod, but was without effect in males reared in short days. Melatonin did not retard pubertal development induced by exposure of short-day males to an adult female. These results suggest that pineal melatonin mediates photoperiodic, but not social, control of pubertal development. PMID- 6512758 TI - Plasma concentrations of progesterone and 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-prostaglandin F-2 alpha during regression of the corpora lutea of lactation in the bandicoot (Isoodon macrourus). AB - Plasma progesterone concentrations (mean +/- s.e.m.) declined from 7.5 +/- 1.2 ng/ml and 7.5 +/- 1.0 ng/ml to less than 1 ng/ml after removal of pouch young (RPY) from bandicoots at Days 24 and 30 of lactation respectively. In all 7 bandicoots, the corpora lutea of lactation showed signs of regression and, in 5 of these bandicoots, a premature ovulation had occurred 6-9 days after RPY. There was no change in the concentration of PGFM after RPY, and uterine prostaglandin F 2 alpha may not be involved in luteal regression in the bandicoot. PMID- 6512759 TI - Significance of Poisson distribution theory in analysing the interaction between human spermatozoa and zona-free hamster oocytes. AB - The value of Poisson distribution theory in describing and predicting the nature of sperm-egg interaction in vitro has been investigated using an interspecific in vitro fertilization system, incorporating zona-free hamster oocytes and human spermatozoa. The frequency distribution of polyspermic oocyte penetrations in 72 experiments exhibited good agreement with the Poisson distribution at all levels of fertilization indicating that each oocyte must be of equal penetrability and that there can be no block to polyspermy in this interspecific system. Poisson distribution theory also accurately described the relationship between oocyte penetration and sperm motility in 50 out of 54 separate experiments spread across 10 serial dilution curves. For each dilution series the shape of the fitted curve was fixed but its location along the x-axis varied from donor to donor. The fixed nature of the relationship between sperm motility and egg penetration enables the results of such in-vitro fertilization experiments to be corrected for the number of motile spermatozoa in the incubation media. On the basis of these findings a protocol is described for assessing the results of the zona-free hamster oocyte penetration assay, which involves analysis of the degree of polyspermy followed by the application of Poisson distribution theory to correct the results to a standard concentration of motile spermatozoa. Changes in the penetrating ability of human spermatozoa after vasectomy and characterization of the degree of inter ejaculate variation in penetrating potential are two clinical examples of such analyses given in the text. The statistical methods described in this paper should also be of general relevance to the study of fertilization mechanisms, in providing a rationale by which to analyse the quantitative nature of sperm-egg interaction in vitro. PMID- 6512760 TI - Effects of oestradiol benzoate treatment on the reproductive performance and endocrine status of sows after lactations of 10 or 35 days. AB - Forty-two Landrace X Large White sows were used in 3 studies of oestradiol benzoate treatment 24 h (E1) or 48 h (E2) after piglet removal, following lactations of 10 (S) or 35 (L) days, or were untreated controls (C). For Exp. 1, oestradiol benzoate doses were 4, 16 and 64 micrograms/kg body weight; since highest mean LH peaks followed use of the 16 micrograms/kg dose, this treatment was used in later studies. Treatments for Exp. 2 were S-E1 and L-E1 (N = 3). Pregnancy rates were 1/3 and 2/3, respectively, while 10-day weaned sows tended to have longer weaning-remating intervals, shorter oestrous periods and lower post-injection oestradiol peaks. Post-treatment LH peaks were recorded from all L E1 sows, but only one S-E1 animal. Treatments S-E2, L-E2, S-C and L-C (N = 6) were used in Exp. 3; pregnancy rates were 1/6, 6/6, 5/6 and 6/6, respectively, while peak oestradiol levels were 49.5 +/- 8.3, 74.8 +/- 15.1, 21.7 +/- 2.0 and 51.8 +/- 26.5 pg/ml, respectively. Weaning-remating intervals were extended in S C sows (P less than 0.05), while oestradiol treatment prolonged behavioural oestrus. LH peak values were reduced after short lactations, but not affected by oestradiol treatment. Plasma prolactin concentrations at weaning were higher in sows in treatment S than in treatment L, while at the subsequent oestrus in oestradiol-treated sows they were elevated more and for longer periods than in controls. These results demonstrate that reduced gonadotrophin secretion and fertility after short lactations are not overcome by treatment with oestradiol benzoate. PMID- 6512761 TI - Induction of implantation by aromatase inhibitors in ovariectomized mice. AB - The ability of aromatase inhibitors to induce implantation in mice was tested in animals in which implantation was delayed by ovariectomy and progesterone treatment. Implantation was consistently induced by 7 mg 4-hydroxyandrostene-3,17 dione (4-OH-A), 7 X 5 mg 1,4,6-androstatriene-3,17-dione (ATD) or 15 mg 4 acetoxyandrostene-3,17-dione, an activity comparable to that of 1 mg testosterone. In intact mice treated with 2 or 10 mg 4-OH-A or ATD/day from Day 2 of pregnancy (Day 1 = vaginal plug), the number and size of implantation sites were not affected. These results may not be necessarily due to inhibitory effects of the compounds on aromatase. PMID- 6512763 TI - Mouse sperm capacitation in vitro involves loss of a surface-associated inhibitory component. AB - The increasing fertility of epididymal mouse sperm suspensions as preincubation time is extended is accompanied by the inactivation or destruction of an inhibitory component. Alternatively, precocious removal of the component, achieved by centrifugation, leads to significant improvement in fertilizing ability. Suspensions were preincubated for a total of 120 min, with aliquants being removed at 5, 30 and 120 min. By gently washing samples and resuspending in fresh medium, the poor fertility of unwashed 5- and 30-min suspensions was increased such that 30-min washed samples did not differ significantly from fully capacitated, highly fertile 120-min unwashed control samples. When the supernatants obtained during washing of uncapacitated suspensions (5 and 30 min preincubation) were added to capacitated (120 min preincubation) populations, fertilization of cumulus-intact eggs was markedly and significantly inhibited, although fertilization of zona-free eggs was unaffected. In contrast, supernatants from capacitated suspensions were not inhibitory. When suspensions were preincubated in Ca2+-free media, both washing and exposure to hyperosmolal conditions improved fertilizing ability after addition of exogenous Ca2+, although not to the extent seen in control samples. Removal of the inhibitory component therefore increased the response of spermatozoa to Ca2+. The component was shown to be cell-associated and to inhibit the acrosome reaction in capacitated suspensions. Finally, the inhibition was shown to be reversible, with further incubation of inhibited suspensions restoring the original fertility. PMID- 6512762 TI - Adaptations to reduction of endometrial surface available for placental development in sheep. AB - On Day 5 of pregnancy, before the blastocyst migrates to the uterus, one uterine horn was ligated to restrict the trophoblast to the lumen ipsilateral to the corpus luteum. The numbers of placentomes (caruncles and cotyledons) were reduced by half, but neither at 120 nor at 140 days of pregnancy (term 147 days) did the weights of placentae and fetuses of treated ewes differ significantly from those of control ewes. Amongst uterus-ligated animals prepared for chronic study, the rate of uterine blood flow (electromagnetic flow transducer, ml/min) to the pregnant horn was higher than in control ewes, as was the concentration of progestagens in maternal peripheral blood. There may be a compensatory response that causes hypertrophy of placentomes and that increases blood flow to the uterine horn containing placental tissue. PMID- 6512764 TI - Proteins synthesized by the rat endometrium during early pregnancy. AB - Rat uteri from animals at pro-oestrus and Days 3-6 of pregnancy were incubated in vitro in the presence of [35S]methionine. Labelled endometrial proteins from each sample were separated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and resolved by fluorography. A group of 16 proteins that are synthesized only on specific days was defined. On Day 5, the day of embryo implantation, only 3 of these 16 proteins were synthesized. Of 8 proteins synthesized on both Days 3 and 6, 5 were also found on Day 4, but only 1 was synthesized on Day 5. These results demonstrate that during the interval in which implantation is initiated, no unique proteins are produced but several protein species are no longer synthesized by the endometrium. PMID- 6512765 TI - Oxytocin is luteolytic in the rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta). AB - Oxytocin (10 mi.u./microliter/h) or vehicle (0.5% chlorobutanol in saline, 1 microliter/h) was chronically infused directly into the corpus luteum of normally cyclic rhesus monkeys, by means of an Alzet pump-ovarian cannula system. Infusion of oxytocin (N = 6) or vehicle (N = 5) began 6 days after the preovulatory oestradiol surge, and daily peripheral blood samples were taken. Oxytocin caused a significant (P less than 0.05) decrease in progesterone, beginning 1 day after treatment, and oestradiol after 4 days; progesterone and oestradiol remained significantly depressed until menstruation. However, peripheral LH concentrations remained unchanged. The duration of the luteal phase, menstrual cycle and the onset of menses from the initiation of oxytocin infusion were significantly (P less than 0.01) shorter when compared to those of vehicle-treated controls. These results show that oxytocin can induce functional luteolysis in the primate and supports the hypothesis that oxytocin of luteal origin may play a role in spontaneous luteolysis. PMID- 6512766 TI - Phosphorylated secretory proteins from rat epididymis and their androgenic control. AB - Slices of the rat epididymis were incubated with [32P]orthophosphate. Analysis of the radioactive proteins in the medium by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and autoradiography revealed 6-phosphorylated secretory proteins from the epididymis of adult rats: Mr = 62 000; 66 000; 76 000; 68 000; 19 000 and 20 000. Studies of the epididymides of immature and 7-day-castrated adult rats indicated that these phosphorylated secretory proteins were controlled by androgens. PMID- 6512767 TI - Time course of sympathetic denervation of the rat ovary after freezing its nerve supply. AB - Brief freezing of the ovarian vascular pedicle in rats reduced ovarian noradrenaline concentration, measured with HPLC, by 67% (P less than 0.01). Freezing of the ovarian suspensory ligament caused a 22% reduction (P less than 0.01) and 33% reduction (P less than 0.05) in 2 experiments. The numbers of adrenergic nerve terminals detected by fluorescence microscopy after these procedures were similarly reduced (P less than 0.01). Freezing of both the pedicle and the ligament produced complete sympathetic denervation in about 50% of the ovaries. From Days 2 to 10 after operation no noradrenaline or nerve terminals were detected in 14 out of 27 ovaries. Nerve terminals were also eliminated from the oviduct. Reinnervation of the ovary began between Days 12 and 30. It is concluded that the adrenergic innervation of the ovary is predominantly through nerves that accompany the vascular supply to the ovary and the ovarian suspensory ligament. Freezing of these routes is a simple and relatively atraumatic means of denervating the ovary for experimental studies. PMID- 6512768 TI - Prolactin as a factor in the uterine response to progesterone in rabbits. AB - The direct effect of prolactin on uteroglobin production and on uterine endometrial oestrogen and progesterone receptor concentrations was tested by using ovariectomized rabbits (at least 12 weeks) treated with prolactin; prolactin + progesterone; prolactin + oestradiol + progesterone; oestradiol + progesterone; or progesterone alone. Prolactin treatment produced a significant (P less than 0.05) increase in the concentration of cytosolic oestrogen and progesterone receptors, restoring the concentrations to values found at oestrus. However, the concentration of nuclear receptors remained low. In the remaining treatment categories there was no significant (P greater than 0.05) increase in the concentration of oestrogen and progesterone receptors compared with those in ovariectomized controls. However, the sequential treatment of ovariectomized animals with prolactin + progesterone stimulated uteroglobin production to a concentration equal to that found in intact rabbits on the 5th day of pregnancy. This was not achieved by prolactin or progesterone alone or with oestradiol. These results suggest that prolactin acts as an essential factor in the rabbit uterine response to progesterone, perhaps by the modulation of progesterone receptor activity. PMID- 6512769 TI - Seasonal changes in spermatogenesis in the blue fox (Alopex lagopus), quantified by DNA flow cytometry and measurement of soluble Mn2+ -dependent adenylate cyclase activity. AB - The testes of the blue fox (Alopex lagopus) showed marked seasonal variations in size. Testicular weight and volume increased rapidly during January and February to reach maximal values by the beginning of the breeding season (approximately 15 March). During May and June the weights and volumes of the testes declined gradually to the quiescent state which lasted from July until October. Quantitation by DNA flow cytometry of the seasonal changes in the relative numbers of haploid (1C), diploid (2C) and tetraploid (4C) cell numbers in the testis showed that the increase in testis size from December to February was associated with a rapid expansion of the haploid cell compartment as spermatogenesis resumed. In addition, an increase in number of more mature cell types within the haploid cell population was observed over a 2-month period before the breeding season. The decline in testicular size from the middle of April until October was associated with a reduction in both the absolute and relative sizes of the haploid and tetraploid cell populations and a concomitant increase in the relative numbers of diploid cells. Measurements of the activity of the soluble Mn2+ -dependent adenylate cyclase revealed seasonal variations that closely paralleled those of the haploid cell population, indicating that, as in other species, the enzyme may be associated with maturing germ cells. PMID- 6512770 TI - Cleavage beyond the block stage and survival after transfer of early bovine embryos cultured with trophoblastic vesicles. AB - Early bovine embryos (1- to 8-cell stages) were recovered from superovulated heifers at slaughter on Days 2 or 3. Embryos were cultured for 3-4 days in Medium B2 supplemented with 15% (v/v) fetal calf serum in the absence (B2SS, 106 embryos) or presence of trophoblastic vesicles (B2SS + TV, 190 embryos). At the end of culture, there were more (P less than 0.001) morulae (greater than or equal to 16 cells) in B2SS X TV (46%) than in B2SS alone (18%) irrespective of the initial cell stage. More 8-cell embryos reached the 16-cell stage than did embryos with less than 8 cells (30% vs 15% in B2SS, P greater than 0.05; 70% vs 41% in B2SS + TV, P less than 0.005). After culture, 102 morulae were transferred non-surgically to temporary recipient heifers (84 embryos cultured in B2SS + TV and 18 in B2SS). After 2 or 3 days, 14 out of 58 embryos from the B2SS + TV group and 3 out of 10 embryos from the B2SS group were recovered as blastocysts. Most blastocysts were deep-frozen and stored for several weeks. After thawing, 10 apparently normal embryos from the B2SS + TV group were transferred non surgically into 10 recipient heifers. Four pregnancies were induced, but only one embryo survived to term (birth of a normal male calf). It is concluded that trophoblastic vesicles release one or several unknown compound(s) normally present in vivo, promoting the cleavage of early bovine embryos. PMID- 6512771 TI - Changes in oestrogen-synthesizing ability of preovulatory bovine follicles relative to the peak of LH. AB - Preovulatory bovine follicles (n = 28) were collected at different times after the onset of standing oestrus until shortly before ovulation. In-vitro conversion of tritiated androstenedione in the presence of NADPH by homogenates of the follicular wall was compared in phases relative to the LH peak. During phase 0 (before the LH surge) conversion into oestradiol-17 beta was high and production of oestrone was about 8-fold lower. During phases 1 (0-6 h after the LH peak) and 2A (6-14 h after the LH peak) the production of oestradiol and oestrone remained constant; the percentage of remaining androstenedione increased. In phase 2B (14 20 h after the LH peak) conversion into oestradiol and oestrone had decreased to about one third correlating with a higher percentage of remaining androstenedione. In phase 3 (20 h after the LH peak until ovulation) conversion into oestradiol and oestrone remained constant. The ratio between the production of oestrone and oestradiol remained constant throughout the phases of preovulatory development (0.13), indicating a concurrent inhibition of aromatase and 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activities. Conversion into 19 hydroxyandrostenedione showed a pattern similar to that of oestradiol, and testosterone was produced in minute quantities. The results indicate that in preovulatory bovine follicles eventual inhibition of aromatization takes place at about 14 h after the preovulatory LH peak. PMID- 6512772 TI - Acid phosphatase and leucine aminopeptidase activity in the uterine flushings of non-pregnant and pregnant gilts. AB - The activities of uteroferrin, measured as acid phosphatase (AP), and an aminoacylpeptidase (AA) were measured in uterine flushings collected from gilts on Days 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 15, 16 and 18 of the oestrous cycle and pregnancy (N = 37). Changes in AP (P less than 0.05) were associated with day for both specific and total AP in non-pregnant and pregnant gilts. For pregnant and non-pregnant gilts, AP activity was greatest between Days 14 and 16 and then decreased to Day 18. The AA specific activity increased (P less than 0.01) between Days 10 and 12 of the oestrous cycle and pregnancy, but neither effects of pregnancy nor day by pregnancy status interaction were detected. The AA total activity was greater for pregnant gilts (P less than 0.01). These data suggest an inhibitory effect of oestrogens of blastocyst origin on synthesis and/or secretion of uteroferrin, but not AA. PMID- 6512773 TI - Resorption versus secretion in the rat epididymis. AB - Micropuncture samples were taken from the rete testis, caput epididymidis and cauda epididymidis of anaesthetized adult rats and assayed for total protein, sodium and potassium concentrations. Intraluminal sperm concentrations were determined and used to calculate the amount of fluid resorbed from the efferent duct and epididymal lumen. It was demonstrated that large amounts of protein (30.2 mg/ml cauda volume) and sodium (241.8 mequiv./l) and smaller amounts of potassium (19.4 mequiv./l) are resorbed from the rat epididymal lumen between the caput and corpus epididymidis. This occurs despite increases in intraluminal concentrations of protein (from 22 to 28 mg/ml) and potassium (from 16 to 50 mequiv./l). Resorption is an important aspect of epididymal control of the intraluminal environment. PMID- 6512774 TI - Gonadotrophin and progesterone concentrations in placentae of grey seals (Halichoerus grypus). AB - Chorionic gonadotrophin (CG) measured by bioassay and progesterone by immunoassay were present in the placentae of grey seals (Halichoerus grypus) from about 20 days after implantation until parturition. During this period a small and significant decrease in the concentration and a large increase in the total amount of placental CG occurred. The biological activity of seal placental CG was neutralized with an anti-hCG serum. There was a correlation between fetal length and the total amount of progesterone in the placenta. The corpus luteum persisted throughout pregnancy and there was a significant correlation (P less than 0.001) between CL diameter and the weight of the ipsilateral ovary. Hypertrophy of fetal testes and ovaries was observed and adult gonad size was reached at about the time of parturition. We suggest that placental CG is the hormone responsible for the precocious enlargement of fetal gonads in grey seals. PMID- 6512775 TI - Effect of amphotericin B and gestational age on sodium transport across the rat visceral yolk sac placenta in vitro. AB - The transport properties of the rat visceral yolk sac placenta from Days 14.5 to 18.5 of gestation were studied in vitro. All tissues had a positive potential difference, fetal side relative to maternal side, and showed net Na transport towards the fetus. Basal short-circuit current and net Na flux increased rapidly with gestational age over the period studied. Amphotericin B applied to the maternal surface of the yolk sac stimulated current and net Na flux, indicating that the apical membrane Na permeability limited transport and revealing a reserve capacity for transport. Contrary to their basal values, current and Na flux following treatment with amphotericin were independent of gestational age. PMID- 6512776 TI - Cell-mediated immunity to male-strain histocompatibility alloantigens detected after natural insemination and systemic immunization in the female mouse using the cell-mediated microcytotoxicity test. AB - Female cell-mediated immunity to allogeneic spermatozoa after repeated natural insemination, in the absence of pregnancy, was compared with that after systemic challenge using the cell-mediated microcytotoxicity test to measure cytotoxic cell alloreactivity. After multiple (3-6) inseminations the majority of females (11 out of 13) showed a significant degree of lymphocytotoxicity to male-strain histocompatibility alloantigens in the para-aortic lymph nodes, and to a lesser extent in the spleens, while a single insemination was usually not sufficient to evoke a specific cytotoxic cell response. This differed from the low and highly variable degree of female sensitization after multiple systemic challenge with allogeneic spermatozoa via the intraperitoneal route. By contrast, a single systemic challenge via the footpad proved to be the most highly consistent and effective route for eliciting cell-mediated immunity to male-strain histocompatibility alloantigens in all 9 female mice. This alloreactivity appeared to be directed at alloantigens other than the male-specific H-Y antigen. These findings show that the precise route of immunization is a major factor in the development of female cell-mediated immune responsiveness to allogeneic spermatozoa. PMID- 6512777 TI - Oestradiol in follicular fluid and in utero-ovarian venous and peripheral plasma during parturition and postpartum oestrus in the tammar, Macropus eugenii. AB - Oestradiol-17 beta was measured in plasma and follicular fluid by a radioimmunoassay validated for the tammar. Plasma was sampled from the peripheral circulation and both utero-ovarian veins to assess the contribution of oestradiol from the corpus luteum in one ovary and from the Graafian follicle in the other during late pregnancy, parturition, post-partum oestrus and ovulation. Concentrations of oestradiol in the peripheral plasma and in the vein draining the CL remained less than 5 pg/ml on all days except the day of parturition, when they were 12.7 pg/ml and 14.3 pg/ml respectively. Mean oestradiol concentration in the vein draining the Graafian follicle was significantly higher than the mean peripheral concentration on Days 24-27. The highest average concentration (36.5 pg/ml) occurred on Day 27 coincident with parturition and before oestrus. These latter concentrations were significantly correlated with the concentration and total oestradiol in the fluid of the preovulatory Graafian follicle (r = 0.73 and r = 0.82 respectively), thus providing strong evidence that the Graafian follicle is the main source of oestradiol in the peripheral circulation at this time. PMID- 6512778 TI - Hysteroscopic evaluation of endometrial cancer. PMID- 6512779 TI - Endometriosis and corpus luteum function. Is there a relationship? AB - More than 100 years after the first description of endometriosis, the pathophysiology of the disorder still remains an enigma. In addition to infertility, an increased frequency of clinically apparent spontaneous abortions (32% vs. 8-15% in the normal population and 19% in the infertile one) has been found in women with endometriosis and secondary infertility. Treatment of endometriosis with conservative surgery, danazol or both results in a frequency of spontaneous abortion within the range of the normal population's. Although the factors involved in the pathophysiology of endometriosis are probably multiple, abnormal corpus luteum function is a common mechanism that might explain both the infertility and the spontaneous abortions. Several studies suggested a relationship between endometriosis and corpus luteum function, which may be mediated by prostaglandins. However, not all the data have been supportive. We developed a hypothetical scheme (modified from Drake) that outlines possible mechanisms of endometriosis mediated by the adverse effects of increased prostaglandins. Further investigation of this scheme may provide new information about the pathophysiology of endometriosis. PMID- 6512780 TI - Urinary tract evaluation of diethylstilbestrol-exposed female progeny followed in a colposcopy clinic. AB - Structural abnormalities of the upper genital tract in diethylstilbestrol-exposed (DES-exposed) female progeny have been noted. Since upper genital tract anomalies are often associated with upper urinary tract anomalies, intravenous pyelography was obtained in 102 DES-exposed patients at our institution to determine the incidence of upper urinary tract anomalies. Only two patients had duplication of the ureter. Since this incidence is not greater than that expected in an unexposed population, intravenous pyelogram studies are not routinely recommended for DES-exposed patients. PMID- 6512781 TI - Influence of naproxen therapy on natural killer cytotoxicity and antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity against cells infected with herpes simplex virus. AB - Natural killer cytotoxicity (NKC) and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) represent one of the body's primary lines of defense against viral infections, including herpes simplex (HSV). This immune defense system is negatively influenced by prostaglandins. A project was undertaken to evaluate the influence of an antiprostaglandin agent in vivo on these cytotoxic effects against cells infected with HSV. Thirteen subjects without previous histories of clinical herpes simplex infection were studied during menses with and without naproxen therapy. A statistically significant augmentation (p = 0.05) of natural killer-cell function was identified in mononuclear cells during therapy. Subjects with baseline cytotoxicity of less than 45% demonstrated consistent elevations during naproxen therapy. No other significant differences could be found for mononuclear or polymorphonuclear cells with regard to NKC and ADCC. There appears to be a subset of patients who may benefit from immunologic augmentation with antiprostaglandin agents when experiencing herpes simplex virus infection. PMID- 6512782 TI - The functional potential of the rabbit fimbria. AB - The ability of the normal rabbit fimbria to retrieve eggs after progressive reduction of its mucosal surface was tested on 16 New Zealand white rabbits. Group 1 had a small fimbrial resection; group 2 had a large one. The resected tissue was weighed, and in both groups the contralateral fimbria (internal control) was cut and sutured without resection. Four weeks later the animals were mated, and 12 hours afterwards the ovulation sites on each ovary were counted and both tubes excised. In vivo observations of the transport of cumulus surrogates by the experimental fimbria were made before tubal excision in group 2 animals. The natural eggs retrieved by the fimbria were recovered by flushing the resected tubes with saline. The infundibulum and fimbria were cut from the ampulla and weighed to calculate the amount of fimbrial resection achieved. In group 1 the experimental side retrieved 82% of the eggs; in group 2 the experimental side retrieved 72%. In vivo observations revealed the presence of a spontaneously formed neofimbria that transported cumulus surrogates in a normal pattern and at a normal rate. The fimbria appeared dispensable, a fimbrialike structure formed spontaneously, the functional results were optimal, and the number of ovulation after surgery was unchanged. Some similarities can be observed in women. PMID- 6512783 TI - The delivery route for very-low-birth-weight infants. A preliminary report of a randomized, prospective study. AB - A major problem facing the perinatal team remains the care of the very-low-birth weight infant (less than 1,500 gm), which includes not only the neonatal aspects but also the specific management aspects of labor and delivery. Numerous retrospective studies have suggested the potential benefits of cesarean delivery in the very-low-birth-weight group. In order to specifically address the question of the delivery route and its impact on neonatal outcome, a randomized, prospective study was designed. The study design specifically attempted to exclude the usual clinical estimation of fetal weight and sought to rely on other factors, which included the clinical availability of ultrasound as utilized by the physician staff. As the study proceeded, it became apparent on numerous occasions that the birth weights of infants who had been entered into this study were, in fact, in excess of the targeted weight range of 750-1,500 gm. In one instance an infant weighed in excess of 3,000 gm, and these observations led to a temporary discontinuation of the study. Data evaluation was undertaken from the first 40 patients entered into the study. This limited comparison failed to demonstrate significant differences regarding measures chosen to evaluate neonatal condition. It did define the limitations of correctly choosing infants for inclusion in this study. It is clear that more precise selection criteria must be available before the study of the effects of delivery route on outcome can be resumed appropriately. PMID- 6512784 TI - Treatment of premature rupture of the membranes. AB - Few topics in obstetrics are debated more widely than the treatment of premature rupture of the fetal membranes (PROM). Over a two-year period, a retrospective analysis of 422 patients with that diagnosis revealed 86 mother-infant pairs at less than 37 weeks of gestation acceptable for review as it pertained to expectant or conservative management. The gestational age in these patients ranged from 26 to 36 weeks, with a mean of 31.9. Using the conservative management approach, 12% of the patients developed amnionitis during the antepartum period, and febrile morbidity was noted postpartum in eight patients. The neonatal outcome revealed a 14% incidence of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). There were 18 infants with suspected sepsis, but of the 6 cases of proven infection, only 1 was related to amnionitis. Ten of the 12 infants contracting RDS were males, reflecting a reversal of the sex ratio found in those who did not develop RDS. The sex difference in the offspring was found to favor females with respect to RDS, even greater than 48 hours after rupture of the membranes. These data demonstrate that with the use of expectant management in patients with PROM at 26-36 weeks of gestation, there was no dramatic increase in maternal or neonatal infections. PMID- 6512785 TI - Maternal Addison's disease and fetal growth retardation. A case report. AB - Maternal Addison's disease (primary hypoadrenalism) is an infrequent complication of pregnancy that poses a high risk of maternal mortality if not recognized and treated. If adequate steroid replacement therapy is provided, however, there is little risk for the mother during pregnancy. We treated a woman for previously undiagnosed Addison's disease during pregnancy that apparently interfered with normal fetal growth. This case supports Osler's observation that maternal Addison's disease can cause intrauterine fetal growth retardation. PMID- 6512786 TI - Complications of the Ehlers-Danlos syndrome in pregnancy. A case report. AB - The Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS) is a disorder of the connective tissue characterized by hyperextensible skin, loose jointedness, fragile tissues, bruising and bleeding diathesis. At least eight subtypes of EDS are recognized, each one with different clinical manifestations. On rare occasions EDS is associated with pregnancy. These patients are at risk for bleeding disorders and vascular, surgical and anesthetic complications as well as for premature labor, postpartum hemorrhage, bladder and uterine prolapse, abdominal hernias and wound dehiscence. We treated a pregnant patient for type 1 EDS and pregnancy-induced hypertension. PMID- 6512787 TI - Investigation of sacroiliac disease: comparative evaluation of radiological and radionuclide techniques. AB - An attempt has been made to improve diagnostic precision in a group of diseases associated with inflammation of the sacroiliac joints by using a 99mtechnetium stannous pyrophosphate bone scan. Inflammation of these joints is associated with osteoblastic activity and is reflected by an increase in the uptake of radionuclide, which can be precisely quantitated. The uptake was markedly above the range of normal in patients with active ankylosing spondylitis (AS), and also in a number of patients with possible AS, psoriasis, and Reiter's syndrome. However, patients with Grade 4 radiological changes of the sacroiliac joints frequently had normal scans. This technique may be useful in the early diagnosis of sacroiliitis, and the nosological implications of the changes in patients with Reiter's syndrome and psoriasis are of interest. PMID- 6512788 TI - Polymyalgia rheumatica--a clinical study with particular reference to arterial disease. AB - The clinical and laboratory findings in patients with polymyalgia rheumatica are described and reviewed against a background of 59 cases. An increased incidence of the disease in summer and winter was noted. The necessity for a sedimentation rate of 50 mm/1 hour as a diagnostic criteria is questioned and the difficulties in management are discussed. The value of examining the vascular tree is emphasized, since vascular bruits and tenderness may be found which disappear with treatment. Viral antibody studies produced negative results. However, an arterial basis for the disease is confirmed by lymphocyte transformation studies. An hypothesis is suggested that an autoallergic reaction to an antigen in the internal elastic lamina may explain the clinical, biochemical and histological abnormalities. PMID- 6512789 TI - Symptomatic Sjogren's syndrome in mixed connective tissue disease. AB - Twelve of 25 patients with mixed connective tissue disease complained of xerostomia and/or ocular symptoms of keratoconjunctivitis sicca. In addition to the clinical features of mixed connective tissue disease, all 12 patients had high titers of antibody to the ribonuclease-sensitive component of the extractable nuclear antigen. Eight parents had both clinical xerostomia and keratoconjunctivitis sicca, one had keratoconjunctivitis sicca and salivary gland enlargement, while three had xerostomia but no ocular complaints. Sjogren's syndrome was confirmed in all 12 patients by means of Schirmer's tests, Rose Bengal staining tests, salivary gland scintiscans, radionuclide excretion studies in saliva, parotid sialographies, and lip biopsies. At least three of these tests were abnormal in all patients. PMID- 6512790 TI - Acute leukemia in rheumatoid arthritis treated with cytotoxic agents. AB - Acute leukemia is described in two patients treated with cytotoxic agents for a destructive, seropositive rheumatoid arthritis. Both patients had received longterm azathioprine therapy. In addition, one patient had been treated with cyclophosphamide, the other with melphalan. Chromosomal abnormalities were noted in both patients. Studies in one patient included colony forming units, ferrokinetics, electron microscopy of bone marrow, and autopsy examination. All reports of acute leukemia associated with cytostatic drugs in the literature to date are reviewed and the possible mechanisms discussed. It is suggested that patients with rheumatoid arthritis treated with azathioprine and alkylating agents may have an increased risk of developing a therapy-related acute leukemia. PMID- 6512792 TI - Eosinophilia in rheumatoid patients treated with D-penicillamine. AB - The prevalence of eosinophilia in 66 patients with rheumatoid arthritis receiving D-penicillamine was determined in a retrospective study. Eosinophilia occurred in 24%. The simultaneous occurrence of toxicity and eosinophilia occurred in 3%. In contrast, eosinophilia only occurred in 10% of those with suspected toxicity. The value of eosinophilia as a marker of toxicity is discussed. PMID- 6512791 TI - Reducing property of some slow acting antirheumatic drugs. AB - Many slow acting antirheumatic drugs and several other drugs without antirheumatic activity possess a potential thiol function, i.e., a free SH group or one that is generated by hydrolysis. Since drugs with effective SH activity may react with intracellular disulfides, we evaluated their reducing properties by measuring their redox potential and their ability to react with glutathione, the most prevalent intracellular thiol, and dithiobis (nitrobenzoic acid), a specific reactant for thiols. Drugs containing aromatic thiols are poor reducers and are generally devoid of antirheumatic activity. Antirheumatic drugs, such as D-penicillamine, levamisole, gold salts, thiopronine and captopril, are potential aliphatic thiols with strong reducing properties. These different antirheumatic drugs may therefore operate by a common mechanism through an altered cellular redox equilibrium and sulfide-disulfide exchanges. PMID- 6512793 TI - The onset of disease in twins and siblings with systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - We reviewed both the published cases of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) occurring in siblings as well as our own, in regard to the ages of onset and the calendar year of onset in the sibling pairs. These data were compared with the same data in non-consanguineous, noncohabiting matched control pairs of patients with SLE. Compared to the control patients, we found no tendency for cases in siblings to occur at the same age, but a significant tendency to occur close together in time, thereby implicating an environmental agent as either a causal or triggering factor leading to expression of the disease. PMID- 6512794 TI - Computers in rheumatology practice: implications for clinical research. AB - We conducted a survey to determine the current and potential uses of computerized information systems in clinical rheumatology. One in 3 rheumatologists currently uses an office based computer, primarily for administrative functions, and at least one in 5 is likely to acquire a computer in the near future. Survey responses indicate that the increased use of office based computers will increase the willingness of community practitioners to participate in clinical research. This development will provide an opportunity to broaden the scope of clinical research participation and to increase the pool of patients available for cooperative clinical trials in rheumatology. PMID- 6512795 TI - A case of Wegener's granulomatosis presenting with jaw claudication. AB - The major manifestations of Wegener's granulomatosis have been well described. Jaw claudication has not been recognized as one of the symptoms associated with this disease. We report the first case of Wegener's granulomatosis presenting with jaw claudication. Documentation of different histological types of vasculitis producing similar symptoms broadens our concepts of systemic vasculitis and emphasizes the need for tissue biopsy for diagnosis. PMID- 6512796 TI - Granulomatous synovitis and Crohn's disease. AB - A case of Crohn's disease of the colon, diagnosed after the discovery of a granulomatous synovitis of the wrist in a 40-year-old woman is described. The clinical and histological features of the articular and extraarticular inflammatory lesions of Crohn's disease are reviewed. PMID- 6512797 TI - More on rheumatology and the pharmaceutical industry. PMID- 6512798 TI - Reactive arthritis due to infestation with Giardia lamblia. PMID- 6512799 TI - Bee venom and adjuvant induced disease. PMID- 6512800 TI - Bilateral carpal tunnel syndrome due to tuberculosis tenosynovitis: a case report. PMID- 6512801 TI - Predictors of outcome at two years in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. AB - The prognostic value of clinical and laboratory measures in 72 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), seen initially within 18 months of disease onset, in predicting function outcome after a further two years was assessed. Limitation of wrist extension was associated with a slow disease onset, a high articular index and a high latex titre. A reduction in global functional capacity, as measured by the Stanford Health Assessment Questionnaire, was associated with a high initial articular index and a high latex titre. Neither outcome was associated with the initial level of acute phase reactants nor with patient or physician's initial assessment of disease activity. It is concluded, first, that factors predicting early disability outcome in RA are not identical to those associated with continuing disease activity; and secondly, that patients' and physicians' judgment of disease activity at diagnosis do not carry any prognostic value for functional outcome two years later. PMID- 6512802 TI - Chemoprophylaxis in major head and neck surgery. AB - Wound infections are a significant complication following major oncological head and neck surgery. In view of the controversy surrounding the use of chemoprophylaxis a controlled trial was designed. Intravenous Augmentin (amoxycillin and clavulanic acid) was shown to reduce significantly (P less than 0.025) the incidence of postoperative sepsis. PMID- 6512803 TI - Jaw, tongue and hyoid movement--a question of synchrony? Discussion paper. PMID- 6512804 TI - Speech production after laryngectomy: discussion paper. PMID- 6512805 TI - Forty years of pharmacological research. PMID- 6512806 TI - Mycosis fungoides and Hodgkin's disease. PMID- 6512807 TI - Thorotrast granuloma of the neck. PMID- 6512808 TI - Retinopathy after irradiation and hyperbaric oxygen. PMID- 6512809 TI - Hereditary angio-oedema: treatment with C1 esterase inhibitor concentrate. PMID- 6512811 TI - Adult Monteggia lesion with ipsilateral wrist fracture. PMID- 6512810 TI - Endocarditis with rare parvobacillus: host response and difficulty in diagnosis. PMID- 6512812 TI - Pica. PMID- 6512813 TI - Operative cholangiography. PMID- 6512814 TI - Swallowing difficulties and iron deficiency. PMID- 6512815 TI - CAPD in end-stage renal amyloidosis. PMID- 6512816 TI - Management of severe acute colitis. PMID- 6512817 TI - Colchicine ameliorates constipation in Parkinson's disease. PMID- 6512818 TI - Endometrial cytology. PMID- 6512819 TI - Antiviral treatment of chronic hepatitis B virus infection. PMID- 6512821 TI - Epithelioid sarcoma of Enzinger. PMID- 6512820 TI - Progressive bacterial synergistic gangrene in patient with diabetes mellitus. PMID- 6512823 TI - Bronchial carcinoid presenting with cutaneous metastases. PMID- 6512822 TI - Spectrum of atypical fibroxanthoma of the skin. PMID- 6512824 TI - Hidroacanthoma simplex. PMID- 6512825 TI - Squamous cell carcinoma as a complication of dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa. PMID- 6512826 TI - Cronkhite-Canada syndrome. PMID- 6512827 TI - A tricky trio. PMID- 6512828 TI - Recurrence risk after neural tube defects in a genetic counselling clinic. AB - The recurrence of isolated neural tube defects in a population of women from a genetic counselling clinic was found to be 3.4%. After one baby with a neural tube defect the recurrence was 2.3%. Of the 15 pregnancies of women who had two previous babies with neural tube defects, there were three further recurrences. These findings show that the Hungarian recurrence risk of isolated neural tube defects has not changed with a declining birth prevalence, and that the rate in genetic counselling clinic patients is the same as in a previous population based epidemiological study. PMID- 6512829 TI - A study of retinitis pigmentosa in the City of Birmingham. I Prevalence. AB - Using multiple sources, an attempt was made to ascertain all symptomatic cases of retinitis pigmentosa living in the City of Birmingham in June 1978. These methods revealed a prevalence for all ages of 1 in 4869 and a prevalence in the age group 45 to 64 years of 1 in 3195. There was a higher prevalence than expected among young Muslims with consanguineous parents. However, the most accurate prevalence of uncomplicated retinitis pigmentosa among adults was considered to be that found in an outpatient clinic serving adult diabetics, namely, six patients in a clinic population of 8000 to 10 000. PMID- 6512830 TI - A study of retinitis pigmentosa in the City of Birmingham. II Clinical and genetic heterogeneity. AB - This is a study of 138 index patients with retinitis pigmentosa (RP) and their families, in which the selection of index patients was solely on the basis of their residence in Birmingham. Clinical analysis showed that severe disease was as likely to indicate dominant or non-genetic RP as to indicate recessive disease, and that each of three genetic types of uncomplicated RP could probably be divided into two entities. Autosomal dominant RP accounted for at least 22% of index patients but this was likely to be an underestimate because of the low penetrance of the disease. Autosomal recessive disease accounted for not more than 10% of index patients and its rarity was indicated by a high consanguinity rate. Recognisable X linked disease occurred in about 14% of index patients, a similar figure to other studies. The 37% of patients with uncomplicated RP and no obviously affected relative have either autosomal dominant RP or non-genetic RP; it is difficult to know the relative proportions of each. The risks for descendants of patients with recessive disease are clear. The risks of symptomatic RP in the offspring of patients who do, or who might have, dominant RP range from 1 in 2 to 1 in 37 according to the family history and the severity of the RP. PMID- 6512831 TI - An epidemiological and genetic study of facial clefting in France. II Segregation analysis. AB - Familial transmission of cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL(P] and isolated cleft palate (CP) was studied in two French samples of 458 CL(P) and 156 CP nuclear families, using the recently implemented unified model. In neither case could discrimination be achieved between polygenic inheritance and monogenic inheritance with a high proportion of sporadic cases. In this type of disorder with a complex genetic basis the information furnished by such an approach, which only considers the affected status, is discussed. Future investigations on the joint familial transmission of the disease and different marker systems may help to identify the genes involved in these developmental anomalies. PMID- 6512832 TI - Glycoproteins in cystic fibrosis: a lectin binding study. AB - Ten lectins have been used to detect glycoproteins, after SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and gel isoelectric focusing, in fibroblasts, red cell membranes, urine, and plasma of patients and obligate heterozygotes with cystic fibrosis. No disease specific changes were detected but considerable individual variation was observed, some of which was attributed to known genetic polymorphisms unrelated to cystic fibrosis. PMID- 6512833 TI - Chronic proximal spinal muscular atrophy of childhood and adolescence: sex influence. AB - Segregation analysis was performed on 354 cases of chronic proximal spinal muscular atrophy of childhood and adolescence (CPSMA) in the total series and in a number of subgroups formed according to the age at onset and sex. The analysis provided evidence of sex influence in the series studied, particularly in a subgroup of the milder form of the disease with onset between the 37th month and 18th year of life. In the latter subgroup, females were affected much less frequently. This was particularly striking after age at onset of 8 years, and only exceptionally were females affected after the age of 13 years. These facts point to incomplete penetrance of the gene. PMID- 6512834 TI - Familial paracentric inversion of chromosome 15 (q15q24). AB - A paracentric inversion of chromosome 15 was observed in the father of two infants who died 29 days and 24 hours, respectively, after birth. The same inversion was found in two sisters of the proband. PMID- 6512835 TI - A complex three way translocation resulting in two sibs with partial trisomy 3p23 ---3pter. AB - A male infant with multiple congenital anomalies and psychomotor retardation was found to have a translocation resulting in partial trisomy for the distal part of chromosome 3p. An older sister with similar clinical findings had an identical karyotype. Chromosome studies in the phenotypically normal parents revealed a balanced translocation in the mother involving chromosomes 3, 11, and 18. An identical translocation was found in one of the normal children. PMID- 6512836 TI - Stub thumbs in Israel revisited. AB - A three generation family with stub thumbs and short fourth toes is reported. This combination of anomalies has been observed in the past and the question is raised whether this association could be genetically distinct from that of stub thumbs alone. PMID- 6512837 TI - Paternal Robertsonian translocation t(13q;14q) and maternal reciprocal translocation t(7p;13q) in a couple with repeated fetal loss. AB - Marriages involving partners both of whom have abnormal karyotypes are rare and are usually ascertained because of a history of infertility, repeated abortions, or the birth of a balanced translocation carrier or chromosomally abnormal offspring. Abnormalities which have been noted include sex chromosome aberrations in both parents or a sex chromosome abnormality in one parent and an autosomal abnormality in the other. Four papers have reported balanced reciprocal autosomal translocations in both parents, two couples representing a first cousin marriage. We present a case of a paternal 13;14 Robertsonian translocation and a maternal (7p;13q) reciprocal translocation in a couple with repeated fetal loss. PMID- 6512838 TI - Interstitial deletion of the short arm of chromosome 5 in a mother and three children. AB - An interstitial deletion (5) (p13p15.1) was found in a mentally retarded woman and three of her four children. The variable manifestation of this chromosomal defect and the relevance of this particular deletion to the cri du chat syndrome are discussed. To our knowledge the only other reported case of inherited 5p deletion from an affected parent involved the terminal segment of the 5p15.3 band. PMID- 6512839 TI - A live infant with trisomy 14 mosaicism and nuclear abnormalities of the neutrophils. AB - Mosaic trisomy 14 is described in a patient with severe developmental retardation and congenital malformations. Together with a few previous reports, this case suggests the existence of a syndrome associated with this chromosome imbalance. Hitherto unrecognised manifestations of trisomy 14 mosaicism were, in our patient, abnormalities of the neutrophil nuclei, which consisted of multiple pedunculated or sessile projections, similar to those characteristically associated with trisomy 13 syndrome. PMID- 6512840 TI - A rare heterochromatic variant of chromosome 4. AB - A variant chromosome 4 with a large G positive heterochromatic block is described and discussed in relation to chromosome 4 heteromorphisms observed with other banding techniques. The extra heterochromatin is C positive and fluoresces brilliantly with Q banding, but differs from Yqh with some methods of staining. PMID- 6512841 TI - Prevention of midline defects. PMID- 6512842 TI - Tracheo-oesophageal dysraphism. PMID- 6512843 TI - Translocations, social class, and Adam and Eve. PMID- 6512845 TI - Naturally-occurring cellular cytotoxicity mediated by neutrophil polymorphonuclears: requirements for the target cell lysis. AB - The purpose of the present study was to investigate the general conditions under which neutrophil polymorphonuclears (PMN) mediate antibody-independent cytolysis in the presence of normal human serum (NHS). Normal PMN were found to kill rabbit red blood cells (RRBC) only when cultured with 1% NHS. NHS was per se incapable of lysing RRBC. PMN from a patient with Chronic Granulomatous Disease did not destroy RRBC targets even in the presence of 1% NHS. In addition, cytotoxicity by normal PMN was significantly reduced by scavengers of oxygen metabolites. The results suggest that the target cell lysis by PMN in the presence of NHS requires a synergistic interaction between at least two mediators: serum factor(s) and oxygen metabolite(s). PMID- 6512844 TI - Inhibition of human natural killer activity by 2-deoxy-D-glucose and other sugars. AB - The specificity of natural killer (NK) cells is still a matter of debate. In the present study a number of sugars were tested for their capacity to inhibit the NK activity of human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) on K-562 target cells. The most pronounced inhibitory effect was exerted by 2-deoxy-D-glucose and 2-amino-D glucose. Significant, though more variable inhibition was observed with D-fucose, D-ribose, L-rhamnose, and galactose. The inhibitory activity of the sugars was similar in NK assays carried out with target cells grown either in fetal calf serum or in normal human serum. 2-deoxy-D-glucose and 2-amino-D-glucose were shown to exert their inhibitory activity on effector rather than on target cells. They inhibited to a similar extent the NK activity of both unstimulated and interferon stimulated PBL. These 2 sugars also attenuated the antibody-dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity of PBL. The inhibitory effect of 2-deoxy-D-glucose and 2-amino-D-glucose on NK activity was not reversed by simultaneous exposure of NK cells to these inhibitors and glucose. The inhibitory effect of various sugars could result from the blocking of receptors on NK cells which recognize carbohydrate moieties on target cells. The activity of 2-deoxy-D-glucose and 2 amino-D-glucose could reflect impairment of the glycolytic pathway in the effector cells by the intracellular accumulation of phosphorylated derivatives of these inhibitors. PMID- 6512846 TI - Reproductive performance, population dynamics and anthropometrics of the free ranging Cayo Santiago rhesus macaques. AB - This report summarizes demographic data collected on the Cayo Santiago colony of rhesus monkeys from 1976-1983 and compares the results with those from 1959-1964 [8,9]. For males and nonpregnant/nonlactating, pregnant, and lactating females mean (+/- 1 SD), body weights, crown-rump lengths, and ponderal indices are tabulated for each age on a large (n = 586) single sampling of this free-ranging population of macaques. PMID- 6512847 TI - Changes in selected serum biochemical and EKG values with age in cynomolgus macaques. AB - Normal serum values for alkaline phosphatase were significantly higher in juvenile male cynomolgus monkeys compared to adults. Conversely, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) was significantly lower in juveniles than adults. A comparison of selected EKG parameters from each group revealed no significant differences; however, there was a trend towards mean left axis deviation in adult animals. PMID- 6512848 TI - Rubidium uptake in single cells. AB - Rubidium uptake was measured in single erythroid and myeloid cells of rabbit by means of X-ray microanalysis. It was found in the nucleated bone marrow cells that after incubation in rubidium the sums of potassium and rubidium concentrations were similar to the original potassium concentrations, indicating that there was one-to-one replacement of potassium by rubidium. Although the nuclear potassium and rubidium concentrations were higher than those in the cytoplasm, the nuclear and cytoplasmic ratios of K/Rb were similar. This implies that the potassium in both compartments exchanged freely with rubidium. In the erythroid line of cells there was a continuous reduction of potassium transport activity during the maturation process as indicated by the decrease in rubidium uptake rates. The uptake was measured in seven groups of cell types that could be distinguished on the basis of morphology and chemical composition. The order of the groups from high to low rubidium uptake were: esosinophilic myelocyte greater than early erythroblast and thin-rimmed erythroblast greater than late erythroblast greater than early bone marrow red cell greater than late bone marrow red cell greater than peripheral blood red cell. Thus, there is a continuous decrease in rubidium transport as the erythroid cells mature. PMID- 6512849 TI - Structure of zonulae occludentes and the permeability of the epithelium to short chain fatty acids in the proximal and the distal colon of guinea pig. AB - Absorption of short-chain fatty acids has been studied in the proximal and the distal colon of anaesthetized guinea pigs. Segments were perfused with a solution similar in chemical composition to that of normal colonic fluids. In the proximal colon the permeability of the mucosa was similar for acetate, propionate and butyrate. For acetate the permeability was significantly higher in the proximal than in the distal colon, and the reverse was seen for butyrate. In the distal colon the short-chain fatty acids seem to be absorbed mainly in the undissociated form due to their lipid solubility; a paracellular pathway for the dissociated molecules is of no major importance. In the proximal colon, on the other hand, a considerable portion of acetate and propionate disappears in the ionized form. Light microscopy (semithin sections) and electron microscopy (freeze-fracture replicas) showed remarkable morphological differences between the proximal and the distal colon. "Leaky spots" with only few strands were present in the zonulae occludentes between the epithelial cells at the surface of the proximal colon. In the distal colon the junctions between the cells were more compact, and significantly more strands separated the lumen from the intercellular space. These results suggest that short-chain fatty acids could be absorbed by a paracellular pathway in the proximal colon, and not in the distal colon. In the proximal colon the number of strands of the zonulae occludentes between surface cells and that between cryptal cells was similar. On the contrary, in the distal colon significantly more strands were present between surface cells than between cryptal cells. Morphological and physiological considerations suggest that absorption of short-chain fatty acids in the crypts is negligible. PMID- 6512851 TI - An improved approach to the analysis of autoradiographs containing isolated sources of simple shape: method, theoretical basis and reference data. AB - There are circumstances in which, by assuming that a high proportion of the radioactivity in a biological specimen is associated with certain well-dispersed structures of simple shape, a relatively simple and effective objective analysis can be carried out. The usefulness of this type of restricted analysis has previously been severely limited by the requirement that all the profiles of interest should be of roughly the same size, which is rarely the case. A procedure is proposed which, by appropriately combining image spread functions for profiles of the same shape but of various sizes, allows realistic hypothesis testing in such circumstances. Details for the practical application of the method are offered and criteria for assessing the feasibility of applying the method in particular circumstances are discussed. The necessary backup information to the method is supplied in the form of the derivation of the fundamental image spread function, the introduction of a coherent notation and reference data quantitatively describing the image spread around certain extended sources of simple shape. PMID- 6512850 TI - Thiol-dependent passive K+Cl- transport in sheep red blood cells: VI. Functional heterogeneity and immunologic identity with volume-stimulated K+(Rb+) fluxes. AB - Ouabain-resistant (OR), volume- or N-ethylmaleimide (NEM)-stimulated K+(Rb+)Cl- fluxes were measured in low-K+ sheep red cells and found to be functionally separate but immunologically similar. In anisosmotic solutions both K+ effluxes and Rb+ influxes of NEM-treated and control cells were additive. In contrast to the NEM-stimulated K+Cl- flux, metabolic depletion did not reduce K+Cl- flux of normal or swollen cells. The anion preference of OR K+ efflux in NEM-treated cells was Br- greater than Cl- greater than HCO3- = F- much greater than I- = NO3 = CNS-, and hence consistent with a reported Br- greater than Cl- greater than NO3- sequence of the volume-dependent K+Cl- transport. Alloimmune anti-L1 antibodies known to decrease passive K+ fluxes in low K+ cells reduced by 51% both volume- and NEM-stimulated, furosemide-sensitive Rb+Cl- fluxes suggesting their immunologic identity, a conclusion also supported by anti-L1 absorption studies. Since pretreatment with anti-L1 prevented the activation of Rb+ influx by NEM, and the impermeant glutathionmaleimide-I did not stimulate Rb+Cl- influx, the NEM reactive SH groups must be located apart from the L1 antigen either within the membrane or on its cytoplasmic face. A model is proposed consisting of a K+Cl- transport path(s) regulated by a protein with two functional subunits or domains: a chemically (Cs) and a volume (Vs)-stimulated domain, both interfacing with the L1 surface antigen. Attachment of alloanti-L1 from the outside reduces K+Cl- transport stimulated through Cs by NEM or Vs by cell swelling. PMID- 6512852 TI - Double-axis rotary replication for deep-etching. AB - We have developed a simple new method of rotary shadowing, double-axis rotary replication, for observing three-dimensional structures in deep-etched, rapid frozen tissues. The technical details of this method are described and compared with the conventional fixed-angle rotary shadowing procedure. PMID- 6512853 TI - New classification methods of branching patterns. AB - Binary branching patterns are described in this paper by their topological structure. The statistical properties of these structures appear to be highly dependent on their growth patterns. As such, observed trees may be used for testing growth models. This paper describes three options in the construction of frequency distributions of topological parameters and their corresponding probability distributions, arising from the terminal and segmental growth models. The construction of these distributions makes the analysis of observed tree structures possible in those experimental conditions where small numbers of observations or differing sizes of trees would form serious obstacles to alternative analytical procedures. PMID- 6512854 TI - Quantitative assessment of radiation damage in a thin protein crystal. AB - Radiation damage is a limiting factor for high resolution structural determination of protein crystals. We have used the median and quartile values of Ne exposures and the structural disordering factor (delta B) to describe the crystalline disordering due to radiation damage in thin crystals of crotoxin complex embedded in glucose at room and low temperatures and in ice embedded crystals. By approximating the radiation damage to follow first order kinetics, we applied a correction to the diffraction intensities from patterns with high accumulated exposures. We used the structural similarity factor (R) to show that, for some data, the effectiveness of the correction can be as good as those in protein X-ray crystallography. PMID- 6512855 TI - Low voltage scanning electron microscopy. AB - The scanning electron microscope (SEM) is usually operated with a beam voltage, V0, in the range of 10-30 kV, even though many early workers had suggested the use of lower voltages to increase topographic contrast and to reduce specimen charging and beam damage. The chief reason for this contradiction is poor instrumental performance when V0 = 1-3 kV, The problems include low source brightness, greater defocusing due to chromatic aberration greater sensitivity to stray fields, and difficulty in collecting the secondary electron signal. Responding to the needs of the semiconductor industry, which uses low V0 to reduce beam damage, considerable efforts have been made to overcome these problems. The resulting equipment has greatly improved performance at low kV and substantially removes the practical deterrents to operation in this mode. This paper reviews the advantages of low voltage operation, recent progress in instrumentation and describes a prototype instrument designed and built for optimum performance at 1 kV. Other limitations to high resolution topographic imaging such as surface contamination, the de-localized nature of the inelastic scattering event and radiation damage are also discussed. PMID- 6512856 TI - On the use of ionization cross sections in analytical electron microscopy. AB - There are two approaches to the utilization of the ionization cross section, Q, for use in the determination of kappa AB factors for quantitative microanalysis in the analytical electron microscope. The first approach is to interpolate a value of Q from experimentally determined kappa AB factors at a fixed accelerating voltage (kV). The second approach uses a theoretical parameterization of Q generated by fitting the fundamental Bethe expression to selected experimental values of Q over a wide range of kV. This paper discusses the relative merits of the two approaches. PMID- 6512857 TI - Chordate muscle actins differ distinctly from invertebrate muscle actins. The evolution of the different vertebrate muscle actins. AB - A total of 30 actins from various chordate and invertebrate muscle sources were either characterized by full amino acid sequence data or typed by those partial sequences in the NH2-terminal tryptic peptide which are known to be specific markers for different actin isoforms. The results show that most, if not all, invertebrate muscle actins are homologous to each other and to the isoforms recognized as vertebrate cytoplasmic actins. In contrast the actin forms typically found in muscle cells of warm-blooded vertebrates are noticeably different from invertebrate muscle actins and seem to have appeared in evolution already with the origin of chordates. During subsequent vertebrate evolution there has been a high degree of sequence conservation similar or stronger than that seen in histone H4. Urochordates, Cephalochordates and probably also Agnathes express only one type of muscle actin. Two types, a striated muscle specific form and a smooth muscle form, are already observed in Chondrichthyes and Osteichthyes. Later in evolution, with the origin of reptiles, both muscle actins seem to have duplicated again; the striated muscle type branched into a skeletal- and cardiac-specific form, while the smooth muscle form duplicated into a vascular- and stomach-specific type. These findings support the hypothesis that each of the four muscle actins of warm-blooded vertebrates are coded for by a small number and possibly only one functional gene. PMID- 6512858 TI - Gene 68, a new bacteriophage T4 gene which codes for the 17K prohead core protein is involved in head size determination. AB - We have identified the gene for a major component of the prohead core of bacteriophage T4, the 17K protein. The gene, which we call gene 68, lies between genes 67 and 21 in the major cluster of T4 head genes. All of the genes in this region of the T4 genome have overlapping initiation and termination codons with the sequence T-A-A-T-G. We present the DNA sequence of the gene and show that it codes for a protein containing 141 amino acids with an acidic amino-terminal half and a basic carboxyl terminus. Antibodies prepared against the 17K protein were used to show that it is cleaved by the phage-coded gp21 protease during head maturation and that most of the protein leaves the head after cleavage. A frameshift mutation of the gene was constructed in vitro and recombined back into the phage genome. The mutated phages had a drastically reduced burst size and about half of the particles produced were morphologically abnormal, having isometric rather than prolate heads. Thus, the 17K protein is involved in head shape determination but is only semi-essential for T4 growth. PMID- 6512859 TI - Purification and properties of native titin. AB - A procedure has been developed for the extraction and purification of the massive myofibrillar protein titin without exposing it to denaturing conditions. The form of the molecule that has been isolated is soluble at high ionic strength and alkaline pH, but precipitates in low salt or at pH values below 7. Sedimentation velocity experiments indicate that titin is a highly asymmetric molecule with a sedimentation coefficient of 13.4 S. This asymmetry is confirmed by electron microscopy of rotary-shadowed specimens, which shows string-like structures of diameter 40 A and lengths up to 8000 A. Significant differences were observed depending on whether the electron microscope specimens were prepared by spraying or by layering of the titin onto a mica substrate; we tentatively attribute these differences to elasticity in the titin, revealed by the high shearing forces that accompany spraying. In accord with this, the circular dichroism spectrum of titin indicates that its secondary structure is largely random coil, a conformation characteristic of elastic proteins such as elastin. Negative staining of titin again shows long string-like structures, but these can now be seen to have an appearance similar to a string of beads, where the spacing between successive beads is about 40 A. Very similar beaded strings have been observed also associated with negatively stained separated native thick filaments; these are found running alongside the cross-bridge regions and in coils near the filament ends. Since the periodicity of the strings is similar to that of end-filaments, recently identified structures at the tips of thick filaments, it is likely that end-filaments are formed from titin. Titin comprises approximately 9% of the myofibrillar mass, which means that it is the third most abundant protein in muscle. The possible role of titin in forming elastic filaments within myofibrils is discussed. PMID- 6512860 TI - An electron microscopic study on the type I pneumocyte in the cat: postnatal morphogenesis. AB - This investigation describes the morphogenesis of the type I pneumocyte from the neonatal stage to the age of 3 months. Cells lining subpleural air spaces were photographed from electron microscopic serial sections and a three-dimensional representation of each cell was obtained by transferring the contours of the cell membranes from micrographs to transparent plastic sheets which were then spaced to scale and stacked. The portion of the reconstructed cell surface taking part in the formation of the blood-air barrier increased extensively in postnatal stages when compared with reconstructed cells of prenatal stages. Reconstructed cell-surface irregularities decrease during distension. A cytoplasmic plate seen in the last stage studied may represent a forming alveolar pore. PMID- 6512861 TI - Displaced horizontal cells in the chick retina. AB - The retina of the chick contains retinal cells of a morphology very similar to that of the horizontal cells, but the perikarya, axons, and axon terminals lie in the inner plexiform layer. The discovery of this neuronal ectopia appears to support the idea that some horizontal and amacrine cells derive from a common, freely migrating cell. PMID- 6512862 TI - Ultrastructural study of the myocardial wall of the atrio-ventricular canal during the development of the embryonic chick heart. AB - In the early stages of chick embryo development (days 3-5) the myocardium of the atrio-ventricular canal (AV) is continuous with the atrial and ventricular muscles; however, interruption of muscular continuity is observed at later stages (from day 6 to day 8). The most relevant event occurring at the AV canal region is the dissociation of the myocytes due to the loss of their cellular attachments, rather than an invasion of connective tissue cells (endocardial and sub-epicardial) located on both sides of the myocardium. In this study, particular attention was paid to the sequential changes that take place in the myocardium of this region, these being (1) a reduction in the number of desmosomes and intercalated discs with the subsequent appearance of large, inter cellular spaces between myocytes; (2) migration of these cells through a complex extra-cellular matrix, to which it appears to be closely related, suggesting that the macromolecules of this matrix may be being synthesized by the myocytes, and may take part in the process of cardiac cell separation; (3) incorporation of the myocytes in the developing tricuspid valve, where they co-exist with fibroblasts. The results of the study correspond remarkably well to those previously carried out on the left AV canal myocardium, suggesting that the behaviour of the muscle is the same, at all points around the AV canal. PMID- 6512863 TI - A comparison of the short-term incorporation of erucic acid and oleic acid in the perfused guinea-pig heart. AB - A comparison was made of the incorporation of radioactive erucic acid and oleic acid in the isolated perfused guinea pig heart, 2, 15 and 30 min after a radioactive pulse. The complementary techniques of (a) freeze-clamping followed by lipid extraction and thin layer chromatography and (b) electron microscope autoradiography were used. The incorporation of 3H-erucic acid into esterified lipids was much slower than that of 3H-oleic acid. Less radioactive CO2 was produced by hearts perfused with 14C erucic acid then by hearts perfused with 14C oleic acid. There was no significant effect of erucic acid on the relative areas of subcellular organelles in the autoradiographs and, in particular, there was no increase in the volume of lipid droplets. However, the incorporation of radioactivity into lipid droplets was much greater with 3H-oleic acid than with 3H-erucic acid, consistent with the higher incorporation into tissue triacylglycerol. Although oxidized less than oleic acid, erucic acid was readily transported to the mitochondria. High levels of radioactivity in free fatty acid in the hearts perfused with erucic acid suggest that a low rate of activation of the fatty acid to acyl-CoA limits both oxidation and the formation of triacylglycerol. Electron microscopy of the hearts perfused with erucic acid revealed a widespread, and quantitatively demonstrable general movement of lipid droplets towards the surface of the cell. This was occasionally accompanied by a local rupturing of the sarcolemma, possibly prior to expulsion of the lipid droplet from the cell. PMID- 6512864 TI - The influence of the no-reflow phenomenon on reperfusion and reoxygenation damage and enzyme release from anoxic and ischaemic isolated rat hearts. AB - Eighty isolated rat heart preparations were used to study relationships among creatine kinase (CK) release, the loss of vascular competence (no-reflow), and the distribution of morphological changes across the left ventricular wall which occur during 60 min global ischaemia or anoxia and following subsequent oxygenated reperfusion. Hearts were either fixed with glutaraldehyde for light and electron microscopy or were injected with 1% fluorescein to define the distribution of perfusable vessels. The extent of no-reflow in half of the hearts was reduced experimentally by maintaining the diastolic volume of the left ventricular lumen during ischaemia and anoxia with a water-filled balloon. The amount of CK released during 20 min of reoxygenation or reperfusion was inversely proportional to the extent of the no-reflow area observed just prior to reoxygeneration, and also reflected the transmural extent and the severity of myocardial cell damage. Extensive contraction band necrosis was only observed in reperfused regions of anoxic hearts. In isovolumic hearts reoxygenation caused no reflow to develop in the ventricular myocardium, and this appeared to be associated with hypercontraction. Thus the no-reflow phenomenon has a profound effect on the transmural distribution of myocardial cell damage and enzyme release which follows post ischaemic reperfusion and post anoxic reoxygenation. PMID- 6512865 TI - Cardiac energetics in daunorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy. AB - Daunorubicin (DNR) was administered to one of each pair of litter mate rabbits at a weekly dosage rate of 40 mg/m2. Treated animals were killed when their pre ejection period: left ventricular ejection time ratio (PEP:LVET) reached or exceeded 0.4. Mechanical, myothermic and polarographic measurements were made upon papillary muscles obtained from the right ventricle of DNR treated rabbits and their litter mate controls. DNR treatment significantly increased the PEP:LVET ratio (41%) and increased the left ventricular: body weight ratio (24%). Basal metabolism, measured 2 h after cardiectomy, was significantly reduced whether measured myothermically or polarographically: both measurements were highly correlated but the O2 consumption values were higher. Peak stress development was 31% lower in the DNR treated rabbits but this reduction was largely accounted for by a larger cross-sectional area (CSA) of the papillary muscles in this group. There was no change in the slope of the active heat: stress relationships but the stress-independent (activation) heat intercept was depressed. In isotonic studies DNR treatment caused a 57% reduction in work output per beat (relative to controls) and a 39% decline in active energy output. Because of the approximately parallel shift in work and total energy output mechanical efficiency was not significantly changed. It is suggested that part of the basal energy production fall produced by DNR relates to protein synthesis inhibition but that most of the other mechanical and energetic effects are probably explicable in terms of the intrinsic hypertrophic response of the 'failing' heart. PMID- 6512866 TI - Cholinergic supersensitivity and decreased number of muscarinic receptors in atria from short-term diabetic rats. AB - Autonomic neuropathy is a major complication of chronic diabetes and is responsible for disturbances in the cardiovascular system and other organs. Early cardiac disturbances have been attributed to defective vagal control of the heart. The heart rates of rats with chemically-induced diabetes are depressed and an increase in blood pressure produces a greater reflex bradycardia in diabetic rats. Tomlinson and Yusof found that isolated, stimulated left atria from rats made diabetic with alloxan are supersensitive to the negative inotropic influence of acetylcholine. On the other hand, Rao, et al. found that perfused working heart preparations from streptozotocin- and alloxan-diabetic rats have a reduced sensitivity to carbamylcholine. In the present study, we measured chronotropic responses to cholinergic agonists of isolated, spontaneously-beating atria, as well as muscarinic receptor populations, in cardiac tissue from short-term (8 to 9 weeks) diabetic and age-matched control rats. PMID- 6512867 TI - A comparison of three therapeutic formats in the treatment of secondary orgasmic dysfunction. AB - The goal of the present study was to compare the effectiveness of three therapeutic formats: Standard Couple Therapy, Group Therapy, and Minimal Contact Bibliotherapy (self-help) in the treatment of 23 couples in which the wife was suffering from secondary orgasmic dysfunction. The results indicate that a cognitive-behavioral sex therapy program is clearly effective in changing a wide range of subjective satisfaction and behavioral measures, with concurrence of the husbands' and wives' data providing further strength to these findings. Differences in outcome which were elicited in the three experimental treatment conditions were mainly in favor of the Standard Couple condition. Since such differences were neither frequent nor great, practical issues related to increasing the effectiveness of less time-consuming treatment formats are discussed. In addition, the theoretical implications of using global versus specific therapy outcome criteria are explored. PMID- 6512868 TI - Correlations between female sex roles and attitudes toward male sexual dysfunction in thirty women. AB - This paper reports correlations between female sex role and attitudes toward male sexual dysfunction in a sample of 30 women. The findings mirror those of a related much larger study. Mechanisms that might explain these findings are explored. PMID- 6512869 TI - Rational-emotive therapy in the treatment of erectile failure: an initial study. AB - Sixteen males with erectile failure, married or living with their partners, were assigned to either 12 bi-weekly sessions (6 weeks) of Rational Emotive Therapy (RET) or a 6-week waiting-list control group. Active treatment administered by a graduate student in psychology with special training in RET resulted in patients making significantly more sexual intercourse attempts, reporting significantly reduced sexual anxiety, and having a significantly higher number of successful intercourse attempts than the waiting-list control group. While 6-9 month follow up revealed that most treated patients had fallen back toward the pretest baseline (lower rates of successful intercourse), group means as a whole were still significantly higher than pretreatment intercourse success rates. The significance of these findings are discussed. PMID- 6512871 TI - Pedophilia and heterosexuality vs. homosexuality. AB - In the context of a search for testable etiological theories of pedophilia, the relationship of pedophilia to partner sex preference was investigated. The proportional prevalences of gynephilia and androphilia were compared with the proportional prevalences of sexual offenders victimizing female children and of such offenders against male children. Since pedophilia either does not exist at all in women, or is extremely rare, only men were included in the study. We derived the proportional prevalence of androphilia from a review of the main pertinent studies, including Gebhard's reassessment of the study by Kinsey et al. particularly of the section on gynephilia vs. androphilia. The numbers of heterosexual vs. homosexual offenders against children were derived from the studies by Mohr et al., by Gebhard et al., and from a group of 457 sex offenders against children seen in the course of several years at the Department of Behavioural Sexology of the Clarke Institute of Psychiatry. There was a large difference between the proportion of prevalences of heterosexual vs. homosexual offenders against children on the one hand and the proportional prevalences of gynephilia vs. androphilia, on the other. This difference suggests that the development of erotically preferred partner sex and partner age are not independent of each other and that in pedophilia, the development of heterosexuality or homosexuality is brought about by factors different from those operative in the development of androphilia or gynephilia. PMID- 6512870 TI - Depressive symptoms associated with sexual assault. AB - The Beck Depression Inventory was used to assess depressive symptoms in 178 sexual assault survivors and 50 control subjects who had never been sexually assaulted. The sexual assault survivors reported significantly more depressive symptoms than the control subjects, and further analyses strongly suggested that the depressive symptoms were caused by the sexual assault. Investigation of the relationships between depression scores and survivor and assault characteristics indicates that the nonspecifics of the assault and the use of a weapon by the assailant were most highly correlated with development of depressive symptoms. PMID- 6512872 TI - The quality and quantity of marital intimacy in the marriages of psychiatric patients. AB - Lack of intimacy in the marital relationship is hypothesized to be associated with the presence of symptoms of nonpsychotic emotional illness in one or both spouses. The development of the Waring Intimacy Questionnaire (WIQ) has furthered the understanding of the relationship between intimacy and illness. A clinical sample (n = 184) was compared to a nonclinical sample (n = 188) on both the quality and quantity of intimacy. The clinical sample reports significantly lower intimacy [F (1, 370) = 37.5, p less than .001] and is deficient on almost all aspects of intimacy described, except sexuality. The results suggest that the WIQ is a useful assessment tool which may identify marital relationships that are not close, marital assessment may be useful in formulating a comprehensive treatment plan, and the sexual quality of marriage may operate independently of marital intimacy. PMID- 6512873 TI - End-stage renal disease in blacks: a national or international problem? PMID- 6512875 TI - Impact of an intervention program on minority medical students' National Board Part I performance. AB - An intervention program employing test-skills instruction and cooperative learning methods was presented to second-year minority medical students at a major state-supported medical school. The purpose was to enhance minority students' passing rate on Part I of the National Board of Medical Examiners examination. Nineteen of the 21 second-year minority students participated in the program. After the program had been conducted, it was observed that the passing rate of the minority students during that year significantly surpassed the rate of minority students from the previous year. Participants' passing rate approached the passing rate of the nonminority students in the class. Moreover, the mean National Board Examination score for the students participating in the program was not statistically different from that observed for an equal number of randomly selected second-year nonminority students. The results of the program were encouraging; further examination of the effects of support-intervention efforts on minority and nonminority medical students' performance are suggested. PMID- 6512874 TI - Traumatic diaphragmatic hernia. AB - A review of ten years of experience with traumatic diaphragmatic hernia, an often missed injury, is presented. The unusual occurrence of a right diaphragmatic hernia following blunt trauma, which occurred in one patient, prompted this retrospective review. A high index of suspicion is still a safeguard against missing this injury. The mechanism of diaphragmatic tear with blunt trauma is described and modes of diagnosis and treatment are discussed. PMID- 6512876 TI - Thallium 201 exercise scintigraphy for detection of multivessel coronary artery disease after transmural myocardial infarction. AB - Fifty patients with prior transmural myocardial infarction were studied with cardiac catheterization, coronary angiography, and thallium 201 exercise perfusion scintigraphy.Obstructive coronary disease involved two or three vessels in 37 patients. The sensitivity of a positive electrocardiographic test during exercise for detecting multivessel coronary disease was only 40 percent (15/37), and the sensitivity of a reversible defect on (201)Tl perfusion scintigraphy was 48 percent (18/37). The combination of exercise testing and (201)Tl scintigraphy detected multivessel coronary disease in 75 percent (28/37) (P < .05).New perfusion defects occurred in 61 percent (13/21) of patients with inferior myocardial infarction and multivessel coronary disease whereas it occurred in only 35 percent (5/14) of patients with prior anterior infarction and multivessel coronary disease (P < .05).(201)Tl exercise perfusion scintigraphy appears to be more sensitive for detecting significant multivessel coronary disease in the presence of previous inferior infarction compared with previous anterior infarction.Combined graded exercise testing and (201)Tl perfusion scintigraphy can reliably detect the presence of significant multivessel coronary disease after transmural myocardial infarction. PMID- 6512877 TI - Outpatient cataract and intraocular lens surgery. AB - Outpatient ophthalmic surgery has arrived, and ambulatory surgical centers are cropping up all across the country. Government and third-party payers have produced significant financial incentives for performing outpatient surgery, but there are, perhaps, more compelling reasons for allowing this option for patients. Advantages accrue to both the patient and the ophthalmic surgeon. Disadvantages can be minimized and the prospects for success can be maximized through proper preoperative workup, anesthesia management, and postoperative follow-up.In the experience of one of the authors with outpatient cataract and intraocular lens surgery, 66.7 percent of outpatients achieved visual acuity of 20/40 or better and 33.3 percent of inpatients achieved visual acuity of 20/40 or better. All patients had significant improvement in vision, and failure to achieve a 20/40 level of vision was caused by preoperative pathology. Because of these considerations, the authors believe that it is not only reasonable but prudent to direct the development of skills and techniques toward even safer and more efficient outpatient ophthalmic surgery. PMID- 6512878 TI - Spontaneous intercostal lung hernia. AB - Spontaneous intercostal lung herniae are infrequently described. Presented is a patient whose hernia arose after a vigorous cough. Treatment consisted of excision of the sac and repair. Demonstration of the defect roentgenographically and on physical examination is diagnostic. The defect can regress spontaneously; surgery is frequently curative, although techniques vary. PMID- 6512880 TI - The physical aspects of clinical nuclear magnetic imaging. PMID- 6512879 TI - Squamous cell carcinoma of the urethra. AB - In this presentation of the case of a patient with primary carcinoma of the urethra, roentgenographic changes are highlighted. PMID- 6512881 TI - Effects of ochratoxin A in the partially nephrectomized rat. AB - The effects of ochratoxin A (OA), a nephrotoxic mycotoxin, were investigated in partially nephrectomized (PN) rats (approximately 70% reduction in renal mass) following compensatory hypertrophy of the renal remnant. Renal function stabilized 27 d after surgery. PN rats compensated for the initial loss of renal function except for glomerular filtration rate (GFR, inulin clearance); this remained significantly impaired. Sham-operated (SO) rats cleared inulin and p aminohippurate (PAH) at rates of 3.84 and 7.49 ml/min, respectively, while compensated PN rats cleared inulin at 2.51 and PAH at 8.84 ml/min. Daily administration of low levels of OA produced decreased urine osmolality and body weight with a modest increase in urinary protein of PN versus SO rats. OA-treated rats cleared inulin, creatinine, and PAH at rates significantly lower than nontreated controls: 0.89 and 1.96 ml/min for inulin, 0.35 and 0.56 ml/min for creatinine, and 2.29 and 6.23 ml/min for PAH. Histopathological findings indicated a considerable increase in renal tubular necrosis and subcellular damage (i.e., loss of cytoplasmic ground substance, vacuolization, degeneration of mitochondria, and reorganization of endoplasmic reticulum) in PN animals versus controls, concurrent with alteration in renal function. These results verify that the nephrotoxic action of OA is elicited mainly in renal proximal tubules and is enhanced in the PN rat. PMID- 6512883 TI - The effects of cyclopiazonic acid on pregnancy and fetal development of Fischer rats. AB - To assess the potential effect of cyclopiazonic acid (CPA) on pregnancy and fetal development, Fischer-344 rats were dosed daily with 0, 1, 5, or 10 mg CPA/kg body weight on either d 8-11 or d 12-15 of pregnancy (sperm day = d 1). There were significant (p less than 0.05) decreases in feed consumption by high-dose dams of both groups. One high-dose rat in each group died prior to term, and signs of toxicity were observed in other high-dose animals. Animals that died had histologic lesions in the liver, spleen, kidney, and other organs. Remaining dams were killed on d 21. Compared to controls, there were no significant differences in pup weights, percentage pre- or postimplantation losses, or fetal deaths. Significant differences in skeletal development included retardation of ossification of cervical centra (d 12-15) and caudal vertebrae (d 8-11) in the two highest dose groups. Retardations of development were the most common manifestations of embryotoxicity. Since significant maternal toxicity occurred at the highest dose level in the absence of fetal malformations, the teratogenic potential of CPA is low. PMID- 6512882 TI - Neoplastic and nonneoplastic responses to chronic feeding of diethylstilbestrol in C3H mice. AB - Over 3000 female C3H/Hen-MTV+ mice continuously received graded dietary levels (0, 2.5, 5, 10, 20, 40, 80, 160, 320, and 640 ppb) of diethylstilbestrol (DES) beginning at weaning. Mice were scheduled to be killed after 3 or 26 wk of exposure and were palpated weekly and removed for histological evaluation when subcutaneous masses reached 1 cm diameter. Mammary tumors were more prevalent than in controls only at 320 and 640 ppb DES. However, palpable mammary tumors appeared significantly earlier than in controls in mice fed 80 ppb and above. Mice killed at 3 wk and later showed a dose-response for several nonneoplastic endpoints. At 3 wk, moderate to severe uterine glandular hyperplasia, lack of corpora lutea, and vaginal keratinization were more prevalent than in controls at 80 ppb; cervical adenosis was more prevalent than in controls at 160 ppb and above. Generally, the prevalence of other nonneoplastic responses such as uterine fibrosis, stromal mucoid changes, and bony trabecular proliferation were increased above control levels only later than 3 wk at 160 ppb and greater. This study demonstrated neoplastic and nonneoplastic responses to DES at and above 80 ppb, but gave no clear evidence of either type of response below this level. Conclusions are, (1) dietary levels of DES causing nonneoplastic effects also cause neoplastic effects when fed chronically, and (2) neoplastic levels of DES may be predicted from a 3 wk feeding study in C3H/HeN-MTV+ female mice based on nonneoplastic responses. PMID- 6512884 TI - Disposition of 2-mercaptobenzimidazole in rats dosed orally or intravenously. AB - The disposition of [14C]-labeled 2-mercaptobenzimidazole (MBI) in male Fischer 344 rats dosed orally (49 or 0.5 mg/kg) or intravenously (0.5 mg/kg) was determined. Absorption of the oral dose was evident, since, in 72 h, most of the radioactivity administered by either route appeared in the urine. Smaller amounts appeared in the feces. In 4 h, 12% of the radioactivity from an intravenous dose of 0.5 mg/kg was excreted in the bile of rats with biliary cannulas. For rats dosed intravenously, the half-life for disappearance of unchanged MBI from plasma was 125 min. In contrast, the terminal half-life for loss of radioactivity from blood was 83 h. The concentration of total radioactivity was higher in liver and kidney tissue than in blood. One of the major urinary metabolites was identified as benzimidazole, and a minor component was tentatively identified as unchanged MBI. Neither of these could be detected in bile. PMID- 6512885 TI - No evidence of carcinogenicity for L-ascorbic acid (vitamin C) in rodents. AB - Carcinogenesis studies of L-ascorbic acid were conducted by offering diets containing 0, 25,000 or 50,000 ppm L-ascorbic acid to groups of 50 F344/N rats and 50 B6C3F1 mice of each sex for 103 wk. Survival of dosed and control female rats and of dosed and control female mice were comparable. Survival of high-dose male rats was slightly greater than that of the controls, whereas survival of high-dose male mice was significantly greater than that of the controls. There was no observed differences in neoplasms between treated and control groups that were considered related to L-ascorbic acid. In female rats, several lesions usually seen in aged animals showed a dose-related decline. Under the conditions of these studies, L-ascorbic acid given at 2.5% or 5.0% in the diet for 103 wk was not toxic or carcinogenic for male and female F344/N rats or for male and female B6C3F1 mice. PMID- 6512887 TI - Endogenous material in brain inhibiting [3H]nicotine and [3H]acetylcholine binding. AB - The supernatant obtained from mouse brain homogenates contains material that inhibits the saturable binding of [3H]nicotine in mouse cerebral cortex. This inhibitory material was further purified by heat denaturation, ultrafiltration through an Amicon PM-10 membrane filter, and gel chromatography on Sephadex G-10. The material inhibited the binding of [3H]acetylcholine with the same potency as it did that of [3H]nicotine. It also had some affinity for the sites that specifically bind [3H]D-Ala, D-Leu enkephalin, but had much lower affinity for the binding sites for [3H]quinuclidinyl benzilate (QNB), [3H]spiroperidol, [3H]naloxone, or [3H]imipramine. Acid hydrolysis destroyed the activity. These preliminary results suggest the presence in brain of "nicotinelike" substances, one of which may be the endogenous ligand for the sites that specifically bind [3H]nicotine. PMID- 6512886 TI - Does the interstitial nucleus of cajal project to the hypoglossal nucleus in the rat? AB - The present study sought to determine whether or not the hypoglossal nucleus receives direct afferent projections from the interstitial nucleus of Cajal. Results from anterograde and retrograde labeling experiments in the rat indicated that while projections from the interstitial nucleus of Cajal do not terminate within the hypoglossal nucleus, they do so among a small group of neurons located ventrolateral to the hypoglossal nucleus, the nucleus of Roller. These findings are discussed in relation to orolingual motor behavior. PMID- 6512888 TI - Estimation of the apparent affinity of the striatal dopamine receptors for the radioligand[3H]spiperone [( 3H]spiroperidol). AB - The characteristics of the receptor population labeled by the ligand [3H]spiperone were determined by several experimental procedures. Varying the assay volumes, and hence both the receptor and ligand concentrations, did not alter the specificity for the dopamine (DA) receptor. The density of binding sites estimated from saturation analyses varied little (6%) over a greater than 50-fold tissue concentration range. In contrast, variation in tissue concentration did alter the apparent affinity of [3H]spiperone for the DA receptors more than 16-fold, as determined from saturation analyses. This was most marked at large receptor or tissue concentrations. The standard correction for depletion of the free ligand by that bound to the receptors reduced the range to threefold or 200%. Two separate measurements of the DA receptor affinity, using the rates of association and dissociation and the shift in Ki for DA, gave affinity measurements in the same range as that obtained using low concentrations of receptors in saturation analyses. Therefore, three separate estimates for the affinity of [3H]spiperone binding to the striatal DA receptors agreed that it is probably in the range of 10-15 pM, and single saturation experiments reach this level when the tissue concentration is very low, ie, less than 15 micrograms protein per 1 ml assay volume. PMID- 6512889 TI - Inhibition of brain tubulinyl-tyrosine carboxypeptidase by endogenous proteins. AB - When a 25-50% ammonium-sulphate-insoluble fraction from a bovine brain preparation was chromatographed on a cellulose phosphate column, several protein fractions which inhibit the activity of tubulinyl-tyrosine carboxypeptidase were obtained. One of these fractions exhibited activity of fructose-bisphosphate aldolase (EC 4.1.2.13) and the enzyme accounted for more than 95% of the protein of this fraction as judged by sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The inhibitory activities of the two protein fractions which had the highest activity per mg of protein were practically abolished by pretreatment with pronase; preincubation with trypsin, on the other hand, caused only a partial inactivation of the inhibitors. The inhibitory activities were little affected by heating at 90 degrees C for 5 min. Preincubation with purified tubulinyl-tyrosine carboxypeptidase caused a great decrease of the inhibitory activities of these two fractions, leaving open the possibility that these inhibitors act as substrates of the carboxypeptidase. PMID- 6512891 TI - The threshold quantity of nerve required to induce limb regeneration in the chick embryo. AB - Wingbuds of 4-day chick embryos were amputated at the future elbow joint and a segment of embryonic neural tube was implanted longitudinally in the stump. The cross-sectional area and number of nerve bundles were determined in limbs in which limb regeneration occurred and compared with similar measurements in control limbs without neural tube implant. The number of nerve bundles in regenerated limbs was not significantly greater than in control limbs which did not regenerate. However, the cross-sectional area of nerve bundles was significantly greater in the limbs that had undergone regeneration. The data support the view that the amount of axoplasm available at the amputation (surface) site is the essential factor in determining the success or failure of regeneration. PMID- 6512890 TI - Release of polyunsaturated fatty acids from phospholipids and alteration of brain membrane integrity by oxygen-derived free radicals. AB - We studied the effects of oxygen-derived free radicals on the ultrastructure of brain cortical slices and the release of fatty acids from phospholipids of crude synaptosomes. Xanthine oxidase, hypoxanthine, and ADP-Fe3+, a free-radical generating system, caused swelling of cellular processes and mitochondria. The oxygen-derived free radicals also caused the rapid release and accumulation of endogenous polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) from membrane phospholipids as determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Furthermore, [3H] arachidonic acid was also rapidly released from prelabeled phospholipids concomitant with a decrease in radioactivity in various phospholipid fractions. The radioactivities of neutral lipids including diacylglycerols were unchanged by free radicals. These data indicate that the activation of phospholipase A2 and the release of PUFA may have overt effect on membrane integrity and the subsequent development of cellular injury and brain edema. PMID- 6512892 TI - Glycoproteins and proteins in an axolemma-enriched fraction and myelin from developing rats: effect of maternal ethanol consumption. AB - The present study examined proteins and glycoproteins from an axolemma-enriched fraction from the developing offspring of female rats that were pair-fed control or 6.6% (50 g/liter) ethanol liquid diets on a chronic basis prior to parturition. In addition, this study examined the synthesis of the major CNS myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG) as an index of myelin maturation. The results of the latter study demonstrated normal MAG maturation in ethanol-treated rats. However, a significant decrease in the proportion of radioactivity associated with MAG was found in the developing offspring of ethanol-treated rats. The major axolemmal proteins from 32-day rats included those with molecular weights of 105 K, 81 K, 62 K, 55 K, 52 K, 36 K, and 33 K. Major peaks of radioactivity were associated with fucosylated axolemmal glycoproteins with apparent molecular weights of 150 K, 130 K, 85 K, 76 K, and 64 K. Several development-related changes in the protein composition of axolemma-enriched fractions were observed in control animals. Between 22 and 32 days of age control rats exhibited a significant (P less than .05) decrease in the proportion of axolemmal proteins that had apparent molecular weights of 150 K, 105 K, and 62 K. A development-related decrease in the 105 K axolemma-associated protein did not occur during the 22-32 day age period in the offspring of ethanol-treated animals. At 22 days the proportion of this 105 K protein in affected offspring was significantly (P less than .05) less than that in age-matched control rats and comparable to that in 32-day control rats. The relative distribution of radioactivity among fucosylated axolemmal glycoproteins also changed significantly between 22 and 32 days of age. These changes include a decrease in the proportion of radioactivity associated with the 110 K, 55 K, and 52 K fucosylated glycoproteins and an increase in the proportion of radioactivity associated with the 85 K and 67 K glycoproteins. Several small, but significant (P less than .05) alterations were found associated with glycoproteins in an axolemma-enriched fraction from 22- and 32-day ethanol-treated rats. PMID- 6512893 TI - Increased chromium uptake in polymorphonuclear leukocytes from burned patients. AB - Following thermal injury neutrophil function is severely impaired and thought to be hypometabolic; however, the host is considered to be hypermetabolic. To further investigate the metabolism and the function of neutrophils following thermal injury, neutrophil migration and chromium uptake were studied using radio labelled neutrophils. Random and directed migration were found to be significantly reduced compared to control values. Neutrophil lysozyme content was also reduced in these burn cells while serum lysozyme from the same patients was significantly elevated over control values. These data suggest lysozyme is released by the neutrophil into the circulatory system. The influx of chromium in cells from burned patients was much greater than the influx in normal cells used in studies for chemotaxis. Influx of chromium over time and over varying concentrations of chromium was linear (r2 = 0.90) in cells from burned patients and normals. Cells from burned patients, however, took up more chromium than normals. Influx velocity of chromium was also determined and found to be greater in burn cells than normal cells. Since it has been shown that chromium influx is an energy-dependent reaction it is suggested that cellular energy stores are being depleted by the influx of chromium. Whether this is a response to an intracellular deficit or uncoupling of metabolic pathways is not known at this time. PMID- 6512894 TI - Routine versus selective exploration of penetrating neck injuries: a randomized prospective study. AB - In an effort to settle the controversy regarding the optimal management of penetrating trauma to the neck, a randomized prospective study was conducted in which 160 patients with penetrating neck injuries admitted to Kings County Hospital between 1977 and 1982 were placed, by protocol, into two groups. Group A patients were explored routinely for all injuries to the neck violating the platysma muscle. Group B patients were managed selectively with operation based on clinical or radiographic evidence of major vascular, visceral, or airway injury. Data were collected retrospectively. Length of hospital stay, morbidity, and mortality were compared between groups A and B, as well as between patients explored or not, and no statistical difference was noted. Since there is no clear advantage to either routine or selective exploration in the management of penetrating neck wounds, we conclude that surgeons should base their treatment on their own experience, house staff and nursing support, and radiologic and operating room availability. PMID- 6512895 TI - Computed tomography in thoracoabdominal trauma. AB - This study evaluates our experience with CT scanning in thoracic and abdominal trauma. It was designed to analyze the accuracy and usefulness of CT with regard to: a) type of trauma, b) location of injury, c) timing of scanning, d) timing of operative intervention, e) confirmatory findings, and f) ultimate patient outcome. Between 1978 and 1983, 2,069 CT scans were performed for trauma in our institution, of which 122 were abdominal and ten thoracic, in 98 patients. Thirty one of these patients had operation or autopsy confirmation of the findings; for 11 patients subsequent CT was available. Abdominal scanning was positive in 48 patients. The organs most commonly injured were spleen (17 patients), pancreas (nine), kidney (11), and liver (eight). Two pancreatic scans were initially interpreted as negative, but in retrospect definite abnormalities were present. CONCLUSIONS: 1) Thoraco-abdominal CT scanning documents injury to the liver, spleen, kidney, and retroperitoneum with a high degree of accuracy. 2) CT is most useful in stable trauma patients without obvious indications for laparotomy but with abnormal findings requiring explanation. 3) CT scanning is useful in evaluating patients for delayed complications following trauma. 4) Attention to details of technique and clinical correlation are essential to avoid misinterpretation of thoracoabdominal CT scans, especially of the pancreas. 5) Use of CT scans may assist in the safe, nonoperative management of selected patients with injury limited to solid organs. PMID- 6512896 TI - Mortality in retroperitoneal hematoma. AB - Eighty-one patients sustained retroperitoneal hematoma (RH) from blunt (70%) and penetrating (30%) trauma. Retroperitoneal hematomas were classified into 10 centro-medial Zone I, 25 lateral Zone II, and 46 pelvic Zone III hematomas. The mean injury Severity Score (ISS) for the entire series was 26.4 +/- 14. The mean ISS of nonsurvivors was 37.6 +/- 12. Overall mortality was 20%; if head injury deaths are excluded (six), mortality was 13%. Retroperitoneal hematoma associated with pelvic fracture had a mortality of 19%. Incidence of respiratory failure for entire series, excluding head trauma, was 29%. Respiratory failure occurred in 37% of patients with Zone III injuries. A requirement for ventilatory support greater than 48 hours was associated with a mortality of 35%. PaO2/FIO2 at 48 hours in intubated patients was significantly decreased in nonsurvivors compared to survivors, whereas the mean ISS of this subset of patients did not differentiate between survivors and nonsurvivors. PMID- 6512897 TI - The pathophysiology of smoke inhalation injury in a sheep model. AB - This study describes an experimental model of smoke inhalation injury in sheep, in which the same pathophysiologic alterations occur as with clinical inhalation in man. Both the patients and the experimental sheep develop diffuse pulmonary mucosal sloughing, pulmonary edema, and a decrease in systemic oxygen tension. The results of this study indicate that the pulmonary edema is the result of an increase in microvascular permeability, characterized by increases in lung lymph flow (Qlym), lymph-to-plasma protein concentration ratio (L/P), and transvascular protein flux (Qlym X lung lymph protein concentration), while pulmonary vascular pressures remain constant. Neutrophil degranulation may contribute to the increased microvascular permeability. PMID- 6512898 TI - Crush syndrome with death following pneumatic antishock garment application. AB - PASG is commonly employed for the prehospital therapy of traumatic hypovolemic hypotension. Although complications are reportly uncommon, several reports of compartment syndromes after PASG application and the present report of a crush syndrome following PASG application raise serious questions about the currently accepted guidelines for PASG therapy. PMID- 6512899 TI - Radiologic management of a disrupted ureteral anastomosis and infected urinoma after gunshot wound. AB - This report describes the successful utilization of interventional radiology to treat two complications of a gunshot wound to the ureter. A disrupted ureteral anastomosis was managed by a percutaneously placed antegrade nephrostomy with internal urinary drainage and ureteral stenting. The associated infected urinoma was also radiologically drained. PMID- 6512901 TI - A postmortem review of trauma mortalities. PMID- 6512900 TI - Tetanus prophylaxis--do our guidelines assure protection? PMID- 6512902 TI - Sports medicine: misdiagnosis in catastrophic ski injuries. PMID- 6512903 TI - Haematuria in Nigerians: a prospective study. AB - One hundred and ninety Nigerians who presented with haematuria at an out-patient department were fully investigated and treated. There were 135 males and 55 females of mean age 37.8 years. Fifty-eight per cent of them presented over 3 months after onset of symptoms. Haematuria was severe in 27%, painless in 50%, intermittent in 26%. Infection accounted for 22.6%, neoplasms 17.4%, schistosomiasis, 14.2%, trauma 13.7%, benign prostatic hyperplasia 7.9%, calculous disease 7.9% and haemoglobinopathy 2.6%. There was no case of haematuria due to Hb type AS. Aetiology was unknown in 1.6%. Urethrocystoscopy and intravenous urography were the most rewarding investigations. All patients with carcinoma of the bladder presented very late and none survived more than 1 year after diagnosis. Eighty-six per cent of the cases were of non-schistosomal origin and the need for early and thorough investigation of haematuria is stressed. PMID- 6512904 TI - Assessment of efficacy of praziquantel against Schistosoma mansoni infection. AB - In order to assess the efficacy of praziquantel against Schistosoma mansoni infection, a clinical trial was carried out in Namool village in patients with different intensities of infection according to the geometric mean egg count. Different doses were given (20, 30, 40 mg/kg body weight). A parasitological follow-up was carried out after 1 and 6 months from treatment. The percentage of cure was high and reached 89.4% among the low-egg-count group who received 40 mg/kg body weight. A high percentage of reduction was noted in the mean egg count of the non-cured cases which reached 92.6% in the high-egg-count group who received 40 mg/kg body weight of praziquantel. Mild side effects increased in frequency as dosage increased, abdominal disturbance, vomiting and fever. Praziquantel seems to be an ideal drug against Schistosoma mansoni infection especially for mass treatment as it is given in a single oral dose. PMID- 6512905 TI - Residual chloroquine and metabolites in man as a sequel of previous chloroquine medications: a urinary excretion study and its significance. AB - In malaria-endemic areas like Nigeria, chloroquine is used frequently and extensively in the management of attacks. In this investigation urine samples of six different adult subjects showed a significantly wide range of excretion of total chloroquine and metabolites (10.01 to 0.021 mg) in 12 h due to residual levels of the drug in the subjects as a function of time of last medication with the drug. Two subjects representing extreme users of the drug--a naive subject and a frequent user--were given 300 mg of chloroquine each and the excretion rate profile monitored for 24 h. The first-time user of chloroquine showed a typical cumulative excretion pattern with total excretion of 16 mg while the frequent user showed a bimodal cumulative excretion curve with the second phase tending to a higher plateau effect and a total excretion of 21 mg in 24 h. These different levels of total excretion could be attributed to the influence of protein binding and tissue accumulation of the drug in the frequent user, and a second-phase excretion related to release of some bound chloroquine and metabolites. These effects are considered in relation to accumulation of chloroquine in the body resulting from frequent medication with the drug. Information regarding the time of last medication, and residual levels of chloroquine and metabolites is necessary for instituting the appropriate therapeutic regimen. The assay techniques involving single selective solvent extraction, thin-layer chromatography and spectrophotometric measurements, have been found adequately quantitative, simple and quick for use in routine clinical laboratory investigation. PMID- 6512906 TI - Oral rehydration therapy: combining anthropological and epidemiological approaches in the evaluation of a Papua New Guinea programme. AB - The impact of an oral rehydration therapy (ORT) programme for diarrhoeal disease was evaluated by means of continuing surveillance of this Papua New Guinea population. Mortality from diarrhoeal disease in the under-fives fell from 3.3/1000/annum before the ORT programme to 1.3/1000/annum after the programme had become established. However there is evidence that the attendance rate for diarrhoea treatment has begun to fall from its previously high level. These trends are explicable in terms of the target population's expectations of Western treatments. The implications of these findings for the design and evaluation of similar health programmes are discussed. PMID- 6512907 TI - Feeding practices in Europe: beliefs and motivations--and possibilities for change. PMID- 6512908 TI - The evolution of a primary health care programme: the Danfa experience 1970-1977. PMID- 6512909 TI - Selected factors influencing the coverage of an MCH clinic in Lagos, Nigeria. PMID- 6512910 TI - Maternal migrations and child health. PMID- 6512911 TI - Current concepts of antimicrobial therapy--4. PMID- 6512912 TI - Human rotavirus infection in Malaysia. II. A study on the influence of living standard on the prevalence of rotavirus-associated gastroenteritis in children hospitalized with diarrhoea. PMID- 6512914 TI - Breast-feeding, birth spacing and pregnancy care: prevalence and outcome. PMID- 6512913 TI - Palm oil: a pilot study of its use in a nutrition intervention programme. PMID- 6512915 TI - Mineral content of breast milk from north Indian mothers giving birth preterm and at term--implication for mineral nutrition of preterm infants. PMID- 6512916 TI - Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of theophylline in horses. AB - The pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of theophylline in horses were investigated following both intravenous and intragastric administration of aminophylline solutions at doses corresponding to 15 and 10 mg/kg theophylline base. A rapid distributive phase with a half-life of approximately 15-30 min was followed by a slower elimination half-life averaging 15-17 h. The apparent volume of distribution averaged 850-900 ml/kg. Theophylline, administered as aminophylline solution, was both rapidly and completely absorbed from the equine digestive tract. Based on the bioavailability and disposition kinetics of theophylline, an intragastric dosage regimen for aminophylline consisting of the administration of 5 mg/kg at 12 h intervals would be expected to maintain plasma theophylline concentrations within the therapeutic range. PMID- 6512917 TI - Population distributions of phenylbutazone and oxyphenbutazone after oral and i.v. dosing in horses. AB - Experiments to determine the residual plasma concentrations of phenylbutazone and its metabolites found in horses racing on a 'no-race day medication' or 24-h rule were carried out. One dosing schedule (oral-i.v.) consisted of 8.8 mg/kg (4 g/1000 lbs) orally for 3 days, followed by 4.4 mg/kg (2 g/1000 lbs) intravenously on day 4. A second schedule consisted of 4.4 mg/kg i.v. for 4 days. The experiments were carried out in Thoroughbred and Standardbred horses at pasture, half-bred horses at pasture, and in Thoroughbred horses in training. After administering the i.v. schedule for 4 days to Thoroughbred and Standardbred horses at pasture, the mean plasma concentrations of phenylbutazone increased from 0.77 microgram/ml on day 2 to 2.5 micrograms/ml on day 5. The shape of the frequency distribution of these populations was log-normal. These data are consistent with one horse in 1,000 yielding a plasma level of 8.07 micrograms/ml on day 5. After administration of the oral-i.v. schedule to Thoroughbred and Standardbred horses at pasture, the mean plasma concentrations of phenylbutazone were 3.4 micrograms/ml on day 2 and 3.5 micrograms/ml on day 5. The range on day 5 was from 1.4 to 8.98 micrograms/ml and the frequency distribution was log normal. These data are consistent with one horse in 1000 having a plasma level of 15.8 micrograms/ml on day 5. In a final experiment, the oral dosing schedule was administered to 62 Thoroughbred horses in training. Plasma concentrations on day 5 in these horses averaged 5.3 micrograms/ml. The range was from 1.3 to 13.6 micrograms/ml and the frequency distribution was log-normal. Statistical projection of these values suggests that following this oral dosing schedule in racing horses about one horse in 1000 will yield a plasma level of 23.5 micrograms/ml of phenylbutazone 24 h after the last dose. PMID- 6512918 TI - Effect of antidotal N-acetylcysteine on the pharmacokinetics of acetaminophen in dogs. AB - The effects of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on the pharmacokinetic parameters of acetaminophen (AP) in adult female beagles were studied. Each of eight dogs received a single i.v. injection of 150 mg/kg of AP as a 5% solution in a vehicle of 40% aqueous propylene glycol at 0 h. Each of four AP-treated dogs (Group I) received an oral dose of 140 mg/kg NAC as a 20% aqueous solution at 0 h, and 70 mg/kg at 30 min and 1 h post-AP administration. Four dogs (Group II) served as controls and received isotonic saline orally. Mild signs of AP toxicosis seen in both groups within 2-3 h of AP administration including depression, weakness, recumbency and methaemoglobinaemia. Relative to Group II, treatment with NAC (Group I) enhanced the elimination of AP from the body as indicated by the decreased plasma half-life (t1/2 = 1.06 h for Group I v. 1.78 h for Group II) and a higher elimination rate constant (beta = 0.67/h for Group I v. 0.40/h for Group II). Changes in the area under plasma concentration curve data (AUC = 0.39 mg.h/ml for Group I v. 0.65 mg.h/ml for Group II) were associated with a 61% increase in total body clearance of AP in Group I. The apparent volume of drug distribution Vdarea was not affected. PMID- 6512919 TI - Studies on the influence of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs upon trypanosomiasis in goats and sheep. AB - The non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) flurbiprofen caused a rise in parasitaemia in goats infected with Trypanosoma vivax, Trypanosoma congolense and Trypanosoma brucei. All trypanosome-infected goats treated with flurbiprofen showed many dividing trypanosomes. This also included the short-stumpy forms of T. brucei. In T. vivax-infected goats flurbiprofen treatment resulted in 100% mortality in the acute and chronic stages of the infection. The increase in parasitaemia of T. brucei infected goats, treated with flurbiprofen, was not associated with an increase in mortality. The increase in parasitaemia of T. congolense-infected goats, treated with flurbiprofen, tended to be associated with a somewhat higher mortality but this was statistically not significant. The significant rise in parasitaemia could be reproduced in T. brucei-infected sheep without, however, killing the animals. Two other NSAIDs were also studied. Suprofen caused a rise in parasitaemia and 100% mortality when given to goats in the acute stage of T. vivax infection. Results with flunixin meglumine, when tested in T. brucei infected goats, were not conclusive. PMID- 6512920 TI - Effect of staphylococcal enterotoxin B-induced diarrhoea on the pharmacokinetics of sulphadimidine in the goat. PMID- 6512921 TI - Legislation expands federal role in medical technology assessment. PMID- 6512922 TI - Leads from the MMWR. Human rabies--Pennsylvania. PMID- 6512923 TI - Leads from the MMWR. St Louis encephalitis--California. PMID- 6512924 TI - The LD50--a tradition in need of change. PMID- 6512925 TI - Male fertility in hot environment. PMID- 6512927 TI - Urinary incontinence associated with metoclopramide. PMID- 6512926 TI - Possible hepatitis from diaphragm fitting. PMID- 6512928 TI - Dosage errors involving opium. PMID- 6512929 TI - Early detection of prostate cancer by routine screening. AB - In an attempt to detect prostate cancer when the disease was still localized, a free screening clinic was established for men over the age of 45 years. Digital rectal examinations were performed for 811 men. Prostate biopsy was recommended to 43 in whom abnormalities were found by digital rectal examination; only 38 complied. Prostate cancer was detected in 11 men. The patients with cancer ranged in age from 60 to 79 years, with the highest incidence of cancer in the group aged 70 to 79 years. The overall incidence in men between 51 and 80 years old was 1.7%. Staging evaluation revealed that none of the patients with prostate cancer had metastases to the bone or elevated serum acid phosphatase levels. Five men (45%) were found by clinical or pathological methods to have stage B disease. Two others (18%) showed radiographic evidence of lymph node metastases (stage D1). The cost of detecting each cancerous prostate tumor was approximately +6,300. Routine screening can be a cost-effective method for diagnosing prostate cancer in patients with less extensive disease. The ability of early detection to prolong survival of patients with this disease will require further investigation. PMID- 6512931 TI - Cesarean section rates in the United States. The short-term failure of the National Consensus Development Conference in 1980. AB - The magnitude of cesarean section rates in the United States has been of increasing public concern. A consensus development conference in 1980 formulated recommendations that were expected to lead to a decrease in national cesarean section rates. A review of cesarean section patterns for the last five years in many representative states revealed, contrary to expectations, a continuing increase in cesarean section delivery rates even after the conference. A review of underlying causes for these developments suggests that only a more efficient peer review process, involving individual physicians as well as institutions, will lead to a decline of unacceptably high cesarean section rates in this country. PMID- 6512930 TI - The low risk of hepatitis B in rural hospitals. Results of a seroepidemiologic survey. AB - To determine the risk of hepatitis B virus infection for rural hospital employees, we obtained serum and a completed questionnaire from each of 2,064 employees of 11 rural hospitals. Only 96 (4.7%) employees had hepatitis B virus markers. Increased marker prevalence was significantly associated with prior residence in a city with a population of greater than 100,000 (odds ratio, 2.9; 95% confidence interval, 1.6 to 5.2) and increasing blood contact (odds ratio, 1.6; confidence interval, 1.2 to 2.3); however, the association with blood contact was not significant when we limited analysis to the 836 employees who had never lived in a city. We conclude that the risk of hepatitis B virus infection for these rural hospital employees is low, probably because the incidence of hepatitis B in rural areas is low. PMID- 6512932 TI - Allegiance to the corps. The physician's dilemma. PMID- 6512933 TI - The physiology of cardiopulmonary resuscitation. An update. PMID- 6512934 TI - Pneumothorax as a complication of placement of a nasoenteric tube. PMID- 6512935 TI - Asbestos. An environmental reality. PMID- 6512937 TI - Diagnostic and therapeutic technology assessment. Noninvasive extracorporeal lithotripsy. PMID- 6512936 TI - Premature concerns for cesarean sections? PMID- 6512938 TI - Diagnostic and therapeutic technology assessment. Percutaneous nephrolithotomy. PMID- 6512939 TI - Utility of the filtered bipolar esophageal lead in the diagnosis of arrhythmias. AB - Electrophysiologic study was performed in 25 patients with tachycardia or bradycardia attacks. The coronary sinus (CS) and filtered bipolar esophageal electrograms were recorded simultaneously to compare the phase of atrial activations. During sinus rhythm and high right atrial pacing, the esophageal and proximal CS atrial activations were nearly simultaneous but earlier by 26 +/- 5 msec on the average than the distal CS atrial activations. During reciprocating tachycardia due to reentry using a left-side accessory atrioventricular pathway for retrograde conduction the esophageal and CS atrial activations occurred earlier than the low septal right atrial activation, so the esophageal lead can be used as a substitute for the CS lead to clarify the eccentric retrograde atrial activation sequence. By using the filtered bipolar esophageal lead, the interval from Q wave on the surface electrocardiogram to the first rapid deflection in the esophageal atrial activation (Q-AESO interval) was measured in 15 patients with supra-ventricular tachycardia. All patients with reciprocating tachycardia due to reentry using a left side accessory atrioventricular pathway had Q-AESO intervals between 100 to 130 msec and four of five patients with a right side accessory atrioventricular pathway for retrograde conduction had Q AESO intervals between 130 to 150 msec. In contrast, all patients with reentry in the atrioventricular node had Q-AESO intervals between 30 to 60 msec. The esophageal lead is also of value in the prompt diagnosis of atrial flutter and ventricular tachycardia, since the esophageal electrograms readily reveal the relationship between atrial and ventricular activations. In conclusion, the filtered bipolar esophageal lead provides a non-invasive method for the quick diagnosis of various arrhythmias. PMID- 6512940 TI - Noninvasive evaluation of left ventricular function by systolic time intervals in essential hypertension with angina pectoris. AB - In order to clarify the hemodynamic characteristics in essential hypertension (HT) with angina pectoris (AP), systolic time intervals (STIs) were measured in 13 normal subjects (N), 23 patients with AP, 43 HT (WHO stage I: 13, WHO stage II: 23, WHO stage III: 7) and 19 HT with AP (WHO I: 9, WHO II: 10). The ET/PEP ratio was 2.41 +/- 0.24 in N, 2.70 +/- 0.34 in AP (p less than 0.02, vs N), 2.25 +/- 0.29 in WHO I, 2.13 +/- 0.25 in WHO II (p less than 0.01, vs N), 1.54 +/- 0.37 in WHO III (p less than 0.001, vs N), 2.68 +/- 0.32 in WHO I with AP (p less than 0.05, vs N: p less than 0.005, vs HT) and 2.71 +/- 0.30 in WHO II with AP (p less than 0.02, vs N: p less than 0.001, vs HT). Ejection time index (ETI) was 385 +/- 15 msec in N, 399 +/- 16 in AP (p less than 0.05, vs N), 387 +/- 13 in WHO I, 385 +/- 15 in WHO II, 363 +/- 25 in WHO III (p less than 0.05, vs N), 393 +/- 16 in WHO I with AP and 402 +/- 15 in WHO II with AP (p less than 0.05, vs N: p less than 0.01, vs HT). Pre-ejection period index (PEPI) was 142 +/- 10 msec in N, 135 +/- 11 in AP, 148 +/- 12 in WHO I, 156 +/- 13 in WHO II (p less than 0.005, vs N), 192 +/- 24 in WHO III (p less than 0.001, vs N), 134 +/- 13 in WHO I with AP (p less than 0.05, vs HT) and 136 +/- 9 in WHO II with AP (p less than 0.001, vs HT). These results showed that the ET/PEP ratio in HT with AP was significantly higher than that in HT alone, and this increase in ET/PEP ratio was mainly due to the shortening of PEP interval in WHO stage I and the lengthening of ET in addition to it in WHO stage II.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6512941 TI - Changes of left ventricular pressure-diameter-velocity relations by alterations of heart rate in conscious dogs. AB - Changes of left ventricular (LV) pressure-diameter-velocity relations by alterations in heart rate (HR) were investigated in 6 conscious dogs, instrumented with a pair of ultrasonic crystal probe, a micromanometer in LV and pacing electrodes on the left atrium. By atrial pacing the following four stages of HR were produced: stage (S)-I 112, S-II 134, S-III 158 and S-IV 179 bpm (mean HR). These alterations in HR were repeated before and during acute pressure loadings by methoxamine infusion. LV pressure-diameter and pressure-velocity relations were evaluated by the slope value of LV peak systolic pressure (LVSP) end-systolic diameter, E (D) max, and by the ratio of changes in mV cf (mean velocity circumferential fiber shortening) and LVSP before and during pressure loading, delta mVcf/delta LVSP, respectively. The average of E(D) max at each stage of HR was 9.45, 12.63, 12.59, 11.22 mmHg/mm, and delta mVcf/delta LVSP was 0.009, -0.006, -0.007, -0.009 circ./sec.mmHg, respectively. E(D) max increased more at S-II and S-III than at S-I, and reversely, E(D) max decreased more at S IV than at S-II. Similarly, delta mVcf/delta LVSP increased more at S-II than at S-I and decreased more at S-IV than at S-II, while delta LVSP and delta EDD (end diastolic diameter) were not different between stages. These changes in E(D) max and delta mVcf/delta LVSP presented the mountainous pattern effected by alterations in HR, whose changes were almost similar to that of LV peak positive dp/dt and mVcf before pressure loading. Thus, E(D) max is augmented by an increase in HR, which suggests the Bowditch-effect. Reversely, a decrease in E(D) max at a higher rate indicates a depressed inotropic state. E(D) max is dependent on HR and is a sensitive indicator of the contractility of LV. PMID- 6512942 TI - Clinical features of rheumatic heart disease in Bangladesh. AB - The clinical features of 205 cases of rheumatic heart disease in Bangladesh, including unique two-dimensional echocardiographic findings, were reported, and these were compared with those of 387 Japanese cases. The percentage of mitral stenosis (MS), aortic valvular diseases including both aortic stenosis and aortic regurgitation (A), mitral stenosis with aortic valvular diseases (MS + A) were almost the same between the two countries, but that of mitral regurgitation (MR) was higher, mitral stenosis and regurgitation (MSR) was lower in Bangladesh. The mean age of the patients with mitral valvular diseases was very young and the incidence of atrial fibrillation was very low in Bangladesh. Males predominated over females in MS (male/female = 1.2/1) and the incidence of pulmonary hypertension in MS was higher in Bangladesh. A two-dimensional echocardiographic examination showed that the rough zone was heavily involved in the rheumatic process with having a narrow mitral valve orifice while the clear zone was relatively spared and pliable in many patients with MS in Bangladesh. In MR, posterior mitral leaflets were shortened and made immobile by its submitral complex which were also thickened, fused and shortened, and these resulted in a gap or non-coaptation of the two leaflets in many patients. PMID- 6512943 TI - Circulating immune complexes and granulocytes chemotaxis in Kawasaki disease. AB - Serum immunoglobulin levels, complement titers, circulating immune complex levels, and chemotaxis of granulocytes were evaluated in 32 patients with Kawasaki disease with or without coronary aneurysm. The group of patients with coronary aneurysm showed relatively higher levels of IgG. Regardless of the presence of coronary aneurysm, the level of IgE in the acute phase was higher than that in the convalescent phase. The level of immune complexes was higher in the group of patients with coronary aneurysm (p less than 0.05). There was a low negative correlation between immune complexes and CH50. The chemotaxis of the patients with coronary aneurysm was significantly impaired (p less than 0.01). PMID- 6512944 TI - Histopathological findings of acute and convalescent myocarditis obtained by serial endomyocardial biopsy. AB - Serial endomyocardial biopsy findings in 20 cases with acute myocarditis of possible viral origin were analyzed. The histopathological findings were analyzed during the acute (0-10 days after the onset: 8.3 +/- 1.9 days; 6 cases), the subacute (11-21 days: 18.2 +/- 2.2 days, 6 cases), and the convalescent stages (22-167 days: 54.5 +/- 45.4 days; 8 cases). The incidence and severity of various changes of the cardiac myocytes and interstitial changes were analyzed and compared at each stage of the disease. In the acute stage, interstitial cell infiltrations were composed of fibroblasts, macrophages and lymphocytes, taken out in descending order. In the convalescent stage, interstitial cell infiltration showed a marked increase and was replaced by fibrocytes. In the subacute stage, transitional changes between the acute and convalescent stages were observable. A controlled myocardium in 21 cases with myocardial infarction which were compared at various stages revealed that in the acute stage, neutrophils were most prominent, and in the subacute and convalescent stages, macrophages were most prominent and plasma cells were most often observed. The time course changes of the histopathological findings in acute myocarditis were as follows: In the acute stage, Interstitial cell infiltration which is composed of fibroblasts, macrophages and lymphocytes, fragmentation of the muscle bundles, myocytolytic changes, swelling and scarcity of the cytoplasm and swelling of nuclei, variation in size of the myocytes, disarrangement of the muscle bundles, interstitial edema, increased glycogen deposition in the myocytes, abnormal branching of the myocytes, and interstitial fibrosis were observable. In the convalescent stage, most of the above described findings were still observable except for the myocytolytic change, swelling of myocytes and interstitial edema.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6512945 TI - Ultrastructural features of the endomyocardium in patients with eosinophilic heart disease. An endomyocardial biopsy study. AB - In a series of studies with endomyocardial biopsy, 7 adult cases with cardiac disease and eosinophilia were studied clinically and electro-microscopy. Degranulation of the eosinophils in the peripheral blood was observed ultrastructurally in 3 of the 4 cases studied. The clinical expression of the 7 patients were, restrictive cardiomyopathy in 2, dilated cardiomyopathy in 2 and sick sinus syndrome in 1 and others in 2. Endocardial thickening was observed in 5 cases, one of whom showed a marked cellular infiltration with macrophages, plasma cells, lymphocytes and mast cells. One other case showed cell debris of degranulated eosinophils. Degeneration of the myocytes was manifested by an increase in Z-bands of the myofibrils as well as streaming (1 case), disarrangement of the myofibrils, and mitochondrial change (1 case) which was characterized by giant mitochondria (1 case) as well as by a numerical increase in mitochondria. Increase of atrial granules and mitochondria in a right atrial biopsy of a case with sick sinus syndrome was noteworthy. Basal lamina layering of the capillaries of the myocardium and pyknosis of an endothelial cell cytoplasm were also noted in each case. These observations may reveal that various disease processes are taking place in the endocardium and adjacent myocardium. PMID- 6512946 TI - Arrhythmia in young patients with mitral valve prolapse. AB - Twenty four-hour ambulatory ECG monitoring were examined in 68 patients (33 patients in a young group and 35 patients in an adult group) with mitral valve prolapse (MVP) in order to characterize the features of arrhythmias in young patients with MVP in comparison with those in adult patients. Diagnosis of MVP was made by two-dimensional echocardiography. On 24-hour ambulatory ECG monitoring 29 patients (88%) in a young group had arrhythmias which was as frequent as those in adult group, but serious ventricular arrhythmias were more often detected in the young group (7 patients) than in the adult group (2 patients). It was considered that arrhythmias in young patients with MVP were frequently serious but accompanied without any symptoms and cardiac dysfunction. PMID- 6512947 TI - Effect of coenzyme Q10 on the stress-induced decrease of cardiac performance in pediatric patients with mitral valve prolapse. PMID- 6512948 TI - Follow-up study of the arrhythmic graduates from the schools under the heart disease program for students in Osaka. AB - A long term follow-up study of arrhythmic graduates from junior or senior high schools under the Heart Disease Program in Osaka was performed by mailing questionnaires. The age of the total 515 subjects ranged from 20 to 38 years, 26.9 years on an average. From 397 graduates (77%), answers to questionnaires were obtained. We could confirm 92 graduates were alive (18% of total subjects) among the 118 graduates who did not return their answers to the questionnaires. The following is what we could confirm through the present study: The prognoses of simple premature beats, Wenckebach type heart block and complete right bundle branch block are good in young adults. The prognosis of sick sinus syndrome does not warrant an optimistic prognosis even in young adults. The prognosis of WPW syndrome in young adults is not always fair if they have a history of paroxysmal tachycardia. From 95 to 97% of the graduates with arrhythmia as a whole answered that their daily lives are quite similar to those of healthy people. Attitudes toward daily life and medical checks were also studied. PMID- 6512949 TI - Physiological significance of the slope of the regression equation between oxygen consumption and heart rate in exercise testing. AB - The relationship between oxygen consumption (VO2) and heart rate (HR) was studied in 62 male children. Based on clinical evaluation and history, they were divided into three groups, i.e., athlete, ordinary and failed. There was a high linear correlation between HR and VO2 in each individual. The averaged values of the slope and standard deviations were 2.09 +/- 0.189 in the athlete group (n = 17), 2.60 +/- 0.140 in the ordinary group (n = 16) and 3.17 +/- 0.591 in the failed group (n = 29). The statistical differences were confirmed among the groups (p less than 0.005). The results suggested that the slope of the HR vs. VO2 relation was related to an inotropic state of cardiac function. We concluded that the slope was a more suitable and more direct evaluation of cardiac function during exercise. Moreover, the method was non-invasive and safe because it required no potentially hazardous maximum work load for the patients. PMID- 6512950 TI - Computer analysis of frank vectorcardiograms in normal children--maximal spatial QRS vector. AB - Frank vectorcardiograms recorded on magnetic tape were analyzed by a computer. The study population was 835 normal children aged from 6 to 16. Magnitudes, angles (azimuth, elevation) of the maximal spatial QRS vector and QRS duration were calculated. The magnitude of maximal spatial QRS vector increased significantly in males compared to those in females at ages 9-10, 11-12 (p less than 0.01) and 15-16 (p less than 0.001). Though there was no significant difference of elevation in either sex, azimuth tended to move more anteriorly in females than in males. QRS duration in males became longer with increasing age, while in females at age 15-16, it decreased (p less than 0.001). PMID- 6512951 TI - A network data base system for children with cardiac disease--echocardiographic data of MCLS. AB - We developed a computer-assisted network data base system for children with cardiac diseases. It aims at storage and exchange of medical information from many hospitals to prevent school children from sudden death caused by heart diseases. The computer system used was PANAFACOM U-1500 introduced at Shimane Medical University Hospital in 1980. The format of the questionnaire is designed to standardize the computer-assisted data-entry method among different hospitals. The entries of questionnaires are composed of basic information about the patient and laboratory information. The former is identification data of the patient, and the latter principally the values of M-mode echocardiographic measurement. Two types of output-tables were made from the data base. One is a table of each disease, and the other each hospital. PMID- 6512952 TI - [Changes in plasma amino acids in the septic hyperdynamic state]. PMID- 6512953 TI - [Effects of anesthetics and measuring techniques on the observed basal myocardial hemodynamics of experimental animals]. PMID- 6512955 TI - [Effects of domperidone on upper and lower intestinal movement in man]. PMID- 6512954 TI - [Effects of dopamine, dobutamine and phenylephrine on the hepatic circulation and hepatic metabolism during halothane and non-halothane anesthesia]. PMID- 6512956 TI - [A comparison of spinal and epidural anesthesia in patients with rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 6512957 TI - [Influence of halothane, enflurane and epidural anesthesia on the secretion of gastric juice and gastrin]. PMID- 6512958 TI - [Evaluation of isolated forearm technique for detection of wakefulness during endotracheal intubation procedures]. PMID- 6512959 TI - [Continuous muscle and subcutaneous tissue pH monitoring with polymer sensor]. PMID- 6512960 TI - [A research on misfilling of inhalation anesthetics into vaporizers]. PMID- 6512961 TI - [Ketamine anesthesia for a patient with epidermolysis bullosa dystrophica]. PMID- 6512962 TI - [Anesthetic management of necrotizing enterocolitis in very small premature infants--report of three cases]. PMID- 6512964 TI - [Anesthetic management of the removal of the left atrial myxoma]. PMID- 6512963 TI - [A case report of anesthesia in a shocked obstetric patient complicated with Ehlers-Danlos syndrome]. PMID- 6512965 TI - [A case of hyponatremia with prostatic carcinoma]. PMID- 6512966 TI - [Ataractoanesthesia for removal of aldosterone producing tumor]. PMID- 6512967 TI - [Hypertensive response to labetalol in pheochromocytoma]. PMID- 6512968 TI - [Transient left-bundle-branch block during anesthesia]. PMID- 6512969 TI - [Treatment of malignant hyperthermia by dantrolene sodium administered through a nasogastric tube]. PMID- 6512970 TI - [Goldenhar's syndrome and anesthesia]. PMID- 6512971 TI - [Color version of pediatric anesthesia preparation program (CPAPP)]. PMID- 6512972 TI - [Shock and complement]. PMID- 6512973 TI - [Abnormal regulation of blood pressure--hemodynamic study]. PMID- 6512975 TI - [Study on pulmonary gas exchange indices by computer simulation]. PMID- 6512974 TI - [Effect of halothane on instantaneous pulmonary capillary blood flow measured by direct intratracheal flow method]. PMID- 6512976 TI - [Epidural residual pressure and spread of analgesia in epidural anesthesia]. PMID- 6512977 TI - [Spread of lumbar epidural analgesia and the epidural pressure following the drip infusion technique of local anesthetics]. PMID- 6512978 TI - [Effects of inhalation anesthetics on carotid body chemoreceptor activity]. PMID- 6512979 TI - [Fundamental and clinical studies of intravenous drip infusion of micronomicin in respiratory tract infection]. AB - A study was carried out with the aminoglycoside antibiotic micronomicin (MCR) to determine its clinical efficacy in respiratory infections on the one hand and its serum levels on the other. MCR was administered in single dose of 60 mg twice daily by intravenous drip infusion over 1 hour to 5 patients with infections aggravation of chronic bronchitis and 3 with pneumonia. Of the total of 8 patients treated, 3 had remarkable and 4 had good responses with a response rate of 87.5%, while 1 has no benefit. Adverse effects on the clinical picture or on laboratory test results were not observed. The peak serum concentration of MCR after a 1.5 hours drip infusion of 90 mg was 7.74 micrograms/ml. In view of the risk of adverse effects, the serum concentration lay on appropriate levels. It is expected therefore that the intravenous drip infusion of MCR will be of particular interest in the treatment of relapse of chronic bronchitis and pneumonia. PMID- 6512980 TI - [Study of cefoperazone in the field of obstetrics and gynecology. Susceptibility of clinical isolates to cefoperazone and cefoperazone concentrations in the exudate of the pelvic dead space]. AB - As indexes for administration of cefoperazone (CPZ) in the treatment of gyneco obstetrical infections, sensitivities to CPZ of important pathogenic organisms and CPZ concentrations in the exudate of the pelvic dead space were determined, and a pharmacokinetic analysis was made on the results. Sensitivities to CPZ were determined for freshly isolated organisms from gynecological material consisting of 227 strains of 7 aerobic bacteria and 70 strains of 1 anaerobic bacterium, in a total of 297 strains. MIC80 values of CPZ against E. coli, K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa, E. cloacae, C. freundii, S. aureus, S. epidermidis and B. fragilis were 0.39, 0.78, 6.25, 25, 50, 12.5, 12.5 micrograms/ml and 6.25 micrograms/ml, respectively. On the whole, these activities are relatively superior to those of other antibiotics. CPZ concentrations in the exudate of the pelvic dead space and their changes with time after 2 g single dose by drip infusion were Cmax 93.89 micrograms/ml, Tmax 1.53 hours, T 1/2 4.33 hours and AUC 759.4 hr X micrograms/ml. After 1 g single dose, they were Cmax 37.7 micrograms/ml, Tmax 3.2 hours, T 1/2 2.78 hours and AUC 339.2 hr X micrograms/ml. Similarly, after 2 g single dose intravenously, they were Cmax 111.02 micrograms/ml, Tmax 0.761 hours, T 1/2 6.22 hours and AUC 1,083.9 hr X micrograms/ml, and after 1 g single dose, they were Cmax 29.1 micrograms/ml, Tmax 2.65 hours, T 1/2 4.82 hours and AUC 296.9 hr X micrograms/ml. Similarly, after 2 g single dose intramuscularly, they were 39.4 micrograms/ml, Tmax 2.70 hours, T 1/2 8.19 hours and AUC 584.7 hr X micrograms/ml, and after 1 g single dose, they were Cmax 26.4 micrograms/ml, Tmax 5.79 hours, T 1/2 5.53 hours and AUC 435.7 hr X micrograms/ml. As indicated, there were noted dose-dependent responses and the kinetics of CPZ exudate concentrations varied with the administration routes. Whatever the dose level and the administration route were, CPZ exudate concentrations covered MIC80 values against important clinical isolates for 10 to 12 hours. This suggests that we can well expect of the antibacterial activity of this drug by any of these administration routes and dosages on the intrapelvic lesions. PMID- 6512982 TI - [Experience in combination therapy with amikacin and cephapirin for infections complicated with acute leukemia during induction chemotherapy]. AB - We treated infections accompanied with induction chemotherapy in 9 patients with acute leukemia by the combination of amikacin (AMK) and cephapirin (CEPR). The result was that 1 case was markedly effective, 2 cases were effective, 3 cases were marginally effective, 2 cases showed no effect and 1 case who underwent prophylactic medication had no infection. We recognized no adverse effects by AMK or CEPR. We concluded that the combination of AMK and CEPR was useful as first choice to the treatment of infections during induction chemotherapy of acute leukemia. PMID- 6512981 TI - [Clinical trial of fosfomycin for Campylobacter enteritis]. AB - Forty-three children and 4 adults with Campylobacter enteritis were studied in the treatment of fosfomycin (FOM). FOM was administered per orally in doses ranging from 50 to 100 mg/kg/day for children and 3 g/day for adults for 5 days. Main symptoms such as diarrhea and fever were disappeared within 2 days on the average. Campylobacter jejuni in stool specimen disappeared within a week in 95% of these patients. The duration of main symptoms and the period of positive stool culture were evidently shortened in FOM-treated group compared with non-treated group. All of the isolated strains were sensitive to FOM by mono-concentration disk method. MIC50 of these strains remained between 1.56 and 3.13 micrograms/ml. None of these MIC was beyond 12.5 micrograms/ml. PMID- 6512983 TI - Pharmacokinetics in the cerebrospinal fluid after simultaneous administration of latamoxef and ampicillin to rabbits with staphylococcal meningitis. PMID- 6512984 TI - [Clinical studies of cefoxitin with special reference to pulmonary suppuration and pyothorax with respiratory tract infection]. AB - Cefoxitin (CFX) was administered to 12 patients with respiratory tract infections, including mainly patients with pulmonary suppuration or pyothorax. The results were as follows: CFX was effective in 75% of the total patients, and in 83% of the 6 patients with pulmonary suppuration or pyothorax. Microorganisms which were considered to be causative were isolated in 8 of 12 patients. Bacteriological responses were "eradicated" in 4 patients, "replaced" in 3 patients, "unchanged" in 1 patient. A slight elevation of S-GPT was observed in one patient and elevation of A1-P in another following CFX administration; however, these values returned to normal shortly after completion of drug administration. No adverse effects, allergic symptoms or laboratory abnormalities were observed. PMID- 6512985 TI - [Clinical studies on cefoxitin in the treatment of respiratory tract infections]. AB - The clinical effects of cefoxitin (CFX) were studied in 31 cases of respiratory tract infections. The results were as follows: As for the clinical effects, CFX was excellent in 5 cases, good in 13, fair in 8 and poor in 5 out of 31 patients; the efficacy rate was 58.1%. The efficacy rate was 57.1% in bronchopneumonia, 61.1% in pneumonia and 50.0% in acute exacerbation of chronic respiratory tract infections. The efficacy rate was 70.6% in the group of 4 g/day or less and 42.9% in the group of 6 g/day or more. The efficacy rate was 50.0% in 6 cases that had not been responded to other antibiotics previously. As for side effects, skin eruption was observed in only 1 patient. No abnormality was observed in laboratory tests due to CFX. In conclusion, CFX is a useful drug in the treatment of respiratory tract infections. PMID- 6512986 TI - The spontaneously hypertensive rat (19). Proceedings of the XIX annual scientific meeting of the Council for the Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat (SHR). October 13 14, 1983, Kanagawa-ken. Abstracts. PMID- 6512987 TI - Considerations on the nature of irregularity of the sequence of RR intervals and the function of the atrioventricular node in atrial fibrillation in man based on time series analysis. AB - Using sinus arrhythmia as a control, we elucidated the random nature of RR intervals during atrial fibrillation in man and determined the function of the atrioventricular (AV) node from the variability of RR intervals. The major difference between the characteristics of sinus arrhythmia and those of atrial fibrillation is the presence of a significant correlation between successive intervals in the former. Since the pattern of distribution of RR intervals in atrial fibrillation is unimodal and skewed to the right and so can be fitted to an Erlang distribution, atrial inputs can be considered to be summated to a certain threshold for ventricular activation in the N region of the AV node, the number of cumulative atrial inputs corresponding to this threshold being the phase of this Erlang distribution. The function of the AV node during atrial fibrillation is to transform an exponentially distributed input into an Erlang distributed output. Loss of inputs occurs between the atria and the N region and the greater the loss of inputs the slower the ventricular response. However, the greatest loss occurs in the N region for summation of atrial inputs required to elicit ventricular activation. PMID- 6512988 TI - Electrocardiographic study of chronic pulmonary emphysema by means of body surface mapping. AB - In order to investigate the electrocardiographic changes in patients with chronic pulmonary emphysema (CPE), 87 unipolar electrocardiograms were simultaneously recorded in 20 normal subjects and 22 patients with CPE. The voltages and the sites of Max. R (most positive R) and Max. S (most negative S) in these 87 leads were investigated. Further, the voltages and the sites of the maximum and the minimum on isopotential maps during the QRS period were examined. In patients with CPE, the sites of Max. R, Max. S, the maximum and the minimum were all positioned lower than in normal subjects. However, the voltages of Max. R and Max. S in CPE were not significantly different from those in normal subjects. It was considered that the most prominent change in the body surface maps in CPE was the downward shift of potential distribution. This change seems to be due mainly to the downward displacement of the diaphragm and the heart resulting from the overinflation of the lung. PMID- 6512989 TI - Reconsideration of heart rate-cardiac output relationships and resting cardiac function in patients with brady-arrhythmias. AB - Different types of heart rate (HR)-cardiac output (COP) relationships were compared with their clinical features and hemodynamic findings in 56 patients with brady-arrhythmias (BA). HR was raised by increments of 10 beats per minute (bpm) at 3 min intervals, from spontaneous rates to 100 or 110 bpm by right ventricular pacing. Cardiac and left ventricular (LV) functions at BA were evaluated by intra-cardiac pressures, COP measured by the thermo-dilution method and echocardiographic data. HR-COP relationships were divided into the following 3 types: 24 patients of flat (F), 18 of peaked (P) and 14 of increased (I) type. There were more patients with complete atrio-ventricular block, particularly His ventricular block, and cardiomyopathic patients with the "P" type than with the other types. Cardiac index, stroke index, stroke work index and systemic vascular resistance were greater in "I", but these differences were not significant. LV peak systolic pressure (LVSP) and end-diastolic pressure (EDP) in "I" increased more than in "F". EDP, LV end-diastolic and end-systolic dimension (ESD) in "P" increased more than in "F". Systolic excursion and LVSP/ESD ratio in "I" increased more than in the other types. Heart failure prior to implantation of pacemaker (PM) and post-PM occurred more frequently in "P". "F" and "I" patients showed comparatively good clinical courses after PM. Thus, cardiac and LV function during BA are maintained in "F" and are impaired in "P", as reported previously. On the other hand, cardiac functions are maintained in "I" as they are in "F", mainly due to contributions of the Frank-Starling mechanism and partly due to maintenance or slight augmentation of contractility. PMID- 6512990 TI - Carotid bruits and their clinical significance. AB - Vascular murmurs were routinely sought over the carotid arteries in 1,777 outpatients of 40 years of age or older who attended the cardiovascular clinic of our institute, and carotid bruits were heard in 82 patients (4.6%). The prevalence of carotid bruits increased with age from 5/467 (1.1%) in patients aged 40 to 49 years to 26/150 (17.3%) in those aged 70 to 79 years. Calcification of the carotid arteries was examined by posteroanterior films of the cervical spine in 447 patients 60 years of age or older and carotid calcification was found in 20 (42.6%) of 47 patients with carotid bruits and in 50 (12.5%) of 400 patients without them. The incidence of carotid calcification in the former group was 3.4 times that in the latter (p less than 0.01), although the incidences of hypertension and glucose intolerance were not related to the presence or absence of carotid bruits. A history of cerebral bleeding or infarction was found in 19 (23.2%) of 82 patients with carotid bruits, as compared with 64 (3.8%) of 1,695 patients without them (p less than 0.01). However, the location of the cerebrovascular lesions did not necessarily correlate with the laterality of the carotid bruits. These results indicate that patients with carotid bruits show an increased risk of stroke and that these bruits are a general and non-focal sign of severe atherosclerotic cerebrovascular disease. PMID- 6512991 TI - Effect of denervation on the afferent arteriole in the SHR. AB - To study the role the renal nerves may play in the hypertension of the SHR, we conducted a morphometric study of the afferent arteriole of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and Wistar Kyoto rats (WKY) which were subjected to renal denervation (or sham-operation). Methacrylate casts were made of the renal vasculature after perfusion fixation with glutaraldehyde. These vascular casts were then examined and measurements made with the scanning electron microscope (SEM). Afferent arterioles of the denervated SHR were dilated in comparison to the sham-operated SHR, but there was no difference between the afferent arteriolar diameters of the 2 groups of WKYs. However, the afferent arteriolar diameters of the SHR (either group) were smaller than those of the WKY. Renal denervation caused a reduction in systolic blood pressure compared to sham operated in both strains of rat. We concluded that the dilation changes of afferent arterioles of denervated SHRs may be related to renal autoregulation resulting from the decreased blood pressure. However, the effect of the loss of sympathetic innervation of the arterioles cannot be ruled out. PMID- 6512992 TI - Effects of dopamine on sinoatrial conduction in isolated, blood-perfused dog atria. AB - Dopamine, administered at a constant infusion rate of 1-2 micrograms/min into the cannulated sinus node artery of the isolated dog atrium, decreased sinus cycle length (SCL) from 630 +/- 19 to 501 +/- 22 msec (mean +/- SEM, 38 trials in 12 atria). However, on sinoatrial conduction time (SACT) estimated by a constant atrial pacing method, dopamine produced 2 types of response (shortening and lengthening) with sinus tachycardia. In 24 trials in 11 atria, the drug decreased SACT from 86 +/- 8 to 56 +/- 4 msec, and in 14 trials in 6 atria it increased SACT from 67 +/- 7 to 101 +/- 9 msec. In general, the effects of dopamine on SACT were dependent on the control levels of SCL: dopamine caused a reduction of SACT at small levels of SCL and a prolongation at large levels. At a control sinus rate of 120 beats/min, dopamine usually shortened SACT. Dopamine-induced shortening of SACT was blocked by a beta-adrenoceptor blocker, propranolol, and an uptake blocker, imipramine, but not by a dopaminergic inhibitor, sulpiride. Furthermore, dopamine-induced lengthening of SACT tended to be suppressed by propranolol, but not by sulpiride. It is concluded that the dopamine-induced changes in SACT are mediated via beta-adrenergic mechanism and partially due to a tyramine-like action. PMID- 6512993 TI - Functional cardiac depression caused by defibrillator shocks. Quantitation of the safety factor for electrical defibrillation. AB - The overdose shock strengths required to depress ventricular contraction were determined for damped sinusoidal current in 7 metabolically supported, isolated contracting canine hearts. Each heart was suspended in an isoresistive and isotonic solution-through which the defibrillating shocks were delivered. Defibrillation thresholds were determined with standard damped sine wave shocks of 4.4-5.5 msec duration. Then overdose shocks were delivered and the depressant effect on systolic left ventricular pressure was measured for shocks of 3-12 times threshold current. The minimum (threshold) current and energy densities required to defibrillate were 59.5 +/- 4.6 mA/cm2 (average) and 3.12 +/- 0.2 mJ/cm3. Increasing the shock strength above threshold produced a concomitant reduction of postshock left ventricular systolic pressure. The current and energy densities required to produce 50% depression (TD50) of left ventricular systolic pressure were 5.0 and 24.1 times the threshold current and energy densities respectively, indicating a wide safety margin using this criterion. PMID- 6512994 TI - Different effects of acute ischemia and anoxia on the canine myocardium. AB - We investigated differences between ischemic and anoxic myocardium with respect to early mechanical and metabolic changes. Ischemia and anoxia were induced in the area perfused by the distal left anterior descending artery in 32 mongrel dogs. Since both the ischemia and the anoxia in this preparation resulted in very little change in global cardiac hemodynamics, indirect mechanical and metabolic effects on the involved myocardium were minimal. However, regional anoxia caused a later development of a myocardial systolic bulge than did regional ischemia (44.8 +/- 13.6 vs 26.8 +/- 9.9 sec). Myocardial ATP content was reduced to the same level 5 min after the onset of ischemia and anoxia. Anoxia with high K+ did not result in an earlier myocardial systolic bulge time, but myocardial ATP was maintained at a higher level than during ischemia. Anoxia with low pH also did not affect the time for development of a myocardial systolic bulge. We concluded that neither acidosis nor hyperpotassemia are more causally related to the earlier development of a myocardial systolic bulge during regional ischemia than during regional anoxia. Also the absolute value of myocardial ATP content is unlikely to be causally related to the determination of myocardial contraction, as reflected by the development of a myocardial systolic bulge. PMID- 6512995 TI - Chronotropic, dromotropic and inotropic effects of dilazep in the intact dog heart and isolated atrial preparation. AB - When dilazep was administered intravenously to the anesthetized donor dog, mean systemic blood pressure was dose dependently decreased. At a dose of 0.1 mg/Kg i.v., the mean blood pressure was not changed but a slight decrease in heart rate was usually observed in the donor dog. At the same time, a slight but significant decrease in atrial rate and developed tension of the isolated atrium was induced. Within a dose range of 0.3 to 1 mg/Kg i.v., dilazep caused a dose related decrease in mean blood pressure, bradycardia in the donor dog, and negative chronotropic, dromotropic and inotropic effects in the isolated atrium. At larger doses of 3 and 10 mg/Kg i.v., dilazep caused marked hypotension, frequently with severe sinus bradycardia or sinus arrest, especially in isolated atria. When dilazep was infused intraarterially at a rate of 0.2-1 micrograms/min into the cannulated sinus node artery of the isolated atrium, negative chrono- and inotropic effects were dose dependently induced. With respect to dromotropism, SA conduction time (SACT) was prolonged at infusion rates of 0.2 and 0.4 micrograms/min. But at 1 microgram, dilazep caused an increase or decrease of SACT, indicating a shift of the SA nodal pacemaker. It is concluded that dilazep has direct negative chrono-, dromo- and inotropic properties on the heart at doses which produced no significant hypotension. PMID- 6512997 TI - [Mechanism of cancer induction by radiation]. AB - The mechanism of radiation carcinogenesis was reviewed on the basis of recent knowledge on cancer-related mutation, oncogene-activation, and monoclonal origin of cancer. Evidence for the systemic suppression of cancerized cells in situ was presented from experimental data concerning whole-body vs. partial-body irradiation, and single vs. repeated irradiation. PMID- 6512998 TI - [A study on gastric cancer risk factors--a case-control study based on medical records (1) Matched pair method]. AB - To determine the gastric cancer risk factors, a case-control study was performed. Cases were the gastric cancer patients operated at NCC hospital from 1980 to 1982. Controls were the patients in Adult Disease Clinic. Main items of risk factors were cancer family inheritance tobacco smoking and alcohol drinking. Although in the case of cancer family and tobacco smoking either alone might produce gastric cancer, the syncarcinogenic type of combination of cancer family, tobacco smoking and alcohol drinking might act most definitely in gastric carcinogenesis. PMID- 6512996 TI - [DNA repair and carcinogenesis]. AB - Recent research support the idea that DNA damage is the initial event in the process of carcinogenesis. Involvement of DNA repair in the fixation of DNA damage leading to cancer has been suggested by the presence of several cancer prone hereditary diseases associated with DNA repair deficiency. Among them, xeroderma pigmentosum has been most extensively investigated and the "SOS response" hypothesis, originally implied to the mechanism of mutagenesis in bacteria, appears to be an attractive hypothesis for the understanding of the cancer-proneness in xeroderma pigmentosum. The DNA repair of ionizing radiation damage, however, has not been clearly demonstrated in association with the process of radiation carcinogenesis, and further studies will be needed to understand the mechanisms of radiation carcinogenesis and the involvement of DNA repair in it. PMID- 6512999 TI - [A study on gastric cancer risk factors--a case-control study based on medical records (2) Multiple variance analysis]. AB - Same samples used in the previous paper were again analyzed by the computer system by multiple variance analysis, i.e., the quantification II (Hayashi) and logistic model. Cancer family inheritance, tobacco smoking habit and medical history were the highest risk factor groups. PMID- 6513000 TI - [Multiple primary malignant neoplasms in the national cancer center during 1962 1981]. AB - Four hundred and eight cases with multiple primary malignant neoplasms from 5,456 autopsy cases were reviewed, and their age, sex, sites and relationship between the two cancers were analysed. Expected number of the second cancer was calculated based upon the person-years of 8,444 cases with primary gastro intestinal cancers. Significant higher incidence was observed in the oropharyngeal cancer, esophageal cancer in male, and colon cancer in female. Organ relationship was present along the gastrointestinal tract, as observed in autopsy cases. Biological meaning of multiple primary malignant neoplasms was discussed. PMID- 6513001 TI - [Epidemiological studies on multiple primary cancers--observations on the second primary cancers among cervical cancer and laryngeal cancer cases]. AB - Two epidemiological studies on multiple primary cancers were conducted. The first one was 7-9 years' follow up among cervical cancer cases (1,767 radiotherapy and 1,377 non-radiotherapy cases) registered in the Osaka Cancer Registry. The number of observed second primaries was significantly higher than the expected numbers at the rectum, bladder, lung and all sites in the radiotherapy group only. The other was a 7 years' follow up study on 532 laryngeal cancer cases. Higher incidence than expected second primaries were observed at the mouth and pharynx, esophagus and lung and all sites. The factors associated with these results were analyzed in relation to radiotherapy and smoking. Through these studies, the authors proved the usefulness of the data accumulated in a population-based cancer registry, especially in finding the multiple primaries, surveying prognosis of subjects and controls, and calculating expected numbers using the incidence data from the general population. PMID- 6513002 TI - [Primary malignant tumors in the lung and larynx --a report of 37 cases]. AB - For the past 20 years (from May 1962 to December 1982) the cases of lung cancer and laryngeal cancer treated in National Cancer Center Hospital are 2423 and 603 respectively. We have studied multiple cases of the lung and laryngeal cancers. The cigarette smoking is one of the most important environmental factors concerning the multiple cases of laryngeal and lung cancer would not be so significant in the future, if the cigarette smoking factor should be excluded. PMID- 6513003 TI - [Statistical studies on multiple primary cancers including gastric cancers]. AB - The incidence of cases with multiple primary cancers was analysed and it was found to have increased chronologically in autopsied cases. The incidence to have another cancer in the patients who underwent operations for gastric cancer was 2.0%, which seemed to be higher than the expect value in the general population. Regarding the cause of death after radical gastric surgery, the multiple primary cancer occupied the second position, the first being the recurrence of gastric malignancy. PMID- 6513004 TI - [Multiple primary cancers in patients with malignant lymphoma]. AB - This study of 502 patients with malignant lymphoma revealed the following: In all, 18 cases (3.6%) of histologically confirmed multiple primary cancers were found. Eleven cases of second malignancies were observed after diagnosis of malignant lymphoma, whereas 7 cases of malignant lymphoma occurred after other malignancies. The expected number of second malignancies in 502 patients with malignant lymphoma was calculated as 4.94 by the person-years approach. The observed number (11) was significantly higher than the expected (p less than 0.01). There was, however, no case of second malignancy considered to be related to the previous radiotherapy. PMID- 6513005 TI - [Radiation therapy for cancer of the uterine cervix in the aged]. AB - Since a majority of old aged patients have the troublesome complications and their physical or mental emaciation is clearly appeared, it is necessary for them to adopt a new treatment method which was considered about their such conditions. The crude survival rate of old aged, over 71, patients suffered from carcinoma of the uterine cervix were 63.6% (7/11) for stage 1, 60% (36/60) for stage 2, 50% (53/106) for stage 3 and 28.6% (8/28) for stage 4. About 20% of patients in each stages were suffered from the complications. We considered the treatment for the old aged patients such as follows: the radiation dose must be reduced 10% for 71 to 75 year old and 20% for 76 to 80 year old. In the case of over 81 year old, an intracavitary irradiation is only applied for the palliative aim at the out patient clinic. PMID- 6513006 TI - [Secondary leukemia following chemotherapy of various malignancies]. AB - Recently, there has been much concern that cancer chemotherapy may have undesirable consequences in the form of secondary malignancies. At present, secondary leukemia or therapy-linked leukemia constitutes a well delineated clinical syndrome characterized by several distinct symptoms, that was illustrated by the presentation of cases recently observed. In an attempt to understand the basis for this therapy-linked leukemia, mutagenic activity of various anticancer agents were studied by the induction of sister chromatid exchanges and risk of a certain drug as a possible candidate causing secondary leukemia was discussed from the molecular cytogenetic point of view. From both clinical and cytogenetic aspects it seemed that bifunctional alkylating agents were potentially relevant to the development of secondary leukemia. PMID- 6513007 TI - [A study of the incidental rate of the radiation-induced cancer in the head and neck region]. AB - In a review of 2710 patients with head and neck disease treated with irradiation at the Cancer Institute Hospital, Tokyo, between 1946 and 1955, second primary malignancies occurred in 35 of 2223 patients who were treated by reason of malignant tumors. The incidental rate of these second primary malignancies was significantly different from the population based rates. In 10 of 292 patients who were treated by irradiation for reason of benign disease such as cervical tuberculosis and hemangioma, primary cancers were developed under the long period of observation. These primary cancers were proved to be radiation-induced malignancies. PMID- 6513008 TI - [Multiple primary malignant cancer and radiation induced cancer--a point of view of radiation oncology]. AB - The cases of multiple primary malignant neoplasm and radiation induced cancer were discussed based on the experiences of Tokyo Women's Medical College in which radiotherapy has been mainly used for cancer. These cases have been increasing in number and it seems to be that the problems of them shall be gradually developed in future, because survival time of cancer patients become longer due to improvement of cancer treatment. But if the mechanisms of cancer etiology on which radiation and other many things influence, would not be clear, radiotherapy have been still principal post in cancer treatment. Systemic multidisciplinary treatment of cancer must be considered and we are looking forward to establishing it. PMID- 6513009 TI - [Radiation associated cancers among head and neck cancer patients]. AB - During a 31-year old period from 1953 to 1983, 2533 patients with head and neck cancers reported to our clinic. There were 16 cases among them of second malignant cancers who were irradiated previously to the benign head and neck lesions. There were also 146 cases of multiple primary cancers including 17 multiple primary intraoral cancer patients and 46 cases of radiation associated cancers. Forty-six radiation associated cancers included three histologically confirmed radiation induced cancers and three histologically confirmed late recurrent cancers. PMID- 6513010 TI - [Multiple primary malignant tumors after radical mastectomy]. AB - Second primary malignancy experience was examined for 2,427 primary breast cancer during 1964-1982. There were 72 cases observed which developed a second malignancy after the treatment of antecedent breast cancer. Annual accumulated incidences of double cancer regressed on a linear equation of Y = 0.43X + 0.36, and expected incidence for 5 years was 2.5%, for 10 years 4.7% and for 15 years 6.8%, respectively. Calculating the expected cancer morbidity in person-years method, we found that the observed incidence of double cancer was higher than that expected; the ratio of O/E was 1.40. The opposite brest cancer was mainly responsible for this higher risk (O/E ratio was 6.37). Also the higher risks were pointed out for cancer of uterine corpus and ovary. MMC and CPA was given as surgical adjuvants for one third of the patients. The results analysed by person years method showed there were no increased incidences of second malignancy in chemotherapy groups compared with the control group. PMID- 6513011 TI - [Multiple primary cancer and radiation-induced cancer of the uterine]. AB - This report is concerned with multiple primary cancers developing in invasive uterine cancer. Second primary tumors were recorded 27 women with a total of 30 non-uterine cancer (exception of radiation-induced cancer). 17 patients of radiation-induced neoplasm were observed (Rectal cancer 4, soft part sarcoma 4, cancer of urinary bladder 3, bone tumor 3, uterine cancer 2 and cancer of Vulva 1). One case is 4 lesions (corpus, sigma, thymoma and stomach), 2 cases are 3 lesions (uterine cervix, stomach and maxillary sinus: uterine cervix, thyroidal gland and radiation-induced soft part sarcoma). Only 5 of these 17 patients were known irradiated dose (50 Gy approximately 55 Gy), however others unknown. The mean latent periods of 17 cases of radiation induced neoplasms are 19.4 years. 16 patients of late second cancers of the cervix appearing from 11 to 36 years (average 19.5 years) after initial radiotherapy were recorded. PMID- 6513012 TI - [Radiation-induced cancer]. PMID- 6513013 TI - [Radiation therapy and metastasis--biologic and therapeutic aspects]. PMID- 6513014 TI - [Chronic cerebral injury following radiotherapy for maxillary cancer]. AB - From 1965 to 1982, 195 cases of maxillary cancer receiving more than 30 Gy of radiotherapy and surviving more than 6 months were investigated. Chronic cerebral necrosis following irradiation was found in 5 cases. All of them were irradiated with a total dose of more than 60 Gy. Symptoms caused by radiation injury of the brain were observed after more than 3 years. CT images showed irregular low density areas in the base of the frontal or the temporal lobe within the irradiated field, and the lesion was enhanced in 16.6% of the patients who were irradiated with more than 60 Gy and survived without local recurrence for more than 3 years. Their symptoms, pathology, treatment, prognosis and procedures to avoid chronic cerebral damage were also discussed. PMID- 6513015 TI - [Ultrastructural study of human breast cancer--relation to the basement membrane with invasive breast cancer]. AB - The Japan Mammary Cancer Society's General Rules for Pathological Record prescribe differential diagnosis of the noninvasive or invasive status of human breast cancer upon discovery of basement membrane. We discovered basement membranes not only in normal mammary glands and non invasive breast cancers, but in metastatic breast cancers to the lungs and regional axillary lymph nodes. We concluded that, for such diagnosis, it is necessary to observe the cellular arrangement and condition of the surrounding stromal tissues with light microscopy. Nuclear chromatin patterns should also be examined; they showed predominantly euchromatin in invasive breast cancer and heterochromatin in non invasive breast cancer with electron microscopy. PMID- 6513016 TI - [Analysis of gastric biopsy specimens group III by a revised group classification]. AB - A revised group classification of histology in gastric biopsy specimens was recently proposed by the Japanese Research Society For Gastric Cancer. The specimens judged as Group III by the revised classification contained; adenoma that used to be judged as Group III by the former classification, lesions difficult to distinguish between adenoma and carcinoma, lesions difficult to distinguish between atypical regenerative epithelium and carcinoma, and so on. Pathologists are requested to describe whether the lesion is adenoma or not and to consult with clinicians about the lesion in order to reduce the possibility that a case of well-differentiated adenocarcinoma is misdiagnosed as Group III by the revised classification. PMID- 6513017 TI - [Initial phase of Borrmann type-IV carcinoma of the stomach suggested from observations of early gastric carcinoma arising in breast cancer patients]. AB - Borrmann Type-IV carcinomas were frequently found in advanced carcinoma of the stomach arising in breast cancer patients as a second malignancy. We assumed that some of the early gastric carcinomas in with breast cancer patients would develop into Borrmann Type-IV carcinoma. According to histopathological studies involving 10 cases, six were presumed to be initial lesions of Borrmann Type-IV carcinoma. All lesions in the six cases were macroscopically Type-IIc of early gastric cancer. A shallow ulcer scar, such as UL-1 or UL-II was mostly observed in IIc lesions. PMID- 6513018 TI - [Significance of the lamina muscularis mucosae of the stomach in invasiveness of gastric cancer]. AB - Gastric carcinoma in the fundic gland area has a greater tendency to submucosal invasion than that in the pyloric gland area. In order to clarify the reason for this phenemenon, we investigated the thickness and structure of the lamina muscularis mucosae (LMM) of both the fundic and pyloric areas, using 15 subtotally resected stomachs. The average thickness of the LMM of the fundic and pyloric gland areas was 56 microns and 104 microns, respectively, the former being significantly thinner than the latter. On the contrary, no remarkable difference was seen between the two areas in the roughness of the mesh pattern made up of interlacing smooth muscle fibers. These findings suggest that the more likely occurrence of submucosal invasion of carcinoma in the fundic gland area is attributable to the distinct thinness of the LMM in that area through which the mucosal carcinoma invades the submucosal layer. PMID- 6513019 TI - [Geographical difference of mortality of digestive cancers and food consumption]. AB - The geographical differences in mortality from cancer of seven sites of the digestive organs and consumption of foods in 46 of the prefectures, excluding Okinawa and their capital cities were statistically observed. The groups of foods statistically associated with cancer death are: pork, cooking oil and shochu (low class distilled spirits) for esophageal cancer; fresh fish, salted fish, vegetables and alcoholic beverages for stomach cancer; alcoholic beverages, salted or dried fish, vegetables, bread, milk, butter, margarine, ketchup, beer and fresh fish for colonic cancer; fresh fish, salted or dried fish, salt and popular grade sake for rectal cancer; pork, popular grade sake and green tea for cancer of the biliary passages; salted or dried fish, vegetables, alcoholic beverages, oil and fresh fish for pancreatic cancer; beef, poultry, eggs and vinegar for liver cancer. Further epidemiological analyses are required to find the biological causal relationships. PMID- 6513020 TI - [Studies on mass screening for gastric cancer in remote areas of Kochi Prefecture]. AB - Between Jan., 1975 and Jan., 1983, mass screening for gastric cancer by (vehicles) equipped with X-ray apparatus was carried out on 58,103 inhabitants over 40 years old (15.4% of the inhabitants) in Kochi Prefecture. As a result, 9,193 (12.2%) were suspected of being affected by gastroduodenal diseases. 87 of these were diagnosed as gastric cancer by endoscopic examination. Therefore, the frequency of the revelation of the gastric cancer was 0.15%. Gastric cancer was diagnosed histologically as early gastric cancer in 44.5% of the 87 patients. PMID- 6513021 TI - [Carcinoembryonic antigen in serum and the tissue of patients with colon cancer]. AB - Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels in the serum and colon tissue were evaluated in 83 patients with colon cancer. The mean concentration of serum CEA increased in parallel with Dukes' stages. CEA concentrations in the cancerous and normal colon overlapped. In the same patient, however, CEA of cancerous colon tissue was always higher than that of normal colon tissue. There was no difference in CEA concentrations in colon cancer between Dukes' A and B. However, in patients with Dukes' C stage, the concentration was higher than in those with Dukes' A and B. The detection of tissue CEA concentration as well as serum CEA is a useful marker for monitoring patients with colon cancer. PMID- 6513022 TI - [Histogenesis of uterine corpus carcinoma--relation to atypical endometrial hyperplasia]. AB - We have studied the histogenesis of uterine corpus carcinoma with special reference to the relation to endometrial atypical hyperplasia. The summary of the results is as follows. The subjects of the study were 113 cases of operated uterine corpus cancer and 2,440 of noncorporeal (uterine) cancer. Atypical hyperplasia of the residual endometrium in corpus carcinoma was revealed in 42 of the 113 cases (37.2%). Among 19 premenopausal patients, the residual endometrium was in the secretory phase in 3 and in the proliferative phase in the others. The site of its appearance was either in the functional or non-functional layers with diffuse (16) and localized (26) types. A malignant change from the atypical hyperplastic (hormone dependent ?) and atrophic endometrium (hormone independent ?) was suggested. PMID- 6513023 TI - [Extra-abdominal desmoid tumor--report of a case]. AB - A case of an extra-abdominal desmoid tumor in a 17-year-old female is reported. At the time of the first examination, the tumor was found to already involve the floor of the mouth, the submandibular region, both sides of the neck, the anterior chest wall and the mediastinum and hence was considered inoperable. The patient was treated by external irradiation and interstitial irradiation (Ir and Au). The therapeutic response was very slow, becoming noticeable 4 months after completion of the therapy and lasting for more than a year. Experience in this case indicates that in order for radiotherapy to prove successful in the treatment of desmoid tumor, it must be administered in relatively high doses. Since desmoid tumors reportedly have the potential for sarcomatous transformation, a long-term follow-up seems to be necessary in the management of patients with this neoplasm. It is considered that inoperable extra-abdominal desmoid tumors are a good indication for radiation therapy. PMID- 6513024 TI - [Undifferentiated carcinoma of the thyroid gland with osteoclast-like giant cells -a case report]. AB - A case of undifferentiated carcinoma of the thyroid gland with osteoclast-like giant cells resembling those of a giant cell tumor of the bone is presented. A 79 year-old female had noticed swelling on the left frontal neck. Histological examination of frontal-neck tumor revealed undifferentiated carcinoma of the thyroid gland. The patient was treated with a Cobalt 60 unit and received a total tumor dose of 2800 rad. However, because of a rapid increase in size of the tumor and its metastasis, the patient died about 2 months after admission. An autopsy was performed. Histologically, the tumor differed from the usual undifferentiated carcinoma of the giant cell type in having osteoclast-like giant cells with many small, uniform, benign appearing nuclei. It is proposed that the osteoclast-like giant cell is reactive rather than neoplastic in nature because of the benign appearance, phagocytotic activity and some ultrastructural features. PMID- 6513025 TI - [Effects of PS-K as adjuvant therapy for primary lung cancer--an autopsy case]. AB - A 57-year-old woman underwent left lower lobectomy for primary lung cancer (papillary adenocarcinoma, T2NOMO). Despite postoperative adjuvant immunochemotherapy with 5-Fu, Carboquone and PS-K, bone metastases were recognized at 9 months after the surgery. She received radiation therapy and was administered PS-K alone, 3.0 g daily. As a result, long-term good condition was maintained with a positive PPD skin test. The bone metastases developed slowly, and the patient survived 5 years and 8 months after the operation. At autopsy, no obvious metastatic lesions were identified except for the bone metastases. The cause of her death was thought to be acute renal failure due to severe hemorrhage from an esophageal ulcer. Moreover, she was doomed because of advanced polycystic disease. PMID- 6513027 TI - [Patterns of recurrence and survival in breast cancer]. AB - Sixty-nine patients have shown recurrence after curative (standard, extended and modified) mastectomy from 1969 to 1978 in our department. Recurrence patterns and prognostic factors were analyzed using life-table and log-rank methods. Thirty four patients (49%) developed their first recurrence within two years after surgery and died within two years after that. This period seemed to be high-risk after surgery and first recurrence. The disease-free interval and survival after first recurrence seemed to be shorter with the more advanced presenting Tnm stage. The disease-free and recurrence-to-death intervals of patients with first loco-regional recurrence seemed to be longer than those with first distant metastases. PMID- 6513026 TI - [Primary adenosquamous carcinoma of the stomach--a case report]. AB - A 56-year-old man was hospitalized with the complaint of upper abdominal discomfort. A gastrointestinal series revealed a filling defect in the body of the stomach. Under the diagnosis of gastric cancer, total gastrectomy was performed. Borrmann III type cancer measuring 5 X 4 cm, extending to the antrum and the upper portion of the body of the stomach, was identified in the body. Histologically, most of the tumor consisted of squamous cell carcinoma. Adenocarcinoma and a small nest of squamous metaplasia were observed at the peripheral wall of this tumor. The pathological diagnosis was adenosquamous carcinoma. In some regional lymph nodes, metastasis of adenocarcinoma was observed. PMID- 6513028 TI - [Epidemiological studies on gastric cancer in Nagasaki]. AB - One thousand-four hundred and twenty-four cases of gastric cancer registered at the Nagasaki Tumor Registry between 1973 and 1977 were studied. The incidence of gastric cancer tended to be higher in persons exposed to the atomic bomb within 2.0 km from the hypocenter, especially in young persons, than in non-exposed individuals, but the difference was not statistically significant. Compared with the nonexposed, the corrected relative risk of gastric cancer in persons exposed within 2.0 km from the hypocenter was 1.28 in males and 1.11 in females. In terms of histologic type or location, the incidence of gastric cancer showed no statistically significant difference between the exposed and nonexposed persons. PMID- 6513029 TI - [Cytofluorometric analysis of cell kinetics in relation to tumor growth of advanced gastric cancers]. AB - Correlated studies on both cell kinetics in association with nuclear ploidy pattern and pathological morphology of advanced gastric cancers were carried out using DNA-RNA cytofluorometry (NIKON SPM-RF1-D) with AO stain. The results showed that advanced gastric cancers could be divided into two main groups. Group 1 (12 cases) was the diploid cell population, commonly found in Borrmann type 4 showing diffuse infiltration of cancer cells, and group II (14 cases) was characterized by polyploidization, usually found in Borrmann type 2 or 3 showing adenocarcinomas composed of markedly pleomorphic cells. In addition, we further differentiated from group II four cases of cancers which included aneuploid cells with more pronounced pleomorphism than group II, and classified them as group II'. These results suggest that cell kinetics and nuclear ploidy pattern of the advanced gastric cancers are closely related to pathological characteristics, i.e., groups I and II to undifferentiated (gastric type) and differentiated (intestinal type) carcinomas, respectively. PMID- 6513030 TI - [Studies on carcinoma of the remnant stomach after distal gastrectomy]. AB - Sixty-one patients with carcinoma of the remnant stomach after distal gastrectomy were admitted by the end of 1982. Twenty-six of them were gastrectomized for benign disease such as peptic ulcer and 35 for malignant disease such as gastric carcinoma. The age of the benign group was 58, and the average interval from the first operation was 19 years. The corresponding figures for the malignant group were 63 and 8 years, respectively. In the malignant group, the methods of anastomosis at the first operation were 18 cases of Billroth-I (B-I) and 17 of B II. The lesion was located at the surgical stump in 7 patients and distant from the stump in 14 patients in this group. In the benign group, there were 10 cases of B-I and 16 of B-II, and no differences were seen in the location. Early carcinoma was noted in 11 patients, and 34 were advanced. Differentiated adenocarcinoma was observed in 25 cases and undifferentiated in 20 in the resected specimen. Although no metastases were seen in early cases, the rate of lymph node metastasis was 70%, and the five-year survival rate was 21% in advanced cases, and 80% in early cases. PMID- 6513031 TI - [Total pelvic exenteration for primary and locally recurrent rectal cancer]. AB - Thirteen patients with advanced carcinoma of the lower colon and no evidence of extrapelvic metastasis were submitted to total pelvic exenteration with urinary diversion. The operative mortality rate was 7.7%. Determinate 5-year survival rate of 40% was achieved. Local recurrence of rectal cancer following abdominoperineal resection is rarely amenable to limited resection. Six patients with deeply invading recurrent lesions had pelvic exenteration combined with sacral resection. This procedure seems a reasonable treatment for palliation and the chance of cure in selected patients. CT examination of the pelvis is very valuable for the early detection and localization of recurrence. PMID- 6513032 TI - [Investigation of rectal and bladder complications after RALS therapy for carcinoma of the uterine cervix]. AB - From August 1978 through December, 1980, 119 patients with previously untreated carcinoma of the uterine cervix were treated using RALS, (remote-controlled) high dose rate intracavitary radiotherapy. The data from 92 out of the 119 cases were available for multivariate analysis for rectovesical complications. By using this method, it was clearly indicated that factors such as TDF of the rectum, weighted geometric center (WGC)-Z, the dose of whole pelvic irradiation, chemotherapy and TPHA were important in the occurrence of rectal complications. However, there was no definite physical or physiological factor to predict the occurrence of bladder complications. PMID- 6513033 TI - [2 cases of the independent coexistence of early cancer and leiomyosarcoma in the same stomach]. AB - In the past 10 years, malignant diseases have been revealed in 157,836 autopsy cases (in Japan). Among them, gastric cancer was found in 17.5% and leiomyosarcoma in 0.45%. In addition, the frequency of leiomyosarcoma of the stomach was only 0.08%. In the literature, 20 cases of the coexistence of cancer and leiomyosarcoma in the same stomach (were) reported in Japan prior to (data). Eight of these were early cancer. Subsequently, three cases, including two of our own, were added. In our two patients, early cancer and leiomyosarcoma coexisted independently in the same stomach. It is suggested that the stomach with leiomyosarcoma may have a tendency to be cancerous. PMID- 6513034 TI - [Multiple duodenal carcinomas associated with multiple gastric cancers]. AB - Because of the rarity of primary duodenal cancer, the coexistence of this disease with gastric cancer is very rare. The case presented herein suffered from two carcinomas of the duodenum and six gastric cancers. The patient was 71-year-old man who underwent subtotal gastrectomy and pancreatoduodenectomy. Pathologic studies showed that all of the gastric and one of the duodenal cancers were limited to the mucosal layer and that the other duodenal tumor invaded to the pancreas. Several cases of double cancers in the duodenum and the stomach have been reported in Japan, and this is first of multiple carcinomas of the duodenum associated with multiple gastric cancers. PMID- 6513035 TI - [An autopsy case of malignant histiocytosis showing a phenotype of S100 +lysozyme]. AB - A 37-year-old Japanese man was admitted to our hospital because of high fever. The peripheral blood showed pancytopenia with a few erythrophagocytic histiocytes. A bone marrow aspirate revealed 12% immature histiocytes and 7% leukoerythrophagocytic histiocytes. A postmortem examination showed an infiltrative proliferation of immature histiocytes and erythrophagocytic histiocytes in the sinusoid of the liver, the urinary bladder, etc. These findings were consistent with malignant histiocytosis. In addition, these abnormal histiocytes showed a phenotype of S 100 protein +lysozyme.- In agreement with Watanabe's report, our findings suggest that malignant histiocytosis is the neoplasm of T-zone histiocytes. PMID- 6513036 TI - [A case of ovarian carcinoma preceded by intracranial metastasis]. AB - A 28-year-old woman with primary ovarian carcinoma which was found with intracranial metastasis is reported. The patient was operated on because of metastatic brain tumor with unknown primary lesion. Subsequently, left ovarian tumor was found, and left salpingo-oophorectomy was performed. The histological diagnosis was endometrioid carcinoma. A review of the literature shows that intracranial metastasis by ovarian carcinoma is very rare. The incidence is lower than 2.1%. The present case in which intracranial metastasis manifested itself before primary ovarian carcinoma seems to be extremely rare. PMID- 6513037 TI - [Adenosquamous carcinoma arising in a dermoid cyst (benign cystic teratoma) of the ovary--a case report]. AB - An 89-year-old woman with adenosquamous carcinoma arising in a dermoid cyst (benign cystic teratoma) of the ovary is reported. The malignant change of a dermoid cyst is rare. To our knowledge, this is the first report case of an adenosquamous carcinoma arising in a dermoid cyst of the ovary. Moreover, this case is the oldest patient on record. It is important that dermoid cyst be examined carefully. PMID- 6513038 TI - [Report of a family with cancer family syndrome]. AB - A report of multiple primary early duodenal cancer and ileocecal cancer with cancer family syndrome is presented. Analysis of 65 individuals of this family showed 7 large bowel cancers, 1 lung cancer and cancer of the uterine cervix. The characteristics of this family including increased occurrence of adenocarcinoma, especially large bowel cancer, 3 multiple primary malignant neoplasms, early age of onset of cancer and suspicion of autosomal dominant inheritance, satisfy the criteria for the cancer family syndrome. We recommend screening the individuals in this family for early signs of cancer. PMID- 6513039 TI - [Defective granulocyte function and chromosome abnormalities in hemopoietic dysplasia]. PMID- 6513040 TI - [Phenotypic analysis of leukemia using monoclonal antibody]. PMID- 6513041 TI - [A case of RAEB (refractory anemia with excess of blast) in transformation in childhood]. PMID- 6513042 TI - [Acquired factor X deficiency in a case of monoclonal gammopathy]. PMID- 6513043 TI - [Use of proplex in a hemophilia B patient]. PMID- 6513045 TI - [History and concept of plasma modulation]. PMID- 6513044 TI - [A study on platelet Factor XI-like activity in a family with congenital Factor XI deficiency]. PMID- 6513046 TI - [Membrane plasmapheresis. a. The single membrane and double filtration methods]. PMID- 6513047 TI - [Membrane plasmapheresis. b. Cryofiltration]. PMID- 6513048 TI - [Plasmapheresis by centrifugation]. PMID- 6513049 TI - [Plasma modulation: molecular weights and the choice of the blood substances to be removed]. PMID- 6513050 TI - [Progress in membrane technology and plasmapheresis]. PMID- 6513051 TI - [Biotechnological requirements of plasmapheresis and hemofiltration instruments]. PMID- 6513052 TI - [Comparison of capabilities of plasmapheresis instruments]. PMID- 6513053 TI - [Blood access for extracorporeal circulation]. PMID- 6513055 TI - [Clinical study on therapeutic plasmapheresis--mechanism of its efficacy, indications, and and clinical application. c. Therapy of familial hypercholesterolemia by plasmapheresis]. PMID- 6513054 TI - [Clinical application of plasmapheresis in liver failure]. PMID- 6513056 TI - [Clinical study on therapeutic plasmapheresis--mechanism of its efficacy, indications, and clinical application. d. Hyperviscosity syndrome]. PMID- 6513057 TI - [Clinical study on therapeutic plasmapheresis--mechanism of its efficacy, indications, and the clinical application. f. Drug poisoning and plasmapheresis]. PMID- 6513058 TI - [Clinical study on therapeutic plasmapheresis--mechanism of its efficacy, indications, and the clinical application. k. Nervous system diseases]. PMID- 6513060 TI - [31st meeting of the Japanese Society of Pathology. 12-14 October 1984, Kanazawa, Japan. Abstracts]. PMID- 6513059 TI - [Localization of pheochromocytoma by I-131-metaiodobenzylguanidine]. PMID- 6513061 TI - [Computed tomography of thyroid carcinoma with intrathoracic extension]. PMID- 6513062 TI - [Soft-tissue radiography of calcified thyroid nodules]. PMID- 6513063 TI - [Radiological classification and effect of radiotherapy in esophageal cancer]. PMID- 6513065 TI - [A case of huge hepatic hamartoma]. PMID- 6513064 TI - [A case report of Goldenhar's syndrome accompanied with aplasia of the right lung]. PMID- 6513066 TI - [A case of huge posterior mediastinal liposarcoma]. PMID- 6513067 TI - [Perinephric abscess radiologically mimicking dilated and perforated bowel]. PMID- 6513068 TI - [A case of the persistent descending mesocolon]. PMID- 6513069 TI - [Transcatheter embolization of celiac trunk aneurysm--a case report with emphasis on interventional angiography]. PMID- 6513070 TI - [Chiari malformation]. PMID- 6513071 TI - [Problems of combined use of radiotherapy and chemotherapy (1)]. PMID- 6513072 TI - [A case of idiopathic portal hypertension with portal-right inferior vena cava collateral]. PMID- 6513073 TI - [Primary squamous cell carcinoma of the stomach: a case report]. PMID- 6513074 TI - [Roentgenologic findings of intussusception in Peutz-Jeghers syndrome]. PMID- 6513075 TI - [Computed tomography of the regenerative nodules accompanied by liver cirrhosis]. PMID- 6513076 TI - [A case of biliary cystadenoma]. PMID- 6513077 TI - [A case of retroperitoneal Castleman's lymphoma]. PMID- 6513078 TI - [Clinical experience with iopamidol, a non-ionic water-soluble contrast medium in brain computed tomography]. PMID- 6513079 TI - [A microwave applicator for intracavitary hyperthermia]. PMID- 6513080 TI - [Platybasia, skull base prolapse, syringomyelia, and Chiari's anomaly]. PMID- 6513081 TI - [Problems associated with chemotherapy combined with radiotherapy (2) - chemotherapy of malignant lymphoma and its adverse effects]. PMID- 6513082 TI - [Radiology of bronchial arterial circulation]. PMID- 6513083 TI - [Peripheral lung structure--dichotomy of bronchi, pulmonary artery and pulmonary secondary lobule]. PMID- 6513084 TI - [Splenic infarction after hepatic TAE and its computed tomographic findings]. PMID- 6513085 TI - [Fine needle aspiration biopsy via percutaneous transhepatic catheterization]. PMID- 6513086 TI - [11 cases of gastrointestinal leiomyosarcoma--roentgenologic appearances]. PMID- 6513087 TI - [Computed tomography and Ga-67-scintigraphic diagnosis of abdominal abscess- clinical usefulness]. PMID- 6513088 TI - [Scintigraphic localization of pheochromocytomas]. PMID- 6513089 TI - [Arterial embolization of bone tumors]. PMID- 6513090 TI - [A case of sciatic nerve palsy as a complication of gluteal artery embolization with ethanol]. PMID- 6513091 TI - [Two cases of Darier's disease associated with guttate leukoderma]. PMID- 6513092 TI - [Blood pressure of the fingers of patients with progressive systemic sclerosis]. PMID- 6513093 TI - [Electron microscopic observations of hair-matrix melanosomes--morphological differences due to hair color]. PMID- 6513094 TI - [The effects of retinoid on normal and acanthotic epidermis--cytofluorometric study]. PMID- 6513095 TI - [Two cases of lobular capillary hemangioma]. PMID- 6513096 TI - [Cytochemical quantitation of thiol group and disulfide bond of epidermal cells fractionated by density gradient centrifugation]. PMID- 6513097 TI - [A case of localized folded skin with underlying lipomatosis nevus]. PMID- 6513098 TI - Antitumor effect of seaweeds. IV. Enhancement of antitumor activity by sulfation of a crude fucoidan fraction from Sargassum kjellmanianum. AB - We have reported an antitumor aqueous extract from a brown marine alga Sargassum kjellmanianum ("Hahakimoku" in Japanese). Although the extract was effective in the in vivo growth inhibition of the implanted Sarcoma-180 cells, it was not effective against L-1210-bearing mice. In the present study, we attempted to obtain a polysaccharide fraction with antitumor activity against L-1210 leukemia from this alga, on the assumption that the main active substance may be sulfated polysaccharide, especially fucoidan which is mainly composed of L-fucose and ester sulfate. Two kinds of polysaccharide fractions (SKCF and SKCF-F), which contained L-fucose and ester sulfate in the amount of 12.6% and 15.4%, 23.5% and 17.2% respectively, were first prepared starting with extraction with cold hydrochloric acid, and their antitumor activity was examined. It was found however that they are not effective. Sulfation of SKCF was then carried out. The resulting sulfate (Sulfated SKCF) was observed to contain nearly 50% more ester sulfate than in SKCF and to be effective against L-1210 leukemia showing an ILS value of 26%. Mechanisms of antitumor action of this sulfate were also discussed from the viewpoints of negativity of ester sulfate and of activation of host mediated immune response as known in antitumor polysaccharide preparations from other sources. PMID- 6513099 TI - Antitumor activity of sediment fractions from Fusobacterium nucleatum culture supernatant. AB - The present study was carried out to examine antitumor activity of extracts from Fusobacterium nucleatum culture supernatant. The extracts were prepared as sediment fractions by ethanol precipitation, isoelectric point precipitation and proteolytic enzyme-treatment. An ethanol fraction obtained by addition of 60% ethanol to the culture supernatant showed effective antitumor activity to ascites and solid type tumor of Ehrlich carcinoma and also to solid type tumor of Sarcoma 180 in ICR mice. A sediment fraction extracted by adjusting an ethanol fraction to pH 4.0 was also found to give distinctive antitumor activity to Ehrlich ascites carcinoma. This fraction was further treated with pronase to eliminate free nucleotides, and then ultrafiltrated. The pronase-treated fraction gave better antitumor activity to both ascites and solid type tumor of Ehrlich carcinoma or Sarcoma 180. The ratios (%) indicating antitumor activity ranged from 131 to 188% even at 4-8 weeks after the tumor cell inoculation. PMID- 6513100 TI - Evaluation of a bait trap for Habu, the venomous snake, Trimeresurus flavoviridis. AB - The box trap for the venomous snake, Trimeresurus flavoviridis, 25 X 45 cm and 15 cm high, was made of a sheet of polypropylene board, and involved the use of a small rodent in a wire mesh cage as bait. The efficacy of this trap was evaluated in the field on Tokunoshima Island, one of the southern-most islands of Japan. The catch rate of the trap was expressed by the probability of snakes caught in trap-days, a product of the number of traps set and the period of set days. In one experiment, a result was successfully achieved by setting the boxes for almost 2,000 trap-days each for 2 different test materials in a limited geographical area. The one-way entrance made of flexible polyethylene sticks arranged conically allowed significantly more invasion of snakes than that of a swinging hinged door as shown by the catch rates of 12 snakes/1721 trap-days to 0/1682, respectively. Using traps with a conical entrance, the catch rate with the albino rat, Ratus norvegicus, was 6/2324 which was significantly higher than 0/2450 using rat feces as attractant. The catch rate with the field rat, Ratus rattus, at 31/2402 was significantly about 6 times higher than 5/2446 with the albino rat, whereas an albino rat was about 5 times more attractive than 2 albino mice at significantly different rates of 17/2455 and 3/2284, respectively. The box trap baited with a small rodent proved attractive to snakes and attractiveness differed with the species of bait animals. PMID- 6513101 TI - Vaccination of BALB/c mice against Brugia malayi and B. pahangi with larvae attenuated by gamma irradiation. AB - The vaccination with radiation-attenuated infective larvae of Brugia malayi and B. pahangi was attempted and evaluated in BALB/c mice. Two weeks after intraperitoneal infection with 100 3rd stage larvae, the worms of both species of Brugia were recovered in the peritoneal cavity of BALB/c mice. The average recovery was more than 20% in both Brugia infections. Groups of 10 mice were vaccinated subsequently three times with 100 3rd stage larvae of B. malayi or B. pahangi attenuated by 20 krad gamma irradiation and challenged with the homologous species. Vaccinated mice showed a 95.5% reduction in recovered worms in the challenge infection with B. malayi as compared to the infection in non vaccinated controls, and a 93.8% reduction in the B. pahangi group. PMID- 6513102 TI - Passive transfer of protective immunity against Brugia malayi in BALB/c mice. AB - To analyse the mechanisms of resistance against infective larvae of Brugia malay induced by 3 times' vaccination with 100 irradiated larvae, passive transfer of protective immunity by serum and/or spleen cells from vaccinated BALB/c mice to normal mice was examined. Resistance was observed by the worm recovery in the peritoneal cavity of mice 2 weeks after intraperitoneal challenge infection with 100 infective larvae. No larva was recovered in the recipients of 1.5 X 10(8) spleen cells from vaccinated mice, whereas an average 25.89% of larvae were found alive in control mice transferred with the same number of spleen cells from age matched non-vaccinated donors. However, passive transfer of either 0.1 or 1.0 ml immune serum failed to protect the recipient mice against the challenge infection. Furthermore, increased larval recovery was induced by challenge infection with larvae which were previously incubated in 10% immune serum. The results suggest that an antibody-dependent immunological enhancement may occur in these experiments. PMID- 6513103 TI - [Local immune response in colonic adenoma]. PMID- 6513104 TI - [Clinical significance of tissue polypeptide antigen in colorectal cancer]. PMID- 6513105 TI - [Enhancement of sulfobromophthalein excretion by taurocholate in the rat with relieved biliary obstruction]. PMID- 6513106 TI - [Modulation of immunological response by Kupffer cells]. PMID- 6513107 TI - [Nature of "big plasma glucagon" in plasma of human and rats]. PMID- 6513108 TI - [Treatment of intractable intrahepatic cholestasis with plasmapheresis]. PMID- 6513109 TI - [The effect of intraduodenal calcium on pancreatic secretion in the rat]. PMID- 6513110 TI - [Fatal case of juvenile primary biliary cirrhosis complicated with intra abdominal hemorrhage]. PMID- 6513111 TI - [A case of adult-type citrullinemia]. PMID- 6513112 TI - [Non-surgical procedure of choledochocholecystolithotomy]. PMID- 6513113 TI - [Sex-related difference in the epidemiology of alcoholic cirrhosis]. PMID- 6513115 TI - [Establishment and partial characterization of pancreatic cancer cell line of the golden hamster]. PMID- 6513114 TI - [Studies on experimentally induced acute hepatic failure: the significance of adherent cell activation in the liver]. PMID- 6513116 TI - [A pathohistological study on fibrosis of the recurrent gastric ulcer--analysis of the growth pattern of gastric cancer accompanying peptic ulcer]. PMID- 6513117 TI - [Effect of vagotomy on gastric acid and GIP secretion]. PMID- 6513118 TI - [Distribution of gut hormones in the canine gastrointestinal tract and pancreas]. PMID- 6513119 TI - [Experimental studies on intestinal motility and enteric autonomic nervous system of the ileo-cecal region]. PMID- 6513120 TI - [The role of intestinal alkaline phosphatase in cholera toxin-induced secretory diarrhea]. PMID- 6513121 TI - [Effect of sex hormones on the induction of macrophage-mediated hepatocytotoxicity]. PMID- 6513122 TI - [Effects of cimetidine on systemic and hepatic hemodynamics]. PMID- 6513123 TI - [Measurement of electric liver resistivity in chronic liver disease]. PMID- 6513124 TI - [Clinicopathological study on silent gallstone in the aged]. PMID- 6513125 TI - [A surgical case of Zollinger-Ellison syndrome with reference to immunohistochemical study]. PMID- 6513126 TI - [A case of omental malignant schwannoma presenting as a huge abdominal tumor]. PMID- 6513127 TI - [A case report of Budd-Chiari syndrome associated with SLE]. PMID- 6513128 TI - [Heterogeneity of plasma glucagon in patients with total pancreatectomy and gastrectomy]. PMID- 6513130 TI - [Serum level of procollagen-type III-N prepeptide in primary biliary cirrhosis]. PMID- 6513129 TI - [The diagnosis of fatty liver by administration of two different dosages (0.5mg/kg and 5.0mg/kg) of indocyanine green]. PMID- 6513131 TI - [Urinary level of N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase in liver diseases]. PMID- 6513132 TI - [26th meeting of the Japanese Society of Gastroenterology. 18-20 October 1984, Chiba, Japan. Abstracts]. PMID- 6513133 TI - [Spinal compression fractures in the elderly]. PMID- 6513134 TI - [Endocrinological aspects in patients with primary osteoporosis; especially calcium regulating hormones]. PMID- 6513135 TI - [Aging and bone loss]. PMID- 6513136 TI - [Bone histomorphometry and biochemical examinations in osteoporosis]. PMID- 6513137 TI - [Osteopenia in diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 6513138 TI - [Endocrine function and aging--diabetes as a model for aging]. PMID- 6513139 TI - [Aging and lipid metabolism]. PMID- 6513140 TI - [Longevity syndrome: lipoprotein abnormalities in families of homozygous hyperalphalipoproteinemia and hypobetalipoproteinemia]. PMID- 6513141 TI - [An approach to prevention of brain atrophy during aging]. PMID- 6513142 TI - [Aging and nutrition]. PMID- 6513143 TI - [Endogenous and exogenous factors of longevity]. PMID- 6513144 TI - [Epidemiologic study of cardiovascular diseases in cold regions in Hokkaido, Japan--the results of a first year study in a relatively cold town, T-Cho, and a relatively warm town, S-Cho]. PMID- 6513145 TI - [Changes of plasma catecholamines by bathing in normotensive elderly and young persons]. PMID- 6513146 TI - [Congenital numeral anomalies of the semilunar valves in the aged]. PMID- 6513147 TI - [26th meeting of the Japan Geriatrics Society. 25-26 October 1984, Fukuoka, Japan. Abstracts]. PMID- 6513148 TI - Studies on the human immunoglobulin allotypes in five populations in the USSR. PMID- 6513149 TI - Secular changes of the sex-ratio of stillbirths and early deaths in Italy: evidence for postponement of male specific risk. PMID- 6513150 TI - Population genetic study of red cell enzyme phosphoglucose isomerase in India. PMID- 6513151 TI - A case of ring chromosome 3, 46,XX,-3,+r(3)(p26q29). PMID- 6513152 TI - [New trends in clinical chemistry]. PMID- 6513153 TI - [Kinetic methods and rate analyzers]. PMID- 6513154 TI - [Measurement technique on automated chemical analysis]. PMID- 6513155 TI - [Application of latex agglutination reaction to quantitative analysis]. PMID- 6513156 TI - [Development of automatic analyzers for emergency tests]. PMID- 6513157 TI - [Measurements of trace elements in biological materials]. PMID- 6513158 TI - [Histological subtype of mesangiocapillary glomerulonephritis (MPGN type 1)]. PMID- 6513159 TI - [Induction of glomerulonephritis using cultured mesangial cells in rats]. PMID- 6513160 TI - [Distribution of polyanions in glomerular basement membrane of various experimental models of glomerulonephritis in rats]. PMID- 6513161 TI - [High mortality in acute renal failure associated with other organ damage]. PMID- 6513162 TI - [Kidney volume and acquired cystic disease of the kidney in patients undergoing long-term hemodialysis]. PMID- 6513163 TI - [Experimental study of renal blood distribution using 5-channel hydrogen gas electrode]. PMID- 6513164 TI - [Urolithiasis, with special reference to metabolic disorders of uric acid and oxalate]. PMID- 6513165 TI - Successful strategy in diabetic nephropathy. PMID- 6513166 TI - [Immunologic approach to glomerular injury--from the basic standpoint]. PMID- 6513167 TI - [Humoral factors and blood pressure control]. PMID- 6513168 TI - [Recent advances in blood purification]. PMID- 6513169 TI - [Hepatitis B virus (HBV) associated nephropathy]. PMID- 6513170 TI - [Glomerular permeability]. PMID- 6513171 TI - [The kidney and calcium metabolism]. PMID- 6513172 TI - [Theoretical approach to the optimum exposure time in intravenous pyelography]. PMID- 6513173 TI - [Clinicopathological study of IgA nephropathy in children]. PMID- 6513174 TI - [The effect of antigen charge on the glomerular localization of immune complexes in passive serum sickness nephritis of mice]. PMID- 6513175 TI - [The effect of antigenic charge on the glomerular localization of immune complexes in passive serum sickness nephritis of mice]. PMID- 6513176 TI - [A new type of hereditary glomerulonephritis]. PMID- 6513177 TI - [Immunoglobulin A associated idiopathic glomerulonephritis in children and adults: clinicopathology and immunopathology]. PMID- 6513178 TI - [The relationship between murine lupus nephritis and thymic abnormalities]. PMID- 6513180 TI - [Lactulose therapy for chronic renal failure]. PMID- 6513179 TI - [Glomerulonephritis associated with hepatitis B virus infection in adult patients: clinical and morphological comparison with lupus nephritis]. PMID- 6513181 TI - [On methylguanidine synthesizing organs--estimation from short term effect of creatinine]. PMID- 6513182 TI - [Urinary glycoproteins in renal diseases]. PMID- 6513183 TI - [Systemic hemodynamics in glycerol-induced acute renal failure in the rats]. PMID- 6513185 TI - [A study on biological activity of immune complexes deposited in the glomeruli in various renal diseases of children]. PMID- 6513184 TI - [Circulating immune complex and complement in children with various glomerulonephritides, especially the cases with IgA nephropathy or Henoch Schonlein purpura nephritis]. PMID- 6513186 TI - [The regulatory mechanism for renin substrate synthesis by the liver]. PMID- 6513187 TI - beta-Glucuronidase in experimental chronic glomerulonephritis. PMID- 6513188 TI - Prediction of creatinine clearance from the serum creatinine concentration. PMID- 6513189 TI - A survival case of acute chromic acid poisoning treated by peritoneal dialysis. PMID- 6513190 TI - [Clinical studies of intestinal 47Ca absorption tests by external arm counter]. PMID- 6513191 TI - [Detection of regional wall motion abnormalities in the patients with myocardial infarction: assessment by gated blood pool scans from multiple (ANT, LAO and LPO) views]. PMID- 6513192 TI - [Usefulness of T1-201 chloride and NaI-131 scintigraphy in detection of metastasis from thyroid carcinoma]. PMID- 6513193 TI - [NMR: a three-dimensional gray scale model for T1 images of NMR-CT]. PMID- 6513194 TI - [Evaluation of MAGIC thyroxine (T4) radioimmunoassay kit]. PMID- 6513195 TI - [Basic and clinical evaluation of RIAgnost hTSH Tachisorb]. PMID- 6513197 TI - Proceedings of the 81st annual scientific session of the Japanese Society of Internal Medicine. April 1-3, 1984, Fukuoka, Japan. Abstracts. PMID- 6513196 TI - [24th meeting of the Japanese Society of Nuclear Medicine. 18-20 October 1984, Fushima, Japan. Abstracts]. PMID- 6513198 TI - Adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate dependent protein kinase of uterus in euthyroid and hypothyroid rats. AB - Nature of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinases from the uterus of euthyroid and hypothyroid estrus rats was investigated. There was no significant difference between euthyroid and hypothyroid rats in the protein content and the total activity of cyclic AMP-dependent and independent protein kinases of the soluble fractions of uterus tissues. However it was clearly demonstrated that the type I isozyme remarkably decreased in hypothyroid rats in comparison with that of euthyroid rats. The ratio of type I to type II was 1.26 in euthyroid rats and 0.41 in hypothyroid rats. The kinetic properties of the type I and the type II isozymes from both groups of rats showed similar patterns in NaF, Mg2+, cyclic AMP, histone and ATP. It was not observed that the apparent Km values of both the isozymes for histone and ATP were significantly different between euthyroid and hypothyroid rats. Data obtained from these experiments suggested that the thyroid hormone affected the metabolic processes of the uterus through alteration of the isozyme distribution of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase. PMID- 6513199 TI - Effects of morphine and indomethacin on evoked neuronal responses of ventrobasal thalamic neurones: site of action of analgesic drugs in adjuvant arthritic rats. AB - A single neuronal activity was recorded extracellularly in the ventrobasal (VB) nucleus of the thalamus in adjuvant arthritic rats under urethane anesthesia (1200 mg/kg, i.p.). The effects of morphine and indomethacin on the evoked responses elicited by noxious stimuli (transcutaneous electrical stimulation and tibial nerve electrical stimulation) and/or non-noxious stimuli were investigated. Intravenous administration of morphine and indomethacin depressed the evoked responses elicited by either transcutaneous electrical stimulation or tibial nerve electrical stimulation without affecting any background activities. By contrast, the responses of all neurones investigated responding to non-noxious stimuli were never depressed by the intravenous administration of morphine and indomethacin. Morphine showed the same depressant effects on the evoked responses activated by both noxious stimuli, but the depressant effects due to indomethacin on the evoked discharges were more sensitively produced by transcutaneous electrical stimulation than tibial nerve electrical stimulation. Depressant effects of morphine were restored by intravenous naloxone administration, but not observed in case of indomethacin. These results suggest that an analgesic mechanism of morphine and indomethacin may reside in the neo-spinothalamic projection system of adjuvant arthritic rats and that the site of action of indomethacin may also reside in a peripheral site. However, the mode of the central action of indomethacin was different from that of morphine. PMID- 6513200 TI - Increase of sensitivity and uptake of vinblastine by reserpine in rat ascites hepatoma. AB - We investigated the effect of reserpine on the antitumor effect of vinblastine (VBL) with regard to the drug resistance of rat ascites hepatomas. The sensitivity to VBL was in the order of AH13 greater than AH44 greater than AH109A greater than AH66 cells in the in vitro growth-inhibitory test, and AH66 cells were inherently most resistant to VBL. The intracellular accumulation of VBL was lower in resistant cells than in sensitive cells. Reserpine increased the sensitivity to VBL in the order of AH66 greater than AH109A greater than AH44 greater than AH13 cells. The antitumor synergism was also observed in the in vivo experiments using AH44 and AH66. Reserpine enhanced the VBL accumulation more than 2 times in AH66 and AH109A cells, but slightly increased it in AH13 and AH44 cells. These results indicated that the synergistic effect of reserpine was more potent in relatively resistant cell lines to VBL, and the effect was caused by the enhancement of VBL accumulation. On the other hand, the enhanced growth inhibitory effect and the accumulation of VBL in the presence of reserpine were not influenced by further preincubation with reserpine. Reserpine also did not influence the intracellular level of VBL increased by 2,4-dinitrophenol in a glucose deprived medium. Reserpine decreased the VBL extrusion from AH66 cells more strongly than that from AH44 cells. These results indicated the possibility that reserpine interfered with the VBL efflux process, while it might not influence the VBL influx process.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6513201 TI - Relationship between the inotropy speeds in guinea-pig myocardium and lipophilic character of cardenolides and ericaceous toxins. AB - Interrelation between lipophilic characters and speeds of positive inotropic effect (PIE) of cardenolides and ericaceous toxins was studied by determining both parameters of lipophilicity and inotropy speeds. The lipophilic characters of 8 kinds of cardenolides, evaluated from Rm or log k' values by means of thin layer chromatography (Rf) or high performance liquid chromatography (retention time), increased in the order of ouabain, digoxin, digitoxigenin, digitoxigenin monodigitoxoside, digitoxigenin-bis-digitoxoside, digitoxin, alpha-acetyl digitoxin, triacetyl-digitoxin. Lipophilic character, evaluated from Rm values of 6 kinds of ericaceous toxins, was in decreasing order of 10S-grayanotoxin II, 6 acetyl grayanotoxin I, asebotoxin I, grayanotoxin I, asebotoxin III, asebotoxin X. The speed with which PIE developed was evaluated from the time to half maximum PIE (T50) of cardenolides and ericaceous toxins at a pD2 concentration. The speed of positive inotropy of cardenolides was independent of their concentration tested in the range from half to twice the concentration of pD2, while the speeds of PIE of ericaceous toxins depended on their concentration in the same range used in case of cardenolides. Inotropy speed of these two classes of cardiotoxins correlated well with the lipophilic character: a) In the case of cardenolides, a positive and close correlation (r = 0.98) was observed between T50 and Rm. The more lipophilic the cardenolides, the more time was required to reach the fully development of PIE. b) In contrast, a negative correlation (r = -0.82, between Rm and T50) was obtained in the case of ericaceous toxins; Toxins with more lipophilic nature caused faster development of PIE. The present results can be interpreted to mean that the PIE receptor for cardenolides in myocardial cells is located on the outer surface of the sarcolemma, while that for ericaceous toxins is located on the inside of the myocardial cell. PMID- 6513202 TI - Analysis of the vagal reflex tracheal constriction in the dog. AB - We devised a preparation for measuring the vagal reflex tracheal constriction following the bronchoconstriction induced by histamine inhaled in the bronchial side in dogs. Properties of the vagal reflex tracheal constriction were investigated using this preparation. Histamine inhaled in the bronchial side caused the tracheal constriction following the bronchoconstriction. The tracheal constriction was inhibited by section of the bilateral superior laryngeal nerves or vagal cooling, respectively, but was not completely blocked. The combination of section of the bilateral superior laryngeal nerves and vagal cooling abolished the tracheal constriction. An i.v. administration of pentobarbital reduced both bronchoconstriction and tracheal constriction. These findings indicate that the tracheal constriction observed in the present study is mediated by the vagal reflex arc and that the extravagal pathway consisting of the recurrent and superior laryngeal nerves plays a role in a part of the afferent pathway of the vagal reflex airway responses. When the bronchoconstriction was completely abolished by isoproterenol inhaled in the bronchial side, the reflex tracheal constriction still existed. Transient inflation and deflation of the lungs caused reflex tracheal dilatation and constriction, respectively. We conclude that the vagal reflex airway constriction is due to complex effects which may be mediated by plural sensory receptors in the airways. PMID- 6513203 TI - Electrophysiological studies with LON-954, a tremorogen, in the cat spinal cord. PMID- 6513204 TI - Effect of storage on chlorpromazine and imipramine N-oxidizing activity of rat lung microsomes. PMID- 6513205 TI - Specific binding of [3H]WB 4101, [3H]clonidine and [3H]dihydroalprenolol in cerebral cortical membranes in developing, adult and old rats. PMID- 6513206 TI - A procedure to elongate the stomach tube in the esophageal replacement. AB - When the stomach tube has to be lengthened in case of antethoracic esophageal replacement, a circumferential seromuscular incision is made and the lesser curvature side of the tube is cut through, in the same line of incision. The rent produced is longitudinally suture-closed, by which a definite elongation (about 2 cm by each incision) is obtained. In our department the antethoracic use of the stomach tube has been carried out since 1968, the elongation procedure was started in 1973 as a trial, then its application became more frequent since 1978 and was performed whenever the tube seemed to be deficient in length. The stomach tube was used in 40 cases, of which 17 underwent the elongation procedure. With regard to the suture leak at the site of the antethoracic esophagogastric anastomosis, the incidence was 50 per cent from 1968 to 1972, 54 per cent from 1973 to 1977 and 22 per cent in the last 5 years. Thus, a distinct improvement has occurred with time. PMID- 6513207 TI - Growth patterns of gastric carcinoma detected by mass survey. AB - Two hundred and sixty-seven cases of gastric carcinoma detected by mass survey included 196 discovered at the first examination (Group A) and 71 noted at the annual sequential examination (Group B) were analyzed in terms of growth pattern and prognosis. The incidence of early carcinoma was 54.9 per cent in Group B higher than 35.7 per cent in Group A. In early carcinoma, the superficially spreading (SUPER) type of carcinoma was more common in Group A than in Group B. On the contrary, the penetrating growth (PEN) type of carcinoma was more frequently found in Group B than in Group A. About eighty per cent of those with an advanced carcinoma, in both groups, was the advanced PEN type. The outcome of the patients in Group B was more favorable. These results support the hypothesis that the majority of advanced carcinoma is derived from the PEN type of early carcinoma. Early detection of the PEN type of carcinoma is mandatory. PMID- 6513208 TI - Pancreatectomy for carcinoma of the head of the pancreas associated with multiple anomalies including the preduodenal portal vein. AB - Total pancreatectomy was performed for carcinoma of the head of the pancreas associated with multiple anomalies in the peripancreatic region and of the pancreas. The anomalies were preduodenal portal vein, annular pancreas with agenesis of the dorsal pancreas, left-sided gallbladder, polysplenia and high mobile right colon. The surgical implications of pancreatectomy for such anatomical abnormalities, especially preduodenal portal vein, and the usefulness of ultrasonography for the preoperative evaluation are given attention. PMID- 6513209 TI - Carcinoma with lymphoid stroma of the gallbladder--a case report. AB - A case of carcinoma with lymphoid stroma of the gallbladder is presented. Carcinoma of this type in the breast or the stomach is specified under the designation of carcinoma with lymphoid stroma or infiltration because of a relatively favorable prognosis. The characteristic morphological features are described and the significance of prognostic favorability is discussed together a short review of the literature. This seems to be the first documentation of such a case. PMID- 6513210 TI - Successful splenorenal shunt performed during pregnancy. AB - A case of portal hypertension due to non-cirrhotic portal fibrosis in a pregnant woman is reported. The patient had a massive splenomegaly and hypersplenism. In anticipation of problems associated with portal hypertension in pregnancy, prophylactic splenorenal shunt was performed during the second trimester. The pregnancy progressed uneventfully until the 39th week when Caesarean section had to be performed for foetal distress. A healthy male child was delivered. PMID- 6513211 TI - Splenic autotransplant and residual partial spleen: prevention of septicemia. AB - Postsplenectomy septicemia carries an ominous prognosis. Accompanying disseminated intravascular coagulation and adrenal hemorrhage result in a high mortality, despite aggressive treatment by antibiotics. The efficacy of prevention by in situ partial spleen and splenic auto-transplant were evaluated in Sprague-Dawley rats. All totally splenectomized rats died following intravenous challenge of live pneumococcus. Both partial spleens and autotransplants gave substantial protection. The rats which succumbed to pneumococcal sepsis demonstrated massive fibrin thrombi in renal glomeruli and frank adrenal hemorrhage, strikingly similar to clinical observations. PMID- 6513212 TI - A newly designed clamp facilitates hepatic resection. AB - We designed a new clamp (Inokuchi liver clamp), mainly used for partial or wedge resection of the liver. This clamp is gently curved and has 9 non-traumatic teeth with double step locking devices at the tips. This clamp proved to be most useful for limited hepatic resection, a common procedure for primary liver cancer associated with cirrhosis, however, it can also be used for major resections. From August 1981 to February 1984, this clamp was used by our surgical team in 45 resections of the liver for primary and secondary malignant tumors and benign hemangiomas. PMID- 6513213 TI - [Evaluation of physical working capacity of pneumoconiosis patients on the basis of their anaerobic thresholds]. PMID- 6513214 TI - [Acute pancreatitis and the lung--a comparative study with lung lesions induced by trypsin infusion]. PMID- 6513215 TI - [Analysis of a modified urinary nucleoside in lung cancer patients]. PMID- 6513216 TI - [A case of bilateral diffuse malignant pleural mesothelioma with patchy and reticular shadows on the chest X-ray film]. PMID- 6513217 TI - [A case of sarcoidosis with development of small diffuse nodular shadows on the chest x-ray within one month of the clinical course]. PMID- 6513218 TI - [A case of Hodgkin's disease with prominent pulmonary involvement]. PMID- 6513219 TI - [A case of interstitial pneumonia associated with Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome]. PMID- 6513220 TI - [A case of thoracic kidney complicated with renal anomaly]. PMID- 6513221 TI - [A case of bronchogenic carcinoma developing in a giant bulla]. PMID- 6513223 TI - [Studies on idiopathic varicocele. II: Studies on anti-reflux treatment of the internal spermatic vein in varicocele and its results]. PMID- 6513222 TI - [A study of correlations between therapeutic efficacy of anti-androgen therapy in prostatic cancer and androgen receptor content of prostatic cancer tissue]. PMID- 6513224 TI - [Experimental study on the effectiveness of sequential administration of chemotherapeutic agents in bladder cancer]. PMID- 6513225 TI - [The 31P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) study of the preserved kidneys. II. The change of intracellular pH in the renal tissue]. PMID- 6513226 TI - [Clinical observations of Cushing's syndrome]. PMID- 6513227 TI - [Recurrence of calcium lithiasis following surgical treatment]. PMID- 6513228 TI - [Hydrodynamic study on the ureteral resistance]. PMID- 6513229 TI - [Exfoliative cytology of carcinoma of the prostate: use of a specially designed prostatic fluid obtaining catheter]. PMID- 6513231 TI - [A case of spinal lipoma with the chief complaint of dysuria in an adult and review of the pertinent literature]. PMID- 6513230 TI - [Double cancer observed in occupational and environmental bladder cancer]. PMID- 6513233 TI - A follicular adenoma with C-cell hyperplasia in the equine thyroid. PMID- 6513232 TI - Plasma alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in IS rats and its possible origin. PMID- 6513234 TI - Pathological changes of spontaneous dual infection of tuberculosis and paratuberculosis in beef cattle. PMID- 6513235 TI - Light and electron microscopic observations on bovine amyloid-laden kidneys. PMID- 6513236 TI - Isolation of Haemophilus pleuropneumoniae from the nasal cavities of healthy pigs. PMID- 6513237 TI - Monoclonal antibodies against a Marek's disease tumor-associated surface antigen. PMID- 6513238 TI - Arterial supply to the masseter muscle in the cow. PMID- 6513239 TI - Changes in concentrations of prostaglandins and sex steroids around the time of induced ovulation in prepuberal gilts. PMID- 6513240 TI - Application of indocyanine green clearance test in dairy cows. PMID- 6513241 TI - The ultrastructure of amyloid substances from bovine kidneys. PMID- 6513242 TI - Effect of N-nitroso-ethylenethiourea on germinal cells in male mice. PMID- 6513243 TI - Effect of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae infection on the development of Haemophilus pleuropneumoniae pneumonia in pigs. PMID- 6513244 TI - Biological assay for Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin with Vero cells. PMID- 6513245 TI - Protection of mice against parenteral and oral infection with Yersinia enterocolitica. PMID- 6513246 TI - Inhibitory effect of soft X-ray irradiation on growth of syngeneic tumor in mice. PMID- 6513247 TI - The occurrence of scrapie of sheep in Japan. PMID- 6513248 TI - Incidence and isolation of three new Bacteroides spp. from abscesses in pigs. PMID- 6513249 TI - Arrhythmic and hypotensive actions of gonyautoxins in rabbits. PMID- 6513250 TI - Spontaneous vascular mineralization in the brain of aged B6C3F1 mice. PMID- 6513251 TI - Caudato-pallido-nigral degeneration with cerebral atrophy: report of a case with parkinsonism and dementia. PMID- 6513252 TI - Long term complications caused by injected silicone gel and paraffin oil. PMID- 6513253 TI - Plasmids detected in black-pigmented Bacteroides isolated from the human oral cavity. PMID- 6513254 TI - [Serum IgE level in pulmonary tuberculosis. Comparison with other respiratory diseases]. PMID- 6513255 TI - [The present status and future prospect of chemotherapy for tuberculosis]. PMID- 6513256 TI - [Computers in cardiology--fashion or progress?]. PMID- 6513257 TI - [Platelet activation in ischemic heart disease]. PMID- 6513258 TI - [Various causes of low cardiac output syndrome after open-heart surgery]. PMID- 6513259 TI - [Treatment of low cardiac output syndrome after open-heart surgery]. PMID- 6513260 TI - [Angina pectoris in patients with arterial hypertension aged 40-59 years. I. Incidence and risk factors]. PMID- 6513261 TI - [Angina pectoris in patients with arterial hypertension aged 40-59 years. II. Electrocardiographic and radiographic changes]. PMID- 6513262 TI - [Effect of hypothermia and cardioplegia on coronary vessels and myocardial function]. PMID- 6513263 TI - [Sinoatrial block]. PMID- 6513264 TI - [Results of the Fontan operation in congenital heart defects]. PMID- 6513265 TI - [Use of thermodilution for indirect evaluation of the hemodynamic capacity of various aortic valve prostheses]. PMID- 6513266 TI - [Pulmonary hypertension in the echocardiographic image]. PMID- 6513267 TI - [Blood, erythrocyte and plasma volumes in patients with pheochromocytoma]. PMID- 6513268 TI - [Hemodynamics and pheochromocytoma]. PMID- 6513269 TI - [Factors related to the continuation of treatment of arterial hypertension in urban environments. I. Description of the methods and subject of the studies]. PMID- 6513270 TI - [Post-exercise dynamics of left-ventricular contraction in the evaluation of the results of kinesitherapy of patients with primary arterial hypertension at a health resort]. PMID- 6513271 TI - Effects of renal arterial angiotensin I infusion on glomerular dynamics in sodium replete dogs. AB - During intrarenal infusion of angiotensin I (AI), conversion to angiotensin II (AII) within the kidney has been shown to occur early enough to decrease glomerular filtration rate (GFR). To evaluate further the mechanism by which AI decreases GFR, micropuncture studies were conducted in sodium replete dogs. Feedback-mediated alterations in glomerular function were minimized by reducing renal arterial pressure to 90 mm Hg. During infusion of AI (0.82 +/- 0.01 micrograms min-1), renal blood flow (3.91 +/- 0.25 ml min-1 g-1) and GFR (0.63 +/ 0.04 ml min-1 g-1) decreased by 36.7 +/- 6.1% and 18.9 +/- 6.1%, respectively. Similarly, single nephron GFR decreased from 66.4 +/- 3.8 to 40.0 +/- 3.2 nl min 1 and estimated glomerular plasma flow (280 +/- 49 nl min-1) decreased by 55 +/- 6%. Stop-flow pressure (40.5 +/- 3.6 mm Hg) did not change significantly, while proximal tubular (21.8 +/- 1.4 mm Hg) and peritubular capillary pressures (13.2 +/- 1.8 mm Hg) decreased by 25.5 +/- 2.8% and 49.4% +/- 5.1%, respectively. Glomerular capillary and effective filtration pressures were not altered significantly. There were increases in both preglomerular (168%) and efferent (203%) arteriolar resistances, along with a decrease in the glomerular filtration coefficient (Kf) from 4.6 +/- 0.6 to 2.5 +/- 0.5 nl mm Hg-1 min-1. These data indicate that augmented intrarenal conversion of circulating AI reduces GFR as a consequence of decreases in Kf as well as in glomerular plasma flow, the latter being due to concomitant increases in preglomerular and efferent arteriolar resistances. PMID- 6513272 TI - Microcytic anemia secondary to intraperitoneal aluminum in normal and uremic rats. AB - Dialysis patients exposed to high aluminum (Al) dialysate develop a microcytic anemia which is reversed by deionization (DI) of the dialysate. Because DI removes substances in addition to Al which are known to cause anemia, these experiments were undertaken to determine if Al causes anemia and if the anemia of uremia can be enhanced by Al. Four groups of rats were studied: sham control (A) N = 6; uremic control (B) N = 6; Al-loaded non-uremic (C) N = 7; and Al-loaded uremic (D) N = 5. Aluminum treatment was 1 mg Al intraperitoneally daily for 6 weeks. Uremic rats (B+D) were 1 5/6 nephrectomized; non-uremic (A+C) were sham operated. Blood samples (200 microliter) were obtained prior to (C1) and weekly during treatment (T1 to T6) and analyzed by Coulter Counter. No significant difference in hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit (Hct), or mean cell volume (MCV) was noted at C1 X At T3, MCV of Al-treated rats (C+D) was significantly less than sham control (A) (55.1 +/- 0.5 and 53.0 +/- 0.8 vs. 60.8 +/- 1.5 mu3, P less than 0.05). At T6, MCV, Hb, and Hct of Al-loaded uremic rats (D) (49 +/- 0.5 mu3; 11.8 +/- 0.5 g/dl; 25.1 +/- 2%) were significantly less than both A (58.6 +/- 1.3 mu3; 16.1 +/- 0.4 g/dl; 44.8 +/- 0.3%) and B (58.7 +/- 1.4 mu3; 13.8 +/- 0.4 g/dl; 33.6 +/- 0.5%) (P less than 0.05) and MCV, Hb, and Hct of Al-loaded non-uremic rats (C) (51.7 +/- 1.7 mu3; 12.6 +/- 0.3 g/dl; 29.4 +/- 1.5%) was significantly less than A (P less than 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6513273 TI - Failure of changes in intracapillary pressures to alter proximal fluid reabsorption. AB - To determine the role that peritubular capillary oncotic and hydraulic pressures play in regulating urinary sodium excretion in the euvolemic state, experiments were carried out in rats under conditions which altered these pressures without volume expanding the animal. In cross-circulation experiments, the donor rat was expanded with plasma or Ringer's solution while the recipient rat remained euvolemic. Micropuncture measurements in the euvolemic recipients demonstrated significant increases in efferent plasma flow rate (QEA), capillary hydraulic pressure (Pc), and decreases in mean capillary oncotic pressure (pi c). There were no changes in nephron GFR (SNGFR), absolute proximal reabsorption (APR), or UNaV. In additional studies, peritubular oncotic pressure was lowered markedly by plasmapheresis of the experimental animal. Large decreases in pi c were produced without any change occurring in SNGFR, APR, or UNaV. Measurements of interstitial hydraulic pressure (Pi) with a subcapsular pressure pipet revealed that Pi was unaltered under all of these conditions but rose markedly in rats undergoing a saline-expansion diuresis. Our findings indicate that APR and UNaV can remain constant despite large changes in pi c, Pc, and QEA in nonexpanded animals. Furthermore, the changes in pi c, Pc, and QEA induced in the euvolemic non diuretic rats were the same as those in the saline-expanded diuretic rats. We conclude that under euvolemic experimental conditions, urinary sodium excretion and APR do not correlate with intracapillary pressures or flow rates in the renal cortex. The only difference found between the nondiuretic and diuretic rats was a rise in Pi in the latter group. PMID- 6513274 TI - Role of the medullary perfusion defect in the pathogenesis of ischemic renal failure. AB - Experiments were performed on rats to investigate the significance of the medullary hyperemia known to follow renal ischemia. To this end, its frequency was determined, its severity was quantified, and its relation to renal function was examined early (1 to 3 hr) and later (18 hr) after 45 min of warm ischemia. All kidneys were found to have a hyperemic outer medulla early after ischemia, which was shown to develop during the period of ischemia itself, but which was found to be highly variable in its severity. The degree of hyperemia was assessed both subjectively by grading and by histometric determinations of inner stripe capillary volume. One to hours after ischemia, the severity of medullary hyperemia was reflected in all indices of renal function, the least congested kidneys showing the best function. Eighteen hours after ischemia, the degree of medullary hyperemia was reflected in all indices of renal function, except urine flow rate; the non-congested kidneys showed functional recovery and the still congested kidneys showed worsening function. Glomerular blood flow, known to be preferentially reduced in deep nephrons 1 to 3 hr after ischemia, had normalized 18 hr after ischemia in the non-congested kidneys but was still severely and unevenly depressed in the congested kidneys. It is concluded that congestion of the outer medulla is a key event in ischemic renal failure, its occurrence is coincidental with the reduction in deep nephron perfusion and urinary concentrating power in the early and maintenance phase and its disappearance heralds the restoration of deep nephron perfusion and urinary concentrating ability in the recovery phase. PMID- 6513275 TI - Tubuloglomerular feedback and interstitial pressure in obstructive nephropathy. AB - The possible role of the tubuloglomerular feedback (TGF) mechanism in the altered glomerular hemodynamics and tubular reabsorption which occur with prolonged (24 hr) ureteral obstruction and the changes in renal interstitial hydrostatic and oncotic pressure which may modulate TGF sensitivity were examined. The proximal tubule stop-flow pressure (PSF) response to increased distal tubular flow rates (TGF activity) was determined in rats with sham operation, 24-hr unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO), or 24-hr bilateral ureteral obstruction (BUO), both before and for 2 hr after relief of obstruction. Subcapsular hydrostatic pressure, lymph flow and oncotic pressure, clearance and excretory data were measured in the second series of animals. During and after release of UUO, TGF sensitivity was increased, as indicated by the marked decrease in the loop perfusion rate at which 50% of the maximum decrease in PSF occurred (the turning point of TGF activation). Interstitial oncotic pressure but not hydrostatic pressure was significantly increased in UUO kidneys. In BUO rats, the turning point for TGF activation was slightly higher than the controls and the change in PSF with maximum loop perfusion rates was reduced, indicating a blunting of the TGF response before and particularly during postobstructive diuresis after release of BUO. Interstitial hydrostatic and oncotic pressures were both slightly increased resulting in no changes in net interstitial Starling forces. We conclude that enhanced TGF sensitivity after release of prolonged UUO, associated with increased interstitial oncotic pressure, may play a role in preventing postobstructive diuresis, while the blunting of TGF sensitivity after BUO may contribute to this phenomenon. PMID- 6513276 TI - Hypophosphaturia impairs the renal defense against metabolic acidosis. AB - It is known that Pi normally provides the major source of non-NH3 urinary buffer and that Pi-buffered renal H+ excretion (titratable acidity, TA) accounts for a large fraction of daily renal net acid excretion (NAE). Whether the presence of luminal non-NH3 buffers is a prerequisite to normal renal regulation of systemic acid-base equilibrium under any conditions has not been investigated. Accordingly, I investigated whether chronic renal regulation of plasma (p) [HCO3] might be impaired under conditions of normophosphatemic hypophosphaturia (NHP) produced by short-term dietary Pi restriction. During a steady-state of HCl induced acidosis in NaCl-replete NHP dogs (group 1A, N = 6), [HCO3-]p averaged 14.1 +/- 0.6 mEq/liter and arterial (a) [H+] averaged 54 +/- 2 nEq/liter. Substitution K+ 2.5 mEq/kg as neutral Pi for equivalent dietary KCl for 7 to 8 days resulted in significant amelioration of acidosis (delta [HCO3-]p + 2.2 +/- 0.5 mEq/liter, P less than 0.01; delta [H+]a -6 +/- 2 nEq/liter, P less than 0.01) in association with a cumulative increment (sigma delta) in TA excretion (+ 103 mEq, P less than 0.001) and NAE (+ 22 mEq). To investigate whether Pi-induced amelioration of acidosis was related to enhanced urinary buffer capacity, an additional group (group 1B, N = 5) with NHP and chronic HCl acidosis was administered the non-Pi buffer, neutral creatinine (5.0 mmoles/kg daily). As with Pi, acidosis was ameliorated by creatinine administration and sigma delta NAE increased.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6513278 TI - Usefulness of hypnosis for renal needle biopsy in children. PMID- 6513277 TI - Deposition of hepatitis B e antigen in membranous glomerulonephritis: identification by F(ab')2 fragments of monoclonal antibody. AB - The pathogenic ability of hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) to induce membranous glomerulonephritis was evaluated by the most specific method presently available. Monoclonal antibody was raised against HBeAg, and F(ab')2 fragments were obtained and labeled with fluorescence. By this reagent, 10 out of 16 patients with membranous glomerulonephritis with hepatitis B surface antigen in the serum revealed granular deposition of HBeAg along glomerular capillary walls. Among the cases with glomerular HBeAg deposits, nine had detectable HBeAg in the serum and one had antibody to HBeAg (anti-HBe). The specificity of HBeAg staining was ascertained by blocking and inhibition tests, and the fluoresceinated anti-HBe F(ab')2 reagent did not stain the glomerular immune deposits in the patients with membranous glomerulonephritis who did not carry hepatitis B virus (HBV). None of the studied patients showed deposition of hepatitis B surface or core antigens in the glomerulus. On the basis of these results, immune complexes involving HBeAg may induce membranous glomerulonephritis in persons who carry HBV. PMID- 6513279 TI - [Yersinia enterocolitica infection in childhood]. PMID- 6513280 TI - [Mycologic long-term monitoring of ambulatory and inpatient treated children with malignant diseases during and following continuous polychemotherapy]. PMID- 6513281 TI - [Hearing disorders in children with purulent meningitis caused by ampicillin?]. PMID- 6513282 TI - [Diagnostic and genetic problems of progressive septic granulomatosis]. PMID- 6513283 TI - [15 years' activity of the Work Group for Mucoviscidosis Control in East Germany]. PMID- 6513284 TI - [Small-intestine biopsy in childhood]. PMID- 6513285 TI - [Stimulation of growth hormone by clonidine in children with growth retardation]. PMID- 6513286 TI - [Diencephalon-dependent disorders of body height during development]. PMID- 6513287 TI - [Commissurotomy in the treatment of mitral restenosis]. PMID- 6513288 TI - [Complex evaluation of cardiomechanism in ischemic heart disease]. PMID- 6513289 TI - [Shock lung as a complication of closed chest injuries]. PMID- 6513290 TI - [Bronchofibroscopic and laboratory indices in the early diagnosis of postoperative bronchopulmonary complications]. PMID- 6513292 TI - [Results of organ-sparing procedures in hemorrhaging duodenal ulcer compared with resection technics]. PMID- 6513291 TI - [Surgical treatment of patients with peptic strictures of the esophagus]. PMID- 6513293 TI - [Surgical treatment of heart injuries]. PMID- 6513294 TI - [Optimizing general anesthesia in mitral commissurotomy]. PMID- 6513295 TI - [Use of glue KL-3 in pulmonary surgery]. PMID- 6513296 TI - [Treatment of spontaneous pneumothorax]. PMID- 6513297 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of chylothorax]. PMID- 6513298 TI - [Pleural empyema and its treatment in acute purulent disease of the lung]. PMID- 6513299 TI - [Efficacy of aerosol therapy in the prevention and treatment of bronchopulmonary complications following pulmonary resection]. PMID- 6513300 TI - [Cardiodilatation and cardiomyotomy in the treatment of cardial achalasia]. PMID- 6513301 TI - [Immediate and late results of the surgical treatment of hernias of the esophageal hiatus of the diaphragm]. PMID- 6513302 TI - [Results of mitral valve prosthesis in calcified "pure" and predominant stenosis]. PMID- 6513303 TI - [Early complications after gastric resection and organ-sparing surgery in gastroduodenal ulcer]. PMID- 6513304 TI - [Experimental external left ventricular-aortic bypass]. PMID- 6513305 TI - [Heart damage during catheterization of the major veins and methods of preventing it]. PMID- 6513306 TI - [Surgical treatment of isolated and combined heart injuries]. PMID- 6513307 TI - [Favorable outcome of a perforating knife wound of the heart]. PMID- 6513309 TI - [Plasmacytoma of the posterior mediastinum]. PMID- 6513308 TI - [Successful surgery in thromboembolism of the pulmonary artery associated with paradoxical embolism of the popliteal artery]. PMID- 6513310 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of arteriovenous aneurysms of the pulmonary vessels]. PMID- 6513311 TI - [Is thoracic sympathectomy efficacious after lumbar sympathectomy?]. PMID- 6513312 TI - [Efficacy of lumbar sympathectomy in the treatment of arterial insufficiency of the lower extremities]. PMID- 6513313 TI - [Tactics in infected prosthesis after reconstructive surgery in the aorto-femoral zone]. PMID- 6513314 TI - [Surgical treatment of varicose disease of the lower extremities]. PMID- 6513315 TI - [Use of lysozyme in the treatment of trophic ulcers of the lower extremities]. PMID- 6513316 TI - [Selective compression arteriography in the diagnosis of diseases and sequelae of injuries to the vessels of the lower extremities]. PMID- 6513317 TI - [Analysis of the diagnostic value of electrothermometry in the evaluation of microcirculatory disorders among patients with atherosclerotic lesions of the arteries of the lower extremities]. PMID- 6513318 TI - [Surgical treatment of patients with varicose dilatation of the veins of the lower extremities]. PMID- 6513319 TI - [Rare case of large hiatal hernia associated with giant stomach ulcer complicated by profuse hemorrhage and abscess of the hernia sac]. PMID- 6513321 TI - [Penetrating ulcer mistaken for inoperable cancer of the stomach]. PMID- 6513320 TI - [Case of simultaneous tumors of the stomach with differing histogenesis]. PMID- 6513322 TI - [Spontaneous rupture of the stomach]. PMID- 6513323 TI - [Bruning's esophagoscope with a fiber-optic light guide and optics from a Friedel's bronchoscope]. PMID- 6513324 TI - [Treatment of chronic ischemic heart disease by endovascular constriction of the coronary sinus]. PMID- 6513325 TI - [Functional status of the body and angiography determining indications for surgical treatment of ischemic heart disease]. PMID- 6513327 TI - [Resection methods of treatment in chronic pancreatitis]. PMID- 6513326 TI - [Surgical treatment of acute postoperative pancreatitis]. PMID- 6513328 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome]. PMID- 6513329 TI - [Pancreatic and hepatic punctures under computed tomographic control]. PMID- 6513330 TI - [Surgical results in pancreatic necrosis]. PMID- 6513331 TI - [Differential diagnosis of the forms of acute pancreatitis]. PMID- 6513332 TI - [Treatment of acute pancreatitis]. PMID- 6513333 TI - [Peridural anesthesia and intra-aortic administration of protease inhibitors and antibiotics in the combined treatment of acute biliary pancreatitis]. PMID- 6513334 TI - [Ultraviolet irradiation of the blood of acute pancreatitis patients]. PMID- 6513335 TI - [Surgical injuries of the common bile and pancreatic ducts in duodenal peptic ulcer]. PMID- 6513336 TI - [Surgical treatment of chronic cholangiogenic pancreatitis]. PMID- 6513337 TI - [Benign tumors of the major duodenal papilla]. PMID- 6513338 TI - [Potentials of gastric and duodenal rheography during fiber-optic gastro- and duodenoscopy in detecting digestive organ ischemia and assessing the effectiveness of its surgical treatment]. PMID- 6513339 TI - [Ultrastructural changes in the liver in the early period of acute pancreatitis]. PMID- 6513340 TI - [Morphological changes in the pancreas, liver and lungs in acute postoperative pancreatitis]. PMID- 6513341 TI - [Surgical procedure in acute pancreatitis]. PMID- 6513342 TI - [Surgical procedure in pancreatic necrosis]. PMID- 6513343 TI - [Surgical treatment of acute destructive pancreatitis]. PMID- 6513344 TI - [Dynamics of the local pathological changes and the surgical procedure in necrotic forms of acute pancreatitis]. PMID- 6513345 TI - [The development of suppurative pancreatitis]. PMID- 6513346 TI - [Drainage of the abdominal cavity and retroperitoneal space in acute pancreatitis]. PMID- 6513347 TI - [Severe complications of burns of the stomach and small intestine]. PMID- 6513348 TI - [Surgical procedure in complicated forms of acute pancreatitis]. PMID- 6513349 TI - [Role of coagulating and anticoagulating blood factors in the pathogenesis of acute postoperative pancreatitis]. PMID- 6513350 TI - [Hemorrhagic pancreatic necrosis in the early puerperal period]. PMID- 6513351 TI - [Pylephlebitis following pancreatic resection]. PMID- 6513352 TI - [Degenerative changes in the cellular ultrastructure of the pancreas in patients with compression stenosis of the celiac trunk]. PMID- 6513353 TI - [Phlegmon of the stomach, duodenum and gallbladder]. PMID- 6513355 TI - [Duplication of the pylorus diagnosed by fiber-optic endoscopy]. PMID- 6513354 TI - [Phlegmon of the duodenum as a complication of an ulcer perforating into the head of the pancreas]. PMID- 6513356 TI - [Syndrome of digestive and absorptive insufficiency after the surgical treatment of duodenal peptic ulcer]. PMID- 6513357 TI - [Dynamics of the serum cyclic amino acids after truncal vagotomy combined with organ-preserving and -sparing operations on the stomach]. PMID- 6513358 TI - [Rheography of the abdominal aorta and iliac arteries in obliterative diseases]. PMID- 6513359 TI - [Use of intravascular low-energy laser irradiation of the blood in treating destructive pancreatitis]. PMID- 6513360 TI - [Formation of the gastric stump in high localized ulcers]. PMID- 6513361 TI - [Permanent block of the 3d left thoracic sympathetic ganglion in treating arterial occlusive diseases of the extremities in the gangrene stage]. PMID- 6513362 TI - [A new method of diagnosing diseases of the deep veins of the shin and thigh]. PMID- 6513363 TI - [Complications in the immediate period following surgical procedures for peptic ulcer of the stomach and esophagus]. PMID- 6513364 TI - [Surgical suture material as a cause of complications following surgery on the stomach and duodenum]. PMID- 6513365 TI - [Gastric resection and vagotomy with economic gastric resection in the treatment of combined ulcers of the stomach and duodenum]. PMID- 6513366 TI - [Use of statizol in the treatment of patients with peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum]. PMID- 6513367 TI - [Creation of a esophago-intestinal anastomosis during gastrectomy]. PMID- 6513368 TI - [Proximal gastric resection with creation of a valvular esophagogastric anastomosis]. PMID- 6513369 TI - [Rare variant of vascular compression of the duodenum]. PMID- 6513370 TI - [Rupture of the right cupola of the diaphragm in multiple injury]. PMID- 6513371 TI - [Determination of the preservation of antral branches of the vagus nerve when performing selective proximal vagotomy]. PMID- 6513372 TI - [Comparative evaluation of methods of treating peptic ulcer]. PMID- 6513373 TI - [Indications for surgery and surgical tactics in peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum]. PMID- 6513375 TI - ["Bypass" gastric resection for peptic ulcer]. PMID- 6513374 TI - [Effect of selective proximal vagotomy on the function of the physiologic cardia]. PMID- 6513376 TI - [Surgical treatment of peptic ulcer in late middle-aged and elderly patients]. PMID- 6513377 TI - [Results of surgical treatment of patients in the late stages of ulcerative pyloroduodenal stenosis]. PMID- 6513378 TI - [Secretory function of the stomach in the determination of indications for the surgical treatment of peptic ulcer]. PMID- 6513379 TI - [Regional blood flow in the gastric mucosa before and after resection for peptic ulcer]. PMID- 6513380 TI - [Intragastric proteolysis and parietal digestion after different methods of surgical treatment of peptic ulcer]. PMID- 6513382 TI - [Surgical tactics in acute gastroduodenal hemorrhages of ulcerative etiology]. PMID- 6513381 TI - [Serum gastrin concentration in patients with complications of stomach and duodenal ulcer]. PMID- 6513383 TI - [Prediction of the efficacy of vagotomy in the surgical treatment of duodenal ulcer]. PMID- 6513384 TI - [Malignant gastric ulcers]. PMID- 6513385 TI - [Effect of benzohexonium on the pancreas after truncal vagotomy]. PMID- 6513386 TI - [Secretory function of the gastric glands in stomach ulcer patients]. PMID- 6513387 TI - [Oxygen transport function of the blood in patients with ulcerative gastroduodenal hemorrhage]. PMID- 6513388 TI - [Blood kinins and inhibitory therapy in peptic ulcer]. PMID- 6513389 TI - [Penetrating gastroduodenal ulcers]. PMID- 6513390 TI - [Surgical treatment of peptic ulcer of the duodenum]. PMID- 6513391 TI - [Surgical treatment of bleeding duodenal ulcers in late middle-aged patients]. PMID- 6513392 TI - [Gastrogenic tetany in patients with ulcerative pyloroduodenal stenosis]. PMID- 6513393 TI - [Eye involvement in leprosy. A study in Togo, West Africa]. AB - It is well known that ocular changes occur in leprosy, but data on their frequency differ very considerably (0.8-100%). Two groups of lepers in Togo were examined: first, 206 lepers who had had the disease for approximately 10 years and a second group (101) patients who had been suffering from it for approximately 24 years and had severe mutilations. It became apparent that sooner or later all lepers suffer from ocular complications. The following symptoms were found: loss of the eyebrows in 40.8% (42.6%), loss of the eyelashes in 29.6% (34.6%), lagophthalmos caused by involvement of the 7th cranial nerve in 21.4% (31.7%), corneal changes in 34.5% (49.5%), uveitis in 5.8% (19.8%), atrophy of the optic nerve in 12.6% (11.9%) and cataract in 21.8% (12.8%). The duration of the disease, the type of leprosy and the time when treatment was started are obviously the main factors associated with ocular changes in leprosy. PMID- 6513394 TI - [Binocular functions in unilateral pseudophakia]. AB - 71 patients (average age 64 years) were examined for binocular vision after unilateral posterior chamber lens implantation. Average visual acuity in the pseudophacic as well as the phacic eyes was 0.8. Intact stereoscopic dose-up and long-distance vision was found in 85% of the cases. Patients with vertical phorias or moderately decreased visual acuity more often presented impaired binocular functions. Further investigations will be carried out. PMID- 6513395 TI - [Fundus asymmetry--supertraction of the papilla and posterior sclera staphyloma- as a source of error in the calculation of intraocular lenses]. AB - The evaluation of 404 consecutively implanted posterior-chamber intraocular lenses after extra-capsular cataract extraction revealed a mean post-operative refractive error of + 0.52 diopters with a standard deviation of +/- 1.27 diopters. Four calculations attracted attention because of their unusually high refractive error of + 3.4 diopters. A post-operative refractive balance excluded measurement or calculation errors. On the other hand, repeated axial length measurements on these four eyes showed a very high mean variation of 3.27 mm. This high variation can be correlated to such typical elevation changes of the central fundus as a tilted disc or posterior staphyloma. High axial length measurements which do not correspond to appropriate amounts of axial myopia should be handled carefully to avoid high amounts of hyperopia following intraocular implantation. PMID- 6513396 TI - [Vitrectomy in uveitis]. AB - Between January 1976 and December 1983, at the First University Eye Clinic in Vienna, 568 vitrectomies and 287 lensectomies were carried out; in 69 of these interventions (20 lensectomies and 49 vitrectomies) the diagnosis was uveitis. In 24 cases the indication for vitrectomy was an intermediary uveitis, a post traumatic uveitis in 4 and a sympathetic uveitis in 6 cases as well as suppurative endophthalmitis in 7 patients. Indications for surgical removal of pathological tissue from the anterior chamber by the use of vitrectomy instrumentation were, in 4 cases each, hypopioniritis and a hemorrhagic uveitis, and in 12 cases a phacogenic uveitis. In about two thirds of this very heterogeneous patient material, employing vitrectomy made it possible to achieve regression of uveitis. In the remaining third of the patients, at least a stationary state of the disease was achieved and a reduction of corticosteroid and immunosuppressive therapy were made possible. The best functional results were achieved in all surgical interventions in the anterior ocular segment and in vitrectomies for intermediary uveitis. In suppurative endophthalmitis, however, these results were unfavorable. PMID- 6513397 TI - [Crystalline chorioretinopathy with marginal corneal involvement]. AB - The authors describe central and peripapillary chorioretinal dystrophies seen in 3 patients. In 2 of them a crystalline chorioretinal dystrophy was found. This is compared to the "simple" chorioretinal dystrophy of the third patient. Crystalline deposits in the limbus corneae were found in both patients with crystalline chorioretinopathy. Higher serum cholesterol levels and more widespread chorioretinal dystrophy are associated with greater corneal involvement. Visual acuity, central scotomata and the changes in the electroretinograms correlate with the chorioretinal dystrophy. The crystalline chorioretinopathy found in these patients is associated with Fredriksen's phenotype II, whereas the "simple" form of chorioretinal dystrophy is associated with multiple lipoprotein-type hyperlipidemia. PMID- 6513398 TI - [Surface changes in glass eye prostheses]. AB - The exposed surface of new glass eye protheses becomes rough and is destroyed in use. The changes in the exposed surfaces have been demonstrated by scanning electron microscopy and with thin sections under optical microscopes. The alteration process depends on the length of time the artificial eye is worn. The main cause is chemical attack of the glass surface in the tear fluid, which is usually slightly alkaline. Chronic conjunctival inflammation, appearing after a long period of wearing the same artificial eye, may be caused by mechanical irritation from the surface roughness. PMID- 6513399 TI - [Successful treatment of choroid hemangioma with secondary changes caused by Sturge-Weber syndrome]. AB - A 12 year old patient was treated for Sturge-Weber syndrome with choroidal haemangioma and total exsudative retinal detachment. The diagnosis was supported by echography and thin-layer computed tomography. Because of the exsudative retinal detachment photocoagulation could not be performed. Treatment by percutaneous radiotherapy with Caesium 137 was performed. The retina was reattached by application of 30 Gray. A flat pigmented scar developed in the area of the haemangioma at the posterior pole of the eye. No side effects appeared. The follow-up time is 26 months. PMID- 6513400 TI - [Further clinical studies on chorioiditis geographica]. AB - We present two further cases of choroiditis geographica. One of them we were able to follow up for two years. This allowed us to observe from the beginning the eye which was not at first involved. Weeks before the first lesions were visible, alterations of the EOG appeared. In the other case both eyes were already involved at the time of first presentation to our hospital. The more involved eye had shown typical degeneration as long as 19 years ago, and we found a proliferation of glia at the macula. We propose a systemic therapy with corticosteroids. PMID- 6513401 TI - [Meyer-Schwickerath syndrome with microphthalmia]. AB - This study describes 102 members of a family (5 generations), of whom 42 were found to have Meyer-Schwickerath ODD syndrome with microphthalmia. In older members of the family the condition was complicated by glaucoma, and in younger ones by strabismus. PMID- 6513402 TI - [Syndrome of the flaccid eyelid (floppy eyelid syndrome]. AB - Three patients with increasing swelling of the lateral half of the upper lid associated with chronic papillary conjunctivitis which did not respond to therapy were observed. The history, clinical findings, keratinized epithelial cells in the scrapings and the therapeutic success with a protective shield over night suggested the diagnosis of floppy eyelid syndrome. PMID- 6513404 TI - [Transscleral magnetic fixation of the retina in complicated retinal detachment. A preliminary report of our experiences]. AB - The authors describe a new technique for transscleral fixation of a detached retina. A small metal pin is brought into contact with the surface of the retina and is held in position by an extraocular magnet. This technique has been used successfully on three patients with giant tears and with large retinotomies as a preparation for silicone oil injection. In comparison with other fixation methods it was found to be relatively easy, and the incidence of trauma was low. PMID- 6513403 TI - [Bromhexine in symptomatic treatment of Sjogren syndrome]. AB - In a group of 11 patients with Sjogren's syndrome bromhexine improved tear secretion in 7 cases and salivary secretion in 4. The efficacy of the drug, in particular in patients in whom the syndrome has been present for a short time, was thus confirmed. PMID- 6513405 TI - [Proceeding of the 25th annual session of the Austrian Ophthalmological Society. Vienna/Hofburg, 31 May-2 June 1984]. PMID- 6513406 TI - [Histological changes in the sclera in retinal detachment. I. Spontaneous detachment]. PMID- 6513407 TI - [Immunological features in patients with retinal detachment]. PMID- 6513408 TI - [Optic neuritis as the first sign of multiple myeloma]. PMID- 6513409 TI - [Results of cyclocryoapplication in patients with glaucoma as a function the method of performing the procedure]. PMID- 6513410 TI - [Familial vitreoretinal degeneration]. PMID- 6513411 TI - [Penetration of the cerclage material into the eye after surgery--its diagnosis and prevention]. PMID- 6513412 TI - [Role of the eyelids and tear film during the adaptation of the eye to contact lenses]. PMID- 6513413 TI - [Experimental studies on the usefulness of absorbable sutures used in cerclage operations. 1. Clinical observations]. PMID- 6513414 TI - [Experimental studies on the usefulness of absorbable sutures used in cerclage operations. 2. Macroscopic and histological evaluation]. PMID- 6513415 TI - [Use of soft contact lenses for the correction of refractive errors. I. Methodology]. PMID- 6513416 TI - [Use of soft contact lenses for the correction of refractive errors. II. Results]. PMID- 6513417 TI - [Clinical and surgical problems of retinal detachment and retinoschisis in aphakic eyes]. PMID- 6513418 TI - [Simultaneous operation for retinal detachment and intrascleral iridencleisis for the prevention of glaucoma]. PMID- 6513419 TI - [Choroidal folds associated with chronic papilledema]. PMID- 6513420 TI - [Orbital and eyelid tumors as one of the signs of generalized lymphoma]. PMID- 6513421 TI - [Eosinophilic granuloma of the orbit in a 2-year-old child]. PMID- 6513422 TI - [Prolonged nonbacterial meningitis: clinical aspects and cerebrospinal fluid findings]. AB - Ten to 28 days after hospital admission cell count and/or total protein concentration showed no decrease or further increase in 33 children (25 boys, 8 girls) between 2 to 15-years of age who suffered from acute aseptic meningitis (causative agents: mumps virus in 9 children, enterovirus in 5 children). Three of these children had cerebral palsy as a possible predisposing factor. The onset of prolonged aseptic meningitis was protracted in some children. At hospital admission the clinical features of this disorder differed not from those in uncomplicated acute aseptic meningitis. In 4 children a one-sided and in 4 patients a doublesided peripheral facial paralysis occurred as a transitory complication. One child showed transient arterial hypertension. EEG was normal in most of the children or revealed a slight general slowing only. Apart from a slight enlargement of the ventricles in 3 children cerebral CT showed no abnormality. Complaints like vertigo, headache, and vomiting persisted for weeks or months in part of the children. During the course of the disease CSF reflected two different reactions: 1. further increase of total protein in combination with a minimal cellular response, affecting 2-10 years old boys and girls equally; protein electrophoresis revealing the pattern of severe blood-CSF barrier disturbance, 2. persistant elevation or further increase of both cell count and total protein occurring nearly exclusively in 6-15 years old boys, associated with the CSF-protein pattern of severe blood-CSF barrier disturbance and of oligoclonal gamma-fractions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6513423 TI - [Determination of systolic time intervals in healthy and in adriamycin-treated children]. AB - The systolic time intervals have been measured in 212 normal children, aged 3 to 16 years, and in 30 children with malignant tumours, who were treated with Adriamycin. The normal values of STI in children were calculated and evaluated. Nomogramms for Left Ventricular Ejection Time (LVET) and Pre-ejection Period (PEP) are presented to permit rapid estimation of predicted normal values in children. The evaluation of 5 consecutive heart cycles is enough for measuring STI. Statistically no significant differences were found not only between STI in girls and boys but also between STI-values measuring in the morning, at noon or in the afternoon. Adriamycin-cardiomyopathy can be detected early and reliable through the estimation of the STI. PMID- 6513424 TI - [Reference values of sodium, potassium, calcium, chloride and inorganic phosphate excretion in 24-hour urine of healthy children]. AB - Excretion of sodium, potassium, calcium, chloride and inorganic phosphate was determined in 24 h urine of 157 healthy children (ages 6-14 years). The diet was not controlled. The statistical age- and sexspecific investigation of the results (mval/24 h, mval/24 h/mg creatinine) showed significant differences. PMID- 6513426 TI - [Water loss through the skin and rectal temperature under phototherapy with a doped halide radiating lamp]. AB - A new metal-halid phototherapy-lamp with a bilirubin-effective radiant energy of 11 W/m2 (focus distance 45 cm) was tested with regard to its influence on transepidermal water loss ("TEWL") and rectal temperatures. 23 term and preterm newborn infants (gestational age 28-40 weeks, body weight 980-3450 g) were examined on the first days after birth using the Evaporimeter-method. The mean value of TEWL in babies weighing greater than 2000 g (33 gestational weeks) calculated by a special graphic method (approximation) was 14 ml H2O/kg X 24 h increasing in the smallest babies in an exponential relationship. We recommend to compensate the raised TEWL with 10 ml/24 h and only in preterm babies weighing less than or equal to 1000 g (less than or equal to 28 gestational weeks) with 15 ml/24 h. Rectal temperatures raised only insignificantly under phototherapy. PMID- 6513425 TI - [Reference values of sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium, inorganic phosphate and magnesium levels in the cerebrospinal fluid of children]. AB - Concentration of sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium, inorganic phosphate and magnesium was determined in cerebrospinal fluid of 155 children (ages 1 month - 16 years). On the basis of clinical criterions the children were considered to be "healthy". The total number of examined children was 2 500 (1978-1983). The statistical age- and sexspecific investigation of the results showed no significant differences. Compilation of the values resulted in a physiological concentration of sodium 132.3 +/- 17.6 mval/l, potassium 2,59 +/- 0.37 mval/l, chloride 113.1 +/- 15.5 mval/l, calcium 3.47 +/- 1.45 mval/l, inorganic phosphate 1.11 +/- 0.21 mg/dl and magnesium 2.60 +/- 0.46 mg/dl. PMID- 6513427 TI - [Congenital pilocytic astrocytoma of the brain]. AB - Case report about a 9 months old female infant, that died of an exorbitant large astrocytoma of the base of both hemispheres. The tumor was apparent 10 weeks after birth and considered to be connatal. It has been classified as a pilocytic form, which is very rare in this age. The origin has been discussed as dysontogenic. PMID- 6513428 TI - [Central venous air embolism in an artificially respirated premature infant with respiratory distress syndrome]. AB - We report a 935 g 27 weeks gestational age male infant born to a 30 year old mother on chronic intermittent hemodialysis for three years prior to the pregnancy. Immediately after birth the infant presented with severe respiratory distress requiring mechanical ventilation. Chest x-ray showed severe hyaline membrane disease with interstitial emphysema. The infant developed a left tension pneumothorax and systemic air embolism of the right heart, the inferior and superior vena cava and the hepatic vein, from which it subsequently died about 12 h later. PMID- 6513429 TI - [Diagnosis of congenital AV fistula in childhood--report of a clinical case]. AB - Pulmonary AV fistulas are rarely diagnosed in children. In the absence of cardiac malformations or chronic lung disorders, cyanosis is the most reliable symptom. The diagnosis is confirmed by a series of complementary investigations such as measurement of arterial blood gases, contrast echocardiography, cardiac radionuclid ventriculography and cardiac catheterization studies. These diagnostic procedures serve as a reliable background for any therapeutic decisions. PMID- 6513430 TI - [Fournier's gangrene in a 2-month-old infant]. AB - A two month old boy with Fournier's Gangrene of the scrotum as a result of unnecessary needle puncture of the hydrocele is being reported. The importance of appropriate diagnosis operation and drug-therapy is also described. PMID- 6513431 TI - [Cholangiodysplastic pseudocirrhosis]. AB - Non-cystic cholangiodysplastic pseudocirrhosis of the liver was found in a 7 month old infant. Hepatomegaly was the first clinical sign. The cause of this disease entity ist believed to be a developmental disturbance of the small bile ducts. The etiology is unknown and the clinical course is hard to control. The transition to cirrhosis and the development of hepatocellular carcinoma are described. PMID- 6513432 TI - [Viper bites--symptoms and therapy]. AB - A report on 2 children aged 9 and 10 who had been bitten by venomous snakes (European vipers). With immobilization of the affected limb, continuous drip infusion, intravenous injection of antibiotics and tetanus prophylaxis the course was uncomplicated, though with some severe local symptoms. Snake serum was not used since the possible side effects of the antitoxin, obtained from horses, are considered unjustified by its therapeutic value. The various therapeutic procedures described in the literature are discussed. PMID- 6513433 TI - [Possible prevention of adriamycin-induced cardiomyopathy by verapamil. Results of a pilot study]. AB - An increased cytoplasmatic calcium level seems to play an important role in the pathogenesis of Adriamycin (ADM)-induced cardiomyopathy. Experiments have shown that calcium channel blockers such as verapamil may prevent this type of cardiomyopathy in animals, but data are contradictory. In a clinical pilot trial, the left ventricular function of 22 patients undergoing ADM-chemotherapy in combination with verapamil was examined. M-mode echocardiograms were performed parallel to every chemotherapy course. Left ventricular function was determined by fractional shortening rate (FS) and peak fibre shortening velocity (V ef max.). Three 40-mg doses of verapamil were given p.o./day continuously. Data of these patients were compared with a control group of 61 patients treated and checked equally without additional verapamil therapy. In the course of therapy parameters of left ventricular function remained almost constant in the verapamil group but decreased significantly in the control group. In the verapamil group FS changed by -0.05 FS %/100 mg ADM/m2, V ef max. by +0.015 circ./s/100 mg ADM/m2 compared with -2.31 FS % and -0.33 circ./s in the control group (P 0.01 and 0.001, respectively). In the verapamil group no congestive heart failure occurred and no patient showed FS below 30%, whereas in the control group in 23% (14) of the cases ADM therapy had to be stopped because FS fell below 30%. One congestive heart failure was observed. These clinical results suggest that verapamil may be a useful drug for preventing ADM-induced cardiomyopathy but further investigations are necessary. PMID- 6513434 TI - Intermittent ambulatory blood pressure recordings in children. Methodological aspects and influence of family history on hypertension. AB - In 100 children of different school classes (10-12 years, participation rate ca. 50%) ambulatory blood pressure (BP) was recorded by a semi-automatic non-invasive device (Remler system). BP was measured every 1/2 h between 2 and 7.30 p.m. During each measurement the children protocolled their activity. These BP recordings were repeated five times at monthly intervals in 86 children. In the same children casual and near basal BP was determined. The mean ambulatory BP was 103/64 +/- 7/6 mm Hg. The average retest reliability of the monthly mean values was r = 0.57 for systolic and r = 0.45 for diastolic BP. The variability of BP (standard deviation) was not reproducible. Data recording failed in 32% of all single systolic and in 42% of all single diastolic BP measurements. These drop outs were caused by inappropriate use rather than technical problems. There was a relationship between procolled activities and systolic BP. On average, ambulatory BP was lower than BP under standardized conditions. Under all conditions, children with hypertensive parents exhibited a 6 mm Hg higher systolic BP than children without a similar family history. No sex differences were found. PMID- 6513435 TI - Lung pseudometastases due to vinblastine toxicity. PMID- 6513436 TI - The role of the tubulointerstitial changes in the prognosis of IgA glomerulonephritis. AB - The authors investigated the tubulointerstitial changes (atrophic tubuli, interstitial fibrosis and round-cell infiltration) by two methods in renal biopsies from 56 patients with IgA glomerulonephritis. A statistically significant correlation was found to exist between the tubulointerstitial changes and serum creatinine level at the time of renal biopsy. A statistical significant correlation was also established between serum creatinine at the end of a period of 5 years of follow-up and tubulointerstitial changes. Their results suggest that severe tubulointerstitial lesions in IgA glomerulonephritis carry a poor prognosis. PMID- 6513437 TI - The effect of intraaortic balloon pumping (IABP) on cardiogenic shock due to acute myocardial infarction. PMID- 6513438 TI - [Mathematical method of determining the indicators of blood coagulation and fibrinolysis in the diagnosis of acute liver necrosis in hepatitis B]. PMID- 6513439 TI - [Clinical aspects, angiographic picture and morphological characteristics of renal artery aneurysm]. PMID- 6513440 TI - [Membranous glomerulonephritis]. PMID- 6513441 TI - [Australia antigen in patients with glomerulonephritis]. PMID- 6513442 TI - [Interpretation and prognostic significance of hypercalcemia]. PMID- 6513443 TI - [Bronchial foreign body simulating bronchogenic cancer]. PMID- 6513444 TI - [Case of pleural mesothelioma complicated by amyloidosis of the internal organs]. PMID- 6513445 TI - [Barraquer-Simons syndrome]. PMID- 6513446 TI - [Diagnosis of cancer of the pancreas]. PMID- 6513447 TI - [Differential diagnosis of acute abdomen]. PMID- 6513448 TI - [Cancer of the gallbladder]. PMID- 6513449 TI - [Pharmacological regulation of the exocrine function of the pancreas]. PMID- 6513450 TI - [Changes in oxygen consumption during physical training of patients with post infarction cardiosclerosis]. PMID- 6513452 TI - [The health of healthy people]. PMID- 6513451 TI - [Lipid peroxidation in patients with gastroduodenal diseases]. PMID- 6513453 TI - [Bile biochemistry in various digestive system diseases]. PMID- 6513454 TI - [Use of the biostator (artificial pancreas) in the treatment of patients with diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 6513455 TI - [The emptying function of the stomach in peptic ulcer]. PMID- 6513456 TI - [Adenyl cyclase activity of gastric mucosa in patients with duodenal ulcer before and after treatment]. PMID- 6513458 TI - [Results of the surgical treatment of bile duct injuries]. PMID- 6513457 TI - [Effectiveness of sorption detoxication in acute calculous cholecystitis]. PMID- 6513459 TI - [Diagnostic endoscopy in patients with choledochoduodenoanastomosis]. PMID- 6513460 TI - [Fibrogastroduodenoscopy in the evaluation of remote results of choledochoduodenostomy]. PMID- 6513462 TI - [Clinical manifestations of multiple polyps of the large intestine]. PMID- 6513461 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of acute appendicitis in elderly patients]. PMID- 6513463 TI - [Tasks of a polyclinic with regard to the control of ischemic heart disease and hypertension]. PMID- 6513464 TI - [Early diagnosis of stomach cancer]. PMID- 6513466 TI - [Psychophysiological nature of the "aircraft perception"]. AB - On the basis of reported data and questionnaires filled in by 26 pilots and 60 cadets an attempt was made to give a psychophysiological characterization to the "aircraft perception". It was compared with the characteristics of motor skills and thus the "aircraft perception" was interpreted as an objective property of flying skills, i.e. a specific expression of automatic actions the pilot performs when flying a plane. At a certain stage of the development of the flying skills some movements are controlled via direct sensations and perceptions of noninstrumented signals. The "aircraft sensation" unloads the pilot's attention allowing him to concentrate on other problems. PMID- 6513465 TI - [Diet for the first expedition of Soviet climbers to Mount Everest]. AB - Biomedical requirements for the diets to be used by the Soviet mountaineers during their Everest expedition have been determined, employing the experience of Soviet mountaineers who have ascended the highest summits in this country, dietary data accumulated by the mountaineers who have conquered the Himalaya Mountains and the Karakoram Range, as well as current concepts of human physiology and biochemistry in highlands. This paper presents the major nutritional parameters of the diets and the arrangement of meals. The Soviet mountaineers were on the whole happy with the diets and showed no disorders in the health state, gastrointestinal system or digestive function that can be of nutritional origin. PMID- 6513467 TI - [Tolerance of +G2 gravitation overload in persons aged 41-58 years]. AB - Forty-five men (non-pilots) aged 41-58 were used in 186 experimental runs to study their tolerance to +GZ acceleration. The test subjects were either healthy people or showed atherosclerotic symptoms (the number of which varied from 1-2 to 5 and more). During centrifugation the test subjects had no anti-G suits on. Healthy test subjects exhibited high tolerance to +Gz acceleration of up to 5 g in most centrifugal runs (90.3%). The test subjects with early atherosclerotic changes showed a significantly lower tolerance as compared to the matched controls. It was found that in the atherosclerotic subjects tolerance to +Gz acceleration decreased as its value increased and as the number of atherosclerotic symptoms grew. The major symptoms that limited tolerance to +Gz acceleration in all the test subjects were cardiac arrhythmias and in the atherosclerotic subjects they were also eye disorders and autonomic-vascular reactions during recovery. The data obtained show that it is important to measure individual tolerance to acceleration in people aged 41-58 years old. PMID- 6513468 TI - [Regional blood flow during isokinetic dynamometric tests after 14-day bed rest]. AB - Time-course variations in regional circulation during isometric and isokinetic loads of varying intensity were measured after 14-day head-down tilt. It was found that pulse blood filling of the leg decreased and its vascular response to the load varied. These findings suggest that the impairment of the strength velocity properties of muscles after hypokinesia is associated not only with their morphological changes but also with their inadequate blood supply during loading. PMID- 6513470 TI - [Long-term antiorthostasis (-90 degrees) of animals as a model of critical disorders of homeostasis]. AB - The cardiovascular effect of head-down tilt (at an angle of -90 degrees) was investigated in 25 mongrel dogs exposed to general anesthesia, myorelaxation or pulmonary ventilation. Changes in the circulation and contractility parameters can be subdivided into three periods. At early stages of the exposure an increase in contractile function and hemodynamic changes typical of preload were seen. At later stages progressive disorders of systemic and regional hemodynamics, inhibition of contractile function, and increasing metabolic changes were observed. All this resulted in the death of the animals after 12-20 hours of head down tilt. Gross structural changes that occasionally were irreversible were detected in organs of the dead animals. PMID- 6513469 TI - [Adrenal reactions of monkeys to antiorthostatic hypokinesia]. AB - The following experiments were performed to study the morphology of the adrenals of male rhesus monkeys: six monkeys were exposed to clinostatic hypokinesia for 7 days and then to head-down tilt at -6 degrees for 12 days; two monkeys were exposed only to head-down tilt for 7 days and 5 monkeys were used as controls. The adrenals exhibited changes of three types: stress-reaction manifestations, activation of the glomerular area of the cortex, and synchronization of the medullary matter to noradrenaline production. All these changes reflect adaptive reactions of the animal body to head-down tilt. PMID- 6513471 TI - [Characteristics of bone tissue of rats after flight aboard biosputnik Kosmos 1129]. AB - Bones of rats flown for 19 days onboard Cosmos-1129 were examined. The examination included bone mass, density, mineral composition, reconstruction parameters, and elemental composition at R + 1, R + 6, and R + 29. After flight the rats developed osteoporosis in the spongy structures of tubular bones and a smaller thickness of the cortical layer of the diaphysis; they showed no mineralization of the microstructures, a slight decrease of the Ca concentration, and a normal content of P. At R + 6 these changes progressively developed and at R + 29 they returned to normal. PMID- 6513472 TI - [Oxygen consumption as an indicator of the adaptation of animals to altitude hypoxia]. AB - Altitude chamber experiments have shown that the quantity of oxygen consumption in the posthypoxic period as an index of adaptation to hypoxia is of a low informative value: during the normal course of adaptation, oxygen consumption changes insignificantly or decreases slightly; it increases somewhat if the hypoxic atmosphere contains CO2 (pCO2 = 19 - 27 mm Hg) and declines significantly (by 22.6%) only if adaptation is disordered. At the same time oxygen consumption can be a highly informative index, characterizing the efficiency of adaptation to hypoxia only if it is measured immediately after exposure to acute hypoxia. In this experimental design the magnitude of oxygen consumption increases with increasing oxygen debt which, as follows from our experiments, shows the degree of conditioning to altitude hypoxia. PMID- 6513473 TI - [Biochemical and psychological indicators in air controllers in the "pre-start" state before beginning work activities]. AB - The biochemical parameters (renal excretion of catecholamines, lipid metabolism, cholinesterase activity in blood, excretion of sodium and potassium in the saliva) and psychological parameters (attention concentration, anxiety, rate of information processing) of air controllers were determined immediately before their work shift. Most of the parameters were significantly changed. PMID- 6513474 TI - [Chromosome aberrations in Crepis capillaris after gamma-irradiation and clinostatism]. AB - The rate of cell division and emergence of spontaneous and radiation chromosomal aberrations in Crepis capillaris exposed to clinostating were determined. The plants were gamma-irradiated with 300 R during clinostating when the primary roots were 1-2 mm long. The velocity of clinostat rotation was 2 rpm. The mitotic index was not affected either by clinostating alone or combined with irradiation. The exposure to clinostating did not change significantly the total frequency of nuclear aberrations or the distribution of the aberrations of the chromosomal and chromatin type as well as aberrations resulting from one or two radiation events. Thus, the effect of clinostating combined with gamma-irradiation can be considered zero. PMID- 6513476 TI - [Morphological study of the hypothalamus and hypophysis of Macaca mulatta after experimental antiorthostatic hypokinesia]. PMID- 6513475 TI - [Postural reactions in cosmonauts after long flights aboard Salyut-6]. AB - Tilt tests were used to study changes in cardiovascular responses to ortho- and antiorthostasis of four cosmonauts after their 96- and 140-day flights onboard Salyut-6. Preflight the cosmonauts were exposed to head-up and head-down tests in order to facilitate their readaptation to weightlessness. Postflight all cosmonauts exhibited a better cardiovascular capability to counteract cranial blood redistribution during antiorthostatic tilt tests. This can be considered as a result of their adaptation to weightlessness. After flight every crewmember showed a significant decrease of orthostatic tolerance. One of the factors responsible for the lower orthostatic tolerance is assumed to be inactivity of the vascular tone mechanisms. It is suggested that their better stimulation before reentry may improve the efficacy of countermeasures against postflight orthostatic disorders. PMID- 6513477 TI - [Changes in the nephrons and juxtaglomerular apparatus of the kidneys of monkeys after antiorthostatic hypokinesia]. PMID- 6513478 TI - [Carbohydrates and lipids in the blood serum and liver of rats during recovery from 15-hour hypokinesia]. PMID- 6513479 TI - [Blood amino acids in astronauts before and after a 211-day space flight]. AB - The plasma content of 17 free amino acids of the Commander and Flight-Engineer of Salyut-1-Soyuz-T was examined before flight and on postflight days 1 and 7. The amino acids were measured in an automatic amino acid analyzer Hitachi KLA-3B. Both cosmonauts showed a decrease of most amino acids, particularly essential amino acids. On postflight day 7 the content of most amino acids did not yet return to the preflight level. It can therefore be concluded that the preflight diet should be supplemented with methionine and aspartic acid, and the flight and postflight diets with 7 essential amino acids plus cystine, arginine, proline and aspartic acid. PMID- 6513481 TI - [Comparative analysis of the effect of weightlessness and its model on the velocity-strength properties and tonus of human skeletal muscles]. AB - The effect of various types of support elimination (actual zero-g, water immersion, and head-down tilt) on the strength-velocity properties and tone of leg muscles was investigated. With all the exposures used, there was a high correlation between the tone decrease and the strength potential of antigravitational muscles, as well as the degree of support elimination (immersion and bed rest). This suggests that the tonic changes associated with the decrease of the support input are the major factor responsible for motor disorders during short-term exposures to zero-g. PMID- 6513480 TI - [Biochemical status of adrenocortical dysfunction after space flight]. AB - Renal excretion of 17-HOCS and aldosterone as well as the ratio of excreted glucocorticoids and their precursors was investigated in the Soyuz-31 Commander before and after his 7-day flight. Renal excretion of total 17-HOCS remained unchanged while hydroxylation in positions 11 and 17 in the course of corticosteroid synthesis was relatively deficient. PMID- 6513482 TI - [Free amino acids of blood plasma in astronauts during pre-flight training]. AB - Taking into consideration metabolic specificities of cosmonauts, the data on their amino acid composition during preflight training were summarized. Seasonal variations produced no effect on the content of free amino acids of plasma. The analysis yielded a physiological norm for this population which can be used to identify more reliably changes in the amino acid composition of plasma after space flight. PMID- 6513483 TI - [LBNP training of crew members of the Saliut-6 orbital station]. AB - This paper describes the protocols of LBNP training of five prime crews that flew onboard Salyut-6. It is indicated that LBNP is one of the major constituents of countermeasures that must be performed inflight. LBNP may help adapt to weightlessness-induced blood redistribution and predict the level of postflight orthostatic tolerance. PMID- 6513484 TI - [Study of the variations in cardiovascular system indicators using the main component method]. AB - The main component method was used to analyze measurements of cardiovascular parameters taken in 14 healthy operators at rest. The entire sample included 237 observations. Each observation was characterized by the deviation of heart rate, mean blood pressure and stroke volume from individual data points. The latter were individual mean values of the above parameters recorded during the Valsalva maneuver. The first two main components were responsible for over 77% of total variance of signs. Visual analysis of observation distribution with respect to the components revealed small group and single data points situated peripherally at a distance from the major constellation of data points. With respect to the values in these groups it can be assumed that some of them correspond to the stressed state of the cardiovascular system. Two thirds of data points in the stressed groups are associated with the subjects who show a weak reaction to the Valsalva maneuver and one third corresponds to the true stressed state. Taking into account the Valsalva maneuver, the deviations from individual data points can be used to identify the stressed state of the cardiovascular system in healthy men at rest. PMID- 6513485 TI - [Role of mental work in man's tolerance to whole-body vibration]. AB - Phasic changes of psychophysiological parameters developed in response to vibration of 10 Hz and acceleration of 1 m/s2 for 1 h. During the first phase some parameters decreased and others increased. Later all psychophysiological parameters significantly decreased. Circulation parameters tended to decline during exposure. The psychophysiological changes were less expressed in the test subjects normally involved in mental work. This suggests that mental workers have higher tolerance to vibration effects. PMID- 6513486 TI - [Water content of the lungs during 7-day anti-orthostatic hypokinesia]. AB - The time-course variation of the water content of the lungs of seven male volunteers were examined during 7-day head-down tilt (at -15 degrees). As compared to the horizontal subjects, the tilted subjects showed a significant increase in the water content from 557 +/- 19 ml to 612 +/- +/- 63 ml by the 7th hour of the tilt. Later on the parameter gradually declined and on tilt day 7 almost returned to the pretest level, i.e., 567 +/- 46 ml. This increase in the water content during the first hours of the exposure can be attributed to the hydrostatic factors: higher pulmonary artery pressure and higher cardiac output. The increase in the water content on tilt days 3-7 can be associated with changes in the permeability of lung capillaries, drainage function of the lymphatic system of the lungs, and colloidal-osmotic pressure in the perivascular space of the lungs. PMID- 6513487 TI - [Water metabolism in monkeys during 14-day anti-orthostatic hypokinesia]. AB - Water balance parameters were measured in hypokinetic rhesus monkeys using tritiated water. During exposure the water content decreased by 18.4%, with 11.3% lost within the first 7 days. The rate of water renovation measured with respect to H3 half-life was decreased by a factor of 1.5 during the first week and increased by 10% during the second week, as compared to the pretest value. Daily water losses diminished by 30% during the first week and approached the pretest level during the second week. These findings are indicative of three phases in the time-course variations of water balance during head-down tilt. PMID- 6513488 TI - [Preventive effect of acute thermal exposure during hypokinesia]. AB - Rat experiments have shown that adaptation to acute thermal effects increases the functional ability of the heart and blood circulation. This results in an increased thermal tolerance and hypoxic resistance of the myocardium. The prophylactic effect of acute thermal exposures during hypokinesia is related to a significant reduction of the level of metabolic and functional changes in the heart and skeletal muscles during diminished motor activity. PMID- 6513489 TI - [Evaluation of adaptation of animals to hypoxic hypoxia by the multiple regression method]. AB - White mice were exposed to hypoxic hypoxia during 30 days. In the study a correlation between the altitude ceiling and various physiological parameters (body weight, body temperature variations in response to a cold stress (5 degrees C), hemoglobin content, coefficients of adaptive oxygen consumption determined as the ratio of oxygen consumption at 6000 m to that at sea level (K1) and the ratio of oxygen consumption in hypoxic environment to that in a normoxic atmosphere (K2) was established. The data obtained allow the conclusion that the multiple regression method can be used for measuring objectively the tension of regulatory systems and for discriminating stages of animal adaptation to hypoxic hypoxia. PMID- 6513490 TI - [Effect of increased ammonia concentrations in the atmosphere of closed chambers on various indicators of nitrogen and carbohydrate metabolism in men on controlled diets]. AB - This paper presents data on nitrogen and carbohydrate metabolism in men kept in an enclosed environment with a high ammonium content (2 and 5 mg/m3) combined with a high temperature and humidity. The toxic environmental effect manifests itself when the ammonium concentration increases up to 5 mg/m3 in combination with a high temperature and humidity level. During this period protein catabolism and negative nitrogen balance enhance. It is recommended that vitamins should be added to the diet used under the above conditions. PMID- 6513491 TI - [A model of the Dialog information system for the processing of abstracts]. PMID- 6513492 TI - [A method of studying the respiratory function of the lungs using the "Spirolit 2" device]. PMID- 6513493 TI - [Indicators of carbohydrate metabolism and serum enzyme activity after short-term space flights]. PMID- 6513494 TI - [Quantitative and qualitative changes in opportunistic intestinal microflora in humans during long-term hypokinesia]. PMID- 6513495 TI - [Opioid peptide content of rat tissues during long-term physical restraint]. PMID- 6513496 TI - [Effect of the long-term fractional effect of constant high-energy magnetic fields on adrenal medulla activity]. PMID- 6513497 TI - [Effect of constant magnetic fields on the duration of hemorrhage]. PMID- 6513498 TI - An ethanol-acetic acid-formol saline fixative for routine use with special application to the fixation of non-perfused rat lung. AB - An ethanol-acetic acid-formol saline fixative (40 : 5 : 10 : 45 v/v) has been developed which gives good results with non-perfused rat lung and which may be used routinely for the fixation of a wide range of rat tissues. The special qualities of the fixative include good penetration, good fixation of nuclei and mitotic chromosomes, and little shrinkage after paraffin embedding. The fixative is also easy to use and has a flexible fixation period (nominally 48 h). Although several fixative mixtures containing alcohol, acetic acid and formalin have previously been reported, none are identical to the present mixture, which was developed independently and systematically in accordance with specific listed requirements. PMID- 6513499 TI - Characterization of the analogues to human pregnancy-associated alpha 2 glycoprotein (alpha 2PAG, PZP) isolated in the mouse and rat. AB - Immunological cross-reaction and antigenic identity between pregnancy-associated alpha 2-glycoprotein (alpha 2PAG) and alpha 2PAG analogues in the mouse and the rat are demonstrated. The proteins have been characterized independently in 2 different laboratories and the physicochemical and biological properties of the rat and the mouse alpha 2PAG analogues and human alpha 2PAG are compared and discussed. PMID- 6513500 TI - Effective sterilization of a plastic film rack isolator with 'Alcide'. AB - A 'use challenge' test of the sterilizing ability of 'Alcide' was devised against a 'cocktail' of 8 selected bacteria and 2 fungi. The organisms were used to coat the inside of an isolator prior to sterilization with 'Alcide' solution. After exposure to the solution for 24 h, no organisms could be recovered from the surfaces of the isolator. No operator discomfort was observed during preparation of the 'Alcide' solution. PMID- 6513501 TI - Breeding the common shrew (Sorex araneus) in captivity. AB - A method for the systematic breeding of the common shrew (Sorex araneus) is described. By use of this method 20 litters of common shrew, conceived in the wild and in captivity, were reared to weaning. Successful fertilization was recorded for 74% of pairings and 68% of young known to have been born were reared to weaning. Breeding records indicate that common shrews will mate within a few days of pairing and that the duration of pregnancy and lactation is about 43 days. PMID- 6513502 TI - A method for producing forced expirograms in laboratory animals. AB - A method is described for the production of forced expirograms in anaesthetized laboratory animals, using a whole-body plethysmograph and a Hewlett-Packard (HP) 1000-F computer. PMID- 6513503 TI - Diagnostic exercise. Tetrameres americana infection in pigeons. PMID- 6513504 TI - Airborne transfer of contaminants in ventilated spaces. AB - To assess the effectiveness of directional air flow and the influence of a disturbance such as opening and closing doors on the airborne transfer of contamination, the concentration of a tracer gas (ethane) was measured at various locations in a model consisting of four adjacent rooms between two corridors. Each room had two doors opening into the corridor. Ethane concentrations were measured as a function of pressure drop (0, +/- 0.005, +/- 0.01, and +/- 0.02 in. H2O) and time of door opening and closing (3, 6, and 9 sec). A hydrocarbon analyzer was used to measure the concentration of ethane. Contamination was transferred in the direction of decreasing static pressure and was proportional to the magnitude of the pressure differential. Opening and closing a door led to exchange of air between the spaces separated by the door regardless of the sign of the pressure differential that existed when the door was closed. The extent to which a space was contaminated by opening and closing a door was directly proportional to the time the door was open. Contaminant concentration differences between adjacent spaces were greatest when the connecting door was kept closed and the pressure differential was least. The findings indicate that modification of current practices may lead to improved protection of personnel, animals, and experiments from contamination. PMID- 6513505 TI - A comparison of life-span and spontaneous tumor incidence of male and female Han:WIST virgin and retired breeder rats. AB - In a long-term study, the life-expectancy of 320 female virgin Han:WIST rats was significantly lower than that of 320 male virgins, whereas no major differences existed in a successive study with retired breeders (296 females and 252 males) of the same stock. Within the sexes, the female retired breeders lived on average longer than the virgins, whereas the male retired breeders had a higher mortality between the 33rd and 36th month than their virgin counterparts. Differences in life-expectancy were mainly due to varying incidences of uterine adenocarcinomas in the females and an adverse development of pituitary gland tumors in the males. A sexual difference was found in both groups for tumors of the pituitary gland, the islet cells of the pancreas, mammary gland, subcutis and mesenteric lymph nodes. A possible hormonal influence on tumorigenesis is discussed. PMID- 6513506 TI - Diarrhea in nonhuman primates: a survey of primate colonies for incidence rates and clinical opinion. AB - Veterinary clinicians associated with 18 colonies of nonhuman primates were surveyed for their experience with diarrhea disease in colony animals for calendar year 1981. The 1981 diarrhea incidence rate, diarrhea-specific mortality rate and diarrhea case fatality rate for 13,385 monkeys were 10.6%, 1.2% and 11.1%, respectively. It was not possible to incriminate age or type of housing as risk factors for diarrhea, but some species seemed at greater risk than others. Erythrocebus patas monkeys had relatively high diarrhea incidence rates (18.8%) and the highest case fatality rate (48.4%) of all species surveyed. Squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus) and baboons (Papio sp.) had low diarrhea incidence rates (2.1% and 3.2%, respectively). This opinion survey indicated a lack of uniformity among primate clinicians with respect to approaches to diagnosis and therapy of monkey diarrhea. The survey also suggested that many of the agents associated were perceived differently among primate clinicians, and that the roles of some agents are still poorly understood. PMID- 6513507 TI - Breeding and offspring rearing ability of C57BL/6J dystrophic mice. AB - The antiepileptic drug phenytoin, administered in drinking water for 104 days, was used to reduce the neural overactivity (pseudomyotonia) of C57BL/6J dystrophic (dy2J/dy2J) male mice in an attempt to improve their breeding success over a 90-day period. Male dy2J/dy2J mice have difficulty in successfully mounting females due to the pseudomyotonia affecting their hindlimb musculature. Breeding success, as judged by litter frequency, of dy2J/dy2J males receiving phenytoin (5 micrograms/ml serum) was compared with untreated dy2J/dy2J and phenotypically normal (+/?) male and female mice. Phenytoin did not enhance male dy2J/dy2J breeding success. Based on dy2J/dy2J crosses with +/? animals, the dy2J/dy2J female was a more successful breeder than the dy2J/dy2J male. In terms of litter frequency, litter size, and offspring birth weight, dy2J/dy2J females (age 8-21 wks.) bred as efficiently as +/? females of the same age. Dystrophic females were deficient in offspring rearing capabilities as evidenced by lower offspring survival rates and weaning weights. PMID- 6513508 TI - A technique for monitoring respiratory responses in guinea pigs. AB - A piezoelectric crystal was used to detect respiration rates and pulmonary retractions of guinea pigs in response to intratracheal administration of histamine. Voltage output from the crystal was displayed on a recorder for visual processing and interfaced to a microcomputer for automatic data processing. Using intratracheal instillation of histamine, this system accurately reproduced the visual observations of respiratory responses in guinea pigs. PMID- 6513509 TI - Bacterial and mycoplasmal flora of the middle ear of laboratory rats with otitis media. AB - Purulent otitis media was confirmed at necropsy in 35 laboratory rats, 14 of which had shown clinical signs of middle ear infection. The bacterial flora of both the affected and grossly normal middle ears was similar, often mixed, and comprised mainly of Staphylococcus haemolyticus, Pasteurella pneumotropica and Corynebacterium spp. Twenty-one isolates of Mycoplasma spp. were recovered from the middle ears of 11 rats with purulent otitis media and one normal rat. Fourteen of the isolates were further identified as either Mycoplasma arthriditis (eight isolates) or Mycoplasma pulmonis (six isolates). In ears affected with otitis media, mycoplasmas were isolated significantly more often from subclinical than from clinical cases, while Pasteurella pneumotropica was isolated significantly more often from clinical than subclinical cases. PMID- 6513510 TI - A successful technique for the preservation of rabbit embryos. AB - A technique for successfully freezing, thawing and transferring rabbit embryos has been developed. Morula stage embryos were collected from super-ovulated female rabbits by flushing both oviducts and uterine horns with a tissue culture medium. Well developed, viable embryos were then transferred to freezing vials and a cryoprotectant, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) was added in several steps to bring its final concentration to 1.6 molar. To freeze the embryos the temperature was lowered slowly (either 0.5 degrees C/min or 1.0 degrees C/min) to -80 degrees C at which point the vials were transferred directly to liquid nitrogen (-196 degrees C). Thawing was done at 8 degrees C/min. After thawing, phosphate buffered saline was added in a stepwise manner to dilute the DMSO. The thawed embryos were then cultured at 37 degrees C. Transfer of the embryos was accomplished by laparotomizing a pseudopregnant doe and introducing the embryos into the fimbriated ends of the oviducts. The 101 positively transferred embryos resulted in 45 implantations and 34 live born young. PMID- 6513511 TI - A relationship between frequency of display of territorial marking behavior and coat color in male Mongolian gerbils. AB - Mongolian gerbils exhibit a territorial marking behavior which is androgen dependent and sexually dimorphic, with males marking more frequently than females. In males a subpopulation of high frequency and low frequency markers was observed in gerbils with brown or black coat color. The present study examines the possibility that this marking frequency difference is genetically determined. After eight generations of selective inbreeding of brown gerbils to maximize the incidence of high marking males, no change in the ratio of high to low marking males was observed. When less common black gerbils were mated with brown gerbils in classic F1 X F2 crosses, a ratio of 3 brown to 1 black resulted, suggesting that black coat color was a Mendelian recessive trait. Marking behavior measured in the offspring of F1 X F2 crosses over five generations revealed significantly higher average marking frequencies in black males than in heterozygous or homozygous brown males. This difference was due to a smaller percentage of low markers among black males than among brown males. Females from these crosses showed no marking frequency differences. Plasma testosterone levels and ventral scent gland size were not different among low or high markers in either black or brown males. These results suggest that there is an androgen-independent genetic component to the expression of territorial marking behavior in the gerbil. PMID- 6513512 TI - Endometriosis with bacterial peritonitis in a baboon. AB - An adult female Papio hamadryas being used in reproductive studies was found moribund unexpectedly. Palpation revealed acute abdominal pain and a pelvic mass. A tentative diagnosis of endometriosis and shock was made. Necropsy and histological examination confirmed the diagnosis of endometriosis and identified an associated bacterial peritonitis. PMID- 6513513 TI - Secondary amyloidosis in rhesus monkeys with chronic indwelling venous catheters. AB - Secondary amyloidosis was diagnosed in five Rhesus monkeys with chronic indwelling venous catheters. Diagnostic enzymology demonstrated normal serum alanine aminotransferase concentration and consistently elevated serum alkaline phosphatase. Serum protein electrophoresis on all five animals showed a typical pattern of decreased albumin and increased gamma globulin. Necropsy or biopsy specimens verified the presence of amyloid deposits in all animals. The diagnostic usefulness of clinical enzymology, serum protein electrophoresis and liver biopsy were demonstrated and the importance of considering amyloidosis as a differential diagnosis in monkeys with indwelling vascular catheters is emphasized. PMID- 6513514 TI - A method of restraining rats for intravenous injection using a flexible plastic bag. AB - Intravenous injections via the tail vein of the rat were made easier by using cone-shaped plastic bags. The technique is simple and less traumatic for the rat. PMID- 6513515 TI - Records and the occupational physician. PMID- 6513516 TI - Using COSTAR in occupational health. PMID- 6513518 TI - Industrial processes: precious metal refining. PMID- 6513517 TI - Medical surveillance of compressed air work support service personnel. PMID- 6513519 TI - Anxiety in some Welsh students. PMID- 6513521 TI - Predictors and concomitants of changes in drug use patterns among teenagers. PMID- 6513520 TI - Coparticipant effects on subjects' decisions to consent for risk-involving research. PMID- 6513522 TI - Torsion and bending imposed on a new anterior cruciate ligament prosthesis during knee flexion: an evaluation method. AB - A new composite prosthesis was recently proposed for the anterior cruciate ligament. It is implanted in the femur and the tibia through two anchoring channels. Its intra-articular portion, composed of a fiber mesh sheath wrapped around a silicone rubber cylindrical core, reproduces satisfactorily the ligament response in tension. However, the prosthesis does not only undergo elongation. In addition, it is submitted to torsion in its intra-articular portion and bending at its ends. This paper presents a new method to evaluate these two types of deformations throughout a knee flexion by means of a geometric model of the implanted prosthesis. Input data originate from two sources: (i) a three dimensional anatomic topology of the knee joint in full extension, providing the localization of the prosthesis anchoring channels, and ii) a kinematic model of the knee describing the motion of these anchoring channels during a physiological flexion of the knee joint. The evaluation method is independent of the way input data are obtained. This method, applied to a right cadaveric knee, shows that the orientation of the anchoring channels has a large effect on the extent of torsion and bending applied to the implanted prosthesis throughout a knee flexion, especially on the femoral side. The study suggests also the best choice for the anchoring channel axes orientation. PMID- 6513523 TI - Three-dimensional finite element analysis of a simplified compression plate fixation system. AB - A three-dimensional, linear finite element model was generated for an intact plexiglass tube with an attached six-hole stainless steel compression plate. We examined external forces representing axial, off-center axial, and four-point bending, along with superimposed plate and screw pretension. Strain gage experiments were conducted to test model validity and the finite element results were contrasted to a composite beam theory solution. Excellent correspondence was observed between finite element and strain gage data for the most significant strain components. Composite beam theory tended to overestimate the neutral axis shift which results from plate application. The model also demonstrated fracture site distraction due to plate pretension, and the tendency for outer screw failure for the combination of bending-closed with a preload in the plate and screws. PMID- 6513524 TI - Governing equations of motion for the otolith organs and their response to a step change in velocity of the skull. AB - The otolith organs are the linear motion sensors of the inner ear. They comprise an overdamped second-order system and respond to gravity and skull acceleration. The governing equations of motion which describe the relative displacement of the mass with respect to the skull are developed. When these equations are non dimensionalized they indicate that the elastic term is almost negligible with respect to the viscous and inertial terms. For a step change in skull velocity an analytic solution is given for the elastic term equal to zero and numeric solutions are given for small values of the elastic term. PMID- 6513525 TI - An experimental study of pressure losses in pulsatile flows through rigid and pulsating stenosis. AB - The time-dependent pressure curves of a pulsatile flow across rigid and pulsating stenoses were investigated experimentally in a laboratory simulator of the outflow tract of the heart right ventricle. The experiments were performed within the range of physiological conditions of frequency and flow rate. The experimental setup consisted of a closed flow system which was operated by a pulsatile pump, and a test chamber which enabled checking different modes of stenosis. Rigid constrictions were simulated by means of axisymmetric blunt-ended annular plugs with moderate-to-severe area reductions. The pulsating stenosis consisted of a short starling resistor device operated by a pulsating external pressure which was synchronized by the pulsatile flow. It was found that the shape of the time-dependent pressure curve upstream of the stenosis was different in the case of rigid stenosis than in the pulsating one. Potential clinical applications of the work may relate to diagnosis of the type of stenosis in the congenital heart disease known as Tetralogy of Fallot. PMID- 6513526 TI - Gas transport during oscillatory flow in a network of branching tubes. AB - A transport coefficient was measured for a range of oscillatory flow conditions in a branching network of tubes. Measurements were made both across the first generation of a three-generation network and the second generation of a four generation network. The results for these two series of tests were similar, indicating that there was no significant effect due to the system boundaries. The results are cast in terms of an effective axial diffusion coefficient of the form (Formula: see text) where kappa is the molecular diffusivity, Vt is the local stroke volume (cc); and f is the oscillation frequency (Hz). These results are compared to those obtained by other investigators in branching systems of similar geometry. At low frequency, this result is found to be in approximate agreement with the steady flow result of Scherer, et al. [15]. This expression differs from the oscillatory flow results of Tarbell, et al. [19] for liquids, primarily in terms of the effects of oscillation frequency. PMID- 6513527 TI - Theory and experiment for the effect of vascular microstructure on surface tissue heat transfer--Part I: Anatomical foundation and model conceptualization. AB - A new theoretical model supported by ultrastructural studies and high-spatial resolution temperature measurements is presented for surface tissue heat transfer in a two-part study. In this first paper, vascular casts of the rabbit thigh prepared by the tissue clearance method were serially sectioned parallel to the skin surface to determine the detailed variation of the vascular geometry as a function of tissue depth. Simple quantitative models of the basic vascular structures observed were then analyzed in terms of their characteristic thermal relaxation lengths and a new three-layer conceptual model proposed for surface tissue heat transfer. Fine wire temperature measurements with an 80-micron average diameter thermocouple junction and spatial increments of 20 micrometers between measurement sites have shown for the first time the detailed temperature fluctuations in the microvasculature and have confirmed the fundamental assumptions of the proposed three-layer model for the deep tissue, skeletal muscle and cutaneous layers. PMID- 6513528 TI - Theory and experiment for the effect of vascular microstructure on surface tissue heat transfer--Part II: Model formulation and solution. AB - In this paper the conceptual three-layer representation of surface tissue heat transfer proposed in Weinbaum, Jiji and Lemons [1], is developed into a detailed quantitative model. This model takes into consideration the variation of the number density, size and flow velocity of the countercurrent arterio-venous vessels as a function of depth from the skin surface, the directionality of blood perfusion in the transverse vessel layer and the superficial shunting of blood to the cutaneous layer. A closed form analytic solution for the boundary value problem coupling the three layers is obtained. This solution is in terms of numerically evaluated integrals describing the detailed vascular geometry, a capillary bleed-off distribution function and parameters describing the shunting of blood to the cutaneous layer. Representative heat transfer results for typical physiological conditions are presented. PMID- 6513529 TI - A computational method for stress analysis of adaptive elastic materials with a view toward applications in strain-induced bone remodeling. AB - A computational method has been developed to obtain numerical results in the stress analysis of adaptive elastic materials. The method is based on a 3 dimensional finite element model that can change geometry and material properties based on the local strain. The solution procedure is iterative; the model is updated in time steps based on the current remodeling to provide incremental remodeling predictions. The method provides a vehicle for examination of different continuum models and their corresponding parameters for strain-induced remodeling in long bone. Use of the method with simple models of theoretical interest is presented. Results show agreement with available analytical results as well as the importance of coupled remodeling effects not previously examined. PMID- 6513530 TI - Entry flow in a circular tube of aortic arch dimensions. AB - Steady flow within a uniform circular curved tube formed by two 90-deg elbows was studied as a function of psi, the angle between the planes of curvature of the two elbows. Boundary layer separation was found at two locations. The sites of these separation zones were observed to be essentially independent of psi while the Reynolds number at which separation was first detected was found to decrease as psi increased. The relation between separation and the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis is discussed. Secondary flow pattern was found to depend on psi and in some instances on Reynolds number as well. PMID- 6513531 TI - Semi-automatic reconstruction of the spatial trajectory of an impacted pedestrian surrogate using high-speed cinephotogrammetry and digital image analysis. PMID- 6513532 TI - On the damping properties of the shoulder complex. AB - Effectiveness of the multi-segmented total-human-body models to predict accurately live human response depends heavily on the task of proper biomechanical description and simulation of the articulating joints. Determination of the damping properties in articulating joints is an important part of this task and constitutes the subject of this paper. A new method which is based on the damped oscillations of a body segment is introduced by considering the shoulder complex as an example. The numerical results for the angular damping coefficients at the shoulder complex are presented for forty different orientations of the arm with respect to torso. The angular damping coefficients exhibit a nonlinear behavior as a function of the arm orientation. PMID- 6513533 TI - Determination of muscle and joint forces: a new technique to solve the indeterminate problem. AB - Analytic determination of muscle force across human joints encounters an indeterminate problem. A new optimization approach, based on minimizing the upper bound of muscle stress, is introduced to obtain a unique solution. Mathematical and physiological justification of this new approach distinguishes it from previously described methods. A complex joint, the elbow, was studied. The results of muscle forces in resisting the elbow flexion moment were obtained and compared with electromyographic observation, as well as with solution from other optimizing techniques. The resultant humero-ulnar joint forces at various elbow joint positions are calculated. In normal daily activities, resultant joint forces of 0.3-0.5 times body weight are commonly encountered. PMID- 6513534 TI - Control of sliding and rolling at natural joints. AB - The planar motion of the human knee joint is modeled, involving the relative motion of the geometry of the contacting surface between the tibia and the femur. The pure gliding motion and the pure rolling motion are formulated including the holonomic and nonholonomic constraints that must be satisfied. A control strategy with two classes of inputs: muscle forces that stabilize and bring about the motion and the ligament forces that maintain the constraints is presented. Finally, the effectiveness of this control structure is demonstrated via digital computer simulations in the pure gliding motion and the pure rolling motion of the knee. PMID- 6513535 TI - Nonlinear elastic analysis of blood vessels. AB - Based on the theory of Green and Adkins [9], a strain energy function is proposed to describe the nonlinear mechanical behavior of arteries. The arterial tissue is assumed to be a nonlinear elastic, incompressible material with local triclinicity and transverse isotropy. Although the arterial tissue shows viscous phenomena, experimental results have indicated that viscosity is only a second order effect as compared to the nonlinear elasticity of the tissue. The advantage of the formulation presented herein is that it is relatively simple and results in an accurate stress-strain relation that can be used readily for the study of wave propagations in the blood vessels. For nonlinear finite strain elasticity of the order two, ten elastic constants are needed to describe the material nonlinearity of the arterial tissue. Based on the orthogonal, transverse isotropies and the incompressibility conditions, ten constraint equations may be established and the elastic constants can be uniquely determined by correlating with the experimental results. An example of calculating these elastic constants is made by using the experimental data of Patel, et al. [14-17] for the intercoastal arteries in living dogs. The predicted mechanical behavior of canine arteries is quite satisfactory as compared to the experimental data except when the longitudinal and the circumferential stretches exceed 1.60. However, such a strain magnitude may not be expected in in-vivo arteries because of the constraints of peripheral connecting tissues. Otherwise, the strain energy function including higher order strain terms should be used.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6513536 TI - Measurement of the water permeability of single human granulocytes on a microscopic stopped-flow mixing system. AB - The water permeability (Lp) of human granulocytes was measured for individual isolated cells with a novel, microscopic stopped-flow mixing system. Changes in volume were monitored as a cell was introduced suddenly into an osmotically active solution. Permeability values were determined as a function of solution osmolality from the volume versus time curves for mixing into both hypotonic and hypertonic solutions within the range of 145 to 833 mOsm. The calculated reference permeability at 25 degrees C was 1.15 micrometers/atm.min with an osmotic coefficient of 0.46 Osm/kg. PMID- 6513537 TI - The effects of malnutrition on serum fibronectin and reticuloendothelial function. AB - A rat model was used to investigate the effects of starvation and protein depletion on serum fibronectin levels and reticuloendothelial function. Serum fibronectin levels decreased significantly following both test diets. The uptake of opsonin-independent test agents was minimally affected by starvation and protein depletion. Clearance of gelatinized colloidal carbon, which is dependent on circulating opsonins, was significantly reduced in the malnourished animals. This clearance defect was corrected by incubation of colloidal carbon with normal serum. These data suggest that reticuloendothelial dysfunction secondary to malnutrition is primarily mediated by a deficiency of circulating opsonins. PMID- 6513538 TI - Glucose production in the perfused dog liver: effect of free fatty acids and ketones. AB - The perfused rat liver model has been used widely for the past 30 years to investigate various aspects of hepatic metabolism. Certain aspects of the regulation of glucose production, however, are different in rats and in higher mammals. A method for perfusing dog livers in situ has been developed. It is easier to perform and to standardize than previously described techniques, and enables the direct effect of various substances on glucose production to be tested. This new approach has been used to assess the influence of ketones and albumin-bound free fatty acids (FFA) on total hepatic glucose output. In contrast to the response generally observed in the rat, it was found that an increased availability of FFA or ketones caused a net decrease in glucose output from the dog liver. Thus, perfusion of the dog liver is a feasible technique that is particularly useful because the responses in rats and dogs are not always the same. PMID- 6513539 TI - A comparative study of skin blood flow in musculocutaneous and random pattern flaps. AB - The present study in dogs was performed to evaluate the development of blood flow in cranial-based, rectus abdominis musculocutaneous (MCF) and random pattern (RPF) flaps and in adjacent intact skin before and after operation. Prior to raising of the flaps the intact skin area had the same blood flow in all the test injections. Following flap elevation blood flow in the MCF increased and on the second postoperative day (POD) it was 2.6 times the preoperative value. From POD 2 through POD 15 only minor changes were found for blood flow in MCF. Blood flow in the RPF immediately after surgery was only 31% of the preoperative value and 24% of the MCF value. After POD 2-3 blood flow in RPF, however, increased and reached the preoperative level and continued to increase through POD 15. Intact adjacent skin showed changes similar to those of MCF through POD 6, however, by POD 15 blood flow had decreased and was lower than that in MCF and RPF. Blood flow rates at remote sites in the groin and shoulder were identical and showed only a slight increase during the first two postoperative days. It is concluded that MCF have an early and continuous increase in blood flow after raising, while RPF have an early decrease. RPF, however, develop a subsequent increase in flow lasting through POD 15. Intact adjacent skin also showed increased blood flow which could not be attributed to a generalized increase in skin blood flow. PMID- 6513540 TI - Role of the liver in host defense to pneumococcus following splenectomy. AB - Splenectomy is associated with increased susceptibility to bacterial infection, and this is thought to be primarily due to a decrease in clearance of bacteria from the blood. The purpose of the present study was to determine if splenectomy could increase susceptibility to pneumococcus type 3, which is cleared primarily by the liver in rats, and if hepatic function is altered by splenectomy. Splenectomy increased the mortality of rats challenged iv with pneumococcus. Heat killed, 51Cr-labeled pneumococci were rapidly cleared by the liver and splenectomy did not alter the initial clearance rate or the initial hepatic uptake of bacteria. Injection of viable pneumococci showed that blood levels were unchanged at 30 min but were much greater 5 hr after challenge in splenectomized animals. Hepatic uptake of viable pneumococcus was also not changed at 30 min after injection but at 5 hr the number of bacteria in the liver was greater in the splenectomized animals. This suggests an impairment in hepatic bactericidal function. Another contributing factor may have been that the hepatic bactericidal capacity was overwhelmed by the pneumococci which would normally have been killed by the spleen. Lung localization of viable bacteria was increased initially but there was no decrease in pulmonary bactericidal function. Thus, splenectomy increased susceptibility to a bacteria cleared primarily by the liver which was attributed to an impairment of hepatic bactericidal function and/or an inability of the liver to compensate for the loss of splenic function due to a saturation of the bactericidal system. PMID- 6513541 TI - Wound closure: an analysis of the relative contributions of contraction and epithelialization. AB - The behavior of excisional wounds in rat and man has been analyzed. The rate of change in wound area due to contraction has been shown to be consistent with a constant linear rate of movement of the wound margins. The rate of change of area due to epithelialization has been shown to be consistent with a constant linear rate of growth of the epithelium. These rates together with the relevant delay times are shown to be the appropriate parameters for the comparison of the behaviors of excisional wounds. These parameters can be calculated from the change in wound area with time. An unexpected finding was that in both rat and man, the values obtained for the rates of contraction and epithelialization varied widely but the combined rates of these two processes varied little. PMID- 6513542 TI - Effects of indomethacin on blood flow in the normal pancreas in conscious dogs. AB - In anesthetised animals basal pancreatic blood flow, both in the normal gland and in acute pancreatitis, and basal renal blood flow have been shown to be dependent on prostaglandins (PGs). However, in conscious dogs it has been demonstrated that the reliance of basal renal blood flow on PGs is only apparent, and probably due to the effect of anesthesia and surgery stimulating PG synthesis through enhanced stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system. This study was undertaken to investigate the changes in mean blood pressure, cardiac output, and pancreatic arterial blood flow, relative to the cardiac output, in the normal pancreas, with and without PG synthesis inhibition (indomethacin) in conscious dogs. Blood flows were measured with electromagnetic flow probes. The effects of indomethacin were measured over a 2-hr period and compared to a control group. The results show that the relative pancreatic blood flow is not affected by doses of indomethacin which decrease cardiac output (P less than 0.5). It is suggested that PGs may have no effect on blood flow in the normal pancreas in conscious animals. PMID- 6513543 TI - Suppression of postprandial lower esophageal sphincter pressure and pancreatic polypeptide by duodenal exclusion. AB - It has previously been shown that peptone perfusion of an excluded duodenum results in increased lower esophageal sphincter pressure (LESP). The current study was undertaken to determine the effect of duodenal exclusion on the increase in lower esophageal sphincter pressure normally observed postprandially. Six dogs had measurement of fasting and postprandial LESP with simultaneous measurement of gastrin, vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), and pancreatic polypeptide (HPP). The animals then underwent duodenal exclusion via a Roux-Y pylorojejunostomy. Experiments were repeated after recovery. All dogs demonstrated the expected marked rise in LESP during control meals (P less than 0.001). Duodenal exclusion completely abolished the increase in LESP normally observed postprandially. This difference in response was significant at the level of P less than 0.005. The response of gastrin and VIP to feeding were not altered in any way by duodenal exclusion. Pancreatic polypeptide release, however, was markedly attenuated by duodenal exclusion. This difference from the control period was significant at the level of P less than 0.05. Duodenal exclusion abolished the response of the LES to feeding and is accompanied by a concomitant decrease in release of pancreatic polypeptide, a hormone with known stimulatory effects on the LES. It appears that the duodenum may make a significant contribution to postprandial increases in LESP. PMID- 6513544 TI - The etiology of "white bile" in the biliary tree. AB - "White bile" is the colorless fluid occasionally found in occluded biliary systems. The absence of pigments in this "bile" was not satisfactorily explained. The objectives of this study were to assess its etiology. In dogs, "white bile" developed whenever both the common bile duct and the cystic duct were ligated. In comparison, dark green ("black") bile occurred when only the common bile duct was ligated leaving the gallbladder in communication with the obstructed ducts. The pressure in extrahepatic ducts containing "white bile" was significantly higher than in those filled with "black bile." Flow in the extrahepatic ducts was assessed by the aid of radioiodinated human serum albumin (RIHSA). When "black bile" was present, the direction of flow was from the extrahepatic ducts into the gallbladder. Whenever "white bile" developed, a reverse flow from the extrahepatic ducts into the liver was observed. Thus, the role of the gallbladder appears to be decompression of the biliary system allowing bile flow from the liver even in obstruction. In the absence of the gallbladder water absorption activity, the colorless secretion of the bile ducts seems to "back wash" into the liver and replace the bile present in the ducts at the time of occlusion. PMID- 6513545 TI - Gastrointestinal endoscopy in the small community hospital. PMID- 6513546 TI - Physician manpower in Tennessee in 1978 and 1983. PMID- 6513547 TI - Technology! Good News--bad news. PMID- 6513548 TI - School health education in Tennessee. PMID- 6513549 TI - Glucocorticoid effects on newly synthesized proteins in muscle and non-muscle cells cultured from neonatal rat hearts. AB - To analyze direct effects of steroids on the rates of synthesis (and/or degradation) of newly synthesized proteins of the rat heart, we have used high resolution two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and autoradiography. A collective steroid domain of nineteen proteins, comprising fifteen with an increased rate of synthesis and four with a decreased rate of synthesis, was consistently seen in cultures of cardiac muscle and non-muscle cells from neonatal rats following 24 h incubation with 10(-7) dexamethasone. Similarly, incubation with 10(-7) M sex steroids, mineralocorticoids, and other glucocorticoids including the highly selective compound RU26988, established the glucocorticoid-specificity of the response. Different subsets of this glucocorticoid domain were seen for collagenase- or trypsin-dispersed primary cultures of cardiac muscle and non muscle cells or for passaged cultures of cardiac non-muscle cells. Six polypeptides were consistently induced in all cardiac cultures, regardless of cell morphology. Two polypeptides were consistently induced only in those cultures containing cardiac non-muscle cells, whereas protein l, of identical Mr(approximately 52K) and pI (approximately 5.3) to desmin, was induced only in cultures of spontaneously contractile cardiac muscle cells. The glucocorticoid domain proteins described herein represent direct steroid effects on cardiac cells and are therefore candidate mediators of physiological glucocorticoid effects on, for example, differentiation and contractility. PMID- 6513550 TI - Glucocorticoids modify the rate of ribosomal RNA synthesis in rat thymus cells by regulating the polymerase elongation rate. AB - The mechanism by which glucocorticoids inhibit RNA polymerase A activity, and hence rRNA synthesis, in rat thymus cells has been investigated. Studies of the intranuclear distribution of RNA polymerase A between chromatin bound ("engaged") and unbound ("free") forms revealed that the steroid-mediated inhibition of the activity of the "engaged" form of the enzyme was not accompanied by significant changes in "free" pool activity. In the presence of rifamycin AF/0-13, an inhibitor of re-initiation of RNA polymerase A, the rate of [3H]UMP incorporation into RNA was slower in nuclei from steroid-treated cells than in those from control cells, although in both conditions similar plateau levels of UMP incorporation were attained. Direct measurements of the numbers of transcribing RNA polymerase A molecules and of elongation rates showed that the inhibition of pre-rRNA synthesis was the result of a decrease in enzyme elongation rate; no significant change was observed in the number of transcribing enzymes. The steroid-induced inhibition of pre-rRNA synthesis was selectively abolished by mild proteolysis of nuclei, suggesting the involvement of a labile, regulatory glucocorticoid-induced protein. It is concluded that glucocorticoid treatment of rat thymus cells decreases 45S rRNA synthesis primarily by decreasing the polyribonucleotide elongation rate of RNA polymerase A, possibly by modification of the enzyme. PMID- 6513551 TI - Lack of an effect of estrogen on endogenous RNA polymerase II in guinea pig brain. AB - An early action of estrogen in peripheral target tissues is to increase endogenous RNA polymerase II activity which precedes changes in protein synthesis. Previous reports have indicated that estrogen causes a similar increase in polymerase activity in rat brain regions containing high affinity receptors for this hormone. The present series of experiments was designed to test whether a similar action of estrogen on polymerase activity occurs in guinea pig brain, with the expectation being that this enzyme might prove to be a useful marker for the early actions of estrogen. Injections of 25 or 100 micrograms estradiol-17 beta in an ethanol-saline vehicle failed to induce significant changes in polymerase II activity in the basal hypothalamus, preoptic area-septum or cortex 1, 2, 6, 13 or 24 h after hormone administration. It is concluded that the modification of RNA polymerase II activity by estrogen is not a good marker for estrogen action in the brain. This may be due to the intrinsic heterogeneity of the tissue resulting possibly in (1) increased activity in some cells and decreased activity in other cells with no net change in overall polymerase activity after estrogen treatment (2) only a small percentage of the cells responding to the steroid with altered polymerase activity with this change not detectable when whole tissue is measured or (3) only a few genes within the cells being altered in transcription by the steroid. PMID- 6513552 TI - Non-activated progesterone receptor extracted from nuclei of hen oviduct. AB - When the progesterone receptor was extracted from nuclei of laying hen oviduct with 0.5 M sodium molybdate, a large, 7-8 S, form of the receptor was observed. This receptor form resembled non-activated cytoplasmic receptor not only in displaying the same sedimentation coefficient, but also in rapid dissociation rate of the hormone-receptor complex. This finding suggests that either activation may occur within the nuclear compartment, or that activation may be reversed under certain conditions. PMID- 6513553 TI - ATP-dependent activation of glucocorticoid-receptor complexes from the rat's heart. AB - The effect of ATP on the cytosolic rat heart glucocorticoid receptor was studied by employing different methods for evaluation of the changes in molecular properties of the receptor, induced by activation. Incubation of triamcinolone acetonide labelled cytosol at 25 degrees C or with 10 mM ATP at 4 degrees C leads to the increase in the partition coefficient of the receptor in the aqueous dextran-polyethylene glycol two-phase system and also nuclear uptake of the complexes. The effect of ATP on the partition coefficient was more pronounced, compared with that of thermal treatment or dilution of the cytosol and totally inhibited by 10 mM sodium molybdate. The activating effect of ATP on the glucocorticoid-receptor complexes and sensitivity of this activation to sodium molybdate was also confirmed by DEAE-cellulose chromatography of cytosolic receptor preparations. The results suggest that ATP may be involved in the glucocorticoid receptor activation and through this regulates the translocation of complexes into the nucleus under in vivo conditions. PMID- 6513554 TI - Bacterial formation of aldosterone metabolites. AB - The experiments described in this paper demonstrate that most of the metabolic alterations of the aldosterone molecule, hitherto attributed to hepatic enzymes, equally well may be carried out by enzymes synthesized by anaerobic bacteria from the human gut. The steroid reductases synthesized by Clostridium paraputrificum, Clostridium J-1, and Clostridium innocuum convert aldosterone to the 3 alpha, 5 beta tetrahydroaldosterone (THA), 3 beta, 5 alpha-THA, and 3 alpha, 5 alpha-THA, respectively. All three enzymes metabolize 5 alpha.dihydroaldosterone to a single compound: 3 beta, 5 alpha-THA. Bifidobacterium adolescentis reduces aldosterone to 20 beta-dihydroaldosterone. In mixed cultures of B. adolescentis and clostridia, the individual enzymes operate independently of each other; however, about half of the aldosterone metabolites are in the free form and half in the acetal form. By appropriate selection of substrate and bacterial strains, therefore, it is possible to biosynthesize not only three of the THA isomers but also the hexahydroisomers in free form as well as in the acetal form. PMID- 6513555 TI - Steroidal regulation of rat uterine in vitro mRNA translation products. AB - Total rat uterine mRNA was isolated following 1,2 or 3 days of estradiol, 3 days of progesterone, or 3 days of progesterone and estradiol treatment of immature animals. The mRNA translation products were analyzed by 2-dimensional electrophoresis. The results demonstrate that a number of mRNA products were affected by varying the hormonal conditions. Estradiol consistently caused an increase in mRNA in vitro translation products corresponding to polypeptides with mol. wt of 40,000 Daltons (p40), 59,000 Daltons (p59). A polypeptide with a mol. wt of 37,000 Daltons (p37) consistently decreases in concentration following estradiol administration. Progesterone, alone, caused a decrease in p37, p59, and a slight increase in p40. When progesterone was combined with estradiol we detected translation product levels similar to those seen following 1 day of estradiol treatment. Thus, the change in mRNA populations as a response of the immature rat uterus to estradiol and progesterone can be utilized to characterize the tissue's response to these hormones. This type of study also provides a method for detecting gene products which may possibly be utilized as potential markers to investigate estrogen and progesterone action. PMID- 6513556 TI - The fate of corticosterone and 11-deoxycorticosterone in C57BL/6 and BALB/c strains of mice: distribution and oxidative metabolism. AB - The distribution kinetics and oxidative metabolism of [4-C14] corticosterone (B) and 11-deoxy-[1,2-3H] corticosterone (DOC) were compared in C57BL/6 (B6) and BALB/c (C) mice. Statistically important differences in the distribution of [14C]B and [3H]DOC occurred that were independent of strain, while other differences were strain dependent. Intestinal excretion of metabolites of B and DOC was greater in B6 mice than in C mice, and kidney excretion was greater in C mice than B6 mice. In both C and B6 mice, 3H was cleared from liver faster than 14C, with no strain differences. DOC metabolite levels exceeded B metabolite levels in small intestine and gall bladder of both strains. In most other organs, B metabolites exceeded DOC metabolites. Time average strain differences in accumulation of B and its metabolites favoring B6 were found in pancreas, brain, lung, heart, muscles, adrenals, spleen, mesentery and small intestine. Except for the organs of excretion, no strain differences were found for [3H]DOC metabolites. Sixty minutes after steroid administration, 45% of B metabolites and a third of DOC metabolites were 20-hydroxy-21-oic acids. In the intestine, accumulation of acids derived from either B or DOC was greater for B6 than C strain mice, reflecting the greater proportion of total steroid excreted in the B6 strain. PMID- 6513557 TI - Analysis of metabolic profiles of steroids in faeces of healthy subjects undergoing chenodeoxycholic acid treatment by liquid-gel chromatography and gas liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. AB - The multicomponent analysis of faecal steroids is described. Steroids were removed from faeces by solvent stripping in a Soxhlet apparatus and the resulting extracts were fractionated by diethylaminohydroxypropyl Sephadex column chromatography into neutral sterols, free bile acids, glycine conjugated bile acids, taurine conjugated bile acids and sulphated steroids. In this study the method has been applied for faecal steroid analyses of healthy subjects undergoing chenodeoxycholic acid therapy. Chenodeoxycholic acid administration causes a considerable increase in the concentration of faecal lithocholic acid which is a known comutagenic bile acid. Furthermore it has been shown that conjugated bile acids can account for between 10 and 20% of the faecal bile acid pool. The method described is convenient and may be useful for epidemiological studies which require a large number of faecal samples to be analysed. PMID- 6513559 TI - The endogenous concentration of estradiol and estrone in normal human postmenopausal endometrium. AB - The endogenous estrone (E1) and estradiol (E2) levels (pg/g tissue) were measured in 54 postmenopausal, atrophic endometria and compared with the E1 and E2 levels in plasma (pg/ml). The results from the tissue levels of both steroids showed large variations and there was no significant correlation with their plasma levels. The mean E2 concentration in tissue was 420 pg/g, 50 times higher than in plasma and the E1 concentration of 270 pg/g was 9 times higher. The E2/E1 ratio in tissue of 1.6, was higher than the corresponding E2/E1 ratio in plasma, being 0.3. We conclude that normal postmenopausal atrophic endometria contain relatively high concentrations of estradiol and somewhat lower estrone levels. These tissue levels do not lead to histological effects. PMID- 6513558 TI - The bioavailability and metabolism of trilostane in normal subjects, a comparative study using high pressure liquid chromatographic and quantitative cytochemical assays. AB - High pressure liquid chromatographic (HPLC) analysis of plasma taken over 8 h from ten normal male subjects medicated with 120 mg of trilostane revealed that the drug is rapidly metabolised into at least one metabolite, 17-keto trilostane. Both compounds were detected in the blood stream at concentrations greater than 2 X 10(-7) M within an hour and were cleared from the blood by 6-8 h. Approximately 3 times the concentration of metabolite was detected compared to the parent compound in most samples analysed. There were large subject to subject variations in the handling of drug. Standard curves of pure 17-keto trilostane and trilostane were parallel as assessed by cytochemical bioassay. This assay is based upon the inhibition of 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity in unfixed tissue sections of the dioestrous rat ovary. The relative potency of the metabolite compared to trilostane was 1.71 (95% confidence 1.5-2.0) over the dose range 0.15-1.5 microM. Thus, the metabolite may be the major active agent when trilostane is administered for clinical purposes. In a further 4 volunteers, who also received 120 mg trilostane and were sampled over an 8 h period, plasma was analysed independently by HPLC and cytochemical assays. In the majority of cases the bioactivity recorded (relative to a trilostane standard curve) was substantially higher than the molar sum of circulating trilostane and 17-keto trilostane (as assessed by HPLC). However, if the relative potency of 17-keto trilostane is taken into consideration, correlation between the two assays was excellent (r = 0.947, n = 18, P less than 0.001). This also suggests that no further active metabolites were present in the plasma samples. The drug profiles seen in the second study were essentially the same as described for the first 10 volunteers. The combination of a bioassay, which detects trilostane-like bioactivity, and HPLC, which reveals the type of metabolism, should aid our understanding of the clinical value of this potentially important drug. PMID- 6513560 TI - Stimulation by estradiol-17 beta of thymidine kinase activity in the rat uterus. AB - The action of estradiol-17 beta (E2) on thymidine kinase (TK) activity was studied in uteri from immature female rats. It was demonstrated that a single injection of E2 highly stimulated the enzyme activity which reached its maximum level 24 h after hormone administration. Physiological amounts of E2 were efficient and changes in TK activity were observed exclusively in uterus and liver. A single injection of Tamoxifen produced the same effect as E2 but repeated administration resulted in the complete inhibition of enzyme activity. Using antibiotics it was demonstrated that E2 induced the synthesis of new enzyme molecules rather than an increase in enzyme activity. This statement was corroborated by the fact that after hormone administration the increase in TK activity was preceded by an increase in RNA-polymerase activity and followed by that in DNA-polymerase alpha activity. Moreover, the separation of TK isoenzymes on DEAE-Sephadex and the use of d-CTP as inhibitor of the adult isozyme suggested that E2 induced the "fetal" form of the enzyme. In addition, it was demonstrated that TK activity in uteri from ovariectomized adult female rats was enhanced by E2 administration, and that the increase was due to the stimulation of the fetal isoenzyme. It was suggested that TK could be used as a marker of the action of estrogens and antiestrogens in target organs. PMID- 6513561 TI - Synthesis of 3,4-estrogen-o-quinone. AB - Activated manganese dioxide was found to be an effective reagent for synthesis of estrogen-o-quinones from the corresponding catechols. The isolation and characterization of 1,5(10)-estradiene-3,4,17-trione is described. PMID- 6513562 TI - Absence of 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone action in the sebaceous-like uropygial gland of the male Japanese quail. AB - The uropygial gland of the quail, a sebaceous-like gland, has been proven to be androgen-dependent. Waxes secreted by this gland consist of fatty acids esterified by alkane-2,3-diols [12]. In castrated quails, the relative concentration of dodecane diol was enhanced after testosterone treatment; but 5 alpha-DHT could not evoke any increase in the relative concentration of dodecane diol. It is not possible from our present results to know if this lack of gland response to DHT administration is related to a high level of DHT metabolism in the gland cells or to a decreased affinity of the androgen receptor for DHT. However, because of the high similarity existing between uropygial gland of birds and mammalian sebaceous glands, these results give rise to the question of the true role of DHT in mammalian sebaceous glands. PMID- 6513563 TI - A mathematical representation for vessel network III. AB - The loop vascular network is found frequently within biological tissue, but a schematic characterization of the loop vascular network is at present difficult to describe. The reason is that the topographical feature of vessel loop can change during maturation. In this article, we treat the mathematical representation of the loop vessel network, and discuss the application of this to the increased vascular resistance in hypertensive animals resulting from microvascular rarefaction. On the other hand, the number of regions into which the tissue plane is divided by n bifurcational tree branches is derived from recurrence relation. PMID- 6513564 TI - Cable properties of a neuron model with non-uniform membrane resistivity. AB - We propose an exact, self-closed and simple method for simultaneous estimation of the electrotonic length of the equivalent dendritic cylinder, and the ratio of dendritic to somatic input conductance in the Rall's motoneuron model (1969), from a voltage transient at the soma in response to a current step applied to the soma. We prove the theoretical constraint in the Rall's motoneuron model that one half of the ratio of amplitudes of the first two peeled exponentials in a membrane voltage transient caused by a current step, must be smaller than the ratio of the corresponding first two time constants. This theoretical prediction is not satisfied for several types of neurons, and our method to estimate cable parameters is not applicable to these neurons. By extending the Rall's neuron model, we develop a neuron model, which contains two membrane resistance per unit area; one for somatic membrane and one for dendritic membrane. In this model we obtain the transient solution of membrane potential at the soma in response to a current step applied to the soma. It is shown that the amplitude ratio can be larger than double of the time constant ratio when the somatic resistance is lower than the dendritic resistance. Moreover, we give a purely electrophysiological method to estimate cable parameters of the extended model from soma transient in response to a current step. PMID- 6513565 TI - Phonon-electron coupling as a possible transducing mechanism in bioelectronic processes involving neuromelanin. PMID- 6513566 TI - Theoretical models and computer simulations of neural learning systems. AB - It has been generally assumed for a long time that learning is accomplished in the central nervous system (CNS) by modifying strengths of ties between neurons. Various mechanisms may contribute to this process, but it is not known which are the specific mechanisms, and what are the rules by which they operate. Theoretical models, which are based on that general assumption are introduced. The purpose of the models is to suggest plausible ways by which learned information may be stored in the neural network, and be retrieved when it is needed. The networks in the models consist of four basic subunits, in accordance with identified units in the CNS: sensing, response, feeling, and control, plus association areas. The suggested operation rules are based on established operation rules of individual neurons, and assumed rules when neurons in groups are considered. Computer simulations are done, to check the consistency of the models, and to illustrate how they work. They simulate how an hypothetical kitten learns part of its environment, and show how relevant information may be stored and retrieved in its neuronal network. The suggested mechanisms could be examined in experiments, albeit not easy ones to conduct. PMID- 6513567 TI - Logical elements in living cells. AB - Recognition processes with enhanced accuracy (as performed by structures like enzymes or ribosomes) are investigated using elementary ideas of statistical mechanics and related concepts of thermodynamics. The analysis starts from a formal definition of recognition and provides a correspondence with appropriate physical properties of the macromolecular logical elements. Transitions of the recognizing system between different modifications are a necessary feature of a more exacting recognition process. Rearrangement steps provide the process with higher accuracy by performing two physical operations: (1) rearranging the phase space of the system so that the "correct" states be better separated from the "wrong" states and the probability of occupation of the "correct" states be enhanced, (2) directing the process toward the more favourable modifications thus formed. Both operations are related to changes in the physical properties of the recognizing system. These changes can be expressed as differences of macromolecular Gibbs energy levels; if ligand binding or release participate in a step, directivity of the step depends also on the actual chemical potentials of the ligands in solution. The two operations just mentioned resemble two basic operations known to be necessary in electronic digital networks: directivity of control and signal standardization. An analysis of the entire reaction catalysed by a macromolecular logical element takes into account the requirements imposed by the logical functions as well as the need that the chemical potential of the product be not restricted to very low values. To satisfy these conditions, the reaction must be supported by a so-called non-specific reaction, usually implemented by the cleavage reaction of a nucleoside triphosphate. PMID- 6513568 TI - Influence of the existence of a resting state on the decay of synchronization in cell culture. AB - General relationships between the distribution of cell doubling times and the growth pattern of an initially synchronized cell population are applied to the model proposed by Smith and Martin (1973) in which the mitotic cycle or "B" phase is preceded by a random-exit resting "A" state. Results show that culture synchronization decays so rapidly as to be virtually unobservable unless the time spent by a cell in the B phase is at least equal to that spent in the A state. If synchronization persists over several mitotic cycles, the growth pattern is determined to a much greater extent by variation in the duration of the B phase than by the probability of exit from the A state. Accordingly the growth pattern of a cell population, like the doubling time distribution which governs the pattern, is of limited usefulness in detecting the existence of a resting state. PMID- 6513569 TI - On mechanical aspects of vesicular transport. AB - From the chain of events leading to secretion we have identified and isolated stages in which mechanical and physical mechanics may play important roles. These include the vesicle motion towards the cell wall, drainage of the cytoplasmic fluid from the gap between the membranes, reorganization of the membrane constituents, failure of the membrane structure and coalescence into a new configuration. We suggest a unified mechanism, relevant to the neural, secretory and vascular systems, based on physical factors as flow, pressure and stress distributions, and membranes properties. The simulation of several stages of secretion is coupled with experimental observations. By use of the proposed hypothesis it is possible to explain some observed phenomena, such as spontaneous and induced secretion, membrane failure, protein lateral dislocation and the omega-shapes in electron microscopic exposures of fusion sites. PMID- 6513570 TI - The apolar surface area of amino acids and its empirical correlation with hydrophobic free energy. AB - A linear equation is presented which accounts quantitatively for the free energy of transfer of amino acids from water to apolar solvent as a function of accessible surface area and partial charges of the constituents of amino acids. Starting from these parameters the apolar surface area is defined and correlated with the measured free transfer energy. The resulting linear correlation makes it possible to calculate more precisely the "hydrophobic" contribution of both apolar and polar groups including uncharged side chains of arginine, lysine, glutamic and aspartic acids, and histidine, respectively, to protein stabilization. PMID- 6513571 TI - Informativeness in stimulus-response modelling. AB - The concept of informativeness is introduced in the context of A.J. Clark's pioneering "concentration-action" studies, in relation to the stimulus-response function of the accepted theory of agonist/receptor reactions and their observable consequences. The dominance of so-called "null-methods" in the existing literature is noted and contrasted with an informativeness analysis in which the unknown but estimable stimulus-response function plays an explicit role. Some statistical advantages of the latter approach are emphasised. PMID- 6513572 TI - Mathematical modelling of dynamics and control in metabolic networks. I. On Michaelis-Menten kinetics. AB - As a starting point for modeling of metabolic networks this paper considers the simple Michaelis-Menten reaction mechanism. After the elimination of diffusional effects a mathematically intractable mass action kinetic model is obtained. The properties of this model are explored via scaling and linearization. The scaling is carried out such that kinetic properties, concentration parameters and external influences are clearly separated. We then try to obtain reasonable estimates for values of the dimensionless groups and examine the dynamic properties of the model over this part of the parameter space. Linear analysis is found to give excellent insight into reaction dynamics and it also gives a forum for understanding and justifying the two commonly used quasi-stationary and quasi equilibrium analyses. The first finding is that there are two separate time scales inherent in the model existing over most of the parameter space, and in particular over the regions of importance here. Full modal analysis gives a new interpretation of quasi-stationary analysis, and its extension via singular perturbation theory, and a rationalization of the quasi-equilibrium approximation. The new interpretation of the quasi-steady state assumption is that the applicability is intimately related to dynamic interactions between the concentration variables rather than the traditional notion that a quasi stationary state is reached, after a short transient period, where the rates of formation and decomposition of the enzyme intermediate are approximately equal. The modal analysis reveals that the generally used criterion for the applicability of quasi-stationary analysis that total enzyme concentration must be much less than total substrate concentration, et much less than St, is incomplete and that the criterion et much less than Km much less than St (Km is the well known Michaelis constant) is the appropriate one. The first inequality (et much less than Km) guarantees agreement over the longer time scale leading to quasi-stationary behavior or the applicability of the zeroth order outer singular perturbation solution but the second half of the criterion (Km much less than St) justifies zeroth order inner singular perturbation solution where the substrate concentration is assumed to be invariant. Furthermore linear analysis shows that when a fast mode representing the binding of substrate to the enzyme is fast it can be relaxed leading to the quasi-equilibrium assumption. The influence of the dimensionless groups is ascertained by integrating the equations numerically, and the predictions made by the linear analysis are found to be accurate.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6513573 TI - Mathematical modelling of dynamics and control in metabolic networks. II. Simple dimeric enzymes. AB - The dynamics of enzyme cooperativity are examined by studying a homotropic dimeric enzyme with identical reaction sites, both of which follow irreversible Michaelis-Menten kinetics. The problem is approached via scaling and linearization of the governing mass action kinetic equations. Homotropic interaction between the two sites are found to depend on three dimensionless groups, two for the substrate binding step and one for the chemical transformation. The interaction between the two reaction sites is shown capable of producing dynamic behavior qualitatively different from that of a simple Michaelis-Menten system; when the two sites interact to increase enzymatic activity over that of two independent monomeric enzymes (positive cooperativity) damped oscillatory behavior is possible, and for negative cooperativity in the chemical transformation step a multiplicity of steady states can occur, with one state unstable and leading to runaway behavior. Linear analysis gives significant insight into system dynamics, and their parametric sensitivity, and a way to identify regions of the parameter space where the approximate quasi-stationary and quasi-equilibrium analyses are appropriate. PMID- 6513574 TI - Cell membranes after malignant transformation. Part I: Dynamic stability at low surface tension. AB - A hydrodynamic cell model is introduced to analyze the dynamic stability of the cell membrane after malignant transformation. The cell membrane is considered as a two-dimensional charged interface between intra- and extra-cellular fluids. Employing a first order stability analysis, conditions are established under which growth of surface fluctuations can occur (leading to microvilli formation or cell division). The system is unstable if the total surface tension, i.e. the pure surface tension plus the free energy of formation of the double layers, is negative. Following that criterion, cell division is promoted in cancer cells; moreover, as cancer cells are more fluid than normal cells, they will divide more rapidly. The model also predicts that microvilli (protrusions of the cell membrane) will have a diameter of the order of the dominant wavelengths of perturbation (0.1 - 1 mu) which supports the view that such protrusions are consequences of amplified cell surface fluctuations. PMID- 6513575 TI - Subdivision of S-phase and its use for comparative purposes in cultured human cells. AB - Intranuclear DNA synthesis and concomitant chromosome duplication occur during a discrete period of the cell cycle termed S-phase. Using replication-banding and serial time sampling in asynchronous cell populations, it is possible to subdivide the S-phase into four or five chronological compartments termed "subphases". This paper discusses methods for analysing the sampling data to obtain the average duration of these subphases and the positions within S of the borders between them. Such information not only allows a more detailed analysis of the cell cycle, but also provides parameters which can be used for rigorous comparisons of cell populations from different sources and experimental conditions. Examples are given of application of the method to normal and chromosomally abnormal primary human fibroblasts and lymphocytes growing in short term in vitro culture. PMID- 6513576 TI - The organizer region and pattern regulation in amphibian embryos. AB - The cellular proportions in the dorsal-to-ventral, mesodermal sequence of pattern elements in the gastrula of certain amphibian embryos regulate with respect to embryo size. The dorsal, blastoporal lip serves as an organizer for this developmental sequence and the grafting of an additional organizer into a ventral location results in a symmetric pattern of cell types. A size-regulating, reaction-diffusion model is presented which produces positional information for development consistent with experimental observations in normal amphibian development and in the presence of an additional, ventrally-located, organizer region. PMID- 6513577 TI - The coulombic hypothesis of mitochondrial energy transduction: an attempt to quantify relationships in the energized zones. AB - From a consideration of (i) an assumed maximal respiration rate (ii) the ATP synthesis which can be obtained from mitochondria after respiratory inhibition and (iii) electrophoretic mobility data, the number of energized zones on the mitochondrial inner membrane has been assessed as 0.68 X 10(18)/g protein. For a single zone (representing one electron transport chain, three phosphorylating complexes and three fixed-charge cycles) in which all the cycles use molecular species doubly-charged in the energized form (b2-), the zone area will be 134 A2 and the specialized fixed charge concentration 4.5 X 10(-2) sigma/A2. The lifetime ("blink") of any energized form will be 24.4 ms, 5% of the cycle repeat time when a site 1 substrate is being oxidized. PMID- 6513578 TI - Translocation t(8;10)(q12;p14) in lymphoproliferative disorders. AB - Cytogenetic studies were performed in two patients with a B-cell lymphoproliferative disease in progressive phase characterized by leukocytosis and important splenomegaly. In both patients an identical chromosome marker derived from a t(8;10)(q12;p14) translocation was found. This chromosome anomaly was associated with other abnormalities characteristic for lymphoid malignancies, i.e. a structural rearrangement of the long arm of chromosome 11 and a 14q+ in both patients. This new t(8;10) translocation may be a marker of accelerated phase in lymphoid disorders. PMID- 6513579 TI - Spatial organisation of CFU-S proliferation regulators in the mouse femur. AB - CFU-S proliferation can be regulated by an inhibitor and a stimulator which are produced locally in the bone marrow. The spatial distribution of cells elaborating these factors has been studied by separating marrow, zonally, into axial, marginal and bone-associated fractions and further separating the inhibitor and stimulator producing cells from these fractions by means of density cuts in bovine serum albumin. The inhibitor- and stimulator-producing cells are found respectively in bands of density less than 1.064 g/cm3 and 1.064-1.072 g/cm2. Factors synthesised by these individual fractions were assayed for their ability to inhibit or stimulate CFU-S proliferation by thymidine suicide measurements. Axial cells contain a high concentration of inhibitor-producing cells but the marginal and bone fractions contain relatively few. Stimulator producing cells have a very sharp gradient in the opposite direction with an extremely high concentration in the vicinity of the bone surface. These distributions fit with those of CFU-S proliferation and of fibroblastoid-CFC suggesting that the inhibitor-producing cell is an integral part of the micro environment which maintains the stem cell's capacities while the stimulator producing cell may be more closely associated with the differentiation processes which take place closer to the bone surface. PMID- 6513580 TI - Hybrid acute leukemia. PMID- 6513581 TI - Decreased responsiveness to immune complexes of granulocytes from patients with acute leukemia in remission demonstrated by microcalorimetry. AB - Functional activity of granulocytes from healthy individuals and from patients with acute leukemia in remission was studied. The increase of heat production rate (metabolic activity) after stimulation of the blood cells with in vitro formed immune complexes was measured by microcalorimeters of heat conduction type. It was demonstrated that increased heat production rate after exposure to immune complexes was significantly lower (p less than 0.0005) in 9 patients with acute leukemia with a remission duration of less than 6 months than in 25 healthy volunteers. PMID- 6513582 TI - Quantitative receptor autoradiography with tritium-labeled ligands: comparison of biochemical and densitometric measurements. AB - Tritium-labeled receptor ligands are commonly used for quantitative receptor autoradiography with LKB Ultrofilm. In this study, we compared estimates of tritium concentrations by optical density measurements with direct measurements of tritium concentrations by scintillation counting. We found that predominantly grey matter regions of rat brain showed similar tritium concentrations when measured by either method, but that optical density reading of white matter regions indicated a lower tritium concentration than determined by direct measurement with scintillation counting. We also compared measurements of receptor density by quantitative autoradiography with radioligand-binding measurements on microdissected brain regions. Higher per milligram protein levels of muscarinic receptors were obtained by quantitative autoradiography, comparable to the specific activity of receptors found in purified membranes. PMID- 6513583 TI - Computer-assisted analyses of [14C]2-DG autoradiographs employing a general purpose image processing system. AB - A general purpose image processing system is described including B/W TV camera, high resolution image processor and display system (TESAK VDC 501), computer (DEC PDP 11/23), and monochrome and color monitors. Images may be acquired from a microscope equipped with a TV camera or using the TV in direct viewing; the A/D converter and the image processor provides fast (40 ms) and precise (512 X 512 data points) digitization of TV signal with a 256 gray levels maximum resolution. Computer programs have been developed in order to perform qualitative and quantitative analyses of autoradiographs obtained with the 2-DG method, which are written in FORTRAN and MACRO 11 Assembly Language. They include: (1) procedures designed to recognize errors in acquisition due to possible image shading and correct them via software; (2) routines suitable for qualitative analyses of the whole image or selected regions of it, providing the opportunity for pseudocolor coding, statistics, graphic overlays; (3) programs permitting the conversion of gray levels into metabolic rates of glucose utilization and the display of gray- or color-coded metabolic maps. PMID- 6513584 TI - A simple open-loop vibrating system for variable amplitude and frequency sinusoidal stretching of muscles. AB - A device designed to provide controlled variable amplitude and frequency sinusoidal stretching of muscles is described. The constructed vibrator included a pivoted lever with one arm fixed and the other variable, and was driven by an electric motor. The use of a powerful motor ensured that the stimulation parameters would not be significantly affected with tension changes in the muscle during contraction, which enables operating the system in an open-loop mode. This device is simple, low cost, and may be used in a variety of neurophysiologic studies with only conventional grounding, shielding, and noise suppression. PMID- 6513585 TI - Quantitation of plasma catecholamines by on-line trace enrichment high performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. AB - A sensitive and specific procedure for quantifying plasma catecholamines using on line trace enrichment high performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection (HPLC-EC) is described. Plasma catecholamines are off-line extracted using aluminum oxide and then on-line enriched on cation exchange enrichment HPLC columns and back-eluted using a potassium enriched mobile phase for further separation by ion-pair, reverse phase HPLC. The salient features of this method are (1) the on-line combination of distinct HPLC retention mechanisms for enrichment and separation of the catecholamines to yield optimal assay specificity, (2) a lower working limit of detection of 25 pg norepinephrine and epinephrine per milliliter plasma based upon an assayed plasma volume of 1 ml, (3) the generation of calibration curves using standard additions to a 'like' matrix, (4) a high daily sample throughput due to the lack of late-eluting chromatographic interferences and (5) use of an optimized aluminum oxide prepurification procedure. The advantages of this method relative to other HPLC EC assays for plasma norepinephrine and epinephrine are discussed as are the general considerations to be addressed when defining performance characteristics of an assay. PMID- 6513586 TI - Successful ventricular application of the miniaturized controlled-delivery Accurel technique for sustained enhancement of cerebrospinal fluid peptide levels in the rat. AB - A recently developed small controlled-delivery peptide device has now been further miniaturized (3.5 mm3 rod) and its action has been tested in vitro and in vivo using vasopressin (VP) as experimental substance. In vitro immersion showed a constant and lasting release of VP for weeks, as had been described for larger devices. By introducing the mini-device into the lateral ventricle of rat brain and by sampling CSF via a permanent cannula in the cisterna magna, a steadily enhanced level of VP could be attained for CSF. These increased levels persisted for one week, but most likely continue for longer periods. PMID- 6513587 TI - A black flexible support with excellent optic qualities for microdissection of nerve tissues. PMID- 6513588 TI - Quantitative computer analysis of autoradiographs utilizing a charge-coupled device solid-state camera. AB - A computerized image-processing system that employs a high resolution Datacopy Corporation charge-coupled device (CCD) camera is described. The CCD camera generates 327,680 pixels (512 horizontal axis by 640 vertical axis), eight bits per pixel (256 grey levels). The image is then processed by a Digital Graphics TKS-400 imaging computer system. The computer image corresponds to the optical density information contained in the autoradiograms. Depending on the autoradiographic information, the image can be displayed as functional maps, i.e. maps of cerebral metabolism, blood flow, neurotransmitter receptor densities, etc. This system provides quantitative computer analysis of autoradiograms in a relatively inexpensive manner. PMID- 6513589 TI - The fan-in projection method for analyzing dendrite and axon systems. AB - The fan-in projection is a computer graphical method of projecting onto a half plane the branching patterns of dendrites and axons that have already been 3 dimensionally digitized. It is suited for neurons possessing an axis of orientation (or elongation), such as cortical neurons. This axis is taken as the polar axis of a spherical coordinate system whose center is the soma. For cortical neurons, the equatorial plane corresponds to the tangential plane. Co latitude is measured with respect to the positive polar axis. Longitude is discarded. What results is a projection in which dendrites and axons appear to be growing in a half plane whose boundary is the polar axis. The projection eliminates many of the distorting effects of depth foreshortening seen in conventional projections. In so doing it helps one to visualize branching properties that would otherwise be obscure. PMID- 6513590 TI - A weighted index of bilateral brain lesions. AB - Attempts to correlate the amount of bilateral brain injury with behavioral changes can be complicated if the lesions are bilaterally unsymmetrical in volume. Further complications are introduced if unilateral lesions are ineffective in producing behavioral changes. An index, W%, is proposed which is based on the product of the volumes of the damage on the right and left sides. The index ranges from 0 to 100 such that conditions of no injury or unilateral injury produce an index of zero. In contrast, relatively large values of the index are generated by symmetrical lesions. Grossly unsymmetrical lesions, in which one side is nearly intact, produce very low index values. For lesions that are bilaterally equivalent in volume, the percentage of tissue destroyed on either side is equal to 10 square root of W%. Some properties of the proposed index are discussed. PMID- 6513591 TI - Measurement error in visually scored electrophysiological data: respiration during sleep. AB - Electrophysiological sleep studies employ the simultaneous recording of multiple physiological parameters. These data are often scored and analyzed visually, i.e. by trained human scorers. In this study, we investigated the measurement error inherent in visual evaluation of respiratory disturbances during human sleep. Three trained scorers independently evaluated twenty-eight all-night sleep recordings. Results indicated that the scorers achieved high agreement on only selected variables. Scorers' experience did not affect the reliability and independent judgements of recording quality did not account for the discrepancies. These findings, although most relevant for the specific parameters studied here, as well as for these scoring criteria, subjects, and techniques, document the unreliability of certain visually scored sleep data. The present paradigm may be useful in evaluating other types of measurement error. PMID- 6513592 TI - Improved detection of calcium-binding proteins in polyacrylamide gels. AB - We refined the method of Schibeci and Martonosi (1980a) to enhance detection of calcium-binding proteins in polyacrylamide gels using 45Ca2+. Our efforts have produced a method which is shorter, has 40-fold greater sensitivity over the previous method, and will detect 'EF hand'-containing calcium-binding proteins in polyacrylamide gels below the 0.5 microgram level. In addition, this method will detect at least one example from every described class of calcium-binding protein, including lectins and gamma-carboxyglutamic acid containing calcium binding proteins. The method should be useful for detecting calcium-binding proteins which may trigger neurotransmitter release. PMID- 6513593 TI - Digital zero is not zero. PMID- 6513594 TI - Type II alveolar epithelial cells in suspension: separation by density and velocity. PMID- 6513595 TI - Immunoglobulin classes in local immune complexes recovered by bronchoalveolar lavage in collagen vascular diseases. PMID- 6513596 TI - Changes in volume of trapped gas in chronic bronchitis and in asthma after inhalation of fenoterol. PMID- 6513597 TI - Serum magnesium in propranolol-treated patients with acute myocardial infarction. AB - A rise in free fatty acids (FFA) and a concomitant decrease in serum magnesium levels were found soon after acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in a group of 5 patients. Magnesium and FFA returned to normal levels within 3 days. No changes in serum FFA and magnesium levels were found in the postinfarction period in 5 patients who were under treatment with propranolol during the time they developed AMI. The linear model, magnesium = f(time, FFA), was investigated according to the stepwise regression-forward selection system. It was found that the magnesium level in AMI is best predicted by the FFA level (inverse correlation). In the period of 0-72 h after infarction, an inverse linear correlation was found to exist between the FFA level and the period of time after infarction. PMID- 6513598 TI - [Polymorphism of the left-handed helix (Z form) of poly(dG-dC).poly(dG-dC) induced by MgCl2, studied by infrared spectroscopy]. AB - The existence of a left-handed double-helical DNA, called Z-DNA was proved by X ray crystallographic analysis of the hexanucleotide d(CpGpCpGpCpG). The possible biological relevance of the Z conformation is enhanced by recent studies using immunostaining. Antibodies against Z-DNA have been raised and used to detect the Z conformation in polytene and mammal chromosomes. In this work we have studied the conditions necessary to generate the transition from the right-handed to the left-handed conformation of poly d(G-C).poly d(G-C) exposed to various concentrations of MgCl2 and various relative humidities. The infrared (IR) spectra were used to characterize the different conformations. Only below 0.5 Mg2+ ion per nucleotide we have observed the right-handed helix. Above 1 Mg2+ ion per nucleotide, the left-handed helix is always present under low and high relative humidity conditions. Furthermore, under low relative humidity and high salt content conditions we found a new IR spectrum which can be correlated with a polymorphic Z form, called here Z degree form. PMID- 6513599 TI - Prolonged Q-Tc interval and decreased lymphocyte magnesium in congestive heart failure. AB - Lymphocyte Mg concentration was measured in 2 patients with congestive heart failure, on long-term diuretic treatment, and was found to be lower than normal. The patients exhibited prolonged Q-Tc intervals on ECG analysis. During treatment with Mg sulfate, the Q-Tc interval normalized as the lymphocyte Mg approached control values. An Mg-sparing diuretic was added to the therapeutic regimen. PMID- 6513600 TI - What really happens to legislation: an inside story. PMID- 6513601 TI - One minute with diabetes. PMID- 6513602 TI - Sphygmomanometry: time to put the science back into the art. PMID- 6513604 TI - Child abuse: primary prevention. PMID- 6513603 TI - Osteoarthritis III: clinical features. PMID- 6513605 TI - NIH Consensus Panel Report: treatment of hypertriglyceridemia. PMID- 6513606 TI - Osteoarthritis IV: radiologic manifestations. PMID- 6513607 TI - Ageing and compositional changes of rat lens. AB - In order to elucidate chemical changes in the lenses of aged animals, carbohydrate and fatty acid compositions were studied in 36 healthy male and female Fischer 344 rats from 3 weeks to 32 months of age. Senile cataract was observed on six lenses of 12 rats aged 28-32 months. The carbohydrate content increased rapidly within 7 months of age and remained constant until 29 months. But the myoinositol content showed a maximum at 7 months of age and afterwards a decreasing trend was observed. In cataractous lenses, the myoinositol content decreased rapidly; sorbitol and fructose showed similar changes although the rates were much lower than that of myoinositol. Lens fatty acids increased steadily during the life span and the ratio of unsaturated to saturated fatty acids was maintained in a narrow range (1.20-1.30). However, the value was significantly altered in cataractous lenses. An age-dependent change was found with nervonic acid, which increased markedly from 1.8% of fatty acids at 3 weeks of age to 6.8% at 29 months. In cataractous lenses, the predominant changes noticed were a rapid decrease of arachidonic acid and a high content of nervonic acid. PMID- 6513609 TI - Glutathione content of cultured human fibroblasts during in vitro ageing. AB - The glutathione level of cultured human fibroblasts was determined with a micromodification of a spectrophotometric glutathione cycling method. There was a slight increase in reduced glutathione (GSH) content during in vitro ageing of normal human fibroblasts. Fibroblasts from patients with Werner's syndrome or ceroid lipofuscinosis (Spielmeyer-Vogt syndrome) and healthy individuals exhibited similar patterns of GSH levels during in vitro ageing. The GSH content of non-proliferating confluent cultures of normal fibroblasts and of proliferating normal fibroblasts was identical. Moreover, autofluorescent "aged" cells isolated by cell sorting did not differ in GSH content from the non autofluorescent cells in the same culture. It was concluded that the GSH content does not play a role in in vitro ageing, nor in the accumulation of autofluorescent material in human skin fibroblasts. PMID- 6513608 TI - Fatty acid metabolism in adipose tissue of aging mice after direct tracer injection into fat pads. AB - We have examined previously reported age-related defects in triglyceride synthesis from [1-14C]palmitate in adipose tissue of mice. Three techniques were used: in vitro, using adipocytes isolated from epididymal fat pads of young and old mice; and in vivo, using two new methods to measure free fatty acid (FFA) esterification by adipose tissue (direct injection of labeled palmitate-albumin complexes in large or small volumes into the extracellular spaces of the epididymal or inguinal fat pads of young and old mice). When the entire fat pad was filled with tracer we no longer observed heterogeneous labeling of adipocytes in epididymal fat pads that occurred in an earlier study in which an in vivo-in vitro method has been used. Free fatty acids were converted to triacyglycerol faster by adipocytes of large cells from older animal than by those of small cells from young mice; when the cell sizes of young and old mice were approximately equal, then the rates of FFA esterification were the same in young and old adipocytes. When FFA was injected as a small bolus the fractional rates of FFA disappearance and of FFA incorporation into triacylglycerol in the different fat pads, observed during a 60-min period, were the same (about 5 min or less) regardless of the region of the fat pad studied (distal or proximal epididymal fat pad), the type of fat pad (epididymal or inguinal), or the age of the mice (12-92 weeks). Other potential applications of the direct injection technique for studying FFA metabolism and structure-function in adipose tissue in vivo are discussed. Our findings, coupled with the earlier study in which labeled FFA was added to the outside of fat pads, indicate that, in adipose tissue of old mice, there exist barriers comprising mesothelial cells, collagenous structures, and/or the outer layer of adipocytes in fat pads, that interfere in the transport of FFA to the interior adipocytes when FFA is added outside the fat pad. This age related defect may be circumvented by injecting tracer directly into the interstitial fluid compartment. PMID- 6513610 TI - A return to time, cells, systems and aging: II. Relational and reliability theoretic approaches to the study of senescence in living systems. AB - In this paper, we approach the problem of attempting to understand senescence by understanding the complexity and hierarchical structure of mammalian organisms. To do this, we make use of some concepts from abstract relational biology; in particular, graph theory. We subsequently utilize these concepts to develop the idea of an irreplaceable element in a mammalian system. We then make use of these elements, and some concepts from reliability theory, to show how senescence processes in mammalian systems may be related to the failure of a critical number of irreplaceable elements. Finally, we show how we may derive formulas for the expected number of elements which fail by a given time, and how this time is related to actual lifespan and expected lifespan of the organism. In particular, we relate this to some recent work by Cutler on the evolution of longevity. PMID- 6513611 TI - Erythrocyte deformability in aging. AB - Blood viscosity and the deformability and other properties of erythrocytes were compared among 60-, 150-, 320- and 710-day-old rats. Blood viscosity was remarkably higher in the 320- and 710-day old rats than in those 60- and 150 days' old. Measurement by the capillary centrifugal method showed that the deformability of erythrocytes is significantly decreased with age. The increase in blood viscosity with aging could be attributed to the decrease in erythrocyte deformation. Osmotic fragility and the number of higher density erythrocytes also increase with age. The negative surface charge in erythrocytes obtained from old rats was higher than in those from younger rats. PMID- 6513612 TI - Lack of correlation between serum cholesterol levels, lymphocyte plasma membrane fluidity and mitogen responsiveness in young and aged chickens. AB - Chickens were studied in an attempt to demonstrate correlations between serum lipid levels and peripheral blood lymphocyte (PBL) plasma membrane fluidity and mitogen responsiveness: (a) in the laying hen; (b) during aging; and (c) following dietary manipulation of serum cholesterol of young and aged chickens. The membrane fluidity of PBL from laying hens was significantly greater than that of immature birds. However, no direct correlation was found between serum lipid levels, nor the serum free cholesterol/phospholipid (FC/Pl) mole composition and PBL membrane fluidity in any of the age-groups tested. Likewise, no correlation was found either between serum FC/Pl mole ratio or membrane fluidity and mitogen responsiveness of PBL from birds up to 5 years of age nor was there any evidence for a decline in mitogen responsiveness up to this age. Supplementation of diets with 1% cholesterol induced hypercholesterolemia, mainly in the very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) fraction, but membrane fluidity and mitogen responsiveness remained unaffected. PMID- 6513613 TI - Admission criteria for immunogerontological studies in man: the SENIEUR protocol. AB - Immunogerontological studies in man have often led to conflicting results. One of the main reasons is the selection of the subjects to be studied. Admission criteria such as "apparently healthy" or "without overt disease" seem insufficient to exclude underlying disease which might influence the immune system and thereby the results. In an attempt to solve this problem, the SENIEUR protocol described in this paper was developed by a working party in the framework of the EURAGE Concerted Action Programme on Ageing of the European Community. This protocol establishes strict admission criteria for immunogerontological studies in man based on clinical information and laboratory data, and it sets limits to pharmacological interference. The use of this protocol will lead to standardization between centers and also to a closer study of the influence of age as such on the immune system. These findings in the immunologically "optimally aged" can also serve as reference values for immunogerontological studies in subjects who do not meet the SENIEUR criteria. In this way the use of this protocol can contribute to the dissection of the influence of disease versus ageing on the immune system. PMID- 6513614 TI - Clonal aging in Paramecium tetraurelia. Absence of evidence for a cytoplasmic factor. AB - Cells of Paramecium tetraurelia show clonal aging with characteristics comparable to the aging seen in tissue culture cell lines. An investigation is underway to determine the relative contributions, if any, of the cytoplasm and the macronucleus to the onset of senescence. Using a microinjection protocol, the importance of the cytoplasm to aging was tested. Cytoplasm was transferred from young cells into old cells to see if the mean age of death of the injected cell lines could be increased, compared with uninjected controls and sham injected controls. Cytoplasm from old cells was transferred into young cells to see if the mean age of death of the injected cell lines could be decreased, compared with sham injected and uninjected controls. In neither case was there any statistically significant change in mean ages of death. Furthermore, no changes can be demonstrated even with a protocol which transplanted 3 times the normal cytoplasmic volume. Thus, a cytoplasmic effect upon vegetative aging in P. tetraurelia cannot be demonstrated. Tests of a macronuclear influence are now underway. PMID- 6513615 TI - Structural comparisons of fibronectins isolated from early and late passage cells. AB - Fibronectins isolated from culture media conditioned by the growth of early (young) and late (old) passage human fibroblasts were compared by affinity chromatography and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The results indicated that fibronectins from young and old cells were similar, but not identical. The fibronectin synthesized by old cells migrated more slowly on NaDodSO4 polyacrylamide gels in the presence of reducing agent than did fibronectin from young cells. The apparent molecular weight difference for purified fibronectins compared on gradient gels was estimated to be 5-10 000 daltons. The molecular weight difference was also evident in unpurified fibronectins in whole conditioned media. Both young and old fibronectins formed disulfide bonded dimers in the absence of reducing agents indicating that the molecular weight difference was not generated by proteolytic cleavage at the C-terminus of the molecule. Further, both fibronectins were bound by heparin-Sepharose, thiol-activated Sepharose, and gelatin-Sepharose resins. Comparison of peptide maps, generated by limited proteolytic digestion revealed several differences. In particular, a polypeptide of molecular weight approx. 160 000 was larger in old cell fibronectin than in young cell fibronectin. This polypeptide had heparin binding activity, but lacked affinity for gelatin. PMID- 6513616 TI - Effects of prolonged guanidinoethanesulphonate administration on taurine and other amino acids in rat tissues. AB - In order to deplete tissue taurine, 2-guanidinoethanesulphonate, a structural analogue of taurine was administered in drinking water with taurine-free diet to adult rats for four weeks. As a consequence the taurine concentrations in the blood serum, liver, kidney, spleen, intestine, lung, heart, muscle and cerebellum fell by nearly one half. Threonine, serine, glycine, alanine, methionine, tyrosine, lysine and histidine concentrations increased in blood plasma. Similar changes were also discernible in the heart and muscle. In the kidney and the lung the concentrations of several other amino acids fell as well, though increments occurred in the threonine content in the kidney and in threonine, serine and methionine contents in the lung. Taurine was practically the only amino acid the level of which fell in the liver, spleen, intestine and cerebellum. These findings indicate that 2-guanidinoethanesulphonate combined with taurine-free diet effectively lowers tissue taurine levels, but its action is not specific to taurine. It may be used as a tool to elucidate the physiological functions of taurine in the body. PMID- 6513617 TI - Primary cultures of enzyme-isolated cells from normal and atherosclerotic human aorta. AB - A technique has been developed for isolating cells from the intimal and medial layers of the human aorta by enzymatic dispersion. After mechanical separation of intima, media and adventitia the intima and the media were dispersed by collagenase and elastase. Enzyme-isolated cells seeded in the culture with at a frequency of 30 to 50%. In the primary culture differentiated aortic cells were morphologically heterogenous. It was possible to define four main types of cells according to their shape: polygonal, elongated, asymmetrical and stellate. Polygonal and stellate cells are found only in cultures of grossly normal intima, whereas elongated and asymmetric cells are found in practically all cultures. The ratio of elongated to asymmetric cells in cultures obtained from healthy aorta and atherosclerotic plaque is more or less the same at approximately 3:1. In cultures of fatty streaks the proportion of asymmetric cells exceeds 50%. Using immunofluorescence, all four types of cell were identified as smooth muscle cells. The possible reasons for the cellular polymorphism in primary culture and the prospects of utilizing this culture for the study of cellular aspects of atherosclerosis' pathogenesis are discussed. PMID- 6513618 TI - The potential use of automatic defibrillators in the home for management of cardiac arrest. AB - Ventricular fibrillation, an abnormal cardiac rhythm, occurs in at least two thirds of the 400,000 people who die out of the hospital from sudden cardiac arrest. This rhythm can be treated successfully by electric countershock, a procedure known as defibrillation. The survival rate following such cardiac arrest is directly related to the rapidity of response; the shorter the time from collapse to defibrillation, the more patients will survive. There are two basic options to shorten the time from collapse to defibrillatory shock. The first is to upgrade the emergency medical system. The second is to provide spouses and family members of potential cardiac arrest patients with automatic home defibrillators. This article considers the effectiveness of the second option, home defibrillation, compared with that of an equally costly upgrade in existing emergency medical service systems. The comparisons depend on the existing level of emergency medical service system, the cost of the home defibrillator, and the rate at which a home defibrillator would be used appropriately. The comparisons suggest that in many circumstances home defibrillation is an appropriate option to be considered. PMID- 6513619 TI - Choosing the correct unit of analysis in Medical Care experiments. AB - The statistical methodology of health research experiments published in Lancet, the New England Journal of Medicine, and Medical Care between 1975 and 1980 for the presence or absence of an error of experimental design and analysis was examined. The error is the result of inappropriately using patient-related observations as the unit of analysis to form conclusions about provider behavior or outcomes determined jointly by patients and providers. The error was present in 20 of 28 (71%) health care experiments addressing an issue of health provider professional performance. Its usual effect is to increase erroneously the power of an experiment to detect differences between experimental and control groups. It is likely that this type of error could be avoided by the explicit and prospective definition of hypotheses and the populations to which they are intended to pertain. PMID- 6513620 TI - Physician involvement in quality assurance. AB - Effective physician involvement in quality assurance in hospitals is necessary both to identify problems in patient care and to bring about problem resolution. This report describes a controlled, longitudinal study designed to measure effects on physician performance of involving physicians in setting medical audit criteria, reviewing audit results, and receiving concurrent reminders on a case by-case basis. Unexpected low hemoglobin levels was the topic for audit. During phase 1 of the study, three randomly composed physician groups were involved in criteria setting plus review of audit results, review of audit results alone, or no treatment. During phase 2, 6 months later, the physicians in all three groups were exposed to 4 months of concurrent reminders. During phase 1, the group involved in review of audit results only achieved 51% compliance with the preset criteria compared with 26% for the group involved in criteria setting and review of audit results (P = 0.002). During phase 2, when concurrent reminders were provided, the group that was formerly the control group in phase 1, achieved 77% compliance as compared with 56% for the group previously involved in criteria setting and review of audit results (P = 0.004). These findings challenge the common assumption that physicians should be involved in criteria setting. They also suggest that providing the individual physician with information concurrently on a case-by-case basis may be superior to reviewing audit results for changing physician behavior. PMID- 6513621 TI - [Prevention of peritonitis in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. Comparative study of 2 different protocols of training and bag changing]. PMID- 6513622 TI - [Detection and control of arterial hypertension in a rural environment]. PMID- 6513623 TI - [Acquired refractory anemia and neoplasms. Study of 11 cases]. PMID- 6513624 TI - [Medicine and mountains]. PMID- 6513625 TI - [Recurrent nodular panniculitis. Weber-Christian disease]. PMID- 6513626 TI - [32-year-old male with abdominal pain, subcutaneous inflammation in the left inguinal region and acute ischemia of the left hand]. PMID- 6513627 TI - [Multiple hepatic cysts]. PMID- 6513628 TI - [Ticlopidine in the prevention of recurrent cerebral ischemic accidents]. PMID- 6513629 TI - [Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in a drug addict with Kaposi's sarcoma and chronic hepatitis B]. PMID- 6513631 TI - [New histopathologic methodology in the classification of tumors of unknown origin]. PMID- 6513630 TI - [Medical treatment of chronic subdural hematoma]. PMID- 6513632 TI - [Metabolic control of diabetes mellitus. Its relation to diabetic retinopathy]. PMID- 6513633 TI - [Behcet's syndrome. Subtypes and familial form]. PMID- 6513634 TI - [Behcet's disease]. PMID- 6513635 TI - [Heterogeneousness of panarteritis nodosa]. PMID- 6513636 TI - [Prostatic vasculitis, an unusual beginning for panarteritis nodosa]. PMID- 6513637 TI - [Serologic diagnosis of typhoid fever]. PMID- 6513638 TI - [Elective drugs in Mediterranean boutonneuse fever]. PMID- 6513639 TI - [Deficit of complement factors associated with giant cell arteritis]. PMID- 6513640 TI - [Transient diabetes insipidus. Exceptional complication of meningococcic meningitis]. PMID- 6513642 TI - [Hyperbaric oxygenotherapy in the treatment of multiple sclerosis]. PMID- 6513641 TI - [Polymyositis and pulmonary carcinoma]. PMID- 6513643 TI - [Severe infections in addicts to heroin administered intravenously]. PMID- 6513644 TI - [Cerebral metastasis as the first manifestation of an adenocarcinoma of the colon]. PMID- 6513645 TI - [Sexual behavior after diagnosis and treatment of cancer of the testicle]. PMID- 6513646 TI - [Beta-adrenergic blockers and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in healthy individuals and patients with arterial hypertension]. PMID- 6513647 TI - [Early diagnosis of pleuroperitoneal tuberculosis by the determination of adenosine deaminase]. PMID- 6513648 TI - [Immunotherapy in bronchial asthma: reality or fiction]. PMID- 6513649 TI - [Spontaneous retroperitoneal hemorrhage and anticoagulant treatment: presentation of 4 cases and review of the literature]. PMID- 6513650 TI - [Amebic abscess of the liver]. PMID- 6513651 TI - [Refractory anemia with partial myeloblastosis]. PMID- 6513652 TI - [Renal lithiasis medicamentosa]. PMID- 6513653 TI - [Cutaneous eruption in Still's disease of the adult]. PMID- 6513654 TI - [Typhoid fever and polyarthritis]. PMID- 6513655 TI - [Meningococcal meningitis in adults. Study of 45 cases]. PMID- 6513656 TI - [Pseudomigraine with inflammatory cerebrospinal fluid: a benign syndrome]. PMID- 6513657 TI - [Usefulness of xipamide alone or associated with a beta blocker in the treatment of idiopathic arterial hypertension]. PMID- 6513658 TI - [Mental dysesthesia]. PMID- 6513659 TI - [Mental neuropathy as a manifestation of systemic cancer. Description of a case]. PMID- 6513660 TI - [Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in a patient with acquired immune deficiency syndrome]. PMID- 6513661 TI - [Physiotherapy in severe respiratory insufficiency]. PMID- 6513662 TI - [Sternal arthritis caused by Streptococcus viridans in a heroin addict]. PMID- 6513663 TI - [Usefulness of computerized tomography for the detection of asymptomatic adrenal gland metastasis]. PMID- 6513664 TI - [Esophagitis caused by diazepam]. PMID- 6513665 TI - [Subdural tension pneumocephalus]. PMID- 6513666 TI - [Pulmonary disease caused by atypical mycobacteria]. PMID- 6513668 TI - Symposium on radiology. PMID- 6513667 TI - [Antibodies against hepatitis B virus in chronic non-alcoholic HBsAG negative hepatopathies]. PMID- 6513669 TI - [Endogenous metabolism and production of extracellular proteins in Staphylococcus aureus]. PMID- 6513670 TI - [Antibodies in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with mumps meningitis]. PMID- 6513671 TI - Compliance: one of the most important correlations in clinical pharmacology. PMID- 6513672 TI - From empirical structure modifications to QSAR. AB - The development of man's search for drugs from prehistoric times to the utilization of computerized Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationships is outlined in brief historical fashion. The development of the Hansch concept and the use of multiple regression analysis and the partition coefficient parameter are described in detail along with select examples of the use of the Hansch equation. Additional methods such as the Free-Wilson de novo method, as well as those ranging from the non-computerized methods of Topliss and Darvas to quite sophisticated interactive computer graphics, are presented in review. PMID- 6513673 TI - Quantitative structure-pharmacokinetics relationships and their importance in drug design, possibilities and limitations. PMID- 6513674 TI - Investigation on structure-activity relationship in organic nitrates. PMID- 6513675 TI - Moment analysis in vivo and in vitro. AB - Moments are quantities that can be calculated either directly from empiric observations or from model equations that describe observed time-dependent events. The analysis of empirically obtained moments provides insight into the mean duration and into the time profile of the underlying processes. The rules of their assessment and analysis are the same for pharmacokinetic and for pharmaceutical observations. Examples are given that show the power of moment analysis in pharmacokinetic experiments in vivo and in pharmaceutical dissolution testing in vitro. The method can be used for evaluation of in vivo/in vitro correlations in biopharmaceutics. PMID- 6513676 TI - Practical application of the concept of mean times in biopharmaceutics. AB - The "concept of mean times" (1) in combination with the "method of moments" (3, 4) provides a practical basis for handling biopharmaceutical problems. This holds for in vitro, in vitro/in vivo and in vivo situations. Using several examples, it was demonstrated that questions concerning the comparability of in vitro dissolution models and their in vivo relevance can be answered, and that the rate of bioavailability can be evaluated exactly. PMID- 6513677 TI - [Propagation of errors in the calculation of moments]. PMID- 6513678 TI - In vivo-in vitro correlations with sustained-release theophylline preparations. AB - The in vitro dissolution of four commercially available sustained-release theophylline products was studied. The dissolution of theophylline was evaluated under four conditions: USP-method I or Resotest apparatus, and artificial gastric (pH 3) or artificial intestinal (pH) fluids. The resulting data were evaluated by graphic, first-order transform, dissolution efficiency, non-linear fitting, mean time of dissolution and Weibull analysis methods. The four theophylline preparations and a peroral solution were administered to four male beagle dogs in a cross-over fashion. Parameters were obtained from graphed concentration vs. time data, a one-compartment open model fit, Wagner-Nelson absorption plots, ratios of half values of duration and maximum concentrations, mean times of absorption and analog computer evaluation. Correlations were made between all possible combinations of in vitro and in vivo data by quadrant analysis, Pearson product moment, r, and Spearman rank order correlation methods. A total of 8280 correlation coefficients were calculated. The optimal set of studied conditions for in vivo-in vitro correlations with sustained-release theophylline preparations is the time to reach maximum concentration in the blood (from the fitted data) vs. the time for 15% of the drug to be released into solution from the dosage form (from graphed data) using either the USP I apparatus or the Resotest. PMID- 6513679 TI - Correlations between transmural gastric potential difference and a well-known mathematical model. AB - After administration of several gastric irritants, time curves of the transmural gastric potential difference (GPD) were obtained. An attempt was made at fitting a mathematical function to these curves in order to facilitate and improve their evaluation. The Bateman function proved to be a useful description tool. In pharmacokinetics, this function is used amongst others for describing concentration profiles. For a total of 74 GPD curves, biexponential functions were fitted by the RIP-technique. The following irritants were administered: acetylsalicylic acid (ASA; 1000 mg, 500 mg, 250 mg), theophylline (480 mg, 350 mg), indomethacine (50 mg), and ethanol (20 ml, 40 v/v). The following results were obtained: The Bateman function is suitable for describing the observed biphasic time course of gastric potential difference, which includes lesion and restitution ("two compartment model"); correlation was high (r = 0.9). The curve parameters computed by this technique--area AUB, mean time, mean drop--are comparable to those obtained by pragmatic procedures (trapezoid rule). In particular, there is a distinct dosage-response relation between parameters correlated to irritating potency and the administered dose of ASA. Due to considerable interindividual variation of the parameters, ultimate assessment of their relationships to specific irritants could not be done. PMID- 6513680 TI - Pharmacokinetic studies with silymarin in human serum and bile. AB - Six subjects were given orally 560 mg of silymarin (silibinin 240 mg = 8 Legalon 70 dragees). The serum concentration curves and urinary excretion of silibinin, the principal constituent of silymarin, were measured. The maximum serum concentrations were low, ranging from 0.18 to 0.62 microgram/ml. The same was true of renal excretion, which amounted to only 1-2% of the silibinin dose over 24 hours. However, after giving 140 mg of silymarin (silibinin: 60 mg) to patients who had undergone cholecystectomy, bile collected from the T-tube drains was found to contain maximum silibinin concentrations of between 11 and 47 micrograms/ml. Though the dose was four times lower than in the previous experiments, these concentrations were approximately 100 times higher than in the serum. Because complete collection of bile from these patients was impossible and because it was not possible to collect individual samples in the time interval from 12-24 h, the conventional pharmacokinetic parameters required for bioavailability studies could not be calculated. However, computation of the value for AUC0-24 and for "mean time" (MT) provided data which enabled bioavailability comparisons to be made. A study in which the absorption of Legalon 35 and Legalon 70 dragees was compared provides an example for such bioavailability investigations in the bile. PMID- 6513681 TI - Andrographolide and kalmegh (Andrographis paniculata) extract: in vivo and in vitro effect on hepatic lipid peroxidation. AB - Single or repeated (for 15 consecutive days) oral administration of kalmegh leaf extract (500 mg/kg) or its bitter principle, andrographolide (5 mg/kg), to adult male albino rats (b.wt. 125-150 g) produced no significant change in NADPH induced hepatic microsomal lipid peroxidation. Carbontetrachloride (5 ml/kg) induced hepatic microsomal lipid peroxidation was decreased when the rats were pretreated (for 4 hr), but only with a single dose and not with long term administration of kalmegh or andrographolide. In vitro carbontetrachloride (1 microliter) induced hepatic microsomal lipid peroxidation was completely normalized by kalmegh leaf extract (0.5 and 5.0 micrograms/mg protein) or andrographolide (0.5 and 5.0 micrograms/mg protein). At the higher concentration of carbontetrachloride (2 microliter), hepatic microsomal lipid peroxidation remained significantly increased (25 %) in the presence of andrographolide (0.5 microgram/mg protein), but not in the presence of kalmegh extract (0.5 microgram/protein). These results suggest that kalmegh leaf extract has more protective action on carbontetrachloride-induced hepatic toxicity than its bitter principle, andrographolide. PMID- 6513682 TI - Extracellular potassium concentration; perhexiline and SKF-525A on the action of ouabain in isolated self-beating rat auricles. AB - The influences of different extracellular K+ concentrations and of blockers of potassium and calcium movements through cell membranes (perhexiline and SKF-525A) on the effects of ouabain on self beating isolated rat atria, both "non toxic" (positive inotropism without changes in contractile frequency or resting tension) and "toxic" (positive chronotropism, negative inotropism, contracture, arrhythmia), were explored. Decreasing extracellular K+ from 6 to 3 mM potentiated both the positive inotropic influences as well as the "toxic" effect of ouabain, whereas, increasing K+ from 6 to 8 mM delayed but potentiated the onset of the "non toxic" influences of the drug and abolished its "toxic" responses. Perhexiline and SKF-525A, sensitized the tissue to the "non toxic" effects of the glycoside, attenuated contracture but increased the positive chronotropic action. The aforementioned results suggest that factors which modify potassium environment (i.e., variable extracellular potassium concentration and ion-flux blocking agents) resulted in significant modification of the effect of ouabain on isolated rat myocardium. PMID- 6513683 TI - Experimental model of chronic pancreatic fistula in dogs. AB - The authors performed a chronic pancreatic fistula in the dog by a modified method of Herrera et al. in which one of the arms of a metal cannula is introduced into the stomach instead of the duodenum. This technique protects the duodenum, the main source of hormones acting on the pancreas in the digestive tract, from surgical trauma and its consequences. The duodenum is anastomosed end to-end and the continuity of the digestive tract is restored. The model can next be used to study the action of drugs on the exocrine function of the pancreas. PMID- 6513684 TI - [Extracranial arterial aneurysm in children--4 case reports]. PMID- 6513685 TI - [Clinical views on the diagnoses of Alzheimer's disease and multi-infarct dementia]. PMID- 6513686 TI - [Chlamydia infections in a clinic for adolescents in Stockholm]. PMID- 6513687 TI - [5 case reports: Hypophyseal apoplexy--a noteworthy problem of differential diagnosis]. PMID- 6513688 TI - [Red mosquito larvae triggered IGE-mediated allergy in aquarium owners]. PMID- 6513689 TI - [Fertility research and its limitations]. PMID- 6513690 TI - [The time factor in acute myocardial infarction]. PMID- 6513691 TI - [Heart rupture in myocardial infarction]. PMID- 6513692 TI - [Severe factor V deficiency--an unusual cause of spontaneous prolonged APT-time]. PMID- 6513693 TI - [Regular exposure to plasticizers can have a harmful effect on health]. PMID- 6513694 TI - [Neuropeptides in health and disease]. PMID- 6513695 TI - [Hip surgery in Gothenburg up to 1990. Orthopedic surgery resources are needed for the treatment of fractures and arthrosis/arthritis]. PMID- 6513696 TI - [Trends in incidence and prognosis 1963-2010: Alcohol misuse as a cause of the increase in hip fractures in Stockholm]. PMID- 6513697 TI - [Adverse effects of Lobac are reported. Inform patients about the paracetamol component]. PMID- 6513698 TI - [The pattern of adverse effects of Voltaren after 3 years' use]. PMID- 6513699 TI - [Hyperthermia in oncology]. PMID- 6513700 TI - [Principles and results of narrow rectum continence resection in cancer]. AB - The special anatomy of the "Rectum-Grenzlamellen" is the reason for justification to carry out a curative sphincter-preserving resection in carefully selected cases. In a small segment just above the pelvic floor muscles there are not any lymphnodes, when the lateral ligaments are divided and the rectum is thoroughly mobilized from the sacral concavity and stretched. The length of rectum below the tumor measured on fixed pinned-out pathologic specimens was about 2 cm. The local recurrences were 6% of 196 cases. The 5-year survival rate of this low restorative resection at St. Marks Hospital was excellent. These results suggest that a margin about 2 cm below a rectal carcinoma does not affect survival or local recurrence adversely. PMID- 6513702 TI - [Papillary thyroid cancer--prognosis and prognostic factors]. AB - 90 papillary thyroid carcinomas (operated on between 1952 and 1977) were retrospectively analysed. The median follow-up is 5.29 years (range 0.08-29.42 years). After the primary operation only 68.9% of all patients may be classified as "tumor free". The lethality rate from thyroid cancer is 28.9%, the cumulative survival rates at 10 and 20 years are 50.92% and 32.06%, respectively. Thus survival is not significantly different from the one of our follicular carcinomas. The whole material was characterized thoroughly by clinical and morphological parameters. The simultaneous examination of the variables as to their prognostic relevance was performed by means of a log-logistic regression model for survival data. Age, extension of primary tumor, vascular invasion and presence of colloid determined prognosis. For the histopathological practice a differentiation between vascular and lymphatic invasion is demanded. PMID- 6513703 TI - [Chronic pancreatitis--when is a drainage operation worthwhile?]. PMID- 6513701 TI - [Diagnosis and therapy of bile duct cysts in adults]. AB - Today the main problem of bile duct cysts is based on their optimal therapy. Conservative approaches only are fit for single selected cases because of the complications and lethality rate inherent to these methods. The usual operative treatment with internal derivation of the cyst by diversion to an intestinal loop does not take account the nowadays well documented risk of development of cancer in the cyst's tissue, mainly in the adult patient. The modern classification according to Todani et al. [14] offers the possibility for a selective approach with regard to the local anatomic-pathological relations found in the intrahepatic as well as in the extrahepatic biliary tree in such patients. The problems of the clinical picture, diagnosis and therapy are discussed on the basis of 6 cases seen at our centre. PMID- 6513704 TI - [Remission of recently-appearing insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: value of continuous infusion of insulin]. PMID- 6513705 TI - [Traumatic aneurysm of the middle meningeal artery. A case]. PMID- 6513706 TI - [Kaposi's sarcoma]. PMID- 6513707 TI - [Hypercalcemia and thyrotoxicosis. Therapeutic problems]. PMID- 6513708 TI - [Boxing. 2]. PMID- 6513709 TI - [Pulmonary contusions: 49 cases]. PMID- 6513711 TI - [Renal dysfunction in acute hypercalcemia. Apropos of 40 cases]. PMID- 6513712 TI - [The respiratory system: anti-infectious strategy in 1984]. PMID- 6513710 TI - [A case of a voluminous hydatid cyst]. PMID- 6513713 TI - [Primary malignant melanoma of the esophagus]. AB - Two case reports are given of patients suffering from malignant melanoma of the esophagus, which occurs very rarely. In both patients the leading clinical symptom was dysphagia. Diagnosis was confirmed by endoscopy and biopsy, and surgery was done. One patient died within 3 weeks from pneumonia, the second patient is alive 3 months after resection of the tumor and is free of symptoms. PMID- 6513714 TI - [Varied importance of endoscopic polypectomy as prevention of cancer in the stomach and colon]. AB - 15,300 endoscopies of the upper and lower gastrointestinal tract were done during the years 1974-1982. During this time 915 polyps were excised. 3.2% of the polyps excised from the stomach, as contrasted to 64.8% of the ones taken from the colorectal part of the gastrointestinal tract were classified as precancerous lesions. These results show, that endoscopic polypectomy is a very efficient procedure in regard to prophylaxis of colon carcinoma, however almost without significance in this regard for prophylaxis of gastric carcinoma. PMID- 6513715 TI - [Enteral protein loss in regional enteritis of the terminal ileum: treatment by segmental resection of the small intestine]. AB - A case report is given of a 37 year old patient who suffered from excessive intestinal protein losses caused by inflammatory changes of the terminal ileum. Conservative treatment improved neither hypoproteinemia nor weight loss. Finally surgical removal of the afflicted intestinal segment did lead to healing. This rare indication for surgical removal of an intestinal segment is discussed on the basis of literature reviewed. PMID- 6513716 TI - [Late development of colonic neoplasms after uretero-sigmoidostomy]. AB - A case report is given of a patient who developed adenocarcinoma of the colon 20 years after ureterosigmoidostomy, which had been done because of exstrophy of the bladder. A review of the literature is given covering 42 cases showing development of tumors after ureterosigmoidostomy. Possible causal mechanisms are discussed. A careful follow-up of patients with ureterosigmoidostomy is warranted, since malignant disease of the colon may occur as a late complication. PMID- 6513717 TI - [New technics]. PMID- 6513718 TI - [Cytologic diagnosis of the upper gastrointestinal tract]. AB - Three examples are given of new developments in applying cytological procedures in the diagnosis of gastro-intestinal tract disease. At first chinese results in early diagnosis of esophageal carcinoma are described. Then cytological diagnosis of pathological changes in the region of the Vater's ampulla are discussed. Finally trends of quantitative cytology are elaborated upon. We had the opportunity to examine cytological preparations from China, which had been collected in different regions with particularly high or low incidence of esophageal carcinoma. Preparations from regions with high incidence of carcinoma showed a sequence of lesions of esophageal cells starting from chronic esophagitis going over squamous cell hyperplasia and dysplasia of moderate and severe degree leading up to typical cancer cells. Cytological examination of cells collected in the region of Vater's ampulla by brushing technique may yield results demonstrating the presence of benign or malignant tumors. Cytological examinations of pancreatic juice collected after secretin stimulation may give hints in regard to the presence of pancreatitis or pancreatic carcinoma, and examination of bile collected endoscopically from the choledochus may allow diagnosis of cholangitis or primary bile duct tumors. Our own experiments in using quantitative gastroenterological cytodiagnostic procedures are described. They are based on single cell and continuous flow cytofluorometry of DNA in material collected during endoscopy by brushing technics from the stomach. The same material was examined with monochromatic UV microscopy, which allows electronic analysis with high resolving in power of absorption patterns of undyed cell nuclei. PMID- 6513719 TI - [Progress on the way to an "artificial liver"]. AB - Recently lipophilic fluid membrane hollow fiber modules have been developed, which allow continuous extracorporal enzymatic detoxification by elimination of endogenous toxins out of the blood in vivo without loss of enzymatic activity and without immunological risks. The clearance for phenol glucuronisation is 6.8 nMol/min/mg enzyme protein/cm2 hollow fiber surface the hydroxylation rate for dodecanic acid using the cytochrome - P-450 system is 0.5 nMol/nMol P450/min/cm2 hollow fiber surface. Detoxification procedures using methyl, sulfat and glutathion transferase are still in an experimental phase. This new enzyme fluid membrane technology in conjunction with modified established techniques like aminoacid dialysis and plasma exchange will make possible the development of partial extracorporal substitution of liver function in the near future. PMID- 6513720 TI - [Zinc and vitamin A deficiency in gastrointestinal diseases]. AB - It has been established rather surely that patients with chronic liver disease, Crohn's disease, chronic pancreatis and celiac disease are deficient in zinc and vitamin A. A large number of clinical symptoms can be caused by these deficiencies, due to the fact that these compounds have numerous functions. Zinc deficiency in liver cirrhosis is probably caused by portosystemic shunting, whereas in Crohn's disease abnormalities of protein metabolism are suggested as etiologic factor. Vitamin A deficiency can be considered as a consequence of disturbed zinc metabolism. Some studies in appropriate patients receiving substitution therapy with zinc and/or vitamin A had positive results. However, the necessity of substitution in the diseases mentioned has not yet been conclusively demonstrated. PMID- 6513721 TI - Solubilization and characterization of muscarinic receptors from bovine brain. AB - This study compared the capacity of different detergents to solubilize the muscarinic cholinergic receptor (mAChR) from bovine brain, evaluated various procedures for the measurement of [3H]-L-quinuclidinyl benzilate [( 3H]-L-QNB) binding to solubilized receptors, and examined some physical and chemical characteristics of the soluble material. An active form of the mAChR was solubilized using digitonin (1%), Triton X-100 (0.5%), and a digitonin-cholate mixture (1%, 0.1%). Values of maximal binding (Bmax) were 2.01, 0.47, and 0.68 pmoles/mg protein, respectively. Comparison of equilibrium dialysis, charcoal adsorption, and polyethylene glycol precipitation indicated that these methods differ in their estimation of Bmax. A decrease in [3H]-L-QNB binding to digitonin solubilized receptors occurred upon dilution or incubation at 37 degrees. The half-life at 37 degrees C was 25 min., but was increased by glycerol. Antagonist binding to digitonin solubilized receptors was saturable and of high affinity. Agonist binding had Hill coefficients less than 1 and was increased by micromolar concentrations of cupric ions. PMID- 6513722 TI - Intestinal transport of manganese from human milk, bovine milk and infant formula in rats. AB - The transport of manganese from extrinsically labeled human milk, bovine milk and infant formula was studied by the everted intestinal sac method. Tissue/mucosal flux data indicated that transport of manganese into the intestinal tissue was significantly greater with bovine milk and formula than from human milk. Similarly, the total flux of manganese from the mucosal to serosal surface was less when human milk was used. Smaller molecular weight manganese binding ligands isolated from the milk samples enhanced the mucosal to tissue movement of manganese as contrasted to the higher molecular weight manganese binding ligands. Most significantly the data suggest that the transport and uptake of manganese is less in the presence of human milk and its isolated manganese fractions than it is in bovine milk or infant formula. PMID- 6513723 TI - Prevention of stress-induced gastric ulcers by dopamine agonists in the rat. AB - Dopamine (DA) and DA agonists have been shown to exert a protective role against the formation of duodenal ulcers. The effect of stimulation of DA receptors on the development of stress-induced gastric ulcers is currently unknown. Accordingly, we evaluated the effect of several DA agonists on the development of gastric ulcers induced by 3 h of cold + restraint stress (CRS) in rats. Apomorphine, d-amphetamine, methylphenidate, and threo-dl-p hydroxymethylphenidate (an hydroxylated analog of methylphenidate), significantly reduced both the incidence and severity of CRS-induced gastric ulcers. The gastric cytoprotection afforded by these agents was dose-related, and completely antagonized by pretreatment with the peripherally acting DA antagonist domperidone. Because domperidone blocks peripheral, but not central, DA receptors, and since the entry of threo-dl-p-hydroxymethylphenidate across the blood-brain barrier into the brain is restricted to a great extent, we conclude that stimulation of peripheral DA receptors is primarily involved in the gastric cytoprotection induced by dopamimetics. PMID- 6513724 TI - M&B 28,767: a potent anti-secretory and anti-ulcer PG analogue. A comparative study with 16, 16' dimethyl PGE2 methylester. AB - M&B 28,767 [(+/-)11-deoxy-16-phenoxy-omega-tetranor PGE1] and 16, 16'-dimethyl PGE2 methylester (DMPG) were compared for their effects on gastric acid secretion (GAS) and gastric ulceration (GU), employing various laboratory models. In anaesthetised rats, GAS was stimulated by a continuous i.v. infusion of pentagastrin (30 micrograms/kg/h), and PG analogues were perfused through the stomach for 1 h. M&B 28,767 (3-15 micrograms/kg/h) and DMPG (3-60 micrograms/kg/h) reduced GAS in a dose-related manner, the ED50 values being 4 and 15 micrograms/kg/h respectively. In conscious rats possessing indwelling gastric cannulae, oral doses of M&B 28,767 (0.025-0.1 microgram/kg) and DMPG (0.50-1.0 microgram/kg) caused a prolonged inhibition of pentagastrin-stimulated GAS. M&B 28,767 was 17 times more potent than DMPG; the respective ED50 values were 0.036 and 0.6 microgram/kg. Indomethacin-induced ulceration in rats, was reduced by both M&B 28,767 and DMPG; the respective ED50 values being 3.0 and 0.8 micrograms/kg. Both compounds given orally increased gastrointestinal motility in mice; M&B 28,767 (1-3 mg/kg) and DMPG (0.1-0.3 mg/kg) caused diarrhoea, the former being about 0.1 times as potent as the latter. In another test, M&B 28,767 (0.5-5.0 mg/kg) and DMPG (10-40 micrograms/kg) overcame morphine-induced constipation in a dose-related manner, the respective ED50s being 0.9-1.4 mg/kg and 20-40 micrograms/kg. Thus, M&B 28,767 had a better profile of activity than DMPG as an antisecretory and antiulcer agent. PMID- 6513725 TI - Evidence for 5-HT2 involvement in the mechanism of action of hallucinogenic agents. AB - The affinities (Ki values) of twenty two psycho-active agents, including LSD, 5 OMe DMT and a series of phenalkylamine derivatives, for cortical 5-HT1 and 5-HT2 binding sites were compared with two measures of behavioral activity. It was found that a significant correlation (r = 0.938) exists between the 5-HT2 binding affinities of these agents and their ED50 values as determined in tests of stimulus generalization using 1-(2,5-dimethoxy-4-methylphenyl)-2-aminopropane (DOM) as the training drug. Furthermore, for fifteen of these agents where human data were available, a significant correlation (r = 0.924) also exists between 5 HT2 binding affinities and their human hallucinogenic potencies. The results of this study suggest that the mechanism of action of these agents involves 5-HT2 related events. PMID- 6513727 TI - Demonstration of N-acetyldopamine in human kidney and urine. AB - Free and conjugated dopamine and N-acetyldopamine concentrations were measured in human urine and kidneys by reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography with single-electrode electrochemical detection. Conjugated N-acetyldopamine was found to occur in urine from six normal humans and in four out of six human kidneys. Unconjugated N-acetyldopamine was detected in only one urine sample and in three of seven kidneys. Urinary excretion of total N-acetyldopamine averaged 0.485 micromoles/day in the same subjects. In the kidneys, total N-acetyldopamine concentration averaged 1.46 nanomoles/gram. N-Acetyldopamine was not detected in human caudate nucleus, mouse whole brain, or liver from Rhesus monkey. When daily urinary excretion rates of N-acetyldopamine were determined in six individuals by both single- and dual-electrode electrochemical detection, the results were highly correlated for both free and total N-acetyldopamine (r greater than 0.97, p less than 0.001). Using dual-electrode electrochemical detection, conjugated N acetyldopamine accounted for 96.4% of the total N-acetyldopamine excretion. This value was 95.8% in the same individuals using single-electrode detection. PMID- 6513726 TI - Effects of glucagon, Arg-vasopressin, and angiotensin II on rat hepatic zinc thionein levels. AB - Rat hepatic zinc thionein levels can be modulated by a variety of external and internal stimuli. Metals, such as zinc or copper, induce levels 20 to 50 fold over controls. Catecholamines can increase levels 10 to 20 fold, while glucocorticoids, such as dexamethasone, can increase levels modestly by 2-6 fold. We have investigated the ability of additional hormones, which have receptors on hepatocytes, to modulate the levels of hepatic zinc thionein. Glucagon, angiotensin II, and Arg-vasopressin were administered intravenously and intraperitoneally, one time and three times, over an 11 hour period. Zinc thionein levels in rat liver were increased 1.7 to 5.6 fold by glucagon and 1.7 to 3.6 fold by angiotensin II, but not at all by Arg-vasopressin, as compared to appropriate controls. Glucagon and angiotensin II, when administered in vivo, can modulate zinc thionein levels in rat liver to an extent similar to glucocorticoids. Hepatic zinc thionein levels must now be recognized to be affected in vivo by metals, glucocorticoids, catecholamines, and polypeptide hormones. PMID- 6513728 TI - Effects of age on the adrenergic cardiac neuroeffector junction. AB - Although it is clear that adrenergic nervous system control of cardiac function decreases with age and that the effector organ fails to adjust to this decreased control, it is not completely evident which of the many mechanisms operant at the adrenergic-cardiac neuroeffector junction contribute to this state. Prejunctionally, it appears that norepinephrine content decreases with age and that adrenergic axonal degeneration occurs. Also, evidence is available to suggest that modulation by prejunctional alpha adrenergic receptors of norepinephrine release is altered with increasing age, as is neuronal uptake of norepinephrine. Postjunctionally, it appears that beta-adrenergic receptor sensitivity to agonists undergoes age-related alterations, and possibly post receptor mechanisms involved in receptor-response coupling. Other mechanisms, such as those involved in transmitter uptake into extraneuronal sites, adrenergic neuronal responsiveness to stimulation, transmitter release and turnover, calcium and prejunctional receptor modulation of transmitter release, postjunctional receptor development of supersensitivity or subsensitivity, need further elucidation in order to have an understanding of the factors that contribute to the breakdown of homeostatic mechanisms that regulate the heart. PMID- 6513729 TI - Steroid antagonism of the 'hypertensinogenic' activity of 9 alpha fluoroprednisolone. AB - We have previously reported that adrenocortical steroids raise blood pressure by a 'hypertensinogenic' mechanism of action which is not simply related to their classical 'mineralocorticoid' or 'glucocorticoid' actions. This study presents evidence for specific antagonism of this 'hypertensinogenic' activity. The effects of separate IV infusions of prednisolone (P) 100 mg/d and 9 alpha-fluoro prednisolone (9 alpha F-P) 0.6 mg/d on mean arterial pressure (MAP), plasma [K], plasma [glucose] and urinary Na excretion (UNaV) after 2 days were studied in sheep. In the same group of sheep which received P alone for 2 days, 9 alpha F-P was given for a further 2 days while continuing the P infusion (P + 9 alpha F-P). P alone had no effect on MAP or plasma [K] or UNaV but increased plasma [glucose], effects which are characteristic of 'glucocorticoid' activity. 9 alpha F-P alone increased MAP by 14 mmHg (P less than 0.001) and reduced plasma [K] and UNaV but had no effect on plasma [glucose]. Thus 9 alpha F-P exhibited both 'hypertensionogenic' and 'mineralocorticoid' activity. In the sheep which received the combined P + 9 alpha F-P infusion, the increase in MAP normally produced by 9 alpha F-P was blocked. Although pretreatment with P blocked the pressor effect of 9 alpha F-P, it did not alter the 'mineralocorticoid' effects, namely hypokalaemia and urinary Na retention, produced when 9 alpha F-P was infused alone. These results provide further evidence for our concept of a 'hypertensinogenic' class of steroid activity and are the first demonstration of specific antagonism of steroid induced hypertension. PMID- 6513730 TI - Distribution of parathyroid hormone-sensitive adenylate cyclase in isolated rabbit renal cortex microvessels and glomeruli. AB - The effect of the synthetic amino-terminal fragment of bovine parathyroid hormone, bPTH-(1-34), on the adenylate cyclase of microvessels and glomeruli isolated from rabbit kidney cortex was studied in the presence and absence of guanosine triphosphate (GTP). bPTH-(1-34) stimulated the vascular and glomerular adenylate cyclase in a dose-dependent manner with apparent ED50 values of 11.5 nM and 64 nM respectively, in the absence of GTP. 10(-4)M GTP greatly amplified the vascular response to bPTH-(1-34) while, in the glomeruli, both GTP and bPTH-(1 34) had only additive effects. In the presence of GTP, vascular and glomerular apparent ED50 were 190 nM and 64 nM respectively. [Nle8, Nle18, Tyr34] -bPTH-(3 34) amide, described as a PTH antagonist, inhibited the action of bPTH-(1-34) in the microvessels and to a lesser extent in the glomeruli. PTH is therefore a potent stimulator of adenylate cyclase in rabbit renal microvessels and glomeruli, and may play a role in the regulation of renal blood flow and glomerulo-tubular feedback control. PMID- 6513731 TI - Electroconvulsive shock and brain muscarinic receptors: relationship to anterograde amnesia. AB - Rats were administered one electroconvulsive shock daily for 7 days (ECS X 7) and were killed 24 hours after the last treatment. Muscarinic cholinergic receptor number, as determined by [3H] quinuclidinyl benzilate [( 3H]QNB) binding, was significantly reduced in the cerebral cortex. A parallel group of rats was trained on a passive avoidance task 24 hours following the last ECS and tested for retention of the original avoidance response 24 hours later; these animals exhibited a profound amnesia. Animals tested 1 hour following training were not amnestic, indicating that learning was unimpaired. Animals trained 7 days following ECS X 7 were not amnestic and [3H] QNB binding changes were not demonstrable at this time. A single ECS which does not significantly affect cortical [3H] QNB binding, did not induce amnesia in rats trained 24 hours after the treatment and tested 24 hours later. The parallel, cumulative nature of ECS induced muscarinic receptor down-regulation and ECS-induced anterograde amnesia suggests a possible causative relationship. PMID- 6513732 TI - Differential effect of antiepileptic and non-antiepileptic drugs on the reticular formation. AB - The effect of the antiepileptic drugs carbamazepine and phenytoin, and of the non antiepileptic drug baclofen, was compared on various inhibitory and excitatory mechanisms in the feline trigeminal nucleus. Baclofen resembled carbamazepine and phenytoin in depressing segmental excitatory and facilitating segmental inhibitory mechanisms. However, baclofen facilitated the periventricular and periaqueductal inhibition of the trigeminal nucleus, while carbamazepine and phenytoin depressed these descending inhibitory mechanisms. Baclofen also resembles carbamazepine and phenytoin in its effectiveness in trigeminal neuralgia, but baclofen is not a clinically effective antiepileptic agent. Our experiments indicate that the ability to depress the reticular formation of the diencephalon and midbrain is an important characteristic of antiepileptic drugs. This suggests that the reticular core is involved in the spread and generalization of seizures. PMID- 6513733 TI - Age-related differences in the serum prolactin response during standardized surgery. AB - The aim with the present study was to assess possible age-related differences in the serum prolactin, cortisol and blood glucose responses to standardized surgical stress in humans. Relatively healthy men suffering from inguinal hernias were selected. The subjects were divided into a group of younger people (M=36.4 years, r=23-45, n=7) and one of older people (M=66.5 years, r=56-75, n=9). Surgery was carried out under general anesthesia. Blood was drawn before, during and following the operation. Blood pressure and pulse rate were also monitored. No differences were noticed in plasma prolactin, cortisol, and blood glucose during basal conditions. Even though plasma prolactin increased significantly in both groups during surgery, it was higher in the younger group (M=56.2 micrograms/1) as compared with 28.7 micrograms/l for the older group, p less than .01. Plasma prolactin during surgery, but not under basal conditions, correlated inversely with age. No differences between groups were found during surgery in blood glucose and serum cortisol. This study indicates a diminished stress response in older subjects, possibly due to age-related neuroendocrine changes. PMID- 6513734 TI - Provision of blood transfusion services in developing countries. PMID- 6513735 TI - Simplified manual high performance clinical chemistry methods for developing countries. PMID- 6513736 TI - Courses in medical laboratory sciences for overseas students: a retrospective view. PMID- 6513738 TI - Medical laboratory services in developing countries: necessity or status symbol? PMID- 6513737 TI - Radioimmunoassay laboratories in developing countries: common problems in establishment and suggested solutions. PMID- 6513739 TI - Optimal use of blood in developing countries. PMID- 6513740 TI - Distant blood transfusion support in the emergency situation. PMID- 6513741 TI - Haematology services in developing countries. PMID- 6513742 TI - Mycobacterium africanum and the 'African' tubercle bacilli. PMID- 6513743 TI - A new portable haemoglobinometer. PMID- 6513744 TI - [Enhancement of the antitumor effect of ionizing radiations in the combined use of metronidazole and induced hyperglycemia]. AB - The authors have shown that a more pronounced antitumor effect of radiation in the combined use of metronidazole and induced short-term hyperglycemia (STH) may result not only from the summation of the two effects: the sensitizing effect of metronidazole and decreased viability of irradiated cells caused by STH but also from the intensified cytotoxic effect of metronidazole on hypoxic tumor cells. It was also noted that when hypoxic cells subjected to the sensitizing effect of electron acceptor sensitizers are found in the normal and tumorous tissues (skin), STH use following irradiation in the presence of metronidazole enhances selectively the tumor radiation effect. PMID- 6513745 TI - [Radiomodifying effect of glucose load on oxygenated and hypoxic tumor cells]. AB - A study was made of the radiomodifying effect of the glucose load on the oxygenated and hypoxic cells of Ehrlich's ascites carcinoma (EAC) in vitro. It has been shown that EAC cells actively utilize glucose causing a decrease in pH cell suspensions. Under hypoxia conditions it was slightly more pronounced than under oxygenation conditions (up to 5.2 and 5.6 respectively). The incubation of EAC cells with glucose prior to and after irradiation under hypoxia conditions enhances, to a great extent, their radiation injury: effect modifying factor (EMF) exceeds 3.5. The volume of the modification with the glucose load of the lethal effect of irradiation on EAC cells varies with EMF from 1.1. to 1.5. PMID- 6513746 TI - [Radiomodifying and damaging effect of local hyperthermia on mouse skin depending upon the temperature]. AB - The radiomodifying and damaging effects of heating within the range of 42 degrees 46 degrees C were studied for the skin of random-bred mice. The frequency of development of skin necrosis depends on the time of heating. An increase in temperature by 1 degree C causes a 2-fold decrease in the time-period required for achieving the same effect. A radiosensitizing hyperthermal effect with raising temperature or an increase in the period of heating lessens which may be accounted for by an increased contribution of its damaging effect to the summary effect of radiothermal exposure. PMID- 6513747 TI - [Radiosensitizing of experimental animal tumors using inhibitors of repair]. PMID- 6513749 TI - [Clinical radiobiology and radiotherapy]. PMID- 6513748 TI - [Combined use of radiosensitizing and protective agents in experimental radiotherapy]. AB - The appropriateness of the combined use of electron acceptor radiosensitizers: 4 nitroimidazole and metronidazole, and sulfhydryl protectors WR-2721 (gammaphos) and cysteamine was shown on the Chinese hamster cells V-79 and transplantable mouse tumors. The administration of the sensitizer 30-60 min and the protector 15 20 min before the irradiation of solid tumors weakens radiation reactions of the skin (metronidazole plus gammaphos) without weakening the effect of radiosensitization on transplantable animal tumors (metronidazole plus gammaphos or 4-nitroimidazole plus WR-2721). PMID- 6513750 TI - [Growth rate of experimental tumors in x-irradiation]. AB - Using solid tumors RS-1, Pliss' lymphosarcoma and Guerin's carcinoma it has been noted that growth rates of tumors of different size are reverse proportional to their size: the less a tumor is, the faster its growth rate and a more pronounced therapeutic effect of x-ray irradiation are. A radiation dose fractionation regimen produces a considerable effect on the therapeutic efficacy under the conditions of experimental radiation therapy: with adhering to the general therapeutic scheme the initial irradiation of tumor at a dose of 6 Gy two times every other day proved to be more effective than daily irradiation at a dose of 4 Gy for 3 days. PMID- 6513751 TI - [Effect of metronidazole on the intensity of cell respiration]. AB - The time-course of the metronidazole (MZ) radiosensitizing effect after the administration of the agent to mice 7 days following the inoculation of ascites tumor cells is better correlated with the time-course of the MZ content in the above cells than with the time-course of their potential respiration intensity evaluated by the polarographic method in a closed unit. Five minutes after MZ administration the depression of respiration intensity reached 50% and might contribute to the radiosensitizing effect. After MZ administration not only "metronidazole" but also "oxygen" waves were recorded in ascites tumors of mice using the polarographic method. PMID- 6513752 TI - [Experimental study of the effects of acute uneven microwave irradiation]. AB - The purpose of the study was to reveal parts of the body affected by radiation most of all in uneven microwave irradiation (current frequency of 2.4 GHz/s) by the destruction criterion taking account of some indicators of the absorbed power of electromagnetic radiation (EMR). Uneven irradiation was achieved by the screening of some parts of the body with radiopaque material leaving unshielded parts subjected to irradiation. Control over the redistribution of absorbed energy was exercised by means of multichamber phantoms. In experiments on animals (female rats) within the range of specific absorbed power of 15-40 mWg the utmost affection of the cranial segment was revealed. The results show good correlation with a curve of the effect of 50% destruction criterion in total EMR irradiation. PMID- 6513753 TI - [State of the liver after radiotherapy of cancer of the stomach and larynx with metronidazole radiosensitization]. AB - The use of metronidazole in radiation therapy of laryngeal cancer (SFD = 20 Gy) as a radiosensitizer of tumor hypoxic cells resulted in changes of the liver function tests: a decrease in the cholinesterase activity, a decrease in the level of cholesterol and albumin esters in the blood serum that characterize synthetic liver function. Similar though more noticeable in amounts shifts were marked in stomach cancer patients following preoperative irradiation (SFD = 20 Gy). A slight decrease in AP activity and a decrease in LDH activity below the initial level were simultaneously noted in the latter group as opposed to the group of laryngeal cancer patients. The deviations from the initial level of such liver function indices as bilirubin and total protein level, alanine and asparagine aminotransferase activity did not depend on the incorporation of metronidazole in the radiotherapeutic scheme and developed one way in the intervention and control groups of patients disregarding tumor site. The comparison of shifts of the liver tests in stomach and laryngeal cancer patients in whom tumor site was responsible for the incorporation of the liver in the irradiated zone or for the distance from it, made it possible to regard MZ direct toxic effect and its radiosensitizing effect on the hepatic tissue as causes of the observed deviations. PMID- 6513754 TI - [Research trends in the leading foreign research centers in the field of electron acceptor radiosensitizers]. PMID- 6513755 TI - [Metronidazole distribution in intra-arterial administration]. PMID- 6513756 TI - [Skin reaction in combined exposure to ionizing radiation and heating in different sequences]. PMID- 6513758 TI - [A method of optimizing dose fractionation in radiotherapy of malignant tumors in terms of the Ellis concept]. PMID- 6513757 TI - [Hyperglycemia and ultrasound in radiotherapy of experimental tumors (preliminary communication)]. PMID- 6513759 TI - American College of Sports Medicine position stand on prevention of thermal injuries during distance running. PMID- 6513760 TI - Advances in the understanding of knee ligament injury, repair, and rehabilitation. AB - Knee injuries continue to present a complex set of clinical problems. The answers to these problems have recently been redefined by the application of sophisticated biomechanical research methods to the study of knee ligaments and joint function. This manuscript reviews contributions which our laboratory has made to the understanding of knee injury, highlighting those research findings which form the basis for our clinical treatment of knee ligament injuries. High strain-rate techniques for studying knee ligament failure have replaced the previous low strain-rate methods and distinguish the failure mechanism of ligaments from that of bone. Ligament function is now further defined by measuring the restraining force provided by specific ligaments, adding to the information provided by cutting studies. The development of the 6-degrees-of freedom concept and the instrumented kinematic chain now permit precise analysis of joint position, motion, and laxity. Biomechanical evaluation of intra articular anterior cruciate ligament substitution has emphasized the importance of selection of a high-strength graft material, meticulous surgical technique with attention to graft vascularity, precise location of graft fixation sites, judicious adjustment of graft tension, post-operative protection during tissue remodelling, and a carefully conceived rehabilitation program. Newer biomechanical research methods have provided a sound scientific foundation on which to base clinical decisions concerning the care of knee ligament injuries. PMID- 6513761 TI - Current concepts in the diagnosis and treatment of shoulder instability in athletes. AB - Glenohumeral joint instability is a fairly common clinical disorder in athletes, especially in sports that involve the throwing motion. The direction of shoulder instability can be anterior, inferior, posterior, or multidirectional. The cause can be trauma, congenital laxity, or voluntary muscle action. Normal shoulders that have been disrupted by injury respond well to surgical correction. Shoulders that have inherently lax supporting structures, as found in patients with atraumatic and voluntary dislocation, have less consistent success with surgical repair. A common condition encountered in the shoulder of a throwing arm is anterior subluxation, which can be diagnosed by the positive apprehension sign and confirmed by arthroscopy. A torn glenoid labrum is a common injury also. Improvement in the diagnosis and treatment of shoulder disorders has been made recently by arthroscopy which allows direct visualization of the joint; many conditions can now be corrected by means of arthroscopic surgery. Radiographic techniques have also been improved. PMID- 6513762 TI - Exercise and human neuromuscular diseases: a symposium overview. PMID- 6513763 TI - Clinical disorders of muscle energy metabolism. AB - The disorders of muscle energy metabolism can be classified into degenerative (myopathic) and dynamic syndromes. Four dynamic syndromes are currently recognized: 1) defective carbohydrate utilization, due to block of glycogenolysis or glycolysis; 2) defective lipid utilization, due to deficiency of the mitochondrial translocation of long-chain fatty acids (carnitine palmityltransferase deficiency); 3) lactic acidosis, due to defects of mitochondrial electron transport enzymes and possibly other unidentified defects; and 4) abnormal adenine nucleotide metabolism, exemplified by adenylate deaminase deficiency. The way in which the response to exercise is affected by impaired muscle energy metabolism is dependent on the type of metabolic defect. Defective carbohydrate metabolism severely limits the ability for high-intensity and ischemic exercise. The ability to perform prolonged exercise is markedly impaired in dynamic disorders of lipid metabolism. Other disorders, including those of adenine nucleotide metabolism also may have important implications for our understanding of the metabolic phenomena involved in exercise and recovery. PMID- 6513764 TI - Effect of training on the exercise responses of neuromuscular disease patients. AB - Patients with neuromuscular diseases have low levels of cardiovascular fitness and they fatigue rapidly during daily activities. The purpose of this investigation was to determine whether patients with slowly-progressive or non progressive neuromuscular diseases could complete a 12-wk training program without untoward responses, and develop cardiovascular training adaptations. All eight patients completed the training program with better than 90% compliance. Resting creatine kinase and myoglobin in the group as a whole showed no change with training, though two patients did have definite elevations after training. Their VO2max increased by 25 +/- 5% with training and their relative increase in VO2max was not different from that of healthy subjects undergoing the same training. Heart rate reductions during submaximal exercise were somewhat delayed or non-existent in the two patients with Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, a hereditary neuropathy. However, the six patients with myopathies had heart rate adaptations similar to those in healthy subjects. Thus, some patients with slowly progressive or non-progressive neuromuscular diseases can undergo exercise training and in many cases demonstrate adaptations not different from those in healthy subjects. Patients with different diseases, however, need not respond uniformly, in terms of training adaptations or markers of muscle damage. Therefore, each disease must be considered individually. PMID- 6513765 TI - Physiological characteristics of classical ballet. AB - The aerobic and anaerobic energy yield during professional training sessions ("classes") of classical ballet as well as during rehearsed and performed ballets has been studied by means of oxygen uptake, heart rate, and blood lactate concentration determinations on professional ballet dancers from the Royal Swedish Ballet in Stockholm. The measured oxygen uptake during six different normal classes at the theatre averaged about 35-45% of the maximal oxygen uptake, and the blood lactate concentration averaged 3 mM (N = 6). During 10 different solo parts of choreographed dance (median length = 1.8 min) representative for moderately to very strenuous dance, an average oxygen uptake (measured during the last minute) of 80% of maximum and blood lactate concentration of 10 mM was measured (N = 10). In addition, heart rate registrations from soloists in different ballets during performance and final rehearsals frequently indicated a high oxygen uptake relative to maximum and an average blood lactate concentration of 11 mM (N = 5). Maximal oxygen uptake, determined in 1971 (N = 11) and 1983 (N = 13) in two different groups of dancers, amounted to on the average 51 and 56 ml X min-1 X kg-1 for the females and males, respectively. In conclusion, classical ballet is a predominantly intermittent type of exercise. In choreographed dance each exercise period usually lasts only a few minutes, but can be very demanding energetically, while during the dancers' basic training sessions, the energy yield is low. PMID- 6513766 TI - Some circulatory responses to exercise at different times of day. AB - Circadian rhythms in heart rate were examined at rest, immediately pre-exercise, during submaximal and maximal exercise on a cycle ergometer, and during recovery post-exercise (N = 10). Observations were made under controlled conditions at 0300, 0900, 1500, and 2100 hours. A significant circadian rhythm was found for resting heart rate lying supine and sitting pre-exercise (P less than 0.05), peak values being measured at 1500 hours. The acrophase in the oral temperature rhythm at 1739 hours was not significantly out of phase with that of resting heart rate (P greater than 0.05). The rhythm in heart rate persisted during submaximal exercise (150 W) and at the maximal rate (P less than 0.05); the amplitude of the rhythm was attenuated at maximum. Ratings of perceived exertion at submaximal and maximal exercise intensities, and time of day (P greater than 0.05). The increment of 0.2 degrees C in oral temperature during exercise did not exhibit circadian variation (P greater than 0.05). A significant rhythm was found for recovery heart rates in minutes 2, 3, 4, and 5 post-exercise (P less than 0.05). Observations of systolic and diastolic pressures pre- and post-exercise were inconclusive. Therefore, the circadian rhythm in heart rate responses to exercise should be considered when a heart rate variable is used as a criterion in fitness testing or as an index of physiological strain. PMID- 6513767 TI - Effects of high-intensity strength training on cardiovascular function. AB - Thirteen healthy, untrained males (age 44 +/- 1 yr, range 40-55 yr) were studied to determine the effects of 16 wk of high-intensity, variable-resistance, Nautilus strength training on cardiovascular function. A control group consisting of 10 untrained males (age 52 +/- 2 yr, range 40-64 yr) underwent the same evaluation procedures as the training group. Maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), cardiac output during submaximal exercise, and body composition were determined before and after training. In addition, the physiological responses to an acute training session were evaluated. Muscular strength increased markedly, as evidenced by a 44% average increase in the "one-repetition maximum" in the various exercises. Body weight and percent body fat did not change with training, though fat-free weight did increase (66.9 +/- 2.6 vs 68.8 +/- 2.7 kg, P less than 0.05) significantly. Maximal oxygen uptake did not change significantly in either the training or the control group, and there were no changes in the hemodynamic responses to submaximal exercise after training. These findings indicate, therefore, that high-intensity, variable-resistance strength training produces no adaptative improvement in cardiovascular function. The physiological responses measured during a training session provide evidence that this lack of cardiovascular adaptation may be due to the low percentage of VO2max elicited by this form of exercise. PMID- 6513768 TI - Effects of acute cold exposure on submaximal endurance performance. AB - The purposes of this study were to assess VO2max and submaximal endurance time to exhaustion (ET) during acute cold-air exposure. Eight male subjects (means age = 19.9 yr) were alternately exposed in groups of four to chamber temperatures of +20 degrees C and -20 degrees C for 30 h each. A week was allowed between exposures. Maximum oxygen uptake was measured using a mechanically-braked cycle ergometer, and ET was determined on the same ergometer using a 17-min/3-min exercise/rest schedule until the subject was unable to maintain pedal rate. Maximum oxygen uptake was not significantly different between conditions: 3.43 +/ 0.09 l X min-1 at +20 degrees C and 3.35 +/- 0.10 l X min-1 at -20 degrees C. During endurance exercise, intensities equaled 77.1 +/- 1.4% and 78.9 +/- 2.0% of VO2max at +20 degrees C and -20 degrees C, respectively. Heart rate and VO2 values obtained between 8 and 10 min of the endurance run were not significantly different (156 +/- 2 bpm and 2.63 +/- 0.08 l X min-1 at +20 degrees C and 158 +/- 3 bpm and 2.65 +/- 0.11 l X min-1 at -20 degrees C). Endurance time to exhaustion however, decreased 38% (P less than 0.05) from 111.9 +/- 22.8 min at +20 degrees C to 66.9 +/- 13.6 min at -20 degrees C. The data support the contention that aerobic capacity is not altered by cold exposure but suggest a marked decrease in submaximal endurance performance. PMID- 6513770 TI - Factors related to adherence to an exercise program for healthy adults. AB - Healthy men (N = 33) and women (N = 73) participated in a 6-month exercise program three mornings per week, and their attendance scores (percent of total classes attended) were related to a variety of physiological, anthropometric, psychological, and demographic variables which were studied. These subjects were also grouped by adherence patterns; 18% attended less than 10% of the classes (early dropouts = EDO), 40% attended between 10 and 50% of the classes (nonadherers = NAd), and 42% attended more than 50% (adherers = Ad). Correlation coefficients between all of the variables and attendance were low. However, certain patterns did emerge. Those who continued the program more than 10% of the sessions tended to be the more physically fit women and less physically fit men. The EDO men and women were more likely to 1) have less stability in the community (less time at present address or occupation), 2) be single, and 3) have no children. Self-motivation scores (SMI) for EDO men were significantly lower, but the correlation between SMI and attendance for all subjects was only r = 0.052. "Blue-collar" men had a greater-than-expected dropout rate; however, educational level did not affect adherence. Health care behavior (including smoking) and previous exercise patterns did not affect attendance. Eleven variables that were related to adherence were selected for further study. The predictive values and sensitivities for these variables ranged from 47-85% and 15-62%, respectively. Using criteria of multiple positive scores did not improve the ability to predict attendance behavior. It was concluded that for healthy volunteers, participant characteristics are not good predictors of compliance to an exercise regimen. PMID- 6513769 TI - The inertial and geometrical properties of helmets. AB - The center of gravity (CG) and the principal mass moments of inertia about the CG of Army aviator, American football, and bicycle helmets were experimentally determined by a variation of the classic differential weighing and torsional pendulum techniques. In the course of these experiments, an innovative method for three-dimensional (3D) digitization was found. An electronic caliper, which measured length, was used with a computer algorithm to achieve 3D digitization. The results of the above measurements show that the weight of the helmet and the distances from the CG to the orthogonal coordinate axes intercepts with the outer shell surface were highly correlated with its principal mass moments of inertia. A set of regression equations was derived on theoretical considerations and served to unify the experimentally obtained data. Our results indicate that the principal mass moments of inertia of helmets vary linearly with its mass but nonlinearly with size and shape. For a helmet, given its weight and certain geometrical distances, the regression equations estimate the principal mass moments of inertia to within 5% of its experimentally-determined values. For the helmets studied in this series, a modified linear-regression relationship between the principal mass moments of inertia and its mass was found. This result is reasonable because the mass distribution of the current generation of helmets are set primarily by the head size and secondarily by helmet size, shape, and materials. PMID- 6513771 TI - Delayed menarche in swimmers in relation to age at onset of training and athletic performance. AB - Competitive swimmers have been considered to be different from other female athletes in that their mean age at menarche is similar to that of nonathletes. However, it was hypothesized that if the delayed menarche observed in athletes of other sports is caused by prepubertal training, then swimmers should also exhibit delayed menarche as the majority of swimmers begin training prior to puberty. Furthermore, if early prepubertal training is the important factor in delaying menarche, then it was hypothesized that a relationship between performance and age at menarche in swimming is unlikely to exist. Thus, 345 competitive female swimmers and 549 control subjects completed questionnaires concerning general health, athletic training history, and age at menarche. Results indicated that, as a population, the mean age at menarche of the swimmers (13.4 yr) was significantly later than the controls (13.0 yr). When swimmers and controls were compared on an age-group basis, it was found that the difference in age at menarche was due to the data obtained from the older and more highly competitive swimmers. Assigning swimmers to different competitive levels or by performance in specific swimming events (50- or 100-yd freestyle; 45.7- or 91.4-m, respectively) indicated a significantly later age at menarche for the more competitive swimmers. Thus, there is evidence that the age at menarche and subsequent athletic performance in swimming are related; the later menarche observed in swimmers appears to be associated with factors that select for superior performance. PMID- 6513772 TI - Endurance exercise and pregnancy outcome. AB - The interaction between maternal endurance exercise at or above a minimal conditioning level, prior to and during pregnancy, and pregnancy outcome was examined prospectively in our obstetrical populace using epidemiologic techniques. Over a 3-month interval all women registering for antepartum care were interviewed. Those planning to continue exercise during pregnancy were re interviewed between the 28th and 34th gestational weeks. A detailed review of clinical records was used for outcome assessment. Women who continued endurance exercise at or near preconceptual levels during pregnancy gained less weight ( 4.6 kg), delivered earlier (-8 d), and had lighter-weight offspring (-500 g) than those who stopped exercising prior to the 28th week. The latter group gained 2.2 kg more weight but delivered similar birthweight infants at a similar gestational age as their sedentary controls. PMID- 6513773 TI - VO2max responses in separate and combined arm and leg air-braked ergometer exercise. AB - Using an air-braked cycle ergometer, we sought to determine the relative contributions of the arms and legs in eliciting the maximal O2 uptake (VO2max). Ten healthy, non-arm-trained males did progressive exercise to exhaustion on the ergometer instrumented to partition the push-pull arm exercise from the cycling leg exercise. Exercise was done with arms only (100% arms), legs only (100% legs, with arms at sides), and in combinations of 10% arms/90% legs, 20% arms/80% legs, and 30% arms/70% legs. To approximate conventional bicycling, four subjects exercised to exhaustion doing leg cycling on the air-braked ergometer with the hands fixed to stationary bars. The maximal power output and VO2max were not significantly different (P greater than 0.05) for the 10% arms/90% legs and the 20% arms/80% legs combinations. Maximal power output and VO2max for 10% arms/90% legs was significantly greater than that for the 100% arms, 100% legs, and 30% arms/70% legs regimens (P less than 0.05). The highest VO2max measured in combined arm/leg exercise for four subjects using 10% arms/90% legs (N = 3) or 20% arms/80% legs (N = 1) was not significantly different from that measured in air-braked ergometer leg cycling with hands fixed to stationary bars (P greater than 0.05). We conclude that push-pull arm exercise of 10 or 20%, combined with leg cycling of 90 or 80%, respectively, or leg cycling with hands fixed to bars optimize the arm/leg contributions in eliciting VO2max. These findings suggest that the upper-body stabilizing effort in conventional cycling (legs cycling, hands fixed) contributes approximately 10-20% to inducing VO2max.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6513774 TI - Comparison of 6-min "all-out" and incremental exercise tests in elite oarsmen. AB - A high aerobic capacity is an important criterion for rowing success. Two exercise protocols, the 6-min "all-out" (6M-AO) and progressive incremental (PI) tests, have been used to evaluate physiological performance in rowers and to select team members. We measured heart rate (HR), minute ventilation (VE), oxygen consumption (VO2), and carbon dioxide production (VCO2) every 30 s, and obtained ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) from 12 candidates for the 1983 United States Men's Lightweight Rowing Team. Testing was randomized and each oarsman performed a different test on the rowing ergometer on consecutive days. For the group, age was 23 +/- 2 yr (mean +/- SD), height was 183 +/- 3 cm, and weight was 72.2 +/- 1.4 kg. Peak physiological values were achieved in the first 2 min of exercise for the 6M-AO test, but in the last 2 min for the PI test. There were no statistically significant differences among peak values for HR, VE, VO2, VCO2, and RPE with each test. The peak ventilatory equivalent for oxygen (VE/VO2) was also similar. The onset of anaerobic metabolism was observed at 83 +/- 4% of peak VO2 during the PI test, while anaerobic metabolism has been shown to occur within the first minute of the 6M-AO test. We conclude that physiological values at peak exercise were similar for the 6M-AO and PI tests. Because the onset of anaerobic metabolism can only be determined by noninvasive means using the PI test, this method of testing is preferable for the physiological assessment of rowing performance.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6513775 TI - Submaximal exercise quantified as percent of normoxic and hyperoxic maximum oxygen uptakes. AB - Maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max) was measured in six college-aged males under normoxic (NVO2max) and hyperoxic (HVO2max; 70% oxygen) conditions. Subjects then randomly performed the following three 20-min submaximal exercise bouts: 75% normoxic VO2max under normoxia (NVO2N), 75% normoxic VO2max under hyperoxia (NVO2H), and 75% hyperoxic VO2max under hyperoxia (HVO2H). Metabolic parameters were obtained at 5-min intervals. Hyperoxia resulted in a 13% increase (P less than 0.01) in VO2max (NVO2max = 3.54 l X min-1 vs HVO2max = 4.00 l X min-1). Significant (P less than 0.05) decreases were observed in VE (ventilation) (13%), epinephrine (37%), norepinephrine (26%), and blood lactate (28%), with no change in oxygen uptake (VO2), carbon dioxide production (VCO2), or respiratory exchange ratio (R) during hyperoxia at the same absolute power output (NVO2N vs NVO2H). However, at the same relative power outputs (NVO2N vs HVO2H) no significant changes in VE, epinephrine, norepinephrine, or blood lactate were observed when hyperoxia and normoxia were compared. PMID- 6513776 TI - Sports science and body composition analysis: emphasis on cell and muscle mass. AB - Because we are unsure of many of the constants that we use in the calculation of components of body composition, there is a need for a greater number of postmortem analyses in order to prepare better equations for more accurate utilization of indirect noninvasive measurements. At present, most investigators who study active people (including athletes) use techniques that only provide an approximation of body fatness. Because excess fat serves as a burden to the body during transport in the performance of many physical activities, fatness constitutes a variable of concern. Fat-free body weight is usually calculated by difference and serves as a reference for some physiological functions. Although fat-free weight and lean body mass are not the same, most investigators calculate fat-free weight and many use the terms interchangeably. Some of the assumptions and problems in utilizing hydrodensitometry in the calculation of body fatness remain unresolved, such as the true densities of the different gross components of body composition in the young, aged, physically fit, etc. A variety of body composition profiles of different athletes have been published in recent years, which substantially augment efforts initiated in the 1940s and 1950s. The regular employment of a total body water assessment along with hydrodensitometry would improve the accuracy of calculation of body fatness, but the procedure is somewhat expensive in cost and time of subject involvement. In order to extend our knowledge of body composition and to quantitatively ascertain the mass of skeletal muscle, some of the procedures for calculating cell and muscle mass are reviewed including total body potassium, total body nitrogen, creatinine excretion, and 3-methylhistidine excretion. These procedures reveal important information, but require further investigation before we are confident that we are measuring cell or muscle mass. We have focused on 3-methylhistidine excretion because preliminary investigation suggests that it may reveal differences in muscle mass not detected by densitometry. PMID- 6513777 TI - The free vascularized sural nerve graft. AB - The sural nerve was described as a new donor nerve of the free vascularized nerve graft in a fresh cadaver's dissection and in four clinical cases. The vascularized sural nerve is nourished by the cutaneous branch of the peroneal artery or the muscular perforating branch of the posterior tibial artery in our grafts. Compared to other vascularized nerve grafts, the sural nerve has many advantages: 1) A "two- or three-fold nerve graft" can be designed on itself without damage to the blood supply of the nerve, 2) survival of the nerve can be reasoned by the accompanying flap and the flap can close the skin defect simultaneously without additional vascular anastomosis, and 3) sensory loss at the donor site is negligible. The final extent of sensory recovery in our clinical cases could require several months, but a quickly advanced Tinel's sign suggested the technique's superiority. PMID- 6513778 TI - A vascularized fibula model to study vascularized canine bone grafts. AB - We have refined the experimental canine vascularized fibula model in 26 dog experiments. Our results have demonstrated that both periosteal and endosteal blood flow are retained following end-to-end anastomosis of the bone graft pedicle artery and vein. The success of this model depends on detailed knowledge of the surgical anatomy and upon meticulous microvascular surgical technique. PMID- 6513779 TI - Lesions of the kidney in tourniquet shock: ultrastructural study. AB - Light microscope and ultrastructural changes in the rat kidney in tourniquet shock are described. The animals (24) were divided into two series; in the first one, the hind limb was kept at room temperature; in the second series, prerefrigeration was used. The effects of different ischemia were studied (2,4,8, and 12 hours for warm ischemia; 4,8,12, and 16 hours for cold ischemia). The animals were sacrificed at 3, 10, and 30 days. Pathological changes were evident, consisting in an increase of cytosomes in the proximal tubules and apical vacuolation in collecting ducts; numerous cytosomes including myelin-like structures were also seen. Large differences between warm and cold ischemia alterations were found. The changes in the tubules were clearly less important in cold ischemia. The authors conclude that there is a protective effect in regard to prevention of renal pathology affordable by prerefrigeration of a limb for reimplantation. PMID- 6513780 TI - A new microvascular clamp for the production of experimental ischemia. AB - A new microvascular clamp was developed from inexpensive and readily available materials. This clamp, when properly applied, can provide many hours of vessel occlusion with minimal damage to the vessel intima. This clamp has important applications in producing prolonged experimental ischemia without significant vessel damage and thrombosis. This clamp produced less vessel damage when compared with a standard microvascular clamp for prolonged periods of clamping. PMID- 6513781 TI - Rotational technique and microsurgery. AB - A rotational technique to manipulate microsurgical instruments has several advantages. Tremor is suppressed, the hands remain relaxed for long periods of time, and the nondominant hand is able to play a more active role in the operation. The fundamentals of rotational technique are discussed. PMID- 6513782 TI - The microneedleholderscissors and the microforceps. AB - Two new Australian-designed instruments for microsurgery are described. These are a combination microneedleholder and scissors, and a versatile microforceps. With one of these combination instruments in each hand no additional equipment is needed for a microanastomosis of any small vessel, tube, or nerve. Ergonomically designed for the penholder hand grip their use considerably reduces the time of microanastomosis and does away with the need for both a skilled assistant and an expensive double-operating microscope. PMID- 6513783 TI - Rotation of scissors while fixed in the microsurgical field: a technique for increasing the surgeon's efficiency. AB - The use of mechanical support for scissors during microsurgery reduces tremor and improves the surgeon's efficiency. Rotation of such a pair of mechanically supported scissors presents further improvements as it permits the surgeon to cut in all directions while reducing the need for time-consuming instrument transfers. Thus, one pair of scissors can be kept within the field and rotated to the required orientation for cutting. PMID- 6513785 TI - Mental retardation 1984: Professional responsibilities. PMID- 6513784 TI - Isolation of a series of HLA class I clones from a human chromosome 6 genomic library. AB - Human metaphase chromosomes were fractionated by a fluorescent-activated cell sorter (FACS II) and the chromosome 6 fraction was sorted. A genomic library was constructed in lambda gtWES cloning arms using a partial EcoRI digest of the chromosomal DNA. We estimate that at least 60% of our library represents chromosome 6 material, and as 1.2 x 10(5) recombinants were obtained, this indicates that the majority of clonable chromosome 6 sequences are represented. The library was screened with a mouse H-2 class I clone and 18 HLA class I recombinants were isolated from 4 x 10(4) plaques. PMID- 6513786 TI - Competitive employment: teaching conversational skills to adults who are mentally retarded. PMID- 6513788 TI - Service provision in New York's group homes. PMID- 6513787 TI - A national profile of self-help/self-advocacy groups of people with mental retardation. PMID- 6513790 TI - Methods of information in nursing as seen from the U.K. PMID- 6513789 TI - Legal and moral considerations in educating children with herpes in public school settings. PMID- 6513791 TI - Placebo--the universal drug. PMID- 6513792 TI - Adverse drug reactions--a computer-assisted application of correspondence analysis for automatic causality assessment. PMID- 6513793 TI - Evaluation of a computer-assisted screening method for medical history records. PMID- 6513794 TI - Knowledge and skills expected of health information scientists: a sample survey of prospective employers. PMID- 6513795 TI - Management of ventricular fibrillation during acute myocardial infarction. PMID- 6513796 TI - Aging in the laboratory animal. PMID- 6513797 TI - Sexual satisfaction among middle-aged couples: correlation with frequency of intercourse and health status. AB - The central hypothesis of this investigation is that the greater the sexual satisfaction that a couple reports from their sexual relationship, the better will be their adjustment to the changes that occur during middle age, as reflected in their reported health status and health behaviour. Forty-seven married couples, of North African Jewish origin, were investigated, the women being in the age range 48-53 yr. The findings regarding reported frequency of sexual intercourse and sexual satisfaction of women and men separately showed that a great majority of both men (87%) and women (74%) reported a decrease in sexual activity over the 5 yr preceding the study. Most of the men (56%) said the change was due to the aging process, whereas the women's responses were more varied and included aging, worries and decrease in sexual interest or desire. Eighty percent of the men reported satisfaction in their sexual relationship with their wives, but only 43% of the women stated that they were satisfied. A significant correlation was found, for women only, between the degree of satisfaction and the change in frequency of intercourse. Among the women there was also a positive correlation between general life satisfaction and sexual satisfaction. The hypothesis in regard to mutual (couple) sexual satisfaction was not confirmed in the men. It was validated in the women in regard to only two of the four criteria used - their perception of their health status and of their well-being. The women perceived the sexual satisfaction of their husbands much more accurately than the husbands perceived that of their wives. PMID- 6513798 TI - Org OD 14: long-term effects on serum lipoproteins. PMID- 6513799 TI - Plasmid-mediated inducible reactivation of an actinophage. AB - The inducible Weigle-Reactivation (WR) of UV-irradiated bacteriophage VP5 has been examined in Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2) with and without the mutagenesis enhancing SCP1 plasmid. A higher inducible reactivation was observed in SCP1+ strains ("free" plasmid) than in SCP1- strains and in NF strains (SCP1 integrated). The efficiency of the plasmid-mediated and cellular repair processes have been examined. PMID- 6513800 TI - Species of the Bifidobacterium in the feces of infants. AB - A total of 907 strains of bifidobacteria isolated from the feces of breast-fed and artificial milk-fed infants were studied. Their assignment to known species of the genus Bifidobacterium was primarily based on DNA homology relationships. The strains were classified as B. bifidum, B. breve, B. catenulatum, B. dentium, B. infantis, B. longum and B. pseudocatenulatum. The distribution of these species is reported. PMID- 6513801 TI - Cytotoxin and enterotoxin production by Clostridium difficile. AB - 30 strains of Cl. difficile isolated from faeces of patients with pseudomembranous colitis (PMC), antibiotic associated diarrhoea (AAC) and other intestinal disorders and from faeces of asymptomatic carriers were studied for production of toxins. Tissue culture assay was used for the detection of cytotoxin (toxin B) and ileal loop test for enterotoxin (toxin A). All Cl. difficile isolates from patients with PMC and AAC were found to produce cytotoxin, whereas enterotoxin was demonstrated only in approximately 70% of strains. PMID- 6513802 TI - Lactobacillus lactis as dominant lactobacilli flora in human intestine. AB - The presence of Lactobacillus lactis, as a dominant lactic acid microflora, has been demonstrated in human feces by means of phenotypic and genotypic tests. This unusual fecal bacteria allows some considerations on the ubiquity and environmental specificity of the lactobacilli. PMID- 6513804 TI - The meaning of informed consent. PMID- 6513803 TI - Informed consent: the case for legislation. PMID- 6513805 TI - Informed consent: a medical student's view. PMID- 6513806 TI - Addressing emotional aspects of mastectomy. PMID- 6513807 TI - Alternative management of breast carcinoma. PMID- 6513808 TI - On choosing radiation as cancer treatment. PMID- 6513810 TI - Following a tough act: new MSMS executive Bruce Ambrose. Interview by Judith Marr. PMID- 6513809 TI - What doctors and lawyers are saying about the omnibus malpractice bill. PMID- 6513811 TI - Senator Henry predicts the health care industry's future. Interview by Carole Eberly. PMID- 6513812 TI - "Ask the Doctors" show a hit in Marquette. PMID- 6513813 TI - The effect of pipemidic acid on the growth of a stable L-form of Staphylococcus aureus. PMID- 6513814 TI - Restoration by MDP-Lys (L18) of resistance to Pseudomonas pneumonia in immunosuppressed guinea pigs. PMID- 6513815 TI - Differentiation of mycobacterial species by investigation of petroleum ether soluble sulfolipids using thin-layer chromatography after incubation with [35S]sulfate. AB - The method of detecting petroleum ether-soluble sulfolipids by thin-layer chromatography after incubation with [35S]sulfate is useful for differentiation between mycobacterial species. Rapidly growing mycobacteria, including two subspecies of Mycobacterium chelonei, were differentiated by this method. Most species of slowly growing mycobacteria were characterized by the pattern of distribution of radioactive sulfolipids in the thin-layer chromatograms. Mycobacterium nonchromogenicum was clearly differentiated from Mycobacterium terrae and Mycobacterium triviale by the presence of a sulfolipid. The latter two did not contain any significant amount of sulfolipids. Mycobacterium avium contained a large amount of sulfolipids, whereas Mycobacterium scrofulaceum did not contain any detectable sulfolipid. Rapidly growing, scotochromogenic mycobacteria, except for Mycobacterium flavescens, did not contain any remarkable amounts of sulfolipids. PMID- 6513816 TI - The intestinal microflora of infants: composition of fecal flora in breast-fed and bottle-fed infants. AB - The fecal flora of 35 breast-fed and 35 bottle-fed babies was determined. Bifidobacteria were the predominant fecal bacteria in both groups. Conversely, the counts of most of the other bacteria, such as bacteroides, eubacteria, peptococci, veillonella, clostridia, enterobacteria, streptococci, and bacilli in the bottle-fed group were significantly higher than those in the breast-fed group. The frequencies of occurrence of lecithinase positive clostridia, clostridia-others, pseudomonas and bacilli in the bottle-fed group were significantly higher than those in the breast-fed group. Twenty-one genera and 103 species or biovars of microorganisms were isolated from the feces of the breast-fed group and 20 genera and 97 species or biovars from the bottle-fed group. The organism that showed the highest number and the highest frequency of occurrence in both groups was Bifidobacterium breve. Bifidobacterium infantis, which was formerly the most prevalent Bifidobacterium species in baby feces, was never isolated in this study. Further, the counts and incidences of Clostridium paraputrificum, C. perfringens, and Bacillus subtilis, the counts of C. clostridiiforme, Bacteroides vulgatus, Veillonella parvula, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Escherichia coli, Streptococcus bovis, S. faecalis, and S. faecium and the incidences of C. difficile, C. tertium, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the bottle-fed infants were significantly higher than those in the breast-fed infants. PMID- 6513817 TI - Tumoricidal adsorption of Staphylococcus aureus organisms on Ehrlich ascites tumor cells sensitized with rabbit antibody. AB - A tumoricidal effect was observed when protein A-bearing Staphylococcus aureus organisms were adsorbed on Ehrlich ascites tumor cells previously sensitized with antiserum from a rabbit immunized with Ehrlich ascites tumor cells. Electron micrographs showed that staphylococci were firmly attached to the tumor cells, which might explain how effectively the attached cocci killed the tumor cells. The tumoricidal effect was confirmed not only by an in vitro experiment but also by an in vivo one. The possible applications of the tumoricidal adsorption as an indicator for staphylococcal virulence or for selective anti-tumor action was discussed. PMID- 6513818 TI - [Mechanism of Hansenula polymorpha reaction to the pulsed addition of a limiting substrate]. AB - As was shown in experiments with a Hansenula polymorpha culture, a temporary drop in the pH of the medium in response to a pulse addition of a limiting substrate (organic or mineral) is not related to NH4+ uptake from the medium. The response is similar in media with NH4+ and in distilled water without NH4+. The pH drop caused by a pulse addition of certain substrates appears to result from the extrusion of H+ ions in the process of antiport: K+/H+ and Mg2+/H+. It is likely that the response to a substrate pulse is the extrusion of H+ ions for maintaining the membrane potential decreased owing to the uniport of either NH4+ or K+. Protons may be extruded in response to a substrate pulse during glycolysis of respiration. It is possible that an addition of organic substrates activates the metabolism; inorganic ions may also have a stimulating action. The lag time from the moment of substrate addition to the beginning of a decrease in the pH of the medium seems to include transport to the cytoplasmic membrane, transport into the cell and, possibly, the first steps of metabolism of the added substrate. PMID- 6513819 TI - [Effect of chloramphenicol and actinomycin D on extracellular alkaline RNAse biosynthesis by Bacillus intermedius]. AB - By means of chloramphenicol it was found that biosynthesis of alkaline exocellular RNAase was repressed in Bacillus intermedius by inorganic phosphate. Actinomycin D at a low concentration stimulates RNAase biosynthesis in a medium with a minimal phosphorus concentration in model experiments with washed cells and in the batch culture. As a result, the activity of RNAase rises 2-4 times. The stimulating effect of actinomycin D decreases when phosphorus concentration in the medium is increased The effect of actinomycin D is maximal if the antibiotic is added to the medium when the specific growth rate of the bacterium falls down and the rate of RNAase biosynthesis rises. PMID- 6513820 TI - [Effect of cycloheximide and actinomycin D on the phospholipid and neutral lipid content of Cunninghamella japonica]. AB - Changes in the composition of neutral lipids and phospholipids were studied during the growth of Cunninghamella japonica under the action of cycloheximide and actinomycin D. The data were used to discuss how the synthesis of enzymes catalysing the formation of individual lipid classes was regulated and whether it would be possible to control the composition of phospholipids and neutral lipids using inhibitors of RNA and protein synthesis. The results are also indicative of a certain correlation between growth phases of the fungus and changes in certain characteristics of membrane lipids. PMID- 6513822 TI - [Carotenoid pigments and the enhanced resistance of Pseudomonas methanolica to the action of ultraviolet radiation]. AB - The correlation was studied between the elevated resistance of Pseudomonas methanolica, a facultative methylotroph, to the bactericidal action of UV (254 nm) and the content of a pink pigment in this organism. Absorption spectra of cell extracts containing the pigment were recorded. The ethanol and acetone extracts had two absorption maxima at 420-430 and 500-510 nm, respectively, which was typical of carotenoids. The culture with the pigment and its variant without the pigment had nearly identical survival rates. Therefore, the elevated resistance of P. methanolica cells seems to stem from the activity of DNA reparation cellular systems rather than from the presence of carotenoid pigments in the cells. PMID- 6513821 TI - [Lipid fatty acid composition of fungi in the genus Aspergillus grown on media with various sources of nitrogen]. AB - The fatty acid composition of lipids synthesized by fungi belonging to the Aspergillus genus was studied during their growth on media containing different organic and inorganic nitrogen sources. On the average, the cultures were shown to accumulate from 7 to 30 g/L of biomass and to synthesize from 3 to 13% of lipids. The lipids were found to contain saturated and unsaturated fatty acids with the number of carbon atoms from 14 to 18. The fungi had a typical fatty acid composition of lipids which did not depend on the composition of the growth medium. PMID- 6513823 TI - [The hyperglycemic effect of N-methylglucamine antimonate (glucantime)]. AB - We applied meglumine antimonate (Glucantime) to 10 albino mice in a dose of 15-30 mg/kg for first three days and then 60 mg/kg for twelve days intramuscularly, and double dose to another 10 mice. No drug was administered to 9 mice which were control group. On 16th day, there were hyperglycemia, parenchymal degeneration and inflammation in liver which were more marked in double dose group. The monitoring of blood glucose of the patients with kala-azar receiving Glucantime, was suggested. PMID- 6513824 TI - [Relation between the granulocyte count and protein and glucose levels in the cerebrospinal fluid in children with acute bacterial meningitis]. AB - Cerebro-spinal fluid (CSF) findings of 171 children with acute bacterial meningitis were found to be as follow: granulocyte count 2879 +/- 804 per mm3, protein level 181 +/- 23 mg/dl, the ratio of BOS sugar to blood sugar % 46 +/- 2. There is some correlation between granulocyte count and sugar level (r: -0.17, p less than 0.05) and protein level and sugar level (r: -0.21, p less than 0.05), but no correlation between granulocyte count and protein level (r: 0.10, p greater than 0.05). PMID- 6513825 TI - [A serologic study of human Brucella canis infections in the bursa region]. AB - Serum samples of 123 patients of various ages and both sexes from Bursa area were tested by Mercaptoethanol Tube Agglutination Test on a random basis for Br. canis antibodies. Two patients, one male and one female, showed high titers (1:400) in mercaptoethanol tube agglutination test. A titer of 1:200 or higher was considered significant and indicative of active infection. Br. canis infection in man in Turkey is reported for the first time. PMID- 6513827 TI - A new approach to contact allergenicity screening. AB - A new approach to contact allergenicity screening is proposed. As a first step, an immunogen-Langerhans cell (IC) binding assay (a) is suggested. LC's are isolated from trypsinized epidermis by fluorescence activated cell sorting using monoclonal antibody anti-T6. The chemical or drug under study (pre-incubated in homogenized skin as it may be allergenic only after binding to protein or upon metabolic interaction) is tested for LC binding by a radiometric assay. When binding is not established, the drug is probably inert. When binding occurs its possible effect on LC activity is studied by a LC activation/migration assay (b). When negative, this assay indicates passive binding and the drug or chemical may be expected to be inert. When migration does occur, the activated LC's may be co cultured with autologous lymphocytes in a lymphocyte blastogenicity assay (c). A positive result in this assay will indicate the drug or chemical's allergenicity. The proposed three-step procedure for contact allergenicity screening is expected to have a high profitability. PMID- 6513826 TI - [A cerebellar abscess caused by anaerobic and aerobic (mixed) microorganisms]. AB - A 15 year old boy was admitted to hospital with five days history of fever, headache, vomiting and otorrhea. Findings on physical examination included high fever, purulent drainage from right ear, nuchal rigidity, Brudzinski's and Kernig's signs. Laboratory finding was polymorphonuclear leukocytosis. Computerized tomography (CT) of his brain was normal. A lumbar puncture disclosed purulent CSF. Chloramphenicol and Penicillin G were given intravenously as treatment for the meningitis. After five days of this therapy he continued to be febrile and nuchal rigidity, Brudzinski's and Kerning's signs increased. The second CT demonstrated the presence of an abscess in the cerebellum. The abscess was aspirated during mastoidectomy. In the cultures of the aspiration material Bacteroides species and gram positive micrococci grew out. Metronidazole, 500 mg qid per oral, was added to the therapy. During treatment, his condition was evaluated with serial computerized tomography scans of his brain and these studies showed progressive decrease in the size of the lesion. Metronidazole and antibiotics therapies were continued 45 days. The patient made an uneventful recovery. PMID- 6513828 TI - X chromosome expression in normal and molar pregnancy. AB - In the female mouse embryo the maternal X chromosome is selectively expressed in derivatives of the trophectoderm and the primitive endoderm. In the primitive ectoderm derivatives the expression of the maternally or paternally derived X chromosome is random. Although this selective expression is not an essential condition for the trophectoderm and the primitive endoderm to develop, the purpose of this selective expression is unknown. It is postulated that in human reproductive biology a key to the purpose of this selective expression may be found by the hydatidiform mole, due to its androgenic origin. PMID- 6513829 TI - Does chloroform exposure while showering pose a serious public health concern? AB - The problem of organic chemicals in drinking water has been well known since 1974 1975 when the National Organics Reconnaissance Survey (NORS) and the National Organics Monitoring Survey (NOMS) showed that drinking water contaminated by organics could be found throughout the nation. Of special concern are the trihalomethanes (THMs) one of which, chloroform, is a suspected human carcinogen, and has been proven to be carcinogenic in test animals. In addition to chloroform exposure from drinking water, inhalation of chloroform from air while showering may constitute an additional source of exposure. Since the EPA has not included exposure to airborne chloroform in their risk-assessment calculations, the actual cancer risk to the population due to chloroform in drinking water may be significantly higher than the EPA estimated. It is suggested that a major research effort be directed at the determination of airborne chloroform levels in the domestic shower environment. Effort should also be made to determine what variables affect the magnitude of the chloroform levels if present. Once these variables are known it may be possible to educate the public about the potential hazard and ways to eliminate or reduce it. PMID- 6513830 TI - A possible model for the methylation of deoxycytidine in DNA. AB - The modified base 5-methylcytidine has been found in the DNA of a number of different eukaryotic cells where it occurs principally in the dinucleotide sequence -CmpG- which is present as a palindrome in double-strand nucleic acid molecules. There is considerable evidence to indicate and suggest that 5 methylcytosine serves as a regulatory signal in eukaryotic gene expression. Replication of DNA containing -CmpG- gives rise to daughter DNA molecules containing new -CpG- dinucleotide sequences in which the cytidine residues are not methylated. Methylation of these residues is carried out by a methylase enzyme using S-adenosyl-L-methionine as a specific methyl group donor. The model discussed in the present communication tries to explain in chemical and biological terms the mechanism of the methylation reaction. The first reactions of the scheme are well known through the work of other investigators. However, we introduce a new concept into our reaction mechanism by postulating the direct involvement of S-adenosyl-L-methionine in the reaction through its covalent attachment to the cytosine ring followed by a specific ring closure and methylation involving transfer of a hydride ion. The model also gives a possible explanation of mechanism of interaction of dimethyl sulphoxide with the enzyme systems of certain eukaryotic cells, which are altered or changed in the regulation of gene expression by this chemical reagent. PMID- 6513831 TI - The hypokalemic, bowel, bladder, headache relationship; a new syndrome. The role of the potassium ammonia axis. AB - A conceptual approach that relates vascular headaches, bowel and bladder dysfunction to abnormalities of the "ammonia potassium axis" is presented. Hypokalemia alters smooth muscle function of both the bowel and bladder and results in the elaboration of an alkaline urine. The occurrence of an alkaline urine, along with bladder dysfunction and urinary stasis, predisposes to recurrent urinary tract infections. Hypokalemia and/or alkalosis increases the renal return of ammonia, exposes the brain to chronically higher concentration of ammonia and facilitates its passage into the central nervous system. Increased levels of blood ammonia predispose to hyperventilation which results in a superimposed respiratory alkalosis on a pre-existing hypokalemia and/or alkalosis therefore causing intense cerebral vasoconstriction. Varying degrees of cerebral ischemia and hypoxia occur and give rise to higher brain concentrations of ammonia. Vasodilatation occurs during the headache phase and may be a consequence of the sudden increase of brain ammonia and/or due to the release of other vasoactive mediators. As a consequence of increased blood ammonia, a reduction of protein intake may result in the alterations of amino acid precursors for brain uptake and therefore further interferes with the modulation of cerebral blood flow and brain function. PMID- 6513832 TI - Amino conjugates of a phosphatidylglycerol oxidation product: novel adjuncts for liposome preparation. AB - Amino groups in amino acids, proteins and possibly glycoproteins could be conjugated to a product of per-Iodate oxidation of phosphatidyglycerol. The reaction yields an unstable Schiff's base, which could be converted to a more stable phosphatidylethanol derivative of the respective amino acid or protein, by a reducing agent such as sodium borohydride. Such derivatives may be a useful alternative to stearylamine in the preparation of cationic liposomes intended for use in enzyme replacement and drug therapy. They may be useful in preparing liposomes with stable glycoprotein and protein moieties sticking outwards on the surface of the vesicle; an important development in the effort to achieve selective homing or targetting of liposomally entrapped therapeutic agent to specific tissues. PMID- 6513833 TI - The circulation and function of cerebrospinal fluid. AB - Corpora amylacea (brain sand) were, hypothetically, considered as precipitates of a substance present in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Melatonin, a non-polar indol, present in CSF could enter fibrous astrocytes and could generate corpora. The site of secretion of the corpora generating substance and the flow of CSF should dictate the distribution pattern of corpora. Neuropeptides present in the fluid were also considered as a possible precipitating agents. The distribution of corpora and the action of intrathecal vincristine suggested that CSF is recirculated through the ventricular system. A complete cycle of ventricular fluid could set the pace of the 100 minute ultradian rhythm found in human beings. Arachnoid granulations were not in an area of high volume of flow of the fluid and probably do not act as a major site of fluid reabsorption. PMID- 6513835 TI - Medical research in Malaysia. PMID- 6513834 TI - Three models of medicine. (An integrated theory of aging and age-associated diseases). AB - The hypothesis considers that the same major (non-infectious) human diseases can develop according to three (or four) different models of disease formation - ecological, genetic, ontogenetic or accumulative (degenerative). The existence of these models is determined not only by the overlapping stochastic and programmed factors of aging but also by a possible role of stochastic factors in the formation of programmed processes. This role determines the rate of realization of the body development program, and, thus, the rate of aging and formation of age-associated pathology. The identification of the four models of diseases formation and, in particular, the ontogenetic model, provide additional means of forestalling aging and age-associated diseases. PMID- 6513836 TI - Outcome of neonates admitted to special care nursery, University Hospital, Kuala Lumpur: a comparison of two periods. PMID- 6513837 TI - Transcutaneous bilirubinometry in Malay, Chinese and Indian term neonates. PMID- 6513838 TI - A preliminary study on the use of counterimmunoelectrophoresis and coagglutination methods in the diagnosis of bacterial meningitis. PMID- 6513839 TI - Pharmacological evaluation of aqueous root extract of Selayak Hitam: lack of oxytocic activity. PMID- 6513841 TI - Rehabilitation of patients on recurrent haemodialysis. PMID- 6513840 TI - Pharmacological evaluation of aqueous root extract of Selayak Hitam: teratogenic and possible abortifacient effect. PMID- 6513843 TI - Vasectomy--experience in a Malaysian hospital. PMID- 6513842 TI - Hepatitis B markers in heterosexuals involved in promiscuous sexual activity. PMID- 6513844 TI - A study of triplet pregnancy--a Malaysian experience. PMID- 6513845 TI - Coital injuries: a study of three cases. PMID- 6513846 TI - Dermatitis cruris pustulosa et atrophicans: case reports. PMID- 6513847 TI - Accidental organophosphate poisoning: two case reports. PMID- 6513848 TI - Anaesthesiology in Malaysia today. PMID- 6513849 TI - Continuous brachial plexus block--regional anaesthesia for reimplantation surgery of the hand: a preliminary study. PMID- 6513850 TI - Experimental use of a free pericardial patch in the repair of a defect in the esophagus of dogs. PMID- 6513851 TI - Effect of ethanol on gastric secretion of thromboxane B2. PMID- 6513852 TI - Variations of serum prolactin levels in Malay women from premenarche to the postmenopause. PMID- 6513853 TI - Indications of temporary transvenous pacing. PMID- 6513854 TI - Soil-transmitted helminthiasis among Indian primary school children in Selangor, Malaysia. PMID- 6513855 TI - Atypical psychosis: report of two cases. PMID- 6513856 TI - Paranoid psychosis in myxoedema: a case report. PMID- 6513858 TI - Priapism--the occasional surgical emergency: a case report. PMID- 6513857 TI - Tracheoesophageal fistula (TOF)-blind pouch intubation: a case report. PMID- 6513859 TI - The Gorlin's syndrome: a case report. PMID- 6513860 TI - Statistical data 1983. Medical Examiner Division, Commonwealth of Virginia. PMID- 6513861 TI - [The importance of eye symptoms and eye conditions for the pharmacist]. PMID- 6513862 TI - [Biliary elimination of drugs in man]. PMID- 6513863 TI - [Heart insufficiency: new aspects in therapy]. PMID- 6513864 TI - Microbial findings in genital secretions from seven healthy fertile couples. AB - The bacterial genital flora in seven healthy couples was investigated three times during two consecutive menstrual cycles. From the females 53 species were cultivated and from the males 73 species. An average of 36, 24, and 25 species were isolated from cervical secretions on cycle day 7, 14, and 22, respectively. No correlation of bacteria was found between males and females investigated on the same day, arguing against a sexual exchange of the normal flora. PMID- 6513865 TI - Virus-induced immunodeficiency: antibody responsiveness of MuLV-infected spleen cells following transfer into irradiated mice. AB - Normal peritoneal macrophages can reverse, to a certain degree, the immunodeficiency caused by Friend leukemia viruses in mice. In vitro studies have shown, however, that spleen macrophages do not exert the same restorative effect. This in vivo study was designed to further analyze the restorative role of spleen macrophages in virus-induced immunodeficiency. Spleen cells from mice infected with the Friend-associated lymphatic leukemia virus (F-MuLV) were injected into lethally irradiated syngeneic hosts and immediately stimulated with antigen. Since the accessory functions of macrophages are highly resistant to ionizing radiations, the recipients were expected to provide the grafted cells with a supply of splenic accessory cells adequate to restore their immune functions. The primary antibody response of transferred cells was evaluated. Under these conditions, not only spleen macrophages but also peritoneal cells failed to restore the immune reactivity of infected cells, indicating that macrophages alone cannot overcome F-MuLV-induced immunodeficiency in irradiated hosts. Furthermore, irradiated and optimally reconstituted mice proved more susceptible than normal animals to the immunodepressive effect of the virus. These data suggest that additional mechanisms of immunosuppression may operate in irradiated mice and contribute to FLV-induced immunodeficiency. This model, however, may be a sensitive tool for investigating the subtle functional influences that certain viruses exert on the immune system. PMID- 6513866 TI - Substitution of anti-human globulin by protein A-bearing staphylococci in the detection of Brucella antibodies. AB - A coagglutination test using protein A-bearing staphylococci has been developed for the detection of Brucella antibodies. Comparing the results of a random sample of 57 sera collected from Malta fever patients, suggestive titers of 1: greater than or equal to 160 were found in 8 sera (14%) with the standard agglutination test, in 22 sera (39%) with the Coombs test, and in 23 sera (40%) with the coagglutination test. The titers in the Coombs test and the coagglutination test coincided in 54 (95%) of the 57 sera, in 3 sera (5%) the difference was no more than one dilution step. Sera from healthy subjects and patients with infections other than brucellosis showed titers up to 1:40 in all three tests. Because of its sensitivity and specificity in detecting non agglutinating antibodies, the Brucella-antibody coagglutination test may replace the Coombs test as a complementary assay to the standard agglutination. Native sera from Malta fever patients frequently show a prozone phenomenon in the standard agglutination test and a reduced agglutinate formation in both the Coombs test and the coagglutination test. The inhibitors of agglutination lattice formation are apparently serum beta-lipoproteins which become attached to the Brucella antigen and can be removed from the serum by treatment with MnCl2 heparin. PMID- 6513867 TI - [Clinico-morphological structure of superinvasive opisthorchiasis]. PMID- 6513868 TI - [Intrahepatic circulatory function in chronic opisthorchiasis of children and changes in intrahepatic blood flow during chloxyl treatment]. PMID- 6513869 TI - [Human larval paragonimiasis in the Maritime Territory]. PMID- 6513871 TI - [Effect of an Opisthorchis infestation on the course of infectious viral hepatitis]. PMID- 6513870 TI - [Effect of hymenolepiasis and enterobiasis on the course of viral (infectious) hepatitis in children]. PMID- 6513872 TI - [Experimental research on the chemoprophylaxis of opisthorchiasis using praziquantel]. PMID- 6513873 TI - [Pharmacokinetics of anti-onchocerciasis preparations. 1. Suramin in standard and decreased doses]. PMID- 6513874 TI - [Biorhythm structure of epithelial cellular renewal in the digestive organs in the chronic phase of opisthorchiasis and after worming]. PMID- 6513875 TI - [Diagnostic and treatment principles in toxoplasmosis]. PMID- 6513876 TI - [Clinical aspects and differential diagnosis of congenital toxoplasmosis]. PMID- 6513877 TI - [Mite fauna of the dust in the dwellings of bronchial asthma patients in the Lithuanian SSR]. PMID- 6513878 TI - [New data on tick-borne encephalitis in the Maritime Territory]. PMID- 6513879 TI - [Persistence of the causative agent of malaria in mosquitoes receiving sublethal doses of insecticide]. PMID- 6513880 TI - [Problems in the epidemiological prognosis of natural-focus infections]. PMID- 6513881 TI - [A rare complication of hepatic echinococcosis]. PMID- 6513882 TI - [Morpho- and pathogenesis of parasite cholangitis]. PMID- 6513885 TI - Potential problems with selective pulses in NMR imaging systems. AB - Most nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) imaging systems require pulses whose frequency spectrum is shaped so as to selectively excite a given plane in the presence of a magnetic field gradient. We demonstrate by both computer simulation and experiment that linear Fourier transform theory is not a reliable guide to the uniformity of flip angle in the slice. We show by simulation that the nonuniformity can have serious implications for the measurement of relaxation time T1 if selective 180 degrees pulses are used; the exact results depend also on the details of data analysis and criteria for adjusting the rephasing gradients. We describe an experiment and a phantom in which the axial nonuniformity can be demonstrated on clinical NMR imaging machines. PMID- 6513884 TI - The relationship between NMR spin-lattice relaxation times for human tumor tissue at 24 and 6.25 MHz. AB - The nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spin-lattice relaxation time (T1) of samples taken from human tumors was measured in vitro at Larmor frequencies of 24 and 6.25 MHz. It was found that on the average T1 at 6.25 MHz was linearly related to T1 at 24 MHz. An analogous set of measurements was performed on pieces of normal rat tissue. In this case, the relationship between T1 at the two frequencies was similar to that found for the human tumor tissue. PMID- 6513883 TI - The differential scatter-air ratio and differential backscatter factor method combined with the density scaling theorem. AB - Using the O'Connor density scaling theorem, two basic equations have been derived to express scatter dose calculations in both homogeneous and heterogeneous phantoms: (i) the differential scatter-air ratio for calculating the frontscatter, and (ii) the differential backscatter factor for calculating the backscatter. In the derivation of both equations the relative electron density along the line between the scattering element and the calculation point has been averaged to account for scatter attenuation. Each equation expresses the amount of front or backscatter at the point of calculation per unit primary dose, per unit relative electron density, per unit volume at the scattering element. Primary dose calculations in both a homogeneous and a heterogeneous phantom have been carried out using a simple exponential attenuation law. Except in the area of or near interfaces and the area around field borders where there is electron disequilibrium, satisfactory dose calculations have been obtained using the primary and scatter dose calculation procedure for experiments done with Co-60 gamma rays in homogeneous soft tissue phantoms and in heterogeneous cork and aluminum phantoms. PMID- 6513886 TI - External imaging techniques for quantitation of distribution of I-131 F(ab')2 fragments of monoclonal antibody in humans. AB - We have employed noninvasive, external counting techniques for quantitation of I 131 F(ab')2 fragment of mouse monoclonal antibody localized in metastatic lesions and surrounding liver tissue in humans. This method utilizes counts from diametrically opposed views of tumor deposits and surrounding normal tissue. Corrections were made for patient attenuation, lesion size, and surrounding tissue activity. The validity of this method was evaluated using a fillable, tissue-equivalent organ-scanning phantom with organs and tumors of selected size. Less than 10% error was found in quantitation of various activities of I-131 in a 4-cm-diam lesion. Tumor activity ranged from 0.001% to 0.018% of administered dose per cm3 of tissue compared with 0.000 12% to 0.0023% per cm3 of liver. In addition, the vascular clearance of total I-131 and protein-bound I-131 was found to follow a two-compartment model with mean half lives of 3.8 and 21.4 h for total I-131 and 3.9 and 24.4 h for protein-bound I-131. PMID- 6513887 TI - Investigation of basic imaging properties in digital radiography. 2. Noise Wiener spectrum. AB - We investigated theoretically the effects of various digital parameters, such as sampling aperture, sampling distance, number of quantization levels, and display aperture, on the noise Wiener spectrum of digital radiographic imaging systems. We also measured Wiener spectra for our digital image simulation/processing system, and the results agreed well with the theoretical predictions. Aliasing, which is an artifact caused by undersampling, and the use of a limited number of quantization levels were found to increase the Wiener spectrum for digital systems. The effects of image processing, including unsharp mask filtering, integration, and subtraction, on the Wiener spectrum were also demonstrated. Since noise influences the detectability of radiologic objects and thus diagnostic accuracy, knowledge of the effects of the various digital parameters on the noise spectrum will be useful in the evaluation and design of future digital imaging systems. PMID- 6513888 TI - Theoretical and experimental investigation of dose enhancement due to charge storage in electron-irradiated phantoms. AB - Recent measurements have shown that significant errors in radiation dosimetry can arise by the use of insulating plastic phantoms which have been exposed to electron beams. The effect has been attributed to the generation of large electric fields in the phantom by charge storage causing alteration of electron trajectories and an increase in the measured dose. In this report, we examine this hypothesis theoretically by calculating the change in response to radiation of an ion chamber in a cylindrical cavity in an electron-irradiated polymethylmethacrylate phantom. The electric field distribution is determined using a model which allows for charge leakage by radiation-induced conductivity, and the dose in the cavity is determined by a Monte Carlo simulation using the EGS (electron gamma shower) code modified to account for electron trajectories in the electric field. The theoretical results are shown to agree well with new and previously published experimental dose enhancement data. The agreement is taken as confirmation of the reported explanation of the effect. The use of conducting phantoms in radiation dosimetry is advocated. PMID- 6513889 TI - Beam quality independent attenuation phantom for estimating patient exposure from x-ray automatic exposure controlled chest examinations. AB - The periodic assessment of exposures in diagnostic radiology is an important part of a comprehensive quality assurance program. The most frequent radiologic examination conducted in the United States is chest radiography. Automatic exposure controlled (AEC) techniques are often used for this exam, and a standard patient-equivalent chest phantom is useful when estimating patient exposures on such systems. This is of particular importance if exposures are to be compared among AEC systems with different entrance x-ray spectra. Such a phantom has been developed to facilitate surveys of the average patient exposure from AEC posteroanterior chest radiography. The phantom is relatively lightweight and easily transportable, sturdy and made of readily available and relatively inexpensive materials (Lucite and aluminum). It accurately simulates the primary and scatter transmission through the lung-field regions of a patient-equivalent anthropomorphic phantom for x-ray spectra typically used in chest radiography. A clinical evaluation has been conducted to verify the patient equivalence of the phantom. Measurements of patient entrance skin exposure were obtained for a large number of patients on a variety of x-ray systems operated in the AEC mode using one or both lung-field detectors. Comparison of these data with exposure estimates derived from the phantom indicate that the phantom attenuates the x-ray beam in such a way that it can be employed to accurately and consistently estimate the mean exposure of the average patient under a variety of radiographic conditions. The design, development, and evaluation of the patient-equivalent attenuation phantom is described. PMID- 6513890 TI - Determining Pion, the correction factor for recombination losses in an ionization chamber. AB - The 1983 AAPM protocol for the determination of absorbed dose from high-energy photon and electron beams recommends using Pion (the reciprocal of collection efficiency), as determined by the two-voltage technique, to correct for recombination losses in ionization chambers. Methods and data for the determination of ionization chamber collection efficiencies are scattered throughout the literature. The present work consolidates the available information, rectifies certain omissions, and provides several convenient and readily implemented methods for determining Pion. Computer programs, quadratic approximations, and data tables are presented to facilitate the determination of Pion for continuous, pulsed, and pulsed-swept beams. PMID- 6513892 TI - A new radiation dosimeter using a pyroelectric detector. AB - We describe a new type of radiation dosimeter, for the diagnostic x-ray region, using a pyroelectric detector. It consists of a PZT ceramic crystal thick enough to absorb all the incident radiation at 33 keV. This pyroelectric radiation dosimeter (PERD) produces an electrical signal when exposed to a chopped beam of x-ray photons. The PERD is basically a microcalorimeter. It has the following characteristics: (1) it responds linearly to the energy fluence rate of the radiation; (2) it responds linearly to the radiation intensity for a given radiation spectrum; (3) it has excellent stability; (4) it is simple to construct and inexpensive; and (5) it is rugged. PMID- 6513891 TI - Response of LiF powder to 125I photons. AB - 125I seeds are being used to treat a variety of diseases, including brain tumors. However, the uncertainty in the energy response of LiF for 125I photons relative to megavoltage radiation limits the accuracy of dosimetry with this material. An array of 12 40-mCi 125I seeds was used to irradiate LiF powder in throwaway capsules, and an ion chamber was used to measure the absorbed dose. A comparison of the response of these LiF dosimeters with the response of capsules given a similar dose of 60Co radiation has yielded values of 1.39 +/- 0.03 (dose to water) and 1.32 +/- 0.03 (dose to muscle) for the LiF response for 125I relative to that for 60Co. Details of the procedure and sources of uncertainty are discussed. PMID- 6513894 TI - Comments on the transfer of absorbed dose from plastic to water in electron beams. PMID- 6513893 TI - Comments on the method of energy determination for electron beams in the TG-21 protocol. PMID- 6513895 TI - [Hepatitis B in childhood]. PMID- 6513896 TI - [Phototherapy in neonatal hyperbilirubinemia and evaluation of T3, T4 and TSH]. PMID- 6513897 TI - [Phosphorus depletion in 2 very-low-birth-weight premature infants fed human milk. A new cause of hypercalcemia?]. PMID- 6513898 TI - [Congenital breast diseases in the newborn. Critical review of our experiences in 208 cases. II. Analysis of case records and clinico-diagnostic and therapeutic considerations]. PMID- 6513899 TI - [Colitis associated with giardiasis. Description of 2 cases]. PMID- 6513900 TI - [Sirenoid syndrome. Description of a case]. PMID- 6513901 TI - [Pevaryl milk in the treatment of mycoses in children. Multicenter clinical research]. PMID- 6513902 TI - [Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome. Description of a case diagnosed at the age of 2 months and followed in the 1st year of life]. PMID- 6513903 TI - [The empty sella in children. Clinical, diagnostic and therapeutic aspects]. PMID- 6513904 TI - [Geo-climatic environment and allergic sensitization. Epidemiological study in 2 schoolchild populations in Tuscany]. PMID- 6513905 TI - [Epidemiologic study on very low weight newborn infants (750-1499 g.) in the Friuli-Venezia Giulia Region. I. Neonatal mortality]. PMID- 6513906 TI - [Epidemiologic study on very low weight newborn infants (750-1499 g.) in the Friuli-Venezia Giulia Region. II. Neonatal morbidity]. PMID- 6513907 TI - [Changes in water-salt metabolism during chronic treatment with phenobarbital]. PMID- 6513908 TI - [Relational aspects in the care of very low weight newborn infants]. PMID- 6513909 TI - Review of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo. PMID- 6513910 TI - Theophylline toxicity. PMID- 6513911 TI - Pneumomediastinum: pitfalls in diagnosis and management. PMID- 6513912 TI - Health care of Indochinese refugees. PMID- 6513913 TI - Alcohol-related acute atrial fibrillation. PMID- 6513914 TI - Lack of relationship between pernicious anemia and stomach cancer. PMID- 6513915 TI - Respiratory failure in a 32-year-old farmer due to nitrous dioxide exposure. PMID- 6513916 TI - NAME syndrome (nevi, atrial myxoma, myxoid neurofibroma, ephelides): a new and unrecognized subset of patients with cardiac myxoma. PMID- 6513917 TI - [Ovarian pregnancy with suggested diagnostic criteria. Case report]. PMID- 6513918 TI - Maternal mortality in Missouri (1976-1980). An update: assessment of changing etiology. PMID- 6513919 TI - Intracoronary streptokinase infusion in patients with acute myocardial infarction. PMID- 6513920 TI - Use of a cell cycle mutant to delineate the critical period for the control of histone mRNA levels in the mammalian cell cycle. AB - Temporal analysis of DNA replication and histone mRNA accumulation in a hamster fibroblast cell cycle mutant (K12) showed that histone mRNA accumulates periodically during the cell cycle and reaches its highest level in the S phase. The direct correlation between the initiation of DNA synthesis and the accumulation of histone mRNA to high levels in S phase demonstrated the strict interdependence of these two events. Moreover, a critical period necessary for histone mRNA accumulation occurred late in G1 phase. If cells were incubated at the nonpermissive temperature during this critical period, the amount of histone mRNA remained at the basal level. Transcription rate measurements indicated that the triggering of histone mRNA synthesis occurred in late G1 and this mRNA was synthesized at its maximal rate 3 to 5 h before its peak of accumulation. However, if cells were prohibited from synthesizing DNA as a consequence of the temperature-sensitive block in G1, the synthesis of histone mRNA was not initiated. PMID- 6513921 TI - Number and organization of collagen genes in Caenorhabditis elegans. AB - We analyzed the number and organization of collagen genes in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Genomic Southern blot hybridization experiments and recombinant phage library screenings indicated that C. elegans has between 40 and 150 distinct collagen genes. A large number of recombinant phages containing collagen genes were isolated from C. elegans DNA libraries. Physical mapping studies indicated that most phage contained a single small collagen gene less than 3 kilobases in size. A few phage contained multiple collagen hybridizing regions and may contain a larger collagen gene or several tightly linked small collagen genes. No overlaps were observed between phages containing different collagen genes, implying that the genes are dispersed in the C. elegans genome. Consistent with the small size of most collagen genes, we found that the predominant class of collagen mRNA in C. elegans is 1.2 to 1.4 kilobases in length. Genomic Southern blot experiments under stringent hybridization conditions revealed considerable sequence diversity among collagen genes. Our data suggest that most collagen genes are unique or are present in only a few copies. PMID- 6513922 TI - Immunological and genetic characterization of 2-deoxygalactose-resistant, galactokinase-deficient mutants of Chinese hamster cells: evidence for structural mutations at the galK locus. AB - Ten independent mutants resistant to 2-deoxygalactose and without any detectable galactokinase activity (null-galactokinase mutations) were isolated from mutagenized Chinese hamster somatic cells. They were analyzed for the presence of serologically cross-reacting material (CRM) with antiserum generated against highly purified Chinese hamster galactokinase. All 10 mutants contain cross reacting material (i.e., were CRM+), indicating that all the mutations affect the correct expression of a product of the galactokinase structural gene. Complementation analysis among them shows that the 10 mutations fall in one functional genetic unit. PMID- 6513923 TI - Post-transcriptional regulation of the abundance of mRNAs encoding alpha-tubulin and a 94,000-dalton protein in teratocarcinoma-derived stem cells versus differentiated cells. AB - Changes in the expression of the genes encoding alpha-tubulin and a 94,000-dalton protein (p94) specified by a cDNA clone, p4-30, were examined in a differentiated teratocarcinoma-derived parietal endoderm cell line, PYS-2, and an undifferentiated teratocarcinoma stem cell line, F9. Relative to other proteins or mRNA species, the synthesis rate of the alpha-tubulins and of p94, as well as the levels of their corresponding cytoplasmic mRNAs, were lower in PYS-2 than in F9 cells. The decrease was greater for the relative abundance of cytoplasmic alpha-tubulin mRNA than for p94 mRNA. Similarly, induction of differentiation of F9 cells by simultaneous exposure to retinoic acid (RA) and dibutyryl cyclic AMP resulted in reduced relative levels of the cytoplasmic mRNAs for these proteins. The reduction in abundance of the two RNA species was not due to a decrease in growth rate since the differentiated cells, PYS-2, RA-treated F9, and RA plus dibutyryl cyclic AMP-treated F9 cells, grew at a rate similar to that of undifferentiated F9 cells. However, induction of differentiation of F9 cells by treatment with RA alone did not cause down-regulation of the two RNA species. The relative levels of total cellular RNA encoding alpha-tubulin and p94 in PYS-2 cells were also lower than those in F9 cells to an extent comparable to the decrease in the cytoplasmic RNAs. Since the apparent relative rates of RNA transcription were similar in both cell types, we conclude that the reduction in relative levels of the alpha-tubulin and p94 RNAs in the cell depends largely on the relative stability of the two RNAs and not on the relative rates of transcription. The faster disappearance of the two RNA species relative to other cellular RNAs from actinomycin D-treated PYS-2 compared with F9 cells is consistent with this interpretation. PMID- 6513924 TI - Heat shock-induced translational control of HSP70 and globin synthesis in chicken reticulocytes. AB - Incubation of chicken reticulocytes at elevated temperatures (43 to 45 degrees C) resulted in a rapid change in the pattern of protein synthesis, characterized by the decreased synthesis of normal proteins, e.g., alpha and beta globin, and the preferential and increased synthesis of only one heat shock protein, HSP70. The repression of globin synthesis was not due to modifications of globin mRNA because the level of globin mRNA and its ability to be translated in vitro were unaffected. The HSP70 gene in reticulocytes was transcribed in non-heat-shocked cells, yet HSP70 was not efficiently translated until the cells had been heat shocked. In non-heat-shocked reticulocytes, HSP70 mRNA was a moderately abundant mRNA present at 1 to 2% of the level of globin mRNA. The rapid 20-fold increase in the synthesis of HSP70 after heat shock was not accompanied by a corresponding increase in the rate of transcription of the HSP70 gene or accumulation of HSP70 mRNA. These results suggest that the elevated synthesis of HSP70 is due to the preferential utilization of HSP70 mRNA in the heat-shocked reticulocyte. The heat shock-induced alterations in the reticulocyte protein-synthetic apparatus were not reversible. Upon return to control temperatures (37 degrees C), heat-shocked reticulocytes continued to synthesize HSP70 at elevated levels whereas globin synthesis continued to be repressed. Despite the presence of HSP70 mRNA in non heat-shocked reticulocytes, we found that continued transcription was necessary for the preferential translation of HSP70 in heat-shocked cells. Preincubation of reticulocytes with the transcription inhibitor actinomycin D or 5,6-dichloro-1 beta-D-ribofuranosylbenzimidazole blocked the heat shock-induced synthesis of HSP70. Because the level of HSP70 mRNA was only slightly diminished in cells treated with actinomycin D, we suggest two possible mechanisms for the preferential translation of HSP70 mRNA: the translation of only newly transcribed HSP70 mRNA or the requirement of a newly transcribed RNA-containing factor. PMID- 6513925 TI - Replication of DNA containing 5-bromouracil can be mutagenic in Syrian hamster cells. AB - A new protocol for inducing mutations in mammalian cells in culture by exposure to the thymidine analog 5-bromodeoxyuridine (BrdUrd) was established. This protocol, called "DNA-dependent" mutagenesis, involved the incorporation of BrdUrd into DNA under nonmutagenic conditions and the subsequent replication of the 5-bromouracil (BrUra)-containing DNA under mutagenic conditions but with no BrdUrd present in the culture medium. The mutagenic conditions were induced by allowing BrUra-containing DNA to replicate in the presence of high concentrations of thymidine. This generated high intracellular levels of dTTP and dGTP, causing nucleotide pool imbalance. The mutagenesis induced by this protocol was found to correlate with the level of BrUra substituted for thymine in DNA. PMID- 6513926 TI - Proteins encoded by the human c-myc oncogene: differential expression in neoplastic cells. AB - To examine myc protein products in the wide variety of human tumor cells having alterations of the c-myc locus, we have prepared an antiserum against a synthetic peptide corresponding to the predicted C-terminal sequence of the human c-myc protein. This antiserum (anti-hu-myc 12C) specifically precipitated two proteins of 64 and 67 kilodaltons in quantities ranging from low levels in normal fibroblasts to 10-fold-higher levels in Epstein-Barr virus-immortalized and Burkitt's lymphoma cell lines, to 20- to 60-fold-higher levels in cell lines having amplified c-myc. The p64 and p67 proteins were found to be highly related by partial V8 proteolytic mapping, and both were demonstrated to be encoded by the c-myc oncogene, using hybrid-selected translation of myc-specific RNA. In addition, the p64 protein was specifically precipitated from cells transfected with a translocated c-myc gene. Both p64 and p67 were found to be nuclear phosphoproteins with extremely short half-lives. In tumor cell lines having alterations at the c-myc locus due to amplification or translocation, we observed a significant change in the expression of p64 relative to p67 when compared with normal or Epstein-Bar virus-immortalized cells. PMID- 6513929 TI - Molecular cloning and chromosomal assignment of the human homolog of int-1, a mouse gene implicated in mammary tumorigenesis. AB - Viral mammary tumorigenesis in mice is frequently initiated by proviral activation of a highly conserved cellular gene called int-1. We have cloned the human homolog of this putative mammary oncogene and compared its structure to that of the mouse gene by heteroduplex analysis. The human int-1 gene was localized on chromosome 12 by use of somatic cell hybrids. PMID- 6513928 TI - Characterization of the expressed gene and several processed pseudogenes for the mouse ribosomal protein L30 gene family. AB - Five cloned genes encoding the mouse ribosomal protein L30 were isolated from a recombinant DNA library and characterized by restriction mapping and nucleotide sequence analysis. Only one of these genes has introns and is expressed; the others are inactive processed pseudogenes. The expressed gene consists of five exons and four introns spanning 2,723 nucleotides. Transcripts of this gene are processed into the mature L30 mRNA by pathways that exhibit both constraints and flexibility with regard to the order of intron excision. The L30 mRNA which is 457 to 468 nucleotides in length excluding the polyadenylic acid tail, exhibits some microheterogeneity at its 3' end and encodes a basic protein of 115 amino acids. The 5' portion of the rpL30 gene has some novel features which are remarkably similar to the previously characterized mouse rpL32 gene. These include homologous sequences in the -60 to -340 region, the absence of a good TATA consensus sequence, and the presence of a palindromic pyrimidine sequence that spans the cap site. PMID- 6513927 TI - Isolation and characterization of six different chicken actin genes. AB - Genes representing six different actin isoforms were isolated from a chicken genomic library. Cloned actin cDNAs as well as tissue-specific mRNAs enriched in different actin species were used as hybridization probes to group individual actin genomic clones by their relative thermal stability. Restriction maps showed that these actin genes were derived from separate and nonoverlapping regions of genomic DNA. Of the six isolated genes, five included sequences from both the 5' and 3' ends of the actin-coding area. Amino acid sequence analysis from both the NH2- and COOH-terminal regions provided for the unequivocal identification of these genes. The striated isoforms were represented by the isolated alpha skeletal, alpha-cardiac, and alpha-smooth muscle actin genes. The nonmuscle isoforms included the beta-cytoplasmic actin gene and an actin gene fragment which lacked the 5' coding and flanking sequence; presumably, this region of DNA was removed from this gene during construction of the genomic library. Unexpectedly, a third nonmuscle chicken actin gene was found which resembled the amphibian type 5 actin isoform (J. Vandekerckhove, W. W. Franke, and K. Weber, J. Mol. Biol., 152:413-426). This nonmuscle actin type has not been previously detected in warm-blooded vertebrates. We showed that interspersed, repeated DNA sequences closely flanked the alpha-skeletal, alpha-cardiac, beta-, and type 5 like actin genes. The repeated DNA sequences which surround the alpha-skeletal actin-coding regions were not related to repetitious DNA located on the other actin genes. Analysis of genomic DNA blots showed that the chicken actin multigene family was represented by 8 to 10 separate coding loci. The six isolated actin genes corresponded to 7 of 11 genomic EcoRI fragments. Only the alpha-smooth muscle actin gene was shown to be split by an EcoRI site. Thus, in the chicken genome each actin isoform appeared to be encoded by a single gene. PMID- 6513930 TI - Transcriptional regulation of a tumor promoter and mitogen-inducible gene in human lymphocytes. AB - Tumor-promoting phorbol esters affect a variety of cellular functions which may underlie tumor promotion. We isolated from human lymphocytes a cDNA clone whose gene is inducible by the phorbol ester 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate as well as by the T-cell mitogen phytohemagglutinin. Nuclear transcription experiments suggested that this induction is primarily caused by the increased transcription of the gene. It is interesting that this gene is expressed constitutively in human T-cell leukemia virus-infected mature T cells. The results support the notion that 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate can affect cellular functions by causing transcriptional activation of specific genes. PMID- 6513932 TI - Sequence organization of a pea chloroplast DNA gene coding for a 34,500-dalton protein. AB - A gene (PGII), which codes for a 34.5-kilodalton protein, has been isolated and cloned from pea chloroplast DNA. The production of its 1.2-kilobase mRNA is photodependent. The direction of transcription has been determined, the site of initiation of transcription has been found, and an in vitro protein product has been produced. The gene, including the 5' and 3'-flanking regions, has been sequenced. It shows ca. 95% homology to the photosystem II thylakoid membrane protein, photogene 32, from spinach and tobacco. There are no intervening sequences. The 5'-flanking region suggests similarities with Escherichia coli promoters. The 5'-flanking region is remarkably conserved among pea, spinach, and tobacco DNA. PMID- 6513931 TI - Xenopus fibrinogen: characterization of the mRNAs for the three subunits. AB - We purified and characterized the mRNAs coding for each of the three subunits of Xenopus fibrinogen. Purification was accomplished by electrophoretic separation of liver polyadenylated RNA in a fully denaturing gel, followed by recovery of the RNA from the gel via transfer to an ion-exchange membrane. This procedure yielded fractions which were highly enriched for the mRNAs for each of the fibrinogen chains. The fibrinogen mRNAs were identified by two methods: (i) in vitro translation followed by subunit-specific cleavage with the proteases thrombin and batroxobin; and (ii) cross-hybridization with cDNA clones for individual subunits of rat fibrinogen. The results demonstrate that the A alpha and gamma chains of frog fibrinogen are each coded by a single mRNA species. The A alpha mRNA is ca. 3,100 nucleotides in length, which is nearly twice the minimum size required to code for the A alpha precursor polypeptide. The gamma chain mRNA comprises about 1,600 bases and includes only a small untranslated region. In contrast, the B beta subunit is synthesized from two mRNAs, one of which is 2,500 and the other 1,800 nucleotides long. The 2,500-base mRNA includes a large noncoding region, whereas the smaller one is near the minimum required size. The larger B beta mRNA is ca, fivefold more abundant that the smaller species. PMID- 6513933 TI - Restriction in IgM expression--VI. Affinity analysis of monoclonal anti-dansyl antibodies. AB - Affinity restriction in the IgM response to the 5-dimethylaminonaphthalene-1 sulfonyl (dansyl) group was studied with 56 monoclonal IgG and IgM affinity purified antibodies. These were generated by immunization with dansyl-Ficoll or dansyl-B gamma G. Association constants for N epsilon-dansyl-lysine were determined by fluorescence titration based on resonance energy transfer. The antibodies were also characterized with respect to the emission maximum of the antibody-ligand complex. The distribution of binding constants covered a 100,000 fold range, demonstrating thereby a restriction in IgM affinity relative to IgG affinity. In the secondary response the IgG affinity exhibited a ceiling of about 1 X 10(10) M-1, a value in accord with the size and hydrophobic nature of the dansyl group. In the case of IgM, with one exception, the value of 1 X 10(7) M-1 was not exceeded with IgM antibodies isolated from 28 hybridomas. This system, therefore, provides further evidence for the restriction in expression of IgM as a general feature of the immune response. PMID- 6513934 TI - A comparison of antibody concentration measured by mouse protection assay and radioimmunoassay in sera from patients at high risk of developing pneumococcal disease. AB - The radioimmunoassay (RIA) of pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide antibodies is dependent on the association of radiolabeled antigen and pneumococcal antibody. However, it is not known whether the ability of the antibody to complex with antigen correlates with in vivo protection against infection. A method for evaluating protective ability of antibody vis-a-vis binding ability is to passively transfer a measured quantity of antibody into recipient mice followed by a lethal challenge with virulent pneumococci. Protection against a fatal outcome is then correlated with the amount of antibody (as measured by RIA) passively transferred. This comparison of quantitation by RIA and biological protection in mice was performed on 30 sera from humans. The sera were obtained from vaccinated healthy persons and vaccinated persons at high risk of developing pneumococcal infection, including people with nephrotic syndrome, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and various forms of cancer. The results of these studies indicate that antibody as measured by RIA correlates with protective antibody against pneumococcal infection. These studies were conducted on pneumococcal serotype 3. PMID- 6513935 TI - Blood group specific oligosaccharides from faeces of a blood group A breast-fed infant. AB - Four different oligosaccharides were isolated from faeces collected from a blood group A, secretor, breast-fed infant. Three of these, GalNAc alpha 1-3[Fuc alpha 1-2]Gal beta 1-4Glc (A-tetrasaccharide), GalNAc alpha 1-3[Fuc alpha 1-2]Gal beta 1-4[Fuc alpha 1-3]Glc (A-pentasaccharide) and 1-3[Fuc alpha 1-4]GlcNAc beta 1 3Gal beta 1-4Glc (A-heptasaccharide) have previously found in urine, whereas GalNAc alpha 1-3[Fuc alpha 1-2]Gal beta 1-3GlcNAc beta 1-3Gal beta 1-4Glc (A hexasaccharide) is a new compound. Structures were deduced by mass spectrometry of permethylated and N-trifluoroacetylated oligosaccharide alditols. The latter gave more structural information than the corresponding N-acetyl derivatives. The four oligosaccharides were tested for blood group A activity and all were found to inhibit the binding of anti-A antibody to blood group A substance. PMID- 6513936 TI - [Lobar emphysema]. AB - The lobes most commonly affected are the left upper and the right middle lobes. The classical sign of respiratory distress is mainly found within the first two months of life. In 14 infants the diagnosis was confirmed by microscopic examination, 13 were treated by surgery and 4 infants, who had associated serious malformations or complications, died. In most cases hypoplastic bronchial cartilage of the concerned bronchi was seen, in some cases a stenosis of the lobar bronchi. It is of great importance to establish the diagnosis as soon as possible. The lobectomy is recommended if the respiratory or cardial failure is worsening despite artificial ventilation. PMID- 6513937 TI - [5-day seizures of the newborn infant. A new disease picture]. AB - A new syndrome of neonatal seizures is described observed in 18 apparently healthy newborns. Multifocal fits began at about the 5th. day of life, and generally lasted for 1-2 days. No particular complications of pregnancy or delivery were noted and no cause for the seizures were found. After discharge no further seizures were observed. The long-term prognosis seems to be favorable. According to nearly identical observations in France and Australia the term "fifth-day-fits of the newborn" is suggested. The diagnostic criteria and therapeutical suggestions are discussed. PMID- 6513938 TI - [Scintigraphic diagnosis of multiple pheochromocytomas in childhood with 131I-m benzylguanidine]. AB - Scintigraphy with 131I-m-BG was used in 4 children with a history of multiple pheochromocytomas in order to localize further catecholamine-producing tumors prior to surgery. We overlook 7 scintigraphies without any side effect. Phenoxybenzamine did not interfere with tracer uptake into tumors. Scintigraphic localization of even smallest extra-adrenal tumors was successful in all cases. In most cases we were dealing with benign pheochromocytomas, but also a ganglioneuroma and metastases of a malignant pheochromocytoma could be revealed. Scintigraphy is a reliable technique for tracing pheochromocytomas and catecholamine-producing ganglioneuromas. It seems to be superior to other non invasive techniques, furthermore, invasive techniques bearing higher risks may be suspended. PMID- 6513939 TI - [Phenotype of trisomy 9]. AB - A male infant with multiple malformations (cleft lip und palate, contractures of joints, aplasias and dysplasias of fingers and toes), antenatal and postnatal dystrophy and severe retardation of psychomotor development as features of trisomy 9 is described. The phenotype of this rare chromosomal aberration is summarized from 20 cases published since 1973. PMID- 6513940 TI - [Stomach rupture as a sequela of child abuse]. AB - Rupture of the stomach was found in a case of child-battering. The victim, a 10 month-old boy was injured by his father, a U.S. soldier. The traumatic mechanism is discussed. PMID- 6513941 TI - [Computer-assisted monitoring in intensive care]. AB - Computerized intensive care in children and infants is possible. But it requires: 1. a modification and extension of the commercially available soft-ware, 2. a sampling rate of 2 values/min or more [7,8] and 3. the noninvasive measurement of the parameters, especially for long-time recordings. - The graphical presentation of the parameters for a longer time shows typical patterns, which lead to an earlier recognition of critical situations. Thus earlier therapy becomes possible. Other characteristic patterns no doubt will be discovered by further research. PMID- 6513942 TI - [Residues and pollutants in breast milk]. PMID- 6513943 TI - [Behavior therapy in pediatrics]. AB - 30-40% of children presented to pediatricians are afflicted with psychophysiological, behavioral and learning disorders. The child behavior therapy is an empirical approach of understanding and treating these complaints. Many tables and examples demonstrate the basics of learning theory as well as behavior therapy methods derived from behavior analysis. The review closes by reporting the hypothetical issues and objects of behavior therapy und its significance for pediatrics. The bibliography refer to recent trends of child behavior therapy. PMID- 6513944 TI - [Determination of gentamycin levels in capillary blood]. AB - Gentamycin serum levels were determined in capillary and venous blood samples of 37 children of different ages using the Immuno-Assay-Merckotest - EMIT. 97 specimens were compared with each other. Gentamycin concentrations in capillary blood were insignificantly lower than those determined in venous blood samples. There was no correlation between the hematocrit and the peak concentration of Gentamycin. PMID- 6513945 TI - [Sonographic characteristics of the Arnold-Chiari syndrome and hydrocephalus in children with meningomyelocele]. AB - 22 children with myelomeningocele had serial examination by gray scale ultrasonography through the open fontanelle as an acoustic window. 18 children (82%) developed a progressive hydrocephalus and were eventually shunted. In 18 children the hydrocephalus was caused by an Arnold-Chiari-II-malformation with the sonografic signs of a caudal displacement of the dysplastic cerebellum, brainstem, 4th ventricle and cisterna magna. The forth ventricle was elongated and flattened in all babies with Arnold-Chiari-syndrome. The cisterna magna was not visible in any child. The Arnold-Chiari-II-malformation caused an occlusive hydrocephalus which was characterized by the dilatation of the occipital horns (91%) and frontal horns (86%) of the side ventricles, whereas the temporal horns were normal in size (86%). The dysplastic 3. ventricle was displaced caudally and ventrally and showed a prominent suprapineal recess in 41%. Associated malformations of the brain were a large massa intermedia (55%), a prominent plexus choriodeus (50%) and agenesia (36%) or fenestration (9%) of the septum pellucidum. Gray scale ultrasonography is the best method not only for early diagnosis of Arnold-Chiari-malformation and resulting hydrocephalus in infants but also for further controls after shunt implantation, especially for early detection of shunt complications and shunt insufficiency. PMID- 6513946 TI - [Determination of free thyroxine (FT4) for the detection of connatal hypothyroidism within the scope of neonatal screening]. AB - Using the reagents of a commercially available test kit (Henning, Berlin) for the determination of free thyroxin (FT4) in serum we developed a radio immuno assay procedure to measure FT4 in whole dried blood on filter paper. The inter assay coefficient of variation was 19.1%, 10.7%, and 11.0% for the hypo-, normo-or hyperthyroid range for whole blood on filter paper. The corresponding within assay values were 7.0, 10.3, and 5.3% respectively. In 15,793 samples of dried blood on filter paper which were collected on the 5th or 6th day of life for the screening of inborn errors of metabolism or hypothyroidism FT4 was measured in addition to our routine determination of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH). The mean concentration of FT4 was 20 to 22 pg/ml. 97,8% of all results were found between 10 and 35 pg/ml. Connatal hypothyroidism was confirmed clinically in 5 children showing FT4-values of 3.5, less than 2.0, less than 2.0, 3.4, and 6.2 pg/ml. The corresponding TSH-values were greater than 224, greater than 224, 99, 203, and 129 microU/ml. To make sure that a sufficient amount of blood had been eluted from the filter paper we measured the concentration of hemoglobin as an additional parameter. Low FT4 together with low hemoglobin concentrations were obtained in 18 samples indicating that a mismeasurement of FT4 might have occurred. We suggest that the determination of TSH in doublicates, which is the routine screening procedure in West Germany might be replaced by a combined determination of FT4 and TSH. PMID- 6513947 TI - [Initiation of treatment following screening for phenylketonuria]. AB - The newborn screening for PKU is widely established in the F.R.G since 1969. Apart from the quality of dietary control, the age at starting therapy seems to be of high importance for the normal development of these patients. Therefore, the steps from first recording of an elevated Phe level until the beginning of treatment are listed and both, the optimal and the usual time procedure --that is without errors or mishaps--are described. The data of the PKU-Collaborative Study serve to exemplify these courses of events. Reasons for delay are discussed und suggestions for its avoidance are made. PMID- 6513948 TI - [Familial Mediterranean fever]. AB - After 10 years of disease a Turkish boy and his sister were diagnosed to suffer from familial Mediterranean fever. Because an elder brother showed the symptoms of recurrent attacks of fever, abdominal pain, arthralgias and nephrotic syndrome due to amyloidosis. When these symptoms occur in residents of the Mediterranean area, the diagnosis "Familial Mediterranean Fever" has to be taken into account. PMID- 6513949 TI - [Protein-losing enteropathy following Fontan operation for a complex heart defect]. AB - A 12 year old boy developed protein losing enteropathy 6 months after surgery for a severe cardiac malformation complex by a modified Fontan procedure. Gastrointestinal protein loss was due to sustained venous pressure elevation. Conservative therapy with diet, diuretics and albumininfusions remained ineffective. The patient died from right atrial and pulmonary thrombembolism 10 months after surgery. PMID- 6513950 TI - [Preventive vaccinations. Need, effects/side effects, vaccination politics]. PMID- 6513951 TI - [Chronic active giant cell hepatitis in a young adult]. PMID- 6513952 TI - [Hypertrophic scar and keloid. I. Etiology, pathogenesis, pathology]. PMID- 6513953 TI - [Hypertrophic scar and keloid. II. Light and electron microscopy studies]. PMID- 6513954 TI - [Scanning electron microscopy of muscles after tenotomy]. PMID- 6513956 TI - [Diagnostic value of cytologic studies by fine needle aspiration in thyroid changes]. PMID- 6513955 TI - [Light and electron microscopic study of the buccogingival mucosa from human fetuses]. PMID- 6513957 TI - [Experience with aspiration cytology examinations of the thyroid gland]. PMID- 6513958 TI - [Forensic-toxicologic importance of the detection of active ingredients of drugs in human bone remains]. PMID- 6513959 TI - [Anthracosilicosis manifested in the liver]. PMID- 6513960 TI - [Detection of lithium in bone tissue]. PMID- 6513961 TI - The synaptonemal complexes of Caenorhabditis elegans: pachytene karyotype analysis of the rad-4 radiation-sensitive mutant. AB - In the rad-4 mutant of C. elegans there is a specific increase in the number of 'Disjunction Regulator Regions' (DDR) present on the synaptonemal complexes (SC) in pachytene nuclei. These DRRs either promote disjunction or inhibit nondisjunction of the X-chromosome as evidenced by the 10-fold decrease in the rate of X-chromosome nondisjunction as compared to the wild-type. The structure of the tripartite SC is normal, thus, the decrease in the rate of X-chromosome nondisjunction in the rad-4 mutant is not related to the structure of the SC but may be related to the number of DRRs. Other changes are also associated with the sensitivity to irradiation, i.e. the pachytene nuclear morphology is altered such that nuclei and nucleoli are 50% the size of wild-type. In addition, the autosomal: X-chromosome size ratio is reduced in the rad-4 mutant. That there are six SCs confirms n = 6 in this mutant and of these six SCs three can be identified: (1) the XX bivalent, SC No. 1, is the shortest and pairs synchronously with the autosomes; (2) the longest bivalent, SC No. 6, carries the nucleolar organizer region at one extreme end; and (3) SC No. 5 has two DRRs located approximately one micron apart from each other. PMID- 6513962 TI - A quantitative analysis of the cytotoxic action of chemical mutagens. AB - A quantitative hypothesis is developed to explain the cytotoxic action of chemical mutagens on eukaryotic cells. The hypothesis forms an extrapolation of previously developed concepts used to explain the effect of ionizing radiation and the cytotoxic action of UV light. The crucial potentially lethal lesion is assumed to be a DNA double-strand lesion which may be an interstrand cross-link or a pair of DNA single-strand alkylations, for example. The effect of repair processes is included in the analytical equation derived to describe cell survival. The analysis of several sets of cell survival data for different chemical mutagens is used to demonstrate the applicability of the hypothesis. The logical extension of the hypothesis permits a division of chemical mutagens into 4 separate classes on the basis of the mechanisms proposed for the cytotoxic activity, and the relative importance of the risk associated with low-level exposure to each class is discussed. The hypothesis is amenable to further experimental verification. PMID- 6513963 TI - The relationship between the levels of DNA-hydrocarbon adducts and the formation of sister-chromatid exchanges in Chinese hamster ovary cells treated with derivatives of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. AB - The frequencies of the induction of sister-chromatid exchanges and the levels of deoxyribonucleoside-hydrocarbon adducts formed in Chinese hamster ovary cells that had been treated with either dihydrodiols or a diol-epoxide derived from polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were determined. Up to 6-fold increases in the incidence of these exchanges were observed when the cells were treated either with the dihydrodiols, trans-3,4-dihydro-3,4-dihydroxy-7 methylbenz[alpha]anthracene, trans-7,8-dihydro-7,8-dihydroxybenzo[alpha]pyrene or the diol-epoxide, (+/-)-r-7, t-8-dihydroxy-t-9,10-oxy-7,8,9,10 tetrahydrobenzo[alpha]pyrene but when the cells were transferred to media free of these compounds, there were rapid reductions in the frequency of these exchanges. When the exchanges were induced by the diol-epoxide, the decreases in frequency were paralleled by decreases in the levels of deoxyribonucleoside-diol-epoxide adducts that were present in hydrolysates of DNA isolated from the cells. There thus appears to be a close relationship between the frequency of sister-chromatid exchanges and the levels of deoxyribonucleoside-diol-epoxide adduct formation. PMID- 6513964 TI - Delta-ray-induced reciprocal translocations in spermatogonia of the crab-eating monkey (Macaca fascicularis). AB - The yield of translocations induced by delta-rays in the crab-eating monkey (Macaca fascicularis) spermatogonia were studied by cytological analysis in spermatocytes derived from them. The frequencies of translocations were 0.09% at 0 Gy, 1.9% at 1 Gy, 2.5% at 2 Gy and 1.3% at 3 Gy, showing a humped dose-response curve with a peak yield around 2 Gy. No remarkable inter-seasonal or inter-animal variations in the induction of translocation were observed. The frequencies in the crab-eating monkey were significantly higher than those in the same Macaca genus, the rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta) (van Buul, 1976, 1980). This inter species difference in radiosensitivity might be affected by the condition of spermatogonial stem cells at the time of exposure to radiation, depending on the seasonal change in spermatogenetic activity. PMID- 6513966 TI - Whither genetic toxicology? Suggestions for preserving its continued vitality. PMID- 6513965 TI - Specific-locus mutation rates in the mouse following inhalation of ethylene oxide, and application of the results to estimation of human genetic risk. AB - Male (101 X C3H)F1 mice were exposed in an inhalation chamber to ethylene oxide (EtO) in air at a concentration of (generally) 255 ppm. After accumulating total exposures of 101 000 or 150 000 ppm.h in 16-23 weeks, the males were mated to T stock females for a standard specific-locus mutation-rate study in which 71387 offspring were observed. The spermatogonial stem-cell mutation rate at each exposure level, as well as the combined result, does not differ significantly from the historical control frequency. At the lower and higher exposure levels, the results rule out (at the 5% significance level) an induced frequency that is, respectively, 0.97 and 6.33 times the spontaneous rate; the combined results rule out a multiple of 1.64. The relationship between mouse spermatogonial stem-cell mutation rates and EtO-induced testis ethylations was compared with the relationship between Drosophila post-stem-cell mutation rates and sperm ethylations (Lee, 1980). The comparison does not rule out equal mutability per ethylation; but it cannot prove parallelism. An assessment of the mouse Drosophila relationship will require a more efficient alkylator than EtO and the use of comparable germ-cell stages. More meaningful conclusions may be drawn by utilizing the data for direct estimation of human risk by expressing the induced mutation frequency that is ruled out (at the 5% significance level) as a multiple of control rate and extrapolating to human exposure levels. The probable absence of major stem-cell killing (and thus, possibly, cell selection) by EtO indicates that such extrapolation probably does not produce an underestimate. For a human exposure concentration of 0.1 ppm on working days during the reproductive lifespan, the mouse experimental results rule out (at the 5% significance level) an induced spermatogonial stem-cell gene mutation rate greater than 8% of the spontaneous rate; for 1.0 ppm, they rule out an induced rate roughly equal to the spontaneous rate. The induced rate for any one poststem-cell stage would have to be about 3 orders of magnitude higher than that for stem cells to constitute an equivalent risk. PMID- 6513968 TI - Human lymphocytes assay: cyclophosphamide metabolic activation by S9 system with low cytotoxicity. AB - The general suitability of exposing human lymphocytes directly to prolonged contact with an Ames-type microsomal (S9) activation system has been examined, for testing the effect of the indirect chemical mutagen, cyclophosphamide (CPA), on induction of chromosomal aberrations. Direct exposure of lymphocytes to only S9 mix produced a decrease in the mitotic index within 30-60 min, whereafter it stabilized at acceptable values. Further toxic effects following treatment with different doses of CPA and S9 mix, for the longest times of exposure were due to production of clastogenic metabolites. On the basis of these results, the low cytotoxicity of S9 mix in our conditions allows extension of the application of the test to the study of metabolites which require prolonged contact with the target cells. PMID- 6513967 TI - Differences in the induction of SCEs between human whole blood cultures and purified lymphocyte cultures and the effect of an S9 mix. AB - Studies for SCE induction are frequently performed on human blood cultures. Either whole blood cultures (WBC) or purified lymphocyte cultures (PLC) are employed. However, it has been shown that fundamental differences with respect to metabolic activity exist between these two systems. In order to further characterize the whole blood culture and the purified lymphocyte culture, differently acting substances were studied comparatively with and without an Aroclor-1254-induced S9 mix. Treatment with ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS), a direct mutagen, produced distinct SCE induction in both systems. Cyclophosphamide (CP) and benzo[a]pyrene (BP), two indirect mutagens, also led to a significant increase of SCEs both in WBC and PLC without S9 mix. Only with CP was this effect more pronounced after addition of S9 mix. Sodium selenite (Na2SeO3), which induced SCEs in WBC, did not show this effect in the PLC. After S9 mix was added to purified lymphocytes, an increase of SCEs by sodium selenite was observed as in WBC. H2O2, a radical former, led to SCE induction in purified lymphocytes but not in the whole blood culture. By adding S9 mix, a distinct reduction of the SCEs induced by H2O2 was established. These results show that human lymphocytes can metabolize indirect mutagens and that it should be kept in mind when using S9 mix that, besides mixed-function oxygenases, it also contains enzymes which influence the SCE-inducing effects of substances. PMID- 6513969 TI - Sperm count, morphology and fluorescent body frequency in autopsy service workers exposed to formaldehyde. AB - A battery of monitoring tests that could indicate genetic damage was used to investigate occupational formaldehyde exposure in a population of a hospital autopsy service workers. 11 exposed individuals and 11 matched controls were evaluated for sperm count, abnormal sperm morphology and 2F-body frequency. Subjects were matched for sex, age and customary use of alcohol, tobacco and marijuana. Additional information was collected on health, medications and other exposures to toxins. 10 subjects were employed for 4.3 months (range 1-11 months) prior to the first sample and 1 was employed for several years. Formaldehyde exposures were episodic but with a time weighed average between 0.61 and 1.32 ppm (weekly exposure range 3-40 ppm X h). Exposed and control subjects were sampled 3 times at 2-3 month intervals. Sperm morphology was also evaluated in B6C3F1 mice after 5 daily oral doses of 100 mg/kg formalin. No increase in abnormal morphology was detected in the treated animals. In humans, no statistically significant differences were observed between the exposed and control groups for the observed variables. Reduced sperm count correlated with increased abnormal morphology and 2F-body frequency in the exposed group but not in the control group. Evaluation of the impact of incidental exposures suggests a reduced count with marijuana use and increased abnormal morphology with medications used by controls. No effects on sperm were seen from formaldehyde or its metabolites in this population after occupational exposure, nor in mice following a high acute exposure. It is possible that minor effects might have occurred. The lack of an effect in this study may be due to a lack of statistical power to detect effects at this exposure level. PMID- 6513970 TI - Symposium on 'Dose-response relationship for genetic effects of environmental chemicals with special regard to the problem of thresholds'. Report of a conference held in Tokyo, 7-9 May 1984. PMID- 6513971 TI - X-ray sensitive mutants of Chinese hamster ovary cells defective in double-strand break rejoining. AB - Six CHO mutants have previously been described as being sensitive to ionizing radiation and bleomycin treatment, with little or no cross sensitivity to UV radiation (Jeggo and Kemp, 1983). Their ability to rejoin single- and double strand breaks has been examined here. Using two techniques, gradient sedimentation and alkaline elution, no difference could be observed between wild type and mutant strains in the initial number of single-strand breaks induced, the rate of rejoining, or the final level of single-strand breaks rejoined. Thus, a major inability to rejoin single-strand breaks is not the basis for sensitivity in these mutants. In contrast, all 6 mutants showed a decreased ability to rejoin the double-strand breaks induced by gamma-irradiation as measured by neutral elution. Rejoining of half of the breaks occurred in 37 min in wild-type cells and reached a maximum level of 72% after 2 h. All the mutants showed a decreased rate of rejoining, and the final level was 17% of that observed in the wild-type in the most defective mutant, and ranged from 35 to 69% in the other 5 mutants. These are the first mammalian cell mutants to be described with a defect in double-strand break rejoining. PMID- 6513972 TI - Endogenous activation by indirect muta-carcinogens and DNA-repair synthesis in mouse-lung fibroblast cultures. AB - Cultures of adult mouse-lung fibroblasts have been treated by series of strong and weak muta-carcinogens. Unscheduled DNA synthesis has been measured by quantitative autoradiography using automatic image analysis. Some of the muta carcinogens (AFB1, DMN, B(a)P, DMBA, MNNG, 4-NQO) yielded a measurable UDS response, whereas others (2-AA, AFB2, B(e)P, ICR-191) usually known as weak carcinogens, gave no response. The response was not improved by addition of liver S9. This shows that mouse-lung fibroblasts possess their own but limited metabolic activation systems. PMID- 6513973 TI - Induction of sister-chromatid exchanges in cultured human lymphocytes by Aldicarb, a carbamate pesticide. AB - The aim of this work was to investigate the effects of Aldicarb on human lymphocytes in vitro in the presence of an exogenous metabolic activation system. This was done by means of an analysis of SCE and mitotic delay. CP was used to compare the chromosomal effects of Aldicarb with a known genotoxic agent. Our experiments showed that Aldicarb as well as CP induced a significant increase of SCE values in the absence of S9 mix. In vitro metabolic activation of both chemicals increased the SCE values. The addition of a metabolic system slightly decreased the successive mitotic progression of cells in culture. PMID- 6513974 TI - Cytogenetic damage in workers exposed to ethylene oxide. AB - Sister-chromatid exchanges (SECs) and chromosomal aberrations (CAs) were detected in the peripheral lymphocytes of 41 sanitary workers exposed to ethylene oxide (EO) in the sterilizing units of 8 hospitals in the Venice Region. The first group (19 workers) was exposed to 10.7 +/- 4.9 ppm EO, expressed as the time weighted average concentration for an 8-h working day (TWA/8 h conc.), and the second group (22 workers) to 0.35 +/- 0.12 ppm. Each exposed worker was paired with a control of similar age and smoking habits. A highly significant (P less than 0.001) increase in the mean frequency of SCEs was found in the higher exposure group, 14 (74%) exposed subjects having significantly increased levels of SCEs compared to their matched controls. In the lower exposure group, the increase in mean frequency of SCEs was lower, though still significant (P less than 0.05): 7 (33%) exposed subjects had higher and 1 (5%) had a lower SCE level than the matched controls. From the first group, 10 subjects, 7 of whom had increased SCE levels, were reanalysed 12-18 months after their exposure had been lowered or interrupted: in only 2 of them the SCE level was significantly decreased. A statistically significant correlation between SCE frequency and level of EO exposure (TWA/8 h conc.), as well as a multiple correlation between SCE level and EO exposure, smoking and age were found. However, no interaction could be detected between EO exposure and smoking in the induction of SCEs. In controls, SCE frequency was correlated with smoking and age. In the higher exposure group, the number of both chromatid- and chromosome-type aberrations, independent of gaps, was significantly increased, whereas in the lower exposure group only the frequency of chromosome-type aberrations, excluding gaps, was statistically higher than in controls. The level of CAs remained to a great extent unchanged in the 10 subjects re-examined at a later stage after lowering or halting exposure. Taking the group as a whole, the frequency of cells with total CAs was found to be weakly (P = 0.05) correlated with EO exposure, and was not correlated with smoking, age or SCE frequency. PMID- 6513975 TI - Sister-chromatid exchanges in lymphocytes of smokers in an experimental study. AB - The frequency of sister-chromatid exchanges (SCEs) was studied in peripheral blood lymphocytes of 26 young male smokers and 10 non-smokers who had recently entered military service. The levels of SCEs were examined in 4 consecutive blood samples taken after short experimental periods of smoking only low-tar (LT) or medium-tar (MT) cigarettes. The incidence of SCEs was significantly higher in the the group of smokers than in the group of non-smokers. The SCE levels of the smokers were found to be associated with the personal smoking history; the observed increase in the SCE frequency correlated with the years of smoking measured as cumulative pack years. The difference in type of cigarette did not influence the SCE frequencies. PMID- 6513976 TI - Chromosome aberrations in employees from fossil-fueled and nuclear-power plants. AB - Chromosome aberrations were scored in 59 persons from fossil-fueled plants, in 89 persons from nuclear-power plants and in 23 controls. A significant increase in acentric chromosome fragments and dicentric chromosomes compared to the control group was observed in both types of workers. Moreover, the number of abnormal cells was significantly greater in workers of conventional plants than in those of nuclear-power plants. When adjusted for loss of lymphocytes according to a half-life of 3 years, this difference was also significant for the number of dicentric chromosomes observed. A significant effect of length of exposure or of frequency of radiological examinations could be discerned only in the group of workers from conventional plants. PMID- 6513977 TI - A pilot experiment for the micronucleus test. The multi-sampling at multi-dose levels method. AB - A pilot experiment was undertaken to find the optimal dose range and sampling time in the micronucleus test; 2 animals per group were used. The chemical was injected at 4 different doses, and smear preparations were made from femoral marrow cells at 5 different sampling times for each dose group. The incidence of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes was scored on the preparations stained with acridine orange. When the data were arranged two-dimensionally, the optimal dose and sampling time which could be used for a further full-scale test, could be estimated. In addition, sex differences and the effect of multiple treatment can be estimated using this protocol with minor modifications. PMID- 6513978 TI - Rifampicin-induced chromatid exchanges in Sarcoma-180 mouse ascites cells. AB - Sarcoma-180 ascites tumour-bearing male mice were injected i.p. with single dose of 0.5, 2.5, 5 mg/kg body wt. of rifampicin. Cells were sampled for mitotic chromosome analysis 4, 16 or 24 h after treatment. The maximal yield of chromatid type aberrations induced was found 24 h after treatment with 5 mg/kg of rifampicin. More than 60% of the cells carried at least one chromatid exchange. The majority of these were exchanges derived from breaks in the centromeric heterochromatin. PMID- 6513979 TI - A new method for sister-chromatid exchange studies in vivo, a single injection of BrdU in melted agar. AB - Details are given for a new, rapid, and simple method of BrdU administration for SCE studies in vivo. BrdU was dissolved in melted agar and administered to mice as a single subcutaneous injection. Clear and reproducible sister chromatid differential staining of bone marrow cells was obtained. Melted agar, when injected into mice, solidified quickly and formed a clump which provided a sustained release of BrdU. HPLC analyses showed that a considerable serum level of BrdU was maintained for at least 10 h in a mouse injected with 25 mg of BrdU in agar. PMID- 6513980 TI - Genetic effect of chronic exposure of male mice to gamma-rays. AB - The frequency of reciprocal translocations (RT) in mouse spermatogonia induced by gamma-rays at doses of 1.5-4.5 Gy and dose rates of 2.7 X 10(-6), 5.8 X 10(-6), 9.4 X 10(-5) and 4.5 Gy/min was studied. At all dose rates there was a linear increase in the RT frequency with increasing dose. At a dose rate of 9.4 X 10(-5) Gy/min, the RT frequency was on average 10 times lower than that for a single acute dose rate of 4.5 Gy/min. Further dose rate reduction did not result in a decrease in the RT yield, and at the lowest dose rate of 2.7 X 10(-6) Gy/min and a dose of 3.0 Gy the RT frequency was higher than at dose rates of 5.8 X 10(-6) and 9.4 X 10(-5) Gy/min and the same dose. Possible reasons for an increase in the RT frequency at low dose rates are considered. A study of the frequency of occurrence of abnormal sperm heads (ASH) has shown that a dose rate of 9.4 X 10( 5) Gy/min, this frequency is independent of an accumulated dose and is the same as that at an acute dose of 3.0 Gy. At dose rates of 2.7 X 10(-6) and 5.8 X 10( 6) Gy/min, ASH frequencies were only slightly increased at all doses compared to the control level. PMID- 6513981 TI - Cytogenetic effects of sulphadiazine and sulphaguanidine on mitotic cells of male mice. PMID- 6513982 TI - The role of oxygen-free radicals and their secondary production by PMN. A response. PMID- 6513983 TI - Microsporum canis infection in Slovenia (Yugoslavia) 1952-1983. PMID- 6513984 TI - Use of locally available plant materials for mycological media. PMID- 6513985 TI - Characterization of spermidine synthase from Trypanosoma brucei brucei. AB - Spermidine synthase from Trypanosoma brucei brucei was characterized and found to be similar to spermidine synthase from other sources. The Km for putrescine was found to be 0.2 mM and the Km for decarboxylated S-adenosylmethionine 0.1 microM. The approximate molecular weight of the enzyme was 74 000 as determined by a combination of molecular sieve chromatography and sucrose density gradient centrifugation. Spermidine synthase activity was markedly inhibited in vitro by dicyclohexylamine (50% inhibition at 3 microM) and cyclohexylamine (50% inhibition at 15 microM); both being competitive inhibitors with respect to putrescine. S-Adenosyl-1,8-diamino-3-thiooctane, a nucleoside bisubstrate analog, was also a potent inhibitor of enzyme activity (50% inhibition at 25 microM). Administration of dicyclohexylamine to mice with trypanosomiasis resulted in no increase in survival time probably due to the lack of effect on trypanosome spermidine concentrations. Other possible inhibitors remain to be tested in vivo. PMID- 6513986 TI - Fermentation and the properties of some enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism in the trematode Calicophoron ijimai. AB - Glycogen content, glucose consumption and the production of metabolic end products by Calicophoron ijimai were determined under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. The major end products of fermentation were identified as lactic, acetic, propionic, isobutyric and alpha-methylbutyric acids, propionic acid predominating. The activities and properties of some of the enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism were determined. The worms showed high phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, malate dehydrogenase and malate dehydrogenase (decarboxylating) but relatively low pyruvate kinase and very low lactate dehydrogenase activities. The pH optima, coenzyme, cofactor and ionic requirements of the enzymes were similar to those of other helminths. Malate dehydrogenase had an 8-fold greater affinity for oxaloacetate than malate, and was about 14 times more active for oxaloacetate reduction than malate oxidation. Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase was 2.4 times more active and had a 2-fold greater affinity for phosphoenolpyruvate and dinucleotide than pyruvate kinase. The low activities of lactate dehydrogenase and pyruvate kinase but high activities of malate dehydrogenase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase suggest that anaerobic carbohydrate catabolism follows the fumarate reductase pathway. PMID- 6513987 TI - Changes in glucose metabolism and cyanide sensitivity in Schistosoma mansoni during development. AB - Schistosoma mansoni was studied by biochemical and electrophysiological techniques to follow the physiological changes occurring during transformation in the mammalian host. Volume conducted electrical potentials and measurement of CO2 evolution indicate that 3 h post-transformational schistosomula are highly sensitive to cyanide. By 24 h after transformation, evolution of CO2 under control conditions is reduced by 77% from 3 h levels, while lactate excretion rises by 84%. Cyanide does not affect the frequency or magnitude of endogenous electrical transients, but does eliminate 83% of the already reduced levels of CO2 evolved in 24 schistosomula. Electrophysiological analyses indicate that the timecourse of metabolic changes in skin- and mechanically transformed schistosomula are similar, and incubation of schistosomula in 200 micrograms ml-1 puromycin does not alter the onset of cyanide insensitivity. The adult parasite evolves a low level of CO2 which is reduced by 88% in the presence of 1 mM cyanide. No significant Pasteur effect is detected, however, and endogenous electrical activity as well as mechanical responses of the adult musculature are unaffected by cyanide exposure. Our results indicate that schistosomula continue to rely on cyanide-sensitive respiratory components for at least 3 h after transformation; by 24 h, however, the parasites are metabolically similar to the adult stage, i.e., they depend on lactate fermentation for most of their energy requirements. PMID- 6513988 TI - Intracellular parasite killing induced by electron carriers. I. Effect of electron carriers on intracellular Leishmania spp. in macrophages from different genetic backgrounds. AB - Mouse peritoneal macrophages were infected with Leishmania parasites from different species, then exposed to the electron carriers methylene blue (MB), toluidine blue O (TB), phenazine methosulfate (PMS) and crystal violet (CV). This led to killing of the intracellular parasites with no harm to the macrophages. On a molar basis, the potency of the electron carriers decreased in the following order: CV, TB, MB and PMS. MB and TB were more active against intracellular compared to free parasites, suggesting that the macrophages themselves might play a role in the observed anti-parasite toxicity. Intracellular killing could be achieved by a short pulse (30 min) of electron carrier. No difference could be detected between macrophages from different mouse strains as regards their capacity to kill intracellular parasites upon incubation with electron carriers. When macrophages from the L. major susceptible ('non-healer') BALB/c strain were infected with either L. enriettii (which is nonpathogenic to mice) or L. major, then exposed to an activating, lymphokine-rich supernatant, destruction of only L. enriettii was achieved, whereas L. major survived intracellularly. Incubation with MB, however, led to intracellular destruction of both parasites. Other Leishmania species could also be killed irrespective of the genetic background of the macrophages. These observations suggest that the triggering events in electron carrier- and lymphokine-mediated intracellular parasite killing are different. PMID- 6513989 TI - Intracellular parasite killing induced by electron carriers. II. Correlation between parasite killing and the induction of oxidative events in macrophages. AB - Mouse peritoneal macrophages infected with Leishmania parasites were exposed in vitro to the electron carriers methylene blue (MB), toluidine blue 0 (TB), phenazine methosulfate (PMS) and crystal violet (CV). This led to parasite destruction without harm to the macrophages. The kinetics of intracellular killing depended on both the drug concentration and the duration of exposure; over 80% of the microorganisms were inactivated within 2.5 min of incubation of the parasitized cells with 10(-4) M MB. On a molar basis, the drugs were considerably more active against intracellular compared to free parasites, suggesting that the macrophages themselves play a role in the observed anti parasite toxicity. Intracellular killing by macrophages exposed to MB, TB and PMS correlated with the stimulation of oxygen uptake and hexose monophosphate shunt activity in the cells. Cytochrome c markedly inhibited MB-induced intracellular parasite destruction as well as completely blocking parasite killing in macrophages activated by lymphokines, pointing to O-2, H2O2 or products derived therefrom as possible mediators of macrophage toxic activity in both instances. Cytochrome c did not protect free parasites from the direct toxicity of the drug, however. Lipopolysaccharide promoted parasite destruction by lymphokine-activated macrophages, but failed to do so for electron carrier-stimulated cells. These observations suggest that intracellular killing induced by electron carriers results from a direct interaction of the drugs with cellular redox systems, leading to the generation of oxygen metabolites toxic for the parasites. PMID- 6513990 TI - Electron transfer complexes of Ascaris suum muscle mitochondria: I. Characterization of NADH-cytochrome c reductase (complex I-III), with special reference to cytochrome localization. AB - An NADH-cytochrome c reductase (complex I-III) was isolated from Ascaris suum muscle mitochondria. The enzyme preparation catalyzed the reduction of 1.68 mumol cytochrome c min-1 mg-1 protein at 25 degrees C with NADH but not with NADPH, and retained its sensitivity to rotenone, piericidin A and 2-heptyl-4 hydroxyquinoline-N-oxide as with the submitochondrial particles. The isolated complex I-III, essentially free of succinate-cytochrome c reductase and cytochrome c oxidase, consisted of fourteen polypeptides with apparent molecular weights ranging from 76 000 to 12 000. The complex I-III contained three cytochromes, b-559.5, b-563 and c1-550.5 and Pigment-558 at concentrations of 1.28, 0.211, 1.23 and 0.321 nmol mg-1 protein, respectively. Cytochrome b-558, a major constituent cytochrome of Ascaris mitochondria and previously suggested to participate in the fumarate reductase system, was not fractionated in the complex I-III. Localization of the cytochromes in Ascaris electron transfer complexes is discussed. PMID- 6513991 TI - The maxicircle of Trypanosoma brucei kinetoplast DNA encodes apocytochrome b. AB - The region of the maxicircle of Trypanosoma brucei kinetoplast DNA which hybridizes at low stringency with the apocytochrome b gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been identified and cloned. The nucleotide sequence of a 1.7 kb segment of this region is reported. This segment contains a single long open reading from capable of coding for a 350 amino acid protein with substantial homology to apocytochromes b of other species. The trypanosome protein is considerably more distantly related to other apocytochromes b than they are to each other. Several short unassigned open reading frames (300 nucleotides or shorter) also are described. If polypeptides are synthesized from these regions, they are more hydrophilic than known mitochondrially coded proteins. PMID- 6513992 TI - The Fab fragments of monoclonal IgG to a merozoite surface antigen inhibit Plasmodium knowlesi invasion of erythrocytes. AB - Two rat monoclonal antibodies (both IgG2a isotype and having closely related specificities) and a pool of rhesus immune IgG, all of which inhibit Plasmodium knowlesi merozoite invasion of rhesus erythrocytes, have been studied before and after proteolytic digestion. The F(ab')2 and Fab fragments of both rat monoclonal antibodies show considerably enhanced inhibition of merozoite invasion as compared with the intact IgG. Inhibition by monovalent fragments indicates that these antibodies are not dependent upon merozoite agglutination and may act by blocking merozoite attachment to the specific red cell receptor. The fact that the inhibitory activities of F(ab')2 and Fab are equally enhanced on a weight basis, as compared with IgG, suggests that the removal of Fc may reduce electrostatic repulsion between antibody and merozoite surface, both of which are negatively charged at neutral pH. By contrast, papain digestion of polyclonal IgG derived from an immunised rhesus pool markedly reduces its inhibitory activity. This suggests that much of the inhibition mediated by polyclonal IgG results from merozoite agglutination and that the specificity of the rat inhibitory monoclonal antibodies is poorly represented in the immune pool. The P. knowlesi antigen reactive with the inhibitory monoclonal antibodies is known to be synthesized as a minor 66 kDa polypeptide during the last 1.5 h. of schizont development and is processed to smaller products (44 and 42 kDa) present on the merozoite surface. The present results suggest that this antigen may have particular interest as a vaccine against P. knowlesi malaria. PMID- 6513993 TI - The normal fungal flora of dogs. A preliminary report. AB - A survey of the fungal flora of dogs was carried out over a calendar year. The objective was to establish a normal pattern, in order to assess the significance of the finding of dematiaceous species, in particular Alternaria. Alternaria has been implicated as a cause of dermatitis in humans and possibly in dogs as well. It was found that Cladosporium was a normal component of the flora, Alternaria was found less often. Non-sporulating hyphomycetes were usually the dominant component. PMID- 6513994 TI - Live Blastomyces dermatitidis yeast-induced responses of immune and nonimmune human mononuclear cells. AB - Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from humans with treated blastomycosis or from normal persons were cultured with live Blastomyces dermatitidis yeast. There was no inhibition of growth of the fungus in this suspension culture technique but morphologic and functional differences of the human cells were great between the two groups. Lymphocyte stimulation by live Blastomyces yeast was found in the patient group but not in the normal donors. These events add to the observations that cellular immunity is expressed in blastomycosis. PMID- 6513995 TI - Isolation of pathogenic Aspergillus species from commercially-prepared potting media. AB - Twelve commercially-prepared potting soils were screened for the presence of pathogenic Aspergillus species. Pathogenic Aspergillus species were isolated from 67% of the soils. A fumigatus was isolated from 42% and A. flavus and A. niger from 33%. PMID- 6513996 TI - Placental and fetal candidiasis. Presentation of a case of an abortus. AB - The authors present a case of intrauterine fetal infection by candida, in an abortion of four months, associated with an I.U.D. In the placenta and adnexa we observed an acute inflammation consisting of extraplacental membranitis, omphalitis, chorio-amnionitis and choriovasculitis with a marked villitis and intervillitis. In the fetus, involvement of the skin, lungs and pharynx was observed. This case represents, probably the 15th reported instance of congenital fetal candidiasis, and the first case of a candida hematogenic placental infection acquired from the fetal blood. The fetus undoubtedly acquired its infection by an ascending route, through the contamined amniotic fluid. PMID- 6513997 TI - Survey of airborne fungus spores at Taif, Saudi Arabia. AB - Fifty-eight species and one variety belonging to 25 genera were collected from the atmosphere of Taif from August 1981 to July 1982 (12 exposures for each type of media) on glucose- and cellulose-Czapek's agar plates at 28 degrees C. The total counts of sugar and cellulose-decomposing airborne fungi showed seasonal fluctuations; the maxima were recorded in winter, and the minima in summer months. Aspergillus (16.23% and 13.22% of total fungi on glucose and cellulose media, respectively), Alternaria (11.52% and 15.7%), Cladosporium (18.59% and 9.5%), Drechslera (4.7% and 10.74%), Scopulariopsis (7.33% and 6.6%) and phoma (8.12% and 11.98%) were recovered in high seasonal occurrence on the two media. Also, Penicillium (on glucose) and Ulocladium (on cellulose) were common in the air accounting for 10.73% and 7.44% of total fungi, respectively. PMID- 6513998 TI - [The quantitative determination of protein content in milk by means of ultraviolet spectrophotometry. 2. The suitability of the difference of absorbance at 235 and 280 nm for quantitative milk protein analysis]. AB - The protein content of skimmed milk was determined by measuring the absorbance at 235 and 280 nm after dilution with alkylpolyglycolethersulphate solution. The difference of absorbance A235-A280 shows a high correlation to the values of KJELDAHL nitrogen analysis (r = 0.99). The protein content of casein and milkserum solutions could be determined in the same way. The method has the advantage, that their results are approximately independent of the amino acid composition of proteins, the content of nucleic acids, salts, lactose and non protein nitrogen. Both absorbances are obtainable from one solution. The dependence of the absorbance difference from the age of solution, the age of milk and from the temperature was investigated as well as the influence of preservatives. PMID- 6514000 TI - [The enzymatic degradation of DDT. 1. Main degradation pathways]. AB - First investigations on the degradation of DDT were already carried out at the beginning of its application. Its metabolism, however, is not yet absolutely clear till now. Main degradation pathways are considered: Reductive dechlorinations, successive dehydrochlorinations to unsaturated compounds as well as oxidations to aldehydes, alcohol and carboxylic acid. Decarboxylations of carboxylic acids are considered to be dependent on the species concerned. Between various organisms only quantitative differences are evident. PMID- 6513999 TI - [Progress report. Possibilities and limitations of the in vitro technic for prenatal toxicologic studies]. AB - Considering the variety of problems of the prenatal toxicity test the in vitro methods hitherto existing in this field are discussed according to their degree of complexity (cell culture, mass culture of dispersed cells, organ culture, whole embryo culture) within their limitations and possibilities. In this connection special attention is focussed to the use of human tissue for testing basic mechanisms of the developmental biology and for toxicity tests. PMID- 6514001 TI - Relationship between dietary protein level and enzymatic changes in acute poisoning of rats with chlorfenvinphos. AB - The acute oral toxicity (LD50) of chlorfenvinphos (Chl) showed no significant difference between Wistar rats (males and females) aged 42 days kept for 30 days on 4.5% or 26%-protein diet, but a twofold difference appeared after 60 days on these diets (LD50 was lower in low-protein rats) showing that a longer period of protein deficiency more increases the susceptibility of rats to the lethal action of Chl. During acute poisoning produced by intragastric administration of single convulsive dose of Chl (30 mg/kg body weight) to rats kept for 30 days on low protein or optimal-protein diet, changes were observed in the activity of some enzymes in the serum and brain. Protein deficient diet increased the Chl-produced inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in the brain; the augmented activity of aspartate aminotransferase (AspAT) and alanine aminotransferase (AlaAT) and glucosephosphate isomerase (PHI) appeared only in the serum of low protein rats--these changes were more marked in females. Other enzymatic alterations caused by Chl were similar independently of the diets and also more evident in females; for comparison the rats received also standard Murigran diet. Activity of the brain aromatic amino acids aminotransferases (AAA) showed a decreasing trend in Chl-poisoned rats, while in the liver the activity of these enzymes rose, but chiefly in the rats receiving previously the diet with 26% of protein or standard diet. In the rats surviving the acute Chl poisoning, with the evidently seen convulsions, the activity of nearly all enzymes was normal after 14 days. PMID- 6514002 TI - [Supplying various age groups with certain essential trace elements]. AB - Investigations revealed a very good correspondence of the intake of trace elements, calculated from per capita food consumption, with the analytically determined values of the full daily diet. It is above all the copper intake and, to a lesser degree, the zinc and iron intake, which deviate from the generally recommended values. The results obtained for the different age groups indicate the copper intake to be sufficient only with children up to six years old. The iron supply of adolescent girls and old people should be improved. As is well known, the utilization of trace elements is influenced by many dietetic and individual factors. Therefore, further investigations must be carried out to decide whether the analytically determined intake of trace elements guarantees an adequate supply or whether disturbances often occurring with a slight under supply must be taken into consideration. PMID- 6514004 TI - Upstream and downstream control of eukaryotic genes. PMID- 6514003 TI - Adaptation of Pope and Stevens method for rapid determination of the amino nitrogen content in certain raw materials and animal products. AB - The present study is a continuation of experiments on adaptation of Pope and Stevens method for rapid determination of proteolytic enzyme activity and protein hydrolysis intensity of food products. The results of the amino nitrogen content of certain meat products are presented by using the earlier described modified method. It was found that when determining amino nitrogen in such raw materials and products as poultry, beef, pork, fresh-water fish and their hydrolyzates, the traditional and colorimetric methods are equal. Good accuracy, specificity and usefulness were qualities noted for the latter method in repeated and routine experimentation. PMID- 6514005 TI - Enlightenment and confusion over steroid hormone receptors. PMID- 6514006 TI - Protein antigenicity and protein mobility. PMID- 6514007 TI - Platelet-derived growth factor induces rapid but transient expression of the c fos gene and protein. AB - Exposure of quiescent mouse fibroblasts to platelet-derived growth factor induces mRNA from the c-fos proto-oncogene within 10 min followed by synthesis of nuclear c-fos proteins. These are amongst the earliest described nuclear events that follow a mitogenic stimulus. PMID- 6514008 TI - Influence of the method of drug administration on analgesic response. AB - The appropriate control group in studies of placebo-induced analgesia has not been established. A traditional control has been a 'no treatment' or natural history group. In some studies, the natural-history group receives a hidden infusion of vehicle, a physiologically inactive substance such as saline solution, to eliminate differences in expectation of the outcome on the part of the experimenter. To evaluate whether 'hidden' as well as open infusion of vehicle can elicit a placebo response, we have now tested a different natural history group, one which received an infusion of vehicle from a syringe pump controlled by a programmable timer. A comparison of these two control groups provides evidence that hidden infusion of vehicle can elicit a placebo response. Use of this new control group also permitted a clear distinction between a naloxone-antagonizable component of placebo analgesia and naloxone antagonism of endorphin-mediated analgesia induced by surgical stress. Our study underscores the power of the placebo and emphasizes that even the most subtle cues can elicit a placebo response. PMID- 6514009 TI - Competition for cellular factors that activate metallothionein gene transcription. AB - Metallothioneins (MTs), small cysteine-rich proteins, bind to and are inducible by heavy metals such as zinc, cadmium and copper. Recent gene-transfer and mutagenesis experiments have elucidated cis-acting DNA sequences involved in this form of regulation, but nothing is known about the trans-acting factors that interact with the control sequences or how such interactions influence the rate of transcription. We report here the detection of cellular factors involved in the cadmium induction of the mouse MT-1 gene by an in vivo competition assay. We show that at least one-class of these cellular factors acts by a positive regulatory mechanism depending on the same region of the 5' flanking DNA required for maximal transcription. PMID- 6514010 TI - The transport of (+)-amphetamine by the neuronal noradrenaline carrier. AB - PC-12 cells (a clonal line of rat phaeochromocytoma cells) take up noradrenaline by a transport system which is identical with the neuronal amine transport system ("uptake1"). The uptake of 3H-noradrenaline into reserpine-pretreated PC-12 cells (monoamine oxidase inhibited) was saturable (Km = 0.6 +/- 0.1 mumol/l), dependent on sodium and chloride, and competitively inhibited by (+)-amphetamine (Ki = 0.18 +/- 0.04 mumol/l), cocaine (Ki = 0.55 +/- 0.15 mumol/l) and desipramine (Ki = 4.3 +/- 0.6 nmol/l). The uptake and accumulation of 3H (+)-amphetamine showed characteristics comparable to those of 3H-noradrenaline, since the uptake of 3H (+)-amphetamine (0.1 mumol/l) was reduced by omission of sodium or chloride from the incubation medium. The sodium-sensitive component of uptake and accumulation of 3H (+)-amphetamine was fully inhibited by cocaine and desipramine. The IC50 of desipramine for inhibition of the sodium-sensitive component of the 1-min uptake of 3H (+)-amphetamine (20 nmol/l) was about 2 nmol/l, i.e., identical with the Ki for inhibition of uptake of 3H-noradrenaline. At concentrations above 1 mumol/l, desipramine additionally caused an inhibition of the sodium-independent permeation of 3H (+)-amphetamine into PC-12 cells. Hence, by using a homogeneous population of cells endowed with "uptake1", it is possible to demonstrate - besides a pronounced lipophilic entry - a carrier-mediated uptake of 3H (+) amphetamine. PMID- 6514011 TI - Inhibition of monoamine oxidase and semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase by mexiletine and related compounds. AB - The in vitro inhibition by mexiletine and related compounds of the activity of rat brain, heart and lung monoamine oxidase-A (MAO-A), rat brain MAO-B, human platelet-poor plasma benzylamine oxidase and a clorgyline-resistant, semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase (SSAO) distinct from both MAO and benzylamine oxidase has been studied. The compounds were most active towards MAO A and SSAO. IC50 values for mexiletine towards rat heart MAO-A and SSAO were 10 mumol/l and 320 mumol/l, respectively. Replacement of the para-hydrogen atom in the mexiletine aromatic ring by bromine increased potency towards both MAO-A and SSAO. Replacement of the ortho-methyl group in the mexiletine aromatic ring by hydrogen increased the potency towards SSAO alone. FLA 1042, with both these substitutions, was found to be a reversible mixed-type inhibitor of both MAO-A (Kislopei 1.4 mumol/l, Kiinti 24 mumol/l) and of SSAO (Kislopei 12 mumol/l, Kiinti 6 mumol/l). PMID- 6514012 TI - Stereoselective inhibition of monoamine oxidase and semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase by 4-dimethylamino-2,alpha-dimethylphenethylamine (FLA 336). AB - The in vitro inhibition by amiflamine [FLA 336(+)] and related compounds of the activity of rat monoamine oxidase (MAO) -A and -B, rat semicarbazide sensitive amine oxidase (SSAO) and human platelet poor plasma benzylamine oxidase was studied. Amiflamine was an MAO-A selective inhibitor, but also inhibits SSAO with both a reversible (competitive, Ki = 200 mumol/l) and a small time-dependent component which was irreversible in nature. The optical isomer FLA 336(-) was ten times less potent towards MAO-A. However, this compound was much more potent an inhibitor of SSAO (competitive, Ki = 4.6 mumol/l). The amiflamine metabolites FLA 788(+) and FLA 668(+) inhibited SSAO, but only at concentrations considerably higher than required for MAO-A inhibition. Ex vivo experiments indicated that there was no significant irreversible inhibition of rat heart and lung SSAO after both single and repeated administration of amiflamine at doses up to 20 times higher than required for inhibition of MAO-A within central serotoninergic neurones. PMID- 6514013 TI - The influence of inhibition of catechol-O-methyl transferase or of monoamine oxidase on the extraneuronal metabolism of 3H-(-)-noradrenaline in the rat heart. AB - The extraneuronal metabolism of 3H-(-)-noradrenaline (1 nmol/l) was determined in rat hearts obtained from reserpine-pretreated animals (in the presence of 30 mumol/l cocaine). Inhibition of monoamine oxidase (MAO) (by pretreatment of the animals with pargyline) increased the formation of O-methylated metabolites by nearly that amount by which the formation of deaminated metabolites declined; hence, catechol-O-methyl transferase (COMT) seemed to be able to nearly fully compensate for the loss of MAO activity. However, when COMT was inhibited (by the presence of either 1 or 10 mumol/l U-O521), the increase in the formation of deaminated metabolites was smaller than the decrease in the formation of O methylated metabolites; hence, MAO seemed to be unable to fully compensate for the loss of COMT activity. These results are discussed with regard to the hypothesis that the two extraneuronal enzymes co-exist in one compartment. As inhibition of COMT causes a much greater increase in the steady-state tissue/medium ratio for 3H-(-)-noradrenaline than does inhibition of MAO, it is suggested that it is this increase in the intracellular concentration of 3H-(-) noradrenaline which - by promoting an efflux of the unchanged amine that is proportional to the tissue/medium ratio - actually decreases the net removal of 3H-(-)-noradrenaline from the perfusion fluid. The results are compatible with (but no evidence for) the hypothesis that the two enzymes co-exist in the same extraneuronal compartment. PMID- 6514014 TI - The effectiveness of yohimbine in blocking rat central dopamine autoreceptors in vivo. AB - The influence of various alpha-adrenoceptor antagonists (10 mg/kg i.p.) upon the rate of turnover of dopamine (DA) in the rat brain was investigated. Taking the levels of the DA metabolites 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) and homovanillic acid (HVA) as a measure of the rate of DA turnover, it was found that prazosin and phenoxybenzamine decreased, whereas piperoxane and yohimbine increased the turnover rate both in the corpus striatum and in the tuberculum olfactorium. Azapetine, phentolamine and tolazoline as well as the beta adrenoceptor antagonist propranolol were without a significant effect, whereas the DA antagonist haloperidol increased DOPAC and HVA levels and decreased the levels of DA itself. The possibility that the yohimbine-induced increase in the DA turnover rate was produced by a direct blockade of DA autoreceptors, was investigated under conditions where influences other than those elicited via DA autoreceptors are thought to be eliminated, i.e. in rats treated with reserpine or gamma-butyrolactone (GBL). In rats that were pretreated with reserpine, yohimbine (10 mg/kg i.p.) was found to be ineffective in antagonizing the reduction of the accumulation of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) following decarboxylase inhibition, that was produced by the DA agonist apomorphine (2.0 mg/kg i.p.). In rats pretreated with reserpine, yohimbine (10 mg/kg i.p.) was also ineffective in antagonizing the reduction of the DOPAC and HVA levels produced by apomorphine (2.0 mg/kg i.p.), but it was effective in antagonizing the reduction of the HVA level that was produced by the selective DA autoreceptor agonist N,N-di-n-propyl-7-hydroxy-2-aminotetralin (DP-7-AT, 1.0 mg/kg i.p.).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6514015 TI - Papaverine enhances the effect of adenosine in guinea-pig atria. AB - Papaverine, while enhancing the force of contraction of guinea-pig atria, remarkably and dose-dependently enhanced the negative inotropic response of the atria to adenosine. It also enhanced the actions of ATP and other adenine nucleotides, but not those of 2-chloroadenosine and ACh. At similar concentrations, papaverine inhibited the uptake of adenosine by the atrial tissue during incubation with adenosine. Adenosine in the medium was degraded to inactive inosine during incubation with the atrial tissue, and papaverine reduced its degradation. The enhancing effect of papaverine on the action of adenosine on guinea-pig atria was like those of dipyridamole, 6-(2-hydroxy-5 nitrobenzyl)thioguanosine and cinepazide. The effect seemed to be due mainly to inhibition of adenosine uptake into the tissue. Inhibition of adenosine degradation may also have contributed to the action of papaverine, but this action was probably much less important than inhibition of adenosine uptake. PMID- 6514017 TI - Saturable uptake of [3H]-tryptamine in rabbit platelets is inhibited by 5 hydroxytryptamine uptake blockers. AB - [3H]-tryptamine is taken up by rabbit platelets through an active and saturable process which is temperature sensitive, sodium-dependent and inhibited by imipramine and non-tricyclic 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) uptake blockers. There is an excellent correlation between the Ki for the inhibition of [3H]-tryptamine and [3H]-5-HT uptake in rabbit platelets for a series of 5-HT uptake blockers. These results indicate that [3H]-tryptamine is actively transported through the membrane of blood platelets by the same carrier that transports 5-HT. PMID- 6514016 TI - Influence of serosal hydrostatic pressure on net water and electrolyte transport across the isolated rat colonic mucosa exposed to different secretagogues. AB - The influence of 2 cm and 7 cm hydrostatic pressure applied upon the serosal side on net water and electrolyte transport and paracellular permeability was investigated in everted sacs of stripped rat colon mucosa exposed to different secretagogues. A 2 cm pressure abolished net fluid absorption in the presence of deoxycholic acid, bisacodyl, ethacrynic acid and rhein and reduced absorption in the tissue pretreated with cholera toxin. The paracellular permeability was increased by deoxycholic acid, bisacodyl and ethacrynic acid and diminished under the influence of rhein and cholera toxin. At a pressure of 7 cm H2O fluid movement was directed toward the mucosal side parallel to the increase of the paracellular permeability. The fluid appearing at the mucosal side was isotonic in the presence of deoxycholic acid, ethacrynic acid and rhein but hypotonic when the tissue was pretreated with cholera toxin. From the pressure-induced net water flow and the composition of the transferred fluid secretagogues acting predominantly on paracellular pathway can be distinguished from secretagogues acting on basis of other mechanisms. PMID- 6514018 TI - Kinetics of the O-methylating system for isoprenaline in the trachea and aorta of rabbit. AB - Segments of tracheal smooth muscle or aorta from rabbits pretreated with reserpine (1 mg/kg) were incubated in 3H-isoprenaline (0.5-60 mumol/l). Steady state rates of O-methylation were determined by measuring the formation of 3-O methylisoprenaline (OMI) after incubation of tracheal and aortic tissues for 30 min and 10 min, respectively. The steady-state O-methylation of isoprenaline in rabbit trachea was saturable, at least up to 60 mumol/l isoprenaline. In rabbit aorta, the O-methylation appeared to be saturable up to 30 mumol/l isoprenaline, but the rate of O-methylation increased for higher concentrations. The Km values for the saturable component of O-methylation were 11.8 mumol/l in trachea and 3.03 mumol/l in aorta. The Vmax values were 0.51 nmol X g-1 X min-1 in trachea and 0.56 nmol X g-1 X min-1 in aorta. In tissues incubated in 0.5 mumol/l isoprenaline, 100 mumol/l corticosterone caused 78% inhibition of OMI formation in trachea and 86% inhibition in aorta. There was no inhibition of OMI formation by 100 mumol/l corticosterone in tracheal or aortic tissues incubated in 60 mumol/l isoprenaline. Model calculations showed that the experimental results in trachea and aorta (3. above) were consistent with (a) entry of isoprenaline into the cells in the tissues by extraneuronal uptake and diffusion, and (b) exposure of the isoprenaline to intracellular catechol-O-methyltransferase with Vmax enzyme much less than Vmax uptake. PMID- 6514019 TI - Effects of (-)-phenylephrine on force of contraction in the presence of cocaine and hydrocortisone in cat papillary muscle. AB - The positive inotropic effect of (-)-phenylephrine, in the presence of propranolol, was studied after inhibition of neuronal and extraneuronal uptake in isolated papillary muscles from reserpine-pretreated cats. An inhibition of extraneuronal uptake with hydrocortisone influenced the effect of (-) phenylephrine neither when present alone nor in the presence of cocaine (additional inhibition of neuronal uptake). An inhibition of neuronal uptake with cocaine caused a small but significant increase in the potency of (-) phenylephrine. We conclude that in cat ventricular cardiac muscle the extraneuronal compartment is apparently neither a "site of loss" nor a "site of gain" for (-)-phenylephrine with respect to force of contraction. PMID- 6514020 TI - [How much human milk does a premature infant need?]. PMID- 6514021 TI - [Nontraumatic rhabdomyolysis with acute kidney insufficiency]. PMID- 6514022 TI - [First aid and treatment of burn patients]. PMID- 6514023 TI - [Treatment of burn patients in the shock stage]. PMID- 6514024 TI - [The acute period in burn patients]. PMID- 6514025 TI - [Infections in burn patients]. PMID- 6514026 TI - [The burn patient and stress]. PMID- 6514027 TI - [Rehabilitation aspects of burn patients]. PMID- 6514028 TI - [Epidemiology of burn injuries in the Netherlands]. PMID- 6514029 TI - [Burns caused by hydrofluoric acid]. PMID- 6514030 TI - [The organization of burn care in the Netherlands]. PMID- 6514031 TI - [Does diethylstilbestrol also affect the fetal ovaries?]. PMID- 6514032 TI - [Hydrothorax in ascites and its treatment with a peritoneovenous shunt]. PMID- 6514033 TI - [Triple arthrodesis for correction and consolidation of the foot]. PMID- 6514034 TI - [Bed occupancy and policy changes in obstetrics]. PMID- 6514035 TI - [Prevention of adhesion formation in the abdomen and microsurgical methods for the treatment of infertility due to adhesions]. PMID- 6514036 TI - [The significance of manometry in gastroenterology]. PMID- 6514037 TI - [Minor complaints: tennis elbow]. PMID- 6514038 TI - [An example of false economy]. PMID- 6514039 TI - [Arthroscopic findings in traumatic hemarthrosis of the knee]. PMID- 6514040 TI - [Acute gastroenteritis in children; pathophysiology and treatment]. PMID- 6514042 TI - ["Free-basing": a new method of cocaine use]. PMID- 6514041 TI - [Intra-articular administration of corticosteroids: an attempt at reevaluation]. PMID- 6514043 TI - [Endoscopic diagnosis and treatment of carcinoid tumor of the gastrointestinal tract]. PMID- 6514044 TI - [Malabsorption in lambliasis]. PMID- 6514045 TI - [Q fever infection probably caused by a human placenta]. PMID- 6514046 TI - [Chylothorax as a rare complication in tuberculosis]. PMID- 6514048 TI - [Studies of fetal tissues: is it allowed?]. PMID- 6514047 TI - [Herpes genitalis]. PMID- 6514049 TI - [The thrombosis leg, a deceptive disease]. PMID- 6514050 TI - [Transcutaneous measurement of oxygen tension in newborn infants]. PMID- 6514051 TI - [Diagnosis of deep venous thrombosis. II. Diagnostic strategy]. PMID- 6514052 TI - [Dacarbazine]. PMID- 6514053 TI - [The continent ileostomy]. PMID- 6514054 TI - [An autochthonous case of tinea nigra in the Netherlands]. PMID- 6514055 TI - [Bankruptcy of contraception?]. PMID- 6514056 TI - [Guidelines for preoperative laboratory studies in healthy patients (ASA I). Commission Preoperative Laboratory Studies of the Academic Medical Center in Amsterdam]. PMID- 6514057 TI - [Report on Preoperative Laboratory Studies]. PMID- 6514058 TI - [Drastic measures in preoperative laboratory diagnosis]. PMID- 6514059 TI - [The physician and torture]. PMID- 6514060 TI - [The treatment of malaria]. PMID- 6514061 TI - [Activity of fusimotor neurons during reflex muscle contraction]. AB - The influence of fusimotor activity, via the gamma-loop, on the reflex response of motor neurons to stretch or vibration of triceps surae muscles was investigated in decerebrated cats. Action potentials of single fusimotor neurons were recorded from fine branches cut from nerves innervating triceps surae muscles leaving their main nerve supply intact. Most of the examined fusimotor neurons were found to be coactivated with motor neurons during reflex contraction of the muscles. Week autogenetic inhibitory influence on the discharge of fusimotor neurons was established at the beginning of the reflex tension rise in the muscles. A decrease of the reflex motor signal leading to the so-called silent period may, on the ground of this finding, results partially from the transiently lowered fusimotor outflow to the contracting muscles. Investigation of the changes in fusimotor spike occurrence during the rising phase of reflex muscle contraction seemed to be valuable in the estimation of both the autogenetic reflex influence on these motoneurons and conditions required for servoassistance. PMID- 6514062 TI - [Role of the reticular formation in regulating movement. Several intrareticular mechanisms and functional properties of the reticulospinal system]. AB - The aim of this work was to obtain further information about some mechanisms of participation of the reticular formation and its descending reticulo-spinal systems in the regulation of the motor functions of the spinal cord. Following questions were studied: membrane characteristics of the reticulospinal neurons with slow and rapid axonal conduction and peculiarities of monosynaptic control influences on these groups of reticulospinal neurons from the motor cortex; characteristics of population responses of the reticular formation with respect to its ability to discriminative sensory and motor functions; reactions of the reticular formation neurons correlated with learned movements. Data obtained evidence that the reticular formation can be involved in control of specialized motor actions. Functional significance of the specific properties of the reticular formation as well as further prospects of exploration of its functional organization are discussed. PMID- 6514063 TI - [Dynamics of the neuronal activity of midbrain reticular nuclei in the sleep wakefulness cycle]. AB - Dynamics of neuronal activity of the mesencephalic reticular nuclei (n. cuneiformis, n. parabrachialis) in the sleep-wakefulness cycle was studied in free moving rats using mobile metallic microelectrodes. Computer analysis and statistical treatment of data have shown that the majority of neurons in the above-mentioned reticular nuclei of the mesencephalon (76% and 66%, respectively) generate with high frequencies during active wakefulness and emotional stage of paradoxical sleep; the frequency of discharges is less during passive wakefulness and nonemotional stage of paradoxical sleep, while in the slow-wave sleep they exhibit the least activity. Comparatively small number of neurons (24%, 15%) show inverse dynamics of activity. They fire more intensively during slow wave sleep and the frequency of discharges decreases during active wakefulness and emotional stage of paradoxical sleep. During quiet wakefulness and nonemotional stage of paradoxical sleep the neuronal activity attains the level observed in a slow-wave sleep. In n. parabrachialis some neurons are found which fire intensively during active wakefulness, the frequency of their discharges decreases in passive wakefulness and slow-wave sleep and is the least in paradoxical sleep. The similarity and difference of the neurophysiological mechanisms of phases and stages of the sleep-wakefulness cycle are discussed. PMID- 6514064 TI - [The function of bias in psychiatry]. PMID- 6514065 TI - [The concept of intentionality and the deficiency theory of schizophrenias]. PMID- 6514066 TI - [The schizophrenic phenomenon of thought formation]. PMID- 6514067 TI - [Slight sibling age difference--a risk factor in the genesis of schizoid disorders?]. AB - 615 neurotic patients from two outpatient Clinics were divided into three groups: only children, siblings with minimal age difference group, siblings not of minimal age difference group. The following hypothesis were to be examined: The younger of two siblings with minimal age difference are at greater risk to develop schizoid disorders. The hypothesis was proved correct. Amongst our patients the younger of two siblings of minimal age difference were at a particularly high risk in becoming schizoid. In addition we found the following risiko configuration in the early developmental period. Frequently these patients originated from families with many children, the age difference to the next sibling is also minimal, the mother is frequently lost before the age of three and the father is often self employed. These results confirm the so called "hypothesis of neglect" as it is observed in the development of schizoid disorders. A reexamination of the result of this research is to be desired. PMID- 6514068 TI - [Psychopathology of Fahr syndrome]. PMID- 6514069 TI - Influence of synthetic testosterone on calcitonin secretion capacity. PMID- 6514070 TI - Bile leakage after liver biopsy and its diagnosis by HIDA-scan. PMID- 6514071 TI - Intrarenal sodium handling during chronic spironolactone treatment. AB - Intrarenal sodium handling was studied in 8 patients with essential hypertension before spironolactone treatment (200 mg/day), on the 4th day of treatment, and after 3 months of treatment. The results were compared with similar studies with chlorthalidone (50 mg/day). Renal sodium handling was assessed by simultaneous determination of the glomerular filtration rate, sodium, and potassium excretion, and maximal free-water clearance (CH2O). We took CH2O as an index of 'distal' sodium chloride reabsorption from which the proximal sodium reabsorption was calculated. During the first days of spironolactone treatment a natriuresis and increase in urinary flow rate was found. It resulted in a decrease of the extracellular fluid volume amounting to 0.9 liters and a 2.5-fold increase in the plasma renin activity. Potassium excretion showed a small but significant rise. After 3 months, virtually the same degree of volume depletion was found, which was comparable to that obtained after 3 months of chlorthalidone treatment. CH2O, as a fraction of glomerular filtration rate, decreased by 24% both after 3 days and 3 months, whereas proximal sodium reabsorption increased from 87.8 to 90.4% of the filtered load. CH2O, corrected for the 'distal' delivery of sodium, decreased from 85.3 to 80.7%. These changes were nearly the same as those found after 3 months of chlorthalidone treatment. It is concluded from these calculated values that spironolactone inhibits sodium chloride reabsorption in the diluting segment of the nephron and that the resulting increase in sodium delivery or urinary flow to the potassium excretory site partly counteracts the blocking effect of spironolactone on this part of the nephron, thus increasing potassium excretion during the acute administration of this drug. PMID- 6514072 TI - Effect of diets containing varying concentrations of essential fatty acids and triglycerides on renal function in uremic rats and NZB/NZW F1 mice. AB - Influences of essential fatty acids (EFA) and triglycerides as reasons for the progression of chronic renal failure are still in debate. We studied the outcome of four diets containing different concentrations of triglycerides and EFA in 5/6 nephrectomized rats and in NZB/W mice up to 45 weeks. The results showed no significant differences in the outcome of survival rate, proteinuria, urea, and creatinine levels as well as histological findings in the different groups of both animal models. We conclude that diets containing EFA up to C18:2 or being free of EFA or that triglyceride-enriched diets have no influence on the natural course of the renal disease in these both experimental models. PMID- 6514073 TI - Long-term changes in transperitoneal water transport during continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. AB - 9 patients were observed prospectively during 14-40 months 003 continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) treatment. From start of CAPD, each patient recorded dwell time, drained ultrafiltration volume (delta V), initial glucose concentration in dialysate, dialy fluid intake, body weight and blood pressure on a special form. These data, together with monthly values for albumin, urea, creatinin, phosphate, glucose and beta 2-microglobulin in plasma and in instilled dialysate, were later fed into a specially designed computer program to compare changes in the monthly mean (+/- SEM) values. During 5 episodes of peritonitis, daily changes in delta V were also computed. A long-term increase in delta V was found in 4 and a decrease in 5 patients. In all 9 patients delta V changed intermittently. All changes were most pronounced for long dwell times as compared to shorter dwell exchanges. The decrease in delta V started within the first 12 months of treatment. In the daily routine were aware of decreased ultrafiltration capacity in 3 patients only. Intermittent monthly changes in delta V could partly be correlated to changes in daily fluid intake. No correlations were found between long-term changes in delta V and fluid intake. All except 1 patient gained progressively in body weight, but without correlations to fluid balance, blood pressure and plasma albumin concentration. At the start of the observation period, most patients loosing delta V during this study appeared to have a more permeable membrane with a higher absorption rate of glucose and higher equilibration ratios for creatinine and beta 2-microglobulin in 5-hours drained dialysate as compared with the other patients. However, this was not statistically different between the two groups of patients. During the observation period, most patients with decreased delta V also increased transperitoneal solute transport, while the solute transport decreased in patients with increasing delta V, but these changes were only significant for some patients. During peritonitis, delta V decreased significantly 1 day before any other signs of peritonitis. All changes in delta V were most pronounced for long dwell times as compared with short dwell times. It is suggested that changes in ultrafiltration can be related to altered permeability of the peritoneal membrane, which appear earlier and more frequent than suggested by others, and any loss of delta V can be explained by a more permeable ('open') peritoneal membrane. It is also possible that different diseases act differently on the permeability of the peritoneal membrane. PMID- 6514074 TI - Oxygen affinity of erythrocytes and pulmonary gas exchange in patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. AB - In 11 patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis 2,3 diphosphoglycerate, oxygen (O2) affinity of red cells (P50), blood gases, ventilation, and O2 consumption were studied. Contrary to patients on maintenance hemodialysis, 2,3-diphosphoglycerate and P50 were normal in patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis; they were correlated with each other. Arterial O2 pressure was normal; under the conditions of dialysis with 35 mmol lactate per liter dialysis fluid a slight metabolic acidosis persisted; it was combined with a moderate respiratory alkalosis. Position had no influence upon pulmonary gas exchange with the exception of the alveolo-arterial gradient which was elevated when the abdominal cavity was filled with dialysis fluid and the patients assumed the supine position. Ventilation was in the normal range, whereas O2 consumption was low, possibly due to a reduction in muscle mass in some of the patients. It is concluded that pulmonary gas exchange and erythrocyte O2 transport were normal and that O2 requirements tended to be low in this group of patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. PMID- 6514075 TI - Threshold effect of plasma glucose in the glomerular hyperfiltration of diabetes. AB - Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is abnormally high in some, but not all, insulin dependent diabetic patients. The potential importance of this hyperfiltration lies in its possible link with later severe diabetic kidney disease. Inadequate glycaemic control is closely related to hyperfiltration but the mechanisms of the association are obscure. GFR and prevailing plasma glucose concentration were examined in a group of insulin-dependent diabetics without clinical proteinuria and in a group of non-diabetics, and their relationships observed using linear and multiple regression analysis. A positive correlation (r = 0.30, p less than 0.05) is found between mean plasma glucose concentration and GFR up to a mean plasma glucose level of approximately 13.5 mmol/l. Glycaemia in excess of this degree tends to be associated with a lower GFR. Multiple regression analysis confirmed the independence of plasma glucose as a determinant of GFR (p less than 0.05) at concentrations below 13.5 mmol/l. GFR declined significantly with age, but independently of diabetes duration, in the diabetic group (r = -0.48, p less than 0.001). GFR in the control group showed a statistically non-significant decline with age. PMID- 6514076 TI - Trace element concentrations in hair, fingernails and plasma of patients with chronic renal failure on hemodialysis and hemofiltration. AB - Trace element concentrations in hair and fingernails and plasma of nondialyzed, hemodialyzed and hemofiltered patients with chronic renal failure and healthy volunteers were measured by atomic and flameless atomic absorption spectrophotometry and neutron activation analysis. Plasma aluminum concentrations in all three groups of patients were higher than in the controls. Aluminum levels in plasma and red blood cells were higher in hemofiltered patients than in dialyzed patients. The aluminum concentrations in the hair of both nondialyzed and dialyzed patients was higher than in the controls, while that in the hemofiltered patients it was not. These elevated aluminum concentrations appear to be mainly caused by the use of aluminum-contaminated dialysate. Calcium concentrations in the hair of nondialyzed and dialyzed patients were higher than in the controls. Plasma zinc concentrations in all the patients were lower than the controls, and the concentrations in hemofiltered patients were lower than in the dialyzed patients. PMID- 6514077 TI - Diagnostic accuracy of thallium-201 myocardial perfusion imaging in detecting ischemia in patients on regular dialysis treatment. PMID- 6514078 TI - Possible relation between RBC protoporphyrin and aluminum intoxication? PMID- 6514079 TI - [A new material in neurosurgery]. AB - A new alcoholic prolamine solution is now available (ETHIBLOC, supplied by Ethicon, Norderstedt) which can be used in neurosurgery for a variety of purposes. This material hardens quickly in an aqueous medium. Animal experiments have not shown any damaging action on the brain, meninges, or bone. The excellent tolerance of the material was seen in a total of 22 patients operated on with the help of Ethibloc. It is particularly well suited for closing frontal CSF fistulas, incised frontal sinuses, and for rearranging or shunting in case of cerebral vascular deformities. It can also be used as a carrier of antibiotics in osteomyelitis, for covering up minor defects of the dura mater, for dura sealing, and for closing the bone after trephination. The preparation is transformed completely to connective tissue within a period of 40 to 90 days. New techniques of surgery are described which have become possible by the use of Ethibloc. PMID- 6514080 TI - [A physical model on the problem of the slipped clip]. AB - The authors present their physical concept of determining the blade pressure of various aneurysm clips. On the basis of this concept, the consequences for the practical use of such clips are discussed. A new clip for aneurysm surgery is presented. PMID- 6514081 TI - [Glioblastoma of the cerebrum. Clinical course of the disease with special reference to tumor site]. AB - Glioblastomas are radiation-resistant tumours which react only rarely to radiotherapy. Radiotherapy was employed in such cases only where the condition was not clinically dramatic or terminal. A certain degree of improvement was noted in the patients who had been selected in this manner. Chemotherapy has not yielded any success to date. PMID- 6514082 TI - [Operative treatment of cubital tunnel syndrome and late ulnar paralysis by simple decompression. Report on 108 cases]. AB - A follow-up study of 108 cases of cubital tunnel syndrome and tardy ulnar palsy, treated by simple decompression without transposition of the ulnar nerve is presented. Division and resection of the fibrous arch between the two heads of the flexor carpi ulnaris proved to be an efficacious and entirely satisfactory substitute for the more complicated and extensive procedure of volar transposition of the ulnar nerve not only for the cubital tunnel syndrome but also for tardy ulnar palsy and luxation of the ulnar nerve. Only in cases of severe cubitus valgus deformation of the elbow joint is primary transposition of the nerve recommended. Surgical decompression should be done early to get a more complete recovery in a greater number of patients. PMID- 6514083 TI - Congenital dermoid cysts at the anterior fontanelle. Report of three cases in Italian children. AB - The authors report three cases in Italian children of congenital dermoid cyst at the anterior fontanelle. These are the first case reports in Europeans. Their rarity, however, is probably only apparent, since the latest reports in the literature show their wide-spread incidence. The anatomo-clinical and radiological findings and the surgical features of the three cases are described and the main pathological aspects of these cases are briefly discussed. PMID- 6514084 TI - A pontine astrocytoma with radiological evidence of very extensive and dense calcification. Case report. AB - A large densely calcified pilocytic astrocytoma of the brain stem is described. Calcification of a brain stem glioma is exceptional. Radiotherapy and long survival may contribute to this calcification. PMID- 6514085 TI - Developmental effects of drug dependence. Satellite session of meetings of the Committee on Problems of Drug Dependence. 15 June 1983, Lexington, Kentucky. PMID- 6514086 TI - Overview: developmental effects of drug dependence. PMID- 6514087 TI - Nutritional issues in perinatal alcohol exposure. AB - Animal models are important in perinatal alcohol research because they provide an opportunity to study the effects of alcohol while controlling for biological, social and environmental factors which are difficult to control in human studies. One of the variables which has often been overlooked in animal studies, however, is nutrition. Even when there has been an awareness of the need for nutritional controls, such controls have been particularly difficult to implement because alcohol and nutrition interact at so many levels. In this review the interactions of alcohol and nutrition are discussed and some of the methods used to separate effects of alcohol from effects of alcohol-induced malnutrition are considered. In particular, the issues of method of alcohol administration as well as effects of alcohol on nutrient intake, nutrient digestion, absorption and utilization, and nutrient requirements are reviewed. Potentiation of ethanol effects by dietary deficiencies during pregnancy, and possible synergistic effects of alcohol and nutritional deficiencies are described. Finally, the problems inherent in pair-feeding and ad lib feeding control procedures, as well as the issues of diet composition and feeding schedule are discussed. PMID- 6514088 TI - Maternal nonnarcotic substance abuse during pregnancy: effects on infant development. AB - Although maternal ingestion of narcotic substances throughout pregnancy has been of increasing concern over the past two decades in this country, the even more prevalent problem of use and abuse of nonnarcotic substances by the pregnant woman has received little attention. This paper presents data on a group of infants delivered to nonnarcotic-abusing women and compares these infants to a group of infants born to mothers on low-dose methadone maintenance and to a group of infants delivered to drug-free women. Nonnarcotic-exposed infants were of normal birth weight and length and had a normal head circumference; on the other hand, opiate-exposed neonates were of low birth weight and length and had a small head circumference. On the Brazelton Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scales, the nonnarcotic-exposed infants demonstrated irritability and deficits in state control. In long-term follow-up, evaluation of these infants with the Bayley Scales of Infant Development revealed normal scores through 12 months of age. By 24 months of age, scores for all groups, including the control group, began to fall away from the normal range. PMID- 6514089 TI - Adverse effects of ethanol upon the adult sexual behavior of male rats exposed in utero. AB - The effect of fetal and neonatal exposure of male rat pups to alcohol on subsequent growth and development of the testes is examined. In addition, the consequences of such alcohol exposure upon the sexual behavior and performance of these same rats during their adult life is reported. The data suggest that fetal and neonatal alcohol exposure adversely affects gonadal growth and development as well as disturbing adult sexual behavior and performance. PMID- 6514090 TI - Legal applications and implications for neurotoxin research of the developing organism. AB - Research on perinatal/prenatal exposure of the immature organism to neurotoxins, including drugs of abuse, therapeutic drugs, and environmental toxins is of interest not only to the scientific community but to the legal community as well. Research findings on damage to the developing organism are being assimilated into public policy through criminal and civil court decisions as well as the enactment of statutes and administrative regulations. This article describes cases concerning injuries to infants resulting from prenatal or perinatal neurotoxin exposure, relates the interpretation of relevant scientific data to the issues raised by these cases, and presents the interpretations made by the courts in their decisions. The three types of cases discussed deal with drugs of abuse, therapeutic drugs, and environmental toxins. PMID- 6514091 TI - Ethanol in preweanling rats with dams: body temperature unaffected. AB - At an ambient temperature of 24 degrees C, the neonatal rat was found to exhibit poikilothermic characteristics if separated from the dam. On day one after birth, at one hour after separation from dams, the body temperature in rat pups was found to be identical with ambient temperature. Preweanling pups, under these circumstances, were unable to maintain a constant body temperature prior to day 19 postnatally. No differences were observed in body temperatures of rat pups treated chronically (days 6-16 postnatally) with ethanol 4 g/kg body weight (in two 2 g/kg doses three hours apart), as compared with isocaloric isovolumetric milk-, or sham-treated control groups. A significantly lower temperature was observed only at 105 minutes after the first treatment in a group of rats acutely treated (one day only) with ethanol on day 22 postnatally as compared with an isovolumetric water control group. In adult rats, also treated acutely with ethanol, a significant hypothermic response occurred at 105 minutes after the first 2 g/kg dose and persisted during the remainder of the observation period. This study shows that body temperature was unaffected in neonatal Sprague-Dawley rats left with their dams after intubation with ethanol 4 g/kg body weight. Therefore any brain biochemical and/or structural alterations resulting from ethanol exposure, using this animal model, are not due to an ethanol induced hypothermic response. PMID- 6514092 TI - Perinatal exposure to methadone alters sensitivity to drugs in adult rats. AB - Adult rats maternally exposed to methadone during gestation and/or lactation were tested for thermogenic responsiveness and nociceptive thresholds following acute injections of various drugs. Hot-plate latencies were recorded initially and at 1 hr following amphetamine, chloropromazine, cocaine, diazepam, ethanol or morphine administration. Rectal temperatures were recorded initially and 1, 3 and 5 hr after administration of each of these drugs. Perinatal exposure to methadone resulted in tolerance to the thermoregulatory actions of chlorpromazine and amphetamine in at least one sex of each treatment group. However, sensitivity to thermogenic response was recorded following morphine administration in rats exposed to methadone only in utero or during both gestation and lactation. An enhanced sensitivity to nociceptive thresholds was recorded in methadone-treated rats after amphetamine, cocaine and morphine injections. These results, in concert with earlier findings of altered response to methadone challenge, suggest that perinatal exposure to methadone produces specific long-term effects on the neural mechanisms underlying thermoregulation and nociception. PMID- 6514093 TI - Microcomputer-assisted open field measures of rats given ethanol on postnatal days 1-8. AB - This study examined direct effects of postnatally administered ethanol upon growth and adult open field behaviors in male rats. Charles Rivers CD albino rats (13 litters) were used in 5 groups; ethanol, Sustagen, pair-fed, handled, or unhandled. Experimental animals were intragastrically fed ethanol (Sustagen [Mead Johnson] vehicle) twice daily, comparable volumes isocaloric Sustagen, handled or left unhandled. Ethanol doses on postnatal days 1-8, respectively, were: 1, 2, 3, 4, 4, 3, 2, 1 g/kg. Ethanol-pups ceased weight gains at 4 g/kg; a handled pup, kept with a nonlactating female until its body weight matched its ethanol littermate, became a pair-fed control. Group body weights did not differ from day 21 throughout the experiment, day 154. Open field testing (day 120-124) used microcomputer programs to record event times and frequencies. Ethanol-treated rats had lower activity and longer start latencies (p less than 0.05) but did not differ on other computer-timed measures. Unhandled animals displayed some differences. When underfeeding effects are eliminated, ethanol (up to 4 g/kg) given on postnatal days 1-8 produced open field activity changes that persisted until day 120. PMID- 6514094 TI - Disruption of learned and spontaneous alternation in the rat by trimethyltin: chronic effects. AB - Trimethyltin (TMT) is a known neurotoxin which produces behavioral anomalies including hyperactivity, aggressiveness, perseveration, and learning deficits. These dysfunctions appear to be related to a severe loss of neurons in the hippocampal formation of the TMT-treated rat. In order to assess the effect of TMT exposure upon spontaneous and learned alternation, male Long-Evans rats were pretested for reinforced spontaneous alternation and then treated with either 7 mg/kg of TMT [( CH3]3SnCl) or the 0.9% NaCl vehicle. After treatment these groups were further subdivided and half of each group was tested in a "T" maze for reinforced spontaneous alternation while the remainder was tested for learned alternation. The TMT-treated rats uniformly ran faster on the second choice of reinforced spontaneous alternation tests than did controls. In addition, the TMT treated rats made fewer alternations than controls, regardless of whether or not only successful alternations were being reinforced. These results are discussed in light of the known neurobehavioral consequences of TMT exposure. PMID- 6514095 TI - Effects of chronic manganese intake on the levels of biogenic amines in rat brain regions. AB - After eight months of chronic manganese intake a significant decrease in the concentration of NA in striatum and pons of rats treated with 0.1 mg Mn/ml water was produced. A highly significant decrease in the levels of DOPAC was found in striatum and hypothalamus of rats receiving 0.1 and 1.0 mg Mn/ml water. HVA content diminished in the striatum of the 0.1 mg Mn/ml group. The concentration of 5-HT was reduced in midbrain of rats ingesting 1.0 mg Mn/ml water. 5-HIAA was found to be diminished in hippocampus and pons of the same group of animals and in the hippocampus of the 0.1 mg Mn/ml group. According to our findings serotonergic neurons seem to be less sensitive to manganese poisoning than catecholaminergic neurons. PMID- 6514097 TI - Effects of chronic exposure to alcohol on the developing brain. AB - In this investigation using Golgi techniques, the relative effects of chronic alcohol exposure and malnutrition were studied in the developing cerebral cortex of the rat. Female Sprague-Dawley albino rats were placed on one of three dietary regimens for an eight-week conditioning period: an ethanol-containing (E) liquid diet, a liquid control (LC) diet isocaloric with the E diet, and a rat chow (CH) diet. The E and LC groups were pair-fed and all diets were continued through pregnancy and lactation. In comparison to the control groups, the E group showed a significant reduction in body and brain weight with a decrease in cerebral cortical width, density of basal, oblique, and terminal spines, and extent of oblique dendrites in layer IIIb somesthetic cortical pyramidal neurons. These findings indicate that changes in the cerebral cortex in the developing rat chronically exposed to alcohol cannot be explained by malnutrition alone. PMID- 6514096 TI - An investigation of prenatal cannabis exposure and minor physical anomalies in a low risk population. AB - The offspring of 25 cannabis using women and the offspring of 25 matched controls were examined for the presence of a number of minor physical anomalies (MPA's). None of the anomalies noted occurred more frequently among the offspring of cannabis users. The number of anomalies present in an individual was not correlated with any of the maternal variables of cannabis, nicotine, or alcohol use or with maternal nutritional status during the first trimester. Children with "high" anomaly scores (i.e., more than three anomalies) had not experienced more fetal distress or neonatal difficulty than had children with low anomaly scores. Although a pattern of anomalies was not detected among the offspring of cannabis users, two anomalies, true ocular hypertelorism and severe epicanthus, were found only among children of heavy users of cannabis. PMID- 6514098 TI - Some aspects of feeding and locomotor activity in adult rats exposed to tetraethyl lead. AB - The potential relationship between concomitant changes in feeding behavior and locomotor activity in rats exposed to tetraethyl lead (TTEL) was investigated. Two groups of rats were injected IP with a dose of TTEL (7 mg/kg) that depresses food intake. One group served as a control to replicate this effect. Animals in the second lead group were food yoked to animals in a placebo group. Food intake of rats in group 2 was maintained at or near the level of their yoked control via intragastric intubation. Food loads did not maintain body weights at control levels; however, locomotor activity level in both lead treated groups was significantly elevated above controls during normophagic periods when body weights approximated control levels as well as during hypophagic, low body weight periods. These observations suggest that activity shifts are not mediated in a simple way by factors linked to reduced food intake. Two additional experiments were briefly reported in which TTEL-exposed rats were challenged with 2-deoxy-D glucose and insulin, either during their hypophagic phase or during a later recovered (normophagic) period. Feeding in response to glucoprivic challenge was similar to that of control animals under both conditions. Results were discussed. PMID- 6514099 TI - Neurophysiological effects of 30 day chronic exposure to toluene in rats. AB - Long-Evans hooded rats were exposed to 1000 ppm toluene or 0 ppm toluene 6 hr/day, 5 days/week for 30 days. Following removal from the exposure conditions (18-26 hr) flash-evoked potentials were recorded to paired light flashes and pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) seizure properties were examined. No alterations were found in the response to the first flash, but alterations in the recoverability of the nervous system were demonstrated by significant latency shifts in the response to the second of the paired flashes, using first flash latencies as covariates. No significant alterations were found in PTZ seizures. The data indicated that at these exposure levels toluene produced a small but significant alteration in brain function, even after toluene had been completely metabolized. PMID- 6514100 TI - Trimethyltin reduces recurrent inhibition in rats. AB - Rats with electrodes chronically implanted in the perforant path for electrical stimulation, and dentate gyrus for recording were treated with a single oral administration of either saline, 5 mg/kg trimethyltin (TMT) or 6 mg/kg TMT. Recurrent inhibition was assessed by paired pulse activation of the perforant path input to the dentate gyrus. The measure of recurrent inhibition employed was the ratio of the population spike amplitudes of the responses to the first and second of the paired stimuli. Inhibition was assessed immediately before, and at 2, 24 and 120 hr following TMT. The results indicated a reduction in inhibition as early as 2 hr following treatment, suggesting that TMT-induced destruction of hippocampal pyramidal cells may be secondary to their over-activation from an uninhibited mossy fiber system. PMID- 6514101 TI - Factors affecting the outcome of maternal alcohol exposure: I. Parity. AB - Despite relatively comparable amounts of alcohol ingestion, not all women who drink excessively give birth to children with fetal alcohol effects. One reason for this differential effect may be maternal parity. To explore this question, pregnant rats of the same age but different parities (first and fourth pregnancy) were intubated during pregnancy with alcohol. Whereas both parity and alcohol exposure independently affected birth weight and perinatal mortality, there was no interaction between the two suggesting that parity per se is not a factor contributing to the differential effects of maternal alcohol consumption on offspring. PMID- 6514102 TI - Mitotic arrest in the developing CNS after prenatal exposure to methylmercury. AB - Methylmercury is toxic to both the mature and the developing nervous system. One mechanism of its effects on the developing neonatal cerebellum is its interference with cell production by mitotic arrest. To investigate whether this mechanism is active in the prenatal CNS, fetuses exposed to methylmercury were compared to control fetuses 24 hours or 48 hours after an 8 mg/kg dose to their dams. By the first sacrifice time, levels of Hg203 in fetuses approached the level in the dam, and by the second sacrifice time methylmercury-exposed fetuses weighed significantly less than controls. Four regions of the developing brain were studied to evaluate methylmercury effects on mitotic activity. General measures such as mitotic index, number of proliferative cells, and thickness of the proliferative zone were not reduced by treatment in any region at either sacrifice time. In contrast, each region showed evidence of methylmercury effects on the pattern of mitosis. Exposed fetuses had increased numbers of early mitotic figures, decreased numbers of late mitotic figures, or a decrease in the proportion of cells reaching late mitosis. Thus, neurons produced during gestation, like those produced postnatally, appear to be sensitive to methylmercury's antimitotic action. Whether the arrest of these cells leads to a permanent reduction in neuron number, as it does in neonates, remains to be investigated. PMID- 6514103 TI - Early sensory-motor development and prenatal exposure to lead. AB - As part of a longitudinal study of the early developmental effects of exposure to lead, we administered the Bayley Scales of Infant Development at age 6 months to infants classified into three groups based on their umbilical cord blood lead levels ("low": mean = 1.8 micrograms/dl; "mid": mean = 6.5 micrograms/dl; "high": mean = 14.6 micrograms/dl). No infant had a cord blood lead level greater than 30 micrograms/dl, the level currently regarded as the upper limit of "normal" for young children. Multiple regression analyses indicated that high cord blood levels were associated with lower covariance-adjusted scores on the Mental Development Index. Scores on the Psychomotor Development Index were not significantly related to cord blood lead level. The level of lead in blood at 6 months of age was not associated with scores on either the Mental or Psychomotor Development Index. These data are compatible with the hypothesis that low levels of lead delivered transplacentally are toxic to infants. PMID- 6514104 TI - Long term effects of callosal lesions in the auditory cortex of rats of different ages. AB - The corpus callosum was sectioned in groups of rats 3, 12, and 24 months of age, and the auditory cortex was examined three months later to determine whether there were age-related differences in the morphological response to the partial deafferentation. Material from the three groups of long-term callosally-lesioned rats were compared with three groups of age-matched control animals. Analysis focused on those cortical layers known to receive the heaviest callosal projection (layers II and III) and those neurons known to be postsynaptic to callosal afferents (layer V pyramidal neurons). There were no age-related changes in cortical thickness or in the relative thickness of the cortical layers in the control groups. However, the apical dendrites of layer V pyramidal neurons did lose dendritic spines and became thinner with age. In all three lesion groups, the cortex became thinner without altering the relative thickness of cortical layers; there was a decrease in the relative density of apical dendrite spines in layer III, but an increase in the density of these spines in layer IV. Both effects varied with age. Spine decreases in layer III were greatest in older animals and spine increases in layer IV were greatest in younger animals. The mean diameters of apical dendrites decreased in the youngest group of lesioned animals but increased in the oldest group. The results indicate that the effects of callosal deafferentation are age dependent. PMID- 6514105 TI - Acetylcholinesterase activity in senile plaques of aged macaques. AB - A modified acetylcholinesterase (AChE)-histochemical technique, which demonstrates axonal morphology to a high degree, was used to examine the neocortices of aged monkeys. This approach disclosed slender linear axonal profiles in young animals. In older monkeys, there was a variety of abnormalities of AChE-containing fibers, including multifocal distensions of individual fibers and aggregations of neurite-sized, AChE-rich swellings. Combined with thioflavin T staining to visualize amyloid, this histochemical technique showed that some of these AChE-containing fibers were present in proximity to deposits of amyloid. This association suggests that abnormal AChE-rich axons participate in the formation of some senile plaques in the neocortices of aged nonhuman primates. While it is probable that many of these AChE-rich fibers are axons of cholinergic neurons residing in the basal forebrain, it is also likely that some of these fibers are derived from noncholinergic neuronal populations known to synthesize AChE. Immunocytochemical strategies can be used to assess the involvement of other systems, including cholinergic, noradrenergic, dopaminergic, somatostatinergic, and serotonergic neurons in the formation of senile plaques in the brains of aged nonhuman primates. PMID- 6514106 TI - Effect of aging on cerebral cortex energy metabolism in hypoglycemia and posthypoglycemic recovery. AB - Severe hypoglycemia, causing the cessation of spontaneous EEG, induced in cerebral cortex of rats of different ages, causes gross energy failure and extensive derangement of both carbohydrate and amino acid contents. During posthypoglycemic recovery of adult rats, there was moderate restitution of energy metabolism and both ATP concentration and adenine nucleotide pool remained still reduced, even if the creatine phosphate and ADP contents were close to normal. During recovery of adult rats there was a rise in glutamate and glutamine concentrations and the perturbated aspartate and gamma-aminobutyrate cerebral contents normalized. Ammonia content decreased to normal, while alanine content was markedly elevated. Aging does not affect the cerebral metabolic derangements occurring in severe hypoglycemia, but rather the metabolic changes that the brain tend to reverse during the posthypoglycemic restitution. In fact, there was lower restitution of the contents of cerebral cortical metabolites of "mature" and "senescent" rats in comparison with "adult" ones. Particularly, in older brains the contents of many amino acids and adenylate nucleotides remained largely abnormal. PMID- 6514107 TI - Influence of aging on cerebral derangement by acute severe hypoxia during hypovolemic hypotension. AB - In synaptosomes isolated from the motor area of the cerebral cortex of beagle dogs and incubated in Krebs-Henseleit-Hepes buffer (for 10 min at 24 degrees C), the energetic state was defined by the balance of the labile phosphates (ATP, ADP, AMP, and creatine phosphate), the redox state of the intramitochondrial NAD couple, and the respiratory rate. By the experimental model utilized in the present research, it is possible to evaluate the potential synaptosomal damage induced by the in vivo hypoxic insult. Aging affects the phosphorylation state of the posthypoxic incubated synaptosomes. Although the oxygen consumption rate is the same in the synaptosomal fractions from the motor area of hypoxic beagle dogs of different ages, the cytochrome c and a contents are lower in the preparations from older brains. This points to higher activity of cytochromes in the synaptosomes from "mature" and "senescent" hypoxic animals. In dogs of different ages, hypoxia lowers the respiration of the synaptosomes but aging affects the oxygen consumption rates only in post-hypoxic synaptosomes incubated with succinate. In synaptosomes isolated from older hypoxic brains, the free energy utilized for the synthesis of two moles of ATP (delta GATP) is progressively lower than that released upon the transfer of electrons from the NADH to cytochrome c (delta Gox-red). PMID- 6514108 TI - Cholinergic drug effects and brain muscarinic receptor binding in aged rats. AB - Muscarinic systems are significantly altered in the brains of laboratory animals and man as a result of normal aging. Cholinergic neurotransmission in cerebral cortex and hippocampus is also severely impaired in a major age-related neurological disorder, Alzheimer's disease. The objective of these studies was to assess specific 3H-quinuclidinyl benzilate (3H-QNB) binding to brain muscarinic receptors in young, adult and senescent Fischer 344 rats, and to relate receptor changes to differences in the pharmacologic actions of cholinergic drugs. Muscarinic receptor density declined with advanced age in the frontal cortex, corpus striatum and hypothalamus, but no age-related changes in receptor affinity were observed. Specific binding of 3H-QNB in hippocampus was not significantly altered. In contrast, the in vivo effects of oxotremorine (hypothermia and antinociception) were markedly enhanced in aged rats, whereas scopolamine-induced locomotor activity was reduced. Hence, senescent rats were more sensitive to the pharmacologic actions of a cholinergic agonist, but less responsive than young rats to a muscarinic antagonist. These seemingly contradictory results of binding experiments and pharmacological studies could be due, in part, to changes in subtypes of brain muscarinic receptors with advanced age. Alternatively, the age related differences in cholinergic drug effects may reflect a decreased ability of the senescent animal to adapt to changes in its environment. PMID- 6514109 TI - Lifetime brain serotonin: regional effects of age and precursor availability. AB - In the rat, regional brain serotonin levels which do not change from 2-30 months of age are increased at 36 months. Corresponding catecholamine levels progressively decrease. Feeding a diet restricted in the amino acid tryptophan (the precursor of serotonin) from weaning to two years of age markedly reduces serotonin levels in all brain regions and lowers norepinephrine levels in the cerebral hemispheres. Regional activity of synthesizing (tyrosine and tryptophan hydroxylases) and catabolizing enzymes (MAO-A) does not change markedly with age or dietary manipulation except for sporadic increases in tryosine hydroxylase activity in pair-fed animals. Returning the tryptophan-deficient animals to a normal diet produces a certain degree of rehabilitation the effectiveness of which varies with the function considered: Impaired brain serotonin levels recover moderately but remain lower than controls as late as 36 months, growth is never completely compensated, and norepinephrine levels show a rebound increase. PMID- 6514110 TI - Suppression of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) with liposome encapsulated protease inhibitor: therapy through the blood-brain barrier. AB - Experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) is an experimentally induced autoallergic demyelinating disease which is caused by immunization with a particular neuroantigen, such as myelin basic protein (MBP). Results have suggested that protease inhibitors might be useful therapeutically. Leupeptin (acetyl-L-leucyl-L-leucyl-argininal), a protease inhibitor of tripeptide nature, was effective in suppressing EAE in guinea pigs, when administered in a form of liposomes consisting of egg lecithin, cholesterol and sulfatide. The drug seemed to be transported into the central nervous system (CNS) tissues across the blood brain barrier with the aid of a particular type of liposomes as vehicle. Some outbred Hartley guinea pigs completely recovered from distinct symptoms of EAE, such as loss of weight, paralysis, incontinence and/or diarrhea, when treated i.p. every day with lecithin-cholesterol-sulfatide (molar ratio, 4:5:1) reverse phase evaporation vesicles-encapsulated leupeptin (REV-Leu) from day 6 after sesitization with 30 micrograms of bovine MBP. Scarcely any typical histopathological changes of EAE were found in the CNS of most survivors treated with REV-Leu. PMID- 6514111 TI - Glial cell growth in culture: influence of living cell substrata. AB - The role of the microenvironment in the growth of glial cells in culture has been the topic of ongoing research in this laboratory. Recently, we reported a study on the contribution of fibroblast cell substratum and extracellular matrix in glial cell growth. In the present study we report data concerning a) the influence of a neuronal-enriched living substratum from chick embryo on the growth of glial cells derived from chick embryonic brain and plated onto the substratum; b) the influence of dissociated cells derived from chick embryonic brain on the growth of established glial cells in culture, and c) the influence of dissociated cells derived from adult rat spinal cord on the growth of established glial cells from newborn rat in culture. The activities of glutamine synthetase (GS) and 2', 3'-cyclic nucleotide 3'-phosphohydrolase (CNP) were the biochemical probes determined for astrocytes and oligodendrocytes, respectively. We found that glial growth as assessed by both enzyme activities, was enhanced when a nervous tissue derived cell population was plated onto a glial-enriched substratum, whereas glial growth was inhibited when the neuronal-enriched population was the cell substratum. PMID- 6514112 TI - Metabolic studies in vitro of the CNS cytoskeletal proteins: synthesis and degradation. AB - General aspects of metabolic features of the most prominent CNS intermediate filament proteins, the 200,000 (200K), 150,000 (150K), and 70,000 (70K) dalton proteins of the neuron, and the glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) have been explored using the incubated spinal cord slice from the rat. Measurement of short term uptake of 3H-labeled amino acids into the individual proteins separated on polyacrylamide gels revealed that of the three neurofilament proteins, 200K was most metabolically active, 150K was less active, and 70K contained very little incorporated radioactivity. Glial fibrillary acidic protein based on Coomassie blue stain affinity showed less metabolic activity than any of the neurofilament proteins. Those relationships were constant at all ages, but the metabolic activity of all CNS intermediate filaments decreased with age. When Ca2+ was present in the medium of the incubated slices, the intermediate filaments were rapidly destroyed, but GFAP was more resistant to degradation than the neurofilament proteins. GFAP and probably the neurofilament proteins also were relatively resistant to Ca2+-activated degradative mechanisms in spinal cords of rats at younger ages (15 day) than in those of older animals (10-18 months). It is likely that the Ca2+ activated protease is less active in developing animals in which the nerve tracts are still elongating, than in adults. These results suggest that GFAP is less active metabolically and more resistant to degradation than the neurofilament proteins at all stages of maturation, but that metabolic activity of all CNS intermediate filaments decreases with age while the susceptibility to degradation increases. PMID- 6514113 TI - Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide-binding sites in the myelin proteolipid. AB - Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCCD), an inhibitor of proton translocation, has been shown to bind preferentially to the myelin proteolipid and to inhibit proton movement in liposomes containing the proteolipid (Lin, L. and Lees, M. 1982. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 79:941-945). In the present study the location of the DCCD-binding site(s) in the sequence of the myelin proteolipid has been investigated. Of the 11 dicarboxylic acid residues theoretically available for binding, Asp 149 has been positively identified as a binding site. Seven dicarboxylic acid residues have essentially been ruled out as binding sites and one site has been tentatively ruled out. The status of the two remaining sites has not been determined. PMID- 6514114 TI - [Late epilepsy among the population of Kielce and selected communities in Kielce province]. AB - The authors defined the morbidity index of late epilepsy (MI) on the ground of notified cases in the population aged over 20 years (with first seizure past the age of 20 years) comprising 228273 individuals (125453 living in towns and 102820 living in villages) in the years 1979-1980. The index was calculated per 1000 of the population. The general index was 2.23 (males--2.77; females--1.72). The value of the index was highest in the age group 20-29 years (3.75) and 40-49 years (2.58) in males, and in females this value was also at its peaks in these age groups (2.63 and 1.93, respectively). In the whole population the index had also two peaks in these age groups: 3.21 and 2.55 respectively. In the urban population the general index was 2.33 (2.77 in males and 1,91 in females) being again highest in the age groups 20-29 and 40-49 years. Similar peaks were found in these age groups in the urban male and female populations. In the rural population the general index was 2.11 (males 2.77, females 1.49) and the peaks were in the age groups 20-29 and 30-39 years. In males these peaks were in the age groups 20-29 and 40-49, and in females in the groups 20-29 and 30-39 years. The lowest index value was in the age group over 60 years in the whole population (1.22), in the urban population (1.62 and in the rural population (0.91). In further studies on epilepsy the method of active search for epilepsy cases with full clinical and epidemiological analysis is being used. PMID- 6514115 TI - [Humoral immunological reactivity in subacute sclerosing panencephalitis]. AB - In a group of 37 children with SSPE serum protein and cerebrospinal fluid electrophoresis was done (in 34 and 25 cases respectively) determining immunoglobulins in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid in all 37 cases. The obtained results demonstrated a lack of correlation between the changes observed in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid. The most frequent change in the serum was a rise in alpha 2 globulin level (85%) and reduced IgA level (58%), while in the cerebrospinal fluid a rise in gamma globulins (92% of cases) and IgG (100%) was observed most frequently. A comparison of these results with past history of measles, with the clinical course of SSPE and with the survival time of the children showed no correlations. Measles antibodies were determined in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid in 37 children, and the determinations, were repeated several times in the serum of all children and in the cerebrospinal fluid of 9 children. Measles antibodies were found in the serum in all children and in the cerebrospinal fluid in 21 children (57%). The highest titres of antibodies above 1:32 in the cerebrospinal fluid were demonstrated in children with measles at the age up to 2 years. The prognosis was worst in children with acute onset of the disease preceded frequently by cranial injury or infection, with a high serum antibody level and absence of antibody in the cerebrospinal fluid. PMID- 6514116 TI - [Conduction in the motor neurons of the peripheral nerves in hemiplegia of cerebral origin]. AB - A study of motor nerve conduction velocities in median, ulnar, peroneal and tibial nerves bilaterally in 50 hemiplegic patients revealed a statistically significant slowing in the affected limbs compared with the unaffected side. The decrease of nerve conduction velocity was not related to any of the following factors: duration of stroke, degree of paralysis, degree of spasticity, side of paralysis, age of patients, and sex ef patients. The results can indicate that lower motor neurons are indeed affected by upper motor neuron lesions. The slowing of the nerve conduction velocity of motor peripheral nerves is probably due to the loss of trophic influence from higher centres or its decline. The author suggests that this phenomenon leads to a selective deterioration of thick nerve fibres while only thinner ones continue conducting impulses. PMID- 6514117 TI - [Tactics in radical operations on the spine and spinal cord]. AB - The authors discuss the tactics in the surgical approach in radical operations on the spinal cord, cauda and spine. The discussion is based on 1972 operations on the spine and spinal cord. The group of radical operations comprises 192 cases. The operative mortality in this material was 1%. The authors believe that the surgical tactics in these diseases should be considerate but also as radical as possible. PMID- 6514118 TI - [Diabetes insipidus as a preliminary sign of brain tumor]. AB - The author reports three young male patients with fairly suddenly developing symptoms of diabetes insipidus preceding by 3-10 months the appearance of extensive neurological changes, with prevailing syndrome of increased intracranial pressure. In 2 cases metastases of bronchial carcinoma to the hypothalamus, occipital lobe and hypophysis were found. The survival time was 3-5 months after the appearance of the first symptoms. In the third patient intracranial pinealoma was diagnosed intravitally and the diagnosis was confirmed by computer tomography, intraoperative inspection and autopsy. The survival time was 15 months after the first symptoms. PMID- 6514119 TI - [A case of hematomyelia]. AB - The authors report haematomyelia developing in a 43-year-old man following a slight spinal trauma. The clinical course was severe but the prognosis was good. PMID- 6514120 TI - [Newly described form of idiopathic headache--so-called chronic paroxysmal hemicrania (Sjaastad syndrome)]. AB - The authors discuss the new form of headache described in 1974 by Sjaastad differing from other headaches known as yet occurring in attacks: chronic paroxymal hemicrania. Attacks resembling cluster headaches have a shorter duration (10-20 minutes) and occur more frequently (up to 30 times daily). An important feature is complete disappearance of headache after indomethacine. Two own cases are reported and the pathomechanism of attacks is discussed. PMID- 6514121 TI - [A case of spontaneous cerebrospinal rhinorrhea]. AB - The authors report a case of idiopathic rhinorrhoea in a woman aged 53 years caused by a developmental anomaly of the horizontal lamina of the cribriform bone. Plastic operation of the floor of the anterior cranial fossa was performed. PMID- 6514122 TI - [Subarachnoid hemorrhage from a fusiform aneurysm of the anterior cerebral artery]. AB - A female patient is reported with a fusiform aneurysm of the anterior cerebral artery. It is stressed that fusiform aneurysms rarely cause haemorrhages, this risk is always present and they should be excluded from cerebral circulation if only the haemodynamic conditions make this possible. PMID- 6514123 TI - [The outcome of acute subdural hematoma]. AB - Thirty-five cases of acute subdural hematoma (ASDH) were reviewed and divided into two groups of A and B according to the outcome. The findings of computed tomography (CT) and the time interval between head trauma and surgical intervention were investigated to know the factors that influence the prognosis in ASDH. Group A, 18 patients, had a poor outcome. Fifteen patients out of 18 had the removal of hematoma and decompression craniectomy with 10 deaths, 4 vegetative states and 1 severe disability. Three patients died without surgery. Group B, 17 patients, were treated surgically in the same way as in group A and all patients had a good recovery with 14 making a full recovery and 3 with a moderate disability. Surgical mortality was 31.3% and overall mortality was 37.1%. The features of the CT findings in 18 patients of group A were as follows. Eleven patients had midline shift of more than 15 mm, 9 had subdural high density area of more than 15 mm and 12 patients had bilateral collapse of the lateral ventricles. The characteristic finding of CT recognized in all patients of group A was disappearance of the ambient cistern. On the contrary, in 17 patients of group B the displacement of the intracranial structure was not so severe as in group A. The midline shift of 14 patients was less than 7.5 mm, the width of subdural high density area of 15 patients was less than 7.5 mm and the ambient cistern was recognized in 12 patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6514125 TI - [Sustained-release pellet of vasodilators--basic experiment]. AB - We examined the efficacy of slow-release, and prolonged diffusion silicone pellets mixed with papaverine hydrochloride in the treatment of cerebral vasospasms following subarachnoid hemorrhage. In addition the diffusion of the other vasodilating agents (diltiazem and nicardipine) into the saline solution using the same silicone materials was also investigated. Papaverine hydrochloride was either packed in silicone tubes (packed type) or polymerized with silicone elastomer, Silastic MDX-4-4210 (solid type). The solid type pellet is cylindrical (diameter 3 mm, length 30 mm) and contains 40 w/v% of pure powder of papaverine. The amount of the delivered drug was measured for 5 weeks at 37 degrees C and at room temperature. The diffusion rate of the solid type pellet was about 5 times higher than that of the packed one. The diffusion rates of both types of pellets were about 10 times higher at 37 degrees C than at room temperature. The cummulative amount of the delivered drug from the solid type pellet was 37.1% of the initial packed volume at 37 degrees C in the first 3 weeks. The diffusion of diltiazem and nicardipine which were polymerized 30 w/v% in silicone elastomer was observed for 3 weeks at 37 degrees C only in solid type pellet form. The diffusion rate was measured under the condition of either continuous shaking or standing. The results showed the same diffusion rates for diltiazem and nicardipine, with no difference in diffusion rate between the "shaking" and "standing" groups. The diffusion rate showed inverse exponential curves, and was 5-20 X 10(-5)/day/mm2 of initial volume until 5 days.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6514124 TI - [Flow cytometric studies of human brain tumors. Part 4: Metastatic tumors]. AB - The distribution of DNA content in 12 cases of metastatic brain tumor, 6 cases of primary lung cancer and 6 cases of primary breast cancer were studied by flow cytometry. According to the pattern of DNA histogram, 12 specimens of metastatic brain tumors were classified into 3 types. Six cases of type I showed a sharp peak in 2C with large numbers of cells in 4C, 4 cases of type II showed the highest peak near 3C with a small peak in 2C, and 2 cases of type III showed a shift of the peak to the right near 4-5C. Type II and III seemed to have two different kinds of the cells which were mixed with normal brain cells or blood cells showing small peak in 2C and tumor cells showing the highest peak in 3C to 5C. Primary lung cancer and breast cancer were also divided into 2 types of DNA histogram, which were similar to those of metastatic brain tumors as type I and type II. Although there was no case of metastatic brain tumor having a DNA histogram of primary tumor in the same case, DNA patterns of metastatic brain tumors might be related to those of primary tumors because of the similarity of the histograms. It was difficult to disclose the primary sites or histological types of metastatic brain tumors from the type of DNA histograms but flow cytometric analysis revealed the characteristic patterns such as type II and III in metastatic brain tumors. We consider that these patterns might be of clinical diagnostic value in flow cytometric study. PMID- 6514126 TI - [Clinical application of a Biballoon indwelling intraluminal shunt system for carotid endarterectomy]. AB - Clinical applications of newly developed shunt system for carotid endarterectomy were described. The shunt is a silicone tube equipped with balloons at both ends (Biballoon indwelling intraluminal shunt). The blood leak from the gap between a shunt tube and the inner wall of the carotid artery is prevented by inflating balloons after shunt insertion. This shunt system was used in seven cases of cerebral infarction resulted from the carotid stenosis and was proved to be more convenient than other known shunts. PMID- 6514127 TI - [Pisio-hamate hiatus syndrome]. AB - Two patients with atrophy and weakness of intrinsic had muscles innervated by the deep branch of the ulnar nerve except abductor digiti quinti muscle and without any sensory symptoms were reported. They were house-wives aged thirty and fourty four, respectively, without any specific history of trauma or occupation. Neurological and neurophysiological examination pointed out that the lesion situated in the deep branch of the ulnar nerve. Both of them were operated on. At operation, no abnormal structure were found in the canal of Guyon, though, the deep branch of the ulnar nerve was enlarged at the pisio-hamate hiatus where the branch to the abductor digiti quinti has taken off. In one of the cases, microsurgical removal of the epineurium of the deep branch revealed that each funiculus has lost its course into irregularly enlarged mass, which thought to be neoplastic change. In this case the deep branch was replaced by cable grafts about two centimeters in length by using the sural nerve. Histological findings of this case were as follows: there was no neoplastic or inflammatory change, there was no normal axon pa surviving and that very little regenerated axon and marked interneural fibrosis were observed, which indicates that the nerve lesion was caused by chronic compression. In the other case, the attachment of the membranous tendon of the flexor digiti quinti brevis and opponence digiti quinti muscle to the hook of the hamate was removed. No marked improvement was obtained in both of the cases, because they were too late to be operated on (ten and three years has passed since they noticed muscular atrophy, respectively). PMID- 6514128 TI - [A case of subependymoma of the septum pellucidum]. AB - A 72-year-old-female was admitted because of slight disorientation and urinary incontinence. CT scan on admission revealed isodensity mass in the portion of the septum pellucidum and dilated lateral ventricle with patcy enhancement. A patient underwent the right frontal osteplastic craniotomy and subtotal removal of the tumor. Microscopical examination of the removed tumor tissue revealed a typical finding of subependymoma. In the previous literature subependymoma of the septum pellucidum has been reported only seven cases. We reported a rare case of subependymoma derived from the septum pellucidum, and histopathology and symptomatology of the tumor were discussed with the literature. PMID- 6514129 TI - [A case report of post-traumatic syringomyelia]. AB - A case of posttraumatic syringomyelia which appeared 26 years after the injury was presented. A patient was 61 year old female, who sustained thoraco-lumbar spine injuries rendering her to paraplegic in 1954. Eleven months later she had an operation of T6-T9 and L1-L2 laminectomies and regained motor and sensory functions of the both lower extremities. She was ambulatory with crutches till 1979. In 1980, burning pain was noticed in the left scapular region, and thereafter, extended to the ulnar side of the left forearm. The pain became progressively worse and intractable. Analgesics were ineffective. Two years later muscle atrophies and weakness in the left finger intrinsic muscles appeared. Absent deep tendon reflexes in the left upper extremity, dissociated sensory loss (in the left C2-S1 and right T5-T12 dermatomes) and paraparesis were also documented. Metrizamide CT scan performed 24 hours after the intrathecal injection disclosed an intramedullary syrinx between C2 and L1 vertebral levels. No communication with the fourth ventricle was seen. A syringoperitoneal shunt with low pressure valve was placed. The pain subsided immediately after this procedure. However, no improvement in motor and sensory functions were observed. Pathophysiological mechanisms involved in post-traumatic syrinx formation and its development were discussed. We prefer hypothesis proposed by Ball and Dayan to Gardner's hydrodynamic theory regarding to development of the syrinx secondary to spinal cord injury. PMID- 6514130 TI - Osmotic mechanisms regulating cerebrospinal fluid vasopressin and oxytocin in the conscious rat. AB - The effect of intraventricular and intravenous (i.v.) hypertonic saline on plasma and perfusate arginine vasopressin (AVP) and oxytocin (OT) levels was determined. A push-pull technique was used to sample third ventricular cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the conscious unrestrained rat. Intraventricular perfusion of hypertonic saline caused a 6.1- and 4.2-fold increase in perfusate levels of AVP and OT. Plasma levels with the same stimulus increased 3.5-fold for AVP and 3.4-fold for OT. Peak levels of the peptides occurred at 30 and 60 min in the CSF perfusate and plasma, respectively. Thus, the central peptide response occurred earlier and was of a greater magnitude than the systemic one. Intravenous hypertonic saline administration caused a rapid (15 min) increase in plasma AVP and OT, changes of 12.6- and 22.9-fold. Perfusate AVP did not change with i.v. hypertonic saline while OT was increased 10-fold. Two types of recovery experiments were performed (1) in which the rate of disappearance of 125I-labeled peptides from CSF was determined and (2) in which total body water was labeled with 3H2O and the amount of dilution determined. Both techniques showed that recovery of endogenous CSF in the push-pull perfusate was approximately 15%. Thus, the perfusate peptide levels represent an underestimation of in vivo secretion. Osmotic stimuli elicit specific changes in the third ventricular levels of AVP and OT. The differential response in the two hormones to i.v. hypertonic saline shows a uniqueness in the mechanisms controlling the central secretion of AVP and OT. PMID- 6514131 TI - GABA agonists inhibit the vasopressin-dependent pressor effects of central angiotensin II. AB - Previous studies have demonstrated that intraventricular (IVT) administration of low doses of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) agonists reduced the pressor effects of centrally injected angiotensin II (AII). The following studies were designed to determine if GABA agonists acted to inhibit the pressor response of AII through blockade of the vasopressin-dependent pressor component. Following pretreatment with a vascular vasopressin antagonist, the pressor response of IVT administered AII was reduced approximately 50%. Hypophysectomy produced a similar reduction in this pressor response. These results suggested that vasopressin contributed to one-half of the pressor response of AII. In order to generate a vasopressin-dependent response, the sympathetic nervous system was eliminated with ganglionic blockade by chlorisondamine. The increase in arterial pressure produced by IVT injected AII after ganglionic blockade was augmented compared to untreated rats. This potentiated pressor effect of IVT administered AII after chlorisondamine treatment was markedly reduced by a vascular vasopressin antagonist or by hypophysectomy. Therefore, the pressor effect of AII after ganglionic blockade was caused principally by the pressor actions of arginine vasopressin (AVP). This AVP-dependent pressor effect of IVT injected AII was reduced by pretreatment with 100 micrograms of GABA or 50 ng of the GABA agonist muscimol. These doses of GABA and muscimol have previously been shown to reduce the pressor response of IVT administered AII by approximately 60% in untreated rats. Thus, pretreatment with low doses of GABA agonists reduced the pressor effect of IVT injected AII in part by inhibiting the vasopressin component of this response.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6514132 TI - Tissue distribution and molecular forms of a novel pituitary protein in the rat. AB - A sensitive and specific radioimmunoassay (RIA) was developed for a novel pituitary protein that we recently isolated from human and porcine pituitary gland and designated 7B2. By employing this RIA, we were able to detect and assay this novel protein in different rat tissue extracts. The concentrations of 7B2 in rat anterior pituitary lobe, neurointermediate lobe, hypothalamus, adrenal medulla and thyroid gland were 10,400 +/- 804; 6,190 +/- 908; 773 +/- 50; 697 +/- 83 and 1,368 +/- 116 pg/mg tissue (wet weight, n = 10, mean +/- SEM), respectively. However, the concentrations of 7B2 were lower than 30 pg/mg tissue in extracts of pancreas, ileum and colon, and were below the sensitivity of the RIA in extracts of liver, kidney, spleen, lung, adrenal cortex and testis. Gel permeation chromatography of extracts of anterior pituitary lobe, neurointermediate lobe, hypothalamus, adrenal medulla and thyroid gland on Sephadex G-100 revealed that most of the immunoreactive (Ir)-7B2 has an apparent molecular weight of 45,000-50,000. Subsequent dissociation of this Ir-7B2 by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis containing sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) yielded an Ir-7B2 with an apparent molecular weight of around 19,000. In addition, high K+ concentration (50 mM) induced the release of Ir-7B2 from cultured cells of both rat anterior pituitary and neurointermediate lobe. Finally, Ir-7B2 was detected in the neurosecretory granule fraction prepared from porcine neurointermediate lobe. These results indicate that 7B2 may be a novel secretory protein in the pituitary gland. PMID- 6514133 TI - Relationship between pineal N-acetyltransferase activity, pineal melatonin and serum melatonin in rats under different lighting conditions. AB - Pineal N-acetyltransferase (NATase) activity has often been used as an indicator of pineal melatonin (MT) production, and the rhythms of pineal and serum MT levels are assumed to be parallel. However, these issues require further examination in view of some recent findings. In the present study, the 24-hour rhythms of pineal NATase, pineal MT content and serum MT concentrations were examined in groups of rats exposed to four artificial lighting regimens: (a) 16 h of light, 8 h of darkness (LD 16:8) for 2 weeks; (b) LD 12:12 for 2 weeks; (c) LD 4:20 for 2 weeks, and (d) LD 4:20 for 4 weeks. Under the above lighting conditions, the rhythms of pineal NATase, serum and pineal MT contents when tested demonstrated a closely parallel relationship. These results supported the idea that pineal NATase accurately reflected MT synthesis and that the rhythms of pineal and serum MT content were in phase under long and short photoperiods, in spite of extrapineal sites of MT synthesis. Further, the results also demonstrated that the timing of the MT peaks in the serum and the pineal may depend on the length of the adaptation period to the environmental lighting. When the rats were housed under a short photoperiod (LD 4:20), the peak MT levels appeared in the middle of the dark period after 2 weeks but shifted towards the end of the dark period after 4 weeks. PMID- 6514134 TI - Interactions between hippocampal serotonin and the pituitary-adrenal axis in the septal driving of hippocampal theta-rhythm. AB - Stimulation of the septal area at a frequency between 6 and 10 Hz is able to drive hippocampal theta. In freely moving male rats, the minimum threshold current for driving theta occurs at 7.7 Hz. Disruption of the pituitary-adrenal axis by injection of corticosterone to normal rats or by bilateral adrenalectomy (ADX) causes a shift of the minimum theta-driving threshold to 6.9 Hz. Corticosterone injection to ADX rats returns the minimum to 7.7 Hz. Specific and localized removal of hippocampal serotonergic fibers by intracerebral injections of 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine (5,7-DHT) produces the same shift to a 6.9-Hz minimum threshold as does corticosterone or ADX. We further report that these effects of manipulating the adrenocortical and serotonergic systems act through related (or common) mechanisms since: (1) 5,7-DHT shift to 6.9 Hz can be reversed to 7.7 Hz by injection of corticosterone; (2) 5,7-DHT lesions in an ADX rat produce a normal theta threshold minimum at 7.7 Hz, and (3) in a combined ADX- and 5,7-DHT lesioned rat, corticosterone again produces a 6.9-Hz minimum as this hormone does in normal rats. These results suggest that the serotonergic inputs to the hippocampus interact with the same neurons which concentrate corticosterone. PMID- 6514135 TI - Ultrastructural and morphometric studies on the neurohypophysial nerve terminals of the rat following administration of angiotensin II. AB - The neurohypophysial nerve terminals of rats were studied by electron microscopy and morphometric analysis of vesicles and vacuoles labeled with horseradish peroxidase (HRP) after intraventricular injection of angiotensin II (AII). Exocytotic figures of neurosecretory granules from the nerve terminals were observed. The electron-dense materials resembling the contents of neurosecretory granules were occasionally observed in the extracellular spaces. A highly significant increase in the relative volume occupied by HRP-impregnated structures in the terminals occurred after administration of 500 ng AII. These findings provide morphological evidence for the stimulation of neurohypophysial hormone secretion following administration of 500 ng AII. PMID- 6514136 TI - Regional specificity in the effect of estrogen implantation within the forebrain on the frequency of pulsatile luteinizing hormone secretion in the ovariectomized rat. AB - Pulsatile secretion of luteinizing hormone (LH) in ovariectomized rats was evaluated before and after local implantation of crystalline estradiol benzoate (EB) into various regions within the forebrain. Serum concentrations of LH were measured by radioimmunoassay in samples collected at 6-min intervals through indwelling cardiac catheters. In rats with EB implanted in the preoptic suprachiasmatic area (POSC), and in the nucleus of the tractus diagonalis and the diagonal band of Broca (DBB) to a lesser extent, the mean LH concentration and LH pulse frequency decreased rapidly while the pulse amplitude did not change for 3 h after implantation. Rats with the EB implant in the bed nucleus of stria terminalis, the medial preoptic area, the medial septal nucleus, the anterior hypothalamic area or the third ventricle showed unchanged frequencies of LH secretory pulses. Implantation of progesterone into the POSC of ovariectomized rats produced no significant change in LH secretory profiles. It was suggested that the sites of action of estrogen in decreasing the LH pulse frequency are not widespread but rather restricted within a small part of the brain, including the POSC and DBB, in the ovariectomized rat. PMID- 6514137 TI - Vasopressin release from individually superfused neurohypophyses decreases in aged rats. AB - We studied the effect of aging on vasopressin (VP) release from isolated neurohypophyses (NH) individually superfused with synthetic medium TC 199 with Hanks' salts. The superfusion technique is described in detail. Male Fisher 344 rats 2 months (young, n = 17), 12 months (adult, n = 14) and 30 months (old, n = 17) of age were used. VP was measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA). The age-related VP release was analyzed as follows: initial traumatic release, basal release, VP release evoked by electrical stimulation (10-second trains every 20 s of matched biphasic stimuli, 0.2 ms width, 8 mA, 30 Hz), by chemical stimulation (56 mM K+) and total release for the entire superfusion period. When VP release was expressed per milligram NH, it was significantly lower under all conditions in the old rats than in the young ones. In the adult rats, traumatic, basal and total release values were similar to those of the young rats, whereas their responses to chemical and electrical stimulation were similar to those of old rats. Residual VP content expressed per whole NH was significantly higher in the old and adult rats, reflecting a larger glandular size, but when expressed per milligram NH tissue, it was low in the old rats. The percent of VP released during the entire superfusion period relative to the residual VP content was significantly lower in the old than in the young and adult rats. The magnitude of the maximal VP release exceeding the basal release, in response to electrical and chemical stimulation, was similar in young and old rats. However, in the adult rats it was significantly lower than in both the young and old following chemical stimulation. A significantly larger number of old and adult NHs exhibited a more delayed response to chemical, but not to electrical stimulation, than did the young NHs. These data demonstrate an age-related decrease in VP release in Fisher 344 rats. Since the traumatic and basal VP release in the adult rats is similar to the release in the young rats, while the stimulated release in the adult rats resembles the response of the old animals, the results suggest that an impairment of stimulated VP release occurs at an earlier stage of the aging process than does an impairment of spontaneous (traumatic and basal) release. PMID- 6514138 TI - Role of gonadal and adrenal steroids in the impairment of the male rat's sexual behaviour by hyperprolactinaemia. AB - The sexual behaviour of male rats, castrated and testosterone-implanted, declined following induction of hyperprolactinaemia by domperidone. Treatment with oestradiol benzoate did not reverse this effect, and may have accentuated it. Oestradiol also amplified domperidone-induced hyperprolactinaemia. Testosterone or dihydrotestosterone (DHT) apparently delayed, but did not prevent, the gradual deterioration in sexual behaviour (prolonged ejaculation latencies) induced by domperidone, but this effect was not confirmed statistically. Adrenalectomy, followed by cortisol replacement, failed to prevent the behavioural effects of hyperprolactinaemia. No consistent changes in serum progesterone or corticosterone could be found in hyperprolactinaemic rats in which the adrenals had not been removed. In vitro formation of DHT from precursor testosterone was reduced in the amygdalae of hyperprolactinaemic rats, but not in the hypothalamus or caudal spinal cord. Oestradiol cytosol binding was unchanged in all brain areas, except for a small but significant increase in the anterior hypothalamus. These results do not support a role for altered adrenal activity in determining the effects of high levels of prolactin on sexual behaviour. There is evidence for an impaired formation of DHT in the brain, but this may account for only part of the behavioural changes observed. It is possible that the major effect of prolactin lies in neural systems directly responsive to it, rather than in altered steroid secretion or metabolism. PMID- 6514139 TI - Differential responses to osmotic stress of vasopressin-neurophysin mRNA in hypothalamic nuclei. AB - mRNA encoding the vasopressin-neurophysin precursor was quantitated in individual hypothalamic nuclei of rats by a liquid hybridization assay. Drinking of 2% saline for 14 days, a treatment that increased the plasma vasopressin concentration 9-fold, resulted in a 5- and 2-fold increase in mRNA levels in the supraoptic and paraventricular nucleus, respectively. This osmotic stimulus had no effect on vasopressin-neurophysin mRNA content of the suprachiasmatic nucleus. This dissociation in regulation of vasopressin-neurophysin mRNA in hypothalamic nuclei indicates the existence of two separate vasopressin systems that are independently activated. PMID- 6514140 TI - Penicillin spikes in rats. Limitations of a simple model for the study of anticonvulsants. AB - Direct GABA agonists that suppress spikes induced by penicillin in cats failed to do so in rats. Phenytoin and large doses of THIP increased the rate of spiking activity of the penicillin focus. Only progabide caused marked, initial, short lasting suppression and a modest reduction of frequency of spikes for 1 hr. Homotaurine (3APS) reduced the amplitude and changed the morphology of the contralateral "mirror" spike. Antagonism of penicillin-induced spikes in rats is considered to be an unsuitable parameter for the screening of anticonvulsant agents. PMID- 6514141 TI - Inhibition and facilitation of motor responding of the mouse by actions of dopamine agonists in the forebrain. AB - The actions of dopamine and agonists of dopamine to influence forebrain structures and modify spontaneous locomotion of the mouse were studied, firstly, by injecting agents from different chemical series into the nucleus accumbens (phenylethylamine, aporphine, benzo[g]quinoline, tetralin, dopamine, N-n-propyl-N phenethyldopamine, N-n-propyl-N-butyldopamine, apomorphine, trans-N-n-propyl-6,7- and -7,8-dihydroxyoctahydrobenzo[g]quinoline, 2-di-n-propylamino-5,6- and -6,7 dihydroxytetralin, 2-di-ethylamino-5,6-dihydroxytetralin) and, secondly, by selecting a potent agent (2-di-n-propylamino-5,6-dihydroxytetralin) for injection into 43 other forebrain areas. Agents from all chemical series were shown to reduce locomotor activity on injection into the nucleus accumbens. The most effective agents were the dialkylated tetralin derivatives and the N-propyl benzo[g]quinoline compound (0.025-0.5 micrograms); inhibition of motor activity generally decreased as dose was increased. The inhibitory effects on motor activity of the propyl substituted tetralin and [g]quinoline were specifically antagonised by sulpiride and/or spiperone (prazosin, yohimbine and methysergide were ineffective). Injections of tetralin (0.1 micrograms) not only into the nucleus accumbens but also into the tuberculum olfactorium, septal nucleus, anterior olfactory nucleus, anteromedial fibre system, claustrum and caudate putamen could effect inhibition of motor activity. Generally, injections away from these structures were ineffective. It is suggested that small doses of dopamine and agonists of dopamine can influence dopamine receptors which are sensitive to neuroleptic drugs (presynaptic in limbic and striatal regions, but with a possibility of postsynaptic involvement in cortical regions) to effect inhibition of motor activity from a number of discrete areas of the forebrain of the mouse. PMID- 6514142 TI - Panuramine, a selective inhibitor of uptake of 5-hydroxytryptamine in the brain of the rat. AB - The neurochemical profile of the novel inhibitor of uptake of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) panuramine (Wy 26002) has been investigated in the rat. In vitro, panuramine was found to be a potent and selective inhibitor of uptake of 5-HT with an IC50 of 22 +/- 4 nM. The IC50 for inhibition of uptake of noradrenaline was 848 nM and that for uptake of dopamine greater than 10 micron. Panuramine, in concentrations up to 10 micron did not displace the specific binding of either [3H]spiroperidol or [3H]5-HT and had no effect on the spontaneous or potassium evoked release of 5-HT, suggesting that the compound had little effect on serotonergic transmission other than the inhibition of uptake of 5-HT. Panuramine also produced a dose-related antagonism of the depletion of 5-HT in brain induced by p-chloroamphetamine, confirming the ability of the drug to inhibit uptake of 5 HT in vivo. PMID- 6514143 TI - Correlation between histamine-induced neuronal excitability and activation of adenylate cyclase in the guinea pig hippocampus. AB - In a homogenate of guinea pig hippocampus histamine activated adenylate cyclase and in a hippocampal slice preparation it increased the firing rate of pyramidal cells in the CA3 region. Both activities were apparently mediated by H2 receptors. The concentration of histamine and of the H2 receptor agonist, impromidine, required to stimulate activity was similar in each test preparation with impromidine being about 100-fold more potent than histamine. Moreover, the H2 receptor antagonists, cimetidine and ICIA 5165, each reversed the activation by histamine of the two test preparations, with ICIA 5165 being about 100-fold more potent than cimetidine. Thus, there is a correlation between activation of cyclase and neuronal excitability induced by histamine. These observations support a large body of evidence suggesting that histamine is a neurotransmitter or modulator in the CNS. PMID- 6514144 TI - Histofluorescence evaluation of sympathetic nerve fibers in hearts of developing rats exposed to ethanol during gestation. AB - Histofluorescence for catecholamines has been used to examine the ingrowth of the sympathetic innervation in the heart of control rats and rats exposed either pre- or perinatally to ethanol. In all groups, sympathetic innervation began in primary association with large blood vessels and, to a lesser extent, in the myocardial surface between 2 and 6 days of postnatal age. From day 9 onward, innervation progressed in density first in the atria and right ventricle. The deep muscle of the left ventricle was least innervated of all areas of the heart at all time periods examined. In pups exposed continuously to ethanol or withdrawn at birth, the innervation pattern and density were similar to controls, although slight qualitative differences may have occurred in the first two weeks of the postnatal period in the group exposed continuously to ethanol. The reported altered cardiac biochemical responses to sympathetic agents after pre- or perinatal exposure to ethanol did not appear to be associated with significant alterations in the growth of sympathetic nerve fibers into the heart. It is suggested that the alterations in the development of the cardiac sympathetic nervous system induced by ethanol probably occurs at the level of nerve terminals or adrenergic receptors. PMID- 6514145 TI - The effect of exposure to diazepam through the placenta or through the mother's milk. Histological findings in slices of rat brain. AB - Exposure to diazepam during the prenatal or early postnatal developmental period has been reported to result in later behavioural deficits. In the present study morphological changes in the brains of rats that were exposed to diazepam (DZP) prenatally or through the mother's milk postnatally were investigated. The results showed that prolonged prenatal exposure (16 days) to diazepam (10 mg/kg) resulted in characteristic and extensive pathological changes, i.e. gliosis and perivascular cuffing in the brains of the rats. These changes could be observed under the light microscope a long time after exposure to the drug had been terminated. Limiting the prenatal exposure to a single trimester of 7 days reduced somewhat the number of lesions but did not prevent their occurrence. Rats exposed to diazepam postnatally through the mothers' milk showed very few lesions. PMID- 6514146 TI - Effects of treatments with apomorphine, haloperidol and ethanol on apomorphine induced changes in body temperature in the rat. AB - In previous research, we discovered two DA-related thermoregulatory mechanisms in the rat: a haloperidol-sensitive, hypothermia-inducing mechanism and a haloperidol-nonsensitive, hyperthermia-inducing mechanism. The latter mechanism must also involve serotonin, since its activity can be blocked by serotonin antagonists. We have now found that the responsiveness of these mechanisms to apomorphine could be selectively affected by acute pretreatments with apomorphine, haloperidol and ethanol. The hypothermia-inducing mechanism was supersensitized by pretreatment with either haloperidol (0.25 mg/kg, administered 5 days earlier) or ethanol (3 g/kg, 15 h), but was not affected by pretreatment with apomorphine (1 mg/kg, 15h). In contrast, the hyperthermia-inducing mechanism was supersensitized and desensitized by similar pretreatments with apomorphine and ethanol, respectively, but was not affected by pretreatment with haloperidol. PMID- 6514147 TI - The actions of barbiturates on release of noradrenaline from rat hippocampal synaptosomes. AB - Barbiturates are believed to work both by augmenting GABA action and independently perhaps by decreasing neurotransmitter release. By studying the effect of pentobarbitates on the release of 3H noradrenaline from rat hippocampal synaptosomes it was found that pentobarbitone (10(-6)M and 10(-5)M) augmented the GABA evoked release of 3H noradrenaline but 10(-4)M depressed this GABA effect. This latter concentration of pentobarbitone also depressed the K+-evoked release of 3H noradrenaline by a Ca++ dependent but picrotoxin insensitive mechanism. PMID- 6514148 TI - Relationships between structure and duration of neurotensin's central action: emergence of long acting analogs. AB - Relationships between structure and duration of neurotensin's central action were examined. Included in the study were analogs containing amino acid substitutions at purported enzymatic cleavage sites of neurotensin: the arg8-arg9, the Pro10 Tyr11, and the Tyr11-Ile12 peptide bonds. Peptides were administered in rats via the cerebro-ventricular route and the ensuing hypothermia was monitored repeatedly until the effect dissipated. Results indicate that substitutions of the Tyr11 residue of the neurotensin molecule with either Dopa, Trp, D-Trp, or D Tyr yielded analogs displaying markedly increased durations of action. Substitutions at other sites did not alter the time course of neurotensin's hypothermic effect. The longest acting analog was [Dopa11]-NT. At a dose of 7.5 micrograms the hypothermia induced by this analog persisted for 660 min while the effect of a same dose of neurotensin endured for only 90 min after injection. No clear correlation was found between the relative potency of analogs and their duration of action. Taken together, the results confirm the predominant role of Tyr11 in the inactivation of neurotensin by the brain, but do not support the hypothesis that relative potencies of structural analogs are solely dependent on differing susceptibilities to enzymatic degradation. PMID- 6514149 TI - Enkephalin content in rat striatum during prolonged treatment with fluphenazine. AB - Male Wistar rats were injected with fluphenazine /FLU/ i.p. in doses of 1 or 5 mg/kg for twelve months. Striatal met- and leu-enkephalin contents were determined after 1, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months of treatment, and one week after the drug withdrawal following a 12-month treatment, Enkephalin levels were significantly increased with slight fluctuations in some months and returned to normal one week after the last neuroleptic dose following a 12-month administration. Apomorphine, but not naloxone, prevented elevation of enkephalin levels after a one month FLU administration. Our findings confirm previous observations that prolonged disturbances in functions of the dopaminergic mechanism result in specific disturbances in the endogenous opioid peptide content, release and biosynthesis, and demonstrate that enkephalins are one of the factors with take part in the mechanism of neuroleptic action during a long term treatment. PMID- 6514150 TI - Combination therapy with 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea and low dose rate radiation in the 9L rat brain tumor and spheroid models: implications for brain tumor brachytherapy. AB - We studied the effects of combination treatment with 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1 nitrosourea (BCNU) and low dose rate radiation in the 9L rat brain tumor in vivo model and the 9L multicellular tumor spheroid model. F-344 rats bearing intracerebral 9L gliosarcomas were implanted with removable 125I sources. Minimal (peripheral) tumor doses of 6387 rad produced an increased life-span (ILS) of 28% over that of control rats implanted with dummy sources, BCNU alone (13.3 mg/kg) produced in an ILS of 67%, and combination treatment with BCNU and implanted 125I sources produced an ILS of 167%. As measured by a colony-forming efficiency assay, the greatest cell kill in 9L spheroids occurred when BCNU was administered 24 hours before irradiation from a 137Cs source at a low dose rate of 5 rad/minute. At a higher dose rate of 210 rad/minute, the time dependence of the effects of combination treatment was identical and therefore independent of dose rate. PMID- 6514151 TI - Results of extracranial-intracranial arterial bypass for intracranial internal carotid artery stenosis: review of 105 cases. AB - Extracranial-intracranial arterial bypass was performed for intracranial internal carotid artery stenosis in 105 patients who had ischemic symptoms 1 to 3 months before operation. The degree of stenosis, measured angiographically, was 60 to 98%. The postoperative bypass patency rate, determined angiographically or by Doppler examination, was 97%. The surgical mortality rate was 1%, and the permanent surgical morbidity rate was 2%. During a mean follow-up period of 54 months, 22 patients died; 10 deaths were caused by cardiac disease and 3 were related to stroke, 2 of which were ipsilateral to the bypass. One patient was lost to follow-up. Seventy-three of the 82 survivors (89%) had no further transient ischemic attacks or stroke after operation. Seven patients had a late stroke: 5 were ipsilateral, 1 was contralateral, and 1 was vertebrobasilar. Three of these strokes were fatal. The overall late death rate was 4% per year, and the late death rate from neurological causes was 0.6% per year. The late stroke rate was 1.5% per year, and the rate of ipsilateral late stroke in patients who had a patent bypass was 0.6% per year. We conclude that extracranial-intracranial arterial bypass for symptomatic intracranial internal carotid artery stenosis is a reasonably safe and technically satisfactory procedure that has a potential for improving outcome, compared with the natural history of the disease. PMID- 6514152 TI - Percutaneous radiofrequency upper thoracic sympathectomy: a new technique. AB - The author describes a new technique for performing unilateral or bilateral upper thoracic sympathectomy safely, effectively, and more easily than by any of the surgical methods now in use. The technique described is one of percutaneous radiofrequency sympathectomy, which is usually done on a day surgery or outpatient surgery basis. The technique has been effective and well tolerated in a small group of patients. PMID- 6514153 TI - Abnormal serum melatonin levels in patients with intrasellar tumors. AB - Melatonin, a pineal indoleamine, is postulated to be of importance in a regulatory fashion in hypothalamic and pituitary function. Attempts to utilize its random serum level as a consistent marker of pineal tumors have not been successful. Fifteen patients were studied to determine whether the normal diurnal variation in serum melatonin as determined by radioimmunoassay was altered by the presence of an intrasellar pituitary region tumor. A normal diurnal cycling of melatonin (high level at night, low level at midday coupled to the light-dark cycle) was seen in controls consisting of patients admitted for spinal or supratentorial procedures (a.m. melatonin, 15.4 +/- 3.7 pg/ml; p.m. melatonin, 57.1 +/- 16.3 pg/ml). This normal pattern of melatonin levels was altered in the group of patients with intrasellar tumors (a.m. melatonin, 28.9 +/- 6.7 pg/ml; p.m. melatonin, 28.4 +/- 7.3 pg/ml). Hospitalization and operation caused nonspecific alterations in the pattern of melatonin in both groups. These results suggest that the pattern of secretion rather than the absolute midday value of melatonin may be of greater importance as evidence of altered pineal and pituitary neuroendocrine regulation. PMID- 6514154 TI - Spinal metastatic disease: analysis of factors determining functional prognosis and the choice of treatment. AB - The authors surveyed 31 surgical and radiotherapy series comprising over 2300 patients with spinal metastases to determine the influence of factors such as tumor biology and topography, pretreatment neurological status, the presence of a myelographic block, the progression rate of symptoms, and the general medical condition of the patient on both the functional prognosis and the choice of treatment. Both life expectancy and the functional results after therapy are mainly dependent on tumor biology, which in turn determines radiosensitivity. The remaining factors seem to have only complementary predictive power. Because radiotherapy has been found to be as effective as operation plus radiotherapy in the management of the majority of patients with spinal metastases, it is very important to improve the selection of surgical candidates (less than 42% of the total cases) to prevent unnecessary surgery-related morbidity and mortality. Factors considered important in the selection of therapy are the location of the tumor within the spinal canal, the neurological status at the time of treatment, and the systemic condition of the patient. PMID- 6514155 TI - Therapeutic occlusion of the vertebral artery for unclippable vertebral aneurysm: relationship between site of occlusion and clinical outcome. AB - Six cases of unclippable vertebral aneurysms were treated by therapeutic occlusion of the proximal vertebral artery. In three cases, the vertebral artery was clipped proximal to the posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA), and all of these patients had a postoperative embolic complication or a fatal subarachnoid hemorrhage. In two cases, the vertebral artery was clipped distal to the PICA and in one case the PICA was absent and the vertebral artery was clipped proximal to the aneurysm. All three of these patients did well without any neurological deficit. Possible mechanisms of the complications are discussed, and the importance of not clipping the PICA is stressed. PMID- 6514156 TI - Peripheral aneurysms of the posterior inferior cerebellar artery. AB - Nonmycotic peripheral posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) aneurysms are rare. The authors report six cases of peripheral PICA aneurysm. Two of these are unusual; one was fusiform and another was a double aneurysm arising from the peripheral PICA. The previously reported 40 cases of peripheral PICA aneurysm are reviewed. PMID- 6514157 TI - Composite autogeneic human cranioplasty: frozen skull supplemented with fresh iliac corticocancellous bone. AB - Skull totally exteriorized during craniotomy becomes nonviable. Resorption of the reimplanted cranial section occurs variably according to its treatment, the properties of the recipient bed, and the metabolic conditions of the host. Neurosurgeons commonly deep freeze autogeneic skull for preservation before delayed autogeneic cranioplasty. Aseptic necrosis commonly follows replacement of the autograft in its former cranial bed. This clinical study of six patients represents an attempt to block this destructive resorption by supplementing the frozen autograft with fresh corticocancellous autogeneic ilium. Observations of these patients ranging in age from 12 to 52 years support the following conclusions: (a) Osteogenesis was not enhanced by the addition of fresh corticocancellous bone to the frozen autoimplant. (b) The period of time that the autoimplant was frozen did not influence its subsequent biological behavior after cranioplasty. (c) Sterilization with ethylene oxide and in one case additional gamma irradiation did not impair the quality of the implant compared to those not sterilized. (d) Resorption occurred in both frozen and fresh but devitalized autogeneic skull. (e) Autogeneic skull is repaired by osteoconduction rather than by inducing competent perivascular stem cells to become osteogenic. (f) Freezing of autogeneic skull for preservation is practical, acceptable, but suboptimal from the perspectives of cerebral protection and cosmetic reconstruction. (g) The supplementation of the frozen autoimplant with fresh corticocancellous bone increases operating time and patient discomfort without affording additional benefit. PMID- 6514158 TI - Acute hydrocephalus in an elderly woman with an aneurysm of the vein of Galen. AB - A patient with a previously diagnosed vein of Galen aneurysm presented with acute hydrocephalus. This unusual case is described, and the possible pathogenesis of the condition is discussed. To our knowledge, this is the oldest patient yet described with this complication of vein of Galen aneurysm. PMID- 6514160 TI - Planum sphenoidale meningioma mimicking pituitary apoplexy: a case report. AB - A patient with a planum sphenoidale meningioma mimicking a classic case of pituitary apoplexy is presented. A review of the apoplectiform onset of meningiomas is included. PMID- 6514159 TI - Cerebral vasospasm after head injury. AB - Cerebral vasospasm occurs frequently after head injury. Correlation between neurological deterioration and vasospasm has been reported previously, but delayed neurological deterioration secondary to vasospasm in head injury is a rare occurrence. We report the case of a 57-year-old man who, after a motorcycle accident, developed an acute subdural hematoma and a thick subarachnoid deposition of blood in the left sylvian-insular cistern. After surgical evacuation of the hematoma, the patient improved until the 10th postoperative day, when he developed aphasia and a right hemiparesis. Angiography demonstrated multitapering spasm, and a computed tomographic (CT) scan showed persistence of the cisternal deposition of blood. Despite therapy with hypervolemia, the patient improved only slightly. The association of head injury with substantial subarachnoid hemorrhage producing vasospasm has been considered rarely. Delayed posttraumatic vasospasm secondary to blood degradation products seems to play some role in the vasospasm after head injury. CT scanning may be useful in predicting vasospasm in such patients, and digital subtraction angiography might be useful in demonstrating it. PMID- 6514161 TI - Gliosarcoma at the site of a surgically treated Actinomyces cerebral abscess. AB - We describe a man who developed a gliosarcoma at the site of a previously surgically decompressed frontal Actinomyces israelii brain abscess. We review the clinical profile of gliosarcoma and the possible role of the abscess and operation in the induction of this malignancy. PMID- 6514162 TI - Intradural spinal metastasis in Ewing's sarcoma: case report and review of the literature. AB - Ewing's sarcoma is a rare primary osseous neoplasm of children and young adults. The use of radiotherapy and adjuvant chemotherapy has favorably influenced the outcome of patients and dramatically reduced the rate of local disease recurrence. However, distant metastasis, usually to the lung and skeletal system, continues to be a frequent preterminal event. Metastasis to the central nervous system is infrequent unless related to adjacent bone involvement. We report a case of intraneural, intradural metastasis in a young man with a previously treated Ewing's sarcoma of the ilium. Metastasis to this part of the nervous system has not been previously reported. PMID- 6514163 TI - Cervicomedullary junction tumor diagnosed by nuclear magnetic resonance scanning: case report. AB - A neurofibroma of the cervical medullary region was accurately delineated using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) scanning. The tumor and its compression of the spinal cord were so well visualized that evaluation by myelography and postmyelographic computed tomography (CT) was unnecessary. NMR scanning should be considered as a replacement for myelography with CT in the initial evaluation of cervicomedullary spinal cord tumors. PMID- 6514164 TI - Superficial dorsal horn of the adult human spinal cord. AB - Golgi studies in the adult human spinal cord reveal 10 cell types in the first three laminae. Five are Golgi Type II or ipsilateral proprioneurons of short or long range--the latter including Waldeyer cells. Several of the cells in this group have dendrites that help to form interlaminar boundaries on the gray-white boundary. Two of the four cell types in Lamina II have dendritic fields that correspond exactly to the primary afferent terminal axonal fields described in the cat by Rethelyi (1977). Three cell types, one in each lamina, can be tentatively homologized with monkey spinothalamic cells described by other authors. Our previously described classification method based on dendritic patterns suggests that the Golgi Type II interneurons and ipsilateral proprioneurons belong to two different cell families (and Waldeyer cells to a third), whereas the putative spinothalamic neurons are all different cell types. PMID- 6514165 TI - Is the substantia gelatinosa the target in dorsal root entry zone lesions? An autopsy report. AB - The autopsy findings in a patient who died from a massive myocardial infarction 5 days after a cervical DREZ lesion for deafferentation pain are reported. The trauma had caused a substantial defect involving the ipsilateral Lissauer's tract and the substantia gelatinosa, as well as more medial parts of the posterior horn. The positive effect of the radiofrequency coagulation must have been caused by a lesion outside Lissauer's tract and the substantia gelatinosa. PMID- 6514166 TI - Deafferentation pain after posterior rhizotomy, trauma to a limb, and herpes zoster. AB - After incisional or alcoholic destruction of trigeminal posterior rootlets, constant dysesthesias of major degree referred to some part of the markedly denervated zone develop in 5 to 15% of the patients. The full severity may not appear for weeks or months. There is no allodynia or hyperpathia of the denervated zone. Bulbar trigeminal tractotomy with sparing of touch sensation produces severe dysesthesias in a tiny percentage of the patients, as does selective destruction of pain fibers by radiofrequency heating or glycerol. Spinal posterior rhizotomy elicits in less than 4% a lasting dysesthesia entirely different in temporal sequence, locus, and type of pain: (a) it tends to be maximal early after operation and to improve, (b) the spontaneous pain is accompanied by severe allodynia, and (c) the pain is usually referred beyond the margins of the insentient (rhizotomized) zone and may even be referred to the corresponding area on the opposite side. Sindou's "selective posterior rhizotomy," i.e., cutting of the small fiber lateral component of each rootlet as it enters the cord, has not given rise to dysesthesias. These do occur briefly in 50% of the cases following spinal ganglionectomy, the sensations being referred to the dermatomal segment of the ganglion in question. The secondary afferent neurons in the mesencephalic, principal, oral, and interpolar nuclei for the trigeminal posterior roots have no counterpart in the spinal cord for the spinal posterior roots. We suggest that the explanation for the fact that neither trigeminal neuralgia nor trigeminal anesthesia dolorosa have a spinal clinical counterpart is related to the as yet unexplained special functions of the elaborate trigeminal secondary afferent neuronal apparatus.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6514167 TI - Chronic pain in paraplegics. AB - The authors classify the three types of chronic pain in paraplegics: lesional area pain, projected pain, and triggered pain. The clinical description and proposed treatment for each type of pain are discussed. PMID- 6514168 TI - Current status of the DREZ operation: 1984. AB - The DREZ operation was introduced in 1976 as a method to control deafferentation pain associated with brachial plexus injury. Since then, 250 DREZ operations have been done at Duke Medical Center. At present, the best results of pain relief occur in brachial and lumbosacral root avulsions, paraplegia, and postherpetic pain. Post-DREZ complications have been reduced by the introduction of new lesion techniques, including the recent use of the laser. The neural basis of deafferentation pain is still not solved, nor is the therapeutic effect of the DREZ lesion known. PMID- 6514169 TI - Theoretical aspects of radiofrequency lesions in the dorsal root entry zone. AB - The history and physical principles of radiofrequency (rf) lesion making are reviewed. The advantages of the rf lesion method are presented, with emphasis on its importance in small, critical regions such as the dorsal root entry zone (DREZ). The evolution and specifications of a satisfactory DREZ rf electrode are described. DREZ lesion sizes for this electrode at specific electrode tip temperatures were experimentally determined in animals and were used as a guide to determine acceptable clinical lesioning parameters. Emphasis is placed on lesion temperature monitoring and on the stability of electrode penetration into the spinal cord to achieve consistent and safe results. PMID- 6514171 TI - Thermocoagulation of the dorsal root entry zone for the treatment of intractable pain. AB - The authors report the results of DREZ thermocoagulation in 35 patients since March 1980. This technique was applied not only in patients with deafferentation pain after brachial plexus avulsion, but also for postamputation phantom limb pain and pain caused by injury to the spine and spinal cord, by peripheral nerve lesions, and by multiple sclerosis. Independent of etiology, the duration of the pain syndrome, and the quality and projection of the pain, the overall results have been satisfactory and long-lasting. PMID- 6514170 TI - Evoked potentials as an aid to lesion making in the dorsal root entry zone. PMID- 6514172 TI - Dorsal root entry zone lesions for the control of deafferentation pain: experiences in ten patients. AB - Experiences with radiofrequency lesions of the dorsal root entry zone in 10 patients are reported. All of these patients suffered from central (deafferentation) pain. The early postoperative results were poor in the 2 patients with traumatic paraplegia and good in all 8 patients with pain in the cervical segments. Two patients treated with cervical DREZ lesions died. In 2 of the remaining 6 patients with cervical lesions, pain recurred. Four had a good result up to 30 months after operation. PMID- 6514173 TI - Dorsal root entry zone lesions (Nashold's procedure) in brachial plexus avulsion. AB - Dorsal root entry zone coagulation (DREZ) lesions for pain were made in 41 patients at the National Hospitals during 1980 through 1983. In 34 patients the operation was an attempt to relieve pain due to avulsion of the brachial plexus. Of these patients, 95% were male and 91% had received their injury in road traffic accidents. The follow-up period is 4 to 44 months. Pain relief was good in 62%, fair in 24%, and poor in 14%. Postoperative motor or sensory changes occurred in 50% of the patients, but these were significant in only 12%. In later patients in this series, pre-, peri-, and postoperative monitoring of somatosensory evoked potentials was used. Evoked potential monitoring indicated subclinical posterior column damage ipsilateral to avulsion before DREZ lesion making in about 50% of the cases; in some cases, postoperative changes were detected. PMID- 6514174 TI - Dorsal root entry zone lesions for the treatment of postherpetic neuralgia. AB - These investigators attempted to diminish postherpetic neuralgia in 17 patients by making dorsal root entry zone (DREZ) lesions. They describe the clinical syndrome of pain after herpes zoster, the incidence of which increases with age, and discuss its pathology. They briefly review the medical and surgical treatment of postherpetic neuralgia. The results and complications of the DREZ procedure are reported. PMID- 6514175 TI - Further investigation of the dexamethasone suppression test in affective illnesses: relationship to clinical diagnosis and therapeutic response. AB - The authors have studied the performances of the Dexamethasone Suppression Test (DST) in 107 hospitalized patients diagnosed according to the Research Diagnostic Criteria (RDC) and Feighner's criteria. The best performances of the DST are obtained for the diagnosis of primary depressed patients, suffering from a major depressive disorder. With the combination of these two diagnostic criteria, we found a sensitivity of 81%, a specificity of 81% and the diagnostic confidence of a positive test is 93%. Our study also shows 90% of abnormal DST results in schizoaffective disorder, depressed type, and no significant difference of the mean cortisol plasma levels at 4 p.m. after dexamethasone administration between depressed schizoaffective patients and major depressives. The finding of a better therapeutic response to antidepressive treatments in DST nonsuppressor patients than in suppressors is of interest for the predictive value of the DST in relation to treatment response. PMID- 6514176 TI - Comparison of the AMP system and the CPRS with regard to interrater reliability. AB - The interrater reliability of the AMP system and the Comprehensive Psychiatric Rating Scale (CPRS) was compared in a sample of 30 hospitalized schizophrenic or depressive patients. The CPRS proved to have on average a slightly higher reliability on both the level of items and primary scales. The reliability of the secondary scales was nearly identical. PMID- 6514177 TI - Effects of the tetracyclic antidepressant pirlindole on sensorimotor performance and subjective condition in comparison to imipramine and during interaction of ethanol. AB - Two experiments were designed to investigate the side-effects on motor performance of the new tetracyclic antidepressant, pirlindole, in healthy volunteers. First, pirlindole was compared with imipramine and placebo. In the second study the interaction of pirlindole with a small amount of ethanol (0.4 g 17 vol%/kg) was analysed. Ratings of subjective feelings and measurements of sensorimotor performance (simple and choice reaction, tracking) of the pirlindole treated group did not differ from those of the placebo group, whereas imipramine caused a change of the subjective condition to more lethargy and a greater delay of the simple reaction time. The effects of pirlindole proved to be unaffected by ethanol. PMID- 6514178 TI - The use of the EEG for assessment of vigilance changes caused by beta-blockers. AB - The aim of this study was to investigate the changes of vigilance caused by beta blockers. A recently developed method to measure the vigilance fluctuations, based on the EEG spectra, was employed together with self-rating. Repeated vigilance measurements were made in 20 healthy volunteers before and after administration of placebo, propranolol and metoprolol in random sequence. Both EEG analysis and self-rating confirmed that the vigilance level was significantly decreased after administration of beta-blockers compared to placebo. No significant difference between propranolol and metoprolol could be found. The results suggest that the decrease in systolic blood pressure after beta-blockade may be responsible for the drug-induced drowsiness. However, some of the observations made in the study can be interpreted as indirect proof that central mechanisms are also involved, and that both propranolol and metoprolol have sedative properties comparable to those observed with conventional psychotropic drugs. PMID- 6514179 TI - Personality traits influence the effects of diazepam and caffeine on CNV magnitude. AB - The time course of the effects of caffeine (200 mg), diazepam (8 mg) and placebo on CNV magnitude, reaction time and state of mood was investigated in normal volunteers using a double-foreperiod paradigm. CNV changes were quantified by means of a linear robust fitting technique. In general, a reduction of amplitude was found for diazepam and an enhancement followed by a suppression in the caffeine condition. Emotional lability of the subjects, as measured by the Freiburg Personality Inventory was shown to strongly influence the nature and time course of these drug effects. Differential drug responses are discussed in terms of the attention arousal model. PMID- 6514180 TI - Evaluation of single epoch evoked potentials. AB - The usual method for extracting evoked potentials from EEG, the so-called averaging, is based on the hypothesis of the stationarity of the single responses in every EEG segment. Therefore, the possible variability of the single responses cannot be regarded. In this paper, a method for estimating single evoked responses will be proposed and compared with other procedures. The principle of this method is the extraction of periodic signals from noise by autoregressive moving average (ARMA) time series analysis. The procedure is tested by simulation studies. The applicability of the method will be demonstrated by clinical examples. It will be shown that the single response is not a stationary signal. PMID- 6514181 TI - Serum levels and response to amitriptyline in depressed out-patients. AB - Serum levels of amitriptyline plus nortriptyline were measured by radioimmunoassay at 1 and 6 weeks in depressed out-patients treated with amitriptyline for 6 weeks. Serum concentrations at 6 weeks were higher in older patients. Serum levels showed no relationship to clinical response at 6 weeks, and a week inverse relationship with response at 2 weeks. Routine monitoring of serum levels appears to be of little value in depressed out-patients treated with amitriptyline. PMID- 6514182 TI - Immunohistochemical distribution of somatostatin-like immunoreactivity in the central nervous system of the adult rat. AB - The localization and distribution of somatostatin (growth hormone release inhibiting hormone; somatotropin release-inhibiting factor) have been studied with the indirect immunofluorescence technique of Coons and collaborators and the immunoperoxidase method of Sternberger and coworkers using specific and well characterized antibodies to somatostatin, providing semiquantitative, detailed maps of somatostatin-immunoreactive cell profiles and fibers. Our results demonstrate a widespread occurrence of somatostatin-positive nerve cell bodies and fibers throughout the central nervous system of adult, normal or colchicine treated, albino rats. The somatostatin cell bodies varied in size from below 10 micron up to 40 micron in diameter and could have only a few or multiple processes. Dense populations of cell somata were present in many major areas including neocortex, piriform cortex, hippocampus, amygdaloid complex, nucleus caudatus, nucleus accumbens, anterior periventricular hypothalamic area, ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus, nucleus arcuatus, medial to and within the lateral lemniscus, pontine reticular nuclei, nucleus cochlearis dorsalis and immediately dorsal to the nucleus tractus solitarii. Extensive networks of nerve fibers of varying densities were also found in most areas and nuclei of the central nervous system. Both varicose fibers as well as dot- or "dust-like" structures were seen. Areas with dense or very dense networks included nucleus accumbens, nucleus caudatus, nucleus amygdaloideus centralis, most parts of the hypothalamus, nucleus parabrachialis, nucleus tractus solitarii, nucleus ambiguus, nucleus tractus spinalis nervi trigemini and the dorsal horn of the spinal cord. One exception is the cerebellum which only contained few somatostatin-positive cell bodies and nerve fibers. It should be noted that somatostatin-positive cell bodies and fibers did not always conform to the boundaries of the classical neuroanatomical nuclei, but could often be found in areas between these well-established nuclei or occupying, in varying concentrations, only parts of such nuclei. It was difficult to identify with certainty somatostatin-immunoreactive axons in the animals studied. Some pathways could, however, be demonstrated, but further experimental studies are necessary to elucidate the exact projections of the somatostatin-immunoreactive neurons in the rat central nervous system. PMID- 6514183 TI - Choline acetyltransferase-immunoreactive neurons intrinsic to rodent cortex and distinction from acetylcholinesterase-positive neurons. AB - Cholinergic neurons intrinsic to rat cortex were studied using a sensitive method for the localization of choline acetyltransferase immunoreactivity, acetylcholinesterase histochemistry, combined localization of choline acetyltransferase and acetylcholinesterase, and combined localization of choline acetyltransferase and retrogradely transported horseradish peroxidase-wheat germ agglutinin. Choline acetyltransferase immunoreactivity was localized predominantly in small bipolar cortical neurons within the upper layers of isocortex, while small multipolar neurons were the predominantly stained cell type in allocortical regions. Acetylcholinesterase histochemistry demonstrated mainly small polymorphic cells scattered throughout all cellular layers in all cortices. Combined staining for choline acetyltransferase and acetylcholinesterase resulted in localization of the markers in different cell populations; choline acetyltransferase-immunoreactive neurons did not contain detectable acetylcholinesterase and acetylcholinesterase-positive neurons did not contain detectable immunoreactivity to choline acetyltransferase. Some possible connections of the cortical choline acetyltransferase-immunoreactive cells were studied in rats which had received injections of horseradish peroxidase-wheat germ agglutinin into either cortex or brainstem. The choline acetyltransferase immunoreactive cells were frequently admixed with cells labeled with the retrograde marker; however, no double-labeled cells were observed. It was concluded that cortical cholinergic cells are not visualized by acetylcholinesterase histochemistry, and are likely to be involved in local circuitry. PMID- 6514184 TI - Changes in Ca2+ ion activity within unrestrained rat's hippocampus perfused with alcohol or acetaldehyde. AB - In the freely moving rat, the kinetics of Ca2+ ion activity were determined at circumscribed sites in the hippocampus, which was perfused with ethanol, tertiary butyl alcohol or acetaldehyde. Initially, a region in CA1 or other cell field of the dorsal hippocampus was prelabelled by microinjection of 45Ca2+ through a permanently implanted guide tube. Then the tip of a concentric push-pull cannula assembly was lowered through the guide tube to the labelled site, and an isotonic artificial cerebrospinal fluid was repeatedly perfused at a rate of 25 microliter/min. Each perfusion was timed for 5.0 min with a 5.0 min interval between each. Once the washout curve of 45Ca2+ activity had begun to approach its asymptote, ordinarily in the midpoint of a series of perfusions, an isotonic solution of ethanol (188-942 mM), tertiary-butyl alcohol (12-580 mM) or acetaldehyde (10-98 mM) was added to the fourth perfusate. Thereafter, the hippocampal site was again perfused with the normal cerebrospinal fluid for the remainder of the experiment. Although the lowest concentration of ethanol exerted no effect on 45Ca2+ ion activity, an intermediate concentration caused mixed effects in either enhancing or suppressing the efflux into the perfusate of this cation. The highest concentration of ethanol produced in most experiments an initial suppression in Ca2+ ion efflux which was followed frequently by an elevation in the release of 45Ca2+. Similar changes in Ca2+ ion activity were produced by tertiary-butyl alcohol, but the magnitude of its effect was generally less than that of ethanol, suggesting that its effect on brain tissue differs from that of ethanol. Acetaldehyde evoked an intense and concentration-dependent enhancement of Ca2+ ion efflux from the perfused tissue at all of the sites in the hippocampus examined. These results suggest that in the unrestrained rat ethanol could unbind Ca2+ ions from hippocampal membranes or retard their uptake into cells of the hippocampus. The dual excitatory and inhibitory effect of ethanol on Ca2+ ion activity corresponds to the electrophysiological effects of this alcohol and could alter neurotransmitter release from neurons in this subcortical structure. The mechanism of action of acetaldehyde is envisaged to be due to its affinity to membrane sulfhydryl groups which alters protein conformation and thus interferes with both Ca2+ channels and Ca2+ binding properties. PMID- 6514185 TI - Mossy fiber sprouting in the fascia dentata after unilateral entorhinal lesions: quantitative analysis using computer-assisted image processing. AB - Axon sprouting typically occurs in a brain region that has been partially denervated. The present study demonstrates, quantitatively, evidence for sprouting outside the region of deafferentation. A modification of the Timm sulfide silver histochemical method was used to monitor an increase in the mossy fiber terminal field in the fascia dentata of adult rats following severe deafferentation of the outer three-fourths of stratum moleculare by unilateral entorhinal lesions. Computer-assisted image processing techniques were used to quantify mossy fiber sprouting. In stratum granulosum, and to a lesser extent in the deep (supragranular) portion of stratum moleculare (areas separated from the zone of deafferentation), there was a three-fold increase in the area of mossy fiber staining on the side of the lesion compared to the non-operated side (and unoperated animals). Much of the increased staining was located near the tip of the infrapyramidal (ventral) blade of the fascia dentata. Since mossy fiber sprouting apparently occurs in the absence of degeneration-produced synaptic dilution in that region, it may represent an example of post-lesion growth initiated by conditions fundamentally different from those normally believed to induce sprouting. PMID- 6514186 TI - Identification and structure of neurons in the medial geniculate body projecting to primary auditory cortex (AI) in the cat. AB - The neuronal types in the ventral nucleus of the cat medial geniculate body projecting to the primary auditory cortex (AI) were investigated using the retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase. These cells were compared with the morphology of neurons as revealed in Golgi and Nissl preparations, plastic embedded tissue, and electron microscopic material. After large injections, more than 90% of the neurons in the ventral nucleus, the principal nucleus of the lemniscal auditory pathway, were labeled, and the population of labeled cells included both large and small neuronal somata. Since the ventral nucleus contains only two varieties of cells--large neurons with bushy dendrites and an unbranched axon, and smaller cells with thin dendrites and a locally projecting axon--it is concluded that at least some of the small cells, previously believed to be interneurons, may function both as local circuit and as projection neurons. These findings were confirmed in toluidine blue-stained, 1-2 micron thick sections, and in the electron microscope, where small cells with sparse cytoplasm and a deeply invaginated nuclear envelope often contained intracellular horseradish peroxidase granules, as well as the larger neurons. Besides the small, labeled neurons in the ventral nucleus, many labeled cells were seen in the interstitial nucleus of the brachium of the inferior colliculus. This hitherto poorly characterized group of cells is embedded among the fibers of the brachium of the inferior colliculus. Many of the morphologically distinct varieties of cells in the medial division of the medial geniculate body, including small neurons, were labeled. Thus, in addition to the route embodied by the large bushy neurons which project to primary auditory cortex, at least one other pathway--represented by certain of the small cells in the ventral nucleus, reaches the primary auditory cortex. PMID- 6514187 TI - Selective retrograde labelling of the rat olivocerebellar climbing fiber system with D-[3H]aspartate. AB - Selective retrograde labelling of the olivocerebellar climbing fiber system with D-[3H]aspartate has been observed in the rat, and the results have implications for the identification of a transmitter candidate as well as the neuroanatomical understanding of these cerebellar afferents. Microinjections of D-[3H]aspartate (50 nl, ca 10-2 M) were made into various parts of cerebellar cortex. Survival times were 6, 12 or 24 h. Pronounced diffusion of the tracer resulted in large injection sites. Within the zone of injection, glial elements were labelled over background. Most granule cells exposed to the tracer were unlabelled; the small numbers demonstrating labelling were believed to have been injured by the micropipette penetration. Beneath injection sites, large numbers of well-labelled nerve fibers appeared in the white matter and could be followed through the brainstem to the contralateral inferior olive, where labelled perikarya were found. After the inferior olivary neurons had been effectively destroyed with 3 acetylpyridine, evidence of cerebellar afferent labelling with D-[3H]aspartate was missing. Retrograde labelling of the olivocerebellar system was also observed after superfusion of the vermis with D-[3H]aspartate at concentrations in the range of Km for high affinity uptake (10(-5) or 10(-4) M, for 2 h). Mossy fiber or monoaminergic afferents to the cerebellum were never labelled with D [3H]aspartate. The distribution of labelled cells in the olivary subnuclei after injections in different cerebellar areas was in line with the olivocerebellar organization previously described in the cat. Moreover, it was demonstrated that fibers from the different subnuclei follow different routes through the brainstem towards the cerebellum. Labelling of climbing fiber collaterals in uninjected parts of cerebellum indicated that some of the retrogradely migrating D [3H]aspartate was directed in anterograde direction at axonal branching points. Collaterals were demonstrated in all deep cerebellar and Deiters' nuclei, and the results of intranuclear injections suggested that virtually every olivary neuron sends collaterals to these nuclei. Intracortical collaterals were organized in sagittal zones. Midline injections into the anterior lobe and VI lobule labelled collaterals in several zones of the posterior lobe spinal area and uninjected parts of the anterior lobe vermis. Hemispheral injection into copula pyramidis labelled collaterals in two prominent bundles in the anterior lobe.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6514188 TI - Fine structure of squid (Loligo pealei) optic lobe synapses. AB - Cephalopod optic lobes are a well-known source of cholinergic nerve endings [Dowdall and Whittaker (1973) J. Neurochem, 20, 921-935]. In order to utilize this property for subsequent analyses of cholinergic mechanisms of transmission in the CNS, we describe the ultrastructure of the entire optic lobe of the squid (Loligo pealei) and relate the morphology of synaptosomes to the intact tissue. In the cortex, chemical junctions were found showing two basic forms. The first was an invaginated synapse, appearing only between presynaptic bags and spines which may originate from the trunks of amacrine cells of the outer granule layer. The second was that of a typical synapse, found in almost all layers except the upper portion of the first radial layer. Synapses in the medulla were predominantly of the second type, although a few photoreceptor endings extended to this region as well. The different types of terminals observed in the intact squid optic lobe corresponded to the different types of endings recognized in a synaptosome fraction derived from these lobes. Because of its high content of cholinergic endings and distinct synaptic types, the squid optic lobe may contribute to the elucidation of the mechanisms of cholinergic transmission in the central nervous system. In addition, electrotonic synapses were found between photoreceptor processes in the cortex, as well as other elements of the neuropil. PMID- 6514189 TI - Reinnervation of the rat touch dome restores the Merkel cell population reduced after denervation. AB - By using the fluorescent dye quinacrine as a marker for the Merkel cells in the rat touch dome, we previously showed that a sustained denervation of the dome causes a rapid and persistent loss of about 60% of its Merkel cells [Nurse, Macintyre and Diamond (1984) Neuroscience 11, 521-533]. We now show that if the sensory nerves to the skin are crushed (or cut) in 2-week old pups and allowed to regenerate, the Merkel cell population within touch domes shows a biphasic response; there is an initial loss of Merkel cells associated with the early phase of denervation, followed by an increase, associated with the phase of reinnervation. Physiological tests revealed that many (though not all) domes within initially deafferented skin had become functionally reinnervated and had their Merkel cell numbers either wholly or partially restored some 40-100 days post operatively. In one case an adult reinnervated dome, that appeared normal physiologically and by its complement of quinacrine fluorescent (Merkel) cells, also had normal histological features in toluidine blue sections and normally innervated Merkel cells in the electron microscope. These results, based on the use of quinacrine to visualize the Merkel cell population in the touch dome, suggest that sensory nerves may induce the differentiation of new Merkel cells in domes where these cells have become reduced after denervation. PMID- 6514190 TI - Psychophysical determination of coordinate representation of human arm orientation. AB - The coordinate representation of the sense of limb orientation was investigated psychophysically by asking subjects to match the orientation of the arm or of the forearm in several different coordinate representations. Movement of all degrees of freedom of one arm was permitted while movement of the other limb was restricted to the degree of freedom investigated in that particular experiment. Performance on the tasks was assessed by calculating the standard deviation of the difference in the angles of the two limbs. According to this criterion, we suggest that limb orientation is represented by the angular elevation of the limb and by the yaw angle, referred to a spatial reference frame. PMID- 6514191 TI - Diagnostic yield of quantitative electromyography and muscle biopsy in myopathic diseases (report of 464 cases). PMID- 6514192 TI - Influence of indomethacin on the ultrastructural pathology of the brain following temporary ischemia in Mongolian gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus). PMID- 6514193 TI - Action of indomethacin on nucleolar fine structure. Preliminary report. PMID- 6514194 TI - Thioacetamide-induced hepatic encephalopathy in the rat. Clinical observations. PMID- 6514195 TI - [Neuropathological picture of intensive linguofacial dyskinesia]. PMID- 6514196 TI - [Histoenzymatic changes in the white matter of the brain of young rats after the administration of vincristine in the second half of fetal life]. PMID- 6514197 TI - [Temperature changes in the brain and selected body regions and behavioral changes in rabbits exposed to elevated environmental temperature]. PMID- 6514198 TI - Effect of hyperthermic shock on the ultrastructure of cultured pituicytes. PMID- 6514199 TI - [Usefulness of high resolution signal averaging electrocardiography]. PMID- 6514200 TI - [Electrocardiographic changes during esophagogastroduodenoscopy]. PMID- 6514201 TI - [Contrast M-mode echography of the inferior vena cava in the study of tricuspid insufficiency]. PMID- 6514202 TI - [Efficacy of canrenoate potassium in hypertensive cardiopathy. Clinical and echocardiographic evaluation]. PMID- 6514203 TI - [Surgical treatment of dissecting aneurysm of the thoracic aorta. Results and considerations on 85 cases]. PMID- 6514204 TI - [Cardiac valve replacement in children. Experience in 18 cases]. PMID- 6514205 TI - [Natural history of ventricular aneurysms and results of surgical treatment]. PMID- 6514206 TI - [Hemodynamic features and surgical treatment of peripheral obliterating arteriopathies in advanced stages]. PMID- 6514207 TI - [Axillo-bifemoral bypass with a PTFE expanded prosthesis (Gore-Tex) in the revascularization of the legs]. PMID- 6514208 TI - [Stenosis caused by compression of the celiac tripod. Pathogenic and clinical considerations on 3 cases]. PMID- 6514209 TI - [Does 5-fluorouracil cardiotoxicity exist? Presentation of 2 cases with acute manifestations and clinico-instrumental study of 12 cases in chronic treatment with 5-fluorouracil]. PMID- 6514210 TI - [Cholescintigraphy and hepatic clearance of 99mTc-p-butyl HIDA in Gilbert's syndrome]. AB - 99mTc-p-butyl IDA clearance was measured in three subjects with Gilbert's syndrome at the same time as traditional cholescintigraphy. Cholescintigraphy persistently revealed a delayed liver display together with a normal fast display of the biliary ways. The Tu (semi-uptake time) of 99mTc-p-butyl IDA was higher in all three cases than in normal subjects, whereas Te (semisecretion time) was normal in all cases. The typical liver function profile provided by the association of cholescintigraphy and 99mTc-p-butyl IDA hepatocyte clearance renders the examination, which is both simple and free of side-effects, extremely useful in the clinical identification of subjects with suspected Gilbert's syndrome. PMID- 6514211 TI - [Psychiatric problems and therapeutic measures in the office of the general practitioner]. AB - The results of a survey of mental disorders identified from General Practitioners in their offices, in a quarter of Padua are presented. The findings emphasize the role of the General Practitioner in psychiatric care delivery (12% of the patients have been judged "psychiatric case" and these patients obtain treatment from General Practitioner in 70% of the cases). About half of "psychiatric patients" present a depressive illness. In 46% of the cases the General Practitioners have pointed out a close relationship between social difficulties and psychological problems. In 59% of the cases mental and somatic disorders are closely linked together. Implications of these findings in the prospect of a collaboration between psychiatric services and primary care then discussed. PMID- 6514212 TI - [Hematologic changes in renal neoplasms]. AB - The main haematological parameters, particularly haemoglobin concentration and the numbers of leukocytes and platelets, were studied in 146 kidney tumour patients. Only 119 of the subjects studied later underwent nephrectomy. In 66 patients the tumours were limited to within the renal capsule (group I) while in 39 other subjects the tumours had gone beyond this limit and had invaded the perirenal tissue (group II). 27 patients had metastasis in one or more sites (group III). In the remaining 14 subjects (group IV) without proven metastasis, the surgical staging was not available since because of cachexia they were not undergone nephrectomy. More frequent signs were: anaemia (Hb less than 12 g/dl), mainly normochromic, found in a high percentage of cases (41% in group I, 59% in group II, 74% in group III, 79% in group IV); leukocytosis (G.B. greater than 8000/mm3: 38% in group I, 51% in group II, 37% in group III, 50% in group IV). Mild thrombocytosis (P = 350-500 X 10(3)/mm3) was found with notable frequency mainly in groups II and III (20% and 18% respectively). On the other hand leukopenia (G.B. less than 3500 per mm3) and thrombocytopenia (P less than 140 X 10(3) per mm3) were rather rare. The results of our study are also discussed in relation to the main findings in the literature. PMID- 6514213 TI - [Cutaneous epitheliomas induced by ionizing radiation during radiotherapy. Presentation of 35 cases]. AB - Thirty five cases of carcinomas of the skin, presumably induced by ionizing radiation therapy are reported. There was a precise topographic relationship between the site of irradiation and that of onset of tumor; in 31 cases, there were multiple neoplastic foci in the skin area exposed to ionizing radiation; a sufficiently long period of time had elapsed from the time of exposure to ionizing radiation to the clinical diagnosis of induced tumor; cases in which there were cutaneous carcinomas in other parts of the body as well as in the skin area exposed to the radiation were excluded from the series. Almost all patients had been subjected to ionizing radiation for treatment of benign diseases and 29 for arthrosis. The median age of the patients at the time of exposure to the ionizing radiation was 33,33 years. The radiation dose to which the patients had been subjected varied from 10 to 25 Gy; this dose is rather low, however it is in this dose range, according to Gray, a relatively high incidence of induced tumor is verified. The median interval between exposure to ionizing radiation and clinical finding of the tumor was 18.5 years. The carcinomas were observed almost always in the trunk and like spontaneous carcinomas at this site they were almost exclusively basal cell type. PMID- 6514214 TI - [Beta thalassemia: motivation for screening in Terni]. AB - There are no definitive data on the frequency of beta-thalassaemia in the Province of Terni; a mass screening programme has not been carried out. Preliminary studies confirm that there is a strong incidence of beta-thalassaemia heterozygotes. A theory can be put forward for the presence of beta-thalassaemia trait, based on the notion of the multicentric genesis of the disorder: the malaria may have been the dominant selective factor. PMID- 6514215 TI - [Delayed myelitis caused by radiation in patients treated for Hodgkin's disease]. AB - The Authors present a series of 7 cases of late myelitis consequent on radiotherapy in patients treated for Hodgkin's lymphoma. These 7 cases represent 1.4% of the 500 cases of Hodgkin's lymphoma subjected to radiotherapy at the Istituto Nazionale Tumori of Milan from 1970 to 1980, and all concern the dorsal tract of the spinal cord. They were found at an interval varying from 5 to 13 months after radiotherapy. The 7 cases were treated with equivalent doses varying from 951 to 1077 rets. The possibility is discussed to further reduce the incidence of these lesions from radiotherapy to less than 1%, administering equivalent doses lower than 1015 rets, without increasing the risk of recurrences of the disease. PMID- 6514216 TI - [Sickle cell anemia in surgical patients. Significance and problems]. AB - Drepanocytosis, a disease notoriously widespread among blacks, is surprisingly frequent in certain Italian islands. Surgical aspects of the disease are discussed: erythrocyte sequestration attacks, pigmentary cholelithiasis, priapism, malleolar ulcers and vaso-occlusive attacks. A knowledge of such aspects is considered fundamental for the purposes of a reasoned differential diagnosis in the field of paediatric pathologies requiring surgery. PMID- 6514217 TI - [Development of the use of forceps in the 80's. Clinico-statistical considerations and long-term neuropsychiatric control in children born using this technic]. PMID- 6514218 TI - [Role of microcolpohysteroscopy in the diagnosis and therapy of intraepithelial cervical neoplasms]. PMID- 6514219 TI - [Hypertrichosis and hirsutism: current diagnostic and therapeutic directions. Our experience in 55 cases]. PMID- 6514220 TI - [Natural model of carcinoma of the cervix uteri. 1. Strategies for its prevention]. PMID- 6514221 TI - [Natural model of carcinoma of the cervix uteri. 2. Strategy for its diagnosis]. PMID- 6514222 TI - [Considerations on the real possibilities for clinical classification using the TNM system in carcinoma of the breast]. PMID- 6514223 TI - [Sarcomas of the uterus]. PMID- 6514224 TI - [Preliminary data on our experience of in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer in the treatment of sterility]. PMID- 6514225 TI - [Hemoperitoneum caused by a laceration of the uterosacral ligament in a woman in the fifth month of pregnancy. Description of a case]. PMID- 6514226 TI - A human lymphocyte antigen is shared with a group of glycoproteins in peripheral nerve. AB - The monoclonal antibody HNK-1 binds to a carbohydrate determinant in the myelin associated glycoprotein (MAG) and other glycoproteins of human peripheral nerve. Some glycoproteins of lower Mr than the major P0 glycoprotein of myelin appear to bind more antibody than MAG. These glycoproteins electrophorese in the Mr range of 20,000 to 26,000 and are present in the purified myelin fraction. The results indicate that an antigen on the surface of a subset of lymphocytes is shared with a group of glycoproteins in human peripheral nerve. The antigen appears to be similar to that recognized by IgM paraproteins associated with a type of neuropathy. PMID- 6514227 TI - Cholinergic neurons in the nucleus tegmenti pedunculopontinus pars compacta and the caudoputamen of the rat: a light and electron microscopic immunohistochemical study using a monoclonal antibody to choline acetyltransferase. AB - Large neurons in the nucleus tegmenti pedunculopontinus pars compacta (TPC) of the rat were shown to have choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) immunoreactivity by light and electron microscopic immunohistochemistry using a monoclonal antibody to ChAT. The ChAT-positive TPC neurons had triangular or multipolar cell bodies with diameters of 20-50 micron. The ultrastructural features of the ChAT-positive TPC neurons were similar to those of ChAT-positive neurons in the caudoputamen; each neuron had a distinct, pale nucleus with an indented nuclear envelope and large, cytoplasm-containing, well-developed endoplasmic reticulum and pale mitochondria. PMID- 6514228 TI - Giant inhibitory miniature currents in crayfish muscle in the presence and absence of extracellular sodium and serotonin. AB - At opener muscles of the claw, or first walking leg of small crayfish, giant spontaneous inhibitory postsynaptic currents (gsIPSCs) were recorded. In some experiments, the rate by which they occurred could be enhanced by application of 1 mumol/l serotonin (5-HT). The largest gsIPSCs seen were at least up to ten-fold larger than normal inhibitory miniature currents. Picrotoxin (10 mumol/l) reversibly abolished the gsIPSCs. Tetrodotoxin (0.1 mumol/l) or withdrawal of Na+ from the superfusion did not abolish gsIPSCs. Decay time constants of gsIPSCs, tau(gsIPSCs), were about two-fold larger than those of nerve evoked IPSCs and of normal inhibitory miniature currents. In Na+-free superfusion tau(gsIPSCs) was larger by a factor of about 1.8 than in normal superfusion, which might be a result of inhibition of a Na+-dependent transport process for inhibitory transmitter by removal of Na+ from the incubation medium. PMID- 6514229 TI - Visual properties of neurons in the suprageniculate nucleus of the cat. AB - Visual response properties were studied in 83 single units recorded in the cat suprageniculate nucleus (Sg). About 70% of the cells were visually driven preferentially by the contralateral eye and triggered by moving stimuli without directional selectivity. Receptive fields were usually of a large size (greater than 20 degrees) and for half the cells, extended into both contralateral and ipsilateral fields of vision. No retinotopy nor functional clustering within the nucleus could be demonstrated. These properties of the visual neurons in the Sg nucleus are discussed in relation to the afferent and efferent connections of this nucleus. PMID- 6514230 TI - Regional specialization of the quail retina: ganglion cell density and oil droplet distribution. AB - The ganglion cell density of the quail's retina was studied in sections and whole mounts. Two regions of high ganglion cell density were found, corresponding to an afoveate area centralis and an area dorsalis. Oil droplets were found to be isotropically distributed throughout the retina. It is proposed that the significance of such retinal regional specialization, in comparison to similar studies in the pigeon and the chick, is that regional specialization in the avian retina is more closely related to feeding habits than to phylogenetic descendence. PMID- 6514231 TI - Effects of cholinergic stimulation of the caudate nucleus on active avoidance. AB - Experiments dealing with the effects of applications of cholinergic drugs into the caudate nucleus on learned behaviors have yielded contradictory results; both improvements and deficits have been found. In the present experiment choline was injected into the CN of rats previously trained in a two-way active avoidance task. The results show that an improvement in performance can be seen when a small dose of choline is used and suggest that the reported deficits in learned performance were due to an overactivation of acetylcholine receptors. PMID- 6514232 TI - Afferent fibers to the anterior suprasylvian gyrus from the medial geniculate body of cat. AB - Afferents to the anterior suprasylvian gyrus (ASG) from the medial geniculate body of cat were demonstrated by means of autoradiography. [3H]Glycine was injected stereotactically into the medial division of the medial geniculate body (mMGB). After a 3-day survival period, the auditory cortices and the ASG were excised. Labelled terminals were found in the ASG, in the anterior auditory field (AAF) and in the acoustic cortex (AI). The density of labelling was highest in the ASG and lower in the AAF and AI. The afferents from the mMGB made synaptic contacts in the 3rd layer of the cortices examined. PMID- 6514233 TI - Influence of post-synaptic properties on the time course of synaptic potentials in different types of cat lumbar alpha-motoneurons. AB - Shape indices of excitatory post-synaptic potentials (EPSPs) have been calculated on compartmental models assembled using average properties obtained from two motoneuron groups classified as fast and slow, on the basis of rheobase current and input conductance. The calculated EPSP time courses differed considerably between the two models, the rise-time and half-width being more prolonged in the slow model. With a conductance change distributed uniformly among compartments 3 6 in a 10-compartment model, the resulting shape indices in the slow and fast model, respectively, were quite similar to the apparent average values previously observed experimentally for composite Ia EPSPs in types S (slow) and F (fast) motoneurons. The results of the calculations suggest that differences in EPSP shape indices observed between F and S motoneurons arise from systematic differences in motoneuron postsynaptic properties (specific membrane resistivity and dendritic geometry) rather than differences in dendritic location of synaptic input. The results also suggest that changes in EPSP time course, following section of the motor axon, may similarly be related to changes in motorneuron postsynaptic properties. PMID- 6514234 TI - Dye coupling between amacrine cells in carp retina. AB - Amacrine cells in isolated retinas of the carp (Cyprinus carpio) were intracellularly recorded and marked with a fluorescent dye, Lucifer yellow. On occasion, dye coupling was found to occur between amacrine cells when the dye was iontophoretically injected into an amacrine cell, generating one of the transient or sustained types of photoresponse. Dye-coupled cells in the vicinity of the marked cell were very similar to the marked cell in soma shape and dendritic stratification. Dye diffusion is assumed to take place at gap junctions between dendrities of amacrine cells which belong to a population of similar type cells in morphology and possibly in function. PMID- 6514235 TI - Classical conditioning enhances auditory 2-deoxyglucose patterns in the inferior colliculus. AB - The [14C]2-deoxyglucose (2-DG) method in conjunction with a heart rate conditioning paradigm was used to investigate whether associative pavlovian conditioning of an acoustic stimulus (CS) with an aversive reticular stimulus (US) would result in a learning-induced metabolic response within the rat inferior colliculus (IC). The data show that: (1) the arousal level of the animal can result in a sensitization of the IC to subsequent auditory stimuli, and (2) the overlapping area of spatial representation of US and CS within the IC selectively develops an enhanced metabolic response during training and as a result of learning. Our results support the conclusion that within the same neuronal space of the IC there is representation not only of the physical parameters of a stimulus but also of its learned behavioral significance. PMID- 6514236 TI - Paraventricular neurosecretory neurons: synaptic inputs from the ventrolateral medulla in rats. AB - Effects of electrical stimulation of the ventrolateral medulla on discharge activity of neurosecretory neurons in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) were studied in male rats anesthetized with urethane-chloralose. Among 35 phasically firing neurosecretory neurons, stimulation of the lateral reticular nucleus and its vicinity produced excitation in 10 and inhibition in 2. The stimulation also enhanced the activity of 40% of the PVN neurosecretory neurons that fired continuously (n = 81); of these responsive neurons, half of the neurons tested (n = 12) were inhibited by i.v. administration of phenylephrine. The result suggests that both vasopressin- and oxytocin-secreting neurons in the PVN receive mainly excitatory synaptic inputs from the ventrolateral medulla. PMID- 6514237 TI - Axonal branching in the projections from the paramedian reticular nucleus to the cerebellar cortex. AB - Injections of fluorescent tracers into cat cerebellar cortex gave evidence of collateral axonal branching of neurons situated in the paramedian reticular nucleus. These branched reticulocerebellar projections were distributed to opposing sides of the cerebellum, in particular the anterior lobe and the ansiform lobule. No topographical organization was observed in the PRN. Less than 30% of ipsilaterally projecting reticulocerebellar fibers had contralaterally directed collateral branches. These results are in keeping with a bilateral fastigial projection to the PRN forming a feedback loop circuit through which orthostatic reflexes may be mediated. PMID- 6514238 TI - The effects of chronic section of the lateral spinothalamic tract on the responses of ventral spinothalamic tract neurons in the cat. AB - Kerr's hypothesis (J. Comp. Neurol., 159 (1975) 335-356) that chronic lesion of the lateral spinothalamic tract (LSTT) might cause the ventral STT (VSTT) to take over the nociceptive function of the LSTT was tested electrophysiologically in 4 cats. Recordings were made from 15 antidromically identified deep STT cells in L7 6 months after lesion of the LSTT at L1, confirming that these cells do not project rostrally in the LSTT. The receptive fields of 12 deep STT cells were studied and found to be characteristic of these cells in normal animals; they had not developed the nociceptive characteristics of lamina I STT cells. Immunohistochemistry showed that substance P-containing afferents were still contained within the dorsal laminae of the L7 grey matter. These results disprove Kerr's hypothesis and suggest that plasticity in other ascending systems must be responsible for the return of pain after lesion of the LSTT. PMID- 6514239 TI - Inferior colliculus in the rat: neuronal responses to stimulation of the auditory cortex. AB - Responses to electrical stimulation of the auditory cortex (silver ball bipolar electrodes, single pulses, duration 0.2 ms, current 0.1-1.5 mA) were recorded in neurones in the inferior colliculus of rats anaesthetized with pentobarbital. Excitatory or inhibitory effects were obtained in 84 out of 162 recorded neurones. The majority of neurones responded with a short excitatory burst (with a latency from 3 to 15 ms); in some of them the initial excitation was followed by inhibition lasting from 30 to 150 ms. Few neurones only reacted to electrical stimulation by inhibition, which occurred 3-10 ms after the stimulus and lasted up to 300 ms. The inhibition either suppressed the spontaneous activity or the acoustically evoked response. Neurones reacting to stimulation of the auditory cortex were found mainly in the caudal and dorsal parts of the inferior colliculus. PMID- 6514240 TI - Immunoelectronhistochemical evidence for innervation of brain microvessels by vasopressin-immunoreactive neurons in the rat. AB - Peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) immunocytochemistry at the electron microscopic level was used to describe the fine structural characteristics of vascular connections between vasopressin (VP)-immunoreactive neuronal elements and cerebral microvessels in the rat. In the majority of connections, somata or neural processes (mainly dendrites) showing VP-like immunoreactivity were separated from the vessel wall by thin glial processes. In addition, some VP positive elements could establish direct contacts with the basal lamina of the endothelium or of a pericyte associated with the capillary bed. The findings provide immunocytochemical evidence that the vasopressinergic neuronal elements can directly innervate microvessels in the brain and thereby participate in regulating the local permeability of and the flow through the cerebral microvessels. PMID- 6514241 TI - Cortical projections to the periaqueductal grey in the cat: a retrograde horseradish peroxidase study. AB - Stereotaxic fluid microinjections of horseradish peroxidase into different parts of the rostral and caudal periaqueductal grey (PAG) in cats have provided substantial retrograde evidence that the somatosensory cortex (I and II), frontal cortex, insular and cingular cortex are the principal sources of cortical-PAG projections. The somatosensory cortex II projects to all the regions of the rostral and caudal PAG. The frontal cortex projects to dorso-lateral quadrant of the PAG. The same projections were determined from insular and cingular cortex to PAG. The findings revealed a morphological substratum of corticofugal effects on PAG. PMID- 6514242 TI - Anemia of chronic disorders. AB - Anemia of chronic disorders is a common anemia found in many clients with long term illnesses. It is a normocytic, normochromic anemia and is usually mild. It is frequently overlooked, though, in the general workup of the underlying disease or misdiagnosed as other common forms of anemia. However, the treatments for these anemias are either ineffectual or harmful to the client with anemia of chronic disorders. Therefore, it is important to be aware of and to differentiate anemia of chronic disorders from other anemias. PMID- 6514243 TI - Functional loss of the ileum: consequences and management. AB - A variety of circumstances renders the ileum dysfunctional or necessitates ileal resection. Loss of this tissue is manifested by a group of disorders collectively termed the short-bowel syndrome. Traditionally, individuals who have sustained such functional loss learn to manage their altered bowel in relative isolation from the health care team. Inadequate management can lead to rehospitalization or to chronic systemic imbalances which predispose these individuals to additional disease processes. The purpose of this article is to review the physical consequences of functional loss of the ileum and the essential elements in the assessment and management of individuals who have sustained such losses. This should better prepare nurse practitioners to help these individuals learn how to minimize dysfunction and prevent additional disease. PMID- 6514244 TI - Adverse toxic reaction to aqueous procaine penicillin G. AB - Aqueous procaine penicillin G therapy is frequently used in ambulatory care settings and clinicians have long been alerted to the potential allergic reactions that may occur with this therapy; however, the nonallergic toxic reaction has not been as widely publicized. A possible psychotic-like, pseudoanaphylactic reaction may occur within 60 seconds following an injection of aqueous procaine penicillin G. Two case reports and a review of the literature will be presented to alert clinicians to this reaction. Suggestions for management will also be offered. PMID- 6514245 TI - Political power for nurse practitioners. PMID- 6514246 TI - Curanderos in San Antonio. PMID- 6514247 TI - New York's power and politics. PMID- 6514248 TI - Vaginitis. PMID- 6514249 TI - Allen's test: a tool for diagnosing ulnar artery trauma. AB - Trauma to the ulnar artery was first reported by Von Rosen in 1934. In more recent years this condition has been termed ulnar-artery thrombosis, hypothenar hammer syndrome or post-traumatic digital ischemia. Trauma to the ulnar artery is caused by the repeated use of the hand as a hammer in order to apply force to an object. Any person who presents with a history of trauma to the hypothenar eminence of the hand should be screened for ulnar artery thrombosis. This screening can easily and quickly be performed by the nurse utilizing the Allen test. Early detection of vascular insufficiency coupled with cessation of chronic trauma may help the client avoid reconstructive vascular surgery. PMID- 6514250 TI - Capitalizing on the hidden job market. AB - As nurses expand their roles, job opportunities become less overt and in fact may actually be hidden from the casual job seeker. The purpose of this article is to describe how nurse practitioners can use two marketing techniques to become cognizant of those jobs in their expanded role that are not advertised. Informational interviewing and skills identification are two methods nurse practitioners can use to capitalize on this hidden job market. PMID- 6514251 TI - The obstetrics scope of practice of master's prepared FNPs. AB - Ninety-four family nurse practitioners provided information about the extent of their obstetrics practice within the general activity categories of: diagnosing and managing normal pregnancy; diagnosing and managing problems in pregnancy; parent education during pregnancy; labor and delivery management; neonatal management and evaluation; and post-partum evaluation of the mother. Analysis of the results revealed that respondents provided education-related care more frequently than the management aspects of problem pregnancies, labor and delivery and neonatal care. Routine prenatal care--diagnosing pregnancy, counseling and referral of unwanted pregnancy, examining the pregnant woman, ordering and interpreting laboratory work, fundal measurement--was also more frequently carried out than were the other activity categories. In addition, more obstetrical work was done by individuals working in health departments than those in hospital outpatient clinics, and individuals titled family nurse practitioner diagnosed and managed normal pregnancies more frequently than those who had other titles. PMID- 6514252 TI - Social play in juvenile rats: a decade of methodological and experimental research. AB - The social play behavior of juvenile rats was originally described nearly a century ago, but research methods have only recently included the controlled laboratory investigation of psychobiological variables. This review covers the experimental literature of social play or play fighting behavior in juvenile laboratory rats reported during the last decade. Innovative measures for quantifying social play are described; hormonal, pharmacological, and neurological variables are examined; and interpretative concepts of social play are discussed. The current emphasis on measures and procedures as well as the limited scope of current research effort suggests a formative stage of research development. PMID- 6514253 TI - Phencyclidine (PCP): some human studies. AB - Studies on the effects of PCP have been conducted in volunteers in the Army Laboratories and elsewhere and in illicit users. The present review has summarized the observations of many investigators which showed that the acute effects of PCP following several routes of administration were shown to be dose related. High doses of PCP produce disturbing manifestations including psychosis, numbness, light-headedness, vertigo, ataxia, and nystagmus due to acute intoxication. Furthermore, some subjects became irritable, argumentative or negative under the conditions of social stress and demanding tasks. In addition to a variety of central action, PCP has also been shown to affect cardiovascular function, heat storage, and exercise performance. PCP can also induce, although rarely, prolonged toxic psychosis in chronic abusers and precipitate psychotic episodes in psychotic and prepsychotic personalities. Tolerance, but not physical dependence, develops to the effects of PCP. Psychologic dependence as indicated by craving for the drug has however been reported. PMID- 6514254 TI - Cortisol and catecholamines changes as functions of time-of-day and self-reported mood. AB - Six male graduate students, unrestricted in their lifestyle, collected their own urine over a seven-day period: it was analysed for cortisol, noradrenaline, adrenaline and dopamine. At each urination subjects self-assessed their mood. On two separate days, blood samples were collected at 4-hourly intervals for plasma cortisol assay. Mean plasma cortisol levels showed the expected circadian variation, but two subjects had divergent patterns. Mean urine cortisol accumulation also showed circadian variation with a 2-4 hour lag behind plasma values. Mean urine catecholamine levels showed both time of day and considerable individual variation. A statistical procedure, involving comparison of two models, was developed to determine differences between subjects' excretion patterns. An underlying common pattern of cortisol and catecholamines excretion was found. Regression of hormone levels against self-assessed mood changes revealed correlations of (1) adrenaline accumulation with physical fatigue, (2) cortisol with alertness and (3) ratios of adrenaline, noradrenaline and dopamine with tenseness and irritability. PMID- 6514255 TI - Estrogen and progesterone receptor assays in human breast cancer. A brief review of the relevant terms, methods, and clinical usefulness. PMID- 6514256 TI - The middle meningeal and stapedial arteries of the rabbit. PMID- 6514257 TI - Histo-cytochemical characteristics of primordial germ cells in human embryos. PMID- 6514258 TI - Effects of methylmercuric chloride on palate closure in mice. PMID- 6514259 TI - Fine structure of the sphincter and dilator muscles of the pupil of the mouse. PMID- 6514260 TI - Fine structure, origin, and distribution density of the autonomic nerve endings in the sphincter and dilator muscles of the pupil of the mouse. PMID- 6514261 TI - Cytoarchitectural study on the dorsal motor nucleus of the rat vagus. PMID- 6514262 TI - Morphological studies on the lingual gland of Onychodactylus japonicus. I. Morphological observation of the 60th stage. PMID- 6514263 TI - Morphological studies on the lingual gland of Onychodactylus japonicus. II. Morphological observation of the 70th stage. PMID- 6514264 TI - Why should an "A" student be a better physician than a "B" student? PMID- 6514266 TI - Nucleus delivery. PMID- 6514265 TI - The anterior capsulotomy of extracapsular cataract extraction. AB - Cataracts are a major cause of blindness, and more than 75% of all cataract operations performed in the United States are associated with an intraocular lens (IOL) implant. Since approximately 63% of all IOL implants are of the posterior chamber type and associated with extracapsular cataract extraction (ECCE), it is important for the ophthalmic surgeon to perfect this operation. We describe herein the important surgical anatomy of the zonular-lens capsular attachments and present the results of a poll of experts as to the important aspects of the anterior capsulotomy of the ECCE. PMID- 6514267 TI - Surgical techniques for management of the posterior capsule. AB - Surgical techniques for management of the posterior capsule vary depending upon personal preference. Five different techniques are presented here, polishing, vacuuming, a combination of polishing and vacuuming, freezing, and chemical agents. PMID- 6514268 TI - Posterior chamber lenses: theory and use. PMID- 6514269 TI - The wrinkle sign in tear duct obstruction. AB - We describe here a skin configuration present during tear duct probing in cases of canalicular and common internal punctal obstruction which we term the "wrinkle sign." The technique for eliciting the sign and the significance of its presence is described. Observation of the "wrinkle sign" is a useful adjunct to the standard technique of tear duct probing. PMID- 6514270 TI - Diplopia following Jones tube placement. AB - Diplopia following Jones tube placement is a rare complication. A 67-year-old female with diplopia was treated four months after Jones tube placement by incising conjunctival tension bands. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of treatment of this problem. PMID- 6514271 TI - Effects of lipid peroxidation on the isolated rat retina. AB - The effects of membrane lipid peroxidation are determined in isolated albino rat retina. Lipoperoxidation induced by addition of Fe2+ + ascorbate to the perfusion liquid leads to an irreversible decrease of amplitude in the electroretinogram. The experimental model proposed here provides the possibility to monitor the survival of the retina and demonstrates that ocular lipid peroxidation very notably shortens the survival time. The specific role of the rod membranes for the excitation mechanism in the retina as revealed by these experiments is discussed. PMID- 6514272 TI - Steroid effects on uveal transport. AB - Hydrocortisone (10(-4)M) causes a significant depression of cholic acid accumulation by the isolated rabbit ciliary body-iris while causing little, if any, depression of p-aminohippuric acid uptake and not affecting alpha aminoisobutyric acid uptake. Because no lag period is present for this inhibition and because cyclohexamide pretreatments fails to eliminate it, the hydrocortisone effect does not appear to be mediated by a protein synthesis mechanism. Deoxycorticosterone (10(-4)M) not only inhibits cholic acid uptake but also depresses p-aminohippuric acid uptake; no deoxycorticosterone effect on alpha aminoisobutyric acid uptake is seen. PMID- 6514273 TI - The scotopic threshold of the human retina during static physical effort. AB - The scotopic threshold of 15 subjects was measured with a 1 degree circular white stimulus light placed at 15 degrees below the fixation level during 45 min at rest followed by 20 min constant pedalling on an ergometric bicycle with the head stationary. Loads were adjusted individually so that the effort extended by each subject required 60-75% of his maximum oxygen uptake. Similar results were obtained under both resting and effort conditions, indicating that the dark adaptation threshold remained unaffected by vigorous static effort. PMID- 6514274 TI - Sensitivity of the cornea after exposure to ultraviolet light. AB - Corneal sensitivity was measured before and after exposure to an electric welding arc. The ultraviolet radiation produced in the exposed eye a rapid and large decrease in corneal sensitivity with an equally rapid recovery, all occurring within 4 h. The other eye serving as a control retained the same sensitivity throughout the same period of time. PMID- 6514275 TI - Scotopic threshold of the human retina during dynamic physical effort. AB - The scotopic threshold of 7 subjects was measured with a 1 degree circular white light located 15 degrees below fixation during 45 min at rest followed by 10 min of running on an exercise treadmill. The slope of the treadmill was adjusted individually so that the effort extended by each subject required 60-75% of his maximum oxygen uptake. Thresholds showed a sudden elevation of about 0.55 nLa (logarithmic scale) at the onset of the exercise period, and remained at this level throughout the following 10 min. It was concluded that the head movements and consequent eye instability imposed by the run were the main cause for the increase in scotopic threshold. PMID- 6514276 TI - Long-term observations after trephination with scleral flap in glaucoma with threatened point of fixation. AB - Follow-up examinations 2 months to 9 years after a filtering operation with scleral flap with successful pressure regulation could be carried out in 26 patients with 29 eyes in which a threat to the point of fixation due to glaucoma was present. In the majority of the cases, it was possible to stabilize visual acuity and visual field by the operation. In the remaining cases, there was a slow melting away of the residual visual field without correlation with lens or macular changes or underlying internal conditions. PMID- 6514277 TI - [Course of malignant histiocytosis]. AB - This report deals with a 47-year-old patient showing the beginning of a malignant histiocytosis in both eyelids and the orbit. The histology of the tumor confirmed a malignant histiocytosis, which generalized in a systemic, progressive, invasive proliferation of atypical histiocytes. The patient died 3 years after the beginning of the disease. PMID- 6514278 TI - [Right-left differences in nystagmus direction. Observations in congenital and acquired ophthalmoneurologic syndromes]. AB - We report about 8 patients all showing a nystagmus rotatorius or giratoire and differences of the horizontal component. In syndromes of the nervous system monocular nystagmus was combined with a scew-deviation or tremor of the lids. Similar to the syndromes of the fasciculus longitudinalis posterior defects in smooth or quick movements on both sides were different. After operation of a congenital cataract a vertical nystagmus was transformed in a nystagmus latens. In congenital squint syndromes monocular vertical nystagmus may be seen if one eye or both are closed. Separate pathways from the vestibular system only lead to the vertical-moving muscles of one eye. PMID- 6514279 TI - Electron microscopic observations on the pecten of the nighthawk (Chordeiles minor). AB - The pecten of a nocturnally active bird, the nighthawk (Chordeiles minor) has been examined by light and electron microscopy. In this species the pecten consists of a pleated, highly vascular pigmented structure. It is situated over the optic nerve head and projects into the vitreous. Several accordion folds (4 5) are joined apically by a bridge of tissue which holds the pecten in a fan-like shape widest at the base. The entire pecten is enclosed in a fine basal lamina. Within each fold are numerous capillaries, larger blood vessels which could not be differentiated as to arterioles or venules and melanocytes. The capillaries are surrounded by extremely thick basal laminae composed of several fibrillar layers. These capillaries display extremely numerous microfolds on both the luminal and abluminal borders. The cell body is extremely thin with most organelles present in a paranuclear location. Pericytes are often associated with the capillaries. The melanocytes form an incomplete sheath around the capillaries and other blood vessels. The morphology of the pecten is indicative of a heavy involvement in the transport of materials. PMID- 6514280 TI - Diurnal variation in corneal endothelial morphology. AB - Transient changes in the corneal endothelium were the earliest detectable response to low atmospheric oxygen in experimental animals. Similar changes have been reported after hard and soft contact lens wear. We describe widespread transient cell changes by wide-field specular microscopy in the normal corneal endothelium after 12 hours of a light eye patch. The relative anoxia of lid closure during normal sleep appears to be the cause of observable changes. This observation questions the safety of extended wear contact lens over a prolonged period of time, and its significance to age-related endothelial cell density reduction and cornea guttata remains to be seen. PMID- 6514281 TI - Pseudophakic bullous keratopathy. Relationship to preoperative corneal endothelial status. AB - Pseudophakic bullous keratopathy is one of the complications of intraocular lens implantation. A knowledge of the preoperative status of corneal endothelium may help to minimize the incidence of this complication. The preoperative corneal endothelial status of 118 eyes of 102 patients who received Worst-Medallion intraocular lenses more than five years ago was analyzed retrospectively. This data was then correlated with the postoperative clinical status of the cornea. Twelve eyes (10%) underwent penetrating keratoplasty for irreversible corneal edema, and 28 of the remaining eyes (22%) had clinical evidence of peripheral corneal edema. No correlation was found between the preoperative endothelial cell density or the degree of postoperative cell loss and the development of corneal edema. Significant correlation was found between variation in cell size (pleomorphism) and the development of postoperative corneal edema. Greater density of precipitates on endothelium and abnormality in cell shape postoperatively were also frequently seen in corneas that developed edema subsequently. PMID- 6514282 TI - Specular microscopy of hard contact lens wearers. AB - Wide-field specular microscopy, slit-lamp examination, and pachometry were performed on 22 successful hard contact lens wearers and 22 controls matched for age, race, sex, and refractive error. A minimum of 600 cells per control and 1200 per contact lens wearer were manually digitized from the specular photomicrographs. Frequency distributions of cell areas were compared between the two groups using the parameters of mean, median, standard deviation, coefficient of variation, skewness and kurtosis. Slit-lamp examination was normal and there was no significant difference in corneal thickness between the patient group and the control group. Comparison of mean, median, and standard deviation also revealed no significant difference, but skewness (P less than .001), kurtosis (P less than .001) and coefficient of variation (P less than .004) were greater in the hard contact lens wear group. Hard contact lens wearing time correlated with increasing pleomorphism (P less than .05). Specular microscopy also revealed morphologic changes including deep stromal striae, intra- and extracellular "blackout" areas, and clustering of extremely small and large cells. The possible relationship between endothelial hypoxia and structural stromal changes are discussed. PMID- 6514283 TI - The effect of vitreous and retinal surgery on corneal endothelial cell density. AB - The effect of vitreoretinal surgery on corneal endothelial cell density was studied prospectively in 69 eyes by comparing preoperative endothelial cell densities to postoperative data. The mean cell loss in eyes of diabetic patients did not differ significantly from those of non-diabetics. The mean endothelial cell loss in 30 phakic eyes which underwent pars plana vitrectomy without lens removal was 1.3 +/- 1.4%. In aphakic eyes, vitrectomy and scleral buckling led to a mean cell loss of 12.6 +/- 2.3%. When vitrectomy was combined with lentectomy and scleral buckling, the mean cell loss was 8.5 +/- 1.8%, but eyes undergoing fluid-gas exchange in addition to these procedures suffered a mean cell loss of 16.9 +/- 1.9%. The presence of the lens protects the corneal endothelium during pars plana vitrectomy, while fluid-gas exchange in aphakic eyes appears to have a detrimental effect. PMID- 6514284 TI - Clinical experience and grading of amiodarone keratopathy. AB - Eighteen patients receiving the cardiac drug amiodarone were followed prospectively for the development of amiodarone keratopathy. Seventeen of 18 patients (94%) developed characteristic epithelial keratopathy in at least one eye within three months of the initiation of therapy. The pattern of the epithelial deposits was noted to undergo progressive changes in configuration as a function of the duration of amiodarone therapy. These evolving changes are well defined and allow development of a grading system for amiodarone keratopathy. A grading system as well as a proposed mechanism for evolving pattern of the keratopathy are presented. PMID- 6514285 TI - Psychosocial findings in radial keratotomy patients two years after surgery. AB - In a psychosocial study of patients who participated in an evaluation of the visual, refractive and keratometric results of radial keratotomy, respondents stated that their primary reasons for electing the operation related to anticipated changes in vision. Improving appearance was not reported as a primary reason for seeking radial keratotomy by these patients. When asked two years after surgery if their vision had improved, remained the same, or worsened, 94.3% reported improvement over preoperative vision. About 40% still wear corrective lens, 26% full time and 14% only part of the time. Most patients (84.1%) reported overall satisfaction with the surgical outcome. Patient satisfaction was strongly related to perceived improvement of vision after surgery, and not to patient self esteem, to changes in appearance or lifestyle brought about by the operation, or to having a particular physician perform the surgery. PMID- 6514286 TI - Morphologic effect of hyperosmolarity on rabbit corneal epithelium. AB - The morphologic effect of hyperosmolarity, equivalent to that seen in the tear film of patients with keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS), on rabbit corneal epithelium in vitro and in vivo was studied. In the in vitro studies, corneal epithelium was grown in explant cultures. Control tissue was cultured in a 307 mOsm/L medium. Epithelium cultured in the 333, 361 and 363 mOsm/L media showed decreased intercellular connections, blunting and loss of microplicae, disruptions in cell membranes and cellular swelling with decreased cytoplasmic density. In in vivo studies, corneas bathed in balanced salt solutions (BSS) concentrated to 330, 360, or 407 mOsm/L showed increased cell desquamation, and the cell changes observed at similar osmolarities in the in vitro studies. The tear film osmolarities observed in KCS are sufficient to cause the corneal epithelial changes seen in patients with this disease. PMID- 6514287 TI - Intraocular lens implantation in children with monocular cataracts. 1974-1983. AB - Two hundred twenty-five consecutive intraocular lens (IOL) implants performed by the same surgeon from 1977 to 1983 are reviewed. Ninety (40%) patients had traumatic cataracts and 135 (60%) patients had infantile cataracts. Fifty-four percent of the patients presented with preoperative complications. The most frequent were corneal scars (62%) in the traumatic cataract patients, and posterior lenticonus (18%), microphthalmia (16%), PHPV (14%), and optic nerve defects (12%) in the infantile cataract patients. The iris suture lens was implanted from 1973 to 1982, but the posterior chamber lens is now the most frequently implanted primary IOL. Flexible anterior chamber or iris suture IOLs are used as secondary implants. Follow-up ranged from six months to nine years. Postoperatively, 66% of the patients required spectacles for residual optical correction and 55% required occlusion for amblyopia. Postoperative complications consisted of post-pseudophakos membranes (13%), peripheral iris erosion (13%), iris sphincter erosion (18%), dislocated IOLs (7%) and corneal edema (4%). Secondary surgical procedures relating to the IOL were discissions of post pseudophakos membranes (6 patients), refixation of dislocated lens (15 patients) and IOL removal (6 patients). The best corrected visual acuities during the course of the follow-up was 20/20 to 20/40 in 34% of the patients, 20/50 to 20/100 in 21%, 20/200 in 12%, and less than 20/200 in 33% of patients. Sixty percent of the traumatic cataract patients achieved 20/20 to 20/40 acuity and 17% of the infantile cataract patients achieved this level. Primary implantation patients achieved superior acuities over secondary implantations in both groups. PMID- 6514288 TI - Incidence of chronic glaucoma, retinal detachment and secondary membrane surgery in pediatric aphakic patients. AB - The eyes of 392 consecutive childhood cataract aspiration procedures were analysed for frequency of the development of chronic glaucoma and retinal detachment and the performance of secondary membrane surgery. Three different modifications of the aspiration procedure were employed: the standard needle and syringe procedure leaving the posterior capsule intact (304 eyes), rotoextraction with small opening of the posterior capsule (34 eyes) and Ocutome aspiration with wide excision of the posterior capsule (54 eyes). The mean postoperative follow up was 5.5 years. Chronic glaucoma was found in 6.1% of the eyes. Coexisting ocular anomalies and retained lens cortex increased the risk for this complication. Retinal detachment was found in 1.5% of the cases. Coexisting ocular anomalies and uncontrolled vitreous disturbance increased the possibility of retinal detachment. Secondary membrane procedures were performed in 62% of the eyes in which the aspiration procedure left the posterior capsule intact, in nearly 12% of those in which the posterior capsule was minimally opened and in none of those which had the posterior capsule widely excised. The secondary membrane surgery itself appeared to increase the risk for both glaucoma and retinal detachment. The aspiration procedure with the lowest incidence for all three complications was the Ocutome aspiration with wide excision of the posterior capsule. PMID- 6514289 TI - Mortality rate in rheumatoid arthritis patients developing necrotizing scleritis or peripheral ulcerative keratitis. Effects of systemic immunosuppression. AB - We performed a nonrandomized clinical trial comparing the ocular and systemic efficacy of cytotoxic immunosuppression with steroidal and nonsteroidal anti inflammatory therapy in the care of 34 patients with rheumatoid arthritis who developed peripheral ulcerative keratitis and/or necrotizing scleritis. Nine of the 17 patients managed with conventional therapy died of a vascular-related event during the ten-year period of the study. In 13 of the 17 patients, the ocular inflammatory process progressed, and in 5 patients extraocular, although nonlethal, vasculitic lesions developed. One of 17 patients treated with long term immunosuppressive therapy died during the ten-year follow-up period, and this death occurred after cytotoxic therapy was withdrawn. None of the patients on immunosuppressive regimens developed extraocular vasculitis while taking the drug, and none had progression of the ocular destructive lesion. The results of this study emphasize that the eye is a sensitive indicator for potentially lethal occult systemic vasculitis in patients with rheumatoid arthritis who develop peripheral ulcerative keratitis or necrotizing scleritis. Our mortality data strongly suggest that the use of cytotoxic drugs may alter favorably the general as well as the ocular prognosis in these patients. PMID- 6514290 TI - Ocular BB injuries. AB - Data from the United States Consumer Product Safety Commission indicate that air powered guns were responsible for 22,800 injuries treated in emergency rooms during 1981, of which 1255 were eye injuries. From 1970 to 1981, 32 patients have undergone surgical intervention at the Wilmer Eye Institute for airgun-related eye injuries. Of the 22 patients with penetrating injuries from the pellets, 19 eyes were enucleated; final vision in the three remaining eyes was worse than 5/200. Of seven patients with nonpenetrating injuries, six had final vision of 20/40 or better. All three patients with penetrating injuries from shattered spectacle lenses had final vision of 20/40 or better. Histopathologic examination of the enucleated specimens demonstrated severe disruption of intraocular contents, particularly posteriorly. Despite the potential ocular dangers of airguns, only 11 states have enacted legislation that regulates their sale or use. BB injuries represent a devastating form of ocular trauma which can be prevented by adoption and enforcement of appropriate legislation. PMID- 6514292 TI - Advisory opinions on the Code of Ethics of the American Academy of Ophthalmology. PMID- 6514291 TI - Small lymphangiomas of the eyelids. AB - Three patients are described with focal lymphangiomatous lesions of their eyelids. A child with a partially regressed, congenital lesion presented with evidence of recent hemorrhage, while, of two adults with acquired tumors, one had a blue lesion suggesting a malignant melanoma, and the other had a more obviously cystic lesion, suggesting an epidermal or adnexal cyst. In one case, the lesion was situated entirely within the marginal orbicularis striated muscle, and in the other two cases the lesion was restricted to the dermis of the lid. Abrupt change in the coloration of a lesion in the lid should suggest hemorrhage into a preexistent tumor. Hemorrhage into lymphangiomas is extremely common, and therefore this vascular tumor should be included in the differential diagnosis of previously nondiscolored lesions. Other vascular tumors, such as capillary, cavernous or venous angiomas would be expected to have a longstanding reddish blue hue. PMID- 6514293 TI - American Academy of Ophthalmology manpower studies. Part V. PMID- 6514294 TI - Retinal burns occurring at cataract extraction. AB - Paramacular changes presumably induced by operating microscope light have been described previously in six patients who had undergone extracapsular cataract extraction with posterior chamber lens implantation. Twelve additional patients are reported, including pseudophakes and nonpseudophakes, macular and paramacular burns, and no visual loss and severe visual loss. Burns occurred in spite of filters and light barriers used in some cases. Light sources were tungsten bulb or halogen/fiberoptic. Three cases had essentially normal preoperative angiography. Currently recommended safety measures have not eliminated this complication. PMID- 6514295 TI - Factors affecting visual loss in benign intracranial hypertension. AB - Visual function and optic disc appearances were studied in 68 patients conforming to established criteria of benign intracranial hypertension (BIH). The clinical, radiological, and laboratory findings of those patients whose visual field or acuity deteriorated were compared with those who did not deteriorate over an average follow-up of 4.1 years. Definite loss of visual function occurred in 49% of eyes and was severe in 6%. Patients with high grade or atrophic papilledema, or peripapillary subretinal hemorrhage, were significantly more likely to have had deterioration of visual function. Transient obscurations of vision and the presence of optico-ciliary shunts were associated with severe visual loss. Anemia, older age, and high myopia were other risk factors for visual loss. Chronic papilledema may cause progressive visual loss and, for this reason, BIH is not a benign condition; fundal changes and visual function should be carefully monitored. PMID- 6514296 TI - Optic nerve sheath meningiomas. Clinical manifestations. AB - A retrospective clinical study of optic nerve sheath meningiomas based on 22 patients showed that symptoms most commonly develop in women between the ages of 35 and 60 years. The most common presenting symptoms were decreased vision and transient visual obscurations. In the earliest stages, many patients presented with normal to mildly impaired acuity (despite subjectively decreased vision), optic disc edema and enlargement of the blind spot. Optic disc edema was frequently associated with refractile bodies indicative of chronic swelling. Optic disc edema preceded the development of optic atrophy. Another group of patients presented with a history of longstanding vision loss, visual acuity of 20/200 or worse and optic atrophy. Optociliary shunt vessels were late findings only seen in five patients. The most consistent visual field abnormality was peripheral constriction. Cecocentral scotomas were uncommon. Intracranial involvement was present in five patients. There were two patients with bilateral optic nerve sheath meningiomas without CT evidence of intracranial involvement. Computerized tomography was found to be indispensable in the diagnosis of optic nerve sheath meningiomas and the detection of intracranial involvement. PMID- 6514297 TI - Retinal and optic nerve findings in Goldenhar-Gorlin syndrome. AB - Involvement of the posterior segment of the eye in Goldenhar-Gorlin syndrome is more common than is generally appreciated. We examined seven patients with this syndrome. Abnormalities included diminished visual acuity, tilted optic disc, optic nerve hypoplasia, tortuous retinal vessels, macular hypoplasia and heterotopia, microphthalmia and anophthalmia. In one case, pathologic study showed agenesis of the optic nerve. It is proposed that retinal, optic nerve and craniofacial abnormalities in this condition may reflect an asynchrony in the migration of the neural crest cells in the early stages of embryonal development. PMID- 6514298 TI - Optic disc structure in anterior ischemic optic neuropathy. AB - The etiology of anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (AION), when not associated with giant cell arteritis, is usually unknown. Clinical, pathologic, and experimental studies have not determined a cause. The optic disc appearance in both the involved and normal fellow eye was studied in 51 patients with acute nonarteritic AION. The number of discs (both involved and fellow) without a physiologic cup was significantly greater than would be expected from normal population studies. The etiology of nonarteritic AION may be related to the anatomic configuration of the optic nerve. PMID- 6514299 TI - Ischemic optic neuropathy. Still the ophthalmologist's dilemma. AB - Ischemic optic neuropathy, in its arteritic and idiopathic varieties, presents both diagnostic and therapeutic challenges to the clinician, specifically: the role of temporal artery biopsy in management of giant cell arteritis; the preferred treatment regimen for giant cell arteritis, including decisions to begin tapering therapy and stopping therapy; action to take if major steroid complications arise while the disease is still active; distinguishing anterior ischemic optic neuropathy from idiopathic optic neuritis; whether cerebral arteriography is indicated in the assessment of idiopathic ischemic optic neuropathy; and whether steroid therapy is of any value in the treatment of idiopathic ischemic optic neuropathy. PMID- 6514300 TI - Narrowing of the retinal arterioles in descending optic atrophy. A quantitative clinical study. AB - Measurements were made on fundus photographs of the diameters of retinal arterioles in a series of cases with various nonvascular lesions of the anterior visual pathways, before and after the development of fundus signs of optic atrophy. A simple method was devised for reliable estimation of the diameter of the central retinal artery whenever this vessel could not be measured directly: this allowed comparisons to be made between different eyes, irrespective of individual variations in arteriolar branching patterns. Atrophy was consistently associated with a decrease in central retinal artery caliber, averaging 24% in eyes developing total optic atrophy, and 17% in eyes with hemi-atrophy. Normal controls showed a maximum side difference of 8%. PMID- 6514301 TI - Retinoblastoma. CT diagnosis. AB - Computed tomography (CT) scan is a valuable adjunct in the differential diagnosis and management of retinoblastoma. Thirty-one of 33 retinoblastoma patients studied with high resolution computed tomography had intraocular calcification demonstrable in at least one eye. Over 80% of tumors showed evidence of calcification on CT scan. The degree of calcification appeared to depend upon tumor size; only small tumors were devoid of calcification. The amount and distribution of calcification was similar on both histological and CT review. In patients under three years of age in whom a retinoblastoma is suspected, the presence of calcification on CT scan is virtually diagnostic of retinoblastoma; patients with leukocoria without calcification on CT probably have a simulating lesion. PMID- 6514302 TI - Intraocular pressure in diabetic persons. AB - Intraocular pressure measurements were taken in 2366 diabetic persons and 381 nondiabetic persons who lived in southern Wisconsin. Diabetic persons tended to have higher mean intraocular pressure than the nondiabetic persons. Higher blood pressure, earlier time of day of IOP measurement, absence of cataract and, in some comparisons, female gender, were significantly associated with higher intraocular pressure. In this study rates of a positive history of glaucoma were higher in diabetic persons than in nondiabetic persons and the population participating in the Health Interview Survey. These findings suggest that ophthalmologists must be aware of the increased risk of glaucoma when evaluating diabetic patients. PMID- 6514303 TI - Plasma timolol in glaucoma patients. AB - Plasma timolol levels were measured in our timolol-treated glaucoma patients employing three protocols: (1) measurements in ten patients over age 60 on chronic timolol therapy before, one hour, and three hours after receiving one drop of 0.5% timolol, (2) measurements in nine adult patients, with and without punctal occlusion, and (3) random measurement of plasma timolol in children on chronic timolol therapy while under general anesthesia. In the ten patients over age 60 years, baseline mean plasma timolol was 0.34 ng/ml, increasing to a mean of 1.34 ng/ml one hour after receiving drops. When punctal occlusion was applied, the mean one-hour plasma timolol diminished to 0.9 ng/ml, approximately 40% less than that observed without punctal occlusion. The plasma timolol levels examined in nine determinations in five children ranged from a low 3.5 ng/ml in a five year-old child to 34 ng/ml in a three-week-old infant. PMID- 6514304 TI - Tolerance and absence of rebound vasodilation following topical ocular decongestant usage. AB - Commercial preparations of two topical ophthalmic vasoconstrictors were evaluated for whitening ability, duration of action, tolerance, and rebound vasodilation in 11 normal volunteers. Both 0.02% naphazoline HCI and 0.05% tetrahydrozoline HCI significantly reduced baseline redness after a single use (Part I); however, naphazoline produced significantly more whitening than did tetrahydrozoline. Only naphazoline retained its whitening ability after ten days (Part II). The level of redness remained significantly below baseline for eight hours after a single use of either vasoconstrictor and for six hours after multiple use of naphazoline. The diminished effectiveness of tetrahydrozoline after the ten-day test period may encourage its overuse. Neither vasoconstrictor produced rebound vasodilation after discontinuation of use. PMID- 6514305 TI - The use of Amsler grids in early chloroquine retinopathy. AB - A survey of Canadian ophthalmologists and rheumatologists suggests that there is a significant incidence of definite chloroquine retinopathy in their patients. As hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine appear to be better tolerated and less toxic than some other drugs used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus, there is a need for a simple, patient-administered test for early diagnosis of chloroquine retinopathy. The Amsler grid and smaller Yannuzzi modified Amsler grid are simple, inexpensive, and correlate well with scotomas found with static and kinetic perimetry. PMID- 6514306 TI - The treatment of myopia with atropine and bifocals. A long-term prospective study. AB - Two hundred fifty-three patients were followed for up to nine years (mean, 4 1/4 years). They were on a regimen of atropine 1% once a day in an attempt to retard myopic progression. Their rate of myopic progression prior to atropine treatment was compared with 146 controls. The rates of myopic progression during and after treatment were also compared to those of the controls. The results from several analyses showed a marked flattening in the rate of myopic progression during treatment, and the rate of myopic progression after treatment ran parallel to those in the control group. Age in relation to myopic progression was evaluated in subgroups. A variation existed in the rate of myopic progression in the controls. The fastest rate of myopic progression occurred between eight and 12 years of age, and the slowest rate of myopic progression developed in those patients over 18 years of age. PMID- 6514307 TI - Surgical treatment of the upshoot and downshoot in Duanes' retraction syndrome. AB - The upshoot and downshoot that occurs when the eye is rotated into the adducted position in Duanes' retraction syndrome is believed to be related to a taut or leash effect from the lateral rectus muscle. When the eye is adducted, the lateral rectus muscle is believed to "slip" over the globe, producing this abnormal movement. Five patients with Duanes' retraction syndrome demonstrated this finding and underwent a splitting of the lateral rectus into a Y configuration. All five patients demonstrated a marked decrease in the up- or downshoot after surgery. PMID- 6514308 TI - Vitrectomy for macular pucker. AB - Vitreous surgery was used to treat 130 consecutive cases with epiretinal membranes causing macular pucker. The membrane: (1) occurred after otherwise successful retinal reattachment surgery in 78 eyes (60%), (2) was idiopathic in 28 eyes (22%), (3) was associated with other ocular disorders in 20 eyes (15%), and (4) in four eyes may have been developmental. The abnormal tissue was successfully removed in 128 of 130 eyes, and vision improved at least two lines on the Snellen chart in 108 eyes (83%). Postoperative visual acuity was 20/20 in five eyes (4%), 20/25 to 20/40 in 41 eyes (31.5%), 20/50 to 20/100 in 64 eyes (49%), 20/200 in 15 eyes (11.5%), and 20/400 in five eyes (4%). Complications included one case of sterile endophthalmitis and one case of infective endophthalmitis (Staphylococcus epidermidis). Peripheral retinal tears occurred in six eyes (5%). No posterior retinal breaks occurred in this series. Later retinal detachment occurred in eight eyes (6%) requiring further retinal surgery. Progressive postoperative nuclear sclerotic lens changes occurred in 31 (34%) of 90 phakic eyes. Sizable amounts of epiretinal tissue recurred postoperatively in four eyes (3%). PMID- 6514309 TI - Orbital emphysema as an ophthalmologic emergency. AB - Orbital emphysema is generally a benign, self-limited condition. However, if a fracture produces a ball-valve effect allowing air to enter but not to leave the orbit, and if the orbital septum remains intact, then extremely high intraorbital pressure and visual loss is possible. Two cases are described of visual loss from orbital emphysema, in a 33-year-old man and a 28-year-old man, which were successfully treated by a lateral canthotomy and cantholysis. PMID- 6514310 TI - Amputation neuroma of the orbit. Report of two cases and review of the literature. AB - Two patients developed proptosis and a slowly enlarging mass with increasing discomfort in the orbital socket 17 and 25 years following enucleation. Preoperative CT scans revealed a single cystic structure within the orbits of each case with distinct soft tissue tumors adjacent to the cysts. The cystic structures and the adjacent solid masses were removed en bloc necessitating reconstruction of the orbits with a dermal fat pad (case 1) and a mucous membrane graft (case 2). Postoperatively the patients were free of complaints. Microscopically, the cystic structures were identified as conjunctival inclusion cysts while the soft tissue masses were traumatic neuromas with irregular tangles and whorls composed of proliferated axons, Schwann cells and connective tissue. Only seven amputation neuromas of the orbit have been reported. Pain related to the neuroma is rarely encountered and is probably caused by mechanical irritation of the amputation neuroma, by retracting scar tissue, or compression from an adjacent cystic mass as in one of our cases. PMID- 6514311 TI - Orbital dacryops. AB - Two patients presented with an enlarging orbital mass that proved to be simple dacryops, a condition in which a cyst arises in the palpebral lobe of the lacrimal gland. The cyst in one patient was lined by one to two layers of relatively flat epithelial cells favoring a lacrimal gland ductal origin. In the second patient, the cyst was lined by a nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium with numerous goblet cells consistent with a conjunctival origin. PMID- 6514312 TI - Posterior lenticonus. AB - Two patients with posterior lenticonus; one was unilateral and the other was bilateral. The second patient had bilateral cataract extractions and the lenses were examined histopathologically. Postoperatively she did not have any amblyopia. The purpose of this presentation is to illustrate two points from the clinicopathological findings: The pathogenesis of the anomaly is mainly due to inherited thinning and weakness of the central part of the posterior lens capsule. We suggest that the posterior lenticonus without complicated cataract is not a main cause of profound amblyopia. The amblyopia is dependent on the age at which the cataract develops. PMID- 6514313 TI - A prismatic scanning method for treating low vision patients with macular disorders. PMID- 6514314 TI - Implanted intraocular lenses and fluorescence. PMID- 6514316 TI - [Prevention of purulent complications of open leg fractures in the early hospital stage]. PMID- 6514315 TI - [Implementation of the achievements of medical science into health care practice in the Ukrainian SSR]. PMID- 6514317 TI - [Effect on nonspecific immunotherapy on several indices of cellular immunity among patients with purulent surgical infections]. PMID- 6514318 TI - [Surgical treatment of focal lesions of the neck, lesser trochanter and Adam's arch of the femur]. PMID- 6514319 TI - [Diagnosis of pigmented villonodular synovitis]. PMID- 6514320 TI - [Prediction of recurrences of various benign skeletal neoplasms among children and adolescents by the chief component method]. PMID- 6514321 TI - [Fibrosarcoma of bone]. PMID- 6514322 TI - [Extra-articular ankylosis of the elbow joint after intravenous infusion of pharmaceutical preparations]. PMID- 6514323 TI - [Method of immobilizing the lower extremities after extensive soft tissue injuries]. PMID- 6514324 TI - [Our experience in the treatment of posttraumatic fat embolism]. PMID- 6514325 TI - [Rare case of hemangioma of the bones of the upper extremity]. PMID- 6514326 TI - [Giant cell tumor of the patella]. PMID- 6514327 TI - [Metal-polymer dismountable intertrochanteric endoprosthesis of the knee joint and procedure for implanting it]. PMID- 6514329 TI - [Clamp for the pins of a compression-distraction apparatus]. PMID- 6514328 TI - [Device for treating bone surfaces]. PMID- 6514330 TI - [Method of surgical treatment of habitual shoulder dislocations]. PMID- 6514331 TI - [Irrigation-aspiration treatment of surgical wounds in osteomyelitis patients]. PMID- 6514332 TI - [Etiologic structure of purulent-inflammatory processes among traumatologo orthopedic patients]. PMID- 6514333 TI - [Treatment of extensive suppurative soft tissue wounds in a controlled bacteria free environment]. PMID- 6514334 TI - Adjuvant effect of acidic phospholipids on delayed type hypersensitivity in mouse. PMID- 6514335 TI - A compound inhibiting platelet aggregation in hemofiltrate from uremic patients. PMID- 6514336 TI - Studies on experimental brain edema caused by Nd:YAG laser irradiation: measurement of water content by gas-liquid chromatography. PMID- 6514337 TI - Effects of tetrahydrofuran exposure on the ciliary activity and morphology of tracheal epithelium in rabbits. PMID- 6514338 TI - A determination method of blast formation rate of lymphocytes using a blood cell counter. PMID- 6514339 TI - [Thoracic ectopic kidney in childhood]. PMID- 6514340 TI - [Eating epilepsy]. PMID- 6514341 TI - [Thoughts on standards of medical behavior]. PMID- 6514342 TI - [Centrilobular liver necrosis associated with circulatory failure]. PMID- 6514343 TI - [Current modes of preventing and treating thrombosis in pregnancy]. PMID- 6514344 TI - [Difficulties of hospital care of children and possible solutions]. PMID- 6514345 TI - [The allergenic effect of propolis]. PMID- 6514346 TI - [Complication of aminoglycoside therapy: acute psychosis and renal insufficiency]. PMID- 6514347 TI - [Successful operation of a pseudoaneurysm of the ascending aorta under deep hypothermia]. PMID- 6514348 TI - [Justification of radiologic (or laboratory) tests. (Possibilities of avoiding diagnostic polypragmatism)]. PMID- 6514349 TI - [Does omphalocele constitute an indication for pregnancy interruption?]. PMID- 6514350 TI - [Effect of a dopamine receptor blockader (domperidone) on serum TSH and growth hormone levels in patients with thyroid diseases]. PMID- 6514351 TI - [Patterns of frequency of use of peridural analgesia in surgical deliveries]. PMID- 6514352 TI - [Combined cytostatic therapy of malignant histiocytosis]. PMID- 6514353 TI - [Short rib-polydactyly syndrome]. PMID- 6514354 TI - [Arterial occlusion in the ocular fundus induced by oral contraceptives]. PMID- 6514355 TI - [Benign neonatal familial epilepsy]. PMID- 6514356 TI - [In defense of acupuncture and its criticism]. PMID- 6514357 TI - Symposium on medical therapy in otolaryngology. PMID- 6514358 TI - The otolaryngologist and hearing protectors. AB - There is increasing evidence that hearing conservation programs based on hearing protective devices can be and are effective. Hearing conservation requires effort and all successful programs seem to be based on a mixture of engineering, monitoring, and personal protection. PMID- 6514359 TI - Medical management of chronic otitis media. AB - Chronic otitis media can be successfully managed by purposeful and aggressive medical therapy. Frequent and meticulous debridement, topical treatment, and adjunctive systemic antibiotics should be used. Medical treatment is appropriate either as a curative measure, or for preoperative preparation of the ear. PMID- 6514360 TI - Medical management of non-neoplastic salivary gland disease. AB - Non-neoplastic salivary gland disorders are increasing as a result of many factors. The role of salivary secretion in providing protection to the oral and pharyngeal tissues is discussed along with the diagnosis and treatment of some of the more common non-neoplastic salivary gland diseases. PMID- 6514362 TI - Medical management of disorders of swallowing. AB - Disorders of swallowing in a given patient can result from abnormalities of dentition, the oral cavity (mouth and pharynx), the cricopharyngeal muscle, esophageal skeletal (proximal) or smooth (distal) muscle, the lower esophageal sphincter, and the stomach. Recent advances include refinements in esophageal manometric techniques with reclassification of motility disorders; newer drugs to treat gastroesophageal reflux; recognition of more frequent infections of the esophagus in immunosuppressed patients; and adaptation of the use of medications such as nitrates and calcium-channel blockers, which were previously primarily cardiotonic, for investigative treatment of esophageal motility abnormalities. PMID- 6514361 TI - Medical management of organic laryngeal disorders. AB - Medical management of organic laryngeal disorders always involves evaluation and advice; it frequently includes reassurance and sometimes voice therapy. Occasionally medication is also necessary. PMID- 6514363 TI - The role of the psychiatrist in otolaryngology. AB - The patient, staff, and physician benefit when the otolaryngologist and psychiatrist are able to work closely together. Not only is clinical care improved, but time can be spent more efficiently in dealing directly with the patient's problem. PMID- 6514364 TI - The management of medical emergencies in otolaryngology. AB - We have tried to present the clinically relevant medical problems that otolaryngologists may face and to suggest management plans. Emergencies are divided by specific problems into general chemical, metabolic, and surgical categories. Space limitation allows only discussion of the most important problems but will hopefully stimulate interest in the remainder. PMID- 6514365 TI - The medical treatment of head and neck pain. AB - Head and neck pain are extremely common and in any year, four of five people will experience a headache. In one out of two the headache will be severe enough to interfere with daily activity. In this article the multiple clinical syndromes of head and neck pain are presented and the current medical therapies reviewed. PMID- 6514366 TI - The use of steroids in otolaryngology. AB - We believe that in many instances the clinical indications for steroid administration are at best marginal, the results indeterminate. Fortunately, most such treatments are short and consequently the risk of serious side effects is minimal. A systematic effort to evaluate effects of corticosteroids in statistically significant groups of patients with otolaryngologic disorders continues to be a necessity. This observation made by Lederer et al. 15 years ago continues to be valid today. PMID- 6514367 TI - [Results of the conservative treatment of allergic nasosinus disease]. PMID- 6514368 TI - [Branchial arch and pouch remnants]. PMID- 6514370 TI - [Case of Pendred's syndrome]. PMID- 6514369 TI - [Technic for measuring fast brain stem potentials in guinea pigs]. PMID- 6514371 TI - [Schwannoma of the nasal cavity]. PMID- 6514372 TI - [Foreign body of the submandibular gland]. PMID- 6514373 TI - Raphe magnus inhibition of primate T1-T4 spinothalamic cells with cardiopulmonary visceral input. AB - Effects of stimulation of nucleus raphe magnus on upper thoracic spinothalamic tract neurons were determined. Experiments were performed on 15 monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) anesthetized with alpha-chloralose. Forty-two T1-T4 spinothalamic tract neurons with viscerosomatic inputs were studied. Stimulation of nucleus raphe magnus inhibited activity of all 42 neurons. Thirty-two of these cells had background activity. The magnitude of the inhibition of background activity was related to the raphe magnus stimulus current. Current strengths as low as 300 microA (100 Hz, 0.2 msec duration) completely inhibited most cells. Current thresholds averaged 80 +/- 10 microA and were unrelated to the type of somatic or visceral input the cell received, or to the cell location. Conditioning stimuli applied to nucleus raphe magnus inhibited cell responses to electrical stimulation of cardiopulmonary sympathetic A delta and C afferent fibers. However, in order to demonstrate preferential inhibition of responses to C fiber input it was necessary to use 200 msec trains of raphe stimuli which were concurrent with the cell response to sympathetic afferent stimuli. Twenty-five spinothalamic neurons were tested for responses to intracardiac injections of bradykinin and 17 cells increased their discharge rate. Stimulation of nucleus raphe magnus (280 +/- 25 microA) near the peak of the response reduced activity of all 17 cells from 26 +/- 3 to 4 +/- 1 spikes/sec (P less than 0.001). Raphe stimulation inhibited responses of 41 of 41 cells to noxious pinch and responses of 15 of 15 wide dynamic range and the 1 low threshold cell to blowing hair. The results establish the capacity of the raphe-spinal pathway to modulate activity of upper thoracic spinothalamic tract neurons including their response to potentially noxious cardiac stimuli. It is therefore possible that descending inhibitory systems may modulate ascending information related to cardiac pain and perhaps account for myocardial ischemic attacks which occur without pain. PMID- 6514374 TI - The heterotopic effects of visceral pain: behavioural and electrophysiological approaches in the rat. AB - The heterotopic effects of peritoneo-visceral pain were investigated in behavioural and electrophysiological experiments performed on rats. The intraperitoneal administration of acetic acid (i.p. AA), an algesic agent commonly used to induce writhing behaviour in rodents, was used as a conditioning stimulus in two parallel series of experiments involving 3 behavioural tests and recordings of dorsal horn convergent neurones. The responses to a nociceptive stimulus applied to the tail or paws were lowered by i.p. AA but these effects depended on the behavioural test used: in the tail-flick test, AA produced a transient low magnitude increase in latencies; the threshold for vocalization induced by electrical stimulation of the tail was clearly (25%) and sustainedly (full recovery taking up to 1 h) increased; the jump latency in hot plate was markedly increased (100% at 15 min). Intraperitoneal AA strongly depressed the C fibre evoked responses of coccygeal convergent neurones to suprathreshold transcutaneous electrical stimulation applied on their tail excitatory receptive fields. The time course of these inhibitory effects roughly paralleled the behavioural hypoalgesic effect observed in the vocalization test. These results are discussed with reference to diffuse noxious inhibitory controls (DNIC). Analogies with counter-irritation phenomena are emphasized. PMID- 6514375 TI - Inhibition of cutaneous nociception by deep musculoskeletal pain. PMID- 6514376 TI - Elleipsisoma thomsoni Franca, 1912: an Apicomplexan parasite in the red blood cells of the mole (Talpa europaea). AB - The rediscovery of Elleipsisoma thomsoni Franca 1912 from Talpa europaea is reported. This organism, whose identity as a parasite was initially doubted, is shown to be an intra-erythrocytic protozoan parasite. Light microscope observation confirmed the original description and 22/53 (42.5%) moles examined from a locality near Blackpool were positive. Organ impression smears demonstrated that E. thomsoni was concentrated in the heart and lungs, occasionally in the kidneys, liver and spleen. Electron microscope studies conclusively showed that the parasite was a member of the phylum Apicomplexa. A typical apical complex was present with rhoptries, micronemes, polar ring and microtubules but, in contrast to the genera Plasmodium, Babesia and Theileria, a conoid was also present. The parasitized red cells were larger than normal mature erythrocytes and the remaining cytoplasm of the erythrocyte was less dense than that of non-infected red cells. The problem of studying this enigmatic parasite and its life-cycle are described. PMID- 6514377 TI - The importance of parasite load in the killing of Plasmodium vinckei in mice treated with Corynebacterium parvum or alloxan monohydrate. AB - Mice pre-treated with Corynebacterium parvum and later challenged with Plasmodium vinckei become infected but do not die whereas control mice do. When pre-treated mice were challenged with 1, 10, 1 X 10(2), 1 X 10(4), 1 X 10(5) or 1 X 10(6) parasites, the pre-patent periods correlated directly with the number of parasites injected, but the subsequent parasitaemias reached similar levels. This suggests that parasite killing, resulting from pre-treatment with C. parvum, is not triggered until the parasite load has reached a particular threshold. The injection of alloxan monohydrate, which brings about the release of toxic oxygen intermediates thought to be involved in non-specific immunity, has little effect on P. vinckei infections until the parasitaemia is relatively high. This indicates that oxygen-mediated parasite killing also does not occur until the parasitaemia has reached a particular threshold. It is suggested that it is only at relatively high parasitaemias that the factors involved in parasite killing are able to enter the infected red blood cells. PMID- 6514378 TI - Comparison of protein composition between schistosomula of Schistosoma japonicum and S. mansoni. AB - SDS-PAGE analysis revealed that the protein composition of mechanically transformed schistosomula (ms) of a Japanese strain of Schistosoma japonicum was essentially similar to that of a Philippine strain of S. japonicum. However, the protein components of S. mansoni ms were remarkably different from those of S. japonicum. Specific proteins of Mr 60-65 and 30 kDa were found in ms of S. japonicum and S. mansoni, respectively. In skin-penetrated schistosomula (ss) of the two species, a common protein of 67 kDa was detected. Using two-dimensional electrophoresis, strain-specific polypeptides (9 in a Japanese and 11 in a Philippine strain) were identified in ms of S. japonicum. Mechanically transformed and skin-penetrated schistosomula of S. japonicum (Japanese) had, respectively, 7 and 10 specific proteins. Four and 1 specific polypeptides were also detected in two-dimensional profiles of ms and ss of S. mansoni, respectively. PMID- 6514379 TI - Passive transfer of resistance and the site of immune-dependent elimination of the challenge infection in rats vaccinated with highly irradiated cercariae of Schistosoma mansoni. AB - The immune-dependent elimination of a challenge infection in rats vaccinated with highly-irradiated cercariae of Schistosoma mansoni was analysed by passive transfer of serum, recovery of the challenge from the lungs and liver and by transferring lung-stage schistosomula. Recipients of serum from rats immunized with either unirradiated, 20 or 40 krad.-irradiated cercariae, most of which die in the liver, lungs and skin, respectively, were equally resistant if the serum was injected on the day of infection or 5-7 days after infection. In addition, vaccinated rat serum transferred to mice and vaccinated rabbit serum transferred to rats conferred comparable protection when injected on day 0 or 5 days after infection of the recipients. This apparent susceptibility of the lung schistosomula to immune attack was confirmed by challenging 20 or 40 krad. irradiated cercariae vaccinated rats with lung-stage schistosomula derived either from mice or rats. All the detectable attrition of a cercarial challenge in vaccinated rats occurred between 7 and 10 days post-challenge, before the parasites reached the liver. Since there was no evidence of damage or attrition in the skin or lungs before day 7 it was concluded that immune-dependent elimination occurred rapidly following a 'window of sensitivity' coinciding with the migration of the parasites from the lungs to the liver. PMID- 6514380 TI - The formation of surface membrane vesicles from schistosomula of Schistosoma mansoni. AB - Intact surface membrane vesicles were obtained and purified from the schistosomula of Schistosoma mansoni. The method of preparation of the vesicles involved treating the schistosomula in a buffered high salt medium for 1 h at 4 degrees C (Step 1), and then for 1 h at 25-37 degrees C (Step 2). Vesicles were formed from mechanically- and skin-transformed schistosomula, and their size and number depended on the temperature of Step 2. The majority of the vesicles expressed surface membrane concanavalin A receptors and parasite antigens on their outermost surfaces. When incubated with sensitized peripheral blood mononuclear cell preparations from humans exposed to schistosomal preparations, the vesicles stimulated lymphocyte transformation as effectively as soluble egg and adult worm antigens. Although both preparations contained identical proteins, small vesicles were less effective than large vesicles in stimulating lymphocyte transformation. Hence, vesicles prepared under a variety of conditions might be used to study those factors which influence the presentation of membrane-bound surface antigens to the immune system of the host. PMID- 6514381 TI - An ultrastructural analysis of cyst wall development in the metacestode of Hymenolepis diminuta (Cestoda). AB - A series of development stages (I-XI) have been devised to describe the development of the cyst wall of the metacestode of Hymenolepis diminuta. The cyst wall possesses tegumentary, muscular, fibrous and inner cyst tissues, the developmental rates and differentiation patterns of which are not identical. The tegumentary tissue differentiates posteriorly. Its microvillus-bearing distal cytoplasm remains simple until scolex retraction, after which rapid increase in depth followed by vacuolation occurs and basal membrane infoldings surround Phase 3 fibrogenesis fibrils. Senescence, which also affects the tegumentary cytons, then ensues. The muscle system development is posteriad and maturation, completed before scolex retraction, is followed by myocyton senescence. Posteriorly differentiated fibroblasts commence Phase 1 fibrogenesis after scolex retraction and the primary fibrous zone is fully established within approximately 6 days. Phase 2 and 3 fibrogenesis develop centrifugally, the fibrils of Phase 2 surrounding the tegumentary cytons and myocytons prior to their senescence, and those of Phase 3 lying more peripherally. The inner cyst tissue, established posteriorly, differentiates anteriorly, centripetally and early, the penultimate stage commencing just before scolex retraction, about 6 days after which the final maturation junctional complexes start development. Neither in vitro excystment nor infectivity of the definitive host can be satisfactorily achieved before the initial development of the primary fibrous zone. This may play a skeletal role during excystment, and is shown to be unaffected by the digestive enzymes which cause loss of cytoplasmic integrity in the outer regions of the cyst. PMID- 6514382 TI - Running responses of Trichinella spiralis-infected CD-1 mice. AB - Male CD-1 mice inoculated by gavage with 400 larvae of Trichinella spiralis exhibited an increased latency of the wall-seeking response as well as a decline in running speed and the distance travelled to the first stop when compared with normal controls or animals inoculated with only 100 larvae. Doses of 200 larvae of this parasite affected running speed and distance travelled but not the advent of the running response. Such changes in behaviour may reduce the competitive fitness of the host and render it more susceptible to predation. PMID- 6514383 TI - Studies on the pathophysiology of chronic ovine haemonchosis in Merino and Scottish blackface lambs. AB - An experiment was conducted to examine, under laboratory conditions, the pathophysiology of chronic ovine haemonchosis. In the present study, groups of Merino and Scottish Blackface lambs were maintained on a low plane of nutrition and infected with 50 Haemonchus contortus larvae/kg live weight. The parasitized lambs along with respective breed controls were examined over a 27-week period. In addition to the body weight, haematological and parasitological parameters, erythrokinetic, metabolic, digestibility and nitrogen balance studies were conducted in the early stages of the infection. The results demonstrated that a low level of infection with H. contortus in lambs on a poor plane of nutrition caused the development of a normochromic normocytic anaemia which was associated with a modest but significant increase in abomasal blood loss and slightly elevated erythropoiesis in both breeds relative to the controls. The level of anaemia, hypoproteinaemia and pathophysiological changes were more marked in the Merino lambs and they also had higher faecal egg counts than the Blackface lambs. PMID- 6514384 TI - Inhibited development of Ostertagia ostertagi in Australia related to survival over summer in the host or on pasture. AB - During autumn and winter, separate pasture plots were seeded with Ostertagia ostertagi eggs produced by worms which had persisted in the host over summer as inhibited larvae, or which had developed directly from larvae acquired from pasture in late summer. Successive groups of parasite-free calves grazed the plots in spring for 14 days at 4-week intervals and were killed for worm counts 14 days after removal from pasture. The proportion of inhibited early 4th-stage larvae was substantially greater in calves which grazed the plot carrying the progeny of previously inhibited worms. This finding is more easily reconciled with differential survival on pasture over spring and summer of inhibiting and non-inhibiting morphs, than with the concept of a physiological switch from inhibiting to non-inhibiting behaviour in individual larvae. PMID- 6514385 TI - [Rhino- and oropharyngeal carriage of Haemophilus sp. in children]. AB - The occurence of Haemophilus sp. and other potential pathogens: Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes and Neisseria meningitidis has been investigated in 79 children from rhino and oropharyngeal material. H. parainfluenzae is only isolated from the oropharynx. H. influenzae and S. pneumoniae may be isolated from the rhinopharynx but are associated to signs of infection in the upper respiratory tract. The capsule of H. Influenzae represents a colonization factor of the rhinopharynx from an oropharyngeal carriage. 6.1% of H. influenzae and 28% of H. parainfluenzae isolates were found resistant to penicillin by production of betalactamase. PMID- 6514387 TI - [Vascular subendothelium and thrombogenicity of the vessel]. PMID- 6514386 TI - Binding capacity of sera from systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) to C3c. Evaluation by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). AB - Immunoconglutinins (IKs) are autoantibodies directed against antigenic determinants on C3 complement component. An ELISA was performed to detect IKs in sera from 50 RA patients, 50 SLE patients and 50 normal subjects. Comparison showed significantly higher levels in patients than in normal subjects (p less than 0.001) and higher IKs levels in RA than in SLE (p less than 0.001). IKs were not related to others biological tests, except a statistically significant inverse correlation between IKs and circulating immune complexes levels detected by conglutinin binding assay in RA. PMID- 6514389 TI - Etiology and pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. PMID- 6514388 TI - Histoenzymological features of epithelial cells in epidermoid carcinomas of oral mucosa and in ameloblastomas of jaws. AB - An histoenzymological study comprising oxidative enzymes, diaphorases, acid and alkaline phosphatases, naphtolesterases, referred to 60 biopsy and operation specimens. It showed interesting arguments for diagnosis and understanding of precancerous and cancerous lesions of the oral mucosa and also of ameloblastomas of jaws. The enzymatic activities of precancerous and cancerous oral lesions were compared with those of normal buccal mucosa and epidermis, benign hyperkeratosis (activities similar to those of the epidermis) and lichen planus. In severe dysplasia and epidermoid carcinoma, numerous variations of oxidative, esterase and acid phosphatase activities were seen from one cell to another. But this pattern was non conclusive for the diagnosis, a similar one being found in inflammatory lesions and especially in the lichen planus. In lobules of invasive carcinoma, the strong enzymological activities (particularly acid phosphatases, naphtolesterases) were correlated with a high degree of differentiation of the tumor and these enzymatic methods offered an interesting contribution for the fine evaluation of histoprognosis in malignant epithelial tumors. Among the lesions of jaws, radicular and dentigerous cysts had low enzymatic activities similar to those of normal buccal epithelium. The epidermoid cysts (keratocysts), because of their highly differentiated keratinization, like benign hyperkeratosis, had the same enzymatic activities as epidermis. Peculiar were the enzymatic activities of common ameloblastoma; they differed from those of other lesions of squamous tissues (low oxidative activities without decreasing gradient). Besides, round epithelial clumps, the stroma showed a high and widespread alkaline phosphatase activity. Thus, this peculiar stromal activity may be useful to differentiate ameloblastoma from the other epidermoid cysts of the jaws. In the other hand, such a constatation suggests a low degree of odontogenic induction. PMID- 6514390 TI - Routine culturing for Clostridium difficile? AB - In order to determine whether routine culturing for Clostridium difficile was warranted or whether culturing a selected group of patients was adequate, we conducted a prospective trial of culturing all stool specimens for C. difficile. A total of 408 specimens from 297 patients was studied. Two hundred and eighteen stool specimens from 169 patients were selected on the basis of fulfilling one or more of the following criteria; (i) the stools were loose or watery; (ii) leukocytes and/or red cells were seen on direct microscopic examination; (iii) there was a history of antibiotic therapy; (iv) there was a diagnosis or history of inflammatory bowel disease. Fifty-three stools from 33 (19.5%) of these patients either yielded C. difficile by culture or had C. difficile cytotoxin demonstrable in fecal extracts. C. difficile was cultured in only one of 190 stools from the remaining 128 patients. Hence routine culturing of all stool specimens does not appear warranted provided that an accurate clinical history can be obtained and a careful macroscopic and microscopic examination is carried out. PMID- 6514391 TI - Phagocytosis of virulent and avirulent leptospires by guinea-pig and human polymorphonuclear leukocytes in vitro. AB - Chemiluminescence (CL) and electron microscopy were used to study the phagocytosis of both virulent and avirulent strains of Leptospira interrogans serovar copenhageni by guinea-pig and human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN). A significant CL response was observed when guinea-pig PMN were incubated with virulent leptospires in the presence but not in the absence of specific immune serum. This response was markedly enhanced by the addition of guinea-pig complement. Phagocytosis was confirmed by the observation of intracellular leptospires in guinea-pig PMN by electron microscopy. The phagocytosis of avirulent leptospires by guinea-pig PMN and of both virulent and avirulent leptospires by human PMN required the presence of both specific immune serum and complement. Thus the ability of leptospires to resist phagocytosis by PMN in the absence of immune serum does not appear to be a major determinant of virulence. PMID- 6514392 TI - Multiple antibiotic resistance in Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis: plasmids in strains associated with nosocomial infection. AB - The plasmid DNA profiles were compared to phenotypically-similar, antibiotic resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis associated with nosocomial infections in a Melbourne hospital. Whereas resistance to gentamicin, tobramycin and kanamycin was encoded by one of 3 plasmids [pSK1, 18 megadalton (Md); pSK4, 22 Md; pSK9, 17 Md] in S. aureus, no similar plasmids were detected in S. epidermidis. Mediated exclusively by the chromosome in S. aureus, tetracycline resistance was encoded either by the chromosome or by a 2.8 Md plasmid in strains of S. epidermidis. The inability to detect common resistance plasmids in strains of S. aureus and S. epidermidis recovered from this outbreak is in contrast to recent observations with staphylococci from other geographic areas; nevertheless, on the basis of restriction endonuclease analyses of 3 Md chloramphenicol resistance plasmids, it is suggested that a common gene pool does exist within isolates of S. aureus and S. epidermidis from Melbourne hospitals. PMID- 6514393 TI - Skin ulcers caused by Mycobacterium ulcerans in koalas near Bairnsdale, Australia. AB - Skin ulcers were found in 7 koalas from Raymond Island in the Gippsland Lakes of southeastern Australia. Ulcers in 4 koalas showed loss and underrunning of cutaneous tissue, with coagulative necrosis of subcutaneous tissue. These lesions contained large numbers of acid-fast bacilli, and areas of granulation tissue formation and superficial inflammation were present. Mycobacterium ulcerans was isolated from 2 of these animals. The ulcers from the other 3 koalas contained both M. ulcerans and M. scrofulaceum, and in these the necrotic tissue was surrounded by a granulomatous reaction which, in one case, extended into bone. Four of the koalas had more than one ulcer. The possible origin of the infections is discussed. PMID- 6514394 TI - Speaking personally: mechanisms of liver injury. PMID- 6514395 TI - Pattern of renal cortical scarring after experimental papillary necrosis. AB - Three types of renal cortical damage were found in rats 2 mth after papillary necrosis had been induced by ethylenimine: (1) Circumscribed areas of interstitial nephritis affecting either deep or superficial nephrons. (2) Wedge shaped or conical scars, extending from capsule to inner medulla. (3) Widespread tubular dilatation and cyst formation with a diffuse increase in interstitial tissue, usually associated with dense fibrous repair of the papillary remnant. The extent and character of the cortical changes did not appear to be determined by the severity of the papillary necrosis, and even the more severe cortical lesions were not accompanied by any major reduction in kidney size. Although these chronic experimental cortical lesions are the products of a less complex and less protracted natural history than end stage cortical damage in analgesic nephropathy, some of the factors influencing their evolution, such as infection, may also determine the natural history of the clinical lesion. PMID- 6514396 TI - Chronic renal lesions in the uninephrectomized Gunn rat after analgesic mixtures. AB - Chronic cortical and medullary damage have been produced in uninephrectomized homozygous Gunn rats by single doses of the analgesics aspirin, paracetamol and phenazone, and by analgesic mixtures. The lesions are more severe than those of other experimental models of analgesic nephropathy, and the appearances of the cortical lesions suggest that they are ultimately due to the effects of papillary necrosis rather than to acute tubular necrosis observed in acute experiments with this model. The presence of an acute inflammatory reaction in both cortex and medulla in a number of animals one month after administration of analgesics indicates the possibility that the observed chronic renal damage may result from the intervention of additional complicating factors rather than from a single direct effect of analgesics. PMID- 6514397 TI - Humoral immunity in experimental immune carditis. AB - An experimental model of carditis has been produced in the rhesus monkey by giving 12 weekly injections of a streptococcal membrane antigen. There was histological evidence of focal myocarditis, subendocardial infiltration with lymphomononuclear cells and in one animal myocardial granuloma formation. No valvular lesions were seen. Humoral immune responses monitored throughout the experiment showed that anti-heart antibodies appeared in circulation after the 2nd injection, attained maximal titres by the 6th injection, and thereafter the titres declined. The anti-membrane antibodies appeared slightly later and these titres kept rising till sacrifice. By the 6th injection there was evidence of complement consumption and appearance of circulating immune complexes. It is concluded that these immunological responses might have a role to play in the pathogenesis of carditis. PMID- 6514398 TI - Flow cytometric analysis of cellular DNA content as an adjunct to the diagnosis of ovarian tumours of borderline malignancy. AB - Flow cytometric analysis of cellular DNA content was performed on tissue from 44 borderline ovarian tumours (tumours of low malignant potential). Forty-two tumours (95%) were diploid and associated with both an indolent biological behaviour and good prognosis. Aneuploidy was identified in only 2 tumours (5%), and one of the associated patients died of progressive disease within months of the initial diagnosis. Careful review of the histopathology of these 2 aneuploid tumours revealed areas of invasion in the omental and peritoneal "implants" of each. This study has reinforced the currently advocated separation of so-called borderline tumours from invasive ovarian carcinomas and the interpretation of the pathological criteria used to categorize such neoplasms. Our results indicate that flow cytometric analysis of cellular DNA content may complement conventional histopathological diagnosis by providing an objective parameter which correlates with biological behaviour and may identify the few genuine borderline ovarian epithelial neoplasms which show clinical progression. PMID- 6514399 TI - Intra-epithelial changes in childhood nevi simulating malignant melanoma. AB - Upward epidermal spread by tumour cells is one of the features looked for in the diagnosis of malignant melanoma. Unusual changes--resembling invasion and destruction of the epidermis--in a nevus from a 5 yr-old boy largely contributed to an erroneous diagnosis of malignant melanoma from 2 of 4 expert dermatopathologists. A subsequent prospective 5 yr survey of benign melanocytic lesions at a pediatric hospital showed 14 of over 200 nevi with prominent upward intraepidermal nevus cell migration. "Invasion" appears to be at the extreme end of a spectrum of upward spread in childhood nevi and is probably seen only in children. PMID- 6514401 TI - Benign spindle cell tumour of breast--a variant of spindled cell lipoma or fibroma of breast? AB - A case of the so-called "benign spindle cell tumour of breast" is presented. Ultrastructurally, it is composed of fibroblastic cells cut in various planes. We believe that it is basically a fibroma. Its relationship to spindle cell lipoma is discussed. PMID- 6514400 TI - The fetal adrenal gland: definitive cortex cystic change, lipid patterns, and their relationship to fetal disease and maturity. AB - A study of 103 fetal adrenals obtained from stillborn fetuses and those dying in the neonatal period was performed to assess the significance of definitive cortex cystic change, compact cell change and lipid patterns, and their relationship to other pathological processes. The findings confirm that these changes are more common in intrauterine infection and antepartum hemorrhage and are to a lesser extent complications of prematurity. They also correlate with gestational age. It is proposed that the changes seen are due to the gland being immature. PMID- 6514402 TI - Minocycline hydrochloride and thyroid pigmentation. A case report with histological and ultrastructural study. AB - A 20 yr-old male, with a long history of severe acne vulgaris treated with minocycline hydrochloride, died as a result of a motor bike accident. An incidental finding at postmortem was black pigmentation of the thyroid, which was evident histologically as brown-black granules within the cytoplasm of thyroid follicular cells. Ultrastructural examination showed cytoplasmic bodies, of the same type as seen in normal thyroids. Previous cases were reviewed, and the possibility that the pigment is related to lipofuscin discussed. PMID- 6514403 TI - Inflammatory aneurysm of the abdominal aorta. Report of a case and review of the literature. AB - A case of "inflammatory" aneurysm of the abdominal aorta with bilateral ureteric obstruction is presented. This type of aneurysm is characterized by a thick fibrous wall and perianeurysmal fibrosis. PMID- 6514404 TI - [Potential use of rats resistant to blood loss for studying the mechanisms of energy metabolism maintenance during prolonged deep hypotension]. PMID- 6514405 TI - [Effect of antioxidants on the change in the lipid composition of the liver lysosomes in rats following a thermal burn]. PMID- 6514406 TI - [Assessment of the functional reserve of the left ventricle and myocardial energetics in mitral stenosis patients]. PMID- 6514407 TI - [Changes in the central hemodynamic indices during ventricular tachycardia]. PMID- 6514408 TI - [Effect of ischemia on the coupling of excitation and contraction processes in the papillary muscle of the rat]. PMID- 6514409 TI - [Use of heat and cold for regulating the blood flow and maintaining the hemostasis of the internal organs]. PMID- 6514410 TI - [Nature of the changes of electrical activity in the cerebral cortex and stem structures in gastric and duodenal peptic ulcer]. PMID- 6514411 TI - [Changes in vicarious gastric function in relation to urea and electrolyte excretion in rats in the early stages of development of chronic kidney failure]. PMID- 6514412 TI - [Morphological composition of the blood, the coagulating system and fibrinolysis in rats in the late period after thymectomy]. PMID- 6514413 TI - [Lymphogenic resorption of microbes and the stimulation of lymph circulation in peritonitis]. PMID- 6514414 TI - [Method of determining the blood flow in gastric mucosa]. PMID- 6514415 TI - [Simple gravimetric method for determining the size of the myocardial infarct zone]. PMID- 6514416 TI - [Method of studying the viability and motility of the hollow organs without surgical intervention]. PMID- 6514417 TI - [Early cancer of the gallbladder and coexistent changes in the mucosa]. PMID- 6514418 TI - [Retrospective analysis of cancer of the gallbladder in surgical specimens of the Institute of Pathology, Medical Academy, in Cracow 1956-1982]. PMID- 6514419 TI - [Effect of long-term administration of Angravid on the morphological and ultrastructural picture of rat livers]. PMID- 6514420 TI - [Malignant neoplasms of the pancreas in autopsy specimens from the Institute of Pathological Anatomy, Medical Academy, in Bialystok 1966-1980]. PMID- 6514421 TI - [Intrascrotal neoplasms in specimens from the Institute of Pathology, Medical Academy, in Cracow. Age structure of the patient population]. PMID- 6514422 TI - [Morphological picture of the testes in cases of epididymitis]. PMID- 6514423 TI - Investigation of sweat production in the isolated rat eccrine sweat gland. PMID- 6514424 TI - [Proposed outline of the most likely pathogenetic patterns in mesotheliomas, especially of the pleura]. PMID- 6514425 TI - [Histochemical study of the O-acetylated variant of sialomucin in adenocarcinoma of the rectocolon and in lymph node metastases]. PMID- 6514426 TI - [Occult carcinoma of the thyroid gland. Study of 202 consecutive autopsies]. PMID- 6514427 TI - [Condylomata acuminata of the external urethral meatus in childhood. Correlation between the microscopic aspects and age]. PMID- 6514428 TI - [A case of Candida infection with severe cerebral, endocardial and renal involvement]. PMID- 6514429 TI - [Occult carcinoma of the fallopian tube with peritoneal carcinosis. A case report]. PMID- 6514430 TI - Anorexia nervosa: what kind of disorder? The "consensus" model, myths, and clinical implications. PMID- 6514431 TI - Pediatric assessment of non-organic failure to thrive. PMID- 6514432 TI - Treatment of anorexia nervosa in a pediatric program. PMID- 6514433 TI - IgG and IgM pneumococcal polysaccharide antibody responses in infants. AB - The ontogeny of human antibody responses to pneumococcal polysaccharide antigens was studied by determining whether the age at immunization affects the level and/or immunoglobulin isotype of antibody produced. Twenty-nine healthy infants between 2 and 18 months of age and 13 normal adults were studied. Responses were found to vary markedly with the age at the time of immunization and with the pneumococcal serotype tested. Three general patterns of isotype-specific antibody response were observed in the infants: a high response in IgG antibody occurred as early as 2 months of age following immunization with type 3 pneumococcal polysaccharide; little or no response was noted in either IgG or IgM antibody with types 6, 18, and 19; and intermediate responses with IgM antibody increases greater than IgG increases were found for type 23. These data suggest that different factors control the immunologic response of infants to various pneumococcal polysaccharide serotypes following immunization at various ages. PMID- 6514434 TI - Maternal smoking increases xenobiotic metabolism in placenta but not umbilical vein endothelium. AB - It is unclear whether placental xenobiotic metabolism can protect the human conceptus. In particular, the role of placental metabolism of toxic components of cigarette smoke such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) is poorly understood. We hypothesized that increased aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH) activity observed in placentas from smokers might help clear PAHs from maternal circulation and thereby prevent transplacental induction of AHH by PAHs. Our studies of AHH activity in human placentas and umbilical vein endothelium support this premise. While AHH activity was significantly increased in placentas from smokers compared with activity in placentas from nonsmokers, AHH activity in umbilical vein endothelium from these same pregnancies was unaffected by maternal smoking and remained low. In order to confirm that AHH present in endothelium was inducible, we also demonstrated dose-dependent increases in AHH activity in primary cultures of human umbilical vein endothelial cells exposed to PAHs. These findings may indicate first pass protection of the fetus by placental xenobiotic metabolism, or that endogenous factors suppress AHH induction in the fetus but not placenta. PMID- 6514435 TI - Anticholeraic effect of methylated casein in rat jejunum. AB - To explore the antisecretory effect of methylated casein (MC) cholera toxin was placed in isolated jejunal loops, and in vivo water fluxes were measured 3 h later in the presence or absence of MC. Secretion was observed in the loops filled with Ringer's solution only, but net absorption was observed in all 10 loops to which MC was added. Its actions was evident within 20 min, and was exerted directly on the luminal side of the epithelium. This response was dose dependent and the antisecretory effect vanished after boiling MC and after ultrafiltration. In vitro, the antisecretory effect of MC consisted of reversing net Na and Cl fluxes from secretion to absorption (delta JNanet = 6.18 +/- 1.25 and delta JClnet = 5.10 +/- 1.66 microEq . h-1 . cm-2). This change was due to the enhancement of mucosal to serosal flux. Transepithelial potential difference and tissue conductance did not alter. Interestingly, MC did not interfere with intestinal function in the absence of stimulation by cholera toxin. In the presence of cholera toxin, MC and glucose both stimulated ionic absorption by different mechanisms, MC stimulating neutral NaCl absorption, and glucose stimulating electrogenic Na absorption. MC did not alter basal adenylate cyclase activity but it inhibited the cholera toxin-stimulated increase in activity. The present results indicate that methylated casein inhibits water and electrolyte secretion induced by cholera toxin in rat jejunum. Its availability, low cost, and curative effect from the luminal side constitute compelling indications for further investigation. PMID- 6514436 TI - Perinatal changes in a digoxin-like immunoreactive substance. AB - An endogenous digoxin-like immunoreactive substance(s) (DLIS) exists in the serum of premature and full term infants not receiving digoxin. We followed serum changes in DLIS concentration sequentially over the first 14 postnatal days in 24 premature neonates who did not receive digoxin in the intensive care nursery. All infants had measurable levels (greater than 0.6 ng/ml) of DLIS in their serum. There was a distinct peak in DLIS concentration in 19 of 24 infants occurring at 4 +/- 1.6 (SD) days after birth (range, 1-8 days). No peak was found in five infants. The peak serum level of DLIS obtained in the first 8 days of life was negatively correlated with gestational age and birth weight. DLIS levels in amniotic fluid remained constant from 16 to 33 weeks of gestation but rose from 33 wk to term. DLIS concentrations in umbilical artery, umbilical vein, and maternal serum at normal full term delivery suggested that DLIS was of fetal origin. DLIS and digoxin concentrations are additive when present in the same serum sample if measured by standard radioimmunoassay methods. PMID- 6514437 TI - Ventricular dysrhythmias after congenital heart surgery: a canine model. AB - To examine the possible mechanisms of ventricular dysrhythmias in the presence of right ventricular hypertension and following ventriculotomy, we instrumented 6 month-old puppies. There were four groups: 1) six animals served as controls (instrumentation only); 2) six animals underwent ventriculotomy only; 3) six animals underwent pulmonary artery banding with a pneumatic vessel occluder to produce right ventricular hypertension; 4) six animals had both ventriculotomy and right ventricular hypertension. Each week for 8 wk, 24-h electrocardiograms and electrophysiologic studies were performed with the animals awake and unsedated. We attempted to induce ventricular dysrhythmias with premature extrastimuli, rapid pacing, isoproterenol, and vagal stimulation. The following "chronic" data were obtained in week 8 (p value for overall analysis of variance; values are mean +/- SD): heart rate - 126 +/- 16 beats/min (no significant difference between groups; all animals); right ventricular systolic pressure: control 26 +/- 6 mm Hg, ventriculotomy 30 +/- 3, right ventricular hypertension 65 +/- 5, ventriculotomy and right ventricular hypertension 75 +/- 18 (p less than 0.001); right ventricular end diastolic: control 4 +/- 1 mm Hg, ventriculotomy 4 +/- 3, right ventricular hypertension 11 +/- 5, ventriculotomy and right ventricular hypertension 16 +/- 7 (p less than 0.001); QRS duration: control 22 +/- 5 ms, ventriculotomy 33 +/- 7, right ventricular hypertension 44 +/- 6, ventriculotomy and right ventricular hypertension 49 +/- 4 (p less than 0.01); right ventricular apex-base interval with ventricular pacing: control 20 +/- 3 ms, ventriculotomy 34 +/- 9, right ventricular hypertension 30 +/- 5, ventriculotomy and right ventricular hypertension 31 +/- 6 (p less than 0.01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6514438 TI - Atropine prevents increases in brain blood flow during hypertension in newborn piglets. AB - Cerebral hyperperfusion associated with hypertension, may play an important role in the pathogenesis of intraventricular hemorrhage in preterm infants. To examine the effect of hypertension on changes in total and regional brain blood flow (BBF), we increased the mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) in nine awake newborn piglets by an infusion of 0.7 mg/kg of metaraminol bitartrate (Aramine) (group I) and studied cerebral circulatory changes. In order to prevent the Aramine associated bradycardia, we pretreated nine other piglets with atropine, which produced a higher level of hypertension (group II). MABP and BBF were measured and cerebral vascular resistance (CVR) was calculated during baseline, the Aramine infusion, and twice at decreasing MABP following the discontinuation of the Aramine infusion. In group I, the significant increase in MABP from 68 +/- 3 to 100 +/- 3 mm Hg (mean +/- SEM) during the Aramine infusion resulted in a significant increase in BBF (98 +/- 9 to 118 +/- 11 ml X min-1 X 100 g-1). MABP decreased significantly (although remained significantly above baseline levels), when Aramine was discontinued; however, total BBF remained elevated. CVR increased during the Aramine infusion, but decreased significant (versus the Aramine-infused state) in the post-Aramine period. Regional BBF increased significantly to the cerebrum and cerebellar cortex, but remained unchanged to the other regions including the brain stem. In group II, the Aramine infusion resulted in a significantly greater increase in MABP, a sustained increase in vascular resistance, and no increase in total BBF. Thus, atropine prevents increased BBF during hypertension in the newborn piglet. PMID- 6514439 TI - Muscarinic cholinergic receptors in developing rat lung. AB - Muscarinic cholinergic receptors were identified and partially characterized in crude membrane fractions of rat lung and trachea from day 17 of gestation to adulthood using (-)-[3H]quinuclidinyl benzilate (QNB). (-)-[3H]QNB binding to rat lung membrane was characteristic of muscarinic cholinergic receptor sites. Binding capacity of muscarinic receptors sites was relatively low in rat lung compared to that in other tissues. The number of (-)-[3H]QNB-binding sites (binding capacity) decreased progressively and significantly from 79 +/- 8 fmol X mg-1 protein on days 17-18 of gestation to 21 +/- 3 fmol X mg-1 mean +/- SEM on days 21-22 of gestation, p less than 0.01. Binding capacity did not vary thereafter from birth to adulthood. Affinity of (-)-[3H]QNB binding for lung membranes did not change with age (KD approximately 70 pM). (-)-[3H] QNB-binding sites were significantly higher in membrane preparations of trachea or tracheal bronchial tissue than in lung parenchyma from both the adult and newborn rats. ( )-[3H]QNB binding was undetectable in crude membrane preparations of cultured purified type II epithelial cells isolated from the adult rat lung. Muscarinic cholinergic receptor sites are present in rat lung as early as day 17 of gestation. Since preparations of proximal portions of the lung are relatively enriched in (-)-[3H]QNB binding compared to more peripheral portions of the lung, ontogenic decreases in (-)-[3H]QNB binding may result from the higher contribution of tracheal-bronchial tissue compared to alveolar tissue in the preparations of early fetal lung, rather than to a specific regulation of muscarinic receptor sites. PMID- 6514440 TI - Lung distensibility and airway function in asthmatic children. AB - Lung distensibility and airway mechanics were evaluated in 24 asthmatic children and adolescents, ages between 7 and 21 years, by quasi-static pressure-volume curves and by the static recoil-lung conductance relationship. The measurements were obtained by the step-wise inflation technique and the pressure-volume curves were analyzed by a new sigmoid exponential curve-fitting model of the form: VL = Vm + [VM/(1 + be-K . PstL)], where VL is lung volume, PstL is static recoil pressure, VM and Vm are the upper and lower asymptotes, and K and b are shape constants. The shape constant K serves as index for lung distensibility, whereas the slope of theta of the static recoil-lung conductance plot represents the flow resistive behavior of the airways. The combined evaluation of these two parameters (K and theta) shows that some asthmatic children have a very high lung distensibility and normal airway function, whereas others have nearly normal lung elasticity but grossly reduced airway distensibility. Sigmoid exponential analysis of static pressure-volume curves and an evaluation of the static recoil lung conductance relationship in asthmatic children enable a distinction of these two types of functional derangements. Increased pulmonary distensibility consistent with an increase of alveolar air space seems to indicate an involvement of tissue elements. In contrast, decreased airway distensibility indicates a defect in the conducting airways. Sympathomimetics not only have a positive effect on airway mechanics, but seem to increase lung distensibility both in patients with hyperinflation and to an even greater degree in patients whose lungs are already too compliant. PMID- 6514441 TI - Calculation of lung volume in newborn infants by means of a computer-assisted nitrogen washout method. AB - A clinically adapted method for the calculation of the functional residual capacity in newborn infants has been developed. The method is based on a multiple breath nitrogen washout test, during which the ventilatory air flow and the nitrogen concentration signals are sampled by a minicomputer, which also performs the calculations. The ventilatory air flow is measured by a pneumotachometer connected to a face-out volume displacement body plethysmograph, and the nitrogen concentration by a nitrogen analyzer. The functional residual capacity volume is calculated from the sampled signals by adding the expired nitrogen volumes during each expiration, and finally dividing this sum by the initial alveolar nitrogen concentration. Before the calculations, the sampled signals are adjusted regarding nitrogen analyzer delay and plethysmograph characteristics. The method presented is designed to minimize the test equipment influence on the baby's respiration and also to inhibit the necessity of pneumotachometer compensations normally connected with washout methods. Furthermore, the calculated breath-by breath values of end-expiratory nitrogen concentration, nitrogen volume, inspired and expired tidal volume, are stored on disk for further analysis and resimulation of the test. The method has been tested on a mechanical lung model and on washouts from healthy newborn infants. The model tests indicate that the accuracy and the reproducibility of the method are good, and the results from the infants are in good agreement with previously obtained results. PMID- 6514442 TI - Ontogeny of protection of neonatal mice from lethal herpes simplex virus infection by human leukocytes, antiviral antibody, and recombinant alpha interferon. AB - We have studied the peripheral blood leukocytes from human infants in an assay involving the protection of neonatal mice from herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection by human antibody, interferon, and leukocytes. Recombinant DNA alpha interferon (IFLrA), antibody, and Ficoll-Hypaque-purified mononuclear cells (MC) from human adults administered intraperitoneally protected neonatal mice from a lethal HSV challenge 1 day later (73.6% survival). MC obtained from human infants less than 130 days old in combination with IFLrA and antibody afforded no protection (15.2% survival; p less than 0.0005 compared to survival with adults' MC). MC from infants over 130 days protected the neonatal mice [60% survival; not significantly different from survival using adult cells, but significantly (p less than 0.0005) different than survival using MC from younger infants]. The ontogeny of MC protection parallels the clinical development of resistance of infants to HSV infection. PMID- 6514443 TI - Uterine arterial and venous concentrations of glucose, lactate, ketones, free fatty acids, and oxygen in the awake pregnant guinea pig. AB - The concentration differences across the pregnant uterus of glucose, lactate, ketoacids, free fatty acids (FFA), and oxygen were determined in 21 chronically catheterized guinea pigs. Polyvinyl catheters were inserted into one of the ovarian veins and the right carotid artery around the 50th day of pregnancy. Postoperative recovery of maternal substrate concentrations in this preparation was evaluated in five animals. Elevated hemoglobin and ketoacid concentrations persisted up to the 4th day after surgery in the awake animal. In 16 animals between 54 and 62 days gestation, arterial and venous blood samples were collected between the 4th and 13th postoperative days. Arteriovenous substrate differences across the pregnant uterus (means +/- SD) were as follows: glucose, 0.87 +/- 0.22 mM; lactate, 0.31 +/- 0.11 mM; and oxygen 4.77 +/- 0.58 mM. There was no significant difference for ketoacids. In 10 animals, plasma FFA concentrations were determined. In nine animals, the arterial concentration was higher suggesting a net uptake of FFA by the pregnant uterus. Lactate production by the uterus accounted for approximately 18% of uterine glucose uptake if glucose is assumed to be the only source of uterine lactate production. The mean glucose/oxygen quotient across the uterus corrected for lactate output was 0.92 +/- 0.34. It is concluded that glucose is a major metabolic substrate for the near-term uterus in the pregnant guinea pig and can account for most of the uterine oxygen consumption. PMID- 6514444 TI - Elevated ratios of type I/III collagen in the lungs of chronically ventilated neonates with respiratory distress. AB - Increased synthesis of type I collagen, leading to increased ratios of type I to type III collagen in the lungs, has been observed in the lungs of animals with experimental pulmonary fibrosis. Similar changes in collagen type ratios have been observed in lungs of humans dying of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and of adult respiratory distress syndrome. In this study, lung collagen type ratios were examined in infants with acute and chronic lung disease. Tissue from the right lower lobes of neonates was obtained post mortem. Specific collagen types were quantitated by solubilization of lung collagen with CNBr and fractionation of the resulting mixture of peptides by column chromatography and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Ratios of type I/III collagen were calculated for each lung sample using two independent pairs of marker peptides for these determinations. In some cases the ratio of type V to type III collagen in these same lung samples was also quantitated. We observed a significant increase in the ratio of type I/III collagen in infants with a premortem diagnosis of chronic lung disease, usually preceded by respiratory distress syndrome. We also observed two infants with large changes in collagen type ratios who might have had pulmonary fibroplasia secondary to intrauterine lung disease. These data suggest that there may be several subsets of infants with respiratory distress syndrome, each having a different prognosis. PMID- 6514445 TI - Gallbladder mechanics in newborn piglets. AB - The mechanical properties of the newborn piglet gallbladder were evaluated in both the stimulated and unstimulated states. The pressure-volume relationships, compliance, and the estimated active tension of the gallbladder were determined in 10 newborn piglets (2-7 days of age). Agonist stimulation was achieved by administration of histamine (25 micrograms/kg/h) and cholecystokinin (CCK) (60 ng/kg/h). Both histamine and CCK increased the intracholecystic pressure at the 50% resting volume from 12.4 cm H2O to 18.9 and 15.5 cm H2O, respectively. This resulted in a significant (p less than 0.05) increase in the active tension. However, no significant changes were observed in the gallbladder compliance after stimulation. These findings characterize the mechanical properties of the normal neonatal gallbladder. The low magnitude of intracholecystic pressure response to agonist stimulation, when compared to adult data, may explain the occurrence of decreased neonatal choledochal bile flow. PMID- 6514446 TI - Identification of methyl-branched chain dicarboxylic acids in amniotic fluid and urine in propionic and methylmalonic acidemia. AB - 3-Methyladipic, 4-methylpimelic, 4-methylsuberic, pimelic, and azeleic acids were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in the amniotic fluid of fetuses with propionic acidemia. These compounds were virtually undetectable in normal amniotic fluid. Concentrations much higher than those of the amniotic fluid were found in the urine of neonatal infants with propionic acidemia and methylmalonic acidemia. It appears that the accumulation of these compounds is a consequence of the accumulation of propionyl-CoA. Evidence was obtained for the presence of other methyl-branched chain dicarboxylic acids. 4-Methylpimelic acid and 4-methylsuberic acid have not previously been identified in human physiological fluids. PMID- 6514447 TI - Experimental focal segmental glomerulosclerosis: correlation with protein excretion, glomerular filtration rate, and renal plasma flow. AB - A rat model of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) produced by repeated injections of aminonucleoside (AMN) of puromycin was used to evaluate the relative roles of hemodynamic alterations and AMN-induced glomerular visceral epithelial cell injury in the development of FSGS. Twenty rats received three intraperitoneal injections of AMN on days 1, 21, and 28 and developed significant proteinuria. On day 50, 14 rats (group 1) underwent selective left renal perfusion with AMN and six rats (group 2) received left renal perfusion with saline. At sacrifice on day 70 or 110, group 2 rats had similar values in left and right kidneys for glomerular filtration rate (GFR), effective renal plasma flow (ERPF), and the amount of FSGS (13.1 +/- 5.6% in left and 12.9 +/- 7.8% in right). In contrast, group 1 rats manifested a significantly higher amount of FSGS in right kidneys as compared to left kidneys (3.1 +/- 1.3% in left and 6.3 +/- 2.0% in right, as well as significantly diminished GFR and ERPF in left as compared to right kidneys. A higher degree of FSGS was seen in kidneys with a higher GFR and ERPF. A positive correlation was observed between the mean 24-h protein excretion of the rats and the percentage of FSGS in left and right kidneys (r = 0.66, p less than 0.01). PMID- 6514448 TI - [Further studies on gluten provocation test in the diagnosis of celiac disease]. PMID- 6514449 TI - [Clinical symptoms in various respiratory tract anomalies in children]. PMID- 6514450 TI - [Prevention of reflux nephropathy as a cause of chronic renal failure in children]. PMID- 6514452 TI - [A case of congenital laryngotracheoesophageal fistula associated with esophageal atresia and other defects]. PMID- 6514451 TI - [Effect of kinesitherapy on pulmonary ventilation in children with congenital heart defects after operations under extracorporeal circulation]. PMID- 6514453 TI - [Indications for the treatment of children with blood and blood preparations. I. Treatment of newborn infants with blood]. PMID- 6514454 TI - [Changes in various immunologic indices in gastroduodenal and biliary pathology in children]. PMID- 6514455 TI - [Absorptive function of the small intestine in chronic cholecystitis in preschool children]. PMID- 6514456 TI - [Hepatic circulatory disorders in chronic cholecystitis in children]. PMID- 6514457 TI - [Prognosis of mucoviscidosis in children]. PMID- 6514458 TI - [Structuro-functional characteristics of biological membranes in mucoviscidosis in children]. PMID- 6514459 TI - [Characteristics of the phospholipid composition of erythrocyte membranes in Duchenne's progressive muscular dystrophy]. PMID- 6514460 TI - [Responsibility for child nutrition--an interdepartmental task]. PMID- 6514461 TI - [Blood prostaglandins in closed craniocerebral injuries in children]. PMID- 6514462 TI - [Intranasal provocation tests diagnosing and predicting the effect of treatment of pollinoses in children]. PMID- 6514463 TI - [Specific blood resistance of children under 1-year-old during determination of stroke volume by rheographic methods]. PMID- 6514464 TI - [Differential diagnosis of viral hepatitis in children]. PMID- 6514465 TI - [Differential diagnosis of viral hepatitis and subhepatic jaundice in children more than 1-year-old]. PMID- 6514466 TI - [Renal artery aneurysms as a cause of arterial hypertension in children]. PMID- 6514467 TI - [Contemporary aspects of the prevention and treatment of congenital hip dislocation in children]. PMID- 6514468 TI - [Clinical picture, diagnosis and treatment of Quincke's edema and urticaria in children]. PMID- 6514470 TI - [Pathogenesis of heartburn in children with esophagitis]. PMID- 6514469 TI - [Neurologic disorders in primary infectious toxicosis in children]. PMID- 6514471 TI - [Concentration of incompletely oxidized metabolites in the blood and urine of children with diabetes mellitus and obesity]. PMID- 6514472 TI - [Cellular immunologic reactions in hepatitis A and B in children]. PMID- 6514473 TI - [Follow-up of children with allergodermatoses]. PMID- 6514474 TI - [Objective verification of the anonymous questionnaire method used to identify schoolchildren who smoke]. PMID- 6514475 TI - [Establishment of levels of enzymatic activity in the blood leukocytes of children residing along the route of the Baikal-Amur Main Line]. PMID- 6514476 TI - [Organic and functional changes in the heart in children and their differentiation]. PMID- 6514477 TI - [Neutral glycosaminoglycans of the jejunal mucosa in children with chronic nonspecific enteritis]. PMID- 6514478 TI - Episodic secretion of hormones and the diagnostic value of single blood estimates. II. Progesterone, oestradiol and oestrone. AB - The episodic fluctuation of serum progesterone, oestradiol and oestrone levels was studied. Progesterone was determined in the luteal phase, oestradiol and oestrone concentrations were measured in the proliferative and luteal phases in 8 subjects in 10 min intervals between 08 and 12 h a.m. Reliability criteria proved the radioimmunological methods used to be comparable to those employed routinely. The within-person fluctuation of hormone levels characterized by the coefficient of variation of single estimates averaged 20.16, 23.0 and 11.6% for progesterone, oestradiol and oestrone, respectively. The considerable fluctuation of hormone concentrations suggest the importance of hormone measurements to control luteal function and folliculogenesis during the menstrual cycle. PMID- 6514479 TI - A case of 44,X streak gonad syndrome combined with familial balanced 13/14 translocation. AB - A case of 44,X streak gonad syndrome combined with familial balanced 13/14 translocation is described. To our knowledge this is the second report on the combination of X monosomy and autosomal translocation. There was no convincing evidence of an interchromosomal effect in the present case. PMID- 6514480 TI - Comparative genetical analysis: a new tool for validating the schizophrenia subtypes. AB - 350 carefully selected schizophrenic probands and their parents and siblings were diagnosed according to three different clinical classifications, and a multiple threshold analysis was carried out within the framework of the multifactoral model of inheritance. The results suggest that of the three classification systems, Leonhard's and Sneshnevsky's nosological system delineates relatively homogeneous subtypes from the clinical and genetic point of view, pointing to the promise these nosological systems have for the planning of future research in psychiatric genetics. PMID- 6514481 TI - Statistical analysis of monitoring examinations in chronic peritoneal dialysis program. AB - In dialysis centres the major part of laboratory tests is indicated by the routine monitoring strategy of the centre and not by the evidence of a new complication to be diagnosed. The aim of our study was to define an improved strategy, minimizing financial costs without loss of information. Findings of routine laboratory check-up of eleven patients undergoing chronic intermittent peritoneal dialysis were analysed. Using univariate and multivariate functions a considerable part of the laboratory test results can be estimated or predicted. From pre-dialysis measurements on serum the post-dialysis serum creatinine urea and uric acid levels can be predicted. The serum level of protein and hemoglobin can be estimated using the results of previous tests (performed maximum 7 weeks earlier) and current measurements on dialysate. PMID- 6514482 TI - Plasmapheresis and peritoneal dialysis in the management of rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis. AB - Six patients with rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis were given plasmapheresis and peritoneal dialysis by manual technique. At the start of treatment the patients were in renal failure and all but two were practically anuric. Renal biopsy revealed glomerular sclerosis in 4 cases. One of the patients in whom segmental focal fibrosis was found, went into remission. In the other three cases extensive hyaline degeneration was present. One of them was placed on a dialysis program, two died with circulatory failure. In two cases no glomerular sclerosis was found, though extensive changes of the tissues were present. One of these patients went into remission, the other died from respiratory failure consequent upon recurrent pneumothorax and gross pulmonary infiltration. The only chance of success in the management of rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis is offered by the earliest possible diagnosis. In cases of glomerular sclerosis the chances are very poor. PMID- 6514483 TI - Use of three writing tasks at an adolescent treatment center. AB - Adolescent residents placed in a state youth facility for crimes, misdemeanors, and anti-social behavior were presented with three writing modes during their language arts instruction. The modes required that they write a composition based on viewing a slide arrangement (Visual Composition), on imagery generated while the teacher provided sensual impressions (Imagery Composition), and on embellishing and rearranging a list of sentence fragments (Report Writing). The mean of a composition holistically scored prior to the writing treatment was significantly lower than the means of Report, Imagery, and Visual Composition writing for 14 subjects present for all writing tasks. While no significant differences emerged among the writing modes the percent gain over baseline was highest for Visual Composition (50%), a technique in which no printed language cues were available to the writer. Perhaps for problem adolescents with low literacy skills, direct emphasis on traditional and non-traditional, nonverbal approaches to composition may increase writing proficiency. PMID- 6514484 TI - Rotation of space-time plane predicts a new illusion of spatial displacement. AB - To account for an illusion of succession, it was theorized that the axes of the physical space-time plane were rotated in the process of perceiving. This theoretical rotation of space-time axes led to the prediction and demonstration of an illusion of spatial displacement. PMID- 6514485 TI - A proposed solution to past differences in the classification of borderline personality disorder. PMID- 6514486 TI - Personality, hypnotic susceptibility and EEG responses: preliminary study. AB - 22 men and women, students in psychology, were given the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire, also percent theta, alpha and beta EEG spectral powers were evaluated during an hypnotic induction induced according to Barber's method. The EEG performance was compared with two baseline eyes-open, eyes-closed conditions and with a neutral control situation of listening to a weather report. No relation was found between Extraversion-Introversion scores and scores on the Barber Suggestibility Scale. The difference in EEG powers was nonsignificant for groups high and low in suggestibility, while a significant interaction was found for eyes open or closed X suggestibility groups when extreme scores of Extraversion-Introversion and Neuroticism were considered according to Eysenck's (1966) method. The right theta power of the stable extraverts and neurotic introverts, high in susceptibility in eyes-open condition was higher than the neurotic extraverts, and stable introverts who were low in susceptibility to hypnosis. The right theta power of the neurotic extraverts and stable introverts who were low in susceptibility to hypnosis showed a tendency to increase in eyes closed conditions, while an opposite observation was made for the stable extraverts and neurotic introverts, subjects who were high in susceptibility. It is interesting to notice, according to Galbraith, et al. (1970) that it was the eyes-open condition which yielded the best EEG predictor of hypnotic susceptibility. PMID- 6514487 TI - Prism Adaptation in hypnotically limb-anesthetized subjects: more disconfirming data. AB - Two experiments assessed the effect of hypnotically suggested arm anesthesia on adaptation to displacing prisms. In Study 1, 30 highly susceptible subjects adapted to prisms by pointing at a visual target for 2 min. with their hypnotically anesthetized dominant arm. Suggestion and hypnosis were then "lifted," and subjects were randomly assigned to three groups: subjects in one group were asked to move the hand slowly during the posttest (slow motion); those in a second group were told that hypnotic anesthesia would enable them to overcome displacement aftereffects (hypothesis informed); the remaining subjects (controls) were given no special instructions. During posttesting, all groups showed a significant displacement aftereffect, with no differences occurring between groups. Study 2 followed the same procedure except that during adaptation the usual target was removed and subjects pointed towards a homogeneous backboard. 20 highly susceptible subjects were assigned to an hypothesis-informed or control group immediately before posttesting. All subjects showed a significant displacement aftereffect. Both studies provide further evidence that hypnotic suggestions do not influence automatic perceptual processes. The results of Exp. 2 contradict the suggestion that hypnotic limb anesthesia eliminates the displacement aftereffect when the target is removed during adaptation trials. PMID- 6514488 TI - Speech and coping skills training and paradox as treatment for college students anxious about public speaking. PMID- 6514489 TI - The Trail Making Test and Canter Background Interference Procedure in screening for organicity in chronic schizophrenia: a preliminary report. AB - For 10 male organic chronic schizophrenics scores on the Trail Making Test and Canter Background Interference Procedure were compared. These patients had severe hyponatremia, a condition that results in brain damage. The hit rate for correctly classifying the oranicity was 100% on the basis of sequence binding on Trial Making B and 50% on Canter's procedure. The findings suggested that the Trial Making Test may prove useful in discriminating organic from nonorganic schizophrenics. Implications for research were discussed. PMID- 6514490 TI - Variations in WISC-R patterns of learning disabled children. AB - The WISC-R was administered to 19 learning disabled students at the time of diagnosis and following a period of time in special program placements. Group analyses indicated fluctuations between testing times in the Verbal and Full Scale IQs and the V-P IQ discrepancies. Small but significant differences in Verbal, Performance and V-P scatter indices were observed at one or both testings in comparison to the normal standardization sample. Although the suggested group pattern for learning disabled children based on the Bannatyne categories was confirmed on both occasions, there was considerable variation for individual subjects. PMID- 6514491 TI - A detailed study of sequential saccadic eye movements for normal- and poor reading children. AB - This paper presents the results of an in-depth study of parameters characterizing sequenced saccadic eye movements for a group of dyslexic children and a comparative normal control group with ages in the range greater than 8.0 yr. and less than 13.0 yr. No parameters were statistically different for the two groups, which supports the findings of Brown, et al. and contradicts the findings of Pavlidis. Our results indicate that sequenced saccadic eye movements are not diagnostically useful for early detection of dyslexia. PMID- 6514492 TI - Estimates of category width by students in regular and special education. PMID- 6514493 TI - Evidence for color-contingent organizational aftereffects. AB - An effort was made to produce negative organizational aftereffects in response to a perceptually ambiguous stimulus that can be seen as a cube in either of two orientations. 6 subjects were adapted to alternative disambiguated versions of the ambiguous cube, shown either in green or magenta light. When tested with the ambiguous figure shown in either green or magenta light, 5 subjects showed negative aftereffects while one subject showed a positive aftereffect. The aftereffects showed an average change in preferred organization of 25%. The results are interpreted in terms of both cognitive and hard-wired processes. PMID- 6514494 TI - Multiple definitions of reading disability: implications for preschool screening. AB - A preschool screening battery was evaluated for effectiveness in identifying children who later would be found to have reading disabilities. The battery was used to evaluate 165 preschool children; 95 of these children were available for 3-yr. follow-up assessment. The battery was effective in identifying children at risk for later reading disability by using four different diagnostic criteria. The data suggest that intervention should be directed toward the immature or young boy who shows weaknesses in the preschool acquisition of number concepts and symbol recognition. PMID- 6514495 TI - Obesity as a variable affecting performance on the rod and frame test. AB - Apparent similarities between S. Schachter's stimulus binding construct and H. A. Witkin's construct of psychological differentiation, specifically field dependence, have been noted in the literature. The present study examined field dependence on the rod-and-frame test among 20 obese and 42 average-weight subjects. Obese subjects were more field-dependent than were average-weight subjects. Women were slightly more field-dependent than were men. The author concluded that obese persons are more field-dependent and speculated that the constructs may be describing similar phenomena. PMID- 6514496 TI - Perceptual experience in learning to read. AB - A group of 24 children (12 boys and 12 girls) aged 10 yr. was given the Children's Embedded Figures Test and a Reading Ability Test on Comprehension, Accuracy, and Speed. Only the correlation of CEFT and Accuracy scores was statistically significant, while that for CEFT and Comprehension scores fell just short of significance, and that for CEFT and Speed was nonsignificant. Data are discussed in terms of more holistic and more articulated processes in learning to read, respectively, as adopted by more field-dependent and more field-independent subjects. PMID- 6514497 TI - Eye position and visual attention influence perceived auditory direction. AB - The singular and joint effects of eccentric visual fixation and peripheral visual attention upon the perceived auditory median plane (PAMP) of the head were examined in four subjects. They positioned a hidden, horizontally-moving sound source to the perceived median plane of the head, while fixating a light 20 degrees or 45 degrees to the right or left of the actual median plane, and attending to another light in peripheral vision. Analysis by multiple linear regression yielded a model for each subject which indicated the nature and weighting of those factors contributing to variance reduction in PAMP judgments. Three subjects showed a strong linear attention effect, resulting in shifts of the PAMP away from the locus of attention. Similarly, a strong linear fixation effect was discovered in two subjects, a weak effect in another, and a nonlinear, inverse fixation effect in the last. Additional factors were noted for some subjects. Possible explanations of the observed effects were discussed. The study indicates that both visual attention and visual fixation are critical factors in experiments on auditory space perception although inter-individual differences do exist in the nature and strength of the effects. PMID- 6514498 TI - Effort of preparation and age. AB - In an experiment on 24 men and women who were selected for short simple RT (reaction time) and who ranged from 22 to 86 yr. of age, choice RT increased monotonically over 3.5 sec. of waiting time during which there was high momentary probability of stimulus occurrence. As use of a choice reaction minimized the possibility of a response set, the occurrence of a waiting decrement was regarded as support for Naatanen's 1971 proposal of short-term mental exhaustion, which was derived from a similar study but for simple RT. The effect of age on endurance was not clear. There appeared to be no greater waiting decrement with age up to about 65 yr., but the possibility of greater decrements beyond that age cannot be discounted. The existence of short-term exhaustion is consonant with Kahneman's (1973) view that effort is required for the generation of processing capacity. Kahneman and other investigators of mental effort have unanimously rejected the existence of any appreciable effort during preparation. However, Naatanen's evidence for short-term exhaustion apparently had not been considered. It is here suggested that short-term exhaustion usually is not incurred in information processing tasks as they are characterized by alternations of high and low demands for capacity, unlike the present high constant momentary probability of signal occurrence. It is further conjectured that such intermittent operation evolved as the optimum way of utilizing underlying resources that are subject to depletion. PMID- 6514499 TI - Assessment of eye dominance through response time. AB - The present study examined the effectiveness of a new technique for the assessment of eye dominance. 41 undergraduates of both sexes completed the Edinburgh Handedness Inventory, as well as two conventional performance indexes of eye dominance. Then each subject was positioned before the video monitor of a microcomputer and asked to view the monitor through a device that presented a different area of the monitor screen to each eye. In these two screen areas the digits 0 through 9 were randomly presented. Within every three trials the first two trials presented a digit to both eyes, and on the third trial a digit was presented to both eyes or to only one eye. There were 20 presentations of each kind: to both eyes, right eye, or left eye. The subject indicated whether the viewed digit was larger than or less than 4.5. This cognitive decision task was a constant in all trials. Analyses were performed on the third-trial response times, specifically, on the response time using right eye minus response time using left eye. For right-eyed people this was a positive number. As predicted, handedness, as assessed by the Edinburgh instrument, was significantly correlated with eyedness, as assessed by the response time procedure. The two conventional indexes of eyedness were also correlated with eyedness as assessed by the response time procedure. This procedure, then, provides a cardinal-scale measurement of degree of eye dominance. PMID- 6514500 TI - Lateralized brain processing of faces and facial expressions: level of blurring and specificity. AB - Earlier papers showed that the relative impairment in response to faces and facial expressions shown by right-brain-damaged subjects was reduced by using blurred stimuli. Reanalysis of these data supports the hypothesis of differential hemispheric sensitivity to spatial frequency of inputs and shows processing of expressions partially depends on the processing of faces. PMID- 6514501 TI - Stability of whole vs part perceptions of visual stimuli. AB - In two experiments, college undergraduates (ns = 29, 30) were asked to describe in writing two different abstract line drawings. Responses were classified by over-all orientation to the whole or the individual parts of each drawing. Although findings of the two experiments were very similar, analysis indicated that no strong reliability of orientation existed across the two drawings. PMID- 6514502 TI - Propensity to report paranormal experiences is correlated with temporal lobe signs. AB - Bivariate correlation analyses indicated that people who reported greater numbers of different types of paranormal experiences also reported greater numbers of temporal lobe signs. Whereas responses of one group (n = 108) of male and female university students gave a correlation of 0.60 between the two measures, for another group (n = 41) the correlation was 0.72. Partial correlation analyses, which involved holding the shared variance with affirmative responses to mundane psychological statements or odd sensations constant, did not alter the strength of the relationship. These results support the hypothesis that spontaneous paranormal experiences and the psychological components of complex partial (psychomotor) epilepsy may exist along the same continuum of temporal lobe sensitivity. PMID- 6514503 TI - Fear and time estimation. AB - It has been claimed that fear shortens time-estimates. Contrary to this view, 35 spider-phobic subjects give longer estimates of a short interval spent observing a spider than 18 non-phobic controls. The phobics' estimates are also more variable. PMID- 6514504 TI - Deviational salience: application to short stature and relation to perception of adolescent boys. AB - The concept of deviational salience attempts to explain an aspect of the relationship between self-perception and perception in general. When individuals perceive themselves as deviating from the perceived norm of a salient environmental stimulus, that stimulus becomes even more meaningful. Verification involved the influence of self-perception of own stature by 314 high school boys aged 15 to 18 yr., who were asked to rate 12 occupations in terms of prestige and physical stature. Analysis indicated that subjects, regardless of their self perceptions, perceived stature to be a meaningful feature and stereotypically associated higher prestige occupations with taller stature. However, subjects who perceived themselves as short more closely associated the criterial variables than did those who perceived themselves as average and tall. No significant difference between those self-perceived as average and tall groups was ascertained, suggesting that the direction of the perceived deviation is critical. PMID- 6514505 TI - Implications of 'neolithic' face representation: an indicator of 'spatial' dyslexia or a case of 'scientific' dyslexia? PMID- 6514506 TI - Comparison of Slosson and McCarthy Scales for exceptional preschool children. AB - A comparison of scores from the Slosson and McCarthy Scales with exceptional preschool children (both retarded and gifted) showed Slosson scores were significantly higher. Caution is recommended when using the Slosson as a screening instrument. PMID- 6514508 TI - Human orientation with restricted sensory information: no evidence for magnetic sensitivity. AB - Baker claimed that people are also able to orientate themselves to particular geographical locations as a result of sensitivity to the Earth's magnetic field. These claims were disputed by Gould and Able. A study involving a greater number of subjects (n = 103) and more stringent control over environmental sensory cues was carried out to resolve this disagreement. Subjects responded, both with a direct pointing response and with a verbal judgement in terms of an imagined clock face, to the targets of north, home, and the City of Melbourne. In statistical terms, subjects were not able to orientate towards any target by use of either response. No evidence was found for a magnetic sense in humans as claimed by Baker. PMID- 6514507 TI - Factor analysis of choice reaction time in young and elderly subjects. AB - To increase the utility of reaction time in applied research, we investigated the dynamic characteristics of the button-press response in four two-choice reaction time tasks. 11 dependent variables were derived from the performance of two groups of normal young and elderly subjects. Factor analysis yielded five factors: baseline, premotor, motor, force, and release. The factors derived from each single stimulus condition were differentially sensitive in separating the two groups. Young and elderly subjects were most consistently differentiated by a release factor in each of the four stimulus conditions. This factor was interpreted as being relatively free of cognitive components and presumed to incorporate high psychomotor organization. The least efficient in differentiation was the baseline factor; it separated the young and elderly subjects in only one stimulus condition. Four factors from the test with visual-verbal stimuli separated the two age groups statistically, while only two factors did so in the test with auditory-verbal stimuli. The differences between stimulus conditions were interpreted as evidence of microbehavioral adjustments in response performance dynamics and varying strategies used in handling the task demands. PMID- 6514509 TI - The waggon-wheel effect. AB - The waggon-wheel effect was studied by use of three wheels with different numbers of spokes (4, 8, 16) and a wide range of strobe temporal frequencies. The results obtained are discussed in terms of a model in which: (i) nearest-neighbour relationships predict the direction and speed of movement, (ii) persistence and masking occur over ranges consistent with values reported in the literature, (iii) apparent motion is generated between currently illuminated spokes and persisting images of spokes, (iv) duration of spoke illumination (sweep) is a determining factor and, (v) a top-down process finds the best fit (a sort of 'simple structure') for the complex spatiotemporal display. PMID- 6514510 TI - Color logic of apparent motion. AB - Two shapes of either the same or different color will seem to be in smooth apparent motion with like-colored mates, at proper conditions of flash timing and spacing. An experiment is reported in which the condition was tested for unlike colored pairs, for example red-green alternated with green-red. The question of interest was how the visual system would resolve the disparity of color. An 'intelligent' solution would rotate the shapes in three dimensions. Like-colored and unlike-colored parts were found to move and transform similarly, however, the resolution being dependent more upon timing than upon color. The motion of intelligence as it might be applied to vision is discussed in light of these results. PMID- 6514511 TI - Maximizing rigidity: the incremental recovery of 3-D structure from rigid and nonrigid motion. AB - The human visual system can extract 3-D shape information of unfamiliar moving objects from their projected transformations. Computational studies of this capacity have established that 3-D shape can be extracted correctly from a brief presentation, provided the moving objects are rigid. The human visual system requires a longer temporal extension, but it can cope with considerable deviations from rigidity. It is shown how the 3-D structure of rigid as well as nonrigid objects can be recovered by maintaining an internal model of the viewed object and modifying it at each instant by the minimal nonrigid change that is sufficient to account for the observed transformation. The results of applying this incremental rigidity scheme to rigid and nonrigid objects in motion are described and compared with human perception. PMID- 6514512 TI - Discrimination of velocities and mechanisms of motion perception. AB - In a first experiment, velocity discrimination thresholds were measured in twenty one experimental conditions by presentation of successive pairs of standard/comparison motions of a single spot target. Exposure times between 300 to 900 ms did not affect velocity discrimination. However, very slow velocity increased discrimination thresholds. Velocity discrimination is improved by the presence of stationary references and decreased by eccentricity. At slow velocities, in the absence of a motion phase, a discrete mode of presentation of the translation leads to higher discrimination thresholds than those observed with the continuous and stop-go-stop modes of the same translation. In a second experiment, it was shown that for shorter exposure time (100 ms), discrimination thresholds are much higher for the discrete mode. It is concluded that at long exposure time, velocity discrimination thresholds are essentially independent of the presence of a motion phase. PMID- 6514513 TI - Upside-down presentation of the Johansson moving light-spot pattern. AB - In a film produced by Johansson, a group of moving spots, corresponding to lights attached to the main joints of a walker or a runner, gives instantly a vivid impression of a person walking or running. Even when this film was inverted and run backward, some sort of human movement was still perceived. It was perceived more frequently as an upright image of a person moving forward in a very strange manner than as an inverted image of a person moving backward. Such strangeness seemed to arise from the fact that the actor's arms were perceived as legs and vice versa. The phase relations typical of the Johansson pattern are therefore still present when the film is inverted and run backward, leading to the perception of biological motions though these motions are very strange. PMID- 6514514 TI - Spatiotemporal continuity and the perception of causality in infants. AB - Infant perception of a Michottean launching event in which one object causes another to move through collision is examined in a series of habituation-test experiments. A number of hypotheses concerning how infants aged around 30 weeks might perceive and encode launching and its noncausal variants are identified and tested. The results of the first experiment indicate that infants can perceive direct launching as an event with internal structure, that is, as composed of two temporally ordered movements. The nature of the encoding by the infants is perceptual and not specifically motor-based. The second experiment makes it seem unlikely that the infants encode independent spatial and temporal features (for example, contact and successivity), while the third experiment suggests a spatiotemporal continuity gradient. Some implications for the origins of causality are discussed. PMID- 6514515 TI - Piagetian stage IV search errors with an object that is directly accessible both visually and manually. AB - Previous work has shown that infants make the Piagetian stage IV error when the object is covered by a transparent occluder. However, it is not clear whether this happens because nine-month-old infants' failure to understand the identity of hidden objects extends to visible objects, or whether they are puzzled by object relationships involving transparency. Nine-month-old infants were presented with one of three different stage IV tasks in which the object was visible and uncovered at the second location. Stage IV errors were obtained with the object visible, but only when a covered place was provided at the first location. It is concluded that this result is stronger evidence that the stage IV error is not simply a hidden-object phenomenon, and that it may be best explained by taking account of infants' functional place knowledge, as well as their knowledge of object identity. PMID- 6514516 TI - Psychophysical functions for perceived and remembered distance. AB - Two separate groups of subjects made magnitude estimations of the distances to fifteen objects (from 20 ft to 14.28 miles away) situated in a landscape. On day 1 of the experiment both groups learned the names and locations of the objects while viewing them from the top of a small mountain. On day 2 the perception group (N = 19) judged the distances to the objects while viewing them from the top of the mountain, whereas the memory group (N = 18) judged the distances while visualizing the landscape from memory. The data for both groups were well fit by power functions; the exponent was reliably smaller for the memory group (0.596) than for the perception group (0.811). Both groups drew maps of the landscape (reproduction task) from memory and the exponents were 0.483 and 0.514 for the memory and perception groups, respectively. The results are discussed in light of possible transformations performed on the original stimulus inputs by the sensory/perceptual and the memorial systems. PMID- 6514517 TI - What does the occluding contour tell us about solid shape? AB - A new theorem is discussed that relates the apparent curvature of the occluding contour of a visual shape to the intrinsic curvature of the surface and the radial curvature. This theorem allows the formulation of general laws for the apparent curvature, independent of viewing distance and regardless of the fact that the rim (the boundary between the visible and invisible parts of the object) is a general, thus twisted, space curve. Consequently convexities, concavities, or inflextions of contours in the retinal image allow the observer to draw inferences about local surface geometry with certainty. These results appear to be counterintuitive, witness to the treatment of the problem by recent authors. It is demonstrated how well-known examples, used to show how concavities and convexities of the contour have no obvious relation to solid shape, are actually good illustrations of the fact that convexities are due to local ovoid shapes, concavities to local saddle shapes. PMID- 6514518 TI - Learning spatial dimensions with a visual sensory aid: Molyneux revisited. AB - The relationship between sensory aid research and several areas of perceptual learning has been explored with five experiments on learning the use of the Binaural Sensory Aid, an electronic sensor in which pitch specifies distance and interaural amplitude difference (IAD) specifies direction. The training task required reaching to objects in near space, with tactile error feedback. Perceptual learning for both dimensions was demonstrated within 72 trials, giving a level of performance comparable to the use of a natural sound source, although performance with the direction cue did not reach asymptote until a second training session. Training was unaffected by various kinds of regularity in the spatial target sequences, or by a reduction in the number of spatial target locations until only two locations were used; at this point directional accuracy declines. Training only one dimension at a time did not produce additional improvement of performance on that dimension, but did impair generalization of the direction cue. Learning of the pitch-distance dimension was generally better than that of the IAD dimension, possibly because of its greater discriminability with this device. Generally, the pattern of results indicates that in learning to use such devices subjects readily determine the sensory dimensions of the codes and have considerable ability to generalize to new locations. PMID- 6514519 TI - Rivalry with continuous and flashed stimuli as a measure of ocular dominance across the visual field. AB - Two measures of sensory ocular dominance were compared. Both involved dichoptic presentation of orthogonal gratings--a situation which results in binocular rivalry. The gratings were presently briefly in experiment 1 and continuously in experiment 2 and by the predominance of one grating over the other a quantitative estimation of ocular dominance was obtained in both cases. Comparison of the results showed that (a) binocular rivalry suppression was present for exposures of 250 ms and (b) the briefly presented gratings were a more sensitive test for ocular dominance than conventional continuously presented stimuli. The variation of dominance over the horizontal meridian of the visual field was considered. For many subjects a consistent different in the ocular dominance in the two halves of the visual field, and therefore of the cortex, was found. Some showed dominance of the ipsilateral eye in each hemisphere while others showed dominance of the contralateral eye. It was found that there is, in fact, a continuum of types of dominance pattern amongst individuals. PMID- 6514520 TI - Visual and haptic perception of three-dimensional solid forms. PMID- 6514521 TI - Visual structures for achromatic color perceptions. PMID- 6514522 TI - Effects of discrimination training on the perception of /r-l/ by Japanese adults learning English. PMID- 6514523 TI - The perceptual fate of letters in two kinds of apparent movement displays. PMID- 6514524 TI - Perception at the blind spot and similarity grouping. PMID- 6514525 TI - Orientation-position coding and invariance characteristics of pattern discrimination. PMID- 6514526 TI - Visual search in cynomolgus monkeys: stimulus parameters affecting two stages of visual search. PMID- 6514527 TI - Effects of flash luminance and positional expectancies on visual response latency. PMID- 6514529 TI - Observations on a maximum likelihood method of sequential threshold estimation and a simplified approximation. PMID- 6514528 TI - Selective attention to color and location: an analysis with event-related brain potentials. PMID- 6514530 TI - The perception of three-dimensional structure from rigid and nonrigid motion. PMID- 6514531 TI - The pearls of wisdom: an exposition. PMID- 6514532 TI - A helminthic tale. PMID- 6514534 TI - Suggestion and healing. PMID- 6514533 TI - Scientific prejudice, reproductive isolation, and apartheid. PMID- 6514535 TI - Terminal illness: death and bereavement--toward an understanding of its nature. PMID- 6514536 TI - The subjective in medicine. PMID- 6514537 TI - Intellectual traditions in the life sciences. II. Stereocomplementarity. PMID- 6514538 TI - A proposal for new careers in health care. PMID- 6514539 TI - The social benefits of price competition in medicine. PMID- 6514540 TI - Drugs, biochemistry, and conscious experience: toward a theory of psychopharmacology. PMID- 6514541 TI - Single umbilical artery. A statistical analysis of 237 autopsy cases and review of the literature. AB - Two hundred thirty-seven autopsy cases of SUA and 1,242 unselected perinatal autopsies from military hospitals were reviewed and statistically analyzed. Results were correlated with those found in a comprehensive literature review. Incidence: The incidence of SUA in prospective deliveries is about 1%. Incidence is related to the portion of the umbilical cord examined, the method of cord examination (gross or microscopic), and to the race of the population base. The incidence of SUA in autopsy series is about twice the incidence in prospective series. SUA has a much higher incidence amont malformed, stillborn, or spontaneous abortuses than among apparently normal, liveborn, or induced abortuses. The incidence of SUA is less among very early embryos than among newborns because of the likelihood that SUA results from secondary atrophy of a preexisting normally formed second artery. As gestation proceeds, more cases will have become manifest to increase the incidence of SUA. There is no evidence of a familial tendency for SUA. SUA occurs slightly more frequently in females than in males, although there is a greater tendency for males with SUA to be malformed. The prognosis for SUA males is worse than for SUA females but no worse than that for male infants, in general. There is no relationship between the incidence of SUA and the month of the mother's last menstrual period. SUA and multiple births: The incidence of twins among SUA infants is at least three times greater than the overall incidence of twins. SUA occurs three to four times more frequently among twins than among Singletons. Although twin infants are subject to twice the expected incidence of malformations, twin SUA infants have no greater incidence of associated malformations than SUA singletons. Most SUA twins are discordant for the anomaly with SUA occurring in the smaller twin. The increased incidence of SUA among twin infants is not due to a greater incidence among monozygotic twins, since there is little difference from the usual proportion of monozygotic and dizygotic twins among twins with SUA. Mortality: In prospective series the mean perinatal mortality is about 20.0%. Approximately two-thirds of the perinatal deaths are stillborn and one-third are liveborn; and of the stillborn SUA infants, approximately three-quarters die antepartum and one-quarter die intrapartum. Mortality of SUA infants is related to associated fetal and placental malformations, prematurity and low birth weight, and intrauterine growth retardation. Although associated malformations are the primary cause of the high perinatal mortality, even nonmalformed SUA infants have an increased mortality rate.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6514542 TI - Does the tissue concentration in receptor binding studies change the affinity of the labelled ligand? AB - When the tissue concentration in a radioreceptor assay for anticholinergic drugs was varied in order to obtain optimum conditions, and the receptor concentration Cr and the equilibrium dissociation constant KD were determined by Scatchard analysis, the KD increased with increasing tissue concentrations. This phenomenon was considered as an artefact caused by non-specific binding of the labelled ligand to constituents of the receptor preparation which were not completely retained on the glass-fibre filters used for the separation of bound and free fraction of radio-labelled ligand. The increase in KD in these experiments could be described with a mathematical model of the binding experiments. PMID- 6514543 TI - Complex stability of ferrous ascorbate in aqueous solution and its significance for iron absorption. AB - The greater absorption of iron in vivo from ferrous ascorbate [Fe(HL)2] as compared with ferrous sulfate has been ascribed both to retardation or prevention of Fe(II) oxidation by ascorbate and to the existence of Fe(II) as a chelate with ascorbate. The available literature and our own results demonstrate that Fe(HL)2 dissociates in aqueous solution into a monomeric cationic species Fe(HL)1+, Fe2+ and HL-. The HL anion acts as a monodentate. The low stability constant KFe(HL)1, about 20 l.mol-1 at mu = 0 and 25 degrees C, results in the conclusion that Fe(HL)2 is almost completely dissociated into Fe2+ and HL- at about pH = 5, so (chelate) complex formation does not contribute significantly to the increased iron absorption. Between pH = 6 and pH = 8 a solubility enhancing effect of ascorbate is observed which may be of relevance for the iron absorption from ferrous ascorbate. PMID- 6514545 TI - [CT evaluation of parathyroid tumor]. PMID- 6514544 TI - Calcified brain metastases from carcinoma of the gastrointestinal tract. Correlation between computed tomography and histopathology. PMID- 6514546 TI - [Clinical evaluation of radiosensitizing effects of misonidazole]. PMID- 6514547 TI - [Hepatic arterial redistribution for hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy]. PMID- 6514548 TI - Accessory hepatic lobe simulating a left hemidiaphragmatic tumor: a case report. PMID- 6514549 TI - [The use of metrizamide to examine the gastrointestinal tract in children. Preliminary report]. PMID- 6514550 TI - [Renal imaging diagnosis by computed tomography]. PMID- 6514551 TI - [Iopamidol in visceral angiography]. PMID- 6514552 TI - [An experimental study of hemodynamic effects of low osmolality contrast media. Changes in blood flow rate in the femoral artery of the dog]. PMID- 6514553 TI - [Intercomparison measurements of ionization chambers for diagnostic X-rays. An investigation of the energy dependence of sensitivity by using the monochromatic X-ray radiations]. PMID- 6514554 TI - [Tumor vascularity under hypertension induced by intravenous infusion of angiotensin II. An angiographic observation]. PMID- 6514555 TI - [Swedish pharmaceutical insurance--experiences during 5 years]. PMID- 6514556 TI - [Nickel allergy--occurrence and treatment]. PMID- 6514557 TI - [Home measurement of blood glucose--quality assessment]. PMID- 6514558 TI - [New knowledge about electrical skin injuries]. PMID- 6514559 TI - [The epidemiology of alcohol abuse]. PMID- 6514560 TI - [Surgical treatment of urinary incontinence]. PMID- 6514561 TI - [Traffic medicine research can give high returns]. PMID- 6514562 TI - [Poison information centers in Scandinavia. The importance of follow-up of patients who have been poisoned]. PMID- 6514563 TI - [The role of echocardiography in the diagnosis of infectious endocarditis]. PMID- 6514564 TI - [Modern therapy of infectious endocarditis]. PMID- 6514566 TI - [Platelet-derived growth factor in normal and malignant cell growth]. PMID- 6514567 TI - [Dietary treatment of hypertension in obesity--mechanisms underlying blood pressure reduction]. PMID- 6514565 TI - [Past research on the physiology of the spleen. The role of the spleen in the immune system]. PMID- 6514568 TI - Persisting hypocalcaemia in the cow--predisposing factors. AB - Results from a clinical study involving 540 cows which recovered after one treatment for hypocalcaemia, 159 cows which recovered after two treatments for hypocalcaemia, and 61 cows which recovered after at least three treatments for hypocalcaemia, showed that the number of treatments before recovery was significantly related to the following factors: Plasma Ca, plasma Mg, packed cell volume, time of first treatment in relation to calving, season of the year, previous milk fever history, management system and the cow's body condition. PMID- 6514569 TI - [The selenium content of milk]. AB - The selenium content in milk of dairy cows from different countries varies between 2 and 60 micrograms/kg, because of differences in the selenium content in the feeds. With an increasing selenium content in the feed a decreasing part is secreted into the milk. A bigger part is utilized from natural selenium compounds in the feed than from selenite. In own investigations milk from Swedish cows had significantly lower selenium content during summer and autumn than during winter and spring (p less than 0,0001). The LS-means between different regions also differed significantly (p less than 0,0001). From the autumn of 1980 the feed manufacturers have been allowed to add sodium-selenite to concentrates and mineral feeds in amounts permitting a selenium content of 0,1 mg/kg DM in the total ration of dairy cows. The year after the selenium fortification was allowed, the LS-means for the selenium content of milk were 1 microgram/kg higher than the year before (p less than 0,001). In the southern parts of Sweden the selenium content was 8-10 and in the central and northern parts 7-9 micrograms/kg. These means were substantially lower than the figure of 15 micrograms/kg which was reported from the central part of Sweden two decades ago. The low selenium content in the milk during summer in some parts of Sweden could possibly mean that there is still a risk of selenium deficiency among the cattle. Anyhow the milk will not always cover the selenium requirement of the sucking or milkfed calf. PMID- 6514570 TI - Ochratoxin A in blood of slaughter pigs. AB - The global ochratoxin A contamination of Swedish feed cereals was studied by analysis of pig blood samples from 122 different herds. The samples were collected at seven Swedish slaughterhouses. The ochratoxin A analysis showed 21% of the samples to contain greater than or equal to 2 ng ochratoxin A per ml. Samples from Visby showed a significantly higher frequency of contamination compared with the rest of the country. PMID- 6514571 TI - Mycoplasma-bovis-induced mastitis in cattle in Denmark. PMID- 6514573 TI - A DNA polymerase activity is associated with Cauliflower Mosaic Virus. AB - A DNA polymerase activity is found within the Cauliflower Mosaic Virus (CaMV) particle. Analysis of the reaction product reveals that the linear form of the virion DNA is preferentially labelled. The molecular weight of the DNA polymerase as determined on an "activity gel" is 76 kDa. PMID- 6514572 TI - Nucleotide sequence of a crustacean 18S ribosomal RNA gene and secondary structure of eukaryotic small subunit ribosomal RNAs. AB - The primary structure of the gene for 18 S rRNA of the crustacean Artemia salina was determined. The sequence has been aligned with 13 other small ribosomal subunit RNA sequences of eukaryotic, archaebacterial, eubacterial, chloroplastic and plant mitochondrial origin. Secondary structure models for these RNAs were derived on the basis of previously proposed models and additional comparative evidence found in the alignment. Although there is a general similarity in the secondary structure models for eukaryotes and prokaryotes, the evidence seems to indicate a different topology in a central area of the structures. PMID- 6514574 TI - Cross-linking of mRNA to initiation factor eIF-3, 24 kDa cap binding protein and ribosomal proteins S1, S3/3a, S6 and S11 within the 48S pre-initiation complex. AB - Native small ribosomal subunits from rabbit reticulocytes contain all initiation factors necessary for the formation of the mRNA-containing 48S pre-initiation complex. The complex formed in the presence of Met-tRNAf and 125I-labelled globin mRNA was cross-linked with diepoxybutane, and the covalent mRNA-protein complexes were isolated under denaturating conditions. The proteins of the covalent complex were identified as the 110, 95 and 66/64 kDa subunits of eIF-3. In addition, the 24 kDa cap binding protein and the ribosomal proteins S1, S3/3a, S6 and S11 were found covalently linked to the mRNA. Ribosomal proteins S3/3a and S6 were also involved in the ribosomal mRNA-binding domain of reticulocyte polysomes. PMID- 6514575 TI - Filter disc supported oligonucleotide synthesis by the phosphite method. AB - The phosphite approach to oligodeoxynucleotide synthesis has been applied to the filter disc support. The method is exemplified here by the preparation of eight decadeoxynucleotides. PMID- 6514577 TI - Stable tRNA precursors in HeLa cells. AB - Two tRNA precursors were isolated from 32P-labeled or unlabeled HeLa cells by two dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and were sequenced. These were the precursors of tRNAMet and tRNALeu, and both contained four extra nucleotides including 5'-triphosphates at their 5'-end and nine extra nucleotides including oligo U at their 3'-end. These RNAs are the first naturally occurring tRNA precursors from higher eukaryotes whose sequences have been determined. In these molecules, several modified nucleosides such as m2G, t6A and ac4C in mature tRNAs were undermodified. Two additional hydrogen bonds were formed in the clover leaf structures of these tRNA precursors. These extra hydrogen bonds may be responsible for the stabilities of these tRNA precursors. PMID- 6514576 TI - The complete pattern of mutagenesis arising from the repair of site-specific psoralen crosslinks: analysis by oligonucleotide hybridization. AB - Psoralen crosslinks were site-specifically placed in plasmid pBR322 near the BamHI site in the tet gene by enzymatically inserting mercurated nucleotides and reacting at the target site with a sulfhydryl-containing psoralen. The damaged plasmid was repaired in SOS-induced E. coli cells. Mutants were detected by colony hybridization to oligonucleotides in the target region, and their sequences were determined. The mutations are all base substitutions, 80% transitions and 20% transversions, similar to the mutations previously identified by the loss of tetracycline resistance. However, the mutation sites detected by a physical method, unconstrained by phenotypic changes, follow a broader distribution than those identified genetically. They occur primarily at favored psoralen crosslinking sites, where T-T and T-C interstrand crosslinks can be formed. A majority of these mutations are silent. PMID- 6514578 TI - Generation and functional analyses for base-substitution mutants of the adenovirus 2 major late promoter. AB - The function of guanosine residues surrounding the TATA box of the adenovirus 2 major late promoter (MLP) in promoting efficient transcription initiation and in selecting a specific transcription start site in vitro has been examined. Multiple and single base substitutions (G----A) were generated in this region (from -63 to +25 relative to the cap site, +1) of the MLP. The promoter activities of the wild type and 21 mutants were assayed in an in vitro transcription system using whole cell extract (WCE) prepared from HeLa cells. The results suggest that the strings of G residues immediately adjacent to the TATA box are not required for full promoter activity in vitro. These G residues also appear not to be involved in the selection of a specific transcription start site by RNA polymerase II in vitro, since the identical cap site was used by wild-type and mutated MLP's. However, two G residues (-55 and -57) were identified as part of an upstream promoter element: a G----A transition at either -55 or -57 resulted in a 2.6 fold reduction in promoter activity. However, neither single nor double G----A transitions at -62 and -63 had an effect on promoter activity. PMID- 6514579 TI - Complete concordance between glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity and hypomethylation of 3' CpG clusters: implications for X chromosome dosage compensation. AB - To explore the molecular basis of X chromosome inactivation, we have examined the human locus for glucose-6-phosphate dehydro-genase (G6PD) in various human tissues. Studies of DNA from males and females and from somatic cell hybrids with active or inactive X chromosomes, show that two remarkably dense clusters of CpG dinucleotides in the 3' coding sequences are hypomethylated in active G6PD genes but extensively methylated in inactive ones. Reacquisition of G6PD activity, either spontaneous or induced by 5-azacytidine, is accompanied by demethylation of both clusters; however, the clusters remain methylated in reactivants that express HPRT but not G6PD. Our observations implicate these 3' CpG clusters in the transcription of G6PD and in maintenance of dosage compensation for X linked housekeeping genes. PMID- 6514580 TI - Alpha-amanitin-insensitive transcription of variant surface glycoprotein genes provides further evidence for discontinuous transcription in trypanosomes. AB - Many, if not all, mRNAs in T.brucei start with the same sequence of 35 nucleotides, separately encoded in clustered so-called mini-exon repeats. From these mini-exon repeats a 141-nt precursor RNA with the 35-nt sequence at its 5' end is transcribed. Indirect evidence suggests that this RNA is linked in a second step to pre-mRNA transcripts. We have studied the sensitivity of RNA synthesis to alpha-amanitin in isolated trypanosome nuclei. Transcription of several protein coding genes is almost completely inhibited by a concentration of 5 micrograms alpha-amanitin per ml, whereas strong inhibition of mini-exon transcription is achieved with 200 micrograms alpha-amanitin per ml. In contrast, transcription of genes for variant surface glycoproteins (VSGs) is not inhibited by 1000 micrograms alpha-amanitin per ml, as is transcription of the genes for the major rRNAs. Since the mature VSG mRNAs start with the 35-nt sequence, our results provide additional evidence that the 35-nt sequence and the main part of VSG mRNA are produced from independent transcription units, these are transcribed by (partly) different RNA polymerases. PMID- 6514583 TI - [Capnographic curves in cigarette smokers]. PMID- 6514582 TI - DNA sequence of the Rhizobium leguminosarum nodulation genes nodAB and C required for root hair curling. AB - A 3.2kb fragment of DNA cloned from Rhizobium leguminosarum has been shown to contain the genes necessary for the induction of root hair curling, the first observed step in the infection of leguminous plants by R. leguminosarum. The DNA sequence of this region has been determined and three open reading frames were identified: genes corresponding to these open reading frames have been called nodA, nodB and nodC and are transcribed in that order. Mutations within the nodC gene completely blocked root hair curling. However, a subcloned fragment containing only the nodC gene did not induce normal root hair curling (although some branching was observed), indicating that the nodA and B genes may also be required for normal root hair curling. From an analysis of the predicted amino acid sequences of the nodAB and C genes it appeared unlikely that their products are secreted; therefore it is concluded that the induction of root hair curling could be due to a secreted metabolite. PMID- 6514581 TI - Chloroplast-coded atrazine resistance in Solanum nigrum: psbA loci from susceptible and resistant biotypes are isogenic except for a single codon change. AB - The 32-kDa photosystem II protein of the chloroplast is thought to be a target molecule for the herbicide atrazine. The psbA gene coding for this protein was cloned from Solanum nigrum atrazine-susceptible ('S') and atrazine-resistant ('R') biotypes. The 'S' and 'R' genes are identical in nucleotide sequence except for an A to G transition, predicting a Ser to Gly change at codon 264. The same predicted amino acid change in psbA was previously shown for an Amaranthus hybridus 'S' and 'R' biotypes which had, in addition, two silent nucleotide changes between the genes (Hirschberg, J. and McIntosh, L., Science 222, 1346 1349, 1983). Occurrence of the identical, non-silent change in psbA in different 'S' and 'R' weed biotype pairs suggests a functional, herbicide-related role for this codon position. PMID- 6514584 TI - [Serum glycoprotein levels in patients with primary lung cancer]. PMID- 6514585 TI - [Chylothorax in lymphoma]. PMID- 6514586 TI - [A case of localized pleural mesothelioma simulating mediastinal tumor]. PMID- 6514587 TI - Complexation versus hemodialysis to reduce elevated aminoglycoside serum concentrations. AB - Seven patients with acutely elevated aminoglycoside serum concentrations were studied comparing the effect of hemodialysis (n = 3) with removal by complexation using ticarcillin or carbenicillin (n = 4). Aminoglycoside serum half-life before intervention averaged 96 hours for the dialysis group and 67 hours for the complexation group. Ticarcillin was used for a minimum of 48 hours, while hemodialysis removal was estimated over 48 hours, which included two 4-hour dialysis periods. Aminoglycoside serum half-life was reduced to an average of 11 hours with hemodialysis, while with complexation using ticarcillin, it was reduced to 12 hours. During the 48-hour comparison period, complexation removed approximately 50% more aminoglycoside than did hemodialysis, primarily because the improved removal technique was sustained over the entire time. Complexation appears to be as effective as continuous hemodialysis in lowering excessive aminoglycoside serum concentrations. Complexation with ticarcillin can be more rapidly initiated, is less expensive and there is a low risk of adverse reactions. This method provides continued treatment of infections in patients with elevated serum concentrations and/or nephrotoxicity who require cessation of aminoglycoside therapy. PMID- 6514589 TI - Liquid and solid potassium chloride: bioavailability and safety. AB - Studies have suggested that microencapsulated preparations of potassium chloride may pose less risk to the upper gastrointestinal mucosa than the currently available wax-matrix preparations. Based on our own clinical experience and data available from the literature, we have concluded that (1) liquid and slow-release preparations of potassium chloride are safe and effective when used appropriately and (2) at present there is no conclusive evidence to suggest that lesions of the upper gastrointestinal tract are more prevalent with one slow-release preparation than with another. PMID- 6514588 TI - Long-term follow-up study of cimetidine. AB - In a 5-year follow-up study of 8553 recipients of cimetidine at Group Health Cooperative of Puget Sound, we examined the frequency of uncommon serious illness requiring hospitalization that may have been drug induced. With the possible exception of one patient with probable drug-induced liver disease, we did not find any instances of serious illness requiring hospitalization that could be attributed with reasonable certainty to cimetidine. This large study provides reassurance that cimetidine is a relatively safe medication. PMID- 6514590 TI - The success of varicella vaccine. PMID- 6514591 TI - Varicella: clinical manifestations, epidemiology and health impact in children. PMID- 6514592 TI - Intravenous antibiotic therapy in ambulatory pediatric patients. AB - Eighty-nine pediatric patients (median age, 12.0; range, 1.5 to 18 years) were treated with antibiotics given intravenously by self- or parent administration for a variety of infections, under close physician supervision. Patients with infections involving bone and joint (53), respiratory tract (16), soft tissue (9), abdominal cavity (4), genitourinary tract (4) and bloodstream (3) were treated for a mean period of 19.0 days. Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Haemophilus influenzae were the most frequent pathogens. Favorable clinical outcomes occurred in 85 patients (96%). Adverse clinical and laboratory events occurred at a frequency commensurate with that of hospitalized patients. A total of 1700 patient days were managed in this outpatient setting at significant cost savings, and the method allowed early return to school for 83 patients (93%). Intravenous antibiotic therapy in ambulatory patients can provide a successful, safe, cost-effective alternative to inpatient care under conditions of diligent patient screening and physician-centered follow-up. PMID- 6514593 TI - Selective inhibition of enterobacteriaceae in fecal flora of children by oral trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. AB - Fecal flora of nine pediatric inpatients who were receiving trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole were studied by quantitative aerobic and anaerobic culture methods. During the course of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, the number of Enterobacteriaceae decreased from 10(8-9) to 10(4-5) bacteria per g feces. The isolation rate and the number of Veillonella were also reduced. Other prominent aerobic and anaerobic flora, including Streptococcus, Bacteroidaceae and Bifidobacterium, were not affected. No overgrowth of Pseudomonas, Staphylococcus, Candida or Clostridium was noted. These results support the usefulness of oral trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole for the prophylaxis of bacterial infection in the compromised host. PMID- 6514594 TI - Late-presenting variant of chronic granulomatous disease. PMID- 6514595 TI - Chromobacterium violaceum as a cause of periorbital cellulitis. PMID- 6514596 TI - Parapneumonic effusions and empyema in hospitalized children: a retrospective review of 227 cases. PMID- 6514597 TI - The role of computerized tomographic scan in the management of Gradenigo's syndrome: a case report. PMID- 6514598 TI - Optic disc swelling and Mycoplasma pneumoniae. PMID- 6514600 TI - [Pregnancy and labor in women with solitary kidney--20-year observations]. PMID- 6514599 TI - [Pregnancy in women with nephrotic syndrome in chronic glomerulonephritis]. PMID- 6514601 TI - [Pregnancy in women with lupus nephropathy]. PMID- 6514603 TI - [Treatment of a pregnant patient with advanced renal failure by repeated dialysis]. PMID- 6514602 TI - [Chromosome changes in workers after long-term exposure to benzene and its derivatives]. PMID- 6514605 TI - [Management of neoplasms of the urogenital system (report from a visit to the Urological Clinic, Ludwig Maximilian University in Munich). II]. PMID- 6514604 TI - [True hermaphroditism with 46,XY karyotype and symptoms of the Sotos' syndrome]. PMID- 6514606 TI - [The necessity of studying the health status of physicians in Poland]. PMID- 6514607 TI - [Evaluation of health status of physicians in Poland]. PMID- 6514608 TI - [Demographic structure and occupational work load of physicians in Poland]. PMID- 6514609 TI - [Self-evaluation of occupational psychological stress in physicians' work]. PMID- 6514610 TI - [Data on job and career choice satisfaction among physicians based on nationwide studies]. PMID- 6514611 TI - [Differences in absenteeism due to illness among women physicians and nurses in outpatient clinics and hospitals]. PMID- 6514612 TI - [Tobacco smoking habit among physicians in Poland]. PMID- 6514613 TI - [Anatomy--its need and clinical aspects in current medicine]. PMID- 6514614 TI - [Naloxone in the treatment of shock]. PMID- 6514615 TI - [Fungal bronchial asthma treated in the salt chambers in Wieliczka]. PMID- 6514616 TI - [Effect of bencyclane on bronchodilation in bronchial asthma]. PMID- 6514617 TI - [Calculating the costs of treatment of critically ill patients at intensive care units]. PMID- 6514618 TI - [Diagnostic peritoneal lavage in unconscious patients with cranio-cerebral injuries]. PMID- 6514619 TI - [Platelet activity in patients with ischemia of the lower limbs treated with acenocoumarol]. PMID- 6514620 TI - [Brain tumor as a cause of conductive hearing loss]. PMID- 6514621 TI - [Surgical treatment of ischemia of the brain]. PMID- 6514622 TI - [Long-term effects of nuclear war]. PMID- 6514623 TI - [Hearing function and equilibrium in patients with chronic brucellosis and metabrucellosis]. PMID- 6514624 TI - [A new method in the use of magnetic induction in hearing aids for patients with partial hearing loss]. PMID- 6514626 TI - [Pyelovesical anastomosis using an isolated small intestine loop in the treatment of hydronephrosis of a solitary kidney]. PMID- 6514625 TI - [Amikacin-induced hearing loss in patients treated with repeated hemodialysis]. PMID- 6514627 TI - [Case of Goodpasture's syndrome]. PMID- 6514628 TI - [Use of acyclovir in varicella-zoster virus infection with severe clinical course in a patient with glomerulonephritis treated with immunosuppressive drugs]. PMID- 6514629 TI - [Evaluation of selected indicators of the extension of the necrotic area in myocardial infarction]. PMID- 6514630 TI - [Circulatory efficiency in patients after myocardial infarction during exercise rehabilitation in the health resort]. PMID- 6514631 TI - [Monitoring heparin therapy by the determination of blood coagulation time using kaolin]. PMID- 6514632 TI - [Gardner-Diamond syndrome]. PMID- 6514633 TI - [Effect of alcohol on the circulatory system]. PMID- 6514634 TI - [Significance of ST segment depression in precordial ECG leads in inferior myocardial infarction]. PMID- 6514635 TI - [Diagnostic value of the antabuse test in liver cirrhosis]. PMID- 6514636 TI - [Zieve's syndrome as a particular form of alcoholic fatty liver]. PMID- 6514637 TI - [Cryoglobulinemia in chronic liver diseases]. PMID- 6514638 TI - Giant congenital melanocytic nevus: quantification of nevus debulking after split thickness excision. AB - Although giant congenital melanocytic nevi (CMN) may undergo malignant transformation, their complete surgical removal is commonly difficult to achieve and may require sacrifice of normal skin. We treated a patient with CMN by a combination of full-thickness excision and primary closure of the central atypical portion and split-thickness excision of the remainder. Histometric analysis of the tissues obtained at surgery indicated that the split-thickness procedure removed approximately 70% of the cellular nevus content from that area. Total debulking by the combined procedure was calculated to be approximately 80%. If the risk of malignant degeneration is proportional to the number of melanocytes present, the debulking procedure described may provide a useful alternative for the management of some giant CMN. The cosmetic result is satisfactory and the significant lightening in color and removal of nodular irregularities may facilitate prospective follow-up of the residual lesion. PMID- 6514639 TI - Skin dimpling associated with midtrimester amniocentesis. AB - Multiple dimple-like scars occurred in an infant whose mother had undergone midtrimester amniocentesis. The clinical description, prevalence, and differential diagnosis of this association are presented. PMID- 6514640 TI - The management of congenital nevocytic nevi. PMID- 6514641 TI - Congenital fascial dystrophy--a noninflammatory disease of fascia: the stiff skin syndrome. AB - Our patient's disease was similar to the persons with stiff skin syndrome described by Esterly and McKusick (1). Stony-hard indurations of the skin and deeper tissue were generalized but most pronounced in the buttocks, thighs, and legs, with limitation of joint mobility and particularly extensive contractures in the lower limbs. The disease was noticed when the patient was 18 months old, and was nonprogressive within a follow-up period of 12 years. There was no visceral involvement except functional impairment of the lungs, probably due to thickened thoracic fascia. Biochemical, histologic, and electron microscopic studies of the skin and muscle were not remarkable. In skin fibroblasts, collagen synthesis was increased and was accompanied by elevated activity of the prolylhydroxylase and lysylhydroxylase, whereas the transferases were not altered. The fascia was considerably thickened, but contained no inflammatory infiltrates. The significant electron microscopic finding was the presence of amianthoid-like collagen fibers in the fascia. PMID- 6514642 TI - Psychology of pain. PMID- 6514643 TI - Headache. PMID- 6514644 TI - Postoperative pain. PMID- 6514645 TI - An approach to chronic pain of non-malignant origin. PMID- 6514646 TI - Behavioural science and chronic pain. PMID- 6514647 TI - Analgesics. PMID- 6514648 TI - Psychological approaches to the treatment of chronic pain. PMID- 6514649 TI - Management of pain with regional analgesia. PMID- 6514650 TI - Persistent akathisia associated with early dyskinesia. PMID- 6514651 TI - The surgical treatment of obesity. AB - Surgery for obesity has developed continuously since it was introduced in 1956. The early idea of small intestinal bypass has been refined to the point that the majority of surgeons agree that about 45 cm of small bowel should be left in continuity, 30 cm of jejunum and 15 cm of ileum. Providing care is taken to given dietary supplements plus a high protein, low fat, low oxalate and high calcium diet, together with a ready response to severe liver damage by treatment of bacterial infection in the bypassed loop, this operation or one of its variants appears to be reasonably safe. But it is nevertheless followed by significant and undesirable side effects. Wiring the jaw is effective in producing weight loss and has the advantage of simplicity and cheapness. Unfortunately when the suffer is released weight is gained in all cases. Gastric operations designed to reduce the size of the proximal stomach to a paltry 50 ml are of two types--gastric bypass in which the small and otherwise closed pouch is drained into the small bowel and gastroplasty in which a 9 mm stoma drains the pouch into the distal stomach. There is much to commend gastroplasty and reports so far do not indicate such a large number of late complications as with jejuno-ileal bypass. This surely is where the future of surgery in this condition lies. PMID- 6514652 TI - Behaviour modification and exercise in the treatment of obesity. AB - Behaviour modification of eating and exercise can play important roles in the treatment of obesity. Their effectiveness will depend upon the severity of the obesity and the stage of management. Most importantly, these rational adjustments of behaviour, influencing energy intake and output, can be used separately, together or in conjunction with other methods of treatment. PMID- 6514653 TI - The practical effect of obesity on the insured life--relative risks associated with obesity and various disease states--"the imparied life". AB - The 1979 Build and Blood Pressure Study was based on 4,200,000 North American life assurance policies issued after medical examinations between 1950 and 1971 and studied over the period of 1954 to 1972. The experience included 106,000 deaths. The study investigated the mortality experience of overweight lives assured by cause of death. Actual mortality was significantly above that expected for the following causes: diabetes mellitus, cerebrovascular disease, coronary artery disease and hypertensive heart disease. The implications of these observations are discussed. PMID- 6514654 TI - Dietary aspects of obesity. AB - A new FAO report on how to estimate the energy and protein requirements of individuals is imminent and has direct application to the management of obese patients. Energy needs, although variable form individual to individual, are reasonably stable unless gross overfeeding or prolonged semi-starvation occurs; unconscious appetite control is surprisingly important. No longer will energy needs be expressed per kg body weight, a reference point difficult to apply to obese subjects anyway. There are now equations for estimating basal metabolic rate (BMR) these can be appled to obese subjects to give BMR in MJ per day; for kcal from kJ divide by 4.184. The equations apply to all races although north Europeans and Americans tend to have high values and Indians low. An obese patient has a higher BMR than a normal person of the same height. Lean body mass is increased in obesity so some long term loss is inevitable with slimming and accounts for the persistent fall in BMR on weight loss. Energy and protein needs are just the beginning of dietary management. Obese patients are prone to cardiovascular and gall bladder disease. A low fat diet is important and a polyunsaturated: saturated ratio (P:S) of 0.5 to 1.0 is appropriate: higher ratios will exacerbate cholestasis in the biliary tract which can be precipitated by weight loss. New evidence suggests that cereal fibre intake is important for preventing secondary bile salt recycling from the colon with its effect on biliary cholesterol saturation. Therefore long term high cereal (not bran) fibre intakes are as important in obese patients as is a low fat diet. High carbohydrate diets produce a slightly higher metabolism rate than iso-energetic diets. Low sugar diets lead to slightly lower energy intakes. Trace element deficient diets can lead to obesity so the obese patient and his family should be advised and shown how to permanently adjust to a 'prudent' diet. The short term approach to management is usually a waste of time. PMID- 6514655 TI - Very low calorie diets--history, safety and recent developments. AB - Poor results from orthodox diets for the obese have emphasized the need for suitable alternatives such as very low calorie diets (VLCD). These have now been in use for some ten years and their advantages and pitfalls are well known. Initial investigations were based on the use of total fasting and examining the significance of protein supplementation during therapeutic starvation. Subsequent studies employed ordinary food stuffs as the protein source but included no carbohydrate. Others developed formula diets which involved the use of both protein and carbohydrate. In the U.S.A. diets such as these are either monitored by the medical profession or in some instances sold directly to the public. In these connections two areas of concern have emerged. One is the ability of patients to maintain weight loss and most importantly, the safety of the programme itself. It is now well established that unless some follow-up support is made available patients will not be stabilized at the reduced weight level. The use of behaviour modification, increased physical activity and the concept of free and fixed calories offers the hope of a more complete answer to weight control. The safety of VLCD became a cause for concern when liquid protein sold over the counter was associated with a number of deaths for which other causes could not be determined. Subsequent monitoring has indicated that where patients are maintained on high quality protein supplement the potentially lethal arrhythmias associated with liquid protein are not seen. On the basis of clinical experience in over 4000 patients it is felt that three factors are necessary for any programme to be maximally safe and efficient. These elements are proper patient selection, high quality supplement and proper patient monitoring. PMID- 6514656 TI - Protein requirements with very low calorie diets. AB - The goal of the dietary treatment of obesity is to reduce the patient's weight with minimum risk. This is accomplished by a dietary regimen which allows a preferential loss of body fat with a preservation of lean body mass. Total fasting leads to a loss of 150 grams of nitrogen in the first month alone. In a study by Hoffer et al. reported below, two levels of dietary protein were compared for their effects on nitrogen balance in 17 obese women on a low calorie (500 cal) weight reduction diet. After three weeks of adaptation to the diets, the group given 0.8 grams protein/kg were in -2 grams nitrogen balance while the group given 1.5 grams protein/kg were at zero nitrogen balance. It was concluded that protein intakes at the level of the recommended dietary allowance (0.8 g/kg) are not compatible with nitrogen equilibrium when the energy intake is severely restricted. While weight loss is the obvious goal for obese persons, a careful examination of the composition of the weight loss (protein, fat, water) is essential in defining the optimal dietary regimen. PMID- 6514658 TI - Minimum weight for onset of sexual maturity in female chickens: heritability and phenotypic and genetic correlations with early growth rate. AB - The heritability of minimum weight for onset of sexual maturity in chickens (WTSXM) and its phenotypic and genetic correlations with early growth rate were studied in a Leghorn (L) layer stock, in two White Rock (WR) broiler stocks, and in the F4, F5, and F6 segregating generations of a White Rock X Leghorn (WR X L) cross. Mean heritability of WTSXM was .38 in the WR populations and .84 in the WR X L cross populations. Mean WTSXM of the various genetic stocks were closely related to their mean early growth rate. The mean phenotypic correlation of WTSXM and early growth rate was .07 in the WR populations but .47 in the WR X L cross populations. Estimates of the genetic correlation of WTSXM with early growth rate were high, and uniform in sign in the WR X L cross populations but smaller in magnitude and variable in sign in the WR populations. The implications of these results with respect to WTSXM as a breeding objective are discussed. PMID- 6514657 TI - Nitrogen balance studies during modified fasting. AB - Protein or nitrogen depletion may be harmful and deleterious as reports of deaths in obese patients fed by liquid protein diets have shown. The aim of our studies was to determine the protein losses (by urinary nitrogen losses) during treatment of obesity with modified fasting over four weeks under inpatient conditions. Sixty-one patients were treated in our metabolic ward with modified fasting randomized into four groups. The daily diet consisted of 33-50 g protein/day, 1 10 g fat/day and 25-45 g carbohydrates/day thus providing 240 to 450 kcal/day or 1.0 to 1.9 MJ. The mean weight losses ranged between 11.0 +/- 0.7 kg and 13.9 +/- 0.9 kg in 28 days. The acceptability and compliance of the four applied diets were excellent and no severe side effects could be observed. The nitrogen balances could be equilibrated from the third week on. The composition of weight lost during modified fasting was as follows. The percentage of body protein ranged between 3% and 16% and the percentage of adipose tissue between 63% and 79% of the total weight loss. Therefore modified fasting represents a very effective and safe therapy of massive obesity. PMID- 6514659 TI - Genetics of growth and reproduction in the turkey. 9. Long-term selection for increased 16-week body weight. AB - Sixteen generations of selection of turkeys for increased 16-week body weight alone resulted in a large increase in body weight at 8, 16, 20, and 24 weeks of age of both males and females and at sexual maturity for females. The realized heritability for 16-week body weight was .29 +/- .02 for males and .24 +/- .01 for females. There was no significant effect on egg production during the first three generations of selection. However, egg production of the growth strain relative to the corresponding randombred control declined greatly during the next two generations. Eleven further generations of selection did not result in additional declines in egg production. These results suggest that the genetic correlation between 16-week body weight and egg production was zero initially, became strongly negative for Generations 4 and 5, and then ultimately returned to zero. Genetic increases in body weight were associated with decreases in intensity of lay with no effect on broodiness. Based on a subjective rating of deviation of legs and ability to walk, the legs of the growth strain were poorer than those of its corresponding randombred control in the last four generations of selection. This indicates that there is a positive genetic correlation between 16-week body weight and frequency of leg problems. Genetic increases in 16-week body weight were accompanied by increases in egg weight and a decrease in rate of response to stimulatory lighting. The effect on fertility was inconsistent. There was no effect on hatch of fertile eggs. PMID- 6514660 TI - Performance, behavior, plasma corticosterone, and economic returns of laying hens in several management alternatives. AB - Production, physiological, and behavioral data were collected simultaneously on commercial hens housed for 10 months of lay in housing alternatives of cages, deep litter floor pens, and outside range pens. Treatments consisted of housing 1, 2, or 3 hens in small cages 3, 4, 5, or 6 hens in large cages, floor pens housing 51 hens each at three densities, and range pens with 50 hens at .74 m2 (8 ft2) per hen. Egg production rates were greater for all caged hen treatments than for any floor or range groups. Egg numbers favored 2 hens per cage, but economic benefits favored 5 hens per cage. Viability was highest for 1 hen per cage and range pen groups. Feed efficiency was poorer in floor and range groups; however, body weight was generally greater for caged hens. Plasma corticosterone levels did not differ among any cage or range groups, but floor pen hens had significantly elevated levels. Behavioral data for walking and object pecking showed clear differences between cage and floor management alternatives. Preening, standing, and drinking activities were different between some treatments but not clearly different between management alternatives. Feeding activity did not differ among any groups. Although correlations between stress and well-being have not been well elucidated, the sum of the stressors of cage confinement appeared to be less than those from floor pens. Therefore, it was concluded that the well-being of hens in cages was equal to or better than that for free ranging hens or those in floor pens. PMID- 6514661 TI - The individual and combined effects of aflatoxin and ochratoxin A on various processing parameters of broiler chickens. AB - Male broilers (Hubbard X Hubbard) were placed at hatching into a completely randomized 2 X 2 X 2 factorial experimental design with the treatments consisting of 0 and 2.5 micrograms aflatoxin/g of feed (ppm) and 0 and 2.0 ppm ochratoxin A. In Trial 1, there were four replicate pens of 10 broilers per replicate at each treatment level. At 3 weeks of age two replicate pens were randomly selected and placed on control feed (0 to 3 weeks), the remaining two replicate pens were maintained on treatment (full-term). In Trial 2, there were three replicates of 38 broilers per replicate at each treatment level. At 3 weeks of age 13 broilers from each replicate pen were randomly selected and placed in separate housing and fed control diets (0 to 3 weeks). The remaining 25 broilers were kept on mycytoxin treatments until the conclusion of this trial (full-term). Data collected in these trials indicate that body weights of broilers were significantly (P less than .05) decreased by aflatoxin, ochratoxin A, and the combination treatments of the full term feeding regimen. Broilers partially recovered body weight in the 0 to 3-week feeding regimen; however, recovery was less rapid during ochratoxicosis compared to aflatoxicosis. Body weights of broilers in the combination treatment remained significantly (P less than .05) depressed throughout the trials. As body weight decreased, parts weights decreased accordingly. Carcass yield was significantly (P less than .05) decreased by all treatments, primarily by a decrease in breast yield.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6514662 TI - Development of cell-mediated immunity and resistance to clinical coccidiosis infection in chickens selected for resistance and susceptibility to Eimeria tenella. AB - The development of cell-mediated immunity (CMI) and resistance to clinical coccidiosis was determined in Auburn Strain Leghorn chickens previously selected for resistance and susceptibility to Eimeria tenella. Auburn Strain Leghorns selected for resistance (R Line) developed CMI and resistance to E. tenella challenge 2 weeks after receiving a commercial coccidiosis vaccine (CocciVac D). In contrast, Auburn Strain Leghorns selected for E. tenella susceptibility (S Line) did not develop significant CMI or resistance to clinical challenge infection until 6 weeks after receiving CocciVac D. The CMI was measured by the ability of chickens to develop a delayed hypersensitivity (DH) skin test response to an Eimeria oocyst antigen extract. Resistance to coccidiosis challenge infection was measured by percent weight gain, lesion scores, fecal scores, mortality, and oocyst output per gram of cecal contents at 7 days after challenge. Our research indicates that there is a strong correlation between innate resistance to coccidiosis and the ability of the chicken to recognize and mount a DH response to the parasite. PMID- 6514663 TI - Effect of litter treatment on broiler performance and certain litter quality parameters. AB - Litter-Aid, a product consisting primarily of ferrous sulfate but also containing propionic acid and magnesium and copper sulfate was incorporated into litter at three application rates (0, .73, and 1.46 kg/m2) to determine its effects on broiler chicken performance and various aspects of litter quality. In Trial 1, litter treatments were applied to litter used for two previous flocks with a 10 week layout period. In Trial 1, there were 10 replicate pens of 175 birds per treatment. In Trial 2, litter used in Trial 1 was retreated, after a 26-week layout period, at the same application rates as Trial 1 with five replicate pens of 175 birds per treatment. This product in Trial 1 at .73 kg/m2 and in Trial 2 at 1.46 kg/m2 significantly (P less than .05) increased body weight without affecting feed conversion or mortality. The product did not significantly (P less than .05) affect litter moisture or litter nitrogen levels, but significantly (P less than .05) decreased litter pH. However, even at the application rate of 1.46 kg/m2, litter pH values rose above 8 as the birds reached 7 weeks of age. This product had no effect on bacteria counts and significantly (P less than .05) increased mold counts. These data indicate that Litter-Aid can be used without detrimental effects on broiler performance or litter quality. PMID- 6514664 TI - Feed refusal during ochratoxicosis in turkeys. AB - Previous observations of feed refusal associated with apparent field outbreaks of ochratoxicosis in turkeys but not in chickens suggested that these species differed in response to ochratoxin or that different factors were involved in the field outbreaks. The recent development of laboratory models for the study of feed refusal syndromes in poultry permitted an evaluation of the problem. Pure ochratoxin A reduced the consumption of feed by young turkeys. Refusal of graded concentrations of ochratoxin A in feed was not detected in young chickens. These results, which suggested that feed refusal is a symptom of ochratoxicosis in turkeys but not in chickens, provide additional evidence that the aforementioned outbreaks were caused by ochratoxin and that ochratoxicosis is an emerging problem in the poultry industry. PMID- 6514665 TI - Characteristics of adipose tissue growth in broiler-type chickens to 22 weeks of age and the effects of dietary protein and lipid. AB - Female broiler-type chickens were fed diets containing different concentrations of protein and fat in two experiments. The first experiment was for 4 weeks. The mean weights of the abdominal fat pads were inversely related to dietary concentrations of protein between 20 and 35%. Adipocyte size and cellularity of the fat pads were lower with 30 than 20% protein. Fat deposition in the abdominal pad was increased in 3-week-old chicks by isocaloric substitution of oil for starch in the diets. At 4 weeks of age the effect of oil was not significant with 30 or 20% dietary protein (no measurements were made in chicks fed 35 or 25% protein). In Experiment 2, the development of the abdominal fat pad in birds fed 18 to 33% protein was monitored for 22 weeks. By 7 weeks the distribution of adipocyte size was bimodal. The initial adipocyte population showed comparatively little increase in numbers after 12 weeks, but cell size continued to increase. The numbers of adippcytes in the second population of adipocytes was still increasing rapidly at 22 weeks, although the size of the cells in this population remained small. At 22 weeks the small cells constituted 62% of the total adipocyte population but contained only 2.4% of the lipid in the fat pad. Adipocyte cell size was significantly affected by dietary protein and energy until 9 weeks of age, but the effects subsequently declined. PMID- 6514666 TI - Effect of dietary composition and estradiol implants on hepatic microsomal mixed function oxidase and lipid deposition in growing chicks. AB - Three experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of diet and estradiol (E2) administration on hepatic microsomal mixed function oxidase (MFO) activity, E2 metabolism, and liver lipid content in male broiler chicks. Broiler chicks (3 weeks of age) were fed either a corn-soybean (CS) diet or a diet containing fish meal, alfalfa meal, and torula yeast (FAY) for 19 days in Experiments 1 and 3 and for 14 days in Experiment 2, respectively. Half of the chicks were implanted with tubes containing E2. In all experiments when the chicks were estrogenized, feeding FAY significantly lowered liver lipid content and plasma E2 concentration. Activity of hepatic microsomal aniline hydroxylase and content of cytochrome P-450 were significantly increased by feeding FAY with or without E2 administration. The chicks fed the CS diet had a significantly lower content of cytochrome P-450 when E2 was administered. Activities of aminopyrine demethylase and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, reduced (NADPH)-cytochrome C reductase did not differ significantly between the diets. In in vitro studies, conversion of 14C-E2 into the water soluble fraction was significantly increased in microsomes from chicks fed the FAY diet as compared to ones from chicks fed the CS diet. The results suggest that some of the hepatic microsomal functions on the CS diet are modified by the change in diet composition and that these modifications are probably associated with E2 metabolism and occurrence of fatty liver. PMID- 6514667 TI - Effects of dietary saturated or unsaturated fatty acids and calcium levels on performance and mineral metabolism of broiler chicks. AB - The effects of inclusion of 8% oleic, palmitic, or a 50/50 mixture of oleic and palmitic acids as the major source of fat in the presence of .8, 1.2, or 1.6% calcium in broiler diets was investigated using broiler chicks from day-old to 3 weeks of age. Supplementation of broiler diets with oleic acid reduced feed intake (P less than .05) and improved feed efficiency (P less than .01) compared to other treatments. Chicks fed diets supplemented with oleic acid or a mixture of oleic and palmitic acid gained more weight (P less than .01) over a 3-week period. Significant interactions were observed between type of dietary fatty acid and calcium level on metabolizable energy of diets (P less than .01), magnesium retention (P less than .05), calcium and fat retention (P less than .01), and proportion of excreta fatty acid that was present as soap (P less than .01). Although all fatty acids tested formed soap in the small intestine, soaps of oleic acid were efficiently utilized as opposed to soaps of palmitic acid. There was a significant (P less than .05) reduction in bone ash and bone calcium content of chicks fed diets supplemented with palmitic acid. There was a significant interaction (P less than .05) between type of fatty acid and calcium level on bone magnesium content. Increasing the calcium content of diets aggravated the decrease in calcium retention and bone calcium content associated with addition of fat. PMID- 6514668 TI - Special calcium appetite in laying hens. AB - An experiment was conducted to study calcium appetite and dietary calcium level related to laying hen performance. The experiment consisted of three periods: pre experimental, training, and experimental. A total of 80 commercial strain laying hens (58 weeks old) were divided into two groups. One group (20 birds) served as a control throughout the experiment and was fed 3.5% dietary calcium without a free-choice calcium supplement. The other 60 birds were randomly divided into 3 sets of 20 and were all fed 3.5% dietary calcium for a pre-experimental period (13 days) as an adaptation period to a new environment prior to a training period (5 weeks). Dietary calcium level was decreased by .5% each week through the 5th week (to 1% Ca) for all 60 hens during the training period. The birds were given access to a free-choice calcium supplement (calcium carbonate granules) during both the pre-experimental and training periods. This dietary regimen was used in an effort to allow all hens to adapt to a supplemental feeding program and be prepared or conditioned for sudden changes in dietary calcium level. At the end of the training period, the 3 sets of 20 hens were fed either 1, 3, or 5% dietary calcium and a free-choice calcium supplement for 6 weeks. As dietary calcium level was increased, there was a decrease in free-choice supplemental calcium intake; however, all birds (except controls) consumed very large amounts of calcium. The training procedure was successful: no hens rejected the supplement. Neither dietary calcium level nor total calcium intake affected feed intake.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6514669 TI - The effect of clomiphene-citrate on broody turkey hens. AB - The effect of clomiphene-citrate (CC) on broody turkey hens was examined in three experiments. Turkey hens were categorized as broody if found in the laying nest during 6 successive checks per day, if they were reluctant to leave the nest for a period of 24 hr or more, if they had ruffled feathers, and if their cloacal orifices were contracted so as to prevent vaginal exposure by abdominal massage during artificial insemination. In each experiment, 20 hens, selected as broody from commercial breeding flocks, were treated; half were treated with CC at a dosage of 6 mg/kg body weight/day (per os) for 5 consecutive days, and the rest (control) received parallel treatment with a placebo (CaCO3). In all experiments, the CC administration alleviated brooding behavior and increased egg production. PMID- 6514670 TI - Changes in serum corticosterone concentration of laying hens as a response to increased population density. AB - The response of adrenal glands of Single Comb White Leghorn laying hens housed under different population densities was studied. The birds were reared in floor pens until they were 19 weeks of age, after which they were housed in cages. Cage size was 30.5 X 50.8 cm. Three, four, or five birds were housed per cage. Corticosterone concentrations were measured in all birds 48 and 96 hr following housing in cages and weekly thereafter for 6 weeks. Corticosterone concentrations were consistently higher in the serum of birds housed five per cage than in birds housed three or four per cage. It was concluded that in order to minimize physiological stress in cage layers, more than 387 cm2 per bird should be considered. PMID- 6514671 TI - Fluorometric determination of avian sperm viability and concentration. AB - A fluorometric technique for the evaluation of avian semen quality was studied. The fluorometric technique was precise, accurate, and rapid for simultaneous determination of concentration and percent damaged or dead spermatozoa. PMID- 6514672 TI - Effect of parathyroid hormone on total phosphate and inorganic phosphate in blood, plasma, and urine of domestic fowl. AB - Previous work has shown that parathyroid hormone causes the kidneys of domestic fowl to secrete inorganic phosphate (Pi) into the urine. Secreted Pi is not derived directly from plasma Pi. The objective of the present study was to determine if direct or indirect correlations exist between the urinary Pi excretion rate and the concentration of phosphate in plasma or whole blood. Parathyroid hormone dissolved in gelatin carrier vehicle was injected into immature domestic fowl to cause net renal Pi secretion. Control birds were injected with carrier vehicle alone, resulting in net Pi reabsorption. Urine, plasma, and whole blood samples obtained during net Pi secretion were compared with samples obtained during net Pi reabsorption. Each sample was assayed for total and inorganic phosphate. Neither time course nor point by point comparisons of individual samples provided any evidence that secreted Pi is derived from organic phosphate in plasma or whole blood. These experiments suggest that phosphate pools within the kidneys may serve as a source for the Pi that is secreted in response to parathyroid hormone. PMID- 6514673 TI - [Cavity dynamics in tuberculosis--attempt at a mathematical description]. PMID- 6514674 TI - [Characteristics of oscillatory respiratory respiratory resistance determination in childhood]. PMID- 6514675 TI - [Leiomyomas of the lung]. PMID- 6514676 TI - [Plasma cortisol level, hematocrit and hemoglobin value as well as erythrocyte count and differential blood picture in twice-daily budesonide inhalation therapy]. PMID- 6514677 TI - [Endobronchial invasion of hilar tuberculous lymph nodes (in an adult female)]. PMID- 6514678 TI - Isolation and characterization of Vicia faba lectin affinity purified on chitin column. AB - A lectin from early long pod var. of Vicia faba seed has been purified to homogeneity on chitin. The purified lectin is shown to be homogeneous in nature by Bio Gel P - 150 gel filtration, fast protein liquid chromatography and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The lectin is a glycoprotein with molecular weight of 51,000. The lectin molecule is possibly composed of two types of subunits devoid of any covalent linking through sulfhydryl groups, with molecular weights 9,000 and 15,000 respectively in the ratio 2:2. The purified lectin shows a high affinity for N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (GlcNAc). Amino acid analyses show that cysteine and methionine are absent, and a high proportion of aspartic acid and glutamic acid are present in the protein molecule. The extinction coefficient of the purified lectin is 7.22. The lectin behaves as a 'cold agglutinin' displaying stronger agglutination than the naturally occurring ABO agglutinin in the cold. PMID- 6514679 TI - [Free and bound hydroxyproline in patients with diabetes mellitus]. AB - Collagen metabolism was studied in 120 male patients with diabetes mellitus of different standing and severity. Collagen metabolism was assessed on the basis of free and peptide-bound blood hydroxyproline (FH and PBH). Collagen distruction prevailed over its biosynthesis in development and progress of diabetic microangiopathies, that resulted in the increased FH/PBH coefficient. Prolonged multimodality therapy of diabetes vascular complications led to a decrease in the FH level and simultaneous growth of PBH concentrations in the blood. The FH/PBH coefficient is an informative test for monitoring the vascular status in diabetes mellitus; this coefficient may be an indicator of the efficacy of treatment of diabetic microangiopathies. PMID- 6514680 TI - [Indicators of phagocytic activity of neutrophils in patients with diabetes mellitus before and after treatment using the "Biostator"]. AB - Phagocytic function of polymorphonuclear leukocytes was studied in patients with insulin-dependent and insulin-independent diabetes. A total of 52 patients were examined; the patients were mainly young, suffering from insulin-dependent diabetes with or without angiopathies. The leukocyte phagocytic activity was studied with the use of the direct method developed by G. I. Podoprigora and V. N. Andreev in 1976. All phagocytosis parameters were shown to be reduced, the relationship between these parameters distorted, and digestion impaired, especially in patients with diabetic functional angiopathy and with the Kimmelstiel-Wilson syndrome. A trial is described of correcting phagocytosis disorders by means of a Biostator apparatus (an artificial pancreas, functioning according to the feedblack principle). Such investigation was the first attempted in this country, no data on the leukocyte phagocytic activity before and after treatment with the use of an artificial pancreas apparatus were reported in foreign literature. Clinical application of the method is described. PMID- 6514681 TI - [Placental ultrastructure in women with impaired glucose tolerance during pregnancy]. AB - Ultrastructure of the placenta in women with disturbed glucose tolerance, detected during pregnancy, was found to differ from that in healthy women after precipitate spontaneous labor. The principal distinctions were signs appearing at the subcellular level of slower trophoblastic maturation and enhancement of the active forms of placental transport function at the end of pregnancy. Changes of placental ultrastructure cannot be regarded as specific for diabetes mellitus, for they may be observed in other pathologic conditions of the mother and fetus as well and are probably related to trophoblast hypoxia. PMID- 6514683 TI - [Diagnostic difficulties in giant pheochromocytoma]. PMID- 6514682 TI - [Testicular tumors in male pseudohermaphroditism]. AB - The data are summarized on the incidence and morphofunctional characteristics of gonadal tumors in different varieties of false male hermaphroditism, namely the testicular feminization syndrome (marked and unmarked forms), demonstrable masculinization and dysgenesis and compared with the disease clinical manifestations. The two syndromes--testicular feminization (marked form) and dysgenesis were found to be associated with a high risk of cancer development. In the first case there develop sertolioma-like tumors and in the second one, tumors similar to gonocytoma and dysgerminoma. These tumors became malignant in rare cases, they did not recur or metastasize. The treatment schedule for such patients has been developed. It includes the removal of the tumor-affected gonads and transfer of the tumor-free gonads into subcutaneous abdominal or scrotal areas and administration (during castration) of continuous substitution hormonotherapy according to the sex chosen. PMID- 6514684 TI - [Nuclease sensitivity and methylation of chromatin DNA of the rat liver in the initial period of glucocorticoid activity]. AB - Structure and function of liver chromatin of adrenalectomized rats 3.5 h after hydrocortisone administration were studied. It was shown that despite changes in chromatin function under hormonal action (transcription enhancement and DNA synthesis inhibition), the level of nuclear DNA methylation and its sensitivity to DNase 1 were not markedly changed. This means that hormone-activated genome loci originally possess DNase 1 sensitive "potentially active" conformation. PMID- 6514685 TI - [Type II glucocorticoid receptors in tissues of adrenalectomized rats]. AB - In experiments on adrenalectomized Wistar male rats, weighing 100 to 110 g, the content of type II glucocorticoid receptors in the different tissues was studied. Dissociation constants and the number of binding sites were determined by Sketchard's method, using labelled triamcinolone acetonide with a high specific activity. It was shown that the maximum level (279 fmole/mg protein) of type II glucocorticoid receptors was found in hepatic cytosol and the minimum one (44 fmole/mg protein) in pulmonary cytosol. Dissociation constants of the glucocorticoid receptor-hormone complex in cytosol of the different tissues did not markedly differ (0.77 X 10(-8) M to 1.1 X 10(-8) M). PMID- 6514686 TI - [Effect of adebit (N-butylbiguanide) on the metabolism and oxidation of glucose in rat tissues in vitro]. AB - The effect of adebit (N-butylbiguanide) on the rat tissues in vitro, namely, on sugar consumption and transport, glucose oxidation, as well as on gluconeogenesis in the rat organism, was studied. Glucose consumption and D-xylose transport in the diaphragms of intact animals and glucose consumption and oxidation in the epididymal fat of rats, given hydrocortisone, were determined. Gluconeogenesis intensity under adebit action was investigated according to the blood sugar level following adrenaline injections to rats after 24-hour fasting. It was established that the administration of adebit at concentrations of 0.2 to 0.5 mM results in intensified insulin-independent glucose consumption and xylose transport in the diaphragm, the maximum transport rate being augmented and the dissociation constant remaining unchanged. It is concluded that adebit does not change the properties of sugar transmitter, but influences the cell metabolism by inhibiting oxidative phosphorylation. The use of adebit in therapeutic concentrations (5 to 10 mcM) gave an insulin-dependent rise of glucose consumption and oxidation in the fatty tissue by 44%. A decrease in the blood sugar level in the presence of adrenaline hyperglycemia under the action of adebit therapeutic doses was not observed. It is concluded that biguanide hypoglycemizing action in diabetes mellitus is based on the biguanide potentiated insulin effectiveness. PMID- 6514687 TI - [Lipid content of mitochondrial membranes of the rat liver in alloxan diabetes]. AB - Lipid content of liver mitochondrial membranes was studied in rats with alloxan diabetes. It was shown that the concentration of mitochondrial neutral lipids rose, whereas phospholipid content in the external membrane descended and that in the internal membrane ascended. The level of mitochondrial phospholipid saturated fatty acids tended toward increase. Phospholipid-composing phosphatidylserine and cardiolipin underwent the greatest changes. It is suggested that in alloxan diabetes, the mitochondrial membrane becomes more rigid at the expense of high cholesterol and saturated fatty acid concentrations. The changes in phospholipid content seem to be due to endogenous phospholipase activation. PMID- 6514688 TI - [Central hemodynamics, effectiveness of endocardial blood flow and general physical work capacity in impaired glucose tolerance and diabetes mellitus]. AB - The end diastolic pressure, myocardial viability index and other parameters of myocardial contractility, as well as central hemodynamics and general physical working capacity were studied in 120 subjects, including 20 subjects with impaired glucose tolerance, 80 patients with diabetes mellitus, and a control group of 20 healthy subjects. In impaired glucose tolerance, a tendency to reduced endocardial blood flow and myocardial contractility as well as elevated end diastolic pressure were observed. The physical working capacity remained within normal. In decompensated diabetes mellitus, the efficacy of endocardial blood flow considerably reduced, the end diastolic pressure rose more than twofold, myocardial contractility deteriorated, the stroke volume decreased, the general physical working capacity sharply fell. In compensated diabetes mellitus, versus decompensated one, subendocardial perfusion and myocardial contractility improved, stroke volume increased; the exercise tolerance threshold rose but did not reach normal. PMID- 6514689 TI - [Work capacity status of patients cured of pulmonary tuberculosis]. PMID- 6514690 TI - [Clinical manifestations of tuberculosis and chemotherapy in adolescents]. PMID- 6514691 TI - [Problems in the early detection of recurrences of tuberculosis of the respiratory organs during mass screening of the entire population]. PMID- 6514692 TI - [Tuberculosis of the intrathoracic lymph nodes in the older children and adolescents of today]. PMID- 6514693 TI - [Panoramic radiography and tomography in the diagnosis of post-resection changes in the lungs in tuberculosis patients]. PMID- 6514694 TI - [Use of radiopneumopoligraphy in the diagnosis of respiratory function disorders in patients with fibro-cavernous pulmonary tuberculosis]. PMID- 6514695 TI - [Stereobronchography in patients with infiltrative pulmonary tuberculosis]. PMID- 6514696 TI - [Features of the chemotherapy of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis complicated by chronic active hepatitis]. PMID- 6514697 TI - [Use of proteinase inhibitors and vitamin E in the complex therapy of destructive pulmonary tuberculosis and secondary amyloidosis]. PMID- 6514698 TI - [Ways of improving the quality of uniform fluorography of the rural population]. PMID- 6514699 TI - [Relation between the efficacy of complex therapy of patients with destructive pulmonary tuberculosis and the duration of rifampicin administration]. PMID- 6514700 TI - [Treatment of newly diagnosed patients with disseminated destructive pulmonary tuberculosis]. PMID- 6514701 TI - [Evaluation of the biological activity of BCG vaccine using a viability test]. PMID- 6514702 TI - [Interaction of antitubercular preparations with heparin]. PMID- 6514704 TI - [Clinico-radiologic features of disseminated pulmonary tuberculosis]. PMID- 6514703 TI - [Vocational rehabilitation of patients with reactivation of pulmonary tuberculosis]. PMID- 6514705 TI - [Formation of residual changes after successful treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis]. PMID- 6514706 TI - [Treatment of patients with recurrences of pulmonary tuberculosis]. PMID- 6514707 TI - [Causes of primary disability as a result of tuberculosis]. PMID- 6514708 TI - Description and distribution of the subtypes of chronic schizophrenia based on Leonhard's classification. AB - Prior to the introduction of neuroleptics a lack of interest in complex classifications of the chronic schizophrenias was due to the lack of effective treatment. With the recognition of neuroleptic response heterogeneity, and of the hazards of long-term neuroleptic administration, interest in subtype classification such as that of Leonhard has grown. A simplification of the Leonhard scheme is presented. The first distinction drawn is between systematic or process schizophrenia and nonsystematic or episodic schizophrenia. Both groups are further subdivided according to whether the symptomatology is dominated by cognitive, affective or motor features. In the case of the systemic schizophrenias, further subdivision of the 3 major types is made on the basis of both severity and specific symptom characteristics. If such a scheme were a natural or biologically-based classification, rather than merely an artificial subdivision of schizophrenia, one might expect that similar proportions of the different subtypes would be found in independently selected samples. Preliminary data composing subtype proportions in Leonhard's original group, a population reported by Astrup, and a recently obtained international sample are presented. Some significant correlations between the samples are observed, and despite methodological short comings, the similarities in the distribution of subtypes across time and across countries give some support to Leonhard's taxonomy. PMID- 6514709 TI - Morphology of the dentition in young adults. An epidemiological study on Finnish students. PMID- 6514710 TI - Dental caries models: effects of sucrose modified by fluoride and magnesium. PMID- 6514711 TI - Nutrition and dental decay. PMID- 6514712 TI - Our society in the 1980s. PMID- 6514713 TI - Heart rate changes due to 5.6-GHz radiofrequency radiation: relation to average power density. AB - Effects of intermittent exposure to 5.6-GHz radiofrequency radiation (RFR) on heart rate, blood pressure, and respiratory rate were examined in anesthetized rats. During exposure to 60 mW/cm2 which resulted in a 1 degree C change in colonic temperature, heart rate increased; the values returned to control levels after exposure was discontinued. No changes in mean arterial blood pressure or in respiratory rate were observed. Exposure to 30 mW/cm2 caused no significant changes in heart rate, blood pressure, or respiratory rate. The data indicate that heart rate changes during exposure to 5.6-GHz RFR are related to the average power density applied, and thus to the rate of change in temperature, and not simply to the absolute change in temperature. PMID- 6514714 TI - The effects of streptozotocin diabetes and of dietary protein content on the composition and metabolism of testicular lipids. AB - The effect of streptozotocin-induced diabetes on the fatty acid composition and metabolism in testes of rats on diets varying in protein content has been investigated. The protein content of the diet (40, 20, 5%) had little or no effect on essential fatty acid metabolism during the 2 weeks following injection of streptozotocin, but the 5% diet resulted in a high rate of mortality for diabetic rats. Increased amounts of octadeca-9,12-dienoic (linoleic or 18:2) acid and of eicosa-8,11,14-trienoic (dihomo-gamma-linolenic or 20:3) acid and decreased amounts of eicosa-5,8,11,14-tetraenoic (arachidonic or 20:4) acid were observed in testes of some but not all diabetic compared to pair-fed control rats 2 weeks after injection of streptozotocin. Incorporation of 14C from [14C]18:2 into testicular lipids of these rats was determined 26 hr after intratesticular injection. In some rats there was a greater amount of 14C in eicosa-11,14-dienoic acid (dihomolinoleic acid or 20:2) and 20:3 and less 14C in 20:4 of testes of diabetic than in those of control rats. The suggested impairment in conversion of 18:2 to 20:4 was studied further by using [14C]20:3 as the substrate for intratesticular injection. Four hours after administration of the [14C]polyene there was more 14C in 20:3 and less 14C in 20:4 and in docosa-7,10,13,16 tetraenoic (adrenic or 22:4) acid in testes of diabetic than in those of control rats. The results indicate that in diabetic rats at least one enzyme responsible for the decreased conversion of 18:2 to 20:4 is the delta 5-desaturase. PMID- 6514715 TI - The subcellular distribution of beta-carotene in bovine corpus luteum. AB - The distribution of beta-carotene was determined in various subcellular fractions of bovine corpus luteum. It was found in significant amounts in all subcellular fractions examined including nuclear, mitochondrial, microsomal, cytosolic, and floating lipid. Much of the beta-carotene found in the crude nuclear and mitochondrial fractions was loosely bound and could be removed with repeated washings. In contrast, the microsomal beta-carotene could only be removed by detergent extraction suggesting that it is an integral component of this membrane preparation. In the cytosol fraction beta-carotene was bound to high-molecular weight protein(s), quite possibly a plasma-derived lipoprotein. The subcellular distribution of beta-carotene in corpus luteum is quite similar to the distribution of its metabolite, retinol, in liver. This finding coupled with other recently published data suggests that beta-carotene could play a distinct role in corpora lutea function. PMID- 6514716 TI - Thyroid hormone concentrations in rats after chronic nicotine metabolite administration. AB - In an attempt to evaluate the observed relationship of chronic cigarette smoking and reduced thyroid hormone activity, the major urinary metabolites of nicotine were administered to rats for 78 weeks. The animals were divided equally into one control (n = 33) and three treatment groups. Treatment group 1 received 0.1% (w/v continine, group 2 received 0.02% pure trans-nicotine-N'-oxide, and group 3 received 0.02% of a trans/cis mixture (64/36%) of nicotine-N'-oxide. Plasma and urinary nicotine and cotinine concentrations were determined as well as a variety of thyroid hormone parameters. Pure trans-nicotine-N'-oxide was more extensively metabolized to its cotinine end product, relative to the diasteromeric N'-oxides, mixture. Serum triiodothyronine (T3) was markedly reduced in animals receiving nicotine-N'-oxides, but was not different in the cotinine treatment group when compared to control values. A reduction in serum thyroxine (T4) values was noted only among those rats receiving the pure trans-nicotine-N'-oxide. The T3/T4 ratio, free T3 index, T3 uptake, and rT3 were altered in animals receiving nicotine-N'-oxides. These findings indicate that specific nicotine metabolites alter thyroid hormone concentrations after chronic low-dose administration and possibly do so through back conversion to the parent compound, nicotine. PMID- 6514717 TI - Purine metabolism in high and low uric acid lines of chickens: de novo uric acid synthesis in isolated hepatocytes and phosphoribosylpyrophosphate amidotransferase activities. AB - The de novo biosynthesis of uric acid was examined in isolated hepatocytes from the high and low uric acid lines of chickens. Rates of incorporation of radiolabeled glycine into uric acid by hepatocytes from the high uric acid (HUA) line were approximately 3.6-fold greater than found in low uric acid (LUA) control hepatocytes. Uric acid synthesis rates in these cells were positively correlated with plasma uric acid levels (r = +0.77; P less than 0.01). The activity of phosphoribosylpyrophosphate (PRPP) amidotransferase was measured in acetone powder preparations from liver and kidney tissues of the HUA and LUA lines. Activities in kidney tissues were about 21% lower than those found in livers. PRPP amidotransferase activities in liver and kidney tissues did not correlate significantly with plasma uric acid levels. The increased synthesis of uric acid in the HUA line may be the result of the increased PRPP synthetase activities and PRPP pool sizes previously reported for these tissues. PMID- 6514718 TI - The effects of naloxone on canine splanchnic arterial smooth muscle. AB - The pharmacological properties of naloxone on vascular smooth muscle in vitro were examined using canine mesenteric arterial segments. Naloxone exerted two different effects on the artery: (A) naloxone at a high concentration (3 X 10(-4) M) produced a nonspecific vasodilation; and (B) naloxone at lower concentrations (3 X 10(-7), 3 X 10(-6), and 3 X 10(-5) M) augmented the vasoconstrictor effects of epinephrine and norepinephrine without altering KCl- or serotonin-induced constriction. Naloxone's augmenting effect on epinephrine-induced constriction was dose dependent. Even when the arterial strips were incubated in low calcium (0.8 mM) or calcium free Kreb's solution, naloxone (3 X 10(-5) M) still augmented epinephrine-induced constriction. With respect to naloxone's effect on another alpha-adrenoreceptor agonist, naloxone (3 X 10(-5) M) failed to alter phenylephrine-induced constriction. Naloxone's augmenting effect on norepinephrine-induced constriction was abolished when the specimens were incubated with 10(-5) M normetanephrine, while naloxone (3 X 10(-5) M) still augmented the constriction even when the specimens were incubated with 10(-5) M cocaine. These results suggest that naloxone at lower concentrations may augment the constrictor responses to catecholamines, at least in part, by inhibiting the extraneuronal uptake of those catecholamines. PMID- 6514719 TI - Effect of estrogen on lysosomal enzyme activities in rat heart. AB - The activities per microgram DNA of five lysosomal enzymes [cathepsin D, cathepsin B, beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase (beta-NAG), beta-glucuronidase, and acid phosphatase] were measured in homogenates of female and male rat (Sprague Dawley) hearts. Female rats were studied during stages of the estrous cycle and at 3 weeks after ovariectomy. Three-week-postovariectomized female rats and intact male rats were injected subcutaneously with 17 beta-estradiol-3-benzoate. Lysosomal enzyme activities in the male rat heart were more responsive to exogenous estradiol than were activities in the female rat heart. Cathepsin B, beta-NAG, and beta-glucuronidase were increased dramatically in the male rat heart upon short-term administration of estrogen (4 days). In both female and male rat hearts, activities of two lysosomal proteinases, cathepsins B and D, were reduced significantly (approximately 50%) by extended administration of estrogen for 10 days. PMID- 6514720 TI - Benzo[a]pyrene uptake by serum lipids: correlation with triglyceride concentration. AB - An in vitro study of the relationship between benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) association with serum lipoproteins (LP) and LP composition was conducted using human subjects. BaP partitioning into different serum LP ranged from 53 to 71% of available BaP. Efficiency of BaP partitioning was examined for the relationship with lipid components of different sera. The data indicate that triglyceride (TG) concentrations were more directly correlated with BaP uptake than were concentrations of other LP components. Adjusting sera to a uniform TG concentration (96.5 mg/dl) resulted in the same BaP uptake for each serum type, while adjusting sera to contain a uniform cholesteryl ester concentration (104.6 mg/dl) did not result in similar BaP uptake among serum types. Analysis of serum LP composition suggested that marked differences in both BaP uptake and serum TG concentrations among the subjects were due mainly to differences in serum very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) concentrations. A correlation study using 14 human subjects showed that serum TG concentration was the best predictor (r = 0.973, P less than 0.001) for BaP uptake by serum, followed by phospholipid (r = 0.658, P less than 0.01) and total cholesterol (r = 0.514, P less than 0.05) concentrations. The results indicate that serum TG concentration (typically VLDL TG) may be the primary factor affecting BaP uptake by serum LP, and suggest that a small change in serum TG concentration could cause a significant increase in BaP uptake by serum LP, contributing to an increased level of circulating carcinogen. PMID- 6514721 TI - In vitro studies of prolactin inhibition of luteinizing hormone action on Leydig cells of rats and mice. AB - Previous in vivo studies have shown that in male rabbits prolactin inhibits the testosterone production stimulated by luteinizing hormone (LH) or human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). This inhibition has now been studied in vitro using both mouse and rat testicular interstitial cells. First, the dose response of human LH (hLH) stimulation of testosterone was studied in detail using testicular interstitial cells from both species. Next, a small but stimulatory dose of hLH was selected and extensive prolactin doses were studied in vitro. NIH B-6 (bovine) prolactin in varying doses was added to the interstitial cells 30 min prior to the addition of a constant dose of hLH. Under these circumstances prolactin inhibited LH action over a wide range of doses. In both species a biphasic dose-response curve existed: large doses of 100 to 1000 ng/ml produced less inhibition or augmented LH action, compared to smaller doses. Next, entire hLH dose-response curves were produced in the presence of three doses of prolactin (0.33, 33, and 1000 ng/ml) as well as in the absence of prolactin. The addition of prolactin shifted the hLH dose-response curve to the right and depressed the maximal response in comparison to the curve without prolactin. Finally, inhibitory doses of prolactin resulted in no detectable change in LH receptor number as estimated from Scatchard plots. It is concluded that prolactin inhibits LH action on interstitial cells as determined by rate of testosterone production except at very large doses of prolactin where LH action is less inhibited or augmented. The inhibitory action of prolactin in this in vitro interstitial cell assay was not accompanied by a decrease in LH receptor number. Thus, a postreceptor action is likely to be involved. PMID- 6514722 TI - Lipopolysaccharide of Legionella as adjuvant for intrinsic and extrinsic antigens. AB - Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) isolated from Legionella species was found to be a potent adjuvant. When Legionella LPS was injected into animals as aqueous mixture or oil emulsion with protein antigens, it potentiated humoral antibody titers to these antigens by four- to sixfold. The LPS also acted as an intrinsic adjuvant to induce delayed hypersensitivity to the cross-reacting protein antigens present in cells of Legionella species, providing a potentially useful means for detecting legionellosis by skin test. The adjuvanticity of Legionella LPS was comparable in potency to Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Ra in Freund's complete adjuvant. However, Legionella LPS caused much less tissue inflammation and appeared to function differently in some aspects. PMID- 6514723 TI - Thrombospondin plays a role in platelet-platelet recognition during release related aggregation. AB - Fixed platelets, bearing covalently bound fibrinogen, participate passively in aggregation of fresh platelets when the aggregation process is release related (G. Agam and A. Livne, Thromb Haemostasis 51:145-149, 1984). Inhibition of the release by aspirin abolishes the capability of the fresh platelets activated by 10 microM ADP to interact with the fixed platelets. A supernatant fraction from fresh platelets activated by 10 microM ADP (releasate) reconstitutes the interaction. Purified thrombospondin (TSP) replaces the releasate. Moreover, anti TSP antibodies abolish the reconstituting effect of the releasate. It is concluded that TSP plays a role in the molecular mechanism of platelet-platelet recognition during release-related aggregation. PMID- 6514724 TI - Epithelial calcium and phosphate transport. Molecular and cellular aspects. Proceedings of the Second International Workshop on Calcium and Phosphate Across Biomembranes. Vienna, Austria, March 5-7, 1984. PMID- 6514725 TI - Regulation of transepithelial sodium transport by intracellular calcium. PMID- 6514726 TI - Measurement of cytosolic free calcium in isolated mammalian cells with aequorin incorporated by the hypoosmotic shock treatment (host). PMID- 6514727 TI - Monitoring intracellular free Ca in resealed ghosts by means of arsenazo III. PMID- 6514728 TI - Electrophysiological correlates of secretion in normal human parathyroid cells. PMID- 6514729 TI - Single cell recording of quin 2 fluorescence. PMID- 6514730 TI - The indirect effect of Ca2+ on liver and kidney cytosol phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase activity. PMID- 6514731 TI - Calcium uptake by intestinal Golgi and basolateral membrane vesicles: ATP and vitamin D dependence. PMID- 6514732 TI - Renal distribution of the 10,000 dalton vitamin D-dependent calcium-binding protein in neonatal rats. PMID- 6514733 TI - Mitochondrial phosphate transport protein: purification from different tissues, immunological cross-reactivities, reconstitution, and turnover number in the rat liver mitochondrial membrane. PMID- 6514734 TI - Phosphate transport across brush border and basolateral membrane vesicles of small intestine. PMID- 6514735 TI - Vitamin D activates intestinal Na+/Pi transport by differential effects on luminal membrane and carrier properties. PMID- 6514736 TI - Effect of lactose on intestinal phosphate transport. PMID- 6514737 TI - Effect of calcium on the transport properties of intestinal brush border vesicles. PMID- 6514738 TI - Intracellular protein topogenesis. PMID- 6514739 TI - Membrane and molecular aspects of Ca2+ uptake and release in sarcoplasmic reticulum from skeletal muscle. PMID- 6514740 TI - Sodium-dependent inorganic phosphate (Pi) transport and adaptation to low Pi concentration medium in LLC-PK1 cells. PMID- 6514741 TI - Kinetics of phosphate uptake by brush border membranes (BBM) from superficial and deep cortex. PMID- 6514742 TI - Characteristics of phosphate-binding proteolipid isolated from rat kidney brush border membrane. PMID- 6514743 TI - Calcium transport and vitamin D metabolism in the spontaneously hypertensive rat and normotensive Wistar-Kyoto control rat. PMID- 6514744 TI - Renal calcium and phosphate handling in the spontaneously hypertensive rat and normotensive Wistar-Kyoto control rat. PMID- 6514745 TI - Calciphorin-calcium carrier in artificial membranes. PMID- 6514746 TI - Role of Ca++ as a regulator of Na+ permeability in epithelia. PMID- 6514748 TI - Development of reversible and irreversible inhibitors of Na+/Ca2+ exchange in pituitary plasma membrane vesicles. PMID- 6514747 TI - A model for the cardiac sodium-calcium exchange carrier. PMID- 6514749 TI - The voltage-sensitivity of Na-Ca exchange in the squid axon. PMID- 6514750 TI - Properties of Na+/Ca2+ exchange in epithelial plasma membranes from rat kidney cortex and rat duodenum. PMID- 6514751 TI - Biological perspectives on aggression. PMID- 6514752 TI - Physical pain and the inclination to aggression. PMID- 6514753 TI - Effects of cigarette smoking on human aggressive behavior. AB - Nicotine administered by smoking experimental cigarettes produced decreases in two types of aggressive responses elicited by low and high frequency subtractions of money which were attributed to another "person". The suppressing effects of smoking different doses of nicotine on aggressive responses was dose-dependent, in that smoking the high dose of nicotine produced more suppression than smoking the low dose. The ostensible subtraction of money from another "person", the more aggressive response option available to research subjects, was generally more sensitive to the suppressing effects of nicotine than aggressive noise delivery responses. Although this effect could be attributed to another constituent of tobacco, the dose-dependent effect observed with these cigarettes which contained the same amount of tar suggest the effects are due to nicotine. The relatively selective suppression of aggressive behavior observed in humans in the present study is highly consistent with the effects of nicotine observed in a number of infrahuman species. Nicotine has been found to suppress aggressive behavior in ants (Kostowski 1968), rats (Silverman 1971), and cats (Berntson et. al. 1976). In addition, nicotine has been observed to suppress shock elicited fighting in rats (Driscoll, Baettig 1981; Rodgers 1979; Waldbillig 1980) as well as shock elicited biting in monkeys (Hutchinson, Emley 1973). The importance of determining specificity of drug action on aggressive behavior has been repeatedly emphasized in the field of behavioral pharmacology (Sidman 1959; Cook, Kelleher 1963; Thompson, Boren 1977; Miczek, Krsiak 1979). One method employed to evaluate drug specificity and identify a general non-specific excitatory or depressant drug effect is to determine the drug effect on more than one response option which is available to the subject (Sidman 1959). In this study, the same doses of nicotine which suppressed aggressive responding increased nonaggressive monetary reinforcement responses. This indicates that the suppressing effects of nicotine on human aggressive responses was not due to a non-specific and generalized depression action. This selective action is similar to that observed by Hutchinson and Emley (1973) when they observed that nicotine decreased shock elicited biting in monkeys while increasing anticipatory manual responses preceding shock. The highly selective and specific suppressing effect of nicotine on aggressive behavior provides a consistent observation in species ranging from insects to man. PMID- 6514754 TI - Applicability of animal models to human aggression. PMID- 6514755 TI - Animal analogues of human aggression: studies of social experience and escalation. PMID- 6514756 TI - The dog as a model for human aggression. PMID- 6514757 TI - Transdermal therapeutic systems (Part 1). PMID- 6514758 TI - Polymorphism of the analgesic 6-benzoylbenzoxazolidinone (CERM 10194). PMID- 6514759 TI - The microelectrophoretic properties of solid particles in the presence of nonionic water-soluble cellulose polymers. PMID- 6514760 TI - [Systemic availability of prednisolone following oral administration of prednisone]. PMID- 6514762 TI - [In vitro dissolution: study of the SM 16751 apparatus and the importance of results for the evaluation of bioavailability]. PMID- 6514761 TI - [Solid dispersions of papaverine lauryl sulfate in polyoxyethyleneglycol 4000]. PMID- 6514763 TI - [Use of plant-protective agents in the cultivation of medicinal plants]. PMID- 6514764 TI - [Aloe, a succulent plant with therapeutic action]. PMID- 6514766 TI - Effects of repeated methamphetamine administration on methamphetamine self administration in rhesus monkeys. AB - The effects of prolonged exposure to high doses of stimulants on stimulant self administration in rhesus monkeys have not been established. In the present experiment, rates of methamphetamine self-administration as well as the effects of methamphetamine on food-maintained responding were determined before and after a regimen of repeated methamphetamine injections. Increases in self administration of some doses of methamphetamine as well as tolerance to the rate decreasing effects of the drug on food-maintained responding were observed following the repeated injection regimen. The results suggest that while tolerance may develop to the rate-decreasing effects of the drug, there may be an increased sensitivity to its reinforcing properties. In addition, since this injection regimen has been shown in previous studies to deplete central monoamines, especially dopamine, the results suggest a role for these monoamines in these behavioral effects of methamphetamine. PMID- 6514765 TI - Repeated treatment with antidepressant drugs prevents salbutamol-induced hypoactivity in rats. AB - We have found earlier that a number of antidepressant drugs, administered repeatedly, prevent the salbutamol-induced hypoactivity in rats. Our further experiments show that a similar effect is produced by repeated, but not acute, treatment with other antidepressants: clomipramine, mianserin and nialamide. Two non-antidepressant psychotropic drugs, haloperidol and diazepam, were inactive after repeated administration. These results seem to support our earlier hypothesis that prevention of the salbutamol-induced hypoactivity may be regarded as functional evidence at the behavioral level for the subsitivity of beta adrenoceptors. PMID- 6514767 TI - Interval and ratio reinforcement contingencies as determinants of methadone's effects. AB - The effects of methadone hydrochloride on lever pressing rats maintained under multiple fixed-interval and fixed-ratio, or multiple variable-interval and variable-ratio reinforcement schedules equated for reinforcement density were examined. Under a multiple fixed-interval, fixed-ratio schedule overall response rate was decreased during both components but was most affected under the ratio schedule. Response rate decreases were due primarily to changes in running rate rather than pause time. Under a multiple variable-interval, variable-ratio schedule, overall response rate was also decreased by methadone, with the greatest decrease again occurring during the ratio schedule. These schedule specific methadone effects are not due to differences in reinforcement frequency. Evidence for rate-dependency with methadone is not consistent across subjects. PMID- 6514769 TI - Dopamine-mediated behaviors: characteristics of modulation by estrogen. AB - Several behaviors produced by intrastriatal injection of dopamine (DA) and amphetamine (AMPHET) in ovariectomized (OVX) rats were each modulated by estradiol benzoate (EB) in different ways. Contralateral postural deviation and rotation, induced by unilateral injections of DA and AMPHET into the dorsal striatum, were differentially suppressed with EB treatment. Postural deviation was suppressed by 1/2 hour after a single treatment with EB (2 micrograms). In contrast, suppression of contralateral rotation required two treatments with EB separated by an interval of 48 or 96 hours, and the suppression was observed at 24 hours after the last treatment with EB. However, treatment with the antiestrogen CI-628 blocked the suppressive effects of EB on either behavior. The enhanced locomotion produced by bilateral injections of AMPHET into the ventral striatum was not suppressed with EB. In fact, AMPHET-enhanced locomotor activity decreased after a 3-week absence of estradiol as a consequence of OVX, and was returned to early OVX levels by EB. Therefore, postural deviation, rotation, and locomotor activity are mediated by different underlying mechanisms in the striatum and are affected differently by estradiol. PMID- 6514768 TI - Effects of LY150720 (picenadol), a novel mixed-action opioid, on schedule controlled responding in the squirrel monkey. AB - The opioid LY150720 is a racemic mixture whose resolution results in a highly stereospecific separation of agonist and antagonist activity. The effects of LY150720 (0.3-3.0 mg/kg), its agonist (dextro) isomer LY136596 (0.3-1.7 mg/kg) and morphine (0.03-1.0 mg/kg) were studied alone and in combination with naloxone (0.001-1.0 mg/kg) in squirrel monkeys whose responding was maintained under a multiple fixed-ratio 30-response fixed-interval 5-minute (mult FR-30 FI 5-min) schedule of food presentation. LY150720, LY136596 and morphine generally decreased responding under both schedule components, although in several instances increases in responding under the FI component were noted, particularly following LY150720 and LY136596. Naloxone (0.1-3.0 mg/kg) generally had little effect on responding, whereas the antagonist (levo) isomer LY136595 (0.3-10.0 mg/kg) decreased responding under both schedule components. The rate-decreasing effects of morphine, LY150720 and LY136596 were reversed by naloxone; doses of naloxone required to reverse the effects of all three drugs were comparable. When combined with morphine, naloxone restored rates and patterns of responding to control values, whereas combinations of LY150720 or LY136596 and naloxone increased responding under the FI component in excess of control values. These increases appear to be due to anticholinergic actions of LY150720 and LY136596, as they are reversed by physostigmine (0.01 mg/kg) and similar increases are produced by scopolamine (0.01-0.1 mg/kg). PMID- 6514770 TI - Chronic norepinephrine injection into the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus produces hyperphagia and increased body weight in the rat. AB - A single injection of norepinephrine (NE) into the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) is known to elicit a feeding response in the satiated rat. Through repeated NE injections, the present study set out to determine whether chronic noradrenergic stimulation of the PVN is effective in producing changes in total daily food intake, as well as in body weight gain. The results indicate that repeated injections of NE (20 nmoles/injection given 4 times/day) cause a stimulation of eating with each injection and consequently produce a significant increase in total daily food intake. This stimulatory effect on feeding behavior occurs under food-restricted conditions, where food is available only at times (in the daytime) when NE is injected, and also under food-satiated conditions were food is available essentially ad lib. This hyperphagia results in a gradual increase in body weight which develops over the course of a 5-day sequence of repeated NE injections. There is some evidence to suggest that the overeating produced by NE throughout the day may be attributed specifically to an increase in meal size rather than to a change in meal frequency. This evidence suggests that medial hypothalamic NE, particularly within the PVN, may play a role in long-term feeding behavior and body weight regulation. PMID- 6514771 TI - Biosynthesis of peptidoglycan: points of attack by wall inhibitors. PMID- 6514772 TI - Pharmacological aspects of mammalian hibernation. PMID- 6514773 TI - Future work conditions for physicians: implications for medical education. PMID- 6514775 TI - Medicine and the media: a case study. PMID- 6514776 TI - On preserving the healing power of hope. PMID- 6514777 TI - The centripetal effect of the clinician investigator. PMID- 6514774 TI - The "retired" chairman syndrome: a twentieth-century disease. PMID- 6514778 TI - Athletes and androgens: what's wrong with steroids? A panel discussion. PMID- 6514779 TI - Stimulants in senility: a neglected therapeutic option? PMID- 6514780 TI - Interrelation between changes in the EEG and psychopathology under pharmacotherapy for endogenous depression. A contribution to the predictor question. AB - With the predictor problem in mind, we studied in-patients with endogenous depression whether relationships exist among the EEG, the therapeutic response, and the severity of psychopathology. We found that clinically defined responders and non-responders differ in respect of their average power spectra calculated for the two occipital regions. In addition, it was shown that there is a statistically significant correlation between the EEG before treatment and the severity of AMP-documented psychopathology after a 4-week treatment period. This correlation was stronger for the left occipital region than for the right. PMID- 6514782 TI - The influence of fenfluramine stimulation on prolactin plasma levels in lithium long-term-treated manic-depressive patients and healthy subjects. AB - Plasma prolactin response due to serotonergic stimulation by fenfluramine, an anorectic serotonin depletor, has been reported to be potentiated by lithium pretreatment. This finding deserves considerable theoretical interest, but has never been replicated. Therefore, the hPRL excretion pattern after 60 mg fenfluramine orally was examined in eight euthymic manic-depressive patients under long-term lithium medication, and in nine healthy subjects. A fenfluramine induced stimulation of hPRL release was observed exhibiting marked sex differences. However, no potentiating effects of lithium could be found. The results are discussed within the frame of putative effects of lithium long-term treatment onto serotonergic neurosystems in male and female subjects. PMID- 6514781 TI - Serial application of clonidine tests during antidepressive treatment with chlorimipramine. AB - In a controlled 3 week trial on 20 endogenous depressive inpatients refractory to outpatient treatment and treated with two different types of antidepressive medication (chlorimipramine vs. chlorimipramine combined with haloperidol in the first six days), the clonidine test was performed repetitiously to analyse changes of the functional state of central noradrenergic synapses. In nearly all cases the GH response after clonidine was blunted at the beginning and at the end of the trial; in a few cases a response was observed after 8 days of treatment. The data are discussed under the hypothesis of a hyposensitivity of central alpha receptors in endogenous depressives and under the aspect of drug induced changes: at first inhibition of noradrenaline reuptake, later on adaptive down-regulation of alpha-receptors. There was no evidence for the expected haloperidol-induced supersensity of central adrenergic receptors. PMID- 6514783 TI - The effect of age on lithium dosage requirements. AB - Analysis of more than 350 observations of patients who had been under lithium treatment for 6 months to 4 years showed a significant negative correlation between dosage requirements and age; old patients required less lithium than young patients to maintain a particular serum lithium concentration. The decline in dosage requirement with increasing age could be fully accounted for by the age dependent fall in the glomerular filtration rate and lithium clearance. There was no age-dependent change in tablet compliance, and the duration of exposure to lithium did not influence the dosage requirement. PMID- 6514784 TI - Exact treatment of the dual-energy method in CT using polyenergetic X-ray spectra. AB - The theoretical background of the dual-energy method in CT is discussed in detail, especially the meaning of a measured linear attenuation coefficient of a polyenergetic X-ray spectrum in the presence of beam hardening. Using exact values for the incident spectra the iteration procedure shown here allows one to obtain the true values of the effective atomic number and electron density of an absorber material. The applicability of the method in CT is illustrated by computer simulation of the image reconstruction for a homogeneous and an inhomogeneous phantom. PMID- 6514785 TI - Derivation of quantitative information in NMR imaging: a phantom study. AB - The use of NMR imaging as a quantitative research tool requires insight into the relationship between various imaging techniques and their resultant images. Work was undertaken to elucidate this relationship by using the following procedure. First, a theoretical model of NMR imaging under various pulse sequences was elaborated. Subsequently, a series of inversion recovery and saturation recovery images of a particular object slice was generated by varying the sequence parameters. Finally, pure rho, T1 and T2 images of that slice were obtained by solving the corresponding model equations. This procedure was applied to a test phantom containing tubes with suitable reference substances, including aqueous solutions of agar, manganese chloride and deuterium, and water-fat mixtures. The concentration of various samples was chosen such as to yield rho, T1 and T2 values usually encountered in clinical NMR imaging. Experiments were carried out with a prototype resistive NMR imager with a static magnetic field of 0.14 T, corresponding to a hydrogen proton resonance frequency of 5.9 MHz. For most samples a weighted non-linear regression analysis showed the theoretical model to produce an adequate parametrisation of the data at the 5% significance level, given the number of data points and the experimental accuracy. The quantitative information extracted from the NMR imaging experiments, i.e. rho, T1 and T2, appeared to be in good agreement with the results of conventional methods, including NMR spectroscopy. The clinical efficacy of the proposed methods is currently being investigated. PMID- 6514786 TI - Use of two ionisation chambers with a commercial isotope assay calibrator. PMID- 6514787 TI - Generalised Batho correction factor. PMID- 6514789 TI - Importance of internal noise in models of observer performance. PMID- 6514788 TI - Improved flux uniformity with quadrilateral irradiation configuration for in vivo neutron activation analysis with radioactive (isotopic) neutron sources. PMID- 6514790 TI - [General physiopathology of postphlebitic syndromes]. AB - The physiopathological analysis of post-phlebitic disorders enables us to throw light upon several pathogenic mechanisms. With regard to physiopathology it is possible to distinguish: the obstructive syndrome, linked with the obstruction of a large venous collector; the supply syndrome: post-phlebitic superficial venous deficiency; the repermeation syndrome: post-phlebitic deep venous deficiency; the restrictive syndrome, characterized by the deterioration of the venous distensibility; mixed syndromes in which various pathogenic mechanisms are involved. These various pathological processes eventually result in a state of chronic venous stasis, characterized at the microcirculatory level by the triggering- off of a series of vicious circles which are at the root of a real tissular illness, added to which are the trophic disorders which cause the illness to be serious. PMID- 6514791 TI - [Postphlebitic disease, stasis microangiopathy]. AB - The terminology of this is incorrect, but hallowed by usage; it is an old thrombosis of the deep veins, and therefore part of the venous zone; it terminates distally in the zone of the terminal circulatory units, that is, at a microangiopathy of interstitial and lymphatic venous stasis, and the interstitium is involved. There is a polyangiopathy, all the vascular systems being involved, and there is a panangiopathy, every coat of the wall being damaged. The hydraulics of the blood, tissular liquids and lymph are progressively and permanently thrown into disorder; losses of head, pressure surges, choking and failure of the pumps, obliteration of the valvular canal all follow one another and tractage occurs. Microangiopathies of stasis are not only situated in the skin, the aponevrotic spaces and the vascular walls, but are situated also in the distribution "networks" which affect the flow-conditions and the interstitial restraint from which the treatment indications derive. PMID- 6514792 TI - [Noninvasive functional exploration using photoreflexometry]. AB - Photoreflexometry measures the filling time of the intradermic venous plexus and quantifies the function of the venous pump in the leg. Thus it completes the other methods of venous functional investigation and provides data-figures on the seriousness of post-phlebitic illness. The essential interest of the non-invasive examination is that it makes it possible to read the phlebographic and therapeutic indications more discerningly. PMID- 6514793 TI - [Clinical study of the postphlebitic syndrome]. AB - The syndrome is approached from the diagnostic and developmental point of view. The clinical examination remains of paramount importance, for it is necessary to differentiate between the primary varices and the post-phlebitic varices which have the same functional symptoms. The main trophic complications are listed, principally: oedema, hypodermititis, ochrodermititis and leg ulceration, which is the most formidable complication and which still occurs very frequently. Ulceration is likely to occur more frequently following sural phlebites rather than those higher up. The main topographical areas of varices are described, without forgetting the collateral circulation in the abdominal and subpudendal region. The developmental aspect of post-phlebitic syndrome is difficult to predict as sequels appear after varying lengths of time, and in varying ways. Finally, venous functional investigations have a practical advantage. They make it possible to assess the functional state of the limb by indicating precisely the state of the deep and superficial circulation. They can thus make it possible to assess the importance of venous stasis and the nutritional state of the tissues. PMID- 6514794 TI - [Osseous aspects in postphlebitic disease]. AB - Rebel ulcers sometimes discharging small calcifications are likely to be kept going by a calcifying process. Examples of calcifying hypodermititis, of calcified phlebosclerosis and osteolytic metastasis are described. PMID- 6514795 TI - [Lymphatic involvement in postphlebitic disease]. AB - Veins and lymph ducts are closely linked anatomically, embryologically and physiologically. It is therefore not surprising that such a close relationship should reemerge in the pathology of each. Post-phlebitic disorders provide a classic example of this. Microlymphography, using fluorescence, and isotopic phlebolymphography produce positive, unequivocable arguments for the contribution of lymph to the genesis of post-phlebitic disorders; these methods are better than direct lymphology which is technically difficult and not altogether without its dangers. These findings should, of course, have bearing on therapy. PMID- 6514796 TI - [Constriction: results of Lymphapress in edematous forms of the postphlebitic syndrome]. AB - Constraint is the major treatment for post-phlebitic syndrome. Use of Lymphapress improves constraint treatment for certain complicated forms of post-thrombotic syndrome, especially edematous forms with associated panniculitis. Treatment using Lymphapress is non-traumatic for the patient and produces an improved condition in 80% of the cases. PMID- 6514797 TI - [Sclerotherapy in postphlebitic disease]. AB - Sclerotherapy can be used for the postphlebitic syndrome as long as two important precautions are observed. First, the inflammatory phase must be resolved, usually taking one year for thromboplhebitis of the deep venous system and six months for that of the superficial venous system. Secondly, always begin progressively with small, doses, after having initially tested the effect of the sclerosing agent on a secondary vein. PMID- 6514798 TI - [The value of heparin in postphlebitic syndromes]. AB - Post-phlebitic syndromes, the result of late diagnosis at the acute stage and/or inappropriate treatment, are disorders which are still very widespread, chronic, and more or less incapacitating. For fifty years, there has been no new really and lastingly active medication to improve the local condition and check the aggravation. However, heparin is still the least ineffectual form of medication. Applied in series of treatment of 10/15 days, preferably by route IV, it alone is able to produce consistently fair results. Taken on average with the application precautions, the risks with standard doses are practically nil. PMID- 6514799 TI - [Classical treatment of trophic disorders in the postphlebitic syndrome]. AB - The author emphasizes firstly the primordial importance of prevention at each stage of thromboembolic illness, before, during, and after phlebitis; he also emphasizes the necessity of the most rigorous possible treatment of the acute phase (elastic support, ambulation, sufficiently prolonged anticoagulation, early thermal cure). Next the author explains the classical treatment of trophic complications (oedema, hypodermitites, dermoepidermic lesions, ulcers) which must be implemented according to a rational plan, and particularly with regard to leg ulcers, for which the elastic support plays a leading part. Finally, the regulation of hygiene and regular checking should limit to the maximum the extent and worsening of the complications. PMID- 6514800 TI - [Hemodilution in persistent postphlebitic ulcers]. AB - By definition, rebel post-phlebitic ulcers are very difficult to cure. However, it has recently been apparent that the classic treatments associated with permanent normovolemic haemodilution are more effective. Two research procedures have been implemented simultaneously to try and explain this beneficial effect of haemodilution, one based on an experimental study of isolated rabbit hearts, and the other on a theoretical model of the blood-flow at capillary level. These studies lead us to believe that a better distribution of tissular oxygenation might be one of the mechanisms responsible for the beneficial effect of permanent normovolemic haemodilution in treatment of rebel post-phlebitic ulcers. PMID- 6514801 TI - [Thermal treatment of postphlebitic syndromes]. AB - Post-phlebitic illness, characterised by its great clinical polymorphism, justifies crenotherapy: in the months following thrombotic accident, as soon as possible, in order to get rid of functional and oedemic sequels, and articular stiffness in some cases. At this stage one can hope to check the development of the illness and delay the occurrence of complications; later, if trophic disorders set in, and especially at the constitution of sclero-inflammatory or sclerous hypodermitites. The ulcer not being a contra-indication. In all cases, crenotherapy has a remarkable and lasting effect on functional symptoms. PMID- 6514802 TI - [Surgery in postphlebitic disease. Apropos of 157 surgical interventions]. AB - Surgery occupies only a restricted position in post-phlebitic illness. The authors analyse 157 surgical operations carried out on 138 patients between 1969 and 1983. A detailed report is always given pre-operatively as a matter of course by Functional examination and phlebography, in order to locate the predominant physiopathological disorder or disorders: superficial venous deficiency--reflux via the perforators--the obliteration syndrome or devalvulation syndrome of the deep venous system. After a short listing of the surgical methods, the results of these different operations are analysed. They are hard to assess. Where there is a relapsing ulcer, surgery of the perforators produces 70 percent good results. The therapeutic indications are discussed, finally, on the basis of recently published series and the authors' experience. PMID- 6514803 TI - [Classical surgical experience in postphlebitic disease]. AB - Besides the current methods of shunting and the restoration of the valve system, the surgery of venous deficiency remains important in other ways too. The superficial venous system plays a supply role at the stage of acute thrombosis but, once it has become dilated, it becomes deficient and so becomes the location for orthostatic reflux; in post-phlebitic illness, this superficial deficiency is often further complicated by a deficiency of the tibial communicating veins, the pathogenic implication of which is significant. Correction of these haemodynamic disorders by classic methods may be effected either in isolation or in association with an operation aimed at the obstructive syndrome or the syndrome of deep reflux; particular attention must be paid to the problem of the tibial communicating veins. Surgical indications are definitively based on a precise physiopathological report on the post-phlebitic syndrome causing the problem. PMID- 6514804 TI - [Does hypodermectomy have a role in surgery for postphlebitic syndrome?]. AB - The fibrosis of the hypodermis in the lower part of the leg is a sign of venous stasis. But it appears in various forms. One is diffuse, circular, atrophic sclerosis, in a patch, occurring frequently in old post-thrombotic syndromes, another is sclerous hypodermititis in plaque form, submalleolar, well circumscribed and without aetiopathogenic links with deep venous thrombosis. This latter form is the only one to respond favorably to surgical resection. PMID- 6514805 TI - [Telangiectases]. AB - The authors have carried out a study of telangectasia in the light of the most recently collected data. They emphasize the ideas already well-known and widely accepted. They consider points which have so far only been discussed and in particular the existence of an arterial intake which, despite all that has been said about it here and there, is still fairly hypothetical. They emphasize the precautions which have to be taken to prevent the recurrence of telangectasia. PMID- 6514806 TI - [Varices of the lower limbs and pregnancy]. AB - Pregnancy, a causal factor and very often a revealing element of varicose veins, is still viewed by many as an obstacle to their treatment. The inclusion of its role in the development of the varicose vein should be based on different theories--dynamic, histochemical and biochemical--which, far from being in confrontation are complementary and which the authors attempt to summarize. Clinical treatment of pregnancy varices does not differ from that of ordinary venous deficiency varices, but the speed with which the varices appear and the speed of their development necessitates an effective treatment. The best treatment of pregnancy varices is still their prevention, essentially by sclerosis, resort to surgery being advisable only after the last pregnancy. Venotropes and elastic support should preferably be used during pregnancy if necessary. Sclerotherapy, which is remarkably effective, will only be reserved for the cure of a painful or ulcerous problem, or if there is risk of varicose rupture. PMID- 6514807 TI - Photochemical-like destruction of tryptophan in serum albumins induced by enzyme generated triplet species. PMID- 6514808 TI - Rotational diffusion of rhodamine 6G in human blood serum. PMID- 6514809 TI - Properties of a new state of hematoporphyrin in dilute aqueous solution. PMID- 6514810 TI - Efficiency of repair of pyrimidine dimers and psoralen monoadducts in normal and xeroderma pigmentosum human cells. PMID- 6514811 TI - Salt and pH-dependent changes of the purple membrane absorption spectrum. PMID- 6514813 TI - Low and moderate irradiances of UVB and UVC irradiation are equally erythemogenic in human skin. PMID- 6514812 TI - The radiolytic reduction of the Schiff base in bacteriorhodopsin. PMID- 6514814 TI - Effect of dietary fat level on UV-B induced skin tumors, and anti-tumor action of beta-carotene. PMID- 6514815 TI - Primary photochemistry of bacteriorhodopsin: comparison of Fourier transform infrared difference spectra with resonance Raman spectra. PMID- 6514816 TI - A study of selective adsorption of Na+ and other alkali-metal ions on isolated proteins: a test of the salt-linkage hypothesis. AB - According to the salt-linkage hypothesis (a part of the association-induction hypothesis), the binding of alkali-metal ions on isolated proteins may be low as a result of the masking of cation-binding fixed anionic groups by the formation of "salt linkages" between them and fixed cationic groups. This hypothesis has been verified in a quantitative manner by the measurement of free and adsorbed Na+ in solutions of bovine hemoglobin titrated with increasing concentration of NaOH. In addition this communication presents data indicating (1) wide variability in the extent of Na+ adsorption among different isolated proteins and even among different samples of the same protein, (2) auto-cooperativity in the pH titration and Na+ adsorption, and (3) selectivity of the liberated fixed anionic groups for different alkali-metal ions in the rank order Na greater than Li greater than K greater than Rb, Cs. PMID- 6514817 TI - Technical artifacts in magnetic resonance imaging. AB - Various artifacts of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) typically associated with currently available imaging techniques such as projection reconstruction and two dimensional fourier transform (2D-FT) are described and illustrated. Examples of MRI artifacts were obtained with an imaging unit with a super conducting magnet operated at .15 Tesla and .27 Tesla with corresponding proton resonance frequency of 6.4 MHz and 11.25 MHz. The .15 Tesla images were obtained using projection reconstruction and the .27 Tesla using the 2D-FT method. Instrument related artifacts include those due to direct current (DC), projection, gradient offset, active shimming, phase encoding, and pulse sequencing. Other often encountered artifacts are related to the patient. These include those due to motion, ferromagnetic effect, and tissue contents. The cause of these artifacts and how (if possible) they may be eliminated or minimized is discussed. PMID- 6514818 TI - Man's best friend or man? PMID- 6514820 TI - Initiation of a career in pharmaceutical industries. As a Ph.D. physiologist. PMID- 6514819 TI - Congressional amendment proposed by APS would punish lab intruders. PMID- 6514821 TI - Personal viewpoints of a physiologist. PMID- 6514822 TI - Careers in pharmaceutical industry for physiologists. Personal viewpoints. PMID- 6514823 TI - What a director of pharmacology looks for in a physiologist. PMID- 6514824 TI - Evolution of acid-base concept (1917-1984). PMID- 6514825 TI - Body fluid changes, thirst and drinking in man during free access to water. AB - To investigate whether human thirst and drinking during ad lib access to water occur in response to body fluid deficits, we obtained blood samples and visual analog scale thirst ratings from five healthy, volunteer, young men at hourly intervals and when they were thirsty during a normal working day. Although there were significant increases in ratings of thirst, pleasantness of drinking water, mouth dryness and unpleasantness of the taste in the mouth when subjects were thirsty enough to drink compared with intervening intervals, there were no concomitant changes in body fluid variables (microhematocrit, plasma osmolality and plasma sodium, potassium, protein and angiotensin II concentrations). Subjects drank mainly in association with eating and were not overhydrated as indicated by constantly hypertonic urine and significant tubular reabsorption of free water over the experimental period. The results indicate that during free access to water humans become thirsty and drink before body fluid deficits develop, perhaps in response to subtle oropharyngeal cues, and so provide evidence for anticipatory thirst and drinking in man. PMID- 6514826 TI - Adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase activity in rats maintained at a reduced body weight. AB - Male rats fed a cellulose-diluted diet maintained a reduced body weight. Adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity decreased after two days of cellulose feeding, but was not different from chow-fed control levels with weight stabilized at 90% or 70% of the control group. Plasma triglyceride concentration decreased with weight loss and remained depressed with stabilized reduced weight. Regaining lost weight had no effect on LPL activity when compared with chow-fed controls or with levels obtained for the weight-reduced group. However, plasma triglyceride concentration returned to chow-fed control levels with weight gain. The disparity between these results and those obtained in obese human beings lends support to the hypothesis that the increase in adipose tissue LPL activity in weight-reduced obese human beings is indicative of a defect in regulation of adipose tissue metabolism. PMID- 6514827 TI - The maternal pheromone and brain development in the preweanling rat. AB - Preweanling rats selectively approach and consume pheromone-containing maternal feces. This selectivity suggests that the consumption of maternal feces might be important for the growing pup. Previous research suggested that such feces might promote brain development. A series of experiments was carried out in which pups were denied access to maternal feces. These pups were clearly inferior to control pups in brain growth and neurobehavioral maturation, as well as in the quantity of brain myelin. PMID- 6514828 TI - The maternal pheromone and deoxycholic acid in relation to brain myelin in the preweanling rat. AB - We examined the lipid composition of blood and myelin in preweanling rats denied access to maternal feces. Levels of triglycerides and free fatty acids in the blood were reduced and in the brain the amount of myelin and the phospholipid concentration in myelin were also reduced. The addition of deoxycholic acid to ordinary laboratory chow prevented these deficiencies. We conclude that response to the maternal pheromone and the subsequent ingestion of deoxycholic acid through maternal feces promotes the deposition of normal brain myelin. PMID- 6514829 TI - Effect of intracerebroventricularly infused glucagon on feeding behavior. AB - Administration of pancreatic glucagon into 3rd cerebral ventricle of rats suppressed feeding with potency greater than 1000 times that of peripheral administration. A low dose of glucagon (5 ng) suppressed food intake mainly in short-term and slightly in long-term. A medium dose (25 ng) produced delayed feeding suppression. A high dose (100 ng) suppressed only short-term food intake. From this evidence, it is concluded that intracerebroventricular administration of physiological concentration of pancreatic glucagon suppresses short-term food intake through the hypothalamus. The possible mechanism of feeding suppression by glucagon is discussed. PMID- 6514830 TI - Suppression of sexual behavior and localization of [3H] puromycin after intracranial injection in the rat. AB - Bilateral intracranial injections of puromycin (10 micrograms/0.5 microliter vehicle) into the preoptic area (POA) of steroid-primed ovariectomized rats resulted in a significant decrease in the lordosis response when compared to saline treated controls. To determine the extent of puromycin diffusion after intracranial injection, [3H] puromycin was injected into the right POA of ovariectomized rats. Neural regions anterior, posterior and superior to the POA, and the right and left POA were assessed for tritium activity 0.5, 6 and 24 hours after stereotaxic surgery. The activity was primarily located at the injection site or in the injection tract. The highest amount of activity external to the injection site or injection tract was found in the right ventromedial hypothalamus. PMID- 6514831 TI - Role of progesterone on the control of scent marking in Suncus murinus viridescens (Blyth). AB - The effect of castration and administration of progesterone in different doses on the specialized integumentary glands and scent marking behavior in male musk shrew, Suncus murinus viridescens were studied. Castration effected a considerable atrophy of the secretory epithelial tissues of the flank, oral lip and perineal glands with marked regression in their secretory output. Further, the scent marking frequencies were also reduced and attained a minimum level by the end of 4 weeks after castration. Progesterone administration in effective doses reactivated all these specialized integumentary glands and the scent marking frequency in male shrews within a period of three weeks. PMID- 6514832 TI - Sex differences in the effects of early experience on the development of behavioral and brain asymmetries in rats. AB - The influence of early experience (preweaning handling) on the development of several postural/motor asymmetries (side bias in an open field, turn preference in a T-maze, amphetamine-induced rotational behavior, tail pinch-induced asymmetries) and the lateralization of brain dopamine was studied in adult male and female rats. In many cases the adult patterns of behavioral and brain asymmetries were modified by early handling in a sexually dimorphic manner. In addition, the direction of postural/motor asymmetries was very much task dependent, especially in females. We conclude that: early experience may modify the development of behavioral and brain asymmetries; sex differences in asymmetries are very common; early handling may affect males and females differently; and different measures of postural/motor asymmetries may reflect different and multiple brain asymmetries. PMID- 6514833 TI - Effects of naloxone and buprenorphine on intravenous acetaldehyde self-injection in rats. AB - Rats can be induced to self-inject acetaldehyde under an appropriate operant conditioning schedule. The narcotic antagonist naloxone (30 mg/kg) is shown to produce a decrease in schedule-induced acetaldehyde self-injection, but was without effect on both barpress responding and spontaneous activity in rats tested individually for fine, gross and total activity. On the other hand buprenorphine (0.3 and 3 mg/kg), the mixed agonist-antagonist derived from the opium alkaloid thebaine, also produced a significant decrease in acetaldehyde self-injection. However, a significant effect of buprenorphine on barpressing in otherwise drug naive rats indicated that this finding should not be dissociated from a possible involvement of buprenorphine on motor responding. While the findings are consistent with the hypothesis of opiate involvement in acetaldehyde self-administration, caution must be exercised when drawing conclusions about the participation of endogenous opiates in acetaldehyde-mediated behavior. PMID- 6514834 TI - Purified diets: some cautions about casein. AB - Growth and intake of weanling rats on five casein-based purified diets and matched cereal-based diets were compared. The results support Lat's conjecture that the failure of animals to exhibit normal growth on some purified diets may be attributed to their failure to consume sufficient casein. Given a choice, the rats consumed both types of food, composing a diet in which the ratio of purified to cereal-based diet was 2:1, and they grew normally. Although the growth promoting characteristics of caseins from different sources varied, the preference ratio between casein- and cereal-based diets was the same with one exception: a reduced preference for purified diet was shown by animals who had previously experienced subnormal growth for an extended period of time on a purified diet. These results show that all caseins are not equivalent in their growth-promoting properties. Further, they show that rats are exquisitely sensitive to the nutritional properties of their diets and, given the opportunity, can compose a diet which yields normal growth. PMID- 6514835 TI - Effects of dietary nutrients and foraging costs on meal patterns of rats. AB - Rats were fed either a cereal-based or a purified casein-based diet in a foraging paradigm in which the costs of procurement and consumption were varied. The group offered the cereal-based diet consumed about 10% more calories than the group offered the casein-based diet, but both groups grew at the same rate. The intake of a control group offered a choice between the two diets was approximately 80% from the casein diet, and the growth of this group did not differ from that of the experimental groups. Variations in the cost of procurement and the cost of consumption affected the patterning of meals differentially for the two diets: changes in meal patterns tended to control the time and/or energy spent feeding. These results show that (1) meal patterns in the foraging paradigm are sensitive to subtle differences in diets, and (2) the amount of diet consumed (acceptance) and the choice between diets (preference) are determined by the economics of feeding and the nutritive quality of the foods, as well as by their palatability. PMID- 6514836 TI - Control of cage lighting by locomotor activity through feedback circuits. AB - This paper describes an electronic device through which environmental lighting conditions are linked to locomotor activity thus allowing only the photosensitive portions of a nocturnal rodents phase-response-curve to be exposed to light. In the past, this type of lighting schedule has been difficult, if not impossible, to present with an exogenously controlled lighting system due to the phase shifting ability of the rodent's circadian system. The feedback lighting system is made from components which can be purchased at most electronics outlets for less than $100. PMID- 6514837 TI - Effects of progesterone on lordotic responses to specific mating stimuli in hamsters. AB - Mating-induced inhibition of sexual receptivity was examined in ovariectomized, estrogen (E) treated and estrogen plus progesterone (E + P) treated hamsters given 10 min of exposure to male mounting stimulation alone or to mounts, intromissions, and ejaculations at eight hourly intervals. In E + P treated females, no differential effects of exposure to full mating stimulation vs. mounting stimulation alone were observed. In contrast, females given E treatment alone showed a marked differential response. Fully mated, E-treated females showed more lordosis than E-treated females exposed to mounts alone during the initial test. However, total lordosis duration declined precipitiously in the fully mated group by 2 hr and remained significantly below that in other groups during subsequent tests. Levels of receptivity in E-treated females mounted-only remained relatively constant until 8 hr. These results suggest that P reduces the inhibitory effects of vaginocervical cues received during mating without affecting the response to mounting stimulation alone. In addition, vaginocervical stimulation may initially facilitate lordosis in E-treated females. PMID- 6514838 TI - Nociceptive thresholds following food restriction and return to free-feeding. AB - Nine rats were placed on a restricted food diet for 14 days and nociceptive thresholds were measured by the tail-flick procedure. After 24 hr of food restriction nociceptive thresholds increased. This initial increase in nociceptive threshold was followed by a decrease in pain threshold on the second day of food restriction. Nociceptive thresholds returned to pre-deprivation levels on the remaining 11 days of food restriction. When the rats were given free access to food after 14 days of food restriction, nociceptive thresholds increased 24 hr after the reintroduction of food and decreased during the next 24 hr. Thus, the results of the present experiment demonstrate that both food restriction and a return to free feeding after 14 days of food restriction produced the same biphasic pattern of changes in nociceptive thresholds. PMID- 6514839 TI - [Strategy of ambulatory care of asthma in adults in outpatient departments for pulmonary diseases]. PMID- 6514840 TI - [The complement system and circulating immune complexes in diffuse interstitial pulmonary diseases]. PMID- 6514841 TI - [Value of cytomorphologic findings in transtracheal and/or transbronchial punctures for the prognosis of bronchial carcinoma]. PMID- 6514842 TI - [Comparison of the bronchoconstrictive effect of inhaled histamine and physical stress]. PMID- 6514843 TI - [Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis with spontaneous regression]. PMID- 6514844 TI - [Pleural calcification as an epidemiologic parameter in asbestos exposure]. PMID- 6514845 TI - [Pleuropulmonary manifestations in persons indirectly exposed to asbestos dust]. PMID- 6514846 TI - [Sarcoidosis of the heart]. PMID- 6514847 TI - [Wegener's granulomatosis]. PMID- 6514848 TI - [Problems in reference values for pulmonary volumes and flow in Yugoslavia]. PMID- 6514849 TI - [Bronchoalveolar lavage in diffuse interstitial lung diseases]. PMID- 6514850 TI - [Nonspecific and specific bronchial provocation tests]. PMID- 6514851 TI - [The pneumo-phthsiology service in Serbia exclusive of the SA provinces]. PMID- 6514852 TI - [Prognosis for trends in tuberculosis in the Belgrade area up to the year 2000]. PMID- 6514853 TI - [The clinical importance at the present time of the tuberculin test in adults]. PMID- 6514854 TI - [Views on mass radiophotography in Belgrade from 1973 to 1982]. PMID- 6514855 TI - [Epidemiology of skin sarcoidosis in the area of Zrenjanin]. PMID- 6514856 TI - [Report on 1 years' work at the Bronchology Ambulatory Care Department for Pulmonary Diseases and Tuberculosis in Split]. PMID- 6514857 TI - [Present views on the pathogenesis of sarcoidosis]. PMID- 6514858 TI - [Areas of use of patient-centered actions]. AB - Various forms of patient-centered actions (acceptive listening, paraphrasing, verbalisation of emotional experience), their effects and their possible modes of action are described. The importance of the verbal encoding of prereflexive experience for counselling is dealt with at some length because it generally receives too little attention. The interview and counselling, which are special forms of patient-centered activity, are used as examples to show that patient centered techniques should be varied to suit the purpose of concrete interactions and therapy sessions. PMID- 6514859 TI - [Use of drama concepts in psychotherapy. Course of events and turning point as manifestations of the unconscious]. AB - Terms such as "Vorgang" (course of events) and "Drehpunkt" (crucial point developed in connection with dramatics are investigated with regard to their suitability for describing psychotherapeutic phenomena. Since the interactions between audience and cast are similar in some respects to those between therapeut and patient, particulary in respect of fantasy and creativity, these terms can be used to define cooperation in the cognitive sphere more closely. PMID- 6514860 TI - [Standardized monitoring of brain function]. AB - A form is described for recording the results obtained when monitoring the brain function in cases of severe acute brain damage. The form follows the principles introduced in other countries for recording the results of similar standard examinations, but the symptoms and scalings have been modified to suit the author's requirements. The state consciousness as shown by the opening of the eyes, verbal response and motor reactions to various stimuli is considered essential for the continuous monitoring of the brain function, as are also the dilation of the pupile and their response to light and the vestibuloocular reaction. The form also contains entries for respiration, blood pressure, heart rate and body temperature. The neurological symptoms have been selected on the basis of their diagnostic value, consistency and simplicity of examination and interpretation. The advantages of a standard examination scheme are explained. Advice is given regarding the examination of the different symptoms. PMID- 6514861 TI - [3 cases of acute transverse syndrome caused by a dissecting aneurysm of the aorta]. AB - A relatively rare cause of the acuto transverse syndrome, aneurysma dissecans of the aorta followed by disturbance of the circulation in the spinal cord, is described on the basis of three cases. The special features of the blood supply of the spinal cord and the etiopathogenesis, symptomatology and prognosis of aneurysma dissecans are discussed. Attention is drawn to the necessity of unobtrusive methods for case taking and clinical examination to save the patient unnecessary stress and to improve the chances of survival. PMID- 6514862 TI - [Pediatric neuropsychiatric characteristics of behaviorally abnormal children]. AB - By means of integrative medical-psychological examinations in children with abnormal behaviour we found pathological signs in the ratings of parents and teachers, in the concentration efficiency, in the rate of impulsivity and in those cases in which there were mild symptomes of brain damage in the early childhood. In the intellectual and motorial efficiencies and in selfratings we could'nt establish any change compared with normal population. PMID- 6514863 TI - [Oculo-auricular phenomenon and its value in neurologic diagnosis]. AB - The oculoauricular phenomenon is a synergism between an external eye muscle, the m. rectus lateralis, and the facialis innervated m. retroauricularis. In the neurological diagnostic this phenomenon permits a differentiation between the abducens nerve paresis of peripheral and of nuclear origine. In addition to this electromyographic examination from the m. retroauricularis can discover disturbances of the neuromuscular transmission and facilitate an early prognostic estimation of peripheral facialis paresis. PMID- 6514864 TI - [Some electroencephalographic findings following bilateral and unilateral electroconvulsive treatment]. AB - Soon after Cerletti had introduced electroconvulsive treatment into psychiatric therapy in 1938, electroencephalographic examinations were made during and after ECT. Based on the majority of the results gained it was supposed that intensity and persistence of EEG changes after electroconvulsive shocks depend on number and frequency of single shocks. However, our investigations on 49 patients of the Psychiatric Clinic of Karl-Marx-University, Leipzig, show that intensity and persistence of post-therapeutic EEG deviations after ECT reveal no statistically significant correlation with number and frequency of electroconvulsive shocks used. Unilateral accentuations occurred exclusively after unilateral treatment (alone or combined with bilateral technique) among our subjects. PMID- 6514865 TI - [Detection, genetic counseling and phenotype prevention of Duchenne muscular dystrophy]. AB - Literature data and the own ascertainment of Duchenne muscular dystrophy cases concentrated on the Leipzig county confirm the necessity of early diagnosis and of central registration, search for female carries and genetic counselling. A newborn screening is supported provided that its organization will be practicable. About 12% of Duchenne cases are secondary affections of brothers. It should be possible to prevent one third of all cases by means of counselling also of the female relatives of the mothers. The repeated estimation of serum creatinkinase activity, completed by electromyography, has the greatest practical importance for the identification of heterozygous carriers. For the genetic counselling of definite carriers and women at risk it is possible only to recommend intrauterine sex prediction and the selective abortion of male fetuses. PMID- 6514866 TI - [Acoustically evoked brain stem potential in Wilson disease]. AB - By 48 patients with Wilson's disease the brainstem acoustic evoked potentials were stated. There were 35 pathological findings (73%), 13 were normal (27%). The waves, determined by the middle and upper brainstem (Pons and Mesencephalon) showed most of all pathological changes. Those patients with forms of Wilson's disease called Pseudoskelerose and Pseudoparkinson showed the most pathological findings. But one could watch these findings by about 30% of patients in preclinical stage. This method can possibly be used for early detection of disorders of brainstem functions and in the same way it can be used for control of treatment by patients in preclinical stage. PMID- 6514867 TI - [Determination of creatine kinase activity using bioluminescence]. AB - There is given a simple apparatus for monitoring of CK-activities by means of a bioluminescent test. This test makes it possible to determine CK-activities in 1 microliter serum samples as well as in dried blood spots. A good correlation between the bioluminescent test and a standard method was found. The sensitivity of the method is very high and suitable for a screening of affected boys with Duchenne's muscular dystrophy. PMID- 6514868 TI - [Rehabilitation program for patients with schizophrenia based on 2 weeks of family therapy at a camp]. PMID- 6514869 TI - [Evaluation of the intellectual capacity of hospitalized alcoholics]. PMID- 6514871 TI - [A model of psychogeriatric care]. PMID- 6514870 TI - [Urinary MHPG in patients with endogenous depression and the effectiveness of antidepressive drugs]. PMID- 6514872 TI - [Adaptation of the sleep EEG under laboratory conditions in patients with endogenous depression and in healthy persons]. PMID- 6514873 TI - [Profile of the present-day sexual offender in relation to indecent acts]. PMID- 6514874 TI - [Results in the treatment of depressive syndromes with once-a-day doxepin doses administered at bedtime]. PMID- 6514875 TI - [Preliminary results of studies on affective disorders among administrative personnel of a large industrial plant]. PMID- 6514876 TI - [Clinical psychology and psychiatry]. PMID- 6514877 TI - [Abnormal thirst (polydipsia) and water intoxication in mental disorders]. PMID- 6514878 TI - [Klismaphilia--a newly described anomaly, psychopathy or unusual phenomenon?]. PMID- 6514879 TI - [A case of trichotillomania in schizophrenia]. PMID- 6514880 TI - [Case of primary lymphoma of the central nervous system in a patient with symptoms of a neurasthenic syndrome and suspected sitophobia]. PMID- 6514881 TI - Representation of the internal world in catatonic schizophrenia. AB - Catatonia, which until 1874 was called atonic melancholia, has remained a relative mystery despite many advances in the understanding of schizophrenia. Its typical symptoms are certainly distinctive: a motionless stupor, bizarre posturing, waxen flexibility, religious delusions, stereotyped movements, negativism, loss of will, confusion, and recurrent frenzy (Kahlbaum 1874). The processes which motivate this particular derailment of self and body have been sought in various organic etiologies, with little success. Arieti (1974) proposes several reasons for the paucity of case studies of the treatment of catatonic schizophrenia. First, catatonic schizophrenia has been declining in occurrence. Second, the symptoms themselves, such as mutism and excitement, make verbal therapy extremely difficult. Finally, catatonics often have no memory of their psychotic experiences. Psychotherapists have therefore had to rely on highly personal intuitions of their patients' crisis-in-being. Despite therapists' attention to nonverbal behavior, mutism and stupor are particularly effective hindrances to communication in psychotherapy. Psychotherapy is often not begun until the patient's symptoms ameliorate through chemotherapy and milieu support. The centrality of the verbal medium of communication in psychotherapy suggests that other approaches, using nonverbal media, may be indicated in the study of catatonia. This paper describes a treatment of a catatonic schizophrenic man which utilized movement and drama therapy. These methods were successful in evoking representations of the patient's inner life. PMID- 6514882 TI - Supportive containment in the hospital care of treatment-resistant borderline adolescents. AB - Psychotherapeutic treatment of borderline patients is characterized by threats to maintenance of the therapeutic alliance during periods of regression. Hospitalization provides ego support and limits to help sustain the alliance, but for some patients traditional hospital approaches are not adequate. This paper describes a specialized treatment approach for managing treatment-resistant borderline adolescents in a hospital setting. The approach provides supportive containment through a restricted environment and enforcement of patient dependency on treatment staff. Patients gradually gain freedoms as their self regulation increases. Success rates with this approach are raised to a level comparable to that attained with less difficult patients. PMID- 6514883 TI - Interpretive psychotherapy in the inpatient community meeting. AB - The purpose of the psychiatric inpatient unit community meeting is often unclear to the staff and patients present (Kisch et al. 1981). We shall suggest a clear psychotherapeutic purpose--that it be a place where staff members provide patients with the opportunity to become aware of fixed, stereotypical meanings that they, the patients, collectively give to the behavior, motives, and attitudes of other people. The means to this end is "here-and-now" transference interpretation of a particular type. This interpretation should be focused on the patients' resistance to the articulation of their implicit attitudes toward the staff. Particularly important is the interpretation of the resistance to the discussion of certain staff-related events and the explication of the meanings patients have given to those events. Such resistance usually takes the form of displacement and identification. PMID- 6514884 TI - The risk of suicide in young psychiatric patients hospitalized out-of-state. AB - Long-term hospitalization is becoming an increasingly specialized form of psychiatric treatment. The specialization involves not only training and orientation but also geographical location. As more state hospital systems "deinstitutionalize" and more private hospitals concentrate on short-term treatment, a recommendation for long-term hospital treatment is coming to mean, in most areas of the country, a referral to an institution far from the patient's home. The consecutive deaths by suicide of two out-of-state patients in one hospital that offers long-term treatment led to an investigation of a possible connection between suicide and hospitalization at a distance from home. PMID- 6514885 TI - Illness in the therapist: the eye patch. AB - During the second year of my psychiatry residency I began to experience an illness (corneal dysplasia) which necessitated the wearing of an eye patch for unpredictable lengths of time. I will use this particular even in the life of a therapist to focus on the array of feelings, reactions and meanings such an event stimulates in therapists, patients and colleagues. In addition to describing transference, countertransference and personal reactions, I will link the concept of such an occurrence as "special event" with the therapist's belief in his own specialness, which magically immunizes him against illness and death. PMID- 6514886 TI - Within the pleasure principle. Child analytic perspectives on aggression. PMID- 6514887 TI - Modes of communication. The differentiation of somatic and verbal expression. PMID- 6514888 TI - Anna Freud's concept of developmental lines. PMID- 6514889 TI - Reflections on the last stage--and the first. PMID- 6514890 TI - The developmental roots of self-injury and response to pain in a 4-year-old boy. PMID- 6514891 TI - The conflicts of ambivalence. PMID- 6514893 TI - Shame. An object-relational formulation. PMID- 6514894 TI - A special transference. The perfect patient. PMID- 6514892 TI - Ego instincts. A concept whose time has come. PMID- 6514895 TI - From concretism to metaphor. Thoughts on some theoretical and technical aspects of the psychoanalytic work with children of Holocaust survivors. PMID- 6514896 TI - Witches--bad and good. Maternal psychopathology as a developmental interference. PMID- 6514897 TI - The handling of overt aggression in child analysis. PMID- 6514898 TI - Psychoanalytic treatment of diabetic children. PMID- 6514899 TI - Problems of development and adaptation in an elderly patient. PMID- 6514900 TI - Aggression in early childhood. Joint treatment of children and parents. PMID- 6514901 TI - Prediction of development. PMID- 6514902 TI - Searching for the best interests of the child. Intervention with an abusive mother and her toddler. PMID- 6514903 TI - A note on the golden section. PMID- 6514904 TI - Parenting an infant with a birth defect. The regulation of self-esteem. PMID- 6514905 TI - A chronology of defensive adaptations to severe psychological trauma. PMID- 6514906 TI - Preparing. PMID- 6514908 TI - Fantasy and reality in the oedipal phase. A conceptual overview. PMID- 6514907 TI - Time and trauma. PMID- 6514909 TI - An example of disavowal involving the menstrual cycle. AB - The author presents clinical material that illustrates the confusion between reality and fantasy in disavowal, the tendency of some women in analysis to disavow menstrual events, and some technical considerations pertaining to the analysis of disavowal as a resistance. PMID- 6514910 TI - Cognitive difficulties in psychoanalysis. AB - The author rises a number of questions about cognitive difficulties in relation to psychoanalysis. He presents the case of an adult patient in whom previously unrecognized childhood cognitive difficulties were discovered during the course of analysis. Their relationship to the patient's problems in adulthood is discussed. Some suggestions and speculations about the questions raised are presented with the hope of stimulating further exploration of what the author considers to be an interesting and important subject for psychoanalysis. PMID- 6514911 TI - An essay on method in applied psychoanalysis. AB - The author attempts to evaluate critically the application of psychoanalysis to literature by examining problems of method and the assumptions psychoanalysts unwittingly make about texts they are about to interpret. The special advantages of psychoanalysis over other interpretive systems are discussed, and several examples of the possible use of psychoanalysis in the study of literary texts are presented. PMID- 6514912 TI - Reading level design: conceptual and methodological issues in reading research. PMID- 6514913 TI - Detection of change in physiological measures using an adaptive Kalman filter algorithm. PMID- 6514914 TI - Cross-cultural study of the relationship among academic performance, test anxiety, intelligence, and sex. PMID- 6514915 TI - The work ethic as moderator variable of life stress: preliminary inquiry. PMID- 6514916 TI - Reasons for drug use: comparison of drug users and abusers. PMID- 6514917 TI - Adolescents' self-reports of tobacco, alcohol, and marijuana use: examining the comparability of video tape, cartoon and verbal bogus-pipeline procedures. PMID- 6514918 TI - Denial of fear of dying or of death in young and elderly populations. PMID- 6514919 TI - Ability, anxiety, and conceptual level. PMID- 6514920 TI - Effects of caffeine and nicotine on open-field exploration. PMID- 6514921 TI - Life satisfaction and depression among retired black persons. PMID- 6514922 TI - Associations among alcoholism, drug abuse, and antisocial personality: a review of literature. PMID- 6514923 TI - Use of hydrotherapy in reduction of anxiety. PMID- 6514924 TI - Relationships between irrational beliefs and self-report indices of psychopathology. PMID- 6514925 TI - Self-consciousness in acute and chronic schizophrenics. PMID- 6514926 TI - Subtest scores of a comprehensive examination of medical knowledge as a function of retention interval. PMID- 6514927 TI - Jungian typology of prospective psychodramatists: Myers-Briggs Type Indicator analysis of applicants for psychodrama training. PMID- 6514928 TI - Anxiety and depression in geriatric and adult medical inpatients: a comparison. PMID- 6514930 TI - Anxiety, depression, and hostility in rural women. PMID- 6514929 TI - A multi-vantaged approach to measurement of behavioral and affect states for clinical and psychobiological research. PMID- 6514931 TI - Behavioral effects of peripheral administration of arginine vasopressin: a review of our search for a mode of action and a hypothesis. AB - In this review we present data summarizing our studies concerning the mechanism of action for the behavioral effects of peripheral arginine vasopressin (AVP) administration. We have demonstrated a clear performance improvement in a one trial appetitive task designed to measure the memory-learning process. This behavioral effect is blocked by peptide analogs which block the pressor response to AVP. From these data, and from other data obtained in aversively motivated tasks, we hypothesize that peripheral AVP injections induce effects of physiological-endocrinological origin and that these peripheral signals (e.g. vasopressor actions) alert and arouse the animal, thus helping to improve its association of environmental events. This hypothesis is similar to that proposed by others regarding peripheral hormones and memory and still leaves open the possibility that vasopressin in the brain acts independently of the above proposed action for peripherally derived vasopressin. PMID- 6514932 TI - Functional alterations in the social organization of bonnet macaques (Macaca radiata) induced by ovariectomy: an experimental analysis. AB - A group of seven ovariectomized female and three intact male Macaca radiata was compared to a matched control group of intact females and males during a breeding season. A second, replicate, experiment was conducted after the males had been switched between groups to partially control for seasonal effects and differences in the age of males. In the first experiment, 161 hr of quantitative data were collected and in the second, 93 hr. Differences in the social organization of the experimental and control groups were anticipated by five a priori evolutionary predictions focused on aspects of intersexual and intrasexual selection: (1) less affiliative and sexual behavior between males and ovariectomized females; (2) less intrasexual competition between them; (3) more intrasexual affiliation among males and ovariectomized females; (4) more intersexual competition between them and (5) more homogeneous patterns of use of resources. Sixty of 90 applications of these predictions to behavioral measures were confirmed. These admittedly exploratory a priori predictions thus significantly increased the ability to anticipate social consequences of female castration. Contrary to Predictions 2 and 4, ovariectomized females engaged in more intrasexual agonistic behavior and less frequently showed aggression toward males. PMID- 6514933 TI - Similar effect of estradiol and haloperidol on experimental tardive dyskinesia in monkeys. AB - In a group of ovariectomized monkeys, a persistent buccolingual dyskinesia resembling tardive dyskinesia was induced by an upper midbrain lesion. This dyskinesia was increased by apomorphine. A single dose of haloperidol (1 mg/kg) reduced the effect of apomorphine after 24 hours and caused an increase in CSF homovanillic acid. Fifteen days later, however, the response to apomorphine was markedly enhanced. Estradiol benzoate (0.5 mg sc) had a similar biphasic effect, although of lesser magnitude. In a different group of lesioned but non-dyskinetic animals, the CSF concentration of HVA also was elevated 24 hours after estradiol. These results support our hypothesis that estradiol shares several properties with neuroleptics, and in particular, reduces, then enhances the sensitivity of striatal dopaminergic receptors. PMID- 6514934 TI - Effect of estradiol and haloperidol on hypophysectomized rat brain dopamine receptors. AB - The effect of chronic haloperidol and estradiol treatments on dopamine receptors independent from the pituitary has been studied in ovariectomized (ovx) and hypophysectomized (hypox) rats. The striatal dopamine receptor density (Bmax) of hypox rats as measured with [3H]spiperone binding was increased after chronic estradiol or haloperidol treatment, while receptor affinity was unchanged. In hypox rats, estradiol given during withdrawal from haloperidol decreased the characteristic increase in dopamine receptor density observed upon withdrawal from this neuroleptic, while the estrogen was ineffective when given concomitantly with haloperidol. These results in hypox rats are similar to those observed in ovx rats, suggesting that haloperidol and estradiol influence striatal dopamine function independently of the pituitary. PMID- 6514935 TI - Adult erotosexual status and fetal hormonal masculinization and demasculinization: 46,XX congenital virilizing adrenal hyperplasia and 46,XY androgen-insensitivity syndrome compared. AB - Among 30 young women with a history of the treated adrenogenital syndrome (CVAH), 11 (37%) rated themselves as bisexual or homosexual. Among a control group consisting of 15 women with the 46,XY androgen-insensitivity syndrome (AIS) plus 12 with the Rokitansky syndrome (MRKS), the corresponding figure was 2 (7%), both bisexual. Chi-square was significant beyond the 0.01 level. In Kinsey's 1953 sample 15% of women experienced homoerotic arousal imagery by age 20, and 10% had had homoerotic partner contact. The most likely hypothesis to explain the CVAH findings is that of a prenatal and/or neonatal masculinizing effect on sexual dimorphism of the brain in interaction with other developmental variables. PMID- 6514936 TI - Adrenocortical hyperactivity in newly admitted alcoholics: prevalence, course and associated variables. AB - After initial screening of 269 consecutive Psychiatry Service admissions suggested adrenal stimulation in alcoholics, 52 consecutive newly-admitted alcoholics were intensively studied in order to determine the extent of adrenal hyperactivity, how quickly it resolved and the factors associated with it. While 21% failed to show suppression of cortisol at either 0800 or 1600 hr the day following administration of dexamethasone (1 mg) at 2300 hr, no patient showed both clinical and biochemical evidence of alcoholic pseudo-Cushing's syndrome, and all patients suppressed normally eight days later. Analysis of a variety of variables, including several measures of recent alcohol consumption, alcohol withdrawal and depression failed to show significant association with nonsuppression. The DST should be interpreted cautiously in alcohol abusers during the first 10-14 days following admission. Persistent nonsuppression, however, is probably not due to alcohol abuse. PMID- 6514937 TI - Morphine inhibits cortisol and stimulates prolactin secretion in man. AB - The role of opioids in endocrine regulation has been the subject of numerous studies. Surprisingly, however, the acute endocrine effects of morphine on basal hormonal levels in man have not been adequately documented. We report here the effects of intravenous morphine (5 mg) on plasma cortisol and prolactin. Fourteen healthy volunteers (nine male, five female) received morphine at 0930 hr. Blood samples were collected immediately before and 30, 60, 90, 120 and 180 min after the injection. In six of the male subjects the procedure was repeated with a placebo (normal saline) injection. Morphine stimulated prolactin release. There was a trend for a greater response in females compared to male subjects. Cortisol secretion was markedly suppressed by morphine. In sharp contrast to the results obtained with placebo, cortisol levels following morphine declined progressively at a rate consistent with the half-life of cortisol. This downward trend of cortisol values continued uninterrupted for the duration of the experiment in all 14 subjects. These results are consistent with the presence of an inhibitory opioid mechanism in the human hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis. PMID- 6514938 TI - Effects of methylphenidate on young adults' performance and event-related potentials in a vigilance and a paired-associates learning test. PMID- 6514939 TI - Pattern recognition of self-reported emotional state from multiple-site facial EMG activity during affective imagery. PMID- 6514940 TI - Task difficulty, type A behavior pattern, and cardiovascular response. PMID- 6514941 TI - The preparedness theory of phobias: the effects of initial fear level on safety signal conditioning to fear-relevant stimuli. PMID- 6514942 TI - Voluntary movement and excitability of cutaneous eyeblink reflexes. PMID- 6514943 TI - Spectral analysis of the visual evoked potential (VEP): effects of stimulus luminance. PMID- 6514944 TI - Voluntary control of systolic blood pressure during postural change. PMID- 6514945 TI - Innocence, information, and the guilty knowledge test in the detection of deception. PMID- 6514946 TI - Comparison of the salivary changes associated with a relaxing and with a stressful procedure. PMID- 6514947 TI - Amplitude and bandwidth of the frontalis surface EMG: effects of electrode parameters. PMID- 6514948 TI - P300 latency and digit span. PMID- 6514949 TI - Cardiovascular responses of boys exhibiting the type A behavior pattern. AB - Two experiments measured the cardiovascular responses of fourth- and fifth- grade boys to tasks that were relevant to Type A characteristics. Boys were classified as Type A or Type B by the Adolescent Structured Interview (ASI) and Matthews Youth Test for Health (MYTH). Results showed that ASI and MYTH assessments were significantly and moderately correlated--a finding similar to the association among Type A measures in adulthood. During the competition induced by Experiment 1 tasks, ASI Type As showed greater elevations in heart rate than did Type Bs. During the second game of this experiment, the more extreme the Type A behavior, the greater the elevation in systolic and diastolic blood pressure. In contrast, MYTH Type As exhibited enhanced systolic blood pressure in response to the difficult, frustrating, and slow-paced tasks presented in Experiment 2. They also increased in heart rate with increasing exposure to the tasks. These results resemble the findings from the adult Type A psychophysiologic studies and suggest that the cardiovascular responses associated with the Type A pattern may begin in childhood. PMID- 6514950 TI - The impatience of youth: phasic cardiovascular response in type A and type B elementary school-aged boys. AB - Impatience, one major Type A characteristic, alters the performance of tasks requiring anticipation and accurate responding. Beat-by-beat changes in heart rate are also known to occur during anticipatory attention. In college- and middle-aged adult samples, impatience is related to these beat-by-beat heart rate changes during anticipatory attention. The objective of the current study was to see if this relationship was also present in children classified by the impatience-aggression scale of the Matthews Youth Test for Health, a measure of children's Type A behaviors. In study 1, 34 fifth-grade boys performed a modified Pong task. In study 2, 30 fourth-grade boys performed a variable interval simple reaction time task. In both studies, patient and impatient boys showed different beat-by-beat heart rate responses. The results were generally, but not wholly, consistent with the view that impatience leads to a late developing and quickly recovering but robust deceleration at the time of an anticipated event. Consistencies as well as inconsistencies of our findings with the results from college- and middle-aged samples are discussed. PMID- 6514951 TI - Relationships between urinary catecholamine metabolites, particularly MHPG, and selected personality and physical fitness characteristics in normal subjects. AB - Thirty-four normal male subjects were tested to determine the relationships between physical fitness condition (Ismail criterion), levels of self-reported depression (MMPI) and anxiety (Welsh criterion), and the urinary concentrations of 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG), normetanephrine (NM), and metanephrine (M). Urinary samples were collected after sleep and during occupational activities to ascertain the effects of different psychosocial stimuli on the relationships among the variables. Univariately, urinary MHPG did not relate to physical fitness and was moderately related to depression (p less than or equal to 0.10) during the occupational period. Multivariate canonical correlational results revealed a significant (p less than or equal to 0.04) relationship between the biochemical and personality sets of variables during the occupational settings. MHPG was the most sensitive catecholamine metabolite for reflecting depressive conditions. The results suggest a biochemical reactivity syndrome involving MHPG that may relate to depressive personality characteristics. PMID- 6514953 TI - Psychosomatic research and practice. Proceedings of the 7th world congress of the International College of Psychosomatic Medicine. Hamburg, July 17-22, 1983. PMID- 6514952 TI - Rapid communication whole blood serotonin and the type A behavior pattern. AB - In 72 young males, whole blood serotonin is shown to have a pronounced relationship with the Type A behavior pattern. The relationship is explored with multivariate statistical techniques. PMID- 6514955 TI - Prevalence and incidence of psychic disorders and the provision of psychotherapeutic care: an epidemiological field study in the Andorran Lake District 1950-1980. PMID- 6514954 TI - Ernst August Dolle's views on German psychosomatics. PMID- 6514956 TI - Psychosomatics of trichotillomania and related states or disorders. PMID- 6514957 TI - New observations on body organ language. PMID- 6514958 TI - Stress and the practice of medicine. III. Physicians compared with lawyers. AB - Stresses of medical practice, recognized as severe, do not increase physical morbidity and mortality of physicians but are know to have deleterious effects upon their mental well-being. This has been documented by a study of 100 physicians reported by the author previously. The hypothesis of motivation for the choice of medical profession as a vocation was explored from the point of view of personality vulnerability due to reaction formation to the fear of death and resulting compulsivity. In search of validity of vulnerability a study was undertaken on 50 lawyers residing in the same community as the studied physicians. A structured interview identical to the one used in the study of physicians was employed and computer analyzed. Results of this comparative study are reported in the current presentation. PMID- 6514959 TI - What the future holds for psychosomatic medicine. AB - In the recent past, the questions that face a comprehensive psychosomatic medicine have been defined. These questions refer to the context in which disease begins, the timing of the onset of the disease, the role of previous social experience in predisposing to disease, and the choice of the particular disease. It is suggested that a study of bereavement may be paradigmatic in answering these four questions: Bereavement has been cited as a factor in a large variety of disease. However, bereavement may produce discriminated responses of grief; helplessness, hopelessness, and giving-up; and pathological mourning. Pathological mourning in turn may be associated with autoimmune disease. There is evidence that separation and bereavement produces changes in immune function but there is as yet no evidence that it produces distortions of the immune process. There are many factors that affect the timing of disease onset, including maturational ones. Many social experiences have been shown to alter behavior and bodily function and predispose to disease. The question of the choice of disease is determined not only by the effects of bereavement and early experiences, and age, but also by a multiplicity of predisposing ones some of which have been specified. PMID- 6514960 TI - Affective expression in organic and functional gastrointestinal disease. AB - Verbal affective expression and psychometric variables were studied in a group of 5 duodenal ulcer and 6 irritable bowel patients. The aim was to assess the relevance of the alexithymia contruct to the distinction between both groups. Irritable bowel patients exhibited higher scores on Zung's depressiveness scale. Alexithymia scores were significantly higher for duodenal ulcer patients. Regarding verbal affective expression a discrimination was possible between both groups in the scale of hostility directed inward. Ulcer patients expressed less affect. These findings suggest that a distinction is possible at the behavioral level between patients with functional vs. patients with organic gastrointestinal illness, thus rendering the concept of alexithymia relevant to this nosological categorization. PMID- 6514961 TI - Taxonomic aspects of clinical character typology. AB - Whereas clinical character typology is based upon one typological idealized personality description of the same illness model, empirical character typology is concerned with the identification of the different personality structures for the same illness model. We have been able to prove that in a taxonomical analysis (Q-factor analysis) of patients and healthy persons subgroups can be identified whose mean-value profiles justify designation as depressive, compulsive, and hysterical personality. This classification was replicated from a second sample. Through this personality classification it becomes possible to determine the distribution of the three personality structures from a clinical group. The distribution of the personality structure in neurotic depression was 59% for the depressive, 19% for the compulsive, and 22% for the hysterical personality. We were able to prove that they can be characterized by various coping strategies which presumably require different psychotherapeutic interventions. PMID- 6514962 TI - The feeling of professional identity in an integrated psychosomatic approach. AB - Apart from the efficacy of an integrated psychosomatic approach there emerge problems with the psychosomaticist's feeling of professional identity which are delineated and discussed in the light of the authors' experience. For many years they took part in institutionalizing an approach combining internal and psychological medicine on the basis of a psychoanalytic orientation in a ward setting and an outpatient clinic for hypertensives which were both attached to a university hospital. The core conflict of professional identity in an approach like this is concerned with educational incompatibilities in the different fields, frictions of daily routines, and institutional tensions arising from controversial theoretical backgrounds and faculty policies. Different cognitive and action styles, varying attitudes concerning matters of timing and different necessities of empathy versus distance must be integrated like other polarities. Discussions about the favors of an integrated psychosomatic approach tend to underestimate the outlined problems of professional identity. PMID- 6514963 TI - Identification of psychosomatic and psychic disorders in non-psychiatric in patients. AB - In 322 in-patients from 5 different departments of the hospital of the Hannover Medical School the occurrence and characteristics of psychic disorders were studied. Patients were surveyed on 11 separate wards (medicine: 3; surgery: 2; neurology: 2; ear, nose and throat: 2; orthopaedics: 2). These patients represented about 78% of the actual population of the wards during a 3-week period. There was a selection bias because severely ill and patients older than 65 years were not surveyed. The screening was done by means of 6 self-report scales which were answered on 2 consecutive days. On the basis of conservative cut-off scores the amount of depressive disorders was estimated, within 5% confidential limits, between 16.1 and 24.9% of the patients of the total sample. Regarding the factor of social anxiety we found 20.7-30.3% of patients with this kind of disturbance. 9.3% of the patients scored high on both kinds of symptoms. So we had a total of 31.4-42.0% of patients with depressive or/and social anxiety disorders which should be treated by psychological means. In addition, all these measures varied for the patients in the 5 departments with the maximum of 49.2% in medicine and the minimum of about 32% in surgery and ear, nose and throat. These results offer a meaningful empirical basis for establishing different concepts of cooperation in the field of consultation-liaison activities. They are discussed with regard to the consequences for psychotherapeutic patient care in non-psychiatric hospital wards. PMID- 6514964 TI - Psychosomatic consultation-liaison service in a medical out-patient department. Experience with a random sample of patients. AB - A sample of 103 patients was chosen at random from those attending the Hamburg University medical out-patient clinic. As well as undergoing the usual diagnostic procedures, these patients were interviewed to establish whether psychosomatic factors were also involved. The results show that a high percentage of the patients was willing to accept that psychological and/or social factors played a role in their illness. There was, however, a significant negative correlation between this willingness and the length of time the illness had persisted. In 50% of the patients the clinical diagnostic procedures revealed no signs of a pathological organic condition. Approximately one quarter of the patients were suffering from psychosomatic disorders in the strict sense of the word. Almost a third of the patients received psychotherapeutic help after the diagnostic procedures had been completed. The vital importance of cooperation from the outset between medical clinicians and psychotherapists is discussed in the light of empirical findings on iatrogenic chronification and its financial and personal implications for the medical services and their patients. PMID- 6514965 TI - Psychosomatic parameters and the problem-oriented approach to biopsychosocial management. AB - While rigid systemization in the method of psychosocial management of patients in the general hospital is not recommended, guidelines to such management are of value to facilitate collaboration between members of the medical-surgical teams and liaison psychiatrists. The method utilizes psychosomatic parameters: biological, social, and psychological, in the framework of the problem-oriented approach. When used by the medical-surgical specialists, the method is conducive to facilitating diagnosis and decision-making for either the direct management by the physicians or selection of cases which may require more specialized intervention by liaison psychiatrists. The method also has considerable value for didactic and research purposes. PMID- 6514966 TI - Activity wheel stress: changes in brain norepinephrine turnover and the occurrence of gastric lesions. AB - The effects of activity wheel stress on brain regional norepinephrine (NE) and 3 methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG) content and on the occurrence of gastric lesions were investigated. Multiple gastric lesions were present in the stomachs of all rats exposed to activity wheel stress (AW). No gastric lesions were observed in any of the food consumption (FC) or untreated (UC) control rats. In AW rats, NE levels were significantly different (p less than 0.05) from UC and/or FC rats in the hypothalamus (-25%), striatum (+120%), and hippocampus (-25%). MHPG levels in AW rats were significantly (p less than 0.05) elevated in the hypothalamus (130%), thalamus (95%), neocortex (80%), midbrain (160%), pons medulla (30%), and cerebellum (100%), indicating increased NE turnover in these brain regions. The data are discussed in terms of a possible role for brain NE in the mediation of activity stress-induced gastric lesions. PMID- 6514967 TI - Taxonomic subgroups within psychosomatic disease entities: an alternative strategy to the specificity approach? AB - There are empirical indications that the well-known weaknesses of the different psychosomatic specificity theorems are linked to their presupposition of a one-to one relationship between one specific psychosocial configuration and one definite disease entity. An alternative conceptualization is offered: The majority of the psychosocial phenomena found within a definite disease entity fall into a small group of perhaps half a dozen different patterns. Only a minority of cases show a high variation with many different patterns - some even individually unique. This alternative concept demands different research strategies and methods which are provided by taxometrics. This is illustrated with examples from a follow-up study of anorexia nervosa. PMID- 6514968 TI - Indication in psychotherapy on the basis of a follow-up study. AB - The problem of indication is a central one of psychotherapy research. Unfortunately up to now only few scientific results contribute to a therapist's decision in selecting patients for a specific therapeutic setting. Thus, indication and outcome research should be combined. A critical view on traditional research strategies demonstrates that psychotherapy research should replace the ideal of normative and general rules by the rational investigation of one's own therapeutic practice. From this point of view some results of the Heidelberg Follow-Up Project of 110 psychotherapies which were started on an inpatient and continued on an outpatient basis are presented. Based on the therapeutic changes of these 110 patients the question is investigated whether the decisions of the indications correspond with the therapeutic goals of the treatment models. Moreover, the question is discussed what kind of success a specific treatment model offers for 'problem patients'. PMID- 6514969 TI - Short-term dynamic psychotherapy for patients with physical symptomatology. AB - Findings of the effects of short-term anxiety-provoking psychotherapy (STAPP) on neurotic patients who also complain of physical symptoms without underlying pathology are presented in this paper. The criteria and clinical requirements of STAPP as well as nine outcome criteria used to assess improvement are briefly discussed. 14 out of 48 patients complained of physical symptoms in addition to other psychological difficulties. Out of 13 patients who were rated as 'recovered' or 'much better', the physical symptoms had disappeared in 5 and were 'much better' in 7, and a little better in 1. Only 1 patient was 'unchanged' psychologically and physically. PMID- 6514970 TI - Psychosocial aspects of disease and their management. AB - The pathogenesis of psychosomatic distress is considered. This emphasises interest in aetiology of distress rather than solely of disease. The influence of psychological aspects is as important whether the disease is of known or unknown aetiology, and can be of greater importance in poorer socio-economic circumstances. The doctor's role is to tease out the influence of these many factors. Certainly a holistic approach is necessary to assess and manage appropriately patients with disability. There is an important role for psychiatrists within services for management of such patients. Leadership by all doctors and psychiatrists in particular to apply the holistic approach should be encouraged. PMID- 6514971 TI - Symptom formation. AB - The issue of symptom formation in patients is discussed in terms of evolution relating to cultures and changes in disease patterns. Determinants of symptoms depend upon a host of factors including the individual's developmental history and personality, the setting in which illness develops, the contemporary social status of the individual, the cognitive and affective state, and the resources based on learning that the individual has in coping and adapting to stressful situations threatening the stability of the organism. PMID- 6514972 TI - The relationship of pathogenetic mechanisms to treatment in patients with pain. AB - Pain is the somatic symptom par excellence, legitimizing more than any other the sick role and illness behavior. The functions and implications of pain are clearest in situations of acute illness or injury or in chronic, organically based conditions in which actual or threatened tissue damage is signaled by its report. Much greater complexity is found in a variety of clinical presentations (conversion hysteria, hypochondriasis, chronic pain syndromes, Briquet's syndrome, Munchausen's syndrome) in which pain may form part or all of the clinical picture. In such conditions the relationship of the patient's report of pain to other phenomena (tissue damage, physiopathology, perceptual and cognitive styles, personality type, individual and family psychodynamics, anxiety, depression, behavioral patterns, social and economic factors, cultural influences) is important in elucidating pathogenetic mechanisms of which several may be operating in any one case. Awareness of the existence and interaction of these mechanisms facilitates the development and integration of treatment approaches. PMID- 6514973 TI - Alexithymia and symptom formation. AB - In regard to its clinical descriptive aspects the concept of alexithymia is based on a broad consensus of the investigators. However, with respect to its etiopathogenesis (hereditary, neurophysiological, sociogenic, psychogenic) and its relevance for the formation and maintenance of psychosomatic symptoms, this concept is controversial and unclear. In this context the psychodynamic aspects which are under discussion for the development and maintenance of alexithymic behavior are reported particularly from an object relations point of view. Some resulting principles for a possible psychotherapy of these patients are finally presented. PMID- 6514974 TI - Threat to social status and cardiovascular risk. AB - An approach focusing on the detrimental role of fundamental threats to one's social status for cardiovascular pathology is briefly outlined. Recent findings of epidemiologic studies in humans and experimental studies in monkeys are interpreted in this framework. Results of a large retrospective case-control study on 380 male patients with clinically documented first acute myocardial infarction (AMI), aged 30-55, and matched controls show a significantly higher percentage of subjects experiencing occupational downward mobility, forced occupational change, and recent cut-down in personnel combined with increased work load in the patient group. Finally, first results of an ongoing prospective study on blue-collar workers are presented indicating predictive power of these social stressors for new AMI cases if combined with indicators of a critically lowered coping threshold. PMID- 6514975 TI - [Reflections on the psychoanalytic health concept]. PMID- 6514976 TI - [Relations to schizophrenic patients at the level of the Balint group]. PMID- 6514977 TI - [Diagnostic evaluation of patients with cardiac death phobia: an approach for integrating various psychologic explanatory concepts]. PMID- 6514978 TI - [Psychosocial status and the reaction to life threatening illness--a comparison of breast cancer and dialysis patients]. PMID- 6514979 TI - [Coping behavior in the preoperative phase]. PMID- 6514980 TI - Epilepsy: psychiatric aspects and use of psychotropics. PMID- 6514981 TI - Psychosocial intervention with the child cancer patient and family. PMID- 6514982 TI - Depression and anxiety associated with secondary amenorrhea. PMID- 6514983 TI - Delirium and depression. PMID- 6514984 TI - Antidepressant side effects. PMID- 6514985 TI - Neuropsychiatric presentation of men with pituitary tumors (the 'four A's'). PMID- 6514986 TI - Combined treatment of refractory depression with an MAO inhibitor and a tricyclic. PMID- 6514987 TI - Neuropathology of memory disorders. PMID- 6514988 TI - Assessment of memory loss. PMID- 6514989 TI - Drug treatment of memory defects in the elderly. PMID- 6514990 TI - Memory loss and affective disorders. PMID- 6514991 TI - Physiologic changes of aging and their clinical impact. PMID- 6514992 TI - Mechanoreceptors of the rabbit duodenum. AB - A preparation is described which allowed the investigation of single-unit afferent activity in non-myelinated mesenteric nerves in urethane-anaesthetized rabbits. Three classes of mechanoreceptors were isolated and were located in the muscularis externa (n = 17), the serosa (n = 5) and the mesentery (n = 2). Intraluminal perfusion of chemical solutions containing glucose and hypertonic saline caused increased movement in the loop and also excited mechanoreceptors. No specific chemoreceptors were identified. The results demonstrate that duodenal mechanoreceptors with non-myelinated axons in the rabbit are indirectly sensitive to the chemical composition of duodenal chyme. PMID- 6514993 TI - The effects of short-term voluntary immobilization on the contractile properties of the human triceps surae. AB - In four male subjects one leg was immobilized in a full leg cast for 2 weeks. Measurements of the contractile properties of both triceps surae were made before, during and after immobilization. There was a significant increase in the mean twitch time to peak tension (Tc) after 1 week of immobilization from 126 +/- 10 ms to 143 +/- 20 ms (P less than 0.05) and in the half-relaxation time (T1/2r) from 88 +/- 7 ms to 107 +/- 12 ms (P less than 0.01). There were no further significant (P less than 0.1) changes in the twitch characteristics during the second week of immobilization. The strength of a maximal voluntary contraction (m.v.c.) declined by 11% (P less than 0.05) after 1 week and 24% (P less than 0.05) after 2 weeks. Twitch tension, tetanic tension and muscle fatigability were not significantly altered during immobilization. Muscle (plus bone) calf cross sectional area (A) was reduced by 5% (P less than 0.01) after 1 week and a further 3% (P less than 0.05) after 2 weeks. The Tc and T1/2r of the twitch, m.v.c. and A returned to control values within 2, 7, 4 and 14 d respectively. No significant (P less than 0.01) changes were observed in the mechanical properties of the triceps surae of the contralateral limb during the period of immobilization. The results suggest that short-term voluntary immobilization is associated with atrophy and a diminished capacity of the muscle to develop maximal voluntary force.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6514994 TI - Perinatal development of tubular function in the pig. AB - Renal tubular function has been studied in pig fetuses of 105-112 d gestational age in new-born pigs 5-9 d old. The experiments were performed on anaesthetized animals, urines being collected by inserting a catheter into one ureter of the animal under study. The glomerular filtration rate was estimated and plasma concentrations and urinary excretion of the following substances were measured: sodium, potassium, calcium, ammonia, urea, phosphate, glucose fructose, creatinine, protein and exogenous 4-aminohippuric acid, and inulin. The reabsorption of water was considered in relation to the plasma vasopressin values. New-born pigs were loaded with glucose and fructose in order to determine the maximal tubular transport rate of these substances. Significant changes at birth occur in only a few functions of the tubulus system. Following delivery, major changes are: (1) the increased reabsorption of sodium and water which is probably the most important adaptation to extra-uterine life; (2) an apparent increasing impermeability of the tubular epithelium for creatinine, and (3) the direction of transport of fructose, which is reabsorbed by fetuses whereas neonates demonstrate a net secretion. Glucose and fructose are transported by different mechanisms. The experiments with fructose-loaded piglets demonstrate that there are at least two transport mechanisms for fructose: reabsorption - either passive or active - and secretion. The factors causing a shifting from one mechanism to the other are not yet known. PMID- 6514995 TI - Post-natal change and regional variation of the response of the vas deferens of new-born rats to autonomic drugs. AB - The vas deferens isolated from rats of different ages (11-60 d old) was bisected to provide an epididymal and a prostatic half. The contractile responses of both halves to potassium ions, adrenergic agents (noradrenaline, isoprenaline and tyramine), cholinergic agents (acetylcholine, methacholine and tetramethylammonium), histamine and serotonin were measured. The response to 150 mM potassium, which was regarded as an approximate measure of full contractility of the preparation, increased in parallel with the organ weight. Most of the agonists could induce the full contractility in both halves until 3-4 weeks of age, but thereafter they could produce only smaller responses than the full contractility in either or both halves, resulting in a differentiation of the halves in the response to agonists. A regional variation of the post-natal development of alpha-adrenergic, muscarinic and nicotinic responses is discussed. PMID- 6514996 TI - Components of injury (haemorrhage and tissue ischaemia) affecting cardiovascular reflexes in man and rat. AB - The effects of two components of tissue injury, namely fluid loss from the circulation and tissue ischaemia, on cardiovascular reflex activity have been studied. Moderate blood loss (10-20% blood volume) in the unanaesthetized rat increased the slope of the regression line relating heart period to mean arterial blood pressure and usually displaced it to the left (i.e. towards a relative bradycardia). A blood donation of 500 ml (approximately 10% blood volume) increased the Valsalva ratio in conscious man without a change in resting pulse rate. However, a 15 min period of unilateral limb ischaemia in man reduced the Valsalva ratio. The pattern of change in the pulse rat response to the Valsalva manoeuvre produced by limb ischaemia closely resembles that found previously after limb injury in man. There was no evidence that the endogenous opioids were involved in the interaction between limb ischaemia and cardiovascular reflex activity in man. PMID- 6514997 TI - Effect of limb ischaemia on blood pressure and the blood pressure-heart rate reflex in the rat. AB - The effects of bilateral hind-limb ischaemia on blood pressure and on the blood pressure-heart rate reflex have been studied in the rat. Limb ischaemia increased blood pressure and decreased the elevation and slope of the regression line describing the relationship between heart period (H.P.) and mean arterial pressure (M.A.P.). Nociceptive afferents from muscle receptors using long fibre tracts in the anterolateral part of the spinal cord seem to be responsible for the changes seen. The changes in the blood pressure-heart rate reflex were mediated by a combination of vagal inhibition and sympathetic activation. The efferent pathway for the pressor effect was in the sympathetic outflow. Central catecholaminergic neurones were involved in the pressor effect of limb ischaemia but not in the changes in the blood pressure-heart rate reflex. Electrolytic lesions in the posterior hypothalamus attenuated the inhibition of the reflex and it is suggested that neurones in the defence area may be activated by limb ischaemia. The interaction between limb ischaemia and the H.P.-M.A.P. relationship was not affected by opioid antagonists. After the period of ischaemia there was an increase in the elevation of the regression line describing the relationship between H.P. and M.A.P. which was secondary to the fall in body temperature characteristic of this phase of the response to injury. PMID- 6514998 TI - Function of the lower intestine and osmoregulation in the ostrich: preliminary anatomical and physiological observations. AB - The gross anatomy of the lower intestine of the African ostrich (Struthio camelus) was investigated in four adult birds shot in the wild. The presence of 80 cm long paired caeca, and approximately 10 m of colon between ileum and the cloaca was confirmed. Urine, but not faeces, was found in the coprodeum. Retrograde flow into the colon was not observed. Samples of contents from the lower intestine were secured from these birds and the water content, osmolality and concentrations in the supernatant of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), acetate, Na, K and Cl and pH were measured. In the caeca and the orad wide part (2-3 m) of the colon an avid production of SCFA takes place since the concentration of SCFA reached around 200 mM in these segments. As judged from a pronounced fall in the concentrations of Na and SCFA along the length of the colon, these ions are absorbed together with water. The water content falls from 92 to 67% (i.e. from 11.5 to 2.0 ml H2O/g dry matter). The mid-gut fermentation of carbohydrate is in agreement with the observation that the birds were feeding exclusively on Euphorbia heterochroma. This succulent plant (water content 87%) apparently makes the birds independent of surface water. Laboratory studies were performed on two captive male chicks. Hyperosmotic NaCl loading was unable to activate the nasal glands to secretion. Their ducts passed directly from the frontal/lacrimal bone to the nasal cavity. Dehydration confirmed a maximal osmolality of the cloacal urine of around 800 mosmol/l, the osmotic urine to plasma ratio being 2.5. Feeding of either a low- or a high-NaCl diet did not affect the transepithelial electrical potential difference of the coprodeal wall. It remained less than 5 mV, lumen negative. PMID- 6514999 TI - Motilin and migrating myoelectric complexes in the pig and the dog. AB - Associations between migrating myoelectric complexes (m.m.c.s) and peak plasma motilin concentrations were confirmed in the dog fasted 18 h and shown not to be present in pigs fasted 3-4 h. Infusions of both natural porcine and synthetic 13 Nle-motilin failed to induce m.m.c.s in the pig. It was confirmed that motilin infusions stimulated the premature appearance of m.m.c.s in the dog whether motilin remained within, or exceeded, its normal plasma values. Immunoneutralization by intravenous administration of rabbit antimotilin serum was without effect on naturally occurring m.m.c.s in the dog and the pig. In the dog, antimotilin serum blocked production of m.m.c.s by exogenous motilin for 7 10 d post-immunoneutralization. It is suggested that there are both: (i) species differences in associations of m.m.c.s and plasma motilin concentration, and (ii) an independence of m.m.c.s from plasma motilin even in the dog in which normally exogenous motilin can produce m.m.c.s. PMID- 6515000 TI - Recovery in malignant hypertension presenting as acute renal failure. AB - Malignant hypertension may present occasionally with acute renal failure. Seven patients with this syndrome were admitted to the Renal Unit of the Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, between 1977 and 1981 giving an estimated incidence of one per million of the population per year. All the patients smoked and all had features of microangiopathic haemolytic anaemia. Renal biopsies showed arterial subintimal changes with relative sparing of glomeruli in each case. Good control of blood pressure led to significant recovery of renal function in five of the seven patients after 10-44 days of peritoneal dialysis. Renal function improved progressively over the first year and the improvement has been sustained for an average of 24 months (range 15-62 months). Mean serum creatinine when last measured was 248 mumol/l (range 125-350 mumol/l). These results confirm previous reports of recovery of renal function in patients presenting with acute renal failure and malignant hypertension. The proportion of patients who improve may be higher than has been generally recognised, and recovery may last several years. The pathogenesis of the renal failure is discussed. PMID- 6515001 TI - Mediastino-abdominal lipomatosis: deep accumulation of fat mimicking a respiratory disease and ascites. Clinical aspects and metabolic studies in vitro. AB - We report on clinical and metabolic studies of a newly delineated lipomatosis, characterised by an abnormal mediastinal and abdominal accumulation of fat, without obesity. The clinical features, which occurred in all the patients studied, are: Exertional dyspnoea due to a space-occupying mediastinal accumulation of fat, without evidence of cardiac or pulmonary disease. A pseudo ascitic abdominal enlargement, due to intra- and retroperitoneal accumulation of fatty tissue. Insulin-independent diabetes mellitus. Type IV hyperlipidaemia and elevated levels of plasma uric acid were observed in four patients. Intra abdominal lipomatous tissue, obtained during laparoscopy from four patients, demonstrated a reduced lipolytic response to beta-adrenergic stimulation. Thus, fat deposition in the abdominal and mediastinal areas could be causally related to defective lipid mobilization in lipomatocytes. Lipoprotein lipase activity in abdominal adipose tissue were normal in two patients (10.0 and 10.6 nmol/g/min) and markedly elevated in another two patients (37.3 and 49.9 nmol/g/min), as compared with controls (12.7 +/- 2.1 nmol/g/min). When expressed on per cell basis, LPL activity in lipomatous tissue was significantly higher than in control tissue (3.21 +/- 1.1 nmol/10(5) cell/min vs 0.92 +/- 0.16 nmol/10(5) cell/min). Lipoprotein fractionation did not demonstrate consistent modification of the serum lipoprotein pattern. HDL and HDL2 cholesterol values were reduced, even in patients with elevated LPL activity in adipose tissue. PMID- 6515002 TI - Tuberculosis hepatitis: a clinical review of 96 cases. AB - Hepatic tuberculosis was confirmed in 96 patients presenting with the features of liver disease, only 14 of whom had other concomitant hepatic pathology. Although respiratory symptoms occurred in 74 per cent of cases, these were overshadowed by the abdominal manifestations. The latter most frequently included right hypochondrial pain, abdominal distension, firm tender hepatomegaly, splenomegaly and ascites. Icterus was observed in 11 cases (only one of whom had concurrent hepatic pathology) and liver failure was found in 10 patients. A surgical presentation occurred in three patients. Four of 15 patients with pancytopenia were noted to have hypersplenism. Abnormalities in coagulation were noted in 26 patients (24 with low prothrombin index and two with moderately raised fibrinogen degradation products). The characteristic serum profile included hyponatraemia (64 per cent of cases), raised alkaline phosphatase (83 per cent) and gamma glutamyl transferase (77 per cent), hypoalbuminaemia (63 per cent) and hypergammaglobulinaemia (83 per cent). Transaminase levels were moderately elevated in 78 per cent of cases. Hepatic imaging techniques were frequently misleading. Chest radiographs aided the diagnosis but were normal in 25 per cent of cases. Histologically, acid fast bacilli, caseation and granulomas were seen in 9, 83 and 96 per cent of cases respectively. Adverse prognostic features included age (below 20 years), miliary TB, coagulation defects and the presence of predisposing factors; these were of value in selecting appropriate therapy. The overall mortality was 42 per cent. Liver biopsy was the most useful aid to correct diagnosis which was suspected clinically in only 47 per cent of cases. PMID- 6515003 TI - The problems of tuberculosis in the elderly. AB - A prospective study of tuberculosis notifications from 1976 to 1980 in the North Staffordshire Health District (NSHD), an area with only a small immigrant population, has been carried out. The notification rate for all new cases of tuberculosis in white patients over 55 years of age in the NSHD was twice that reported for England and Wales by the Medical Research Council (1980). Of 433 cases in all ethnic groups 52 (12 per cent) were diagnosed only at necropsy. In addition 48 (11 per cent) died before treatment was completed. Tuberculosis was the only cause of death in 39 of these 100 cases and contributed to death in a further 19 cases, the site of disease being thoracic in 86. Of those who died before completion of treatment, tuberculosis was the cause of death or contributory in 23 and 16 of the 23 (70 per cent) had been on treatment for less than 13 weeks. Death occurred more commonly before or during treatment with increasing age. In a retrospective study of treatment during 1979 and 1980, major unwanted drug-induced effects occurred in 40 per cent of all treated cases in the over-65 age group, mostly related to rifampicin. The survey highlighted the problems of tuberculosis in the elderly white population. They present with advanced disease, are diagnosed late and their course is complicated by other disease and a poor tolerance of therapy. PMID- 6515004 TI - Federal support of biomedical research in American universities. PMID- 6515005 TI - [Molecular mechanisms of interphase death of lymphoid cells. Distribution of transcribable sequences in products of the postradiation degradation of rat thymus chromatin]. AB - The method of hybridization was used to study the presence of the transcribed sequences in PDN subfractions. As a component of mononucleosomes possessing a high electrophoretic motility DNA was enriched with the diverse unique transcribed siquences. It was shown that during the postirradiation degradation of the chromatin the mononucleosome fragments of PDN were mainly formed from the genome sites active in transcription whereas the high molecular weight fragments contained its repressed sequences. PMID- 6515006 TI - [Study of radiation damage to nuclear membranes by IR spectroscopy and monolayer technics]. AB - A study was made of the effect of X-radiation on nuclear membranes. Good resolution spectra of nuclear membrane of equal effective thickness were obtained by the method of internal reflection spectroscopy in the infrared region. The experiment indicated the presence of major characteristic bands of protein and phospholipid molecular groups of non-irradiated nuclear membranes. Conformational changes in the samples of the exposed (100 and 1000 Gy) lipoprotein complex resulted in some quantitative changes in the absorption intensities of the molecular groups of membranes. These data are consistent with the behaviour of nuclear membranes on the interphase, studied by the Langmur monolayer technique, and with the changes in the membrane morphology observed with the electron microscope. PMID- 6515007 TI - [Mutagenic action of tritium on germ cells of male mice. Aftereffects of 3H glucose incorporation]. AB - The frequency of dominant lethal mutations (DLM) in differentiating spermatogenic cells and of reciprocal translocations (RT) in stem spermatogonia, as well as the loss of testis mass were determined after the administration of 3.3 MBq/D-glucose 6(3)H to mice. The absorbed dose in germ cells amounted to 0.95 +/- 0.06 Gy with 17% of the dose being attributed to radiation from bound tritium. The levels of the genetic effects of DLM and RT and the dependence of the DLM frequency upon the stage of the irradiated cell were nearly the same as those observed in the experiment with tritium oxide. The loss of testis mass to 54% of the control, 30 days after exposure, resembled that produced by THO. The value of the reaction determined by all three tests was in accordance with the value of the absorbed dose with regard to the known doubled effectiveness of low-energy beta-radiation and did not need the hypothesis of the heterogeneity of the dose distribution and the influence of tritium transmutation. PMID- 6515009 TI - [Viscosimetric analysis of the dynamics of alkaline lysis of mammalian cell nuclei as a method of studying radiation damage to DNA structures]. AB - The method is proposed for the analysis of DNA viscosity during alkaline lysis of rat thymocyte nuclei which permits to reveal early changes in the DNA structure at doses of 0.5 to 1 Gy. Doses from 0.5 to 30 Gy were chosen for the experiment. The changes in the lysis dynamics, the decrease in the intrinsic viscosity maximum [eta], and the increase in the alkaline lysis rate were shown to be a function of radiation dose. PMID- 6515008 TI - [Effect of restricted feeding on metabolic changes in lipids following a single lethal irradiation of rats]. AB - A study was made of the influence of adaptation of rats to limited feeding (2 h a day during 3 weeks) and the response of the adapted animals to total-body X irradiation with a lethal dose of 14.35 Gy. The concentration of unesterified fatty acids in the blood and the total cholesterol content were shown to decrease between the 1st and 24th hours following irradiation: the content of phospholipids decreased 60 min after irradiation. In the bone marrow of rats adapted to limited feeding, a more pronounced accumulation of triacylglycerols was noted as late as 72 h after irradiation. PMID- 6515010 TI - [Dose-response relationship of the yield of chromosome aberrations in a human lymphocyte culture following gamma-irradiation at high doses]. AB - A study was made of the yield of chromosome aberrations in a human lymphocyte culture at the G0 stage after 60Co-gamma-irradiation with doses of 5-12 Gy. It was shown that a linear-quadratic dependence of the aberration frequency observed with median doses became purely linear at high doses. PMID- 6515011 TI - [Effect of endotoxin on the migration of hematopoietic colony-forming cells and on the repopulation of hematopoietic organs in partially irradiated mice]. AB - In experiments on (CBA X C57BL)F1 hybrids it was shown that the administration of sublethal doses of endotoxin to locally exposed (spleen, 9 Gy) animals enhanced the repopulation of the exposed haemopoietic tissue (spleen and bone marrow). It is concluded that endotoxin has a favourable action on the recovery of haemopoiesis of partially irradiated mice which confirms the idea of the possibility of using stimulators instead of autotransplantation of bone marrow from intact parts. PMID- 6515012 TI - [Application of the Gompertz mortality law to the prognosis of lifespan shortening due to chronic internal irradiation]. AB - In experiments on albino rats received strontium 90 in daily doses of 1.85 to 185 kBq/day the regularities of death were studied. It was shown that death of animals exposed to chronic internal radiation followed the Gomperz B. mortality law. PMID- 6515013 TI - [Relation between radiation dosage and blood indices in radioteletherapy]. AB - A tissue dose delivered to the focus during the course of distant radiotherapy of patients with the inoperable lung cancer was estimated with a reference to some blood indices. The most important parameters were found determining the dose for the pathologic focus. The regresion equations were obtained permitting, within the given accuracy, to determine the radiation dose to be delivered to the pathologic focus during the radiotherapeutic course with a reference to the considered localization and technique of irradiation. PMID- 6515014 TI - [Change in the ornithine carbamoyltransferase activity in rats following roentgen irradiation and administration of a vitamin-coenzyme complex]. AB - A whole-body X-irradiation (5.82 Gy) increases the activity of ornithine carbamoyl transferase (OCT) on days 3, 7, 15 and 60. After the administration of a complex of vitamins and coenzymes on days 7, 15 and 60 OCT activity decreased as compared to that of untreated animals. A correlation was noted between the activity of OCT in the liver and blood serum. PMID- 6515016 TI - Symposium on magnetic resonance imaging. PMID- 6515015 TI - [Mechanism of action of dialkylaminoethylthiol derivatives of pyrimidine and quinazoline]. AB - A study was made of acute toxicity and radioprotective efficiency of some heterocyclic isothiuronium analogues and their ability to change the oxygen uptake by the organism. The rate of hydrolysis of the preparations in vitro was determined. A correlation was found between the above-mentioned indices. On the basis of the data obtained it was concluded that aminothiol, formed as the result of enzymic digestion in the organism, was responsible for the radioprotective effect of the compounds under study since it reduced the oxygen uptake by the organism. PMID- 6515017 TI - Basic principles of magnetic resonance imaging. AB - This article presents a description of how magnetic resonance signals arise, how they are observed, and how they are used to form images. Also discussed are what these signals can reveal about various properties of tissue and what the roles of key instrument settings are in maximizing the information. PMID- 6515018 TI - Magnetic resonance imaging of the pituitary gland. AB - Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), a nonionizing, biologically safe imaging technique, is bringing the desired goal of directly imaging the pituitary gland very close to reality. The exquisite anatomic demonstration of the gland and hypophyseal stalk and the perisellar structures and the usefulness of tissue characterizations (T1 and T2 values) firmly establish the role of MRI in imaging of pituitary gland abnormalities, with the potential of becoming the procedure of choice. PMID- 6515019 TI - Magnetic resonance imaging of the thorax. AB - Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a new technique in chest radiology. It appears to be particularly useful in examining the hila. Other regions of the mediastinum can also be successfully imaged, and vessels are well seen. MRI has become the procedure of choice for evaluating dissecting aortic aneurysms, especially in stable patients. Imaging of other conditions and diseases has yielded information comparable to that obtained with CT. PMID- 6515020 TI - Magnetic resonance imaging of the heart. AB - Magnetic resonance (MR) has noninvasively imaged the proximal coronary arteries, areas of infarction, and a variety of congenital heart lesions. Further technical improvement may extend cardiac MR from the realm of research to clinical utility. PMID- 6515021 TI - Magnetic resonance imaging of the liver. AB - In this article, the author discusses his experience with a 0.30-T superconducting magnet for evaluation of the liver. This discussion includes evaluation of malignant and benign disease and comparison of MRI with CT scanning. PMID- 6515022 TI - Magnetic resonance imaging of the adrenal glands. AB - In this article, the authors provide a discussion of how magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is used to image the adrenal glands, how the glands appear on MR images, and what pathology can be detected at present. Although experience with MRI of the adrenal glands is still limited, the authors anticipate a promising future for the technique in this area because of its lack of ionizing radiation and its ability to easily demonstrate blood vessels. PMID- 6515023 TI - [Fever of unknown origin]. AB - A 54-year-old man suffered from intermittent episodes of high fever up to 40 degrees C for a period of about 2 years. In 1945 he was wounded by a shell fragment entering the left lower thorax. Finally the combination of diagnostic procedures revealed the origin of the fever. A colonic fistula leading to the shell fragment in the spleen was found. PMID- 6515024 TI - [Cause of bacteriuria?]. PMID- 6515025 TI - [An exclusive shaker for adherence at microcarrier on animal cells]. PMID- 6515026 TI - [Amino acid sequence analysis by FITC method]. PMID- 6515027 TI - Additional studies on pregnancy termination and inhibition of the monkey corpus luteum with 5-oxa-17-phenyl-18,19,20-trinor-PGF1 alpha methyl ester and structurally related prostaglandins. AB - Oral administration of 5-oxa-17-phenyl-18,19,20-trinor-PGF1 alpha methyl ester (PGF-analog) resulted in a consistent and dose-dependent inhibition of corpus luteum progesterone production in nonpregnant rhesus monkeys concomitantly treated with human chorionic gonadotropin. Similarly, vaginal suppositories containing PGF-analog also inhibited the monkey corpus luteum. Side effects by the oral route of administration were minimal, whereas side effects following vaginal treatment with PGF-analog were higher. Five prostaglandins with structural similarity to PGF-analog were studied for their ability to inhibit the monkey corpus luteum, but none showed an advantage over the parent molecule. PGF analog did not synergize with 9-deoxo-16,16-dimethyl-9-methylene-PGE2 for the inhibition of the monkey corpus luteum, nor did it synergize with (15S)-15-methyl PGF2 alpha methyl ester for the interruption of early pregnancy in the monkey. 9 Deoxo-9-methylene-5-oxa-17-phenyl-18,19-20-trinor-PGE1 methyl ester did not terminate early gestation in the monkey at doses of 8 or 24 mg. PMID- 6515028 TI - [In vivo study of cellular immunity in patients with scleroderma]. PMID- 6515029 TI - [Retrospective evaluation of patients with atopic dermatitis]. PMID- 6515030 TI - [Psoriasis in childhood]. PMID- 6515031 TI - [Gangrenous pyoderma associated with chronic suppurative focus, extreme emaciation and dysproteinemia]. PMID- 6515032 TI - [Case of skin changes caused by Trichophyton terrestre]. PMID- 6515033 TI - [Syphilis and gonorrhea in Poland 1983. Epidemiological status in the provinces]. PMID- 6515034 TI - [Effect of probenecid on penicillin levels of the cerebrospinal fluid and blood serum in patients treated with procaine G penicillin]. PMID- 6515035 TI - [Treatment of non-gonococcal urethritis in men with cyclic erythromycin carbonate (Davercin)]. PMID- 6515036 TI - [Metapsychology is no psychology]. PMID- 6515037 TI - [Role of the psychoanalyst in the healing process. On the theory of therapy]. PMID- 6515038 TI - [Nutrition and health of the population]. PMID- 6515039 TI - [Immediate results of septostomy by the Rashkind method in newborn infants with transposition of the great arteries]. PMID- 6515040 TI - [Iron and cobalt levels and the morphological state of the blood in EPH gestosis]. PMID- 6515041 TI - [EEG and neurological examination of patients after myocardial infarct]. PMID- 6515042 TI - [Differential diagnosis of diarrhea]. PMID- 6515043 TI - [Congenital anomalies of the systemic veins in children]. PMID- 6515044 TI - [Proline levels and collagen metabolism in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus]. PMID- 6515045 TI - [Pneumonia as the cause of infant mortality]. PMID- 6515046 TI - [Rare hematological changes in bronchogenic carcinoma]. PMID- 6515047 TI - Ownership of inventions from federally funded research. PMID- 6515048 TI - The reactions of recoil tritium atoms with toluene in the C6F6-moderated systems. AB - The T-for-H substitution reaction was studied in the recoil tritium reactions with toluene in C6F6-moderated systems. The moderator-free control experiment showed an approximately uniform labeling in the aromatic ring, with a slightly enhanced reactivity in the ortho- and para-positions (o: 41%, m: 38%, p: 21%) and showed a preference for ring tritiation over methyl group tritiation (23 relative to the corresponding ring assumed as a standard (= 100)). The addition of hexafluorobenzene progressively changed the uniform distribution to a marked ortho- and para-orientation and decreased the relative tritium activity of the methyl group. If the C6F6/PhCH3 mole ratio is 204, the tritium distribution in the ring is o: 53%, m: 22%, p: 25% and the methyl group activity is reduced to 2. The data show the existence of the threshold energy of side chain tritiation and that the selective aromatic ring tritiation is given by increasing contribution of the reactions of tritium atoms having lower energy than the threshold energy. PMID- 6515049 TI - [Uptake of 67Ga into the rat liver after treatment with thioacetamide]. AB - 67Ga uptake of the liver began to elevate from the 1st day and reached a maximum at the 2nd day of treatment with thioacetamide (TIAA). Incorporation of 3H thymidine into the liver DNA fraction was reached a maximum at the 1.5th day, and the value was 5.7 times of the control. The uronic acid content and 35S incorporation in the 1.2 M NaCl-soluble fraction which contained predominantly heparan sulfate (HS), were both peaked at the 2nd day. These patterns were in good agreement with that of 67Ga uptakes in the liver treated with TIAA. Pretreatment of aminoacetonitrile, an inhibitor of fibrosis, was effective in lowering the elevated uptake of 67Ga in TIAA-treated rat liver. Uptake of the 67Ga in the TIAA-treated liver was also inhibited when they were treated with cycloheximide, an inhibitor of protein synthesis. On the other hand no significant inhibition was observed in the cytosine arabinoside-treated-TIAA rats. These results suggest that HS may be involved in the 67Ga uptake in damaged liver, and that relation between 67Ga uptake and cell proliferation is secondary. PMID- 6515050 TI - [Evaluation of gamma camera collimator for regional cerebral blood flow measurements using a 133Xe inhalation method]. AB - In the measurements of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) using inhalation of 133Xe gas, the activity present is generally limited in lower levels than those of usual brain scintigraphy. Measurements with low count-rate are usually resulted in diminishing the accuracies of results obtained. Therefore, it is necessary to make measurements using a high sensitive collimator for getting as much count-rate as possible when a gamma camera is used. The relationships among sensitivity and structures of multi-parallel collimator were mathematically analyzed. The results of analysis suggested that sensitivity usually increased by using a collimator with holes of reduced height and diameter. A prototype multi parallel collimator with holes of low height and small diameter was made in our laboratory for testing sensitivity and resolution. The collimator possessing 1141 holes of 6 mm phi in hole diameter, 1.5 cm is hole height and septal thickness of 1 mm lead showed 24 times more sensitive than those of a general all purpose collimator supplied by the manufacturer. However, resolution measured in FWHM was of 9 to 14 mm at the collimator face and of 29 to 38 mm at 5 cm from the face. The results indicated that this collimator was useful enough in rCBF measurements with 133Xe inhalation using a gamma camera. The mathematical analysis however, suggested that optimum collimator for rCBF measurements was approximate 4.5 mm phi in hole diameter and 1.0 cm in hole height. PMID- 6515051 TI - [Studies on background radioactivity in the Niigata City area--identification of natural nuclides present in underground (well) water samples]. AB - Background radioactivity levels in Niigata city area were studied through the years of 1981-1984. As the results, it was found that the gross beta radioactivity in underground (well) water samples were comparatively higher than those of other ground water samples. Ion chromatographic and gamma-ray spectroscopic determination revealed that this higher radioactivities were contributed by 40K rather than radium or thorium series nuclides or fallout originated 90Sr. PMID- 6515053 TI - [Features of level gauging by means of 252Cf neutron scattering technique]. PMID- 6515052 TI - 99mTc-DL-Homocysteine, a potential tumor imaging agent. AB - The usefulness of 99mTc-labeled DL-homocysteine as a tumor imaging agent was further supported by high concentration distribution into the tumors of human lung or stomach tumor-bearing nude mice. PMID- 6515054 TI - [Evaluation of immunoradiometric assay of thyroid stimulating hormone by using a magnetic TSH kit]. PMID- 6515055 TI - [Gated study of ventilation with 81mKr gas--distribution of air and He + O2 mixed gas]. PMID- 6515056 TI - [Simplified technique for measurement of circulating blood volume by a digital radioisotope calibrator]. PMID- 6515057 TI - [A follow-up study of lymphoscintigraphy of malignant lymphoma with 99 Tc-Re colloid]. PMID- 6515058 TI - [60Co-gamma-radiolysis of C18 unsaturated fatty acid methyl esters in an oxygen free state]. PMID- 6515059 TI - [Recommendation on standardization of radionuclide imaging (1984 update)]. PMID- 6515060 TI - [Physiologic and pharmacologic studies in the upper urinary tract: an experimental method]. PMID- 6515061 TI - [Early cytogenetic diagnosis by chorion biopsy. Preliminary communication]. PMID- 6515062 TI - [Protective effect of heparin in acute toxic renal insufficiency]. PMID- 6515063 TI - [Cardiorespiratory involvement in progressive systemic sclerosis]. PMID- 6515064 TI - [Acute idiopathic pericarditis and bradycardia]. PMID- 6515065 TI - [Hypothalamo-hypophyseal hypothyroidism in diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 6515066 TI - [Normal pressure hydrocephaly in Paget's disease of the cranium]. PMID- 6515067 TI - [Non-bacterial thrombotic endocarditis associated with tuberculosis]. PMID- 6515068 TI - [Hypervitaminosis D: a cause of hypercalcemia of unknown origin]. PMID- 6515069 TI - [A diffusion method to find the antimicrobial sensitivity of Bacteroides fragilis. Comparative study with a plate dilution technic]. PMID- 6515070 TI - [Wilson's disease. Diagnostic clues of a rare but treatable process]. PMID- 6515071 TI - [Hypermineralocorticism secondary to the topical use of corticoids]. PMID- 6515072 TI - [Possible intervention of glucagon in the genesis of various primary hyperlipemias]. PMID- 6515073 TI - [Pathologic rupture of the spleen secondary to malaria]. PMID- 6515074 TI - [Adenoma of Brunner's glands. Clinical case]. PMID- 6515075 TI - [Simultaneous secretion of cortisol and aldosterone by a black adrenal adenoma]. PMID- 6515076 TI - [Nephrolithiasis caused by triamterene]. PMID- 6515077 TI - [Systemic anaphylaxis caused by tetracyclines]. PMID- 6515078 TI - [Usefulness of the determination of DNA polymerase activity of hepatitis B virus in chronic HBsAg carriers]. PMID- 6515079 TI - [Osteoporosis and osteoporomalacia in advanced age: plasma levels of 25 hydroxycholecalciferol]. PMID- 6515080 TI - [Bacteremic pneumonias caused by gram-negative aerobic bacilli in the adult. Apropos of 35 cases]. PMID- 6515081 TI - [Neurosyphilis. Changes in its hospital incidence in a span of 14 years]. PMID- 6515082 TI - [Arterial hypertension. Analysis of various risk factors]. PMID- 6515083 TI - [Epidemiologic study of Crohn's disease in Galicia from 1976 to 1983]. PMID- 6515084 TI - [Epidemiology of alcoholism in the province of La Coruna. Its importance in hepatic diseases]. PMID- 6515085 TI - [Gastric secretion. New concepts]. PMID- 6515086 TI - [Diagnostic delay in cancer of the colon and rectum: a prospective study between 1978 and 1982]. PMID- 6515088 TI - [Reoperation of the bile ducts]. PMID- 6515087 TI - [Treatment of complete rectal prolapse using ivalon sponge. Our experience and update]. PMID- 6515089 TI - [Retroperitoneal enteroid cystadenocarcinoma (possible intestinal origin)]. PMID- 6515090 TI - [Gastric liposarcoma. Presentation of a case]. PMID- 6515091 TI - [Double gallbladder. Report of a case and review of the literature]. PMID- 6515092 TI - [Vertical transmission of hepatitis B]. PMID- 6515094 TI - [Cancer of the gastric stump]. PMID- 6515093 TI - [Benign tumors of the stomach]. PMID- 6515095 TI - [Ulcer recurrence following vagotomy for duodenal or pyloric ulcer, treated by gastrectomy. Long-term results]. PMID- 6515096 TI - [Surgery of cancer of the rectum: retrospective analysis of a series of 123 cases. I. Etiopathogenic, diagnostic and anatomo-pathologic aspects]. PMID- 6515097 TI - [Acute cholecystitis: apropos of 306 cases]. PMID- 6515098 TI - [Tactical and technical aspects of anti-obesity jejuno-ileal bypass. Follow-up of a patient operated on 51/2 years previously]. PMID- 6515099 TI - [Bouveret syndrome]. PMID- 6515100 TI - [Pneumatic lesions of the colon]. PMID- 6515101 TI - [Fundoplication. Technics. Indications (1)]. PMID- 6515102 TI - [Clinical epidemiology of active chronic hepatitis in meridional Italy. Case reports, comparison with the literature, and synthesis of a clinico-anamnestic profile of the disease]. PMID- 6515103 TI - [Nephropathy caused by intermittent acute porphyria]. PMID- 6515104 TI - [Occurrence of pressure ulcers following discharge from the hospital of patients with complete paraplegia--a long-term follow-up study]. AB - A group of 40 patients with complete paraplegia, selected to specific criteria (such as extent and location of SCI, age, cost-carrier) had been followed-up annually over a period of ten years post-onset by means of mail questionnaires. The filled-in questionnaires had been returned in all instances. The present study dealing with pressure sores occurred after discharge from hospital treatment, some 324 questionnaires, of 400 in all, have been included in the evaluation. Concerning decubitus frequency, it was found that pressure sores had occurred in 160 of the 324 years of follow-up (49.4 percent). Of these 160 instances, 53 (33.1 percent) were however classified as "short-term decubiti" because they had lasted for one to four weeks only. Notwithstanding limitations in study comparability, an attempt is made to contrast the incidence rate and ulcer durations found to findings reported elsewhere in the literature. As far as the study admitted statements on causal factors, these are grouped according to etiologies. Finally, the contribution outlines conclusions as well as consequences for prevention and therapy. PMID- 6515105 TI - [Effects of classes in "creative movement and pantomime" and "badminton" on total body coordination in older dyslexic boys]. AB - Reported previously from a U.S. empirical study of 7th grade high-school students (102 male and 84 female) where statistically significant results had been found relative to total body coordination and body image (Schneider, 1978), the effectiveness of a series of classes in "creative movement and pantomime" was verified in a 7.5-week longitudinal study of 7th grade male students (N = 20) attending remedial education at a special school for dyslexic students in Massachusetts, U.S.A. It has been possible to demonstrate that these classes had achieved statistically significant improvements in overall body coordination of Ss, measured with the body coordination test KTK - Korper-Koordinationstest fur Kinder (Schilling, Kiphart, 1974). Findings obtained from the control group (N = 20) who, during that same period, had been taught, and practising, "Badminton" in the regular sports classes, elicited the same specific, statistically significant gains in overall body coordination. These improvements are considered attributable to the additional, specific stimuli for development provided to the dyslexic students by "creative movement and pantomime" classes and the racket sport "Badminton" alike. The findings support the thesis that delayed formation of hemispheric linkage is present in dyslexic persons, and that specific movement programmes provide developmental stimuli that influence overall body coordination. PMID- 6515106 TI - [Autoaggressive behavior of the mentally retarded--results of a survey]. AB - An initial mail survey in Sweden has shown that, roughly, at least 4 percent of all mentally retarded persons display self-abusive behaviour. Those concerned usually are severely or profoundly mentally retarded, and the autoaggressive behaviour occurs very frequently, in most instances daily. Almost three quarters of self-abusing retarded persons live in institutional settings, such as special hospitals or residential homes for the mentally retarded. The age distribution found in the self-abusing population deviates substantially from the expected distribution. Life expectancy seems reduced. Gender-specific differences have not been found. A social-psychological care approach (empathy, improved life conditions, meaningful activities, systematic behavioural modification) may have an alleviating, or even remedial, influence. PMID- 6515107 TI - Sex play and behavioural sexualization in the pig. AB - The patterns of adult copulatory behaviour can be observed in piglets. This sex play is more frequent in young boars than in young sows and reaches a peak during the second neonatal month. The castration of young boars within 5 min after birth (7 animals) eliminated the intense sex play of the second month. Gonadectomy at 30 days (3 animals) did not change mounting frequency during the second month, but reduced it during the third month. Castration at 60 days (7 animals) did not influence later mounting frequency. As adults (6 to 8 months of age), boars castrated at birth or at 30 or 60 days displayed typical female immobilization after an injection of 1 mg of oestradiol benzoate intramuscularly. In those castrated at 120 or 150 days of age (4 animals in each case) the female reaction was observed in only 35% of cases. No female response was observed in boars castrated at 180 days (3 animals). Sexualization of the nervous mechanisms of sexual behaviour in boars develops slowly and progressively during the prepubertal period and is independent of the evolution of sex play. PMID- 6515108 TI - Effect of conceptus removal and intrauterine administration of conceptus tissue on luteal function in the cow. AB - Two experiments were conducted to determine the day on which the bovine embryo first affects luteal function. Experiment I was to determine the sole effect of flushing the uterine lumen and involved 12 non-inseminated heifers flushed 9, 14 and 16 days after estrus (4 animals per group). The same procedure was used to remove conceptuses from 15 pregnant heifers on days 9 (n = 4), 14 (n = 5) and 16 (n = 7) after the onset of estrus. Progesterone concentrations were measured daily throughout the cycle corresponding to conceptus removal (or flushing alone) and throughout the preceding cycle. In non-inseminated animals and when the conceptuses were removed on days 9 or 14, neither the progesterone pattern nor the inter-estrous interval was altered. By contrast, when the embryo was removed on day 16, the time of luteolysis was delayed by 4 to 7 days and the heifers were observed to be in estrus 26 to 29 days after AI. In experiment 2, 21 virgin heifers were distributed over four treatment groups. Animals in groups 2 to 4 received the following treatments twice a day between day 15 and day 19 of the estrous cycle in the horn ipsilateral to the corpus luteum: group 2 (n = 3), 0,25 ml saline; group 3 (n = 3), two 12-day-old conceptuses; group 4 (n = 5), one 16 day-old conceptus. progesterone concentrations were determined from day 13 of the cycle to 4 days after the following estrus. No antiluteolytic effect was found with intrauterine administration of either saline alone or day-12 embryos. In contrast, administration of day-16 conceptuses through the cervix (group 4) lengthened the estrous cycle by 6 to 7 days. The results of these experiments suggest that the antiluteolytic and/or luteotropic factor(s) originating from the conceptus is fully potent by day 16. Embryonic mortality occurring on day 16 or later may induce an extension of corpus luteum lifespan. PMID- 6515109 TI - [Intraenterocytic metabolism and blood uptake of caproic and oleic acids in control and actidione-cycloheximide-treated rats]. AB - Intestinal absorption of capric and oleic acids from the intestinal lumen into mesenteric portal vein blood was investigated in control and actidione cycloheximide-treated rats using the ex vivo vascular perfusion technique. The measurement of 14C-labeled lipids, 14CO2 and 14C-labeled acid-soluble products was simultaneously carried out with blood collected at 5-min intervals for 60 min. The enterocyte catabolism of capric and oleic acids, one of which was preferentially absorbed via the blood, has been interpreted by the different processes of absorption. The greater enterocyte catabolic activity with capric acid, compared to oleic acid, could be related to the slight affinity of FABP Z for this medium-chain fatty acid and also to lack of capric acid esterification; a non-negligible fraction of this fatty acid actually disappeared from the lumen and was catabolized into the enterocyte at an early stage of its absorption. The actidione-cycloheximide treatment affected oleic acid absorption via the blood to a greater degree than that of capric acid. But it modified both intestinal blood absorption and the catabolism of the two fatty acids in the same manner. PMID- 6515110 TI - In vivo milk digestion in the calf abomasum. I. Whole-casein digestion. AB - Peptide products insoluble in 12% TCA and obtained in the proximal duodenum of calves at different times after ingestion of casein solutions were characterized by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, electrofocusing and SDS pore gradient gel electrophoresis. With a 3% whole-casein solution in water the disappearance of electrophoretic bands corresponding to alpha s1 and beta caseins was observed after about 1 h 30. After 3 h and up to 7 h very acidic peptides appeared. With a 3% whole-casein solution in simulated milk ultrafiltrate, comparable patterns were obtained. Nevertheless, the acidic peptides appeared sooner, i.e. they were already detected in the first sample collected after meal ingestion. With the 2 diets, the importance of gastric proteolysis was demonstrated by the appearance of a great number of peptides of various sizes, charges and pHi. On the other hand, an effect of salts on casein proteolysis was detected. PMID- 6515111 TI - [Total vagal deafferentation and gastric emptying in swine]. AB - 50-kg pigs fed a purified wheat starch and casein diet were fitted with a gastric cannula. Gastric emptying was studied by checking the residual gastric contents at 30 min and 1, 2, 4 and 7 hrs after feeding. Five of the 25 pigs were used as controls; 5 were submitted to total vagal deafferentation including removal of the left nodose ganglion, right truncal vagotomy at the diaphragm and resection of the interconnecting branches between the two vagi on their intrathoracic course; 5 were submitted to total contralateral vagal deafferentation; 5 only underwent left truncal vagotomy and resection of the connectives; 5 were submitted to the contralateral operation. Total vagal deafferentation, suppressing bilateral afferences originating below the diaphragm, resulted in much higher residual gastric contents at all times studied after the meal. Significant gastric retention was also observed after unilateral truncal vagotomy as compared to the controls. Nevertheless, this retention was significantly lower than after total deafferentation. The reduced emptying rate after total vagal deafferentation was a result of the loss of all afferences, while the simultaneous reduction of efferences was of little importance. The mechanisms responsible for gastric retention have been discussed in relation with the sustained antral hyperactivity previously found in deafferented pigs and with the various controls of gastric emptying. Several factors may be involved, including both motor and secretory changes. The prolonged postprandial activity of the gastric antrum seemed to be a consequence of gastric retention. PMID- 6515112 TI - [Ingestion, digestion, absorption. French Nutrition Association, Strasbourg, France, 20-21 October 1983. Abstracts]. PMID- 6515114 TI - Evidence of a thromboxane A2-Ca2+ complex: a conformational approach. AB - Thromboxane A2 has been proposed as an ionophore capable to transport calcium from the platelet dense tubular system to the cytoplasm to activate the contractile proteins. However the half-life (30 sec.) of this compound limits considerably the experimental approach. The conformational analysis is proposed here as a possible way to identify such transient conformations. We bring evidence of the existence of two Ca2+-thromboxane A2 isomeric complexes: one structure responsible for the complexation-decomplexation process at the interface and one lipophilic structure able to cross the lipid membrane. PMID- 6515113 TI - [Systems of membrane transport, genetics and nutrition; the example of congenital anomalies of intestinal transport in children]. AB - As the plasma membrane of the cell, the intestinal epithelium ensures the selective functions of the entry and exit of nutriments or metabolites. These functions are controlled genetically by structural genes and eventually by regulatory genes which direct the expression of the former. The influence of some essential nutriments also plays a role. These aspects are illustrated for microorganisms. Selective, congenital intestinal malabsorptions, which are hereditary, occur in humans; their study leads to a better understanding of the genetic and nutritional control of transport mechanisms. Known anomalies of the intestinal transport of basic amino acids have been studied by showing the probable relationships with selective reabsorption deficiencies in the renale tubule and possible disorders of the urea cycle. Amino acid transport through the intestinal epithelium may be under a dual genetic control i.e. at the brush border (co-transport with sodium) as well as at the basal-lateral membrane (diffusion). It is emphasized that small peptides must be present in dietary solutions of enteral origin for amino acid absorption to be optimal. Selective malabsorption of glucose and galactose due to loss of the co-transport systems of glucose-sodium and galactose-sodium at the brush border is discussed. A comparison is made with anomalies of glucose reabsorption in the renal tubule. The digestive consequences (watery diarrhea) of the absence of sodium co transports has been underlined. A generalization is proposed. PMID- 6515115 TI - Single dose phenytoin clearance during erythromycin treatment. AB - The effects of erythromycin on the single dose kinetics of phenytoin (PHT) were studied in eight healthy, male volunteers in a crossover study. PHT was administered in a single, oral 300 mg dose either alone or after 5 days of a 7 day erythromycin regimen. Erythromycin base (333 mg) was taken orally every 8 hr. PHT concentrations were measured in plasma collected at 0, 2, 4, 8, 12, 24, 36, and 48 hr after PHT administration and in saliva at 48 hr. PHT was assayed by a polarized immunofluorescent technique. Mean (+/- SD) control values for PHT intrinsic clearance, CLint/F; volume of distribution, V/F; and half-life, t 1/2 were 0.028 (+/- 0.009) 1 X hr-1 X kg-1, 0.97, (+/- 0.33) l/kg, and 27.3 (+/- 12.4) hr, respectively. During erythromycin treatment CLint/F was 0.026 (+/- 0.011) 1 X hr-1 X kg-1, V/F was 0.87 (+/- 0.23) l/kg, and t 1/2 was 31.2 (+/- 26.1) hr. None of the mean values changed significantly due to erythromycin treatment (p greater than 0.05). Estimates of intrinsic unbound PHT clearance, CL'int/F, based upon the 48 hr salivary PHT values were 0.403 (+/- 0.170) 1 X hr 1 X kg-1 and 0.352 (+/- 0.152) 1 X hr-1 X kg-1 for the control and erythromycin phases, respectively (p greater than 0.05). When intrinsic unbound PHT clearance, CL'int/F, was calculated from CLint/F using a mean free PHT fraction, fu, of 0.069 a good correlation between CL'int/F and CL'int/F could be shown. Evaluation of the interaction on the basis of multiple plasma sample data and single salivary sample data led to the same conclusion. Even though erythromycin failed to significantly decrease mean PHT clearance, occasionally large changes in PHT clearance accompanying erythromycin treatment provide sufficient incentive to closely monitor patients taking both drugs. PMID- 6515116 TI - Oral ethanol ingestion altered nifedipine pharmacokinetics in the rat: a preliminary study. AB - We examined the pharmacokinetics of intravenously administered nifedipine in the presence or absence of concomitant alcohol ingestion in the rat. In the presence of alcohol, the area under the nifedipine plasma concentration vs. time curve and half-life of drug elimination were increased, and the rate constant of elimination was significantly decreased (p less than 0.05), while the apparent volume of distribution was apparently unaffected. Clearance, normalized to control, was significantly decreased (p less than 0.01). Since nifedipine and ethanol both undergo dehydrogenation in their metabolism, it is possible that this observed drug-drug interaction may be due to a metabolic interference. It is not known at this time whether such an interaction exists in man. PMID- 6515117 TI - Nifedipine has no effects on electrolytic equilibrium and hemoglobin oxygen affinity of human blood in vitro. AB - The in vitro effects of solutions of nifedipine on hemoglobin-oxygen affinity and electrolyte distribution between plasma and red cells were evaluated. Nifedipine did not show any effect on P50, nor in function of plasmatic pH, nor in function of intraerythrocytic pH. Red cell content of 2,3 DPG remained unchanged. There were no shifts of Na+, K+, Ca++ and Cl- between plasma and red cells. PMID- 6515118 TI - Gonadal hormone-induced changes in hepatic microsomal carboxylesterase in rats. AB - Hepatic microsomal carboxylesterase (E.C. 3.1.1.1) from rat liver microsomes showed a different capacity for the hydrolysis of various substrates. In castrated male rats, the enzyme activities towards p-nitrophenylacetate and malathion were decreased. When testosterone propionate was administered to castrated male rats, the activities of p-nitrophenylacetate and malathion hydrolases were reversely increased. However, in ovariectomized female rats, the carboxylesterase activities showed substrate-dependent changes, i.e., increase in p-nitrophenylacetate and malathion hydrolases and decrease in acetanilide and isocarboxazid hydrolases. When estradiol benzoate was administered to ovariectomized female rats, the activities of p-nitrophenyl-acetate and malathion hydrolases were decreased; and acetanilide and isocarboxazid hydrolases were increased. These results suggest that hepatic microsomal carboxylesterases may be, at least in part, regulated by gonadal hormones which exert different effects on the several isozymes of carboxylesterases. PMID- 6515119 TI - A simple method for the measurement of pineal melatonin with a high performance liquid chromatography--UV detection. AB - A new technique for determination of pineal melatonin by a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with UV detection has been developed. The melatonin level in the pineal glands of normal and orchidectomized rats was measured by this method. The pineal melatonin level gradually decreased after orchidectomy. This method provides new technique for the study of melatonin in endocrinological pharmacology. PMID- 6515120 TI - Late preventive effects on carbon tetrachloride-induced necrosis of the inhibitor of proteases 1-1-chloro-3-tosyl amido-7-amino-2-heptanone (TLCK). AB - The administration to rats of the inhibitor of proteases 1-1-chloro-3-tosyl-amido 7-amino-2-heptanone (TLCK) 6 or 10 h after carbon tetrachloride (CCl4), significantly prevented liver necrosis induced by this hepatotoxin at 24 h. The present and previous results from our laboratory suggest that degradative processes mediated by proteases and esterases might play a role in late stages of CCl4-induced liver cell injury. PMID- 6515121 TI - Inhibition of acetate incorporation into lipids by adriamycin. AB - Adriamycin (ADM) inhibits 14C-acetate incorporation into cardiomyocytes, with the ID50 being 0.9 microM. Incorporation into neutral lipids were inhibited except for cholesterol ester. Cholesterol and phospholipids demonstrated the strongest inhibition at 5 microM ADM. PMID- 6515122 TI - Blood n-hexane concentration following acute inhalation exposure in rats. AB - Blood n-hexane concentrations in rats is reported. Groups of four rats were exposed to a n-hexane vapor/air mixture, in a glass chamber. At the end of the exposure, the animals were sacrificed by decapitation, blood was collected, and the concentration of n-hexane in blood was determined by headspace gas chromatography. Results indicate that blood becomes saturated with n-hexane in 10 minutes or less and persisted in the other exposure periods, up to and including 30 minutes. PMID- 6515123 TI - Cimetidine inhibits the in vitro N-demethylation of methadone. AB - The effect of cimetidine on the metabolism of methadone was investigated in hepatic microsomes isolated from male Sprague-Dawley rats. N-demethylation of methadone was determined by formation of formaldehyde. Cimetidine inhibited methadone N-demethylation in a noncompetitive manner with an IC50 of 5.3 X 10(-4) M. This observation is consistent with previous reports of microsomal enzyme inhibition by cimetidine and suggests that caution must be exercised when methadone and cimetidine are co-administered to patients in order to avoid excessive sedation or respiratory depression. PMID- 6515124 TI - Prenatal nicotine exposure increases adrenergic receptor binding in the rat cerebral cortex. AB - Adult female rats were given nicotine in drinking water for a minimum of 6 weeks prior to mating. The nicotine intake was then maintained at a level of 6.0 +/- 0.2 mg/kg/day throughout pregnancy. At birth the offspring were fostered to control females. Brain noradrenaline levels were elevated in cortex and hypothalamus in infancy but were within the control ranges in adult offspring. However, adrenergic receptor binding was significantly increased in cerebral cortex of adult offspring consistent with the view that prenatal nicotine exposure produces permanent changes in the functioning of central noradrenergic neurons. As in previous studies, the changes were found only in male offspring. PMID- 6515125 TI - Inhibitors of phenylethanolamine-N-methyltransferase: effects on brain catecholamine content and blood pressure in DOCA-salt hypertensive rats. AB - Inhibitors [2-cyclooctyl-2-hydroxyethylamine (CONH), 1 aminomethylcycloundecanol (CUNH), 7,8-dichloro-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline (SKF64139), 2,3-dichloro alpha-methylbenzylamine (DCMB), 8,9-dichloro-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-2 benzazepine(LY134046)] of phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PNMT) were found to reduce blood pressure in deoxycorticosterone-salt (DOCA-salt) hypertensive rats. CONH, CUNH and DCMB, but not SKF64139 and LY134046, also lowered blood pressure in normotensive control rats. All of the PNMT inhibitors tested lowered hypothalamic epinephrine (Epi) content in both DOCA-salt hypertensive and normotensive rats. DCMB, SKF64139 and LY134046 also lowered brainstem Epi in both animal groups. From these data a good correlation could not be made between the blood pressure lowering effects of PNMT inhibitors and their effects on hypothalamic Epi content as had been observed in other animal models of hypertension (e.g. spontaneously hypertensive rats). PMID- 6515127 TI - The time course of methanethiol in the rat. AB - The first order rate constant for the conversion of intraperitoneally administered methanethiol to sulfate in the rat was found to be 0.571 hr-1. The first order rate constant for the urinary excretion of sulfate was 0.0818 hr-1. Thus, the half-life for the metabolism of methanethiol to sulfate was 1.21 hr and for the elimination of sulfate in the urine was 8.47 hr. PMID- 6515126 TI - Dose response in 3-methylindole-induced bronchiolar epithelial necrosis in mice. AB - The effects of increasing concentrations of 3-methylindole (3MI) on the lungs, liver, and kidneys of mice were studied. Groups of five male mice were injected intraperitoneally with 10 mg, 100 mg, 200 mg, 300 mg, 400 mg, 600 mg, or 800 mg of 3MI/kg in corn oil. A control group received corn oil only. One of five mice which received 600 mg and all five which received 800 mg 3MI/kg died between 10 and 20 hours after injection. Surviving mice were killed 24 hours after 3MI. Lungs, liver and kidneys from all mice were examined by light microscopy. Brain, heart and spleen were also examined in mice which received 400 or 600 mg 3MI/kg. Histologic changes were limited to the lungs and consisted of degeneration or necrosis of bronchiolar epithelium in all mice which received at least 100 mg 3MI/kg. Severity of bronchiolar lesions was proportional to the dose of 3MI in mice which survived for 24 hours. Epithelial necrosis in the axial bronchi accompanied bronchiolar lesions in one mouse which received 400 mg and in three of five mice which received 600 mg 3MI/kg. PMID- 6515128 TI - Effect of oxygen-carrying resuscitation fluids on the pharmacokinetics of antipyrine, diazepam, penicillin, and sulfamethazine in rats. AB - The effects of exchange transfusion with an oxygen-carrying resuscitation fluid, Fluosol DA 20% or stroma-free hemoglobin, on the pharmacokinetics of antipyrine, diazepam, penicillin, and sulfamethazine were studied in rats. After transfusion with Fluosol DA 20% or stroma-free hemoglobin the pharmacokinetics of antipyrine, diazepam, and penicillin were unchanged when compared to control animals. After transfusion with Fluosol DA 20%, the t 1/2 of sulfamethazine was increased from 3.15 +/- 0.56 to 7.65 +/- 2.41 hr (p less than 0.05) and the Vd was increased from 60.7 +/- 17.5 to 152 +/- 16 ml (p less than 0.05). In contrast, after transfusion with stroma-free hemoglobin, the AUC of sulfamethazine was decreased from 129 +/- 28 to 80.5 +/- 27.7 micrograms X h X ml-1 (p less than 0.05) and there was an increase in Cl from 12.2 +/- 3.4 to 20.2 +/- 6.0 ml X h-1 (p less than 0.05) and Vd from 60.1 +/- 11.8 to 132 +/- 49 ml (p less than 0.05). The reason for these alterations is not clear. Fluosol DA 20% and stroma-free hemoglobin may alter the acetylation of sulfamethazine. PMID- 6515129 TI - Plasma glutathione disulfide as an index of oxidant stress in vivo: effects of carbon tetrachloride, dimethylnitrosamine, nitrofurantoin, metronidazole, doxorubicin and diquat. AB - The plasma concentrations of glutathione and glutathione disulfide were measured in rats following the administration of diquat, metronidazole, nitrofurantoin, doxorubicin, dimethylnitrosamine or carbon tetrachloride. None of these agents significantly influenced the plasma concentrations of glutathione. Diquat, metronidazole and nitrofurantoin acutely increased plasma glutathione disulfide by 4 to 13 fold from 0.3 +/- 0.1 microM to 3.8 +/- 1.1 microM, 2.0 +/- 0.5 microM and 1.2 +/- 0.3 microM, respectively. Carbon tetrachloride, doxorubicin and dimethylnitrosamine did not affect plasma glutathione disulfide. The determination of plasma glutathione disulfide identifies compounds that generate potentially toxic amounts of reactive oxygen species during their metabolism and helps to distinguish these compounds from xenobiotics which generate organic free radicals and electrophilic metabolites under toxicologically relevant conditions. PMID- 6515130 TI - In vitro interaction of penicillins and cephalosporins with human placenta GSH S transferase. AB - Human purified placenta GSH S-transferase was generally inhibited by penicillins and cephalosporins to a different extent. Among the seven penicillins tested the dihalogenate dicloxacillin and flucloxacillin were the strongest inhibitors. All cephalosporins showed competitive inhibition for the electrophilic substrate, while penicillins acted as non-competitive inhibitors. Exposure of the enzyme to cephalosporins led to the loss of the catalytic activity. Addition of reduced glutathione in the incubation system would induce the formation of a conformational state of the enzyme which prevents cephalosporins binding. PMID- 6515131 TI - Protective action of 2(3)-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole (BHA) on acetaminophen induced liver necrosis in male A/J mice. AB - Groups of male A/J mice were given either a regular diet or a regular diet supplemented with 1% BHA. After 10 days of feeding acetaminophen was administered intraperitoneally in amounts known to induce liver necrosis (500 mg/kg). Liver slices from the central lobe, were examined histologically for the extent of necrosis. Eight of the 17 mice treated with BHA showed no necrosis. In contrast 12 of 16 specimens from the mice treated with acetaminophen alone showed a severe centrilobular necrosis. The microsomal-mediated covalent binding of acetaminophen metabolites in-vitro was lower for microsomes from BHA pretreated mice than those from control mice. These results suggest that the ability of BHA to modify the activity of the drug metabolizing enzymes or to act as a scavenger may account for its protective action against acetaminophen-induced liver necrosis. PMID- 6515132 TI - Effects of substituted dithiocarbamates on the testicular toxicity of cadmium. AB - Five substituted dithiocarbamates were evaluated for effectiveness in protecting mouse testes following administration of an LD100 dose of CdCl2 X 2.5 H2O (Cd). Toxicologic responses were assessed by light microscopic, electron microscopic, and computerized image analysis techniques. Diethyldithiocarbamate (DDTC) was the most effective antagonist. N-ethyl-N-hydroxyethyldithiocarbamate (EHDC), N-methyl N-hydroxyethyldithiocarbamate (MHDC), and dimethyldithiocarbamate (DMDC) were moderately to minimally effective, while di-(hydroxyethyl)dithiocarbamate (DHDC) afforded no protection. Degenerative changes increased progressively in severity as the time interval between administration of Cd and DDTC was increased, but remained minimal when DDTC was given as late as two hours after Cd. PMID- 6515133 TI - Serum selenium, glutathione peroxidase activity and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol--effect of selenium supplementation. AB - In a prospective study a low serum selenium level was associated with an increased risk of coronary death and myocardial infarction (1). This study examined the relationship of serum selenium concentration with serum glutathione peroxidase activity (GSH-Px) and lipids connected with coronary atherogenesis. Serum selenium levels in 26 healthy subjects were positively correlated with GSH Px activities and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations. Selenium supplementation increased serum selenium level and the GSH-Px activity in a double-blind evaluation. The high-density lipoprotein cholesterol/cholesterol ratio increased during selenium supplementation in a group excluding subjects with a low cholesterol. The results suggest a link running from low serum selenium to reduced high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and further to high coronary risk. Selenium supplementation may in subjects with low selenium reduce the the risk of coronary heart disease. PMID- 6515134 TI - [Evaluation of left ventricular wall motion and systolic thickening by two dimensional echocardiography]. PMID- 6515135 TI - [Studies of recurrent sustained ventricular tachycardia (RSVT) in children- investigations by electrophysiologic and histopathologic methods]. PMID- 6515137 TI - [Ventilatory response during exercise in patients with ischemic heart disease]. PMID- 6515136 TI - [Abnormal pulmonary deposition of radioactive aerosol in patients with pulmonary emphysema]. PMID- 6515138 TI - [Paroxysmal atrial fibrillation in the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome]. PMID- 6515140 TI - [Simple technique for coronary occlusion in a closed-chest dog]. PMID- 6515139 TI - [A case of generalized bronchiectasis probably due to cartilage deficiency (Williams-Campbell syndrome) in an adult]. PMID- 6515141 TI - [Significance of redistribution of infarction sites in exercise thallium-201 scintigraphy]. PMID- 6515142 TI - [Coronary sinus flow and myocardial oxygen consumption following left ventricular aneurysmectomy]. PMID- 6515143 TI - [Clinical significance of the right atrial pressure in the acute phase of myocardial infarction]. PMID- 6515144 TI - [Assessment of diastolic mitral regurgitation in complete A-V block--pulsed Doppler echocardiographic study]. PMID- 6515145 TI - [Effects of intravenous urokinase infusion in acute myocardial infarction]. PMID- 6515146 TI - [Echocardiographic study of families with Marfan's syndrome: the clinical significance of echocardiographic study in the presence of normal electrocardiograms]. PMID- 6515147 TI - [Diagnostic significance of the indirect aortic pulse tracing in patients with complicated cardiac anomalies]. PMID- 6515148 TI - [A case with electrocardiographic indication of the presence of dual A-V nodal pathways during the attack of variant angina]. PMID- 6515149 TI - Bovine regional brain blood flow during sojourn at a simulated altitude of 3500 m. AB - Regional distribution of brain blood flow (15 micron diameter radionuclide labelled microspheres injected into the left atrium) was studied in 6 unanesthetized calves during the 7th-8th weeks of exposure to a simulated altitude of 3500 m (PB = 500 mm Hg). Measurements were made during chronic hypoxemia (PaO2 = 48 +/- 1 mm Hg) and acute normoxemia (PaO2 = 91 +/- 1 mm Hg). Five calves, born and raised at sea level, were also studied in a similar manner during normoxemia (PaO2 = 86 +/- 2 mm Hg) and at 12 and 22 min of acute hypoxemia (PaO2 = 49 +/- 1 mm Hg) to serve as controls. Acute hypoxemia in sea level calves resulted in a marked uniform increase in blood flow to all regions of the brain and the brain O2 delivery remained similar to its normoxemic value. By comparison, however, blood flow in all regions of the brain in calves sojourning at 3500 m remained unchanged between hypoxemia and normoxemia. In these calves brain O2 delivery decreased during hypoxemia. These experiments demonstrated that blood flow in the bovine brain-stem and cerebellum behaved in the same manner as in the cerebrum during exposure to acute as well as chronic hypoxia. It is suggested that there are likely to be differences in adaptation of bovine cerebral circulation to acute vs chronic hypoxia. PMID- 6515150 TI - Respiratory afferent activity in the superior laryngeal nerves. AB - This study evaluates the afferent activity in the superior laryngeal nerve (SLN) during breathing as well as during occluded inspiratory efforts. Experiments were performed in 11 anesthetized and spontaneously breathing dogs. Electroneurographic activity was recorded from the peripheral cut end of the SLN and, in 3 dogs, also from the contralateral vagus nerve. A tracheal cannula with a side arm allowed the bypass of the larynx during breathing and occluded efforts. A clear inspiratory modulation was present in all experimental conditions. Both peak and duration of the SLN activity decreased (87% and 89%) when breathing was diverted from the upper airway to the tracheostomy. Peak and duration of the SLN activity (as % of upper airway breathing) increased during occluded efforts; however, the increase was greater when the larynx was not by passed (peak = 118% vs 208%, duration = 143% vs 178%). Section of the ipsilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve reduced the inspiratory modulation. Vagal afferent activity increased equally during tracheostomy and upper airway breathing and decreased markedly during tracheal and upper airway occlusions. Our results indicate that collapsing pressure in the larynx is the major stimulus in activating laryngeal afferents. PMID- 6515152 TI - Comparison of the responses of the diaphragm and upper airway muscles to central stimulation of the sciatic nerve. AB - Electrical stimulation of the central end of the sciatic nerve was used to assess the effect of increased somatic sensory input on respiratory muscle electrical activity in anesthetized, spontaneously breathing dogs. Graded electrical stimulation of the sciatic nerve was associated with progressively greater activity of the upper airway dilating muscles (alae nasi, genioglossus, and posterior cricoarytenoid) as well as the diaphragm. Breathing frequency also increased because of a reduction in inspiratory and expiratory time. After cessation of stimulation of the sciatic nerve, increased activity of all the muscles studied persisted and only gradually returned to control levels. The responses to sciatic nerve stimulation were independent of the CO2 concentration of the inspired gas mixture. At any level of chemical drive electrical stimulation caused greater increases in the electrical activity of upper airway dilating muscles than that of diaphragm. Based on these results, it is concluded that stimulation of sciatic nerve activates upper airway muscles as well as the diaphragm, and the upper airway muscle activity is augmented to a greater degree than diaphragm activity. It seems possible that somatosensory afferent input produces unequal effects on different respiratory motoneurons. PMID- 6515151 TI - Effect of graded cooling of intermediate areas on respiratory response to vagal input. AB - The present study was undertaken to determine if the phrenic responses to vagally mediated inputs are also affected by focal cooling of the intermediate areas (IA) of the ventral medulla. Anesthetized, paralyzed cats whose vagi and carotid sinus nerves had been cut were studied. The IA were cooled focally with a thermostatically controlled thermode. When the IA were 40 degrees C, low intensity vagal stimulation caused inhibition of phrenic activity. The stimulus was also applied when IA were cooled to 30 and 20 degrees C. The magnitude of the inhibition was unaffected by the cooling. In another series of experiments, high intensity vagal stimulation was used. This led to an hyperpnea when IA were 40 degrees C. The magnitude of the response was much smaller when the test stimulus was given at lower IA temperatures. The effect of cooling IA on the phrenic response to mechanical stimulation of pulmonary stretch receptors and airway irritant receptors were also studied in cats with intact vagi. We found that the response to irritant receptor, but not to stretch receptor, stimulation was abolished by the cooling. We conclude that the intermediate areas are involved in the integration of afferent input from airway irritant receptors that reaches the respiratory controller via high threshold vagal afferents, but not involved in processing signals from pulmonary stretch receptors. PMID- 6515153 TI - Respiratory volume-timing relationship during sustained elevation of functional residual capacity. AB - In 7 spontaneously breathing dial-urethane anesthetized cats a negative pressure was produced around the thorax and abdomen to increase the functional residual capacity (FRC) by about 1 tidal volume for up to 60 min. A tracheal cannula was connected to a resistive manifold for selective loading of inspiration or expiration. Two resistive loads and tracheal occlusion were presented six times each at control FRC (FRCc), after 60 min at elevated FRC (FRCe) and 30 min after return to FRCc. Inspiratory and expiratory durations (TI and TE) were measured from diaphragmatic EMG. We observed that TI at FRCe (0.88 +/- 0.11 sec) was not significantly shorter than TI at FRCc (1.06 +/- 0.14 sec). Tracheal occlusion at FRCe caused a shorter TI (1.37 +/- 0.15 sec) than at FRCc (1.79 +/- 0.21 sec) (P less than 0.05). The slope (m) of the VI-TI relationship generated by the resistive loads at FRCe was steeper (m = -65 +/- 7 ml X sec-1) and shifted upward from the VI-TI curve at FRCc (-50 +/- 6 ml X sec-1) (P less than 0.05). The VE-TE relationship at FRCe was not significantly changed from control. Thirty minutes following return to FRCc, TI was still slightly shorter (0.96 +/- 0.11 sec) than the initial TI at FRCc. We conclude: (1) The slope of the VI-TI relationship is determined to a great extent by the total lung volume. However, under the conditions of sustained elevation of FRC, this relationship is influenced by the partial adaptation of slowly adapting pulmonary receptors SARs. (2) The increased SAR activity at end expiration during FRCe may not influence the control of TE. PMID- 6515154 TI - Effect of posture on ventilatory response to steady-state hypoxia and hypercapnia. AB - The ventilatory response to steady-state normocapnic hypoxia and hypercapnia was measured in eight normal subjects after 15 min inhalation of 10.5% oxygen (with added CO2) or 4.2% CO2 in air through a loose-fitting high-flow Venturi mask. The erect (sitting) and the supine postures were studied. Ventilation was measured with inductance coils around the chest and the abdomen (Respitrace). Oxygen saturation was measured with an ear oximeter and PCO2 was measured transcutaneously on forearm skin using a modified pH electrode (Radiometer). In the erect posture (without stimulation), compared to supine, VE(21%) and VT/TI(32%) were greater but TI(19%) and TE(8%), abdominal contribution to tidal volume (24%) and 'arterial' PCO2 (0.6 mm Hg) were less. The mean ventilatory response to hypoxia at an 'arterial' PCO2 of 41 +/- 4 mm Hg (SD) was 0.61 +/- 0.34 L X min-1 X Sa-1O2 erect and 0.84 +/- 0.58 supine and to hypercapnia 2.89 +/ 1.4 L X min-1 X mm Hg-1 erect and 3.73 +/- 2.35 supine. The postural differences did not reach statistical significance. The pattern of response to both stimuli was similar, with doubling of VT, constant TI and slight shortening of TE. The abdominal contribution to tidal volume decreased by 9% with both forms of stimulation. In the steady state, the response to peripheral and central chemoreceptor stimuli was identical and essentially independent of position. PMID- 6515155 TI - [Development and standardization of a radioimmunoassay to quantify reverse T3 in human and bovine sera]. PMID- 6515156 TI - [Bronchomotor tone in smokers with mild bronchitis]. PMID- 6515157 TI - [Induction of cellular differentiation in the treatment of acute leukemias: preliminary report of the use of low doses of cytosine arabinoside for the induction of remission]. PMID- 6515158 TI - Effect of acetylsalicylic acid on platelet survival in diabetic patients. PMID- 6515159 TI - [Autosomal recessive heredity in a Mexican family with torsion dystonia]. PMID- 6515160 TI - [Familial hypercholesterolemia. Study of a family]. PMID- 6515161 TI - [Pulmonary abscess in Sjogren's syndrome. An unusual clinical manifestation]. PMID- 6515162 TI - [The quality control program of the Mexican National Institutes of Health. I. Relative precision and accuracy of 4 blood chemistry measurements]. PMID- 6515163 TI - [Science in Latin America. The current status and recommendations. Meeting of the Council of the Academy of Sciences of Latin America. Chile, Vina del Mar, April 25-28, 1984]. PMID- 6515164 TI - [ARC (the AIDS-related complex)]. PMID- 6515165 TI - [Autotransfusion: a reasonable way to avoid some complications of blood transfusion]. PMID- 6515166 TI - [Pharyngeal reflex in diabetic patients and controls]. PMID- 6515167 TI - [Short-term prognostic factors in cerebrovascular accident]. PMID- 6515168 TI - [Sympatholytic effect of intra-arterial reserpine in sclerodermia and Raynaud's disease]. PMID- 6515169 TI - [Subtotal parathyroidectomy in the treatment of renal osteodystrophy in 8 patients under chronic hemodialysis]. PMID- 6515170 TI - [Predominance of scintigraphic images of the liver in cancer of the breast]. PMID- 6515171 TI - [Lymphocutaneous sporotrichosis]. PMID- 6515172 TI - [Lennert's lymphoma]. PMID- 6515173 TI - [Cardiac rhabdomyoma manifesting as fetal hydrops]. PMID- 6515174 TI - [Glomerulopathies: pathogenic and developmental aspects]. PMID- 6515176 TI - [Development of the incidence of chronic occupational acoustic trauma as a factor of work disability (a metropolitan area in Chile, 1971-1982)]. PMID- 6515175 TI - [Effect of estradiol on the regulation of testicular steroidogenesis]. PMID- 6515177 TI - [Primary care and general family medicine]. PMID- 6515178 TI - [Medical education and the need for physicians]. PMID- 6515179 TI - [Changes in the features of hyperthyroidism occurring in the initial period of salt iodination in a Chilean population]. PMID- 6515180 TI - [Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma associated with hypercalcemia, multiple osteolytic lesions and diabetes insipidus]. PMID- 6515182 TI - [Toward the normalization of the University of Chile]. PMID- 6515181 TI - [Chylous ascites]. PMID- 6515183 TI - [Tumor markers in cancer of the thyroid]. PMID- 6515184 TI - [Accreditation of postgraduate education at the University of Chile School of Medicine]. PMID- 6515186 TI - [Pruriginous eruptions in pregnancy]. PMID- 6515185 TI - [Appearance of a polymyositis late in the development of hepatitis B]. PMID- 6515187 TI - [Ophthalmoplegia plus]. PMID- 6515188 TI - [Meningoradiculitis caused by a tick bite]. PMID- 6515189 TI - [Clinical observation of 14 cases of velar epitheliomas in the radiotherapy department, 1965-1981]. PMID- 6515190 TI - [Familial genitocolonic cancer syndrome]. PMID- 6515191 TI - [What do we have to say about the efficacy of various methods to stop smoking?]. PMID- 6515192 TI - [Pseudothrombophlebitis caused by a popliteal cyst]. PMID- 6515193 TI - [Therapy of acutely suicidal patients]. PMID- 6515194 TI - [Drug withdrawal in Thailand. A transcultural comparison]. PMID- 6515195 TI - [Psychiatric aspects of AIDS]. PMID- 6515196 TI - [Cancer of the gastrointestinal tract following radiotherapy]. PMID- 6515197 TI - [Results of electrocoagulation of angiodysplasia of the colon]. PMID- 6515198 TI - [Endoscopic spectrum of pseudomembranous colitis]. PMID- 6515199 TI - [How early may endoscopy be performed in an anastomosis?]. PMID- 6515200 TI - [Endoscopic surveillance of patients subjected to treatment for recto-sigmoid cancer]. PMID- 6515201 TI - [Stomach cancer: curative surgery]. PMID- 6515202 TI - [Clinical pathology of stomach cancer]. PMID- 6515203 TI - [Stomach cancer: diagnosis and indications for surgery]. PMID- 6515204 TI - [State of chemotherapy and adjuvant therapies in the treatment of stomach cancer]. PMID- 6515205 TI - [Calcium antagonists rediscovered for the hypertensive patient?]. PMID- 6515206 TI - [Technic of blood pressure measurement in children]. PMID- 6515207 TI - [Intestinal cystic pneumatosis. Illustrated presentation of 4 recent cases localized in the colon (one simulating polyposis) and review of the literature]. PMID- 6515209 TI - [What is your diagnosis? Acute intermittent porphyria]. PMID- 6515208 TI - [Erosive osteochondrosis in the lumbar region. Differential diagnosis from inflammatory changes]. PMID- 6515210 TI - [Causes and prevention of nonspecific digestive fistulas. I. General considerations]. PMID- 6515211 TI - [The place of surgery in enterocutaneous fistulas]. PMID- 6515212 TI - [What is your diagnosis? Myasthenic reaction to propranolol]. PMID- 6515213 TI - [Confusion over left and right]. PMID- 6515214 TI - [The leukoerythroblastic blood picture. Incidence and clinical significance]. PMID- 6515215 TI - [Intermittent claudication]. PMID- 6515216 TI - [What is your diagnosis? Exfoliatio areata linguae (benign migratory glossitis)]. PMID- 6515217 TI - [Drug level determination for optimization of drug therapy. Practical significance and new trends]. PMID- 6515218 TI - [A case from practice (27). Erythema nodosum]. PMID- 6515219 TI - [Anemias in childhood]. PMID- 6515220 TI - [Of the need for education in sports medicine]. PMID- 6515221 TI - [A medical sports center: its purpose, concept, use]. PMID- 6515223 TI - [The etiology of wounds and lesions caused by overload in sports]. PMID- 6515222 TI - [Energy metabolism during recovery from exercise]. PMID- 6515224 TI - [Achilles tendinitis: a pathology of confines]. PMID- 6515226 TI - [What is Cybex? What does it enable us to do?]. PMID- 6515225 TI - [The most common lesion in sports injuries: ankle sprains]. PMID- 6515227 TI - [The heart and physical exercise]. PMID- 6515228 TI - [Electrocardiographic monitoring of athletes. The electrocardiogram and fitness for sports]. PMID- 6515229 TI - [Cardiologic contraindications to sports performance]. PMID- 6515230 TI - [Institutionalized cardiovascular rehabilitation]. PMID- 6515232 TI - [The practicing physician and removal of the dead body]. PMID- 6515231 TI - [Icterohemorrhagic leptospirosis]. PMID- 6515233 TI - [Biomechanics and the reconstruction of traffic accidents]. PMID- 6515234 TI - ["Professional mistake" in the Federal Republic of Germany]. PMID- 6515236 TI - [Medical duties in cases of rape and attempted rape]. PMID- 6515235 TI - [The effects of mental diseases and behavior problems on the driving of motor vehicles]. PMID- 6515237 TI - [Medicolegal serology and its applications]. PMID- 6515238 TI - [Erythrocytic enzyme groups in paternity studies evaluated according to Genevese appraisals from 1974 to 1983]. PMID- 6515239 TI - [Barbiturates and their pathogenetic role in cases of sudden death: diagnostic problems in the determination of causes of and circumstances surrounding death]. PMID- 6515240 TI - [Incidence of alcoholic intoxication and road traffic in Belgium]. PMID- 6515241 TI - [Shoplifting under the influence of psychopharmacologic drugs]. PMID- 6515242 TI - [Screening of drug addicts]. PMID- 6515243 TI - [Hospital integration of forensic medicine. Organization in Lyon]. PMID- 6515244 TI - [Neurosurgery and its costs]. PMID- 6515245 TI - [Better prevention of bedsores in the light of current physiopathological findings]. PMID- 6515246 TI - EEG sleep of normal healthy children. Part I: Findings using standard measurement methods. AB - Despite the increasing application of all-night electroencephalographic (EEG) sleep studies to children for clinical as well as for research purposes, readily available normal EEG sleep standards for the period of childhood have remained sparse and, at present, reflect data on only approximately 100 children 6 to 16 years of age. As part of a large scale study examining various aspects of EEG sleep among children, findings derived using standard recording and scoring methods are reported for a new sample of nearly 100 normal, healthy children and are compared with existing standards. Data obtained add substantially to the existing database and generally confirm findings of previous normative reports on children in this age range. PMID- 6515247 TI - Periodic movements during sleep, sleep fragmentation, and sleep-wake complaints. AB - To better understand the relation of sleep complaint to sleep continuity and periodic movements during sleep (PMS), two groups of patients were studied retrospectively. One group of 51 patients, 26 men and 25 women, with a mean age of 56.4 years, complained of insomnia. The other group of 29 patients, 20 men and nine women, with a mean age of 55.8 years, complained of excessive daytime sleepiness. Sleepy patients differed significantly from insomnia patients in that they fell asleep faster and slept longer. They showed more frequent arousals (shifts to stage 1 sleep and number of awakenings) than insomnia patients who had longer arousals (mean duration of awakenings). Insomnia patients had more series of PMS, but sleepy patients had more PMS bursts per series. PMID- 6515248 TI - Effects of disturbed sleep on contingent negative variation. AB - To understand better the pathophysiological aspects of disturbed sleep, six healthy male students underwent a series of sleep recordings. On the experimental night, subjects' sleep was disturbed, and the effects on contingent negative variation (CNV) were studied. Mean CNV amplitude decreased in magnitude in the Fz as well as Cz areas; the decrease in Fz-CNV tended to be greater in those subjects whose sleep was most disturbed. The decrease in amplitude of CNV appears to be a nonspecific phenomenon that occurs after any kind of disturbed sleep. Contingent negative variation is composed of two or more components with different spatiotemporal distribution. Depending on the placement of electrodes, the effect that disturbed sleep has on CNV will or will not be observed. The decreases in CNV amplitude were noted in the Fz and Cz areas. Other than subjective discomforts, psychometric measurements did not change significantly. Our data indicate, from the topographical and constructional analysis of CNVs, the possible involvement of the frontal lobe function after disturbed sleep. PMID- 6515249 TI - Effect of physical fitness and body composition on sleep and sleep-related hormone concentrations. AB - The study assessed the effect of physical fitness and body composition on sleep and the nighttime secretion of the hormones, human growth hormone (hGH), prolactin, and cortisol. Two groups of 17 subjects, one of fit athletes and the other of unfit nonathletes, were selected so that the groups were matched for weight, height, lean body mass (LBM), and fat levels. Subjects slept in a sleep laboratory for 3 nonconsecutive nights: 1 adaptation night and 2 experimental nights. On 1 experimental night blood samples were collected; on the other, baseline sleep was assessed and the catheter was not inserted. Weight and height were measured and LBM assessed by 24 h urinary creatinine. The effect of physical fitness was tested by a comparison of the two groups; body composition was assessed by correlation analyses. Physical fitness did not have a significant effect on either sleep or hormone levels, although in the latter case the results were marginal. In contrast, body composition was related to both sleep and hGH. Percentage LBM was negatively correlated with slow-wave sleep and positively correlated with hGH levels. These results were significant for all subjects combined and for the fit group, although not the unfit group alone. PMID- 6515250 TI - Patterns in the distribution of REM sleep in normal human sleep. AB - Results are reported of four analyses of the distribution of REM sleep across nights of two subjects who slept for 50 consecutive nights on a regimented, but normal, sleep schedule. We found (a) a strong phase-setting effect of sleep onset on the distribution of REM sleep within nights, (b) no systematic change in the phase of the distribution of REM sleep across nights, and (c) a relationship between the nocturnal temperature minimum and the distribution of REM sleep within nights. Our results are consistent with the notion that the nightly distribution of REM sleep may be determined by an oscillatory process, the phase of which is reset at sleep onset, but which may be subject to other influences, such as the circadian temperature rhythm. These results are in general agreement with those found by investigators studying subjects on free-running or other abnormal sleep schedules. PMID- 6515251 TI - Quantitative description of sleep stage electrophysiology using digital period analytic techniques. AB - The purpose of the current study was to assess the overlap in variance of two procedures for the quantification of sleep electrophysiology: conventional stage scoring and computer quantification of tonic activity. Data were collected on 24 nights from eight subjects and were scored according to a modified set of Rechtschaffen and Kales criteria and submitted to a period-analytic computer analysis. Following this, discriminant function analyses were performed on the data for each night to predict the visual stage scores from the computer generated data. The results indicate a very high degree of predictive accuracy (91.05%) supporting the contention that the computer-quantified data set includes the variance normally captured by stage scoring. The implications of computer quantification of sleep electrophysiology are discussed. PMID- 6515252 TI - Effects of methoxamine and alpha-adrenoceptor antagonists, prazosin and yohimbine, on the sleep-wake cycle of the rat. AB - A study was carried out on the effects of methoxamine, prazosin, and yohimbine on the sleep-wake cycle in rats prepared for chronic sleep recordings. Methoxamine (4-8 mg/kg), an alpha 1-adrenoceptor agonist, induced a dose-related increase in wakefulness (W) and a decrease in slow-wave sleep (SWS) and REM sleep (REMS). Prazosin (0.125-1 mg/kg), which selectively blocks alpha 1-adrenoceptors, modified only slightly the amount of time spent in W and SWS, and consistently decreased REMS values. Prazosin (0.5 mg/kg) reversed the effects of methoxamine, decreasing W and increasing sleep. Yohimbine (3 mg/kg), which blocks alpha 2 adrenoceptors, augmented W and diminished sleep. Methoxamine (4 mg/kg) in animals pretreated with yohimbine (3 mg/kg) induced a further decrease of SWS and REMS and an increase of W. Thus, pharmacological activation of alpha 1- or blocking of alpha 2-adrenoceptors appears to decrease sleep and increase W. Further, blocking of alpha 1-adrenoceptors decreases REMS. Rapid eye movement sleep depression by the alpha 1-agonist or the alpha 1-antagonist is tentatively ascribed to a critical change in noradrenergic transmission in the brain. PMID- 6515253 TI - Electroencephalogram during sleep in the cat: age effects on slow-wave activity. AB - In humans there is a substantial decline in NREM electroencephalographic (EEG) slow-wave activity with advancing age. The present findings show that similar age related EEG changes occur in the cat. Slow-wave (0.5-4.0 Hz) EEG activity during NREM sleep was compared in six young adult (2-4 years) and six aged (10-12 years) cats of either sex. Computer measures of slow-wave incidence and amplitude disclosed significant age- and gender-related differences. Although old male and female animals were of comparable age, only males showed significant EEG alterations. These consisted of an attenuation of slow-wave amplitude over posterolateral cortex and reductions in both the incidence and amplitude of slow wave activity over sensorimotor cortex. PMID- 6515254 TI - [Anomalies of the basal-distal relationship. II]. PMID- 6515255 TI - [CAT in the diagnosis and localization of large odontogenic maxillary or mandibular cysts]. PMID- 6515256 TI - [Leiomyoma of the oral cavity: a review of the literature and report of 2 cases with an ultramicroscopic study]. PMID- 6515257 TI - [Pulp capping]. PMID- 6515259 TI - [Arteriosclerosis aneurysms of the popliteal artery]. PMID- 6515258 TI - [Bronchial provocation test with carbachol in the diagnosis of asthma. Report of cases and comments]. PMID- 6515260 TI - [Prevention of puerperal psychoses]. PMID- 6515262 TI - [Effects of triamcinolone (acetyl triamcinolone) on keloidal scars]. PMID- 6515261 TI - [Anatomopathological aspects of leukemias]. PMID- 6515263 TI - [Recent results in the treatment of esophageal atresia]. PMID- 6515264 TI - [Selection of mobile human spermatozoa by migration and sedimentation]. PMID- 6515265 TI - [Determination of plasma zinc]. PMID- 6515266 TI - [Basis of the changes in vaccination schedule and rules of the State of Sao Paulo -1984 (measles, diphtheria, whooping cough and tetanus)]. PMID- 6515267 TI - [Endocrine manifestations of hydrocephalus]. PMID- 6515268 TI - [Physiopathology of gastric secretions]. PMID- 6515269 TI - [Alkaline reflux in the upper digestive tract]. PMID- 6515270 TI - [Gastric peptic ulcer. Medical therapy]. PMID- 6515271 TI - [Post-gastrectomy syndromes]. PMID- 6515272 TI - Epigenetic mechanisms and models. Position information. PMID- 6515273 TI - Aldo Spirito on the theory of preformation, involution, etc. and cell differentiation. PMID- 6515274 TI - Biologic criteria in rodent carcinogenesis testing. PMID- 6515275 TI - Transplantation studies on induced and spontaneous nodules from B6C3F1 mouse liver. AB - The present research was designed to assess the potential for progressive growth of hyperplastic, adenomatous, and carcinomatous mouse liver lesions grafted into syngeneic hosts and to determine the effect of treatment type, donor age, and metastatic potential on this parameter. Lesions were obtained from male B6/C3F1 mice fed on an open formula (NIH-007) diet or the same diet mixed with a chlorinated hydrocarbon pesticide (3,5-dichloro-(N-1,1-dimethyl-2 propyl)benzamide) (DcB). Animals were killed at 18 or 24 months of age. Hosts for transplanting were killed at 8 months, or when grafts reached 2 cm in diameter. Lesions diagnosed as nonmalignant (hyperplastic or benign) were more likely to grow after transplantation if obtained after 24 months, rather than after 18 months (0.025 less than p less than 0.05). There was a close correlation between donor lesion morphology and ability to grow in a recipient mouse (p less than 0.0005; 36% of the hyperplastic, 32% of the adenomatous and 79%, of the malignant lesions grew). The majority of lesions retained the morphologic appearance of the donor lesions. Transplanted lesions from control mice were more likely to grow than were those from DCB-treated mice (0.01 less than p less than 0.025). This correlation was particularly strong for hyperplastic nodules. Metastatic capability in the donor animals correlated positively with both growth potential (p less than 0.01) and growth rate (p less than 0.05) in recipient mice. These findings suggest that progression toward autonomous growth may occur both within the original host and during a prolonged transplantation period, making data interpretation difficult. Lesion morphology alone may not be adequate for assessing capacity for autonomous growth. Other factors, such as evidence of metastasis or local invasion in the primary host, may be required to make more meaningful diagnosis. PMID- 6515276 TI - Comparative responses of vaginal mucosa to chronic pyrimidinone-induced irritation. AB - Intravaginal studies in guinea pigs, Cebus monkeys (Cebus apella), and beagles were made with an anti-herpes drug, 2-amino-5-bromo-6-phenyl- 4(3H)-pyrimidinone (ABPP). Concentrations of 5 to 40 mg/ml, suspended in saline or polyethylene glycol, were given for periods of 2 1/2 to 90 days. Very little gross evidence of injury was observed. Histologically, the regimens brought about increasing degrees of mononuclear cell infiltrations (histiocytes, lymphocytes, and plasma cells) in the vaginal lamina propria of the respective species. In the Cebus monkey and beagle the nonkeratinized vaginal lining became progressively thinned. The integrity of focal denuded areas was preserved by a process of homogenization in the lamina propria of the Cebus monkey. In contrast, the most severely affected areas in the canine mucosa were covered by what appeared to be a coagulated exudative layer. The effect of 90 days of treatment in the beagle did not noticeably increase the severity of the findings beyond that observed after 30 days. Considerable reversibility of the lesions occurred in guinea pigs held for 1 week and in Cebus monkeys held for 3 weeks posttreatment. Local cell mediated immunity was believed to be implicit with the mononuclear cell infiltration in the lamina propria of the vagina. PMID- 6515277 TI - Lipid peroxidation and lipid antioxidants in normal and tumor cells. AB - Lipid peroxidation is often low in tumor tissue as compared to the corresponding normal tissue and it has been postulated that lipid peroxidation may be associated with cell division. In this paper the various contributory factors which control the rate of microsomal lipid peroxidation in normal rat liver and in the Novikoff hepatoma have been carefully analyzed. The low rate of lipid peroxidation in the hepatoma seems to be due to a combination of factors: low levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids and of cytochrome P-450 and elevated levels of lipid-soluble antioxidant. This lipid-soluble antioxidant is principally alpha tocopherol. PMID- 6515278 TI - Quantitative correlation with carcinogenic potency of different short term tests. AB - The following short term parameters evaluating essentially genotoxic effects were considered: liver DNA alkaline fragmentation (DFI), morphological transformation in hamster embryo cells (TPI), and mutagenicity in the Ames' test (MPI). The internal consistency of the carcinogenicity data (OPI) was rather high (r approximately or equal to 0.8). The correlation with OPI of DFI and MPI was statistically significant but rather modest, about 0.4-0.5. The best correlation between OPI and TPI was 0.65. This level of correlation was observed only when some kind of dose-response relationship for transformation could be established. When comparisons were attempted for exactly the same 27 compounds for all three tests, a general decrease in predictability was observed. This could be mainly due to problems of representation of the ideal population of chemicals using small samples. The more general problem of the quantitative approach to the predictability of short term tests was also discussed. PMID- 6515279 TI - Genetic and environmental regulation of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase in man: studies with liver, lung, placenta, and lymphocytes. AB - Properties and response smoking of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH) activity in various human tissues are reviewed. In the placenta, induction of AHH by smoking can be demonstrated unequivocally. AHH activity in lung samples is variable, but the relation to current or past smoking is unclear. The effect of cigarette smoking can be readily shown in the rate of antipyrine elimination, although there is no change in AHH activity in liver biopsy samples. The reason for this discrepancy is not known. In peripheral lymphocytes a sort of "memory-effect" of cigarette smoking is retained even after culturing, the nature of this phenomenon remaining unclear. Furthermore, there seem to be many factors affecting AHH induction in peripheral lymphocytes in culture. These data suggest that regulation of AHH activity and induction is tissue-specific, i.e. no systemic regulation is discernible. It is also possible that the P-450 isozyme composition in some tissues masks the induction. Reasons for discrepancies between animal and human data are not clear; however, genuine biological differences and technical difficulties in human studies can be postulated. PMID- 6515280 TI - Control of protein degradation and growth phase in normal and neoplastic cells. AB - Cells have to double their protein mass in order to divide. Whether this is achieved through increased synthesis (PS), decreased degradation (PD), or a combination of both is still debated. Likewise open are other basic questions: whether, beyond differences relating to growth phase (GP) or rate, reduced PD rates are a general characteristic of neoplastic versus normal cells, conferring to them a definite growth advantage; which mechanisms are operating the PD regulation, if any, during GP transitions, and which ones may be defective in neoplastic cells. Growing liver under conditions of regeneration or development is known to achieve a net protein accumulation thanks to increased PS, and particularly, to decreased PD rates, as compared with the adult, steady-state tissue; the level of lysosomal proteinase (LP) activities is reduced; in the regenerating liver this reduction has been located in cycling hepatocytes. AH-130 Yoshida ascites hepatoma cells effect the transition from log to stationary GP by concurrently reducing PS and accelerating PD (slow turnover protein pool); while PD is virtually not affected by lysosomal inhibitors (LI) in growing cells, the extra PD in resting cells is all inhibitable; there is no regulation of LP levels over this GP transition, which is due to depletion of oxygen and nutrients. GP transitions in normal 3T3 cells are also coupled with regulations of both PS and PD, the extra PD in quiescent cells being all suppressible by LI. Quiescence of 3T3 cells, due to depletion of growth factors, is associated with a marked elevation of some LP activities.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6515281 TI - Chemical carcinogenesis: hepatocyte nodules with a special phenotype as a common step at the crossroads. AB - Unlike the great heterogeneity and diversity in the initial interactions of a chemical carcinogen with DNA and in the phenotypes of the late malignant neoplasms, the intermediate steps in liver carcinogenesis, the hepatocyte nodules, are remarkably similar. This commonality is seen in six different models of liver cancer development using carcinogens and promoters of quite different chemical structure and properties. The hepatocytes in the nodules show a similar arrangement and architecture, cytology and cytochemistry, blood supply, biological behavior, and biochemical pattern. These observations, coupled with the program nature of the remodeling of the hepatocyte nodules, strongly suggest that at least some of the earlier steps in carcinogenesis are of a physiological adaptive nature. PMID- 6515282 TI - The usefulness of viscometric analysis for detecting minimal levels DNA fragmentation. AB - Basic requirements for a method used to study the genotoxic potential of xenobiotic agents in the intact animal are sensitivity and capability of detecting the effect of the compound under test in various tissues. A new viscometric technique, which has been found capable of measuring DNA damage in liver, kidney, and lung of rats treated with small single doses of 10 chemical carcinogens, seems to possess such requirements. Single-strand breaks and probably other types of lesions indeed cause changes in DNA supercoiling which can be sensitively measured by monitoring time-dependent changes of DNA viscosity. The main advantage of this technique is that clear-cut modifications of viscometric parameters can be obtained with doses of various carcinogens markedly lower than those found to be the minimal effective ones in other commonly employed short-term in vivo tests. The importance of studying the genotoxic effects of pharmacologically meaningful doses is discussed. PMID- 6515283 TI - Glutathione depletion, lipid peroxidation, and liver necrosis following bromobenzene and iodobenzene intoxication. AB - NMRI Albino mice, in which the hepatic glutathione (GSH) content was decreased by nearly 50% by either the administration of a pure glucose diet or by starvation, were intoxicated with aryl halides, bromobenzene, and iodobenzene (13 and 9 mmol/kg body weight, respectively, p.o.). After both intoxications, the hepatic glutathione content decreased rapidly to very low values, and liver necrosis, as assessed by serum transaminase levels, occurred in about 45 or 60% of the animals (in the case of bromobenzene or iodobenzene, respectively) after a lag phase of 9 or 6 hr. In both instances liver necrosis was evident only when the hepatic GSH depletion reached a threshold value (3.5-2.5 nmols/mg protein). The same threshold value was evident for the occurrence of lipid peroxidation (measured as both carbonyl functions and conjugated dienes in liver phospholipids). The possibility that the depletion in hepatic GSH level is capable of inducing lipid peroxidation and necrosis could be supported by the fact that similar results were obtained after the administration of inethylmaleate (12 mmol/kg, p.o.), a drug which is expected to conjugate directly with GSH without previous metabolism. The covalent binding of reactive metabolites to cellular macromolecules was determined in the case of bromobenzene poisoning. A dissociation between liver necrosis and covalent binding was observed in experiments in which Trolox C, a lower homolog of vitamin E, was administered (270 mumol/kg) 9 and 13 hr after bromobenzene poisoning. The treatment with Trolox C, in fact, almost completely prevented both liver necrosis and lipid peroxidation, while the extent of the covalent binding of bromobenzene metabolites to liver proteins was not altered. PMID- 6515284 TI - [Computer tomographic detection of an intraspinal arachnoid cyst]. AB - Clarification of the subjective complaints caused by meningeal malformations represented by an arachnoidal cyst in the sacral region was achieved for the first time by analysing an arachnoidal cyst which had been determined by myelography, computed tomography, biopsy and histological examination. Principles of mechanics and dynamics play an important part. The pattern of complaints is mainly due to the communication between the cyst and the CSF space, as well as a valve mechanism with filling of the cyst. Surgical reduction or removal of the cyst, and elimination of the connection with the CSF, produced freedom from complaints. PMID- 6515286 TI - [Occupational pathology. The building trade, public works and road works]. PMID- 6515285 TI - [Pathology of a recent immigration: Southeastern Asia]. PMID- 6515287 TI - [Pathology of assembly-line work in migrants]. PMID- 6515288 TI - [Pathology of vacations and returns]. PMID- 6515289 TI - [Familial migration. Pathology of the migrant woman and newborn infant, study of risk factors and research on preventive measures]. PMID- 6515290 TI - Serum glycoproteins and synovial fluid in seropositive and seronegative rheumatoid arthritis. AB - An increased level of glycoproteins (seromucoid, protein-bound hexoses, protein bound hexosamines, protein-bound sialic acids) was found in the blood serum from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) as compared with healthy individuals. Higher glycoprotein content was observed in the seropositive RA patients than in the seronegative ones. Higher levels of glycoproteins was also observed in the synovial fluid from seropositive RA patients than in the seronegative ones. PMID- 6515291 TI - Emergency situations in sinus node dysfunction. AB - Sinus node dysfunction may produce in some cases life threatening medical emergencies. From 138 patients with sinus node dysfunction followed up in our department, we present 8 cases in which emergency situations required special therapeutical approaches (precordial thump, atrial or ventricular pacing, permanent pacemaker implantation). These situations appeared spontaneously, during the investigation procedures or after conversion of atrial fibrillation, performed for therapeutic purposes, when this arrhythmia concealed a sinus node dysfunction. The tachy-brady-arrhythmia could be influenced only by the implantation of a permanent pacemaker. PMID- 6515292 TI - Silent acute myocardial infarction masked by transient WPW syndrome. AB - A case with transient WPW syndrome during silent acute myocardial infarction is presented. Although the clinical picture and laboratory data were non contributory and the surface electrocardiogram showed delta and not Q waves, myocardial perfusion scintigraphy showed typical area of acute necrosis. Abnormal accessory connections probably occur or latent such pathways become functional during acute myocardial ischemia. PMID- 6515293 TI - Electrocardiographic alteration induced by accidental hypothermia. AB - Electrocardiographic alterations during hypothermia are studied and a case is reported presenting a very marked J wave which disappeared when the patient recovered his normal temperature. PMID- 6515294 TI - Morphological markers with predictive-evolutive value in liver diseases. AB - A morphological, endoscopic and bioptic (histologic and electron microscopic) study carried out in 86 patients with acute persisting hepatitis (APH) and 240 patients with noncirrhogenous alcoholic hepatitis (AH) allowed the observation of some aspects with predictive-evolutive value in liver diseases. In APH the endoscopic observation of a change of colour from bright red to variegated and the appearance on histologic examination of portal infiltrate with invasive tendency as well as of collagen spurs penetrating in the portal spaces, suggest the onset of the chronicity. In AH the changes with predictive value present in both AH and hepatic steatosis are, the alterations of the liver surface, and especially perivenular and perisynusoidal fibrosis. PMID- 6515296 TI - Evolution of depressive disorders in old age under active assistance. PMID- 6515297 TI - Medical and family factors influencing university performances in schizophrenic students. PMID- 6515295 TI - Hierarchy of stimuli and of semantic divergent techniques in rehabilitation of aphasics. PMID- 6515298 TI - Extra-intracranial anastomosis between the superficial temporal artery and a cortical branch of the middle cerebral artery. PMID- 6515299 TI - Ocular signs indicating brain edema in acute cerebral focal ischemia--a partial controversy. PMID- 6515300 TI - Retention of orienting response extinction in nocturnal enuresis. PMID- 6515301 TI - Sympathetic nervous system activity by night recumbency in hypertensives with and without cerebrovascular complications. PMID- 6515302 TI - [Hematological changes induced by industrial pollution in residents and industrial workers in Cubatao, SP (Brazil)]. PMID- 6515304 TI - [Evaluation of maternal nutritional status and duration of breast feeding]. PMID- 6515303 TI - [Multivariate analysis technics for the evaluation of health conditions of the municipalities of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil]. PMID- 6515305 TI - [Encephalitis in the Valley of Ribeira region, Sao Paulo, Brazil, in the post endemic period from 1978 to 1983: status of the etiological diagnosis and epidemiological characteristics]. PMID- 6515306 TI - [The effect of aging on tissue uptake of radioactive rubidium 86Rb in the bones of rats]. PMID- 6515307 TI - [The effect of parathormone on the uptake of radioactive rubidium 86Rb in the tissues in rats]. PMID- 6515308 TI - [Complement and noncomplement hemolysis of blood cells in patients with various blood diseases after the administration of the crude toxins of Agkistrodon piscivorus, Naja naja, Naja oxiana]. PMID- 6515309 TI - [Diagnosis and therapy of malignant tumors of the nasopharynx]. PMID- 6515310 TI - Acute pancreatitis. The correlation between clinical course, protease inhibitors, and complement and kinin activation. PMID- 6515311 TI - Effects of upper abdominal sympathectomy on gastric acid, serum gastrin, and catecholamines in the rat gut. AB - Selective upper abdominal sympathectomy increased basal acid output in rats but was without effect on stimulated acid output, serum gastrin concentration, and gastric mucosal histidine decarboxylase activity. The sympathectomy was verified by fluorescence histochemistry and determination of tissue catecholamines. A drastic reduction in tissue noradrenaline, adrenaline, and dopamine levels occurred after sympathectomy, and fluorescence microscopy showed a complete loss of adrenergic nerve fibers. Vagotomy reduced catecholamine levels in the stomach wall by 50% but did not affect the catecholamine content in the pancreas and small bowel. Surprisingly, combined vagotomy and upper abdominal sympathectomy resulted in lower catecholamine levels than sympathectomy alone in extragastric but not in gastric tissues. PMID- 6515312 TI - Pregnancy in Crohn's disease. AB - Over a 13-year period, the course of 109 pregnancies in 68 women with Crohn's disease was studied. A total of 76 children were delivered. There were no gemellary deliveries, and none of the children had congenital malformations. Pregnancy entailed no increased risk of an exacerbation of the bowel disease. As compared with the reference population and with women with ulcerative colitis, the total material showed an increased risk of premature delivery and spontaneous abortion, but a further analysis showed that this was due only to an increased risk in women with active disease at the time of conception and in women who had undergone bowel resection during pregnancy. Birth weight and birth length corresponded to those in the reference population. The frequency of neonatal hyperbilirubinaemia was not higher in children of mothers with Crohn's disease than in children of healthy mothers. Treatment with sulphasalazine, salazosulphadimidine, and corticosteroids did not influence the course of pregnancy or the frequency of neonatal jaundice or malformations. Consequently, in Crohn's disease a pregnant woman should be given the same medical treatment as when not pregnant. Generally, the women should be advised preferably to conceive at a time when their bowel disease is inactive. The risk groups should be followed up with frequent obstetrical examinations throughout pregnancy. PMID- 6515313 TI - Antigen presentation by Kupffer cells in the rat. AB - Sprague-Dawley rats were immunized with liver-specific protein (LSP), and the functions of isolated Kupffer cells, as accessory cells and antigen-presenting cells, were examined. More than 70% of the cells showed phagocytic activity for latex particles. The proliferative response of spleen lymphocytes stimulated with concanavalin A was lost in the absence of macrophages but was restored by the addition of Kupffer cells. In vitro stimulation with LSP induced binding of lymphocytes to Kupffer cells and enhanced 3H-thymidine incorporation when lymphocytes were incubated with Kupffer cells from immunized rats. These results indicated that Kupffer cells can act both as accessory cells and as antigen presenting cells for LSP. PMID- 6515314 TI - Crohn's disease. Results of excisional surgery in 133 patients. AB - Of a series of 133 patients treated surgically for Crohn's disease during the years 1962-78, 21 had recurrence after previous operations in other hospitals. In addition, 40 of the patients underwent altogether 52 reoperations for recurrent disease; hence the total number of operations was 185. Five patients died in the postoperative period (2.7%). There were five late deaths related to Crohn's disease. The annual recurrence rate after all operations performed was rather constant, averaging 13.1%, and the cumulative recurrence rate after 10 years was 76.1%. The annual rate of reoperation tended to decline, with a cumulative reoperation rate of 35.8% after 10 years. The recurrence rate was not significantly different after primary operations and operations for recurrent disease. There was a higher risk of relapse during the first 2 years after non radical excision of diseased gut than after radical excision. At follow-up examination in 108 patients most were in good general condition. Only eight patients had severe, disabling symptoms with reduced working capacity. PMID- 6515315 TI - The clinical diagnosis of gastritis. II. Aspects of current therapy and drug consumption. AB - Patients with a clinical diagnosis of 'gastritis' or non-ulcer dyspepsia were studied as to the extent and pattern of drugs prescribed from October 1978 through September 1981. This was permitted by the Diagnosis and Therapy Survey, an ongoing nationwide sample study, covering all outpatient care in Sweden. In 98% of the consultations a drug was considered to be indicated. Antacids were prescribed in 76%, an anticholinergic drug in 40%, and a histamine-H2-receptor antagonist (cimetidine) in 3%. The latter figure seemed to increase during the 3 year study period, concomitant with a decrease in the prescription rate of anticholinergic drugs. Gastritis was the major indication not only for antacids and anticholinergic drugs but also for cimetidine, accounting for 35% of all cimetidine prescriptions. Total sales of these drugs in 1981 amounted to about SKR 150 million. Antacids comprised 57%, anticholinergic/spasmolytics 22%, and cimetidine 21% of this amount. The extensive drug use is remarkable considering the lack of convincing data from randomized controlled clinical trials supporting a therapeutic effect of any drug regimen in gastritis. More such trials in well defined patient groups are therefore greatly needed. PMID- 6515316 TI - Prevalence of gallstones in Finland: an autopsy study in the Helsinki area. AB - The prevalence of gallstones in Helsinki (Uusimaa county) was determined in an autopsy sample consisting of 1102 males and 768 females. The crude prevalence of gallstone disease in men was 15.3%, as compared with 34.5% in women. The age adjusted rates for men and women were 8.7% and 15.9%, respectively. The prevalence of gallstone disease appears to be significantly lower in Finland than in Sweden. However, cholecystectomy rates appear to be higher in Finland than in reports from Sweden and Norway. No significant association with neoplastic disease was found. PMID- 6515317 TI - Morphology and function of the parietal cells after proximal selective vagotomy in duodenal ulcer patients. AB - The effects of proximal selective vagotomy (PSV) on parietal cell morphology and the degree of gastric inflammation were investigated and correlated with changes in gastric acid secretion and serum gastrin concentrations in 17 duodenal ulcer patients. Endoscopy, acid secretion tests, and blood sampling were performed preoperatively and 2 months, 1 year, and 3 years postoperatively. The mucosal biopsy specimens obtained at endoscopy were analyzed both light- and electron microscopically. Five healthy persons also underwent gastroscopy and biopsy for comparison. Preoperatively, the duodenal ulcer patients differed significantly from this control group, 33% of whose parietal cells appeared 'secretory'; the corresponding figure for the duodenal ulcer patients was 47%. Two months after the operation the number of secretory parietal cells had fallen to 30%, after which the percentage increased slightly again to 35% 3 years after PSV. A similar phenomenon was observed in the acid secretion capacities, which were maximally depressed 2 months postoperatively and recovered slightly but significantly during the 3-year follow-up period. There was a significant increase in the degree of gastric inflammation after the operation. PMID- 6515318 TI - A computer model simulating the intestinal absorption of bile acids. AB - Mathematical models were developed for assessment of the absorption kinetics of compounds passing down the length of a perfused intestinal segment. The models considered the intestinal segment as a cylinder composed of a large number of very small (infinitesimal) cylinders and described the concentration decline of the compound in situations with active, passive and combined active and passive transport. The maximal velocity of active transport, Vmax, the Michaelis-Menten constant, Km, and the permeability coefficient, P, were calculated. A computer program was developed to operate the mathematical expressions. The models were validated by jejunal and ileal perfusions of various bile acids in six healthy volunteers. The fit between the mathematical models and the actually measured data showed an average standard deviation of 0.14 mmol/l (substrate infusion concentration ranging from 0.25 mmol/l to 3.0 mmol/l). It was concluded that the computer models were feasible for practical purposes. Moreover, the models reduced the number of perfusions necessary to determine the absorption kinetics of a given bile acid. PMID- 6515319 TI - Smoking habits in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. AB - The proportion of smokers in this study was significantly lower among patients with ulcerative colitis (13%) than among patients with Crohn's disease (47%), the difference being significant for both sexes and for the age groups both below and above 40 years. The proportion of male ex-smokers among patients with ulcerative colitis (28%) was higher than among patients with Crohn's disease (8%), whereas the proportions of non-smokers differed less. Many of the patients with ulcerative colitis who had a late onset were male ex-smokers. The smoking patients with ulcerative colitis were mainly women. They smoked less than the smoking patients with Crohn's disease and less than the ex-smokers in each group. No smoking patient with ulcerative colitis smoked greater than 20 cigarettes/day. In the group of male ex-smokers with ulcerative colitis, there was an accumulation of onsets during the 4 years after the definitive smoking stop. The number of colectomies performed on patients with ulcerative colitis did not vary with smoking habits. In the group of ex-smokers the colectomy was performed after the smoking stop in 19 out of 20 patients. PMID- 6515320 TI - Morbidity of peptic ulcer. Registration of hospital discharges in Denmark 1978 1980. AB - A descriptive investigation of the frequency of discharges and the frequency of complications for patients with ulcer disease on the basis of the National Patient Registry in Denmark covering the years 1978, 1979, and 1980 for the diagnoses gastric ulcer, duodenal ulcer, gastrojejunal ulcer, peptic ulcer, site unspecified, and gastritis-duodenitis is presented. The number of discharges was constant--12,000-13,000 annually, or 250 per 100,000 inhabitants--with a 4% increase for gastric ulcer and an 11% decrease for duodenal ulcer during the period. The frequency of discharges was of the same size as for comparable groups of diseases in Denmark in 1970-1977 but greater than in the United Kingdom. The number of patients discharged was 10,000 annually. The consumption of bed days fell from 126,000 to 106,000, implying a reduction in the average length of stay from 9.6 to 8.3 days. The total number of surgical operations and the number of elective operations was constant, around 2000 and 1400 annually, respectively. Of the patients discharged 20% had had a bleeding and 8% a perforation from their ulcer. During the period of examination cimetidine was introduced in the treatment, and this may have influenced the decrease in the consumption of bed days and the frequency of discharges for duodenal ulcer. PMID- 6515321 TI - The effect of cimetidine treatment on ethanol formation in the human stomach. AB - Ethanol concentrations were determined in the gastric juice of 53 patients treated with a nasogastric tube. Significant ethanol concentrations ranging from 1 to 27 mmol/l were found in a subgroup of 29 patients receiving cimetidine (n = 22) or antacids (n = 7). The mean ethanol concentration in these patients was higher 1-2 h after a liquid meal (means +/- SEM, 6.95 +/- 2.6) than in the fasting state (3.44 +/- 2.1; p less than 0.05). In the second subgroup of 24 patients, who were not treated with cimetidine or antacids, ethanol concentrations in gastric juice of more than 1 mmol/l were found in 6 cases, with maximal ethanol values of 2.2 mmol/l. The alcohol concentration correlated significantly with the pH of the gastric juice. It is assumed that an increase in the yeast and/or bacterial population in the stomach due to the reduction of gastric acidity induced by cimetidine or antacids is responsible for the enhanced production of ethanol. PMID- 6515322 TI - Urinary porphyrins in liver disease. AB - By use of quantitative thin-layer chromatography, urinary porphyrins were examined in 40 healthy volunteers, 38 patients with prophyria cutanea tarda (PCT), and 139 patients with various liver diseases. Significant elevations not only of coproporphyrin but also of some other porphyrins were found in many patients with liver disease. However, there was no evident relationship between porphyrin disturbances and functional or clinical findings, and all of these non PCT patients who initially demonstrated intense uroporphyrinuria, when re-studied apparently had more normal porphyrin excretion. It seems, therefore, that whereas porphyrin estimations are useful in porphyrias, no clinically important conclusions can be drawn from urinary findings in patients with liver disease. The origin of defective haem biosynthesis in liver disease remains obscure. It can only be speculated that transient and reversible urocoproporphyrinuria may occur in patients with defective hepatic uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase activity who clinically and biochemically are not porphyric. PMID- 6515323 TI - Decreased red cell enolase activity in a 40-year-old woman with compensated haemolysis. AB - A 40-year-old woman splenectomized 17 years previously for hereditary haemolytic anaemia was investigated in our laboratory because of persistent conjunctival subicterus associated with compensated haemolysis. The results of the autohaemolysis and osmotic fragility tests were similar to those usually observed in hereditary spherocytosis. Red cell enzyme assays indicated a decreased amount of kinetically normal enolase. The genetic transmission of this defect could not be established since the only other affected member of the family was the proposita's father who died several years ago after splenectomy for an undefined haemolytic disorder. PMID- 6515324 TI - Granulopoietic precursors in chronic neutropenia. AB - 11 patients with chronic neutropenia were evaluated. In 6 patients low numbers of CFU-DG were observed. Only 3 of these patients also had low CFU-C numbers, suggesting that these two precursors are not identical. Bone marrow samples from 2 patients were restudied a year later. The number of CFU-DG remained low while CFU-C numbers increased to control range in 1 patient. Studies for serum inhibitors were negative. No cytogenetic abnormalities were observed. This study suggests that abnormalities at different levels in the haemopoietic precursor cell hierarchy can be detected either simultaneously or independently in patients with chronic neutropenia. PMID- 6515325 TI - Different forms of AT-III congenital defect: a study by crossed immunoelectrofocusing. AB - Antithrombin III (AT-III) deficiency may be due to quantitative or qualitative AT III reduction. The diagnosis of qualitative disorder is suspected when a discrepancy is found between immunological and functional levels of AT-III. Heterogeneity has been hypothesized in both quantitative and qualitative deficiency of AT-III. A technique based on crossed immunoelectrofocusing (CIEF) was applied to investigate molecular variants of AT-III. 3 families with low functional and immunological levels of AT-III and 1 family with only a low functional AT-III level were investigated. An abnormal AT-III pattern was found with CIEF in the family with suspected qualitative disorder and in 1 of the families with quantitative disorder. The 2 abnormal patterns were different. Thus the use of CIEF AT-III patterns could help to define congenital AT-III deficiencies and could serve as a basis for classification of different forms of AT-III deficiency. PMID- 6515326 TI - A study of certain functional parameters of monocytes from patients with multiple myeloma: comparison with monocytes from healthy individuals. AB - Selected functions (i.e. phagocytosis and chemotaxis of circulating blood monocytes were studied on cells obtained from 20 patients with untreated multiple myeloma (MM) and the results were compared with those obtained on cells from 60 healthy persons. The mean number of circulating monocytes was only slightly increased over the normal value although a marked monocytosis was demonstrated in all of the 4 patients with M-components of the lambda light chain type. Plasma cells isolated from peripheral blood and from bone marrow of patients with MM were found to possess a strong alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase activity. No differences were observed in the phagocytic activity of monocytes from patients compared with those of the controls, whereas the chemotactic responsiveness of the monocytes from the patients was slightly increased. PMID- 6515327 TI - Surface morphology of human platelets during in vitro aggregation. AB - The alterations of surface morphology of human platelets during the course of the aggregometer tracing were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Prior to activation the platelet rich plasma was pre-incubated at 37 degrees C for at least 30 min in order to obtain a sufficient number of discoid platelets. Immediately following the addition of collagen or ADP platelets showed slender pseudopods which thereafter were replaced by bulbous protrusions. The decrease in percent light transmission (%T) in the aggregometer tracing was characterized in SEM by a significant enlargement of bulbous protrusions and by the transformation of platelet shape from disc to sphere. During the increase in %T platelets forming primary aggregates displayed spiny pseudopods at their surface indicating that, during in vitro aggregation induced by collagen or ADP, two generations of pseudopods are formed. Using a low dose of ADP, the return of aggregometer tracing to the base line was regularly accompanied by dissociation of primary aggregates, but platelets remained spheroid and displayed pseudopods for a long time. Our study indicates that the course of aggregometer tracing is closely associated to the surface morphology of platelets. Single morphological changes, however, are not reflected by the aggregometer method. PMID- 6515328 TI - Chemotherapy resolves symptoms and reverses marrow fibrosis in myelofibrosis. AB - 12 patients with symptomatic chronic myelofibrosis were treated with either busulphan or 6-thioguanine. Therapy was without significant side effects and resulted in a reduction in the size of liver and spleen and an improvement in well-being in all cases. In 7 patients the Hb value rose and the extent of marrow fibrosis was reduced in the 5 patients in whom bone marrow examination was repeated after treatment. Chemotherapy is an effective and safer alternative to splenectomy in patients with myelofibrosis with symptomatic anaemia, symptomatic splenomegaly or constitutional symptoms such as fever, weight loss and night sweats. PMID- 6515329 TI - Dysfibrinogenaemia associated with a defect in the aggregation of the fibrin monomers (Almeria I fibrinogen). A preliminary study. AB - A patient with functionally defective fibrinogen has been studied. Fibrinogen Almeria I was found to have a prolonged of latency time (LT) and a decrease in rate of gelation (RG) when plasma or isolated fibrinogen were activated by thrombin or reptilase. This fibrinogen also has the unusual formation of cross linked fibrin; the existence of unpolymerized alpha chains was confirmed. PMID- 6515330 TI - Prognostic factors in IgD myeloma: a study of 21 cases. AB - A series of 21 patients with IgD myeloma was studied retrospectively, to assess which parameter present at the time of diagnosis was of prognostic importance for survival and whether the clinical staging system of Durie and Salmon had predictive value for the survival time of these patients. Survival time did not appear to be correlated with haemoglobin concentration, thrombocytopenia, initial level of M-protein, amount of Bence-Jones proteinuria, hypercalcaemia, serum creatinine level, presence of osteolytic lesions or hepatosplenomegaly. Neither did the staging system of Durie and Salmon predict the survival time. It is concluded that clinical staging is of limited value in the management and prediction of the survival time of IgD myeloma patients. PMID- 6515331 TI - The myelodysplastic syndromes--a study of haemostatic function and platelet ultrastructure. AB - The myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are characterised by dysplastic marrow and cytopenia. Clinically detectable bleeding is uncommon and usually attributed to thrombocytopenia. We have investigated some aspects of haemostatic function in 17 patients with MDS and compared the results with findings from 17 control patients matched for age and sex. No specific disorder of blood coagulation or fibrinolysis was identified. The main abnormalities observed in the patients were: prolongation of the bleeding time which was greater than could be explained on the basis of thrombocytopenia in 13 patients; absent, or severely impaired platelet aggregation in response to collagen in 7 patients; impaired platelet production of malondialydehyde when stimulated with collagen and abnormal release of 14C-5 hydroxytryptamine in 5 patients; and abnormalities of ultrastructure in all 5 patients whose platelets were viewed by electron microscopy. PMID- 6515332 TI - On the difficulties in the diagnosis of hairy cell leukaemia. PMID- 6515333 TI - Serum thymidine kinase in megaloblastic anaemia. PMID- 6515334 TI - Identical or distinct functional roles for products of the HLA-DR, DC, and SB loci. PMID- 6515335 TI - Hourglass model of psychiatric diseases: the endogenous psychoses. AB - On the basis of Jaspers' conception, a continuum of disease entities was earlier proposed. According to this linear disease model, a psychopathological syndrome, expanded with course of illness over a specified period of time (small disease entity) and with the etiopathogenesis (etiopathogenetical-syndromatological disease entity), can progress to the full disease entity. In empirical studies, variables indicating psychopathological disorders, on the one hand, and social maladjustment, on the other, form a relatively antagonistic open system in the outcome. Based on this finding and on the conceptions of multi-axial classifications, an hourglass model is proposed as a further development of the linear disease model. The proposed model reflects the intertwining of life history and case history, and offers the opportunity for both the elaboration of hypotheses that lend themselves to testing, and a synthesis of the biological and social psychiatric approaches. PMID- 6515336 TI - Psychotherapy in schizophrenia: the end of the pioneers' period. AB - A position in regard to evaluation of the efficacy of psychotherapy with schizophrenia is presented. It is suggested that personal motivation is essential in this type of treatment. PMID- 6515338 TI - First person account: where did I go? PMID- 6515337 TI - Prognosis and outcome using broad (DSM-II) and narrow (DSM-III) concepts of schizophrenia. AB - The classical prognostic indicators of Vaillant and Stephens, the acute onset of psychotic symptoms, and key demographic factors were investigated as predictors of outcome in a prospective study of 153 schizophrenic patients defined using broad (DSM-II) and narrow (DSM-III) concepts of schizophrenia. Findings indicate: Several established prognostic items did not show strong predictive utility in DSM-II or DSM-III schizophrenia when young, nonchronic patients were studied. For both DSM-II and DSM-III schizophrenic patients, longitudinal assessments of psychotic symptoms, work history, and social functioning predicted their respective assessments at followup. However, the predictive utility of some key prognostic indicators shifted for narrow vs. broad concepts of schizophrenia. Most importantly, sex, which was the most powerful predictor of overall outcome among patients with DSM-II schizophrenia, failed to predict outcome among patients with DSM-III schizophrenia, primarily because many women with favorable outcome did not meet the DSM-III criteria for schizophrenia. DSM-III schizophrenia comprises a more homogeneous group of poor prognosis patients in comparison to DSM-II schizophrenia. Educational level, age at first hospitalization, and work history were successful predictors of outcome (p less than .01) when a new, narrow concept of schizophrenia was used. PMID- 6515339 TI - [The bacteriological evaluation of swimming and bathing pool water--a European comparison]. PMID- 6515341 TI - [Experiences in monitoring in the field of bath hygiene]. PMID- 6515340 TI - [Preparation and disinfection of swimming pool water]. PMID- 6515342 TI - [Bath hygiene from the viewpoint of a district medical officer]. PMID- 6515343 TI - [Studies of bathing pool water in sauna immersion baths, hot whirlpools and swimming pools]. PMID- 6515344 TI - [Special problems of modern bathing facilities]. PMID- 6515345 TI - [Problems in the preparation and disinfection of medicinal and mineral baths]. PMID- 6515346 TI - [The burden of swimming and bathing pools and the measurement of effective circulation]. PMID- 6515347 TI - [The problem of warts and molluscum contagiosum in swimming pools]. PMID- 6515348 TI - [Blood glucose determination at the bedside with test strips and reflection photometer: comparison of 2 instruments with a standard method]. AB - The accuracy of blood glucose measurements was evaluated with two different test strip-reflection photometer systems (Reflolux and Reflocheck). Two experienced technicians took 92 measurements in capillary blood at the bedside and the results were compared with a reference value obtained from the same capillary blood sample by a standard automated glucose oxidase method. Both test strips agreed well with the reference value, with high correlation coefficients and with total errors of less than 25%. It remains to be established whether the two methods are as reliable when performed by patients themselves. PMID- 6515349 TI - [Tuberculin tests and the incidence of tuberculosis in students. Experiences from the Basle school health service]. AB - 15-year-old reactors to intradermic tuberculin tests were analized over the period from 1976 to 1983 to assess the prevalence of tuberculosis in this age group. The proportion of children with BCG vaccination increased in the observation period from 34% to 49%. The rate of spontaneous tuberculin convertors has therefore to be calculated as a proportion of the non-vaccinated children only. During the years 1976-1983, this rate was between a minimum of 6.3% and maximum 14.5%. Since the children had not been tested for four years previously, an incidence between 1.5 an 3% can be calculated for this age group. PMID- 6515350 TI - [Comparison between CT and NMR images. Physical aspects]. AB - On the basis of simple physical considerations, parameters influencing the computer tomograph (CT) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) pictures are compared. In the case of the CT, only X-ray tube voltage and radiation intensity (i.e. dose to the patient) can be altered. Changing the X-ray tube voltage alone produces no special diagnostic advantages, unless the method is supplemented, for a specific body region, by separate determination of the "Hounsfield number" in Compton or photoelectric numbers. However, the method is associated with relatively major measurement and evaluation problems. A survey of the principles of the NMR technique is followed by a brief explanation of the so-called "tissue parameters" and "measurement parameters" which influence picture quality in the NMR technique. Despite certain advantages it can scarcely be expected that the NMR technique will replace the CT technique in the next few years: it is very probable, however, that a shift to specific examinations will occur in the case of the latter. PMID- 6515351 TI - Reference values for adolescents from ages 15 to 20. PMID- 6515352 TI - [Physiopathology of infectious endocarditis]. AB - Infectious endocarditis (IE) develops following bacteremic episodes during which bacteria may attach to sterile thrombotic vegetations. Such thrombotic vegetations result from the deposition of platelets and fibrin on lesioned endothelium. These sterile vegetations are the most susceptible to infection in the left side of the heart, since this localization is found in as much as 80% of the patients with IE. Any circulating bacterial or mycotic organism may induce endocarditis, but streptococci are most often responsible, possibly because of their high capacity to adhere to thrombotic vegetations. The host cell defenses apparently cannot penetrate the dense network of platelet and fibrin in the vegetation, and humoral immunity (antibodies and complement) are of no help against gram-positive cocci. Thus, the infected vegetation has been compared to a localized agranulocytic focus, permitting the survival of infection and allowing bacteria to be released freely and continuously into the circulation (hence the constant bacteremia, a hallmark of IE). In the subacute and chronic evolution of IE, the clinical findings are mainly due to immunization of the host against the infecting microbe, resulting in antigen-antibody-complex-mediated vasculitis, and in nonspecific symptoms. Only positive blood cultures at this stage will confirm the clinical suspicion of endocarditis. Embolism may occur in any organ and falsify the diagnosis because of focal signs. Local complications of IE are the major cause of mortality in this disease, and are due to valve perforation, paravalvular abscesses, cardiac metastatic abscesses etc. If these complications occur early in the course of IE, the course may be acute.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6515353 TI - [Infectious endocarditis: clinical aspects and diagnosis]. AB - In a discussion of infectious endocarditis (IE), the clinical picture, current most important diagnostic methods (especially echocardiography) and prognosis under conservative therapy and valve replacement are described in detail, in the light of experience at the Hanover Medical School in recent years. While the clinical picture is usually typical, at any rate in the early stages of the disease, antibiotic therapy (when started without blood cultures and exact characterization of the germs involved) or severe complications can change the symptoms to the extent that diagnosis becomes very difficult. Apart from blood cultures, echocardiography, is of prime importance in diagnosis, the latter allows demonstration of vegetations either by M-mode or two-dimensional echocardiography (conventional or esophageal) in some 80% of cases. A special situation is encountered in prosthetic valve endocarditis (PVE): although the incidence of early PVE (which follows hard on the heels of valve replacement) is decreasing, mortality is still high despite early reoperation. Late PVE (after a free interval of approximately 2 months to years) resembles IE of the native valves and often allows medical treatment, especially in the presence of biological valves. The prognosis in IE is still poor and depends mainly on early diagnosis, i.e. a very early start with antibiotic treatment, which must be based on a positive bacterial diagnosis. PMID- 6515354 TI - [Therapy and prevention of infectious endocarditis]. AB - Only 40 years ago infectious endocarditis (IE) was lethal in most cases. Due to the development of numerous antibiotics and continuous improvements in heart valve surgery, a wide range of possibilities for therapy and prophylaxis of IE are available. The prognosis depends essentially on rapid and relevant diagnosis, which should be followed by immediate and adequate therapy consisting of general measures for treatment of septicaemic disease and specific antibiotic therapy. As multiple complications may develop during IE, careful follow-up by clinical, laboratory and mechanical examinations is necessary to decide whether surgical intervention is urgently indicated or not. In case of complications such as myocardial failure, septicaemic embolism or acute renal failure, as well as septicaemia persisting for more than 72 hours in spite of antibiotic treatment, immediate valve replacement is usually indispensable. Furthermore, large vegetations found by echocardiography, or infections caused by staphylococci, gramnegative bacteria or fungi are arguments for early surgery. For most of the IE pathogens the antibiotic treatment concept is nowadays widely acknowledged. Penicillin-sensitive streptococci are treated with a combination of penicillin S and an amino-glycoside (streptomycin). If the penicillin-MBK is very low, combined treatment can usually be abandoned. In patients allergic to penicillin, treatment with lincomycin has advantages over vancomycin or cephalosporins. In enterococcal IE, ampicillin plus aminoglycoside is the combination of choice. Streptomycin has preference over gentamicin here only if the enterococci are not streptomycin-resistant. If penicillin allergy is evident, the new beta-lactam antibiotic imipenem offers a way out of the present therapy dilemma. For penicillin-sensitive staphylococci a combination of penicillin-G with gentamicin given over 6 weeks is recommended. In case of penicillin allergy, cefazolin or vancomycin may provide a substitute for penicillin. In penicillin-resistant staphylococci the combination of oxacillin or flucloxacillin with gentamicin is established. Fungal endocarditis can be treated with a combination of amphotericin-B and flucytosin. Cure without surgery, however, is rare. For the large remaining number of pathogens which are less frequently responsible for IE, antibiotic management depends on sensitivity test in vitro, as the sensitivity of pathogens may vary widely. Though not only groups of patients with high infection rates are widely known, but also the events provoking the infections, the prophylaxis of IE continues to be inadequate.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6515355 TI - [Prosthesis endocarditis--a surgical indication!]. AB - The authors summarize their experience of the management of 26 patients with prosthetic valve endocarditis. Out of 11 patients who did not undergo surgery, 8 were treated medically, with 9 early deaths (mortality 75%). 15 patients were treated surgically with 3 deaths caused by resistant infection (mortality 20%). Prosthetic valve endocarditis remains a dangerous complication of valve replacement, and the authors recommend immediate valve replacement in all patients with infected mechanical valves. PMID- 6515356 TI - [Heart surgery in patients older than 70 years]. AB - Between 1980 and 1983, 103 patients over the age of seventy (average 72.5 years) underwent cardiac surgery. It comprised 41 aortic valve replacements, 11 mitral valve operations, 7 aortic and mitral valve procedures, 18 valve replacements with concomitant coronary artery bypass grafting, 17 coronary revascularizations, 7 operations for VSD after acute myocardial infarction and 2 procedures for dissecting aneurysm of the ascending aorta. Early mortality was 7.8% and late mortality 10% after a mean follow-up of 29.3 months. Preoperative NYHA-class IV is an incremental risk factor for early and later cardiac death. Early and late results are very satisfactory in patients with isolated valvular lesion, with or without concomitant coronary artery disease, and for isolated coronary atherosclerotic heart disease, whereas there is a high risk of early and late death in patients with multiple valvular lesions or VSD after acute myocardial infarction. PMID- 6515357 TI - [Thoracic aortic aneurysm. Pathologico-anatomical analysis of 111 cases]. AB - Only about 8% of all aortic aneurysms are localized in the thoracic segment. They are mainly due to degenerative diseases of the media (medianecrosis and mucoid degeneration); predominating in the ascending aorta, they possess a marked tendency to wall dissection. Their frequency decreases in the distal direction. On the other hand, arteriosclerotic aneurysms are rare in the proximal aortic segments and predominate more in the distal direction. Aneurysms due to inflammatory diseases are found mainly in the aortic arch and the descending thoracic aorta. About half of them are dissecting. PMID- 6515359 TI - [A new model for the quantitative analysis of left ventricular regional function]. AB - A computer-assisted model for quantitative analysis of left ventricular segmental wall motion is presented. In contrast to standard rectangular and radial chord methods, no coordinate and reference system is used. Normal wall motion of 5 ventricular segments in the RAO projection was evaluated in 20 patients with normal ventriculograms. Segmental wall motion abnormalities after myocardial infarction were then analyzed by the computer-assisted method in 60 patients and the results compared with the visual assessment of an experienced cardiologist as standard reference. 96% of all segments with normal motion, 95% of all hypokinetic segments and 100% of all dyskinetic segments were correctly identified by computer analysis. Akinesia, however, was detected only in 25% of all cases and misinterpreted chiefly as hypokinesia. Further refinement of the software should improve detection of akinesia and classification of hypokinesia. PMID- 6515358 TI - [The course of endomyocardial fibrosis following surgical endocardial decortication]. AB - Between 1971 and 1983 the authors observed 10 patients with left ventricular (n = 3) and biventricular (n = 7) endomyocardial fibrosis (7 women and 3 men). Seven of the 10 patients underwent open heart surgery with endocardial decortication of the left (n = 5) or left and right (n = 2) ventricle combined with mitral (n = 6) and tricuspid (n = 2) valve replacement. In 1 patient left ventricular endocardial decortication was performed without valve replacement. Three of the 10 patients were treated medically because functional limitation was only mild. One of the medically treated patients died 4 years later from congestive heart failure. Postoperative follow-up was 4.4 years. Two of the 7 patients who had undergone surgery died due to recurrence of endomyocardial fibrosis with blood eosinophilia of 46% (Loffler's endocarditis) in one, and due to severe left ventricular heart failure in the other. Annual mortality was 6.4%. NYHA classification was 3.4 pre- and 2.0 (p less than 0.005) postoperatively. Four patients were recatheterized 10 months after surgery: left ventricular end diastolic pressure had decreased significantly from 24.6 to 13.6 mm Hg, cardiac index had increased slightly from 1.9 to 2.4 l/min/m2, left ventricular end diastolic volume had increased from 69 to 84 ml/m2 (ns) and left ventricular ejection fraction remained unchanged pre- and postoperatively (59% and 57% respectively). It is concluded that endomyocardial fibrosis involves both ventricles in 70% of all patients, and that women are affected more frequently than men. Endocardial decortication with AV-valve replacement is regarded as the therapy of choice.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6515360 TI - [Incidence and course of complex ventricular arrhythmias in myocardial infarct as a function of infarct size, heart function and persistent ischemia]. AB - Incidence and course of complex ventricular ectopic activity (VEA) after myocardial infarction was prospectively evaluated in 217 patients in relation to infarct size, location, ventricular function and signs of persistent ischemia. Complex VEA (Lown greater than III) was found acutely in 138 patients (63.6%) and at hospital discharge in 42 (19.3%). Of 79 patients with VEA Lown less than or equal to III in the first 24 hours, 93.7% remained VEA-free at follow-up. Patients with persistent complex VEA differed from those who became VEA-free only in left and right ventricular ejection fraction, whereas all the other infarct related factors had no influence on the course of VEA. PMID- 6515361 TI - [A new thermodilution catheter for the determination of heart-minute volume in the arterial system]. AB - A double-lumen polyethylene pigtail catheter (F8, length 100 cm) for the determination of cardiac output (CO) in the arterial system is described. Following femoral insertion of the catheter, 10 ml of ice-cold saline is injected into the left ventricle through the distally ending lumen (0.8 mm2). Through the second lumen (0.8 mm2) which opens 50 cm behind the catheter tip, a thermistor probe (F3, teflon) is advanced into the descending aorta for recording of thermodilution curves. In 21 patients CO was determined first by the Fick method and then by thermodilution in the arterial system. CO by thermodilution correlated favorably with CO by Fick (r = 0.92, SEE 518 ml = 11% of the mean value). There was no systematic deviation from the reference CO. A similarly good correlation existed between stroke volume (SV) by thermodilution and SV by Fick (r = 0.86 SEE 11 ml = 15% of the mean value). Heart rate during thermodilution was 71 bpm, during Fick output estimation 72 bpm (not significant). Following withdrawal of the thermistor probe, simultaneous measurements of left ventricular and aortic pressures can be performed. PMID- 6515362 TI - [Global ventricular function and synchronism of contraction during and after exertion]. AB - Phase analysis and ejection fraction (EF) of the left ventricle were obtained by radionuclide angiography in 53 patients at rest, during submaximal exercise and 3 8 minutes after exercise. The standard deviation of the peak of the histogram of phases (SDP) was used as an index of the synchronicity of regional contraction. The material comprised 13 sportsmen and 40 patients who underwent coronarography, 12 of whom had normal coronaries and 28 significant lesions. EF, while comparable in the three groups at rest, increased significantly on effort in normals and did not change in patients with coronary disease. At rest SDP was higher in coronary patients than in normals (p less than 0.01), and during exercise, it increased, but decreased in normals (p less than 0.01). After exercise, mean EF decreased in comparison with exercise in normals (p less than 0.01), while the opposite was the case in coronary patients. Normals had lower SDP values in the post-exercise period than at rest; on the other hand, SDP of coronary patients was significantly higher in the post-exercise period than at rest (p less than 0.001). Phase analysis during, and particularly after, exercise was found to be superior to EF in detecting ischemic left-ventricular dysfunction, and should be used in conjunction with EF to evaluate patients suspect for coronary disease. PMID- 6515363 TI - [Prognostic value of the late potentials of ventricular activation in coronary disease]. AB - Identification of subsets of patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) who are prone to ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation (VT/VF) and to sudden arrhythmic death still represents one of the major problems in clinical cardiology today. Ninety-two patients with CAD were included in this prospective study, which was designed to assess the prognostic significance of ventricular late potentials (VLP) detected non-invasively using high-gain electrocardiography and signal averaging. The results clearly demonstrate that the presence of VLP increases the risk of VT/VF and the risk of sudden arrhythmic death in CAD patients. Because of its high sensitivity and non-invasiveness, high-gain electrocardiography should be included among the various electrophysiological investigations used to assess prognosis in CAD patients. PMID- 6515364 TI - [Swiss pacemaker statistics in 1983]. AB - The data on 98% of pacemakers implanted in 1983 in Switzerland were analyzed and compared with previous years. The number of first implantations slightly increased to 240 per million population per year (1982: 216). 80% of pacemakers used were multiprogrammable, and 7.7% were physiological pacemakers. Counting only the centers implanting physiological pacemakers, the number is 14.5%. Complications demanding reinterventions decreased slightly. This applied especially to complications related to implantation techniques. PMID- 6515365 TI - [Expectations in the vasodilator treatment of secondary pulmonary hypertension]. PMID- 6515366 TI - [How bothersome is fiber bronchoscopy under local anesthesia?]. AB - All the 79 (7.4%) complications of 1066 fiberoptic bronchoscopies performed under standardized topical anaesthesia in in- and outpatients were analyzed retrospectively. With the 4.9 mm bronchoscope the transnasal route was possible in all cases, and with the 6.0 mm bronchoscope in 92%. There were no deaths and no major complications, with the exception of one tension-pneumothorax, one pneumonia, one pulmonary edema and one 500 ml hemorrhage. The most frequent complications were minor hemorrhages (4.1%) which occurred mainly after biopsies and were rarely recognized by the patients. laryngospasms (1.5%) and bronchospasms (1.4%). The rate of complications was higher in patients with a FEV1 of less than 60% predicted (p = 0.02) and in patients with a pO2 below 50 mm Hg (p = 0.06). We recommend the administration of oxygen during fiberoptic bronchoscopy. Fever within 36 hours after bronchoscopy was observed in 12% and subsided without antibiotic therapy. In the light of these risks, patients should be informed prior to the procedure of the possible occurrence of shortness of breath, hemorrhage and fever. PMID- 6515367 TI - [The artificial St. Jude valve: clinical course and complications recorded in 155 patients]. AB - The St. Jude Medical cardiac valve is a low-profile, bileaflet, central-flow prosthesis made of pyrolitic carbon. During a 39-month period (October 1, 1979 to December 31, 1982) a total of 169 St. Jude valves were implanted in 155 patients. While 141 patients received one valve, 95 in the aortic, 45 in the mitral and 1 in the tricuspid position, 14 patients had a double (aortic and mitral) valve replacement. The perioperative mortality rate was 3.2%. All surviving patients had anticoagulation treatment with acenocoumarol and there was a 98% follow-up during a period of 19.5 +/- 4.5 months. The late mortality rate was 4.7%. Substantial clinical improvement resulted with the St. Jude valve: whereas 81.9% of patients were in NYHA functional class III or IV preoperatively, 87.1% were in class I or II after valve replacement. The patients generally had a slight increase in LDH levels but hemolysis was responsible for moderate anemia only in 5 cases. There were 10 nonfatal neurological accidents, probably due to thromboembolic events, resulting in a risk of thromboembolism of 4.04% per patient year; 4 of the 10 patients were incompletely anticoagulated and 3 had cardiac arrhythmia. There were 5 hemorrhagic complications, one of which was fatal (subarachnoidal hemorrhage). Endocarditis occurred in 4 patients and death ensued in one of these. Seven patients developed perivalvular leak which was moderate in 5 cases and severe in 2 cases. In conclusion, these results are promising and the St. Jude Medical cardiac valve appears to be a valid alternative in surgical therapy of valvular heart disease. However, the risk of thromboembolism justifies long-term anticoagulation. PMID- 6515368 TI - [Pirbuterol and salbutamol aerosol for exercise-induced bronchoconstriction]. AB - Exercise-induced bronchoconstriction was produced in 12 asthmatic patients after a 6 minutes run on a 10% steep treadmill ergometer. FEV1 decreased by 12-73% (average 27%) of the control value measured before the run. The rather severe exercise-induced bronchoconstriction remained constant for 10-20 minutes after the run. 21 minutes after the run two puffs of a bronchodilator (salbutamol 0.2 mg or pirbuterol 0.4 mg) were inhaled in an open randomized cross-over fashion at intervals of 1 to 3 days. Following both bronchodilators FEV1 returned to the control value within 5 minutes. There was no significant difference between the bronchodilating effect of salbutamol versus pirbuterol. Furthermore, no significant differences were observed in pulse rates after inhalation of the two selective beta-2-stimulators. In our trial both pirbuterol and salbutamol seemed to be well tolerated; side effects were not observed for either drug. PMID- 6515369 TI - [Narcoleptic syndrome]. AB - Only in the last century was the narcoleptic syndrome recognized as a distinct entity fundamentally different from epilepsy. It is characterized by increased daytime sleepiness, usually as short sleep attacks, and by cataplexy. The latter is reflected in attacks of fully or incompletely developed loss of muscle tone, and in distressing akinetic states (so-called sleep paralysis) which chiefly occur in transition states between wake and sleep. In about half the patients, excessive daytime sleepiness may manifest itself in twilight states of lowered vigilance with automatic behaviour and amnesia. Many narcoleptics suffer from hallucinations, which may occur as they are falling asleep, during sleep paralysis, cataplectic attacks, and daytime sleepiness. Knowledge of the pathogenesis of narcoleptic disturbances is still incomplete but has been essentially widened by the discovery of paradoxical sleep, because cataplexy, sleep paralysis and hypnagogic hallucinations may now be interpreted as dissociated paradoxical sleep phenomena. The treatment of narcolepsy comprises advice in appropriate daily regimen, nutrition and vocational orientation as well as medication by stimulating agents for hypersomnolence and by tricyclic drugs for cataplexy. PMID- 6515370 TI - [Nocturnal hypoglycemia in type-I diabetics, an underestimated risk?]. AB - In 22 type I labile diabetics aged 20-64 years, various nighttime blood sugar (BS) values were obtained. Although 13 patients in 15 of 43 nights investigated measured below 2.8 mmol/l (50 mg%) for many hours, two thirds remained symptomless while the remainder suffered from minor hypoglycemic symptoms. The lowest BS values were obtained at about 3 a.m. Prospective as well as retrospective estimation of the hypoglycemic risk was performed with the aid of fasting and bed time BS. Causes and measures for prevention of the unexpectedly large number of episodes of nighttime hypoglycemia are discussed. Additionally, 18 healthy volunteers aged 24-61 years were investigated during 22 nights in regard to BS-values for comparative purposes: the lowest measured BS was 3.7 mmol/l (66 mg%) with an average nighttime BS of 4.9 +/- 1.1 mmol/l (86 +/- 5 mg%). PMID- 6515371 TI - [Thallium scintigraphy of the thyroid as an alternative procedure for the demonstration of functionally silent thyroid tissue]. AB - The efficacy of 201-thallium thyroid scintigraphy in nonvisualization of one or both thyroid lobes on 123I scan was evaluated prospectively in 38 patients with benign thyroid disease. In 17 of the 18 patients with autonomous toxic adenoma (Plummer's disease) the suppressed thyroid tissue was visualized by 201Tl scintigraphy. In one patient this method failed. A further 7 patients had partially decompensated adenomas demonstrated by both 123I and 201Tl scintigraphy. Homogeneous 201Tl uptake was observed in all 9 patients with bilateral subacute thyroiditis and depressed iodine uptake. Likewise, visualization of the thyroid was possible in the 3 patients with iodine blockade. 201Tl scintigraphy of the thyroid has substantial advantages over TSH stimulation and can be performed in all cases with diminished or suspended iodine metabolism. PMID- 6515372 TI - [Indications for and significance of computerized tomographic studies in radicular syndromes]. AB - Radicular symptoms are produced by disc herniations or spinal stenoses, causing compression of the exiting nerve roots. For radiologic evaluation of lumbar radicular symptoms, computed tomography has the same diagnostic accuracy as myelography and therefore is the diagnostic modality of choice. In cases of recurrent radicular symptoms after operation for disc herniation, computed tomography is superior to myelography for differentiation between recurrent disc herniation and hypertrophic scar formation. Cervical computed tomography is less accurate for detection of cervical disc herniations, because the shoulders regularly produce severe artifacts at deeper levels C 6/7 and C 7/D1. For this reason, computed tomography is only recommended for diagnostic workup of cervical disc herniations at levels higher than C 6/7. PMID- 6515373 TI - [Clinical demonstrations: Heart rupture in acute myocardial infarct. Infectious endocarditis. Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome]. AB - This clinical demonstration includes three topics of clinical cardiology: myocardial rupture in acute myocardial infarction, infective endocarditis, and WPW-syndrome with paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia. In the first part three cases with septal perforation or papillary muscle rupture are demonstrated. Our experience with myocardial rupture (free wall, septum, papillary muscle) during the last six years is summarized with special reference to the significance and the differential diagnosis of systolic regurgitant murmurs after myocardial infarction. Special features of acute mitral incompetence (papillary muscle dysfunction) in myocardial infarction are outlined and diagnostic guidelines for differentiation between septal perforation and papillary muscle rupture are discussed. In the second part two patients with aortic (e.g. mitral) valve rupture in the course of infective endocarditis are presented. The synoptic comparison of these two patients is related to the results of our own clinical studies on the changing pattern of infective endocarditis (epidemiologically, clinically) during the last three decades. The clinical picture of acute aortic valve rupture is outlined and the bedside signs indicating catastrophic complications of infective endocarditis are summarized. In the third part the odyssey of a patient with WPW-syndrome and consecutive paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia is described. Progress in electrophysiological analysis of the re-entry circles in preexcitation syndromes is outlined. PMID- 6515374 TI - [What is "psychosomatics"?]. AB - A psychosomatic model is presented which develops Freud's concept of drive in the light of modern system theory and semiotics. In this frame, Pawlov's findings of conditioning assume a new and important significance. PMID- 6515375 TI - [Significance of basic concepts in depth psychology for psychosomatics]. AB - The concept of "the unconscious" is considered the central concept of depth psychology. While the unconscious in Freud's conception consists essentially of repressed material and through conversion can result in psychosomatic illnesses, C. G. Jung saw in the "collective unconscious", which he discovered, the source of all psychic and spiritual development. Mediation between the collective unconscious and the conscious is effected by means of the "archetypes", whose function can be compared with the instincts. Archetypes are manifested through symbols, whose assimilation by consciousness is a prerequisite for psychic and physical health. Consideration of the archetype of the physician suggests that the grounding of medical science in depth psychology would modify not only our understanding of illnesses, but also the physician's understanding of himself. PMID- 6515376 TI - [Conversion: mimicry of somatic symptoms]. AB - Certain symptoms represent the neutralization of intrapsychic conflicts by means of physical symptoms. They mimic symptoms of organic origin and protect the individual from acting out repressed wishes. Since they mimic and protect, the expression "nervous mimicry" seems adequate. The dream, the game of charades and colloquial language present analogies which render the conversion of psychic conflicts into physical symptoms understandable. A clinical vignette is used to elucidate the mechanism of conversion and to illustrate the positive criteria on which the diagnosis of "conversion symptom" must be based. PMID- 6515377 TI - [Emotions and cardiovascular psychosomatic disorders]. AB - The psychological and environmental factors involved in cardiovascular psychosomatic disorders are reviewed. Attention to these factors makes it possible not only to suggest preventive measures, but also to supplement the usual treatment with educational, dietetic and hygienic measures which will help to facilitate rehabilitation. PMID- 6515378 TI - [The psyche and cardiac infarct]. AB - The psychosocial aspects of coronary heart disease before the first myocardial infarction (coronary-prone behaviour in interaction with chronic social risk situations and subacute life events) and the psychic reactions of patients after heart attack (anxiety, depression, denial and overmotivation as a coping strategy) are discussed. Answers are proposed for the following practical questions: Are psychosocial stressors as predictors of coronary disease scientifically documented and accepted as are the traditional risk factors? Must the psychosocial aspects of coronary disease be integrated in new ways into the management of myocardial infarction (comprehensive coronary care) in order to improve prognosis and quality of life for the patient and his family? PMID- 6515379 TI - [The psyche and cancer]. AB - The question of psychosocial risk factors in cancer is discussed. Selected representative studies from the literature are critically reviewed with emphasis on methodological issues. Indirect and direct risk factors have to be differentiated: indirect factors are defined as psychosocial behavior leading to increased carcinogen exposure, while direct factors are psychosocial stresses inducing psychological reactions that may lead to physical changes in different systems of the body. Thus far, in malignant disease, two direct psychosocial risk factors have been postulated: bereavement and personality. Personality is not discussed. Current investigations of the role of bereavement in cancer risk allow the following conclusion: significant personal loss, i.e. death of a spouse, increases general morbidity and mortality (including cancer) in the bereaved. But loss is not specifically related to cancer incidence. Proneness to depression, however, as a possible psychological reaction to loss, may specifically contribute to the risk of cancer. In the light of recent studies of interactions between psychological state and immune system, this hypothesis appears to be biologically plausible. PMID- 6515380 TI - [Effect of the PSMF diet on plasma lipids and lipoproteins in obese subjects]. AB - The influence of weight reduction on plasma lipids, lipoproteins and apoproteins was studied in 14 patients (8 females and 6 males) with varying degrees of obesity. After 4 weeks on hypocaloric diet (PSMF), an 8% weight loss was associated with a significant decrease in total cholesterol (18%), triglycerides (47%) and phospholipids (20%). No significant change was observed in HDL cholesterol. The HDL-cholesterol/total cholesterol ratio was increased. The greatest decrease was observed in VLDL fractions. The decreases in apoprotein A and B were 19% and 15% respectively. These findings indicate that favourable changes in plasma lipoproteins are achieved after weight loss on hypocaloric diet. PMID- 6515381 TI - [Nuclear medical therapy of pheochromocytoma]. AB - 131I-metaiodobenzylguanidine (131I-MIBG) is used for localization procedures in patients with phaeochromocytoma. In high doses and concentrations the same radiopharmaceutical agent can be used for treatment of adrenomedullary tumors. In 4 of our patients, treatment with 131I-MIBG improved the clinical symptoms. In 2 patients with a multilocular phaeochromocytoma, a tumor reduction of some 61% after a total dose of 415 mCi, and of about 10% in the second patient after 365 mCi 131I-MIBG, was measured by computed tomography. In a unilocular intra-adrenal phaeochromocytoma treated with 131I-MIBG, initial clinical improvement was followed by an obstruction of the large abdominal vessels by the growing tumor. There was no close correlation between therapeutic effect and catecholamine secretion. No severe side effects were observed. This new nuclear medical treatment appears to be a reliable therapeutic method for malignant phaeochromocytoma. PMID- 6515382 TI - [Role of vasopressin in reducing the cutaneous blood flow induced by cigarette smoke]. AB - The authors demonstrate that skin vasoconstriction induced by cigarette smoking in normal volunteers is due to a concomitant enhancement of arginine vasopressin release. The skin blood flow reduction after smoking was more pronounced in the subjects reaching the highest levels of arginine vasopressin, and this effect no longer developed after administration of a specific vasopressin antagonist acting at the vascular site. PMID- 6515383 TI - [Analysis of tremor: methodology and clinical perspectives. Preliminary results]. AB - A method of hand tremor measurement is presented in which tremor is recorded as a vibration and analyzed by Fourier transformation. The spectral analysis is then processed by computer. This technique is applied to two groups of volunteers in order to study its reproducibility in various conditions. PMID- 6515384 TI - [Clinical value of determining pepsinogen I]. AB - The serum values of PG I and gastrin have been established in a normal population and in several clinical diseases. The PG I is raised in duodenal, gastric, and pyloric ulcer even though the gastrin is normal. Both PG I and gastrin values are raised in renal insufficiency and the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. The PG I is lowered in atrophic gastritis and alcoholic cirrhosis, and is at the limit of detection in Biermer anemia and total gastrectomy. Insulin and sham-feeding are stimulants for PG I release by patients with duodenal ulcer, but no correlation is observed between PG I output and PAO in the studied group. The results show that PG I is able to distinguish between associated hypergastrinemia and hypoacidity (Biermer anemia type) or a hyperacidity (Zollinger-Ellison syndrome type), and that PG I is a good indicator for gastric hypoacidity. Overlapping between normal and ulcer subjects is comparable to those obtained in acid output determinations. PMID- 6515385 TI - [Aggression inhibition and increased sympathetic nervous reactivity in the development of essential hypertension]. AB - Suppressed aggression and activity of the sympathetic nervous system were assessed in two risk groups for essential hypertension, viz. 24 borderline hypertensives (18 men, 6 women, age range 18-24, 18 with a family history of hypertension) and 24 normotensive offspring of hypertensive parents, and in a control group exactly matched for age, sex and socioeconomic status. In the Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration test, both potential hypertensive groups were significantly less aggressive compared with the controls, and additionally the borderline hypertensives internalized their aggression. Plasma noradrenaline concentrations, as a marker for sympathetic nervous system activity, increased significantly before and during mental stressors (Stroop colour-word conflict test, mental arithmetic) in both groups, whereas in normotensive controls no significant increase occurred. These findings point to a psychosomatic factor in the development of essential hypertension. PMID- 6515386 TI - [Significance of age, sex, kidney function, atopy and number of prescriptions for the occurrence of adverse drug reactions, studied by multivariate statistical methods. Results from the Comprehensive Hospital Drug Monitoring Berne (CHDMB)]. AB - The influence of five factors (age, sex, renal function, atopy and number of drugs) on the incidence of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) is analysed by multivariate statistical methods (loglinear models for contingency tables). The study is based on a total of 19,653 inpatients in the "Comprehensive Hospital Drug Monitoring Berne (CHDMB)". RESULTS: 1. The risk of ADRs mainly increases with the number of drugs. 2. Increasing age and female sex are also confirmed as risk factors by these statistical methods. Reduced renal function (increased serum creatinine) is strongly correlated with advancing age. Renal function, however, yields more pertinent information on ADR risk than does age. 3. In atopic and non-atopic patients, the ADR risk is identical. In both groups of patients the same number of drugs was given. If the pathogenetic mechanisms of the ADRs (allergic or pharmacologic in the broad sense) are considered, it is found that atopic patients show a ratio of about 2:1 pharmacologic to allergic reactions, compared to about 3:1 in non-atopic subjects. A reduction in the incidence of ADRs is best attained by even more restricted use of drugs and better and earlier adaptation of drug dosage to diminished renal function. PMID- 6515387 TI - [Malignant arterial hypertension, symptomatic and prognostic aspects. Retrospective study of 140 cases]. AB - 140 cases of malignant hypertension were diagnosed in our clinic from January 1966 to December 1982. On admission the mean blood pressure was 183 +/- 17 mm Hg, and all patients had grade III to IV retinopathy according to the Keith and Wagener classification; 84% of the patients had renal failure (10% of acute origin). 43% of the patients presented with clinical signs of left heart failure. Hypertension was associated with various renal diseases in 48%, was essential in 41%, and renovascular lesions were found in 9% of the cases. Headaches, asthenia and visual disorders were the 3 main symptoms of malignant hypertension, as classically described. Severe cerebral damage (including all the neurological manifestations present on admission) was found in 27% of the patients. Among the 122 patients available to follow-up, half died during the study period. The survival rate, calculated on a 5-year basis, has doubled compared with a similar patient population 17 years ago, increasing from 35% (period 1966 to 1970) to 72% (period 1977-1982). This remarkable achievement in survival rate is due to more intensive research and therapeutic progress (including, more recently, extrarenal epuration) reaching an increasingly large hypertensive population. PMID- 6515388 TI - [Brain metastases as primary manifestation of non-small cell bronchogenic carcinomas]. AB - While brain metastases from small cell lung cancer are a familiar problem, the incidence of brain metastases from non-small cell lung cancer, and their significance as the first tumor manifestation, has been underestimated. At the University Hospital, Basle, over one year, 7 (approximately 7%) of 102 patients with newly diagnosed non-small cell lung cancer had brain metastases as the first manifestation of systemic cancer. Three of the 7 patients were women with a mean age of 48 years. Initial symptoms were headaches, vertigo and vomiting, which prompted the diagnosis of brain metastases. In only 3 patients was the primary lung cancer diagnosed immediately after diagnosis of the brain metastases, while in the remaining 4 a period of up to 6 months elapsed. Bronchogenic cancer is the most frequent primary in patients presenting with brain metastases. Accordingly, in a patient with brain metastases from an unknown primary, bronchogenic cancer should be considered first and diagnostic tests aimed in that direction. This may obviate an extended and expensive diagnostic workup. PMID- 6515389 TI - [Urine testing with a test strip: criteria for the exclusion of normal specimens from the microscopic sediment study]. AB - A test tape for detection of urinary leukocytes was examined in respect of its applicability for identification of normal urine samples. 198 urine samples of ambulatory nephrological patients were tested and the results compared with the microscopic evaluation of the sediment. Sensitivity of the tape was 96.7%, specificity 86.3% and the false negative rate 0.5%. The combination of positive tape readings for leukocytes, blood and protein eliminates false results completely. In the present study, 35.4% of the urine samples were graded as normal and could be excluded from the time-consuming microscopic sediment examination. Samples with positive tape readings for leukocytes require microscopic verification. PMID- 6515390 TI - [Intestinal pseudo-obstruction in primary amyloidosis of the intestinal tract]. AB - In an 80-year-old patient who had recurrent attacks of subileus over three years, a complete large bowel ileus finally developed. At laparotomy, massive dilatation and extreme fragility of the large bowel was found. Subtotal colectomy was performed, within 24 h of which the patient died. The surgical specimen and autopsy revealed primary amyloidosis (A light chain type) confined nearly exclusively to the intestinal tract. Pseudoobstructive ileus in amyloidosis can be chiefly accounted for by the heavy amyloid infiltration of the tunica muscularis of the bowel wall. Amyloidosis of the arteries and nerve plexus may be contributory factors. PMID- 6515391 TI - [Selenium and vitamin E requirements of swine. Relation to mulberry heart disease. 1]. PMID- 6515392 TI - [Dermatosparaxis in a foal and a cow--a rare disease?]. PMID- 6515393 TI - [Acute urinary tract inflammation in sows]. PMID- 6515394 TI - [Advances in the regulation of gastrointestinal motility]. PMID- 6515395 TI - [Responses to vasodilator therapy in patients with congestive heart failure]. PMID- 6515396 TI - [Non-spiking neurons and spiking non-neural cells]. PMID- 6515397 TI - [Cytoprotection in the gastrointestinal tract]. PMID- 6515398 TI - [Biological effects of microwave radiation on cells and their role in treating cancer]. PMID- 6515399 TI - [The modulatory effect of somatic afferent impulses on cardiovascular function]. PMID- 6515400 TI - [The physiological basis of birth control]. PMID- 6515401 TI - [Preparation of DNA-fibrin]. PMID- 6515402 TI - [The urgent need for developing renal physiology research in China]. PMID- 6515403 TI - [Hippocampal slices]. PMID- 6515404 TI - [Primary dissociated fetal neuronal cell cultures of mammals and their application]. PMID- 6515405 TI - [Effect of microwaves on the blood-brain barrier]. PMID- 6515406 TI - [The significance of research on erythrocyte membranes]. PMID- 6515407 TI - [C-reactive protein and liposomes]. PMID- 6515408 TI - [Bioluminescent assay and its applications in biology and medicine]. PMID- 6515409 TI - [The gastric mucus-bicarbonate salt barrier]. PMID- 6515410 TI - [Modulation of carotid sinus baroreceptor activity by the cervical sympathetic nerves]. PMID- 6515411 TI - [Studies on primary afferent somatosensory and proprioceptive activities in the human]. PMID- 6515412 TI - [The theory of the internal milieu from seawater]. PMID- 6515413 TI - [Research on transepithelial transport]. PMID- 6515414 TI - Are organisms gene machines? PMID- 6515415 TI - Aspects of dispersion of pollutants into the atmosphere. PMID- 6515416 TI - [Transcranial Doppler sonography in neurosurgery]. AB - Using a 2 MHz transcranial Doppler sonographic system, it has become possible to measure flow velocities in the large basal vessels of the circle of Willis through thin areas of the cranial bone. After having used the method for one year on patients with neurovascular diseases, we now know that it can be employed as a matter of routine, after one has become familiar with it, and that it is of great diagnostic value. Knowing the measuring depth, achived by range gating, and with the aid of compression tests and standardised recording angles, it is possible to reliably identify the investigated vessel sections. In patients with subarachnoid haemorrhage it is possible to non-invasively detect and grade vasospasm and follow its individual course. Angiography and surgery can be reliably timed during a spasm-free interval. Preventive postoperative therapy following subarachnoid haemorrhage with hypervolaemia and hypertonia is simplified, as is the differential diagnosis as to whether secondary deteriorations are due to spasm or raised intracranial pressure. After extracranial/intracranial bypass operations, shunt patency and the effect of intracranial haemodynamics can be investigated without requiring angiography. Other fields of application concern the investigation of the evolution of haemodynamics after surgery on intracerebral arteriovenous malformations and for monitoring the cranial circulation in raised intracranial pressure. PMID- 6515417 TI - Molecular markers of hemostasis: introduction and overview. PMID- 6515418 TI - Performance characteristics of a simple radioimmunoassay for fibrinopeptide A. AB - FPA, although identified 15 years ago, is now becoming an increasingly important diagnostic tool in the evaluation of the hemostatic process. Since this peptide is generated in very small amounts, only very sensitive methods, such as RIA, are useful for its quantitation. Measurement of this peptide allows for a most precise and reliable monitor of any ongoing thrombotic event in which thrombin is generated. Commercial kits have become available for fast and simple clinical evaluations of FPA. The Mallinckrodt RIA Quanti FPA kit has proved its reliability in precision, accuracy, fast turnaround time, and applicability to a routine laboratory setting. This assay kit was evaluated in our laboratory in various aspects. The following points summarize our finding: FPA is a useful diagnostic parameter to evaluate the activation of coagulation pathways in various pathologic states. A study of 170 normal plasma samples resulted in 1.7 +/- 0.5 ng/ml. No significant difference between males and females was noted. FPA levels are evaluated in patients with hypercoagulable states, DIC, and related thrombotic states. Our studies have shown that FPA levels are also elevated in certain cancers, postsurgical states, and certain other conditions in which the coagulation process is activated. During therapeutic heparinization, FPA levels are reduced; thus this form of therapy can be monitored using FPA levels. High risk population (thrombotic) can be easily screened using FPA measurement. We propose that a multicenter study on FPA levels be conducted to prove its clinical relevance to other diseases.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6515419 TI - Development of fibrinopeptide A generation tests in the evaluation and the monitoring of the action of heparin and its low molecular weight fractions. PMID- 6515420 TI - Diagnostic efficacy of a simple radioimmunoassay test for fibrinogen/fibrin fragments containing the B beta 15-42 sequence. AB - A simple RIA method for B beta 15-42 RPs has been evaluated in our laboratory to investigate experimental and clinical fibrinolytic states. The assay utilizes bentonite precipitation to remove cross-reacting fibrinogen. Due to the heterogeneity in molecular weights of the B beta RPs, the results are expressed as nanograms per milliliter. The linear range of the assay is 2 to 40 ng/ml, with a capability of detecting up to 200 ng/ml. A special anticoagulant mixture (heparin or EDTA/aprotinin) is required for sample collection. Certain precautions in the care and handling of specimens are also necessary. Increased levels of B beta RPs were observed in the following conditions: malignancy (associated with increased release of tissue plasminogen activators), pancreatitis, liver diseases, pregnancy, and postexercise testing (associated with increased release of tissue plasminogen activators). Increased levels of B beta RPs were also found during thrombolytic therapy, anabolic steroid treatment, prothrombin complex concentrate therapy, blood component therapy, and low molecular weight heparin subcutaneous therapy (associated with an increase in tissue plasminogen activator release). Our studies suggest that B beta RPs are sensitive molecular markers of the endogenous activation of fibrinolytic system and may provide useful diagnostic information on a pathologic process that often remains undetectable by routine laboratory methods. PMID- 6515421 TI - Neonatal and maternal hemostasis: value of molecular markers in the assessment of hemostatic status. PMID- 6515422 TI - Cyanotic congenital heart disease in children: hemostatic disorders and relevance of molecular markers of hemostasis. PMID- 6515423 TI - Clinical implications of molecular markers in hemostasis and thrombosis. AB - The general availability to all clinical laboratories of assays of molecular markers of the hemostasis system now offers the clinician the opportunity to screen selected high-risk patients and potentially to offer therapy that will ward off a significant and often catastrophic event. In addition, these molecular markers permit a rapid differential diagnosis of many disorders that are often confusing and often difficult, if not impossible, to differentiate using the more traditional global screening tests of hemostasis. This short review has served only to point out the importance of these newly developed molecular markers of the hemostatic system and only selected disorders have been highlighted with respect to the ability of these molecular markers to aid in a prethrombohemorrhagic event and to aid in a specific differential diagnosis in certain selected thrombohemorrhagic disorders. It is anticipated that more experience with these molecular markers with more patient populations will most likely greatly expand their usefulness in a wide variety of thrombohemorrhagic disorders, thus leading to enhanced medical care for patients. PMID- 6515424 TI - Molecular markers of hemostatic activation: future perspectives. PMID- 6515425 TI - Marxist functionalism in medicine: a critique of the work of Vicente Navarro on health and medicine. AB - A detailed examination is made of the writings of Vicente Navarro dealing with health and medicine. Following a statement of criticisms these are examined in detail with reference to sources. The paper concludes with a review of Navarro's writing on Chile which is seen as an example of how a specific brand of deterministic functionalism can be reinforced by a particular political experience. PMID- 6515427 TI - Cultural differences in reactions to patient behaviour: a comparison of Swedish and Australian health professionals. AB - Scott hypothesised that there are national differences in the theories held by health professionals regarding rehabilitation. Thus they have different perceptions of and reactions to patient behaviours. This was tested by comparing the reactions of female physiotherapists, occupational therapists and nurses in Sweden (N = 51) and Australia (N = 83) to behaviours of patients belonging to six diagnostic groups. It was predicted that national differences would be influenced by Australians' endorsement of a more psycho-social model of health care and Swedes' stronger beliefs in personal responsibility for health. Questionnaires containing case histories of the six patients and transcripts of interviews in which they expressed either depression, optimism, dependence, independence, self blame or denial of blame for their illnesses were distributed to subjects. Case histories and interview transcripts were combined differently in six forms of the questionnaire. Subjects rated their impressions and evaluations of each patient on 14 Likert type scales and answered the question, "If the patient had said this to you how would you have reacted?" Subjects completed the Health Locus of Control Scale on which Swedes proved to have significantly stronger beliefs regarding personal responsibility for health. Highly significant differences were found in discriminant analyses of reactions to the six behaviours. Australians were more likely to perceive patients as dependent, depressed and poorly adjusted. They responded verbally to patients' feelings, recommended counselling and liked patients more. Swedes were more likely to react with specific treatments and technical aids. Swedes regarded patients who were dependent or who did not blame themselves as having poorer prognoses. Few differences occurred in ratings of the typicality of patients' behaviours or the degree of patients' acceptance or coping. The findings have particular relevance to multi-cultural nations. Bias may have occurred in the results because subjects represented only 40% of those sent the questionnaires. PMID- 6515426 TI - The popularity of injections in the Third World: origins and consequences for poliomyelitis. AB - Paralysis from poliomyelitis may follow injections yet injections are extremely popular in the Third World. Some injections are given by hospital doctors and nurses but the majority are given by traditional healers, pharmacists and paramedical workers who have acquired syringes. Many injections may be given to a sick child. I suggest that the early use of vaccines did not persuade people of the mystic of injections and that the mystic predated the use of penicillin. The earliest mystical result would have been the injection of quinine for malaria and antrypal for sleeping sickness. The words brilliant, spectacular and dramatic were first used to describe the mass campaigns against yaws and kala-azar in the 1920s and 1930s. A single injection healed the ugly lesions in a week: cause and effect were visible. In the 1950s penicillin was used in mass eradication campaigns. The countries where injections are so popular correspond roughly with the areas of mass eradication programmes. Many or perhaps most of the injections are not sterile and present a great risk of attendant paralysis. Proof that injections are causal may be impossible. Meanwhile we need to know why injections are so popular and how they can be less so. PMID- 6515428 TI - Training for certainty. AB - This paper offers a critique of the idea of 'uncertainty' in the sociology of medicine, particularly in the context of studies of medical education. The work of Renee Fox is used as the main example of the work against which this criticism is levelled. It is argued that the idea of 'training for uncertainty' has been over-emphasized in previous literature. The notion of 'training for certainty' is proposed as a corrective. Finally, however, it is argued that an adequate phenomenology of medical knowledge, education and practice must recognize 'certainty' and 'uncertainty' as two different 'attitudes', which may co-exist simultaneously, reflecting different practical and theoretical interests. PMID- 6515429 TI - The relationship between American women's preventive dental behavior and dental health beliefs. AB - The data collected from a national family dental survey on wives of white American families were used to examine the relationships between the wives' toothbrushing, flossing and preventive dental visits and their health beliefs. A statistically significant canonical correlation (rc = 0.436, P less than 0.001) demonstrated that American women's success or failure to engage in preventive dental behavior was related to their health beliefs. The dental visit, as opposed to toothbrushing and dental flossing, had the highest level of predictability with structure coefficient of 0.936. Perceptions of salience and barriers were more powerful predictors (structure coefficients 0.721 and -0.757, respectively). The correlation accounted for about one-fifth of the variance of preventive dental behavior. Further research is needed to extend these findings to both sexes and all races. PMID- 6515430 TI - Adolescents' health beliefs and acceptance of a novel preventive dental activity: a further note. AB - As part of two new school-based experiments, the dental health beliefs of adolescents were measured by questionnaires that emphasized personal and vicarious dental experiences. Premeasured beliefs showed zero order or negative relationships with adherence to at-home mouthrinsing in both a 1-year experiment and in the first year of a 2-year experiment; neither premeasured beliefs, nor new measures of beliefs obtained at the end of the first year, predicted adherence in the second year of the 2-year program. Behavior in the first year was inversely related to beliefs obtained at the end of that year. These new data, along with those collected as part of two earlier experiments which measured beliefs in a different manner, representing a total population of over 1500 subjects, cast doubt on the value of the Health Belief Model in either predicting or helping to explain behavior of adolescents in novel disease preventive programs. PMID- 6515432 TI - Belief systems and breast feeding among Filipino urban poor. AB - Mothers living in squatter areas of a Philippine city were interviewed each month for a year beginning from 3 months prior to 3 months after delivery. Special attention was paid to beliefs and practices that influenced the continuation of lactation. During pregnancy women severely restricted their gain in weight, thereby limiting fat reserves for later milk production. Rituals were observed after delivery to assure adequate milk of good quality. Once established, lactation might be interrupted if the mother felt that her temperature was different from the baby's. These differences in temperature might come from warm or cold food or drinks, being caught in the rain or working in the sun. Breast feeding was often terminated if the baby developed diarrhea or if mother or child became ill. A program designed to support and encourage breast feeding must take indigenous belief systems into account. Mothers want to nurse their babies and they want to have an adequate supply of what they consider good milk. Their belief systems, beginning with weight gain during pregnancy, and including the need for rituals after delivery may curtail and/or delay early lactation. Subsequently, they may terminate breast feeding if the baby or mother have certain folk-defined illnesses. Women hold these beliefs and at the same time accept many of the beliefs and practices of modern medicine. Family and neighborhood pressures may prompt them to curtail or eliminate breast feeding when indigenous beliefs are invoked even though these beliefs are contrary to currently accepted medical opinions. We do not have satisfactory education and persuasion programs to deal with traditional beliefs and practices that we believe to be harmful. PMID- 6515431 TI - Use of psychotropic drugs in Finland. AB - A nationwide interview study conducted in Finland in 1976 shows that 6% of the adults and 0.2% of the children were using prescribed psychotropic drugs. The proportion of users was 7% among women and 5% among men, a difference smaller than in most studies from other countries. Both women and men used most commonly antianxiety drugs, followed by hypnotics among women and antipsychotics among men. A multivariate analysis showed that the use of psychotropic drugs was significantly (P less than 0.001) related to both chronic illness and psychiatric symptomatology as well as to the number of physician visits, and--among women only--to age. At a slightly less significant level (P less than 0.01) the use was among women related to family income, region and the interaction of age and chronic morbidity, and among men to family income. PMID- 6515433 TI - Disease rate as an artifact of the health care system: tuberculosis in Puerto Rico. AB - It is demonstrated that the reported rates of tuberculosis in Puerto Rico comprise a direct, positive measurement of location, infrastructure and numbers of personnel in the health care system. The disease map does not reflect true geographic prevalence, but it is a measurable artifact of the health care system. Areas of high and low reporting and zones of minimum patient contact, are identified in the interests of program management. PMID- 6515434 TI - [Treatment of hemorrhoids in parturients]. PMID- 6515435 TI - [Significance of the leukocyte reaction in the complex treatment of cancer patients]. PMID- 6515436 TI - [Hyperglycemic coma after corticosteroid therapy]. PMID- 6515437 TI - [Acute appendicitis in complete situs inversus of the internal organs]. PMID- 6515438 TI - [Rare anomaly of the bile ducts]. PMID- 6515439 TI - [Mills' syndrome]. PMID- 6515440 TI - [The pituitary-adrenal system in peptic ulcer and chronic gastritis]. PMID- 6515441 TI - [Syncopal states in mild cranio-cerebral injuries]. PMID- 6515442 TI - [Subcutaneous varicose veins in relation to the localization of placenta]. PMID- 6515443 TI - [Uric acid crisis]. PMID- 6515444 TI - [Lipid metabolism in nonspecific lung diseases]. PMID- 6515445 TI - [Acute renal failure in hyperuricemia and nephrolithiasis]. PMID- 6515446 TI - [Treatment of acetabular fractures complicated by central hip dislocation]. PMID- 6515447 TI - [Computerized tomography in hepatic alveococcosis]. PMID- 6515448 TI - [Hematologic complications of drug therapy]. PMID- 6515449 TI - [Automated data collection and retrieval systems in mass preventive oncological examinations]. PMID- 6515451 TI - [Organizational and methodological problems of the protection of medical inventions]. PMID- 6515450 TI - [Medical deontology]. PMID- 6515452 TI - [Characteristics of the course of cerebral stroke in ischemic heart disease]. PMID- 6515453 TI - [Pulmonary blood flow in chronic nonspecific lung diseases]. PMID- 6515454 TI - [Balneotherapy in hypertension]. PMID- 6515455 TI - [Connective tissue metabolism in chronic nonspecific lung diseases]. PMID- 6515457 TI - [Vegetative-vascular and trophic disorders in trigeminal neuralgia and their treatment]. PMID- 6515456 TI - [Blood gastrin levels during treatment of duodenal ulcer]. PMID- 6515458 TI - [Intracarotid infusion of antibacterial drugs in suppurative meningoencephalitis]. PMID- 6515459 TI - [Conglutination reaction in the diagnosis of food poisoning]. PMID- 6515460 TI - [Treatment of uncomplicated compression fractures of the spine]. PMID- 6515461 TI - [Psychophysiological reactions to seduxen in patients with chronic alcoholism]. PMID- 6515462 TI - [Current methods of active detection of cervical cancer]. PMID- 6515463 TI - [Analysis of the General Health Law]. PMID- 6515464 TI - [Critique of the validity of methods for detection and confirmation of pulmonary tuberculosis as a problem of public health]. PMID- 6515466 TI - [Geohelminthiasis in Mexico and prospects for its control]. PMID- 6515465 TI - [Report on damage to health induced by drugs and their use. Study of a group of medical students and pre-graduate medical interns]. PMID- 6515468 TI - [First finding of Trichinella spiralis in the diaphragm of a cadaver in Zacatecas. Preliminary note]. PMID- 6515467 TI - [Japanese program for the control of geohelminthiasis]. PMID- 6515469 TI - [Incidence of positive tuberculosis reactions in dogs]. PMID- 6515470 TI - [Planning in the Secretariat of Health and Assistance]. PMID- 6515471 TI - [Coordination agreement establishing the bases for the elaboration and execution of the program of decentralization of health services in the state of Guanajuato]. PMID- 6515472 TI - [Coordination agreement establishing the bases for the elaboration and execution of the program of decentralization of health services in the state of Tlaxcala]. PMID- 6515473 TI - [Obesity as a risk factor in the Belgrade population and methods of its prevention]. PMID- 6515474 TI - [Use of models in the epidemiology of traffic injuries]. PMID- 6515475 TI - [The inferior posterior cerebellar artery]. PMID- 6515476 TI - [Circulating immunocomplexes in the blood of children with vesico-ureteral reflux]. PMID- 6515477 TI - [The effect of starvation and nutritional lipemia on the level of cholesterol esters in the blood of dogs and on certain lipoprotein fractions]. PMID- 6515478 TI - [Correlation of noninvasive parameters of myocardial function in patients with postinfarction cardiomyopathy]. PMID- 6515479 TI - [Morphology and function of the neglected ligament of the foot]. PMID- 6515480 TI - [Cholecysta duplex as a rare congenital anomaly of the biliary tract]. PMID- 6515481 TI - [Tumors of lymphoid tissue as experimental models for the study of lymphocyte function]. PMID- 6515482 TI - [Critical review of the most common errors in the literature of clinical genetics. III]. PMID- 6515483 TI - [Epidemiologic characteristics of road traffic injuries from the aspect of demographic analysis]. PMID- 6515484 TI - [Obstructive bronchitis of a non-allergic nature]. PMID- 6515485 TI - [Copper in the blood of patients with myocardial infarcts]. PMID- 6515486 TI - [Hemangiopericytoma of the thorax]. PMID- 6515487 TI - [Cervical pregnancy]. PMID- 6515488 TI - [A case of simultaneous tuberculosis of the skin, lungs and intestines ]. PMID- 6515489 TI - [Psychophysiologic basis of psychopharmacologic effects in the treatment of psychosomatic diseases]. PMID- 6515490 TI - [Radiological diagnosis of gynecologic tumors with special reference to computed tomography]. PMID- 6515491 TI - [Radiological diagnosis of acute dissecting aneurysm of the thoracic aorta]. PMID- 6515492 TI - [Postoperative pneumoperitoneum in infancy and early childhood. Animal experimental studies on resorption time]. PMID- 6515493 TI - [Radiological findings in complications of cerebrospinal fluid shunts in infantile hydrocephalus]. PMID- 6515494 TI - [Radiotherapy of central non-small-cell bronchial carcinoma]. PMID- 6515495 TI - [Associated injuries of the head and brain in relation to the possibility of immediate and early treatment of fractures of the long bones of the extremities]. PMID- 6515496 TI - [Severe injuries of the liver]. PMID- 6515497 TI - [Peroperative iatrogenic vascular injuries]. PMID- 6515498 TI - [Injury of the colorectal junction by a foreign body]. PMID- 6515499 TI - [Personal experience in the treatment of pertrochanteric fractures of the femoral bone using the Weidner-Ender method]. PMID- 6515500 TI - [Repositioning of inveterate fractures of the foreleg using external fixation devices]. PMID- 6515501 TI - [Emergency care of fractures of the lower extremities in multiple injuries]. PMID- 6515502 TI - [Multiple injuries in a new sports activity--flying with delta planes (Rogallos)]. PMID- 6515503 TI - [Experience in the use of tissue adhesives in traumatology]. PMID- 6515504 TI - [Influence of rheumatoid factors on the anti-complement activity of solubilized immune complex]. PMID- 6515505 TI - Analysis of neonatal and infant mortality data for the white population of the Witwatersrand. AB - Statistics of population size, number of births, and neonatal and infant mortality for the White populations of 10 Witwatersrand municipalities were studied. Sources of data were: (i) national statistics from the Central Statistical Services; and (ii) annual reports from the local authorities. The two sources correlated well for population size and number of births (r = 0,99), less so for infant deaths (r = 0,71), and not at all for neonatal deaths (r = 0,43). Causes of infant mortality were also studied, using national and local reports. Comparison of hospital records with those of the local Department of Health revealed significant coding errors in the recording of causes of death. The mechanisms for reporting births and deaths are discussed and suggestions for improvements in the system are made. PMID- 6515506 TI - Mortality trends in the populations of the RSA from causes commonly observed in developing communities, 1968-1977. AB - Over the 10-year period 1968-1977 the mortality rate (MR) for all causes of death of Coloureds aged 5-64 years was unchanged and the mean MR was twice as high as the MR of Whites. The MR of Asians was midway between the MRs of Coloureds and Whites. Only among Whites did the MR for all causes of death decrease significantly over the 10-year period. MRs for infectious diseases in all three populations were unchanged over the 10-year period, the MR of Coloureds being 14 times as high as that of Whites. Within this International Classification of Diseases group only the MR for tuberculosis in Coloureds shows a significant decrease, but on the other hand the mean MR for tuberculosis in Coloureds was 37 times as high as the MR of Whites, and the mean MR of Asians was 8 times as high as that of Whites. There were significant decreases in MRs for rheumatic heart disease in all three populations, the decrease in MRs over the 10-year period among Asians and Coloureds being twice as fast as that among Whites. However, the mean MR of Coloureds was 3 times as high as the MR of Whites.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6515507 TI - Holter monitoring at Tygerberg Hospital, 1979-1983--an appraisal. AB - Over a period of 4 years Holter monitoring was performed on 607 patients in the Division of Cardiology at Tygerberg Hospital. Indications for monitoring were broadly grouped into four categories: (i) evaluation of symptoms suggestive of disorders of cardiac rhythm (210 patients); (ii) evaluation of arrhythmias associated with a specific underlying cardiac condition (139 patients); (iii) evaluation of a previously documented or suspected arrhythmia (233 patients); and (iv) miscellaneous reasons (25 patients). Findings are presented and aspects of Holter monitoring are discussed. Finally, some recommendations for improving the clinical value of our Holter analyses are made. PMID- 6515510 TI - [The present and future of hemotherapy]. PMID- 6515509 TI - [Leiomyoma and leiomyosarcoma of the vulva]. AB - Patients with leiomyoma and leiomyosarcoma of the vulva are described. The clinical features of these conditions are summarized and the diagnostic criteria for differentiating leiomyomas from leiomyosarcomas are mentioned. The treatment and follow-up of patients with vulval leiomyosarcomas is discussed briefly. PMID- 6515508 TI - Chemoprophylaxis with erythromycin stearate or amoxycillin in patients with chronic bronchitis--effects on cellular and humoral immune functions. AB - Twenty-six patients aged between 27 and 71 years with chronic bronchitis were divided into a control group of 6 and two groups of 10 patients each who received either erythromycin stearate or amoxycillin 1500 mg/d for 2 weeks and 1000 mg/d for 12 weeks thereafter. Immunological function tests were performed before starting chemotherapy and thereafter at 2 weeks and 14 weeks. Clinical evaluations and lung function tests showed no significant changes in any of the groups during the study period. In the control group no changes in cellular and humoral immune functions were noted. In the group receiving amoxycillin decreased responses of lymphocytes to the mitogen phytohaemagglutinin were observed after 14 days. In the erythromycin-treated group, increased polymorphonuclear leucocyte (PMNL) motility and mitogen-induced transformation were observed at 14 days but these increases were not statistically significant. In this group the markedly depressed PMNL migration found in 3 individuals before treatment improved considerably. These results indicate that chemotherapy and chemoprophylaxis with either amoxycillin or erythromycin stearate do not compromise the host immunodefences. PMID- 6515511 TI - [Leuko-platelet serology and its applications]. PMID- 6515512 TI - [Thrombolytic treatment of deep venous thrombosis]. PMID- 6515513 TI - [Platelet function tests with clinical significance]. PMID- 6515514 TI - [Congenital thrombopathies]. PMID- 6515515 TI - Deficit Reduction Act of 1984: provisions related to the OASDI and SSI programs. AB - This article summarizes the provisions of the Deficit Reduction Act of 1984 (Public Law 98-369) that relate to the Old-Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance (OASDI) and Supplemental Security Income (SSI) programs. With regard to the OASDI program, the new law includes provisions relating to Social Security coverage of employees of the executive and legislative branches of the Government, and a provision allowing churches and church-related organizations to be exempt from Social Security employer taxes. Other OASDI provisions clarify or modify the Social Security Amendments of 1983 (Public Law 98-21). SSI program changes include provisions to increase the countable assets limit, to limit the rate of recovery for overpayments in nonfraud situations, and to waive certain overpayments that result from countable resources exceeding the applicable limits by +50 or less. The new law also contains amendments based on recommendations by the Grace Commission that will affect the administration of various programs of the Department of Health and Human Services. PMID- 6515516 TI - Goldfarb and Mathews: legal challenges to the dependency test for spouse's benefits. AB - Changes in the eligibility criteria for a survivor's benefit under the Social Security program resulted from a 1977 Supreme Court decision in the case of Califano v. Goldfarb. The Court ruled that legislation that required only men to prove past financial dependence on a deceased spouse in order to establish eligibility to a survivor's benefit violated equal protection guarantees in the Constitution. In a 5-4 decision, the majority of the Supreme Court Justices determined the constitutionality of the gender-based distinction by applying the heightened scrutiny test. For a statutory gender-based classification to be found constitutional under the test, the government must show that (1) use of a gender based classification serves an important governmental purpose and (2) a direct and substantial relationship exists between the gender-based classification and the purported objective. The majority of the Court found the sex-based distinction was based on sexist assumptions about women, was not formulated to serve an important governmental objective, and, thus, was unconstitutional. Amid projections that elimination of the dependency test for men would increase annual Social Security benefit expenditures by as much as +500 million, Congress enacted a government pension offset provision to help minimize the cost increase. It required that any spouse or survivor who received or was eligible to receive a pension for his or her own work in noncovered public employment would have his or her Social Security surviving spouse's or dependent's benefit reduced dollar-for dollar by the amount of the work-related pension. An exception clause was included in that legislation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6515517 TI - Deficit Reduction Act of 1984: provisions related to the AFDC program. AB - This article summarizes the provisions of the Deficit Reduction Act of 1984 that relate to the Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC) program. Among other changes, the new legislation identifies certain individuals living in the same household with the dependent child who must file for assistance and have their income and resources considered in determining the child's eligibility for an AFDC payment. The new law requires that the States disregard, in determining AFDC eligibility and payment amounts, the first +50 per month of the current monthly support obligation of any child support collected on the family's behalf or received directly by the family. It also extends the +30 earned income disregard for an additional 8 months and exempts from countable resources burial plots, funeral agreements, and (for a limited period) real property that the family is making a good faith effort to sell. The legislation also broadens the types of work programs that the States may require AFDC recipients to participate in by allowing States to use AFDC payments to subsidize certain public and private sector employment. The new law also includes a provision based on a Grace Commission recommendation that requires the States to establish an income and eligibility verification system for certain Federal and federally assisted programs. PMID- 6515518 TI - Evaluation of social work practice in health care settings. AB - The purpose of this article is to encourage social workers in health care settings to evaluate the effectiveness of their practice. Recent studies of intervention outcome in health care settings are reviewed on four dimensions. Because most of these utilize large group designs and social workers in direct practice rarely conduct this type of research, single-system designs are proposed as a complementary and feasible approach to evaluation. Issues in the use of single-system designs within health care settings and a case example will be discussed. PMID- 6515519 TI - Pregnancy termination for genetic indications: the impact on families. AB - Results are presented from a study of the experiences of families in which mothers terminated a pregnancy following detection of a serious defect in the fetus. Responses indicate that even very young children and those sheltered from knowledge of the event showed reactions to their parents' distress and maternal absence. Younger children may experience particular difficulties in coping with complete information about such a complex decision. Recommendations are made for social work service before, during, and after hospitalization for the pregnancy termination. PMID- 6515520 TI - Collective responsibility in interdisciplinary collaboration: an ethical perspective for social workers. AB - This paper analyzes the meaning of collective responsibility in interdisciplinary collaboration in health care from a social work perspective. Three questions about collective decision making are considered: (1) How ought moral agency and responsibility be allocated in collective decision making? (2) How does each member of a collective decision making group exert his/her own moral agency and what is the extent of the responsibility to do so when one disagrees with the group's decision? (3) In the face of conflicting obligations, to whom is moral responsibility primarily due? Preliminary guidelines for enhancing collective responsibility in teams are suggested. PMID- 6515521 TI - Ethical styles and ethical decisions in health settings. AB - Three basic ethical orientations in clients are described, the legalistic, the antinomian, and the normative. It is proposed that social workers relate to these orientations by developing a normative orientation of their own. Such a normative orientation is described and presented as rooted in the value system of the profession. As professional values and ethical perspectives are integrated, a style of making ethical decisions develops. Interaction of clients and social workers around ethical issues are particularly likely to occur in health settings and illustrations from these settings are presented. The ethical implications of counselor-neutrality, confidentiality, self-determination, and paternalism are discussed. PMID- 6515522 TI - Health care and social work services: present concerns and future directions. AB - This article reviews eight major social-health care issues of the eighties: controlling costs; access to care; changing organizational patterns; solo versus interprofessional care; regulations and accountability; social reform/special interest movements; ethics and values; and changing urban populations. The author formulates how changes in our medical care systems will affect the practice of social work in health care settings. PMID- 6515523 TI - Undergraduate social work programs as health resources in rural areas: needs assessment as an example. AB - Undergraduate social work programs in rural areas can meet their students' learning needs and function as integral parts of the community health system, at the same time. Based on open systems and exchange theories, the author advocates enhanced resource sharing between undergraduate programs and community social and health agencies. Within the context of the need for increased experiential learning opportunities for students and for planning activities appropriate for student participation, a successful deinstitutionalization needs assessment project is described. As a generic model, the project has applicability to other health problem areas and settings. PMID- 6515524 TI - "Burnout": definitions and health care management. AB - This paper examines the existing definitions and perceptions of the concept of "burnout" in the health professions. The authors suggest that the understanding of "burnout" is hindered by the lack of a single operational definition and a clear set of criteria. An example of social workers in a community mental health setting serves as an illustration. PMID- 6515525 TI - Symposium on breast cancer. PMID- 6515526 TI - Modified radical mastectomy. AB - Surgical management in the treatment of potentially curable breast cancer has changed from a radical to a more conservative approach. The most common procedure used at the present time is the modified mastectomy, which is discussed in detail in this article. PMID- 6515527 TI - Partial mastectomy without radiation therapy. AB - Partial mastectomy without radiation therapy has been used at The Cleveland Clinic as a treatment option for selected patients with breast cancer since 1957. Our experience with 322 patients has been reviewed; survival results are equal to or better than the other operative procedures we have employed for the treatment of breast cancer. These results, we believe, relate more to the selection of patients with small tumors and at a more favorable stage of the disease than to the benefit of the operative procedure itself. PMID- 6515528 TI - "Local" treatment of early breast cancer. AB - T1N0 and T2N0 breast cancer should be treated initially by local excision only. Subsequent review of the patient's clinical, investigative, and histologic presentation must then guide future treatment decisions. If further treatment is deemed necessary, then consideration should be given to wider excision, total mastectomy, or local irradiation, in that order. Subsequent development of axillary lymphadenopathy signals disseminated disease and requires systemic, not local, therapy initially. PMID- 6515529 TI - Breast cancer as viewed by the family physician. AB - Surgical bias has all but overlooked other modes of primary therapy for breast cancer in the United States. Excision and primary radiation give mortality and morbidity data similar to those for mastectomy. Women with early breast cancer should be offered a full choice of options. The author believes that if women were aware that they could retain their breasts, breast self-examination and mammography would be perceived as especially rewarding. This might make a significant contribution to early diagnosis and therefore to the mortality rate from breast cancer. PMID- 6515530 TI - Pyogenic granulomas of the cornea. AB - Pyogenic granulomas are vasoproliferative, inflammatory lesions composed of granulation tissue, which occur on cutaneous or mucosal tissues, often arising secondary to other processes such as trauma or infection. Conjunctival pyogenic granulomas are not rare, but corneal involvement is very unusual and can occasionally lead to problems in the differential diagnosis of corneal masses. We report three cases of pyogenic granuloma involving the cornea. The clinicopathologic features of these cases and a review of the literature on the ocular manifestations of this condition are presented. PMID- 6515532 TI - A Ridley Lens successfully implanted since 1953. PMID- 6515531 TI - Visual loss "at stool". AB - A 25-year-old white man presented with a history of loss of consciousness and visual loss associated with a Valsalva maneuver. Examination revealed a visual acuity of "no light perception" in his right eye with a flat visual evoked potential. The patient was subsequently found to have a giant aneurysm of the anterior communicating artery which was treated by direct clipping via a transfrontal craniotomy. The patient slowly recovered good visual function in his right eye. PMID- 6515533 TI - Screening for homocystinuria. PMID- 6515534 TI - [Characteristics and possibilities of detecting tuberculosis patients among carriers of residual changes in the lungs]. AB - The author provides the results of examining 1953 tuberculosis patients identified among the carriers of residual lesions in the lungs. The use of conventional research methods permitted one to obtain a large body of information and to specify the reasons for late diagnosis of the recurrent disease. The measures aimed at early identification of tuberculosis under outpatient conditions are suggested. PMID- 6515535 TI - [Deontological problems in the work of the infectious disease specialist]. AB - The author reviews the most important ethic and psychological aspects of hospitalization, examination and treatment of infectious patients in the light of the current requirements of deontology. PMID- 6515536 TI - [Dynamics of lipid metabolism in the combined treatment of alimentary obesity]. AB - A total of 128 patients with alimentary obesity were examined in the course of the treatment. There was a significant elevation in blood serum of total and free cholesterol, its esters, free fatty acids, beta-lipoproteins, and a decrease in the activity of serum lipase. The correlation of cholesterol esters to phospholipids was found to be disordered. Eighty patients demonstrated, after treatment with chloride sodium bromoiodine baths combined with hypocaloric diet and exercise therapy, a favourable clinical time course and normalization of the majority of lipid metabolism indicators, with an increase in serum lipase activity. Twenty-five patients, who received fresh baths under similar conditions, demonstrated less pronounced shifts in lipid metabolism, which were not always significant. The treatment complex including phepranon also gave rise to the normalization of the majority of lipid metabolism indicators. However, one third of cases developed serious side effects. PMID- 6515537 TI - [Copper and manganese metabolism during the administration of therapeutic doses of iron]. AB - Examination of normal men and women with the aid of emission spectral analysis has shown that high muscular training led to the intensification of the retention of iron additionally administered to the body. This indicates concealed deficiency of this element in the body. Administration of therapeutic doses of iron essentially raised copper and manganese excretion from the body. As the iron dose was raised, copper and manganese elimination via the gastrointestinal tract progressed. PMID- 6515538 TI - [Effect of indomethacin on the daily catecholamine excretion and on the rheographic and capillaroscopic indices of salmonellosis patients]. AB - A total of 127 patients with salmonellosis were studied for the effect of the disease severity on the central and peripheral hemodynamics, and catecholamine excretion. Introduction of indomethacin into a complex of treatment measures resulted in a more rapid recovery of the parameters of the central and peripheral hemodynamics and made catecholamine excretion return to normal. PMID- 6515539 TI - [Use of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) for treating flexion contractures in rheumatoid arthritis patients]. PMID- 6515540 TI - [Erroneous prescription of rumalon to rheumatoid arthritis patients]. AB - The author describes 2 cases of erroneous prescription of rumalon to patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), as a result of which in one of the patients oligoarthritis arthritis while in the other one the typical seropositive slow progressing rheumatoid arthritis transformed to RA with systemic manifestations. PMID- 6515541 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of rheumatic polymyalgia at an urban polyclinic]. PMID- 6515542 TI - [Evaluation of current preparations and local application in treating peptic ulcer exacerbation]. AB - The effects of modern antiulcerous drugs and local action on the gastric mucosa by endoscopy were studied and compared. The endocrine characteristics of the blood serum were analysed in patients with duodenal ulcer after acute and prolonged use of antiulcerous drugs. The treatment with high doses of phosphalugel and cimetidine was shown to compare very favourably with conventional therapy. Duogastron was found to have a low antiulcerous activity. Cimetidine, duogastron and reglan exerted a marked effect on the endocrine system, which should be taken into consideration on prolonged drug use. Local action on the gastric mucosa by means of endoscopy appeared to be effective in patients resistant to drug therapy. PMID- 6515543 TI - [Current views on the combined use of drug preparations in therapeutic practice]. PMID- 6515544 TI - [Microcirculation and central hemodynamics of hypertension patients during long term hypotensive therapy]. AB - Microcirculation and central hemodynamics were studied in 62 patients with essential hypertension and in subjects with borderline arterial hypertension during long-term (up to 5 years) hypotensive therapy. Systematic therapy was found to be efficacious in the aspect of the improvement of the resistive component of microcirculation and blood pressure drop. Occasional treatment did not lead to significant beneficial shifts in micro- and macrocirculation. PMID- 6515545 TI - [Hypotensive effect of nephrectomy in malignant renal hypertension and the function of the remaining kidney at late follow-up]. AB - The long-term results of nephrectomy were evaluated in 27 patients with malignant renal hypertension. The hypotensive effect of nephrectomy, function of the remaining kidney, central hemodynamics, and peripheral blood renin were investigated. It was found that hypertension remitted in subjects with an unaffected remaining kidney which completely compensated for the function of the removed kidney and maintained blood pressure within normal. Nephrectomy performed during malignant arterial hypertension that developed because of unilateral pyelonephritis and unilateral stenosing of the renal artery with a sufficient total renal function before surgery led to a prolonged remission of arterial hypertension and reverse development of the symptoms of its malignancy. Hypertension did not remit during chronic pyelonephritis of a single kidney. Renal function was substantially decreased as compared with the control group. PMID- 6515546 TI - [Problems in selecting the optimal propranolol dose in treating patients with angina pectoris of effort and the comparative effectiveness of inderal, anaprilin and obzidan]. AB - Exercise tests were applied in 59 patients with coronary heart disease and angina pectoris of effort to screen the effective antianginal doses of inderal, anapriline and obsidan. The mean effective single dose of inderal was established to constitute 80 mg (from 40 to 200 mg). In the course of screening the effective antianginal doses of beta-adrenoblockers, it was demonstrated that one should not be guided by the negative chronotropic effect of the drugs, since it was of low informative value. As regards the intensity and duration of the antianginal effects, they were alike both after propranolol treatment given in a single dose and in courses. During individual screening of the effective antianginal doses of the drugs under comparison, no differences were found in the effects of inderal, anapriline and obsidan on the exercise tolerance, although some of the patients responded to higher doses of anapriline as compared to inderal. The drugs were established to exert a comparatively short-term antianginal action. In view of this fact it is desirable to administer the drugs four times a day in the majority of cases. PMID- 6515547 TI - [Tolerance for the antianginal effect of nitrates. Approaches to its study]. AB - Fifteen patients with coronary heart disease and stable angina pectoris of effort were examined for tolerance to the antianginal effect of isosorbide dinitrate (ID) taken permanently. After 6 weeks of treatment with ID in doses selected on an individual basis the antianginal effect evaluated by bicycle ergometry before and after ID intake remained stable. Sixty per cent of the patients showed a decrease in the drug effect, while in 40 per cent of the patients that decrease was moderate (partial ID tolerance) and in 20 per cent considerable (marked ID tolerance). After the drug dose was twice as raised the patients also remained drug tolerant. PMID- 6515548 TI - [Effect of obzidan on the indices of gas exchange and the sympathetic-adrenal system in ischemic heart disease patients with different types of circulation]. AB - The relationship between the effect of propranolol treatment on oxygen consumption during exercise and the activity of the sympathoadrenal system (SAS) and the initial hemodynamic circulatory type was established in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD). In patients with the hyper- and eukinetic circulatory types, propranolol caused an increase in the maximal oxygen consumption (MOC), pointing to the improvement of the functional possibilities of the cardiovascular system during exercise, with this improvement being more marked in patients with the hyperkinetic type. This effect of propranolol in the latter group patients was coupled with a reduction in the transmitter activity of the SAS. In patients with the hypokinetic circulatory type, propranolol did not produce any substantial change in the MOC, modifying the conditions of exercise performance toward anaerobic process without exerting any effect on the SAS. PMID- 6515549 TI - [Use of verapamil in acute myocardial infarct]. PMID- 6515550 TI - [Changes in the indices of external respiration and central hemodynamics during the use of nitrates in the therapy of chronic heart failure]. PMID- 6515551 TI - [Treatment of chronic pancreatitis patients]. PMID- 6515552 TI - [Pharmacological correction of immunologic components in the combined treatment of chronic obstructive bronchitis]. AB - The authors provide comparative data derived during study of the time-course of changes in IgM, IgG and IgA and cellular eosinophilic and basophilic allergic reactions during application of pentoxyl and becotide alone and combined in multiple modality treatment of 161 patients with chronic obstructive bronchitis. Application of pentoxyl was accompanied mainly by quantitative increment of immunoglobulins, particularly IgA and IgG, and moderately pronounced desensitization effect that manifested by attenuation of the eosinophilic reaction and spontaneous degranulation of basophils. Application of becotide in multiple modality treatment led primarily to attenuation of the cellular allergic reactions under study and less marked increment of immunoglobulins. The combined use of the drugs for bronchitis exacerbation produced maximally pronounced desensitization (according to the eosinophilic reaction and basophil degranulation data) as compared to the effect of these drugs used alone on the patients' allergic status. It is recommended that patients with chronic bronchitis exacerbation should receive pentoxyl (during immunoglobulin deficiency and proneness to allergy), becotide inhalations to obtain primarily desensitization effect, and combined pentoxyl and becotide (in patients with high risk of sensitization). PMID- 6515553 TI - [Blood amino acid composition of bronchial asthma patients undergoing therapy with immunodepressants and cytostatics]. AB - It has been revealed that bronchial asthma (BA) running a moderate and severe course is characterized in the phase of exacerbation by marked hypodysaminoacidemia. The cytostatics 6-mercaptopurine and azathioprin in doses of 1.5-2 mg/day per kg bw (the total treatment dose 2000-4000 mg) aggravate the initial hypodysaminoacidemia in this patient population, resulting in the lowering of the treatment efficacy and body responsiveness. During cytostatic treatment of BA patients, it is necessary to include the drugs having anabolic and immunomodulating properties into multiple modality treatment. The short-term results of cytostatic therapy were fairly good in 10%, good in 25%, satisfactory in 50%, and unsatisfactory in 15% of patients. The long-term results (14-38 months) were worse: there were no fairly good results, good results were attained in 10%, satisfactory in 20%, and unsatisfactory in 70% of patients. No hematological complications were recorded. Azathioprin was tolerated better than 6-mercaptopurine. PMID- 6515554 TI - [Sanitation bronchoscopy in the treatment of nonspecific lung diseases]. AB - The authors provide the results of application of sanitation bronchoscopy in patients with nonspecific lung diseases. Differential (depending on the disease etiology, endobronchitis pattern, immunity) application of antibacterial drugs, bacteriophages, immunity and regeneration stimulants substantially improves the disease course and prognosis. As compared to the control group, the main group patients manifested a more rapid positive dynamics of the immunological parameters. PMID- 6515556 TI - [Significance of progesterone in the pathogenesis and treatment of pulmonary hypertension and cardiopulmonary failure]. AB - Study of blood progesterone and diurnal urine pregnanediol revealed that progesterone level substantially increased in the initial stage of cor pulmonale formation (in respiratory failure without heart decompensation). Meanwhile as heart insufficiency and pulmonary hypertension in patients with chronic nonspecific lung diseases augmented, blood progesterone and excretion of pregnanediol dramatically fell. Application of progesterone (2.5% solution, 2 ml i.m. once a day over a week) favoured an increase in pulmonary ventilation, improvement of myocardial contractility, and pressure drop in the pulmonary artery. PMID- 6515555 TI - [Immunological indices and the acid phosphatase activity of the blood serum in patients with suppurative and destructive complications of acute pneumonia during the treatment/process]. AB - The content of T and B lymphocytes, IgA, IgM and IgG as well as blood serum acid phosphatase (AP) activity were examined in 55 patients with purulent destructive complications of acute pneumonia. The patients were distributed into 2 groups depending on the disease gravity. The patients with a grave disease showed the depression of T and B immunity systems, marked deficiency of serum IgA, IgM and IgG. The percentage and absolute number of O cells was increased according to the disease gravity. In second group patients with a less graver disease, the reduction in the analogous immunity indicators was statistically insignificant. The disease ran the gravest course (with the development of pulmonary and extrapulmonary complications) in subjects with chronic alcoholism. The level of AP was the highest in disseminated destructive process and in diseases complicated by pleural empyema. During the convalescence, the AP activity descended, however it remained higher than normal in the presence of residual dry destructive cavities. PMID- 6515557 TI - [Treatment results in various morphological patterns of glomerulonephritis]. AB - The treatment of 257 patients with mesangioproliferative and 87 patients with membranous proliferative glomerulonephritis followed up for a long time revealed that the treatment results depended on the disease activity. The immediate effect obtained in the treatment of patients with different morphological alterations but similar clinical manifestations and course of glomerulonephritis appeared to be alike. At the same time the overall therapeutic results attained in the patients with membranous proliferative glomerulonephritis were considerably worse because of the higher rate of relapses refractory to the treatment. PMID- 6515558 TI - Epigastrius with omphalocele--report of a case. AB - An epigastrius (parasitic twinning in the epigastrium) was delivered via the vaginal route spontaneously and died 37 days later. The autosite had cardiac hypertrophy with VSD, PDA, and PFO and an omphalocele. The liver was partly conjoined. There was a small swelling at the lower part of the autosite's bifurcated sternum to which the parasitic left pelvis and lower extremity were attached. On the second day after birth, parasitectomy was performed. The amputated specimens consisted of a small left pelvic girdle with a free extremity, a scrotal mass, nipplelike structures and two small protuberances externally. The liver, intestines, two testes, one kidney, one ureter, and the bladder were contained within the omphalocele. Although all of the organs and external structures of the parasite had abnormal histopathological findings, differentiated muscle fibers and submucous and/or myenteric plexus were observed. PMID- 6515559 TI - Muscle abnormalities associated with the twin reversed-arterial-perfusion (TRAP) sequence (acardia). AB - Even though over 400 acardia (twin reversed-arterial-perfusion, TRAP) specimens have been reported in the literature since 1533, few attempts have been made to provide detailed evaluation of anything other than the circulation. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the various limb defects in nine TRAP specimens in light of the presumed etiology and pathogenesis, reversed arterial perfusion, and subsequent degenerative changes in the fetus. Two hypotheses were tested: (1) degeneration of formed tissues should not result in tissue rearrangement and (2) one tissue type should be lost in preference to the others. Neither of these hypotheses were supported by the data. Alternative explanations are discussed as well as the implications of these observations on the concept of reversed arterial perfusion. PMID- 6515560 TI - Diflunisal-induced maternal anemia as a cause of teratogenicity in rabbits. AB - Diflunisal [5-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-salicylic acid] is a new analgesic antiinflammatory drug that, when administered orally to rabbits at 40 and 60 mg/kg/day, caused terata, most commonly axial skeletal defects. These same dosage levels also caused a severe maternal hemolytic anemia following a dramatic decrease in erythrocyte ATP levels. The teratogenicity, anemia, and depletion of ATP were unique to the rabbit among species examined. To test the possible causality between the teratogenic effects and anemia induced by diflunisal, a single dose of 180 mg/kg diflunisal was administered to rabbits on gestation day 5. This treatment produced an anemia that persisted through gestation day 15 in addition to causing the characteristic axial skeletal defects. Since diflunisal was cleared from maternal blood before gestation day 9, the critical day for induction of similar axial skeletal defects by hypoxia, the skeletal malformations probably resulted from maternal hypoxia secondary to anemia and not from a direct and specific effect of the drug on the embryo. In addition, we observed that the diflunisal level in the embryo was less than 5% of the peak maternal blood level probably as a result of high plasma protein binding of diflunisal in the maternal blood (greater than 98%). This relatively low placental transfer may explain the lack of diflunisal teratogenicity in rats and mice compared to aspirin which crosses the placenta more readily. These studies demonstrate that a species that exhibits unusually severe drug-specific maternotoxicity is probably an unsuitable model for the prediction of the teratogenic potential of that drug in humans. PMID- 6515561 TI - D-penicillamine-induced cleft palate in mice. AB - The teratogenic potential of the lathyrogen, D-penicillamine (DP), was assessed in pregnant mice, especially with respect to its ability to produce cleft palate. The dosage and the duration of treatment as they relate to the induction of cleft palate were also studied. Two different doses of DP were administered orally for either 5 or 4 consecutive days during the critical period of palatal closure. D penicillamine (DP) at a dose level which does not have any apparent maternal toxic effects produced cleft palate in the offspring, and this teratogenic effect depended more upon the duration of treatment than the dosage administered. Inhibitory effects on the formation of bone matrix were observed at the base of the palatal shelf. It is suggested that DP is potentially an osteolathyrogenic agent. The mechanism of induction of cleft palate in DP-treated mice was explored by histological studies using light microscopy. Delayed elevation of the palatal shelves was observed and is considered to be the cause of the induction of cleft palate. No other external malformations could be detected in DP-treated fetuses. PMID- 6515562 TI - Oxidative metabolites of diethylstilbestrol in the fetal Syrian golden hamster. AB - 14C-Diethylstilbestrol was administered orally, intraperitoneally, and intrafetally to 15-day pregnant hamsters at a dose of 20 mg/kg body weight, and the radioactivity was determined in the fetus, placenta, and maternal liver after 6 hours. Significant amounts of radioactivity were found in these tissues in every case, indicating maternal-fetal and fetal-maternal transfer of diethylstilbestrol. Part of the radioactivity found in the tissues could not be extracted even after excessive washing. This implied the presence of reactive metabolites. In the fetal and placental extracts, eight oxidative metabolites of diethylstilbestrol were identified by mass fragmentography as hydroxy- and methoxy-derivatives of diethylstilbestrol, pseudodiethylstilbestrol, and dienestrol. The presence of oxidative metabolites in the hamster fetus and the covalent binding to tissue macromolecules are possibly associated with the fetotoxic effects of diethylstilbestrol. PMID- 6515563 TI - Neural-tube defects produced in Syrian hamsters by potato glycoalkaloids. AB - Keeler et al. (78) showed that potato sprouts could be teratogens for the central nervous system in the Syrian hamster. We demonstrate here the same teratogenic effect from a British cultivar, Arran Pilot. Most of the activity was traced to the two solanidine triglycosides, alpha-chaconine and, at a higher dose level, alpha-solanine. Some possible implications for the study of human neural-tube defects are considered. PMID- 6515564 TI - The role of dysrhythmic heart function during cardiovascular teratogenesis in epinephrine-treated chick embryos. AB - Chick embryos were treated with a teratogenic dose (5 micrograms) of epinephrine hydrochloride at 4 days of development (stage 24). Heart rates were determined at 20, 40, and 60 minutes after treatment. The mean heart rate values for epinephrine-treated embryos were significantly less than values obtained for untreated and saline-treated control embryos. The decrements in mean heart rate could be explained by severe cardiac dysrhythmias that occurred in approximately 40% of epinephrine-treated embryos. The remaining 60% of embryos exhibited heartbeat patterns similar to controls. This finding enabled us to separate epinephrine-treated embryos into two physiologically distinct groups: dysrhythmia positive and dysrhythmia-negative. Dysrhythmias were characterized by periods of bradycardia alternating with periods of asystole and were confirmed by electrocardiography. EKG data suggest that epinephrine induces cardiac conduction disturbances in some chick embryos. An additional experiment was conducted to identify the frequencies at which abnormally obliterated aortic arches, abnormally persistent aortic arches, ventricular septal defects, and embryonic death occurred in dysrhythmia-positive and negative embryos. Abnormally obliterated vessels and embryonic death occurred with significantly greater frequencies in dysrhythmia-positive embryos. Abnormally persistent vessels and ventricular septal defects occurred with significantly greater frequencies in dysrhythmia-negative embryos. We conclude that the production of specific malformations and decreased probability for survival in epinephrine-treated embryos are related to dysrhythmogenesis and bradycardia. PMID- 6515566 TI - Immediate and delayed effects of oligohydramnios on limb development in the rat: chronology and specificity. AB - Experimental oligohydramnios has been induced in pregnant rats on the 15th gestational day. Characteristic features of the amniocentesis syndrome can be observed in the posterior limbs and tail early after the amniotic puncture. Histological studies of the affected limb buds reveal immediate endothelial rupture of the marginal vein in the interdigital areas. General and nonspecific effects of the syndrome appear after 30 minutes: venous congestion, blebs, and periendothelial oedema. Such vascular disturbances can be either reversible or lethal. Proper regulation of the haemorrhagic effects does not occur. Growth and differentiation of the condensed digital rays are often unimpaired. Since the condensed preskeletal rudiments are spared by the haemorrhage, resorption of the hematoma results in limb defects which may be limited to the soft tissues. The haemorrhagic sites are selectively dependent on the vascular pattern of the developing limb at the time of experiment. Current hypotheses formulated to explain the amniocentesis syndrome are reviewed on the basis of the new descriptive data. Congenital constriction band syndrome and amniotic ruptures have been observed in rare cases. PMID- 6515565 TI - Growth and development of mice offspring after irradiation in utero with 2,450 MHz microwaves. AB - Mice offspring irradiated in utero with 2,450-MHz radio-frequency (RF) radiation at 0 or 28 mW/cm2 (whole-body averaged specific absorption rate = 0 or 16.5 W/kg) for 100 minutes daily on days 6 through 17 of gestation were evaluated for maturation and development on days 1, 5, 10, 12, 15, and 17 of age. The tests used to determine differences in developmental age in the two treatment groups were body weight, urine concentrating ability, brain weight, tolerance to ouabain, and bone lengths. Fifteen sham-irradiated and 26 RF-irradiated litters, normalized to eight pups/litter, were used in this study. Mean body weight of the microwave-irradiated offspring were significantly (p = .0003) decreased only on day 1 of age. Brain weight on days 10, 12, and 17 were significantly lower in microwave-irradiated pups (p = .01). There were no significant differences in the two groups in urine concentrating ability on day 5, ouabain tolerance on day 15, or bone length on days 5, 10, 12, and 17. It is concluded that there is a persistent delay in postnatal development of the brain after RF irradiation with 16.5 W/kg during gestation. PMID- 6515567 TI - Effects of lead and hyperthermia on prenatal brain growth of guinea pigs. AB - The effects of lead at blood levels of 100 micrograms/100ml or less on the brains of young animals have not been clearly defined, and little is known of its effects and interactions with other agents on prenatal brain development. This study examined the effects of subclinical doses of lead acetate given to pregnant guinea pigs on the development of the embryo brain. At 9 A.M. on day 20 or 21 of pregnancy, guinea pigs were given 6, 12.5, or 25 mg/kg body weight of 0.5% lead acetate in distilled water by intraperitoneal injection. Some of the animals at each dose rate were also exposed to hyperthermia at 11 A.M. on the day of injection and the following day. Another group was exposed to hyperthermia without lead treatment. A saline-treated control group was used for comparison. Mean levels of lead in blood 1 hour after dosing ranged between 65 and 128 micrograms/100 ml and at 24 and 72 hours between 65 and 96 micrograms/100 ml. Brain weights of newborn guinea pigs in the 12.5- and 25-mg lead acetate group were significantly reduced compared with control values. Body weights of all groups receiving lead were not significantly different from those of controls. There was no indication of interaction between hyperthermia and lead acetate in doses of 6 or 12.5 mg/kg. At 25 mg/kg plus hyperthermia, there appeared to be a strong synergistic response, with an incidence of 88% micrencephaly compared with 5% in the group given 25 mg/kg without hyperthermia and 46% in the hyperthermia without lead group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6515568 TI - Left cleft lip predominance and genetic similarities of L line and CL/Fr strain mice. AB - Newborn litters of the L line and CL/Fr and A/JFr strains were examined, and sex, frequency and type of cleft lip (left, right or bilateral) were recorded. Embryos and fetuses from crosses between these strains and line were collected on days 13 to 16 of gestation, and frequency and type of cleft lip recorded. Overall cleft frequencies in L X CL/Fr, CL/Fr X L, and CL/Fr X A/JFr crosses (female stated first) were similar, while in A/JFr X L (10.3%) they were significantly lower than in L X A/JFr (23.3%). The data suggested that the same maternal effect genes were present in CL/Fr and the related L line and absent from A/JFr. In the L, CL/Fr, and A/JFr newborns, there was a tendency for males to have higher frequencies of cleft lip and bilateral cleft lip and the latter was significant for L. Left cleft lip frequency was significantly higher than right for L and CL/Fr newborns and in embryos of the CL/Fr X L and L X CL/Fr cross. No significant differences in laterality were found in the A/JFr strain, A/JFr X L, L X A/JFr, and CL/Fr X A/JFr crosses. It was concluded that (1) the embryonic and maternal effect genes for cleft lip are similar or identical in CL/Fr and L; and (2) using data from the literature, there are additional genetic factor(s) increasing left cleft lip occurrence acting in the embryo, which are present in CL/Fr, L, A/HeJ, A/He, and A/St and absent from A/JKt, A/J, A/JFr, and A/WySn. PMID- 6515569 TI - Hormone receptors in the management of breast cancer. PMID- 6515570 TI - Developing anti-smoking legislation in Texas. PMID- 6515571 TI - Psychiatric hospitalization and the mental health code. PMID- 6515572 TI - Campylobacter jejuni enterocolitis in Texas: a clinical and epidemiologic survey. PMID- 6515573 TI - Giving thanks: turkey takes second place to hard work. PMID- 6515574 TI - Lay midwives. PMID- 6515575 TI - Timing of mastoidectomy. PMID- 6515576 TI - The geriatric evaluation team. PMID- 6515577 TI - Cytology reports: are the "Pap" classes outdated? PMID- 6515578 TI - Freagmentation of subclavian catheter during insertion. PMID- 6515580 TI - The patient and "his doctor". PMID- 6515579 TI - Immunity under the Texas Tort Claims Act. PMID- 6515581 TI - Why does good health care cost so much? PMID- 6515582 TI - Interhospital patient transfers. PMID- 6515584 TI - Age-dependent models of population growth. AB - P. H. Leslie (1945, Biometrika 33, 183-212) (and others) introduced vector-matrix growth difference equations to model populations in which birth and death rates are age-dependent. We develop differential versions of these equations in both the unrestricted growth and logistic cases. We find that the vector logistic equations (difference and differential) are explicitly solvable in terms of solutions of the unrestricted equations, even when vital rates vary with time. These explicit solution formulas make it easy to determine the behavior of solutions as time goes on. PMID- 6515583 TI - Division synchrony and the dynamics of microbial populations: a size-specific model. AB - A discrete, environmentally coupled, size-specific model of microbial population dynamics in continuous culture is presented. It is mathematically simpler than other models based on similar assumptions and lends itself to numerical and analytic solutions. It displays several phenomena which have been reported in the experimental literature but which are not well understood; specifically, a loose relationship between biomass and numbers (i.e., a time lag between mass growth and cell division) and a critical damping of biomass while numbers continue to oscillate. In addition, the model provides several new predictions: The stable biomass distribution is independent of the environmental factors considered in the model and uniformly distributes the biomass among the size classes. The rate of approach to stability and the frequency of waves through the size distributions are a function of the flow rate and the variance in rate of growth and size at division. The model should provide a useful basis for studying the effects of size specificity on the dynamics of microbial populations cultured in chemostats. PMID- 6515585 TI - [Introduction to psychosocial medicine]. PMID- 6515586 TI - [Systems and their regulation]. PMID- 6515587 TI - [Male and female]. PMID- 6515588 TI - [Pain]. PMID- 6515589 TI - [Psychophysiologic and psychosomatic disease pictures]. PMID- 6515590 TI - [Examination and consultation from the psychosocial viewpoint]. PMID- 6515591 TI - [Family medicine]. PMID- 6515592 TI - [Psychosocial relations in medical practice]. PMID- 6515593 TI - Standardised lung function testing. PMID- 6515595 TI - Pulmonary function in adolescents with mild idiopathic scoliosis. AB - Spirometric indices, lung volumes, maximum voluntary ventilation, and maximum inspiratory and expiratory pressures were measured in 44 adolescents with mild idiopathic scoliosis (spinal curvature less than 30 degrees). All were symptom free, but six (13.6%) showed a restrictive defect with forced vital capacity less than 80% of predicted. In 12 subjects (27.3%) maximum voluntary ventilation was reduced to less than 80% of predicted normal. Forced vital capacity was significantly correlated with maximum inspiratory pressure and with maximum expiratory pressure, measures of respiratory muscle strength, but was not related to the degree of thoracic curvature. When maximum inspiratory pressure and forced vital capacity were corrected for differences in body size these variables remained positively correlated, most significantly in the girls. These data indicate that ventilatory function may be impaired in mild, idiopathic scoliosis and that the force developed by the respiratory muscles is a more important determinant of this impairment than the radiologically determined degree of spinal curvature. PMID- 6515594 TI - Pulmonary vascular resistance in children with congenital heart disease. AB - Pulmonary and systemic blood flow and pulmonary vascular resistance were measured in 21 children with congenital heart disease. Blood flow was calculated by the direct Fick method, using measurements of metabolic gas exchange obtained by remote respiratory mass spectrometry. The observations showed that the administration of oxygen caused an appreciable fall in pulmonary vascular resistance in 16 of the 21 children studied and that this fall would not have been appreciated from a study of pulmonary arterial pressure alone as it was masked by a corresponding rise in blood flow. In 10 of 14 children, in whom superior vena caval blood was also sampled, the rise in flow was largely due to an increase in intracardiac left to right shunt. It was accompanied by widening of the alveolar-arterial oxygen gradient, perhaps due to imperfect gas equilibration within the lung. PMID- 6515596 TI - Rupture of posterior wall of left ventricle after mitral valve replacement. AB - Possible aetiological factors, presentation, and management were reviewed in 18 patients with posterior left ventricular rupture complicating mitral valve replacement seen at one centre over six and a half years. The patients were elderly (mean age 57), predominantly women (16 of the 18), and suffering from mitral stenosis. Rupture was much more common after isolated replacement of the mitral valve (16 out of 797 operations) than after double valve replacement (one out 236) or mitral valve replacement and coronary artery bypass graft (one out of 70). A total of 1221 mitral valve replacements were performed over this period, with an overall incidence of rupture of 1.47%. Damage to the valve annulus occurred five times. On four occasions haemorrhage followed a vigorous response to a bolus dose of an inotrope. With the exception of these features, it was difficult to define specific risk factors. Eleven patients bled while still in theatre; one of them survived long term and another four lived for four to 10 days. Repair after restarting cardiopulmonary bypass made short term survival much more likely. In seven rupture developed after return to the intensive therapy unit; again only one survived long term. In nearly all cases bleeding was at, or just below, the atrioventricular groove. Rupture probably occurs after endocardial damage to a thin myocardium that has lost the internal buttress of the subvalvar apparatus. With the rise in intraventricular pressure at the end of bypass blood dissects into the myocardium, resulting in a large haematoma and eventual rupture. PMID- 6515597 TI - Histamine reactivity during the refractory period after exercise induced asthma. AB - An episode of exercise induced asthma will usually be followed by a period during which further exercise will not induce asthma. Postulated mechanisms include persistence of catecholamines released during exercise, development of tolerance to released mediators, and mediator depletion. To investigate the underlying mechanism further eight asthmatic men underwent three experimental protocols as follows: two treadmill runs of eight minutes; two incremental challenges with histamine inhalation; and a treadmill run of eight minutes followed by an incremental challenge with histamine inhalation. In each case the two challenges began 40 minutes apart. Patients performed the paired exercise trial first. Refractoriness to bronchoconstriction was shown in the repeated exercise studies but did not occur with repeated histamine challenge. The geometric mean histamine concentrations required to produce a 20% fall in forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) were 1.53 mg/ml and 0.93 mg/ml for the first and second challenges respectively (NS) and 1.4 mg/ml (NS) for the histamine challenge after exercise. It is concluded that refractoriness to exercise induced asthma is not explained by the development of smooth muscle tolerance to repeated histamine exposure or by the persistence of catecholamines released during exercise. The data are consistent with the theory of mediator depletion as the cause of refractoriness. PMID- 6515598 TI - Short term variability in FEV1: relation to pretest activity, level of FEV1, and smoking habits. AB - The natural variability in forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) over 20 minutes was determined in 54 fit hospital employees and 13 patients with restrictive lung disorders. Initial FEV1 ranged from 1.1 to 6.3 1 BTPS. Variability when expressed as absolute change was similar at all levels of FEV1, so that, when expressed as percentage change, variability decreased with increasing FEV1. Smoking habits did not appear to affect variability but activity before the test did. On the basis of these results an absolute change in FEV1 of 190 ml would be necessary for 95% confidence that the change in FEV1 occurred other than by chance in any one individual. This suggests that the absolute change in FEV1 might be a more reliable criterion than percentage change when distinguishing between natural variability and a response to inhalation of bronchodilators. PMID- 6515600 TI - Chylothorax complicating pneumonectomy. PMID- 6515599 TI - Histamine phosphate has a cumulative effect when inhaled at five minute intervals. AB - As the duration of bronchoconstriction induced by inhaled histamine phosphate is greater than five minutes, a study was carried out to determine whether this leads to a cumulative effect when histamine is inhaled at five minute intervals as in standardised procedures. Fourteen clinically stable adult asthmatic subjects were studied. In the first part of the study (the noncumulative stage) they inhaled doubling concentrations of histamine until appreciable bronchoconstriction occurred (changes close to 50% in lung resistance for seven subjects and 15% in forced expiratory volume in one second for seven others). After functional recovery the last concentration of histamine was nebulised on two more occasions, allowing for functional recovery after each nebulisation. In the second part of the study (the cumulative stage) subjects inhaled, depending on their responsiveness, three to eight consecutive doses of the histamine concentration last administered in the non-cumulative stage, these doses being administered at five minute intervals, without recovery. The cumulative effect was assessed by linear regression analysis of the changes in the specific functional indices, all the values obtained during the non-cumulative stage being given the score 0 and those obtained during the cumulative step scores of 1, 2, etc. In all but one instance significant (p less than 0.01) correlations were obtained and the slopes were positive, thus showing a cumulative effect. It is concluded that histamine has a cumulative bronchoconstrictor effect if inhaled at five minute intervals once appreciable bronchoconstriction has been reached. PMID- 6515601 TI - Non-invasive measurement of cardiac output by a single breath constant expiratory technique. PMID- 6515602 TI - Riedel's thyroiditis with multiple organ fibrosis. PMID- 6515603 TI - Flow through a venous valve and its implication for thrombus formation. AB - To elucidate the possible connection between the flow patterns in the pockets of venous valves and thrombus formation, detailed studies of the behavior of model particles and red cells flowing through a venous valve have been carried out using isolated transparent dog saphenous veins containing two-leaflet valves, and cinemicrographic techniques. It was found that large paired vortices, located symmetrically on both sides of the bisector plane of the valve leaflets, were present in each valve pocket under physiological flow conditions. Particles continually entered the valve pockets from the mainstream, spending long periods of time describing a series of spiral orbits of decreasing diameter, while moving away from the bisector plane, and eventually left the vortex, rejoining the mainstream. With concentrated suspensions of red cells, it was found that another smaller counter-rotating secondary vortex, driven by the large primary vortex existed deep in each valve pocket. The concentration of red cells in this secondary vortex remained appreciably lower than that in the mainstream. In such regions, fluid circulated with extremely low velocities, thus creating a very low shear field which allowed red cells to form aggregates. The results suggest that in some pathological states, the valve-pocket vortices could act as automatic traps and generators of thrombi in a fashion similar to that previously demonstrated in an annular vortex formed downstream from a sudden tubular expansion. PMID- 6515604 TI - Outcome of abnormal impedance plethysmography results in patients with proximal vein thrombosis: frequency of return to normal. PMID- 6515605 TI - Penicillin G inhibits granulocyte aggregation in vitro. PMID- 6515606 TI - [Rating of multiple blunt trauma]. PMID- 6515607 TI - [Air transport of lung patients]. PMID- 6515608 TI - [Prevention of hepatitis B by vaccination]. PMID- 6515609 TI - [Cutaneous porphyria]. PMID- 6515610 TI - [Asthma therapy of patients treated with respirators. Bronchodilators administered by nebulizer]. PMID- 6515611 TI - [Jaundice in infants after the 2d week of life]. PMID- 6515612 TI - [Sterilization via minilaparotomy using a Chinese retractor]. PMID- 6515613 TI - [Late postoperative peritonitis. After subtotal colectomy for ulcerative colitis]. PMID- 6515614 TI - [Penicillin therapy of neurosyphilis. A treatment which gives treponemicide penicillin concentration levels in the cerebrospinal fluid]. PMID- 6515615 TI - [Outpatient psychiatric activity in Norway]. PMID- 6515616 TI - [Local atrophy after injection of a depot corticosteroid]. PMID- 6515617 TI - [The hygienic status of meat transport vans]. AB - Meat transport vans were sampled using impression surfaces of violet red bile glucose agar (VRBG agar; in 1978) and plate count agar (PC agar) contained in so called Rodac plates (during the period from 1979 to 1982). So-called hygienograms of each van were recorded. At the same time, scrapings from the vans were examined for contamination by Salmonella. The majority of meat vans were only slightly contaminated with Enterobacteriaceae. The state of hygiene of approximately fifty per cent of the meat vans examined with plate count agar was inadequate initially. However, considerable improvement occurred during the course of the investigations. Seasonal effects were merely limited. Moreover, there was not found to be any relationship between the appearance of scrapings positive for Salmonella and the state of hygiene of the transport vans. Systematic bacteriological examination of meat transport vans is considerably hampered in practice by the ambulatory character of meat transport. PMID- 6515618 TI - [Chronic furazolidone poisoning in swine? Practical problems and legal consequences]. AB - Long-term treatment (eighteen months) with a medicated feed containing 400 ppm of furazolidone gave rise to side-effects on a pig farm on which the animals were affected with persistent oedema disease. These side-effects disappeared on discontinuation of the medication. In view of this suspected case of chronic furazolidone intoxication the court formulated several questions for a panel of experts. The questions and the replies given are stated. PMID- 6515619 TI - [Pharmacology and toxicology of furazolidone and carbadox; a literature study]. AB - A literature search on furazolidone in pigs was made in order to be able to answer a number of questions raised by a court regarding possible furazolidone intoxication. The following review of the literature is the result of this study. Attention is also paid to the residual toxicology of this drug. As one of the court's questions concerned carbadox alone and combined with furazolidone, a brief review of the pharmacology of this drug is included. PMID- 6515620 TI - [Setting up practice in another country. Mutual recognition of diplomas and professional qualifications]. PMID- 6515621 TI - [A new treatment possibility for dogs with chronic or recurrent pyoderma]. AB - Effective treatment of chronic or recurrent pyodermas in dogs is often found to be difficult. The disease apparently results from a change in the balance between the infecting microorganism: Staphylococcus aureus, and the host. This change in the normal equilibrium could be due to enhanced virulence of the infecting strain of staphylococci, but is more likely to have been caused by host factors such as disturbed non-specific defence mechanisms (of the skin) or malfunction of the immune response, e.g. hypersensitivity. When conventional forms of treatment such as grooming, skin-hygienic measures and antibiotics fail or relapses occur, immunotherapy with a staphylococcal vaccine or toxoid might be considered. In studies with experimental animals it was shown alpha-toxoid was superior to other staphylococcal toxoids or vaccines in preventing skin lesions. Four dogs with deep-seated chronic pyodermas were treated with staphylococcal alpha-toxoid emulsified in Freund's adjuvant. Three of these animals recovered, but because of severe unwanted side-effects, this form of therapy was abandoned. Ten dogs with deep-seated chronic primary pyodermas were treated with a commercially available alpha- and beta-toxoid preparation (Isopyos). Nine of these patients recovered. In two cases, however, relapses occurred several months later, but the symptoms disappeared again after a booster injection. One dog did not respond; its condition deteriorated and it had to be euthanised. As the dogs received toxoid intracutaneously as well as intramuscularly, the positive effect might be due to desensitization of the animals rather than to immunisation. PMID- 6515622 TI - [General Agriculture and Fishery Inspection Service]. PMID- 6515623 TI - [Resistance to colonization of the gastrointestinal tract]. AB - The microflora naturally present in the intestinal tract of mammals and birds will ensure that pathogenic bacteria will not become colonized or will have difficulty in doing so and cannot grow into large populations in the intestinal tract. This phenomenon is termed 'colonization resistance'. The microflora of the animals is transmitted from parents to offspring and is species-specific. When contacts between parent animals and young animals are broken off, the young are colonized by an adventitiously present microflora which possesses only part of the favourable characteristics. A high pressure of infection by pathogenic bacteria, poor general resistance, the use of antibiotics, fasting, variations in the diet and stress also are factors which usually have an adverse effect on the microflora present in the host. In addition, age is a factor. Young animals relatively often show disturbances of the intestinal flora. The animals are particularly susceptible to intestinal disease immediately after weaning. Methods are suggested, by which disturbances of the intestinal flora due to the above may be prevented. PMID- 6515624 TI - [2 cases of acute stomach dilatation in cats]. PMID- 6515625 TI - [Leg disorders in swine: clinical changes attributable to the type of flooring]. AB - Clinical symptoms of leg weakness were assessed in three groups of pigs, consisting of sixty-four, thirty-two and thirty-two animals respectively at four week intervals during the fattening period. The animals of the various groups were housed in pens (eight pigs in each pen) with one of three types of flooring, viz. a concrete slatted floor, a floor of recycled plastic slats, or a perforated floor of polyurethane. The pigs housed on concrete slatted floors showed less severe clinical symptoms of leg weakness compared to the animals housed on floors of recycled plastic slats. The third group of pigs, those on the perforated floor of polyurethane, showed symptoms of internediate severity. The claws of the pigs in the most severely affected group were significantly longer than those of the pigs in the two other groups. Moreover, the distal parts of the limbs of these animals were much weaker, and the proportion of lame animals in this group was larger compared with that of the two other groups. PMID- 6515626 TI - [The judge must consider the admissibility of animal experiments]. PMID- 6515627 TI - [Ritual slaughtering in the Netherlands]. PMID- 6515629 TI - [The reliability of transcutaneous bilirubin measurement: a clinical study with statistical data and literature review]. PMID- 6515628 TI - [Enamel defects in tuberous sclerosis: hard facts of diagnostic importance]. AB - Tuberous sclerosis is a complex syndrome. Recognition of the disease can be very difficult because of its incomplete forms. In this article a new symptom of possibly great diagnostic value is discussed, namely the presence of enamel defects in patients with tuberous sclerosis. For a clear understanding and correct interpretation of enamel defects in general, the role of the odontogenesis, the amelogenesis and the different types of developmental disturbances is explained. A review is given of all published investigations concerning the presence of enamel defects in tuberous sclerosis. The conclusion is that the enamel defects may be of great importance for an early diagnosis as well as for a possible revise of the penetrance and mutation rate of the disease. PMID- 6515630 TI - Familial erythrophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. AB - A patient is described in whom the clinical symptoms and the laboratory data suggested familial erythrophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (FEL). This diagnosis was confirmed by the findings on liver biopsy. The literature on FEL, a fatal disease with probable autosomal recessive inheritance, is reviewed. Some recently described aspects of FEL, such as hyperlipidemia and disturbances of the immune system, are stressed: the latter may play a role in the pathogenesis of the disease. PMID- 6515631 TI - Utilization of murine peripheral blood lymphocytes for H-2 typing. AB - We adapted the NIH Standard Protocol for HLA-A, B, C typing to perform murine H-2 typing. The assay is direct, measuring the cytotoxicity of the antiserum/cell/complement reaction with a supravital dye. This method is advantageous because it: utilizes peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) obtained from the tail vein; uses microliter volumes of antiserum; is practical because the formalin fixed reactions need not be read immediately; involves standard and inexpensive cytotoxicity techniques; is easily interpreted and is readily reproducible. PMID- 6515632 TI - HLA and susceptibility to multiple sclerosis. AB - The study of the joint segregation of multiple sclerosis and HLA, using affected sib pairs as well as whole pedigrees, shows that these two traits are not independently transmitted. The hypothesis of a single susceptibility locus inside HLA region could explain all the observed data, only if a high gene frequency, a very low penetrance, and some environmental correlation between relatives are assumed. Linkage analysis performed on the basis of this hypothesis for 58 multiple sclerosis families concludes to a strict linkage. We obtained a maximum score of 3.11 at theta = 0.00 for a dominant gene of frequency 0.18 and penetrance of 0.02. This result contrasts with the large recombination fraction obtained by other authors and the discrepancy is explained by the very low gene frequency used in their analysis. Some environmental correlation, in addition to the genetic determinant in HLA region, may explain the overall familial aggregation, but an alternative is the existence of additional genetic determinants. PMID- 6515633 TI - Monoclonal mouse antibodies to human MHC class I antigens cocap class II antigens. PMID- 6515634 TI - HLA antigens in South India: I. Major groups of Tamil Nadu. AB - HLA-A, B profile of 385 normal healthy individuals living in Tamil Nadu, India was studied by microlymphocytotoxicity testing. Antigen, gene and haplotype frequencies of this population were calculated and compared to those already available in the literature. The sample was further divided into four major groups and the frequencies calculated. Genetic distances between the various major groups were also calculated: the analyses suggest that these different groups may differ by origin. The study further reveals that in any HLA genetic and disease association studies in India, one should give due consideration to the caste system of the sample studied. PMID- 6515635 TI - HLA-A, -B and -C specificities in a sample of the Nile Delta population, Egypt. AB - HLA-A, -B and -C specificities were determined in 100 Egyptians living and originating from the region of the Nile Delta. The pattern of antigen frequencies were similar to those of Berber populations living in North Africa with some exceptions compatible with the Semitic contribution to the Egyptian population. PMID- 6515636 TI - HLA monoclonal antibody registry: third listing. PMID- 6515637 TI - Ten-year progress report of the International Cell Exchange. AB - For the past 10 years, the International Cell Exchange has been a useful tool for testing rare and unusual HLA antigens and monitoring the progress in detection of recognized specificities. Of special interest are the antigens proposed in the 8th Workshop - 8w57, 8w58, 8w59, and 8w66. Marked improvement could be seen in the detection of 8w59 (29%) and 8w66 (31%). Possible new variants of the A9 and A10 complexes were tested in several exchanges. As shown by the increasing yearly average percentages of detection, laboratories are improving in their ability to type Aw23, Aw24, A25, A26, A29; Bw39, Bw41, Bw54, Bw55, Bw57, Bw58, Bw60 and Bw62. Over 90% of the laboratories are now able to detect Aw24; B5, B17, and B40, and A29 has attained the status of being well defined. PMID- 6515638 TI - Third order linkage disequilibrium. AB - For third order linkage disequilibrium there is a constraint on the maximum value the disequilibrium can take, given pairwise disequilibria values and allele frequencies. As distinct from second order disequilibrium (considered in the context of a two locus model) there is also in some cases a constraint on the minimum value. The appropriate procedures to determine these maximum and minimum values are given, as well as numerical values utilizing HLA data. PMID- 6515639 TI - Identification and function of transmembrane glycoproteins--the red cell model. AB - Transmembrane glycoproteins in the red cell membrane traverse the plasma membrane, have their carbohydrate moieties on the extracellular surface, are sialyated (except for band 3) and are tethered to the membrane cytoskeleton proteins on the cytoplasmic surface. This linkage between the transmembrane proteins and the skeletal membrane proteins provides a two-way communication between the extracellular surface and the interior of the red cell; i.e., a transmembrane effect can be initiated from either side. These interactions are discussed in this review, including the example of sickle cell anemia in which the membrane bound hemoglobin may exert a transmembrane effect to change the conformation or distribution of transmembrane glycoproteins and and hence the extracellular surface receptors. This, in turn, may explain why sickle cells adhere to endothelium in vitro. Although the RBC transmembrane sialoglycoproteins may function in communication, regulation of cell shape, and adhesion, uncertainties exist regarding many of their functions. To study these sialoglycoproteins, we have developed a double staining technique (Dzandu et al., 1984) that differentially stains human RBC membrane sialoglycoproteins and asialoproteins in SDS-polyacrylamide gels. This should aid in elucidating the conformational structure and function of transmembrane glycoproteins. PMID- 6515640 TI - Surface coats of pore tubules and olfactory sensory dendrites of a silkmoth revealed by cationic markers. AB - Negatively charged surface coats have been demonstrated on the pore tubules and dendritic membranes of olfactory hairs of male Antheraea polyphemus silkmoths by application of the cationic markers lanthanum (La3+), ruthenium red (RR), and cationized ferritin (CF). Lanthanum and RR diffused readily into the apically opened hairs, whereas CF penetrated only for a relatively short distance. Deposits of the markers are distributed as follows: the inner surfaces of the hair walls are stained by RR and to a small degree by CF; the surfaces of the pore tubules and the dendritic membranes are stained by all three markers. The pore tubules have the strongest affinity for CF. The number of pore tubule membrane contacts seems to be increased by the cationic dyes. The dendrites are often penetrated by RR, which forms deposits on the inner membrane leaflets, the cytoplasmic microtubules, and microfilaments, and by La3+, but never by CF. The observations provide support for the assumption that, first, the pore tubule membrane contacts are formed via surface coats of both structures, possibly influenced by cations and, second, that the dendrites remain intact after pinching off the hair tips. PMID- 6515642 TI - Possible migration of imaginal myoblasts from adjacent nerve sheath into the developing flight muscle of Chironomus. AB - The emplacement of the first imaginal myoblasts along the larval muscles which are precursors of the dorsal longitudinal flight muscles, has been studied in Chironomus (Diptera, Nematocera), by light and electron microscopy. At the beginning of larval life there are no imaginal myoblasts stored along these muscles. These cells are discerned only at the beginning of the last larval instar. They first appear in the median region of the muscles near the neuromuscular junction. Prior to this, however, there are cells possessing the same cytological characteristics as the imaginal myoblasts inside the sheath of the motor nerves that supply the muscles. These observations suggest that myoblasts could arrive by the nerve sheath. The presence of a thick, continuous basal lamina around the larval muscles seems to exclude all other possibility of access to these muscles. The extension of this hypothesis to the Cyclorrhaphan Diptera is discussed. PMID- 6515641 TI - The induction and distribution of an insect ferritin--a new function for the endoplasmic reticulum. AB - Three insect tissues have particular roles as filters to maintain the fluid composition of the hemolymph. Water and ions enter and leave through the midgut. The pericardial cells filter circulating hemolymph. Malpighian tubules, often with the rectum, allow resorption from a hemolymph filtrate that passes to the hindgut. All three tissues have plasma membrane infolds making a reticulum on their hemolymph surfaces, and all three have RER leading to SER extensions into their reticula. SER is a catch-all description for membranes lacking ribosomes in the pre-Golgi complex set of compartments of the vacuolar system. Some kinds of SER are well known for their role in housing enzymes for steroid metabolism and for detoxification. The SER ramifying within the plasma membrane reticular systems of tissues concerned with hemolymph filtration contains ferritin, suggesting that this SER has another, different function. In contrast to vertebrate cells, where ferritin is confined to the cytosol and lysosomes, we have found that in Calpodes and perhaps in most insects, ferritin occurs in the vacuolar system and not in the cytosol. Ferritin occurs naturally in the RER and SER of cells at the hind end of the midgut, in pericardial cells and in the yellow region of the Malpighian tubules. Additional ferritin is induced by loading the gut or hemolymph with iron. Overloading with iron causes ferritin secretion to the gut lumen. We propose that the SER in these cells functions in iron homeostasis by holding ferritin for loading and unloading as it moves to and from the reticulum at the cell surface where it can be maximally exposed to extracellular fluid flow. PMID- 6515643 TI - Demonstration of microfibrils in Bruch's membrane of the eye. AB - The cationic dyes ruthenium red and alcian blue were used to visualize a population of microfibrils in Bruch's membrane, a compound basement membrane located in the uveal tract of the eye between the retinal pigment epithelium and choriocapillaris. Microfibrils were tubular structures, 10-12 nm in diameter, that showed a characteristic beaded pattern. The majority of microfibrils appeared as a dense mantle around the layer of amorphous elastin. Microfibrils and collagen fibers were also present as a loosely organized meshwork in the collagenous zone of the membrane. Microfibrils were also seen along the basal surface of the retinal pigment epithelium where they appeared to insert into the substance of the basal lamina. Ruthenium red staining of microfibrils was not abolished by prior exposure of tissue to several kinds of degradative enzymes. The findings suggest that the elastic properties of Bruch's membrane may depend on both the elastin and microfibrillar components. PMID- 6515644 TI - Design of an insect cuticle associated with osmoregulation: the porous plates of chloride cells in a mayfly nymph. AB - In mayfly nymphs of the genus Coloburiscoides, cell complexes with an osmoregulatory function (so-called chloride cells) are found in the integuments of the oral gills, the abdominal gills and gill filaments, the coxae and the thoracic sternites. The cuticle overlying each cell complex is a rigid circular plate which is known to be porous to colloidal lanthanum suspensions. The present study shows that the plate is composed only of the cuticulin and dense layers of the epicuticle. Both layers have substructures built of subunits on almost perfect hexagonal lattices. The lattice spacings are 53 and 9.5 nm for the dense layer and the cuticulin layer respectively. During moulting the apical plasma membrane of the chloride cell remains adpressed to the old porous plate. The new porous plate is formed from a new chloride cell which intrudes from the base of the integument. Throughout the moult small pores persist in the new and otherwise continuous cuticle to allow continuity of the cytoplasm of the apical and basal portions of the old chloride cell. It is thought that this phenomenon allows osmoregulatory function of the chloride cell complex to be maintained during the moult. PMID- 6515646 TI - A freeze-fracture study of the surface of the infective-stage larva of the nematode Trichinella. AB - The surface layers of the cuticle of the infective, first-stage larva of the nematodes Trichinella spiralis and T. spiralis var. pseudospiralis have been studied by means of the freeze-fracturing technique. No obvious differences between the two nematodes were found. A double-layered structure covers the cuticle. Its outermost layer consists of particles embedded in an amorphous matrix; its inner layer is composed of a sheet of fine filaments which may be composed of globular subunits. This unique double layered structure is not like a normal cell membrane in structure. The surface of the cuticle beneath it is relatively smooth except for impressions from the inner surface of the double layered structure. The cuticle surface did not fracture in the manner of a cell membrane. PMID- 6515645 TI - The ultrastructure and metal-containing inclusions of mature cell types in the hepatopancreas of a crayfish. AB - The ultrastructure of the hepatopancreas of the crayfish Austropotamobius pallipes (Lereboullet) is described in relation to its function in digestion. X ray microprobe analyses of the cells of this tissue have been obtained after using a variety of fixatives and plasma oxygen etching. The distribution of metals in the digestive cells is considered in relation to the polarization of the cells and their ability to absorb materials across the apical and basal cell membranes. PMID- 6515647 TI - Spontaneous aortic lesions in marine turtles. AB - Marine turtles were found to have gross aortic aneurysmal dilations and multiple, raised grayish-white plaques which resembled both the aortic lesions of Marfan's syndrome in humans and those induced by chemical manipulation in animals. Smooth muscle cells in these aortic lesions displayed considerable functional as well as morphological similarity in their response to environmental injury in both turtles and humans. PMID- 6515648 TI - Effect of prostaglandin synthetase inhibitors on platelet aggregation and thromboxane production in diabetes mellitus. AB - Platelet aggregation is known to be increased in diabetes mellitus, and the enhanced thromboxane production has been shown to be one of the causes of such abnormal platelet function. To investigate which step is activated in diabetic prostaglandin metabolism, three specific inhibitors of prostaglandin synthetases were used in this study, which were mepacrine, indomethacin and imidazole. Platelet aggregation induced by collagen was significantly increased accompanying enhanced thromboxane production in diabetics with proliferative retinopathy compared with age matched controls. Platelet aggregation in diabetics with proliferative retinopathy was less inhibited by the addition of each inhibitor compared with controls. However, there was no difference in inhibitory pattern of platelet aggregation among the three inhibitors. In addition, thromboxane production during aggregation in diabetics with proliferative retinopathy was significantly greater than that in controls by the addition of each inhibitor. Inhibitory patterns of thromboxane production did not differ among the addition of three inhibitors. It is concluded that enhanced thromboxane production resulting in enhanced platelet aggregation would be related to diabetic vascular complications. This abnormal prostaglandin production can be due to the activation of general steps in prostaglandin metabolism in diabetic platelets, not of a specific enzyme. PMID- 6515649 TI - Chromosome analysis in couples with recurrent abortions. AB - Chromosome analysis using a G-Banding technique was performed in 35 couples (70 individuals) with a history of two or more spontaneous abortions of unknown cause. Among these individuals, 5 (7%) showed balanced translocations, all of whom were female. The outcome of 31 pregnancies of 10 balanced translocation carriers was as follows: Ten of the offspring had normal phenotypes (32%), 5 (16%) were born with chromosomal abnormalities and 16 (52%) were spontaneously aborted. PMID- 6515650 TI - Financial strategies of MIOs in price-competitive markets. PMID- 6515651 TI - The financial characteristics of MIOs: entering an era of price competition. PMID- 6515652 TI - Financial analysis and planning in MIOs. PMID- 6515653 TI - Alternative financial management structures in not-for-profit MIOs. PMID- 6515655 TI - Venture capital: past, present, and future applications. PMID- 6515654 TI - Refining traditional behaviors for marketplace advantage. PMID- 6515656 TI - Competing through contracting and effective pricing strategies in PPOs. PMID- 6515657 TI - A kinetic analysis of the interaction between methylmercury and selenium. AB - Guinea pigs were given radiolabelled methyl(203)mercuric chloride at a dose of 3 mg/kg p.o. alone or with an equimolar dose of sodium selenite, every second day for 3 weeks (10 doses). Whole-body mercury levels were measured during the course of the study and multi-compartment analysis carried out by computer least-squares curve fitting. Results indicated that mercury given alone behaved according to a single compartment model with half-life of 23.6 days, while in the presence of selenium a two-compartment behaviour resulted with one clearing rapidly (half life 8.7 +/- 5.3 days) and the other clearing more slowly (half-life 40.8 +/- 13.0 days). Selenium decreased excretion of mercury in feces (2-fold) and urine (7-fold). Approximately 70% of the total mercury in the feces and 90% of that in the urine was in organic form. Tissue distribution of total, organic and inorganic mercury was determined 1, 14 and 28 days after the final dose. Selenium decreased the levels of mercury 1 day after the final dose, but produced a slower clearance after that. In all organs examined most of the mercury was in the organic form, except in the kidney which had over 70% inorganic mercury. Selenium increased the relative amounts of inorganic mercury in the liver, spleen, pancreas, large and small bowels, but not in the kidney. PMID- 6515658 TI - Combined effect of nitrogen dioxide and cold stress on the activity of the hepatic cytochrome P-450 system in rats. AB - The combined effects of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and cold stress were assessed on the cytochrome P-450 system by measuring microsomal protein content, cytochrome P 450 content, aminopyrine N-demethylase activity, and aniline hydroxylase activity in the liver of male Wistar rats exposed to 4 ppm NO2 and/or cold environment (4 degrees C) for 24 h, 14 days, and 30 days. Exposure to cold alone changed the activity of the cytochrome P-450 system during the exposure up to 30 days, and exposure to NO2 alone also influenced it after 14 days and 30 days of exposure. Interactions were observed in the effect on the cytochrome P-450 system when rats were exposed to NO2 and cold simultaneously. There was a tendency that NO2 suppressed the increases in activities of the cytochrome P-450 system caused by cold of 24-h and 30-day exposure. PMID- 6515659 TI - The selective action of nickel on tubule function in rabbit kidneys. AB - Two days after intraperitoneal injection of NiCl2 (20 mumol/kg) into rabbits the same apparently uncompetitive inhibition of aspartate reabsorption is seen as was previously observed following acute exposure to other metals. This dose of Ni reduced the calculated maximum tubular transport rate for aspartate (Tm) and the apparent affinity constant (KM) by over 50%, but exerted no effect on either Tm or KM of cycloleucine or glucose reabsorption. The relative selectivity of the nephrotoxic action of Ni and other metals is reviewed; it raises the question whether the acute effects observed are appropriately described as a Fanconi-like syndrome. PMID- 6515660 TI - Carcinogenesis by N-nitrosohexamethyleneimine in NZO inbred mice. AB - The carcinogenic response of NZO/BlGd inbred mice of both sexes to oral N nitrosohexamethyleneimine (NHEX) was investigated at 2 differing dose rates, but equal cumulative doses. Mice received 52 mg NHEX (2 mg/g body wt) in drinking water over either an 8-week period (200 mg/l) or a 32-week period (50 mg/l), and were then kept for their natural lifespans. The main sites of tumorigenesis were upper alimentary tract (oropharynx, esophagus, squamous and glandular stomach) and liver. Lymphomas and biliary epithelial tumours were also induced, but lung carcinogenic response was of marginal statistical significance. In contrast to previous reports we found responses in mice very similar to the organ pattern of NHEX carcinogenesis in rats. A comparable previous study in rats found a more marked change in response pattern at the 2 NHEX dose rates but total doses differed by up to 1.6 times in that experiment. With equal total doses of NHEX the mouse tumour patterns at the same 2 dose rates were nearly the same, but there were higher incidences of liver and lung tumours and of lymphomas at the high dose rate, in agreement with the rat study. There were no significant sex differences in carcinogenic response. PMID- 6515661 TI - The pharmacokinetics of benzo[alpha]pyrene in the isolated perfused rabbit lung: the influence of benzo[alpha]pyrene, n-dodecane, particulate, or sulfur dioxide. AB - The pharmacokinetics of benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) in the isolated perfused rabbit lung (IPL) following pretreatment of the whole animal or simultaneous administration to the IPL with n-dodecane, ferric oxide, crude airborne particulate (CAP), fly ash or sulfur dioxide have been investigated using a one compartment model. The rate constant for the appearance (ka) of BaP in the blood, the clearance of BaP from the blood, and the rate of appearance of BaP metabolites (RAM) were the kinetic parameters determined. BaP entered the blood rapidly with an average half life of 11 min in experiments in which the IPLs received only BaP on perfusion. The logarithms of the clearances from these experiments were linearly correlated with the RAMs. In these experiments, pretreatment of the whole animal with BaP produced a 48-55-fold increase in BaP clearance while pretreatment with n dodecane increased the clearance 4-fold in comparison with no pretreatment. Pretreatment with ferric oxide or ferric oxide and BaP increased the clearance by factors of 5.5 and 1.5, respectively, over those of unpretreated and BaP pretreated experiments. PMID- 6515662 TI - Effects of cytochalasin H on chick embryo explants cultured in vitro. AB - Effects of the mould metabolite, cytochalasin H (CH) were studied in chick embryos explanted at stages 4, 5 and 8 and cultured in vitro. Morphological and histological observations revealed that the major effects of CH are inhibition of primary morphogenesis of heart and disaggregation of cells. Inhibition of neural tube closure, microcephaly and shortening of body axis was also noted. The effects were found to be dose- and stage-dependent. Histochemical studies demonstrated that CH brings about a reduction in the contents of glycoproteins and non-sulfated glycosaminoglycans important in cell adhesion. Effects of CH appeared due to its interference primarily with cell adhesion and secondarily with morphogenetic movements. PMID- 6515663 TI - The reduction of chromium (VI) to chromium (III) by glutathione: an intracellular redox pathway in the metabolism of the carcinogen chromate. AB - The capacity of glutathione (GSH) to reduce Cr(VI) to Cr(III) in vitro was investigated. The reaction was determined spectrophotometrically by following the absorption of Cr(VI) at 370 nm. At stoichiometric conditions (molar ratio Cr(VI)/GSH of 1:3) the reduction was strongly dependent on the solution's pH. It was much slower at pH 7.4 than at pH values below 5. An excess of GSH (100- or 1000-fold) accelerated the reaction. In any case, 3 GSH molecules were required to reduce 1 molecule of chromate. Incubation of human red blood cells (RBC) with an excess of Na2CrO4 (10 mM) decreased the GSH content of the cells to 10% of the original amount. This depletion of GSH was similar to that obtained when RBC were incubated with 62 mM diethylmaleate (DEM), a well known GSH depleting agent. Sephadex G-100 chromatography of lysates from human RBC incubated with radioactive chromate (51Cr(VI] showed a strong affinity of 51Cr for hemoglobin: 97% of the applied dose was bound to hemoglobin whilst only minor amounts of 51Cr were found in the low-molecular fractions. However, incubations of prepared lysates (as opposed to intact cells) with 10 mM Na2 51CrO4 markedly raised the chromium content of low-molecular fractions (probably GSH-Cr-complexes), probably indicative of a role of GSH in the intra-cellular reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III), the latter being regarded as the ultimately toxic species of this metal. PMID- 6515664 TI - The beneficial effect of dietary protein restriction on radiation nephropathy. PMID- 6515665 TI - Oncogenic transformation systems involving mammalian cells in vitro to determine the relative risks of different treatment modalities. AB - Systems developed to assay oncogenic transformation in vitro represent a rapid and powerful tool to screen and compare carcinogens for their relative oncogenic potential as well as to search for compounds that reduce or inhibit carcinogenesis produced by both physical and chemical agents. An established line of mouse fibroblasts (10T1/2 cells) cultured in vitro were used to compare the incidence of oncogenic transformation produced by X-rays, heat, various hypoxic cell radiosensitizers and a range of commonly used chemotherapy agents. A variety of 2 and 5 substituted nitroimidazoles were tested; these included metronidazole, desmethylmisonidazole, misonidazole, SR-2508, SR-2555, Ro-0741, RSU-1047 and RSU 1021. Most of these sensitizers produced a similar level of transformation; for example a three day exposure of aerated cells to a concentration of 1 mM of the drug resulted in a transformation incidence comparable to 1 Gy of X-rays. The notable exception was SR-2508 which produced a five-fold higher incidence of transformation. The potential carcinogenicity of sensitizers must be considered in choosing which of the currently available new drugs is to be used in clinical trials as an alternative to misonidazole. A variety of chemotherapy agents were tested at a concentration comparable to those used clinically and matched to produce about the same amount of cell killing. It was found that the incidence of oncogenic transformation varied widely. Some agents, such as Vincristine did not produce transformation at a level that could be detected above background, while others such as cis-Platinum appear to be potent carcinogens and produced transformation at a rate an order of magnitude higher than can be achieved by any dose of X-rays. Hyperthermia in the range of 40 degrees C caused no transformation, whether or not the heat treatment was associated with significant cell killing. In addition modest hyperthermia appreciably reduced the transformation frequencies associated with X-ray doses. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), a known space free radical scavenger, has been shown to reduce the level of transformation produced by radiation and sensitizers. To be effective, SOD must be present for prolonged periods during the fixation and expression period of the transformation process. PMID- 6515666 TI - Photon activation therapy. AB - It is suggested here that significant advantages should accrue from the use of 40 keV photons from implanted sources of 145Sm. These energies should stimulate Auger electron cascades from IdUrd, as well as produce non-repairable damage from radiosensitization. The use of low dose rates (approximately 10 rd/hr) should allow repair in normal tissues exposed to the activating photons. Utilization of this technique with brain tumors should minimize problems associated with radiosensitization of normal tissues, as CNS tissues do not synthesize DNA. The deposition of high LET radiations selectively in tumor cells provides unique advantages not available to either conventional therapy or other forms of particle therapy (fast neutrons, protons, pions, heavy ions). PMID- 6515667 TI - The Billings method of family planning: an assessment. AB - The Billings/ovulation method is a periodic abstinence method of regulating births based on the client's interpretation of changing patterns in secretions of cervical mucus monitored by external self-examination. It was developed in Australia and is now widely promoted overseas. This paper outlines the method's recent history and goes on to discuss its physiological basis, its use effectiveness as measured in a number of major trials, and some evidence concerning its general acceptability and applicability in family planning programs. PMID- 6515669 TI - Acceptance of effective contraceptive methods after induced abortion. AB - The purpose of this study was to examine possible motivating factors in switching from a relatively inadequate contraceptive method to an effective one. Three groups of women were observed: Group A had induced abortion and routine family planning education; Group B had induced abortion, routine family planning education, and special education on the health hazards of abortion; and Group C had no abortion, but did have both the routine and special education. The rate of women switching from inadequate contraceptive methods to the more effective methods was 45, 86, and 18 percent, respectively. Thus, these findings demonstrate that women who have had induced abortion are more highly motivated to switch from inadequate to effective contraceptive methods, particularly when they have been exposed to routine family planning education and additional education on the health hazards of abortion. It is recommended that emphasis be placed on providing special education for women who have had induced abortion. PMID- 6515668 TI - The potential impact of changes in fertility on infant, child, and maternal mortality. AB - In this paper we explore the relation between changes in reproductive behavior, such as those that might result from an effective family planning program in developing countries, and changes in child and maternal mortality. Specifically, we use the results from recent multivariate studies to estimate the changes in mortality that might result from altering maternal age, birth order, and birth spacing distributions of live births. Our results indicate that if childbearing were confined to the "prime" reproductive ages of 20-34, then infant and child mortality rates would fall by about 5 percent. Limiting childbearing to ages 20 39 may also reduce the maternal mortality ratio by 11 percent. The elimination of fourth and higher order births would reduce the maternal mortality ratio by about 4 percent. Universal adoption of an "ideal" spacing pattern in which all births subsequent to the first are spaced at least two years apart may reduce infant mortality by about 10 percent and child mortality by about 21 percent. PMID- 6515670 TI - Secondary infertility following induced abortion. World Health Organization Task Force on Sequelae of Abortion, special programme of research, development and research training in human reproduction. AB - Two university centers in Debrecen, Hungary and Seoul, Republic of Korea collaborated in a prospective study of fertility following induced abortion. Conception rates were compared for 30 months among two groups of women whose last pregnancy outcome was either an induced abortion or a live birth. The cumulative life-table pregnancy rates at each six-month interval for the 30 months of the study were similar in the two groups, although the pregnancy rate was higher in Debrecen than in Seoul for both groups, probably reflecting age differences between the two groups. In the first six months of the study, 4 of the 229 pregnancies in the induced abortion group were ectopic, whereas none of the 292 pregnancies in the live birth group were ectopic. Although on the basis of the two populations studied there is no evidence of a reduced ability to conceive following induced abortion, the occurrence of four ectopic pregnancies in the induced abortion group warrants further investigation. PMID- 6515671 TI - [Effect of seasonal temperature changes on the rate of cadaver destruction by fly larvae]. PMID- 6515672 TI - [Role of the morphometric method of examining the lungs in expert examination of the cadavers of newborn infants]. PMID- 6515673 TI - [Study of the morphology of erythrocytes in incised skin wounds by means of scanning electron microscopy]. PMID- 6515674 TI - [Features of injuries as a result of falls from heights]. PMID- 6515675 TI - [Lesions of the elbow area as a result of injuries inside a car]. PMID- 6515676 TI - [Injuries caused by harvesting combines]. PMID- 6515677 TI - [Structuro-morphologic properties of the bones of the cranial vault]. PMID- 6515678 TI - [Age and changes in rib cartilage according to x-ray findings]. PMID- 6515679 TI - [Method of identifying persons by their skulls using the photomatching technic]. PMID- 6515680 TI - [Changes in the lungs and vascular plexuses of the brain in chronic alcoholic intoxication]. PMID- 6515681 TI - [Determination of erythrocyte glutamate-pyruvate transaminase groups in fresh and dried blood]. PMID- 6515682 TI - [Determination of glyoxalase I in blood stains]. PMID- 6515683 TI - [Determination of G1M(-1) in blood stains]. PMID- 6515684 TI - [Various features of the use of infrared spectrophotometry in forensic chemical studies]. PMID- 6515685 TI - [Determination of thiodane in cadaveric material]. PMID- 6515686 TI - [Classification of blunt solid objects]. PMID- 6515687 TI - [Separation of the bones of the skull along their suture lines during putrefaction of a cadaver]. PMID- 6515688 TI - [Arrosive aneurysm of the internal iliac artery]. PMID- 6515689 TI - [Death as a result of multiple wasp stings]. PMID- 6515690 TI - [Rare case of multiple self-inflicted injuries]. PMID- 6515691 TI - [Active functioning of a fatally wounded person after a heart injury caused by firing a small-caliber TOZ-16 rifle]. PMID- 6515693 TI - Death anxiety and counseling skill in the suicide interventionist. AB - In light of recent evidence that suicide intervention workers may experience greater fear of death than the general population, the present study examined the death anxiety of interventionists and its relation to skill in responding to suicidal clients. A sample of 109 suicide prevention workers from three independent crisis centers were administered the Death Anxiety Scale (Templer, 1970) and the Suicide Intervention Response Inventory (Neimeyer & MacInnes, 1981). Compared to 109 matched controls, the interventionists were found to have significantly lower death anxiety, thereby reversing the earlier finding. Moreover, no linear or curvilinear relationship between death anxiety and suicide counseling skill could be identified. Together, these results give some justification to the traditional neglect of death concern as a factor in screening or training crisis intervention personnel. PMID- 6515692 TI - [Establishment of the age of bruises in living persons by means of multi dimensional statistical analysis]. PMID- 6515694 TI - Suicidal ideation and the residual capacity to promote inclusive fitness: a survey. AB - It has been argued that suicide relates to a diminished residual capacity to promote inclusive fitness, defined as the welfare and reproduction of self and kin. The present study examined whether this relationship is reflected in suicidal and subsuicidal ideation in the general population. A questionnaire concerning parameters of inclusive fitness, suicidal ideation and experience, and attitudes toward the value of life was distributed to samples of the general public and university undergraduates. Analyses indicated significant moderate relationships between inclusive fitness and suicidal ideation in both samples. Among items most strongly related to reported suicidal ideation were expectations of poor future health, perceptions of being burdensome, and unstable heterosexual relationships, with importance of other factors depending on age. PMID- 6515695 TI - Psychological autopsies in court. AB - The crucial concept for defining suicide is intention. A major purpose of the psychological autopsy is to clarify the pre-mortem intentions of the victim, now deceased. This article reports cases in which the issue of suicide vs. accident came to trial because insurance benefits were at issue. Currently, the courts, in considering to what extent mental disorders impair the capacity for intentional self destruction, evaluate each case independently according to its own unique set of facts. PMID- 6515696 TI - Confidentiality in crisis counseling: a philosophical perspective. AB - Crisis interventionists frequently confront a moral dilemma when violating client trust seems necessary if self-destructive behavior is to be prevented. Two fundamental moral values conflict in such cases: concern for client welfare and respect for client rights and autonomy. Each of these values is grounded in one of two important Western ethical traditions: Utilitarianism and Kantian Formalism, respectively. Following critical examination of each of these theories, attention is given to a series of hypothetical cases involving the confidentiality dilemma. PMID- 6515697 TI - An unusual case of self-inflicted death in childhood. AB - The authors report the details of the case of a ten year old boy whose self inflicted death by gunshot featured the involvement of a nine year old companion. The authors examine the material from the viewpoints of a possible case of suicide, of a certain case of violent death, and of a case with repercussions on the other child and the community. PMID- 6515698 TI - Psychological models of self-mutilation. AB - The descriptive models of self-mutilation fall into three broad categories. The psychodynamic formulation; the second category includes the anxiety reduction model, the hostility model, the behavioral learning model and the appeal model; the third social learning category includes the group-epidemic model and aspects of the violence and punishment model. The three models support the view that there is no single cause or motive responsible for self-mutilating behavior. Having a number of factors in mind allows for flexibility and enables clinicians to test particular hypotheses during management and gives them the opportunity to alter intervention accordingly. The problems faced by self-mutilating patients are so varied that no single form of treatment is likely to be universally appropriate. PMID- 6515699 TI - Vicissitudes of the suicidal impulse in dreams. AB - The author presents several dreams reported by psychosomatic patients which contain an overt or disguised act of suicide. In the latter instances various transformations of the act of suicide had been brought about by the defensive functions of the dreaming ego. Paradoxically, in several of these instances it was the very efforts of the dreaming ego to defend itself which allowed the suicidal impulse to reach its consummation. PMID- 6515700 TI - Clinical correlates of methylphenidate blood levels. AB - The clinical correlates of methylphenidate blood levels in hyper-active children and normal adults were examined in five studies. Although occasional correlations between blood levels and neuroendocrine response were noted within subjects along the pharmacokinetic time profile of the drug, no significant associations were found between blood levels and clinical response in behavioral measures or laboratory tests of attention or activity. It is unlikely that routine methylphenidate blood level determinations will become a part of the routine clinical management of hyperactive children. PMID- 6515701 TI - Serum bupivacaine concentrations in term parturients following continuous epidural analgesia for labor and delivery. AB - This study was undertaken to measure the blood concentrations of bupivacaine associated with a single loading dose followed by continuous epidural infusion for the management of the pain of labor and delivery with special reference to the potential for accumulation and toxicity. Four-milliliter venous blood samples were obtained every 15 min following the loading dose until delivery. If inadequate analgesia was observed just prior to delivery, an additional dose of bupivacaine was administered. Bupivacaine concentrations were measured using a double extraction technique followed by gas chromatographic analysis using a nitrogen-specific detector. Clearance, volume of distribution, and rate of absorption were estimated from the blood concentration time data and were 43.39 +/- 11.46 L/h, 67.56 +/- 17.66 L, and 8.97 +/- 3.69 h-1, respectively. Peak serum bupivacaine concentrations were 0.68 +/- 0.14 microgram/ml and occurred 0.58 +/- 0.25 h following administration of the loading dose. The duration of bupivacaine infusion was 3.42 +/- 0.80 h. Serum bupivacaine concentrations at delivery or just prior to administration of a supplemental delivery dose were significantly lower than the peak concentration in all patients (p less than 0.001). Fetal-to maternal serum concentration ratios were found to be 0.44 +/- 0.16 for the six patients requiring a supplemental delivery dose and 0.44 +/- 0.13 for the six patients receiving bupivacaine only by infusion. The data reported here illustrate that epidural analgesia for labor and delivery achieved using a single 50-mg loading dose followed by a continuous infusion of 12.5 mg/h of bupivacaine will not result in maternal or fetal accumulation or toxicity. PMID- 6515702 TI - Binding of amantadine to red blood cells. PMID- 6515703 TI - Monitoring of serum levels of imipramine and desipramine and individualization of dose in enuretic children. AB - The serum levels of imipramine (IMI) and its active metabolite desipramine (DMI) were monitored in 90 children with primary nocturnal enuresis. Ages ranged between 5 and 14 years. Serum concentrations were determined in 21 children at 24 h after administration of a dose of 75 mg and once when steady state had been reached, 12 h after the last dose; a good correlation was seen between the total levels (IMI + DMI) on those two occasions (r = 0.81; p less than 0.01). This serves as a basis to predict the steady-state levels of IMI + DMI reached in an individual patient. In the remaining patients the serum levels of IMI + DMI were determined at steady state. Dosage regimens were adjusted individually to obtain a favorable response with regard to the frequency of enuresis and to the possible occurrence of side effects. Good correlation was established between the serum concentrations of IMI + DMI at steady state and the frequency of enuresis, with a favorable response being obtained for levels greater than 80 ng/ml. Monitoring of serum levels leads to better compliance with the regimen throughout treatment. PMID- 6515704 TI - Blood collection tubes for tricyclic antidepressant drugs: a reevaluation. AB - We tested clinical samples from patients receiving four commonly monitored antidepressant drugs--amitriptyline, nortriptyline, imipramine, and desipramine- to evaluate the reliability of currently available Becton-Dickinson Vacutainer brand vacuum blood collection tubes. Serum tubes (red stopper), heparinized plasma tubes (green stopper), and two types of serum separator tubes (SST) were evaluated. Antidepressant concentrations were measured by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography. Antidepressant levels obtained using fresh serum (red stopper) or plasma (green stopper) yielded equivalent results. Serum collected in red-stopper tubes was stored at 4 degrees C for 4 weeks without detectable loss of antidepressant drugs. Significant concentration decreases for amitriptyline, imipramine, and desipramine were noted when serum was collected in SST tubes to such an extent that SST tubes cannot be used for the procedure. Bias attributed to SST tubes can interfere with the usefulness of clinical results over the entire therapeutic ranges of these drugs. PMID- 6515705 TI - Colorimetric assay for acetaminophen in serum. AB - A colorimetric method for determination of acetaminophen in serum, based on its reaction with 2-nitroso-1-naphthol-4-sulfonic acid, is described. The method is sensitive, rapid, and free from the interferences of serum matrix and most common drugs. The method can be performed manually or can be semiautomated. The results from this method correlate well with values determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. PMID- 6515706 TI - Evaluation of the fluorescence polarization immunoassay for quantitation of digoxin in serum. AB - Digoxin in serum was measured by fluorescence polarization immunoassay (FPIA) and by radioimmunoassay (RIA). Intraday precision of the FPIA method determined by replicate analysis of three controls (low, medium, and high) gave coefficients of variation of 5.41, 2.67, and 2.37%, respectively. The interday coefficients of variation were 5.71, 4.55, and 1.93% for the low, medium, and high controls, respectively. The mean recovery for three spiked controls was 98%. Quantitative results obtained by FPIA on serum samples from patients receiving digoxin were compared with the results obtained by RIA. The correlation coefficient was 0.989. The stability of the standard curve in FPIA was evaluated by recalibrating the instrument at two intervals, 21 days apart, and superimposing the standard curve. No significant changes were found in polarization values. PMID- 6515707 TI - Abnormal theophylline levels in plasma by fluorescence polarization immunoassay in patients with renal disease. AB - Fluorescence polarization immunoassay (FPIA) was compared with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) in the evaluation of serum from uremic patients. Serum specimens from uremic patients demonstrated significantly higher theophylline levels by FPIA than by HPLC. PMID- 6515708 TI - Falsely increased digoxin concentrations in samples from neonates and infants. AB - Several previous studies have suggested the presence of a digoxin-like immunoreactive substance in the serum of infants. In this study we examined eight different immunoassay kits to confirm the presence of such a substance. The kits were evaluated using serum from newborns and infants who were not receiving digoxin. We investigated the relationship of this digoxin-like immunoreactive substance to substances that are present in unusual concentrations in newborn sera. These substances included fatty acids, cholesterol, triglycerides, bilirubin, protein, and albumin. No relationship could be established. Since serum steroid concentrations are known to be increased in the newborn and since digoxin is essentially a steroid derivative, we looked at steroids separately and collectively to see whether they mimicked the immunoreactivity of digoxin. We found that pooled steroids did indeed mimic digoxin and might be implicated as the immunoreactive substances. PMID- 6515709 TI - Simple and precise method for liquid chromatographic determination of chloramphenicol in serum using a phase separation extraction. AB - A high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the determination of chloramphenicol using an alkaline salt-induced phase separation extraction is described. The extraction procedure is as simple as miscible organic solvent deproteinization methods, yet produces extracts that have negligible protein and minimal interference from acidic compounds. The use of 2,4-dinitroacetanilide as an internal standard and of microprocessor-stored standard relative response factors results in a more precise assay without need for daily routine standardization. Serum is mixed with an equal volume of acetonitrile containing the internal standard, and then solid sodium chloride containing 20% of sodium phosphate by weight is added and mixed. The resulting upper phase is chromatographed on a C-18 reversed-phase column and monitored at 278 nm. Between day precision is excellent. Comparison with an alternate method and with drug monitoring proficiency samples showed the method to have excellent accuracy. The possible use of this phase separation extraction in other assays in which miscible solvent extraction is used is discussed. PMID- 6515710 TI - A simple fluorescence high-performance liquid chromatographic assay for dihydroquinidine in serum. AB - A simple and rapid reversed-phase C-18 high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) assay without a prior extraction step for dihydroquinidine (HQD) in serum is described. The method is selective and useful for monitoring HQD and its presumed metabolites, quinidine (QD), N-oxide QD, 3-hydroxy QD (3-OHQD), and 10 11-diol QD. The detection limit for HQD was 0.2 +/- 0.1 mg/L, and the peak heights--concentration curve was linear between 0.5 and 10.0 mg/L. The coefficients of variation within and between runs were identical, 5.0 +/- 1.5%. A 100 +/- 2.5% recovery was obtained by direct injection into the chromatograph of the supernatant following acetonitrile protein precipitation. The total assay time was less than 15 min. PMID- 6515711 TI - Automated extraction and high-performance liquid chromatographic determination of serum clonazepam. AB - We have developed a rapid extraction process using the DuPont Prep I automated extractor/concentrator to prepare serum samples for the high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) determination of clonazepam. The drug, at an alkaline pH, is applied to a styrene divinylbenzene preparatory extraction column. The Prep I is a reversible centrifuge that allows the sample to pass through the preparatory column, followed by a wash solution of deionized water. The rotor then reverses direction and dispenses 20 ml of ethyl acetate, which elutes the adsorbed drug into an aluminum cup that is automatically dried at 68 degrees C. The extract is reconstituted with 100 microliters of mobile-phase, 50-mM sodium acetate (pH 5.4):acetonitrile:methanol (450:235:265, vol/vol). The chromatography is performed on a C-18 radial compression cartridge and detection is by absorbance at 313 nm. A plot of peak height ratio against concentration is linear to at least 160 ng/ml. The recovery of clonazepam with this automated extraction is 97.5%, compared with 90.0% for a manual extraction method. The coefficient of variation is 2.9% with the automated extraction. Only propranolol was found to interfere with clonazepam, whereas clorazepate interferes with the elution of the internal standard, nordiazepam. PMID- 6515712 TI - Automated high-pressure liquid chromatographic assay for antiepileptic drugs and their major metabolites by direct injection of serum samples. AB - We present a fully automated high-pressure liquid chromatographic (HPLC) assay for simultaneous quantitation of five antiepileptic drugs [ethosuximide (ES), primidone, phenobarbital, phenytoin, and carbamazepine] and their major metabolites [phenylethylmalondiamide (PEMA), carbamazepine-10,11-dihydro-10,11 diol (CBZD), and carbamazepine-10,11-epoxide (CBZE)] in serum samples without sample pretreatment. Two other metabolites, p-hydroxyphenobarbital (HPB) and 5-(4 hydroxyphenyl)-5-phenylhydantoin (HPPH), can be separated as well. Interference with serum constituents prevents a quantitative determination. Serum samples are injected onto a pre-column, the biological matrix is eluted with water, and the compounds of interest are subsequently separated on an analytical column. The anticonvulsants are eluted at 60 degrees C with a mobile phase containing acetonitrile:water (21:80 by vol) at a flow rate of 1.0-2.0 ml/min (flow-step gradient). The eluted compounds are monitored at 200 nm. Each analysis requires about 30 min. Analytical recoveries varied from 90 to 98%. Within-day coefficients of variation (CVs) ranged from 0.9 to 4.9%, between-day CVs from 2.8 to 7.6%. The lower limit of detection for all drugs is 0.2 microgram/ml serum, with a sample size of 100 microliters. At therapeutic concentrations we achieved baseline separation for all eight compounds, and there was no interference from other drugs. PMID- 6515713 TI - A sensitive gas chromatographic assay for the determination of serum viloxazine concentration using a nitrogen-phosphorus-selective detector. AB - A gas-liquid chromatographic procedure for measuring the serum levels of the antidepressant viloxazine is described. The drug and the internal standard [imipramine (IMI)] are extracted from 1 ml serum. The method involves a three step extraction, derivatization of viloxazine with acetic anhydride, and injection into a gas chromatograph equipped with a nitrogen-phosphorus-selective detector. The retention times for IMI and viloxazine were 4.7 and 6.1 min, respectively. The standard curves were linear over the 100- to 2,000-ng/ml range. The recovery averaged 64.5% and the lowest detection limit was 80 ng/ml. The within-run and day-to-day coefficients of variations were 11.9 and 12.5%, respectively, at 250 ng/ml, and 8.9 and 9.2%, respectively, at 1,500 ng/ml. The method is adequate both for single-dose pharmacokinetic studies and for monitoring serum viloxazine levels in chronically treated patients. PMID- 6515714 TI - Life's equities after 65. PMID- 6515715 TI - Municipal health services in Philadelphia. PMID- 6515716 TI - [Changes in hexokinase activity during muscle alteration]. AB - Changes in extractability and activity of hexokinase (HK) were studied under the action of heating and of urea on skeletal muscles of Rana temporaria L., and besides the stability of this enzyme in muscle extract to those agents in vitro was examined. Under a 15 minutes heating of muscle, a decrease in extractability (the activity calculated for 1 g of tissue) and activity (the activity calculated for 1 mg of protein) of hexokinase is first revealed at 37 degrees C. Then the enzyme extractability decreases gradually in accordance to the decrease in extractability of the total water-soluble protein; the level of hexokinase activity attained at 37 degrees does not change up to 40 degrees. At 42 degrees the activity of the enzyme is completely inhibited. Under the heating of the muscle extract, the decrease of enzyme activity takes place at 36 degrees, the level achieved being stable up to 42 degrees C. Under the action of urea on the muscle at the reversible phase of alteration (1 M urea from 5 minutes to 2 hours at room temperature, 1 M urea for 9 hours at + 4 degrees C), hexokinase activity increases, calculated for 1 g of tissue and for 1 mg of protein. Under the irreversible disappearance of muscle excitability (1 M urea during 9 hours, 2 M urea during 2 hours at room temperature) no hexokinase activity was revealed. The activation of the enzyme is discussed in connection with the data on the increase of ATP content in muscle under the urea alteration. The treatment of the enzyme in muscle extract with 1 M urea decreases its activity in 30 minutes down to 67%; the level achieved does not change during 20 hours. PMID- 6515717 TI - [Effect of cultivation conditions on the growth properties of Swiss 3T3 cells]. AB - A possibility of using Swiss 3T3 cells, adapted to the growth in the Eagle basal medium and bovine serum, in studies of cell proliferation and quiescent state was shown on the basis of their growth characteristics. Proliferative activity of cultures was estimated by measuring the intensity of DNA synthesis (incorporation of labeled thymidine and flow cytofluorometric analysis), mitotic index and cell number counts. Growth rate and saturation density of the culture were analyzed depending on serum concentration, substrate quality and medium changes both in growth and quiescent states. In spite of repeated medium changes such adapted cells had saturation density within 4.10(4)--7.10(4) cells/cm2, standard for this line. Besides, a distinct inhibition of cell proliferation at confluence or after incubation with low serum (0.5%) and a possibility of the following stimulation of cell divisions by adding a fresh medium containing different concentrations of serum were demonstrated. The increased rate of adipose conversion was detected in resting confluent 3T3 cells cultivated in closed vessels, as compared to cells growing in tissue culture dishes in the CO2 incubator. PMID- 6515718 TI - [Immunological and morphological properties of fibroblasts transformed in vitro. II. The change in the susceptibility of FC3H3 cells to lymphocytes--natural killers and macrophages during their selection for malignancy]. AB - The previous report contained the information on obtaining in vitro continuous cell lines of embryonic fibroblasts of mice of 4 genotypes, including C3H. In this paper, data on the degree of lysis of some derivatives of FC3H3 cells by natural killers and macrophages are given. It was shown that normal cells were not lysed by these effectors unlike cells which overcame Hayflick's limit and got minimum malignancy in vitro. However, it was established that the in vivo selection of cells for high tumorigenicity resulted in the formation of tumor cells resistant to lymphocytes--natural killers and macrophages. PMID- 6515719 TI - [Isolation of nonhistone proteins from animal cellular chromatin]. AB - Difficulties of various methods of isolation of DNA-free non-histone proteins (NHP) from different animal tissues and tumor cells are discussed. As a result, a simple and effective way of obtaining clean preparations of NHP possessing phosphoproteinkinase and immunological activity has been described. PMID- 6515720 TI - [Effect of functional loading on the operation of the active transport system for organic acids in the proximal kidney tubules of rats after unilateral nephrectomy and in the early postnatal period]. AB - The influence of a prolonged introduction of exogenic organic acid penicillin (that is functional loading) on the level of accumulation of an anionic dye (fluorescein) in renal proxima tubules was studied after unilateral nephrectomy and early postnatal period. Injection of penicillin 2 days after unilateral nephrectomy slowly increased Na-independent and strongly increased Na-dependent component of active fluorescein transport in renal proximal tubules of randombred, but strongly decreased both Na-independent and Na-dependent transport in renal tubules of the Campbell rats. When newborn random-bred, Wistar and Campbell rats were pretreated with penicillin, we obtained a slow increase in Na independent and a strong increase in Na-dependent component of fluorescein transport in renal tubules of random-bred and Wistar rats, but a significant reduction in both Na-independent and Na-dependent transport. It is concluded that the ability for adaptive (or substrate) stimulation of active transport of organic anion in renal proximal tubules is controlled genetically. Adaptive stimulation of organic acid transport in renal tubules referred to in literature as "carried induction", was accomplished apparently by the increase in driving force of the active transport, that is evidently the level of electrochemical Na+ gradient. PMID- 6515721 TI - [Caffeine inactivation of mammalian cells in the S phase of the mitotic cycle due to anomalous replicon initiation during the inhibition of the elongation of replicating DNA]. AB - Chinese hamster cells were treated with an inhibitor of DNA synthesis (hydroxyurea or arabinoside-cytesine) in non-toxic concentrations for 20 hours in the presence or absence of caffeine (2 mM). Under these conditions caffeine considerably inactivates the cells. If cells are synchronized by hydroxyurea (0.25 mM) in the S-phase of mitotic cycle, the addition of caffeine kills all the S-phase cells, while gamma-irradiation or novobiocine treatment markedly decreases the sensibilizing effect of caffeine. These findings permit us to conclude that cell inactivation is due to anomalous reinitiation of DNA synthesis stimulated by caffeine in the presence of drugs which inhibit the DNA chain elongation. PMID- 6515722 TI - [Cytophotometric study of the change in DNA content in the nuclei of human blood lymphocytes in systemic lupus erythematosus]. AB - During systemic lupus erythematosus, a correlation between the nuclear DNA contents in lymphocytes and their tendency to proliferate, on the one hand, and the activity of disease, on the other hand, has been revealed. At the high activity and acute run of disease, a negative tendency of lymphocyte proliferation and negative figures of the index of proliferation prevailed, the findings reflecting the extent of diminution of the lymphocyte DNA amounts. With a decline in the activity of disease and its transition to a phase of remission, a positive proliferative tendency starts to predominate in lymphocytes. PMID- 6515723 TI - The yield of active case-finding in persons with inactive pulmonary tuberculosis or fibrotic lesions. A 5-year study in tuberculosis clinics in Amsterdam, Rotterdam and Utrecht. AB - The aim of the study was to elucidate the yield of annual chest X-ray and bacteriological examination in subjects with inactive tuberculosis or fibrotic lesions. Nearly 15 000 such persons registered at the Tuberculosis Clinics (C.B.s.) in Amsterdam, Rotterdam and Utrecht were allocated at random to either the Check-up group or the Discharge group: every person had an initial chest X ray and examination of sputum or tracheal lavage for tubercle bacilli. Those in the Check-up group were re-examined annually for 3 years, while those in the Discharge group were not, but were encouraged to come to the C.B. if they developed symptoms suggestive of tuberculosis. Every patient was invited, after 3 years, to attend for a final follow-up examination. Nearly 90% of patients in the Check-up group attended for annual examination. Twenty-eight reactivations were reported during the 3 years, 23 pulmonary and 5 non-respiratory. They occurred in 12 patients previously treated by chemotherapy (1.2 per 1000 per year), in 15 with inactive tuberculosis (1.5 per 1000 per year) and in one with a fibrotic lesion (0.3 per 1000). Tubercle bacilli were found by smear and culture in only 2 cases and by culture only in 24. In the majority of reactivations only a small number of colonies were isolated on culture and no deterioration on the X-ray was seen. In the discharge group, 917 persons reported to the C.B.s because of pulmonary symptoms; 12 reactivations were found during the 3 years: 10 of the patients had received previous chemotherapy. Only 2 patients were positive at microscopy and in the majority of culture-positive cases a small number of colonies were isolated; 5 of the 9 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis showed deterioration in the X-ray appearance. At the final re-examination in the fourth year, similar numbers of cases were found in the Check-up group (14) and Discharge group (15). However, there were less smear-positive cases in the Check up group and less cases with X-ray deterioration. There were 69 confirmed reactivations in all. The annual rate of reactivation was 1.6 per 1000 in the Check-up group and 1.1 per 1000 in the Discharge group. It is suggested that routine annual check-ups of patients with inactive tuberculosis or fibrotic lesions should be discontinued. PMID- 6515724 TI - Survey of deaths in Hong Kong attributed to tuberculosis during a five-year period. AB - For the 12-month period from September 1st 1975 to August 31st 1976, and for the years 1979 and 1980, records were obtained for patients certified on part I of the death certificate as having died from tuberculosis in Hong Kong. In addition, records were obtained for patients in whom tuberculosis was a contributory cause of death (part II certifications) in 1979 and in 1980. The records for each survey were reviewed by an independent assessor. In the assessor's opinion, the diagnosis of tuberculosis was adequately established in 93%, 92%, and 92% of the patients in the 3 periods respectively, but among the part I certifications tuberculosis had in fact been the direct cause of death in only 74%, 78%, and 76%, active disease being the cause in 53%, 48% and 42%, and the late results of previous disease, inactive at the time of death, in 21%, 30% and 35%, respectively. Among the part II certifications, 39% in 1979 and 45% in 1980 should have been part I certifications, and only 32% and 24% respectively had been correctly certified in part II. If all the patients certified in part I had really died from tuberculosis, the death rates would have been 13.1 per 100 000 population in 1975/76, 9.7 in 1979, and 10.3 in 1980. According to the assessor's classification these should have been 9.7, 7.5, and 7.9 respectively, the rates from active disease declining from 6.9 in 1975/76, to 4.6 in 1979, and 4.3 in 1980. Among both part 1 and part 11 certifications there was a marked preponderance of males, and the death rates were particularly high in patients of both sexes aged 55 years or over. PMID- 6515725 TI - A new method for testing tuberculin skin reactivity--chamber test. AB - The Mantoux test and a chamber tuberculin test applied to the surface of the skin in 4 concentrations were performed on 229 children and 516 adults. The results were recorded at 72 hours. There was a significant correlation between the two tests. The chamber tuberculin test is technically easy, painless and atraumatic. It gives an opportunity of using a full range of concentrations of tuberculin resulting in a quantitative measurement of sensitivity in one and the same test procedure. PMID- 6515727 TI - Osteitis of the humerus following BCG vaccination. AB - A 22-month-old Saudi child developed a granulomatous lesion of the left humerus following BCG vaccination in the overlying deltoid area 15 days after birth. The clinical picture, investigations and the histopathology reports are presented. The literature regarding BCG vaccine complications and their frequency is reviewed. PMID- 6515726 TI - Two cases of Poncet's disease. AB - Poncet's disease is a rare polyarthritis occurring in patients with tuberculous infections. We describe two cases of polyarthritis, one secondary to pulmonary tuberculosis, the other secondary to tuberculous infection of the elbow joint. In both cases the arthritis rapidly subsided with chemotherapy. PMID- 6515728 TI - [Stages of assembly and structural forms of histone oligomers-- (H2A-H2B) dimer, (H3-H4)2 tetramer and (H3-H4-H2A-H2B)2 octamer]. AB - The process of dimer (H2A-H2B), tetramer (H3-H4)2 and octamer (H3-H4-H2A-H2B)2 formation was analyzed by the methods of gel-filtration and differential spectrophotometry. Histone octamer with the parameters most close to the native ones is established to be reconstructed only from denaturated monomers at neutral pH. The necessary condition for formation of histone octamer is the stage of tetramer (H3-H4)2 and (H2A-H2B) formation. Histone H3 with intramolecular disulphide bond (formula: see text) does not form tetramer (H3-H4)2 and is not a part of octamer. When passing through the dimer (H3-H4) stage it produces nonspecific high-molecular aggregates. Structural changes preceding the formation of histone octamer may play a significant role for transition of chromatin and nucleosomes into the transcription-active, repressed and other states. PMID- 6515729 TI - [Various characteristics of the protein composition of ribosomes separated from granular membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum of rat liver]. AB - New data on protein composition of endoplasmic reticulum membranes are obtained by PAAG electrophoresis using DS-Na detergent. In preparations of proteins separated from membranes of liver and spleen ribosomes as well as of rat liver after inhibition of protein synthesis by ethionine there were found three additional lacking in free ribosomes of protein fractions with molecular mass 50, 150 and 170 kDa. Their relative content decreases due to isolation of membranes and ribosomes in the medium with high ionic strength as well as due to additional purification using gel-filtration. The mentioned proteins are supposed to belong to the endoplasmic reticulum membranes and not to be organospecific. PMID- 6515730 TI - [Activity of nuclear RNA polymerases in the liver of rats of different ages after phenobarbital administration]. AB - DNA-dependent RNA-polymerases of nuclei isolated from the liver of rats aged 3- and 24 months were studied in different periods after phenobarbital administration. It is shown that 4h after single intraperitoneal injection of the preparation (80 mg per 1 kg of the body mass) to young animals the activity of the RNA-polymerase I rises, it remains higher, the following 12-20 h and then returns to the initial level. The activity of RNA-polymerases II and III under these conditions 16 h later remains higher the following 8 h and 24 h later the activity of the first enzyme returns to the initial value and that of the second one becomes still more. In old rats (24 months) the activity of all three classes of RNA-polymerases is lower than in young ones and increases only 48 h later. Under long-term administration of phenobarbital (40 mg per 1 kg of the body mass daily, 4 days) the activity of RNA-polymerase I was the same as in the intact animals of the corresponding ages and the activity of RNA-polymerases II and III increased both in young and old rats. Single administration of the preparation increases the liver mass in the young animals 24 h later and in the old ones--48 h later. Long-term administration of the preparation enhances its mass both in young and old animals, but its relative increase is more expressed in rats at the age of 3 months. PMID- 6515731 TI - [Subcellular distribution and properties of aldehyde dehydrogenase in the rat liver]. AB - The subcellular distribution and certain properties of rat liver aldehyde dehydrogenase are investigated. The enzyme is shown to be localized in fractions of mitochondria and microsomes. Optimal conditions are chosen for detecting the aldehyde dehydrogenase activity in the mentioned fractions. The enzyme of mitochondrial fraction shows the activity at low (0,03-0.05 mM; isoenzyme I) and high (5 mM; isoenzyme II) concentrations of the substrate. The seeming Km and V of aldehyde dehydrogenase from fractions of mitochondria and microsomes of rat liver are calculated, the acetaldehyde and NAD+ reaction being used as a substrate. PMID- 6515732 TI - [Effect of SH-reagents on aldehyde dehydrogenase activity of the rat liver]. AB - SH-reagents: tetraethylthiuram disulphide (TETD), 5,5'-dithiobisnitrobenzoic acid (DTNB), p-chloromercurybenzoate (p-ChMB), N-ethylmaleimide (NEM) were studied for their effect on the aldehyde dehydrogenase activity of mitochondrion (isoenzymes I and II) and microsome (isoenzyme II) fractions of the rat liver. TETD is established to inhibit isoenzyme I and isoenzyme II activity of mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase by 100 and 50%, respectively, and the microsomal enzyme activity by 20%. DTNB and NEM inhibit 30-50% of the activity in two isoforms of mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase having no effect on the enzymic activity in microsomes; p-ChMB inhibits completely the activity of the enzyme under study both in the mitochondrial and microsomal fractions. A conclusion is drawn that SH groups are very essential for manifestation of the catalytic activity in the NAD+ dependent aldehyde dehydrogenase from mitochondrial and microsomal fractions. PMID- 6515733 TI - [Ion transport in rat liver mitochondria after freezing and thawing]. AB - Induction of ion transport in the rat liver mitochondria arising after their deep freezing is inhibited effectively by adenosine diphosphate, Mg ions, Ca2+ complexons (EDTA, EGTA) as well as by inhibitors of ATPase (oligomycin and dicyclohexylcarbodiimide) and of electrogenic transport of Ca2+ (ruthenium red). The value of ion flows is determined by adenine nucleotide concentration in the matrix. It is supposed that specific inhibitors of ion electrogenic transport promoting an increase in the transmembrane potential prevent from releasing adenine nucleotides from the mitochondrial matrix. PMID- 6515734 TI - [Free amino acids in brain tissue and its subcellular structures in hyperthermia in rats]. AB - Free amino acids reserves in the brain tissue, nuclei and mitochondria were investigated in mongrel albino rats under conditions of hyperthermia (45 degrees C) of different duration--7,20 and 60 min. It was found that reserves of most free amino acids in the albino rat brain decreased under a short-term (7 min) hyperthermia and accumulated under more prolonged (20-60 min) one. The amount of amino acids in the brain mitochondria increased 7 min after the experiment start and decreased 20 min later, then (60 min later) the amount of most amino acids increased considerably. Opposite shifts were detected in the content of most amino acids in nuclei. PMID- 6515735 TI - [Transketolase inhibitors based on disulfide derivatives of oxythiamine with branched hydrocarbon chains]. AB - The experiments on mice have shown that oxythiamine disulphide derivatives with the branched hydrocarbon chains are less toxic in the organism as compared to oxythiamine and corresponding disulphides with the unbranched hydrocarbon chains and also induce a more pronounced inhibition of transketolase in the liver and other tissues. It is found that under the effect of the above substances the recovery of enzymic activity is slower than in the case with the oxythiamine application. PMID- 6515736 TI - [Metabolism of choline-containing phospholipids in microsome fractions of the rat brain in acute radiation injury]. AB - A considerable increase in activation of CDP-dependent pathway of the phosphatidylcholine and sphingomyelin synthesis in the microsomal fraction of rat brain grey matter is established one hour after the acute radiation injury. The level of [14C] choline incorporation into phosphatidyl choline is twice as low under these conditions. PMID- 6515737 TI - [Dynamics of [2-14C]pyruvate incorporation into liver phospholipid fractions in rats consuming water or ethanol]. AB - The animals with preference to ethanol as compared to those with preference to water show an increase in the specific radioactivity of glycerol moiety of liver phosphatidylethanolamine 1 hour and in that of glycerol component of phosphatidylcholine 3 hours after the [2-14C]-pyruvate administration. PMID- 6515738 TI - [Changes in the lipid composition of murine neuroblastoma C 1300 cells during the process of differentiation]. AB - The paper deals with the lipid composition of nondifferentiated cells at the logarithmic and stationary growth phases as well as with differentiated cells of C 1300 neuroblastoma adopted to the Eagle medium. It is shown that phospholipids and cholesterol dominate at the studied growth phases among lipids. Their amount in the differentiation process is thrice as high calculating per cells. The quantity of individual phospholipids changes in different manner during differentiation. The phosphatidylinosite level is higher than of other substances. PMID- 6515740 TI - [Various methodological aspects of biochemistry]. AB - Certain methodological problems of present-day biochemistry are considered. Comprehension of the mechanisms of biochemical processes is shown to be possible on the basis of the structural and functional analysis at the molecular level. Ways of development and use of structural and functional approach to studies of supermolecular structures, cells and organisms on the whole are discussed. PMID- 6515739 TI - [Effect of glucocorticoids and adrenaline on insulin receptors in plasma membranes and nuclear envelopes of the rat liver]. AB - To elucidate the course of regulation of insulin receptors in nuclear envelope and its relationship with insulin receptors in the plasma membrane a comparative study of these receptors in both subcellular fractions was conducted under the influence of the involved cell surface receptor factor. It is found that under adrenalectomy the number of nuclear envelope receptors and degree of their affinity did not increase as this occurs in plasma membrane receptors. Hydrocortisone replacement therapy in these animals lowers the receptor number in the both fractions. Hydrocortisone-induced hypercorticism does not change 125I insulin binding by nuclear envelope but decreases its binding (accounted for the number of receptors and affinity) by the plasma membrane. Under hyperadrenalinemia the number of receptors decreases in the both subcellular fractions. The results suggest no independent regulation of insulin receptors on the surfaces of nuclei and cells. PMID- 6515741 TI - Amphicrine cells. PMID- 6515742 TI - Glycocalyx and glycocalyceal bodies in the respiratory epithelium of nose and bronchi. AB - The goblet cells of the ciliated respiratory epithelium of the human nose and bronchi and the trachea and bronchi of rabbit, rat, and dog have been investigated with respect to their glycocalyx. The human respiratory epithelium and some of the animal epithelia were found to contain so-called glycocalyceal bodies, i.e., spherical bodies or vesicles with a diameter of about 500 A. These bodies resemble those of the absorptive cells in the human colon and rectum, indicating a close similarity between these two cell types. The presence of such bodies and of prominent microvilli with a core structure has been regarded as diagnostic of primary colorectal carcinoma, but such may also be derived from the respiratory epithelium. The number of glycocalyceal bodies and the prominence of the glycocalyx differ from one goblet cell to the other in the epithelium and are hence properties of the individual cells. There are great species-specific differences with respect to the glycocalyceal bodies; thus, the rat has such bodies in brush cells rather than in goblet cells. Evidence is presented that glycocalyceal bodies are real structures rather than artefacts, but their function(s) remains unknown. PMID- 6515743 TI - Ultrastructure of renal glomerular hematoxylin bodies. AB - Hematoxylin bodies are considered to be the only pathognomonic feature of systemic lupus erythematosus. In this paper, the ultrastructure of hematoxylin bodies is described in a patient with active lupus glomerulonephritis. For identification of hematoxylin bodies, electron micrographs at low magnification were compared with hematoxylin-eosin-stained, Epon-embedded sections from the same block. One electron micrograph at low magnification displayed a whole glomerulus. The bodies were then studied under higher magnification. Hematoxylin bodies were usually in and around the mesangial cells or in the monocytes in mesangial areas. The bodies appeared to contain elements of cellular origin, i.e., aggregates of clumped chromatin, degenerated granules, vesicles, and vacuoles. Sometimes they also contained electron-dense substances of the same density as electron-dense deposits in the mesangial and subendothelial areas. PMID- 6515744 TI - Langerhans cells in squamous exocervical carcinoma: a quantitative and ultrastructural study. AB - The gross morphology, density, distribution, and ultrastructure of the Langerhans cell (LC) in the human exocervix in cases of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and incipient carcinoma were investigated. Two zinc-iodide-osmium (ZIO) procedures were applied to epithelial sheets and to tissue sections for light and electron microscopy. The ZIO methods as well as conventional electron microscopy revealed the presence of LCs in CIN, in the invasive prongs, and in the lymphoid infiltrate of the chorion. The epithelial sheets demonstrated a LC density 3.5 times higher than we have previously reported for the normal exocervix. The region around the external os displayed the highest LC density and the most advanced grades of CIN. The LCs were classified into six types according to the number of processes and secondary branches. The most ramified types were more abundant in the neoplastic exocervix than in the normal exocervix. The LC in all locations of the exocervix with carcinoma showed hypertrophy of the rough and smooth endoplasmic reticula and a large number of filaments. The RER displayed dilated cisternae containing electron-dense material. Specialized contacts between LCs and lymphocytes were an outstanding finding. These findings suggest that the LC might play an important role in the neoplastic process. PMID- 6515745 TI - An uncommon ovarian tumor. PMID- 6515746 TI - "Viral" intranuclear inclusions. PMID- 6515747 TI - An ultrastructural study of intranuclear rodlets in a malignant extracranial neuroepithelial neoplasms. PMID- 6515748 TI - [Reiter's syndrome. A review and an illustrative case report]. PMID- 6515749 TI - [Recent diagnostic methods in genuine hydronephrosis]. PMID- 6515750 TI - [The diagnostic value of bone scintigraphy in acute hematogenic osteomyelitis and purulent arthritis in childhood]. PMID- 6515751 TI - [Surgical complications in connection with the implantation of permanent pacemakers. 19 years experience with 910 patients]. PMID- 6515752 TI - [The preventive effect of methenamine hippurate (Haiprex) on urinary infections after short-term catheterization. A clinical study]. PMID- 6515753 TI - [Testicular torsion in a neonate]. PMID- 6515755 TI - [Schwartz-Bartter syndrome in cerebral apoplexy and indomethacin therapy]. PMID- 6515756 TI - [Acute medicinal and alcoholic poisoning in the City of Copenhagen. 692 admissions to the Copenhagen Municipal hospital in 1980]. PMID- 6515754 TI - [Acute renal failure following ingestion of Spanish fly. Cantharidine poisoning]. PMID- 6515757 TI - [Occurrence of giant cell arteritis in a Danish county]. PMID- 6515758 TI - [The indoor climate in schools. Otolaryngologic study of teachers from an older school without and a modern school with indoor climate]. PMID- 6515759 TI - [Complications of delivery following normal pregnancy in clinics]. PMID- 6515760 TI - [Post partum thyroiditis--an overlooked disease? Literature review and 4 case reports]. PMID- 6515761 TI - [Extravisceral soft tissue sarcomas. The need for centralization of diagnosis and treatment assessed on the basis of 261 cases]. PMID- 6515762 TI - [Abdominal aortic aneurysms with rupture or threatening rupture. A diagnostic pitfall?]. PMID- 6515763 TI - [Munchhausen's syndrome. A retrospective account of the resources employed]. PMID- 6515764 TI - [Colon cancer with unusual commencement]. PMID- 6515765 TI - [Traumatic rupture of the pericardium complicated by dislocation of the heart]. PMID- 6515766 TI - [Forgotten coil as the cause of infertility]. PMID- 6515767 TI - [Recurrent severe stomatitis in Behcet's syndrome]. PMID- 6515768 TI - [Medical or surgical treatment of complete occlusion of one renal artery?]. PMID- 6515769 TI - [Paracetamol poisoning. Specific treatment with methionine or N-acetylcysteine?]. PMID- 6515770 TI - [Ultrastructural histopathology of scleroderma]. PMID- 6515771 TI - [Collagen metabolites in the urine in patients with generalized scleroderma]. PMID- 6515772 TI - [Glycosaminoglycans in localized scleroderma]. PMID- 6515773 TI - [Measurement of central cornea thickness in systemic scleroderma]. PMID- 6515774 TI - [Measurement of the mobility of a finger joint in systemic scleroderma patients using a new protractor]. PMID- 6515775 TI - [Radiographic findings in systemic scleroderma]. PMID- 6515776 TI - [Progressive systemic sclerosis (scleroderma) of the esophagus. A radiologic assessment]. PMID- 6515778 TI - [Piperacillin (Ivacin)]. PMID- 6515779 TI - [The physician's notification of occupational injuries. I. Legislation]. PMID- 6515777 TI - [Progressive systemic sclerosis (scleroderma) of the esophagus. Manometry and pH monitoring]. PMID- 6515781 TI - [High hematocrit. A review over the most important forms of erythrocytosis]. PMID- 6515780 TI - [The health nurse's notification forms as an assessment tool]. PMID- 6515782 TI - [Endurance training and menstruation]. PMID- 6515783 TI - [Chest pain in general practice]. PMID- 6515784 TI - [Consequences of ventricular radiographic examination in patients under the age of 40]. PMID- 6515785 TI - [Torsion of the uterus with placental separation]. PMID- 6515786 TI - [Neonatal seizures in maternal clomipramine treatment. Cyclic antidepressives and pregnancy]. PMID- 6515787 TI - [Scapula alata induced by karate]. PMID- 6515788 TI - [Pyogenic granuloma]. PMID- 6515789 TI - [Disease caused by an airconditioner in a printing office]. PMID- 6515791 TI - [Knee alloplasty. Status in 211 cases after 2 years observation]. PMID- 6515790 TI - [The prognostic significance of a homonymous visual field defect in patients with cerebral infarction]. PMID- 6515792 TI - [Multiple joint reconstructions in rheumatic patients]. PMID- 6515793 TI - [Sound transmission in the human tibia. A study of fracture healing with the acoustic percussion technic]. PMID- 6515794 TI - [Complicated panaris. Follow-up study of 97 cases of tendon, articular and osteopanaris]. PMID- 6515795 TI - [Appendectomy. A comparative study of 2 surgical methods]. PMID- 6515796 TI - [Hyperglycinemia during transurethral resection of the prostate with glycine as the irrigating fluid]. PMID- 6515797 TI - [Punch biopsy of the skin]. PMID- 6515798 TI - [Self-determination of blood glucose with Visidex reagent strips]. PMID- 6515799 TI - [Antithrombin III deficiency in the nephrotic syndrome. Threatened thrombosis treated with fresh plasma]. PMID- 6515800 TI - [Acute traumatic pancreatitis with thromboembolic complications. Physiopathological aspects]. PMID- 6515801 TI - [Hoigne's syndrome. A possible cause of collapse following parenteral administration of penicillin]. PMID- 6515802 TI - [Pulmonary and pleural adverse effects of drugs. An analysis of 260 cases reported to the Adverse Effects Committee]. PMID- 6515803 TI - [Social conditions and drinking patterns in alcoholics]. PMID- 6515804 TI - [Storage mites as a cause of housing or occupational allergy]. PMID- 6515805 TI - [Surgical treatment of late intestinal injuries due to irradiation]. PMID- 6515806 TI - [Nerve grafting with a fibrin seal]. PMID- 6515807 TI - [Care of colostomies by irrigation]. PMID- 6515808 TI - [Regulation of peripheral circulation during cigarette smoking]. PMID- 6515809 TI - [Employment of a hemiplegia sling in cerebral apoplexy]. PMID- 6515810 TI - [Acute hip disease in children. Diagnostic deliberations]. PMID- 6515811 TI - [Swallowed tooth root file]. PMID- 6515812 TI - [Bilharziasis as the cause of incapacitating pulmonary disease]. PMID- 6515814 TI - [Chinese health services after the cultural revolution. Impressions from a visit by a Danish medical delegation]. PMID- 6515813 TI - [Pneumoperitoneum following accidental administration of oxygen via a gastric tube]. PMID- 6515815 TI - [Alcohol-induced disease in a Greenland hospital district]. PMID- 6515816 TI - [Aprosody. Comprehension and expression of the emotional characterization of the spoken language after injuries to the right (non-dominant) hemisphere]. PMID- 6515817 TI - [Contusion of the heart assessed by an increase in creatine kinase B]. PMID- 6515818 TI - [Tibial exostosis. A rare cause of unilateral intermittent claudication]. PMID- 6515819 TI - [Silver sulfadiazine (Flamazine). An antibacterial agent in the local prevention and therapy of burn wound infections]. PMID- 6515820 TI - [Health consequences of the use of mineral wool products in housing and industrial buildings]. PMID- 6515821 TI - [Pancreatic cancer in Denmark 1943-1980. Neoplasms statistics 10]. PMID- 6515822 TI - [Lung cancer in the municipality of Strandby and the rest of Fredrikshavn. 1968 1984]. PMID- 6515823 TI - [Research activity in the primary health care system]. PMID- 6515824 TI - [Experience with a new implantable system for repeated intravenous access]. PMID- 6515825 TI - [Luxation of the proximal tibio-fibular joint]. PMID- 6515826 TI - [Monosymptomatic hematuria]. PMID- 6515827 TI - [Dog bites. Material from a casualty department]. PMID- 6515828 TI - [Ender nailing of pertrochanteric fractures]. PMID- 6515829 TI - [Amiodarone in antiarrhythmic therapy]. PMID- 6515830 TI - [Amiodarone-induced alveolitis]. PMID- 6515831 TI - [Acute retention of urine in a child]. PMID- 6515832 TI - [Hemorrhage of a corpus luteum cyst following gynecologic examination]. PMID- 6515834 TI - [Vaginal cytological examination in the County of Arhus. Extent of screening in a county without a systematic screening program]. PMID- 6515833 TI - [Unrecognized eclampsia after delivery]. PMID- 6515835 TI - [Attitudes of general practitioners to the use of vaginal cytological examination in the County of Arhus]. PMID- 6515836 TI - [Accidents caused by up-and-over doors]. PMID- 6515837 TI - [Accidents with electronic sliding doors]. PMID- 6515838 TI - [Home measurement of blood glucose. Deliberation before the introduction of the test as part of the treatment]. PMID- 6515839 TI - [Determination of B-hemoglobin and B-glucose in general practice. A qualitative evaluation]. PMID- 6515840 TI - [Home measurement of blood glucose. A qualitative evaluation]. PMID- 6515841 TI - [Zinc chloride smoke poisoning following the use of smoke ammunition]. PMID- 6515842 TI - [Pulmonary edema following skin absorption of an insecticide bought over the counter]. PMID- 6515843 TI - [Tibial adamantinoma]. PMID- 6515844 TI - [Bilateral rupture of the knee extensor mechanism in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 6515845 TI - [Locked knee caused by synovial plicae]. PMID- 6515847 TI - [Cephalosporins]. PMID- 6515846 TI - [Hypertension. Diagnosis and treatment]. PMID- 6515848 TI - [The expectations and wishes of elderly patients concerning general practice]. PMID- 6515849 TI - [Occupational accidents and drugs dangerous in traffic]. PMID- 6515850 TI - [Chemicals in everyday life--ethanolamines]. PMID- 6515851 TI - [Occurrence of cancer in the county of Frederiksborg and its statistic analysis]. PMID- 6515852 TI - [The probability ratio principle in the evaluation of diagnostic test results]. PMID- 6515853 TI - [Clinical aspects of multicentre studies]. PMID- 6515854 TI - [Treatment of synovitis of the knee joint]. PMID- 6515855 TI - [The hypereosinophilic syndrome]. PMID- 6515856 TI - [Prognosis after total forefoot amputation. Mortality, stump survival, gait function and placement after discharge]. PMID- 6515857 TI - [Myxedema psychosis]. PMID- 6515858 TI - [Water intoxication in psychogenic polydipsia]. PMID- 6515860 TI - [Herpes zoster in infants]. PMID- 6515859 TI - [The transurethral resection syndrome treated with dopamine]. PMID- 6515861 TI - [The life style of pregnant women. A pilot project on diet, alcohol and tobacco]. PMID- 6515862 TI - [Treatment of basal cell carcinoma of the skin]. PMID- 6515864 TI - [Significance of routine intravenous urography for the control of patients with bladder tumors]. PMID- 6515863 TI - [A possible clinical application of doxapram (Dopram). A new respiratory stimulant]. PMID- 6515865 TI - [Acute renal failure after intravenous urography in diabetics with severe nephropathy]. PMID- 6515866 TI - [Herpetic gingivo-stomatitis. A retrospective study of 34 patients]. PMID- 6515867 TI - [The IgA deficiency syndrome in children]. PMID- 6515868 TI - [Calcification of the intervertebral disk in children]. PMID- 6515869 TI - [Doxapram (Dopram)]. PMID- 6515870 TI - [The health status of the youngest school children. A study of 486 children from the kindergarten and first classes in the district of Karlebo during the 1982-83 school year]. PMID- 6515871 TI - [Right hemisphere symptoms and poor social prognosis, is this the result of the symptoms alone?]. PMID- 6515872 TI - [The possible mutagenic effects of cytostatics on nurses in an oncology department]. PMID- 6515873 TI - [The importance of the narrowing of the foramina in cervical root compression]. PMID- 6515874 TI - [Antenatal fetal death]. PMID- 6515875 TI - [Prolonged intrauterine retention of the dead fetus]. PMID- 6515876 TI - [Combined high doses of dopamine and nitroprusside in the treatment of cardiogenic shock]. PMID- 6515877 TI - [Interrupted aortic arch. An operable condition]. PMID- 6515878 TI - [Compulsory institutionalization of patients with senile dementia]. PMID- 6515879 TI - [Utilization of general practitioners in the county of Copenhagen by the adult population 1977-1979 illustrated by the health insurance register. The contact population accumulated over a 3-year period]. PMID- 6515880 TI - [Clinical sexology in Denmark. Status and ideas toward new sex hygiene politics]. PMID- 6515881 TI - [Cardiovascular disease mortality in Denmark before and after the introduction of oral contraceptives]. PMID- 6515882 TI - [Prolactin-secreting hypophyseal adenomas. Occurrence, etiology, diagnosis and treatment]. PMID- 6515883 TI - [Familial hyperkalemic periodic paralysis]. PMID- 6515884 TI - [Terbutaline treatment of familial hyperkalemic periodic paralysis]. PMID- 6515885 TI - [Prosthesis infection in vascular surgery]. PMID- 6515886 TI - [Bacteriological aspects of treatment with epidural morphine]. PMID- 6515888 TI - [Malignant lymphoma of the nasal cavity]. PMID- 6515887 TI - [Extremely low placental lactogenic hormone with delivery of a normal child]. PMID- 6515889 TI - [Gallstone-induced colonic ileus]. PMID- 6515890 TI - [The pill and thrombosis]. PMID- 6515891 TI - [Pregnancy and long-term hospitalization. A study of the influence of hospitalization on psychologic and social conditions]. PMID- 6515892 TI - [Limitation of the duration of the maintenance allowance. A description of 88 prolonged maintenance allowance cases in the county of Odense]. PMID- 6515893 TI - [The disease pattern on a coastal inspection ship sailing around the coast of Greenland]. PMID- 6515894 TI - [Harmful effects of drugs. Liability of the manufacturers against insurance claims for damages]. PMID- 6515895 TI - [Multiple injuries caused by exemption from the compulsory use of seat belt]. PMID- 6515896 TI - [Atypical thyrotoxicosis]. PMID- 6515898 TI - [Rectal prolapse treated operatively by the Pemperton-Stalker method]. PMID- 6515899 TI - [Microaggregate-poor blood used as leukocyte-poor blood]. PMID- 6515897 TI - [Nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome. A family study]. PMID- 6515900 TI - [Complications in wearing earrings]. PMID- 6515901 TI - [Fluid loss in toxic epidermal necrolysis]. PMID- 6515902 TI - [Solitary malignant schwannoma]. PMID- 6515903 TI - [Radiation-induced necrosis of the laryngeal cartilages]. PMID- 6515904 TI - [Traumatic arteriovenous fistula of the lower limb]. PMID- 6515905 TI - [Asphalt exposure as the cause of skin cancer]. PMID- 6515906 TI - [Relation between speech dominance and handedness]. PMID- 6515907 TI - [Multi-axial diagnosis of sexual dysfunction. A new model]. PMID- 6515908 TI - [Erection dysfunction illustrated by multi-axial diagnosis]. PMID- 6515909 TI - [Effect of graduated low-compression T.E.D. stockings in patients with varicose veins]. PMID- 6515910 TI - [Wegener's granulomatosis with pulmonary onset]. PMID- 6515911 TI - [Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia with pulmonary arteriovenous fistula]. PMID- 6515912 TI - [Giant condyloma acuminatum or Buschke-Lowenstein's tumor. Description of a case localized to the rectum]. PMID- 6515913 TI - [Atheromatous embolism. "Blue toe"]. PMID- 6515914 TI - [Neonatal herpes simplex virus infection treated with acyclovir]. PMID- 6515915 TI - [Digital subtraction angiography, translumbal and transfemoral arteriography]. PMID- 6515916 TI - [Acyclovir (Zovirax). A new antiviral agent against herpes infections]. PMID- 6515917 TI - [A casualty department study in the western part of the county of Frederiksborg. I. Registration of the number of contacts]. PMID- 6515918 TI - [A casualty department study in the western part of the county of Frederiksborg. II. Accident epidemiology]. PMID- 6515919 TI - [Hanging accidents in children caused by the construction of play apparatus]. PMID- 6515920 TI - [Blowpipe cutting and dementia]. PMID- 6515921 TI - [Angina pectoris. I]. PMID- 6515922 TI - [Angina pectoris. II. Epidemiology, clinical features and treatment]. PMID- 6515923 TI - [Perforation of the esophagus with a flexible endoscope]. PMID- 6515924 TI - [Lipoma in the uterine tube. Is it an rarity--or an overlooked condition?]. PMID- 6515925 TI - [The value of routine cardiotocography during induced labor]. PMID- 6515926 TI - [Aorto-iliac reconstructions. Factors influencing the results and complications]. PMID- 6515927 TI - [Seat belts and the fracture of the fetal skull]. PMID- 6515928 TI - [Gonococcal arthritis in middle aged patients]. PMID- 6515929 TI - [Septic arthritis and osteomyelitis resulting from human bites]. PMID- 6515931 TI - [Thermogenesis and obesity. Pathogenetic and therapeutic deliberations]. PMID- 6515930 TI - [Injection addicts in the County of Vejle. III. Treatment]. PMID- 6515932 TI - [Treatment and prevention of obesity. How should we assign the roles?]. PMID- 6515933 TI - [The liver in untreated and treated obesity]. PMID- 6515934 TI - [Ambulatory treatment of obesity with only dietary advice]. PMID- 6515935 TI - [Fournier's gangrene]. PMID- 6515937 TI - [Zinc--physiological and pathological aspects]. PMID- 6515936 TI - [Day and night contact lenses. A comparative study]. PMID- 6515938 TI - [Zinc levels in alcoholics during disulfiram treatment]. PMID- 6515939 TI - [Angioscintigraphy of the iliac arteries. Diagnostic value and observer variation]. PMID- 6515940 TI - [Cystic angiomatosis of bone]. PMID- 6515942 TI - [Erythromycin]. PMID- 6515941 TI - [Morgagni's hernia as a cause of postoperative mechanical ileus]. PMID- 6515943 TI - [Smoking. A nationwide study among 3500 young people in senior schools and during the first year in technical colleges]. PMID- 6515944 TI - [Smoking habits among women aged 15 to 45 in 1983]. PMID- 6515945 TI - [Panoramic tomography of the mandible in familial polyposis coli]. PMID- 6515946 TI - [Congestive cardiomyopathy]. PMID- 6515947 TI - [Pneumococcal meningitis in children]. PMID- 6515948 TI - [Peroperative choledochoscopy]. PMID- 6515949 TI - [Evaluation of disposable and re-usable scalp electrodes]. PMID- 6515950 TI - [Talo-crural joint. Ankle joint deformity in patients with foot deformities and differences in the length of the legs]. PMID- 6515951 TI - [Arteritis in the vermiform appendix. Report of a case interpreted as acute appendicitis]. PMID- 6515952 TI - [The possible mutagenic effect of cytostatics on nurses at an oncologic department]. PMID- 6515953 TI - [Evaluation of a psychotherapeutic treatment program]. PMID- 6515954 TI - [Group therapy in a general psychiatric department. Description of a treatment program]. PMID- 6515955 TI - [The handling of milk at a human milk bank. Hygienic and bacteriologic considerations]. PMID- 6515956 TI - [Urticaria in general practice. I. Onset, duration and reasons for seeking advice]. PMID- 6515957 TI - [Urticaria in general practice. II. The course of the consultation and treatment]. PMID- 6515958 TI - [Urinary incontinence in women]. PMID- 6515959 TI - [Ipsilateral femoral fractures after hip alloplasty using the Partridge method]. PMID- 6515960 TI - [Reduction in thrombocyte volume and thrombocyte count in liver disease]. PMID- 6515961 TI - [Pool bathing during labor. Preliminary communication]. PMID- 6515962 TI - [Bilateral breast metastasis from a primary uveal melanoma]. PMID- 6515963 TI - [The significance of profundaplasty. Proximal femoral gangrene despite central and peripheral arterial reconstruction to establish patency]. PMID- 6515964 TI - [Knee luxation treated by alloplasty]. PMID- 6515965 TI - [Dobutamine (Dobutrex)]. PMID- 6515966 TI - [Physical inactivity among young adults. An interview of the health activities in 917 individuals aged 25-44 years]. PMID- 6515967 TI - [Headache and mucosal discomfort in Denmark. Occurrence in relation to housing and occupational conditions]. PMID- 6515968 TI - [Cancer in childhood in Denmark 1943-1980. Cancer statistics No. 11]. PMID- 6515969 TI - [Treatment of Staphylococcus aureus endocarditis and septicemia]. PMID- 6515970 TI - [Tonsillectomy. A retrospective study of the admission pattern and complications]. PMID- 6515972 TI - [Twin pregnancies. Obstetric and neonatal problems]. PMID- 6515971 TI - [Reconstructive arterial surgery. 158 consecutive patients treated operatively over a 5-year period]. PMID- 6515973 TI - [Long-term registration of respiration by means of impedance pneumography]. PMID- 6515974 TI - [Lymphogranuloma venereum]. PMID- 6515975 TI - [Geographical differences in cervix cytology screening and the incidence of cervix cancer 1943-1982]. PMID- 6515976 TI - [Cervix cancer and cervical prenecroses in Denmark 1943-1982. Cancer statistics No. 12]. PMID- 6515977 TI - Health for all by the year 2000--HFA 2000. Regional targets in support of the regional strategy for health for all. PMID- 6515978 TI - [Alkaline phosphatase as a tumor marker in renal adenocarcinoma]. PMID- 6515979 TI - [Monitoring of evoked potentials in neurosurgery and anesthesia]. PMID- 6515980 TI - [The eosinophilic granulocyte. Cellular characterization, migration modulating factors and function]. PMID- 6515981 TI - [Soap colitis. The usage of soap enemas in the county of Ribe]. PMID- 6515982 TI - [Identification of chorionic villi with the saline test]. PMID- 6515983 TI - [Stress fractures]. PMID- 6515984 TI - [Friction fractures during sport]. PMID- 6515985 TI - [Stress fractures of the tibia in runners]. PMID- 6515986 TI - [Aspergillosis of the maxillary sinus]. PMID- 6515988 TI - [Nobel prize in medicine/physiology 1984]. PMID- 6515987 TI - [Generalized seizure following etomidate anesthesia]. PMID- 6515989 TI - [Safety belts and fetal fractures of the cranium]. PMID- 6515990 TI - [Non-glycoside positive inotropic agents. Mechanism of action and clinical use]. PMID- 6515991 TI - [Cardiogenic shock. Survival and intensive medical treatment]. PMID- 6515992 TI - [Long-term survival after myocardial infarction with complicating cardiogenic shock]. PMID- 6515993 TI - [Prenatal evaluation of fetal lung maturity by measuring the optical density of amniotic fluid]. PMID- 6515994 TI - [Lesions of the vertebral bodies in otherwise stable columnar fractures]. PMID- 6515995 TI - [Thyroglossal cysts and fistulas. A follow-up studies of 32 patients]. PMID- 6515996 TI - [Hemodynamic conditions in patients with uremia. Conventional hemodialysis treatment and alternative therapeutic methods]. PMID- 6515997 TI - [Radiation-induced colorectal cancer. A review and 4 case reports]. PMID- 6515998 TI - [Colonic diverticulitis with retroperitoneal perforation]. PMID- 6515999 TI - [Congenital bilateral radio-ulnar synostosis]. PMID- 6516000 TI - [Motorcycle accidents. I. An epidemiological description]. PMID- 6516001 TI - [Motorcycle accidents. II. Wounds and treatment]. PMID- 6516002 TI - [Ventricular tachycardia. Electrophysiologic principles and medical and surgical treatment]. PMID- 6516003 TI - [Boutonneuse fever--Marseilles fever. An imported rickettsiosis]. PMID- 6516004 TI - [Lactoferrin and the pancreas. Physiology and physiopathology]. PMID- 6516005 TI - [Lactoferrin. Chemistry, presence and biological effects]. PMID- 6516006 TI - [2-dimensional echocardiographic evaluation of left ventricular dyssynergy after acute myocardial infarction]. PMID- 6516007 TI - [Chest injuries in Copenhagen. Patients admitted directly to a department of thoracic surgery]. PMID- 6516008 TI - [Chondrosarcoma. The initial symptomatology, therapeutic delay and prognosis based on 31 cases]. PMID- 6516009 TI - [Bilateral tubal pregnancy]. PMID- 6516010 TI - [Use of hashish among young people. A nationwide study of 3500 young people]. PMID- 6516011 TI - [Etiologic factors of epilepsy in children]. PMID- 6516012 TI - [An anamnesis questionnaire sent to patients before admission--autonosography]. PMID- 6516013 TI - [Health economics--a minor science of decision making?]. PMID- 6516014 TI - [Auscultatory measurement of blood pressure. Recommendations from the Danish Hypertension Association]. PMID- 6516015 TI - [Malrotation. Clinical and radiological findings]. PMID- 6516016 TI - [Ulnar nerve compression syndromes of the hand]. PMID- 6516018 TI - [Control after radical operation for colorectal cancer]. PMID- 6516017 TI - [Injuries caused by fireworks, New Year 1983/84. Case material from a casualty department]. PMID- 6516019 TI - [Dislocated fractures of the olecranon treated with osteosynthesis]. PMID- 6516020 TI - [Acute cardiac failure precipitated by anesthesia and surgery in patients treated with adriamycin]. PMID- 6516021 TI - [Fracture of the femur associated with ipsilateral hip replacement. A complication of hip replacement]. PMID- 6516022 TI - [Prosthesis fracture complicating knee arthroplasty using the Marmor method]. PMID- 6516023 TI - [Inverse malrotation combined with partial situs inversus]. PMID- 6516024 TI - [Spontaneous rupture of an enterocele with prolapse of the small intestine]. PMID- 6516025 TI - [Mass psychogenic illness at work places]. PMID- 6516026 TI - [Allergy to laboratory rats]. PMID- 6516027 TI - [Leukemia in Denmark 1943-1980. Cancer statistics No. 13]. PMID- 6516028 TI - [Classification of fractures of the proximal end of the humerus following prognostic and therapeutic aspects]. AB - The classification of the proximal humeral fractures according to the four segment concept of Neer has proven to be very useful. It not only considers the fracture itself but also lesions of the soft tissue. Adapting Neer's concept we propose a modified classification of the proximal humeral fractures which we believe is clearer and more practicable. This classification is illustrated by means of drawings and typical roentgenograms. The description of the different fracture-types includes the mean characteristics such as fragment-displacement, status of the rotator cuff and blood circulation to the head segment. PMID- 6516029 TI - [Operative treatment of proximal humerus fractures in children and adolescents- indications, technic, late results]. AB - The good prognosis of proximal humeral fractures in children and adolescents is explained by the anatomy of the shoulder and the physiology of the proximal humeral epiphysis. The treatment of these injuries therefore is mainly conservative. Based on the results of 24 patients operated between 1970 and 1980 a therapeutic concept concerning indication, timing and operative technique is proposed. PMID- 6516030 TI - [Surgical indications and choice of procedure in distal radius fractures--wire, plates, external fixation]. AB - The treatment of the typical fracture of the radius is predominantly conservative. Unstable fractures, bending fractures and open fractures will receive operative treatment. Hereby Kirschner wires, blade plates and screws are applied for osteosynthesis. Heavy comminuted fractures were stabilized, besides by minimal osteosynthesis, by a mini-external fixation unit. The results of operative treatment in the Unfallchirurgische Klinik Giessen were in 50% excellent and good, in 38% satisfactory and in 12% bad. The main complications were disturbances of sensibility in the area of the superficial branch of the radial nerve. PMID- 6516031 TI - [Indications and results in shortening osteotomy of the ulna]. AB - A relatively or absolutely too long ulna leads always to pain in the wrist, so that a compensation in length of both forearmbones is achieved by shortening osteotomy. The gradual ulna shortening osteotomy, the stylectomy and the resection of the caput ulnae with or without radius transposition osteotomy are available as shortening operation. In 17 patients of the Giessener Unfallchirurgischen Klinik we performed in 14 cases a shortening osteotomy of the ulna and in 3 cases a resection of the caput ulnae. The shortening osteotomy lead in all cases to a reduction of complaints and to an improvement of the mobility of the wrist. Due to frequent arthropathy the resection of the caput ulnae should be taken more often into consideration in older people. PMID- 6516032 TI - [Risks in practice partnership between physicians]. PMID- 6516033 TI - [Tendon rupture as a complication after osteosynthesis of distal radius]. AB - Close contact between extensor and flexor tendons to the bone structure of the wrist and distal radius shaft implies the possibility of alteration concerning the tendons' slide way and tensile direction in case of osteosynthesis in this region. Even a slightly damaged screw is mechanically capable of irritation and can be made responsible for a scrub-necrosis of an above tendon. The metal implant has to be selected in consideration of both the demands of the fracture and a free and natural tendons pathway. This is discussed by means of two implant induced scrub necroses of the long pollex extensor and flexor tendon. PMID- 6516034 TI - [Various forms of unstable pelvic ring injuries and their treatment]. PMID- 6516035 TI - [A new drill template for the operative treatment of injuries of the anterior cruciate ligament]. PMID- 6516036 TI - [Therapy related classification of lateral clavicular fracture]. PMID- 6516037 TI - [Isolated fracture of the posterior distal tibial margin, the so-called posterior "Volkmann triangle"]. PMID- 6516038 TI - [Functional knee empyema treatment]. PMID- 6516039 TI - [Radiologic diagnosis of post-traumatic sequelae following vertebral fractures. Conventional roentgen diagnosis or computer tomography?]. PMID- 6516041 TI - [Ureteral complications of endometriosis]. PMID- 6516040 TI - [Endoscopic sphincterotomy: an alternative in the treatment of choledocholithiasis]. PMID- 6516042 TI - [Staphylococcus aureus colonization in the newborn infant]. PMID- 6516043 TI - [Prevention of tuberculosis in 1984]. PMID- 6516044 TI - [Arthroscopy of the knee at the Laval City of Health]. PMID- 6516045 TI - [Comparison of the costs of surgical treatment with or without hospitalization]. PMID- 6516046 TI - [Testicular torsion in the adult]. PMID- 6516047 TI - [Rehabilitation: a concern of the multidisciplinary team]. PMID- 6516048 TI - [Hypogammaglobulinemias in children: update]. PMID- 6516049 TI - [Second-line chemotherapy of ovarian cancer]. PMID- 6516050 TI - [An outbreak of pulmonary histoplasmosis among Quebec speleologists in Mexico]. PMID- 6516051 TI - [The regionalization of obstetrical services in the Montreal metropolitan area]. PMID- 6516052 TI - [Phlebo: yes...no...may be]. PMID- 6516053 TI - [In extremis healing of disseminated cancer transmuted into curable tuberculosis]. PMID- 6516054 TI - [Malignant pleural mesothelioma: clinical aspects and results of treatment]. PMID- 6516055 TI - [Mortality in trauma patients]. PMID- 6516056 TI - [Medical treatment of cholesterol biliary lithiasis]. PMID- 6516057 TI - [Chest pain of esophageal origin]. PMID- 6516058 TI - [Infectious Clostridium difficile diarrhea]. PMID- 6516059 TI - [Infectious bacterial diarrhea: update and new agents]. PMID- 6516060 TI - [Prevention and medical treatment of symptomatic gastroesophageal reflux]. PMID- 6516061 TI - [Liver attacks]. PMID- 6516062 TI - [Therapeutic attitude toward the new cephalosporins]. PMID- 6516064 TI - The role of the prostanoid system in mediating the haemodynamic effects of dihydroergotamine. AB - Dihydroergotamine (DHE) increases tonus in veins, especially in capacitance vessels, thereby reducing blood pooling and increasing venous blood flow velocity and it has been suggested that DHE achieves its effect partially through its influence on prostanoids synthesis and release. Pretreatment with indomethacin did not affect DHE response in central haemodynamic variables or in tissue blood flow in dogs; nor did it affect the reduced venous vessel area, increased blood flow in dogs; nor did it affect the reduced venous vessel area, increased venous blood flow velocity (measured ultrasonically), or reduced resting calf volume blood flow (measured by plethysmography), caused by DHE in humans. Although the number of animals and of humans in this study were small, nontheless it seems unlikely that the effect of clinically relevant doses of DHE is appreciably mediated by the prostanoid system. PMID- 6516063 TI - Effect of methysergide pretreatment on thrombin-induced pulmonary oedema in the rat. AB - Microembolic pulmonary oedema was induced by injection of thrombin (500 NIH units/kg body weight) i.v. in rats in which fibrinolysis had been inhibited by pretreatment with trans-4-aminomethyl-cyclohexanoid-carboxylic acid (AMCA). To evaluate the role of serotonin in this condition the effect of pretreatment with the antiserotonin compound methysergide (2.5 mg/kg body weight) on the amount of pulmonary oedema was studied. Pretreatment with methysergide resulted in a 20% decrease in lung weight in thrombin-treated rats. It caused a significant reduction of dilated lymph vessels, and of interstitial and alveolar oedema, as evaluated morphometrically. Methysergide pretreatment did not significantly alter the number of degranulated mast cells. Antiserotonin is thought to exert its effect by lowering the filtration pressure in the pulmonary microcirculation. PMID- 6516065 TI - Reevaluation of home urine glucose measurements in diabetic children. A computerized study of short-term control variables in the prediction of long-term diabetic control. AB - The relationship between ClinitestR home control results and HbAI and triglycerides was analyzed by a computerized optimizing procedure. The morning urine glucose excretions in the 10 preceding weeks were strongly correlated with HbAI as were the evening excretions, while the afternoon records showed only weak correlations with HbAI. Maximal correlations between home glucose records and HbAI were achieved when mornings and evenings were added, with higher weights given to the mornings. The practical consequences are that home urine test results in the mornings and evenings are of most value when adding home scores for assessment of long-term diabetic control, whereas afternoon records should be ignored for this purpose. Serum triglycerides were correlated with glucose excretion during the week of triglyceride determination, but not with glucose excretion measured in the preceding weeks. Serum cholesterol did not reflect diabetic control at all. PMID- 6516066 TI - Evaluation of possible spinal neurotoxicity of clonidine. AB - An experimental investigation was carried out concerning the potential neurotoxic effects of clonidine. For this purpose intrathecal or extradural catheters were implanted in dogs. Clonidine at a dose level of 25 micrograms/kg or 12.5 micrograms/kg, or placebo, was then administrated via the catheter once daily for 14 consecutive days. The spinal cord and the nerve roots were then taken for neuropathological analysis. Observation of the neurological behaviour of the animals and the results of the morphological investigation support the conclusion that clonidine under these circumstances does not have any significant neurotoxic effects. PMID- 6516067 TI - Pyridoxal phosphate, tryptophan, and tyrosine in blood and cerebrospinal fluid in elderly patients. AB - In a material of 74 elderly patients with cerebral symptoms, most of them on account of atherosclerosis, deficiency of pyridoxal phosphate is uncommon: only ten had extremely low plasma levels. Nine of the patients had rather high levels of serum tryptophan. This might depend upon poor metabolization when pyridoxal phosphate is available in insufficient supply. In addition mean values are given for tryptophan, tyrosin and serotonin in this group of patients. PMID- 6516068 TI - Plasma pyridoxal phosphate in women taking oral contraceptives since at least five years. PMID- 6516069 TI - [Transverse ureterolithotomy]. PMID- 6516070 TI - [Role and evaluation of radiometry using 32P in the diagnosis of cancer of the prostate]. PMID- 6516071 TI - [Function of the kidneys and urinary tract after surgical treatment of sclerosis of the prostate gland]. PMID- 6516072 TI - [Use of a stent in surgical procedures on the kidney and urinary tract]. PMID- 6516073 TI - [Vesico-ureteral reflux in children]. PMID- 6516074 TI - [Intraoperative calycopyeloscopy]. PMID- 6516075 TI - [Hemospermia: topical and etiologic diagnosis]. PMID- 6516076 TI - [Role of hemodynamic factors in potency disorders in men]. PMID- 6516077 TI - [Bone and soft tissue damage in patients with chronic renal failure during treatment by systematic hemodialysis]. PMID- 6516078 TI - [Clinico-diagnostic and pathogenetic significance of lipid peroxidation in interstitial nephritis in children]. PMID- 6516080 TI - [Enteroplasty of a ureter after a gunshot wound]. PMID- 6516079 TI - [Features of proteinuria in the differential diagnosis of latent pyelonephritis and glomerulonephritis]. PMID- 6516081 TI - [Diagnosis of the functional reversibility of chronic obstructive nephropathy]. PMID- 6516082 TI - The renal parenchymal stone: a benign calcified renal mass. AB - Five patients are described, each with a densely calcified solitary mass in a peripheral location in the kidney. There was exophytic projection of the calcification in 4 cases. Three lesions were so completely calcified as to be regarded as stones. The bulk of the lesion was calcified in the 2 other cases, in which the noncalcified portion was either avascular or hypovascular. In no case was there evidence of a soft-tissue mass extending beyond the confines of the calcification. Pathologic correlation in 1 case showed only calcification in association with some renal scarring, and in a second case demonstrated an old organized and calcified abscess. Long-term follow-up in the other 3 cases has demonstrated complete stability without evidence of tumor. All cases are believed to represent examples of calcified renal parenchymal scars, resulting from old granulomatous disease, renal abscess, or hematoma. We propose that these lesions be regarded as solitary renal parenchymal stones without malignant potential, rather than calcified masses. The significance of the findings for patient management are discussed. PMID- 6516083 TI - Ileourethral fistula following cystectomy: a rare complication. AB - Fistulae between the urinary and intestinal tracts of adult male patients usually result from trauma, inflammatory diseases, necrosis and infiltration of a neoplasm of either the bladder, prostate or colon, or radiation therapy. We report 2 patients who developed an ileourethral fistula following cystectomy which had been performed for carcinoma of the bladder in 1 patient and leukoplakia of the bladder in the other. The diagnosis of an ileourethral fistula was established by retrograde urethrography and a barium follow-through study. Computed tomography performed in 1 patient showed a tumor mass in the pelvis. PMID- 6516084 TI - Investigation of the venous system in impotence of vascular origin. AB - Vascular pathology is responsible for about 25% of cases of male impotence. Pudendal arteriography has been the object of numerous publications. Venous conditions explain the majority of erectile dysfunctions in patients with normal arterial anatomy. We have performed cavernography in 30 patients, with monitoring of intracavernous pressure and flow measurement. Cavernograms allowed study of the corpora cavernosa and the venous drainage. Cavernography not only helps in understanding the mechanism of erection but also is essential to the successful treatment of pathologic venous drainage. PMID- 6516085 TI - Management of symptomatic renal angiomyolipomas by embolization. AB - Renal angiomyolipomas are benign tumors which occur commonly in association with tuberous sclerosis or as isolated lesions. Symptomatic angiomyolipomas, particularly those in patients with tuberous sclerosis, should be approached conservatively with the goal of preserving as much normal renal tissue as possible. We report 2 patients in whom selective embolization was used to achieve this goal. PMID- 6516086 TI - "Macro" aneurysm in renal angiomyolipoma: two cases, with therapeutic embolization in one patient. AB - Two young women with renal angiomyolipomas (AML) containing solitary large aneurysms are presented. In both patients AML was complicated by life-threatening hemorrhage. In the first case a parenchymal sparing procedure was undertaken (heminephrectomy). The second case was treated with interventional radiologic techniques with excellent results despite inadvertent rupture of the aneurysm. PMID- 6516087 TI - Management of bleeding renal angiomyolipomas by transcatheter embolization following CT diagnosis. AB - Renal angiomyolipomas are commonly associated with spontaneous hemorrhage which can be life-threatening and may require radical nephrectomy for control of hemorrhage. Transcatheter embolization was used in 2 cases of spontaneously bleeding angiomyolipomas; permanent control was achieved in 1 case and temporary control in the other. This more conservative approach was made possible by our ability to diagnose these benign renal tumors confidently using computed tomography. PMID- 6516088 TI - Percutaneous recanalization and dilatation of a surgically ligated calyx. AB - A case is presented of a surgically ligated calyx treated by dilatation via a percutaneous nephrostomy. PMID- 6516089 TI - Retroperitoneal malacoplakia. AB - Malacoplakia is an uncommon, pathologically distinct, granulomatous disease that occurs most frequently in the urinary tract. It can present as an abdominal mass in a patient with urinary tract infection. A case of retroperitoneal malacoplakia with CT findings and successful treatment with radiation therapy is presented. PMID- 6516090 TI - Urethrographic appearance of extensive transitional cell carcinoma of the anterior urethra. AB - Transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the urinary tract is multicentric [1]. In men, extension of TCC is more commonly seen in the prostatic urethra [2] than the anterior urethra. Retrograde urethrogram may demonstrate the extent of tumor "vegetation" in the urethra in a patient presenting with obstructive and irritative uropathic symptoms. PMID- 6516091 TI - Acquired vesicocolonic fistula in a child: a complication in management of a neurogenic bladder. AB - A 6-year-old girl with meningomyelocele and a neurogenic bladder was managed with clean intermittent catheterization. After 3 months she developed a vesicocolonic fistula, demonstrated on cystography. This is the first such complication reported since this type of management was popularized. PMID- 6516092 TI - A technique for conversion from small (0.46-mm) to large (0.97-mm) guidewires for drainage procedures. PMID- 6516094 TI - Micturitional hypertension and retropubic mass. PMID- 6516093 TI - Use of the continuous-flush maneuver to prevent air bubbles on the urethrogram in a male patient: technical note. PMID- 6516095 TI - Importance of serum amyloid A (SAA) level in monitoring disease activity and response to therapy in patients with prostate cancer. AB - Serum amyloid A (SAA) and acid phosphatase (AcP) levels were determined in serial serum samples of 35 patients in different stages of dissemination and correlated with activity of carcinoma of the prostate. Up to 500-fold increases in SAA level were detected during active periods of cancer with a decrease towards the normal range in remission, in comparison with a 10-fold increase of AcP. The correlation between these two parameters was highly significant (P less than 0.001), but while SAA shows 100% sensitivity during the active stage, AcP shows only 85% sensitivity. It is suggested that although SAA is not a specific marker for any particular illness, due to its characteristic pattern of change in malignant diseases and its high sensitivity, it represents a useful biochemical parameter for the assessment of the activity of the disease to monitor response to therapy during follow-up. PMID- 6516097 TI - [Clinical variants of primary open-angle glaucoma]. PMID- 6516096 TI - Rectal temperature monitoring during neodymion-YAG laser irradiation for prostatic carcinoma. AB - Neodymion-YAG laser irradiation is a new and promising method for curative treatment of localized prostatic carcinoma. The laser light energy is transformed into heat within the tissue, and there is a risk of unintended damage to neighbouring organs. In seven patients the temperature in the rectal mucosa was monitored during the laser irradiation of the prostatic capsule. The temperatures did not increase to dangerous levels. According to a standardized irradiation procedure based on experiences gained in this study 47 patients have been treated without complications. PMID- 6516098 TI - [Life expectancy of patients with glaucoma]. PMID- 6516099 TI - [Current methods of surgical treatment of eye injuries in the presence of foreign bodies in agricultural workers]. PMID- 6516100 TI - [Results of vitrectomy in the pre-proliferative and early proliferative stages of diabetic retinopathy]. PMID- 6516101 TI - [Effect of orthokeratotomy on the frequency-contrast characteristics of the eyes]. PMID- 6516102 TI - [Combined operations in retinal detachment including episcleral implantation of scleral tissue in patients with high myopia]. PMID- 6516103 TI - [Transplantation of the dura mater of the human fetus in progressive myopia]. PMID- 6516104 TI - [Late results of diploptic treatment of concomitant convergent strabismus]. PMID- 6516105 TI - [Selection of the method and the results of surgical treatment of concomitant strabismus in children]. PMID- 6516106 TI - [Suppurative conjunctivitis in newborn infants]. PMID- 6516107 TI - [Complications of perinatal uveitis, prognosis and treatment]. PMID- 6516108 TI - [Role of immunoglobulins in various forms of uveitis]. PMID- 6516109 TI - [Treatment of corneal ulcers caused by Fusarium infection]. PMID- 6516110 TI - [Visual function in agricultural workers and its relation to working conditions]. PMID- 6516112 TI - [Ophthalmosphygmography as a method of studying eye hemodynamics]. PMID- 6516111 TI - [Adaptive changes in the microcirculation of the conjunctival blood vessels in different Chukchi tribes]. PMID- 6516113 TI - [Oxygen saturation of arterial blood in patients with diabetic retinopathy]. PMID- 6516114 TI - [A type of Sjogren's syndrome with few clinical symptoms]. PMID- 6516116 TI - [A trephine with a removable segmental drill for cataract incision with "reverse" profile]. PMID- 6516115 TI - [A case of central chorioretinitis caused by tick-borne encephalitis]. PMID- 6516117 TI - [Dispensary follow-up of patients with primary open-angle glaucoma]. PMID- 6516119 TI - [Intranasal rhinomicroscopy and microsurgery]. PMID- 6516118 TI - [Voice disorders in children and adolescents]. PMID- 6516120 TI - [Ways of eliminating diagnostic and organizational obstacles in the treatment of rhinogenic phlegmon of the orbit in children]. PMID- 6516121 TI - [Thermographic diagnosis of various diseases of the nose and pharynx in a polyclinic setting]. PMID- 6516122 TI - [Comparative characteristics of the intensity of leukocyte migration and the degree of epithelial cell desquamation of the nasal mucosa in petroleum and petrochemical industry workers]. PMID- 6516123 TI - [Treatment of chronic tonsillitis using low-frequency ultrasound]. PMID- 6516124 TI - [Spontaneous rosette formation by neutrophils in oropharyngeal smears from children with chronic tonsillitis]. PMID- 6516126 TI - [Interference-resistance of the auditory analyzer in complex audiometry in Meniere's disease]. PMID- 6516125 TI - [Value of 3-dimensional hearing examination in the audiologic diagnosis of acoustic neurinoma]. PMID- 6516127 TI - [Audiometry with filtered speech]. PMID- 6516128 TI - [Auditory function in patients with extensive tumors of the larynx with metastases]. PMID- 6516129 TI - [Cerebral hemodynamics among workers exposed to industrial noise]. PMID- 6516130 TI - [Testing Eustachian tube patency before surgical correction of anomalies of the middle ear in children]. PMID- 6516131 TI - [Surgical rehabilitation of laryngeal function using an endoprosthesis following resection for stage III cancer]. PMID- 6516132 TI - [Ultrastructure of pseudotumorous, pretumorous and tumorous formations in the larynx]. PMID- 6516133 TI - [Clinico-biochemical evaluation of the reaction of the bodies of patients with cancer of the larynx to preoperative radiotherapy conducted in different oxygenation regimes]. PMID- 6516134 TI - [Method of x-ray examination of children with cicatricial stenosis of the larynx and trachea]. PMID- 6516135 TI - [Petrososquamous plate and petrososquamous ridge in x-ray images]. PMID- 6516136 TI - [Structure, ideological, moral and deontologic content of the introductory lecture of the department of otorhinolaryngology]. PMID- 6516137 TI - [Cholesteatoma of the middle ear]. PMID- 6516138 TI - [Method of differential diagnosis of acute neurosensory hearing loss]. PMID- 6516139 TI - [Aneurysm of the vessels of the cochlea]. PMID- 6516140 TI - [Our experience with the Schucknecht procedure]. PMID- 6516141 TI - [Unusual foreign body of the maxillary sinus]. PMID- 6516143 TI - [Calculus of a palatine tonsil]. PMID- 6516142 TI - [Giant osteoma of the frontal sinuses and ethmoidal labyrinth penetrating the cranial cavity]. PMID- 6516144 TI - [Burn of the laryngeal mucosa by molten metal]. PMID- 6516145 TI - [Dynamics of the activity of leukocyte enzymes in patients with chronic subatrophic and atrophic laryngitis during treatment with enzymes]. PMID- 6516146 TI - [Right-sided strangulated Treitz's hernia in a child]. PMID- 6516147 TI - [Traumatic spondylolisthesis of the 1st sacral vertebra in a child]. PMID- 6516148 TI - [Effect of low-frequency ultrasound on the course of the wound process]. AB - By the methods of clinical and morphological investigations as well as by measurements of the wound medium pH it was established that the application of low-frequency ultrasound for the treatment of purulent wounds accelerated necrolysis, decreased bacterial contamination of the wound, normalised the microcirculation system, activated the macrophagal reaction, increased the proliferative and synthetic activity of fibroblasts, collagen fibrillogenesis and contributed to a sharp shortening of the hydratation phase which resulted in the earlier closing of the wound. PMID- 6516149 TI - [Autotransfusion in surgery and related fields]. AB - The indications, contraindications, variants and methods of autohemotransfusions as well as problems of their use in surgery, urology and other fields are discussed in detail on the basis of great clinical experience (about 3000 autohemotransfusions). PMID- 6516150 TI - [An instrument for measuring intraosseous pressure and intraosseous infusions]. PMID- 6516151 TI - [Physical and occupational work capacity of surgical patients with pale-type congenital heart defects]. AB - A comparative assessment of energy losses and functional shifts in the system of circulation and respiration in various types of the professional activity in 22 patients 14,7 +/- 1,38 years after successful radical operations for the open arterial duct, defects of interatrial and interventricular septa, 64 healthy people and 12 nonoperated patients with similar congenital heart diseases was made. The patients subjected to timely radical operations were shown to possess working capacity and ability. They can fulfill a professional work with light and average strain under systematic control. PMID- 6516153 TI - [Hypotonic effect of glucagon in the x-ray contrast study of the gastrointestinal and biliary tracts]. AB - On the basis of the experience with examination of 35 patients glucagon is recommended by the authors for radiopaque examinations of the gastrointestinal tract and bile ducts under conditions of hypotonia. It increases the diagnostic modality of the roentgenological examination. PMID- 6516154 TI - [Choice of method in percutaneous transhepatic portography]. AB - On the basis of the experience with 54 transhepatic portographies and 120 super selective catheterizations of the portal vein branches by various methods the authors give recommendations for choosing the optimum variant of the roentgenological examination of the portal system with individual features of the patients taken into account and with special reference to topographic points. PMID- 6516152 TI - [Expansion of the lung after partial resection for gangrene]. AB - On the basis of the experience with the treatment of 69 patients with lung gangrene the authors recommend to use a combination of active aspiration from the pleural cavity, occlusion of the segment bronchus and pneumoperitoneum for the efficient expansion of the lung after its resection in the early postoperative period. PMID- 6516155 TI - [Hepatic artery changes in liver cirrhosis]. AB - The results of selective celiacography in 50 patients with the intrahepatic form of portal hypertension have shown that in addition to constriction and deformation of terminal portions of the lobular, segmentary and subsegmentary arteries due to cirrhotic alterations of the liver there is some dilatation of extraorganic parts of the hepatic artery which is more pronounced in well formed cirrhosis of the liver with moderate portal hypertension. PMID- 6516157 TI - [Vascular component in the pathogenesis of lung failure in acute pancreatitis patients]. AB - The blood circulation was studied in 61 patients with acute pancreatitis by the method of rheopulmonography. Considerable disorders were revealed both in the systemic hemodynamics and organic blood flow in the lungs during the development of pulmonary hypertension and venous congestion in the small blood circle. Positive influence of the infusion therapy upon the pulmonary blood flow is noted. PMID- 6516156 TI - [Malignant tumors of the gallbladder]. AB - On the basis of their personal experience (43 observations) the authors are discussing problems of the preoperative and intraoperative diagnosis, immediate and remote results of the surgical treatment of carcinoma of the gallbladder. Early cholecystectomies in patients with "gallbladder block" and in patients with a long-standing acalculous cholecystitis are considered to be a prophylactic measure. The importance of oncological suspicion and dynamic dispensary observation of patients with chronic cholecystitis is emphasized. PMID- 6516158 TI - [Various aspects of surgical deontology]. PMID- 6516159 TI - [Role of arteriosclerosis in the development of an acute disorder of the mesenteric circulation]. AB - On the basis of observation of 227 patients with the acute disturbance of mesenteric circulation the author considers intestinal infarction to be one of serious complications of atherosclerosis. Early diagnosis and operative treatment (reestablishment of circulation in mesenterial vessels, resection of the gut), postoperative intensive therapy allow improving results of the treatment. PMID- 6516160 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of vasorenal hypertension]. AB - The examination and surgical treatment of 175 patients with persistent arterial hypertension were analyzed, 45 of them having a lesion of renal arteries. The author recommends a complex of diagnostic examinations of kidneys, renal arteries and adrenals. In cases with organic alterations in the adrenals surgical procedures on the adrenals adequate to the alterations should be performed along with the operation on renal arteries. In long-standing disease it is expedient to perform adrenalectomy on the same side in addition to reconstruction of the renal arteries. PMID- 6516161 TI - [Isolated plastic repair of the deep femoral artery in acute arterial obstruction]. AB - In 67 patients with acute arterial obstruction non-direct thrombus-, embolectomy was added by plasty of the profound artery of the femur. 36 patients were discharged with reestablished blood flow in the extremity, 12 patients-after amputation and 19 patients died though in 8 of them blood circulation in the extremity was reestablished. Such an operation is a method of choice in the surgical treatment of patients with acute arterial obstruction developed against the background of chronic occlusion of the vessel of the femoro-popliteal segment when other methods of direct revascularization of the extremity are thought to be impossible. PMID- 6516162 TI - [Effect of collateral blood flow on the effectiveness of embolectomy in an experiment and in clinical practice]. AB - On the basis of an experimental study (44 dogs) and examination of 250 patients with arterial embolism the authors give grounds for a complex of intensive spasmolytic therapy eliminating the arterial spasm and stimulating collateral circulation which allows wider indications for embolectomy in later terms. PMID- 6516163 TI - [Use of the laser in the combined treatment of suppurative diseases and complications]. AB - The authors' experience with the complex treatment of 241 patients with different purulent diseases and complications shows that the application of laser improves results of the treatment and shortens the period of staying of the patients at the hospital. PMID- 6516165 TI - [Neoplasms of the appendix]. PMID- 6516164 TI - [Multiple primary tumors with a lesion of the esophagus]. PMID- 6516166 TI - [Pathology of the appendix epiploica of the large intestine]. PMID- 6516167 TI - [Echinococcosis of subcutaneous fatty tissue]. PMID- 6516168 TI - [Atypical course of hematogenic osteomyelitis of the femur]. PMID- 6516169 TI - [Treatment characteristics of bilateral femoral fractures]. AB - On the basis of the experience with the treatment of 60 patients the authors recommend a one-step osteosynthesis of both femurs which allows timely mobilization of the patients, prevention of hypostatic and hypodynamic complications. The peculiarities of performing the operation are described. PMID- 6516170 TI - [Closed chest injuries and lung cysts in children]. AB - Observations of 103 children with closed traumas of the chest have shown that traumatic pseudocysts of the lungs are not frequently encountered in this injury. They can result not only from rupture of the respiratory zone but also due to the valve mechanism in the transitory-conductive zone at the expense of the injury and lost elasticity of the bronchus wall. The traumatic pseudocysts require conservative treatment. Ruptures and strain of congenital cysts of the lungs in a closed trauma require urgent operations. PMID- 6516171 TI - [Late results of the surgical treatment of hiatal hernia in children]. AB - The operative treatment of 46 children has shown that favorable long-term results were obtained due to early detection and radical treatment of the defect. The pathological changes of the esophagus and stomach mucosa gradually disappeared. PMID- 6516172 TI - [Complications of duplicated digestive organs in children]. AB - Seven cases of duplicate digestive tubes were analyzed, five cases concerning the small intestine. The operative treatment is thought to be indicated as soon as the pathology is diagnosed because of the potential risk of complications. Dissection of the duplication or resection of it with the presenting organ is the method of choice. In cases with the common wall of the main digestive tube and duplication a partial dissection of the latter is permissible followed by demucosation and peritonization of the defect by local tissues. PMID- 6516173 TI - Symposium on large animal ophthalmology. PMID- 6516175 TI - Ocular dermoids in Hereford cattle. PMID- 6516174 TI - Ocular diagnostic and therapeutic techniques in food animals. PMID- 6516176 TI - Lesions in broiler and layer chickens in an outbreak of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus infection. AB - Fifteen chickens, five broilers and ten layers, from the Pennsylvania 1983 outbreak of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus infection, were examined. Gross lesions in the broilers were limited to serosal petechiae and dehydration. In the layers there was comb edema, vesiculation, and necrosis. Microscopic lesions were mild to severe diffuse nonsuppurative encephalitis, very mild to severe diffuse necrotizing pancreatitis, and very mild to severe subacute necrotizing myositis involving numerous skeletal muscles and most severe in the external ocular muscles and limbs. While many of these lesions have been seen in experimental infections of chickens with influenza viruses, the pattern of organs involved in this group of chickens is distinctive. PMID- 6516177 TI - Hyperplastic endometrial polyps in the dog and cat. AB - Hyperplastic endometrial polyps from 17 dogs and 14 cats are described. These growths were pedunculated to broad-based and projected into the uterine lumen. They were lined by endometrial epithelium and contained cystic endometrial glands surrounded by a well-vascularized connective tissue stroma. The morphologic evidence suggests that endometrial polyps arise from focal areas of cystic endometrial hyperplasia. PMID- 6516178 TI - Some unusual features of mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis in horses. AB - Seven horses ranging from three to 15 years of age had nephrotic syndrome; at necropsy, renal tissue of all seven horses had the morphologic lesions of mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis (membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis). Homogeneous eosinophilic material which filled the glomerular capillary lumina was found in five horses. Ultrastructurally, this material primarily consisted of electron-dense deposits with a fibrillar pattern in five horses and in one horse, rhomboid crystalline deposits which resembled deposits seen in human cryoglobulinemia. The association of mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis with cryoglobulinemia is well documented in man. The presence of intracapillary deposits, with the histologic and ultrastructural lesion of mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis, suggests a similar association in these horses. PMID- 6516179 TI - Pathomorphology and pathogenesis of bacterial meningoventriculitis of neonatal ungulates. AB - Bacterial meningoventriculitis was studied in 26 neonatal ungulates. Preceded by a substantial bacteremia, usually due to Escherichia coli, the fibrinopurulent inflammation involved leptomeninges, choroid plexuses, and ventricle walls, but largely spared the neuraxial parenchyma. It is proposed that this surface relatedness results from the transport of bacteria by monocytes of low bactericidal power, migrating by normal pathways to maintain significant surface populations of macrophages. The neuraxial parenchyma is spared because of its normal lack of a macrophage population. A similar pathogenesis would hold for the frequent concurrent appearance of serositis and synovitis. PMID- 6516180 TI - Serum ferritin and total iron-binding capacity to estimate iron storage in pigs. AB - The inability to accurately determine storage iron in baby pigs limits the development of new treatment programs. In pigs treated neonatally with iron dextran, serum ferritin had increased dramatically at ten days of age and then returned to near preinjection levels by 50 days of age. In contrast, serum ferritin in untreated pigs declined until they were offered creep feed at 21 days of age. When serum ferritin, serum iron, serum total iron-binding capacity, erythrocyte number, packed cell volume, and blood hemoglobin were measured in three-week-old pigs, serum ferritin combined with serum total iron-binding capacity correlated significantly with the total nonheme iron in the liver and spleen. The nonheme iron (in mg) could be predicted (r2 = 0.71) by the following expression: 8.7 + 0.6 (ferritin in ng/ml). PMID- 6516181 TI - Ovine abortion and stillbirth due to purulent placentitis caused by Yersinia pseudotuberculosis. AB - Yersinia pseudotuberculosis was isolated from an aborted placenta and stillborn lamb from a sheep flock having multiple abortions. Given intravenously, it caused elevated body temperatures and purulent placentitis in eight of nine ewes. Two ewes died following infection at 2.5 months of gestation. Two ewes infected at 3.5 months gestation aborted; three infected at four months gave birth to weak, premature, or moribund lambs. One ewe infected at 4.5 months gave birth to a healthy lamb. One lamb which died minutes after birth had focal necrotizing hepatitis, a lesion observed in a stillborn lamb during the original disease outbreak. Y. pseudotuberculosis was reisolated from endometrial, placental, and fetal lesions of experimentally infected animals. PMID- 6516182 TI - Malignant neuroblastoma in a cow. PMID- 6516183 TI - Field, clinical and pathological observations of a runting and stunting syndrome in broilers. AB - Observations on a runting and stunting syndrome in broiler chickens in Victoria, Australia, based on general observations from 1980 to 1983 on 2244 chickens from 109 affected broiler chicken flocks, are summarised. The details on 156 of these birds from five affected flocks with varying runting percentages are presented. Typically affected birds were presented with atrophy of the pancreas, the thymus and the bursa of Fabricius. PMID- 6516184 TI - The effect of not treating mild cases of clinical mastitis in a dairy herd. PMID- 6516185 TI - Bracken toxicity and soil mycotoxins. PMID- 6516187 TI - Bovine fetal monster. PMID- 6516186 TI - Retrieval of nematode larvae. PMID- 6516188 TI - Obstruction in a cat. PMID- 6516189 TI - Sudden deaths in wethers associated with fatty livers. PMID- 6516190 TI - Repair of a proximal radius fracture in a horse. PMID- 6516191 TI - Selection of antibiotics for use in pig practice. PMID- 6516192 TI - Autumn nematodiriasis. PMID- 6516193 TI - Polyserositis in calves. PMID- 6516194 TI - Unstable penicillin in animal food. PMID- 6516195 TI - Removal of growth from lioness's lip. PMID- 6516196 TI - Routine induction of farrowing with dinoprost in a commercial sow breeding unit over a year. AB - Details were recorded on a commercial sow breeding unit where dinoprost was used to induce farrowing in groups of sows every second week. Criteria considered were the interval from injection to start of farrowing, called the induction interval, the time required for farrowing to be completed, called the duration of farrowing, litter size and percentage of piglets born dead. Data were analysed to look for the effect on these of the day of gestation on which the injection was given, the parity status of the sow and the litter size. PMID- 6516197 TI - Spavin: a proposed term for a non-fracture associated canine hock lesion. AB - In accordance with macroscopic and microscopic features of the tarsal joint degeneration in the greyhound dog, the possibility of establishing a direct relation between this process and spavin or bone spavin is proposed. To date this has been considered limited to equine and occasionally bovine stock. This investigation has been carried out on three different levels: macroscopic, radiological and histological and has been completed with the corresponding graphic documentation. PMID- 6516198 TI - Methods of selenium supplementation of ruminants. AB - Three methods of selenium supplementation, by subcutaneous injection, intraruminal pellet and addition to water, were tested in experiments with cattle and a fourth method, oral supplementation of a sodium selenite solution, was evaluated with lambs. All four methods worked effectively for periods ranging from four months to one year after treatment. It is suggested that choice of treatment will depend on the circumstances of each case, including cost, husbandry system and ease of administration. PMID- 6516199 TI - Idiopathic meningoencephalitis of sheep in England. PMID- 6516200 TI - Extrauterine pregnancy in a ewe. PMID- 6516201 TI - Causative agent of Potomac horse fever. PMID- 6516202 TI - Maedi-visna in indigenous sheep. PMID- 6516203 TI - Sensitivity of campylobacter. PMID- 6516204 TI - Ascorbic acid and riboflavin in the treatment of acute intoxication by paraquat. PMID- 6516205 TI - Effects of Crotalaria saltiana on Nubian goats. AB - Ten Nubian goats were given daily oral doses ranging from 0.5 to 10 g/kg/day of the fresh shoots of Crotalaria saltiana; they died at various times after dosing. The main signs of Crotalaria poisoning were dullness, dyspnea, inappetence, loss of condition and arching of the back. An increase in the concentration of ammonia, in the activity of GOT, and a decrease in total protein, calcium and magnesium were detected in the serum. The main pathological changes were hemorrhages in the lungs, heart and spleen, focal catarrhal enteritis, hepatic portal fibrosis, dilatation of the renal tubules and straw-colored fluid in the peritoneal cavity. PMID- 6516206 TI - The effect of Citrullus colocynthis on sheep. AB - Fresh Citrullus colocynthis fruits and leaves were fed to ten sheep at daily doses ranging from 0.25 to 10 g/kg. The sheep showed signs of poisoning and died from 4 hours to 25 days after dosing. The clinical signs of diarrhea, anorexia, dyspnea and loss of condition were well correlated with the pathological findings. There was an increase in the concentrations of creatinine, urea and potassium and a decrease in total protein and calcium in the serum and in the blood sugar level of Colocynthis-poisoned sheep. Changes in the concentrations of serum phosphorus and magnesium were inconsistent. Hematological changes indicated the development of hemoconcentration. Leucocytosis resulted from an increased number of neutrophils. PMID- 6516207 TI - Copper toxicosis in a Bedlington terrier. PMID- 6516208 TI - A retrospective study of lead poisoning in cattle. AB - Information pertaining to 294 cases of bovine lead poisoning that occurred during the 15-year period from 1968 to 1982 was collected from the toxicology laboratory records at the Western College of Veterinary Medicine. Lead poisoning was seen more often in younger cattle, with 51.9% of the cases reported in animals 6 months of age or less. A statistically significant seasonal incidence was seen (p less than 0.0001) with 60.9% of the cases occurring from May to August. Lead poisoning was more common in dairy breeds than beef breeds. The relative rates in the daily and beef breeds per 1,000 cattle were 0.022 and 0.0065 respectively. No specific breed susceptibility was associated with any of the major dairy or beef breeds. Statistically significant sex-related differences for lead poisoning were not seen (p = 0.11). The most suitable biological samples utilized to confirm lead poisoning were blood, kidney and liver. These samples produced the most reliable results, with rumen and fecal samples exhibiting a high degree of variability. PMID- 6516209 TI - Bovine homocytotropic antibody in the sera of cattle resistant to infestation with Rhipicephalus appendiculatus. AB - The homologous skin sensitizing activity of serum from tick-naive cattle (Bos taurus) and from cattle resistant to the tick Rhipicephalus appendiculatus was tested by attempting to induce passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) in tick-naive calves. The serum from tick-resistant cattle induced PCA, whereas that from tick naive cattle failed to do so. The PCA was more marked at 72 hours than at 24 hours after administration of the serum. Treatment of the serum by heat at 56 degrees C for 2 hours or by adding 0.1 M 2-mercaptoethanol to it reduced its ability to sensitize. Serum from tick-resistant cattle did not sensitize the skin of heterologous species, namely rabbits, guinea-pigs and rats. PMID- 6516210 TI - The effect of transfer factor treatment on two challenge infections of Haemonchus contortus in immuno-competent 7-month-old lambs. AB - A number of immuno-competent Blackface lambs were infected with 10,000 Haemonchus contortus third stage larvae and were later challenged with a second dose of 10,000 H. contortus third stage larvae. One group of lambs was treated with dialysed transfer factor prior to the second challenge dose. Histological changes in the abomasal wall, reductions in abomasal worm burdens at slaughter and faecal egg counts monitored throughout the experiment suggested the presence in some animals of an innate resistance, a "self curing" effect, an enhancement of this "self curing" effect in the transfer factor treated group and a response in one transfer factor treated animal comparable to "classical self cure". PMID- 6516211 TI - Serum isoamylase values in normal dogs and dogs with exocrine pancreatic insufficiency. AB - Estimations were made of the serum isoamylase values of normal dogs and of dogs with confirmed exocrine pancreatic insufficiency. A statistically significant difference was demonstrated between the two groups in respect of the values of one of the isoamylase fractions measured. Further study has confirmed that canine salivary tissue lacks amylase activity and that the source of the isoamylase fractions was the pancreas. This knowledge has potential value in the diagnosis of canine exocrine pancreatic insufficiency. PMID- 6516212 TI - Characterization of nucleic acids by bichromatic paper disk spectrophotometry. AB - The bichromatic paper disk spectrophotometry ultramicromethod developed in the "Stefan S. Nicolau" Institute of Virology can be successfully applied to the study of viral and cellular nucleic acids. The main applications - succinctly presented in the review - refer to : the identification and spectral characterization of nucleic acids, their quantitative determination, the study of the helix - statistical coil transition, the evaluation of the degree of polymerization of single stranded polynucleotides, the study of the kinetics of chemical and enzymatic hydrolysis and the determination of RNase activity, e.g. in human serum, the demonstration of the interaction between nucleic acids and other molecules of biological interest (biopolymers, poly- and oligocations, etc.), the rapid characterization of the ion exchange capacity of chromatography papers and of a mobile phase of the water - alcohol - electrolyte type. PMID- 6516213 TI - Results obtained with the NIVGRIP inactivated influenza vaccine applicable by nasal and/or oral route. AB - The NIVGRIP inactivated influenza vaccine prepared in the "Stefan S. Nicolau" Institute of Virology has proved its efficacy in the specific prophylaxis of influenza. The vaccine can be administered by nasal and/or oral route and has a very low reactogenicity. Application of the NIVGRIP vaccine results in seroconversion rates of 50-70% and in rises in the levels of local neutralizing antibodies in 75-80% of the vaccines. Numerous epidemiological surveys have ascertained that the protection rate obtained by nasal administration of the NIVGRIP vaccine ranges from 50 to 90%, being comparable with that of other commercially available vaccines. The advantages of the use of an inactivated, whole virus vaccine applicable by nonparenteral routes are discussed. PMID- 6516215 TI - Replication of peanut stunt virus and its associated RNA 5 in cowpea protoplasts. AB - Peanut stunt virus (PSV) RNA containing PSV-associated RNA 5 (PARNA 5) was used as the inoculum in the successful infection of cowpea protoplasts. Total nucleic acid extracts of protoplast samples at different times after inoculation were analyzed for the presence of PSV genomic RNAs and PARNA 5 using glyoxal denaturation, agarose gel electrophoresis, blotting to nitrocellulose, and hybridization to specific probes. It appears that (+)-stranded PSV genomic RNAs are synthesized up to 36 hr after inoculation after which their synthesis levels off, whereas PARNA 5 synthesis continues much later during infection. Oligomers of PARNA 5 were found in the infected protoplasts, in double-stranded RNA preparations from PSV-infected tissues, and in single-stranded PSV-RNA preparations isolated from purified virus. However, we were unable to demonstrate the presence of circular PARNA 5 molecules in infected protoplasts or tissues. These results leave open the question whether PARNA 5 is replicated via a rolling circle type replication mechanism, as proposed for viroids and tobacco ringspot virus satellite, or via a virus-like replication mechanism, as certain structural features of PARNA 5 would indicate. It is not impossible that both types of mechanisms are operative at different phases of PARNA 5 replication. PMID- 6516214 TI - Is virulence of H5N2 influenza viruses in chickens associated with loss of carbohydrate from the hemagglutinin? AB - The A/Chick/Penn/83 (H5N2) influenza virus that appeared in chickens in Pennsylvania in April 1983 and subsequently became virulent in October 1983, was examined for plaque-forming ability and cleavability of the hemagglutinin (HA) molecule. The avirulent virus produced plaques and cleaved the HA only in the presence of trypsin. In contrast, the virulent virus produced plaques and cleaved the HA precursor into HA1 and HA2 in the presence or absence of trypsin. The apparent molecular weight of the HA1 from the avirulent virus was higher than that from the virulent virus, but when the viruses were grown in the presence of tunicamycin, the molecular weights of HA were indistinguishable. Two of nine monoclonal antibodies to the HA of the avirulent virus indicate that there is at least one epitope on the HA that is different between the virulent and avirulent viruses. The amino acid sequences of the HAs from the two viruses were compared by sequencing their respective HA gene. The nucleotide sequence coding for the processed HA polypeptide contained 1641 nucleotides specifying a protein of 547 amino acids. The amino acid sequences of the virulent and avirulent viruses were indistinguishable through the connecting peptide region, indicating that the difference in cleavability of the H5 HA is not directly attributed to the amino acid sequence of the connecting peptide. Four of seven nucleotide changes resulted in amino acid changes at residues 13, 69, and 123 of HA1 and at residue 501 of the HA2 polypeptide. Since there were no deletions or insertions in the amino acid sequence of the virulent or avirulent viruses, the possibility exists that the difference in molecular weight is due to loss of a carbohydrate side chain in the virulent strain. The amino acid change in the virulent strain at residue 13 is the only mutation that could affect a glycosylation site and this is in the vicinity of the connecting peptide. It is postulated that the loss of this carbohydrate may permit access of an enzyme that recognizes the basic amino acid sequences and results in cleavage activation of the HA in the virulent virus. PMID- 6516216 TI - Sequence comparison of the 3' ends of a subgenomic RNA and the genomic RNAs of barley stripe mosaic virus. AB - All strains of barley stripe mosaic virus examined encapsidate small amounts of an 800-nucleotide (NT) gamma-subgenomic (sg) RNA. This sgRNA has been isolated from genomic (g) RNAs of the Type and North Dakota 18 (ND18) strains and the sequence of these RNAs has been compared near the 3' end. The immediate 3' termini of the gRNAs terminate in the icosomer-GGUCCCCCAAGGGAAGACCAOH-3' and differ from the sgRNAs, which are polyadenylated. The poly(A) tracts of the sgRNAs are heterogeneous with lengths ranging from 10 to greater than 150 NT. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of complementary (c) DNAs transcribed in the presence of dideoxynucleotides reveals that the sgRNAs from Type and ND18 have almost identical sequences for at least 160 NT adjacent to the 5' side of the poly(A) region. This region of the sgRNA from the ND18 strain is nearly identical to a 95-NT sequence adjacent to a poly(A) tract located at the 3' end of a 2050 base pair cDNA cloned from the gamma-genomic RNA of ND18. These results suggest that the sequences encoding the sgRNA are located upstream of an internal poly(A) region situated more than 200 NT from the 3' end of the gamma-genomic RNA. PMID- 6516217 TI - Patterns of ambulatory care in internal medicine: The National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey. PMID- 6516218 TI - [Diagnostic significance of gammagraphy of the biliary tract]. PMID- 6516219 TI - [Hemodynamics of acute myocardial infarct. V. Ventilatory and respiratory function]. PMID- 6516220 TI - [Blood preservation in the State Hematology and Transfusion Institute in Budapest]. PMID- 6516221 TI - [The beginning stages of Cushing's syndrome]. PMID- 6516222 TI - [Right-sided catheterization of the heart in patients after thrombolytic treatment of acute myocardial infarct]. PMID- 6516223 TI - [Hemodynamic examination in the early phase of acute myocardial infarct]. PMID- 6516224 TI - [Subacute heart perforation in acute myocardial infarct]. PMID- 6516225 TI - [The karyotype of lymphocytes in the peripheral circulation and of bone marrow cells in 80-year-old and older persons]. PMID- 6516226 TI - [Deletion of chromosome 5 in the myelodysplastic syndrome and in acute nonlymphocytic leukemia]. PMID- 6516227 TI - [Serum levels of digoxin in relation to biochemical and clinical indicators]. PMID- 6516228 TI - [The effect of a single hemodialysis on left ventricular function in patients on regular dialysis treatment without clinical signs of heart failure]. PMID- 6516229 TI - [The position of hepatoses in the classification of liver diseases]. PMID- 6516230 TI - [Changes in hemostasis in leukocyte donors]. PMID- 6516231 TI - [Incidence of tuberculosis associated with hematologic malignancies]. PMID- 6516232 TI - [Biochemical diagnosis of bone metastases]. PMID- 6516234 TI - [The development and outlook in the dietary treatment of diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 6516233 TI - [Successful treatment of diabetic retinopathy by procedures on the hypophysis]. PMID- 6516235 TI - [Hemodynamics of acute myocardial infarct. VI. Comparison of findings of rales and gallop]. PMID- 6516236 TI - [A rare case of idiopathic familial hemochromatosis]. PMID- 6516238 TI - [Life threatening exogeneous allergic alveolitis in bird breeders]. PMID- 6516237 TI - [Myocardial infarct after injury by lightening]. PMID- 6516239 TI - [The effect of cystaphos on the occurrence of hemorrhagic diathesis in the acute radiation syndrome]. PMID- 6516240 TI - [Neurophysiologic study of the effect of 2PAM-Cl on the neuromuscular junction]. PMID- 6516241 TI - [Morphologic changes in the liver of rats exposed to thermal damage]. PMID- 6516242 TI - [The effect of Anturane and aspirin on thrombocyte aggregation]. PMID- 6516243 TI - [Clinical picture of late postprandial hypoglycemia]. PMID- 6516244 TI - [The effect of trauma, exogenous hydrocortisone and adrenalectomy on the histological structure of the thymus in mice]. PMID- 6516245 TI - [Present trends in the therapy of poisoning by nerve poisons for warfare]. PMID- 6516246 TI - [Lessons of natural disasters in Yugoslavia]. PMID- 6516247 TI - [The automated science information system for scientific information and documentation] of the Institute of Military Medicine]. PMID- 6516249 TI - [Helix pomatia--a source of the anti-A reagent]. PMID- 6516248 TI - [Complications of selective coronarography using Judkin's technic and their prevention]. PMID- 6516250 TI - [The effect of military training on maximal oxygen consumption, general muscle strength and body mass of female soldiers]. PMID- 6516252 TI - [Pneumococcal diseases]. PMID- 6516251 TI - [Injuries of the pelvis and pelvic organs]. PMID- 6516253 TI - [Resorption of permanent teeth]. PMID- 6516254 TI - [Acute poisoning with the herbicide diquat]. PMID- 6516255 TI - [Nodular goiter and thyroid cancer]. AB - The available literature data and the author's observations do not support the view that nodular goiter or adenoma constitute an indispensable stage of carcinogenesis in human thyroid gland. They also suggest that the chances of malignant transformation of single nodular formations in the thyroid gland are sometimes exaggerated. Therefore, radical approach to treatment of single nodular formations should be sometimes revised and indications for surgery may be limited to a reasonable degree. PMID- 6516256 TI - [Modification of a radical operation for thyroid cancer to prevent parathyroid insufficiency]. AB - Application of a modified extrafascial procedure for thyroid cancer intended to preserve vascularization of parathyroid glands was followed by a significantly reduced incidence of postoperative hypoparathyrosis. The procedure may be recommended for integration with therapeutical practice at specialized surgical and cancer control establishments engaged in thyroid gland treatment. PMID- 6516257 TI - [Surgical tactics and results of repeated operations in thyroid cancer]. AB - The data on 53 cases of repeated surgical intervention for thyroid cancer were analysed. Among the factors necessitating reoperation were the ineffectiveness or insufficient extent of tumor removal, relapse or metastases. Repeated intervention met with additional difficulties and involved more surgical trauma and more frequent complications (28%), particularly, in cases of tumor recurrence. The data on the end results of treatment lasting 2-24 years were studied. Thirty two patients have survived until present time (60.4%). The highest mortality rates were registered in cases of anaplastic and advanced well differentiated carcinomas. PMID- 6516258 TI - [Clinical application of 113mIn-chloride for indirect lower radionuclide lymphography in cancer patients]. AB - Carrier-free applications of 113mIn-chloride for indirect lower radionuclide lymphography were studied in 90 cancer patients. The period of radiolabel semiexcretion from site of injection (initial interdigital spaces of foot) ranged 25-74 min. 131mIn-chloride application provided a distinct visualization of retroperitoneal lymph nodes. The results of a radionuclide lymphographic study of 43 patients with uterine carcinoma were confirmed by postoperative histological examination of resected lymph nodes in 88%. The informative value of the pictures of retroperitoneal lymph nodes obtained by gamma chambers and scanners using 131mIn-chloride was essentially identical. PMID- 6516259 TI - [Individualization of polychemotherapy for stage III breast cancer based on immunologic status]. AB - Immunologic response was studied in 91 cases of stage III breast cancer who received a CFMVP polychemotherapy. 23 patients were given decaris for immunostimulation. All cases showed a significant decrease in cellular immunity. CFMVP-treated patients showing a decrease of 30% and more should receive 300 mg of decaris twice a week for 3 weeks. PMID- 6516260 TI - [In vitro sensitivity of epidermoid lung cancer to cytostatics depending upon the degree of tumor differentiation]. AB - In vitro sensitivity of epidermoid lung carcinoma to chemotherapeutic agents in short-term cultures versus degree of tumor differentiation was evaluated for the following drugs: 5-fluorouracil, methotrexate, olivomycin, bleomycin, carminomycin, adriablastin, prospidium chloride, vincristine, thiophosphamide, novembichine and photrine. The results of the investigation using resected material from 77 cases of histologically confirmed epidermoid lung carcinoma failed to establish any relationship between the parameters under study for all above drugs except vincristine. However, tumors showing similar levels of differentiation demonstrated different sensitivity to certain drugs. PMID- 6516261 TI - [Individual prognosis of 3-year survival in patients subjected to radical surgery for colonic cancer]. AB - A procedure for individual prognosis of surgical treatment of large bowel cancer based on certain clinico-morphological factors is discussed. The procedure is based on the criterion of three-year survival. Computer was used in the evaluation of the prognostic value of each factor using the data available at the Center. The most informative factors were selected to develop a model which gives a reliable prognosis for each case. Application of a multivariate statistical method yielded an optimal combination of prognostic factors and a decision rule was constructed. The credibility of the rule as evaluated on the basis of an additional sample proved to be 91.4%. PMID- 6516262 TI - [Sarcomas of pararectal fat]. AB - The paper presents a description of 9 cases of pararectal fat tissue sarcoma which have amounted to 12.8% of all benign and malignant tumors of this site registered within the last 13 years. Clinical course, procedures for diagnosis, surgical treatment and its results are discussed. PMID- 6516263 TI - [Transthoracic puncture biopsy in the diagnosis of peripheral lung neoplasms]. AB - Transthoracic puncture biopsy of the lung using an original procedure of application of an unsophisticated trocar was performed in 109 patients with peripheral neoplasms. The procedure was carried out by a surgeon and a roentgenologist and was monitored by means of the TYP-DE-800 TV installation provided with an electronic optical amplifier. Peripheral cancer was identified in 83 cases, metastases of tumors which arose at sites other than the lung--7; chronic abscess--8 and benign lesions in 11 cases. Owing to its high diagnostic value and safety, a wide-scale application of vacuum biopsy should be recommended in cases of peripheral pulmonary neoplasms (segmental and subsegmental) of uncertain etiology. PMID- 6516264 TI - [Multiple thromboembolic complications in pancreatic cancer]. PMID- 6516265 TI - [Neurilemmoma of the fibula (a case report)]. PMID- 6516266 TI - [Primary multiple involvement of the right lung with adenocarcinoma and carcinoid (a case report)]. PMID- 6516267 TI - [Effect of the time interval in preoperative irradiation on the pathomorphosis of esophageal cancer]. AB - The study was concerned with morphologic examination of resected esophagi from patients operated on for esophageal cancer at various intervals after radiotherapy with a total dose of 40-50 Gy. A correlation was established between the level of tumor destruction and duration of the interval between the said procedures of treatment. The results of the study suggest that the above interval should be as short as possible. PMID- 6516268 TI - [Evaluation of the immunological reactivity and hormonal profile in patients with breast cancer]. AB - Excretion of 17-HOCS and estrogens as well as the levels of E-RFC and time delayed DNCB and tuberculin (PPD) contact sensitization reaction were studied in 136 breast cancer patients. A decrease in immunological response in reproductive and menopausal patients was matched by the development of relative hyperestrogenism and elevation of 17-HOCS excretion in the former group and a rise in 17-HOCS excretion only in the latter. PMID- 6516269 TI - [Results of the surgical treatment of disseminated forms of stomach cancer]. AB - The paper discusses both immediate and end results of 1,090 total gastrectomies for treatment of cancer carried out in 1958-1982. Postoperative complication incidence decreased twofold within 25 years. A considerable drop in postoperative lethality has been registered, its rate staying lately under 9.6%. Five-year survival rate is 38.0%; ten year-17.1%. PMID- 6516270 TI - [International Statistical Classification of Diseases, 9th revision: Neoplasms]. PMID- 6516271 TI - [Comparative evaluation of surgical and combined treatment of cancer of the proximal region of the stomach]. AB - The paper deals with an analysis of the results of treatment of 351 cases of radical surgery for cancer of the proximal part of the stomach (surgery-303, surgery + preoperative large-fractionated radiation-48). It was found that radiation was not followed by increased blood loss during operation nor did it interfere with application of any surgical procedure. Concentrated irradiation did not involve an increment in postoperative lethality and complication rates. Five-year survival rates were 37.4 +/- 8.0 in cases of combined treatment and 20.4 +/- 2.7% in those of surgery. The improvement in survival rates recorded in cases of combined treatment was largely due to a decreased incidence of local recurrences. PMID- 6516272 TI - [Cytoplasmatic receptors of steroid hormones in malignant epithelial ovarian tumors]. AB - The levels of estrogen, progesterone, androgen and glucocorticoid receptors were assayed in 70 malignant epithelial tumors of human ovaries. The percentage of progesterone, androgen and glucocorticoid receptor-positive tumors was significantly higher in reproductive patients than in menopausal ones. Well differentiated serous cystadenocarcinomas showed a higher level of progesterone receptors than those characterized by poor differentiation of cells. It was found that steroid hormone receptor profile of primary tumor may be determined in its metastases into the greater omentum whenever tumor cannot be removed. In cases of preoperative chemotherapy, the percentage of receptor-positive ovarian tumors was lower. PMID- 6516274 TI - [The role of combined bronchoscopic examination in the diagnosis of central peribronchial lung cancer]. AB - A complex bronchoscopic study was conducted in 315 cases of central (predominantly peribronchial) cancer of the lung. Bronchial stenosis was diagnosed in all patients. Basic bronchoscopic signs of cancer-involved stenosis were described and the following three patterns--typical, relatively typical and atypical--were identified. The report discusses a rational combination of broncho bioptic methods of examination as well as the sequence of their application depending on degree of stenosis, tumor site and orientation of affected bronchial branches. The following procedures are instrumental in reliable cytomorphological confirmation of bronchial cancer: fibrobronchoscopy or combined application of rigid and elastic endoscopes in T1 tumor; combined or rigid bronchoscopy in T2 and rigid bronchoscopy only in T3 tumor. PMID- 6516273 TI - [Carcinogenic effect of a heavy catalytic gas oil]. AB - The carcinogenic effect of treatment with heavy catalytic gasoil on the skin of 120 albino noninbred mice was studied. Skin tumors arose in 97 of 115 animals (84.3%) which survived until the appearance of the first papillomas. In 21 mice, tumors were benign while cancer developed in 76 animals. 116 visceral neoplasms were detected in 99 animals (93.4%). They were found in the upper part of digestive tract of 57, the hematopoietic and lymphatic tissues of 57 and in the lungs of two animals. The study established a high carcinogenicity of heavy catalytic gasoil matched by early appearance and multicentric growth of tumors as well as rapid generalization of the process. PMID- 6516275 TI - [Medical rehabilitation of patients with ovarian tumors]. AB - The report deals with the results of a study of 60 cases of proliferating and 106 malignant tumors of the ovaries treated according to a special rehabilitation program for 1.5-10 years after primary therapy. The effectiveness of post treatment medical rehabilitation was shown to depend on the following major factors: patient's age, concomitant pathology, stage of disease, type and duration of therapy. Combined treatment-induced functional disturbances remained manifest in 31.6-80.6% of patients for more than a year. Recommendations for wider application of medical rehabilitation of ovarian cancer patients are discussed. PMID- 6516276 TI - [Characteristics of the therapeutic measures in breast cancer (based on data of the All-Union Center for the Study of the Effectiveness of Treatment of Cancer Patients)]. AB - The paper deals with the evaluation of methods of treatment of 13,170 breast cancer patients. Stage I-II tumors were detected in 53.0% of cases. Surgery which still remains to be the basic method of treatment for breast cancer was used alone or in combination with radiation, chemo- and hormonotherapy in 77.6%. Radical treatment was given to 80.0% of patients under 55 years and 44.0% aged 75 and more. The number of cases who received symptomatic therapy decreased from 4.9 to 3.5%, while the percentage of combined (radiosurgical) treatment increased from 21.1 in 1968-1972 to 30.9% in 1974-1978. PMID- 6516277 TI - [Combined treatment of malignant osteoblastoclastoma of the sacrum (a case report)]. PMID- 6516278 TI - [Current possibilities of the diagnosis and treatment of malignant ovarian tumors and trends in the development of the problem]. PMID- 6516279 TI - [Relation between carbohydrate metabolism, acid-base equilibrium and nutrition in persons performing physical and mental work in the Estonian SSR]. AB - During survey of nutrition and metabolism in the population of the Estonian SSR, a study was made of carbohydrate metabolism and acid-base balance (ABB) in subjects engaged in physical and brain work. It was demonstrated that disorders of carbohydrate metabolism and reduction in ABB toward acidosis were mostly observed in spring. Correlational analysis made it possible to establish the relationship between the changes indicated and nutrition. During autumn, nutrition was more rational than in spring. It was revealed that physical work favoured the normalization of carbohydrate metabolism. PMID- 6516280 TI - [Features of the actual diet of persons in the older age groups in the Abkhazian ASSR]. AB - Nutrition of the elderly population aged 60-90 years and over living in the rural areas of Abkhazia is conservative in nature. It is marked by strict adherence to national habits and traditions. The national features of the examined population include high consumption of dairy and vegetable products, low consumption of salt, sugar, meat, fish, vegetable oil, high content in the diets of acute flavors and vegetable sauces, moderate consumption of alcoholic drinks. In addition, nutrition of the examined population was found to be balanced almost in all main nutrients, in the magnitude of energy capacity, and to correlate with the formula of balanced nutrition. The nutrition pattern under discussion is marked by some characteristics whose role was evidenced by experimental prolongation of the lifetime. This pattern is completely deprived of the known alimentary risk factors of age-associated pathologies. The features of nutrition under consideration seem likely to be determined by the character of adaptation to the climatogeographic conditions and correlate with a good health status of the examinees and high level of longevity in the region under study. PMID- 6516281 TI - [Energy consumption of gastroenterology patients during complex sanatorium-health resort treatment]. AB - The gas exchange method was used to study energy expenditures of gastroenterological patients receiving regulated balneotherapeutic procedures, during therapeutic physical training, and terrain cure. The time card and tabular method was applied to determine energy expenditures of patients under the conditions of sparing and training regimens of health resort treatment. The daily energy expenditures amounted to 2714 +/- 61.1 kcal (11 355 +/- 255.6kJ) to 2252 +/- 54.1 kcal (9422.4 +/- 226.3kJ) for men and women, respectively under sparing regimen; to 3662 +/- 89,4 kcal (15 322 +/- 374,0 kJ) and 2924 +/- 78,8 kcal (12 234,0 +/- 329,7 kJ) for men and women, respectively under training regimen. The data obtained point to the necessity of a differentiated approach to the dietetics depending on the treatment regimen at gastroenterological sanatoria. PMID- 6516282 TI - [Vitamin supply of miners employed in modern highly-mechanized coal mines]. AB - The author studied vitamin C, B2, B6, E, A and carotinoid supply of the miners of modern highly mechanized coal mines. The reduction in the supply of the miners with individual vitamins and frequent manifestations of the microsymptoms of their deficiency were of the microsymptoms of their deficiency were linked to a definite degree with high physiological requirements of the miners, associated with the specificity of work at highly mechanized mines. PMID- 6516283 TI - [Morphologic changes in the kidneys in experimental cholino-protein deficiency]. AB - Experiments were made on male Wistar rats fed the cirrhosogenous diet deficient in protein and choline (group I), protein deficient diet with choline addition (group II), and the animal house diet (group III). Based on histological and electron microscopy studies of rat kidneys and liver made 10 months after the onset of experiments, the group I animals developed glomerulopathy with tubulointerstitial component in the presence of liver fibrosis and cirrhosis. The animals belonging to group II with fatty hepatosis had a similar liver lesion, which was less marked, however. The liver lesion in rats with liver cirrhosis was marked by depositions in the mesangial matrix and in the basal membrane of glomerular capillaries. The severity of the pathological process in the kidneys directly correlated with the morphofunctional status of the liver. Alterations in the liver of the group III animals (with the histological liver structure being normal) were regarded as age-associated. PMID- 6516284 TI - [Safety of a new food product--a dry protein mixture]. AB - A study was made of the safety of a product consisting of dry clarified blood obtained by means of the peroxide-catalase system, and dry defattened milk in a ratio of 1:1. White rats received the diets containing casein as a source of protein (control) and a dry protein mixture (experimental). In acute experiments, the animals received 36% of protein as regards the caloricity, the experiment lasted 30 days. The general status of the rats, the time-course of changes in the body weight, and feed eating up were placed under observation. A study was made of the microstructure and relative weight of the internal organs (liver, kidneys, spleen, gastric and intestinal mucosa). In chronic experiments, lasting 12 months, the rats received 18% of protein as regards the caloricity. Besides, a study was made of water excretory and concentration functions of the kidneys, protein and lipid metabolism, as well as of the embryotoxic and teratogenic action of the product and of its effect on reproductive function. The diet containing the dry protein mixture was found to produce no adverse effect on the body status. PMID- 6516285 TI - [Apropos of the article by A. M. Safronova, "Determination of the maximum possible raw meat substitution by protein isolates in formulated products", published in the journal "Voprosy pitaniia", No. 6, p. 33, 1983]. PMID- 6516286 TI - [Effect of iron-deficient diets on the formation of bone tissue]. AB - The effect of the iron-deficient diets on osseous tissue formation was studied in long-term experiments. During intense growth, iron deficiency led to a decrease in the content of hexosamines, in the activity of phosphomonoesterase I and calcium, delay in collagen maturation in the femoral bones, as well as to phosphorus-calcium metabolic disorders. Histological examination revealed thickening of the articular cartilage, an increase in the number and volume of osteocytes, islets of the proliferative osteocytes on the part of the endosteum, and a number of dystrophic abnormalities. PMID- 6516287 TI - [Ascorbic acid supply and cytochrome P-450 levels in guinea pig liver after dimethylformamide poisoning]. AB - The universal solvent dimethylformamide (DMFA) administered to guinea-pigs in a dose of 400 mg/kg bw per os for 14 days produced a considerable decrease in the content of total and reduced ascorbic acid (AA) in the liver, in all forms of AA in the adrenals, and lowering of vitamin C excretion with daily urine. The liver showed an increase in the concentration of dehydroascorbic acid and diminution of the concentration of cytochrome P-450 detected in liver homogenates. Additional administration of AA (50 mg/day) recovered the lowered level of the vitamin in the liver and adrenals but did not make the daily excretion of AA with urine return to normal. Additional administration of vitamin C to guinea-pigs recovered the level of cytochrome P-450 in liver homogenates, which was reduced during DMFA poisoning. One of the reasons for the development of vitamin C deficiency during DMFA poisoning is likely to be high oxidation of AA. PMID- 6516288 TI - [Hygienic characteristics of a naphthoquinone preservative (juglone)]. PMID- 6516289 TI - [Hygienic standards for plictran in food products]. PMID- 6516290 TI - [Experimental evaluation of the biological value of propiono-acidophilus mixtures "Maliutka" and "Malysh"]. PMID- 6516291 TI - [Experience in organizing sanitary inspection of nutrition services for machine operators]. PMID- 6516292 TI - A single-step method for the isolation of antithrombin III. AB - A single-step method is described for the isolation of a highly purified antithrombin III (AT III) concentrate at a recovery of over 30% using affinity chromatography on heparin-Sepharose (HS). The polyethylene glycol precipitation step frequently employed in the preparation of AT III concentrates for clinical use has been eliminated and purification is accomplished entirely by optimizing the salt concentration in the HS washing buffer to enhance the desorption of impurities prior to elution of AT III. Pasteurization of the AT III concentrate in the presence of 0.5 M sodium citrate to minimize the risk of hepatitis decreases the recovery by about 20% and induces changes in the patterns obtained by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and by crossed immunoelectrophoresis in heparinized agarose gel. PMID- 6516293 TI - Platelet function of room temperature platelet concentrates stored in a new plastic material with high gas permeability. AB - In vitro platelet function during 7 days of storage at room temperature was studied in a conventional polyvinylchloride plastic bag F 76 and in a new plastic bag F 702 which contained as plasticizer a phtalateester analogue. This new material has increased permeability to oxygen and carbon dioxide, and therefore a pH decrease does not occur during 7 days of platelet storage. The decrease of plasma glucose concentration and the increase of plasma lactate in the new bag is less than in the standard plastic currently in use. In vitro platelet function measured as hypotonic shock reaction, aggregation response to ADP and collagen and 14C-serotonine uptake was better than that found with the standard material. The data indicate that the use of the new platelet storage container F702 will permit satisfactory storage for at least 5 days at 22 degrees C. It is suggested that it will even improve the quality, as measured by in vitro tests, of platelets stored up to 72 h compared to the standard plastic. PMID- 6516294 TI - Immunoglobulin class heterogeneity of platelet alloantibodies. AB - The immunoglobulin classes of platelet alloantibodies were studied using monospecific antisera in a radiolabeled technique. 14 of 28 consecutively studied multiply transfused oncology patients demonstrated platelet antibodies. These 14 patients were also refractory to random donor platelets. The immunoglobulin classes of these platelet antibodies were found to be: IgG alone 4, IgM alone 4, IgG and IgM 5, IgM plus IgA1. The results in this study suggest that using monospecific antisera other than anti-IgG alone, one can detect additional antibodies involved in the immune destruction of platelets. PMID- 6516295 TI - A mouse monoclonal antibody with anti-A,(B) specificity which agglutinates Ax cells. AB - A hybridoma (ES-15) was obtained by fusing the NS-1 cell line with spleen cells from a mouse immunised with soluble blood group A2 substance. The cloned hybridoma culture supernatant was shown to contain an IgM class antibody which strongly agglutinates group A cells and weakly agglutinates group B cells. The serological specificity of this antibody is described as anti-A,(B) in this report. The abilities of unconcentrated monoclonal anti-A,(B), a commercial human polyclonal anti-A,B (group O serum) and a commercial monoclonal anti-A reagent to detect 15 examples of Ax cells were compared by both slide and tube techniques. Using a slide technique monoclonal anti-A,(B) agglutinated 14 examples of Ax cells, human anti-A,B 2 examples, while monoclonal anti-A failed to detect any of the Ax cells tested. Similar differences in the reactivity of the three antibodies were observed using a tube technique. Data are also presented which show that a 1:1 (v/v) mixture of monoclonal anti-A,(B) with a monoclonal anti-B reagent is an effective replacement for human anti-A,B in ABO grouping procedures. PMID- 6516296 TI - [Tasks in further raising the methodological and ideological level of the teaching of medical disciplines]. PMID- 6516297 TI - [Effectiveness of using levamisole in workers sensitized to hexavalent chromium]. PMID- 6516298 TI - [Function of the sympathetic-adrenal system in spinning industry workers]. PMID- 6516299 TI - [Myocardial lesions in tetanus]. PMID- 6516300 TI - [Role of the teaching of deontology to therapists in advanced training institutes for physicians]. PMID- 6516301 TI - [Hepatobiliary diseases as a risk factor in peptic ulcer]. PMID- 6516302 TI - [Stomach secretion studied by intubation and radiotelemetric methods and Linar's intragastric pH probe in chronic gastritis]. PMID- 6516303 TI - [2-channel gastric probe]. PMID- 6516304 TI - [Secondary gastroduodenal ulcers and erosions in patients with chronic liver and pancreatic diseases]. PMID- 6516305 TI - [Differential diagnosis of cavitary formations in the lungs]. PMID- 6516306 TI - [Lipoprotein metabolism, tocopherol level and peroxide imbalance in patients with nonspecific lung diseases]. PMID- 6516307 TI - [Effect of alcohol on the course of acute pneumonias]. PMID- 6516308 TI - [Characteristics of erythrocyte energy metabolism in ischemic heart disease patients]. PMID- 6516309 TI - [Assessment of left ventricular function in ischemic heart disease patients using contrast ventriculography during atrial stimulation]. PMID- 6516310 TI - [Disorders of blood coagulation homeostasis in the pathogenesis of intravascular blood coagulation and thrombus formation]. PMID- 6516311 TI - [Blood oxygenation and the diastolic phase structure in the initial stage of heart failure]. PMID- 6516312 TI - [Modification of the integral rheography method]. PMID- 6516313 TI - [Computed tomography in malignant lesions of the chest wall]. PMID- 6516314 TI - [Cerebral blood flow in hypertension patients]. PMID- 6516315 TI - [Changes in the blood acetylcholine and cholinesterase indices of syringomyelia patients]. PMID- 6516316 TI - [Motor analyzer function in disseminated sclerosis patients based on bicycle ergometry data]. PMID- 6516317 TI - [Pseudoneurasthenic form of disseminated sclerosis]. PMID- 6516318 TI - [Erythrocyte deformability and thiol compounds in diabetes mellitus patients]. PMID- 6516319 TI - [Kidney changes in circulatory failure]. PMID- 6516320 TI - [Morphological criteria of the effectiveness of using kordaron and obzidan in experimental myocardial ischemia]. PMID- 6516321 TI - [Case of anaphylactic shock during local trimecaine anesthesia]. PMID- 6516322 TI - [Clinico-morphological changes in the skin and internal organs in congenital epidermolysis bullosa]. PMID- 6516323 TI - [Treatment of erosive-ulcerative processes in the skin with a low-intensity helium-neon laser]. PMID- 6516324 TI - [Safety and effectiveness study of the aerosol method of administering inactivated influenza chromatographic vaccine in an experiment]. AB - Experiments in laboratory animals demonstrated safety, areactogenicity, and low allergenic potential of inactivated influenza chromatographic vaccine (IICV) administered by aerosol method. Aerosol immunization of white rats resulted in the development of the same level of secretory antibody as after intraperitoneal inoculation of IICV but the immunizing aspirational dose was 10-20 times as low as parenteral. Marked protection of mice was achieved after triple aerosol immunization of immunologically experienced animals. PMID- 6516325 TI - [Effect of a number of preparations on the function of the immune system in experimental influenza in mice]. AB - (CBA X C57B1) X F1 mice were sensitized intraperitoneally with sheep erythrocytes and infected with influenza A viruses: nonpathogenic Leningrad-77 (H1N1) or pathogenic PR8 (HON1), before or five days after administration into the oesophagus of sodium succinate, levamisole, complexes I (panangin, sodium succinate, sodium glutamate) and 2 (lipoic acid, phosphothyamine, riboflavin, sodium pantothenate). The number of rosette-forming cells (RFC) in the spleen at 7 and 14 days postinfection, antibody titres, interferon level in the blood, the amount of virus in the lungs, spleen and lung morphology were studied. All the preparations used were found to increase the number of RFC in the spleen. Most effective were levamisole before infection, sodium succinate after infection, combination thereof, complex I after infection. PMID- 6516326 TI - [Persistent influenza virus infection in a MDCK cell culture]. AB - A model of persistent influenza infection (PII) induced by influenza A/Victoria/35/72 (H3N2) virus in MDCK cell culture has been constructed. The model was observed for 165 days. It was characterized by the lack of visible signs of virus reproduction, a low number of antigen-containing cells (0.02 0.05%), irregular virus isolation (at 20, 28, 32, 44, 52, 62, 92, 135, 148, 158 days after primary inoculation) which was possible only with special methods. Interferon and DIP were found not to be the factors responsible for maintenance of PII in MDCK culture. PMID- 6516327 TI - [Virus-like particles in cultures of rheumatoid synovial cells]. AB - Cultures of synovial cells from 8 patients with classical or determined rheumatoid arthritis and 3 patients with non-rheumatoid arthrosis were examined electron microscopically. Cells of the monolayer formed upon prolonged incubation of tissue pieces had the conventional ultrastructure of synovial cells. In 2 out of 8 cultures of rheumatoid synovial cells after 14 days of incubation, budding virus-like particles with the external diameter of 100-120 nm were observed. Morphologically these particles were very similar to retroviruses. Isolated particles had a buoyant density in sucrose of 1.15-1.17 g/cm3. PMID- 6516328 TI - [Sensitivity to remantadine and ribavirin of influenza A virus resistant to 2-(1' aminoethyl)-bicyclo(2.2.1)heptane hydrochloride]. PMID- 6516329 TI - [Changes in the properties of the mumps virus during persistence in cell cultures]. PMID- 6516330 TI - International nonproprietary names for pharmaceutical substances. PMID- 6516331 TI - Evaluation of hemoptysis in patients with a normal chest roentgenogram. AB - Hemoptysis is a common presenting complaint in patients with pulmonary disease. Although controversial, many clinicians suggest that all patients with hemoptysis should be evaluated with bronchoscopy to exclude the presence of a serious pathologic condition. We reviewed records for an 18-month period, during which 113 patients had hemoptysis as their principal complaint. In all, 26 of the 113 patients had normal chest roentgenograms. All underwent bronchoscopy as part of their evaluations. Results of bronchoscopy in these patients neither altered therapeutic decisions nor led to diagnoses of specific pathologic processes. We conclude that close observation of patients with normal chest roentgenograms who have hemoptysis may be an acceptable clinical approach. PMID- 6516332 TI - Hepatitis B prevention in small rural hospitals. AB - A retrospective study of 246 potential hepatitis B exposure incidents in 12 rural hospitals in Arizona over a two-year period revealed a rate of 6.3 incidents per 100 employees per year. Needle punctures accounted for 68% of the incidents; 17% were cuts from instruments or broken glassware. Although 51% occurred in nursing personnel, housekeepers accounted for a surprising 19.5% of the reports. Only 50% of the employees received any medical attention following incidents. None received hepatitis B immune globulin (HBIG); seven received immune globulin (IG). The mean cost to the hospitals for the 122 incidents where treatment was given was $64.50 per incident. In all, 10 hospitals had no written policy for hepatitis B prevention, 3 did not stock IG and 11 did not stock HBIG. There was little awareness of hepatitis B as a nosocomial problem within these institutions, perhaps because no reported cases of clinical hepatitis B occurred in employees of the 12 hospitals in the two years. PMID- 6516333 TI - School screening for scoliosis. One experience in California using clinical examination and moire photography. AB - In 1980 the legislature of the state of California mandated that school screening programs for scoliosis be implemented. This law resulted in variations in methods and efficacy of the programs. One such program using clinical examination and moire photography was administered to adolescent girls in two secondary schools in Santa Clara County. The findings of 10% of the clinical examinations were ruled to be "positive," 18% on moire photography alone and 8% on both examinations. The correlation between the two diagnostic procedures was poor (r = .16). Follow-up was done to determine the outcome of the "positive" cases. In all, 25% of the children classified as having scoliosis had no medical follow-up one year from the request by the screening program team. The documented false positive rate was 15% based on the screening examination. Definitive radiographic evaluation was reported in very few of the positive cases. Our experience shows the weakness of local programs that have no subject follow-up. It is suggested that public education may be a more effective solution than mass school screening mandates. PMID- 6516334 TI - Centruroides exilicauda envenomation in Arizona. AB - A retrospective survey of 1,135 telephone calls during 1980 and 1981, reporting scorpion envenomation to the Arizona Poison and Drug Information Center, was reviewed. Of these, 438 calls identified Centruroides exilicauda as the offending scorpion on the basis of description of the arthropod and consistency of physical findings and clinical course. Envenomation by C exilicauda occurred primarily in adults during the summer and early fall months of the year. Although most patients (92%) were treated at home with conservative therapy, 8% of patients either came to or were referred to a medical facility. Children younger than 5 years were frequently brought or were referred to either emergency care or inpatient hospital care. We conclude on the basis of this series that despite the historical reputation of lethality associated with envenomation by C exilicauda, most envenomations by this scorpion are relatively minor. The other important observation was that children younger than 5 years appear to be particularly prone to severe toxicity. PMID- 6516335 TI - Magnetic resonance imaging. Part II--Clinical applications. AB - Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging is the most promising new technology to appear in the clinical imaging arena since the advent of x-ray transmission computed tomography in the early 1970s. Five independent tissue characteristics (spin density, spin-lattice and spin-spin relaxation times, flow and spectral shift information) are accessible to MR imaging, and their relative influence in the magnetic resonance image can be varied by appropriate selection of pulse sequences and pulse times. All major organ systems appear to be amenable to MR imaging, and some are revealed with superior definition compared with their appearance in images obtained by alternate imaging technologies. Of particular interest is the superior contrast resolution in MR images of the brain and spinal cord, and the absence of bone- and motion-induced artifacts in images of the abdomen and pelvis. Applications of MR imaging to the heart and great vessels are just developing, as are new types of contrast agents for use in MR imaging. In vivo chemical spectroscopic measurements by magnetic resonance are heralded by some investigators as the most significant contribution that magnetic resonance will make ultimately to clinical diagnosis. At present, the number of MR imaging units is extremely low, and clinical studies are proceeding at a slow rate. Nevertheless, it is possible to provide a preliminary evaluation of the usefulness of MR imaging in a variety of clinical applications. This article is such an evaluation, tempered by the acknowledgement that much additional work remains to be done. PMID- 6516337 TI - Hyperkalemia. AB - These discussions are selected from the weekly staff conferences in the Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco. Taken from transcriptions, they are prepared by Drs Homer A. Boushey, Associate Professor of Medicine, and David G. Warnock, Associate Professor of Medicine, under the direction of Dr Lloyd H. Smith, Jr, Professor of Medicine and Chairman of the Department of Medicine. Requests for reprints should be sent to the Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA 94143 PMID- 6516338 TI - Power on the demand side of health care. PMID- 6516336 TI - Recent trends in the management of life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias. AB - An edited summary of an Interdepartmental Conference arranged by the Department of Medicine, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles. William M. Pardridge, MD, Associate Professor of Medicine, is Director of Conferences. This study was supported in part by grants from the Public Health Service; the National Institutes of Health (HL-23970, 1978-1981); the Medical Research Service of the Veterans Administration, and the American Heart Association, the Greater Los Angeles Affiliate. PMID- 6516339 TI - Sudden cardiac death--a perspective. PMID- 6516340 TI - Adult hemolytic-uremic syndrome and bone marrow necrosis. PMID- 6516341 TI - Tuberculous involvement of a polymicrobial liver abscess. PMID- 6516342 TI - Pelvic pain cured by pelvic examination. PMID- 6516343 TI - Carcinoma as a possible complication of jejunoileal bypass operation. PMID- 6516344 TI - Familial hiatal hernia. PMID- 6516345 TI - Private sector financing for medical education. PMID- 6516346 TI - Oral contraceptives and venous thrombosis. PMID- 6516347 TI - Relationship between costs and quality of medical care. PMID- 6516348 TI - Enterococcal endocarditis after sigmoidoscopy. PMID- 6516349 TI - The disuse syndrome. AB - Our cultural sedentariness, recently acquired, lies at the base of much human ill being. Physical inactivity predictably leads to deterioration of many body functions. A number of these effects coexist so frequently in our society that they merit inclusion in a specific syndrome, the disuse syndrome. The identifying characteristics of the syndrome are cardiovascular vulnerability, obesity, musculoskeletal fragility, depression and premature aging. The syndrome is experimentally reproducible and, significantly, the clinical features are subject to both preventive and restitutive efforts that happily are cheap, safe, accessible and effective. PMID- 6516350 TI - Diagnosis and treatment of myocardial disease in infants and children. PMID- 6516351 TI - [Morphine in analgesic anesthesia]. PMID- 6516352 TI - [Bilharziasis of the urinary tract]. PMID- 6516353 TI - [Leiomyomas of the upper gastrointestinal tract]. PMID- 6516354 TI - [Giant pseudomucinous cyst of the appendix with partial invagination in the cecum]. PMID- 6516355 TI - [Leiomyosarcoma of the jejunum]. PMID- 6516356 TI - [Effect of hormones on renal regulation of volemia]. PMID- 6516357 TI - [Preventive services of physicians in general outpatient clinics and health centers with regard to primary health care]. PMID- 6516358 TI - [Analgesic effect of 0.25% marcaine in intercostal nerve block after cholecystectomy]. PMID- 6516359 TI - [Selected indicators of effort load in parturients from the aspect of exertion physiology]. PMID- 6516360 TI - [Somatic disorders and personality characteristics in patients with recent myocardial infarct]. PMID- 6516361 TI - [Effect of initial absolute lymphocyte count on persistence of HBs antigenemia in acute viral hepatitis]. PMID- 6516362 TI - [Analysis of causes of death among children]. PMID- 6516363 TI - [Septicemia--diagnostic and therapeutic difficulties]. PMID- 6516364 TI - [Marfan syndrome in the light of observed cases]. PMID- 6516365 TI - [An unusual cause of irritable bowel syndrome]. PMID- 6516366 TI - [Acute torsion of the gallbladder]. PMID- 6516367 TI - [Rare case of clear-cell carcinoma of the kidney with metastasis of the mandible]. PMID- 6516368 TI - [Case of Parsonage-Turner syndrome]. PMID- 6516369 TI - [Proteinuria--selected physiopathological and clinical problems]. PMID- 6516370 TI - [The necessity of teaching medical Latin]. PMID- 6516371 TI - [Use of extended electrocardiographic studies from the posterior area of the chest in the diagnosis of myocardial infarction in the left-ventricular wall]. PMID- 6516372 TI - [Tobacco smoking habit among schoolchildren and students in Lublin]. PMID- 6516373 TI - [Serum immunoglobulins M, A and G in acute food poisoning of various etiologies]. PMID- 6516374 TI - [Relationship between excessive alcohol drinking and laryngeal cancer]. PMID- 6516375 TI - [Exertion metabolism as an indicator of changes in blood glucose level in physiological labor]. PMID- 6516376 TI - [Case of calculi of the pulmonary alveoli]. PMID- 6516377 TI - [Case of temporal arteritis]. PMID- 6516378 TI - [Unusual complications of total colectomy in ulcerative colitis]. PMID- 6516379 TI - [Squamous-cell carcinoma of the thyroid gland]. PMID- 6516380 TI - [Removal of gastric foreign bodies by the endoscopic method using a diathermy loop]. PMID- 6516381 TI - [Primary hypoparathyroidism diagnosed and treated as epilepsy]. PMID- 6516382 TI - [Prenatal care]. PMID- 6516383 TI - [Serum immunoglobulin levels in infants and children up to 2 years of age with pneumonia]. PMID- 6516384 TI - [Drug resistance of Salmonella strains]. PMID- 6516385 TI - [Pleural hematoma with an unusual course]. PMID- 6516386 TI - [2 coexistent aortic aneurysms with the symptoms of polyradiculitis and renal colic]. PMID- 6516387 TI - [A case of carcinosarcoma of the breast]. PMID- 6516388 TI - [Retrorectal neurofibroma]. PMID- 6516389 TI - [Nasopharyngeal lymphoepithelioma in a 14-year-old boy]. PMID- 6516390 TI - [Cases of rare localization of Konig's disease]. PMID- 6516391 TI - [Case of progressive open hydrocephalus with normal cerebrospinal fluid pressure in neurosyphilis]. PMID- 6516392 TI - [A case of aneurysmal cyst of a cervical vertebra]. PMID- 6516393 TI - [Congenital aplasia of the vas deferens]. PMID- 6516394 TI - [Delusions of parasitic infestation in somatic disease; interpretation based on the dissolution theory]. PMID- 6516395 TI - [Current views on the taxonomy of Monogenea]. PMID- 6516396 TI - Caligus sicarius N. Sp. (Copepoda: Siphonostomatoida), a parasite of Crenimugil crenilabris (Forskal, 1775) (Pisces: Teleostei) in the Gulf of Aqaba. PMID- 6516397 TI - Coccidiofauna of cultured and feral fishes in fish farms. PMID- 6516398 TI - [New species of fish coccidia in Poland]. PMID- 6516399 TI - [Polymorphism of Trypanosoma Gruby, 1841 found in the blood of carp (Carassius auratus Gibelio (Bloch), perch (Perca fluviatilis L.) and stone perch (Acerina cernua (L.))]. PMID- 6516400 TI - [Aspartate and alanine aminotransferase activity in homogenates of tapeworms Bothriocephalus gowkongensis Yeh, 1955 and Khavia sinensis Hsu, 1935]. PMID- 6516401 TI - [Acid phosphatase activity in homogenates of tapeworms Khawia sinensis (Hsu, 1935) and Bothriocephalus gowkongensis (Yen, 1955)]. PMID- 6516402 TI - [Acid phosphatase activity in the internal organs of carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) infected with tapeworm Khawia sinensis (Hsu, 1935) and Bothriocephalus gowkongensis (Yeh, 1955)]. PMID- 6516403 TI - [Role of feral fishes in the transmission of parasitic infections among breeding fishes]. PMID- 6516404 TI - [Superficial injuries in fish caused by parasitic Isopoda or various predatory fishes]. PMID- 6516405 TI - [Hirudinea fauna of the lower segment of the river Biebrza and its old beds]. PMID- 6516406 TI - [Hirudinea fauna of clay pits in Stanowice near Swiebodzice (Lower Silesia)]. PMID- 6516407 TI - [Correlations between the clinical symptoms of cerebral ischemia and its angiographic findings]. AB - Statistical correlations were sought between the clinical data, the neurological signs and the results of angiography in 224 patients who had had panangiography for cerebral ischaemia. With advancing age there is an increase in the incidence of stenosis, but not of occlusion in the cervical portion of the carotid artery. Patients who suffer from peripheral or coronary occlusive artery disease have a higher incidence of stenosis and occlusion of the cervical carotid artery, but most are clinically silent. If there is a cardiac source of embolism, the main lesions are found in the middle cerebral artery. The frequency of middle cerebral artery branch occlusions is elevated in areas distal to stenosis and occlusion of the carotid artery. More than half of the patients whose neurological deficit augmented over a period exceeding one day have lesions in the cervical carotid artery. The degree of narrowing of the carotid or middle cerebral artery shows a negative correlation with neurological recovery, but in transient ischaemic attacks with recovery under one hour there is a high incidence of carotid artery stenosis. As to the neurologic symptoms there was a clear difference between the findings in medial cerebral artery ischaemia and those in vertebrobasilar ischaemia. Furthermore, the findings in the former condition show a positive correlation with the gravity of the deficit, whilst those of the vertebrobasilar artery correlate with the symptoms of a lacunar state. 9 of 10 patients with amaurosis fugax had lesions of the ipsilateral carotid artery.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6516408 TI - [Neurological complications of chronic alcoholism]. AB - Almost all the patients admitted over a six-month period and treated in the neurological and psychiatric University departments at Lubeck because of alcoholism and its sequelae were submitted to a standardized neuropsychiatric investigation. The diagnosis was confirmed by the Munchner Alkoholismustest (MALT). Alcoholic polyneuropathy was the most frequent neurological sequel, affecting 30% of the 153 patients, followed by delirium tremens with an incidence of 21.6% and by alcohol-induced seizures (20.9%). Wernicke's encephalopathy was diagnosed in 3 cases (2%) and alcoholic cerebellar atrophy in 2 cases (1.2%). Hepatopathy was established in 43.8% of all cases. Neither the duration of alcoholism, the preferred kind of liquor, the patient's social class nor nutritional status showed any significant correlation to the appearance of neurological complications. Delirium tremens and alcohol-induced seizures appeared most frequently in cases with symptoms of diffuse brain damage, as measured by the incidence and severity of organic psychoses. The characteristic features of the various secondary diseases are pointed out and their pathogenetic connections are discussed in the light of the clinical findings. PMID- 6516409 TI - [Paroxysmal brain stem ischemia in a combination of thoracic outlet syndrome with contralateral subclavian steal syndrome]. AB - Mechanical irritation of the right subclavian artery in the scalenus region and stenosis of the contralateral subclavian artery in combination with hypoplasia of the vertebral artery led to recurrent neurological symptoms in a 41 year-old female patient. Sudden loss of consciousness, episodes of dizziness, vomiting and paraesthesiae occurred as a result of manoeuvres involving turning the head and lifting the right arm. A significant blood pressure difference between both arms and a stenotic bruit were found. Angiography revealed the "subclavian steal syndrome" with stenosis of the left subclavian artery and hypoplasia of the left vertebral artery. On operation of the right scalenus region an atypically angled origin of the right vertebral artery was detected. After dissection of the scalenus anticus muscle and-in a second step-transaxillary resection of the first rib the patient has remained symptom-free for the past 24 months. PMID- 6516410 TI - [Duration of spiral after-effects in psychosomatic patients (a psychophysiologic study and analysis of data using multivariate procedures)]. AB - In a psychophysiological study the spiral after-effect, as measured by means of the Archimedes spiral, was investigated in 182 patients with psychosomatic disorders including duodenal ulcers, ulcerative colitis, anorexia nervosa, asthma and heart neurosis and compared with the results obtained in a control group of healthy volunteers (n = 30). Using multivariate data analysis it was possible to divide the total group of psychosomatic patients into various different subgroups which parallelled the subdivision from the clinical point of view. Moreover, the objectivation of the influence of psychotherapy lasting for 6 weeks on the duration of the after-effect was shown by this technique. These results suggest that the determination of the duration of the spiral after-effect may be of value in clinical psychodiagnostics. PMID- 6516412 TI - [Pediatric pneumology--do we once again need a new subspecialty?]. PMID- 6516411 TI - [Recent clinical knowledge of cytoplasmic substances in myogenic and neuromuscular diseases, especially in muscular dystrophy, Duchenne type]. AB - Up to now there has been no known causal therapy of numerous myogenic and neuromuscular diseases. Among other disorders the genetic muscular dystrophies- especially the malignant Duchenne type, as well as the spinal and neuromuscular dystrophies--cause considerable problems in therapy. Nevertheless there are possibilities of positively influencing the clinical picture and course of the disease by skillful physical training and symptomatic medication. It is sometimes possible, by means of such therapy, to obtain--within limitations imposed by irreparable lesions-stabilization of the clinical state with prolongation of walking ability and amelioration of other motor functions. Nevertheless, such improvement is only transient, because in all patients the process progresses sooner or later. Significant effects were registered of so-called cytoplasmic substances or "biological response modifiers" (particles of protoplasm consisting of nuclei, mitochondria, microsomes and membranes of fresh organic material from healthy young animals and animal fetuses) in an uncommonly large collective of boys with Duchenne muscular dystrophy, as evaluated by follow-up control of the serum enzyme index and creatinine creatine excretion rate. The role of calcium and the possible effect of proteinase-inhibitors are discussed among other pathogenetic aspects. Reference is also made to potential therapeutic effects of cytoplasmic substances in spinal and neuromuscular atrophies on the basis of initial preliminary clinical experience in this field. PMID- 6516413 TI - [Cytostatic pneumonitis in children. Pathogenetic and morphologic aspects]. AB - Pulmonary complications of cytostatic treatment have been reported with increasing frequency in children treated for leukaemia. A report is given of the morphology of biopsy specimens of children receiving combined cytostatic treatment complicated by fatal pneumonitis. Histology showed fibrosing interstitial changes with variable phases of proliferation. In addition, unusual proliferation of epithelium and massive increase and activation of the monocyte macrophage system were observed. Histochemical analysis permitted histogenetic classification of proliferating, and in part atypical, cell forms. Knowledge of the relevant clinical data is essential otherwise the findings cannot be differentiated with certainty from paraneoplastic epithelial anomalies or atypical cells induced by virus infection. The prognosis of cytostatic pneumonitis decisively depends on early correct diagnosis. Complete restitution without typical pulmonary fibrosis can be expected only under ideal conditions, i.e. timely exclusion of the detrimental cytostatics. PMID- 6516414 TI - [Peculiarities of the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of theophylline in children]. AB - Pharmacologically relevant factors such as enteral absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion are age-dependent. The absorption of theophylline given in aqueous solution to prenatal infants with apnoea is markedly reduced when administered along with the infant's feed. The metabolic pathway of theophylline depends on the age group. Newborn and older infants form the pharmacodynamically active metabolite, caffeine. The main metabolites 1.3-dimethyl-uric acid and 3 methylxanthine are detectable, as in adults, but 1-methyl-uric acid remains below the demonstrable serum concentration level in infants of our study. The elimination velocity of theophylline is also dependent on the age. In order to achieve effective theophylline concentrations in the serum with oral preparations the galenic properties of the sustained-release products are decisive. By contrast, there was no difference between intravenous administration as permanent infusion or bolus injection. The data presented underline that in the treatment of apnea in premature infants as well as in the treatment of asthma in older children individual controls of serum concentrations are required to achieve further improvement of therapeutic success. PMID- 6516416 TI - [Effect of nutrition on the pathogenesis and metaphylaxis of urinary calculi]. AB - A short historical review precedes an outline of the impact of eating habits and various nutritional factors on the pathogenesis of urinary stone formation. In the second part of the paper the place of restrictive dietary measures in prophylactic regimes is discussed. Apart from individual restrictions, the increased ingestion of certain foodstuffs may contribute to the successful prophylaxis of urolithiasis. This is documented on the basis of foodstuffs with a high content of citrate and magnesium. According to these findings an alteration of dietary and drinking habits should be a fundamental component of the management schedule of patients with urolithiasis. PMID- 6516415 TI - Amyloid vascular disease and contracted kidneys--report of a case with review of literature. AB - A case of systemic amyloidosis associated with bronchiectasis is presented. At necropsy, contracted kidneys and centrilobular necrosis of the liver were observed. Systemic blood vessels had heavy deposition of amyloid, and the possibility of visceral ischemia and the development of contracted kidneys due to amyloid vascular disease as a pathogenetic relationship, was discussed against the background of a review of the literature. PMID- 6516417 TI - [Repeated internal urethrotomy in male urethral stricture]. AB - The results of further treatment of 40 patients with recurrence of urethral stricture following internal urethrotomy are assessed. Repeat internal urethrotomy was often successful even in cases presenting with extensive stricture, multiple stenoses or stenosis in an unfavourable site. Altogether 47% of the patients remained recurrence-free after the second attempt at internal urethrotomy. Open surgery was necessary in 3 patients. In old or unfit patients who could not be subjected to open surgery internal urethrotomy was performed up to 5 or even 6 times. This operation is often preferred by patients to conservative forms of treatment such as bougienage or an indwelling catheter. It is tolerated well, even on a repeated basis and the complication rate is low. PMID- 6516418 TI - [Prognosis and management of patients with tachycardial heart arrhythmia ]. AB - Improvement of diagnostic procedures and control of efficacy are prerequisites for the adequate treatment of malignant ventricular arrhythmias. This necessitates a close cooperation between specialized centers which are mainly involved in the treatment of arrhythmia patients and physicians in private practice. The significance of antiarrhythmic treatment concerning the improvement of prognosis of patients with ventricular arrhythmias has to be defined by follow up. PMID- 6516419 TI - [Non-invasive diagnosis of tachycardial heart arrhythmias]. AB - The exact recognition of arrhythmias (AR) is the basis for decision making weather to treat AR or not. During the past the field of non-invasive, diagnostic tools approached from a simple 12-lead-routine ECG to higher sophisticated methods. This paper deals with the advantages and disadvantages of those non invasive methods for AR-detection. Exercise Stress Tests (ET) are of value for the detection of "exercise induced" ventricular arrhythmias and tachycardias frequently related to ischaemia or cardiac congestion. ECG-Telemetry recognizes AR during the postinfarction-period during moderate exercise. The transmission of the ECG via the public telephone net (ECG-Telephone-Telemetry) is used in symptomatic patients possibly related to AR. With the ECG-TTM AR can be excluded in one third and in another third confirmed as cause for the symptoms. The Long term ECG recording (Holter Monitoring) is today a frequently used method in the daily routine to detect AR and to control therapeutic effects. To avoid misinterpretations of the analysis-results we should be familiar with the system used and we have to look with criticism on the results presented by a machine. A new method, the registration of Late Potentials using the averaging technique of a high amplified ECG seems to be promising for risk-stratification: Patients with such Late-Potentials develop frequently ventricular tachycardia or die suddenly. Prior the use of invasive diagnostic methods or therapeutic interventions it is possible to recognize AR with the above mentioned complementary methods successfully. PMID- 6516420 TI - [Invasive diagnosis of arrhythmias]. AB - This paper deals with the methods, the indications and the clinical relevance of the invasive diagnosis of arrhythmias. The change of the indication of this method from bradyarrhythmias to tachyarrhythmias is particularly discussed. This method has developed from a purely diagnostic tool to a therapeutic instrument. During one investigation the diagnosis, the mechanism and the localisation of an arrhythmia can be detected and in addition the optimal therapy can be found. The complication rate is low provided that it is performed in specialized cardiological centers. This method has itself established as an important tool in diagnosis and treatment of tachyarrhythmias. PMID- 6516422 TI - [Thrombotic aneurysm as the cause of a cerebral seizure--operation and cure (case report)]. AB - Report on a 27 years old male patient, who was operated and cured of a "tumor" parieto-occipital, 1.5 cm in diameter, found in computerized tomography. The histological examination showed a thrombosed aneurysm. PMID- 6516421 TI - [Therapy of ventricular arrhythmias]. AB - During the last years substantial progress has been made in better understanding the mechanisms and the prognostic significance of ventricular arrhythmias. Malignant ventricular arrhythmias are a key element in sudden cardiac death and prevention of sudden death remains to be a major challenge for cardiologists. Holter-Monitoring and provocative electrophysiologic testing are the methods of choice not only for diagnostic and prognostic evaluation but also for identifying effective treatment for malignant ventricular arrhythmias. Aside from the progress in pharmacologic treatment of ventricular arrhythmias, important advances are being made in the development of surgical techniques and electronic devices to treat arrhythmias. PMID- 6516423 TI - [Pneumatic cold cap for the prevention of doxorubicin-induced alopecia]. AB - Since 1973 several methods were described in the literature to prevent Doxorubicin induced alopecia. Besides the application of pressure scalp hypothermia gained increasing importance. Various modifications of scalp hypothermia were developed which are expensive and not easy in the handling so far. We are introducing a method in which a pneumatic cap is used for the application of ice on the scalp. With this method which is comperatively cheap and easy to be handled we got a protective effect against doxorubicin-induced hair loss which was at least as efficient as the current results with other methods referred in the literature. PMID- 6516424 TI - [Importance of echocardiography as a screening study method for patients with ischemic insult]. AB - From 113 patients with ischemic stroke in 14.3% a direct and in 30.1% an indirect connection between cardiac diseases and ischemic stroke could be considered. The one and two dimensional echocardiography is a useful noninvasive method to identify possible cardiac causes of the ischemic stroke. PMID- 6516425 TI - Health system support for primary health care. A study based on the technical discussions held during the thirty-fourth World Health Assembly, 1981. PMID- 6516426 TI - The pancreatic cancer problem. PMID- 6516427 TI - Serologic markers in the diagnosis and management of pancreatic carcinoma. PMID- 6516428 TI - Contribution of computed tomography to patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma. PMID- 6516429 TI - Endoscopic methods for relief of malignant obstructive jaundice. PMID- 6516430 TI - Preoperative transhepatic biliary decompression in pancreatic and periampullary cancer. PMID- 6516431 TI - Pancreatic resection for carcinoma of the pancreas: Whipple versus total pancreatectomy--an institutional perspective. PMID- 6516432 TI - Surgical treatment of pancreatic cancer. PMID- 6516433 TI - Intraoperative radiation therapy for patients with pancreatic carcinoma. PMID- 6516434 TI - The future in treatment of pancreatic cancer. PMID- 6516435 TI - Radiothallium scintigraphy in solitary nonfunctioning thyroid nodules. PMID- 6516437 TI - The use of PMMA beads in recurrent high anal fistula: a preliminary report. PMID- 6516436 TI - Cholangitis. PMID- 6516438 TI - A nosocomial pneumococcal wound infection. PMID- 6516439 TI - Salmonella activity in Milwaukee--a review of the past decade. PMID- 6516440 TI - Inhibition of antipyrine metabolite formation in rats in vivo. AB - The effect of four inhibitors of cytochrome P-450-mediated drug oxidations (SKF 525A, cimetidine, metyrapone and alpha-naphthoflavone) on the urinary metabolite pattern and 14CO2 exhalation rate (CER)-time profile following [N-methyl 14C]antipyrine administration has been investigated. The CER-time profiles indicated that inhibition of antipyrine metabolism was in the rank order SKF 525A greater than cimetidine greater than metyrapone greater than ANF. The urinary metabolite patterns showed selectively in action towards particular pathways, 3 hydroxylation being primarily decreased by SKF 525A and cimetidine, and N demethylation by ANF. The results provide further evidence for involvement of multiple forms of cytochrome P-450 in antipyrine metabolism. PMID- 6516441 TI - Autoradiography of nadolol and propranolol in the rat. AB - Whole-body autoradiography of rats dosed with [14C]propranolol or [14C]nadolol have confirmed physicochemical predictions that nadolol, in contrast to propranolol, penetrates the CNS only to a slight extent, if at all. Differences between the CNS penetration of different beta-blockers have implications for the mechanism of the hypotensive action and the prevalence of side-effects associated with disturbance of the CNS. PMID- 6516442 TI - Biotransformation of derivatives of the fungicides pentachloronitrobenzene and hexachlorobenzene in mammals. AB - Biotransformation of N-acetyl-S-(2,3,5,6-tetrachlorophenyl)cysteine and N-acetyl S-(pentachlorophenyl)cysteine-S-oxide, of the metabolites of both PCNB and HCB, namely N-acetyl-S-(pentachlorophenyl)cysteine, pentachlorothiophenol, pentachlorothioanisole, 4-methylthio-tetrachlorothiophenol and tetrachloro-1,4 bis(methylthio)benzene, and of the PCNB metabolites, S,S'-(tetrachloro-p phenylene)dicysteine, and the isomeric tetrachlorothiophenols, has been studied in rabbits, rats and mice, as well as in vitro. Biotransformation products such as thiophenols, thioanisoles, chlorinated benzenes, phenols and anisoles have been identified by g.l.c. PMID- 6516443 TI - Mechanisms of the reductive denitration of pentachloronitrobenzene (PCNB) and the reductive dechlorination of hexachlorobenzene (HCB). AB - The reductive denitration of PCNB and the reductive dechlorination of HCB are complex, and begin with reaction of both fungicides with glutathione, with elimination of the nitro group and/or of chlorine, respectively. The glutathione conjugates are further metabolized by cleavage of the glycine and glutamate residues to give cysteine conjugates or N-acetylcysteine conjugates by acetylation in mammals. The cysteine derivatives are further metabolized by cleavage of the C-S bond to produce thiophenols, which after reductive desulphuration form pentachlorobenzene, or minor chlorinated benzenes, respectively. PMID- 6516444 TI - The microbial metabolism of (+)-catechin to two novel diarylpropan-2-ol metabolites in vitro. AB - The metabolism of (+)-catechin by rat-caecal microflora in vitro was investigated. Metabolites were isolated by column chromatography, preparative t.l.c. and h.p.l.c., while structural allocation was aided by mass spectrometry and proton magnetic resonance. In contrast with the well-documented total heterocyclic ring cleavage of flavanoids, (+)-catechin was found to undergo partial heterocyclic ring cleavage of two novel diarylpropan-2-ol metabolites. p Dehydroxylation of (+)-catechin predominates during its degradation to the diarylpropanol metabolites. PMID- 6516445 TI - Cytochrome P-450-dependent oxidation of felodipine--a 1,4-dihydropyridine--to the corresponding pyridine. AB - Felodipine, a 1,4-dihydropyridine diester, is metabolized to its corresponding pyridine analogue by rat-liver microsomes. Kinetic studies showed similar Km, Vmax and t1/2 for the formation of the pyridine metabolite and the disappearance of felodipine, indicating that oxidation of felodipine to the corresponding pyridine analogue is the major pathway of metabolism. Response to inhibitors such as CO, SKF 525-A and metyrapone indicates participation of cytochrome P-450 in the aromatization of felodipine. Phenobarbital pretreatment markedly increased the metabolism of felodipine and its pyridine analogue. Felodipine pretreatment had no effect on the cytochrome P-450 concn. in rat-liver microsomes, nor on the rate of its own metabolism, but a slight increase was observed in the rate of metabolism of four standard substrates. PMID- 6516447 TI - First International Symposium on Lyme Dis. Yale University, November 16-18, 1983. PMID- 6516446 TI - Metabolism of tenoxicam in rats. AB - The structures of six metabolites of tenoxicam in rats (2 mg/kg, orally), elucidated by physicochemical analyses or the reverse-isotope dilution method, were 5'-hydroxytenoxicam (5% dose), 3-(methylsulphamoyl)-2-thiophenecarboxylic acid (9% dose), and the C-7 or C-8 O-glucuronide of tenoxicam (30% dose). The mechanism of formation of N-methylthiophenesulphimide, a possible precursor of 3 (methylsulphamoyl)-2-thiophenecarboxylic acid from tenoxicam, is discussed. PMID- 6516448 TI - The clinical spectrum and treatment of Lyme disease. AB - Lyme disease was recognized as a separate entity because of close geographic clustering of affected children in Lyme, Connecticut, with what was thought to be juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. It then became apparent that Lyme disease is a complex, multisystem disorder. The illness usually begins in summer with erythema chronicum migrans and associated symptoms (stage 1). Weeks to months later, some patients develop neurologic or cardiac abnormalities (stage 2), and weeks to years later, many patients develop intermittent attacks of arthritis (stage 3), which may become chronic, with erosion of cartilage and bone. Patients with severe and prolonged illness have an increased frequency of the B-cell alloantigen, DR2. For patients with early Lyme disease, tetracycline appears to be the most effective drug, then penicillin, and finally erythromycin. High-dose intravenous penicillin is effective for the later stages of the disease. PMID- 6516449 TI - Lyme disease: a unique human model for an infectious etiology of rheumatic disease. AB - Lyme disease is a complex immune-mediated multi-system disorder that is infectious in origin and inflammatory or "rheumatic" in expression. Through its epidemiologic characteristics, large numbers of a seasonally synchronized patient population are readily available for prospective study. Lyme disease has a known clinical onset ("zero time"), marked by the characteristic expanding skin lesion, erythema chronicum migrans, and a clearly defined pre-articular phase. At least some manifestations of the disorder are responsive to antibiotics, and the causative agent--a spirochete--is now known. These advantages make Lyme disease unique as a human model for an infectious etiology of rheumatic disease. PMID- 6516450 TI - Neurological findings of Lyme disease. AB - Neurologic involvement of Lyme disease typically consists of meningitis, cranial neuropathy, and radiculoneuritis, alone or in combination, lasting for months. From 1976 to 1983, we studied 38 patients with Lyme meningitis. Headache and mild neck stiffness, which fluctuated in intensity, and lymphocytic pleocytosis were the common findings. Half of the patients also had facial palsies, which were unilateral in 12 and bilateral in seven. In addition, 12 patients had motor and/or sensory radiculoneuropathies; asymmetric weakness of extremities was the most common finding. Although incomplete presentations of neurologic involvement of Lyme disease may be confused with other entities, the typical constellation of neurologic symptoms represents a unique clinical picture. PMID- 6516451 TI - Chronic meningitis and Lyme disease in Sweden. AB - We studied 35 patients with chronic meningitis. The neurological abnormalities included aseptic meningitis, cranial neuropathy (mostly facial palsy), motor and sensory peripheral radiculoneuropathy, and myelitis. Neurological symptoms were sometimes preceded by erythema chronicum migrans or an insect bite and were often accompanied by fever, malaise, profound fatigue, and weight loss. The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) abnormalities consisted of a predominantly mononuclear pleocytosis, an elevated CSF protein (mean 2.3 g/l), intrathecal synthesis of oligoclonal immunoglobulin G, and, in half of the patients, a fall in the CSF/blood glucose ratio. High antibody titers to the Lyme spirochete and the Swedish Ixodes ricinus spirochete were demonstrated by immunofluorescence in 26 of the 35 patients. By imprint immunofixation of electrofocused samples of serum and CSF, intrathecal production of oligoclonal Lyme-spirochete-specific IgG was demonstrated in one patient with chronic meningitis. Four sequential paired samples of serum and CSF from this patient showed local synthesis of spirochete specific antibodies in CSF. The 35 patients improved or recovered, sometimes dramatically, during a two-week course of intravenous penicillin G. PMID- 6516452 TI - Bannwarth's syndrome (lymphocytic meningoradiculitis) in Sweden. AB - Lymphocytic meningoradiculitis of Bannwarth is often associated with a tick bite and erythema chronicum migrans, and therefore may be a European counterpart of Lyme disease in North America. Of nine patients with lymphocytic meningoradiculitis studied at the Neurologic Clinic in Lund, Sweden, six were found to have elevated antibody titers to the Lyme spirochete. These studies support the conclusion that the two diseases are related and may be overlapping sectors of a larger clinical spectrum caused by one infectious agent. PMID- 6516453 TI - Vectorial capacity of North American Ixodes ticks. AB - Ixodes dammini, the vector of Lyme disease and babesiosis, is distributed in various locations in the northeastern quadrant of the United States and nearby Canada. The life cycle of this tick, which includes larval, nymphal, and adult stages, spans at least two years. The tick over-winters between larval and nymphal feeding. Horizontal transmission of pathogens is facilitated by a feeding pattern in which both the larval and nymphal stages feed on the white-footed mouse, Peromyscus leucopus, and by a seasonal pattern of activity in which nymphs precede larvae. The species range appears to have expanded from a single island location, and has invaded new sites since the 1940s, some as recently as 1980. This increased abundance appears to be related to the increased abundance of deer, the preferred host of the adult stage. I. muris predominated in coastal Massachusetts before I. dammini became abundant, but is probably now extinct. I. scapularis, which is present in the southern U.S., is a poor vector of mouse parasites because about 90 percent of these immature ticks feed on lizards. To the extent that horizontal transmission occurs, we suggest that mice serve as the principal reservoir for the Lyme spirochete as well as Babesia microti. PMID- 6516454 TI - Discovery of the Lyme disease spirochete and its relation to tick vectors. AB - The various hypotheses concerning the etiologic agent of erythema chronicum migrans of Europe and of Lyme disease in the United States are reviewed, and an account of events that led to the discovery of the causative spirochetal agent in Ixodes dammini is presented. Spirochetes morphologically and antigenically similar, if not identical to, the organism detected in I. dammini were also found for the first time in Ixodes pacificus and Ixodes ricinus, the vectors hitherto incriminated, respectively, in western United States and Europe. In most infected ticks, spirochetal development was found to be limited to the midgut. Ticks with generalized infections were shown to transmit spirochetes via eggs, but infections decreased in intensity and became restricted to the central ganglion as filial ticks developed to adults. Although the mechanisms of transmission to a host are still under investigation, the spirochetes may be transmitted by saliva of ticks with generalized infectious and possibly also by regurgitation of infected gut contents, or even by means of infected fecal material. PMID- 6516456 TI - Ultrastructure of spirochetes isolated from Ixodes ricinus and Ixodes dammini. AB - Two strains of Ixodes spirochetes, one isolated in the United States (B31) and the other in Sweden (G25), were examined by electron microscopy. Cells of strain G25 were 11-25 micron long with a wavelength of 2.1-2.4 micron and an amplitude of 0.4 micron. Eleven flagella were inserted subterminally at each end of the cell. Cells of strain B31 were similar but had eleven or seven flagella. Cytoplasmic tubules were not seen in cells of either strain. Although not identical, both strains showed ultrastructural details characteristic of the genus Borrelia. PMID- 6516455 TI - DNA characterization of Lyme disease spirochetes. AB - Lyme disease spirochetes (LDS) have phenotypic characteristics of both treponemes and borreliae. To ascertain whether one or more species of LDS exist, as well as their taxonomic status, we determined the DNA base (G + C) content for three strains of LDS, the DNA relatedness of ten strains isolated in the United States or Europe, and the DNA relatedness of LDS to other spirochetes. The G + C content of the three LDS strains was 28.1-29.0 mol%, most similar to those of Borellia hermsii (30.6 mol %) and Treponema hyodysenteriae (25.6 mol %) among the other spirochetes tested. DNA hybridization studies of nine LDS strains to a reference strain isolated from human blood revealed divergence (unpaired bases) within related nucleotide sequences of only 0.0-1.0 percent, indicating the strains were one species. Similarly, relatedness values of seven strains to the reference strain were high: 58-98 percent (mean, 71 percent) in 50 degrees C reactions and 50-93 percent (mean, 69 percent) in 65 degrees C reactions. Labeled DNA from B. hermsii was 30-40 percent related to three Lyme disease spirochete strains in 50 degrees C reactions and 8-10 percent related in 65 degrees C reactions. In contrast, DNA from the reference LDS strain showed relatedness of only 1 percent to DNAs of two leptospires and only 16 percent to DNA from T. hyodysenteriae. We conclude that LDS are a single species, genetically unlike treponemes or leptospires, which belong in the genus Borrelia. PMID- 6516457 TI - Susceptibility of the Lyme disease spirochete to seven antimicrobial agents. AB - The antimicrobial susceptibility of five Lyme disease spirochete strains (two human and three tick isolates) was determined. A macrodilution broth technique was used to determine on three separate test occasions the minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of seven antibiotics. The Lyme disease spirochete was most susceptible to erythromycin with a MIC of less than or equal to 0.06 micrograms/ml. The spirochete was also found to be susceptible to minocycline, ampicillin, doxycycline, and tetracycline-HCL with respective mean MICs of less than or equal to 0.13, less than or equal to 0.25, less than or equal to 0.63, and less than or equal to 0.79 micrograms/ml. The spirochete was moderately susceptible to penicillin G with a mean MIC of 0.93 micrograms/ml. All strains were resistant to rifampin at the highest concentration tested (16.0 micrograms/ml). PMID- 6516458 TI - The global distribution of Lyme disease. AB - Following the original description of erythema chronicum migrans (ECM) in Sweden in 1909, ECM became widely recognized in Europe. The first reported case of ECM acquired in the United States occurred in 1969, and in 1975 the full symptom complex now known as Lyme disease was recognized. In 1981, cases of Lyme disease were recognized in yet a third continent, Australia and, to date, cases acquired in at least 19 countries have been reported. Beginning with the original case reported in Sweden, clinical observations suggested that Ixodes ricinus ticks were a vector for ECM in Europe and the distribution of cases in Europe corresponds to the distribution of this tick, although one case outside this range has been reported following mosquito bites. Through similar observations, I. dammini and I. pacificus ticks have been established as vectors in the United States. In Australia, a vector has not been established, and none of the recognized vectors of Lyme disease occur there. The reporting of cases of Lyme disease from widely separated parts of the world involving multiple vectors suggests the disease may, in the future, be recognized in additional areas. PMID- 6516459 TI - Geographic distribution of humans, raccoons, and white-footed mice with antibodies to Lyme disease spirochetes in Connecticut. AB - An indirect immunofluorescence test was used during 1982-1983 to identify antibodies to Lyme disease spirochetes in humans, white-footed mice, and raccoons. Serologic tests detected IgM or total Ig antibodies in serum samples from 67 persons. Onset of illness, as marked by erythema chronicum migrans (ECM), occurred mainly during July and August. The majority of the persons with Lyme disease lived in south central and southeastern Connecticut. Analyses also verified prior spirochetal infections in 29 of 323 (9 percent) white-footed mice and in three of 34 (9 percent) raccoons captured at sites with or without evidence of human infections. Results indicate potential for Lyme disease at numerous localities in Connecticut. PMID- 6516460 TI - Avian and mammalian hosts for spirochete-infected ticks and insects in a Lyme disease focus in Connecticut. AB - Spirochetes and their vectors and reservoirs were studied in a Lyme disease focus in East Haddam, Connecticut, from mid-May through September 1983. Ixodes dammini subadults were comparable in number on white-footed mice (Peromyscus leucopus) (means = 2.9 +/- 3.6 SD) to those on 27 different species of birds (means = 2.3 +/- 4.2 SD) representing 11 families within the order Passeriformes. Less commonly found ticks on birds (means less than or equal to 0.1) were immature Ixodes dentatus and Haemaphysalis leporispalustris. Although spirochete-infected I. dammini larvae and nymphs were taken off eight and nine different species of birds, respectively, significantly fewer positive larvae were removed from birds than from white-footed mice. Spirochetes were detected in the midguts of I. dammini, Dermacentor variabilis, and H. leporispalustris and two species of insects (Cuterebra fontinella and Orchopeas leucopus). Possibly, arthropods other than I. dammini vector these spirochetes in northeastern United States. Spirochetes grew in a cell-free medium inoculated with bloods from four white footed mice, one woodland jumping mouse (Napaeozapus insignis), one northern mockingbird (Mimus polyglottos), one gray catbird (Dumetella carolinensis), two prairie warblers (Dendroica discolor), one orchard oriole (Icterus spurius), one common yellowthroat (Geothlypis trichas), and one American robin (Turdus migratorius). We suggest that avian hosts, like mammals, develop spirochetemias of the causative agent of Lyme disease. Erythematous tissues from a white-footed mouse were infected with spirochetes. PMID- 6516461 TI - Prevalence of the Lyme disease spirochete in populations of white-tailed deer and white-footed mice. AB - The prevalence of the Ixodes dammini spirochete (IDS) in white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) and white-footed mice (Peromyscus leucopus) was studied on the eastern end of Long Island, New York. Both species commonly occur in a variety of habitats, are preferred hosts of Ixodes dammini, and can harbor the spirochetes in the blood. Each animal was examined for spirochetemia, tick infestation, and IDS infection rates in the ticks that were removed from it. The results obtained suggest that in winter deer can be infected by questing adult I. dammini. Adult ticks apparently are infected through transtadial transmission of spirochetes from subadult ticks which had fed earlier in their life history on infected animals. Deer are important hosts of adult ticks and the IDS in winter and probably are a reservoir host in other seasons. The patterns of spirochete prevalence suggest that deer and mice are reservoirs of the organism and thus are fundamental to the ecology of Lyme disease on Long Island. PMID- 6516462 TI - Effect of deer reduction on abundance of the deer tick (Ixodes dammini). AB - To evaluate the role of deer in regulating the abundance of the deer tick (Ixodes dammini) we attempted to treat with acaricide, but eventually removed, about 70 percent of deer from Great Island, Cape Cod, Massachusetts. Deer were captured in box traps, a corral, an entanglement net, and with rifle-fired tranquilizer. Failure of these attempts, combined with ineffective acaricides, led us to deer destruction begun in fall 1982. Larval tick abundance on mice was monitored before and after deer removal. We concluded that deer removal, to the extent accomplished, did not markedly reduce the abundance of the tick. Reduced abundance of deer may not result in reduced abundance of immature ticks if deer removal follows the period of adult tick feeding, or if intensity of infestation per deer increases, or if other mammals substitute as suitable hosts. Reduced tick abundance may be delayed if unattached immature ticks survive more than one year. PMID- 6516463 TI - [Healthy life style, health status and disease status in young workers]. PMID- 6516464 TI - [Effect of social factors and life style on work disability of young workers]. PMID- 6516465 TI - [Some tasks of the health and social service in the social care of citizens]. PMID- 6516466 TI - [Standardized anonymous patient survey in the area of inpatient medical care in all facilities of a district as a leading instrument in public health]. PMID- 6516467 TI - [Fulfillment of responsibility in occupations and other personal life claims- value orientation in conflict]. PMID- 6516468 TI - [Interdisciplinary cooperation between general physicians and pediatric and adolescent health protection--status and development]. PMID- 6516469 TI - [Results and perspectives in research cooperation in occupational medicine between the USSR and East Germany]. PMID- 6516470 TI - [Results of professiographic studies of the activity of the agrotechnician/mechanic]. PMID- 6516471 TI - [Determination of styrene metabolites in biologic material--methods and initial results]. PMID- 6516472 TI - [New limits of noise emission at the work stations of workers]. PMID- 6516473 TI - [Medical-psychologic and philosophic-ethical aspects of the evaluation of human achievement behavior in socialist society (critical remarks on the concept of the so-called stress type A)]. PMID- 6516474 TI - [Psychotherapeutic-rehabilitative aspects in the guidance of psycho-organic patients in the 2d half of life within the scope of a psychiatric admission clinic]. PMID- 6516475 TI - [New aspects in the evaluation of acute toxicity]. PMID- 6516476 TI - [Effect of enzyme inducers on biotransformation]. PMID- 6516477 TI - [Aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase in human lymphocytes: p-nitrophenetol as an alternative substrate to benzo(a)pyrene]. PMID- 6516478 TI - [Use of excess mortality as a criterion of effectiveness in vaccination for the prevention of influenza]. PMID- 6516479 TI - [Dust and the pathogen content of air in school classrooms]. PMID- 6516481 TI - [Interferometric analysis of the ventilation of rooms]. PMID- 6516480 TI - [Formaldehyde pollution of room air in schools]. PMID- 6516482 TI - [Integration of thermal sterilization and its monitoring in general practice]. PMID- 6516483 TI - [Body burden of service personnel in ethylene oxide sterilization]. PMID- 6516484 TI - [Relation between social and clinical markers in an epidemiologic longitudinal study]. PMID- 6516485 TI - [Evaluation of the difficulty of work of agricultural machine mechanics]. PMID- 6516486 TI - [Nonexerting work in selected operations of the VE construction industry of East Germany]. PMID- 6516487 TI - [Stress studies with dipyridamole in patients with coronary heart disease in comparison to coronary angiography, myocardial scintigraphy and ergometry findings]. AB - In 102 patients with typical symptoms of angina pectoris who underwent a coronary angiography a Dipyridamol test was performed. The result was a sensitivity of about 84% concerning the coronary heart disease and a specifity of about 93%. In the same test persons the ECG after work showed a sensitivity of about 84% and a specifity of about 57%. Dipyridamol test and bicycle ergometry are methods of the same value for the preinvasive diagnostics of the coronary heart disease which should supplement each other. The higher specifity of the ECG changes in the Dipyridamol test was evident in comparison to the bicycle ergometry. In 85 of our patients the Tl-201-scintigraphy was carried out under Dipyridamol and ergometer stress. For the Tl-201-scintigraphy under Dipyridamol a sensitivity of about 70% and a specifity of about 81,5% was the result. In the Tl-201-scintigraphy under ergometer load a sensitity ob about 84% and a specifity of about 57% was the result. The proportion of exactly positive findings increased with the number of the stenosed vessels under ergometer as well as Dipyridamol intervention. A negative load scintigraphy does not exclude a coronary heart disease, but renders a three-vessel-disease very improbable. PMID- 6516488 TI - [Clinical manifestation of thrombendangiitis obliterans of the central nervous system]. AB - It is reported on the clinical and morphological findings of two women with obliterating thrombendangiitis who finally died of the sequelae of this vascular disease at the age of 36 years and 64 years, respectively, after a 14-year and 10 month duration of the disease. Despite generalisation or multilocalisation of the disease only the cerebral symptomatology was clinically manifest. The diagnosis obliterating thrombendangiitis could be verified only by histological investigations post mortem. In the second case intracranially exclusively a venous affection of the vessels of the cerebral sinuses, of ascending veins of the cerebral covering and profound cerebral veins with differently old inflammation foci in the sense of an obliterating thrombendangiitis was present. It is referred to the general problems of diagnosis, etiopathogenesis and therapy of the obliterating thrombendangiitis. PMID- 6516489 TI - [Direct quantitative determination of LDL cholesterol and HDL cholesterol using agarose gel electrophoresis]. AB - The direct and quantitative determination of the main classes of the serum lipoproteins by means of a simple and reliable method is an urgent necessity for answering the numerous clinical questions. By precipitation of polyanions of the lipoproteins after electrophoretic separation in the agarosegel it is possible to determine sufficiently exactly and reproducibly their concentration without ultracentrifugation. For HDL- and LDL-cholesterol (beta-und alpha-lipoprotein cholesterol) a serial precision of 3 and 4%, respectively, and day,/day of 4 and 6%, respectively, was found. The methodology is described in detail and the problems of the establishment of the reference curves are particularly entered. In addition to this the determination of LDL- and HDL-cholesterol and beta- and alpha-lipoprotein cholesterol, respectively, was performed in sera of patients according to 3 and 4 variants, respectively, and these results were correlated with the densitometer surfaces of the beta- and alpha-lipoproteins. The correlation coefficients were between 0.94 and 0.99. PMID- 6516490 TI - [Lymphogranulomatosis and persistent left superior vena cava. Contribution to the diagnostic problem of the interference of morphologically different images]. AB - Unilateral mediastinal dilatations are suspicious of the presence of a lymphogranulomatosis. It is reported on a case in which the diagnosis of Hodgkin's disease was rendered more difficult by a persistent left superior vena cava. The discussion of the case shows that in the differential-diagnostically problematic mediastinal region - corresponding to the clinical appearance - all methods available must be used for the clarification of the etiology. PMID- 6516491 TI - [Adult celiac disease with secondary hyperparathyroidism]. AB - After a pregnancy the 26-year-old patient complained of pain in several joints. Waddling gait and light-grey excrements were conspicuous. Radiologically signs of calcium salt reduction with hank-like bone structures in both forearms. Hypocalcaemia, hyperphosphataemia, parthormone in the serum increased. Villi could not be proved by aspiration biopsy in the small intestine. The bone biopsy spoke for a secondary hyperparathyroidism. By glutene-free nutrition the patient was without pain after several months and was able to go without hindrance after one year. PMID- 6516492 TI - [Prevention, clinical aspects and therapy of the side-effects of lidocaine]. AB - In 134 patients with an acute myocardial infarction a prolonged lidocaine infusion was performed. In 6.7% of the patients severe side effects occurred. They appeared with central-nervous and haemodynamic symptomatology. In 6 patients with a high degree of severity of the side effect a determination of the plasma content could be performed, which in every case showed contents during the process above the therapeutic region. It was confirmed that side effects of lidocaine are to be apprehended, when the therapeutic region (2-6 mg/l-1) of the antiarrhythmic drugs is transgressed. On the basis of own experiences and reports from literature the therapeutic approach in lidocaine side effects is concerned and possibilities are shown to avoid them. PMID- 6516493 TI - [Long-term results in the treatment of atrial tachycardial arrhythmias using temporary electric stimulation procedures]. AB - In 12 of 23 patients with atrial flutter, who were cardioversed by means of electric stimulation techniques and underwent a regular after-examination, a sinus rhythm was still existing 24 months after regularization. When these long term results which in comparison to the late results are more favourable after electroshock cardioversion are interpreted apart from the different selection of patients must be taken into consideration that the rate of immediate success of about 50% was distinctly lower than in the DC-shock cardioversion. It is to be supposed that a stimulation therapy only in those patients leads to regularization, the atrial vulnerability and recidivity of whom is less distinct, whereas in the other cases only the transgression into an atrial fibrillation is successful. PMID- 6516494 TI - [Operative findings and therapeutic results in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism]. AB - In the period from 1976 to September 1982 39 patients with the clinical diagnosis of primary hyperparathyroidism were operated on. Among then were 24 women and 14 men. The most frequent manifestation form is the renal one (n = 26). The proportion of patients with hypercalcaemic crisis was very large (n = 4). Topographically and anatomically the adenomas were most frequently found in the region of the right lower pole of the thyroid gland. 23 patients had a singular adenoma, 11 patients showed multiple adenomas and only 2 had a diffuse hyperplasia. In patients with persisting hyperparathyroidism before a repeated intervention an attempt of localization should be performed by a selective phlebography with taking of blood samples for the determination of PTH. The success of the operation is to be read off most clearly at the behaviour of the post-operative values of serum calcium. In 29 patients a normocalcaemia was achieved. 6 patients showed at first a hypocalcaemia, which however, was only temporary in 4 patients. 3 patients had a persisting hyperparathyroidism. In accordance with the literary data the formation of renal calculi clearly decreased after a successful operation. PMID- 6516495 TI - [Dihydrotachysterol poisoning]. AB - After 13 days therapy with 30 mg dihydrotachysterol (dihydrotachysterin, AT 10 (DHT3 daily in a 33-year-old female patient a severe intoxication developed. In addition to this the patient was twice administered calcium gluconate and vitamin D. Typical clinical symptoms of the developing hypercalcaemia syndrome consisted in adynamia, vomiting and obstipation. The occurring clinical symptom and findings are discussed on the basis of recent knowledge concerning efficacy and metabolism of DHT3 as well as vitamin D3. PMID- 6516496 TI - [Problems of clinical research in internal medicine]. PMID- 6516497 TI - [Ulcer risk of reflux-preventing reconstruction following stomach resection--an animal experiment study]. AB - In an experimental study on 376 rats the ulcer risk was analyzed after Roux-Y gastrojejunostomy resp. jejunal interposition. The following results were obtained: 5 to 10 months postoperatively stomal ulcers were found in up to 90%. The longer the jejunal segment, i.e. the lesser the reflux, the higher was the ulcer risk. The interval of ulcer manifestation could be shortened to 7 resp. 10 days by continuous histamine stimulation, while the differences between the groups remained unchanged. An extended resection was of negligible influence on the elevated ulcer risk in long jejunal segments, that means refluxfree conditions. The gastric pH was influenced by the length of the jejunal segment, the longer the segment, the more acid was the pH. With long, refluxfree segments normal pH-values could be observed despite of an extended gastric resection. An additional vagotomy caused a reduction but not an elimination of the ulcer risk. We conclude from our results, that there is a protective role of the postresectional intestino-gastric reflux on the gastrojejunal anastomosis. A refluxpreventive procedure is therefore heavily ulcerprone. PMID- 6516499 TI - Faecal chymotrypsin for investigation of exocrine pancreatic function: a comparison of two newly developed tests with the titrimetric method. AB - Two newly developed photometric assays for the estimation of faecal chymotrypsin were studied in comparison with the established titrimetric method in 46 patients and 8 healthy volunteers, who had undergone a secretin-pancreozymin test for diagnostic purposes. The correlation between the two photometric methods and the titrimetric method was good (r = 0.90 and r = 0.91), revealing similar diagnostic sensitivity and specificity. As both photometric methods are less time-consuming and may be performed using a standard laboratory equipment, they offer a good alternative to the established titrimetric method for faecal chymotrypsin estimation. PMID- 6516498 TI - Endoscopic balloon tamponade for conservative management of severe hemorrhage following endoscopic sphincterotomy. AB - We report on two patients in whom balloon tamponade was applied for management of severe hemorrhage following endoscopic sphincterotomy (EST). In both patients after EST severe hemorrhage from the papillary orifice was treated by immediate introduction of a special balloon catheter (balloon catheter, model Mainz, Vygon, Aachen). In both patients after 10 minutes no further bleeding was visualized. We conclude that this simple procedure should be taken into account for the conservative treatment of severe hemorrhage following EST. PMID- 6516500 TI - [Glow polymers--new materials for surface finishing of implants]. AB - A review is given of properties, manufacture and application of glow polymers. The physical and chemical properties can be made very variable by modifying the process parameters an can be adapted to the special surface behaviour of an implant by means of proper adhesion, surface tension, diffusion reaction etc. PMID- 6516501 TI - [Biocompatibility of implants with and without fluorohydrocarbon glow-discharge polymer coating. 1. Histologic and semiquantitative estimation of subcutaneous reactions in guinea pigs]. AB - The reaction of the subcutaneous tissue in guinea-pigs at implants of titanium, titanium/glow discharge polymer, Gisadent KCM (chromium cobalt molybdenum alloy), and Gisadent/glow discharge polymer was investigated by a semiquantitative method of informing character. The 4 tested materials were well-tolerated at which titanium caused the smallest reaction. PMID- 6516502 TI - [Biocompatibility of implants with and without fluorohydrocarbon glow-discharge polymer coating. 2. Automated equidensitometric recording of tissue reactions]. AB - A conclusion on the biocompatibility, the solubility, and the chronic toxicity of different implant materials showed the equidensitometric measurement of the capsular thickness in the environs of the implants by means of the electronic image interpretation equipment Densitron. The method, the results, and the advantages of the technique are described. PMID- 6516503 TI - [Biocompatibility of implants with and without fluorohydrocarbon glow-discharge polymer coating. 3. Mathematical models of the subsiding processes of the tissue reaction]. AB - The subsidence process of the tissue reaction was estimated by the thickness of the fibrous capsule as well as different histologic characteristics in dependence on the period after the implantation of 4 several implant materials. This subsidence process was fitted mathematically by an exponential function respectively a power function by means of the regression analysis. The power function described best the experimentally found curve. The correspondence, on principle, of the subsidence process of the fibrous capsula thickness on the one hand and the 9 histologic characteristics on the other hand could be proved. A standard valuation for subcutaneous tests is demanded which include the designation of the thickness of the fibrous capsula as well as characteristic cell type frequencies as histologic characteristics. PMID- 6516504 TI - [Spectrophotometric evaluation of hemolysis tests]. AB - A quantitative spectrophotometric method for measuring the hemolysis degree of PVC-biomaterials by potassium hexacyanoferrate (III) and potassium cyanide is presented. By means of this method the physiological valuation of biomaterials proved more exact as to their contents of hemolytically acting substances. In order to define the maximum permissible degree of hemolysis from biomaterials further studies will be necessary. UV- and IR spectrograms of the 70 degrees C and 121 degrees C extracts from biomaterials indicated the presence of substances not yet identified till now. These substances couldn't be ascribed any specific biological effects. An extraction at 121 degrees C is recommended in order to detect hemolytically acting substances. PMID- 6516505 TI - [Model for producing a reversible ileus state in conscious experimental animals]. AB - A sphincter system for intermittent intestinal occlusion in conscious dogs is presented. The system consists of a hydropneumatic system and a percutaneous lead implanted in the neck of the animal. In 14 long-time experiments (24-40 days) the system was well tolerated by the dogs and no failure was accounted. PMID- 6516506 TI - Pancreatic lysosomal hydrolases in acute experimental pancreatitis in dogs. AB - Majority of literature data support the significance of proteases activation in pathogenesis of acute pancreatitis. The ability of cathepsins to the activation of trypsinogen was shown and the labilization of lysosomes of pancreas in different models of acute experimental pancreatitis (AEP) was reported. In present work the dynamic of lysosomal changes during the course of AEP in dogs is evaluated. AEP was induced in 17 mongrel dogs by Elliot's method. Six healthy dogs served as a control group (I). Pancreatitic dogs were killed after 6 hr (G. II, n = 5), after 12 hrs (G. III, n = 5), and after 24 hrs (G. IV, n = 6 survivors). The pancreata were removed and divided into segments A (less advanced changes, [B] most advanced changes) and C (intermediate changes). The lysosomal enriched subfraction was isolated from the C segments at 15 000 X g for 20 min. The total (T) and free (F) activity of beta-glucuronidase (beta-G), acid phosphatase (AP), acid cathepsins (Cs) was estimated and the value F/T (relative free activity-r.f.a.) was calculated as an index of lysosomal stability. The progressive increase of r.f.a. of hydrolases in whole homogenate and in lysosomal enriched subfraction depending on time of AEP was observed suggesting labilization of pancreatic lysosomes. This labilization was more expressed in corresponding parts of organ with more advanced pathological changes. The differences between part A and B were most evident after 6 hrs of AEP. The labilization of lysosomes is more pronounced after 12 and 24 hrs than after 6 hrs in analogical parts of organ. These results indicate that labilization of lysosomes in pancreas correspond to the degree of pathological changes of pancreatic tissue. PMID- 6516507 TI - [Change in bile compounds by means of different drainage methods after surgery in the biliary tract]. AB - The compound of the A-bile was analysed in 80 patients with choledocholithiasis during the operation and in the postoperative phase on the 1st, 3rd, 7th, and 14th day. The operation was finished with a drainage of the ductus choledochus outward in 40 patients, and with an intra-luminal transpapillary drainage to the duodenum in 40 other patients. 15 healthy individuals served as control group. The discholia--being always existent at first--receded in a very fast and most lasting way after the intraluminal transpapillary drainage. The authors applied a double-lumen transpapillary drainage after operation in the bile papilla with success for years. PMID- 6516508 TI - [Plasma exchange therapy]. PMID- 6516509 TI - [Chemosurgical treatment of xanthelasmas with Solcoderm]. AB - Five patients suffering from xanthelasmas were treated with weekly applications of Solcoderm. The cosmetic results were excellent; there was no scarring. According to our experience, chemosurgical treatment with Solcoderm can be considered an effective therapeutical method regarding xanthelasmas. PMID- 6516510 TI - [Light protection and increase of UV tolerance]. AB - Topical sun-ray filter creams protect the skin from sunburn and from long-term damages caused by UV-radiation. The choice of the sun protecting factor depends on the radiation dose as well as on the individual sensitivity to UV-radiation. For the prevention of photodermatoses, the industry offers broad spectrum absorbents. For internal prophylaxis, oral ingestion of a new preparation containing 25 mg beta-carotene and 35 mg canthaxanthin per dragee, has proved to restore the tolerance of sunlight with polymorphic light eruption, light urticaria, protoporphyria, and other photodermatoses to a considerable degree. In case of failure, photo- or PUVA-prophylaxis using tolerated UV-doses is recommended. All the treatments have to be repeated every year. PMID- 6516512 TI - [Hair analysis]. PMID- 6516511 TI - [Provocation of atopic dermatitis by intestinal candida mycosis]. AB - We discuss atopic dermatitis in relation to candidamycosis of the intestine. In 11 out of 36 patients with atopic dermatitis, we found specific Candidin-IgE antibodies. With all patients, candidamycosis of the stool samples was positive in culture. Increasing incidences of both diseases support the clinical relevance of these observations. PMID- 6516513 TI - [Therapy control in cardiology: serum level monitoring]. AB - Treatment of cardiac patients with drugs of low therapeutic ratio (i.e. cardiac glycosides, antiarrhythmics) must be individualized to avoid undertreatment or intoxication with their often deleterious consequences. However, in most cases the dose-response effect cannot be predicted, especially in those instances in which the desired effect is hard to measure (e.g. intermittent arrhythmias). Very often a potentially useful drug is not effective because the applied dose is either too low or administered at incorrect intervals. An effective medication can also be incorrectly assumed to be intolerable when the dose administered is too high relative to the patient's impaired renal or liver function. Fixed application schedules will not be successful in the majority of cases due to the following large interpatient variables: absorption, distribution, elimination, biotransformation, protein and tissue binding, and effect on the target organ. If drug efficacy cannot be proven by clinical observation the determination of blood levels of substances with a narrow therapeutic ratio cen be helpful. However, an interpretation should only be made by considering the clinical condition of the patient and the inherent kinetic variables of the drug. PMID- 6516514 TI - [Right ventricular hemodynamics and lung function following amrinone injection]. AB - Amrinone is a positive inotropic agent which has been widely used for treatment of left heart failure. As this drug has a relaxing effect on smooth muscle cells, we considered that hemodynamics and ventilatory mechanics could be simultaneously improved in patients with right heart failure caused by obstructive lung disease. Swan-Ganz catheters were used in 11 patients. Following injection of 1.5 mg/kg Amrinone, cardiac output increased from 6.1 to 6.9 l/min (p less than 0.05). Stroke volume showed only a slight increase; pulmonary vascular resistance was reduced from 407 to 308 dynes . s . cm-5 (p less than 0.01). Body plethysmographic examination revealed a decrease of specific airway resistance from 33 to 24 cm H2O . s (p less than 0.01). CONCLUSION: In patients with right heart failure due to obstructive lung disease Amrinone application can result in an improvement in both hemodynamics and ventilatory mechanics. PMID- 6516515 TI - [Early hemodynamic reactions of an ionic low osmolar and a nonionic contrast medium]. AB - In eighty patients with different cardiac diseases the theoretically claimed reduced cardiovascular side effects in ionic and non-ionic low osmolar contrast media compared to those in conventional ionic and high-osmolar contrast media were tested during heart catheterization. The randomized application showed that there were only few reactions during left ventricle angiography and they did not differ between various ejections, while during selective coronary angiography in most cases heart rate and aortic pressures dropped significantly (p less than 0.05). These alterations were significantly (p less than 0.05) stronger in the conventional ionic and high-osmolar ioxitalamat (Telebrix 350) than in the ionic and non-ionic low-osmolar ioxaglat (Hexabrix) or non-ionic low-osmolar iopamidol (Solutrast 370). PMID- 6516516 TI - [Spontaneous regression of residential stenosis of the infarct vessel following successful percutaneous transluminal coronary recanalization]. AB - In 64 out of 90 patients with thrombolysis by intracoronary streptokinase (PTCR) in the acute stage of myocardial infarction coronary angiography was performed in the chronic stage after 28 +/- 20 days. 52 of 56 successfully treated patients had a patent infarct vessel in the chronic stage. 36 of these patients showed a spontaneous regression from the subacute to the chronic stage. In 49 of the 56 patients (age: 53.4 +/- 10.4 years) a residual stenosis of more than 75% after PTCR was found; in the chronic stage only 31 patients had a stenosis of more than 75%. Of 10 patients with a spontaneous regression of 25% or more (age: 48.0 +/- 14.9 years) 8 had a one-vessel disease. The infarct vessel was in 6 patients the left anterior descending, in 4 patients the right coronary artery and in no case the left circumflex branch. The results suggest that the indication for invasive interventions, such as acute coronary angioplasty or bypass surgery, does not only depend on the degree of the residual stenosis directly after reperfusion. If possible, the decision for further invasive treatment should depend on the clinical follow-up. PMID- 6516517 TI - [Blood gases and medical acid-base chemistry then and now]. PMID- 6516518 TI - [A light conducting oxygen microelectrode for intravital transmission microscopy]. PMID- 6516519 TI - [Methodologic studies of SDS electrophoresis of urinary proteins]. PMID- 6516520 TI - [Separation of erythroid cells]. PMID- 6516521 TI - [Methodologic aspects of an in vitro model of photosensitization]. PMID- 6516522 TI - [Criteria of analytic information content of laboratory diagnostic and proof methods and their use for orienting tests]. PMID- 6516523 TI - [Laser nephelometric determination of secretory IgA]. PMID- 6516524 TI - [Modification of automated total protein determination and albumin determination using the flow principle]. PMID- 6516525 TI - [Controlled high voltage electrophoresis. Screening test for pathologically increased substance concentrations and toxicologic-chemical detection]. PMID- 6516526 TI - [Presapiens hypothesis or Afro-European sapiens hypothesis?]. PMID- 6516527 TI - Estimation of fat-free mass from stature and X-ray muscle widths at thigh and calf regions in Indian males. PMID- 6516528 TI - [Comparative morphologic characteristics of the Upper Paleolithic specimens from Oberkassel near Bonn]. PMID- 6516529 TI - The fossil man from Salzgitter-Lebenstedt (FRG) and its place in human evolution during the pleistocene in Europe. PMID- 6516531 TI - Heritability of some morphological traits in man: regression and segregation analysis of familial resemblance. PMID- 6516530 TI - [Hormonal growth retardation and its legitimation. I. Medical indications, treatment and side effects]. PMID- 6516532 TI - [Morphometric sexual dimorphism and sexual diagnosis of the tubular hand skeleton]. PMID- 6516533 TI - Relationship of lung functions to age, sitting height and body composition in older men and women. PMID- 6516534 TI - Determination of 4-pregnene-3-ones in thymus tissue samples by high performance liquid chromatography. AB - A high performance liquid chromatography method for determining the levels of 4 pregnene-3-ones in tissue containing fat, e.g. in thymus is reported. Following the extraction with chloroform/methanol the fat has been separated from the steroidal-fraction by using disposable extraction-columns. The steroidal-fraction has been analysed in two separation systems, on a RP18-column with a methanol/water gradient and on an amino column with a isopropanol/hexane gradient. The applicability of the described method is demonstrated with calf thymus samples. PMID- 6516535 TI - [New isolation procedure for swine kidney acylase. Kinetics of Co2+, Mn2+, Ni2+ and Cd2+-enzymes]. AB - A new procedure for the isolation of highly purified acylamino acid amidohydrolase from hog kidney is described which allows the preparation of the enzyme with a recovery of about 45%, a 200 fold purification and a spec. activity of 350-500 U. The essential Zn2+ of the enzyme was exchanged for Co2+, Ni2+, Mn2+ and Cd2+, and the kinetic parameters KM, kcat and kcat/KM of the different enzyme species for a series of acetyl-L-amino acids were determined. PMID- 6516536 TI - Distribution of the H1 histone subfractions in Syrian hamster chromatin fractions. AB - Chromatin from two Syrian hamster tissues: the Kirkman-Robbins hepatoma and the liver, has been separated into soluble (S) and insoluble (P) fractions. Both fractions contain the complete set of five main histones but differ in respect of H1 subfractions. The hepatoma chromatin is known to contain an unusual H1 subfraction, H1 slow [12, 13], probably identical with a similar subfraction present in hamster testes. The content of H1 slow in total H1 histone has been estimated for total, S and P chromatin from hamster hepatoma. The values 20.9 +/- 7.2, 13.8 +/- 1.8 and 26.8 +/- 4.2%, respectively, were obtained. PMID- 6516537 TI - Phospholipids and glycerides composition during spheroplasts formation of Mycobacterium smegmatis ATCC 14468. AB - The phospholipids and glycerides composition of spheroplasts of Mycobacterium smegmatis ATCC 14468 was examined. The percent total phospholipids in total lipids as well as cardiolipin were found to be higher in spheroplasts as compared to their parent forms. Increase in cardiolipin and free fatty acids content and decrease in triglycerides levels were observed during spheroplasts formation. The results suggest that increase in cardiolipin content in spheroplasts is an adaptational change concomitant with the loss of cell walls. PMID- 6516538 TI - Cell fusion by simulated atmospheric discharges: further support for the hypothesis of involvement of electrofusion in evolution. AB - Electrofusion of mesophyll cell protoplasts of Avena sativa was induced by simulated atmospheric discharges. It is shown both experimentally and theoretically that the potential differences which occur at quite long distances from the point of lightning stroke are large enough to induce fusion. Besides electromagnetic waves which are emitted during lightning (G. Kuppers and U. Zimmermann, FEBS Lett. 164, 323 (1983] cell fusion may have also occurred directly by means of the voltage built-up on the earth during evolution in response to a lightning stroke. PMID- 6516539 TI - The cellular substrate: a very important requirement for baculovirus in vitro replication. AB - We established more than 200 primary cell lines of Cydia pomonella (coding moth). 81 of them were selected and screened for replication of two baculoviruses (from two different subgroups): the Choristoneura murinana NPV and the Cydia pomonella GV. Although all these cell lines had been derived from the same insect species, they varied largely in their response to challenge with the NPV. Most of them showed CPE or produced different amounts of polyhedra. Interestingly, we also found a few cell lines that were permissive for GV replication. To our knowledge this is the first time that GV replication in cell lines has been obtained. Our results show that cell line properties are most important for baculovirus in vitro replication. PMID- 6516540 TI - [Preoperative education consultation from the viewpoint of the patient]. AB - By means of semi-standardized interviews 64 patients at a university orthopedic clinic were asked about the information supply and decision-taking process, in particular concerning their impressions of the consultation which takes place just prior to surgery (usually on the preceding day) and leads to the formal declaration of consent. It was found that this discussion does not have the central significance in the information and decision process which is often ascribed to it. Nevertheless, in addition to the legal aspect, it fulfills a number of important psychological functions: - The patient is given supplementary information, in particular concerning events surrounding the operation. - Immediately prior to the operation and its risks, the patient's binding consent is confirmed: this represents a formal termination of the decision process. - Considering the anxiety and doubt associated with the operation (cognitive dissonance) the patients needs emotional support. - The talk provides an opportunity to establish or consolidate a personal relationship between the patient and the responsible physician. Contrary to widely-held opinion almost all the patients were highly interested in detailed information and demonstrated considerable knowledge of their complaints, the surgical method and the risks involved. Though the preoperative talk was positively assessed by most patients, it was nonetheless apparent that current practices in furnishing medical information require correction in a number of respects. Above all, the provision of information simply by listing points, and in the form of a monologue, should be abandoned; instead, the patient should be involved as an active partner in an exchange of information and a decision-making process.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6516541 TI - [Deaths in orthopedics]. AB - Seventy-four deaths during treatment at the orthopedic university hospital Homburg/Saar between 1965 and 1981 are reported, causes and basic diseases are analyzed. Deathrate was 0,22% at our hospital comparing 0,61% average standard deathrate at West-German orthopedic hospitals. Main risk groups are patients with para--or tetraplegia (28 cases), patients following total hip replacement (16 cases), bone tumors (18 cases - 4 of these cases are figured as well in the first group because of the clinical sign of paraplegia). All other patients (about 29 000) are represented with 16 deaths. Comparing literature deathrate of paraplegia and total hip replacement are detailed discussed. PMID- 6516542 TI - [Spontaneous idiopathic osteolysis (Gorham syndrome). A case report]. AB - The spontaneous idiopathic osteolysis is know as a slow progressive absorbtion process of the bone with unknown causes. It is supposed that in the "Gorham Syndrom" a hamangiomatosis of the bone exists. In some cases of spontaneous osteolysis there wasn't any vascular proliferation noted. One case with spontaneous osteolysis will be discussed. The histological picture of this patient is described as a chronic uspecific osteoarthritis. Another case could be documented radiologically at the left distal ulna. The attribution of these cases to the "Gorham-Syndrom" is discussed. PMID- 6516543 TI - [Chronic polyarthritis and polytrauma. A case report]. AB - Rheumatoid arthritis already can lead to an extreme limited range of motion of the whole patient in an early age. A female patient of 39 years has been immobilized for a period of about 6 years. By accident she was suffering too from multiple fractures, especially of both femora and both elbow-joints. Rheumatoid arthritis and traumatic lesions lead to incommon surgical procedures. Both hip-, both elbow- and both kneejoints, regarding to the fractures, were replaced during three operation periods. Within half a year the patient was far extending independent of nursing and able to walk again. PMID- 6516544 TI - [Lunate malacia and its treatment with lunate excision]. AB - The malazie of the Os lunatum ist one of the most frequent aseptic bone-necroses. It is found mainly with patients between the age of 25 and 35 years. That means that most of our patients are working full time. We give a clinical report of the disease and discuss the different aetiopathogenetic mechanisms according to the literature. In addition we give a cronological survey over possible methods of treatment both conservative and operative. We describe our method of treatment introduced by Mittelmeier (1965). In this method the gap that arises by resection of the Os lunatum is filled with a helved piece of soft tissue. This filling material consists of a volar helved piece of the joint-capsula and of epitendinosus tissue of the deep flexor-tendons. In the Orthopaedic University Hospital in Homburg/Saar we have a casuistic of 42 cases treated by this method. This is the biggest casuistic in the literature as fare as we know. We report our results of treatment based an a clinical and X-ray examination. With this method we had satisfying longterm results in 80% of the cases. Even after years we hardly found an arthrosis between Os naviculare and radius. According to these results we recommend the method after Mittelmeier for the treatment of the malazie of the Os lunatum even for severe cases with fragmentation and collaps of the Os lunatum. PMID- 6516545 TI - [Follow-up results following Matti-Russe grafting in navicular pseudarthrosis]. AB - The navicular pseudarthrosis is in case of early and appropriate treatment of the navicular fracture relatively seldom. It develops often after a too late diagnosed or insufficiently treated navicular fracture. After an introduction of the pathogenetic causes of the navicular pseudarthrosis we give a survey over the operative methods of treatment represented in literature favourising the method of the implantation of a corticospongious bone-graft after Matti in the modification of Russe, which we prefer in our hospital. We base the long-term results of our treatment on a casuistic of 105 patients, operated after the method Matti-Russe. We performed a follow-up of 68 patients between 3 and 16 years after the operation (8,4 years on average). In our critical examination we put stress on the functional results, on the subjective and objective sucess of the operation, on the professional situation of the patients and its social medical meaning. At last we give a comparison with the most extensive casuistics of the literature. PMID- 6516546 TI - [Isolated bone tuberculosis of the talus. Case report]. AB - In view of the rarity of isolated bone tuberculosis a case is reported here. Clinical and laboratory findings are also described. The patient was a nine-year old boy. We were unable to find any other case of isolated tuberculosis reported in the literature. PMID- 6516547 TI - [Clinical aspects and treatment of arthrogryposis multiplex congenita. Lower extremity]. AB - This is a report about 25 patients of 28 AMC patients with affected lower limbs. From distal to proximal the joints are less attacked. The club-foot is most frequent. It nearly always needs operative treatment. The best results can be obtained by bony operations (exstirpation of the talus, lateral resection of the cuboid, subtalar arthrodesis). In knee joints the frequent flexion-gryposis is functionaly disturbing. It can be eliminated in most of the cases only by operation. The supracondylar extension-osteotomy has to be rejected in children in favour of a dorsal arthrolysis. Flexion-gryposis preponderate in hip joints. Conservative treatment is most often successful, when flexion is not supported by flexion-gryposis of the knee. Frog like contractures are very obstinate and need operative treatment. There exist different opinions whether open reduction of bilateral complete luxation of the hip is necessary or not. Our 3 patients with complete luxation of both hips had a satisfying function of hips after false external rotation was eliminated by osteotomy of the femur. Unilateral luxation of a hip needs open reduction even if a live in sitting position has to be expected. Our own experience is compared with reports of other authors and guiding principles for treatment are presented. PMID- 6516548 TI - [Relation between distribution of roentgen density and tensile strength to pressure and tension in the shaft center of the human tibia]. AB - Investigations on 12 tibiae of 6 male corpses (68-81 years). In radiographs of cross-sectional slices from the middle of the shaft, the distribution of the density has been investigated by the method of Konermann (1971) and calibrated by a staircase of aluminium. In samples, taken from the positions anterior, medial, posterior and lateral, proximally and distally of the cross-section, tensile and compressive strength has been determined. From the results is concluded, that there exists functional adaptation of mechanical stress in the central part of the tibia with the following pattern: adaptation to tension at the locations anterior and medial, and adaptation to compression at the locations posterior and lateral. At the compression-side there is an additional adaptation by increased density. PMID- 6516549 TI - [In vitro studies on the effect of dissolved and undissolved heterologous collagen sponge on human thrombocytes]. AB - Hemostasis in bone-bleeding is difficult. Local haemostatics are often used. We take xenolog collagen-sponge--in bone defects--combined with synthetic apatite, to achieve additional osteoinduction. Mechanism of haemostasis by collagen-sponge is examined. After a detailed discussion of literature in vitro experiments with xenolog collagen-sponge and dissolved collagen-sponge (Pentapharm Braun Melsungen) are reported. While native collagen is an important natural haemostatic agent, this collagen-specific effect is not observed in our experiments, neither in platelets nor in endoplasmatic haemostasis. Regarding clinical eperiences physical effects must be considered as mechanism of haemostasis by xenolog collagen-sponge. PMID- 6516550 TI - [Transverse groove of the elbow joint. A biomechanical interpretation of its origin]. AB - The division of the trochlear notch into a dorsal and a volar part by a furrow free of cartilage covering has been previously described by several authors. This subdivision is present in about 2/3 of the adults, while it is regularly absent in children. Several earlier attempts of interpretation could be refuted by some other authors, others seem not to be sufficient to vs. The fact, that living articular cartilage swells under functional stressing induced our conception about the change of the joint congruency by this swelling. The compensation of this incongruency by the joint pressure causes an alteration of the stress pattern, hereby the deepest part of the joint becomes relatively discharged. According to the theory of the functional adaptation of the connective and supporting tissues the cartilage in the less stressed areas becomes reduced and thus the transverse notch arises, while the thickness of cartilage in the dorsal and the volar part increases. PMID- 6516551 TI - [Comparative studies on necrosis susceptibility of capsular tissue in arthrosis and endoprosthetic joint replacement]. AB - We examined the rates of necrosis of newly formed capsula tissue (the number of newly formed capsular tissues with necrosis) after the reoperation of 95 cemented and 11 uncemented total and cup endoprostheses, consisting of different arteficial joint materials. A comparison was made to the joint capsular tissue of 492 patients with arthrosis. The necrosis rate shows a lack of statistical significance within the two year-groups over a period of 12 years and between the different types of prostheses by using PMMA-bone cement. Therefore, it is assumed that a biological equivalence of the prostheses wear products is reached. It is also argued that necrosis can possibly develop from the sudden increased accumulation of PMMA-bone cement particles from the bone bed, caused by the loosening of the prosthesis. In comparison the newly formed capsular tissue of the uncemented prostheses, of which no necrosis was shown, evidence is given that the development of necrosis is chiefly due the quantity of PMMA wear products present. Because of the difficulty to exactly identify the PMMA-bone cement wear products, the toxicity of the PMMA-bone cement--who ist good known and in agreement in recent literature--or its wear products continues to be of hypothetical value in the production of necrosis. This is inspite of the successful detection by the gaschromatograph of the highly toxic paratoliudine in PMMA-bone cement. On the basis of the high statistical significance of the rate of necrosis in comparing the arthrosis joint capsules (14.83%) to the newly formed capsules (73 : 100%) it is shown that the capsulare fibrosis and scar formation to the obliteration of the lymphatic vessels is of secondary importance. PMID- 6516552 TI - [Roentgenologic stages of Perthes disease]. AB - Not only for giving the diagnosis "Perthes' disease" but also with regard to prognostic statements the knowledge of the radiological stages of Perthes' disease is essential. The present treatise demonstrates the radiological course of Perthes' disease, how it results from the evaluation of the courses of illness of 116 patients, which were treated in the period from 1965 to 1980 at the Orthopedic University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf because of a genuine Perthes' disease. The following schema turned out to be appropriate to the assessment: I. Initial stage, I a Early period, I b Late period. II. Florid stage, II a Sclerosing period, II b Fragmental period, II c Osteolytic period. III. Stage of regeneration. IV. Final stage. PMID- 6516553 TI - [Effect of various criteria on the course and therapy result in Perthes disease]. AB - The present treatise gives an account of the courses of illness as well as of the results of a follow-up examination of 116 patients, which have been treated in the period from 1965 to 1980 at the Orthopedic University Hospital Hamburg Eppendorf because of a genuine Perthes' disease. Sufficient documented courses are going back to the year 1952. In the centre of interest is the question about the influence of the method of treatment, of the patients' age at the time of giving the diagnosis as well as of the radiological stage of illness at the moment of giving the diagnosis on the course and on the therapeutic result of Perthes' disease. Clinical parameters have been subdivided in the classifications of Renckhoff (1975) as well as of Howorth and Ferguson (1934). The assessment of the radiological results took place according to the classifications of Sundt (1949) as well as of Bauer und Junger (1977). 4 therapeutic groups, 7 stage of disease and 5 age groups have been differentiated. According to the results of this long-term study at the moment the immediate intertrochanteric varus osteotomy, independent of the radiological stage of disease and of the patient's age, is being looked upon as the best method of treatment for Perthes' disease. PMID- 6516554 TI - [Bilateral fatigue fracture of the femur neck in Bechterew disease. Case report]. AB - Report of a 43-year-old male with Ankylosing Spondylitis. A bilateral fatigue fracture of the neck of femor discovered by plain X-ray caused only minimal discomfort. PMID- 6516555 TI - [Experiences with Wagner's cup prosthesis]. AB - Surface replacement is an alternative procedure especially in younger patients who absolutely need hip replacement. Accurate diagnosis is imperative and the range of indications is naturally small. A follow up study of 44 patients (range, 10 months to 4 years) showed 2 loosenings (5%); other severe complications were not seen. In 39 (89%) hips was no more pain after operation and there was a distinct improvement of motility in 39 (89%) cases. Avascular necrosis should not be treated by surface replacement. Primary inflammatory diseases (rheumatoid arthritis) seem to have a higher incidence of complications, especially when long time treated with large doses of steroids. Cortisone medication promotes avascular necrosis of the hip and lytic enzymes coming from the pannus might be another reason for loosening. According to our experience the position of the cup according to varus or valgus has no influence on the result of the operation. The Watson-Jones approach seems to be better than the approach recommended by Wagner, because paraarticular calcifications are seldom seen. PMID- 6516557 TI - [Computer assisted production of individual anatomic endoprostheses]. AB - Long-term anchorage of foreign material in vital bone has proven to be the main problem in endoprosthetics. In the authors opinion, modelling of an individual anatomic anchorange component is, at present, the best way to transmit stresses harmoniously in order to utilize functional adaptation of bone and to attain long term function. The production of a true-to-scale joint model is possible with computer-assisted-tomography. This model of a joint surface or bone canal can be used to construct an individual endoprosthesis prior to surgery. Our procedure of manifactoring a hip stem and a knee-surface-prosthesis is described. PMID- 6516556 TI - [Results of infection prevention in hip joint alloarthroplasty with cefamandole]. AB - With regard to the unsatisfactory number of infections after total hip replacement operated in conventional operating rooms the problems of antibiotic prophylaxis has been discussed for years but has remained contested until today. We tested the efficiency of a peri- and postoperative prophylaxis of Cefamandole (Mandokef) on a non selected collective of 384 patients undergoing total hip replacement during a period of exactly two years. The results of these patients were compared to those of a preceded comparable collective of 319 patients who did not have a perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis. Cefamandole was given 4.6 postoperative days on the average. Compared to the collective of 319 patients there was a significant reduction of secondary healing in the "cefamandole collective" from 3.1% to 0.8%. The number of deep infections were reduced from 3.8% to 0.8%. Allergic side effects of the antibiotic could be reduced from 12.5% ("secondary" prophylaxis sometimes applied to patients of the first collective) to 1.3% ("cefamandole-group"), the mycosis rate was reduced from 3.8% to 1.8%. There were no grave complications of the cefamandole-prophylaxis, not even effects on the microclimate of the hospital. Two of the three infected hip arthroplasties (prophylaxis-group) could be saved by a second operation when putting a through-drainage and giving a special antibiotic treatment. The prosthesis had to be removed only in one single case (0.3%). Beside the importance of a prophylactic antibiotic treatment we point out the efficiency of a clean air system, furthermore, these two procedures are economically justifiable. PMID- 6516558 TI - Atherogenesis in the swine Evans blue model. PMID- 6516559 TI - What is the nature of the coronary atherosclerotic lesions that have been shown to regress in experiments with nonhuman primates and by angiography in man? PMID- 6516560 TI - [Rheologic evaluation of vascular branch thrombosis]. PMID- 6516561 TI - On the involvement of platelets in atherogenesis: some ultrastructural features. PMID- 6516562 TI - Changes in thromboxane formation by platelets during and after a continuous endotoxin infusion into rabbits. PMID- 6516563 TI - Follow-up of in-vivo platelet function (platelet half-life, thromboxane B2) in patients with coronary heart disease. PMID- 6516564 TI - Properties of blood platelets that may be relevant to atherogenesis. PMID- 6516565 TI - Scintigraphic detection of femoral artery atherosclerosis with 111-indium-labeled autologous platelets. PMID- 6516566 TI - The universities and medical education: problems and opportunities. PMID- 6516567 TI - [Neuromorphology of the skin in patients with post-burn hypertrophic scars]. PMID- 6516568 TI - [Digestive activity of intestinal disaccharidases in infants with eczema]. PMID- 6516569 TI - [Clinico-immunological substantiation of the therapeutic effectiveness of delagil in porphyria cutanea tarda]. PMID- 6516570 TI - [Principles of clinical testing of new dermatological preparations]. PMID- 6516571 TI - [Clinical manifestations and treatment of dermatosis delirium]. PMID- 6516572 TI - [Use of microexplosions as a new physiotherapeutic method in the treatment of psoriasis]. PMID- 6516573 TI - [Effect of glucocorticoid therapy on the adrenal cortex function in children with neurodermatitis]. PMID- 6516574 TI - [Treatment of patients with neurodermatitis by exchange plasmapheresis]. PMID- 6516575 TI - [Zinc metabolism in patients with psoriasis]. PMID- 6516577 TI - [Diagnosis of tuberculous lupus erythematosus]. PMID- 6516576 TI - [Generalized form of herpes zoster]. PMID- 6516578 TI - [Congenital epidermolysis bullosa of the Weber-Cockayne type]. PMID- 6516579 TI - [Grinspan's syndrome]. PMID- 6516580 TI - [Septic form of erysipeloid]. PMID- 6516581 TI - [Case of alopecia associated with vitiligo and psoriasis]. PMID- 6516582 TI - [Clinical aspects and diagnosis of anorectal gonorrhea]. PMID- 6516583 TI - [Problems in definition and comparison of perinatal and infant mortality]. AB - One of the reasons for variations in infant mortality could be the differences in registration of vital events. In this paper the legal definitions regarding spontaneous abortion, stillbirth and live birth are studied taking into account international and time related differences. One of the often cited influencing factors on registration--the religion--has possibly influenced differences between Swiss cantons before the sixties. PMID- 6516584 TI - [Quality of coding of causes of death in Switzerland]. AB - This article summarizes the results of a recoding study, the design of which has been presented elsewhere (ref. 4). Results on underlying cause of death are presented as validity (comparison with coding of a medical expert) and reliability (comparison of repeated FSO internal codings). Validity problems occur chiefly with cardiopathies and cerebrovascular disease and in old age. Valitity of coding of cancer is generally satisfactory, although an estimated 7% overcoding occurs. An estimated 63% of deaths fall into reliably coded cause-of death categories, but again problems occur with cardiopathies and old agegroups. For the analysis of trends in cardiopathies, ne needs to consider simultaneously the evolution of the numbers of deaths with cancer of breast and prostate, hypertension and arteriosclerosis, and diseases of connective tissue, skin and skeleton. PMID- 6516585 TI - [Selectivity of tests, on which standardized mortality quotients rest]. AB - This paper presents a simple way of calculating the (approximate) power of a test based on the SMR. By means of an example, the use of this quantity, both for planning a study and for analysis is illustrated. Postulating an effect of a given magnitude on mortality, one can calculate the chances of success of a planned study. After data collection, one can, in the case of a nonsignificant result, at least give an upper limit to the effect: larger effects would likely have produced a significant result. PMID- 6516586 TI - Using national mortality data to study the changing sex differential in mortality. AB - Sex differences in mortality vary widely among the developed countries. Male overmortality is highest in Finland and the USSR, followed closely by France, Poland, the USA and Canada. The differential is lowest in Japan, Ireland and in south-eastern Europe. The sex mortality ratio is highest at ages 15-24 years with a second peak generally occurring around age 60. The excess mortality of males at the younger ages is due largely to motor vehicle accidents while higher death rates from heart disease and lung cancer in particular account for a substantial proportion of male excess mortality during the later years of working life. During the course of the 20th century, the impact of sex differences in mortality from the infectious and parasitic diseases has declined, as has the contribution from maternal mortality. Males have also benefited from a decline in industrial accidents but this has been more than countered by rising death rates from heart diseases, lung cancer and motor vehicle accidents. PMID- 6516587 TI - Socioeconomic and occupational mortality differentials in Europe. PMID- 6516588 TI - [Social inequality of mortality in France (1975-1980): a longitudinal study]. AB - This paper describes a method used in France in order to observe the mortality differences among socio-economic groups: this is a follow-up study which uses a population sample from the census files. This paper presents also some results regarding the probabilities of death among social groups, shows the trends of these differences during the last decades and gives an overview on the main causes of death responsible for this social gradient. PMID- 6516589 TI - [Statistics of obligatory accident insurance--a contribution to health statistics in Switzerland]. AB - After our compulsory accident insurance was reorganized, all employees and workers of Switzerland have been insured against accidents and occupational diseases since the beginning of 1984. The federal law on accident insurance prescribes also homogeneous statistics and SUVA has to run this task. The data thus gained are important for the Swiss health statistics and make it possible to set forth on a broader basis the work begun by SUVA under the previous law. The essay reviews object, organization and use of the data as well as the various aspects of data protection. PMID- 6516590 TI - [Sentinel reporting system in Switzerland?]. PMID- 6516591 TI - [Data protection and medical research]. AB - This paper deals with the changes in medical research due to new methodologies and technologies. The author shows that these changes generate many problems regarding data protection (DP) and right of privacy. The legal problems are mainly related to the criminal protection regarding medical secret. The DP laws extend this protection to all steps of information treatment. Since in Switzerland, the DP legislation is still to be completely developed, the author bases himself on the constitutional law to know how far the research activities have to take account of DP requirements and, inversely, how far the DP laws have to provide for less binding measures in the field of research. It is by far preferable to conduct researches with completely anonymous data. When not possible, according to the constitutional principle of interests' balance, measures have to be taken in order to make possible the formal consent of the patient, or to replace this consent by external control of the research project and by security measures. PMID- 6516593 TI - [Arterio-mesenteric duodenal occlusion in children and adolescents--a rare form of intestinal obstruction]. AB - The arteriomesenteric occlusion of the duodenum is a rare form of intestinal obstruction in children and adolescents. Precipitating factors are disorders of the spine, loss of weight and kachexia. The angle formed by the mesenteric artery and the aorta determines whether or not an obstruction at this point occurs. With the exception of acute forms of obstruction the treatment is conservative. For patients, in whom conservative treatment is inappropriate, the different surgical approaches are discussed. PMID- 6516592 TI - [Conservative and operative treatment of the funnel chest]. AB - For the last 30 years, interest in chest wall anomalies has been growing. On the one hand physicians and patients were seeking advice and help from specialists, whereas on the other hand the media devoted more time and space to this subject. The present contribution deals with the funnel chest (cobblers' chest). In infancy the funnel chest can be treated in a conservative way. The favourable age periods for surgical treatment are between 6 and 8 and after 12 years of age. We reached this conclusion on the basis of 171 follow-up examinations of patients during the period 1966-1982. PMID- 6516594 TI - [Isolated scalds and burns of the hands in early childhood]. AB - Every year about a hundred children with burns and scalds are hospitalised in the Burns Unit of the University Children's Hospital in Zurich. 15% of these patients are children between 1/2 to 4 years old with isolated burns and scalds of their hands. The experience gained in the treatment of 53 such children during 4 years is described. The burn healed spontaneously in 31 patients; in 22 cases Thiersch grafts had to be used. In the follow-up treatment compression suits and special splints to prevent secondary contractures were employed. The results of this treatment using splints and compression suits are discussed. PMID- 6516595 TI - Surgical treatment of congenital thoraco-brachial arterio-venous macrofistula, complicated by haemorrhage, infection and congestive heart failure. PMID- 6516596 TI - [Bilateral diaphragmatic hernia]. AB - A case of a newborn with bilateral Bochdalek's diaphragmatic hernia is reported. Because of respiratory distress the patient had to be operated on urgently; the left diaphragmatic hernia was repaired. On the 12th day of life, relaparatomy was performed and the right diaphragma was operated because of a suspected ileus. The clinical course was good and at the age of 11 weeks the patient was discharged. This malformation is extremely rare. Extensively studied cases of bilateral diaphragmatic hernia are not often found in literature. PMID- 6516597 TI - Neonatal renovascular hypertension: haematoma within the renal arterial wall. A case report. AB - A two-hour-old girl with renovascular hypertension is presented. After aggressive antihypertensive medication, nephrectomy was carried out, but she expired soon after operation. Autopsy revealed intramural haematomas between the media and the adventitia at the centre of both renal arteries where the luminal occlusions were observed. PMID- 6516598 TI - [Dependability of ABO findings in stored blood samples]. AB - Report on the occurrence of "acquired" A or B in stored blood samples. This bacterial alteration is of importance when an indirect experimental investigation with the absorption-elution technique is needed in advanced cases of hemolysis. One has to consider this disturbing factor in identification tests (alcoholic blood samples). In dried blood stains we did not notice this problem, but it has to be taken into account in genitals stains. PMID- 6516599 TI - [Determination of the time of death based on simultaneous measurement of brain and rectal temperatures]. AB - Analysis of the data on 21 corpses (brain and rectal temperatures which had been recorded simultaneously) yielded the following results and conclusions with regard to separate or combined computations of time of death: In the range of a standardized brain temperature (QH) 0.5 less than or equal to QH less than 1.0 (approx. up to 6.5 hpm), the most precise computations of time of death are achieved by exclusive application of brain temperature (standard deviation around dt = 0 "s0" = +/- 0.75; variation: 3.3 h). In the range of 0.3 less than or equal to QH less than 0.5 (approx. 6.5-10.5 hpm), combined computation of time of death balanced in the ratio of 6:4 (brain/rectum) is comparatively the most precise one (s0 = +/- 1.18; variation: 5 h). In the range of 0.07 less than or equal to QH less than 0.03 (beyond 10.5 hpm), the most precise computation of time of death (s0 = +/- 1.62; variation: 6.6 h) is achieved by exclusive application of rectal temperature. An "integrated" approach composed of both computation formulae, and thus possibly eliminating temperature in the occurrence of death, seems to be appropriate in the range of about 0.5 less than or equal to QH greater than 1.0 to avoid major errors in computing times of death, e.g., in cases involving fever in the occurrence of death (s0 = +/- 0.69; variation: 2.7 h). PMID- 6516600 TI - [Was "the incredible suicide by axe blows" in reality a homicide?]. AB - In 1935 the middle-aged wife of a farmer was found with several wounds in her head, originating from blows from an axe that was found nearby. The death was accepted as a "most unusual case of suicide" and was reported by Willy Munck in this journal (27:308-318, 1937). The present author, who at that time was a young medical student and dealt with the victim in hospital, was of another opinion but tried in vain to have the case re-considered. On the basis of some original observations, it is suggested that "the unusual suicide" should rightly be considered as a murder case. PMID- 6516601 TI - Homicidal blunt abdominal trauma with isolated laceration of the small bowel mesentery. AB - Nonpenetrating abdominal trauma rarely causes isolated mesenteric lacerations with fatal hemorrhages. When this does happen, it is often the result of compression by a lap seal belt or a steering wheel, only extremely rarely is it the result of a homicidal act. In the present paper, two homicide victims with resulting mesenteric tears and fatal bleeding due to sagittal compression are described. A high blood alcohol concentration may in both cases have contributed to the fatal outcome. The cases support the assumption that direct rather than indirect trauma causes this kind of lesion. PMID- 6516602 TI - Fatal head injuries from firearms. An autopsy study of 270 cases. AB - Autopsy findings in 270 fatal head injuries from firearms are reported, including 243 suicides and 27 homicides. The most frequent weapon used for both groups were shot guns which are easily available in Norway. For suicides the most favored sites were right tempoparietal, frontal, and mouth. Twenty-six percent of the victims from homicides had multiple wounds in their head. Suicide by firearms showed marked male predominance, whereas the sex ratio for homicide was rather equal between the two sexes. PMID- 6516603 TI - [Proof of death by drowning by smoker cells washed into the left heart blood]. AB - Post-mortem cytological examinations of left heart blood have established that in cigarette smokers drowning or aspiration of liquids cause smoker cells to be washed from the pulmonary alveoli into the heart blood. Cytochemical detection of smoker cells in the heart blood is recommended as a forensic test with regard to diagnosing the vitality of drowning. PMID- 6516605 TI - [35 years of the German Democratic Republic, 35 years of development in urology as an integrated part of socialist public health]. PMID- 6516604 TI - [Clomethiazole poisoning]. AB - Clomethiazol can cause addiction, it can cause misbehavior in street traffic, and overdosage can lead to death. This paper presents 18 fatal cases in which clomethiazol played an essential role. This type of intoxication can be indicated by case history, easily identifiable tablets in the stomach contents, and a characterized odor. Since clomethiazol is easy to overlook during the general chemical analysis, a special gas chromatographical investigation should be made. PMID- 6516606 TI - [Percutaneous, transrenal balloon catheter dilatation. A possibility for the treatment of uretero-enteral implantation stenoses]. AB - In contrast to the undisputed position of percutaneous translumenal balloon catheter dilation of arteriostenoses, the use of this method on strictures of the efferent urinary tract is hardly known. Encouraged by initial promising reports, we present our own application of this method in a cases of bilateral recidive implantation stenoses with progressive hydronephrosis following operative revision of a Bricker conduit. Balloon dilation (Gruntzig catheter) was performed several times antegradely via previously made bilateral percutaneous pyelonephrostomies. The follow-up period was 12 months. Clinical consolidation of the patient's state with an initial unilateral morphological confirmation of improvement in the drainage of urine is an encouragement to repeat the procedure. If the late result is also good and when we have more experience, this method could be an acceptable alternative in the very difficult decision between terminal insertion of a pyelo-nephrostomy and the strain of a repeated reconstruction operation, especially in patients at high risk for operations or generally. PMID- 6516607 TI - [Pathogenesis of symptomatic varicocele in kidney tumor]. AB - On the basis of two case reports the pathogenesis of symptomatic varicocele in cases of kidney tumour due to flow impairment in the testicular vein is doubted. A reflux of venous blood due to collateral circulation is referred to as a possible cause. PMID- 6516608 TI - [Flow technic for analysis of the pyelocaliceal system with regard to the genesis of urinary calculi. III. Studies of dynamic models]. AB - Experiments with rubber models of the renal pelvis support the supposition that the state of flow in the pelvi-calyceal system influences the formation of urinary calculi. PMID- 6516609 TI - [Methodologic references for clinical function diagnosis of glomerular permeability selectivity by molecular wight related protein analysis and additional para-aminohippuric acid load]. AB - Glomerular perm selectivity can be approximately estimated from the apparent glomerular protein clearance in terms of molecular weight since the relative protein clearance is approximately identical with the corresponding screen coefficient relation. Systematic relativization of individual protein clearances by reference to albumin (or transferrin) clearance requires the application of special calculations to find out the regression coefficients relevant to functional diagnosis. A PAH load influences tubular protein reabsorption so that the clearance of higher-molecular proteins (IgA alpha 2-macroglobuli, IgM) rises. Taking the changes in protein clearance under renotubular PAH load into account allows a more precise estimation of glomerular permeability to be made, in comparison with protein analyses not using PAH load. PMID- 6516610 TI - Spontaneous pericardial mesothelioma in a rat. PMID- 6516611 TI - [Long-term recording of electrocortico- and electroencephalograms in conscious, swine. II. Results of visual graphic and quantitative computations]. PMID- 6516612 TI - Emergence of imagines of Aphomia sociella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) after exposure of cocooned larvae to low temperatures. PMID- 6516613 TI - Electrocoagulation as a method to induce local lesions in the tracheal wall of Syrian hamsters. PMID- 6516614 TI - Salinity-loving fungi in Egyptian soils. I. Numbers, identities, and halophilism. AB - The total numbers and the frequencies of fungi in one normal and three saline soils were determined, using a nutrient medium containing sodium chloride concentrations up to 10% (w/v). The most salinity-tolerant fungi were found to belong to the two genera Aspergillus and Penicillium. Four selected Penicillium isolates showed a typical halophilic behaviour. Their growth was directly proportional to the concentration of sodium chloride in the nutrient medium up to 10% (w/v). Some of the isolates could tolerate up to 30% sodium chloride in the medium (w/v). PMID- 6516615 TI - [Papilla and pancreas cancer. An epidemiologic-clinical case control study of 298 patients]. AB - The study is based on the case records of 816 in-patients (256 adenocarcinoma of the pancreas, 42 carcinoma of Vater's papilla and 518 controls) admitted to the Surgical Clinic of Munster University between 1974 and 1982. With respect to preliminary diseases only pancreatitis and cholecystectomy showed a significant difference between cancer group and control group. 36% of the patients with ampullary and 6.7% with pancreas cancer survived the five-year limit. Prognosis was best among patients over 60. PMID- 6516616 TI - [Artificial mesh as an aid in abdominal wall closure in postoperative peritonitis, postoperative abdominal wall dehiscence and reconstruction of the abdominal wall]. AB - Plastic mesh was utilized for repairing abdominal wall defects and postoperative wound dehiscence. In case of postoperative peritonitis the insertion of mesh without closing the skin provides a decrease of intra-abdominal pressure and an effective drainage of the abdominal cavity. The use of mesh in 27 patients shows the advantage of an absorbable mesh compared with a non-absorbable one. PMID- 6516617 TI - [Operation-induced iatrogenic lesions of the colon and rectum--diagnostic and therapeutic principles and legal insurance aspects]. AB - The slightest suspicion of an iatrogenic lesion requires immediate diagnosis. A complete perforation of the rectal or colonic wall has to be treated surgically in every case. PMID- 6516618 TI - [Intestinal injuries in rectosigmoidoscopy in expert opinion]. AB - Based on criteria of evaluation in the field of rectoscopy, questions are derived which concern expert opinions on rectal lesions during rectoscopy. Excluding a dereliction, the authors take the view that, owing to the rare occurrence of rectal perforations in the course of an instrumental examination of the rectum, criteria can now be given in each case for applying the law on the extended material support of persons in the case of lesions due to surgical operations. PMID- 6516619 TI - [Rectal perforation by a retroperitoneal barium infiltration. Surgical therapy]. PMID- 6516620 TI - [Multiple fracture]. AB - The term 'deux etages fracture' is used in different meanings. Therefore, an exact definition seems necessary. 38 own cases of this kind treated in the last 5 years are analysed. Special problems of diagnosis and treatment of this type of fracture are dealt with. Because of the risky complications primary definitive treatment is emphasized especially in cases of compound fractures and in cases with severe simultaneous lesions. PMID- 6516621 TI - [Severe liver injuries]. AB - This is a retrospective study of all post-mortem reports made by the Institute of Forensic Medicine at the University of Brno between 1972 and 1981, where a hepatic trauma was present (495 cases). Only 73 patients, suffering from a liver injury mostly in combination with concomitant injuries were admitted in time. All others came to death during transportation or before surgical help could be established. Diagnostically the authors emphasise urgent laparoscopy and in special cases selective arteriography, sonography and CT. Partial resection of the liver segments should be preferred to tamponade of liver wounds which is no longer recommended. PMID- 6516623 TI - [Etiology, prognosis and therapy of frostbite]. AB - Frostbite is a serious illness with potentially disastrous consequences. The authors present a review of its pathophysiology, classification, prognosis and treatment under the special aspect of armed forces operating in subzero regions. PMID- 6516622 TI - [Treatment of frostbite]. AB - The author reports his experiences on 422 patients suffering from congelations and the therapy practised. 530 animal experiments (rats, dogs, rabbits) were performed to investigate the sequelae of frost injuries concerning circulation, tissue temperature, toxaemia, shock and their treatment. PMID- 6516624 TI - [Occupational and social rehabilitation of patients in an operative-traumatologic intensive care unit]. AB - About 100 polytraumatized patients were treated yearly at the ICU of the Institute of Anaesthesiology of the Technical University of Munich. Mortality lay in the range between 30 to 40%, i.e. approximately 70 patients had to be rehabilitated per year. 75 patients treated from 1976 to 1977 were followed-up and their condition was investigated together with an inquiry into their work readjustment and social rehabilitation. In most cases the patients were found to be able to resume their previous work and it was possible to reintegrate them into society and their families. With the exception of 2 patients all examined patients still suffered some disablement. PMID- 6516625 TI - [External fixation of the cervical vertebrae with the halo-yoke system]. PMID- 6516626 TI - [Initial experiences with a new driving instrument for intramedullary nailing of proximal femoral fractures]. PMID- 6516627 TI - [Copper, zinc, lead and cadmium in the placenta]. AB - On the occasion of investigations about the placental content of copper, zinc, plumbum and cadmium it was pointed out that the placental content of these trace elements depends from age and residence of the pregnant women, date of birth and fetal weight. PMID- 6516628 TI - [Metabolism of triglycerides of the placenta during extraorganic circulation]. AB - An attempt has been made to evaluate the behaviour of triglycerides in the perfusional liquid of the human placenta under the influence of orciprenaline in the quantity of 40 micrograms/min and papaverine in quantity of 320 micrograms/min. In own experiments the authors discovered that these drugs which are given in the above mentioned doses increase the tension of the anaerobic metabolism of the placenta which is expressed by the quotient of lactate/pyruvate. The examinations were made on 30 placentas which were perfused extracorporally. In the control group of the placentas isotonic saline was administered. Concentration of triglycerides in the perfusion fluid was determined 30, 60, 90, 120 minute after beginning the experiment. Increase in the concentration of triglycerides after administration of orciprenaline was found and a constant decrease after the application of papaverine. Based on examinations of the metabolism of glucose in an identical experimental model and observations made by other authors a hypothesis was put forward that the increased synthesis of triglycerides is a reflection of the increasing tension of the anaerobic metabolism of the placenta. This process may constitute a compensatory mechanism of the metabolic activity of the placenta in the conditions of the limited accessibility of oxygen. The synthesis of triglycerides in ischemic tissue can perform two basic functions: 1. it assures constant regeneration of NADP, 2. it eliminates the endproducts of glycolyse transforming the pyruvate through the acetylo-CoA into the fatty acid and triglycerides. The increase of synthesis of triglycerides serves as replacement of oxygen and makes it possible to maintain the hexose-monophosphate shunt activity and Embden Mayerhof pathway.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6516630 TI - [Serum immunoglobulins in diabetic and healthy pregnant patients and their newborn infants]. AB - The immunoglobulin G, A, and M levels in maternal serum sampled at delivery and in umbilical cord serum of diabetic and normal pregnant women and their newborns had been estimated and compared. The aim of the diabetic control was to achieve normoglycemic blood glucose levels during pregnancy. IgG and IgM of diabetics were significantly lower, IgA levels were comparable to normal pregnant women. Excluding the 39th week gestation however both series of newborns divided in groups of same gestational age had comparable immunoglobulin levels. The data are discussed with those of other authors. According to these results immunological host defense due to placental IgG transport and fetal production of IgA and IgM in infants of well-controlled pregnant diabetics can be considered to be comparable to those of normal pregnant women. PMID- 6516631 TI - [Results of a prepartal monitoring program in twin pregnancies]. AB - 152 multiple pregnancies were examined retrospectively. In one group (A) of 59 multiple pregnancies was no therapy, whereas in the other one (B) of 93 multiple pregnancies the duration of pregnancy was prolonged by an early diagnosis using ultrasound, taking out of working process, cerclage in the 16th to 20th gestational week, compulsory hospitalisation (29th to 36th gestational week) and tocolysis and induction of labor in the 39th gestational week. By this duration of pregnancy could be prolonged about 17 days. 36th week could be reached by 82 per cent of the so tended pregnancies, 37th week by 35 per cent. Comparing the two regimes the mean birth weight of twin I increased significantly from 2170 to 2420 g and of twin II from 2210 to 2390 g. The percentage of neonates over 2000 g rose from 53,4 per cent to 72.8 per cent. Perinatal mortality decreased from 8.4 per cent to 3.3 per cent. PMID- 6516629 TI - [Determination of selected coagulation parameters in the amniotic fluid of gestosis patients]. AB - Clot determinations were done in plasma and in a mixture of amniotic fluid and plasma in relation 1:1 in 74 patients with toxemia of pregnancy and in 40 normal late pregnant women. Recalcification time was shortened. The activity of the factors of prothrobin complex was detectable in all normal and toxemic patients. Activity of factor V could be detected only in a few cases, plasminogen could not be deceted in the two groups. Clotting activity was stronger in patients with toxemia than in normal pregnant women. PMID- 6516632 TI - [Fetomaternal macrotransfusion with severe fetal anemia]. AB - A fetomaternal macrotransfusion endangers fetal life. This report describes a fetomaternal macrotransfusion of about 300 ml blood. Ante partum and intra partum monitoring showed a mild fetal tachycardia. After spontaneous delivery the newborn was severe anemic and has a mild hepatosplenomegaly and edema. The diagnosis of fetomaternal macrotransfusion was made by Kleihauer-Betke-Test with maternal blood. PMID- 6516634 TI - [Prolapse of the umbilical cord--an intrapartum emergency situation]. AB - There were 37 cases of prolapse of the umbilical cord among 16 177 deliveries (incidence of 0,2%). Therapy is firstly knee-chest positioning of the mother, control of fetal heart rate and acute tokolysis, secondly rapid delivery. The perinatal mortality of prolapsed cord was 13,5 per cent. Various methods of delivery are analysed. PMID- 6516633 TI - [Placental perfusion, endocrine parameters of pregnancy and cardiotocographic non stress tests in cases of intrauterine retardation]. AB - The data of 24 intrauterine growth retarded newborns were analysed retrospectively. The urine estriol, the placental perfusion, and the serum HCS concentrations were determined simultaneously 1 to 27 days before delivery, and cardiotocographic non stress test were also made. There was no correlation between the placental perfusion and endocrine parameters of the placentas. The conclusion is that, the decreased perfusion of the placenta can not be found in each case of intrauterine retardation. The diminished perfusion of the insufficient placenta is more characteristic in toxemic cases. The field of information of the placental perfusion test and the non stress cardiotocography are very near to each other. When the non stress test was pathological, the placental perfusion was always decreased. Probably the first changes in the action of the fetal heart are caused by the hypoxia which is the consequence of the diminished perfusion of the placenta. PMID- 6516635 TI - [Stage distribution and survival rates in cervix cancer at the Gynecologic Clinic of the Debrecen Medical University from 1970 to 1980]. AB - The authors report on the stage distribution and 5-years survival rate of 1158 cervical cancer cases treated from 1970 to 1980 at their center. Comparing these data to those of other institutions according to the 17th volume of Annual Report on the results of treatment in gynecological cancer they found that the stage distribution of their cases is not so favourable as that of other institutions. This unfavourable stage distribution is the consequence of the insufficiency of the mass screening of cervical cancer. Their treatment results characterized by the five year survival rate correspond to the international average. PMID- 6516637 TI - Demodicosis of an African buffalo (Syncerus caffer caffer) in captivity. PMID- 6516636 TI - Fatal infection of an elephant calf caused by the trematode Protofasciola robusta (Lorenz, 1881) in Somaliland. PMID- 6516638 TI - [Establishment of reptilian cell cultures]. PMID- 6516640 TI - Differences in the pathogenicity for calves of Ureaplasma strains depending on the site of their isolation. PMID- 6516639 TI - [Serological diagnosis of Newcastle disease using hemagglutination inhibition and ELISA tests. Kinetics of different classes of vaccinal antibodies]. PMID- 6516641 TI - Experimental infection of horses and ponies by oral and intranasal routes with New York State reovirus type 3 and German reovirus types 1 and 3 equine isolates. PMID- 6516642 TI - Assessment of the dose of the immunological adjuvant Quil A in mice and guinea pigs, using sheep red blood cells as model antigen. PMID- 6516643 TI - Automatic synthesis of oligodeoxynucleotides and mixed oligodeoxynucleotides using the phosphoamidite method. AB - A simplified procedure for making and using the deoxynucleoside phosphoamidites (1 a-d) in the automated synthesis of oligodeoxynucleotides has been developed. The reagents prepared show good stability in solution. The reactivity of the reagents was found to be directly proportional to their concentrations, which makes it possible to synthesize mixed oligomers in desired ratios. Oligomers up to 45-mer have been synthesized using a coupling cycle of twenty min. PMID- 6516644 TI - Specific cleavage of the glycosidic bond between the carbohydrate and ceramide portions in glycosphingolipids using trifluoroacetolysis. AB - A number of glycosphingolipids have been subjected to trifluoroacetolysis. Heating the glycosphingolipid at 100 degrees C for 48 h in mixtures of trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) and trifluoroacetic anhydride (TFAA) varying from 1:1 to 1:100 (v/v) resulted in complete cleavage of the glycosidic bond between the carbohydrate and the unsaturated base of the ceramide. The fatty acid(s) linked to the amino group of sphingosine were also released by transamidation. The carbohydrate portion was stable under these conditions due to stabilization of the glycosidic bonds by the electronegative O-trifluoroacetyl groups. The 2 acetamido-2-deoxy-hexose units in the glycosphingolipids were converted into their N-trifluoroacetyl analogues. The N-trifluoroacetyl functions could be removed and the 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-hexoses could be reconstituted by N acetylation. PMID- 6516645 TI - [Immunology and surgery]. PMID- 6516646 TI - [106 inguinal hernias treated under local anesthesia]. AB - About two series of inguinal hernia, 106 operated under local anesthesia and 100 operated under general anesthesia, the authors reviewed retrospectively the local and general complications and the immediate and long-term results (1 year). The authors observed the same results in both groups; they conclude that local anesthesia can be considered as the first choice procedure in the treatment of uncomplicated hernia of high risk and geriatric patients. PMID- 6516647 TI - [5 cases of neonatal duodenal obstruction]. AB - The authors report five cases of intrinsic duodenal obstruction in neonates, operated upon since 1976 to 1982. In 3 cases, it's a question of atresia and in two cases of annular pancreas. The associated lesions are in one case, a macrocephaly, in a second case, a microcephaly with ocular lesions and in a third case a jejunal atresia. The operating procedure consists four times in a duodeno jejunostomy and one time in a duodeno-duodenostomy. A complementary jejunal resection with end-to-end anastomosis is necessary in the case of associated jejunal atresia. A discharge gastrostomy is performed once only. The post operative feeding is exclusively parenteral. A cholostatic jaundice appears in two cases but run its course favourably. The postoperative course is simple. There is no death. The five cases evolue normally at long term. PMID- 6516648 TI - Precancerous lesions in the stomach. AB - Clinical and epidemiological studies indicate that the risk for gastric cancer is increased in pernicious anaemia, atrophic gastritis, postgastrectomy stumps. Menetrier's disease and gastric adenomatous polyps. Using histoautoradiography, cell maturation disorders have been displayed in all these conditions. Abnormal proliferative patterns or increased uptake of 3H-actinomycin may indicate high risk lesions. However, the predictive value of such histoautoradiographic abnormalities in an individual patient has still to be evaluated by combinating these new techniques with clinical follow-up studies on large series of patients. PMID- 6516649 TI - [Myocutaneous flaps of the pectoralis major. Anatomy, technic and clinical applications]. AB - The authors emphasize the versatility of the pectoralis major myo-cutaneous flap in head and neck reconstruction. They describe the vascular anatomy of the flap after dissection and catheterization of the deep pectoral branch of the acromio thoracic artery in twenty cadavers. They emphasize the consistency and the size of this artery and describe a rich and regular network of perforating myo cutaneous arteries. These allow a high versatility in the size of the cutaneous area. The use of this flap to cover carcinologic or post-radiotherapic defect is indicated because it brings a richly vascularized muscular tissue. The arc rotation of the flap is very large and permits reconstructions in axillary, thoracic and facial area. A "S" superior incision save the possibility of using a homolateral delto-pectoralis cutaneous flap. The authors present five typical clinical applications of this flap. PMID- 6516650 TI - [Aseptic pseudoarthroses of the long bones]. AB - When treating fractures, whether by closed or open technique, the event of a pseudarthrosis is always a threatening complication. Absolute immobilization of the fracture site and tissue viability are the two essential conditions to obtain ossification of a pseudarthrosis. Consequently, after a reasonable period of conservative therapy, consolidation can best be obtained by osteosynthesis associated with decortication and/or cancellous bone grafting. The application of the two biomechanical laws is demonstrated in our series of 32 cases with pseudarthrosis. PMID- 6516651 TI - [Treatment of adenocarcinoma of Vater's ampulla]. AB - We reviewed the records of 51 patients. In two-thirds of the cases the main symptom was icterus; one third presented with pain. The whole group underwent a retrograde choledocho-pancreatography. An abnormal papilla was found in 80% of the cases. This finding proved to be of sufficient diagnostic importance without the necessity of an associated choledocho-pancreatography for diagnostic confirmation. Although in the majority of the cases the choledochus proved to be dilated, pancreatic duct enlargment was only noted in 50%. The only treatment in the very elderly patient was endoscopic sphincterotomy. Younger patients underwent a duodeno-pancreatectomy preceded by an endoscopic sphincterotomy. The morbidity and mortality associated with endoscopic opacification of the biliary and pancreatic ducts and sphincterotomy in this setting is much higher than for all other indications in general. For this reason we propose to perform a choledocho-pancreatography only when indispensable for diagnostic purposes (nl. papilla) or when endoscopic sphincterotomy is the chosen treatment modality. PMID- 6516652 TI - [The value of proximal duodenopancreatectomy for tumors of the biliary-pancreatic junction]. AB - 56 different ampullary and periampullary lesions were treated by pancreaticoduodenal resection (PDR). There were 26 ampullary, 25 pancreatic and 5 biliary duct tumors. A retrospective pathological study of the resected specimen allowed an exact analysis of type, size and loco-regional extension of all these tumors. These data are correlated with the survival rate following an identical surgical treatment. PDR is the first choice therapy of the ampullary tumor even if lymph node involvement is present. The results of this resectional therapy are very disappointing in pancreatic and biliary duct cancers. Presence of multiple risk factors and/or lymph node involvement in these lesions preclude PDR; palliative surgery will be preferred. PMID- 6516653 TI - [Proximal duodenopancreatectomy in the treatment of tumors of the bilio pancreatic junction]. AB - Between 1978 and 1983, 32 patients underwent a proximal duodeno-pancreatectomy for malignant lesions of the ampullary region on head on the pancreas. Pre operative diagnosis was made by endoscopic cholangio-pancreatography, echography, tomodensitometry and arteriography. 14 patients underwent a pre-operative endoscopic bile drainage procedure. The operative mortality was 6,2% and the morbidity 43%; the intensity of the icterus as well as the preoperative bile drainage procedure did not change these factors significantly. The pre-operative diagnostic procedures permitted a clear definition of the extent of the tumor and retrospective analysis demonstrated their prognostic significance with regard to long-term survival. 11 patients are still alive. The presence of histologically proven metastases reduce significantly the duration of survival. Surgical resection is the best treatment for malignant tumors of the ampullary region and the head of the pancreas without local or distant metastases. PMID- 6516654 TI - [Experimental and surgical contribution to the treatment of defects of the abdominal organs and the anastomosis of the digestive tract]. PMID- 6516655 TI - [20 years' experience in the treatment of echinococcosis]. PMID- 6516656 TI - Improvement in early diagnosis and treatment of blunt trauma of the pancreas. PMID- 6516657 TI - [Advances in the early diagnosis and treatment of closed injuries of the pancreas]. PMID- 6516659 TI - Enterogenous cyst of the lung. PMID- 6516658 TI - [Pneumatosis cystoides intestini tenui]. PMID- 6516660 TI - [Benign tumors of the stomach and duodenum]. PMID- 6516661 TI - [Oxalosis--a hereditary metabolic disease as a cause of terminal renal insufficiency]. PMID- 6516662 TI - [Osteoarticular tumors in advanced age]. PMID- 6516663 TI - [Giant cell bone tumor]. PMID- 6516664 TI - [Combination of the cervical anterolateral and the high transthoracic approach in spinal deformities at the cervicothoracic junction]. PMID- 6516665 TI - [Generalized ligamentous laxity. II. Practical part]. PMID- 6516666 TI - [Personal experience with the surgical treatment of habitual luxation of the shoulder joint]. PMID- 6516667 TI - [Injuries of the arteries in the area of the knee]. PMID- 6516668 TI - [Analysis of heredity in pes equinovarus]. PMID- 6516669 TI - [Shoulder injuries in newborn infants]. PMID- 6516670 TI - [Disorders of peripheral innervation in coxarthrosis]. PMID- 6516671 TI - [Tumors of the hand in data from the Department of Plastic Surgery (1975-1983)]. PMID- 6516672 TI - [Development of tuberculous spondylitis in our data]. PMID- 6516674 TI - Improvement of muscle strength after treatment for hyperparathyroidism. AB - Severe muscular weakness and increased fatigability are occasionally encountered in patients with hyperparathyroidism (HPT). An unselected series of 15 HPT patients was studied to assess if subjective fitness could be associated with detectable muscular dysfunction at objective measurements comparing muscle strength before and after surgery. Significant increase in isokinetic strength of knee extension and knee flexion at higher angular velocities was found three months after surgery, suggesting effect predominantly on type II (fast twitch) muscle fibres. The results of the study support the clinical impression that HPT surgery may be beneficial to patients with muscular symptoms. PMID- 6516673 TI - Evaluation of preoperative diagnosis and surgical management of thyroid tumors. AB - The difficulty of obtaining an accurate diagnosis in nodules of the thyroid gland without operation and histologic examination is well documented. Surgical intervention has therefore been recommended, though opinions differ concerning the indications for surgery. Experience from 276 patients operated on for thyroid gland nodules is reported in the present paper. The decision to operate was based on a standard schedule with relatively wide indications for surgery. Complete hemithyroidectomy was performed in all surgically managed cases. The accuracy of preoperative diagnosis was evaluated against the histologic findings. Experience of hemithyroidectomy as the standard procedure is also reviewed. The incidence of malignancy with this active policy was 9% in the series as a whole and 12% in solitary adenoma of the thyroid. Total thyroidectomy was routinely performed when malignancy was demonstrated; 24% of the malignancies were bilateral. Although fine-needle biopsy and clinical evaluation were entrusted only to experienced investigators, the results confirmed earlier reports that no hitherto available diagnostic procedure can adequately distinguish malignant from benign thyroid lesions without surgery. The value of scintigraphic thyroid scan in the preoperative assessment seemed to be insufficient to warrant its use. No persistent complications arose from hemithyroidectomy. Complete hemithyroidectomy is always the operation of choice in such cases since, should be histologic examination show malignancy, the requisite additional surgery will not involve a thyroid lobe with previous surgical interference. PMID- 6516675 TI - Graded pressure stockings in prevention of deep vein thrombosis following total hip replacement. AB - The occurrence and distribution of deep vein thrombosis after elective hip surgery were studied in 22 consecutive patients wearing graded pressure stockings as thromboprophylaxis. The frequency of thrombosis, as evidenced by leg-scan and phlebography, was 59%. Thirty-six per cent of the patients developed femoro popliteal thrombosis. Thrombosis was unilateral and located in the operated limb, except for one patient who had concurrent leg-vein thrombosis in the non-operated limb. Two patients developed symptomatic lung embolism. Antithrombin III was determined pre- and postoperatively. There was no evidence of antithrombin III consumption due to postoperative thrombosis. PMID- 6516676 TI - The significance of gastric pouch size and emptying time for results of gastric surgery for massive obesity. AB - The volume of the upper gastric pouch, the function of the draining channel and the pouch emptying time were examined with standardized technique in 15 patients during and after gastric surgery for massive obesity. Postoperatively the upper pouch was found to increase in volume up to fourfold compared to the value obtained at operation. The patients with the best clinical results showed the greatest increase in pouch size, indicating a tendency to outlet stenosis. This change was evident also from longer pouch draining time in these patients. A method for securing permanently slow drainage of the upper pouch seems to be a major problem in gastric surgery for obesity. PMID- 6516677 TI - Perforation of the gallbladder. A retrospective comparative study of cases from 1946-1956 and 1969-1980. AB - The records of patients treated for perforation of the gallbladder in 1946-1956 or 1969-1980 (n = 41 and 70) were reviewed to elucidate if changed strategy in acute cholecystitis, i.e. delayed vs. early surgery, had had any effect on the prognosis. The overall mortality declined significantly between the two periods, from 20 to 7%. The mortality was lowest (6%) after cholecystectomy, as compared with cholecystostomy (29%) and conservative treatment (67%). The frequency of chronic biliary fistula, calculated on all gallbladder perforations, decreased significantly (46 vs. 27%), but the frequency of acute free perforation was similar in both periods (27 and 34%). Treatment policy in acute cholecystitis is discussed. The study indicated that early surgery (Cholecystectomy with peroperative cholangiography and, if required, choledochotomy) is the treatment of choice, giving the best results also in patients with perforation of the gallbladder. PMID- 6516678 TI - Routine operative needle cholangiography in cholecystectomy for gallstones. A prospective study of 486 patients. AB - Operative needle cholangiography (CG) and its routine use in cholecystectomy for gallstones were prospectively studied in a series of 486 patients. The failure rate of needle CG was 0.6%, and in 6.6% of the series adequate CG films were obtained first after repeated examination. There were no postoperative complications attributable to the CG technique. The sensitivity of the method to reveal common duct stones was 100% as judged from 5 to 7 years of follow-up, while the sensitivity of the classic signs suggesting common duct obstruction was 89% when calculated on combined signs. The respective specificities in regard to choledocholithiasis were 91 and 67%. Among 203 patients with clinically suspected common duct stones, CG yielded normal findings in 110 and was false positive in 11 (54 and 5.4%). Among the 283 patients without clinical suspicion of common duct stones, 9 proved to have such stones and in 14 the CG was false-positive (3.2 and 4.9%). The greater than 3% incidence of choledocholithiasis which was clinically unsuspected (11% of all cases of common duct stone), and the circumstance that choledochotomy could be avoided in about half of the patients with clinically suspected stone, advocate routine performance of CG. We believe the needle technique to be the CG procedure of choice in most cases. The possibility of reducing the incidence of false-positive findings is discussed. PMID- 6516679 TI - Reduced intestinal permeability to low-molecular-weight polyethyleneglycols (PEG 400) in patients with jejunoileal bypass. AB - The intestinal permeation and 6-hour urinary recovery of small, multisized tracers, polyethyleneglycol 400 (PEG 400), was used to characterize gut permeability in nine patients after bypass surgery for morbid obesity and in ten healthy volunteers. In the patients, who also had hyperoxaluria, the urinary recovery of ingested PEG 400 was lower than in the healthy persons (10.9 and 24.7%). The patients also showed stronger intestinal exclusion of the larger polymers within the PEG 400. PMID- 6516680 TI - The topography of ileoanal reservoirs in relation to evacuation patterns and clinical functions. AB - The clinical outcome following ileoanal pouch operations vary greatly. To understand the underlying mechanism 15 S-shaped reservoirs and one J-shaped were studied by defecography (evacuation pouchography). Efficient evacuation was noticed when the reservoir was placed deep in the pelvis with the outlet of the pouch on a level with the 5th sacral vertebra or coccyx, and when the efferent limb was short (less than or equal to 7 cm) and straight. When the pouch was placed higher up in the pelvis and when the efferent limb was long and angulated, evacuation was impaired. Patients with efficient evacuation all had excellent clinical functions with few (less than or equal to bowel movements in 24 hours and no leakage, but when the evacuation was impaired there was a tendency towards more frequent stooling and leakage. PMID- 6516681 TI - Bilateral torsion of the testes in the newborn. Case report. AB - Bilateral torsion of the testis in the neonate is a rare event and its pathogenesis is still unknown. Because of the seriousness of the outcome it represents a condition that requires prompt recognition. A case of bilateral torsion of the spermatic cord in the newborn with subsequent bilateral orchidectomy is presented. PMID- 6516682 TI - Iatrogenic aortocaval fistula secondary to intervertebral disc surgery. A case report. AB - A case of iatrogenic aortocaval fistula is presented. The fistula arose in association with lumbar disc surgery. Its presence was immediately suspected and was promptly confirmed by aortography. Sudden deterioration of the patient's condition necessitated surgical correction of the fistula before the elected date. The successful corrective operation is described and some preventive recommendations are made. PMID- 6516683 TI - Foreign bodies in the mediastinum perforating the oesophagus. AB - A patient attempting suicide put four unsterile objects into a stab wound in his neck. These objects remained in the tissues unnoticed for about three months before they were removed from the upper mediastinum by operation. Owing to penicillin treatment, no diffuse mediastinitis developed but the oesophagus was perforated by the objects. In spite of severe damage to the gullet by the perforation and by operative incision, the oesophagus could be repaired without development of stenosis. The method of preventing stenosis is presented. PMID- 6516685 TI - The use of DRO to reduce stereotypic head weaving in a profoundly retarded adult. PMID- 6516684 TI - [Biochemical studies on muscarinic cholinergic receptors of the rat brain: specific labeling of this protein using the photoaffinity method]. PMID- 6516686 TI - The use of time-out, peer retraining and differential reinforcement of other behaviours (DRO) to reduce disruptive behaviours in a profoundly retarded boy. PMID- 6516687 TI - Glass micropipettes suitable for injection of liquid into intact skeletal muscle fibers. Scanning electron microscopic study of some characteristics. PMID- 6516688 TI - Antiallergic activity of some indazole derivatives. PMID- 6516689 TI - [Chronic poisoning by low doses of lead: its effects on the cerebral cortex of rats]. PMID- 6516691 TI - How should we proceed when a melaena is discovered? PMID- 6516690 TI - [Ionic disorders associated with heparin therapy]. PMID- 6516692 TI - Increased whole body hematocrit: venous hematocrit ratio in diabetes mellitus, evidence of microcirculatory hemoconcentration. AB - Plasma volume and red cell volume were measured in 24 diabetic outpatients. From the blood volume measurements, the whole body hematocrit was derived, and the ratio between whole body hematocrit:venous hematocrit (WBH:VH ratio) was considered to represent an index of the difference in red cell distribution between small and large blood vessels. The WBH:VH ratio was increased in 9 out of 13 males and in 1 out of 11 females, being inversely correlated to the plasma volume (r = -0.51, p less than 0.001). Although the significance of these findings is far from clear, the occurrence of small vessel hemoconcentration in male patients with diabetes mellitus may be relevant to the pathophysiology of vascular complications of diabetes. PMID- 6516694 TI - The oxygen-release capacity of red blood cells in insulin-dependent diabetics after artificial pancreas. AB - Oxygen-release capacity of the red blood cells was investigated in non-acidotic insulin-dependent diabetics before and after the achievement of strict metabolic control with the aid of the artificial pancreas. P50std (oxygen tension at 50% oxygen saturation) values were low in basal condition and returned to normal after the 24-h treatment period. No significant changes were observed in the content of red cell 2,3-diphosphoglycerate nor in the acid-base balance. Only the labile form of glycosylated hemoglobin showed significant decreases after treatment. These results suggest that insulin-dependent diabetics may have a state of relative tissue hypoxia which can be easily overcome by the achievement of strict metabolic control. PMID- 6516693 TI - Diabetes as pro-infective risk factor in total hip replacement. AB - It is widely accepted that diabetic patients, above all poorly controlled ones, are more susceptible to infection. To verify whether diabetes might be considered a pro-infective risk factor in total hip replacement, 1,042 patients, who from 1969 to 1979 underwent an operation for arthropros thesis of the hip, were studied. The patients were subdivided into two groups according to whether they were diabetic or not. The diabetic patients, though well controlled by diet or by diet plus oral hypoglycemic agents, received insulin for at least two days before surgery. In the early post-operative phase they showed transient worsening of glycemic control rapidly corrected by increased insulin dosage. The patients of both groups were operated in low air exchange operating theaters, by the same staff and using standardized surgical techniques, and all received antibiotic coverage as preventive treatment against infections for a week after surgery. Infection and suppuration occurred in 11% of diabetic patients and only in 2% of non-diabetic patients (p less than 0.001); in these cases the prostheses were removed after unsuccessful antimicrobial treatment. Our study indicates that diabetes mellitus must be considered a proinfective risk factor in patients who undergo an operation for total hip replacement and suggests that a conservative approach is required in diabetic patients. PMID- 6516695 TI - Elevated serum calcitonin levels in patients with thyroid disorders. AB - Serum calcitonin was measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA) in 63 patients with hyperthyroidism, 37 with hypothyroidism, 9 with surgically proven medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) and 81 normal subjects. Provocative tests of calcitonin by calcium infusion were performed in 11 with hyperthyroidism, 10 with hypothyroidism, 6 with MTC and 14 normal subjects. Changes of calcitonin were also studied before and after treatment in 17 patients with hyperthyroidism and 12 with hypothyroidism. The basal calcitonin levels were increased in both hyperthyroidism (117 +/- 60.1 pg/ml (mean +/- SD): n = 63, P less than 0.001) and hypothyroidism (137 +/- 107 pg/ml, n = 37, P less than 0.001), and significantly increased in MTC 14 765 +/- 25 039 pg/ml, range 390 to 70 400 pg/ml, n = 9, P less than 0.001) compared with those in normal subjects (45.8 +/- 22.3 pg/ml, n = 81). Increases of calcitonin during calcium load (iv 4.5 mg calcium/kg for 10 min) were significantly lower in both hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism patients than in those in MTC. The calcitonin levels were not correlated with the serum T3, T4, TSH concentrations or titres of serum antithyroid antibodies in hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism. We found some tendency toward decreasing calcitonin levels with the euthyroid state after treatment in both groups, but the changes were not significant. Although exact mechanisms of increased calcitonin in hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism were not clear, our findings suggest that a 2- to 3-fold elevation of calcitonin levels in these patients did not indicate malignancy; MTC could be readily differentiated by a calcium infusion test. PMID- 6516696 TI - Changes in thyroxine monodeiodination in rat liver, kidney and placenta during pregnancy. AB - Monodeiodination of thyroxine (T4) was studied in the liver, kidney and placenta of pregnant rats. Age matched female non-pregnant and pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats on the 7th, 14th, 17th and 21st days of gestation were used. The 800 X g supernatants of tissue homogenates (protein 1 mg/tube) were incubated with 1 microgram of stable T4 in the presence of 5 mM dithiothreitol (DTT) at 37 degrees C for 60 min at pH 7.5. Net triiodothyronine (T3) generation from T4 in rat liver homogenates on the 7th day of gestation was significantly lower than that in the non-pregnant rat. Thereafter it increased, but values on the 14th, 17th and 21st days of gestation were not significantly different from those obtained in the non pregnant rat. Net renal T3 generation from T4 on the 14th day was significantly lower than that in the non-pregnant rat. It was increased thereafter and the values at the 17th and 21st days of gestation were not significantly different from those in the non-pregnant rat. Net reverse T3 (rT3) generation from T4 in the placenta rose from the 14th to the 17th day and then dropped by the 21st day and the value at the 17th day was significantly higher than those at the 14th and 21st days of gestation. These results indicate that 1) both T4 outer-ring monodeiodination in the pregnant rat liver and kidney, and T4 inner-ring monodeiodination in the placenta show significant variation with the progress of gestation; 2) the time course of the T4 outer-ring monodeiodination in pregnant rat liver and kidney is completely different from T4 inner-ring monodeiodination in the placenta. PMID- 6516697 TI - A neonatal mass-screening for congenital adrenal hyperplasia in Japan. AB - A pilot neonatal mass-screening for congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency (21-OHD) was performed in the western region of Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan, using a simplified radioimmunoassay method for 'Disc 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP) determination. The results obtained during a 30 month period indicated that 3 infants out of the 34314 neonates examined were proved to have 21-OHD, and the incidence of homozygotes and heterozygotes were estimated to be 1:11438 and 1:54, respectively. At the time of recall, the concentrations of plasma 17-OHP and 21-deoxycortisol and their urine metabolites as well as plasma sodium levels were quite applicable to diagnosis, while the clinical signs that may be manifest in 21-OHD were of little value in this connection. Prematurity and perinatal complications of neonates tended to give false-positive results, being secondary to the function of the residual foetal adrenal cortex and non-specific stimulatory effects of various stresses. Despite several technical and practical problems to be solved, the present study demonstrated the importance and validity of a neonatal mass-screening program for CAH. PMID- 6516698 TI - Effects of pregnant mare's serum gonadotrophin administered in vivo on steroid accumulation by isolated rabbit ovarian follicles. AB - Various doses (5, 50 and 100 IU) of pregnant mare's serum gonadotrophin (PMS) were administered to sexually mature female rabbits and steroids measured in follicular fluid, ovarian pieces and in incubation media of isolated follicles treated with ovine luteinizing hormone (LH). Follicular fluid progesterone, oestradiol and androgen were increased after PMS injection. Ovarian progesterone content was increased by all doses of PMS, and androgen and oestradiol content only by 50 and 100 IU PMS. Medium sized follicles from rabbits treated with 50 and 100 IU PMS accumulated more progesterone than all follicles from rabbits treated with saline or 5 IU PMS. Androgen accumulation by small follicles from 50 and 100 IU dose rabbits was higher than that by follicles from other treatment groups. Oestradiol accumulation mimicked androgen accumulation. The addition of LH to the medium stimulated the accumulation of progesterone and androgen by all follicles. LH caused an increase in oestradiol accumulation by medium follicles from saline and low dose PMS treated animals. No effect of LH on oestrogen accumulation was seen with large or medium follicles from animals treated with 100 IU PMS or 50 IU PMS for 2 or 3 days. These results suggest that priming of small follicles with PMS can increase their ability to produce androgen which is probably aromatized to oestrogen. PMID- 6516699 TI - 5 alpha-reductase deficiency: diagnosis via abnormal plasma levels of reduced testosterone derivatives. AB - A case of 5 alpha-reductase deficiency is described who presented clinically as primary amenorrhoea. Plasma levels of the two isomers resulting from the 5 alpha reduction of testosterone provide a simple method for diagnosing this condition. An intermediate abnormality was found in other family members consistent with the heterozygous state. PMID- 6516701 TI - [Studies on platelet function in congenital afibrinogenemia--platelet aggregation and ATP release]. PMID- 6516700 TI - [Relationship between in vitro inhibition of hemopoietic progenitor cell growth and the effect of immunosuppressive treatment in children with aplastic anemia and related disorders]. PMID- 6516702 TI - [Analysis of F.IX-inhibitor bypassing activity contained in a commercial prothrombin complex concentrate (Proplex)]. PMID- 6516703 TI - The effects of pyruvate on glycolysis in stored human red cells. PMID- 6516704 TI - Separation of human red cells by ultracentrifugation in a discontinuous density gradient and relationship between cell age and lipid peroxidation. PMID- 6516705 TI - Erythroid progenitors in human fetal liver. PMID- 6516706 TI - Erythroid precursor cells in patients with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria. PMID- 6516707 TI - Bone marrow fibroblast colony-forming cells (CFU-F) in patients with aplastic anemia. PMID- 6516708 TI - [Effect of hematin injection on delta-aminolevulinic acid synthetase activity in the rat liver]. PMID- 6516709 TI - [Rehabilitation exercises as a method of preventing polyneuropathies after vincristine treatment]. PMID- 6516710 TI - [Storage of platelet concentrates at -80 degrees C. Studies in vitro]. PMID- 6516711 TI - [Degradation of proteins of blood platelet homogenates of swine by cathepsin D]. PMID- 6516713 TI - [Anti-heparin activity of Guerin's epithelioma]. PMID- 6516712 TI - [Degradation of protamine and protamine-heparin complexes by proteolytic enzymes of blood serum and serum euglobulin fractions]. PMID- 6516714 TI - [Creatine concentration in the erythrocytes of patients with hemolytic anemia]. PMID- 6516716 TI - [Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome--another blood-transmitted disease?]. PMID- 6516715 TI - [A case of tracheoesophageal fistula in Hodgkin's disease]. PMID- 6516717 TI - [Aplastic anemia--its severe form]. PMID- 6516718 TI - [Cytotoxic activity of lymphocytes in children with infectious mononucleosis]. PMID- 6516719 TI - Winter survival and spring breeding by the fall tick, Ixodes dammini, in Massachusetts (Acarina : Ixodidae). PMID- 6516720 TI - Studies on ticks of veterinary importance in Nigeria. XVI. The oviposition pattern of engorged Boophilus and Hyalomma species when subjected in the laboratory to artificially created factors. PMID- 6516721 TI - Proceedings: 4th international congress, Belgian Society of Anesthesia and Resuscitation. 7-10 September 1983, Louvain-en-Woluwe, Brussels. PMID- 6516723 TI - Teaching cardiopulmonary resuscitation in Great Britain. PMID- 6516722 TI - Teaching cardiopulmonary resuscitation basic life support to school-children. PMID- 6516724 TI - Teaching cardiopulmonary resuscitation in the Federal Republic of Germany. PMID- 6516725 TI - A multicenter registration project of cardiopulmonary resuscitation in Belgium. The Studygroup "Cerebral Resuscitation" of the Belgian Society of Intensive Care Medecine (SIZ). AB - Within the SIZ, a national multiinstitutional clinical research group on cardiopulmonary and cerebral resuscitation (CPCR) has been formed in 1982. The objectives of the studygroup are: Study and improve CPR and cerebral resuscitation post CPR; Optimalise emergency medical services (EMS) in Belgium in this respect. A method to record relevant information on CA was developed and 551 patients were registered on the draft form in 1982. This report outlines the parameters which differ significantly between CPR failures (group I) and initially successful CPR (group II and III); between only initially successful CPR (group II) and longterm survival (group III); and between the different centers in these 551 patients. As the number of patients increases in 1983, this "data bank" information will be valuable both for prognostic prediction of outcome in individual patients post CPR and for guiding improvement in EMS organisation. The study method should allow subsequently the evaluation of future brainresuscitative therapies. PMID- 6516726 TI - Emergency medical care in France. AB - Emergency Medical Aid (AMU) has existed on an organized basis in France for ten years. Considering that every call for medical assistance requires an answer the SAMU (Emergency Medical Aid Service) acts as a switchboard. Its implantation in a hospital and its powerful centralized telecommunications make it possible to adapt responses to the type of case: serious ones require sophisticated equipment, whereas non-serious ones come under a General Practitioner. Treatment is free. Minor cases are taken care of by "omnipractitioners" who can be contacted by the SAMU via portable radio transceivers. Serious cases are dealt with by the Mobile Emergency and Intensive Care Service (SMUR); they either drive or fly to the spot within an average time-limit of ten minutes. The SMUR teams are composed of a physician, a nurse, often a student and a driver or a pilot. The physician makes the diagnosis, radios a description of the case and gives first-aid treatment. The minimal SMUR equipment fits into two cases. The SAMU also have other missions such as: teaching, prevention, disasters. The French system is aimed at reducing inequality in emergency situations and guaranteeing the whole population permanent medical care. Its cost to the public, however, is only +1 per inhabitant per year. PMID- 6516727 TI - Neonatal distress. Interest of early medical care and medicalized transport. AB - From January 1979 to December 1981, amongst the 1200 interventions concerning neonatalogy, SAMU'94 pediatric unit was called out 1070 times for newborns less than 8 days old (i.e. 36% of the pediatric unit entire activity). These were being transferred: either from their birth place to a neonatology department, or to an intensive care unit; either from a neonatalogy department to a medical or surgical intensive care unit (the first transport having not been medicalized then). Have not been included in our study: newborns transferred from one intensive care unit to another, or just after an operation, or for special investigations (catheterization, ultrasound scanning, computerized tomography. . .). Concerning those 1070 newborns, two facts were noticed: Firstly, their initial clinical state was unstable. Secondly, diagnoses were very often made by clinical examination alone: in 3% of the cases, the situation was desperate with decease despite intensive resuscitation; 6.4% belonged to preoperative surgical pathology; 8.6% were born at home; 60% required hospitalization in a medical intensive care unit; and 30% only needed simple attendance in a pediatric department. Thus, before their admission to the adequate hospital 70% of the transfered newborns required and benefited from the pediatric mobile team's adjusted medical care. PMID- 6516729 TI - Internal rewarming in hypothermia using a specially constructed gastro oesophageal tube. A non-invasive method. PMID- 6516728 TI - Preoperative hemodynamic assessment in geriatric patients for elective surgery. AB - The aging process results in a significant attenuation of the reserve in organ function in normal man. For example, it is well established that cardiac output decreases with aging. Also the heart has decreased capacities to compensate for stress situations such as anesthesia and important surgery. In our study, we have evaluated the hemodynamic response after a blood volume expansion and dopamine administration in eighteen patients over 60 years of age. It should be of value in the assessment of cardiac performance in elderly patients, especially those with ASA physical classification III and before an anesthesia and surgery. Fluid administration resulted in an improvement of cardiac performance in fourteen patients (78%). Four patients (22%) had an increase of pulmonary capillary wedge pressure greater than 12 mmHg without amelioration of cardiac performance. Dopamine increased significantly cardiac index but only at a dose of 6 micrograms/kg/min and by increase of heart rate. PMID- 6516731 TI - Recent advances and controversies in cardiopulmonary cerebral resuscitation. PMID- 6516730 TI - Recent advances of controlled hypotension in aneurysm surgery. PMID- 6516732 TI - Histologic changes in the hypoxic brain. AB - Two animal models were used for the morphologic study of hypoxic or ischemic cerebral injury. In the first model ("Levine preparation") rats were subjected to a unilateral carotid artery ligation, followed by intermittent exposure to pure nitrogen. Damage, which was examined 24 h after this bypoxic insult, was largely restricted to the ipsilateral cerebral cortex. In the second model ("Pulsinelli preparation") severe bilateral transient ischemia was induced by permanent occlusion of both vertebral arteries, followed by temporary ligation of both carotid arteries. Damage was examined after short recirculation times and after a 3-day survival period. Injury was largely confined to the CA1 layer of the hippocampus. In both experimental models two types of cell change were prominent: coagulative cell change which was restricted to neurons, and edematous cell change which was largely confined to astrocytes. Studies on cerebral microcirculation revealed a close relationship between areas of reduced flow and areas with structural damage. Cytochemical demonstration of subcellular calcium indicated an early and important redistribution of this cation, indicative for toxic calcium overload in the cytosol. Data on therapeutic intervention with Ca2+ overload blocker flunarizine are included. PMID- 6516734 TI - Prognostic value of enzyme determinations in cerebrospinal fluid after circulatory arrest. PMID- 6516733 TI - Brain protection in the immediate post-resuscitation phase. AB - There is a type of cerebral lesion, which kills neuronal cells at a later stage (greater than 48 hrs) post CA, while the systemic circulation is functioning normally. Although this lesion is probably dependent on multiple factors (--- multiple therapies), a keyfactor in the pathogenesis is the loss of autoregulation and "finetuning" of the cerebral bloodflow according to local tissue metabolic needs. Although beneficial effect of almost none of the following therapies has been documented in randomised clinical studies, the following suggestions are made: a) In the CA-CPR phase: efficient respiratory care and external cardiac compressions (ECC), especially during bicarbonate administration; consider open chest CPR early, especially in cases of long arrest time and ineffective ECC. The socalled new CPR does not improve neurological outcome. b) In the post CPR phase: The non-autoregulated brain (cfr. focal ischemia) is kept preferentially at pCO2 values 25-30 mmHg, pO2 values greater than 100 mmHg, and normotension. Some form of stress, seizure and hyperthermia control prevents further imbalance metabolism/bloodflow. Relative dehydration, oncotic balance, steroids, early control of sepsis and uremia, early CT scan and measurement/control of ICP. All the above is currently grouped under "standard neuro-intensive therapy". Some other therapies, presently suggested by animal research are not very obvious, need first randomised clinical studies and are not suggested at this stage for clinical use: barbiturate coma, diphantoine, streptokinase, multifaceted therapy including hemodilution-brainflushing, Ca++ influx blocking drugs (lidoflazine). One such "innovative" therapy, barbiturate coma, has already been proven to be relatively ineffective (BRCT I) (Acta anaesth. belg., 1984, 25, suppl., 219-226). PMID- 6516735 TI - Naloxone and pentazocine given after morphine. AB - Morphine 0.3 mg kg-1 was i.m. given to 25 patients after upper abdominal operations, for analgesia purpose. One hour later, naloxone 0.01 mg was injected i.v. for every 1 mg morphine given. Ten minutes later, pentazocine 0.5 mg kg-1 was also injected i.v. in order to appreciate how it could counteract the reduction in analgesia level caused by naloxone. Complete analgesia could be found in all patients after the mentioned dose of morphine. The minute ventilation and respiratory frequency were reduced from 7.74 +/- 0.66 to 6.88 +/- 0.77 l (decrease not significant J and from 22.76 +/- 0.98 to 17.44 +/- 0.88 (p less than 0.001). Naloxone partially restored their values, to 7.70 +/- 0.55 l and 18.96 +/- 0.88, but 17 patients out of 25 immediately complained of wound pain. Pentazocine improved analgesia again, in all patients, but also depressed the minute-ventilation to 6.43 +/- 0.48 l, without evident changes in respiratory frequency. If the respiratory changes after morphine and naloxone-pentazocine are compared, it is to emphasize that the distribution of the values was much less after the drug combination, 0.56 in comparison with 1.44, P (Fischer Snedecor test) less than 0.001, showing a more homogeneous improving of the minute ventilation. In conclusion, if pentazocine is added to naloxone, while a respiratory depression caused by morphine has to be reversed, the analgesia level is maintained and the respiration is insignificantly reduced. PMID- 6516736 TI - Intraoperative autotransfusion. AB - The components of an autotransfusion system are supposed to play a major role in the induction of observed blood cell alterations. An animal experimentation was undertaken with a one variable analysis of the influence of each component. The estimated blood volume of dogs was recirculated about 24 times. The effects on the blood of short repeated peritoneal contacts, of the interposition of a polyfilter, of air aspiration, in variable quantities together with blood, and of preventing air aspiration were evaluated. Short peritoneum blood contact did not cause hematological damage and did not induce important hemolysis. Polyfilters did not markedly affect erythrocytes and platelets. Aspiration of air was found to be the most damaging factor for red cells and platelets. Its prevention by an electronical system provided an optimal preservation of red cells and platelets. PMID- 6516737 TI - Thoracic epidural analgesia in the treatment of rib fractures. AB - Rib fractures and flail chest could be fatal if gas exchange is impaired. Efficient pain relief with continuous thoracic epidural analgesia allows a good physiotherapy management without central sedation and impairment of cough reflex, this prevents pulmonary atelectasis and infection. Eighteen patients/19 were treated with success in spite of flail chest, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and minor pulmonary contusion. Intermittent positive pressure ventilation must be reserved to severe pulmonary contusion and other crushing injuries of the chest as bronchial or great vessels ruptures. PMID- 6516738 TI - Implantable injection port for epidural opiates self-administration. AB - We organize the self administration of opiates by the epidural route on an out patients basis to relieve cancer pain. After the insertion of a percutaneous epidural catheter, we inject 3 mg of morphine sulfate and observe the patient for a duration of 24 hours in the intensive care unit. Then, an implantable, subcutaneous device is placed, connected to the epidural space by a silastic catheter placed through a 14 G Tuohy needle. After a careful training programme given at the hospital, the patient is allowed to go home. His progress is followed in the oncologic consultation unit every 15 days. The results are analysed in view of the rare side effects and of the good pain relief. The implantable port seems to be a valuable method to relieve cancer pain, but needs a rigourous technique and training. PMID- 6516739 TI - Trends in computers in anesthesiology. PMID- 6516740 TI - Anesthesia computing applications at Mayo Clinic. AB - Institutional computer applications benefit from having a single identifiable group assigned overall responsibility. This results in a more unified, efficient approach to automation. This approach will facilitate compliance with developing medicolegal standards. It will produce the most usable system for the institution's money. The inherent increased efficiency and accuracy of billing procedures resulting from automation will help offset costs of these systems. Of the many computer applications at Mayo Clinic having impact on anesthesiology, three are outlined: Computerized Surgical Schedule; Computerized Anesthetic Data Acquisition System; and Respiratory Care Management System. PMID- 6516741 TI - Needs for computing facilities in anesthesiology. AB - The use of computers in the practice of anesthesiology appears to be very promising--therefore the time has come to reflect on ways to utilize the possibilities of computers in this field. The anesthesiologist is faced with an existing "medical information science" and system developments and must now address these questions: How do computers fit in these systems? What is the kind of support and help one can expect from the use of computers? Next one attempts to define the needs for computer support, taking into account the specific working conditions of various anesthesia teams. A description is made of how a system for medical information is automatized--and by way of an example--how such a computer system for anesthesiologists is linked to a larger regional facility. Advantages and disadvantages of such a system are discussed. PMID- 6516742 TI - Weaning with inspiratory flow assistance (IFA). A clinical progress? PMID- 6516743 TI - Digital ventilation. PMID- 6516744 TI - Serious suicides. Short and long-term results. One hundred and fifty six cases with a follow-up period of 1 to 7 years. AB - By serious suicides we mean all suicide attempts in which the wish to die was clearly expressed by the patient. Hospitalization in intensive care is indispensable (lasting 3 days on average, 1 to 34 days in extreme cases). From January 1977 to December 1982, 156 patients, aged 10 to 55, were admitted on the basis of this criterion (i.g. 6 1/2% of all our patients), 60% of them men. The mode of suicide was often violent: voluntary fall: (44 or 28%) 15 dead; hanging: (11 or 7%) 3 dead; fire arms: (48 or 30%) 23 dead; knife wounds: (13 or 7%) 2 dead; drug and/or chemical poisoning: (33 or 23%) 6 dead; others: (7 or 5%) 4 dead. In 34% of the cases (54 cases), death was immediate. For longterm results the follow-up lasts from 6 months to 6 years. Only 12 patients (7 1/2%) had attempted to kill themselves prior to their admission in our service. Out of the 103 patients still alive, 30 (29%) were contacted on the phone, and agreed to answer the questionnaire, whatever their mode of suicide, sex or age. The survey focused on their medico-surgical problems, their socio-professional activities, both previous and subsequent to hospitalization. Whatever the diagnosis at the moment of hospitalization, no disabling after-effects were noticed among the subjects. Only 3 of our patients (2,8%) have made a second attempt, 2 of which have been fatal. The results of this survey show the beneficial action of emergency medical aid and intensive care in the treatment of suicides, which represent a unique event in the patient's life rather than a chronic psychiatric syndrome. In the long term these results preclude further attempts or advice to commit suicide. PMID- 6516745 TI - Hazards of high dose barbiturate therapy in head-injury patients. AB - Despite of controversial findings, High-Dose-Barbiturate Therapy is advocated by many authors for treatment of postischemic/anoxic encephalopathy and head trauma with elevated intracranial pressure. The adverse effects to thiopentone are analyzed in a retrospective study including 30 patients treated by high-dose thiopentone for raised intracranial pressure after severe head injury. The pathophysiology and occurrence of clinical complications in many systems of the organism are illustrated. The specific prevention measures and the extended monitoring of barbiturate-treated patients are described. Considering the high incidence of clinical complications the indication for HDBT has to be reevaluated. PMID- 6516746 TI - Fourrier analysis demonstrate EEG slowing after circulatory arrest at 20 degrees C. AB - The electroencephalographic (EEG) monitoring in infants and children submitted to cardiac surgery under circulatory arrest (CA) and deep hypothermia (20 degrees C) (DH) is usually performed by display or record without analysis. These data disclose the reappearance of EEG activity but give no qualitative analysis of EEG recovery after CA. The electrical activity of the brain was monitored in these conditions by spectral analysis (fast Fourrier transformation with on-line processing). Spectral analysis of the EEG signal recorded during open heart surgery in nine infants and children operated under DH with, in five cases, CA is presented and discussed. The Fourrier analysis demonstrate in all patients with long CA (more than 30 min.) a spectral abnormality, namely the absence of fast activity (8-24 Hz) at least for the remainder of the operation. This abnormality was not present in operations without CA and was only transient after CA of shorter duration. PMID- 6516747 TI - Volume limited ventilation for treatment of severe respiratory distress in neonates. AB - Ventilatory treatment of the very small infant with severe respiratory distress remains controversial. At several occasions pressure limited ventilators have shown not to provide adequate alveolar ventilation in these newborn babies. On the other hand, until now few data are found concerning the ventilation of newborns with volume limited ventilators. The authors report two cases with successful ventilation using a servo controlled volume limited machine and they stress the possibilities and advantages of such a type of ventilator in a neonatal intensive care unit. PMID- 6516748 TI - Full recovery after different anesthesia techniques for short diagnostic procedures. AB - When suitable, local anesthetic techniques are preferable for ambulatory short diagnostic procedures. If general anesthesia is used no or only very light premedication, induction with a short acting i.v. agent and the maintenance of anesthesia with nitrous oxide plus oxygen plus an inhalational agent or alternatively with short acting i.v. anesthetic and analgesic seems today to provide fastest recovery. Patients should always arrange for a responsible adult to accompany them home. Minimal requirements for safe discharge should in addition to stable vital signs and the ability to maintain oral fluids include that patients are able to dress themselves and able to walk out. These criteria, however, do not indicate that patients are fully recovered after anesthesia. In most cases patients are not fully recovered when discharged from hospital after even brief anesthesia and they should refrain from driving, operating machinery, and delay making important decisions for at least 24 hours after anesthesia. PMID- 6516749 TI - A specific antihistaminic premedication anti H1 anti H2 for pediatric anesthesia. AB - The danger of the anaphylactoid reactions which occur during pediatric general anesthesia leads the authors to use a specific antihistaminic premedication. The association of cimetidine and hydroxizine has been proved to be adequate to avoid systemic histamine adverse effects and to diminish gastric secretion in pediatric anesthesia. The authors recommend oral administration. PMID- 6516750 TI - Pediatric regional anesthesia. Its use in the pre-, per- and postoperative period. AB - Accidents in children can occur at any moment of the day. A child has rarely an empty stomach and it is very difficult to determine when he ate or drank for the last time. The stress of the accident can slow the digestion and even stop completely. Waiting for 6 hours will not reduce the risk of inhalation of gastric contents during general anesthesia. Pain and anxiety often present with anatomical deformation may be the cause of panic that should be promptly appeased. For these reasons, there has been an increase in interest in the use of nerve block techniques in children as has been the case in adults. We carry on Brachial Plexus Blocks and Epidural Blocks. PMID- 6516751 TI - Red blood cell survival and morphology during and after intraoperative autotransfusion. AB - In an animal experimental model the survival of untreated red blood cells (RBC) tagged with 51Cr was compared with cells processed by an autotransfusion device separating and washing the RBC tagged with 111In. Intraoperative autotransfusion (IAT) was done by the Haemonetics Cell Saver. Additionally the morphology of human RBC was investigated in different stages of IAT by the aid of scanner electron micrographs. The survival of RBC after processing was slightly decreased in comparison to untreated cells. The morphology of autologous RBC is little affected compared with older homologous RBC in erythrocytic concentrates. Cell detritus due to haemolysis is reliably eliminated by microfiltration. Especially regarding survival and morphologic alterations of RBC IAT with a system separating and washing the cells seems to be superior to the transfusion of homologous blood. PMID- 6516752 TI - Psychological support of the patient during the operative period. PMID- 6516753 TI - Differential effects of glucose and potassium lack in conduction block of myelinated and unmyelinated axons. AB - The effect of potassium on conduction in myelinated and unmyelinated axons lacking glucose was investigated in vitro. In the presence of ambient potassium neural excitability was lost after the same period of time in both myelinated and unmyelinated fibers. In the absence of potassium in the incubation solution however, the extinction times of the unmyelinated axons only (p less than 0.01), but not those of the myelinated ones were delayed. It is suggested that unmyelinated C fibers are more energy efficient than myelinated A axons. PMID- 6516754 TI - The haemodynamic effects of labetalol, ketanserin and a placebo at the end of a NLA. A double blind study. PMID- 6516755 TI - Frontal EMG and brain-activity during and after anesthesia. PMID- 6516756 TI - Two active teaching method workshops. PMID- 6516757 TI - Contribution to the study of unconscious psychic mechanism in the anesthesiologist. PMID- 6516758 TI - Recent developments in the clinical use of blood derivatives. AB - New trends of the clinical use of blood derivatives are mainly: The extensive use of concentrated RBC (Haematocrit 72 +/- 2%) prepared from blood collected in CPD adenin bags and stored at 4 degrees C up to 35 days. The selective use of packed RBC resuspended in SAG-mannitol solutions, providing long conservation of plasma free RBC. The increasing use of platelets transferred into gas permeable plastic bags, allowing a 22 degrees C storage of at least 5 days, with an excellent viability. The coming back of fresh frozen plasma (FEP) and cryoprecipitates which reduce the potential risk of AIDS, bound to the use of large pools of plasma. In connection with this, a brief updating of the AIDS spread and etiology is presented and discussed. PMID- 6516759 TI - Tumor cells carried through autotransfusion. Are these cells still malignant? AB - A suspension of 3 X 10(7) cells of longterm carcinoma cell lines--HLaC 78 and 79 from human laryngeal carcinoma, CaKi 1 derived from renal cell carcinoma and PC 3 from prostatic carcinoma,--was pumped with maximum pressure up to 5 times through the filters of the Bentley autotransfusion device. Following filter passage after centrifugation the untrapped cells were recovered, counted and brought in culture under appropriate conditions. As soon as monolayers were obtained 3 X 10(6) cells were transferred subcutaneously into athymic mice. The time intervals of growth in culture and of developing tumor nodules in nude mice were measured. The histological pattern of the daughter tumors in nude mice was compared with the genuine tumor. After the first filter passage 12.3% respectively 18.2% untrapped cells were found. This number dropped to 3% after the 5th passage. After the 5th passage in only 3 out of 5 experiments there were enough cells to start a culture. After the first passage cell proliferation in the culture as well as yielding tumor nodules in nude mice was markedly reduced. HLaC78 died. After the 5th passage cell growth in the culture as well as tumor growth in nude mice was reduced the more while using HLaC79. Taking CaKi 1 and PC 3 both parameters showed identical growth behaviour as compared with the original not-filter passaged cells. The histological findings were identical with the pattern of the genuine tumors. PMID- 6516760 TI - Emulsions of perfluorochemicals as blood substitutes. PMID- 6516761 TI - Fluorocarbons and the microcirculation. AB - A short discussion of oxygen transport and delivery by fluorocarbon containing blood substitutes is presented. Those physical properties of the preparations that would tend to cause improvement in oxygenation in areas of damaged or impeded microcirculation are also discussed. A number of studies carried out at the Erasmus University, Rotterdam have demonstrated certain important characteristics of fluorocarbons with respect to tissue oxygenation. In the first instance, it has been demonstrated that extracorporal perfusion with Fluosol-DA 20% can maintain oxygenation and viability of isolated extremities for periods of up to 48 hours. Secondly it has been shown that the preparation can indeed penetrate compromised capillary beds, its low viscosity enabling it to travel along collateral perfusion pathways and to provide oxygenation of areas of ischaemic hypoxia. The low particle of the emulsion may, in combination with the low viscosity of the product, contribute to the re-establishment of perfusion in areas of circulatory arrest. The clinical implications of the above findings are numerous and wide spread. The importance of Fluosol in maintaining and improving micro-circulatory oxygenation should not be underestimated. PMID- 6516762 TI - Oxygen-carrying substitutes other than fluorochemicals. AB - Beside the fluorochemicals, the research for oxygen carrying blood substitutes is pursued in two directions: hemoglobin derivatives and oxygen-binding chelates. Trials with hemoglobin had to overcome the following difficulties: renal toxicity, leakage outside the intravascular compartment, high affinity for oxygen and intravascular clotting effects. For several of these untoward effects, a satisfactory correction has been found. Other substances studied for possible oxygen-carrying fluids are various metal chelates. Several of these appear to be promising compounds, whereas no chelate is yet ready for in vivo investigation. PMID- 6516763 TI - Immunological mechanisms of reactions to macromolecular solutions. AB - Hypersensitivity reactions to intravenous macromolecular solutions are an exacerbation of the organism defence mechanisms with production of exaggerated and deleterious effects. The immediate adverse reactions to drugs (anaphylaxis) have clinical manifestations-due to histamine release principally: cutaneous (rash, urticaria, edema); pulmonary (bronchospasm), and cardiovascular (hypotension, collapse, cardiac arrest); their intensity may be graded in degrees I to V. These reactions may be either truly anaphylactic (immunological): hypersensitivity type I with reaginic antibodies (IgE), requiring previous exposure to the drug (true allergy); other immune responses with antigen-antibody (IgG or IgM) complexes activating classical complement pathway; or anaphylactoid; indirect histamine release by direct activation of C3 (alternate complement pathway) direct histamine release by pharmacological effect; dose related effects. The incidence of reactions to plasma substitutes vary greatly according to authors. In most cases, gelatin derivatives act by direct action on mast cells (histamine release) and indeed prevention of reaction with antihistamines is effective; antibody related reactions occasionally occur (immune complexes). With dextrans, soluble immune complexes aggregates have been described; dextrans may react to specific antibodies (possibly previously produced by bacterial polysaccharides); complement activation occur only in severe reactions. HES is comparable to dextran, antibodies have been described. Other factors may predispose to anaphylactoid reactions such as genetic factors (atopy, primary complement anomalies) underlying immune processes and stress. All macromolecular solutions carry the risk of anaphylactoid side-reactions, the mechanisms of which are not completely clarified. PMID- 6516764 TI - How reliable is the diagnosis by the ambulance nurse in case of accidental injuries? PMID- 6516765 TI - A television centered public campaign for the propagation of the general training in basic cardiopulmonary resuscitation. PMID- 6516766 TI - [Early changes in the dog prostate after castration. An ultrastructural study]. AB - Using electron microscopic techniques the prostate glands of male Beagle dogs were studied 3 days after castration. At this time marked differences in the extent of alterations of the glandular epithelium were observed: Whereas several acini showed only minor changes with reduction of epithelial height and diminution of secretory granules, many acini were severely affected with pronounced alteration of cellular structure and accumulation of large lipid droplets. A constant feature was the stimulation of the basal cells of the grandular epithelium. Additionally, in some areas of the gland aggregations of stimulated basal cells forming an acinus-like structure with a slit-like lumen were found. Our study shows that castration leads to marked alterations of prostatic epithelium within a short time. Androgen deprivation causes regressive changes of secretory epithelial cells, but clearly stimulates the basal cell population. PMID- 6516767 TI - Arterial component of the angioarchitecture of the canine ovary. AB - In order to study and possibly identify a vascular pattern in the canine ovary, 30 ovarian specimens received arterial injections of a mixture of 'Micropaque' with hydrosoluble red pigment, followed by clearing. The aorta or the femoral artery was catheterized and the injection was performed under a constant pressure of 120 mm Hg. The blood supply of the ovary is provided by the ovarian and the uterine artery. The former appears to be the most important of the two arteries since it is the largest and is the origin of a very rich vascular net in the ovarian stroma. It follows a helicine course within the broad ligament and enters into the ovarian stroma either by a single trunk or by two divergent branches, each supplying the anterior and the posterior half. When there is only a single trunk, one can see a vascular tuft totally occupying the stroma, with tortuosities running in the same direction as the longitudinal axis of the ovary. When there are two branches, the distribution is similar but with two tufts instead of one. From the ovarian artery several branches arise, the largest and most frequent being the lateral tubal artery and a branch which anastomoses with the uterine artery in the mesovarium. Other branches anastomose with one another or with branches of the uterine artery, forming a rich vascular net along the mesovarium. The uterine artery is situated within the broad ligament and runs along the lateral border of the uterus and up to the superior extremity of the uterus where it ends.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6516768 TI - The muscle layer of the canine gallbladder and cystic duct. AB - The muscle layer of the canine gallbladder wall and cystic duct was found to be a three-dimensional meshwork of smooth muscle bundles which appear loosely and irregularly arranged on the mucosal aspect and consolidate to form a homogeneous plate-like layer on the serosal aspect. The muscle bundles are tightly woven around interspersed pockets of loose connective tissue in the gallbladder wall and gradually become loosely arranged with more prominent amounts of intervening connective tissue in the cystic duct. The muscle layer is thickest in the gallbladder wall and becomes progressively thinner out into the cystic duct. No anatomic sphincter was observed. Ultrastructural organization revealed individual muscle fibers to be of irregular profile, often branching, widely spaced with intervening collagen fibers, and having few cell-to-cell contacts. PMID- 6516769 TI - Contacts between Wolffian and Mullerian cells at the tip of the outgrowing Mullerian duct in rat embryos. AB - The developing Mullerian duct was studied at the light microscopic as well as the electron microscopic level in rat embryos, especially in the section of the terminal bud and its tip, where Wolffian and Mullerian duct are enclosed by a common basal membrane. In this zone desmosomes can be found among Wolffian cells and also among Mullerian cells. In addition, we found cell contacts between Mullerian and Wolffian cells, namely short electron-dense segments on adjacent surfaces or disc-shaped thickenings within opposite plasma membranes, as well as fusions of the plasmalemmata over short distances. Until now, these cell contacts have not been described in rat embryos. PMID- 6516770 TI - Immunocytochemical study on the C cells in pig thyroid glands. AB - The distribution of pig thyroid C cells was demonstrated by a immunoperoxidase method using antiserum to porcine calcitonin. The average number of C cells per 4 mm2 counted in the deep and superficial regions was 127 and 55, respectively. The number in the cranial, middle and caudal regions was 60, 128 and 83, respectively. The number of C cells per follicular and C cells (C cell concentration) in deep and superficial regions was 4.9 and 2.6%. It was 3.2, 4.9 and 3.3% in the cranial, middle and caudal regions, respectively. These results indicate that the number and concentration of C cells were not only larger in deep than superficial regions but also in the middle region than in cranial and caudal in pig thyroid gland. These results also indicate that the C cell distribution in pig thyroid gland is the same as that of dog, human, cat, rat, guinea pig, and mouse. PMID- 6516771 TI - Resorption of endometrial collagen in oophorectomized rats. AB - Uteri of rats that had been either oophorectomized or given a single dose of 17 beta-diethylstilbestrol or progesterone were studied as to the ultrastructural features of collagen resorption by the fibroblasts of the endometrial stroma. Electron microscopy showed several cytoplasmic vesicles within fibroblasts containing collagenous fibrils in various stages of breakdown. These findings suggest that fibroblasts have a collagenolytic action. Hence, this cell type may play a dual role in the metabolism of endometrial collagen - firstly being responsible for its synthesis, and secondly participating in its resorption. PMID- 6516772 TI - Effect of guanethidine-induced sympathectomy on osteoblastic activity in the rat femur evaluated by 3H-proline autoradiography. AB - Osteoblastic activity in the rat femur was assessed following sympathectomy by injections of guanethidine sulfate from birth to 14 days of age. At ages 30, 45 and 90 days, osteogenesis was monitored by quantitative autoradiography using 3H proline. Grain counts over periosteal osteoblasts of the femoral diaphysis showed a significant reduction in the uptake of 3H-proline in sympathectomized rats. The results indicate that the sympathetic innervation of bone influences osteoblastic activity and provide support for a role of the autonomic nervous system in the regulation of bone formation. PMID- 6516773 TI - Anatomy and histology of the cervix uteri of the ewe: new insights. AB - The gross and microscopical anatomy of the cervix uteri of the ewe has been studied in an attempt to provide a three-dimensional description of the cervix as it relates to the histological appearance cervical tissue sections. Casts of the inside of the cervical lumen show its convoluted structure consisting of six circular folds, the second fold being eccentric to the other concentric folds and acting as a physiological barrier. Previous histological descriptions of the ovine cervix have failed to provide a clear understanding of the complex structure of its wall. The cervical wall of the ewe comprises five defined layers. The structure of the circular folds is comparatively simple as they consist only of the two deeper layers. PMID- 6516774 TI - Morphological characterization of stationary reticulum cells of the stromal in the mesenteric lymph node of the guinea pig. AB - The large mesenteric lymph node taken from guinea pigs in a period of time ranging from the 10th day prepartum till the 26th day postpartum has been examined in order to study: the morphological features of the stromal stationary reticulum cells with particular regard to recognize their stages of development; the possible ontogenetic relationship between these cells during the maturation of the lymphoid tissue. Our data support the hypothesis that from local mesenchymal cells originates a pool of poorly differentiated reticulum cells that can give rise to stromal stationary reticulum cells (myofibroblast-like cells, fibroblast-like cells, pericyte-like cells and dendritic cells). These elements have a characteristic distribution pattern likely related to different local functional requirements. PMID- 6516775 TI - Scanning electron microscopic observations on the 9-day opossum (Didelphis virginiana) embryo. AB - All three germ layers are present in the opossum embryo by the 9th prenatal day. The embryo proper is part of, and continuous with, the remainder of the chorionic wall. The wall of the yolk sac-chorion away from the embryo consists only of an outer covering of ectoderm and an inner layer of endoderm. Ectodermal cells covering the neural folds have dome-shaped apices and often show large, bleb-like expansions. Microvilli are short and few in number. The apical surfaces of ectodermal cells that overlie the parietal mesoderm are relatively smooth and show scattered, short microvilli that tend to be concentrated at cell junctions. The apices of ectodermal cells that cover the extraembryonic region are more rounded, and the cells balloon from the surface. Each cell shows abundant elongate microvilli and occasional cytoplasmic blebs. Endodermal cells that line the chorion and form the third (innermost) layer of the embryo are similar in their surface morphology. PMID- 6516776 TI - Synthesis and secretion of the enamel matrix precursor by the kitten secretory ameloblast. AB - Secretory ameloblasts in kitten molar tooth germs were examined with an electron microscope to analyze the synthesis and secretion processes of the enamel matrix precursor. The contents of the secretion granule were identified as fine granular material, which observed in both the rough endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi cisterns, accumulated in the dilated margins of the innermost Golgi cistern and formed condensing vacuoles. The same kind of condensing vacuoles was also produced from the GERL cisterns. During the secretion granule maturation processes in the Golgi region, the contents accumulated densely and the granules grew smaller. In addition, granule-limiting membranes acquired fine, bristle coats. The mature secretion granules then migrated, along microtubules, into the surfaces of the Tomes processes and finally released their contents by a process of exocytosis at the type 1 face which faces the enamel growth region. PMID- 6516777 TI - The effects of quantified amounts of increased intermittent compressive forces for 30 and 60 days on the growth of limb bones in the rat. AB - The purpose of this study was to subject groups of rats each to a specific 10% increase in body weight, to a maximum of a doubling of body weight, to study the effects of quantified, increased, intermittent, compressive forces on limb bone growth. Chronic centrifugation was employed. 21-day-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were used. After 30 and 60 days of centrifugation, the rats were killed. The humerus, radius, ulna, femur, and tibia were removed from each animal, cleared of all soft tissues, measured and weighed. The data were corrected for differences due to individual body weight by dividing bone lengths by the cube root of the body weight of the same animal. Tukey's 'Studentized' Multiple Range Test was performed to identify aggregations (sets) of force groups between which there are significant differences. The data suggest that the value of g, together with the amount of time spent at centrifugation, are both significant factors in the effects of increased intermittent, compressive forces, produced by simulated increases in body weight, on limb bone growth. PMID- 6516778 TI - Ultrastructural peculiarities of the inner portion of the circular layer of colon. I. Research in the human. AB - The inner part of the circular layer of the human colon is made up of a special muscle layer, three to eight row thick. Wide areas of connective tissue are found inside this inner circular layer and between it and the outer part of the circular layer. The muscle cells of this innermost layer have several special features: numerous glycogen particles and caveolae, well-developed sarcoplasmic reticulum, and wide contact areas with each other. At the border zone with the tela submucosa, there is a fibrous lamella rich in collagen and elastic fibers, lined by an incomplete layer of circularly orientated fibroblast-like cells. A nerve plexus, rich in varicosities, is located between the two circular layers, and nerve fibers are sparsely located inside the fibrous lamella. Interstitial cells of Cajal were not recognized. PMID- 6516779 TI - Fine structure of hepatocytes from mini-pigs and mini-pig fetuses exposed to alcohol (ethanol) in vivo. AB - The effect of alcohol on hepatocytes from pregnant mini-pigs and their half-term fetuses was studied after addition of 100-300 g ethanol daily to the ordinary sufficient fodder for about 20 days. Well-defined areas of liver tissue from ethanol-exposed mini-pigs and their fetuses were immersion fixed. The hepatocytes were evaluated ultrastructurally and compared to hepatocytes of non-treated control animals. After exposure to ethanol the hepatocytes of the pregnant mini pig developed an extensive smooth endoplasmic reticulum, and showed an increased number of mitochondria, microbodies and autophagic vacuoles, extensive Golgi complexes with accumulation of secretion, and a reduction of glycogen. The hepatocytes of the half-term fetuses exhibited profound changes of mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum after alcohol exposure. Many mitochondria showed abnormal shape and increased size, disorientation of cristae and accumulation of paracrystalline material. An increased number of autophagic vacuoles containing remnants of mitochondria were observed. The granular endoplasmic reticulum exhibited aggregations of endoplasmic cisternae which were well defined and not bounded by a membrane. Thus, the ultrastructural changes in the hepatocytes of the pregnant mini-pig seem to indicate an adaptation of these cells to ethanol by development of a microsomal or catalase ethanol-oxidizing system, while the hepatocytes of the mini-pig fetus in contrast show obvious signs of cellular injury. PMID- 6516780 TI - Architecture of the corneal stroma of the hen. AB - The corneal stroma architecture was studied in the adult chicken. Utilizing gross preparations, light and electron microscopic observations, the authors described the stromal lamellar arrangement. The stroma consists of two systems of lamellae: (1) a superficial or subepithelial system, formed by fan like spreading lamellae disposed in a spiral fashion localized at the superficial one fourth of the stroma and through the whole cornea, and (2) a deep system formed by an orthogonal gridwork of lamellae. Both systems are continuous. PMID- 6516781 TI - Light microscopic study of blood vessels of the nasal cavity of the pig. AB - 4 adult pigs were used for light microscopic studies to depict the relationship between nasal blood vessels and the surface epithelium, and to describe the histomorphology of these vessels. After giving an electric shock, animals were bled to death. Tissues were collected from three regions in the nasal cavity after splitting heads sagitally. Different types of vessels were described and a new classification was suggested. Arteries were muscular in type with, as well as without, internal elastic laminae. Thick-walled veins (characterized by smooth muscle cells in the tunica media) were present throughout the nasal cavity, while thin-walled veins or cavernous spaces were discernible only in the caudal one third of the nasal cavity. Further, arteriovenous anastomoses, epithelioid arterioles, and free smooth muscle cells in the propria submucosa were observed throughout the nasal cavity. PMID- 6516782 TI - Degradation of annular gap junctions of the equine hoof wall. AB - Annular gap junctions interiorized within cells of the stratum spinosum of the coronary border of the equine hoof were degraded by two methods. Some were autophagocytized and some appeared to fuse with lysosomes to form heterophagosomes. Structural changes of partially degraded annular gap junctions included increased density of the enclosed cytoplasm, formation of filamentous or membrane-like material within the annular gap junction, and disruption of the circular or oval profile of the gap junction. The annular gap junctions are apparently incorporated into the fully keratinized cells of the stratum corneum. PMID- 6516783 TI - Development of the vascular supply in rat skeletal muscles. AB - The vascular development in the extensor muscles of rat forelegs from 12-day-old embryos up to 9-day-old animals was investigated with a light microscope using semithin plastic sections. On late day 12, blood vessels are distributed over the whole cross sectional area of the foreleg. On early day 13, a rearrangement of the blood vessels is visible. Now an avascular centre is enclosed by a vascularized tissue mantle, in which the muscle anlage starts developing. Few capillaries are visible within the muscle anlage. After differentiation of the muscle anlage into individual muscles the epimysium is passed by a netlike capillary plexus enwrapping the first avascular muscles. With the establishment of the perimysium on day 16 of embryonic development some capillaries are also visible within the individual muscles. The diameter of the capillaries is by far larger than the diameter of the myotubes. In older embryos the perimysium shows an increasing number of such large capillaries, whereas in the epimysium the capillaries are less frequent. In the perimysium a few additional capillaries with a small diameter of about 5 micron occur. On day 3 postpartum, small capillaries are also visible within the muscle fibre bundles. In the perimysium many large capillaries are still obvious. The vascular supply on day 9 postpartum, resembles that in adult muscles. The vascular supply of the muscles progresses from their periphery to more and more smaller compartments within the muscles, in close correlation to the establishment of the muscular connective tissue. PMID- 6516784 TI - Innervation pattern of intrinsic laryngeal musculature of the rabbit. AB - The intrinsic laryngeal musculature of rabbit was studied using various neurohistological techniques. The vegetative and sensory nerve terminals are present in abundance, while the proprioceptors are seemingly absent. Furthermore, simple motor endplates, sometimes furnished with ultraexpansional fibers, complex endplates, or 'en grappe' are described. Their abundance within a musculature lacking in muscle-spindles is indicative of a possible vicarious function. PMID- 6516785 TI - Possible role of lincomycin-therapy in the genetic alteration of a staphylococcus epidemic population. AB - In a staphylococcosis epidemic occurring in a child community, the proportion of inducible lincomycin resistance has risen significantly in the bacterium population. This conveyed the possibility that lincomycin or its derivatives may induce a lincomycin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus as it is already known in streptococci. Examination of human and animal samples obtained during lincomycin treatment showed that lincomycin had no role in the induction of resistance; the agent can effectively be applied against pathogens of the above-mentioned phenotype. Immunological examination of serum samples provided opportunity for a more exact localization of the protein-linkage of lincomycin. PMID- 6516786 TI - Transient global amnesia. AB - 30 patients aged between 45 and 78 years and who had suffered from transient global amnesia (TGA), were seen at the Department of Neurology, Pordenone Public Hospital, in the period 1978 to 1982. 25 patients had one or more risk factors for cerebrovascular disease, such as hypertension, cardiac abnormalities, diabetes and hyperlipidemia. EEG examination revealed abnormal activity only in 7 patients. Brain Computed Tomography showed cerebral atrophy in 10 and hypodense lesions in 3 patients. 16 patients had been followed up for a mean interval of 20 months. During the follow-up period, 4 patients had recurrent TGA and one had a transient ischemic attack in the vertebrobasilar arterial system. In the follow up group, 15 patients showed permanent memory impairment. The high incidence of risk factors for cerebrovascular disease seems to confirm that TGA is probably due to transient cerebral ischemia. The high rate of permanent memory impairment, almost always connected with the coexistence of cerebrovascular risk factors, is not in agreement with the postulated good prognosis of TGA. PMID- 6516787 TI - Cerebral angioarchitecture and perinatal brain lesions in premature and full-term infants. AB - The present study explains the time sequence and the location of the different ischemic perinatal brain lesions by the changes in the arterial angioarchitecture which take place during the last fetal months. Hemorrhages in the germinal layer and in the subarachnoid space occur at a time when, and in a localization where, the primitive embryonic type of arterial angioarchitecture is in regression, while leukomalacia lesions occur when the periventricular arterial border-zones are already formed. PMID- 6516788 TI - Prognostic evaluation of brainstem hematomas: the role of CT scan and brainstem auditory evoked potentials. AB - 6 cases of brainstem hematoma were studied utilizing CT scan and brainstem auditory evoked potential (BAEP) recordings. CT scan did not contribute to an early discrimination between primary and secondary hematomas. Size of the hematoma and the presence of blood in the CSF did not represent evident signs in differentiating benign from unfavourable brainstem hematomas or hemorrhages. BAEP recordings showed the presence of electrophysiological anomalies at the level of the lesion, demonstrating that bleeding as well as tumor in the brainstem can provoke a focal damage. PMID- 6516789 TI - Non-painful phantom limb phenomena in amputees: incidence, clinical characteristics and temporal course. AB - 58 patients undergoing limb amputation mainly because of peripheral vascular disease were interviewed by means of a standard questionnaire and examined 8 days, 6 months and 2 years after limb amputation regarding non-painful phantom limb phenomena. During the follow-up period, 41% of patients died. The incidence of phantom limb 8 days, 6 months and 2 years after limb loss was 84%, 90% and 71%, respectively. Phantom limb phenomena changed within the first half year after amputation from a mainly proximal and distal distribution to a mainly distal localized sensation. While approximately 3/4 of patients with phantom limb had kinaesthetic sensations in the limb (i.e. feeling of length, volume or other spatial sensation) during the first 6 months after amputation, less than 50% of patients had this later in the course; 30% of patients noticed a clear shortening of the phantom limb during the follow-up period. While the incidence of phantom limb did not decrease during the follow-up period, both the duration and frequency of phantom limb phenomena declined significantly. The distribution of non-painful and painful phantom limb did not differ significantly from each other. The present findings suggest that mechanisms both in periphery, spinal cord and brain participate in generating the phantom limb percept. PMID- 6516790 TI - Stroke before 55 years of age at Karolinska Hospital 1973-77. A study of 399 well defined cases. Risk indicators and etiological considerations. AB - The etiological characteristics of cerebrovascular disease (CVD) before the age of 55 are reviewed in 399 patients admitted to the Department of Neurology, Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm, from 1973-77. The material was well-defined with regard to subtypes of stroke as well as to the diseased population. The control material consists of 829 males and females of corresponding age randomly selected from the Stockholm population. In the ischemic group, 61% had angiographic evidence of atherosclerosis and, compared to controls, in most patient groups a significant (P less than 0.05-0.001) association with hypertension, diabetes, heart disease and smoking was found as well as for female patients under age 40 the use of oral contraceptives (P less than 0.001). In the hemorrhagic group, angiography demonstrated aneurysms in 76% of the patients with subarachnoidal bleeding but also atherosclerotic lesions in about 12% of the whole group. This would imply that atherosclerosis is an important precursor also for hemorrhagic lesions, further supported by a significant (P less than 0.01-0.001) association of hypertension, diabetes and smoking with this group. PMID- 6516791 TI - Effects of amobarbital and methohexital on epileptic activity in mesial temporal structures in epileptic patients. An EEG study with depth electrodes. AB - Bilateral intracarotidal Amytal (amobarbital) tests for evaluation of speech and memory function were performed during preoperative evaluation of 30 patients with drug-resistant epilepsy. In 8 of these patients (16 tests), having partial complex epilepsy, EEG was recorded with depth electrodes, implanted bilaterally in anterior mesial temporal structures. The EEGs during 13 tests could be quantified with regard to spike activity. A rapid increase in spike frequency was observed ipsilateral to the injection in all tests but one. No seizure activity or clinical seizures were provoked. This previously unnoticed effect of amobarbital could be due to a direct excitatory effect of the drug on epileptic temporal neurones or, alternatively, to a release of interictal inhibition, exerted upon these neurons by other structures. In 4 patients, the effect was compared with that of methohexital, another barbiturate known to have excitatory effects upon epileptic activity. PMID- 6516792 TI - Platelet aggregation and thromboxane B2 formation after ethanol abuse: is there a relationship to stroke? AB - Formation of thromboxane B2 (TXB2), a metabolite of the potent platelet aggregating and vasoconstrictor agent thromboxane A2 (TXA2), during ADP-induced platelet aggregation was studied in 10 healthy men and in 10 male alcoholics during the 2-week period of detoxification. None of the alcoholics had anemia or thrombo-embolic disease. The platelets of the alcoholics were more sensitive for ADP and synthesized as much as triple the amount of TXB2 compared to those of the nonalcoholic donors. The effect was most striking during the rebound thrombocytosis and suggests that it could possible contribute to the increased incidence of various thrombotic diseases in the alcoholic. PMID- 6516793 TI - Perivascular cholinesterase and morphological blood-brain barrier function. AB - Little is known about the function of cholinesterase activity present in the walls of cerebral microvessels. It has been shown that systemically administered physostigmine, a cholinesterase inhibitor that penetrates the blood-brain barrier, causes barrier opening. This has led to suggestions that perivascular cholinesterase is involved in the maintenance of morphological blood-brain barrier function. The present study demonstrates that the physostigmine-induced barrier opening is fully attributable to the acute hypertension and hypercapnia the agent gives rise to. Thus, it is discussed whether the enzyme activity may function as an enzymatic barrier to cholinergic agents. PMID- 6516794 TI - Status epilepticus and alcohol abuse: an analysis of 82 status epilepticus admissions. AB - In 1979-80, 82 cases of grand mal status epilepticus (71 patients, 39 male and 32 female) were admitted to the Casualty Department of Meilahti University Hospital in Helsinki, Finland. The cause of the underlying epilepsy was symptomatic in 43 cases (52.4%) and idiopathic in 19 cases (23.2%). In 6 cases (7.3%), there was a history of alcohol withdrawal seizures, and in 14 cases (17.1%) there was no earlier history of convulsions. Status epilepticus was associated with an acute or progressive cerebral disorder in 14 episodes. These comprised 6 bouts of status with brain tumour, 4 with acute stroke and 4 with brain injury. Alcohol abuse preceded the status in 29 episodes (35.4%), 23 of which occurred in men (53.5% of the male cases). Excessive use of alcohol was the only obvious precipitating factor for status in 16 cases, and in 6 cases the status presented as a prolonged alcohol withdrawal seizure. A change or irregularity of anticonvulsive drug therapy could be documented in 14 cases and an acute infection outside the central nervous system in 7 cases. Intravenous diazepam, used as the only therapy for status epilepticus, was effective in 58 of 78 episodes. In 7 cases of prolonged status, a thiopental sodium anaesthesia proved effective. The total mortality was 4.2%, including 2 deaths from concomitant extracerebral disorders and one late death from brain metastasis. PMID- 6516795 TI - Glucose tolerance in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. AB - Blood glucose and plasma insulin during an oral glucose tolerance test were determined in 21 patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and in 10 control patients matched for age, obesity and physical activity. In addition, 125I insulin binding to circulating erythrocytes were studied in a subgroup of 4 ALS patients and 8 controls. Both impaired glucose tolerance and diabetes mellitus were evenly distributed between the study groups, and no difference in mean blood glucose levels during the OGTT was found between ALS and control patients. Fasting plasma immunoreactive insulin concentration was significantly higher in ALS patients as compared to controls, but plasma IRI increments to the glycemic stimulus were similar in the 2 groups. The number of insulin binding sites per cell appeared lower in patients with ALS, but the difference in receptor concentration was not statistically significant. In addition, the specific bound fraction of 125I-insulin showed no difference between ALS and control patients. In conclusion, we were unable to demonstrate any marked deterioration of glucose tolerance or increase in insulin resistance in patients with ALS. PMID- 6516796 TI - In vitro toxicity of MS sera correlates with new clinical signs. AB - In vitro toxicity of sera from 10 MS patients was followed for up to 3 years. Myelinotoxicity and cytotoxicity measured as radiolabel release from rat cerebellar explants were almost continuously higher in than in controls while peaks of radiolabel release were associated with the emergence of new clinical signs in the MS patients. PMID- 6516797 TI - Hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy of demyelinating and remyelinating type in children. Ultrastructural and morphometric studies on sural nerve biopsy specimens from ten sporadic cases. AB - Ten autosomal recessive/sporadic cases of hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy type I (HMSN I), nine of which originated from the northern part of Sweden, were included in the study. Parents were free from neurologic symptoms. Motor and sensory conduction velocity was normal when recorded, i.e., in 19 and 17 parents, respectively. Sural nerve biopsies from the ten cases revealed a varying degree of onion bulb formation. In eight of the cases the onion bulbs consisted of abundant basement membranes, whereas the Schwann cells were few and sometimes lacking. There were in some cases considerable differences between separate fascicles as to the loss of myelinated nerve fibers. In the six biopsies in which teasing was performed signs of present and previous demyelination were noticed. Numerous internodal segments were abnormally thin with reference to their length. In many such segments there were marked local thickenings of the nerve fiber. In cross sections the probable counterparts to these thickenings were nerve fibers with unduly thick myelin sheaths and complex folding of the myelin. Ultrastructural axonal changes were seen in the majority of the cases. The pathogenetic and diagnostic implications of the present findings are discussed. PMID- 6516799 TI - Immunohistochemical localization of extravasated serum albumin in the hippocampus of human subjects with partial and generalized epilepsies and epileptiform convulsions. AB - Human serum albumin-like immunoreactivity was detected by the peroxidase antiperoxidase method in histological sections of the hippocampus from epileptic and control brains obtained on routine autopsies. In the hippocampi of epileptic patients immunoreactive astrocytes were found, the number of which was increasing with the severity of the manifest convulsions. The highest numbers of immunoreactive astrocytes were observed in those patients who died in status epilepticus. Hippocampi from control patients with no neurologic disorders in life were devoid of immunoreactive astrocytes. The results are discussed in terms of the breakdown of the blood-brain barrier during epileptic seizures. PMID- 6516798 TI - Divergent glial and neuronal differentiation in a cerebellar medulloblastoma in an organ culture system: in vitro occurrence of synaptic ribbons. AB - A cerebellar medulloblastoma from a 2-year-old boy was maintained in vitro in an organ culture system for 6.5 months, and the explants studied by light and electron microscopy at different time intervals. The tumor cells progressively demonstrated divergent differentiation into astrocytes and neuroblasts. Astrocytic differentiation, confirmed by immunohistochemistry for GFA protein, became maximal after about 7 weeks in vitro and was thereafter maintained in different areas of the explants. Concomitantly, neuroblastic differentiation was expressed in other cells, with the progressive development of cell processes filled with many microtubules, of neuroblastic rosettes, of increased numbers of dense-core and clear-centered vesicles, of occasional 9 + 0 cilia, and of synaptic ribbons appearing in vitro. Neuroblastic differentiation was most pronounced in 4- and 6-month-old explants, but synapses were not found. The differentiating features reported are in contrast to those of the original tumor, which was largely undifferentiated. The alternative interpretation of a divergent glial and pineocytic differentiation is also considered. These findings support the concept of the differentiating bipotential of the cerebellar medulloblastoma. PMID- 6516800 TI - Immunohistochemistry of folliculo-stellate cells in normal human adenohypophyses and in pituitary adenomas. AB - Presence and distribution of S-100 protein (S-100), neuron-specific enolase (NSE), cytokeratin polypeptides, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), vimentin, actin, lysozyme and pituitary hormones (prolactin, hGH, ACTH, beta-FSH, beta-LH, beta-TSH, alpha subunit) in folliculo-stellate cells (FSC) were studied in seven normal human pituitary glands and 28 pituitary adenomas using peroxidase antiperoxidase and the avidin-biotin immunohistochemical techniques. Approximately 5% of the cells of the adenohypophysis were agranular, non-hormone producing FSC most of which showed a conspicuous and strong reaction with S-100 antibodies but some were, in addition, GFAP- and vimentin-positive. In contrast to endocrine cells (EC), FSC were not decorated by antibodies to NSE or cytokeratins. In addition to supportive functions, these cells, due to their close special relationship to EC, seem to have transport and other metabolic functions yet to be elucidated. By their S-100 reactivity and their distribution FSC are comparable to glial cells of the central and Schwann and satellite cells of the peripheral nervous system (PNS) as well as to supportive cells in neuroendocrine organs and related tumors (e.g., pheochromocytomas, paragangliomas, carcinoids). With one exception, S-100 reactive FSC were not found in pituitary adenomas. The immunohistochemical demonstration of S-100 protein in pituitary tissue is, therefore, a reliable aid in the discrimination between adenomas and normal pituitary tissue, particularly in small and poorly preserved specimens.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6516801 TI - Ultrastructural observation on a colloid cyst of the third ventricle. A contribution to its pathogenesis. AB - The case involves a colloid cyst of the third ventricle in a 20-year-old man. The lining epithelia of the cyst were composed of two different types of epithelial cells; stratified squamous cells and mucin-containing columnar cells. The presence of both squamous and glandular cells in the cyst wall supports the contention that the colloid cyst in the present case derived from an non neuroepithelial source. The clinico-pathology of this cystic tumor is compared here with other epithelial cysts of the central nervous system (CNS), especially Rathke's cyst. PMID- 6516802 TI - Organotypic development of neonate rabbit hippocampus in roller tube culture. AB - Maintenance of organotypic cultures of hippocampus derived from neonate rabbit has not been previously reported. The study described here was undertaken to define the conditions most suitable for organotypic development, in vitro, of this structure. Slices of hippocampus, on flying cover-slips, were maintained on plasma clots in roller tubes, for periods of up to 6 weeks. The results showed that the explanted, immature hippocampus developed in a manner which parallels the in vivo development, previously described. Specifically, pronounced neuronal differentiation was noted as the cultures matured. There is evidence that the hippocampus of rabbit, in vivo, at 3 weeks of age has assumed the mature pattern of neuronal and synaptic differentiation. Such differentiation similarly occurred in the cultured hippocampus described in this study. This system would serve as an ideal tool in applications in experimental neuropathology, where the use of a model of a phylogenetically advanced central nervous system is preferred. PMID- 6516804 TI - Conversion of oral progesterone into deoxycorticosterone during postmenopausal replacement therapy. PMID- 6516803 TI - A Golgi analysis of unlayered polymicrogyria. AB - The cytoarchitectonics of the cerebral unlayered polymicrogyria located at the borders of a bilateral porencephalic defect is characterized by minute convolutions not exteriorized by sulci, in which blood vessels and increased numbers of fibrillary astrocytes are present in the fused molecular layers. The cellular organization, based on the analysis of Golgi sections, differs among gyral, intermediate, and sulcal regions and represents variable degree of cellular damage and structural organization of the cerebral mantle injured approximately in gestational month 5. Polymicrogyria may be produced by incomplete ischemia of radial territories vascularized by cortical blood vessels penetrating at right angles from the surface which is the result of the imbalance between the impaired cerebral blood flow of occluded large prerolandic arteries, responsible for the porencephalic defect, and the arterial meningeal anastomoses. Abnormal folding in polymicrogyria may be generated by lateral differences in the cortical thickness of adjoining areas, and by the imbalance in growth rates of laterally contiguous cortical regions. PMID- 6516805 TI - Reference values for serum components in pregnant women. AB - Reference values have been collected for 11 chemical blood serum components during the three trimesters of pregnancy in 100 healthy pregnant women. The results used for reference intervals are presented as 2.5, 50 and 97.5 percentiles. Especially regarding S-Albumin, S-Alkaline phosphatase and S-5' Nucleotidase the changes were most pronounced during the third trimester. S Gammaglutamyl-transferase did not change significantly during pregnancy. For S Aspartate aminotransferase and S-Alanine amino-transferase there were no significant changes in the mean values during the three different trimester periods. In the third trimester the frequency distribution of the enzymes became skewed to the right, i.e. in some women the enzyme activities increased noticeably more than in others. S-Na showed a significant decrease even during the first trimester and this lowering was slightly more pronounced during the second and third trimesters. S-Ca decreased in parallel with S-Albumin concentration. The changes in S-CaAlbumin-corrected were distinctly smaller than those in S-CaTotal. Throughout pregnancy, S-K, S-Bilirubin and S-Thymol turbitidy test values did not deviate from non-pregnant levels. PMID- 6516806 TI - Conization of the cervix uteri. Complications in connection with plain catgut or silk suturing. AB - During a retrospective study on postoperative complications in 213 patients who had undergone conization, a (non-significant) reduction in the bleeding rate from 27.9% to 18.6% was found when using silk sutures (102 patients) instead of plain catgut (111 patients) for adaption of the edges of the wound (0.1 less than p less than 0.2). The reduction was most pronounced and significant in cases where bleeding had occurred during the first 4 days after surgery, the usual period for hospital stay under normal conditions. After discharge the bleeding rates were more comparable, 12.6% in the catgut group and 16.6% in the silk group. On the other hand, more cases of stenosis of the cervical canal were observed, i.e., 25.5% in the silk group and 8.1% in the catgut group (p less than 0.001). The period of hospitalization was reduced on an average by 2 days when using silk (p less than 0.001). PMID- 6516808 TI - Predictive value of antepartum non-stress test in multiple pregnancies. AB - Twenty-seven sets of twins in the last trimester of pregnancy underwent 122 antepartum non-stress tests (NST). The NSTs were evaluated by a cardiotocography score. The last test was performed less than one week antepartum. Fifty fetuses had a normal NST, 13 were small-for-gestational age, but only one of these required intensive neonatal care. Four fetuses had one or more pathological NSTs; all 4 were SGA, and these required intensive neonatal care. The pathological variables in the cardiotocograms were reduced variability, absence of spontaneous accelerations, and (late) decelerations. There was no perinatal mortality. Pathological NST was associated with a statistically significantly increased rate of neonatal morbidity, reduced intra-uterine growth and a low one minute Apgar score. For the evaluation of retarded intra-uterine growth, the predictive value of a normal NST was 95.7%, and the predictive value of a pathological NST was 75.0%. The assessment of fetal wellbeing in multiple pregnancy by non-stressed antepartum cardiotocography is of clinical value and seems to be a better predictor of perinatal morbidity than are serial estriol analyses and serial biparietal diameter measurements. PMID- 6516807 TI - Induced abortion by the suction method. An analysis of complication rates. AB - 3036 induced abortions from the years 1977, 1978, 1979 and 1980 were analysed. They included all abortions performed with the suction method at Akershus Central Hospital, except for those done in combination with a sterilization procedure. The main determinants of complication rates were parity, period of gestation and, for minor complications, whether the patient was treated as an in-patient or an out-patient. Women who had not previously given birth had a higher complication rate than parous women. Complication rates were lowest during weeks 7-10. Out patients had fewer readmissions, repeat curettages, and infections, than in patients. There was a tendency to cause a larger dilatation of the cervical canal than was technically necessary. PMID- 6516809 TI - The predictive value of total estriol; HPL and Hb on perinatal outcome in severe pre-eclampsia. AB - The prognostic value of total maternal plasma estriol, human placental lactogen (HPL) and hemoglobin (Hb) with regard to perinatal outcome was compared in 74 cases of severe pre-eclampsia. No combination of the tests predicted all cases of fetal and newborn pathology. HPL was the most reliable single test in cases of intra-uterine growth retardation, while Hb was the best predictor of severe fetal pathology and perinatal distress. In cases of severe fetal and neonatal pathology, the prognostic value of the combination of HPL and Hb was more reliable than the combination of all the three tests. PMID- 6516810 TI - Natural killer cell activity after gynecologic infections with chlamydia. AB - The level of blood natural killer (NK) cell activity was determined in relation to chlamydial infections. A group of 10 women who had recovered from chlamydial salpingitis was compared with a similar group who had had chlamydial cervicitis. Ten healthy female blood donors with no history of chlamydial infections served as controls. The spontaneous cytotoxicity of non-adherent blood lymphocytes was determined in a 3-hour assay with radiolabelled K562 cells as targets. There were no significant differences in the NK cell activity of the three groups. No correlation between NK cell activity and chlamydial IgG antibody titer in serum could be found. The level of NK cell activity as determined in this system cannot explain why some patients get a more severe form of chlamydial infection than others do. PMID- 6516811 TI - Effects of naloxone on newborn infant behavior after maternal analgesia with pethidine during labor. AB - Infants born to mothers receiving 100 mg of pethidine during labor, were randomly given either 100 micrograms of naloxone (n = 14) or 0.25 ml 0.9% NaCl (n = 13) one hour post partum. Infant behavior was assessed with the Brazelton Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale (BNBAS) and the Broussard Neonatal Perception Inventory (NPI). No differences in cluster scores on the BNBAS were found between the two groups. Both groups improved scores over time in 4 out of 7 clusters. On the NPI, mothers assessed naloxone infants as having less optimal behavior than did the control mothers. The results of this study on the effects of naloxone on infant behavior and maternal perception of newborn behavior do not warrant administration of naloxone after maternal analgesia with pethidine in the absence of clinical evidence of respiratory depression in the newborn. PMID- 6516812 TI - Decrease in menarcheal age from 1966 to 1983 in Denmark. AB - Mean age at menarche was estimated by the status quo method in the same region of Denmark in 1965-66 and 1982-83 in 983 and 1 591 girls, respectively. During that period menarcheal age decreased by 4 months from 13.40 to 13.03 years, subsequent to a similar decrease from 1949-50 (2) to 1965-66. Comparison with recent data from the other Nordic countries, except Norway, indicates that age at menarche is now close to 13 years, and a halt in the trend towards earlier menarche is not evident. PMID- 6516813 TI - Fibrinopeptide A and intravascular coagulation in normotensive and hypertensive pregnancy and parturition. AB - Fibrinopeptide A (FpA), fibrin monomers, fibrinogen, fibrin degradation products (FDP) aand platelets have been studied during pregnancy, parturition and during toxemia and compared with normal non-pregnant controls in order to evaluate thrombin activity under these conditions. We found a significant rise in fibrinopeptide A levels in late pregnancy and even more so during parturition with a maximum immediately after placental expulsion. We also found elevated FpA levels in toxemic patients, but no significant differences from normal pregnancies. Fibrin monomers were more often elevated during delivery and toxemia during normal pregnancy. One case report concerning a patient with deficient thrombin activation and heavy postpartum bleeding is added. Our studies indicate an increased thrombin activity and fibrinogen turnover in both normal and toxemic pregnancies. During normal childbirth, coagulation activity seemed to reach a maximum immediately after placental separation. PMID- 6516814 TI - Technical faults and complications in interlocking nailing of femoral and tibial fractures. PMID- 6516815 TI - [Subcapitular osteotomy of the fibula in valgization]. PMID- 6516816 TI - [Evolution and treatment of tarsal scaphoid fractures]. PMID- 6516817 TI - [Rotational instability of the lumbar spine]. PMID- 6516818 TI - Comparative radiological study of the influence of ankle joint bandages on ankle stability. PMID- 6516819 TI - The neuropathic joint. PMID- 6516820 TI - [Double-cup hip prosthesis. Comparative study of a series of Freeman and Wagner prostheses]. PMID- 6516821 TI - The double-contrast shoulder arthrogram. A review of 327 studies. PMID- 6516822 TI - [Matti-Russe surgery in the treatment of carpal scaphoid pseudarthroses]. PMID- 6516823 TI - A new method for measuring electrical resistance of bone "in vivo". PMID- 6516824 TI - [Contribution of x-ray computed tomography to the management of a case of gas gangrene]. PMID- 6516825 TI - [Anterior luxation of the elbow joint with fracture of the olecranon]. PMID- 6516826 TI - Preoperative embolization of a large liposarcoma. A case report. PMID- 6516827 TI - [Congenital luxation of the patella associated with ball-and-socket deformity of the ankle]. PMID- 6516828 TI - Tympanic membrane morphogenesis. PMID- 6516829 TI - Surgical management of the congenital ear. AB - The author is bringing forward in this paper a surgical classification of encountered congenital malformations of the middle ear. This classification is based on his own experience and is essentially anatomical. A short review of the connected problems and the surgical procedures is presented. PMID- 6516830 TI - Function and dysfunction of the eustachian tube in children. AB - Various tests of the Eustachian tube function was studied with the impedance technique in a pressure chamber. The material consisted of otologically healthy children and adults and of children with positive histories of otitis media. The active pressure equilibration capacity, i.e. the muscular opening function of the tube was poorer in the children (3-12 years) than in the adults and poorer in the children with than without otologic histories. The muscular opening function improved with age, as confirmed by repeated tests during 3 years. The middle ear pressures by tympanometry were lower in the children than in the adults and 1/5 of the otologically healthy children had underpressures equal to or exceeding 1kPa. It is suggested that the lower limit of normal middle ear pressure by tympanometry in children should be - 2kPa. The passive pressure opening and closing functions of the tube, which reflect its closing forces or its protective function, did not, however, differ between the adults or the children. The results imply that there is a primary muscular opening hypofunction of the tube in children which may be an underlying etiologic factor in the development of otitis media. PMID- 6516831 TI - Bell's palsy in children. AB - The diagnosis Bell's palsy was made in 54 children. Three boys presented with 2 occurrences of Bell's palsy. Age, sex distribution, treatment and outcome of recovery are described and compared to data in the literature. PMID- 6516832 TI - Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome in childhood. AB - The review of 31 records of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome in childhood allows the authors to report some characteristics of the population and the clinical picture. They explain the diagnostic plan, detailing the need of combined ENT and pediatrician evaluations and the importance of the polygraphic sleep recording. They relate their therapeutical results after adenotonsillectomy in cases with lymphoid enlargement, after section of velopharyngeal flap in plasties for velopalatal incompetence and discuss their attitude in cases of other origins. They finally give the results of complete biological investigations performed in hope to find an univocal pathway to the observed massive lymphoid hyperplasia. PMID- 6516833 TI - Malignant otolaryngological tumors in children. AB - The details of 37 children presenting a malignant tumor in the ENT-region (period 1950-1983) are presented and discussed. The prevalence was higher in boys than in girls and the most common tumors were non-Hodgkin lymphoma (n = 14) and rhabdomyosarcoma (n = 13). The most common primary sites were the nasopharynx (9 cases), the paranasal sinuses (7 cases) and the soft tissue in the parotid region (7 cases). In 23 children the presence of a painless tumor was the first symptom, in 11 pain was predominant. Only a minority (5 children) presented a limited tumor; in 20 children there was a local extension of the tumor and in 10 children metastases were present at the first visit. The beneficial role of chemotherapy and the necessity of a good teamwork in the treatment of these children is outlined. Of the 37 children, 14, (38%) are surviving; of these 14 children, 12 are off therapy and cured. It is demonstrated that the prognosis improved considerably since the last 14 years. PMID- 6516834 TI - Pathogenesis of voice disorders in childhood. AB - The aim of this article is to review: The specific features of phonatory structures in childhood and their functional correlations. The causal factors of voice disorders in the pediatric patient: chromosomal defects, congenital deformities, mass laryngeal lesions, inflammations and infections, traumata, neurologic disorders, metabolic and endocrine disorders, deafness, velopharyngeal insufficiency, adolescent voice change, vocal abuse and misuse, and musculoskeletal tension disorders. PMID- 6516835 TI - Sinusitis in the child. PMID- 6516836 TI - Study of lymphoid tissue in paediatric ENT practice. AB - This study comprises 2 groups of children; allergic (18) and non-allergic (36), having undergone tonsillectomy, adenoidectomy or both. The humoral immunity profile' bacteriology and neutrophile and eosinophile cell populations of the lymphoid tissues removed were compared. No significant difference was brought into evidence. The bacteriology of the two groups did however show a preponderance of Haemophilus influenzae. This would appear to be in contradiction to the generally accepted theories. PMID- 6516837 TI - Ciliary abnormalities in children (hockey-stick cilia). Study by scanning electron microscope. Report on three paediatric cases. AB - The authors report three cases of patients suffering from repeated infection of the upper and lower respiratory tracts. Mucociliary clearance, measured in the nasal fossae by coloured indicators, is reduced. Both transmission and scanning electronic ultramicroscopic study of the vibratile cilia show a morphological malformation of "hockey-stick" appearance, while the structure of the exonemal microtubular apparatus is normal and complete. This morphological ciliary abnormality is held to be responsible for the respiratory pathology in the three cases observed. PMID- 6516838 TI - [Resection of the vidian nerve in vasomotor rhinitis: morphofunctional effects on the nasal mucosa]. PMID- 6516839 TI - Tumor-bearing depresses distant mast-cell-mediated mitogenesis. AB - A methylcholanthrene-induced sarcoma grafted subcutaneously in rats was used in early transplantation generations. Tumor-bearing rats showed weight loss compatible with cachexia. Healthy rats of the same age served as controls. In tumor-bearing rats the basal mesenteric proliferation was unaffected whereas the strictly mast-cell-mediated hyperproliferative reaction in the mesentery was significantly reduced after intraperitoneal injection of the mast-cell secretagogue compound 48/80, as judged from specific DNA activity and mitosis counting. However, in mesentery and peritoneal lavage the number of mast cells, their histamine-releasing capacity, and their content of histamine, 5 hydroxytryptamine and heparin were unaffected by tumor-burden. The findings suggest the presence of a tumor-associated systemic factor of unknown nature which interferes with the biochemical events leading to the mast-cell-dependent mitogenesis. Since this mitogenic reaction may normally compensate for injury at the cellular level it is questioned whether the decreased mast-cell-dependent proliferation in tumor-bearing is a component of cachexia. PMID- 6516840 TI - Fibroma of tendon sheath. A light and electron-microscopic study of 6 cases. AB - The clinical picture, the light and electron microscopic appearance, and the histochemical findings are described in six cases of fibroma of tendon sheath. The ages at onset for the four men and two women range between 16 and 54 years. The lesions were well circumscribed, rounded or oval, and had a diameter of about 1 cm. Light-microscopically the lesions consisted of a dense fibrocollagenous tissue with a variable degree of collagenization and cellularity, the peripheral zone often being most cellular and containing slit-like vascular spaces. Electron microscopically two main cell types were identified: myofibroblasts and fibroblasts, the former dominating in cellular areas, the latter dominating in collagenized areas. The histochemical analysis indicated the presence of sulphated glucosaminoglycans within the collagenous matrix. Immunoperoxidase staining for factor VIII RAG-related antigen gave prominence to the endothelium of capillary-like blood vessels. The differential diagnosis against giant cell tumor of tendon sheath is discussed. The observations indicate that fibroma of tendon sheath is a distinct entity of probable reactive, non-neoplastic nature. PMID- 6516841 TI - Time-course and rate of healing after wounding the avascular mesentery in diabetic rats. AB - The effects of inflicting trauma on the mesentery of diabetic and control rats by perforation with a scalpel were studied with regard to time-course of healing and rate of healing by closure. In this tissue, which is virtually free from blood vessels and nerves, healing precedes vascularization of the wound area. Insulin deficient rats with streptozotocin diabetes of 4 weeks' duration were used. Non specific histamine release and cell proliferation (expressed as specific DNA activity) lasting 30 h took place after opening the abdomen and handling the mesentery. Wounding caused further histamine release and cell proliferation. These variables were the same in diabetic and control rats. The time-course of healing was significantly delayed in diabetes, whereas the rate of healing (number of wound closures per day) during the phase of rapid healing was not. Because the rate of healing was normal in diabetic rats the impairment of healing in diabetes can be ascribed to pre-healing reparative events unrelated not only to vascular and neural factors but apparently also to the amount of histamine released and to the cell proliferation elicited by wounding. The delayed healing thus seems to be related to some cellular or metabolic feature of diabetes as yet unknown. PMID- 6516842 TI - Lithium induced interstitial nephropathy associated with chronic renal failure. Reversibility and correlation between functional and structural changes. AB - We have previously shown that administration of lithium to rats in the first weeks after birth results in a severe interstitial nephropathy. The aim of the present work was to study the relationship between functional impairment and structural lesions and to evaluate whether the nephropathy regresses after withdrawal of lithium. Three groups of animals were studied: 16 weeks-old controls (group A), rats treated with lithium for 16 weeks (group B) and rats treated for 8 weeks followed by 8 weeks without lithium (group C). Plasma urea and renal concentrating ability were determined and one kidney fixed by vascular perfusion with glutaraldehyde for light microscope morphometry. The results show a significant reduction in renal function after lithium treatment. There was a highly significant reduction in proximal tubular length and a pronounced increase in interstitial volume due to severe fibrosis. The total mass of glomerular tufts was also reduced, but not when this parameter was divided by the body weight. Sclerotic glomeruli were not observed. The structural and functional lithium induced lesions are independent of sex and irreversible, since they persist 8 weeks after withdrawal of lithium. It is proposed that lithium-induced interstitial fibrosis is followed by proximal tubular atrophy with a reduction in the amount of functioning proximal tubules. This leads to a decrease in proximal tubular reabsorption of sodium and a disturbance in the glomerulo-tubular balance resulting in a decrease in glomerular filtration rate. PMID- 6516843 TI - Primary synovial chondrometaplasia. Histologic variations in the structure of metaplastic nodules. AB - Eight cases of primary synovial chondrometaplasia have been evaluated with respect to 1) number of metaplastic nodules, 2) their location in relation to the surface of the synovium, 3) the histochemical composition of the matrix of the nodules; number of nodules with 4) cystic degeneration, 5) osteoclastic/chondroclastic activity at the margin, 6) invasion of connective tissue and 7) calcification and/or ossification. Furthermore, the pleomorphism and hyperchromatism of the chondroid cells and their nuclei and number of mitoses were evaluated. The number of metaplastic nodules varied greatly, from a few to more than a hundred. Most nodules were located at the level of the original synovial surface or in the pedunculated prominences. Histochemically, two types of nodules were found and in about equal numbers. Connective tissue invasion, calcification and ossification were the most frequent changes; whereas cystic degeneration, which has not been described before, was the rarest. Only one of the cases showed all the different changes, and these within a considerable number of the nodules. Variation of the chondroid cells and their nuclei was considered as an expression of degenerative changes, and mitoses were not found. Two of the cases had a tumor-like accumulation of metaplastic nodules. PMID- 6516844 TI - Further studies of intestinal heterotopia in urethral caruncle. AB - Colonic mucosa-like intestinal heterotopia in a urethral caruncle is reported in a 2 yr 7 mth old girl and three women; 55, 71 and 78 yrs old. The occurrence of the anomaly in a child supports the first two author's earlier suggestion that the condition is congenital in nature. In princip this could also be the case in post-menopausal women, although the possibility of metaplasia must also be considered. Perhaps the condition could be a precursor of some adenocarcinomas of the distal urethra. PMID- 6516845 TI - DNA flow cytometry in primary breast carcinoma. AB - DNA Flow cytometric values were recorded in 66 primary breast carcinomas. Twenty six tumors were found to be diploid whereas 40 were non-diploid. About 10% of the cells belonged to the S-phase fraction. Non-diploid tumors had significantly larger S-cell fractions (greater than 10%) than diploid ones. High tumor ploidy correlated positively with high clinical stage (stage I versus stage greater than or equal to II) and with high histological grade but was unrelated to estrogen receptor content and menopausal status. PMID- 6516846 TI - Comparative investigations of Pasteurella haemolytica sensu stricto and so-called P. haemolytica isolated from different pathological lesions in pigs. AB - During the present investigation evidence was obtained to indicate that porcine Pasteurella haemolytica-like strains were sufficiently different from P. haemolytica sensu stricto to constitute a new taxon within the family Pasteurellaceae Pohl 1981. Thirteen strains formed a homogenous group tentatively designated taxon 15. The final taxonomical position of taxon 15, however, has to await further taxonomical investigations, including determinations of mol% G+C in DNA and DNA: DNA hybridizations. A species name has not been suggested, for the same reasons. PMID- 6516847 TI - Administration route and splenectomy effects on resistance to pneumococci in rats. AB - Normal and splenectomized rats were challenged with Streptococcus pneumoniae type 1 via different administration routes. In experiment I, previously splenectomized or sham-operated rats received 4 X 10(3) colony-forming units (CFU) of pneumococci via (i) a peripheral vein, (ii) subcutaneously, or (iii) intraperitoneally. The results indicated an increased susceptibility of the splenectomized animal to pneumococci administered via all three routes. However, subcutaneously administered pneumococci gave a lower mortality than pneumococci given intravenously or intraperitoneally. In experiment II 40 splenectomized rats received 4 X 10(3) CFU of pneumococci via (i) peripheral, (ii) portal, or (iii) caval veins or the aorta. No differences in mortality were found. In experiment III, non-operated animals received 4 X 10(5) CFU of pneumococci either intravenously or intraperitoneally, resulting in mortality rates of 0/20 and 17/20, respectively. After 2 weeks the rats surviving intravenous challenge received 4 X 10(5) CFU of pneumococci intraperitoneally; all survived. The data indicate the the spleen and the subcutis have a greater capacity to protect against pneumococci in the absence of specific antibody than the peritoneum or the circulation outside the spleen. PMID- 6516848 TI - The bacteriology of endocarditis in slaughter pigs. AB - Streptococcus suis was isolated from 11 (10 per cent) out of 107 cases of endocarditis in slaughter pigs from which bacteria of any kind were isolated. Seven of the isolates belonged to the capsular serotypes 1, 2 and 1/2. Four were non-typable owing to lack of capsule. The organism isolated most often was Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae, which was found in 68 (64 per cent) cases. PMID- 6516849 TI - Intestinal water-soluble mucins in germfree, exgermfree and conventional animals. AB - Water-soluble intestinal mucins were investigated in germfree (GF), exgermfree (EXG) and conventional (CONV) rats and in GF and CONV mice. After agar gel electrophoresis, all GF animals had similar specific band patterns demonstrated by PAS and Toluidine Blue. These patterns, never seen in CONV animals, disappeared in GF animals infected either with intestinal contents from CONV rats or mono-infected with a mucin converting microorganism, labelled Peptostreptococcus N. The intestinal microflora seem to have a profound influence on the water-soluble mucins, and specific microorganisms appear to be involved in the conversion of these substances. Any CONV animal with a GF mucin pattern in the faeces must be considered to have a disturbance of the normal intestinal microflora. PMID- 6516850 TI - Antibodies to Staphylococcus aureus peptidoglycan and lipoteichoic acid in sera from blood donors and patients with staphylococcal infections. AB - An enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) was used to detect antibodies in human sera to Staphylococcus aureus peptidoglycan (PG) and lipoteichoic acid (LTA). All the sera from the blood donors contained IgG antibodies to both substances. Among the sera from 34 patients with bacteriologically verified, serious S. aureus infections, 71 per cent contained significantly elevated levels of anti-PG antibodies and 76 per cent of anti-LTA antibodies. Among the sera from 38 patients with suspected but not bacteriologically verified staphylococcal infections, 58 per cent contained significantly elevated levels of anti-PG antibodies and 74 per cent of anti-LTA antibodies. The levels of antibodies to PG correlated well with the levels of antibodies to LTA, but the latter occurred over a broader range in the patient sera. Elevated antibody values were, however, also found in some patients with serious, non-staphylococcal infections. The diagnostic value of PG and LTA antibodies has to be further investigated. PMID- 6516851 TI - A general theory for the precipitin reaction--based on Fc-mediated precipitation. AB - Fc-mediated immune precipitation is studied theoretically by computer simulation of precipitin curves and of zonal profiles of soluble immune complexes. Comparison with experiments indicates that Fc-mediated immune precipitation is caused by Fc-Fc interactions with association constants ranging from 10(5) to 10(7) liters/mole. The Langmuir adsorption isotherm is used for evaluation of these interactions. A general theory for the precipitin reaction is formulated, assuming it to be a three-stage process: 1st stage Formation of immune complexes, 2nd stage Precipitation due to coalescence of antibody-rich immune complexes, and 3rd stage Fc-mediated immune precipitation. PMID- 6516852 TI - Tumor growth inhibition by protein A and non-protein A containing Staphylococcus aureus in a mouse mammary carcinoma model. AB - Reinfusion of tumor-bearer plasma after absorption with killed Staphylococcus aureus strain Cowan I may be followed by inhibition or even acute necrosis of animal and human tumors. The effect has been attributed to protein A produced in large amounts by this staphylococcus. We have examined the effect upon the growth of a transplanted GR mouse mammary tumor of intraperitoneal inoculation of three strains of S. aureus characterized by being either protein A-rich or protein A free. A significant tumor growth inhibition was found with all three strains of S. aureus. Serum levels of IgG1, IgG2 and IgM were found to be substantially increased. Crossed immunoelectrophoresis revealed increased numbers and titres of precipitins against staphylococcal antigens. It is concluded that staphylococcal moieties other than protein A may be involved in the tumor growth inhibition. The possibility and role of complement activation by protein A-like molecules through the alternative F(ab)2 reactivity is discussed. PMID- 6516853 TI - Dissociation between cytostatic and cytolytic activity of human monocytes towards K-562 cells. AB - The cytolytic and cytostatic activities of human monocytes towards K-562 cells were compared by determining release of 3H-thymidine and DNA synthesis rate (i.e. thymidine incorporation), respectively. The inter-individual variations were substantial, with significant correlation between cytostasis and cytolysis in the entire experimental material (26 blood donors), but not in monocytes kept in vitro for 90 min or 1 day before the start of assay. A significant level of correlation between cytolysis and cytostasis was observed in monocytes kept in vitro for 4 days before assay (coefficient of correlation = 0.7). The low degree of correlation at each test-time-point prohibits the prediction of cytostatic capability of human monocytes in individual experiments from determination of monocyte-mediated target cell lysis. PMID- 6516854 TI - Methylprednisolone pulse therapy induced fall in natural killer cell activity in rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Natural killer (NK) cell activity was studied in 8 patients with classic or definite rheumatoid arthritis (RA) by investigating the killing of K 562 cells by peripheral blood lymphocytes before, during, and after intravenous methylprednisolone pulse therapy (MPPT). MPPT produced a considerable fall in NK activity and after 3 months NK activity was less than half that before MPPT. PMID- 6516855 TI - Effects of methotrexate, ampicillin and gentamicin alone and in combination on the in vitro locomotion on human polymorphonuclear cells (PMN). AB - The effect of ampicillin 25 mg/ml, gentamicin 5 mg/l and methotrexate 10 & 70 mg/l, alone and in combination, was tested for their influence on human polymorphonuclear cell-locomotion, using zymosan or a bacterial filtrate of E. coli, with or without 0.25 and 0.025 mg/l of ampicillin and gentamicin, respectively, as attractants. Methotrexate and gentamicin alone decreased the locomotion, using zymosan as attractant. No effect was observed using the pure bacterial filtrate. The filtrate containing antibiotics displayed a lower ability to induce locomotion when the leucocytes had been pre-treated with antibiotics alone or in combination with methotrexate but not with methotrexate alone. Aspects of these findings are discussed. PMID- 6516856 TI - Comparative study on ampicillin bioavailability from capsule and suppositories. PMID- 6516857 TI - [Technological processes and effect of adjuvants on the dissolution rate and absorption of some ingredients from tablets. III. Physical properties of sulfadimidine tablets and study of the dissolution rate of the active ingredient]. PMID- 6516858 TI - [Hardness of ethylcellulose microcapsules prepared by the melt-dispersion method]. PMID- 6516859 TI - [Increasing the solubility of spironolactone by the preparation of solid liquids. I. Products prepared by the solvent technic]. PMID- 6516860 TI - [Ointments prepared in pharmacies for the treatment of crural ulcer]. PMID- 6516861 TI - [A new simple method for the determination of choline and its derivatives]. PMID- 6516862 TI - [Mathematical model for the evaluation of the correlation between pressing pressure and the density of tablets]. PMID- 6516863 TI - [Technological processes and the influence of adjuvants on the dissolution rate and absorption of some ingredients from tablets. V. Release and absorption capacity of sulfadimidine]. PMID- 6516864 TI - [Parameters of tablet quality on the basis of mathematical models]. PMID- 6516865 TI - [Increasing the solubility of spironolactone by the preparation of solid liquids. II. Products prepared by spray embedding]. PMID- 6516866 TI - Combined contraceptives in experimental liver damage. PMID- 6516867 TI - Synthesis and preparative liquid chromatographic purification of reference compounds of three metabolites of the vasodilating drug felodipine. PMID- 6516868 TI - Determination of artesunate and dihydroartemisinine in plasma by liquid chromatography with post-column derivatization and UV-detection. PMID- 6516869 TI - Light stability testing of tablets in the Xenotest and the Fadeometer. PMID- 6516870 TI - Structural and mechanical adaptations in rat aorta in response to sustained changes in arterial pressure. AB - Structural and mechanical adaptations in response to sustained changes in arterial pressure were studied on abdominal aorta of the male rat. Two models were used: 1. Aortic ligature (L), immediately below the renal arteries producing hypotension distal to the knot (duration before sacrifice 6 weeks or 3 months). 2. One-clip renal hypertensive rats (H) (duration 6 weeks). Normotensive sham operated rats (C) served as controls. At sacrifice mean tail artery pressure was L: 58 +/- 1, C: 110 +/- 3, and H: 163 +/- 5 mmHg (SE, N=6). Segments of abdominal aorta were mounted in vitro for determination of their length-tension relations (activation: High-K+ solution with 2.5 mM Ca2+). At end of experiments the vessels were supramaximally stimulated at optimal circumference (1o) for active force (activation: High-K+ solution with 10 mM Ca2+, and 10(-5) M noradrenaline), and then fixated for light and electron microscopy. Passive and active length tension relations were shifted towards lower and higher circumference values for hypo- and hypertensive vessels, respectively. The 1o values were L: 3.60 +/- 0.13, C: 4.44 +/- 0.19, and H: 4.91 +/- 0.29 mm. The media thickness at 1o was reduced in L: 56.0 +/- 3.3, and increased in H: 81.3 +/- 2.4 compared to C: 73.4 +/- 1.8 micron. Maximal active wall stress was L: 46.6 +/- 9.8, C: 74.2 +/- 7.0, and H: 83.8 +/- 7.7 mN/mm2. Intracellular volume (ICV) in the media was L: 30 +/- 2, C: 45 +/- 3, and H: 44 +/- 1% (n=4 for each).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6516872 TI - Disulfiram is protective against postischemic cell death in the liver. AB - The effect of the scavenger compound disulfiram (Antabus) on postischemic cell injury was investigated. Rats were subjected to 90 min of liver ischemia and 3 h of reperfusion. The extent of cell injury was evaluated morphologically by a dye exclusion test and a histochemical stain for calcium. It was found that pretreatment with disulfiram significantly reduced the number of injured cells compared to untreated controls. PMID- 6516871 TI - Leg citrate metabolism at rest and during exercise in relation to diet and substrate utilization in man. AB - Previously we have demonstrated a lower rate of carbohydrate utilization in skeletal muscle after a fat than after a carbohydrate rich diet both at rest and during exercise. To test the hypothesis of citrate as a regulator of glycolysis (1) arterial-femoral venous (a-fv) differences for oxygen, citrate, pyruvate and lactate and (2) muscle citrate and glucose-6-phosphate (G-6-P) were determined at rest and after 5 and 25 min of submaximal bicycle exercise. Citrate release and muscle citrate concentration were higher after fat than after carbohydrate diet at rest and 5 min exercise, but did not differ between diets at 25 min exercise. Lactate release and muscle lactate concentration were lower after fat diet at 5 and 25 min exercise. Pyruvate release at 5 min exercise was higher after fat diet. The G-6-P concentration was higher at rest, insignificantly higher after 5 min exercise and lower at 25 min exercise after the fat diet. The findings support the notion that at rest and 5 min exercise fat diet induced inhibition of glycolysis might be mediated through increased intramuscular citrate acting on phosphofructokinase. In addition, the greater pyruvate release at 5 min exercise after fat diet in spite of a smaller lactate release, indicates a decreased pyruvate dehydrogenase activity and/or NADH to NAD ratio after fat diet. The inhibition of glycolysis at 25 min exercise after fat diet on the other hand does not seem to be citrate mediated. PMID- 6516873 TI - Influence of intravenous saline infusion on the aortic baroreceptor and left atrial B-type receptor activity in dogs. AB - Influence of i.v. saline infusion on aortic arch pressure, left atrial mean pressure, heart rate, and the time-related characteristics of aortic arch baroreceptor and left atrial B-type receptor activities were studied in 20 beagle dogs. Saline infusion induced tachycardia in 10 dogs and bradycardia in 10. Aortic arch and left atrial pressures increased in both HR response groups. The average discharge rate of baroreceptors increased in both HR response groups, while the duration of baroreceptor burst, the number of baroreceptor action potentials/heart cycle and the average burst frequency did not increase significantly in the group that responded with tachycardia but increased significantly in the group that responded with bradycardia. The number of left atrial B-type action potentials/heart cycle, the average discharge rate and average burst frequency increased in both HR response groups. We conclude that the duration of baroreceptor burst, baroreceptor average burst frequency and the number of baroreceptor impulses/cardiac cycle are the important parameters eliciting baroreceptor reflex to i.v. saline infusion. PMID- 6516874 TI - Evidence of defective tubuloglomerular feedback control in rats of the Milan hypertensive strain (MHS). PMID- 6516875 TI - Ultrastructure of polymorphonuclear leukocytes in postcapillary venules after exposure to leukotriene B4 in vivo. PMID- 6516876 TI - Kinetic aspects of human platelet monoamine oxidase thermolability. AB - Monoamine oxidase in platelets collected on two different occasions, from twelve apparently healthy subjects, were studied. The influence of human platelet poor plasma (PPP) on MAO thermolability and variation in enzyme activity over time was investigated. A 30-70% reduction of the activity was observed after heat treatment at 52 degrees C for 30 min. Activity of MAO was determined before (C) and after heat treatment (H). No significant differences between the H/C ratios on the two occasions were observed for either Vo, Vmax or Km with or without 10% PPP added to the incubates. A temporal increase of the kinetic parameters was observed. The magnitude of this increase was smaller for vo than for apparent Km and Vmax. Platelet MAO activity regulation by human PPP is discussed. PMID- 6516877 TI - Non-homogeneous blood flow distribution in the rabbit tenuissimus muscle. Differential control of total blood flow and capillary perfusion. AB - Structural and functional relationships underlying the blood flow distribution in the rabbit tenuissimus muscle were examined by means of intravital microscopy. A majority of the main feeding arterioles (transverse arterioles) continued into adjacent connective tissue, after giving off branches (terminal arterioles) within the muscle tissue to supply the muscle capillaries. The transverse arterioles thus supplied two vascular areas, although the major part of the arteriolar flow, under normal resting conditions, was distributed to the muscle capillaries--a flow fraction over which the terminal arterioles exerted ultimate control. The fractional distribution of the blood flow between muscle and connective tissue was determined by the relative contributions of the transverse and terminal arterioles to the vascular resistance. These arteriolar segments showed a differential response to an increase in oxygen availability (elevated ambient pO2), resulting in a total reduction of muscle capillary flow, but no concomitant change in the flow to connective tissue. A decrease in perfusion pressure, on the other hand, led to similar flow changes in the muscle and connective tissue circulation, which was attributed to proportionate resistance changes in the transverse and terminal arterioles. Differences between the larger transverse and smaller terminal arterioles in their sensitivity to various stimuli may form a functional basis for a differential control of arteriolar blood supply and capillary perfusion in this muscle. PMID- 6516878 TI - The influence of tubulo-glomerular feedback on the autoregulation of filtration rate in superficial and deep glomeruli. AB - Single nephron glomerular filtration rate (SNGFR) of superficial and juxtamedullary nephrons were measured at normal and reduced perfusion pressure in the left kidney of young Sprague Dawley rats. Perfusion pressure was lowered by constricting the aorta proximal to the branching of the left renal artery. The influence of the tubulo-glomerular feedback mechanism on SNGFR was quantitated by measuring SNGFR during intact and interrupted urine flow to the macula densa region. By using a modified Hanssen technique, SNGFR was measured under free-flow conditions. In other experiments, the urine flow to the distal nephron was blocked by a micropuncture technique, which was used for collection of the tubular fluid for measuring the filtration rate. All nephron populations autoregulated SNGFR from 70-80 to 130 mmHg, which was the upper limit of this investigation, when urine flow throughout the nephron was intact. The autoregulation in this pressure range was lost when tubular fluid was prevented from reaching the distal nephron. It was shown that the influence of negative feedback on SNGFR by the macula densa mechanism at normal blood pressure is greater in deep nephrons than in superficial ones. PMID- 6516879 TI - Fatigue of voluntary contractions in normal and myasthenic human subjects. AB - The effect of fatigue developed during 96 repeated rapid maximal voluntary finger muscle contractions (MVC), 12 contractions per minute, was followed in 4 control subjects and 4 myasthenic patients. The tension-time integral (T-TI) was determined during either the first 1 or 1.25 s of each contraction. Fatigue decreased the T-TI by 21% in the control subjects and by 65% in the patients. While ordinary MVC showed a slow rate of rise of tension and gradually increasing electromyographic activity, rapid MVC from both groups showed a steep rate of rise of tension, a 'notch' after about 0.3-0.4 s separating two relative maxima and a larger electromyographic activity during the first half second of the contraction. The mechanograms from rapid MVC were divided by an arbitrary straight line connecting the starting pint of the contraction curve and the notch. The line separated an area (N X s) above and to the left (alpha-component) from an area below and to the right (beta-component of the line. Fatigue affected the beta-component selectively in both control subjects and myasthenic patients. Only when the beta-component was reduced by more than 80%, was a reduction of the alpha-component also seen. At any time during a sustained contraction, the patients could briefly increase their instantaneous strength, but for only about one half second. The results suggest that human muscle contractions can be divided into two parts with a different sensitivity to fatigue in both control subjects and myasthenic patients. PMID- 6516880 TI - The effect of indomethacin on the local cerebral blood flow increase induced by somato-sensory stimulation. AB - The local cerebral blood flow in cerebral cortical and subcortical regions of the rat brain was studied with the 14C-iodoantipyrine autoradiographic technique at rest and during strong non-noxious stimulation of the nose. Patterns of local blood flow changes evoked by stimulation with and without pretreatment of indomethacin, a potent cyclooxygenase inhibitor were determined. Stimulation produced a marked heterogeneous enhancement of CBF. Indomethacin did not prevent this effect although the absolute flow levels were considerably lower in indomethacin-treated animals. Indomethacin was especially effective in reducing the cerebral cortical blood flow response to stimulation whereas the subcortical response was much less affected. PMID- 6516881 TI - Site and magnitude of the tubular inhibitory effect of expanding the extracellular volume in dogs. AB - Ethacrynic acid inhibits energy-requiring transcellular NaCl reabsorption without affecting NaHCO3 reabsorption. Acetazolamide inhibits NaHCO3 and most of the remaining NaCl reabsorption in the proximal tubules (bicarbonate-dependent reabsorption) but raises distal transcellular NaCl reabsorption. After administration of both diuretics, the remaining bicarbonate-dependent and transcellular reabsorptions become constant until glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is almost halved. The inhibitory effect of expanding the extracellular volume (ECV) until plasma volume and GFR increased 30-40% was examined in anesthetized dogs. Examinations at comparable GFR obtained by altering arterial perfusion pressure showed that the inhibitory effect of ECV expansion was attenuated by administering acetazolamide. Ethacrynic acid amplified the inhibitory effect which for sodium and chloride reabsorption amounted to 6-7% of the filtered load at comparable GFR. An inhibitory effect of ECV expansion of bicarbonate reabsorption was disclosed only after raising plasma bicarbonate concentration. Thus, the small inhibitory effect of massive ECV expansion is confined to proximal tubular bicarbonate-dependent reabsorption and is of the same magnitude as previously demonstrated in experiments of similar design by raising plasma pH by only 0.07 unit. Since ouabain inhibits transcellular NaCl reabsorption, a natriuretic hormone is more likely to be an inhibitor of carbonic anhydrase than of Na,K-ATPase. PMID- 6516882 TI - Repetitive measurements of intracranial pressure in awake rabbits. AB - Previous measurements of the intracranial pressure in experimental animals suffer from acute and subacute effects of cannulation. In order to obtain reliable, repetitive or continuous values, we measured the intracranial pressures in awake rabbits with a new permanent adjustable ventricular cannula that included a separate entrance to the subarachnoid space. The mean intraventricular pressure ten days after the operation was 5.2 +/- 1.1 mmHg (SD) (70 animals). Manipulation of the cannula system and infusion of artificial cerebrospinal fluid did not damage the blood-brain barrier (indicated by extravasation of Evans Blue). The intracranial pressure was constant for as long as 6 months and as many as 22 separate measurements and infusions. The cerebrospinal fluid cells and protein content did not change in animals with permanent cannulae and in animals perfused with 2-4 ml artificial cerebrospinal fluid. In 30 animals the ventricular cannula functioned for 10-180 (median 65) days and the subarachnoid entrance for 11-23 (median 16) days. PMID- 6516883 TI - Inhibitory effect of pentobarbital anesthesia on venous stasis induced arteriolar vasoconstriction in the dog hindleg. AB - The effect of close intra-arterial administration of pentobarbital in the concentration of about 2 X 10(-4) mol/l on the venous stasis induced arteriolar constriction in the dog hindleg was studied in 6 neurolept anesthetized dogs. It was found that the blood flows and vascular resistances in the legs before pentobarbital infusion were equal and the vasoconstrictor responses to venous stasis were the same. Pentobarbital infusion into the femoral artery in one of the legs increased the total leg blood flow compared to the control leg and abolished the increase in vascular resistance during venous stasis. In another experimental series the effect of general pentobarbital anesthesia on the vasoconstrictor activity in response to venous stasis locally in subcutaneous and muscle tissue in the hind limb was examined in 6 dogs. It was found that during the first 2-3 h of anesthesia the vasoconstrictor response was present in both tissues although the response in muscle tissue exhibited a great variation between the dogs during this period. However, after 4-5 h of anesthesia the response was abolished in both tissues. During neurolept anesthesia with fentanyl/N2O the same vasoconstrictor response was demonstrated in the hindleg 1 h and 5 h after induction of the anesthesia. It is concluded that pentobarbital anesthesia abolishes the arteriolar constriction induced by venous stasis. The mechanism may be blockade of the local sympathetic vasoconstrictor fibres or interference with myogenic vasoconstrictor mechanism of the vascular smooth muscle cells or both. It is suggested that fentanyl/N2O anesthesia is better suited for this kind of studies. PMID- 6516884 TI - Buffer capacity and lactate accumulation in skeletal muscle of trained and untrained men. AB - Buffer capacity (beta) of skeletal muscle has been determined in trained (n = 7) and in sedentary subjects (n = 8). The trained subjects were active in ball games where a high degree of anaerobic energy utilization is required. Percentage fibre type occurrence in the thigh muscle was not significantly different in the two groups. However, there was a tendency towards a higher proportion of type I (slow twitch) fibres (61.5 +/- 11.6% vs. 50.2 +/- 12.5%) and a lower proportion of type IIB fibres (2.1 +/- 3.5% vs 14.1 +/- 16.3%) in the trained subjects. The proportion of the cross-sectional area of the muscle biopsies that was made up of type I or type II fibres was not different in the two groups. All subjects performed an isometric contraction of the knee extensors to fatigue at 61% of their maximal voluntary contraction force. Muscle biopsies were taken from the quadriceps femoris muscle at rest and immediately after contraction. The buffer capacity of muscle was calculated from: beta = (Muscle lactate (work)-Muscle lactate (rest)/(Muscle pH (rest)-Muscle pH (work)). A higher buffer capacity (p less than 0.05) was observed in the trained subjects (beta = 194 +/- 30 mmol X pH 1 X kg-1 dry wt.) compared to the sedentary group (beta = 164 +/- 20) (mean +/- SD). An unexpected finding was that muscle lactate after contraction to fatigue was lower (30%, p less than 0.01) and muscle pH was higher (6.80 +/- 0.06 vs. 6.61 +/- 0.12, p less than 0.01) in the trained subjects than in the sedentary controls.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6516885 TI - Static contraction of the quadriceps muscle in man: cardiovascular control and responses to one-legged strength training. AB - Knee extension strength training of one leg (ST) (120 maximal contractions per day, 5 days per week for 9 weeks) was performed by 9 healthy young men. Before and after ST, biopsies were obtained from the vastus lateralis muscle of each leg and static quadriceps contractions (SQC) lasting 2 min were performed with each leg under control conditions and after combined vagal and beta-adrenergic blockade with atropine and metoprolol. Maximal voluntary contraction strength (MVC) increased more for the trained leg (TL) than for the untrained leg (UTL) but thigh circumferences and muscle fibre diameters gave little evidence for muscle hypertrophy. In pre- vs. post-training comparisons during SQC at the same relative force (40% of MVC) mean blood pressure (MBP), heart rate (HR) and smoothed rectified electromyographic activity were similar for TL and UTL. Similar findings were obtained for MBP after attenuation of the HR response by autonomic blockade, indicating that MBP, per se, was closely linked to the relative force of SQC. Pre- to post-training reductions in MBP and HR during SQC with each leg at an absolute force of 40% of pre-training MVC were likely due to changes in the pattern of motor unit activation. A lower MBP response to SQC and TL than of UTL after training correlated with a greater capillary density and a lower muscle lactate level for TL. PMID- 6516886 TI - Further studies on renal nerve stimulation induced release of noradrenaline and dopamine from the canine kidney in situ. AB - The renal venous outflow of dopamine and noradrenaline were studied in the canine kidney in situ in connection with renal nerve stimulation (RNS). RNS (0.5-4 Hz) caused frequency-dependent increases in the outflow of both catecholamines, which could be detected already at 0.5 Hz. The ratio dopamine/noradrenaline in renal venous plasma (approximately 0.15) was not influenced by varying the RNS parameters but was significantly enhanced (to about 0.25) by pretreatment with guanethidine according to a procedure previously used to demonstrate renal dopaminergic vasodilation. The unstimulated kidney removed conjugated dopamine (which represents 98-99% of the total dopamine in plasma). During RNS the conjugated dopamine outflow to renal venous blood increased, but measurements of conjugated dopamine were less reliable than measurements of free dopamine to assess dopamine release from the kidney. When studying the renal nerve contributions to the renal venous outflow of dopamine and noradrenaline more accurate estimates may be obtained by correcting for the removal of catecholamines delivered to the kidney in arterial plasma. Such corrections were performed with endogenous adrenaline or radiolabelled noradrenaline. The two methods of correction yielded similar results and showed that RNS reduced catecholamine extraction in the kidney. The high ratio of dopamine/noradrenaline in kidney tissue (with a preferential distribution of dopamine to the cortex) and the dopamine outflow to renal venous plasma during RNS support the existence of specific dopaminergic nerves in the dog kidney. PMID- 6516887 TI - Taurine and hypotaurine transport by a single system in cultured neuroblastoma cells. AB - The kinetics of mutual inhibition of taurine and hypotaurine uptake were studied using neuroblastoma C1300 cells as neuronal model. Hypotaurine and GABA inhibited taurine uptake competitively, increasing the apparent Km. High-affinity uptake of hypotaurine was completely abolished and the low-affinity component competitively inhibited by taurine. GABA affected noncompetitively low-affinity hypotaurine uptake, whereas the effect on high-affinity uptake was competitive, with an increase in the apparent Km. All structural analogues tested inhibited taurine and hypotaurine uptakes similarly. The most potent inhibitors were beta-alanine and 2-guanidinoethanesulphonic acid. The mutual inhibition and similar specificity profiles of taurine and hypotaurine uptakes showed that these amino acids employ a single transport system in neuroblastoma cells. Competitive inhibition by GABA of the high-affinity uptake of taurine and hypotaurine further suggests that also GABA uses the same carrier system. PMID- 6516888 TI - Transport of branched-chain amino acids in brain slices of developing and adult rats. AB - The accumulation of labelled leucine, isoleucine and valine by cerebral slices of developing and adult rats was studied. The accumulation increased with age by 15 25%. It was strongly (from 52 to 86%) inhibited by a 100-fold excess of phenylalanine, tryptophan and another branched-chain amino acid, but moderately activated by GABA and glutamate. The inhibitions evoked by leucine and isoleucine were slightly stronger in young than in adult rats. The corresponding 2-oxoacid analogs of leucine, isoleucine and valine were also inhibitory but less effective. The 30-min accumulation of 3H-labelled branched-chain amino acids was ostensibly higher than the increase in their total concentrations in incubated slices, which apparently bespeaks lively homoexchange of endogenous intracellular and labelled extracellular amino acids. PMID- 6516889 TI - Effect of graded 15(R)15 methyl prostaglandin E2 and of indomethacin on the gastric secretory and plasma gastrin response to modified shamfeeding. AB - Vagal stimulation by modified shamfeeding in healthy subjects induced about fourfold increases of gastric outputs of acid, chloride, sodium and potassium. Prior oral 15(R)15 methyl prostaglandin E2 inhibited dose-dependently the peak and total gastric acid response to modified shamfeeding by lowering both the secreted volumes and the acidity. The inhibition by 15 micrograms of the analogue exceeded 50% and the suppression was submaximal by 140 micrograms. Gastric output of chlorides decreased in a dose-related way. The hydrogen ion output was proportionally more reduced than the chlorides. The analogue did not affect the gastric output of sodium. Potassium decreased in a dose-related way. Indomethacin was without effect on the gastric acid response to shamfeeding but reduced the sodium output compared to in controls and in series with the analogue. Plasma gastrin was slightly but significantly elevated by the shamfeeding procedure. This elevation was absent or even reversed by 15(R)15 Me PGE2. No effect was recorded by indomethacin pretreatment. Vagal stimulation augments both the parietal and non-parietal components of the gastric secretion. Low doses of oral 15(R)15 Me PGE2 were effective in suppressing the vagally stimulated acid secretion. Neutralization by the gastric non-parietal secretion can contribute to reduce the acid response. Blocking of the prostaglandin biosynthesis decreased gastric sodium output, suggesting indirectly that endogenous prostaglandins may be involved in modulating the gastric non-parietal secretion. PMID- 6516891 TI - Is there a short-cut? An investigation into the life event interview. AB - Forty-two men and 53 women patients at the Edinburgh Regional Poisoning Treatment Centre were interviewed, usually within 8-12 h of admission. The interview covered life events and difficulties from 6 months before admission. For 43 patients it was in 3 stages: 1) a list of life events and difficulties to be ticked, 2) standard probing questions about each situation ticked, 3) free flowing unstructured interviewing eliciting fuller contextual data about the situations. An independent rater scored the situations after each of the three stages, at each point being blind to information contained in subsequent stages. Four variables were scored designed to indicate the total number of life situations present, the number of situations containing either a long-term threat or personal loss element, an overall threat score and the total number of characteristics (1). The remaining 52 patients had a similar interview but containing an extra stage at the start. In this stage the patients were invited to tell the interviewer about any problems they had had in the last 6 months. Anything volunteered was probed freely before administration of the other three stages. The raters scored all four stages separately. No important differences in results from the two types of interview were found. For individual patients more than 80% of the life situation information found after the final free flow stage had been obtained by the end of the probe stage. Furthermore, the final stage took something between a third and a half the interview time. On the other hand, it was clear that it would be unreasonable to end the interview after either the first free flow or the list stages, and the gain in information from probe to final stage was highly significant and potentially important. For individual life situations 75% underwent no further change in rating after the probe stage. High though this figure is, it would not, in our view, warrant shortening the interview. PMID- 6516890 TI - Mortality in alcoholics related to clinical state at first admission. A study of 537 deaths. AB - The Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital, Lund, is in possession of systematic clinical ratings from 1949 to 1969 based on a multi-dimensional diagnostic schedule. All 1312 first-admitted patients (120 women) from the county who were rated as "chronic alcohol intoxication" were followed up until 31 December, 1980. Of 537 deaths, 495 were male compared with an expected number of 198 in the general population standardized for age and sex (2.5 X), and 42 were female compared with eight expected (5.1 X). The frequency of liver cirrhosis as primary cause of death compared with that of the general mortality was 4.3 times more in men and 60 times more in women. Those who died from liver cirrhosis and alcohol-induced neoplasms were at first admission more often married and had a more continuous drinking pattern than the remaining alcoholics. PMID- 6516892 TI - Tardive akathisia and agitated depression during metoclopramide therapy. AB - The authors describe two cases of tardive akathisia following metoclopramide therapy, in which there were concomitant symptoms of agitated depression. PMID- 6516893 TI - High urinary norepinephrine excretion in major depressive disorders: effects of a new type of MAO inhibitor (Moclobemide, RO 11-1163). AB - The urinary excretion rates of norepinephrine were assayed in 26 patients diagnosed as major depressive disorders (primary, unipolar), before and after 14 days of treatment with the monoamine oxidase inhibitor Moclobemide (Ro 11-1163). A standardized 1-h urine collection procedure was used and norepinephrine was assayed by liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. Norepinephrine was found significantly increased in depressed patients when compared with a control population. The psychotic patients showed the highest excretion rates although they were not significantly different from the endogenous (non psychotic) group. Urinary norepinephrine output significantly decreased after 14 days of treatment with Moclobemide. This decrease was also marked in those patients that did not show any therapeutic effect. A clear antidepressant effect, shown by a significant decrease of the Hamilton Scale scores for depression, was apparent as early as the 7th day. Increased norepinephrine in melancholic patients was taken as a presumptive indication of altered sympathetic activity. PMID- 6516895 TI - Seven year follow-up of 300 young drug abusers. AB - 300 young morphine addicts in Copenhagen were personally followed up 7 years after their first referral for treatment. The tracking rate was 93.7%. Of the original population, approximately 2% died yearly, i.e. 16%. Each year 5-6% ceased drug abuse, and in 1980, 39% were characterized as being socially well adjusted. In all, 20% remained heavy drug users, though some had changed to other drugs. PMID- 6516894 TI - Anorexia nervosa in males. A comparative study of 107 cases reported in the literature (1970 to 1980). AB - The relatively small number of male anorexia nervosa patients is often used as an excuse for the scarce literature on this subject. An exhaustive review of the literature (1970 to 1980), searching for case reports, yielded information about 107 males described as having anorexia nervosa. According to current criteria, the diagnosis was well documented in 37 patients. Data on the clinical picture and the social background were analysed and compared with a sample of 148 female anorectics. It was found that from the clinical point of view anorexia nervosa is strikingly similar in both sexes. A cluster analysis revealed that three subgroups might be distinguished in male cases: a '(pre)pubertal' variant, a 'lower class', and a 'middle class' variant. It is concluded that male patients should be involved in any future research on this syndrome. PMID- 6516896 TI - Fragile X-chromosome among child psychiatric patients with disturbances of language and social relationships. A pilot study. AB - Twenty-three child psychiatric patients with severe disturbances in language development and social relatedness were investigated for occurrence of fragile X chromosomes (fra(X] and other chromosome abnormalities. One boy with fra(X) was found. He presented a characteristic infantile autistic syndrome. PMID- 6516897 TI - Metabolism of L-cysteine in rats fed low and high protein diets. AB - L-Cysteine (5.0 mmol per kg of body weight) was intraperitoneally injected into rats fed a 25% casein or 5% casein diet. Concentrations of acidic and neutral amino acids in various tissues were determined 2 h later. In the rats fed the 25% casein diet there was a tendency for tissue amino acid and glutathione levels to be slightly lower than controls. In the 5% casein diet group, however, concentrations of tissue amino acids and glutathione generally increased after L cysteine administration. S-(2-Hydroxy-2-carboxyethylthio)cysteine (HCETC,3 mercaptolactate-cysteine disulfide), though in trace amounts, was detected in kidney and blood plasma in the 5% casein diet group. Increases in cysteine glutathione disulfide in liver, kidney and erythrocytes in the 5% casein diet group were considerable. These results indicate that L-cysteine was rapidly metabolized in the 25% casein diet group through the oxidative pathway, while in the 5% casein diet group, in which liver cysteine dioxygenase activity is supposed to be quite low, the oxidative metabolism of L-cysteine decreased and part of the L-cysteine was metabolized through the transaminative pathway. Administration of 15.0 mmol L-cysteine per kg of body weight to rats fed the 25% casein diet resulted in an increase in cysteine-glutathione disulfide in liver, kidney and erythrocytes, and the appearance of HCETC in blood plasma.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6516898 TI - Prevention of methionine and ammonia-induced coma by intravenous infusion of a branched chain amino acid solution to rats with liver injury. AB - The prevention of hepatic encephalopathy by the intravenous infusion of a branched chain amino acid (BCAA)-enriched solution was investigated in methionine and ammonium acetate-treated rats whose liver was already injured with carbon tetrachloride. A BCAA-enriched solution protected the rats from entering a coma. The brain BCAA contents became higher, and the brain methionine and tyrosine levels and the ratio of glutamine to glutamic acid in the brain diminished after administering the BCAA-enriched solution. PMID- 6516899 TI - [Infertility of immunologic causes]. PMID- 6516900 TI - Eosinophilia in chronic dialysis patients. PMID- 6516901 TI - [Choroid plexus in Schistosoma mansoni schistosomiasis. Relation of the proteic deposits to the presence of associated glomerulonephritis]. PMID- 6516902 TI - [Calcitonin: therapeutic update]. PMID- 6516903 TI - Are we overtreating hypertension? PMID- 6516904 TI - Sodium elimination rate and blood pressure during normal and high salt intake in subjects with and without familial predisposition to hypertension. AB - We have assessed the elimination rate of 22Na (ER-22Na), total exchangeable sodium (NaE), blood pressure, plasma volume (PV), haematocrit, urinary noradrenaline (U-NA) and urinary 3-methoxy-4-hydroxymandelic acid (U-VMA) in normotensive men with (n = 17) and without (n = 15) familial predisposition to hypertension. All measurements were done during habitual salt intake and after four weeks of increased salt intake (ordinary intake + 12 g NaCl/daily). On ordinary salt intake, ER-22Na, NaE, blood pressure, PV, haematocrit, U-NA and U VMA did not differ between the groups thus indicating a normal sodium turnover in both groups and a comparable activity of the sympathetic nervous system. After 10 days of high salt intake those without familial predisposition showed signs of volume expansion and decreased sympathetic activity and those with such predisposition showed insignificant changes in the same direction. After four weeks of increased salt intake, ER-22Na had increased significantly and equally in both groups, while blood pressure and NaE remained unchanged. This indicates that the predisposed individuals had a normal ability to cope with a prolonged increase in salt intake. PMID- 6516905 TI - Urinary catecholamine metabolites in borderline and established hypertension. Relationship to body composition. AB - The urinary excretion of catecholamine metabolites was studied by means of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in 38 hypertensive patients on a moderately sodium-restricted diet during hospitalization. Twenty-four patients had established hypertension (EHT) and 14 borderline hypertension (BHT) with mean basal morning blood pressures of 155 +/- 14/101 +/- 8 and 132 +/- 9/87 +/- 4 mmHg, respectively. In these two groups of hypertensive patients the mean daily excretion of 4-hydroxy-3-methoxymandelic acid (VMA) was 13.3 +/- 5.9 vs. 14.0 +/- 6.3 nmol/ml and of 4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenylglycol (HMPG) 7.8 +/- 4.1 vs. 7.0 +/ 3.9 nmol/ml. These concentrations were not significantly different from the corresponding values of 18 normotensive control persons (mean ambulatory blood pressure 121 +/- 10/74 +/- 9 mmHg, VMA 12.3 +/- 5.5 nmol/ml, HMPG 9.6 +/- 3.9 nmol/ml). The normotensive individuals excreted 23.7 +/- 8.9 nmol/ml of homovanillic acid (HVA), while the two groups of hypertensive patients showed significantly lower HVA excretion, EHT 17.6 +/- 6.2 nmol/ml and BHT 16.1 +/- 5.9 nmol/ml (p less than 0.05). Our findings support the view that no generalized increase in sympathetic activity exists in EHT or BHT. In BHT, but not in EHT, there were correlations between catecholamine metabolite excretion and body weight. The biological significance of the lower HVA concentrations in hypertensive patients compared to control individuals is not clear. PMID- 6516906 TI - Five-year follow-up of ECG aberrations, latent coronary heart disease and cardiopulmonary fitness in various age groups of Norwegian cross-country skiers. AB - A cross-sectional sample of 122 middle-aged and elderly long-time active, well trained male cross-country skiers were studied in 1976 to assess the prevalence of possible latent coronary heart disease (CHD). One hundred and seventeen skiers were reexamined five years later to assess the prognostic significance of a number of ECG aberrations encountered in 1976, and to assess the CHD incidence among athletes. One had died and four did not participate in the restudy, but none of these five men had had cardiac disease. The findings at the time of the two surveys were remarkably similar. All had excellent physical performance and a stable life habit pattern. Only three had given up regular training in the observation period. There was a very high prevalence of sinus bradycardia, first degree AV blocks, left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) and incomplete right bundle branch block. Pathologic exercise ECGs were found on both occasions. Of 23 men with "pathologic" exercise ECG, 21 had LVH. Five had codable Q waves according to the Minnesota code, but none had symptoms of CHD. Two developed angina pectoris during the follow-up and none had had myocardial infarction. It is concluded that the large number of ECG aberrations found in middle-aged and elderly athletes are mainly related to physiological adaptation to training and that training seems to protect against CHD. PMID- 6516907 TI - Prevalence of mitral valve prolapse in younger patients with cerebral ischaemic attacks. A blinded controlled study. AB - The association between cerebral ischaemic attacks (CIA) and mitral valve prolapse (MVP) was investigated in a blinded study of 30 consecutive patients with cerebrovascular disease and 30 control patients matched by age, sex, and immediately apparent neurological signs. All patients were below the age of 40 years. Phonocardiography, motion-mode and two-dimensional echocardiography were performed at rest and during various manoeuvres. MVP demonstrated by all three diagnostic modalities was classified as definite and prolapse in at least one but not in all three tests were designated as ambiguous. Regarding the frequency of definite MVP, no statistically significant difference was demonstrated between patients with CIA (3%) and controls (0%). Ambiguous MVP was rather common in patients with cerebrovascular disease (13%) but equally frequent in control patients (20%). It is concluded that MVP does not appear particularly common in Northern Europe in younger patients with cerebral ischaemic events. PMID- 6516908 TI - Microsomal esterification of retinol in human liver. AB - Recent work has shown that esterification of retinol in microsomes from rat liver, mammary gland and small intestine and from human small intestine is catalyzed by an acyl CoA: retinol acyl transferase (ARAT). The current study demonstrates ARAT activity in human liver microsomes. At optimal incubation conditions the rate of retinyl ester formation due to ARAT (0.37 +/- 0.31 nmole ester formed X mg microsomal protein-1 X minute-1, mean +/- SD, n = 6) suggests that the enzyme is of physiological importance. PMID- 6516909 TI - Glycolate causes the acidosis in ethylene glycol poisoning and is effectively removed by hemodialysis. AB - Six male patients with severe ethylene glycol poisoning were studied with respect to the origin of the metabolic acidosis. The plasma concentrations of ethylene glycol were 4-41 mmol/l and treatment included alkali, ethanol and hemodialysis. Plasma analysis by isotachophoresis and whole blood lactate determinations showed that glycolate (17.0-29.3 mmol/l), lactate (1.4-6.2 mmol/l) and beta hydroxybutyrate (less than or equal to 1.8 mmol/l) were present in elevated concentrations contributing to the acidosis. Oxalate (less than or equal to 0.33 mmol/l), glyoxylate (less than 0.2 mmol/l) and formate (less than 0.4 mmol/l) concentrations were negligible and did not contribute to any significant degree to the acidosis. The elevated plasma glycolate concentration was highly correlated to the anion gap (r = 0.923) and the glycolate made up for 96.1% (n = 6, range 84.7-108.8) of the increased anion gap. We conclude that glycolate accumulation is the main reason for the metabolic acidosis in ethylene glycol poisoning. The mean dialysator (1.6 m2) clearances of glycolate at a blood flow of 200 ml/min in two patients were 137 ml/min (n = 9, SD +/- 8, range 125-149) and 144 ml/min (n = 11, SD +/- 8, range 133-158). By applying first order kinetics during hemodialysis a volume of distribution of glycolate of 0.55 l/kg was found, assuming that the dialysator clearance equals the total body clearance of glycolate. Thus glycolate, the probable main metabolite of ethylene glycol, is efficiently removed by hemodialysis. PMID- 6516910 TI - Visual disturbances and occipital brain infarct following acute, transient hypotension in hypertensive patients. AB - In four hypertensive patients, acute lowering of blood pressure by therapeutic or diagnostic procedures caused visual disturbances ranging from transient visual hallucinations to severe, long-lasting visual impairment. These symptoms were associated with occipital lobe cerebral infarcts that tended to occur in the border zones between the major cerebral arteries. The infarcts may be seen as the combined result of a "watershed" effect during acute hypotension and the presence of structural hypertensive vascular adaptation. When a hypertensive patient complains of visual disturbances during acute blood pressure lowering, the pressure should be allowed to settle at a level somewhat above normal. PMID- 6516911 TI - Treatment of oral theophylline poisoning. AB - Two patients, 15 and 20 years old, were admitted after an overdose of theophylline in a slow-release preparation. The gradual occurrence of clinical symptoms reflected the slow gastrointestinal absorption of the drug, and therefore active treatment was not started until 10 and 12 hours after intake, respectively. Peak s-concentrations were 275 and 1295 mumol/l, respectively. One patient was treated with hemoperfusion only, whereas the more severely intoxicated patient was treated with combined hemoperfusion and hemodialysis. Only about 0.2 g theophylline was eliminated by hemodialysis in this patient compared to a calculated amount of 6.9 g by hemoperfusion. Severely theophylline intoxicated patients should be treated with supportive therapy and hemoperfusion. PMID- 6516912 TI - Mycoplasmal pneumonia associated with mesangiocapillary glomerulonephritis type II (dense deposit disease). AB - A 20-year-old man developed pneumonia and glomerulonephritis concomitantly with significantly rising Mycoplasma pneumoniae complement-fixing antibody titres. Renal biopsy showed mesangiocapillary glomerulonephritis type II (dense deposit disease). Attempts to demonstrate mycoplasmal antigen in the glomeruli failed. This is the third of five previously reported cases of glomerulonephritis associated with Mycoplasma pneumoniae and exhibiting dense deposit disease. PMID- 6516913 TI - Paroxysmal dysarthria and Raynaud's phenomenon in the tongue. AB - Three patients suffering from systemic scleroderma and Raynaud's phenomenon in the digits as well as the tongue are reported. Following exposure to cold, a vasospasm was observed in the digits and the tongue accompanied by severe dysarthria. These striking oral symptoms had been overlooked for years in the medical ward. It is recommended to question all patients with Raynaud's phenomenon about visceral manifestations during the digital attacks. PMID- 6516914 TI - Cranial postnatal growth of the rat relative to environmental variance. AB - Neurocranial growth during the first 40 days of postnatal development was biometrically investigated relative to the specific parameters of calvarium length and width; basioccipital length and width; basisphenoid length; biparietal width; frontal bone length and cranial vault length. Specimens were obtained from rat litters subject to moderate nutritional suppression by raising the litter numbers above the norm via the cross-fostering technique and causing the overtaxing of the lactational capacity. Alterations in growth rate occurred throughout the pre- and postweaning periods with clearly demarcated phases of growth. Male and female growth in the preweaning period was uniform within each litter type but the phasic growth changes in the experimental litters differed from the control litters with regression line breakage emerging at different points and altering the phasic lengths. The preweaning phasic spectrum in both control and experimental litters was evidently linked to the maternal lactation capacity--relative to quantity and duration. Weaning was insidious in both litter types but occurred earlier in the experimental litters although the continuity of growth was maintained up to the end of the definitive preweaning period (day 20). The definitive postweaning period (day 21-40) showed considerable heterogeneity- unsatisfactory scatter--with differing regression line breakage points and phasic lengths. Analysis based on the total period (day 1-40) brought compensatory adjustments and indicated more acceptable phasic patterns in the postweaning period with confirmation of catch-up growth in the experimental litters. Allometric analysis of the parameters revealed varying rates of growth, line breakage points and differing phasic lengths indicating that each neurocranial parameter and the skeletal unit forming it had an individual characteristic response spectrum mostly attributable to the functional matrix with emphasis on the capsular rather than the periosteal. PMID- 6516915 TI - Metamorphic changes in the hindgut of Sarcophaga ruficornis with special reference to the development of rectal pads. AB - In Sarcophaga ruficornis, during normal metamorphosis the larval hindgut epithelium degenerates and the imaginal hindgut epithelium is formed from the proliferation and differentiation of the cells of the posterior imaginal ring. The newly formed hindgut becomes slightly dilated posteriorly to form the rectal pouch. At four places in this pouch, the epithelium becomes thick and forms the primordia of the rectal pads. The cells in the primordia begin to divide and project into the lumen of the pouch and later form the cortex cells of the rectal pads. The cavity of the primordia becomes filled with blood cells and fibrous material, which give rise to the medulla of the rectal pads. PMID- 6516916 TI - The number of sarcomeres and architecture of the M. gastrocnemius of the rat. AB - The aim of this study was to investigate the number of sarcomeres of different regions (proximal, intermediate and distal third) of the M. gastrocnemius of the rat and compare them with in vivo measurements of the length of the most proximal and distal muscle bundles. These lengths were measured with the aid of dividers at the muscle resting length. The number of sarcomeres was calculated from the length of fibres (measured at 20 times enlargement) tested from HNO3-treated muscle and the average sarcomere length (determined from 80 microns samples taken along the fibres every 800 microns). Ten fibres were isolated from each of three regions of six muscles. All muscles showed the smallest number of sarcomeres in the proximal region of the muscle and increasingly higher numbers in the intermediate and distal parts. The number of sarcomeres in the proximal region is significantly (p less than 0.01) smaller than that of the distal region. These results agree with the results of in vivo length measurements of the most proximal and distal bundles (resp. 31 and 36% of the muscle resting length), the former being significantly (p less than .01) smaller. As there is no significant difference (p less than 0.01) in the length of the treated fibres of the three regions it is concluded that HNO3 treatment does affect the fibres of the muscle in the different regions in a non uniform fashion. PMID- 6516917 TI - Status of vision following surgical treatment of craniopharyngiomas. AB - The authors report visual results in a series of 42 patients with craniopharyngiomas. Visual abnormalities were present in 91% of the children and in 83% of the adults. Total removal was achieved in 16 patients with 3 postoperative deaths and subtotal removal in 26 patients with only one postoperative death. Of the 38 survivors, 63% improved, 26% remained the same and 10% worsened. When analyzing the influence of factors such as age, nature and location of the tumour, extent of removal, surgical approach, use of CT scan facilities and duration and degree of the deficit in the 31 survivors with preoperative visual impairment, it became apparent that only the duration and degree of preoperative visual deficit had a significant influence the outcome. The authors discuss also the suggestion that a conservative attitude may be associated with better visual results. PMID- 6516918 TI - Clinical pathology of malignant meningiomas. AB - Nineteen cases of malignant meningiomas-seven haemangiopericytic, two papillary and ten of the anaplastic type-were examined clinicopathologically. These were ten male and nine female patients and eleven of these received reoperation for recurrence. Tumours of the hemangiopericytic type had similar angiographic and macrooscopic features and malignant characteristics were found microscopically in some tumours. There were intratumoral cysts in both cases of the papillary type and these tumours had a high cellularity, an increased number of mitosis, haemorrhage and partially haemangiopericytic patterns. Six cases of the anaplastic type had changed from a benign type at recurrence and those tumours had variable features radiographically and macroscopically. Lack of typical arrangement, a large number of mitoses, increased cellularity, focal necrosis, brain infiltration, pleomorphism and anaplasia were found histologically. Four cases of the anaplastic type were diagnosed at the first operation and these tumours had apparently similar angiographic and macroscopic features, but with variable organoid structures and malignant forms, microscopically. Electron microscopic features are also described. In malignant meningiomas, the recurrence rate was high even in cases of total removal. The outcome for these patients was good in the papillary type, relatively good in the haemangiopericytic type and poor in the anaplastic type. From these results therapeutic indications are also suggested. PMID- 6516919 TI - Massive osteolysis of the skull: long-term follow-up observations after cranioplasty. Report of two cases. AB - Two cases of massive osteolysis involving the cranial vault are presented. Unlike disappearing bones in other regions, it is vital to protect the brain from injury by performing cranioplasty once the bone loss has reached a reasonable extent. This appears to be the first report on surgical management in massive osteolysis of the skull. Long term follow-up results are given. The diagnosis and differentiation from related conditions are discussed. PMID- 6516920 TI - Characteristic findings of metrizamide CT cisternography in epidermoids. AB - The characteristic findings of metrizamide CT cisternography in two cases of epidermoid are reported. The main finding was a "cauliflower-like" appearance and was thought to be caused by the irregular interstices of epidermoids. Metrizamide CT cisternography may be helpful in making a diagnosis of an epidermoid. PMID- 6516921 TI - Radiculography with reduced amounts of contrast medium. AB - Because of the frequency and seriousness of side effects observed after radiculography, due to, among the other things, the amount of contrast medium, the authors describe a method that gives diagnostically satisfactory results using a low dose of contrast and a tangent-beam technique. Among 106 patients undergoing radiculography with a tangent-beam technique and Iopamidol, only 4 developed mild side effects, namely headache in three cases and headache with nausea in one. PMID- 6516923 TI - [Rescue of the soul]. PMID- 6516922 TI - Complete removal of holocord subependymoma. Case report. AB - We describe here a case of holocord subependymoma in an adolescent patient, completely removed with two surgical procedures. We discuss the histological features, the diagnostic difficulties and the surgical techniques used in this case. PMID- 6516924 TI - [Prevalence of tardive dyskinesia in hospitalized chronic psychiatric patients]. PMID- 6516925 TI - [Study of perceptual defense and aggression in left and right temporal lobe epilepsy]. PMID- 6516926 TI - [Clinical notes: integral neuropsychologic rehabilitation in craniocerebral injuries]. PMID- 6516927 TI - OCTOPUS--a church-based sex education program for teens and parents. AB - OCTOPUS is the acronym for a rural, church-based sex education program for teens and parents. The tentacles symbolize the agencies and individuals involved in this multi-faceted community outreach program designed to promote "Open Communication Regarding Teenagers Or Parents Understanding of Sexuality." Its purpose was to establish a forum for family discussion within a church setting to enhance communication skills, convey factual information, and cultivate the development of a decision-making process to help parents help their teenagers acquire appropriate morals and values. The OCTOPUS program was a team effort comprised of nurses, health educators, and counselors with experience serving adolescents, ministers who sought to integrate religious views with sex education, and church and community members interested in improving dialogue between parents and teenagers about sexuality. The team developed a comprehensive yet flexible program that could be modified to meet each church's preferences. Generally, the topics were arranged into four two-hour sessions. Presentation methods included a combination of lectures, films, and pamphlets. Large and small group discussions were used for clarification and communication skills development. While the results of this program were not quantifiable, feedback from four churches and one-hundred participants has been highly favorable. PMID- 6516928 TI - An exploratory study of life-change events, social support and pregnancy decisions in adolescents. AB - This exploratory, descriptive study investigated the relationship of life-change events and family and social support to decision making in pregnant adolescents. The convenience sample consisted of 43 subjects aged 14 to 18 years coming to two midwestern clinics for pregnancy testing. Instruments were the Adolescent Life Change Event Questionnaire and the Demographic and Social Support Questionnaire. Data analysis involved three groups: continue the pregnancy (N = 30); abort (N = 9); and undecided (N = 4). Kruskal-Wallis one-way analysis of variance by ranks was used to test for differences between groups on overall life-change unit (LCU) scores and social support scores. Chi square, Fisher Exact Tests and step method multiple discriminant analysis were used to determine if specific life changes were more associated with particular outcome decisions. While not statistically significant, the overall LCU scores were higher and the social support scores lower for the continue group than for the abortion group. Subjects in the abortion group were younger, more likely to have experienced "getting grounded," and more involved in school and social activities. More subjects in the continue group reported personal and family health problems. PMID- 6516930 TI - Achieving sex education program outcomes: points of view from students and alumni. AB - Several inherent limitations to secondary school sex education program evaluations are: limited generalizability, lack of longitudinal research, and no clear consensus of program outcomes. With a Bureau of Health Education, Center for Disease Control study as the criterion for program outcomes, a study was undertaken to examine the immediate and long-term impact of sex education upon program participants. Two of the 20 schools in the CDC study identified as having exemplary sex education programs provided access to their students and alumni. Inventories which measured perceived achievement of 33 sex education outcomes were piloted for reliability and validity. Each inventory examined participant changes in knowledge, understanding of self, values, interaction skills, self esteem, and fear of sex-related activities. Students were surveyed in school; alumni were surveyed through the mail. Response rates ranged from 30 to 100 percent for students and alumni at both schools. Overall there was no statistically significant difference between the perceptions of students and alumni as to achievement of investigated outcomes. Alumni responses at one school did, however, indicate some potentially weak areas of their school's program with respect to values and interaction skills outcomes. It appears that program impact may decrease with time. Thus, isolating and addressing the factors involved may be necessary. This would assist program planners and instructors to strengthen curricula and program activities in order to enhance the overall impact of sex education. The present study supports the notion that positive gains are achieved as a result of each school's sex education program, and these gains remained over time. PMID- 6516929 TI - Perceived mother-daughter relations in a pregnant and nonpregnant adolescent sample. AB - This study investigated the differences in the mother-daughter relationship of pregnant and nonpregnant adolescents. Data were gathered from questionnaires completed by 40 nonpregnant and 20 pregnant adolescents. All respondents were single, secondary school students matched on all demographic variables except grade point average which was significantly lower for the pregnant group. Significant differences in perception of their relationships with their mothers were found on love, attention, and interdependence, with the pregnant group perceiving less of these factors. Findings were in the predicted direction on other factors, but not significantly. The pregnant group perceived less affection, disclosure, and fewer demands; and more rejection and casual rule setting in the relationship. Results of this study support previous research that emphasizes the importance of scholastic achievement and strong parent-child relationships as insulators against premature parenthood. PMID- 6516931 TI - Sexuality education groups in juvenile detention. AB - Several major studies have described the magnitude and character of adolescent sexual activity and sexual knowledge related to contraception and sexually transmitted diseases (Diepold & Young, 1979; Hass, 1979; Sorenson, 1973; Zelnick & Kantner, 1980). Few systematic studies have been conducted, however, which analyze the attitudes toward sexuality and contraception of delinquent adolescents who are generally school dropouts and who may engage in socially unacceptable behaviors such as running away, drug abuse, and prostitution. Delinquent youths, especially delinquent girls, have been characterized as being more sexually active and less sexually knowledgeable than their nondelinquent peers (Gibbon, 1981; Mannarino & Marsh, 1978). Despite the assumed high-risk nature of this delinquent population, few juvenile detention facilities have offered systematically evaluated coeducational sex education programs. One barrier to implementation of such programs in juvenile detention centers is the lack of a treatment or program orientation of most staff, and/or staff denial of adolescent sexuality in general, an attitude which suppresses the development of healthier sexual values and often promotes pathologic sexual interaction within institutions (Shore & Gochros, 1981). A recent survey of adolescent sexuality (Diepold, 1979) points out that teenagers' feelings about their "sexual selves" impacts greatly upon their general self-image. Low self-esteem is more frequently found among delinquents than nondelinquents (Jones & Swain, 1977; Lund & Salury, 1980), and treatment for delinquent girls often focuses on increasing self-esteem and developing assertiveness skills based on feelings of self-worth (DeLange, Lanahan, & Barton, 1981; NiCarthy, 1981). Two studies carried out with juvenile detainees from a large urban center confirmed that sexual activity among delinquent adolescents is significantly greater than that of the general adolescent population, and that the delinquents have little or no knowledge of birth control methods or venereal disease (Deisher, 1980; Schroeder, 1981). Further, these adolescents appear to endorse constricted and conventional values related to sexual activity, abortion, and relationship issues and frequently have a background of sexual abuse and prostitution. These findings form the basis of the current study which attempts to develop an effective coeducational sex education program for this population within a detention facility. This program is specifically designed for a sexually active adolescent group aged 14 to 17. PMID- 6516932 TI - Adolescents' communication styles and learning about birth control. AB - Adolescents have different communication styles for acquiring information about birth control from a mass medium--interactant or noninteractant, depending on whether they involve communication with others in the process of media use. Three interactant styles are identified: a home-oriented style, where communication is primarily with immediate members and friends; a peer-oriented style, where communication is primarily with own-age peers and personal friends; and multi source user, where communication is with more than one cluster of sources and the majority of one's communication is not with any particular source. The noninteractant style identified is a media-oriented style, where the adolescent relies exclusively on the mass media for information acquisition without communicating with anyone about the content or process of learning. Data suggest that the interactant style, especially for the multi-source user, is most beneficial for new learning. Gender and the presence of siblings at home are important moderators of the relationship between communication styles and knowledge of birth control. For example, females with a media-oriented style know more about birth control than females with a home-oriented style. Implications of the findings for the delivery of birth control information to adolescents are discussed. PMID- 6516933 TI - Anorexia nervosa: adolescent starvation by choice. AB - Anorexia nervosa is an eating disorder which affects people of all classes and ages but in particular adolescent girls. The symptoms, characteristics, family, and modes of treatment of the typical anorectic patient are discussed. PMID- 6516934 TI - A summer day camp approach to adolescent weight loss. AB - Twenty-five overweight adolescents completed a summer weight loss day camp program on the Stanford University campus. All participants attended camp four days per week for four hours to learn and practice eating and exercise skills conducive to weight loss. Parents met weekly to discuss the program content and to explore their role in their adolescent's weight management. At posttreatment, reductions were achieved in weight, percent overweight, and skinfold, with greater changes observed for the eight-week group than for the four-week group. Improvements were also evident in participants' self-reported habits and knowledge of weight management concepts. Parent and participant assessment of the camp experience was very positive. The results of the summer weight loss day camp suggest that an intensive program of eating and exercise habit instruction, practice, and monitoring, which allows the participants to remain in the home setting, may provide benefits not found in other more traditional approaches to adolescent weight loss. PMID- 6516935 TI - Rational-emotive therapy and the reduction of interpersonal anxiety in junior high school students. AB - This study evaluated the effectiveness of rational-emotive therapy and rational emotive imagery. Fifty-nine junior high school students who volunteered to participate in treatment for interpersonal anxiety were randomly assigned to rational-emotive therapy without imagery (RET), rational-emotive therapy with imagery (REI), relationship-oriented counseling (ROC), and waiting-list control (WLC) groups. Groups met for seven 50-minute treatment sessions during a three week period. Assessments were conducted at pretreatment, posttreatment, and three week follow-up. Both self-report and sociometric measures were used to evaluate treatment outcome. At postassessment, both the RET and REI groups were rated on sociometric measures as significantly less interpersonally anxious than the WLC group. Mean scores favored the RET and REI groups, but no significant differences between these groups and the ROC group were obtained. The self-report measure did not significantly differentiate between groups, but the REI group demonstrated significant pre- to follow-up changes. Both the RET and REI groups yielded greater reductions in irrational thinking than did the ROC and WLC groups. In addition, the pattern of the results supported the use of rational-emotive imagery as a component of rational-emotive therapy. The practical implications of these findings are discussed. PMID- 6516936 TI - Shyness: anxious social sensitivity and self-isolating tendency. AB - Based on shyness self-rating, 96 students in grade 10 were divided into shy and non-shy groups to study commonalities and differences between the groups on various aspects of the shyness experience. The shy group had significantly more negative self-ratings on the following items: loneliness, interference of shyness with academic success and with developing friendships, shyness around the opposite sex, and belief in the noticeability of shyness reactions by others. There were no significant group differences in the levels of self-liking and being liked by others. Compared to the non-shy, the shy group reported more negative cognitive reactions during the shyness experience, such as loss of concentration, speech problems, self-consciousness, and self-punitive self-talk. In spite of the shy group's cognitive problems, both groups identified many similar shyness-inducing social situations and physiological and non-verbal reactions. These similarities and differences between the shy and the non-shy seemed to point to their different ways of processing the same shyness experience. A self-alienating tendency at three levels (cognitive, affective, and behavioral), and two phases (primary and secondary) of the shyness experience are discussed as possible contributing factors. Shy students appeared to regard normal shyness as an unacceptable and shameful experience. Implications for therapeutic intervention and future research are discussed, and a new definition is given. PMID- 6516937 TI - Health locus of control and self-esteem as related to adolescent health behavior and intentions. AB - A health behavior and attitudes questionnaire was administered to 246 fifth-grade and 265 sixth-grade students during class time. The questions included 20 children's health locus of control (CHLC) items reported by Parcel and Meyer (1978), 17 children's self-esteem (CSE) items modified from those reported by Coopersmith (1967), and questions concerning past and current behavior and future intentions with respect to cigarette smoking, alcohol use, and marijuana use. The results indicate that the relationships between dimensions of children's health locus of control and self-esteem and their behaviors and intentions are not large enough to suggest that intervention programs directed at the prevention of detrimental health behaviors focus on the enhancement of self-esteem or the internal locus of control. An appropriate test of the efficacy of such an approach requires a longitudinal rather than a cross-sectional study, monitoring changes in the levels of self-esteem and health locus of control and associated changes in health behavior. PMID- 6516938 TI - The role of ethnography in alcoholism and substance abuse: the nature versus nurture controversy. PMID- 6516939 TI - Causal attribution of drinking antecedents in American Indian and Caucasian social drinkers. AB - Sixty-five American Indian and 100 Caucasian college students were tested with Beckman's rating scale for antecedents of drinking. Subjects were social drinkers who had had no previous alcohol-related problems (arrests, accidents, etc.). They were matched on age, education, and drinking history. The scale addresses beliefs about drinking and its related causes--internal and external. Results indicate only one major difference between Indians and Caucasians (alcoholism as an illness was rated higher by Indians), while similarities in rating patterns were found in comparing our college sample to college students from the Los Angeles area tested by Beckman. American Indian college students were significantly different in their causal attribution of drinking problems from white college students in Los Angeles. PMID- 6516941 TI - Women, alcohol, and sexuality. AB - Neither women's sexuality nor their alcohol use has been studied until recently. Research on the relationship between the two has been even more neglected. While the literature has acknowledged that sexual dysfunction and abuse may coexist with women's alcoholism, the possibility that these may predate or lead to excessive alcohol use has not been investigated. This study explores sexual experience, dysfunction, and abuse among 35 alcoholic women and their paired nonalcoholic counterparts. Results suggest that both dysfunction and abuse may precede as well as accompany alcoholism. The findings indicate that issues of sexuality should be included in recovery programs for women because alcohol and sexual experience are linked in most of these alcoholic women's lives. PMID- 6516940 TI - Influence of family and religion on long-term outcomes among opioid addicts. AB - This study investigated whether family, religion, and personal background variables were related to long-term follow-up outcomes after treatment for drug abuse. The sample consisted of 1,174 opioid addicts admitted to community treatment agencies during 1972-1973 and who were relocated and interviewed in 1978-1979. The results indicated that family and personal background variables made unique contributions to the prediction of a follow-up composite outcome (representing drug use, employment, and criminality) and a general well-being measure. Religion variables accounted for significant and unique variance only in the general well-being variable. The results favor the inclusion of family and religion variables in the scientific explanation of long-term follow-up outcomes among opioid addicts. PMID- 6516942 TI - Sex-role values and bias in alcohol treatment personnel. AB - During a two day training workshop with 45 alcohol treatment agency personnel, the impact of sex-role bias on clinical practice with alcoholic clients was examined. More specifically, data were gathered on: 1) client comfort level of surrogate clients as related to perceived sex-role values of treatment personnel; and 2) the impact of patient sex and sex-linked characteristics of presenting problems (whether problems are "typically" male or female, and whether "sex appropriate") on each of the following: perceived importance of client's presenting problems, specificity of the treatment plan to problems presented, and clinician's estimate of client prognosis. The results suggest that sex-role values of treatment personnel influence client comfort, that female clients are seen as having a poorer prognosis than males, and that presenting problems are perceived to be more important if they are sex-appropriate than if they are not sex-appropriate (the least important problems being female problems in a male client). PMID- 6516943 TI - The role of ethnicity in substance abuse. AB - Ethnicity can be a confusing concept. In part, it includes inherited characteristics such as race. Certain other aspects are learned, such as religion, language, attitudes, values, or customs. National origin of oneself or one's kin can be a component of ethnicity. Group affiliation and participation in certain ritual and ceremony are also involved in ethnicity. Substance abuse and dependence may undermine certain aspects of ethnicity and ethnic affiliations, by interfering with traditional values, attitudes, preferred behaviors, and interpersonal relationships. Substance abuse leads to the evolution of new values, attitudes and behaviors. These are remarkably similar (though not identical) from one chemically dependent person to another. In some cases the chemically dependent person remains a social isolate, while in other cases the individual joins with others to create a subculture in which the drug or alcohol centered values, attitudes and behaviors are shared. Treatment for alcoholism or drug abuse--is successful--produces crisis in ethnic identity for many people. Drug centered values and behaviors are directly confronted in the treatment process, and affiliation with alcohol or drug subcultures is specifically undermined. This may create a state of anomie--with its attendant confusion, anxiety, and loss. Out of this turmoil some individuals resume their original, childhood ethnic identities and affiliations (though often more accentuated than before). Others assume new ethnic identities or affiliations. PMID- 6516944 TI - Advances in therapy of diarrheal dehydration: oral rehydration. PMID- 6516945 TI - Cystic diseases of the kidney in children. PMID- 6516947 TI - Acoustic neuroma surgery in Nijmegen. PMID- 6516946 TI - Thalassemia. PMID- 6516948 TI - Complications of acoustic neuroma surgery. PMID- 6516949 TI - Our present approach to acoustic neuroma surgery. PMID- 6516950 TI - Vestibular compensation after acoustic neuroma surgery. PMID- 6516951 TI - Preservation and reconstruction of the facial nerve after translabyrinthine removal of 200 acoustic neuromas. PMID- 6516952 TI - Preservation of hearing by the retrosigmoid approach in acoustic neuroma surgery. PMID- 6516953 TI - Indications for facial nerve surgery. PMID- 6516954 TI - Translabyrinthine cochleovestibular neurectomy. Indications and results. PMID- 6516955 TI - Endoscopic section of the vestibular nerve by transpyramidal retrolabyrinthine approach in Meniere's disease. PMID- 6516956 TI - Anatomy of the skull base and the infratemporal fossa. PMID- 6516957 TI - Audiometry: cochlear versus retrocochlear pathology. PMID- 6516958 TI - New approaches to unusual aneurysms. PMID- 6516959 TI - [Correlation of the body length of newborn infants and paternal body height]. PMID- 6516960 TI - [Anthropometric studies in childhood and adolescence (Weissenfels 1923/1980)--a contribution to the acceleration phenomenon]. PMID- 6516961 TI - [Historical relevance of acceleration research: growth changes in body height in a population of Tell es Sultan/Jericho from the preceramic neolithic era (about 9000-6000 B.C.)]. PMID- 6516962 TI - [Stagnation of the menarche]. PMID- 6516963 TI - [Information help for the care of children with chronic diseases with special reference to written materials]. PMID- 6516964 TI - [Current degree of care of children and adolescents with chronic nonspecific diseases of the respiratory system (CNSRD)]. PMID- 6516965 TI - [Incidence of otitis in children and its significance for the pediatrician]. PMID- 6516966 TI - [Examinations of education applicants from the viewpoint of the pediatrician]. PMID- 6516967 TI - The fat nose. AB - The "fat" or sebaceous nose,* with its thick, bulky skin filled with prominent sebaceous glands, is often improved surgically only by the use of external excisions of this tissue. The author describes several variations of this technique with representative cases. PMID- 6516968 TI - The prominent nasal tip. AB - The authors associate the projection of the nasal tip to hypertrophy of the alar cartilages and, more specifically, of their medial branches. The heavy, blobby, or bulbous nose is caused by an increase of the columellar-alar angle of the alar cartilages, and bears no relationship to the cephalometric nasal index. Moreover, the bulbous nose usually has excess fatty tissue present in the tip of the nose. The projecting tip may be corrected by excising a rectangular or quadrangular segment from the medial branches of the alar cartilages, or by resecting the cupula of the alar cartilages, including a small or large segment of its medial branch, in order to obtain the desired effect, namely, to lower the tip and decrease the columellar-alar angle. The nasal index remains unchanged. If in addition, the tip of the nose is bulbous, the fatty tissue should be removed at the same time. PMID- 6516969 TI - Rhinoplasty in Egyptians. AB - The diversity of ancestry of the present-day Egyptian people has resulted in a mix of physical features, especially with regard to the nose. Both Caucasian and non-Caucasian characteristics are present, sometimes in the same individual. In performing rhinoplasty, particularly in the non-Caucasian nose, either of two procedures may be used, depending on the height and breadth of the bridge of the nose, both with successful consequences. PMID- 6516970 TI - Single-stage surgical treatment of frontal baldness. AB - Since Lamont first presented his hairflap procedure over 15 years ago for correction of frontal baldness, a number of changes and improvements in the technique have taken place. The author presents a one-stage temporo-parieto occipital flap procedure that has developed from the work of Lamont and Juri. PMID- 6516971 TI - A microcomputer based audit of fracture of the proximal femur in the elderly. AB - A microcomputer was used for patient record management and statistical analysis to study prospectively an elderly female population with femoral neck fracture. Of 150 patients studied, 58% presented with a cervical fracture and 42% with a trochanteric fracture. The patients with trochanteric fracture were significantly older than the patients with cervical fracture (P less than 0.001), required a longer stay in hospital (P less than 0.01) and returned to their previous environment less frequently. The proportion of trochanteric fractures increased with age. In view of the ageing population and the rising incidence of femoral neck fracture, these findings have important implications for the future allocation of hospital resources. PMID- 6516972 TI - Stroke: the influence of age upon outcome. AB - This study is based upon 162 consecutive patients seen at a rehabilitation unit, and investigates the effect age has upon the manifestations and antecedents of stroke, and its outcome at six months. In this group of patients, age had little influence upon the severity of stroke, the deficits seen initially or the functional ability at six months. However, age had an influence upon the pattern of care given to these patients, in that older patients were likely to stay in hospital longer. There was an increasing proportion of women in the older age groups. PMID- 6516973 TI - Clostridium difficile diarrhoea: a highly infectious organism. AB - This paper describes an outbreak of Clostridium difficile diarrhoea in a ward for the elderly in a 550-bedded District General Hospital. The measures taken to contain it and clinical features, previously undescribed, are highlighted. PMID- 6516975 TI - Reaction of human organism to exercise. I. Theoretical part. PMID- 6516974 TI - Chronic subdural haematoma in the elderly. AB - In a twelve-month period, 16 patients over the age of 65 years presented with chronic subdural haematomas. Burr-hole aspiration in 15 resulted in complete recovery in 12, minimal dependence in one and significant dependence in two. One patient was managed conservatively and died. Difficulties in diagnosis are discussed. PMID- 6516976 TI - Reaction of human organism to exercise. II. Experimental part. PMID- 6516977 TI - Reaction of human organism to exercise. III. Biochemical response to physical loading. PMID- 6516978 TI - Hodgkin's disease. PMID- 6516979 TI - [Kidney lesions and abdominal wounds in children. Diagnostic and therapeutic problems in emergencies. Apropos of 45 cases (1964-1984)]. PMID- 6516980 TI - Experience with percutaneous nephrolithotomy. PMID- 6516981 TI - [Hydatid cyst of the kidney]. PMID- 6516982 TI - [Emphysematous pyelonephritis. A rare disease. Critical analysis of the literature. Apropos of a new case]. PMID- 6516983 TI - [Diagnostic and therapeutic possibilities with the ureterorenoscope. Preliminary results]. PMID- 6516984 TI - Conservative surgery for vesico-colic fistula. PMID- 6516985 TI - Five year experience with artificial urinary sphincter. American medical system (AMS). PMID- 6516987 TI - Intra-operative phlebography in the varicocele. PMID- 6516986 TI - [Clinical considerations of intradiverticular bladder neoplasms]. PMID- 6516988 TI - Granulomatous aspecific orchitis. Report of a case and review of literature. PMID- 6516989 TI - [Ideal treatment of extensive urethral stenosis?]. PMID- 6516990 TI - [Applications of acupuncture in urology]. PMID- 6516991 TI - [Surgical aspects of open renal biopsy done by urologic residents at Tsukuba University]. AB - The results of the operative aspects of open renal biopsy performed by urologic residents at our University Hospital during the 18 months from July 1982 to December 1983 were analyzed. Open renal biopsy was performed by 1st to 6th year residents for various renal diseases on 19 male and 12 female patients, i.e., 14 patients from Pediatric Department, 16 patients from Nephrologic Department and 1 patient from Urologic Department. All except for 3 operations were done under the guidance of urologic staff. The length of incisional line ranged from 3 to 7 cm (average 5.1 cm) in pediatric patients, and that of nephrologic and urologic patients ranged from 5 to 15 cm (average 8.7 cm). The average operation time was 89.2 minutes for pediatric patients, although it was 81.1 minutes when 1 patient who had concurrently operated on inguinal herniorrhaphy in addition to open renal biopsy was excluded from the analysis. The average operation time was 122.2 minutes for nephrologic and urologic patients, although it was 112.8 minutes when 1 patient who had lost a large amount of blood was excluded. The average blood loss was 28.2 ml for pediatric patients when 2 patients whose blood loss was recorded as "small quantity" was excluded, but it was 24.5 ml when 1 patient who was concurrently operated on for inguinal herniorrhaphy in addition to open renal biopsy was excluded. The average blood loss during operation was 235.1 ml in nephrologic and urologic patients, but it was 149.95 ml when 1 patient who had lost a great deal of blood (1,598 ml) was excluded.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6516992 TI - [DNA flow cytometric evaluation of spermatogenesis. Part 1: Analysis of nuclear DNA in cells from the human testicular tissue]. AB - The present study was carried out to establish the best method of preparing human testicular tissue for flow cytometric DNA analysis including dispersal, fixation and staining. Human testicular tissue could be dispersed to single cells by incubating in 0.05% collagenase solution at 37 degrees C for 60 minutes. Krishan's method which stains nuclear DNA directly without ethanol fixation and digestion in ribonuclease was not suitable for testicular cells. After ethanol fixation, testicular cells were treated with ribonuclease and pepsin, then stained with propidium iodide. Nuclear DNA in cells was measured by flow cytometry and a good DNA histogram was obtained. Ribonuclease influenced the DNA histogram little, but pepsin markedly improved it by digesting cell debris and decreasing cell aggregation. Analysis of the DNA histogram revealed the proportion of haploid, diploid and tetraploid cells accurately and quickly. Flow cytometric DNA analysis could be a useful method of evaluating cell kinetics in spermatogenesis. PMID- 6516993 TI - [Nonfunctioning adrenal cortical adenoma: a case report]. AB - A case of nonfunctioning adrenal cortical adenoma is presented. A 56-year-old woman was admitted with the chief complaint of asymptomatic microscopic hematuria. Adrenal tumor was found accidentally by computed tomography scan during evaluation for hematuria. A venogram and adrenal scan confirmed left adrenal neoplasm. Endocrine studies were normal. Surgical extirpation was performed and pathological examination revealed 2.2 X 2.0 X 2.0 cm left adrenal cortical adenoma. Reports of nonfunctioning adrenal cortical adenoma in the Japanese literature were reviewed and a discussion was made on this rare condition. PMID- 6516994 TI - [A case report of retroperitoneal malignant schwannoma]. AB - A case of retroperitoneal malignant schwannoma is reported. The patient was a 66 years-old man who was referred to our clinic because of an abdominal lump. CT scan and renal arteriography pointed out right renal cyst, but the tumor was separate from the right kidney at operation. Pathological diagnosis of this retroperitoneal tumor was malignant schwannoma. After 10 months he developed local recurrence and had transabdominal excision. He has been doing well 12 months after the second operation. Thirty-one cases of retroperitoneal malignant schwannoma in Japan are reviewed. PMID- 6516995 TI - [Obstructive anuria: unilateral cutaneous ureterostomy with remission of contralateral ureter obstruction]. AB - We experienced 1 case of obstructive anuria. This patient had received radiotherapy for uterine cancer. We performed unilateral cutaneous ureterostomy. Excretion of urine from the contralateral kidney occurred from the 17th postoperative day indicating improvement in renal functions. The possible mechanism for improvement of functions of the contralateral kidney is considered to be release of unilateral obstruction resulting in improvement in edema of tissues around kidney and ureter and remission of intravesical ureter obstruction caused by inflammation as a sequela of radiotherapy through improvement in inflammation. PMID- 6516996 TI - [Renal angiomyolipoma: report of 2 cases of tuberous sclerosis in female siblings]. AB - Two cases of renal angiomyolipomas in female siblings associated with tuberous sclerosis were reported. The first case was a 47-year-old housewife who visited the hospital because of severe right flank pain. Bilateral renal angiomyolipomas and hemorrhage in the right angiomyolipoma were recognized by computerized tomography, ultrasonography and renal angiography. After 2 months she had another episode of left flank pain and was diagnosed to have hemorrhage in the left renal tumor. The pain remissed by conservative treatment. Bilateral nephrectomy and hemodialysis would be necessary if she were to have a third attack. The second case was her 36-year-old sister with the chief complaint of left flank pain and genital bleeding. CT and renal angiography suggested a large angiomyolipoma in her left kidney and a small one in her right kidney. Left nephrectomy, right partial nephrectomy and hysterectomy were performed to prevent intratumoral hemorrhage. The histopathological diagnosis was angiomyolipoma of kidneys, uterus and lymphnodes of right renal hilus. Although pre-operative differentiation of angiomyolipoma from renal cell carcinoma has been difficult, recently diagnosis has become possible by CT, ultra-sonography and angiography. PMID- 6516997 TI - [Resection of solitary pulmonary cancer metastatic from renal cell carcinoma: a case report]. AB - A 59-year-old man underwent right transabdominal nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma on March 16, 1976. Full-lung tomography revealed an oval solitary shadow (11 by 14 mm) in the left upper lung field in February, 1983. Since there was no evidence of metastatic disease elsewhere in his body, thoracotomy and wedge resection of this nodule was performed. Histologically this nodule was found to be clear cell carcinoma. This patient has been well without recurrence for these 15 months. Significance and necessity of excision of metastatic nodules from renal cell carcinoma are stressed. PMID- 6516998 TI - [Intra-arterial injection therapy with ethanol for a patient with renal arteriovenous fistula]. AB - A case of renal arteriovenous fistula (A-V fistula) treated by transcatheter embolization using absolute ethanol is reported. The catheter was superselectively placed in the proximal renal artery supplying cirsoid vessels and 15 ml of absolute ethanol was injected into the renal artery at a rate of 1 ml per second. Ten minutes after injection, complete occlusion of the fistula was confirmed. The postembolization syndrome was mild, particularly back pain and fever were mitigated. Repeat arteriogram after 3 months demonstrated persistent occlusion of the fistula. From this experience and a review of the literature, we postulate that the advantages of therapeutic embolization with ethanol for A-V fistula compared with other embolization techniques are the following: (1) persistence of arterial occlusion extending to the peripheral vessels, (2) less frequent possibility of recanalization and collateral formation, (3) less systemic toxicity even if ethanol has escaped into the systemic circulation through A-V fistula, and (4) no danger of accidental embolization of other arteries. Herein, we also review briefly the literature concerning both mechanism and feature of action of ethanol injected into the artery. PMID- 6516999 TI - [Treatment of five cases of bladder sarcoma]. AB - Five cases of bladder sarcoma were treated at our Department between January, 1972 and December, 1981. These cases accounted for only 1.5% of the bladder tumors (335 cases) diagnosed during the same period. The patients ranged from 11 months to 67 years old. There were 2 males and 3 females. Rhabdomyosarcoma was seen in 2 cases, leiomyosarcoma in 2 cases and spindle cell sarcoma in 1 case. Treatment consisted of total cystectomy and urinary diversion followed by chemotherapy or radiotherapy in 3 cases and partial cystectomy followed by chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy in 2 cases. Two patients died during adjuvant chemotherapy. One patient, an 11-month-old boy died of septicemia facilitated by bone marrow suppression 1 month postoperatively. The other patient died of gastrointestinal bleeding 2 months postoperatively. Another case died of local recurrence at 1 year postoperatively. One woman has been free of disease for 5 1/2 years and the remaining case was lost to follow up. Aggressive multidisciplinary treatment consisting of surgery, radiotherapy and cyclic combination chemotherapy is discussed, and 203 cases of bladder sarcoma reported in the Japanese literature are reviewed. PMID- 6517000 TI - [Primary hyperparathyroidism associated with bladder tumor: report of a case]. AB - A 47-year-old man was admitted with chief complaints of macroscopic hematuria and bone pain. Hypercalcemia still remained after three small papillary tumors on the left retrotrigonal wall of the bladder were resected transurethrally. Some biochemical as well as X-ray examinations thereafter pointed out an association with primary hyperparathyroidism. An adenoma arising from right upper parathyroid gland was found and excised. Then his symptoms, both subjective and objective, were normalized. Six documented cases of primary hyperparathyroidism associated with urological malignancy including our own were found in the Japanese literature. PMID- 6517001 TI - [A case of fibroma of the spermatic cord]. AB - A case of fibroma of the spermatic cord is presented. A 26-year-old man was admitted with the complaint of a painless swelling in the left scrotum. On physical examination, the tumor seemed to be in the left spermatic cord. It was removed surgically on May 2, 1983. Microscopic examination of the specimen revealed that the tumor was composed of collagen fibers and fibroblasts. This histological finding was compatible with that of fibroma. Seven cases of fibroma of the spermatic cord so far reported in Japan, including this case, were reviewed. PMID- 6517002 TI - [Amikacin concentration in the severely obstructed urinary tract]. AB - Urinary amikacin concentration was determined in 9 patients with severely unilateral ureteral obstruction. Serum levels were within the normal range. The average concentration of amikacin in the urine from obstructed urinary tract was 118.9 mcg/ml 6 hours after 100 mg amikacin iv infusion. Urine concentration from the normal kidney was 155.9 mcg/ml at the first 2 hours after intravenous infusion, 98.8 at the second 2 hours 83.3 at the third 2 hours. Urinary amikacin excretion from severely obstructed urinary tract was about one third of the total excretion from a normal system. In summary, the urinary level in severely obstructed urinary tract after iv infusion of 100 mg amikacin may be enough prophylactically. But at the onset of infection in severely obstructed urinary tract, the administration of at least 200 mg amikacin intravenously is required. PMID- 6517003 TI - Listeria meningitis. PMID- 6517004 TI - A timely system for investors claimed by advisors. PMID- 6517005 TI - Intestinal obstruction in adult males: pitfall and practices. PMID- 6517006 TI - Influenza--a reminder. PMID- 6517007 TI - Treatment of acute shoulder dislocations. PMID- 6517008 TI - Is total communication enough? The hidden curriculum. PMID- 6517009 TI - Providing school psychological services to hearing-impaired students in New Jersey. PMID- 6517010 TI - Guidelines for effective communication among hearing-impaired and hearing professionals in small group meetings. PMID- 6517011 TI - A measure of the classroom environment for hearing-impaired learners: the development and pilot of the learning environment scale. PMID- 6517012 TI - A communication program for enhancing interaction in families with a hearing impaired child. PMID- 6517013 TI - Identifying current and relevant curricular sequences for multiply involved hearing-impaired learners. PMID- 6517014 TI - A comparison of captioned, classroom, and prose instruction for hearing-impaired learners. PMID- 6517016 TI - The effects of the teacher's behavior on deaf students' perception of the organizational environment of the classroom. PMID- 6517015 TI - Receptive communication skills of hearing-impaired students: a comparison of four methods of communication. PMID- 6517017 TI - Extending clinical pharmacy practice. PMID- 6517018 TI - How to select your pharmacy's legal form of organization. PMID- 6517019 TI - Innovative modifications to the Delves cup blood-lead analysis procedure. AB - The Delves cup technique for blood-lead analysis involves the atomization of lead from a nickel cup into a ceramic tube and analysis by atomic absorption. The method is rapid and sensitive. The efficiency of the method is greatly affected by a few variables which, when controlled, have resulted in improved reproducibility and increased accuracy. The purpose of this paper is to address these variables. PMID- 6517020 TI - "Respirator evaluation for carbon setters with beards". PMID- 6517021 TI - Three-dimensional dynamic strength measuring device: a prototype. AB - A three-dimensional dynamic strength measuring equipment is described. This prototype was designed and fabricated to allow measurement of human isotonic strengths in various possible body configurations and at various locations in space. PMID- 6517022 TI - Exposure to hydrogen sulfide, mercaptans and sulfur dioxide in pulp industry. AB - An hygienic survey for hydrogen sulfide, methyl mercaptan and its derivatives and sulfur dioxide in kraft mills and in sulfite mills revealed concentrations varying from 0 to 20 ppm hydrogen sulfide, 0 to 15 ppm methyl mercaptan and comparable amounts of dimethyl sulfide with dimethyl disulfide up to 1.5 ppm. The greatest emissions were detected at chip chutes and evaporation vacuum pumps. Batch operations yielded clearly higher sulfur dioxide concentrations (up to 20 ppm) as compared to a continuous ammonia-base digester. Furthermore, there was a strong correlation with the season in the sulfite mills where higher concentrations were found in the winter when natural ventilation was poorer. As to the health effects, the exposed workers complained of headaches and a decrease in concentration capacity more often than matched controls. The number of sick leaves was greater in the exposed workers than among the controls. PMID- 6517023 TI - Exposure of radio officers to radio frequency radiation on Danish merchant ships. AB - Exposure of radio officers to radio frequency radiation from telegraphy and telephony equipment on ships was investigated. Eighty-five measurements were made of 12 radio transmitters operating in the 400 kHz to 25 MHz range (power up to 1200 W) and three VHF telephony transmitters in the 150 MHz band. Field measurements were made at positions normally occupied by radio officers approximately 1 m, 0.5 m and 0.25 m from the antenna feed lines. The distance between the radio operator and the measurement location was at least 0.5 m. The ratio of the electric and magnetic field strength squared (MF and HF transmitters) to ANSI C95.1-1982 radio frequency protection guides ranged from 0.001 to 0.26 (geometric mean 0.02) at the location of the seated radio officer's head. A minimum distance of 0.5 m between antenna feed lines and personnel is recommended. This would normally ensure an exposure below the ANSI safety levels. PMID- 6517024 TI - Nonionizing radiation aspects of optical fiber manufacturing. AB - Evaluation of the spectral distribution of the electromagnetic emissions from a system composed of a hydrogen-oxygen torch and a glass tube, used in the manufacturing of glass rods from which optical fibers are drawn, indicated levels in the visible and infrared portion of the electromagnetic spectrum that necessitated a specific type of eye protection to be worn by employees operating this equipment. Specific eye wear which provided qualities of both being lightweight and reducing transmission of all three major regions of the electromagnetic spectrum (ultra-violet, visible, infrared) were specified. PMID- 6517026 TI - Field comparison between two nitrous oxide (N2O) passive monitors and conventional sampling methods. AB - Field tests conducted over the range of 4-330 ppm nitrous oxide in hospital operating rooms as well as dental and veterinary clinics showed a prototype of the Landauer NITROX passive monitor compared more favorably with a Miran 1-A IR gas analyzer than either the Solid State Sensor or bag samples. All methods were tested simultaneously in a chamber designed to produce uniform real-time monitoring. PMID- 6517025 TI - Study and models of total lead exposures of battery workers. AB - In an attempt to establish a more realistic and reliable model for relating environmental exposure measurements to the biological indices of exposure, a study was undertaken to quantify the total sources of lead exposure among lead storage battery workers. In addition to the usual personal and area lead air sampling, quantitative and repeatable measurements of removable lead from work surfaces and the workers' hands and faces were obtained daily for ten consecutive work days in the pasting and battery assembly departments. Mathematical correlations of blood lead and zinc protoporphyrin (ZPP) levels as the dependent variable with the lead exposure sources were derived and demonstrated most strongly as log-log relationships. Statistical analyses by computer programming indicated that the airborne, hand, facial and work surface levels have a high degree of inter-correlation with a very significant positive individual correlation with blood lead levels and a somewhat lower correlation with ZPP. The results suggest that contaminated personal and work surfaces may play a more significant role in toxic occupational and environmental exposures, generally, than had heretofore been demonstrated or suspected. PMID- 6517027 TI - Control of styrene vapor in a large fiberglass boat manufacturing operation. AB - An evaluation of a control system for worker protection from styrene vapor was performed at a manufacturer of large fiberglass reinforced plastic yachts. The manufacturing operations included five tiltable boat hull mold stations. Each station had a floor air slot located beneath the mold which was exhausting about 17 000 CFM. The building had an overall ventilation rate of 10-15 air changes per hour. An attempt was made to improve the performance of this control system by blowing air into the hull mold and by blocking air flow from the back of the mold to induce greater flow from the front of the mold. Consecutive short term breathing zone samples were collected in an effort to show the effect of different job tasks and work modes on exposures. ANOVA was performed to determine levels of significance of several variables. A significant exposure difference was found between right and left tilts of the 46-foot hull mold. The TWA styrene exposure values for the 3-day period of the 4 hull lamination workers were low, ranging from 17 ppm to 25 ppm, and demonstrating that styrene levels can be effectively controlled by means of strategically located high volume exhaust vents for the process studied. PMID- 6517028 TI - Comparison of mass concentrations determined with personal respirable coal mine dust samplers operating at 1.2 liters per minute and the Casella 113A gravimetric sampler (MRE). AB - Measuring respirable dust concentrations in coal mine environments is currently done using approved personal respirable dust sampling equipment operating at a flow rate of 2.0 liters per minute (Lpm). Measurements made with approved coal mine dust sampling equipment are converted to equivalent concentrations that would be obtained with a Mining Research Establishment (MRE) instrument known as the Casella 113A gravimetric sampler, using a conversion factor of 1.38. NIOSH has recently recommended that coal mine dust samplers (CMDS) used to measure respirable dust levels in mine environments be operated at 1.2 Lpm and measured concentrations be multiplied by 0.91 to obtain an equivalent MRE concentration. The purpose of this recommendation is to reduce systematic error caused by the variation in mine dust distributions. This paper presents and discusses data collected in the laboratory and in underground coal mines to evaluate the recommended 1.2 Lpm flow rate and 0.91 conversion factor. Comparative measurements were obtained in the laboratory with the CMDS operating at 2.0 and 1.2 liters per minute and the MRE, using aerosols of coal and limestone dust of varying particle size distribution. Similar comparative measurements were made in a number of underground coal mines at locations with environments having particle size distributions representative of different underground mining operations. It was concluded from this study that there is no significant change in the variability associated with the constant factor used to convert respirable dust measurements, obtained with approved respirable CMDS, to equivalent MRE measurements when the flow rate of the CMDS is reduced from 2.0 to 1.2 Lpm. PMID- 6517029 TI - Computer ranking of the sequence of appearance of 100 features of the brain and related structures in staged human embryos during the first 5 weeks of development. AB - The sequence of events in the development of the brain in staged human embryos was investigated in much greater detail than in previous studies by listing 100 features in 165 embryos of the first 5 weeks. Using a computerized bubble-sort algorithm, individual embryos were ranked in ascending order of the features present. This procedure made feasible an appreciation of the slight variation found in the developmental features. The vast majority of features appeared during either one or two stages (about 2 or 3 days). In general, the soundness of the Carnegie system of embryonic staging was amply confirmed. The rhombencephalon was found to show increasing complexity around stage 13, and the postoptic portion of the diencephalon underwent considerable differentiation by stage 15. The need for similar investigations of other systems of the body is emphasized, and the importance of such studies in assessing the timing of congenital malformations and in clarifying syndromic clusters is suggested. PMID- 6517030 TI - Muscle fiber type composition of the rat hindlimb. AB - The purpose of this study was to estimate the absolute and relative masses of the three types of skeletal muscle fibers in the total hindlimb of the male Sprague Dawley rat (Rattus norvegicus). For six rats, total body mass was recorded and the following weights taken from dissection of one hindlimb: 32 individual major muscles or muscle parts, remaining skeletal musculature (small hip muscles and intrinsic foot muscles), bone, inguinal fat pad, and skin. The fibers from the 32 muscles or muscle parts (which constituted 98% of the hindlimb skeletal muscle mass) were classified from histochemistry as fast-twitch oxidative glycolytic (FOG), fast-twitch glycolytic (FG), or slow-twitch oxidative (SO), and their populations were determined. Fiber cross-sectional areas from the same muscles were measured with a digitizer. Mass of each of the fiber types within muscles and in the total hindlimb was then calculated from fiber-type population, fiber type area, and muscle-mass data. Skeletal muscle made up 71% of the total hindlimb mass. Of this, 76% was occupied by FG fibers, 19% by FOG fibers, and 5% by SO fibers. Thus, the FG fiber type is clearly the predominant fiber type in the rat hindlimb in terms of muscle mass. Fiber-type mass data are compared with physiological (blood flow) and biochemical (succinate dehydrogenase activities) data for the muscles taken from previous studies, and it is demonstrated that these functional properties are closely related to the proportions of muscle mass composed of the various fiber types. PMID- 6517031 TI - Architectural design and fiber-type distribution of the major elbow flexors and extensors of the monkey (cynomolgus). AB - Because the architectural and biochemical properties of skeletal muscle dictate its force, velocity, and displacement properties, the major extensors (triceps brachii) and flexors (biceps brachii, brachialis, and brachioradialis) of the elbow in a primate (cynomolgus, monkey) were studied. Functional cross-sectional areas (CSA) were calculated from muscle mass, mean fiber length (normalized to a 2.20 microns sarcomere length), and angle of fiber pinnation measurements from each muscle. Fiber-type distributions were determined and used as a gross index of the biochemical capacities of the muscle. The extensor group had a shorter mean fiber length (31 vs. 47 mm), a larger CSA (13 vs. 8 cm2), and a higher overall percentage of slow-twitch fibers (47 vs. 26%). Consequently, the elbow extensors had a relatively greater potential for force production and force maintenance than the flexors. In contrast, the flexors were designed to optimize their length-velocity potentials; i.e., they had relatively long fibers and a higher fast-twitch fiber composition than the extensors. These morphologic differences between antagonistic muscle groups should be considered when evaluating the motor control mechanisms regulating reciprocal movements about the elbow. PMID- 6517032 TI - Adrenergic innervation of the developing chick heart: neural crest ablations to produce sympathetically aneural hearts. AB - Ablation of various regions of premigratory trunk neural crest which gives rise to the sympathetic trunks was used to remove sympathetic cardiac innervation. Neuronal uptake of [3H]-norepinephrine was used as an index of neuronal development in the chick atrium. Following ablation of neural crest over somites 10-15 or 15-20, uptake was significantly decreased in the atrium at 16 and 17 days of development. Ablation of neural crest over somites 5-10 and 20-25 caused no decrease in [3H]-norepinephrine uptake. Removal of neural crest over somites 5 25 or 10-20 caused approximately equal depletions of [3H]-norepinephrine uptake in the atrium. Cardiac norepinephrine concentration was significantly depressed following ablation of neural crest over somites 5-25 but not over somites 10-20. Light-microscopic and histofluorescent preparations confirmed the absence of sympathetic trunks in the region of the normal origin of the sympathetic cardiac nerves following neural crest ablation over somites 10-20. The neural tube and dorsal root ganglia were damaged in the area of the neural-crest ablation; however, all of these structures were normal cranial and caudal to the lesioned area. Development of most of the embryos as well as the morphology of all of the hearts was normal following the lesion. These results indicate that it is possible to produce sympathetically aneural hearts by neural-crest ablation; however, sympathetic cardiac nerves account for an insignificant amount of cardiac norepinephrine. The adrenal medulla is the most likely source of cardiac norepinephrine in sympathetically aneural hearts. PMID- 6517033 TI - Intrinsic innervation of the atrioventricular junction of the rat heart. AB - Alternate serial semithin and thin sections of the glutaraldehyde-fixed interatrial septum and atrioventricular junction of adult rat were examined in light and electron microscopes. The animals were pretreated with a false precursor of catecholamines, i.e., with 5-OH-dopamine, in order to differentiate the adrenergic component of the intrinsic nervous system. According to the light microscope data, two kinds of ganglia can be distinguished at the level of the interatrial septum. Those of the first kind are composed of large pale cells with voluminous nuclei. Those of the other kind resemble acinuslike clusters of small osmiophilic cells. Another small ganglion is invariably associated with the distal edge of the bundle of His. At the electron-microscope level, two types of ganglionic cells are found in the meshes of the peri- and intranodal plexus: 1) small neurons (10 microns) with richly developed neuropiles, and 2) large 5-OH dopamine contrasted neurosecretory cells (up to 25 microns) containing electron dense vesicles typical of sympathetic neurons. Numerous glomeruli with dendrodendritic and axodendritic connections are also found in the vicinity of the specialized tissue; and, in the nodal interstitium, several clusters of small chromaffin cells (5 microns) and a network of multipolar satellite cells similar to the interstitial cells of Cajal can be distinguished. Our data suggest that the microanatomical and cytological organization of the terminal innervation of the node of Aschoff-Tawara and of the bundle to His resembles that of the myenteric plexus. The physiological significance of these ultrastructural data for the local control of electrophysiological properties of the atrioventricular junction is briefly considered. PMID- 6517034 TI - Alterations in epithelial glycocalyx of rabbit uteri during early pseudopregnancy and pregnancy, and following ovariectomy. AB - Pseudopregnant, pregnant, and ovariectomized rabbits were utilized to study hormonal mediation of uterine epithelial surface negativity and glycocalyx morphology, and to seek local effects of blastocysts at sites of implantatioN. A loss of surface negativity [polycationic ferritin (PCF) binding] by day 6 of pregnancy or pseudopregnancy was noted, accompanied by alterations in epithelial glycocalyx. Uteri from estrous animals, or ovariectomized animals receiving oil or estradiol injections, bound PCF and exhibited a "globular" glycocalyx. Uteri from day 6 pseudopregnant or pregnant animals, or ovariectomized animals receiving progesterone injections, did not bind PCF or exhibit a globular glycocalyx. Both PCF binding and the globular character of the epithelial glycocalyx were sensitive to neuraminidase and trypsin treatment, suggesting sialoglycoprotein contribution to surface negativity. Implanting blastocysts had no detectable local effect on surface negativity, but did induce local reduction of epithelial glycocalyx at sites of implantation. Results of this study suggest that uterine epithelial glycocalyx alterations during the preimplantation period reflect a general response to progesterone stimulation, primarily qualitative in nature, related to the acquisition of receptivity to ovo-implantation. PMID- 6517035 TI - Mitochondrial reorganization during resumption of arrested meiosis in the mouse oocyte. AB - Correlated nuclear and cytoplasmic reorganizations during the 14 hr of reactivated meiosis in vivo and in vitro were examined in the laboratory mouse. Observations of living oocytes by differential interference contrast microscopy, and by fluorescent microscopy with nontoxic mitochondrial and DNA-specific probes, enabled us to determine that the major cytoplasmic reorganization involved two mitochondrial translocations associated with two stages of nuclear maturation. These observations were confirmed at the fine structural level by parallel transmission electron microscopy. Mitochondria translocate to the perinuclear region during formation of the first metaphase spindle and subsequently disperse during abstriction of the first polar body. Determinations of frequency of maturation in more than 2,900 normal oocytes, and in more than 1,100 oocytes in which germinal vesicle breakdown was reversibly inhibited, indicated that mitochondrial redistributions are a normal and probably necessary feature of reactivated meiosis in the laboratory mouse. We suggest that these two rapid translocations serve to concentrate mitochondria for localized activities that require elevated levels of adenosine triphosphate. PMID- 6517036 TI - Morphometric analysis of the pineal complex of the golden hamster over a 24-hour light:dark cycle: I. The superficial pineal in untreated and optically enucleated animals. AB - Morphometric analysis of the superficial pineal gland of intact and blinded golden hamsters was conducted at both the light and electron microscopic level. The volume of the superficial gland was estimated to be 151 X 10(6) micron 3, comprising 90-94% of the total pineal parenchymal tissue. Analysis of structural rhythms in animals maintained under a 14:10 L:D cycle showed significant 24-hr variations in values for pinealocyte nuclei, nucleoli, rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi bodies, dense bodies, and dense-cored vesicles. Peak values for these structures generally occurred at the light:dark interface. These results provide morphological correlates for known rhythmic variations in the synthesis of pineal-gland products. Superficial pineals examined 8 weeks following optic enucleation exhibited a decrease in the volume of pinealocyte nuclei and cytoplasm, while nucleolar size and the amounts of smooth and rough endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi bodies, dense bodies and dense-cored vesicles were enhanced. The latter changes are interpreted as indications of increased synthetic activity by the superficial pineal gland in response to light deprivation. PMID- 6517037 TI - Morphometric analysis of the pineal complex of the golden hamster over a 24-hour light:dark cycle: II. The deep pineal in untreated and optically enucleated animals. AB - The deep pineal gland of golden hamsters was morphometrically analyzed and quantitatively compared with the superficial pineal under a 14:10 lighting regime and following blinding. The deep pineal comprised 6-10% of the total pineal parenchymal tissue. Pinealocytes of the deep gland were smaller than the cells of the superficial pineal and showed a greater percent volume of Golgi bodies, rough endoplasmic reticulum, and dense-cored vesicles. Twenty-four-hour rhythms in nucleoli and Golgi bodies were found in deep pinealocytes. These rhythms were out of phase with comparable rhythms in the superficial pineal gland, suggesting that distinct subpopulations of pinealocytes are present within the respective parts. Blinding resulted in decreased nuclear and nucleolar volume, while the amount of smooth endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi bodies, dense bodies, and dense-cored vesicles increased significantly. Marginal increases were seen in mitochondria and lipid droplets. The greater abundance of those organelles involved in synthesis and secretion suggests enhanced cellular activity after blinding. Many of the morphological responses are similar to alterations in the pinealocytes of the superficial pineal following optic enucleation. PMID- 6517038 TI - A light and fluorescence cytochemical and electron microscopic study of granule containing cells in the intrapulmonary ganglia of Pseudemys scripta elegans. AB - In the lung of the red-eared turtle, large numbers of intramural ganglia located in the intraparenchymal connective tissue are demonstrated. Numerous cells in close proximity to the principal ganglionic neurons displayed a bright blue-white formaldehyde-induced fluorescence. Microspectrofluorometric analysis revealed the presence of dopamine (DA) in all cells measured. Subsequent light histochemical staining of the fluorescent sections showed the DA-containing cells to display argentaffinity. Electron microscopy of serial sections revealed cells characterized by dense-cored vesicles corresponding to the intensely formaldehyde induced fluorescent cells. The argentaffin technique performed directly on ultrathin sections selectively stained the dense-cored vesicles. After fixation with glutaraldehyde followed by dichromate, x-ray microanalysis showed the chromium to be incorporated into the dense granules. Cholinergic-type nerve endings formed axosomatic synaptic contacts with the DA-containing cells, which can therefore be considered as intrinsic postganglionic elements. No efferent synapses from the granule-containing cells to the principal ganglionic neurons could be observed. The granule-containing cells occurred solitarily and in clusters, partially invested with satellite cells, and usually located near fenestrated capillaries; they displayed cytoplasmic processes and indicated emiocytotic granule release. Adjacent granule-containing cells were separated by spaces about 20 nm wide, gradually widening to form intercellular channels with apically projecting microvilli and primary cilia. It is concluded that the intrapulmonary granule-containing cells of the red-eared turtle belong to the APUD system. Furthermore, morphologically these cells appeared to possess a special sensory apparatus which designates them as paraneurons. The possible physiological significance of these intrapulmonary granule-containing cells is discussed. PMID- 6517039 TI - The three-dimensional architecture of the elastic-fiber network in canine hepatic portal system. AB - The architectural arrangement of the elastic-fiber network in the wall of canine hepatic portal veins was observed with the scanning electron microscope (SEM). Selective NaOH sonication digestion and autoclaving were used to expose and isolate the networks of elastic fibers from six selected regions of the hepatic portal vessels from seven healthy dogs. Elastic stains of adjacent segments prepared for light microscopy demonstrated that the elastic fibers were concentrated in two areas within the intact portal wall. The innermost area corresponded to the internal elastic lamina (IEL) of the tunica intima, the internal muscular layer, and the connective tissue layer of the tunica media. The second area was in the tunica adventitia. SEM specimens revealed two sleeves of elastic fiber networks which corresponded to the above regions. Small scattered bundles of radially oriented elastic fibers spanned the gap between the two sleeves. Each tunica had a different architectural arrangement of elastic fibers. The IEL had circumferentially oriented fibers which branched and anastomosed to form a continuous network on the innermost surface. The architecture of the IEL was the most variable between the different regions. The network of the IEL was the most "open" in the caudal region (splenic vein) and became "denser" toward the liver. The large elastic fibers in the tunica media were oriented at approximately right angles to the primary fibers of the IEL. These longitudinally oriented fibers anastomosed with adjacent longitudinal fibers to form a continuous network. In the tunica adventitia, thick, longitudinally oriented fibers of the continuous network fused together to form incomplete layers of fibers. The architecture of the elastic-fiber network in the canine hepatic portal vein was compared to that previously described in the systemic canine saphenous vein. PMID- 6517040 TI - The "sympathetic ear": case reports of a self-hypnotic approach to chronic pain. PMID- 6517041 TI - Hypnosis in the treatment of hypnopompic hallucinations: a case report. PMID- 6517042 TI - Predicting hypnotic susceptibility by a self-report phenomenological state instrument. PMID- 6517043 TI - Enhancing hypnotic susceptibility: the efficacy of four training procedures. PMID- 6517044 TI - Implications of the Ericksonian and Neurolinguistic programming approaches for responsibility of therapeutic outcomes. PMID- 6517045 TI - The effects of rapid induction analgesia (RIA), hypnotic susceptibility and the severity of discomfort on reducing dental pain. PMID- 6517046 TI - Voluntary control of auditory evoked responses by children with and without hypnosis. PMID- 6517047 TI - The direct hypnotic suggestion of altered mind/body perception. PMID- 6517048 TI - Carrier screening for phenylketonuria: comparison of two discriminant analysis procedures. AB - Absence of a convenient, direct enzyme assay for detecting phenylketonuria (PKU) heterozygotes has resulted in continued effort to develop an accurate and reliable procedure to discriminate the heterozygous individual from the homozygous normal. Our study compares two statistical procedures that combine the semifasting plasma phenylalanine and tyrosine concentrations with the individuals' prior probability of being a heterozygous carrier in order to discriminate carriers from noncarriers. The results of this comparison indicate that the quadratic discriminant function is superior to the linear discriminant function as a method of carrier testing both in theory and in practice. An interactive computer system is described that facilitates the clinical utilization of the quadratic discriminant function. PMID- 6517049 TI - Estimation of the gene frequency of lactate dehydrogenase subunit deficiencies. AB - To detect the frequency of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) subunit deficiency, screening for LDH subunit deficiency was performed on 3,776 blood samples from healthy individuals in Shizuoka Prefecture by means of electrophoresis. The frequency of heterozygote with LDH-A subunit deficiency was found to be 0.185%, and with LDH-B subunit deficiency, 0.159%. The frequencies of both subunit deficiencies were not significantly different. Gene frequencies of LDH subunit deficiencies were calculated by the simple counting procedure, and the results are as follows: gene frequency of LDH-A subunit deficiency was 11.9 X 10(-4), and that of LDH-B subunit deficiency, 7.9 X 10(-4). In addition, the second case in the world of a homozygous individual with LDH-A subunit deficiency was detected by this screening. This case with regard to the characteristics of LDH-A subunit deficiency are summarized herein. PMID- 6517050 TI - Assignment of the structural gene encoding human aspartylglucosaminidase to the long arm of chromosome 4 (4q21----4qter). AB - The structural gene for the human lysosomal enzyme aspartylglucosaminidase (AGA) has been assigned to chromosome 4 using somatic cell hybridization techniques. The human monomeric enzyme was detected in Chinese hamster-human cell hybrids by a thermal denaturation assay that selectively inactivated the Chinese hamster isozyme, while the thermostable human enzyme retained activity. Twenty informative hybrid clones, derived from seven independent fusions, were analyzed for the presence of human AGA activity and their human chromosomal constitutions. Without exception, the presence of human AGA in these hybrids was correlated with the presence of human chromosome 4. All other human chromosomes were excluded by discordant segregation of the human enzyme and other chromosomes. Two hybrid clones, with interspecific Chinese hamster-human chromosome translocations involving the long arm of human chromosome 4, permitted the assignment of human AGA to the region 4q21----4qter. PMID- 6517052 TI - Sample-size calculations in segregation analysis. AB - Segregation analysis, employing nuclear families, is the most frequently used method to evaluate the mode of inheritance of a trait. To our knowledge, there exists no tabular information regarding the sample sizes required of individuals and families needed to perform a significance test of a specific segregation ratio for a predetermined power and significance level. To fill this gap, we have developed sample-size tables based on the asymptotic variance of the maximum likelihood estimate of the segregation ratio and on the normal approximation for two-sided hypothesis testing. Assuming homogeneous sibship size, minimum sample sizes were determined for testing the null hypothesis for the segregation ratio of 1/4 or 1/2 vs. alternative values of .05-.80, for the significance level of .05 and power of .8, for ascertainment probabilities of nearly 0 to 1.0, and sibship sizes 2-7. The results of these calculations indicate a complex interaction of the null and the alternate hypotheses, ascertainment probability, and sibship size in determining the sample size required for simple segregation analysis. The accompanying tables should aid in the appropriate design and cost assessment of future genetic epidemiologic studies. PMID- 6517053 TI - The effects of conditioning on probands to correct for multiple ascertainment. AB - Cannings and Thompson suggested conditioning on the phenotypes of the probands to correct for ascertainment in the analysis of pedigree data. The method assumes single ascertainment and can be expected to yield asymptotically biased parameter estimates except in this specific case. However, because the method is easy to apply, we investigated the degree of bias in the more typical situation of multiple ascertainment, in the hope that the bias might be small and that the method could be applied more generally. To explore the utility of conditioning on probands to correct for multiple ascertainment, we calculated the asymptotic value of the segregation ratio for two versions of the simple Mendelian segregation model on sibship data. For both versions, we found that this asymptotic value decreased approximately linearly as the ascertainment probability increased. When ascertainment was complete, the segregation-ratio estimates were zero, not just asymptotically but for finite sample size as well. In some cases, conditioning on probands actually resulted in greater parameter bias than no ascertainment correction at all. These results hold for a variety of sibship-size distributions, several modes of inheritance, and a wide range of population prevalences of affected individuals. PMID- 6517054 TI - Abnormalities in the cell-division cycle in Roberts syndrome fibroblasts: a cellular basis for the phenotypic characteristics? AB - Roberts-SC phocomelia syndrome (RS) is a recessively inherited developmental disorder characterized by profound pre- and postnatal growth reduction, symmetrical limb reductions of varying severity, and craniofacial abnormalities. Many patients with RS exhibit a striking chromosomal abnormality involving the heterochromatic, C-banding regions of most chromosomes. Dermal fibroblast strains from three such patients were used to investigate in vitro cellular growth characteristics. Plating efficiency, colony-forming ability, and cell density at confluence in RS were compared with dermal fibroblast strains from pediatric patients without RS and fetal lung fibroblast strains. Time-lapse cinematography was used to study mitotic duration and cytokinesis in RS and various control fibroblast strains. Clearly, cell from affected individuals had deficiencies that led to a multitude of abnormalities at the cellular level. These included: abnormal mitosis and cytokinesis, reduced cell growth, atypical cell morphology, and altered chromosomal morphology at peri- and paracentromeric and nucleolar organizing regions. These findings suggest that the basis for at least some of the phenotypic abnormalities characteristic of this trait may reside in the reduced growth rates of the cells during the course of development. This could account for the reduced pre- and postnatal growth rates as well as for the developmental abnormalities, since deficiencies of cells in developing anlagen could well lead to alterations in developmental patterns. PMID- 6517051 TI - Genetics and epidemiology of gallbladder disease in New World native peoples. AB - Native peoples of the New World, including Amerindians and admixed Latin Americans such as Mexican-Americans, are highly susceptible to diseases of the gallbladder. These include cholesterol cholelithiasis (gallstones) and its complications, as well as cancer of the gallbladder. Although there is clearly some necessary dietary or other environmental risk factor involved, the pattern of disease prevalence is geographically associated with the distribution of genes of aboriginal Amerindian origin, and levels of risk generally correspond to the degree of Amerindian admixture. This pattern differs from that generally associated with Westernization, which suggests a gene-environment interaction, and that within an admixed population there is a subset whose risk is underestimated when admixture is ignored. The risk that an individual of a susceptible New World genotype will undergo a cholecystectomy by age 85 can approach 40% in Mexican-American females, and their risk of gallbladder cancer can reach several percent. These are heretofore unrecognized levels of risk, especially of the latter, because previous studies have not accounted for admixture or for the loss of at-risk individuals due to cholecystectomy. A genetic susceptibility may, thus, be as "carcinogenic" in New World peoples as any known major environmental exposure; yet, while the risk has a genetic basis, its expression as gallbladder cancer is so delayed as to lead only very rarely to multiply-affected families. Estimates in this paper are derived in part from two studies of Mexican-Americans in Starr County and Laredo, Texas. PMID- 6517055 TI - Familial premature ovarian failure. AB - Premature menopause, ovarian failure younger than 40 years of age, is relatively rare but may preclude childbearing for some women who delay attempts at fertility. We present five kindreds in which a genetic association for premature ovarian failure is strongly suggested. Transmission is either autosomal or (less likely) X-linked dominant in these examples. Chromosomal abnormalities, history of diseases, and toxic chemical or viral exposures previously associated with premature ovarian failure could not be demonstrated in these women. This suggests that these kindreds all represent familial idiopathic premature ovarian failure. These data support the need for menopausal histories on both sides of the family for women seeking to postpone reproduction, as well as for patients with ovarian failure. PMID- 6517056 TI - The relationship of maternal age and trisomy among trisomic spontaneous abortions. AB - The relationship between maternal age and trisomy was examined by comparing mean ages of 954 trisomic spontaneous abortions with those of live births ascertained at the same study center. The overall mean for trisomy was highly significantly elevated over that of the newborns. The age effect was most pronounced for trisomies involving the small chromosomes, with trisomies 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 20, 21, and 22 all having significantly increased ages by comparison with the control population. However, the majority of trisomies involving large or medium sized chromosomes also had elevated mean maternal ages, suggesting that most, if not all, human trisomies are associated with increasing age of the mother. Additional variation in the age effect was observed among trisomies involving similar-sized chromosomes, indicating that factors other than chromosome size also influence the relationship between increasing age and trisomy. PMID- 6517058 TI - A method of processing first-trimester chorionic villous biopsies for cytogenetic analysis. AB - Chorionic villous biopsy is emerging as a technique for obtaining fetal cells for prenatal diagnosis in the first trimester of pregnancy. Chromosome analysis has been performed on small villous biopsies using either direct harvests of uncultured cells or after culturing villous tissue. Here, we describe a method where both techniques can be used simultaneously; from a single villous biopsy, GTG-banded chromosomes of improved morphology are obtained from direct preparations and from cultured villous cells. PMID- 6517057 TI - DNA analysis of first-trimester chorionic villous biopsies: test for maternal contamination. AB - We investigated the reliability of chorionic villous biopsy as a method to obtain tissues reflecting the genetic constitution of the embryo. In 12 pregnancies before elective termination, we searched for detectable maternal tissue after careful dissection of villi from small 2-5-mg specimens that yielded 7 micrograms of DNA per mg tissue. In Southern blotting experiments (1-2 micrograms DNA per lane), restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) at an autosomal (D14S1) and a sex chromosomal (DXYS1) locus allowed recognition of maternally and embryonically derived alleles. Pure villi were obtained in six of the seven informative cases. One biopsy was not dissected satisfactorily; a mixture of embryonic and maternal DNA was found. Nonvillous tissues were mostly maternally derived in eight informative cases. Sex determination by molecular analysis (alleles at the DXYS1 locus) agreed with the karyotypes of uncultured or cultured villi. In one continuing pregnancy, distinct RFLPs indicated maternal inheritance of the alpha-thalassemia 1 trait in a female embryo without detectable maternal contamination. Reliable prenatal diagnosis depends on the specimen's purity. Maternal contamination can be evaluated by DNA analyses. PMID- 6517059 TI - A male-specific DNA probe detects heterochromatin sequences in a familial Yq- chromosome. AB - Using a recombinant DNA probe, we have demonstrated the presence of residual 3.4 kilobase (kb) repeat sequences in a family with a Yq- chromosome. The heterochromatin of this Y variant was not readily detectable with conventional chromosome-banding techniques. These data suggest that the breakpoint of the deletion occurs at the heterochromatin region proximal to the euchromatin/heterochromatin junction. PMID- 6517060 TI - Amniocyte collagen synthesis does not distinguish Duchenne muscular dystrophy. PMID- 6517061 TI - Multiple alleles in cystic fibrosis? PMID- 6517062 TI - Cystic fibrosis: mutations at more than one locus? PMID- 6517063 TI - Toxic air pollutants (TAP). PMID- 6517064 TI - Chromosome studies in human subjects chronically exposed to arsenic in drinking water. AB - A two-year study was carried out on human subjects of various ages and backgrounds who had been drinking water containing more than 0.05 mg/liter (0.05 ppm) arsenic for a period of at least five years. The main aim was to correlate the frequency of chromosome aberrations and sister chromatid exchanges in the lymphocytes with the amount of arsenic in the water. In addition, we explored the incidence of skin cancer, fetal wastage, and genetic or developmental abnormalities. Several other variables--eg, coffee, wine, and cigarette consumption; sex; residence (rural vs urban); and exposure to chemicals, smelters, or pesticides--were also taken into consideration. The data on chromosome aberrations (104 exposed and 86 control individuals) and on sister chromatid exchanges (98 exposed and 83 control individuals) did not show that arsenic at concentrations used by our population (greater than 0.05 mg/liter) has any effect on these parameters. Similarly, no other health effects of arsenic at these concentrations were found. PMID- 6517065 TI - Pneumoconiosis associated with exposure to glass and abrasive particles. AB - A patient with a history of decorating glass fixtures by means of abrasive etching presented with a disease characterized by diffuse infiltrates on chest roentgenogram and restriction and diffusion impairment on pulmonary function testing. Mineralogic analysis of biopsied pulmonary lesions showed particles consistent in composition to the glasses etched and abrasives used. The former particles were noncrystalline. Silicate mineral phases were identified as well, these displaying crystalline properties. Previous studies of workers exposed to abrasives, ie, silicon carbide and emery (as a form of corundum) suggest slight pneumoconiotic risk exists; this is also the case for workers exposed to forms of industrially made glass. The question is raised as to whether there exists, in this present case, an etiological association between exposure to respirable glassy particles and the development of pulmonary scarring. PMID- 6517066 TI - Piperazine-induced airway symptoms: exposure-response relationships and selection in an occupational setting. AB - The heterocyclic secondary amine piperazine is known to cause asthma. In a cohort of 602 workers, employed during the period 1942-1979, at a chemical industry where piperazine is handled, a study conducted by means of a mailed questionnaire showed a strong exposure-response relationship as to frequency of work-related airway symptoms indicating asthma. In the most exposed group about a third of the workers had experienced such symptoms. Age, length of employment, smoking habits, and previous work-related asthmatic symptoms, but not atopy, modified the response. Further, there was an association between piperazine exposure and chronic bronchitis. In the most exposed group every fourth subject had chronic bronchitis. The frequency was modified by smoking habits; atopy was a confounder. Although many subjects, especially high-exposed ones, left work because of airway symptoms, there was no difference in occurrence of airway symptoms between former and present employees, ie, no "healthy worker selection" ("survivor population effect"). PMID- 6517067 TI - Access to data on chemical composition of products used in auto repair and body shops. AB - Some information on chemical composition of products used in the workplace can be obtained by requesting composition data from product marketers. Workers in auto repair and body shops identified 253 products used in their shops. Full disclosure of composition was obtained for approximately 20% of the 174 products marketed by companies which answered our letters. Composition was partially disclosed for approximately 40% of the products, and about 10% of the product formulations were claimed to be trade secret or confidential. The study reported in this paper was carried out in New York State in 1980, before the effective date of the New York State right-to-know law. The results of this study can be used as a benchmark to judge the effectiveness of worker right-to-know laws and product labeling regulations. PMID- 6517068 TI - Emphysema in coal workers. PMID- 6517069 TI - The ILO international classification of radiographs of pneumoconiosis 1980: where do we go from here? PMID- 6517070 TI - The incidence and progression of pneumoconiosis over nine years in U.S. coal miners: I. Principal findings. AB - Chest radiographs, taken at a 9-year interval for 1,261 U.S. coal miners, were read for pneumoconiosis side-by-side by six readers in a controlled trial. Incidence and progression of small, rounded opacities were consistent with levels predicted from dose-response curves developed by the British Pneumoconiosis Field Research interpolated at a concentration derived from U.S. compliance levels mandated over the last 9 years. The results imply that the level of pneumoconiosis in U.S. miners is being reduced through application of the current 2 mg/m3 standard. The long developmental period for pneumoconiosis necessitates that further study be undertaken to verify this finding and to determine whether 2 mg/m3 is an appropriate regulatory dust level for the prevention of category 2 or greater simple pneumoconiosis over a 35-year period. PMID- 6517072 TI - The accuracy of self-reported regulatory data: the case of coal mine dust. AB - Coal-mine owners are required to measure miner exposures to respirable dust so that compliance with Federal health regulations can be monitored. This study analyzes the problem of possible underreporting of dust exposures. Using two statistical approaches, data for three mining occupations in 54 large underground coal mines during 1976-1978 are examined for evidence of underreporting. First, regression estimates compare dust concentrations reported by coal-mine owners with those reported by government health inspectors. Then, the statistical distribution of concentrations reported by coal-mine owners are examined for the size and nature of their deviation from log-normality. Both approaches suggest widespread underreporting. PMID- 6517071 TI - The incidence and progression of pneumoconiosis over nine years in U.S. coal miners: II. Relationship with dust exposure and other potential causative factors. AB - Examination of the incidence and progression of pneumoconiosis over 9 years in 1,261 nationally distributed U.S. coal miners has been undertaken in relationship to potential causative factors. Use has been made of a large body of data on dust levels collected by the Mine Safety and Health Administration principally for compliance purposes. Reported dust levels were low and generally under the current 2 mg/m3 standard. No link between dust level and disease progression could be detected. Some evidence was seen that radiological change was related to dust exposures prior to the study in both coal and noncoal mines, and thus experienced before the current dust standards were mandated. Neither migration of miners nor mining method appeared to be associated with disease incidence or progression. None of these findings can be taken as final, as the period of study is short and the number of cases of pneumoconiosis few. Further study is under way to obtain more reliable information over a longer period of follow-up. PMID- 6517073 TI - Reversible subacute ethylene glycol monomethyl ether toxicity associated with microfilm production: a case report. AB - The first reported case of a possible toxic effect of ethylene glycol monomethyl ether (EGME) exposure in the microfilm manufacturing industry is described. Reversible subjective central nervous system complaints and asymptomatic hematopoietic effects occurred following inhalation and skin exposure to EGME. Hematopoietic changes occurred at airborne levels which have been associated with reproductive and teratogenic effects in other studies. This finding leads to a recommendation for further research to determine whether or not hematopoietic medical surveillance can provide an indication of not only EGME hematopoietic effects but also an indication of sufficient EGME exposure to affect human reproduction and fetal development. PMID- 6517074 TI - Lead in finger-bone analysed in vivo in active and retired lead workers. AB - In 75 active lead workers the median lead level in finger-bone (bone-Pb), as determined in vivo by an X-ray fluorescence method, was 43 micrograms/g (range less than 20-122). In 32 retired workers the median level was even higher, 59 micrograms/g (range less than 20-135), which indicates a slow turnover rate of lead in finger-bone. This was confirmed in 18 of the "active" workers, in whom bone-Pb was studied in connection with an exposure-free period. In spite of a significant decrease in blood-lead levels (B-Pb), no systematic change of bone-Pb occurred. There was an increase of bone-Pb with time of employment, but with a large interindividual variation. No association was found between bone-Pb and present B-Pb in the active lead workers. However, in the retired ones, B-Pb rose with increasing bone-Pb. The bone-lead pool thus causes an "internal" lead exposure. PMID- 6517075 TI - A multivariate statistical method for the establishment of maximum allowable exposure to toxic materials in the workplace. AB - A model has been developed for setting standard limiting concentrations for toxic substances in the body fluid or tissues of industrial workers. The method is very flexible, and allows the use of either univariate or multivariate data, and of classification schemes which are either supervised, unsupervised, or partially supervised. An index of subclinical biological damage is derived which is used to determine an optimal limiting exposure level. The model is applied to the particular case of selecting a maximum allowable concentration of blood lead in workers in industrial settings where lead toxicity is a danger. PMID- 6517076 TI - Computerized operations manual for sterile products. PMID- 6517077 TI - Precipitation of verapamil with nafcillin. PMID- 6517078 TI - Dobutamine-heparin mixture inadvisable. PMID- 6517079 TI - Veterans Administration procedures for handling cytotoxic agents. PMID- 6517080 TI - Use of caffeine in neonates. PMID- 6517082 TI - Technicians in pharmacy organizations. PMID- 6517081 TI - Training hospital pharmacy technicians. PMID- 6517083 TI - Observational study of job satisfaction in hospital pharmacy technicians. AB - Intrinsic and extrinsic factors contributing to job satisfaction of pharmacy technicians in two community hospitals were studied. A pharmacy student employed part-time as a pharmacy technician by one of the hospitals observed fellow technicians in a wide range of job activities for 22 months. In a second hospital, the same student conducted similar observations during one summer while posing as a social researcher. Both hospitals had technician training programs providing classroom instruction and on-the-job training. Data were gathered primarily from informal conversations with technicians and pharmacists and by recording activities through notetaking. Formal training programs, praise from pharmacists, opportunities to train other technicians, diversity of job activities, and autonomy in coordinating work with time demands were identified as factors contributing to job satisfaction of technicians. Negative aspects of the job that employers attempted to circumvent or clarify were the unchallenging nature of the work and the limited opportunities for advancement. Technicians' and pharmacists' attitudes toward job enrichment for technicians are discussed, and suggestions for improving technicians' intrinsic and extrinsic job satisfaction are provided. A reliable cadre of pharmacy technicians is necessary for further expansion of clinical pharmacy services under current hospital budgetary restraints. In addition to modifying job activities to promote technicians' intrinsic job satisfaction, pharmacy managers can improve extrinsic satisfaction by providing adequate salaries, job security, and flexible work schedules. PMID- 6517084 TI - Pharmacy technician training in the United States Army. AB - Pharmacy technician training in the U.S. Army is described. The training program, officially titled the pharmacy specialist course, is conducted at the U.S. Army Academy of Health Sciences on Fort Sam Houston in San Antonio, Texas. The 17-week program is conducted six times a year, accommodating up to 75 students per class. Before entering the course, the soldiers must complete basic combat infantry training and a general medical orientation course. Standardized examinations are given to ensure the students have the basic prerequisite knowledge. The curriculum emphasizes psychomotor skills with laboratory requirements supported by didactic instruction. During the first seven weeks of the course, the students receive instruction in pharmacy administration, pharmaceutical chemistry, pharmaceutical calculations, and pharmaceutical preparations. The last nine weeks of instruction focus on pharmacology, physiology and pathology, and hospital pharmacy practice. The laboratory simulates a hospital pharmacy and is used exclusively for the training program. The students are continually evaluated and provided with individualized supportive counseling by the faculty. Overall attrition has remained at approximately 22% for fiscal years 1981, 1982, and 1983. Following graduation and assignment to a medical-treatment facility, the technicians have several opportunities for advanced training and continuing education. The proficiency and competency of the graduates are continually monitored by an annual skill qualification test. The pharmacy specialist course conducted by the U.S. Army, accredited by ASHP, can serve as a standard for the comprehensive vocational and technical training of pharmacy technicians. PMID- 6517085 TI - Six-month hospital-pharmacy-based technician training program. AB - A six-month training program for hospital pharmacy technicians is described. The development of this program was stimulated by the need to use departmental resources more efficiently and the desire of local hospital pharmacy directors to have trained technicians. Financial support was sought and received from the local Private Industry Council. The department selects 10 students and two alternates for each class on the basis of test performance and an interview. The program consists of 1014 scheduled hours of instruction. The first week is spent orienting the students to the program and general hospital pharmacy concepts. The next six weeks are spent in a laboratory where the students acquire their basic skills. The rest of the program, approximately 4.5 months, is spent in on-the-job training, additional didactic lectures, and field trips. The students are evaluated routinely throughout the program. At the end of the program, each participant is granted a certificate. Attrition has been low; three classes have completed the program, and 28 technicians have graduated. Twenty-five of these technicians are now employed full-time. Positive feedback has been received from the technicians' employers. This program meets the need of area hospital pharmacies to recruit trained technicians. PMID- 6517086 TI - Variable cost per dose of preparing and administering small-volume cephalosporin admixtures. Veterans Administration Pharmacy Service Study Group. AB - The nondrug variable cost per dose of preparing and administering small-volume cephalosporin admixtures was evaluated at six Veterans Administration Medical Centers (VAMCs). Six VAMCs that had pharmacy-operated i.v. admixture programs that routinely prepared small-volume injections (SVIs) were studied. The preparation methods observed and analyzed included individual and batch preparation of SVIs using partial-fill polyvinyl chloride containers and manufacturers' prefilled bottles. The administration methods studied were limited to dose administration using indwelling intermittent injection sites or SVI administration sets connected to primary continuous inline infusion sets. In estimating costs, average personnel salaries and material costs were used. The impact of changes in dosing frequency on nondrug costs was calculated using the estimated nondrug variable cost per dose and data gathered from i.v. profiles. Each VAMC was visited and observed for two or three days. The average nondrug variable cost per dose of the six VAMCs was $2.95. The nondrug variable cost per dose for the 16 different combinations of preparation and administration methods ranged from $1.01 to $6.11. The proportion of this cost attributable to materials ranged from 34% to 77% and was at least 64% in 14 of the combinations studied. Examples of projected savings resulting from reduced dosing frequency are given. Substantial savings in preparation and administration costs can occur if the frequency of administration is reduced through the use of longer-acting i.v. cephalosporins administered as SVIs. Total costs, however, will be less only if the higher cost of a day's supply of a longer-acting drug does not offset the savings achieved with less frequent administration. PMID- 6517087 TI - Comparative accuracy of five intravenous-fluid controllers. AB - The accuracy of five gravity-feed infusion-control devices was compared using a gravimetric method. Two nonvolumetric drop-counting devices (IVAC 230 and, IMED 350) and three volumetric devices (Quest/Cutter Infusor, Anatros Rateminder, and IVAC 260) were compared at four different flow rates (10, 40, 125, 250 ml/hr) using four different solutions and two head heights (30 and 100 cm). The mean error rates for the IVAC 230 and the IVAC 260 devices were consistently high and negative (-6.32 and -12.60%, respectively). The mean error rates for the IMED, Anatros, and Quest/Cutter devices were 2.2, 1.8, and 0.7%, respectively. Conversion charts must be used to account for variation in drop size when different solutions and flow rates are used in the IVAC 230 and IMED 350 devices. At the low flow rates, the 60-drop/ml sets were more accurate than the 20-drop/ml sets. Of the volumetric devices, the Quest/Cutter Infusor and the Anatros Rateminder were more accurate than the IVAC 260. The Quest/Cutter Infusor was the most accurate of all controllers tested. For volumetric devices that use drop counting technology, selecting an internal fluid code on the basis of solution ingredients is still necessary. For the new volumetric devices, conversion charts and fluid code selection are not necessary to achieve a high level of accuracy. PMID- 6517088 TI - Two methods for estimating body surface area in adult amputees. AB - Two methods for estimating body surface area (BSA) in adult amputees were developed. BSA in sq m was determined in 42 healthy, nonamputee men and women by summing the surface areas of individual body parts obtained using geometric measurements (BSAmeas) and by an equation using height and weight (BSAcalc). Linear regression analysis was used to determine correlations between BSAmeas and BSAcalc and between BSAmeas and surface-area measurements of individual body parts (SApart). The percentages of total BSA contributed by individual body parts in each subject were determined by the ratio of SApart to BSAmeas, and these percentages were compared with the corresponding percentages for body parts using the "Rule of Nines." BSAcalc and BSAmeas were significantly correlated, as were SApart and BSAmeas. Regression analysis of SApart versus BSAmeas yielded an equation for each measured body part that allowed calculation of SApart without direct measurement. SApart expressed as a percentage of total BSA differed from the percentage of BSA used in the "Rule of Nines" by a mean of 12.4-32% depending on the body part. Two methods of estimating BSA in amputees were proposed based on deduction of the surface area of the amputated part (calculated from the regression equation for SApart or as a percentage of total BSA) from total BSAcalc in adult amputees. The two methods developed in this study for estimating BSA may be useful in determining drug dosages in adult amputees and may provide more accurate information in burn therapy. Further studies are needed to validate the clinical application of these methods. PMID- 6517089 TI - Proceedings of a symposium: Calcium metabolism and calcium channel blockers for understanding and treating hypertension. PMID- 6517090 TI - Clinical significance of the association of the Von Hippel-Lindau disease with pheochromocytoma and pancreatic apudoma. AB - Von Hippel-Lindau disease (VHLD) is a rare disorder known to occur with pheochromocytoma. We report a case with this association and also with pancreatic apudoma. We believe that this is the fifth reported case of this triad, which represents an overlap in the multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) classification. Many recent reports of overlap of MEN syndromes challenge the validity of this classification. New understanding of the embryologic origin of cells of endocrine organs has led to the elucidation of the APUD (amine precursor uptake and decarboxylation)-neuroendocrine system. Integration of the APUD system may be important to understanding the pathogenesis of the MEN-like syndromes as well as their relationship to the neurocutaneous syndromes. Any endocrine tumor or neurocutaneous syndrome should be evaluated to exclude a spectrum of possible associations. PMID- 6517091 TI - Cryptococcal pneumonia: a fulminant presentation. AB - A 32-year-old presented with fulminant, bilateral airspace pneumonia due to Cryptococcus neoformans while under cytotoxic therapy for advanced Hodgkin's disease. We alert physicians to this rapidly progressive form of cryptococcosis which has been poorly described previously and which may closely mimic bacterial pneumonia. PMID- 6517092 TI - Left ventricular thrombus with normal left ventricular function and hyperaggregable platelets in a patient with polycystic disease of multiple organs. AB - Mural thrombus is a well-recognized cause of systemic embolization. A case is presented where systemic emboli occurred from a mural thrombus in a patient who had no underlying intrinsic heart disease but who had an apparent hypercoagulable state due to hyperaggregable platelets. This mural thrombus was diagnosed by two dimensional echocardiography in which it was observed that the left ventricular wall motion was normal. PMID- 6517093 TI - Homozygous NADH-methemoglobin reductase and aspartylglucosaminidase deficiencies in a moderately retarded Sicilian child. AB - We report on a 10-year-old boy with generalized deficiency of both NADH methemoglobin reductase and aspartylglucosaminidase. Although the two enzymatic defects, both autosomal recessive traits, are associated with severe mental retardation, the patient was less retarded than his sister who had only aspartylglucosaminuria. PMID- 6517094 TI - Borjeson-Forssman-Lehmann syndrome: further delineation in five cases. AB - We have studied five males with Borjeson-Forssman-Lehmann syndrome (BFLS) from two unrelated families. They had a characteristic facial appearance with prominent supraorbital ridges, deep-set eyes, ptosis, and large ears, as well as obesity, severe mental retardation, hypotonia, and hypogonadism. Ophthalmologic, EEG, and skeletal abnormalities were also present. The findings in several presumed or possible heterozygous women were evaluated and suggested a wide range of phenotypic effects varying between apparent normality to mild or moderately evident BFLS manifestations. The observed pattern of occurrence of the BFLS in our two families provides strong support for X-linked inheritance. In clinically normal female relatives at risk for being carriers of BFLS, we have been unsuccessful in identifying a reliable screening test. The condition in our and previously reported patients was contrasted with other malformation syndromes and our findings support the conclusion that BFLS is a distinct and clinically identifiable disorder. PMID- 6517095 TI - Del(15)(q22q24) syndrome with Potter sequence. PMID- 6517096 TI - Are the occasional aneuploid cells in peripheral blood cultures significant? AB - Cytogenetic results of 1,500 consecutive clinical cases from a young population were analyzed for rare cells with hypermodality (greater than or equal to 47 chromosomes) or hypomodality (less than or equal to 45 chromosomes). Such instances of non-modal chromosome gains or losses were random relative to referral diagnosis or modal karyotype. However, chromosome loss was correlated with size, smaller chromosomes being lost more frequently (correlation coefficient = 0.794). Sex chromosome gain or loss in vitro was of particular interest since mosaicism in vivo is frequently found in patients presenting with manifestations of Turner or Klinefelter syndrome. Cases with a referral diagnosis of sex chromosome abnormality showed no increased gain or loss of an X or Y chromosome when compared to other types of clinical cases. Our analyses suggest that when one non-modal cell is found with a gain or loss of a chromosome relevant to the referral diagnosis, then the results on a count of 40 cells should differentiate in vitro artifact from probable in vivo mosaicism with 95% degree of confidence. PMID- 6517097 TI - Prenatal diagnosis: the experience in families who have children. AB - Recent investigations have documented the potentially stressful nature of prenatal diagnostic testing but no systematic attention has been paid to the particular experiences of women who already have other offspring in the home. Some evidence suggests an alteration of parent-child relationships. Further support for need to inquire into this issue can be found in the extensive literature concerned with children's reactions to death and bereavement, as well as to miscarriage. Results are presented from a study of the experiences of families in which mothers used prenatal diagnostic testing. The sample consisted of 112 women drawn from an outpatient population receiving prenatal testing and their 175 living offspring who were 4 years old or older. Over two thirds of the mothers indicated they had told at least one child in the family about the testing, and children's reactions were characterized as very interested, with low to moderate levels of anxiety, worry, or confusion about the testing. More extreme, worrisome reactions were the exception. In a few cases children were reported to have been concerned about the possibilities of harm to the mother and about abortion. Some of the preschool age children seem to have been frightened by overly graphic descriptions of the procedure itself. A few mothers also voiced concerns that as a result of knowing about the testing their children might become frightened and feel less secure about their own imperfections. PMID- 6517098 TI - Ruvalcaba syndrome: autosomal dominant inheritance. AB - A kinship is described in which nine individuals in four generations were affected with the Ruvalcaba syndrome including postnatal growth retardation, an oval face with a high forehead, antimongoloid slant of palpebral fissures, small beaked nose with hypoplastic nasal alae, small downturned mouth with thin vermilion borders, pointed chin, and short fingers and toes. Less frequently seen were osteochondritis of the lumbar vertebral bodies, cone-shaped epiphyses of the phalanges, and narrow diaphyses of the metacarpals and metatarsals. None of the affected individuals was mentally retarded. The propositus, a 3-year-old boy, and his mother were typically affected, while his 8-month-old sister, the 55-year-old maternal grandfather, and his 46-year-old younger sister had several of these manifestations. Information on the remaining four affected relatives was incomplete. The syndrome was transmitted in a dominant fashion with variable expressivity. There were two instances of male-to-male transmission. This effectively ruled out X-linked inheritance. The transmission of the syndrome in three other reported pedigrees was also compatible with autosomal dominant inheritance with variable expressivity and incomplete penetrance. PMID- 6517099 TI - Recurrence risk estimation of acute intermittent porphyria based on analysis of porphobilinogen deaminase activity: a Bayesian approach. AB - Red cell porphobilinogen deaminase is known to be an indicator of the carrier state for acute intermittent porphyria (AIP). This enzyme was assayed in three groups of individuals at least 15 years old: 105 affected individuals or obligate carriers, 234 unaffected first-degree relatives of patients, and 217 unrelated control persons. Analysis of the distribution of the control enzyme activities suggested presence of three commingled distributions. Also, the overlap between carrier-group and control-group values must be taken into account for genetic counseling of relatives whose enzyme activity lies within the overlap. A Bayesian approach is proposed to derive risks for these individuals, using the observed carrier and control distributions. The method is illustrated by deriving risks for a family from our sample. PMID- 6517100 TI - Late-childhood-onset spinal muscular atrophy in three Melanesian families in Papua New guinea. AB - Late-childhood-onset spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) with rapid progression from proximal to distal muscle groups and leading to severe incapacity or death in adolescence or early adult life, was studied in two Melanesian families in Papua New Guinea. Probable SMA with cardiomyopathy was observed in a 12-year-old boy in a related family. The pattern of inheritance in the study group did not conform to any of the conventional Mendelian modes and it was conjectured that the disease was expressed in heterozygote carriers of the SMA gene only when an allelomorphic activator gene was present. PMID- 6517101 TI - Balanced rearrangement of chromosomes 2, 5, and 13 in a family with duplication 5q and fetal loss. AB - We have studied a family in which a mother and daughter (the proposita) had the karyotype 46,XX,ins(2;5),t(5;13). The mother had four spontaneous abortions, a mentally retarded son with duplication (5q), and a daughter who died at 3 months. The proposita had a phenotypically abnormal abortus. Rearrangements involving several chromosomes are very rare. Observations on this family are consistent with the predicted high likelihood of reproductive loss. PMID- 6517102 TI - Hyperpipecolic acidemia in neonatal adrenoleukodystrophy. AB - Serum pipecolic acid was measured in patients with neonatal adrenoleukodystrophy (NALD), sex-linked ALD, and the cerebrohepatorenal syndrome of Zellweger. Pipecolic acid was elevated, often markedly, in most of the patients with NALD but in none of those with X-linked ALD or adrenomyeloneuropathy, or in normal adults and children, or children with cirrhosis or other neurodegenerative disorders. The demonstration of elevated serum pipecolic acid in NALD adds to the previously recognized elevation of very-long-chain fatty acids (another Zellweger syndrome sign) and suggests that generalized peroxisomal dysfunction may be a characteristic of NALD as it appears to be of Zellweger syndrome, which diseases share some clinical characteristics. The nosologic significance of these findings is discussed. PMID- 6517103 TI - Cytogenetic diagnosis using midtrimester fetal blood samples: application to suspected mosaicism and other diagnostic problems. AB - Cytogenetic studies on fetal blood cells obtained at 18-25 weeks gestation have provided information for decision making in 25 cases identified as being at high risk of having an abnormal fetus. In particular, in the 21 cases studied to consider the possibility of true mosaicism, confirmation in fetal blood was obtained in three, one of which presented as a pseudomosaic on the original amniotic fluid cell study. Fetal blood was also informative in two cases (one positive and the other negative) in which a diagnosis of the fragile X syndrome was being considered. Furthermore, when high risk pregnancies presented late in gestation (21-24 weeks), these methods allowed for a rapid cytogenetic diagnosis. The procedure has proved useful in most of these cases since the couples involved had indicated that they would probably have terminated the pregnancy without the reassurance of normal fetal lymphocyte studies. Since the technique carries a much higher risk of pregnancy loss than does amniocentesis, its use should only be considered when there are compelling indications. PMID- 6517104 TI - Epidermolysis bullosa and amniotic bands. PMID- 6517105 TI - On the definition and classification of mental retardation. AB - A classification system of mental retardation was proposed based on etiology and IQs at least 2 SDs below the population mean. Social competence and performance capabilities of individuals with subaverage IQs were removed from definitional status and given prominence as correlates of class membership. The reliance on IQs to define mental retardation was predicated on the view that the behavioral sciences currently have no better measure of intellectual functioning, although promising efforts continue. The proclivity to avoid using the label "mentally retarded" was seen as ill-conducive to the betterment of knowledge in the field and detrimental to unlabeled individuals who are denied access to beneficial services. PMID- 6517106 TI - National census of residential facilities: a 1982 profile of facilities and residents. AB - A national census of all state-licensed residential facilities for mentally retarded persons was conducted in 1982. This census enumerated 243,669 mentally retarded residents living in 15,633 facilities on June 30, 1982. Information on characteristics of facilities (e.g., type, location, size, type of operator, reimbursement rates) is presented along with demographic/functional characteristics of residents (e.g., age, level of retardation, previous and subsequent placement). The census verified the existence of an extensive variety of residential living alternatives available to mentally retarded people. PMID- 6517107 TI - Family, community residence, and institutional placements of a sample of mentally retarded children. AB - The current residential placement of mentally retarded children living in an institution during the late 1970s was described, and the differences between children still in an institution, in a community setting, or with their natural families were analyzed. Results indicated that the majority of sampled children remained in institutional settings, and of those released, very few were placed in their natural home. Significant differences among the children in various settings were reported, and predictors of community vs. institutional placements were presented. PMID- 6517108 TI - The role of response-reinforcer relationship in discrimination learning of mentally retarded persons. AB - The role of the spatial relationship between target responses and reinforcers in the discrimination learning of mentally retarded subjects was evaluated. On each training trial, subjects were instructed to move a hand-operated manipulandum to a positive stimulus located at the left or right end of a track. Correct responses were immediately followed by onset of a light and presentation of an edible reinforcer. In the control condition the light and edible reinforcers were presented in a single location equidistant from the ends of the manipulandum track; in the experimental condition, they were presented directly adjacent to the terminus of the response at the end of the manipulandum track corresponding to the location of the correct stimulus. Results showed that discrimination performance was more efficient in the experimental condition than in the control condition. PMID- 6517109 TI - Effects of color on visual discrimination of geometric symbols by severely and profoundly mentally retarded individuals. AB - The effects of color on visual discrimination of symbols by severely and profoundly mentally retarded individuals were investigated. In Experiment 1, discriminative training with colors reliably associated with the backgrounds of symbols failed to transfer to those same symbols on black backgrounds. In Experiment 2, however, discriminative training with randomly colored symbols transferred to the same symbols in black. Transfer performance after training with randomly colored symbols was higher than was discriminative responding after identical training with black symbols. In Experiment 3, distinctive feature training with color randomly assigned only to distinctive features of symbols facilitated visual discriminations among symbols and transferred both to black whole symbols and black distinctive features at higher levels than did training with random coloration of entire symbols. These findings were discussed in terms of the attentional deficits of the subjects. PMID- 6517111 TI - Attitudes of parents/guardians of mentally retarded former state hospital residents toward current community placement. AB - Parents/guardians of former state hospital mentally retarded residents were surveyed through a mailed questionnaire to determine their satisfaction with their child's/ward's current residential placement. The vast majority of parents (90.5%) indicated that they were satisfied with their child's community placement and, in fact, preferred it to that of a state hospital placement. This finding, taken with the results of two previous studies (in which investigators found that parents of currently institutionalized mentally retarded persons wanted their child to remain in a state hospital), suggests that parents prefer that their child remain in his or her current placement, whether in the community or a state hospital. PMID- 6517110 TI - Time-series analysis of stereotyped movements: relationship of body-rocking to cardiac activity. AB - The pathological stereotypies frequently observed among severely mentally retarded and autistic persons are highly rhythmical in nature. Most attempts to quantify such behavior, however, have not analyzed stereotypy in terms of its cyclical properties. In the present paper we have detailed a method for electronically transducing stereotyped body-rocking and analyzing its frequency and amplitude characteristics with a standard polygraph and microprocessor. The relationship between stereotyped body-rocking and cardiac activity was also described using time-series analysis. The method described should provide a sensitive index of various experimental manipulations and treatment effects. PMID- 6517112 TI - Comparison of WAIS and WAIS-R scores of mildly and moderately mentally retarded adults. AB - The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) and the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised (WAIS-R) were administered to 29 mildly and moderately mentally retarded adults. The WAIS Verbal and Full Scale IQs were significantly lower than were corresponding WAIS-R IQs. This difference is an exception to the general pattern of IQs being higher for tests that were standardized earlier. The present results suggest that WAIS-R IQs will be much higher than WISC-R IQs. PMID- 6517114 TI - Evaluation of a method for teaching dressing skills to profoundly mentally retarded persons. AB - The present study was a systematic replication of Azrin, Schaeffer, and Wesolowski's (1976) method for teaching dressing skills to mentally retarded persons. Of the 3 profoundly retarded adults trained in this study, 2 attained criterion for independent undressing. No residents reached criterion on dressing despite as much as 108.2 hours of training. These results contrasted with those of Azrin et al. (1976), whose subjects reached criterion on all skills in an average of 12 hours. We also found that treatment gains were generally maintained through 3 months of follow-up. We concluded that although the program improved the clients' self-care skills, more research is needed to identify critical program and subject variables that may have accounted for the contrasting results between this study and the earlier work. PMID- 6517113 TI - Phonological process analysis of the speech of mentally retarded adults. AB - A phonological process analysis was performed on the speech of 20 mentally retarded adults. Results indicated that these subjects exhibited deletion of final consonant, cluster reduction, weak syllable deletion, and stopping. These processes are similar to those previously reported for mentally retarded children and unintelligible nonretarded children. Differences between subjects classified as moderately and severely retarded appear to be quantitative rather than in type of process exhibited. PMID- 6517115 TI - Effects of isolation by color on mentally retarded and nonretarded persons' recall of printed words. AB - Mentally retarded and nonretarded persons of equal mental age read lists of nine nouns presented simultaneously in a horizontal format. In the control condition all words were colored blue; in the experimental condition the fifth word was colored red (isolated). Recall of items when isolated was reliably higher than when not isolated for both groups. The proportion of fifth-position items recalled compared with total recall was almost identical for both groups whether or not the items were isolated. Results were discussed in terms of interference theory and the pedagogical implications of superior recall of words isolated by color. PMID- 6517116 TI - Successful treatment of dialysis osteomalacia and dementia, using desferrioxamine infusions and oral 1-alpha hydroxycholecalciferol. AB - A 54-year-old patient with fracturing dialysis osteomalacia and dementia demonstrated rapid deterioration following parathyroidectomy which was performed for sustained hypercalcemia. Reduction of the total body aluminum burden was attempted using desferrioxamine (DFO) as a chelating agent. After 6 months, DFO infusion resulted in sustained clinical remission of both neurological and skeletal symptoms, associated with an improvement in the EEG and improved mineralization of bone. A reduction in total body aluminum burden was reflected by reduced skeletal aluminum content, quantitated histochemically in iliac crest bone biopsies before and after DFO therapy. Dramatic increases in serum aluminum levels were documented in the initial weeks of DFO therapy leading to increased removal of aluminum during dialysis; in vitro studies indicated that the ultrafiltrable fraction of serum aluminum increased from 17 to more than 60% after initiating DFO treatment. However, after 6 months of therapy, serum aluminum levels remained unchanged after DFO infusion. These findings suggest that the serum aluminum response to DFO infusion might be a useful reflection of the total-body aluminum burden and also a reflection of the adequacy of a chelation program designed to reduce whole-body aluminum content. PMID- 6517117 TI - Relapsing polychondritis with segmental necrotizing glomerulonephritis. AB - Glomerulonephritis is a very unusual feature of relapsing polychondritis. A 16 year-old woman presented with microscopic hematuria and severe renal insufficiency during the course of relapsing polychondritis. A renal biopsy specimen disclosed focal segmental proliferative glomerulonephritis with necrotizing lesions and crescent formation. Immunofluorescent studies suggested immune complex mediated glomerular injury. The renal involvement appeared during high-dose steroid therapy. Subsequently, she was treated by adding plasmapheresis and cyclophosphamide during 6 weeks, with sustained improvement. A regimen of plasmapheresis and immunosuppression warrants consideration for use in cases of relapsing polychondritis with glomerulonephritis. PMID- 6517118 TI - Potassium wasting and other renal tubular defects with rifampin nephrotoxicity. AB - Interstitial nephritis consequent to rifampin was associated with potassium wasting, an acidifying defect, high fractional uric acid excretion, and glucosuria, indicating a multiplicity of renal tubular transport abnormalities. Enlarged kidneys on sonogram and proteinuria were also observed. PMID- 6517119 TI - Renal pathology forum. PMID- 6517120 TI - Effect of yellow-tinted lenses on contrast sensitivity. AB - The effectiveness of yellow-tinted lenses (Norton Visitor Wrap-Around) on contrast thresholds for achromatic sinusoidal gratings was measured on a large sample of healthy, young adults. These measurements were compared with those obtained through luminance-matched neutral goggles. Contrast sensitivity functions for stationary and drifting (2 cycles per second) gratings were measured on two groups of subjects. The results of both experiments show that those subjects demonstrating a subjective preference preferred the yellow tint to the neutral lenses by 2:1. Despite the subjective impression, however, contrast thresholds obtained with the yellow and neutral lenses were not statistically different for either the stationary or drifting gratings. PMID- 6517121 TI - Clinical prediction of postsurgical aphakic refractive correction. AB - A simple clinical predictor of the amount of spectacle convex lens power that will be needed to correct the refractive error of an aphakic patient after cataract surgery is developed based on clinical measures of anterior corneal surface power (keratometer measurements) and axial length. This predictor derived from matrix optics is compared to previous ones developed by Binkhorst and Sanders et al. using different methodologies. PMID- 6517122 TI - Effect of ophthalmic filter thickness on predicted monocular dichromatic luminance and chromaticity discrimination. AB - The majority of ophthalmic filters, whether they be in the form of spectacles or contact lenses, are absorbance type filters. Although color vision researchers routinely provide spectrophotometric transmission profiles of filters, filter thickness is rarely specified. In this paper, colorimetric tools and volume color theory are used to show that the color of a filter as well as its physical properties are altered dramatically by changes in thickness. The effect of changes in X-Chrom filter thickness on predicted monocular dichromatic luminance and chromaticity discrimination is presented. PMID- 6517123 TI - Contact lens wear problems: implications of penicillin allergy, diabetic relatives, and use of birth control pills. AB - A study was carried out on a random sample of contact lens patients seen in private practice. Some of these patients experienced contact lens wear problems including keratitis, hyperemia, and discomfort. The results indicate that: (1) Fifty percent of those who experienced problems with the wear of hard contact lenses had diabetic relatives. (2) It is likely that the wear of either hard or soft contact lenses is adversely affected by the use of birth control pills. (3) Forty-five percent of those patients who were allergic to penicillin experienced problems with soft contact lens care regimens containing thimerosal. Some implications of an immunological cross-reactivity between thimerosal-haptenated proteins and penicillin-haptenated proteins are discussed. PMID- 6517124 TI - Intraocular pressure response to inversion. AB - Intraocular pressure (IOP) response to hanging completely head-down (inversion) was measured in 26 healthy young subjects. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP) were also recorded. From the standing position, subjects were rotated 180 degrees and suspended by the ankles from a gravity inversion device. IOP and BP were measured in the standing position, immediately upon inverting, 3 min after inverting, immediately on return to the standing position and 3 min later. Subjects remained at rest during the test. Mean standing right eye IOP of 16.4 mm Hg and left eye IOP of 15.9 mm Hg increased to 34 and 31 mm Hg, respectively. Mean standing BP of 110/77 mm Hg increased to 130/90 mm Hg. Both IOP and BP remained elevated during inversion and decreased to near original values on return to the standing position. IOP significantly increases when the posture changes from standing to hanging completely head-down. PMID- 6517125 TI - Comparing thermal and chemical disinfection systems for the etafilcon A 58% water content contact lens. AB - Several high water content lenses (greater than or equal to 55%) have been approved for either thermal or chemical disinfection. Thermal disinfection has been reported to be contraindicated for higher water content lenses, yet no studies have been performed to show this with a high water content daily or extended wear lens approved for thermal disinfection. A three-phase clinical study was initiated in which eight previously successful soft contact lens wearers were fitted with etafilcon A lenses. The subjects were placed on an approved thermal disinfection regimen for the lens on the right eye, and on an approved chemical disinfection regimen for the lens on the left eye. Results show that thermal disinfection of the etafilcon A lenses results in lens discoloration and reduced lens performance over a short period of time, as compared to the chemically disinfected lenses which showed no compromise in fit or any discoloration. Possible causes of the poor performance and appearance of the thermally disinfected lenses are discussed. PMID- 6517126 TI - Longitudinal study of vision in cerebral palsy. AB - Sixty-five percent of a predominantly young cerebral palsy population of 34 showed refractive error changes greater than 0.75 D over an average period of 11 years. Tropias were relatively stable. Differences between medical diagnostic categories were found. The current study is related to an earlier study by the same author. PMID- 6517127 TI - A normative study of the accommodative lag in elementary school children. AB - Limited normative information is available regarding the accommodative lag of elementary school children. The accommodative lag of approximately 100 children in each of the grades kindergarten to grade six was measured using the Monocular Estimate Method (MEM) of dynamic retinoscopy. Children were selected on the basis of passing school screening using Modified Clinical Technique (MCT) criteria. Habitual spectacle corrections were worn and MEM retinoscopy was performed at the child's usual working distance. The mean lag for the total population of children was OD +0.33 D (+/- 0.35), OS +0.35 D (+/- 0.34). Scatter plots show a weak relation between MEM and the other variables; however, the one-way analysis of variance of MEM against age and grade show that a dependency exists. PMID- 6517128 TI - A comparison of the Cavitron Biotronics tonometer to the Goldmann tonometer. AB - The Cavitron Biotronics tonometer operates on a principle similar to the Mackay Marg tonometer by applanating the cornea with a probe and a 1.5 mm plunger. Measurements made with the Mackay-Marg tonometer have been shown to correlate with measurements made by other tonometers, but there are no reports of the validity or reliability of the Cavitron Biotronics tonometer. In this study, comparisons were made between intraocular pressure measurements obtained with the Cavitron Biotronics tonometer and the Goldmann tonometer. In addition, the test retest reliability of the Cavitron Biotronics tonometer was examined. PMID- 6517129 TI - Users' and nonusers' evaluations of the CPF 550 lenses. AB - Thirty-six subjects completed questionnaires on their experiences wearing the CPF 550 lenses. Twenty-six subjects [21 with retinitis pigmentosa (RP)] were users of the 550's and 10 subjects (6 with RP) were nonusers who had rejected the 550's after a trial period. Subjects were asked about such factors as effects on adaptation time, ocular comfort, visual functioning, acceptability of tint strength in various lighting conditions, cosmetic appearance, effects of weather, and replacement intent. Users reported reduced adaptation time in changes of illumination, increased ocular comfort, improved visual functioning with the exception of poor color discrimination, and cosmetic acceptability. Satisfaction with tint strength varied with degree of illumination; usefulness in different types of weather also varied depending on the condition. Nonusers' responses were mixed; they were less likely to report improvements with the CPF 550 lenses compared to the users' group. PMID- 6517130 TI - Visually related headache in a preschooler. AB - A female patient, age 4, presented with the chief complaint of severe headaches. Onset was within the past year. A neurological evaluation was conducted with negative results. Our testing revealed a moderate hyperopic refractive error, a marked lag of accommodation, and reduced stereopsis. The refractive error was corrected and a 6 week follow-up evaluation was performed. Correction of the refractive error resulted in abatement of the headache complaint, improved visual function, and improved preschool performance. PMID- 6517131 TI - Temporal bone banks and laboratories in the United States. PMID- 6517132 TI - Rotation vestibular testing. PMID- 6517133 TI - Auditory evoked potentials--the cochlear summating potential in detection of endolymphatic hydrops. AB - With an expanded clinical and normative SP amplitude series, we have re-examined the incidence of SP enlargement in clinically defined Meniere and cochlear ears. The overall incidence of SP enlargement in the expanded series is somewhat less than that found in our previous study (56% versus 68%). This difference may be due to considerable preselection of patients included in the previous smaller clinical population, since many of these patients were recruited for the study because of diagnosed Meniere's disease. In contrast, the present, larger clinical population was selected from our normal service referral base, and thus contains a much higher percentage of diagnostic problems. The comparison between SP enlargement and hearing levels demonstrates that the SP test for Meniere's disease must be interpreted in the light of high-frequency hearing levels. If the patient has normal or near-normal hearing (4- to 8-kHz hearing levels 25 dB or less), SP enlargement will not be a good criterion for detecting the presence of Meniere's disease. Gibson and colleagues and Kumagami and associates have reported similar observations. Also, in the presence of severe high-frequency hearing loss (above about 70 dB), SP enlargement occurs relatively infrequently among ears with clinical diagnoses of Meniere's disease. However, in the mid range (25 to 70 dB) of high-frequency loss, SP enlargement appears to provide a reasonably accurate test for Meniere's disease (with a "hit rate" among clinically defined Meniere ears of about 71%).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6517134 TI - Tests for autoimmune disease in otology. PMID- 6517135 TI - Allergy testing in otology. AB - The allergic etiologic factors in many otologic diseases are becoming increasingly apparent. Recent advances in the understanding of mechanisms in atopic allergic reactions have resulted in the development of highly accurate diagnostic tools. The development of the radioallergosorbent test (RAST) for determining specific IgE has lead to very effective techniques of immunotherapy. Unfortunately, the mechanisms involved in nonatopic sensitivity, such as that found in food and chemical allergies, are still poorly understood. It is hoped that research will reveal the mechanisms of nonatopic disease and lead to effective in vitro diagnosis and treatment. Regardless of which techniques are used in diagnosis and treatment, education of the allergy patient is imperative to ensure that long-lasting good results are obtained. PMID- 6517136 TI - Tinnitus: surgical therapy. PMID- 6517137 TI - Current medical treatment for facial palsy. AB - Medical treatment for facial palsy includes an accurate diagnosis and reliable estimate of prognosis as well as appropriate medication. Cranial polyneuritis (Bell's palsy and Ramsay Hunt syndrome), the most common cause of facial palsy, is an inflammatory, autoimmune, demyelinating disease best treated by parenteral steroids without surgical intervention. The antiviral agent acyclovir is now being tested as an adjunct to or replacement for steroid therapy. Trauma, the second most common cause of facial palsy, is often treated with steroids, but no controlled study has ever been performed. However, animal experiments clearly demonstrate that steroid treatment of a compressed facial nerve accelerates repair of the mechanical injury and decreases time of recovery. Acute otitis media with facial palsy is best treated with myringotomy, appropriate antibiotics, and steroid therapy. The use of steroids with antibiotics improves the resolution of middle ear exudate fourfold, compared with the use of antibiotics alone. Other treatment modes in selected cases are discussed. Physiotherapy in the form of electrical stimulation of the facial muscles is not advised. PMID- 6517138 TI - Indications for surgery for Bell's palsy. AB - Transmastoid surgical decompression of the facial nerve was found to have no positive effect in recovery from facial nerve function in patients with Bell's palsy. Since the risks of such surgery are greater than the benefits, this procedure should not be performed on patients with Bell's palsy unless a tumor is suspected. A mass lesion is suspected if there is complete paralysis and loss of response to evoked electromyography within the first 2 weeks after onset of the palsy or if there is recurrent facial paralysis on the same side. Rehabilitation surgical procedures should be reserved for patients with acute Bell's palsy with keratitis unresponsive to medical therapy or for those seen late in the course of the disease to correct undesirable sequelae. PMID- 6517139 TI - Prevention and management of iatrogenic facial palsy. PMID- 6517141 TI - A new concept in management of facial palsy. PMID- 6517140 TI - Hemifacial spasm. PMID- 6517142 TI - Classification of endolymphatic hydrops. PMID- 6517143 TI - Titration streptomycin therapy for bilateral Meniere's disease: a progress report. PMID- 6517145 TI - Vestibular nerve section for Meniere's disease. PMID- 6517144 TI - Medical and surgical management of Meniere's disease. AB - Meniere's disease has been the focus of much controversy concerning its etiology and pathophysiology, not to mention treatment. A brief review is presented of the major proposed causative factors and therapy, both medical and surgical, founded upon these theories. We also present the diagnostic evaluation and therapeutic modalities employed by The Otology Group, P.C., as well as long-term, follow-up data on our patients. PMID- 6517146 TI - Cochlear endolymphatic shunt. PMID- 6517147 TI - Retrolabyrinthine vestibular nerve section: a preliminary report. PMID- 6517148 TI - Retrolabyrinthine vestibular neurectomy with simultaneous monitoring of eighth nerve action potentials and electrocochleography. AB - Since November 1978, we have used retrolabyrinthine vestibular neurectomy in 29 of 42 cases as the primary procedure to relieve vertigo in Meniere's disease. The results indicate that 67% of patients had no vertigo postoperatively, while 21% were much improved. Hearing was maintained within 20 dB of the preoperative level in 78%. Simultaneous intraoperative electrocochleography and eighth nerve action potentials were used to monitor auditory function in the last fourteen cases using an Amplaid Mark V evoked potential signal processor. It appears that the intraoperative electrocochleography after vestibular neurectomy can be used as an indicator of postoperative auditory function. The retrolabyrinthine vestibular neurectomy has replaced the middle fossa vestibular neurectomy and the endolymphatic subarachnoid shunt in our practice. PMID- 6517149 TI - Allergic therapy for Meniere's disease. PMID- 6517150 TI - Placebo effect in surgery for Meniere's disease: a three-year follow-up study of patients in a double blind placebo controlled study on endolymphatic sac shunt surgery. AB - In a previously published double blind, placebo controlled study, the efficacy of an endolymphatic sac-mastoid shunt was compared with a purely placebo operation (mastoidectomy) in controlling the symptoms in 30 patients with typical Meniere's disease. Minor differences could be demonstrated after one year between patients with the shunt versus the sham operation, but the greatest difference was between the pre- and postoperative scores, and both groups improved significantly. It was concluded that the impact of the various endolymphatic sac shunts upon the symptoms in patients with Meniere's disease is highly unspecific, and that the 70% improvement in both our groups was most likely caused by a placebo effect. The patients have now been regularly followed for a minimum of 3 years and the symptoms registered whenever present. The results of hearing tests, the patients' own evaluation, and the investigator's evaluation (while still unaware of the type of operation in each patient) show that the 3-year results are the same as our results from the first year: no significant difference could be found between the two groups. PMID- 6517151 TI - A genetic model of dental reduction through the probable mutation effect. AB - A simulation approach is used in order to elucidate the nature of the hypothesized "probable mutation effect" as it applies to dental reduction in man. Computer-generated simulations of the accumulation of mutations in a human gene pool show the results of the proposed model under the influence of various parameters, as well as illustrating the nature of such genetic change through time. This approach supports a polygenic model of the probable mutation effect as a viable hypothesis for an explanation of the dental reduction which has occurred in some human populations over the last 40,000 years. PMID- 6517152 TI - Erythrocyte and HLA antigens of Atacameno Indians. AB - The present study reports the results of erythrocyte antigen typing for the following systems: ABO, MN, Rh, Kell, Duffy, and Diego in roughly 180 Atacameno Indians from the oasis of Toconao, northern Chile. A subsample was tested for variation at the histocompatibility loci A, B, and C. Results agree with previous findings based on smaller samples. Caucasian admixture of the Atacameno from Toconao was estimated to be 0.056 +/- 0.022. PMID- 6517153 TI - Relationship between heterozygosity and genetic distance in the three major races of man. AB - In pairwise comparisons of gene frequency data from the three major races of man, the single locus measures of the heterozygosity within and the genetic distance between races are shown to be strongly correlated across the loci coding for red cell proteins and enzymes. The intercept of the regression line of genetic distance on heterozygosity in protein enzyme loci is statistically insignificant. These findings suggest that the genetic variability at the enzyme and protein loci in man is probably maintained by a balance of mutation and random genetic drift. At the blood group loci, however, the observed relationship between genetic distance and heterozygosity does not follow the expectation of the neutral mutation hypothesis. These observations are discussed in terms of the changes in probability of identical monomorphism in two populations during the process of gene differentiation. PMID- 6517154 TI - Mechanism of intraoral transport in macaques. AB - All mammals have the same divisions of cyclic movement of tongue and hyoid during mastication: a protraction or forward phase that begins at minimum gape, and a retraction or return phase. Nonanthropoid mammals transport food from the oral cavity to the oropharynx during the return phase; food on the dorsal surface of the tongue moves distally while the tongue is retracted. Macaques, however, transport food during the protraction phase of tongue/hyoid movement. Food is squeezed posteriorly by contact between the tongue surface and the palate anterior to the food. This mechanism of transport is occasionally seen in nonanthropoid mammals when they are transporting liquids from the oral cavity to the oropharynx. It has, however, not been seen when these mammals transport solid food. One morphological basis for this difference is the reduction in height of the rugae of the palate of macaques. In most mammals these rugae are pronounced ridges that are able to hold food in place during protraction as the tongue slides forward beneath the food. Anthropoids and other mammals differ in the way they store food prior to swallowing. When macaques transport food to the oropharynx, usually they swallow in the next cycle, but always in the next 2 or 3 cycles. Most mammals transport and store food in the oropharynx for several cycles before a swallow clears that region of food. This behavior is correlated with differences in morphology of the oropharynx; anthropoids have reduced valleculae, the area in which other mammals store food prior to swallowing. PMID- 6517155 TI - Fluctuating dental asymmetry and measurement error. AB - Differences between the dimensions of left and right molar teeth are analyzed in the context of measurement error while considering the power of the F-Ratio. Molar teeth from two Nubian cemeteries, 24-S-46 and 21-R-2, excavated at Kulubnarti, Sudan, were initially measured, and then remeasured to obtain data for assessing fluctuating dental asymmetry and measurement error. As has been demonstrated by other investigators, the power of the F-Ratio for detecting small, but real differences, that might exist between antimeric dimensions when sample sizes are small, as they usually are with archeological materials, limits interpretation. In addition, an analysis of measurement error indicates that such error can have a confounding effect upon interpretations of the degree of fluctuating dental asymmetry that exists even in very large samples that exceed the size of typical archeological samples. PMID- 6517156 TI - Anthropometric and genetic distance between Gonds of Central India. AB - A morphological and genetic study was undertaken on five Gondi-speaking populations of Central India (Andhra Pradesh and Maharashtra States). There has been no systematic biological study on this large Dravidian-speaking tribal group, 4 million in number, amounting to 13% of the total tribal population of India. Data was collected on 16 anthropometric measurements and seven genetic markers (blood groups, hemoglobin, G6PD and plasma protein polymorphisms) on the Raj Gonds, Kolams, Manne, Koyas and Plains Maria Gonds. Various genetic distance measures such as Mahalanobis's D2 and Nei's and Sanghvi's measures and cluster analysis techniques were used to determine the relationship between these groups based on anthropometrics and genetic variables. The statistical analysis revealed the Gonds to be a heterogenous group in both morphology and genetic characteristics. The morphological and genetic distances between these five groups when projected graphically revealed that the spatial distribution of these Gonds generally corresponds to their present geographical distribution. However, the actual relationships among each of the Gond populations show differences when based on these two biological variables, the possible reasons for this being discussed in the paper. The emphasis of this study is on the importance of geographical proximity in producing morphological and genetic similarity between populations, brought about by a short distance as well as similar geographical factors (such as soil, terrain, flora, etc.) drawing these populations together under a common ecocultural umbrella. PMID- 6517157 TI - A statistical evaluation of the basis for predicting stature from lengths of long bones in European populations. AB - The differences between the variance structures of the bivariate pairs (height, length of the femur) and (height, length of the tibia) are insignificant when estimated from male and female samples of European derived populations, thus the regression lines for the predictions of height are parallel. The variance of height in samples of predicted heights is discussed and the consequences for the statistical analysis of average heights are indicated. PMID- 6517158 TI - On the measurement of cranial thickness at nasion on cephalographs. AB - Cranial bone thickness at nasion is difficult to measure by the conventional method of drawing a line at right angles to the tangent at nasion on the outer table. The difficulty arises from a lack of uniformity of the arc in this region. The proposed use of a constructed line, drawn at 30 degrees to the anterior projection of the Frankfort horizontal plane, provides an accurate, easily reproducible, and compatible alternative method of measurement. PMID- 6517159 TI - The physical growth of urban children at high altitude. AB - The physical growth of urban Aymara children residing in La Paz, Bolivia (3,600 m) is described and compared with Amerindian children residing at low and high altitudes and with low-altitude U.S. children. The sample consists of 227 males (10.6-19.7 yr) and 219 females (11.2-19.8 yr). The urban La Paz children were taller at all ages than rural high altitude Amerindian children but similar in stature to urban high altitude children from Peru. The variation in stature among the high altitude populations was considerable, amounting to average differences between the tallest and shortest samples of about 10 cm in males and 8 cm in females. In addition, stature in the two urban high altitude samples was similar to that of rural low-altitude Amerindians. This overlapping of the distributions of stature in high- and low-altitude populations could easily confound comparisons designed to determine the effects of hypoxia on physical growth. La Paz Aymara children had considerably smaller chest sizes relative to stature than high-altitude Quechua children. However, the available data indicates that relative chest sizes are similar in Aymara and Quechua adults, suggesting that the process by which large chests are achieved may differ between these Andean populations. PMID- 6517160 TI - Limb bone allometry in primates: a test of the elastic similarity model. AB - Morphometric data on postcranial elements of ten species of Old World primates are used to test the elastic similarity model of limb scaling. The data are divided into three groupings to exclude as much variation due to differences in locomotor adaptation as possible. The data on skeletal diameters fits the model reasonably well. The length results, however, are generally not in conformity with the model's predictions. PMID- 6517162 TI - Olfactory cuing of autobiographical memory. AB - In Experiment 1, subjects were presented with either the odors or the names of 15 common objects. In Experiment 2, subjects were presented with either the odors, photographs, or names of 16 common objects. All subjects were asked to describe an autobiographical memory evoked by each cue, to date each memory, and to rate each memory on vividness, pleasantness, and the number of times that the memory had been thought of and talked about prior to the experiment. Compared with memories evoked by photographs or names, memories evoked by odors were reported to be thought of and talked about less often prior to the experiment and were more likely to be reported as never having been thought of or talked about prior to the experiment. No other effects were consistently found, though there was a suggestion that odors might evoke more pleasant and emotional memories than other types of cues. The relation of these results to the folklore concerning olfactory cuing is discussed. PMID- 6517161 TI - Analysis of treatments to alleviate forgetting in rats. AB - Two experiments with rats investigated the effectiveness of prior-cuing treatments for alleviating forgetting of aversive conditioning. The aim was to see which retrieval cues would be most effective within different contexts. Experiment 1 examined the contexts of classical fear conditioning and instrumental avoidance training. The results indicated that the response components were sufficient to reinstate avoidance training, whereas the unconditioned stimulus (US) was most effective for classical fear conditioning. In Experiment 1, the reinforcer per se was ineffective in reinstating instrumental avoidance training. Experiment 2 manipulated the training context and found that the US could be made an effective prior-cuing treatment for instrumental training if classical conditioning components were more prevalent during training. These results are interpreted to mean that a "critical context" must be reinstated by the cuing treatment if this treatment is to promote retrieval of the memory. PMID- 6517163 TI - Complexity effects on reaction-time measures of visual persistence: evidence for peripheral and central contributions. AB - Two experiments are presented that attempt to determine the effect of operationally defined stimulus complexity on visual persistence. Two common measures of complexity are employed in both experiments. In Experiment 1, visual persistence for high-contrast, solid black figures increases with increasing target duration and with decreasing complexity. In Experiment 2, which uses outline figures of the same sizes and shapes as in the first experiment, visual persistence increases both with increasing target duration and with increasing complexity. It is proposed that the very different results from the two experiments may reflect the separate functioning of a visible, sensory persistence and a higher order, schematic persistence. The reaction-time (RT) measure of persistence that was employed may be sensitive to either of these persistences, depending upon stimulus and task conditions. Implications are suggested for (a) the importance of sensory processes in some manipulations of target complexity and (b) the possible role of peripheral and central factors in visual persistence. PMID- 6517164 TI - Measures of displacement and type of background in apparent motion with random dot cinematograms. AB - The primary purpose of the studies presented was to determine whether stimulus displacement in random-dot cinematogram apparent motion should be measured in terms of relative or absolute distance, while taking into account the effect of number of displaced elements. Support for each measure has been reported in the literature (Braddick, 1974; Lappin & Bell, 1976). A secondary purpose was to test a basic assumption about the generalizability of results in the random-dot cinematogram literature by determining whether the same results may be obtained using cinematograms with a constant-background field as with cinematograms with a varied-background field. For varied-background cinematograms, the clarity of apparent motion decreased as relative displacement increased. The number of elements in the target square was also found to affect the ratings. These findings support a global rather than strictly local process for perceptually segregating areas of random-dot texture based upon motion. For constant background cinematograms, factors different from those affecting varied background cinematograms determined the clarity of apparent motion. PMID- 6517165 TI - The current status of individual short-term dynamic psychotherapy and its future: an overview. AB - In this paper an overview of the status of individual short-term dynamic psychotherapy in Europe and in North America is presented. Special emphasis is placed on the criteria for selection of suitable patients, on the technical interventions that are being utilized by various workers in this field, and on the follow-up results. PMID- 6517166 TI - On the question of bisexuality. AB - If the homosexual-heterosexual range is a continuum, individuals at the midpoint should be characterized by equal frequency, equal pleasure, and relatively random sex choice of their partners. A small sample of bisexuals, self-identified according to these criteria, was interviewed. If these individuals are typical, sexual choice is dichotomous, rather than continuous, and inferences based on a continuum are untenable. PMID- 6517167 TI - Group psychotherapy in the 1980s: problems and prospects. AB - The phenomenal rise that group psychotherapy has experienced during the last 30 years, is likely to continue. Short-term and more superficial group modalities will prevail, however, with long-term psychoanalytic group treatment becoming relegated to the private sector. The current trend toward pragmatism and eclecticism in group-psychotherapy theorizing and technical experimentation, is bound to persist. In research, the focus will need to be on the delineation of the therapeutic factors which are unique to the group method. Circumscribed outcome studies will also emerge, geared to specific patient categories, intervention models, patient-therapist fit, and especially session frequency and duration. PMID- 6517168 TI - Early treatment of child incest victims. AB - The author addresses the conduct of beginning psychotherapeutic work with incestuously assaulted children from preschool through adolescent ages. She sets forth a conceptualization of early treatment that includes knowledge of risk factors; identification of cases; physical and laboratory evaluations; and crisis treatment. She relates in detail specific techniques and tools used in interviewing that augment the clinician's psychiatric understanding of the child incest victim. PMID- 6517170 TI - Are religious compulsions religious or compulsive: a phenomenological study. AB - Religious compulsions in four patients are presented to show the phenomenological similarities and differences between religious and compulsive rituals. The role of religious ritual observance in predisposing to obsessive-compulsive neurosis is discussed and minor modifications in the usual course of behavioral treatment are suggested. The proportion of religious compulsions among obsessive-compulsive neurotics is compared with two other populations studied. PMID- 6517169 TI - Emotional and cognitive factors in the borderline profile. AB - Profiles of ego functions of borderline patients are studied. Three ego functions were found to be significantly more disturbed: reality testing, object relations, and defense mechanisms. Further analysis of these and their subfunctions reveals a significant difference between emotional and cognitive factors. Emotional internal functions are the more disturbed. This consistent difference illuminates the style of functioning of borderline patients. PMID- 6517171 TI - Behavior therapy of anxiety disorders: motivating the resistant patient. AB - The authors discuss several psychotherapy techniques that mix well and are often indispensable adjuncts in the behavioral therapy of treatment-resistant anxiety disorder patients. These include psychoeducation, family therapy, psychodynamic interpretations, paradoxical injunctions, and assertiveness training. Multimodal approaches are often indicated with patients who would otherwise not tolerate exposure treatment. PMID- 6517172 TI - Fantasized companions and suicidal depressions: two case reports. AB - Two acutely suicidal adult patients with fantasized companions integral to the formation of suicide intent are presented. The phenomenon of the fantasized companion is reviewed, differentiated from true hallucinatory or psychotic phenomena, and related to other fantasy and dissociative states, such as daydreaming and multiple personalities. In this regard, the concept of hysterical psychosis is discussed. The functions served by the fantasized companions and their involvement in the successful treatment of the patients are described. PMID- 6517173 TI - Turner's syndrome: assessment and treatment for adult psychiatric patients. AB - Turner's Syndrome and its associated problems are discussed. The developmental/adaptational difficulties surrounding Turner's Syndrome necessitate a comprehensive treatment approach, with a special emphasis on psychological assessment of "space-form blindness." A case history of assessment and treatment is presented to illustrate this approach. PMID- 6517174 TI - Case report of conversion catatonia: indication for hypnosis. AB - The author describes the successful hypnotic treatment of a patient with an acute catatonic reaction. Because conversion mechanisms may underlie some presentations of catatonia, hypnosis may assist clinicians in the differential diagnosis of acute catatonic conditions. PMID- 6517175 TI - Long-term psychotherapy of Munchausen syndrome. AB - In this paper we describe the long-term outpatient psychotherapy of a patient with Munchausen syndrome. We present detailed observations on the role of current object relations in the evolution of factitious symptoms, and discuss the communicative aspects of this behavior. PMID- 6517176 TI - Shared religious belief as resistance in psychotherapy. AB - The authors report on a case in which the shared belief system of patient and therapist acted as a resistance. Discussion focuses on analysis of this problem from clinical and religious viewpoints, and some technical suggestions on management of the resistance are offered. PMID- 6517177 TI - Characterization of antibodies to a placenta-specific antigen cross-reacting with a choriocarcinoma cell line. AB - Antibodies were raised in rabbits to purified human term placental villous plasma membrane. These were cytotoxic to human peripheral blood lymphocytes and manifested cross-reactivity to kidney and liver. After absorption with these tissues, reactivity was retained with placental villous plasma membrane. The placental-specific antiserum was fully reactive with BeWo choriocarcinoma cells, but was devoid of reaction with a human myeloma tumor cell line (GM2132). The antibodies were cytotoxic to BeWo in the presence of complement, as determined by trypan blue uptake, 51Cr release, and inhibition of uptake of 3H-thymidine. PMID- 6517178 TI - Effects of placental extracts on the immune response to histocompatibility antigens: class deviation of alloantibody response and allograft enhancement. AB - Placental extracts obtained from CBA (H-2k) mice during syngeneic (CBA female X CBA male) pregnancy were evaluated for their capacity to deviate the immune reaction of CBA mice toward A/J(H-2a) immunizing spleen cells, as tested by alloantibody subclass formation and Sa 1 allograft accelerated rejection-or enhancement. The immunomodulatory activity appeared to be located in the soluble and in the insoluble extracts of placenta. The sodium deoxycholate (SDO) solubilized proteinic material, fractionated on Concanavalin A [Con A] and injected to CBA mice simultaneously with A/J spleen cells caused a suppression of the hemagglutinating titer and C-mediated cytotoxicity (IgG2). However, it also favoured antibody-mediated mast cell degranulation (IgG1) and Sa 1 allograft enhancement. The presence and role of IgG1 antibodies in both tumor enhancement and gestation has been described. It is concluded that placenta contains Con A binding glycoproteins which are located in the membranes and released in soluble form. They exert their immunomodulatory effect in a way which might help the successful outcome of pregnancy as it helps to enhance the development of allografted sarcoma. PMID- 6517179 TI - Transplacental alloimmunization to fetal erythrocytes in rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta). AB - Evidence of transplacental immunization in rhesus monkeys was obtained by testing postpartum sera from 252 females for antierythrocyte agglutinins. One-third of the sera contained antibodies reactive with the mates' or the newborns' cells. Fetal erythrocytes were detected in the maternal circulation as early as 8 weeks after conception and as late as 12 days postpartum. Maternal antibodies were detected as early as 2 months after conception and persisted for more than 3 weeks postpartum. It was concluded that the fetal cells stimulated antibody production. Several features of transplacental immunization differ between rhesus monkeys and humans. A parity effect was not observed in rhesus. In fact, 33% of primiparous rhesus females produced antibodies. Also, several of the different allogeneic blood group factors appeared to be immunogenic but differed in immunopotency. Finally, direct antiglobulin tests indicated that erythrocytes of 11% of newborns were coated with maternal antibodies. Nevertheless, in contrast to humans, hemolytic disease was not observed. PMID- 6517180 TI - Anticomplementary activity in human semen and its possible importance in reproduction. AB - We demonstrated anticomplementary activity on once-washed human sperm, and in normal and vasectomized seminal plasmas. It was demonstrated to be a normal component of human semen. The origin of the activity is proposed to be the seminal plasma with sperm adsorption of activity. The properties of the seminal anticomplementary factor were characterized further, and the molecular size was shown to be less than 3500 daltons. Reduced anticomplementary activity was found to be associated significantly with abnormal semen profiles and infertility in males. The activity in seminal plasma was shown to have no effect on complement dependent sperm immobilizing antibodies in the serum of an infertile woman, implicating an effect on the post-C3 components of the complement pathway. The inhibition of complement-dependent haemolysis and the lack of inhibition of complement-dependent sperm immobilization by the anticomplementary factor are considered in the implications of the role of seminal anticomplementary activity in reproduction. PMID- 6517181 TI - Intraepithelial eosinophils in endoscopic biopsies of adults with reflux esophagitis. AB - A consecutive series of 50 adult patients was reviewed to evaluate the utility of endoscopic grasp biopsies of the esophagus in the diagnosis of reflux esophagitis. Endoscopic and histologic features were independently recorded and correlated. Measurements of basal zone thickness, papillary height, and vascular dilatation were possible in only 14% of the cases because of limited specimen orientation. However, 62% of the patients had other histologic features of esophagitis, including intraepithelial eosinophils, intraepithelial neutrophils, and epithelial necrosis. Intraepithelial eosinophils were the most frequent abnormality; they were noted in 52% of the cases and correlated best with the gross endoscopic features. Eosinophils were easily identified even in the poorly oriented grasp biopsies and were the only histologic finding in seven patients (23% of the abnormal cases). Thus, we conclude that esophageal grasp biopsies taken at the time of endoscopy are of value in the assessment of patients with suspected reflux esophagitis, and intraepithelial eosinophils are the most common and useful histologic criterion. This feature was previously observed in children and occurs as well in adults with reflux esophagitis. PMID- 6517182 TI - Ovarian hyperthecosis associated with pseudosarcomatous changes in the endometrial stroma. AB - This report documents a case of ovarian hyperthecosis associated with endometrial adenocarcinoma and pseudosarcomatous changes within the endometrial stroma. Previous descriptions of endometrial pseudosarcoma have emphasized its association with a history of exogenous progestogen administration; however, since this patient was not taking any medication, the source of the progestogen effect in the present case is presumed to be the hyperplastic ovarian cortex. Progestogen effects on target organs associated with ovarian hyperthecosis have not been described. However, the ovarian cortex does have progestogen forming potential, and pseudodecidual transformation of ovarian cortex seen in the present case and in other cases of ovarian hyperthecosis is presumptive evidence of progestogen formation. PMID- 6517183 TI - [Thermography and acupuncture]. PMID- 6517184 TI - [Acupuncture and bioelectrochemistry of cutaneous oxygen]. PMID- 6517185 TI - [Plasma binding of drugs. Pharmacological consequences and applications to anesthesia]. PMID- 6517186 TI - [The acupuncture point and its stimulation]. PMID- 6517187 TI - [General principles of postoperative energetic balance restoration]. PMID- 6517188 TI - [Cesareans under acupuncture (apropos of 46 cases)]. PMID- 6517189 TI - [Method of obtaining human oocytes]. PMID- 6517190 TI - [Risk of perinatal pathology and characteristics of development of their progeny in patients with congenital heart defects]. PMID- 6517191 TI - [Fetal hypotrophy in multiparous women]. PMID- 6517193 TI - [Cardiomonitoring in the evaluation of fetal condition in threatened abortion in the second and third trimesters]. PMID- 6517192 TI - [Effect on the fetus of various drugs used during pregnancy (experimental study)]. PMID- 6517194 TI - [Use of electrophysiological methods for determining the reactivity and reserve possibilities of the fetus]. PMID- 6517195 TI - [Carbohydrate-protein compounds and ascorbic acid in the amniotic fluid in normal and complicated pregnancy]. PMID- 6517196 TI - [Sulfhydryl groups in the mother-fetus-amniotic fluid system in parturients with acquired heart diseases]. PMID- 6517197 TI - [Adaptive changes in carbohydrate metabolism in the placenta in experimental fetal anoxia]. PMID- 6517198 TI - [Various problems of pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of chronic placental insufficiency]. PMID- 6517199 TI - [Embryonic development and various indicators of reproductive function in rats after inhalation of formaldehyde in the preimplantation phase]. PMID- 6517200 TI - [Role of prenatal risk factors in the development of respiratory distress syndrome in newborn infants]. PMID- 6517201 TI - [Various characteristics of external respiratory function in premature newborn infants in the early neonatal period]. PMID- 6517202 TI - [Indicators of cardiac activity in premature infants with hyperbilirubinemia during complex treatment]. PMID- 6517203 TI - [Effect of preventive administration of glucocorticoids in premature labor on neonatal mortality of premature infants]. PMID- 6517204 TI - [Functional state of the lymphoid system in children born to healthy mothers and to those with a risk of perinatal pathology]. PMID- 6517205 TI - [Platelet component of hemostasis in uncomplicated pregnancy]. PMID- 6517206 TI - [Pelvis with shortened straight-line diameter of the wide part of the cavity]. PMID- 6517207 TI - [Bromocriptine in the treatment of female infertility with functional hyperprolactinemia and normoprolactinemia]. PMID- 6517208 TI - [Data on the causes of perinatal mortality based on pathologoanatomical studies]. PMID- 6517209 TI - [Heredity and environment in the origin of neural tube defects]. PMID- 6517210 TI - [Current trends in the therapy of late pregnancy toxicosis]. PMID- 6517211 TI - [Thromboplastin activity of the amniotic fluid as a criterion of fetal maturity in normal pregnancy]. PMID- 6517212 TI - [Comparative studies of the effect of using the beta-adrenomimetics partusisten and bricanyl in tocolysis]. PMID- 6517213 TI - [Effect of the intervals of labor induction and uterine-incision delivery on the status of newborn infants in cesarean section]. PMID- 6517214 TI - [Diagnostic difficulties in the organic form of hyperprolactinemia]. PMID- 6517215 TI - [Drug interactions with oral contraceptive steroids]. PMID- 6517216 TI - [Ultrastructural research on endometriosis]. PMID- 6517217 TI - [Colposcopic characteristics of women in the menopause]. PMID- 6517218 TI - [Ultrasonic therapy in gynecological practice]. PMID- 6517219 TI - [Extracorporeal interspecies fertilization--a new test for studying the fertilizing properties of human spermatozoa]. PMID- 6517220 TI - [Electron microscopic research on testicular tissue in male infertility]. PMID- 6517221 TI - Intracranial hemorrhage in the full-term neonate and young infant: correlation of the location and outcome. AB - The cranial computed tomography (CT) and outcome for 13 full-term neonates and 12 young infants with intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) were studied. The full-term neonates had perinatal asphyxia or neurological signs such as seizures. All infants were breast-fed and showed bleeding diathesis. In the full-term neonates there was a high incidence of intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) and hemorrhage around the falx. The location of the hemorrhage on CT and brain pathology suggested that the original site of IVH might be the choroid plexus vessels in the lateral ventricle or in the subependymal layer. On the other hand, the sites of ICH in infants were multifocal compared with those in full-term neonates. Subdural hemorrhage (SDH) was seen more frequently and IVH less frequently in infants than in full-term neonates. The cases with SDH frequently showed accompanying cerebral infarction followed by porencephaly. Thus, SDH with cerebral low density on CT may predict a poor prognosis. PMID- 6517222 TI - Rett syndrome--clinical studies and pathophysiological consideration. AB - Eleven female patients with Rett syndrome were evaluated for detecting the pathogenesis. Clinical symptoms were characterized by their orderly sequence of occurrence of particular symptoms at particular ages starting from early infancy, and their progression. Increment of head circumference tapered from late infancy, resulting in microcephalus which corresponded with the clinical features. Surface EMG revealed the tremulous rhythmic discharge underlying the characteristic stereotyped movement of the hands. Serial polysomnographical examinations showed abnormalities of the tonic and phasic components of sleep and increment of % REM stage with age. The results of these clinical, laboratory and polysomnographical examinations were discussed, comparing with other neurological diseases and knowledge of animal experiments. From these findings the pathophysiology of Rett syndrome could be explained by the early and progressive lesions in the brain stem nuclei, which influence the maturation and function of particular parts of the higher central nervous system. Serotonergic and catecholaminergic neurons might have important roles in the pathophysiology of this syndrome. However, biochemical and histochemical examinations of the brain are necessary for detecting the pathogenesis and etiology. And the cause of gynecopathy also remains to be clarified. PMID- 6517223 TI - Congenital muscular dystrophy with cerebral white matter spongiosis. AB - Two siblings affected with a slowly progressive congenital myopathy presented mental retardation, epilepsy and craniofacial dysmorphy. The cerebral necropsic study of one of these patients showed severe anomalies of the white matter, with spongiosis, astrogliosis and vascular hyperplasia, whereas a diffuse and marked hypodensity of white matter was observed at cerebral CT scan in the other patient. There were any lesion of cerebellar grey matter, heterotopy, micropolygyria or neuronal destruction. This syndrome seems to be an original variant of congenital neuromyopathy. PMID- 6517224 TI - Age and prognosis in neuroblastoma. Review of 112 patients younger than 2 years. AB - The results of 112 children with neuroblastoma treated at the Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center between 1949 and 1980 were analyzed. Of these children, 58 were 0-11 months old and 54 were 12-23 months old and there was a median follow-up of 111 months. All 10 patients with Stage I are alive, 21/27 with Stages II and III (78%) are alive, 5/67 patients (7%) with Stage IV are alive, and 7/8 patients with Stage IVS are alive. Age of the children is an independent prognostic factor. The survival of infants with Stage IV is significantly better than it is for older children of the same stage. Two of 15 infants in Stages II and III died, both of early complications, whereas 4/12 older children with the same stages died. Minimal individualized treatment is recommended for children 0 11 months old who have localized and Stage IVS neuroblastoma. Children less than 1 year old with localized and Stage IVS neuroblastoma had an extremely good prognosis (90% survival) and were usually cured without intensive chemotherapy. Surgical removal of the primary tumor was sufficient for Stage I, and partial tumor removal followed by conservative radiation or chemotherapy was sufficient in most Stage II and III patients. Gentle, individualized treatment was adequate for Stage IVS. Children less than 1 with Stage IV neuroblastoma had a significantly better prognosis than older children of the same stage, but their prognosis was still poor (18% survival). PMID- 6517225 TI - Use of computed tomography in pediatric oncology. AB - Computed tomography (CT) has dramatically changed the imaging of pediatric oncologic disease. CT precisely displays and characterizes cross-sectional anatomic pathology. This provides important information for diagnosing and staging tumors in infants and children. The principles, techniques, and indications for computed tomography in the evaluation of pediatric extracranial tumors are reviewed in this article. Selected applications of computed tomography for pediatric tumors of the mediastinum, chest wall, lung parenchyma, abdomen, pelvis, and extremities are discussed and illustrated. PMID- 6517226 TI - Ethical and legal issues in the treatment of children with cancer. Our responsibilities to the parents, to the child, and to the other similarly afflicted children. AB - The treating physician's ethical and legal responsibilities to a child with cancer often merge. On the one hand, there is a responsibility to the parents to keep them informed of the risks and benefits of proposed treatment modalities and to obtain their informed consent. On the other hand, there is an independent obligation to the child. Where consent is unreasonably withheld and the child's interests are jeopardized, it is the physician's responsibility to bring the matter to the courts. PMID- 6517227 TI - Stage IVA Hodgkin's disease of the lung. PMID- 6517228 TI - Spleen iron content is low in thalassemia. AB - We measured the iron content of the spleen in 12 patients with thalassemia major, three with thalassemia intermedia, and one with sickle-thalassemia. The iron content was unexpectedly low in all patients (0.25-2.4 g, median 1.32). These data suggest that iron deposited in the reticuloendothelial cells of the spleen is rapidly removed and redistributed throughout the body. The preferential removal of iron from the spleen did not seem to be a result of chelation therapy. PMID- 6517229 TI - Tracheostomy for sleep apnea in a hemophilic child. PMID- 6517230 TI - Medicine as a product. PMID- 6517231 TI - Hypothermia: the cause of death after rescue. PMID- 6517232 TI - Buckle up--save a child. PMID- 6517233 TI - The care and feeding of legislators or how about a prescription for some sleeping pills, doc? PMID- 6517234 TI - All that coughs is not bronchitis. PMID- 6517235 TI - Infant apnea syndromes: Part I. PMID- 6517236 TI - Circumpolar health, 1984: an Alaskan perspective. PMID- 6517237 TI - Industrialization and public health in Alaska. Policy for the future. PMID- 6517238 TI - Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID), another nephrotoxin. PMID- 6517239 TI - [Pain diagnosis and pain measurement. I. Experimental procedures]. AB - Experimental methods differ from clinical methods for the quantification of pain. Some developments in both areas, clinical and experimental pain investigation, are presented. The quantification of pain should not be confused with pain diagnosis. PMID- 6517240 TI - [Pain diagnosis and pain measurement. II. Clinical aspects]. AB - Experimental methods differ from clinical methods for the measurement of pain. Some developments in both areas, clinical and experimental pain investigation, are presented. The measurement of pain, i.e. its quantification, should not be confused with pain diagnosis. Some advantages of visual analogue scales in the measurement of clinical pain, especially for intraindividual short-time issues, are presented. Nevertheless, we are still far away from "ideal" methods. If subjective phenomena such as pain are studied, especially in the field of pain therapy, then nonspecific factors like suggestion, intentional or not, must be taken into consideration: Placebo effect and Nocebo effect. PMID- 6517241 TI - [Morphine concentrations in serum in need-controlled peridural morphine infusion]. AB - After abdominal or thoracoabdominal operations, an epidural, on-demand morphine infusion following an initial bolus injection of 2 mg morphine was administered to 48 patients for postoperative pain relief. 34 non-intubated patients (Group I) and 14 artificially ventilated patients under intensive care conditions (Group II) received morphine solutions of 0.25% (maximum flow rate 0.31 ml/h) and 0.4% (maximum flow rate 0.5 ml/h), respectively. Total morphine consumption of the intensive care patients (Group II) until 8 p.m. on the 2nd postoperative day was 34.0 +/- 2.9 mg and was significantly higher than in non-intubated patients (Group I), with 6.4 +/- 0.4 mg (p less than 0.001). Although serum concentrations of free and metabolized morphine immunoreactivity declined in both groups in the course of treatment in accordance with the decreasing morphine demand, pharmacokinetics varied between the two groups. Whereas serum concentrations of free morphine immunoreactivity in group I, which decreased multiexponentially following the 2 mg. bolus injection, were not influenced by morphine infusion rates, serum morphine immunoreactivity in group II showed an increase until 8 p.m. on the operation day (p less than 0.005). Metabolized morphine reached plateau concentrations in both groups because of its relatively long half-life: the plateau in group II patients was significantly higher, was reached later and lasted longer than that of group I (p less than 0.001).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6517242 TI - [Therapeutic use of amezinium methylsulfate--a new, long acting, sympathomimetic- in paraspinal conduction anesthesia]. AB - Cardiovascular effects of the new sympathomimetic ameziniummetilsulphate were investigated in 25 patients compared with a control group (n = 25). During spinal/epidural anaesthesia 5 mg amezinium was given i.v. if blood pressure dropped greater than 20 mmHg. from starting-point. A significant recovery of blood pressure (epidural anaesthesia: syst 21%, diast 9%; spinal anaesthesia: syst 13%, diast 6.6%) and a decrease in heart rate (6.8% resp. 4,5%) were thought due to peripheral vasoconstriction. Amezinium proved a stimulating drug for alpha and beta 1-receptors by stabilising the systemic blood pressure in spinal/epidural anaesthesia. PMID- 6517243 TI - [Differences in IgM increase following operations in general anesthesia and paraspinal regional anesthesia]. AB - The serum immunoglobin levels of 74 patients with a prosthetic hip operation were studied. 36 patients received general anaesthesia with thiopental sodium, succinylcholine, alcuronium and halothane, whereas 38 patients were given a catheter epidural anaesthesia (CEA) with bupivacaine. Both collectives were subdivided into four groups, in whom the loss of blood was substituted by either human albumin 5%, dextrane, gelatine, or hydroxyethyl starch. Patients with a general anaesthesia had a high increase in serum IgM on the 7th day after operation, whereas there was no increase in the patients who had received CEA. In all the other parameters there was no difference between the various anaesthetics; likewise, the individual volume substitution management procedures did not produce differences in these parameters. IgM elevation is interpreted as a reaction to an affection of the tracheo-bronchial system; this reaction did not occur with the CEA group. The cause of the reaction is the interaction of immunomodulating drugs, and changes in ventilation that lead to an activation of the immune system. PMID- 6517244 TI - Defensive medicine: anaesthetic practice in the 80s. PMID- 6517245 TI - Nausea and vomiting in day-case dental anaesthesia. The use of low-dose droperidol. AB - The anti-emetic effects of low-dose droperidol (1.25 mg), ultra-low-dose droperidol (0.25 mg) and a placebo were compared in patients admitted for day case dental anaesthesia. Ultra-low-dose droperidol produced a significant decrease in the subjective feeling of nausea without delaying recovery or discharge from the hospital (p less than 0.05). Low-dose droperidol did not significantly reduce nausea (p greater than 0.05) and prolonged the recovery time (p less than 0.05). PMID- 6517246 TI - Intramuscular midazolam. A comparison of midazolam with papaveretum and hyoscine for intramuscular premedication. AB - Midazolam, administered intramuscularly was compared with papaveretum and hyoscine for premedication in patients undergoing gynaecological surgery. Midazolam proved to be a satisfactory agent for premedication compared with papaveretum and hyoscine, producing a similar degree of sedation and anxiolysis, but causing significantly more anterograde amnesia. PMID- 6517247 TI - The effect of labetalol on the cardiovascular, hyperglycaemic and adrenocortical responses to surgery. AB - The effects of a single intravenous bolus of labetalol (0.5 mg/kg) on the cardiovascular, hyperglycaemic and adrenocortical responses to major colonic surgery were studied in five patients. Results were compared with five patients who received the same anaesthetic and had similar operations performed but who did not receive labetalol. It was observed that labetalol reduced the rises in heart rate and rate-pressure product that occur at the time of skin incision but that it did not reduce the rise in mean arterial pressure. The rises in blood glucose and plasma cortisol were significantly less in the labetalol group after 30 minutes of surgery (p less than 0.05). PMID- 6517248 TI - Comparison of atropine and glycopyrronium in patients with pre-existing cardiac disease. AB - The effects of atropine and glycopyrronium, when given intravenously with neostigmine during the reversal of neuromuscular blockade in patients with cardiovascular disease, were compared in a double blind trial. Atropine was associated with a significantly greater elevation of heart rate and rate-pressure product than glycopyrronium. This elevation was also more sustained with atropine. The entire atropine population also showed a significantly greater incidence of ST-segment depression on the electrocardiogram than that observed in those who had received glycopyrronium. Furthermore, patients with ischaemic heart disease and previous myocardial infarction who received atropine showed a significantly greater incidence of dysrhythmias than those given glycopyrronium. It is suggested that at the time of reversal of neuromuscular blockade in patients with cardiovascular disease, glycopyrronium is a more suitable agent than atropine. PMID- 6517249 TI - Gilbert's syndrome as a cause of postoperative jaundice. AB - A case of postoperative jaundice due to Gilbert's syndrome in a previously healthy 19-year-old female is presented. Signs and symptoms of jaundice developed on the second postoperative day and resolved spontaneously after 5 days. The diagnosis and characteristics of Gilbert's syndrome and other related abnormalities and factors relevant to anaesthesia which affect bilirubin metabolism are discussed. PMID- 6517250 TI - Anaesthesia for separation of conjoined twins. AB - Anaesthetic procedures for successful separation of pygopagus twins are described. A bony union in the sacral region and communication of the subarachnoid space in this region were the main abnormalities. Various anaesthetic problems during the operation and in the immediate postoperative period are discussed. PMID- 6517251 TI - Respiratory obstruction following vocal cord injection of Teflon paste. AB - Injection of poly(tetrafluoroethylene) past (Teflon) into vocal cords is becoming more common, but immediate morbidity has not previously been described. A case is reported in which acute airway obstruction followed the injection of Teflon paste into a paralysed vocal cord. This was easily managed, without resort to tracheostomy, by topical lignocaine which reduced the overactivity of the normal vocal cord. PMID- 6517252 TI - An inhaled tracheostomy tube. Successful anaesthetic management. AB - A case is presented of a patient who required anaesthesia for the removal of an inhaled silver tracheostomy tube. The anaesthetic problems are discussed. Regular inspection of silver tracheostomy tubes is recommended. PMID- 6517253 TI - A modified MIE Superlite exhaust valve incorporating a positive pressure safety relief valve. AB - Most scavenging systems incorporate safety devices to protect the patient against sudden positive and negative pressure surges. If full protection is to be guaranteed, positive pressure relief devices should be positioned as close as possible to the patient and, preferably, should form an integral part of the expiratory valves of anaesthetic systems and ventilators. One such safety device is described in this paper. PMID- 6517254 TI - Maternal and neonatal blood glucose after crystalloid loading for epidural caesarean section. AB - Serial blood glucose estimations were made in 30 women undergoing elective Caesarean section under epidural anaesthesia, 2 litres of Hartmann's solution having been rapidly infused as a circulatory preload Neonatal blood glucose estimations were made of cord blood at birth and 1 and 2 hours post delivery. A small rise in maternal blood glucose occurred during the period of preloading and time before delivery, which was not statistically significant (p greater than 0.05). There was no biochemical or clinical evidence of neonatal hypoglycaemia. We conclude that despite rapid infusion of non-dextrose crystalloid solution there is neither danger of a relative maternal hypoglycaemia in fasted mothers nor neonatal hypoglycaemia, and offer an argument that even small amounts of dextrose contained in any preloading mixture are unnecessary. PMID- 6517255 TI - Another use for the Bain system. PMID- 6517257 TI - Improved vision modification of the Macintosh laryngoscope. PMID- 6517256 TI - Convulsive reaction following enflurane anaesthesia. PMID- 6517259 TI - An aid to the unmarked Tuohy needle. PMID- 6517258 TI - Frozen thought processes under anaesthesia. PMID- 6517260 TI - Neurogenic pulmonary oedema. PMID- 6517261 TI - 'Malignment' of epidural needles. PMID- 6517262 TI - A serious hazard associated with the Fluotec mark 4 vaporizer. PMID- 6517263 TI - Lactate and shock. PMID- 6517264 TI - [Control of infection in a primarily surgical intensive care unit]. AB - All of one year's 251 patients of a predominantly surgical intensive care unit (i.c.u.) were continuously followed up for infections according to a standard protocol. These protocols were evaluated for 174 patients who stayed at least 48 h at the unit. More than one third (36.7%) were already infected on admission (external origin), 35% contracted infections at the unit, primarily or additionally (internal origin) and 40% remained without an infection. Fifty eight percent of patients already infected on admission were surgical and required intensive care for complications. Among the patients who contracted their infection solely at the unit 61.5% suffered from trauma. Patients having contracted their infections at the i.c.u. stayed significantly longer than those without (additional) infections (13 and 6 days respectively). Mortality was highest (45%) in patients who were already infected on admission and who acquired additional infections during their stay at the i.c.u. Of patients with infections of exclusively external or internal origin 23.5 and 17.9% respectively died whereas among those who remained uninfected this proportion was only 7%. The 75 infections acquired before admission to the i.c.u. included infections of the respiratory tract in 14.4% of all patients, peritonitis with 10.3%, urinary tract in 8.0% and septicemia in 5.2%. Artificial ventilation was employed more often in infected patients (73.8-100%) than in non-infected ones (56.3%). They also carried more intravasal catheters (2.76-3.05 per patient) than the latter group (1.79). Of the 82 infections acquired in the i.c.u. the respiratory tract was affected in 19.5% of all patients and the urinary tract in 13.8%.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6517265 TI - [Death following fructose and sorbitol infusions]. AB - Hereditary Fructose Intolerance (HFI) is a rare inherited metabolic disease. Because of the wide application of infusions containing fructose and sorbitol, patients suffering from this disease are at special risk. The disease is frequently not diagnosed until adulthood and the danger associated with this delay is insufficiently recognized. This report therefore included a case history in which this is highlighted. PMID- 6517266 TI - Pathophysiology of haemorrhagic shock. AB - The immediate effect of sudden blood loss is the activation of a variety of homeostatic responses. These include increased sympathetic activity and increased release or production of renin, angiotensin, anti-diuretic hormone, aldosterone, adrenocorticotrophic hormone, beta-endorphins, glucocorticoids, glucagon, erythropoeitin, 2-3 diphosphoglycerate, prostaglandins and complement. This may be followed by the release of many substances, some initially appropriate locally, and some the products of damaged cells, which may go on to cause both local and systemic damage. These include lysosomal enzymes, kinins, histamines, serotonin, lactic acid, free oxygen radicals, neutrophil proteases, fibrinogen degradation products, endotoxins, myocardial depressant polypeptides, and passive transferable lethal factor. The early and late effects on the cardiovascular and respiratory systems, and on the blood, brain, kidneys, gut, liver, pancreas, and on overall metabolism and cellular function, are considered in turn. Although an enormous research effort has increased our understanding of the pathophysiology of haemorrhagic shock, no special measures have yet been shown to influence morbidity or mortality in man. Management still hinges on the early recognition and treatment of bleeding, on general supportive measures, and on safeguarding each link in the oxygen delivery chain. PMID- 6517267 TI - Initial assessment of acute haemorrhage. AB - The assessment of the patient with acute blood loss may be conveniently divided into three phases. The first involves the recognition that acute blood loss has occurred. Further assessment of the site and magnitude of the blood loss will continue in parallel with resuscitation. The second phase of the assessment is the localising of the source or sources of bleeding to allow for control of continuing loss and to plan definitive therapy for the control of ongoing haemorrhage if necessary. The third phase of assessment is to estimate the quantity of blood and fluid loss to allow for the rational planning of resuscitation. The third phase is divided into two sections: the first is the initial assessment of the magnitude of the loss, the second the ongoing assessment of the patient's status as resuscitation proceeds. Successful resuscitation depends on repeated assessment of the patient while treatment proceeds. PMID- 6517268 TI - Resuscitation in acute haemorrhage. AB - While some of the details of resuscitation of the bleeding patient remain contentious, the basic principles are clear. Adequate resuscitation implies the prompt restoration of tissue oxygenation by achievement and maintenance of airway patency, adequate ventilation, cardiac rhythm and intravascular volume. The choice of fluid for primary resuscitation is considerably less important than the care with which it ought to be administered. The volume of fluid required for primary resuscitation varies and there is no well-defined endpoint against which to titrate fluid resuscitation. However, as the complications and mortality of shock are related to the degree and the duration of shock, definitive (usually surgical) intervention should be undertaken early if the clinical features of shock cannot be readily reversed or if the maintenance of clinically adequate perfusion cannot be achieved with the administration of less than 200 ml of fluid per hour. PMID- 6517270 TI - Autotransfusion: an impossible dream? AB - Despite the many critics of autologous blood transfusion, there is virtually no literature to support such an attitude in relation to any form of premeditated autologous blood transfusion. It is only in relation to intraoperative blood scavenging that there have been complications. In contrast, there is considerable literature supporting the theoretical and practical advantages of autologous transfusion and haemodilution and a wealth of evidence pointing to the immediate and delayed complications of homologous transfusions. In this paper autologous blood transfusion is reviewed with particular emphasis on the factors responsible for its failure to achieve a widely accepted place in clinical medicine despite its theoretical, practical and economic advantages. PMID- 6517269 TI - Blood conservation in elective surgery. AB - Blood conservation for elective surgery involves both the reduction of blood loss and the reduction of homologous blood transfusion. Methods of reducing blood loss such as the use of tourniquets, vasoconstrictor drugs, regional anaesthetic supplements and hypotensive anaesthesia are considered briefly. Preoperative and intraoperative techniques of autotransfusion and haemodilution are considered in detail, including a technique of scavenging and reinfusing blood aspirated from the surgical site. PMID- 6517271 TI - The provision of blood for elective surgery. AB - The improvement in efficiency of blood use within a hospital is a major responsibility of the hospital blood bank. Such an improvement can be brought about by introducing a group and antibody screen system or by limiting the amount of blood routinely cross-matched for any procedure. Data to justify this can be best provided with the use of a blood bank microcomputer. Although autologous blood transfusion is the ideal it is difficult to implement in many situations and so homologous blood is used. The use of red cell concentrates in elective surgery has not been shown to be inferior to whole blood in most procedures. PMID- 6517272 TI - Alterations in blood components during storage and their clinical significance. AB - Storage-dependent changes in blood and components as affecting a patient with acute haemorrhage are described. With currently used preservatives and additives blood qualifies as "fresh" for two weeks after collection. Modified red cell concentrates are the optimal form of initial haemotherapy, with the possible exception of massive blood transfusion. Availability of platelet concentrates and other haemostatic blood components as routinely issued by a modern blood bank should meet almost all requirements for an acutely bleeding patient. PMID- 6517273 TI - The management of acute haemorrhage--panel discussion. PMID- 6517274 TI - Acute epiglottitis in adults. PMID- 6517276 TI - The wrong syringe. PMID- 6517277 TI - Visual and tactile assessment of neuromuscular blockade. PMID- 6517275 TI - More on epidural thiopentone. PMID- 6517278 TI - On-demand epidural morphine infusion. PMID- 6517279 TI - A new resuscitation mask. PMID- 6517280 TI - Combustible plastic drapes. PMID- 6517282 TI - Cracked valve disk. PMID- 6517281 TI - Hypoxia from a selective oxygen leak. PMID- 6517283 TI - Midogas apparatus malfunction. PMID- 6517284 TI - Reaction to repeat althesin induction in children. PMID- 6517285 TI - Intravenous access. PMID- 6517286 TI - Modified mask for failed intubation at emergency caesarean section. PMID- 6517288 TI - Management of fifty cases of chest injury with a regimen of epidural bupivacaine and morphine. AB - Epidural bupivacaine and morphine were administered to fifty patients who had suffered traumatic injuries to the chest. Forty-three of these patients made satisfactory recoveries without requiring any ventilatory support. Six patients were ventilated, one because of cardiovascular complications of myocardial infarction, two because of inadequate analgesia, and three because of respiratory failure. Three patients died. Serious side-effects were not common. One patient developed respiratory depression which required withdrawal of morphine, and one patient developed an epidural space infection. PMID- 6517287 TI - Reductive metabolism of halothane in children. AB - The volatile halothane metabolites, 2-chloro-1,1,1,-trifluoroethane and 2-chloro 1,1-difluoroethylene, were identified in the exhaled breath of ten children during halothane anaesthesia. Although there was considerable variation among children in the concentration and time-course of metabolite exhalation, exhaled concentrations of these metabolites were of a similar magnitude to those reported in adults. This result suggests that the lower incidence of halothane hepatitis in children compared with adults is not due to a poor ability to metabolise halothane by the reductive pathway. PMID- 6517289 TI - Effects of anaesthesia on some aspects of mental functioning of surgical patients. AB - Plastic surgery patients undergoing either local (LA) or general (GA) anaesthesia of at least forty-five minutes' duration and a non-patient control group were used to examine the extent and duration of deterioration in mental functioning following GA and the factors influencing such deterioration. Mental functioning was assessed by a battery of six tests administered one week before anaesthesia, four days after anaesthesia and six weeks after anaesthesia. Mental performance of GA patients but not of LA patients was significantly impaired on the fourth postoperative day. Six weeks after anaesthesia GA patients were still performing significantly below controls. There was marked variation in the pattern of recovery, some GA patients failing to regain their pre-operative level of performance after six weeks. Severity of deterioration following general anaesthesia was significantly correlated with habitual caffeine consumption. PMID- 6517290 TI - Adverse responses to local anaesthetics. AB - Progressive challenge was used to investigate twenty-seven patients with a history of an adverse response to local anaesthesia. True allergy was detected in only one patient. The method does not exclude reactions to additives and preservatives in local anaesthetics. If preservative-free local anaesthetics are used for subsequent exposure in patients with no response to progressive challenge, subsequent exposure is safe. The possibility that some of these patients may be reacting to preservatives in the solutions cannot be excluded by such testing. Where possible preservative-free local anaesthetic preparations should be used for subsequent anaesthesia. PMID- 6517291 TI - Spinal anaesthesia revisited: an evaluation of subarachnoid block in obstetrics. AB - A series of 442 women receiving subarachnoid block for various obstetrical procedures is described. These included caesarean section, instrumental delivery, manual removal of placenta, insertion of cervical suture and miscellaneous procedures. General anaesthesia was required in ten patients because subarachnoid block proved to be unsatisfactory. There were no serious complications. The overall headache rate, ascertained by daily direct questioning during hospital admission, was 26.2%. Clinical features of dural puncture headache (DPH) were present in 8.6% and equivocally so in a further 3.4%. A significantly higher incidence of DPH was recorded among patients receiving a cervical suture. Among the thirty-eight patients who developed DPH, a 25 or 26 SWG spinal needle had invariably been used and in most instances the procedure was described as being uneventful. There were no consistent technical features among the patients who developed DPH, although operator experience may have been a factor. DPH was graded as 'severe' in ten patients (2.3%) and an epidural blood patch was rapidly curative in each of these cases. One patient required a repeat patch. Subarachnoid block proved to be a satisfactory technique for the procedures outlined in the survey. It proved to be particularly valuable when anaesthesia was required urgently in the delivery suite and may even be regarded as the anaesthetic of choice in these circumstances. PMID- 6517292 TI - The airway of patients with a lipid storage disease. AB - There have been no previous reports in the anaesthetic literature regarding the airway management during anaesthesia of patients with a lipid storage disease. In a 40-year period (1942-1982) at a busy paediatric hospital 15 patients with a lipid storage disease were anaesthetised on 19 occasions. Eight patients were intubated, three of them twice. No difficulties in airway management during anaesthesia were documented. PMID- 6517293 TI - Sodium nitroprusside, pregnancy and multiple intracranial aneurysms. PMID- 6517294 TI - Acute rhabdomyolytic renal failure due to suxamethonium. PMID- 6517295 TI - Delayed presentation of an epidural abscess. PMID- 6517296 TI - Overhydration during transurethral resection of the prostate using glycine as an irrigating solution. PMID- 6517297 TI - Another misplaced epidural catheter. PMID- 6517298 TI - The American connection: entering the U.S.A. for post-fellowship experience. PMID- 6517299 TI - Unexplained hyperpyrexia during labour. PMID- 6517300 TI - Plasma levels of bupivacaine during convulsions. PMID- 6517301 TI - Suxamethonium pre-treatment. PMID- 6517302 TI - Alarm malfunction. PMID- 6517303 TI - Inadvertent administration of halothane with the Fluotec Mk. 3 vaporiser. PMID- 6517304 TI - Intralipid and haemodialysis. PMID- 6517305 TI - High-performance liquid chromatographic quantitation of collagen biosynthesis in explant cultures. AB - The capacity of lung explant cultures to synthesize collagen can be estimated by determining the content of [3H]hydroxyproline in protein following incubation with [3H]proline. The technique requires acid hydrolysis followed by quantitative separation of hydroxyproline from proline for scintillation counting and is often restricted to methods that can accommodate large samples because of relatively low specific radioactivity. A method which is useful for such samples, providing rapid separation of nonderivatized amino acids by ion-exchange HPLC, is described here. The HPLC system employs an HPX-87C cation-exchange column in 10 mM calcium acetate, pH 5.5, at 85 degrees C. Under isocratic conditions hydroxyproline is completely resolved from proline with quantitative recovery of the 3H cpm applied to the column. Large amounts of material, equivalent to at least 150 mg wet wt of lung, can be applied without affecting resolution or recovery, and samples can be injected at intervals as short as 40 min. This method was used to study collagen biosynthesis in a model of pulmonary fibrosis induced in rabbits by the tumor promoting agent, phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), and provides information concerning total protein synthesis as well as production of collagen. The data show a doubling in the rate of collagen production in lung explants prepared from animals treated with PMA compared with explants from control animals. PMID- 6517306 TI - Effect of unstirred layers on binding and reaction kinetics at a membrane surface. AB - The effects of solution unstirred layers on the time course of chemical reactions and transport processes at a membrane surface are determined. A set of equations which describes non-steady-state diffusion through an unstirred layer coupled with chemical reaction at a membrane surface or transport through a membrane is developed. A numerical solution to the equations is obtained by uncoupling diffusive and chemical processes in an iterative manner. The diffusive process is solved by the Crank-Nicolson method; the chemical process is solved by integrating the differential equations describing the kinetics. Diffusive processes in one dimension, in three dimensions, and in the presence of an arbitrary potential near the membrane surface are solved. General characteristics of the calculated reaction time course are discussed using surface binding and membrane transport examples. Small, neglected, unstirred layers are shown to sometimes yield erroneous values of rate parameters for a surface reaction and to simulate competitive reaction kinetics. Experimental approaches for measuring unstirred layer thickness are reviewed. PMID- 6517307 TI - The use of neutral red as an intracellular pH indicator in rat brain cortex in vivo. AB - Intracellular pH in the intact, normally perfused rat brain cortex was determined by rapid scanning reflectance spectrophotometry of Neutral Red. Neutral Red, a pH indicator dye, was administered intraperitoneally to rats. Reflectance spectra recorded from the exposed dural surface of 11 anesthetized rats were used to calculate an intracellular pH of 7.04 +/- 0.01. Detailed studies on the interactions of the dye with brain tissue were carried out in vitro to define the in vivo calibration curves. In addition, the physiological effect of dye administration on systemic blood pressure was determined, as well as uptake curves for Neutral Red into plasma and brain. It is concluded that Neutral Red can be used as an in vivo brain intracellular pH indicator and compares favorably with other methods of brain intracellular pH measurement with respect to accuracy, sensitivity, noninvasiveness, and stability and has the potential to exceed any existing method in time resolution. PMID- 6517308 TI - Differences in retention behavior between small and large molecules in ion exchange chromatography and reversed-phase chromatography. AB - The retention (k') for various biomolecules was studied as a function of the mobile phase composition in reversed-phase chromatography (RPC) and ion-exchange chromatography (IEC). The "elution window" (EW) for a molecule is defined as the mobile phase composition in which 1 less than k' less than 10. The following relations were verified: (i) EW(RPC) less than EW(IEC), and (ii) EW(large Mr) less than EW(small Mr). The results support the theory that in both RPC and IEC larger molecules interact with the stationary phase by multiple-site binding. The results are used to explain why, in both RPC and IEC, larger molecules are best separated on short columns using gradient elution while smaller molecules often require longer columns and isocratic conditions. PMID- 6517310 TI - Quantitative determination of coenzyme Q10 in human blood for clinical studies. AB - A quantitative method for the determination of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) in human blood has been devised which allows recovery of essentially 100% of the CoQ10. The use of whole blood rather than plasma includes the CoQ10 in white cells. The method utilizes TLC instead of saponification to fractionate lipid impurities, because CoQ10 is sensitive to saponification, and utilizes CoQ11 as an internal standard which is advantageous over CoQ9 and a synthetic quinone. The final step of HPLC frequently reveals a peak with a retention time like that of CoQ9 which, being less than that of CoQ10, can be near other peaks of impurities. PMID- 6517309 TI - A solid-phase radio-binding assay for the characterization of lectin recognition. AB - A rapid and quantitative method for characterizing lectin specificity is presented. This assay is analogous to solid-phase radioimmune assays and utilizes the property of irreversible binding of proteins to vinyl microtiter plates. The lectins phytohemagglutinin and concanavalin A bind to vinyl and retain their biological properties. Iodinated fetuin and immunoglobulin G are both bound by the immobilized lectins. Competing amounts of ligands presented at the same time as the iodinated glycoproteins are shown to reduce binding to the immobilized lectins. Conversely, glycoprotein ligands immobilized to vinyl retain their ability to be recognized and bind lectins. The solid-phase binding assay can be used to characterize the ligand-binding specificity of lectins. For example, the pattern of glycoprotein inhibition of the binding of iodinated gorgonian lectin from Leptogorgia virgulata to insolubilized thyroglobulin is virtually identical to the pattern reported previously using hemagglutination inhibition. The solid phase radio-binding assay is rapid, reproducible, and sensitive to nanogram quantities of ligand added. Most importantly, it provides quantitative information on lectin recognition. PMID- 6517311 TI - Thin-layer chromatography of thiosulfonate anions. AB - Organic thiosulfonates of the form RS(O2)S- can be separated from the characteristic contaminants in synthetic preparations by thin-layer chromatography on silica gel. Thiosulfonates and sulfinates can both be visualized, and differentiated, by treatment of plates with a FeCl3 reagent in acetone. Data are presented for seven aromatic and six aliphatic thiosulfonate anions and the corresponding sulfonates and sulfinates. With exception of the series related to cysteic acid, Rf values are always in the order RS(O)2S- greater than RSO3- greater than RSO2-. PMID- 6517313 TI - Analysis of picogram quantities of protein in subnanoliter-size samples. AB - The ability to measure protein concentration in subnanoliter volumes would be helpful in many biological studies. A microassay for measuring nanogram protein quantities in nanoliter-size samples and an ultramicroassay for measuring picogram quantities in picoliter samples were developed to measure lymphatic protein concentration. Aliquots of a sample solution were mixed with an o phthalaldehyde mercaptoethanol reagent using micropipetting techniques. Reaction product fluorescence was measured using a modified Leitz MPV-1 microscope as a microfluorometer. Fluorescence varied linearly with albumin concentrations between 1 and 8 g/100 ml. A typical microassay measuring albumin standards at 0.0, 1.0, 2.0, and 4.0 g/100 ml yielded a linear regression of y = 207x + 60 (r = 0.99). Minimum detectable protein concentration was 0.125 g/100 ml. The SE for the albumin standards varied from 0.02 to 0.17 g/100 ml. An ultramicroassay measuring similar standards yielded a linear regression of y = 1180x + 109 (r = 0.96). Minimum detectable protein concentration was 0.028 g/100 ml. The SE for the standards varied from 0.01 to 0.32 g/100 ml. PMID- 6517312 TI - Common conditions for high-performance liquid chromatographic microdetermination of aldoses, hexosamines, and sialic acids in glycoproteins. AB - All aldoses known to be present in animal and plant glycoproteins were separated in partition mode on a column of a highly crosslinked cation-exchange resin (Shodex DC-613, H+ form) and sensitively monitored by photometric detection after postcolumn labeling with 2-cyanoacetamide. Linearity for the sample amount ranging from 0.1 to 80 nmol was observed with high reproducibility. Hexosamines could be determined as their N-acetyl derivatives under the identical conditions with approximately one order of magnitude higher range of linearity. Sialic acid could be estimated as N-acylhexosamines produced by the action of N acetylneuraminate pyruvate-lyase. The usefulness of these common conditions was demonstrated by analyzing component monosaccharides of some glycoprotein preparations. PMID- 6517314 TI - Production and purification of murine monoclonal antibodies: aberrant elution from protein A-Sepharose 4B. AB - A rapid, one-step method for the efficient purification of murine monoclonal antibodies from tissue culture supernatants is described. This process is based on affinity chromatography on protein A-Sepharose columns. It was found that murine monoclonal antibodies raised against tick-borne encephalitis virus frequently eluted at more than one pH value and these pH values did not always correspond to those of antibodies of the same subclass from polyclonal mouse sera. The two populations of antibody molecule eluting at different pH values showed no variation in molecular weight, isoelectric profiles, specific enzyme linked immunosorbent assay titer, or antibody subclass. PMID- 6517315 TI - A fluorometric determination of urinary 17-hydroxycorticosteroids using benzamidine. AB - A fluorometric determination of urinary 17-hydroxycorticosteroids using a reaction of benzamidine with compounds carrying the dihydroxyacetone side chain is described. The fluorescent compounds have excitation and emission maxima at 370 and 480 nm, respectively. The method includes enzymatic hydrolysis with beta glucuronidase (EC 3.2.1.31, from Escherichia coli) and extraction with methylene chloride and generation of fluorescence in alkaline solution (pH 13.4). The specificity of the reaction was examined and the results were compared with those of an accepted method based on the Porter-Silber reaction (C. C. Porter and R. H. Silber, 1950, J. Biol. Chem. 185, 201-207). The coefficient of correlation was 0.945 with regression line of y = 0.91x + 0.7 mg/day (y, present method; x, Porter-Silber reaction method). Sensitivity of the reaction was 0.5 microgram/ml of standard or sample, mean recovery of cortisol added to five urine samples (5 micrograms addition) was 95%, and the coefficient of variation of the method (five repeated assays of sample with a value of 5.2 mg/liter) was 6.2%. PMID- 6517316 TI - Chromatographic separation of extruded iron-sulfur cores from the apoproteins of Clostridium pasteurianum and spinach ferredoxins in aqueous Triton X-100/urea. AB - Iron-sulfur core extrusions from spinach [( 2Fe-2S]) and Clostridium pasteurianum (2[4Fe-4S]) ferredoxins in aqueous Triton X-100/urea containing excess benzenethiol yield quantitatively [FenSn(SPh)4]2- with n = 2 and n = 4, respectively. The iron-sulfur cluster can be separated from the corresponding apoprotein by rapid passage of the extrusion mixture over a small anaerobic column of Whatman DE-52 anion-exchange cellulose. Essentially quantitative recovery of [FenSn (SPh)4]2- is achieved in the eluate. The apoprotein remaining on the column can be eluted with 0.5 M NaCl. Most of the residual Triton X-100 and benzenethiol can be removed by passage of the apoprotein eluate over a small column of Bio-Beads SM-2, a hydrophobic polystyrene adsorbent. Apoprotein recovery is comparable to that obtained by other chromatographic methods. At least with spinach ferredoxin, the apoprotein prepared in this fashion can be reconstituted. The procedures developed in this work are potentially most applicable to selective removal of [2Fe-2S] and [4Fe-4S] centers from a multicenter enzyme without irreversible denaturation. PMID- 6517317 TI - High-performance ion-exchange separation of oxidized and reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotides. AB - High-performance anion-exchange chromatography of oxidized and reduced forms of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP) on a Pharmacia Mono Q anion-exchange column is reported. Microgram quantities of all four nucleotides can be separated at pH 7.7 in approximately 20 min. For preparative purposes, greater than 7 mg of NADH can be purified in a single injection, and the peak fractions have an A260 of greater than 80 OD units with an A260/A340 ratio of 2.25. PMID- 6517318 TI - Measurement of alpha-keto acids in plasma using an amino acid analyzer. AB - A method for measuring keto acid concentrations in physiological fluids using an amino acid analyzer was developed. After preliminary deproteinization and removal of amino acids, reduction with sodium cyanoborohydride at 105 degrees C resulted in efficient conversion of the keto acids to their corresponding amino acids. In applying the technique to plasma samples, the use of MeOH for deproteinization was necessary to avoid the large losses of keto acids that occurred during precipitation of proteins with perchloric acid. The method was used to follow plasma ketoisocaproate concentrations in rat plasma after administration of leucine, and was sufficiently sensitive to detect concomitant changes in other branched-chain keto acid concentrations. PMID- 6517319 TI - A method for the selective release and, hence, assay of the carbohydrate moieties of collagen. AB - The carbohydrate residues of collagen were selectively released in high yield by nitrosation of the hydroxylysines of the intact collagen or peptides derived from collagen. The carbohydrate residues (Glc-Gal and Gal) released were separated from the modified protein or peptide by gel chromatography and were assayed by gas-liquid chromatography of their trimethylsilyl derivatives. The results agreed closely with those obtained from methanolysis-gas chromatography or from alkaline hydrolysis followed by amino acid analysis of the hydroxylysyl glycosides. With a more sensitive perbenzoylation-high-performance liquid chromatography method and uv detection at 230 nm, the carbohydrates released by nitrosation of submilligram quantities of collagen or peptide could be assayed accurately. PMID- 6517320 TI - A quantitative determination by capillary gas-liquid chromatography of neutral and amino sugars (as O-methyloxime acetates), and a study on hydrolytic conditions for glycoproteins and polysaccharides in order to increase sugar recoveries. AB - Complete gas-liquid chromatographic separation of O-methyloxime acetates (syn and anti isomers) prepared from eight neutral sugars, three hexosamines, and muramic acid has been obtained, using a fused-silica Carbowax 20M capillary column. A single hydrolytic step for carbohydrate-containing biological material (less than or equal to 2.5 X 10(-3) M sugar solution in 4 N trifluoroacetic acid at 125 degrees C for 1 h) has been developed, and results have been compared with those obtained with standard hydrolytic conditions in order to ensure complete release of amino sugars from glycoproteins, together with minimum losses of neutral sugars. The combination of this acid hydrolysis with the above improved derivatization procedure for the gas-liquid chromatographic analysis has led to a simple, rapid, and sensitive analytical method, which has been successfully tested on three glycoproteins (fetuin, mucin, and peroxidase) and two plant cell wall polysaccharide fractions (soluble fibers from carrots and soybeans). PMID- 6517321 TI - Treatment of ultracentrifuge tubes in a glow discharge makes their surfaces wettable. AB - After exposure to a glow discharge, Ultra-Clear ultracentrifuge tubes become wettable and hence suitable for use with conventional gradient formers. Tubes treated by this method can thus replace the formerly widely used cellulose nitrate tubes which are no longer available. PMID- 6517322 TI - The stability of the o-phthalaldehyde/2-mercaptoethanol derivatives of amino acids: an investigation using high-pressure liquid chromatography with a precolumn derivatization technique. AB - The investigation of the stabilities of o-phthalaldehyde/2-mercaptoethanol derivatives of amino acids using a precolumn reaction technique and a high pressure liquid chromatographic procedure is reported. The amino acid derivatives are shown to be stable on the high-pressure liquid chromatography column. Optimal conditions for the development of these derivatives for their separation using this technique are recommended. PMID- 6517323 TI - Insidious vapors. Infrared determination of NO2 generated in a high-voltage electric arc. PMID- 6517324 TI - Ultramicro assay of lactate by fluorescence microscopy. PMID- 6517325 TI - Evaluation of dual-wavelength spectrophotometry for drug level monitoring. PMID- 6517326 TI - Enzyme-linked immunoadsorbent assay with electrochemical detection for alpha 1 acid glycoprotein. PMID- 6517327 TI - Calcium-selective polymeric membrane electrodes based on bicyclic polyether amide derivatives. PMID- 6517328 TI - Improved resolution in stripping analysis using the formation of intermetallic compounds. PMID- 6517329 TI - Critical evaluation of some wet digestion methods for the stripping voltammetric determination of selenium in biological materials. PMID- 6517330 TI - Determination of nitrite ion and sulfanilic and orthanilic acids by differential pulse polarography. PMID- 6517331 TI - Electrogenerated chemiluminescent determination of Ru(bpy)3(2+) at low levels. PMID- 6517332 TI - Isolation of polychlorinated dibenzodioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans from a complex organic mixture by two-step liquid chromatographic fractionation for quantitative analysis. PMID- 6517333 TI - Determination of N-methylcarbamate pesticides in well water by liquid chromatography with postcolumn fluorescence derivatization. PMID- 6517334 TI - Pentafluorobenzenesulfonyl chloride: a new electrophoric derivatizing reagent with application to tyrosyl peptide determination by gas chromatography with electron capture detection. PMID- 6517335 TI - Synthesis and characterization of a new sorbent for use in the determination of volatile, complex-forming organic compounds in air. PMID- 6517336 TI - Flavin mononucleotide sensitized and polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan trioleate micelle-enhanced gas/solution chemiluminescence for direct continuous monitoring of sulfur dioxide in the atmosphere. PMID- 6517337 TI - Chemical ionization mass spectrometry of isofenphos and its metabolites. PMID- 6517338 TI - Trace determination of biological thiols by liquid chromatography and precolumn fluorometric labeling with o-phthaladehyde. PMID- 6517339 TI - Noise and signal-to-noise ratio in electrochemical detectors. PMID- 6517340 TI - Effect of some amines on the ionic, dipolar, and hydrogen bonding interactions between test solutes and support in reversed-phase liquid chromatography. PMID- 6517341 TI - Determination of mycotoxins by gradient high-performance liquid chromatography using an alkylphenone retention index system. PMID- 6517342 TI - Thermospray liquid chromatographic interface for magnetic mass spectrometers. PMID- 6517343 TI - Tubular debubbler for segmented continuous-flow automated analyzers. PMID- 6517344 TI - Extraction-monitoring and rapid flow fractionation for determination of serum corticosteroids. PMID- 6517345 TI - Graphite-furnace atomic absorption method for trace-level determination of total mercury. PMID- 6517346 TI - Solvent extraction of molybdenum from biological samples and from coal fly ash for neutron activation analysis. PMID- 6517347 TI - Sexual differences in the topographical distribution of serotonergic fibers in the anterior column of rat lumbar spinal cord. AB - Sexual dimorphism in the topographical organization of immunoreactive serotonergic fibers has been shown for the first time in the anterior column of the rat lumbar cord. A characteristic preferential arrangement of serotonergic fibers on the small cell column composed of anterior horn motoneurons, which have been proved to send their axons to the cremaster muscle, was demonstrated at the lumbar segments (L1-L2) of male rats, using the immunoperoxidase technique with antiserum against serotonin. A similar finding was also observed in female rats, but was less prominent than in males. Comparative analysis of the cell numbers and the size of neuronal somata of the aforementioned nucleus, done using retrograde transport of fluorescent dye (DAPI) via axonal fibers coursing down the genitofemoral nerve to the cremaster muscle, gave significantly larger values in males. The sexual difference in the serotonergic innervation pattern was, in consequence, surmised to be caused by the cytoarchitectonic contrast ascertained in the lumbar anterior column. Furthermore, there may be a striated muscle endowed with some active functions homologous to those of the male cremaster muscle in the female rat. PMID- 6517348 TI - Cytoarchitecture of the rat's supraoptic nucleus. AB - There have been few Golgi studies dealing with the cytoarchitecture of the supraoptic nucleus (SON). This is due in part to resistance of supraoptic neurons to impregnation by Golgi methods. In this study, the structure of the SON was examined in normal S/D rats by using both Nissl and Golgi-silver methods. The purpose was to correlate shape, size and location of neurons within the SON as revealed by these two techniques. On the basis of size, neurons of the SON can be divided into 3 populations: greater than 200 micron2, (9%); 100-200 micron2, (64%); and less than 100 micron2, (27%). The larger neurons are located predominantly at mid-nuclear levels; the smaller at rostral and caudal levels of the nucleus. The perikarya of most SON neurons (64%) are only slightly elliptical in cross-section (L/W less than or equal to 2). The large neurons, however, tend to be more spherical whereas the smaller neurons are more elongated (L/W greater than or equal to 3). In Golgi preparations, a variety of randomly distributed bipolar and multipolar neurons were identified. One form of bipolar neuron had a large spherical or oval cell body that was intimately associated with blood vessels. Its thick, varicose dendrites usually lacked spines and were not extensively branched. A second form of bipolar neuron was distinguished by its smaller more fusiform cell body and lengthy dendrites which were often spinous and more extensively branched. Axons, when present emerged from the cell body or a proximal dendrite and were uniformly thin except for fusiform swellings along their length. Among multipolar neurons, the following variants were distinguished: spherical and polygonal neurons of various sizes with 3-5 dendrites and small triangular neurons with dendrites arising from each of the poles. The results of this study demonstrate the heterogeneity of the rat SON and of its neuronal components, some of which appear suited to function in a nonendocrine capacity, possibly as interneurons. PMID- 6517349 TI - Light and electron microscopic identification of elastic, elaunin and oxytalan fibers in human tracheal and bronchial mucosa. AB - The elastic fiber system in the human tracheal and bronchial mucosa was studied by light and electron microscopy. Elastic fibers, elaunin fibers, and oxytalan fibers were discerned. These fibers were identified by means of their staining characteristics (elastica stains, methods for disulfide-groups) and on account of their fine structural morphology. Elastic fibers consist of elastin and few "elastic-fiber microfibrils". The relative amount of elastin (compared to the amount of elastic-fiber microfibrils) is large in elastic fibers but small in elaunin fibers. Oxytalan fibers - by contrast - are pure bundles of microfibrils. In the light microscope a well-defined elastic lamina separates the lamina propria and the submucosa of the normal mucous membrane. The elastic lamina is formed by coarse strands of longitudinally running elastic fibers. A delicate network of elastica-positive fibers is attached to the basement membrane of the epithelial layer (subepithelial elastic layer). A few of these elastica-positive fibers branch out, traverse the region of the thickened basement membrane, and insert into the basal lamina of the epithelium. A loose network of elastica positive fibers is present both in the lamina propria and in the submucosa. Plates of cartilage, glandular epithelium, and bundles of smooth muscle cells are enveloped by delicate elastica-positive fibers. Electron microscopy shows the lamina elastica to be predominantly composed of elastic fibers, whilst elaunin fibers form the subepithelial elastic layer. Fibers penetrating the thickened basement membrane of the epithelium are identified as oxytalan fibers. All three types of fibers are present throughout the lamina propria and in the submucosa.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6517350 TI - Pericyte endothelial gap junctions in human cerebral capillaries. AB - Human cerebral tissue has been ultrastructurally studied and gap junctions have been visualized between endothelial cells and pericytes that permit ion exchange. We propose that the functional interrelationship between endothelium and pericytes may play a role in the alteration of capillary diameter for the control of local cerebral blood flow. PMID- 6517351 TI - On the differentiation and migration of some non-neuronal neural crest derived cell types. AB - Neural tubes containing premigratory neural crest cells from head and trunk levels as well as somites containing neural crest cells that have migrated away from the neural crest were grafted orthotopically and heterotopically from quail embryos to chicken embryos. Schwann cells and melanocytes of donor origin developed after all grafting procedures. Cartilage developed only from neural crest cells of head levels. No skeletal muscle was ever observed to develop from the neural crest. The development of these different cell types from heterotopically grafted premigratory neural crest cells indicates that the neural crest is not a population of pluripotent undeterminated cells, but that at least some determinated cells are present within it before the onset of emigration of neural crest cells from the neural crest. Different neural-crest-derived cell populations exhibit different migratory behaviour: After heterotopically grafting quail neural crest cells to the wing buds of chicken embryos, Schwann cells and non-epidermal melanocytes were found to have migrated proximally and distally away from the grafts. Epidermal melanocytes of donor origin were found to have migrated in a distal direction essentially. PMID- 6517352 TI - Monocyte-enriched cells on calcified tissues. AB - Monocyte-enriched human blood cells seeded on to sperm whale dentine and cultured for up to 20 days failed to produce any morphological signs of resorbtive activity, although multinucleate giant cells were formed. In contrast, preparations containing known osteoclasts derived from bone resorbed the same substrate within hours. PMID- 6517353 TI - Anatomy of the cecum of the cat. AB - In a series of comparative anatomical studies on the ceca of various mammals the cat was chosen as representative of a "typical" carnivore. In the domestic cat, the cecum is conspicuously small and macroscopically relatively undifferentiated in comparison to most herbivores. Microscopically (light, scanning and transmission electron microscopy), however, it is characterized by an abundance of goblet cells and enterocytes rich in organelles, suggestive of functional activity. In addition to the morphological description, which also includes arterial supply and mesenteries of the cecum, the discussion is focussed on 1) the possible functional significance of the numerous goblet cells 2) a general categorization of the different types of ileal-caeco-colical junctions and 3) speculations concerning the justification for considering the carnivore cecum as being rudimentary. PMID- 6517354 TI - GABA-containing neurons in the thalamus and pretectum of the rodent. An immunocytochemical study. AB - Antisera produced by immunizing rabbits with GABA conjugated to bovine serum albumin reacted, after purification, strongly with GABA fixed with glutaraldehyde to rat brain macromolecules, but insignificantly with other fixed amino acids (Storm-Mathisen et al. 1983). Sections through the diencephalon of perfusion fixed mouse and rat brains showed a highly selective labeling pattern after incubation with these antisera. All cells of the reticular nucleus appeared to be stained. Smaller proportions of stained perikarya occurred in the dorsal and ventral subdivisions of the lateral geniculate body, in the medial geniculate body, in the lateroposterior nucleus, and in all nuclei of the pretectum. Labeled cell bodies were only rarely encountered in the ventrobasal complex, and were not found in the anterior and medial groups of thalamic nuclei. Stained axons were particularly concentrated in the ventrobasal complex, and in the stria medullaris, stria terminalis and inferior thalamic peduncle. The arrangement and density of labeled bouton-like dots varied markedly among nuclei, the highest densities occurring in the paraventricular and parataenial nuclei, and in the ventral subdivision of the lateral geniculate body. The mean staining intensity of the thalamic neuropil was lower than that of nearby structures, such as the hypothalamus and zona incerta. The present results on direct immunocytochemical detection of GABA are consistent with, and extend, data from immunocytochemical studies of the GABA-synthetizing enzyme, glutamic acid decarboxylase. PMID- 6517355 TI - The blood vessels of the cat girdle placenta. Observations on corrosion casts, scanning electron microscopical and histological studies. II. Fetal vasculature. AB - The fetal microvascular architecture of the feline near-term placenta was investigated using scanning electron micrographs of partially fractured corrosion casts from plastic-filled vessels. The findings were compared with those on corresponding semithin histological sections. The branches of both umbilical arteries and veins roughly follow a course parallel to the zonary girdle on the allantochorionic side of the feline placenta in an acute-angled pattern of ramifications. They join the double-layered capillary networks in the chorionic lamellae of the labyrinth, which generally exhibit a chorio-uterine orientation and are partially twirled. On the allantochorionic side of the labyrinth, these fetal capillary networks are "suspended" on the maternal stem-artery-system of the placenta; on the uterine side, they have peduncular or tuft-like endings of capillary loops and are flattened by the uterine septa, which at this level converge into the maternal veins. The chorionic capillary lamellae have a variable breadth and length and therefore need shorter or longer arterioles and venules from the allantochorionic side to become irrigated at any level of the labyrinth. As a result, the feline placenta is characterized by a generally one way crosscurrent type of materno-fetal blood flow. PMID- 6517356 TI - Morphometric studies of the extraglomerular mesangial cell field in volume expanded and volume depleted rats. AB - The extraglomerular mesangial cell field was studied by morphometric techniques in volume expanded and volume depleted rats. The volume density of the extraglomerular mesangial interstitium was found to be significantly different between the two conditions, 16.9 +/- 3.7% in volume depletion and 29.0 +/- 4.1% in volume expansion. No difference in the volume density of the peritubular interstitium could be detected under the same conditions. These findings are interpreted as indicating a specific sensitivity of the extraglomerular mesangial interstitium to changes in body fluid content, a phenomenon which may play a role in the mechanism of resetting the tubulo-glomerular feedback control. PMID- 6517357 TI - Distribution of lectin binding in rat testis and epididymis. AB - Seven lectins (PNA, RCA I, SBA, Con A, WGA, UEA I, DBA) conjugated with rhodamine were employed to analyse the staining pattern of glycoproteins with varying sugar residues in the testis and epididymis of adult Wistar rats. Some lectins (UEA I, SBA, DBA) gave rather specific staining of the mature acrosome, while others (PNA, RCA I) showed affinity for the early stages of acrosome formation or had a wide affinity for germinal and non-germinal cells and structures (Con A, WGA). In the epididymis the sperm mass had a homogeneous staining reaction with some lectins (PNA, RCA I, Con A, WGA, DBA) which also showed a rather strong reaction on the epithelial surface. It was concluded that this reaction is at least partially due to the secretory products synthetized by principal, apical, narrow and light cells of the epididymal epithelium. Some differences in the staining pattern of these cells were recorded indicating specialization of the cells for the production of distinct glycoproteins. The staining pattern of the interstitial and intertubular compartment of the testis and epididymis was also recorded. PMID- 6517358 TI - Human testicular cell suspensions in vitro using post mortem material. AB - A method is described for culturing human testicular cells from post mortem material for at least 10 days in a serum free medium. The success of the technique is based on the fact that a layer of testicular cells remains undisturbed on the bottom of a culture flask during culturing and the medium is constantly renewed by a perfusion flow. It is shown that cells form junctions within several hours allowing metabolic coupling, indicating active survival of cells during culture period. PMID- 6517359 TI - Use of strain gauge plethysmography in the study of varicocele. AB - The clinical significance of strain gauge plethysmography in pampiniform plexus pathology has been explored, with the assumption that there should be some analogy with lower limb venous conditions in which this examination gives valuable results. The first findings seem to confirm that strain gauge plethysmography affords, in varicocele, some reliable evaluations on venous drainage insufficiency, capacity and resiliency of spermatic venous bed as well as on functional results of surgical treatment. PMID- 6517360 TI - Ultrastructural localization of lectin binding sites of the acrosomal membrane system of boar spermatozoa. AB - The distribution of the main lectin receptors of boar spermatozoa were analyzed by concanavalin A and Ricinus communis agglutinin-120 visualized for light microscopy by enzymatic amplification with 3-amino-9-ethylcarbazole. The lectin binding sites of the acrosomal membranes in addition to the plasma membrane were displayed by electron microscopy using the lectin-peroxidase and lectin-ferritin technique. Lectin binding was particularly prominent at the anterior part of the head. It could be shown that both acrosomal membranes contain receptor sites for concanavalin A and Ricinus communis-agglutinin-120. Additionally, the whole cell surface could be labeled with both lectins. PMID- 6517361 TI - Phagocytosis of latex beads by the epithelial cells in the terminal region of the vas deferens of the cat: SEM and TEM study. AB - The present scanning and transmission electron microscopic observations of the terminal vas deferens of the cat have revealed that the epithelial cells, like luminal macrophages, are not only involved in the removal of spermatozoa as previously reported but also capable of taking up actively the latex beads injected to the lumen. In addition, orchidectomy has been shown to do not have any remarkable effects on the ability of the epithelial cells for phagocytosis of beads. PMID- 6517362 TI - A statistical comparison of three methods for the counting of human spermatozoa. AB - Three methods for the counting of human spermatozoa were compared and evaluated. Firstly the white blood cell pipette and hemocytometer method was used. For the second method the Makler counting chamber was used and the results of the third method were obtained by using a glass tuberculin syringe instead of the white blood cell pipette for diluting purposes. The tuberculin syringe is the standard method used in this laboratory. The tuberculin method showed a high degree of precision and accuracy, especially when compared to the makler counting chamber method. Through a simultaneous pairwise linear structural relationships analysis, whereby an error variance was estimated for each method, it was found that the tuberculin syringe method was the most accurate followed by Makler's method, and then the white blood cell pipette method. PMID- 6517363 TI - Immunological screening of a male population with infertile marriages. AB - Four hundred not preselected male partners of infertile marriages were screened for the presence of anti-sperm antibodies. Serum and seminal plasma specimens from each patient were tested by the modified slide agglutination test (MSAT) and by the sperm-immobilization test. In addition, the IgG MAR test was performed on fresh ejaculates. Thirteen per cent of patients showed sperm agglutinating activity in serum and 5.7% also in seminal plasma. Sperm-immobilizing activity was found in 4.7% of serum and 1% of seminal plasma specimens, always associated with a high titre of sperm agglutinating activity. A highly significant linear correlation was found between the results of the MAR test and serum sperm agglutinating activity; the presence of sperm-agglutinating activity in seminal plasma was always associated with MAR test positivity greater than 50%. The incidence of anti-sperm antibodies was not significantly different in patients with normo-, oligo- and azoospermia. The effectiveness and the easiness of both the MAR test and the MSAT do not justify, in our opinion, the utilization of more complex and expensive techniques for the detection of anti-sperm antibodies. PMID- 6517364 TI - Presence of several elements in normal and pathological human semen samples and its origin. AB - Spectroscopic analysis of seventeen normal and pathological semen samples was done to reveal the different elements present in it. The sensitivity of the instrument was 1 micrograms/g. The observed elements include sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, phosphorus, iron, manganese, zinc, copper, boron, silicon, thallium, vanadium, aluminium, mercury and gold. This is the richest source of gold reported in biological materials. An attempt was done to locate the origin of these elements. Thus gold is released from caput epididymis. PMID- 6517365 TI - [Sympathetic-adrenal system in diplodor general anesthesia in heart surgery patients]. PMID- 6517366 TI - [Comparative evaluation of 2 methods of peridural analgesia during labor]. PMID- 6517367 TI - [Infectious-toxic shock in suppurative peritonitis]. PMID- 6517368 TI - [Completely closed articical pulmonary ventilation during general anesthesia in children]. PMID- 6517370 TI - [Oxygen transport function of the blood in the presence of reduced hemoglobin concentrations in the blood after open heart surgery]. PMID- 6517369 TI - [Pathophysiology and diagnosis of the acute hepatorenal syndrome in surgery]. PMID- 6517371 TI - [Role of the cardiovascular system in providing for 02 transport after open heart surgery]. PMID- 6517372 TI - [Effect of assisted circulation by the intra-aortic balloon contrapulsation method and left ventricular shunting on the severity of destructive processes in the myocardium]. PMID- 6517373 TI - [Free-radical lipid peroxidation reactions in pulmonary edema]. PMID- 6517374 TI - [Sinus rhythm of the heart in the postoperative period of neurosurgical patients]. PMID- 6517375 TI - [Effect of anesthesia and surgery on indices of cellular and humoral immunity in surgical patients]. PMID- 6517376 TI - [External respiration, oxygen consumption, blood gases and acid-base equilibrium as indices of the antihypoxic effect of balanced general anesthesia in children]. PMID- 6517377 TI - [Combined general anesthesia based on intravenous drip infusion of ketamine in pediatric surgical neurology]. PMID- 6517378 TI - [Adequacy of ataralgesia in abdominal surgical procedures]. PMID- 6517379 TI - [Effect of hemosorption on the functional state of the erythrocytes of preserved donor blood]. PMID- 6517380 TI - [Enzymatic-bacterial fibrinolysis during gynecologic surgery]. PMID- 6517381 TI - [Method of individual postoperative anesthesia during reconstructive surgery of the hand]. PMID- 6517382 TI - [Postoperative complications in a patient with injuries of the common carotid artery and internal jugular vein]. PMID- 6517383 TI - [Adequacy of anesthesia]. PMID- 6517384 TI - [Arterial lesions in the toxic syndrome. Apropos of a case treated using direct arterial surgery]. PMID- 6517385 TI - [Therapy of ischemic ulcers of the lower extremities using plafibride]. PMID- 6517387 TI - [Physiopathological and pathogenic aspects of intermittent claudication]. PMID- 6517386 TI - [Long-term clinico-biological study of a platelet anti-aggregant (triflusal) in patients with progressive arteriosclerosis]. PMID- 6517388 TI - [Anatomical variants of the thoracic duct]. PMID- 6517389 TI - [Penile-brachial pressure index as an expression of the degree off hypogastric circulatory insufficiency]. PMID- 6517390 TI - [Recurring varicose syndromes. Personal experience]. PMID- 6517391 TI - On a basic 31 kDa muscle membrane protein in cattle and pig, presumably equivalent to the class II antigen associated p31 molecule. AB - In a recent paper we gave evidence by two-dimensional electrophoresis that, in man, the class II antigen associated glycoprotein p31 (also called Ii, In, M1, DR gamma, XM1) is expressed not only in the membranes of B lymphocytes but also in those of muscle, liver and brain. It can therefore be assumed that the p31 is not really associated with the human class II antigens but is a ubiquitous molecule. Here we demonstrate for the first time that the muscle membranes of cattle and pig contain corresponding polypeptides, with a molecular weight of about 31 kDa and an isoelectric point around 7.5, which comigrate in two-dimensional electrophoresis with p31 derived from the human muscle. Thus, in cattle and pig too, these proteins seem to be equivalent to the class II antigen associated p31, showing a tissue distribution wider than observed up to now. The molecules can be concentrated by ion-exchange chromatography. PMID- 6517392 TI - The plasma protease inhibitor system (Pi) of Standardbred horses. AB - The plasma protease inhibitor system (Pi) of Standardbred horses was studied by thin-layer, high-voltage, acid polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (pH 4.6) followed by protein staining and staining for trypsin and chymotrypsin inhibition. In addition to the eight Thoroughbred alleles (PiF, G, I, L, N, S1, S2, U), another 10 alleles, designated PiH, J, K, O, P, Q, R, V, X, Z, were postulated to account for the 98 Pi types which were observed in Standardbreds. Detailed inhibitory spectra of the 'new' alleles were determined and further exceptions to the Pi1, Pi2 classification of Juneja et al. (1979) were found. Limited family data demonstrated the genetic nature of the 'new' variants and confirmed the allelic inheritance of the 'new' Pi variants. PMID- 6517393 TI - A method for freezing bovine lymphocytes. AB - A simple two-stage technique for preserving bovine lymphocytes is described. Lymphocytes from animals chosen at random were used. The experiments indicate that the optimum temperature for freezing and the optimum concentration of dimethylsulphoxide (DMSO) as cryoprotectant were in the range -29 degrees C to 31 degrees C and 17.5% to 20% respectively. These concentrations of DMSO are much greater than those reported in most other studies. PMID- 6517394 TI - Cryopreservation of lymphocytes in whole cattle blood: a method suited to the field collection of large numbers of samples. PMID- 6517395 TI - The transfer of bovine J blood group activity to erythrocytes: evidence of a transferable and of a non-transferable J in serum. PMID- 6517396 TI - [Anesthesia protocol in the swine. Effects of bleeding on circulation and acid base equilibrium]. AB - Haemodynamic parameters and their variations after the loss of 250 and 500 ml of blood under anaesthesia were studied in nine, 11 to 12 week-old, domestic swine weighing 37.4 +/- 2.6 kg. Premedication consisted of 2 ml azaperone i.m. Anaesthesia was induced with thiopentone, followed by suxamethonium to allow the easy placement of a cuffed endotracheal tube. Anaesthesia was maintained with phenoperidine and pancuronium. The animals were mechanically ventilated with a 50/50 nitrous oxide-oxygen mixture. A catheter was inserted in each of the femoral artery, upper hepatic vein, vena cava and portal vein. Right atrial, pulmonary and wedge pressures were measured; stroke volume, systemic and pulmonary resistances were calculated (fC 90 c X min-1, Pa 82 mmHg, Pra 4.7 mmHg, Ppa 24 mmHg, Ppw 11.6 mmHg, Q 4.45 l X min-1 and Rsa 1460 dyn X s X cm-5). The swine were then bled. After a bleed of 250 ml (t1), the haemodynamic parameters were significantly modified. After another bleed of 250 ml (t2), the heart rate only was significantly higher than at t1; but the blood transfusing could not re establish a normal haemodynamic state. Blood samples were obtained to measure pH and total CO2 in a systemic artery, and the upper hepatic veins, vena cava and portal vein: the results suggested that the liver took part in the removal of acid metabolites. PMID- 6517397 TI - [Urinary excretion of creatinine and 3-methylhistidine in multiply injured patients]. AB - The daily urinary excretion of 3,methylhistidine (3,MeHis) was measured in eight severely injured patients for periods of at least two weeks to at most one month after the trauma. The patients were fed with 0.20 +/- 0.05 g X kg-1 X 24 h-1 of nitrogen and 25 +/- 5 kcal X kg-1 X 24 h-1 given as glucose. The pattern of 3,MeHis and creatinine excretion as well as the weight loss suggested the following: 1) the muscle protein breakdown in these patients was approximately twice the normal value (the mean 3,MeHis excretions were respectively 7.98, 7.21, 6.26 and 5.14 mumol X kg-1 X 24 h-1 for the four week study period, compared with the normal value of 3.73); 2) the creatinine excretion decreased slowly. This showed the magnitude of muscle wasting in these patients who, in one month, could lose up to 20% of their initial weight. Various factors could be responsible for increasing and extending the muscle protein catabolism: the importance of muscle damage, the metabolic response to neurotrauma, sepsis and prolonged immobilization. In these conditions, it would seem useless and even harmful to try, at all costs, to obtain a positive nitrogen balance. The authors suggest therefore an average intake of 0.2 g X kg-1 X 24 h-1 of nitrogen, which should be sufficient to meet the requirements for protein synthesis. PMID- 6517398 TI - [Prolonged catheterization of the radial artery. Prospective evaluation of the thrombogenic and infectious risk]. AB - The rates of thrombosis and infection were studied in 102 patients who underwent 107 radial artery cannulations. A Leader cath, ORX cannula (Vygon) was placed using Seldinger's method. It was continuously perfused with an heparinized 5% dextrose solution via an Intraflo fixed upon an arterial catheter. The cannulae were used for arterial pressure monitoring and measuring arterial blood gases. Before removing the catheter, a forearm arteriography was realized with 20 ml Hexabrix. Bacterial examination and culture were carried out on the cannula tips. 70 men and 32 women (mean age: 50 +/- 17 years) were studied. Mean duration of cannulation was 9 +/- 7 days (range: 1-34 days). Complete or partial radial artery thrombosis occurred in 85%. Complete thrombosis occurred more frequently in women (84%) than in men (54%) (p less than 0.05). There was no correlation between thrombosis and duration of cannulation (9.9 +/- days for thrombosis and 7.9 +/- 4.3 days without thrombosis). Bacterial cultures of cannula tips were positive in 24% of cannulations. Pathogenic bacilli grew in only 9%. Infected cannulas were in situ for 9.9 +/- 7 days against 8.9 +/- 6.7 days for the non infected cannulas (NS). There was no correlation between infection and radial artery thrombosis. The use of another material (silicone, Teflon) must be studied in order to decrease the occurrence of thrombosis. PMID- 6517400 TI - [A pneumatic transfusion accelerator]. AB - A new simple device using piped medical gases for the inflation of pressure cuffs used for rapid intravenous infusions is described. The pressure cuffs are maintained inflated with piped medical oxygen delivered by an adjustable pressure regulator. Operating advantages of this device were: 1) inflation time for the cuff and infusion time for fluids kept in collapsible PVC bags (whole blood, plasma, cellular concentrates or other fluids) were considerably shortened, not requiring any manual manipulation throughout the infusion; 2) when the bag is emptied, the large bore tubing used allowed rapid deflation of the cuffs; 3) the procedure was as safe as manual acceleration of transfusion, and simpler, requiring a simple three-way stopcock. PMID- 6517399 TI - [2 cases of anaphylaxis from droperidol]. AB - Following two cases of anaphylactoid reactions during anaesthesia, immunoallergological investigations showed up the responsibility of droperidol, which probably acted by way of an anaphylactic mechanism. In both cases, there were no cardiovascular signs, the main clinical symptom being bronchospasm. The exceptional nature of allergic accidents due to neuroleptic drugs, as opposed to extrapyramidal phenomena, must be underlined. However, these reactions should cast doubts on the safety and usefulness of neuroleptanalgesia. PMID- 6517401 TI - [Anesthesia and intensive care in cardiac surgery. Activity at the French centers in 1982]. AB - A national survey was carried out to inquire about the practice of anaesthesia and surgical intensive care in cardiac surgery in French hospitals. In 1982, 15,797 surgical procedures with cardiopulmonary bypass were collected; 1,360 and 555 were performed in children and infants respectively. Coronary surgery accounted for 46% of the total. For the same time interval, 2,554 operations without cardiopulmonary bypass were done. Postoperative care was supervised by anaesthesiologists in most of the French centres. The duration of stay of patients in intensive care units increased as the unit's activity decreased. With the exception of arterial blood pressure monitoring, there was no consensus on the method or the extent of monitoring of patients undergoing cardiac surgery. A Swan-Ganz catheter was only used in 18% of cases. Neuroleptanalgesia was the anaesthetic technique most often used. PMID- 6517402 TI - [Postoperative epidural analgesia with pethidine in digestive surgery]. PMID- 6517403 TI - [Areactive bilateral mydriasis and thiopental in neurologic intensive care]. PMID- 6517405 TI - Design of a total wrist prosthesis. AB - Diseased wrist joints, in such cases as rheumatoid arthritis, are often required to be replaced by a prosthesis to relieve pain and to recover the wrist function. In designing this replacement, it is essential to understand the behavior of a normal wrist joint in its kinematic and kinetic aspects. An experimental and analytical study was conducted to obtain various parameters regarding the normal wrist joint. The significance of these parameters were discussed and are to be used for the design criteria. Based on normal wrist joint study, a universal, constrained, total replacement was designed and compared with the existing prosthesis in a laboratory experiment. PMID- 6517404 TI - A new method for continuous intraoperative measurement of Harrington rod loading patterns. AB - A new method has been developed for continuous intra-operative monitoring of bone and implant loading patterns in the operative correction of scoliosis using the Harrington distraction rod. The method incorporates a strain gauge instrumented, distal Harrington hook and similarly equipped Harrington operating instruments (outrigger and distractor). These latter instruments are used to calibrate the hook's response to bone loads under existing operative conditions. Alternative methods of monitoring loading patterns were explored and rejected because they were noncontinuous, more difficult to use, altered the mechanics of the system, or required more expensive components. The method established is being used to avoid bone rupture or rod damage while gaining maximum spinal correction and to determine the effect of auxiliary implant components on loading patterns. PMID- 6517407 TI - [Research in pediatric practice]. PMID- 6517406 TI - A simulation method for the study of laser transillumination of biological tissues. AB - The Monte-Carlo method is employed to simulate the illumination of a blood slab by a continuous laser. It is assumed that the geometry of the medium is bidimensional and that scattering or absorption takes place only when a photon strikes a red blood cell. The parameters involved in the calculations concern the photons free path lengths between two collisions, the scattering angles and the absorption probability at collision. These parameters are assessed according to experimental or literature data. Fortran programs allow the computation of diffuse and collimated transmittances (Td and Tc, respectively), of transmittance measured with an optic fiber Tf and of reflectance R. The variations of Tc and Tf with blood thickness are in accordance with established laws. Moreover, measured and computed reflectances change with hematocrit ratio in a similar way. This work demonstrates that the Monte-Carlo method is a simple reliable tool which can be used to provide a realistic model of laser penetration in complex biological structures. Moreover, this method will permit investigations in laser tomo spectrometry by providing a useful simulation of the interaction of ultrashort light pulses with biological media. PMID- 6517408 TI - [Teaching the pediatric patient]. PMID- 6517409 TI - [Organization of a pediatric practice]. PMID- 6517411 TI - [Aspects of professional pediatrics in relation to teaching and research (introduction)]. PMID- 6517410 TI - [Sex-related neurologic diseases. Menkes disease. Incontinentia pigmenti]. PMID- 6517412 TI - [Sex-related neurologic diseases. Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Lowe's disease]. PMID- 6517413 TI - [Growth and development. Physiological variations of the growth pattern: diagnostic criteria and therapeutic approach]. PMID- 6517414 TI - [Growth and development. Growth evaluation using anthropometric technics]. PMID- 6517415 TI - [Growth and development. Prediction of adult height]. PMID- 6517416 TI - [Growth and development. Evaluation of bone maturation]. PMID- 6517417 TI - [Growth and development. Evaluation of sex maturation]. PMID- 6517418 TI - [Specialization in teaching]. PMID- 6517419 TI - Protection of the public in the event of major radiation accidents: principles for planning. A report of Committee 4 of the International Commission on Radiological protection. PMID- 6517420 TI - [Prognosis of medullary cancers of the thyroid]. PMID- 6517421 TI - [Recurrent abortions and circulating anticoagulant. Relation to lupic disease: 6 cases]. AB - Six women, aged 16 to 27 years old at the beginning of their illness suffered recurrent spontaneous abortion (two to eight episodes) and three of them had arteriolar venous thrombosis. These symptoms led to the finding of an antiprothrombinase type of circulating anticoagulant. In two cases, positive dissociated syphilitic serology was observed and all patients presented other haematological abnormalities: thrombocytopaenia and/or autoimmune haemolysis. The diagnosis of disseminated lupus erythematosis was established after an average period of 11 years (range 1 to 27 years) based on at least 4 of the ARA criteria (five out of six cases) and/or characteristic immunological abnormalities (five out of six cases). Thrombosis is more common in lupus when there are associated haematological abnormalities. It is probably directly related to the presence of circulating anticoagulant which inhibits the production and/or secretion of prostacyclin by the endothelial cells. PMID- 6517422 TI - [Evaluation of the biliary passage of beta-lactam antibiotics]. AB - The present study is devoted to the biliary excretion of some beta-lactam antibiotics (6 derived from the penicillin group: Penicillin G, Ampicillin, Metampicillin, Carbenicillin, Mezlocillin, Apalcillin and 9 from the cephalosporin group: Cephalothin, Cephaloridine, Cephacetrile, Cefalexin, Cefazolin, Cefamandole, Cefuroxime, Cefaclor and Ceftizoxime). The biliary excretion of these antibiotics was assessed by 4 different procedures: 1) experimental study of their biliary elimination by a perfused isolated rabbit liver; 2) in humans, by evaluation of their passage: a) in aspirated duodenal fluid, b) in bile collected by external biliary drainage, c) and in bile obtained by puncture of the main bile duct and the gall bladder during surgery. The results of these different investigations were concordant and showed that the biliary excretion of Metampicillin, Apalcillin and Mezlocillin was definitely higher than that of the other studied beta-lactams; on account of their suitable antibacterial spectrum, these 3 derivatives should be used in preference for the treatment of biliary infection. PMID- 6517423 TI - [Efficacy and reversible nephrotoxicity of cefsulodin during treatment of septicemia from Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection of a pacemaker]. AB - A case of P. aeruginosa septicaemia originating from a pace-maker electrode is described. Cure was obtained by surgical ablation of the contaminated electrode by a right thoracotomy and monotherapy with cefsulodin, an antibacterial agent. Nephrotoxicity was observed during treatment and regressed after its withdrawal. No other potentially nephrotoxic drug was used. The therapeutic indications of new beta-lactamase stable cephalosporins are reviewed. PMID- 6517424 TI - [Early cerebral vascular accidents in treated Horton's disease. Responsibility of the corticoid treatment?]. AB - Two cases of strokes in the vertebrobasilar territory were observed in patients with Horton's disease during the first week of treatment when the inflammatory process seemed clinically and biologically under control. The mechanisms of arterial ischaemia are discussed: specific localisation of giant cell arteritis, associated atherosclerosis, failure of therapy or a possible inducing role of steroid therapy as the chronology of these cases would suggest. PMID- 6517425 TI - [Aneurysm of the trunk of the superior mesenteric artery and polyaneurysmal disease of the right paracolic arcade of fibromuscular hyperplasia type. A case]. AB - The authors report a case of an aneurysm of the mid part of the superior mesenteric artery associated with polyaneurysmal disease of the right paracolic arterial arcade. Features of special interest in this case were the rarity of the location of the aneurysm and its aetiology: a hyperplastic fibromuscular angiodysplasia. PMID- 6517427 TI - [Adrenomyeloneuropathy. 4 cases developing with the features of familial spasmodic paraplegia]. AB - Four cases of adrenomyelopathy, the adult form of adrenoleukodystrophy, three of which were familial, were reported. The neurological disease consisted of progressive spasmodic paraplegia, sphincter disorders, peripheral neuropathy, occasional deep sensibility impairment and psychiatric disturbances in one case. Adrenal insufficiency was confirmed after the appearance of the neurological signs in two cases; in another case it had been diagnosed in childhood. Gonadal insufficiency was present in all cases and clinically apparent in two patients. Detailed genetic studies were carried out in two patients of the same family. Histocompatibility tests showed A2 and B15 antigens in three out of four cases. The diagnosis was confirmed in three cases by measurement of serum long chain fatty acid with increased C26 levels and C26/C22 ratios. Peripheral nerve biopsy in 1 patient showed characteristic inclusion bodies in the Schwann cells. The authors discuss the relationship between ALD and familial spasmodic paraplegia, the mode of genetic transmission of the disease and the diagnostic value of neuromuscular biopsy and measurement of serum long chain fatty acid levels. PMID- 6517426 TI - [Adrenomyeloneuropathy. Endocrine, clinical and biological study of 4 cases]. AB - Adrenoleukomyeloneuropathy (ALMN) is a rare neurological and endocrine disorder. It usually affects children, and consists of cortical disease and adrenal insufficiency (adrenoleukodystrophy: ALD). An adult form has recently been identified in which medullary disease is associated with an endocrine disorder (adrenomyeloneuropathy AMN). The authors describe the clinical, biological and physiopathological features of four cases of AMN. PMID- 6517428 TI - [Epidemiology of drug abuse in the French army]. AB - French medical service has carried on an epidemiological study of toxicological conducts for the last ten years. But, in 1982, the number of registered cases has undergone a deflation of 19 p. 100 compared en 1981. Without to jump to conclusions, then, general statistics note an aggravation of these toxicological conducts, such an acknowledgment is hopeful. It would be a sign of nearest decline of endemic toxicomania in our state. PMID- 6517429 TI - [Blood glucose self-monitoring: visual or automated read-out? Comparative study of 6 methods of blood glucose determination by reactive strips]. AB - Home blood glucose monitoring is becoming increasingly popular in diabetic patients. The purpose of this work was to determine the accuracy of this technique. We have compared plasma glucose obtained in the laboratory and two reagent strips (Dextrostix and Haemoglukotest 20-800). No differences were found among visually-read values and meter-read values using either Dextrometer, Glukometer, Hypocount or Glucochek. Thus, visually-read strips seem to be sufficient for clinical purposes with best results for HGT. The performances of different meters are similar. Nevertheless must patients favoured the use of a meter because of the apparent "objectivity" of the values. Furthermore, meters provide to patients a better involvement in the management of their disease. PMID- 6517430 TI - [Centropontine myelinolysis]. PMID- 6517431 TI - [Anatomo-clinical conference. Hopital de la Pitie-Salpetriere. Case 5--1984. Fever and leukopenia 27 years after splenectomy]. PMID- 6517432 TI - [Early diagnosis of Biermer's disease. Contribution of HLA grouping: a case]. PMID- 6517433 TI - Non-pupillary block angle-closure glaucomas and their treatment by laser. Part I: Description. PMID- 6517434 TI - The siloxane bond in contact lens materials: the siloxanyl alkyl methacrylate copolymers. AB - The siloxanyl alkyl methacrylate copolymers with methyl methacrylate and other components including hydrophilic monomers and crosslinking agents are used to make siloxane methacrylate oxygen-permeable rigid contact lenses. These copolymers contain the element silicon as siloxane bonds in side branches of the main polymer chain, which is made of carbon-to-carbon bonds. The siloxane bonds are the main contributing factor to the oxygen permeability of these materials. Because silicone is not a component of these contact lenses, it is not appropriate to refer to them as silicone methacrylate contact lenses. This paper analyzes data from three fundamental patents and gives the oxygen permeability coefficients of three types of siloxanyl alkyl methacrylate copolymers. In one type the siloxanyl component contains two silicon atoms, in the second type it contains three silicon atoms, and in the third type it contains four silicon atoms. A general relationship, expressed by a power function, is developed between the oxygen permeability coefficients of siloxanyl alkyl methacrylate copolymers and dimethylsilicone rubber and their percent disiloxane or silicon content. PMID- 6517435 TI - Metastasis of a very small choroidal melanoma without apparent clinical change. AB - An unusual case occurred of a very small choroidal melanoma which was clinically inactive for 5 1/2 years, yet developed metastasis. This case appears to be the smallest reported choroidal melanoma with metastatic disease and the first reported metastasis to the anus. The very small size of this choroidal melanoma and its quiescent clinical behavior at the time of the discovery of metastasis, emphasizes the possible danger of observing of small choroidal melanomas. PMID- 6517436 TI - Cilioretinal artery occlusion: a case report. AB - A young man had an occlusion of the cilioretinal artery. Recirculation in the vessel was established within 48 hours. The retinal damage has been permanent with no improvement in visual acuity. Fluorescein angiography during the stages of occlusion and established recirculation have been described. Vascular spasm of a short posterior ciliary artery due to smoking is the likely causal factor. The site of obstruction and the hemodynamic factors have been discussed. PMID- 6517437 TI - An ophthalmologist's personal experience with radial keratotomy. PMID- 6517438 TI - Granuloma pyogenicum originating from the caruncle. AB - This paper describes, to our knowledge, the first reported granuloma pyogenicum originating from the caruncle, and reviews the clinical and pathological findings associated with the disease. PMID- 6517439 TI - Follow-up of macular holes. AB - A qualitative study of the 72 patients presenting between 1969 and 1982 with full thickness macular holes unassociated with extensive retinal detachment has been made. Twenty-two affected and 19 fellow eyes have been followed for 24 to 120 (median 56) months. Findings point up the need to investigate more closely the factors inhibiting macular hole development and the oftentimes fine distinctions between the ophthalmological, medical, and sociological contributions to this disability and its prevention. PMID- 6517441 TI - Treatment of the occlusion of the central retinal vein by section of the posterior ring. AB - Forty-four patients with central retinal vein occlusion, who had been treated with decompression of the central retinal artery and vein by section of the posterior scleral ring were studied, in order to evaluate the benefit of the surgery. Our results were compared with others in which the disease was left to follow its natural course, without any treatment. The most common associated vascular disease was systemic hypertension. The visual prognosis was better in venous stasis retinopathy than in hemorrhagic retinopathy. In the present article, special emphasis was placed on the occurrence of neovascular glaucoma after surgery. PMID- 6517442 TI - [Consequences of perinatal hypoxia in term infants]. PMID- 6517440 TI - Bilateral idiopathic inflammatory pseudotumor of the orbits. AB - Four cases of bilateral orbital idiopathic inflammatory pseudotumors are analysed as regards their clinical, CT and ultrasonographic features. Bilateral orbital involvement tends to occur in a younger age group while optic nerve involvement is invariable. Certain echographic features like variation of angle kappa, increase in the width of retrobulbar fat complex and decreased orbital pulsations on M-scan are highlighted. PMID- 6517443 TI - [Subclasses of muscarinic receptors: their distribution in various areas of the brain of the human fetus at different stages of pregnancy]. PMID- 6517444 TI - [Self-palpation in the early diagnosis of breast tumors: the role of the gynecologist]. PMID- 6517445 TI - [Use of a clindamycin phosphate-gentamycin combination in endometritis following induced abortion]. PMID- 6517446 TI - [Caustic diaper dermatitis and encephalitis secondary to the application of talcum contaminated with hexachlorophene]. AB - Five observations of infants with transcutaneous intoxication by 6,3 p. 100 hexachlorophene contaminated talcum powder are reported. The diaper dermatitis is particular because of its topography (red pants shape), of its sudden occurring, of its papyraceous aspect evoking caustic origin, and of its association with severe encephalopathy. The neurological signs start with epileptic fits leading rapidly to coma. Prognosis is serious leading either to death or to paraplegia. Enquiry on that epidemic shows that mortality raised up to 18 p. 100. The neurological signs with oedematous degeneration of myelin are characteristic of hexachlorophene toxicity. Plasma levels of toxics range up to 15,94 mg/ml i.e. 30 times more than the rates observed by Curley in a premature washed with a commercial solution containing 3 p. 100 hexachlorophene. During a toxic neurological syndrome, the existence of diaper dermatitis with red plants shape must lead to an aetiological diagnosis of the possibility of transcutaneous intoxication even if the product seems as harmless as talcum powder. PMID- 6517447 TI - [An unusual form of neoplastic lymphangitis in an irradiated field]. AB - The authors describe an exceptional form of neoplastic lymphangitis occurring in old people some years after surgery and irradiation of a cancer (parotid, breast), the special character of which is that it draws exactly the fields of irradiation. This lymphangitis is at first smooth and later covered with neoplastic nodes which join together. Evolution is in any case the death after some weeks or months. Different pathogenetic hypotheses are discussed, involving the mechanisms of biology of cancer and radiations. PMID- 6517448 TI - [Contact dermatitis from hexamidine]. AB - Twenty patients with contact dermatitis to hexamidine, a commonly used antiseptic solution are reported. They have been collected during a 7 months period, thus suggesting that this contact allergy is not infrequent. Hydroalcoholic solution applied on epidermless skin is most frequently responsible for the contact dermatitis. Clinical features are very peculiar with papular semi-spheric and papulo-vesicular lesions being more frequently seen than classical vesicular eczema lesions. Due to this peculiar aspect, contact dermatitis to hexamidine is frequently misdiagnosed. The delay between onset and diagnosis has been sometimes longer than one year. It is four months as a mean. Pathologic aspect of these lesions is unusual too: dermal vasculitis either lymphocytic or with pycnotic polymorphonuclear is the most frequent aspect (14 out of 23 histological sections). Epidermal spongiosis is infrequent (5 cases). Contact dermatitis has usually a long standing evolution despite removal of the allergen and topical cortico-steroid treatment. Patch-test to hexamidine are frequently followed by a worsening of cutaneous lesions. One case of anaphylaxis following patch-testing has been reported. Clinical and pathological features of this contact dermatitis, suggests that humoral immune mechanisms play a key-role in its pathogenesis. PMID- 6517449 TI - [Besnier-Boeck-Schaumann disease: multiple sarcoids on areas exposed to light]. PMID- 6517451 TI - [Palpebral signs of hypothyroidism]. PMID- 6517450 TI - [Essential hypereosinophilic syndrome disclosed by leg ulcer]. PMID- 6517452 TI - [Photo-oncotherapy: an alternative for the treatment of superficial cutaneous cancers]. PMID- 6517453 TI - [Origin of the Merkel cell]. PMID- 6517454 TI - [Natural history of congenital toxoplasmosis]. PMID- 6517455 TI - [Congenital toxoplasmosis. Prospective study of the outcome of pregnancy in 542 women with toxoplasmosis acquired during pregnancy]. PMID- 6517456 TI - [Assessment of an epidemiologic survey of maternal toxoplasmosis]. PMID- 6517457 TI - [A homogeneous series of 210 cases of congenital toxoplasmosis in 0 to 11-month old infants detected prospectively]. PMID- 6517458 TI - [Contribution of health check-ups in children to the detection and epidemiologic study of congenital toxoplasmosis]. PMID- 6517459 TI - [Increased local production of specific G immunoglobulins in the cerebrospinal fluid in congenital toxoplasmosis]. PMID- 6517460 TI - [Experimental toxoplasmosis in mice. Comparative activity of clindamycin, midecamycin, josamycin, spiramycin, pyrimethamine-sulfadoxine, and trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole]. PMID- 6517461 TI - [The kidney and toxoplasmosis]. PMID- 6517462 TI - [Ocular prognosis in congenital toxoplasmosis: the role of treatment. Preliminary communication]. PMID- 6517463 TI - [Atriopulmonary derivation]. PMID- 6517464 TI - Central consequences of peripheral nerve injuries. AB - Experiments in primates suggest that the skin senses are served by distinct classes of sensory receptors that relay their messages to the cortex on separate and parallel paths. When a peripheral nerve is transected and repaired, each sensory receptor that becomes reinnervated is innervated by a member of the class of axons that originally served that receptor. This specificity of reconnection allows the appropriate classes of sensations to be transmitted again from the skin to the cortex. However, sensory experiences are not completely normal because the regenerated axons have lost their previous spatial relationships and convey a spatially disordered message. Recent experiments suggest that the maps in the somatosensory cortex can respond to alterations of the somatosensory input in a manner that may compensate for some of the deficits produced by nerve injuries. There are, however, severe constraints on this reorganization, including restrictions to a cytoarchitectonic area, restrictions by certain boundaries within the somatotopic maps, and a requirement that a minimal topological order exist in the regenerated peripheral nerve. PMID- 6517465 TI - Rhinoplasty: a graded aesthetic-anatomical approach. AB - The fundamental rhinoplasty principles established by Joseph and the aesthetic canons of Sheen can be reconciled by selecting the optimal surgical technique based on in-depth anatomical knowledge. Since neither the perfect nose nor the perfect rhinoplasty operation exists, the goal remains to choose those procedures best suited for the individual patient. The greater the surgeon's commitment and repertoire, the higher the chances of success. PMID- 6517466 TI - Epignathus: a report of two cases. AB - Two cases of epignathus are presented. The classification and clinical and radiological diagnoses are reviewed. Epignathi are rare embryological tumors, but with better preoperative assessment and awareness, safe surgical excision can be carried out. A careful long-term follow-up with regular examinations is essential to detect any residual lesions or extensions of the original embryological malformation. PMID- 6517467 TI - Intermaxillary fixation. PMID- 6517468 TI - [Site of embolization in the treatment of essential epistaxis]. PMID- 6517469 TI - [Hajdu-Cheney acro-osteolysis and calcified aneurysm of patent ductus arteriosus]. PMID- 6517470 TI - [Osteoperiostitis of yaws. Review apropos of a case]. PMID- 6517471 TI - [A case of intraperitoneal hydatidosis diagnosed by computed tomography]. PMID- 6517472 TI - [Measurement of the lateral ventricles by cerebral echography in the newborn infant]. PMID- 6517473 TI - Enzyme and bilirubin reactions in bovine babesiosis. AB - Four white Fulani calves were splenectomized and experimentally infected with Babesia bigemina by allowing about 2000 freshly hatched infective larvae of Boophilus decoloratus to feed on them. Blood samples were collected to determine serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase, serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase, alkaline phosphatase and bilirubin levels. A significant rise in the level of alkaline phosphatase for up to two weeks was observed. There were also increases in the serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase and serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase levels although the level fell after about three weeks. A high increase in the total and unconjugated bilirubin was also observed. There appeared to be no significant increase in these enzymes and in bilirubin in intact cattle on which infected larvae fed and in splenectomised cattle without. PMID- 6517475 TI - [Experimental bovine rabies: susceptibility, symptoms, humoral immunologic reactions, lesions and virus excretion]. AB - In France, rabies in cattle is transmitted by a bite of a rabid fox. This disease represents a threat for public health. Few written observations concerning bovine rabies have been made. This report describes a model of experimental bovine rabies, necessary for further studies. Consequently, sixteen cattle were inoculated with a street rabies virus suspension into each masseter muscle: ten were challenged with 5 X 10(5) MICLD50, three with 5 X 10(4) MICLD50 and three with 5 X 10(3) MICLD50. The incubation periods, symptomatology, temperature changes, serum neutralizing antibody titers, lesions, excretion and strengths of virus in various tissues were described. Anorexia and adipsia, excessive salivation and characteristic lowings were recognized in more than half of the fifteen rabid cattle. None or few serum neutralizing antibody titers were found. The lesions were not typical. The laboratory diagnosis was difficult when the morbidity period was short. The virus was isolated from salivary mandibular glands of twelve animals and from the saliva of six animals. The animals which had the longest morbidity period were those which had the highest strength of virus in their salivary mandibular glands and in their Ammon's horn. PMID- 6517474 TI - [Physiopathology of ovine ostertagiasis. Effects of experimental infection by Ostertagia circumscripta on various parameters as indicators of abomasum function]. AB - The measurement of the pH and Na+, K+, Ca++ and Cl- concentrations of the stomach or the abomasal contents allow the functioning statement of these organs to be determined. In the present work, these parameters were measured, at 2 day intervals, in six lambs fitted with permanent abomasal cannulae and experimentally infected with 150 000 O. circumcincta infective larvae. Infection was followed by a significant (P less than 0.01) increase in pH and Na+ and Ca++ concentrations, and a significant (P less than 0.01) decrease in K+ and Cl- concentrations of the abomasal contents. The disorders start when the 4th stage larvae begin to emerge from the mucosae (from the 4th to the 12th day infection) and become more marked between the 16th and the 32nd day; this means when the egg output starts and becomes marked. The disturbances noted in the present work suggest: 1) a defective working of HCl production mechanism; 2) an intraluminal diffusion of the interstitial liquid; 3) a stimulation of pepsin production. These disorders would have consequences on the functioning of the other parts of the digestive tract. PMID- 6517476 TI - Haemodynamic alterations during electroanaesthesia in young buffaloes. Comparative study of electric wave forms. AB - Sine, triangular and square wave alternating currents were used to anaesthetize young buffalo calves. Central venous pressure, systolic and diastolic blood pressure and circulatory rate were monitored before, during and after application of currents. The square and triangular wave current produced a significant (P less than 0.01) increase in central venous pressure, mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure during electroanaesthesia. The sine wave seemed to produce these changes to a lesser degree than the other wave forms. From the results of objective evaluation of the effects produced on these physiological values, the sine wave would be preferred to the other two wave forms for producing anaesthesia in buffaloes. PMID- 6517477 TI - [Experimental paratuberculosis: pathogenicity of mycobactin-dependent mycobacteria strains to calves]. AB - The pathogenicity for calves of two strains of wood-pigeon mycobacteria isolated in our laboratory, one strain isolated in the United Kingdom, one strain isolated from a Roe-deer in Denmark and three strains of M. paratuberculosis, were compared. Seven groups of four 3 to 4 week-old calves were infected by the intravenous route using 10(6) to 10(9) viable units. They were slaughtered one year after the exposure or earlier if their state required it. The macroscopic and microscopic lesions and cultures from the mesenteric lymph nodes, ileon and caecum were studied. At necropsy, the post-mortem findings were hardly significant. However, the histopathological studies showed lesions identical to the classical aspects of paratuberculosis in cattle, both in animals inoculated with M. paratuberculosis and those inoculated with wood-pigeon mycobacteria. The isolation of the bacteria showed that all animals were infected. The experimental infection was able to reproduce a disease resembling paratuberculosis with M. paratuberculosis (except the strain 2103) and with wood-pigeon mycobacteria, but it has not been able to distinguish the disease caused by M. paratuberculosis from the one caused by wood-pigeon mycobacteria. PMID- 6517478 TI - [Trial, in a contaminated environment, of an attenuated lyophilized vaccine against S. abortus ovis abortion in sheep]. AB - Merinos ewe-lambs from Arles formed part of a transhumant flock in which S. abortus ovis infection was enzootic. A lyophilized living vaccine was prepared from an attenuated mutant strain of Salmonella abortus ovis. About one third out of 450 ewe-lambs of the same flock received one subcutaneous injection of vaccine 1 to 3 months before fecundation; the other ewe-lambs were used as controls. No modification of behaviour was observed after vaccination. Three months later, serological post-vaccinal "H" agglutinins tested by a microtechnique could still be detected. According to observations during the lambing period, 25 (18.8%) out of the 133 vaccinated ewes and 55 (20.2%) out of the 272 controls were non pregnant, 6 (4.5%) and 33 (12.9%) of each group lambed abnormally (P less than 0.02), and respectively 4 and 15 ewes excreted wild strains of S. abortus ovis. These results suggested the favourable effect of vaccination in an abortive environment caused by S. abortus ovis. PMID- 6517479 TI - Studies of serum-transferrin and some hematologic parameters in vitamin E and selenium deficient pigs. AB - Sows of Swedish Landrace x Yorkshire breed were fed a diet extremely deficient in vitamin E, selenium (VESD) during the last six weeks of pregnancy and compared to sows of the same breed and age fed a normal commercial diet. The transferrin concentration in serum and different hematological parameters were estimated at regular intervals in the sows before and after partus and in their piglets at birth and during the first four weeks of life. The transferrin concentration in the serum of piglets from sows fed the VESD diet did not differ from the corresponding values in normal pigs whereas the VESD piglets showed significantly lower hemoglobin values at birth and higher MCV values during the first three weeks of life than the normal piglets. A disturbance of the erythropoesis in these piglets due to vitamin E/selenium deficiency is discussed. PMID- 6517480 TI - [Biological control of the brucellin INRA in sensitized guinea pigs: a guide for the statistical analysis of results]. AB - Brucellin INRA is a new allergen used for the screening of brucellosis. It shows, by a delayed-type skin hypersensitivity reaction, the sensitization induced in animals by a brucella infection. The biological potency of each batch must be compared to that of a standard allergen. The use of guinea-pigs necessary for this quality control and the statistical analysis of the results are described and discussed. The aim of this paper is to provide the end-user with a simple and accurate method, and to alert him to the difficulties and limits of such a test. PMID- 6517481 TI - [Effect of illumination of the chick embryo on hatchability, length of incubation and hematopoiesis]. AB - In the incubator, illumination had no effect on the hatchability but it reduced the length of incubation. In the hatchery, it had no effect. Erythropoiesis and lymphopoiesis were stimulated by continuous illumination but the enhancement of the total number of erythrocytes was due to the enhancement of embryonic ones. Thermic stress during the incubation period induced an early appearance of blood leucocytes. PMID- 6517482 TI - [Changes in plasma parameters in rabbit does as a function of their physiological state and feed rationing]. AB - We followed the evolution of hematocrit and of plasma Na, K, Cl, total protein, creatinine, Pi, alkaline phosphatases, triglycerides, cholesterol, glucose and GPT. The amount of feed given to the rabbit does was restricted to 75 percent of the quantity eaten ad libitum, in similar conditions to those of intensive breeding. This had a slight effect on the values obtained for plasmatic components in healthy rabbits. This was not dependent on the timing of blood collection, nor on the physiological state of the animal. The changes in biochemical composition of the plasma due to pregnancy in healthy rabbit does are: a fall in total plasma protein and cholesterol levels, alkaline phosphatases activity, hematocrit, and a rise followed by a marked fall in plasma triglycerides level. During lactation, these levels return progressively to the values obtained in non-pregnant, non-lactating rabbits. PMID- 6517483 TI - Plasma digoxin: an over-used test? PMID- 6517484 TI - Immunofixation and immunosubtraction on agarose gel: an aid in the typing of monoclonal gammopathies. AB - A simple immunosubtraction technique and its application to a standard immunofixation procedure is described. Examples are presented where monoclonal immunoglobulin bands were successfully classified using immunosubtraction after other techniques had failed. PMID- 6517485 TI - The microheterogeneity of human liver and serum ferritins measured on minute amounts of ferritin in crude samples. AB - A method is presented to measure the microheterogeneity of ferritin in micrograms amounts, without purifying the samples extensively. Ferritin-containing samples such as serum and homogenized liver-biopsy specimens were mixed with Sephadex G 75 and ampholines. Isoelectric focussing was performed and the pH gradient in the Sephadex was measured. The Sephadex was divided into predetermined pH ranges and the ferritin eluted from these fractions. Ferritin concentration was measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The method proved to be reproducible. The isoferritin profiles of different human serum and liver tissue samples were quite variable. In most cases serum ferritins focussed between approximately pH 5.5 and pH 4.9 and liver ferritins between approximately pH 5.8 and pH 5.3. We examined whether there was a similarity in the isoferritin patterns of serum and liver of distinct patients. We also studied liver tissue and serum from a patient with haemochromatosis and from a child with iron overload of unknown origin. In the serum of our patients the isoferritin pattern had shifted to lower pI when compared with that found in liver tissue. Only in the case of a patient with transfusion iron overload were basic isoferritins measured in the serum. In this case no liver biopsy specimen was available for comparison. PMID- 6517486 TI - Colorimetric measurement of glycosylated protein in whole blood, red blood cells, plasma and dried blood. AB - A colorimetric method for the measurement of whole-blood glycosylation (WBG), glycosylated haemoglobin in red blood cells (GHb), glycosylated plasma protein (GPP) and dried-blood glycosylation (DBG) is described which is rapid, inexpensive and precise. GHb correlated well with HbA1 measured by cation exchange chromatography and was also correlated with WBG, DBG and GPP. DBG, which showed good correlation with GHb, could be measured on several drops of blood dried on filter paper treated with glucose oxidase. Filter papers are posted to the laboratory prior to clinic visits, and by having the DBG result available more rational diabetic management is possible. For DBG, the intra- and inter assay coefficient of variation at three levels is less than 6%. Reference values in non-diabetic children have been calculated and are compared with values obtained in 'good' clinical diabetic control and in 'fair' control. The filter paper assay DBG method has a high degree of patient acceptance. PMID- 6517487 TI - Plasma levels of vitamin C components in normal and diabetic subjects. AB - Recent reports of high dehydroascorbic acid levels in Asian subjects suffering from diabetes mellitus have led us to examine plasma dehydroascorbic acid levels in diabetic and non-diabetic Europeans. We can find no evidence that diabetic patients have higher plasma dehydroascorbic acid levels than nondiabetics, and consider some possible reasons for the discrepancy between this finding and those of earlier reports. PMID- 6517488 TI - External quality assessment of quantitative urinary analysis. AB - An external quality-assessment scheme was initiated among a group of 13 clinical chemistry laboratories for the urinary analysis of calcium, chloride, creatinine, glucose, osmolality, phosphate, potassium, protein, sodium, urate and urea and also for the estimation of creatinine clearance. The greatest inter-laboratory imprecision occurred in the assay of urinary protein. The results of the survey are compared with similar schemes elsewhere and their significance discussed. PMID- 6517489 TI - An inter-laboratory quality-assurance survey of emergency clinical biochemistry tests. AB - One hundred and thirteen Australian laboratories participated in a state-of-the art quality-assurance survey of emergency clinical biochemistry tests. Two liquid reconstituted lyophilised human-based serum samples, which had previously been analysed in the national general serum chemistry programme, were sent by air cargo, together with their own previously completed request forms, for analysis as emergency tests on a previously nominated date. The standard of performance of ten of the eleven most commonly performed tests was inferior to that obtained on a routine basis, as judged by the number of results outside present limits of total laboratory error from target values which had been previously set by reference laboratories. The standard of analytical performance achieved for emergency tests can and should be improved. PMID- 6517490 TI - The evaluation of imprecision in collaborative immunoassay quality-assessment programmes. AB - The calculation of within-laboratory imprecision in quality-assessment (QA) programmes normally involves combining data from different analyte concentrations to calculate an average standard deviation (SD) or coefficient of variation. However, for immunoassay neither of these parameters is concentration independent. This paper describes a method of calculating within-laboratory imprecision in QA programmes by assuming a linear relationship between SD and analyte concentration. This method is used in programmes conducted by the Australian Joint Working Party for Quality Control in Immunoassay to calculate imprecision at the limits of the reference range. Results from these programmes show that this method better represents the differences in imprecision between analytes, methods and laboratories than the calculation of a single imprecision parameter. The method is trivial for a computer and its robustness has been validated by Monte Carlo simulation. It is suggested that major differences in laboratory performance between different QA programmes may be due to inappropriate calculation of single imprecision parameters. PMID- 6517491 TI - Evaluation of the enzymatic assay of serum uric acid with 2,2'-azino-di(3 ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonate) (ABTS) as chromogen. AB - A spectrophotometric method for the determination of serum uric acid based on the oxidation of 2,2'-azino-di(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonate) by use of uricase and peroxidase has already been reported. The method is very precise (CV less than 4.7%). The standard curve is linear up to 4640 mumol/L. Comparison with other enzymatic methods gave good correlation. The method gave results 9% lower than the phosphotungstate method. The effects of bilirubin, haemoglobin, glucose, ascorbic acid, anticoagulants and purine compounds were studied. The reference values for this method are 140.8-407.8 mumol/L for female subjects and 145.6 514.7 mumol/L for male subjects. PMID- 6517492 TI - Fluorometric assay of human serum carnosinase activity in normal children, adults and patients with myopathy. AB - A sensitive, accurate method has been established for the assay of serum carnosinase by measuring the fluorescence emitted from the L-histidine liberated on treatment with o-phthaldialdehyde. Using this method the serum values for normal adults, infants and children were measured. The mean value was very low in infants of less than 1 year old but increased with age, being almost the same in children aged 6 years or more as in adults. In adult men, the mean activity was 1.85 mumol/mL/h and in adult women it was 2.07 mumol/mL/h. Low activity was observed in patients with muscular dystrophy. PMID- 6517493 TI - A simple method for the measurement of arginine in serum. AB - A simple method for the direct measurement of arginine in 40 microL of serum is described. The technique is rapid (22 samples within 10 minutes), inexpensive (reagent cost: pounds 0.03 per test), accurate and relatively precise. The limit of detection is 1 mmol/L: it is therefore not suitable for normal basal arginine concentrations, but can be used when arginine concentrations are known to be raised. PMID- 6517494 TI - A phenytoin assay using dried blood spot samples suitable for domiciliary therapeutic drug monitoring. AB - A commercially available substrate-labelled fluorescent immunoassay procedure has been modified to create a simple rapid method for the determination of capillary phenytoin concentration in dried filter paper blood spots of patients on phenytoin therapy. The specimens are collected and dispatched to the laboratory by the patient, thus domiciliary monitoring of phenytoin therapy can take place. The technique was validated by comparing the phenytoin results of simultaneously collected capillary dried blood spots and conventional plasma samples. The technique offers a convenient method for overcoming many of the practical problems of monitoring phenytoin therapy in epilepsy. PMID- 6517495 TI - Serum theophylline by fluorescence polarisation immunoassay. AB - The Abbott TDX system utilises the principles of fluorescence polarisation and competitive binding analysis for the quantitation of drug levels in plasma. The system proved easy to use, and produced reliable results rapidly. The high cost of reagents is balanced by the fact that the reagents are stable and therefore the assays can be calibrated infrequently. PMID- 6517496 TI - Aspirin metabolites causing misinterpretation of paracetamol results. AB - The inadequacy of single, simple arithmetic corrections for salicylate interference in the widely employed Glynn and Kendal technique for plasma paracetamol assay is highlighted by reference to an actual case of combined salicylate/paracetamol intoxication in an infant. Attention is drawn for the first time to the not insubstantial contribution to such interference made by even the minor metabolites of salicylate. The conclusion is reached that is necessary, particularly in the assessment of paracetamol toxicity, to determine the presence of salicylate, and when present, to employ a specific method for the estimation of paracetamol. PMID- 6517497 TI - The Klippel-Feil syndrome associated with rectovestibular fistula. AB - This is a case report of the unusual condition of Klippel-Feil Syndrome. Association with rectovestibular fistula has yet to be described. The rare association with bilateral sixth nerve palsy and renal agenesis is also present. The literature is reviewed with regards to the relevant anomalies as well as the etiology. PMID- 6517498 TI - Multiple cavitating pulmonary metastases. AB - Cavitation in pulmonary metastases is unusual. We report a 78 year old lady with primary squamous cell lung cancer and multiple cavitating pulmonary metastases. PMID- 6517499 TI - The importance of autopsy examination in major disasters. AB - It is appreciated that there are national and jurisdictional variations in regard to post-mortem dissections following accidental death. The purpose of this paper is to plead that, since there will be nationals of many states involved in an aircraft disaster, there should be a uniform system of forensic investigation on a world wide basis. The justification for this recommendation is illustrated through the investigation of accident causes and through the solution of the many problems relating to the settlement of probate which arise in accidental death. The causes of accidents which may be discovered by autopsy include crew incapacitation and criminality of all types. The emergency status may also be revealed and the type of accident, particularly whether in a controlled or uncontrolled phase, may become clear. The medico-legal problems to be resolved include those concerning payment of insurance policies, including the degree of life expectancy, and especially the disposal of estates when members of a family apparently die together. The resulting payments to beneficiaries may be quite different depending on the quality of the autopsy. These investigations are complementary to, and do not interfere with, the identification process but they are time consuming and expensive. PMID- 6517500 TI - The coroner's role in mass disaster. AB - This paper deals with the various phases of a mass disaster investigation from the Coroner's point of view. The phases are described under the headings of: Phase 1: Recovery from the scene. Phase 2: Reception of the dead at the mortuary. Phase 3: Reception of relatives of the dead at the mortuary. Phase 4: Identification of the dead. Phase 5: Autopsy. Phase 6: Co-ordination and co operation with other agencies. The setting up of a Casualty Bureau and a suggested plan for a temporary central facility is also discussed. The vital importance of some pre-planning is referred to, including the involvement of fingerprint officers, forensic odontologists, photography, safe custody of property. PMID- 6517501 TI - How to identify the Yakuza, Japanese racketeers--their sociology, criminology and physical characteristics. AB - International crimes such as smuggling and business fraud are increasing. It is possible that members of the Yakuza (Japanese racketeers or gangsters) may be involved in these criminal activities. The Yakuza is one of the best organized criminal groups in the world. It assumes a family-like form with fictitious kinship ties while making a living through organized crime. The sociological and criminological background of the Yakuza and their physical characteristics namely tattooing, digital amputation, and penile spheres are described and discussed so that the Yakuza can be identified even by foreign forensic pathologists. PMID- 6517502 TI - Dental identification of unknown bodies. AB - Dental identification of unknown bodies is a well known and widely used method of identification and is especially valuable when other means of identification such as visual recognition and finger prints are not possible. Traditionally, dental identification essentially depends on a comparison of the dental restorations present in the teeth of the deceased with the dental records of a missing person. Difficulties are encountered in some cases when either or both of these elements are not sufficiently available to permit reliable identification. Serious damage to or complete destruction of restorations and disintegration of dental tissues as the result of extreme environmental changes, failure to recover all teeth and their included restorations, and incomplete dental records may frustrate the identification process. An ominous challenge to dental identification however, is the result of the dramatic improvement in dental health in many countries due to the implementation of public health measures such as fluoridation with a consequent reduction in dental caries and restorations. This paper offers some suggestions which may help to overcome some of these difficulties and explores some applications of new technology to the problems of dental identification in the future. PMID- 6517503 TI - Forensic aspects of terrorism. AB - Terrorist violence is criminal and requires an expert forensic investigation. However, it has little in common with assault and murder in domestic circumstances, the kind of violence experienced by most forensic practitioners. The terrorist activity in Northern Ireland has revealed the differences. Terrorist shootings involve high velocity and automatic weapons and also include cold-blooded executions. Terrorist explosions cause specific injuries which enable the events to be reconstructed. In both shooting and bombing, the investigators have to contend with rumours and allegations which inflame feelings in the locality. All these aspects are described and illustrated. Conclusions are reached that when terrorist violence erupts there must be a forensic service able to cope and that high standards of scientific investigation must always be maintained. PMID- 6517504 TI - Burnt wife syndrome. AB - While the system of offering dowry to the groom by the parents of the bride at the time of the marriage is an age old one amongst the Hindus of India; during the recent past this evil custom has resulted in a large number of newly wed young housewives being either killed or tortured to end their own lives by their husbands and in-laws, for the unfulfilled demands or desire for dowry from the parents or guardians of the bride. Indeed in India today, torture of the young housewives by their husbands and in-laws for failure to bring insufficient dowry has become the order of the day all over the country. Some of them are burnt to death and others choose to die by fire; while still others are put to death by some means other than fire and disposed of by burning in order to hide the heinous offence. Hardly a day passes in the life of a forensic pathologist working in one of the states of Northern India, when he is not called upon to do an autopsy on the dead body of a burnt housewife who almost invariably is a married Hindu woman in the prime of her youth, between 15-30 years of age. PMID- 6517505 TI - Needless deaths. AB - Over a period of 22 years, a number of needless deaths have been investigated in this institution following diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. These include fatalities associated with endoscopic examination and biopsies, complications in relation to indwelling tubes and radiological examinations. It is important that these catastrophies must be fully investigated. In this regard, it is essential to ensure that informed consent has been obtained, that an experienced independent pathologist conduct the investigations and that every effort must be made to get at the truth. PMID- 6517506 TI - Legal aspects of deaths associated with diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. AB - Informed voluntary consent in relation to the charge of assault and battery is examined. The full implication of informed consent is set out. The legal aspects of negligence is also examined in relation to obtaining consent and the possibility of a wrong diagnosis. Where reasonable doubt exist about the correctness of a diagnosis the position of a second opinion is discussed. Guidelines on the handling of errors in treatment and anaesthetic deaths in relation to negligence is clearly set out. PMID- 6517507 TI - On cross-examination of expert witnesses. AB - Cross-examination is a very powerful weapon in court trials. Its success is measured by the final effect on the problem of proof. It can elicit favourable facts to one's case and also show that the witness is not worthy of credence or that his evidence is unacceptable. However pointless and endless cross examination may prejudice the court against the case. A single question may make an opening for a flood of evidence. One unnecessary question may destroy a series of valuable answers and the whole case. There are occasions when silence is golden. A number of pertinent examples are cited to illustrate the values and pitfalls of cross-examination. PMID- 6517508 TI - Treatment and rehabilitation of drug addicts in Singapore 1977-1982. AB - In Singapore, the treatment and rehabilitation of drug addicts consist of detoxification, recuperation and orientation, indoctrination, physical training and work programme. This is followed by a Day Release Scheme to bridge the gap between the strict disciplinary regime and the free environment of the outside world. The addicts are given the opportunities to pursue academic studies. Two review committees monitor their progress. There has been a significant decrease in the total number of admission from 7084 in 1977 to 2043 in 1982. Over this period, there appears to be a drop in the number of youths recruited into drug abuse. At the same time, more and more of those who have been previously treated are coming into the drug scene. PMID- 6517509 TI - Novel methods for determining the vital reaction in injured skin. AB - The authors devised two new methods for determining the vital reaction of injured skin and tentatively termed them Method I and Method II. Method I is based on the determination of "fibrin-forming ability" of slices of injured skin in the presence of added fibrinogen. Method II is based on the measurement of the albumin content in the injured skin by rocket-immunoelectrophoresis. These methods have the following characteristics: Both are able to distinguish ante mortem from post-mortem wounds, even in fresh vital wounds. The fibrin-forming ability in vital wounds undergoes a post-mortem change, and this can be used to distinguish ante-from post-mortem wounds for 2 days after death. On the other hand, the albumin content of wounds is virtually unchanged post-mortem until one week after death. Method II is therefore applicable even to slightly decomposed materials one week after death. It is not recommended that this method be used for the wound in the post-mortem hypostatic area. Regarding the technique, both methods are relatively easy. Both methods are able to estimate the wound age until about 2 days after injury (during wound healing). A more reliable estimate of wound age is possible by using Method I together with Method II. PMID- 6517510 TI - A failure to communicate: the need for standardization of procedures for the exchange of identification information of crime and mass disaster victims. AB - A case is presented illustrating some of the difficulties presently encountered by Medical Examiners and law enforcement agencies in obtaining information necessary for the identification of foreign-born homicide victims. In 1982, the semiskeletonized remains of a 30 year old female citizen of the People's Republic of China were discovered in a vacant lot of a Chicago suburb. The victim had been reported missing four months previously. Although dental restorations were present, most of the work had been done several years prior to her coming to the United States. Attempts to obtain these records through diplomatic channels were unsuccessful due largely to the inexperience of both the U.S. and P.R.C. agencies involved in handling such requests. Although positive identification was eventually established by other means, the abortive attempt to obtain dental records resulted both in delay of the homicide investigation and in undue stress on the victim's family. This case demonstrates the need for the development of more rapid and effective exchange of identification information on victims of crime and mass disaster by a system analogous to that presently used to exchange information on criminals on an international scale. PMID- 6517511 TI - Reference values for 24 biochemical constituents of children in Singapore. AB - Reference values are essential for interpretation of biochemical data on patients. Due to various problems, such values could not be obtained for the local paediatric population. This study was carried out to establish reference values for 24 biochemical constituents using blood specimens obtained from 352 Singapore children who were assessed to be free from any disease that may affect the values. For a number of biochemical constituents, reference values were also calculated for the different age groups. These values are compared with the local adult values established by the same methods. PMID- 6517512 TI - Road traffic accident casualties in Singapore (with special reference to drivers and front seat passengers). AB - In 1981, there were 43,142 road traffic accidents in Singapore resulting in 12,755 casualties with 273 deaths. The fatality rate is calculated at 6.79 per 10,000 vehicles, a figure that is high when compared with developed countries but low in comparison within the surrounding region. Various measures have been taken by the Government to lower this figure; by education, legislation, persuasion and law enforcement. The latest legislation is the seat belt law. The result of a survey on the effect of this has shown an appreciable reduction in injuries sustained. PMID- 6517513 TI - Myelodysplastic syndromes: an analysis of clinical and haematological features. AB - A retrospective analysis of 24 cases of myelodysplastic syndromes was performed between 1979-1984. There were 16 men and 8 women with a mean age of 69 years and 65 years respectively. The most common haematological features at initial presentation were refractory macrocytic anaemia, reticulocytopenia and associated with either bicytopenia or pancytopenia. The bone marrow was often cellular with megaloblastoid erythropoiesis and in 7 patients (29%), there were ring sideroblasts. Often there was associated dysgranulopoiesis and dysthrombopoiesis Myelodysplastic syndromes appear morphologically to be a heterogenous entity. An attempt to classify them according to the recent proposal of the French-American British (FAB) Co-operative Group was made. Transformation into acute non lymphocytic leukaemia occurred in 6 patients (25%). The mean interval between diagnosis and transformation to acute leukaemia was 13 months (range 3-30 months). Acute leukaemia in these patients were refractory to conventional chemotherapy. There were 14 deaths (58%) observed during the period and the common causes of deaths were acute leukaemia, infections and haemorrhage. At present there is no specific or generally effective therapy for this haematologic entity. PMID- 6517514 TI - Iron overload in thalassaemic patients in Hong Kong. AB - Body iron status, as measured by serum ferritin, was studied in 101 adult Chinese thalassaemic patients, 46 males and 55 females. Thirty of them had mild disease (beta thalassaemia trait), 56 disease of intermediate severity (haemoglobin H disease) and 15 severe disease (homozygous beta thalassaemia, Hb E-beta thalassaemia and delta beta-beta thalassaemia). The extent of iron overload correlated with the severity of disease. In severe thalassaemia, iron overload occurred early in life and was independent of multiple transfusions. While significant impairment of left ventricular function was present in only one of six patients studied, evidence of decreased pituitary (especially gonadotrophic) function was observed in six out of seven. Hypocalcaemia, probably due to hypoparathyroidism, was seen in one. PMID- 6517515 TI - Serum transferrin concentrations and total iron-binding capacities in relation to different haemoglobin phenotypes. AB - Serum transferrin concentrations and total iron-binding capacities were measured in 184 adult male subjects using standard biochemical methods. The haemoglobin phenotypes of these subjects were also established. Decreases in both of these parameters were observed when HbAE, beta-thalassaemia trait (raised level of HbA2), and HbEE subjects were compared to HbA subjects. Though the decrease was slight in the cases of HbAE and beta-thalassaemia trait, HbEE subjects had significantly reduced values. Both the parameters were also significantly reduced when values from HbEE subjects were compared to those from HbAE and beta thalassaemia trait. It is suggested that marginal liver damage is present in subjects with homozygous HbE, leading to a reduction in transferrin production. PMID- 6517516 TI - Distribution of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase phenotypes in five East Asian population groups. AB - 1205 adult males comprising 287 Chinese from Singapore, 448 Thais, 123 Filipinos, 140 Koreans and 207 Taiwanese were investigated for the phenotypic distribution of red cell G6PD by starch-gel electrophoresis. The incidence of the deficient alleles (GdB- and Gd-) was found to be as follows: Chinese - 8%, Thais - 6.7%, Filipinos - 13%, Koreans - 3.5%, and Taiwanese - 11.6%. Low frequency of fast variant of Gd with normal activity was observed in Filipinos (0.8%), Koreans (2.1%) and Taiwanese (0.5%). Two slow variants of Gd alleles with normal activity were detected. The one with 95% mobility was present in Chinese (2.1%), Thais (1.6%), Filipinos (0.8%), Koreans (1.4%) and Taiwanese (1.0%), while the other slower variant was encountered only in Chinese (1.0%) and Thais (0.2%). One instance of Gd B with about 150% enzyme activity was detected in a Thai. Partially deficient fast variant of G6PD was observed in one Thai and one Filipino. PMID- 6517517 TI - Distribution of haptoglobins in different dialect groups of Chinese, Malays and Indians in Singapore. AB - A total of 870 subjects comprising 524 Chinese (from different dialect groups), 231 Malays and 115 Tamil Indians were investigated for the distribution of haptoglobin types and ABO blood groups. Haptoglobins were typed by PAG electrophoresis using discontinuous buffer system. The frequencies of Hp,1 Hp2 and Hp0 were found to be 0.330, 0.670 and 0.029 in Chinese; 0.298, 0.702 and 0.004 in Malays; and 0.167, 0.833 and 0.009 in Indians. The Hainanese had the highest frequency of Hp1 (0.375) followed by Cantonese (0.348), Teochew (0.333) and Hakkas (0.288). The distribution of all the phenotypes of haptoglobin was at equilibrium in all the population groups studied. No association of ABO blood groups was detected with the haptoglobin types. However, there was an excess of AB blood group in persons carrying Hp2 compared with those with Hp1. PMID- 6517518 TI - Blood donor motivation in Singapore. AB - 75 first time donors were interviewed in detail at their first presentation at the Singapore Blood Transfusion Service. In addition they were asked to complete forms which elicited the motivating factors behind donating blood as well as the Crown Crisp Experiential Index. The results of this study show that the main motivating factor in these donors was that of an altruistic and humanitarian desire to help people. A high proportion (2/3) had some previous personal or familial contacts with the blood service. It also reports these donors as being more social and emotional people. These findings correlate with other studies and have implications for setting up blood donor recruitment programmes. PMID- 6517519 TI - Normal standards of in vitro induced platelet aggregation. AB - Measurement of in vitro induced platelet aggregation by turbidimetric method is a very important investigative tool when patients are evaluated for bleeding diasthesis due to possible underlying platelet functional disorders. As commercial controls are not available, it is important that each laboratory establishes its own normal pattern of platelet aggregation induced by standard aggregating agents. The aggregation curves in terms of maximal % aggregation, Vmax and lag time in 50 normal Chinese controls are reported. The final concentrations of the aggregating agents used, namely adenosine diphosphate, adrenaline, collagen and ristocetin, are 20 microM, 10 microM, 0.2 mg/ml and 1.0 mg/ml, respectively. 20% of the controls had either no aggregation or only primary aggregation with adrenaline. Lag time by collagen-induced aggregation is significantly longer, but other parameters of platelet aggregation by adenosine diphosphate, adrenaline and collagen in Chinese are comparable to one reported control study. The maximal % aggregation induced by ristocetin in Chinese does not differ significantly from the reported values in whites but is significantly higher than in Blacks at a concentration of 1.0 mg/ml. Interpretation of platelet aggregometry in patients with bleeding tendency should be based on the normal patterns established from a group of normal controls in each laboratory rather than by comparison with a single control alone. PMID- 6517520 TI - Iron status in blood donors. AB - The iron status of 592 blood donors was analysed. The reduction in iron stores was related to the frequency rather than the total number of donations. 8% had reduced iron stores but this was not related to blood donation, iron supplementation and sex of the donors. Serum ferritin rather than haemoglobin, serum iron and transferrin saturation is the most reliable indication of iron status of blood donors. Iron supplementation did not confer any benefits. PMID- 6517521 TI - An analysis of blood usage in elective surgery. AB - Pre-operative blood requests are often greatly in excess of the number of units of blood actually transfused during elective surgical procedures. Such practices are costly in terms of laboratory manpower and leads to unnecessary wastage of blood due to outdating. Developing guidelines for the number of blood units to cross-match preoperatively for surgical procedures optimises the use of blood. This study reports on blood ordering patterns and offers guidelines on the maximum number of units of blood to order for some of the commoner surgical procedures. The use of a Type and Screen procedure is recommended for those operations where blood is regularly ordered but rarely used. Operative procedures listed under the Surgical Tables 1 and 2 and the Minor Surgical Procedure Table, Ministry of Health, Singapore, fall into this group. PMID- 6517522 TI - Plasma exchange in the management of acute polyradiculopathy and myasthenic crisis (plasma exchange in neurological disorders). AB - Six patients with acute severe neurological illnesses were managed by plasma exchange on the basis that their diseases were triggered by immune mechanisms. These included one case of acute post-infectious encephalomyeloradiculopathy, two cases of Guillain Barre Syndrome or acute polyradiculoneuropathy and three patients in myasthenic crisis. There were no convincing responses in the patients with Guillain Barre Syndrome. All three myasthenic patients showed improvement that was sufficiently dramatic to warrant continued use of this therapeutic procedure. Based on our experience and reports by others it is felt that in acute polyradiculoneuropathy plasmapheresis would be beneficial only if the disease is predictably deteriorating and should be done within the first few days. In myasthenic crises its role is more definite and it shortens significantly the duration of assisted ventilation and the length of severe relapse. The procedure also gives the physician sufficient time to effectively immunosuppress the patients. PMID- 6517523 TI - Cardiopulmonary resuscitation at the Singapore General Hospital. AB - Effective use of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) saves lives both in and out of hospitals. Yet, in Singapore, this practical skill is rarely taught even within the medical community. Observations from a CPR pilot training programme at the Singapore General Hospital expose this glaring deficiency in our health system. Urgent remedial measures are needed. PMID- 6517524 TI - Infective endocarditis in Singapore: a six year survey. AB - Much has been written about the changing clinical spectrum of infective endocarditis. However our survey shows that the classical text book descriptions still hold good. The majority of our patients were young with 79% either 30 years or below. Fever was present in 93%, splenomegaly in 50% and cerebral embolism in 43% of our patients. Twelve patients had valvular heart disease and 2 patients had a ventricular septal defect. Eleven out of 14 patients had a positive blood culture. Echocardiography detected definite or probable vegetations in 66% of the examinations. Five patients responded satisfactorily to antibiotic therapy, 2 patients discharged themselves from hospital against medical advice, and 4 patients underwent successful cardiac surgery. Three patients died during medical therapy. PMID- 6517525 TI - Oro-facial manifestation of hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia--case report. AB - A case report of Hypohidrotic Ectodermal Dysplasia is presented. The oro-facial features are described together with the dental management of the condition. Children who have this condition should be treated early for their prosthodontic needs to aid mastication and appearance. Continued review and replacement of dentures provided should be instituted for the growing child. PMID- 6517526 TI - Effects of several alimentary fats on serum lipids during long-term stabilized diets. AB - The intake of a stable diet during 25 months by 68 women living in a closed religious community allowed us to study the effects of various alimentary fats on the serum lipids. Thus we could observe the consequences of the quantitatively and qualitatively different fatty acids in the diet, while the total quantity of lipids and the other constituents of the dietary intake were unaltered. The serum total cholesterol and apoprotein B levels are correlated with the P/S ratio of the diet; on the contrary, the serum HDL cholesterol and apoprotein A levels are not correlated with the fatty acid composition of the diet. The moderate supply in lipids (30% of the total caloric intake) and cholesterol (300 mg/day) maintained during this study corresponds to the usual dietary recommendations. Therefore, not very high levels of serum total cholesterol were observed, whichever vegetable oil was consumed. PMID- 6517527 TI - Postnatal development of the sterol and nonsterol mevalonate metabolism in chick liver and kidneys. Effect of cholesterol feeding. AB - The effect of 2% cholesterol feeding on changes throughout postnatal development of total, free, and esterified cholesterol in neonatal chick liver and kidneys was studied. The increase observed in the hepatic cholesterol content after supplementation of the diet with 2% cholesterol was mainly due to the accumulation of esterified cholesterol. Small but significant differences were also found in the esterified cholesterol content in kidneys between control and cholesterol-fed animals. In normally fed chicks, the hepatic percentage of squalene synthesized from mevalonate decreased during the first days of independent life while cholesterol percentage increased. On the contrary, the percentage of squalene recovered in kidneys immediately after hatching was minimal, increasing during postnatal development. Addition of 2% cholesterol to the diet produced a clear inhibition in the mevalonate incorporation into nonsaponifiable lipids by liver slices, especially from 4 days onwards. This inhibition was particularly clear in the percentage of cholesterol synthesized. Mevalonate incorporation by kidney slices was higher than in liver, although cholesterol supplementation had little influence on the percentage of each nonsaponifiable lipid formed. In normally fed chicks, kidneys metabolized mevalonate by the shunt pathway not leading to sterols at a rate more than 50 times that of liver. Cholesterol feeding produced a clear enhancement of the hepatic shunt pathway while in kidneys it had practically no effect. PMID- 6517529 TI - Carbohydrate sensitivity, triglycerides and uric acid. PMID- 6517528 TI - Pulmonary and hepatic fatty acid synthesis. III. Control of hexose monophosphate shunt pathway by 3,5,3'-L-triiodothyronine. AB - The hexose monophosphate shunt (HMPS) pathway activities were measured in lung and liver by estimating the relative conversion of [1-14C]-glucose and [6-14C] glucose into 14CO2 as well as by assaying the glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase activities. The HMPS activities were depressed in the livers of diabetic and hypophysectomized rats and enhanced by 3,5,3'-L-triiodothyronine (T3) or insulin. The hepatic HMPS activities were stimulated to supranormal levels when normal rats were injected with T3. T3 mediated stimulation of hepatic enzyme activities was dependent on the dose and duration of the hormonal treatment. Half-lives of T3-induced synthesis and degradation of glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase were 20 and 96 h, respectively, and of 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase were 19 and 90 h, respectively. Although HMPS activity was found in lung, the activities of the HMPS pathway dehydrogenase did not vary with the alteration of hormonal conditions, nor the activities were stimulated by the action of T3 or insulin. PMID- 6517530 TI - Clinical evaluation of response or escape to chemotherapy and of survival of patients with multiple myeloma. A prospective study of 202 patients (1975-1982). AB - Between 1975 and 1982, 202 previously untreated patients with multiple myeloma (MM) and clinical evidence of disease progression received intensive chemotherapy every 3-5 weeks to induce remission. Treatment regimen included intermittent courses of a combination of cycle non-specific drugs (melphalan, cyclophosphamide) plus vincristine and prednisone, with or without adriamycin. Several other drugs having some efficacy in MM were used in case of primary treatment failure or in relapse. The overall median survival was 29 months, with an eight-year actuarial death-rate (related to MM) equal to 75%. Forty percent of patients had disease progression and short survival (median = 9 months, early deaths included). Fifty percent had stable or regressive disease (greater than or equal to 50 less than 99% cell mass regression) and a dramatic improvement of survival (4 years survival rate = 50% vs 0% for refractory MM p less than 10(-9]. Ten percent achieved the best remission (i.e. disappearance of the monoclonal protein, defined as greater than 99% regression and 100% of greater than or equal to 1 year plateau) with the longest survival (4 years survival rate = 80% p less than 0.02). In patients achieving a greater than or equal to 75% regression and a 1 year plateau, the remission duration was not shortened in off-treatment patients. Three types of relapse were observed: "smoldering" (13%), "slow" (49%) and "fulminant" (38%); with a major influence on survival. PMID- 6517531 TI - Effects of local anesthetics on phorbol ester-induced ornithine decarboxylase activity in mouse and human skin. AB - In preparation for experiments to determine the effects of various orally administered compounds on human skin ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity, it was observed that intradermal lidocaine hydrochloride inhibited 12-0 tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced ODC. Topically applied ethyl chloride had variable and unpredictable effects on ODC induction. Adequate local anesthesia can be obtained by using intradermal 1.0% procaine hydrochloride or normal saline; neither of these agents inhibited TPA induction of epidermal ODC activity in incubated human skin punch biopsies. PMID- 6517532 TI - Steroid hormone receptors in dimethylhydrazine-induced rat colonic tumors. AB - The presence of steroid hormone receptors was investigated in rat colonic tumors, experimentally induced by 1,2-dimethylhydrazine, and in adjacent normal tissues. Estrogen, progesterone, glucocorticoid, and 5-alpha-dihydrotestosterone receptor levels were measured by the dextran charcoal competitive binding assay. Estrogen receptors were present in 25% of tumors, although not in adjacent normal tissue. Higher levels of glucocorticoid binding in tumor versus adjacent normal tissue were demonstrated in 5 out of 8 cases. Progesterone and 5-alpha dihydrotestosterone levels in tumor versus adjacent normal tissue were not significantly different. The results reflect the possible endocrine dependence of colonic tumors. PMID- 6517533 TI - Phase II trial of 10-deazaaminopterin for advanced hypernephroma. AB - 10-Deazaaminopterin, a derivative of aminopterin with enhanced cellular uptake relative to methotrexate, was given to fourteen patients with advanced measurable hypernephroma. The dose-limiting toxicity was mucositis. Abnormalities in liver function were seen in 8 patients. No responses were seen in 13 adequately treated patients including 10 who had received no prior chemotherapy. The unique transport of this new group of compounds is discussed. PMID- 6517535 TI - The antineoplastic activity of 4'-deoxydoxorubicin in murine solid tumors. AB - The antineoplastic effectiveness of 4'-Deoxydoxorubicin (DeDXR), a novel anthracycline with reduced cardiotoxicity, has been compared with that of Doxorubicin (DXR) in a panel of murine solid tumors of different histo-type, growth rate, and metastatic behaviour. Using doses of comparable toxicity and optimal treatment schedules, DeDXR was more active in the RC2 renal carcinoma, mFS6 fibrosarcoma, and Madison 109 carcinoma models, as judged by effects on primary and secondary tumor growth inhibition, increase in survival and/or proportion of tumor-free animals. In the M5076 reticulosarcoma DeDXR was equally effective with DXR, whereas the latter was more active on the PRSCT-5 prostate tumor. PMID- 6517534 TI - Phase I-II trial of a 5-day continuous infusion of vinblastine sulfate. AB - Vinblastine sulfate was administered to 28 patients as a continuous infusion for five consecutive days in doses of 0.75 to 2.0 mg/m2. Pharmacokinetic studies in 4 patients showed that plasma levels increased rapidly after beginning the infusion with a steady state occurring in 10-48 hours at 2 ng/ml for 1.25 mg/m2, and 5-8 ng/ml for 2.0 mg/m2. The T 1/2 b after completion of the infusion was 19 hours. Dose-limiting toxicity was myelosuppression. A partial remission of four months duration was observed in a patient with adenocarcinoma of the gastroesophageal junction. One patient, who had been heavily pretreated, obtained partial remission while three patients with breast cancer had a minor response. There was no response in 10 patients with hypernephroma. The suggested starting dose is 2 mg/m2 for un-pretreated cases and 1.75 mg/m2 daily for 5 consecutive days monthly for prior treated cases. PMID- 6517536 TI - [Representational and non-representational properties in the analysis of concepts]. PMID- 6517537 TI - [Field dependence-independence and operational thought in girls and boys]. PMID- 6517538 TI - [Current perspectives on the concept of time]. PMID- 6517539 TI - Comparative pharmacokinetics of Sch 28191 and amphotericin B in mice, rats, dogs, and cynomolgus monkeys. AB - The pharmacokinetics of Sch 28191, the N-D-ornithyl methyl ester of amphotericin B, and amphotericin B were studied in mice, rats, dogs, and cynomolgus monkeys after an intravenous dose of 0.6 mg/kg was administered. The decline in the concentrations of Sch 28191 and amphotericin B in serum appeared to be biphasic in nature. The half-life at the distribution phase and the half-life at the elimination phase of Sch 28191 were similar to those of amphotericin B in all animals studied. The half-life at the distribution phase in serum was 0.9 to 1.5 h in all animals studied. The half-lives at the elimination phase in serum were 25 to 28 h in mice, 16 to 18 h in rats, 44 to 47 h in dogs, and 35 h in cynomolgus monkeys. The areas under the serum concentration-time curves of Sch 28191 were five- to eightfold larger than those of amphotericin B in rats, dogs, and cynomolgus monkeys but were only slightly larger than those of amphotericin B in mice. In dogs, the urinary excretion (over 9 days) of unchanged drug accounted for 23% of the Sch 28191 dose and 25% of the amphotericin B dose. The concentrations of Sch 28191 in serum were also studied after the intravenous administration of 0.3, 0.6, or 1.25 mg/kg to dogs. The serum concentration-time curves were parallel for these doses. There was a linear relationship between the areas under the concentration-time curves and the doses, indicating dose proportionality. PMID- 6517541 TI - Effect of tetracyclines and UV light on oxygen consumption by human leukocytes. AB - When polymorphonuclear leukocytes were stimulated with zymosan, a sharp rise in oxygen consumption was observed. In the presence of doxycycline, we observed a further increase in oxygen consumption when the phagocytosing cells were exposed to UV light. When the light was turned off, oxygen consumption of the cells almost ceased, indicating photodamage to polymorphonuclear leukocytes during irradiation. Irradiation of the polymorphonuclear leukocytes for 20 min in the presence of doxycycline (10 micrograms/ml) before phagocytosis completely abolished the rise in oxygen consumption initiated by zymosan. Demethylchlortetracycline and light exposure also caused a marked reduction of polymorphonuclear leukocyte oxygen consumption, whereas oxytetracycline, lymecycline, chlortetracycline, and minocycline had only a slight or no photosensitizing effect. The photodamage induced by doxycycline and demethylchlortetracycline was inhibited by azide and enhanced in deuterium oxide. This was in accordance with singlet oxygen-mediated damage. PMID- 6517540 TI - Broad-spectrum synergistic antiviral activity of selenazofurin and ribavirin. AB - The antiviral effects of selenazofurin (2-beta-D-ribofuranosylselenazole-4 carboxamide, selenazole), ribavirin (1-beta-D-ribofuranosyl-1,2,4-triazole-3 carboxamide), and 3-deazaguanosine (6-amino-1-beta-D-ribofuranosylimidazo-[4.5 C]pyridin-4(5H)-one) were investigated separately and in various combinations in an in vitro study. The combination interactions were evaluated at seven drug concentrations, graphically (isobolograms) or by using fractional inhibitory concentration indices against mumps, measles, parainfluenza virus type 3, vaccinia and herpes simplex virus type 2 viruses in Vero and HeLa cells. Selenazofurin in combination with ribavirin produced the greatest synergistic antiviral activity. However, the degree of synergy depended on the virus and cell line used. In contrast, selenazofurin combined with 3-deazaguanosine consistently yielded an indifferent or an antagonistic response, or both, whereas the ribavirin-3-deazaguanosine interaction was additive against the same viruses. Single-drug cytotoxicity was minimal for the cytostatic agents selenazofurin and ribavirin but was markedly higher for cytocidal 3-deazaguanosine, as determined by relative plating efficiency after drug exposure. The drug combinations did not significantly increase cytotoxicity (they were only additive) when used on uninfected cells. Therefore, the enhanced antiviral activities of the drug combinations (shown to be synergistic) were due to specific effects against viral replication. These results indicated that in Vero and HeLa cells (i) the combination of selenazofurin and ribavirin produced an enhanced antiviral effect, thus requiring smaller amounts of drug to cause the same antiviral effect relative to a single compound; (ii) selenazofurin when compared with ribavirin and 3-deazaguanosine appeared to have a somewhat different mode of antiviral action; (iii) 3-deazaguanosine combined with selenazofurin was an unsuitable antiviral combination; and (iv) the antiviral activity of 3-deazaguanosine appeared to be due largely to its general overall cytotoxic effect. PMID- 6517542 TI - Antibacterial activities of nitrothiazole against Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli. AB - Niridazole (Ambilhar) and three other newly synthesized nitrothiazole derivatives were highly active against 19 microaerophilic campylobacters (minimum concentration required to inhibit 50% of strains [MIC50], 0.0075 to 0.015 mg/liter). There were, however, considerable differences in the susceptibility among strains tested, and one nitrothiazole derivative was rather inactive (MIC50, 2 mg/liter). Nitroimidazole derivatives, such as metronidazole and tinidazole, were less active (MIC50, 2 and 4 mg/liter, respectively). The nitrofuran derivatives, such as nitrofurazone and nitrofurantoin, were also less active (MIC50, 1 mg/liter). Niridazole and another potent nitrothiazole derivative killed the campylobacters rapidly at low concentrations. In contrast, much higher concentrations of metronidazole were required to achieve bactericidal values. PMID- 6517543 TI - Pharmacokinetics and metabolism of rosaramicin in humans. AB - The pharmacokinetics of rosaramicin was studied in subjects receiving 500 mg of the drug (i) by 1-h intravenous infusion, (ii) in solution orally, or (iii) as tablets orally. After intravenous administration, the rosaramicin levels in serum declined rapidly with t1/2S of 0.27 h for the distribution phase and 3.28 h for the elimination phase. The apparent volume of distribution was 3.78 liter/kg, and the total body clearance was 13.41 ml/min per kg, indicating extensive tissue distribution or metabolism or both. Similar pharmacokinetic data were obtained after oral administration of the drug in solution or tablets and after intravenous dosing. The absolute bioavailability of the drug administered orally, in either tablets or solution, was 32 to 39%. The metabolism and excretion of [14C]rosaramicin administered orally were also evaluated in volunteers. The serum area under the curve (infinity) of unchanged rosaramicin was 19% of that of total radioactivity, indicating extensive metabolism of the drug. About 7.0% of the radioactivity was recovered in the urine, and 86.7% was recovered in the feces. Only a small amount of unchanged rosaramicin was present in the urine (7 to 9% of urinary radioactivity), but none was present in the feces. The major metabolite, 20-bis-ureidorosaramicin, represented 17 to 38% of the radioactivity in the urine and 26 to 29% of the radioactivity in the feces. PMID- 6517544 TI - Synergism at clinically attainable concentrations of aminoglycoside and beta lactam antibiotics. AB - We evaluated the in vitro synergistic activity at clinically attainable concentrations of combinations of aminoglycoside and beta-lactam antibiotics against 30 gentamicin-resistant clinical isolates of gram-negative bacilli. All 56 pairs of 4 aminoglycosides and 14 beta-lactams were evaluated. Combinations with amikacin demonstrated inhibitory synergistic activity in 29% of the assays, as compared with 22% for netilmicin (P = 0.018), 17% for gentamicin (P less than 0.001), and 13% for tobramycin (P less than 0.001). Among the beta-lactams, combinations with cefoperazone, ceftriaxone, or cefpiramide (SM-1652) demonstrated inhibitory synergistic activity most often (39, 38, and 35% of the assays, respectively) and with ceforanide, cefsulodin, and imipenem least often (less than or equal to 8% each). The most active combination was amikacin and ceftriaxone, with which 67% of the assays demonstrated inhibitory synergism. Isolates with high-level resistance to either antibiotic in a combination were unlikely to be inhibited synergistically by the combination. Further, combinations generally demonstrated little synergistic activity against isolates highly susceptible to beta-lactams. PMID- 6517545 TI - Prevention of clindamycin-induced mortality in hamsters by Saccharomyces boulardii. AB - Saccharomyces boulardii, a yeast used in a number of countries for general and antibiotic-associated gastrointestinal illnesses, was examined for possible application in the prevention of clindamycin-induced mortality in the hamster colitis model. Hamsters were given free access to an aqueous 5% suspension of lyophilized yeast for 3 days before and 10 days after administration of a single oral clindamycin dose of from 0.2 to 0.8 mg/kg. Mortality was recorded in groups of 7 to 20 animals every 24 h for 10 to 30 days. Mean cecal concentrations of S. boulardii were greater than 10(6) CFU/ml throughout the yeast administration period. Yeast treatment significantly decreased cumulative percent mortality by an average of 29%. Death onset was not affected by yeast treatment. Cecitis was present in 86% of moribund animals (N = 95) and was absent in all surviving animals examined (N = 27). Toxigenic Clostridium difficile was isolated from 13 of 14 moribund hamsters examined. No adverse effects of the yeast treatment were observed in animals receiving S. boulardii without clindamycin. The results suggest that S. boulardii warrants further evaluation for the prevention of antibiotic-associated colitis. PMID- 6517547 TI - Addition of rifampin to carboxypenicillin-aminoglycoside combination for the treatment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection: clinical experience with four patients. AB - Four patients infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa were treated with the triple therapy of carboxypenicillin (carbenicillin or ticarcillin), aminoglycoside (gentamicin or tobramycin), and rifampin. Two patients had P. aeruginosa endocarditis, one had bacteremia associated with granulocytopenia, and one had neurosurgical meningitis. In all four cases, the clinical condition of the patient deteriorated on combined antipseudomonal penicillin and aminoglycoside therapy. All patients had persistent blood cultures (throughout a 3- to 30-day period) or cerebrospinal fluid cultures (throughout a 24-day period) while receiving penicillin-aminoglycoside therapy. Rifampin, 600 mg every 8 h orally, was added to the penicillin-aminoglycoside regimen. All four patients defervesced within 24 h after the initiation of rifampin. In addition, all four patients experienced sterilization of blood and cerebrospinal fluid cultures within 24 h of therapy. The emergence of rifampin-resistant P. aeruginosa was not observed. Ultimately, two patients survived their infection; the other two patients succumbed to complications of their underlying disease. This clinical experience should provide a stimulus for a controlled evaluation of rifampin as a component of multiple drug therapy directed against P. aeruginosa. PMID- 6517546 TI - Gentamicin uptake in Staphylococcus aureus possessing plasmid-encoded, aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes. AB - [3H]gentamicin uptake and killing were studied in three strains of gentamicin resistant Staphylococcus aureus possessing plasmid-encoded, gentamicin-modifying enzymes and in three isogenic, enzyme-free, gentamicin-susceptible derivatives. At low (less than or equal to 2.0 micrograms/ml) concentrations of gentamicin, uptake by resistant organisms was impaired compared with that of susceptible strains, and no killing was noted. In contrast, at higher (2.5 to 10.0 micrograms/ml) concentrations (which were below the MIC for the resistant strains), rapid gentamicin uptake similar to that seen in susceptible isolates was observed. Although growth inhibition at these concentrations was apparent, there was no loss of viability in resistant strains. Consistently, the membrane H+-ATPase inhibitor N,N'-dicyclohexyl carbodiimide caused resistant strains to take up low concentrations (1.0 microgram/ml) of gentamicin at rates comparable to those seen in susceptible organisms without causing an associated loss of viability. These studies show differences between gentamicin uptake in S. aureus and streptomycin uptake in Escherichia coli (Dickie et al., Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 14:569-580, 1978) regarding the kinetics of uptake in resistant strains with plasmid-encoded aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes. Specifically, they suggest that for 2-deoxystreptamine compounds such as gentamicin, ribosomal binding followed by accelerated uptake and subsequent interference with cell growth may occur without invariably being associated with lethal effect. PMID- 6517548 TI - Pharmacokinetics and bacteriological efficacies of apalcillin and cefpiramide in experimental pneumococcal meningitis. AB - Rabbits with experimentally induced pneumococcal meningitis were given single 25 mg/kg doses of apalcillin or cefpiramide. Mean percentages of the drug concentration in cerebrospinal fluid versus that in blood serum were 7.6% with apalcillin and 3.9% with cefpiramide. Bactericidal activity in cerebrospinal fluid resulted in mean reductions of from 4 to 5 log10 CFU/ml, and cerebrospinal fluid cultures became sterile for four of six animals treated with each drug. PMID- 6517549 TI - Susceptibilities of Mycobacterium fortuitum biovariant fortuitum and the unnamed third biovariant complex to heavy-metal salts. AB - Fifty-three clinical isolates of Mycobacterium fortuitum were tested for susceptibility to heavy-metal salts and antimicrobial agents. The isolates exhibited a bimodal distribution for several heavy metals including mercury, whose resistance is often plasmid mediated. There was a biovariant difference in the incidence of resistance, and resistance to several metal ions was often observed together. There was no apparent relationship between resistance to heavy metal salts and resistance to antimicrobial agents such as tetracycline. PMID- 6517550 TI - In vitro activity of ciprofloxacin against aerobic gram-negative bacteria. AB - For 177 gram-negative isolates, the MICs for ciprofloxacin ranged from 0.02 microgram/ml (Escherichia coli) to 0.31 microgram/ml (Pseudomonas aeruginosa). In time-kill curves, ciprofloxacin at 8 X the MIC almost completely killed 10(6) CFU of P. aeruginosa by 24 h. Ciprofloxacin at 4 X the MIC allowed bacterial regrowth by 24 h, with development of partial resistance to ciprofloxacin. PMID- 6517551 TI - Evaluation of two broth disk methods for antibiotic susceptibility testing of anaerobes. AB - We evaluated the aerobic thioglycolate broth disk and the vaspar overlay broth disk methods for antibiotic susceptibility testing of 144 strains of anaerobes. For penicillin, carbenicillin, chloramphenicol, and metrionidazale, both broth disk methods yielded at least 95% agreement with results obtained by the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards reference agar dilution procedure. For cefoxitin and clindamycin, the agreement was ca. 90%. Overall, the aerobic thioglycolate broth disk and vaspar overlay broth disk methods yielded agreements of 93.3 and 93%, respectively, with the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards method. PMID- 6517552 TI - Augmentation of the in vitro activity of azlocillin against Bacteroides fragilis by clavulanic acid. AB - Azlocillin was active against 90% of 154 strains of Bacteroides fragilis at a concentration of 64 micrograms/ml. Twenty-eight strains of B. fragilis with an azlocillin MIC of greater than or equal to 8 micrograms/ml were retested with a combination of azlocillin plus clavulanic acid. Of these strains, 71% showed a 4- to 32-fold decrease in the MIC of azlocillin plus clavulanic acid. PMID- 6517553 TI - High-pressure liquid chromatographic method for analysis of cephalosporins. AB - A high-pressure liquid chromatographic method is described for the analysis of a wide range of cephalosporin congeners, using only three reagents for extraction and drug analysis. Plasma was treated with cold methanol-0.1 M sodium acetate to precipitate protein. Cephalosporins were resolved on a C-18 reverse-phase column, utilizing a mobile phase of various percentages of 0.01 M sodium acetate and acetonitrile-methanol. Compounds analyzed included cephalexin, cefamandole, cephalothin, cefotaxime, cefazolin, cephaloridine, cefoxitin, cefaclor, cephapirin, and cefoperazone. Each antibiotic demonstrated excellent linearity throughout the therapeutic range. The method of standard additions revealed recoveries of 93 to 101%, with detection limits ranging from 0.2 to 1.0 micrograms/ml for these drugs. Retention times ranged from 4 to 6 min. This method offers a rapid and simple means by which this group of cephalosporins may be reliably quantitated. PMID- 6517554 TI - Ferredoxin-linked reduction of metronidazole in Clostridium pasteurianum. AB - Clostridium pasteurianum cell-free extracts enzymatically reduced metronidazole when coupled by hydrogenase via reduced ferredoxin. A 5 mM concentration of methyl viologen, flavin adenine dinucleotide, or flavin mononucleotide could completely replace ferredoxin (0.05 mM) in the in vitro reduction assay system, whereas 5 mM benzyl viologen was less effective. However, when these electron carriers were used at a concentration of 0.05 mM, there was a drastic loss in their abilities to couple the metronidazole reduction system compared with the comparable concentration of ferredoxin. It is not understood why these flavin coenzymes participate in this enzymatic reaction. NAD and NADP had no activity when substituted for ferredoxin in the enzyme system. Two reduced ferredoxin linked pathways, "metronidazole reductase" and the inducible dissimilatory sulfite reductase system, when combined in a single in vitro competition experiment demonstrated a preferential flow of electrons to metronidazole away from sulfite. A proposed bactericidal mechanism for metronidazole against C. pasteurianum incorporating the above findings is discussed. PMID- 6517555 TI - Effect of saturable clearance during high-dose mezlocillin therapy. AB - As mezlocillin has been shown to display nonlinear pharmacokinetics in single dose evaluations, we evaluated a crossover trial in patients with renal dysfunction the impact on serum clearance of fixed-dose versus fixed-interval administration of identical daily doses of the drug. In four patients with creatinine clearances of 0.00 to 1.78 liters/h per 1.73 m2, equal serum clearances were observed when the calculated daily total dose of mezlocillin was given either as a fixed dose of 5,000 mg at various intervals or every 4 h at various doses. We found that repetitive large daily doses that are equivalent to 30 g/day in patients with normal renal function can be administered to patients with impaired renal function as a reduced dose every 4 h instead of prolonging the dosing interval, as suggested by Mangione et al. (Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 21:428-435, 1982). The observed serum clearances were equal for the two schedules, probably owing to the degree of continuing saturation of the nonlinear clearance mechanisms of mezlocillin. PMID- 6517556 TI - Multiple-dose pharmacokinetics and safety of ciprofloxacin in normal volunteers. AB - The multiple-dose pharmacokinetics and safety of ciprofloxacin, a new quinoline carboxylic acid derivative, were evaluated in normal volunteers. The drug was administered orally every 12 h during successive 7-day periods at doses of 250, 500, and 750 mg. Samples of serum, urine, and saliva obtained after the first dose on days 1, 4, and 7 of each dosing period were assayed by microbiological methods. Peak concentrations of ciprofloxacin in serum were achieved generally from 1 to 1.5 h after administration. Mean peak serum levels were 1.35 to 1.42 micrograms/ml after the 250-mg dose, 2.60 to 2.89 micrograms/ml after the 500-mg dose, and 3.41 to 4.21 micrograms/ml after the 750-mg dose. Terminal serum half lives ranged from 3.8 to 4.3, 4.5 to 4.9, and 3.9 to 6.6 h after the 250-, 500-, and 750-mg doses, respectively. Mean concentrations of ciprofloxacin in urine samples collected 0 to 2 h after dosing were 205 to 261, 255 to 518, and 243 to 846 micrograms/ml after the 250-, 500-, and 750-mg doses, respectively. Between 30 and 45% of the dose was recovered in urine 0 to 12 h after drug administration. Mean concentrations of ciprofloxacin in saliva at 2 h after dosing were 0.43, 1.23, and 1.45 micrograms/ml after the 250-, 500-, and 750-mg doses, respectively. These levels were 30 to 45% of the peak levels in serum and between 40 and 65% of the levels in serum measured 2 h after dosing. Ciprofloxacin was well tolerated. PMID- 6517557 TI - Development of topical treatment for cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania major in experimental animals. AB - Topical treatment, with drug-containing ointments, of cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania major in BALB/c mice was studied. Twenty chemotherapeutic agents having potential or established antileishmanial activity were formulated in different ointment and cream bases. Only 15% paromomycin sulfate with 12% methylbenzethonium chloride, 12% benzethonium chloride, 12% cetalkonium chloride, or 12% dimethyl sulfoxide, all incorporated in white soft paraffin (United Kingdom patent application no. 2117237A), were completely effective. Topical treatment twice daily for 6 or more days caused total elimination of the parasites and healing of the lesion in all treated mice. All the other antileishmanial compounds, including sodium stibogluconate, pentamidine, amphotericin B, emetine hydrochloride, metronidazole, co-trimoxazole, allopurinol, and rifampin, either showed a slight effect on the parasites or were highly toxic to the animal host at the concentrations tested. PMID- 6517558 TI - Differential stimulation of lymphocyte cell growth in vitro by cephalosporins. AB - The in vitro effect of three cephalosporins (cefodizime, cefotaxime, and ceftizoxime) on the growth of the following lymphocytes or their derivatives was tested: L 5178y mouse lymphoma cells, Molt-4 cells, and murine splenic lymphocytes. Within the concentration range of 0.1 to 50 microM, the cephalosporins had no effect on L 5178y cell growth. However, Molt-4 cell growth was significantly stimulated by 0.3 to 20 microM cefotaxime and cefodizime but was not influenced by ceftizoxime. Binding studies with [14C]cefotaxime revealed that the Molt-4 cells responding to the drug bind this cephalosporin to their cell surface (1.9 X 10(5) molecules per cell); no significant binding was observed in the assays with L 5178y cells. Determinations of the extractable activities of DNA-synthesizing enzymes from cefodizime-treated Molt-4 cells showed a direct correlation between cell growth and DNA polymerase alpha as well as terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase activity; the DNA polymerase beta activity remained unchanged. Cefodizime (0.15 to 50 microM) which was added to mouse spleen cell cultures significantly increased [3H]thymidine incorporation into lymphocytes. This stimulatory effect was less pronounced in concanavalin A stimulated cultures. These findings suggest that some cephalosporins display a growth-stimulating influence on some lymphocyte populations. PMID- 6517559 TI - Changes in the pharmacokinetics of ciprofloxacin and fecal flora during administration of a 7-day course to human volunteers. AB - Twelve male subjects, aged 19 to 40 years, shown to be healthy by examination and laboratory tests, took 500 mg of ciprofloxacin every 12 h for 7 days. After the first and the last dose, blood and urine samples were taken and drug concentrations were determined by bioassay. There was a significant buildup in mean concentrations in serum from day 1 to day 7; mean peak levels (attained after 1 to 2 h) were 1.9 and 2.8 micrograms/ml, respectively. The terminal half life was 3.5 to 4 h. About 40% of the drug was excreted into the urine during the 12-h period after dosing; minimum mean concentrations in urine were 105 micrograms/ml on day 1 and 174 micrograms/ml on day 7. Considerable amounts of ciprofloxacin were found in the feces on day 7 (185 to 2,220 micrograms/g). Marked changes in the aerobic part of the fecal flora were observed as a result of taking ciprofloxacin: coliforms were absent on day 7, and concentrations of streptococci and staphylococci were significantly reduced. There was no overgrowth by yeasts. One week later the fecal flora had returned to a state similar to that found before treatment. Anaerobes were little affected quantitatively but acquired resistance to ciprofloxacin. Side effects were mild and transient. PMID- 6517560 TI - Improved micromethod for mezlocillin quantitation in serum and urine by high pressure liquid chromatography. AB - A rapid, sensitive, and specific method of analysis for mezlocillin in serum and urine by high-pressure liquid chromatography is described. A solid-phase extraction column was used to remove interfering substances from samples before chromatography. Quantitation included the use of an internal standard, nafcillin. Mezlocillin was chromatographed with a phosphate buffer-acetonitrile (73:27) mobile phase and a C-18 reverse-phase column and detected at a wavelength of 220 nm. The assay had a sensitivity of 1.6 micrograms/ml and a linearity of up to 600 micrograms/ml and 16 mg/ml in serum and urine, respectively, with only 0.1 ml of sample. The interday and intraday coefficients of variation for replicate analyses of spiked serum and urine specimens were less than 6.5%. PMID- 6517561 TI - In vitro susceptibility of anaerobic bacteria to ciprofloxacin (Bay o 9867). AB - About 80% of 70 clinical isolates of Bacteroides fragilis were inhibited by 4 micrograms of ciprofloxacin (Bay o 9867) per ml. The 90% MIC of ciprofloxacin was 8 micrograms/ml for other Bacteroides species, 2 micrograms/ml for Peptococcus species, 8 micrograms/ml for Peptostreptococcus species, and 16 micrograms/ml for Clostridium and Eubacterium species. PMID- 6517562 TI - Screening for new compounds with antiherpes activity. AB - A number of compounds have been tested for antiherpes activity. Actinobolin, amicetin, carrageenan, laspartomycin, megalomycin C, pleuromutilin, suramin and tetracenomycin C showed significant protection of HeLa cell monolayers infected with herpes simplex virus type 1. The action of these new antiherpes compounds was compared with those antiherpes agents that have been described previously. Actinobolin, amicetin and tetracenomycin C were also active against viruses other than herpes simplex. PMID- 6517563 TI - Recurrences after first episodes of genital herpes in patients treated with topical acyclovir cream. AB - The effect of topical acyclovir treatment of first episode genital herpes on the time to first recurrence in a group of 42 patients receiving either acyclovir or placebo was investigated. Topical acyclovir treatment had no effect on time to first recurrence in patients with either first episode HSV-1 or HSV-2 infections. There was no significant difference in the time to first recurrence in patients with either true primary or initial genital infections. However, the time to first recurrence in patients with first episode HSV-2 was significantly shorter than in patients with first episode HSV-1. Acyclovir treatment appeared to have no effect on the development of neutralising antibody in patients with either virus type. PMID- 6517564 TI - Sweetness intensity perception and sweetness pleasantness in women varying in reported restraint of eating. AB - In previous studies on the breakdown of restrained eating it was implicitly assumed that individuals reporting different degrees of pre-experimental restrained eating have identical preferences for the taste and odour of foods. This hypothesis was tested with 23 women classified as either high, medium or low restrained eaters on the basis of their scores on a Dutch 'Restrained Eating Scale'. Individual psychophysical and psychohedonic functions for sweetness and pleasantness of sucrose were determined. From the mean group values it was concluded that there is no relationship between the degree of self-reported restrained eating and perceived sweetness intensity, nor is there a relationship between the degree of self-reported restrained eating and maximally preferred sweetness intensity. PMID- 6517565 TI - Acculturation to Canadian Foods by Chinese immigrant boys: changes in the perceived flavor, health value and prestige of foods. AB - Acculturation changes in the perceived qualities of foods was demonstrated in a group of first and second generation Chinese adolescent immigrants. The type and degree of change in perceived flavor, health value and prestige ratings varied for individual foods. The second generation subjects and those with more accultured patterns of language use, gave higher hedonic flavor and prestige ratings to dessert, snack and fast foods. This same group exhibited better discrimination between nutrient rich and poor foods as assessed by changes in perception of health value. Food perceptions of the more accultured second generation Chinese group were also found to approach those of an age and sex matched group of Canadian Anglophones. The results suggest that on immigration diet westernization may have nutritionally undesirable effects. PMID- 6517566 TI - Hepatic control of food intake. AB - Russek's (1981 a) review of the "hepatostatic" theory states that food absorbed from the intestine causes a change in liver metabolism that in turn affects food intake. The results of two of my experiments are in conflict with the theory. In one experiment, food absorbed in physiological amounts from the intestine of the rat failed to cause a decrease in subsequent food intake. In the other experiment, food absorbed from the intestine was diverted into the systemic blood through the use of a portacaval shunt. In spite of a decrease in the amount of absorbed food that would flow to the liver, there was no increase in food intake. These experiments fail to support the "hepatostatic theory". PMID- 6517567 TI - Effects of continuous long-term intravenous infusion of long-chain fatty acids on feeding behaviour and blood components of adult sheep. AB - Albumin complexes of palmitic, stearic and oleic acids were continuously infused intravenously into adult sheep to investigate their effects on feeding behaviour and blood components. They were compared with saline infusions as during a preliminary test albumin alone showed no influence on voluntary food intake. Oleic and palmitic acid infusions induced a significant decrease of the voluntary food intake, relative to saline infusion. Food intake also decreased in experimental sheep when stearic acid was used, though not significantly. For all the tested fatty acids, blood beta-hydroxybutyrate and acetoacetate concentrations, plasma lipid content and the distribution of fatty acids in triacylglycerol remained unchanged. Oleic acid infusion induced the following significant changes of blood composition between control and experimental sheep: increased free fatty acid (FFA) concentration, increased oleic acid and decreased palmitic acid proportions in FFA and an increased amount of oleic acid balanced by a decreased linoleic acid content in phospholipids and cholesteryl esters. The only significant changes observed with the palmitic acid infusion were: decreased linoleic acid content in phospholipids and cholesteryl esters and increased oleic acid content in cholesteryl esters. The stearic acid infusion induced a decrease of stearic acid quantity in phospholipids and a corresponding increase in oleic acid in phospholipids and cholesteryl ester. It is suggested that these long chain fatty acids might affect the long-term control of voluntary food intake in ruminants. PMID- 6517568 TI - Meal initiation controlled by learned cues: basic behavioral properties. AB - The behavioral properties of meals initiated in response to the presentation of food-associated external stimuli are examined. A Pavlovian conditioning procedure was used to teach animals an association between an arbitrary external cue and food. Subsequent presentations of the conditioned cue reliably led to the initiation of feeding even though rats were tested under conditions of satiety. Several properties of learned external control of feeding were identified. First, the size of meals motivated by exposure to signals for food resembled the level of ingestion characteristic of spontaneous feeding. Second, the potency of externally-controlled intake was influenced by satiety signals arising from previous meals. Third, although presentation of the conditioned cue could be used to influence meal pattern, rats regulated the amount of calories consumed in a 24 h period. These results establish that learning contributes to meal initiation and that mechanisms based on learning do not require (but may interact with) internal energy depletion signals in the control of feeding. The implications of these findings to models of feeding behavior are discussed. PMID- 6517569 TI - Contributions of obesity, gender, hunger, food preference, and body size to bite size, bite speed, and rate of eating. AB - College students ate two high preference or two low preference doughnuts under high or low hunger conditions. Subjects were led to believe that we were interested in preference ratings made after eating the doughnuts. The number of bites and the total snack time were covertly recorded. Having weighed the doughnuts previously, we calculated the bite size (amount per bite), bite speed (time per bite), and eating rate (amount per second). Eating rate increased as obesity, body size, hunger, and preference increased; men ate at a faster rate than women. Larger bites accounted for the increased rate of the obese, the high preference subjects, and those having a larger body size. The hungry subjects increased their eating rate by taking faster bites. Men ate faster than women by taking both larger but slower bites. Thus eating rate is under multiple control. The data also suggest that the effects of obesity and, in part, gender on these eating responses may be more parsimoniously explained as body size effects. Modification of these within-session eating responses in order to regulate food intake will be successful only when the relationships among these measures are understood. PMID- 6517570 TI - Deprivation, palatability and the micro-structure of meals in human subjects. AB - Changes in the micro-structure of meals were studied in ten human subjects under different palatability and deprivation conditions. The oscillographic recording of chewing and swallowing movements during standardized meals allowed many meal parameters to be precisely measured. Both increases in deprivation time (from 4 to 15 h) and in food preference produce larger, longer meals. These factor's effects were additive. Eating rate was accelerated in high relative to low preference conditions. The micro-structure of meals proved to be more sensitive to food preferences than to deprivation levels: chewing activity per standard food piece tended to decrease as preference increased, as observed in a previous study. However, in the first quarter of meals, chewing time was affected similarly by deprivation and by preference. A clear deceleration of eating rate was apparent between the beginning and the end of meals. The results are discussed in perspective with other human studies and with reference to preference and deprivation as continua. PMID- 6517571 TI - Weight change and psychological state in obese women. AB - Data were collected during a three-month double-blind trial of evening primrose oil (EPO) in 100 obese females attending a hospital obesity clinic. Initial weight was not related to subsequent weight loss. There was, however, a significant correlation between change in mood and change in weight, with weight loss being associated with improved mood state and weight gain with increased disturbance. Such associations were strongest for patients who were new to the clinic, as opposed to refractory patients, and for patients who were initially depressed, as opposed to those who were not psychologically disturbed. It is suggested that new patients have a swift psychological response to even minor changes in weight and that, because of a risk of increasing depression, particular attention should be given to obese patients who fail to show any weight loss. PMID- 6517572 TI - A compilation of amino acid analyses of proteins. XIX. Residues per thousand residues--6. AB - The amino acid analyses of 186 proteins are given as residues per 1000 residues. Additional information as carbohydrate composition, content of uncommon amino acids, and sources of all proteins are also presented. PMID- 6517573 TI - Effects of exercise on the physical fitness, intelligence, and adaptive behavior of institutionalized mentally retarded adults. AB - The effects of a seven-month aerobic-type exercise program on physical fitness and intelligence of institutionalized adult mentally retarded persons were evaluated. Sixty-five subjects, matched on IQ, CA, and sex, were assigned randomly to exercise (PF), attention control (AC), and nonintervention control (C) groups. PF and AC groups participated in 139 training sessions, three hours per day, five days per week. The exercise consisted of running/jogging, calisthenics, and circuit training; those in the AC groups received a special education program; the C group continued their normal institutional training programs. Cardiovascular efficiency improved in the PF group. IQ and adaptive behavior did not improve as a result of any treatment. Even though standardized tests reflected little change in adaptive behavior of participants, subjective reports suggest PF training may serve as an effective habilitation program for many institutionalized mentally retarded adults. PMID- 6517574 TI - Competitive employment: assessing employee reactivity to naturalistic observation. AB - This study assessed the work behavior of five mentally retarded dishwashers. An ABCBC design was utilized with special educators initially observing the dishwashers (Overt measures). During the B phases these educators observed the same dishwashers' work behavior while a second group of observers, posing as kitchen laborers (coworkers), assessed work behavior, during other periods of the day (Overt or Covert). Finally, during C phases, special educators and coworkers recorded dishwashers working at the same time (Overt and Covert). Results indicated dishwashers worked more when educators observed them. Dishwashers spent less time working when these educators were absent. During the "Overt and Covert" observation phases (Phase C), where covert measures were taken in addition to overt measures (i.e., at the same time and on the same person), covert measures covaried with educators' measures of work performance. These results are discussed with suggestions to initiate a program of research to investigate the use of coworkers in the administration of behavior change methods, in work settings. PMID- 6517575 TI - The sex chromosomes--one key to autism? An XYY case of infantile autism. AB - Genetic/chromosomal factors have recently been proposed as being of importance in many children presenting with the behavioral syndrome of infantile autism. There are several single case studies in the literature of childhood psychosis in connection with the XYY syndrome. A further case of this combination is described. It is suggested that the sex chromosomes may be of major importance in the genesis of some cases of autism. PMID- 6517576 TI - Characteristics of New York's community residences for developmentally disabled persons. AB - A statewide survey of New York's community residences for developmentally disabled persons was conducted in which program auspice, history and affiliation, physical structure, community relations, residence staff, and occupant characteristics were examined. The results revealed a diverse system, with certain characteristics similar to those reported in previous national community residence surveys. Principal differences between the statewide data and the national surveys related to residence auspice, size, and staff demographics. These differences are explained as a function of both survey sampling strategies and program differences. Implications of the data are discussed. PMID- 6517577 TI - Deceleration of self-injurious and stereotypic responding by exercise. AB - A jogging exercise program was implemented for two severely retarded adults who exhibited high rates of self-injurious behavior and stereotyped mannerisms. Exercise was increased from one mile per day to three miles per day over a six week period. Baseline measures were taken on the self-injurious behavior, stereotyped body rocking and pacing, sitting, and social interactions. Aberrant responding gradually decreased over the six weeks. Daily response rates were lower after the exercise as contrasted with before. When the program was terminated aberrant responding again increased. PMID- 6517578 TI - An ecobehavioral assessment of a special education classroom. AB - The present study combined a multiple category observational data system with a correlational analysis in order to test the value of such a combination as an ecobehavioral assessment instrument and determine whether this package would reveal relationships both between and within the behavioral repetoires of several children. Four severely and profoundly mentally retarded children between the ages of 9 and 12 years were observed in their self-contained special education classroom, and the teacher collected the data over a 20-day period using an interval recording system. Bivariate correlational analysis of the 38 observed categories with the school-day as the unit of analysis revealed significant relationships both between and within children. Two children showed a pattern of relationships in which social interaction in either child was associated with maladaptive behavior in the other, and another child's destructive and self injurious behaviors were positively associated with his noncompliance. Patterns of related child behaviors suggested ways in which they may have been affected by the behavior of adults in the classroom. The value of such an instrument for ecological assessment is discussed. PMID- 6517579 TI - Validity of the tritiated thymidine method for estimating bacterial growth rates: measurement of isotope dilution during DNA synthesis. AB - The rate of tritiated thymidine incorporation into DNA was used to estimate bacterial growth rates in aquatic environments. To be accurate, the calculation of growth rates has to include a factor for the dilution of isotope before incorporation. The validity of an isotope dilution analysis to determine this factor was verified in experiments reported here with cultures of a marine bacterium growing in a chemostat. Growth rates calculated from data on chemostat dilution rates and cell density agreed well with rates calculated by tritiated thymidine incorporation into DNA and isotope dilution analysis. With sufficiently high concentrations of exogenous thymidine, de novo synthesis of deoxythymidine monophosphate was inhibited, thereby preventing the endogenous dilution of isotope. The thymidine technique was also shown to be useful for measuring growth rates of mixed suspensions of bacteria growing anaerobically. Thymidine was incorporated into the DNA of a range of marine pseudomonads that were investigated. Three species did not take up thymidine. The common marine cyanobacterium Synechococcus species did not incorporate thymidine into DNA. PMID- 6517580 TI - Common occurrence of plasmid DNA and vancomycin resistance in Leuconostoc spp. AB - Resistance to vancomycin permitted detection, in a culture of Streptococcus cremoris 290PC, of a contaminant gram-positive coccus. Morphological and physiological characteristics indicated that this bacterium was a strain of Leuconostoc sp., designated PO184. This strain contained four plasmid species, which were distinct from those harbored by S. cremoris 290PC. Antibiotic disk susceptibility tests indicated that Leuconostoc sp. strain PO184 was also resistant to sulfathiazole and trimethoprim and susceptible to 17 other antimicrobials. The MIC of vancomycin for this strain was greater than 2,000 micrograms/ml, and resistance did not depend on drug inactivation. Leuconostoc sp. strain PO184 produced a substance which was inhibitory to S. cremoris U134, but not to S. lactis ATCC 11454. Five other leuconostocs produced substances with antibacterial activity. Of 18 strains of Leuconostoc sp., 14 were resistant to at least 500 micrograms of vancomycin per ml, including four L. oenos strains which harbored no plasmid DNA in the 1- to 76-megadalton range. Twelve Leuconostoc sp. strains contained at least one plasmid species in this mass range. These findings are discussed from the physiological, taxonomical, and ecological standpoints and with regard to their potential applications. PMID- 6517581 TI - Multiplicity of aspartate transport in thin wastewater biofilms. AB - This research documents the multiplicity of L-aspartate transport in thin wastewater biofilms. A Line-weaver-Burk analysis of incorporation produced a curvilinear plot (concave down) that suggested active transport by two distinct systems (1 and 2). The inactivation of system 2 with AsO4 or osmotic shock resolved system 1, which was a high-affinity, low-capacity system with an apparent Kt (Michaelis-Menten constant) of 4.3 microM (AsO4) or 4.6 microM (osmotic shock). The inactivation of system 1 with dinitrophenol resolved system 2, which was a low-affinity, high-capacity system with an apparent Kt of 116.7 microM. System 1 was more specific for aspartate than system 2 in the presence of aspartate analogs. Sodium had no discernible effect on the incorporation velocities by either system. These results indicate that system 1 is a membrane bound proton symport coupled to the proton gradient component of the proton motive force and that system 2 is a binding protein-mediated system coupled to phosphate bond energy. Analyses of diffusional limitations on the derived transport constants indicated that internal resistances were present but that the apparent constants were close to the intrinsic values, especially for system 1. Metabolic inactivation of the biofilm with dinitrophenol and AsO4 did not completely inactivate aspartate incorporation, which indicated that some simple adsorption of the aspartate anion by the biofilm had occurred. These results show that aspartate is transported by wastewater biofilm bacteria via systems with different affinities, specificities, and mechanisms of energy coupling. PMID- 6517582 TI - Microbial colonization of human ileal conduits. AB - Morphological and microbiological techniques were used to locate and identify the microorganisms that colonized the human ileal conduits in 17 different patients from 5 days after surgery up to as many as 16 years of service as a urine conduit. The ecological sequence of this colonization assumes some practical importance because the ascending growth of pathogenic organisms in this essentially open, unvalved urinary tract diversion system leads to the development of life-threatening pyelonephritis. Extensive examination of the microvillus surfaces of the ilea of five accident victims by both transmission and scanning electron microscopy showed that these tissue surfaces were not colonized by bacteria, even in the absence of prophylactic antibiotic therapy, and that these surfaces were not occupied by adherent microorganisms after several years of service as a urine conduit, even when the skin surface stoma and the conduit contents were heavily colonized by bacteria and yeasts. During the initial period (10 days) of postoperative antibiotic therapy, the mucus and urine within the conduit were largely colonized by yeasts. A mixed population of yeasts and gram-positive cocci subsequently developed in the conduit itself, and gram positive cocci were seen to be avidly adherent to epidermal cells at the stoma. As antibiotic protection was gradually withdrawn, gram-negative organisms became a part of the mixed microbial flora of the conduit contents, and some of the potentially pathogenic organisms of this group (e.g., Escherichia spp., Proteus spp., Pseudomonas spp., etc.) were isolated from patients with pyelonephritis that appeared to come from the ileal conduit.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6517583 TI - Production of monoclonal antibodies to staphylococcal enterotoxin A. AB - Spleen cells from mice immunized with staphylococcal enterotoxin A were successfully fused with NS-1 mouse myeloma cells. Two of the four clones studied produced monoclonal antibodies to staphylococcal enterotoxin A in growth medium which showed titers of greater than 10(6) to 10(7) when tested by the indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. These monoclonal antibodies showed reactivity with enterotoxins A and E in the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. However, the reactivity was higher with enterotoxin A than with enterotoxin E. Nanogram quantities of crude staphylococcus enterotoxin A from Staphylococcus aureus growth were detected by the monoclonal antibodies in electroimmunoblots via autoradiography. PMID- 6517584 TI - Detection and quantitation of T-2 mycotoxin with a simplified protein synthesis inhibition assay. AB - We describe a simple, rapid, and sensitive bioassay for the detection and quantitation of T-2 mycotoxin by using a protein synthesis assay in cultured cells. Increased sensitivity of the cells to the mycotoxin occurred with time up to ca. 60-min. Time and dose response curves show that an average of 10 to 20 ng of T-2 per ml was sufficient to cause 50% inhibition of protein synthesis in tissue culture cells. A wide range of tissue culture cells with varied type, tissue, and species sources and growth characteristics were tested by this system. All showed approximately the same sensitivity to the mycotoxin. A slight modification of the procedure was used for suspended cultures of mitogen stimulated lymphocytes, which also showed an equal degree of sensitivity to the mycotoxin. By simply changing the labeled precursor, the inhibition of RNA, DNA, and protein synthesis by T-2 mycotoxin can be compared. Although T-2 mycotoxin had little effect on RNA synthesis, DNA and protein synthesis were equally inhibited. Because of its sensitivity and its capacity to quickly assay a large number of samples, this technique has been a valuable tool in screening samples for the presence of active toxin and has been used to help establish laboratory safety standards for the inactivation of T-2 mycotoxin by chemical agents. It is presently being used in studies of mycotoxin mechanism of action and approaches toward in vivo neutralization of the toxic effects of mycotoxins. PMID- 6517585 TI - Ochratoxin A-induced teratogenesis in rats: partial protection by phenylalanine. AB - Ochratoxin A (OA), an important foodborne mycotoxin, is a potent teratogenic and nephrotoxic agent produced by several species of Aspergillus and Penicillium. OA is a known inhibitor of protein synthesis via competition with phenylalanine (Phe) in the phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase-catalyzed reaction. It also has been reported that a variety of toxic effects of OA can be prevented by Phe. This study was designed to determine whether Phe could prevent or diminish the teratogenic effects of OA in rats. Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were injected with a single individual dose of OA (1.75 mg/kg) alone or in combination with a single dose of Phe (20 mg/kg) or in combination with either a single or daily dose of Phe (25 mg/kg). OA dissolved in 5% sodium bicarbonate and Phe dissolved in normal saline were administered subcutaneously on gestation day 7 to rats. The incidences of OA-induced fetal malformations (gross and skeletal) were significantly diminished in the presence of added Phe. These results indicate that coadministered Phe provides partial prenatal protection from the teratogenic effects of OA. PMID- 6517586 TI - Characterization of Limulus amoebocyte lysate-reactive material from hollow-fiber dialyzers. AB - Hollow-fiber hemodialyzers containing cellulose-based membranes have been shown to produce positive results with the Limulus amoebocyte lysate test. This study was undertaken to determine whether endotoxin was causing the reaction. Rinses from 45 parallel-plate and hollow-fiber dialyzers from eight different manufacturers were tested before and after treatment with cellulase, using three lysates and four Limulus amoebocyte lysate methods. In addition, four in vitro cellular methods--human leukocytic pyrogen, lymphocytic activating factor, peritoneal macrophage, and arginase release--were used to evaluate endotoxin activity. The substance causing the reaction was identified by chromatographic methods. Results indicate that the Limulus amoebocyte lysate reactive material is cellulose derived and not pyrogenic. PMID- 6517587 TI - Effect of organic contamination upon microbial distributions and heterotrophic uptake in a Cape Cod, Mass., aquifer. AB - Bacterial abundance, distribution, and heterotrophic uptake in a freshwater aquifer contaminated by treated sewage were determined from analyses of groundwater and sediment-core samples. The number of free-living (unattached) bacteria in contaminated groundwater declined steadily with increasing distance from the source of sewage infiltration, from 1.94 (+/- 0.20) X 10(6) ml-1 at 0.21 km to 0.25 (+/- 0.02) X 10(6) ml-1 at 0.97 km. Bacterial abundance in groundwater sampled at 0.31 km correlated strongly with specific conductance and increased sharply from 4.0 (+/- 0.3) X 10(4) ml-1 at a depth of 6 m to 1.58 (+/- 0.12) X 10(6) ml-1 at 14 m, then declined at 20 and 31 m to 1.29 (+/- 0.12) X 10(6) and 0.96 (+/- 0.12) X 10(6) ml-1, respectively. A majority of the bacteria in contaminated and uncontaminated zones of the aquifer were bound to the surfaces of particulates, less than 60 micron in diameter. The glucose uptake rate, assayed at in situ and 5 microM concentrations, declined steadily in contaminated groundwater sampled along a transect. A preparative wet-sieving technique for use in processing core samples for bacterial enumeration is described and evaluated. PMID- 6517588 TI - Methylation and demethylation of mercury under controlled redox, pH and salinity conditions. AB - In estuarine sediments, the microbially mediated processes of methylation, demethylation, and volatilization determine the state and overall toxicity of mercury pollutants. The effects of redox potential (Eh) and salinity on the above microbial processes were investigated in reactors constructed to allow for continuous monitoring and adjustment of the pH (6.8) and Eh of freshly collected estuarine sediments. For measurements of methylation and demethylation activity, sediment slurries adjusted to appropriate salinity were spiked with HgCl2 or CH3HgCl, respectively, and were incubated in the reactors. Methylmercury was measured by gas chromatography. Volatilized elemental mercury (Hg0) was trapped and determined by cold vapor atomic absorption spectrometry. Volatilization of Hg0 and CH3HgCH3 were found to be minimal. Methylation of Hg2+ was favored at Eh 220 mV as compared to +110 mV. At -220 mV, high salinity (2.5%) inhibited methylation, and low salinity (0.4%) favored it. At +110 mV, the salinity effect was less pronounced. Demethylation of CH3HgCl was favored at +110 mV regardless of the salinity level. Low redox potential under low salinity conditions inhibited demethylation, but high salinity reversed this inhibition. These findings are helpful for interpreting and predicting the behavior of mercury pollutants in estuarine sediments. PMID- 6517589 TI - [The endometrium of the immature rabbit stimulated by an estrogen and treated with a progestogen. Scanning electron microscopy study]. AB - The endometrium of rabbits, treated by the usual pharmacology methods designed for the measurement of the pseudogestagen effect, was studied by scanning electron microscopy. Estrogen stimulation was followed by a multiplication of the number of ciliated cells. Treatment with progesterone lead to a decrease in the numbers of microvilli and to the appearance of rounded bulges which increased in numbers as the progesterone dose level increased. These changes were quite close to those observed in post menopausal women under estro-progestogen treatment. PMID- 6517590 TI - [Cell proliferation during cicatrization of the integument in the 5 day chick embryo]. AB - A cell proliferation study during wound healing of the excised integument of the flank in 5-day chick embryos was performed by pulse labelling using a single isotope (tritiated thymidine). The embryos were operated according to the experimental protocol already published (Thevenet and Sengel, 1973; Thevenet, 1981). 20 microCi of 3H-thymidine were deposited on the integument of the right flank of unoperated (controls) and operated embryos fixed 1 (start control), 2, 12 and 24 h after the excision. Mean labelling index of the unoperated epidermis was 13.7% at 5 days and 21.5% at 6 days of incubation. 2 hours after the excision, labelling index of the operated epidermis increased, on average, to 175% with respect to the labelling index of the controls, in the proximal zones near the wound edges; in the distal zones, the labelling index was lower than that of the controls. The labelling index in the dermis was, on average, 23.4% at 5 days and 28.5% at 6 days of incubation. 2 hours after the excision, the labelling index of the operated dermis increased, on average, to 165% with respect to that of the controls; later it decreased again and remained slightly higher or slightly lower than that of the controls. The increase of the labelling index of the operated integument persisted for a maximum of 6 h after the excision. PMID- 6517591 TI - [Cytotoxic properties of anti-kidney antibodies in the chick embryo. I- Antibodies reacting with an antigen specific for the proximal segment of the secretory tubules]. AB - The cytotoxic properties of purified antibodies reacting specifically with an antigen of the proximal secretory tubule cells have been studied. Intravenous injections of these antibody preparations together with complement (Guinea pig serum) into 2-3,5 day old or 12-13 day old chick embryos do not interfere with the development of either the meso-or metanephros. Furthermore, when suspensions of live metanephric cells treated first with anti-proximal segment antibodies and second with complement are cultured under organotypic conditions, one observes the reconstitution of all the characteristic segments (proximal, intermediate, distal and collecting) of the urinary tubule. It appears therefore that, in vivo as well as in vitro, these antibody preparations do not exert any cytolytic activity although it can be demonstrated that, at least under in vitro conditions, they bind to the surface of the proximal secretory cells and that the antibody-sensitised cells fix complement. PMID- 6517593 TI - A second, slower inactivation process in acetylcholine receptor-rich membrane vesicles prepared from Electrophorus electricus. AB - An agonist such as carbamylcholine or phenyltrimethylammonium induced a second, slower complete inactivation of acetylcholine receptor prepared from Electrophorus electricus. The rate of this inactivation of the receptor followed first-order kinetics. The rate constant of the inactivation increased with the agonist concentration until it reached a plateau, the value of which was 0.19 h-1 at 4.5 degrees C. The reaction was also temperature dependent, and the activation energy of the inactivation caused by 1 mM carbamylcholine was estimated to be 7.6 kcal/mol. The inactive receptor was reconverted to the active form with a rate constant of about 0.015 h-1 at 4.5 degrees C when the carbamylcholine concentration (0.1 mM) was reduced by 15-fold dilution in eel Ringer's solution. These results can be interpreted by adding, to the minimal reaction scheme proposed by the Hess group, a second, slower, reversible inactivation process either through the intact form or through the first desensitized form of the receptor binding two agonist molecules. PMID- 6517592 TI - NH2-terminal sequence analyses of four rat hepatic microsomal cytochromes P-450. AB - Cytochromes P-450f, P-450g, P-450h, and P-450i are four hepatic microsomal hemoproteins that have been purified from adult rats. Whereas cytochromes P-450g and P-450h appear to be male-specific hemoproteins, cytochrome P-450i is apparently a female-specific enzyme purified from untreated adult female rats. Cytochrome P-450f has been purified from adult male and female rats with equivalent recoveries. Amino-terminal sequence analyses of the first 15-20 amino acid residues of each of these cytochromes P-450 has been accomplished in the current investigation. Each protein possesses a hydrophobic leader sequence consisting of 65-87% hydrophobic amino acids, and only one charged amino acid (Asp) in the amino-terminal region. Although differences in the amino-terminal sequences of cytochromes P-450f, P-450g, P-450h, and P-450i are identified, these hemoproteins all begin with Met-Asp, and marked structural homology is observed among certain of these enzymes. Cytochromes P-450g and P-450h, two male-specific proteins, have 11-12/15 identical residues with cytochrome P-450i, a female specific isozyme. Cytochromes P-450f and P-450h have 16/20 identical amino terminal residues. Only limited sequence homology is observed between the amino terminal sequences of cytochromes P-450f-i compared to rat liver cytochromes P 450a-e. The results demonstrate that cytochromes P-450f, P-450g, P-450h, and P 450i are isozymic to each other and five additional rat hepatic microsomal cytochrome P-450 isozymes (P-450a-e). PMID- 6517594 TI - Stereoselectivity of 1-aminocyclopropanecarboxylate malonyltransferase toward stereoisomers of 1-amino-2-ethylcyclopropanecarboxylic acid. AB - A malonyltransferase isolated from mungbean (Vigna radiata L.) hypocotyls catalyzed the malonylation of both 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) and D-amino acids. The possibility that ACC was recognized by the enzyme as a D amino acid was investigated by examining the efficiencies of the four stereoisomers of 1-amino-2-ethylcyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (AEC) serving as substrates of malonyltransferase and as inhibitors of ACC malonyltransferase. Although all four isomers were malonylated by the enzyme and competitively inhibited the malonylation of ACC to N-malonyl-ACC, (1R,2S)-AEC and (1R,2R)-AEC, both of which have an R-configuration as a D-amino acid, had lower Km and Ki values (0.1 to 0.2 mM) than their enantiomers, (1S,2R)-AEC (Km and Ki values were about 1 mM) and (1S,2S)-AEC (Km and Ki values were higher than 10 mM), which have an S-configuration as an L-amino acid. Similarly, (R)-isovaline (2-amino-2 methylbutanoic acid), which has an R-configuration as a D-amino acid, inhibited more effectively the enzymatic conversion of ACC to malonyl-ACC than did (S) isovaline, which has an S-configuration as an L-amino acid. In mungbean hypocotyls (1R,2S)-AEC and (1R,2R)-AEC were also more efficiently converted into malonyl conjugates and more efficiently inhibited the conversion of radioactive ACC into malonyl-ACC than their enantiomers, although the differences in efficiency among stereoisomers were smaller in hypocotyls than in enzymatic reactions. These results suggest that ACC is recognized by the enzyme as a D amino acid. PMID- 6517595 TI - High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of phospholipid peroxidation products of rat liver after carbon tetrachloride administration. AB - A method to detect and determine phospholipid peroxidation products in a biological system was developed using reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography and normal-phase HPLC. Reversed-phase HPLC could separate phosphatidylcholine (PC) hydroperoxides and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) hydroperoxides of rat liver from the respective phospholipids. A linear relationship was observed between these hydroperoxides and their peak areas on the chromatogram. In the experiment with rats administered CCl4, reversed-phase HPLC gave prominent, large peaks attributable to the peroxidation of phospholipids, and the peroxide level of the liver phospholipids was tentatively determined. Normal-phase HPLC analysis confirmed that both PC and PE in the liver phospholipids were peroxidized after CCl4 treatment. Neither the thiobarbituric acid value of the liver homogenate nor the fatty acid composition of the liver phospholipid fraction showed any significant difference between CCl4-treated and control rats. It is concluded that normal-phase HPLC and reversed-phase HPLC can complement each other to serve as a direct and sensitive method for the determination of lipid peroxide levels in a biological source. However, it was difficult to distinguish phospholipid hydroperoxides from their hydroxy derivatives. PMID- 6517596 TI - Conversion of 1-naphthol to naphthoquinone metabolites by rat liver microsomes: demonstration by high-performance liquid chromatography with reductive electrochemical detection. AB - 1-Naphthol has recently been shown to be selectively toxic to short-term organ cultures of human colorectal tumor tissue. The mechanism underlying 1-naphthol's selective toxicity is as yet unknown, but may be due to the formation of naphthoquinone metabolites, which are known to be highly toxic to tumor cells. By using high-performance liquid chromatography with reductive electrochemical detection, it has been possible to show that 1-naphthol is converted to naphthoquinone metabolites by rat liver microsomes. At least two metabolic pathways, independent of cytochrome P-450, appear to be involved. Iron-dependent lipid peroxidation appears to be responsible for at least part of the conversion of 1-naphthol to predominantly 1,4-naphthoquinone, and it seems likely that superoxide anion radical generation by NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase could also catalyze this conversion. 1-Naphthol therefore seems to be converted to cytotoxic naphthoquinone metabolites by mechanism(s) dependent upon the generation of free radicals in rat liver microsomes. The results also demonstrate the utility of HPLC with reductive electrochemical detection for investigations of quinone metabolite formation and the measurement of quinones of both physiological and environmental interest. PMID- 6517597 TI - Sodium gradient-stimulated transport of L-carnitine into renal brush border membrane vesicles: kinetics, specificity, and regulation by dietary carnitine. AB - L-Carnitine transport by rat renal brush border membrane vesicles was stimulated by a Na+ gradient (extravesicular greater than intravesicular). Total carnitine entry was 2.7 and 3.2 times higher at 15 S in the presence of a 100 mM NaCl gradient than when the vesicles were incubated isoosmotically in buffered 100 mM KCl or buffered mannitol, respectively. Specific carnitine transport (total entry minus contribution from diffusion) was stimulated 3.6- and 5.7-fold, respectively. An "overshoot" was observed for total carnitine entry in the presence of a Na+ gradient but not in the presence of a K+ gradient or in the absence of an ion gradient. L-Carnitine transport was saturable. KT and Vmax for total carnitine transport were 0.11 mM and 11.6 pmol S-1 mg protein-1, respectively, and for Na+-gradient-dependent carnitine transport, 0.055 mM and 5.09 pmol S-1 mg protein-1, respectively. The transport process was structure specific for a quaternary nitrogen and carboxyl groups attached by a 4- to 6 carbon chain, but without other charged functional groups. Other evidence for a carrier-mediated process included trans-stimulation of transport by intravesicular carnitine and a peak of activity at near physiological temperature. Kinetic data derived from this study, coupled with data from previous physiological studies from this laboratory, suggests that carnitine transport by the brush border membrane is not limiting for carnitine reabsorption. Dietary carnitine (1% of diet for 10 days) reduced by 52% the rate of carnitine transport across the brush border membrane in vitro, without affecting rates of D-glucose, L-lysine, L-glutamic acid, or L-alanine transport. Down-regulation of carnitine transport may prevent excessive or toxic accumulation of L-carnitine in renal tubular cells exposed to high extracellular carnitine concentrations. PMID- 6517598 TI - Structural characterization of labeled clathrin and coated vesicles. AB - Clathrin (8 S) and coated vesicles have been covalently labeled by using the sulfhydryl-labeling fluorescent probe N-(1-anilinonaphthalene)maleimide. A large increase in energy transfer from Trp to anilinonaphthalene (AN) residues was observed in clathrin in the pH range approximately 6.5-6.0, where the rate of clathrin self-association increased rapidly. The change in energy transfer was indicative of a conformational rearrangement, which could be responsible for the initiation of the clathrin self-association reaction to form coat structure. The AN label was found in both the coat and membrane proteins after dissociation of coated vesicles at pH 8.5. The labeled coat and membrane proteins readily recombined to form coated vesicles after reducing the pH to 6.5, indicating that the labeling did not interfere with the ability of clathrin to self-associate and interact with uncoated vesicles to form coat structure. A comparison of the AN fluorescence with the Coomassie blue pattern after electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulfate-gels revealed that a 180,000-Da protein (clathrin) was mainly labeled in coated vesicles, while a 110,000-Da protein was also strongly labeled in uncoated vesicles. AN-labeled baskets and coated vesicles have been prepared. Trypsin digestion reduced the sedimentation rate of baskets from 150 S to 120 S and of coated vesicles from 200 S to 150 S. Gel electrophoresis of baskets and coated vesicles showed extensive conversion of clathrin (Mr 180,000) to a product of Mr approximately equal to 110,000, suggesting equivalent structural organization of the coat in coated vesicles as in baskets. In both cases, the peptide(s) released from the vesicles by digestion were essentially free of fluorescent label. In the case of the uncoated vesicles, tryptic digestion released most of the proteins remaining after coat removal. PMID- 6517599 TI - The role of copper and quaternary structure on the conformational properties of Octopus vulgaris hemocyanin. AB - Some structural properties of Octopus vulgaris hemocyanin have been investigated by fluorescence spectroscopy. The three-dimensional structure of Octopus hemocyanin is remarkably tight, resulting in a deep burial of almost all the tryptophyl residues of the protein. The hemocyanin conformation has been studied in the two main aggregation states (11 S, 50 S) of the protein, and with respect to the presence or absence of copper in the active site. Upon changing the pH of the solution, Octopus hemocyanin in the 50 S aggregation state can assume at least three different conformations. During the transition between each conformation the fluorescence quantum yield changes, but the environment of tryptophans does not change. Dissociation of the protein from 50 S to 11 S strongly enhances its susceptibility toward denaturating agents such as pH or temperature, and modifies the effects of fluorescence quenchers such as acrylamide. Moreover, these effects are more pronounced when copper is removed from the active site. A comparative analysis of the results shows that the subunit-subunit interactions exerted within the 50 S species are more important in the maintenance of the conformational stability than the copper ions present in the active sites. This behavior can be accounted for by the large amount of Ca(II) ions linked to 50 S hemocyanin. PMID- 6517600 TI - Induction of rabbit hepatic microsomal cytochrome P-450 by imidazole: enhanced metabolic activity and altered substrate specificity. AB - Pretreatment of rabbits with imidazole resulted in a twofold increase in hepatic microsomal cytochrome P-450 content, with the apparent induction of two or more distinct forms of the cytochrome [K. K. Hajek and R. F. Novak (1982) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 108, 664-672]. The metabolic properties of imidazole induced microsomes have been compared to those of uninduced, phenobarbital- and beta-naphthoflavone-induced preparations. Metabolic activity was enhanced as a consequence of increased P-450 content and as a result of the presence of different forms of the cytochrome. When rates were expressed per nanomole P-450 the following were observed: (a) p-nitroanisole O-demethylation was comparable in all preparations; (b) N,N-dimethylaniline N-demethylation was comparable in imidazole- and beta-naphthoflavone-induced, and uninduced microsomes; (c) polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon hydroxylase activity was approximately twofold greater in imidazole-induced relative to phenobarbital-induced microsomes, but was only one-half that of beta-naphthoflavone-induced microsomes; and (d) metabolism of N,N-dimethylnitrosamine was enhanced fivefold, alcohol oxidation increased three- to fivefold, and aniline hydroxylation was threefold greater in imidazole-induced microsomes compared to phenobarbital- or beta-naphthoflavone induced preparations. Eadie-Scatchard analysis yielded a single Km value for dimethylnitrosamine N-demethylase activity in imidazole-induced microsomes; in contrast, both high- and low-Km values were obtained for phenobarbital- or beta naphthoflavone-induced microsomal preparations. Dimethylnitrosamine N-demethylase activity was P-450 dependent; neither flavin monooxygenase nor monoamine oxidase appeared to contribute significantly to dimethylnitrosamine metabolism. Dimethyl sulfoxide was a competitive inhibitor of dimethylnitrosamine N-demethylase activity in imidazole-, phenobarbital-, and beta-naphthoflavone-induced microsomes. Dimethyl sulfoxide competitively inhibited ethanol oxidation in imidazole-induced microsomes; it was a noncompetitive inhibitor of ethanol oxidation in phenobarbital- or beta-naphthoflavone-induced microsomes. PMID- 6517601 TI - Lysophosphatidylcholine cell depolarization: increased membrane permeability for use in the determination of cell membrane potentials. AB - Current techniques for the determination of cellular membrane potentials based on the uptake of a radiolabeled lipophilic cation, [3H]triphenylmethylphosphonium, and the cyanine dye, DiOC5(3), were analyzed in terms of the proportions of these probes which are accumulated due to potential-dependent and potential-independent forces. Measurements were made of probe uptake in two model systems: rabbit type II pneumocytes and human promyelocytic HL60 cells. For both cell types, the membrane potential-independent component of triphenylmethylphosphonium uptake was found to be a function of several variables, including the length of exposure of the cells to the transport facilitator tetraphenylboron, the concentration of tetraphenylboron, and the integrity of the cell membrane. To accurately determine the magnitude of the potential-independent component of probe uptake by type II and HL60 cells, the cell-permeabilizing agent lysophosphatidylcholine was used. The ability of lysophosphatidylcholine to depolarize cell membranes and accurately predict membrane potential-independent accumulation was found to be equal to or superior to several other techniques commonly used to achieve membrane depolarization (e.g. gramicidin, valinomycin plus high external potassium). Lysophosphatidylcholine cell treatment was found to be a simple, rapid, and accurate technique to increase cell membrane permeability and allow equilibration of intra- and extracellular ions. The method is shown to be useful for determining membrane potential-independent accumulation of both radiolabeled and fluorescent probes of membrane potential. PMID- 6517602 TI - Thylakoid membranes: the translational site of chloroplast DNA-regulated thylakoid polypeptides. AB - Stromal ribosomes and those bound to thylakoid membranes were prepared from intact spinach chloroplasts which were purified on Percoll gradients. The products of read-out translation of these ribosomes supplemented with an Escherichia coli extract were analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Striking similarity was found between the polypeptides labeled in the read-out translation of the chloroplastic ribosomes and those synthesized in isolated chloroplasts. Among the polypeptides translated on thylakoid-bound ribosomes, apoprotein of chlorophyll-protein complex I, alpha and beta subunits of coupling factor 1, and 32,000-Da membrane polypeptide were identified from their mobility on the polyacrylamide gel. The large subunit of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase and other several stromal proteins were translated exclusively from stromal ribosomes. However, when the translation was programmed in cell-free systems from either E. coli, wheat germ, or rabbit reticulocytes by RNAs isolated separately from stroma and thylakoids, no qualitative difference was found between the products from those RNAs. These results suggest that thylakoid-bound ribosomes are the main sites of synthesis of thylakoid proteins and stromal-free ribosomes are that of stromal proteins, and that thylakoids and stroma contain mRNAs for the stromal and the thylakoid proteins, respectively, in a form not functioning in the chloroplasts. PMID- 6517603 TI - Rapid purification of a phospholipase-free alpha-bungarotoxin: maintenance of cation barriers of acetylcholine receptor membranes upon preincubation with purified toxin. AB - The purification of highly homogeneous, phospholipase-free alpha-bungarotoxin (alpha-Bgt) from the venom of the elapid Bungarus multicinctus or from commercial samples of alpha-Bgt is described. The method combines a conventional procedure for the purification of alpha-Bgt [D. Mebs, K. Narita, S. Iwanaga, Y. Samejima, and C. Y. Lee (1972) Hoppe-Seyler's Z. Physiol. Chem. 353, 243-262] with high resolution gel-filtration and cation-exchange chromatography steps to remove membrane-damaging, contaminating phospholipase activity. The procedure also removes contaminating radioactive peptides from commercial preparations of 125I alpha-Bgt. Apparent homogeneity of the purified alpha-Bgt (referred to as fraction D in the text), as well as the absence of contaminating phospholipase A2 activity, is assessed by (i) polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate, (ii) gel-filtration and cation-exchange high performance liquid chromatography, (iii) direct measurements of phospholipase A2 activity under conditions where very low enzymatic levels should be detected, (iv) lack of interference with the passive cation permeability properties of acetylcholine receptor membranes, (v) competitive inhibition of 125I-alpha-Bgt binding to the acetylcholine receptor membranes, and (vi) amino acid analysis and end-group (C- and N-terminus) determination. alpha-Bgt preparations subjected to these criteria do not exert the increase in membrane passive permeability to cations detected with other laboratory or commercial samples of alpha-Bgt. Availability of the new alpha-Bgt preparation allows for an assessment of the inertness of alpha-Bgt on lipid membrane properties while preventing cholinergic ligand binding to nicotinic acetylcholine receptor-rich membranes. These conditions are necessary for experiments requiring maintenance of the physical and phospholipid integrity of membranes. PMID- 6517604 TI - Copper increases superoxide dismutase activity in rat liver. AB - Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in rat liver cytosol and submitochondrial fractions was characterized as enzymatic and nonenzymatic (due to the SOD-like activity of copper) by four approaches: (i) aerobic NBT2+ (nitroblue tetrazolium) photoreduction in the absence of EDTA; (ii) aerobic NBT2+ photoreduction in the presence of 10(-4)M EDTA; (iii) anaerobic NBT2+ photoreduction; and (iv) o dianisidine photooxidation. Under normal conditions nonenzymatic SOD activity has been observed only in the intermembrane space. The single subcutaneous injection of rats with CuSO4 solution (5 mg Cu/kg body wt) led to (i) an elevation of the copper level in all submitochondrial fractions; (ii) an increase in enzymatic SOD activity in only cytosol and intermembrane spaces; (iii) the appearance of a new electrophoretic SOD activity band in the intermembrane space preparations; and (iv) the appearance of nonenzymatic SOD-like activity in the outer and inner mitochondrial membranes, and a twofold increase in lipid hydroperoxides. This suggests that the increased nonenzymatic copper in vivo has a prooxidant effect, and does not catalyze the dismutation of O2- as it has been shown in in vitro experiments [E. M. Russanov, S. G. Ljutakova, and S. I. Leutcher (1982) Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 215, 220-229]. The peculiarities of the SOD activity in the intermembrane space are explained by the lysosomal localization of the granular CuZnSOD. PMID- 6517605 TI - Substrate-dependent kinetic behavior of horse plasma cholinesterase: evidence for kinetically distinct populations of active sites. AB - The inhibition of horse plasma cholinesterase by propranolol showed characteristics which depended upon the identity of the substrate used. With butyrylthiocholine as substrate, the inhibition showed a first-order dependence on inhibitor concentration, and was characterized by a Ki of 8 microM (pH 7.4, 20 degrees C). With p-nitrophenylbutyrate as substrate, a biphasic v-1 versus [I] relationship was obtained. The biphasic curve could be resolved into two components, with apparent Ki's of 9 microM and 1.3 mM. Use of butyrylthiocholine as alternative substrate resulted in partial inhibition of p-nitrophenylbutyrate hydrolysis. Inhibition of butyrylthiocholine hydrolysis by p-nitrophenylbutyrate could be accounted for by pure competitive inhibition at two sites. The results were interpreted in terms of a four-site, low-symmetry model, in which two active sites could process both substrates, and the remaining sites could process only p nitrophenylbutyrate. PMID- 6517606 TI - Low-level luminescence from microsomes exposed to enzymatic systems that generate triplet species. AB - Microsomes exposed to the propanal/horseradish peroxidase/O2 system develop a weak chemiluminescence. The underlying process is distinct from that occurring during lipid peroxidation because the emission intensity peaks at around 560 nm, rather than in the red, and no malonaldehyde is formed. Triplet acetaldehyde appears to be responsible for the induction of the process, which in turn leads to excitation of a component in microsomes, possibly a flavoprotein. PMID- 6517607 TI - Characterization of three intermediates in the biosynthesis of teichuronic acid of Micrococcus luteus. AB - Teichuronic acid, the Micrococcus luteus cell wall polysaccharide which consists of D-glucose and N-acetyl-D-mannosaminuronic acid, is synthesized in vitro from uridine diphosphate N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, uridine diphosphate N-acetyl-D mannosaminuronic acid, and uridine diphosphate D-glucose in a series of reactions catalyzed by a particulate enzyme preparation. Several lipid-linked intermediates are formed, of which the first three are called components A, B, and C. The formation of these intermediates is inhibited by tunicamycin. The lipid moiety of the intermediates is approximately 95% undecaprenol and 5% dodecaprenol as determined by mass spectrometry. The oligosaccharide moieties of components B and C are the disaccharide, N-acetyl-D-mannosaminuronyl-(1,3)-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, and the trisaccharide, N-acetyl-D-mannosaminuronyl-(1,4)-N-acetyl-D mannosaminuronyl++ +-(1, 3)-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, respectively, as determined by the complete degradation of the former and partial degradation of the latter by the alkaline beta-elimination reaction. The saccharide and lipid moieties of the intermediates are linked through pyrophosphate. Thus, component A is P1-N acetyl-alpha-D-glucosaminyl P2-undecaprenyl diphosphate, component B is P1-N acetyl-D-mannosaminuronyl-(1, 3)-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosaminyl P2-undecaprenyl diphosphate, and component C is P1-N-acetyl-D-mannosaminuronyl-(1,4)-N-acetyl-D mannosaminurony l-(1, 3)-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosaminyl P2-undecaprenyl diphosphate. PMID- 6517608 TI - Equilibration of [3H]glucosamine and [35S]sulfate with intracellular pools of UDP N-acetylhexosamine and 3'-phosphoadenosine-5'-phosphosulfate (PAPS) in cultured fibroblasts. AB - Nucleotides and sugar nucleotides were extracted from cultures of human fibroblasts with perchloric acid, separated by isotachophoresis, and quantified by uv absorption analysis at 254 nm. ATP (936 pmol/micrograms DNA) was, as expected, the dominating nucleotide pool. The energy charge was estimated to 0.9. The UDP-N-acetylhexosamine pool was also a very prominent compound (596 pmol/micrograms DNA). After incubation of fibroblasts with [3H]glucosamine, more than 95% of the acid-soluble radioactivity was found in the UDP-N acetylhexosamine pool. Incubation with [35S]sulfate resulted in the incorporation of [35S]sulfate into 3'-phosphoadenosine-5'-phosphosulfate (PAPS). The latter could, however, only be measured as radioactivity, as the amount was too small to be quantified as total mass. Pulse-labeling of fibroblasts with [35S]sulfate and [3H]glucosamine from 5 min to 16 h showed that [35S]PAPS was equilibrated in less than 10 min, while [3H]glucosamine required a longer time, 2-4 h, to attain a steady state with UDP-N-acetylhexosamine. [14C]Glucose required approximately the same time as [3H]glucosamine to reach steady state with UDP-acetylhexosamine, which suggests that the reason for the long equilibration time is the slow turnover of this pool. PMID- 6517609 TI - [The Chilean community of biologists]. PMID- 6517611 TI - Influence of pH on porphyrin production in Propionibacterium acnes. AB - Propionibacterium acnes was grown on Eagle's medium for 4-15 days at pH 5.3-7.2 The porphyrin production was measured both by direct fluorometry and by high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). The greatest concentration of porphyrins was produced at pH 6.1. Protoporphyrin was the dominant porphyrin species present in the bacteria in all samples. The relative amount of coproporphyrin was greatest at pH 6.7 after 4 days of incubation. In human skin there are local variations in the pH; therefore our findings may be of importance for porphyrin production in acne. PMID- 6517610 TI - Interaction between C1-INA, coagulation, fibrinolysis and kinin system in hereditary angioneurotic edema (HANE) and urticaria. AB - The C1-inactivator plays an important role not only in the initial phases of the complement system, but also in those of the coagulation, fibrinolysis and kinin systems. The present study was concerned with the reciprocal influence of decreased C1-inactivator levels in patients with hereditary angioneurotic edema (HANE, HAE). In 13 HANE-I patients there were significantly increased levels of the coagulation factors XII, XI, V, of plasminogen and of alpha 2-antiplasmin, while the factors IX and VII were decreased. Conversely, it emerged that in patients with markedly raised prephase factor levels, angioneurotic edema occurred in the presence of normal or only slightly decreased C1-inactivator levels. However, the ratio between factor XI and C1-INA activity was significantly higher than in normal and urticaria patients. Factor XII, HMWK, XI, VIII and V levels were significantly raised in 10 patients with frank chronic urticaria, while factor VII was lowered. Numerous other factors and inhibitors of the coagulation, fibrinolysis and kinin systems were, however, normal or showed no significant differences. PMID- 6517612 TI - The local antiandrogenic effect of the intracutaneous injection of progesterone in the flank organ of sexually mature male Syrian golden hamster. AB - The local antiandrogenic action of progesterone was investigated using the androgen-responsive flank organs of adult, sexually mature male Syrian golden hamsters. The effect of the unilateral injections of a micronized suspension of progesterone into the flank organs was analyzed by the measurement of the weight, area of surface pigmentation, and the cross-sectional area of the sebaceous glands. The weekly injections of 5 mg of progesterone for a period of 3 weeks produced approximately 50% reduction in all three parameters in comparison to the controls. The minimal effective dose of 1 mg per week was determined by the injection of progesterone at doses ranging from 0.1 to 5 mg. These effects were localized only to the treated flank organs since the values for the contralateral side were not significantly different from the controls. The local action of progesterone was further demonstrated by the absence of effect on the weight of seminal vesicles and testes of the treated animals in comparison to the controls. PMID- 6517613 TI - Incorporation of 3H-thymidine into DNA: inhibition by dithranol and its di- and triacetate. PMID- 6517614 TI - Growth hormone levels in psoriasis. PMID- 6517615 TI - Environmental chemistry of 1,2-propanediol dinitrate: azeotrope formation, photolysis and biodegradability. PMID- 6517616 TI - Uptake, elimination, and metabolism of 14C-picric acid and 14C-picramic acid in the American oyster (Crassostrea virginica). PMID- 6517618 TI - Short-term and long-term effects of cadmium on glycogen reserves and liver size in rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri Richardson). PMID- 6517617 TI - Histologic and skeletal abnormalities in benzo(a)pyrene-treated rainbow trout alevins. PMID- 6517620 TI - [Effect of haloperidol and pimozide on the cardiac action of dopamine in the isolated auricle]. PMID- 6517621 TI - [Ticlopidine as something more than a platelet antiaggregant]. PMID- 6517619 TI - Sublethal effects of cadmium ingestion on mallard ducks. PMID- 6517622 TI - [The kinetics of pindolol distribution in the rat]. PMID- 6517623 TI - [The effects of furosemide and reserpine on plasma concentrations of vasopressin and aldosterone]. PMID- 6517624 TI - [Complications of the cutaneous stoma in urinary diversion]. PMID- 6517625 TI - [Tissue polypeptide antigen as a marker for prostatic neoplasms. Preliminary study]. PMID- 6517626 TI - [Current experience in the diagnosis and treatment of renal tumors]. PMID- 6517627 TI - [Vesico-ureteral reflux following transurethral resection of bladder carcinoma]. PMID- 6517628 TI - [Urodynamic study of the neurogenic bladder. IV. Radiologic-urodynamic correlation]. PMID- 6517629 TI - [Multicystic renal dysplasia and associated abnormalities]. PMID- 6517630 TI - [Sexual activity in older prostatectomized men]. PMID- 6517631 TI - [Peritonism following transurethral resection in bladder neoplasms]. PMID- 6517632 TI - [Endoscopy appendix]. PMID- 6517634 TI - [The general practitioner confronted by disasters and chemical accidents]. PMID- 6517633 TI - [Responsibility for one's own health. Typology as synthesis]. PMID- 6517635 TI - [Life expectancy of mentally handicapped persons]. PMID- 6517637 TI - [The riboflavin (vitamin B2) content of milk]. PMID- 6517636 TI - [Sensitivity to avian sensitin in tuberculin reactors in Belgium. A study by the Dutch-speaking Coordination Commission for Tuberculosis Control]. PMID- 6517638 TI - [Medical ethics and scientific research]. PMID- 6517639 TI - [The development of preventive-medical thinking in the last decades]. PMID- 6517640 TI - [Effects of amrinone, a new non-digitalic positive inotropic agent, on the efficiency and coronary circulation of the heart]. AB - It has been reported recently that 5-amino-34,4'-bipyridine-6(1H)-one is a new positive inotropic agent that appears to offer significant advantages over the cardiac glycosides. The effects of this agent were studied in a modified heart lung preparation which allows the measurement of coronary flow and oxygen consumption in addition to a controlled study of cardiac contractility. In two models of cardiac insufficiency the administration of 5 mg amrinone caused a marked increase in cardiac output and a considerable decrease in left atrial pressure with complete reversal of the failure. In addition, the drug produces a 78% increase in coronary flow. Amrinone produces in these preparations a proportionally larger increase in cardiac output than in oxygen consumption, thus this agent increases cardiac efficiency. These results suggest that this new compound could be very useful in the treatment of cardiac insufficiency in congestive heart failure. PMID- 6517642 TI - [Electro-vectorcardiographic behavior of right bundle branch block in endocardial cushion defects. Its probable relation to the so-called left anterior fascicular hemiblock]. AB - We have investigated the possible ECG signs of incomplete Left Anterior Hemiblock (LAH). As an experimental model we chose the endocardial cushion defect, which is proved to have a ventricular activation correspondent to different degrees of LAH due to the particular disposition of the AV node and the His bundle. The VCG of 50 patients with endocardial cushion defect were divided into 5 groups according to the entity of the left and superior deviation of the maximum left vector. Comparison with the ECG signs shows that: a) minimal degrees of LAH occur with simple counterclockwise rotation of the frontal loop without a significant left axis deviation; b) there is no linear correlation between the importance of the left axis deviation and the signs of left ventricular activation asincronism. We conclude that, with the exception of this particular congenital heart disease, minimal LAH degrees can only be suspected on the basis of a counterclockwise VCG frontal loop, because the ECG diagnosis is possible only when the left axis deviation becomes important. PMID- 6517641 TI - [Importance of various myocardial factors in "primary" congestive cardiomyopathies]. AB - Thirty one cases of congestive cardiomyopathy previously diagnosed as "idiopathic" were retrospectively studied in order to determine the prevalence of the following pathologic myocardial factors (MFs): severe alcoholism (A), systemic arterial hypertension (SAH) and obstructive coronariopathy (OC). Sixteen (51%), 14(45%) and 9(29%) cases had an association with A, SAH and OC, respectively. Any of these MFs was present in 48% of cases, 2 of them in 19% and 3 in 13% of cases. Some peculiarities of the clinical findings, a particular interpretation of such findings by the attending physician and a modification of the psychological status of some patients were the main causes which prevented the recognition of these MFs. Besides, 67% of the cases had at least one of the following "minor" factors which contributed to the myocardial damage: mitral insufficiency, pulmonary embolism, atrial-ventricular block and diabetes mellitus. A careful investigation of these MFs should be done before a diagnosis of idiopathic congestive cardiomyopathy is considered. In some cases there is more than one pathogenic factor. PMID- 6517643 TI - [Hospital course of acute myocardial infarction treated with or without anticoagulants]. AB - Three hundred patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) were studied. Half of them received anticoagulant treatment with heparin and acenocoumarin (Group I) The other 150 patients did not have anticoagulant therapy (Group II) Both groups were similar in age, sex, prior history of diabetes, arterial hypertension or smoking habits. The incidence of persistent angina, arrhythmias, pulmonary embolism and re-infarction was not different for both groups. The mortality was slightly higher in group II. Of the patients who died, the autopsy demonstrated fresh thrombi in all cases of both groups; in addition, most of the patients of group II hemorrhage of the coronary artery wall was found. PMID- 6517644 TI - [Predictive value of the increase in diastolic arterial pressure during the exercise test in ischemic cardiopathy]. AB - There are few studies on the behavior of the diastolic blood pressure during the stress test. The purpose of this report is to present a simple, noninvasive technique of measuring the mean diastolic arterial blood pressure at rest, during maximal exercise testing and in the first minute of recovery (X delta DAP). We studied 132 patients with exercise testing (E/T) and coronariography (C). Of these, 116 had coronary artery disease and 16 did not. The following data were analyzed: Age (A) X delta DAP, X2, p value, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PV+), and negative predictive value (PV-). As we analyzed our patients with coronary arterial disease, we found that in 75% of the cases, the X delta DAP increased more than 15 mmHg, immediately after maximal effort, and 86% of these cases had poor myocardial contratility by angiocardiogram. We conclude that the increase of X delta DAP has a significant value in a ischemic heart disease. PMID- 6517645 TI - [Cured brain abscess in a boy with congenital cyanotic cardiopathy]. AB - We present a patient with severe tricuspid stenosis whom at the age of 13 developed a brain abscess successfully treated by surgical means. PMID- 6517646 TI - Investigation of the muscle relaxant activity of nitrazepam. AB - Administered intravenously in decerebrate cats nitrazepam or diazepam (0.0625 to 0.5 mg/kg) produced dose-related inhibition of the ipsilateral extensor reflex. Nitrazepam (0.25 mg/kg i.v.) produced a significantly greater (P less than 0.001) inhibition than that produced by diazepam (0.25 mg/kg i.v.). Nitrazepam or diazepam (0.0625-4 mg/kg i.v.) had no effect on the contractions of directly stimulated (120 V, 5 msec, 0.1 Hz) quadriceps femoris muscle and on the contractions of tibialis anterior muscle produced by stimulating the cut peripheral end of the lateral popliteal nerve (8 V, 1.5 msec, 0.1 Hz). Nitrazepam or diazepam (0.125-0.5 mg/kg i.v.) produced dose-related depressor responses in cats anaesthetized with chloralose or pentobarbitone. Nitrazepam produced a depressor response at 0.0625 mg/kg dose while diazepam did not. The drugs did not appear to have any deleterious effect on the veins removed 6 hr after the first exposure to the drugs as evidenced by lack of histological changes. It is concluded that nitrazepam and diazepam produce central muscle relaxation by inhibiting polysynaptic pathways in the spinal cord. The potency of nitrazepam appears to be greater than that of diazepam. Definitive evidence has been provided that the peripheral neuromuscular or direct muscular actions are not involved in the muscular relaxation produced by the two drugs. PMID- 6517647 TI - Glucuronidation and elimination of diflunisal in the isolated perfused rat liver: effect of pretreatment with phenobarbitone, clofibric acid and spironolactone. AB - The effects of pretreatment of rats with phenobarbitone, clofibric acid and spironolactone on the metabolism and biliary excretion of the salicylate derivative diflunisal have been studied using the isolated perfused liver. The clearance of diflunisal was increased significantly by pretreatment with each of the drugs. Biliary excretion of diflunisal acyl and phenolic glucuronides followed apparent first-order and Michaelis-Menten kinetics, respectively. Pretreatment with clofibric acid or spironolactone resulted in a significant increase in the biliary excretion of the phenolic glucuronide. Pretreatment with phenobarbitone or spironolactone enhanced biliary excretion of the acyl glucuronide, particularly during the first 2 hr. The concentration of the phenolic glucuronide in the perfusate increased steadily during the 6 hr perfusions, whereas the acyl glucuronide concentration was relatively stable, reflecting the ease of hydrolysis of acyl glucuronides under physiological conditions. PMID- 6517648 TI - Poor vasoconstrictor response to adrenergic stimulation in the arteriovenous anastomoses present in the carotid vascular bed of young Yorkshire pigs. AB - Studies using electromagnetic flowmeters and radioactive labeled microspheres (15 +/- 1 micron) have revealed that about 80% of the total common carotid artery blood flow in young domestic pigs (12-14 weeks) is shunted through arteriovenous anastomoses (AVAs). To investigate the influence of the sympathetic nervous system we measured the distribution of carotid blood flow before and after cervical sympathetic nerve stimulation (2-16 Hz), intracarotid infusions of noradrenaline (0.025-0.2 micrograms X kg-1 X min-1) or intracarotid bolus injections of noradrenaline (0.3 and 1.0 micrograms X kg-1) and clonidine (1 and 5 micrograms X kg-1). The first two interventions did not exert any effect, but bolus injections of noradrenaline and clonidine, achieving high local concentrations temporarily, caused a short-lasting decrease in AVA-flow, which was attenuated by phentolamine (1 mg X kg-1). It is concluded that the sympathetic nervous system in the carotid vascular bed of young Yorkshire pigs is poorly developed. PMID- 6517649 TI - Selectivity of alinidine, a bradycardic agent, for SA nodal automaticity versus other cardiac activities in isolated, blood-perfused dog-heart preparations. AB - Selectivity of alinidine for SA nodal automaticity vs. other cardiac activities was investigated using isolated, blood-perfused SA node, AV node and papillary muscle preparations of the dog. The drug was administered intra-arterially. In SA node preparations alinidine (1 microgram-1 mg) produced a dose-dependent decrease of sinus rate down to about 74% of the basal value at 1 mg, but no atrial standstill. In AV node preparations alinidine, injected into the posterior septal artery (PSA) which supplies the AV node, prolonged AV conduction time up to about 124% of the basal value but only in large doses (30 micrograms-1 mg). In the same preparations, when injected into the anterior septal artery, which supplies structures from the His bundle down to the ventricular septum (the intraventricular conduction system), alinidine in large doses (300 micrograms-1 mg) also prolonged AV conduction time nearly to the same extent as when injected into the PSA. In both cases neither second- nor third-degree AV block occurred. In paced papillary muscle preparations alinidine reduced the force of contraction down to about 64% of the basal value but in large doses (100 micrograms-1 mg). In spontaneously beating papillary muscle preparations alinidine reduced the rate of ventricular automaticity down to about 78% of the basal value but in large doses (100 micrograms-1 mg). Alinidine (100 micrograms-1 mg) produced a transient increase in blood flow in these preparations but not in SA node preparations. The cardiac effects of alinidine were longer-lasting than its vascular effect and the reduction of sinus rate was particularly long-lasting. The order of selectivity of alinidine determined from the above results is as follows: SA nodal automaticity much greater than ventricular automaticity greater than intraventricular conduction divided by AV nodal conduction divided by cardiac muscle contraction divided by coronary blood flow. Such a cardiovascular profile of alinidine is different from that of AQ-A 39, another bradycardic agent, which is nearly equi-effective on both SA nodal and ventricular automaticity. PMID- 6517650 TI - Histochemical localization of acetylcholinesterase in the cochlear and superior olivary nuclei. A reappraisal with emphasis on the cochlear granule cell system. AB - The present account reconsiders the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) staining pattern of the cochlear nuclei with special emphasis on positively stained afferents from the olivocochlear neurons to the cochlear granule cells system. The main part of the study is based on AChE- and silver-stained sections of normal and brainstem operated cats. AChE-stained sections of normal mouse, cat and chinchilla are used for comparative purposes. The rat superior olive contains three types of AChE positive neurons probably contributing to the olivocochlear bundle; densely stained large neurons of the periolivary region, densely stained small neurons at the margin of the lateral superior olive (LSO), and weakly stained small neurons within LSO. Largely uncrossed fibers, probably collaterals of the olivocochlear bundle, enter the cochlear nuclei via three routes, defined here as the strial, subpeduncular and ventral routes. Collectively they form a terminal fiber plexus in certain portions of the granule cell domain, but with some fibers branching in the extragranular regions of the nuclear complex as well. The individual fibers end in a fashion resembling cerebellar mossy fibers. The cochlear nuclei in addition contain conspicuous dense patches of precipitate, which, like the AChE positive fibers, appear after short incubation and are mainly restricted to the granule cell domain. In contrast to the fibers, however, they are resistant to central deafferentation and therefore may represent intrinsic structures of the granule cell system. Moreover, there is a diffuse neuropil precipitate which grows in distribution and density with incubation time. It is present both in granular and extragranular areas of the complex and is partly dependent upon the integrity of the weakly stained trapezoid body. In spite of considerable interspecies variations with regard to the described AChE-positive elements, these are present also in mouse, cat, and chinchilla. The significance of the findings and of the interspecies differences are discussed. A simplified terminology of the superior olivary complex is proposed. PMID- 6517651 TI - Cortical wave amplitude and eye movement direction are correlated in REM sleep but not in waking. AB - Eye movement related potentials were recorded bilaterally from the lateral geniculate body and visual cortex in five cats during REM sleep and waking. During REM sleep polygraphic recordings showed that these potentials have significantly greater amplitudes (primary waves) in the visual cortex and lateral geniculate body ipsilateral to the direction of the corresponding rapid eye movements. This amplitude difference was seen as a mean increase of 38.2% over the contralateral side and was found in 94.0% of wave pairs. The correlation between horizontal eye movement direction and amplitude of the waves is specific to REM sleep as there were no measurable differences in the waking state. These results are discussed with respect to possible mechanisms and functions of this lateralized wave system and its state dependency. PMID- 6517652 TI - Motor effects of electrical and cholinergic stimulation of the cat's dorsal hippocampus. AB - The effect of electrical stimulation of the dorsal hippocampus was studied in 17 adult cats with implanted electrodes and those effects of carbachol and dioxolane in a group of ten adult cats with a cannula and electrodes implanted in the above cited structure. Electrical stimulation induced a contralateral head-eye-body turning response in 3 cats (17.6%), only when it was associated with afterdischarge. On the other hand the cholinergic agonists evoked contralateral head-eye-body turning in nine out of ten cats in whom the injections were administered into the hippocampus. The fact that dioxolane, an exclusive muscarinic agonist evoked this behavior and that atropine sulfate blocked this response, favours the postulation that turning is due to activation of muscarinic receptors inside the dorsal hippocampus. Comparison was done between the hippocampal group with a group similarly studied with electrodes implanted in the pulvinar-lateralis posterior nucleus complex (P-LP), and in the caudate nucleus, in which the electrical stimulation evoked contralateral head-eye-body turning response without any EEG activation. PMID- 6517653 TI - Specific and non-specific inhibition induced by LP-pulvinar inputs to area 7 of the rhesus monkey. AB - Evidence is presented that inputs from the LP and/or medial or lateral pulvinar nuclei to area 7 neurons may induce not only previously reported enhancement effects but also an assortment of inhibitory effects. Among the latter, both nonspecific and highly specific inhibitions were observed. The high order nature of the network under consideration is reflected by the great variety of types of inhibition observed: non specific general and also specific types of inhibition. Among the specific types preferential inhibition was observed in which the visually evoked but not the spontaneous discharges were affected. In another highly specific type of inhibition, there is cancellation of an added value to the visual response by a cognitive component of the stimulus, a type termed negation. The large variety of interactions observed is interpreted on the basis of massive and varied converging inputs to these cells from the above-mentioned brain regions. An hypothesis is proposed on the basis of these data that the posterior parietal neurons respond to visual stimuli in a way that is uniquely modifiable by a large variety of other added stimuli related to behavioral parameters of the situation and to the various grades of complexity of the visual stimulus. It is assumed that interaction of interneurons of a variety of types is responsible for this large repertoire of processing capacity. PMID- 6517654 TI - The functional role of the visceral nervous system. A critical evaluation of Cannon's "homeostatic" and "emergency" theories. AB - Cannon's view of the sympatico-adrenal system's functional role, the homeostatic concept and model, has been reexamined. The living being is an "open system" in which homeostasis, constancy of the internal psycho-chemical conditions, is essential for survival. This constancy is threatened by endangering stimuli. To safeguard it, physiological regulatory processes, work for stability, utility, and coordination: the body is wise. Along this teleological view, the sympathetic nervous system is the most important homeostatic agent. Sympathectomized animals, however, showed no evidence of instability of the fluid matrix. Cannon concluded that the sympathetic system is not essential for life and in emergency function is its main value for the individual. Homeostatic and emergency theory, when analyzed, reveal profoundly contradictory aspects. Emergency function cannot be interpreted homeostatically, because, in emergencies, is the sympathetic system which promotes changes, rather than resists them. Sympathectomized animals do not lack constancy of the fluid matrix; they lack rather the possibility to compensate, along patterns of responses, the internal organization of the visceral apparatus. In strong emotional reactions, moreover, it is the sympathetic system itself which may induce marked derangements in visceral function that damage the organism's stability. The a priori accepted view that all physiological regulatory processes, by necessity, work for the welfare of the body - the teleological explanation - masked the experimental evidence. The conclusion is drawn that homeostatic and emergency theories described only in part the functional role of the sympathetic nervous system in all its possible functional expressions. PMID- 6517655 TI - Introduction of plasmid pC194 into Bacillus thuringiensis by protoplast transformation and plasmid transfer. AB - The Staphylococcus aureus plasmid pC194 which codes for resistance to chloramphenicol was introduced into six Bacillus thuringiensis strains representing five varieties by protoplast transformation. Six other varieties could not be transformed. pC194 could be identified in transformed strains as autonomous plasmid. The transformed clones contained in addition a new extrachromosomal element of somewhat lower electrophoretic mobility hybridizing with pC194, and pC194 in multimeric forms. pC194 was also transferred from one B. thuringiensis variety to another and from Bacillus thuringiensis to Bacillus subtilis and vice versa by a conjugation-like process, requiring close cell-to cell contact. PMID- 6517656 TI - Mycolic acid patterns of some species of Mycobacterium. AB - Representative strains of some species of Mycobacterium were degraded by both acid and alkaline methanolysis. Two-dimensional thin-layer chromatography was used to determine the patterns of mycolic acids and other long-chain components in these methanolysates. Patterns composed of alpha-, methoxy- and ketomycolates were found in Mycobacterium asiaticum, Mycobacterium bovis, Mycobacterium gastri, Mycobacterium gordonae, Mycobacterium kansasii, Mycobacterium marinum and Mycobacterium tuberculosis; a representative of Mycobacterium thermoresistibile also contained lower molecular weight alpha'-mycolates in addition to these three acids. In representatives of Mycobacterium avium, Mycobacterium intracellulare, Mycobacterium nonchromogenicum, "Mycobacterium novum", Mycobacterium paratuberculosis, Mycobacterium scrofulaceum, Mycobacterium terrae, Mycobacterium xenopi, and Mycobacterium sp. MNC 165 alpha- and ketomycolates were accompanied by omega-carboxymycolates and 2-eicosanol and homologous alcohols which are derived from wax-ester mycolates. Mycobacterium fortuitum and "Mycobacterium giae" contained alpha'- and epoxymycolates and both serovars of Mycobacterium simiae had a very characteristic pattern of alpha-, alpha'- and ketomycolic acids. Comparison with data for other mycobacteria showed the chemotaxonomic significance of these mycolic acid patterns. PMID- 6517657 TI - Identification of a heat-labile cellular nuclease in Staphylococcus aureus with properties similar to the extracellular nuclease (EC 3.1.4.7). AB - Besides the well-known heat-stable extracellular staphylococcal nuclease (EC 3.1.4.7) and cell surface bound nuclease, one more nuclease, which is heat labile, has been identified and purified on phosphorylated cellulose column and characterized. Analyses by Sephadex G-75 gel chromatography indicates that the heat-labile cellular nuclease has molecular weight of about 16,000 similar to those of extracellular and cell-surface bound nucleases. Like the heat-stable nucleases, the heat-labile enzyme acts on both DNA and RNA, is more active on heat-denatured DNA, requires Ca2+ ions for activity and maximum catalytic activity is observed at pH 9.8-10 and at 45 degrees C. The results suggest that the three enzymes have properties strikingly similar to one another and therefore may be related structurally. PMID- 6517658 TI - Sulphur oxidation by a Streptomyces sp. growing in a carbon-deficient medium and autoclaved soil. AB - Streptomyces colonies, apparently all of the same species, were isolated from a range of soils using a polysulphide medium lacking an organic carbon source. Growth on this medium, and clearing of the otherwise white, opaque overlay, suggested that the organisms were capable of growing autotrophically. However, investigation of one of these isolates showed that it was unable to fix 14CO2 and did not possess the enzyme ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase, showing that it was incapable of autotrophic growth. The isolate oxidized elemental sulphur, thiosulphate and tetrathionate to sulphate in vitro in carbon-deficient medium, and also oxidized elemental sulphur to sulphate when inoculated into autoclaved soil supplemented with sulphur. It also oxidized polysulphide when growing on Czapek Dox and plate count agars. The isolate can therefore grow heterotrophically in both carbon-rich media and in media lacking organic carbon - presumably by scavenging organic carbon from the laboratory atmosphere. The possible role of these organisms in sulphur oxidation in soils is commented upon. PMID- 6517659 TI - [Neurophysiologic study in patients with chronic renal failure (CRF). Electroencephalographic and anatomopathologic study in dogs receiving different doses of heparin]. PMID- 6517660 TI - [Morphologic evolution of the human pineal gland. II. Calcium concretions, pigment and nuclear polarization]. PMID- 6517662 TI - [Occipital spikes in the blind during sleep]. PMID- 6517661 TI - ["Spindle coma": prognostic value]. PMID- 6517663 TI - [Posttraumatic oculomotor paralysis. Clinical and electromyographic study]. PMID- 6517664 TI - [36th annual meeting of the Spanish Society of Neurology. Barcelona, 14-15 December 1984. Abstracts]. PMID- 6517665 TI - Perisinusoidal cells in a three-dimensional organization of the adrenal cortex in the monkey. AB - The adrenal cortex in the macaque monkey was examined under the SEM and TEM to elucidate the surface fine structure of perisinusoidal cells in a three dimensional organization of the cortex. Parenchymal cells in polyhedral form were arranged in acini in the zona glomerulosa, or in the laminae of closely stacked cells in the zona fasciculata and reticularis. Those acini and laminae were accompanied by sinusoids lined only with an endothelium. Endothelial cells were composed of a protruded perikaryon and a thin layer of peripheral cytoplasm in sieve plates with numerous fenestrations. The perikaryon was sometimes equipped with groups of fenestrated disc-like protrusions. Fine collagen fibrils were distributed in the perisinusoidal space, which was a continuous, slit-like lacune between the endothelial and parenchymal cells. In the perisinusoidal space or intercellular spaces among parenchymal cells were seen two types of perisinusoidal cells: the stellate interstitial cells with several spiny, or attenuated processes entangled with collagen fibrils, and the monstrous wandering cells usually associated with pseudopodia-like processes. The cytoplasm of the interstitial cells showed a structure similar to that of fibroblasts, and contained small numbers of lipid droplets. Intravenously injected chicken blood cells were phagocytized by macrophages on the sinusoidal lining. The fine cytological structure of the macrophages was almost the same as that of the wandering cells. The present findings suggest that the interstitial cells are fibroblastic in nature and belong to the vitamin-A storing cell system, and that the wandering cells are macrophages derived from hematogenous monocytes. PMID- 6517666 TI - A transmission electron microscopic study on sinusoidal cells of guinea pig liver, with special reference to the occurrence of a canalicular system and "pored domes" in the endothelium. AB - Hepatic sinusoidal cells in the guinea pig were examined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). A meandering canalicular system was detected in the sinusoidal endothelial cell both in thicker portions of cytoplasmic extensions and in small areas of the perikaryon. It consisted of meandering canaliculi with vacuolar expansions and constrictions, which penetrated the endothelial cytoplasm, forming as a whole a network. The canaliculi possessed more than two openings which usually communicated with the sinusoid, but occasionally poured themselves into the Disse's space. This network of canaliculi seems to permit infiltration of blood plasma. The "pored domes" recorded by Fujita and his collaborators on the glomerular endothelium of the rat and rabbit kidney were also revealed on the perikaryonal cytoplasm of the sinusoidal endothelium of guinea pig liver. Osmium blackened lipid droplets were found in the sinusoidal endothelium, which suggested the release of lipid into the sinusoid. Short-term administrations of excessive vitamin A exerted no influence on the endothelial lipid droplets. The guinea pig is a rodent species which stores a very small amount of lipid droplets in its fat-storing cells and the so-called empty fat-storing cells were frequently detected. A single cilium was often found in the fat-storing cells in the guinea pig as in other species. PMID- 6517667 TI - A morphological study of the ultimobranchial body in the grass parakeet. AB - As parafollicular cells can be stained by Grimelius' silver impregnation and by lead-hematoxylin, the ultimobranchial body cells, homologous to them, seem to also react positively to these methods. In the present study of the ultimobranchial body of the grass parakeet, mirror-image sections were stained by both methods and compared. While about 50% of the cells reacted positively to both Grimelius' silver impregnation and lead-hematoxylin staining, only about 20% were positive to the former and about 30% were positive to the latter only. This result indicating heterogeneity among the cells of the ultimobranchial body of the grass parakeet suggests a possible occurrence of cells secreting substances other than calcitonin. PMID- 6517668 TI - Scanning electron microscopy of the rat exocrine pancreas. AB - The three-dimensional architecture of the rat exocrine pancreas was studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with the HCl digestion method. The treatment with HCl effectively removed connective tissue elements enclosing the ducts and the acini. Thus their shapes and relations were clearly revealed under the SEM. Furthermore fine surface features of the acinar or ductal cells were also demonstrated. Although recent studies have suggested that the pancreas might be reticular in architecture due to anastomoses between adjacent ducts or acini, the present investigation confirmed that rat pancreas is a compound acinar (alveolar) gland. Excretory ducts extended into interlobular spaces, branching dichotomously. Intercalated ducts, which showed an almost constant thickness, issued directly from the excretory ducts, entered the pancreatic lobuli, and branched several times to connect with numerous acini of varying size and shape. Basal surfaces of the excretory ducts showed conspicuous reticular undulation, while those of the intercalated ducts were smooth except for some areas with fine unevenness near the epithelial cell boundaries. It remains to be elucidated whether these basal structures of the intercalated ducts are involved in their assumed function, i.e., the secretion of water and bicarbonate in pancreatic juice. The acinar lumen was a narrow secretory canaliculus covered with finger like microvilli. Intercellular canaliculi branched from the central canaliculus, taking a straight course toward the acinar cell base, and ended blindly. Some canaliculi extended to the close vicinity of the basement membrane, providing a locus minor is resistantiae for the leakage of pancreatic enzymes into blood. The SEM findings on the canalicular system were confirmed by light microscopic observation of the pancreatic excretory passages stained by the rapid Golgi method, and by three-dimensional reconstruction of the pancreatic acini from serial semithin sections. PMID- 6517670 TI - Derivatives of 2-amino-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene, IX: Structure-activity relationships of cis- and trans-2-amino-5,8-dimethoxytetralin-3-ols and some analogues. PMID- 6517669 TI - Serotonin-containing neurons in the rat and cat brain, especially in the hypothalamus, following monoamine oxidase inhibitor pretreatment: an immunohistochemical study using anti-serotonin antiserum. AB - The presence of serotonin-containing neurons in the hypothalamus of the rat and cat was studied by immunohistochemistry. In the rat, a group of serotonin immunoreactive neurons was observed in the nucleus dorsomedialis hypothalami following nialamide pretreatment at a high dosage (over 300 mg/kg). In the cat, serotonin-immunoreactive neurons were sparsely distributed in the ventral part of the middle to the caudal lateral hypothalamic area after high dosage (500 mg/kg) nialamide pretreatment. PMID- 6517671 TI - Potential antitumor agents, XIII. Indole derivatives related to lonidamine. PMID- 6517672 TI - Prodrugs of 5-ethyl-2'-deoxyuridine, I. Syntheses and antiviral activities of some 5'-O-acyl derivatives. PMID- 6517673 TI - Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAID), XIV: Thermodynamic acidity constants of some 3-hydroxypropionic acid derivatives. PMID- 6517674 TI - [Photochemical model studies on skin photosensitizing drugs: sulfonamides and sulfonylureas]. PMID- 6517675 TI - [In vitro studies on the microsomal N-oxidation of N-substituted benzamidines]. PMID- 6517676 TI - Synthesis of substituted 3-hydroxy-1H,5H-pyrido[1,2-a]benzimidazol-1-ones as possible antimicrobial and antineoplastic agents. PMID- 6517677 TI - Synthesis of stereoisomeric bornane and norbornane derivatives with spasmolytic activity. PMID- 6517678 TI - [Palmar/dorsal effect in electrodermal reactions]. PMID- 6517679 TI - Individual differences in voluntary heart rate control. PMID- 6517680 TI - [Categories system and interactive rating procedure for preprocessing of protocols of verbal thinking]. PMID- 6517682 TI - [Familial and assumed size as signal of distance and depth perception]. PMID- 6517681 TI - On the nature of absolute pitch. PMID- 6517683 TI - Sex-typing behavior and sex-typing pressure in child/parent interaction. AB - The sex-typing of children and the sex-typing pressure of parents was investigated during free play in a home visit. There were 30 male and 24 female 45-month-olds observed with their mothers and fathers in separate free-play sessions during which an array of both sex-stereotyped and neutral toys were available. Behavioral observations were recorded for a variety of parent, child, and dyadic behaviors, including initiations of sex-typed play, total sex-typed play, and rough-and-tumble play. Children initiated sex-typed play and played with sex-appropriate toys. Father-child and mother-daughter dyads were more likely to engage in thematic play appropriate to the child's sex, while in mother son dyads equal amounts of masculine and feminine play occurred. In addition father-son dyads displayed the highest levels of rough-and tumble play and arousal of child by parent. The results suggest that fathers are the discriminating influence on sex-appropriate play. PMID- 6517684 TI - A cross-cultural assessment of early cross-gender behavior and familial factors in male homosexuality. AB - The data presented here are based on interviews of nonclinical homosexual and heterosexual males of comparable social backgrounds in four societies: the United States, Guatemala, Brazil, and the Philippines. Responses to two lines of questioning are analyzed--items having to do with early cross-gender behavior and items having to do with familial factors commonly assumed to be conducive to homosexual orientation. Consistent patterns of early cross-gender behaviors are found in the homosexual groups in all four societies. Inconsistent results are found with respect to the items having to do with familial factors. It is concluded that (1) early cross-gender behavior is an intrinsic characteristic of male homosexuals, wherever they may be found, and (2) familial factors frequently regarded as conducive to homosexuality are probably not causative at all but rather are culturally variable reactions to emerging homosexuality. PMID- 6517685 TI - Effects of prenatally administered 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone caproate on adolescent males. AB - The study was designed to determine whether exogenous prenatal exposure to 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone caproate (Delalutin) affects male recreational interests in boyhood and adolescence and male psychosexual development and whether total dosage, duration, and time of exposure has an effect on the previously mentioned variables. Subjects included 25 prenatally Delalutin-exposed males and 25 closely matched unexposed males. Subjects were administered the Bender Visual-Motor Gestalt Test, the Draw-a-Person Test, the Rosenzweig Picture Frustration Study for Adolescents, the Embedded Figures Test, and the Forer Structured-Sentence Completion Test. Also, both subjects and their mothers were interviewed. Analysis of the data utilized raters to score subjective test instruments. Statistical analysis was conducted by t test, sign test, and multiple correlation. Only one significant difference was evident. Delalutin exposed subjects spend significantly more time in the sedentary pursuit of watching television. However, there was no significant difference in their expressed interest in watching television or the type of television programs selected. The total dosage, duration, and period of gestation of drug administration had no significant effect in altering the findings. But a subtle difference was observed when the Delalutin regimen was not constant and when there was an interaction between psychological variables and the drug regimen. PMID- 6517686 TI - Psychosocial development of heterosexual, bisexual, and homosexual behavior. AB - Relationships with overt adult Kinsey Scale scores (K) indicate that early sexual experiences are most closely related to K, followed in order by gender related and familial variables. A developmental model emphasizing social learning is presented. Interviewees were 7669 American white males and females. Elevated K (more homosexual scores) was found for females who had few girl companions at age 10 and few male companions at 16, had learned to masturbate by being masturbated by a female, had intense prepubertal sexual contact with boys or men, found thought or sight of females, but not males, arousing by age 18, had homosexual contact by age 18, higher K at 17, and higher first-year homosexual behavior frequency. Elevated K (more homosexual scores) was found for males who reported poorer teenage relationships with their fathers, had more girl companions at age 10, fewer male companions at 10 and 16, avoided sports participation, learned of homosexuality by experience, learned to masturbate by being masturbated by a male, had intense prepubertal sexual contact with boys or men, had neither heterosexual contact nor petting to orgasm by age 18, found thought or sight of males, but not females, arousing by age 18, had homosexual contact by age 18, higher K at ages 16 and 17, and had higher first-year homosexual behavior frequency. Behavioral bisexuals, those scoring between 2.0 and 4.0 on the K scale on the basis of overt behavior (0.7% of females, 1.2% of males), reported more arousal to heterosexual stimuli than did exclusive heterosexuals. PMID- 6517687 TI - The use of penile tumescence measures with incarcerated rapists: further validity issues. AB - The use of penile tumescence to categorize and assess the treatment of sex offenders has gained increasing popularity. Recent publications have expanded the use of tumescence measures for the classification of rapists. The majority of studies in the past using mainly subjects seeking treatment or admitting to difficulties in controlling rape urges have shown the technology to be a valuable asset in classification. The present investigation, however, points out the limitations of using this technology in certain populations. The responses of incarcerated rapists and incarcerated nonrape offenders were compared. Analysis of the data indicated that there were no significant differences between the responses of rapists and nonrapists and that the rape index proposed by Abel et al. (1978) did not reliably classify incarcerated rapists. This paper points out the limitations of penile tumescence assessment with certain populations and discusses possible reasons for the failure to discriminate in this investigation. PMID- 6517688 TI - Sexual histories, attitudes, and behavior of schizophrenic and "normal" women. AB - Data on sexual history and current sexual functioning were collected from 20 schizophrenic women and 15 normal volunteers. Schizophrenic women, compared to normal volunteers, reported a higher incidence of sexual abuse premorbidly, particularly during childhood, as well as after the onset of frank psychotic symptomatology. Patients also learned about sexual interaction and began menstruating earlier and had more negative feelings toward menstruating. In addition, psychosexual dysfunctions were markedly more common among the schizophrenic women, both pre- and postmorbidly. Compared to only 13.4% of the normal women, 60% of the schizophrenic women had never experienced orgasm. Patients did not believe that sexual activity worsened their illness, and only 20% of the patients thought their illness had adversely affected their sexual behavior. PMID- 6517689 TI - Preliminary observations of the utility of portable NPT. AB - Nocturnal penile tumescence (NPT) has been utilized as an aid in the differential diagnosis of male erectile failure. The development of portable NPT monitors will broaden its applicability. Surprisingly, there are few data correlating sexual history interviews with NPT. In this study, 50 normal controls, 25 chronically ill patients with normal renal functioning, and 48 men with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) provided both detailed sexual histories and NPT tracings from portable monitors. In general, the data obtained from these two different sources of information were congruent. The presence of a sexual partner who could verify the sexual history enhanced the congruity. Portable NPT is probably useful at the very least as a screening technique in the assessment of male erectile failure. PMID- 6517690 TI - Ego development in female-to-male transsexual couples. AB - The ego development of 22 postoperative female-to-male transsexuals and their spouses or lovers with whom they had been living for a year or more was investigated. The transsexuals, their spouses, and a control group of 22 couples were administered the Washington University Sentence Completion Test of Ego Development, a projective measure of ego functioning. Ego development refers to the framework of meaning that the individual brings to an experience. The construct of ego development incorporates a series of sequential stages that integrate various frames of reference including cognitive style, interpersonal style, conscious preoccupation, and impulse control. These processes have received little attention in studies on female-to-male transsexuals who have successfully negotiated the social barrier of cross-living to the extent that they are living the male role in a heterosexual relationship. No significant differences in the distribution of ego development scores were found between the transsexuals and the control males, or between the transsexuals' spouses and the control spouses. Over 93% of the transsexuals and their spouses scored above the conformist level of ego development. These findings are discussed in terms of some of the previous literature on conformist thinking by transsexuals. PMID- 6517691 TI - Operating characteristics of the vaginal photoplethysmograph. PMID- 6517692 TI - [Feed intake of ewes in the perinatal period]. AB - 8 individual feeding experiments served the ascertainment of the consumption performance of ewes in the perinatal phase. In 6 experiments with a total of 176 fertility oriented ewes the daily intake of pelleted straw-concentrate mixtures between the 4th week ante partum and the 6th week post partum was determined. On average the ewes consumed 1701 g dry matter in the last phase of gestation and 2271 g DM during lactation per animal and day. Intense grinding and NaOH treatment increased feed intake; high straw content, limited duration of feeding and NH3-treatment decreased it. A higher number of lambs had, in the last phase of gestation, a decreasing and during lactation an increasing effect on consumption. Maize silage in the last phase of gestation resulted in very low feed intake. In contra to this, rations of alfalfa hay and maize silage were consumed well during lactation. There were no significant differences due to species or age with regard to consumption performance. PMID- 6517693 TI - [Growth studies of SMR bulls under different feeding conditions. 4. Nutrient and energy retention in the body]. AB - In long-term feeding experiments with bulls of the species Holstein-Friesians, the relation between live weight development and nutrient and energy retention was investigated on a high, medium and low level of feeding intensity. For this purpose a total of 206 animals was butchered at the ages 0, 4, 9, 12, 15, 16.5 and 18 months and the complete bodies were analysed. This showed that fat retention was considerably more influenced by the feeding intensity than protein retention. On the basis of the same body weight the energy content per kg live weight gain is not constant but increases with the growing feeding intensity. PMID- 6517694 TI - [Transport of benzo(a)pyrene into animal organs following the feeding of activated sludge from swine manure]. AB - In feeding experiments with pigs and fish (carp and trout) the test animals received quotas of activated sludge of 7.5 and 15% DM (pigs) and 20% (carp) in their mixed feed. In an experiment with trout in an aquarium the quota of activated sludge was increased from 20% to 50%. The benzo(a)pyrene content was ascertained in selected organs of the pigs (kidney, liver, bacon, muscles) and the edible parts of the fish. As a result of this experiment one can say that the feeding of activated sludge from pig manure does not result in an increased benzo(a)pyrene content in the tested organs of the pigs and the edible parts of the fish. PMID- 6517695 TI - Efficiency of utilisations of food energy by female growing minks. AB - The efficiency of utilisation of food energy by female growing minks, from weaning to adult age, was studied. The food given, pelleted according to an original technology, has the following chemical composition on a DM basis: 87.0% organic matter, 37.1% crude protein, 11.7% crude fat, 2.6% crude fiber, 35.6% nitrogen-free extractives and 13.0 per cent ash. Young minks had a feed intake, in relation to body weight, warying from 11.6 g to 58.6 g DM/d. Maximum feed intake related to kg0.75 was recorded at 700 g body weight (approximately 98 g DM/kg0.65). Digestibility of the given food expressed in DE, averaged 87.7 +/- 1.2%, while metabolizability, 82.3 +/- 1.1%. Total heat production related to the intaked gross energy, was 48.0 +/- 3.0%, and the retained energy, 34.3 +/- 4.0 per cent. The net efficiency of the metabolizable energy used for maintenance and production could not be accurately determined. However, taking to account the calculated values required for maintenance, of 649 kJ/kg0.75 in 300 to 600 g young minks, and of 607 kJ/kg0.75 in 600 to 1100 g young minks and also the maintenance efficiency, Km = 0.75, the coefficient for ME utilisation in protein and fat synthesis, of 0.50 and 0.75, respectively, it was able to determine the average ME efficiency used as net energy for maintenance and production: 70%. The highest values of nictemeral metabolism were recorded in the evening, and the lowest ones, at noon; the difference between the maximal and the minimal value did not exceed 6 per cent. PMID- 6517697 TI - Inhalation pharmacokinetics based on gas uptake studies. VI. Comparative evaluation of ethylene oxide and butadiene monoxide as exhaled reactive metabolites of ethylene and 1,3-butadiene in rats. AB - When ethylene oxide or butadiene monoxide is added to the atmosphere of a closed inhalation chamber occupied by Sprague-Dawley rats, a first-order elimination pattern is observed. When either of these compounds is IP injected into rats which are subsequently placed in the closed chamber, the course of epoxide in the atmosphere follows Bateman exponential functions. From the experimental data, the kinetic parameters for distribution and metabolic elimination of ethylene oxide and butadiene monoxide can be derived. When ethylene or 1,3-butadiene was added to the closed exposure systems and kept at atmospheric concentrations which assured maximal metabolic turnover of the olefin (i.e., concentrations above 1,000 ppm ethylene or 1,500 ppm 1,3-butadiene), exhalation of the appropriate epoxide occurred and led finally to a constant (plateau) concentration of the reactive metabolite in the system's atmosphere. Although the initial time-course was different between butadiene monoxide and ethylene oxide (with a high initial increase of ethylene oxide and a subsequent decrease) an analysis at steady-state (plateau concentrations) revealed that only 29% of the amounts of both epoxides which in theory are formed as primary metabolites from the parent olefins are systematically available (i.e., distributed in the entire organism). The discrepancy is probably related to first pass elimination of the epoxide. PMID- 6517696 TI - Inhalation pharmacokinetics based on gas uptake studies. V. Comparative pharmacokinetics of ethylene and 1,3-butadiene in rats. AB - The pharmacokinetics of ethylene and 1,3-butadiene were studied in male Sprague Dawley rats by use of a closed inhalation chamber system. Both compounds showed saturable metabolism when untreated rats were used. "Linear" pharmacokinetics applied at exposure concentrations below 800 ppm ethylene and below 1,000 ppm 1,3 butadiene. A constant elimination rate, indicative of metabolic saturation, occurred at concentrations higher than 1,000 ppm ethylene or 1,500 ppm 1,3 butadiene. Pretreatment with aroclor 1254 (polychlorinated biphenyls) increased Vmax for both compounds. For 1,3-butadiene, no saturation of metabolic capacity was observed with exposure concentrations up to 12,000 ppm when the rats were pretreated with aroclor 1254. A comparison with previous studies on ethane and n pentane suggested that introduction of a double bond into a saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon increased the rate of metabolism under conditions in vivo. PMID- 6517698 TI - Pulmonary changes induced in rabbits by long-term exposure to n-hexane. AB - New Zealand male rabbits were exposed in an inhalation chamber to 3,000 ppm of n hexane 8 h/day, 5 days/week for 24 weeks, resulting in a total of 120 exposures. After a further 120 days in clean air, morphologic examination of lungs by light and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed three important exposure related lesions. These consisted of air space enlargement centered on respiratory bronchioles and alveolar ducts (centriacinar emphysema), scattered foci of pulmonary fibrosis, and papillary tumors of non-ciliated bronchiolar epithelial cells. At TEM examination these tumors were rather homogeneous and were found to consist of cells showing both small and large electron dense ovoid granules in their cytoplasmic matrix, a feature that has been described for Clara cells. The implications of these findings are discussed. PMID- 6517699 TI - Lipidosis-like alterations in cultured macrophages exposed to local anaesthetics. AB - In this ultrastructural study, the simple model of cultured rat peritoneal macrophages was used to examine whether local anaesthetics can induce lipidosis like alterations. Exposure (24h) of macrophages to 1 X 10(-5) M dibucaine, or to 5 X 10(-5) M tetracaine, quinidine, and quinine, respectively, led to the occurrence of lamellated cytoplasmic inclusions in most cells. This is interpreted as indicating lipidosis. Type and degree of alterations were similar to those induced by the reference compound chlorphentermine (5 X 10(-5) M) for which lipidosis has previously been shown by biochemical methods. Tocainide (5 X 10(-5) M) caused weak alterations only; procaine (5 X 10(-5) M) was without effect. The differential potencies presently observed are paralleled by differential affinities of the local anaesthetics towards polar lipids as determined by other authors. The present results support the hypothesis that the lipidosis-inducing potency inherent to an amphiphilic cationic drug can be tentatively predicted on the basis of its affinity to polar lipids, although it may be obscured by secondary factors when the drug is administered to intact organisms. The present communication emphasizes the advantage of cell cultures over animal experiments for studying the structure-response relationships underlying drug-induced lipidosis, and to reliably ascertain that a given drug has only low lipidosis-inducing potency or none at all as found for tocainide and procaine, respectively. PMID- 6517700 TI - Selected testicular enzymes as biochemical markers for procarbazine-induced testicular toxicity. AB - Single doses of procarbazine (MIH) were injected IP at 0, 50, 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg body weight to CD-1 male mice. Activities of hyaluronidase, lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme-X, and the dehydrogenases of sorbitol, alpha glycerophosphate, glucose-6-phosphate, malate, isocitrate, and glyceraldehyde-3 phosphate in the testes of the mice were determined and correlated with changes in spermatogenic cell types in seminiferous tubules. All enzyme activities were higher than controls or remained unchanged on days 10-20 after drug treatment. Activities of hyaluronidase, sorbitol dehydrogenase, and lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme-X decreased significantly to below normal levels on day 30 after drug treatment for all doses, whereas those of the other five dehydrogenases remained significantly higher than controls. All enzyme activities approached control levels with the concomitant recovery of spermatogenesis by day 60 after drug treatment. Histological examination of seminiferous tubules revealed that premeiotic spermatocytes were significantly reduced on days 10-20 but reappeared on day 30 after MIH treatment (400 mg/kg). The postmeiotic spermatogenic cells were unaffected at the time of MIH treatment, but had disappeared completely on day 30 after drug treatment. MIH, at the highest dosage, selectively destroyed spermatogonia and premeiotic spermatocytes; however spermatozoa and elongated spermatides were unaffected. This study demonstrated that the cytotoxic effect of MIH on spermatogenesis could be evaluated via changes in testicular enzyme activities. The present studies demonstrated that hyaluronidase, sorbitol dehydrogenase, and lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme-X could serve as useful biochemical markers for assessing testicular toxicity induced by drugs and chemicals. PMID- 6517702 TI - Cadmium, analgesics, and the chronic progressive nephrosis in the female Sprague Dawley rat. AB - Female Sprague-Dawley rats received phenacetin or aspirin at average daily doses of 135 and 27 mg/kg respectively in the diet and either demineralized water (DMW) or a 100 ppm cadmium (Cd) solution as their drinking water for 12 months. This dose of Cd produced borderline tubular toxicity, as measured by the excretion of IV-injected human beta 2-microglobulin. The kidney accumulation of Cd just reached the critical level of 200 ppm in all groups at the end of the study. The various treatments did not significantly affect growth, creatinine clearance, urine osmolality and the urinary excretion of beta-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminidase and aminoacids. No interaction resulted from the concomitant administration of analgesics and Cd. Both aspirin subgroups (receiving DMW or Cd) showed an attenuation of the age-related decline of the renal function as revealed by a lower urinary excretion of albumin and total protein. The accentuation of the mesangial matrix seen upon aging was also partly inhibited in the aspirin rats. PMID- 6517703 TI - The effect of 2,3-dimercaptopropane sodium sulfonate on mercury retention in rats in relation to age. AB - The effectiveness of DMPS (sodium 2,3-dimercaptopropane-1-sulfonate) in reducing inorganic mercury retention was studied in 2-, 6-, and 28-week-old albino rats. 203Hg was administered IP. The chelating agent DMPS was administered by IP injection at a dose of 250 mumol/kg body weight three times, 1 day after 203Hg administration and at 24 h intervals thereafter. The whole body retention determined 1, 2, 3, and 6 days after 203Hg administration showed that DMPS decreased the body retention of mercury in all age groups, being about twice as effective in adult compared to suckling rats. The reduced effectiveness was due to the reduced efficacy of DMPS in reducing kidney retention in young animals. In other organs the effectiveness of DMPS was not age dependent. These and previous results obtained with different chelating agents and other metals indicate that age might be an important factor in chelation therapy in general. PMID- 6517701 TI - Factors influencing peroxisome proliferation in cultured rat hepatocytes. AB - A primary rat hepatocyte culture system has been developed for the study of peroxisome proliferation. Maximal induction of peroxisomal activity requires supplementation of the culture medium with hydrocortisone. The addition of clofibric acid (0.01-1 mM), mono-(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (0.01-0.5 mM) and trichloroacetic acid (0.1-5 mM) to cultured rat hepatocytes resulted in a time- and dose-related increase in CN- insensitive palmitoyl CoA oxidation (maximal increases: 27-, 15.5-, and 5-fold respectively) and mitochondrial alpha glycerophosphate dehydrogenase activity (maximal increases: 7.3-, 5.8-, and 1.6 fold respectively). Electron microscopic examination revealed smooth endoplasmic reticulum proliferation and morphometric analysis indicated an increase in fractional peroxisomal volume of X 8 and X 4 for clofibric acid (1 mM) and trichloroacetic acid (2.5 mM), respectively. SDS-PAGE of cell homogenates revealed an intensified protein band of mol. wt. 76-78,000. The induction of peroxisomal beta-oxidation by clofibric acid was elevated from 9- to 12-fold by supplementation of the medium with L-carnitine (2 mM). PMID- 6517704 TI - In vivo inhibition of dopamine-beta-hydroxylase in rat adrenals during exposure to carbon disulphide. AB - Male rats were exposed for a maximum of 4 h to carbon disulphide at atmospheric levels of 1.0-4.0 mg/l and the turnover rates of adrenal dopamine was determined by injecting alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine and measuring the rate at which dopamine disappears. Although the level of exposure was significantly higher than the 30.0 micrograms/l permissible limit, or the average occupational exposure, similar or even higher peak exposure values were reported from the viscose rayon industry. After inhibition of tyrosine hydroxylase by alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine, adrenal dopamine contents declined at a slower rate in rats exposed to carbon disulphide than in controls. The reduced rate of dopamine metabolism during exposure to carbon disulphide indicates inhibition of dopamine-beta-hydroxylase in vivo. The size of this effect, which could be detected as soon as 30 min after starting the exposure to carbon disulphide, was dose dependent. The rate of dopamine turnover was still reduced 2 h after the end of a single exposure. However at that time, because of the larger dopamine pool present in the adrenals, the amount of dopamine converted per unit of time was again at pre-exposure levels. PMID- 6517705 TI - The determination of environmental 2-ethoxyethanol by gas chromatography. AB - A gas chromatographic procedure for the determination of 2-ethoxyethanol (C2H5OCH2CH2OH) was developed by using the general principles of analysis of solvent vapors. 2-Ethoxyethanol was sampled by adsorbing on activated carbon. It was desorbed with carbon disulfide plus 2-propanol (0.5%). The analytical column was packed with 10% free fatty acid phase on Chromosorb-P AW. The analysis was conducted at 130 degrees C isothermal using a flame ionization detector. Addition of 2-propanol (0.5%) to carbon disulfide improved (P less than or equal to 0.01) desorption of 2-ethoxyethanol adsorbed on activated carbon. The mean desorption efficiency of carbon disulfide plus 2-propanol (0.5%) was 87.9 +/- 2.86% (n = 15). Based on a 101 air sample and detector sensitivity of 2 X 10(-10) AFS, the calculated limit of detection of 2-ethoxyethanol was 0.1 ppm. The precision (coefficient of variation) for this analytical procedure was 3.34% (n = 12). In conclusion, 2-ethoxyethanol adsorbed on activated carbon can be desorbed with carbon disulfide plus 2-propanol (0.5%). Subsequently the desorbed 2 ethoxyethanol can be analyzed by gas chromatographic identification on 10% FFAP using a flame ionization detector. PMID- 6517706 TI - Analysis of hemoglobin as a dose monitor for alkylating and arylating agents. AB - Genotoxic xenobiotics bind covalently to hemoglobin in vivo. The major reaction product of aromatic amines is a sulfinic acid amide resulting from the reaction of arylnitroso derivatives with SH-groups. Alkylating compounds react with cysteine, histidine and the terminal valine. The adducts are formed proportional to dose down to extremely small doses, they are stable throughout the life-span of the erythrocytes and accumulate upon repeated exposure. Methods for their determination in blood samples from experimental animals and humans are becoming available. Moreover, it has been demonstrated that for a given agent, a constant ratio exists between the reaction with tissue DNA and hemoglobin over a wide range of doses, which indicates that the reactions follow apparent first order kinetics. The extent of hemoglobin binding is therefore considered to be a relative measure of tissue dose, and should correlate much better with risk than exposure levels calculated from concentrations in the environment. Not only can the actual uptake be monitored more reliably, but also the individual's capacity to metabolically activate the absorbed agent. Biomonitoring of hemoglobin-bound metabolites represents a novel approach to control exposure to potential carcinogens, to correlate environmental exposure with tissue dose and eventually also with human risk. PMID- 6517707 TI - Effects of subcutaneous and oral cadmium on iron metabolism: role of ceruloplasmin and metallothionein. AB - Male ICR mice were either given water containing Cd at a level of 192-200 ppm for 45 days (ingestion group), or were injected subcutaneously once a week with Cd (1 mg/kg) as CdCl2 for 7 weeks (injection group). The control group was given Cd free water. In both Cd groups, the hematocrit and hemoglobin values did not change markedly. In the ingestion group, the Fe concentration decreased greatly in the liver, kidney, spleen, and duodenum. These decreases may be due to depression of Fe absorption from the intestine. In the injection group, Fe increased in the liver, spleen, and duodenum, although it decreased in the kidney. By Sephadex G-200 gel filtration, Fe-proteins in the hepatic supernatants were located in the void volume region of this gel column in both Cd groups. Apparently, Fe was not a component of metallothionein (MT) protein. The hepatic MT induction by Cd resulted in an increase in hepatic supernatant Cu. Serum Cu and ceruloplasmin (Cp) activity were stimulated only in the injection group. The enhancement of Cp activity may possibly be due to the increase in hepatic Cu which was accompanied by an increase in hepatic Fe, rather than a decrease. Our observations suggest that Fe metabolism is influenced differentially by the administration route of Cd. PMID- 6517708 TI - Cell survival after the combined action of manganese (MnCl2) and X-rays in synchronized Chinese hamster cells. AB - The interactions between the effects of manganese chloride and X-rays were studied in synchronized populations of V79 Chinese hamster fibroblasts. The cells were selected by shaking off asynchronous cultures for detachment of mitotic cells which were plated in petri dishes and exposed to various treatments. Irradiation was carried out with a Philips RT-100 X-ray unit. A final concentration of 0.25 mM MnCl2 was used. The main parameter was the colony forming ability of the surviving cell fraction. When MnCl2 was administered over 1 h, its toxicity was low regardless of the phase of the cell cycle. Administered separately, 2 Gy irradiation produced only a slight decrease in survival, less marked in the S phase. However, the two agents together induced a synergistic inhibition of the surviving fraction in the S phase when the metal was given immediately after irradiation. If manganese was administered 3 h after irradiation the two inhibitory effects apparently remained only additive. It seems that MnCl2 can impair some repair processes starting immediately after irradiation. PMID- 6517709 TI - Isolated rat hepatocytes in suspension: potential hepatotoxic effects of six different drugs. AB - Isolated rat hepatocytes in suspension were studied with regard to various measures of hepatic toxicity. We compared enzyme leakage (ASAT, ALAT, LDH), cell viability (trypan blue exclusion), intracellular ATP content, and incorporation of 14C-valine into stationary and export proteins while the cells were exposed to six different drugs at two different concentrations. The drugs were oxytetracycline, paracetamol, carbon tetrachloride, ethanol, methotrexate and fentanyl. The results were compared to known in vivo responses, in particular to see whether concentrations resulting in dose-related in vivo effects would similarly affect the functions tested in vitro. Leakage of enzymes exhibited a graded increase with a corresponding rise in the concentration of oxytetracycline and carbon tetrachloride. Reduction in incorporation of 14C-valine into cell and medium proteins showed a similar graded effect with rising concentrations of paracetamol, carbon tetrachloride, and ethanol. Intracellular levels of ATP gradually decreased with increasing concentrations of carbon tetrachloride and ethanol. An obvious reduction in viability was only registered with increasing concentrations of carbon tetrachloride, while paracetamol tended to give a similar response. We found no major discrepancies between already known in vivo effects and our in vitro results when testing paracetamol, carbon tetrachloride, ethanol, methotrexate, and fentanyl. We could not, however, demonstrate inhibition of protein synthesis by oxytetracycline at the concentrations tested. No single measurement was adequate for testing all drugs. The test of 14C-valine incorporation into hepatocyte export proteins plus LDH leakage seemed to constitute a useful combination in detecting drug toxicity in hepatocyte suspensions. PMID- 6517710 TI - Atrial thrombosis involving the heart of F-344 rats ingesting quinacrine hydrochloride. AB - Quinacrine hydrochloride is toxic for the heart of F-344 rats. Rats treated with 500 ppm quinacrine hydrochloride in the diet all developed a high incidence of left atrial thrombosis. The lesion was associated with cardiac hypertrophy and dilatation and focal myocardial degeneration. Rats died from cardiac hypertrophy with severe acute and chronic congestion of the lungs, liver, and other organs. Seventy percent of rats given 250 ppm quinacrine hydrochloride and 1,000 ppm sodium nitrite simultaneously in the diet had thrombosis of the atria of the heart, while untreated control rats in this laboratory did not have atrial thrombosis. Sodium nitrite in combination with quinacrine hydrochloride appeared to have no additional effect. PMID- 6517711 TI - Toxicological studies on malachite green: a triphenylmethane dye. AB - The oral LD50 for malachite green oxalate was found to be 275 mg/kg in rats while the approximate lethal dose for NMRI mice was 50 mg/kg. No systemic effects were seen after dermal application of 2,000 mg/kg. Repeated administration in the diet for 28 days to rats produced only minor changes in serum urea and aspartate aminotransferase levels. The rats at the highest dose level showed decreased weight gain and appeared clinically to have elevated motor activity. No sex differences were observed in either acute or prolonged experiments. In accord with human experience malachite green was irritating to mucous membranes, but no effects were seen on intact skin nor was it shown to be sensitizing. It was found to be a mutagen in the Salmonella/microsome test after metabolic activation but without clastogenic activity when tested at maximally tolerated levels in mice in the micronucleus test. PMID- 6517713 TI - Intoxication following the inhalation of hydrogen fluoride. AB - The prognosis for fluoride inhalation is poor, owing to the extreme toxicity of the substance and lack of satisfactory treatment. In the case of massive inhalation, the slow, progressive destruction of the bronchial mucosa and lung tissue will be lethal. Irrespective of the dose, a transient restriction in renal function or acute renal failure will occur. The transient increase in transaminase seems to be caused by several factors. Our cases show that the evaluation of fluoride levels in biological material is difficult, as dietary intake, e.g., in drinking water, may complicate acute or chronic occupational exposure. PMID- 6517712 TI - Renal and hepatic glutathione concentrations in rats after treatment with hexachloro-1,3-butadiene and citrinin. AB - Renal and hepatic glutathione (GSH) concentrations were examined after treatment of male Sprague-Dawley rats with hexachloro-1,3-butadiene (HCBD) or citrinin alone and in combination, and after pretreatment with the GSH depleting agent diethylmaleate (DEM). It was found that both renal and hepatic GSH depletion were greater when either citrinin or HCBD was given following DEM. The effect was particularly striking when the doses used were so low as to be ineffective when given alone. When HCBD and citrinin were given in combination, the effect on GSH was approximately additive. Renal tubular organic ion transport in kidney slices was also compromised significantly when either citrinin or HCBD followed pretreatment with DEM. With HCBD, depression of tetraethylammonium (TEA) transport was seen after DEM; when given alone HCBD had no effect on TEA transport. PMID- 6517714 TI - Synthetic surfactants: a new approach to the development of shark repellents. AB - The toxic and shark repellent secretion of Pardachirus marmoratus (PMC) and a series of 15 surfactants and industrial detergents were assayed for their lethality to fish, termination of shark's tonic immobility and feeding inhibition of aggressive, hungry lemon sharks. Sodium and lithium lauryl sulfate salts were more potent than PMC in all three bioassays. Graduated activity, from mildly repellent to inactive, was demonstrated by several other surfactants. The abundance, versatility, chemical stability, modifiability, and low price of detergents justify their use in further development of effective shark repellents. PMID- 6517715 TI - Cytogenetic and genetic effects of subchronic treatments with organophosphorus insecticides. AB - Male mice (Q strain) received 5 days a week for 7 weeks drinking water containing dichlorvos (2 ppm), dimethoate (0.6 ppm), malathion (8 ppm), methylparathion (0.15 ppm), or trichlorfon (0.5 ppm). At the end of the treatment, no chromosome damage was observed in bone marrow cells, spermatogonia, and primary spermatocytes. Dominant lethal mutation assays were performed to investigate the pre- and postimplantation foetal lethality. Only negative results were obtained. PMID- 6517716 TI - [An epidemiologic study of cholinergic urticaria in students of junior and senior high schools in Miyagi Prefecture]. PMID- 6517717 TI - [Distribution of house-dust mites in the houses of asthmatic children in Japan]. PMID- 6517718 TI - [Clinical studies on plasma platelet factor 4 in patients with bronchial asthma. Changes in bronchial inhalation tests by allergen and acetylcholine]. PMID- 6517719 TI - [Relationship between changes in plasma histamine levels and the location of the predominant site of exercise-induced asthma]. PMID- 6517720 TI - The Medical Fee Schedule. PMID- 6517722 TI - Helmets, head injuries and motorcycles. PMID- 6517721 TI - Attitudes toward medical marketing in Maricopa County. PMID- 6517723 TI - Glaucoma in general practice. PMID- 6517724 TI - Angel dust: medical and psychiatric aspects of phencyclidine intoxication. PMID- 6517725 TI - Outpatient inguinal hernia surgery using local anesthesia. PMID- 6517726 TI - [The early ergometric test in acute myocardial infarction. The fall of another taboo]. PMID- 6517727 TI - [Effect of sex steroids on the histamine content of the myocardium in dogs]. PMID- 6517728 TI - [Modified exercise test in the 3d week after acute myocardial infarction. Correlation of coronary cineangiography and follow-up]. PMID- 6517729 TI - [Chagas' disease in taxi drivers in the city of Uberlandia]. PMID- 6517730 TI - [Electrophysiological and anti-arrhythmia effects of atenolol]. PMID- 6517731 TI - [Treatment of refractory atrial tachycardia with electrofulguration. Induction of total A-V block with endocardial shock]. PMID- 6517732 TI - [Adaptative cardiac changes in arterial hypertension]. PMID- 6517733 TI - Respiratory failure after cardiac surgery. PMID- 6517734 TI - [Cardiac tamponade after heart surgery]. PMID- 6517735 TI - [Antiperistaltic duodenojejunal pouch in the reconstruction of digestive transit after subtotal, total gastrectomy and in the postgastrectomy syndrome. Technic]. AB - A new technic for reconstruction of the digestive tract after total and subtotal gastrectomy in patients with BII postgastrectomy syndrome is proposed. This technic is based on: 1) the to-and-from motion of the barium inside the duodenal arch, and 2) the duodenogastric reflux, both observed in X-ray examinations in normal and in patients bearing gastroduodenal ulcers. The advantage of this technic is to associate the inverted Y en Roux with an interposition of a small bowel segment, besides a reservoir with dynamic function which is obtained using the duodenal arch, as well as 10 cm of jejunum, where the ingested food is mixed with the digestive secretions and is eliminated with antiperistalsis, without stasis. From 1977 to 1983, 36 patients were operated on with the above mentioned technic. Ten of them were admitted to total gastrectomy, 16 to subtotal gastrectomy, 7 to minimal radical gastrectomy and three to postgastrectomy syndrome. PMID- 6517736 TI - [Visceral larva migrans in childhood: report of 2 cases]. AB - Reports of Visceral larva migrans (VLM) are not frequent in Brazil, but the prevalence of this disease may be more common due to poor environmental conditions to which most of the children are exposed. The most common infectious agent is Toxocara canis, a parasite of the intestinal tract of dogs. Children get infected eating contaminated material with feces of dogs. The ova are swallowed and reach the intestinal lumen of the children. Systemic migration occurs by lymphatic or portal circulation to several organs, most frequently, to the liver and lungs, causing hepatosplenomegaly and/or bronchospasm. PMID- 6517737 TI - [Oral rehydration--some current aspects]. AB - Some findings in a recent study (1982), with metabolic balances, in five severely dehydrated infants (with weight above the 10th percentile) are commented. An oral solution, for maintenance was administered, after an initial intravenous infusion of half isotonic saline (100 cc/kg). The composition of the fluid was: Na 45 mEq/l, K 33 mEq/l, CL 78 mEq/l and glucose 2,8%. Metabolic balance were performed for the first six days of recovery. A similar group of infants, treated only with intravenous fluid was used for comparison. Results have shown that: 1) the sodium concentration was enough to achieve positive sodium balances, but only due to an intense reduction of renal sodium excretion; 2) the amount of potassium was well tolerated and hyperkalemia was not observed; 3) improvement of acid base status was satisfactory even without the use of bicarbonate in the oral solution. PMID- 6517738 TI - [Psychophysiologic disorders. Clinical session of the Brazilian Institute for Study and Research in Gastroenterology]. PMID- 6517739 TI - Changes in cochlear microphonic response after Y-ray irradiation of the inner ear of the guinea-pig. AB - The effects of ionizing irradiation on the cochlear microphonic response of guinea-pigs were studied. The cochlear microphonics (CM) of both ears were recorded in a total of 36 animals. Recording was carried out by the differential electrode technique on the basal turn of the cochlea. One week prior to recording, the left ear of each animal had been exposed to 35-70 Gy radiation in increments of 5 Gy. Doses of 40 Gy and above led to a reduction in CM response. After doses of 60 Gy or more, no CM response could be detected. Damage most probably occurred in the outer and inner hair cells. PMID- 6517740 TI - Multichannel infant reflex audiometry (MIRA) a new method for evaluating hearing in infants (preliminary results). AB - Multichannel infant reflex audiometry, applicable up to about 1 year of age, is based on the simultaneous registration of sucking and breathing activities and of eye movements together with marks which indicate the side, beginning, and end of the stimulus. Sucking and breathing are reduced or altered by suprathreshold stimuli. The threshold of responses is 20-40 dB lower than that obtained with behavioral tests and comparable in most cases with BERA thresholds. PMID- 6517741 TI - Trismus and carcinoma of the tonsil. AB - Carcinoma of the tonsil is the second most common neoplasm of the upper respiratory tract and a sore throat is the most frequent initial symptom. Trismus, which may be an accompanying sign, is only rarely the only presenting symptom. A case is presented. PMID- 6517742 TI - Gamma-carboxyglutamate in normal and pathological human middle ear bones. AB - The presence of the amino acid gamma-carboxyglutamate (GLA) was established in human middle ear bones. Proteins containing GLA have been described as being associated with normal as well as pathological calcifications. The GLA content of human incus, malleus, and stapes with 1-2 nmol/mg bone is in the range previously reported for a variety of bone. A limited number of samples with middle ear pathology, including otosclerosis, did not show altered GLA levels. PMID- 6517743 TI - Early development of cochlear hair cell stereociliary surface morphology. AB - The early development of the surface structures of differentiating cochlear hair cells (guinea-pig) was analysed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). A basal-to apical gradient was evident in hair cell maturation. Inner hair cells developed before outer hair cells at the same level in the cochlea. The first sign of the onset of hair cell differentiation was a regularization of the pattern of microvilli on the future hair cell. Later, the cluster of regularized microvilli was rebuilt to form the stereociliary bundle, with a stepwise increase in the length of those stereocilia facing the stria vascularis. PMID- 6517744 TI - Tubuloreticular structures in laryngeal carcinoma. AB - Tubuloreticular structures (TRS) were observed electron microscopically in stroma cells of human laryngeal carcinoma. The TRS appeared as networks of membranous tubules 20-30 nm in diameter, which were always situated in dilations of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). The presence of TRS was observed not only in cells situated in the tumour stroma, but also in some stroma cells which had migrated to the carcinomatous epithelium. However, they were not found in malignant keratinocytes. In some places, incomplete forms of TRS may be observed, which in earlier reports have been referred to as worm-like or comma-shaped bodies. These incomplete forms of TRS, which are clearly shown to arise contiguous to the ER cisternae, may represent different developmental stages of TRS morphogenesis rather than disintegration steps. The observations indicate that the TRS - seen in various disorders such as viral, neoplastic, and auto-immune diseases - may well represent a common reaction pattern of the ER system of the host cell. PMID- 6517745 TI - The postauricular myogenic response in normal children and children with microtia. AB - The effect of the development of postauricular muscles on the postauricular myogenic response (PAR) was investigated in normal children and children with microtia. There were no differences between the PAR of normal children and that of the intact ear of children with microtia. The PAR obtained from the normal and microtic sides of children with unilateral microtia showed no significant differences as regards waveform, latency, threshold, or amplitude. Our findings suggest that the development of the postauricular muscle does not affect the PAR, and it seems difficult to explain the large individual variations in the PAR by intersubjective differences in muscle development. PMID- 6517746 TI - High-frequency Bekesy audiometry. V. Excursion width. AB - 26 normally hearing young adults produced Bekesy-type tracings for pure tones ranging from 7 to 19 kHz. Tones were pulsed (2.5/s) and delivered in the fixed frequency mode. Chart rate (1 octave/min) and rate of attenuation (2.5 dB/s) were analogous to that typically used in clinical Bekesy audiometry. Results indicated that subjects typically produced median excursion widths ranging from 5 to 15 dB. No systematic change in excursion width for conventional-frequency Bekesy audiometry. The results of the present study were discussed regarding their utility in validation of responses to Bekesy audiometry. PMID- 6517747 TI - Vibrotactile threshold for hairy skin and its transformation into equivalent bone conduction loss for the mastoid. AB - Vibrotactile thresholds for the glabrous skin of the hand and for the hairy skin of the arm are investigated as a function of frequency in the range from 40 to 2 000 Hz, using a heavy vibrator. These thresholds are expressed as equivalent bone conduction loss and compared with vibrotactile thresholds determined with bone vibrators on the arm and mastoid for normally hearing and severely hearing impaired subjects. The results are used to predict the vibrotactile threshold of the hairy skin of the mastoid under conditions of severe hearing impairment and deafness. The frequency characteristics of a number of vibrators are discussed with respect to their suitability for skin stimulation. PMID- 6517748 TI - The Maryland CNC Test: normative studies. AB - These studies were conducted to determine the performance-intensity functions of the Maryland CNC Test (male voice) with normal-hearing and hearing-impaired persons, to examine the equivalence of the 10 lists, and to determine test-retest reliability. There was a 2.1% increase per decibel in word recognition in the linear portion of the performance-intensity function for normal listeners and a 1.3% increase per decibel for hearing-impaired listeners. 6 lists were judged to be equivalent, and there was good test-retest reliability. Hearing-impaired subjects demonstrated a wide range of scores on the Maryland CNC Test, suggesting that this measure can distinguish among varying degrees of word recognition ability. PMID- 6517749 TI - Middle-latency auditory components in response to clicks and low- and middle frequency tone pips (0.5-1 kHz). AB - Middle-latency auditory components (MLC) in response to clicks and tone pips have been recorded in 20 normal subjects, aged between 26 and 32 years, in order to verify their reliability in response to frequency-specific stimuli (0.5 and 1kHz). The results indicate a good reliability of MLC obtained when using tone pips. The responses show the conventionally labeled Po, Na, Nb, Pb waves. The latencies of these waves tend to be greater than those of the corresponding waves elicited by clicks and their amplitudes are smaller. This is probably due to an asynchrony of the responses. The Po and Pa waves are the most resistant to decreasing stimulus intensity, as both are clearly detectable down to 20 dB nHL, but Po is the best threshold index because at 20 dB it has a more clear-cut shape than Pa. According to the latency values obtained for MLC elicited by both clicks and tone pips, the Po wave is probably generated at the inferior colliculus level. The latency shift towards the click-elicited Jewett wave V is mainly due to the different filter settings employed. The morphology of MLC elicited by tone pips is less affected by changes in stimulus frequency than that of corresponding auditory brainstem responses. Thus, MLC are a reliable indicator for defining low and middle-frequency auditory thresholds. PMID- 6517750 TI - Effects of the ovarian and contraceptive cycles on absolute thresholds, auditory fatigue and recovery from temporary threshold shifts at 4 and 6 kHz. AB - Absolute thresholds at 4 and 6 kHz were tested in three sessions before and after 20 min of exposure to 105 dB(A) pink noise in 12 young normal-cycling females, 11 young females on oral contraceptives and 8 young men. Women on contraceptives showed lower resting thresholds, larger temporary threshold shift (TTS) and higher recovery rates than normal-cycling females. The analysis of resting thresholds, auditory fatigue and recovery from auditory fatigue did not evidence any sex-linked difference. Significant differences linked to the phases of the menstrual cycle and of the contraceptive cycle were observed during recovery from auditory fatigue at 4 kHz and in resting thresholds at 6 kHz. Application of Kendall's coefficient of concordance confirmed these results. Absolute thresholds were highest at menstruation and lowest in the postovulatory phase in normal cycling females and in women on oral contraceptives, during the days of pill ingestion. Oral contraception is probably a more important factor of change in hearing performance than the phases of the menstrual cycle. PMID- 6517751 TI - An evaluation of 40-Hz event-related potentials in young children. AB - In order to investigate the clinical utility of the 40-Hz event-related potential (40-Hz ERP) for young children, the effects of stimulus rate on the amplitude of the auditory brain stem response-Na deflection were compared between adults and young children. A prominent increase in the amplitude was observed in the adult subjects with stimulus rates of 35 and 40/s. On the contrary, no amplitude increment was found in the responses from young children at these stimulus rates. The mean amplitude of the responses from young children tended to decrease at stimulus rates above 30/s. These results show that precautions must be taken in the clinical application of 40-Hz ERP to infants and young children. PMID- 6517752 TI - A survey of quality of clinical entry. PMID- 6517753 TI - General issues in quality assurance. PMID- 6517755 TI - Management and the medical profession. PMID- 6517754 TI - Assessing physiotherapy effectiveness. Process/outcome studies. PMID- 6517756 TI - Submission to Law Reform Commission Australia on reference of evidence laws. Burden of proof. PMID- 6517757 TI - Freedom of information--the Victorian experience. PMID- 6517758 TI - Effect of a continuous criteria--related medical audit on aspects of patient care. PMID- 6517759 TI - Synthesis and degradation of labelled glycogen pools in preimplantation mouse embryos during short periods of in vitro culture. AB - The incorporation and turnover of glucose carbon by mouse embryos during short periods of in vitro culture were studied using [U-14C]glucose as marker. Particular attention was given to the synthesis and degradation of the acid soluble and acid-insoluble glycogen pools. During a 5-h culture period, incorporation into all fractions isolated increased during development from the 1 cell to the early blastocyst stage. During maturation of the blastocyst, incorporation into acid-insoluble glycogen fell whilst that into acid-soluble glycogen continued to rise linearly over this 24 h period. At the late blastocyst stage over 80% of total glucose carbon accumulated was in this latter fraction. The decrease in acid-insoluble glycogen observed above was found to occur as a sudden change between 96 and 104 h post-hCG. The turnover of glucose carbon incorporated into the glycogen pools was studied using pulse-chase culture techniques. The results indicate that the considerable amounts of glycogen accumulated at the later stages of preimplantation development cannot act as a major energy source in vitro except in the absence of energy substrates. Under these conditions of energy starvation, however, the breakdown of acid-insoluble glycogen is inhibited. The findings show that the late preimplantation embryo accumulates large amounts of acid-soluble glycogen in vitro due to increased rate of synthesis and low rate of degradation. It is suggested that the falling levels of glycogen reported in the uterine embryo are most likely a result of environment factors other than the availability of energy substrates. PMID- 6517760 TI - Effect of human seminal plasma and mouse accessory gland extracts on mouse fertilization in vitro. AB - The mouse in vitro fertilization system was used to investigate the effect of human seminal plasma (HSP) on the fertilizing ability of mouse spermatozoa. The addition of HSP to freshly collected mouse epididymal spermatozoa decreased their fertilizing ability to 30%, compared with 85-90% for control spermatozoa not exposed to HSP or for spermatozoa that had been exposed to the capacitating system for 55-145 min (which allowed capacitation to occur before the addition of HSP). Human seminal plasma from a vasectomized donor was more effective in retarding the acquisition of fertilizing ability in mouse spermatozoa than was seminal plasma from non-vasectomized donors. Fluid from the prostate glands and seminal vesicles of mice also reduced the fertilizing ability of freshly collected mouse spermatozoa to 30%. PMID- 6517761 TI - Development of myometrial electrical activity during the first half of pregnancy in the sheep. AB - Uterine myoelectrical activity was recorded in seven pregnant sheep covering the period between 13 and 75 days post-coitum. Activity in the myometrium was present at day 13 and took the form of intermittent spikes of low amplitude. Bursts of spikes of irregular duration became noticeable between days 25 and 40 but most were not coordinated throughout the myometrium. Coordinated bursts of myoelectrical activity, which could be recorded at several sites simultaneously, first appeared between 40 and 65 days. These bursts had similar characteristics to the myoelectrical activity associated with uterine contractions during the last third of gestation. The myoelectrical activity showed a progressive increase in amplitude during the first half of gestation. There was no relationship between plasma progesterone levels and the increase in amplitude or appearance of coordinated bursts of uterine activity. PMID- 6517762 TI - Douglas and Tinaroo viruses: two Simbu group arboviruses infecting Culicoides brevitarsis and livestock in Australia. AB - Two Australian members of the Simbu group, Douglas and Tinaroo viruses, were found to be distinct, by virus-neutralization tests, from three previously known Simbu group viruses isolated in Australia, namely Akabane, Aino and Peaton viruses. A low-titre, two-way, cross-reaction was noted between Akabane and Tinaroo viruses. Antibody to Tinaroo and Douglas viruses was detected in serum from cattle, buffalo, sheep, goats and deer but not in humans, pigs, kangaroos and wallabies. The results for horses were inconclusive. The distribution of antibodies to each virus falls mainly within the geographical distribution of the biting midge Culicoides brevitarsis, an insect from which each virus has been isolated. PMID- 6517763 TI - Monoclonal antibodies specific for blood groups A and B. AB - Monoclonal antibodies have been produced with specificity for human blood group A following the immunization of mice with group A1 cells. The antibodies produced were of low titre and poor avidity and were therefore unsuitable as manual grouping reagents. However, in 6,524 automated tests on the Technicon BG15 monoclonal anti-A performed as well as the standard human anti-A reagent. Monoclonal anti-B antibodies were produced from a BALB/c mouse immunized with a combination of group B cells and B substance. One antibody, B/C9/F7, performed well in screening tests with avidity reactions less than 10 seconds with all B, A1B and A2B cells tested. This antibody performed with 100% accuracy in an automated test trial involving 1,018 samples. The suitability of these antibodies as blood grouping reagents is discussed. PMID- 6517764 TI - Migration of polymorphonuclear neutrophils and macrophages from bone marrow to the peritoneal cavity after (3H)-thymidine labelling of rat tibial bone marrow in vivo. AB - The kinetics of migration of bone marrow cells to the peritoneal cavity have been studied using in vivo labelling of the marrow of the rat tibia with (methyl-3H) thymidine (TdR). The incorporation of 3H into DNA is directly related to the amount infused over a thirty-minute period, though only 2-3% of the infused dose is incorporated into DNA in the bone. Autoradiography has shown widespread labelling of bone marrow cells throughout the tibia. Band cells and polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) show an increase in labelling during the 2-3 days after infusion, confirming the maturation of granulocytes prior to their release to the circulation. The disappearance of 3H-labelled DNA from the bone occurs rapidly during the 3 days after infusion of TdR with a half-life (t1/2) of 1.4-1.7 days. There is a concomitant increase in the specific activity of DNA in peritoneal cells elicited by agar, particularly in the macrophage (M phi). Labelling of PMN in the peritoneal exudate occurs only when agar is injected from 2-4 days after infusion of TdR. The time for maturation of PMN in the rat bone marrow (BM) (2-3 days) has been confirmed, and the method of labelling permits both measurement of the migration of cells from BM to peritoneal cavity and an estimate of the rates of migration. PMID- 6517765 TI - Intestinal antibodies in rats following exposure to live Vibrio cholerae. AB - Indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay methods were used to characterize the primary, secondary and tertiary antibody responses of rats to the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and heat-sensitive surface-associated (HSSA) antigens of V. cholerae in the major immunoglobulin classes of serum, intestinal mucus and bile following intestinal injections of live organisms. Antibody production following the first injection was limited to the IgG and IgM classes of serum and the IgA class of bile but a second dose given 14 days later induced significant responses in all Ig classes of the three materials. Two contacts with the organism established effective, possibly long term, memory; large increases in serum IgG and intestinal mucus IgG and IgA anti-LPS antibody concentrations occurred when the organism was given 6 weeks later, but anti-HSSA production following the third injection was not significantly greater than during the secondary response. The results also suggest that while anti-LPS antibodies of all three Ig classes are formed in the intestinal lymphoid tissues, local anti HSSA antibody is restricted to the IgA and IgG classes. Excretion of antibodies in bile does not directly correlate with responses in local and peripheral lymphoid tissues. It is suggested that the hepato-biliary system may be as important to antibody-mediated immunity in the intestine as are the active and passive transepithelial mechanisms of antibody secretion. PMID- 6517766 TI - Microfibrillar protein from elastic tissue: a critical evaluation. AB - Many workers have claimed to have isolated proteins which have been derived from the microfibrillar components of elastic tissue. Virtually all of these preparations have been derived from extracts made with strong solutions of guanidinium chloride (GuHCl) under reducing conditions following Ross and Bornstein (1969). The products have ranged from heterogeneous mixtures of proteins to discrete glycoproteins. In no case has identity between an individual protein and the elastin-associated microfibrils been confirmed by immunoelectron microscopy. We have undertaken a detailed re-examination of the extractability of elastin-associated microfibrils and of the composition of the extracts from foetal bovine nuchal ligament. Finely homogenized samples were subjected to a series of extractions (including cyclical treatments with GuHCl and purified bacterial collagenase) in the presence of inhibitors of protease activity. Under these conditions it has been shown that--(i) microfibrils were removed progressively by GuHCl, throughout the extraction schedule, without the need for reduction; (ii) all remaining microfibrils were removed by reductive GuHCl extraction; (iii) the product from this reductive extraction consisted of a heterogeneous mixture of proteins including several glycoproteins; (iv) a major antigenic constituent of the mixture of proteins localized to elastin-associated microfibrils, as shown by immunoelectron microscopy. It is concluded that, while reductive GuHCl extracts do contain components with antigenic activity that is localized on elastin-associated microfibrils, they have many non-microfibrillar components. We stress that claims that a macromolecule is microfibrillar must be substantiated by immunoelectron microscopy. PMID- 6517767 TI - Experimental studies on the pathogenicity of Vibrio mimicus strains isolated in Bangladesh. AB - Vibrio mimicus, a newly described species of the genus Vibrio has been isolated from stools of 14 patients with diarrhoea. Live cells of all the 14 strains tested caused accumulation of fluid in rabbit gut loops and diarrhoea in infant rabbits. Culture filtrates of all the strains caused increased capillary permeability in rabbit skin; however, five of the filtrates resembled cholera toxin in that they gave positive reactions in rabbit loops, chinese hamster ovarian and mouse adrenal cell monolayers and GM1 ELISA tests and were neutralized by cholera antitoxin. None of the strains produced heat-stable toxin or possessed invasive capability as determined by Sereny's test. Thus, V. mimicus strains were divided into a group which produced a toxin immunobiologically similar to cholera toxin and the rest producing a heat-labile toxin unrelated to that of V. cholerae. PMID- 6517768 TI - Rehabilitation engineering: the perceived needs from a physician's viewpoint. PMID- 6517769 TI - Quantitative electroneurography: assessment of facial nerve palsy. PMID- 6517770 TI - A low-cost impedance based cryosurgical temperature measurement unit. PMID- 6517772 TI - Energy independence of effective atomic number in the range 50-100 keV. PMID- 6517771 TI - The effect of anneal cycle on the thermoluminescence glow curve, sensitivity and background. PMID- 6517773 TI - Opening address 1984 Conference Engineering and Physics in the Life Sciences. PMID- 6517774 TI - Rehabilitation engineering. PMID- 6517775 TI - Stocking rate effects on the worm burdens of Angora goats and Merino sheep. AB - Worm egg counts of yearling Angora or Merino wethers grazing in mixed flocks at either 4/ha or 8/ha were observed over a 5 month period. Based on faecal egg counts infection levels in the sheep increased for the first 3 months and then decreased as the animals developed resistance. Egg counts in the goats did not decrease during the experiment. Post mortem worm counts indicated that there was a significant host species--stocking rate interaction on worm burdens of Haemonchus contortus adults and Ostertagia circumcincta adults and larvae. Goats had more H. contortus and O. circumcincta adults than sheep at the 8/ha stocking rate. At 4/ha goats had fewer O. circumcincta fourth stage larvae than sheep. There was no stocking rate effect on the numbers of Trichostrongylus axei or T. colubriformis. Sheep had more T. axei and fewer T. colubriformis than goats. PMID- 6517776 TI - The effectiveness of levamisole hydrochloride against the microfilaria of Dirofilaria immitis. AB - Levamisole hydrochloride was an efficient microfilaricide when used in dogs at a dosage of 10 mg/kg twice daily for 14 days. Increasing the dose rate every 3 days to 10 mg/kg twice daily and maintaining it at 10 mg/kg twice daily for a further 8 days, was also effective but a dosage of 5 mg/kg twice daily for 21 days was less effective and a dose rate of 20 mg/kg was efficient, but toxic. PMID- 6517777 TI - Serum biochemical changes in calves with Johne's disease. AB - Calves clinically affected with experimentally induced Johne's disease exhibited elevation of caeruloplasmin oxidase activity, and marked depression of alpha mannosidase activity during the period when clinical signs of the disease were most prominent. Changes in serum copper levels and alkaline phosphatase activity were closely correlated with the elevation of caeruloplasmin oxidase activity, and depression of alpha-mannosidase activity. The pattern of these changes was similar to nutritional and metabolic changes described previously in acute infectious conditions in man and animals. PMID- 6517778 TI - A congenital vascular naevus in a foal. AB - This paper describes a case of a congenital vascular malformation in the skin of a colt. The lesion arose at the coronary border of the right hind leg. The microscopic structure of a biopsy suggested that the lesion, consisting of multiple foci of closely-packed convoluted small vessels in the dermis, represented a marked exaggeration of glomi which normally occur in considerable numbers in this region of the skin. On the basis of the clinical, macroscopic and histological findings, this lesion was considered to be an hamartoma, rather than a true tumour, and was therefore termed a congenital vascular naevus. The foal is remaining under observation to determine the eventual outcome of the lesion. PMID- 6517779 TI - Cestrum parqui (green cestrum) poisoning in cattle. AB - Naturally occurring cases of poisoning of cattle by Cestrum parqui were characterised by ataxia, depression, recumbency, convulsions and death. Three cattle were dosed experimentally by intrarumenal administration of fresh plant material. One calf died 48 h after receiving 30 g (wet weight) of plant/kg bodyweight. Doses of 11 and 17 g/kg caused only mild intoxication, with dullness and anorexia lasting 2 days. In natural and experimental cases the main lesion was hepatic periacinar necrosis. Elevated levels of plasma aspartate transaminase and prolonged prothrombin times were demonstrated in experimental cases. Haemorrhage beneath the serosa and into the intestinal lumen occurred in field cases, but not in the experimental. It is concluded that C. parqui poisoning in cattle is a primary hepatotoxicity. PMID- 6517780 TI - Staphylococcal necrosis of the head of the femur in broiler chickens. PMID- 6517781 TI - Oxidised copper wire as a copper supplement for sheep: a study of some variables which may alter copper availability. PMID- 6517782 TI - Ketamine HCL and diazepam anaesthesia of a leopard seal (Hydrurga leptonyx) for the biopsy of multiple fibromatous epulis. PMID- 6517783 TI - Vaterite gallstones in a canary (Serinus canarius). PMID- 6517784 TI - Fungal granuloma in a horse. PMID- 6517785 TI - Scapulohumeral luxation with treatment by closed reduction in a horse. PMID- 6517786 TI - Isolation of Haemophilus somnus from vaginitis and cervicitis in dairy cattle. PMID- 6517787 TI - Tyzzer's disease in a foal. PMID- 6517788 TI - Development of an artificial infection technique for examining the susceptibility of sheep to Dermatophilus congolensis. PMID- 6517789 TI - Kidney disease of sheep, associated with infection by leptospires of the Sejroe serogroup. PMID- 6517791 TI - Systemic candidiasis in a grey kangaroo. PMID- 6517790 TI - The elimination of Anaplasma marginale from carrier cattle by treatment with long acting oxytetracycline. PMID- 6517792 TI - Limited Wegener's granulomatosis. PMID- 6517793 TI - Echocardiographic diagnosis of cardiac tumours--Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne experience, 1979-1983. PMID- 6517794 TI - Renal oncocytoma. PMID- 6517795 TI - The coexistence of obstruction and reflux in children. PMID- 6517796 TI - Micturating cysto-urethrography as a cause of bacteraemia in childhood. PMID- 6517797 TI - Retroperitoneal fibrosis presenting with venous obstruction: a phlebographic and computed tomography study. A report of two cases. PMID- 6517798 TI - Contrast media deaths. PMID- 6517799 TI - Assessment of the accuracy of C.T. staging of bladder tumours. PMID- 6517800 TI - Central giant cell reparative granuloma of the mandible in children (report of four cases). PMID- 6517801 TI - Rare forms of chronic osteomyelitis (multifocal recurrent periostitis and chronic symmetric osteomyelitis--report of 3 cases). PMID- 6517802 TI - A trial of radiation dose prescription based on dose-cell survival formula. PMID- 6517803 TI - Radiation dosimetry descriptors applied to four CT scanners in New Zealand. PMID- 6517804 TI - Preparing for final radiology examinations. PMID- 6517806 TI - Completing the change to SI units in radiation medicine. PMID- 6517805 TI - The virgin and child, three saints and a donor. A case report. PMID- 6517807 TI - Brain parenchyma penetration by metrizamide following lumbar myelography. PMID- 6517808 TI - Principles of radiological practice. PMID- 6517809 TI - A computerized system for radiological reporting. PMID- 6517810 TI - The sectional anatomy of the mediastinum. PMID- 6517811 TI - Calvarial doughnut lesions with osteoporosis, multiple fractures, dentinogenesis imperfecta and tumorous changes in the jaws. (Report of a case). PMID- 6517812 TI - Comparison of the tolerance of iohexol and ioxaglate in phlebography of the legs. PMID- 6517813 TI - Fetal echocardiography. PMID- 6517814 TI - Early schistosomiasis in a young immigrant. PMID- 6517815 TI - Comparison of rewarming by radio wave regional hyperthermia and warm humidified inhalation. AB - Anesthetized random source dogs were cooled by ice water immersion to a stable core temperature of 25 degrees C and subsequently rewarmed with warm humidified inhalation (43 degrees C, 450 cc of min ventilation X kg-1) or radio-frequency induction hyperthermia (4-6 watts X kg-1). The mean time required for core rewarming to 30 degrees C was 280 +/- 114 min for ventilation and 58 +/- 13 min for radio wave therapy (p less than 0.001). There was no evidence of tissue damage with either modality. These data suggest radio wave heating is superior to warm humidified inhalation therapy for core rewarming of rapidly induced immersion hypothermia. PMID- 6517816 TI - Effects of heat acclimation on atropine-impaired thermoregulation. AB - The effects of saline or atropine injection (2 mg, im) on eccrine sweating and performance time in seven healthy male subjects were evaluated during treadmill walking (1.34 m X s-1) in a hot-dry environment (Ta = 49 degrees C, Tdp = 20.5 degrees C) before and after heat acclimation (HA). Mean skin temperature (Tsk), rectal temperature (Tre), and heart rate (HR) were continuously measured. Sweat loss from the skin (Msw) was calculated by changes in body weight. HA resulted in decreased (p less than 0.05) Tre (0.4 degrees C) and HR (17 b X min-1), and increased (p less than 0.05) Msw (16 g X m-2 X h-1) during the saline experiments. Pre-acclimation, Msw was reduced (p less than 0.01) 65% (151 g X m-2 X h-1) with atropine, which resulted in higher (p less than 0.01) Tre (0.4 degrees C) and Tsk (2.8 degrees C). HR was increased 48% (53 b X min-1) by atropine pre-acclimation (p less than 0.01). Post-acclimation, atropine reduced (p less than 0.01) Msw 33% (100 g X m-2 X h-1) and increased (p less than 0.01) HR 63% (62 b X min-1) compared to saline exposures. The change in Tre X min-1 (delta Tre/delta t) was lower (p less than 0.05) in atropine-injected subjects following heat acclimation, and their worktime was improved by an average of 23.5 min (p = 0.08). These data demonstrate that heat acclimation improves the endurance time of atropine-treated subjects in a hot-dry environment. This improvement was, in part, due to the potentiation of sweat gland activity enabling greater evaporative cooling for the same dose of atropine. PMID- 6517817 TI - Hypothermia and electromagnetic rewarming in the rhesus monkey. AB - Five male rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) were subjected, under ketamine anesthesia, to repeated hypothermia treatments that produced an average rectal temperature of 28.3 degrees C. Following hypothermia induction, the subjects were rewarmed using either a ventrally applied surgical heating pad supplied with 35 degrees C water or a radio-frequency (RF) induction coil operating at 13.56 MHz with an average specific absorption rate (SAR) calculated to be approximately 5.5 W X kg-1. A special temperature probe, nonperturbing to RF, was used in the RF rewarming experiments. Control experiments were also conducted in which only ketamine was administered over a 3-h period. RF rewarming to 35 degrees C typically required only 50 min; whereas, an average of 137 min was required for heating-pad rewarming. Analyses of blood serum collected during and up to 48 h after hypothermia treatments showed elevations at 24 h in creatine phosphokinase (CPK), lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), and glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), and these elevations were highest for the ketamine controls and lowest for the RF rewarming experiments. The subjects have been periodically examined since these experiments, and all appear to be in good health. It is concluded that the careful application of RF energy to the central core of the body can successfully be used for rewarming purposes, is more effective than externally applied rewarming techniques, and is potentially useful in remote locations. PMID- 6517818 TI - Hypergravity effects on litter size, nursing activity, prolactin, TSH, T3, and T4 in the rat. AB - Hypergravity (HG) adapted rats were tested for mating ability, gestational time, fetal and newborn mortality, and nursing performances. Plasma and pituitary PRL and TSH and plasma T3 T4 were determined during 48 h peripartum. No difference was noticed in mating ability and gestation time. The number of fetuses was reduced in the HG rats (1 G- 12.9 +/- 0.5, 2.16 G-10.5 +/- 0.4, 3.14 G-9.4 +/- 0.5). None of the 3.14 G rats nursed their young, all of which were cannibalized. Of the 2.16 G rats, 50% nursed their pups, of which only half survived to weaning. The initial pituitary PRL of HG rats was lower than 1 G, but it increased postpartum, while the plasma PRL, which was very low, continued to decrease. Only postpartum was there a difference in plasma PRL between rats that previously nursed and those which did not nurse at 2.16 G. HG rats had lower T3 levels, indicating a hypermetabolic state during the peripartum, which worsened their normal relative hypothyroid state of pregnancy. Our conclusions are that exposure of pregnant rats to HG above 3 G has a lethal effect on the fetuses and newborns. Maternal PRL and T3 changes are possible reasons for this. PMID- 6517819 TI - Hypnosis in the investigation of aviation accidents. AB - The efficacy of hypnotic inquiry techniques with ten witnesses to six recent Naval aircraft accidents was evaluated in this study. Eight witnesses had been directly involved in an accident, five as mishap pilots. Interviews were conducted under conservative standards of practice after regular interviews had been completed and all depositions taken. Naval officers who accompanied the witness(es) to the interviews and concomitantly assisted the accident investigation boards served as the evaluators. Important information concerning the accidents was gained in the majority of the interviews. Secondary survival information of importance was obtained in a number of cases as well. None of the witnesses experienced psychological or career problems as a result of the interviews, and the hypnosis seemed highly therapeutic in some cases. Results suggest that hypnotic interview techniques with witnesses may be of great value in the investigations of certain aircraft accidents. PMID- 6517820 TI - The accident injury matrix and its use in diving injury investigations. AB - A conceptual matrix is proposed for the comprehensive investigation and analysis of injuries resulting from diving accidents. Its use allows for the identification of factors which contribute to the occurrence of the injury, factors which directly cause the specific injury, and factors which affect the extent of injury as well as the return of the diver to health. Strategies may be developed from the use of this matrix to prevent the recurrence of specific injuries as well as to lessen individual morbidity or mortality, damage to equipment, and socioeconomic losses which ensue from these accidents. PMID- 6517821 TI - Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors for prevention of space motion sickness: an avenue of investigation. AB - Space motion sickness (SMS) is an important medical problem facing NASA's space shuttle program. Two theories that have been advanced to explain SMS are the "fluid shift theory" and the "vestibulo-ocular sensory conflict theory". The "fluid shift theory" pre-supposes an active or passive shift of body fluid to the central nervous system (CNS) and vestibulo-auditory mechanisms. In contrast, the "sensory conflict theory" hypothesizes that unfamiliar accelerational and gravitational inputs from the middle ear conflict with visual inputs and lead to SMS. Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (CAHI) are known to suppress active production of CSF and may be able to inhibit production of perilymph in the semi-circular canals. Therefore, CAHI may be able to diminish the hypothesized fluid shift to the CNS and inner ear under the fluid shift theory. It is suggested that carbonic anhydrase inhibitors merit clinical investigation to test their usefulness for prophylaxis of space motion sickness and to test the veracity of the fluid shift theory. PMID- 6517822 TI - Cases from the aerospace medicine residents' teaching file. Case #2. An aviator with acoustic neuroma. AB - From the Aerospace medicine residents' teaching file: on aviator with acoustic neuroma. The clinical presentation, evaluation and disposition of a patient with an acoustic neuroma are discussed. PMID- 6517823 TI - Loss of cabin pressure in Canadian Forces ejection seat aircraft, 1962-1982. AB - A review of all aircraft accidents and incidents in the Canadian Forces over the last 20 years (1962-1982) has been carried out. There have been 47 cases of serious loss of cabin pressurization in ejection seat equipped aircraft. Altitudes varied from 15,000 to 54,000 ft (4,572-16,459 m). No one aircraft appears to be more vulnerable. The most common cause was problems with the canopy seal (25%). There were three cases of hypoxia and two cases of decompression sickness. No deaths or permanent injuries occurred. Loss of pressurization is an extremely low, but definite risk to the pilot and aeromedical training with practical demonstration in the hypobaric chamber should continue. PMID- 6517824 TI - The effects of ethanol intoxication on phobic anxiety. PMID- 6517825 TI - The menstrual symptom questionnaire: the validity of the distinction between spasmodic and congestive dysmenorrhea. PMID- 6517826 TI - Rachman and Hodgson (1974) a decade later: how do desynchronous response systems relate to the treatment of agoraphobia? PMID- 6517827 TI - The relationship between cognitive and erectile measures of sexual arousal in non rapist males as a function of depicted aggression. PMID- 6517828 TI - The experimental analysis of agoraphobia. PMID- 6517830 TI - Buddhism and behaviour modification. PMID- 6517831 TI - An experimental analysis of delayed posttraumatic stress. PMID- 6517829 TI - Midi-level measurement of social anxiety in psychiatric and non-psychiatric samples. PMID- 6517832 TI - Oral behavioral patterns in facial pain, headache and non-headache populations. PMID- 6517833 TI - Memory aids in reality orientation: a single-case study. PMID- 6517834 TI - A systems perspective on clinical management. AB - A process-tracing descriptive approach is described which is aimed at understanding the clinical management of diabetes mellitus both from the physician's and the patient's perspective. Physician/patient pairs were interviewed about their views of diabetes management. Content analysis and statement classification were used to develop a four-stage model for clinical management which successfully classified 98% of physician statements and 97% of patient statements. Both four-stage models can be combined with a simplified systems description of clinical diabetes to form a unitary systems model for clinical management. Video recording of routine clinic visits with stimulated recall by physicians suggests this systems view of management has considerable heuristic and explanatory potential. A case analysis is presented to illustrate the explanatory value of the systems perspective on difficult management problems. PMID- 6517835 TI - Cusp and butterfly catastrophe modeling of two opponent process models: drug addiction and work performance. AB - This article concerns a cross-level formal identity between systems at the level of the organism and the level of an organization. It discusses catastrophe modeling for a class of theories, opponent process models, particularly two that have been proposed for drug addiction and the job satisfaction-performance relationship. The resulting models are then expanded to butterfly catastrophes; results converge with models proposed from other vantage points. While job satisfaction and drug addiction appear to have little to do with each other, the mathematical modeling common to them offers a systemic link between an individual and a foreign chemical substance, and an individual within a job in an organization. PMID- 6517836 TI - Quantitative microphotometric succinate dehydrogenase histochemistry in human nephron. AB - A simple method for microphotometric evaluation of cryostat sections from human renal tissue routinely stained for succinate dehydrogenase activity by means of tetranitro-blue tetrazolium chloride is described and tested for validity. Manual absorbance measurement within single nephron segments from the same section allows to directly visualize the distribution pattern of this enzyme along the nephron. Photometric data can be expressed in relative enzyme activities by using the cortical collecting ducts within the same section as reference. This allows to compare measurements of different kidney sections stained by various incubation procedures. The agreement found between relative succinate dehydrogenase activities and recently published morphometric data on mitochondrial inner membranes along the rat nephron suggests that quantitative succinate dehydrogenase microphotometry is a useful histochemical tool for the assessment of renal mitochondrial cristae membranes. PMID- 6517837 TI - The use of (3H) thymidine-adsorbed on activated charcoal for the study of non premitotic DNA synthesis in newborn rat hepatocytes. AB - DNA synthesis in newborn rat hepatocytes was studied in the first three days of life by means of repeated injections of (3H) thymidine. One group of animals was treated with the label adsorbed on activated charcoal (experimental group) and another group (controls) was given the label diluted in saline. The specific activity of DNA was higher in control group, but its increase was not linear with time; in the experimental group, the radioactivity was lower, but its increase with time was linear. The percentage of labeled nuclei was higher in the experimental animals than in the controls and increased linearly with time. The average number of grains/nucleus was considerably smaller in the experimental group than in the controls, in which also the percentage of labeled cells showed considerable variations during the first three days of life. It is concluded that activated charcoal adsorption increases label availability with time and, by keeping a lower label concentration in the pool, reduces the risk of radiation damage. PMID- 6517838 TI - Histamine uptake by leukocytes in vitro. AB - Human leukocytes at the concentration of 10(6) cells/ml were incubated for 1h at 37.5 degrees C in a tris-albumin buffer, containing 0, 6.25, 12.5, 25, 50, and 100 micrograms/ml of histamine. Histamine uptake was measured by a photofluorometric method. We found that the leukocytes take up exogenous histamine and attain respective intracellular concentration of 307%, 423%, 438%, 1000% and 645% above controls. It was found that neutrophils and eosinophils possess the greatest capacity to take up exogenous histamine whereas, contrary to the expectation, basophils display poor capacity. PMID- 6517839 TI - Application of the Giemsa-11 technique in cytogenetic analysis of leukemic patients. AB - Cultures of bone marrow obtained from patients with various forms of leukemia have been stained by the Giemsa-11 technique. The results suggest that this method can be utilized for the constant monitoring of numerical and structural anomalies in chromosome 9. Furthermore, by varying the pH, this technique can be applied not only to freshly prepared slides but also to stained preparations stored for many months. PMID- 6517840 TI - [Significance of computerized tomography in skeletal traumatologic diagnosis]. PMID- 6517841 TI - [Determination of tensile strength of compressive external fixation assemblies]. PMID- 6517842 TI - [Reiter operation in the operative treatment of flatfoot]. PMID- 6517843 TI - [Limits and possibilities of Imhauser's 3 dimensional restoration osteotomy]. PMID- 6517844 TI - [Sacrococcygeal chordoma]. PMID- 6517845 TI - [Fasinex (triclabendazole)--a new fasciolicide]. PMID- 6517846 TI - [The biology of Eimeria leuckarti (Flesch, 1883) in Equidae]. PMID- 6517847 TI - [Seasonal occurrence of pests (Diptera) on pastured cattle in Chiemgau during the pasturing period 1983]. PMID- 6517848 TI - [Dicrocoeliasis of sheep: studies of the pathogenesis and regeneration of the liver following therapy]. PMID- 6517849 TI - Esterase-23 (ES-23): characterization of a new carboxylesterase isozyme (EC 3.1.1.1) of the house mouse, genetically linked to ES-2 on chromosome 8. AB - Genetic variation of a carboxylesterase isozyme (EC 3.1.1.1) of the house mouse, designated ES-23, is described. ES-23 was found in kidney, liver, and intestine. The isozyme was resistant to inhibition by 10(-3) mol/liter eserine and was stained using alpha-naphthyl butyrate or 5-bromoindoxyl acetate as substrate. Five different phenotypes, ES-23A to ES-23E, could be distinguished by disc electrophoresis and by isoelectric focusing. ES-23 is controlled by a structural locus situated within the esterase gene cluster 2 on chromosome 8. An analysis of allele distribution among different strains suggested a separate structural locus for the isozyme, Es-23e, which is closely linked to the loci Es-2, Es-5, Es-7, and Es-11. Of the five phenotypes, only ES-23B was expressed in lung. This variation is apparently controlled by a cis-acting regulatory element, presumably a temporal locus, Es-23t, closely linked to the presumed structural locus Es-23e. PMID- 6517851 TI - Heterogeneity of Es-1 esterases in the rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus). AB - Analysis of the Es-1 system in the rabbit with polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) revealed a high degree of individual variation. In the liver the number of esterase bands found in the Es-1 region of the gels ranged from 2 to 16. The results indicate that one locus with three alleles is responsible for all of the esterase bands in the Es-1 region. The most plausible explanation for the observed heterogeneity is that each of the alleles codes for a protein (MW 65,000 +/- 2000) that is changed by posttranslational modifications, thus giving rise to two to five monomeric enzymes with esterase activity. Polymerization of these monomers then results in 1-11 dimers. Based on similarities with mouse Es-9, chromosomal homology between rabbit Es-1 and mouse Es-9 is proposed. PMID- 6517852 TI - Differences of frequency distributions of plasminogen phenotypes between Japanese and American populations: new methods for the detection of plasminogen variants. AB - Frequency distributions of various plasminogen phenotypes in Japanese and American white populations were studied using electrofocusing in polyacrylamide gels followed by zymography and immunofixation. Using a synthetic substrate, tosyl-lysine-alpha-naphthyl ester, for zymography allowed zymography and immunofixation to be performed sequentially on the same gel plate. By this method, a nonfunctional abnormal plasminogen variant, plasminogen Tochigi, was readily detected in both plasma and serum. The gene frequency of this abnormal variant in a Japanese population was 0.018, whereas the abnormal variant was not detected in an American white population, suggesting the very rare occurrence of this variant in whites. Two common alleles, A and B, clearly identified in neuraminidase-treated samples, were observed at gene frequencies of 0.98 and 0.003, respectively, in the Japanese. These values are significantly different from the reported values in whites of 0.69 for A and 0.3 for B. PMID- 6517850 TI - Molecular characterization of fetal antigens on red blood cells of chickens, Japanese quail, and quail-chicken hybrids. AB - The molecular nature of chicken fetal antigen (CFA) and quail fetal antigen (QFA) was studied on embryonic red blood cells (RBCs) of the chicken, the Japanese quail, and the quail-chicken hybrid. Specific immunoprecipitation of radiolabeled membrane proteins followed by electrophoretic separation and autoradiography were used to identify the protein molecules carrying these fetal antigens. CFA was found on molecules of 24, 50, 88, 99, 130, 170, and 220 kd (kilodaltons) in the chicken and hybrid and on molecules of 24, 50, 99, and 170 kd in the Japanese quail. Similarly, quail fetal antigen was associated with 24-, 50-, 99-, and 170 kd molecules in the quail and hybrid and was not detected in the chicken. Partial proteolytic digestion of the 50- and 170-kd molecules isolated from RBCs of all sources showed remarkably similar peptide patterns. Likewise, two-dimensional separation of the CFA-positive and QFA-positive 50-kd molecules from quail RBCs revealed a similar pattern of at least nine isomorphic variants. Sequential depletions of quail embryonic RBC extracts with either anti-CFA or anti-QFA followed by immune precipitation with the reciprocal antiserum suggested that most of the cell surface proteins carrying QFA also have CFA on the same molecules. It is suggested that specific glycosylations of a variety of distinct molecular weight proteins determines the antigenic phenotype characterized as "fetal antigens." PMID- 6517853 TI - Linkage of diabetes insipidus and agouti genes in the rat. AB - Linkage of the hooded (h), agouti (A), and diabetes insipidus (di) genes was found in (ACI X DI)F1 X DI backcross rats. The genetic map distance A-di for females and for males was 19 +/- 5 and 28 +/- 5 cM, respectively. However, this difference was not significant. The combined data showed the map distance to be 25 +/- 4 cM. The three-point cross showed the following corrected distances and order of genes: h-42 +/- 4-A-25 +/- 4-di. However, the linkage of h and A, although significant (chi 2 = 9.03, P less than 0.001), is only tentative and must be confirmed by additional studies. PMID- 6517854 TI - Biosynthesis of cat hemoglobins: translation of poly(A)-RNA from animals of various HbA/HbB phenotypes. AB - The molecular basis for the genetic control of variable proportions of the two hemoglobins in domestic cat blood was investigated. Both major hemoglobins of cat blood, HbA (alpha 2 beta A2) and HbB (alpha 2 beta B2), were synthesized in an mRNA-dependent rabbit reticulocyte system using poly(A)-RNA from cat reticulocyte polysomes as the source of the message. The relative amounts of HbA and HbB synthesized in the system were a function of the HbA/HbB phenotype of the cat from which the reticulocytes and poly(A)-RNA were obtained. Higher ratios of HbA/HbB synthesis were found when the source of poly(A)-RNA was the polysomes from a 90/10 (HbA/HbB) phenotype than when it was from a 50/50 (HbA/HbB) phenotype. These results indicate that the variable proportions of HbA and HbB found in the blood of different members of the cat population result from the genetic control of the relative amounts of functional beta A and beta B mRNA. PMID- 6517855 TI - Ribosomal RNA contents of maize genotypes with different ribosomal RNA gene numbers. AB - Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) contents were determined in 16 maize genotypes whose individual rRNA gene numbers varied from 5000 to 23,000 per 2C nucleus. Analytical polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of total RNA showed that no obvious relation existed between rRNA gene number and rRNA content. Only two of nine common inbred lines contained more rRNA than W-23, the inbred with the lowest rRNA gene number. Two of four lines with altered protein content (due to long term experimental selection) had rRNA contents significantly reduced from those of W-23. A line with an apparent duplication of the nucleolus organizer region of chromosome 6 (called 2-NOR) was expected to possess an elevated quantity of rRNA because it possesses a larger nucleolus; however, we produced a 2-NOR isogenic version and found no difference in rRNA content. The rRNA genes in maize are distributed throughout the NOR-heterochromatin and the NOR-secondary constriction portions of the NOR. The absence of an obvious correlation between rRNA gene number and cellular rRNA content may reflect the presence of a large number of rRNA genes in an inactive state, at least during the stage of growth examined in these experiments. PMID- 6517856 TI - Subunit hybridization and immunological studies of duplicated phosphoglucose isomerase isozymes. AB - We examined structural and functional properties of the recently duplicated cytosolic isozymes of phosphoglucose isomerase (PGI) (EC 5.3.1.9) of the wild plant Clarkia xantiana and related species. A new purification protocol yielded PGIs with high specific activities. The duplicated PGI isozymes showed similar substrate affinities (apparent Km) in both catalytic directions. A newly devised competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), using polyclonal antibodies, distinguished sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-denatured PGIs coded by the duplicated loci but did not discriminate between allelic products of one of the loci. In vitro dissociation and reassociation experiments revealed that the duplicated subunits differed in their efficiency of reassociation. The difference was closely correlated with differences between the isozymes in their in vivo accumulation. In contrast, allelic subunits in species with or without the duplication were able to reassociate with similar efficiency. The duplicated PGI isozymes have diverged more in structural properties than kinetic ones. The total evidence suggests that mechanisms have evolved which reduce the potential consequences of the duplication. PMID- 6517857 TI - Biochemical characterization of the component parts of intestinal mucin from patients with cystic fibrosis. AB - Previous studies have shown that human small-intestinal mucin consists of high-Mr glycoproteins and a smaller S-S-bonded protein of 118 kDa. The major antigenic determinants of the mucin were associated with the large glycoproteins, but depended for stability on intact disulphide bonds, and were destroyed by digestion with Pronase. In the present study we isolated and analysed the component parts of mucin from patients with cystic fibrosis with special attention being paid to the peptide constituents. After reduction with 0.2 M-beta mercaptoethanol [5 min, 100 degrees C in 1% SDS (sodium dodecyl sulphate)], the large glycoproteins and smaller peptide with an apparent molecular size of 118 kDa were separated by equilibrium density-gradient centrifugation in CsCl, Sepharose 4B chromatography or preparative SDS/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis. The large glycoproteins contained about 70% of the protein of the native mucin. Digestion with Pronase resulted in a further loss of 'naked' protein (10% of the native mucin protein) from the C-terminal end of the glycoprotein peptide core, and left behind highly glycosylated proteins comprised mainly (70 mol%) of threonine, serine and proline. The 118 kDa component, which contained about 30% of the native mucin protein, consisted mainly of aspartic acid, serine, glutamic acid and glycine (40 mol%), plus threonine, proline, alanine, valine and leucine (35 mol%). Together with the 'naked' protein segment, the 118 kDa component contained most of the cysteine residues of the native mucin. Surprisingly, the peptide also contained carbohydrate (less than or equal to 5% of the native mucin carbohydrate but 50% by weight of the 118 kDa component), which included 9 mol% mannose, suggesting the presence of N-linked oligosaccharides. The peptide exhibited strong non-covalent interactions with the high-Mr glycoproteins and a tendency to self-aggregate in the absence of dissociating agents. Our findings therefore suggest that native mucin consists of large glycoproteins capable of forming disulphide bridges from their C-terminal 'naked' (antigenic) regions to a smaller glycopeptide having an Mr of 118 000. PMID- 6517858 TI - Accumulation of the inositol phosphates in thrombin-stimulated, washed rabbit platelets in the presence of lithium. AB - Experiments with washed rabbit platelets demonstrate that stimulation with a low concentration of thrombin (0.1 unit/ml), that causes maximal aggregation and partial release of amine granule contents, also causes increased accumulation of [3H]inositol-labelled inositol trisphosphate (InsP3) in the presence of 20 mM Li+. This concentration of Li+ was found to inhibit the degradation of inositol phosphates by phosphomonoesterases. This result indicates that phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate [PtdIns(4,5)P2] is degraded early after platelet stimulation with thrombin, although in a previous study we had found no decrease in amount. In the absence of Li+, the labelling of inositol bisphosphate (InsP2) increased more rapidly than that of InsP3, consistent with rapid degradation of InsP3 by phosphomonoesterase. After 30s the increase in InsP2 was augmented by Li+. This increase in InsP2 could have been due to increased degradation of phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate or inhibition of breakdown of InsP2 to InsP with a lesser inhibition of breakdown of InsP3 to InsP2. The effect on InsP3 and InsP2 of stimulation of the platelets with 1.0 unit of thrombin/ml was comparable with the effect of the lower concentration of thrombin. Inositol phosphate (InsP) labelling did not increase in response to 0.1 unit of thrombin/ml, but increased when the platelets were stimulated with 1.0 unit of thrombin/ml. Whether the increase in InsP was due to increased degradation of phosphatidylinositol or a greater rate of breakdown of InsP2 to InsP than InsP to inositol cannot be determined in these experiments. These results indicate that degradation of PtdIns(4,5)P2 is an early event in platelet activation by thrombin and that formation of inositol phosphates and 1,2-diacylglycerol rather than a decrease in PtdIns(4,5)P2 may be the important change. PMID- 6517859 TI - The role of lipid peroxidation in the N-oxidation of 4-chloroaniline. AB - Irradiation with u.v. light of aerobic aqueous media containing both rabbit liver microsomal fraction and 4-chloroaniline results in N-oxidation of the arylamine. The reaction is severely blocked by exhaustive extraction with organic solvents of the microsomal membranes to remove lipids. Further, scavengers of OH. and O2. impair the photochemical process. These findings suggest that the observed phenomenon may be closely associated with light-induced lipid peroxidation. Indeed, N-oxidation of 4-chloroaniline is fully preserved when either phospholipid liposomes or dispersed linoleic acid substitute for intact microsomal fraction. Co-oxidation of the amine substrate occurs during iron/ascorbate-promoted lipid peroxidation also, but H2O2 or free OH. radicals do not appear to be involved. Cumene hydroperoxide-sustained rabbit liver microsomal turnover of the amine generates N-oxy product via O2-dependent and -independent pathways; propagation of lipid peroxidation is presumed to govern the former route. Lipid hydroperoxides, either exogenously added to rabbit liver microsomal suspensions or enzymically formed from arachidonic acid in ram seminal-vesicle microsomal preparations, support N-oxidation of 4-chloroaniline. The significance, in arylamine activation, of lipid peroxidation in certain extrahepatic tissues exhibiting but low mono-oxygenase activity is discussed. PMID- 6517860 TI - Effects of lysophospholipids on Ca2+ transport in rat liver mitochondria incubated at physiological Ca2+ concentrations in the presence of Mg2+, phosphate and ATP at 37 degrees C. AB - Lysophospholipids caused the release of 45Ca2+ from isolated rat liver mitochondria incubated at 37 degrees C in the presence of low concentrations of free Ca2+, ATP, Mg2+, and phosphate ions. The concentrations of lysophosphatidylethanolamine, lysophosphatidylcholine, lysophosphatidic acid and lysophosphatidylinositol which gave half-maximal effects were 5, 26, 40 and 56 microM, respectively. The effects of lysophosphatidylethanolamine were not associated with a significant impairment of the integrity of the mitochondria as monitored by measurement of membrane potential and the rate of respiration. Lysophosphatidylethanolamine did not induce the release of Ca2+ from a microsomal fraction, or enhance Ca2+ inflow across the plasma membrane of intact cells, but did release Ca2+ from an homogenate prepared from isolated hepatocytes and incubated under the same conditions as isolated mitochondria. The proportion of mitochondrial 45Ca2+ released by lysophosphatidylethanolamine was not markedly affected by altering the total amount of Ca2+ in the mitochondria, the concentration of extramitochondrial Mg2+, by the addition of Ruthenium Red, or when oleoyl lysophosphatidylethanolamine was employed instead of the palmitoyl derivative. The effects of 5 microM-lysophosphatidylethanolamine were reversed by washing the mitochondria. The possibility that lysophosphatidylethanolamine acts to release Ca2+ from mitochondria in intact hepatocytes following the binding of Ca2+-dependent hormones to the plasma membrane is briefly discussed. PMID- 6517861 TI - Increase of the activity state and loss of total activity of the branched-chain 2 oxo acid dehydrogenase in rat diaphragm during incubation. AB - Actual and total branched-chain 2-oxo acid dehydrogenase activities were determined in homogenates of incubated diaphragms from fed and starved rats. Incubation in Krebs-Ringer buffer increased the activity state, but caused considerable loss of total activity. Palmitate oxidation rates and citrate synthase activities did not significantly change on incubation. Starved muscles showed a higher extent of activation after 15 min of incubation (not after 30 and 60 min) and a smaller loss of total activity. Experiments with the transaminase inhibitor amino-oxyacetate confirm that the contribution of endogenous amino acids to the oxidation precursor pool is also smaller in diaphragms from starved rats on incubation in vitro. These phenomena together cause the higher 14CO2 production from 14C-labelled branched-chain amino acids and 2-oxo acids in muscles from starved than from fed rats. High concentrations of branched-chain 2 oxo acids, and the presence of 2-chloro-4-methyl-pentanoate, octanoate or ketone bodies, increase the extent of activation of the dehydrogenase complex; glucose and pyruvate had no effect. The observed changes of the activity state by these metabolites are discussed in relation to their interaction with branched-chain 2 oxo acid oxidation in incubated hemidiaphragms. PMID- 6517862 TI - Characterization of the phospholipid requirement of a rat liver beta-glucosidase. AB - The lipid requirement of membrane-bound rat liver beta-glucosidase was investigated using 4-methylumbelliferyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside as the substrate. The enzyme was solubilized and delipidated by sequential extraction of a crude lysosomal fraction from rat liver lysosomes with sodium cholate and ice-cold butan-1-ol. Neither saturated nor unsaturated phosphatidylcholine activated this enzyme. In contrast, acidic phospholipids like phosphatidylglycerol (PtdGro) and phosphatidylserine (PtdSer) were effective activators. For the PtdGro series, fatty acid composition was important, with the shorter chain or unsaturated fatty acid-containing PtdGro species being the best activators. Heat-stable factor (HSF) from Gaucher spleen by itself (1-2 micrograms) had no effect on enzyme activity. However, the same amount of HSF when combined with 10 micrograms of PtdSer markedly stimulated beta-glucosidase activity. In the presence of HSF, di 9-cis-octadecenoyl-PtdGro (1 microgram) or -PtdSer (5 micrograms) provided maximum protection of beta-glucosidase against heat (60 degrees C) inactivation. In the absence of phospholipids, HSF had no effect on the rate of inactivation of the enzyme by the suicide inhibitor conduritol B epoxide (t0.5, 12 +/- 0.5 min); the maximum rate of inactivation was achieved in the presence of a mixture of PtdGro (2.5-5 micrograms) and HSF (t0.5, 2.8 min). The combination of PtdSer (10 micrograms) and HSF (1.3 micrograms) lowered the Km for 4-methylumbelliferyl-beta D-glucopyranoside from 24 to 2.7 mM. Inhibition of the enzyme by the glucocerebrosidase substrate analogues N-hexyl-O-glucosylsphingosine and glucosylsphingosine was influenced by the activator substances. The inclusion of PtdSer and HSF in the beta-glucosidase assay medium lowered the Ki of N-hexyl-O glucosylsphingosine 20-fold. The same combination of activators decreased the I0.5 of the enzyme for glucosylsphingosine from 89.4 to 7.6 microM. A study of log (Vmax./Km) versus pH indicated that the PtdSer-HSF pair creates the active site of beta-glucosidase, making apparent three ionizable groups on the enzyme with pK values in the range 4.5-5.1. PMID- 6517863 TI - Photoaffinity labelling of mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase with arylazidoamorphigenin, an analogue of rotenone. AB - A photoaffinity-labelling analogue of the respiratory inhibitor rotenone was synthesized from the naturally occurring rotenoid amorphigenin. The analogue inhibits NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase activity at concentrations comparable with those of rotenone. Photolysis of the radiolabelled analogue bound to isolated NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase resulted in preferential incorporation of radioactivity into a polypeptide of Mr 33 000, particularly at low concentrations of the inhibitor. Preparations of the enzyme differ in a parallel fashion in the content of this polypeptide, the degree of photolabelling by the analogue and their sensitivity to rotenone, providing further evidence that the 33 000-Mr protein forms part of the rotenone-binding site. PMID- 6517864 TI - The low-density-lipoprotein pathway of native and chemically modified low-density lipoproteins isolated from plasma incubated in vitro. AB - Normal fasting human plasma was incubated for 24 h at 37 degrees C in the presence or absence of lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) inhibitors. The low-density lipoprotein (LDL) fractions of incubated plasma (control LDL and LCAT-modified LDL) were studied with respect to their chemical and functional properties. LCAT-modified LDL differed from control LDL by a decreased phospholipid and free-cholesterol content, but increased cholesteryl esters. Furthermore, an increase of the relative protein content in LDL by 16-20% was found. Apolipoproteins of LCAT-modified LDL exhibited a 10-fold increase of apo AI, a 4-5-fold increase of apo E, and a 2-fold increase of apo C. All these apolipoproteins resided together with apo B on the same particles. LCAT-modified LDL displayed a higher electrophoretic mobility, a higher hydrated density, a decreased flotation constant and a smaller diameter. Cultured human fibroblasts bound and internalized LCAT-modified LDL to a lower extent than control LDL. The degradation, however, was faster. Modified LDL suppressed 3-hydroxy-3 methylglutaryl-CoA reductase activity to a lower extent than did control LDL. Our results demonstrate that LCAT action, together with lipid transfer and exchange processes, markedly alters the chemical and physiochemical properties of LDL. This in turn significantly influences LDL catabolism in vitro. PMID- 6517865 TI - The influence of oxidation-reduction state on the kinetic stability of pig kidney general acyl-CoA dehydrogenase and other flavoproteins. AB - Pig kidney general acyl-CoA dehydrogenase is markedly stabilized against loss of flavin and activity in 7.3 M-urea or at 60 degrees C upon reduction with sodium dithionite or octanoyl-CoA. Electron transferring flavoprotein is similarly stabilized, whereas egg white riboflavin-binding protein loses flavin more readily on reduction. These and other data support the anticipated correlation between the kinetic stability of the holoproteins and the oxidation-reduction potential of their bound flavins. PMID- 6517867 TI - Phosphorylation of the microtubule-associated protein MAP2 by GTP. AB - The chick brain microtubule-associated protein MAP2 can be phosphorylated in vitro to the extent of 12 mol/mol with GTP at the same sites as can be labelled by the cyclic AMP-independent protein kinase utilizing [gamma-32P]ATP as the phosphoryl donor. Consequently, the microtubule protein is chemically modified by the conditions usually employed for studies of microtubule assembly, so that the derived kinetic parameters may not relate to steady-state conditions. PMID- 6517866 TI - Band 4.1-like proteins of the bovine lens. Effects of differentiation, distribution and extraction characteristics. AB - Bovine lens epithelium, cortex and nucleus were screened for the presence of red cell-membrane band 4.1-like proteins by using an immunoblot method. Lens epithelial cells were found to contain proteins of Mr 78 000 and higher (approximately 150 000) that cross-reacted with anti-(protein 4.1) sera. Fibre cells of the superficial cortex were also found to contain these two proteins, as well as an additional protein of approx. 80 000 Mr. In contrast, deep layers of the cortex and the lens nucleus contained no detectable cross-reactive protein at these Mr values. Treatment of a crude membrane fraction prepared from superficial bovine cortices with a low-ionic-strength buffer resulted in release of the high Mr band 4.1-like protein. The 80 000- and 78 000-Mr proteins remained with the membrane fraction in low-ionic-strength buffer, but were released into solution by high-ionic-strength-buffer treatment. We have also demonstrated that the human red-blood-cell membrane, like lens epithelial cells and fibre cells, also contains a high-Mr band 4.1-like protein that is released from membranes by low ionic-strength-buffer treatment. PMID- 6517868 TI - Glycerolipid labelling kinetics in isolated intact chloroplasts. AB - Glycerolipid synthesis was studied in intact chloroplasts isolated from three different plant species. The sequential acylation of sn-glycerol 3-phosphate and lysophosphatidate (1-acyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate) was confirmed by monitoring the incorporation of oleate synthesized in situ into lysophosphatidate, phosphatidate and diacylglycerol. Lysophosphatidate was not only readily detected in these experiments, but was also present in the chloroplasts at the beginning of the time courses. The rate of glycerolipid synthesis depended primarily on sn glycerol 3-phosphate supply, and given adequate sn-glycerol 3-phosphate, the proportion of newly synthesized fatty acids diverted into glycerolipids appeared to be determined by differing acyltransferase activities in the chloroplasts isolated from different plant species. PMID- 6517869 TI - Preferential distribution of non-esterified fatty acids to phosphatidylcholine in the neonatal mammalian myocardium. AB - Non-esterified fatty acids are used to a limited extent as an energy source in the newborn-mammalian heart. Therefore additional roles for palmitic and oleic acids during this early period of growth and development were investigated in the cultured neonatal-rat heart cell model system. Our results indicate significant differences in nonesterified-fatty-acid metabolism exist in this system in comparison with the adult rat or embryonic chick heart. Initial rates of depletion of palmitate and oleate from serum-free growth medium by heart cells obtained from 2-day-old rats and maintained in culture for 10 or 11 days were 111 +/- 2 and 115 +/- 3 pmol/min per mg of protein respectively. In serum-containing medium, the initial depletion rates were 103 +/- 3 and 122 +/- 4 pmol/min per mg of protein respectively, when endogenous serum nonesterified-fatty-acid concentrations were included in rate calculations. Less than 1% of the intracellularly incorporated fatty acids were found in aqueous products at any time. After 25 h, 15.5% of the initial palmitate was deposited intracellularly in the phosphatidylcholine lipid fraction, 4.2% in the triacylglycerol + fatty-acid ester fraction and 3.1% in the sphingomyelin fraction. These results contradict the classical view, based on findings with the lipid-dependent adult heart, that exogenous nonesterified fatty acids are directed intracellularly primarily to pathways of oxidation or to storage as triacylglycerol. More importantly, it underscores the significance of exogenous non-esterified fatty acids in membrane biosynthesis of the developing mammalian heart. Included here is a new method for one-dimensional t.l.c. separation of metabolically important polar lipids. PMID- 6517870 TI - Activities of glucokinase and hexokinase in mammalian and avian livers. AB - A radiochemical assay for glucokinase activity was developed for use in high speed supernatants of liver. The maximum activities of glucokinase ranged from 0.4 to 3.8 mumol/min per g fresh wt. at 30 degrees C in some avian and mammalian livers, including pigeon, guinea pig and man, in which previous reports indicated zero activities. The reported maximum rates of hepatic glycogen synthesis in livers of rat and man in vivo are similar to the calculated glucokinase activities at 10mM-glucose; therefore glucokinase activity should not limit glycogen synthesis from glucose. PMID- 6517871 TI - Thrombospondin fragmentation by alpha-thrombin and resistance to gamma-thrombin. AB - In the presence of 2mM-Ca2+, alpha-thrombin slowly cleaved thrombospondin (Mr 180 000) into 150 000-Mr and 30 000-Mr fragments. In the absence of Ca2+, the platelet glycoprotein was progressively and completely hydrolysed by 3 units of the enzyme/ml to 130 000-Mr, 95 000-Mr and 65 000-Mr fragments. In contrast, the nonclotting enzyme form, gamma-thrombin, did not hydrolyse the platelet protein either in the presence or in the absence of Ca2+, even at 10-fold higher concentrations of enzyme. Protein-interacting regions removed from the catalytic site, like those required for fibrinogen recognition, are necessary for thrombin proteolysis of thrombospondin. PMID- 6517872 TI - The relationship of the rat brain 68 kDa microtubule-associated protein with synaptosomal plasma membranes and with the Drosophila 70 kDa heat-shock protein. AB - A protein of molecular mass 68 kDa and pI5.6 is a major translation product of rat brain mRNA [Hall, Mahadevan, Whatley, Biswas & Lim (1984) Biochem. J. 219, 751-761]. In the rat brain this protein was associated with microtubule preparations and was present together with tubulin as a component of the synaptosomal plasma membranes, synaptic vesicles and post-synaptic structures. The brain mRNA for this protein was found to hybridize specifically to the Drosophila gene for the 70 kDa heat-shock protein, thus enabling its rapid isolation. PMID- 6517873 TI - Protein synthesis in rat tissues during lactation. No effect of diethyl ether anaesthesia. AB - Rates of protein synthesis were measured in mammary gland, liver, intestinal mucosa and muscle of lactating rats by using a flooding dose of [3H]phenylalanine that was injected into diethyl ether-anaesthetized dams via a lateral vein or into undisturbed dams via a jugular cannula. Ether anaesthesia did not alter rates of protein synthesis significantly in any tissue. PMID- 6517874 TI - A rapid purification method for human erythrocyte pyruvate kinase. AB - Human erythrocyte pyruvate kinase (ATP: pyruvate phosphotransferase, E.C.2.7.1.40) is purified 30,000-fold, using a method which includes ammonium sulfate precipitation, Sephadex G-75 filtration, and Blue Dextran-Sepharose 4B chromatography. The enzyme is resolved into two peaks on Blue Dextran-Sepharose 4B. The first peak with sp act of 300 corresponds to the mature form (R4) whereas the second peak with sp act of 180 corresponds to R2R'2. Peaks I and II give one band on 10% polyacrylamide gel without SDS. Peak II gives two bands on 10% SDS gel with molecular weights 60,000 (R') and 57,500 (R). On the other hand, peak I gives only one band on 10% SDS gel having a molecular weight of 57,500. Both the R4 and R2R'2 forms of the enzyme have the same pH optimum of 7.2. PMID- 6517875 TI - Evaluation of some serum erythropoietin concentration procedures using serum containing and serum-free in vitro bioassays. AB - Studies are reported which were designed to further refine a serum-free culture method to assess the erythropoietic response of fetal mouse liver cells. The objective was to employ such a serum-free system with deproteinized serum concentrates as the test materials in a potentially highly specific assay for erythropoietin (Ep). A serum-free culture method is described which permits responses to Ep (125I-deoxyuridine incorporation) closely comparable to those observed in cultures containing optimal concentrations of sera. Mean recoveries of Ep were acceptable in each of three variations of a serum concentration procedure. However, no correlations were evident between Ep titers in whole sera and those in the concentrates (assayed in both serum-free and serum-containing cultures) with deproteinization and/or concentration procedures involving serum acidification and exposure to boiling water temperature. PMID- 6517876 TI - Characteristics of acid esterase in Wolman's disease. AB - The characteristics of acid esterase from the patient with Wolman's disease, a rare familial lipidosis, were studied. Enzymatic analysis as well as mineral analysis were performed on the patient's liver, spleen, and adrenal glands. Acid esterase was low in the patient's leucocytes and other affected tissues. Further enzymatic study with subcellular fractions of the liver in both patient and control subject revealed that acid esterase was mostly localized in the membrane of lysosomes. The lysosomal esterase was unaffected by Ca2+, Mg2+, EDTA, E600 (microsomal esterase inhibitor), and it was less inhibited by NaCl than other fractions. Studies with those inhibitors showed that acid esterase has different properties compared to other lipases, such as lipoprotein lipase, adipose tissue lipase, and hepatic microsomal lipase. Studies with inhibitors also gave a negative view on a possible suppressive interaction of the high content of calcium in the target organs with acid esterase in Wolman's disease. PMID- 6517878 TI - Ornithine carbamyl transferase in Reye's syndrome. AB - Serum levels of ornithine carbamyl transferase activities were determined in the acutely ill and convalescent Reye's syndrome patients and in their parents. Acutely ill Reye's syndrome patients had elevated levels of serum ornithine carbamyl transferase activities as compared to those in controls. The convalescent Reye's syndrome patients and their parents had normal levels of serum ornithine carbamyl transferase activities. These results suggest that an inborn metabolic defect was not responsible for the increase in serum ornithine carbamyl transferase activities in Reye's syndrome. PMID- 6517877 TI - Influence of penicillamine and various analogs on matrix-induced bone formation in rats. AB - D-penicillamine and a variety of analogs have been tested for their ability to interfere with the various stages of bone development using a model for endochondral bone formation. At the highest dose tested (40 mg/rat/day), D penicillamine inhibited mineralization, D-2-Amino-3-methyl-3-[(2 acetamidoethyl)dithio]butanoic acid (II), at a relatively low dose (10 mg/day), decreased the amount of insoluble collagen in skin, mesenchymal cell proliferation on Day 3, and inhibited bone formation on Day 14. Several other compounds tested, sodium 4-[(D-1, 1-dimethyl-2-amino-2-carboxyethyl) dithio]butanesulfinate (IV), 2-acetamidoethyl-2-acetamidoethanethiolsulfonate (V), and sodium 4-mercaptobutanesulfinate trihydrate (VI), also inhibited osteogenesis on Day 14. PMID- 6517879 TI - The metabolism of galactose in the human gastric mucous membrane. AB - After incubating pieces of human gastric mucous membrane with radioactive galactose, labeled metabolites of glycolysis (FDP,PEP,pyruvate):hexose and hexosamine intermediates in glycoconjugate biosynthesis (gal-1P, UDP gal,acetylated hexosamines, and their phosphate esters), amino acids (glycine, alanine, and serine), and oxoglutarate as a metabolite of the citric acid cycle were isolated from the acid-soluble fraction. These results suggest that galactose in the human gastric mucous membrane is epimerized to glucose and metabolized in the glycolytic pathway together with oxidation in the citric acid cycle and in the direction of glycoconjugate biosynthesis. PMID- 6517880 TI - The biosynthesis of glycoconjugates from galactose in the human gastric mucous membrane. AB - Pieces of human gastric mucosa were incubated with labeled galactose. The ratio of glucosamine-galactosamine radioactivity in human gastric glycoconjugates, after incubation of the tissue with labeled galactose, was similar to that of the two compounds after incubation with labeled glucose. PMID- 6517881 TI - In vivo significance of kinetic constants of protein proteinase inhibitors. AB - We describe the in vivo significance of the kinetic parameters which characterize the interaction between proteinases and protein proteinase inhibitors. Knowledge of the second-order association rate constant kass and in vivo inhibitor concentration allows the calculation of the delay time of inhibition, i.e., the time required for complete inhibition of a proteinase in vivo. The influence of biological substrates on the delay time is also analyzed. The extent of substrate breakdown during the delay time of inhibition may be computed from the various constants describing the proteinase/substrate/inhibitor interactions and the biological concentrations of proteinase and inhibitor. The in vivo partition of a proteinase between two inhibitors may be calculated if the kinetic parameters are known. We define a stability time for enzyme-inhibitor complexes as a minimal time during which the complexes may be considered as stable. This time is related to kdiss the dissociation rate constant of the reversible enzyme-inhibitor complex or to k, the breakdown rate constant of the complex formed with temporary inhibitors. The overall stability of the complex depends upon the ratio between the inhibitor concentration and Ki, the equilibrium dissociation constant of the complex. If this ratio is higher than 1000, a reversible inhibitor behaves like an irreversible one in vivo whatever the enzyme concentration. PMID- 6517882 TI - Inhibition of NAD biosynthesis in human erythrocytes by leucine in vitro. PMID- 6517883 TI - Sequence analysis of neurohormone D, a neuropeptide of an insect, Periplaneta americana. PMID- 6517884 TI - Electrophysiological effects of the tricyclic antidepressant desipramine on mammalian myocardium. AB - Effects of desipramine (DPr), a tricyclic antidepressant, on isolated trabeculae of the right rabbit atrial myocardium were studied using a standard microelectrode technique. Between 10(-7) and 10(-4) g/ml DPr reduced the maximum upstroke velocity Vmax of the action potentials. The membrane responsiveness was found to be depressed for DPr increased the time constant of the recovery of Vmax in a concentration-dependent manner distinctly. The voltage-Vmax relationships were shifted to more positive potentials and were flattend by increasing the concentration of DPr. DPr prolonged the duration of the action potentials on all levels of repolarization. Between 10(-7) and 10(-5) g/ml both resting and overshoot potential were found to be unchanged. At concentrations higher than 10( 5) g/ml slow response action potential insensitive to 10(-5) mol/l TTX were evoked, the resting transmembrane potential depolarized, spatial inhomogeneities in transmembrane potential and triggered activity could be observed. DPr may act antiarrhythmogenically in a quinidine-like manner at concentrations between 10( 7) and 10(-5) g/ml by (1) decreasing the fast channel conductance, (2) delaying the recovery of the fast channel. At concentrations higher than 10(-5) g/ml DPr could effect arrhythmogenic actions by a complete depression of fast response action potentials, unmasking of slow response action potentials and generation of severe spatial inhomogeneities. PMID- 6517885 TI - [Dopamine sensitivity of brain-induced behavior after repeated administration of dopamine agonists and antagonists]. AB - Comparative investigations were carried out on dopamine sensitivity, as judged by the rotational behavior of rats, of different nuclear areas of the central nervous system following repeated application of dopaminergic agonists, or the dopamine antagonist, haloperidol. In the mesolimbic area and in the Nucleus caudatoputamen, repeated pretreatment with amphetamine alone or in combination with another agonist did not result in a change of sensitivity to dopamine. In contrast, dopamine sensitivity of these target areas increased strongly by repeated pretreatment with haloperidol. Pretreatment with dopaminergic agonists distinctly increased the rotation intensity following dopamine injection into the Globus pallidus and Substantia nigra, whereas haloperidole pretreatment reversed the rotational direction after pallidally injected dopamine, and left unaffected the sensitivity of the Substantia nigra. Thus, repeated treatment with dopaminergic agonists produces different patterns of sensibilization. This does lend support to the hypothesis that behavioral facilitation and dopaminergic supersensitivity are mediated differently. PMID- 6517886 TI - [In vitro synthesis of tyrosine from phenylalanine in human platelets]. PMID- 6517887 TI - Hypolipidemic effect of garlic and thyroid function. AB - Male Sprague-Dawley rats were maintained on cholesterol and garlic oil for 12 weeks. Cholesterol induced hyperlipidemia was controlled by garlic feeding. Garlic treatment did not alter the concentrations of circulating thyroid hormones and thyroidal uptake of radioiodine. The results indicate that the hypolipidemic effect of garlic is probably not mediated through the thyroid. PMID- 6517888 TI - X-ray scattering evidence that calf thymus DNA in solution is a double helix and not a warped zipper. AB - Isotropic X-ray scattering experiments with calf thymus DNA in solution under B form conditions were used to differentiate between the double helical and the side by side structure models. By comparison of experimental and theoretical scattering curves calculated from the atomic coordinates of the molecule models, two sterically refined SBS models can be excluded for calf thymus DNA. The structural basis of the differences between the experimental scattering curves and the theoretical curves for the double helix on the one hand and for the two SBS models on the other, is interpreted using high resolution electron distance distribution functions of the models. PMID- 6517889 TI - Preparation of 40S ribosomal subunit proteins of rat liver by combination of ion exchange chromatography with reversed phase liquid chromatography. AB - Total protein of small subunits of rat liver ribosomes was fractionated by chromatography on carboxymethylcellulose. Aliquots (between 5 and 30 mg) of the protein material of each peak were further separated by reversed phase liquid chromatography on an octadecasilyl silica column. In this way 15 of the 32 proteins of the small ribosomal subunit of rat liver could be isolated in milligram amounts. PMID- 6517890 TI - The effect of an osmotic pressure gradient and lysophosphatidylcholine on the transient and constant potassium permeability properties of the erythrocyte membrane. AB - The rate constant of 86Rb efflux and total potassium release from erythrocytes under the influence of lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) and osmotic pressure gradients were compared. Both osmotic pressure gradients and LPC caused a transient increase in the potassium permeability of the erythrocyte membrane. In hypotonic media without or in the presence of LPC this sudden increase is completely reversible, since the rate constant of rubidium efflux from unhaemolyzed cells, which is an indicator for the continuous potassium release, remained the same as measured in an isotonic NaCl medium without detergents. The potassium release was more pronounced in the presence of LPC and may have a protective effect against haemolysis. In an isotonic NaCl or sucrose medium, LPC caused a transient potassium release probably due to incorporation of LPC into the membrane and vesicle release, but also an increase in the rate constant of rubidium efflux due to change in the membrane structure connected with vesicle release. PMID- 6517891 TI - Incorporation of chemically modified (hydrophobized) ferritin in liposomal membranes: electron microscopic studies. AB - The assembly of electron dense ferritin modified by acylation with steaorylchloride into small and large egg lecithin vesicles is reported. From electron micrographs conclusions are drawn: on the mode of ferritin incorporation in the lipid bilayer: Small liposomes seem to be only in superficial contact with the modified protein shell of the ferritin molecule whereas in the larger lipid vesicle type the incorporation is more integral. PMID- 6517892 TI - Sustained suppression of voluntary sodium intake of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) in hypobaric hypoxia. AB - Spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) of the Okamoto-Aoki-strain (n = 20) and normotensive rats (NCR) of a random-bred Wistar strain (n = 20) were kept in low pressure chambers for 13 days at sea-level atmospheric pressure, then for 20 days at a simulated altitude of 4000 m, and subsequently again for 10 days at sea level. The unrestrained animals were placed singly in metabolic cages and had free access to food, water, and a 2.5% NaC1-solution. Exposure to hypobaric hypoxia led to a transient decrease of daily food and water intake in both strains of animals and a slight reduction of saline consumption in the NCR. In contrast, the SHR showed a massive and sustained suppression of their voluntary intake of hypertonic saline throughout high-altitude exposure. Renal electrolyte and water excretion followed the reactions of salt and water intake. - In an additional series of experiments it was found that SH-rats react with a decrease of their systemic arterial blood pressures in hypobaric hypoxia only on condition that food and water but no additional salt is available to the animals. The data suggest that the antihypertensive effects of chronic high-altitude hypoxia depend both on the availability of salt and a reduction of salt appetite. PMID- 6517893 TI - [Time dependence of Ca supply in rat and rabbit myocardium]. AB - The time dependence of Ca supply in rat (R) and rabbit myocardium (K) for the activation was analyzed by the action potential area up to 50% of repolarization (APA50) of the action potential (AP) during the electrical restitution as well as by extra contractions (EC) during the mechanical restitution and subsequent postextrastimulatory contraction (PEC) or potentiation (PEP) in isometrically contracting papillary muscle at different extracellular Ca concentrations (Cae). In K a considerable increase in APA50 of the EC-AP during the electrical restitution within the interval of rhythmical contraction (T) strongly correlates with the subsequent PEP. In R both the alteration of the APA50 and the PEP are smaller than in K. Compared with K in R the mechanical restitution is delayed, but accelerated by rising Cae as demonstrated by increasing EC/T. The course of mechanical restitution and the low PEP are regarded to be connected with the fact that the sarcoplasmic reticulum is the main source of activator Ca in R. Differences in both electrical and mechanical restitution and, especially the higher PEP, agree with the sarcolemma as the main source of activator Ca in K. PMID- 6517894 TI - Fourth International Symposium on Prostaglandins, Thromboxanes and Leukotrienes in the Cardiovascular System. May 29-31, 1984, Halle, East Germany. PMID- 6517895 TI - Effects of essential fatty acids on prostaglandin biosynthesis. AB - Prostaglandins (PGs) are derived from dietary essential fatty acids (EFAs) by relatively short biochemical pathways. PG synthesis can be manipulated by modifying EFA intake. PGs and related compounds of the 1 and 3 series have desirable or neutral actions while those of the 2 series are mixed, some being desirable but others being highly undesirable. Methods for selectively increasing 1 and 3 series products while simultaneously reducing the formation of arachidonic acid derivatives are described. PMID- 6517896 TI - Drug induced inhibition of the cardiac effects of U 46619 as a thromboxane A2 like agonist. AB - U 46619 (11,9-epoxymethano-PGH2) appears to be a selective and stable thromboxane like agonist. In isolated preparations the substance (3.10(-9) - 3.10(-6) mol/l) induced an increase of cardiac performance of auricles and a decrease of contraction force and coronary flow of perfused hearts of guinea pigs. Intravenous infusion of U 46619 (10 micrograms/kg/min) to rabbits caused a marked reduction of heart contractility and blood pressure and the death of the animals within 10 minutes. Antianginal drugs, especially dipyridamole, propranolol, trapidil and verapamil, significantly reduced the TXA2 agonistic effects in auricles and anesthetized rabbits. The results indicate that some antianginal drugs inhibit TXA2 effects in the cardiocirculatory system. This may be regarded as an important factor for the therapeutic use of these substances. PMID- 6517897 TI - Enzyme pattern of heart and liver in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) can be influenced by prenatal feeding PUFA rich diets. PMID- 6517898 TI - Endothelium-dependent relaxations of rabbit isolated aorta produced by carbachol and by Ginkgo biloba extract. AB - Spirally-cut strips of rabbit aorta were used to examine the relaxations produced by carbachol and extract of Ginkgo biloba (Gb) under isometric conditions. After precontracting the strips with phenylephrine (10(-7) M), carbachol produced a dose-related relaxation (PD2 congruent to 6.2 +/- 0.1) and this effect was antagonized competitively by atropine (PA2 congruent to 9.4 +/- 0.1). Gb (0.2 or 0.3 mg/ml) also relaxed the strips. Removal of the endothelium or a 30-min pre treatment of the strips with a substance that has lipoxygenase-inhibitor activity (nordihydroguaiaretic acid, NDGA, 10(-5) M) abolished the relaxant effect of carbachol and partially blocked the relaxant effect of Gb. Thus, at least part of the relaxant effect of Gb is mediated by a factor(s) (e.g., EDRF) that is released from endothelial cells. PMID- 6517899 TI - Hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction and endogenous prostaglandin (PG) and thromboxane (TX) release in anesthetized pigs. AB - Products of the arachidonate cascade are known to be released from pulmonary tissue in normal and abnormal states, contributing to the regulation of pulmonary vascular resistance. To what extent hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction is affected by prostaglandin imbalances is still controversial. To evaluate PG and TX release, we measured plasma levels of TXA2, PGI2, PGF2a, and 13,14-dihydro-15 keto-PGF2a in healthy pigs undergoing normobaric hypoxic ventilation. Plasma levels of TXA2, PGI2, and PGF2a did not change during 10 minutes of hypoxia, whereas 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-PGF2a, the stable metabolite of PGF2a, was significantly elevated after 2, 5 and 10 minutes. Hemodynamic parameters showed an increase in heart rate and pulmonary vascular resistance. Our results suggest that alveolar hypoxia releases PGF2a from lung tissue, being rapidly metabolized to 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-PGF2a and that prostaglandins, at least in part, contribute to hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction. PMID- 6517900 TI - Regression of atherosclerotic manifestations in primary culture of human aortic cells: effects of prostaglandins. AB - The effect of different prostaglandins on cell proliferation and intracellular lipid content in primary culture of human aortic cells has been studied. It was demonstrated that prostacyclin, its stable analogues (carbacyclin and 6 beta PGI1), and prostaglandins E1, E2, D2 taken in the concentration of 0.5 micrograms/ml and 10 micrograms/ml decreased the 3H-thymidine uptake into cultured intimal smooth muscle cells by 2-3-fold. Carbacyclin and 6 beta-PGI1 also lowered by 1.5-2-fold the triglyceride and cholesteryl ester levels in cells cultured from atherosclerotic lesions. Prostaglandins E1, E2, D2 in the concentration of 10 micrograms/ml decreased by 20-40% total cholesterol level in cultured cells. PMID- 6517901 TI - Platelet prostanoids in interaction of platelets with collagen substrates. I. Activation of platelets by surfaces coated with different types of human collagen. AB - We have studied the interaction of human platelets with surfaces coated with human type I, III, IV, and V collagen (CI, CIII, CIV, and CV). It was established using scanning electron microscopy that the reactivity of the collagen substrates for platelets varies widely. On CV, only the initial attachment of platelets takes place; spreading actively goes on CIV while on CI and CIII, along with spreading, the formation of multilayer thrombi-like platelet aggregates occurs. The production of malondialdehyde induced by the interaction of platelets with CI and CIII substantially exceeds that stimulated by CIV and CV. Indomethacin practically completely inhibits the formation of thrombi-like aggregates but only by 25% inhibits platelet spreading. An ADP-scavenger creatine phosphate/creatine phosphokinase inhibits the formation of thrombi-like aggregates and platelet spreading by 25-30%. The obtained data demonstrate that: (i) the formation of thrombi-like aggregates on CI and CIII is mediated mainly by the synthesis of platelet prostanoids, and not by the ADP release; (ii) the spreading of platelets on CIV, CIII, and CI is only partially mediated by prostanoid synthesis and ADP release which suggests a participation of other mechanisms in this process. PMID- 6517902 TI - Carrageenin-induced thrombosis in the rat and mouse as a test model of substances influencing thrombosis. AB - Kappa-carrageenins cause disseminated intravascular coagulation with thrombosis of the tail in rats and mice. Frequency and extent of tail thrombosis were used for determining antithrombotic effects after systemic and local external administration of substances. Inhibitors of cyclooxygenase and thromboxane synthetase caused irregular inhibition of thrombosis after relatively high doses. The cyclooxygenase/lipoxygenase inhibitor BW755C was ineffective after 50 mg/kg. Hitherto, no effective substances could be found after external administration on the tail of mice. At present, no convincing explanation for thrombogenic activity of kappa-carrageenin can be given. The advantages of the thrombosis model are discussed. PMID- 6517903 TI - Influence of a cod liver oil diet in diabetics type I on fatty acid patterns and platelet aggregation. AB - The influence of an eicosapentaenoic acid rich diet containing only 6,8 g cod liver oil daily for 2 weeks in 20 type I diabetics on fatty acid pattern in serum, platelet aggregation and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances in serum were studied. There were increases in eicosapentaenoic acid portions in triglycerides, cholesterol esters and phospholipids of serum. This was associated with an inhibition of the platelet hyperaggregation, whereas platelet hyporeactivity is shifted to normal. Hyperreactivity of platelets from diabetics may be caused by enhanced TXA2 formation in comparison to healthy humans (1). On the other hand, diets rich in eicosapentaenoic acid inhibit platelet aggregation in healthy Volunteers (2,3). Therefore we investigated the dietary effect of relatively low doses of cod liver oil in diabetics type I on the eicosapentaenoic acid/arachidonic acid balance. PMID- 6517904 TI - Estimation of thromboxane B2 in the clotting human whole blood by gas chromatography. AB - In recent years, the interest within platelet reactions has been focused increasingly on thromboxane (TX) A2 formation. Thrombin formed in clotting blood stimulates platelets in their natural environment to produce TXA2. For estimation of TXB2 - the hydrolysis product of TXA2 - in serum of human blood clotted in vitro we used an internal standardization with 2,3,-dinor-TXB2 and the electron capture gas chromatography of the methoxime pentafluorobenzyl ester trimethylsilyl ether derivatives. The reliability of method was characterized by means of coefficients of variation at different stages of assay. Influences of various venous blood sampling and incubation conditions, and of addition of exogenous thrombin to native or citrated blood were investigated. PMID- 6517905 TI - Impaired red blood cell deformability after oral administration of aspirin in man. AB - The effect of aspirin on red blood cell (RBC) deformability was studied in nine healthy male volunteers. They received 1.5 g aspirin daily in divided doses for three days and RBC deformability was measured before and two hours after the last dose of aspirin. Measurements were repeated seven and fourteen days after the last dose in five of the nine subjects. Red blood cell deformability was significantly (P less than 0.01) decreased 2 hours after aspirin and the effect persisted for seven days through by fourteen days after aspirin values had returned to pre-aspirin control levels. Direct incubations of RBC's with aspirin (300 mg/ml) in vitro had no effect on RBC deformability. These findings are consistent with a role of endogenous epoprostenol (prostacyclin) in regulating RBC deformability in vivo. PMID- 6517907 TI - Fatty acid patterns of the serum phospholipids, cholesterolesters and triglycerides in patients with myocardial infarction (MI) during the acute phase and a follow-up of one year. AB - We examined the fatty acid patterns of serum phospholipids, cholesterolesters, triglycerides and serum testosterone, estradiol, total cholesterol, triglycerides and HDL-cholesterol levels in the acute phase and after one, 6 and 12 months in a group of 27 male patients with myocardial infarction. These results were compared with the corresponding values of 19 healthy controls. Significant differences were discussed as the consequence of disturbed metabolism in patients with ischaemic heart diseases. PMID- 6517906 TI - Are the leukotrienes involved in the bronchial asthma? AB - The discovery of chemical structure of a new group of biologically active molecules, previously indicated as slow-reacting substance of anaphylaxis /SRS-A/ and their synthesis enabled the studies of their effects in isolated tissues as well as in vivo. It has showed that leukotrienes C4, D4 and E4 have a special affinity to lung tissue. They increased the tonus of the airway smooth muscles, increased the insuflation pressure in guinea-pigs, increased the transpulmonary pressure in monkeys, and impaired the human respiratory functions. Moreover, leukotriene B4 increased the adhesion of leukocytes to endothelial cells, stimulated the chemotaxis and chemokinesis of polymorphonuclear leukocytes, stimulated the degranulation and release of lysosomal enzymes from human and rabbit polymorphonuclear leukocytes, and increased the calcium mobilization in rabbit's neutrophils. All these effects contribute ot the edema of the bronchial epithelium and potentiate and prolong the asthmatic attac. It seems therefore that the study of leukotrienes and their antagonists could attribute to the progress in the treatment of bronchial asthma. PMID- 6517908 TI - Thromboxane B2 (TXB2) formation in clotting whole blood of healthy and diabetic humans in vitro. AB - We investigated the ability of platelets from two groups of diabetics type I and two groups of healthy volunteers matched of age to generate thromboxane B2 (TXB2) during spontaneous clotting of whole blood. The serum concentration of TXB2, reflecting the ability of the platelets to generate TXA2 during clotting, was measured by gas liquid chromatography. Platelets from old diabetics with more than 40 years duration of diabetes mellitus formed significantly less TXB2 than those from old healthy controls. Platelets from juvenile diabetics (9 years duration of disease) formed nearly the same amount of TXB2 as those from young healthy volunteers. The importance of these results is discussed. PMID- 6517909 TI - Effect of vitamin A deprivation on the mitogenic factor activity in the rat testes. AB - The seminiferous tubules of rat testes contain a protease and heat sensitive factor capable of stimulating (3H)-thymidine incorporation into quiescent cultures of NIH 3T3 mouse fibroblast cells. This mitogenic factor activity was only 4% in the testes of vitamin A deficient-retinoic acid maintained rats as compared to that of normal rats. Supplementation of retinyl acetate to these vitamin A deficient rats for 4 days resulted in a 56% recovery in the mitogenic factor activity while by day 16, the recovery was 80 percent. Incorporation of (3H)-thymidine into DNA of the seminiferous tubules of vitamin A deficient rats was only 46% of that of normal rats which was restored to normal levels by retinyl acetate supplementation for 24 days. PMID- 6517911 TI - Inhibition of fibroblastic cell division by a fraction of structural glycoproteins extracted from rabbit dermis. AB - A fraction of structural glycoproteins (SGP) extracted from rabbit dermis exerted a concentration-dependent inhibition on the multiplication of normal dermal fibroblasts and of mouse sarcoma fibroblastic cells CCRF S-180 II. The inhibition was fully reversible when the SGP was eliminated from the culture medium. PMID- 6517910 TI - Androgen-dependent peptides of the rat ventral prostate nuclear envelope. AB - Nuclear envelope peptides of the rat ventral prostate in the molecular weight region 18,400 to 19,400 show marked androgen dependence. After castration these peptides disappear. Re-administration of testosterone restores them. They were not extracted by 0.1 M NaCl or 5% HClO4 but were partially extracted by 0.35 M NaCl and 1% Triton. These peptides were not present in rat liver nuclear envelopes. As these androgen-dependent non-histone peptides have similar characteristics to androgen-dependent peptides identified in the prostate nucleus, we conclude that the nuclear peptides are at least partially localized to the nuclear envelope. PMID- 6517912 TI - Postnatal changes in biosynthesis of microvillus membrane glycans of rat small intestine: I. Evidence of a developmental shift from terminal sialylation to fucosylation. AB - We present evidence of a change from sialylation to fucosylation of intestinal microvillus membrane oligosaccharides during postnatal development in the rat. The initial high sialic acid to fucose molar ratio in native and delipidated membranes was completely reversed after weaning. The specific binding of 125I labeled wheat germ agglutinin to neuraminidase-sensitive sites in the native and delipidated membranes decreased markedly from early suckling to weaning ages. The binding of 125I-labeled Ulex europeus agglutinin I showed an age-related pattern opposite to that of wheat germ agglutinin. The changes in membrane reactivities to these lectins were entirely consistent with the existence of a developmentally controlled shift from terminal sialyl to fucosyl substitutions among various glycoconjugate classes. This could play a key role on the functional transformation experienced by the intestinal epithelium of suckling rats. PMID- 6517913 TI - Location of DNA and nucleotide binding sites on wheat germ RNA polymerase II. AB - We have investigated the roles of the 13 subunits present in wheat germ RNA polymerase II, using the inhibitors; pyridoxal 5'-phosphate and the periodate oxidation product of adenosine (AOP). Pyridoxal 5'-phosphate is shown to interact with at least part of the DNA binding site as well as the nucleotide binding sites, whereas AOP probably binds to the nucleotide binding sites. Reduction of the enzyme:inhibitor complex with sodium [3H] borohydride and identification of labelled subunits shows that in both cases the inhibitors bind primarily to subunits a and b. We conclude that subunits a and b contain at least part of the catalytic site, but do not rule out possible involvement of other subunits in the various steps of transcription. PMID- 6517915 TI - A variant prealbumin-related low molecular weight amyloid fibril protein in familial amyloid polyneuropathy of Japanese origin. AB - Amyloid fibril protein with a molecular weight of 8K daltons, in addition to one of 16K daltons, has been isolated and characterized from an autopsy sample of a patient with familial amyloid polyneuropathy in a Japanese family from Ogawa Village, Nagano Prefecture. The component was shown to react with an antiserum to normal plasma prealbumin, as did the other. Following the purification by reverse phase liquid chromatography, it was digested with trypsin and the peptides, after the purification by HPLC were sequenced. The data showed that the component was a distinct fragment whose sequence was identical with that of the residues from Gly 6 to Tyr-78 of the prealbumin, except that it had a methionine for a valine at position 25. This corresponded with the position 30 where a valine residues has been reported for the sequence of the normal plasma prealbumin. PMID- 6517914 TI - Cryptic estrogen binding protein complicates analysis of estrogen receptor distribution. AB - The response of rat uterine estrogen receptor sub-species to injection of 5 micrograms estradiol has been investigated in intact and 4-weeks' ovariectomized adult animals. Determinations of occupied and unoccupied receptor subcellular fluctuations reveal significant differences not detectable under standard assays which measure only total nuclear and unoccupied cytosolic receptors. Both animal models manifest a high level of unoccupied nuclear receptors which are inaccessible to estrogen. In contrast to the intact animal, uteri from castrate animals have a high level of occupied receptors in the cytosol, which remains high following estrogen exposure. Receptor processing occurs in the castrate, but not the intact, animal. The results demonstrate that traditional assays are complicated by the presence and simultaneous measurement of non-responsive receptor species which quantitatively differ widely among animal models and will give rise to an erroneous interpretation of the pattern of estrogen-induced turnover of its receptor. PMID- 6517916 TI - Finding of a galactose-oxidation-product in lens of galactose-fed guinea pig. AB - From studies on polyols in lens of galactose-fed guinea pigs, r-galactono-1,4 lactone was found, which proves the presence of galactonic acid as a product of galactose oxidation, by gas liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. The content of this component was one tenth of that of galactitol. In vitro culture of rat lens in 30 mM galactose-loaded media demonstrated the formation of the lactone. The significance of the lactone was discussed with respect to the galactose metabolism in lens. PMID- 6517917 TI - Production of a monoclonal antibody directed against rat liver glutathione insulin transhydrogenase. AB - A hybridoma cell line secreting monoclonal antibody specific for glutathione insulin transhydrogenase has been produced by fusing mouse myeloma cells with spleen cells from mice immunized to purified rat liver glutathione-insulin transhydrogenase. The secreted antibody isotypes were found to be: Ig gamma 1 heavy chains and kappa light chains. This monoclonal antibody has been used to screen glutathione-insulin transhydrogenase in various rat tissue extracts (liver, fat, heart, testis, spleen, lung and kidney) following separation on NaDodSO4/urea polyacrylamide disc-gel electrophoresis and electrophoretic transfer to nitrocellulose. Screening with the monoclonal antibody showed the presence of one immunoreactive protein band equal in molecular weight to that of purified rat liver GIT (Mr 53,000) in extracts of all tissues studied and a second immunoreactive protein band of lower molecular weight (Mr 49,000) in spleen and lung tissue extracts. Separation of these two proteins by HPLC using a TSK-DEAE column demonstrated that both proteins exhibit insulin degrading activity. These data indicate that GIT may occur in multiple forms in some tissues. PMID- 6517918 TI - Photosensitized irreversible binding of estrone to protein via a hydroperoxide intermediate: an explanation of (photo-) allergic side-effects of estrogens. AB - After irradiation (lambda greater than 425 nm) for 15 min of a solution of [4 14C]-estrone, albumin and the photosensitizer hematoporphyrin in phosphate buffer, more than 30% of the radioactivity could not be extracted. When the protein was added after irradiation, irreversible binding also occurred. Sephadex gel filtration showed that the radiolabel was bound to albumin as well as to the photosensitizer. A 10 beta-hydroperoxide is the reactive intermediate in this binding. Inasmuch as phenolic steroids coupled to proteins have been used for the induction of estrogenic-specific antibodies, the irreversible binding observed between estrone and albumin by photosensitization might be an explanation for (photo)allergic disorders associated with estrogens. PMID- 6517919 TI - Effects of estrogen-depletion on rat casein gene expression. AB - Mammary tissue from rats that had been ovariectomized and adrenalectomized 4 weeks previously was compared to that from intact rats in terms of epithelial content and hormone-responsiveness in vitro. The endocrinectomy resulted in about a 30% enlargement of the gland, but led to a loss of only about 12% of the epithelium. This estrogen-depleted epithelium was able to acquire full responsiveness in vitro to insulin in terms of the accumulation of alpha aminoisobutyric acid, and induction of glucose-6-phosphate and gluconate-6 phosphate dehydrogenases. It was also fully responsive to cortisol in relation to the induction of NADH-cytochrome C reductase, and to prolactin in terms of total RNA synthesis. However, estrogen-depletion led to an 82% loss in the ability of a unit amount of the epithelium to synthesize casein in response to these 3 hormones, and to a similar loss in relation to the accumulation of 25K casein mRNA. Estrogen administration in vivo could prevent and reverse the casein lesion. The disparity between constitutive and casein hormone-responsiveness in the absence of estrogen is discussed in relation to cell commitment. PMID- 6517920 TI - Significance of isomerization in hydroxocobalamin. AB - Hydroxocobalamin is present in fairly large proportions both in foods and in the human body and apparently plays an important biological role. Since cyanocobalamin seems to play hardly any significant biochemical role in healthy humans, several physicians prefer to administer hydroxocobalamin to vitamin B12 deficient patients. We find that hydroxocobalamin in solution isomerizes very readily at room and lower temperatures. Our observations raise the question whether "Mother Nature" has gone awry in using an easily convertible substance like hydroxocobalamin or that the new isomeric forms play some significant role. These observations may also have a bearing on the reported occurrence of unidentified corrinoids in animal tissues, human red cells, liver and brain. PMID- 6517921 TI - Investigation of the mechanism of hepatotoxicity of N-methylformamide in mice: effects on calcium sequestration in hepatic microsomes and mitochondria and on hepatic plasma membrane potential. AB - N-Methylformamide is an antitumour drug with hepatotoxic properties. Three potential targets for hepatocellular toxic lesions caused by N-methylformamide were investigated: the mitochondrial and microsomal Ca2+ pumps and the functional integrity of the plasma membrane. The administration of N-methylformamide to mice caused a dramatic decrease in the ability of the liver mitochondria to sequester [45Ca2+]. This effect was dose-dependent and was not caused by dimethylformamide, N-hydroxymethylformamide or formamide. The microsomal Ca2+ pump was not affected by N-methylformamide. Incubations of isolated mitochondria with N-methylformamide for 1 hr also led to the inhibition of the Ca2+ sequestration. Incubation of isolated mouse hepatocytes with N-methylformamide did not cause changes in plasma membrane potential as measured using the lipophilic cation triphenylmethylphosphonium. Of the three targets studied, the mitochondrial Ca2+ pump may be the one through which N-methylformamide triggers the events leading ultimately to hepatic necrosis. PMID- 6517922 TI - Phospholipase A2 activity in rat and human lymphocytes. AB - Partial characterization of phospholipase A from rat and human lymphocytes showed that it was much less active in man than in rat. The use of phosphatidylethanolamine labelled in the 2 position as substrate established that phospholipase A activity was 2 acyl-specific. It was maximal at pH 7.0 to 8.0, totally Ca2+ dependent and inhibited by detergents and Indomethacin. PMID- 6517923 TI - Isolation of pure, catalytically active human liver monoamine oxidase B: antibody complex. AB - Monoamine oxidase B was purified from human liver mitochondria using a monoclonal antibody, MAO B-1C2, which recognizes monoamine oxidase B but not A. Triton X-100 extracts of mitochondria were incubated with purified MAO B-1C2 (IgG1), and the catalytically active enzyme:antibody complex was isolated by affinity chromatography on Protein A-Sepharose. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the complex revealed the presence of four polypeptide bands (monoamine oxidase B, 57,900 dalton; antibody heavy chain, 52,200 dalton; and two light chains, 29,400 and 27,700 dalton), and indicated a 1:1 stoichiometric ratio of enzyme to antibody. This method gave 154-fold purification of the enzyme from mitochondria. PMID- 6517924 TI - Leishmanial differentiation in vitro: induction of heat shock proteins. AB - During temperature-induced in vitro differentiation from the promastigote to the amastigote form of the parasitic protozoan Leishmania mexicana, seven actively synthesized proteins were identified. These proteins corresponded precisely in molecular weight to the well-known heat shock proteins seen in species such as Drosophila. The minimal DNA synthesis observed in the differentiating parasites indicated that little cell division occurs during this process. The absence of RNA synthesis during early temperature-induced differentiation suggests that the leishmanial heat shock proteins are post-transcriptionally regulated. Heat shock proteins may play an adaptive role in the transition of Leishmania from arthropod to mammalian host. PMID- 6517925 TI - Polyethylene glycol-modified catalase exhibits unexpectedly high activity in benzene. AB - Bovine liver catalase with molecular weight of 248,000, which consists of four subunits, was modified with 2,4-bis(o-methoxypolyethylene glycol)-6-chloro-s triazine(activated PEG2). The modified catalase became soluble in organic solvents such as benzene by increasing the degree of modification of amino groups in the enzyme with activated PEG2. The enzymic activity of the modified catalase in benzene, in which 42% of the total amino groups were coupled with the modifier, was unexpectedly high in comparison with the activity of non-modified catalase in aqueous system. The absorption spectrum of the modified catalase in benzene showed the characteristic pattern of a haem protein with Soret band at 405 nm. The temperature-activity profile of the modified catalase in benzene was clarified and its activation energy was estimated to be 1900 cal/mol. PMID- 6517926 TI - Thermal stability of the Z-conformation of the tetranucleoside triphosphate (m5dC dG)2. AB - The tetranucleoside triphosphate d(m5C-G)2 has been studied in solution by circular dichroism and 31P nuclear magnetic resonance as a function of temperature, in presence of 3 M NaClO4. It is shown that in such high ionic strength d(m5C-G)2 may adopt a Z-like conformation for temperatures lower than 5 degrees C. At these temperatures, another conformation, in slow equilibrium with the Z-like one, is also detected. Increasing the temperature leads to a transition from the Z-like conformation to intermediate forms before melting. It is demonstrated that these intermediates are not the B form. PMID- 6517927 TI - Iron uptake from transferrin by isolated hepatocytes: effect of ethanol. AB - Freshly isolated rat hepatocytes incubated with highly purified 59Fe-labelled diferric 125I-rat transferrin for 90 minutes in the presence of 10 mM ethanol took up significantly less 59Fe than did cells incubated without ethanol, while producing a significantly greater reduction of the pH of the incubation medium. Total transferrin binding was equivalent in both groups, but the molecular ratio of iron:transferrin on cell membranes isolated after 90 minutes was markedly reduced in the presence of ethanol, suggesting increased retention of apotransferrin. These data are compatible with the hypothesis that iron uptake from transferrin by hepatocytes is mediated by a pH dependent transferrin receptor mechanism similar to that in reticulocytes. PMID- 6517928 TI - Long-chain unsaturated diacylglycerols cause a perturbation in the structure of phospholipid bilayers rendering them susceptible to phospholipase attack. AB - Intracellular phospholipases (A2 and C types) can hydrolyse bilayer-forming phospholipids much more rapidly when diacylglycerol is added. Unsaturated long chain diacylglycerols are much more effective than short-chain saturated diacylglycerols or 1-oleoyl,2-acetylglycerol. Diacylglycerol does not change the electrokinetic properties of the phospholipid water interface, nor does it enhance enzymic digestion of monolayers. 31P-NMR of phosphatidylcholine indicates that diacylglycerol causes an isotropic component to develop in the spectrum of the bilayers which correlates approximately with the enhancement of phospholipase A2 attack. Addition of further diacylglycerol converts this transitional stage of unknown structural origin to the hexagonal II phase with a total loss of enzyme activity. PMID- 6517929 TI - Complement channels in membranes: inhibition with a monoclonal antibody to a neoantigen of polymerized C9. AB - The channels produced by complement in red cell membranes are heterogeneous, with diameters of approximately 0.5 to approximately 12.0 nm. We investigated the relationship of the components of the membrane attack complex, C5b through C9, to the functional transmembrane channels greater than 3 nm in diameter. Radiolabelled macromolecules were incorporated into resealed red cell membrane ghosts which were then treated with complement. A monoclonal antibody to a neoantigen in polymerized C9 inhibited macromolecule diffusion through the complement channels. There was also inhibition with polyclonal antisera to C9 but not with antisera to any of the other components of the membrane attack complex. The results demonstrate a functional correlation of the larger complement lesions with the previously described poly C9 tubular structures. PMID- 6517930 TI - Quantitative study of aluminum binding to human serum albumin and transferrin by a chelex competitive binding assay. AB - Binding of aluminum to human serum albumin and transferrin was investigated using a competitive binding assay incorporating a cation exchange resin, chelex. Both albumin and transferrin were found to produce linear Scatchard plots of aluminum binding data over the aluminum and protein concentration ranges found in humans. Binding constants measured for albumin and transferrin were 1.96 and 0.515 microM, respectively. PMID- 6517931 TI - Different efficiency of various synthetic antioxidants towards NADPH induced chemiluminescence in rat liver microsomes. AB - The chemiluminigenic probes luminol and lucigenin have been employed to study the production of reactive oxygen species during NADPH oxidation in microsomal preparations. Light emission obtained with lucigenin is 1,000 fold that obtained with luminol. Common food antioxidants differ widely in their ability to cope with microsomal oxygen activation. Propyl gallate proved to be the most potent chemiluminescence inhibitor among five compounds tested while butylated hydroxytoluene was virtually inefficient. PMID- 6517932 TI - Inhibition of lipid peroxidation by a novel compound (CV-2619) in brain mitochondria and mode of action of the inhibition. AB - Lipid peroxidation in rat brain mitochondria was induced by NADH in the presence of ADP and FeCl3. CV-2619 inhibited the lipid peroxidation in a concentration dependent manner; the concentration giving 50% inhibition (IC50) was 84 microM. In addition, the inhibitory effect of CV-2619 was strongly enhanced by adding substrates of mitochondrial respiration; when succinate, glutamate, or succinate plus glutamate was added, the IC50 of CV-2619 was changed to 1.1, 10, or 0.5 microM, respectively. Metabolites of CV-2619 also inhibited the lipid peroxidation. The inhibitory effect of CV-2619 on mitochondrial lipid peroxidation disappeared when TTFA, an inhibitor of complex II in mitochondrial respiratory chain, was added. The results indicate that in mitochondria CV-2619 is changed to its reduced form which inhibits lipid peroxidation. PMID- 6517933 TI - Purification and characterization of a new form of glutathione S-transferase from human erythrocytes. AB - Presence of a new form of glutathione S-transferase has been demonstrated in human erythrocytes. Using two different affinity ligands this enzyme has been separated from the previously characterized glutathione S-transferases rho. The new enzyme is highly basic with a pI of greater than 10. The new enzyme which represents less than 5 percent of glutathione-S-transferase activity towards 1 chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene as substrate and about 10 percent of total glutathione S-transferase protein of erythrocytes has different amino acid composition, substrate specificities, and immunological characteristics from those of the major erythrocyte glutathione S-transferase rho. Immunological properties of the new enzyme indicate that this form may be different from other glutathione S transferases of human tissues. PMID- 6517934 TI - 2',5'-Oligoadenylate and 2',5'-oligoadenylate phosphodiesterase in human plasma. AB - 2',5'-Oligoadenylate and 2',5'-oligoadenylate phosphodiesterase activity were detected in the human plasma and serum by sensitive radioimmuno assays. The phosphodiesterase in the serum degraded 20 nM of added 2',5'-oligoadenylate in less than 1 hr. Addition of EDTA in the blood sample inhibited the phosphodiesterase activity completely and allowed the measurement of low levels of 2',5'-oligoadenylate. The concentration in the plasma from healty people was in the range of 0.03 to 0.3 nM. PMID- 6517935 TI - Protein kinase activity of purified rat liver glucocorticoid receptor. AB - Molybdate-stabilized nonactivated rat liver glucocorticoid receptor (GR) was purified to near homogeneity using a biospecific affinity adsorbent, Bio Gel A 0.5 m and DEAE-Sephacel. The purified GR sedimented in the 9-10S region in 5-20% sucrose gradients containing 0.10M KCl and 20mM Na2MoO4. SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed a major single band with an apparent molecular weight of 90,000 +/- 2,000. Affinity labeling of GR with [3H]-dexamethasone mesylate showed association of the radioactivity with a peptide of 90,000 molecular weight. Purified receptor preparation was dialyzed to remove molybdate and was incubated with different protein substrates in the presence of 50 microM [gamma-32P]-ATP and divalent cations. Radioactive phosphate from [gamma-32P]-ATP was seen to be incorporated into calf thymus histones, turkey gizzard myosin light chain kinase and rabbit skeletal muscle kinase in the presence of Mg2+ and Ca2+ ions. Addition of steroid ligand exogenously to the reaction mixture appeared to increase the extent of protein phosphorylation. No autophosphorylation of GR was evident under the above conditions. The data suggest that purified rat liver GR displays protein kinase activity. PMID- 6517936 TI - Cardiac substances that influence blood-pressure. I. Identification of the agent that lowers blood-pressure in anaesthetized rats. AB - Extracts of the atrium of the mammalian heart contain a natriuretic factor which may be associated with the atrium-specific granules. It has often been observed that the intravenous injection of a crude atrial extract into anaesthetized rats, causes a transient decrease in blood-pressure. In rabbits, this activity is present in stored aqueous extracts prepared from both atrial and ventricular tissue. The hypotensive activity, which can be readily separated from the natriuretic factor, is mainly due to the presence of adenosine and its derivatives, of which 5'-adenosine monophosphate is the major contributor. However, an extract from rabbit atrial muscle, carefully prepared under stringent conditions, caused a rapid and striking increase in blood-pressure, an activity that could not be detected in ventricular tissue. PMID- 6517937 TI - Polypentapeptide of elastin: temperature dependence correlation of elastomeric force and dielectric permittivity. AB - The polypentapeptide of elastin, (L X Val1-L X Pro2-Gly3-L X Val4-Gly5)n, when gamma-irradiation cross-linked in the coacervate state, is shown by means of thermoelasticity data to be a relatively simple system on which to study polypeptide elasticity. Strikingly, the temperature dependence of the elastomeric force exhibited by cross-linked polypentapeptide coacervate is shown to be proportional to the temperature dependence of the dielectric permittivity of the polypentapeptide coacervate over the critical temperature range of 25 degrees C to 55 degrees C where the force increases five fold. This demonstrates that the mobility of dipolar elements are in large part responsible for the elastomeric force and that dielectric relaxation studies contain the potential for identifying the nature of the dynamic elements responsible for bioelasticity. PMID- 6517938 TI - Purification and properties of cytochrome P-450 from untreated monkey liver microsomes. AB - Untreated monkey liver cytochrome P-450 (monkey P-450) has been purified to a specific content of 14.9 n mole/mg protein. The purified preparation was apparently homogeneous and the minimum molecular weight was estimated to be 50,000 by SDS-PAGE. Absolute spectrum of the oxidized form showed peaks at 565, 535 and 417 nm. The monkey P-450 was active in the mixed function oxidation of benzphetamine, aminopyrine, ethylmorphine, aniline and 7-ethoxycoumarin in the presence of rat liver NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase and DLPC. Anti monkey P 450 IgG could not inhibit rat P-450s (PB P-450, MC P-448(1) and MC P-448(2] catalyzed 7-ethoxycoumarin O-deethylation activities. PMID- 6517939 TI - Evidence that 2-allyl-2-isopropylacetamide and phenobarbital induce the same cytochrome P-450 in cultured chick embryo hepatocytes. AB - The induction of cytochrome P-450 in cultured chick embryo hepatocytes was studied using two structurally unrelated compounds, 2-allyl-2-isopropylacetamide and phenobarbital. Pulse-labeling of these cells showed enhanced de novo synthesis of cytochrome P-450. The cytochrome induced by 2-allyl-2 isopropylacetamide, as well as the one induced by phenobarbital, reacted immunologically with antibodies raised against the major hepatic phenobarbital induced isozyme. Additional form of cytochrome P-450 is induced exclusively by phenobarbital. These results clearly demonstrate that these two drugs induce at least one form of cytochrome P-450 in common. PMID- 6517940 TI - Cultured tonsillar lymphocytes excrete [3H]thymidine labeled DNA and revert to resting state. AB - Large tonsillar lymphocytes labeled with [3H]thymidine reverted to small lymphocytes with concomitant loss of [3H]DNA upon culturing. The decrease of labeled DNA content and size of large lymphocytes was demonstrated by flow cytometry and cell sorting. These observations suggest that stimulated lymphocytes may revert from their proliferative phase to resting phase by shedding 'extra'DNA under cell culture conditions. This released DNA is not due to cell damage and can be hybridized to chromosomal DNA. PMID- 6517941 TI - Effect of sodium butyrate on gene expression in a rat myogenic cell line. AB - Sodium butyrate, when added in millimolar concentration to a culture of myoblasts of the L6 cell line, inhibits reversibly cell proliferation and differentiation. In the present work, we have studied the effect of Na butyrate on the translational efficiency of the overall poly (A)+ RNA. The mRNA from treated cells was translated in vitro as efficiently as proliferating myoblasts mRNA, while a decrease of translation efficiency was observed with myotubes mRNA. In addition this RNA directs the synthesis of several new polypeptides. on the switch on of alpha actin and myosin heavy chains (MHC), muscle specific genes by the dot blot and Northern blot techniques using cloned probes. Na butyrate prevented the expression of MHC and allowed the switch on of alpha actin gene but at a lesser extent than in normal myotubes. In addition the drug prevented the translocation of alpha actin mRNA into the cytoplasm. PMID- 6517942 TI - Induction of hepatic and renal ornithine decarboxylase by cadmium in rats. AB - The administration of cadmium (1.25 mg as Cd2+/kg, ip.) to male rats resulted in a significant increase of hepatic and renal ornithine decarboxylase activity. The maximum increase of ornithine decarboxylase activity to about 10-fold of the controls was seen at 4 hr after the administration of cadmium, and the increased enzyme activity was returned to control levels by 12 hr. Cadmium produced somewhat dose-dependently the increase of ornithine decarboxylase activity. The increase of ornithine decarboxylase seen on the administration of cadmium was cancelled by pretreatment of rats with cycloheximide. The treatment of female rats with cadmium also caused the increase of hepatic ornithine decarboxylase activity, but not renal enzyme activity. PMID- 6517943 TI - Isolation of a plasma protein elevated during hypertension in the rat. AB - Plasma from male rats contains a protein that is elevated during essential hypertension. This protein, termed hypertension associated protein (HAP), can be detected as a peptide that has a molecular weight of 14,000 daltons on high resolution SDS-gradient polyacrylamide gels. The native protein has now been isolated by elution from DEAE-Sepharose, carboxymethyl cellulose and by gel permeation on Ultrogel AcA44. The procedure yields 102 mg of highly purified protein from 5 ml (250 mg) of plasma in 72 h. The native protein has a molecular weight of 28,000 daltons. PMID- 6517944 TI - Structural requirements for allosteric activators of rat liver microsomal 3 hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase. AB - Several compounds containing various structural moieties of NAD(P)(H), were examined as possible effectors of rat liver 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase activity. Microsomal reductase was activated with 4.5mM GSH, assayed with subsaturating NADPH concentration and increasing amounts of the tested compounds. Under these conditions, the essential and sufficient structure required to allosterically enhance the activity of the reductase is that of 5' AMP. When the 2' position of the nucleotide is phosphorylated, this allosteric activation is diminished. PMID- 6517945 TI - Production and identification of bityrosine in horseradish peroxidase-H2O2 tyrosine system. AB - Production of bityrosine (2,2'-dihydroxy-5,5'-bis (beta-carboxy-beta-aminoetyl) diphenyl) was established in horseradish peroxidase-H2O2-tyrosine system at pH 9.2 by mass and NMR spectrometries. PMID- 6517946 TI - Locating peptides generated by limited proteolysis in known protein sequences by means of computer search. AB - A computational method is presented for locating peptides on known protein sequences using their molecular weights (estimated by SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis) and their composition (obtained by amino acid analysis from eluted gel bands). The technique is easy and rapid, and appears particularly valuable if recoveries of peptides are low, or if they are heterogeneous due to secondary proteolytic degradation. An analysis of limited proteolysis of maltoporin (Schenkman, S. et al. [1984] J. Biol. Chem. 259, 7570-7576) is used to illustrate applicability and reliability of the method, which can also be applied to confirm gene-derived sequences. PMID- 6517947 TI - Oxidised glutathione reductase activity in mouse epidermis: TPA induced change and its modulation by vitamin A. AB - Single cutaneous application of 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA) increased epidermal oxidised glutathione reductase activity in adult mouse by almost 100%. Pretreatment of animals with vitamin A for a week resulted in 75% inhibition of TPA induced change in the enzyme activity which remained unaffected in skin treated with vitamin A alone. This biochemical change in skin induced by TPA and modulated by vitamin A has been discussed in relation to epidermal hyperplasia. PMID- 6517948 TI - Optically detected magnetic resonance in lysozyme: evidence for three phosphorescent TRP residues. AB - The Optically Detected Magnetic Resonance spectrum of lysozyme has been shown to consist of a multiplet of narrow components, at -1565 MHz, 1585 MHz, and 1620 MHz. The 1585 MHz component is the strongest feature of the spectrum. This is consistent with earlier reports which apparently resolved only this principal component in lysozyme. The linewidths reported here are the narrowest ever reported for tryptophan in proteins. Using Microwave-Induced Phosphorescence techniques, the dominant 1585 MHz line is seen to be coupled to a "narrow" phosphorescence emission component at about 4134A. This component has a bandwidth of about 25A compared to 42A for the normal O-O band for tryptophan in lysozyme. PMID- 6517949 TI - Platelet activating factor intravenous infusion in rats stimulates vascular lysosomal hydrolase secretion independent of blood neutrophils. AB - Intravenous infusion of platelet activating factor into rats at doses of 5-20 nmoles/kg results in a rapid and dose-dependent increase in the plasma level of several lysosomal hydrolases, notably glucosaminidase. This hydrolase secretion occurs concomitantly with the increased vascular permeability but subsequent to the neutropenia and hypotensive responses to platelet activating factor. The glucosaminidase release in vivo does not exhibit any lasting desensitization, does not require cytochalasin B, and is quantitatively the same in rats made neutropenic with anti-neutrophil serum, and thus is different from the published in vitro degranulating effect of this lipid with neutrophils. Therefore, lysosomal hydrolase secretion may be an important pathophysiologic response to very low blood levels of platelet activating factor. PMID- 6517950 TI - Hexadecane increases the toxicity of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD): is brown adipose tissue the primary target in TCDD-induced wasting syndrome? AB - Addition of 5% hexadecane to the diet of rats increased fecal excretion of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) from 14 to 39% of an LD50 dose (60 micrograms/kg) during 10 days after dosing. This enhanced elimination did not result in reduced toxicity. On the contrary, the treatment has increased mortality from 60% in controls to 100% in hexadecane treated animals. Body weight changes were good indicators for predicting survival or nonsurvival after the LD50 dose but thymus weights were depressed without regard to survival status. The mechanism by which hexadecane potentiates the toxicity of TCDD is unknown but it is likely to be due to effects altering the disposition of TCDD. Based on similarities in the disposition of TCDD and hexachlorobenzene (HCB), it is suggested that the lethality causing target of TCDD is part of the peripheral compartment. The only site in the peripheral compartment that is compatible with the many thousand-fold species differences observed in TCDD toxicity is brown adipose tissue. The hypothesis is advanced that interaction between thyroid hormones and brown adipose tissue are responsible for the species differences in TCDD toxicity. PMID- 6517951 TI - Absorption and urinary excretion of oxalates following massive small bowel resection and colon interposition in rhesus monkeys. AB - The pattern of oxalate uptake in various segments of the bowel has been studied after 80% small bowel resection and antiperistaltic colon interposition in Rhesus monkeys. The levels of urinary oxalate excretion were significantly raised in the immediate postoperative period, with progressive reduction at six and 12 months. None of the animals developed renal calculi. The possible benefit of the colon interposition after massive small bowel resection, in the prevention of hyperoxaluria and urolithiasis is suggested. Improvement in the fat malabsorption, formation of insoluble calcium oxalate in the bowel lumen, leading to reduced net intestinal absorption of oxalates is the possible mechanism. PMID- 6517952 TI - Dye-sensitized photo-oxidation of pig kidney Dopa decarboxylase. AB - The effects of irradiation of pig kidney Dopa decarboxylase by visible light absorbed by the intrinsic chromophore, pyridoxal-P, and by the externally added dyes, pyridoxal-P or proflavin, have been studied. In all cases inactivation was observed, even though to different extens, which seemed to be essentially correlated to tryptophanyl residues photodestruction. Kinetics of inactivation and oxidation of these amino acid residues revealed the presence of two distinct groups of tryptophan residues with different photooxidation rate constants. A different role for these classes of residues in the structure and function of Dopa decarboxylase has been suggested. PMID- 6517953 TI - Abnormalities of splenic enzyme networks in nude mice. AB - The activities of various hydrolytic enzymes in splenic tissues of nude mice were compared with those of their controls of the same age. Since all of the enzymatic activities varied with age in both nude mice and in the controls, the difference between the two groups were difficult to define clearly. Principal component analysis enabled us to clearly categorize the enzymatic variations of both groups into two main components. One was related to the maturation process of the animals and the other to the pathological processes in the nude mice. The enzymes related especially to the latter component were formyl-methionine aminopeptidase (fMet-AP), mannosidase, and beta-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminidase (GlcNAc-ase). These enzymes may represent the abnormality of the surface of lymphocytes in the nude mice. PMID- 6517954 TI - Possible modifications of vimentin following acquisition of triton insolubility. AB - Radiolabeled vimentin after a one-hour pulse of cultured human skin fibroblasts can be detected in both soluble and insoluble fractions. The proteolytic products of newly synthesized vimentin in the insoluble fraction differ markedly in their molecular weights and isoelectric points from those of total insoluble vimentin. The newly synthesized insoluble vimentin instead displays a degradation pattern similar to that of soluble vimentin. Our results suggest that molecular modifications of vimentin occur after its acquisition of insolubility which change the pattern of vimentin proteolysis. PMID- 6517955 TI - Localization of tryptophan residues in thiamine pyrophosphate-binding sites of pyruvate dehydrogenase from pigeon breast muscle. AB - Interaction of N-bromosuccinimide with the pyruvate dehydrogenase component of the pigeon breast muscle pyruvate dehydrogenase complex results in a rapid and specific modification of two tryptophan residues per mole of the protein and in complete inactivation of the enzyme. Modification of the enzyme excludes the development of the negative Cotton effect with a maximum at 330 nm, characteristic of the charge transfer complex between the protein tryptophan residue and thiamine pyrophosphate. Modification of one tryptophan residue was shown to result in the absence of the band at 330 nm in one of the active centers of pyruvate dehydrogenase, while oxidation of two tryptophan residues excludes the formation of a charge transfer complex in both centers. The conclusion was drawn about the presence in the pyruvate dehydrogenase active centers of two tryptophan residues involved in the formation of the charge transfer complex with the thiazolium ring of thiamine pyrophosphate. PMID- 6517957 TI - The relationship between flash evoked potentials and evoked amplitude modulation patterns of an applied UHF electromagnetic field in the rat. AB - Pilot studies demonstrate evidence that the electrophysiological processes associated with flash stimulation of the central nervous system (CNS) of rats, as seen in the recordings of visual-evoked potentials, may also be detectable using an ultrahigh frequency electromagnetic field (UHFEMF). Patterns of amplitude modulation of an applied UHFEMF, when recorded and averaged, show strong correlations with simultaneously recorded evoked potentials. The data support the hypothesis that the UHFEMF amplitude is altered in a dynamic fashion by the tissue's electrophysiological processes that are involved with the generation of CNS electric fields. PMID- 6517956 TI - Transfer of excess cholesterol from human red blood cells to plasma in vitro. AB - This study examined the ability of plasma and plasma fractions from normolipidaemic subjects and plasma from a patient with homozygous familial high density lipoprotein deficiency (Tangier disease) to promote loss of excess cholesterol from red blood cells in vitro. Isolated high density lipoproteins were the most potent plasma fraction for removing excess cellular cholesterol. Lipoprotein-deficient plasma and human serum albumin, but not very low density lipoproteins and low density lipoproteins, also removed excess cholesterol from the red blood cells. The near absence of high density lipoproteins in plasma from the patient with Tangier disease did not result in an abnormally low rate of cholesterol loss from the enriched red blood cells. These results suggest that normal levels of high density lipoproteins are not vital for the removal of excess cholesterol from red blood cells by plasma. PMID- 6517958 TI - SAR in rats exposed in 2,450-MHz circularly polarized waveguides. AB - Average specific absorption rates (SARs) for live rats exposed in 2,450-MHz circularly polarized waveguides were estimated from the total system loss determined from measurements using five power meters, and a correction factor representing actual SAR/apparent SAR. The actual SAR was measured by twin-well calorimetry and the apparent SAR by power meters. Values were obtained for carcasses of various body masses for five orientations. The average SAR with free movement in the cages changed less than threefold as the rats grew from 200 to 700 g. The ratio of peak to average SAR in the body was less than 3. These results indicate relatively constant energy disposition in rats exposed in the circularly polarized waveguide. PMID- 6517959 TI - Design of a magnetic field generator for experiments on magnetic effects in cell cultures. AB - A magnetic field generator constructed of rare earth-cobalt magnets is proposed for examining the biological effects of static magnetic fields (less than 1 T) on tissue cultures. Important quantities of a magnetic field from a biological effects viewpoint, ie, its strength and the product of strength and gradient, are analysed. A practical procedure for designing the generator with optimum parameters is given. Also, parameters are determined which will yield a sinusoidal spatial field distribution. PMID- 6517960 TI - Calorimetric measurements of the effect of 330-MHz radiofrequency radiation on human erythrocyte ghosts. AB - Irreversible changes in the heat capacity of human erythrocyte ghost suspensions due to the effect of 330-MHz radiofrequency radiation (at a specific absorption rate of approximately 9 mW/g) were detected by the method of scanning differential microcalorimetry. Using the data obtained from the analysis of infrared spectra of air-dried films of erythrocyte membranes, it can be postulated that the observed microcalorimetric changes are connected with the local interaction of electromagnetic radiation with the channel-forming portion of band-3 protein. PMID- 6517961 TI - The differential effects of 200, 591, and 2,450 MHz radiation on rat brain energy metabolism. AB - Three key compounds in brain energy metabolism have been measured during and after exposure to continuous wave radiofrequency radiation at 200, 591, and 2,450 MHz. Frequency-dependent changes have been found for all three compounds. Changes in NADH fluorescence have been measured on the surface of a surgically uncovered rat brain during exposure. At 200 and 591 MHz, NADH fluorescence increased in a dose-dependent manner between approximately 1 and 10 mW/cm2, then became constant at higher exposures. There was no effect at 2,450 MHz. Levels of ATP and CP were measured in whole brain after exposure. The ATP levels were decreased at 200 and 591 MHz but not at 2,450 MHz. The CP levels decreased only at 591 MHz. The effect of duration of exposure (up to 5 min) was investigated for all compounds at 200 MHz and 2,450 MHz, and exposures to 20 minutes were examined at 591 MHz. Temperature in the rat brain was essentially constant for all exposures. A general mechanism for inhibition of the mitochondrial electron transport chain and the CP-kinase reaction pathway by radiofrequency radiation has been proposed. PMID- 6517962 TI - Formulas for preparing phantom muscle tissue at various radiofrequencies. AB - The dielectric properties of various test samples of phantom tissue were measured using an automated and temperature-controlled slotted line. The ingredients for phantom materials were determined for simulating high-water content tissue at 13.56, 27.12, 40.68, 70, 100, 200, 300, 433, 750, 915, and 2,450 MHz. The ingredients consisted of water, TX-150 (a gelling agent), sodium chloride, and polyethylene powder (200-2,450 MHz) or aluminum powder (13.56-100 MHz). The dielectric constant and conductivity of these materials at different temperatures (15, 22, 30 degrees C) were characterized. PMID- 6517963 TI - Calibration of flat 60-Hz electric field probes. AB - The influence of nearby ground planes, perturbation of surface charge distributions, and fringing fields on the electric field between parallel plates are characterized to define a parallel plate system that can be used to calibrate flat 60-Hz electric field probes. PMID- 6517964 TI - [Interaction of bis-phosphorylated methanes with mammalian esterases]. AB - The interaction of human erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase, horse serum butyrylcholinesterase and rat liver carboxylesterase with insecticides (RO)2P(O)SCH(COOEt)SP(O)(OR)2 (I) and (RO)2P(O)SCH(COOEt)OP(S)(OR)2 (II) was studied. The type I and II compounds were not hydrolyzed by carboxylesterase and inhibited the esterases irreversibly. A complex pattern of inhibition of acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase by these compounds was caused by kinetically-manifested formation of an enzyme-inhibitor complex. The compounds I and II were more selective towards butyrylcholinesterase than towards acetylcholinesterase and carboxylesterase (kII two orders of magnitude higher) because of effective binding in the butyrylcholinesterase active center (K alpha 10(-8)--10(-9) M) due to hydrophobic interaction. An important role of the thion phosphoryl-containing fragment in the interaction of type II compounds with hydrophobic sites of butyrylcholinesterase and carboxylesterase active centers was established. PMID- 6517965 TI - [Nonlinear "hydrophobicity-antiesterase activity" model for various types of organophosphorous compounds]. AB - The dependence of antiesteratic activity on the structure of insecticides (RO)2P(O)SCH(COOEt)SP(O)(OR)2 (I) and (RO)2P(O)SCH(COOEt)OP(S)(OR)2 (II) was examined. Nonlinear regression equations (parabolic and bilinear) "hydrophobicity antiesteratic activity" were derived. Basing on the studies of the relationships between hydrophobicity and individual constants, the detailed mechanisms were proposed for the interaction of type (I) and (II) compounds with the esterase active centers. The mechanisms implicate different kinds of sorbtion for compounds of type I and II. Applicability of bilinear models, similar to that of Kubinyi type, for analyzing the structure-antienzyme activity dependences was demonstrated. Thus, several equations were obtained starting from the literature data on inhibition of esterases with diverse organophosphorus compounds. PMID- 6517966 TI - [A carbohydrate-containing copolymer with the specificity of a capsular polysaccharide of type 3 Streptococcus pneumoniae]. AB - The synthesis of allyl beta-glycoside of cellobiuronic acid by chemical modification of cellobiose was described. The carbohydrate-containing polymers with different content of determinant groups were obtained via radical copolymerization of this hapten with acrylamide. The copolymer which contained 27% carbohydrates and had molecular mass about 100-300 kilodaltons had the serological specificity of the capsular polysaccharide Streptococcus pneumoniae type 3 as shown by an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. PMID- 6517967 TI - [X-ray study of an antiviral agent (S)-9-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)adenine]. AB - The molecular and crystal structures of the antiviral compound, (S)-9-(2,3 dihydroxypropyl)adenine, was established. The space group is P21, unit-cell parameters a 5,546(1), b 8,381(1), c 10,119(1), beta 91,979(9) degrees, Z2. The structure was solved by the direct method and refined by a full-matrix least squares procedure to R 4,2%. All non-hydrogen atoms of this compound are concentrated in two planes. The first one involves the atoms of the purine moiety and N(6) and C(1'), while the second one accommodates C(2'), C(3'), O(2') and O(3'). The angle between these planes is 54,3 degrees. The conformation of the compound in crystal was compared with that deduced from theoretical analysis. PMID- 6517968 TI - LDL cytotoxicity. The state of the art. PMID- 6517969 TI - Circulating immune complexes, immunoglobulins, complement, antibodies to dietary antigens, cholesterol and lipoproteins levels in patients with occlusive coronary lesions. AB - The presence of circulating immune complexes, serum immunoglobulins, C3 (the third component of complement), antibodies to alpha-lactalbumin, beta lactoglobulin and bovine serum albumin was studied in 39 patients subjected to coronary arteriography. Total serum cholesterol and triglycerides and cholesterol in VLDL, LDL and HDL were also estimated. The results obtained in the group of patients found with occlusive lesions were compared with those found in the group without lesions. With one of the five assays used for the detection of immune complexes, higher and significant levels were found in the group with lesions. A negative and significant correlation was found between the number of vessels with lesions and the levels of serum C3. PMID- 6517970 TI - A year-long study of changes induced by thyroidectomy in the plasma lipid and lipoprotein spectrum in the European badger. AB - Hypothyroidism is associated with hypercholesterolemia and increased risk for atherosclerotic disease. The European badger exhibits large seasonal changes in thyroid activity and the annual minimum of plasma thyroxine level in this species occurs at the same period of the year (i.e. late fall) as a pronounced hypercholesterolemia. We examined the plasma lipid and lipoprotein spectrum in a group of thyroidectomized male badgers every month for a year. Non-operated animals were used as controls. Our analyses included measurement of plasma lipid levels, density gradient ultracentrifugation of lipoproteins, electrophoresis of lipoproteins and apolipoproteins, and histological studies. Maximal differences between the two groups of animals were observed during spring, occurring concomitantly with the annual maximum of plasma thyroxine concentration in control badgers. Comparison with the latter animals revealed a permanent hypercholesterolemia and hyperphospholipidemia in thyroidectomized badgers, while their lipoprotein spectrum was characterized by the continual presence of elevated concentrations of cholesterol-rich lipoproteins of d congruent to 1.015 1.027 g/ml. The ratio of triglyceride/cholesteryl ester content in such lipoproteins remained constant throughout the year, resembling that noted in intact animals during late fall. Other features distinguishing the lipoprotein spectrum in thyroidectomized badgers were: (1) higher levels of lipoproteins with d 1.027 - 1.065 g/ml and d 1.065 - 1.100 g/ml, and (2) a cholesteryl ester enrichment of both these lipoprotein subclasses. The two groups of animals shared a heterogeneity of low density lipoprotein subfractions isolated on density gradients, together with the presence of apolipoproteins with molecular weights respectively typical of human apolipoproteins A-I and B throughout the low density range. Arterial walls and heart tissues from intact and thyroidectomized animals were free of atherosclerotic lesions at the end of the experimental period. PMID- 6517971 TI - Increased concentration of high density lipoprotein in plasma and decreased platelet aggregation in primary biliary cirrhosis. AB - Plasma lipoprotein concentration and composition were studied in 7 female patients with primary biliary cirrhosis and compared with 6 normal, age-matched controls. The effect of the lipoproteins derived from these patients on the function of normal platelets was also tested. High levels of plasma cholesterol and phospholipids and a raised free/esterified cholesterol ratio were found. In 4 of the patients, both HDL cholesterol and HDL protein were increased, and high levels of plasma apoprotein A-I and A-II were evident. This abnormal HDL did not contain excess apolipoprotein E. The VLDL and LDL fractions were also abnormal, as evidenced by a high cholesterol/protein ratio. Little correlation between lipoprotein disorders and clinical condition was found. Platelet function was reduced in all patients. LDL from the patients reduced aggregation of normal platelets, whereas HDL had a minimal effect. The abnormal lipoproteins in these patients may contribute to their abnormal in vitro platelet aggregation. PMID- 6517972 TI - Application of SDS gradient polyacrylamide slab gel electrophoresis to analysis of apolipoprotein mass and radioactivity of rat lipoproteins. AB - An application of SDS gradient polyacrylamide slab gel electrophoresis to the analysis of lipoprotein polypeptides is described. The 10-15% polyacrylamide gradient provides a high degree of resolution and sensitivity resulting in a single separation of the major apoproteins which can be easily visualized. When combined with autofluorography, individual protein mass and radioactivity can be determined densitometrically while still retaining excellent resolution. Examples of rat lymph and plasma apolipoproteins are shown, and apparent heterogeneity of certain apoprotein subgroups is described. PMID- 6517973 TI - Effect of cigarette smoking cessation on risk factors for coronary atherosclerosis. A control clinical trial. AB - The effect of cigarette smoking on other cardiovascular risk factors, serum lipids, body weight, blood pressure and blood sugar was assessed in a randomized control trial of reduction or cessation of cigarette smoking. In the intervention group (n = 107), reported cigarette use fell from 28.5 +/- 1.2 (+/- SEM) to 10.6 +/- 1.2 cigarettes/day and serum thiocyanate, a biochemical indicator of the extent of tobacco exposure, decreased -42.8 +/- 5.5 mumol/l (P less than 0.001). Compared to the control group, the intervention group showed significant (P less than 0.05) decreases in reported cigarette consumption and serum thiocyanate and significant (P less than 0.05) increases in body weight and skinfold thickness. Change in thiocyanate correlated significantly (P less than 0.05) and inversely with change in HDL-C, body weight and skinfold thickness, but not with change in LDL-C, triglycerides or blood pressure. These relationships remained significant even after adjusting in multivariate analysis, for initial measurements of these variables or regression to the mean. For those who quit smoking (n = 35) HDL-C increased 5.9 +/- 1.7 mg/dl (P less than 0.01). The usual inverse relationship between body weight and HDL-C does not exist with cessation of cigarette smoking. Thus, benefits of stopping cigarette smoking extend to favourable alterations in HDL-C and there are no adverse effects on blood pressure, fasting blood sugar, triglycerides or LDL-C. PMID- 6517975 TI - Marked hyper-HDL2-cholesterolemia associated with premature corneal opacity. A case report. AB - We report here a peculiar case with premature corneal opacity and extremely high levels of HDL cholesterol in serum. The patient is a 54-year-old man who was first noticed to have marked corneal opacities at age 19. His serum HDL cholesterol level was elevated to the level of 135-160 mg/dl, while total serum cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations were 254 mg/dl and 56 mg/dl, respectively. Serum apoprotein A-I and E levels analyzed by single radial immunodiffusion method were elevated in the case. Serum lipoprotein fractions isolated by preparative ultracentrifugation revealed that increased levels of HDL cholesterol were accounted for solely by the HDL2 fraction. HDL2 of the patient contained relatively higher amounts of apoprotein E than normal control HDL2. Elution profiles of lipoproteins in high performance liquid chromatography revealed that HDL2 particles from the patient were larger in size than those from normal controls. These characteristics of HDL are in part similar to those of HDLC which appears in experimental animals after cholesterol feeding. Such abnormalities in HDL2 fractions associated with premature corneal opacity have not been reported so far and appear to constitute a new disease entity. PMID- 6517974 TI - Accelerated turnover of very low density lipoprotein triglycerides in chronic alcohol users. A possible mechanism for the up-regulation of high density lipoprotein by ethanol. AB - The concentration of high density lipoproteins (HDL) is related to the catabolism of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins. In order to elucidate the mechanisms by which alcohol increases plasma HDL levels we measured the turnover kinetics of very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) triglycerides in 10 alcoholic men without liver disease and in nonalcoholic control men matched for age, weight and plasma VLDL triglyceride level. The study was repeated in the alcoholics after a 2-week abstinence period. The alcoholic men had elevated HDL cholesterol but reduced low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol as compared to the controls. The fractional catabolic rate and the total turnover (production) rate of VLDL triglycerides were both significantly increased (P less than 0.05) in the alcoholic men before abstinence. After withdrawal of alcohol both the synthetic rate and the catabolic rate of VLDL triglycerides returned to normal and the HDL (HDL2 and HDL3) cholesterol fell. The per cent decrease in HDL2 cholesterol during abstinence was positively correlated to the respective fall of VLDL triglyceride fractional catabolic rate (r = +0.51). The results suggest that the absence of hypertriglyceridemia and the elevated levels of HDL in regular alcohol users may be partly based on increased metabolic clearance of VLDL particles and on subsequent accelerated transfer of the VLDL surface components to HDL. PMID- 6517976 TI - Active principles of the Euphorbiaceae. VII. Milliamines H and I, peptide esters of 20-deoxy-5 epsilon-hydroxyphorbol from Euphorbia milii. PMID- 6517977 TI - Proceedings of the First International Conference on the Basic Mechanisms and Clinical Management of Shock. PMID- 6517979 TI - Intensive/critical care and emergency medicine. PMID- 6517978 TI - Microcirculation and hemorrhagic shock. AB - Blood loss is followed by compensatory cardiovascular readjustments that favor the maintenance of blood flow to central vital organs rather than to peripheral tissues. The microcirculatory changes that occur in skeletal muscle in shock states are of major importance, since skeletal muscle is not only the largest cell mass of the body but also one of the major target organs for neurohumorally mediated compensatory vascular readjustments. Intravital microscopic studies show that the microvascular blood flow in skeletal muscle is intermittent in the early posthemorrhagic period. This probably reflects an interplay between alpha adrenergic vasoconstrictor and beta-adrenergic vasodilator activities, which serves to enhance a compensatory mobilization of interstitial fluid into the vascular compartment. A period of complete microcirculatory arrest is then seen, followed by reperfusion engaging only 30% to 50% of the capillaries that were seen perfused in resting skeletal muscle. The microvascular blood flow in shock is further characterized by a pronounced heterogeneity in distribution. Many capillaries remain constantly unperfused, while in others a slow, intermittent blood flow is seen. Obstruction of many capillaries by white blood cells and their slow passage through other capillaries seem to be the main reasons for the maldistribution of capillary blood flow in shock. Red blood cell aggregates obstructing capillary blood flow are not seen. The heterogeneous tissue perfusion is accompanied by local variations in cellular hypoxic injury, as is evidenced by multifocal measurements of tissue oxygen tension and by cellular transmembrane potential registrations.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6517980 TI - Role of emergency medicine in critical care. PMID- 6517981 TI - Dog bites in children. PMID- 6517982 TI - Hyperbaric oxygen and cyanide poisoning. PMID- 6517983 TI - Hepatocellular clearance function of bacterial lipopolysaccharides and free lipid A in mice with endotoxic shock. AB - Hepatic uptake of bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS) in defined salt forms and free lipid A was studied in C3H mice. Extracts of 14C-labeled and unlabeled LPS from Salmonella abortus equi and lipid A from Salmonella minnesota R 595 (Re) were administered intravenously in doses sufficient to induce endotoxic shock. Sixty minutes after administration of 14C-LPS, 40% of the total activity was found in the liver tissue, 10% was in the isolated nonparenchymal cells, and only 1% was in the isolated hepatocytes. However, at this time only one third of the hepatocytes could be isolated; the other two thirds were obviously damaged. After 240 minutes, 55% of the total activity was measured in the liver tissue. The nonparenchymal cells had 8% of the activity, and all hepatocytes were damaged. By use of immunofluorescence, LPS S abortus equi was localized in sinusoidal cells 5 to 10 minutes after administration, and LPS S minnesota R 595 and lipid A were found in both nonparenchymal and parenchymal liver cells. All toxins were localized in both cell populations 60 and 240 minutes after injection. After application of LPS or lipid A, the third complement component (C3) was detectable in sinusoidal cells. In decomplemented mice the hepatic deposits of LPS and lipid A were unaffected, without demonstration of C3. The data indicate that LPS and lipid A interact in vivo with Kupffer cells and hepatocytes. Hepatic clearance of endotoxin seems to be independent of complement. PMID- 6517984 TI - Mitochondrial function in shock. AB - Studies utilizing animal models of circulatory shock have revealed mitochondrial structural and functional damage in the liver, kidney, and brain. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthesis and calcium transport rates of these mitochondria decline significantly during circulatory shock. The specific enzyme functions affected deleteriously by low flow states are the ATP synthetase, adenine nucleotide translocase, and carrier-mediated calcium transport. Other cellular alterations that possibly are responsible for, or are related to, the shock induced mitochondrial deterioration are discussed. Differences in the mitochondrial responses to endotoxemia and hyperdynamic sepsis are described. Data are presented on the beneficial effects of early glucocorticoid treatment in prevention of mitochondrial functional deterioration during endotoxemia. PMID- 6517985 TI - Prostanoids and cell injury. AB - Cells respond to injury with a variety of mechanisms, one of which is the synthesis and release of various vasoactive factors. These factors can influence the intra- and extracellular environments of the cell and thus affect the overall rate of cellular survival. Products of arachidonic acid metabolism represent one such system. Studies have demonstrated the synthesis and release of various prostanoids during global injuries such as circulatory shock, burn injury, myocardial infarction, and severe trauma. We have carried out studies in an isolated, perfused rabbit liver preparation to investigate the cellular stimuli and cellular mechanisms by which the archidonic acid cascade is stimulated under these conditions. Both hypoxia and metabolic poisoning with dinitrophenol are stimuli for enhanced prostanoid production in vitro. This eicosanoid production is associated with evidence of severe cellular injury. In contrast, when endogenous prostanoid production is stimulated in a noninjured liver with phospholipase A2, the production is transient and is not associated with cellular injury. Another stimulus, bacterial endotoxin, has no effect on prostanoid biosynthesis in vitro even though endotoxin is a very potent stimulus in vivo. Activated complement has been shown to be a potent stimulus for arachidonic acid metabolism both in vivo and in vitro. It thus becomes apparent that arachidonic acid metabolism can be influenced by both receptor and nonreceptor related mechanisms in the injured cell. In addition, the eicosanoids released by the injured cell are apparently able to participate in the homeostatic response of the cell to the injury.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6517986 TI - Skeletal muscle metabolism and insulin resistance during endotoxin shock in the dog. AB - The effect of locally infused endotoxin on gracilis muscle glucose uptake was determined in anesthetized mongrel dogs. The effects of infusion of small amounts of Escherichia coli endotoxin into the arteries of isolated, innervated, constant flow perfused gracilis muscles on glucose uptake and other metabolic variables were determined. Locally infused endotoxin consistently caused a significant and substantial increase in skeletal muscle glucose uptake with no alterations in muscle arteriovenous difference of insulin, oxygen, carbon dioxode, or pH, or in venous blood hematocrit or temperature. These data demonstrate that endotoxin can act locally to increase glucose uptake by skeletal muscle, independent of the action of insulin or other metabolic factors. During natural (free flow) conditions, glucose uptake by the muscle increased markedly during six hours of shock. Increased glucose uptake occurred concomitantly with muscle ischemia and hypoxia. However, when muscle blood flow was held constant, thereby preventing local muscle ischemia and hypoxia, glucose uptake by the gracilis muscle did not change during shock. These results implicate local muscle ischemia and/or hypoxia as the mediator(s) of the increased muscle glucose uptake during shock. Further studies demonstrated that local muscle hypoxia was the stimulus for increased glucose uptake by skeletal muscle during endotoxin shock, and muscle ischemia per se did not alter muscle glucose uptake. Since approximately 50% of body mass is composed of skeletal muscle, the contribution of this organ system to the hypoglycemia of endotoxin shock in the dog may be substantial. The ability of insulin to promote glucose diffusion into skeletal muscle before and during gram negative endotoxin shock was studied in mongrel dogs anesthetized with sodium pentobarbital. The in vivo, isolated, innervated, constant flow perfused gracilis muscle preparation was used. Prior to shock induction, close intra-arterial insulin infusion resulted in a 320% increase in muscle glucose uptake. However, at one, two, and three hours of endotoxin shock, gracilis muscle glucose uptake was unaltered by insulin infusion. This loss of responsiveness to insulin occurred with no alteration in gracilis muscle oxygen uptake, muscle venous P02, or muscle blood flow. During control experiments, however, the muscle response to intra-arterial infusion of insulin (increased glucose uptake) was unaltered during the three-hour control period. These data demonstrate that skeletal muscle insulin resistance develops early and is maintained during three hours of endotoxin shock in the dog. PMID- 6517987 TI - Pathophysiology and treatment of septic shock. AB - Shock is defined as inadequate circulating blood volume producing decreased peripheral vascular perfusion and cellular metabolic derangements, first in the nonvital tissues (the gastrointestinal tract, muscle, connective tissue, and skin) and later in the vital tissues (the brain, heart, lung, liver, and kidneys). This inadequate microcirculatory perfusion is the common denominator of all types of shock. Septic shock is caused by an immunologic reaction characterized by a hyperdynamic state, which produces increased cardiac output and decreased peripheral resistance. This reaction is secondary to endotoxin antibody-complement complexing and leukocyte lysis that results in the production of histamine, serotonin, super-radicals, lysosomal enzymes, and kinins. These substances induce a marked capillary permeability and a third space loss, leading to hypovolemia. This is the hypodynamic state of septic shock, which is characterized by decreased cardiac output and increased peripheral resistance. Diagnosis should be established in the hyperdynamic state of septic shock. Monitoring of the patient in septic shock requires continuous evaluation of the status of clinical signs, peripheral perfusion, vital organ function, and volume requirements. There are four principal and equally important objectives in the treatment of septic shock: treatment of sepsis, management of the hypovolemic state, reparation of the metabolic acid-base imbalance, and correction of the nutritional deficit. There are no priorities; all aspects of treatment must be rendered concomitantly and rapidly. It is essential that the septic and hypovolemic processes be treated concomitantly, since preventing the complexing of antigen-antibody and complement will deter vascular permeability and its consequent hypovolemia. Prompt and adequate treatment of hypovolemia prevents the development of attendant cellular metabolic derangements.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6517988 TI - Complement, granulocytes, and shock lung. AB - Intravascular leukostasis in the pulmonary microvasculature is a cardinal early histologic finding in patients with shock lung. Identical leukostasis is also observed in patients undergoing extracorporeal hemodialysis with cellophane membrane dialyzers, and it has been documented that the accumulation of granulocyte plugs in the lung is mediated by complement activation triggered by dialyzer cellophane. The C5a-desarg so generated causes peripheral blood granulocytes to aggregate, and the aggregates so formed embolize to the lung, where they cause occlusion of the microvasculature and increased capillary leakage, manifested by interstitial and alveolar edema. In vitro studies suggest that this endothelial damage is mediated by hydrogen peroxide from the adherent granulocytes. Most importantly, a close correlation has been found between the presence of C5a-desarg in plasma and the subsequent onset of shock lung in patients after trauma, burns, and sepsis. As exemplified by hemodialysis leukopenia, C5a-desarg-mediated pulmonary leukostasis is a self-limiting process because of selective down-regulation of granulocyte receptors for C5a-desarg--a mechanism that primarily limits the lung damage associated with intravascular complement activation. PMID- 6517989 TI - Shock in the operating room. AB - Many factors may contribute to producing a shock state within the surgical environment. The classic causes of shock--hypovolemia, cardiac failure, and sepsis--occur commonly in the operating room. Additionally, concurrent surgery and anesthesia may contribute to produce clinical shock. Surgery may produce hypovolemia from "third space" loss and/or from blood loss. Some anesthetic drugs, by inhibiting the autonomic nervous system, impair the body's ability to compensate for hypovolemia, cardiac failure, or sepsis. Other entities such as tension pneumothorax, drug allergy, or mechanical factors produced by surgical exposure may contribute to hemodynamic compromise of the patient. Shock that occurs outside the surgical suite may also be produced by a variety of insults. One or more factors may contribute to inadequate tissue perfusion, thus making diagnosis of the cause(s) of shock a clinical challenge. Presented in this review is an anesthesiologist's approach to shock on a macrocirculatory level. Two important concepts are vital to this approach. First, one must act immediately to restore adequate perfusion to the brain and heart when confronted with a patient in shock. This is possible without knowing the specific cause(s) of the poor perfusion. Second, a rapid, accurate diagnosis of the cause(s) must be made if the patient is slow to respond to the initial therapy. Through the use of pulmonary artery catheterization, the factors producing any given shock state may be identified, and appropriate therapy may be instituted and monitored. PMID- 6517990 TI - The incidence of myoglobinuria in patients with pneumatic trousers. AB - The possible association between the use of pneumatic trousers and myoglobinuria was investigated. One hundred and four victims of multiple trauma were entered into a study over a three-month period. Patients who suffered serious injuries to two or more organ systems qualified for entrance into the study. Patients who arrived at the emergency department with inflated pneumatic trousers served as the test population (n = 50), and patients who did not have pneumatic trousers served as the controls (n = 54). Urine specimens were obtained from all patients just before the completion of their treatment in the emergency department. No patients in the control group had myoglobinuria 0%), and only one patient in the test group had myoglobinuria 2%). The results were not statistically significant. Myoglobinuria is not an acute complication of the use of pneumatic trousers. The presence of pneumatic trousers on a multiple-trauma patient is not an indication for routine screening for myoglobinuria in the emergency department. PMID- 6517991 TI - Regional blood flow during cardiopulmonary resuscitation with abdominal counterpulsation in dogs. AB - The addition of abdominal counterpulsation to standard cardiopulmonary resuscitation (AC-CPR) during ventricular fibrillation has been shown to improve cardiac output, oxygen uptake, and central arterial blood pressure in dogs. The present study was performed to determine the effect of AC-CPR on regional blood flow. Regional blood flow was measured with radioactively labeled microspheres during sinus rhythm and during alternate periods of AC-CPR and standard CPR (STD CPR) in nine dogs anesthetized with pentobarbital. Blood pressures and oxygen uptake were measured continuously. As in previous studies, diastolic arterial pressure was higher (30.8%) during AC-CPR than during STD-CPR, as were cardiac output (24.5%) and oxygen uptake (37.5%). Whole brain and myocardial blood flow increased 12.0% and 22.7%, respectively, during AC-CPR. Blood flow to abdominal organs was not changed appreciably in response to abdominal compression, and postmortem examination revealed no gross trauma to the abdominal viscera. The AC CPR technique is simple and is easily added to present basic life support procedures. In light of the improvements observed in myocardial and cerebral blood flow, AC-CPR could significantly improve the outcome of CPR attempts. PMID- 6517992 TI - Poison information providers: an assessment of proficiency. AB - An analysis of the results of a national certification examination for poison information specialists administered by the American Association of Poison Control Centers is presented. The failure rate in nonregional centers was more than double that in regional centers, and presents a strong argument for regionalization. Poison information specialists with prior training as pharmacists or registered nurses performed significantly better than those who were high school or college graduates in other fields, emergency medical technicians, or licensed practical nurses. Poison information specialists in centers receiving more than 15,000 calls each year had significantly higher scores. Individual total work experience also had a small but significant correlation with score. The mean score for emergency physicians serving as a control group was 57.0% compared with 77.1% for poison information specialists. The data suggest that telephone consultations for poison emergencies are done best by those who do them on a specialized full-time basis. Calls should be referred to the appropriate regional poison control center. PMID- 6517993 TI - Reversal of inadequate cardiac output and perfusion during cardiopulmonary resuscitation by open-chest cardiac massage. PMID- 6517994 TI - Cardiac toxicity associated with acute maprotiline self-poisoning. PMID- 6517995 TI - Glossitis and dysgeusia. PMID- 6517996 TI - Cerebral resuscitation by use of verapamil in a victim of near-drowning. PMID- 6517997 TI - Subxiphoid pericardial window in traumatic pericardial tamponade. PMID- 6517998 TI - New approach to finger entrapment. PMID- 6517999 TI - Rapid fluid resuscitation by use of two intravenous lines and a subclavian hemodialysis catheter. PMID- 6518000 TI - Fiberoptic laryngoscopy in the emergency department. PMID- 6518001 TI - Canadian emergency medicine: its past and its current status. PMID- 6518002 TI - Emergency medicine: definition and direction. PMID- 6518003 TI - The agenda for emergency medicine. PMID- 6518004 TI - Interposed abdominal compression CPR (IAC-CPR): a glimmer of hope. PMID- 6518005 TI - Airway control with the esophageal obturator airway. PMID- 6518006 TI - Intracranial hemorrhage associated with overdose of decongestant containing phenylpropanolamine. PMID- 6518007 TI - Transcutaneous oxygen monitoring in the emergency department. PMID- 6518008 TI - Survivors of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: morbidity and long-term survival. AB - Sudden cardiac death accounts for two thirds of death due to coronary artery disease. Advanced cardiac life support can now be brought directly to patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, and in this country, as many as 30% of such patients can be discharged from the hospital annually. Certain clinical and resuscitation-related factors are predictive of mortality and morbidity. The best clinical predictors of long-term survival are absence of previous history of myocardial infarction, lack of congestive heart failure during hospitalization, and age less than 60 years. Resuscitation-related predictors of long-term survival are a short time collapse to cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), and a short time from collapse to CPR combined with a short time to provision of definitive care. The majority of cardiac arrest survivors are able to resume previous levels of function. PMID- 6518009 TI - The Belfast experience with resuscitation ambulances. AB - The majority of sudden deaths are due to ventricular fibrillation. In the initiation of ventricular fibrillation, an R on T extrasystole was the most important factor. A late cycle ectopic, ventricular tachycardia and idioventricular rhythm initiated ventricular fibrillation less frequently. An increase or marked slowing of the heart rate were predisposing factors in the initiation of ventricular fibrillation. The first successful correction of ventricular fibrillation outside the hospital was achieved by the Belfast Mobile Coronary Care Unit in 1966. A single shock of 100 or 200 watt seconds (stored) was highly successful in the correction of ventricular fibrillation. The most likely factor in unsuccessful defibrillation is incorrect paddle application. For the correction of ventricular fibrillation during the first hour of the onset of symptoms, less than or equal to 2DC shocks were required in 41% of patients. Only 8% of patients required more than ten shocks. Smaller portable defibrillators are now available for use by family practitioners. Lidocaine 100 mg intravenously and 300 mg intramuscularly failed to prevent the development of ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation during the first hour of the drug's administration. Patients who survived ventricular fibrillation that occurred within four hours of the onset of symptoms of myocardial infarction were younger, tended to have had a mild coronary attack, and had the most favorable long-term prognosis. The early control of chest pain, autonomic disturbances, arrhythmias, and hemodynamic disturbance leads to a reduced incidence of cardiogenic shock and hospital mortality. PMID- 6518011 TI - The problem of cardiac arrest in the community. AB - Out-of-hospital cardiac arrests constitute 350,000 cases yearly in the United States and 60,000 in the United Kingdom. Prompt resuscitation (CPR) by lay persons and fast defibrillation by paramedics have had epidemiologic consequences on both sides of the Atlantic. In Seattle there are 20.6 and in Brighton 10.0 long-term life-saves yearly per 100,000 persons. In Piedmont Virginia, coronary deaths fell 16% for persons 30-69 years old and 25% for those of all ages; prehospital life-saves accounted for 23% and 8% of each respective reduction. Since CPR by lay persons now triples the long-term survival rate when coupled with prehospital defibrillation, favorable benefit-to-cost ratios can be effected by adding advanced life support and citizen CPR to an extant ambulance system. Meticulous direct and indirect medical control by the physician assures the highest quality of CPR and early cardiac care (ECC). Diagnostic procedures like electro-provocation identify high-risk patients. Changes of behavior and diet, new drugs, new operations, and external and implantable automated devices reduce sudden deaths. In the future, automated defibrillation by first responders and trained lay persons (including members of families of high-risk patients) should increase the number of early survivors who become candidates for long-term therapy with drugs, operations, and devices. PMID- 6518010 TI - The role of paramedics in resuscitation of patients with prehospital cardiac arrest from coronary artery disease. AB - Columbus, Ohio added prehospital coronary care to its Emergency Medical Services System (EMS) in 1969. The EMS System, which is citizen activated and tax supported (+5 per citizen per year), currently sees 32,000 patients a year in a city with a population of 650,000. Ninety-six per cent of the population is aware of the system. Over two thirds of patients with ischemic sudden death or myocardial infarction are seen by advanced life support paramedic (EMT-P) units. The EMT-Ps operate by protocol without telemetry and carry all standard resuscitative drugs and devices. Serial evaluations have shown that within the limits of the protocol, the EMT-Ps perform as effectively as physicians in diagnosis and care of acute cardiovascular emergencies, including endotracheal intubation. One third of ischemic cardiac arrest patients in whom resuscitation is possible (60% of such patients seen) are discharged from the hospital alive (14.2/100,000 lives saved per year). Lives are also saved by treatment of other life-threatening prehospital complications. In Columbus, the estimated annual mortality from ischemic heart disease is only 19%. The EMS System contributes significantly to this low figure. PMID- 6518012 TI - Controlled comparison of humidified inhalation and peritoneal lavage in rewarming of immersion hypothermia. AB - Random source dogs were anesthetized and cooled by immersion in ice water to a stable core temperature of 25 degrees C and subsequently rewarmed with either normal saline peritoneal lavage (43 degrees C, 175 ml/kg/h) or warmed humidified inhalation (43 degrees C, 450 ml/kg/min ventilation). The time required for core rewarming to 30 degrees C was 192 +/- 61 minutes for lavage and 331 +/- 96 minutes for inhalation therapy (P less than 0.03). These data suggest that peritoneal lavage is superior to inhalation therapy for core rewarming of rapidly induced immersion hypothermia. PMID- 6518013 TI - Assessment of out-of-hospital resuscitation. PMID- 6518014 TI - Central nervous system depression from ingestion of nonprescription eyedrops. PMID- 6518015 TI - Tension gastrothorax complicating post-traumatic rupture of the diaphragm. PMID- 6518016 TI - Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: effect of special ambulances in Goteborg on mortality. PMID- 6518017 TI - Integrated approach to prehospital coronary care in Rotterdam. AB - All ambulances in Rotterdam are equipped with monitoring and resuscitation equipment and staffed with nurses who have the primary role in cardiac emergency care before and during transport to the hospital. Patients are reached in a mean time of 7 minutes. All patients are monitored. Rhythm abnormalities are diagnosed and treated according to standing written orders. Emergency treatment including infusions and intubation can be given. A radio communications center coordinates admission to the nearest available CCU bed. Emergency calls are placed through special telephone numbers for family physicians and previous myocardial infarct patients ("free call"). Patient care by the ambulance nurses is reviewed daily. Ambulance nurses are confronted with a myocardial infarction eight times as often as a family physician--a sound reason to entrust pre-hospital care to them. To extend early treatment into the community, the municipality has subsidized a program to train city workers and volunteers in cardiopulmonary resuscitation. At the end of 1982, approximately 17,000 lay-inhabitants of Rotterdam had been trained. In 1981, 3,557 ambulance trips were made for patients suspected of having acute myocardial infarction. In approximately 40%, this diagnosis was later confirmed from hospital records. Sixty-three patients were admitted to hospital alive, 50 after successful defibrillation. Forty-two patients returned to society after hospitalization. In 24 patients, resuscitation attempts were begun by lay bystanders. Seven of the 24 were admitted to the hospital, and six were discharged alive. PMID- 6518018 TI - Clinical application of external pacing. PMID- 6518019 TI - Cardiac arrest during anesthesia. PMID- 6518020 TI - Peritoneal lavage for the diagnosis of abdominal visceral injury. AB - Peritoneal lavage has become standard for the diagnosis of abdominal visceral injury following trauma. Peritoneal lavage is indicated after blunt trauma when a patient presents with abdominal symptoms or signs and the integrity of the abdominal viscera is in doubt. Immediate laparotomy may be indicated following penetrating abdominal wounds when symptoms, signs, or hypotension are present. However, peritoneal lavage may be indicated if the patient is asymptomatic. Lavage is also indicated after penetrating extra-abdominal wounds when the path of the wounding agent suggests that the peritoneal cavity might have been entered. Peritoneal lavage is 98% accurate in determining the presence or absence of abdominal visceral injury following blunt trauma (100,000 red blood cells [RBCs]/mm3 or 500 white blood cells [WBCs]/mm3). The diagnostic accuracy of peritoneal lavage in penetrating abdominal injuries is more controversial than in blunt trauma, but recent retrospective data suggest that peritoneal lavage has the potential of giving 98% accurate results following penetrating abdominal injury when the threshold for a positive result of lavage is lowered to 50,000 RBCs/mm3 or 500 WBCs/mm3. PMID- 6518021 TI - Otitis media in early infancy. PMID- 6518022 TI - Carbon monoxide poisoning. PMID- 6518023 TI - Mechanized cardiopulmonary resuscitation: past, present and future. PMID- 6518024 TI - Organization of resuscitation within the hospital. AB - Current standards for resuscitation in the hospital include special care areas, a mobile resuscitation team, and training of all nurses and physicians in basic life support. The yield is the saving of a substantial number of lives. The expenditure is patient suffering and hospital costs in cases of initial revival and subsequent death after maximal therapy, infliction of thoracic skeletal lesions necessitating prolonged ventilator support, and survival with brain damage. Concern also exists for death from unattended cardiac arrest in a nonmonitored hospital bed or at home after the patient's discharge from the emergency department as a result of the physician's underestimation of the gravity of the symptoms. Recommendations focus on the improvement of information to the primary decision maker, often the inexperienced young house physician; a more comprehensive understanding of the nature of cardiac arrest; contraindications for resuscitation such as terminal illness or low quality of life; and the role of early application of DC countershock. The time is past when the organization of resuscitation in the hospital can be limited to the mechanics of training in artificial ventilation and cardiac massage. PMID- 6518025 TI - Ethics in cardiopulmonary resuscitation. PMID- 6518026 TI - The Brighton experience with resuscitation ambulances. PMID- 6518027 TI - Cardiac arrest and resuscitation: the Brighton conference. PMID- 6518028 TI - Cardiac arrest reporting: a call for more details. PMID- 6518029 TI - Antitetanus prophylaxis in the emergency department. PMID- 6518030 TI - Transthoracic pacing in cardiac asystole. PMID- 6518031 TI - Cardiac, thoracic, and abdominal pump mechanisms in cardiopulmonary resuscitation: studies in an electrical model of the circulation. AB - To investigate alternative mechanisms generating artificial circulation during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), an electrical model of the circulation was developed. Heart and blood vessels were modeled as resistive-capacitive networks; pressures in the chest, abdomen, and vascular compartments as voltages; blood flow as electric current; blood inertia as inductance; and the cardiac and venous valves as diodes. External pressurization of thoracic and abdominal vessels, as would occur in CPR, was simulated by application of half-sinusoidal voltage pulses. Three modes of creating artificial circulation were studied: cardiac pump (CP), in which the atria and ventricles of the model were pressurized simultaneously; thoracic pump (TP), in which all intrathoracic elements of the model were pressurized simultaneously; and abdominal pump (AP), in which the abdominal aorta and inferior vena cava of the model were pressurized simultaneously. Flow was greatest with the CP, less with the TP, and least with the AP mechanism. However, the AP could be practically combined with either the CP or TP by interposition of abdominal compressions between chest compressions (IAC-CPR). Our model predicts that this combined method can substantially improve artificial circulation, especially when cardiac compression does not occur and chest compression invokes only the thoracic pump mechanism. PMID- 6518032 TI - Psychiatry in the emergency department: factors associated with treatment and disposition. AB - Patients with psychiatric problems present difficult treatment and dispositional decisions to physicians in general hospital emergency departments (ED). We studied the relationships between the psychosocial characteristics of patients given psychiatric diagnoses and clinical decisions made by nonpsychiatrists and psychiatrists in our ED. Decisions concerning psychiatric consultation in the ED, dispositional decisions (admission, discharge), and referral for psychiatric outpatient care for patients discharged were reviewed for 246 patients. The relationships between decisions and 13 indicators of patients' psychosocial characteristics were evaluated by use of stepwise logistic regression techniques. Psychiatric-related variables (severity of symptoms, history of psychiatric hospitalization or outpatient treatment, and psychotropic medications at entry to the ED) were associated with decisions made by both psychiatrists and nonpsychiatrists. However, nonpsychiatric variables including patient's age, "rudeness," diffuseness of medical complaints, time of day, and month of presentation also were related to decisions. Practitioners should be sensitive to social factors that affect their decisions about psychiatric patients. PMID- 6518033 TI - Children dead on arrival: predictors of short-term family follow-up. AB - Approximately three fourths of the parents whose children were pronounced dead in one emergency department maintained contact with a professional for at least a month following the death. Families whose children died of trauma did not maintain contact as well as those whose children died of anticipated death, sudden infant death syndrome, or infection. Strong family support system, employed parents, and appropriate response at the time of death all correlated with continued contact with a professional and adequate coping after death (P values all less than 0.04). Prior professional support was a less significant factor in follow-up, and disorganized, isolated parents with histories of poor social adjustment were far less likely to maintain contact. PMID- 6518034 TI - An experimental circulatory arrest model in the rat to evaluate calcium antagonists in cerebral resuscitation. AB - A circulatory arrest model in the rat was developed for use in cerebral and cardiac resuscitation studies. Whole-body ischemia was produced for 8 to 18 minutes by arresting the heart with a cold potassium chloride cardioplegic solution. Following cardiopulmonary resuscitation, minimal, standardized intensive care was provided. As the duration of ischemia was increased from 8 to 18 minutes, survival immediately following resuscitation decreased from 100% to 25%, and survival at 48 hours after ischemia decreased from 60% to 0%. Thirty per cent of the rats recovering from 11 minutes of ischemia suffered motor seizures. Survival and the incidence of motor seizures appear to be good measures of outcome following ischemic circulatory arrest. These measures can be used to test the possible anti-ischemic actions of calcium antagonists or other drugs. PMID- 6518035 TI - Toxicology screening in the emergency department: ethanol, barbiturates, and salicylates. AB - A review of 737 limited toxicological screens performed in a municipal teaching hospital over one calendar year was conducted to determine the value of performing analyses for ethanol, salicylates, and barbiturates. Less than 5% of salicylate determinations and less than 2% of barbiturate tests yielded positive results. On the other hand, ethanol was present in over 70% of cases. The low number of positive results and the cost do not justify analyzing for salicylates or barbiturates unless their presence is suspected. Ethanol determinations should be limited to patients without an obviously consistent clinical presentation. Selective use of these tests in the emergency department is called for. PMID- 6518036 TI - Injury to the head and face in patients with cervical spine injury. AB - The charts of 81 patients with acute cervical spine fracture and/or subluxation were reviewed to determine the incidence of injury to the soft tissue and bone of the head or face in these patients. Motor vehicle accidents accounted for over 69% of these injuries. Only 33 patients had concomitant soft tissue injury to the head or face, and only five had facial and/or skull fractures. Injuries of the skull and face do not usually accompany cervical fractures, and our findings do not support the restriction of post-traumatic cervical spine radiography in the emergency department to patients with obvious head or facial trauma. PMID- 6518037 TI - Abstracts from the Fifth Purdue Conference of CPR and defibrillation. PMID- 6518038 TI - Emergency medical services in Israel. PMID- 6518039 TI - Delayed emergency care: a clinical paradox. PMID- 6518040 TI - Toxicological analysis in the emergency patient. PMID- 6518041 TI - Psychiatric patients in the emergency center. PMID- 6518042 TI - Experimental CPR models: the issue of utility. PMID- 6518043 TI - Electrical models of CPR: an adjunct to experimental and clinical observations. PMID- 6518044 TI - Severe hyperthermia secondary to intravenous drug abuse. PMID- 6518045 TI - Factors influencing hospital selection of emergency physician groups. PMID- 6518046 TI - Central versus peripheral intravenous routes in cardiopulmonary resuscitation. AB - The central venous (CV) and peripheral venous (PV) routes of drug administration are generally considered to be equally effective during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). This canine study compared simulated drug delivery via CV and PV routes during CPR. The CV group dogs had a CV catheter placed via the external jugular vein, and the PV group dogs had a PV catheter placed in the distal forelimb. Thirty seconds after the induction of cardiac arrest with KCl, CPR was begun with a gas-powered chest compressor with ventilations after every fifth compression. Sixty seconds later, a 0.5 ml bolus of technetium 99m-labeled serum albumin was given. Time activity curves were obtained over the right and left ventricles. The mean time for the counts to rise to half the left ventricular peak (T1/2LV) was significantly less for the CV group than for the PV group (P less than 0.05), averaging 11 and 84 seconds, respectively. The time to left ventricular peak (TLV) was also statistically shorter for the CV group than the PV group, averaging 118 versus 258 seconds, respectively. This study demonstrates that central venous administration is more rapid than peripheral venous administration during CPR and supports the preferential use of the central venous route for drug administration clinically. PMID- 6518048 TI - The prevalence of hepatitis B serological markers in emergency physicians. AB - Hepatitis B (HBV) is a well-documented, increasing occupational hazard to those in the medical and dental professions. While the prevalence of markers of hepatitis B in the general population in the United States is approximately 3% to 5%, the prevalence in the health professions has been found to be higher. The prevalence of markers in 260 emergency physicians, consisting of teaching and nonteaching staff and emergency medicine residents, was the focus of this study. Two hundred fourteen participants had not received hepatitis B vaccine; 46 had received the vaccine. Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), surface antibody (anti HBs) and core antibody (anti-HBc) were tested. The overall prevalence of markers in the nonvaccinated group was 11.7% (25/214). Forty-one of 46 participants (89%) who had received hepatitis B vaccine demonstrated anti-HBs, evidence of immunity to hepatitis B. Thirty-nine of them had anti-HBs alone, and two had anti-HBs and anti-HBc. Of the five vaccinees who failed to demonstrate anti-HBs, one demonstrated anti-HBc alone. There was no statistically significant difference between the three groups in prevalence or type of markers. The prevalence of hepatitis B serological markers in this survey of emergency physicians was two and a half to four times that of the general population. Because of the increased risk of exposure to hepatitis B virus, early immunization against this disease through the use of hepatitis B vaccine should be considered by physicians in the practice of emergency medicine. PMID- 6518047 TI - Perfusion of the cerebral cortex by use of abdominal counterpulsation during cardiopulmonary resuscitation. AB - Perfusion of the cerebral cortex (rCCBF) during resuscitation from cardiac arrest was studied using 24 large dogs and three different resuscitation models. Conventional cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) was compared with interposed abdominal compression CPR (IAC-CPR) and with IAC-CPR together with infusion of epinephrine. Conventional CPR produced a mean rCCBF of only 11% (0.057 +/- 0.07 ml/min/g) normal perfusion (0.54 +/- 0.14 ml/min/g). Even without epinephrine, IAC-CPR produced mean rCCBF equal to 51% (0.27 +/- 0.17 ml/min/g) of normal. With epinephrine, IAC-CPR produced rCCBF (0.93 +/- 0.49 ml/min/g) statistically indistinguishable from normal. Both models of IAC-CPR were significantly superior to conventional CPR in perfusion of the cerebral cortex. PMID- 6518049 TI - Paramedic orotracheal intubation: a feasibility study. AB - In order to determine whether paramedics could be effectively trained in the skill of orotracheal intubation, 11 paramedics were entered into a pilot study. All paramedics received the same limited didactic, cadaver, and in vivo clinical preparation. Over a six-month period, intubation was attempted on 33 patients in a variety of field situations. Intubation was successful in 28 cases with no reported complications. Subsequently, training has been expanded to a large number of paramedics, and the experience with intubation now includes a total of 128 patients and an overall success rate of 86%. It is concluded that paramedics can safely and effectively perform orotracheal intubation in a variety of adverse field conditions. PMID- 6518050 TI - Retropharyngeal emphysema and acute upper respiratory distress: a complication of mediastinal emphysema. PMID- 6518051 TI - Left mainstem bronchus intubation. AB - We report a case of a 78-year-old woman, previously in good health, who was endotracheally intubated and brought to the emergency department following sudden cardiac arrest. Physical examination revealed absent breath sounds over the right hemithorax, and a portable chest radiograph demonstrated left mainstem bronchus intubation. Although right mainstem bronchus intubation is a common complication of endotracheal intubation, left mainstem bronchus intubation is rare. PMID- 6518052 TI - Excess ventilation with oxygen-powered resuscitators. AB - Massive subcutaneous emphysema developed in three patients following ventilation with an oxygen-powered, positive pressure resuscitator used by an urban emergency medical service. A faulty valve regulator was identified as the source of the problem. Following this discovery, an extensive field test of all oxygen-powered resuscitators used by the emergency service was carried out. Sixty resuscitators were tested, 15 of which (25%) were found to be deficient on at least one of the test criteria. It is strongly recommended that all personnel using these devices be trained to recognize equipment malfunction and that periodic performance evaluations be carried out on all such equipment. The results of this field test, and other performance tests done previously, raise questions about the use of positive pressure resuscitators in the emergency setting. PMID- 6518054 TI - Emergency medical care in the Soviet Union. PMID- 6518053 TI - 1983 annual report of the American Association of Poison Control Centers National Data Collection System. PMID- 6518055 TI - Emergency medical services in the Soviet Union. PMID- 6518056 TI - Drug selection and delivery in cardiopulmonary resuscitation. PMID- 6518057 TI - IAC-CPR: the need for clinical studies. PMID- 6518058 TI - Airway interventions in the field. PMID- 6518059 TI - Perinatal factors that influence the incidence of subependymal and intraventricular hemorrhage in low birthweight infants. AB - A total of 95 preterm infants, delivered consecutively in a perinatal center, over a 9-month period, were studied serially with real-time ultrasound for detection of subependymal/intraventricular hemorrhage (SEH/IVH); all infants were less than or equal to 32-week gestation and/or less than or equal to 1500 gm birthweight. Detailed statistical analysis was carried out to determine the influence of perinatal factors on the occurrence of SEH/IVH. The incidence of SEH/IVH was 34%; severe hemorrhage (Grade III-IV) occurred in only 13%. Gestational age was an important factor associated with SEH/IVH. Thus, the incidence in infants less than or equal to 29-weeks gestation was 45%, whereas in infants greater than 29-weeks gestation age, it was 19% (p less than 0.01). The overall incidence of SEH/IVH in the group which was less than or equal to 29 weeks gestation and delivered by cesarean section was 53%, whereas in those infants delivered vaginally it was 47%. In infants whose gestational age was less than or equal to 29-weeks, the incidence of hemorrhage was 47% if delivered vaginally and presenting as a vertex and 31% if delivered by cesarean section. In infants greater than 29-weeks gestation, the incidence of SEH/IVH was 42% in those delivered by the vaginal vertex route, 5% if presentation was vertex and delivered by cesarean section (p less than 0.05). In infants greater than 29 weeks gestation, cesarean section in vertex presentation decreased the incidence of SEH/IVH when compared with vaginal vertex delivery.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6518060 TI - Noninvasive measurement of cardiac output in healthy preterm and term newborn infants. AB - Although values for cardiac output in the newborn infant have been reported previously, the methods utilized have been invasive. To assess if cardiac output could be determined noninvasively in the neonate, we measured mean ascending aortic blood flow velocity (VAo) in well newborns using a portable 5MHz, range gated, pulsed Doppler velocity meter. Measurements were made from a suprasternal approach in 8 preterm (mean birth weight 1718 gm; mean estimated gestation age 33.3 weeks) and 14 term (mean birthweight 3127 gm; mean EGA 39.8 weeks) healthy infants under one week of age. The internal ascending aortic systolic diameter was determined echographically and aortic cross sectional area was calculated: AAo = pi d2/4. Ascending aortic blood flow (QAo) was then computed as QAo (ml/min) = VAo (cm/sec) X AAo (cm2) X 60 (sec/min). With the exclusion of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) and detectable intracardiac defects, QAo was taken to equal cardiac output. Flow determinations were normalized to body weight. The 8 preterm infants had a mean cardiac output of 221 +/- 56 (+/- SD) ml/min/kg. The 14 term infants had a similar mean cardiac output of 236 +/- 47 ml/min/kg. The mean cardiac output of all 22 infants was 230 +/- 50. This study establishes normal values for cardiac output determined noninvasively by the Doppler technique, in the first week of life in healthy infants. These values are similar to previously reported systemic blood flows, which were determined by cardiac catheterization and thermodilution methods in healthy newborn infants. PMID- 6518061 TI - Neonatal left ventricular performance after vaginal delivery and cesarean section under general or epidural anesthesia. AB - Left ventricular systolic time intervals, plasma norepinephrine concentration, hematocrit, and blood pressure were recorded in infants delivered vaginally and by cesarean section from mothers under epidural or general anesthesia. Each group comprised 12 infants. Left ventricular ejection time and the preejection period were longer in infants delivered vaginally, although the concentrations of norepinephrine found were greater than those found in the cesarean section groups. Hematocrit and blood pressure were unrelated to the mode of delivery or the anesthetic technique. The isovolumic contraction time, however, was significantly shorter after epidural anesthesia 15.6 +/- 7.6 msec (mean +/- 1 SD) than after general anesthesia 20.5 +/- 8.0 msec at 30 minutes (p less than 0.05), 14.8 +/- 6.2 msec, and 20.9 +/- 5.7 msec at 2 hours respectively (p less than 0.001). These differences in left ventricular dynamics are probably related to the effects of anesthetics that have traversed the placenta rather than to mode of delivery. PMID- 6518062 TI - Premature delivery and subsequent reproduction. AB - To examine the relationship between premature delivery and subsequent reproductive behavior, we attempted to trace 100 mothers four years after the birth of a surviving preterm or term infant. Seventy mothers were successfully traced. Maternal age, ethnicity, gravidity, parity, religion, and socioeconomic status, and the sex, birthweight, gestational age, mode of delivery, and hospital days of the index infant were jointly related to three outcome measures: occurrence of subsequent pregnancy, and, among those who again became pregnant, pregnancy interval and number of subsequent children. Among women who had one or more subsequent births during the follow-up period, those whose index infants were of lower gestational age had fewer subsequent births (r = 0.602, df = 32, p less than 0.011). No other variables, including cesarean birth, were significantly related to later reproductive behavior. These findings indicate that the birth of a premature infant may have a significant effect of decreasing or delaying subsequent reproduction. Through confirmatory studies are needed, awareness of this relationship may help obstetric perinatologists and neonatologists sensitively discuss plans for contraception and further childbearing with women who have experienced the stress of the birth of a premature infant. PMID- 6518063 TI - Increased fetal activity with low maternal blood glucose levels in pregnancies complicated by diabetes. AB - Ten diabetic pregnant women were studied during the thirty-sixth to fortieth weeks of gestation to determine whether maternal blood glucose levels influence fetal activity. Maternal blood glucose level was monitored and controlled utilizing an artificial pancreas (Biostator) while fetal activity and heart rate were quantitated by continuous ultrasonic and electrocardiac fetal monitoring. Fetal activity was confirmed independently by a maternal controlled event marker. There was no difference in fetal movement with heart rate accelerations between periods of maternal normoglycemia defined as blood glucose levels between 60 and 140 mg/dl (3.3-7.8 mMol/L) and periods of maternal hyperglycemia (blood glucose level greater than 140 mg/dl or 7.8 mMol/L). Maternal blood glucose levels of less than 60 mg/dl (3.3 mMol/L) were accompanied by a significant (p less than 0.001) increase in fetal activity (19.9 +/- 3.9 SEM episodes of fetal movement per 20-minute observation period versus 8.0 +/- 5 episodes during periods of hyperglycemia). These observations indicate that hyperglycemia does not stimulate fetal activity and that the obstetric practice of beverages with high glucose content administered during antepartum testing (in an attempt to increase fetal movement) should be reevaluated in diabetic women. PMID- 6518064 TI - Management of pregnancy subsequent to rupture of an intracranial arterial aneurysm. PMID- 6518066 TI - Maternal lithium and neonatal Ebstein's anomaly: evaluation with cross-sectional echocardiography. AB - Cross-sectional echocardiography was used to evaluate two neonates whose mothers ingested lithium during pregnancy. In one infant, Ebstein's anomaly of the tricuspid valve was identified. In the other infant cross-sectional echocardiography provided reassurance that the infant did not have Ebstein's anomaly. Cross-sectional echocardiographic screening of newborns exposed to lithium during gestation can provide highly accurate, noninvasive assessment of the presence or absence of lithium-induced cardiac malformations. PMID- 6518065 TI - Pulmonary excretion of carbon monoxide in the human infant as an index of bilirubin production. IIc. Evidence for the possible association of cord blood erythropoietin levels and postnatal bilirubin production in infants of mothers with abnormalities of gestational glucose metabolism. AB - A total of 20 infants who had levels of erythropoietin (Ep), the major hormone regulating erythropoiesis, measured in their cord blood also had determinations of the pulmonary excretion rate of CO (VECO) performed, as an index of total bilirubin production. They were either infants of normal mothers or those of mothers with diabetes, gestational diabetes, and missed abnormalities of gestational glucose metabolism. The mean VECO (13.0 +/- 3.5 mu 1/kg/hr) and the mean Ep (20.0 +/- 9.7 SD mU/ml) of the infants with normal mothers (n = 9) were not different from the means previously established by our laboratories (13.9 +/- 3.5 SD mu 1/kg/hr, n = 20; and 23.7 +/- 12.8 SD mU/ml, n = 30, respectively); they were significantly lower than those of the infants of the abnormal mothers in this study. The 5 infants who had a cord blood Ep level greater than 50 mU/ml had a higher mean VECO, 27.8 +/- 7.1 mu 1/kg/hr, compared with 17.2 +/- 4.9 SD mu 1/kg/hr, of the six infants with cord blood Ep levels that were within 2 SD of the previously established normal mean cord blood Ep level (p less than .025). These data suggest that increased cord blood Ep levels and postnatal bilirubin production in infants whose mothers had abnormalities of gestational glucose metabolism are associated phenomena. Since polycythemia did not occur in these infants, ineffective erythropoiesis or mild, compensated hemolysis remains a likely cause of the increased total bilirubin production. In some cases, perinatal hypoxic stress may have affected the Ep response.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6518067 TI - Congenital lobar emphysema due to a bronchogenic cyst. PMID- 6518068 TI - Placental contribution to lactate production by the human fetoplacental unit. AB - Umbilical cord blood levels of lactate, base deficit, and pH were measured in 452 liveborn infants. In vigorous newborns, the mean umbilical arterial and venous concentrations of lactate were lowest with elective cesarean section, higher with cesarean section performed during labor, and highest with vaginal delivery (P less than .001). This suggests a rise in the fetal lactate level in response to labor. However, there was no concomitant increase in the mean umbilical arteriovenous lactate differences, indicating that both fetus and placenta increase their lactate production proportionately with labor. Depressed newborns had higher umbilical lactate levels than vigorous newborns irrespective of the method of delivery (P less than .001). Depressed newborns also had a higher mean umbilical arteriovenous lactate difference than vigorous newborns (P less than .001). This suggests that, under conditions that lead to neonatal depression, the fetus is the major source of the increased lactate produced, with a smaller contribution from the placenta. The fetal lactate level may be a good indicator of fetal stress in labor. PMID- 6518069 TI - The placental transfer of ampicillin. AB - Cord blood ampicillin levels were assayed in 23 neonates whose mothers received the antibiotic by the obstetrical service. The levels ranged from 2.9 to 36.2 micrograms/ml. Nineteen (82.6%) of the 23 had a serum ampicillin level in excess of 5 micrograms/ml at delivery, which is significantly greater than the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) to inhibit ampicillin-sensitive enterobacteriacae and far exceeds the MIC for Group B beta-hemolytic streptococci. Antenatal ampicillin therapy results in significant levels in the neonate that may obscure cultures obtained after delivery. PMID- 6518070 TI - Listeria meningitis during pregnancy. AB - Meningitis is the major pathologic manifestation of Listeria monocytogenes in the United States. Despite the fact that this organism has a well-known predilection for individuals who are pregnant or immunocompromised, to date, maternal listeric meningitis remains an unreported entity in the English literature. The authors report two cases of this disease and review the diagnosis and treatment of meningitis in general and, more specifically, of listeric meningitis in pregnancy. It is recommended that the initial treatment of bacterial meningitis during pregnancy should be a combination of ampicillin and gentamicin pending definitive identification of the causative organism and its antibiotic sensitivity pattern. PMID- 6518071 TI - Perinatal outreach education. A continuation strategy for a basic program. AB - The Perinatal Continuing Education Program consists of a nine-month intervention with community hospital nurses, physicians, and support personnel. Components include a hospital self-inventory of resources, coordination by community hospital staff, a skills workshop, and self-instructional books. This article outlines a follow-up strategy to the basic program and describes changes in community hospital knowledge and care practices that occur between programs. The follow-up program presented includes a modified coordinators' workshop, identification of updated self-instructional materials for careful study by past participants, and a self-survey of "recommended routines" intended to facilitate change in hospital policies. Otherwise, except for the deletion of the resources inventory, the follow-up program is similar to the basic program. Testing of participants and detailed review of 1435 hospital charts at sequential time periods revealed a decline in mean knowledge scores between programs, higher scores by new participants before follow-up when compared to pre-basic program, a plateau of patient care quality between programs, and a further improvement in patient care quality after the follow-up program. We conclude that a follow-up program is best accepted after three years but that timing is not critical. Evaluation measures suggest that new knowledge and care practices become institutionalized as a result of this program and that altered care practices are not simply a result of improved performance by individuals. PMID- 6518072 TI - Defending the malpractice case--fighting back. Part 1. PMID- 6518073 TI - [Infantile ascariasis as a public health problem]. PMID- 6518074 TI - [Seroepidemiologic study of rotaviruses in Venezuelan children. Relationship between maternal lactation and seropositivity]. PMID- 6518075 TI - [Vitamin E in the final phase of pregnancy and the early stage of lactation]. PMID- 6518076 TI - [Changes in thyroid hormones and thyrotropin levels during the rapid eye movement phase of sleep]. PMID- 6518077 TI - [Facial anthropometry in the newborn infant]. PMID- 6518078 TI - [Influence of breast feeding and ablactation in the nutritional status of infants]. PMID- 6518079 TI - Distance estimation in the Mongolian gerbil: the role of dynamic depth cues. AB - The role of dynamic depth cues in distance estimation was investigated in the Mongolian gerbil. Animals were trained to jump randomly varied distances on a jumping stand under both binocular and monocular conditions. Videotape analysis revealed that prior to jumping, the gerbils executed a series of vertical head movements, the amplitude and velocity of which were related to the gap distance and to each animal's accuracy. This suggested that the gerbils were employing motion parallax cues to judge distance. An inverse relation between the magnitude of forward movement and the frequency of vertical head movements suggested that loom cues were also being used to judge distance. This hypothesis received support from a second experiment in which forward movements were constrained by a short take-off platform. In this condition, frequency of vertical head movements increased, suggesting that a compensation had occurred for the loss of information from loom. PMID- 6518080 TI - Relation between simultaneous spatial-discrimination thresholds and luminance in man. AB - Simultaneous spatial-discrimination thresholds of 6 human subjects were measured at luminances between 0.2 and 2000 cd/m2. Subjects were tested on a forced-choice discrimination task which required them to distinguish between test and control stimuli of high contrast square-wave gratings with similar space-average luminances. The form of the function depicting the relationship between acuity and luminance is similar to that obtained by other researchers. The estimated maximum acuity of 72 cycles/degree (c/deg) is higher than the commonly cited value of 60 c/deg and this is probably due to the combination of the high stimulus luminance and the psychophysical technique employed in this study. PMID- 6518081 TI - The role of the extraocular muscles in the rabbit nictitating membrane response: a re-examination. AB - Berthier and Moore showed that the rabbit nictitating membrane (NM) response principally results from contracting the retractor bulbi muscle which pulls the globe into the socket thereby passively effecting NM extension. They concluded that the remaining extraocular muscles can effect NM extension if the retractor bulbi is denervated. A re-examination of the role of the recti and oblique extraocular muscles in nictitating membrane extension was undertaken in the light of recent results of Marek et al., suggesting that the facial nerve, and not the extraocular muscles, participates in extension of the NM. In contrast to Marek et al., the present results indicated that section of the extraocular muscles was necessary to abolish eyeshock or tactilly elicited NM extension when the abducens and facial nerves were severed. It is therefore likely that extraocular (recti and oblique) muscles participate in globe retraction and NM extension, as originally noted by Lorente de No. PMID- 6518082 TI - Current-distance relation for rewarding brain stimulation. AB - A novel approach to estimating the current density required to directly activate axons involved in the reinforcing effect of brain stimulation is described. Self stimulating rats received trains of cathodal pulse pairs via two adjacent, stimulating electrodes which were positioned in the lateral hypothalamus and oriented to lie in a plane transverse to the medial forebrain bundle. The first pulse of each pair was delivered through one electrode and, after varied delays, the second was applied to the other electrode in an attempt to detect a loss of stimulation effectiveness attributable to refractoriness of axons that penetrated the intersection of the two stimulation fields. In low-current tests, no change in the psychophysically scaled effectiveness was observed as the interval separating the pulses was varied but, at higher currents, the stimulation effectiveness rose when the delay between the pulses surpassed the refractory periods of these cells. Our inference was that greater currents produced progressively overlapping stimulation fields. Moreover, evidence of overlap was seen at lower currents in rats that had been prepared with smaller separations between the electrodes. Our estimate of the threshold current density for the most sensitive of the reward units is 1300 microA/mm2 when 0.1 ms pulses are used. PMID- 6518083 TI - [Evaluation of markers in pediatric allergies]. AB - Atopic diseases are more and more frequent (10-20%) in childhood with high social costs. The Author decided to analyze the markers useful to forecast the risk and development of atopic diseases in newborns by perusing the existing literature and personal experience, in order to evaluate the possibilities of adopting, first, a mass screening and, subsequently, precautionary measures suitable to avoid the onset of atopic diseases. A family history of atopic disease and the total serum IgE from the umbilical cord are the markers which are easiest to investigate. They allow detecting 80% of the subjects at allergological risk. But they are not sufficient to program a screening and a primary prevention in children at allergological risk. PMID- 6518084 TI - Quantitative evaluation of anti-HBs in sera--II. AB - We have investigated about the most correct way to express the anti-HBs titration in serum. The following linear regression has been elaborated on the basis of the results (converted into logarithms) obtained by 33 titrations of the International Reference Standard (the dilutions prepared were the following: 150, 100, 75, 37.5, 18.75, 9.375 mUI/ml) by as many kit lots AUSAB EIA (Abbott): y = 0.8590732x - 1.6936435. The correlation between the couples: optical density log. mUI/ml has been highly significative (r = 0.991091; P less than 0.01). In order to limit the variability effects in the same laboratory, the use of the correction factor "F" is suggested. The variation of the optical density corrected by the "F" variation is illustrated. A linear regression on the Author's data has been elaborated by the inverse application of the Hollinger formula. The adaptability of this linear regression has been tested on 196 dilutions out of the 33 standard tests studied. The average values obtained, the 95% confidence limits and the mean values +/- 2s limits are compared with the same values obtained by applying the Hollinger original formula. PMID- 6518085 TI - [Isolation, assay and biotyping of lactobacillary flora of the vagina]. AB - The results of the isolation, quantitation and biotyping of 120 strains of vaginal Lactobacillus are presented. The more effective culture media for isolation and different methods of pH measurement were investigated. Five different species of Lactobacillus were isolated in vaginal specimens (Lactobacillus acidophilus 88.8%). The size limits found in the 120 Lactobacillus acidophilus strains were 0.8 to 6,0 mu length and 0.3 to 0.8 mu width. The effort to correlate number of Lactobacillus to pH and weight of vaginal fluid did not give satisfactory results because of difficulties in collecting homogeneous samples. Biochemical investigation of 120 vaginal strains of Lactobacillus did not show any peculiar biotype. The A.A. suggested the "routine" detection of vaginal lactobacillar flora as a usefull marker of ecological status in the choice of the therapy. PMID- 6518086 TI - The role of mycoplasmas in sexually transmitted vaginitis. AB - Mycoplasmas were isolated from 325 female subjects who came to a gynaecological out-patient clinic for many different reasons. Micro-organisms can also be isolated in a high percentage from apparently healthy subjects. Our data indicate that mycoplasma can be either simple commensals in the uro-genital apparatus or saprophytes. In vulvo-vaginitis mycoplasma can cause a type of pathology which is always associated with the presence of other pathogens. PMID- 6518088 TI - Controlled release from microcapsules. PMID- 6518087 TI - [Pollinosis caused by Parietaria. Clinical observations in Northern Sardinia and botanical and allergic considerations on P. officinalis L. and P. judaica L. (P. diffusa Mert. and Koch)]. AB - Botanical and allergological relations between two Parietaria species with greater pollinosic incidence, P. officinalis and P. judaica-P. diffusa, are examined: taxonomic and morphological aspects are discussed, and a key for their determination is proposed. Results of clinical-allergological survey on pollinosic subjects in North Sardinia during several years by means of Prick or Scratch Test are now presented. Diagnostic assays have been effected with extracts found on the market while the therapy has been carried out with extracts of "allergoids" and "modified" type, as well as with extracts of P. judaica. Cross-reactivity between P. officinalis and P. judaica has been evidenced, and greater therapeutic efficacy has been observed by employing "purified" and "modified" vaccines. PMID- 6518089 TI - [Manipulation of high-activity pharmaceuticals in secure conditions]. PMID- 6518090 TI - [Study of the individual factor and the plasma-organ concentration relationship in rats treated with dipyridamol. I. The heart]. PMID- 6518091 TI - [Absence of pharmacokinetic interference between flunisolide and salbutamol]. PMID- 6518092 TI - [Characterization of adrenal cortex extracts with HPLC and the control of extracts for pharmaceutical use]. PMID- 6518093 TI - [In vitro study of some factors influencing the diffusion of oxytetracycline chloride from hard gelatin capsules]. PMID- 6518094 TI - [Cannabinols in Cannabis sativa L. in various conditions of cultivation]. PMID- 6518095 TI - [Purification and properties of cytoplasmic and mitochondrial hexokinase from the rabbit brain]. AB - The soluble Hexokinase from rabbit brain was purified 4,700-fold to near homogeneity by a combination of ion-exchange chromatography, dye-ligand chromatography and affinity chromatography. The purified enzyme showed a specific activity of 110 units/mg of protein and was obtained in 70% yield. The properties of the purified cytoplasmic hexokinase were compared with those of the solubilized mitochondrial enzyme. No significant differences were found in M.W., pI and electrophoretic mobility. However, the temperature dependence of activity and specificity for several hexose substrates were markedly different. PMID- 6518096 TI - [Micromethods for the study of hexokinase in human erythrocytes]. AB - A direct radioassay for the erythrocyte enzyme using U14C-glucose as substrate has been developed. With respect to the indirect spectrophotometric assay this method allows for the determination of true hexokinase activity. The assay proposed is sensitive, rapid and well suited for the determination of hexokinase activity in the erythrocyte lysate where the enzyme level is particularly low. PMID- 6518098 TI - [Behavior of thyroid hormones and TSH in chronic active hepatitis]. AB - The authors studied total and free circulating thyroid hormones, rT3, TBG and TSH behaviour on chronic liver disease in 11 subjects with cirrhosis of the liver with ascites(C.E.) and in 6 subjects with chronic active hepatitis (E.C.A.) in comparison with 15 healthy and euthyroid controls. Serum T3,FT3,T4 and FT4 levels were decreased significantly and serum rT3 values increased significantly both in the subjects with C.E. and in patients with E.C.A. Moreover no significantly changes of TSH and TBG levels has been found in 3 groups studied. These data suggest that the alteration of circulating thyroid hormones in chronic liver disease, may represent a compensatory way of reducing the patient's metabolic requirements. PMID- 6518097 TI - [Influence of metabolic equilibrium on erythrocyte deformability in diabetes mellitus]. AB - Red blood cell filtration test (Reid's test) was performed in 23 diabetic patients and in 10 normal subjects and it was related to metabolic equilibrium. Results showed an increase of filtration time in diabetics when compared to controls (35.1'' +/- 2.3; M +/- SEM vs 22.2'' +/- 0.7, p less than 0.001) and a significant correlation to cholesterol (178.7 mg% +/- 8.9, r = 0.40, p less than 0.05), triglycerides (131.3 mg% +/- 20.6, r = 0.72, p less than 0.001) and to glycosylated hemoglobin (10.7% +/- 0.5, r = 0.60, p less than 0.01) in diabetic patients. No correlation was observed in control subjects. The values of red blood cells filtration time observed in diabetics suggest that an altered erythrocyte deformability in diabetic patients can play an important role in peripheral hypoxia and therefore in diabetic microangiopathy. PMID- 6518099 TI - Progesterone enhances reactive oxygen intermediates production by cultured human monocytes. AB - Progesterone at placental tissue concentrations (5-20 micrograms/ml) markedly increases in vitro PMA-stimulated O-2 and H2O2 production by human cultured monocytes. This appears to contrast the well-known suppressive action of the hormone on the other cell mediated defence mechanisms. We suggest that these findings could cast a new light on progesterone's multiple and differentiated functions in the placental environment. PMID- 6518100 TI - [Bioavailability of pyridine compounds in seeds of Ricinus communis L. at various stages of germination]. AB - The intermediates of metabolic cycle of pyridine compounds have been isolated in Ricinus communis seeds, at various stages of development, by reversed-phase HPLC with a linear gradient elution. NAm, NAc, QAc, NMN, des-NMN, des-NAD+, NAD+ and NADP+ were separated in less than 32 min. Pyridine compounds show typical behaviours during the considered periods (0-6th day). On the basis of the obtained results the metabolic availabilities of these vegetable tissues are discussed. PMID- 6518101 TI - [In vitro biocompatibility: increase in the capacity for adhesion in fibroblasts by materials pretreated with fibronectin]. AB - The Authors expose their observations about the fibroblasts adhesion to materials used as implants in orthopaedic surgery; the first part of the experiment uses normal culture conditions. In the second part the materials have been pre-coated with Fibronectin (FN), a glycoprotein involved in cell-to-substratum adhesion Fibroblasts adhesion increases about 30-40% with pre-coated materials. This observation is important for comprehension of adhesion mechanisms in a multidisciplinary approach to biocompatibility of implant materials. PMID- 6518102 TI - [N-hexane and toluene in the urine of occupationally exposed subjects. Measurement and significance of its presence]. AB - N-hexane and toluene in the urine of occupationally exposed subjects. Measurement and significance of their presence. The determination of n-hexane and toluene in urine was performed in 23 subjects who were occupationally exposed to n-hexane and in 8 subjects exposed to toluene, by means of the head space technique. A Hewlett-Packard 5880 A gas chromatograph supplied with Hewlett-Packard 5970 A Mass Selective Detector was employed. The Authors found significant correlations between urine concentration of the substance and environmental concentration (for n-hexane r = 0,866; for toluene r = 0,770. PMID- 6518103 TI - [Mechanogram profile of the guinea pig intestine. The refractory phase]. AB - In smooth muscle cells, when they are contracted for long time by carbachol, after washing a relaxation occurs. Thereafter if they are stimulated again, a less intense and late contraction develops after a long period of latency. Several drugs used as inducers of the long contraction produce a crossed refractoriness; therefore it would seem that the refractoriness does not depend upon receptors. The block of Na-K pump, elicited by a digitalic agent, potentiates the dose ratio; conversely the latency reaches normal values if a saline solution, with a low NaCl content, is used. On the basis of our results, we hypothesize that during the first phase of the induction very high levels of Na accumulate into the smooth muscle cell; these high Na concentrations, present for few minutes also after the washing, could be responsible for the refractoriness. Since an increase of Ca in the saline solution potentiates the refractoriness, the usefulness of calcium salts, in treating the hyperexcitability of smooth muscle cells could be due to this strengthened effect. PMID- 6518104 TI - [Plasma profile of free amino acids in children with chronic renal insufficiency undergoing hemodialysis therapy]. AB - Some Authors found changes in plasma aminoacids concentration in patients with chronic renal failure treated with conservative therapy or with dialysis. Particularly they observed a reduction in the concentration of essential aminoacids (EAA) and an increase of the non essential (NEAA), with increase in their ratio. In our study we analyzed the plasma aminoacids pools in 12 children with chronic renal failure treated with hemodialysis. We have measured the plasma aminoacids concentrations before and after hemodialysis to evaluate their variations and their role in the pathogenesis of some symptoms of uremia. A decreased concentration of EAA and an increased concentration of NEAA, before hemodialysis, were observed. These findings were not modified by this therapy, but turned out to be related to protein intake. PMID- 6518105 TI - [Effects of stimulation of the substantia nigra on the rage reaction evoked in the cat by hypothalamic stimulation]. AB - The effects of substantia nigra stimulation on the rage reaction evoked by hypothalamic activation were studied. The reference value of the rage reaction was the latency of the hissing, which was constant in all animals when hypothalamic stimulation was performed with the same parameters. Simultaneous activation of substantia nigra and hypothalamus determined a significant decrease of the hissing latency. The influence of the substantia nigra on the affective components of the aggressive behaviour in underlined. PMID- 6518106 TI - [Effects of stimulation of the claustrum on the spontaneous activity of pyramidal neurons of the contralateral motor areas 4 and 6 in the cat]. AB - In order to investigate the functional meaning of the connections between the claustrum and the controlateral motor areas, the extracellular spontaneous activity of 81 PTNs was recorded. Single shock controlateral claustrum stimulation inhibited twenty-two out of the 81 PTNs. On four of the twenty-two PTNs the inhibition was preceded by an early activation. The split of the corpus callosum was performed in 5 cats in order to study the pathway followed by claustrum fibers to the controlateral motor cortex. It is ipothesized that the relationship between the claustrum and controlateral area 4 and 6 PTNs might have the purpose of giving the pyramidal output the bilateral contribution of a plurisensory structure. PMID- 6518107 TI - [An optoelectronic apparatus for the registration of stepping activity in small mammals]. AB - In order to record the stepping activity in little size mammals, it was planned a set able to transform the stepping activity of the animals in electrical signals displayed on a polygraph. The set is formed by a complex transmitter-receiver, and transformer-recorder, that allow to record also high frequency stepping activity and its time variations. PMID- 6518108 TI - [Essential fatty acids for ectodermic organs]. AB - Damage of exocrine pancreas liver and lungs was induced by CCl4, probably because an unbalancement of essential fatty acids (EFA). The present research is made on the rats, injected with CCl4 subcutaneously and kept with diets at variable composition in linoleic acid, proceeding to the extraction of these organs for the gaschromatografic determination of fatty acids. CCl4 reduces the arachidonic acid in liver, pancreas and lungs of the injected rats and the dietary linoleic acid does not modify this picture in the organs. PMID- 6518109 TI - [Alpha-linolenic acid and its metabolic derivatives in the tissues of rats treated with CCl4]. AB - The poly-unsaturated fatty acids of w-3 series were studied in the tissues of rats injected with CCl4 and also the effect of the alpha-linolenic acid added to the diet. Gascromathographic technique of fatty acids was applied on samples of liver, muscle, lungs, pancreas and adipose tissue. CCl4 was seen to increase in the liver and in the muscle the docosahexaenoic acid; the dietetic alpha linolenic acid inhibits, in muscle, lungs and pancreas, the conversion of linoleic in arachidonic acid. PMID- 6518110 TI - The cornu ammonis and alcoholic cirrhotic encephalopathy. A neuropathological and immunohistological study. AB - Two distinct categories of facts are deduced from a neuropathological study of the Ammon's horn, in particular the Sommer Sector, afflicted with alcoholic cirrhotic encephalopathy. In the pyramidal neurons of the CA1 layer, there are unquestionably paired filaments in a helical form, which correspond to the now classic "paired helical filaments". On the other hand, whereas the astrocyte population on the whole displays the characteristics of what can be called Alzheimer type II cells, a certain number of highly reactive areas persist, which can be detected by a GFAP-specific immunohistochemical method. PMID- 6518111 TI - A coherent grid system of coordinates for precise anatomical localization. AB - Specific localization in surface and topographical anatomy has always been on the basis of random, arbitrarily selected and unsystematized criteria. A coherent scheme is proposed as a prototype of a truly scientific approach. Using the earth's geographic coordinate system as a model, a similar lattice pattern of numbered transverse "lines of latitude" and lettered vertical "lines of longitude" was devised for the human body. To preserve metric consonance the grid was decimalized with 100 parallel transverse lines on the entire body and 10 essentially parallel vertical lines on any half of the body or on any limb. A body surface point can be symbolized by a very concise coordinate consisting of a combination of one or two numbers with one or two alphabetic letters. A few other very common everyday symbols used in conjunction with coordinates can vastly extend utility of the grid system to the precise determination of body surface lines, penetrating vectors, every kind of conceivable plane, and every spatial volume in and outside the body in any aspect desired. The grid is ideal for computerization. With a thoroughly coordinated ideal "body" thus committed to computer memory banks for random access at will, the stage will have been set for the advent of total automation of many medical and surgical procedures. Some kind of universal system as proposed is urgently needed if in the future medicine is to successfully meet the awesome challenge thrust upon it by the spectacular achievements of high technology. PMID- 6518112 TI - Anatomy and radiological anatomy of the lumbar radicular canals. AB - The radicular canal is the lateral portion of the spinal canal when it is trefoil. It is a bony and ligamentary, monovertebral and indeformable space, the measurements of which are reproducible. The anatomy of this radicular canal has been studied in the whole of the lumbar vertebrae of 50 anatomical subjects. Its radiological anatomy has been defined by sagittal and computerised tomographies of these anatomical specimens, while sagittal tomographies were done for 25 control individuals devoid of symptoms. This canal, exceptional in the upper part of the lumbar canal, has been found in 72% of the cases in L4 and always in L5 and S1. Its sagittal diameter, which when measured must take into account the upper margin of the pedicle, has a theoretical minimal diameter of 3 mm to 3.8 mm, according to the vertebral level. 13% of the vertebrae were asymmetrical and no significant relationship exists between the median sagittal diameter of the spinal canal and the diameters of the radicular canals. Conventional sagittal tomography provides two types of images, according to the shape of the mouth of this canal and furnishes the best measurements (92% of the measurements were concordant), as long as the technique is followed closely. Transverse computerised tomography is less reliable, for the positioning of the section plane still remains the principal cause for error in measuring, but it provides a definition of the relations of the nerve elements with this canal. This radiological study will be suitable for sagittal reconstruction by computerised tomography, once this kind of examination can produce pictures of bones as detailed as those of conventional tomography. PMID- 6518113 TI - The popliteal entrapment syndrome. AB - Five examples of the popliteal entrapment syndrome have been reported in 4 patients aged between 17 and 41. The diagnosis in each case was made pre operatively. The anatomical anomalies consisted in three instances of an abnormally high insertion of the inner gemellus (medial head of gastrocnemius) muscle tendon with the artery located twice in front and once in the middle of the tendon, in another instance compression was due to a hypertrophic musculus plantaris and finally, in the last instance, the anomalies were caused by abnormal fibrous bands. In two instances the artery was thrombosed, in three it was compressed in an intermittent fashion. The patients responded well to treatment, by a graft in the case of thrombosis, and by sectioning the abnormal insertions of the gemellus muscle or the fibrous bands in the others. The frequency of these different anatomical types, the relative evolutivity and the embryological hypotheses are studied in the 111 cases recorded in the literature between 1970 and 1983. PMID- 6518114 TI - The nerve loops crossing below the subclavian artery and their anatomical variations. AB - 60 dissections analysed the variability of three types of nerve loops crossing beneath the subclavian artery : Vieussens' annulus, the anastomotic ansa between the lower laryngeal nerve and the cervical sympathetic, and the anastomotic ansa between the phrenic nerve and the stellate ganglion. The classic disposition of these loops, situated below the artery and present simultaneously, was found in only 10% of the cases. Though Vieussens' annulus was present in most of the dissections, the anastomotic ansa between the cervical sympathetic and both the lower laryngeal nerve and the phrenic nerve corresponds more rarely to the conventional pattern. PMID- 6518116 TI - [Functional relationship between chemosensitive substrates (intermediate area) and respiratory neurons in the nucleus retroambigualis in cats]. PMID- 6518115 TI - Anatomical and functional study on the musculus semimembranosus. AB - The dissection of 18 knees taken from fresh cadavers has led to a detailed description of the semimembranosus muscle (musculus semimembranosus). It is exclusively tibial with its three tendons rendering the muscle functional, whatever the position of the knee may be. There are other attachments, sometimes described are merely expansions extending to the menisco-tibial and menisco femoral formations, from which this distal termination must be distinguished. Electromyography performed on 17 specimens confirms that this muscle serves more as a brake on outer rotation than an inner rotator muscle, especially when the hip is flexed and the knee stretched. PMID- 6518117 TI - [Long-term prognosis of convulsive disorders in the first year of life: the prognostic value of the electroencephalogram at 0 to 3 years of age]. PMID- 6518118 TI - [Urinary 3-methylhistidine excretion in children with neuromuscular diseases]. PMID- 6518119 TI - [Effect of theophylline on brain development in the perinatal period]. PMID- 6518120 TI - [A study on anticonvulsant-induced rickets]. PMID- 6518121 TI - [Clinical and electroencephalographic studies on the refracted type infantile autism]. PMID- 6518122 TI - [NMR imaging of a child's brain. 1. A normal example]. PMID- 6518123 TI - [Disturbance of micturition in status lacunaris]. AB - Detailed micturitional history and urodynamic study were performed on 42 patients with status lacunaris who had urinary symptoms. 1) Micturitional history revealed 21 patients (50%) had irritative, 7 (16.7%) had obstructive and 13 had both symptoms. 2) Urodynamic study revealed the following: Six among 40 had abnormal uroflowmetrogram. Nineteen among 40 had residual urine of 30 approximately 470 ml, on the average 135 ml. Among 42 one had high and 3 had low maximal urethral closure pressures. Bladder capacity at maximal sensation was below 200 ml in 20 and over 600 ml in 2. Electromyography showed 10 had detrusor-sphincter dyssynergia, 4 had uninhibited sphincter relaxation and 14 had brisk bulbocavernosus reflex. 3) Judging from the above results 25 over 42 patients (59.5%) had on the average a moderate degree of evacuation disturbance and 37 over 42 patients (88.1%) had on the average a severe degree of storage disturbance. PMID- 6518124 TI - [Coagulation-fibrinolysis abnormalities in acute stage of subarachnoid hemorrhage (Part 1)--With special reference to the relation between cerebral vasospasm and fibrinopeptides A and B beta]. AB - It is well known that abnormalities of coagulation and fibrinolysis frequently take place during the course of cerebrovascular diseases. In this paper, coagulation and fibrinolytic studies were performed during the course of acute stage through chronic stage of subarachnoid hemorrhage. Tested items were partial thromboplastin time, prothrombin time, FDP, alpha 2-plasmin inhibitor, antithrombin III, fibrinogen, besides, fibrinopeptide A (FPA), and fibrinopeptide B beta (FPB beta) which were being worthy of note. Blood were sampled from peripheral vein (V) and internal jugular vein at jugular bulb (J). And, moreover, cerebrospinal fluid (L) were collected as possible as we could for measuring FPA and FPB beta. The obtained results were summarized as follows; Within forty-eight hours from the onset of subarachnoid hemorrhage, FPA-V, J,L and FPB beta-V, J,L were statistically higher than those of control. FPA-J and FPB beta-V, J, within forty-eight hours from the onset were statistically higher in the cases with brain death than in the survived cases. On the third to fifth day from the onset when so called cerebral vasospasm became apparent to begin, FPA and FPB beta had a tendency to be higher than other periods. Increase of fibrinogen delayed from the peaks of FPA and FPB beta showing the peaks at the seventh to the fourteenth day from the onset of subarachnoid hemorrhage. In three cases with symptomatic vasospasm, FPA and FPB beta showed maximal values two to four days prior to the appearance of symptomatic cerebral vasospasm. Other tests were all within normal limits.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6518125 TI - [Dynamic computed tomography of brain tumor]. AB - Dynamic computed tomography (CT) has been widely used because of its simplicity, but regional cerebral perfusion of brain tumors has not critically been evaluated. This study was conducted to evaluated parameters obtained from the dynamic perfusion study in brain tumors and to clarify the usefulness of the dynamic CT comparing with Xe-enhanced CT. Dynamic CT was performed on 20 patients with brain tumor (three meningiomas, one pineal tumor, three metastatic brain tumors, thirteen gliomas). Dynamic CT consisted of performing six rapid sequential scans after a bolus intravenous injection of 40 ml of iodinated contrast medium. In this study, five parameters (corrected first moment, area, peak, time to peak, percent terminal height) were obtained from computer analysed curve fit on time density curve profile of serial scanning. In Xe-enhanced CT, serial CT was taken every three or five minutes during inhalation of 40 to 50 percent stable xenon. Flow rate constant (K), partition coefficient (lambda) and cerebral blood flow (CBF) for each pixel were calculated from delta HU (Hounsfield unit) and end-tidal air curve and displayed on CRT as images. In patients with meningioma, values of area and percent terminal height of the tumor were much higher than those of contralateral gray matter, and these findings show excessive increase of the intratumoral blood volume and extreme extravasation of iodinated contrast medium respectively. In patients with metastatic brain tumor or malignant glioma, which were enhanced by contrast medium, the values of all parameters of the tumors were higher than contralateral gray matter. Increase of intratumoral blood volume and destruction of blood brain barrier are suggested in these tumors. In the remaining patients with glioma, which was not enhanced, the values of corrected first moment and time to peak of the tumors were higher but area and peak were lower than contralateral gray matter. These findings show decrease of intratumoral blood volume and delay of mean transit time and arrival time of the bolus. Compared with CBF measured by Xe-enhanced CT, it was suggested that high density area of metastatic brain tumor or malignant glioma consisted of viable tumor cells, and in patients with glioma, low density area adjacent to the tumor with contrast enhancement was the invasive site of the tumor. Using dynamic CT, we were also able to distinguish the tissue contains viable tumor cells from the other part of brain by the differences in the parameter value. PMID- 6518126 TI - [Localization of lesions in aphasia: clinical-CT scan correlations (Part 1)]. AB - Using a microcomputer, the locus and extent of the lesions, as demonstrated by computed tomography for 127 cases with various types of aphasia were superimposed onto standardized matrices. The relationship between the foci of the lesions and the types of aphasia was investigated. Broca ++aphasics (n = 39): Since the accumulated site of the lesions highly involved the deep structures of the lower part of the precentral gyrus as well as the insula and lenticular nucleus, only 60% of the Broca aphasics had lesions on these areas. This finding has proved to have little localizing value. Wernicke aphasics (n = 23): The size of the lesion was significantly smaller than Broca's aphasia. At least 70% of the patients had the superior temporal lesions involving Wernicke's area and subcortical lesions of the superior and middle temporal gyri. The site of lesion corresponded roughly to the previous clinico-pathological reports but located a little deep. Amnestic aphasics (n = 18): The size of the lesion was smaller than any other types. While there was some concentration of the lesions (maximum 40%) in the area of the subcortical region of the anterior temporal gyrus adjacent to Wernicke's area and the lenticular nucleus, the lesions were distributed throughout the left hemisphere. Amnestic aphasia was thought to be the least localizable. Conduction aphasics (n = 11): The lesions were relatively small in size. Many patients had posterior speech area lesions involving at least partially Wernicke's area. In particular, more than 80% of the conduction aphasics had lesions of the supramarginal gyrus and it's adjacent deep structures. Global aphasics (n = 36): In general, the size of the lesion was very large and 70% of the global aphasics had extensive lesions involving both Broca's and Wernicke's areas. However, there were observations showing that the lesions can be small and confined. Because of the large variability in lesion patterns and speech disturbances, it is necessary to expand the number of cases for relate detailed neuropsychological examinations with morphological CT-findings. Our method permits it easily to process and to analyze a large number of cases. By studying larger series, the better definition in the relationship between anatomic lesion location and aphasia type, even for less common aphasia syndromes could be obtained. PMID- 6518127 TI - [Meningioma and acoustic neurinoma occurring in two siblings of two different families]. AB - The authors reported familial brain tumors in which meningioma and acoustic neurinoma occurred in two siblings of each two families with no evidence of the neurocutaneous syndromes, nor the familial cancer syndromes. Case A-1 is a 49 year-old female admitted to the hospital because of bilateral visual disturbance in July of 1976. A suprasellar mass was observed by CT scan. Right frontal craniotomy and removal of the tumor were done in July of 1976. Histological diagnosis was meningothelimatous meningioma. Case A-2 is a 47-year-old female, a younger sister of case A-1. Tinnitus, hearing disturbance, hemifacial sensory involvement of right side and impaired gait occurred at the end of 1981. Tomography revealed the dilatation of the right internal auditory canal. A multicystic mass was observed at the right cerebellopontine angle by CT scan. An operation was performed in May of 1982, and the tumor was diagnosed as Antoni A type neurinoma. Case B-1 is 23-year-old male who was admitted to the hospital in April of 1975, following the sudden onset of general convulsion. Left carotid angiogram showed the elevation of middle cerebral arteries and a tumor stain at the left temporal region. An operation was performed to remove the left sylvian tumor in April of 1975, and the tumor was diagnosed as transitional meningioma. Case B-2 is a 32-year-old female, an elder sister of case B-1. Bilateral tinnitus and hearing disturbance occurred in 1973. She complained left hemifacial sensory involvement and impaired gait in July of 1979. CT scan showed mass lesions with markedly contrast enhancement effect at the bilateral cerebellopontine angles. An operation was performed to remove the left tumor in November of 1979 and the right tumor in July of 1980. Histologically the both tumors were diagnosed as Schwannoma. The authors have collected reports of 117 families in which intracranial tumors occurred without evidence of the neurocutaneous syndromes and the familial cancer syndromes. Six out of 117 families showed histologically different kind of tumors, however the combination of meningioma and neurinoma could not be found. Consequently our cases of meningioma and neurinoma occurred in two siblings of two different families must be the first report. PMID- 6518128 TI - [An autopsy case of membranous lipodystrophy (Nasu)]. AB - Membranous lipodystrophy (Nasu) is characterized by polycystic osteodysplasia associated with dementia. We recently experienced a 9th autopsy case in Japan. This 50 year-old male, eldest in the reported autopsied case in Japan, presented bone fracture at 35 year of age and dementia started at 45. His parents were cousins. His sister, died with carcinoma of the bladder at 35, developed marked osteoporosis with multiple pathological fractures and "membrano-cystic" lesions were found in her adipose tissue. The roentgenogram of the patient's long bone revealed radiolucent and cystic areas with irregular boundaries at the metaphyses. Computer tomography of the brain examined during the last 3 years showed slowly progressive brain atrophy. Calcifications of the basal ganglia or low density area in the white matter were not found. Autopsy showed typical "membrano-cystic" lesions in the adipose tissue of the whole body including bone marrow. Brain weighed 1,030 g. There was a mild convolutional atrophy at the frontal lobe. White matter was diffusely atrophic. Demyelination was limited to the frontal lobe, where only small number of perivascular sudanophilic lipid laden macrophages were found. Fibrillary astrocytes were rather diffusely proliferated, consistent with sclerosing leukoencephalopathy. Many spheroids were found in the frontal and occipital deep white matters, and external capsule. Ultrastructural study of spheroid revealed increased amount of neurofilament, vesicles with free patchy dense materials and degenerated mitochondria, which were consistent with primary axonal degeneration. PMID- 6518129 TI - [Effects of nizofenone on ischemic cerebral edema in Mongolian gerbils]. AB - The effects of nizofenone on ischemic cerebral edema in Mongolian gerbils were compared with those of pentobarbital (PBT). Water content, used as an index of cerebral edema, was calculated from the wet and dry weights of each hemisphere. In the sensitive gerbils subjected to permanent occlusion of the right common carotid artery, water content of the right hemisphere increased by about 6% at 24 hr after ischemia. In the animals treated with nizofenone (30 mg/kg i.p.) and PBT (60 mg/kg i.p.), water content was significantly lower than that of the control group at 24 hr and 1.5-24 hr after ischemia, respectively. In the sensitive gerbils subjected to temporary occlusion of the right common carotid artery for 60 min, water content of the right hemisphere increased gradually by about 5% at 72 hr after recirculation. In the animals treated with nizofenone (30 mg/kg i.p.) and PBT (60 mg/kg i.p.), water content was significantly lower than that of the control group at 24-72 hr and 1.5-72 hr after recirculation, respectively. Nizofenone became effective in lowering brain water content after 24 hr following ischemia. On the other hand, PBT was effective from an early stage of ischemic cerebral edema. Brain edema following an ischemic injury is considered to be initially of the cytotoxic type, subsequently changing into the vasogenic type. The above results suggest that nizofenone may be effective in ameliorating ischemic cerebral edema, particularly vasogenic edema, and that this may be partially related to its cerebral protective action. PMID- 6518130 TI - [Significance of prolonged barbiturate therapy on severe head injuries--ICP regulation and duration of barbiturate administration]. AB - Barbiturate therapy was performed on 84 head trauma patients which were measured on GCS score of 8 or less, through October 1979 to December 1982. More than 3 g/day of thiamylal or more than 1.5 g/day of pentobarbital were administered for barbiturate therapy. Barbiturate therapy was discontinued in patients whose ICP remained less than 20 mmHg for more than 36 hours. In patients whose ICP sustained higher level, barbiturate was administered continuously until brain death was confirmed or non-filling was recognized. The patients were divided into two groups; Group I in which barbiturate therapy was carried out for 72 hours or less, and Group II in which it was administered for more than 72 hours. The patients in each group were further divided into responder and survivor (a), responder but late death (b), and no-responder or acute brain death (c), As far as age of patients concern, 19 out of 26 patients whose age was less than 20, 22 out of 35 patients whose age was 20-50 and 13 out of 23 patients whose age was more than 50 years responded well to the barbiturate therapy. But one patient died among young age, 4 patients died among middle age and 9 patients died among aged group at later stage. As for Group I (51 patients), Group I a consisted of 22 patients (mean age; 26.2 years, mean GCS score; 6.04, mean initial and maximal ICP; 11.9 and 27.8 mmHg), I b of 8 (52.5 years, 4.75, 17.0 and 27.8 mmHg), and I c of 21 (41.4 years, 4.57, 38.1 and 98.0 mmHg respectively).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6518131 TI - [Protective effects of 4-(o-benzylphenoxy)-N-methylbutylamine hydrochloride (bifemelane) on acutely induced cerebral ischemia in Mongolian gerbils and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR)]. AB - Effects of new antihypoxic agent (bifemelane) on survival and brain metabolism were studied in acute cerebral ischemia induced by bilateral carotid artery ligation in mongolian gerbils and SHR. Either 10 mg/kg or 30 mg/kg body weight of bifemelane solved in distilled water was intraperitoneally administered 1 hr in gerbils and 1.5 hrs in SHR prior to carotid ligation, and same amount of vehicle was also given in similar manner for control animals. Brain tissue metabolites such as lactate, pyruvate and ATP were determined by using the enzymatic technique in the ischemic brain frozen in situ 1 hr after carotid ligations in SHR. Mean survival times following carotid ligations were 186 +/- 255 min (+/- SD) in control gerbils, 429 +/- 455 min in those with 10 mg/kg of bifemelane, and 310 +/- 429 min in those with 30 mg/kg respectively, its difference between control and 10 mg/kg group being significant (P less than 0.05). Supratentorial lactate concentrations in the ischemic brains of SHR were substantially the same among the groups, whereas ATP levels were 0.62 +/- 0.24 mM/kg in control animals, 1.10 +/- 0.67 mM/kg in rats with 10 mg/kg of the drug, and 1.13 +/- 0.42 mM/kg in those with 30 mg/kg, respectively. In animals with a high dose pretreatment, the reduction of ATP was significantly smaller than that in control (P less than 0.02), indicating that this agent prevents a decline of high energy phosphate in the ischemic brain although anaerobic metabolites increase similarly in animals of all experiment groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6518132 TI - Cellular mechanisms of myeloproliferative disorders. PMID- 6518133 TI - Delay in primary haemostasis produced by a fish diet without change in local thromboxane A2. AB - Twelve apparently healthy male volunteers were maintained for 6 weeks on a fish diet, the haemostatic effects of which were determined as standardized skin bleeding times; thromboxane A2 formation in vivo in the bleeding time blood and in vitro in clotting venous blood; platelet aggregability; and platelet phospholipids. Within 1 week the fish diet changed the fatty acid composition of platelet membrane phospholipids, with increases in omega-3 and decreases in omega 6 fatty acids; described platelet aggregability by ADP and collagen; but the bleeding time was unchanged. Not until 6 weeks on the diet did the bleeding time increase (by 37%: P less than 0.01) and it was still increased 3 weeks after the end of the diet, when the fatty acid composition of the platelets had returned to normal. The effect of the diet on decreased aggregability of platelets also failed to follow the changes in their fatty acid composition and in the bleeding time. Aggregation by ADP and by the highest dose of collagen was decreased throughout the diet and for several weeks thereafter, i.e. even when the fatty acid composition had reverted to the pre-dietary pattern and long after the normalization of the bleeding time. The diet caused no change in the in vivo appearance of thromboxane A2 in the bleeding time blood, contrasting with its effect in decreasing the in vitro formation of thromboxane A2 in clotting venous blood. These observations suggest that such fish diets do not delay haemostasis by diminishing the formation of thromboxane A2 locally nor directly by decreasing the aggregability of platelets or directly by the induced changes in their omega 3 fatty acids. PMID- 6518134 TI - Neonatal antithrombin III. AB - Antithrombin III (AT-III) heparin cofactor activity and its antigen levels have been determined in 106 plasma samples from 42 term and preterm neonates. In contrast to healthy adult controls, a reduced activity/antigen (act/ag) ratio (ranging from 0.26 to 0.86) was observed in 90% of the samples and was independent of the state of health of the infant. By modifying the routine assay techniques, laboratory artefacts were excluded as the cause of the observed discrepancy. The relative increase in antigenic AT-III could not be accounted for by circulating AT-III-thrombin complexes, or by increased heparin cofactor II plasma levels in neonates. PMID- 6518135 TI - The mechanism of the anaemia in rheumatoid arthritis: effects of bone marrow adherent cells and of serum on in-vitro erythropoiesis. AB - Clonal assays for erythroid progenitors (BFU-e and CFU-e) were used to study 20 patients with rheumatoid arthritis, 15 of whom had anaemia of chronic disease and five of whom were haematologically normal. The numbers of bone marrow BFU-e and CFU-e in the anaemic patients did not differ significantly from those in normal controls. Macrophages were removed from the bone marrow by a combination of adherence and buoyant density centrifugation over a sucrose gradient and the resulting fractions were cultured alone or together with autologous adherent cells in BFU-e assays. Co-culture with adherent cells significantly increased colony growth in both the controls and in seven of eight anaemic patients studied. Serum from 14 anaemic patients and from five non-anaemic patients was added to cultures of bone marrow or to control peripheral blood 'null' cells. Anaemic serum uniformly either inhibited or failed to stimulate BFU-e growth under these conditions. Serum from non-anaemic patients and from 10 healthy controls stimulated BFU-e growth from 'null' cells to an equal degree. PMID- 6518136 TI - Assessment of the drug sensitivity of acute nonlymphocytic leukaemia using the in vitro clonogenic assay. AB - The ability of an in vitro clonogenic drug sensitivity assay to predict the outcome of therapy for acute nonlymphocytic leukaemia was evaluated using marrow cells obtained from previously untreated or first relapsed patients treated with either cytosine arabinoside/anthracycline antibiotic or high dose cytosine arabinoside remission induction therapy. While the per cent of leukaemic cells killed in vitro was correlated with the outcome of therapy, this drug sensitivity assay provided little or no clinically useful information. PMID- 6518137 TI - Low plasma cell 3(H) thymidine incorporation in monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS), smouldering myeloma and remission phase myeloma: a reliable indicator of patients not requiring therapy. AB - The kinetics of bone marrow plasma cells were evaluated by means of in vitro 3(H)thymidine incorporation in 143 patients with monoclonal gammopathies. Fifty three patients had symptomatic multiple myeloma (MM) at diagnosis, nine were in stable remission, six in unstable remission, and 16 in the relapse phase. Thirty seven patients were classified has having monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) and 22 as smouldering myeloma (SM). A thymidine labelling index (LI%) of greater than 3 at initial diagnosis predicted a very short survival. High LI% values (median 2.8 +/- 1.1) were also seen at relapse. However, the major new finding was that the LI% could be used to discriminate precisely between the SM-MGUS group and the MM patients including stage I disease (P less than 0.0001). Only one patient developed MM during follow up, that being 8 months after the initial diagnosis of SM. During the unmaintained stable remission (plateau) phase a low proliferative activity was also observed (LI% = 0.6 +/- 0.2). Thus the LI% was extremely useful in identification of both poor risk groups with a LI% greater than 3 and stable patients requiring no immediate therapy with a LI% less than 1. The ability to discriminate between MGUS and SM and stage I MM should prove particularly useful clinically. PMID- 6518138 TI - A model for erythropoiesis in experimental chronic renal failure. AB - Chronic renal failure (CRF) in rats was induced by various subtotal nephrectomy procedures. Plasma creatinine concentrations ([Creat]p) were consistently elevated in partially nephrectomized (PNX) rats (P less than 0.001) and renal function ([Creat]p-1) was correlated with the amount of intact renal tissue (r = 0.624, P less than 0.001). Red blood cell (RBC) production in uraemic and non uraemic rats was assessed using the recovery of packed cell volume (PCV) and the production of reticulocytes in response to acute blood loss (5, 10, 15 and 20 ml kg-1 body wt). PCV recovery was significantly delayed and failed to reach pre bleed values for up to 28 d in PNX rats compared with full recovery within 8 d in controls. Linear relationships between the index of reticulocyte production (RP1) and blood loss induced falls in PCV were found in PNX (r = -0.679, P less than 0.001) and control rats (r = -0.696, P less than 0.001). The index of RBC production was lower in PNX rats compared with controls. This was attributed to a reduced erythropoietin (Ep) mediated reticulocyte response to acute blood loss in PNX rats. PNX rats developed a normocytic, normochromic form of anaemia in which the red blood cell volume (RBCV) and plasma volume (PV) were both appropriate for measured PCVs. The reduced RBC production response in experimental CRF may explain the development of anaemia in PNX rats, even though steady state erythropoiesis may eventually be established at a reduced level of PCV. Furthermore, the quantitative evaluation of RBC production in response to acute blood loss provides a further model for the assessment of agents which may stimulate erythropoiesis in CRF. PMID- 6518140 TI - Double esterase positive cells. PMID- 6518139 TI - The haemostatic plug in haemophilia A: a morphological study of haemostatic plug formation in bleeding time skin wounds of patients with severe haemophilia A. AB - Haemostatic plug formation in four patients with severe haemophilia A (VIII:C less than 1%) was studied in skin biopsies taken at 3, 10 and 30 min and 2 h after a template bleeding time wound had been made. The primary haemostatic plug showed relatively minor changes, consisting of a delay in platelet degranulation and interdigitation. Some platelet aggregates not attached to vessels were encountered in the wound. Subsequently the primary haemostatic plug changed into a firm stable degranulated mass of interdigitated platelets. The major abnormality occurred during the fibrinous transformation. At 2 h many haemostatic plugs consisted of a thin peripheral layer of fibrin and platelet remnants around a central area containing red and white blood cells with a varying amount of plasma and only relatively few fibrin fibres. These observations suggest that fibrin formation in the periphery of the plug is less dependent of factor VIII than in central areas. The lack of fibrin formation in the centre of the plug compensating for the platelet lysis at 2 h may have caused the central erosion of the plug. PMID- 6518141 TI - Anorexia nervosa: starvation dependence. AB - A case is presented, based on clinical observation and a sharing of fundamental features, for viewing anorexia nervosa as a dependence disorder. This view lends a coherence to the clinical picture and generates some new hypotheses for research. PMID- 6518142 TI - An existential approach to psychotherapy. AB - The realization that existence is a process, a 'becoming', helps to avoid the temptation to see man as a collection of 'mechanisms' which, when faulty, can be overhauled or dismantled. Therapy takes place in a present which contains the past and is directed towards a future. Undue preoccupation with the past and the neglect of present phenomena and future possibilities tend to restrict the understanding of the problem as it 'presents' itself. Man is able to choose, within the limits of his/her conditions, and has responsibility for this choice. The possibility of change is closely bound up with that of choice, and change is at the very heart of therapy. But to choose makes us feel anxious, and not to choose makes us feel guilty. An existential approach needs to introduce the concepts of existential anxiety and guilt, as distinct from their neurotic counterparts. If it is accepted that all experience is interrelated, the examination of isolated events will prove limited and even misleading. Particularly, the existential assumption of interrelatedness will sharpen the psychotherapist's awareness of the fact that s/he can never be an 'objective' observer, that (whatever his/her method) there is a living relationship between therapist and patient in which influence and change are mutual.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6518143 TI - Lay theories of the causes of alcoholism. AB - This paper investigates the range, structure and determinants of lay people's implicit theories of alcoholism. The different explicit medical and psychological theories are reviewed as are studies on lay beliefs about alcoholism and heavy drinking. After a number of interviews in which people were asked to list what they believed to be the major causes of alcoholism, 265 people completed a questionnaire in which they rated 30 explanations for their importance in explaining the causes of alcoholism. Females more than males believed alcoholics to be socially inadequate and anxious and that there was too much social pressure and not enough prohibitions against drinking. Middle-aged rather than younger or older people tended to explain alcoholism in terms of poor education, social and cultural pressures and biological or genetic mechanisms. However, there were few differences in the ratings of heavy, moderate, light and non-drinkers. Factor analysis revealed six factors labelled psychological stress, personal and social problems, psychoanalytic theories, sociocultural explanations, biological or genetic explanations and social desirability or pressure. The results are discussed in terms of the research on lay understandings of psychological and medical phenomena, and the relationship between explicit and implicit theories. PMID- 6518144 TI - Mourning distinct from melancholia: the resolution of bereavement. AB - The premise that mourning has been satisfactorily completed when symptoms associated with the response to loss subside is rejected. The emphasis on the bereaved's behavioural functioning in adjustment to loss has tended to overshadow the recollected relationship to the deceased as a major dimension in the resolution of loss. Elaborating the two-track model of bereavement (Rubin, 1981), the author focuses upon the relationship to the representations of the deceased from the object relations point of view. The active relationship between representations of the deceased and the bereaved's self-representations define resolution of loss. Two cases are presented to illustrate the thesis. PMID- 6518145 TI - Planned brief psychotherapy in clinical practice. AB - A workshop was set up at the Tavistock Clinic to study the application in other clinical settings of techniques of brief psychotherapy developed there. Five people from mixed professional backgrounds met for three years and treated patients, unselected for brief therapy, utilizing these techniques. Of the 15 patients who embarked on treatment, 13 completed it, and 12 of these were followed up for periods ranging from three months to two and a half years. Forms were developed by the workshop to chart the clinical progress of therapy, and to evaluate data on the patient, the psychodynamic focus and treatment process. These data were compared with outcome, rated behaviourally and psychodynamically. At non-significant levels, results indicated that outcome was better for those patients who experienced high levels of distress subjectively but who functioned well externally, those who had a supportive relationship outside therapy and those for whom a psychodynamic focus could be formulated and worked with. Unrelated to outcome were: the extent of early deprivation, severity of damage to object-relations capacities, time of onset and all of the practical aspects of therapy. Clinical illustrations are given and three exceptions to the trend of results are discussed. In general, the findings corroborate Malan's (1976) work. The claim is made that these results justify further exploration of the technique's applicability in NHS out-patient psychotherapy clinics. PMID- 6518146 TI - Environmental factors associated with continuers and terminators in adult out patient psychotherapy. AB - Two separate studies examined five areas in the patient's environment (e.g. life adjustment, external support, alternative counsel, intercurrent stress events, and other factors such as transport availability, and difficulty obtaining time off work) which may influence continuation or premature termination from psychotherapy. In the first study, a mail questionnaire was completed by 69 adult clients (32 terminators and 37 continuers) who attended for therapy at a state controlled psychiatric out-patient clinic. Multivariate analysis of variance on each set of environmental variables failed to achieve significance. Univariate analysis, however, showed the effect of alternative counsel in the community such as the number of people with whom clients could discuss their problems outside of the treatment setting. Continuers, for example, had access to more individuals in the community and actually received more help from specific individuals (e.g. spouses) than did terminators. A replication study was conducted on 45 clients (21 terminators and 24 continuers) who attended for treatment during a further period. Results from the second study showed similar patterning in the data as for Study 1. The role of informal support in conjunction with therapy cannot be overlooked as possibly assisting clients to continue towards their desired goals of treatment. PMID- 6518147 TI - Sexual dysfunction and interpersonal stress: the significance of the presenting complaint in seeking and engaging help. AB - This paper examines the extent to which sexual problems featured in one year's applications to a specialist marital agency and the degree of match between client and agency in the way these problems were understood. Sexual dysfunction is seen as having a functional aspect, capable of drawing attention to sensitive areas in marriage and yet of deflecting away from them when attention begins to constitute a threat. The nature of the threat is examined from a psychodynamic perspective in relation to a case example, and implications are drawn for the therapist in managing both the presenting symptom and the transference. PMID- 6518149 TI - Confusions in defining 'A-B' personality type: a rejoinder to Jenkins & Zyzanski. PMID- 6518148 TI - Interpersonal skills in behavioural psychotherapy: clinical psychology trainees' attitudes. AB - During a behaviour therapy training workshop, 15 postgraduate clinical psychology trainees were asked to assign 27 interpersonal therapeutic skills either to themselves and/or to the 'typical behaviour therapist'. The behaviour therapist's low ratings in therapeutic relationship skills is discussed, and the need for more research into the specific behavioural therapeutic relationship is emphasized. PMID- 6518150 TI - A-B personality, authoritarianism and coronary heart disease: a correction. PMID- 6518151 TI - Genital infections with Chlamydia trachomatis in women attending an antenatal clinic. AB - Cervical swabs for isolation of C. trachomatis and serum for anti-chlamydial antibodies were taken from 252 pregnant women on their first visit to an urban antenatal clinic. Chlamydial infection was found in 18 (7%) women, and antibody at titres greater than 1/32 in 48 (19%); of the 18 infected women only 10 (56%) showed antibody. The likelihood of infection could not have been predicted by urogenital symptoms, the social or medical history or serology. Hypertrophic cervical ectopy and mucopus were significantly more common in infected than in uninfected women but underestimate the true rate of infection. The consorts of 10 infected women had signs of non-gonococcal urethritis but were asymptomatic; C. trachomatis was isolated from the urethra of one man. The indications for routine screening of antenatal patients for chlamydial infections is discussed. PMID- 6518152 TI - Spontaneous abortion--an infectious aetiology? AB - The role of Chlamydia trachomatis, genital mycoplasmas, Campylobacter spp. and other aerobic and anaerobic bacteria in the aetiology of spontaneous abortion was investigated prospectively in 241 pregnant women at a community hospital. Sixteen women who had threatened abortions were a little younger, of lower social class and had had more previous spontaneous abortions than the 76 women who aborted or the 149 women whose pregnancies were not complicated in the early stages by haemorrhage. The demographic characteristics of the latter two groups of women were similar. C. trachomatis was isolated from the cervix of only one woman and she had no genital-tract bleeding at any stage in her pregnancy. Mycoplasma hominis was isolated most often from the women who had threatened abortions but otherwise the prevalence of the other various micro-organisms was similar in women who had spontaneous abortions, threatened abortions, and in those who had pregnancies uncomplicated by vaginal bleeding. It was clear, therefore, that C. trachomatis played no role in the aetiology of spontaneous abortion in the population studied and there was no suggestion that any of the other micro organisms were involved either. PMID- 6518153 TI - Pelvic inflammatory disease after hysterosalpingography associated with Chlamydia trachomatis and Mycoplasma hominis. AB - A total of 116 women were referred for hysterosalpingography because of primary or secondary infertility. Chlamydia trachomatis was isolated from the cervix of four (3.4%) of the patients whereas Mycoplasma hominis was isolated from 39 (33.6%) of them. Four patients developed acute pelvic inflammatory disease after hysterosalpingography; two of them were chlamydia culture-positive and developed a significant chlamydial antibody response during the course of the disease. One of the other two patients, who developed upper genital-tract infection, was culture positive for M. hominis and developed a significant antibody response to this micro-organism. The results indicate that C. trachomatis should be sought in patients before hysterosalpingography and, if detected, appropriate antibiotic cover should be instituted before the procedure. PMID- 6518154 TI - Size at birth of live-born Saudi infants. AB - Anthropometric measurements were done on 967 singleton live-born Saudi infants of gestational age 33 to 42 weeks who belonged to the high and middle social classes and who were born consecutively in Riyadh University Hospital. The 914 infants born at term (greater than or equal to 37 weeks) had a mean birthweight of 3.31 kg (SD 0.45), a mean length of 49.74 cm (SD 2.5) and a mean head circumference of 34.4 cm (SD 1.4). Values were significantly higher in males than females. Effect of sex in this study was not apparent until 40 weeks and later. Difference in body size was significant between the first-born and second infants but the trend was unimpressive with greater parity. Fifty-three (5.5%) of the infants were born preterm. Twenty-one of the preterm babies and 18 of the term infants weighed less than 2500 g, an overall incidence of low birthweight of 4%. Results were compared with studies from Saudi Arabia and other countries. It is concluded that there was no significant difference between birthweights of upper-class Saudis and Europeans. PMID- 6518155 TI - Salivary oestriol in normal and abnormal pregnancies. AB - Profiles of daily salivary oestriol concentrations throughout the third trimester of pregnancy have been constructed for 14 normal and 11 abnormal pregnancies. Day to-day variations were significantly higher than those reported for unconjugated oestriol in plasma or serum. A sustained decline in salivary oestriol concentrations was observed in one pregnancy in which intrauterine death occurred. Sustained falls were also observed in two pregnancies in which a healthy infant was born at term. In all other patients a normal salivary oestriol profile correlated with a favourable outcome. Salivary oestriol measurements provide similar information to plasma unconjugated oestriol measurements while offering the advantages of a simple, non-invasive sample collection procedure. PMID- 6518156 TI - The content of placental protein 12 in decidua and fetal membranes is greater than in placenta. AB - Radioimmunoassay, gel filtration and sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis were used to study the content and properties of placental protein 12 (PP12) in the placenta, decidua and fetal membranes. The tissues were obtained from early pregnancy in 12 cases, and after normal term delivery in eight cases in seven of which chorion and amnion laeve were also studied. There was more PP12 in decidua and fetal membranes than in placenta. The decidua/placenta ratio of PP12 content ranged from 2 to 1154 (mean 193, SEM 66). These results suggest that PP12 is a decidual rather than placental protein. PMID- 6518157 TI - Mullerian adenofibroma. Case report. PMID- 6518158 TI - Hilus cell tumour of the ovary with an associated endometrial carcinoma, presenting with male pattern baldness and postmenopausal bleeding. Case report. PMID- 6518159 TI - Pleomorphic rhabdomyosarcoma of the uterus. Case report with a review of the literature. PMID- 6518160 TI - Stability and physicochemical properties of a trypsin inhibitor from winged bean seed (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus (L)DC). AB - The stability and physicochemical properties of the major trypsin inhibitor from the winged bean seed (designated trypsin inhibitor 2) have been studied in solution. The purified inhibitor, which stoichiometrically inhibits bovine trypsin in the molar ratio 1:1, is stable over the pH range 3-11 at ambient temperatures. Only a slight decrease in inhibitory activity occurs down to pH 2, but a sharper decrease occurs at pH values above 11. The inhibitor is stable to heat up to 60 degrees C, but at higher temperatures (60-90 degrees C) it is more stable at pH than at pH 5.5 or pH 8.0. Trypsin inhibitor 2 retains its inhibitory activity in 8 M urea at pH 8.0, but is more susceptible to 8 M urea at pH 4.0. The stronger denaturant 6 M guanidine hydrochloride, however, abolishes the inhibitory activity at both pH 4.0 and pH 8.0. The inhibitor was not inactivated in 0.14 M beta-mercaptoethanol at either pH; however, reduction in the presence of 8 M urea or 6 M guanidine hydrochloride results in a loss of inhibitory activity. Circular dichroism and optical rotatory dispersion studies indicate that the inhibitor structure is characterized by beta-sheet and unordered forms and the absence of alpha-helix. The positive CD band centered at 227 nm has been used to follow conformation change as a function of temperature. In line with the stability studies, the inhibitor conformation was thermally most stable at pH 3.0 and changed increasingly as the pH was raised. This band showed little change at neutral pH up to 8 M guanidine hydrochloride. Tyrosine titration in aqueous solution indicates that 1 or 2 of the 11 tyrosines are difficult to titrate even at pH 13. A more normal titration curve is obtained in 6 M guanidine hydrochloride, although at least one tyrosine side-chain appears to be buried in the protein interior and resists complete titration at pH values in excess of 12. These data show that this inhibitor has a high degree of stability, typical of other known protein proteinase inhibitors. PMID- 6518161 TI - The investigation of the structure of collagen in growth process by X-ray analysis and electron microscopy. AB - The structure of collagen in growth process has been investigated by X-ray analysis and electron microscopy using laying hen leg tendon collagen. On unstretching, the orientation of the band structure becomes better with age in birds younger than 4.5 months and is complete at ages above 4.5 months, whereas on stretching, the orientation is complete independent of age. This result suggests that the band structure may be complete by hatching. At approx. 4.5 months of age, the laying hen leg tendon collagen begins to harden from the lower end portion of the leg. On a macroscopic level, this hardening means that the collagen changes from the soft and flexible state to the rigid state. The higher order structure of the hardened collagen consists of two domains: one is the domain in which the band structure remains, though it is not as clear as that of the collagen in the soft tendon, and another is the domain in which the band structure disappears and slender streaks having widths of 5-10 nm run along the fibril axis. It can be considered that this hardening might be caused by the increase of cross-links accompanied by calcification. PMID- 6518162 TI - Inactivation of human high- and low-molecular-weight urokinases. Analysis of their active site. AB - We previously demonstrated that 3,4-dihydro-3,4-dibromo-6-bromomethylcoumarin (dihydrocoumarin I) inhibited high-molecular-weight urokinase through a mechanism based (suicide) inactivation (M. Reboud-Ravaux, G. Desvages and F. Chapeville (1982) FEBS Lett. 140, 58-62). In order to define the site of alkylation, peptic peptides were prepared from urokinase (heavy form) treated first by tritiated dihydrocoumarin I. After separation by reverse-phase HPLC, the labelled fragments were sequenced. His-46 in the B-chain of urokinase (heavy form) had been selectively alkylated, proving that this amino acid forms part of the active site. 3,4-Dihydro-3-benzyl-6-chloromethylcoumarin (dihydrocoumarin II) was more reactive than dihydrocoumarin I against urokinase (heavy form) by a factor of 130. Low-molecular-weight urokinase was inactivated by dihydrocoumarin II slightly more slowly than urokinase (heavy form), showing a decrease of 30% in the corresponding second-order rate constant. In contrast, dihydrocoumarin I displayed an analogous reactivity against light and heavy forms of urokinase. As expected, in the absence of the alkylating moiety, such as in 3,4-dihydro-3 benzylcoumarin (dihydrocoumarin III), no inactivation was observed. It is note worthy that dihydrocoumarin II which carried an extra-aromatic group fitted well within the active site of light and heavy urokinases, suggesting a nonpolar character for their primary binding site. PMID- 6518163 TI - The specificity of biliverdin reductase. A study with different biliverdin types. AB - The specificity of rat liver biliverdin reductase was examined with the help of a series of synthetic biliverdins. The mixture of the four biliverdin isomers obtained by the chemical oxidation of protohemin I, protohemin XI, protohemin XIV and harderohemin were used as substrates of biliverdin reductase and were compared with the mixture of biliverdins IX alpha-delta. Biliverdin reductase (molecular form 1) from rat liver efficiently reduced the isomer mixtures of biliverdins I, XI, XIV and harderobiliverdins to the bilirubins in the presence of NADPH. The enzymatic reduction of the different biliverdin types was studied in the presence of different NADPH analogues. NADPH could be replaced by NADH, 3 acetyl NADPH and deamino-NADPH with retention of a good substrate activity only in the case of biliverdins of types I and IX and harderobiliverdins. Biliverdins XI and XIV were efficiently reduced only in the presence of NADPH and an excess of NADH. Bactobilin III-alpha was also very efficiently reduced by biliverdin reductase in the presence of both NADPH and NADH but not in the presence of the other analogues. These results indicate that biliverdin reductase reduced bilitriene acids substituted with non-polar and polar residues. PMID- 6518164 TI - Enzymatically active zinc, copper and mercury derivatives of the one-iron form of pig allantoic fluid acid phosphatase. AB - Derivatives of the violet, iron-containing acid phosphatase of pig allantoic fluid have been prepared in which one of the two iron atoms present in the native enzyme has been replaced by zinc, copper or mercury. The derivatives so formed are enzymatically active: the Zn-Fe, Cu-Fe and Hg-Fe enzymes have specific activities of about 80%, 25% and 17% respectively, of the maximum specific activity of the Fe-Fe enzyme in the standard assay at pH 4.9 with p-nitrophenyl phosphate as substrate. In contrast to the Fe-Fe enzyme, the mixed metal derivatives are not rapidly inactivated by H2O2. Visible absorption spectra of the derivatives confirm that all of the visible absorption of the Fe-Fe enzyme is due to one of the iron atoms. Attempts to prepare an active Cu-Cu enzyme were unsuccessful. PMID- 6518165 TI - Kinetics of the inhibition by naphtholsulfonate compounds of AMP deaminase from chicken erythrocytes. AB - The effect of a variety of naphthalene sulfonate compounds on the chicken erythrocyte AMP deaminase (AMP aminohydrolase, EC 3.5.4.6) reaction was analyzed kinetically. Of the naphthalene sulfonate derivatives tested, the compounds with hydroxyl, sulfonate and nitrogen groups such as amino, anilino or azo groups showed an inhibitory effect. The cooperative effect of AMP, analyzed in terms of Hill coefficient, was increased from about 2 to 4 and the maximal velocity was unchanged with the addition of these compounds, suggesting the ligands as an allosteric inhibitor of the enzyme. The inhibition of AMP deaminase by naphtholsulfonate compounds can be qualitatively and quantitatively accounted for by the Monod-Wyman-Changeux model. Theoretical curves yield a satisfactory fit of all experimental saturation and inhibition curves, assuming four binding sites for AMP and the inhibitor, and various KT(I) values. The structure-activity analysis of the interaction of the naphtholsulfonate compounds with AMP deaminase has demonstrated that the affinity of the enzyme for naphtholsulfonates as the inhibitors is correlated with electronic properties of the nitrogen atoms attached to naphthalene moiety: the delocalization of lone electron pair on nitrogen through naphtholsulfonate group makes the compound less basic, resulting in more tight binding of the ligand to the enzyme. Introduction of hydrophobic group to naphtholsulfonate moiety increases the binding affinity for the enzyme, and of the inhibition. These results suggest the location of hydrophobic regions as the allosteric inhibitory sites of the enzyme for the binding of naphtholsulfonate compounds. PMID- 6518166 TI - The domain structure of the cholesterol side-chain cleavage cytochrome P-450 from bovine adrenocortical mitochondria. Localization of haem group and domains in the polypeptide chain. AB - Cytochrome P-450scc consists of two domains linked with a short loop of the polypeptide chain; under hydrolysis by trypsin the domains retain their associated state due to rigid noncovalent interactions. A partial separation of the domains by gel-chromatography on Sephadex G-200 with retention of a haem group in domain I has been achieved after incubation of the trypsin-modified cytochrome P-450scc in 50 mM phosphate buffer (pH 7.2)/1 M NaCl/0.3% sodium cholate/0.3% Tween 80. The separation of domains I and II to individual fragments of the haemoprotein polypeptide chain has been achieved by chromatography under denaturation conditions on the activated thiopropyl-Sepharose via a selective covalent immobilization of domain II. Dissociation of a complex of domains I and II has been effectuated in the presence of 7 M guanidine. Structural characteristics of individual domains have been investigated. It is established that domain I containing a haem group is the N-terminal moiety, and domain II, the C-terminal moiety of the polypeptide chain of cytochrome P-450scc. The pathways of limited trypsinolysis of the native cytochrome P-450scc have been determined. The peptides containing cysteine residues localized on the surface of domain II and responsible for the interaction of haemoprotein with activated thiopropyl-Sepharose have been isolated in a homogeneous form and their amino acid sequences have been assessed. PMID- 6518167 TI - Anomalous pH dependence of the heme-bound carbon monoxide spectroscopic properties in the Glycera dibranchiata monomer hemoglobin fraction compared to vertebrate hemoglobins. AB - The pH dependence of infrared and NMR spectroscopic parameters for carbon monoxide bound to human, equine, rabbit and Glycera dibranchiata monomer fraction hemoglobins has been examined. In all cases, the vertebrate hemoglobins exhibit CO vibrations and 13CO chemical shifts which are pH dependent, whereas the invertebrate hemoglobin does not. The Glycera dibranchiata monomer fraction exhibits the highest wavenumber CO vibration (1970 cm-1) and the most shielded chemical shift (206.2 ppm). The pH behavior of the vertebrate CO-hemoglobins is that the heme-coordinated carbon monoxide chemical shifts and principal infrared vibrations tend toward the values observed for the G. dibranchiata CO-hemoglobin fraction. These results are interpreted as originating in protonation of the distal histidine (E-7) in the vertebrate hemoglobins. The anomalous values for Glycera dibranchiata are concluded to be due to the absence of a distal histidine (E-7 His----Leu) in the heme pocket and not to gross structural dissimilarities between the proteins of the different species examined. Primary sequence similarity matrices have been constructed to compare the functional classes of amino acids at homologous positions for the CD and E helices and for the primary heme contacts in human, equine, sperm whale myoglobin, and the Glycera dibranchiata monomer hemoglobin to illustrate this point. They reveal a high correspondence for all globins and do not correlate with the spectroscopic parameters of heme-coordinated CO. PMID- 6518169 TI - [Comparative study of bovine ocular lens proteins in native tissue and an extract using the x-ray diffraction method]. AB - It has been shown that the maxima (Bragg-spacings 4,5-19 A) on the X-ray diffraction patterns of the bovine lens native tissues from nuclear and cortical parts are predominantly due to the water-soluble crystallin intramolecular structure. The structures of water-soluble and water-insoluble fractions from bovine lens nucleus and cortex were qualitatively compared. Reversible dependence of the lens water-soluble protein structure on water content in the system was demonstrated. PMID- 6518168 TI - [Possibility of the evaluation of the functional activity of human erythrocytes using the 31P-NMR method]. AB - Intact human erythrocytes from venous blood were investigated. It has been found that the width and form of signals of 2.3 DFG vary strongly, but for the given person these characteristics of the signals are stable parameters. These variations were shown to correspond to the degree of inhomogeneity of erythrocytes population in venous blood as regards their relative concentrations of Hb and HbO2. The width of the signals of 2.3 DFG, so far reflects functional activity of the human red blood cells in oxygen transport. PMID- 6518170 TI - [Study of bone tissue structure using polarized Raman spectra]. AB - Polarized Raman spectra of bone tissue were obtained as well as of collagen fibres of the mouse tail tendon and oxyapatite crystals. It is shown that polarized Raman spectra permit to obtain information on spatial orientation of collagen fibres and oxyapatite microcrystals in various parts of the bone tissue. A laser Raman microprobe "Mole" was used to take Raman spectra measurements from the area of several square micrones. It is shown that in the diaphis osteon of human femur the collagen fibres and crystallographic axis C of oxyapatite crystals are directed along the long axis of the bone in the direction of the main mechanical loads on it. PMID- 6518171 TI - [Detection of isoenergetic discreteness in various rhythmic movements]. AB - It has been found that phasic trajectories were composed of some few elliptical segments during rhythmic movements of human forearm at the elbow. The control program of the movement was shown to be realised as piece constant functions of two control parameters depending on boundary conditions in junctions of the elliptical segments. The control process at the interval between junctions is characterized by an energetic functional being invariant in respect to the trajectories of movements. PMID- 6518172 TI - [Substrate inhibition in the tricarboxylic acid cycle]. AB - It has been shown in the experiments on rat liver mitochondria under glucose hexo kinase load that excess of substrates of (1-20 mM) pyruvate, acetate, propionate, pent-4-enoate and malate may induce oxidation of NAD(P)H and inhibition of mitochondrial respiration (by 20-50% and more) due to a decreased rate of hydrogen production by tricarboxylic acid cycle. It has been concluded from the analysis of mathematical models and metabolite-testings which remove this inhibition that for pyruvate and acetate this inhibition is an autocatalytic one. It is related to a decreased level of CoA and oxaloacetate due to the formation of "traps" such as acetyl-CoA and alpha-kotoglutarate. For propionate and pent-4 enoate in the bicarbonate-free medium suppression of the flux in the cycle is concerned with a decreased level of CoA, acetyl-CoA and succionoyl CoA due to the accumulation of propionyl-CoA. It seems to be also concerned with the inhibition of citrate-synthetase and alpha-ketoglutarate-dehydrogenase by propionyl-CoA. Malate (in the presence of malonate) can inhibit respiration at the expense of direct inhibition of citrate-synthetase. PMID- 6518174 TI - [Interpretation of the mechanism of changes in electrophoretic motility after exposure to physical fields in a solid liquid mosaic model of the erythrocyte]. AB - A decrease of electrophoretic mobility of the blood red cell under the influence of the microwave and thermal field is determined by the mechanism based on two effects--change of the ionic conductivity and visco-elastic properties of the membrane. PMID- 6518173 TI - [Spectral analysis of chromatin and its components in the vacuum ultraviolet region of the spectrum]. AB - Electronic absorption spectra of thin films of chromatin and chromatin components in ultraviolet (140-280 nm) were investigated. The absorption coefficients mu (lambda) of chromatin, nucleosomes with and without histone H1, total histones (TH), DNA were compared. The spectra of nucleosomes and chromatin differ from summary spectra of DNA + TH. The lack of additivity of absorption coefficients at different wavelengths may be explained by different conformational changes of free DNA, TH and DNA, TH in nucleosomes and chromatin during the process of drying aqueous solutions for the preparations of thin films. The obtained mu (lambda) values are necessary for the estimation of the DNA and TH parts of absorption in chromatin and nucleosomes in the investigations of UV and VUV irradiation damages. PMID- 6518176 TI - Perceptual organization as nested control. AB - It is argued here that perceptual organization is the structuring of environmental stimuli into nested structures of control. This view is derived from our proposal that the perceptual system forces any stimulus set to have the algebraic structure G of a machine, and that G is given a specific factorization sequence, G = G1 X G2 X ... X Gn, induced by dynamical systems criteria which the organism imposes on the environment. An investigation into these factorization sequences reveals that any such sequence is split into two subsequences, one structuring the way in which the stimulus set can change under external action, and the other describing the way in which the set is perceived as internally generated. An examination of the nested control structure of the latter yields a theory of grouping. The external and internal sequences are shown to be strongly related to each other in that the symmetry axes of the internal sequence are eigenspaces of the most stable subgroup factors of the external sequence. It is claimed that cartesian reference frames are subsequences of the full sequences. Using these principles, a unified theory is offered of several apparently quite separate perceptual areas; e.g. Marr-Nishihara shape perception, gestalt grouping, the orientation-and-form problem, and motion perception. The final claim is that planning hierarchies have the same dynamically-structured algebraic sequences and therefore that the study of perceptual organization should, in a very deep sense, be formally equivalent to the study of planning. PMID- 6518175 TI - [Fluorescent probe--a cholesterol analog: localization in plasma lipoproteins and in model lipid particles]. AB - The absorption spectrum of fluorescent probe--a cholesterol analog cholesta-5,7, 9(11)-trien-3 beta-ol has a vibrational structure with the maximum 326 nm. Its fluorescence spectra maximum is 370 nm. The localization of the probe in lipoproteins of high, low and very low density and in lipid spheres is studied. There are measured the areas, which occupied one molecule of cholesterol and phosphatidyl choline on the surface of lipid spheres and the radius of the lipid spheres. The localization of the probe in lipoproteins and lipid spheres is determined. The areas which occupied one molecule of phosphatidyl choline on the surface of lipid sphere is equal to the same area in mono- and bilayers. Cholesterol has the same condensing action on phosphatidyl choline in lipid spheres as in mono- and bilayers. All the probe molecules are localized on the surface of lipid spheres and lipoproteins and the B-ring of the molecule is immersed on 1.3 +/- 0.2 nm relative to polar groups. The hydroxyl group of cholesterol is arranged near the carbonyl group of phospholipid and the formation of the H-bond between these groups is possible. PMID- 6518177 TI - Parametric analysis of dynamic postural responses. AB - A detailed theoretical understanding of postural control mechanisms must be preceded by careful quantification of both the deterministic and stochastic aspects of postural behavior of normal and abnormal subjects under various dynamic conditions. Toward this end, concise parametric transfer function plus noise models were derived for both shoulder and waist position data obtained by applying a linear anterior-posterior bandlimited pseudorandom disturbance to the base of support of human subjects. Model orders as well as model parameters were determined empirically. One advantage of this modeling procedure is the conciseness of the postural models, permitting easy statistical analysis of the data obtained under different dynamic conditions from many subjects. Model features, including pole and zero locations, from 6 normal subjects each tested on 5 consecutive days under 3 input amplitudes and eyes open and closed conditions are presented. The resulting transfer function models consist of only 1 or 2 poles near the integration position on the Z plane unit circle and 0 to 2 zeros. Locations of the poles indicate that the eyes closed responses are more oscillatory, less damped, and with higher gains than the eyes open responses. These transfer functions are similar to nonparametric ones of other authors. The noise model orders are also small. Their spectra are those of low pass systems. Also, the quantity and frequency range of the postural noise is positively related to the amplitude of platform motion as well as related to the presence or absence of vision. PMID- 6518178 TI - A model for generalization and specification by single neurons. AB - A rule for environmentally dependent modification of the neuronal state is examined. Under the rule, the neuron selects a trigger feature that matches either a particular pattern in the stimulus set, or the most common pattern component, depending on a certain parameter. Thus a neuron may evolve to respond to its stimulus environment in one of two capacities, namely specification or generalization. Neurons of the former variety are labelled "S-cells"; and those of the latter, "G-cells". In the model, synaptic modification is modulated by two postsynaptic mechanisms which act antagonistically to strengthen or weaken the synaptic connectivities. The functional dependence of these mechanisms on the postsynaptic activity is shown to determine whether the neuron acts as an S-cell or a G-cell. A circuit is proposed for a module that consists of a G-cell and several S-cells sharing a common set of inputs. By inhibiting the G-cells, the S cell acts as a contrast-enhancing element, increasing their specificities for individual patterns in the stimulus set. The output from the module is a recoded representation of the environment with respect to its general and distinctive features. PMID- 6518179 TI - Ring neural network qua a generator of rhythmic oscillation with period control mechanism. AB - For the ring neural network to function as a generator of rhythmic oscillation, mechanisms are required by which rhythmic oscillation is generated and maintained and then its period controlled. This paper demonstrates by simulation that those mechanisms can be actualized by employing a synaptic modification algorithm and by applying inputs from the outside to excitatory and inhibitory cells. When the constants in the synaptic modification algorithm are fixed, it is possible to select two modes, that is, the modification mode and the non-modification mode, using the excitatory input level to excitatory cells alone. This property solves the problem of the re-modification caused by the dispersion of AIDs (average impulse densities) with the application of the excitatory synchronous input to inhibitory cells. PMID- 6518180 TI - Zero-crossing detectors in primary visual cortex? AB - David Marr and others have hypothesized that the visual system processes complex scene information in stages, the first of which involves the detection of light intensity edges or "zero-crossings" (Marr, 1982). Ideal zero-crossing detector mechanisms have been described and modeled in terms of their possible physiological implementation (Marr and Hildreth, 1980; Poggio, 1983). We now present evidence of visual cortical receptive fields which resemble in spatial organizational terms the requirements of zero-crossing analysis. The linear and nonlinear summation within and between the receptive field subunits are described and compared with predicted processes. The relative subunit sizes and separations are analyzed in these terms. Our findings support the notion that receptive fields may correspond with zero-crossing filters rather than zero-crossing detector gates. PMID- 6518181 TI - Parallel processing for associative and neuronal networks. AB - We represent a parallel processing network, consisting of nine microcomputers, for neuron-network simulations and for the realization of an associative computer memory. We add some remarks on the present possibilities to implement larger associative networks and on parallel processing strategies in general. PMID- 6518182 TI - Human pattern recognition: evidence for a switching between strategies in analyzing complex stimuli. AB - In a preceding multidimensional scaling experiment, with "size" and "brightness" as parameters, subjects were found to use individually different strategies in processing compound stimuli: Most subjects adhered to either the Euclidean or the City-block metric (Ronacher and Bautz, 1985). In the experiment reported here, participants of the previous study were induced - by a manipulative instruction - to modify their strategy. With 5 out of 10 subjects a switching to another strategy occurred, which manifested itself in a drastic shift of the respective best metric (e.g. from Euclidean to City-block or vice versa). The extent and speed of changes as well as - in some instances - the stability of estimation accuracy show that subjects were not forced by the instruction to develop a new strategy. Results rather suggest that adult subjects have easily available two, or perhaps even more, alternative processing modes, the decision for one of them being a matter of a subject's preferences rather than of individually different abilities. PMID- 6518183 TI - [Selective accumulation of alkaline phosphatase in the microsomes of human cells cultured in the G0-phase of the cell cycle]. AB - The subcellular distribution of alkaline phosphatase in normal and transformed cultivated human cells was investigated. The total activity of alkaline phosphatase in the transformed cells exceeds that in normal cells 10- (or more) fold and is sharply increased with a rise in the cell population density. The proliferating cells have the same specific activity of alkaline phosphatase in the mitochondrial-lysosomal and microsomal fractions. The transition of normal cells to the G0-phase of the cell cycle is accompanied by an increase in the total enzyme activity and selective accumulation of alkaline phosphatase in the microsomes. An addition of exogenous alkaline phosphatase to intact cells leads to the stimulation of DNA synthesis and to changes in cell morphology. The data obtained suggest that alkaline phosphatase can participate in the destabilization of the cytoskeleton and stimulate cell proliferation. However, in normal cells the selective accumulation of the enzyme in the membranes may hamper its biosynthesis. the activity of alkaline phosphatase thus does not reach the level sufficient for unrestricted cell growth. PMID- 6518184 TI - [Changes in the state of hormone-receptor complexes which contain specific binding sites of rat liver chromatin particles as affected by cortisol]. AB - Using a differential non-detergent phenol-salt deproteinization technique, the DNA fractions corresponding to functionally different parts of the genome, i.e., DNA I (transcriptionally active DNA), DNA II (stably repressed genome DNA), and DNA III (potentially active genome DNA) were obtained. Under conditions of cortisol-induced activation of transcription in rat liver cells, the number or repetitive sequences in DNA I (represented by DNA III in intact animals) increased. In this way, the hormone-induced transcription appeared to be associated with a transition to a transcriptionally active state of chromatin containing repetitive sequences that exist in intact liver in potentially active parts of the genome. It was shown that these inducible repetitive sequences contain binding sites for glucocorticoid-receptor complexes. In DNA III, these sites are present in large amounts in the sequences within the composition of stable DNA-protein complexes, which suggests the specificity of DNA sequences firmly bound to chromatin proteins. PMID- 6518185 TI - [Binding of delta-aminolevulinic acid by myelin proteins]. AB - Delta-[14C]aminolevulinic acid (ALA) was injected intracranially into experimental animals; the gray and white matter was obtained from the brain 24 hours thereafter. The radioactive label content in the ALA, protoporphyrin, microsomes, mitochondria, cell membranes and myelin was determined; no radioactivity was detected in ALA and protoporphyrin. The radioactive label was localized in the subcellular fractions and myelin, in particular, in the white matter. Analysis of protein myelin fractions demonstrated that ALA was incorporated into practically all basic proteins. The highest capacity to bind ALA was observed in case of Wolfgram proteins; however, almost half of the bound ALA in the myelin fraction was found within the composition of basic proteins. It was assumed that the binding of ALA to proteins occurs via the amide, carboxylic and keto groups of ALA. PMID- 6518186 TI - [Use of several precursors for in vivo lipid synthesis in different animal organs and tissues in the neonatal period]. AB - The radioactivity of total lipids and their classes synthesized from the 14C labeled palmitate, glucose, lactate, pyruvate, oxybutyrate and alanine in the liver, lungs, skeletal muscle, subcutaneous adipose tissue and jejunal mucosa of one- and five-day-old piglets was investigated. The lipid synthesis from the majority of the precursors under study in animal organs and tissues decreases in the following order: lungs greater than liver greater than jejunal mucosa greater than adipose tissue greater than skeletal muscle. Incorporation of the label from [1-14C]palmitate and [3-14C]oxybutyrate into the lipids occurs more intensively than that from other labeled compounds. In piglets of one to five days of age, the expenditure of [1-14C]palmitate and [1-14C] glucose for lipid synthesis in most organs and tissues decreases, whereas that of [1-14C]alanine and [1 14C]pyruvate increases. The label from [1-14C]palmitate and [1-14C]glucose is mainly localized in the liver, lungs, muscular tissue and jejunal mucosa phospholipids, while that in the adipose tissue--in acylglycerols. The amount of phospholipids in most organs and tissues of one-day-old animals is greater, while that of acylglycerols smaller in comparison with the five-day-old ones. There is a correlation between the synthesis of individual lipid classes and the degree of functional maturity of organs and tissues of young animals. PMID- 6518187 TI - [Detection of complexes in the rat liver which contain lactate dehydrogenase, using centrifugation in a medium with a dissolved enzyme]. AB - Liver and muscle extracts were fractionated by ultracentrifugation under conditions providing for the maintenance of the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) containing complexes in the media with LDH. Under these conditions, part of the LDH activity (20-30%) was detected in the fractions corresponding to the particles with Mr 1 000 000-2 000 000. When LDH was substituted for by albumin, no LDH containing complexes were revealed. After preliminary fractionation of liver extracts into heavy and light components, the LDH containing complexes were found only in the light fraction, which points to their specific binding to the enzyme as well as to the presence of such complexes in the intact cell. PMID- 6518188 TI - [Components of proteoglycan aggregates in human hyaline cartilage]. AB - The components of proteoglycan aggregates--proteoglycan subunits and link proteins from articular cartilage extracts of newborns--were isolated and purified. The content of extracted uronic acids and protein per 1 g of wet weight was 4.77 +/- 0.52 and 3.19 +/- 0.14 mg, respectively. The components of proteoglycan aggregates were isolated and purified by caesium chloride density gradient ultracentrifugation under association and dissociation conditions, as well as by gel filtration on Sephacryl S-200. The uronic acids/protein ratio for proteoglycan subunits was equal to 59.13 +/- 10.19, their relative electrophoretic mobility was 0.54 +/- 0.01 (the mobility of the chondroitin sulfate was taken for unity). The IR spectra of proteoglycan subunits were characterized. Three link proteins with Mr 48 000, 44 000 and 41 500 were isolated from proteoglycan aggregates and characterized. The protein with Mr 48 000 was predominant. PMID- 6518189 TI - [Passive transport of calcium into plasma membrane fractions of myometrium cells]. AB - The apparent values of intravesicular volume (45 microliter/mg of protein), maximal capacity of adsorbed calcium binding on the inner surface of the vesicles (4.5 nmol/mg of protein) and dissociation constants for the Ca2+-binding site complexes (36 microM) were determined from the analysis of peculiarities of passive transport of 45Ca2+ into cow myometrium sarcolemmal vesicles. The kinetics of passive efflux of ionized Ca2+ from the vesicles is described by a two-phase exponential curve. Dilution of the vesicles with a dilution medium is associated with a rapid efflux of ionized Ca2+ from the intravesicular space resulting in dissociation of the Ca2+-binding site complexes on the inner surface of the vesicles and, correspondingly, in the passage from a rapid to the slow phase of Ca2+ efflux from the vesicles which is limited by the dissociation of the Ca2+-binding site complexes. The values of the apparent rate constants for the transmembrane transfer of Ca2+ and dissociation of the Ca2+-binding site complexes (0.73 and 0.02 min-1, respectively) and the permeability of sarcolemmal vesicles for the cation (10(-15) mol of Ca2+/cm2.s) were determined. Alkalinization of the dilution medium stimulates 45Ca2+ release from the vesicles. The blockers of passive Co2+ and Mn2+ transport injected into the vesicles inhibit the efflux of 45Ca2+ from the vesicles. The data obtained were used to analyze the role of sarcolemma in the Ca2+ control of myometrium contraction. PMID- 6518190 TI - [Luminescent properties of NADPH: adrenodoxin reductase]. AB - The fluorescent and phosphorescent properties of NADPH-adrenodoxin reductase were investigated. It was shown that the fluorescence of protein tryptophanyls was quenched completely by acrylamide and partially by ionic quenchers (I- and Cs+). A removal of the prosthetic group from the protein causes insignificant changes in fluorescent properties of the enzyme. The denaturation of the enzyme by urea was accompanied by growth of quenching parameters. Indeed, some differences were observed in the quenching of flavin fluorescence by ionic quenchers (I- and Cs+). NADPH appeared to be an efficient quencher of NADPH-adrenodoxin reductase tryptophan fluorescence. Using Forster's equations for non-radiative energy transfer, the distance between NADPH-binding site and tryptophanyls was evaluated to 35-40 A. PMID- 6518191 TI - [Relation of the biosynthesis of intracellular and export proteins in rat liver cells during induction of proliferation by cycloheximide]. AB - After a single injection of a sublethal dose of cycloheximide (CHI) the biosynthesis of extracellular proteins in rat hepatocytes was rapidly suppressed, the reconstitution being very slow. On the contrast, the biosynthesis of intracellular proteins (e.g., histones, and other acid-soluble liver proteins) was more resistant to CHI. The activation of biosynthesis of acid-soluble and acid-insoluble proteins was found to occur stepwise. It was assumed that the activation of synthesis and accumulation of intracellular proteins after CHI release accompanied by a decreased synthesis of extracellular proteins is one of possible causes of stimulation of DNA synthesis in the hepatocytes following a single injection of CHI. PMID- 6518192 TI - [Effect of solubilization by methylethyl ketone of mitochondrial monoamine oxidase of the rat liver on the kinetic properties of the enzyme]. AB - The values of Km and V for serotonin, tyramine and beta-phenylethylamine deamination by solubilized and partially purified preparations of monoamine oxidase (MAO) from rat liver were determined. As a result of MAO solubilization by methylethylketone, 14% of activity localized in the mitochondria passed into solution. Subsequent chromatography on AH-Sepharose 4B resulted in 27-fold purification of the enzyme with a 9% yield. In experiments with membrane-bound and partially purified MAO, the Km and V values were shown to increase non competitively with a rise in O2 concentration. In contrast with intact mitochondria, the use of partially purified MAO preparations led to a loss of the enzyme sensitivity to O2 depending on the nature of the amine. The dependence of kinetic properties of MAO on the lipid environment of mitochondrial membranes is discussed. PMID- 6518193 TI - [Rate of enzymatic lipid peroxidation of mouse liver microsomes after the administration of a highly-dispersed iron powder]. AB - It was found that the rate of the NaDPH-dependent lipid peroxidation in rat microsomes in vitro decreases 3 hours and increases 24, 48 and 72 hours after the injection of a highly dispersed iron powder (2 mg/kg). The number of readily oxidizable phospholipid fractions (phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol) was shown to decrease 3 hours and to increase 24 hours following the injection. A direct correlation was observed between the activity of the NADPH-dependent microsomal lipid peroxidation system and the level of natural antioxidants in the lipids. PMID- 6518194 TI - [Properties of phospholipase A2 from the venom of the large hornet Vespa orientalis]. AB - Some properties (catalytic and hemolytic activity, pH and temperature optima, stability, substrate specificity, effects of detergents and metal ions, N terminal sequence, chemical modification of histidine in the enzyme active center, etc.) of phospholipase A2 from hornet (Vespa orientalis) venom were studied. It was shown that phospholipase A2 from hornet venom differs essentially from other enzymes of this species in terms of stability, catalytic properties and structural features. The active center of the enzyme contains an essential histidine residue, similar to other phospholipases A2 from various sources. Unlike other known forms of phospholipase A2, the enzyme under study exerts a pronounced hemolytic action. The hemolysis is inhibited by Ca2+ at concentrations capable of inducing the activation of the hydrolytic activity of the enzyme. PMID- 6518195 TI - Characterization of fetal urinary proteins at midgestation and term. AB - Proteins in first voided urine from premature and term neonates were analyzed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. At 22-28 weeks of gestation, urine contained many identifiable serum proteins and the presence of an array of minor polypeptides with masses below 40 kilodaltons (kd) made the patterns quite complex. In contrast, the abundance of serum proteins in term urine was markedly decreased and the polypeptide patterns approached the relative simplicity seen in adult urine. Urine contained three major nonserum polypeptide groups at 30.5, 33 49, and 97 kd. The 97-kd species was identified as the Tamm-Horsfall glycoprotein, which is known to be derived from the renal tubule. PMID- 6518196 TI - Vitamin A and biochemical development. I. Effect of postnatal excess vitamin-A administration on lipogenesis in various organs of the rat. AB - The effect of the administration of an excessive dose of vitamin A (1,000 IU) to rat pups on the 4th, 6th, 8th and 10th days of age was studied on the contents of saponifiable (total fatty acids) and non-saponifiable (cholesterol) lipids. Lipogenesis and cholesterogenesis was studied with the help of sodium-1-14C acetate incorporation. The heart, liver and lung showed impaired lipogenesis while in the brain only cholesterogenesis was affected. PMID- 6518197 TI - Vitamin A and biochemical development. II. Effect of postnatal excess vitamin-A administration on the activity of pyridine nucleotide-linked dehydrogenases. AB - The effect of excess vitamin A, (1,000 IU) administration to rat pups on the 4th, 6th, 8th and 10th days of age was studied on the activities of combined HMP dehydrogenases, malic enzyme and isocitrate dehydrogenase on the 11th, 17th and 23rd days of age. The developmental pattern and the effect of vitamin-A administration differs from enzyme to enzyme and organ to organ. PMID- 6518198 TI - Histochemical observations of lipids in the cerebellum of young Gunn rats. AB - Cerebella of 20-day-old homozygous (jj) and heterozygous (j+) Gunn rats were examined histochemically for the presence of lipids. The j+ rat cerebellum showed no lipid granules, whereas many granules were recognized in the hypoplastic jj rat cerebellum. The degree of appearance of lipid granules differed considerably among the lobes--a high content in the declive and tuber but none in the nodulus. Two kinds of cells showed a strong acid phosphatase activity and contained many lipid granules. It is suggested that the accumulation of lipids, probably cholesteryl esters, is closely related to the enhanced activity of the lysosomal system in the hypoplastic jj rat cerebellum severely injured by bilirubin. PMID- 6518199 TI - Resting urinary catecholamine excretion in schizophrenics: methodology and interpretation of results. AB - Plasma and urinary catecholamines were measured in a group of schizophrenics and in normal subjects by high performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. A brief procedure for urine sampling performed under standardized environmental and physical conditions was used. Plasma levels and urinary excretion rates of noradrenaline were significantly higher in schizophrenics than in a control population. When plotted for linear regression analysis, both plasma and urinary noradrenaline values were positively correlated (r = 0.75, p less than 0.05). Results reported suggest that urinary catecholamine measurement could be used for a reliable assessment of sympatho-adrenal function in schizophrenia. PMID- 6518200 TI - Central tryptamine turnover in depression, schizophrenia, and anorexia: measurement of indoleacetic acid in cerebrospinal fluid. AB - There has been a continuing interest in the possible role of the trace amine tryptamine in the etiology of neuropsychiatric disorders. We have therefore examined cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), the major metabolite of tryptamine, in a large group of normals and in several patient populations. No differences in CSF IAA levels (ng/ml, mean +/- SEM) were observed between normals (4.39 +/- 0.37, n = 36), anorectics (4.40 +/- 0.42, n = 35), schizophrenics (4.06 +/- 0.05, n = 17), manics (4.32 +/- 0.63, n = 10), or depressives (5.23 +/- 0.49, n = 39). A significant elevation (p = 0.05) was found in the subgroup of retarded depressives (RDC) where levels of 5.90 +/- 0.80 (n = 19) were observed. An age effect (r = 0.39, p = 0.02, n = 36) was observed in normals; however IAA was not reduced to either height or weight. IAA tended to be higher (but not significantly) in females in all groups studied; this difference also was not significant when all diagnostic groups (except anorectics) were combined (female: 4.95 +/- 0.44, n = 45; male: 4.46 +/- 0.30, n = 66). In general, the results indicate that tryptamine turnover is not altered in the disorders studied. The functional significance of the slight elevation seen in retarded depressives is not clear. PMID- 6518201 TI - Sodium lactate infusion, panic attacks, and ionized calcium. AB - The ability of sodium lactate to precipitate panic attacks in vulnerable individuals has been repeatedly demonstrated, although its mechanism of action is unknown. Pitts and McClure hypothesized that the panicogenic effect of sodium lactate was due to its induction of a peripheral hypocalcemia via the complexing of infused lactate ions with extracellular ionized calcium. In the current study, serial ionized calcium measurements during lactate infusion are assessed for 22 panic patients who panicked during infusion, 11 panic patients who did not panic during the procedure, and 6 normal controls. Intravenous sodium lactate infusion was found to be associated with a significant decrease in ionized calcium in all groups. No specific association was found between the rate or magnitude of decrease in ionized calcium and the occurrence of a panic attack during the infusion. PMID- 6518202 TI - Hypnosis and its effects on left and right hemisphere activity. AB - Recent research suggests a relationship between hypnosis and the right cerebral hemisphere in man. With several major modifications in the 1978 study of Frumkin, Ripley, and Cox, the following hypothesis was investigated: Hypnosis creates a shift towards relatively greater left ear accuracy, suggesting greater participation of the right hemisphere during a trance. Two studies were undertaken with 36 right-handed male volunteers in each; 12 of low susceptibility to hypnosis, 12 of medium susceptibility, and 12 of high susceptibility. Study 1 investigated the affect hypnosis had on the processing of musical stimuli while Study 2 investigated its affects on verbal stimuli. Study 1 found that the more susceptible an individual was to hypnosis the greater the shift towards the left ear. Study 2 found no such relationship. Possible differences in stimulus characteristics which might have caused these different results were discussed. PMID- 6518203 TI - ECT-responsive nonmelancholic depression associated with extreme concentrations of post-dexamethasone cortisol. PMID- 6518204 TI - Does severity of dementia modulate response to dexamethasone in individuals with primary degenerative dementia? PMID- 6518205 TI - Distinctive somatosensory evoked potential features in obsessive-compulsive disorder. AB - The purpose was to determine whether obsessive-compulsive disorder (OC) is associated with a distinctive pattern of somatosensory evoked potential (SEP) measurements, based on amplitudes of the N60 (negativity 60 msec poststimulus), P90, and N130 peaks. Previously, we found higher N60 amplitudes in 14 OC patients than in controls or other neurotics. Here, SEPs of the same 14 OCs were compared with those of 28 other neurotics, 99 nonpatients, 49 chronic schizophrenics, 27 "other" schizophrenics, 20 DSM-II latent schizophrenics, and 42 major depressives. Utilizing all available subjects, each peak amplitude was factor analyzed across 14 leads; the resulting factor scores were compared between OCs and every other group. The factor scores of OCs differed from those of all other groups, and patterns of factor score differences were similar in all comparisons. Most discriminations were replicable in split-half analyses. OC appears to be associated with a relatively distinctive pattern of middle latency SEP peak amplitude measurements. PMID- 6518206 TI - Relationship among selected neuroendocrine and sleep measures in patients with recurrent depression. AB - Relationships among cortisol, TSH, and EEG sleep variables were examined in a group of 23 outpatients with recurrent unipolar depression at initial assessment prior to treatment for an acute major depressive episode. Blunted TSH responses were found in 39% of the sample (criteria of less than or equal to 7 microU/ml); cortisol nadir of greater than 2.5 micrograms% was rated in 41% of the group; and a reduced REM latency (less than or equal to 60 min) was measured in 57% of the group. Although almost all patients demonstrated abnormalities in at least one major neuroendocrine or sleep category, this preliminary analysis failed to find significant associations among these multiple biologic variables. Further studies on this so-called lack of association in a larger group of recurrent depressives is indicated. At this point caution is urged in assuming that biologic measures will identify a homogeneous group of severely depressed patients. PMID- 6518207 TI - Dexamethasone suppression test in geriatric depression. PMID- 6518209 TI - Epilepsy and psychopathology. PMID- 6518208 TI - Circadian rhythm of serotonin uptake in the blood platelets of normal controls. PMID- 6518210 TI - How serious is schizophrenia? Comments on prognosis. PMID- 6518212 TI - Evidence for psychopathology in patients with rhythmic midtemporal discharges. AB - In order to obtain further evidence of possible psychopathology, the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) was administered to 25 patients (pts) who had the controversial EEG pattern of rhythmic midtemporal discharges--(RMTD) psychomotor variant. The pts were divided into a retrospective and prospective group, the former consisting of only a minority (36%) of pts who had previously agreed to cooperate and the latter consisting of every pt (100%) showing the pattern in a 3-year period. The scores of all RMTD pts were abnormal (approximately 2 SD above the normal mean) for hypochondriasis, schizophrenia, depression, and hysteria and were classified as Abnormal on Rule 1 on the Goldberg sequential diagnostic system. Patients with intermediate or many bursts of this pattern were also classified as Abnormal, scored higher on every clinical scale, significantly so on five of the clinical scales and were significantly different with regard to the number of clinical scale scores at or over the T value of 70 as well as 80. The MMPI profile of RMTD pts is similar to those with definite temporal lobe epilepsy but different from pts with general medical disorders. PMID- 6518211 TI - A neurohistological correlate of schizophrenia. AB - We report an apparently consistent alteration of pyramidal cell orientation in ten chronic schizophrenic patients compared with eight nonschizophrenic controls from a Veterans Administration Medical Center. A blind study based upon measurement of over 13,000 cells indicates highly significant differences between the two groups, particularly in anterior and middle hippocampal regions. Cell disarray is most pronounced at the CA 1-prosubiculum and CA 1/CA 2 interfaces. Smaller degrees of deviation, noted in the controls, together with more extreme deviation reported in a previous qualitative study of chronic schizophrenics from a state hospital, could be interpreted as suggesting a histopathological continuum ranging from the clinically nonpsychotic individual, through borderline states to the intractable long-term psychotic. PMID- 6518213 TI - A longitudinal investigation of event-related potentials in depression. AB - A longitudinal investigation of the evoked potential to a warning stimulus, and of the CNV, was conducted with reactive depressives and controls under incentive and nonincentive conditions in a long interstimulus interval paradigm. A smaller group of endogenous depressives were recorded once. The application of multivariate analysis, which controlled for experimental and session effects, indicated that the CNV, as a multiple-component potential, is not capable of distinguishing reactive depressives from controls. Significant univariate interactions involving late CNV area and peak latency were obtained, possibly indexing psychomotor retardation. Analysis of the evoked potential did reveal significant group differences which were explained in terms of main and interaction effects in the P240 and interaction effects involving N120. The findings suggested that groups differed in their responsiveness to experimental demands, and modified their responses differently over time. Mann-Whitney U analysis of endogenous depressives produced no group differences in the CNV measures, but did for N120 amplitude. PMID- 6518215 TI - A corpus callosal deficit in sequential analysis by schizophrenics. AB - This preliminary study evaluated interhemispheric (i.e., corpus callosal) information processing by chronic schizophrenic and normal subjects. In right handed normals the left hemisphere has been reported to be superior in temporal sequential analysis. Consequently temporal information presented to the right hemisphere requires time to cross to the left hemisphere for analysis. Measurement of hemispheric laterality and corpus callosal transfer time were evaluated by a two-pulse temporal discrimination task. Two dot stimuli were presented with decreasing temporal separation during bilateral and unilateral conditions. Subjects were required to judge perceived simultaneity and nonsimultaneity of dot onset. The results indicate that left hemisphere function in chronic schizophrenic and normal controls is superior to the right hemisphere in temporal analysis. Corpus callosal transfer time was significantly slower for chronic schizophrenics than for normal controls. PMID- 6518214 TI - REM latency distribution in major depression: clinical characteristics associated with sleep onset REM periods. AB - In a sample of 92 inpatients with major depression, REM latency showed a unimodal, rather than bimodal, distribution, with peak frequency between 50-59 min (on each of 4 consecutive nights). A total of 20 patients (21.6%) exhibited a sleep onset REM period (SOREMP-10) i.e., REM latency less than or equal to 10 min, during at least 1 of the 4 nights; an additional 11 patients (12%) showed REM latencies of 11-20 min on at least one night. SOREMP-10 positive patients were older both at the time of study (p less than 0.01) and at the age of onset of depressive illness (p less than .01) than the rest of the sample. They also showed greater sleep continuity disturbances, while patients with at least one SOREMP-20, i.e., REM latency less than or equal to 20 min, exhibited higher REM percentage (p less than or equal to 0.05) and a higher first-period density (p less than 0.05) than the remaining patients. No other clinical or polysomnographic correlates of SOREMP positivity were noted with regard to gender, RDC subtypes, severity of illness, or clinical response to tricyclic antidepressants. The unimodal distribution of REM latency, as well as the absence of a relationship between SOREMP positivity and severity of depression or therapeutic outcome, may result from the low representation of psychotic depressives in this sample (n = 6), who might constitute a qualitatively different subgroup. PMID- 6518216 TI - Copper clearance in a subgroup of patients with chorea. AB - Rat studies recently have suggested that the corpus striatum appears to be selectively and markedly affected by copper deficiencies beginning in the post weanling period. A study of copper clearances has revealed that four out of five patients with chorea have depressed clearances between 0.00674 and .00313 (reference range 0.0137-0.0404 cc/min). The patients with depressed copper clearances had psychiatric illness themselves or in first-degree relatives. In the case of one patient, copper supplementation resulted in an abatement of symptoms that reversed on a single-blind crossover. PMID- 6518217 TI - Basal ganglia role in behavior: importance of sensory gating and its relevance to psychiatry. AB - The neurophysiological basis of behavior and psychiatric disorders is for the most part unknown. However, over the years dysfunction of the dopaminergic system and, specifically, the basal ganglia have been implicated in many complex behaviors and psychiatric disorders. Evidence is presented in support of a basal ganglia role in sensory gating in the CNS and suggests a possible mechanism by which basal ganglia dysfunction may result in complex behavioral disturbances. Using schizophrenia as an example, this paper suggests that such disorders may to a certain extent represent a complex dysfunction of sensory filtering mechanisms in the brain. The suggestion is that the basal ganglia, acting as an active sensory information gating station, maintain the normal flow of afferent information to both ascending and descending structures. When this gating system is dysfunctional, unmodulated afferent information leads to inappropriate behavioral responses. PMID- 6518218 TI - Vasopressin and mood during the puerperium. PMID- 6518219 TI - Chronic alcohol administration increases corticosterone resistance to suppression by dexamethasone. PMID- 6518220 TI - Ethylene oxide withdrawal delirium. PMID- 6518221 TI - Extraversion and the EEG: II. A test of Gale's hypothesis. AB - The study sought to test A. Gale's hypothesis that only under moderately arousing conditions will introverts be shown to differ from extraverts in EEG defined arousal. Alpha activity was recorded for 45 subjects under each of six conditions, and extravert and introvert groups formed on the basis of subject's score on the E scale of the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ). Contrary to the hypothesis, extraverts showed more prestimulus alpha activity than introverts under all conditions except opening and closing eyes on instruction where the reverse was the case. It is argued that the failure to confirm the hypothesis is not due to faults in design or execution of the study, and that future research may profit more from ignoring interactions of the sort demonstrated. PMID- 6518222 TI - Temporal consistency of individual differences in cardiac response to a video game. AB - Three experiments are reported which examined the temporal stability of cardiac reactions to a video game of the 'space invaders' genre. Experiment 1 also addressed the matter of inter-task consistency; in addition to the video game, subjects were presented with an unsignalled reaction time task and led to believe that relatively quick reactions attracted financial reward, while slower ones brought either a burst of loud noise or withdrawal of money previously earned. Forty-two male subjects were tested on both tasks on two occasions, a week apart. Of the two tasks, the video game elicited the greater reactivity. In addition, individual variations in reactivity showed striking temporal stability for both tasks. However, inter-task consistency was much less marked; in fact, a significant inter-task correlation was obtained only on the first occasion of testing. It is probable that limited consistency here was in some measure due to the ineffectiveness of our reaction time task in eliciting substantial reactivity. Finally, reactivity was independent of baseline heart rate level. In experiment 2, three extreme high and three extreme low cardiac reactors were selected from an initial sample of 23 male subjects, on the basis of reactivity during an initial session with the video game, and subsequently studied during four further sessions. Once more, impressive stability of heart rate reactivity was apparent over sessions. In experiment 3, we examined the reliability of individual variations in cardiac reactivity in women and the issue of whether temporal stability is constrained by menstrual cycle effects. Twenty-four females were tested on the video game both preovulatory and postovulatory, with half being tested first during the preovulatory phase and half being tested first during the postovulatory phase. Again, the most striking finding was the marked stability of individual variations in cardiac reactivity over both time and menstrual cycle phase. PMID- 6518223 TI - Extraversion and the EEG: I. An evaluation of Gale's hypothesis. AB - The hypothesis of A. Gale that extraverts differ from introverts in EEG defined arousal only under moderately arousing conditions is examined. It is argued that the hypothesis is not entirely internally consistent and lacks empirical support. A re-analysis of the literature on which it was based points to problems in the measurement of extraversion as a more significant source of confounding than variation in conditions of testing. PMID- 6518224 TI - Induction of relaxin secretion in rhesus monkeys by human chorionic gonadotropin: dependence on the age of the corpus luteum of the menstrual cycle. AB - Peripheral concentrations of immunoreactive relaxin are undetectable in primates during the nonfertile menstrual cycle, but become measurable during the interval when chorionic gonadotropin (CG) rises in early pregnancy. The objectives of the current study were to determine if exogenous CG, administered in a dosage regimen which invoked patterns and concentrations resembling those of early pregnancy, would induce relaxin secretion in nonpregnant rhesus monkeys, and whether the induction was dependent on the age of the corpus luteum (CL) at the onset of treatment. Female rhesus monkeys received twice-daily i.m. injections of increasing doses of human CG (hCG) for 10 days beginning in the early (n = 4), mid (n = 6) or late (n = 4) luteal phase of the menstrual cycle [5.3 +/- 0.3, 8.3 +/- 0.5, and 12.0 +/- 0.4 days after the midcycle luteinizing hormone (LH) surge, respectively; means +/- SEM]. Whereas immunoreactive relaxin was nondetectable in the luteal phase of posttreatment cycles, detectable levels of relaxin were observed in 2 of 4, 5 of 6, and 3 of 4 monkeys during hCG treatment in the early, mid and late luteal phase, respectively. Although CG treatment rapidly enhance progesterone levels, the appearance of relaxin was deferred; relaxin was first detectable 9.0 +/- 1.0 and 4.7 +/- 1.9 days after the onset of CG treatment at early and late luteal phases. Patterns of relaxin concentrations differed among groups (P less than 0.05, ANOVA; split plot design) and relaxin levels were lowest (P less than 0.01) in monkeys treated during the early luteal phase.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6518225 TI - Rat testicular endogenous steroids and number of Leydig cells between the fetal period and sexual maturity. AB - Endogenous androgens (androstenedione, testosterone, 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone and 5 alpha-androstane-3 alpha,17 beta-diol), and some of their C21 precursors (pregnenolone, progesterone and 17-hydroxyprogesterone) were measured in rat testes between Day 18.5 of pregnancy and Day 64 postpartum, and correlated with numerical densities of Leydig cells. The latter parameter showed an early maximum on Day 19.5 of the fetal period, a nadir on Day 15 postpartum, and a gradual increase thereafter. The two dominating androgens, testosterone and 5 alpha androstane-3 alpha,17 beta-diol, had similar levels until 15 days of age, but the 5 alpha-diol predominated thereafter. The total steroid content per Leydig cell was highest on Day 18.5 of gestation (77 ng/10(6) cells). A decline started already in utero, and reached a nadir of 5 ng/10(6) cells on Day 29. Thereafter, a slight increase occurred with advancing age. It is concluded that: The fetal testis has highest Leydig cell and endogenous steroid concentrations. A nadir in these parameters is seen 2-4 wk postpartum. The Leydig cell concentration increases around puberty on Days 40-60, but only a slight concomitant increase occurs in steroids. A sharp decline in steroid content per Leydig cell occurs during the last fetal days, but the postnatal decline of testicular steroids is due to Leydig cell loss. The new Leydig cell generation after 15 days has a persistently low steroid concentration through puberty.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6518226 TI - Direct effect of gossypol on TR-ST cells: perturbation of rhodamine 123 accumulation in mitochondria. AB - Gossypol has deleterious effects directly on TR-ST cells originating from a rat testicular tumor. Exposure of TR-ST cells to gossypol (5 micrograms/ml) decreases their rate of protein synthesis approximately 30% within 1 h and 65% by greater than 10 h, causes intracellular vacuolation, changes cell shape from cobblestone to a rounded conformation and inhibits cell proliferation. Yet, these gossypol treated cells remain viable, as assessed by their ability to hydrolyze fluorescein diacetate. Gossypol also perturbs mitochondrial transmembrane potential in TR-ST cells, as demonstrated by marked changes in rhodamine 123 staining. Mitochondria of control TR-ST cells avidly accumulate rhodamine 123, but those in cells exposed to gossypol (greater than or equal to 5 micrograms/ml) for greater than 1 h fail to sequester the fluorochrome. Instead, the cell cytoplasm shows a light and diffuse staining with rhodamine 123. Rat spermatozoa show a similar response. Conversely, at concentrations of 20 micrograms/ml, gossypol has minimal effects on rhodamine 123 accumulation by primary cultures of hepatocytes and by rat spermatogenic cells, including primary spermatocytes and spermatids (Steps 1-12). Moreover, TR-ST cells exhibit reduced mitochondrial staining with gossypol at an ED50 of 7.6 micrograms/ml, while those for the nontesticular Rat-1, AnAn, 3T3 and PtK2 cell lines are 13.1, 21.5, 28.5 and 26.4 micrograms/ml, respectively. PMID- 6518227 TI - A zonal pattern of cell proliferation and differentiation in the rhesus endometrium during the estrogen surge. AB - The cellular and tissue basis of endometrial renewal in the rhesus monkey is being investigated by radioautographic localization of proliferating cell populations. Here we report our findings on epithelial cell proliferation during the midcycle estrogen surge. Endometrial biopsies were obtained by hysterotomy at approximately 1 h after a single intravascular injection of [3H] thymidine ([3H]T). Light and electron microscopic radioautography was performed on 7 specimens obtained from 4 monkeys in relation to the serum estradiol (E2) peak as follows: -2, -1, 0, +1, +2, and +3 days (+/- 1 day). Cell proliferation and differentiation were analyzed according to the 4 horizontal histologic endometrial zones (Bartelmez et al., 1951). Epithelial labeling indices were higher in the functionalis (Zone I, luminal epithelium, 9-12%; Zone II, uppermost gland segments, 7-14%) than in the basalis (Zone III, middle gland segments, 5 7%; and Zone IV, basal gland segments, 1-7%). Despite the large and rapid serum E2 fluctuations during the surge from -2 days to +3 days E2 peak, proliferating epithelial populations within Zones I, II and III remained quite uniform in size. In the basalis, the proliferative patterns of Zones III and IV were dissimilar. The labeling index of Zone III remained quite uniform (5-7%), whereas in Zone IV, it increased progressively from 1% (-2 days) to 7% (+3 days). These data establish the bipartite nature of the basalis. Radioautographic evidence indicates that endometrial cell proliferation is tightly coupled to progressive cell differentiation in the functionalis and basalis. Thus intrinsic positional differences exist in the responsiveness of the primate endometrium to common hormonal stimulation during the E2 surge and the initial postovulatory rise of progesterone. PMID- 6518228 TI - Binding of mouse spermatozoa to the zonae pellucidae of mouse eggs in cumulus: evidence that the acrosomes remain substantially intact. AB - Cumulus-intact mouse eggs inseminated in vitro with capacitated mouse sperm have sperm bound to the zonae pellucidae as early as 20 min postinsemination. Maximal sperm binding was observed at 60 min, after which time the number of sperm bound per egg decreased to about 30% of maximal. This extent of binding remained constant from 120 to 180 min postinsemination. All the sperm bound to the zonae had intact acrosomes as determined by chlortetracycline fluorescence assay. The sperm binding was retarded during the first 60 min by 3-quinuclidinyl benzilate, a specific inhibitor of the acrosome reaction induced by zona glycoprotein, but this compound had no effect on sperm binding during the next 60 min. The observation that sperm, which bind to zonae pellucidae after traversing the cumulus, have intact acrosomes is consistent with the same observation of intact acrosomes made with sperm binding to cumulus-free eggs [Saling and Storey (1979). J. Cell Biol. 83:544-555], and further supports the hypothesis that the sequence of events leading to fertilization of mouse eggs is: binding of intact sperm to the zona pellucida followed by the acrosome reaction induced by zona glycoprotein. PMID- 6518229 TI - Influence of suckling and side of corpus luteum or pregnancy on folliculogenesis in postpartum cows. AB - This study was designed to evaluate follicular development of 30 postpartum beef cows: 15 were suckled, and calves were removed from the other 15 within 24 h after birth. Ovaries were removed on Day 5 postpartum and a total of 246 follicles greater than or equal to 3 mm in diameter was obtained. Estrogen was extracted from follicular fluid and quantitated by radioimmunoassay. Atresia for each follicle was assessed by 1) follicular estrogen concentrations, and 2) evaluating mitotic and pyknotic nuclei in granulosa cells. The average weight of the ovaries and corpus lutea (CLs) did not differ between cow treatments or between locations relative to the right or left ovary. Suckled cows had smaller and fewer follicles and follicular estrogen concentrations were lower compared with follicles from nonsuckled cows. The ovary with the CL which was ipsilateral to the uterine horn of the recent pregnancy (CL ovary) compared with the ovary without the CL (non-CL ovary) had smaller follicles and lower estrogen concentrations. Only 18% of the follicles on the CL ovary compared to 48% of the follicles on the non-CL ovary were classified as healthy. The interaction of suckling and the presence of the CL significantly depressed follicular development. Follicles on the non-CL ovary from nonsuckled cows had the greatest estrogen content and percent of healthy follicles. Suckling significantly decreased follicular estrogen concentrations and the percent of healthy follicles on the non-CL ovary, and estrogen concentrations and the percentage of healthy follicles were lowest on the CL ovary from suckled cows. PMID- 6518230 TI - Assessment of human sperm function after recovery from the female reproductive tract. AB - The physiology and fertile life of human spermatozoa in the female reproductive tract have received little previous attention. A technique was developed for recovering spermatozoa from human cervical mucus at various intervals after artificial insemination. The functions of these cells as measured by penetration of the human zona pellucida and fusion with the zona-free hamster oocytes were examined. Penetration into the zona pellucida was consistently observed when sperm were recovered from 1 to 80 h after insemination. Penetration through the zona into the perivitelline space (PVS) was seen from 1 to 72 h after insemination. Fusion of human sperm with zona-free hamster oocytes was observed from 1 to 48 h after insemination. Motile sperm were recovered 112 and 120 h after insemination with swimming speeds comparable to freshly capacitated spermatozoa. Concentrations of recovered sperm at these longer intervals from insemination were insufficient for sperm-oocyte assays. These studies demonstrate that human spermatozoa aged in vivo may be recovered from cervical mucus for physiologic study, and suggest that the fertile life of human sperm may be 80 h or more. PMID- 6518232 TI - Estradiol and testosterone metabolic clearance and production rates during puberal development in boars. AB - Changes in metabolic clearance rate (MCR) and production rate (PR) of estradiol 17 beta (E2) and testosterone (T) were evaluated in crossbred boars averaging 35 +/- 1, 91 +/- 3, 118 +/- 4 and 177 +/- 6 kg at 80, 160, 260 and 560 days of age, respectively. A comparison of E2 and T MCR determined in blood or plasma was made in castrate and intact boars at 180 days of age. In the two experiments, estimates of MCR of E2 and T were consistently greater (22.0 and 23.8%) in blood than in plasma. These differences were not influenced by age of boar or castration. The MCR (l X day X kg BW) for E2 and T in plasma was greater (P less than 0.05) for 80-day-old prepuberal boars than the three groups of older boars. Production rates of E2 and T were lower in boars at 80 days of age than in older boars. Thus, a reduction in the MCR and an increase in PR of E2 and T in the boar are involved in the increased concentrations of circulating steroids associated with puberal development. Difference in MCR, determined in blood and plasma for both E2 and T, suggests that the contribution of the cellular component of blood to MCR studies in pigs should not be ignored. PMID- 6518231 TI - Hypothyroidism in reproductively inhibited prairie deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus bairdi) from laboratory populations. AB - Several thyroid function parameters were compared between reproductively inhibited prairie deer mice of both sexes taken from laboratory populations and corresponding reproductively capable controls. The results of these experiments indicated the following: 1) prairie deer mice females had a statistically significant daily variation in mean serum thyroxine concentration and males displayed a similar trend; 2) total serum thyroxine and triiodothyronine were significantly lower in both male and female reproductively inhibited population animals compared with reproductively capable controls; 3) several morphometric characteristics of the thyroid of male and female population prairie deer mice were significantly different from that of control males and females, suggesting functional hypothyroidism in both sexes; 4) thyroid histology of male population deer mice was different from that of female population animals. In males, the data suggested that thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) stimulation was deficient due to some undetermined secondary hypothyroidism. In females, reduced serum thyroxine and triiodothyronine concentrations were observed due to primary hypothyroidism of unknown origin. The interrelationship between thyroid and adrenal function is discussed here and it is concluded that each of the systems may contribute to the observed reproductive inhibition. In particular, it was noted that the mechanism of response between population males and females may be quite different. No conclusive data are available to suggest whether one or the other system is the primary controller of the reproductive inhibition. PMID- 6518233 TI - Hormonal correlates of photoperiod-induced puberty in a reflex ovulator, the female ferret (Mustela furo). AB - In an attempt to develop an animal model wherein the pubertal process could be initiated or accelerated by a readily controlled, noninvasive, external signal, this study examined sexual development of the female ferret, a photoperiodic, reflex ovulator. These animals exhibit signs of precocious sexual maturation within 6 wk of exposure to a stimulatory, long-day photoperiod at 15 wk of age. In the first study, females matured under a long-day stimulus were allowed to mate with a fertile male ferret. All six females ovulated after mating, and three of six became pregnant and successfully delivered and reared litters, demonstrating that vulvar edema induced by long days reflected the onset of true precocious sexual maturation. The second study attempted to determine the endocrine basis of this photoperiod-induced puberty. Immature ferrets were either left intact or were ovariectomized at 13 wk of age. These females either remained untreated or immediately received an estradiol implant. Controls in each group remained in short days, and others were transferred to stimulatory long days at 16 wk of age. Results indicated that immature ferrets exhibited a rise in plasma luteinizing hormone (LH) upon ovariectomy, and that the extradiol implant was an effective negative feedback signal for the duration of the study in animals in short days. In contrast, females in long days exhibited an "escape" from LH inhibition by the steroid implant at the same age at which the intact females in long days were beginning to mature. These data suggest the young ferret exhibits a high sensitivity to estradiol negative feedback which is decreased in response to a stimulatory photoperiod, and which decrease is coincident with sexual maturation in intact animals under the same conditions. PMID- 6518234 TI - Neonatal castration of male and female rats affects luteinizing hormone responses to estrogen during adulthood. AB - We examined the positive and negative feedback effects of estradiol (E2) on luteinizing hormone (LH) and prolactin (Prl) secretion in adult male and female rats which were gonadectomized within 24 h after birth (long-term castrates) and compared these responses to those elicited by E2 in short-term castrated (7 days) adult males and females. The high serum E2 did not reduce the elevated serum LH concentrations in long-term castrates until 4 days of treatment. Also, only after negative feedback was established were the positive feedback actions of E2 observed. In contrast, Prl surges were observed after 2 days of E2, and baseline Prl serum levels were elevated by Day 3 of E2 in long-term castrated male and female rats. Some long-term castrates lacked both LH and Prl surges, and E2 was ineffective in altering basal gonadotropin secretion in these animals. Short-term castrated males had elevated serum Prl levels but no Prl surges. Seemingly, when the hypothalamus is deprived of estrogen or androgen from birth to adulthood, an equal percentage of males and females become refractory to the positive feedback effects of estrogen during adulthood. Thus, it is difficult to separate castration effects from those which may be produced by the endogenous androgen secreted during the first 26 h of life. PMID- 6518236 TI - [Possibilities of reducing thermal damage to bone when using spiral drills in osteosynthesis]. PMID- 6518237 TI - [Analysis of forces acting on idealized models of hip joint prostheses]. PMID- 6518235 TI - Neonatal castration of male and female rats affects hypothalamic and pituitary estrogen nuclear and progestin cytosol receptors. AB - We compared the effects of neonatal or adult castration (7 days) and 2 or 7 days of estrogen treatment on the concentrations of estradiol cystolic (ERc) and nuclear (ERn), and progestin cytosolic receptors (PRc) in the hypothalamus, amygdala and pituitaries of adult rats. Two days of estradiol (E2) treatment greatly increased ERn levels, but no further concentration changes occurred by Day 7 in any of the tissues. Long- and short-term castrated males and females had comparable ERn concentrations on Day 2 versus Day 7. Tissue ERn levels were significantly lower in short-term males compared to short-term females or neonatally castrated males and females. In a second study, ERn levels were compared in E2-treated short-term castrated males and females on Day 2. A sex difference was observed, with females having greater ERn levels in most areas. Estrogen significantly increased PRc levels in pituitary (PIT) and hypothalamus, and these levels were comparable in Day 2 and Day 7 animals. Thus, the ability of estrogen to induce PRc synthesis is somewhat refractory in long-term castrated rats. PMID- 6518238 TI - [Field study of loading patterns on elbow crutches with a view to determining load test values]. PMID- 6518239 TI - Computer aided design and manufacture for prosthetics and orthotics. PMID- 6518240 TI - [Use of silicone rubber in prosthetic sockets--report of experiences]. PMID- 6518241 TI - Stopping rules for clinical trials incorporating clinical opinion. AB - A method is described of eliciting a 'range of equivalence', i.e. a range of differences between two treatments over which a group of clinical trial participants would have no clear preference for either treatment. This range of equivalence is then incorporated into a formal stopping rule for the trial using an extension of the group sequential design. Tables for the implementation of the design are presented. The method is discussed in the context of other sequential trial designs. PMID- 6518242 TI - Efficiencies of experimental designs for an illness-death model. AB - Disease development is described by the progressive Markov illness-death model with one disease. The efficiencies of four experimental designs are discussed: the simple survival experiment, serial sacrifice, periodic diagnosis and complete observation. The discussion is based on the 'semiparametric' assumption of piecewise-constant intensities. Simple survival experiments are shown to have very low efficiency, serial sacrifice experiments to be moderately efficient, and periodic diagnosis to be almost as efficient as complete observation. An application to the analysis of the development of leukaemia in laboratory mice is given. PMID- 6518243 TI - Data analytic methods for matched case-control studies. AB - The recent introduction of complex multivariate statistical models in matched case-control studies is a mixed blessing. Their use can lead to a better understanding of the way in which many variables contribute to the risk of disease. On the other hand, these powerful methods can obscure salient features in the data that might have been detected by other, less sophisticated methods. This shortcoming is due to a lack of support methodology for the routine use of these models. Satisfactory computation of estimated relative risks and their standard errors is not sufficient justification for the fitted model. Goodness of fit must be examined if inferences are to be trusted. This paper is concerned with the analysis of matched case-control studies with logistic models. Analogies of these models to linear regression models are emphasized. In particular, basic concepts such as analysis of variance, multiple correlation coefficient, one degree-of-freedom tests, and residual analysis are discussed. The fairly new field of regression diagnostics is also introduced. All procedures are illustrated on a study of bladder cancer in males. PMID- 6518244 TI - The application of a sequential procedure with elimination as a method for the screening for metabolic diseases. AB - A sequential classification procedure with early elimination, for the screening for metabolic diseases, is presented. Asymptotic properties of the procedure are derived in the Appendix and it is shown that the procedure is asymptotically distribution-free under certain assumptions, and asymptotically at least as efficient as a comparable fixed-sample procedure. With the use of data obtained from 36 mentally retarded patients, the procedure was evaluated by means of a bootstrap simulation. The procedure was then applied to this set of data, with satisfactory results and a considerable economy in observations. PMID- 6518245 TI - Selecting a screening cut-off point or diagnostic criterion for comparing prevalences of disease. AB - Comparisons of population prevalences of disease or of inadequate nutriture, across locations or over time (as in monitoring to detect a change in prevalence) are important activities in epidemiology and public health. The data collected are often counts based on a dichotomy of a continuous indicator variable, and performance of the test procedure depends on the cut-off point used. This cut-off may be chosen to optimize performance, on the assumption that the indicator has a mixed normal distribution with unknown mixing proportion corresponding to the unknown prevalence of disease. Results of James (1978, Biometrics 34, 265-275) are applied and extended to the context of monitoring. Charts are presented to facilitate determination of the optimal cut-off, and examples are given for several indicators of nutritional status. PMID- 6518246 TI - Curve fitting for repeated measurements made at irregular time-points. AB - In longitudinal studies of human populations, it is often not feasible to measure all subjects at the same time-points. This precludes the use of classical methods of curve fitting for repeated measurements. When the total interval of follow-up is short for all subjects in the study, an intraclass correlation matrix is assumed for the measurements on each subject. An estimation procedure based on iteratively reweighted least squares is described. The model is then generalized to incorporate covariables, with little modification in the estimation procedure. The proposed method is applied to data from a longitudinal study of bone mass in postmenopausal women. PMID- 6518247 TI - Two-stage clinical trial stopping rules. AB - Two-stage stopping rules for clinical trials are considered. The nominal significance level needed for the second-stage test, for any choice of first stage significance level, is derived for rules with overall significance levels of .01 and .05 and for studies with either half or two-thirds of the patients analyzed in the first stage. A graphical demonstration is given of the inherent tradeoff between power and expected sample size (or probability of early termination). A specific rule, intermediate to those advocated by Pocock (1977, Biometrika 64, 191-199) and O'Brien and Fleming (1979, Biometrics 5, 549-556), is recommended. PMID- 6518248 TI - Exact confidence intervals following a group sequential test. AB - A numerical method is used to compute confidence intervals, which have exact coverage probabilities, for the mean of a normal distribution following a group sequential test. This method, which uses an ordering of the sample space similar to that employed by Siegmund (1978, Biometrika 65, 341-349), is contrasted with the usual confidence interval for the mean. PMID- 6518249 TI - Exact significance testing to establish treatment equivalence with ordered categorical data. AB - This communication concerns the problem of establishing the therapeutic equivalence of two treatments that are being compared on the basis of ordered categorical data. The problem is formulated as a significance test in which the null hypothesis specifies a treatment difference. An efficient numerical algorithm for computing the exact significance level is provided, along with a simple method for obtaining the asymptotic significance level. Both methods are applied to a clinical trial of a new agent versus an active control. Guidelines for when to use the exact procedure and when to rely on asymptotic theory are provided. PMID- 6518250 TI - An improved method for measuring heart-rate variability: assessment of cardiac autonomic function. AB - Heart rate oscillates in synchrony with respiration. Several methods have been employed to assess this 'sinus arrhythmia', as an index of autonomic nervous system function. This paper proposes a new, easily computed measure, R, which is relatively resistant to the major nonrespiratory sources of variation, including premature beats, heart-rate differences among subjects, and slow trends in heart rate over time within subjects. The method can also be used more generally in any context where individuals are associated with event processes (for example, with seizures), when one requires assessment of the extent to which a point process is periodic with a particular known period. PMID- 6518251 TI - Lipid exchange between membranes. AB - The exchange of lipid molecules between vesicle bilayers in water and a monolayer forming at the water surface was investigated theoretically within the framework of thermodynamics. The total number of exchanged molecules was found to depend on the bilayer curvature as expressed by the vesicle radius and on the boundary condition for exchange, i.e., whether during exchange the radius or the packing density of the vesicles remains constant. The boundary condition is determined by the rate of flip-flop within the bilayer relative to the rate of exchange between bi- and monolayer. If flip-flop is fast, exchange is independent of the vesicle radius; if flip-flop is slow, exchange increases with the vesicle radius. Available experimental results agree with the detailed form of this dependence. When the theory was extended to exchange between two bilayers of different curvature, the direction of exchange was also determined by the curvatures and the boundary conditions for exchange. Due to the dependence of the boundary conditions on flip-flop and, consequently, on membrane fluidity, exchange between membranes may partially be regulated by membrane fluidity. PMID- 6518253 TI - Effect of planar dielectric interfaces on fluorescence emission and detection. Evanescent excitation with high-aperture collection. AB - We consider the effect of planar dielectric interfaces (e.g., solid/liquid) on the fluorescence emission of nearby probes. First, we derive an integral expression for the electric field radiated by an oscillating electric dipole when it is close to a dielectric interface. The electric field depends on the refractive indices of the interface, the orientation of the dipole, the distance from the dipole to the interface, and the position of observation. We numerically calculate the electric field intensity for a dipole on an interface, as a function of observation position. These results are applicable to fluorescent molecules excited by the evanescent field of a totally internally reflected laser beam and thus very close to a solid/liquid interface. Next, we derive an integral expression for the electric field radiated when a second dielectric interface is also close to the fluorescent molecule. We numerically calculate this intensity as observed through the second interface. These results are useful when the fluorescence is collected by a high-aperture microscope objective. Finally, we define and calculate a "dichroic factor," which describes the efficiency of collection, in the two-interface system, of polarized fluorescence. The limit when the first interface is removed is applicable for any high-aperture collection of polarized or unpolarized fluorescence. The limit when the second interface is removed has application in the collection of fluorescence with any aperture from molecules close to a dielectric interface. The results of this paper are required for the interpretation of order parameter measurements on fluorescent probes in supported phospholipid monolayers (Thompson, N.L., H. M. McConnell, and T. P. Burghardt, 1984, Biophys. J., 46:739-747). PMID- 6518252 TI - Interaction of cholesterol with galactocerebroside and galactocerebroside phosphatidylcholine bilayer membranes. AB - The interaction of the galactocerebroside, N-palmitoylgalactosylsphingosine (NPGS), with cholesterol has been studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and x-ray diffraction. Thermal and structural studies demonstrate complex behavior characterized by two endothermic transitions: transition I (TI approximately equal to 50-60 degrees C) corresponding to an NPGS-cholesterol bilayer gel----bilayer liquid crystal transition II (TII where TI less than TII less than TNPGS) corresponding to an NPGS bilayer crystal (stable E form)--- bilayer liquid crystal transition. For mixtures containing from 6 to 80 mol % cholesterol, x-ray diffraction studies at 22 degrees C (T less than TI) indicate two separate lamellar phases; an NPGS crystal bilayer phase and a cholesterol monohydrate phase. For cholesterol concentrations less than 50 mol % at TI less than T less than TII, NPGS-cholesterol liquid crystal bilayer and excess NPGS crystal bilayer phases are observed. For greater than 50 mol % cholesterol concentrations at these temperatures, an excess cholesterol monohydrate phase coexists with the NPGS-cholesterol liquid crystal bilayers. At T greater than TII, complete NPGS-cholesterol miscibility is only observed for less than 50 mol % cholesterol concentrations, whereas at greater than 50 mol % cholesterol an excess cholesterol phase is present. The solid phase immiscibility of cerebroside and cholesterol at low temperatures is suggested to result from preferential NPGS NPGS associations via hydrogen bonding. The unique thermal and structural behavior of NPGS-cholesterol dispersions is contrasted with the behavior of cholesterol-phosphatidycholine and cholesterol-sphingomyelin bilayers. Thermal and structural studies of NPGS in dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC)/cholesterol (1:1, molar ratio) bilayers have been performed. For dispersions containing less than 20 mol % NPGS at 22 degrees C there are no observable calorimetric transitions and x-ray diffraction studies indicate complete lipid miscibility. At greater than 20 mol % NPGS, a high temperature transition is observed that is shown by x-ray diffraction studies to be due to an excess NPGS crystal bilayer----liquid crystal bilayer transition. Complete miscibility of NPGS in DPPC/cholesterol bilayers is observed at T greater than TNPGS. The properties of NPGS/DPPC/cholesterol bilayers are discussed in terms of the lipid composition of the myelin sheath. PMID- 6518254 TI - Order in supported phospholipid monolayers detected by the dichroism of fluorescence excited with polarized evanescent illumination. AB - A technique is described and demonstrated for measuring the orientation distribution of fluorescent molecules in a two-dimensional system. A laser beam is totally internally reflected at the interface between a glass slide and an aqueous solution, which creates a thin layer of evanescent illumination that excites fluorescent molecules near the interface. Molecules with absorption dipoles at different tilts from the normal to the interface are preferentially excited when the laser polarization is rotated. Approximately one-half of the emitted fluorescence is collected with an inverted microscope using a high aperture objective. The fluorescence vs. polarization curve yields the value of an order parameter that is related to the orientation distribution of absorption dipoles. This technique is applied to phospholipid monolayers made at an air/water interface and transferred to hydrophobic glass microscope slides. Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine monolayers were doped with 2 mol% phosphatidylethanolamine labeled with the fluorescent moiety nitrobenzoxadiazole, either on an acyl chain or on the head group. The measured value of the order parameter for the head-labeled probe decreases as a function of the surface pressure at which the monolayer is transferred to the slide, as the surface pressure increases from 10 to 40 dyne/cm. The measured value of the order parameter for the chain-labeled probe is high for all coating pressures. These results can be interpreted in terms of probe partitioning into coexistent fluid and solid domains. Dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine monolayers were doped with 2 mol% chain-labeled phosphatidylethanolamine, either free or covalently conjugated to a small peptide. In these monolayers, the measured value of the order parameter is high at all pressures. The technique presented here may also prove useful for measuring the orientation distribution of proteins bound to or embedded in a planar model membrane. PMID- 6518255 TI - Donnan potentials from striated muscle liquid crystals. A-band and I-band measurements. AB - A-band and I-band potentials are measured selectively in crayfish skinned long tonic muscle fibers. The microelectrode tip diameters used in this study are shown to be sufficiently small to permit the discrete placement of an electrode into either an A-band or I-band. Random and directed impalements into mechanically skinned fibers with microelectrodes yields reproducible trimodal distributions of potentials where the modalities represent the A-band (-1.80 mV), the I-band (-0.76 mV), and the Z-line vicinity (-3.63 mV). In conjunction with Donnan equilibrium theory, fixed charge concentrations are calculated from the measured potentials for the A-band (25.9 mmol e-/l), I-band (10.9 mmol e-/l), and Z-line vicinity (52.3 mmol e-/l). When skinned fibers are treated with Triton X 100, the mean potentials (and charge concentrations) decrease: A-band to -1.71 mV (24.6 mmol e-/l), I-band to -0.71 mV (10.2 mmol e-/l), and the Z-line vicinity to -3.40 mV (49.0 mmol e/l). In the A-band this represents a loss of 1.3 mmol e-/l while in the I-band 0.7 mmol e-/l are lost; both decreases are attributed to the removal of internal membranous structures. In the rigor condition the A-band increases to -2.18 mV (33.1 mmol e-/l) and the I-band increases to -0.88 mV (13.3 mmol e-/l). Relative to the relaxed condition, this represents an increase of 8.5 mmol e-/l and 3.1 mmol e-/l in the A-band and I-band, respectively. The evidence shows that it is practical to measure A-band and I-band potentials selectively. Further, it is demonstrated that similar measurements can be obtained from agar, another polyelectrolyte gel system (see Appendix). PMID- 6518256 TI - Separation of translational and rotational contributions in solution studies using fluorescence photobleaching recovery. AB - Although fluorescence photobleaching recovery (FPR) experiments are usually interpreted in terms of the translational motions of a fluorescently labeled species, rotational motions can also modulate recovery through the cosine-squared laws for dipolar absorption and emission processes. In a complex interacting system, translational and rotational contributions may both be simultaneously present. We show how these contributions can be separated in solution studies using an FPR setup in which (a) the linear polarization of the low-intensity observation beam and the high-intensity photobleaching pulse can be varied independently, and (b) all emitted fluorescent photons are counted equally. The fluorescence recovery signal obtained with the observation beam polarized at the magic angle, 54.7 degrees, from the bleach polarization direction is independent of label orientation, whereas the anisotropy function formed from a combination of parallel and perpendicular polarizations isolates the orientational recovery. The anisotropy function is identical to that in fluorescence correlation spectroscopy and, for rigid-body rotational diffusion, can be expressed as a sum of five exponential terms. PMID- 6518257 TI - Fluorescence recovery spectroscopy as a probe of slow rotational motions. AB - Pump-and-probe techniques can be used to follow the slow rotational motions of fluorescent labels bound to macromolecules in solution. A strong pulse of polarized light initially anisotropically depletes the ground-state population. A continuous low-intensity beam of variable polarization then probes the anisotropic ground-state distribution. Using an additional emission polarizer, the generated fluorescence can be recorded as it rises towards its prepump value. A general theory of fluorescence recovery spectroscopy (FRS) is presented that allows for irreversible depletion processes like photobleaching as well as slowly reversible processes like triplet formation. In either case, rotational motions modulate recovery through cosine-squared laws for dipolar absorption and emission processes. Certain pump, probe, and emission polarization directions eliminate the directional dependence of either dipole and simplify the resulting expressions. Two anisotropy functions can then be constructed to independently monitor the rotations of either dipole. These functions are identical in form to the anisotropy used in fluorescence depolarization measurements and all rotational models developed there apply here with minor modifications. Several setups are discussed that achieve the necessary polarization alignments. These include right-angle detection equipment that is commonly available in laboratories using fluorescence methods. PMID- 6518258 TI - Lateral diffusion on fused cell doublets. PMID- 6518260 TI - Potential-energy surface for double-helical DNA with Watson-Crick pairs. I. Complete scanning in the space of torsion angles. PMID- 6518259 TI - Model-independent fluorescence polarization for measuring order in a biological assembly. PMID- 6518261 TI - Potential-energy surface for double-helical DNA with Watson-Crick base pairs. II. Complete energy minimization study. PMID- 6518262 TI - Characterization of the transition state of lysozyme unfolding. I. Effect of protein-solvent interactions on the transition state. PMID- 6518263 TI - Characterization of the transition state of lysozyme unfolding. II. Effects of the intrachain crosslinking and the inhibitor binding on the transition state. PMID- 6518265 TI - Characterization of the fluorescence of the protamine thynnine and studies of binding to double-stranded DNA. PMID- 6518264 TI - Molecular mechanical studies of base-pair opening in d(CGCGC):d(GCGCG), dG5 . dC5, d(TATAT):d(ATATA), and dA5 . dT5 in the B and Z forms of DNA. PMID- 6518266 TI - Tritium exchange of spectrin versus temperature. PMID- 6518267 TI - The DNA phosphate orientation. Infrared data and energetically favorable structures. PMID- 6518268 TI - On the first-neighbor analysis of nucleic acid CD spectra: the definitive T matrix and considerations of various methods. PMID- 6518269 TI - The resolution of nucleic acid-ligand binding sites by CD first-neighbor analysis. PMID- 6518270 TI - Application of fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry to biological samples: analysis of urinary metabolites of acetaminophen. AB - Fast atom bombardment (FAB) is useful for the characterization of all major metabolites of the analgesic acetaminophen (APAP). It is particularly useful for providing mass spectra of the polar glucuronide and sulfate conjugates which eluded identification by field desorption and other more conventional methods of ionization. A protocol is described for the use of FAB in the identification of urinary APAP metabolites isolated by reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) following therapeutic dosages of the drug. A tentative set of recommendations for the off-line use of HPLC and FAB is directed towards solving problems encountered when using these two analytical techniques in concert. In addition, a method for calculating the signal to background ratio (S/B) for analyte peaks in FAB spectra from selected relative ion intensities is proposed. Examples are presented that show the potential of S/B as an empirical parameter for judging the quality of FAB spectra. PMID- 6518271 TI - Metabolism of 1,1,1,2,2-pentafluorohexane and 1,1-difluorocyclohexane by rat liver microsomes in vitro. AB - Metabolism of 1,1,1,2,2-pentafluorohexane with liver microsomes from phenobarbital-treated rats gave only one metabolite, namely, the 5-hydroxy derivative. Under similar conditions 1,1-difluorocyclohexane was metabolized to give mainly the 3- and 4-hydroxy derivatives in the ratio 1: approximately 5.5. The structures of these metabolites were established by chemical ionization (CI) and/or electron impact (EI) mass spectrometry and confirmed by synthesis in the case of 1,1-difluorocyclohexan-4-ol. Oxidation of 1,1-difluorocyclohexane with lead tetrakis(trifluoroacetate) also gave, inter alia, the 3- and 4-hydroxy derivatives. In saturated hydrocarbons complete replacement of hydrogen by fluorine at one particular carbon will not only block microsomal hydroxylation thereat but will also inhibit hydroxylation at neighbouring hydrogen-bearing carbons, (alpha almost completely, beta markedly, gamma slightly). PMID- 6518272 TI - Fractionation of alkali metal cations in cationization of phthalic acid. A fast atom bombardment study. AB - Competition for solvent glycerol and solute phthalic acid by the alkali metal cations Li+, Na+, K+, Rb+ and Cs+ in cationization fast atom bombardment spectra is quantitated. PMID- 6518273 TI - A stable isotope method for the quantification of N-acetyl-5-aminosalicylic acid in plasma and urine. AB - The synthesis of a number of N-acyl-5-aminosalicylic acids and their derivatives is described. These compounds allow the sensitive and specific mass spectrometric determination of unlabelled or deuterium-labelled N-acetyl-5-aminosalicylic acid in biological samples. An in vivo study shows that the labelled compound, administered to rats, is excreted isotopically unchanged to at least 97%, and that no significant deacetylation/acetylation mechanism exists for this metabolite N-acetyl-5-aminosalicylic acid of salicylazosulphapyridine. PMID- 6518274 TI - The mechanism of inhibition of ureogenesis by acidosis. AB - In perfused rat liver a decrease of cytosol pH, determined with pH-sensitive microelectrodes, from 7.2 to 6.85 is associated with a 50% fall in ureogenesis from ammonium chloride. In isolated rat hepatocytes the fall in ureogenesis due to acidosis is associated with decrease in the mitochondrial and cytosolic concentration of citrulline. Limitation of carbamoyl phosphate synthesis and thus citrulline supply could be responsible for the inhibition of ureogenesis observed. PMID- 6518275 TI - Delayed aggregation of proteoglycans in adult human articular cartilage. AB - The biosynthesis and macromolecular organization of proteoglycans was studied in explants of adult human articular cartilage. In a series of pulse-chase experiments, labelling with (35S)sulphate, it was shown that the proteoglycan monomer is synthesized as a precursor that has a low affinity for hyaluronic acid. These findings suggest a possible mechanism by which the rate of incorporation of proteoglycans into the extracellular matrix may be controlled. PMID- 6518276 TI - The determination of flux through phenylalanine hydroxylase and homogentisate oxidase in isolated hepatocytes. AB - The metabolic fate of [4-3H]phenylalanine incubated with isolated hepatocytes has been investigated. Analysis of 3H2O production and fluorimetric estimation of tyrosine production has allowed calculation of flux through phenylalanine hydroxylase and homogentisate oxidase. The resulting flux determinations are physiologically relevant and hormonally sensitive. PMID- 6518278 TI - The fumarate reductase system as a site of anthelmintic attack in Ascaris suum. AB - Various benzimidazole compounds have been shown to be highly effective as inhibitors (up to 50% reduction of activity) in vitro of the helminth-specific enzyme, fumarate reductase, of Ascaris suum. Anthelmintically active and inactive benzimidazoles were similarly effective as inhibitors of enzyme activity. Albendazole-induced inhibition of fumarate reductase was not observed when the enzyme was preincubated with NADH. PMID- 6518277 TI - Hepatic hexose transport and the effect of N2-induced anoxia and KCN on this process. AB - Hepatic hexose transport was characterized using 3-O-methyl-D-glucose, which is not metabolized by the liver. The kinetic parameters determined in the starved state were taken as basal values for the transport system which showed saturation kinetics with high Vmax and Km values of 161 nmol/mg dry wt./min and 39 mM respectively. In the fed state, the Vmax was found to be increased nearly two fold; this may be due to a phenomenon known as trans-stimulation. The effects of N2-induced anoxia and of KCN were investigated. In the fasted state, anoxia caused the transport characteristics Vmax and Km to decrease nearly two-fold whereas KCN had the opposite effect as the Vmax and Km were increased by three- and two-fold respectively. In the fed state, anoxia and KCN caused a marked decrease in the transport characteristics. PMID- 6518280 TI - Genetic disorders and birth defects in families and society: toward interdisciplinary understanding. PMID- 6518281 TI - Proceedings of the Fifth International Congress of Biorheology. Part III. Baden Baden, F.R. Germany, 20-24 August 1983. PMID- 6518279 TI - Sequence analysis of a PM2-DNA anti-Z-IgG-binding region. AB - An anti-Z-antibody-binding region between PM2-DNA map units 0.05 and 0.18, containing approx. 25% of the bound PM2 antibody molecules (1,2) has been sequenced. Analysis of this PM2 DNA sequence from map units 0.00 to 0.175 demonstrates that alternating purine/pyrimidine tracts capable of adopting the left-handed conformation are present within this antibody-binding region. Longer (GC)n-rich tracts are clustered together and comprise seven alternating purine/pyrimidine-rich areas (48%-84%) ranging from 19 to 142 nucleotides in length. The DNA located between these alternating purine/pyrimidine-rich areas exhibit a low level (0%-19%) of this sequence arrangement. There is a very strong correlation between the alternating purine/pyrimidine-rich areas and the anti-Z DNA-IgG-binding sites. Nucleotides 1461-1583 of the PM2-DNA genome encode the bacteriophage capsid protein IV. One of the PM2 left-handed sites is located within this protein-coding sequence; a B-to-Z transition within this site may be involved in protein-IV gene regulation in vivo. PMID- 6518282 TI - Memory functions as a tool for the description of tissue deformability. AB - The mechanical description of the behavior of tissue started with the Hookean model, i.e. the tissue, in particular the vessel wall, was treated as linear elastic. Time dependent aspects have been included by an extension to the Kelvin Voigt model and to the so-called 3-parameter model. The aim of this paper is to apply the concept of hereditary integrals to tissue deformability. This integral formulation has as its experimental background creep and relaxation. PMID- 6518283 TI - Biomechanical behavior of human intervertebral discs subjected to long lasting axial loading. AB - 48 lumbar discs were tested; the creep tests lasted between 2 and 6 hours. All discs showed the known creep behavior, i.e. a decrease of height, rate of creep and axial deformability with time. In the first minutes of a test the viscoelastic behavior quickly alters so that the disc behaves more like an elastic body. Loss of mass normally observed after creep tests is due to loss of water. Creep behavior is reproducible if a disc has sufficiently recovered, i.e. if it has regained its initial height. Creep tests on "desiccated" discs revealed that creeping is possible without loss of water and recovery is possible without absorption of water. The type of loading (static or dynamic) has hardly any influence on the biomechanical behavior. Our results indicate, that creep and recovery are chiefly due to extension and contraction of the anular fibers and not to fluid flow. PMID- 6518284 TI - A theoretical model for myocardial tissue deformability. AB - Early detection of cardiac disease is based on the quantitative interpretation of left ventricular wall motion throughout the cardiac pumping cycle. Wall deformations result from complex fluid-wall interactions wherein muscle fibre orientation, intraventricular pressure and regional variations of myocardial wall rheology play a crucial role. A reliable theoretical model would be of intrinsic value in aiding the cardiologist in his interpretation of clinical diagnostic results, particularly through the incorporation of microprocessor-based algorithms permitting automatic processing of clinical data within the framework of such a model. As a step in this direction, a theoretical analysis is formulated for a relatively simple characterization of the left ventricle in terms of a truncated ellipsoidal shell. The myocardial wall contains contractile muscle fibres of known orientation. The stress tensor is derived on the basis of an inviscid fluid-fibre continuum. Principal stresses are calculated in terms of regional wall deformations and intraventricular pressure. These are determined from an inviscid fluid dynamic model for left ventricular contraction, subject to an appropriate Neumann condition on wall velocity as obtained from cineangiography. Local "defects" in wall velocity simulate the inhibition of wall contractility associated with the development of myocardial infarct. The theoretical model makes it possible to evaluate local variations in wall stress at those sites and to calculate both regional and overall changes in heart work as a noninvasive indicator of cardiomyopathies or valvular defects. Graphic results are presented depicting the role of myocardial tissue rheology on the dynamics of cardiac performance during the ejection phase, on the basis of the present theoretical model. PMID- 6518285 TI - Volume elasticity, modulus of elasticity and compliance of normal and arteriosclerotic human aorta. AB - In order to measure the flow-dynamical effect of arteriosclerotic changes of the vessel wall we determined volume elasticity E' and modulus of elasticity of 53 human aortae in a static p-V-test as other authors did, too. The p-V-curves are normalized to the aortic basic volume Vo, so that we could determine the haemodynamic effect of arteriosclerosis immediately from E' and. Diameter, length, and, accordingly, the basic volume of the aorta without prestressing increase significantly in aortae with severe arteriosclerosis in comparison to those without sclerosis. The volume elasticity E' as a function of the static aortic pressure has a minimum within physiological pressure range and changes into a linear function when arteriosclerosis increases. The modulus of elasticity of a normal aorta remains constant within a pressure range of 20 to 100 mm Hg and it shows a linear increase at higher pressure. The differences between Vo, E' and of aortae with and without severe arteriosclerosis, however, are highly significant. PMID- 6518286 TI - Numerical approach to the motion of a red blood cell in Couette flow. AB - The motion of a red blood cell in a plane Couette flow is studied theoretically, introducing a two-dimensional microcapsule model for the cell. It is assumed that the microcapsule is deformed into an elliptical shape with a constant area and that its membrane moves like a tank-tread around the interior. The flow fields both inside and outside the microcapsule are analyzed using the finite element method in the Stokes equations and the obtained viscous forces on the membrane are used to determine its deformation and tank-treading motion. It is shown that a decrease in viscosity ratio of internal to external fluids causes the microcapsule to be more elongated, with its inclination angle increasing, whereas the microcapsule becomes more elongated at a smaller inclination angle with a longer tank-treading period as the elastic compliance of the membrane or the shear rate of the Couette flow increases. The force acting on the wall is also examined in relation to the abnormal viscosity of blood. PMID- 6518287 TI - Dynamic viscoelasticity of bovine vitreous body. AB - The dynamic mechanical property of the vitreous body was studied as functions of frequency and temperature. The data at different temperatures were found to be superposable onto a single set of master relaxation curves. It was found that the shape of the composite master relaxation curves of the vitreous body resembles that of the network polymer system except for the very small absolute value of the shear modulus. PMID- 6518288 TI - The flow behavior of lysolecithin-induced echinocytes. AB - Lysolecithin is formed by enzymatic processes in the blood plasma both in vivo and in vitro. Erythrocyte suspensions which are treated with lysolecithin, have a higher viscosity than normal erythrocytes. At high shear rates this may be attributed to a reduced deformability of these cells. At shear rates below 10 s 1, however, these erythrocytes maintain their resting shape (which is that of a spiculated sphere) and their viscosity is 8 times higher than that of aldehyde hardened erythrocytes. It is therefore concluded that the reduced deformability of lysolecithin-treated erythrocytes is not the cause of their high viscosity at low flow velocities. The results of this paper suggest that lysolecithin-treated red cells have an increased functional volume due to the immobilization of fluid between their spicules. Furthermore the lysolecithin-treated erythrocytes, despite their sphered shape can attach to each other when the suspending medium contains long-chain molecules. Both the increased functional volume and the attachment of the cells can explain the high viscosity values at the lower shear rates. PMID- 6518289 TI - Deformation of leukocytes on a hematological blood film. AB - Human leukocytes in a blood film exhibit a significantly larger diameter than in the circulation. This is due to the fact that white cells are highly deformed during preparation of a blood film. Instead of having the usual spherical shape, the cells are compressed to "pancake" forms with a thickness of about 1 micron. Hematological investigation is usually performed on these compressed cells, but in the circulation they are not observed. The deformation of the cells on a blood film is due to compression by the glass edge used to spread the blood. After deformation leukocytes do not have enough time to recover since the blood film usually dries in a shorter period than is needed for cell recovery. The shape and size of the leukocyte on the blood film is not only determined by cell volume but also by the cell membrane area. This is shown for each kind of leukocyte by independent prediction of the pancake dimensions from previous measurements of cell volume and membrane area. Leukocytes which are strongly compressed during blood film preparation may exhibit mechanical damage with rupture of membranes. PMID- 6518290 TI - A macroscopic description of stress relaxation in a muscle subject to stepwise deformation. AB - Stress relaxation regimes arising in a muscle subject to stepwise deformation are described on the basis of a recent phenomenological model of fully activated muscle tissue which is presented in the form of a second-order constitutive equation. It is shown that this model reproduces the qualitative form of relaxation curves observed experimentally. Relations between rheological parameters which correspond to different types of stress relaxation are found for the case where the jump duration is much smaller than the relaxation times of the sample. As illustrated by the simplest model of a slow length jump (linear deformation), the qualitative form of the stress relaxation depends on the jump duration in this case. This effect can lead to rough errors in determination of rheological and molecular parameters of muscle tissue in mechanical experiments in which the relation between jump duration and relaxation times is not controlled. PMID- 6518291 TI - Combined endocrine and chemotherapy--any true benefits? PMID- 6518292 TI - Estrogen-induced 24K protein in MCF-7 breast cancer cells is localized in granules. AB - We have previously reported the production of monoclonal antibodies which detect, by immunohistochemistry, an estrogen-induced protein of molecular weight 24,000 daltons (24K). This protein, of unknown function, has been detected in: a) estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer cell lines but not in receptor-negative lines; b) several human normal estrogen target organs; and c) certain human carcinomas, including breast tumors. To examine the subcellular localization of this 24K estrogen-induced protein, we have done immunohistochemical studies at light and electron microscopic levels using a human breast tumor cell line (MCF 7) grown in vitro and also in nude mice in vivo. MCF-7 cells grown in the ascites fluid of nude mice and processed for paraffin sections showed a defined polarity, and the 24K protein was localized in the apical cytoplasm of the cells. After cytocentrifugation, MCF-7 cells grown in vitro displayed 24K protein mainly confined to large cytoplasmic granules. The presence of 24K protein in cytoplasmic granules was also seen by immunoelectronmicroscopy in MCF-7 cells grown both in vitro and in vivo. The granules had different sizes, shapes, and 24K immunostaining intensity. The morphological evidence suggests that the 24K estrogen-induced protein is secreted from the cells. PMID- 6518294 TI - Value of 8S/4S fractionation of estrogen receptors (ER) for prediction of response to hormonal manipulation in metastatic breast cancer. AB - Using sucrose gradient centrifugation, human breast cancer estrogen receptors appear in two molecular forms sedimenting at either 8S or 4S fractions. The sum of these two fractions has been valuable clinically in helping to predict response to hormonal therapies. It has been suggested that the 4S receptor may not be of predictive value and that the practice of using only dextran-coated charcoal methodology might thus overestimate the number of patients whose tumors might be hormonally dependent. The present study correlates clinical response to hormonal manipulations with 8S and 4S receptors as determined by sucrose density gradient centrifugation. Patients with only 4S positive receptors had a 56% response rate to hormonal manipulation compared with a 52% response rate in patients with positive 8S alone or with both 8S and 4S receptors. Although patient numbers are small in this and the other three published series addressing this question, our data do not confirm two previously published studies suggesting clinical importance of 8S/4S fractionation. PMID- 6518293 TI - Effect of sodium butyrate on human breast carcinoma (MCF-7) cellular proliferation, morphology, and CEA production. AB - Sodium butyrate is a potent inducer of leukemic cell differentiation. This agent also affects epithelial cell proliferation and gene expression. The present study demonstrates that sodium butyrate slows proliferation and induces morphologic changes in human MCF-7 breast carcinoma cells. The results also demonstrate that butyrate-treated MCF-7 cells have enhanced expression of carcinoembryonic antigen. These effects are related to butyrate concentration and duration of exposure. The present findings may provide a model for studying maturation of human breast cancer cells. PMID- 6518296 TI - The efficacy of bone scanning in the follow-up of patients with operable breast cancer. AB - A considerable fraction of first metastases in breast cancer patients are found in the skeletal system. Consequently, to improve the probability of detecting bone lesions, protocols of the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project (NSABP) have required radionuclide scans every six months for the first three postoperative years and yearly thereafter. The present study was conducted to evaluate the worth of 7984 bone scans performed prior to documentation of first treatment failure on 2 697 stage II (positive node) patients entered into NSABP clinical trial B-09. At the time of evaluation, there were 779 patients with a treatment failure, 163 (20.9%) of whom had their recurrence limited to bone. At most, 52 (0.6%) of the total number of screening scans were efficacious in detecting lesions in asymptomatic patients. As a result of this minimal benefit from routine scans, it was recommended that they be conducted less frequently. In presently ongoing NSABP studies, asymptomatic patients having tumors with positive axillary nodes receive scans at yearly intervals for the first three years. Future NSABP trials will require follow-up bone scans only as indicated by symptoms. PMID- 6518295 TI - Pros and cons of aminoglutethimide for advanced postmenopausal breast cancer. AB - In a phase II clinical trial, 38 postmenopausal women with advanced breast cancer were treated with aminoglutethimide and replacement hydrocortisone. All women had previously received up to 4 modalities of endocrine therapy. Seventeen patients had also been treated with cytostatic drugs. Twenty-five percent of the 29 evaluable patients experienced objective tumor regression, lasting from 11 to more than 18 months. In 29% the disease was stabilized for 3 to more than 15 months. Toxicity was significant, necessitating drug withdrawal in 3 patients. One patient died within 3 weeks of therapy from multiple perforated gastric ulcers. Two patients developed herpes zoster within 4 weeks of treatment. Many side effects were minor and transient. However, treatment resulted in overt primary hypothyroidism in 25% of the evaluable patients and in a strongly increased need of acenocoumarin in all 3 patients on anticoagulant therapy. PMID- 6518297 TI - Mammary hyperplastic and preneoplastic changes: taxonomy and grading. AB - Mammary lobular and ductal carcinoma in situ are thought to originate from preneoplastic precursors. Most of our knowledge on mammary tumorigenesis is based on experimental data obtained in rodents, which are focused on the biology of hyperplastic alveolar nodules (HAN). The morphology of HAN is analyzed and compared with possible analogous lesions in humans. The microarchitecture of the terminal duct lobular unit (TDLU) is described with reference to descriptions and nomenclature appearing in the literature. A comparison is intended between existing classifications of human hyperplastic and preneoplastic changes. PMID- 6518298 TI - [Descriptive and topographical anatomy of the dorsal artery of the foot]. AB - The authors studied the course of the A. dorsalis pedis in 67 specimens cleared up with formalin and injected with terpentine and minium. The classical statement was found in 44 cases (2/3): the A. dorsalis pedis following the course of the A. Tibialis arise in front of the upper edge of the retinaculum extensorum, ran through the first intermetatarsal space and anastomosed with the A. plantaris lateralis. In 15 cases, it divided into 2 terminale branches - A. dorsalis medialis and lateralis - at 2-3 cm cm beyond its origin. In 6 cases, the artery was tiny and the arterial supply of the dorsum of the foot was mainly provided by both the lateral malleolar and the fibular arteries. Twice, the A. dorsalis pedis ran down into the second intermetatarsal space. The knowledge of these individual variations is to be pointed out by arteriography before using either M. extensor digitorum brevis or skin of the dorsum of the foot as flaps for covering cutaneous defects at the bindfoot. PMID- 6518299 TI - [Displacement of myotomic cells in muscle buds. Autoradiography study]. AB - Autoradiographic investigation of the migration of myotomal cells into the muscle buds. Autoradiography following the administration of 3H-thymidine in chick embryos showed that myogenically differentiated muscle plate cells leave the mitotic cycle, and remain in that state even after their migration to muscle buds derived from the myotome itself. PMID- 6518300 TI - [Acetylcholine receptors in chick embryo somites]. AB - Autoradiography was used to demonstrate the presence of alpha-bungarotoxin binding sites in the medial wall cells of thoracic somites from 44th hr incubation chick embryos. It is suggested that these cells are presumptive myoblasts about to migrate to form the myotome. PMID- 6518301 TI - [Contralateral effects of limb removal in the chick embryo]. AB - The bud of the right posterior limb was removed from 4 to 6 days old chick embryos, followed by removal of the muscles of the left posterior limb, with the sciatic nerve and the lumbosacral spinal marrow on the 17th day. ChAc and AChE activities were measured on the amputation side (spinal marrow), on the contralateral side (spinal marrow, nerve and muscles), and in control embryos. There was a significant fall in both activities on the contralateral side, particularly when amputation had taken place on the 4th day. It was also noted that the myelinic fibres of the anterior root on the contralateral side were more numerous than in the control embryos, and that the muscle fibres had a different appearance. PMID- 6518302 TI - [Homo- and contralateral changes in muscle cholinergic enzymes following immobilization in the rabbit]. AB - Changes in ChAc and AChE activity were observed in the caput longum of the triceps of both forelimbs of 45-day-old rabbits when the left antebrachium was immobilized in total extension on the brachium for periods of up to 60 days. Enzyme determination on the proximal, ventral and distal portions showed a correlation between quantitative changes in AChE activity, and reappearance of its terminal activity demonstrated histochemically by other workers with the same experimental model. PMID- 6518303 TI - [Arterial microcirculation of the human ovary. Preliminary report]. AB - Trying a standardization of methods for studying the microcirculation of the human ovary in reproductive period the authors studied 8 post-mortem ovaries of women aged between 18 and 35 years. It is concluded that the cleared method allows a better observation of the hilar and medullary vessels, while microangiography is better for the cortical vessels. The histological correlation is fundamental for the correct interpretation of the microangiographic images. PMID- 6518304 TI - [Persistence of the perioptic ring of the ophthalmic artery. Anatomical and embryological observations]. AB - At the foetal age, there is an arterial ring around the optic nerve inside the orbit. This ring, partially supplied by the ophthalmic artery, is transitory. A persistence at the adult age is absolutely exceptional. The case described in this paper is the second to be published. It has been found during a microdissection of the arteries of the orbit muscles. The authors discuss the variations of the origin and the course of the ophthalmic artery, according to the three embryologic origins of the orbital arterial vascularization: dorsal and ventral ophthalmic arteries, hyoid artery. This multiple origin explains the formation of the ring and its persistence. PMID- 6518305 TI - [Innervation of the human testes studied with electron microscopy]. AB - The testes of 35 men from 2 to 61 years old have been studied by electron microscopy with the aim of stressing the presence and the topographic localization of the efferent nervous fibres. The researches have confirmed that the innervation of the male gonad shows three components: a) vasomotor, b) peritubular, c) interstitial. The results obtained point out the very important role that the vegetative nervous system plays in the regulation of the gonadal functions. PMID- 6518306 TI - The prospects for chemical Darwinism. PMID- 6518307 TI - Dioxin: lessons from the Missouri experience. PMID- 6518309 TI - The psychosocial impact of environmental disasters. PMID- 6518308 TI - Dioxin in Missouri: 1971-1983. PMID- 6518310 TI - The pilot Missouri health effect study. PMID- 6518311 TI - The clean-up begins. PMID- 6518312 TI - Partial flow-volume curves. PMID- 6518313 TI - Is airway mucociliary clearance of clinical relevance? PMID- 6518314 TI - Characteristics of coalminers who have suffered excessive loss of lung function over 10 years. AB - From a longitudinal study of respiratory health of coalminers, we have selected 29 smokers and 12 non-smokers with the greatest decline in FEV1 over a ten year period and have compared them with 29 smokers and 14 non-smokers with the least decline. In order to identify syndromes associated with rapid decline in FEV1, we made a clinical and physiological examination of these men five years after the end of the ten year period of measured FEV1 decline. There was no substantial difference in mean lung function between rapid and slow decliners at the time of examination. However, the rapid decliners as a group had an excess of respiratory symptoms, a significantly lower mid-expiratory flow rate and an excess of early and mid-inspiratory crackles on auscultation. Lung function was only abnormal by conventional standards in one third of the smoking rapid decliners. These men had either airflow obstruction (accompanied in three cases by evidence of emphysema) or a concentric reduction of both FEV1 and FVC. There was no excess of atopy nor of history of childhood respiratory illness in rapid decliners. We conclude that it is likely to be difficult to detect the rapid decliners among working men on the basis of a single examination and that at present detection must depend on serial measurements of FEV1. PMID- 6518315 TI - Determinants of the slope of phase III of the single breath nitrogen test. AB - To assess whether the slope of phase III of the single breath nitrogen (SB-N2) test correlates better with inhomogeneity of the elastic properties within a lung or with peripheral airway inflammation, pressure-volume (PV) curves and SB-N2 tests were performed in 28 excised human lungs, including 11 emphysema-free and 17 emphysematous lungs. The degrees of emphysema and membranous as well as respiratory bronchiolar inflammation were graded in a semi-quantitative manner. The PV curves were analysed using an exponential curve fit, yielding the exponent K which is proportional to total incremental compliance. In the 11 emphysema-free lungs, the slope of phase III was significantly correlated with K, when both age (p less than 0.05) and bronchiolar inflammation scores (p less than 0.01) were held constant. On the other hand, the slope of phase III correlated less favourably with the bronchiolar inflammation scores when age was held constant and was not significantly correlated with the bronchiolar inflammation scores when K was held constant. In the emphysematous lungs alone, or when the emphysema free and emphysematous lungs were pooled, these correlations disappeared. In 23 smoking subjects, the slope of phase III was also significantly correlated with K (r = 0.72; p less than 0.001). We conclude that in emphysema-free lungs the slope of phase III is better correlated with the overall elastic properties of the lungs than with bronchiolar inflammation, and we speculate that increases in K, implying a greater overall curvature of the PV relationship, reflect increasing inhomogeneity of elastic properties within a lung, rather than a uniform change affecting individual lung units equally.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6518316 TI - Po2 temperature blood factor for blood gas apparatus. AB - PO2 temperature formulae supplied by manufacturers on automatic blood gas apparatus, PO2 corr. = PO2 37 degrees C X 10F X delta T were studied and compared to the experimental determination of the delta log PO2/delta T ratio (Herigault et al. [10]). Acid-base status at 37 degrees C appeared to have a measurable influence on the PO2 temperature factor; alkalosis increased the delta log PO2/delta T ratio, and the contrary was found for acidosis in comparison with normal acid-base status at 37 degrees C. For the same PO2, measured at 37 degrees C, all the proposed formulae of commercial blood gas automatic apparatus did not give the same temperature corrected PO2. The observed difference between the corrected PO2 may be important and greater than the precision of the initial measurement. To correct the measured PO2 for temperature, a relationship between delta log PO2/delta T and PO2 is proposed, between PO2 zero and PO2 180 mmHg, which takes into account measured pH and PO2 values at 37 degrees C:delta log PO2/delta T = [(-0.35 pH + 0.658) X 10(-4) X PO2] + 0.035. PMID- 6518317 TI - [Graphic representations of the forced expiration test. Reconciliation of the past and present]. PMID- 6518318 TI - Standardized lung function testing. PMID- 6518319 TI - [A program for the campaign against acute infections of the respiratory tract in children: memorandum of a meeting of the WHO]. PMID- 6518320 TI - [Method of measuring the "risk of infection" and its use as an indicator among BCG-vaccinated populations]. PMID- 6518321 TI - [Case of massive group tuberculosis infection in a country with low incidence]. PMID- 6518323 TI - [Effect of pyrazinamide on the liver of tuberculosis patients. Electron microscopic study]. PMID- 6518322 TI - [Surveillance of diagnostic and therapeutic measures in the Netherlands. Comparison between the periods 1973-1976, 1977-1980 and 1981]. PMID- 6518324 TI - [Acute tubulointerstitial nephritis following treatment with rifampicin]. PMID- 6518325 TI - [Effect of DDS on inducible enzymes, ammonia consumption and synthesis of photoinducible pigment in mycobacteria]. PMID- 6518326 TI - Stieltjes integration and differential geometry: a model for enzyme recognition, discrimination, and catalysis. PMID- 6518327 TI - The enzymatic neuron as a reaction-diffusion network of cyclic nucleotides. PMID- 6518328 TI - The characteristics method applied to the study of muscle dynamics. PMID- 6518329 TI - Influence of landscape on the spread of an infection. PMID- 6518330 TI - A simple solution of the non-stationary heat transport problem in capillarized biological tissue. PMID- 6518331 TI - Qualitative study of a dynamical system for metrazol-induced paroxysmal depolarization shifts. PMID- 6518332 TI - Blood flow subject to a single cycle of body acceleration. PMID- 6518333 TI - A note on the evaluation of similarity (homology) of short sequences with long sequences. PMID- 6518334 TI - Hypothalamic nuclei catechol-O-methyl-transferase and the process of brain sexual differentiation. AB - The present review focuses on some aspects of the function of catechol-O-methyl transferase (COMT) in the hypothalamic control of gonadotrophin release by the pituitary gland. The in situ influence of a catecholestrogen (2 OH.E2) on the amount of COMT in the hypothalamic nuclei involved in such control as well as on the process of sexual differentiation of the brain is also discussed. Catecholestrogens do not play a significant role in the induction of sexual differentiation and the observed action is probably a pharmacological one. It is difficult to understand why a substance whose structure is so closely related to that of estrogen is so much less active. Most probably the estrogen receptor in the cytosol at this stage of development is not able to recognize the catecholestrogen. Since catecholestrogens are not true virilizing substances they may be used to assess the critical levels of enzymes which are required to determine the sexual pattern of hypothalamic activity. The fact that the extent of the changes in COMT content of the hypothalamus is related to the amount of hormone used to induce virilization strengthens the view that sexual differentiation is the consequence of a genomic change during the critical period, which will induce an enzymatic pattern characteristic of the male acyclic pattern of gonadotrophin control. The finding that the COMT content of the hippocampus also changes in parallel to sexual differentiation leads us to speculate that perhaps sexual behavior may also be differentiated in the same way. PMID- 6518335 TI - Crotoxin. I. Immunology and interaction of the subunits. AB - p6ospholipase A and crotapotin were purified by gel filtration and ion-exchange chromatography from Crotalus durissus terrificus venom. The minimal molecular weights obtained by amino acid analysis were 13,400 daltons for phospholipase A and 8,300 daltons for crotapotin. Phospholipase A and crotapotin form a 1:1 molar complex that was stable during gel filtration. The LD50 of phospholipase A was increased about 10-fold when in a 1:1 complex with crotapotin. Crotapotin, phospholipase A and crotoxin (crotapotin + phospholipase A) gave precipitin reactions when tested with specific rabbit antisera. Immunological studies of these proteins using crotalus antiserum confirmed 1:1 molar ratio of the complex. Crotoxin antiserum also reacts with either crotapotin or phospholipase A separately. Similar antigenic determinants were observed in the subunits and it seems that some antigenic determinants are masked in the phospholipase A crotapotin complex. PMID- 6518336 TI - The absence of the descending limb of the Frank-Starling curve of the depressed guinea pig whole ventricle. AB - To determine whether the descending limb of the Frank-Starling curve can be detected in the whole ventricle when contractile state is impaired, volume-active pressure relationships were investigated in deteriorated preparations of isolated guinea pig hearts. The pressure developed by the isovolumic left ventricle as well as the first derivative of the pressure were determined during progressive dilation of the left ventricle up to a resting pressure of 60 mmHg. Coronary flow was provided by a constant perfusion pressure of 75 mmHg. The descending limb of the Frank-Starling curve was not detected: when expressed as a function of resting pressure the coronary flow attained maximal values at a calculated resting pressure of 14.0 mmHg and decreased at larger ventricular volumes. These results support the view that there is no descending limb of the Frank-Starling curve when the whole ventricle is distended, even when the intrinsic contractile properties are impaired, and coronary flow is reduced by compression due to ventricular distension. PMID- 6518337 TI - Dyserythropoiesis in iron deficiency and in beta-thalassemia. AB - Nuclear and cytoplasmic abnormalities were quantitated in bone marrow erythroblasts from 15 patients with iron deficient anemia, 5 beta-thalassemia homozygotes, 5 beta-thalassemia heterozygotes, 6 S/beta-thalassemia double heterozygotes and 9 controls. The frequency of dyserythropoietic changes in iron deficiency was 11.90 +/- 5.02% (mean +/- SD) which is significantly higher than 3.36 +/- 1.16% obtained for the control group. The degree of dyserythropoiesis was negatively correlated with hemoglobin level (rS = 0.757). The frequency of dyserythropoietic changes obtained for the beta-thalassemia heterozygotes (5.23 +/- 1.45%) and for S/beta-thalassemia (7.13 +/- 2.00%) was elevated compared with the controls (P less than 0.05 and P less than 0.01, respectively). The highest frequency of dyserythropoiesis (19.88 +/- 7.40%) occurred among beta-thalassemia homozygotes. In all cases studied the abnormalities were observed mainly in the late erythroblasts. In addition, a peculiar cytoplasmic inclusion was observed in Leishman-stained bone marrow or peripheral blood erythroblasts from beta thalassemia homozygotes, which is probably the result of precipitation of excess alpha-chain. This abnormality of thalassemia erythroblasts in Leishman-stained smears had not been previously reported. PMID- 6518338 TI - Depressed cell-mediated immunity in iron-deficiency anemia due to chronic loss of blood. AB - Twelve women with iron-deficiency anemia due to chronic loss of blood, but free from any other pathology that might alter the immune response, were studied. The patients were tested for cell immunity both in vitro, by B and T lymphocyte quantitation and by blastic transformation of the lymphocytes with phytohemagglutinin (PHA), and in vivo, by dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB), tuberculin, trychophytine and varidase skin tests. The same tests were repeated after iron therapy and also applied to a group of 12 normal control subjects. The percent of T lymphocytes increased significantly from 55.1 to 66.0% after treatment, while the absolute values did not change. There was a significant decrease in both the number and percent of "null" lymphocytes after treatment. The percent and absolute number of B lymphocytes did not change after treatment. Blastic transformation indices were within the normal range both before and after treatment. Seven women who were DNBC-negative before treatment became DNBC positive after iron therapy. Of the 5 patients who were tuberculin-negative before treatment, 2 became positive after iron therapy. Reactivity to trychophytine was observed in 3 patients before treatment as compared to 5 afterwards. Reactivity to varidase increased from 4 to 6 patients upon iron therapy. On the basis of changes in immunological reactivity observed after iron replenishment, we conclude that iron deficiency is an important factor in the genesis of the immunological alterations occurring in iron-deficiency anemia. PMID- 6518339 TI - Effect of salicylate on normal and digoxin-intoxicated isolated rabbit heart. AB - The action of sodium salicylate on normal and digoxin-intoxicated rabbit heart was studied by the Langendorff perfusion method. The drug depressed heart rate, atrioventricular (AV) conduction and contraction force in the normal heart, and reversibly blocked the ventricular pacemakers induced by digoxin intoxication, whereas its effect on sinoatrial frequency as well as AV conduction was potentiated by digoxin. All the effects of sodium salicylate were stronger at pH 7.0 and weaker at pH 7.4, when compared to those at pH 7.2. PMID- 6518340 TI - Maximal oxygen uptake during exercise using trained or untrained muscles. AB - Maximal oxygen uptake, VO2 max, was determined for cyclists, long-distance runners and non-athletes during uphill running (treadmill) and cycling (cycloergometer) to compare trained and untrained muscles. Blood lactate, maximal heart rate and maximal ventilation during work were also measured. VO2 max was higher for runners and non-athletes during exercise on the treadmill and higher for cyclists during exercise on the cycloergometer. For runners and non-athletes, maximal heart rate accompanied the increase in VO2 max, whereas similar values were obtained for cyclists on both ergometers. Maximal ventilation during work accompanied the difference in VO2 max in both groups of athletes but among non athletes it was similar during exercise on both the cycloergometer and the treadmill. Blood lactate was similar during exercise on both ergometers for all groups. These results suggest that the quantitative effects of training on cardiovascular and respiratory functions may only be properly evaluated by using an ergometer which requires an activity similar to that usually performed by the subjects. Cycle riding may possibly induce significant and specific alterations in the muscles involved in the exercise, thus increasing peripheral O2 uptake even after stabilization of maximal cardiac output, whereas running may well induce an improvement of all factors which are responsible for aerobic work power. PMID- 6518341 TI - Potassium-induced contractures in crab (Callinectes danae) muscle fibers. AB - The contractures induced by 20-200 mM [K+]o in single crab muscle fibers were resolved into two components. The first component, consisting of single twitches or brief tetanic contractions, was associated with electrogenic membrane responses. The second occurred after spiking subsided with an amplitude that increased linearly with the [K+]o between 20 and 90 mM. The amplitude and time course of the contractures elicited by a given [K+]o differed markedly between different fibers. Contracture reproducibility of a single fiber was best when 90 mM [K+]o was used. The K-induced contractures were abolished after brief (3 min) exposure of the fibers to a calcium-free solution and were greatly depressed by 8 mM procaine. The data suggest that the contractures require both Ca2+-influx across the sarcolemma and release of Ca2+ stored in the sarcoplasmic reticulum. PMID- 6518342 TI - Long-term analysis of the hypertension produced by sinoaortic denervation in the rat. AB - The increases in pressure lability and in mean arterial pressure (MAP) produced by sinoaortic denervation (SAD) in the rat were studied during a 16 h period of continuous pressure measurement 1, 7, 15, 30, 90 and 180 days after surgery. All groups of SAD rats showed increased pressure lability that was estimated from the standard deviation of approximately 960 pressure values taken one per min from the continuous record. The average standard deviation increased 40-90% and the distribution curves of pressure during the 16 h period was wider in the group of SAD rats than in the controls. Although the increased lability of SAD rats remained unchanged, the average minute-to-minute increase in MAP declined during the postoperative period studied. MAP dropped from 151 +/- 5 mmHg (vs 114 +/- 1 mmHg for the control) on the 1st day to 141 +/- 3, 135 +/- 3, 133 +/- 2, 132 +/- 2 and 130 +/- 2 mmHg on days 7, 15, 30, 90 and 180 after SAD, respectively. Movement-related pressure dips were observed in the SAD rats monitored for 16 h in contrast to the other natural states of behavior (walking, eating, grooming) that usually produced an increase in the MAP of control rats and tended to produce exaggerated pressor responses in SAD rats. SAD rats showed increased pressure lability and an elevation of MAP from 130-135 mmHg to 150 mmHg for up to 10 min in response to an acoustic stimulus. The data demonstrate the importance of using quiet and undisturbed conditions to assess the true pressure increase produced in rats by sinoaortic denervation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6518344 TI - Systemic capsaicin treatment impairs the micturition reflex in the rat. AB - Filling the urinary bladder via a urethral cannula and preventing its voiding in anaesthetized rats led to rhythmic contractions of the detrusor muscle, which lasted for more than 1 h. This rhythmic activity ceased about 30 min after a s.c. injection of 50 mg kg-1 capsaicin. The contractile response of the detrusor to topically applied capsaicin was lost after systemic administration of the toxin, whereas no change in the sensitivity to acetylcholine was observed. Urinary bladders of normal rats had a capacity of about 1 ml. Bladders of rats treated with capsaicin as neonates held a volume of more than 5 ml without contracting. Such bladders were insensitive to topically applied capsaicin but they contracted to acetylcholine as strongly as the bladders of control rats. During an observation period of 3 days control rats gained weight at night and lost weight by day. Rats treated with capsaicin as neonates showed little fluctuation in body weight. Such rats hardly excreted any urine by day although at night they excreted as much as controls. A water load of 5 ml 100 g-1 was excreted by control rats within 3 h. Rats treated with capsaicin as neonates excreted only half as much. In addition, 50% of the water load was excreted far later by capsaicin treated rats than by controls. Few changes were observed in rats treated with capsaicin as adults. It is concluded that all primary afferent fibres mediating the sensation of a full bladder are capsaicin-sensitive. An additional effect of capsaicin on renal mechanisms cannot be excluded. PMID- 6518343 TI - Changes in carotid body amine levels and effects of dopamine on respiration in rats treated neonatally with capsaicin. AB - Dopamine levels in rat carotid bodies and the effects of intravenous dopamine injections on respiration in adult rats anaesthetized with pentobarbitone have been studied in animals which were treated with capsaicin neonatally. Levels of dopamine were five fold higher in the carotid bodies of capsaicin-treated rats as compared with vehicle-treated controls, but there was no significant difference between capsaicin-treated and vehicle-treated rats in their ID50 values for dopamine-induced respiratory depression. Domperidone, a dopamine D2-receptor antagonist, substantially reduced the respiratory depression caused by dopamine, both in capsaicin-treated and in control animals, suggesting that a D2-receptor was involved in the response. Cutting the carotid sinus nerves greatly reduced the ventilatory-depressant effect of dopamine, showing that sensory receptors, most probably arterial chemoreceptors, were responsible for most of the response. Substantially less reflex hyperventilation was evoked in capsaicin-treated rats by the peripheral chemoreceptor stimulants hypoxia and sodium cyanide, in comparison with the controls, and domperidone did not increase the responsiveness. About 80% of the reflex ventilatory change originated from carotid body chemoreceptors. The hypoventilation caused by breathing 100% O2 was not significantly different in capsaicin-treated rats when compared with controls. Domperidone substantially reduced this response in capsaicin-treated rats, but not in vehicle-treated animals. Dopamine-induced respiratory depression in capsaicin-treated rats was slightly enhanced, rather than reduced, by oxygen breathing; domperidone remained an effective antagonist of dopamine-induced ventilatory depression. Most of the reduction in respiration caused by dopamine in rats anaesthetized with pentobarbitone can be attributed to actions on a dopamine D2-receptor located in the carotid body. However, despite the increased levels of dopamine found in the carotid bodies, the reduced peripheral chemosensitivity observed in anaesthetized capsaicin-treated rats does not appear to result from a change in sensitivity to dopamine. PMID- 6518345 TI - Energy conservation by nisoldipine in ischaemic heart. AB - We studied the effect of the calcium entry blocker nisoldipine on ATP catabolism in the rat heart, perfused according to Langendorff. Even 1 nM nisoldipine induced vasodilatation; concentrations of 30 nM and higher caused significant negative inotropy. The drug had a very strong affinity for silicon rubber tubing. Myocardial ischaemia was induced by lowering the perfusion pressure, which reduced flow without nisoldipine by 85%. The efflux of purine nucleosides and oxypurines rose 14 fold. Nisoldipine reduced this efflux of ATP catabolites dose dependently. The highest concentration, 300 nM, suppressed ischaemic purine production completely. The action of the drug was antagonized by an increase in Ca2+-concentration in the perfusion fluid. We also showed the protective effect of nisoldipine on adenine nucleotides in freeze-clamped hearts. A concentration of 20 nM partially prevented the reduction of ATP and adenylate energy charge due to ischaemia. We conclude that relatively low doses of nisoldipine effectively prevent ATP breakdown in ischaemic rat heart. PMID- 6518346 TI - Phentolamine-induced rhythmic contractions in bladder detrusor muscle of guinea pig. AB - Phentolamine caused a rhythmic contraction concentration-dependently without affecting resting tone in the detrusor muscle. Prazosin, yohimbine, propranolol, noradrenaline, clonidine or isoprenaline failed to cause the rhythmic contraction. These agents did not modify the response to phentolamine suggesting no involvement of alpha- or beta-adrenoceptors in the response to phentolamine. Chlorpheniramine, cimetidine, methysergide, SK&F 83566, atropine, bretylium, hemicholinium or tetrodotoxin failed to inhibit the response to phentolamine. These results suggest that the effect of phentolamine is not mediated through histaminergic, 5-hydroxytryptaminergic, dopaminergic or cholinergic systems, or through transmitter release from nerve endings. Prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha), arachidonic acid but not ATP caused rhythmic contractions which resembled the response to phentolamine. Potassium also caused a contraction with increasing resting tone. Following treatment with nifedipine, or incubation in a Ca2+-free medium, the responses to phentolamine, PGF2 alpha, arachidonic acid and potassium were markedly inhibited or abolished. Cyclo-oxygenase inhibitors such as indomethacin, aspirin and corticosterone inhibited or abolished the responses to phentolamine and arachidonic acid but did not inhibit the response to PGF2 alpha. The results suggest that the phentolamine-induced rhythmic contraction may, at least in part, result from the cyclo-oxygenase metabolite of arachidonic acid in guinea-pig detrusor muscles and a consequent increase in the transmembrane Ca2+ influx. PMID- 6518347 TI - Muscarinic inhibitory receptors in pulmonary parasympathetic nerves in the guinea pig. AB - In anaesthetized guinea-pigs, gallamine produced a dose-related potentiation of the bronchoconstriction induced by electrical stimulation of the cervical vagus nerves; (+)-tubocurarine and suxamethonium lacked this effect. The bronchoconstriction produced by intravenous injection of acetylcholine or histamine, however, was not potentiated by gallamine. Vagally-induced bradycardia was abolished by gallamine, confirming antagonism of the effect of acetylcholine on muscarinic receptors in the heart. The muscarinic receptor agonist pilocarpine, had the opposite effect to gallamine in the lung as it inhibited vagally-mediated bronchoconstriction. Pretreatment of guinea-pigs with either guanethidine or propranolol did not affect the gallamine-induced potentiation of vagally-mediated bronchoconstriction. The potentiating effect of gallamine in the lung can be explained by blockade of inhibitory, muscarinic receptors located in the parasympathetic nerves supplying the lungs. PMID- 6518348 TI - Penicillin concentrations in serum and cerebrospinal fluid after intramuscular injection of aqueous procaine penicillin 0.6 MU with and without probenecid. AB - Paired specimens of cerebrospinal fluid and serum were taken from 21 patients to estimate penicillin concentrations two to three hours after the last dose of a course of 14-21 daily intramuscular injections of procaine penicillin 0.6 MU. Of 10 patients treated with procaine penicillin alone, eight had no detectable penicillin and two had sub-treponemicidal concentrations (less than 0.018 mg/l) in the cerebrospinal fluid. Of 11 patients treated with procaine penicillin as above and probenecid 2 g a day by mouth, three had no detectable penicillin, two had sub-treponemicidal concentrations, and six had treponemicidal concentrations of penicillin in the cerebrospinal fluid. All 21 patients had treponemicidal concentrations of penicillin in the serum. This dose of procaine penicillin alone or with probenecid is therefore not recommended for treating neurosyphilis. PMID- 6518349 TI - Is one swab enough to detect chlamydial infection of the cervix? AB - Three swabs were taken from the cervix of each of 104 women for the detection of Chlamydia trachomatis. The processing of three swabs instead of one increased the isolation rate by only 2%, and later swabs did not result in the production of more chlamydial inclusions than first swabs. In most clinics, therefore, a single cervical swab is adequate to detect chlamydial infection. PMID- 6518350 TI - Erythromycin stearate in treating chlamydial infection of the cervix. AB - A total of 157 women attending departments of genitourinary medicine were treated for chlamydial infection of the cervix with erythromycin stearate 500 mg twice a day. Chlamydiae were eradicated from the cervix in 64/80 women treated for seven days and in 51/77 women treated for 14 days. In 12 of those treated for seven days and 15 of those treated for 14 days, reinfection was the probable cause of reisolation after treatment. The possibility of latent infection with Chlamydia trachomatis could not be excluded in five women, but was not more likely to occur with the shorter treatment course. Erythromycin stearate 500 mg twice daily for seven days appears to be an effective regimen for the treatment of uncomplicated chlamydial infection of the cervix. PMID- 6518351 TI - Prevalence of psychosexual problems in patients attending a genitourinary clinic. AB - The prevalence of self reported psychosexual problems in 265 men and 160 women who attended the genitourinary clinic at this hospital was assessed. Twenty-six (10.6%) men and 13 (9.0%) women had sexual problems either as an individual or within their regular relationship. The highest prevalence of problems was in married or cohabiting women and men, both homosexual and heterosexual, over 30. PMID- 6518352 TI - Multicentric pigmented Bowen's disease of the genitalia associated with carcinoma in situ of the cervix. AB - A case of multicentric pigmented Bowen's disease in a 45 year old woman with a previous history of carcinoma of the cervix is described. The two conditions may have a common pathogenesis, and a preceding viral infection with herpes simplex or human papillomavirus could be of aetiological relevance. Patients with multicentric pigmented Bowen's disease may be at risk of developing other tumours of the genital tract. Treatment with carbon dioxide laser proved effective. PMID- 6518353 TI - Risk of ectopic pregnancy after salpingitis. PMID- 6518354 TI - Event-related potentials in phonological matching tasks. AB - Two experiments investigated Event-Related Potentials (ERPs) in matching tasks. In Experiment 1 subjects judged, in separate conditions, whether two words rhymed or were written in the same case. The CNV developing between the two words was larger in the latter task compared to the former at the right temporal site. In the rhyme judgment task, an increased late negativity differentiated the ERPs to nonrhyming words from those that rhymed with the previously presented word. This difference was maximal at the midline and over the right hemisphere. Experiment 2 further investigated ERPs in the rhyme judgment task, increasing memory demands with an extended interstimulus interval (ISI) and varying the number of items subjects had to hold in memory during this period (one vs. three). Irrespective of memory load, CNVs during the ISI were more negative from the left hemisphere, and the ERPs to the rhyming and nonrhyming words showed the same differences as in Experiment 1. The CNV asymmetries are interpreted as being associated with the engagement of lateralized short-term memory processes. The rhyme/nonrhyme differences are possibly related to the "N400" component elicited by semantically incongruous words. Possible reasons for their scalp distribution are discussed. PMID- 6518355 TI - Repetition and comprehension of spoken sentences by reading-disabled children. AB - The language problems of reading-disabled elementary school children are not confined to written language alone. These children often exhibit problems of ordered recall of verbal materials that are equally severe whether the materials are presented in printed or in spoken form. Sentences that pose problems of pronoun reference might be expected to place a special burden on short-term memory because close grammatical relationships obtain between words that are distant from one another. With this logic in mind, third-grade children with specific reading disability and classmates matched for age and IQ were tested on five sentence types, each of which poses a problem in assigning pronoun reference. On one occasion the children were tested for comprehension of the sentences by a forced-choice picture verification task. On a later occasion they received the same sentences as a repetition test. Good and poor readers differed significantly in immediate recall of the reflexive sentences, but not in comprehension of them as assessed by picture choice. It was suggested that the pictures provided cues which lightened the memory load, a possibility that could explain why the poor readers were not demonstrably inferior in comprehension of the sentences even though they made significantly more errors than the good readers in recalling them. PMID- 6518356 TI - Incomplete Kluver-Bucy syndrome and fluent aphasia. AB - A case of probable herpetic viral encephalitis is presented. The clinical picture following the acute phase of disease was dominated by severe fluent aphasia, prominent oral tendencies, visual agnosia, and a decrease in fear reactions. Most of these symptoms, with the obvious exception of aphasia, are similar to those observed by Kluver and Bucy in rhesus monkeys that underwent bitemporal lobectomy. These manifestations may be explained by the tendency of the herpes simplex virus to invade the temporal lobes. "Agnosia" in the auditory field and changes in vocal behavior were observed by H. Kluver and P. C. Bucy (1939, Archives of Neurology and Psychiatry, 42, 949-1000) in some of their bitemporal monkeys. The association of sensory aphasia, as observed in this case, with the auditory "agnosia" observed in some bitemporal monkeys, is discussed. PMID- 6518357 TI - Sex in lateralized tachistoscopic word recognition. AB - Although a generalized sex difference in lateralization appears to be established, a review of the literature pertaining to lexical tachistoscopic tasks suggests a dissociation by method: females show reduced visual field asymmetries relative to males in lexical decision and naming, but not in word recognition. Here 14 recognition experiments from the author's laboratory are subjected to meta-analysis, and the literature review is confirmed. There is no sex difference is visual field asymmetry for the task, although an overall field difference is found and statistical power is high to find the interaction. Possible reasons for the discrepancy with lexical decision and naming findings are discussed. One possibility is that stress on reaction time in those tasks produces a complex interaction between sex, activation/arousal, and hemispheric differences, which is not found when a less speeded method is used. PMID- 6518358 TI - The effect of context during word perception in schizophrenic patients. AB - Hospitalized chronic and acute schizophrenics were compared with age- and social status-matched controls on word perception tests to measure the effect of context on recognition thresholds. In Experiment 1 the method of J. Morton (1964, British Journal of Psychology, 55, 165-180) was adopted to see how related and unrelated contexts influenced word recognition thresholds when both context and stimulus word were presented visually. Experiment 2 was an auditory analog of Experiment 1 and in addition the chronic schizophrenics were selected on the basis of a presence or absence of auditory hallucinations. The influence of context on perceptual thresholds was quite normal in all schizophrenics. However, analysis of the incorrect responses elicited showed that some schizophrenic subjects do produce bizarre or irrelevant responses or perseveration to a greater extent than their controls. These results are explained in terms of automatic and strategic modes of information processing. The automatic processes responsible for the adjustment of perceptual thresholds operate normally in schizophrenics but response production which demands strategic selection and editing of responses is prone to malfunction which results in the observed deviations in the normal use of language. PMID- 6518359 TI - Residual reading capability in a patient with alexia without agraphia. AB - A case of pure alexia due to an ischemic lesion of the occipital temporal region is described. Written words could be matched but not read. Immediate memory span for graphemes was defective. The reading defect probably depends on the inability to modify the written word "globally"; the phonological process was intact, but the memory disturbance impeded reading. The dissociation is explained by the preservation of word forms, which are linked to the semantic stage. Non-written stimuli trigger a "meaning" which evokes the word form and so the written word is recognized even though it cannot be read. PMID- 6518361 TI - The development of the interictal spike during kindling in the rat. AB - An attempt was made to determine the location of the generator(s) of interictal discharge in the kindled rat preparation. Animals were kindled by stimulation of hippocampal area CA3, fornix/fimbria, perforant path, amygdala or lateral olfactory tract. The development of interictal discharge was monitored in the intact preparation, and hippocampal slices were subsequently taken from both kindled and control animals. Contrary to our initial hypothesis, the hippocampus did not appear to generate interictal discharge (as determined by onset time) even when the animal was kindled in the hippocampus or one of its input pathways. Also, hippocampal slices taken from kindled animals did not appear to be significantly more prone to either evoked or spontaneous epileptiform responses, compared to control slices, in medium containing high K+ concentrations. Among the structures from which recordings were taken, the amygdala and/or pyriform cortex appeared to show the earliest onset spikes regardless of the site of stimulation. It is proposed that the generator of interictal discharge in kindled animals may reside in the pyriform lobe. PMID- 6518360 TI - Dopamine-containing amacrine cells of rhesus monkey retina parallel rods in spatial distribution. AB - Dopamine-containing amacrine cells of rhesus monkey were found everywhere outside of the foveola in whole, flat retinas by the formaldehyde-glutaraldehyde fluorescent method. There were about 7500 such cells in a single retina and their density, determined by cell counts and measured by a nearest neighbor method, was minimal in foveal and peripheral regions and maximal at 3 mm from the center of the fovea. Compared to density distributions of other retinal neuron types, dopamine-containing amacrine cells correlated only with rods, which also had a peak density at 3 mm eccentricity. Cones and ganglion cells peaked in the foveal pit, or within 1 mm of it, respectively. As the distribution of dopamine containing cells followed that of rods, it is suggested that dopamine could be involved in the rod neuronal circuitry of primates. PMID- 6518363 TI - On the morphology of the mesencephalic trigeminal cells. New data based on tracer studies. AB - Injections of free horseradish peroxidase in the masticatory muscles of the cat resulted in retrograde labeling of not only large and small so-called pseudounipolar cells but also of multipolar neurons within the ipsilateral mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus. The latter cell type was present only in the pontine part of the nucleus, and usually more faintly labeled than the other cells. Several of the so-called pseudounipolar cells showed cell processes similar to dendrites of other cells, a finding indicating that the afferent connections of these cells are much more complex than hitherto assumed. The observations are discussed also with reference to the problem whether the multipolar cells should be considered as displaced locus coeruleus neurons. PMID- 6518362 TI - Target dependent and independent stages in regeneration. AB - Goldfish retinae deprived of their target by tectal ablation showed characteristics of regeneration, such as sprouting activity in culture and changes in protein synthesis. These features resemble changes occurring in regenerating retinae of optic nerves which were subjected only to crush injury. Retinae of tectal ablated nerves maintained their ability to sprout in culture longer than retinae of crushed-injured optic nerves. This may indicate a possible absence of the machinery which regulates growth termination as reflected in this case, by the enduring growth activity in culture. Among the changes in protein synthesis which occurred in retinae following either tectal ablation or crush injury, the most pronounced were in tubulin and in some other polypeptides of the following molecular weights: 46-49, 65 and 74 kdalton. Results are discussed with respect to the possible role of the target in initiating regeneration upon disconnection of the nerve, and in terminating growth upon reconnection. PMID- 6518364 TI - The participation of forelimb flexors in labyrinth and neck reflexes in the decerebrate cat. AB - The reflex behaviour of triceps and biceps brachii was assessed by EMG recordings during natural labyrinth or neck stimulation. Labyrinth reflexes resulting from changes in head position are antagonistic to those resulting from changes in neck position. Reflexes recorded from biceps were reciprocal to those recorded in ipsilateral triceps and symmetrical to those from contralateral triceps. A scheme of labyrinth and neck reflexes involving forelimb flexors is presented. PMID- 6518365 TI - Effects of naloxone on the cardiovascular responses to muscular contraction in decerebrate cats. AB - The cardiovascular responses to muscular contraction induced by ventral root (L7 and S1) stimulation were studied in unanesthetized decerebrate cats before and after the administration of the opiate antagonist naloxone. Intravenous naloxone (1.0-2.0 mg/kg) did not alter the heart rate or arterial pressure responses to either tetanic or repeated twitch contractions. However, naloxone did increase resting arterial pressure. PMID- 6518366 TI - 2-Deoxyglucose accumulation parallels extracellularly recorded spike activity in the avian auditory neostriatum. AB - In a combined 2-deoxyglucose (2-DG) and electrophysiological study, the congruence between metabolic activity and extracellularly recorded spike activity patterns has been examined in the auditory cortex analogue, field L, of chicks. Using tone stimuli we demonstrate a match of stripes of 2-DG labeling to electrode tracks yielding neurons with the same best frequency. Since 2-DG activity is thought to reflect chiefly input activity of neurons there appears to be a close input-output link for tone responses in field L. PMID- 6518367 TI - Hippocampus modulates self-stimulation reward from the ventral tegmental area in the rat. AB - Rats with electrodes in the ventral tegmental area were tested for the threshold of intracranial reward using a rate insensitive self-stimulation procedure. It was found that an electrolytic lesion of a part of the dorsal hippocampus induced a marked decrease in the variation of thresholds across rats, while the mean reward level did not change. This indicates that a factor is removed, by the hippocampal lesion, which causes differences in reward between individual rats. It is suggested that the mesolimbic dopaminergic system is involved in this modulatory influence of the hippocampus on reward. PMID- 6518368 TI - Uptake of [3H]GABA by oligodendrocytes in dissociated brain cell culture: a combined autoradiographic and immunocytochemical study. AB - Uptake of [3H]GABA by dissociated mixed cell cultures of fetal mouse brain was studied using light microscopic autoradiography. Major cell types in the cultures were identified and quantified by immunocytochemical localization of reliable cell type-specific antigenic markers. In 12 days in vitro (DIV) cultures [3H]GABA uptake was predominantly into neurons and oligodendrocytes, whilst at 28 DIV the only surface cells labeled were oligodendrocytes. This was confirmed by complement-dependent antibody-mediated cytotoxicity against galactocerebroside positive oligodendrocytes. There was a moderate labeling of almost all flat cells, the majority of which were glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)-positive astrocytes. Heavily labeled astrocytes were only occasionally observed. Oligodendrocytes accumulated [3H]GABA more rapidly than astrocytes but slower than neurons. Oligodendroglial labeling was predominantly over the cell body, whereas neuronal labeling was more uniformly distributed over cell body and processes. The uptake was inhibited by diaminobutyric acid (DABA) and nipecotic acid, but not by beta-alanine, and thus had similar characteristics to neuronal rather than astroglial uptake. Oligodendrocytes did not accumulate [3H]beta alanine, which labeled only astrocytes. Oligodendroglial [3H]GABA uptake was Na+ dependent and sensitive to ouabain, but was only slightly enhanced by aminooxyacetic acid (AOAA), whereas astroglial uptake was not sensitive to ouabain but was markedly enhanced by AOAA. The results indicate that oligodendrocytes, in addition to astrocytes, may also be involved in the modification of neuronal function by the uptake and inactivation of neuroactive substances. PMID- 6518369 TI - Cerebellar projections to the lateral posterior-pulvinar thalamic complex in the cat. AB - Stereotaxic injections of horseradish peroxidase in the subdivisions of the lateral posterior-pulvinar thalamic complex were made in adult cats. Labeled neurons were found in the ventrolateral part of the contralateral lateral cerebellar nucleus. Cerebellar-positive neurons were more abundant after injections situated in the lateralis intermedius oralis, lateralis intermedius caudalis and rostral pulvinar nuclei, while they were scarce or absent when the injections were located in the extra-geniculate visual subdivision of the lateral posterior-pulvinar complex (lateralis posterior lateralis and lateralis posterior medialis nuclei). These projections give an anatomical substrate to support the cerebellar modulation of the lateral posterior-pulvinar complex motor activities as well as its dinamogenic cortical functions. PMID- 6518370 TI - In vivo chronic lead exposure alters [3H]nitrendipine binding in rat striatum. AB - The effect of lead as a neurotoxic agent has been associated with alterations in calcium metabolism. On this line, the present study shows that lead alters the characteristics of [3H]nitrendipine ([ 3H]NDP) binding to rat striatal membranes. In vitro, lead shares the action of calcium in enhancing [3H]NDP binding although it is more potent on a molar basis. In vivo, lead exposure through drinking water enhances [3H]NDP binding to crude synaptosomal membrane preparations. This effect is lost when membranes are washed with EDTA-EGTA, indicating that the increased binding is due to the persistence of lead in the brain of treated rats. PMID- 6518371 TI - Ascending and descending axon collaterals efferent from the brainstem reticular formation. A retrograde fluorescent tracer study in the lizard, Varanus exanthematicus. AB - The existence of divergent axon collaterals of neurons in the reticular formation has been studied with fluorescent tracers in a lizard. It appeared that ascending and descending projections arise in at least partially overlapping fields. However, only few reticular or raphe neurons were found with both ascending and descending projections. PMID- 6518372 TI - Evidence against a central stimulus for collateral reinnervation of oro-facial tissues in the cat. AB - Experiments in adult cats have shown that when the inferior alveolar nerve is sectioned and regeneration prevented, there is collateral reinnervation from neighbouring ipsilateral and contralateral nerves. Trigeminal rhizotomy prevents nerve impulses from entering the central nervous system and causes central degeneration but leaves the trigeminal ganglion and peripheral nerve intact. This investigation was designed to determine whether these central changes provide the stimulus for collateral reinnervation. In 5 adult cats, under general anaesthesia, a unilateral trigeminal rhizotomy was carried out via a temporal craniotomy. Evidence for the development of collateral innervation was sought by testing, at 3-week intervals, for the return of the jaw opening reflex evoked by electrical stimulation of the lower teeth, skin, mucous membrane and tongue, on the side of the rhizotomy. In addition, 12 or 15 weeks after the rhizotomy, recordings were made from ipsilateral and contralateral branches of the trigeminal nerve to determine whether collateral fibres were present. There was little evidence for the return of reflex responses to stimulation of tissues on the side of the rhizotomy and at the terminal experiment recordings revealed only a few collateral fibres. These results show that trigeminal rhizotomy does not stimulate collateral innervation and so suggest that the stimulus for sensory nerve sprouting is peripheral rather than central. PMID- 6518373 TI - Intracranial estradiol in ovariectomized guinea pigs: effects on ingestive behaviors and body weight. AB - The present study was undertaken to evaluate the effects of intracranial estradiol stimulation on food intake (FI), water intake (WI), and body weight (BWt) of ovariectomized guinea pigs (GPs). Thirty-five GPs were implanted with bilateral guide cannulae aimed at either the ventromedial hypothalamus, paraventricular nucleus (PVN), or preoptic area and then were stimulated unilaterally with cholesterol and estradiol 17-beta, yielding a total of 70 stimulation sites. Across all GPs, estradiol implants significantly reduced FI, WI and BWt relative to implants of cholesterol. The possibility that the behavioral changes observed were due to the peripheral rather than central effects of the implants was evaluated by comparing the results of stimulations which produced vaginal membrane rupture (VMR) to the results of cases without VMR. There were no significant differences between these groups on any of the dependent variables studied, indicating that peripheral estradiol sufficient to induce VMR was neither necessary nor sufficient to account for the behavioral changes. Histological analysis revealed that implants in the ventromedial-arcuate region (VM/ARC) and PVN significantly lowered FI and BWt, with the effects being greatest in the PVN. Placements in other areas, on the average, did not significantly suppress FI or BWt. The effect of central estradiol on WI was more diffuse. No significant effect of implant location was found for the estrogenic suppression of drinking. These findings are the first demonstration that estradiol applied to particular brain areas can lower FI, WI, and BWt of ovariectomized GPs.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6518374 TI - Several distinct receptor binding enkephalins in olivocochlear fibers and terminals in the organ of Corti. AB - Biochemical studies centering on the use of reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and radioimmunoassays (RIA) demonstrate the presence in the guinea pig organ of Corti of at least 3 enkephalin-related peptides, two of which are identified as Met- and Leu-enkephalin, respectively. Enkephalins were identified and quantitated by HPLC-RIA in the isolated second turn of the organ of Corti, but were not found in stria vascularis or auditory nerve dissected from the cochlea. Three enkephalin-immunoreactive HPLC fractions inhibited the binding of labeled naloxone to rat brain membranes. All enkephalins identified by the combined HPLC-RIA procedure had an apparent molecular weight similar to that of Met- and leu-enkephalin peptide standards. Immunocytochemistry, performed with the best-characterized Met-enkephalin antiserum used in the RIAs, localized the enkephalin-like immunoreactivity to lateral efferent fibers and terminals under inner hair cells of the organ of Corti. Other antisera raised against Met enkephalin, not used for RIA, visualized enkephalin-like immunoreactivity in medial efferent fibers under outer hair cells as well. This enkephalin-like immunoreactivity may reflect the presence in the medial efferent system of other structurally similar peptides in addition to those detected biochemically. Efferent fiber lesion, by evulsion of the vestibular nerve close to the vestibulocochlear anastomosis in which the olivocochlear fibers run, eliminated enkephalin-like immunoreactivity and the enkephalin-related peptides identified by HPLC-RIA. PMID- 6518375 TI - Information trains. The technique and its uses in spike train and network analysis, with examples taken from the nucleus parabrachialis medialis during sleep-waking states. AB - We describe an analytical procedure for assessing functional interactions between neuronal spike trains based on the outcome of cross-correlation procedures. Subsets of a reference cell spike train in a two-train recording are extracted, based on their time-locked relationship to spikes in the dependent train. Such timing relationships comprise the significant primary structures in the cross correlogram. Different subsets can be extracted for different primary structures in the same correlogram (i.e. a subset responsible for an interaction effect, a subset responsible for a shared input effect, etc.). These new spike trains represent an information transfer process across synapses. These 'information trains' may be compared and correlated to different cells of the network across different functional conditions such as sleep-waking states, and may also be subjected to conventional spike train analysis techniques such as rate histogram, auto-correlation and cross-correlation procedures. We illustrate the information train procedures with a network analysis of a set of cells recorded in the nucleus parabrachialis medialis during different sleep-waking states. PMID- 6518377 TI - An electron microscopic study of the cerebellorubral connections after neonatal lesions in the sensorimotor and adjacent cortex in the albino rat. AB - After a single right deep cerebellar nuclear (DCN) lesion in the dentate and adjacent interposed nuclei in adult rats, most degenerating cerebellorubral terminals in the rostral parvicellular portion of the contralateral red nucleus make contact with medium-sized and large dendrites. A few of them make contact with small dendrites, somata and other axonal terminals. The degenerating axons and terminals show the dense type of reaction. After left neonatal sensorimotor and adjacent cortical lesions followed by a right DCN lesion 2-10 months later, the pattern of most synaptic contacts resembles that in normal adult rats receiving only DCN lesions. There are, however, noteworthy differences. The incidence of axodendritic contact on dendritic spines is greatly increased. There is also an increase in the incidence of two terminals in close proximity and in contact with other neuronal profiles, and of one terminal in contact with more than one dendritic profile. The incidence of axodendritic contact on medium-sized and large dendrites is slightly reduced. The possibility of a taking over of cerebrocorticorubral projections by cerebellorubral fibers and of axonal and dendritic sprouting is suggested. In animals receiving double lesions, the filamentous type of degeneration could be seen. Degenerating dendrites occur in animals receiving single or double lesions. PMID- 6518376 TI - Qualitative discrimination of gustatory stimuli in three different strains of mice. AB - Qualitative similarities and differences among various taste stimuli were examined by comparing the generalization patterns of a conditioned aversion from single chemicals to other compounds in 3 different strains of mice (BALB, C3H and C57BL mice). It was observed as a common characteristic in all 3 strains of mice that generalization gradients among sugars and saccharin Na appeared in the order sucrose--saccharin Na--fructose--glucose--maltose, in which the closer stimuli generalized more strongly to each other. Strain differences were found in sensitivities to D-phenylalanine and L-proline, which generalized to sugars and saccharin Na in C57BL mice, but not in BALB and C3H mice. These strain differences correspond quite well to those previously observed in the responses of single chorda tympani fibers to these amino acids in the 3 strains of mice. A hierarchical cluster analysis and a multidimensional scaling analysis showed that 15 compounds including the 4 basic taste stimuli (sucrose, NaCl, HCl and quinine HCl) were classified into 7 different groups according to their behavioral similarities and some amino acids were not grouped with any of the 4 basic taste stimuli in the 3 strains of mice. These results suggest the possibility that mice perceive tastes of these amino acids in a way different from human taste primaries. PMID- 6518378 TI - The effect of metabolic acidosis upon autoregulation of cerebral blood flow in newborn dogs. AB - The radioactive microsphere technique was used in 13 newborn dogs to determine the effect of a metabolic (lactic)acidosis upon cardiac output (CO), cerebral blood flow (CBF), and autoregulation of cerebral blood flow. The animals were mechanically ventilated with supplemental oxygen to ensure normocarbia and hyperoxia throughout the experiments. Baseline cardiac output and cerebral blood flow measurements were made, followed by a lactic acid infusion to maintain pH less than 7.25. Metabolic acidosis produced a 27% fall in cardiac output and no change in cerebral blood flow (19 ml/100 g/min). Autoregulation was tested in 6 of the acidemic puppies by acute volume depletion to reduce blood pressure by 30% of baseline, followed by rapid volume re-expansion of the withdrawn blood. With volume depletion, CO decreased by 38%, and with volume re-expansion CO returned to baseline. The CBF remained at baseline levels with volume depletion but was slightly increased after rapid volume re-expansion. Five acidemic controls maintained CO and CBF constant with time. Thus cerebral autoregulation is preserved in the newborn dogs during metabolic acidosis, although cerebral blood flow was slightly increased following volume re-expansion. PMID- 6518379 TI - Enteric receptors for 5-hydroxytryptamine. AB - [3H]5-hydroxytryptamine [( 3H]5-HT) was used as a radioligand to study enteric 5 HT receptors. Membranes were derived from preparations of longitudinal muscle with adherent myenteric plexus and of mucosa-submucosa dissected from guinea pig and rabbit small intestines. Filtration and radioautographic analyses were used. Specific [3H]5-HT binding was found in both preparations. Binding was saturable and dissociable with equilibrium dissociation constants (Kd) of 2.7 and 1.4 nM, respectively. A kinetic estimate of Kd (1.5 nM) was similar to that determined by saturation analysis and the Hill coefficient approximated unity. Ring hydroxylation of indoles was found to be a requirement for antagonism of [3H]5-HT binding. On the other hand, substitutions could be made in the aliphatic side chain of tryptamines without destroying the affinity of analogues for the binding sites. The inability of antagonists to displace [3H]5-HT indicated that the binding sites were not muscarinic or nicotinic receptors, alpha- or beta adrenoceptors, H1 or H2 histamine receptors, dopamine receptors or either the S1 or S2 types of 5-HT receptor that have been found in the brain. Frozen section dry-mount radioautography revealed the [3H]5-HT binding sites to be located in ganglia of the myenteric plexus and at the boundary between the mucosa and submucosa. The similarity between the structure-activity requirements for affinity at the [3H]5-HT binding sites and activation of neural or M receptors for 5-HT in the gut, as well as the characteristics and location of the binding sites suggests that they are enteric neural receptors for 5-HT. PMID- 6518380 TI - Tonic cervical influences on eye nystagmus following hemilabyrinthectomy: immediate and plastic effects. AB - In intact guinea pigs a passive horizontal rotation of the body about the fixed head induces compensatory ocular movements (cervico-ocular reflex). When the static neck deviation is maintained, a significant ocular displacement is observed. In acutely hemilabyrinthectomized animals, static body deviation towards the lesion side tonically alters eye nystagmus. It affects slow phase eye velocity and quick phase amplitude and frequency causing the eye to reach a less eccentric orbital position. Apart from such immediate influences, a plastic effect on eye nystagmus abatement is induced. In the animals restrained with no body-on-head deviation, abatement of nystagmus is delayed with respect to the animals restrained with 35 degrees body deviation towards the lesion side. Thus the head position signal is not only a contributing factor for the correction of postural deficits but also influences the time course of the ocular balancing process following unilateral vestibular damage. PMID- 6518381 TI - Recovery of enzyme markers for cholinergic terminals in septo-temporal regions of the hippocampus following selective fimbrial lesions in adult rats. AB - The activities of choline actyltransferase and acetylcholinesterase were determined in five consecutive septo-temporal regions of the ipsilateral and contralateral hippocampus from unlesioned controls and lesioned animals at various times following lateral, medial or complete unilateral transection of the fimbrial bundle in rats. In control animals distribution of cholinergic enzymes suggests a relatively heavier innervation of the ventral hippocampus. In lesioned animals depletion of enzyme activities in septo-temporal regions of the ipsilateral hippocampus was consonant with the known topography of cholinergic innervation of the hippocampus via the dorsal and ventral pathways. After 4 and 8 week post-lesion survival, a substantial recovery of both enzyme activities was evident following either of the lesion paradigms employed. However, the extent and the pattern of enzyme restitution depended on the type of fimbrial transection and the hippocampal region under consideration. Significant enzyme alterations were also observed in the contralateral hippocampus following all three lesion types. We interpret the lesion-induced temporal consequences in cholinergic enzymes to indicate initial degeneration and subsequent regeneration of cholinergic terminals in the hippocampus. The present findings also suggest that homologous fimbrial fibres spared by the partial lesions are responsible for the ensuing recovery. Thus, partial lesions of well-defined efferents constitute a suitable experimental paradigm to demonstrate homotypic reconstruction in the adult mammalian central nervous system. PMID- 6518382 TI - Manipulation of the amygdala noradrenergic system impairs extinction of passive avoidance. AB - In a consolidation paradigm, noradrenergic manipulation of the rat amygdala results in disruption of extinction for passive avoidance. These results are discussed in light of a recent controversy concerning the role of central norepinephrine systems in general extinction behavior. The discussion is cast primarily within the framework of rodent natural life history, the presence of innate behavioral strategies, and the organization of information processing as an integration of experiential attributes. PMID- 6518383 TI - Monocular movement of contralateral eye following cortical stimulation in the coronal sulcus of cat. AB - Monocular movements of the contralateral eye were demonstrated following the stimulation of the internal kneelike portion of the cortex in the coronal sulcus of the cat. The stimulation of this cortical area in the coronal sulcus yielded rapid medial or slightly oblique ventromedial movement of the contralateral eye. While ablation of the same cortical area produced contralateral eye shift toward the dorsolateral side and the shifted eye became uncontrollable. The results suggested that the control mechanism of eye movement involves unilateral innervation system to the contralateral side as seen in the extremities. PMID- 6518384 TI - Effects of level and summation of pain on adaptation phenomena. AB - The time course of pressure stimulus intensity adjusted by 9 human subjects to maintain a constant pain sensation at a weak, tolerable or severe level during 30 min was recorded. Significant adaptation phenomena occurred when subjects received a severe pain sensation. Summation of two pain sensations at any level did not significantly change the stimulus intensities adjusted to maintain these sensations constant. PMID- 6518385 TI - Locoweed-induced neuronal storage disease characterized by meganeurite formation. AB - Golgi staining was performed on cerebral cortex and thalamus of adult animals chronically intoxicated with an alpha-mannosidase inhibitor found in locoweed (Astragalus lentiginosus). The widespread occurrence of large, aspiny meganeurites was discovered on cortical pyramidal and thalamic principal neurons but aberrant spines and neurite growth were not observed. Ectopic neurite growth is known to be characteristic of alpha-mannosidosis of early onset in inherited and induced feline models. The absence of neuritogenesis in a storage disease known to be so characterized when induced in younger animals suggests that this unusual phenomenon is in some way linked to normal developmental processes associated with brain maturation. PMID- 6518386 TI - Cross-species septal transplants: recovery of choline acetyltransferase activity. AB - Following interruption of the fornix-fimbria pathway, hippocampal choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) activity was restored gradually by cross-species cell suspension transplants of embryonic septum. The hippocampal segment closest to the implant reached 35% of normal 17 weeks after transplantation. The overall restoration of ChAT by xenogenic cell suspension had many similarities to that reported for homogenic solid and cell suspension septal grafts. The time course of the recovery of ChAT activity was different from the time course of the ingrowth of acetylcholinesterase stained fibers reported previously. PMID- 6518387 TI - Origin and termination of dorsal raphe-median eminence projection. AB - The origin and termination of the dorsal raphe (DR)-median eminence (ME) projection were studied by combining well-limited small electrolytic lesions of different parts of the DR, the axonal degeneration and the serotonin content in the median eminence. Our results show that the rostral third of the DR is a source of serotonergic innervation to the ME and that the rest of the nucleus does not contribute to this projection. The light microscopy study revealed that degenerating fibers occupy the internal layer of the ME. These results were confirmed by electron microscopy which in addition showed degenerating terminals. PMID- 6518388 TI - Astroglial proliferation and phenotype are modulated by neuronal plasma membrane. AB - The rate of proliferation of rat astroglia cultured in a serum-free medium, estimated by tritiated thymidine radioautography, was diminished by more than 50% by addition of rat central nervous system axolemmal fragments to the culture medium. Addition of the axolemmal fragments also induced a phenotypic alteration of the cultured astroglia, from cells of irregular shape containing a fine meshwork of intracytoplasmic glial fibrils to star-shaped cells with thicker, cable-like glial fibrils. PMID- 6518389 TI - Effect of systemically administered caerulein on dopamine metabolism in rat brain. AB - The effect of caerulein, a cholecystokinin-like peptide, on the dopamine (DA) system was examined in rat brain. Caerulein, when tested in vitro, had no significant influence on either D-1 or D-2 DA receptors. A single injection of caerulein (400 micrograms/kg, i.p.) reduced both homovanillic acid (HVA) and 3,4 dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) in the striatum. No significant change in DA metabolites was found in the other 7 areas (polar and medial fields of prefrontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, nucleus accumbens, tuberculum olfactorium, septum and amygdala). After repeated injections of caerulein (200 micrograms/kg, i.p., daily for 5 days), the decreases in striatal HVA and DOPAC had disappeared, while the amount of HVA had increased in the nucleus accumbens. These results suggest that peripherally administered caerulein modulates the nigrostriatal and mesolimbic DA neuron systems in the different modes of action. PMID- 6518390 TI - Catecholamine utilization in specific rat brain nuclei after short-term hyperprolactinaemia. AB - Endogenous hyperprolactinaemia was induced in intact male rats by transplantation of pituitaries under the kidney capsule. Five days later the utilization of noradrenaline (NA) and dopamine (DA) in individual brain nuclei and changes of plasma prolaction (PRL) were measured. Inhibition of catecholamine synthesis by alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine (alpha-MPT) was used to measure utilization. Hyperprolactinaemia increased the utilization of NA in the locus coeruleus, the cell-body region of the dorsal noradrenergic bundle (DNB), but decreased it in some terminal projections of the same pathway (e.g. the cingulate gyrus). DA utilization was increased by hyperprolactinaemia in the eminentia mediana. In the nigrostriatal DA-ergic projection, hyperprolactinaemia decreased the utilization of DA in the cell-body region (substantia nigra) and increased it in the terminal projection (nucleus caudatus). In the ventral tegmental area (mesolimbic DA-ergic projection), hyperprolactinaemia decreased the utilization of DA. It is concluded that hyperprolactinaemia affects neurotransmission in the hypothalamus and also in specific extrahypothalamic pathways (e.g. DNB, nigrostriatal and mesolimbic DA ergic projections) and that these changes may correlate with some behavioural effects of the pituitary hormone. PMID- 6518391 TI - A mechanism for the analgesic effect of neurotensin as revealed by behavioral and electrophysiological techniques. AB - Behavioral and electrophysiological techniques were used to examine the effects of local injections of neurotensin (NT) into the periaqueductal gray (PAG). The results of the behavioral experiments showed that injection of NT into the PAG produced dose-dependent analgesia that lasted for as long as 60 min and was not blocked by naloxone. However, electrolytic lesions of the nucleus raphe magnus (NRM) and its surrounding area, abolished the analgesic effect of NT. Electrophysiological experiments indicated that micro-pressure application of NT onto neurons in the PAG had a predominantly excitatory effect. Furthermore, it was shown that injection of NT into the PAG produced excitation of the NRM neurons. It is concluded that NT produces its analgesic effect by excitation of PAG neurons which leads to activation of the pain inhibitory system that originates from the NRM and its surrounding areas in the medulla. PMID- 6518392 TI - The role of the posterior hypothalamic area in the pathogenesis of hypertension in the spontaneously hypertensive rat. AB - To examine the hypothesis that abnormalities of noradrenergic innervation of hypothalamic pressor areas influence the pathogenesis of hypertension in the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR), the norepinephrine content of individual hypothalamic and brainstem nuclei was determined in SHR and control Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats at 5, 7, and 11 weeks of age. At 5 and 7 weeks of age, the norepinephrine content of the posterior hypothalamic area (PHA) of SHR was significantly greater than that of WKY controls. These changes occurred at a time when blood pressure was not significantly different between the two groups. The increase in the norepinephrine content of the PHA was accompanied by increases in the norepinephrine content of the A1 region and locus coeruleus in 5-week SHR. In seven week old animals, studies of norepinephrine turnover using alpha-methyl-p tyrosine revealed no differences between SHR and WKY in turnover in the PHA. The increase in norepinephrine content of the PHA in the absence of changes in turnover is interpreted to indicate increased noradrenergic input to the PHA of SHR and supports the hypothesis that noradrenergic pathways to the PHA are important in the development of hypertension in this model. PMID- 6518393 TI - Local cerebral glucose utilization altered in rats with unilateral electrolytic striatal lesions and modification by apomorphine. AB - Alterations in local cerebral glucose utilization (LCGU) in rats with unilateral striatal lesions and the modification by apomorphine were investigated. Electrolytic lesions were made in the rostral part of the right striatum, and 1, 7, and 30 days later, LCGU was observed in terms of relative and absolute LCGU values, using the [14C]deoxyglucose method. A definite change in the pattern of LCGU was seen only at 7 days. These were increases in LCGU in the globus pallidus, entopeduncular nucleus and substantia nigra pars reticulata, and decreases in the ventroanterior-ventrolateral (VAL) and ventromedial (VM) thalamic nuclei and lateral habenula, all on the lesioned side. The circling behavior following the lesion, however, was maximal after 2 days and disappeared after 7 days. Intravenous administration of apomorphine (1.5 mg/kg) produced different modifications in the LCGU pattern between the intact and lesioned sides, at 7 days after producing the lesions. On the intact side, there were increases in LCGU in the striatum, globus pallidus, entopeduncular nucleus, substantia nigra pars reticulata and subthalamic nucleus, and a decrease in the lateral habenula. No such changes were observed on the lesioned side. These results indicate firstly that electrolytic striatal lesions induce LCGU increases or decreases in the structures which receive the striatal input, secondly that the mechanism of this change differs from that of the circling behavior seen in case of striatal lesions, and finally that the majority of the LCGU changes in the basal ganglia and thalamus following intravenous administration of apomorphine are brought about by an altered input of neuronal activity from the striatum to these structures. PMID- 6518394 TI - Hippocampal calcium-binding protein during commissural kindling-induced epileptogenesis: progressive decline and effects of anticonvulsants. AB - Changes in hippocampal calcium-binding protein (CaBP) were examined in rats given kindling stimuli via electrodes chronically implanted in the midline commissural pathway. CaBP levels decreased progressively and were significantly lower (16.6%) than controls after only 10 kindling trials. The maximum fall (33%) was achieved prior to the production of stage 5 motor seizures and additional kindling-induced seizures produced no further decline. Induction of motor seizures with pentylenetetrazol had no effect upon hippocampal CaBP levels. Diazepam treatment during the course of kindling significantly increased the number of stimulation trials required to produce stage 5 motor seizures but did not inhibit the fall in CaBP. Diazepam treatment of fully kindled rats was effective in blocking generalized motor seizures without causing any restoration of the depleted levels of CaBP. Diphenylhydantoin was neither effective during the course of kindling nor in modifying the effect of further stimulations in fully kindled rats. These data indicate that the highly specific decrease in hippocampal CaBP, previously demonstrated to be localized to dentate granule cells and their processes following kindling-induced epilepsy, does not result from the expression of full tonic-clonic (stage 5) motor seizures. The loss of CaBP may be a biochemical factor contributing either to the predisposition of neuronal tissue to seizure activity or to a protective attempt to overcome the deleterious effect of repeated high-frequency stimulation. PMID- 6518395 TI - Interstitial nucleus of Cajal (INC) projections to the region of Probst's tract. AB - These studies were designed to investigate projections of the interstitial nucleus of Cajal (INC) to the region of the contralateral Probst's tract (PrTr). In electrophysiological experiments, INC neurons were antidromically activated from the contralateral PrTr, the medial longitudinal fasciculus (MLF) at medullary levels and the MLF at spinal cord levels. Some INC cells could be antidromically activated only from PrTr and others from both PrTr and the MLF. Anatomical experiments confirmed the existence of an INC projection into the region of the contralateral PrTr. Following injections of fluorescent dyes into the PrTr area, retrogradely labeled neurons were observed in the contralateral INC, with only occasional labeling ipsilaterally. Injections which included the medial vestibular nucleus labeled a greater number of INC cells ipsilaterally. After injections of dyes into the medullary MLF, retrogradely labeled cells were observed bilaterally in INC, although in greater numbers ipsilaterally. In experiments in which different dyes were injected into PrTr and the MLF, double labeled cells were found in the contralateral INC. PMID- 6518396 TI - A GABAergic habenulo-raphe pathway mediates both serotoninergic and hypnogenic effects of vasotocin in cats. AB - Extremely small amounts (10(-4) pg) of the pineal nonapeptide arginine vasotocin (AVT), injected into the pineal recess of freely moving cats, decreased the levels of 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid (5-HIAA) in the raphe dorsalis nucleus and induced slow wave sleep. In cats with lesions in the lateral habenula, 10(-4) pg AVT injected into the pineal recess, failed to decrease raphe dorsalis 5-HIAA levels and to induce slow wave sleep. The GABA antagonist picrotoxin (1 ng) injected into the pineal recess 15 min before the administration of AVT (10(-4) pg), completely prevented AVT from decreasing raphe dorsalis 5-HIAA levels and from inducing slow wave sleep. A highly significant correlation could be established between the decrease of raphe dorsalis 5-HIAA levels and the induction of slow wave sleep. No changes in raphe dorsalis 5-HIAA levels could be detected in cats injected with 10(-4) pg AVT into the lateral or into the fourth ventricle. Neither arginine vasopressin nor oxytocin (10(-4) pg) injected into the pineal recess, could alter raphe dorsalis 5-HIAA levels. It is concluded that AVT induces slow-wave sleep in cats by activating an inhibitory GABAergic lateral habenula-raphe dorsalis pathway. PMID- 6518397 TI - Electrophysiological evidence for central nervous connections of the pigeon's pineal gland. AB - In the pigeon, Columba livia, single unit electrical activity was recorded from 110 cells in the pineal gland. All the cells were classified according to their responses to single shock stimulation of the habenular nuclei and, of these units, 42 cells were subsequently classified according to their response following stimulation of the optic chiasma. Cells were either activated, inhibited or unaffected by the stimulus. No antidromic responses to the stimulation of either site were observed. Habenula stimulation orthodromically induced both excitatory (50% of the cells) and inhibitory (15%) responses. Approximately half the cells tested were unresponsive to stimulation of the optic chiasma, the responding units all being orthodromically excited. No evidence was found for a relationship between the pattern of response to stimulation at the two sites. The results confirm the presence of a central innervation of the pineal in pigeons but suggest that the two pathways are unlikely to converge and the majority of pineal cells do not receive inputs from both of the routes. PMID- 6518399 TI - Responsiveness of hypoglossal neurons to testosterone in pre-pubertal rats. AB - We have shown previously that administration of testosterone propionate (TP) to adult rats accelerated regeneration of the hypoglossal nerve. This study was made to determine whether TP had a similar effect in pre-pubertal rats, in order to establish the ontogeny of the responsiveness of the hypoglossal neurons to androgenic stimulation. It was found that TP significantly shortened the time course of the regeneration of the hypoglossal nerve in the 4-weeks old but not in the 2- and 3-weeks old rats; and that males of 4-weeks of age responded to TP a few days earlier than females of the same age. The possible causes of the failure of the hypoglossal neurons of younger ages to respond to TP were discussed. PMID- 6518398 TI - Phencyclidine (PCP): effects on limbic afterdischarges in the rhesus monkey. AB - Effects of phencyclidine (PCP) on eliciting afterdischarges (AD) by electrical stimulation of the hippocampus (HIPP), amygdala (AMY), thalamus (CM) and midbrain reticular formation (MRF) were studied in rhesus monkeys with permanently implanted encephalic electrodes. Prior to drug administration, the minimal amount of electrical stimulation for eliciting AD, i.e., minimal AD's stimulation (MADS), was determined for each stimulation site and employed as a parameter for evaluating the effects of PCP on AD. Following PCP administration (0.5 mg/kg IM), marked increases (130 to 240% above the control level) in MADS of the HIPP, AMY and MRF were demonstrated, while only slight increase (+40%) in MADS of the CM was found. These results suggest that PCP causes a marked decrement in the ability of electrical stimulation to elicit AD in the HIPP, AMY and MRF, along with only little similar stimulation effects in the CM. This selective increase in MADS in structures of the limbic system and the midbrain reticular formation tends to implicate these systems rather than the thalamocortical system in the modulation of PCP's effects on central nervous system activities. PMID- 6518400 TI - Effects of oxytocin and vasopressin on thoracic sympathetic preganglionic neurones in the cat. AB - When applied by iontophoresis onto single sympathetic preganglionic neurones in the intermediolateral nucleus of segments T1-T3 in the cat, oxytocin and vasopressin each had an excitatory effect. This effect consisted of a prolonged (30-300 sec) after-discharge following termination of application. These results indicate that oxytocin and vasopressin each exert excitatory effects on sympathetic preganglionic neurones and support the possibility that they may be chemical mediators of synaptic transmission in the intermediolateral nucleus, perhaps in cardioacceleratory and/or pressor pathways descending from the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus. PMID- 6518401 TI - Energy relationships in growing chickens given daily injections of corticosterone. AB - The energetic efficiency of growing chickens given daily injections of corticosterone was investigated by measuring metabolic activity and energy balance. Water consumption increased significantly within the first day of treatment; food consumption increased by the third day of treatment. Growth rate, which was suppressed during the first two days, returned to normal by the third day of treatment. Excreted water, dry matter and uric acid increased within the first day of treatment. Heat production was not changed by treatment; however, the CO2:O2 respiratory ratio (RQ) was increased by the third day and exceeded 1.0 on days 4 and 5 of treatment. Leg muscle weight was decreased and abdominal fat and liver weight were increased by corticosterone treatment. Balance data indicated that energy absorption efficiency was decreased and energy retention efficiency was increased by corticosterone treatment, confirming the RQ and carcase findings that greater amounts of energy were stored as fat. PMID- 6518402 TI - Behavioural estimates of auditory thresholds in hens. AB - Six hens were trained in a trial-by-trial auditory discrimination in which trials were signalled by the lighting of two key lights. Correct responses (left-key pecks when a tone was presented and right-key pecks when it was not) produced intermittent deliveries of food. Following training at one tone frequency and intensity, testing sessions at lower intensities were carried out. Training and testing were repeated for 10 frequencies between 260 Hz and 8000 Hz. Derived measures of detection performance allowed estimates of the intensities at which no discrimination would have occurred. The threshold measures are presented and suggest that the range of most sensitive hearing was between 3000 and 5000 Hz. PMID- 6518403 TI - Influence of substitution method and of food intake on bioassays to determine metabolisable energy with chickens. AB - Several different methods of assaying the metabolisable energy (ME) of ground maize and a maize and glucose mixture were studied. Over a 24-h period fasted cockerels lost more energy and nitrogen in their excreta than those fed 15 g maize and 15 g glucose monohydrate. Discrepancies in ME values of maize were found between 1) Hill's method (substitution for glucose) and 2) Sibbald's method (the difference between energy ingested and excreted, corrected for endogenous losses by a comparison with fasted controls). These discrepancies were attributed to differences in endogenous energy losses between fed and fasted birds and interactions between the test substance and reference diet. No significant differences could be detected when substitution for glucose was compared to substitution for the entire diet in three experiments. Significant differences in the ME of maize because of the composition of the basal diet were found (semi purified:practical; 17.20: 14.56 kJ/g; and 50 g/kg added fat: 100 g/kg added fat; 15.94: 16.69 kJ/g). Food intakes equal to 70, 60 or 30% of ad libitum did not affect the ME of maize when the substitution for glucose method was used. It is concluded that basal diets for ME determinations should be carefully selected because of possible interactions between dietary components. When ME is determined by feeding small amounts of the test material, endogenous losses may be over-estimated because the control birds are in a different physiological state (fasted). PMID- 6518404 TI - Comparison of dietary hydrated copper sulphate, dietary zinc oxide and a direct method for inducing a moult in laying hens. AB - The experiment lasted for seven 28-d periods. Laying hens of two breeds were allocated to 10 treatments. For the first 28-d period all birds were offered the control diet and then the following dietary treatments applied: a control group not moulted, one group moulted traditionally, 4 groups moulted using CuSO4- and 4 using ZnO-containing diets. After the moulting treatments the hens were offered the control diet for the remainder of period 2 and for a further five 28-d periods. The treatments applied during period 2 significantly reduced food intake, body weight, egg number, total egg weight and efficiency of food conversion. On returning to the control diet, there were no significant differences in cumulative food intake (periods 3 to 7). Body weight had returned to the same value as the control group by the end of period 3. Dietary treatments significantly reduced the efficiency of food utilisation during periods 3 to 7 and 1 to 7 inclusive. For periods 1 to 7 inclusive the birds force-moulted using CuSO4 and ZnO gave on average greater egg numbers and total egg weights than those moulted traditionally. The Haugh unit score was significantly improved after moulting. Egg Zn concentrations were increased by the 14-d ZnO treatments. The use of a diet containing CuSO4 (2 g added Cu/kg for 7 d) was as effective as one containing ZnO (20 g added Zn/kg for 14 d) and both were superior to a traditional force-moulting technique. PMID- 6518405 TI - Studies on the action of pectin in depressing the growth of chicks. AB - Citrus pectin (40 g/kg diet) significantly depressed weight gain and food utilisation when fed to young chicks. This effect was not associated with pathological manifestations or signs of deficiency. Feeding pectin at 40 g/kg diet did not affect the retention of energy, nitrogen, lipids or calcium, but decreased serum and liver total cholesterol and altered the glucose tolerance of chicks by retarding clearance of ingested glucose from blood. Supplementation of the pectin-containing diet with penicillin (70 mg/kg), with selected essential elements and vitamins, or increasing the energy density of the diet had no ameliorating effect on the depressed growth. Pair-feeding showed that pectin depressed food intake, reduced carcase lipid content and increased carcase moisture content. PMID- 6518406 TI - Energy and nitrogen metabolism of broilers selected over ten generations for increased growth rate, food consumption and conversion of food to gain. AB - Energy and nitrogen (N) metabolism were studied in 6-week-old male birds taken from 4 lines of chickens selected for 10 generations for increased weight gain (line W), increased food consumption (line F), increased conversion of food to gain (line E) or at random (controls, line C). Calorimetric measurements were made 8 times on each line while fed ad libitum in large open-circuit respiration chambers for 3 d, and 11 to 13 times without food in smaller closed-circuit respiration chambers for 24 h. The F line ate 60% more food, produced 90% more excreta and 34% more heat and retained 80% more energy and 35% more N in their bodies than lines E and C. Line W was intermediate. When differences in body weight were taken into account, the E and W lines had lower heat production than the C line, while the F line ate 40% more food, produced 30% more heat and retained 70% more energy and 30% more N than the E line. In lines W, F, E and C respectively, the mean metabolisability of dietary energy (%) was 69.4, 62.9, 70.1 and 67.8; the fasting heat production (mean +/- SE) was 481 +/- 9, 569 +/- 10, 485 +/- 9, and 508 +/- 9 kJ/kgW d; the net availability of metabolisable energy (NAME) was 0.68 +/- 0.05, 0.76 +/- 0.04, 0.85 +/- 0.06 and 0.73 +/- 0.04; the estimated daily maintenance energy requirements were 671 +/- 15,866 +/- 14,701 +/- 13, and 742 +/- 11 kJ ME/kgW; and the proportion of N retained per unit increase in N intake was 0.38 +/- 0.08, 0.50 +/- 0.06, 0.56 +/- 0.10 and 0.53 +/- 0.06. The contribution of line differences in the above traits to large line differences in efficiency of food utilisation is discussed. PMID- 6518407 TI - Lack of influence of pullet rearing conditions on the hen's performance. AB - The influence of three aspects of the rearing conditions of pullets on their performance as adults was investigated. The rearing conditions investigated were early acquaintance between birds, group size and stocking density. The production characteristics measured were laying performance, feathering and foot condition. No significant effect of rearing condition on the characteristics measured was found. PMID- 6518408 TI - Comparative study of the effects of various cryoprotectants in preserving the morphology of frozen and thawed fowl spermatozoa. AB - The effects of various cryoprotectants (glycerol, dimethylsulphoxide (DMSO), methylformamide and ethylene glycol) of the same molarity on preserving the morphology of frozen and thawed fowl spermatozoa (especially midpiece and acrosome) were examined under the light (LM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) to determine the most suitable. Under LM, the mean respective increases in sperm deformity in semen diluted with ethylene glycol, methylformamide, glycerol and DMSO were 4.5, 4.9, 5.0 and 6.5 percentage points. Under SEM, the mean respective increases in acrosomal deterioration in semen diluted with glycerol, ethylene glycol, DMSO and methylformamide were 6.6, 8.8, 13.1 and 31.2 percentage points. From these results, it appears that glycerol is superior to ethylene glycol DMSO and methylformamide as a cryoprotectant. PMID- 6518409 TI - Development of divergent lines of lean and fat broilers using plasma very low density lipoprotein concentration as selection criterion: the first three generations. AB - Male and female broilers of a pure line were selected over three generations on the basis of high or low plasma very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) concentration at 7 weeks of age. Heritability of plasma VLDL was high (h2 = 0.50 +/- 0.08) and by the third generation mean values in the two lines differed by a factor of 2.5. Correlated responses to selection for low plasma VLDL included a relative decrease in abdominal fat and total body lipid and an increase in body protein, together with improvements in the conversion efficiencies of food and dietary protein. There was no difference between the lines in 7-week body weight. PMID- 6518410 TI - Effect of semen storage time and number of spermatozoa inseminated on the fertility and hatchability of eggs from dwarf broiler breeder hens. AB - Semen from commercial breeder males was diluted two-fold and stored for 6 and 24 h at 2 to 3 degrees C. For each storage period, groups of caged dwarf broiler breeder hens from the same strain were inseminated with 300, 200 or 100 x 10(6) spermatozoa. Three replicates of 15 birds were inseminated per treatment. Control hens were inseminated with 150 x 10(6) fresh, undiluted spermatozoa. Inseminations were performed for 5 consecutive weeks during a first (32 to 36 weeks of age) and for 6 consecutive weeks during a second experimental period (42 to 47 weeks). During weeks 33 to 36 of the first period, only 24 h storage and 100 x 10(6) spermatozoa produced lower (P less than 0.05) hatchability of all eggs set than the control (84.4 compared to 88.6%). During weeks 43 to 47 of the second period, no significant differences between treatments were observed. Embryonic mortality, measured at different periods during incubation, was not affected by the storage time or the number of spermatozoa inseminated. PMID- 6518411 TI - Changes in the plasma concentration of immunoreactive arginine vasotocin during oviposition in the domestic fowl. AB - The plasma concentrations of immunoreactive arginine vasotocin (AVT) were measured during oviposition and shortly before ovulation of the first egg (Cl) of a clutch. Immunoreactive AVT was determined on bentonite extracts of 0.5 ml plasma samples using the method of Rosenbloom and Fisher (1974). The R-70 antiserum used to measure AVT cross reacted with arginine vasopressin (AVP), however the fowl pituitary does not synthesise AVP. Over a period of 10 to 90 min before oviposition the plasma AVT concentration was about 20 pg/ml; during oviposition it increased four-fold. Measurements made at frequent intervals showed that plasma AVT concentration increased 5 to 6 min before oviposition, reached a peak during oviposition itself and decreased rapidly in the following 5 to 6 min. The surge in plasma AVT occurred on average 48 min before Cl ovulation. PMID- 6518413 TI - The method used in purification of nuclei from three variant cell lines of the Shionogi mouse mammary carcinoma alters their uptake of dihydrotestosterone. AB - Modifications of three isolation methods were used to purify nuclei from an androgen-dependent cell line (AD) and two androgen-independent cell lines (AI1 and AI2) of the Shionogi mouse mammary carcinoma. Yields of nuclei, contamination of the nuclei by whole cells, monitoring of cytoplasmic tags by phase-contrast microscopy, and biochemical analyses were used to compare the methods. Purification with the cationic detergent cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) resulted in greater yields of nuclei than purification of nuclei using Triton N-101. Purification by glycerol loading followed by hypotonic shock, although resulting in somewhat less whole cell contamination of the nuclei, yielded fewer nuclei per gram wet weight starting tissue. Phase-contrast microscopy showed the relative absence of cytoplasmic tags when nuclei were prepared by either the Triton N-101 or CPC methods. However, the yield of protein per nucleus was less when nuclei were prepared using CPC. Androgen uptake by nuclei of three cell lines was markedly reduced in those nuclei prepared by the CPC method as compared with those prepared by the Triton N-101 method. In the case of the AD tumour cell line nuclei prepared by the CPC method, both the affinity of the nuclei for dihydrotestosterone and the number of uptake sites were reduced when compared with AD tumour cell line nuclei prepared by the modified Triton N-101 method. PMID- 6518412 TI - Evaluation of the fatty acid selectivity of a phosphatidylinositol-specific cytosolic phospholipase C from pig and human platelets. AB - The fatty acid selectivity of cytosolic phospholipase C (phosphatidylinositol phosphodiesterase) from pig and human platelets towards phosphatidylinositol was evaluated. For this purpose, the relative conversion of rat liver phosphatidylinositol (enriched in stearate and arachidonate) and sheep liver phosphatidylinositol (enriched in stearate plus oleate and containing linoleate and arachidonate) was compared and, in addition, the fatty acid compositions of the diacylglycerol products were determined by gas-liquid chromatography. The cytosolic enzyme exhibited essentially complete specificity for phosphatidylinositol when choline-, ethanolamine-, serine-, or inositol containing phospholipids labelled with [14C]stearate were tested as substrates. Similar percentage conversions of rat and sheep liver phosphatidylinositols to 1,2-diacylglycerol were found with phospholipase C from either pig or human platelets. Furthermore, the newly formed diacylglycerols and the unreacted phospholipid had fatty acid compositions which were very similar to the corresponding substrates. These results suggest that the phospholipase C from isolated platelet cytosol is highly selective towards phosphatidylinositol, but not with respect to the fatty acid composition of naturally occurring phosphatidylinositol. They also suggest that any preferential release of arachidonoyl diacylglycerol in stimulated human platelets is more likely controlled by compartmentation of the corresponding phosphatidylinositol precursor within platelet membranes and its availability, rather than directly by a marked enzyme preference for arachidonate-containing species. PMID- 6518414 TI - Effects of erythropoietin on uridine metabolism in cell cultures of fetal calf liver. AB - The effect of sheep plasma erythropoietin preparations on the incorporation of [5(-3)H]uridine into erythroid cells has been studied using cells of fetal calf liver cultured in serum-free medium. The cells were incubated for 20 h with the hormone, followed by a 1-h incubation with [3H]uridine. Erythropoietin caused a 2.5-fold increase in the incorporation of uridine into cold trichloroacetic-acid insoluble cell extracts and a 70% increase in the incorporation of uridine into the cold acid-soluble cell extracts. The phosphorylated metabolites of labeled uridine present in the cold acid-soluble fraction were analyzed by anion-exchange high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Erythropoietin increased the amounts of labeled UDP and UTP per cell. However, the specific activity of UTP and the labeled amounts of UDP-glucose in erythropoietin-treated cells were not significantly different from those in control cell cultures. After chromatography of the crude erythropoietin preparations on reversed-phase and gel-permeation HPLC, there was a perfect coincidence of the fractions stimulating uridine incorporation into acid-soluble and acid-insoluble cell extracts. The protein fractions from crude erythropoietin which stimulated uridine incorporation after purification by reversed-phased HPLC were also able to stimulate globin chain synthesis in fetal calf liver cells. These experiments suggest that the multiple effects on uridine metabolism described above are due to erythropoietin, rather than other proteins contaminating the crude hormone preparations. PMID- 6518416 TI - Specific binding of cholesterol to chromatin prepared from mouse spleen cells. AB - Mouse spleen cell suspensions were incubated with tritiated cholesterol for various time intervals. The chromatin of these cells was then isolated, washed with Triton X-100, and fractionated on Sephadex columns. It was found that cholesterol binds specifically to the chromatin. The binding was saturated after 45 min of incubation and also displayed characteristics typical of dose-dependent binding. The number of cholesterol molecules bound per nucleus was estimated to be on the order of 10 000. Oxygenated sterols, such as 25-hydroxycholesterol and 7-ketocholesterol, did not compete for the binding with [3H]cholesterol if added in 20-fold molar excess to the incubation medium of the cells. Chromatographic analyses on Sephadex columns displayed a distinct peak of radioactivity. The protein-sterol complex had an apparent molecular weight of 180 000 +/- 27 000. Using extensive digestion with DNase I (EC 3.1.21.1) it could be concluded that DNA, binding to the complex, did not influence the estimate of the molecular weight, whereas digestion with pronase or treatment with sodium dodecyl sulfate destroyed the complex. Additional experiments using sucrose density gradients (5 20%) showed also, that [3H]cholesterol was bound to chromatin by one or several proteins. PMID- 6518415 TI - Instability of endothelium-bound lipoprotein lipase activity in perfused rat hearts. AB - The enzymatic activity of endothelium-bound lipoprotein lipase was measured in rat hearts perfused for 1 h at 37 degrees C. Viability parameters such as beating rate, flow rate, aortic pressure, and oxygen consumption were all kept strictly constant during the entire perfusion time. The lipase activity was determined by input-output difference of the triacylglycerol content in the nonrecirculating heart perfusate which contained either an artificial triolein emulsion or rat lymph chylomicrons. With either substrate, the lipase activity decreased with time: approximately 2% of initial lipase activity was lost per minute. The presence of rat serum (10%) in heart perfusate enhanced the rate at which the lipase activity disappeared. Only a small portion of the lipoprotein lipase activity, which was lost from the perfused heart, was recovered in the outflow perfusate. Our data demonstrate that, under our experimental conditions, the enzymatic activity of rat heart lipoprotein lipase does not remain constant during heart perfusion. Caution should therefore be taken by users of heart perfusion technique, especially for those who need constant lipoprotein lipase activity. The results suggest that the first step in the catabolic fate of endothelium-bound cardiac lipoprotein lipase is the loss of its catalytic activity. Whether the inactivated enzyme is released from the endothelium or remains in situ is not yet known. PMID- 6518417 TI - [Tachistoscopic study of hemispheric specialization in agenesis of the corpus callosum]. PMID- 6518418 TI - Orthogonality of patterns does not predict their discriminability. PMID- 6518419 TI - Perceptual flexibility: maintenance or recovery of the ability to discriminate non-native speech sounds. PMID- 6518420 TI - Lateral symmetry in the tactual perception of roughness. PMID- 6518421 TI - Monocular asymmetries in vision: a phenomenal basis for eye signature. PMID- 6518422 TI - Ubiquinone in hydrogen metabolism by Azotobacter vinelandii. AB - Extraction with n-heptane abolished over 95% of the NADH oxidase and the hydrogenase activity in membrane preparations from Azotobacter vinelandii. Incorporation of ubiquinone-8 or plastoquinone restored each reaction to about 55% of its original activity. PMID- 6518423 TI - Adaptational changes in Staphylococcus aureus MF 31 grown above its maximum growth temperature when protected by sodium chloride: lipid studies. AB - Staphylococcus aureus MF31 was grown to stationary phase in a complex medium at 30, 37, and 43 degrees C in the absence of salt and at 37 and 46 degrees C in the same medium supplemented with 1 M NaCl. The principal phospholipids were cardiolipin, phosphatidylglycerol, aminoacylphosphatidyl glycerol, mono- and di glycosyldiglyceride, and traces of phosphoglycolipid. The proportion of cardiolipin decreased with increasing growth temperature, but only slightly in the presence of 1 M NaCl, while that of aminoacylphosphatidyl glycerol was unaffected by growth temperature in absence of salt, but was about halved in the presence of 1 M NaCl. The net negative charge per mole phospholipid was greatly increased in the presence of 1 M NaCl. In the absence of salt, temperature had no effect on the total lipid content, but cells from the 46 degrees C culture in 1 M NaCl contained 25% less total lipid. The proportion of phospholipid in the total lipids, both in the absence and presence of salt, declined with increasing growth temperature. The proportion of glycolipids, however, increased with temperature both in the absence and presence of salt. It is suggested that the increase in glycolipid content and in negative charge/mole phospholipid is a part of the adaptation of S. aureus to the combination of high temperature and 1 M NaCl giving its membrane increased stability and possibly helping to exclude Cl- anion from the cell interior. PMID- 6518424 TI - The impact of head trauma on society. PMID- 6518425 TI - Saccadic intrusions and oscillations. AB - There are a number of different types of involuntary saccadic eye movements which differ from normal saccades in that they take the fovea away from its target. This article presents a classification and description of these abnormal eye movements and indicates how they may be used to increase the precision of neurologic diagnosis. PMID- 6518426 TI - Partially reversible cerebral atrophy and functional improvement in recently abstinent alcoholics. AB - 52 recently abstinent chronic alcoholics were given repeated psychological tests and 20 of these had repeated CT scans. The first scan was done within 5 weeks of the last drink. The degree of measurably reversible cerebral atrophy on CT scan correlated negatively with the interval between the last drink and the first CT scan. Significantly more reversibility of cerebral atrophy was noted in those subjects claiming interscan abstinence. There were positive correlations between functional improvement scores on neurological exam and reversible cerebral atrophy measurements. Significant improvement on psychological test performance was restricted to patients tested initially within 3 weeks of the last drink. Both the CT results and the psychological test results suggest that reversible changes occur soon after the cessation of drinking. PMID- 6518427 TI - Pharmacological modification of blood-brain barrier permeability following a cold lesion. AB - The effect of desipramine, imidazole, thioridazine and trifluoperazine on blood brain barrier (BBB) permeability after a 24 hour cold lesion was studied in rats. Changes in BBB permeability were determined using a quantitative horseradish peroxidase (HRP) assay. The four drugs tested did not alter the quantity of HRP in the cortex of control animals, or in the contralateral cortex of test animals. However, imidazole, desipramine and trifluoperazine significantly reduced the HRP extravasation in and around the cold lesion. Several mechanisms for this effect are suggested; one possible mechanism common to all these drugs is the reduction of increased vesicular transport in cortical vessels adjacent to the cold lesions. PMID- 6518428 TI - Bromocriptine in the management of end of dose deterioration in Parkinson's disease. AB - Thirty-three patients with advanced Parkinson's disease complicated by end of dose deterioration were treated with bromocriptine. The drug was slowly increased so that by treatment week 24 the mean daily dose of bromocriptine was 22mg and levodopa had been decreased by an average of 15 percent. The majority of improvement in daily fluctuations and Parkinsonian disability score was documented by 8 weeks, at which time the mean daily bromocriptine dose was only 12mg. End of dose deterioration was reduced in 78 percent of the patients (mean 43% improvement). Total Parkinsonian disability score was decreased by 33 percent. Adverse effects were minimal; the most common was mild transient early treatment nausea which occurred in 15 percent of the patients. The slow introduction of small doses of bromocriptine, combined with minimal levodopa reduction, can give Parkinsonian patients significant improvement in end of dose deterioration. PMID- 6518429 TI - Third ventricle choroid plexus carcinoma. AB - Benign and malignant tumors of the choroid plexus in infancy are extremely uncommon. Diagnosis and management of a malignant tumor is described and the literature survey of the problem is presented. PMID- 6518430 TI - Aneurysmal bone cyst of the skull. AB - Aneurysmal bone cysts rarely affect the skull. Thirty-six cases including four reported in this paper are reviewed. The condition usually affects children and young adults and progresses rapidly. It may result in raised intracranial or intraorbital pressure. Complete excision of the mass is the treatment of choice, but if not feasible curettage followed by low dose radiotherapy is effective. As the prognosis in this condition is good, prompt diagnosis and early treatment are of utmost importance. PMID- 6518431 TI - Visual loss secondary to a giant aneurysm in a patient with tuberous sclerosis. AB - We report a fifty three year old man who presented with progressive visual loss. Investigation disclosed a giant aneurysm with optic nerve compression, which was successfully treated surgically. The patient had typical skin lesions of tuberous sclerosis, but did not suffer from a seizure disorder or mental retardation. In the past he had had an enucleation for glaucoma secondary to a retinal phakoma. Cerebral aneurysms are discussed in relation to the tuberous sclerosis disease process. After review of the literature, we propose that the aneurysms are secondary to dysplastic change in the vessel walls, this is in keeping with the abnormal tissue proliferations in this disease. PMID- 6518432 TI - Astrocytoma following scalp radiotherapy in infancy. AB - A 24 year old woman with a 15 year history of intractable seizures underwent resection of a small low grade astrocytoma of the right mesial frontal lobe. The tumor arose beneath a benign scalp nevus that had been treated in infancy with radium patches and focal x-irradiation. Neuropathological changes within the tumor were compatible with radiation injury. Meningiomas and sarcomas complicate cranial irradiation but the evidence that gliomas do so is less convincing. Our observations support an association between radiation exposure and the subsequent development of glial tumors. PMID- 6518433 TI - New intraventricular catheter for volume pressure response measurements. AB - Measurements of the volume-pressure response (VPR) to determine the relative position of a patient on the graphic volume-pressure curve have been used to derive clinically useful information. One reason that these measurements have not been used more frequently has been the fear of introducing infection into the ventricular system. We have designed an intraventricular catheter that allows repeated VPR measurements and reduces the risk of infection. PMID- 6518434 TI - Presidential address. Evaluation of our patients; our pupils; and ourselves. PMID- 6518435 TI - The behavioural sciences and undergraduate education in psychiatry. AB - The Behavioural Sciences are becoming increasingly important in medical education and in medical treatment. But medical students and the profession generally, appear to have difficulty accepting behavioural sciences as a valid part of the curriculum and in the practice of medicine. One of the reasons for this may be related to a narrow definition of the physician's social role in the years following the adoption of the Flexner Report in 1911 which emphasized the model of the physician/scientist. The perennial model of the physician occupying a social role in which science is used to increase and rationalize responsiveness to suffering has been eroded in favour of the pursuit of the scientific as the essential goal of medicine. The newer, "softer", sciences of anthropology, ecology, economics, psychology and sociology have not fitted into the professional self-perception of the medical role. Furthermore, some departments of behavioural science have adopted an intellectual stance at times antagonistic to the rest of the medical school emphasizing the shortcomings of the profession in its delivery of health care. The aspirant medical student may have been disaffected by teachers who do not embody acceptable role models. Students should receive specific instructions in the social role of the physician, physicians should be actively involved in teaching the behavioral sciences and the curriculum should at all times emphasize the relevance of the behavioural sciences to the daily practice of medicine. PMID- 6518436 TI - The Clarke Institute experience with electroconvulsive therapy: I. Development of a clinical audit procedure. AB - Over the past forty-five years, there has been a progressive refinement of the standards of practice of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). The need to review contemporary practice patterns to maintain and further improve those standards is discussed. In this context, the respective roles of medical audits and surveys of practice are described and the methodology of recent surveys critically examined. A procedure for the collection of reliable and complete data on the more than 22,000 treatments administered at one psychiatric hospital is described as the essential element of both an accurate survey of practice and a clinical audit. The audit is designed to retrospectively review and prospectively monitor the practice of ECT to identify the areas of conformity with and divergence from current standards of practice. it is recommended that this kind of audit procedure be an integral part of the present day administration of ECT. It is also suggested as a paradigm for hospital practice auditing with potential application to other specific treatments. PMID- 6518437 TI - The Clarke Institute experience with electroconvulsive therapy: II. Treatment evaluation and standards of practice. AB - Contemporary standards of practice of electroconvulsive therapy with respect to the treatment procedure, clinical indications, and dosage (number of treatments per course) are summarized. The actual clinical practice at one psychiatric hospital over a 16-year period, comprising 22,647 treatments, was compared to those standards. The most significant findings in this series were the over representation of patients with a diagnosis of schizophrenia and the absence of any clinically significant difference in the treatment dosage for schizophrenia and affective disorders. The significance of these findings is discussed with respect to their identification of patient subgroups that warrant case auditing. In addition, the results are used as a basis for a critical examination of the rationale for the presently recommended maximum treatment dosages. PMID- 6518438 TI - The teaching of psychotherapy in Canadian psychiatric residency programs: residents' perceptions. AB - In order to determine the residents' perceptions toward their psychotherapy training, a questionnaire was distributed to 400 residents in the 16 Canadian psychiatric residency programs. The main areas studied were: the resident's demographic and educational characteristics; the residency program characteristics; the type of training available in different psychotherapeutic modalities; the analysis of quality and quantity of attention given to different elements of psychotherapy supervision (patient assessment, diagnostic formulation of treatment approach and goals); the degree of importance attributed by the residents to the above mentioned elements of psychotherapy supervision; and the residents' perception of their supervisor's attributes (examples: teaching ability and rapport). Forty-two percent of the residents completed the questionnaire. Residents mentioned that the most adequate supervision was for long-term individual psychotherapy cases and that behavioral and group therapy supervision was the least adequate. The three most essential qualities in a supervisor's profile were judged to be: capacity for the development of a good rapport with the trainee; ability to pinpoint residents' psychotherapy shortcomings and his willingness to help residents to overcome them; ability to teach. Three factors that significantly influenced the trainees perception of their psychotherapy training were: resident's age, a seminar in individual psychotherapy in the residency core program; having received more than one hour weekly of psychotherapy supervision. The understanding of patient's psychodynamics was the most adequately taught element during psychotherapy supervision. PMID- 6518439 TI - Forensic psychiatric assessments in the Northwest territories. AB - This paper is an analysis of the psychosocial and forensic factors leading to legal referrals to a northern mental health service. It was found, not surprisingly, that most criminal acts were associated with alcoholism, personality disorders, and low socioeconomic status. Young native males figured prominently in both violent and property crimes. Rape offenses and major psychopathology appeared to be more common among Inuit referrals. The influence of rapid culture change and psychosocial and biologic predisposition to the deleterious effects of alcohol were considered relevant criminogenic factors. It was also felt that the high Inuit referral rate might have been related to their willingness to accept consultation and discuss symptoms of mental illness. PMID- 6518440 TI - [Retrospective study of mental patients who have committed criminal acts]. AB - The study presented here aims to gather descriptive information which would be useful to the development of research hypotheses, policies, and treatment programmes for persons suffering from mental illness who commit crimes. The project tracked a cohort of 225 persons for the seven to nine years after they had been judged unfit to stand trail or not guilty by reason of insanity. A comparison is made here between the cases treated in a maximum security hospital and those treated in other hospitals. The population studied is characterised principally by its misery. The majority are individuals who have been diagnosed as psychotic, who have few, if any, personal or social resources and who live on the edge of society. Thirty-six percent of these cases were treated in a security hospital. Of all the variables studied, only a few distinguished these cases: the place and type of crime of which they were initially accused, the length of out patient treatment, the type of residence once released from hospital, and the occupation. Questions are raised with respect to appropriate treatments for such persons. PMID- 6518441 TI - Recruitment into psychiatry: a study of the timing and process of choosing psychiatry as a career. AB - This is a study of the timing and process of choosing psychiatry as a career. All the psychiatric residents in the Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto in the academic year 1981-1982 were surveyed. Seventy-eight percent (93 residents) responded. We found that 58.1% had decided to enter psychiatry after graduation from medical school. Of the total group 27% came from family practice programs; 14% of our sample had decided on a career in psychiatry before entering medical school. In our study, 27.9% of the sample decided to choose psychiatry during medical school. The factors which appear influential in determining the choice of psychiatry as a career were interest in psychosocial problems, rejection of other specialties, discovery of prevalence of psychosocial problems in family medicine and other specialties, discovery of effectiveness of psychiatric therapies and the experience of personal psychiatric therapy (23.6%). There is a suggestion that the previous decline in recruitment has been checked and that recruitment is now increasing. The authors discuss recruitment strategies that may increase the selection of the most desirable candidates into psychiatry. If undergraduate teaching emphasized the effectiveness of therapeutic intervention, it is probable that more interested candidates would choose psychiatry earlier. PMID- 6518442 TI - Criteria for selecting residents: a reassessment. AB - A questionnaire was distributed to the 16 directors of psychiatry residency programs and to 199 psychiatry residents in Canada. Both groups were asked to assess the importance of 32 criteria for selecting residents on a scale of 1 to 5, and to rank order 8 selection criteria. Our results confirmed previous investigators' findings that the personal interview and letters of recommendation are the most valued tools. Yet neither have been demonstrated to have predictive value. This lack of predictive value is discussed in the context of research into improving resident selection techniques. A multi-centre study of resident selection is proposed. PMID- 6518443 TI - Boom town mental health. AB - Population surveys were conducted, examining nonpsychotic psychiatric symptoms, life events, and problems in community living in Primrose, a community experiencing rapid growth in anticipation of the construction of a heavy oil extraction plant, and in Wolf Creek, a stable rural town. Psychiatric symptom levels were lower in the boom town than in Wolf Creek, but the Primrose symptom levels were comparable to those in Saskatchewan. More life events were experienced by Primrose residents who, despite lower symptom levels, had seen their physician more often for minor illnesses. The complaints about living in the town of Primrose matched those of boom town residents from elsewhere. There was no evidence to support the popular view that living in a boom town creates more nonpsychotic psychiatric symptomatology. The higher proportion of the boom town population using physician services for minor illnesses, the higher level of life events reported, and the high frequency of reported problems for families living in the boom town support suggestions that stress is associated with these conditions. PMID- 6518444 TI - Opinions on the role of the internship in psychiatric postgraduate education. AB - Presently in Canada the value of the straight internship in psychiatry and the need for a mandatory rotation in psychiatry during a rotating internship are sources of active debate between the licensing bodies and psychiatric programs and organizations. The importance of the internship as it pertains to the total psychiatric education process has been discussed in a number of research articles from the United States. The conclusions from these studies range from recommendations that rotating internships be discontinued because they may cause empathic blunting among trainees, to strong endorsements of its necessity. The present study examined residents' and residency directors' views of the types of internships in Canada. One hundred and ninety-nine residents and thirteen residency directors completed a questionnaire in 1980. The majority of residents (74.3%) and residency directors (77%) felt that the rotating-mixed internship should be a requirement prior to taking post-graduate training in psychiatry. Most also felt that this type of internship should contain a mandatory one to two months psychiatry rotation. Opinions on the value of the straight internship in psychiatry were mixed for both residents and residency directors. Statistical analyses were carried out comparing the opinions of residents having had a rotating internship versus those having had a straight internship: foreign medical graduates (FMG's) versus Canadian medical graduates (CMG's); and male versus female. As would be expected, the residents who had previously completed a straight internship favoured this type of internship and were more critical of the rotating type.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6518445 TI - Clonidine in a case of atypical tic disorder. AB - Clonidine hydrochloride was more effective than placebo in the treatment of an atypical tic disorder (1) in a single case study using an A-B-A design. Furthermore, the effect was confined to a narrow dose range. PMID- 6518446 TI - The re-establishment of trust through psychotherapy. PMID- 6518447 TI - Investigation on the carcinogenicity of emission condensate from brown coal-fired residential furnaces applied to mouse skin. AB - Flue gas condensate emitted from brown coal-fired stoves was tested in 3 dosages applied chronically to the skin of female CFLP mice twice a week over a period of 104 weeks. To answer the question which portion of the total carcinogenicity results from benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), this compound was taken as reference substance. The probit and Weibull analysis of the results showed a linear dose response relationship for both tumor incidences and tumor induction times. The amount of BaP in the emission condensate (0.593 mg/g condensate) contributes about 15% to the total carcinogenic effect of the brown coal flue gas condensate. PMID- 6518449 TI - Spontaneous polyposis in the small intestine of germ-free and conventionalized BALB/c mice. AB - The spontaneous polyposis in the small intestine of germfree (Gf) and conventionalized (Cv) BALB/c mice was studied. Gf mice were bred in our laboratory and maintained Gf in vinyl isolators. The first generation offspring of the Cv mice derived from the Gf mice was used as Cv animals. When they were 12 months old, the animals were killed under CO2 inhalation and autopsied carefully for the number and size of polyps with the aid of a dissecting microscope. The incidence of polyposis was higher in the Gf mice (68% in female and 89% in male) than in the Cv mice (37% in female and 51% in male). The number of polyps/mouse was also higher in the Gf mice (2.3 in female and 5.7 in male) than in the Cv mice (0.8 in female and 1.3 in male). All of the polyps were histopathologically adenomatous and developed only in the upper part (mainly duodenum) of the small intestine. The present study demonstrated that development of polyposis in the small intestine of BALB/c mice was suppressed by the presence of intestinal microflora. PMID- 6518448 TI - Induction of single-strand breaks in DNA of mice after inhalation of vinyl chloride. AB - Female mice were exposed to 500 ppm vinyl chloride (VC) for 6 h/day 5 days/week for 1-8 weeks. Groups of mice were killed at different times during this period. DNA damage, expressed as single-strand breaks (SSB), was studied in liver, kidneys, lungs, spleen and brain. The level of SSB increased in liver, kidneys, spleen and lungs with time of exposure and reached a plateau for kidneys and lungs after 80 and 120 h of exposure. In spleen there was only a slight increase in the SSB, and in brain no detectable increase was found. PMID- 6518450 TI - The mitochondrial genetic system as a target for chemotherapy: tetracyclines as cytostatics. AB - The mitochondrial genetic system is indispensable for the biosynthesis of the enzyme complexes involved in aerobic energy generation. Tetracyclines inhibit the expression of only the mitochondrial genes because they specifically block mitochondrial protein synthesis. A salient feature is that this inhibition occurs at the low concentration required for anti-bacterial treatment, provided that this concentration is maintained continuously. Evidence is presented that the growth of carcinogen-induced tumors can be inhibited by tetracyclines. It is further shown that the development in the cheek pouch of the Syrian hamster of a transplantable hypernephroma from human origin can be strongly retarded by tetracyclines as well. Therefore, the mitochondrial genetic system has to be reckoned as a target for chemotherapy and tetracyclines as cytostatic agents. PMID- 6518451 TI - Inhibition of human breast cancer cells by selenium. AB - The viability of human breast cancer cells (cell lines MCF-7 and MDA-MB 231) was inhibited in vitro in a dose-dependent manner by selenium supplementation. However, a normal diploid human cell line (MRC-5) was relatively resistant to selenium supplementation. The presence of selenium as Na2SeO3 at 1.1 X 10(-6) M reduced cancer cell viability by approximately 50%, whereas non-cancerous cells were not affected. Parenteral administration of sodium selenite also significantly inhibited the growth of the cancerous cell lines transplanted into nude mice. Selenium administration at 0.8 micrograms/g body wt resulted in an 80 93% reduction in the rate of tumor growth without apparent ill effects on the host. PMID- 6518452 TI - The influence of ethanol on synthesis of N-nitrosodimethylamine in vivo and in vitro. AB - The yield of N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) has been studied in the nitrosation reaction in the presence or in the absence of ethanol. In the experiments in vivo the mice underwent intragastric administration of amidopyrin and sodium nitrite, and in the experiments in vitro dimethylamine (DMA) and sodium nitrite were used. It has been established that both in vivo (in the stomach of mice) and in vitro (in the medium of pure reagents and human gastric juice) ethanol inhibited the reaction of nitrosation by amines in acid media, thus decreasing the yield of NDMA. PMID- 6518453 TI - Stem cell carcinoma in the small intestine of mice treated transplacentally with N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea: some quantitative and histological aspects. AB - A high incidence of tumours of the small intestine occurred in mice of the B10.A/SgSnA strain treated transplacentally with N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU). In these adenocarcinomas, histologically different tumour cells which resembled the 4 cell types of the normal intestinal epithelium were present. Since normal intestinal epithelial cells are thought to originate from common stem cells, the tumours seem to be derived from these stem cells. PMID- 6518454 TI - Structural analysis of the carbohydrate moieties of human Tamm-Horsfall glycoprotein. AB - Glycopeptides present in a pronase digest of human Tamm-Horsfall glycoprotein were fractionated by chromatography on DEAE-Sephadex A25 in 0.1M acetic acid. The separated glycopeptides were characterised by 500-MHz 1H-n.m.r. spectroscopy, in conjunction with sugar and amino acid analysis, and they were shown to be of the N-glycosylic, N-acetyllactosamine type. Each fraction consisted mainly of a tetra antennary entity having various degrees of complexity, with lesser amounts of the triantennary structure, and even smaller amounts of the diantennary type. There was extensive heterogeneity in non-reducing terminal groups in each of the glycopeptides, whereas the peptide portions were similar. The extent to which any one of the galactose residues in the N-acetyllactosamine units was substituted, and the type of substitution, differed. The substituents were alpha-NeuAc-(2--- 6), alpha-NeuAc-(2----3), and alpha-NeuAc-(2----3)[beta-GalNAc-(1----4)]. The carbohydrate moieties of the glycoprotein were heterogeneous also because of an uneven distribution of the fucose residues, which were attached to GlcNAc residues, both that linked to asparagine and one or more of those present in the N-acetyllactosamine units. The alpha-NeuAc-(2----3)[beta-GalNAc-(1----4)]-beta Gal-(1---- sequence forms, at least in part, the Sda immunodeterminant. The pKa of the carboxyl group of the sialic acid residue in this entity is lower than that for molecules lacking Gal-NAc in this position. Thus, the difference in the number of Sda determinants carried by the glycopeptides enabled the latter to be fractionated on DEAE-Sephadex. PMID- 6518455 TI - Closed-loop baroreflex control of total peripheral resistance in the cat: identification of gains by aid of a model. AB - The baroreflex regulation of total peripheral resistance was quantified in closed loop conditions. To vary arterial pressure cardiac output was reduced by graded inferior caval vein occlusion or by arterial bleeding. In eight lightly anaesthetised cats the static relation between mean arteriovenous pressure gradient and mean flow could be described by a curve that was convex to the pressure axis and had zero intercept. The ratio of the change in resistance to a given change in arterial pressure was taken as resistance gain (GR). The value of this gain was estimated with the aid of a model which predicts pressure from flow when the right parameter value for gain is filled in. It consists of a non-linear negative-feedback control system with control pressure as reference point and with a constant gain. The estimation was carried out with the aid of an automatic identification procedure. GR varied from 0.002 to 0.010 min . ml-1 in different animals under light anaesthesia. With deeper anaesthesia gain decreased by 35 to 50% and became zero with very deep anaesthesia or barodenervation. Assuming that the reflex is a linear system about control pressure and flow we linearised our model and computed the static overall open-loop gain (GO). Within this narrow range GO varied from 0.64 to 2.30 for different cats under light anaesthesia and decreased by the same percentage as GR with deeper anaesthesia. PMID- 6518456 TI - The effect of long-term vasodilatation on capillary growth and performance in rabbit heart and skeletal muscle. AB - The long-term effect of adenosine and of a new xanthine derivative, 1-(5 oxohexyl)-3-methyl-7-propylxanthine (HWA 285) on capillary density was studied in rabbits. Doses of both agents were established in acute experiments such that they would produce a prolonged increase in coronary and skeletal muscle blood flows without significantly affecting blood pressure or cardiac output. These doses were then chronically administered (3 to 5 weeks) by continuous intravenous infusion from portable infusion pumps carried by the rabbits. Control animals were infused with saline. Long-term administration of adenosine and HWA 285 was well tolerated by the animals. In the acute experiments, adenosine (42 mumol.h-1 iv) reduced the heart rate and produced an increase in coronary blood flow (studied using 15 micrometers radioactive microspheres) and conductance of 38% and 65% respectively, with increases in skeletal muscle of 65% and 92%. Blood pressure, cardiac output and cardiac minute work were not affected. HWA 285 (57 mumol.h-1) slightly but significantly increased blood pressure, but did not affect heart rate, cardiac output or minute work. Coronary and skeletal muscle blood flow were increased by 41% and 72%, with conductance increases of 33% and 62% respectively. The number of all capillaries present was studied in the heart and skeletal muscle using histochemical staining for alkaline phosphatase. Myocardial capillary density (capillaries per mm2, means +/- SE) was 3092 +/- 97 in the adenosine infused group and 2870 +/- 153 in the HWA 285 infused group compared with 2426 +/- 93 in the controls, ie an increase of 27% (p less than 0.001) and 18% (p less than 0.02) respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6518457 TI - A scientific evaluation of the carotid sinus syndrome. AB - Assessment of the carotid sinus baroreceptor control of pulse interval has been made, by means of neck suction, in 10 patients with a clinical diagnosis of the carotid sinus syndrome (CSS). Results have been compared with 16 age-matched control patients. The mean gain in the CSS patients was 11.64 +/- 2.51 ms . mmHg 1, whereas the mean gain in the control patients was 3.61 +/- 0.68 ms . mmHg-1 (p less than 0.02). There was a significant correlation (p less than 0.01) between the degree of cardiac slowing, following carotid sinus massage, and the gain, following neck suction, in the CSS patients. Abnormality of the carotid sinus baroreceptor control of heart rate is confirmed in these patients and neck suction is an useful method of investigation of this syndrome. PMID- 6518458 TI - Baroreflex sensitivity measured by the phenylephrine pressor test in patients with carotid sinus and sick sinus syndromes. AB - Baroreflex sensitivity was measured by the heart rate response to the transient rise in blood pressure induced by phenylephrine, in 11 patients with carotid sinus syndrome, 6 patients with sick sinus syndrome and nine age and blood pressure matched controls. Patients with carotid sinus syndrome were divided into those with a hypersensitive carotid sinus reflex manifest as sinus arrest (n = 9) and those with a reflex manifest as atrioventricular block (n = 2). The mean gain of the baroreflex sensitivity was significantly increased (p less than 0.001) in patients with carotid syndrome manifest as sinus arrest (12.7 +/- 5.1 ms . mmg-1) compared to that in patients with sick sinus syndrome (3.8 +/- 2.6 ms . mmHg-1) and controls (4.2 +/- 2.1 ms . mmHg-1). Patients with carotid sinus syndrome manifest as atrioventricular block did not have increased baroreflex sensitivity measured by their sinus node response (2.1 +/- 0.5 ms . mmHg-1). There was significant correlation (p less than 0.001) between the corrected carotid sinus inhibitory response to carotid sinus massage and the measurement of baroreflex sensitivity in the carotid sinus syndrome patients. Patients with carotid sinus syndrome manifest as reflex sinus arrest have an increased gain in baroreflex sensitivity for their age, which is not seen in patients with symptomatic sinoatrial disease. This study provides further evidence of a different mechanism of bradycardiac symptoms in patients with carotid sinus and sick sinus syndromes. PMID- 6518459 TI - Lack of effect of bretylium tosylate on electrical ventricular defibrillation in a controlled study. AB - The threshold stored energy and transthoracic current for electrical defibrillation were determined in dogs anaesthetised with pentobarbitone. Groups were randomly allocated to pre-treatment with either saline or bretylium. The intravenous administration of bretylium tosylate (10 to 30 mg . kg-1) did not significantly alter either measurement. The drug caused large changes in heart rate and arterial blood pressure. PMID- 6518460 TI - A comparative study on ischaemia- or anoxia-induced impairment of myocytic structure and cardiac function in the isolated, isovolumicly-contracting, perfused rat heart. AB - Impairment of contractile function and extent of release of several intracellular marker enzymes and DNA were studied in isolated perfused rat hearts after low flow (0.16 ml . min-1) ischaemia followed by 2 h of reperfusion and after anoxia followed by 2 h of reoxygenation. After varying periods of ischaemia or anoxia, the hearts were analysed for cytoplasmic, lysosomal and mitochondrial enzymes, for nuclear DNA and for increase in heart weight (oedema formation). Recovery of contractile function, weight increase and release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), a cytoplasmic enzyme, were measured as a function of duration of ischaemia or anoxia. Myocardial enzyme activities and DNA content after varying periods of ischaemia or anoxia were compared with myocardial LDH activity. The study demonstrates that the ultimate extent of enzyme depletion after ischaemia + reperfusion differs significantly from that after anoxia + reoxygenation in respect of mitochondrial enzymes. For mitochondrial aspartate aminotransferase and monoamine oxidase ultimate depletion is 64 +/- 8% and 114 +/- 22%, respectively, for hearts after ischaemia + reperfusion, and 7 +/- 8% and 58 +/- 11%, respectively, for hearts after anoxia + reoxygenation. It is concluded that mitochondrial damage, as reflected by mitochondrial enzyme release from the heart, is less marked after anoxia + reoxygenation than after ischaemia + reperfusion at corresponding extent of LDH depletion. PMID- 6518461 TI - Bioavailability of two manufacturers' sustained-release quinidine gluconate tablets at steady state. AB - Steady-state bioavailability of sustained-release quinidine gluconate tablets manufactured by two companies was compared in a crossover study. The tablets were Quinaglute Dura-Tabs, manufactured by Berlex Laboratories, Inc., and generic quinidine gluconate tablets, manufactured by Bolar Pharmaceutical Company. Sixteen healthy male volunteers were given multiple doses of the two products in randomized sequence. Blood samples were obtained immediately before administration of the seventh dose (hour 72) and at 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, and 12 hours after administration. Plasma samples were assayed for quinidine content by high-performance liquid chromatography. The tablets manufactured by Berlex provided statistically significantly higher plasma levels during the second half of the dosing interval (six to 12 hours postdose). A 29% difference in plasma levels was observed between the products at the end of the dosing interval. The Bolar quinidine gluconate tablets had a statistically significant lower area under the curve (AUC). The greatest difference in AUC occurred during the last six hours of the dosing period. The six- to 12-hour AUC for the Bolar tablets was 24% less than that for Berlex tablets. The generic tablets also achieved peak plasma level 31% sooner than did Quinaglute Dura-Tabs. The pharmacokinetic characteristics of the two products at steady state indicate that the Bolar quinidine gluconate tablet exhibited a more rapid onset of peak plasma levels and a more rapid decline to minimum plasma levels. In summary, the data from this multiple-dose study, performed using commercially available material, indicate that differences exist in pharmacokinetic performance of the products. However, the exact correlation between pharmacokinetic data and clinical effectiveness has not been established. PMID- 6518462 TI - Evaluation of the safety of metoclopramide in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease. AB - The long-term safety of metoclopramide was evaluated for up to 30 months in 269 patients with chronic symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux disease. The usual dosage of metoclopramide was 10 mg four times a day, before meals and at bedtime. No serious side effects were encountered, and the results of laboratory tests performed at frequent intervals were favorable. Audiometric, ophthalmological, and electrocardiographic evaluations showed no drug-related changes. PMID- 6518463 TI - Comparative study of cefoperazone and amikacin. AB - A comparative study of cefoperazone and amikacin in severe surgical infections was conducted with 60 patients equally allocated to two groups. The daily dosage of cefoperazone ranged from 2 to 4 gm in two equally divided doses, and the daily dosage of amikacin ranged from 900 to 1,000 mg in two equally divided doses. All patients were given antibiotics for five to ten days. With cefoperazone, there were satisfactory clinical responses in 83% (29/35) of the infections; with amikacin, 74% (23/31). Cefoperazone was more effective than amikacin in biliary tract infections. On bacteriological examination, 7.5% of the organisms isolated were resistant to cefoperazone and 10% to amikacin. In mixed infections, cefoperazone and amikacin had failure rates of 29% and 36%, respectively. Further trials are needed to define the role of cefoperazone in anaerobic and in mixed infections. PMID- 6518464 TI - Evaluation of cefoperazone in the treatment of bacterial infections in patients with hematological diseases. AB - This study was conducted as a multicenter trial in 12 institutions in the Kyushu region of Japan. The clinical effects of cefoperazone were evaluated in 101 patients with 112 infections complicated by hematological disease. In about half of the patients, the baseline neutrophil count was below 1,000/mm3. Results were excellent in 23 of 101 cases and good in 48, with an efficacy rate of 70.3%. Cefoperazone alone or in combination with other antibiotics was effective in 60.7% of patients who had not responded to previous antibiotic therapy. No serious side effects attributable to cefoperazone were noted. The results indicate that cefoperazone is a useful antibiotic for the treatment of severe infections in patients with hematological diseases. PMID- 6518465 TI - Intravenous immune globulin therapy for antibody immunodeficiency. AB - High doses of intravenous immune globulin produced meaningful clinical responses in three patients with altered immune function. One patient had a history of repeated infection with gram-positive pneumococci, another patient had second degree burns and previously undiagnosed chronic leukemia of unknown etiology, and the third patient had frequent infections of the intestinal tract with symptoms of malabsorption and gluten intolerance. All three of the cases are examples of antibody immunodeficiency. After receiving intravenous immune globulin, all three patients experienced complete remission of infection. PMID- 6518466 TI - [Glycoproteins--the cause of diabetic complications?]. PMID- 6518467 TI - [The fertility of older women]. PMID- 6518468 TI - [Balance of sterols of animal origin in diabetics with hyperlipoproteinemia and its control by a low-cholesterol diet]. PMID- 6518469 TI - [Diabetes and disorders of saccharide tolerance in a 5-year study of patients after myocardial infarct]. PMID- 6518470 TI - [Longevity and geriatrics]. PMID- 6518471 TI - [Clinical significance of determining antigens and antibodies to hepatitis B viruses using radiosaturation analysis in chronic liver diseases]. PMID- 6518472 TI - [Controlling the binding of porphyrins to ligands using antimalarial agents]. PMID- 6518473 TI - [Suicide trends in Czechoslovakia 1970-1980]. PMID- 6518475 TI - [Research in medical education and training]. PMID- 6518474 TI - [A single-dose broad spectrum anthelmintic]. PMID- 6518476 TI - [Surgical treatment of adenocarcinoma of the kidneys after prior embolization of the renal artery]. PMID- 6518477 TI - [Possibilities of the treatment of sex fetishists using electric minishocks]. PMID- 6518478 TI - [Comparison of hemagglutination inhibition titers of venous and peripheral blood in Japanese encephalitis B patients]. PMID- 6518479 TI - [Contamination of common tableware by hepatitis B surface antigen]. PMID- 6518480 TI - [Mother-to-infant transmission of asymptomatic HBsAg carrier state]. PMID- 6518481 TI - [Surveillance on the relation of influenza infection between humans and pigs]. PMID- 6518482 TI - [A typhoid fever outbreak in Liuan County]. PMID- 6518483 TI - [The serotype distribution of Salmonella strains in Hangzhou area 1977-1981]. PMID- 6518484 TI - [Pig carrier of Salmonella]. PMID- 6518485 TI - [An outbreak of amebiasis]. PMID- 6518486 TI - [The clinical and epidemiological features of mild measles]. PMID- 6518487 TI - [A solid-phase double-sandwich ELISA for detecting anti-HBc IgM]. PMID- 6518489 TI - [An aspect of the epidemiologic study of blood pressure in childhood]. PMID- 6518488 TI - [Use of co-agglutination as method in the diagnosis of typhoid fever]. PMID- 6518490 TI - Optimal age for vaccinating Zimbabwean children against measles. 1. Maternal and transplacentally transmitted measles antibodies in infancy. PMID- 6518491 TI - Patterns and problems of diabetes in Soweto. PMID- 6518492 TI - Antibiotic activity against pathological genito urinary and enteric gram negative rods as observed in 1983. At Public Health Laboratory, Mutare General Hospital, Zimbabwe. PMID- 6518493 TI - Did the experience of the African savanna bring about the human menopause? PMID- 6518494 TI - Curriculum development for health education--preliminary report on a holistic approach. PMID- 6518495 TI - Leukaemia diagnosis in Zimbabwe. PMID- 6518496 TI - A study of nutritional status, parasitic infections and haematology in a farmworker community in Zimbabwe. PMID- 6518497 TI - A new serological test for systemic lupus erythematosus among Nigerians. PMID- 6518498 TI - Cerebral cysticercosis. Treatment with praziquantil. PMID- 6518499 TI - Base rates for psychological disturbance in children: an evaluation of a screening instrument. PMID- 6518500 TI - Headache and the ameliorating effect of pregnancy: an editorial. PMID- 6518501 TI - A chronobiological study of melatonin, cortisol growth hormone and prolactin secretion in cluster headache. AB - The temporal organization of plasma melatonin, cortisol, growth hormone (GH) and prolactin secretion was examined in healthy rested controls and in patients suffering from episodic cluster headache. Eleven patients with typical cluster headache (10 men, 1 female) and 8 male controls were studied over a 24-h period: blood was collected at 2-h intervals during the day and at 1-h intervals at night. Plasma melatonin, cortisol, GH and prolactin levels were determined by radioimmunoassay. Most of the cluster headache patients showed a decrease in nocturnal melatonin secretion and the melatonin rhythm was even completely abolished in one patient. Chronobiological analysis of the cluster headache patients' 24-h plasma melatonin profile showed a significant decrease in amplitude and mesor: these were 58.7 pg/ml and 34.4 pg/ml respectively in control subjects, versus 18.7 pg/ml and 17.6 pg/ml for the patients. In addition, patients showed a significant phase-advance in their melatonin rhythm. For cortisol, the rhythm appeared slightly blunted in the cluster headache group and was significantly phase-advanced. The plasma prolactin profile showed no significant alteration, but for plasma GH the nocturnal peak was advanced in some patients; in the absence of sleep recording, however, no conclusion could be drawn. Results from this study suggest a neuroendocrine dysregulation in cluster headache in the endogenous clock which controls the pineal rhythmicity. PMID- 6518502 TI - Platelet aggregability, disaggregability and serotonin uptake in migraine. AB - Several disturbances in platelet function have been reported in migraineurs including serotonin (5-HT) metabolism and abnormal aggregability of platelets. The present work compared platelets taken from migraineurs during attacks and at headache-free periods with those of controls. The results demonstrated a tendency to increased aggregability during attacks compared to headache-free periods, and lower still in controls. Kinetic analysis of 5-HT uptake revealed normal Km, increased Vmax values and lower imipramine inhibition in migraineurs (both during headache and at headache-free periods). However, although the differences were significant statistically, they were small, and their clinical relevance remains to be proven. PMID- 6518503 TI - The role of estrogen in migraine: a review and hypothesis. AB - The epidemiological, clinical and basic science evidence for a role of estrogen in migraine is reviewed. The hypothesis is put forward that estrogen exerts its influence by modulating sympathetic control of the cerebral vasculature. PMID- 6518504 TI - Childhood headache risk: warning signs and symptoms present during the first six months of life. AB - In the history of children suffering from non-organic headache, the presence of periodic syndromes can often be found. In previous observations we ascertained that periodic syndromes are a common finding in children showing physical and behavioural characteristics of "hyperreactivity" in the first months of their lives. We have tried to verify, through a prospective study, whether children with "hyperreactivity" in the first months of life are particularly prone to develop periodic syndromes and/or non-organic headache. We have developed an appropriate test for the assessment of hyperreactivity in the first 6 months of life. We have isolated 183 hyperreactive subjects; 102 of them have been followed up to an average age of 10.8 years, together with a control group of 80 subjects followed-up to an average age of 10.2 years. Of the 102 hyperreactive infants, 54 (52.9%) suffered from common migraine, versus 12 (15%) of the control group; 66 (64.5%) hyperreactive infants suffered from periodic syndrome, versus 10 (12.5%) of the control group. There was frequently a co-existence of migraine and periodic syndrome. It is thus possible to identify infants who are particularly prone to develop periodic syndromes and headache. PMID- 6518505 TI - "Hemicrania continua". An indomethacin responsive headache. II. Autonomic function studies. AB - Various autonomic parameters have been studied in two patients with "hemicrania continua", a newly described unilateral headache which is aborted by indomethacin. Striking findings were made on pupillometry: In both patients, isocoria was present when untreated. Bilateral instillation of tyramine in the conjunctival sac resulted in a late appearing anisocoria, with the smaller pupil on the symptomatic side. Indomethacin medication corrected this anomaly. These findings add further evidence to our firm belief that "hemicrania continua" differs fundamentally from chronic paroxysmal hemicrania, where such pupillometric changes are not found. There thus seem to be at least two different types of hemicranias with an absolute indomethacin effect. PMID- 6518506 TI - Right heart catheterization and temporary pacemaker insertion during coronary arteriography for suspected coronary artery disease. PMID- 6518507 TI - The complete cardiac catheterization. PMID- 6518508 TI - Left atrial size, pressure, and V wave height in patients with isolated, severe, pure mitral regurgitation. AB - In recent years, some concepts regarding the etiology and hemodynamics present in the syndrome of mitral regurgitation have changed. Coronary artery disease and mitral valve prolapse have replaced rheumatic heart disease as the most frequent cause of mitral regurgitation. Hemodynamic studies have shown that tall V waves in the pulmonary capillary wedge tracings are neither specific nor sensitive in detecting the presence of mitral regurgitation. In this study, we evaluated the role of various clinical, echocardiographic, and hemodynamic findings with regard to left atrial (LA) size, pressure, and V wave height. We found that the mean pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCW) and V wave height for the subset of patients with acute mitral regurgitation (PCW = 24.1 +/- 10.9; V = 41.2 +/- 20.7 mm Hg) was similar to the subset with chronic mitral regurgitation (PCW = 17.9 +/ 7.5; V = 32.0 +/- 18.2 mm Hg). In addition, we found that there was a significant logarithmic relationship between the LA size and the duration of the mitral regurgitation (y = 1.404 [log X] + 3.948; R = 0.678; p less than 0.0005). Lastly, we found that LA size, compliance, regurgitant volume, and regurgitant valve orifice area all increase with time. PMID- 6518509 TI - Anaphylactoid reaction to angiographic contrast media: recurrence despite pretreatment with corticosteroids. AB - A case who developed severe and potentially fatal reaction to an angiographic contrast medium despite adequate pretreatment with steroids for 2 weeks is reported. This is the second such case reported in the English literature. PMID- 6518510 TI - Hemodynamic profile of constrictive pericarditis produced by a massive right pleural effusion. AB - We report a 29-year-old female who presented with thyrotoxicosis and a massive right pleural effusion. Cardiac catheterization in the presence of the effusion revealed equalization of abnormally elevated right and left heart filling pressures. Repeat study after thoracentesis demonstrated normal intracardiac pressures, which were unchanged by volume loading with normal saline. This case report suggests that both extrinsic cardiac chamber compression produced by the large unilateral effusion and ventricular interdependence altered diastolic function of the right and left ventricle in a manner resembling constrictive pericarditis or restrictive cardiomyopathy. PMID- 6518511 TI - Single coronary artery with the right coronary artery arising from the first septal perforator. AB - A 50-year-old woman with chest pain and an exercise thallium-201 scintigram positive for focal ischemia was found on coronary arteriography to have a heretofore unreported variant of single left coronary artery with the right coronary artery originating as a branch from the first septal perforator. Proximally, the aberrant vessel coursed through the ventricular septum at the level of the right ventricular outflow tract. A conus artery was absent and this is a possible basis for the focal basal ventricular ischemia and the patient's symptoms. PMID- 6518512 TI - Unusual nodular pulmonary lesions associated with thrombolytic therapy. AB - The occurrence of solitary nodular pulmonary lesions associated with thrombolytic therapy is reported in two patients. Resolution was spontaneous in each patient. Multiple thin needle aspiration biopsies in one case revealed only red blood cells. This unusual entity should be included as one of the potential complications associated with the use of thrombolytic agents. PMID- 6518513 TI - Angioscopy in vivo. AB - Recent developments in optical instrumentation have made possible the direct, three-dimensional viewing of intravascular structures. Using an angioscope (the Trimedyne Optiscope, Trimedyne Inc., Santa Ana CA) and a xenon cold lamp (the Xenon Cold Light Fountain, Karl Storz Endoscopy America, Inc., Culver City, CA), the authors have visualized, without complications, the normal orifices of various arteries and their bifurcations in 12 dogs, the atherosclerotic aortas of eight post mortem humans, and the coronary arteries of six post mortem humans. Potential applications of the instruments include more accurate diagnosis of occlusive diseases of the blood vessels, evaluation of such interventional procedures as angioplasty, intraoperative assessment of anastomoses, and safer laser surgery. The angioscope also enables the physician to combine pressure recording and dye injection simultaneously with the visualization of the inner walls of the vessels. PMID- 6518514 TI - Peripheral arterial contrast echocardiography: a new method for the detection of left-to-right shunting patent ductus arteriosus. AB - A modified echocardiographic method (peripheral arterial contrast echocardiography, PACE) using suprasternal notch (SSN) echocardiography and rapid hand injection of 5% glucose solution through peripheral arteries is introduced. This method was used to determine the presence of a left-to-right shunting via patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in 50 patients with various congenital heart disease among neonates, infants, and young children. Echocardiographic findings were compared with cardiac catheterization/angiography, surgery, and/or autopsy. Diagnosis of PDA made by PACE was sensitive in 98.5% and specific in 100% of cases. Thus, the PACE examination is a reliable bed-side technique to detect qualitatively the presence or absence of a left-to-right shunting PDA accompanied with acyanotic or cyanotic heart disease. PMID- 6518515 TI - Thresholds for transesophageal atrial pacing. AB - To determine the thresholds for transesophageal atrial capture, as well as factors that may influence the thresholds, we measured the minimal current and pulse width required to pace the atria through transesophageal bipolar lead systems in 12 patients, ranging in age from 1 day to 19 years, during 19 episodes of reentrant supraventricular tachycardia. Depending on the patients' age and size several electrode catheters were used. The protocol called for 1-msec step wise increments in pulse width. At each pulse width the current was increased by 1 mamp until capture was achieved. The mean minimal pulse width and mean minimal current required for capture were 5.8 msec and 13.6 mamp, respectively. Atrial capture was achieved in 75% of attempts at a pulse width and current equal to or less than 6.5 msec and 17.5 mamp, respectively. No correlation between current and pulse width on the one hand and age, height, weight, or body surface area on the other was detected. Likewise neither electrode type nor existence of structural heart disease influenced the threshold required for capture. We conclude that atrial capture can be readily achieved through transesophageal electrodes and is not influenced by the subject's age or size. PMID- 6518517 TI - Balloon-occlusion pulmonary cineangiography for diagnosing pulmonary embolism. AB - For the angiographic diagnosis of pulmonary embolism (PE) we performed balloon occlusion pulmonary cineangiography in ten consecutive patients. The technical aspects of the balloon-occlusion cineangiographic technique are reviewed, and its complementary role in the diagnosis of PE are outlined and illustrated with several examples. PMID- 6518516 TI - Simultaneous measurement of aortic and left ventricular pressures in aortic stenosis using a double lumen pigtail catheter. AB - This technical note describes a double lumen pigtail catheter that can facilitate measurement of the aortic valve gradient in patients with aortic stenosis. The catheter is passed retrograde into the left ventricle with the aid of a flexible guide wire. In two patients the measured gradient was not significantly different from that obtained using two systemic arterial catheters. PMID- 6518518 TI - Expression of a spore-specific gene in Dictyostelium discoideum. AB - The expression of a previously cloned Dictyostelium discoideum spore-specific gene (Julien et al., EMBO J. 1, 1089-1093 (1982)) was investigated in wild type and mutant strains. In vitro translation of this spore-specific mRNA gave a protein of a molecular weight consistent with the mRNA size. Expressed at a low level during vegetative growth development and in stalk cells, the accumulation of this mRNA reached high values only in spore cells. PMID- 6518519 TI - Extracellular matrix and capillary ingrowth in interspecies chimeric kidneys. AB - The migration of capillaries into mouse embryonic kidneys grafted on quail chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) was analyzed by two monoclonal antibodies against quail endothelial and haematopoietic cells. As shown by immunohistochemistry, the quail chorioallantoic vessels invaded the kidney explant. Initially, the capillaries were detected in the interstitial stroma and, soon thereafter, tightly adjacent to the branches of the ureteric bud. The induced mesenchymal cell condensates, the prospective nephric vesicles, were avascular, but when the early S-shaped body was formed, the capillaries invaded its lower crevice. Finally chimeric glomeruli consisting of mouse podocytes and quail endothelial cells, were formed and, contemporarily, the capillaries ceased to migrate. Within the endothelial-mesangial area of the chimeric glomeruli, all cells expressed the quail-type nuclear structure and were stained by the quail endothelial-specific antibodies. The pattern of migrating capillaries was compared to the distribution of the extracellular matrix (ECM) molecules by double staining with polyclonal antibodies against laminin or fibronectin, and monoclonal quail endothelial specific antibodies. Initially, the capillaries migrated in a fibronectin-rich matrix, devoid of laminin, but when the epithelial kidney tubules formed, some capillaries attached to the newly formed epithelial basement membrane. At no stage were the capillaries seen to penetrate the epithelial basement membrane. The orderly branching of the ureteric bud, followed by the formation of nephrons and the shift in the ECM, might create pathways for an oriented capillary migration. The fibronectin-rich areas could be a scaffold for the capillary migration, and the attachment to the basement membranes a means for their cessation. PMID- 6518520 TI - Cell disorganization and malformation in neural retina caused by antibodies to R cognin: ultrastructural study. AB - Retina tissue from 6-day chick embryos was organ-cultured for 3 days in the presence of antibodies to R-cognin, a surface antigen of retina cells. The antibodies which are known to bind to this antigen caused a striking malformation: interruption of the outer limiting membrane and extensive cell disorganization resulting in exteriorization of many cells and forming of chaotic masses on the surface of the tissue. Controls did not show these effects. These results further confirm that R-cognin is involved in the mechanism of histotypic contacts and recognition of retina cells, and that it plays an essential role in cell organization and histogenesis in the retina. PMID- 6518521 TI - Electrical response to fertilization in starfish eggs and oocytes. PMID- 6518522 TI - Myeloid bodies in the pigment epithelium of a teleost embryo, the viviparous Poecilia reticulata. AB - Appearance of myeloid bodies (MB) in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) precedes photoreceptor outer segment development in Poecilia reticulata embryos reared under a 12 hrs LD cycle, in constant darkness (DD) and constant light (LL). When first formed, MB are predominantly continuous with rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER). The same is observed in the peripheral growth zone of the developed eye, whereas in differentiated parts, MB are continuous with the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER). At onset of photomechanical movements, wavy MB predominate in light-adapted LD embryos, are exclusively present in LL and are located in the RPE processes. SER abounds. Straight MB predominate in dark adapted LD embryos, are exclusively present in DD and contain electrondense material between lamellae. Diurnal appearance of electrondense material may be coupled with transfer of retinol, mediated by various transport proteins. PMID- 6518523 TI - The influence of microtubule associated proteins on the production of polymorphic products from tubulin and microtubules. AB - Crude preparations of microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs), as well as purified MAP 2, influence the structure of products assembled from purified tubulin at low pH values. At pH 6.2, only 12% of the assembled products were microtubules (MTs) when assembly was conducted in 10% DMSO; 88% were large sheets of protofilaments. In the absence of DMSO, 28% of the structures were MTs. As the content of MAPs in the assembly reaction was increased, the proportion of MTs increased to 87% at a MAP/tubulin (w/w) ratio of 0.67 in the presence of DMSO and to 98% at a MAP/tubulin (w/w) ratio of 0.33 in the absence of DMSO. Purified MAP 2 was as effective as crude MAP preparations in promoting MT formation at pH 6.2. MTs formed from purified tubulin and MAP 2 were transformed into spirals of protofilaments upon the addition of Vinblastine (VLB). Spirals were also formed when VLB was added to a mixture of tubulin and MAP 2 at 4 degrees C. It thus appears that MAP 2 is a causative factor in initiating spiral formation in the presence of VLB. PMID- 6518524 TI - Surface transport properties of reticulopodia: do intracellular and extracellular motility share a common mechanism? AB - The reticulopodial networks of the foraminiferan protozoans Allogromia sp., strain NF, and A. laticollaris display rapid (up to 11 microns/second) and bidirectional saltatory transport of membrane surface markers (polystyrene microspheres). Electron microscopy shows that microspheres adhere directly to the reticulopodial surface glycocalyx. A videomicroscopic analysis of this phenomenon reveals that microsphere movement is typically independent of pseudopod extension/withdrawal and that particles of different sizes and surface properties display similar motile characteristics. The motile properties of surface associated microspheres appear identical to those of saltating intracellular organelles. Indeed, in some instances the surface-attached microspheres appear transiently linked in motion to these underlying organelles. Our observations suggest that, in reticulopodia, surface transport of microspheres and intracellular transport of organelles are driven by a common mechanism. PMID- 6518525 TI - [Prenatal diagnosis of genetically conditioned diseases in the 1st trimester of pregnancy]. PMID- 6518526 TI - [Aspiration of chorionic villi in the 1st trimester of pregnancy]. PMID- 6518527 TI - [Changes in the position of the fetus during a risk pregnancy]. PMID- 6518528 TI - [Importance of monitoring placental alkaline phosphatase in the monitoring of the fetoplacental unit]. PMID- 6518529 TI - [Levels of cholesterol in fetal blood in premature labor]. PMID- 6518530 TI - [The reliability of using vacuum aspiration after labor]. PMID- 6518531 TI - [Immunotherapy of recurrent mycotic colpitis]. PMID- 6518532 TI - [The validity of reporting on sex life in infertile marriages]. PMID- 6518533 TI - [Personal experience with vacuum drainage using Redon's method]. PMID- 6518534 TI - [Use of the neonatal unit in changing to a rooming-in system]. PMID- 6518535 TI - [Spontaneous rupture of splenic vessels in pregnancy]. PMID- 6518536 TI - [Cesarean section in a moribund patient]. PMID- 6518537 TI - [Benign intracranial hypertension syndrome (BIH) in pregnancy]. PMID- 6518538 TI - [Toxoplasmosis as a cause of pseudotumor of the breast in women]. PMID- 6518539 TI - [Tamoxifen and ovulation induction]. PMID- 6518540 TI - [Psychosomatic complications of contraception]. PMID- 6518541 TI - [Comments on the classification of the climacteric and menopause]. PMID- 6518542 TI - [Method for maintaining brain slices in an incubation chamber]. PMID- 6518543 TI - [Mechanism of action of estrogen on the cells of target tissues]. PMID- 6518544 TI - [Structure and biological significance of tooth proteins]. PMID- 6518545 TI - [Noncontact recording of the level of liquids in manometers]. PMID- 6518546 TI - [Retinal macroaneurysm]. PMID- 6518547 TI - [Uptake of 86Rb in the lenses of rats during ontogenesis]. PMID- 6518548 TI - [Surgery of the oblique muscles]. PMID- 6518549 TI - [Antagonistic strabismus]. PMID- 6518550 TI - [Surgery of the upper oblique muscle]. PMID- 6518551 TI - [Personal experience with Hummelsheim's operation]. PMID- 6518552 TI - [Chronic retrobulbar inflammations of sinus origin]. PMID- 6518553 TI - [Extensive retinal hemorrhage after a game of tug-of-war (Valsalva's hemorrhagic retinopathy)]. PMID- 6518554 TI - [Electrotonographic evaluation of the treatment of glaucoma by trabeculectomy]. PMID- 6518555 TI - [Intramural suicidal tendencies and relation to intensive care units in psychiatry]. PMID- 6518556 TI - [The attitude of Slovak psychiatrists toward psychotherapy. Preliminary report]. PMID- 6518557 TI - [Characteristics of lung elasticity in children, adolescents and young adults with bronchial asthma and clinical signs of disease]. PMID- 6518558 TI - [Normal values of M-mode echocardiographic parameters in children]. PMID- 6518559 TI - [Blood pressure in the 2d year of life]. PMID- 6518560 TI - [Long-term treatment with ketotifen and levels of growth hormone in children]. PMID- 6518561 TI - [Cholesterol ester storage disease (CESD)]. PMID- 6518563 TI - [Sarcoidosis in children and adolescents]. PMID- 6518562 TI - [Congenital microcystic hamartia of the atrioventricular node of the heart]. PMID- 6518564 TI - [Blind children in the care of the Infant Institute]. PMID- 6518565 TI - [Preparation for esophagogastroduodenoscopy and care of the patient after the examination]. PMID- 6518566 TI - [How can the pediatric psychiatrist contribute to the care of the child?]. PMID- 6518567 TI - [Argument for the adoptive parents to inform the adopted child the truth about the adoption]. PMID- 6518568 TI - [Report on a study trip to Spain]. PMID- 6518569 TI - [Prognosis for physicians and pharmacists to the year 2000]. PMID- 6518570 TI - [Prognosis for allied health workers]. PMID- 6518571 TI - [Study of the pharmacy profession in Czechoslovakia]. PMID- 6518572 TI - [Allowance for the care of a family member--its social significance]. PMID- 6518573 TI - [Diabetic neurotrophic osteoarthropathy]. PMID- 6518574 TI - [Radiodiagnosis of eosinophilic granuloma]. PMID- 6518575 TI - [A rare cause of osteosclerosis: Erdheim-Chester syndrome]. PMID- 6518576 TI - Liposomal membranes. XIX. Interaction between spermicidal agents and liposomes reconstituted with boar spermatozoal lipids. PMID- 6518577 TI - Gel filtration of solubilized systems. VII. Temperature effect on the solubilization of ethylparaben in hexaoxyethylene lauryl ether micelles. PMID- 6518578 TI - Studies on structure-activity relationships of FK-156, an immunostimulating peptide, and related compounds. I. Synthesis of stereoisomeric analogues of FK 156. PMID- 6518579 TI - Studies on structure-activity relationships of FK-156, an immunostimulating peptide, and related compounds. II. Synthesis of N2-(gamma-D-glutamyl)-2(L), 2'(D)-diaminopimelic acid as the minimal essential structure of FK-156. PMID- 6518580 TI - Synthesis of the heptadecapeptide corresponding to the entire amino acid sequence of salmon melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH). PMID- 6518582 TI - Studies on the chemical constituents of Rutaceous plants. LV. The development of a versatile method for the synthesis of antitumor-active benzo[c]phenanthridine alkaloids. (5). A new method for quaternization of the benzo[c]phenanthridine nucleus. PMID- 6518581 TI - Studies on the chemical constituents of Rutaceous plants. LIV. The development of a versatile method for the synthesis of antitumor-active benzo[c]phenanthridine alkaloids. (4). Limitation of Bischler-Napieralski cyclization and detailed examination of the dehydrogenation of the Bischler-Napieralski products in the Robinson synthetic pathway for benzo[c]phenanthridine alkaloids. PMID- 6518583 TI - Structure of carzinophilin. IV. Structure elucidation by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. (2). PMID- 6518584 TI - The alkaloidal constituents of Goda-manel (Crinum zeylanicum L.), a Sri Lankan folk medicine. PMID- 6518585 TI - Sesquiterpene lactones from Ixeris tamagawaensis KITAM. II. PMID- 6518586 TI - Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory agents. V. Photolysis of 6,11-dihydro-11 oxodibenz[b,e]oxepin-3-acetic acid. PMID- 6518587 TI - Electrostatic potential images of drugs targetting dopamine receptors. PMID- 6518588 TI - Studies on hypolipidemic agents. I. 3-Benzoylglycidic acid derivatives. PMID- 6518589 TI - Computerized analyzing system for chemiluminescence. PMID- 6518590 TI - Potentiation of nerve growth factor-mediated nerve fiber production in organ cultures of chicken embryonic ganglia by ginseng saponins: structure--activity relationship. PMID- 6518591 TI - Comparison of hepatic glutathione S-transferases of male and female rats. PMID- 6518592 TI - Effects of ricin, a protein toxin, on glucose absorption by rat small intestine. (Biochemical studies on oral toxicity of ricin. II). PMID- 6518593 TI - Binding of hydralazine and a major metabolite, pyruvate hydrazone, to rat plasma protein and human serum albumin. PMID- 6518594 TI - Correlations between in vivo and in vitro dissolution rates of (alpha bromoisovaleryl)urea polymorphs. PMID- 6518595 TI - Release of enzymes from the lysosomes of rat kidney cortex by aminoglycoside antibiotics. PMID- 6518596 TI - Identification of isopropylantipyrine metabolites in rat and man by using stable isotope tracer techniques. PMID- 6518597 TI - Mechanism of the enhancement of rectal permeability of drugs by nonsteroidal anti inflammatory drugs. PMID- 6518598 TI - Ion-pair high-performance liquid chromatographic analysis of sulpyrine and its metabolites in rabbit plasma. PMID- 6518599 TI - Effect of fluid volume on the gastric emptying and absorption of quinine in mice, rabbits and humans. PMID- 6518600 TI - Studies on antitumor cyclic hexapeptides RA obtained from Rubiae Radix, Rubiaceae. III. On derivatives of RA-V and their in vivo activities. PMID- 6518601 TI - Distribution of aminopeptidases in various nephron segments isolated from rat kidney. PMID- 6518602 TI - Studies on the chemical constituents of rutaceous plants. LVI. The development of a versatile method for the synthesis of antitumor-active benzo[c]phenanthridine alkaloids. (6). Limitation of the Dyke synthetic pathway for benzo[c]phenanthridine alkaloids. PMID- 6518603 TI - Influence of blood proteins on biomedical analysis. VII. Electrophoretic analysis of the interaction of pseudocholinesterase with fatty acid and/or human serum albumin. PMID- 6518604 TI - Structure confirmation of active metabolite of dicloxacillin in man by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. PMID- 6518605 TI - Studies on lipids of crayfish, Procambarus clarkii. I. Furanoid fatty acids. PMID- 6518606 TI - Syntheses and antimicrobial activities of five-membered heterocycles having a phenylazo substituent. PMID- 6518607 TI - Oxygenated sterols as inhibitors of enzymatic conversion of dihydrolanosterol into cholesterol. PMID- 6518608 TI - Cis-trans isomerization of a nitrofuran AF-2 by rat liver microsomal preparations. PMID- 6518609 TI - The formation of 3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenylalanine and 3-hydroxy-4 methoxyphenethylamine in plasma during L-DOPA therapy in patients with Parkinson's disease. PMID- 6518610 TI - delta 5,7,9(11)-Cholestatrien-3 beta-ol: a fluorescent cholesterol analogue. AB - Structural analysis, a purification scheme and stability information on a fluorescent cholesterol analogue, which has been used as a probe in several model and biological systems, are presented. The proposed structure for the fluorophore, cholestatrien-3 beta-ol, closely resembles that of cholesterol. However, problems of low yield during synthesis and rapid decomposition have impeded its use. This study concerns the synthesis and purification of cholestatrien-3 beta-ol by reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Unlike cholestatrien-3 beta-ol recrystallized from solvents, the fluorescent sterol purified by HPLC was stable over several months at -70 degrees C either as a white, crystalline powder or in ethanolic solution. In model membranes the fluorescence of cholestatrien-3 beta-ol was stable to ultraviolet (UV) light. A simple spectroscopic assay for purity is presented. Included are detailed absorbance, fluorescence, mass, 1H-NMR, and 13C-NMR spectral analyses. The data confirm the structure of cholestatrien-3 beta-ol proposed, but not proven, over 50 years ago, delta 5,7,9(11)-cholestatrien-3 beta-ol. PMID- 6518611 TI - [Multiple wounds in children. Apropos of 76 cases]. AB - Polytraumatisms in the child are relatively unfrequent, less severe, and get a lower rate of deaths compared with polytraumatisms in the adult. The indirect traumatism, being most frequent, is explained by projection and ejection. Direct traumatism is scacre. A classification in 4 types is proposed: type I: visceral polytraumatised child, type II: multiple fractured one, type III: mixed visceral and multiple fractured one, type IV: the crippled one. Cranial trauma has to be noticed as being a constant one. The relative unfrequency of spine, belly and thoracic injuries; the most frequent happening of peripheral traumatisms; the severeness of mutilations are emphasised. Multiple fractured children are healed with very remaining mutilations; the social and economic load is heavy; the pophylactics hypothetical. PMID- 6518612 TI - [Upper anal imperforation, treatment and results]. AB - As shown by Stephens the only element of the sphincteric mechanism which persists in case of high imperforate anus is the pubo rectalis sling of the levator. It is essential that the neo rectum be brought down to the perineum throught the sling which must be meticulously dissected and preserved. An operative technique with definition of the sling by an anterior perineal approach was described by the author. Results of the procedure in 43 patients are reported: early post operative complications (1 death, 4 occlusions, 2 ischemia of the neo rectum), anal complications (stricture, prolapses and ectropion) and urinary complications. Concerning the continence the author studied 19 patients: 16 children operated over 10 years ago and 3 adults. Of these 19: 2 are failures with stool incontinence, 10 are excellent and 7 fair. A "perfect" result was never obtained but many are compatible with a normal social life. Age is of great importance (our 3 adults became continent within several months), morning evacuations, diet, cleanliners, some drugs such a imodium are helpful adjuncts. Then the paper discusses 16 patients with desastrous results after previous surgery in another hospital. In 10 patients the new ano-rectum has been placed some that it missed a portion or all of the pubo-rectalis muscule. A further operation with re-routing resulted in marked improvement in 7 patients. A poor result with the neo-rectum in a good position means that the incontinence is related to a hypoplastic or denervated sling. A free autogenous muscle transplantation (Hakelius and Grotte) gave 4 excellent, 2 fair and 2 poor results. PMID- 6518613 TI - [Internal hernia in the duodenal fossae. 3 cases]. AB - Para-duodenal strangulated hernia is an unusual operative finding. The entraped position of intestinal loops in a vascularized pouch allow to recognize the lesion, the site of the neck of the hernia point out its anatomic form. Pre operative diagnosis seems difficult to access in spite of numerous investigation'means. The strangulation is generally few tight, so the treatment is very easy outside of a carefully dissection of the neck of the left para duodenal hernias. PMID- 6518614 TI - [Prevention of caustic stenoses of the esophagus with an intraesophageal mold]. AB - The various methods for the management of full-thickness caustic burns of the esophagus, whether by early bougienage or by corticosteroid treatment and/or use of an intraluminal catheter, have proved unsuccessful to this date. The use of an intraluminal splint kept in place during 3 weeks, as advocated by Reyes, slows down the growth of exuberant granulation tissue and prevents the formation of synechia and stricture during the healing process. Reyes's method was modified as follows: after a delay of 4 or 5 days, an esophagoscopy is performed along with a histologic study in order to ascertain the extent of the burn. Then, a Blackmore catheter is introduced in the esophagus to serve as a splint. No corticosteroids are used. The authors report 3 cases of deep caustic burns of the esophagus as attested by endoscopic and histologic studies, which have been successfully treated. PMID- 6518615 TI - [Results of cholecystectomy in painful abdominal crises of children with sickle cell anemia]. AB - Homozygous SS sickle cell anemia affects 0,25% of the population of the West Indies, and 10% of these children have biliary lithiasis. Together with the vascular thromboses, these stones are the cause of frequent painful abdominal crises. A group of 12 children with biliary lithiasis were operated upon between 1979 and 1983. Emphasis is placed on the relative frequency of complications of the cholelithiasis, on the high morbidity of the operations, and the almost constant good results as shown by disappearance of the abdominal pains. It is concluded that routine ultrasound imaging should investigate the possible presence of bile stones in children, and operative treatment for these stones should be systematic. Post-operative complications should diminish as a result of pre- and immediate post-operative exchange transfusions. PMID- 6518616 TI - [Non-operative/conservative treatment of hemoperitoneum in children]. AB - The authors present 34 cases of the traumatic hemoperitoneum with nonoperative/conservative treatment followed up in the past five years. The cases of hemoperitoneum are divided into three categories: hemorrhagic shock; stable clinic status; unstable clinic status. The first category included the cases of operational emergency, the other two categories were treated in the intensive care unit; the most of them needed no operation. The punction and punction-lavage of the peritoneum was systematically carried out and it was a therapeutic step of draining out the blood and appreciating the importance of hemoperitoneum. If laparotomy was requested initially or later on, a conservative surgery was used: spleen-hepatorrhaphy, partial splenectomy, selective arterial ligations, splenic replantation. PMID- 6518617 TI - [A new case of thymolipoma in a child]. AB - The authors report one new case of thymolipoma of child. Rare affection, its clinically latent and fortuitous discovery. The plain radiographic can orient the diagnosis in pre-operative. The recurrences after a complete surgical traitement are exceptional, witch confer these disease a good prognosis. PMID- 6518618 TI - [Crypto-hypospadias: a new therapeutic approach]. AB - The AA present 26 cases of crypto-hypospadias traited by different methods. Particularly they describe a new technique, suitable to avoid urethroplasty; it consists in a wide mobilization of the urethra as Koff (modified) and a plasty of the tunica albuginea on the dorsal aspect of the shaft as Nesbit (modified). The first results are much satisfactories. PMID- 6518619 TI - [Sacroiliac osteochondritis]. AB - Reporting a clinical observation, the authors emphasize upon the scarceness of sacroiliac osteochondritis. Sacroiliac osteochondritis is difficult to recognize, it is rather frequently a case of diagnosis by elimination, which can be only confirmed by the course. Its prognosis is excellent. The best management is strict rest. PMID- 6518620 TI - [Treatment of congenital convex foot]. AB - In the surgical management of congenital pes valgus, vertical talus is the hardiest deformity to be reduced. By opening the lower tibio-fibular joint, associated with classic capsulotomies and tendons-lengthening, the authors have reduced vertical talus easily in three feet, for two children. One of them had a myopathy (central core disease), the other had a muscular hypotonia by cerebral palsy. Morphological results are good, but the function remains fair, due to the muscular weakness, that is usual in these lesions. PMID- 6518621 TI - Cysteine uptake and taurine biosynthesis in freshly isolated and primary cultured rat hepatocytes. AB - Analysis of the uptake and metabolism of [14C]cysteine in rat liver was undertaken using freshly isolated hepatocytes and hepatocytes maintained in primary culture. The uptake of [14C]cysteine by freshly isolated hepatocytes was by means of both saturable and non-saturable transport systems and the former system was thought to involve facilitated diffusion. The uptake of [14C]cysteine by hepatocytes maintained in primary culture for 24 h also consisted of non saturated and saturated transport mechanisms. The magnitude of the saturable transport system in cultured hepatocytes was, however, much greater than that found in freshly isolated hepatocytes, and was considered to be operated by active transport. Both freshly isolated and primary cultured hepatocytes had cysteine sulphinic acid decarboxylase activity, but this enzyme activity in the latter cells was noticeably reduced in comparison with that found in freshly isolated hepatocytes. Hepatocytes maintained in primary culture produced not only radiolabelled taurine, but also radiolabelled cysteine sulphinic acid, hypotaurine and alanine when incubated with [14C]cysteine. The present results indicate that cultured hepatocytes actively transport cysteine as well as metabolizing cysteine to taurine via cysteine sulphinic acid and hypotaurine. PMID- 6518622 TI - Plasma ornithine carbamyl transferase level as an indicator of ischaemic injury of rat liver. AB - The activity of ornithine carbamyl transferase (OCT) and glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT) in serum has been correlated with the extent of necrosis 24 h after different periods of ischaemia in rat liver. The extent of necrosis has been quantified as the volume density of necrosis in the total ischaemic liver lobes using tetranitro BT. The GPT-activity in serum is maximal between 1 and 5 h after different periods of ischaemia, whereas OCT reaches its maximum between 5 and 12 h after ischaemia. The total amount of leaked enzyme-activity as well as the peak value give a linear correlation with the extent of necrosis for OCT and GPT. There is a difference between the character of these two enzymes in that a small leakage of GPT does not indicate liver cell necrosis later on. However, the appearance of OCT in the blood, an enzyme localized in the mitochondrial matrix, has a predictive value for the extent of necrosis, likely to occur later on. GPT, an enzyme from the cytoplasm, can also occur in the blood during the reversible stage of liver cell damage. PMID- 6518624 TI - DNA-damaging activity of biotic and xenobiotic aldehydes in Chinese hamster ovary cells. AB - Alkaline elution was employed to study DNA damage in CHO-Kl cells treated with a series of biotic and xenobiotic aldehydes. DNA cross-linking was measured in terms of the reduction in the effect of methyl methanesulphonate on the kinetics of DNA elution and was observed in cells treated with formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, methylglyoxal and malonaldehyde. Propionaldehyde, valeraldehyde, hexanal and 4 hydroxynonenal produced DNA single-strand breaks, or lesions which were converted to breaks in alkali. Both types of DNA damage occurred in cells exposed to malealdehyde. These findings support the hypothesis of a carcinogenic effect of the aldehydic products (malonaldehyde, methylglyoxal, propionaldehyde, hexanal, 4 hydroxynonenal) released in biomembranes during lipid peroxidation. PMID- 6518623 TI - Cytophotometric comparisons of DNA levels in neuronal and glial cells of the cerebellum: a comparative study. AB - Several cytochemical studies of the DNA content and ploidy status of neuronal cell nuclei in the central nervous system have reported the occurrence of hyperdiploid amounts of DNA in Purkinje cells and suggest the existence of some type of 'extra' DNA, the biological significance of which is, as yet, unknown. To explore this phenomenon further, the DNA content of glial and Purkinje cell nuclei was determined in several vertebrate species, using the DNA-specific fluorochrome 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) to stain isolated cerebellar nuclei for analysis with a single parameter flow cytometer. The Feulgen reaction for DNA was used to stain liver and cerebellar tissue imprints for the measurement of individual nuclei with a Vickers M86 integrating microdensitometer. In both types of analyses, chicken erythrocyte nuclei served as an internal reference standard of 2.5 pg DNA per cell. The mean DNA content of Purkinje cells and glial or granule cells was essentially the same as that found for diploid (2C) non-neuronal cells, such as hepatocytes, in rainbow trout, Amazon molly fish, salamander (Plethodon), mouse, rat, rabbit, cat, dog, monkey and human. Although Purkinje cell nuclei with 4C DNA levels were found in all of these species, except salamander and rabbit, the frequency of such cells was low (1-7%) and varied with the species. There was a low incidence of Purkinje cell nuclei with interclass DNA amounts in all species examined. Our data show that most neuronal cell nuclei in the cerebellum contain 2C levels of DNA. PMID- 6518625 TI - Induction of cytochrome(s) P450-dependent drug metabolism in cultured MH1C1 hepatoma cells. AB - A cell line derived from a Morris hepatoma, MH1C1, was examined for its in vitro expression of monooxygenases. These cells were found to contain different forms of cytochrome P450, as shown by the response to inducers, namely phenobarbital (PB), 3-methylcholanthrene (MC) and metyrapone (MP). MH1C1 cell monolayers exposed to PB or MC showed an increase in the concentration of two spectrally distinct forms of cytochrome P450. The PB and MC treatments elicited enzyme activities towards the substrates aminopyrine and benzo(a)pyrene, respectively. The cell treatment with metyrapone led to a simultaneous stimulation of aminopyrine demethylase and benzo(a)pyrene hydroxylase activities, so underlining the peculiar features of this inducer. PMID- 6518626 TI - Quantitative and qualitative changes of plasma membrane glycoproteins in the early period of liver regeneration. AB - Alterations of cell surface glycoconjugates have been observed in many developing systems and may be important in the physiological control of growth and differentiation. Liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy is a suitable model in which to study the regulatory mechanisms of cell proliferation in vivo. We have isolated the sinusoidal plasma membrane of hepatocytes at different times after partial hepatectomy. The sialic acid content and the SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis pattern of glycoproteins were determined. A decrease of periodic acid-Schiff-profiles, a change in the binding capacities of 125I-concanavalin A, a reduction of the sialic acid content and the appearance and disappearance of specific components have been observed during the pre-replicative phase of liver regeneration. These findings during this early period are consistent with the active involvement of the plasma membrane glycoproteins in the transition of cells to the proliferative state. PMID- 6518627 TI - [Studies on malaria surveillance methods in the final stage of malaria eradication in Kaili County, Guizhou]. PMID- 6518628 TI - [Effect of malaria control in Pinjiang Commune, Rongjiang County, Guizhou]. PMID- 6518629 TI - [The role of Anopheles lesteri anthropophagus in malaria transmission in Jianghuai Region, Anhui]. PMID- 6518630 TI - [Ten-year antimalarial experience in Zhengzhou]. PMID- 6518631 TI - [Observations on criteria of ovarian diapause in Culex pipiens pallens and its hormone control]. PMID- 6518632 TI - [An analysis of blood smear examinations of 10,566 cases of fever in Wangmo County, Guizhou]. PMID- 6518633 TI - [Residual blood schizontocidal activity of pyronaridine against rodent malaria]. PMID- 6518634 TI - [Studies on the biological characteristics and the strain-type of Plasmodium cynomolgi maintained in China]. PMID- 6518635 TI - [Correlations between imported sources of infection and the incidence of malaria in hypo-endemic area]. PMID- 6518636 TI - [Report of 4 cases of relapsing malaria induced by corticosterone]. PMID- 6518638 TI - [Nocturnal activity of Anopheles minimus in Rongxian County, Guangxi]. PMID- 6518637 TI - [49 cases of cerebral malaria in the Sudan]. PMID- 6518639 TI - [Bionomics, malaria transmission and control of Anopheles balabacensis balabacensis]. PMID- 6518640 TI - [A report of 15 cases of transfusion-induced malaria]. PMID- 6518641 TI - [Hookworm infection in 54 countries in Jiangsu]. PMID- 6518642 TI - [Clinical analysis of 112 cases of macrocytic anemia caused by pyrimethamine salt]. PMID- 6518643 TI - [Gonotrophic cycle of Anopheles sinensis in the north of Yanchen, Jiangsu]. PMID- 6518644 TI - [Quantitative determination of cysts from patients with intestinal protozoan infections]. PMID- 6518646 TI - [Preliminary observation on the susceptibility of Tupaia belangeri chinensis to malaria parasites]. PMID- 6518645 TI - [Clinical analysis of 44 cases of cerebral malaria in children]. PMID- 6518647 TI - [A case of dermamyiasis caused with Hypoderma lineatum larva]. PMID- 6518649 TI - Protein dependence of digoxin determination on the Abbott-TDX. AB - The protein dependence of digoxin quantitation on the Abbott TDX was evaluated. An inverse relationship was found to exist between protein concentration and digoxin levels in samples that were deproteinized with 50 g/L trichloroacetic acid prior to assay. This was especially evident in the protein range from 30-60 g/L where a 30% decrease in digoxin concentration was observed. Recovery studies using 125I-digoxin showed that this decrease could be totally accounted for by a decreased recovery of digoxin in the trichloroacetic acid supernatant. The serum based calibrators used to establish the standard curve on the instrument showed similar recoveries to serum samples. The reduced recovery does not pose accuracy problems as long as the protein concentrations of the patient samples and calibrators are similar. The clinical and operational implications of this observation are discussed. PMID- 6518648 TI - Drug-protein binding interferences caused by the plasticizer TBEP. AB - Tris (2-butoxyethyl) phosphate (TBEP) is a plasticizer used in the rubber stoppers of evacuated blood collection tubes which disrupts the binding of basic drugs to the carrier protein alpha-1-acid glycoprotein (AAG). When blood drawn for therapeutic monitoring is exposed to TBEP, drug-protein binding is disrupted leading to increased free drug which is taken into red blood cells, resulting in decreased serum drug levels. Units of donor blood were spiked with quinidine or lidocaine and then exposed under various conditions to stoppers with and without TBEP. Total drug levels were determined by enzyme immunoassay as were free drug levels after equilibrium dialysis. AAG levels were determined by rate nephelometry. TBEP lowered quinidine levels by 11% at 8.20 mumol/L and by 32% at 4.38 mumol/L; lidocaine levels were reduced by 10% at 32.39 mumol/L and by 18% at 12.74 mumol/L. Exposure to TBEP increased free lidocaine from 66.7% to 80.0% of total lidocaine in the serum. The TBEP effect is diminished when the AAG level is low. PMID- 6518650 TI - Simplified method for enzymatic urine oxalate assay. AB - A procedure for the quantitative determination of oxalate in urine suitable for use in clinical laboratories is described. Oxalate is extracted from urine and subsequently assayed by measuring the amount of hydrogen peroxide produced in an oxidation reaction catalyzed by oxalate oxidase. The reproducibility of the method was assessed by within-run and day-to-day reproducibility studies and the accuracy of the method was assessed by determining the amount of oxalate recovered in spiked urine samples. The correlation obtained between the method described here and a reference method was 0.976. PMID- 6518651 TI - CPK and CPK-MB in the early diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction and prediction of infarcted area. AB - This study was carried out on patients of a coronary unit to evaluate the diagnostic efficiency of total CPK and CPK-MB by using different analytical techniques: catalytic, immunoassisted, cellulose acetate electrophoresis, radioimmunoassay and immunoradiometric assay. The behaviour of the enzyme was studied in all patients with reference to the localization and extent of the infarct. In all cases a diagnostic algorithm was followed based on the combined use of CPK and its MB isoenzyme; the activity was measured twice, at three-hour intervals after admission. In this way the utilization of total CPK and MB isoenzyme allows almost complete diagnostic efficiency within the first 9 hours from onset of chest pain, together with the possibility of calculating the slope of the curve of MB isoenzyme release useful for calculating infarct size. Maximum diagnostic efficiency is also obtained in cases of small infarcts, with silent ECG, and those difficult to classify clinically. PMID- 6518652 TI - The influence of season and of sex on the serum level of total IgE and on the distribution of allergen-specific IgE. AB - Serum IgE levels were higher in males than in females. The number of positive RAST results peaked in April and November. Timothy grass, birch, cat and dog epithelia and horse dander, house dust, egg and peanut showed a seasonal variation. There was a difference in allergenic specificity between men and women. PMID- 6518653 TI - Cerebral function monitor studies in neonates. AB - Cerebral function monitor (CFM) recordings were obtained from 107 neonates, considered by pediatricians to be neurologically normal on discharge from hospital. Maturational changes in sleep patterns for the tracings over the conceptional age range 30 to 43 weeks were quantified and the resulting EEG measures analyzed statistically. When tracings obtained from neonates of less than three weeks chronological age were considered, significant correlations were found with the weight of the neonate at the time of the recording. For tracings of premature neonates obtained at the mean chronological age of six weeks a relationship was found between EEG measures and Apgar scores. These results are discussed in relation to the mature neonatal EEG, and it is suggested that the CFM provides a simple additional method of assessment. PMID- 6518654 TI - Neonatal status epilepticus I: Clinical aspects. AB - Fifteen newborns with neonatal status epilepticus were prospectively identified from a protocol of convulsion in the newborn, at the neonatal intensive care unit. The mean postnatal age was 7.1 days, with fourteen full term babies and one premature. Previous complications during childbirth existed in twelve infants. The principal etiology associated was hypoxic-ischemic-encephalopathy, and four patients died. In thirteen cases the antecedent of subtle seizures existed; only in four cases was status epilepticus suspected. Difficulty in clinical recognition makes it necessary to perform an EEG on each newborn with risk factors, abnormal neurological manifestations, or with prolonged and or repeated hypoxic perinatal antecedents. PMID- 6518655 TI - Neonatal status epilepticus II: Electroencephalographic aspects. AB - A prospective study of 15 newborns were identified with NSE. In 11 cases the findings were electrical only without clinical manifestations (ENSE), and the other four presented simultaneously clinical seizures and electrical discharges (ECNSE). PMID- 6518656 TI - Management of infants and children for electroencephalography. PMID- 6518657 TI - Small sharp spikes revisited: further data on this controversial pattern. AB - This study investigated the question of whether small sharp spikes (SSS) are associated with seizures (sz) or represent a completely normal finding. From an EEG laboratory with many referrals with epilepsy, a 48% incidence of clinical sz in pts with SSS was significantly higher than the 15% in pts with normal EEGs, but lower than the 78% in pts with SSS and other paroxysms; the type of sz in the SSS pts was more often partial than the sz associated with normal EEGs. When abnormal records with other non-controversial paroxysms were followed for up to 32 yrs and changed to normal tracings, a decrease in sz was found significantly more often than when the paroxysms were replaced by SSS. In addition, if pts with only SSS lost this pattern in time, sz also tended to resolve, as opposed to sz remaining in the majority who continued to show the SSS pattern. A clear inverse relationship was found between the incidence of sz and age in pts with this waveform. Our evidence argues against the SSS as a completely normal finding, but instead suggests that it is a pattern with a moderate degree of epileptogenicity that is clearly age-dependent. PMID- 6518658 TI - EEG features in post-traumatic syndrome. AB - Standard and 24-hour ambulatory EEG recordings were performed on 54 patients with post-traumatic syndrome that developed after minor closed head trauma or whiplash neck injuries. Paroxysmal activity occurred in 9.2% of patients, either specific or non-specific. While being monitored, 24 patients experienced symptoms typical of this disorder without concurrent EEG abnormalities. No patient exhibited abnormalities in the 24-hour ambulatory recording alone. The symptoms of post traumatic syndrome were not epileptogenic and the overall incidence of EEG abnormalities in this disorder was low, contradicting some previous reports. PMID- 6518659 TI - Midline spike discharges: clinical and EEG correlates. AB - Thirty-four tracings in 32 patients had spike discharges recorded at Cz and Pz electrodes. Midline spikes showed strong correlations with clinical seizures; 91% had epileptic seizures of diverse types. Over two-thirds of the patients were neurologically impaired. Midline spikes most probably originate from discharging lesions of the mesial or paramedian region of the cerebral cortex. PMID- 6518660 TI - Clinical correlates of very fast beta activity in the EEG. AB - Beta activity of 30-40 hz is rarely encountered, and has been reported to be more common in retarded individuals and those with psychiatric disorders. Of 3752 records in 1982-83, 0.8 percent demonstrated beta activity of 30 hz or faster, with a disproportionate representation of psychiatric symptoms and mental retardation in comparison with the general EEG referral population. No other specific correlations were evident, but the activity also occurred in neurologically and psychiatrically normal individuals. Although these findings may imply an association between very fast beta activity and psychiatric illness or mental subnormality, that association may be spurious or nonspecific in view of the small and heterogenous population demonstrating this type of beta activity. Controversy concerning very fast beta activity, as well as other infrequent or controversial patterns, may be lessened by application of spectral analysis and statistical techniques which are increasingly available for clinical EEG studies. PMID- 6518661 TI - Proceedings of the High Blood Pressure Research Council of Australia. Melbourne, December 1983. PMID- 6518662 TI - Sodium detection threshold and preference for sodium chloride in humans on high and low sodium diets. AB - Sodium detection threshold and preference for sodium chloride was examined in human volunteers on 2 week periods of high and low salt diets. There was no significant difference in salivary electrolytes or sodium detection threshold between the high and low salt diet periods. Sodium preference, defined as the final sodium concentration of unsalted tomato juice following the ad libitum addition of NaCl, was significantly less on the low salt diet when compared to the high salt period. These results suggest that short periods of dietary salt modification can result in marked shifts in preference for NaCl in the absence of changes in the physiological parameters measured. PMID- 6518664 TI - Supine hypertension, blood pressure variability and circadian rhythm in autonomic failure: the role of ambulatory intra-arterial monitoring. AB - Blood pressure variation over 24 h was studied in twelve subjects with suspected or established autonomic failure using ambulatory intra-arterial monitoring. Three subjects who had been previously diagnosed as having orthostatic hypotension due to autonomic failure were found to have normal circulatory reflexes. A generally consistent circadian variation of blood pressure was seen in the other nine subjects, pressure rising gradually from its lowest point early in the morning to a peak during the early part of the night; this pattern was also found during bed rest in four subjects. Supine hypertension (an hourly mean blood pressure of greater than 170/90 mmHg) not suspected from sphygmomanometric readings was observed in four subjects, generally during the night. Heart rate variability was reduced in six subjects while short-term blood pressure variability was markedly increased. PMID- 6518663 TI - Serotonin enhances sympathetic vasoconstrictor responses in rat isolated perfused tail artery by activation of postjunctional serotonin-2 receptors. AB - The effects of serotonin and the selective serotonin-2 receptor antagonist ketanserin have been investigated on sympathetic vasoconstrictor responses in rat isolated perfused/superfused proximal tail artery segments. Serotonin (6 nmol/l) markedly enhanced responses to low frequency, short duration electrical stimulation (0.1 ms pulses at 1 Hz for 10 s). Serotonin (6 nmol/l) had a very slight (less than 10 mmHg) direct vasoconstrictor effect. Both the enhancing effect of serotonin on responses to electrical stimulation and the slight direct vasoconstrictor effect were blocked by ketanserin (3 nmol/l). Ketanserin (3 nmol/l) had no significant effect on resting tone or on responses to electrical stimulation. It is concluded that serotonin enhances sympathetic vasoconstrictor responses in rat tail artery by activation of postjunctional serotonin-2 receptors. Blockade of this effect by ketanserin is entirely consistent with its antihypertensive effect in vivo. PMID- 6518665 TI - Effect of antihypertensive drugs on neonatal blood pressure. AB - This study evaluates the perinatal outcome of infants born to ninety-five mothers with hypertension in pregnancy whose blood pressure was treated in a double blind trial comparing clonidine hydrochloride (C) and alpha-methyldopa (A). There were no fetal deaths and two neonatal deaths, giving a perinatal mortality of 2%. There was no significant difference between Groups C and A with regard to the gestation or weight at birth, incidence of intrauterine growth retardation, or condition at birth as judged by Apgar scores and acid-base status. No infant in either group developed significant hypotension or rebound hypertension. The blood pressure was not significantly different between Groups C and A, and controls. In each of these three groups there was a similar significant rise in systolic blood pressure with age. PMID- 6518666 TI - Vasoconstrictor effects of uridine and its nucleotides and their inhibition by adenosine. AB - Uridine, uridine monophosphate (UMP) and uridine diphosphate (UDP) increased blood pressure when infused into intact anaesthetized rats and had similar effects on the perfusion pressure in the rat isolated perfused kidney. In an isolated vascular preparation, the everted rat portal vein, uridine was without effect while UMP and UDP caused log dose-related increases in contractile work. Adenosine infused at a dose of 200 nmol/kg per min blocked the response to uridine in the intact rat, converting it to a depressor response at higher doses, and reduced the response to UMP. Uridine may need to be phosphorylated to UMP to act on blood vessels. The two compounds are effective at similar dose ranges and suppress renin secretion in the isolated kidney, while UDP, which is effective at lower doses and stimulates renin secretion, may act by a different mechanism. Adenosine competes for membrane transport with uridine but its inhibition of the effects of UMP is consistent with activity at intracellular sites as well. PMID- 6518667 TI - Concern about gain: is this the best measure of performance of cardiovascular reflexes? AB - Open-loop gain is commonly used as a measure of the effectiveness of cardiovascular reflex control systems. There is no evidence that directly measured baroreflex gain for heart rate gives useful information about blood pressure control in human or experimental hypertension. Calculation of open-loop gain for blood pressure from closed-loop observations requires many assumptions to be made. Calculation of the independent and interactive effects of reflex inputs by factorial analysis may be more versatile, and give a more useful expression of the actions and interactions of cardiovascular reflexes in response to physiological disturbances, than does the calculation of gain. PMID- 6518668 TI - Role of prostaglandins during reversal of one-kidney, one-clip hypertension in the rat. AB - Unclipping the one-kidney, one-clip rat returned blood pressure to normotensive levels within 24 h and was associated with a substantial increase in urinary PGE2 and 6-keto PGF1 alpha excretion. Prior treatment with indomethacin (6.0 mg/kg) markedly reduced urinary prostaglandins after clip removal and attenuated the fall in blood pressure. Aspirin (100 mg/kg) treatment, which reduced 6-keto PGF1 alpha to a lesser degree without altering PGE2 excretion, had no significant effect on the blood pressure fall. It is suggested that in the one-kidney, one clip rat prostaglandins are released as the result of exposing the unclipped kidney to elevated arterial pressure, and that these contribute to the subsequent fall in blood pressure. PMID- 6518669 TI - Adjunctive effect of salt restriction on antihypertensive efficacy. AB - The effect of dietary salt restriction on blood pressure was measured in patients with moderate hypertension receiving antihypertensive medication. Patients were studied during a randomly allocated 6 week period of moderate dietary salt restriction and during a 6 week period of normal diet. Twenty-four of twenty eight patients achieved a reduction of salt excretion exceeding 20%. In these patients mean urinary sodium excretion fell from 169 (s.e.m. = 13) mmol/24 h to 92 (s.e.m. = 7) mmol/24 h. Potassium excretion and body weight did not change, and with the exception of the erect systolic pressure, there was no overall change in blood pressure. When the data were grouped according to the patient medication, mean supine systolic pressure fell from 148.9 (s.e.m. = 4.4) to 140.3 (s.e.m. = 5.0) mmHg (n = 14, P greater than 0.05) and mean supine diastolic pressure fell from 100.8 (s.e.m. = 2.9) to 97.0 (s.e.m. = 2.8) mmHg (n = 14, P greater than 0.05) in patients taking diuretics. Blood pressure did not change in patients whose medication did not include diuretics. Moderate dietary salt restriction may be therapeutically useful in patients with moderate hypertension treated with diuretics but is of little value in those not receiving diuretics. PMID- 6518670 TI - Facilitation of noradrenergic transmission by locally generated angiotensin II in guinea-pig isolated atria and in the perfused caudal artery of the rat. AB - In guinea-pig isolated atria, angiotensin I and angiotensin II produced concentration dependent increases in the rate of spontaneous beating and in the release of noradrenaline produced by field stimulation of sympathetic nerves. In rat isolated caudal artery preparations, both angiotensin I and angiotensin II had direct vasoconstrictor actions and also produced concentration dependent increases in constrictor responses to periarterial sympathetic stimulation. All the above effects of angiotensin I and angiotensin II were blocked by the receptor antagonist saralasin, but only those of angiotensin I were blocked by the converting enzyme inhibitor enalaprilat (MK-422). The findings confirm that angiotensin II generated locally from precursor angiotensin I within cardiac and vascular tissues may modulate noradrenergic transmitter release. PMID- 6518671 TI - Lesions of the ventrolateral medulla in normal and vasopressin-deficient (Brattleboro) rats. AB - The cardiovascular response to electrolytic lesions of the A1 noradrenaline cell group (A1 lesion) were studied in the rat. A1 lesions in normal rats cause acute hypertension and bradycardia and elevate plasma arginine-vasopressin (AVP), as previously described in the rabbit. After A1 lesions in vasopressin deficient rats the hypertension is not reduced compared to that seen in normal rats, but the bradycardia is attenuated. AVP makes a greater contribution to the bradycardia than to the hypertension after A1 lesions. PMID- 6518672 TI - Nephritis among young Finnish men. AB - During an eight-year period (1975-1982) 174 military conscripts (out of a total of 314,000) were submitted to Helsinki University Central Hospital, Fourth Department of Medicine, on suspicion of renal disease. Eighty-four had isolated hematuria, 61 hematuria and concomitant proteinuria and 29 persistent proteinuria. In 100 of them the urinary abnormality was an incidental finding, 62 suffered from symptoms of infection and the rest had other complaints. A renal biopsy was performed, yielding a representative sample in 171 cases, after other causes of the urinary abnormality had been excluded. Morphological analysis showed that 131 patients had glomerulonephritis, IgA nephropathy being the most common type (70 patients). Tubulo-interstitial nephritis was seen in two cases, and nephrocalcinosis in one. Among 37 cases with apparently normal glomeruli under light microscopy, immunofluorescence analysis revealed glomerular deposits other than IgA in 19 cases and no deposits in 15 (three were inadequate for this analysis). On the basis of the figures in this study the average number of annually detected cases of nephritis was 48 per 100,000 Finnish conscripts. During the same period an annual average of 46 per 100,000 young men were exempted from military service because of nephritis, giving an overall figure of 94 cases of nephritis detected annually per 100,000 young Finnish men. PMID- 6518673 TI - Decreased filtration fraction during active proliferative lupus nephritis: relation to disease activity and reversibility of renal function. AB - Nine consecutive patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) were studied longitudinally for glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and effective renal plasma flow (ERPF) during ten exacerbations of severe proliferative glomerulonephritis. At the onset of exacerbation, GFR decreased significantly whereas ERPF did not fall; the latter even increased in some patients. As a consequence mean filtration fraction (FF), the ratio of GFR and ERPF, fell from 0.20 to 0.10. At maximum exacerbation, both GFR and ERPF had decreased without change in FF. During remission FF rose to pre-exacerbation values as a result of increase in GFR without change in ERPF. We conclude that changes in FF reflect changes in renal haemodynamics in patients with SLE and active proliferative glomerulonephritis. Determination of FF may be of some value in assessing renal disease activity and the degree of reversibility of renal function in those patients. PMID- 6518674 TI - IgG subclass composition of monomeric and polymeric IgG in the serum of patients with nephrotic syndrome. AB - The serum levels of immunoglobulins G, A and M and of the four subclasses of IgG have been measured in 54 patients with the nephrotic syndrome; 27 had minimal change disease (MCD), 9 membranous glomerulopathy (MGN), 5 focal glomerulosclerosis (FGS), 5 proliferative glomerulonephritis (PGN) and 8 miscellaneous forms of nephrotic syndrome (Table 1). Low levels of IgG and A, previously described in MCD, were found in all histological diagnoses; only about half the cases of MCD showed a high IgM. Measurement of the subclasses IgG 1-4 showed all to be depressed. Proportionately, however, the IgG2 was most affected (8.8% total IgG, cf 18.3% controls). Urinary protein loss, either total or IgG, only partially correlated with IgG suppression, while IgG2 in the urine usually comprised an even lower proportion of total IgG than in serum. The polyethylene glycol (PEG) 6,000 precipitate from serum at 4% concentration was also examined for IgG and subclasses in MCD (27 cases), MGN (9 cases) and PGN (3 cases). Raised levels above those of 14 normal controls were found in nearly all cases of MCD, even in remission, but in no cases of MGN. In MCD no IgG4 was found in any of the precipitates, while IgG2 was proportionately raised (22% of total) in the precipitate as compared with whole serum (8.8%). Serial studies on 9 adults (3 MCD, 3 MGN, 1 FGS, 1 PGN, 1 IgA nephropathy) showed only that the low levels of IgG and subclasses were associated with relapses and reverted toward normal in remission. PMID- 6518676 TI - More on IgA nephropathy in a patient with ankylosing spondylitis and a solitary kidney. PMID- 6518675 TI - Excretion of Tamm-Horsfall glycoprotein in renal disease. AB - Urinary Tamm-Horsfall glycoprotein (TH) excretion was measured by radioimmunoassay in 98 patients (55 men), aged 43.8 +/- 13.5 years, with renal disease. The radioimmunoassay was not affected by the urinary protein concentrations encountered. TH excretion (19 +/- 18 mg/24 h) was significantly lower than that in normals (39 +/- 13 mg/24 h; p less than 0.001) and was not related to age, sex or urine volume (1867 +/- 848 ml). TH excretion was not influenced directly by the degree of proteinuria (0.1-20.3 g/24 h), nor by variations in proteinuria with changes in disease activity or albumin infusions. There was a positive correlation between TH excretion and creatinine clearance less than 80 ml/min (r = 0.69, p less than 0.001). Patients with polycystic kidney disease had a disproportionate reduction in TH excretion with reduction in creatinine clearance. A major factor for the lessened excretion of TH in renal disease is probably a reduction in the number of functional distal tubular cells. PMID- 6518677 TI - Hypermineralocorticoidism due to topical application of 9 alpha fluoroprednisolone. PMID- 6518678 TI - Opportunistic peritonitis in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. PMID- 6518679 TI - Siblings with IgA nephropathy and diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis, without mesangial IgA deposits (PGN), associated with identical HL-A antigens. PMID- 6518680 TI - Medicare in Canada: a biased view. PMID- 6518681 TI - Endocrine, cytogenetic and psychometric features of patients with X-isochromosome 46, X, i(Xq) Turner's syndrome: a preliminary study in nine patients. AB - The 46, X, i(Xq) karyotype of isochromosome for the long arm of the X chromosome has been found to be a frequent structural abnormality in Turner's syndrome. To characterize the endocrine, metabolic, and psychometric features of such patients, nine subjects, aged 12 to 49 years, with this specific cytogenetic abnormality were studied. Although eight of the nine patients had a mosaic chromosome pattern, five had a greater proportion of i(Xq) cells than XO cells, and in four of these the proportion of i(Xq) cells was over 80%. Eight of the nine isochromosomes were metacentric and most had a single C-band. Two subjects were hypothyroid, six had thyroid antibodies present and five had parietal cell antibodies. Oral glucose tolerance testing was abnormal in three and elevated insulin levels were present in an additional two subjects. Psychometric testing showed some discrepancy between verbal and performance I.Q. scores, the performance scores generally being lower. Thus, thyroiditis, insulin insensitivity and diabetes mellitus, parietal cell antibodies, and a relatively low performance I.Q. are found in some of the 46, X, i(Xq) Turner's syndrome patients. The highest thyroid antibodies were present in the four subjects in whom more than 80% of cells were 46, X, i(Xq). Two of these subjects also had diabetes mellitus and three had antiparietal cell antibodies. These findings suggest an association of autoimmune disease with this particular cytogenetic abnormality. PMID- 6518682 TI - Significance of ST-segment depression in inferior leads in patients with acute anterior infarction. AB - Coronary arteriographic findings in patients with acute transmural anterior infarction were studied from 33 patients (30 men and 3 women). Their ages ranged from 28 to 76 years with a mean of 50 years. In 18 patients, ST depression of less than 1 mm in leads II, III and a VF was observed and these contributed to Group A. The remaining 15 patients in whom ST depression in these leads measured 1 mm or more formed Group B. All 33 patients had significant disease of the anterior descending branch of the left coronary artery but in Group A, only 5 (28%) had significant disease of either the right coronary artery (RCA) or the circumflex (CIRC) branch of the left coronary artery (or both) whereas these added lesions were noted in 12 (80%) of the patients in Group B. This was a significant difference (p less than 0.01). The mean peak plasma creatinine phosphokinase (IU/L) in Group B (2475 +/- 1111 S.D.) was greater (p less than 0.005) than in Group A (1147 +/- 998). The mean ejection fraction of 62.6 +/- 14.1% in Group A was higher (p less than 0.001) than that in Group B (40.3 +/- 13%). There was no relation between the duration of ST-segment depression in leads II, III and a VF and the presence of RCA/CIRC stenosis. Also, no correlation was noted between the presence of collateral circulation and the development of ST-segment depression.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6518683 TI - Specific HPLC assay for serum nifedipine. AB - A method has been devised for the sensitive, specific and reproducible estimation of nifedipine in human serum. The assay is based on reverse-phase HPLC of an ether extract of serum at pH 9 using nisoldipine as internal standard. The two compounds are detected and quantitated by spectrophotometry at 350 nm. The mean recovery of nifedipine added to blank serum (60-250 ng/ml) was 70%, with a minimum detectable level of 10 ng/ml. Replicate determinations of patients' serum nifedipine (90-150 ng/ml) yielded coefficients of variation of 3.3%. Twelve drugs and non-prescription medicaments which could be ingested at the same time as nifedipine were assessed for interference with the assay but none were found to do so. The rates of absorption and peak serum levels of nifedipine were compared in normo- and hypertensive subjects who received sublingually a single 10 mg dose of the drug. Half the subjects displayed mean maximum serum levels of 148 +/- 34 ng/ml while the other half achieved only 48 +/- 15 ng/ml. The times required to reach those peak levels varied from 30 min to greater than 60 min. These results suggest that the rate of absorption of this drug varies widely among individuals. No significant differences were observed between the normo- and hypertensive groups. PMID- 6518684 TI - Oncogenic osteomalacia associated with a mesenchymal chondrosarcoma. AB - A patient with phosphaturic osteomalacia without chemical or pathological evidence of hyperparathyroidism and subnormal urinary cyclic AMP excretion was treated with vitamin D and phosphates for 9 months with partial improvement of osteomalacia, but not phosphaturia. Subsequent removal of a mesenchymal chondrosarcoma of the foot led to prompt resolution of phosphaturia and healing of the osteomalacia. Although 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D levels were not obtained before vitamin D therapy, the levels noted during continued severe phosphaturia preoperatively were not lower than those obtained several months postoperatively during the healing phase. Studies done 1 year after tumor removal showed normalization of phosphaturia, urinary cyclic AMP, and bone histology. We suggest that the tumor elaborated products which promoted nonparathyroid mediated phosphate excretion independently from any effects on vitamin D metabolism. PMID- 6518685 TI - Adult type of neuronal ceroid-lipofuscinosis with retinal involvement. AB - A rare case of Kufs' disease with retinal lesions is reported in which the first symptom of visual disturbances later resulted in total blindness. Various neurologic symptoms and mental deterioration also developed. The total duration of the illness was 32 years. Neuropathologic examination showed extensive ballooned nerve cells filled with lipopigments in the CNS. In the retina there was a thinning with severe loss of rods, cones, and outer nuclear and outer plexiform layers. The remaining ganglion cells of the retina were also ballooned and accumulated with lipopigments. Histochemical and electron microscopic examinations disclosed that the lipopigments in the ballooned neurons of the CNS and the retina were identical with lipofuscin pigments. PMID- 6518686 TI - Clinical and pathological studies of brain injuries in horse-riding accidents: a description of cases and review with a warning to the unhelmeted. AB - We present a clinical and pathological study of brain injuries in horse-riding accidents. Among six fatal cases, all experienced riders varying in age and sex, two were not wearing helmets and four had inadequate protective headgear. Among five non-fatal cases, four wore adequate helmets and only one of these suffered permanent neurological damage. The fifth was not wearing a helmet and although he eventually returned to work, a CT scan following the fall showed a deep-seated perithalamic hematoma. These findings are consistent with those of virtually all other studies in that they suggest that the present type of riding helmet is inadequate and largely unable to absorb the shock of a normal fall. We hope these findings will serve as a warning to those who choose to ride unhelmeted. PMID- 6518688 TI - Cerebral lacunae. A proposed new classification. PMID- 6518687 TI - Ultrastructural study of motoneurons in Werdnig-Hoffmann disease. AB - Ultrastructural studies of the lumbar spinal cord in three children with Werdnig Hoffmann (W-H) disease type Ia revealed numerous small neurons which appeared both atrophic and immature. We compared these motoneurons with anterior horn cells of a 3-month-old child, a 27-week and a 16-week human fetus, and found (1) that the motoneurons were much smaller in W-H disease, and (2) the Nissl substance was peripherally located and less developed. Signs of motoneuron immaturity as well as secondary degenerative changes suggest that in W-H disease neurons die either because they fail to make adequate peripheral contact or because the neurons are genetically intrinsically defective. PMID- 6518689 TI - Tubular aggregates in skeletal muscle: toxic or metabolic nature? PMID- 6518690 TI - [Therapeutic effect of propranolol in patients with orthostatic hypotension]. PMID- 6518691 TI - [Striatal dopamine availability in Parkinson's disease--with reference to the wearing-off phenomenon]. PMID- 6518692 TI - [Computed tomography in chronic Minamata disease (organic mercury poisoning)- quantitative analysis of computed tomography in the most recent cases of Minamata disease]. PMID- 6518693 TI - [Recurrent internal ophthalmoplegia representing "unilateral springing pupil"]. PMID- 6518694 TI - [A case of "pure" progressive autonomic failure presenting orthostatic hypotension, generalized anhidrosis, impotence and anisocoria]. PMID- 6518695 TI - [A case of Arnold-Chiari malformation with macrosquare wave jerks]. PMID- 6518696 TI - [A frequency of basal ganglia calcification by CT scan]. PMID- 6518698 TI - [A case with benign external ophthalmoplegia]. PMID- 6518697 TI - [Causes of death in Fukuyama congenital muscular dystrophy]. PMID- 6518699 TI - [Two cases of chronic toluene intoxication with various central nervous system disorders]. PMID- 6518700 TI - [A case of cervical spinal cord lipoma with an extension into the posterior fossa]. PMID- 6518701 TI - [Minimal Record of Disability in Multiple Sclerosis--its application to Japanese MS patients]. PMID- 6518702 TI - [A case of complex partial seizure with water drinking as an ictal behavior]. PMID- 6518703 TI - [A biochemical study of cholinergic neurons of the post-mortem brains from the patients with Alzheimer-type dementia]. PMID- 6518704 TI - [Peripheral nerve excitability and its response to ischemia in primary hypoparathyroidism]. PMID- 6518705 TI - [Scoliosis and malignant hyperthermia]. PMID- 6518706 TI - ["Pure" progressive autonomic failure--its clinical features and nosological place in systemic degenerative diseases]. PMID- 6518707 TI - [Electrophysiological investigation of experimental ARA-A neuropathy]. PMID- 6518708 TI - [A case of brainstem encephalitis due to herpes simplex virus]. PMID- 6518709 TI - [Measurement of methionine-enkephalin-like immunoreactivity in the cerebrospinal fluid of various neurological patients]. PMID- 6518710 TI - [Biochemical study of experimental peripheral neuropathy. The sequence of changes of peripheral nerve protein in Wallerian degeneration and regeneration]. PMID- 6518711 TI - [A study of neural and circulatory disturbances of the hands in patients with collagen disease--sensory nerve conduction velocity and plethysmography]. PMID- 6518712 TI - [Two cases of benign myopathy; so-called congenital muscular dystrophy, in two female patients]. PMID- 6518713 TI - [Chronic neuropathologic change of experimental Wernicke's encephalopathy]. PMID- 6518714 TI - [Clinical studies of 4 cases of polymyalgia rheumatica]. PMID- 6518715 TI - [A case of MCTD with trigeminal neuropathy and its pharmacological response]. PMID- 6518716 TI - [A case of myasthenia gravis complicated by cortisol-producing adrenal adenoma]. PMID- 6518717 TI - [Anterior pituitary dopamine receptor function in Shy-Drager syndrome]. PMID- 6518718 TI - [Clinical and electromyographical features of 24 cases of Meige's syndrome]. PMID- 6518719 TI - [Early electrodiagnostic measurement of ulnar entrapment neuropathy of the elbow]. PMID- 6518720 TI - Measurement of changes in amino acids related to total collagen in fibrotic human liver. AB - In the liver, total collagen accumulation during the fibrotic or cirrhotic process was measured using a methodology based on the determination of collagen amino acids in liver biopsies from adults with alcoholic liver diseases or children with biliary atresia. The results obtained with this methodology were compared to histopathological findings. Thus, it was shown that generally the severity of hepatic injury was dependent on collagen accumulation. In biliary atresia, collagen accumulation increased with the children's age despite reconstructive surgery and restoration of biliary flow. PMID- 6518721 TI - Iron uptake by the microaerophilic anaerobe Bifidobacterium bifidum var. pennsylvanicus. AB - A system was designed to investigate ferrous iron transport into Bifidobacterium bifidum var. pennsylvanicus. It involved the incubation of the organisms with labeled ferrous iron in the Norris medium at pH 5, in which the bacteria had grown. Iron uptakes were similar under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Ferrous but not ferric iron was taken up by the organisms. Iron uptake showed saturation kinetics and a marked temperature dependence. 2,4-Dinitrophenol and thenoltrifluoroacetate but not azide or trypsin treatment inhibited iron uptake. Zinc inhibited iron uptake competitively. Iron uptake from used medium was much greater than that from fresh medium at the same pH. It is concluded that ferrous iron uptake by the microorganisms is a carrier-mediated active phenomenon, inhibited by zinc, which may involve a substance elaborated into the medium by the organism. PMID- 6518722 TI - Transcatheter embolization of renal tumors with I-125 particles. AB - Remarkably improved survival rates are reported in patients treated for advanced stage renal cell carcinoma by 125I interstitial infarct implant (2y = 50%, 5y = 37% survival). The interstitial implants are seated by transcatheter embolization. The salutory results particularly in patients treated for advanced stage primary lesions and bone metastases suggest the added impact of improved host immune response. The method is recommended for the management of nonresectable neoplasms, neoplasms in a solitary kidney, in patients with medical contraindications to surgical management and to convert unresectable neoplasms into resectable ones. PMID- 6518723 TI - [Bone density determination using 125I-densitometry in idiopathic scoliosis]. AB - The aim of the present study was to find out whether idiopathic scoliosis is associated with a general reduction of the calcium salt content of the bones. The study was conducted in a scoliosis patient group of 48 individuals, using 125I densitometry. PMID- 6518724 TI - [False interpretations of computed tomograms in malignant lymph node diseases of the pelvis and abdomen]. AB - In the presence of a retroperitoneal mass with loss of normal aortic and caval contours no distinction can be made by CT between metastases or malignant lymphoma and primary sarcoma or retroperitoneal fibrosis if a primary tumour is not known. A false diagnose is quite possible if intestinal loops or vessels are considered as enlarged lymph nodes. These pitfalls can be avoided by intravenous application of contrast medium and by filling of all intestinal loops with orally administered contrast medium, in special cases even via a gastric tube. Pitfalls in post-therapeutic changes, like haematoma, scar tissue or lymphocele, are confounded with tumour recurrence of recent metastases and are give false positive results in follow-up examinations. If no regression of lymph node enlargement after therapy is observed, a distinction between active metastases and nodal induration is impossible. False-negative results are due to metastatic, but not enlarged lymph nodes and cannot be avoided by CT. PMID- 6518726 TI - SEARCH program targets rural physician shortage. PMID- 6518725 TI - [Fascioliasis hepatis--computed tomographic aspect]. AB - In a patient with liver fascioliasis (already excreting eggs with the faeces) a CT scan of the liver showed after i. v. contrast injection a relatively characteristic aspect with multiple, small, hypodense areas, partly in formations of bunches of grapes, partly in a street-like arrangement towards the portal vein - bile duct - areas. 9 months later the hypodense lesions had markedly decreased. PMID- 6518727 TI - A study of family practice needs in rural Colorado. PMID- 6518728 TI - The interpretation of measured red cell mass and plasma volume in patients with elevated PCV values. AB - Various formulae using both height and weight have been proposed to interpret measured red cell mass (RCM) and plasma volume (PV). This paper compares four different methods for evaluating these measurements in 50 males with PCV values above 0.51 and three different methods for evaluating results in 50 females with PCV values above 0.49. Overall there was close agreement in the RCM result expressions by all methods for both males and females except at extremes of height and/or weight. The incidence of absolute polycythaemia in both sexes was influenced by the width of the normal range. When this was taken into account overall the incidence of polycythaemia was similar, but in a small number of individuals there were discrepancies of interpretation. These individual patient differences establish that decisions regarding further investigations of a patient must not rest on a strict interpretation of a measured RCM. The various methods of measured PV interpretation gave dissimilar results--in particular by one of the male PV interpretation methods. The differences in the methods almost certainly reflect methodological discrepancies in the original techniques used to establish the normal values. The differences in result expression for PV would however lead to a different incidence of relative, low plasma volume, polycythaemia by the various techniques. PMID- 6518729 TI - Globin-methionine complexes formed during labelling studies. AB - In implementing globin synthetic measurements using our recently described technique of Cellogel separation of 35S-methionine-labelled globin chain we sometimes encountered aberrant results. We discovered the presence of prominent radioactive bands trailing both the alpha and beta globin chains. Such bands were not present when 3H-leucine served as a label. These bands were not due to contaminants in the 35S-methionine. Their formation could be prevented by including in the incubating mixture 1 mM cystine, cysteine or homocysteine. The bands could not be removed by trichloracetic acid or acid acetone precipitation but did disappear almost entirely after prolonged dialysis against a urea containing buffer. The trailing bands appear to represent the result of the firm, but not covalent, binding of methionine to globin during the protein synthetic process. Since methionine is commonly used as a label for newly synthesized protein, this phenomenon may be important not only in the investigation of globin synthesis, but also in the study of the synthesis of other proteins. PMID- 6518730 TI - Platelet aggregometry on whole blood: the use of the ELT 8/ds blood cell counter in the investigation of bleeding disorders. AB - A method is described for measuring platelet aggregation by serial counting of platelets in whole blood, using the Ortho ELT 8/ds blood cell counter. The method is simple, rapid, reproducible and more sensitive to low concentrations of ADP and other agonists than conventional aggregometry on platelet-rich plasma. It can be used as a diagnostic test for disorders of platelet function using as little as 2 ml of whole blood: results in thrombasthenia, Hermansky-Pudlak and Bernard Soulier syndromes and von Willebrand's disease are shown. PMID- 6518731 TI - Chlorambucil-induced myelofibrosis. PMID- 6518733 TI - Symposium on asthma. PMID- 6518732 TI - Comparison of methods used in commercial kits for the assay of serum vitamin B12. PMID- 6518734 TI - Occupational asthma. AB - This article will serve as a guide to the diagnosis of occupational asthma. It contains few particulars about the substances known to cause the illness, and these omissions are intentional. The recommended approach begins with the patient and sometimes, but not always, ends with identification of the offending agent. PMID- 6518735 TI - Transmission of herpes simplex during cardiopulmonary resuscitation training. PMID- 6518736 TI - Problems of managing infections in elderly persons. PMID- 6518737 TI - Wilson's disease: a 1984 perspective. PMID- 6518738 TI - Diagnosis and management of osteoporosis. PMID- 6518739 TI - The effectiveness of assertive training with elderly psychiatric outpatients. AB - The usefulness of assertive training for elderly psychiatric outpatients was assessed through a quasi-experimental evaluation of a program at a community geriatric facility. Elderly clients are frequently labeled as "untreatable" and are therefore often denied therapeutic treatment. This study is an example of the potential effectiveness of applying treatment techniques which have been developed with younger populations to a geriatric population. Nineteen clients, aged 50-75, participated in the study, either as participants in the assertion training or as members of a no-treatment control group. The assertion training consisted of 14 semi-weekly sessions, with coaching and feedback provided by the therapists. Assertive behaviors were assessed through self-report, role play and staff ratings of adaptive behaviors of clients. Pre-intervention comparisons between the groups along these dimensions were nonsignificant. However, post-test assessment indicated a significant between group difference in self-reported assertiveness-(t(17) = 2.69; p less than .05). Dependent t-tests indicated that the experimental group became more assertive (t(9) = 2.59; p less than .05), but the control group did not. Changes as assessed by role play and staff rating did not reach statistical significance. Results which indicate the potential effectiveness of assertive training with this population are discussed in terms of a specificity conceptualization of assertiveness and implications for assertive training with this population. PMID- 6518740 TI - Service utilization by black and white clientele in an urban community mental health center: revised assessment of an old problem. AB - Results of a four-year evaluation project by Harborview Community Mental Health Center to assess equity of service to its black constituency are reported. Demographic, service, and psychometric data were gathered on black and white groups which were compared with each other. It was anticipated that service delivery would be proportionate to the social and psychiatric functioning of patients regardless of race or sex. The expectation was partially confirmed. Black patients were found to be somewhat less impaired than whites, yet were referred to treatment modalities and units with apparent equity. Patterns of service at one year were significantly different, reflecting earlier termination for blacks than for whites. This finding is discussed in the context of equal socio-economic class and diagnostic grouping between ethnic groups, but differing indexes of impairment. PMID- 6518741 TI - Policy shifts and organizational adaptation: a review of current developments. AB - Changes in the operations and structure of local mental health centers are occurring in response to policy and funding shifts at the state and federal levels. Clinical and administrative staffing changes reflect both cutbacks in funding for traditional outpatient and inpatient services, as well as increases in partial care, community, residential and case management services. Centers are diversifying their funding sources, especially through increased revenues from Medicare-Medicaid sources. Governing boards remain active in center policy making, with few changes in their composition. Current adaptation strategies focus mainly on enhancing efficiency, reviewing service costs, expanding services to more viable markets, and improving business practices. These actions and strategies are compared to findings from previous studies, and their implications are discussed. PMID- 6518742 TI - Friends can be good medicine: an excursion into mental health promotion. AB - This paper describes Friends Can Be Good Medicine, a multi-media, mental health promotion campaign conducted in 1982 throughout California. The creative design, pilot-test, implementation and results are reviewed. Conceptually, Friends was derived from evidence linking supportive personal relationships with increased physical and mental health. Three major campaign elements were: broadcast media, an array of educational materials, and community activities. Evaluation findings revealed that Friends was most effective when campaign elements reinforced one another. Resulting changes in knowledge, attitudes, and intentions among those reached by Friends were maintained after one year. It is contended that, for better or worse, mass media is part of the health care system. PMID- 6518743 TI - What the neighbors think: community attitudes toward local psychiatric facilities. AB - We conducted a telephone survey in three boroughs of New York City to assess the impact of proximity to psychiatric facilities on attitudes toward the mentally ill. Six pairs of areas were selected for sampling; within pairs, one area included a facility serving chronically ill psychiatric patients and the other contained no health or mental health facility. Three-quarters of those living within a block of the selected facilities were found to be unaware of their presence. Further, attitudes toward mental illness and patients were not related to proximity to such facilities. These results cumulatively suggest that community psychiatric facilities do not necessarily constitute a personal or community burden as far as the neighbors are concerned. PMID- 6518744 TI - Development of a rural behavioral emergency training program: the Vermont experience. PMID- 6518746 TI - Health-related aspects of lifestyle in general hospital patients. PMID- 6518745 TI - Developing self-esteem in urban youth. AB - A group of Black, urban, teenage males from the Central Detroit catchment area were certified through the Comprehensive Employment and Training Act's (CETA) Summer Youth Employment Program to participate in a Youth and Self-Esteem project. The project's objective was to expose the participants to older Black males who have made significant contributions to community. Through research and direct interviews, we hoped to identify the coping skills which enabled them to survive and excel and share these characteristics and strategies with the youth of today. PMID- 6518747 TI - Monitoring the subjective well-being of chronically ill patients over time. PMID- 6518748 TI - A method of analysing general practitioner decision making concerning home or hospital coronary care. PMID- 6518749 TI - "Give it away for a day": an evaluation of Western Australia's first smoke free day. PMID- 6518750 TI - Australian patterns of tobacco smoking and related health beliefs in 1983. PMID- 6518751 TI - Usable knowledge and expertise: setting the agenda for tobacco reform. PMID- 6518753 TI - Commentary: the draft privacy bill--what the epidemiologist saw. PMID- 6518752 TI - Social class, religion and contraceptive failure in a sample of pregnant women in Brisbane. PMID- 6518754 TI - Commentary: current smoking issues: risks to women and the promotion of tobacco. PMID- 6518755 TI - Red cell metabolism: a comparative study of some mammalian species. AB - The activities of six enzymes--glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD), 6 phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6-PGD), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), catalase and superoxide dismutase (SOD)--and levels of reduced glutathione (GSH) and GSH regeneration rates were measured in the red blood cells of eight mammalian species--rabbit, guinea-pig, rat, golden hamster, sheep, goat, cattle and human. The results show that whereas the activities of G 6-PD, 6-PGD and GR are widely different among the experimental animals, there is no such variation in the activity of SOD. There does not appear to be a relationship between GSH regeneration rate and the activities of G-6-PD, 6-PGD and GR--the enzymes associated with GSH metabolism. PMID- 6518757 TI - Adaptation of fatty acid composition to temperature--a study on carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) liver slices. AB - Liver slices obtained from warm-, and cold-adapted carp were incubated in the presence of [1-14C]sodium acetate, -stearate, -linoleate, and -linolenate at various temperatures and the distribution of radioactivity among different phospholipid fatty acids was determined. Relative labelling of saturated fatty acids is reduced, while that of long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, especially of docosahexanoate, is increased with decreasing temperatures. Liver slices of cold adapted carp produced a fatty acid population at 25 degrees C indistinguishable from that produced by warm adapted ones at the same temperature. Liver slices obtained from cold-, and warm-adapted animals start to reorganise the pattern of labelling immediately after the exposure to the opposite temperatures as evident from pulse-chase labelling experiments. Desaturation of saturated and various unsaturated fatty acids is initiated immediately after down-shift of the temperature. This cold induced increase in desaturase activity is prevented by cycloheximide in the incubation medium. It is concluded that phospholipid fatty acid composition is continuously adjusted to the temperature and is governed partly by temperature coefficient of fatty acid synthetase and partly by induction or deactivation of desaturases in cold and warm, respectively. PMID- 6518756 TI - The characterization of invertebrate troponin C. AB - TNCs from lobster, mussel, and squid migrated with rabbit TNC at an apparent mol. wt of 18,000. Electrophoretic mobilities in the presence or absence of Ca2+ were compared: the electrophoretic mobility of rabbit TNC was greater in the presence of Ca2+ than it its absence, but all invertebrate TNCs tested migrated identically, whether Ca2+ was present or not. The Ca2+-binding capacity of invertebrate TNCs was only one Ca2+ ion per molecule. The alpha-helix contents in the presence or absence of Ca2+ were compared: rabbit TNC changed by a value of 16% and invertebrate TNCs by 4%. Antibodies to loligo TNC did not cross-react with rabbit TNC, but did interact with their molluscan TNCs. PMID- 6518758 TI - Biosynthesis of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdnerii) hemoglobins in vitro. AB - Cell free systems were established to analyze the biosynthesis of trout hemoglobins I, II and III. HbI, II and III were synthesized in trout erythroid cell lysates as well as in a mRNA dependent rabbit reticulocyte lysate supplemented with trout erythroid cell polyA-RNA. The newly synthesized hemoglobins apparently contained the N alpha-acetyl modification at their alpha chain amino terminals since they co-migrated with carrier trout hemoglobins that are known to contain the modification. This observation suggests that the acetylation is determined by the information encoded in the mRNA. PMID- 6518759 TI - Properties of the lysosomes from liver and gill of rainbow trout, Salmo gairdnerii R.: effect of starvation, salinity and 2,4,5-T. AB - Three isolation procedures were used to test the labilization of the lysosomes after adaptation of the animals to seawater, starvation or acute and chronic treatments with 2,4,5-T, an organochlorine pesticide. The lysosomes from gill and liver had different properties with respect to their resistance to osmotic and mechanical shocks, or treatments with digitonin. Starvation induced a significant labilization of the lysosomes in liver, but not in gill. Salinity changes were without effect on the stability of the gill lysosomes, but induced an increase of the specific activity of the lysosomal enzyme beta-acetylglucosaminidase. Acute treatments with 2,4,5-T increased lysosomal fragility in the gill but not in the liver, while chronic treatments with this herbicide increased lysosomal lability in the two tissues. Liver lysosomes were much more susceptible to in vitro treatments with 2,4,5-T than gill lysosomes. The results are discussed with respect to the different functions of gill and liver, their exposure to the environment, and the possible discrimination between different lysosomal populations. PMID- 6518760 TI - Neutral lipid components of eleven species of Caribbean sharks. AB - Eleven species of sharks collected in the Caribbean Sea contained, on a dry weight basis, 21-95% lipid in their livers and 0.4-11% lipid on their muscle tissues. Based upon theoretical calculations, two species of shark (Centrophorus granulosa and Dalatias licha) contained sufficient lipids to allow neutral buoyancy in seawater. In both of the above species, wax esters comprised the major lipid class. Triacylglycerols and hydrocarbons were present in lower concentrations. Deep water sharks generally possessed larger livers containing higher percentages of total lipids and unsaturated hydrocarbons than more shallow dwelling species. PMID- 6518761 TI - An electrophoretic characterization of serum proteins of the collared peccary (Tayassu tajacu). AB - Serum proteins of the collared peccary (Tayassu tajacu) were analyzed by agarose gel electrophoresis for wild adult males and females, nursing young, and reproductively-active females in captivity. Electrophoretic profiles of the adult peccary showed at least six distinct protein bands corresponding to the fractions: albumin, alpha-1, alpha-2, beta-1, beta-2, and gamma globulin. Globulin fractions of the peccary had different mobilities from the domestic swine. The only sexual dimorphisms were associated with the beta globulin:albumin ratio and the albumin:globulin ratio. Ingestion of colostrum in 1-day-old neonates was marked by a very large increase in gamma globulins. The only significant difference between pregnant and lactating females was in the alpha globulin:beta globulin ratio. Lactating females had higher concentrations of alpha-2 globulin than non-pregnant females. PMID- 6518762 TI - Differential biosynthesis of proteins in separated gastric mucosal cells. AB - Rat gastric mucosal cells were separated according to size by rate-zonal sedimentation through a medium containing a gradient of bovine albumin. Numbers and mean sizes of cells indicated two main populations, 430-1000 microns 3 and 1500-2500 microns 3, with a discontinuity between 1000 and 1500 microns 3. Gradient fractions, combined into pools of increasing cell size, synthesized radiolabelled proteins which were resolved by electrophoresis, densitometry and computation. The smallest cells (430-800 microns 3) tended to synthesize radiolabelled proteins with the highest relative specific radioactivities. The decrease in relative specific radioactivity with increase in cell size was compatible with a progression from precursor cells towards the more differentiated state. PMID- 6518763 TI - Biochemical studies on the lipid content of Tilapia nilotica and Sparus auratus. AB - Seasonal variations of total lipids, free fatty acids, triglycerides, phospholipids and cholesterol content of the freshwater fish Tilapia nilotica and the marine fish Sparus auratus were investigated. Male fish of S. auratus showed higher muscular and hepatic total lipids and hepatic free fatty acids than those of T. nilotica (P less than 0.05). The mean differences in gonadal male lipids of the two species were not significant. Tilapia nilotica female fish showed a significantly higher content of hepatic free fatty acids, phospholipids and cholesterol (P less than 0.01, 0.01, 0.05 respectively) and gonadal total lipids, triglycerides, and cholesterol (P less than 0.05) than those of S. auratus females. In contrast S. auratus females exhibited higher muscular total lipids, triglycerides, phospholipids and cholesterol content (P less than 0.01, 0.05, 0.02, 0.05, respectively) and gonadal phospholipids (P less than 0.05) than those of the T. nilotica females. In general hepatic and gonadal lipids of freshwater fish T. nilotica were higher than those of the marine fish S. auratus, and in contrast the marine fish contained higher muscular lipids than the freshwater fish. PMID- 6518764 TI - Hepatic cholesteryl ester metabolism in reptiles. A comparative study of three species of Brazilian lizards. AB - Cholesterol esterase (CEase) and acylcoenzyme A: cholesterol acyltransferase (ACATase) activities were identified in liver cytoplasmatic extracts from Tropidurus torquatos (Iguanidae), Ameiva ameiva (Teiidae) and Hemidactylus mabouia (Gekkonidae). Optimum conditions were established to measure the hydrolytic activity of CEase and esterifying activities of CEase and ACATase. The activities of both enzymes were generally similar in all three species of reptiles, and did not differ greatly from values reported for a variety of mammalian species. PMID- 6518765 TI - Trypsin from Greenland cod, Gadus ogac. Isolation and comparative properties. AB - Trypsin(ogen) was isolated from the pyloric ceca of Greenland cod. Greenland cod trypsin catalyzed hydrolysis of N alpha-benzoyl-DL-arginine p-nitroanilide, tosyl arginine methyl ester and protein and was inhibited by the serine protease inhibitor PMSF and other well-known trypsin inhibitors. Greenland cod trypsin was more stable at alkaline pH than at acid pH; and was inactivated by relatively low thermal treatment. Like other trypsins, the enzyme was rich in potential acidic amino acid residues but poor in basic amino acid residues and had a molecular weight of 23,500; but it had less potential disulfide pairs, less alpha-helix and a lower H phi ave than other trypsins previously characterized. Reactions catalyzed by Greenland cod trypsin were not very responsive to temperature change, such that specific activity was relatively high at low reaction temperature. PMID- 6518766 TI - [1-14C]acetate incorporation into free and esterified cholesterol during the development of the rat ventral prostate. AB - The in vivo [1-14C]acetate incorporation into free and esterified cholesterol in rat ventral prostate depends on the animal developmental process, and it is the highest in the puberty stage. The relationship between free cholesterol and total lipids is 12-14% and that between esterified cholesterol and total lipids is 4 5%, both of the two being maintained during the animal development. The [1-14C] acetate incorporation into free and esterified cholesterol in castrated animals decreases as compared with that in normal rats and it does not depend on the age of the animal. PMID- 6518767 TI - A resonance Raman study of Ambystoma tigrinum hemoglobins: evidence for intraspecies hemepocket variations. AB - Using resonance Raman difference spectroscopy, the Raman-active vibrational modes of hemoglobins from adult, neotenic, and larval forms of the salamander, Ambystoma tigrinum have been compared to each other and to human hemoglobin. The local heme environment of the adult and neotenic proteins were identical and differed from that of the larval protein. Differences were observed in modes sensitive to porphyrin pi electron density and axial ligation. Systematic differences were also observed between human and adult salamander hemoglobins particularly in modes sensitive to the heme vinyl environment. The relationship between these environmental differences, oxygen binding affinity, and the effects of allosteric modulators are discussed. PMID- 6518768 TI - Clinical trials methods and the practice of medicine. AB - An important potential byproduct from clinical trials is validated clinical methods applicable to clinical practice. The potential for improved patient care is separate from the scientific and intellectual answers gained in such trials. The current mechanisms for the transfer of methodological information from clinical trials are inefficient and have identifiable barriers. Methods validated in clinical trials must be recognized and accentuated as a valuable resource. A central repository of clinical trials' methods and a retrieval system dedicated to this unique body of scientific literature is warranted. Reports of methodological advances from clinical trials should be published in the literature read by clinical practitioners. The effective transfer of methods information from clinical trials to the office of the clinical practitioner is possible but requires increased efforts on the part of clinical trials scientists. PMID- 6518769 TI - Designs for group sequential tests. AB - Several authors have proposed group sequential procedures to satisfy the ethical need in clinical trials for interim analyses. We propose here an alternative procedure that offers a good opportunity for early termination when initial results are extreme, while essentially maintaining the power provided by the procedure that applies when the corresponding test statistic is computed only at the predetermined time of final analysis. The new design is also sufficiently flexible to readily allow one to increase the maximum number of analyses for certain reasons such as unexpectedly slow accrual into the study, although not for reasons arising from consideration of outcomes observed at interim analysis. PMID- 6518770 TI - Proceedings of the workshop on the development of markers for use as adherence measures in clinical studies. May 24-25, 1982. PMID- 6518771 TI - Statement of the problem and pharmacological and clinical requirements for the ideal marker. AB - Patients' nonadherence or low adherence to low adherence to prescribed medication regimes threatens the satisfactory conduct of controlled clinical trials for the efficacy of drug treatment. Suboptimal adherence is costly since an increased sample size must be used to achieve and maintain study power. Accurate measurements of patients' adherence to test medications are not generally available. Current, popular, indirect methods provide uncertain estimates of adherence. As a result, behavioral strategies for management of adherence during trials have been handicapped, and analyses of trial results utilizing adherence levels are poorly developed. These problems could be solved by the ingestion, concomitant with the test medication, of a metabolically and pharmacologically inert compound (adherence marker) whose measurement in body fluids or secretions would indicate the extent of ingestion of the prescribed dose of the test medication. An adherence marker with proven wide applicability has not yet been developed or identified. The detailed requirements for an adherence marker include that it be pharmacologically and chemically inert, nontoxic, unaffected by the physical and chemical properties of body tissues and fluids, not accumulated in the body, and undetectable by the patient. The pharmacodynamics and tissue distribution of the marker should be appropriate for the medication being evaluated. The interindividual and intraindividual variances of marker metabolism should be small enough to permit precise and accurate estimates of adherence. For each trial, the choice of using an adherence marker in lieu of direct analysis of the test medication must be evaluated considering the circumstances of the trial and the pharmacokinetics of the test medication. PMID- 6518772 TI - Food and Drug Administration's requirements for markers. AB - Three basic principles must be satisfied when a substance is being considered for human ingestion: The composition of the product must be consistent within certain limits over a specific period of time. It must not produce irreversible harm or unacceptable side effects. When taken as indicated, it must produce the effect that is claimed and intended. Specific requirements for markers will depend on the marker selected. There are regulations for use of radioactive substances as tracers in drugs. Markers might also be subject to regulations for a new drug or combination drug or might be a substance generally recognized as safe. If the marker is included as an excipient in the drug, the associated requirements for excipients would apply. Any assay methods for detecting the marker must be validated. PMID- 6518773 TI - Development of assays for drugs of abuse. AB - The treatment and prevention of drug abuse has required the development of assays for biological markers to assess an individual's adherence to a treatment regimen or to the prescribed abstinence of drug use. Generally, this requires assays sensitive enough to detect a few nanograms of a particular metabolite per milliliter of urine. Most frequently, the identify of the drug or combination of drugs is not known. This placed a large responsibility on the development of reliable methods. To accomplish this mission, the National Institute on Drug Abuse funded a multiyear, multiple-contract program. This program included the synthesis of reference drugs, their metabolites, and labeled derivatives; the development of several new analytical methods, especially using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and immunoassay techniques; the establishment of analytical service facilities; animal and human pharmacokinetic studies; and laboratory proficiency testing. Many of the assays are now commercially available and widely used. Assay development requires the consideration of a number of factors, namely, specificity, sensitivity, time, simplicity, and cost. These factors are illustrated in a number of examples. PMID- 6518774 TI - United States Department of Agriculture's requirements for markers. AB - The U.S. Department of Agriculture's regulation of food and food ingredients is essentially limited to meat and poultry products. Within this area, there do not appear to be any overriding general problems associated with the concept of the use of adherence markers that are deemed to be both safe and effective. Although present regulations do not specifically authorize such a practice, they could be amended through utilization of standard rule-making procedures. There also appears to be sufficient basis, under current regulation, for some controlled, experimental evaluation of the concept. The Department's inspection and label approval systems for meat and poultry products may serve to facilitate such an approach, while providing a relatively high level of regulatory control. Practical problems, in areas such as the scope and applicability of inspection coverage and appropriate labeling, can and should be identified and resolved at a relatively early stage of the project, if the introduction of these substances into meat and poultry products is deemed to be a viable option. PMID- 6518775 TI - Historical review: comparison with other methods. AB - Each technique used to measure compliance has limitations. A simple and commonly used technique is to ask the patient whether the regimen has been followed. When the patient states that the regimen has been followed exactly, it usually has not. If only minor deviation is reported, the deviation is usually understated. However, if the patient states that the regimen was not followed, this is almost always corroborated. In another approach, the attending physician or medical staff estimates the patients' level of compliance. They usually overestimate, but not by as much as the patients. Physicians vary in their ability to accurately estimate their patients' compliance, and some physicians' estimates are better for one type of patient than another. Another measure of compliance that can be easily obtained is faithfulness in keeping clinic or office appointments. Although useful in itself, it is usually not a good indication of how well patients are following their medication regimen. A fourth approach is to determine the number of tablets for which patients obtain prescriptions. This is a poor indicator of medicine intake. Further, the number of pills that the patient actually obtains from the pharmacy is not a good indicator. Probably the best of the simple measures is a pill count. To measure this, the pills remaining in the patient's prescription bottle are counted. The difference between the number remaining and the number given in the prescription is presumed to have been taken. Although the pill count is useful, when this count is compared to blood or urine levels of the medication or of a marker contained in the tablets, some patients show discrepancies. Thus, none of the simple measures is entirely satisfactory. PMID- 6518776 TI - General concepts for use of markers in clinical trials. AB - Both indirect and direct methods have been widely employed for measuring medication compliance. Indirect methods include therapeutic or preventive outcome, assessment by the physician, interview with the patient, whether or not the prescription was filled, and a count of remaining pills. In many situations, direct methods may be feasible, including measurement of blood or serum levels or testing urine for excretion of the medication itself, a metabolic by-product, or a marker or tracer that has been added to the medication for detection purposes. For example, detection of penicillin or of salicylates can be used in measuring compliance, while in other circumstances, it may be necessary to add a detectable label to the medication. Ideally, such a marker should be nontoxic and pharmacologically and chemically inert [Porter AM: Br Med J 1:218-222, 1969]. The marker should be unaffected by physical and chemical properties of the urine, such as pH and temperature, quickly and freely excreted, and noncumulative. A simple, sensitive, and specific detection method should be available, and the marker should be such that the patient is unaware that it has been added. In direct measures of compliance, it is necessary to consider pharmacokinetic variations among individuals in absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of drugs. In addition, temporal aspects of the sampling scheme assume great importance. Finally, the definition of compliance and noncompliance for a given study in relation to the specific question being tested in the investigation, as well as in regard to use of the marker itself, is an important issue for consideration.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6518777 TI - Issues in medication adherence assessment in clinical trials of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. AB - The mission of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute is to sponsor research in the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of heart, lung, and blood diseases. As a part of its activities toward this end, the Institute plans and conducts clinical trials that test the safety and efficacy of a broad range of preventive and treatment regimens. Many of these trials involve thousands of patients and require the cooperation of many research clinics under a common protocol, often for many years. An essential component in these efforts is a standardized methodology to allow accurate tracking of adherence patterns so that problem adherence situations can be identified and rectified. This article reviews the methods that have been used to assess adherence patterns in selected clinical trials supported by the NHLBI. The most frequently used methods have been pill count and direct measurement of the drug, its metabolites, or physiological effects in some bodily fluid. Supplementary information is frequently obtained by self-report. Experience with markers has been very limited and no systematic data are available. The Aspirin Myocardial Infarction Study is used as a case study to illustrate specific strengths and weaknesses of three types of adherence assessment methods, namely, assay of salicylates in the urine, platelet aggregation, and pill count. Generalizations to other clinical trials are discussed. Based on experience to date with traditional methods of compliance assessment, several conclusions are drawn. Combinations of measures, in general, provide the most useful profiles of adherence patterns in clinical trials.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6518778 TI - Monitoring compliance through analysis of drug and metabolite levels. AB - Cold analytical methodology is usually available for drug and metabolite monitoring during clinical trials, since a procedure is required for the bioavailability, pharmacokinetic, and dose proportionality studies that must be conducted by the sponsor. Such methods can and have been applied to monitoring patient compliance. Examples from several classes of drugs with different pharmacokinetic profiles illustrate the type of data that can be obtained, along with their applicability and inherent limitation in assessing compliance. The effects of concomitant medication, drug half-life, volume of distribution, and sampling time on observed levels are also discussed. Several other approaches involving trace metals, microtaggants, and an electronic monitor are also presented. PMID- 6518779 TI - Adherence measures and their utility. AB - This article addresses the variety of adherence measures available to the researcher, with particular reference to the utility of markers. It is proposed that the generic nature of the research question will suggest both the adherence definition and the appropriate assessment methodology. Each measurement procedure offers somewhat different information and has unique advantages and disadvantages. It is suggested that markers are limited by the relatively short duration of the measurement period, the lack of quantitative data on adherence, and, with some, the potential for confounding influences on their specificity. The probable value of markers lies in validating the subject's recent self report, determining recent medication ingestion, and estimating the probability of adherence over time. PMID- 6518780 TI - Clinical pharmacology of a marker of patient compulsiveness. PMID- 6518781 TI - Behavioral aspects of the use of medical markers in clinical trials. AB - Nonadherence by trial participants to the study drug regimen threatens the satisfactory conduct of the best designed clinical trial. Reduced adherence confounds the interpretation of the study's results and may leave the study's primary question unanswered. Recent reports from multicenter clinical trials have reported adherence rates of 60%-90%. This presentation examines the use of a drug marker in counseling to improve participant adherence to a medication regimen. Potential benefits and problems are identified, and several recommendations are offered. Increasingly, behavioral counseling has been used by clinic staff members to improve the medication adherence of trial participants. Behavioral counseling is a data-based counseling process emphasizing patient collaboration with the clinician in identifying, diagnosing, and intervening in medication adherence problems. A valid, accurate drug marker would have direct application in both identifying and intervening on a medication adherence problem. However, a marker would not contribute substantially to the clinician's ability to diagnose accurately the nature of the medication adherence problem. A major concern is the manner in which the clinician introduces the drug marker into the counseling process. The use of data from a drug marker can have a strong positive or negative effect on the medication adherence problem. It also can significantly influence the continuing relationship between the clinician and the participant. Examples are presented. It is strongly recommended that the clinician identify the specific goals for the marker's use prior to the introduction of data from a medical marker into the participant counseling process. Further, the manner in which the marker is introduced into the interview with the participant must be considered carefully.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6518782 TI - The potential use of markers in drug development. AB - There are at least three recurring questions crucial to the drug and drug formulation development processes that could be addressed by marker methodology: (1) Is the assessment of an effective dose or dose regimen correct? (2) Is an inadequate response or nonresponse secondary to pharmacology or to inadequate compliance? (3) Can various formulations provide significantly better therapy for certain populations? Characteristics of an ideal marker system would include: Simple and reliable to measure. Able to yield reliable evaluation of routine adherence in single or multiple dose situations. Biologically inert. Samples for measurement can be obtained unobtrusively. Samples are painless to obtain (for patient and clinic staff). Absorption and kinetic characteristics approximate those of the therapeutic candidate. Able to be presented in multiple formulations. Current methodology for addressing these questions is far short of ideal. Therefore, if marker methodology that lacks the limitation of present technology could be developed, it potentially would find wide use during the drug development process. PMID- 6518783 TI - Tracer microspheres as compliance markers in clinical research. AB - Tracer microspheres are small, ceramic-like particles (50 micron) containing one of several radionuclide markers. We have utilized them over a period of 9 years as quantitative fecal markers for recovery measurements in metabolic studies. The markers have been administered daily for up to 2 weeks, during which time the marker concentration per unit dry weight of feces remains fairly constant. Data on the markers and our experience with them are presented along with the concerns that must be addressed in considering them as compliance markers. PMID- 6518784 TI - The statistical analysis of adherence data obtained from markers. AB - Adherence markers provide new kinds of clinical trial data. Adherence data on individual participants obtained from markers can be used for designing the trial sample size and stratification, evaluating the adequacy of randomization, directing the management of adherence, and analyzing and interpreting the trial's final results. Examples of these are presented. Analyses of adherence data can employ conventional procedures. Box plot techniques are proposed for flagging extreme values of the distribution of adherence either at a single time point or in a time continuum. The effect of difference in distribution of the markers in two or more groups in a clinical trial is discussed. Survival analysis is illustrated as one technique in univariate and multivariate analysis of markers with covariate effects. Design considerations with markers in a clinical trial are discussed, with particular emphasis on some of the assumptions and biases that must be considered for the analysis. PMID- 6518785 TI - Chemical analysis of marker substances. AB - The development of chemical assay procedures for potential marker substances will depend on, and be determined by, three basic factors: (1) the nature of the substance used, (2) the characteristics of the biological samples obtained, and (3) the varieties of information required. Once these have been delineated, the analytical methodology can be specifically characterized in terms of specificity and sensitivity; accuracy, precision, and reliability; and ease, cost, and safety. The specific details of a method must be based on the three factors mentioned above. Thus, a procedure having an ultimate sensitivity limit of more than a micromole per milliliter will be useless if the maximum expected marker concentration in the sample is less than a micromole per milliliter. Similarly, a procedure utilizing gas-liquid chromatography mass spectrometry costing many thousands of dollars is overkill if only a simple, inexpensive thin-layer chromatography procedure is needed to merely confirm the presence of the marker in a sample of urine or blood. Finally, the potential utility of the marker substance will be constrained by nonscientific factors such as cost, time, and convenience. These factors may depend on the ultimate applications of marker substance use, but they must also be addressed in any assay development program. The overall characteristics of a chemical assay procedure for marker substances will be discussed in terms of a model based on similar procedures for the chemical assay of foreign organic compounds in biological materials. PMID- 6518787 TI - Use of stable isotopes to determine compliance. AB - The natural variation in the abundance of stable isotopes of light elements (C, H, O, N) in humans is less than 0.5%. Much larger variations can be induced through administration of drugs labeled with enriched isotopes of these elements. Such labels thus can be used as tracers of compliance. Variations of several percent can be generated without adverse physiological effect. An example is presented of the use of deuterium oxide as a tracer, and a scheme of sampling moisture in expired air is proposed, in which the subject can easily collect a sample and present it for rapid analysis. Tracer levels can be used to estimate the degree of compliance. The labeled compound can be selected to match the drug being tested with respect to residence time in the body. Except for deuterium, the cost of such stable isotope tracers is at present prohibitive. The main problem with the use of stable isotopes in compliance studies is the cost of the tracer, a biologically acceptable substance labeled with a rare-stable isotope. Our original experiments were carried out using 13C-glucose, which costs at present about $600/g. To carry out a tracer experiment on an individual, approximately 10 mg of uniformly labeled tracer would be administered, which would result in a 5% shift of the 13C/12C ratio, which is easily detectable. To minimize the cost of such a study, we proposed utilizing the cheapest enriched light isotope that is available, namely, deuterium. Using a ratio-detecting mass spectrometer in which a sample is compared with a standard, it is possible to detect enrichment or depletion of deuterium with respect to 1H at the level of 0.1%.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6518786 TI - Stable isotopic abundances as reflections of ingestion practices. AB - The proportions of stable isotopes found in biological tissues (e.g., 13C/12C, 15N/14N, or 18O/16O) are constant only on a macroscopic scale. Sensitive mass spectrometric measurements of the isotope ratio or isotopic abundance for each element show that the tissue (and organism) displays small excursions in these abundances, which are reflections of isotope fractionations that occur in prior stages of the food chain. These excursions can be detected in respiratory CO2 in urine, and in stool, with changes over time intervals as short as 2 hours or as long as 6-12 months. Perturbation of these stable isotopic abundances has been used to demonstrate phenomena as gross as the change in carbon sources of milk proteins when cows are moved from winter silage to summer pastures, or as subtle as the utilization of a single feeding of complex carbohydrates by infants by measuring the isotopic abundance of their respiratory CO2. The use of marker molecules enriched with 13C, 15N, or 18O thus provides a nonpharmacological, nonradioactive, and under ideal conditions, noninvasive procedure to document the ingestion of single or multiple doses of the pharmacological agent being tested. Such generic markers are potentially suitable for all study populations, regardless of developmental age, reproductive activity, or degree of compliance. PMID- 6518788 TI - Alternative adherence marker schemes. AB - Various possible adherence markers are mentioned, including inert particulate matter, soluble and insoluble dyes, polymer attached dyes, spin-labeled substances, and radioactive and stable isotope tracers. Methods for detection might include nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), electron spin resonance (ESR), x ray, gas chromatography, and simple fluorescence or absorption. Emphasis is placed on systems involving safety, reliability, and redundancy. No clear-cut superiority of any method is apparent. PMID- 6518789 TI - Evaluation and recommendations for adherence marker development by working groups of the workshop. PMID- 6518791 TI - Amnesic syndrome: a lesion-specific disorder? AB - This paper reviews various lines of evidence which suggest that organic amnesia stemming from lesions of the temporal lobe region produce an amnesia that is qualitatively different from that produced by diencephalic lesions. Differences between these two classes of amnesia were found within five dimensions of performance; (a) insight, concern and confabulation, (b) retrograde amnesia, (c) forgetting rate, (d) frontal lobe symptoms, (e) sensitivity to interference in short term memory. The range of differences found suggest that temporal lobe and diencephalic amnesics should not be considered as suffering from the same type of "amnesic syndrome". It is proposed that future experimental work on amnesia should take full account of neuropathological differences between amnesic patients. PMID- 6518790 TI - Selective reminding in normal and demented aged people: auditory verbal versus visual spatial task. AB - A new test of visual spatial learning (VS) which uses the rationale of selective reminding and evaluates memory and learning of spatial positions of objects was presented. This was compared with the auditory verbal selective reminding (AV) in regard to normal aging and dementia. The results showed that the performance of VS declines with age more steeply than those of AV. Factor analyses showed that the performance of VS to be factorially independent of that of AV, and showed that VS can account for most of the decline in performance of normal aged people. The performance on VS of demented patients correlated well with the serverity of dementia. The comparison between multi-infarct dementia and Alzheimer type dementia indicated that severe impairment of VS with relative preservation of AV is a distinctive pattern of Alzheimer type. These results suggest that VS is a useful tool to evaluate memory decline with aging and that it can be useful in the clinical diagnosis of dementia. PMID- 6518792 TI - Handedness and language laterality: discrimination of handedness groups on the dichotic consonant-vowel task. AB - Previous studies of the performances of left and right handed S groups on the DCVT have failed to discriminate the groups. The present study examined the performance of 102 right handers and 104 left handers on the DCVT, with a free report of only one syllable per trial procedure. Results showed that, as administered, the DCVT possessed good reliability and left and right handed groups were clearly discriminated during the second half of the dichotic trials. Neither sex nor familial sinistrality factors contributed to this group discrimination. Analysis of the relationship of manual preferences for various activities (Edinburgh Handedness Inventory) with DCVT REAs showed that right hand preferences were associated with REAs across groups for most Edinburgh items during the second half of the trials. This association was shown to be strongest in the left handed Ss. In general, the results offer support for both the reliability and validity of the DCVT. PMID- 6518793 TI - Intellectual and memory impairment in moderate and heavy drinkers. AB - Heavy drinkers (more than 2 liters of wine per day), without clinical evidence of brain dysfunction, moderate drinkers (1 liter of wine per day) and control subjects (no more than 250 cc of wine per day) were given the Progressive Matrices test and two learning tests, one tapping verbal memory and the other spatial memory. Heavy drinkers' performance was significantly worse than that of the other groups on the Progressive Matrices test and the spatial learning test. With a more lenient method of analysis, the difference between heavy drinkers and controls on the verbal learning test and that between moderate drinkers and controls on the Progressive Matrices test were also significant. When the influence of intelligence on memory performance was partialled out by covarying memory scores for Progressive Matrices scores, all differences on the verbal learning test disappeared whereas the spatial learning test still discriminated heavy drinkers from mild drinkers and controls. The bearing of these findings on the continuum of impairment hypothesis and the right hemisphere vulnerability hypothesis is discussed. PMID- 6518794 TI - Alexia for ideograms: implications for kanji alexia. AB - This study was concerned with a model for kanji reading applicable in a non Japanese population of aphasics. The experimental task required aphasic subjects to match animals with their footprints, a type of ideogram "reading" requiring no special training. As is true for kanji, footprint reading defects were consistently associated with word reading impairment, but some aphasics with defects in word reading performed normally in footprint reading. All with defects in footprint reading were also impaired in letter recognition or pantomime recognition. One aphasic's pattern of symptoms was quite similar to the rare phenomenon of Gogi aphasia. Implications for kanji alexia are discussed. PMID- 6518795 TI - Lateral eye movement and hemisphere asymmetry: effects of question type, task type, emotion type, and individual differences. AB - The validity of lateral eye movement (LEM) as an index of hemispheric activation was examined with a series of experiments. LEMs were measured to verbal and spatial questions (Experiment 1), word detection and emotion detection tasks (Experiment 2), and to negative and positive emotions (Experiment 3). The results of these three experiments showed that LEM is not a sensitive index of hemispheric activation. Experiment 4 showed that individual differences in LEM patterns is relatively stable and may reflect some personality traits. PMID- 6518796 TI - The breakdown of word meanings in aphasia. AB - The present study evaluates an explanation of agrammatism that involves the conceptual distinction between nouns and predicative terms. It was argued that the degraded production of verbs relative to nouns that is characteristic of agrammatic speech reflects a selective disruption in the mental representation of predicative concepts. The data from a sorting task were consistent with a set of experimental predictions derived from this explanation and suggest that a satisfactory explanation of agrammatism should involve semantic variables in addition to syntactic ones. PMID- 6518797 TI - Asymmetries in musical aesthetic judgments. AB - Musicians and non-musicians, male and females, were presented with different selections of classical music, both mono- and poly-instrumental, under stereophonic conditions which allowed them to reverse the left-right distribution of the auditory material. The musicians preferred the leading (usually the high) voice to be heard by the left ear; the effect was noted with both sexes but it was significant only with the males. The results are examined in relation to other laterality patterns and an analogy to orchestral arrangements in both the West and the East is noted. PMID- 6518798 TI - [Post-traumatic retrograde amnesia]. AB - A case of post traumatic retrograde amnesia is described. The patient presented after an initial coma a global amnesia, but the fixation deficit rapidly disappeared, and a severe retrograde amnesia dating back to childhood experience and learning remained the main symptom. Amnesia for remote events was associated with didactic memory deficit and, at a lesser degree, with a verbal memory deficit. Recovery of fixation allowed a progressive relearning. This pattern of impairment was recently related to mesencephalic lesions, but we think that the role of temporal lobe involvement cannot be neglected. PMID- 6518799 TI - Normative data for the Spreen-Benton Sentence Repetition Test: its relationship to age, intelligence, and memory. AB - The present study provided normative data applicable to a cortically-impaired adult population on the Spreen-Benton Sentence Repetition Test. Data were presented for decade groups ranging from 20 to 70 years. The current research indicated that intelligence may play a relatively strong role in performance on this test; also, that memory may be involved, but to a lesser degree. It was recommended that patients' intellectual levels be considered when interpreting the results of the Sentence Repetition Test. PMID- 6518800 TI - The effect of sentence boundaries upon aphasic patients' immediate memory for connected speech. AB - Memory for the terminal portion of connected speech was investigated in Broca's, Wernicke's and Conduction aphasic patients. A multiple choice probe recognition paradigm was employed so that the results would not be contaminated by expressive speech errors. The effects on retention performance of sentence boundaries and the number of words intervening between target word presentation and test were studied. The different aphasic groups showed similar patterns of performance. Sentence boundaries had no effect on retention but more errors were produced with seven than with four words intervening between presentation and test. Errors were classified as semantic, phonemic or unrelated and in all conditions of the experiment semantic confusion errors predominated. It was argued that there was no evidence that the aphasic patients retained the last heard sentence in a superficial form in short-term memory. PMID- 6518802 TI - Cardiac responses in relation to heart size. AB - There is a correlation between heart size and the propensity to develop and maintain fibrillation. Atrial and ventricular fibrillation is more easily induced and sustained in large than in small hearts. But other factors are at work as well, such as the ability to hibernate. The hibernator's heart has an adrenergic innervation which is different in distribution than that in nonhibernators with adrenergic nerves in the ventricles exclusively accompanying the blood vessels, thus leaving the myocardium proper without adrenergic innervation. This indicates that the risk of inhomogeneity of the electrophysiological parameters of the myocardial cells at a high sympathetic tone is less in the heart of a hibernator than in that of a nonhibernator. PMID- 6518801 TI - Comparative physiological and biochemical aspects of hypothermia as a model for hibernation. AB - It is obvious that research is far from the last chapter in developing a model for natural hibernation. The relationships and comparative mechanisms for thermogenesis and survival in hibernation and experimental hypothermia are still unclear. Yet, two primary areas appear to be most promising, namely, the control of thermogenesis via the glucocorticoids and the specific role of the central nervous system (CNS) in survival of hypothermic subjects and arousal of hibernating subjects. Although there have been several approaches to understanding the role of the CNS in terms of circulation, integrity of the blood brain barrier (BBB) system, and CNS sites of activity, it may appear that more questions have been raised than have been answered. However, a more optimistic view can also be taken. The development of a laboratory model, using experimental hypothermia for natural hibernation, is progressing. This view is justified in terms of results from the use of glucocorticoids in metabolic regulation of available carbohydrates, i.e., available glucose in hypothermia, and the continued promising parallel studies of physiological and biochemical integrity of areas of the CNS in hypothermic and hibernating subjects. PMID- 6518803 TI - A method for preparation of dry thrombin for topical application. AB - Thrombin for topical hemostasis can be prepared from bovine or human blood plasma. The prothrombin is isolated by means of adsorption on DEAE-Sephadex A-50 and consecutively activated by CaCl2 and thromboplastin. Thrombin is precipitated and purified by acetone. The specific activity of the thrombin preparation is 122 + 23 IU/mg protein while the yield is 36,360 +/- 6623 IU/liter plasma. PMID- 6518804 TI - Standard electromotive force of the H2-AgCl;Ag cell in 30, 40, and 50 mass% dimethyl sulfoxide/water from -20 to 25 degrees C: pK2 and pH values for a standard "Bicine" buffer solution at subzero temperatures. AB - The establishment of the pH (designated pH*) of a standard buffer solution suitable as a pH reference in 30, 40, and 50 mass% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)/H2O mixtures at temperatures in the range -20 to 0 degrees C is reported. The buffer material selected was the ampholyte Bicine (N,N-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)glycine), and the reference standard consists of equal molal quantities of Bicine and its sodium salt. The assignment of pH* values rests on measurements of the emf of cells without liquid junction, Pt;H2(g, 1 atm) [Bicine, Na Bicinate, NaCl [AgCl;Ag, and the pH* was derived from a determination of K2, the equilibrium constant for the dissociation process (Bicine) +/- in equilibrium (Bicinate)- + H+. The standard emf in the DMSO/H2O solvents at subzero temperatures was determined from emf measurements of the cell with solutions of HCl replacing the buffer-chloride mixture. PMID- 6518806 TI - Are we training the correct number of general surgeons? PMID- 6518805 TI - The medical management of inflammatory bowel disease from the surgeon's standpoint. PMID- 6518807 TI - The surgical intensive care unit: a paradise lost? PMID- 6518808 TI - Research at the resident level: how much and what type? PMID- 6518809 TI - Should program directors always be department directors? PMID- 6518810 TI - Super fellowship in vascular surgery. PMID- 6518811 TI - Microcystic adenoma of the pancreas: a newly recognized benign lesion. PMID- 6518812 TI - The renal contribution to amino acid metabolism in acute renal failure. PMID- 6518813 TI - A reproducible large animal model of acute hepatic failure. PMID- 6518814 TI - Functional aspects of ileal reservoirs. PMID- 6518815 TI - In vitro sensitivity of breast carcinoma to combination chemotherapy. PMID- 6518816 TI - Activation pathways in psoriasis. PMID- 6518817 TI - Scurvy: a clinical mimic of vasculitis. AB - A 54-year-old woman was admitted for evaluation of palpable purpura, arthralgias, and myalgias. An unusual dietary history was noted. This finding, along with follicular hyperkeratoses and corkscrew hairs, suggested scurvy, which was confirmed by results of laboratory evaluation, examination of biopsy specimens, and response to therapy. Scurvy, though unusual in developed countries, should be considered in the differential diagnosis of palpable purpura. PMID- 6518818 TI - Miliary pustular syphilid. AB - A case of secondary syphilis is presented in which a dramatic generalized eruption of pustules and an elevated temperature were prominent features. Biopsy of the skin lesions showed dermal granulomata, which are occasionally seen in the papulopustular lesions of secondary syphilis. The classification of pustular syphilids is reviewed. PMID- 6518819 TI - Toxicologic study of anthralin in an aqueous cream formulation. AB - A group of forty-eight patients with psoriasis who were being treated with anthralin cream were examined for side effects. Based on the variables investigated, there was no evidence of any systemic toxicity or excretion of anthraquinones (detection limit 20 micrograms/ml), while clinically, patients were seen to respond satisfactorily. PMID- 6518820 TI - Micromethod erythrocyte sedimentation rate as a diagnostic tool in neonatal bacterial infections. PMID- 6518821 TI - Acute onset--delayed onset, neonatal bacterial infection. Clinical evaluation of the low birth-weight neonate. PMID- 6518822 TI - Chlamydia trachomatis sampling during erythromycin treatment. PMID- 6518823 TI - Serum gastrin in patients with chronic pancreatitis. PMID- 6518824 TI - Use and misuse of drugs in the Third World. PMID- 6518825 TI - Drugs and community health workers in developing countries (1). Some issues for discussion. PMID- 6518826 TI - What do drugs do to the world? And what do the doctors do about it? PMID- 6518827 TI - WHO's programme on essential drugs. Background, implementation, present state and prospectives. PMID- 6518828 TI - Venezuela: the health system, drug consumption, and the role of the doctor. PMID- 6518829 TI - Eastern Africa: perspectives of drug usage. PMID- 6518831 TI - Medicines and people in the Third World--the role of the industry. The Association of the Danish Pharmaceutical Industry (MEFA). PMID- 6518830 TI - The World Health Organization Action Programme on Essential Drugs. PMID- 6518832 TI - The drug industry and the underdevelopment of health. PMID- 6518833 TI - Serum concentrations of metronidazole and its main metabolite in patients with active Crohn's disease: correlation with disease activity and therapeutic efficacy? AB - Serum concentrations of metronidazole and its main metabolite [1-(2-hydroxyethyl) 2-hydroxymethyl-5-nitroimidazole] have been determined by high performance liquid chromatography in sera of 10 patients with histologically confirmed ileocolitis Crohn, 7 presenting with highly active disease and pathologically increased Crohn's disease activity index (CDAI) and 3 with secreting fistulas but normal CDAI. Metronidazole serum concentrations showed dose-dependent peak characteristics and ranged between 10.62 +/- 0.95 and 24.88 +/- 3.63 micrograms/ml for a metronidazole intake of 1,000 mg/day and between 5.04 +/- 1.13 and 9.21 +/- 1.00 micrograms/ml for a daily intake of 400 mg, whereas its metabolite leveled at constant serum concentrations up to 24 h after onset of therapy, with 7.50 +/- 1.40 micrograms/ml for a metronidazole intake of 1,000 mg/day and 3.20 +/- 0.60 microgram/ml for an intake of 400 mg/day. Considering the known minimum inhibitory concentration of metronidazole for anaerobic bacteria involved in Crohn's disease, this work has shown 400 mg metronidazole to be the minimum daily dosage. Correlation analysis, although limited by the small number of patients investigated so far, indicated a possible positive correlation between metronidazole serum concentrations and disease activity (CDAI, r = 0.480) and therapeutic efficacy (delta CDAI, r = 0.430) in Crohn's disease. PMID- 6518834 TI - On-line pharmacokinetics of chloramphenicol in rat cortex by in vivo electrochemical detection. AB - In vivo electrochemical detection of chloramphenicol in rat cortex was investigated with microelectrodes after intravenous injection of chloramphenicol succinate (170 mg X kg-1). A classical pharmacokinetic study with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) determination of chloramphenicol was performed. The two methods gave the same result when chloramphenicol and chloramphenicol succinate were added for the HPLC assay and compared with the voltametric assay. Clinical applications of this new method are suggested. PMID- 6518835 TI - Penetration of parenterally administered rifampicin into bone tissue. AB - This study in 32 patients was undertaken to determine the penetration of rifampicin into bone tissue using the recently developed intravenous formulation of this antibiotic. 300 mg rifampicin given as an intravenous injection over 5 min followed by 300 mg slow intravenous drip infusion over 1 h give a plasma level of rifampicin of more than 2 micrograms/ml for 6 h. In patients with osteomyelitis, bone rifampicin concentrations ranged from 1.4 to 8.8 micrograms/g at 2.5-3.5 h after the start of treatment. Osteomyelitis due to gram-positive organisms and to Haemophilus can be treated with rifampicin in combination with a second antibiotic, depending on the minimum inhibitory concentration of the infecting organism(s). PMID- 6518836 TI - Antibiotic sensitivity testing of anaerobic bacteria by the breakpoint method. AB - A shortened form of the agar dilution procedure (breakpoint method) was studied for susceptibility testing of 363 strains of anaerobic bacteria under routine conditions. Mezlocillin inhibited 99%, piperacillin 96%, cefoxitin 99%, latamoxef 90%, clindamycin 96% and metronidazole 100% of Bacteriodaceae strains tested. Peptococcaceae were susceptible to penicillins, cephalosporins and metronidazole. We did not find noticeable resistance of Clostridium perfringens strains to beta lactam antibiotics or metronidazole, but to tetracycline and clindamycin. Propionibacteria were fully susceptible to beta-lactam antibiotics, tetracycline, erythromycin and clindamycin. PMID- 6518837 TI - Failure of medical therapy in tricuspid endocarditis due to Staphylococcus aureus. AB - A patient with isolated tricuspid endocarditis due to Staphylococcus aureus had persistent bacteremia despite antibiotic therapy for 47 days until surgery. Cultures of the resected valve disclosed 1.4 X 10(8) colony forming units per gram of valve. Time-kill studies done with the strain of S. aureus and the antibiotics used in the therapy of this patient disclosed decreased bactericidal activity of these antibiotics with increasing inocula concentrations. At 10(8) inoculum, only the combination of vancomycin and tobramycin was bactericidal. The inoculum dependence of bactericidal activity might explain the lack of correlation between in vitro susceptibility tests with clinical outcome of some endocarditis patients. PMID- 6518838 TI - Adolescent obesity. PMID- 6518839 TI - Teens and adoption: a pregnancy resolution alternative? PMID- 6518840 TI - [Treatment of osteochondrosis dissecans of the knee. Analysis of 77 lesions treated at the Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute]. PMID- 6518841 TI - [Zanoli-Pemberton acetabuloplasty associated with femoral osteotomy in the treatment of congenital hip dislocation]. PMID- 6518843 TI - [Fractures of the femur neck in children. Study of 27 cases]. PMID- 6518842 TI - [Use of mebendazole in association with the surgical therapy of vertebral hydatidosis]. PMID- 6518844 TI - [Grosse and Kempf nails in the treatment of diaphyseal fractures of the femur]. PMID- 6518845 TI - [Osteosynthesis with sliding-compression screw plates or with Ender nails in pertrochanteric fractures? Comparison between 2 methods]. PMID- 6518846 TI - [Subcutaneous rupture of the distal biceps brachii tendon]. PMID- 6518847 TI - [Subcutaneous rupture of the distal biceps brachii tendon. Insertion to the anterior brachial muscle with a fascia lata autoplastic flap]. PMID- 6518848 TI - [Indications for the use of "O" soft bandages in fractures of the clavicle]. PMID- 6518849 TI - [Contribution to the study of skeletal pathology by direct radiographic magnification with a radiogenic microfocus tube]. PMID- 6518850 TI - [Various types of fluorescence in bone tissue]. PMID- 6518851 TI - [Ellis-Van Creveld syndrome (chondro-ectodermic dysplasia). Presentation of 2 familial cases]. PMID- 6518852 TI - [Post-traumatic plastic deformity of the forearm. Report of a new case]. PMID- 6518853 TI - [A new technic for the stabilization of internal tibial rotatory subluxation]. PMID- 6518854 TI - [Changes in the value of papilla excision in papilla cancer. A retrospective study]. AB - A retrospective analysis of 56 patients with a carcinoma of Vater's ampulla in the years 1956-1983 demonstrated a steadily increasing resection index of duodenopancreatectomy from 34% (1961-1965) to 86% (1981-1983), although the rate of mortality was 0% since 1975. The reason for the increasing resection index was the treatment of all patients since 1975 by only one team of operators and the improvement of peri- and postoperative medicine treatment. Thus it was possible to perform a duodenopancreatectomy without operative mortality even in patients in the 8th decade of life. Therefore an indication for a local excision of the ampulla no longer seems to be justified. PMID- 6518855 TI - [Clinical aspects and therapy of congenital cystic livers]. AB - Thirty patients with congenital cystic disease of the liver are reported. Expansion with pain, jaundice, cholangitis and suspicion of malignancy are indications for surgical intervention. Operation is chosen according to localization, size, quantity of cysts and their fluid content. Resection, fenestration, punction, anastomosis and hemihepatectomy were performed. Postoperative mortality was about 3%, prognosis is well, but worsened by associated diseases like polycystic kidneys or intramural aneurysms. PMID- 6518856 TI - [The gallbladder as stress organ. A contribution to the pathogenesis of post traumatic cholecystitis]. PMID- 6518857 TI - [Ischemic colitis following digitalis poisoning]. PMID- 6518858 TI - [Changes in serum lipid and lipoprotein levels in the toxemia of pregnancy]. PMID- 6518859 TI - [Determination of urinary fibrinogen degradation product in the toxemia of pregnancy]. PMID- 6518860 TI - [A preliminary study of the meteorological relation to the incidence of pre eclampsia and eclampsia in Shanghai]. PMID- 6518861 TI - [Observation on anisodamine treatment of the toxemia of pregnancy]. PMID- 6518863 TI - [Scoring of the hypertensive syndrome in pregnancy and its clinical application]. PMID- 6518862 TI - [Observations on anisodamine treatment on the hypertensive syndrome in pregnancy and indexes of its microcirculatory rheology]. PMID- 6518864 TI - [Rate and causes of perinatal mortality in the cities of Jiangsu Province]. PMID- 6518865 TI - [Treatment of vulval carcinoma--a clinical analysis of 159 cases]. PMID- 6518866 TI - [Application of statistics to gynecology and obstetrics. II. Several common statistical methods]. PMID- 6518867 TI - [Wegener's granulomatosis and midline necrotizing granuloma]. PMID- 6518868 TI - [Harringtonine in the treatment of polycythemia vera--analysis of 12 cases]. PMID- 6518869 TI - [A clinical analysis of polycythemia]. PMID- 6518870 TI - [An etiologic study of flail valve leaflet change]. PMID- 6518871 TI - [Clinical application of the determination of glycosylated plasma protein]. PMID- 6518872 TI - [Serum lipid changes as a risk factor for coronary heart disease in diabetics--a preliminary study]. PMID- 6518873 TI - [Analysis of 51 cases of fatal systemic lupus erythematosus]. PMID- 6518874 TI - [Keshan disease--endemic myocardial disease]. PMID- 6518875 TI - [Peripartum cardiomyopathy]. PMID- 6518876 TI - [Endocardial fibroelastosis]. PMID- 6518877 TI - [Differential diagnosis and treatment of rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 6518878 TI - [Fine needle aspiration biopsy in the diagnosis of pancreatic and periampullary malignancy]. PMID- 6518879 TI - [One-stage total ear reconstruction--report of 50 cases]. PMID- 6518880 TI - [Cerebral revascularization for intracranial aneurysms]. PMID- 6518881 TI - [Use of a patellar holder for patellar fractures]. PMID- 6518882 TI - [Use of improved Harrington's instrumentation for fracture of the thoracolumbar vertebrae with paraplegia]. PMID- 6518883 TI - [Renal impairment in ureteral stone obstruction]. PMID- 6518884 TI - [Bronchial calculi]. PMID- 6518885 TI - [Etiology and pathogenesis of adult polycystic kidney disease]. PMID- 6518886 TI - [Plasma and erythrocyte zinc levels in surgical patients]. PMID- 6518887 TI - [Single-arm apparatus for leg lengthening and its clinical application]. PMID- 6518888 TI - [Clinical results after highly selective vagotomy for duodenal ulcer]. PMID- 6518889 TI - [Vagotomy for the treatment of duodenal ulcer]. PMID- 6518890 TI - [An anatomical and histological study on the possibility of incompleteness during highly selective vagotomy]. PMID- 6518891 TI - [Intraoperative measurement of the completeness of nerve section during highly selective vagotomy--an acute experiment in dogs]. PMID- 6518892 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of stress ulcer]. PMID- 6518893 TI - [Clinical manifestation and surgical technics in medial hemispheric arteriovenous malformations]. PMID- 6518894 TI - [Axillo-axillary artery bypass in the treatment of subclavian artery syndrome]. PMID- 6518895 TI - [Use of the artificial joint of NT-2 shape-memory alloy for cervical intervertebral articulation in cervical spondylosis in the anterior decompressive operation]. PMID- 6518896 TI - [Clinical application of inosine in warm renal ischemia]. PMID- 6518897 TI - [Cinelymphography of chyluria]. PMID- 6518898 TI - [Experimental studies on the viability of ischemic skin flaps]. PMID- 6518899 TI - [The use of composite arteria dorsalis pedis flap transplantation for restoring hand function]. PMID- 6518900 TI - [Percutaneous controlled radiofrequency coagulothermotherapy of facial spasm]. PMID- 6518901 TI - [Frontal bone defect repaired with a composite ipsilateral island temporal flap]. PMID- 6518902 TI - [Modified Schwartmann-Crego operation for paralysed quadriceps femoris]. PMID- 6518903 TI - [Invasive systemic infection in patients with extensive burns--analysis of 134 cases]. PMID- 6518904 TI - [Experimental study on the therapeutic effect of antimicrobial agents against local burn infection]. PMID- 6518905 TI - [Gastric acid secretion, prostaglandin E concentration and DNA synthesis in the gastric mucosa in burned rats]. PMID- 6518906 TI - [Dynamic changes in serum osmolarity and colloidal osmotic pressure in burn patients]. PMID- 6518907 TI - [Use of pedicled myocutaneous flaps for the coverage of electric burn wounds involving the joints and deep structures]. PMID- 6518908 TI - [Observations on the anatomical distribution of blood vessels of the scapula]. PMID- 6518909 TI - [Diagnosis of venous thrombosis of the legs by cuff-impedance plethysmography]. PMID- 6518910 TI - [Relation between the delayed cutaneous hypersensitivity response and the surgical operation]. PMID- 6518911 TI - [Analysis of factors influencing the prognosis of lung cancer after surgery]. PMID- 6518912 TI - [Surgical treatment of hepato-thoracic hydatidosis]. PMID- 6518913 TI - [Complete suboccipital decompression for non-reducible atlantoaxial dislocation with spinal cord compression]. PMID- 6518914 TI - [Halo-traction]. PMID- 6518915 TI - [Observations on the structure of urinary calculi using polarized and scanning electron microscopy]. PMID- 6518916 TI - [Assisted circulation and autotransfusion devices in massive traumatic bleeding]. PMID- 6518917 TI - [Improvement of debridement with irrigation and suction in the treatment of chronic myelitis]. PMID- 6518919 TI - [The surgical treatment of spontaneous hemopneumothorax]. PMID- 6518918 TI - [Post-traumatic bilateral carotid-cavernous fistulas--a case report]. PMID- 6518920 TI - [A ten-year follow-up of chronic emphysema and cor pulmonale in the Shushan Commune in Hefei]. PMID- 6518921 TI - [Ten-year study on the treatment of chronic cor pulmonale with therapeutic exercise]. PMID- 6518922 TI - [A study of factors affecting prognosis in emphysema]. PMID- 6518923 TI - [Detection of theophylline in human serum and its clinical application]. PMID- 6518924 TI - [Possible mechanism of the therapeutic effect of phentolamine in the adult respiratory distress syndrome--a preliminary study on oleic acid lung preparations]. PMID- 6518925 TI - [A clinicopathologic study of pulmonary fungal infections--report of 70 autopsy cases]. PMID- 6518926 TI - [Radiological diagnosis of early peripheral cancer of the lung]. PMID- 6518927 TI - [The value of the cellular concentration method by mechanically liquified sputum in the diagnosis of primary pulmonary carcinoma]. PMID- 6518928 TI - [An observation on the efficacy of antituberculous drugs in L-J media]. PMID- 6518929 TI - [Surgical treatment of tuberculous tracheo-bronchial lymph nodes, bronchial fistula and bronchial stenosis]. PMID- 6518930 TI - [Analysis of 14 cases of atypical tuberculous meningitis in adults]. PMID- 6518931 TI - [Testing of lung function during exercise in healthy adults]. PMID- 6518932 TI - [The measurement of MEFV with lowlanders rapidly reaching high altitude]. PMID- 6518933 TI - [Experiences with oxygen therapy in respiratory failure patients with chronic pulmonary heart disease]. PMID- 6518934 TI - [Treatment of pulmonary infection with antibiotics]. PMID- 6518935 TI - A new model for the quantitative analysis of cell movements in vitro: definition of a shape change factor. AB - Changes in shape, in addition to translocations, are an important aspect of cell motility. We propose a simple geometrical model for the quantitative analysis of shape changes undergone by cultured cells. The extent to which images of a given cell do not overlap at the beginning and end of a time interval is used as a measure of motility, and a translation step included to eliminate translocation effects. Initial findings suggest that the method is widely applicable. PMID- 6518936 TI - Flow cytometric analysis of blood cells stained with the cyanine dye DiOC1[3]: reticulocyte quantification. AB - The fluorescent dye 3,3'-dimethyloxacarbocyanine (DiOC1[3]) is taken up by all cells in mammalian blood which then fluoresce as follows: mature erythrocytes less than immature erythrocytes congruent to platelets less than leukocytes. A continuous fluorescence distribution can be generated for the red blood cells by flow cytometry and deconvolved into two arbitrary populations, mature and immature erythrocytes (mRBC and imRBC). This analysis mimics the established method of counting imRBC stained with the supravital dyes, new methylene blue, brilliant cresyl blue (BCB), and acridine orange (AO). However, the population of imRBC as quantified by DiOC1[3] fluorescence is a subset of reticulocytes (reticulocytes as determined by BCB assay). The advantages and disadvantages of using DiOC1[3], AO, or pyronine Y as reticulocyte stains are discussed. PMID- 6518937 TI - Analysis of DNA synthesis rate of cultured cells from flow cytometric data. AB - The rate of DNA synthesis along S phase is estimated from flow cytometric histograms on the basis of a mathematical model of a cell population. In the absence of loss, the model expresses the population kinetics in terms of DNA synthesis rate, S-phase influx, and population size. A single histogram is sufficient to determine the DNA synthesis rate when the population is in balanced exponential growth. Two suitably chosen histograms are necessary if the S-phase influx is exponential in a time interval longer than the S-phase duration. The analysis procedure was tested on published autoradiographic data and applied to three cultured cell lines (CM-S, 3LL, and M14 cells) that show various patterns of DNA distribution. In each case the cell-cycle fractions, the DNA synthesis rate, and the S-phase duration were obtained. PMID- 6518938 TI - Proliferative characteristics of primary and metastatic human solid tumors by DNA flow cytometry. AB - The percentage of cells in S-phase (S-index) was calculated from DNA histograms of 453 primary and metastatic human solid tumors (predominantly bladder, breast, colorectal, renal, prostate, ovarian and lung carcinomas, melanomas, and sarcomas). S-indices varied widely among both primary and metastatic tumors (1 48%); there was no significant difference in S-indices between primary and metastatic tumors. The S-indices for aneuploid tumors were significantly higher than for diploid tumors. When data for all aneuploid tumors were analyzed collectively, there was no significant relationship between S-index and DNA ploidy index. However, for colorectal and ovarian carcinomas S-indices increased, and for lung carcinomas S-indices decreased with elevation in the degree of DNA ploidy. Lung carcinomas had the highest S-indices. Comparison of flow cytometry (FCM) and cytology data indicated that for most diploid tumors S-indices reflect the proportion of S-phase cells among a mixed population of normal and tumor cells. For most aneuploid tumors, the proportion of tumor cells estimated cytologically was similar to the proportion of aneuploid cells estimated by FCM. For a small proportion of aneuploid tumors a comparison of cytology and FCM data indicated the presence of a predominant diploid tumor stemline and a minor stemline with aneuploid DNA content. There was a wide spread in the values of S indices within tumor groups defined by degree of differentiation and stage of disease at surgery. PMID- 6518939 TI - Flow cytometry of postmortem human testicular tissue in cases of atherosclerosis. AB - From forty-seven autopsy cases of atherosclerosis flow cytometry (FCM) of DNA and histology of both testes are compared with the histological sections of their supplying vessels arteriae testiculares and arteriae ductus deferentis at different levels. By this method, changes of spermatogenesis are judged separately for each side and the results can be related to the local conditions of blood supply. Four young men, dead after traffic accidents, served as control. In the majority of cases, the computer-assisted evaluations of the meiotic DNA histograms show no differences between the right and left testis, even when differences of the arterial diameters are found by histology. On the other hand, cases with distinct differences in the histograms can show insignificant pathological alterations of the vessels. Though most excessive forms of macroscopic and microscopic atherosclerosis do not necessarily lead to a significant reduction in spermatogenesis, some cases with moderate forms show a strong reduction or even a total loss. This discrepancy can best be explained by superposition of other diseases. PMID- 6518940 TI - Preservation of cells sorted individually onto microscope slides with a fluorescence-activated cell sorter. AB - Fluorescence-activated cell sorters permit analyses and separation of cell populations based on light scatter and surface immunofluorescence parameters. Since a sorter can deposit individually identifiable cells onto a microscope slide, it was considered of interest to combine the flow measurements with analyses available on cells adhering to a surface as in, for example, morphological studies, cytoplasmic immunofluorescent staining, and mRNA in situ hybridization. A necessary condition for these studies is the preservation of cell structures after sorting. We report here a procedure suitable for this purpose. The most important features of this procedure are A) reducing the saline content of the sorter sheath fluid to about 0.0015 M (one-hundredth that of normal saline) to prevent cell damage due to hypertonicity during drying, and B) coating the substrate with a thin layer of newborn calf serum to promote the adherence of the cells to the substrate during subsequent fixing and staining. PMID- 6518941 TI - Design of flow chamber with electronic cell volume capability and light detection optics for multilaser flow cytometry. AB - A multibeam optical detection system has been developed with a high optical efficiency, achieved through a reduction in the number of optical interfaces employed in the system. This reduction is made possible by a combination of employing simple lenses, gluing the objective lens directly upon the face of the flow cuvette and the extraction of only one fluorescence signal from each laser beam. A modified flow chamber is also described that includes fluidic resistance elements for the elimination of most of the electric shielding normally associated with electronic cell volume measurements. PMID- 6518942 TI - Alignment and focusing unit for dual-laser excitation in the fluorescence activated cell sorter. AB - The two laser beams in a dual-laser fluorescence-activated cell sorter FACS-II can be aligned and focused independently on the sample stream with an additional unit, which can be fitted easily on the optical bench of the FACS. The unit consists of two spherical lenses, which have been mounted in separate holders and can be moved in three directions by way of micrometer gauges. The lenses, which have different focal lengths, have been cut off on one side so each laser beam only passes one lens. The setup has been tested using the flow analysis of a suspension of double-stained chicken red blood cells. The histograms of both fluorescence signals showed normal distributions with a coefficient of variation of approximately 6%. After willful interference with the adjustments, the laser beams could be readily readjusted within five minutes. PMID- 6518943 TI - Developmental pattern of gentamicin kinetics in very low birth weight (VLBW) sick infants. AB - Kinetic studies were carried out in 15 very low birth weight (VLBW) infants during three courses of gentamicin (G) therapy for suspected sepsis. All received two courses but only 6 required a third course. G dosage was 2.0 +/- 0.2 mg/kg/24 h for the first and second course and 2.5 mg/kg/12 h for the third course. G dosage was adjusted to maintain serum peak G concentration of 4-8 micrograms/ml and trough concentration of 0.5-2 micrograms/ml. On the third day of therapy, a 24-hour collection of urine for creatinine (C) and G concentrations was performed in 28 of 36 cases. G clearance and G elimination rate constant were calculated based on chronological age (CA) of less than or equal to 7 (I), 8-30 (II) and greater than or equal to 31 (III) days. The mean BW and GA were 1,002 +/- 206 g and 28.4 +/- 1.5 weeks, respectively. Mean CA for the starting of therapy for each course was the first day, 19 +/- 9 and 68 +/- 26 days of life, respectively. Mean serum G peak and trough concentrations were 5.9 +/- 1.1 and 1.6 +/- 0.6 micrograms/ml for the first; 5.7 +/- 1.2 and 1.3 +/- 0.6 micrograms/ml for the second; 5.1 +/- 0.8 and 1.1 +/- 0.6 micrograms/ml for the third course of therapy. Mean apparent volume of distribution of G were 0.53 +/- 0.10 liter/kg for the first and 0.50 +/- 0.11 liter/kg for the second and third courses. Mean clearances for the three CA groups were 6.4 +/- 1.9; 7.6 +/- 3.2; 24.1 +/- 8.0 ml/min/1.73 m2 for G and 6.4 +/- 2.2; 7.7 +/- 3.1; 23.3 +/- 8.8 for C with serum C of 1.3 +/- 0.4, 1.2 +/- 0.6 and 0.6 +/- 0.4 mg%, respectively. There were no statistically significant differences for serum C, G and C clearance between CA I and II but significant differences were found for the above between CA III vs. CA I and II (p less than 0.005). G clearance closely correlated with C clearance (r = 0.99, p less than 0.001). The elimination rate constant was significantly higher after 30 days of life when CA III is compared to CA I and II or combined (p less than 0.001). This study shows that during the first month of life, VLBW sick infants still have decreased renal function and poor G clearance, therefore, G should be given every 24 h and the dose be adjusted based on individual patient serum G levels. PMID- 6518944 TI - Effect of 'high-dose' amikacin in children. AB - 17 children with serious infections were treated for an average period of 9.5 days with 420 mg/m2/dose of amikacin every 8 h. The nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity of this 'high-dose' regimen was studied. None of the children had evidence of nephrotoxicity. Of 9 children who could be clearly evaluated, 1 child experienced a delayed transient auditory dysfunction. 1 child experienced delayed serious deafness, but was receiving other ototoxic drugs. Despite the fact that the doses averaged 54.1 mg/kg/day, 5 children in our series had peak concentrations lower than that recommended for adults with serious infection. PMID- 6518945 TI - Effect of chronic methadone administration on neuroendocrine function in developing rats. AB - This paper reports the effects of chronic postnatal methadone administration on basal hormone levels and on the endocrine response to methadone. Chronic postnatal methadone administration delayed normal developmental increases in serum T4 (decrease on day 5), corticosterone (CS) (days 15 and 20) and growth hormone (GH) (day 25). In addition, marked tolerance to methadone effects on GH, CS, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and prolactin (PRL) secretion developed during chronic postnatal administration, and effects on PRL and TSH secretion persisted after drug withdrawal. PMID- 6518946 TI - Caffeine effect on myocardial mechanical function in the neonatal rabbit heart. AB - The effects of 20 mM caffeine on myocardial mechanical function were studied in isolated, arterially perfused cardiac preparations of newborn and adult rabbits. Caffeine caused a significant increase in the maximal rate of tension development in the adult (141% of control) but not in the newborn (111%). The resting tension increased significantly in both age groups. However, the increase in the adult (245% of control) was also significantly greater than in the newborn (132%). At the points of maximum effect, caffeine perfusion in the newborn resulted in a decrease in the maximal rate of relaxation (29% of control) and an increase in the half relaxation time (144% of control) that were significantly greater than they were in the adult (41% and 103%, respectively). These data show distinct age related differences in the effects of caffeine on myocardial mechanical function. These differences may be due to maturational changes that occur in the sarcoplasmic reticulum and T tubule system of the rabbit heart. However, maturational changes in the activity of phosphodiesterase and/or the sympathetic nervous system may play a role. PMID- 6518947 TI - Proceedings of the Fourth International Colloquium of Developmental Pharmacology. Paris, May 19-21, 1983. PMID- 6518948 TI - Postnatal development of 3H-5-HT binding in the presence of GTP in rat brain cortex. PMID- 6518949 TI - Gentamicin, nephrotoxic risk and treatment of neonatal infection. PMID- 6518950 TI - Dibekacin in the newborn: pharmacokinetics and evaluation of ototoxicity in neonates and premature infants. PMID- 6518951 TI - Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of dibekacin in the neonate--comparison between the intramuscular and intravenous routes. PMID- 6518952 TI - Pharmacokinetic study of gentamicin in preterm and term neonates. PMID- 6518953 TI - The need for pharmacokinetic monitoring of gentamicin therapy in critically ill neonates. PMID- 6518954 TI - Technical aspects of the quantitative and differential analysis of the microbial intestinal ecosystem. PMID- 6518955 TI - Sequential development of the intestinal flora in newborn infants: a quantitative differential analysis. PMID- 6518956 TI - Effects of antibiotics on the microbial intestinal ecosystem. PMID- 6518957 TI - Antibiotic therapy and bacterial overgrowth in intestinal microbial ecosystem: a major risk of secondary infections in newborns. PMID- 6518958 TI - [Plasma concentrations of phenobarbital and dosage according to age]. AB - Phenobarbital was used as first treatment in 198 subjects with different loading doses adjusted according to age, followed by a daily maintenance dose of 5 mg/kg. A loading dose was given per os to 136 infants in four groups and intravenously to 62 subjects in five groups (including 30 adults). We found that the intravenous route must be used for the rapid production of therapeutic plasma concentrations and accordingly we recommend it in intensive care. Posology of 20 mg/kg i.v. appears to be adequate in children up to 15 years old while a posology of 15 mg/kg seems to be too high in adults. The maximum probability of efficiency is delayed up to 12 h when phenobarbital is given per os. Various posologies were found to be adequate in infants except for premature newborns. PMID- 6518959 TI - Changes in phenobarbital concentrations in the cerebrospinal fluid and blood of the newborn. PMID- 6518960 TI - Pharmacokinetic study in the premature newborn of a lyophilized form of phenobarbital. PMID- 6518961 TI - Ontogeny of human caffeine and theophylline metabolism. PMID- 6518962 TI - Study of blood-brain tissue [H+] gradient during respiratory alkalosis and experimental seizures in newborn piglets. Effect on phenobarbital distribution. PMID- 6518963 TI - Extrasystolic action potential and contraction in newborn rat myocardium. PMID- 6518964 TI - Influence of rat serum on cultured newborn rat heart cell inotropism. PMID- 6518965 TI - Pharmacokinetics of flunitrazepam after single rectal administration in children. PMID- 6518966 TI - The cutaneous absorption of vitamin A. A preliminary study. PMID- 6518967 TI - Effect of hyperbilirubinaemia on the plasma protein binding of chlorophenoxyisobutyric acid in neonates. PMID- 6518968 TI - Hepatic microsomal calcium uptake during the perinatal period. PMID- 6518969 TI - Placental drug transfer: methodological and therapeutic aspects. PMID- 6518970 TI - New procedure for fetal blood sampling during pregnancy: its application to prenatal pharmacology. PMID- 6518972 TI - Vitamin D-dependent calcium-binding protein in the cerebellum: a marker of Purkinje cell development. PMID- 6518971 TI - Placental transfer model in the pregnant ewe: use of stable isotopes. PMID- 6518973 TI - In vitro transfer of six benzamides in the human placenta. PMID- 6518974 TI - Effects of some adrenergic agents on rat myometrium at midpregnancy. PMID- 6518976 TI - Gentamicin administration to pregnant rats: effect on fetal renal development in utero. PMID- 6518975 TI - Monkey placenta, decidua, amnion or chorion does not contain measurable dopamine receptors. PMID- 6518977 TI - Aminoglycoside and new beta-lactam agents in neonatal antibiotic therapy. PMID- 6518978 TI - Ultrastructure of the levator muscle of the eyelid in ptosis due to third nerve palsy. AB - This paper deals with the histopathology of the levator muscle of the upper eyelid obtained in three cases of ptosis due to 3rd nerve palsy. Light- and electron-microscopy show muscle fibers decreased in number and altered, showing vacuolation, mitochondrial degeneration, large glycogen amounts, disorientation of myofibrils and Z-line changes. The findings are discussed and compared to the data reported by others. PMID- 6518979 TI - Main types of bull's eye maculopathy. Functional classification. AB - Bull's eye maculopathy is a non-specific reaction of the posterior pole of the eye. The concentric dispersion of pigment occurs when the disease interferes with the function of the retinal pigment epithelium. The site of the primary process may be the bipolar cell layer, the receptor cell layer or the retinal pigment epithelium. By means of electrodiagnostic techniques and color vision testing the site of the primary lesion as a rule can be retraced. PMID- 6518980 TI - Interhemispherical comparisons in the processing of contour and random texture sinewave stereograms. AB - Contour and random texture stereograms were developed, using continuously variable, vertically oriented, sinewave horizontal disparities and variable texture densities. The contours were both computer printed and generated, and presented on a dual-beam oscilloscope; the textures were generated on a UNIVAC-to Calcomp plotter, photographed, and then presented as slides, via rear-view polarized screens, in both static and dynamic modes. By means of fixation control, in normal subjects, the images in the right and left visual fields (thus: left and right visual cortices) were studied either separately or together. Parameters such as apparent depth, rate of depth-phi-motion, target density (matching and mismatching), depth ripple rate, Panum's horizontal fusion disparity limits, and imposed monocular vertical prismatic imbalance, were studied for the separate hemispheres. In all but a few instances, the results show comparable, thus symmetrical, performances for right and left visual cortices. In those few instances where we could say that clear inter-cortical differences were found, they were found with both contour and texture targets. Furthermore, the density range of the targets (from 0.5 down to 0.005) was chosen so as to cover the phenomenal and physical range from true textures, at the high density end, to single disparate dots, at the low disparity end. But no sharp flex points were found, for any of several parameters, when moving from textured to dot targets. Although generally, observer and hemispherical variance were greater with the higher densities, the curves (with density) were ogival or S shaped in form and never discontinuous. These results are discussed in the context of two previous findings in the literature. We cannot support the claim that there is somehow a difference in the way in which the visual cortex processes localized dot or contour targets from the way in which it processes pattern or texture targets. Secondly, the literature tends increasingly to support the contention that right occipital injuries hinder the processing of texture stereograms but not that of dot or contour stereograms. Since we could find only a scattered enhancement of right hemispherical prowess in normal vision, with both sorts of stereograms, this suggests that, - should these effects be reliably found in such patients, - they would have a different and non congenital basis. PMID- 6518982 TI - [Quantitative measurement of the resolving capacity of human hearing]. PMID- 6518981 TI - Cotton-thread tear test: an experimental study for testing drugs suspected of side effects on lacrimation. AB - We tested tear fluid production and lacrimal peroxidase secretion in rats without and with drug consumption with the cotton-thread tear test. Twelve frequently prescribed drugs in patients were given in recommended therapeutic and excessive doses to rats. Daily oral doses during five days of Sudafed Plus (chlorpheniramine/pseudoephedrine combination), promethazine, atropine, timolol, aspirin, diazepam and furosemide equivalent to the doses used for adult humans on a drug-to-body-weight basis or excessive doses, resulted in about 20-60% reduction of tearing. Changes in lacrimal peroxidase secretion were found after administration of atropine, aspirin, furosemide, indomethacine and pilocarpine. Generally, tear production and lacrimal peroxidase secretion returned to baseline levels after withdrawal of the drugs. PMID- 6518983 TI - [Hydrophobic groups in nucleotide base stacking: a study of the role of methyl groups in thymine dimer hydration by the Monte Carlo method]. PMID- 6518984 TI - [Structure of crystallins in the crystalline lens based on X-ray diffraction data]. PMID- 6518985 TI - [Cellular kinetic model for studying geroprotectors and geropromotors]. PMID- 6518986 TI - [NMR tomography in the study of pathological processes in living organisms (in vivo)]. PMID- 6518987 TI - [Metabolic effects of gangliosides]. PMID- 6518988 TI - [Action of proteolytic enzymes from the cytosol of human erythrocytes on tuftsin, the peptide activator of phagocytosis]. PMID- 6518989 TI - [Physiology of the healing process. The role of the lacrimal glands]. PMID- 6518990 TI - [Chromosomal nonlinkage of 2 genes of the family mos in man]. PMID- 6518991 TI - [Lithium content of the blood in persons from different regions of the USSR]. PMID- 6518992 TI - [Effects of exposure to neodymium laser radiation on biological tissues]. PMID- 6518993 TI - [Mechanism of action of natural lipid immunomodulators]. PMID- 6518994 TI - [Coronary artery spasm]. PMID- 6518996 TI - [Cancer embolization into the lungs]. PMID- 6518995 TI - [Estrogens, progestins and blood lipids]. PMID- 6518997 TI - [Ear findings in patients with cleft palate]. PMID- 6518998 TI - [Septic shock following septoplasty]. PMID- 6518999 TI - [Myasthenia gravis, thymoma and immunodeficiency]. PMID- 6519000 TI - [Treatment of childhood celiac disease]. PMID- 6519001 TI - [Beer and health]. PMID- 6519003 TI - [Cholesterol: essential for life but harmful]. PMID- 6519002 TI - [Aerospace medicine in today's reality]. PMID- 6519004 TI - [Trimethoprim does not cause folic acid deficiency]. PMID- 6519005 TI - [Toxic megacolon in psychiatric patients]. PMID- 6519006 TI - [The scientific work of students: its role in the formation of health professionals]. AB - This article describes the results of 16 years of experience in the scientific development of students of the medical sciences in Cuba, particularly those of the old Faculty of Medicine of Havana University, today the Superior Institute of Medical Sciences. It describes the different intra- and extracurricular forms that this activity can take, with emphasis on the favorable experience built up in the so-called Scientific Working Groups associated with the research projects of faculty members. The article highlights the educational effect of this practice and the need to make it a required and evaluated activity on the curriculum and at the same time that it be given moral and material encouragement. In view of the demands imposed by the scientific and technical revolution, it is felt that scientific work contributes to the development of abilities, attitudes and aptitudes for creative work and for the acquisition of knowledge needed by every university graduate, and is also useful in the selection of future researchers and teachers. The article also underscores the part played by student organizations in the successful conduct of scientific work by students and in its disclosure through their periodical. PMID- 6519007 TI - [The professional profile of the physician]. AB - This article presents a study done to develop a professional profile of the physician based on the criteria of the medical faculty of the School of Medicine of Concepcion University, Chile. It describes the methodology applied in the study and the results obtained organized under five heads: the personal qualities of the physician, professional ethics, professional competence, professional improvement, and the administrative aspects of the physician's work. The article stresses that constructing a professional profile is the most efficient way to organize the entire process of professional training and curriculum evaluation and that, therefore, every university should devise and continually revise the profiles of the professions in which it offers training. PMID- 6519008 TI - [A change of attitude among health personnel: a function of the schools of public health]. AB - This presentation examines the problem of certain attitudes of persons employed in health and other sectors, and of the beneficiary population itself which, though not blocking, at least make it difficult to promote the attainment of health for all based on primary care. The author describes the changes of attitude and behavior patterns needed both in the whole population, for whose sake the changes are needed, and in those charged with establishing policies and providing health care. At the same time, he identifies the functions that schools of public health may have to perform in order to promote and bring about those changes. With a precise idea of what the desirable changes are and what they consist of, the article examines in detail the principal areas of interest, which it distinguishes as follows: the meaning of health; the meaning of health care and health development; the scope of policy-making; intersectoral and multidisciplinary collaboration; community involvement and self-care; cost containment of medical care; health system organization and operation; health management training, and health manpower development. The author concludes by underscoring the vital importance of understanding the meaning of health for all and of taking cognizance of the current deficiencies of the health education and service systems, but states that it is just as important to keep an optimistic and positive attitude. PMID- 6519009 TI - [Cosmopolitan and traditional health systems: woman as the nexus]. AB - The cost of extending health care to rural areas in developing countries has hindered efforts to bring cosmopolitan or "western" medicine into those areas. As a cost-effective and realistic strategy for expanding the services needed in the countryside-in a context of finite resources-the writer proposes making women agents of health care in the rural care system and giving them training that includes both formal and traditional practices. The process offers the woman, as a mother, the opportunity to play a leading part in evaluating the health status of her children and other members of her family. Based on the experience acquired in a rural health project carried out in the Altiplano of Bolivia, specific recommendations are made for application of this approach, which is based in the community itself, and the difficulties encountered in its practical application are cited. PMID- 6519010 TI - [Politics of human health resources: a proposal for their formation]. AB - This article is an account of almost two years of experience in manpower policy. The authors worked together in the Central American area, one in an international cooperation agency and the other as a local official who also worked at the international level. The circumstances that have generated interest in work of this kind are examined, considerations are advanced on the framing of a definition of "policy" in relation to this particular problem, and a policy structure is proposed on the basis of elements grouped as homogeneously as possible. On the basis of the experience of three countries, the elements are determined that can be involved in the process of working out a manpower policy. A detailed description is then given of the model generated in the Community Health Training Program for Central America and Panama (PASCCAP) for the formulation and promulgation of a policy, and of the first results obtained in the Central American Area. PMID- 6519011 TI - [Reaction of the submandibular salivary glands to exposure to a fractionated extract of mouse submandibular salivary glands (1)]. PMID- 6519012 TI - [Dependence of oxygen consumption on hemoglobin concentrations and blood viscosity in acute hemorrhage]. PMID- 6519014 TI - [Pharmacokinetics of isodinit (from Pharmachem) in humans]. PMID- 6519013 TI - [Effect of multiple applications of heavy metal salts on NADPH-dependent lipid peroxidation]. PMID- 6519015 TI - [Hematopoietic changes in states of severe malnutrition in anorexia nervosa]. AB - This work, studying the effects of severe caloric deficiency on the medullary activity, shows that, in anorexia nervosa, there are some modifications of the stem cells, in particular in the granulocyte line and that its rarefaction is proportional to the intensity of denutrition. The reduction of the stock of stem cells, for which two hypotheses have been raised, could be a factor of vulnerability to infections in these patients in case of severe denutrition. PMID- 6519018 TI - Symposium on medical toxicology. PMID- 6519016 TI - [Decrease in transcortin binding activity in depression]. AB - In a preliminary study, Cortico-Binding Globuline (CBG) has been determined in 10 depressed major inpatients (DSM3) and compared with healthy volunteers. A clear cut fall of binding activity of transcortin is reported in depressed patients associated with an increase of total and free plasmatic cortisol. PMID- 6519017 TI - [Haloperidol decanoate. Results of an open-ended multicentric study in chronic psychotic states]. AB - An open multicentric study of 196 in-patients was carried out in 9 centres. After an initial stabilization (min. 15 days) with oral haloperidol, patients received haloperidol decanoate IM for at least 24 weeks (or a minimum of 9 injections). RESULTS: - esterification of haloperidol increased the duration of its efficacy (interval between 2 injections: average 4 weeks) without interfering with its therapeutic activity (global appreciation scale, BPRS at each injection and at the end of the treatment); - equivalent quantities of haloperidol injected at a time were 15 to 20 times those administered daily during the initial stabilisation period; - side-effects were not different with haloperidol decanoate as compared to those of the previous period (haloperidol). PMID- 6519019 TI - The adolescent overdose. Evaluation and referral. AB - Guidelines are provided for distinguishing between an accidental overdose, a suicidal gesture, and an attempted suicide. Emergency physicians are the primary contacts for overdosed adolescents and are responsible for both the acute medical care and the initial psychosocial evaluation. The physician must refer the patient to the appropriate acute and long-term support programs that facilitate the process of maturation. PMID- 6519020 TI - Observations on the current status of poison control centers in the United States. AB - The history, effectiveness, and services of regional poison control centers are reviewed. In addition, the American Association of Poison Control Centers criteria for designation as a regional poison control center are presented. PMID- 6519021 TI - Diuresis, dialysis, and hemoperfusion. Indications and benefits. AB - The author discusses the clinical indications for therapy to enhance removal of toxins; the methods available to enhance removal of toxins, including forced diuresis and control of urine pH, peritoneal dialysis, hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion; the kinetics of hemodialysis and hemoperfusion; and the pharmacokinetic prediction of the efficacy of hemodialysis and hemoperfusion. PMID- 6519022 TI - Role of the emergency physician in treatment of the poisoned patient. AB - Toxicology is part of the core knowledge necessary for the practice of emergency medicine. The basic principles outlined in this article include initial emergency department treatment; prehospital management; the special problems of ocular and cutaneous exposures and inhaled toxins; the definitive treatment of ingested toxins; and the indications for discharge from the emergency department. PMID- 6519023 TI - The emergency management of caustic ingestions. AB - In the emergency department, any patient who is suspected of having sustained a caustic ingestion must be handled in a serious manner. All patients should be initially stabilized with regard to airway and circulatory status. Initial questioning concerning the type and quantity of agent ingested will be most helpful. Signs and symptoms of shock, impending perforation, or airway distress take precedence over any further work-up. Patients who have a known history of ingestion require admission to the hospital. Complete physical examination should be carried out, bearing in mind that the lack of oropharyngeal involvement or other symptoms does not rule out the possibility of esophageal burns. One should avoid emesis and should begin early dilutional therapy. Water may be used initially to dislodge adherent solid particles, as well as to dilute the caustic ingestion. It is important not to be excessively aggressive with dilution, as this may cause nausea, vomiting, and possible aspiration. Early otolaryngologic evaluation will be most helpful. The role of early esophagoscopy has been demonstrated to aid greatly in determining the further management. This diagnostic procedure should be carried out within 48 hours after ingestion. Based on the information obtained with esophagoscopy, patients who have had moderate esophageal burns should receive 20 mg methylprednisone intravenously every eight hours if under the age of two and 40 mg intravenously every eight hours if over the age of two. When oral preparations can be used, 2 mg per kg of prednisone should be continued for three to four weeks. Antibiotic coverage should be reserved until the first sign of infection occurs. PMID- 6519024 TI - Toxicology of drug abuse. AB - Almost all of the drugs of abuse can be identified in bodily fluids, and attempts should be made to do so. These specific drug assays help to document intoxication but do not aid in the emergency management of an acutely intoxicated patient. There are no specific antidotes for the drugs of abuse; symptomatic, detailed medical care is the cornerstone to the successful management of the patient. PMID- 6519025 TI - Symposium on musculoskeletal problems. PMID- 6519026 TI - Presence of adrenocorticotropin-potentiating factors in porcine thyroid glands. AB - An extract of porcine thyroid gland in 0.1 N acetic acid exerted dose-dependent potentiation of ACTH-induced corticosterone production in isolated rat adrenal cells. The extract by itself manifested no steroidogenic activity. Upon gel filtration of the extract, potentiating activities were demonstrated in three main peaks with molecular weights of about 10,000, 5,000 and 2,000. These findings indicate the presence of heterogeneous forms of ACTH-potentiating factors in the thyroid. Significant enhancement of ACTH-induced steroidogenesis was readily apparent with three gel-filtration fractions at a lower concentration of ACTH (4.75 pM). At this concentration, dose-dependent potentiation was observed with these three fractions. Enhanced corticosterone production responses by cells preincubated with the thyroid extract were observed and the results indicated the existence of potentiating mechanisms other than inhibition of ACTH proteolysis. The lack of T4, T3 and thyroglobulin in this activity suggests that the activity resides in other constituents of the thyroid. PMID- 6519027 TI - The effects of postural changes on ADH release and the renal handling of sodium and water in patient with idiopathic edema. AB - In order to investigate the role of ADH and the renal handling of sodium and water in patients with idiopathic edema, 21 patients were subjected to acute oral water load tests. Although a normal water diuresis was observed in al patients in supine posture, it was markedly impaired in upright posture with significant decreases in sodium, free water, and osmolar clearances. In particular, two patients exhibited the continuous production of concentrated urine after the water load in upright posture. The fractional reabsorption of sodium at the proximal tubules was significantly increased in upright posture, while the glomerular filtration rate did not change significantly. The constricting of both legs with elastic bandages tended to improve the water diuresis in upright posture, suggesting that the pooling of blood into the lower legs might be contributing to the formation of idiopathic edema. The patients showed normal osmoregulation of ADH release in supine, but not in upright posture: the suppression of ADH release in upright posture was only transient or incomplete despite a sufficient fall in plasma osmolality following the water load. Thus, both an increase in renal sodium reabsorption and the insufficient suppression of ADH release in upright posture might contribute to the retention of body fluid in patients with idiopathic edema. PMID- 6519029 TI - Abnormal accumulation of proteoglycan in human thyroid adenocarcinoma tissue. AB - Glycosaminoglycan (GAG) was extracted from thyroid tissue obtained at surgery for thyroid adenoma and adenocarcinoma and compared with that extracted from the thyroid tissue obtained at autopsy of non-thyroid disease. The amount of GAG was almost doubled in thyroid adenoma and increased from 6 to 15 fold in adenocarcinoma when compared with that of apparently normal thyroid tissue. Analysis by Sepharose 2B or 6B column chromatography revealed that at least a part of the GAG in thyroid carcinoma tissue was present in macromolecule form and the molecular size became smaller when treated with papain or alkaline borohydride. The results indicated that those fractions of GAG were present as proteoglycans. The GAG was composed of a mixture of heparan sulfate and chondroitin sulfate or dermatan sulfate in one carcinoma tissue and mainly composed of chondroitin sulfate or dermatan sulfate in the other. The mechanism of the increase in proteoglycan and GAG remains to be elucidated. PMID- 6519028 TI - Glucocorticoid receptor in the rat uterus. AB - 3H-Dexamethasone binding sites with a Kd of approximately 0.7 nM and a maximum number of binding sites of approximately 0.3 pmoles/mg protein were demonstrated in the uterine cytosol of adrenalectomized rats only if dithiothreitol was present in the incubation mixture and the simultaneous presence of molybdate further enhanced the binding in the cytosol. The binding sites exhibited a high specificity for glucocorticoids and were depleted in a dose-dependent manner from cytosol after administration of dexamethasone to animals. The depletion was not due to the occupation of the binding sites by the dexamethasone administered and the rate of depletion was correlated with the inhibition of uterine growth induced by estrogen administration. The cytosol labeled with 3H-dexamethasone in the presence of dithiothreitol bound to DNA-cellulose efficiently after heating at 25 degrees C for 30 min and the binding was inhibited by pyridoxal 5' phosphate added to the reaction mixture. The effect of heating on the DNA cellulose binding was abolished by molybdate in the incubation mixture. From these observations, it was concluded that 3H-dexamethasone binding sites in the rat uterus were physiologically active glucocorticoid receptors. PMID- 6519030 TI - An approach to searching for specific proteins associated with active genes in hen oviduct. AB - This study has examined an approach to searching for specific proteins associated with the altered nucleosome structure of transcriptionally active genes that are induced by steroid hormones in the hen oviduct. Hen oviduct nuclei were digested with micrococcal nuclease by the procedure which selectively excises nucleosomes from the ovalbumin gene. The oviduct nuclei, as well as chick erythrocyte nuclei, were also digested with DNAase I under conditions preferentially sensitive to the ovalbumin gene, as well as the globin gene. Released proteins were characterized by one- and two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with detection by silver staining. Thus, high mobility group (HMG) proteins 14 and 17 were found in the three cases of nuclease digestion. Furthermore, about 10, 20 and 15 nonhistone protein spots, specific to each nuclease action, were observed in the cases of micrococcal nuclease to oviduct nuclei and DNAase I to oviduct and erythrocyte nuclei, respectively. Between these three series of protein spots, at least three spots were characterized to be common to those released by both nucleases from oviduct nuclei. These common proteins may be involved, as estrogen receptor proteins or others, in recognition of the ovalbumin DNA sequences, followed by a non-sequence-specific process in which the HMG proteins alter the structure of nucleosomes along the transcription unit. PMID- 6519031 TI - Transient thyrotoxicosis after unilateral adrenalectomy in two patients with Cushing's syndrome. AB - We found transient hyperthyroidism in the course of hydrocortisone withdrawal in two patients who had undergone unilateral adrenalectomy to resect cortisol hypersecreting adenoma. A 38-yr-old woman showed clinical thyrotoxicosis 3 months after the operation. Serum T4, T3 and TBG levels were 11.9 micrograms/dl, 310 ng/dl and 16.5 micrograms/ml, respectively. She was given methimazole (MMI) 15 mg/day for 4 weeks. After the cessation of MMI treatment, she eventually recovered to the euthyroid state. The other patient, a 34-yr-old man showed very mild clinical symptoms of hyperthyroidism 2 months after the operation. Serum T4, T3 and TBG levels were 10.4 micrograms/dl, 240 ng/dl and 14.5 micrograms/ml, respectively. In this case, no antithyroid drug was given. Two to three months after the onset of hyperthyroidism, he returned to the euthyroid state spontaneously. We carefully eliminated the possibility of factitious thyrotoxicosis in both cases. They had neither neck pain nor fever. Both had low radioactive iodine uptake by the thyroid. Therefore, we diagnosed them as painless thyroiditis induced after the resection of hypersecreting adrenal adenoma. PMID- 6519032 TI - Stability of receptor complexes in the rat liver bound to glucocorticoids of different biopotencies. AB - To examine the behavior in the receptor-acceptor system of glucocorticoids of different biopotencies, the stability of receptor complexes of dexamethasone (Dex), prednisolone (Pred) and corticosterone (Cort) in cytosols, nuclei and nuclear extracts from the rat liver was compared. Receptor complexes bound to these ligands were relatively stable at 0 degrees C, but at 25 degrees C a rapid liberation of ligands was observed. However, differences in the rate of temperature-dependent decay of these receptor complexes were obvious; the Dex receptor complex was the most stable, the receptor complex bound to Cort liberated the ligand most rapidly and the stability of the Pred-receptor complex was the intermediate of these two. The addition of molybdate and dithiothreitol stabilized the receptor complexes in cytosols but these agents accelerated the liberation of ligands from the complexes in nuclei and nuclear extracts. Among the factors examined, only bovine serum albumin decreased the rate of decay in the nuclear-bound receptor complexes. From these observations, it appears likely that different mechanisms may contribute to the dissociation of ligand from receptor complexes in cytosols, nuclei and nuclear extracts. PMID- 6519033 TI - Influence of glucocorticoids on brain serotonin metabolism in rats. AB - It has been suggested brain serotonin (5HT) plays a role in regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal system, although none of the experimental approaches so far reported has produced unequivocal results, mainly on account of the static tissue 5HT level or the known effects of drugs being employed in interpretation of their data. The present study in rats of the possible feedback influence of glucocorticoids on the brain 5HT was designed to analyze the dynamic turnover of its metabolism. Intracisternal injection of corticosterone (COR) caused no significant changes in 5HT content but increased its turnover dose dependently in the cortex-cerebellum and the rostral brain stem including the hypothalamus, and lowered the serum COR level at doses less than 5.0 micrograms/kg, reducing its effect with increasing doses. Intracisternal or intraperitoneal administration of miliary doses of dexamethasone (DEX) decreased 5HT turnover in the same brain portions. The effects of glucocorticoids on the brain 5HT metabolism were more potent when injected intracisternally, especially onto the rostral brain stem. Although COR and DEX played controversial roles, the present results suggest that adrenal glucocorticoids may directly act on brain 5HT metabolism and there may be a feed-back relation between adrenal glucocorticoid and brain 5HT. PMID- 6519034 TI - Comparative study of blocking effects of various retinoids on the occurrence of permanent proliferation of vaginal epithelium in mice treated neonatally with estrogen. AB - Neonatal injections of 20 micrograms 17 beta-estradiol (E2) induced persistent proliferation and cornification of the vaginal epithelium in adult ovariectomized C57 Black/Tw mice. However, permanent vaginal changes were prevented by various retinoids when, simultaneously with E2 treatment, the animals were given injections of 100 micrograms daily dose of retinol, retinol acetate, retinal or of 200 micrograms daily dose of retinol palmitate (RoP). Neonatal injections of a 100 micrograms daily dose of RoP had no preventive effect on the occurrence of E2 induced permanent vaginal changes. This finding suggests that the preventive effect of RoP is weaker than that of other retinoids showing approximately the same degree of prevention. Combined treatment with E2 plus retinoic acid (even a small dose of 20 micrograms) had such a toxic effect on newborn mice that they died within 7 days after birth, while the animals given neonatal injections of 20 micrograms retinoic acid alone survived until the termination of the experiment. PMID- 6519035 TI - Restoration of fertility with gonadotropin and bromocriptine in a hypogonadal man after removal of macroprolactinoma. AB - A case of male hypogonadism after removal of macroprolactinoma was successfully treated with gonadotropin. A 35-year-old man treated surgically for pituitary adenoma had elevated plasma prolactin and impaired pituitary function after the operation. He was on replacement of hydrocortisone, levothyroxine and testosterone depot along with bromocriptine. Normal plasma testosterone levels were achieved with HCG, 3,000 IU three times a week. The addition of 75 IU of FSH daily restored spermatogenesis and the sperm count reached the fertile range at the 11th month. Doses of HCG and FSH were cut in half at the 10th month without affecting the plasma testosterone levels. His wife was impregnated at the 12th month and gave birth to a normal baby girl. PMID- 6519036 TI - Tracheobronchoscopy: a clear view of a confused field? PMID- 6519038 TI - Botulism and conserved grass feeding. PMID- 6519037 TI - Bone cement in orthopedics. PMID- 6519039 TI - Interpreting radiographs 5: radiology of the equine hock. PMID- 6519040 TI - Is your progesterone therapy really necessary? PMID- 6519041 TI - Collection and evaluation of tracheobronchial washes in the horse. AB - A flexible endoscope was used to obtain 223 tracheal washes from 191 horses in three clinical categories. Total cell counts, cytological and bacteriological examinations are reported and the features of the main cell types encountered described. The presence and degree of inflammatory airway disease was determined by a semiquantitative assessment of the neutrophil response and was an important consideration in the interpretation of the bacteriological results. Potential pathogens were isolated from approximately 30 per cent of samples. Cytological changes suggestive of lungworm infestation, virus infection and chronic airway disease are described. Haemosiderophages, indicative of pulmonary haemorrhage, were found in all horses in full training. The techniques used were rapid and simple and were found to improve the accuracy of diagnosis of pulmonary disease. Sequential samples were useful for monitoring the progress of clinical cases. PMID- 6519042 TI - Standardised terminology for the description and analysis of equine locomotion. AB - Terminology for the analysis of equine locomotion is reviewed and the most appropriate terms selected for use by research workers in this field. Each cycle of limb movement comprises a stance phase, when the hoof is in contact with the ground, alternating with a swing phase. The stance phase is subdivided at the mid stance position into an initial decelerative phase followed by a propulsive phase. When the stance phases of different limbs occur concurrently, the term overlap refers to the duration of simultaneous ground contact. Single support is the term used to describe the phase when the limb is in its stance phase unaided by any other limb. A gait consists of a limb coordination pattern repeated at each stride. The start and finish of the stride must be designated as a prerequisite to the determination of stride length, stride duration and stride frequency. In asymmetrical gaits, such as the gallop, the stride as a whole will have a stride stance phase, when one or more limbs are in contact with the ground, and a suspension phase. In symmetrical gaits, such as the trot and pace, the stride consists of left and right stance phases and suspension phases. Advanced placement and advanced lift off measure the time between ground placement and lift off respectively of consecutive limbs. The line of motion indicates the progressive movement of the centre of gravity in the X-Y plane. Measurements in th Y-Z plane, such as line gait and overcrossing, describe the ground placement of the hooves relative to the line of motion. Diagonal width is the distance between diagonal limb pairs in this plane. PMID- 6519043 TI - Importance of uniform cuff application for equine blood pressure measurement. AB - Seventeen horses were used to determine the variances associated with blood pressure cuff application (Sp2) and with other inherent errors (So2). Systolic pressure values had Sp2 = 3.9 mmHg and So2 = 5.6 mmHg, while diastolic pressure values had Sp2 = 1.1 mmHg and So2 = 4.4 mmHg. Thus, to be considered different, two blood pressure means (in mmHg), each derived from three readings, had to differ by at least 3.9 for systolic pressure and 3.4 for diastolic pressure when all readings were made without cuff displacement; 6.8 for systolic pressure and 4.6 for diastolic pressure when the cuff was reapplied between, but not during, measurement of each mean; and 5.0 for systolic pressure and 3.8 for diastolic pressure when the cuff was reapplied between all readings. It was concluded that uniform cuff application is readily achieved. PMID- 6519044 TI - Distal splint bone fractures in the horse: an experimental and clinical study. AB - An experimental and clinical study to investigate the aetiology of distal splint bone fractures is described. In vitro, extension of the fetlock did not appear to alter the position of the distal ends of the splint bones, although tension in the interosseous tendons increased. Flexion of the fetlock resulted in slight outward displacement of the distal ends of the splint bones. It is suggested that concurrent desmitis of the suspensory ligament can cause movement of the ends of the splint bones thus predisposing to a fatigue fracture. In a clinical study of 87 horses, 114 splint bone fractures were identified. In at least 70 per cent of horses, suspensory desmitis was present. Follow up information was available in 24 horses in which more than 80 per cent of the fractures healed spontaneously. Non-union fractures were not painful and did not cause lameness. PMID- 6519046 TI - Equine cutis hyperelastica. PMID- 6519045 TI - Enzymatic determination of unconjugated oestrogens in faeces for pregnancy diagnosis in mares. PMID- 6519048 TI - An unusual presentation of osteochondrosis dissecans in a foal. PMID- 6519047 TI - Use of bone cement in two equine orthopaedic cases. PMID- 6519049 TI - Cryptococcal granuloma associated with jejunal intussusception in a horse. PMID- 6519050 TI - Clinical examination of the equine heart. PMID- 6519051 TI - Maximum weights of lift acceptable to male and female industrial workers for extended work shifts. PMID- 6519052 TI - Comprehensive maximum acceptable weight of lift database for regular 8-hour work shifts. PMID- 6519053 TI - A conceptualization of driving behaviour as threat avoidance. PMID- 6519054 TI - Assessment of back load in assemblyline work using electromyography. PMID- 6519055 TI - Hand anthropometry of Hong Kong Chinese females compared to other ethnic groups. PMID- 6519056 TI - Transient myopia after visual work. PMID- 6519057 TI - Single and double contrast arthrography in lesions of the glenohumeral joint. AB - One hundred and forty-five arthrograms from single and double contrast arthrography were compared with respect to their accuracy in revealing lesions of the glenohumeral joint. Total and partial rotator cuff tears were accurately delineated by both single and double contrast arthrography. The size of the tear did not correlate with surgical findings with either technique. The volume of the injected contrast medium was larger in full-thickness rotator cuff tears than in normal arthrograms (p less than 0.001; t test). As expected, this volume was not correlated with the size of the tear. Dislocation of the biceps tendon was well imaged if the biceps sheath was filled with contrast medium. The sheath became filled less frequently in total rotator cuff tears than in cases with an intact cuff (p less than 0.001; X2 test). No difference in filling frequency of the sheath could be observed between single and double contrast arthrography. This study did not reveal any major advantages of double contrast arthrography over single contrast examinations in lesions of the rotator cuff and those of the tendon of the long head of the biceps brachii. PMID- 6519058 TI - Radioaerosol lung imaging in chronic obstructive airway disease. AB - Inhalation radioaerosol lung imaging was performed in 22 patients with chronic obstructive lung disease (COLD) and in 8 healthy subjects. Aerosol deposition pattern within the right lung, as recorded by a gamma camera, was expressed by means of the aerosol distribution index (ADI). The degree of airway obstruction as measured by airways resistance (Raw) was significantly correlated with ADI. Differing stages of COLD are characterized by differing radioaerosol images, which may resemble each other in end-stage disease. The readily available radioaerosol technique can disclose the location and magnitude of bronchitic airway alterations and be useful for clinical inhalation lung imaging in multiple views. PMID- 6519060 TI - Panoramic zonography in evaluation of recurrent basal cell carcinoma of the face. AB - Nine patients with recurrent, facial basal cell carcinoma were followed up both clinically and radiographically using a panoramic technique. A cylindrical image track was used for panoramic radiography. Five patients had bony destruction due to tumour re-occurrence, four patients had bony defects caused by surgery. The confirmation of the results by surgery and/or follow-up shows that the spread of basal cell carcinoma into bone can be diagnosed using a panoramic technique. PMID- 6519061 TI - MR-tomography in the diagnosis of malignant soft-tissue tumours. AB - Nine patients with malignant, peripheral soft-tissue tumours were examined using a 0.35 T MR equipment. In 7 cases in which tumour presence was surgically verified, a definite identification as well as an exact determination of tumour extension was achieved using MR. The various tumours exhibited a particularly high degree of contrast when using a T2-weighted Spin-Echo-(SE) as well as the T1 weighted Inversion-Recovery-(IR) mode. The T1- and T2-relaxation times of the soft-tissue malignancies evaluated in this study were markedly longer than those obtained for normal tissue. In 2 patients within the collective, a definite exclusion of tumour recurrence was possible. PMID- 6519059 TI - Magnetic resonance (MR) in the diagnosis of pancreatic disease. AB - New methods of examination are measured in terms of the efficiency of their predecessors. The introduction of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) and computerised tomography (CT) constituted a turning point in the diagnosis of pancreatic disease. In its incipient stages as a clinical diagnostic method, the question is raised whether or not there is evidence that magnetic resonance (MR) can supplement, improve upon or replace the customary methods. It must, however, be taken into account that the technical development of MR is still in progress and that clinical experience with MR in the diagnosis of pancreatic disease, as in other areas, is still insufficient. At this point it is only possible to survey the trends. PMID- 6519062 TI - CT diagnosis of thrombosis of dural sinuses in childhood. AB - This paper describes the CT findings in five cases of cerebral and cerebellar sinovenous occlusion. Characteristic CT findings are the visualisation of the thrombosed sinuses and veins, known as the "filled triangle" and the "cord sign" on the control scan, and the "empty triangle" with tentorial and gyral enhancement after contrast enhancement. The high incidence of thrombosed internal cerebral veins and superior cerebellar veins with sinus thrombosis in children is remarkable. CT with both control and contrast enhanced scans will probably provide the correct diagnosis in the majority of cases. PMID- 6519063 TI - Dural fistulas of the cavernous sinus. A report of 5 cases. AB - Five cases of dural fistulas of the cavernous sinus are reported. The clinical aspect of this lesion is often misleading in the absence of subjective or objective bruits. The diagnosis is made at angiography which should systematically include the internal and external carotid arteries bilaterally. The goal of this study was to elucidate the great variability of the venous drainage and to correlate it with the clinical symptoms and course. The main problem is to know when and how these fistulas should be treated. Vascular ligatures should not be performed. Therapeutic angiography is the treatment of choice, but should be limited to the following indications: poorly tolerated bruits, severe ophthalmic damage (elevated ocular tension, diminished visual acuity, or oculomotor paralysis), angiographically demonstrated massive arteriovenous shunting, and a high degree of cortical venous reflux. Whatever the indication, the course after embolisation is rarely predictable and in particular the risk of extensive venous thrombosis or recurrence is great. PMID- 6519064 TI - Turnover of apical plasma membrane in thyroid follicle cells of normal and thyroxine-treated rats. AB - In thyroid follicle cells exocytotic vesicles transfer newly synthesized thyroglobulin to the follicle lumen and new membrane to the apical plasma membrane. In a previous study data obtained by quantitative electron microscopy were used to estimate the turnover of the pool of exocytotic vesicles in follicle cells of normal and thyroxine-treated (2 days) rats. In the present study, these kinetic data were combined with stereological measurements to calculate the amount of membrane added to the apical plasma membrane by exocytosis and, indirectly, to estimate the turnover of this membrane. In follicle cells of normal rats the area of the membrane added was about 240 micron2/h (180 micron2/h after correction for stereological overestimation) and in thyroxine-treated rats about 105 micron2/h (corrected 80 micron2/h). These areas corresponded to the addition of 1.2% and 0.7% respectively, of the apical plasma membrane per minute. In each cell the total volume of the exocytotic vesicles emptying their content into the follicle lumen in normal rats was 6.2 micron3/h (corrected 4.7 micron3/h) and in thyroxine-treated rats 3.0 micron3/h (corrected 2.3 micron3/h). Considerations based on the findings in the present study suggest that in normal rats macropinocytosis (formation of colloid droplets) is the most important endocytotic pathway for internalization of colloid, while micropinocytosis is the major pathway of membrane internalization. In thyroxine-treated rats macropinocytosis is inhibited. The low volume capacity of the micropinocytotic pathway probably explains the accumulation of colloid protein, mainly thyroglobulin, observed in such rats. PMID- 6519065 TI - Rate of protein transport in thyroid follicle cells of normal, thyroxine-treated and TSH-injected rats. AB - The transport of labeled protein in thyroid follicles was studied with quantitative electron microscopic autoradiography in normal and T4-treated rats (2d) injected with 3H-leucine 1 to 6 h before perfusion fixation. During this time interval the total amount of labeled protein in either group was unchanged, although T4-treatment caused a reduction by about 30% of the amount of 3H-leucine incorporated into protein. The autoradiographic data were corrected for the effect of scatter of radioactivity. The relative amounts of labeled, exportable protein in the compartments Er-Golgi and exocytotic vesicles were then estimated. The half-lives of labeled, exportable protein in these compartments were calculated with non-linear regression analysis. In normal rats the half-life of labeled, exportable protein in ER-Golgi was 28 min and in the exocytotic vesicles 18 min. Inhibition of TSH-secretion by injection of thyroxine decreased the rate of protein transport through the follicle cell and increased the half-lives to 63 min (ER-Golgi) and 62 min (exocytotic vesicles). TSH given to thyroxine-treated rats 20 min or 1.5 h before fixation reduced the half-lives of labeled, exportable protein in ER-Golgi to 25 to 33 min and in exocytotic vesicles to 9 min. The findings indicate that TSH regulates the rate of intracellular protein transport in rat thyroid follicle cells at the exocytotic step as well as at an earlier step in the pathway of intracellular protein transport. The mechanism and exact location of the latter TSH regulated step is at present unknown. PMID- 6519066 TI - Filipin as a cholesterol probe. I. Morphology of filipin-cholesterol interaction in lipid model systems. AB - We report some novel morphological observations on the interaction of the polyene antibiotic filipin (crude complex) with cholesterol, studied in non-cellular systems with replication, freeze-fracture, and negative stain techniques. Cholesterol crystals, lecithin liposomes containing 0 to 20 mole% of cholesterol, and liposomes containing 10 mole% of cholesterol and 5 to 40 mole% of sphingomyelin were incubated for varying lengths of time with filipin at different cholesterol: filipin molar ratios. The resulting filipin-induced lesions (FIL) were pleomorphic in all systems studied. In replicas of crystals, FIL appeared as ridges which were either straight, or curved into C- and S-shaped figures or closed circles. Negatively stained preparations showed FIL as white lines of the same configurations and in addition revealed a delicate veil attached to individual FIL. FIL, fused by their veils into clusters or large sheets ("holey sheets"), were shed from crystals. Incubation of liposomes for 1 h at cholesterol:filipin molar ratios of 4:1, 2:1, 1:1, and 1:5, demonstrated that cholesterol detection (i.e. formation of FIL) depend upon the ratio of cholesterol to filipin. At a 1:1 molar ratio FIL formed on liposomes containing 10 mole% cholesterol or more, but detectability increased to 5 mole% at the 1:5 ratio. Increasing the molar ratio of cholesterol:filipin to 2:1 and 4:1 decreased cholesterol detectability to between 10 and 20 mole%. Increasing concentrations of sphingomyelin decreased cholesterol detectability at the 1:1 cholesterol:filipin ratio; further, FIL in sphingomyelin-containing liposomes tended towards larger diameters. Filipin induced aggregation of liposomes and linked them together by holey sheets, providing evidence for filipin-induced extraction of cholesterol from liposomes. Taken together our morphological observations on filipin-cholesterol interaction in non-cellular systems raise pertinent questions as to the feasibility of filipin as a cholesterol probe in cellular systems. PMID- 6519067 TI - Filipin as a cholesterol probe. II. Filipin-cholesterol interaction in red blood cell membranes. AB - Filipin, a mixture of polyene antibiotics which form complexes with cholesterol, perturbs membrane lipid organization, and causes hemolysis of erythrocytes, is increasingly used as a cytochemical probe for the distribution of cholesterol in cell membranes. We used light (phase-contrast, dark-field and fluorescence) and electron microscopical techniques (whole-mount shadowing, negative staining, and freeze-fracture) to study the interaction of filipin with unfixed and glutaraldehyde-fixed human red blood cell (RBC) membranes. Lysis time and extent depended upon the cholesterol:filipin (C:F) ratio. Lysis was prevented by osmotic protection with high MW dextran. Filipin treated cells fluoresced, but variation in fluorescence intensity among unfixed as well as among fixed cells was evident both at low and high C:F ratios. Negatively stained preparations of unfixed cells lysed on grids or in suspension revealed ring- or C-shaped filipin-induced lesions (FIL) equipped with a veil-like appendage; single FIL, and FIL fused by their veils into aggregates, were shed from membranes. FIL at the surface proper of shadowed whole-mounts and of freeze-etched preparations of prefixed cells appeared as single, dispersed or aggregated cylinders protruding to variable heights above the membrane's plane; aggregated FIL were shed from cells. The freeze-fracture appearance of FIL differed in membranes fixed before or after filipin treatment. E- and P-faces of post-fixed membranes exhibited cylindrical protrusions and depressions, respectively; in essence, the reverse was found in pre-fixed RBC. Both pre- and post-fixed membranes showed considerable variation in the number of FIL on individual cells whether incubated at high (1:1) or low (1:5) C:F ratios, or for a short (10 min) or a long (80-180 min) time. Aggregation and shedding of FIL was evident in all preparations. Thin layer chromatography of the incubation fluid after sedimentation of cells showed that membrane cholesterol was shed from incubated cells. The presented data question the feasibility of filipin as a probe for the topographical distribution of cholesterol in cell membranes. PMID- 6519068 TI - Shadowing of elongated helical molecules (myosin, tropomyosin, collagen, and DNA) yields regular molecule-dependent heavy metal grain patterns. AB - Myosin and other alpha-helical molecules (tropomyosin, collagen) can now directly be adsorbed on EM support films, washed, air-dried, or frozen and freeze-dried. Using this method, the molecules were rotary or unidirectionally shadowed with different heavy metals (Pt/C, Ta/W, Ag) or with C alone. After shadowing at low elevation angles with Ta/W or Ag, myosin, tropomyosin, collagen, and DNA showed strikingly regular patterns of either single or coalesced heavy metal grains (bands) along their entire lengths. Even after shadowing with C alone, repetitive, granular accumulations or bands of C were found along the molecules. The different heavy metals and C displayed distinctive banding patterns on the molecules examined, all of which are characterized by different surface charge periodicities and pitch values. The patterns were quantified on the basis of the distances between grains or bands. Two most frequently measured distances between bands were found after shadowing with heavy metals. After shadowing with Ag the prevalent distances between grains were about twice as large as those after Ta/W shadowing. By evaporating a thin layer of carbon on the molecules before shadowing with heavy metals or by evaporating C alone (with no heavy metal) at 6 degrees, one of these two most prevalent distances between bands was attenuated or disappeared. It was demonstrated that the remaining most frequently measured distances between grains seemed to be related to relief periodicities, to the pitch of the double-coiled (myosin, tropomyosin) and triple-coiled alpha-helices (collagen) and fractions thereof. The attenuated distances between grains agreed very well with distances of periodic surface charges on the molecules examined. The investigation of the grain or band patterns showed that their characteristics appearance was molecule-dependent and caused both by periodic chemical (repeats of positive and negative surface charges) and periodic structural features (coiling of the helical strands). The examination confirmed the existence of periodic positive and negative surface charges along the myosin rod and suggested a value of about 17.0 nm for the hitherto undetermined pitch of the double-coiled myosin rod. PMID- 6519069 TI - Nuclear asynchrony in multinucleate rat kangaroo cells. AB - Multinucleate (MN) cells were induced in PtK1 cells by colcemid treatment. A large percentage of cells developed nuclear asynchrony both in relation to DNA synthesis and mitosis within one cell cycle. Asynchrony could be traced even in metaphase and anaphase cells in which interphase nuclei, PCC of S-phase nuclei and less condensed prophase-like chromosomes could be observed along with normally condensed chromosomes. The occurrence of such abnormalities in these large MN cells may be explained on the basis of an uneven distribution of inducer molecules of DNA synthesis and mitosis due to cytoplasmic compartmentation. The less condensed form of all the chromosomes except chromosome 4 could be traced in asynchronous metaphase. The failure of the less condensed chromosomes to undergo complete condensation does not always appear to result from late entry of nuclei containing these chromosomes into G2 phase. It is likely that chromosome 4 carries gene(s) for chromosome condensation, as this chromosome itself never appears in a less condensed form. The inducers for chromosome condensation may not always be available at equal concentrations to all chromosomes located in separate nuclei, thus they may sometimes fail to undergo complete condensation before other nuclei reach the end of prophase, when the nuclear envelopes of all nuclei present in the cell break down simultaneously. PMID- 6519071 TI - New aspects of bacterial endocarditis. PMID- 6519070 TI - Gap junctions and rhombic particle arrays in the freeze-fractured mouse oocyte follicle cell complex. AB - Intact follicles as well as defolliculated oocytes of the mouse were studied by freeze-fracture electron microscopy. In intact follicles the oocyte plasma membrane shows two prominent types of intra-membrane particle array:gap junctions and yet undescribed rhombic particle arrays. The gap junctions vary in size (from 5 to 500 IMPs) and shape. Occasionally they are organized in so-called formation plaques. The rhombic particle arrays consist of 25 IMPs on an average, the IMP diameter is 10.5 nm, the mean IMP distance is 19.8 nm and the acute angle in the array is 81.3 degrees. After defolliculation the gap junctions disassemble and change transiently into linear IMP arrays. The rhombic particle arrays persist indicating that they are of a non-junctional nature. The possible function of the rhombic particle arrays is discussed in relation to similar membrane specializations in excitable cells. PMID- 6519072 TI - Bacterial endocarditis. PMID- 6519073 TI - Bacterial endocarditis presenting as acute vertebral osteomyelitis: 14 cases. AB - Association between bacterial endocarditis (BE) and vertebral osteomyelitis (VO) has infrequently been noted. In a retrospective analysis of BE (280 cases) and VO (150 cases) 14 cases were found to have this association. There were 12 males and 2 females, ages ranging from 39 to 72 years, mean age 56.6. Blood cultures were positive for Streptococcus viridans (6 cases). Str. faecalis (4 cases), staphylococcus (2 cases), Gram negative bacteria (1 case). Organism was not isolated in one case. Fever and severe back pain antedate the diagnosis of VO 3.5 and 2.5 months. X rays films of the spine and bone scans (4 cases) revealed lumbar (6 cases) or cervical (4 cases), or dorsal (3 cases) or combined cervical and dorsal (1 case) locations. History of murmur (4 cases) and development of mitral (8 cases) or aortic (4 cases) or combined mitral and aortic (2 cases) insufficiencies were consistent with concomitant BE. Echocardiogram revealed vegetations in 6 out of 9 cases. Patients received antibiotic therapy for 3.5 months. Ten patients were cured with antibiotics only, 4 required valve replacement. One died. Thus age, sex, history of heart disease, valvular involvement, duration of symptoms prior to admission and bacteriological pictures are the same in BE with VO as in BE without VO. Survival rates are also the same if early recognition of BE and VO with prompt and prolonged antibiotic therapy may prevent severe haemodynamic or vertebral problems. PMID- 6519074 TI - Long-term follow-up of native valve infective endocarditis. AB - Seventy-eight consecutive episodes of infective endocarditis on native valves have been prospectively treated and followed-up after discharge from 1975 to 1982 (mean follow-up period 31 months). Twenty one patients needed valvular replacement in the active phase of the disease. Overall mortality was 15 cases, 7 from the medical group and 8 from the surgical group. At last clinical control 21 from the 46 survivors of the medical group remained asymptomatic, 17 had needed valvular replacement, 5 had died 2 of congestive heart failure and 3 (addicts) were lost to follow-up. From the 13 survivors of the surgical group 8 remained asymptomatic with good prosthetic function, 4 had needed reoperation due to severe periprosthetic leak and 1 died suddenly during follow-up. Figures at the end of follow-up showed that 28% of the initial patients had died, 39% carried a valvular prosthesis and 28% remained asymptomatic. A retrospective analysis of factors predictive of poor prognosis has been carried out. PMID- 6519075 TI - Prognosis of native valve infective endocarditis: a review of 253 cases. AB - Forty years after the first 'recoveries' obtained by antibiotherapy and twenty years after the first success of early valvular replacement, the mortality of infective endocarditis (IE) is still significant. The present study has been undertaken to clarify the factors which influence the prognosis of IE. PMID- 6519076 TI - Tricuspid infective endocarditis: 56 cases. AB - Fifty six cases of tricuspid infective endocarditis (TIE) were seen over a period of 15 years. The patients were divided into three groups, on the basis of the site of entry: (a) Thirty one TIE after abortion (6 cases) or in association with drug addiction (25 cases) are characterized by the young age of the patients and the organism (29 staphylococci), the existence of repeated pulmonary emboli and the relatively favourable prognosis (3 deaths). (b) Twelve TIE due to an intravenous infusion catheter (9 cases) or a visceral site of entry: older patients, resistant organisms (3 gram negative bacilli, 8 staphylococci, 5 of which were methicillin-resistant) and with poor prognosis (8 deaths). (c) Thirteen TIE where the site of entry was unidentified, running a sub-acute course, 7 due to streptococci, and often associated with involvement of the left side of the heart, which was the dominant prognostic feature (6 deaths). Mortality was 30%. Of predominant importance in prognosis was the sensitivity of the organism: 6 deaths out of 9 TIE due to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and 3 out of 31 TIE due to a sensitive staphylococcus (P less than 0.01). Seventeen underwent surgery. Tricuspidectomy (8 patients) should be reserved for cases of uncontrolled infection. Surgery is not justified by the persistence of pulmonary emboli. PMID- 6519077 TI - Prosthetic valve endocarditis: clinical findings and management. AB - Prosthetic valve endocarditis (PVE) was shown in 46 patients out of a group of 2163 carrying prosthetic heart valves. The cumulative rate of early PVE was 1.4% and 1.5% for PVE occurring between the 60th day and 10 years after surgery. In 37% of all cases this was caused by staphylococci, 20% by streptococci, and 13% Gram negative species. Fungi were found in 9% and mixed infections in 21%. The incidence of staphylococci, Gram negative pathogens and fungi was significantly higher in early PVE. In 5 patients, valve involvement consisted in echocardiographically shown vegetations and/or obstructive thromboendocarditis. In 90% of 37 patients who developed paravalvular leakages, there was high intravascular haemolysis uncharacteristic of the type of prosthesis implanted. In 70% fluoroscopy revealed disproportionate tilting of the prosthetic annulus, and in 75% there was a distinct echocardiographic pattern in the closing movement of the valve poppet. The cumulative survival rate after six months was 31% for the conservatively treated, and 66% for the medically plus surgically treated patients. Survival rates at the end of a maximum follow-up of 20 years was 15% with conservative treatment and 51% after primary surgical therapy. The prognosis was worse (P less than 0.01) in patients who, during aortic PVE, developed heart failure refractant to therapy due to haemodynamically significant prosthetic valve dysfunction, to sepsis that persisted for more than 72 h despite antibiotic therapy, to major septic embolism or to acute renal failure. The retrospective prognosis was more favourable for patients with early aortic (P less than 0.02) or mitral (P less than 0.05) valve re-replacement than for patients who had been treated medically only. PMID- 6519078 TI - Prosthetic valve endocarditis: diagnosis and prognosis. AB - From 1972 to 1982, 22 patients were admitted for prosthetic valve endocarditis on homografts (3), bioprostheses (2) or mechanical prostheses (17). Staphylococcus epidermidis was the most common aetiologic agent in early-onset endocarditis and streptococci in late-onset. Echo-cardiographic or cinefluoroscopic findings enhanced diagnosis mainly in advanced stages of the disease. Despite medical therapy and prompt reoperation in most cases, mortality remains high: 66%, 80% in the early group, 50% in the late group; the prognosis was definitely improved, however, by surgical treatment. PMID- 6519079 TI - Late prosthetic valve endocarditis. AB - A report is given of 13 patients with late prosthetic valve endocarditis (1975 1982). Follow-up ranged from 1 to 8 years (mean 33 months). Causative organisms were streptococci in 8 cases, staphylococci in 2, and Cardiobacterium hominis in 1. Cultures were negative in 2. Surgical treatment in the acute phase was performed in 3 patients. At the latest clinical control, 3 patients had died and 10 patients were asymptomatic, 3 of them having required late operation. These fair results are attributable to the particular spectrum of causative organisms and to the proper timing of surgical treatment in the 3 patients operated during the acute phase. PMID- 6519080 TI - Indices of effectiveness of medical and surgical treatment in 40 cases of prosthetic valve endocarditis. AB - Forty patients with prosthetic valve endocarditis (PVE) presenting during a 12 year period at a single hospital were studied. Twenty-six were male and 14 female and ages ranged from 19 to 67 years. During the first six post-operative months, most episodes were caused by staphylococci (38%) and Gram negative bacilli (24%). Between 6 and 11 months no episodes were seen, but thereafter streptococci predominated (50%). The overall mortality was 58% (66% during first six months; 36% thereafter). Nine of 23 patients undergoing re-operation died, most deaths occurring in patients in cardiac failure prior to surgery. Eleven deaths occurred in the 17 patients treated with antibiotics alone. Six of these were pyrexial at death and all but one was infected by a virulent organism. The remaining five were apyrexial at death and all had staphylococcal PVE. Our findings suggest: (1) all cases occurring during the first six months should be initially treated as 'early' PVE; (2) in staphylococcal PVE, apyrexia may not mean cure; (3) the principal guides to prognosis in PVE are the patient's cardiac status and the nature of the infecting organism. PMID- 6519081 TI - Late prosthetic valve endocarditis. Bacteriological findings and prognosis in 29 cases. AB - Of 296 incidences of infectious endocarditis seen between 1971 and 1980, 29 cases of late prosthetic valve endocarditis (10%) occurred in 26 patients who had undergone valve replacement more than two months previously. The prosthesis was mitral in 8 cases, aortic in 9 cases, and multiple in 12 cases. The clinical picture consistently associated fever together with a regurgitation murmur in 12 cases (41%), a splenomegaly in 7 cases, a neurologic accident in 13 cases and other signs of endocarditis in 10 cases. Blood cultures were positive in 28 cases. The diagnosis was confirmed anatomically in 11 cases. Thirty-one causative agents were identified: 15 streptococci (48%), most of them were group D (11/15), 11 staphylococci (35%) 6 Staphylococcus aureus, 5 Staphylococcus coagulase negative and 5 other species. Two relapses and 3 recurrent infections were noted. The death rate was 58% with some factors being associated with a higher death rate: non-streptococcal micro-organism (87%) regurgitation murmur (83%) cardiac failure with dysfunction of the prosthesis (89%) neurologic complication (91%). Eight valve replacements were performed within a mean period of 32 days after the onset of the antibiotherapy with a death rate of 75%. It decreased to 50% for patients treated with antibiotic alone, and as low as 23% for Streptococcal endocarditis. These results suggest that earlier and more frequent indications for cardiac valve replacement could be an alternative to improve the prognosis. PMID- 6519082 TI - The antibiotic prophylaxis of infective endocarditis. PMID- 6519083 TI - Bacteriological assistance for optimal antibiotic therapy of endocarditis. AB - The specific anatomical changes of the infected valvular tissue demand the best bactericidal antibiotic therapy of endocarditis. However, quantitative antibiotic sensitivity testing and determination of the bactericidal effectiveness is not sufficiently routinely practised. It is presented how appropriate bacteriological assistance to achieve the optimum antibiotic therapy for endocarditis leads to favourable clinical results. Establishment of reference laboratories for quantitative antibiotic sensitivity testing in every case of endocarditis is proposed. Active cooperation between these centres would provide excellent data for method and result comparison. PMID- 6519084 TI - Immunology of infective endocarditis. PMID- 6519085 TI - Viridans streptococci in infective endocarditis: species distribution and susceptibility to antibiotics. AB - A method for the speciation of viridans streptococci (non-groupable) is described. The major identification criteria are based on the reactions to a series of biochemical tests, including acid production in lactose, inulin, raffinose, mannitol and sorbitol, hydrolysis of arginine, esculin and Na hippurate, and production of polysaccharides in 5% sucrose media. A total of 450 strains was isolated from blood cultures, 183 of which were from confirmed cases of subacute endocarditis. The latter were identified as follows (%): Streptococcus sanguis I (25.7), S. mitis (19.7), S. sanguis II (19.7), S. mutans (17.5), S. milleri (12), S. morbillorium (3.2) and S. salivarius (2.2). Susceptibility to antibiotics was studied for 129 of these strains: 68% were susceptible to all drugs tested, 20% were resistant only to tetracycline, 4% only to penicillin (MIC = 0.5-4 micrograms ml-1) and 8% were multiply resistant (tetracycline, macrolides and related drugs, chloramphenicol, penicillin, high level resistance to kanamycin and/or streptomycin [MIC = 1000-80.00 micrograms ml 1]. PMID- 6519086 TI - New bacteriological aspects of infective endocarditis. PMID- 6519087 TI - The role of echocardiography in suspected bacterial endocarditis. AB - We evaluated the clinical application of echocardiography (M and 2D modes) in the assessment of cardiac patients with fever and an underlying valvular abnormality in whom the diagnosis of infective endocarditis was suspected. One or more of the classic clinical features of the disease were present in 50 patients (group A). Vegetations were detected by echocardiography in 17 (47%) out of the 36 patients within this group A who had positive blood cultures. Four (28.5%) of the remaining 14 patients with unequivocal endocarditis clinically and negative blood cultures had demonstrable vegetations on ultrasound. Anatomical complications resulting from the septic process (valve destruction or detachment, aortic root abscess) were visualized in 18 (36%) of the 50 patients in group A. The clinical features of endocarditis were lacking in the other 53 patients with fever and murmur (group B). This group included 12 patients with other sources of bacteraemia besides endocarditis. Unsuspected vegetations were detected only in 2 (3.7%) out of the 53 cases. Thus echocardiography is useful in confirming the clinical diagnosis of infective endocarditis, but only rarely detects vegetations in patients who lack the characteristic clinical features of endocarditis, regardless of whether they have positive negative blood cultures. PMID- 6519088 TI - Two-dimensional echocardiographic recognition of aortic valve ring abscess. AB - 2D-echocardiography was performed in 42 consecutive patients with suspected aortic endocarditis who subsequently underwent surgery. On surgery, 12 patients had perivalvular aortic abscesses: in the posterior part of the ring (7) with extension to the aorto-mitral fibrous trigone or pseudo-aneurysm of the aortic wall; in the anterior part of the ring (3), with extension toward the interventricular septum; or with near complete aorto-left ventricular disruption (2). Perivalvular abscess was seen on 2D-echo in 8 patients: echo-free cavity located in the aortic ring, beyond the sigmoid valvulae and sometimes containing necrotic material. In 4 patients, the abscess was not diagnosed on 2D-echo; 2 had small, localized abscesses but the remaining 2 had large abscesses developed around previously implanted mechanical prostheses, which considerably impeded echographic examination. One additional patient with acute aortic regurgitation and fever had an image of posterior abscess, but on surgery, the posterior wall of the aorta appeared inflammatory and oedematous without perivalvular abscess. Accurate topographic diagnosis was made in 6 of the 8 patients, while in 2 the abscess was located more to the left than considered on 2D-echo. Generally, 2D echo tended to underestimate the importance and extension of the lesions. It is concluded that 2D-echo is helpful to diagnose perivalvular aortic infection. PMID- 6519089 TI - Correlation of echocardiographic and surgical findings in acute bacterial endocarditis. AB - From January 1979 to April 1983, 72 patients (pts) with bacterial endocarditis were treated. During their first stay in hospital 36 of them (age range: 23-67 years) underwent cardiac surgery because of severe congestive heart failure, unsuccessful antibiotic treatment of the infection and/or embolic events. In all these cases cardiac surgery was performed without preoperative catheterization. Surgery was recommended on the basis of clinical as well as M-mode and 2D echocardiographic findings. In 32 of the 36 pts the echocardiographic study completely predicted the surgical findings (23x the aortic valve, 1x the mitral valve, 1x the tricuspid valve, 5x the mitral and aortic valve, 1x the aortic valve and a VSD and 1x the triscuspid valve and a VSD were involved). The preoperative echocardiographic diagnosis was incomplete in 4 of the 36 pts. One aortic aneurysm, one aortic root abscess and 2x vegetations on the mitral valve were not detected by echocardiography. Surgery was recommended in these 4 pts because of additional aortic valve endocarditis proven by echocardiography. We conclude that combined M-mode and 2D echocardiography allows the accurate prediction of morphological alterations of the heart in the setting of acute bacterial endocarditis. Thus cardiac surgery can be recommended in pts with acute bacterial endocarditis without preoperative heart catheterization and coronary angiography. PMID- 6519090 TI - Pneumococcal endocarditis. AB - Among 369 patients with native valve infective endocarditis observed during a 14 year period, 17 were related to S: pneumoniae. Fourteen of them were observed in the last 7 years. At the time of admission 13 exhibited purulent meningitis, 6 of them being comatose. An apparent portal of entry was present in 13 patients including Pneumonia (n = 11) and otitis media (n = 2). Major alcoholism was present in 6 cases. The mean delay between the onset of fever and the discovery of the cardiac murmur was 15 days (range 1 to 60). Twelve patients exhibited congestive heart failure with acute pulmonary oedema in 9. The aortic valve was involved in 12 and the mitral valve in 7 (in 2 patients both mitral and aortic valves were involved). Myocardial and/or annular abscesses were found in 7 patients. Nine patients underwent surgical procedure (3 died) whereas 6 comatose patients were not operated on and died. The overall mortality was 59%. Although antibiotics are effective, the severity of anatomical lesions leads to prompt surgical treatment. The high mortality is mainly due to purulent meningitis. PMID- 6519091 TI - Mitral valve prolapse and infective endocarditis. AB - In a review of 350 consecutive patients with infective endocarditis (IE) 14 patients were found to have mitral valve prolapse (MVP) and mitral IE between 1970 and 1982 in our institution. We first describe the clinical features, laboratory findings and follow up of this group; then we compare it with the data obtained in patients with IE with other types of mitral regurgitation (MR). All patients with MVP had a murmur or a click with a murmur before the acute episode of IE, the most frequent consecutive organism was Streptococcus (nine cases) and the response to antimicrobial therapy was good; only one patient died and three others needed a mitral valve replacement from one month to 12 years later. The comparison with other types of mitral regurgitation with IE was done by sex, age, duration of symptoms before IE diagnosis, frequency of atrial fibrillation, number of congestive heart failures, heart volume on chest X-ray, number of echographic vegetations and echographic left ventricle size, and number of mitral valve replacements and deaths. None of these items differed significantly, but the duration of symptoms before diagnosis was shorter in the group of patients with MVP. PMID- 6519092 TI - Surgery in infective endocarditis. AB - Three hundred and seventy eight patients with infectious endocarditis (IE) were studied, including 299 cases of native IE [154 subacute (SIE), 145 acute (AIE)] and 79 cases of prosthetic endocarditis (PIE). One hundred and fifty patients were operated on (40%): 117 for haemodynamic complications, 10 for bacteriological indications and 23 for mixed indications (112 patients in the acute phase). Complications were more frequent in AIE than in SIE, in PIE than in native IE. Surgery is more urgent in aortic insufficiency and in Oslerian mitral stenosis (7 cases) than in mitral insufficiency. Eight tricuspid valvulectomies were performed. In 5 cases out of 11 rupture syndrome was cured without surgery. The patient's clinical condition contra-indicated surgery in 63 cases. The surgical mortality was 51/150 (34%). It was significantly lower in SIE (21%) than in AIE (39%), in native IE than in PIE (53%), after antibiotic therapy than in the acute phase. Mortality was not higher when surgery was performed before the 8th day of antibiotherapy but perivalvular leaks were more common (31% vs 4%, P less than 0.01). Mortality was higher when the culture of valve was positive than when it was negative (45% vs 26%, P less than 0.06). However, surgery should be immediately considered in cases of haemodynamic complications. PMID- 6519093 TI - Is renal involvement a prognostic parameter in patients with infective endocarditis? AB - Renal involvement (RI)--defined as proteinuria greater than 150 mg per 24 h with haematuria or impaired glomerular filtration rate--was studied in 80 patients with infective endocarditis (IE). Proteinuria was measured quantitatively and further differentiated by the SDS-polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis. RI was found in 40 patients (50%) with proteinuria from 150 to 8000 mg per 24 h. SDS PAGE revealed a tubular protein pattern in 17 patients, a glomerular pattern in 6 and a glomerulo-tubular pattern in 17. Mortality rate was significantly higher in patients with RI (40%) than in those without (7.5%), and was not related to the type of infected valve, infective organisms, method of treatment (surgical or medical) or embolic events. Following successful treatment of IE, 18 out of 23 patients showed complete normalization of renal function. Renal involvement in patients with IE may be of prognostic significance--indicating an impaired prognosis. PMID- 6519094 TI - Neurologic complications in a group of 86 bacterial endocarditis. AB - Criteria defined by von Reyn were applied to 86 cases of bacterial endocarditis. Neurologic complications (NC) were categorized according to Pruitt definitions. Neurologic accidents were observed in 48 cases. They were the first clinical manifestation in 20 patients. Neurologic events were of poor prognosis in BE, mortality increasing from 26% in patients without NC to 83% in patients with NC (P less than 0.01). Two factors affect the incidence of NC: first, the location of endocarditis with 76% of NC in mitral valve endocarditis compared with 37% in other cases (P less than 0.005); and second the infecting organism: 71% of NC in staphylococcus aureus endocarditis versus 45% in endocarditis with other bacteria (P less than 0.02). Cerebral embolism was the most common NC (25 cases) related to an occlusion of the middle cerebral artery in 21 cases with a fatal outcome in 19 patients. Other NC included 15 intracranial hemorrhages with the evidence of an aneurysm in 4 cases, 6 septic meningitis, 2 macroscopic abscesses, and 2 multiple microscopic abscesses. This study emphasizes the high rate and severity of NC in staphylococcal mitral endocarditis despite antibiotic therapy and supports early surgery in this group of bacterial endocarditis. PMID- 6519095 TI - Platelet deposition on and calcification of bovine pericardial valve. AB - Platelet deposition on bovine pericardial mitral valves was quantified in healthy adult mongrel dogs at 1, 14 and 30 days post-implantation and 24 h after i.v. injection of 400-500 microCi of autologous 111In-platelets. In vitro quantitation of platelet deposition on components of the prosthesis indicated maximal activity at one day with a successive decrease in activity at 14 and 30 days. At one day, platelet-associated radioactivity on the sewing ring was 3-4 times as great as on the leaflets, but at 14 and 30 days this had dropped to approximately half of the value on the leaflets. Calves underwent mitral valve replacement with a bovine pericardial valve. Thirty days post-operatively, 111Indium labeled labeled platelets were administered i.v.; 24 h later, calves were sacrificed and sections of each valve leaflet were analyzed for platelet and calcium deposition. Platelet deposition per mm2 of surface was greatest at the free edge of the leaflet, followed by the central zone and flexion point. Calves treated with sodium hydroxyethylene diphosphonate (5 mg kg-1 day-1 s.c.) had reduced platelet deposition but no reduced calcium content on the valves after 30 days compared with untreated calves. In flow chamber studies, platelet deposition from the heparinized blood of normal calves was significantly less on the smooth (inner) than on the rough (outer) surface of fixed bovine pericardium. PMID- 6519096 TI - Durability of the pericardial valve. AB - The fate of 1001 pericardial xenograft valves was analysed during a maximum follow-up period of 13 years. Two basic types of pericardial valves have been implanted. Between 1971 and 1975, 213 patients received 'hospital made' valves (single replacement). Between 1976 and 1983, 601 patients received 788 pericardial valves manufactured by Shiley Inc. (474 Standard and 314 Low profile valves) for both single and multiple replacement. There were 27 instances of valve dysfunction between 13 and 92 months after operation, 20 with 'hospital made' and 7 with Shiley valves. The actuarial freedom from valve failure at 8 years is 94.0 +/- 4.6% for aortic and 98.8 +/- 1.2% for mitral replacement in patients with Shiley valves. In patients with 'hospital made' valves the actuarial freedom from valve failure at 12 years of follow-up is 86.7 +/- 7.6% for aortic and 84.7 +/- 14.1% for mitral replacement. The linearised rate of valve dysfunction was 0.31% per annum for Shiley valves and 1.27% per annum for 'hospital made' valves. This analysis demonstrates that the pericardial xenograft has a low risk of valve failure and a predictable behaviour over a period of 13 years. The Shiley made valves have shown improved durability when compared with the 'hospital made' valves. PMID- 6519097 TI - Embolism, thrombosis and anticoagulant haemorrhage in mitral valve disease. A prospective study of patients having valve replacement with the pericardial xenograft. AB - The incidence of systemic embolism has been assessed in 461 patients having mitral valve replacement with the pericardial xenograft. No patient received long term anticoagulant therapy. The bulk of the patients received six weeks' postoperative treatment with warfarin (322 patients) or dipyridamole (71 patients). No case of valve thrombosis has been encountered. Embolism was recognised in 9 patients of whom 7 had chronic atrial arrhythmias. No patient has died from the effects of embolism and only 2 patients have any residual clinical deficit. The majority of the episodes occurred within the first 6 postoperative weeks. The linearised rate of embolism is 0.55% per annum and is very similar to the rates reported after closed mitral valvotomy, open mitral commissurotomy and mitral valve repair. This rate of embolism is significantly lower than that reported after mitral valve replacement with porcine heterografts (2.9-5.3% per annum) even in patients having long-term anticoagulation where there is an additional haemorrhagic risk associated with the anticoagulant treatment. PMID- 6519098 TI - Systemic thromboembolic accidents in the early post-operative period in patients with prosthetic valves. AB - Since 1975, of 2328 patients with prosthetic valves, 61 presented one or many systemic thromboembolic accidents (TEA) between the 12th and the 60th day of the post-operative period: 54 cases involved the brain and 14 involved other areas. Although the embolic accident was clinically detectable, EEG and scanner helped in detecting multiple emboli. Clinical history enables us to select high-risk cases: arrhythmias (47 cases), previous TEA (20), prosthetic dysfunction (4). However, several patients have no specific history. Mitral valves present the highest risk. The preventive value of anticoagulant therapy is unquestionable but it does not always prevent TEA, even the recurring type. One can meet all degrees, from the self-resolutive minor TEA up to massive cerebral emboli with severe sequelae. Warning signs include fever, high fibrinogen and HBDH levels. When TEA occurs in the hospital, early detection favours fibrinolytic treatment if there are no contra-indications. Whenever surgery was imminent, we used urokinase (29 cases). Despite better surgical techniques, efficient prostheses and anticoagulant treatment, TEA remain all too frequent as we do not have ideal methods for biological detection and effective prevention. PMID- 6519099 TI - Recurrent systemic embolic events with valve prosthesis. AB - Among 1436 patients who underwent valve replacement, the 400 first cases were studied to assess the features of recurrent systemic embolic event. The mean follow-up was 87 months. Three groups of patients were compared: groups A-289 patients without any thromboembolic event (72.25%); group B-78 patients with only one embolic event (19.5%); group C-33 patients with several embolic events (8.25%). The frequency of recurrence was high: one patient out of three (linearized mean 8.9% in group C considering only one recurrence, vs 3.8% in group B). The recurrence have the same location in 45% of patients. The consequences of these embolisms are serious; each event has a 30 to 40% risk of death or major disability. Four variables seem statistically to promote the occurrence of embolic events: mitral prostheses, pre-operative fibrillation, left atrial enlargement, poor anticoagulant therapy. 54 months after the first embolic event, 60% of the patients with poor anticoagulant therapy experience a recurrent thromboembolism vs 20% with adequate therapy. Twenty-six patients of groups B and C had a pathological study of prostheses. Thrombosis of the prostheses was found in 12 out of 18 patients in group B and in 7 out of 8 patients; in group C. Strict observance of anticoagulant therapy is the better way to prevent thromboembolism and especially recurrences. A reoperation is sometimes necessary. Valve re-replacement was performed in 27 cases out of 1436 patients. PMID- 6519100 TI - Surgery of prosthetic valve thrombosis. AB - From January 1978 to August 1983, 41 prosthetic valve thromboses in 34 patients were operated upon in our service. They comprised 15 aortic, 25 mitral and one tricuspid valve thromboses. Seven patients had massive thrombus with dysfunction of the prosthesis; others had small and disseminated thrombi on their prosthesis (34 patients). In the aortic position, valve thrombosis occurred on 10 ball valves and 5 pivoting disc valves. In the mitral position, they occurred on 17 ball valves, 7 pivoting disc valves and one bioprosthesis. In 2 cases, aortic valve thrombectomy was successfully done. Others had valve replacement. Hospital mortality was high: 13 deaths. Survivors are free of recurrent valve thrombosis. One had a minor peripheral embolus. Prosthetic valve thrombosis is a serious condition. There are special problems related to diagnosis and treatment of these patients which we discuss, according to our experience of more than 4000 valvular replacements. PMID- 6519101 TI - Thromboembolic and haemorrhagic risk in mechanical and biological aortic prostheses. AB - Thromboembolism, valve thrombosis and haemorrhagic events have been compared in 356 Starr-Edwards (SE) 1260, 113 Bjork-Shiley (BS), and 178 aortic bioprostheses operated upon between 1968 and 1982, and reviewed by the same group with less than 2% of patients lost of follow-up. Expressed in actuarial rate at 7 years the percentage of patients free of thromboembolism event is 87% for SE, 86% for BS, 94% for bioprostheses; the linearized rate is 2.9%/patient/year for SE, 2.2 for BS, 1.9 for bioprostheses (NS). Valve thrombosis was not observed in bioprostheses; 97.9% of patients with mechanical valves were free of valve thrombosis at 6.5 years. Haemorrhagic risk was lower with bioprostheses than with mechanical valves 0.2% patient/year vs 2.33 (P less than 0.005). The most important factor influencing thromboembolic and haemorrhagic risks is the quality of anticoagulant therapy. Other contributing factors are the date of the operation and associated mitral disease. PMID- 6519102 TI - Mitral valve replacement with St Jude Medical prosthesis. Incidence of thromboembolic events in 349 patients. AB - This study reports incidence of thromboembolic episodes in a series of 349 patients where the St. Jude Medical (SJM) valve was implanted in the mitral position (252 isolated mitral, 91 mitral and aortic, 4 triple valve and 2 mitral and tricuspid valve replacements). The mean follow up was 28 months (range 6 to 57 months) which represents 784 patient-years. Overall operative mortality was 15 patients (4.3%). There were no valve-related deaths. Late post-operative prosthetic thrombosis occurred in 3 poorly anticoagulated patients (0.4% patient years). A further 4 patients had a thromboembolic episode (0.5% patient-years). The overall frequency of thromboembolic episodes was 0.9 events per 100 patient years. Per- and post-operative anticoagulation methods are described. The frequency of thromboembolism was studied with respect to the performance of SJM valve analyzed by echocardiography regardless the positioning of the prosthesis in the mitral ring. Our experience indicates that the SJM valve offers an excellent alternative in the choice of mechanical valve. PMID- 6519103 TI - Factors influencing thromboembolic complications in Omniscience cardiac valve patients. AB - Clinical data were gathered over five years (650 patient-years) for all 155 aortic valve replacement, 125 mitral valve replacement and 46 double valve replacement patients implanted with the Omniscience cardiac valve prosthesis at three North American medical cent es. Mean age was 56 +/- 12 years, 80% were preoperatively in NYHA class III or IV, and 57% had previous or concomitant cardiac surgery. Data were evaluated for the incidence of thromboembolic complications. During the late postoperative period, transient ischaemic episodes occurred in six patients (0.92% per patient-year). The five-year actuarial thrombus-free rate for serious thromboembolic complications (valve thrombosis or thromboembolism with residual effects) for aortic valve replacement patients is 96% and 95% for mitral valve replacement patients. For patients experiencing any transient or serious thromboembolic complication, 35% had a compromise of coumadin anticoagulation shortly before the thromboembolic event, 60% had a history of atrial fibrillation, and 76% a history of rheumatic heart disease. Statistically, these rates are significantly higher compared with the original valve population. The low incidence of thromboembolic complications over this five-year clinical study demonstrates a commendable degree of safety and performance for the Omniscience valve. PMID- 6519104 TI - Thrombotic and embolic complications with silastic ball prosthetic valves. AB - Eighteen years of continuous clinical use with the Starr-Edwards ball-valve prosthesis provides an extensive data base for comparison with more recently introduced cardiac prostheses, and establishes the credentials of this valve for current clinical use. Since 1965, 558 aortic (model 1260) and 285 mitral (model 6120) ball-valve prostheses have been inserted at the University of Oregon. Thromboembolic rates for the entire series (1965-1983) and our more recent experience (1973-1983) were 3.8% per year and 2.8% per year for the aortic valve; and 5.1% per year and 2.6% per year for the mitral valve. Patients who had experienced one embolic episode were substantially more likely to experience a subsequent event. Thrombotic stenosis was seen at rates of 0.1% per patient year and 0.4% per patient year for the aortic and mitral valves, respectively. These results are compared with other current series using a variety of mechanical and tissue prostheses. The Starr-Edwards valve remains a durable mechanical cardiac prosthesis with thromboembolic complications similar to most other current prostheses. Thrombotic stenosis tends to be rare, gradual, and electively managed as opposed to the sudden, unpredictable, and catastrophic thrombosis seen with tilting disc valves. PMID- 6519105 TI - Long-term evaluation of bioprosthetic valves: 615 consecutive cases. AB - From January 1975 to September 1983, 615 patients underwent valve replacement using 698 bioprosthetic valves for selected indications. This group represents the third of all patients having valve replacement during the same period. Children younger than 15 years were excluded. The mean pre-operative functional class was 2.9. The early mortality rate was less than 5% and the follow-up range 3 months to 9 years (3.2 yrs). The symptomatic improvement was attested by a mean post-operative functional class of 1.4. In a linear study the following rates of valve related complications were noted: thromboembolism 4.6%, endocarditis 2.5%, primary tissue valve degeneration 1.1%, paraprosthetic leak 2.5%. In an actuarial study, at 8 years, 83% of patients were free from any valve failure. The probability rates of complications were the following: thromboembolic events 8%, endocarditis 5%, degeneration 3%, reoperation 7%. The probability of survival at 8 yrs was 69% and the probability rates of late mortality were noted as follow: cardiac related mortality 27%, valve-related mortality 4%. Despite an expected increasing rate of degeneration, the results warrant the use of bioprostheses in a selected group of patients. PMID- 6519106 TI - Thromboembolic risk and durability of the Hancock bioprosthetic cardiac valve. PMID- 6519107 TI - Experience with 813 aortic or mitral valve replacements with the Carpentier Edwards bioprosthesis: Five year results. AB - 813 patients underwent aortic (AVR) or mitral valve replacement using the Carpentier-Edwards bioprosthesis from 1976 to 1983. Operative mortality was 5.49% for AVR and 4.59% for MVR. Late mortality and complications were classified using criteria described by the Stanford Group. Actuarial survival at 5 years was 87.9% +/- 2.7% for AVR and 91.1% +/- 1.4% in MVR. Thromboembolism occurred at low rates of 0.48% pt yr for AVR and 0.90% pt yr for MVR. 98.2% +/- 0.90% of AVR and 96.9% +/- 1.3% of MVR pts were free from thromboembolism at 5 years. The low incidence of thromboembolism during the early postoperative period played a role in the low rates observed in the complete study. There was no valve thrombosis. Anticoagulation with warfarin was used in 35% AVR and 75% MVR with rates of bleeding complications of 1.20% pt yr and 1.10% pt yr. Overall valve failure rate was 2.04% pt yr at 5 years for AVR and 1.55% pt yr for MVR. Rates of reoperation for tissue failure remained low (0.24% pt yr for AVR and 0.32% pt yr for MVR). The advantage of a low rate of thromboembolism was not outweighed by the specific problems of bioprosthesis at 5 years. PMID- 6519108 TI - Thromboembolism with low profile bioprosthesis. AB - Low profile bioprosthesis late follow-up indicates a low incidence of thromboembolism. For the entire series of 415 consecutively operated patients (rigid and flexible stents) the actuarial probability of freedom at 6 years is 90.3% (87.8% for MVR and 92.27% for AVR and 95.24% for MVR + AVR). The linearized incidence for MVR, is 2.5 +/- 0.62 per one hundred patients per year. For AVR this is 1.2 +/- 0.49 per one hundred patients per year. The probability of freedom of thromboembolism of the new flexible stent series (247 patients) at 48 months is 90.92% for MVR, 96.6% for AVR and 100% for MVR + AVR. Endocarditis for the entire series of patients (rigid/flexible stents) at 6 years is low: the linearized incidence for both MVR and AVR is 0.54 per one hundred patients per year. Tissues degeneration, after 5 years follow-up, in patients over 35 years old carrying LPB mounted on flexible stents was not observed. In the series of MVR patients, 17/209 presented thromboembolic complications. In the group of 17 patients, 88% had atrial fibrillation before surgery and 47% of the same group were on warfarin anticoagulation therapy when the embolic accident occurred. The indications for permanent anticoagulation therapy following bioprosthetic MVR in patients with chronic atrial fibrillation is still uncertain. PMID- 6519109 TI - Effective dose equivalent from radiopharmaceuticals. AB - The concept of "effective dose equivalent", which was introduced by the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) for occupationally exposed workers, has also created the possibility of expressing by means of a single figure, the radiation risk to patients undergoing different medical radiodiagnostic procedures. In this study, we present the effective dose equivalent for various nuclear-medicine investigations. The figures given are primarily based on a review of data contained in the literature on the mean absorbed dose to various organs. In many cases, however, our own calculations, using biokinetic data derived from the literature, have been used. It was found that for the different radiopharmaceuticals, the effective dose equivalent per activity unit administered extends over an interval of five orders of magnitude, from 0.00015 to 20 mSv/MBq. For the technetium-labelled compounds, the absorbed dose for 90% of the substances lies within the narrower interval between 0.0060 and 0.025 mSv/MBq. With the aid of the figures presented, each nuclear medicine department will be able to estimate the effective dose equivalent and, hence, the risk to patients undergoing different investigations. PMID- 6519110 TI - Krypton-81m and 5-micron radioaerosol images in asymptomatic asthma: a blind marking assessment. AB - Gamma camera images recorded during tidal breathing of krypton-81m (81mKr) and after slow inhalation of 99mTc-labelled monodisperse 5-micron polystyrene particles were assessed by three independent observers. Results from 20 symptom free asthmatic subjects, all with a forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) at least equal to 75% of the predicted value, were compared with those from 16 healthy non-smoking volunteers. Blind marking scores for the 81mKr images of the asthmatic subjects related significantly to small airways function. Radioaerosol abnormalities in the asthmatic subjects included excessive deposition of the radioaerosol in the central airways and related significantly to small airways function. Radioaerosol imaging performed better than 81mKr imaging at differentiating asthmatic from normal subjects. Radioaerosol abnormalities in patients with poor small airways function probably reflect (1) uneven distribution of ventilation to different regions of the lung periphery and (2) changed patterns of airflow in the bronchial tree. Image abnormalities detected in routine clinical ventilation imaging - with 81mKr or radioaerosol - may sometimes be caused by small airways dysfunction even when the patient's FEV1 is normal. PMID- 6519111 TI - Possible sources of error in the calculation of ferrokinetic parameters using Ricketts' triexponential model. AB - The triexponential model developed by Ricketts et al. in 1975 for the calculation of ferrokinetic parameters has been widely used to obtain quantitative information about effective and ineffective erythropoiesis. However, a calculation error in one of the formulae of this method may have a considerable effect on those results which depend on the value of the third exponential constant, gamma 3. Moreover, the analysis of plasma 59Fe activity needs to be based on good counting statistics, which lambda-counting seldom provides after the first 24 h; therefore, 59Fe beta-counting is considered to be the best method. PMID- 6519112 TI - A critical comparison of the history of sudden-death infants and infants hospitalised for near-miss for SIDS. AB - To determine whether significant historical differences distinguish the near-miss for Sudden Infant Death from the infants who died of SIDS, we analysed the histories and clinical data from two groups of infants seen in our University Hospital and from collaborative research group. The data were obtained with the use of a standardised questionnaire and consultation of all available medical data. Sixty-five infants were identified as near-miss for SIDS after they had suffered a severe cardiorespiratory incident during sleep for which no cause could be found despite a complete medical examination. After an autopsy had failed to reveal a cause for the unexpected death 95 cases of SIDS were retained in the study. A series of 353 variables were collected from the parents, the gynaecologists, neonatologists and attending physicians. After statistical analysis, only 15 of the 353 items studied significantly differentiated between the two groups. A step-wise discriminant analysis performed on these items led to the identification of six independent variables: the time of the incident; the circumstances leading to the observation of the child; the child's sleep position; previous minor intestinal problems; the size of the family and the mother's coffee consumption. Most variables indicate that the near-miss infants were discovered and rescued earlier than the infants who died. No other historical information appeared significantly to differentiate between the two groups of infants. These data need confirmation from a prospective epidemiological survey. PMID- 6519113 TI - Infantile colic: occurrence and risk factors. AB - The purpose of this work was to study the appearance of infantile colic and gas discomfort and to learn whether these problems are associated with factors in the child's social environment, allergic symptoms, or feeding. The study was made retrospectively by means of a questionnaire which was sent to mothers of every tenth child aged 14 to 38 months in Turku, Finland. Forty percent of the children, as many boys as girls, had colic or gas problems in early infancy, so severe in 20% that drug therapy was used. First born children in the family more often had colic and gas problems than did subsequent children. Siblings of colicky children had colic and gas problems more often than did siblings of the children who had no colic or gas problems. Neither family history or symptoms of allergy, duration of breast-feeding, mother's consumption of plain cow's milk during lactation, nor the age of introduction of cow's milk to the child were associated with the occurrence of colic. Children with colic grew as well as children without. However, their night sleep was more often disturbed by awakenings than the night sleep of children without colic or gas problems in early infancy. PMID- 6519114 TI - Avascular necrosis of bone in neuroblastoma treated with combination chemotherapy. AB - We treated two children with neuroblastoma and during the course of chemotherapy, avascular necrosis of the femoral head occurred. The main pathogenetic factor of this necrosis may be the toxic effect of cyclophosphamide. PMID- 6519115 TI - Parental contact in the neonatal special care unit. AB - Parental telephone calls and visits are analysed during the entire stay of the premature infant in the neonatal special care unit in Leuven, Belgium. It is concluded that the summation of parental visits and telephone calls is a better measure of parental contact than parental visits or parental telephone calls separately. This measure is significantly related to parental profession. It is not significantly related to the distance between the family home and the hospital, to the presence of a car or a telephone at home or to the presence of siblings. Parental contacts remain stable during the entire stay of the baby in the neonatal special care unit. PMID- 6519116 TI - The Coffin-Lowry syndrome. A study of two new index patients and their families. AB - Two adult, mentally retarded males with the typical features of the Coffin-Lowry syndrome are reported. Further family investigation led to the same diagnosis in a 2.5-year-old male cousin, and to the identification of five female carriers, with variable clinical expression of this X-linked inherited mental retardation syndrome. PMID- 6519117 TI - Urapidil therapy for acute hypertensive crises in infants and children. AB - In 19 infants and children with acute and severe hypertension following a cardiovascular operation urapidil infusion was started for treatment of the hypertensive crisis. In all patients blood pressure was effectively reduced within 15 min. The drop in systemic blood pressure was combined with a reduction of central venous pressure. Heart rate and urine volume remained unaltered. Serum electrolytes after 12-24 h therapy showed a slight but significant decrease in serum sodium and an increase in serum potassium concentration. In one case urapidil treatment had to be interrupted because of hypotension. In this case the urapidil therapy was tolerated later in lower doses. Serious side effects were not observed. In our experience urapidil can be recommended for the treatment of hypertensive crises in children. PMID- 6519118 TI - Serum iron, serum transferrin and transferrin saturation in healthy children without iron deficiency. AB - Serum iron, serum transferrin and transferrin saturation were studied in 253 healthy, non-anaemic children 4, 8 and 13 years old, and in 60 healthy, non anaemic adults having serum ferritin values greater than or equal to 15 micrograms/l. One hundred and ninety-six children had serum ferritin values greater than or equal to 15 micrograms/l (i.e. replete iron stores), 35 had intermediate ferritin values from 10-14 micrograms/l and 22 had ferritin values less than 10 micrograms/l (i.e. depleted iron stores). Iron replete children showed a gradual rise in serum iron and transferrin saturation values with age. Serum iron and transferrin saturation values were lower (P less than 0.001, P less than 0.0001) and transferrin values higher (P less than 0.0001) in iron replete children compared to adults. Iron replete children had a 2.5 centile transferrin saturation value of 5%; 19.9% of these children had saturation values less than 15% and 8.2% had values less than 10%. In iron depleted children a transferrin saturation value less than 7% yielded the highest diagnostic efficiency as regards exhausted iron stores, although with a low predictive value of a positive test. The transferrin saturation is unsuitable as a single diagnostic criterion in the evaluation of iron deficiency in children and should always be combined with other indicators of iron status. PMID- 6519119 TI - Selenium intake of infants and young children, healthy children and dietetically treated patients with phenylketonuria. AB - In 20 healthy infants and children, 5-20 months old, the Se intake was estimated by analysing food samples by instrumental neutron activation analysis. The intake was calculated by weighing the portions offered and actually consumed. The median Se content of the food amounted to 27 ng/g wet weight (gww) and median daily Se intake to 33.5 micrograms. The Se intake was not equally distributed over the day. About 50% of the daily Se intake was derived from the supper. The main Se sources (41%) for young children were cereal paps. Commercially available meals (30 ng/g) contained less Se than home-made ones (50 ng/g). In nine dietetically treated patients with phenylketonuria the median Se intake amounted only to 6.9 micrograms/day corresponding to a mean Se content of the diet of 7.9 ng/g. The main Se source in the diet was vegetables (36.3%) and 20% derived from their protein supplements. The Se intake of young children, healthy or dietetically treated, cannot be calculated accurately from tables but must be estimated by measuring the Se content of the local food because cereals and vegetables--the main Se sources--exhibit great regional variations. PMID- 6519120 TI - Binding of cefalotin to human serum albumin. AB - Binding of cefalotin to human serum albumin was studied in vitro by equilibrium dialysis and the quantitative measurement of cefalotin was made by fluorimetric assay. The binding rate of cefalotin to human serum albumin found to be 61,1%. The determination of drug binding parameters showed a large number of binding sites (n = 9.36) and a moderate affinity (K = 3898 M-1). PMID- 6519121 TI - Urinary pharmacokinetics of orally administered ketoprofen in man. AB - The urinary pharmacokinetics of ketoprofen were compared after administration of single doses of standard ketoprofen capsules or two sustained-release pellet formulations of ketoprofen to nine healthy volunteers, using a specific and sensitive high-performance liquid chromatographic assay procedure. The sustained release pellet formulation with the faster in vitro release characteristics was shown to be bioequivalent to ketoprofen capsules ('Orudis'). The mean (+/- standard deviation) apparent elimination half-life of ketoprofen after this sustained-release formulation was 7.4 +/- 3.1 h, compared with 4.1 +/- 0.85 h after ketoprofen capsules. The sustained-release formulation with the slower in vitro dissolution characteristics also exhibited slower in vivo dissolution, but was only 65% bioavailable, compared to ketoprofen capsules. A disproportionately large degree of elimination of free ketoprofen was observed between 0-6 h after dosing with ketoprofen capsules. This result could be explained by a saturable mechanism in the metabolism of ketoprofen to its glucuronide. however, since the renal excretion of free ketoprofen is not a major route of ketoprofen elimination, relatively large alterations in this parameter will not markedly alter elimination half-life or area under the plasma ketoprofen concentration against time curve. Thus, the clinical significance of such a mechanism is probably negligable. PMID- 6519122 TI - The metabolism of aspirin in rats; localization, absorption, distribution and excretion. AB - By the use of acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) 14C-labelled in either the acetyl or the carboxyl group, the metabolic pathway and the degree of degradation of the substance were studied. The change in aspirin concentration and the rate of degradation occurring in major tissues and organs after oral administration was measured by radioactivity techniques. The degree of degradation for the period 10 30 minutes was found to be about 38% in the stomach wall, 64% in the liver and 86% in the lung, and less than 10% in the circulating portion of aspirin itself in blood, under conditions of equilibrium concentration of substrate. A technique measuring 14CO2 in expired air and using 14C-acetyl aspirin allowed for determination of the kinetics of the transformation of this compound into salicylic acid. The effective period for aspirin for unstrained and unanesthetized rats given orally was determined to be 90 min. The metabolic fates of the two kinds of 14C-labelled aspirin given orally were found to be very different and characteristic by counting and autoradiographic techniques. The distribution of [carboxyl-14C] aspirin was rather uniform, but [acetyl-14C] aspirin preferentially accumulated in the bone cortex portion. PMID- 6519123 TI - Pharmacokinetics of [4-14C] mofebutazone after oral administration in man. AB - The pharmacokinetics of mofebutazone was investigated in man after oral administration of [4-14C] mofebutazone in suspension form (7 mg/kg body weight). The blood concentration/time course was found to fit a two compartment open model with first order absorption (ka = 10.1 h-1) where elimination (kel = 0.304 h-1) occurs only from compartment 1. The maximum concentration was reached after 0.3 h in compartment 1 and after 2 h in compartment 2. Mofebutazone was found to be excreted almost exclusively via the kidney; 97% of the administered dose was found in urine already at 72 h. Excretion takes place very rapidly; 24% of the dose was excreted in 1.5 h and 45% in 3 h. 92% of the mofebutazone excreted was the conjugated form. Two glucuronides were detected in the 24 h urine; one of these seemed to be identical to a glucuronide fractionated from the urine of rat. The renal clearance of mofebutazone in man was found to be 3.38 l/h. The almost complete recovery of mofebutazone in the urine indicates that after oral administration, this drug has a very high bioavailability via the oral route. PMID- 6519124 TI - Methandrostenolone: metabolism in the rabbit. AB - Methandrostenolone and the fully reduced metabolites 17 alpha-methyl-5 alpha androstane-3 beta, 17 beta-diol and 17 alpha-methyl-5 beta-androstane-3 alpha, 17 beta-diol, the partially reduced and hydroxylated metabolites 16 alpha, 17 beta dihydroxy-17 alpha-methyl-5 beta-androst-1-en-3-one and 16 beta, 17 beta dihydroxy-17 alpha-methyl-5 beta-androst-1-en-3-one, the monohydroxylated metabolites 6 beta, 17 beta-dihydroxy-17 alpha-methyl-1,4-androstadien-3-one and 16 beta, 17 beta-dihydroxy-17 alpha-methyl-1,4-androstadien-3-one, and the dihydroxylated metabolite 6 beta, 16 beta, 17 beta-trihydroxy-17 beta-trihydroxy 17 alpha-methyl-1,4-androstadien-3-one have been isolated and identified in the urine of rabbits orally dosed with methandrostenolone. C-16 Hydroxylated and dihydroxylated metabolites have not been previously reported from methandrostenolone. No evidence for epimerization at the C-17 position was observed in the rabbit. PMID- 6519126 TI - Autoradiographic and biochemical studies of drug distribution in the liver. II. [35S]Chlorpromazine and [14C]imipramine. AB - Whole body autoradiography revealed that the distribution pattern of [35S]chlorpromazine and [14C]imipramine in the mouse and rat liver was heterogeneous (or reticular) shortly after intravenous administration of the labeled agents and then became homogeneous. Microautoradiography by dry-mounting method revealed that the macroscopic heterogeneous pattern of [35S]chlorpromazine was due to its periportal localization in the hepatic lobule. The present studies indicated that the heterogeneous distribution was re-arranged to a homogeneous one in the following way: 1. The amount of [35S]chlorpromazine and [14C]imipramine circulated to the liver was greatly restricted by their significant distribution in non-hepatic tissues shortly after administration. This was shown by whole body autoradiography, radiometry of tissues and volumes of distribution in non-hepatic tissues. Therefore, 2. perilobular hepatocytes alone could take up the agents and consequently, centrilobular cells were unavailable to them: heterogeneous distribution pattern is formed. This was shown by microautoradiography described above, and by the rapid and significant uptake of the agents by isolated hepatocytes in vitro and of [35S]chlorpromazine by the liver to which the agent was continuously administered in situ. However, 3. re distribution of [35S]chlorpromazine and [14C]imipramine occurred thereafter. Therefore, the radioactive compounds were significantly supplied to the liver late after administration: the pattern became homogeneous. This was shown by the whole body autoradiography and radiometry. PMID- 6519125 TI - Autoradiographic and biochemical studies of drug distribution in the liver. I. [14C]Dehydrocorydaline. AB - Whole body autoradiography revealed that the distribution pattern of [14C]dehydrocorydaline in the mouse and rat liver was heterogeneous (or reticular) regardless of time after intravenous administration of the labeled agent. Microautoradiography by dry-mounting method revealed that the macroscopic heterogeneous pattern was due to the periportal localization of the radioactive compound in the hepatic lobule. By comparison with [14C]salicylid acid, [14C]diphenylhydantoin and [14C]p-chlorophenoxyacetic acid whose distribution pattern are homogeneous in the liver, the present studies indicated that the existence and persistence of heterogeneous distribution of [14C]dehydrocorydaline in the liver had the following causes: 1. Shortly after intravenous administration, the amount of [14C]dehydrocorydaline circulated to the liver was greatly restricted by its significant distribution in non-hepatic tissues. This was shown by the whole body autoradiography, radiometry of tissues and quantitative comparison of volumes of distribution in non-hepatic tissues. Therefore, 2. perilobular hepatocytes alone could take up [14C]dehydrocorydaline and consequently, centrilobular cells were unavailable to it: heterogeneous distribution pattern is formed. This was shown by microautoradiography as described above, and by the rapid and significant uptake of [14C]dehydrocorydaline by isolated hepatocytes in vitro and by the liver to which the labeled agents were continuously administered in situ. It was also substantiated by the more homogeneous distribution pattern in the liver of the rat to which greater amount of [14C]dehydrocorydaline was gradually given into the portal vein and of the mouse with allyl formate-induced perilobular damage. 3. Redistribution of [14C]dehydrocorydaline scarcely occurred in the whole body and therefore radioactive substance was not significantly supplied to the liver: the distribution pattern remained unchanged. This was shown by the whole body autoradiography and radiometry of tissues. PMID- 6519127 TI - Autoradiographic and biochemical studies of drug distribution in the liver. III. [14C]Aminotriazole. AB - Whole body autoradiography revealed that the distribution pattern of [14C]aminotriazole in the mouse liver was homogeneous after intravenous administration of the labeled agent and then became heterogeneous (or reticular). Microautoradiography by dry-mounting method revealed that the macroscopic heterogeneous pattern was due to the central localization of the radioactive compound in the hepatic lobule. The present studies indicated that the heterogeneous distribution could be explained as follows. The amount of [14C]aminotriazole circulated to the liver was large since the compound was not so significantly distributed in non-hepatic tissues: distribution pattern was homogeneous in the liver. This was shown by whole body autoradiography and radiometry of tissues. A part of [14C]aminotriazole radioactivity present in the liver was gradually bound covalently to hepatic macromolecules. This was shown by whole body autoradiography after whole body sections of the mouse were extracted by acid, and by the biochemical fractionation of the liver. The covalently bound radioactivity alone became apparent in centrilobular hepatocytes: the distribution was heterogeneous. This was shown by microautoradiography and by the finding that the elimination rate of the bound radioactivity was slower than that of unbound radioactivity. PMID- 6519128 TI - Pharmacokinetics of oxiracetam following intravenous and oral administration in healthy volunteers. AB - The kinetics of oxiracetam after single intravenous and oral doses (2000 mg) were investigated in four healthy volunteers. Following intravenous administration, the decline in serum levels showed a prolonged, rapid phase followed by a delayed terminal phase. Mean residence times ranged from 3.9 to 6.5 h. Volumes of distribution ranged from 0.9 to 1.81 X kg-1, whereas clearance values ranged from 100 to 119 ml X h-1 X kg-1 More than 90% of the intravenous dose was recovered unchanged in the urine within 48 h. Oral administration resulted in peak levels within 1-2 h; thereafter, the decline in serum levels showed a pattern similar to that observed after the intravenous dose--almost 50% of the oral dose was excreted in the urine within 6 h. The absolute availability of oral oxiracetam was 75 +/- 7%. PMID- 6519130 TI - Pulmonary interstitial edema in experimental cirrhosis of the liver in rats. AB - To determine whether interstitial pulmonary edema occurs or not in experimental cirrhotic rats, male Sprague-Dawley rats were given carbon tetrachloride subcutaneously in order to induce liver cirrhosis. The percent lung water content of the cirrhotic rats increased to 79.1 +/- 0.7% compared to 77.4 +/- 0.9% in control rats (p less than 0.001). Microscopically, 8 of 10 cirrhotic rats show the pulmonary interstitial thickening with lymphocytic infiltration. Moreover, perivascular edema with dilatation of lymphatics was frequently recognized. This suggested that fluid retention of pulmonary interstitial tissue would occur in the cirrhotic rats, and then perivascular edema would compress the small airways of the lung in cirrhotic rats. PMID- 6519129 TI - Pharmacokinetic effects of altered plasma protein binding of drugs in renal disease. AB - The measurement of plasma drug concentrations provides no insight into the relationship between the free and the plasma-protein-bound fractions of drugs. Plasma protein binding may decrease in renal disease due to uremia, hypoalbuminemia, or due to drug interactions. Decreased plasma protein binding leads to an increase in free plasma fraction causing an increase in volume of distribution and a shorter elimination half life. The increase in the apparent volume of distribution and the shorter elimination half life cause a decrease in total plasma concentration. Therefore, the free drug concentration is more reliable than the total plasma concentration for therapeutic drug monitoring. However, the free amount in plasma and in tissue and the tissue-bound amount remain unchanged under steady state conditions. Thus, a decrease in plasma protein binding in renal disease usually does not lead to increased drug toxicity, and alteration of drug dosage is not required, although the total plasma concentration may be found to be considerably lower than normal. In addition to plasma protein binding, alteration of tissue binding must also be considered for the determination of the appropriate dosage of some drugs in renal disease. PMID- 6519131 TI - Usefulness of combined gastric and esophageal pH monitoring in detecting gastroesophageal alkaline and mixed reflux. AB - 96 patients with 'typical' symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux were studied by means of combined gastric and esophageal pH monitoring. The aim was to assess the incidence of 'alkaline' and 'mixed' gastroesophageal reflux episodes as well as 'acid' reflux and their reciprocal relationship with esophagitis. 'Alkaline' gastroesophageal reflux was defined whenever the pH in the esophagus rose above 7, but only when there was a simultaneous or immediately previous rise of gastric pH to similar alkaline values resulting from duodenogastric reflux. 'Mixed' gastroesophageal reflux was defined whenever the pH in the esophagus dropped to 5.5-4.5, but only when there was a simultaneous or immediately previous rise of gastric pH above 4 related to duodenogastric reflux. Our data suggest that 'alkaline' gastroesophageal reflux is a rare phenomenon while 'mixed' gastroesophageal reflux episodes are present in 21% of these patients. 87% of patients with mixed reflux had esophagitis. Until analytical studies of refluxed material are available to clarify its composition, combined gastric and esophageal pH monitoring seems a useful test to correctly interpret the 'alkaline' and 'mixed' gastroesophageal reflux. PMID- 6519132 TI - Value and role of percutaneous regional node aspiration cytology in the management of penile carcinoma. AB - The determination of the status of regional draining lymph nodes is crucial in the prognosis and treatment of penile carcinoma. Tumor staging is inaccurate without histologic examination of the nodes, but the high attendant morbidity rate of lymphadenectomy mandates careful case selection rather than routine prophylactic dissection. Since the penile and pedal lymphography opacifies all lymph nodes involved by penile carcinoma, fine needle aspiration cytology of regional nodes is an innocuous, accurate, easy, and inexpensive diagnostic procedure and alternative to surgical staging in determining the nodal extension of neoplasm. Positive cytology enables rapid, early and even curative lymphadenectomy in patients with clinically negative but microscopically positive nodes. Since radiopaque contrast medium opacifies the nodes for 6-9 months, repeated fine needle aspiration cytology may be used for accurate, careful and regular follow-up examination of patients with penile carcinoma. PMID- 6519133 TI - Angiography in renal oncocytoma: a report on 13 cases. AB - Angiographic features of 13 surgically treated oncocytomas are presented. A sharp rim was demonstrated in all cases; a 'spoke-wheel' arterial pattern in only 3 cases, and a homogenous nephrographic phase in 2 cases. None of these findings is specific for renal oncocytoma. PMID- 6519135 TI - Enuresis and urethral instability. AB - 31 patients with refractory enuresis underwent simultaneous urethrocystometry. Pure urethral instability was encountered in 14, urethral and bladder instability in 11 and isolated uninhibited bladder in 3. This allows us to discuss the functional relationship between the urethra and the bladder. We consider urethral instability as being a trigger mechanism for detrusor contraction, and the explanation for the paradox of stable bladder enuresis. Phenylpropanolamine (Ornade), 25-50 mg at bedtime, stabilizes the vesicosphincteric unit and stopped bedwetting in 11 of 16 patients. PMID- 6519134 TI - Prostatitis: are the gram-positive organisms pathogenic? AB - In 268 patients seen for sterility, sexual impairment or suspected prostatitis symptoms, first and midstream urine fractions, prostatic secretion and post massage urine cultures as well as semen cultures and exfoliative cytologies of the first urine fraction and prostatic secretion were performed. Gram-positive bacteria were isolated in 160 cases. Of these, 111 (69.3%) had significant cultures (Meares and Stamey criteria). Nevertheless, when we repeated the study without previous therapy, the results could not be confirmed. This shows that Gram-positive bacteria do colonize urethra and/or prostatic ducts, but are not responsible for prostatic infection. PMID- 6519136 TI - Tubular gigantism of the kidney in a 41-mm, Streeter's 23rd horizon, human fetus with a comparative study of renal structures in normal human fetuses at a similar stage of development. AB - This is a comparative study of the metanephric development of 1 abnormal and 7 normal human fetuses, all of them measuring approximately 41 mm in vertex-coccyx length (48-50 days of gestation). The abnormal fetus presented with dilatation of the collecting tubules and is, in accordance with our review of current literature, the first case in which this malformation has been described at such an early (embryonal) stage of development. Many theories have tried to explain the pathogenesis of this malformation. Our studies agree with the theory that proposes a delay in tubular canalization, to which changes in the structure of the tubular wall might be added. PMID- 6519137 TI - Flexible cystourethroscopy: advantages and limitations. AB - Much interest has been expressed in flexible cystourethroscopy, which has obvious potential advantages. In this study it was compared to rigid endoscopy in 25 patients. It was found to be a painless procedure, but not as accurate in diagnosing vesical lesions as the rigid endoscope. PMID- 6519138 TI - Spontaneous rupture of renal angiomyolipoma. Report of three cases. AB - The presentation of renal angiomyolipoma as an acute abdominal condition, together with hypovolemic shock, is very rare. 3 such cases are described herein with special reference to the diagnostic problems and recommended management. PMID- 6519139 TI - Late recurrence of renal cell carcinoma after nephrectomy. AB - Late recurrence of renal cell carcinoma is unusual. Of 43 patients who underwent curative nephrectomy more than 10 years before, 2 cases (4.7%) had late recurrence. The 2 cases, both female patients, had late recurrence 12 and 19 years from the date of nephrectomy. The clinical aspects of late recurrence are discussed briefly. PMID- 6519141 TI - Leukemic infiltration of the prostate causing acute urinary retention. AB - A case of early involvement of the prostate by chronic lymphocytic leukemia first manifested by urinary retention is reported. The patient was prostatectomized without specific findings. Only about 60 similar previous cases have been reported in the literature. PMID- 6519140 TI - 'True' sarcomatoid carcinoma of the renal pelvis. First case report with immunocytochemical study. AB - A case of sarcomatoid carcinoma of the renal pelvis is reported. The neoplasm showed polypoid configuration and was composed exclusively of plump, spindle and pleomorphic cells. Light microscopy did not reveal any epithelial differentiation of the neoplastic cells. Immunoperoxidase staining for keratins and for epithelial membrane antigen was strongly positive in the spindle elements and showed the epithelial nature of the proliferation. The present case suggests that pleomorphic tumors, when occurring in visceral organs, should be carefully sampled and immunocytochemical markers for epithelial and sarcomatous differentiation studied, before diagnosis of carcinosarcoma or sarcoma may be accepted. PMID- 6519142 TI - Diagnosis by aspiration biopsy of lung metastasis of renal cell carcinoma 24 years after nephrectomy. AB - A case of solitary pulmonary metastasis of renal cell carcinoma, diagnosed by fine needle aspiration biopsy 24 years after nephrectomy, is presented. The increasingly prominent role of fine needle aspiration cytology in the metastasis categorization of renal cell carcinoma is discussed. PMID- 6519143 TI - Lifespan changes in the index of cephalization. AB - This study compares the lifespan changes in respect to several brain-body weight parameters between several rat strains and human population groups. In the rat, following an initial potential decline, these parameters remain essentially constant throughout the lifespan. In the human, following a similar postnatal decline, there is a further progressive decline after about age 50. However, this decline with age disappears when correction is made for percent body fat. Thus, while both brain and body weight decline with age in humans, they do not decline proportionately. In both species brain and body weights are greater in males than in females, but when the data are translated into the several brain-body parameters females generally show higher indices than males, and this correlates with their superior longevity. These findings are discussed in respect to the role of the brain in aging. PMID- 6519144 TI - Variation in longevity of rats: evidence for a systematic increase in lifespan over time. AB - Male-Sprague-Dawley rats (CrL:CD(SD)BR) were maintained under barrier conditions at Charles River Breeding Laboratories (Wilmington MA) from August, 1975, to July, 1983. Animals were provided food and water ad libitum. Survival data from 8 completed cohorts of 100 animals each and one continuing cohort reveal a highly significant linear increase in median lifespan, yielding a 26% increase in this parameter for cohorts born over a period of less than six years. The biological factors responsible for this increase are not clear at present. Nevertheless, these results in outbred rats, taken in conjunction with previous observations of a trend towards increased longevity in inbred mice, indicate that the assumption of cohort equivalence underlying many cross-sectional studies of biological aging may not be valid. PMID- 6519145 TI - Semantic elaboration and the method of loci: a new trip for older learners. AB - The present study examined the effectiveness of two variations of a list learning mnemonic, the method of loci, on the recall of elderly subjects. In the Loci Only group (n = 20) subjects were instructed in the standard mnemonic and taught how to produce visual images associating each item to be remembered with one of several familiar locations. A second group, the Loci + Judgment condition (n = 17), received identical instructions except that they were taught, in addition, to make a personal judgment of the pleasantness of each visual image association. As predicted, subjects in the Loci Plus Judgment group showed greater improvement in their recall following instruction in the mnemonic. These results point to the importance of nonredundant forms of stimulus elaboration as a means of enhancing the accessibility of visual images and the effectiveness of visual mnemonic techniques. PMID- 6519146 TI - Quality of research on correlates of subjective well-being in adulthood. AB - Social scientists in general and social gerontologists in particular have investigated extensively the correlates of subjective well-being in adulthood. This paper examined whether ratings of study quality for 280 research reports on the correlates of subjective well-being in adulthood vary with year of report, type of report, journal focus, and study quality dimension. Multivariate analyses of variance indicated that Year of Report and Journal Focus were related to quality of study ratings. There were differences by Year of Report on ratings of significance of the problem, adequacy of sampling, appropriateness of statistical analyses, and adequacy of research report. Studies published in journals with an "aging" focus relative to those in journals with a "non aging" focus were rated higher on adequacy of the measuring instrument and reasonableness of the conclusions. The mean rating across all items was 2.67, indicating that the average study was judged to meet less than "some requirements." Concerns are noted for definition of the problem, relevance of the population, adequacy of sampling, and adequacy of control for errors. PMID- 6519147 TI - Age and field independence among women. AB - Age and the relationship to field independence, as measured by the Embedded Figures Test (EFT), among a sample of 160 creative women was studied. Comparisons were made between the mean EFT scores of creatine women and the mean scores of a sample of women not selected for creativity and the mean scores of two samples of men. Creative women were shown to be more field independent than women not selected for creativity and as field independence as two samples of younger men. A small but significant correlation between age and field independence was found. Older women, creative or not creative, were less field independent than younger women. PMID- 6519148 TI - Auditory processes and aging: significant problems for research. PMID- 6519149 TI - Pharmacokinetics of mepindolol in patients with chronic renal failure. AB - Five patients with a creatinine clearance of 14 to 37 ml/min/1.73 m2 were each given an oral dose of 10 mg of the beta-blocker mepindolol sulphate (Corindolan). In addition, two dialysis patients received the same dose either during hemodialysis or on a dialysis-free day. Plasma levels of mepindolol were measured by a sensitive, specific HPLC method. Mepindolol was rapidly absorbed in all the patients. The maximum plasma level of 35 +/- 8 ng/ml was reached after 1.4 +/- 0.5 h. The half-life of disposition was 4.0 +/- 1.5 h. The area under the plasma concentration-time curve was 237 +/- 84 ng X h/ml. The data obtained were no different from those found in normal healthy volunteers. PMID- 6519150 TI - Comparison of plasma levels of canrenone and metabolites after base hydrolysis in young and elderly subjects following single and multiple doses of spironolactone. AB - Plasma levels of canrenone and 'total metabolites' after base hydrolysis were compared in young and elderly subjects following single and multiple doses of spironolactone. After the initial dose on Day 1, plasma levels of canrenone and 'total metabolites' were higher in the young than in the elderly group, and significant differences were found between the two age groups in the AUC for both canrenone and 'total metabolites'. However, these differences between the two age groups diminished after multiple dosing on Day 8, and the steady state pre-dose plasma levels of canrenone and 'total metabolites' were significantly higher in the elderly subjects. The accumulation ratios of canrenone and 'total metabolites' were significantly higher in the elderly than in the young subjects. Both canrenone and canrenoic acid were extensively bound to plasma protein, but no differences were found between the two age groups in protein binding. Observed differences in plasma levels after single and multiple dosing between young and old subjects may be consequences of many factors such as a proportionate shift in metabolism with age; impaired oral absorption of the parent compound; and/or altered volume of distribution of the drug. PMID- 6519151 TI - Pharmacokinetics of canrenone and metabolites after base hydrolysis following single and multiple dose oral administration of spironolactone. AB - The pharmacokinetics of canrenone and 'total metabolites' after base hydrolysis was studied in eight young volunteers following single and multiple dose oral administration of spironolactone. The plasma levels of canrenone and 'total metabolites' were fitted to a two-compartment open model with a first-order absorption process. From our eight normal subjects studied, the harmonic mean of the distributive half-life (t1/2 alpha) of canrenone was found to be 1.66 h, and the harmonic mean of the terminal elimination half-life (t1/2 beta) to be 22.6 h. Harmonic means of the distributive and elimination half-lives of 'total metabolites' after base hydrolysis were 2.48 h and 28.8 h respectively. The accumulation ratio of canrenone was 2.53, whereas that of 'total metabolites' was 1.89. Despite the fact that spironolactone has been shown to induce hepatic metabolism of other drugs, no evidence of autoinduction was noted in the present study, as plasma levels of canrenone and 'total metabolites' were found to obey a linear two-compartment model with reproducible absorption and disposition after single and multiple doses. PMID- 6519153 TI - Plasma kinetics of dipyrone metabolites in rapid and slow acetylators. AB - The pharmacokinetics of the dipyrone metabolites 4-methylaminoantipyrine (MAA), 4 aminoantipyrine (AA), 4-formylaminoantipyrine (FAA) and 4-acetylaminoantipyrine (AAA) were evaluated following the administration of a single oral 1.0 g dose of dipyrone to 23 healthy volunteers. Twelve were slow and 11 were rapid acetylators as previously determined by dapsone phenotyping. For MAA and FAA the mean peak plasma concentrations were 10.5 +/- 2.8 micrograms/ml and 2.1 +/- 0.8 micrograms/ml and the half-lives were 3.3 +/- 1.0 and 10.1 +/- 1.8 h, respectively. No significant difference was found between rapid and slow acetylators in MAA and FAA kinetics. For AA, the mean peak plasma concentrations were 2.7 +/- 0.6 and 1.6 +/- 0.7 micrograms/ml (p less than 0.01), the peak times 6.7 +/- 2.1 and 3.1 +/- 1.1 h (p less than 0.01) and the half-lives were 5.5 +/- 1.0 and 3.8 +/- 1.2 h in slow and rapid acetylators, respectively. For AAA, the mean peak plasma concentrations were 1.6 +/- 0.4 and 4.4 +/- 1.1 micrograms/ml (p less than 0.01) and the peak time 16.1 +/- 5.1 and 10.0 +/- 2.6 h (p less than 0.01) in slow and rapid acetylators, respectively. There was no difference in the elimination half-life between the two groups (10.6 +/- 2.2 h). Thus, it has been demonstrated that the AAA/AA ratio is an indicator of the acetylation phenotype, as it is closely correlated with that determined by dapsone (r = 0.895, p less than 0.0005). PMID- 6519152 TI - Influence of alaproclate on antipyrine metabolite formation in man. AB - Alaproclate, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, presently undergoing clinical trial for the treatment of major depressive disorders, has been shown to inhibit hexobarbital metabolism in mice. In the present study the influence of oral alaproclate on the total plasma clearance of antipyrine and on the formation of its metabolites was investigated in 10 healthy volunteers. The peak level of alaproclate was reached after about 1.5 h, and after a distribution phase, its plasma elimination half-life was between 3.0 and 3.5 h. Antipyrine tests were performed before treatment, during the first four doses and after the seventh dose of alaproclate 200 mg/day. During treatment, total plasma antipyrine clearance and the clearance for production of all antipyrine metabolites were reduced by 30%, indicating non-selective inhibition of oxidative drug metabolizing enzyme activity in man by alaproclate. After the last dose of alaproclate, antipyrine plasma clearance and the clearance to its metabolites returned to control values. In order to allow more detailed evaluation of the results, the time course of the clearances for production of metabolites was investigated. This revealed that the extent of inhibition of metabolite formation by alaproclate was dependent on the plasma alaproclate level, indicating a rapidly reversible inhibition. PMID- 6519154 TI - Naloxone protein binding in adult and foetal plasma. AB - Binding of naloxone hydrochloride was determined at 37 degrees C, by equilibrium dialysis against 0.067 M phosphate buffer, pH 7.4, in plasma obtained from 18 healthy adults, and 18 samples of umbilical cord venous (foetal) plasma. The percentage free fraction (% free) in plasma was independent of naloxone concentration (9 ng/ml to 2.5 micrograms/ml). Percent free naloxone in adult (means = 54.0) was lower (p less than 0.01) than in foetal (means = 61.5) plasma. In buffered solutions of purified HSA, %free naloxone (means = 68.7) was independent of HSA concentration over the range 3.0 g/dl to 5.5 g/dl. Adult plasma concentrations of alpha 1-acid glycoprotein (alpha 1-AGP) and beta lipoprotein were higher (p less than 0.01) than foetal concentrations. Furthermore %free naloxone in foetal plasma decreased with the in-vitro addition of purified alpha 1-AGP. It is suggested that qualitative differences in adult and foetal albumin and quantitative differences in plasma levels of alpha 1-AGP and perhaps beta-lipoprotein are responsible for naloxone plasma binding differences between adults and the newborn. PMID- 6519155 TI - Single-dose kinetics of primidone in acute viral hepatitis. AB - The pharmacokinetics of primidone (PRM) after oral administration of a single 500 mg dose was studied in 7 patients with acute viral hepatitis and 7 healthy control subjects. The elimination half-life and the apparent clearance of unchanged PRM in the patients were 18.0 +/- 3.1 h and 42 +/- 14 ml X h-1 X kg-1, respectively (mean +/- SD) and did not differ significantly from the values in the controls (half-life 17.0 +/- 2.4 h; clearance 35 +/- 8 ml X h-1 X kg-1). The metabolite phenylethylmalonamide (PEMA) was detected in the serum of all normal subjects within 2-24 h. By contrast, serum levels of this metabolite were undetectable (less than 2 mumol/1) in all but one of the patients. Serum levels of phenobarbital (PB) remained below the limit of detection (less than 2 mumol/1) in all subjects. The findings indicate that accumulation of PRM with its attendant toxicity is unlikely to occur in epileptic patients who develop acute viral hepatitis, despite evidence that the metabolism of the drug is affected by this condition. The possibility of impaired conversion to PB and its implications are discussed. PMID- 6519156 TI - A comparison of methods for assessing the sedative effects of diphenhydramine on skills related to car driving. AB - A double blind cross-over study was performed to compare the sensitivity of "oof road" driving with that of laboratory tests of driving-related skills to drug induced sedation. Twelve experienced drivers (6 M, 6 F) received single oral doses of the H1-antagonist diphenhydramine 25, 50 and 100 mg and placebo. Each treatment was administered on 2 separate occasions, once in the driving school when real driving skills were assessed and again in the laboratory when performance of an adaptive tracking task, body sway and visual reaction were measured. On all occasions subjects assessed their own performance and alertness/sedation using visual analogue scales. Data were subjected to analysis of variance and differences assessed by Newman Keul's test. Diphenhydramine failed to impair driving performance at any dose while all doses produced significant changes in each of the 3 laboratory tests. Subjects rated themselves sedated after all 3 doses of active drug in the laboratory but only after the 100 mg dose in the driving school. Tests performed in the psychopharmacology laboratory appear to be more sensitive to the sedative effects of diphenhydramine than tests of "off road" driving. The implications are discussed. PMID- 6519157 TI - The pharmacokinetics of a new radiosensitiser, Ro 03-8799 in humans. AB - A new hypoxic cell radiosensitiser, Ro 03-8799 has been administered intravenously to human volunteers and its kinetic parameters derived from plasma and urine data. Good penetration of drug into tumour tissue is found, consistent with its large volume of distribution. The plasma clearance of this compound is rapid due to high metabolic and renal clearances. These parameters combine to produce an elimination half-life of 5.6 h, approximately half that of misonidazole, a well studied radiosensitiser. It is hoped that this decrease in total body exposure will also reduce the cumulative toxicity seen when misonidazole is administered repeatedly. PMID- 6519159 TI - Chronic lithium intake and hyperparathyroidism. AB - Two cases of patients on long-term lithium therapy are reported who developed hyperparathyroidism. The onset of this coincided with the appearance of severe depressive symptoms which had previously been under control. PMID- 6519158 TI - Amiodarone kinetics after single i.v. bolus and multiple dosing in healthy volunteers. AB - We studied three healthy volunteers after a single i.v. bolus of amiodarone, during 1 month of chronic oral dosing and after the discontinuation of the drug. Blood concentrations of amiodarone declined rapidly in a bi-exponential fashion after i.v. bolus. The terminal half-life ranged from 10 to 17 h; after discontinuation of chronic treatment the terminal half-lives were 8-21 days. The i.v. data, the trough levels during multiple dosing and the washout phase could be simultaneously fitted using a triexponential equation. The subjects were carefully monitored for cardiac and thyroid function. One subject had to stop taking amiodarone because of profound bradycardia. A reduction of serum TT3 and FT3 concentrations and an increase of serum rT3 and FT4 was found. PMID- 6519161 TI - Physical exercise and binding of digoxin to skeletal muscle--effect of muscle activation frequency. AB - Ten healthy subjects who had ingested 0.5 mg digoxin daily for at least 10 days, performed a 1-hour bicycle exercise test on two occasions, 24 h after the latest dose, with the same work load but at two different pedalling rates, 40 and 80 rpm. During exercise the mean digoxin concentration in the thigh muscle increased by 8% at 40 rpm (n.s.) and by 29% at 80 rpm (p less than 0.01). The serum digoxin concentration decreased by 39% at both pedalling rates (p less than 0.001). The results suggest that the increase in skeletal muscle digoxin concentration during exercise is related to the neuromuscular activation frequency. The digoxin concentration in erythrocytes was measured in 16 healthy subjects before and 1 minute after a 1-hour bicycle exercise test. The erythrocyte digoxin concentration decreased by 12% (p less than 0.01) during the exercise indicating that the increased uptake of digoxin in skeletal muscle during exercise influences the digoxin concentration in other tissues. PMID- 6519160 TI - Hydralazine-induced lupus: is there a toxic metabolic pathway? AB - The metabolism of hydralazine in a group of slow acetylator patients with the drug-induced lupus syndrome was compared with the metabolism in asymptomatic control subjects. There were no toxicologically significant difference in metabolite excretion between the groups which reached statistical significance, although there were interesting trends. However, the single lupus patient with the rapid acetylator phenotype excreted considerably greater quantities of phthalazinone than control patients and also increased amounts of hydrazine and hydralazine hydrazones. These results and the trends overall are consistent with the hypothesis that the metabolism of hydralazine may indeed be responsible for the drug induced lupus syndrome. PMID- 6519162 TI - Quinidine-induced changes in serum and skeletal muscle digoxin concentration; evidence of saturable binding of digoxin to skeletal muscle. AB - Eleven patients with atrial fibrillation on maintenance digoxin therapy were investigated by analysis of serum (SDC) and skeletal muscle (SMDC) digoxin concentrations before and 24 h and 2 weeks after starting quinidine treatment. After cardioversion the maintenance dose of digoxin was reduced in order to obtain the same steady-state SDC after 2 weeks, as before quinidine. SDC was increased by quinidine therapy from 1.56 to 2.40 nmol/l after 24 h. With the reduced digoxin dose SDC was 1.68 nmol/l after 2 weeks. The ratio SMDC/SDC decreased after 24 h of quinidine treatment from 35.4 to 29.0 (p less than 0.01). After 2 weeks of quinidine treatment with the reduced digoxin dose, the ratio had risen to 38.1, which did not differ significantly from the initial ratio. The present data suggest that the reduced skeletal muscle binding of digoxin during quinidine therapy is due to saturation of digoxin binding sites secondary to the increase in the total body load of digoxin at steady-state, and not to direct interference by quinidine with digoxin binding sites. PMID- 6519163 TI - Pharmacokinetics of propranolol during pregnancy. AB - Propranolol, a beta-adrenoceptor blocking drug, was administered to 6 healthy pregnant volunteers between 32 and 36 weeks gestation and when at least 6 weeks postpartum. On both occasions, subjects were given propranolol 120 mg orally or 10 mg intravenously in randomised order with a minimum washout period of 1 week. Propranolol was assayed in plasma by gas-liquid chromatography with electron capture detection and the pharmacokinetic parameters were investigated. There were no significant alterations in elimination half-life, clearance or apparent volume of distribution per kilogram antenatally compared with postnatally: bioavailability was also unchanged. It is concluded that the disposition of propranolol is not altered during pregnancy. PMID- 6519164 TI - Pharmacokinetics of high doses of piretanide in moderate to severe renal failure. AB - The pharmacokinetics of piretanide was studied in 10 patients with chronic renal failure. After administration of a high oral dose (12 to 192 mg) of piretanide the kinetics behaved according to an open 2-compartment model. The elimination constant in the first phase (alpha) ranged from 0.385 to 0.756 h-1 and in the second phase (beta) from 0.079 to 0.274 h-1. The corresponding elimination half lives ranged from 55 to 108 min (t 1/2 alpha) and from 152 to 524 min (t 1/2 beta). Only an average of 2.8% of the orally administered drug was recovered in 24 h urines. Nevertheless, a good correlation was found between urinary recovery or renal clearance of the drug and residual renal function. The elimination of piretanide by non-renal mechanisms appeared to be increased when renal function was greatly diminished. PMID- 6519165 TI - Implications of intraindividual variability in bioavailability studies of furosemide. AB - Intrasubject variation in bioavailability (rate and extent) and disposition of furosemide 40 mg was investigated using a repeated, randomized, double-blind cross-over study in 8 healthy subjects. Two generic tablet formulations (Lasix and Furix) and intravenous furosemide were compared on 6 separate days. Extensive intrasubject variability after oral administration was observed in AUC, mean absorption time (MAT) and urinary excretion. The variability (error variance) within the dosage forms was as large as that between the two generics. These variations most probably depended on the absorption process, since the repeated i.v. doses showed only marginal intrasubject variability. Absolute bioavailability was 56% for Lasix and 55% for Furix (AUC). The range was 20 to 84% between individuals and the maximal range within one individual was 20 to 61%. Confidence interval and Bayesian analysis showed a high probability of non equivalence not only between but also within the generics when the separate cross over experiments were analyzed (8 observations). When extending the analysis to 16 observations, bioequivalence was demonstrated for the two generic tablets. Rate of absorption, quantified as MAT, was 128 min for Lasix and 98 min for Furix (16 observations). Since MAT was significantly longer (p less than 0.001) than the mean residence time after the i.v. dose (57 min), absorption was evidently the rate-limiting step in the overall kinetics of oral furosemide. Intraindividual variation in absorption is a confounding factor in bioavailability studies of furosemide using limited numbers of subjects. This is important to consider when designing and evaluating bioavailability studies for drugs showing these variations. PMID- 6519166 TI - Use of single doses and rapid sampling to detect interactions with cimetidine. AB - In this study the well-established interaction between cimetidine and theophylline has been demonstrated using only a single dose of cimetidine. Eleven healthy subjects were given a 30 min infusion of theophylline on two separate occasions and plasma levels were monitored at frequent intervals. During one of the studies, a single 400 mg oral dose of cimetidine was given after collection of the 3 h sample. After normalisation of the control and test curves, a deflection was apparent in the test theophylline elimination curve in 9 out of 11 subjects. This method may provide a rapid screening method to detect such interactions. PMID- 6519167 TI - Pharmacokinetics of methotrexate in erythrocytes in psoriasis. AB - The intraerythrocytic levels of folate and methotrexate were measured in 25 patients on long-term methotrexate therapy for recalcitrant psoriasis. The mean steady state concentration of methotrexate in erythrocytes was 85 nmol/l and the mean erythrocyte folate concentration was 729 nmol/l. A linear correlation was not observed between these parameters, but the greatest methotrexate accumulation was found in cells at the lower end of the erythrocyte folate concentration range. In 5 patients started on methotrexate therapy the erythrocyte concentrations of methotrexate and folate were followed over 6 months. 3-4 days after the first dose, methotrexate had been accumulated against a concentration gradient in the erythrocytes. The methotrexate concentration increased steadily until the steady state level was reached after 4-6 weeks. The steady state level was maintained during the 6 month observation period. The erythrocyte folate concentration did not change during this period. The data suggest that methotrexate polyglutamate synthesis within the circulating erythrocyte is a major cause of methotrexate accumulation in these cells. PMID- 6519168 TI - Presence of chlorprothixene and its metabolites in breast milk. AB - Chlorprothixene (CPX) and CPX sulphoxide were demonstrated in breast milk from two psychotic mothers taking 200 mg CPX daily. The milk concentrations of CPX were 120 to 260% greater than in plasma. The estimated amounts of drug administered in breast milk to one of the infants were 15 and 26 micrograms/day for CPX and CPX sulphoxide, respectively. Accordingly, the infant dose of the parent compound would be only 0.1% of the maternal dose/kg body weight. It is not likely that CPX or its metabolite would exert any immediate pharmacological effects in the nursing infant. However, the long term effect of low doses of neuroleptic drugs in the developing infants is not yet known. PMID- 6519170 TI - Biperiden effects and plasma levels in volunteers. AB - The pharmacokinetics of biperiden was studied and compared with pharmacodynamics (pupil size, accommodation, self-rating mood scale) in 6 healthy volunteers. A single-blind cross-over design was employed with placebo and biperiden (4 mg as commercially available tablets). After a lag time of 0.5 h, biperiden was rapidly absorbed with a half-life of 0.3 h, plasma peak levels of 5 ng/ml being reached after 1.5 h. Biperiden showed good tissue penetration (distribution half-life 0.6 h; ratio of total to central distribution volume 9.6), the terminal half-life time of plasma concentration was 18 h, and the oral clearance was 146 l/h. The pharmacodynamic maximum lagged behind the plasma peak concentration by 1 (self rating) to 4 h (accommodation). PMID- 6519169 TI - Pharmacokinetics of the oral narcotic analgesic bezitramide and preliminary observations on its effect on experimentally induced pain. AB - The oral absorption of bezitramide 5 mg was studied in 7 human volunteers, using a specific radioimmuno-assay which measured both bezitramide and its active metabolite R-4618. A lag time of 0.5-1.0 h and a Cmax of 5.4 ng/ml plasma were found, the latter occurring 2.5-3.5 h after administration. The apparent elimination half-life varied from 11 to 24 h. Less than 0.3% of the dose was excreted unchanged in the urine. High concentrations in the faeces of some individuals indicate incomplete absorption and/or biliary secretion. The analgesic effect, using a standardized superficial electrical stimulation method, reached its maximum between 2.5 and 3.5 h after dosing, in accordance with the absorption phase. The duration of the effect was highly variable. Experiments in rats (n = 6, 3H-bezitramide 2.5 micrograms), demonstrated extensive biliary excretion (up to 70% of total radioactivity) and less than 3% of the label was removed by urinary excretion. PMID- 6519171 TI - Cimetidine bioavailability and variable renal clearance. PMID- 6519172 TI - Binding and uptake of rabbit IgG complexes by diploid fibroblasts via plasma membrane Fc receptors. AB - The existence of IgG receptors on the plasma membrane of diploid human fibroblasts is demonstrated. The receptors specifically bind heat-aggregated rabbit IgG as well as rabbit IgG within antigen-antibody complexes. Monomeric rabbit IgG were only poor ligands of the receptor. Competition experiments with Fab and Fc fragments of IgG revealed that the receptor specifically recognizes the Fc domain of the IgG molecule. Heat-aggregated IgG or antigen-antibody IgG complexes are specifically bound to the receptors, endocytosed and subsequently degraded. The receptors do not seem to be recycled because protein synthesis is a prerequisite for further cycles of endocytosis. PMID- 6519173 TI - Quantitative analysis of the interaction between the agonist and antagonist isomers of picenadol (LY150720) on electric shock titration in the squirrel monkey. AB - The opioid mixed agonist-antagonist picenadol (LY150720) is a racemate whose resolution results in a highly stereospecific separation of opioid agonist and antagonist activity. Attenuation of the antinociceptive effects of the agonist (dextro) isomer LY136596 by the antagonist (levo) isomer LY136595 was evaluated quantitatively in squirrel monkeys responding under a schedule of electric shock titration through the use of a dose-ratio analysis. LY136596 (0.3-3.0 mg/kg) produced a dose-related increase in the intensity at which monkeys maintained the shock. Increases in shock intensity produced by LY136596 were antagonized by LY136595 (0.1-10.0 mg/kg); dose-response curves for LY136596 were shifted to the right in a parallel manner by increasing doses of LY136595. An apparent pA2 (Schild) plot obtained from these data yielded a line with a slope of -0.60 +/- 0.05 and an apparent pA2 value of 5.67 +/- 0.07. These data support previous suggestions that the antinociceptive activity of picenadol (LY150720) resides in the d-isomer (LY136596) and that the l-isomer (LY136595) acts to limit the analgesic efficacy of the racemate. PMID- 6519174 TI - Mesulergine, a selective serotonin-2 ligand in the rat cortex, does not label these receptors in porcine and human cortex: evidence for species differences in brain serotonin-2 receptors. AB - The kinetic and pharmacological characteristics of the binding of [3H]ketanserin and [3H]mesulergine to frontal cortical brain membranes from rat, pig and human were studied. In the 3 species [3H]ketanserin labeled sites with the characteristics of the 5-HT2 receptors previously described in the rat. In contrast, [3H]mesulergine labeled 5-HT2 receptors in rat, but not in pig and human cortices. The characteristics of the sites labeled by [3H]mesulergine in pig cortex were similar to those of sites in the choroid plexus of rats, pigs and humans. While several reputed 5-HT2 ligands presented a similar affinity for the [3H]ketanserin binding sites in the 3 species, other such ligands, e.g. mesulergine, methysergide, cinanserin and LSD which displaced these sites with high affinity in rat brain, had lower affinities in pig and human brain. These results indicate that 5-HT2 receptors show different pharmacological profiles in different species. Caution should thus be exerted in extrapolating data from laboratory animals to humans. PMID- 6519175 TI - The binding of serotonergic ligands to the porcine choroid plexus: characterization of a new type of serotonin recognition site. AB - The kinetic and pharmacological characteristics of the binding of [3H]5-HT (serotonin), [3H]8-OH-DPAT (8-OH-2-di-n-propylaminotetraline), [3H]LSD, [3H]ketanserin and [3H]mesulergine to membranes from frontal cortex, hippocampus and choroid plexus of pig brain were studied. The binding of these ligands to frontal cortex and hippocampus demonstrated the presence of 5-HT1 and 5-HT2 sites in both tissues, although hippocampus was richer in 5-HT1 (subtype 5-HT1A) sites. [3H]5-HT, [3H]mesulergine and [3H]LSD labeled the pig choroid plexus with high affinity. The pharmacological profiles of [3H]5-HT and [3H]mesulergine binding to this tissue were closely comparable. Ligands reported as selective for 5-HT1A, 5 HT1B or 5-HT2 subtypes did not show high affinity for these binding sites. Therefore, these 5-HT binding sites in pig choroid plexus could be named 5-HT1C. Other drugs with a high affinity for these sites were methysergide and mianserine. In pig frontal cortex, [3H]5-HT labeled the different subtypes of 5 HT1 sites. In contrast, [3H]mesulergine bound in pig frontal cortex to a small population of sites with pharmacological properties similar to those of the choroid plexus 5-HT1C sites. Possible physiological functions in which these sites might be involved are discussed. PMID- 6519176 TI - Cerebrovascular and cerebral metabolic effects of flurazepam and a benzodiazepine antagonist, 3-hydroxymethyl-beta-carboline. AB - There is a need in clinical practice for an antagonist which can reverse the sedative action of benzodiazepines. Recently, 3-hydroxymethyl-beta-carboline (3 HMC) has been reported to inhibit the sleep inducing effects of flurazepam. The effects of flurazepam (0.5, 5 and 50 mg/kg) on cerebral blood flow (CBF) and cerebral O2 consumption (CMRO2) were evaluated in rats and the ability of 3-HMC to reverse these changes was determined. Regional CBF was measured with radioactive microspheres and cortical CMRO2 was calculated from sagittal sinus arterial O2 content differences and cortical CBF. Flurazepam produced dose dependent decreases in CBF and CMRO2 which were significant at 5 and 50 mg/kg. 3 HMC (5 mg/kg) inhibited flurazepam induced changes at the 5 mg/kg dose but had little effect on the CBF and CMRO2 depression produced by 50 mg/kg flurazepam. At a dose of 25 mg/kg, 3-HMC inhibited the effects of both 5 and 50 mg/kg flurazepam. Blood pressure and heart rate were also decreased by flurazepam but these variables were not reversed as effectively by 3-HMC treatment. The results indicate that 3-HMC is an active antagonist of the cerebrovascular and cerebral metabolic depression produced by flurazepam and can stimulate CBF and CMRO2 at high doses when given alone. PMID- 6519177 TI - Release of catecholamines and [Met5]enkephalin immunoreactive material from perfused bovine adrenal glands. AB - Retrogradely perfused bovine adrenal glands were stimulated by acetylcholine (ACh) and 1,1-dimethyl-4-phenyl-piperazinium (DMPP), with or without hexamethonium. Stimulation by either agent resulted in an increased release of both [Met5]enkephalin immunoreactive material (ME-IRM) and catecholamines as measured by radioimmunoassay and high performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection, respectively. ACh (5 X 10(-5) M) and DMPP (5 X 10(-5) M) stimulated the release of norepinephrine greater than the release of epinephrine. The action of these agents was antagonized by hexamethonium (5 X 10( 4) M). DMPP produced the same percentage increase in the release of ME-IRM and norepinephrine but produced a greater percentage increase in the release of ME IRM compared to the release of epinephrine. There was no apparent correlation between the percentage increase in the release of ME-IRM and either norepinephrine or epinephrine after ACh. PMID- 6519178 TI - Chronic treatment with diisopropylfluorophosphate increases dopamine turnover in the striatum of the rat. AB - Following the administration of a single dose of diisopropylfluorophosphate (DFP) there is a rise of acetylcholine (ACh) in the rat striatum and frontal cortex. With chronic treatment, striatal ACh content returns to normal, but frontal cortex ACh remains elevated. In striatum but not frontal cortex, there is a rise of dopamine (DA) content and turnover after chronic DFP treatment. We speculate that DA content and turnover are increased after chronic DFP because the nigrostriatal neuronal feedback loop and local feedback loops are activated to compensate for increased cholinergic tone. PMID- 6519179 TI - Changes in central monoaminergic function during chronic treatment with clonidine in the spontaneously hypertensive rat. AB - Clonidine was administered intravenously via osmotic minipumps at doses of 0.1 and 0.5 mg X kg-1 X 24 h-1. Both doses lowered blood pressure to the same degree by the third day of treatment. Only the higher dose significantly lowered heart rate. There was no tolerance to these cardiovascular effects which were maintained up to the seventh day of clonidine infusion. The only clonidine induced change in central monoaminergic function was an increase in the adrenaline levels in the hindbrain. No other changes in central monoaminergic function in either cortex or hindbrain were detected at the level of the enzymes (tyrosine hydroxylase) of the neurotransmitters (noradrenaline, dopamine) or of the adrenoceptors [( 3H]clonidine binding). Our results suggest that clonidine lowers blood pressure via inhibition of release of hindbrain adrenaline. PMID- 6519180 TI - Species-dependent differences in the nature of endothelium-derived vascular relaxing factor. AB - Effluents from perfused acetylcholine-relaxed endothelium segments of rabbit aorta (or canin femoral artery) contained endothelium-derived relaxing factors (EDRF) which dilated the endothelium-free segments of rabbit femoral artery (or side branches of canine femoral artery). The half-life of EDRF was 24 +/- 3 s for the rabbit and 49 +/- 5 s for the canine system. Nordihydroguaiaretic acid was less effective against the formation of canine EDRF than of rabbit EDRF. These findings suggest species differences in the nature of EDRF. PMID- 6519181 TI - Intraventricular arginine vasopressin maintains ethanol tolerance. AB - Tolerance to the hypnotic effect of ethanol in mice is prolonged by once daily intraventricular injections of arginine vasopressin. This action is similar to that reported previously when vasopressin was administered subcutaneously. The results indicate that maintenance of ethanol tolerance by vasopressin is a centrally mediated action of the peptide, and is not due to possible aversive properties of peripherally administered vasopressin. PMID- 6519182 TI - Absence of correlation between ACh-induced Ca influx and phosphatidic acid labeling in rat uterus. AB - Rat uterine smooth muscle was preincubated in Ca-depleted modified Locke-Ringer solution to investigate the correlation between the 32Pi incorporation into phosphatidic acid induced by acetylcholine and the contractile response to acetylcholine induced by the addition of CaCl2 (Ca influx). The results showed that in rat uterine smooth muscle under these conditions phosphatidic acid does not act as a Ca ionophore or as a trigger for opening the Ca channel. PMID- 6519183 TI - Kynuramine: high affinity for [3H]tryptamine binding sites. AB - Kynuramine, an endogenously occurring metabolite of L-tryptophan, was found to displace [3H]tryptamine from its high affinity binding sites in rat brain cortex with an inhibition constant (Ki) of 28 nM. Kynuramine exhibited structural specificity and considerable selectivity, compared with its affinity for serotonergic, adrenergic and benzodiazepine recognition sites. This novel finding opens-up the possibility that kynuramine may exert physiological actions via the putative tryptamine receptor. PMID- 6519184 TI - Evidence that 5-hydroxytryptamine does not mediate GABA-induced contractile responses in the guinea-pig proximal ileum. AB - Segments of the isolated proximal ileum of the guinea-pig were set up in the organ bath to record longitudinal muscle contractions. Both gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and 5-hydroxytryptamine induced neurally mediated cholinergic contractile responses; desensitization to 5-HT did not consistently depress contractile responses to GABA, whilst quipazine antagonized the neuronal responses induced by 5-HT without affecting responses to GABA. It is thus concluded that 5-HT does not mediate GABA-induced responses in the ileum. PMID- 6519185 TI - [The effects of rat selection and reproduction on learning ability in the offspring]. AB - We studied the effect of selective reproduction on rats purchased from a breeder, so as to detect learning impairments in their offspring. The parent rats selected for mating were categorized as bright or dull in terms of learning ability on the basis of a learning test in a water maze or passive avoidance response (PAR). Offspring were tested in the same way as the selected rats, with their responses being compared for each generation. 1. The matings, consisting of bright X bright, bright X dull, dull X bright, dull X dull, resulted in a significant increase in the number of dull offspring of dull X dull from parents selected by water maze or PAR learning test. 2. Bright or dull mothers selected by PAR learning were treated with chlorpromazine 6 mg/kg (2 times/day/s.c.) on the 13th day of gestation. Afterwards, a slight increase in dull offspring of dull parents was seen. 3. These results indicate that in order to evaluate the learning ability of F1 in a reproductive test, it is first necessary to check the reaction of the parents, purchased F0, and to classify them as bright or dull. PMID- 6519186 TI - Age-related changes in the molecular weight of hyaluronic acid from rat skin. AB - Age-related changes in the molecular weight of hyaluronic acid from the skin of rats was studied using fetuses, newborn animals and rats 1, 2, 3, 4, 13, 26 and 52 weeks of age. Average values of the molecular weight of hyaluronic acid varied with age in three phases: 39 X 10(4) in fetuses and up to the age of one week, 55 X 10(4) in individuals aged to 26 weeks and 87 X 10(4) in individuals 52 weeks of age. The distribution of molecular weight was quite different between 4 weeks and 52 weeks of age. At 4 weeks of age, the molecular weight of hyaluronic acid was widely distributed, ranging from 18 X 10(4) to 79 X 10(4), while that from 52 week-old individuals was very high with a distribution ranging from 92 X 10(4) to 119 X 10(4). PMID- 6519187 TI - Plasma progesterone concentrations during the estrous cycle, pregnancy, and lactation in the Chinese hamster, Cricetulus griceus. AB - From vaginal smear and histological observations, Chinese hamster (Cricetulus griseus) exhibited four day estrous cycles and had a gestation period of 20 days. The concentrations of progesterone fluctuated in a biphasic pattern during the estrous cycle with peak values at diestrus and proestrus. The levels of the hormone increased approximately threefold from day five to day eight of gestation, remained elevated until parturition, and then fell precipitously during lactation to levels on day zero of gestation. PMID- 6519188 TI - Morphological characteristics of the intestinal mucosa in the Afghan pika (Ochotona rufescens rufescens). AB - The intestinal mucosa of the pika was examined with the naked eyes, a light microscope and a scanning electron microscope and was compared with that of the rabbit. The duodenal mucosa of the rabbit showed wavy folds different from so called villi, while that of the pika exhibited leaf-like or columnar villi. In addition to the specific ileocecal lymphoid apparatuses, the pika had the peculiar region between the cecum and the proximal colon. That region called "the constricted portion" possessed characteristic net-arranged folds and well developed muscular layers. At the lateral surface of these folds, small villus like protrusions projected into the lumen in large numbers. The spiral fold ran around the mucosal surface of the rabbit cecum, whereas numerous slender protrusions, cecal digitations, projected into the lumen of the pika cecum. Although the colon of the pika showed a similar external figure to that of the rabbit, some differences were obviously found in histological structures. The first segment of the pika proximal colon with three teniae possessed several protrusions and well-developed mucous glands, while that of the rabbit had neither protrusions nor mucous glands. The second segment of the pika proximal colon with one tenia was covered with numerous villus-like protrusions, while that of the rabbit was composed of wart-like protrusions. The tubular mucous glands were observed in the lamina propria of the pika as well as the rabbit. The distal colon of the pika showed a flat mucosal surface and possessed tubular mucous glands as observed in the rabbit. PMID- 6519189 TI - Gross anatomy of Watase's shrew, Crocidura horsfieldi watasei. AB - The Watase's shrew (Crocidura horsfieldi watasei) which is a native in the Nansei Islands in Japan, is one of the smallest mammalian species with 5-8 g of the body weight. Both males and females were caught in the field of the Amami Islands, and their internal organs in the thoracic and abdominal cavities were examined under the dissecting microscope and by the serial cross sections method. In comparison with the musk shrew belonging to the same subfamily Crocidurinae, the following features were basically similar; very short intestine in comparison with the body length, the absence of cecum, and the structure of the genital organs. Besides, the following were different; the small sized body, the small sized spleen compared with the body weight, and the cardiac glands limited in the end of the esophagus. PMID- 6519190 TI - Scanning electron microscopy of celluloid replicas of the penile spines of the domestic cat. AB - Using scanning electron microscopy of celluloid impressions the feline penile spines in the adult and after castration were studied. A solution of celluloid in a mixture of amyl acetate was placed on the glans. The replica thus obtained was coated with gold in an ion-spatter coater, and observed under a scanning electron microscope (JSM-1). The structure of the penile spines and fine arrangement of superficial cells of the epidermis could be observed three-dimensionally. Since the penile spines are the only known external indicators of the level of male hormone in cats, and since their fine structure can be observed without excising the penile skin, this simple method can be applied for diagnosis of fertility of the male cat. PMID- 6519191 TI - [Influence of repeated oscillation stress in rats]. AB - The influence of two weeks of repeated oscillation stress on rats was investigated. Organ weights, liver glycogen, adrenal ascorbic acid, hematological and serum biochemical analysis and maximum contraction of vas deferens induced by noradrenaline were measured. In stress-loaded rats, body weight fell to 85-90% compared with control rats. Atrophy of the thymus and hypertrophy of the adrenals were found in stress-loaded rats. Hematological and serum biochemical findings revealed that white blood cells and blood glucose decreased, but NEFA increased significantly. Serum sodium increased, but potassium decreased. Maximum contraction of vas deferens induced by noradrenaline was potentiated in stress loaded rats. The other findings did not differ from those of controls. From these results, it is suggested that the stress-loaded rat shows some abnormalities, but may adapt partially to stress. PMID- 6519192 TI - [Estimation of inhalation volume in rats]. AB - The present study was carried out to develop the inhalation system possible to measure the respiratory volume in rats during the inhalation. The conventional body plethysmography was confirmed to be able to measure the respiratory volume of anesthetized rats accurately. Consequently, this method made it possible to measure the respiratory volume of rats during the inhalation studies by using animal restraint holders combined with the inhalation chamber as body plethysmography boxes. The practical availability of this inhalation system was proved in the inhalation studies of latex particles, in which the number of particles inhaled by each rat could be estimated by measuring the air concentration of latex particles as well as the respiratory volume of each animal. PMID- 6519193 TI - Spontaneous calcified tongue lesions in DBA mice. AB - Large numbers of spontaneously occurring polypoid or slightly elevated lesions were observed in the tongue, mainly the dorsum linguae near the margo linguae, of DBA mice. Histologically the lesion consisted of granulation tissue with focal calcification, and involved superficially the tongue muscle. Often the calcareous deposits were encircled by multinuclear giant cells. The frequency of the calcified tongue lesion was high in lines of DBA/2 (DBA/2NCrj, DBA/2NJcl and DBA/2J), and DBA/1 (DBA/1Jcl and DBA/1J); the SM/J, BALB/c, C57BL/6 and C3H/He strains did not have the lesion. Among hybrid mice, CDF1, a hybrid of DBA/2 and BALB/c, a few had the lesions but no BDF1 mice, a hybrid of DBA/2 and C57BL/6, had any. The frequency was high in the hybrids of DBA/1 and SM/J. These results seem to indicate that the occurrence of the tongue calcified lesions was controlled by polygene. PMID- 6519194 TI - Characterization of collagen from normal human sclera. AB - Human scleral tissue contains approximately 50% collagen by weight, consisting predominantly of type I collagen. There is little or no evidence for the presence of substantial quantities of type II, type III or other collagen types. There appears to be no difference in either collagen content or genetic type in sclera between adult and juvenile tissues or between anterior and posterior segments of the sclera, although, with increased age there is a marked increase both in the extent of glycosylation of the collagen and its resistance to solubilization by treatment with pepsin. PMID- 6519195 TI - Postnatal mirex cataractogenesis in rats: lens cation balance, growth and histology. AB - The effects of lactational mirex exposure on postnatal lens cation balance, lens growth and histology were examined in this study. Pregnant Long Evans rats were allowed to give birth, and litters were culled to eight individuals. Dams were intubated with 10 mg kg-1 day-1 mirex on days 1-4 postpartum. Pups were killed at 6-14 days of age, and lenses were removed, examined for opacities, weighed, and assayed for K+ and Na+ concentrations. Cataracts occurred in 71.0% of all treated litters and 58.1% of all treated individuals. Histologically, lenses from treated pups showed anterior and posterior cortical vacuoles by 8 days of age, greatly swollen lens fibers by 10 days of age, and areas of cell degeneration by 12-14 days of age. Lens K+:Na+ ratios were lower in treated groups on days 8-14 after birth, in both clear and cataractous lenses, and cataractous lenses were significantly higher in water content. Lens:eye weight ratios were not affected. The results of this study indicate that mirex-induced postnatal cataracts are due to lens degeneration subsequent to fiber cells swelling. PMID- 6519196 TI - Mononuclear and IgA-containing cells in the lacrimal gland of germ-free and conventional rats. AB - Mononuclear cells in the lacrimal (exorbital) glands of five germ-free, five ex germ-free, and five age-matched conventional rats were counted by light microscopy. Tissues from these rats were also examined by electron microscopy. IgA-containing plasma cells were counted by immunofluorescence microscopy in the lacrimal glands of five germ-free and five conventional rats. The median number (and range) of mononuclear cells per ten high-power fields was 25 (14-28) in germ free rats, 33 (32-43) in ex-germ-free rats, and 41 (36-50) in conventional rats. The median number (and range) of IgA-containing plasma cells per ten high-power fields was two (0-5) in germ-free and 44 (29-72) in conventional rats. The differences in the numbers of mononuclear cells in the lacrimal glands of germ free as compared with ex-germ-free and with conventional rats were statistically significant (P less than 0.004). The difference between the numbers of IgA containing plasma cells in germ-free as compared with conventional rats was also statistically significant (P less than 0.004). Electron microscopy revealed that the mononuclear cells in all groups of rats consisted of macrophages and lymphocytes. These observations suggest that the number of mononuclear cells, and particularly IgA-containing plasma cells, in the rat lacrimal gland can be increased by systemic and/or local immunologic stimulation. PMID- 6519197 TI - Aqueous humour glucose concentration in cataract patients and its effect on the lens. AB - The glucose concentrations of the blood plasma and aqueous humour were measured in 56 cataract patients. The sodium concentration and colour of the lenses were determined after extraction. The mean plasma and aqueous glucose levels were 5.8 and 3.2 mM respectively in non-diabetic patients, while the values for diabetics were 14.2 and 7.8 mM. The sodium concentration of the lenses from non-diabetic patients appeared to consist of two distributions around 30 and 170 mM, corresponding to nuclear and cortical cataracts respectively. Only two lenses from the non-diabetic patients had sodium concentrations in the range 60-120 mM. In diabetic patients, however, 80% of the extracted lenses had sodium concentrations in this intermediate range. The data indicate that the osmotic stresses induced in the lenses of diabetic and non-diabetic patients are different. The diabetic lenses were also distributed in the middle range when nuclear colour was graded on a scale from I to V, while normal lenses were again normally distributed at either end of the scale. PMID- 6519198 TI - Identification of some plasma membrane proteins of cultured rat pigment epithelial cells by labeling with 125I. AB - Cultured rat retinal pigment epithelial (PE) cells were labeled with 125I by lactoperoxidase (LPO)-catalyzed radioiodination. Examination of 125I-labeled cells by electron microscopic autoradiography suggested that 125I was incorporated into proteins at both the apical and basal surfaces of the PE cells, and into the extracellular matrix (ECM). Analysis of labeled cells by SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and autoradiography showed that 125I was incorporated into at least 15 polypeptides. In order to determine which of these labeled proteins were derived from the plasma membrane. 125I-labeled cells were subjected to differential detergent extraction. Triton X-100 (2% v/v), which removed the cell plasma membrane, solubilized only three of the labeled proteins (152 000, 138 000, 123 000 daltons). SDS (0.25% w/v) completely removed cells from the tissue culture dish and solubilized all but four of the labeled proteins (225 000, 173 000, 87 000 and 72 100 daltons). When 125I-labeled PE cells were mechanically disrupted, and the resulting cell fractions separated by sucrose density gradient centrifugation, labeled proteins separated into two subcellular fractions. One fraction was especially enriched in the 152 000, 138 000 and 123 000 dalton labeled proteins, in addition to the plasma membrane marker enzymes Na+, K+-ATPase, and alkaline phosphodiesterase I. The second fraction was enriched in the 225 000, 196 000 and 173 000 dalton labeled proteins, the ECM proteins laminin and fibronectin, and the 43 000 actin band . It is proposed that 125I-labeled proteins in the former cell fraction are truly plasma membrane proteins, while those found in the latter cell fraction are a mixture of 125I labeled ECM and basal plasma membrane proteins. The 152 000, 138 000 and 123 000 dalton labeled proteins of the plasma membrane fraction are glycoproteins and become firmly anchored to the Triton X-100 insoluble cytoskeleton when labeled cells are treated with concanavalin A. PMID- 6519199 TI - Dark-induced cone outer segment damage in the neon tetra (Paracheirodon innesi). AB - The outer segment of the twin cones of the neon tetra show scrolling and vesiculation when exposed to 36 hr of continuous darkness. This disruption first begins as a rolling of the margins of the cone lamellae and proceeds to form a complex pattern of scrolls and vesicles. There is evidence that this damage can be repaired without having to return the animals to a normal light regime. Similar lamellar disruptions have been seen in the outer segments of both rods and cones of other species that have been exposed to various other light regimes including constant light. PMID- 6519200 TI - Endotoxin-induced uveitis in the rat: observations on altered vascular permeability, clinical findings, and histology. AB - A single intraperitoneal dose of endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide or LPS) induces an acute inflammatory response in the uveal tract of rats. This inflammation is characterized by a breakdown of the blood/aqueous barrier within 3 hr after the LPS and the subsequent development of clinical disease and a cellular infiltrate. Early change in vascular permeability, clinical, and pathological changes were dose dependent with the two highest doses (100 micrograms or 500 micrograms) producing more severe pathology. Clinical and histopathologic abnormalities peaked at 24 hr and were resolving by 48 hr. Although clinical and histologic changes correlated well, the degree of breakdown of the blood/aqueous barrier at 3 hr failed to predict the extent of the cellular exudate measured by either clinical or histologic criteria. In addition, pharmacologic suppression of the early vascular permeability changes with indomethacin, cyproheptadine, or both agents failed to protect the animals consistently from subsequently developing significant clinical disease or cellular infiltrates on histopathology. LPS induced uveitis in the rat provides a simple, reproducible model for ocular inflammation without requiring direct eye manipulation. The mediators responsible for the early vascular permeability in this model appear to be distinct from the mediators primarily responsible for the subsequent cellular exudate. PMID- 6519201 TI - Interpretation of some specular microscopical images of insulted corneal endothelium by scanning electron microscopy. AB - The interpretation of clinical specular microscopical images of abnormal corneal endothelium remains a problem in many instances when the relief mode is negative. This is primarily because different cellular changes occurring simultaneously present similar appearances. In this paper is compiled a number of specular images of small, dark (non-reflecting) cell changes in the endothelium which resemble one another and clinical examples, that have been induced in rabbit eyes by various means. Specific cells showing these changes have been relocated by scanning electron microscopy and orientated to match specular photomicrographs taken before fixation. This has allowed precise comparison of their specular and scanning electron microscopical appearances and the interpretation of the former by the latter. It is found that reversible changes are expressed as an excess of microvilli on the cells and minor inclination of the posterior cell membrane from the perpendicular with the axis of the microscope, and irreversible changes are due to cell fragmentation or total loss with exposure of Descemet's membrane to the aqueous humour. Re-examination of specular photomicrographs with this knowledge in mind indicates that very subtle differences in the specular images often betray the true nature of the cell change. An exception to the rule is included. PMID- 6519202 TI - Computed tomography of aqueous humour outflow pathways. AB - The anterior chamber of adult Rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) was perfused with a radio-opaque contrast medium (Amipaque; mol. wt 789 daltons) at controlled intraocular pressure (IOP), and its subsequent distribution examined by computed tomography. In the living monkey no contrast medium was detectable outside the anterior chamber, even after prolonged (8 hr) perfusion. However, if the animal was then killed, and the IOP maintained artificially at its previous level, opacity appeared immediately throughout the anterior segment. Subsequent scans showed the contrast medium to diffuse into the anterior orbital tissues, and to move posteriorward through the globe wall and extraocular muscles. None entered the vitreous body and very little progressed behind the point at which the extraocular muscles exited from Tenon's capsule. Elevation of IOP did not appear to accelerate this posterior diffusion. It is inferred that in vivo contrast medium passing into the posterior, non-conventional aqueous drainage pathway is cleared immediately by the circulating blood in the uvea and possibly also the extraocular muscle. Tenon's capsule may provide a barrier to further intra orbital diffusion. PMID- 6519203 TI - A role for glutathione and glutathione reductase in control of corneal hydration. AB - We have assessed the importance of the glutathione redox system of the corneal endothelial cells in the control of stromal hydration. The ability of freshly isolated corneas to maintain normal hydration during perfusion, while the activity of glutathione reductase was inhibited with 1.3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1 nitrosourea (BCNU), was tested under a number of conditions. BCNU at 125 microM led to mild swelling and at 500 microM to more severe swelling. Swelling was also severe when 50 microM H2O2 was added together with 125 microM BCNU. The concentration of total glutathione (GSH + GSSG) in the endothelia of these corneas was decreased and the fraction found in the oxidized form was higher than in controls without BCNU. Glutathione reductase activity was inhibited in the perfused endothelia by 90%. With the addition of 0.5 mM GSSG during perfusion, swelling due to 125 microM BCNU was at a slightly lower rate and reductase activity was inhibited only 79%. Complete protection was afforded against 125 microM BCNU induced swelling by 1.0 mM GSH, corneas maintaining normal thickness for over 4 hr. The endothelial surface of the perfused corneas was shown by scanning electron microscopy to be little disturbed by the low concentration of BCNU, but at high concentration, or with H2O2 added, the cells were collapsed and had a heavily pitted appearance. We conclude that when the cornea is under oxidative stress (e.g. in the presence of H2O2) a rapid turnover of endothelial GSH via glutathione reductase and the hexose monophosphate shunt is required. Under conditions of less stress, the reduced need for GSH to counteract oxidative threats can be supplied either exogenously or by the partially inhibited reductase. PMID- 6519204 TI - Electrical potential, resistance, and fluid secretion across isolated ciliary body. AB - Rabbit ciliary epithelium was mounted with the sclera and lens still attached. The potential measured in physiological bathing medium was 1.29 +/- 0.18 mV initially, but dropped to 0.66 +/- 0.34 mV, then became stable for 2 hr or more. The resistance of the epithelium was measured by comparing total trans-tissue resistance before and after treatment with Triton X-100, ethanol, or distilled water. The calculated resistance with correction for epithelial surface area was found to be 1504 +/- 452 omega, in six experiments. Fluid secretion was measureable against a hydrostatic gradient when identical solutions bathed both sides of the preparation. Ouabain caused opposite responses when applied to either side of the preparation, indicating that it does not readily cross the epithelial barrier. The evidence presented suggests that the ciliary epithelium is a 'tight' rather than a 'leaky' epithelium, and that fluid secretion in the normal ciliary epithelium occurs by active transport rather than by ultrafiltration. PMID- 6519205 TI - Plasma testosterone levels are higher in old mating rats than in old non-mating rats. AB - About one-half of 96 aged rats mated at 20 months of age. Their plasma LH and prolactin concentrations were similar to those in non-mating old rats, but their plasma testosterone concentrations were significantly higher. Exogenous testosterone administration failed to change the sexual status of the non-mating group. PMID- 6519206 TI - Unique increase of superoxide dismutase level in brains of long living mammals. AB - A possible involvement of superoxide dismutase (SOD) level in determination of mammal's lifespan was examined by comparing six different enzyme levels including SOD in brains of eleven mammalian species of different lifespans. When the specific activities of the enzymes were plotted against lifespans on a linear scale, no or weak negative correlations were observed for all enzymes studied except SOD, which revealed positive correlation. The uniqueness of the SOD level suggests that it is one of the enzymes which evolved together with lifespans. It would contribute to long lifespan through protection against oxygen toxicity. PMID- 6519207 TI - Euploidization of human hepatocytes from donors of different ages and both sexes compared with those from cases of Werner's syndrome and progeria. AB - Quantitative cytochemical studies of ploidy values for mono- and bi-nucleate hepatocytes from human livers of individuals from 15 weeks to 80 years of age, confirm earlier reports that the main ploidy shifts occur at 6-7 years, puberty and 21 years of age. In addition, the pattern of ploidy increase is similar to that described for other mammals. Ploidy values obtained for hepatocytes from two patients with Werner's Syndrome are in excess of those from livers of normal individuals of similar age. In contrast, ploidy values from the liver of a single case of Hutchinson-Gilford Syndrome were similar to those from children of a similar age group. PMID- 6519208 TI - Experimental tumors and aging: local factors that may account for the observed age advantage in the B16 murine melanoma model. AB - In the B16 murine melanoma model tumor growth has been shown to be slower in animals of advanced age. One feature associated with this slower growth has been prominent fibrosis demonstrated in biopsies of the tumor in older animals. We have performed experiments to examine the fibrotic response in young and old mice. In non-tumor bearing animals the capacity to regain skin strength after surgical laceration and healing by primary intention was greater in old mice. Histologic preparations suggested a more prominent fibrosis at the wound site. The animals who were injected subcutaneously with B16 melanoma and treated with L 3,4-dehydroproline (an inhibitor of collagen synthesis) local tumor growth was significantly enhanced only for the old animals. Although this inhibition of collagen synthesis produced a differential growth enhancement, there remained a significant difference in tumor volume between young and old animals. We conclude that fibrogenesis is an important host defense for containing local tumor growth and that this mechanism is preserved if not enhanced in mice of advanced age. Nevertheless other factors are needed to account completely for the observed age advantage in the B16 melanoma model. PMID- 6519210 TI - Aging changes in the heart of a poeciliid fish, the guppy Poecilia reticulatus. AB - Histological surveys of the hearts of guppies Poecilia reticulatus throughout their lifespan showed no aging changes until the fish were three years old. In younger fishes the hearts were healthy, even in three individuals with "wasting" disease, where there was considerable loss of muscle throughout the body. There was a loss of muscle fibers in the ventricle in old fish, and deposition of collagen in the bulbus arteriosus. Guppies of three years and older also had a marked accumulation of melanomacrophages in the atrium. It seems unlikely that degeneration of the heart is involved in mortality of guppies in the wild. PMID- 6519209 TI - Age- and genotype-dependent differences in catecholamine concentrations in the porcine caudate nucleus. AB - Catecholamine concentrations of the caudate nucleus were determined by radioenzymatic assay in stress-susceptible and stress-resistant pigs at five different ages. Dopamine concentrations increased with age up to the time of puberty and declined thereafter in both genotypes of pigs. Generally, epinephrine concentrations increased with increasing age in both genotypes of pigs. Norepinephrine concentrations remained relatively constant for all ages of pigs except the oldest pigs. For most age groups, dopamine concentrations were lower in pigs of stress-susceptible genotype than in stress-resistant genotype. PMID- 6519212 TI - Drug responses in aged animals. PMID- 6519211 TI - The effect of dietary methionine on the copper content of tissues and survival of young and old mice. AB - We tested the possibility that methionine might improve the lifespan of male C57BL/6J mice, based upon the ability of methionine to chelate copper. Old mice given 0.05M methionine in their drinking water for 42 days had lower brain copper concentrations (p less than 0.05). The decrease in liver, kidney, and heart copper was not significant when compared to unsupplemented controls. The lifespan of old mice was unchanged by feeding 0.05M methionine. Young mice, however, experienced a 16.9% decrease in their average lifespan and a decreased maximum lifespan when given supplemental methionine. We conclude that dietary supplements of methionine may be useful for removing copper from the brain but they also can increase the rate of senescence in mice. PMID- 6519213 TI - Erythrapheresis compared with placebo apheresis in patients with polycythaemia secondary to hypoxic lung disease. AB - We have assessed the effects of erythrapheresis, a method of isovolaemic haemodilution, and placebo apheresis in 10 patients with polycythaemia secondary to chronic hypoxic lung disease (Mean PaO2 7.2kPa (54 mm Hg]. The mean packed cell volume decreased from 0.60 to 0.48, with significant decreases in blood viscosity at both high and low shear rates (p less than 0.001). The 6-min walking distance improved after erythrapheresis with no significant placebo effect of the procedure compared to control subjects (p less than 0.01). Erythrapheresis is a safe procedure for packed cell volume reduction. It is associated with clinical improvement and there is no demonstrable placebo effect on exercise tolerance. PMID- 6519214 TI - Serum-mediated stimulation and inhibition of neutrophil locomotion in sarcoidosis. AB - Chemotactic and chemokinetic activity was studied in sera from 57 patients with various stages of sarcoidosis. Reduced chemotactic activity was observed in 39% of the sera, mainly in sera from patients with parenchymal densities on chest radiographs. Increased chemokinetic activity was noted in more than one third of the fresh sarcoid sera. Asymptomatic patients showed higher chemokinetic activity in their sera than patients with symptoms. The presence of heat-stable chemokinetic inhibitors was suggested in one third of the cases. No relationship was found between these inhibitors and the inhibitors of neutrophil phagocytosis previously demonstrated in sarcoid sera. Although many of the findings show minor differences to those of normal sera, the liability in sarcoidosis to produce a variety of inhibitors directed against various functions of neutrophils would theoretically hamper the elimination of putative antigens. The presence of serum mediated stimulation and inhibition of neutrophil locomotion could be significant for the pathogenesis of the disease. PMID- 6519215 TI - Spirometric indices in the assessment of laryngeal obstruction. AB - To determine if spirometric indices allow detection and quantification of a laryngeal obstruction, we obtained oro-laryngeal airway resistance (Ro1) and several spirometric indices in 43 patients with various laryngeal diseases. Assuming Ro1 greater than or equal to 0.2 kPa/(1/s) to imply a laryngeal obstruction, the highest sensitivity was found for FIV1 = 2.0 1 (forced inspiratory volume in one second) being about 84% at a specificity of about 88%. The highest correlation coefficients (r = 0.72-0.83) were obtained between Ro1 and MIF50/MEF50 (the ratio between maximum expiratory and inspiratory flow at 50% of vital capacity) and between I/Ro1, and PIF (peak inspiratory flow), MIF50 and FIV1. In conclusion spirometric indices allow detection of a laryngeal obstruction in the majority of cases, but do not appear adequate for a quantitative assessment in an individual patient. PMID- 6519216 TI - Left-sided large tumour. PMID- 6519217 TI - Fibrosing alveolitis associated with amiodarone. AB - We report a patient with fibrosing alveolitis associated with amiodarone therapy. Review of the literature suggests that amiodarone induced pulmonary disease generally occurs on a maintenance dose of at least 400 mg of amiodarone daily; there is however a wide range in the duration of therapy or total dose administered prior to presentation. PMID- 6519218 TI - Interstitial pneumopathy and low-dosage amiodarone. AB - In a 61-year-old man receiving chronic low-dosage amiodarone an interstitial pneumopathy was observed. In the absence of other causes, we suspected an adverse reaction to amiodarone, not least because of the similarity with histologic findings of cases previously reported. Drug withdrawal and cortisone administration led to resolution of the disease. PMID- 6519219 TI - The effect of contrast and spatial frequency on the visual evoked potential of the hooded rat. AB - Transient and steady-state visual evoked potentials, obtained with counterphase modulated grating patterns, were recorded through chronically implanted electrodes in lightly anesthetized and unanesthetized hooded rats. As a function of spatial frequency, the latency of the major positive wave (P1) of the transient VEP was minimal with a 0.1 cycles per degree (cpd) grating as stimulus. The amplitude of the P1-N2 component remained constant from 0.04 to 0.20 cpd and then decreased with higher spatial frequencies. The function relating amplitude of steady-state VEP to spatial frequency at high contrast depended on temporal frequency: It had a band-pass form at 5.0 Hz and a low-pass form at 8.4 Hz. As a function of contrast, the latency of the P1 wave linearly decreased and its amplitude increased with increments of contrast up to 55%. The contrast function of the amplitude of the second harmonic of the steady-state VEP (8.4 Hz) showed two linear segments: one for low contrasts with a shallow slope and one for high contrasts with a steep slope, suggesting two distinct contrast mechanisms. PMID- 6519220 TI - Single cell activity in area 18 of the cat's visual cortex during optokinetic nystagmus. AB - Single cell activity was recorded in area 18 during optokinetic nystagmus (OKN) in awake cats. The search coil technique was used to record the horizontal and vertical eye movements. Cells showing direction specific responses to a moving large area random dot pattern (70%) were tested with different velocities in the preferred and in the null-direction. Their response characteristics can be classified according to the two phases of the OKN. 41% responded specifically to the retinal slip velocity, having their response optimum at different values between 2 and 100 degrees/s. Additionally, in 60% of all tested cells the resetting saccades of the OKN were correlated with brief activity bursts of 39 ms latency on the average. These results are discussed in terms of two concepts: the classic concept of a corollary discharge from the oculomotor system and the concept of a gating function of the reticular system on thalamic and cortical transmission. PMID- 6519222 TI - Effects of neonatal and late unilateral enucleation on optokinetic responses and optic nerve projections in the rabbit. AB - Rabbits were unilaterally enucleated at the age of 0 or 21 days or at adult age. After survival times of 6-21 months optokinetic nystagmus (OKN) was measured and retinofugal connections were traced with anterograde transport of horseradish peroxidase or 3H leucine, injected into the eye. Non-enucleated animals served as controls. The asymmetry of monocular OKN in normal rabbits, characterized by a strong preference for pursuit of motion in the nasal (anterior) direction, was only slightly alleviated after enucleation. Responses to stimulation in the nasal direction were unchanged; responses to stimulation in the temporal direction showed modest improvements especially after enucleation at adult age and to a smaller degree after enucleation at 0 or 21 days. Redistribution of retinofugal fibers from the eye remaining after enucleation was very limited. Contralateral connections, including those to the lateral geniculate nucleus, showed a normal distribution. Of the ipsilateral connections, those to the lateral geniculate nucleus were normal in extent and density, while those to the superior colliculus were enhanced, in agreement with previous workers (Chow et al. 1973, 1981). Changes in ipsilateral pretectal projections were extremely small; particularly no connections to the nucleus of the optic tract were developed in any of the normal or enucleated animals. Of the accessory optic nuclei, the medial terminal nucleus received a very small ipsilateral projection in normal rabbits, which was markedly enhanced after enucleation especially at 0 and 21 days, but even at adult age. It is concluded that functional and anatomical plasticity of OKN circuits in the rabbit is very limited from the time of birth. PMID- 6519221 TI - Harmaline induced tremor. III. A combined simple units, horseradish peroxidase, and 2-deoxyglucose study of the olivocerebellar system in the rat. AB - Purkinje cells were recorded extracellularly and mapped in the cerebellar cortex of the rat under tremogenic doses of harmaline. Four different types of responses were encountered, of which two were considered as being responsible for the harmaline tremor. The latter had a regular firing pattern of complex spikes at 5 to 10 Hz and were mostly found in the vermis. Their number decreased in the more lateral region of the cerebellar cortex until they eventually disappeared. Horseradish peroxidase was injected into all the areas of the cerebellar cortex containing Purkinje cells with harmaline-induced activity. Labeled neurons were in all cases traced to the medial accessory olive. The metabolic activity of the inferior olive under harmaline was measured with 2-deoxyglucose. Increased labeling was only found in the medial accessory olive. Such an increase was demonstrated as being due to a direct effect of the drug on the inferior olivary neurons, indicating that the medial accessory olive is responsible for the harmaline tremor in the rat. Our results point out that, in the rat, there is an inverse relationship between serotoninergic innervation of a region in the inferior olivary nucleus and that with harmaline sensitivity, therefore a serotoninergic mechanism hypothesis for the harmaline tremor needs further investigation. PMID- 6519223 TI - Retinal projections to the pulvinar nucleus of the macaque monkey: a re investigation using autoradiography. AB - After a monocular injection of [3H]amino acid into the vitreous chamber of the eye, the distribution of retinal terminations in the pulvinar nucleus of the crab eating monkey and pigtail macaque was studied by autoradiography. Two groups of labeled terminals were found in the bilateral inferior pulvinar nuclei: one small, dense group was located in the most rostral part of the nuclei and the other, composed of a few small clusters of the labeled terminals, was observed over the medial zone of the middle portion. The terminals were slightly predominant in the contralateral nucleus. A small amount of silver grains showing labeled retinofugal fibers was found in the dorsal surface of the thalamus just medial to the stria terminalis contralateral to the injected site, but termination of these fibers could not be traced in this study. PMID- 6519225 TI - Geniculate orientation biases seen with moving sine wave gratings: implications for a model of simple cell afferent connectivity. AB - Orientation bias of cat dorsal lateral geniculate (LGN) neurones varied with the spatial frequency of a moving sine wave grating. At low spatial frequencies there was little orientation bias, whereas near the high-frequency limit, the dependence on orientation was marked. It is proposed that, if such cells were to drive the cortical inhibitory interneurones responsible for the orientation sensitivity of striate simple cells, it would explain many distinguishing features of cortical cells besides their orientation sensitivity. PMID- 6519224 TI - Projections from the superior colliculus to a region of the central mesencephalic reticular formation (cMRF) associated with horizontal saccadic eye movements. AB - Radioactive wheatgerm agglutinin (WGA) and horseradish peroxidase (HRP) were injected into portions of the mesencephalic reticular formation at sites where electrical stimulation induced either small or large contralateral horizontal saccadic eye movements. We have designated this region as the Central MRF (cMRF). It contains both cells and fiber tracts, including the efferent output of the superior colliculus (SC), destined for the dorsal tegmental decussation and the predorsal bundle. Cells labelled by WGA and HRP injections were found in the intermediate and deep layers of the superior colliculus and the adjacent central gray matter on the ipsilateral side. Injections into the dorsal cMRF, at sites where small saccades were induced, caused labelling of cells in the rostral intermediate layer of SC. Injections into the ventral cMRF, at points where large saccades were elicited, caused labelling of cells in the caudal intermediate layer of SC. The deepest layers of SC and the adjacent central gray were also labelled from the small eye movement region of dorsal cMRF. We interpret these findings to indicate that the intermediate layers of SC send axonal projections to the horizontal eye movement region of the MRF in a topographic fashion. The projection from the intermediate layer is organized so that regions in SC and cMRF related to small or to large eye movements are interconnected. The results support the hypothesis that cMRF is a topographically organized area, involved, like SC, in the control of eye movements. Since both cMRF and the superior colliculus project to areas of the pons and medulla where saccadic eye movements are produced, they could give rise to parallel pathways for the generation of contralateral saccades. PMID- 6519226 TI - Human express saccades: extremely short reaction times of goal directed eye movements. AB - Human subjects were asked to execute a saccade from a central fixation point to a peripheral target at the time of its onset. When the fixation point is turned off some time (approximately equal to 200 ms) before target onset, such that there is a gap where subjects see nothing, the distribution of their saccadic reaction times is bimodal with one narrow peak around 100 ms (express saccades) and another peak around 150 ms (regular saccades) measured from the onset of the target. Express saccades have been described earlier for the monkey. PMID- 6519228 TI - Transient projections from the fronto-parietal and temporal cortex to areas 17, 18 and 19 in the kitten. AB - Using the retrograde tracers, fast blue and horseradish peroxidase we have shown the presence of projections from extensive regions of the frontoparietal and temporal cortex to areas 17, 18 and 19 in the newborn kitten. These projections are transitory as they do not exist in the adult cat. The anterograde transport of horseradish peroxidase conjugated with wheat germ agglutinin after injections in frontoparietal and temporal cortex revealed that these transitory projections terminate in the gray matter and that they could therefore play a functional role in the development of the visual cortex. PMID- 6519227 TI - Proteins synthesized in medial hypothalamus and transported to midbrain in estrogen-treated female rats. AB - Results on the anatomy of ventromedial hypothalamic outputs, together with the temporal aspects of electrophysiological studies, predict that for reproductive behavior control sex steroids alter hypothalamic protein synthesis and transport of proteins to the dorsal midbrain. We have studied labeled proteins arriving in the dorsal midbrain after local microinjection of tritiated amino acids to the ventromedial hypothalamus. Estrogen treated and control ovariectomized female rats are significantly different in this respect, and in particular some proteins appear to be synthesized or transported in greater amounts in the estrogen treated animals. Physical characterization of these proteins and comparisons under a variety of endocrine conditions will suggest whether their synthesis could be part of the mechanism by which ovarian steroids affect behavior. PMID- 6519229 TI - Inputs from the olfactory bulb and olfactory cortex to the entorhinal cortex in the cat. II. Physiological studies. AB - Field potentials and unit activity elicited by electrical stimulation of the olfactory bulb (OB) and anterior and posterior prepiriform cortex (PPCa and PPCp) were measured extracellularly in the entorhinal cortex (EC) of the cat. Different topographic distributions of the amplitude and peak latency of average evoked potentials (AEPs) were obtained depending on the stimulated area. The maximal evoked activity in the EC showed a gradient in a latero-medial direction with the extremes corresponding to the stimulation of OB and PPCp respectively. Analysis of firing patterns of units in the EC in response to stimulation of the OB, PPCa and PPCp showed that an appreciable number of units responded to stimulation of different areas, mainly PPCa and PPCp. It was found that the pathways being stimulated differed in conduction velocities with the PPCp-EC being the slowest. Most responding units lay in layer I and II of the EC. The AEPs to PPCa- and PPCp stimulation presented different types of depth profiles. Stimulation of the PPCa evoked an initial surface-negative depth-positive potential whereas the PPCp evoked a different type of AEP with an initial positive component at the surface and negative in depth. It is assumed that the stimulated fibres have their active synapses at different levels within the superficial layers of the EC. The possibility of direct influence of olfactory inputs on the hippocampus mediated by one synapse in the EC is discussed. PMID- 6519230 TI - Adaptation of postural control to weightlessness. AB - Adaptation of motor control to weightlessness was studied during a 7-day spaceflight. The maintenance of control of upright posture was examined during a voluntary raising movement of the arm and during the voluntary raising on tiptoe. In order to evaluate the contribution of visual cues, three types of visual situations were examined: normal vision, central vision, and without vision. On the basis of cinematographic and mechanographic data, the postural perturbations consecutive to the movement of a body part in conditions of weightlessness were found to be similar to those observed on earth. However, in weightlessness, in contrast to the ground-based situation, erectness of posture was maintained primarily due to the predominant contraction of the ankle flexor muscles. The sequences of postural leg muscle activity associated with the arm or foot movement were well structured and varied slightly in the course of the flight. In addition, the initial posture, that is the erect posture before the movement was executed, changed throughout the flight from an exaggerated oblique position to a terrestrial standing position. Visual information was preponderant at the beginning of the space mission for the recalibration of other sensory cues affected by weightlessness. The findings are indicative of two types of adaptation of the central program of posture regulation to weightlessness: fast, short-term adaptation, characterized by a quasi-instantaneous redistribution of motor commands between ankle flexors and extensors (an "operative process") and slow, long-term adaptation, exemplified by the loss of anticipatory activation of certain muscles by the end of the flight (a "conservative process"). PMID- 6519232 TI - Cat posture on a tilted platform. AB - The posture of cats trained to stand freely on a platform was studied during static tilts (up to +/- 30 degrees). Vertical projection of the center of mass on the support surface, as well as limb orientation in space and degree of limb flexion, varied minimally with platform tilt angle. The limbs' main axes were kept almost lined up with the vertical. This data indicates that postural control is simplified by strong internal constraints which limit the number of possible postural configurations. The mechanical advantages of this postural strategy are also considered. Finally, the data are discussed in the context of previously held views on the role of vestibular and neck reflex control of posture in intact animals. PMID- 6519231 TI - Receptive field sizes and responsiveness to light in area 18 of the adult cat after chiasmotomy. Postoperative evolution; role of visual experience. AB - Receptive field sizes to stimulation of the ipsilateral temporal retina were studied in area 18 of adult cats at different times after complete midsagittal section of the optic chiasm. A specific postoperative evolution could thus be noticed: immediately after section, the average area of the receptive fields was reduced, as compared to control preparations, owing to the disappearance of large fields located at more than 20 degrees of eccentricity. A progressive reappearance of these large fields occurred between 8 and 45 days after chiasmotomy, provided that the animal was placed in normal visual conditions during its postoperative period. No such recovery could be assessed after as long as 55 days, in animals kept in complete darkness after operation. Chiasmotomized cats also displayed a reduction of their percentage of light reactive cells with respect to controls, as expected from the suppression of the contralateral input. This percentage was at first very low and progressively increased, during postoperative recovery but again not when the animal had been kept in the dark. Finally, an increase of cells with "diffuse responses" was observed in the late postoperative recovery stage. This latter evolution also appeared to depend upon postoperative visual experience. On the other hand, no clear indication of an interhemispheric transfer could be obtained in these experiments, even at the 17 18 boundary. PMID- 6519233 TI - The effect of stimulus intensity on visual evoked potential estimates of interhemispheric transmission time. AB - Visual evoked potentials (VEPs) to bright or dim lateralised light flashes were recorded from homologous occipital and central sites. In a GO/NOGO reaction time task (Experiment 1) the latency of the N160 component of the VEP was found to be shorter from the contralateral hemisphere by approximately 16 ms at occipital sites, but only 3 ms centrally. In addition, there was a trend for the occipital contralateral latency advantage to increase with decreasing stimulus brightness. In Experiment 2 a wider intensity range and a simple visual reaction time task were employed. Contralateral N160 latency advantages were again found to be larger occipitally (approx 13 ms) than centrally (3 ms). Furthermore the occipital contralateral latency advantage was significantly increased at the lower stimulus intensity, while that from central sites remained constant. These data suggest that two types of interhemispheric relay can be distinguished-a sensory one recorded occipitally and a non-sensory one recorded from central sites. PMID- 6519234 TI - Representation of spatial details in textured patterns by cells of the cat striate cortex. AB - The ability of single cells to represent the spatial details of textured stimuli was investigated. Two complementary aspects of cell response were considered, the ability to discriminate fine stimulus details and the property of integration over wider areas of a structure to encode differences in mean luminance. Responses of simple and complex cells were distinct in some respects. Spatial discrimination: Simple cells would encode orientation of line arrays as long as individual line elements could be spatially resolved. By contrast, complex cells were able to distinguish the orientation of texture areas even when the individual lines of the stimulus were not resolved in their response. Threshold sensitivity for texture orientation was of the same order in both cell classes despite differences in receptive field size. Spatial integration: Complex cells responded to texture luminance differences of much coarser patterns than did simple cells. These responses, however, were not biased for contour orientation unless finer patterns were used. Only with very fine textures did responses become indistinguishable from those to uniform stimuli for both simple and complex cells. For complex cells, there was a smooth transition from resolution to fusion of spatial details with increasing structural density. Simple cells were insensitive to both detailed and global properties of a stimulus pattern over a wide range of texture density. Implications for alternative measures of visual acuity of single cells are discussed. PMID- 6519235 TI - Regional differences in cell density and cell genesis in the olfactory epithelium of the salamander, Ambystoma tigrinum. AB - The olfactory epithelium undergoes continuous regeneration. The present quantitative study uses tritiated thymidine autoradiography to investigate regional differences in the rate of olfactory epithelial cell genesis in the tiger salamander. There was a significant gradient in the incorporation of thymidine from the posterior to the anterior in the nasal cavity: the posterior epithelium underwent cell genesis much faster than the anterior. Additionally, the posterior epithelium was thinner and contained fewer cells than the anterior, although the proportions of receptor, supporting and basal cells remained about the same throughout the epithelium. After 5 or 20 days most of the labelled cells were found in the basal cell layer, although there were a few labelled supporting cells. This confirms observations in other species that there are two populations of dividing cells in the olfactory epithelium: the basal cells which give rise to receptor cells, and the supporting cells. The gradients in epithelial thickness, receptor cells, and the rate of cell genesis parallel a gradient in responsiveness to odorants observed in electrophysiological studies (Mackay-Sim et al. 1982; Mackay-Sim and Shaman 1984). The significance of these anatomical and physiological gradients is presently unclear. PMID- 6519236 TI - Contraceptive practice among American women, 1973-1982. AB - During the decade 1973-1982, use of oral contraceptives declined sharply among wives aged 15-44, although the total number of pill users did not decrease after 1979. This drop occurred in all groups of wives examined. At the same time, the prevalence of female contraceptive sterilization rose sharply; this increase occurred mainly among wives aged 35 and older and, of course, among all wives intending no more children. Among other subgroups of married women, the fall in pill use was complemented by a smaller rise in the use of barrier methods--the condom and diaphragm, in particular. The contraceptive status and method choices of never-married and previously married women differed sharply from those of wives as of 1982. Sexually active never-married women were less likely than married women to practice contraception and were more likely to choose the pill when they did. Previously married women were also less likely than wives to practice contraception but, when using a method, were more likely than either never-married or currently married users to depend on one of the more effective methods--sterilization, the pill or the IUD. PMID- 6519237 TI - Second-trimester abortions in the United States. AB - Late abortion remains a complex and difficult issue in the United States, where about 10 percent of all abortions are performed at 13 or more weeks' gestation. The reasons why women delay having abortions appear to be largely personal, and most are not amenable to public health intervention. Dilatation and evacuation (D&E) is the most frequently used method of second-trimester abortion, and the safest. Its greatest safety advantage lies in the 13-16-week-interval; for later abortions, D&E and instillation abortion have similar risks of complications and death. The rare instances in which an abortion procedure ends in a live birth represent the most controversial aspect of second-trimester abortion. However, trends toward abortions at earlier gestational ages, use of D&E and increased reliance on ultrasonography to confirm gestational age should reduce the frequency with which such events occur. Research in the area of midtrimester abortion should seek ways to reduce the need for such procedures, to improve their safety and to minimize the trauma of the experience for women. PMID- 6519238 TI - Contraception--the morning after. PMID- 6519239 TI - The effect of marital dissolution on contraceptive protection. AB - An analysis of data from the 1973 and 1976 National Surveys of Family Growth indicates that although marital disruption affects contraceptive practice, the patterns of contraceptive behavior among separated women who remain sexually active are very similar to those of women who remain married. Women about to separate rely less on barrier methods than do continuously married women, and this pattern persists after separation. It is likely that coitus-related methods are less frequently used because they require cooperation between the spouses. In addition, coitus-related methods are probably used less after separation because these methods are less effective, and unintended pregnancies are less desirable in the intermarital or postseparation period. As might be expected, both before and after separation, women who experience marital dissolution are less likely than the continuously married to be sexually active. The difference is greater after separation, but the major finding is the similarity of separated and continuously married women with respect to both coitus and contraceptive protection. PMID- 6519241 TI - A consultation method addressing the therapist-family system. AB - This article discusses a method of unlocking a therapeutic system from recursive, cyclical, "more of the same" struggles. Special attention is paid to the therapist-client system relationship as the unit of observation. PMID- 6519240 TI - Teenage childbearing and welfare: preventive and ameliorative strategies. AB - The results of seven computer simulations suggest that strategies to prevent teenage childbearing may be more effective in reducing the number of young women who require welfare assistance than are strategies to improve the circumstances of teenagers who have already given birth. The first simulation constitutes a baseline projection, in which current levels and patterns of adolescent childbearing are assumed to continue to 1990. Three "preventive" simulations assume that no births or fewer births occur among teenagers during the projection period; and three "ameliorative" simulations assume that changes occur in the completed family size, marriage rate and educational attainment of teenage childbearers. Compared with the baseline projection, the three preventive strategies are estimated to reduce by 22-48 percent the number of adolescent childbearers who, as 20-24-year-olds in 1990, will be receiving welfare payments; the three ameliorative strategies cause only a 6-12 percent drop. The strategy with the least impact is the education scenario, in which adolescent mothers are assumed to be no more likely to drop out of school than are other comparable teenagers. The primary reason for the surprisingly small effect appears to be the relatively low earnings of women--even when they are high school graduates. All of the experimental scenarios tested, however, bring about at least some reduction in projected government spending for the three major public assistance programs considered (Aid to Families with Dependent Children, Medicaid and Food Stamps). PMID- 6519242 TI - Changing teams/changing families. AB - A therapist's view of the nature of change and the processes of changing directly influences what the therapist does clinically. This essay describes how we have moved our clinical practice closer to our epistemological premises about the processes of change. For us, one key element in initiating the processes of therapeutic change is the introduction of randomness into the system. In our view, the system under consideration is the family-system plus the therapist (team)-system, and the random can be introduced anywhere in that suprasystem. Therefore, changing the therapy team can promote changing the family's problematic pattern. PMID- 6519243 TI - Symptom utilization in strategic therapy. AB - Five techniques of symptom utilization have been presented in an interactional strategic approach. They are: utilization of peers, utilization of the desire to grow up, utilization of personal ambition and future expectations, utilization of an antagonistic relationship, and utilization of sibling rivalry. Emphasis is placed on helping the therapist develop a way of thinking to approach difficult problems. PMID- 6519244 TI - The resurrection of a magical reality: treatment of functional migraine in a child. AB - A magical world view and logic were used in the treatment of a 10-year-old girl who was referred because of suicidal threats due to migrainous pain. The treatment consisted of a one-session intervention with three-week, six-month, and one-year follow-up indicating elimination of migraine. Within a strategic family therapy, a magical ritual was prescribed that derived from the preoperational logic explicated by Piaget and from the healing practices described in anthropological studies. Such a ritual casts the symptom in a different context, alters the meaning of migraine to the family system, and leads to different interactional patterns. Piaget's theory and anthropological data are discussed as sources of a magical world view to help families and children disengage from a symptomatic system of interactions. PMID- 6519245 TI - How really real is real? AB - This paper takes issue with a number of family therapists who appear to hold that reality is entirely constructed out of our beliefs and that different views of reality can only be discriminated between on the basis of their usefulness for a particular purpose. Rather this paper argues for a co-constructivist position, that is, that the knower's beliefs and constructs are in an interpenetrating relationship with reality and that different views of reality can be discriminated between on the basis of their adequacy in describing that reality and that it is this adequacy that will determine their usefulness. These issues are not just of theoretical interest but have important implications for the practice of therapy. PMID- 6519247 TI - Family boundary ambiguity: a new variable in family stress theory. AB - The variable, degree of family boundary ambiguity, is increasingly being used in family research to describe and predict the effects of family membership loss and change over time. Boundary ambiguity is defined as the family not knowing who is in and who is out of the system. The family may perceive a physically absent member as psychologically present or a physically present member as psychologically absent. In either case, the family boundary is ambiguous. This review is presented to clarify the meaning of boundary ambiguity and to explore its scope and application as a variable. We focus here on (a) the process of theory development, inductive and deductive, by which the construct of boundary ambiguity was identified and validated as a continuous variable within family stress theory; (b) the historical antecedents of the construct; and (c) the interrelationships of the variable with other factors related to stressed families. PMID- 6519246 TI - Process and strategy in network therapy. AB - The following article presents a new methodology in network therapy. It describes the network therapy process from the referral and assessment of a client-system, through sessions held, to the concluding follow-up. The three stages of convening, connecting, and shifting the locus of control from the therapeutic team to the network are discussed. Various strategies and case material are described. PMID- 6519248 TI - Structural complexity and the quality of stepfather-stepchild relationships. AB - This research examined the effects of structural complexity and sex of stepchild on the quality of stepfather-stepchild relationships. Sixteen simple stepfather families (the wife had custody of a child from a previous marriage, but the stepfather has no biological children) and 16 complex stepfather families (the wife had custody of a child from a previous marriage, and the stepfather was a noncustodial biological parent) with half of each type (N = 8) having a male and half having a female, 9-12-year-old target child participated in a multimethod multimeasure assessment of the stepfather-stepchild relationship. Families were recruited from marriage license records, and data collection was accomplished in a single three-and-a-half-hour home visit. Dependent variables included: (a) questionnaire measures of love and detachment relationship dimensions independently obtained from parents, stepparents, and (step)children, and (b) proportions of positive and negative stepparent and stepchild communication behaviors derived from videotaped interaction tasks. Findings revealed that simple and complex stepfather families did not differ on any questionnaire or behavioral measures. Girls, however, engaged in a lower proportion of positive verbal and greater proportion of negative problem-solving behaviors toward their stepfathers than boys did. Stepfathers did not differ on proportions of communication behaviors emitted toward boys and girls. No sex-of-child differences were obtained on the questionnaire measures. Directions for future research on structural complexity and stepfather families are discussed. PMID- 6519249 TI - Shared parenting: an empirical analysis utilizing a large data base. AB - The shared parenting literature is replete with rhetoric and relatively bereft of empirical data. In an effort to redress the balance, this study presents the preliminary results of the questionnaire responses of 201 parents involved in a shared parenting arrangement. The findings are presented in six substantive areas. Discussion of these results stresses the viability of shared parenting as a custody option and the need to differentiate carefully between those for whom shared parenting is an appropriate custody option and those for whom it is contraindicated. PMID- 6519250 TI - The single-parent family: an author's reflection. AB - In view of the dramatic rise in the divorce rate, this paper proposes that separation and divorce be viewed as normal phases of the family life cycle and be reframed in positive terms, such as a couple "being ready for a new relationship" or children "being the lucky possessors of two families instead of one." It further makes a plea for more extensive family support services, with the goal of prevention and education rather than just amelioration of problems after they have become evident. PMID- 6519251 TI - [Information from the Soviet Toxicology Center]. PMID- 6519252 TI - [Effect of morphine on the change in the nociceptive and non-nociceptive evoked potentials in the orbitofrontal and secondary somatosensory areas of the cerebral cortex in different functional states]. AB - The effect of morphine on alterations in nociceptive and non-nociceptive evoked potentials (EP) elicited in the second somatosensory (S2) and orbito-frontal cortex of the brain was studied in acute experiments on cats. Administration of morphine in a dose of 5 mg/kg to the above-mentioned structures caused an increase in the amplitude of EP to non-nociceptive stimulation and a decrease of EP to nociceptive stimulation. Under alternate functional inactivation of the orbito-frontal cortex and S2 a unidirectional effect of the projection cortex on the associative orbito-frontal cortex was observed, manifested by a decrease of EP in the orbito-frontal cortex. Administration of morphine with the S2 cooled led to further decrease of EP followed by their restoration in the orbito-frontal cortex, in response to both nociceptive and non-nociceptive stimulation. Meanwhile administration of morphine, with the orbito-frontal cortex cooled, elicited the response in the S2 analogous to that observed after administration of morphine with intact orbito-frontal cortex: a decrease of EP to nociceptive stimulation and an increase of EP to non-nociceptive stimulation. It is suggested that the S2 plays an important role in control of nociceptive and non-nociceptive input to the CNS. PMID- 6519253 TI - [Characteristics of the oxytocin-reactive neurons of the limbic structures in the rat brain]. AB - Acute experiments on anesthesized rats were made to study the activity of the neurons of the limbic structures. Intravenous injection of oxytocin in a dose of 1 IU/kg entailed the reorganization of the background activity, bundle formation, repetition and reduction of impulses with different latent periods. PMID- 6519254 TI - [Effect of GABA and piracetam on cerebral circulation and the neurogenic mechanisms of its regulation]. AB - Resistography was applied in acute cat experiments to study the effects of GABA and piracetam on the neurogenic pressor vascular reactions of cerebral and hind limb vessels, induced by stimulation of bulbar structures (locus coeruleus field), of the cervical sympathetic and tibial nerves. GABA (50 mg/kg) and piracetam (100 mg/kg) reduced the central and reflex evoked contractions of the cerebral vessels but enhanced their reflex evoked reactions. A possible mechanism of such drug actions is discussed. PMID- 6519255 TI - [Pharmacological correction of disordered function of the myocardial contractile proteins]. AB - The ability of some drugs to normalize the disturbed interaction of myocardial contractile proteins with ATP determined by superprecipitation of myocyte actomyosin was studied in experimental allergic and caffeine-adrenaline-induced injury to the rabbit myocardium. Ethimizole (2.5 mg/kg) appeared the most effective, while isolanide (0.005 mg/kg), contrykal (500 Units/kg), propranolol (1 mg/kg) and amidopyrine (10 mg/kg) were less effective. The action of prednisolone (5 mg/kg) appeared especially demonstrable in allergic myocardial injury. PMID- 6519256 TI - [Effect of the quaternary ammonium salts of the monodisperse oligomers of conidine on a mast cell population]. AB - The authors studied the effect of mast cell population of a new group of synthetic heparin antagonists--quaternary ammonium salts of monodispersed conidine oligomers of different molecular masses and the effect of conidine monomer under the conditions of heparin neutralization and without preliminary administration of the anticoagulant. The conidine monomer was discovered to be a solitary compound that produced a significant shift of the mast cell population toward light forms. Administration of both conidine monomer and oligomers after the neutralization doses of heparin did not disturb the equilibrium of the mast cell population. At the same time no relationship was established between the changes in the status of labrocytes and molecular mass of conidine derivatives. Degranulation of mast cells remained significantly unchanged in all the series of experiments. PMID- 6519257 TI - [Effect of decane-1,10-bis[acetoxy-(N, N)-dimethyl-(N)-(diphenylmethoxy-2-ethyl) ammonium] dichloride on metabolism in white rats]. AB - Intramuscular injections of the title drug in a dose of 5 mg/kg (5% of the LD50) during 10 days produced in the liver and blood serum of white rats a decrease in the activity of glucokinase, succinate dehydrogenase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, glutathione reductase, ATPase and ceruloplasmin. The urea content in total phospholipids rose, whereas the content of triglycerides and hexosamine diminished. Ten and 20 days after the drug was discontinued the majority of these characteristics returned to normal. The activity of glucosophosphate isomerase, transketolase, glucose-6-phosphatase, fructose-1,6-diphosphatase and lactate dehydrogenase as well as the content of total cholesterol, free fatty acids, tyrosine, hydroxyproline, total protein, RNA and DNA remained unchanged. PMID- 6519258 TI - [Sulfanilamide binding and distribution in the liver cells of rats]. AB - Experiments on white noninbred rats were made to study the binding by isolated organoids and distribution in liver cells of etazole, norsulfazole, sulfamonomethoxine and sulfalene. The latter drug was found to be absorbed by organoids to the greatest degree. Drug complexes with organoids were discovered to be capable of dissociating with a partial release of unbound drug. Intracellular distribution of sulfanilamides is marked by their accumulation primarily by the nuclei and to a lesser degree by the mitochondria and microsomes. PMID- 6519259 TI - [Effect of difenin on taurine binding by subcellular fractions of nerve cells]. AB - The binding of 14C-taurine by subcellular fractions of rat brain cortex was studied in vitro. The binding was discovered to be more marked in the presence of phenytoin. The stimulant effect of phenytoin was found to be dose-dependent. The other anticonvulsant drug phenobarbital was not shown to have any noticeable effect on 14C-taurine binding. Analogous results were obtained during investigation of 14C-taurine incorporation into cell cultures of neuroblastoma C1300. PMID- 6519260 TI - [Suppression of adjuvant arthritis with levamisole and prodigiozan]. AB - Effects of levamisole and prodigizan on the development of adjuvant arthritis, the level of circulating immune complexes (CIC) and spontaneous stimulation of adjacent lymph nodes were studied on 150 noninbred rats. Administration of levamisole in a dose of 2.5 mg/kg bw daily from the first to the 12th day after injection of complete Freund's adjuvant inhibited the disease development. On the 7th day after induction the level of CIC was increased and in-vitro 3H-thymidine incorporation into adjacent lymph node cells was recorded as compared with untreated animals. Administration of prodigiozan in a dose of 0.5 mg/kg bw once in 4 days within the same period of time inhibited the development of arthritis, increased adjacent lymph node stimulation and had no influence on the level of CIC. The changes in the immunological characteristics in the inductive phase of the disease suggest that the effects of the drugs are mediated via macrophages. PMID- 6519261 TI - [Effect of the synthetic antioxidants ionol and dibunol on hemorrhagic ulcerative lesions of the stomach in rats]. AB - Comparative studies made on 79 male rats indicate that the synthetic antioxidants ionol and dibunol liniment administered intragastrically in a dose of 50 mg/kg for 7 days do not exert any protective effect on gastric mucosa lesions caused by ligation of the pylorus by Shay's method. At the same time the antioxidants had an inhibitory effect on activation of lipid peroxidation in gastric tissues of rats operated on according to Shay. The absence of the protective action of the antioxidants on ulcer formation together with an inhibitory effect on activation of lipid peroxidation in gastric tissues provide no evidence in favor of the leading role of lipid peroxidation during gastric lesion in animals with ligated pylorus. PMID- 6519262 TI - [The bioenergy aspect of the mechanism of action of phlogolytics and its study using dielectric spectrometry]. AB - Free radical metabolism was discovered to correlate with dielectric characteristics of the tissue. The time-course of the rate of liver tissue relaxation mirrors the status of the detoxifying antioxidant system. The effects of phlogolytics on the time-course of the dielectric characteristics of liver tissue under autolysis indicate that their action is mediated via free radical endoplasmic oxidation aimed at detoxification and repair. PMID- 6519263 TI - Bis-pyridoquinolines as new bifunctional intercalators for DNA. AB - With the aim of obtaining new bifunctional intercalators for DNA, a new series of bis-pyridoquinolines were synthesized by joining two tricyclic planar moieties through a flexible chain. For preparing the corresponding potential monofunctional intercalators also a series of mono-pyridoquinolines were prepared by chemical synthesis by joining the same chromophore with a flexible side-chain. The melting profiles of the complexes between two bis-pyridoquinolines and DNA showed two different thermal transitions supporting the bis-intercalation of the ligand with the macromolecule. On the other hand, two mono-pyridoquinolines showed only one transition in the melting profile indicating a behaviour consistent with a mono-intercalation. The antiproliferative activity was tested in terms of DNA synthesis inhibition in Ehrlich ascite tumor cells; the examined bis-intercalating agent showed to be much more active than the tested mono intercalating compound. PMID- 6519264 TI - [Derivatives of 2-thiocyanobenzoic acid with antifungal activity]. AB - A series of amides, esters and thioesters of 2-thiocyanobenzoic acid were synthesised and tested for antifungal activity in vitro and in vivo against various strains of fungus pathological to plants. The phytotoxicity against representative plants was studied in parallel. The substances were prepared by condensation of suitable mercaptobenzamides with cyanogen bromide or of 2 thiocyanobenzoyl chloride with amines, alcohols or mercaptans. This research showed in vitro antifungal activity of some N-monosubstituted amides and in vivo activity of some N-monosubstituted and N,N-disubstituted amides of 2 thiocyanobenzoic acid which have the same protective activity towards P. viticola as Zineb. PMID- 6519265 TI - Pyrrolnitrin analogues. X. Synthesis and biological activity of 1-chlorophenyl-3- or 5-nitrophenyl-pyrazole-4-carboxylic acids. AB - The synthesis and the in vitro antimicrobial activity of all the possible 1 chlorophenyl-3-nitrophenyl-5-methylpyrazole-4-carboxylic acids and 1-chlorophenyl 3-methyl-5-nitrophenylpyrazole-4-carboxylic acids are reported. Some acids showed an interesting activity against some strains of gram-positive bacteria. The results are discussed and compared with those of other related compounds. PMID- 6519266 TI - New derivatives of pyrrolo and pyrido[2,1-b] quinazoline as antiulcer agents. AB - A series of 3-benzylidene-1,2,3,9-tetrahydro-9-oxopyrrolo-[2,1-b] quinazolinecarboxylic acids and 6-benzylidene-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-11-oxo-11H pyrido[2,1-b] quinazolinecarboxylic acid was synthesized and evaluated for their antiulcer activity by the test of inhibition of restraint ulcers in the rat, and for gastric antisecretory activity using the technique of Shay. Some compounds appear potentially useful for therapeutic application. PMID- 6519267 TI - [Neuronal reactions of the 1st somatosensory cortex in cats to external and internal inhibition of an instrumental conditioned reflex]. PMID- 6519268 TI - [Reactions of residual neurons in the medial geniculate body of the cat to sound clicks]. PMID- 6519269 TI - [Electrophysiological characteristics of the bulbar respiratory neurons]. PMID- 6519270 TI - [Basic patterns of the functional changes in the human respiratory system adapting to hyperbarism]. PMID- 6519271 TI - [Disorders of microhemodynamics of the myocardium and skeletal muscle in partial restriction of the coronary blood flow]. PMID- 6519272 TI - [Ratio between systemic and cerebral hemodynamics in healthy young people]. PMID- 6519273 TI - [Lymph flow and accumulation of fluid in the lungs under increased capillary permeability]. PMID- 6519274 TI - [Specificity of antienterocyte cytotoxic serum based on light optical and electron microscopy data]. PMID- 6519275 TI - [3H-hydrocortisone binding and metabolism in the subcellular fractions of the liver in intact and adrenalectomized rats]. PMID- 6519277 TI - [Characteristics of vascular smooth muscle reaction to oxygen in glycolysis blockade in the vascular wall]. PMID- 6519276 TI - [Effect of 15-crown-5 on smooth muscle cell membranes]. PMID- 6519278 TI - [Oxygen tension dynamics in the fetal brain with altered concentrations in inspired air]. PMID- 6519279 TI - [Disorders of cardio- and hemodynamics in the crush syndrome and their correction by detoxification]. PMID- 6519280 TI - [Role of organic substances in the biological action of Naftusia mineral water]. PMID- 6519281 TI - [A unit for studying oxyhemoglobin dissociation curves]. PMID- 6519283 TI - [Nature of the coronary vessel response to increased myocardial contractile function]. AB - Correlation between performance of the myocardium and its blood supply was studied in the dog isolated heart. Accommodation of coronary circulation to changes in myocardiac needs had a complex nature: increasing of cardiac performance within physiological range was accompanied by active changes in coronary resistance, the latter resulting in an increase of the blood flow. A more obvious hyperemic response to transient ischemia in these conditions was attributed to raising of the coronary vessels reactivity. Volume overloading of the heart resulted in lowering of its blood supply and actualization of coronary dilating reserve combined with lowering reactivity of the coronary vessels and with changes in passive component of the coronary resistance due to increasing myocardiac diastolic strain. PMID- 6519282 TI - [Use of impedance plethysmography for studying the liver depositing function in an acute experiment]. PMID- 6519285 TI - [Comparative study of the laws governing cutaneous blood flow in the thermoneutral zone]. AB - A simplified model of the rabbit thermoregulatory system in the thermoneutral zone revealed three principles of the skin blood flow control. The temperature fluctuations in the thermoneutral zone could only be obtained in case of the on off response of the control. PMID- 6519284 TI - [Relation between intracardiac reflex effects on the rate of atrioventricular conduction and parameters of neural pathway stimulation]. AB - Intracardiac nerves of the frog isolated heart were cut and the central or the peripheral end was stimulated. The atrioventricular (a-v) conduction was measured. The data showed that the intracardiac parasympathetic nervous system could induce both acceleration and deceleration of the a-v conduction, depending on the parameters of stimulation. Atropine blocked both the positive and the negative dromotropic effects whereas beta-adrenoblocking agent inderal was ineffective. The possible mechanism of the dromotropic effects observed are discussed. PMID- 6519286 TI - [Erythrocyte concentration in vessels of the microcirculatory bed of the mesentery of the white rat (according to the results of in vivo microcinematography)]. AB - The red cells velocity and hematocrit value were studied with high-speed microfilming in microvessels of albino rat mesentery. Decrease of the red cells velocity and increase in the number of microvascular branching were followed by a decrease in the hematocrit value: 20% in the precapillary arterioles and 16% in capillaries. The concentration of erythrocytes increased to 26% in venules. The magistral communication between arterioles and venules has a specific place among microvessels. These channels are relatively wider, the red cells velocity is high (0.9 mm/sec) as well as the hematocrit value (23%). Variation of hematocrit value in capillaries is not solely the function of their volume but also the function of their position in capillary net. PMID- 6519287 TI - [Stimulation of trigeminal receptors of the nasal mucosa by respiratory airflow]. AB - Afferent activity was recorded in the cat n. ethmoidalis. The impulse activity changed in nasal inspiration and less obviously in the first half of expiration. The modulations of afferent impulsation ceased with occlusion of nares in spite of the pressure increase in the nasal cavity. The suction of room air through nasal cavity from nares to nasopharynx induced a sustained increase of afferent activity. The suction of humid 40 degrees C air weakened the activity. Inverse relationships were observed between the air temperature and afferent activity within the range 24 degrees C to 40 degrees C. Changes of stimulation of the nose cavity mucose cold receptors seem to take place during respiration. No excitation of mechanoreceptors in breathing was revealed. PMID- 6519288 TI - [Induced autolysis as an important mechanism of the initial stages of ordinary digestion]. AB - The critical review of generally accepted ideas on initial stages of digestion in higher animals is presented. A brief account is given of the hypothesis of the induced autolysis as an important mechanism of food assimilation. According to this hypothesis digestive juices (in addition to their enzyme activities) contain factors capable to induce the autolysis of food structures. An attempt was made to estimate the value of gastric secretions and induced autolysis in the splitting of complex biological food structures. The splitting of native structures of food object was found to be more effective and complete than the splitting of the same structures subjected to heat denaturation. The results obtained suggest that the initial stages of digestion should be considered as a complex process provided both with the enzymes of gastric juice and with the enzymes of food itself, with lysosomal enzymes in particular. PMID- 6519289 TI - [Functioning of carotid artery muscle in the diastolic pressure range in the dog]. PMID- 6519290 TI - [Simple device for compensating for the stimulus artifact during stimulation and recording through a single microelectrode]. PMID- 6519291 TI - [Method of increasing the the localness of measurements of the specific resistance of brain tissue]. PMID- 6519292 TI - [Method of representing the process of mechanical loading in isolated strips of myocardium (imitation of the cardiac cycle)]. PMID- 6519293 TI - [Latex occluder for occluding vessels in chronic experiments]. PMID- 6519294 TI - [Structural variability of the functional system during activity and fatigue]. AB - The object of the present paper is an analysis of factors causing considerable variability of functional systems (P. K. Anokhin) in their efferent part. This variability concerns the structure not only of different movements but has been established as well for similar repeated (cyclic, in particular) movements during work performed with the same working power. The problem of variability of the functional systems in fatigue is discussed. PMID- 6519295 TI - [General patterns of the sensory processes in exposure to extreme stimuli]. AB - A series of changes in sensory sphere take place in conditions of extremal and unusual influences. These changes are determined directly by processes at the receptor level and indirectly--by the central interaction. In spite of great variety of the influences, there are some general laws in changes of functional state of afferent systems analogous to biophysical and neurophysiological processes. The evaluation of functional state of sensory systems in such conditions can only proceed on ergonomic base taking into consideration the sensory fatigue as well. PMID- 6519296 TI - [Cortical sensorimotor integration]. PMID- 6519297 TI - [Integration of motor and autonomic functions during muscle work]. AB - In isometric efforts small energy expenditure was found to involve an inadequate increase of the heart rate and blood pressure. In dynamic cyclic loads, the heart rate and blood pressure increase occurs linearly, corresponding to the increase of O2 consumption and systolic index. Voluntary relaxation of muscles in the course of cyclic load involves small values of the O2 consumption and systolic index, as well as low heart rate and blood pressure. In natural cyclic and noncyclic motor activity, the character of integration of the motor and vegetative functions depends on the relative weight of each of the biomechanical modes. PMID- 6519298 TI - [Dynamics of the infraslow omega potential and of the spatial synchronization of the EEG in muscle fatigue]. AB - The object of the present study was the dynamics of infraslow omega-potentials and EEG interrelated activity modifications in young and adult (19-25 years old) sportsmen during strenuous endurance exercise on a cycle-ergometer. Correlation and coherence analysis revealed at the initial stage of muscle fatigue an increase of close relationship (synchronization and in phase readjustment) of different cortical areas potentials mainly between the prefrontal and precentral cortex. It is suggested that this phenomenon is an EEG reflection of voluntary increase of fatigue overcoming. It becomes more pronounced with age and improvement in professional skill. A reliable correlation between omega-potential dynamics and spatial EEG synchronization was found. PMID- 6519299 TI - [Protein metabolism in the muscles after work]. AB - The 20-hr swimming increased the contants of protein, thyrosine and 3 methylhistidine (also per 1 g of protein) in skeletal muscle of rat within 2-24 hrs. A significant increase in 3-methylhistidine excretion followed this on the 2nd day of the recovery period. The revealed combination of changes suggests a simultaneous augmentation of both synthesis and disintegration of protein in muscles after their activity. Hence, the increased excretion of 3-methylhistidine during recovery period reflects an intensive renewal of the molecular content of proteins of actinomyosine complex. The 3-methylhistidine level in intestine increased only for a short time and seems not to contribute to the delayed increase in excretion of the amino acid. PMID- 6519300 TI - [Mechanism of action of intravascular pressure on the electrical and contractile activity of lymphangions]. AB - Increased intravessel pressure resulted in depolarization of the smooth muscle cell membrane in lymphatic vessels, elongation of APs, augmentation of oscillatory potentials plateau and in increased steadiness of the smooth muscle cells in Ca--free solution, D-600 and Mn2+. The membrane of smooth muscle cells of lymphatic vessels seems to have Na-Ca channels with mechanical sensitivity. PMID- 6519301 TI - [Neuronal reactions of the ventromedial hypothalamus to stimulation of gastric mechanoreceptors and to the intra-arterial administration of glucose and sodium chloride]. AB - In anesthetized and immobilized cats, intact and with cut splanchnic nerves ("vagal" animals) of vagal nerves ("splanchnic" animals), high degree of responsiveness of hypothalamic neurons, with prevailing excitatory reactions, was found. The responses were obtained mainly to stimulation of gastric adapting mechanoreceptors. Information from the latters reaches the hypothalamic neurons through splanchnic and vagal afferents. Some hypothalamic mechanosensitive neurons were shown to be gluco- and osmosensitive and thereupon able to integrate both the neural and the humoral informations. The functional role of vagal and splanchnic mechanoreceptors of the stomach in activation of hypothalamic units and the "converging ability" of "visceral" neurons of the ventromedial hypothalamic feeding center, is discussed. PMID- 6519303 TI - [Effect of serotonin on the electrical activity of the PPa2 neuron in the edible snail]. AB - Serotonin in perfusion concentration of 1.10(-4) M exerted phasic effects upon the PPa2 neuron activity in grape snail preparation. The same effects were observed with light concentrations of calcium solution. Special experiments revealed the effects of repeated serotonin applications in the same neuron. The data obtained were considered in view the modulating role of serotonin in the process of regulation of the central neurons excitation. PMID- 6519302 TI - [Comparative study of baroreceptor reflexes in cats and rats]. AB - The sensitivity of baroreceptor reflexes, the intensity of heart rate changes, and the electrical activity of renal nerve were compared in acute and chronic experiments with changing activity of arterial baroreceptor afferents in rats and cats. Activation of the baroreceptor afferents was due to blood pressure elevations induced with phenylephrine, deceleration of electrical activity of renal nerve was induced by baroreceptor deafferentation. The sensitivity of baroreceptor reflexes, the absolute and relative acceleration of heart rate after baroreceptor deafferentation, as well as the intensity of renal nerve activity suppression were considerably higher in cats as compared with rats. PMID- 6519304 TI - [Integral assessment of the EEG correlation field]. PMID- 6519305 TI - [A portable integrator of bioelectrical signals]. PMID- 6519306 TI - [Normal rheo-ophthalmographic data on dogs]. PMID- 6519307 TI - Immunological tolerance to spermatogenic cell antigens induced by teratocarcinoma stem cell antigens. AB - Repeated intraperitoneal administration of F9 teratocarcinoma stem cells (first dose of 3.8 X 10(8) + 3 doses of 7.5 X 10(8) cells at two-week intervals) to guinea pigs starting from birth prevented in more than one third of them (in 10 out of 28) the induction of autoimmune aspermatogenesis by subsequent immunization with spermatogenic cells emulsified with FCA. Cytotoxic and immunofluorescent activities against spermatogenic cells were similar in groups of males after tolerance induction and subsequent immunization and of males immunized only. However, these two groups differed substantially in serological activities against F9 cells which were significantly higher in the former group. The results are discussed in connection with the establishment of the blood testis barrier which may have resulted in the absence of autotolerance towards spermatogenic cell antigens. PMID- 6519308 TI - Changes induced in the lymphoid system by the double-stranded RNA. AB - Systemic (i.p.) single injection of ds RNA, an inducer of interferon, increases significantly the weight and cellularity of the lymphoid system. The peaks of increase are evident in peritoneal lymph nodes 24 h, in popliteal, axillary and inguinal lymph nodes 48 h, in the spleen and liver 72 h post-inoculation. Thymus weight and cellularity decrease markedly (with a minimum at 24 h) and the number of peritoneal cells also decreases. The parameters examined gradually return to normal values. Local injection of the same dose of ds RNA into the hind footpad results in a marked increase in the weight of the ipsilateral popliteal lymph node and, with some delay, in an increase in its cellularity. In addition, local injection has an effect on the other lymph nodes, the spleen and thymus, even though the effect is slighter than that of systemic injection. The mechanisms by which ds RNA induces changes in the lymphoid system are discussed. PMID- 6519309 TI - BW 5147 supernatants suppress Con A stimulation of mouse spleen cells. AB - Conditioned medium from mouse T lymphoma BW 5147 cell cultures suppressed Con A stimulated DNA synthesis in cultures of mouse spleen cells. Supernatants from control mouse T cell lymphoma EL-4 were not effective. Conditioned medium from BW 5147 cells did not inhibit DNA synthesis in control cultures of IL-2-dependent mouse T cells or mouse leukaemias of T cell or erythroblastic origin. It is suggested that constitutive production of a soluble suppressor factor by BW 5147 lymphoma cells is responsible for the effects observed. PMID- 6519310 TI - Determination of the frequency of heme cavity fluctuations in metmyoglobin and methaemoglobin based on the study of exchange rate of solvent water with paramagnetic Fe3+ ion of heme. 1H-NMR studies. AB - The effects of solvent viscosity and temperature on the spin-spin relaxation rates 1/T2 of solvent water protons in metmyoglobin and methaemoglobin solutions in the temperature range of 5-50 degrees C have been studied. Solvent viscosity is altered by changing sucrose concentration from 0 to 25% by weight. The magnitude of the protein contribution to the observed relaxation rate 1/T2 decreases with rising solvent viscosity at low temperatures (less than 20 degrees) in contrast to high temperatures. It is shown to be due to the decrease in the rate of exchange of the water molecules from the paramagnetic site (Fe3+ion of heme) within heme cavity with those from the bulk solvent with the rise in solvent viscosity. This effect is interpreted by the dynamic model of protein behaviour in which exchange of the water with Fe3+ion of heme is governed partly by fluctuations of heme cavities between "closed" and "open" states. This approach enables us to estimate the frequency of fluctuations of heme cavities: 7 X 10(4) sec-1 for metmyoglobin and 3 X 10(3) sec-1 for methaemoglobin. PMID- 6519311 TI - [The role of prostaglandins for norepinephrine clearance in borderline hypertension]. AB - Studies were done to determine the role of endogenous prostaglandins (PGs) for norepinephrine (NE) clearance in 10 male borderline hypertensives (BHT) (age: 20 28) and six age-matched male normotensives (NT). Two experimental protocols were followed in these subjects: 10 min orthostasis with blood sampling (protocol I), and 100 ng/kg/min of L-NE infusion for 60 min at supine position. Blood was collected from indwelling catheter at every min for 10 min after stopping the NE infusion (protocol II). Plasma NE was measured by THI method using HPLC. Disappearance curve of plasma NE was analyzed following the two compartment open model. The orthostasis and the steady state NE infusion were repeated after 150 mg/day of indomethacin (Ind) for three days. There were significant increases in plasma NE after orthostasis in both groups: from 180.8 +/- 28.0 pg/ml to 346.2 +/ 78.0 pg/ml (p less than 0.05) in NT and from 120.1 +/- 12.8 pg/ml to 289.6 +/- 20.3 pg/ml (p less than 0.001) in BHT, but there were no significant differences between the two groups. Ind pretreatment did not alter these responses. The calculated half-time of the first exponential phase (T 1/2) was 1.50 +/- 0.07 min in NT which decreased to 0.98 +/- 0.10 min (p less than 0.05) after Ind pretreatment. In BHT, T 1/2 was 1.03 +/- 0.08 min (p less than 0.01 vs NT), which was not significantly changed after Ind. These results may suggest that endogenous PGs have some role(s) in NT for NE clearance, probably exerting inhibitory action on neuronal uptake. In BHT, neuronal uptake of NE is increased, probably due to an adaptation mechanism to elevated blood pressure. PMID- 6519313 TI - [Circulating free T3 in pregnancy, liver diseases, diabetes mellitus and thyroid diseases]. AB - Measurement of serum concentrations of free triiodothyronine (FT3) is considered to be an accurate index of thyroid function in the patient. In this study, we measured serum concentrations of FT3, free thyroxine (FT4) and reverse triiodothyronine (rT3) by radioimmunoassay in blood samples taken from the navel cord of 20 newborns as well as 20 nonpregnant women, 20 pregnant women, 10 patients with liver diseases, 25 patients with diabetes mellitus, 65 patients with hyperthyroidism, 30 patients with primary hypothyroidism and 29 normal subjects. In pregnant women, serum FT3 and FT4 levels gradually decreased as the pregnancy progressed. In cord blood, FT3 levels were less than a quarter of the values found during the first trimester of pregnancy or that of non-pregnant women, whereas serum rT3 levels were drastically increased. In chronic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis and diabetes mellitus, serum FT3 and FT4 levels were significantly lower than that in the controls. In thyroid diseases, serum FT3 levels varied parallel to other thyroid hormone levels. In primary hypothyroidism, however, serum FT3 levels were still lower than these in the controls after treatment with 1-thyroxine, whereas other thyroid hormone levels and TSH levels returned to control levels.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6519312 TI - [The extraction of biologically active substances from hop]. AB - Substances which suppressed the effect of gonadotropin in the rat were obtained from hop. These biologically active substances were fractionated from the hop cone, from which lipophilic components (total resins) were removed with acetone. They were water soluble, 70,000-80,000 in molecular weight and were composed mainly of neutral sugars and uronic acid. Administration of the substances to immature rats primed with pregnant mare's serum gonadotropin (PMS) resulted in the following: a significant decrease of ovarian weight gain, whereas there was no change in uterine weight gain, and significant reductions of serum LH and progesterone from cultured luteal rat cells. PMID- 6519314 TI - [The heterogeneity of serum hPRL in a patient with a giant prolactinoma]. AB - The heterogeneity of hPRL in the serum of a patient with a giant prolactinoma (hPRL 27 micrograms/ml) was studied employing gel chromatography, RIA and lymphoma cell bioassay. After gel filtration of serum sample on Sephadex G-100 (superfine) column, a few hPRL peaks were detected by RIA. Rechromatography of the second peak, which eluted between the void volume and the small third peak, revealed four hPRL peaks designated big-big hPRL, medium-big hPRL, big hPRL and little hPRL, with BA/RIA ratio 1.3 approximately 2.6, 0.8 approximately 1.2, 0.3 approximately 0.7 and 0.7 approximately 1.5, respectively. The molecular weight of medium-big hPRL was estimated as 80K approximately 90K daltons. Most of big big, medium-big and big hPRL were converted to little hPRL after mercaptoethanol treatment. These data suggest that most of big-big, medium-big and big hPRL are aggregates of little hPRL. PMID- 6519315 TI - [The metabolism and conjugation of estrogens in the human fetus]. AB - Although several studies have been reported on the synthesis of steroids in the fetus, the metabolism and conjugation of estrogens in the fetus is not completely known. In this study serum levels of estetrol (E4), estetrol glucosiduronate (E4 G), estriol (E3) and estriol-16-glucosiduronate (E3-16-G) were measured by R.I.A. in maternal peripheral vein blood (MPV), umbilical artery blood (UA) and umbilical vein blood (UV) at delivery. The same steroids were also measured in various fetal organs (liver, kidney, intestine, adrenal, lung and placenta) in the second-trimester. After 4-14C-E2, 4-14C-E3 and 6, 9 (n)-3H-E4 were incubated with homogenates of various human fetal organs, the metabolites were analyzed with an authentic sample. 15, 15-D2-estradiol-17 beta (d2-E2) was incubated with human second-trimester fetal liver and the metabolites were analyzed with GC-MS. It was concluded that: 1) E3-16-G was higher in UA and UV than in MPV, suggesting active glucosiduronation in the fetus. 2) Higher levels of E4 and E4-G in UA and UV than in MPV suggest the production of E3 and E3-16-G in the fetus. 3) Levels of E4 and E4-G were higher than those of E3 and E3-16-G in various fetal organs in the second-trimester. 4) E4 and E4-G were especially high in fetal liver and intestine, and E3 and E3-16-G were high in fetal kidney, liver and intestine. 5) The level of E3-16-G was higher than that of E3 in these organs. 6) The second trimester fetal liver conjugated E2, E3 and E4 to each glucosiduronate. 7) The second-trimester fetal kidney conjugated E2 and E4 to each sulfate, but E3 to E3 16-G. 8) 15-Hydroxylation of d2-E2 was demonstrated in the incubation with homogenate of second human fetal liver. 9) The active glucosiduronation of E3 in the fetus was thought to inactivate a large amount of E3 transported from the placenta. PMID- 6519316 TI - [57th fall meeting of the Japan Endocrine Society. Kobe, Japan, 1-2 November 1984. Abstracts]. PMID- 6519317 TI - Unintentional or accidental trauma in children. PMID- 6519318 TI - The threshold hypothesis: evidence from less developed Latin American countries, 1950 to 1980. AB - Historical research among European countries finds large differences in the level of social, economic or demographic development among countries, or regions within countries at the time marital fertility rates began their decline from traditional high levels. This research tests a threshold hypothesis which holds that fertility will decline from traditional high levels if threshold levels of life expectancy and literacy are surpassed. Using a pooled regression analysis of 1950, 1960, 1970 and 1980 crude births rates (CBRs) in 20 less developed Latin American countries, in conjunction with 10-year lagged measures of social, economic and family planning program development, analyses reveal statistically significant effects of passing Beaver's (1975) threshold levels of 1950 literacy, or 1950 life expectancy, that are independent of levels of lagged literacy (or lagged life expectancy), economic and family planning program development, as well as measures that control period effects. PMID- 6519319 TI - Social and economic change, intergenerational relationships, and family formation in Taiwan. AB - This paper examines the influence of social change and economic growth on intergenerational relationships and the formation of families in Taiwan. Using data from two island-wide surveys in 1973 and 1980, the analysis shows that, as expected, social change has been accompanied by rapid changes in family structure and relationships, including the spread of schooling, the employment of young people outside the family, increasing separation of the residences of parents and children before and after marriage, growing independence of young people, and increases in premarital sex and pregnancies. The position of a family in the social structure also influences the way young people interact with their parents and form their own families: women with educated fathers have more nonfamilial experiences than others, and farm origins tend to exert a traditional influence on the life course. Finally, experiences early in the life course have important ramifications for later behavior and transitions. PMID- 6519320 TI - A demonstration of the effect of seasonal migration on fertility. AB - Fertility estimates were calculated using own children data from the Mexican migrant town of Guadalupe, Michoacan. In this town, 75 percent of families have a member working in the United States, and wives are often regularly separated from their migrant husbands. Simulations by Menken (1979) and Bongaarts and Potter (1979) suggest that fertility among these women should be depressed. Our results confirmed this hypothesis, showing that the seasonal absence of migrant husbands disrupted both the level and timing of fertility. However, the effect was greater for legal than for illegal migrants, a pattern that stemmed from social factors as well as physical separation. A logistic regression analysis showed that reductions in birth probabilities are greater the longer a couple is separated, and that these reductions are in the range expected from prior simulations. PMID- 6519321 TI - Fertility and replacement: some alternative stochastic models and results for Brazil. AB - The observed joint distribution of births and child deaths for a cohort of women at a given point in time depends on the number of children that would have been born had the family experienced no deaths, the number of child deaths experienced, and the proportion of these deaths that are replaced by a subsequent birth. In this paper we estimate the parameters of the assumed distributions of these three events using a minimum distance estimation model and data from the 1970 Brazilian census. The parameter estimates are shown to be similar to those obtained previously using a maximum likelihood estimation model. When the data are subdivided according to women's years of schooling, estimates of probability of a child death and mean and variance of children born if no deaths decrease while estimates of probability of replacement of a dead child increase as years of schooling increase. PMID- 6519322 TI - Census-derived estimates of fertility by duration since first marriage in the Republic of Korea. AB - This paper estimates ever-married birth rates by age and duration since first marriage and ever-married total fertility rates for the Republic of Korea, derived by applying an extension of the own-children method of fertility estimation to the 1975 and 1980 censuses. Since each census provides annual estimates for the 15-year period previous to enumeration, there is a ten-year period of overlapping estimates that facilitates checks for consistency and accuracy. Comparisons are also made with estimates derived from the 1974 Korea National Fertility Survey, which was part of the World Fertility Survey. The method works well, except in its application to the 1975 Census where the evidence suggests considerable misreporting of age at first marriage because of the way the question was asked and coded. Results confirm that ever-married fertility fell substantially in Korea between 1961 and 1980, with a temporary resurgence in the late 1960s and early 1970s. Ever-married fertility rose at younger ages and shorter durations and fell at older ages and longer durations. Ever-married fertility differentials by urban-rural residence and by education were usually in the expected direction, with urban fertility generally lower than rural fertility and the fertility of those with more education usually lower than the fertility of those with less education. Differential ever-married fertility by urban-rural residence and education declined over the estimation period. PMID- 6519323 TI - A multilevel model of family planning availability and contraceptive use in rural Thailand. AB - This paper assesses the ways in which the availability of family planning program outlets influences the likelihood of contraceptive use in rural Thailand. It focuses on a village-level measure of actual availability of sources rather than respondent perceptions of availability. Individual-level and village-level data collected as part of the second Thailand Contraceptive Prevalence Survey are used to test three hypotheses about the effects of actual availability: that (a) availability of family planning outlets increases the likelihood of contraceptive use; (b) it enhances the effect of a desire for no more children on the likelihood of use; and (c) it weakens the positive relationship between education and the likelihood of use. PMID- 6519324 TI - What are the determinants of delayed childbearing and permanent childlessness in the United States? AB - This paper presents estimates of delayed childbearing and permanent childlessness in the United States and the determinants of those phenomena. The estimates are derived by fitting the Coale-McNeil marriage model to survey data on age at first birth and by letting the parameters of the model depend on covariates. Substantively, the results provide evidence that the low first birth fertility rates experienced in the 1970s were due to both delayed childbearing and to increasing levels of permanent childlessness. The results also indicate that (a) delayed childbearing is less prevalent among black women than among nonblack women; (b) education is an important determinant of delayed childbearing whose influence on this phenomenon seems to be increasing across cohorts; (c) education is positively associated with heterogeneity among women in their age at first birth; (d) the dispersion of age at first birth is increasing across cohorts; (e) race has an insignificant effect on childlessness; and (f) education is positively associated with childlessness, with the effect of education increasing and reaching strikingly high levels for the most recent cohorts. PMID- 6519325 TI - Robustness of 5qx estimators under nonstationarity. AB - When age-specific death rates are available for single year ages any of several formulas may be used to estimate the probability of dying in an age interval, nqx. For 5-year age intervals, however, the simplest formulas are usually not as precise as some that are more complex. If in addition, the population is stable but nonstationary or is subject to fairly regular birth cycles, a formula due to Keyfitz and Frauenthal performs markedly better than others. Tests on real populations also support Keyfitz-Frauenthal, and suggest that actual differences between other competing formulas may be small. PMID- 6519326 TI - New midyear age-sex-color-specific estimates of the U.S. population for the 1940s and 1950s: including a revision of coverage estimates for the 1940 and 1950 censuses. AB - This paper describes new midyear (July 1) estimates of the "true" population of the United States by age, sex, and color (white, nonwhite) for the 1940s and 1950s. It also presents the corresponding implied coverage estimates for the 1940 and 1950 censuses. The new population estimates are calculated by combining the most recent figures on the 1960 population with estimates of the demographic components of change for the 1950s and 1940s in an iterative reverse cohort component projection algorithm. Among the principal findings of the new estimates are: (a) existing midyear estimates of the "true" population in the 1950s are 450,000 to 500,000 too high; (b) existing age-specific estimates for the 1950s tend to underestimate the population at the older ages (55 years and over) and overestimate the population in the young and middle adult years (15 to 54 years); (c) estimates of the "true" population in the 1940s were too low except for nonwhites at ages 65 and over; (d) existing estimates of percentage net undercount and underenumeration for the 1950 and 1940 censuses tend to be too high, substantially so for nonwhites in the 1940 Census; and (e) nonwhites were more completely enumerated in 1940 than in 1950. Thus, in addition to being methodologically and temporally consistent with post-1960 estimates, the new population estimates described here imply some substantial revisions in demographic, social, and economic statistics for the two decades prior to 1960. PMID- 6519328 TI - City differences in racial occupational differentiation: a note on the use of odds ratios. AB - This note considers whether city differences in racial occupational distribution are best investigated using measures of nominal differentiation or measures of inequality, and argues that measures of inequality are better suited for testing the prevailing theories of race differences in occupation distribution. It also defends the Index of Net Difference and the Index of Dissimilarity (and other measures of inequality used in previous research) from the criticism that they are flawed because they are sensitive to city differences in occupational structure. Additionally, it explores a new approach for investigating city differences in occupational inequality within the log-linear framework. The logical and empirical arguments offered support the conclusions that racial occupation differences reflect racial stratification, and that variation in racial occupation differences across cities is best understood as the product of city differences in the severity of racial stratification. Thus, future research in this area should continue to focus on measures of inequality rather than measures of nominal differentiation until there are sound theoretical and empirical reasons for conceptualizing race differences in occupational distribution in terms of nominal differentiation. PMID- 6519327 TI - Calculation of life tables from survey data: a technical note. AB - Life table calculations from survey data are frequently based on events for which exact dates are not available. When these dates are coded in monthly form (e.g., century months), estimates should take into account the fact that the first duration interval--the interval which captures events occurring in the first month of exposure--is half the length of all remaining intervals. Although failure to do so has a trivial effect on many demographic calculations, estimates which are based on events which occur with high frequency in the first few months of exposure can be substantially biased. Estimates of fecundability for four countries in the World Fertility Survey are used to illustrate this bias. PMID- 6519329 TI - The place of odds ratios in the study of place, race and differential occupational opportunities. AB - During the last few decades the study of racial differences in occupational and economic attainment has progressed rapidly, both in terms of theory and research. The ecological study of the racial and ethnic organization of local labor markets has not. The use of odds ratios and occupation-specific categories may provide a fruitful avenue for future research in the study of inequality across space and time. PMID- 6519330 TI - Evaluating the demographic impact of societal events through intervention analysis: the Brown vs. Board of Education decision. AB - Using intervention analysis--a time-series technique gaining increasing use for analyzing the impacts of policy decisions/historic events--this paper reexamines the hypothesis offered by Rindfuss et al., that one consequence of the Brown vs. Board of Education decision in 1954 was a temporary decline in childbearing by white southerners. With data from the 11 former Confederate states, alternative Box-Jenkins/intervention models were estimated to identify/quantify such a decline, but no statistical evidence of a temporary shift in southern white fertility could be found. PMID- 6519331 TI - A comment on J. Akin et al., "The determinants of breastfeeding in Sri Lanka". PMID- 6519332 TI - [Parakeratosis variegata]. PMID- 6519333 TI - [Penetration kinetics of benzene into the human skin]. PMID- 6519334 TI - [Lymphokine determination in psoriasis scale extracts]. PMID- 6519335 TI - [PUVA therapy in chronic benign familial Hailey-Hailey pemphigus]. PMID- 6519336 TI - [Loss of vitality of polymorphonuclear neutrophilic granulocytes due to 5- or 8 methoxypsoralen and UV radiation]. PMID- 6519337 TI - The humoral immune response in the American cockroach, Periplaneta americana: reactivity to a defined antigen from honeybee venom, phospholipase A2. AB - Our previous experiments demonstrated that honeybee venom could induce a specific, adaptive humoral immune response in the American cockroach. Since honeybee venom is a complex substance made up of several proteins, a more defined antigen is needed for future characterization studies. One of the components of bee venom, phospholipase A2 (PA2) was found to be highly lethal and immunogenic in the roach. Roaches injected with PA2 generated a specific primary response that developed over a period of time, peaking within 10 days, and then gradually subsiding by the fifth week. Specificity of this response was demonstrated by the fact that immunized animals were protected against the original immunizing PA2, but not to PA2 from a heterologous source. In addition, a secondary response could be induced with PA2, demonstrating the existence of immunologic memory. Thus, we established that PA2 could induce as good, if not better, humoral responsiveness as whole bee venom, and therefore could be utilized as a more defined antigen in studies designed to characterize the inducible humoral factor in the roach. PMID- 6519338 TI - The immune response in immunized and naturally infected rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) to Diplostomum spathaceum as detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). AB - The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) procedure was modified and adapted for detection of circulating antibodies in rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) against metacercariae of the digenean trematode Diplostomum spathaceum, the causative agent for diplostomiasis. Rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) were injected with sonicated metacercariae representing 10, 40, and 100 metacercariae per fish. Three weeks after immunization the average titers for trout injected with 10, 40, and 100 metacercariae were 874, 841, and 525, and by six weeks the titers had fallen to 299, 349, and 203, respectively. Nine weeks after initial immunization, two remaining fish initially immunized with 100 metacercariae per fish were injected with a booster of 50 sonicated metacercariae per fish. Four weeks later the average titer was 1204. Serum samples from naturally infected wild fish tested for the presence of circulating antibodies against Diplostomum spathaceum showed 25 of 27 with positive titers. PMID- 6519339 TI - Nonspecific cytotoxic cells in fish (Ictalurus punctatus). IV. Target cell binding and recycling capacity. AB - The morphology of nonspecific cytotoxic cells (NCC) was identified. NCC were purified by target cell conjugate formation and density gradient separation. NCC are monocyte-like. They have reniform nuclei and a low nucleus/cytoplasm ratio. Cytoplasmic granules were not seen after giemsa staining. Scanning electron microscopy demonstrated moderate surface villi and target cell attachment occurred via long membraneous filament-like surface projections extending to the target cell membranes. Transmission electron microscopy of effector:target cell conjugates revealed membrane contact areas without fusion or fragmentation. The nucleus of the NCC had accentuated peripheral chromation and a prominent Golgi apparatus; the cytoplasm contained osmiophilic granules. Michaelis-Menten and Lineweaver-Burk transformation of target cell binding revealed a Vmax of 11 15,000 and a Km of 40,000. The percentage of NCC bound to target cells was 16 18%. Results of these studies were combined with the conjugate experiment to obtain an estimated percentage of active NCC (5-7%). A maximum recycling capacity of .16-.30 indicated that once attachment by NCC to the target cell occurred (and a lethal signal delivered by an effector cell), either the NCC did not recycle or a long lag period was required to restore its cytotoxic capability. PMID- 6519340 TI - Lymphopineal tissue in the chicken. AB - We have studied the chicken's pineal gland by light and electron microscopy at 3 and 4 weeks of age. The results indicated that lymphocytes, plasma cells, secretory cells, basophil and eosinophil granulocytes enter the parenchyma and a new histologically defined tissue is formed which we call lymphopineal tissue. Inside the pineal parenchyma, the number of thymidine labeled cells is almost three times higher than in the interstitium suggesting that the pineal's products might be blastogenic for the cells and/or exert an influence on post-thymic T cell differentiation. PMID- 6519341 TI - Immunology of pouch young marsupials. I. Levels of immunoglobulin transferrin and albumin in the blood and milk of euros and wallaroos (hill kangaroos: Macropus robustus, marsupialia). AB - The concentration of total protein, albumin, transferrin, and immunoglobulin G of adult serum, pouch young serum, milk whey and colostrum has been estimated in three species of kangaroos, Macropus robustus, Macropus rufus (= Megaleia rufa) and Macropus giganteus. No study of this kind has previously been published for any marsupial species. The three individual proteins were antigenically identical in all four kinds of fluid. Colostrum and milk whey are relatively enriched in transferrin but have low levels of immunoglobulin G. Serum concentrations of total protein, albumin and transferrin rise steadily throughout pouch life and attain adult values when the young finally leaves the pouch. Serum concentrations of immunoglobulin G are very low for the first 90-100 days of pouch life, being approximately half of those in milk whey for this period. After this the level rises rapidly and also reaches adult values when the young leaves the pouch. We suggest that in the first 90-100 days the pouch young is largely protected humorally by passive immunity acquired from the mother, and after this it increasingly makes its own responses. PMID- 6519342 TI - Fetal loss from umbilical cord abnormalities--a difficult case for prevention. AB - The summaries of 12 pregnancies in which fetal distress and death were thought to be the result of umbilical cord abnormalities are presented. These included six cases of stricture and torsion of the cord, one case of umbilical vein aneurysm, one case of perivascular haemorrhage near the fetal end of the cord, one case of umbilical vein thrombosis, two cases of true knot of the cord and one case of very short cord. The perinatal mortality was 75% in the whole group (9 out of 12 fetuses), there being eight stillbirths and one neonatal death. Of the 12 fetuses, only three were small for dates at delivery. Nine patients volunteered the history of a decrease in fetal movements, and non-stress cardiotocography (NST) was abnormal in eight patients. It was noted, however, that fetal death tended to occur rapidly after an abnormal test. Observations in our series indicated that antepartum fetal deaths due to umbilical cord abnormalities are still difficult to prevent, as it is often impossible to detect fetal distress in time for appropriate intervention. Prompt action to deliver the baby after an abnormal NST appears to be a necessary step to prevent antepartum deaths due to such causes. PMID- 6519343 TI - Cytogenetic study on 282 patients with suspected chromosomal aberration. AB - This report shows the results of a karyotype analysis carried out on 282 patients clinically selected for some suspicion of chromosome abnormalities. This population showed a significantly higher incidence of chromosome anomalies (21.6%) than an unselected population (0.5-0.6%). The aim of this study is to determine the incidence of chromosome abnormalities in a selected Sardinian population and to compare these data with those of other authors. PMID- 6519344 TI - Effect of folic acid supplementation on congenital malformations due to anticonvulsive drugs. AB - A study was conducted to determine the frequency of malformations among newborn infants of mothers receiving anticonvulsive therapy, with and without supplementation of folic acid. In the retrospective part of the study, the frequency of congenital malformations among the 66 newborn of 24 women who received anticonvulsive drugs without the supplementation of folic acid was 15% (10 children). The defects noted were congenital heart disease, cleft lip and palate, neural tube defects and skeletal abnormalities. Three out of the 10 children were stillborn or died immediately after delivery. In the prospective study of the 22 epileptic women with folic acid supplementation to their anticonvulsive regimen, 33 infants were born alive, without congenital malformations and of normal body weight. The teratogenic activity of anticonvulsant drugs seems to be mediated by interference with folic acid metabolism, and such activity might be influenced by hereditary and environmental factors. When an epileptic woman wishes to become pregnant, it is recommended that folic acid be added to her regimen. PMID- 6519345 TI - Case report. Torsion of pregnant fallopian tube--a rare case. AB - A case of torsion of the pregnant fallopian tube is presented. Although uncommon, this entity should be considered in the differential diagnosis of abdominal pain in a young female patient. Early surgical intervention is recommended in order to salvage the affected tube by microsurgical techniques. PMID- 6519346 TI - The properties of the interaction between bovine pancreatic ribonuclease a and mononucleotides supports the existence of several binding sub-sites in the enzyme. AB - The binding of 5'AMP, 5'GMP, 5'CMP, 3'CMP and Cl6RMP to RNAase A was studied by means of the gel filtration technique. It was found that only one molecule of 3'CMP binds strongly to the enzyme although a very unspecific binding is also present. The interaction of 5'AMP and 5'GMP with the enzyme shows one strong binding site and several weak binding sites, whereas two molecules of 5'CMP bind to RNAase A with equal strength. Cl6RMP shows an anomalous behaviour as both split peaks and troughs are found in the chromatogram. The Ka values for 3'CMP and the strong binding site of 5'AMP and 5'GMP are very similar whereas that for the two binding sites of 5'CMP is smaller (about 2.2 X 10(-4)M-1 and 0.5 X 10( 4)M-1, respectively at pH 5.5, I = 0.01 and 25 degrees C). The results are in general agreement with the known multiplicity of ligand-binding subsites in RNAase A. PMID- 6519347 TI - Cyanopyrazoles as analogs of purine precursors--I. Inhibitory effect on purine biosynthesis de novo. AB - The in vitro inhibition of purine biosynthesis de novo by a series of cyanopyrazoles was studied. At concentration 1 mM trichloromethyl analogs (3(5) amino-4-cyano-5(3)-trichloromethylpyrazole and N-hydroxyethyl-3(5)-amino-4-cyano 5(3)-trichloromethylpyrazole) were found to inhibit IMP synthesis 80 and 30% respectively. GAR synthesis was inhibited at a lower degree at the same range of concentrations. The compounds demonstrated a similar pattern of inhibition of the last steps, e.g. AICAR formylation and cyclization as found on the whole pathway. PMID- 6519348 TI - Nimesulide for the treatment of painful inflammatory process in the ear, nose and throat areas: a double-blind controlled study with benzydamine. AB - Nimesulide, 4-nitro-2-phenoxymethanesulphonanilide, a new non-steroidal anti inflammatory drug endowed with potent anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic activities, was tested at a daily dose of 200 mg b.i.d. against Benzydamine on a double-blind basis, in a randomized trial with fifty out patients suffering from inflammatory ear, nose and throat diseases (otitis media, sinusitis, rhinitis). Nimesulide treatment brought about an immediate and significant improvement in over-all pain, exudation, oedema and headache and produced a rapid lowering in body temperature. The recovery was more rapid and significant in patients with Nimesulide than in those with Benzydamine. The signs and symptoms under consideration reached almost complete resolution within the set treatment-period of 10 days. Clinical tolerability of Nimesulide was better than that of Benzydamine: one case of moderate gastric pyrosis and drowsiness was complained of by the Nimesulide-treated patients versus eleven cases of gastro intestinal discomfort, mouth dryness, and/or drowsiness which were complained of by the Benzydamine-treated patients. PMID- 6519349 TI - A double-blind randomized study of an aspirin/caffeine combination versus acetaminophen/aspirin combination versus acetaminophen versus placebo in patients with moderate to severe post-partum pain. AB - In a double-blind, randomized controlled trial among 500 post-partum patients experiencing moderate to severe pain, a single oral dose of an aspirin/caffeine combination (800 mg aspirin, 65 mg caffeine) provided significantly more pain relief at 2 hours than did a higher dose of an acetaminophen/aspirin combination (648 mg acetaminophen, 648 mg aspirin) and a higher dose of acetaminophen alone (1000 mg acetaminophen). At 3 and 4 hours, the acetaminophen/aspirin combination as well as the aspirin/caffeine combination were significantly superior to acetaminophen alone. At all times, all three drugs were significantly superior to placebo. There were no clinically significant adverse reactions. These results provide evidence of a potentiating effect of caffeine on aspirin's analgesic potency. PMID- 6519350 TI - Use of biocompatible orthopaedic polymer for fracture treatment and reconstructive orthopaedic procedures. AB - For many years attempts have been made to develop materials for use in the surgical treatment of fractures. So far only metal implants have been used. Soviet research has now succeeded in developing a copolymer of polyvinyl pyrrolidone and methyl methacrylate reinforced by polyamide fibres and calcium gluconate which is reported to have comparable strength of metal implants but superior flexibility. It can be trimmed and shaped at the time of surgery, has no irritative reactions or release of toxic components, and above all is biocompatible. Clinical studies have been going on for 10 years in various Soviet medical centres and the total number of cases treated with the biocompatible polymer implants is well over 1000. In no case was a repeat operation necessary to remove the implant. Control X-rays (as well as animal data) showed that biodestruction of the implants is complete within 1.5 to 3 years depending on their sizes. The first operations outside the Soviet Union have been recently performed in Belgium. In the Soviet Union this material has also been used to treat pathologic fractures and in reconstructive surgical procedures such as leg lengthening. PMID- 6519352 TI - Uptake and metabolism of [3H]ecdysone in cultured ovaries of the silkworm, Bombyx mori. AB - Uptake of ecdysone by ovaries of the silkworm, Bombyx mori, was studied by organ culture. [3H]Ecdysone was transported almost linearly into the ovary for up to 3 h of the incubation. The uptake was proportional to the concentration of the labeled ecdysone, unsaturably, at concentrations ranging up to 10(-6) M. Ecdysone which had been transported into the ovary could usually be removed when the ovary was re-transferred to the ecdysone-free medium. Analysis of the transported compounds by thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) revealed the marked conversion of ecdysone into 20 hydroxyecdysone, unknown metabolites and conjugated forms. Physiological significance of the metabolic activity of the ovary is discussed with respect to the accumulation of ecdysteroids in the ovary. PMID- 6519351 TI - Phage-types and susceptibility to 26 antibiotics of nosocomial strains of Acinetobacter isolated in Portugal. AB - Sixty-two strains of Acinetobacter calcoaceticus isolated from pathological samples or from the environment in several hospitals in Lisbon, were studied by means of two complementary phage-typing systems. Eighteen phage-types or sub types, one group of uncommon types (9.6%) and one group of untypable strains (20.9%) were found. A new phage-type (No. 104) and a new sub-type (No. 18) were defined among the Portuguese strains. The in vitro activity of 26 antibiotics against 48 nosocomial strains was studied by the Kirby-Bauer method. The most active antibiotics were, in decreasing order, amikacin, carbenicillin, tobramycin, minocycline, dibekacin, doxycycline, sisomycin, trimethoprim sulphamethoxacole, ticarcillin and piperacillin. The strains were also tested against 4 new beta-lactam antibiotics, and the MICs were determined by an agar dilution method. N-formimidoyl-thienamycin was found to be the most active against Acinetobacter and ceftazidime was considerably more active than apalcillin and cefotaxime. PMID- 6519354 TI - Getting it published. PMID- 6519353 TI - Two forms of ornithine decarboxylase activity in mouse kidney. AB - Renal ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity was evaluated in normal female, male, testosterone-treated female and androgen-insensitive Tfm/Y mice for its heat sensitivity and in vivo half-life. ODC activity in normal female kidney consisted of 2 forms which differed in their heat sensitivity at 46 degrees C. Androgens, either endogenous in normal males or administered exogenously to females, induced primarily the heat-sensitive form. Results from mixing experiments indicated that the heat-sensitive form represented a change in the property of the ODC activity rather than a change in cytoplasmic factors. The in vivo half-life of ODC activity was increased slightly in males and short-term androgen-treated females over normal females and was markedly increased by prolonged androgen treatment. In vivo, the androgen-induced, heat-sensitive form decayed faster than did the heat-resistant form. We conclude that androgens have specific effects on both the amount as well as the biochemical properties of ODC activity in mouse kidney. PMID- 6519355 TI - Cerebral palsy and perinatal deaths in geographically defined populations with different perinatal services. AB - The number of perinatal deaths and of children with cerebral palsy among 23,039 total births between 1973 and 1978 in one Swedish county were examined by comparing two populations which differed by the presence or absence of a neonatal ward (special care baby unit) in the maternity hospital for the district. No support was found for the assumption that lower perinatal mortality in the region without a neonatal ward would be at the cost of an increased number with cerebral palsy. Between the two three-year periods there was a highly significant decrease in perinatal mortality in the sample without a neonatal ward. When perinatal deaths and cerebral palsy were considered together the decline remained highly significant. The corresponding change in the sample with a neonatal ward was smaller and non-significant. PMID- 6519356 TI - Myasthenia gravis in Chinese children. AB - A clinical study of 50 Southern Chinese myasthenic children observed for periods of two to 18 years (six years on average) revealed manifestations different from those of caucasian patients. Onset was early, at an average of 4.8 years. 82 per cent had ocular myasthenia. Ophthalmoplegia followed ptosis between three months and 10 years later. Additional facial and isolated limb-muscle fatigability developed in only 6 per cent within three months to 3 1/2 years. Only 12 per cent developed generalized myasthenia. Although extension from ocular to the generalized form did not occur later than 20 months after onset, a deterioration in ocular symptoms, without extension into generalized myasthenia, occurred in nine of 18 children during adolescence. Ptosis and generalized myasthenia responded better to anticholinesterase and/or prednisone. Ophthalmoplegia was difficult to treat. The natural clinical course was benign. Spontaneous remission occurred in 62 per cent of cases, but 54.8 per cent of these relapsed, all confined to ocular muscles. Although there was no familial occurrence of myasthenia gravis, an association was found between myasthenia and thyroid disorders in some patients and their relatives. The association with HLA BW46 antigen was striking. Acetylcholine receptor antibodies were absent in the majority, but mildly elevated titres were found in three of five patients whose ocular symptoms deteriorated during adolescence, without extension into generalized myasthenia. PMID- 6519357 TI - A simple method of assessing intracranial pressure in hydrocephalic patients with shunts. AB - A simple method is described for assessing intracranial pressure in patients with Holter valves when the function is questionable. The method entails measuring intravalvular pressure by puncturing the valve belly with a fine needle connected to a manometer. High pressure suggests a distal occlusion; very low pressure coupled with difficulty in aspirating CSF suggests a proximal occlusion. All pressures have to be corrected by the addition of a factor equal to half the pressure specification of the valve. The results of a pilot study support these conclusions. PMID- 6519358 TI - Propanolol ('Inderal') in the treatment of childhood migraine. AB - In a double-blind crossover study of 39 children with established migraine, there was no difference between treatment with propanolol and placebo as regards frequency, severity or average duration of migraine attacks. There was some evidence that propanolol increased the average length of headaches. PMID- 6519359 TI - Neurological and neuropsychological deficiencies in a group of older adolescents with dyslexia. AB - A group of 34 male adolescents with poor results on a spelling test and 34 controls were examined neurologically and neuropsychologically. The index group was inferior to the controls mainly in tasks involving fine motor control of the left hand, but also in auditory non-verbal sequential information processing and phoneme manipulation tasks. The manual sequencing disorder and the verbal and non verbal auditory problems could be interpreted in terms of deficient information processing in the left hemisphere, but the reason for the psychomotor disorder of co-ordination, mainly in the left hand, remains unclear. PMID- 6519360 TI - Changes in popliteal angle measurement in infants up to one year of age. AB - The purpose of this study was to determine trends in the changes of the popliteal angle in 130 normal infants between one day and 12 months of age, for use in assessing infants with possible neuromuscular pathology. Using a 360 degree goniometer, the popliteal angle was measured with the hip held at 90 degree flexion, to indicate hamstring-muscle tightness. Limitation of knee extension was also measured with the hip extended (HEKE angle) to indicate capsular tightness. Both the popliteal and HEKE angle measurements showed greatest limitation of knee extension at birth, which decreased until eight months of age, when most infants showed no limitation. A highly significant negative correlation was found between age and mean popliteal and HEKE angles. PMID- 6519361 TI - Roentgenographic cranial-base and calvarial measurements of Jamaican children between one month and five years. AB - Three-hundred-and-thirty lateral skull-films obtained from apparently healthy normocephalic Jamaican children between the age of one month and five years were studied, using bony reference points nasion (N), tuberculum sellae (Ts), internal occipital prominence (IOP), inion (I), bregma (B) and lambda (L). Cranial-base length was measured between N-Ts, Ts-IOP and N-I. Calvarial height was measured between Ts-B (anterior calvarium) and Ts-L (posterior calvarium). All the measurements showed an increase with age and were higher in boys. Significant correlations were seen between N-Ts and Ts-IOP, N-Ts and N-I, N-Ts and Ts-B, N-Ts and Ts-L and N-I and Ts-L at all the ages and in both sexes. Ratios between lengths of anterior and posterior cranial-base, as well as between cranial-base lengths and anterior cranial heights, were nearly constant at all the ages and in both sexes. These observations support the view that there is definite proportionality between the growth of anterior and posterior cranial-base lengths, and between anterior calvarial height and cranial-base lengths. On the other hand, a significant increase with age was seen in the ratios N-Ts/Ts-L, N I/Ts/L and Ts/B/Ts-L, suggesting a progressive decrease in growth of posterior calvarial height. A comparison of the data with previously published figures for Indian and Norwegian populations suggests a racial difference in the various cranial-base and calvarial ratios. PMID- 6519362 TI - Perinatal risk factors in the aetiology of hearing loss in preschool children. AB - In order to assess the importance of pertinent perinatal risk factors in causing hearing loss (HI), a retrospective evaluation was made of the records of 146 affected children born in the city of Goteborg between 1970 and 1979. The incidence among six-year-olds born between 1970 and 1974 was 3.8 per 1000 newborns. If only HI of more severe degree was taken into account (above 40dB in the best ear), the remaining incidence was 1.4/1000. Sensorineural HI (SNHI) accounted for 87 per cent of the cases. A positive hereditary tendency for HI was found in 55 per cent. In 61 per cent the origin of the HI was presumably prenatal, either positive heredity alone or in the form of facio-auricular anomalies, syndromes and toxic influences (infection and alcohol) during early pregnancy. Postnatal infections (meningitis, parotitis and secretory otitis media) could be ascertained as causes in about 20 per cent of the cases. For 12 per cent no aetiology could be determined. Perinatal aetiology was probable or possible in about 10 per cent of the children. The frequency of SNHI was found to be increased among survivors of neonatal intensive care, VLBW, LBW and SFD infants. Caesarean section, ventouse and breech delivery were not associated with increased rates, nor were hyperbilirubinaemia, exchange transfusion or birth asphyxia. No cases could be traced to aminoglycoside treatment. Neonatal sepsis/meningitis may have been the cause in two of the 146 cases. Hypoxia as a consequence of apnoea and respiratory distress syndrome necessitating mechanical ventilation appeared to be the major risk-factor in the neonatal period. However, in comparison with genetic predisposition, potentially damaging perinatal factors appeared to be of minor importance. PMID- 6519363 TI - A new spinal brace for use in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. AB - Nine boys with Duchenne muscular dystrophy, chairbound but without scoliosis, were fitted with a recently developed brace of metal and moulded medium-density polyethylene, the modified Calot brace. Each was also fitted with a wrap-around, moulded leather jacket. Each brace held the relaxed lumbar spine in an angle of lordosis similar to that achieved by a brief active effort to sit erect without a brace. Over-all, they proved equally acceptable to patients and carers. The modified Calot brace caused substantially less restriction of pulmonary function and so may be preferable to the moulded leather jacket. PMID- 6519365 TI - When not to treat epilepsy with drugs. PMID- 6519364 TI - An unusual case of recovery from infantile spasms. AB - A six-month-old boy with an uneventful early history and normal development was admitted for treatment of infantile spasms and hypsarrhythmia lasting for a week. Sagittal craniosynostosis was corrected surgically, in preference to a course of ACTH. Large doses of short-acting barbiturates were given during anaesthesia. The child recovered promptly after the operation: there have been no relapses and development was normal when he was seen two years later. PMID- 6519366 TI - Applications of a model for scale-invariant pattern formation in developing systems. AB - A fundamental problem in developmental biology concerns the proportioning of the developing tissue of a morphallactic system into different cell types in a way that is independent of the overall size of the tissue. The two main models for positional information in pattern formation, the source-sink models and the Turing reaction-diffusion models, have shortcomings that limit their applicability. In a previous paper, we described a model that can produce perfectly scale-invariant spatial patterns and analyzed some of its mathematical properties. In the present paper, we demonstrate some of the shortcomings of the standard reaction-diffusion models and discuss the applicability of our model to developmental systems. PMID- 6519367 TI - A requirement for DNA synthesis in foetal hepatocyte differentiation. Effect of cytosine arabinoside on the appearance of the liver isoenzyme of pyruvate kinase. AB - In hepatocyte cultures derived from 15-day-old foetal rats, the appearance of the liver (L) form of pyruvate kinase is blocked when cytosine arabinoside is added on the 2nd day of culture. When added on the 3rd day of culture, the inhibitor of DNA synthesis does not prevent the appearance of the enzyme. If cytosine arabinoside is added on the 2nd day of culture and removed on the 4th day, the enzyme is detected by the 6th day of culture. The specificity of the action of cytosine arabinoside for the L form of pyruvate kinase is in contrast with the lack of effect observed on total protein synthesis and the activity of the embryonic (M2) form of the enzyme. PMID- 6519368 TI - Precardiac mesoderm differentiation in vitro. Actin-isotype synthetic transitions, myofibrillogenesis, initiation of heartbeat, and the possible involvement of collagen. AB - The differentiation of precardiac mesoderm into beating heart tissue was examined during explant culture. Explanted tissue forms tubular heart-like vesicles and initiates rhythmic contractility within 18-24 h in vitro, a developmental time course approximating that observed during in vivo development. Electron microscopic observations reveal that beating heart cells are rich in cytoplasmic myofibrils in varying degrees of order, with some regions containing highly organized myofibrillar arrays. The analysis of actin-isotype biosynthesis, using metabolic labeling with [35S]-methionine and isoelectric-focusing resolution of the synthesized radioactive polypeptides, demonstrates that the initiation of cardiac alpha-actin synthesis and the pattern of transition in the synthesis of alpha-, beta-, and gamma-actin isotypes is equivalent to the initiation time and pattern observed in vivo. A possible collagen involvement in the differentiation process was investigated by assessing the effects of collagen-synthesis inhibitors on the development of the explant cultures. Two different agents, alpha, alpha'-dipyridyl and L-azetidine-2-carboxylic acid, exhibited a dose dependent ability to inhibit the formation of beating heart tissue. When examined by electron microscopy, the nonbeating tissue exhibited a drastic depression of myofibrillogenesis, but otherwise appeared healthy. Further examination of the effect of L-azetidine-2-carboxylic acid demonstrated that the inhibition of myofibril formation and heartbeat was correlated with a 60% inhibition of native collagen synthesis; however, the time-course and pattern of actin-isotype biosynthesis was completely unaffected. The data suggest a possible involvement in heart differentiation that is necessary for either the synthesis of non-actin cardiac contractile proteins or the assembly of cardiac contractile proteins into myofibrils. PMID- 6519369 TI - Cell-to-cell contact in primary embryonic induction: effects of lectin on electrical coupling and neural induction. AB - The effects of lectin (concanavalin A; ConA) on the electrical coupling between inducing chorda-mesoderm and reacting ectoderm cells, and the realization of neural induction were investigated. The electrical coupling between cells of the chorda-mesoderm of the late gastrula (stage 13b) and the competent ectoderm or Con-A-treated ectoderm of the early gastrula (stage 12a) was measured. Neural induction was tested with ectoderm explants which had been combined with the inducing chorda-mesoderm for 1, 3 and 6 h. Electrical coupling was observed after 3 h. By 6 h, the coupling ratio had recovered to the same level as that between the homogeneous germ-layer cells. However, the electrical coupling did not recover in the combinant with Con-A-treated ectoderm. This suggests that Con-A disturbs close cell contact between the ectoderm and chorda-mesoderm cells. Neural induction was realized in the ectoderm which was combined with chorda mesoderm for more than 3 h; this occurred parallel to the recovery of electrical coupling. In contrast, Con-A treatment (50 micrograms/ml) of the competent ectoderm for 30 min prevented neural induction. After 3 h of contact, the neural induction of Con-A-treated ectoderm was only one-third of that of the control ectoderm. The present study suggests that cellular contact between the inducing mesoderm and the ectoderm target cells plays an important role in the realization of neural induction. PMID- 6519370 TI - Effect of manganese on the hepatic microsomal mixed function oxidase enzyme system in the rat. AB - Experiments were conducted to examine the effect of manganese on the hepatic mixed function oxidase system in the rat. Acute treatment with manganese chloride (1-10 mg Mn/kg, ip) produced a significant prolongation of hexobarbital hypnosis in male rats on Days 2 and 3 following metal administration. The threshold dose of manganese to produce this alteration in response was 5 mg Mn/kg and the altered response returned to control values by Day 5. The prolonged hexobarbital hypnosis resulted from Mn inhibition of the hepatic microsomal mixed function oxidase system, the activity of which was assessed using aniline (23%), ethylmorphine (26%), and hexobarbital (27%) as substrates. Manganese treatment also produced significantly reduced levels of cytochrome P-450 (23%) and b5 (21%), but the substrate-induced spectral binding of all three substrates was not altered significantly by Mn when expressed as delta A per nanomole of cytochrome P-450. The activity of NADPH cytochrome c reductase was also significantly decreased (25%) by Mn treatment. Following the in vitro addition of Mn in concentrations ranging from 1 X 10(-6) to 1 X 10(-3) M Mn to microsomes derived from naive rats, there was no decrease in the metabolism of aniline or hexobarbital or cytochrome P-450 levels. Significant inhibition in ethylmorphine metabolism was observed with Mn concentrations of 1 X 10(-4) M and greater. These experiments indicate that acute Mn treatment can alter drug response as the result of decreased hepatic biotransformation which occurs by an indirect mechanism. PMID- 6519371 TI - The verification of a mammalian toxicant classification using a mosquito screening method. AB - Routine toxicity screening of substances using rodents can be time consuming and expensive. For these reasons various alternative methods have been developed, but many lack standardization and acceptance. It was hypothesized that a satisfactory classification of mammalian toxicants could be obtained using a simple mosquito (Aedes aegypti) screening method. To this end, median lethal concentration (LC50) values were determined for a wide variety of mammalian toxicants representing a range of toxicity classes. Each substance was assayed in aqueous solution by incubation for different times, up to 24 hr, using at least 30 individual larvae and six different concentrations, for valid statistical analysis. With few exceptions, the resultant toxicity classes were the same as those determined using mammalian models. This classification was validated further by the very high correlation (r = 0.97) determined between the mosquito LC50 values and the rat LD50 values. These results suggest that this mosquito method can be used to rapidly screen compounds of potential mammalian toxicity. PMID- 6519372 TI - Assessment of the cataractogenic potential of cyclohexanone in guinea pigs and rabbits. AB - The cataractogenic potential of cyclohexanone administered intravenously (0.5 and 5.0 mg/kg) and percutaneously (0.5 ml) was assessed in guinea pigs and rabbits. The negative control article was 0.9% sodium chloride. Positive control articles for guinea pigs were iv galactose and percutaneous dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and for rabbits, iv poly(I) X poly(C) and percutaneous DMSO. An untreated group of guinea pigs was used as a sham control. Animals were treated three times a week for 3 consecutive weeks. Ophthalmic examinations performed monthly for 6 months for treated animals and 7 months for untreated animals revealed the presence of anterior subcapsular vacuoles in guinea pigs in all groups. These lesions consisted of swollen lens fibers that progressed to fiber disruption and protein liquefaction. There was no statistical difference in the incidence and severity of the lesions among treatment groups. No lenticular alterations were noted in any of the rabbits treated with cyclohexanone or any other chemical. It was concluded that these alterations are, apparently, an inherent characteristic of the guinea pig, making that animal an unsuitable model for the assessment of cataractogenic potential of xenobiotics. PMID- 6519373 TI - Aminoglycoside-induced functional and biochemical defects in the renal cortex. AB - The first site of aminoglycoside-cell interaction occurs at the plasma membrane of renal proximal tubular cells which have been shown to selectively transport and accumulate these drugs. Depression of apical membrane transport of organic base, low-molecular-weight protein, and glucose, together with loss of brush border membrane enzymes and phospholipids in the urine which results in altered phospholipid composition of this membrane, occurs early in the course of aminoglycoside administration. Less well appreciated are the alterations which occur at the basolateral membrane. These include decreased transport of organic bases, Ca2+, Na2+, and K+; increased organic acid transport; decreased activity of Na+-K+ ATPase and adenylate cyclase; decreased calcium content; and altered phospholipid composition. Many of these changes are evident within 90 min of a single injection of drug. Lysosomal dysfunction is manifested by the accumulation of phospholipids in the form of myeloid bodies consequent to the inhibition of lysosomal phospholipases by aminoglycosides. Labilization of lysosomes in vivo has been postulated to be a mechanism of cell injury. Mitochondrial dysfunction attributed to aminoglycosides includes impaired respiration, inhibition of Mg2+ binding, inhibition of Ca2+ uptake, increased permeability to monovalent cations, decreased ammoniagenesis, and decreased gluconeogenesis. However, it remains unclear how the drug gains access to mitochondria in vivo in order to initiate the functional derangements. It is evident that aminoglycosides cause multiple metabolic derangements at multiple sites within renal proximal tubular cells. At present the available evidence does not identify which, if any, of these drug effects is responsible for initiating the injury cascade. The strong possibility exists that aminoglycoside nephrotoxicity reflects the net impact of multiple minor metabolic derangements which individually are of little significance but when added together seriously compromise the cell's ability to maintain its structural and functional integrity. PMID- 6519374 TI - H-reflex waveform and latency variability in rats. AB - The right tibial nerve of each of 11 anesthetized male Fischer 344 rats was electrically stimulated at the ankle, and H-reflexes were recorded simultaneously from four locations in the hind foot. Needle electrodes were used for stimulating and recording. The mean (+/- SD) latency to the dominant peak of the H reflex was 10.21 +/- 0.75 msec. Individual rats had a 10% difference in latency from the "fastest" to the "slowest" locations in the foot, although any of the four locations could produce the fastest (shortest latency) response. The H reflexes varied from simple, single peak waveforms to complex multiple peak waveforms. The dominant peak polarity was unpredictably either positive or negative. These variations in complexity and latency occurred among rats and among the four locations within an individual rat. The dominant peak was identified in complex waveforms by adjusting the stimulating intensity and by recording from more than one location in the foot. The smallest coefficient of variation (5.57%) resulted from selecting data from the fastest electrode locations. PMID- 6519375 TI - Design of animal carcinogenicity studies for goodness-of-fit of multistage models. AB - The effect of bioassay design changes on the variability of risk estimates in the experimental dose region is investigated. Three-dose designs with a control group and other "usual" designs utilizing 200 animals are studied in detail. Constraints on the minimum power of the linear trend test in proportions are used to eliminate designs with unacceptable power. An acceptable design region is compared to designs aimed at improving the low dose extrapolation. A group of designs acceptable for a range of objectives is proposed. PMID- 6519376 TI - Chronic toxicity, reproductive, and teratogenic studies of hexazinone. AB - Hexazinone [3-cyclohexyl-6-(dimethylamino)-1-methyl-1,3,5-triazine 2,4(1H,3H) dione; CAS 51235-04-2] was tested for oral toxicity in rats (both 90-day and 2 year feeding studies), mice (8-week and 2-year feeding studies), and dogs (90-day feeding study). The teratogenic potential was evaluated in rabbits and rats and functional reproductive capacity was studied in rats. Ninety-day feeding of up to 1000 ppm produced no signs of a toxic response in rats. Rats fed 5000 ppm had growth curves slightly inferior to those of the controls as the only detectable difference. Extending the feeding period to 2 years produced decreased body weights in males fed 2500 ppm (top level tested) and in females fed either 1000 or 2500 ppm. All other indices of response, including the type and distribution of tumors, were similar in the test and control rats with the no-effect level being 200 ppm. Eight-week feeding of up to 10,000 ppm in mice produced increased liver weight only at the highest level without any other changes. Two-year feeding of either 200, 2500, or 10,000 ppm resulted in sloughing of the distal tip of the tail and increased liver weights among mice fed 10,000 ppm. Hypertrophy of centrilobular hepatocytes and hyperplasic nodules were increased in mice fed either 2500 or 10,000 ppm. No evidence of a tumorigenic response was evident. The no-effect level was 200 ppm. Dogs fed 5000 ppm for 90 days had decreased rate of body weight gain with clinical enzyme changes suggestive of liver damage. Microscopic examination of the liver failed to reveal any alterations and dogs fed either 200 or 1000 ppm were indistinguishable from controls. The no-effect level in the dog was 1000 ppm. No evidence of a teratogenic response was seen in either rats or rabbits and reproduction capacity in rats fed up to 2500 ppm for three generations was unaffected. PMID- 6519377 TI - Cholestyramine-enhanced fecal elimination of carbon-14 in rats after administration of ammonium [14C]perfluorooctanoate or potassium [14C]perfluorooctanesulfonate. AB - After a single intravenous dose of ammonium [14C]perfluorooctanoate [( 14C]PFO, 13.3 mg/kg) or of potassium [14C]perfluorooctanesulfonate [( 14C]PFOS, 3.4 mg/kg) to rats, cholestyramine fed daily as a 4% mixture in feed was shown to increase the total carbon-14 eliminated via feces and to decrease liver concentration of carbon-14. Rats were fed cholestyramine in feed for 14 days after administration of [14C]PFO and for 21 days after administration of [14C]PFOS. Control rats were administered radiolabeled fluorochemical but were not treated with cholestyramine. Cholestyramine treatment increased mean cumulative carbon-14 elimination in feces by 9.8-fold for rats administered [14C]PFO and by 9.5-fold for rats administered [14C]PFOS. After [14C]PFO, a mean of 4% of the dose of carbon-14 was in liver of cholestyramine-treated rats at 14 days versus 7.6% in control rats; after [14C]PFOS, 11.3% of the dose was in liver at 21 days versus 40.3% in control rats. After administration of either radiolabeled compound, plasma and red blood cell carbon-14 concentrations, which were relatively lower than liver concentrations, were also significantly reduced by cholestyramine treatment. PMID- 6519379 TI - Postnatal toxicity following prenatal reserpine exposure in rats: effects of dose and dosing schedule. AB - Pregnant CD rats were treated subcutaneously with 0, 0.1, 0.33, or 1.0 mg reserpine/kg/day either on Days 12-15 or on Days 16-19 of gestation. Dams were allowed to deliver and litters (4 +/- 1 of each sex) were weighed weekly and held to 21 days of age. Basal ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity and neurochemical determinations were made on hearts and brains, respectively, from pups culled from litters on postnatal Day 1, and from two males and two females/litter at 21 days of age. Following both treatment schedules, the high dose of reserpine resulted in maternal weight loss during dosing, increased stillborn pups, reduced pup weight at birth, retarded postnatal growth, and decreased survival to 21 days of age. Basal cardiac ODC activity was reduced to 33% of control levels only on Postnatal Day 1 in both high-dose groups, while absolute heart weight decreased and relative heart weight increased in these pups. Whole-brain concentrations of two neurotransmitter metabolites, 3-4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) and 5 hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), were increased only at Postnatal Day 1 in the high dose group treated on Days 12-15 of gestation. No other changes were found in concentrations of these metabolites or in the transmitters dopamine and serotonin. The only effect found following administration of 0.33 mg/kg reserpine was a reduction in maternal weight gained during both dosing periods. No signs of toxicity were observed following low-dose exposure on either schedule. Most previously reported postnatal functional studies following reserpine exposure have used mid- to late-gestational treatment with 1.0 mg/kg, a dose shown here to result in marked overt maternal and fetal toxicity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6519378 TI - Teratogenic dose-response relationships of etretinate in the golden hamster. AB - Etretinate (Ro 10-9359; Tigason; 4-methoxy-2,3,6-trimethylphenyl analog of retinoic acid, ethyl ester) was evaluated for teratogenic activity in the Syrian golden hamster. Groups of pregnant hamsters were given a single oral dose of 2.8 88 mg/kg etretinate during the early primitive streak stage of gestation. No signs of maternal intoxication were observed in any of the hamsters given the retinoid and maternal body weight changes throughout gestation were not significantly different from those of the vehicle-treated group. Etretinate administration was associated with a dose-dependent increase in the incidence and severity of malformations. The average fetal body weight was significantly less in litters recovered from dams given 44 or 88 mg/kg of etretinate when compared to the average body weight of fetuses recovered from dams given an equivalent volume of the vehicle. The average crown-rump lengths also were significantly shorter in fetuses taken from the dams given 44 or 88 mg/kg etretinate as compared to the control group. The malformations induced by etretinate administration were similar to those noted following an oral dose of all-trans retinoic acid (Willhite and Shealy, 1984). A comparison of the dose-response curves for induction of terata following treatment with etretinate or all-trans retinoic acid revealed that etretinate was twice as potent as a teratogen in the hamster as all-trans-retinoic acid. Teratogenic activity of etretinate in the hamster was achieved at doses (mg/kg body wt) used in patients at current clinical therapeutic levels. PMID- 6519380 TI - Recovery from amiodarone-induced lipidosis in laboratory animals: a toxicological study. AB - Numerous amphiphilic cationic drugs cause lipid-lysosomal storage in animal tissues; one of these drugs is amiodarone, a major antiarrhythmic agent. The toxicological effects of amiodarone were studied in three animal species (rats, dogs, and monkeys). It was shown that sublethal dose levels of amiodarone induced lipid storage in a great variety of tissues in rats (Fischer and Sprague-Dawley strains) and dogs. However, this change was not observed in baboons and Wistar rats. This storage, essentially characterized by lamellated inclusions, affected foamy macrophages, and at a later phase multiple cell types. Tissue biochemical analysis provided evidence of the phospholipidic nature of the storage. In addition, amiodarone induced an increased cholesterolemia and marked modifications of the lipoproteinogram. The kinetics of lipid storage was demonstrated following oral administration of amiodarone. After jejunal absorption, lipid storage occurred in the mesenteric lymph nodes followed by widespread deposition in the other lymph nodes and tissues, particularly in the lung. A complete recovery from lipid storage as observed in dogs and rats. Finally, an investigation of a correlation between animal and man by means of long-term experiments is proposed. PMID- 6519381 TI - [Hemodynamic significance of an anatomo-functional classification of myocardial infarction]. AB - Recently we proposed a topographical classification of myocardial infarction (MI) based on the site and extension of left ventricular asynergy (AS) detected by Two dimensional Echocardiography (2D ECHO) at rest: a) Anterior MI: 1) apical MI with AS of apical segments only, 2) apico-septal MI with AS of apex and septum, 3) apico-septo-lateral MI with involvement of septum, apex and antero-lateral wall. b) Inferior MI: 1) isolated inferior MI with involvement of infero-dorsal wall segments; 2) infero-apical MI with AS of inferior wall and apex, 3) infero-apico septal MI with kinetic abnormalities of inferior wall, apex and septum and finally c) antero-inferior MI with large AS of septum, apex, antero-lateral and inferior wall. In order to validate the functional significance of this classification, 2D ECHO at rest and symptom limited bicycle ergometric test (E) in supine position with EC-Graphic and hemodynamic monitoring (Swan-Ganz cath.), were performed in the same day within two months after a first transmural MI, in 259 patients, I-II NYHA classes. Among anterior MIs, diastolic pulmonary arterial pressure (PAedP) at rest was normal and similar in apical and apico-septal MIs (11 +/- 3 mmHg). It was significantly (p less than .001) higher 14 +/- 5 mmHg in apico-septo-lateral MIs. Left ventricular stroke work index (LVSWI) was higher in apical MIs (55 +/- 14) than in apico-septal (47 +/- 12, p less than .01) and in apico-septo-lateral MIs (38 +/- 9, p less than .001). Maximal work load during E was 86 +/- 31 watt in apical MIs, 77 +/- 29 watt in apico-septal MIs and 70 +/- 25 in apico-septo-lateral MIs with significant difference (p less than .05) only between the last ones and apical MIs. The PAedP during E was normal (20 +/- 7 mmHg) in apical MI, but increased abnormally in apico-septal (24 +/- 7 mmHg) and in apico-septo-lateral (27 +/- 7 mmHg) with a significant difference (p less than .01) only between apical and apico-septo-lateral MIs. In inferior MIs, hemodynamic data at rest were similar in pts with isolated inferior, infero apical and infero-apico-septal MIs. Maximal work load, similar in inferior and infero-apical MI (88 +/- 30 W) was higher (p less than .01) than in infero-apico septal (68 +/- 22W).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6519383 TI - [Costs, benefits and hazards of electrophysiologic studies in sinoatrial and atrioventricular block]. AB - Time and costs involved in electrophysiologic study for sino-atrial and/or atrio ventricular blocks were evaluated in 42 patients. Analysis of charge for staff, specific electrophysiologic equipment and disposable items reveals an operating cost of 540.000 lire per study. An electrophysiologic study is the only method of diagnosing with certainty the level of A-V block and of assessing the prognosis of patients with infranodal conduction disease. It also allows a careful choice of permanent pacing mode. The potential risk, although small involved in this procedure, its cost and the need of a high operating standard suggest however that the number of electrophysiology laboratories should not indiscriminately increase. PMID- 6519382 TI - [Influence of beta block and autonomic nerve block on the recovery time of the sinus node in sick sinus syndrome and carotid sinus syndrome]. AB - In order to evaluate the relative role of the automatic nervus system and of the intrinsic electrophysiologic properties on the sinus node function, we measured the corrected sinus node recovery time before and after autonomic nervous system blockade in 24 patients. Fourteen had a sick sinus syndrome, five had a carotid sinus syncope, two had syncope of unknown origin associated with bradycardia. Beta blockade was obtained by infusing metoprolol intravenously at a dosage of 0.2 mg/kg; complete automatic blockade was achieved by further i.v. administration of atropine at a dosage of 0.04 mg/kg. After beta blockade, the corrected sinus node recovery time increased in patients with sick sinus syndrome and intrinsic slow heart rate, whereas it decreased in patients with carotid sinus syncope or with syncope and bradycardia. In patients with sick sinus syndrome and normal intrinsic heart rate the response was variable. A positive direct correlation was found between the changes of the corrected sinus node recovery time induced by beta blockade and those induced by autonomic blockade; that is, both either prolonged or shortened the corrected sinus node recovery time. The changes of the corrected sinus node recovery time after beta blockade alone were inversely correlated with the intrinsic heart rate. We conclude that patients with intrinsic depression of the sinus node have an increased sympathetic tone. PMID- 6519384 TI - [Comparative clinical evaluation of left ventricular ejection time using carotid and ear pulses]. AB - The aim of this study was to verify if in the clinical use the relationship between the morphology of the carotid pulse and of the ear densitogram was constant enough to validate the measurement of left ventricular ejection time from the ear densitogram. In 92 subjects, aged 5-84 years, carotid pulse and ear densitogram were simultaneously recorded. The ear densitogram was electronically processed with 3 different filters, in an effort to duplicate the carotid pulse and thus to facilitate the measurements of the ejection time. Mean ejection time was 265.5 +/- 24.87 msec. for carotid pulse, and 265.7 +/- 24.19, 265.2 +/- 24.25, 266.2 +/- 24.78 for the ear densitographic methods. Analysis of variance did not show any differences among the 4 methods. We conclude that quite a constant relationship between carotid pulse and ear densitogram is present in clinical measurements. Thus, the carotid pulse can be reliably substituted by the ear densitogram. PMID- 6519385 TI - Hemodynamic effects of antiarrhythmic drugs in acute myocardial infarction. AB - The hemodynamic effects induced by an i.v. administration of Amiodarone (5 mg/Kg in 10 min + continuous infusion of 0.6 mg/min for 4-40 hrs), Propafenone (1-2 mg/Kg in 5 min + continuous infusion of 10-15 mcg/Kg/min for 24 hrs) and Mexiletine (250 mg in 15 min + 250 mg in 1 hr) have been evaluated in patients with acute myocardial infarction complicated by sinus tachycardia and hyperdynamic pattern, ventricular or supraventricular arrhythmias. The hemodynamic serial determinations have been comprehensive of: heart rate; systolic, diastolic and mean pressure; central venous pressure; arterial and wedge pulmonary pressure; cardiac output and cardiac index; vascular systemic resistences; left ventricular stroke work index; left ventricular mean ejection rate; double and triple product. In all of the three groups we observed: a reduction of cardiac index associated with an increase of left and right ventricular filling pressure and a reduction either of left ventricular stroke work index and left ventricular mean ejection rate; these hemodynamic changes were less significant after Mexiletine than after Amiodarone or Propafenone. These data confirm the negative inotropic effect of the three drugs; anyhow, these changes are usually well tolerated by patients affected by AMI with a sufficiently preserved ventricular function. The authors, however, reccommend an accurate hemodynamic monitoring of the effects of the drugs also to identify patients with a not overt ventricular failure which may become manifest after drug administration. PMID- 6519386 TI - Electrophysiological study of atrio-ventricular block and ventricular conduction defects. Prognostic and therapeutical implications. AB - His bundle study with long term follow-up (mean 42 months) was performed in 155 patients (107 with previous syncope, 48 without or with few symptoms). The electrocardiogram showed various conduction abnormalities, but in some cases it was normal. Patients were excluded at the beginning of the study, if they showed sick sinus syndrome, recorded 3rd degree atrioventricular block, angina pectoris, recent myocardial infarction, congenital or surgical cardiac block. In previous studies the diagnostic sensibility and specificity of ajmaline (1 mg/kg/1' i.v.) and overdriving tests have been evaluated. In this study the prognostic meaning of these tests has been evaluated. During a mean 42 months follow-up, 17 patients (10.9%) developed advanced atrioventricular block. A higher risk of developing advanced atrioventricular block below the AV node was detected in patients who showed: basal HV greater than or equal to 65 ms (33% developed advanced atrioventricular block vs 4.7% of patients with basal HV less than 65 ms; p less than 0.001); HV value greater than or equal to 120 ms or 2nd-3rd degree atrioventricular block during ajmaline test (40% progressed to advanced atrio ventricular block vs 0.85%; p less than 0.001); HV prolonged greater than 10 ms or 2nd-3rd degree atrioventricular block during atrial pacing (40% progressed to a atrioventricular block vs 3.4%; p less than 0.001) regardless of previous syncope.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6519387 TI - Diagnosis of ventricular tachyarrhythmias by ambulatory electrocardiographic monitoring. Correlation with his bundle electrography. AB - The aim of the present study was to compare the prediction of bradyarrhythmias via the corrected sinus node recovery time and the His bundle electrogram with the findings made during long term electrocardiographic recording. Ninety-two patients, aged 17-88 years, were included in the study with a suspicion of Adams Stokes' syndrome. During long term electrocardiographic recording only 40 patients had symptoms while 52 could not tolerate long term electrocardiographic recording until symptoms had appeared. Seven out 37 patients with sick sinus syndrome and 2 out of 9 with atrioventricular block 2 degrees/3 degrees had additional significant ventricular arrhythmias. A total of 10 patients had prolonged (greater than or equal to 160 msec) atrium to His intervals, among them 2 had significant ventricular arrhythmia but failed to have symptoms during long term electrocardiographic recording. In 22 patients the His to ventricle interval was moderately prolonged (56-79 msec), among them 7 had significant ventricular arrhythmias (5 with symptoms during long term electrocardiographic recording). Out of 5 patients with markedly H-V interval prolonged, 3 patients had 2 degrees/3 degrees atrio-ventricular block and 1 patient had atrial tachyarrhythmia during long term electrocardiographic recording. In conclusion prolonged H-V intervals are frequent in patients with episodic atrioventricular block but also in patients who have symptomatic ventricular tachyarrhythmias. Long term electrocardiographic recording is essential for the differentiation between symptomatic ventricular arrhythmia and symptomatic atrioventricular block in patients with prolonged HV-intervals. PMID- 6519388 TI - Permanent pacemakers for paroxysmal tachycardia. AB - In this paper the various types of permanent antetachycardia pacemakers are discussed, whether they be patient activated or fully automatic. Simple underdrive and burst overdrive pacemakers are discussed and the more advanced burst pacing systems that are under evaluation at present are also described. The most recent advances in this field have occurred in relation to the development of adaptive extra stimulus pacemakers and these are discussed in greater detail. Finally the author's view on future developments in this field are outlined. PMID- 6519389 TI - Permanent physiological pacing. AB - Ideal physiological form of pacing responds to body's needs for varying cardiac output indipendent of the requirement to synchronize with atrial activity. The atrial synchronous pacemakers are superior to the ventricular inhibited fixed rate pacing mode. Alternative methods of sensing physiological demands with single chamber ventricular pacing that produce a physiological rate response to exercise are described. System based on QT sensing and pacing system responsive to changes in respiratory rate have undergone successful clinical trials. Hemodynamics of rate responsive pacing are described. The highest cardiac performance during stress test in rate responsive pacing was achieved with the respiratory dependent pacemaker. PMID- 6519390 TI - [Acute myocardial infarction in a 13-year-old boy with Duchenne's disease]. AB - A 13-year-old boy with Duchenne's muscular dystrophy suffered an acute myocardial infarction as shown by typical electrocardiographic and enzyme changes, and by the results of radionuclide studies. this is the third reported case of the acute myocardial infarction in a patient with Duchenne's muscular dystrophy. PMID- 6519391 TI - Pulmonary valve agenesis and supravalvular pulmonary stenosis. Report of a case and review of literature. AB - Pulmonary valve agenesis is a rare malformation, and is usually associated with a ventricular septal defect. Occasionally it may be associated also with right ventricular outflow obstruction. Children with this syndrome usually die early in infancy either of intractable heart failure or of severe respiratory distress. Rare instances of association with peripheral pulmonary stenoses have also been reported. We report the case of a three-year-old girl, asymptomatic except for failure to thrive, with pulmonary valve agenesis and coarctation of the pulmonary artery trunk. PMID- 6519392 TI - Epicardial, endocardial and transmural mapping in assessing electrophysiological effects of 14-C lidocaine and 14-C propafenone on activation times in experimental chronic myocardial infarction. Correlations with myocardial drugs concentrations. AB - The electrophysiological effects of lidocaine (L) and propafenone (P) in chronic myocardial infarction in relation to tissue drug concentrations (TDC) are unknown. Thus of 16 dogs with one week old myocardial infarction, 8 received propafenone 2 mg/kg and 8 lidocaine 5 mg/kg followed by 0.2 mg/kg/min of either drug for 60 min. Epicardial (EPI) mapping (greater than 30 points) was performed with a bipolar electrode. Endocardial (ENDO) and transmural (TRANS) mapping (greater than 20 points) were performed with 4 pairs of needle mounted bipolar electrodes. The % change in activation times (% delta AT) in EPI, ENDO and TRANS was evaluated in normal (N) and infarcted (I) zones at control and 60 min after drugs. Ventricular arrhythmias (VA) were studied with programmed extra stimulation. Results (P less than 0.01 to L, P less than 0.01 to N zone, # P less than 0.05 to ENDO): (Table: see text) At 60' ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation were both still inducible in 50% in the lidocaine group (37% in control), while only in 16% in the propafenone group (62% in control). Despite lower drug concentrations in the infarct, the effects on AT are comparable to normal zones for both drugs. In conclusion lidocaine reduces and propafenone increases AT, affecting in opposite directions the inducibility of reentrant ventricular arrhythmias. PMID- 6519393 TI - Acute clinical benefits of a new inotropic agent AR-L 115 BS after i.v. and oral administration. AB - AR-L 115 BS is a new active noncatecholamine, non glycoside phenyl-imidazo pyridine derivative inotropic agent. It has a strong inotropic effect in experimental animals. Its effectiveness and associated adverse effects were tested in 23 patients with severe heart failure (NYHA class III to IV). Intravenous administration of AR-L 115 BS at 1.4 mg/min for 6 hours in 11 patients increased cardiac index from 2.07 +/- 0.13 to 2.99 +/- 0.203 l/min/m2 (p less than 0.005) while pulmonary wedge pressure decreased from 23 +/- 2 to 13 +/- 2 mm Hg (p less than 0.005). Systemic vascular resistance fell from 1759 +/- 137 to 1263 +/- 71 dynes.sec. cm-5 (p less than 0.005). Heart rate and blood pressure remained unchanged. Following oral administration (450 mg) in 12 other patients, cardiac performance was similarly improved. Hemodynamic changes were apparent as early as 60 min after administration, and the duration of action ranged from 5 to 7 hours. No serious arrhythmias or side effects occurred. It could therefore be useful in the management of congestive heart failure. PMID- 6519394 TI - Single cell origin of radiation-induced thymic lymphoma in mice with cellular mosaicism. AB - The clonal origin of radiation-induced thymic lymphoma was studied in mice with cellular mosaicism for phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK). Repeated whole-body X irradiations (4 doses, 1.7 Gy each) with intervals of 7 days resulted in development of thymic lymphomas in the mosaic mice. PGK from all lymphomas gave only a single spot on electrophoresis. The results demonstrate the single cell origin of the thymic lymphoma. PMID- 6519395 TI - Correlation between drug sensitivity determined by clonogenic cell assay and clinical effect of chemotherapy in patients with primary lung cancer. AB - Correlation studies between the sensitivity of tumor cells determined by clonogenic cell assay and the clinical effect of chemotherapy were performed in patients with primary lung cancer. Thirty-four of 48 patients showed adequate colony formation (greater than or equal to 30 colonies) to test in vitro chemosensitivity. Colony formation of tumor specimens did not differ with regards to prognostic factors such as sex, age, stage, performance status, and prior chemotherapy. The two criteria of in vitro chemosensitivity employed were greater than 70% and 50% reduction in colony numbers. When in vitro chemosensitivity was defined as a colony reduction of greater than 50%, the true positive rate in the assay was 57%, while the true negative rate was 85%. In this case, the predictive accuracy was 79%. When in vitro chemosensitivity was defined as a colony reduction of greater than 70%, the true positive rate for the assay was 100%, while the true negative rate was 81%. In this case, the predictive accuracy was 82%. By Fisher's exact probability test, the overall in vitro/in vivo correlation was statistically significant (P = 0.042 less than 0.05) with the 50% cut-off point, but was not significant (P = 0.053 greater than 0.05) with the 70% cut-off point. PMID- 6519396 TI - Summation and synergism in the promotion of urinary bladder carcinogenesis initiated by N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)-nitrosamine in F344 rats. AB - Summation and synergism in the effects of three tumor promoters on urinary bladder carcinogenesis initiated by a 4-week treatment with 0.05% N-butyl-N-(4 hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine (BBN) in male F344 rats were examined. In experiment 1, the sequential administration of sodium saccharin (SS, 5.0%), DL-tryptophan (Tr, 2.0%) and sodium L-ascorbate (SA, 5.0%) in the diet, each for 10 weeks, significantly increased the incidence and the number of bladder tumors over that observed after SS alone or SS followed by Tr. In experiment 2, the simultaneous dietary administration of 2.5% SA, 1.0% butylated hydroxyanisole and 0.01% allopurinol for 32 weeks significantly increased the yield of bladder tumors. Paired combinations of promoters or each of the promoters administered alone were associated with a less pronounced promotive effect than when all three were combined. Thus, it is evident from the results of the present investigation that whatever the mechanisms underlying promotion by the different agents, they are capable of working in an additive fashion, under conditions of summation (consecutive administration) or synergism (simultaneous administration). PMID- 6519397 TI - Stable intestinal phenotypic expression of gastric and small intestinal tumor cells induced by N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine or methylnitrosourea in rats. AB - On the basis of paradoxical concanavalin A (Con A) staining, the tendency of tumor cells of gastric phenotype to shift to intestinal phenotype and the stability of the latter phenotype in stomach tumors of different sizes were examined quantitatively with an image processor. Phenotypic expression of tumors of the small intestine was also studied. One hundred male Wistar rats were given N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) at 50 micrograms/ml in their drinking water for 20 weeks (group 1). Twenty male F344 rats were given methylnitrosourea (MNU) at a dose of 50 mg/kg ip twice a week for 2 weeks (group 2). Rats in group 1 were killed in week 50 of the experiment and rats in group 2 were killed in week 25. In group 1, the percentage areas of intestinal-type cells in small, medium and large adenocarcinoma of the stomach were 0.5, 2.7 and 6.6%, the differences between these values being significant (P less than 0.05-0.01). Intestinal phenotypic expression of tumor cells of the stomach is stable and the proportion of intestinal-type cells in adenocarcinomas of the stomach is higher in the larger tumors. Adenomatous hyperplasias and adenocarcinomas of the small intestine in groups 1 and 2 were all composed entirely of cells of the intestinal type. These results suggested that intestinal-type cells in adenocarcinoma of the stomach did not originate from intestinal metaplasias but from gastric-type cells in stomach adenocarcinomas. PMID- 6519398 TI - Species difference between rats and mice in activities of enzymes activating aromatic amines: effect of dietary 3-methoxy-4-aminoazobenzene. AB - Male Donryu rats and B6C3F1 mice were treated with dietary 3-methoxy-4 aminoazobenzene (3-MeO-AAB) (0.06% or 0.09%), and subcellular fractions of the liver were examined for ability to mutagenically activate 3-MeO-AAB and 2 amino acid pyrolysate components using Salmonella typhimurium TA 98 as a tester strain. The treatment resulted in striking induction of enzyme(s) for the mutagenic activation of these aromatic amines in rats, but the effect was smaller in mice. The enzyme(s) involved in the reaction was characterized as an isotype of microsomal cytochrome P-448. PMID- 6519399 TI - [Changes in circulating lymphocyte subsets in alcoholic hepatopathies. Respective role of alcohol, hepatocellular insufficiency and malnutrition]. AB - Peripheral lymphocyte subpopulations have been quantified by a direct and indirect, immunofluorescence technique, using monoclonal antibodies, in 22 patients with continued heavy drinking, hepatocellular dysfunction (spider angiomata, ascites, and factor V decrease) (group I), in 16 patients with a history of heavy drinking and abstinence maintained for at least 6 months and hepatocellular dysfunction (group II) and in 28 patients admitted for continued heavy drinking, without hepatocellular dysfunction (group III). Sixteen normal subjects were studied as controls. The total number of lymphocytes and T lymphocytes (OKT3+) were significantly reduced (p less than 0.001) in groups I and II. A significant decrease of B lymphocytes was observed in group II (p less than 0.02). The OKT8+ lymphocytes were significantly reduced in group I (p less than 0.01) and in group II (p less than 0.001); the decrease of the OKT4+ lymphocytes was significant in group II (p less than 0.01) only. The OKT4/OKT8 ratio was higher in group I (p less than 0.05) and group II (p less than 0.01) than in the control group. Normal values of total lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, T lymphocytes subsets and OKT4/OKT8 ratio were observed in group III. In group III, the lymphocyte subpopulations and OKT4/OKT8 ratio were similar in patients with or without abnormalities of liver function tests. In group I and II, no correlation was found between the lymphocyte subpopulations or the OKT4/OKT8 ratio and factor V or nutritional status assessed by anthropometrical and biological tests. T-cell imbalance in alcoholic liver disease does not seem to be related to alcohol consumption, factor V decrease or malnutrition. PMID- 6519401 TI - Indications for, and advantages and disadvantages of multicenter clinical trials. PMID- 6519402 TI - [Omeprazole: a new mechanism of action and an unprecedented efficacy in the treatment of gastric acid hypersecretion]. PMID- 6519400 TI - [Alcohol consumption, cirrhosis: epidemiological aspects]. PMID- 6519403 TI - [Gastric secretory, ultrastructural and pH changes during prolonged treatment with omeprazole in a severe form of Zollinger-Ellison syndrome]. AB - Omeprazole, a powerful and long-lasting gastric anti-secretory benziimidazole derivative has been used to treat a particularly severe case of Zollinger-Ellison syndrome with familial type I multiple endocrine involvement. Before treatment with omeprazole, the patient's basal acid secretion, ranging from 50 to 100 mmol/h, had been poorly controlled by cimetidine (doses of up to 2,400 mg/d), ranitidine (doses of up to 1,200 mg/d) and even by ranitidine (1,200 mg/d) combined with pirenzepine (150 mg/d). Upon oral administration of four 20-mg capsules of omeprazole twice daily, rapid healing of the diffuse mucosal ulcerations of the upper GI tract as well as control of diarrhea were achieved. Clinical benefit accompagnied dramatic and sustained reductions in gastric acid secretion as demonstrated by repeated basal output measurements and 24-hour intragastric pH recording. The biodisponibility of omeprazole improved as gastric intraluminal acidity was reduced. The effects of omeprazole on pepsin output appeared to be mainly related to the reduction of gastric secretory volume. After more than one year of treatment, neither clinical nor biological side-effects were noted. However, repeated ultrastructural studies of fundic gastric mucosa revealed two types of alterations: a) a pattern of hyper-stimulated parietal cells with turgescent intra-cellular micro-canalicus invested by numerous microvilli; b) in about a fourth of the parietal cells, cytoplasmic modifications resembling auto-phagosomia and mitochondrial reduction in number and morphological transformation. Poorly understood to date, these alterations call for regular histological control of the gastric mucosa in patients with Zollinger Ellison syndrome submitted to long-term administration of large doses of omeprazole. PMID- 6519404 TI - [Changes in electromyogram of the colon related to ingestion of undigestible particles in dogs]. AB - The relationship between undigestible particle intake and myoelectric activity of the colon was examined in three dogs fed with a low-fiber diet alone or with polyethylene particles containing 10 p. 100 and 45 p. 100 of dry matter. When compared to controls colonic electromyograms of dogs fed on polyethylene revealed a 40 p. 100 reduction in long spike bursts (LSBs). The sequences of LSBs propagated over long distances, or MSBs (migrating spike bursts) were unchanged and only the myoelectric activity corresponding to LSBs propagated for very short distances was abolished by polyethylene diets. Concurrently, the percentage of water excreted in the feces was increased. Undigestible and inert particles were thus able to modify the colonic motor profile and to increase the fecal excretion of water. Such effects were similar to those observed with dietary fibers. It is suggested that dietary fiber effects on fecal excretion and colonic motility are partially induced by their mechanical action on the intestinal wall. In addition, the absence of LSBs propagated in both directions and for short distances on the canine proximal and transverse colons seems to be a limiting factor in the movements of water absorption. PMID- 6519405 TI - [Chemoinduced early precancerous colonic lesions in rats]. AB - The aim of this study was to investigate the early histological changes during 1.2-dimethylhydrazine-induced carcinogenesis in the rat, and to search for a dose response relationship. Thirty Wistar female rats received 1.2-methylhydrazine 15 mg/kg sc, weekly in a single injection, and were sacrificed after 1 to 9 weeks. The left portion of the colon was cut serially (300-350 sections per animal) and was then submitted to a routine histochemical study with 18 stains. Loss of mucous secretion and apical basophilia lesions were observed as early as the 2nd week. The rate of apical basophilia lesions, expressed in percentage of the total number of lesions, was significantly correlated with the total dose of carcinogen administered (p less than 0.001). The severity of the lesions (expressed as the logarithm of the total number of sections showing altered tubes) increased with the dose, first quickly, then more slowly afterwards. A significant correlation was observed between the site, as defined by the distance from the anal verge and the severity of the injuries (p less than 0.001) as they were located more proximally as the doses increased. The comparison of the results obtained from this series of animals sacrificed early and those from a former series with spontaneous survival, suggests that only 2 p. 100 of the apical basophilia lesions should develop macroscopic lesions (polyps or cancers). Hence, it is advisable to consider the chronology and the site of the sampling in order to interpret apparently divergent series.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6519406 TI - [Icterus disclosing pancreatic involvement in idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome]. AB - We report herein what we think is the first case of an idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome in which jaundice (caused by eosinophilic pancreatitis) was the first major symptom. The duodenum and an antral polyp were also infiltrated by eosinophils. In our case, diagnosis was based upon the classic three fold criteria: a) persistent eosinophilia (greater than or equal to 1,500/mm3, b) lack of evidence for any other recognized cause of eosinophilia, c) multiple organ systemic involvement: skin, lymph nodes, heart (detected by routine echocardiography), nerves (discovered on electromyography), and later, arthritis and pleural effusion. Biological signs included increased plasmatic IgE levels (3,500 UI/ml), circulating immune complexes and absence of leukemic markers. This case emphasizes the difficulty in classifying eosinophilic infiltrations of the gut and the possibility of transitional forms between eosinophilic granuloma, eosinophilic gastroenteritis and the hypereosinophilic syndrome. PMID- 6519407 TI - [Regenerative nodular hyperplasia in scleroderma : a new case]. PMID- 6519408 TI - [Anti-mitochondria antibodies with an anti-M aspect, in Q fever]. PMID- 6519409 TI - [Hepatitis due to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents : a new involved molecule, piroxicam (Feldene) ?]. PMID- 6519410 TI - [Veno-occlusive disease following chemotherapy and radiotherapy for Hodgkin's disease]. PMID- 6519411 TI - [Lactoferrin and cancer of the pancreas]. PMID- 6519412 TI - [Ulcerative gastritis in long distance runners]. PMID- 6519413 TI - [Presence of ultrastructural markers of AIDS in rectal biopsies at the early stage of the disease]. PMID- 6519414 TI - Detection of gastric cancer by a combination of tissue polypeptide antigen (TPA), lipid-bound sialic acid (LBSA) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). AB - In this study, the clinical significance of the tumor markers, tissue polypeptide antigen (TPA) and lipid-bound sialic acid (LBSA) in conjunction with carcinoembryonic antigen CEA, was tested in 52 gastric cancer patients. The incidence of elevated serum levels of these 3 markers was as follows: 63% (33/52) for TPA; 40% (21/52) for LBSA; 21% (11/52) for CEA. In a combination assay using all three tumor markers, 37 out of 52 gastric cancer patients (71%) showed a positive combination assay, while 5 out of 20 normal subjects (25%) showed a positive combination assay. In a discriminant analysis of the resulting data, 18 out of 52 gastric cancer patients (35%) were classified correctly based on an analysis of CEA alone. Furthermore, 25 out of 52 gastric cancer patients (48%) and all 20 normal subjects (100%) were classified correctly based on an analysis of all three variables. Our data suggest that TPA and LBSA are more sensitive than CEA as markers of gastric cancer, and that the simultaneous measurement of TPA and LBSA in conjunction with CEA is more useful in cancer detection than the measurement of CEA alone. PMID- 6519415 TI - Endoscopic study of chronological changes leading to cancer in the esophagus of dogs induced by N-ethyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine. AB - An endoscopical study of chronological change during the carcinogenetic process of cancer of the esophagus induced by N-ethyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (ENNG) in 16 male beagle dogs was performed to clarity whether or not precancerous lesions exist in the esophagus. Redness was first observed in the mucosa in the lower and/or middle portions of the esophagus. A small nodule developed in the redness, followed by a nodule. The nodule then developed into a flat polyp which finally developed into lesions such as an elevated lesions, protrusions or elevations with depressions. Histologically, esophagitis or acanthosis in the redness and acanthosis were found in most of the small nodules. With regard to the nodules, papillomatosis was observed in half of the lesions, while either acanthosis or atypical epithelial proliferation were found in most of the flat polyps. Almost all the elevated or protruding lesions were found to be carcinoma. PMID- 6519416 TI - A case report of benign recurrent intrahepatic cholestasis. AB - A case of benign recurrent intrahepatic cholestasis was reported. A man had first experienced jaundice at the age of twenty-five, and suffered three subsequent attacks over the next five years. These attacks were characterized by prodromal severe pruritus. During the icteric phase, serum levels of total bile acids increased, most being conjugates of primary bile acids. Electron microscopy revealed that the bile canaliculi were filled with an increased volume of granular substances. Some bile canaliculi fused together resulting in the formation of abnormally elongated channels which abutted on the Disse space. These observations suggest bile regurgitation through the channel of altered canaliculi. In convalescence, these bile canaliculi disappeared. Every attack was followed by complete recovery of liver structure and function. PMID- 6519417 TI - Superior mesenteric artery syndrome:--report of four cases. AB - Four patients of SMA syndrome presented in the past 3 years. One case was treated surgically and three others were treated conservatively. Although it is rare, strong suspicion is advocated in evaluating patients with long-standing vague abdominal complaints. Diagnosis is made by upper gastrointestinal barium study and SMA angiogram. However, mild distention of the duodenum may be overlooked in barium meal G.I. series. The air inflation test has been of value in recognizing this syndrome. It has been recognized that there are acute and chronic forms. Peptic ulcer is often associated with SMA syndrome, especially in the chronic form. Conservative treatment must be stressed and performed initially. Surgical intervention is indicated if medical treatment fails. Division of the ligament of Treiz to free the bound position of the duodenum and make the duodenojejunal flexure downward is advocated first during surgery. If the result is not satisfactory the duodenojejunostomy is necessary. PMID- 6519419 TI - [Colony formation by hematopoietic stem cells of mice in agar diffusion chambers]. PMID- 6519420 TI - [Colony-forming capacity of bone marrow cells in patients with hypoplastic anemia]. PMID- 6519418 TI - An unusual case of colonic leiomyosarcoma presenting with fever--significant uptake of radioactivity of gallium-67 in the tumor. AB - Leiomyosarcoma of the large intestine, excluding the rectum, is a rare lesion and only 58 cases have been previously reported. Significant uptake of radioactivity of gallium-67 to the tumor has not been reported and this report may be the first case. Although preoperative diagnosis is considered to be difficult, barium enema study and colonofiberscopy disclosed the findings suggesting extracolic growth of the tumor in our case, which are thought to be characteristics of nonepithelial tumors. Gallium-67 citrate scanning may be useful for confirming the diagnosis. PMID- 6519421 TI - [Evaluation of the functional properties of blood transfusion filters]. PMID- 6519422 TI - [Methodological approach to epidemiologic studies with regard to detection of iron deficiency]. PMID- 6519423 TI - [Levamisole in the treatment of hypoplastic anemia]. PMID- 6519424 TI - [Possibilities of rehabilitation of children with hypoplastic anemia]. PMID- 6519425 TI - [Various indices of natural immunity after transfusion of packed leukocytes into hemoblastosis patients]. PMID- 6519426 TI - [Morphofunctional characteristics of cryopreserved hematopoietic cells]. PMID- 6519427 TI - [New aspects of obtaining and cryopreserving cadaver bone marrow with "hemegel" solution]. PMID- 6519428 TI - [Blood component and infusion-detoxification therapy of patients with hematologic diseases]. PMID- 6519429 TI - [Colony-forming capacity of cadaveric bone marrow cryopreserved with "hemegel" solution]. PMID- 6519430 TI - [Selective property of low-temperature bone marrow preservation]. PMID- 6519431 TI - [Excretion of proxanol, a component of perfluorocarbon-based blood substitutes, from the bodies of animals]. PMID- 6519432 TI - [Prevention of iron and copper deficiency in the bodies of children and adults]. PMID- 6519434 TI - [Disorders of platelet function in Glanzmann's thrombasthenia]. PMID- 6519433 TI - [Various features of erythron lesions in mother and fetus in late toxemias of pregnancy]. PMID- 6519435 TI - [Current status of the problem of serum hepatitis in transfusiology]. PMID- 6519436 TI - In vivo supersensitivity of the anterior pituitary of old female rats to dopaminergic inhibition of prolactin secretion. AB - Old female rats (20-27 months) were given acute administration of an indirectly acting dopamine (DA) agonist, nomifensine or scalar doses of the direct DA receptor agonist, bromocriptine. Young female rats (4-9 months) were used as controls. Nomifensine (10 mg/kg i.p.) decreased significantly basal prolactin (PRL) levels in young rats as in old rats. In young rats, bromocriptine decreased significantly basal PRL levels only at the dose of 0.5 mg/kg intraperitoneally, the doses of 0.1 and 0.02 mg/kg being ineffective. In contrast, in old rats administration of 0.02 mg/kg of bromocriptine consistently inhibited basal PRL levels and the maximum PRL-lowering effect was already evident at the dose of 0.1 mg/kg. These data indicate that the pituitary of old rats, due to the age-related removal of dopaminergic inputs from the tuberoinfundibular system, becomes supersensitive to direct dopaminergic stimulation. This phenomenon may explain the normal PRL responsiveness of old rats to nomifensine, despite defective tuberoinfundibular dopaminergic function. PMID- 6519437 TI - Low-density lipoprotein metabolism by cultured human fibroblasts: relationship with aging and atherosclerosis. AB - 22 male subjects aged 21-55 years with normal plasma lipid concentrations were divided into two groups on the basis of the presence or absence of proven coronary artery disease and/or peripheral vascular disease. The rates of uptake and degradation of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) by fibroblast cultures obtained from each subject were assessed using 125I-labelled LDL, and an attempt was made to relate them to the presence or absence of atherosclerosis and to the age of the subject. Atherosclerosis was found to be significantly correlated with elevated rates of LDL uptake and degradation. On the other hand, aging was shown to be associated with a significant reduction in cellular LDL metabolism. PMID- 6519438 TI - Dietary vitamin C improves the survival of mice. AB - Feeding C57BL/6J male mice 1% ascorbic acid (1,430 mg/kg body weight) in their drinking water for life increased the average life span by 8.6% (p less than 0.05) and perhaps by as much as 20.4%. The ascorbic acid group weighed 6-7% less than the control group up until 800 days of age. The maximum life span for the control group was 965 days and 993 days for the ascorbic acid group, representing an increase of only 2.9% in the maximum life span. The copper content of heart, liver, kidney, and brain was unchanged after feeding 1% ascorbic acid for 48 days. The copper content of heart declined by 20.4% after feeding 2% ascorbic acid. Liver, kidney, and brain were unchanged. PMID- 6519439 TI - Drug-induced repetitive sharp EEG discharges in multi-infarct dementia. AB - Elderly patients are usually more susceptible to and more often show adverse drug reactions. Repetitive sharp EEG transients, reversible upon withdrawal of neuroleptic drugs, are reported in clinical multi-infarct dementia. The predisposing and eliciting mechanisms underlying the occurrence of this neurotoxic electroclinical syndrome are discussed. Our observations suggest a relation between repetitive sharp EEG discharges and dysfunction of adrenergic transmission. PMID- 6519440 TI - Urinary characteristics and infection in the very aged. AB - In the course of a health survey covering 561 inhabitants of Tampere, Finland, aged 85 or over, morning urine specimens were studied. 82% of the participants were women. Significant bacteriuria was recorded in 27% of the subjects, 13% of the men and 30% of the women. Pyuria was recorded in 47% of the total material. Replying to the questionnaire, 5% of the subjects reported urinary symptoms and 7% reported to be suffering from urinary tract infection (UTI) diagnosed by a physician. The prevalence of drug-treated UTI was 9% of the subjects replying to the questionnaire. Although positive urinary 'abnormalities' are common in very old people, they do not cause significant distress and do not constitute a disease requiring drug treatment in asymptomatic old people. PMID- 6519442 TI - Visual acuity in optic atrophy: a quantitative clinicopathological analysis. AB - Analysis of clinicopathological data from 14 eyes with optic atrophy from various causes revealed a simple relationship between visual acuity and the number of surviving axons in the temporal quadrant of the optic nerve head. This provides support for the theory that the minimum angle of resolution (inverse of visual acuity) is directly proportional to the spatial separation of transmitting foveal cones. The theory allows estimation of the functional fraction of foveocortical neural channels from clinical acuity measurements. PMID- 6519441 TI - Hemodynamic effects of dobutamine in patients below and over 65 years, with left heart failure secondary to an acute myocardial infarction. AB - The cardiac response to sympathomimetic agents has been reported to be reduced in the elderly. We studied the hemodynamic effects of dobutamine in two groups of patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and left heart failure: group A included 10 patients aged 65 years or less and group B 10 others older than 65. After a 1-hour infusion the increase in cardiac index was highly significant in both groups (27%, p less than 0.001 and 25%, p less than 0.001), and the decrease in pulmonary wedge pressure was greater in group A (42%, p less than 0.001 and 17%, p less than 0.02). The increase in double product was similar in both groups (14%, p less than 0.001 and 18%, p less than 0.005); nevertheless the 4 patients developing angina pectoris during dobutamine infusion were over 65 years. We conclude that dobutamine remains effective in the elderly with AMI and left heart failure but is less well tolerated. PMID- 6519443 TI - Glycosaminoglycan metabolism of cultured fibroblasts from bovine vitreous. AB - Glycosaminoglycan metabolism of cultured vitreal cells of bovine origin was investigated with the following results: Cultured vitreal cells distributed the synthesized macromolecules after [35S] sulfate incorporation into the culture medium (extracellular pool), the membrane-bound proteoglycans (pericellular pool), and within the cells (intraocular pool). No extracellular plateau was reached after 3 days; the pericellular and intracellular pools showed a steady state of radioactivity after 48 and 24 h, respectively. Pulse-chase experiments exhibited a rapid turnover of intracellular polysaccharides and a slower metabolism of pericellular polymers. Pinocytosis, adsorption and degradation of vitreal and corneal cell secretion by vitreal cells were observed to a comparable extent. Chondroitin sulfate isomers and heparan sulfate could be detected in minor proportions. The relevance of glycosaminoglycan metabolism in the replacement of cultured vitreal cells into the vitreous cavity is discussed. PMID- 6519444 TI - Binocular micromovements in normal persons. AB - Under physiological viewing conditions, binocular micromovements in normal subjects showed multiple saccadic formations which, in their vertical and horizontal components, combined to produce different forms of overshoot which were usually large. On comparing the right and left eyes, micromovements were considerably incongruous, though rough direction identity and absolute synchronism of saccades and drifts were given. Vertical, horizontal and overshoot components of saccades show good correlation in their amplitude/velocity relationship, as seen in voluntary large saccades. Formation, frequency and direction of saccades showed intra-individual similarity rather than dependence on viewing conditions. From our results, we concluded that a central generating process rather than the primary retinal error signals are the source of micromovements during fixation. PMID- 6519445 TI - [Information value of indices of the functional state of an organism at different levels of chemical pollution]. PMID- 6519446 TI - [New data for the substantiation of safe levels of lead in water]. PMID- 6519447 TI - [Hygienic standardization of electromagnetic radiation in everyday life]. PMID- 6519448 TI - [Hygienic characteristics of the pesticide croneton]. PMID- 6519449 TI - [Cases of acute poisoning of chemical etiology in beet growers]. PMID- 6519450 TI - [Methodological approaches to the evaluation of the effects of emissions from plants manufacturing enameled wires on children's health]. PMID- 6519451 TI - [General principles of statistical analysis, using computers, of the data from indepth studies of morbidity with temporary loss of work capacity]. PMID- 6519452 TI - [The role of social and biological factors in the development of speech defects in children]. PMID- 6519453 TI - [Photometric determination of barium ferrite in atmospheric air]. PMID- 6519454 TI - [Chromatographic determination of saponin in water]. PMID- 6519455 TI - [Determination of the fungicide bailetone in water by thin-layer chromatography]. PMID- 6519456 TI - [Gas chromatographic determination of the herbicide illoxan in plants, grain and soil]. PMID- 6519457 TI - [Gas chromatographic determination of ethylene oxide in atmospheric air]. PMID- 6519458 TI - [Determination of O,O-dimethyl-O-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)phosphate in the soil and water by high performance chromatography]. PMID- 6519459 TI - [Methodological aspects of conducting epidemiological studies in connection with atmospheric air pollution]. PMID- 6519460 TI - [Predicting the maximum allowable concentrations on the basis of the results of a short-term experiment]. PMID- 6519461 TI - [Information value of different criteria of physical development]. PMID- 6519462 TI - [Determination of ozone in public buildings, medico-preventive facilities and community facilities]. PMID- 6519463 TI - [Experience with the centralization of individual dosimetric control]. PMID- 6519464 TI - [Substantiation of tentative safe levels of acrylic and methacrylic acids in atmospheric air]. PMID- 6519465 TI - [Embryo- and gonadotoxicity of various halogenated derivatives of inorganic mercury]. PMID- 6519466 TI - [Evaluation of the toxicity and hazards of sulfotrinaphthyleneofuran]. PMID- 6519467 TI - [Characteristic features of the intestinal absorption of 241Am contained in the dairy and plant products]. PMID- 6519468 TI - [Various methodological approaches to the prognosis of the functional state of an organism during exposure to unfavorable environmental factors]. PMID- 6519469 TI - [Effect of cymbush on embryogenesis in rats]. PMID- 6519470 TI - [Evaluation of the educational achievement and physical development of rural schoolchildren]. PMID- 6519471 TI - [Characteristics of methods of evaluating physiological parameters in children and adolescents]. PMID- 6519472 TI - [Early diagnosis and prophylaxis of vibration disease in construction workers]. PMID- 6519473 TI - [Microbiological evaluation of ground Maurolicus]. PMID- 6519474 TI - [Diffusion of formaldehyde in polymers for medical purposes]. PMID- 6519475 TI - [Hygienic standardization of the bleaching agent belofor KB in bodies of water]. PMID- 6519476 TI - [Hygienic standardization of glycerin in bodies of water]. PMID- 6519477 TI - [Hygienic standardization of enriched amino-nitroparaffin in bodies of water]. PMID- 6519478 TI - [Study of kinetics of transformation and sorption of organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls during storage of seawater samples]. PMID- 6519479 TI - [Toxicity of compounds formed after arsenic oxidation by microorganisms]. PMID- 6519480 TI - [Study of the dynamics of skin and throat automicroflora and the bacterial contamination of underwear in miners]. PMID- 6519481 TI - [Protective barriers and area zoning in laboratories for maximum protection]. PMID- 6519482 TI - [Hexachlorobutadiene distribution in rats during chronic intragastric administration]. PMID- 6519483 TI - [Experimental basis for maximum permissible concentrations of water-soluble mercury compounds in atmospheric air]. PMID- 6519484 TI - [Visible radiation and occupational health standards for it]. PMID- 6519485 TI - [Mathematical methods of predicting safe concentrations of hazardous substance in reservoir water]. PMID- 6519486 TI - [Effect of the degree of water mineralization on reproductive function in women]. PMID- 6519488 TI - [Cytogenic activity of the combined action of the herbicides 2,4-D and 2,4,5-T]. PMID- 6519487 TI - [Effect of hydrazine on the reproductive function of animals exposed to it in different ways]. PMID- 6519489 TI - [Work conditions and health status of machine operators coming into contact with pesticides]. PMID- 6519491 TI - [Hygienic basis for the possible use of new brands of polyolefins (propylene ethylene block copolymer) in the food industry]. PMID- 6519490 TI - [Effect of various chemicals on Yersinia viability]. PMID- 6519492 TI - [Hygienic standards for the electromagnetic fields of radio-locating systems]. PMID- 6519493 TI - [Principal achievements and prospects for the development of Soviet hygienic science]. PMID- 6519494 TI - [Various problems in the professional and deontologic instruction of physician hygienists]. PMID- 6519495 TI - [Cost analysis of studies for hygienic regulation of chemical substances in water]. PMID- 6519496 TI - [Device for determining the spatial coordination of arm movements]. PMID- 6519497 TI - [Technic of chromatography in a thin-layer of sorbent in the sanitary chemistry of polymers]. PMID- 6519499 TI - [Technic of fluorescence determination of benzyl alcohol in the air]. PMID- 6519498 TI - [Chromato-atomic-absorption analysis of alkyl derivatives of lead in atmospheric air]. PMID- 6519500 TI - [Method of determining the gamma-radiation exposure dose in areas of tropospheric fission-product fallout]. PMID- 6519501 TI - [Method of determining actinoids in the sodium heat carrier of fast reactors]. PMID- 6519502 TI - [Methods of studying the cardiovascular system during exposure to harmful chemicals]. PMID- 6519503 TI - [Assessment of physical development: proportionality of morphologic and functional indices in children and adolescents]. PMID- 6519504 TI - [Mathematico-statistical method of evaluating the effect of individual factors on the morbidity rate]. PMID- 6519505 TI - [From experience in organizing inter-district centralized sanitary-hygienic laboratories]. PMID- 6519506 TI - [Distribution of Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus in river water with different degrees of bacterial contamination]. PMID- 6519507 TI - [Hygienic standards for the photoreagents metol and phenydone in reservoir water]. PMID- 6519508 TI - [Method of evaluating the physical growth of children and adolescents]. PMID- 6519509 TI - [Chemical and photochemical conversions of industrial atmospheric emissions]. PMID- 6519510 TI - [Effect of infrasound on the metabolism of microelements in the body]. PMID- 6519511 TI - [Development of the concept of control levels applicable to radiation control systems]. PMID- 6519512 TI - Natural helpers: tools for working with the chronically mentally ill elderly. PMID- 6519513 TI - Recent changes in the U.S. age at death distribution: further observations. PMID- 6519514 TI - Behavioral family intervention with the impaired elderly. PMID- 6519515 TI - An alternative targeting strategy for housing assistance. PMID- 6519516 TI - Physicians' recognition, diagnosis, and treatment of mental disorders in elderly medical patients. PMID- 6519517 TI - Nursing home utilization patterns for all Manitoba admissions, 1974-1981. PMID- 6519519 TI - The effect of retirement versus age on the shopping orientations of the older consumer. PMID- 6519520 TI - The daytime television drama portrayal of older adults. PMID- 6519518 TI - Participation among the elderly in the food stamp program. PMID- 6519521 TI - Are master's degrees in gerontology comparable? PMID- 6519522 TI - [Working conditions and the state of health of miners in coal pits at the Kansk Achinsk fuel-energy complex]. PMID- 6519524 TI - [Immune response to tuberculin in patients with silicosis and silicotuberculosis]. PMID- 6519523 TI - [Clinico-roentgenological characteristics of anthracosilicosis after exposure to coal dust at various stages of metamorphism]. PMID- 6519525 TI - [Biochemical characteristics of an inflammatory destructive process in the lungs in dust-induced bronchitis]. PMID- 6519526 TI - [Histoenzymatic changes in the lungs of albino rats after exposure to sandy shale dust]. PMID- 6519527 TI - [Study of morphofunctional characteristics of monocytes for evaluation of the changes in the mononuclear phagocyte system in silicosis]. PMID- 6519528 TI - [Electrostatic method of removing finely dispersed aerosols from the air in the work area]. PMID- 6519529 TI - [Evaluation of the health status of various professional groups based on the activity of the regulatory systems]. PMID- 6519530 TI - [Sanitary standardization of inorganic mercury compounds in the air in the work area]. PMID- 6519531 TI - [Hygienic evaluation of working conditions in the present-day processing of ethylene and propylene]. PMID- 6519532 TI - [New data on physico-chemical properties of welding aerosols]. PMID- 6519533 TI - [Cytotoxic effect of various types of synthetic asbestos on murine peritoneal macrophage culture]. PMID- 6519534 TI - [Functional morphology of pulmonary microcirculatory vessels in experimental anthracosis]. PMID- 6519535 TI - [Collection of air micropollutants by the method of natural diffusion into a sorbent layer]. PMID- 6519536 TI - [Methods of study of the nervous system described in recent patent materials]. PMID- 6519537 TI - [Development of a complex of informative indicators of respiratory function for the screening, diagnosis and prognosis of dust-induced pulmonary pathology]. PMID- 6519538 TI - [The nonimmunologically-induced habitual abortion]. PMID- 6519539 TI - [Various aspects of the management of twin pregnancy and delivery]. PMID- 6519540 TI - [Management of premature birth]. PMID- 6519541 TI - [Real and false risks of hormonal contraceptives]. PMID- 6519542 TI - [Mortality and morbidity of premature infants]. PMID- 6519543 TI - [Total hysterectomy: establishing indications and abuses. General view and Swiss aspects]. PMID- 6519544 TI - [Hysterectomy status in a canton hospital. Report on 3000 hysterectomies at the Munsterlingen Women's Hospital 1969-1983]. PMID- 6519545 TI - [Age and pregnancy]. PMID- 6519546 TI - [The late primipara--sociomedical aspects]. PMID- 6519547 TI - [Real and false risks of local contraception: spermicides, diaphragm]. PMID- 6519548 TI - [Real and false risks of intrauterine devices]. PMID- 6519549 TI - [Real and false risks of natural methods of birth planning]. PMID- 6519551 TI - [Real and false risks of male contraception]. PMID- 6519550 TI - [Risks of new contraception methods]. PMID- 6519552 TI - [Real and false risks of contraceptive information]. PMID- 6519553 TI - [Curative radiotherapy following conservative surgery of operable breast cancers]. PMID- 6519554 TI - [Membrane rupture and tocolysis]. PMID- 6519555 TI - [Cesarean section in premature birth from the viewpoint of the neonatologist. Indications and limits]. PMID- 6519556 TI - [Interpretation of the fetal heart rate in pregnancy and labor]. PMID- 6519557 TI - [Early omphalotomy or late omphalotomy?]. PMID- 6519558 TI - Immunological aspects of pathological pregnancy (infertility immunology). AB - As, theoretically, any of the many mechanisms that appear to operate in normal pregnancy to maintain maternofetal immunologic balance could be altered in pathologic pregnancy, a detailed study of the known immunological aspects of pathological pregnancy is given. After looking into the parental genetic heterozygosity and fertility, a good explanation of the antifetal immunoresponse by the pregnant mother including the antibody formation is shown. The placental transport versus trapping of immunoglobulins is described in detail and it is also shown that the placenta is a source of a number of agents that inhibit cell mediated immunity (HCG, HPL and steroids). These substances may affect a local inhibition of maternal cell-mediated immunity in the vicinity of the trophoblast. The placenta serves as an effective barrier for transfer of immunocompetent maternal lymphocytes to the fetus. The paramount role of the trophoblast as a barrier, while itself escaping immunologic destruction, calls for further studies. PMID- 6519559 TI - Computed tomography in staging untreated patients with cervical cancer. AB - In a study to test the accuracy of computed tomography (CT) in staging untreated patients with cervical cancer, the interpretations of the CT scans of pelvis and abdomen of 56 consecutive patients were compared with surgical and/or clinical findings. This study clearly demonstrates that CT is unreliable in diagnosing parametrial tumour invasion and that it is not justified to make the therapeutically important differentiation between a IB or IIB stage with CT. In demonstrating metastatic lymph nodes, the accuracy of CT was only 75%, predominantly due to metastatic deposits in normal-sized nodes. CT was less accurate in diagnosing bladder wall and sigmoid invasion than cystoscopy and sigmoidoscopy, respectively, and was as accurate as urography in diagnosing ureteric obstruction. For these reasons, CT is not indicated as a routine procedure in cervical cancer staging, particularly not in the early stages of the disease. CT may be helpful in the higher clinical stages to measure tumour bulk and to get an impression about the whole extent of the disease. PMID- 6519560 TI - Relative fatty acid composition of lecithin during postmenopausal replacement therapy--a comparison between ethinyl estradiol and estradiol valerate. AB - The relative fatty acid composition of serum lecithin was followed in groups of women during postmenopausal replacement therapy. The effects of estradiol valerate and ethinyl estradiol in two different doses, and the modulating influence of various progestogens and antiestrogens were compared. Unopposed estrogen treatment enhanced liver lecithin synthesis along pathway I, i.e. reduced the amount of stearic acid and increased the amount of palmitic acid. The effect was clearly dose-dependent and even the low dose of 10 micrograms of ethinyl estradiol was more potent than 2 mg of estradiol valerate. No qualitative difference between the two estrogens was recorded. The sequential addition of the antiestrogen tamoxifen significantly reduced the influence of ethinyl estradiol. Liver lecithin synthesis along pathway I may be stimulated by all estrogens and not only by 17C-alkylated compounds. The prostaglandin precursors, dihomogammalinolenic and arachidonic acid, showed a seemingly dose-dependent increase during estrogen treatment. The comparatively weaker effects of estradiol valerate on lipid metabolism should make this non-alkylated estrogen the first choice in clinical practice. PMID- 6519561 TI - Ultrastructure of human placenta: effects of maternal drinking. AB - Previous investigations employing both animal models and human subjects have already documented that maternal alcohol consumption during pregnancy has definite deleterious effects upon the developing fetus. In these earlier studies, however, only gross morphological assessments were used to determine the toxicity of alcohol upon placenta and fetus. To date, there is nothing in the literature regarding the effects of alcohol upon the ultrastructure of the placenta. In our laboratory, using both scanning and transmission electron microscopy, placental specimens from mothers who drank heavily during the gestational period revealed ultrastructural abnormalities which suggest that maternal alcohol consumption may indirectly affect the fetus by altering the fine structure of the placenta. PMID- 6519563 TI - [Vaginism, causal background and results of treatment]. PMID- 6519562 TI - Gastric aspirate L/S ratio and umbilical cord blood total protein as predictors in RDS. AB - Gastric aspirate L/S ratio and cord blood protein concentration were measured in 150 newborn infants, 33 of whom developed respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). 46.6% of the infants with low gastric aspirate L/S value (less than or equal to 3) and 33.3% of the infants with serum protein of less than or equal to 46 g/l developed RDS. The sensitivity of both parameters was 81.8%. Combination of these two methods yielded a higher predictive value (62.2%) but decreased the sensitivity (69.7%). The patterns of phospholipids reflect lung maturity, but also serum protein levels indicating overall maturity and the osmotic powers of microcirculation may be of diagnostic value in featuring developing RDS. PMID- 6519564 TI - [Foot ergometry for functional evaluation in arterial occlusive disease of the legs]. PMID- 6519565 TI - [Sensitization to ampicillin in infectious mononucleosis]. PMID- 6519566 TI - [Painful piazogenic pedal papules]. PMID- 6519568 TI - [Raynaud's disease accompanying adult celiac disease]. PMID- 6519567 TI - [The anesthetist and the gynecological day-case surgery unit]. PMID- 6519569 TI - [Varicella of the newborn with unusual spread of the disease]. PMID- 6519570 TI - [Current clinical and experimental concepts in SLE]. PMID- 6519571 TI - [The effect of plasma lipoproteins on blood platelets and its relation to atherosclerosis]. PMID- 6519572 TI - [The preleukemia syndrome--morphologic and biologic features]. PMID- 6519574 TI - [Supernummerary nipples--incidence, diagnosis and clinical significance]. PMID- 6519573 TI - [Benign hypergammaglobulinemic purpura]. PMID- 6519575 TI - [Diet therapy and health education regarding specific medical disorders]. PMID- 6519576 TI - [Compliance with iron supplementation in infancy--a program for prevention of iron deficiency]. PMID- 6519578 TI - [Popliteal artery aneurysms]. PMID- 6519577 TI - [Eating habits and obesity in Israel adolescents]. PMID- 6519579 TI - [Homeopathy--science or dogma?]. PMID- 6519580 TI - [Pharmacological studies of FUT-175, nafamstat mesilate. IV. Effects on coagulation, platelets and fibrinolysis]. AB - Inhibitory effects of FUT-175 (nafamstat mesilate) on coagulation, platelets and fibrinolysis were examined. FUT-175 prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time, thrombin time and prothrombin time in rabbit plasma. FUT-175 prolonged these coagulation times in human plasma at lower concentration than in rabbit plasma. FUT-175 inhibited platelet aggregation induced by a variety of aggregation agents in rabbit platelet-rich plasma (PRP). In human PRP, FUT-175 inhibited platelet aggregation induced by a variety of aggregation agents at lower concentration than in rabbit PRP. Lipopolysaccharide induced a dose dependent platelet aggregation in dog PRP. FUT-175 showed an inhibitory effect on this aggregation. FUT-175 inhibited clot retraction in rabbit plasma. The fibrinolysis activity was measured on fibrinolysis of rabbit plasma activated by urokinase. FUT-175 prolonged this fibrinolysis time. Inhibitory effects on coagulation and fibrinolysis were also found ex vivo. FUT-175 prolonged bleeding time in mice. These results indicate that FUT-175 has potent inhibitory effects on coagulation, platelets and fibrinolysis. PMID- 6519581 TI - [Studies on the nephrotoxicity of aminoglycoside antibiotics and protection from these effects. (1). Nephrotoxicity of gentamicin and mercuric chloride]. AB - The present study was designed to find useful markers for detection of renal damage due to gentamicin (GM). Following the administration of 80 mg/kg GM, there were significant increases in urinary protein contents and alkaline phosphatase, N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase, lactate dehydrogenase, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase and lysozyme activities. Alterations of these parameters had a peak at the 7th or 10th day and values restored to near normal levels by the 15th day. Light microscopic observations of the kidney on the 10th day showed mainly the necrosis of proximal tubular epithelial cells in the renal outer cortex, and there was regeneration of epithelial cells on the 15th day. In addition, when 1 mg/kg HgCl2 was given to rats, there were increases in urinary enzyme activities and protein contents, and BUN. The kidney of rats that received HgCl2 showed the necrosis of tubular epithelial cells in the renal inner cortex. It is considered from these results that determination of the activities of various urinary enzymes may be useful markers to detect tubular damage induced by GM. PMID- 6519582 TI - [Studies on the nephrotoxicity of aminoglycoside antibiotics and protection from these effects. (2). Protective effect of latamoxef against gentamicin nephrotoxicity]. AB - Effects of gentamicin (GM) alone and in combination with latamoxef (LMOX), an oxacefem antibiotic, were studied in rat kidney in order to determine the effect of combinations of nephrotoxic drugs. Groups of 7 male Sprague-Dawley rats, weighing approx. 230 g, were given daily s.c. doses of GM (80 mg/kg) or 80 mg/kg GM plus LMOX (500, 1000 or 2000 mg/kg) for 15 days. Treatment with GM alone resulted in marked increases in urinary lactate dehydrogenase, N-acetyl-beta glucosaminidase and lysozyme activities, urinary protein contents and blood urea nitrogen contents, which peaked on the 10th day. The combination of GM plus LMOX significantly suppressed the increases in these biochemical parameters with GM alone. In this case, the suppressions were roughly dependent on the dose of LMOX. Although GM alone caused pronounced histological changes in proximal tubules between the 7th and 15th days, the combination with LMOX apparently protected against these changes. These results indicate that the combination with LMOX obviously protects the kidney from the nephrotoxicity of GM. PMID- 6519583 TI - [Physiological and biochemical study of temporary cerebral ischemic rats produced by bilateral vertebral and carotid artery occlusion]. AB - We investigated the changes of behavioral, electrophysiological and biochemical parameters during and after global cerebral ischemia in rats. Global cerebral ischemia was produced by the temporary occlusion of both common carotid arteries 24 hr after the permanent electrocauterization of bilateral vertebral arteries. Just before recirculation following 10 or 30 min of cerebral ischemia, loss of righting reflex, flattenning of cortical EEG activity, and detrimental decrease of ATP content and marked increase of lactate content in the cerebrum were observed. The alterations of all parameters completely recovered within 60 min after recirculation in 10-min cerebral ischemic rats. However, the 30-min cerebral ischemic rats showed almost no recovery after recirculation, suggesting that some irreversible damages are produced in the cerebrum of the 30-min ischemic rat. On the other hand, it was found that the auditory brain stem evoked response (ABER) and ATP content in the pons plus medulla were only slightly affected by the ischemic procedure, which indicates that the ischemic damages do not ensue in the lower part of the brain stem. PMID- 6519584 TI - [Effect of nizofenone on pyramidal response, electrocorticogram and regional cerebral blood flow following recirculation after complete global brain ischemia in cats]. AB - Effect of nizofenone on pyramidal response (PR), electrocorticogram (ECoG) and regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) following recirculation after complete global brain ischemia was compared with that of pentobarbital in gallamine-immobilized cats. The basilar artery and the branches of both carotid arteries (superior thyroid artery, dorsal muscular branch, internal carotid artery, occipital artery and ascending pharyngeal artery) were all ligated. The cats were subjected to complete brain ischemia by occluding both common carotid arteries for 45 min, followed by 180 min recirculation. rCBF of the cortex (suprasylvian gyrus) and the internal capsule was monitored by the hydrogen clearance method. Blood gases were regulated within a range determined previously in freely-moving cats throughout the experiment. Nizofenone (1 mg/kg, i.v.) facilitated the recovery of PR and ECoG, and it inhibited the phenomenon of secondary suppression evidenced by interruption and reversion of the recovery process. rCBF showed good recovery throughout the recirculation period. Pentobarbital (20 mg/kg, i.v.) facilitated the recovery of PR during the early period of recirculation, but secondary suppression of PR, associated with the decline of rCBF, was evident. These results suggest that the ameliorative effect of nizofenone on the recovery of neuronal functions is due to its ability to protect neurons against ischemic anoxia and to prevent interruption of postischemic circulation, and also the good recovery of rCBF is due to its ability to protect vasculature against ischemic anoxia. PMID- 6519586 TI - Changes in spinal ganglion neurons after ligation of the aorta. A morphometric study. PMID- 6519587 TI - The frontal ganglion as a centre of neurosecretory activity in Supella supellectilium serville (Phyllodromidae, Blattoidea). PMID- 6519585 TI - [Effect of difluprednate on adrenocortical and gonadal function]. AB - The effects of difluprednate on the deposition of liver glycogen, the inhibition of adrenocortical function, the estrogenic, progestational and androgenic activities, and the excretion of electrolytes were investigated by comparing them with those of fluocinonide. The following results were obtained: 1) the deposition of liver glycogen was remarkably increased by subcutaneous administration of these two glucocorticoids, and in the dose of 0.1 mg/kg, the effect of difluprednate (35.1-fold the control value) was larger than that of fluocinonide (19.4-fold the control value) in mice. 2) the administration of difluprednate and fluocinonide greatly induced the decrease in the corticosterone concentration in the rat serum and adrenal gland (0.1 and 1 mg/kg, s.c.). 3) the estrogenic, progestational and androgenic activities were not recognized by administration of difluprednate in rats. 4) the two glucocorticoids induced an increase in the electrolytes excretion (especially K+) and the urine volume. 5) by the repeated injection of difluprednate (1.0 mg/kg) and fluocinonide (0.1 mg/kg), decrease of the body weight was observed in all of the experimental animals. In these experiments, it was recognized that the glucocortical action of difluprednate was similar or more potent in comparison with the action of fluocinonide and that the systemic effects of fluocinonide such as body weight loss was larger than that of difluprednate. PMID- 6519588 TI - The salivary syringe of Metacanthus pulchellus Dall (Heteroptera, Berytidae). PMID- 6519589 TI - Anatomy of the vomeronasal organ in the dog. PMID- 6519590 TI - Developmental morphology of hamster cheek pouch epithelium. PMID- 6519591 TI - Neurosecretory cells in the brain of the mature larva of Philosamia ricini Hutt. I. Histomorphological changes in the neurosecretory cells during and after spinning of the cocoon. PMID- 6519592 TI - Morphogenesis and evolutionary morphology of the nasal apparatus of the black headed gull (Larus ridibundus L.) morphogenesis of the nasal capsule, nasal epithelial tube and organ of Jacobson in Sauropsida. IX. PMID- 6519593 TI - Structure of the olfactory epithelium of the Indian freshwater catfish Clarias batrachus (Linn.). PMID- 6519594 TI - Ultrastructural image of the cerebral cortex of rats exposed to hypobaric altitude hypoxia. I. The neuroglia and tissue capillaries of young animals after early termination of hypoxia. PMID- 6519595 TI - Morphological study of the functional cycle of the secretory cells of the upper respiratory tract epithelium of amphibians and reptiles. PMID- 6519596 TI - Contribution to the ultrastructure of the intercellular spaces of small intestine epithelium. PMID- 6519597 TI - Incisures of Schmidt-Lantermann in the myelin sheath of guinea pig peripheral nerves. PMID- 6519598 TI - Developmental view of the origination of limb malformations. II. PMID- 6519599 TI - Gustatory threshold values of xylitol in primates. AB - The gustatory threshold values of xylitol solutions were determined in some nonhuman primates and compared with those of humans. Furthermore, the threshold values of xylitol and sucrose were compared. PMID- 6519600 TI - Female reproductive characteristics in semifree-ranging Barbary macaques (Macaca sylvanus L. 1758). AB - Mating activities in a group of 178 Barbary macaques were studied during the breeding season 1982/83. Copulations were observed between the middle of August and the end of March. More than 80% of all copulations were recorded from October to December. Number of estrous periods ranged from 1 to 5, most females (67%) had 2 estrous periods. Most females (87%) conceived during the first estrus. Postconceptional bleedings and 1 postconceptional estrus were observed regularly. Mean interval between the end of conceptional estrus and the end of postconceptional estrus was 28 days. Mean interval between the end of conceptional estrus and the onset of bleeding was 18.2 days. Conception rate was 79%. Conceptions occurred between the end of September and the middle of February. Most females (60%) conceived between the middle of November and the middle of December. Mean gestation length for a viable infant was 164.7 days. Consequences of the strong breeding seasonality are discussed. PMID- 6519601 TI - Congenital clubfoot: results of treatment of 54 cases. AB - Fifty-four patients with congenital clubfoot (total: 82 club feet) were observed at the 2nd Department of Orthopaedic Surgery of Rome University from 1970 to 1980. The conclusions of this study were the following: The patients with congenital clubfoot who had a uniform treatment from the beginning at the same hospital obtained better results than those who received previous treatments at other hospitals. A relapse was considered as a recurrence of the initial deformity after complete recovery and not as an incompletely corrected congenital clubfoot. In many of the patients with clubfoot who were treated, no direct correlations existed between the radiographic and clinical results. Of the patients with clubfoot who received an early treatment by posterior release, 89% had excellent and good results. One- or two-stage posteromedial releases did not prevent relapses, even though those done in one stage obtained better results. The transfer of the anterior tibial tendon to the third cuneiform proved to be the most effective procedure to prevent and correct relapses. PMID- 6519602 TI - Congenital vertical talus: the Riley experience. AB - This is a retrospective study of seven patients with 10 feet displaying nonparalytic congenital vertical talus treated at Riley Children's Hospital in Indianapolis by open reduction without naviculectomy. Each of the 10 feet underwent an operation for open reduction of congenital vertical talus. The procedure included a peritalar soft tissue release, posterior release of the hindfoot with Achilles tendon lengthening, and transfer of the tibialis anterior tendon into the talar neck. Length of follow-up ranged between 2 and 11 years. Average follow-up time was 6 years and 9 months. Age at time of open reduction ranged from 8 months to 3 years. The clinical follow-up evaluation revealed three excellent, three good, and four fair results. Only one patient underwent a subsequent surgical procedure. PMID- 6519603 TI - Foot deformity in myotonic dystrophy. AB - Myotonic dystrophy is a progressive multisystem disorder that may be inherited from either parent, although only children with affected mothers usually show the more severe congenital form of the condition; others are classified as having adult myotonic dystrophy. Since 1940, 29 patients with myotonic dystrophy (10 adult, 17 congenital, two unclassified) have been followed at the Alfred I. duPont Institute. Treatment protocols have been established for the treatment of talipes equinovarus deformity commonly seen in the congenital form of myotonic dystrophy, as well as the progressive dropfoot gait more commonly seen in the adult form. PMID- 6519604 TI - The effect of simulated tibial deformities on the ankle joint during the gait cycle. AB - The effect of angular deformities of the tibial shaft on the area, location, and shape of the ankle joint contact during the normal extremes in the gait cycle was studied with the use of a cadaveric model. Six lower limbs were first examined radiographically and found to be free of pathology. These specimens were then stripped of soft tissues proximal to the ankle joint and had a custom-designed universal joint-plate inserted into the tibia at the proximal, middle, or distal third level. An anterior ankle arthrotomy was performed, and pressure sensitive film was inserted into the tibiotalar joint. Load was then applied with the ankle set in dorsiflexion or plantarflexion via metal wedges, and tibial deformities of 5, 10, and 15 degrees were simulated in varus, valgus, anterior bow, and posterior bow. Contact area and location changes were noted to be of greater magnitude with proximal and distal third tibial deformities than with middle third deformities. Varus and valgus deformities showed smaller contact area changes than anterior or posterior bow deformities. Contact area changes tended to be larger in dorsiflexion compared to plantarflexion for each level and degree of tibial angulation. Posterior bow deformities at all levels resulted in greater changes in contact area and shape than other deformities. The role of subtalar compensation, stiffness of the foot-ankle complex, and geometric factors are all thought to influence the changes noted. On the basis of this experimental study it would appear that angular deformity of the tibia less than 10 degrees would not significantly alter ankle joint contact. PMID- 6519605 TI - Three-dimensional kinematics of ankle instability following serial sectioning of lateral collateral ligaments. AB - Triaxial kinematics of ankle instability were studied in vitro by applying an inversion force to seven nonaxially loaded cadaveric ankle-foot specimens. In intact specimens, mean maximal adduction of the tibia with respect to the calcaneus was 38 degrees and mean maximal external rotation was 24 degrees; maximal displacement occurred near full plantar flexion. Increases after release of ligaments were as follows: calcaneofibular, maximal adduction 10%, external rotation 3% near 15 degrees of plantar flexion; anterior talofibular, adduction 30%, external rotation 8% at 30 degrees of plantar flexion; both, adduction 41%, external rotation 65% near 0 degree of flexion; all three lateral collateral, adduction 42%, external rotation 240% in slight dorsiflexion. Regardless of the status of the lateral collateral ligaments, the talus adducted and externally rotated 18 degrees +/- 1 degree with respect to the calcaneus. Hence, collateral ligament release had no effect on subtalar motion. PMID- 6519607 TI - Sensory integrative therapy and speech therapy for improving the perceptual motor skills and speech articulation of a dyspractic boy. PMID- 6519606 TI - Morton's neuroma: a microscopic evaluation. AB - Microscopic evaluation of the interdigital neuroma is described in 24 nerves which were evaluated at six cross-section areas for size of the nerve and width of the perineural along with the fascicle diameter and the size and number of blood vessels inside each fascicle. A relationship was noted between the level of the distal edge of the intermetatarsal ligament. Cross-section that was taken at that area showed changes distally in nerve diameter, fascicle number and size, blood vessel number and size, and perineural width. These changes are consistent with the interdigital neuroma as an entrapment condition. PMID- 6519608 TI - Efficiency of professional singing voices in terms of energy ratio. PMID- 6519609 TI - [Distribution and functional effect of paralyses of vocal cord movement and stretch muscles based on electromyographic studies]. PMID- 6519610 TI - [Electromyography in functional dysphonias using the surface electrode]. PMID- 6519611 TI - Resonance balance in register categories of the singing voice: a spectral analysis study. PMID- 6519612 TI - The frequency of occurrence of foramen thyroideum in the human larynx. PMID- 6519613 TI - Identification of mechanical asphyxiation in cases of attempted masking of the homicide. AB - Five homicides are described that had remained unexplained as to the causes of death after gross pathology. Although general signs of asphyxiation were present, they were lacking injuries specific of strangulation or oro-nasal occlusion. The diagnoses of asphyxiation were established by microscopical investigation of the lung and confirmed by subsequent police inquiries. An oro-nasal occlusion was involved in three cases, a strangulation or an oro-nasal occlusion, in another case. The victims were young and healthy. Toxicological investigations remained negative in four cases; one victim was anaesthetized by bromazepam and ether and had a blood alcohol concentration of 80 mg/100 ml. Lung histology and electron microscopy revealed acute emphysema, the development of a haemorrhagic-dysoric syndrome and a microembolism syndrome. With regard to the haemorrhagic-dysoric syndrome, the development of alveolar-interstitial edema is particularly important. This finding may also be diagnosed by light microscopy in semi-thin sections. It is emphasized that the combined action of several pathomechanisms is responsible for the rapid manifestation of the pulmonary lesions. Especially, the haemorrhagic-dysoric syndrome is brought about by the combined action of inspiratory intrapulmonary vacuum and raised intracapillary pressure. The complex pattern allows to compile the diagnosis of mechanical asphyxia even if there is no corresponding injury. PMID- 6519614 TI - Two unusual cases of suicide by hanging. AB - Two unusual cases of suicide by hanging are described, in the first case the deceased's left hand tied to the left thigh with the head and face covered by a heavy winter coat. In the second case the deceased's hands were tied behind his back. PMID- 6519615 TI - The esterase D polymorphism as revealed by isoelectric focusing in ultra-thin polyacrylamide gels. AB - The polymorphism of human red cell esterase D (EsD) was studied using isoelectric focusing (pH 4-6) in ultra-thin polyacrylamide gels. Typing was possible without the EsD isozymes attaining true equilibrium focusing conditions. Using this single method, six phenotypes (EsD 1, 2-1, 2, 5-1, 5-2 and 5) could be recognized in the White population of south-east England. Family studies showed these to be controlled by three co-dominant alleles and the gene frequencies were calculated to be EsD1 0.8856; EsD2 0.0946 and EsD5 0.0198. For successful and reliable EsD typing by this method, the electrophoretic system must be carefully optimized with respect to the duration of electrophoresis and the temperature attained in the gel during the electrophoretic run. PMID- 6519617 TI - [81st meeting of the German Ophthalmologic Society, Heidelberg]. PMID- 6519616 TI - A high selective screening test for methamphetamine in human urine. AB - A high selective screening test (Ad-Tip method) for methamphetamine in human urine has been devised. The method involves a brief extraction from a urine sample with an Ad-Tip (ODS-silica minicolumn), washing, eluting with modified Simon's reagent, and coloration with carbonate buffer. Detection limit of methamphetamine in urine is 1 microgram/ml and the test takes within 3 min/sample. The results of the Ad-Tip method were almost identical to those of laboratory analyses. PMID- 6519618 TI - [Interview with Prof. K. Karrer. Notable expansion of the therapeutic arsenal brought about by combined cytostatic drugs]. PMID- 6519619 TI - [Differential diagnosis of so-called drug-induced and endogenous psychoses]. PMID- 6519620 TI - [Ventral interbody distraction spondylodesis on the lumbar vertebrae. Animal experimental study]. PMID- 6519621 TI - [Clinical aspects and pathology of primary tubal cancer]. AB - Primary carcinoma of the fallopian tube is the least common of the malignant tumors of the female genital tract. Ten cases of primary fallopian tube carcinoma treated at the Women's Department of the University Hospital Mannheim between 1965 and 1983 are described. Four patients survived five years, of whom three had a stage I tumor. The most important factor affecting survival appeared to be the extent of the tumor at the time of diagnosis. PMID- 6519622 TI - [Echocardiographic diagnosis in diseases of the tricuspid valve]. AB - In eight patients with right ventricular disease the diagnostic value of echocardiography is demonstrated. More time and technical equipment is needed than for left-ventricular analysis, but the echocardiography must be done in rheumatic valve disease or in chronic right heart insufficiency. PMID- 6519623 TI - [Concentrations of bile acids in serum, urine and feces in patients with gastrointestinal diseases. Effect of peptide diet in comparison with a normal diet]. AB - The influence of a peptide diet on the concentration of bile acids in serum, urine and stools of patients with gastro-intestinal diseases was investigated. The concentration of bile acids in the samples from the patient group treated with a peptide diet showed no significant differences to the control group, who received a normal diet. Therefore, it can be ascertained, that a peptide diet, in comparison to a normal diet, has no reducing or stimulating effect on the composition and concentration of bile acids in serum, urine or stools; both parameters, i.e. the composition and concentration of bile acids, remain unchanged. PMID- 6519624 TI - [Violence in marriage--a gentleman's crime? Max-Planck Institute compares international jurisprudence]. PMID- 6519625 TI - [Nephrotoxicity of aminophenols. Effect of 4-dimethylaminophenol on isolated kidney tubules in the rat]. PMID- 6519626 TI - [Development of new prognosis indices for patients with schizophrenic diseases and evaluation of their predictive validity]. AB - In a 5-year follow-up study on schizophrenic patients four prognostic scores were developed, based on univariate and multivariate analyses. Three consisted of items on psychopathology and social maladjustment, one only of psychopathological data. In a replication study only the first three could prove their predictive validity. PMID- 6519627 TI - [Neuropathology of schizophrenias]. AB - Up to now it is not known whether the ventricular enlargement in schizophrenics demonstrated by neuroradiological investigations is caused by a general brain atrophy or a more or less selective degeneration of one or several areas. Therefore, the volumes of several parts of the basal ganglia, of the diencephalon and of the limbic system were determined by planimetry of myelin-stained serial sections in post mortem brains of 14 schizophrenic patients and 13 control cases. The important limbic structures of the temporal lobe (amygdala, hippocampal formation), the ventricle closely surrounding structures of the diencephalon, and the pallidum internum are significantly smaller in the schizophrenic group, whereas the volumes of the pallidum externum, of the three parts of the striatum (caudatum, putamen, n. accumbens), of the red nucleus, and of the large thalamic cell groups have not significantly changes. The volume reductions are interpreted as focal degenerative shrinkages of unknown etiology. PMID- 6519628 TI - [Urinary tract infections]. PMID- 6519629 TI - [Serum ribonuclease in rheumatic disease. I. Serum alkaline ribonuclease activities in rheumatic diseases, especially in malignant rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 6519630 TI - [Serum ribonuclease in rheumatic disease. II. Possible origin of alkaline ribonuclease from the vessels]. PMID- 6519631 TI - [Studies on the clinical course of chronic hepatitis--cases with serial needle liver biopsies. Correlation of hepatic scintigram and laboratory test with histological features]. PMID- 6519632 TI - Increasing the odds for cancer survival. PMID- 6519633 TI - Medical malpractice: claims, legal costs, and the practice of defensive medicine. PMID- 6519634 TI - Death of a paradigm: the challenge of competition. PMID- 6519635 TI - Health reform, Italian-style. PMID- 6519636 TI - Large-pore hemodialytic procedures in pigs with ischemic hepatic necrosis; a randomized study. AB - In order to define further the therapeutic role of hemodialytic procedures in acute hepatic failure, 20 pigs with ischemic hepatic necrosis underwent randomized hemodialysis against an electrolyte solution (n = 6), hemofiltration with re-infusion of an electrolyte solution (n = 5), control hemofiltration with re-infusion of autologous ultrafiltrate (n = 4) or no extracorporeal procedure at all (n = 5). Pigs on hemodialytic procedures survived significantly longer (51 +/ 11 hrs) than controls (36 +/- 8 hrs). There were no differences in the duration of survival between hemodialysis and hemofiltration, nor between controls undergoing and those not undergoing an extracorporeal procedure. Electroencephalograms showed more rapid (p less than 0.05) deterioration in control animals than in the treatment group. Putative toxins such as ammonia, glutamine, tyrosine, tryptophan, and methionine all decreased transiently in the treatment group; in the control group a continuous increase in the levels of the putative toxins was observed. Comparison of all pigs surviving 35 hrs or less (n = 6) and animals surviving more than 45 hrs (n = 7) showed that long-term survival was significantly associated with lower plasma ammonia and methionine concentrations and fewer abnormalities on the electroencephalogram 10 hrs after the start of extracorporeal procedures; moreover six of the 7 long-term survivors underwent hemodialysis or hemofiltration procedures. We conclude that hemodialytic procedures prolong survival in pigs with ischemic hepatic necrosis by slowing the development of encephalopathy; this effect of hemodialytic procedures may be mediated by the lowering of plasma ammonia and methionine levels. PMID- 6519638 TI - Does malabsorption occur in chronic atrophic duodenitis? AB - Absorption behavior was studied in 6 patients with chronic atrophic duodenitis and compared with that observed in 6 cases of untreated celiac disease. The histobioptic study of the duodenal and jejunal mucosa showed that in atrophic duodenitis the lesions involve just one or two duodenal portions with normal jejunal mucosa: in contrast it was confirmed that in celiac disease atrophic lesions extended from the duodenal to the jejunal mucosa. From the clinical point of view, patients with chronic atrophic duodenitis do not show evidence of malabsorption while such phenomena occur consistently, even though in varied form, in celiac disease. The possible reason for this clinical behavior seems to be linked to the different extention of the histological damage in the two diseases. In conclusion, chronic atrophic atrophic duodenitis is a clinically autonomous entity as compared with gluten enteropathy. PMID- 6519637 TI - Relapse rates of duodenal ulcer healed with concentrated antacid or cimetidine. AB - The incidence of duodenal ulcer relapse after initial therapy with concentrated aluminium-magnesium hydroxide (Maalox 70) or cimetidine (Tagamet) was investigated in a one-year follow-up study. 92.3% (24 out of 26) of the antacid patients and 76.2% (16 out of 21) of the cimetidine patients relapsed. The difference is not statistically significant. With respect to the pattern of onset of relapses, no difference was seen between the two groups. 33% of the recurrent lesions following treatment with antacids and 25% of those following cimetidine therapy were asymptomatic. This difference too is not significant. The results permit the conclusion that the mode of pharmaceutical therapy of ulcers (buffering of gastric acid by way of an antacid or inhibition of acid secretion by an H2-blocker) has no bearing on the further course of the ulcer disease. PMID- 6519639 TI - Breath hydrogen as a test for gastrointestinal transit. AB - Intestinal transit is an important indicator of small-bowel function. This study served to investigate oro-cecal and duodeno-cecal transit times of different carbohydrate test meals and to evaluate intra- and interindividual variability of the breath hydrogen test. Breath hydrogen was analysed by an electrochemical cell in 25 healthy volunteers. Oro-cecal transit time of lactulose was much shorter than that of a standardized normal test meal. Duodeno-cecal transit was approximately one hour shorter than oro-cecal transit. Considerable intra- and interindividual differences were observed. It is concluded that results of lactulose test meals do not permit conclusions as to the physiological situation. Large intra- and interindividual variability of transit times must be taken into account in any study using the breath hydrogen test. PMID- 6519640 TI - A new glucose electrode for tissue measurements. PMID- 6519641 TI - New diagnostic and therapeutic possibilities in manifest idiopathic hemochromatosis. AB - Up until recently in clinical practice suspected hemochromatosis with a pathological iron-screening test (plasma iron, percentage transferrin saturation, serum ferritin, desferrioxamine-induced urinary iron excretion) made a liver biopsy necessary. Today, as a first step, the density of the liver parenchyma can be measured by means of computed tomography. Normal findings obviate the need for laparoscopy. Since the late forties weekly or twice weekly phlebotomy has been the sole form of treatment for manifest idiopathic hemochromatosis. In the mid sixties the hopes placed in chelating substances (desferrioxamine) were not fulfilled, because the plasma half-life (only 7-10 minutes) of this drug was too short. Even with several daily injections only a small amount of iron was removed from the body tissue (10-25 mg daily urinary iron excretion). The introduction of portable infusion pumps in the late seventies offered us a new possibility of administering desferrioxamine by subcutaneous injection (Propper et al., 1976). Until that time such treatment was successfully used only in the field of pediatrics to treat secondary transfusion hemochromatosis in thalassemia. In one case of idiopathic hemochromatosis with severe organic involvement (right heart failure, repeated esophageal hemorrhage and bronzed diabetes) we had to achieve rapid iron elimination, and for this purpose we used continuous long-term desferrioxamine administration by means of a portable infusion pump (Autosyringe) in addition to phlebotomy. Since, particularly in the critical initial phase of treatment when heart failure was always threatening, great care had to be exercised in the use of phlebotomy, iron removal was achieved largely by desferrioxamine administration (daily up to 240 mg iron elimination in urine and stools).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6519642 TI - [Hemoglobins of reptiles. Expression of alpha-D-genes in the turtles, Chrysemys picta bellii and Phrynops hilarii (Testudines)]. AB - The hemoglobins of two turtles (Testudines)--Chrysemys picta bellii (suborder Cryptodira) and Phrynops hilarii (suborder Pleurodira)--were investigated. In both specimens we found two hemoglobin components with two distinct alpha-chains. The alpha-chains of the component HbD of Chrysemys picta bellii and of the component CII of Phyrynops hilarii belong to the alpha D-type, which has so far been reported to occur only in birds. The complete amino-acid sequences of both alpha D-chains are presented. Our further investigations on hemoglobins of other reptiles (Crocodilia, Lacertilia, Serpentes) did not give any evidence for the expression of alpha D-globin genes in the species examined. These findings are discussed with especial reference to the physiology of respiration. It is supposed that alpha D-genes were of certain significance in earlier times. There are findings suggesting that alpha D-genes are embryonic genes with persistent expression in many adult birds and turtles. PMID- 6519643 TI - Tryptophan micro-scale determinations by rapid hydrolysis. AB - A rapid acid-hydrolysis micro method was developed for the accurate determination of the tryptophan contents of proteins. Sample protein (5 micrograms) was hydrolysed in 30 microliters of 3M mercaptoethanesulfonic acid at 166 degrees C for 25 min, resulting in total hydrolysis of the peptide bonds. The subjection of the hydrolysate to an amino-acid analyser revealed the amino-acid composition, including the content of tryptophan with a high recovery of 92%. PMID- 6519644 TI - Extracellular lumazine from aggregating Dictyostelium discoideum cells. Influence of pH on its fluorescence. AB - Lumazine has been demonstrated to be one of the two main compounds responsible for the extracellular fluorescence linked with the aggregation ability of Dictyostelium discoideum, strain Ax-2. The other compound, also having lumazine properties, is, however, different from the 7-hydroxylumazine proposed previously. The influence of pH on the fluorescence of lumazine was studied. The possible use of extracellular pteridines as pH markers was stressed and a method for the determination of the amount of "lumazine equivalents" in the extracellular medium of aggregating D. discoideum cells is elaborated. PMID- 6519646 TI - Inter-observer variation between pathologists in the classification of cutaneous malignant melanoma in western Australia. AB - Inter-observer variation between six pathologists in their application of histological classifications during a survey of cutaneous malignant melanoma was analysed using kappa statistics. The highest levels of adjusted agreement were attained for tumour thickness and the presence of ulceration; intermediate levels were achieved on cross-sectional profile, level of invasion, histogenetic type, solar elastosis and the presence of an associated benign melanocytic lesion; agreement on other histological features of melanoma tended to be relatively poor. The problems experienced in the interpretation of these classifications are discussed and suggestions for their improvement are offered. PMID- 6519645 TI - Circadian rhythm of acid phosphatase activity in rat liver microsomes and dependence of NADH 5 alpha-reductase on phosphatase activity. AB - The specific activity of acid phosphatase in male and female rats follows a circadian rhythm. Preincubation of liver microsomes with testosterone led to an increase of phosphatase activity and a loss of circadian rhythm. NADH 5 alpha reductase was inactivated by several animal and bacterial acid and alkaline phosphatases while the acid phosphatase from potatoes was ineffective. The extent of inhibition depends on the course of circadian rhythm of NADH 5 alpha-reductase activity. Preincubation of microsomes in the presence of testosterone inhibited the NADH 5 alpha-reduction of testosterone. No such inhibition was observed after preincubation of microsomes with progesterone. PMID- 6519647 TI - Renal oncocytoma: the incidence of 18 surgical and 12 autopsy cases. AB - The material of 562 surgically removed renal cell carcinomas or adenomas was reviewed, and 18 tumors were diagnosed as renal oncocytomas. The incidence seemed to increase strikingly during recent years. Similarly, among 112 renal cell tumours from 8489 autopsies, 12 oncocytomas were found. Immunoperoxidase staining for alpha-I-antichymotrypsin was positive in all the tumours studied speaking for the origin from proximal tubular cells. All the tumours behaved in a benign fashion despite the large size and/or moderate histological atypia. The recognition of renal oncocytoma is urged, because its incidence seems to be increasing, and the prognosis is much better than that of renal cell carcinoma. PMID- 6519648 TI - The microvillus in adult jejunal mucosa--an electron microscopic study. AB - The increase in surface area contributed by microvilli per square unit mucosal surface area in the jejunal villus, i.e. amplification factor, has been studied in four normal adults and three adults with treated coeliac disease. Villi were split into three regions, photomicrographs of microvilli were taken from each region and the microvillus amplification factor calculated. The mid-villus region contributed a significantly greater microvillus amplification factor than either the low or upper regions in all patients studied. In addition surface cell heights were greatest in the low- and mid-villus regions. This suggests that the enterocytes in the mid-villus region are best adapted for absorption, and that the enterocytes in the upper-villus regions are undergoing an ageing process. PMID- 6519649 TI - Colorectal juvenile polyps: an epidemiological and histopathological study of 144 cases in Jordanians. AB - The minimal incidence rate of colorectal juvenile polyps in Jordanians was 1.4 per 100 000 in the general population and 2.8 per 100 000 in children under 10 years of age. Out of 144 cases, nine had two to seven polyps and one juvenile polyposis coli. There was male preponderance and a mean age of 8 years: 96.5% of the polyps were in the rectum. Characteristically, stromal oedema, inflammation, ulceration with granulation tissue cap formation and gland regeneration were present. Epithelial hyperplasia was not uncommon and focal dysplastic change was occasionally noted, being always accompanied by hyperplastic change. Focal severe dysplasia was seen in one solitary juvenile polyp. It is concluded that varying degrees of focal epithelial atypia can occasionally develop in solitary juvenile polyps, rarely reaching severe dysplastic change. Malignant transformation in the commonly seen form of juvenile polyp (solitary type) is probably a rare phenomenon, but its frequency needs further evaluation. PMID- 6519650 TI - Mucin profiles in the mucosa adjacent to large bowel non-adenocarcinoma neoplasias. AB - Morphological features and mucin secretion patterns were investigated in the colonic mucosa adjacent to or overlying mesenchymal or primary epithelial neoplasias, other than adenomas and adenocarcinomas. The material included 15 cases of non-adenocarcinoma tumours examined during 1978-1981. Increased sialomucins and morphological features similar to those described in the so called 'transitional' mucosa adjacent to primary colorectal adenocarcinomas were observed in only two cases. In contrast our previous studies have demonstrated 'transitional' profiles in 98% of adenocarcinomas. PMID- 6519651 TI - Adenocarcinoma of the endometrium with glassy-cell features--immunohistochemical observations. AB - A case of adenocarcinoma of the endometrium with glassy-cell features is reported and histochemical and immunohistochemical data are provided together with a review of the relevant literature. The microscopical features of glassy-cell carcinoma appear to be highly characteristic and diagnostic. The tumour is considered to be a distinctive and poorly differentiated type of adenosquamous carcinoma originating in the cervix or the endometrium. We studied the expression of several differentiating characteristics and detected the presence of secretory component and lysozyme in some tumour cells, whereas keratin and prekeratin were consistently absent. Since in normal uterine mucosa immunoreactivity for lysozyme is restricted to endocervical and isthmic epithelium, the presence of this antigen in the tumour would favour an endocervical or isthmic origin of the tumour cells. Furthermore our results suggest that this peculiar type of tumour is not poorly differentiated and that the assertion that glassy-cell carcinoma is a variant of adenosquamous carcinoma is open to doubt. PMID- 6519652 TI - Malignant melanoma of the sympathetic chain: with a consideration of pigmented nerve sheath tumours. AB - A case of malignant melanoma of the posterior mediastinum, arising from the sympathetic chain is reported. The structural features and the presence of long spaced collagen on electron microscopic examination suggest schwannian derivation of the tumour. Similar tumours are reviewed and the histogenesis of pigmented nerve sheath tumours in general is discussed. The term 'malignant melanotic schwannoma' is probably the most appropriate for the tumour entity described here. PMID- 6519653 TI - Plasma levels of luteinizing hormone and steroid hormones in free-living winter groups of willow tits (Parus montanus). AB - Plasma levels of LH, DHT, testosterone, and corticosterone were measured for all members in free-living winter flocks of willow tits, Parus montanus. Hormonal data were related to (1) flock size and (2) age/sex differences. The winter flock defends a large winter territory and shows a well-established social hierarchy in which adults consistently dominate first-year birds. One winter group normally consists of four individuals, two adults and two juveniles. In flocks containing four or five members juvenile willow tits had significantly higher corticosterone values than adults. In small-sized groups, containing three members, all individuals had high plasma levels of corticosterone. No other effects of flock size was found. When data were treated on an age/sex basis, i.e., flock size was not considered, juvenile females were found to have significantly higher plasma levels of testosterone than adult birds, and also significantly higher levels of DHT than juvenile males and adult females. Also, juvenile willow tits had significantly higher plasma levels of corticosterone than adult birds. PMID- 6519654 TI - Dihydrotestosterone activates male mating behavior in castrated King-Holtzman rats. AB - Having previously found that King-Holtzman rats respond behaviorally to dihydrotestosterone (DHT), this strain was used to compare the effectiveness of DHT and dihydrotestosterone propionate (DHTP) in maintaining and reinstating copulatory behavior. The 5 alpha-reduced androgens were capable of stimulating mating behavior in these castrated male rats. DHT and DHTP were equally effective in maintaining ejaculatory behavior, whereas DHT was slightly more potent behaviorally than DHTP in restoring mating responses. It was found that as little as 200 micrograms hormone/day restored ejaculatory behavior in 78% of the DHT treated and 50% of the DHTP-treated rats. In both the maintenance and restoration paradigms, the mating performance of the DHT(P) treated males declined over time. The present data suggest that the conversion of androgen to estrogen may not be critical for the activation of male mating behavior. PMID- 6519655 TI - Progestin receptors and the activation of female reproductive behavior: a critical review. PMID- 6519657 TI - Preferences for salivary odor cues by female hamsters. AB - There is a growing body of data which indicates that saliva may function as a chemosignal in mammals. The salience of this cue in hamsters is investigated. Twelve females were tested in a four-choice olfactorium to determine whether the subjects could differentiate and demonstrate a preference for salivary cues as a function of the dominance status of the stimulus donors and the subjects estrous state. Clear differences in responding were found for estrous as opposed to diestrous females. Estrous females detected and exhibited a preference for male stimuli on the basis of entry and approach measures. Subjects were also found to exhibit sniffing preferences for male odors and possible an avoidance of female odors relative to the saline control. Estrous females appeared to be unable to distinguish between dominant and subordinate males. PMID- 6519656 TI - Periovulatory changes in female sexual behavior and patterns of ovarian steroid secretion in group-living rhesus monkeys. AB - The behavior of nine intact group-living adult female rhesus was observed for 30 min daily with each of four adult male rhesus across a verified ovulatory menstrual cycle. Blood samples collected from females daily or on alternate days were analyzed for estradiol, testosterone, and progesterone. Female patterns of approach, follow, and initiate proximity increased several days prior to the estradiol peak, peaked on the day of the estradiol peak, then declined completely or to very low frequencies. Mounts, intromissions, and ejaculations increased significantly on the day of the estradiol peak, remained elevated for 2 more days, then declined completely by the fifth day after peak estradiol. Ejaculations never occurred outside of a 10-day period starting 4 days before the estradiol peak and ending 5 days after the estradiol peak. During this period females initiated over 90% of all approaches. Female hand slap, threaten away, and stand up increased significantly on the first day of increased copulation, remained elevated while copulation was significantly elevated, then decreased along with the decline in copulation. Ten of eleven patterns of female behavior correlated significantly with estradiol level prior to the estradiol peak. All were significantly inversely correlated with progesterone level after the estradiol peak. No pattern of female behavior correlated significantly with testosterone either before or after the estradiol peak. Similarly, male patterns of behavior correlated with female levels of estradiol and progesterone, but not testosterone. These results demonstrate a relationship between increased serum estradiol and increased female initiation of sexual behavior. The finding that some patterns of female behavior increase several days prior to copulation, whereas other behaviors increase coincident with increased copulation suggests that the behavior of group-living rhesus females serves two functions. The first is to communicate sexual interest and the second is to maintain the consort pair and increase the probability that ejaculation will occur. In addition, the strong correlation between preovulatory female behavior and estradiol level suggests that the female's behavior provides precise information about her reproductive state and could thus coordinate copulation with maximal fertility. PMID- 6519658 TI - Suckling ability and maternal prolactin levels in hypothyroid rats. AB - Long-Evans rats and their offspring were made hypothyroid by addition of the antithyroid goitrogen 6-N-propylthiouracil (PTU) to the drinking water (0.1%) from the day of parturition. Serum concentrations of prolactin (PRL), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and thyroxine (T4) were determined by double radioimmunoassay (RIA). From the fifth postnatal day, body weight of PTU-treated pups was significantly lower than that of control rats, and a strikingly elevated serum TSH level and nondetectable amount of T4 were measured both in PTU-exposed mothers and their offspring at Day 10 postpartum. To test the youngs' suckling capability and the amount of maternal milk production, 10- and 15-day-old normal and PTU-treated pups were separated from their mothers for 4 hr in the morning and then reunited and allowed to suckle. Normal pups gained body weight at the end of both the first and second hour postreunion, while PTU pups gained only during the first hour and lost weight in the second hour of testing. When the pups were exchanged between normal and PTU mothers, opposite results were obtained, indicating that the reduced gain in hypothyroid rats was not due to impaired suckling capability, or insufficient sensory stimulation for milk secretion but to a decreased milk production of PTU mothers. In accordance with this, in lactating hypothyroid rats both the basal (presuckling) level and the suckling-induced rise of serum PRL were found significantly depressed. PMID- 6519659 TI - Hormonal influences on natal dispersal in free-living Belding's ground squirrels (Spermophilus beldingi). AB - Preliminary identification of the physiological causes of natal dispersal in two populations of free-living Belding's ground squirrels (Spermophilus beldingi) was attempted in the Sierra Nevada of California. Two competing hypotheses, each suggesting a different endocrinological cause for natal dispersal in this species were tested. Data collected by observation, trapping, and telemetry during three field seasons (1979-1981) contradict predictions of the hypothesis that concurrent, high levels of circulating gonadal steroids cause natal dispersal. Rather the data suggest that perinatal exposure to androgen subsequently results in dispersal of treated individuals. The hormone may promote dispersal behavior through its mediating effects on juveniles' exploratory and social behaviors, and on their responsiveness to frightening stimuli. Possible interactions of endocrine mechanisms with other proximal and ultimate causes of dispersal are discussed. PMID- 6519660 TI - Further evidence for masculinization of female rats by males located caudally in utero. AB - The morphology and behavior of female rodents is partially masculinized as a result of residence near males in the same uterine horn (Clemens effect). Two hypothetical mechanisms have been proposed to account for this effect. In the first hypothesis ("contiguity") androgens secreted by males in utero are proposed to diffuse across the amniotic membrane, reaching adjacent fetuses. In the second hypothesis ("caudal male") androgens are transported via the cervical-to-ovarian blood flow and may diffuse directly between closely apposed uterine veins and arteries. This study was designed to test directly which of these mechanisms appears more influential in masculinizing the morphology of female rats. Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were decapitated early on Day 22 of gestation and pups were Caesarean delivered. Their anogenital distance and body weight were recorded, location in utero coded by means of footpad tatooing, and each litter fostered to a maternal female. Measurements were taken again when the animals were weaned. Statistical analysis revealed that the presence of one or more males caudal to a female in the uterine horn has a more critical influence on that female's morphology than contiguity per se. Such a mechanism may result in partial masculinization of dimorphic behaviors later in life. PMID- 6519661 TI - The ability of females to predict male status via urinary odors. AB - In an earlier study, estrous female hamsters were found to prefer the urinary odors of dominant males. This study investigated whether estrous females would exhibit preferential responding to randomly chosen, socially naive males before dominance testing occurred. Estrous females were indeed found to exhibit such preferences. Such discriminative abilities are discussed with reference to adaptive mating strategies for females. PMID- 6519663 TI - Calcium amelioration of cadmium-induced cytotoxicity in cultured rat hepatocytes. AB - Parenchymal hepatocytes from neonatal rats were isolated, cultured about 24 h, exposed to cadmium with or without calcium, and processed for scanning electron microscopy. To assess the severity of cadmium-induced changes, exposed hepatocytes were categorized based upon the extent of morphological damage. Differences in surface blebbing, alterations in microvilli, variations in the degree of swelling, and changes in cell shape were used to categorize the severity of cell damage. A double-blind morphometric analysis (a geometricostatistical processing of two-dimensional data for the collection of three-dimensional information) of cellular changes was conducted for each exposure time and for each concentration of cadmium in the presence or absence of calcium. Significant decreases occurred in the percent relative volume of normal, flattened cells present in cultures exposed for 30 min to 50 or 100 microM cadmium in the absence of calcium. In contrast, the percent relative volume of severely damaged spherical cells was significantly increased after exposure to solutions containing 50 or 100 microM cadmium and lacking calcium. Percent relative volume of intermediate cells (which were slightly swollen and showed changes in microvillar number) was significantly increased following a 30 min exposure to all cadmium concentrations in the absence of calcium. The examination of hepatocytes exposed for 60 min showed that the degree of cadmium-induced cytotoxicity was more severe in the absence of calcium than was the case for the hepatocyte cultures exposed for 30 min: approximately 30% more spherical cells and 30% fewer flattened cells were present if cultures were exposed in the absence of calcium for 60 min compared to those exposed for 30 min. The degree of blebbing was significantly greater at all cadmium concentrations in the absence of calcium. The presence of calcium, therefore, reduced cadmium-induced cytotoxicity in primary cultures of rat hepatocytes subjected to morphometric analysis after scanning electron microscopy. PMID- 6519662 TI - Cadmium-induced hepatotoxicity in cultured rat hepatocytes as evaluated by morphometric analysis. AB - Freshly isolated hepatocytes from neonatal rats were cultured for approximately 24 h; incubated for 5, 30, or 60 min in solutions containing 0, 50, 100, or 200 microM cadmium; embedded in plastic; and sectioned for optical microscopy. The extent of cadmium-induced hepatotoxicity was evaluated by double-blind morphometric analysis (a geometricostatistical processing of two-dimensional data for the collection of three-dimensional information) whereby hepatocytes were classified on the basis of the severity of morphologic damage at the optical level. Both time and concentration effects were studied. Cultures exposed to 200 microM cadmium, for various intervals of time from 5 to 60 min, showed statistically significant reductions in the relative volume percent of normal hepatocytes, elevations (then reductions) in the relative volume percent of slightly damaged hepatocytes, increases in the relative volume percent of moderately damaged cells, and increases in the relative volume percent of severely damaged liver cells. As the concentration of cadmium was increased from 50 to 200 microM cadmium (during both 30 and 60-min exposures), significant trends were observed in cellular distribution patterns based on relative volume percent. Morphologically normal cells decreased, both slightly damaged and moderately damaged cells increased, and severely damaged cells remained unchanged. These results indicated that morphometric analysis at the optical level provided quantitative estimates for the evaluation of time- and concentration-effects of cadmium on cultured hepatocytes. PMID- 6519664 TI - Assessment of cell-substrate adhesion by a centrifugal method. AB - A centrifugal method has been evaluated for measuring the strength of Vero Green Monkey kidney cell adhesion to growth surfaces. The centrifugal force necessary to remove cells gave a quantitative measure of cell adhesion and hence the quality of the growth surface. After being subjected to high gravity forces, both the remaining attached cells and the detached cells were viable, indicating the detachment process did not simply rupture the cell. Electron microscope examination of growth surfaces after cell detachment suggested that remnants related to filopodia remained. PMID- 6519665 TI - Surface treatments and cell attachment. AB - Photoelectron spectroscopic examination of treated plastic surfaces showed that surface oxidation, primarily as carboxyl groups, was responsible for formation of good growth surfaces. Gas-plasma studies indicated that only very short exposures were required and that the effect was confined to a thin surface layer that produced adhesive surfaces. Highly adhesive surfaces were produced using oxidizing chemicals. Studies with a polymeric ester demonstrated the importance of unesterified carboxyl groups for high adhesiveness. PMID- 6519666 TI - Effect of clonal senescence on low density lipoprotein-receptor activity of bovine arterial endothelial cells. AB - Senescent and young bovine arterial endothelial cells derived from the same parental cell clone were compared to test the effect of in vitro endothelial cell senescence on low density lipoprotein (LDL) and modified LDL-receptor activities. Low density lipoprotein binding and degradation were both increased in cells that underwent a larger number of population doublings, whereas acetyl LDL binding and degradation were unchanged. The increased LDL-receptor activity associated with endothelial cell senescence remained significant after variation of cell number among senescent and young clones was taken into account. Thus, aging endothelial cells seem capable of continuing to process LDL and modified LDL, which could play a role in the arterial wall changes that occur with age in vivo. PMID- 6519667 TI - Use of cyclosporin A in establishing Epstein-Barr virus-transformed human lymphoblastoid cell lines. AB - We have investigated the potential for using cyclosporin A to increase the efficiency with which Epstein-Barr virus-transformed human lymphoblast lines can be prepared. Use of this immunosuppressive drug has permitted the development of a procedure with success rates exceeding 95% despite the processing of very large numbers of samples. PMID- 6519668 TI - Primary and long term epithelial cell cultures from human fetal normal colonic mucosa. AB - Primary and passaged cultures of normal colon epithelial cells, derived from human fetuses (13 to 17 wk of conceptual age) have been established. These cultures have been passaged 16 times thus far. The cultures have been initiated and maintained in medium consisting of 50% Dulbecco's minimum essential medium and 50% Ham's F12 medium and supplemented with antibiotics (penicillin, 100 U/ml; streptomycin, 100 micrograms/ml); ascorbic acid, 40 micrograms/ml; L-isoleucine, 50 micrograms/ml; epidermal growth factor, 20 ng/ml; insulin, 5 micrograms/ml; cholera toxin, 5 ng/ml; transferrin, 1 microgram/ml; fetal bovine serum (10%); and HEPES, 25 mM final concentration, and incubated at 37 degrees C in humidified gas containing 5% CO2: 95% air. The cellular and subcellular characteristics of primary and passaged cultures were defined using light microscopy and scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The cells exhibited microvilli on cell surfaces and showed junctional complexes and interdigitations between cells. Indented nuclei with dense chromatin and marginated heterochromatin, numerous mitochondria, rough endoplasmic reticulum, polysomes, and extensive Golgi zones were conspicuous. Also, periodic acid Schiff's reagent-positive staining of the cells suggests the active synthesis of complex mucopolysaccharides in the cytoplasm. PMID- 6519669 TI - Lipopolysaccharide and serum synergistically stimulate ornithine decarboxylase in Chinese hamster ovary cells. AB - Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), the active component of bacterial endotoxin, caused no significant increase in ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity in serum-starved, Chinese hamster ovary fibroblasts. However, concurrent addition of LPS with 10% fetal bovine serum caused a synergistic 30 to 40-fold increase in enzyme activity as compared to the 10 to 20-fold increase seen after addition of serum alone. This synergism was not due to an alteration in the time course of enzyme induction after serum addition. The LPS-induced synergy of ODC induction by serum was inhibited by the concurrent addition of the specific LPS-antagonist, Polymyxin B. PMID- 6519670 TI - Circular dichroism studies on carcinoscorpin, the sialic acid binding lectin of horseshoe crab, Carcinoscorpius rotundacauda. PMID- 6519671 TI - Effect of membrane composition on the immune reactivity of galactosylated liposomes. PMID- 6519672 TI - Interactions of some spore constituents: an NMR study. PMID- 6519674 TI - Purification and properties of glycogen phosphorylase from the estuarine fish, Etroplus suratensis. PMID- 6519673 TI - Activity of RNA polymerase of the brain of rats of various ages. PMID- 6519675 TI - Induction of hepatic alkaline phosphatase by antimicrotubular substances. PMID- 6519676 TI - Induction of hepatic alkaline phosphatase by methylxanthines--influence of age and sex and the role of adrenals. PMID- 6519677 TI - Effect of adriamycin administration on some mitochondrial enzyme activities in rats. PMID- 6519678 TI - Hypolipidemic effects of onion oil and garlic oil in ethanol-fed rats. PMID- 6519679 TI - Effects of allylpropyl disulphide isolated from Allium cepa Linn on high-fat fed rats. PMID- 6519680 TI - Identical specificity of lupus antibodies and antibodies elicited in rabbits against Sm and RNP antigens. AB - Rabbits immunized with purified Sm and RNP small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs) produced precipitating and hemagglutinating antibodies against these antigens. These antibodies had immunological specificity identical to the naturally occurring SLE anti-Sm/RNP antibodies as demonstrated by immunoprecipitation results and studies involving the characterization of immunoaffinity purified antigens isolated from the rabbit immune and SLE anti Sm/RNP IgG affinity columns. PMID- 6519681 TI - Detection of impaired mitogen responses in autologous whole blood of cancer patients using an optimized method of lymphocyte stimulation. AB - Mitogenic lymphocyte stimulation with six concentrations of phytohemagglutinin (PHA) was compared in 60 patients with advanced or metastatic cancer and 30 age- and sex-matched healthy controls using an optimized whole blood method. Since the method is simple and the number of technical variables relatively small, a "normal" range of PHA responsiveness expressed in absolute cpm, could be established. It is thus possible to directly compare results from different laboratories. A markedly reduced lymphocyte stimulation was found in cancer patients compared to controls, although leukocyte and lymphocyte counts were almost "normal". The implications of this finding are discussed with regard to immunosuppression by the tumor and previous chemotherapy. PMID- 6519682 TI - Binding of anti-galactosyl antibodies to galactosylated liposomes. AB - The binding characteristics of rabbit anti-galactosyl antibodies elicited through galactosylated liposomes were studied. The association constants (13 X 10(5) M-1 and 21 X 10(5) M-1 of Fabmu and Fab fragments with the galactosylated liposomes were determined by measuring the binding of radioiodinated antibodies. The effect of free ligand (methyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside) and the ligand coupled to the liposomal surface (galactosylated liposomes) on the structure of antibodies was investigated using circular dichroism (CD) measurements. Changes were observed in both the secondary and tertiary structure of antibodies upon binding to galactosylated liposomes. In contrast, the free ligand induced alterations only in the near-UV region of the CD spectra, indicating a change in tertiary structure only. PMID- 6519683 TI - Modulation of early mRNA synthesis in lectin-induced lymphocyte activation--an association with a possible factor. AB - Two phases of early mRNA synthesis were observed in lectin-induced lymphocyte activation. At 0-2 h, lectin-treated lymphocytes showed a considerable decrease in nuclear RNA polymerase II activity as compared with that of untreated cells and, at later periods, a reverse increase was observed. Such modulation of mRNA synthesis is not due to the change of RNA polymerase II, but a possible factor in nuclei. This factor represses RNA chain initiation and stimulates chromatin dependent RNA elongation catalyzed by RNA polymerase II. It was characterized to be a 10-30 kDa sugar-containing molecule and the physiological significance of this factor is discussed from the viewpoint of the transcriptional regulation. PMID- 6519684 TI - Antioxidant defence system of erythrocytes in relation to Agrobacterium tumefaciens lipopolysaccharide administration in mice. PMID- 6519685 TI - Dose-dependent toxicity and reduction deformity of hind limbs in CF rat fetuses- an experimental study. PMID- 6519686 TI - Atropine propranolol interaction on pupil size and heart rate of conscious rabbits. PMID- 6519687 TI - Effect of experimental arrhythmias and antiarrhythmic drugs on succinate dehydrogenase and lactate dehydrogenase activity in cat heart. PMID- 6519688 TI - Depletion of myocardial potassium as a function of age and experimental necrosis. PMID- 6519689 TI - Embryotoxicity of styrene and its effect on heme biosynthesis. PMID- 6519690 TI - Binding of 125I-concanavalin A by enucleated amoeba: a nuclear transplantation study. PMID- 6519691 TI - Thermal response of the monitor lizard, Varanus monitor, to increased Na+ and Ca2+ in cerebrospinal fluid. PMID- 6519692 TI - New fragile sites in a 'D' group chromosome-13 in human lymphocytes. PMID- 6519693 TI - Screening of Indian plants for biological activity--Part XI. PMID- 6519694 TI - An analysis of blood glucose, adrenal ascorbic acid and cholesterol contents in bursectomised chickens. PMID- 6519695 TI - Comparative studies on cultivation of buffalo pox virus in pup kidney and chicken embryo fibroblast cell culture. PMID- 6519696 TI - Effect of dengue virus-induced macrophage cytotoxin on functions of human blood leucocytes. PMID- 6519697 TI - Serological study on congenital rubella in Delhi. PMID- 6519698 TI - Occurrence of transferable multi-drug resistance in Vibrio cholerae-O1 in an endemic area. PMID- 6519699 TI - Prostaglandins E & F levels in mice infected with Giardia lamblia. PMID- 6519700 TI - Comparative cytologic evaluation of device smears in women using CuT 200 devices & Lippes loop. PMID- 6519701 TI - Frequency of febrile illness in Hb E-thalassaemia patients. PMID- 6519702 TI - Vitamin B12 & folic acid deficiency in beta-heterozygous thalassaemia. PMID- 6519703 TI - Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency, thalassaemia & abnormal haemoglobins in Bohra Muslims. PMID- 6519704 TI - Influence of therapeutic radiation on serum enzyme levels in patients with cancer of thoracic oesophagus. PMID- 6519705 TI - Pulmonary function studies in myasthenia gravis. PMID- 6519706 TI - Effect of centpropazine on hepatic drug metabolizing enzymes in rat. PMID- 6519707 TI - Comparative evaluation of subarachnoid morphine & pethidine for post-operative analgesia. PMID- 6519708 TI - Immunopathological alterations in patients with seronegative spondarthritis. PMID- 6519709 TI - A rapid method for identification of mosquito blood meal. PMID- 6519710 TI - Resting behaviour of anophelines & sporozoite rates in vectors of malaria along the river Thenpennai (Tamil Nadu). PMID- 6519711 TI - Feasibility of community participation for vector control in villages. PMID- 6519713 TI - Feeding behaviour, age structure & vectorial capacity of Anopheles culicifacies Giles along the river Thenpennai (Tamil Nadu). PMID- 6519712 TI - Host selection patterns in anophelines in riverine villages of Tamil Nadu. PMID- 6519714 TI - Density of Anopheles culicifacies Giles in relation to control measures along the river Thenpennai (Tamil Nadu). PMID- 6519715 TI - Natural infection & vectorial capacity of Anopheles culicifacies Giles in Rameswaram island (Tamil Nadu). PMID- 6519716 TI - Density & biting behaviour of Anopheles culicifacies Giles in Rameswaram island (Tamil Nadu). PMID- 6519717 TI - Persistent malaria transmission in Pudukuppam--a coastal village of Pondicherry. PMID- 6519718 TI - Laboratory studies on the biology of Anopheles subpictus Grassi, 1899. PMID- 6519719 TI - Field observations on the swarming & the mating behaviour of Anopheles subpictus Grassi 1899. PMID- 6519720 TI - Control of Anopheles subpictus breeding in backwaters of two coastal villages of Pondicherry. PMID- 6519721 TI - Salinity tolerance of sibling species in the taxon Anopheles subpictus Grassi, 1899. PMID- 6519722 TI - Impact of storage period & temperature on the larvicidal activity of bacterial pesticide formulations. PMID- 6519723 TI - Indigenous isolation of F-17--an oomycetous fungus pathogenic to mosquito larvae. PMID- 6519724 TI - Sickle cell anemia. PMID- 6519725 TI - Uncommon manifestations of salmonellosis. PMID- 6519726 TI - A new approach in the study of saccadic eye velocity (the role of S. quotient). PMID- 6519727 TI - The phenomenon of alternate saccadic underaction in essential alternating convergent squint (an E.O.G. study). PMID- 6519728 TI - Retinal sensitivity in astigmatism and meridional amblyopia. PMID- 6519729 TI - Choroidal detachment in association with retinal detachment. PMID- 6519730 TI - Rotational grafting of pterygium. PMID- 6519731 TI - Management of large lid colobomas following entropion surgery. PMID- 6519733 TI - Papilloedema caused by spinal tumour in a case of optic nerve glioma--a clinical report. PMID- 6519734 TI - Extra orbital venous varicosity: case report. PMID- 6519732 TI - Cataract surgery as an outdoor procedure in rural areas through mobile van (a new strategy for prevention of cataract blindness). PMID- 6519735 TI - Streptothrix canaliculitis. PMID- 6519736 TI - Primary extramedullary solitary plasmacytoma of conjunctiva--a case report. PMID- 6519738 TI - Surgical management of ptosis. PMID- 6519737 TI - Intra-orbital dermoid. PMID- 6519740 TI - Importance of dietary salt in the hemodynamic adjustment to weight reduction in obese hypertensive men. AB - Twenty-three moderately obese middle-aged men with previously untreated hypertension (World Health Organization classification 1-2) were evaluated to assess the effects on blood pressure (BP) of a diet restricted in energy (fats and carbohydrates) but unrestricted in sodium (Group 1) compared to a diet restricted in energy and sodium (Group 2). The patients were randomly allocated to either of the two groups and were comparable in age, sex, weight, and BP. The same energy- and sodium- restricted diet was given to both groups, but the intake of Group 1 (n = 13) was supplemented with dietary sodium. The average urinary output for Group 1 was 192 +/- 39 mmol/24 hr at baseline and 200 +/- 56 mmol/24 hr during the diet. For Group 2 (n = 10), which remained on the initial diet, urinary sodium excretion changed from 188 +/- 53 mmol/24 hr at baseline to 97 +/- 32 mmol/24 hr (p less than 0.001). Intraarterial BP, cardiac output (CO), plasma volume, circulating norepinephrine (NE), and urinary NE were measured at baseline and at the end of the dieting periods. Before the dietary sodium supplement while on the initial diet, the patients in Group 2 showed a reduction in body weight from 97.3 +/- 10.5 kg to 88.6 +/- 9.9 kg (p less than 0.001). Heart rate (HR) and urinary NE output were significantly reduced in comparison with baseline, but intraarterial BP was unchanged. No change in cardiopulmonary blood volume, CO, or stroke volume (SV) was observed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6519739 TI - High blood pressure in older Americans. The First National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. AB - Data from a representative sample of the U.S. adult population obtained during 1971-1975 were analyzed to provide a profile of blood pressure (BP) levels and related nutritional and sociodemographic factors. Older adults (aged 55-74 years) had a twofold greater prevalence of high BP than younger adults (25-54 years), and older black persons had the highest rates. Isolated systolic elevation was uncommon under 54 years of age, but occurred in 5% to 10% of adults over 55 years and was less common than systolic-diastolic elevation. In older adults, body mass (weight/height2) had the strongest relationship to BP of all the nutritional variables. Alcohol consumption and dietary calcium and phosphorus were associated with high BP, but dietary sodium and salt use were not. The serum calcium/phosphorus ratio and serum urate were significantly higher in older adults with high BP. In general, the variables associated with elevated BP in older adults were similar to those in younger adults, although the strengths of the associations differed. Associations of factors useful for nonpharmacologic prevention and management of high BP in older persons were suggested from this survey. PMID- 6519741 TI - Adrenergic activity and peripheral hemodynamics in relation to sodium sensitivity in patients with essential hypertension. AB - In 25 outpatients with essential hypertension, sodium sensitivity, defined as the difference in mean arterial pressure (delta MAP) between 2 weeks of high-sodium (300 mmol per day) and 2 weeks of low-sodium (LS) intake (50-100 mmol per day), was studied in relation to the plasma norepinephrine (NE) level, NE release, and pressor response to intravenous NE. In addition, forearm blood flow (FBF) was measured by plethysmography. There were two control periods of regular sodium intake, one of 4 weeks' duration at the beginning of the study and one of 2 weeks' duration at the end. The delta MAP ranged from +18 to -8 mm Hg. The eight patients in whom delta MAP was greater than 10 mm Hg were regarded as salt sensitive. When compared with salt-insensitive subjects, salt-sensitive patients had higher plasma NE levels in the control period (p less than 0.05) and after 2 weeks of HS intake (p less than 0.01). Sodium sensitivity was directly related to the change in plasma NE between the HS and LS periods (p less than 0.001). The NE release decreased in salt-insensitive subjects whereas it increased in salt sensitive patients between the LS and HS periods. Changes in NE release were directly related to sodium sensitivity (p less than 0.05). The pressor response to NE was not significantly influenced by changes in sodium intake. The FBF fell in salt-sensitive patients and increased in salt-insensitive subjects between the LS and HS periods. Sodium sensitivity was directly related to the change in forearm vascular resistance (p less than 0.01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6519742 TI - Cholinergic stimulation of vasopressin release in spontaneously hypertensive rats. AB - Plasma vasopressin (VP) concentration is elevated in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) relative to their normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) controls. The possibility that this reflects altered responsiveness of the hypothalamo neurohypophyseal system (HNS) in SHRs was examined by comparing VP release in response to acetylcholine from organ cultured HNS explants obtained from SHR and WKY donors. Explants were prepared from 5-, 8-, and 18-week-old animals. Blood pressure was significantly elevated in the 8- and 18-week-old SHR donors relative to their age-matched WKY donors. VP release was assessed on the 4th day of culture during a control hour and during the subsequent hour in the presence of acetylcholine. Acetylcholine caused a concentration-dependent stimulation of VP release from both types of explants, but the response was significantly greater in the explants from 5- and 8-week-old SHRs than in explants from age-matched WKYs. The explants from 18-week-old SHRs and WKYs demonstrated comparable sensitivity to acetylcholine. Basal VP release was not significantly different in explants from age-matched SHRs and WKYs, but it did increase with donor age in both strains. These studies indicate potential hyperresponsiveness of the HNS to excitatory stimuli in SHRs during the developmental phase of hypertension. The hyperresponsiveness disappears in the chronically hypertensive phase. Thus, increased sensitivity of the HNS during the development of hypertension may contribute to the elevation of plasma VP concentration in SHRs. PMID- 6519743 TI - Vasopressor hyperresponsiveness in New Zealand genetically hypertensive rats. AB - The relationship of blood pressure (BP) to vascular hyperresponsiveness to norepinephrine (NE) in New Zealand genetically hypertensive (NZGH) rats was studied with an isolated, perfused hindquarters preparation. Four separate studies were conducted, and the findings were as follows. 1) Compared with New Zealand normotensive rats (NZNR), NZGH rats by 3 weeks of age clearly showed hyperresponsiveness, although the BP difference had not yet fully developed. 2) Bilateral renal denervation of NZGH at 3 weeks of age delayed the development of hypertension for 4 weeks, but did not lessen the vascular hyperresponsiveness. 3) In one-kidney, one clip renal hypertensive NZNR, vascular responsiveness was increased but remained less than that of age-matched NZGH. 4) In an F2 generation of NZGH-NZNR cross-bred rats, the average adult systolic BP was 163 mm Hg, similar to that of the NZGH parent strain; however, vascular responsiveness was reduced to an intermediate level, lower than that of NZGH but higher than that of NZNR. It is concluded that the vascular hyperresponsiveness of NZGH rats to NE is a primary characteristic that can be largely dissociated from elevated BP. PMID- 6519744 TI - Microvascular pressure, flow, and resistance in spontaneously hypertensive rats. AB - Microvascular resistance (MVR), determined as the ratio of the second-order arteriolar blood pressure (servo-null method) to blood flow (dual-slit), was assessed in the cremaster muscle preparation of 7- to 8-week-old normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). The MVR was used as an index of resistance during 1) control conditions; 2) superfusion of graded concentrations of the catecholamine norepinephrine (NE; WKY n = 8, SHR n = 8); 3) superfusion with NE and in the presence of a fixed concentration of the vasodilator sodium nitroprusside (NP; 10(-5) M); and 4) superfusion with the noncatecholamine phenylephrine (PE; WKY n = 8, SHR n = 9). The vasoconstrictor challenges were carried out to determine if there was any differential vascular sensitivity between the hypertensive and nonhypertensive rats to the exposure of an endogenous-like constrictor possessing a catechol nucleus as opposed to a strictly synthetic analog. The presence of NP was employed to assess the degree of vasoconstriction normally present under control conditions. The combination of NE and NP was used to test for a differential vasoconstrictor sensitivity, beginning from maximally dilated conditions. The MVR, assessed at the second order arteriolar level, represents approximately 35% of the total resistance of the skeletal muscle and is intimately involved in maintaining proper end-organ perfusion pressure. The microvascular resistance of the SHR group was almost four times greater than that of the WKY group under control conditions. Maximum vasodilation with topical NP reduced the MVR in both groups, but the SHR microvascular resistance remained two times greater than that found in the WKY. The SHR had greater MVR responses following challenge with both NE and PE and also in the presence of NP during NE challenge. The conclusions are: 1) the microvascular resistance of the SHR is elevated under control conditions due to structural modifications of the vasculature and exacerbated following constrictor challenge as a result of heightened vasoconstrictor sensitivity; and 2) the elevated MVR in the SHR is not due to a simple arterial vasoconstriction that can be totally eliminated with vasodilation. PMID- 6519746 TI - Role of renal papillae in the regulation of sodium excretion during acute elevation of renal perfusion pressure in the rat. AB - We studied the role of renal papillae in the mechanism of increased sodium excretion during acute increase in mean arterial pressure (MAP). Sodium excretion increased dramatically in normal rats after acute increase in MAP by epinephrine (E) infusion (0.4 micrograms/min/100g). Glomerular filtration rate (GFR), renal blood flow (RBF), and papillary plasma flow (PPF) remained unchanged after the E administration. To define the role of the medulla in the mechanism of pressure induced natriuresis, experiments were performed in a group of rats 8 to 12 days after the development of papillary necrosis induced by bromoethylamine hydrobromide. Urinary sodium and fractional sodium excretions were 2.00 +/- 0.34 microEq/min and 2.37 +/- 0.53% (n = 7), respectively, in papillary necrosis rats infused with saline. Administration of E to papillary necrosis rats, however, failed to increase both urinary sodium (2.89 +/- 0.61 microEq/min) and fractional sodium (FENa, 2.82 +/- 0.63%, n = 6) excretions despite a marked increase in MAP (129 vs 150 mm Hg, p less than 0.01). The RBF increased slightly after E infusion (4.42 vs 3.24 ml/min/100 g, p less than 0.05), but the GFR was not different between the control (0.39 +/- 0.05 ml/min/100g, n = 7) and the E-treated rats (0.43 +/- 0.06, n = 6). Failure to increase sodium excretion during acute increase in MAP was not due to the decreased GFR, since control rats with bilateral partial nephrectomy were able to increase sodium excretion from 1.92 +/ 0.33 to 7.76 +/- 1.63 microEq/min (p less than 0.01) after E infusion. These findings, therefore, suggest that renal papillae play a major role in the mechanism of natriuresis during acute increase in MAP. PMID- 6519745 TI - Vascular responses to serotonin in steroid hypertensive rats. AB - This study investigates the mechanism responsible for increased vascular sensitivity to serotonin in deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)-salt hypertension. Femoral arteries from normotensive and hypertensive rats were excised and cut into helical strips for isometric force recording. Dose-response curves to serotonin were shifted significantly to the left in arteries from DOCA-salt hypertensive rats compared to those from normotensive rats (ED50:DOCA = 7.1 X 10( 8) M; control = 27 X 10(-8) M). The partial agonistic properties of methysergide were increased in femoral arteries from DOCA-salt hypertensive rats. The competitive antagonism of serotonin by methysergide or ketanserin was similar in arteries from control and DOCA-salt hypertensive rats (pA2: methysergide, control = 10.4, DOCA = 10.5; and ketanserin, control = 10.4, DOCA = 10.4). After cellular calcium (Ca) depletion with EGTA, dose-response curves to Ca were obtained in the presence of serotonin (5.7 X 10(-5) M). The Ca sensitivity of vessels from hypertensive rats was not statistically different from that in arteries from normotensive rats. Contractile responses to serotonin in calcium-free solution following loading of a cellular store with Ca were 50% greater in arteries from DOCA hypertensive rats. These results suggest that the enhanced sensitivity to serotonin in DOCA-salt hypertensive rats is not related to a change in receptor affinity nor to an alteration in transmembrane movement of Ca following receptor activation. The increased serotonin sensitivity is related to an altered mobilization of Ca from a cellular store. PMID- 6519748 TI - Hypertensive cardiovascular disease. A pathophysiological assessment. PMID- 6519747 TI - Role of dopamine in the development of spontaneous hypertension. AB - To investigate the role of brain catecholamines in the development of spontaneous hypertension, rats were treated with different doses of the neurotoxins 6 hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) or DSP-4 (N-[2-chloroethyl]-N-ethyl-2-bromobenzylamine hydrochloride). Intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) 6-OHDA attenuated the development of hypertension in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and also lowered the systolic blood pressure (BP) in Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) and stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP). Norepinephrine was markedly and dose dependently depleted in brain areas of all three substrains. Dopamine was affected also, although to a lesser extent. Pretreatment with the norepinephrine uptake inhibitor desmethylimipramine (DMI) did not influence the effect of 6-OHDA on the development of hypertension in SHR. DMI largely antagonized the 6-OHDA induced depletion of brain norepinephrine, while dopamine depletion was not affected. Specific depletion of brain norepinephrine by treatment with DSP-4 did not alter the rise in BP in SHR. These results suggest that the effect of 6-OHDA on the development of hypertension in SHR may not be mediated through destruction of brain norepinephrine neurons, but that interruption of brain dopaminergic mechanisms is a possibility in this respect. PMID- 6519749 TI - Pathophysiology and clinical implications of early structural changes. PMID- 6519750 TI - Consequences of structural renovascular changes for renal barostat function. AB - During maximal vasodilatation the renal vascular beds of normotensive control rats (NCR), uninephrectomized NCR (U-NCR), spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), and two-kidney, one clip renal hypertensive rats (RHR) have been compared concerning glomerular filtration capacity, total renovascular resistance, and the relationship between perfusion pressure and glomerular filtration rate (GFR). The GFR reflects the important ratio between the preglomerular and postglomerular resistances that is a major determinant of GFR, and during maximal vasodilatation it shows whether, and how, this ratio is altered by differentiated renovascular structural adaptation. In SHR hypertension this ratio soon becomes increased to match the pressure rise as a result of structural changes, which implies a most efficient upward resetting of the renal barostat function. Later the postglomerular resistance is also raised in SHR as a result of structural changes. This adaptation presumably occurs to offset the gradual deterioration in glomerular filtration capacity. In the clipped, "low-pressure" RHR kidney, only the preglomerular resistance is reduced, a local adaptation tending to offset the effect of the artificial inflow hindrance on GFR as a result of structural changes. In the "pressure-exposed" RHR kidney the preglomerular and postglomerular resistances are both equally increased, again as a result of structural changes. In this situation, therefore, resetting of the renal barostat function occurs less efficiently than in SHR. This may explain the observation that arterial pressure readily normalizes in RHR on declipping. The hypertrophic U-NCR kidney shows a proportional and uniform outgrowth of the renovascular bed, thus without altering the pre-postglomerular resistance ratio.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6519751 TI - Structural changes of large arteries in sustained essential hypertension. AB - The physical properties of intact superficial arteries can be studied in humans by using original pulsed Doppler systems. Measurements of the diameter, blood flow velocity, volumic flow, and compliance of the brachial artery can be obtained in hypertensive humans in comparison with controls of the same age. In sustained essential hypertension, arterial compliance is decreased, in a manner that is not related exclusively to age and to the level of blood pressure. On the basis of pharmacological studies, the predominant role of activation of the autonomic nervous system can be excluded. As observed in isolated systolic hypertension and in arteriosclerosis obliterans of the lower limbs, the reduction in arterial compliance is probably due to structural alterations of the arterial wall, which produce a disproportionate increase in systolic pressure. Nitroglycerine is able to reverse both the decreased compliance and the increased systolic pressure. The conclusion follows that adaptive changes of large arteries participate in the structural autoregulation of blood flow in hypertension and lead to a predominant elevation of systolic pressure in older subjects. PMID- 6519752 TI - Vascular, volume, and cardiac response to normal and hypertensive pregnancy. AB - Cardiovascular adaptations to the circulatory and volume changes of pregnancy have been studied in late normal and hypertensive pregnancy and postpartum. There has been evidence of a marked plasma volume expansion in normal pregnancy, blunted in preeclampsia; an increased capillary permeability during normal pregnancy; augmented left ventricular mass, which is increased in mild preeclampsia; and similar increases in peripheral venous distensibility during normal and preeclamptic pregnancy. In mild preeclampsia the enlarged ventricle has been shown to be capable of maintaining a normal cardiac output despite elevated afterload. The forearm vascular bed appears to play little part in these adjustments, because forearm venous distensibility has been shown to be higher during normal pregnancy than during postpartum; in hypertensive individuals there was no difference during pregnancy and postpartum. It is evident from this brief review that it is too early to draw clear-cut conclusions regarding the vascular, volume, and cardiac response to normal and hypertensive pregnancy. Research in this field, including two-dimensional echocardiography and plethysmography in larger homogeneous groups, will probably lead to a better understanding of the pathophysiological mechanism of pregnancy hypertension. PMID- 6519753 TI - Determinants of vascular hemodynamic characteristics. AB - This discussion concerns some of the parameters affecting the hemodynamic characteristics of a blood vessel: impedance, flow resistance, and vascular wall stiffness. The parameters of greatest importance are the vessel internal radius (ri) and the elastic modulus of the vascular wall. When the smooth muscle cells in the vascular wall are inactive, the elastic modulus is determined by the combined elastic modulus of the structural components of the connective tissue, primarily elastin and collagen fibers. This combined elastic modulus is found to be proportional to the wall stress. From the proportionality factor and from knowledge of the vessel dimensions in the unpressurized vessel, one can predict the relation of ri to transmural pressure. When a vessel is activated under isometric conditions, the wall force and elastic modulus are increased by the force and elastic modulus of the smooth muscle cells. Under isobaric conditions, however, the effect of activation is to reduce both the ri and the elastic modulus. Pathologic changes resulting either in a stiffening of the connective tissue components, in an increased wall cross-sectional area, which encroaches on the lumen, or in an increased smooth muscle quantity will all cause increases in vascular characteristic impedance, vascular flow resistance, and vascular wall stiffness. PMID- 6519755 TI - Regression of retinal vascular changes by antihypertensive therapy. AB - The features of hypertensive retinal arterial vessel changes and their sequelae are reviewed. General or focal narrowing, increased reflexes or abnormal arteriovenous crossings, are often associated with, but not specific for, hypertension. They persist, with very rare exceptions, even after long-term successful antihypertensive therapy. Papilledema, cotton-wool spots, hemorrhages, and fatty exudates in malignant hypertension disappear completely within 6 to 12 months if blood pressure is well controlled. Inadequate control of elevated blood pressure delays, but does not prevent, the regression of retinopathy. The reversal into the "benign" phase may continue for years, even if blood pressure control worsens. This may be explained by a regain of autoregulation which allows the arteriolonecrotic lesions to heal. According to their size, retinal arteries are representative of the target organ of hypertensive small vessel disease. They supply a tissue that is highly sensitive to ischemia. However, even long-standing nonmalignant hypertension seems not to damage retinal tissue. PMID- 6519754 TI - Regression of structural cardiovascular changes by antihypertensive therapy. AB - Structural vascular changes, consisting mainly of smooth muscle cell hypertrophy of the arterioles, have been found in various hypertensive animal models as well as in hypertensive patients. Although such changes may be to some extent a primary phenomenon in primary or essential hypertension, there is ample proof that an elevation in arterial pressure over a period of time will cause hyperplasia of the media in the resistance vessels; thus, this change is secondary to the rise in pressure. Studies in various animal models have shown that such structural arteriolar changes are reversible if a long-term reduction in arterial pressure can be obtained. In hypertensive patients reversibility of such changes has been demonstrated in some vascular beds as a result of chronic antihypertensive therapy. However, no complete "normalization" has ever been shown, probably because of inadequate reduction of arterial pressure and perhaps also because long-standing hypertension induces fibrosis of the arteriolar media, which is less likely to be positively affected by a lowering of blood pressure. In humans, some vascular beds, for example, the muscle vessel bed of the calves, appear to be less suitable for the demonstration of regression of structural changes. This could be due to erect posture, which increases the transmural pressure in these vessels, since the effect of gravity is added to the intravascular pressure. Finally, it is conceivable that effects other than the reduction in arterial pressure could play a role. Thus, antihypertensive drugs with a vasodilating action appear to be more effective in reducing structural vascular changes than drugs that do not have a vasodilating effect, even if an identical degree of blood pressure reduction is obtained.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6519756 TI - Hemodynamic effects of antihypertensive drugs. Possible implications for the prevention of atherosclerosis. AB - By lowering blood pressure, a number of hypertensive complications can be prevented, including congestive heart failure and such consequences of hypertensive arteriolar disease as nephropathy, intracerebral hemorrhage, and lacunar stroke. Whether atherosclerotic complications such as myocardial infarction can be prevented is more problematic and may depend on effects of the antihypertensive drugs other than the reduction of blood pressure, such as effects on plasma lipids and possibly hemodynamic effects. The following discussion summarizes a series of studies that suggest that the hemodynamic effects of antihypertensive drugs may be an important aspect of this problem. In studies in rhesus monkeys and hypertensive patients, antihypertensive drugs were shown to have differing effects on blood velocity and heart rate, important parameters in the genesis of arterial flow disturbances. In patients with carotid stenosis, hydralazine increased, whereas propranolol reduced, the occurrence of abnormal high-velocity flow patterns associated with turbulence and vortex formation. In a hypertensive (one kidney, one-clip) cholesterol-fed rabbit model, propranolol was significantly more effective than hydralazine in preventing the occurrence of aortic atherosclerosis. These observations suggest that the cardioprotective effect of beta blockers may extend to an antiatherosclerotic effect by hemodynamic mechanisms. This hypothesis is being further tested in patients with carotid stenosis. PMID- 6519757 TI - The main end points in human hypertension. AB - Prospective data from Western populations show a fairly steady increase in the incidence of total mortality as well as of myocardial infarction (MI) and sudden coronary death (SD) with increasing blood pressure levels. In the age groups up to 70 years, stroke is much less common than MI and SD at virtually all blood pressure levels, but for older men and also for somewhat younger women, stroke is as common as MI and SD at the highest blood pressure levels. The incidence of MI and SD is strongly dependent on serum lipid abnormalities and smoking habits, whereas stroke appears to depend very little on lipid levels and in only a few studies appears related to smoking habits. Thus, the effect of blood pressure is appreciably modified by the presence of some other abnormalities that are believed to enhance coronary arteriosclerosis. There are major differences between populations with respect to the incidence of MI, SD, and stroke. MI mortality and SD have, for example, been very high in the United States, whereas stroke mortality has been low. In Japan, on the other hand, stroke mortality has been high and MI mortality and SD have been low. Sweden has occupied an intermediate position with respect to MI mortality and SD, which have been increasing slightly while they have been decreasing in the United States, whereas stroke mortality in Sweden and in the other Scandinavian countries has been very low and is even showing a slight decrease. Both prospective epidemiologic studies and intervention trials indicate some influence of blood pressure on noncardiovascular mortality, such as that from cancer. PMID- 6519758 TI - Hypertension as a vascular response to injury. AB - Both atherosclerosis and hypertension are characterized by smooth muscle proliferation. The atherosclerotic lesion is characterized by proliferation of smooth muscle in the arterial intima of large arteries. Complication of this proliferation by lipid accumulation and thrombosis leads to death. Smooth muscle proliferation in hypertensive vascular disease is characteristic of small arteries. Again, the result is increased wall mass with a narrowed lumen. The small vessel change is thought to be a cause of the increased peripheral resistance of high blood pressure. The common features in atherosclerosis and hypertension suggest that control of cell proliferation may be critical in treating both diseases. PMID- 6519759 TI - Cerebral vascular bed in hypertension and consequences for the brain. AB - The internal carotid artery of spontaneously hypertensive rats and stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats has a thicker media than that of normotensive Wistar Kyoto rats as early as 15 days of age; furthermore, the media-to-lumen ratio is increased in the larger pial arteries. Since several studies have indicated that the mean arterial pressure is slightly elevated in spontaneously hypertensive rats during the early postnatal period, these vascular alterations may to some extent be related to an increased pressure load. However, it seems likely that pressure-independent genetic factors are also involved. In adult spontaneously hypertensive rats the media-to-lumen ratio in the cerebral arteries is increased over a large spectrum of vessel sizes, including the brain basal arteries. The cortical surface arteries, measured through a closed cranial window in vivo, have a smaller inner diameter in spontaneously hypertensive rats than in Wistar Kyoto under resting conditions as well as during hypercapnic vasodilation. In the relaxed cerebrovascular bed the cerebral blood flow is lower in spontaneously hypertensive rats than in Wistar Kyoto at the same perfusion pressure, which is probably due mainly to a decreased internal radius in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Since the blood flow is proportional to the fourth power of the luminal radius, the lumen reduction of cerebral arteries in spontaneously hypertensive rats and stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats is a potential risk factor under conditions of impending ischemia such as systemic hypotension or distal to an arterial occlusion. On the other hand, the increased media-to-lumen ratio reduces the arterial wall tension, increases the capacity to autoregulate at high blood pressure levels, and protects the blood brain barrier.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6519760 TI - Structural cardiovascular adaptation and the consequences for baroreflexes. AB - Changes in arterial baroreflex control of the circulation occur in experimental and in human hypertension. Hypertension can affect the afferent, the central, and the efferent portions of the baroreflex. Structural cardiovascular adaptation due to stiffening of the vascular wall is usually thought to influence the afferent component of the baroreflex, but it can also influence the effector component. Resetting of central mechanisms of the baroreflex also occurs. Cardiopulmonary baroreflexes appear to be enhanced in young spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and in borderline hypertensive patients, probably because of reduced venous compliance that shifts blood to the cardiovascular compartments (atrium, ventricle) where the receptors are located. Progression of cardiac hypertrophy is likely to reverse this enhanced reflex activity. In hypertension the carotid sinus reflex appears to be readjusted in such a way as to protect against a further rise in blood pressure, rather than providing protection, as in normotension, against a fall in blood pressure. Thus the homeostatic functions of the reflex are maintained and readjusted to the needs of the hypertensive circulation. It is interesting to speculate that increased afferent inhibition from "volume" receptors in the cardiopulmonary area may represent a homeostatic attempt to buffer an early increase in sympathetic activity to the kidney. PMID- 6519761 TI - Pulmonary function of Indian athletes and sportsmen: comparison with American athletes. AB - Studies were conducted to evaluate pulmonary functions in Indian athletes and sportsmen associated with different athletic events and games. It was found that swimmers were having significantly higher vital capacity (VC) and forced expiratory volume (FEV1) values than all other athletic groups studied. Results have been discussed keeping in view the physiological, functional and structural demands in various events. Pulmonary function values of Indian athletes have also been compared with American athletes of standardized height for a better appraisal of athletic potentiality in our athletes. The importance of athletic training from childhood have been ascribed to be the reason for superior lung volumes and capacities in US athletes. PMID- 6519762 TI - Comparative evaluation of the vasodilator effect of verapamil, nifedipine and diltiazem on isolated perfused coronary arteries of rabbit. AB - In experiments with isolated perfused rabbit heart, nifedipine (1, 2 and 4 micrograms) produced a dose-dependent increase in coronary outflow (P less than 0.01). On the other hand effects after verapamil and diltiazem were negligible in such doses, though in high doses (10, 20 and 40 micrograms) they produced a significant (P less than 0.01) increase in coronary outflow. In experiments where noradrenaline (0.1 micrograms/ml) was added in the perfusion fluid, nifedipine (1, 2 and 4 micrograms), as well as verapamil and diltiazem (10, 20 and 40 micrograms) produced a dose-dependent, significant increase in coronary outflow (P less than 0.01). PMID- 6519763 TI - Some aspects of pharmacological profile of sodium curcuminate. AB - Rapid i.v. injection of sodium curcuminate (NaC) produced transient hypotension and bradycardia in anaesthetized dogs and cats which were not blocked by bilateral vagotomy, atropine, mepyramine or propranolol. In open-chest anaesthetized cats, decrease in blood pressure and heart rate was accompanied by simultaneous transient reductions in left ventricular systolic pressure, maximal rate of rise of left ventricular pressure and a concomitant increase in left ventricular end-diastolic pressure. It was concluded that the transient hypotensive effect of NaC is due to its myocardial depressant action. NaC exhibited negative inotropic and chronotropic effect on isolated perfused rabbit heart, an antispasmodic effect on smooth muscle of dog s intestine in vivo and of vas deferens of guinea-pig in vitro but no effect on the rectus abdominis muscle of frog or its response to cholinergic stimulation. PMID- 6519764 TI - Effect of raised portal venous pressure on blood pressure, urine output and body fluids. AB - Acute rise of portal venous pressure resulted in a fall of blood pressure and subsequent anuria which could be either due to the state of shock or may be reflex in origin. There also occurred an increase in extra-cellular fluid volume with an initial increase in both plasma volume and interstitial fluid volume. Subsequently the extra-cellular fluid volume remained at a high steady value whereas the plasma volume increased at the expense of interstitial fluid volume which decreased. It is further postulated that the rise of extra-cellular fluid volume is due to the shift of fluid from intra-cellular compartment of the extra cellular compartment, as a defence mechanism to combat the state of shock. PMID- 6519765 TI - Acetylcholine levels of rat brain and heart in starvation and protein restriction. AB - Acetylcholine (ACh) levels and protein content in brain and heart were determined in normal, acutely starved, chronically semi-starved and chronically protein restricted groups of adult male rats. The only change observed in acute starvation and chronic semi-starvation was an increase in ACh level with a decrease in protein content in the heart, no change was observed in the brain. Protein restriction, however, produced a significant rise in ACh levels with a decrease in protein content of both brain and heart. PMID- 6519766 TI - Alterations in some dehydrogenase profiles of sciatectomized toad gastrocnemius muscle-metabolic modifications by malate. AB - Sciatectomized toad gastrocnemius has shown a progressive loss in lactate (LDH), succinate (SDH) and malate (MDH) dehydrogenase activities and elevation of glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) activity during post-neurectemic days. The possible role of malate in the restoration of metabolic homeostasis in denervated muscle is discussed. PMID- 6519768 TI - Influence of vagal tone on adrenaline-induced ventricular tachycardia in rats and guinea pigs. PMID- 6519767 TI - Effect of pregnancy and lactation on gastrointestinal motility in rats. AB - Gastrointestinal motility was studied by barium meal technique in pregnant and lactating rats. Gastric emptying and intestinal transit were found to be significantly reduced during pregnancy but no appreciable change was observed during lactation. PMID- 6519769 TI - Studies on the sedative effect of barbital sodium on frogs and toads from different habitats. PMID- 6519770 TI - Effect of prednisolone on serum creatine phosphokinase. PMID- 6519772 TI - Barbiturate estimation in body fluids by Goldbaum's spectrophotometric method. PMID- 6519771 TI - Anticonvulsant activity of the mixed fatty acids of Elaeocarpus ganitrus roxb. (Rudraksh). PMID- 6519773 TI - Effects of intravenous garlic juice Allium sativum on rat electrocardiogram. PMID- 6519774 TI - Direct modification of plasma low-density lipoproteins in interstitial inflammatory fluid of the rabbit. AB - Utilizing the polyvinyl sponge-implant model in the rabbit, we have previously demonstrated modification in low-density lipoproteins (LDL) in the extravascular space in association with a cellular inflammatory response. In an attempt to isolate the source of these modifications, plasma LDL was labeled with 125I, and introduced directly into the extravascular space at the time of sponge implantation. [125I] plasma LDL recovered from interstitial inflammatory fluid (IF) at 24 h after implantation demonstrated increased electrophoretic mobility as well as heterogeneity in particle size and hydrated density. These results are in agreement with our previous observations and indicate that modification in IF LDL probably occurs after it has entered the extravascular space across the vascular wall. PMID- 6519775 TI - Inhibition of human neutrophil secondary granule discharge by antiinflammatory agents. AB - Human neutrophil cobalamin binding protein (NCBP) is located exclusively in the neutrophil secondary granules. The soluble stimuli formlymethionyl-leucyl phenylalanine and the low-molecular-weight complement fragment C5a both promote the dose-dependent release of NCBP from cytochalasin B-treated neutrophils in vitro. The extracellular discharge of NCBP induced by higher secretagogue is inhibited by prior exposure of neutrophils to the corticosteroids hydrocortisone and methylprednisolone and the nonsteroidal antiinflammatory agents indomethacin and ibuprofen. The four antiinflammatory agents function as competitive antagonists of neutrophil secondary granule discharge with a site of action at or near the cell surface. These findings support the hypothesis that antiinflammatory agents prevent neutrophil activation in vitro by inhibition of stimulus-receptor coupling. The significance of these observations with regard to the in vivo actions of these agents remains uncertain, however. PMID- 6519777 TI - Immunization strategy. PMID- 6519779 TI - Motor and mental development of normal babies. I. Selection of indicators. PMID- 6519776 TI - Modulation of phagocytosis and intracellular bactericidal activity of polymorphonuclear and mononuclear cells by cationic proteins from human granulocytes: alternative pathway of phagocytic enhancement. AB - Cationic lysosomal proteins from human polymorphonuclears (PMN) were isolated by column chromatography and divided into five fractions. On acrylamide gel electrophoresis, fraction I had four bands slower than lysozyme (LZM) mobility; fraction II had five or six bands slower than LZM; fraction III had at least seven bands slower and two bands faster than LZM; fraction IV contained LZM, two bands faster and a few faint bands slower than LZM; fraction V was composed of almost pure LZM. Partial characterization of the fractions showed presence of neutral protease in fractions I-IV, chymotrypsin in fraction III, lysozyme in fractions IV and V, and phospholipase A2 mainly in fractions II and III. Modulatory activity of fractions I-V were tested at concentrations up to 50 micrograms/ml. Enhancement of phagocytosis of Staphylococcus aureus was observed by fractions I, IV, and V, whereas phagocytic index was enhanced by all but the fraction II. Intracellular bactericidal activity (ICBA) was markedly enhanced by fractions I, II, and V. Addition of DNA or cytochalasine B inhibited or abolished phagocytosis-enhancing activity of cationic fractions. Their influence on ICBA was much less pronounced. Fraction III enhanced phagocytic index and phagocytosis of E. coli, whereas fractions I and II enhanced intracellular bactericidal activity against this bacteria. Enhancement of phagocytic activity of monocytes has also been observed. The data suggest that some cationic lysosomal fractions from human PMNs enhance phagocytosis and phagocytic index by human PMNs and monocytes and intracellular bactericidal activity of human PMNs. This alternative pathway of phagocytic enhancement is unrelated to the previously described enhancers of phagocytosis and may play a role in defense mechanisms against infection. PMID- 6519778 TI - Control of neonatal tetanus in India. PMID- 6519780 TI - The effect of hematinics on the physical work capacity in anemics. PMID- 6519781 TI - CSF/blood sugar ratio in prognosis of septic meningitis. PMID- 6519782 TI - Study of dog bite in children. PMID- 6519783 TI - Diagnostic value of BCG test in childhood tuberculosis. PMID- 6519784 TI - Gastric volvulus. PMID- 6519785 TI - Drinking water as a source of copper. PMID- 6519786 TI - Flavobacterium meningitis. PMID- 6519787 TI - Use of diphenoxylate (Lomotil) in children. PMID- 6519788 TI - Commercial oral rehydrating solutions and hypernatremia. PMID- 6519789 TI - Behavioral states in first hour of life. PMID- 6519790 TI - Blood brain barrier in meningitis. PMID- 6519791 TI - Serum C-reactive protein in acute bacterial pneumonias. PMID- 6519793 TI - Non-immune hydrops fetalis due to osteopetrosis congenita. PMID- 6519792 TI - Rural perinatal mortality. PMID- 6519794 TI - Progressive diaphyseal dysplasia (Camurati-Engelmann's disease). PMID- 6519795 TI - Congenital fusion of gums with ankylosis of temporomandibular joints. PMID- 6519796 TI - Hypogammaglobulinemia. PMID- 6519797 TI - Congenital toxoplasmosis. PMID- 6519799 TI - Humoral immunity in acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis. PMID- 6519798 TI - Hemostasis in healthy neonates. PMID- 6519800 TI - Tetanus neonatorum. PMID- 6519801 TI - Therapy in neonatal tetanus. PMID- 6519802 TI - Neonatal screening for hypothyroidism. PMID- 6519803 TI - Bacterial contamination of oral rehydration solution. PMID- 6519804 TI - Neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. Ophthalmological evaluation of term infants treated with phototherapy. PMID- 6519805 TI - Skinfold pattern in rural school boys. PMID- 6519806 TI - Antibiotic resistance of gram negative rectal flora. PMID- 6519807 TI - Acinetobacter septicemia with gangrene of toes in a neonate. PMID- 6519808 TI - Leopard syndrome. PMID- 6519809 TI - Enhancement of polymorphonuclear leukocyte function against gram-positive aerobic organisms grown in the presence of lincomycin. AB - The effect of pre-incubating Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Streptococcus pyogenes with subinhibitory concentrations of lincomycin was studied with respect to polymorphonuclear leukocyte function against these organisms. Culturing the above organisms in the presence of lincomycin (1/4 MIC) resulted in a significant enhancement of polymorphonuclear leukocyte chemotaxis, phagocytosis and bactericidal activity against these organisms. PMID- 6519810 TI - Thrombocytosis associated with acute osteomyelitis. AB - Thrombocytosis is rarely observed during infection. We are describing a patient with acute osteomyelitis and bacteremia who developed thrombocytosis. In the patient described the platelet count paralleled the activity of the infection and the response to therapy. The causes of thrombocytosis and its implications are briefly reviewed. PMID- 6519811 TI - Prevalence of diphtheria carriers in a population with disappearing clinical diphtheria. AB - Ten years ago the incidence of diphtheria was relatively high in Greece and a survey of school children had revealed a carrier prevalence of non-toxigenic Corynebacterium diphtheriae of 3,4%. A similar survey undertaken now has revealed that the disease seems to be disappearing. Among 895 school children (6-13 years old) in seven primary schools of different socioeconomic levels, only seven were carriers of non-toxigenic C. diphtheriae strains, corresponding to a prevalence of 0.8%. Toxigenic strains were not found. All carriers were pupils of the same school, and the carrier state was more frequent during the first three school years. All the carriers were found in a school serving a socioeconomically deprived area. A statistically significant association was found between the prevalence of C. diphtheriae and of other non-pathogenic Corynebacteria. PMID- 6519813 TI - Friendship patterns among older women. AB - This study examined the friendship patterns of older women. The participants in the study were white, middle-class, urban women, sixty-five years of age or older. Results indicated the older widowed women received more help from their friends than did married older women. In addition, significant differences in the morale of the older women were found according to the equity of helping behaviors with friends. Specifically, those equitably benefited women had a higher mean morale score than over benefited women. The under benefited women also had a higher mean morale score than the over benefited women. Discussion centered on the importance of friends in the lives of older women as well as on implications for friendship support systems in late life. PMID- 6519814 TI - Methodological considerations for research on late life future temporal perspective. AB - Several complications may be encountered by the investigator who wishes simply to "plug a future time perspective measure or two" into highly quantitative analyses. Difficulties in data collection appear to arise both from the complex nature of time perspective and from characteristics sometimes associated with older respondents themselves. Although an accompanying data base for empirically determining the most appropriate procedures is currently absent, it appears that an awareness of certain basic points can enhance the quality and accuracy of data collection. A number of these generic methodological considerations are discussed, and various suggestions are offered. Time perspective should not be considered a universal solution for every researchable issue in gerontology. Its strong face validity and literature to date should, however, encourage our addressing the methodological difficulties that exist. PMID- 6519812 TI - Identification and susceptibility patterns of anaerobic bacteria isolated from clinical specimens during a one-year period. AB - During the whole of 1983, all anaerobes cultured from clinical specimens were identified using both the Minitek system and gas chromatography. Antimicrobial susceptibility patterns were established using a broth microdilution test. The results show isolation rates for the individual species to be in good agreement with previous studies. Despite widespread use (even for prophylactic purposes), mezlocillin, latamoxef, cefoxitin, metronidazole and clindamycin retained their high activity against anaerobic bacteria and no clusters of resistance were observed. Augmentan also showed excellent in vitro activity. Penicillin was found to be inactive against most gram-negative anaerobic rods while tetracycline showed a rather high degree of resistance. PMID- 6519815 TI - Children and the aged: attitudes, contact, and discriminative ability. AB - Attitudes toward older versus younger persons, age discrimination performance, and seriation ability were assessed in sixty-eight three- to six-year-old children. Children's contact with people over seventy was also examined. Children preferred young people over old people in all situations in the attitudinal portion of the study. A significant relationship was found between children's ability to discriminate old people from young people and their ability to order objects from tallest to shortest. Accuracy on these two tasks improved with age. Frequency of contact was not found to significantly affect attitudes toward the elderly or ability to discriminate older from younger people. PMID- 6519816 TI - The developmental course of defense mechanisms in later life. AB - Many have proposed that in later life there is a return to the use of primitive psychological defense mechanisms, such as denial and projection. The theoretical literature is clouded by a common failure to distinguish regression of defenses from defensive failure and regression of drive. Although research directly examining the developmental course of defenses in adults is scanty, empirical studies emerging out of the fields of coping processes and personality development indirectly address the regression hypothesis. Studies measuring overt social phenomena and self-reported psychological data point to few age differences in adaptive strategies that would be suggestive of regression. Investigations measuring psychological processes through projective tests and dreams have obtained results consonant with the regression hypothesis, although replications have not always been successful. Most available studies are cross sectional and, therefore, cannot separate cohort from aging effects. Finally, the potential influence of physical illness and the changes in sociocultural status that accompany aging are discussed both as methodological confounds in current research and as factors influencing the observed developmental course of defense mechanisms in current society. PMID- 6519817 TI - Health and subjective well-being: a meta-analysis. AB - A meta-analysis was conducted of the health/subjective well-being relationship, based upon studies of United States adults published prior to 1980. Dependent variables were zero-order and first-order correlations. A total of 231 zero-order effect size estimates were extracted from 104 different sources, while a total of 189 first-order effect sizes were extracted from thirty-three different sources. The majority of effect sizes were derived from samples where the midpoint of the age range was sixty-five and over. The 95 percent confidence interval estimates, generated using Tukey's jackknife procedure, were .29 to .35 and .29 to .38 for the zero-order and first-order correlations, respectively. Using weighted regression procedures, univariate analyses indicated that all but one study and sample characteristics were significant (p less than .05) predictors of zero order and first-order correlations, though none of the predictors adequately specified variation in effect sizes. The mean value of the first-order correlations varied with the type of control variable, ranging from .42 (age) to .27 (SES composite). Health and subjective well-being were found to be positively and significantly related. Limitations of the meta-analysis were noted and suggestions were made for strengthening research on this topic. PMID- 6519818 TI - Health and subjective well-being: a replicated secondary data analysis. AB - The purposes of this article are to use replicated secondary data analysis to summarize information about the relationship between health and subjective well being and to assess the strengths and weaknesses of replicated secondary data analysis as a mode of research synthesis. The findings from thirty-seven replications in seven surveys suggest a moderate and robust relationship between self-rated health and subjective well-being. Physician-assessed health, in contrast, exhibits weaker and less robust associations with subjective well being. Further, the relationship between health and subjective well-being is conditioned by age and is stronger for measures of negative than positive affect. The principal advantages of replicated secondary data analysis, vis-a-vis other modes of research synthesis, are cost-effectiveness, increased ability to apply multivariate statistical techniques, and greater control and flexibility for the investigator. We suggest, nonetheless, that different modes of research synthesis can best be used for different purposes. PMID- 6519819 TI - Investigating health and subjective well-being: substantive challenges. AB - Both the nature of health and the nature of subjective well-being are multifaceted and are in great need of precise differentiable dimensions. The articles in this special issue perform two much-needed tasks. First, they have utilized effectively the knowledge now at hand from the work of many investigators. Second, they have pointed us in the direction in which we ought to be heading. The author sees a long series of new productive hypotheses regarding the relationships between health and subjective well-being become possible as the conceptual and measurement issues surrounding each of the two separate constructs become resolved. PMID- 6519820 TI - Investigating health and subjective well-being: methodological challenges. AB - When three different forms of research reviews all reach the same conclusion, that health and subjective well-being have a modest positive correlation, the finding is convincing. Despite the consistent findings, different methods of reviewing research have different strengths. A meta-analysis emphasizes measures of central tendency. A narrative review, in contrast, can focus upon details in deviant findings. Using these methods together provides good information when aggregating findings from many studies. PMID- 6519821 TI - The relationship between health and life satisfaction: a comparative analysis of three research synthesis techniques. Introductory comments. PMID- 6519822 TI - Research synthesis: the state of the art. AB - The state of the art in research synthesis has advanced significantly in the last decade. Much of the improvement in research reviews is attributable to the application of rigorous scientific standards to the process of research synthesis. Three principal types of research syntheses are the narrative review, the replicated secondary analysis, and the meta-analysis or quantitative research synthesis. Each methodology has its strengths and weaknesses, but all have benefited from increased attention to procedural rigor. Modern methods for quantitative research synthesis have significant advantages in that they provide specific tests for the existence and consistency of relationships across studies. PMID- 6519823 TI - Intimacy: factors affecting its development among members of a home for the aged. AB - The purpose of this research was to explore the extent and nature of intimate interaction in an unGoffmanesque home for the aged. Interviews with all elderly residents and the staff who served them revealed that the residents' intimate relationships were primarily with others outside the home and never with staff members. Moreover, the residents and, more particularly, the staff viewed the residents in negative ways and reported more negative than positive affectivity within the home. Factors impeding intimate interactions were related to the widely shared negative stereotype of the aged residents, the manner in which staff perceived their role, and the absence of mutual aid or helping behaviors among the residents. PMID- 6519824 TI - Sex differences in institutional relocation patterns of older patients. AB - This article discusses sex differences in the relocation patterns of thirty-seven alert, institutionalized patients who were personally interviewed over a ten month period prior to and following a forced relocation. Trends indicate that while males scored slightly higher levels of mental alertness, females appeared to be better suited to life in the institution. The appropriateness of institutional life for males and for individuals retired from active, demanding professions is indicated as an area for future study. Application of these and similar findings in counseling situations is also an area of concern. PMID- 6519825 TI - Fashion alienation: older adults and the mass media. AB - A self-administered questionnaire including questions related to fashion alienation, frequency of use of mass media for fashion information, and demographics was completed by 209 "50-plus" aged consumers in Northern California. Fashion alienation was measured using ten separate statements related to 1) degree of identification with fashion symbols in the media and 2) feelings of social and economic estrangement from fashion. Two of the statements produced significant regression models. In both statements, age was positively related to fashion alienation, and there was an inverse relationship between frequency of use of media for fashion information and fashion alienation. The data provide implications for a conceptual distinction between information and meaning processing with regard to fashion. PMID- 6519826 TI - Alternate generation education: a developmental curriculum for secondary schools. AB - This article addresses the development, implementation, and evaluation of a high school curriculum intervention designed to promote the psychological development of students enrolled in a course on life history interviewing. The curriculum, based on the Deliberate Psychological Education practicum-seminar model, included field interviewing of older people about their lives, plus a class seminar to teach appropriate skills, discuss pertinent issues related to aging, and integrate the field experience. Students assumed the responsible role of life history interviewer, conducting at least three hours of interviews with one older person, thus counter-acting both adolescent egocentrism and generational isolation. The curriculum was designed to foster adolescents' understanding of older people in a manner which also stimulated the younger people's psychological development. A total of fifty-one tenth, eleventh, and twelfth graders at a public high school in a large midwestern city during the fall of 1979 were the subjects for the study. The multiple quantitative and qualitative measures indicated that the curriculum had a positive effect on the experimental students' psychological development. ANOCOVA procedures revealed that attitudes toward older people were significantly more positive, pre to post, for the experimental group (p less than .001), while those of the comparison group showed no change. Implications of the study for increased emphasis on responsible role-taking by adolescents in school programs, on intergenerational programming with a lifelong developmental focus, and on further time perspective research are discussed in the article. PMID- 6519827 TI - Interaction of physio-medical and psychosocial variables in age-related functional impairments. AB - Frequency of social interaction was studied in a group of twenty-five veterans who were temporary residents on a VA Nursing Home Care Unit. Serial learning tasks with a 4 sec. and 10 sec. exposure period and simple and choice reaction time tasks were also studied. At the conclusion of testing, attitudes toward aging, life satisfaction, and physical and mental impairment were assessed. "Social Activity" was positively correlated with each of four measures of serial learning, but was uncorrelated with either choice or simple reaction time. "Social Activity" was also correlated with more positive attitudes toward aging and with increased life satisfaction. However, certain aspects of physical and mental impairment were also related to task performance and level of social activity, suggesting that the psychosocial-behavior relationships observed may be partly mediated by a third factor, that is, the health status of the participant. PMID- 6519829 TI - Marx meets passages: or life cycles in the waves of history. A review of the article "Grandparents, grandchildren, and the Kondratieff..." by Michael C Kearl and Michael P. Hermes. PMID- 6519828 TI - Grandparents, grandchildren, and the Kondratieff: thoughts on "period effects" in intergenerational analyses. AB - To what degree is the socialization of core values a function of sociohistorical processes as opposed to familial influences? Herein we consider reported value similarities between grandparents and grandchildren that exceed those of adjacent lineal generations and develop a fifty-year cycle of "period effects" to explain the congruity. Specifically, we argue that because skipped generations are socialized within similar phases of the Kondratieff Wave they bear analogous historical imprints and share common global outlooks toward life and the lifespan. PMID- 6519830 TI - Health and life-style of longevous Palauans: implications for developmental theory. AB - The health, illness, and life styles of the oldest Palauans were investigated by interview and examination in their homes. Thirty-eight citizens ranged in age from 86 to 111. Ten were 100 years or older. They were in unusually good physical and mental health. The most common physical problem is arthritis. Life style is described in terms of diet, physical activity, smoking and drinking habits, use of medical services, and living conditions. It is theorized that the characteristic physical limitations bring on a crisis of usefulness; role intention and respect may be critical developmental issues as well at this oldest age period of the human life span. PMID- 6519831 TI - Adapting to old age in rural Britain. AB - The data on which this article is based were collected to inform and guide policy for rural social service provision. Over 500 elderly persons were interviewed in their own homes using a questionnaire schedule. Over the last two decades, the availability and support of the family for the elderly has remained in debate, some writers suggesting that urbanization and industrialization have led to the weakening of family support, others claiming that the family still functions well. At the same time, the ability of the elderly to change and adapt has been questioned. In rural and less developed regions concern has been expressed that the impact of reductions in or lack of services fall hardest on the elderly. This article looks at ways in which the elderly in a remote rural area of Britain adapt to the problems of sparsity, lack of adequate public transportation, migration in and out of the region and the reality of increasing age. It shows that the elderly are capable of adaptation and have a tolerance for isolation, and that changes in residence, household composition, and methods of access are made over time. The article presents evidence of commitment on the part of others towards the elderly and creative adaptations on the part of the elderly to provide necessary support. PMID- 6519832 TI - Industrialization spawns the Elder Craftsmen Shop. AB - Research on the Wilmington Senior Center Elder Craftsmen Shop provides the background for this sociological examination of the role of the elder craftsmen shop in our society. The shop is put into historical context by discussing the development of pension plans and the evolution in the means of producing goods. It is argued that, as a social utility, the nonprofit elder craftsmen shop provides a uniquely flexible work situation. It allows for the expression of the work ethic in the framework of retirement. PMID- 6519833 TI - Social well-being of institutionalized elderly persons. AB - This article describes the development of a scale, the Social Well-Being Scale, to measure the extent to which institutionalized older persons perceive their social needs as being met. For persons over sixty-five years of age, the scale score is not affected by age or sex, but it does distinguish them by race, health, and type of living arrangement. Further, the Social Well-Being Scale predicts the level of psychological well-being. PMID- 6519834 TI - Children's attitudes toward the elderly: a cross-cultural comparison. AB - In order to test the hypothesis that children's negative attitudes toward the elderly are unique to the culture of the United States, attitudes of children toward the elderly in four diverse cultures were compared. The Semantic Differential subtest of the CATE (Children's Attitudes Toward the Elderly, 1976) was administered to samples of fourth, fifth, and sixth grade children drawn from the Native Alaskan population of the Aleutian Island (n = 29); mainland United States (n = 60); Australia (n = 39); and Ascunion, Paraguay (n = 69). T statistics were used to compare scores on the total SD for the concept OLD and YOUNG PEOPLE within each culture. Analysis of variance was used to determine differences in attitudes toward the elderly between cultures on the total score of the SD for the concepts OLD and YOUNG PEOPLE, and for analysis of individual items of the SD. The results indicate that children in the Aleutian Islands, Paraguay, and Australia rated young people more positively than they did old people, while children in mainland United States rated old and young people similarly. There were no differences between the cultures in the children's rating of the concept OLD PEOPLE, as measured by the total score of the SD, but children in the Aleutian Islands rated old people more negatively than those in the other cultures on several items of the SD. Children in Australia rated the concept YOUNG PEOPLE more positively than did children in other cultures. The conclusion is reached that negative attitudes toward the elderly are not unique to the United States, but may be more universal to the human experience. PMID- 6519835 TI - A life-span developmental cross-cultural study of divergent thinking abilities. AB - Developmental aspects of ideational fluency, flexibility, and originality were assessed across five age groups (children, adolescents, young adults, adults, middle-aged adults) comparatively in two cultures (Chinese and American). A total of 316 Chinese participants ranging in age from nine to sixty years responded in writing (Cantonese) to presentation of four groups of acoustical stimuli. Responses were scored for fluency, flexibility, and originality of thought. Comparative American data were collected in a previous study. Significant age associated differences in fluency and flexibility were obtained for Chinese respondents. A cross-cultural MANOVA yielded significant main effects for culture; American scores were uniformly higher than Chinese. Developmental trends across age groups demonstrated cross-cultural similarity in the expression of originality. PMID- 6519836 TI - Relationships between sleep and retirement-nonretirement status. AB - Two-week sleep diaries and four consecutive nights of laboratory recordings were obtained from a sample of forty (17 males, 23 females) fifty- to seventy-year-old people. Participants were drawn from the same work pool and were divided into age matched retired-employed subsamples. Twenty-nine measures of EEG sleep structure were analyzed using two-way (sex-by-employment status) ANOVA. There were no significant main effects associated with employment status. Sleep pattern measures derived from two-week diaries were analyzed using two-way ANOVA. The two significant work status main effects indicated that retirees spend more time sleeping on weekday nights than employed peers, and that employed participants had later bed times on weekend nights than retirees. The one significant interaction indicated that employed males slept for significantly less time on weekend nights than retired males. There were indications that retirement status decreased the frequency of napping, which may result from their more extended night time sleep period. PMID- 6519837 TI - The relationship between life goals at thirty and perceptions of goal attainment and life satisfaction at seventy for gifted men and women. AB - This article examines the relationship between life goals at thirty and perceptions of goal attainment, happiness, and life satisfaction at seventy for gifted men and women. Respondents were members of the Terman Study of the Gifted. Men and women differed in life goals at age thirty, with men predominantly oriented toward occupational pursuit, and women predominantly oriented toward home and family life. Results showed a significant sex difference in feelings of goal attainment at age seventy, with men reporting greater attainment. Women with occupational goals at age thirty reported lower feelings of goal attainment at age seventy than women without such goals. For men, a positive relationship was found between satisfaction and happiness at age seventy and feelings of goal attainment. For women, these relationships varied according to life goals at age thirty. The implications of these results are discussed. PMID- 6519838 TI - Age, era, and life perspective: emotional connotations of the 1920's through the 1980's to individuals in their twenties through their eighties. AB - The affective meaning of seven decades (1920's to 1980's) to seven adult age groups (twenties to eighties) was examined. Measures of Pleasure, Excitement, Arousal, and Distress were obtained for each decade from each age group. The results showed, as one might expect, that decades vary in emotional character, but, more importantly, that the emotional character of individual decades sometimes differs significantly as a function of age. Older age groups view the century as more pleasurable and less distressing than do younger age groups. These variations in the emotional image of the twentieth century are discussed as one indicator of life perspective and as a possible source of intergenerational conflict. PMID- 6519839 TI - Locus of control, depression, and anxiety in young and old adults: a comparison study. AB - Levenson's Internal, Powerful Others, and Chance scales were administered to 305 college undergraduates and 117 community-living elderly. On the basis of their highest standard score, sixty young and sixty elderly participants were then classified into High Internal, High Powerful Others, and High Chance categories. The young sample was administered the Zung Depression Scale and the debilitating anxiety scale of the Alpert-Haber Achievement Anxiety Test, while the elderly were given the Beck Depression Inventory, the Depression and Anxiety Scales of the Profile of Mood States, and rated on the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression. Contrary to previous results, the elderly sample was more external (on the Chance dimension) than the young. As predicted, there was a significant relationship linking a pattern of high internality and low belief in powerful others with low depression in the elderly, but not in the young. Applicability of these findings to placement and intervention strategies is discussed. PMID- 6519840 TI - The mid-career crisis in relation to Super's career and Erikson's adult development theory. AB - There is a need to integrate career development theory with adult development theory and a need to include females in the research. The purpose of this study was to investigate the mid-career crisis from the perspective of Erikson's and Super's theory, and to determine whether there are sex differences distinguishing mid-career changers. The sample consisted of 134 males and females who faced a mid-career crisis. They were categorized into three groups: changed, changing, and persisters representing different points on a decision-making continuum. All participants were given a structured interview, the Ego Identity Scale, the Tennessee Self Concept Scale, the Personality Research Form, and the Career Development Inventory. The results of the data analyses revealed that individuals who changed careers scored significantly higher on identity achievement and affiliation, and there was a significant positive correlation between identity achievement and self-concept. In terms of their vocational development, persisters were concerned with exploration tasks, whereas those who had changed careers described these tasks as declining in importance. In addition, five patterns of transition were identified. No sex differences emerged on the variables, indicating that career change as a pathway to identity achievement is similar for both sexes. PMID- 6519842 TI - Factors influencing parental participation in a paediatric cardiology outpatient clinic. AB - Twelve-hundred consultations at a paediatric cardiology outpatient clinic were observed and tape-recorded. A random sample of 102 consultations was selected and an analysis made of the demand for information by parents and the extent to which this was met. Statistically significant differences in numbers of questions asked were found related to stage of treatment, seriousness of condition and outcome of consultation. Most questions were asked either when definitive information was available (i.e. following cardiac catheterisation) or when active intervention was contemplated (i.e. catheterisation or surgery). Contrary to parents' accounts in subsequent home interviews, the number of questions they ask is unrelated to the length of the consultation. Similarly the presence of many medical staff at the consultation, was positively correlated with the number of parents' questions. In general there was a good fit between parental participation and those occasions where most was at stake except at the first outpatient appointment. This was regarded, at least in retrospect, as unsatisfactory by many parents irrespective of its length or content. We suggest that an additional but optional "pre-admission" outpatient appointment where the family visit the wards prior to the child's admission to hospital may help parents cope with their anxieties. PMID- 6519841 TI - Comparative efficacy of nicardipine, a new calcium antagonist, versus nifedipine in stable effort angina. AB - The relative efficacy of nicardipine and nifedipine was examined in a double blind placebo-controlled randomized crossover trial. We studied 12 patients with chronic effort angina involving reproducible angina and greater than or equal to 1.5 mm of ST-segment depression on exercise treadmill test performed before and after a 1-week control period of single-blind placebo administration. Subsequently, indistinguishably prepared nicardipine 20 mg, nifedipine 10 mg, or placebo, four times a day, was administered in a randomized double-blind crossover fashion for 3 weeks (total study period 9 weeks). Exercise treadmill test was performed at the end of each 3-week period. Both nicardipine and nifedipine significantly reduced the frequency of anginal attacks and nitroglycerin consumption. Compared with placebo both drugs caused a comparable increase of the duration of exercise, of the time to angina and to the appearance of 1.5 mm ST-segment depression (P less than 0.05 placebo versus nicardipine; P less than 0.01 placebo versus nifedipine respectively). No significant side effects were observed with either drug. We conclude that nicardipine and nifedipine produce similar hemodynamic and clinical effects in patients with stable effort angina. PMID- 6519843 TI - Signal averaged electrocardiography in infants and children with congenital heart disease. AB - Forty-four patients with congenital cardiac disease underwent surface averaged electrocardiography using a high resolution purpose built module. Twelve patients had complete transposition of the great vessels, 14 had tetralogy of Fallot, 5 had ventricular septal defects, 6 atrial septal defects, 3 atrioventricular septal defects and 4 patients had miscellaneous non-structural abnormalities. All patients with structural disorders underwent corrective or palliative surgery. The aim of the study was to examine the feasibility of the method and its usefulness in detecting His potentials and delayed potentials in the ST segment. A His potential was recorded in 30 patients (68%) with an amplitude ranging from 1.25 to 8.25 microV. Delayed potentials were recorded in only 1 patient with frequent ventricular premature beats. This technique may be useful in assessing intraventricular conduction times in patients with bundle branch block and/or axis deviation especially those who are at risk from intermittent complete AV block after surgical intervention. Detection of delayed potentials may allow better assessment of post-operative risk of ventricular arrhythmias in patients who have undergone ventricular surgery. PMID- 6519844 TI - Prognostic implications of rest and exercise radionuclide ventriculography in patients with suspected or proven coronary heart disease. AB - Rest and exercise radionuclide ventriculography were assessed for their value in predicting major cardiac events in patients with chest pain. Of 219 patients who were followed for up to 51 months, 42 had major cardiac events: 12 patients (5.5%) died, 5 (2.2%) sustained nonfatal myocardial infarction, and 25 (11.4%) had coronary arterial bypass grafting. Univariate and multivariate survival analysis revealed that exercise left ventricular ejection fraction was the best predictor for total major events and the resting ejection fraction to be the best predictor for death or nonfatal myocardial infarction. These two variables were strong predictors in the entire group of patients and in subgroups: patients with or without Q-wave infarction, patients with high probability of coronary artery disease and those with abnormal resting left ventricular function. Thus, radionuclide angiography provides important prognostic data that permits the physician to categorize patients with chest pain syndromes with respect to subsequent cardiac events. If validated, this model or a modification of it could identify patients at high risk of subsequent major cardiac events who are candidates for intensive follow up and therapy or further invasive evaluation, as well as patients at low risk of subsequent major cardiac events for whom standard follow up would be appropriate. PMID- 6519846 TI - Retrograde pulmonary arteriography. AB - We performed retrograde pulmonary arteriography by means of a pulmonary venous wedge injection in 10 patients with no demonstrable intrapericardial pulmonary arteries by "conventional" angiographic techniques. In all cases but one, the procedure demonstrated the feasibility of a further operation. No complications were observed. Retrograde pulmonary arteriography is an important additional method for determining the existence of surgically accessible pulmonary arteries when other techniques have failed. PMID- 6519845 TI - Endocarditis in patients with bioprostheses: pathology and clinical correlations. AB - We studied 13 porcine bioprostheses removed from patients with endocarditis at our institute during the last 4.5 years. All bioprostheses had been removed at reoperation and were analyzed using anatomical and histological techniques. Each bioprosthesis was found to have developed rather constant lesions which were not related to the type of bioprosthesis. The stage of infection was not related to the duration of implantation. The presence of perivalvular abscesses was an ominous finding, often being the seat of persistent endocarditis. Our good clinical results of reoperation lead us to suggest that this be performed early once valvular or prosthetic malfunction is detected. Bioprostheses are, in our experience, the best choice in the surgical treatment of prosthetic valve endocarditis. PMID- 6519847 TI - An unusual case of Holt-Oram syndrome. AB - An unusual case of Holt-Oram syndrome with arachnodactyly, high arch palate, thoracic scoliosis and hypoplasia of the left radial artery is reported. The relevant literature is discussed and the importance of vascular hypoplasia in genesis and localization of the skeletal deformities of this syndrome is stressed. PMID- 6519848 TI - Positive inotropic effect of acetylcholine in isolated human atrial fibers. AB - We studied the effects of acetylcholine on the transmembrane action potential and the contractile force of isolated human atrial fibers obtained at cardiac surgery. In 3 of 12 preparations, 10(-7)-10(-6) M acetylcholine induced a substantial increase in the contractile force following a brief initial decrease. Atropine diminished both the initial negative and the later positive inotropic effects induced by acetylcholine while propranolol abolished only the later effect. PMID- 6519849 TI - Differential effects of hepatic cirrhosis on the plasma protein binding of drugs. AB - The binding of sulfisoxazole (sulfafurazole-INN) (100 micrograms/ml), diazepam (3 micrograms/ml) and digitoxin (0.025 micrograms/ml) has been studied in plasma from normal volunteers and from patients with hepatic cirrhosis. The free fraction of sulfisoxazole and diazepam in plasma was increased in these patients (22.9 +/- 3.0% and 6.5 +/- 0.7%) vs 6.6 +/- 0.6% and 3.1 +/- 0.2% in normal subjects, respectively), but binding of digitoxin did not greatly change (13.7 +/ 3.95% vs 13.9 +/- 2.27% in the control group). The increase in the free fraction of sulfisoxazole and diazepam correlated well with decreased serum albumin levels; but a change in albumin affinity, perhaps due to increased bilirubin levels, should also to be taken in consideration to explain this decreased drug binding in hepatic cirrhosis. PMID- 6519850 TI - Kinetics of penetration and clearance of mezlocillin in the bronchopulmonary tract. AB - Mezlocillin is an expanded spectrum semisynthetic penicillin for parenteral administration, with a good activity against a wide range of pathogenic bacteria including most anaerobes. The pharmacokinetic parameters of mezlocillin were determined in serum and sputum at the first and the seventh day of treatment with 1 g/im/12 h in patients suffering from bronchopulmonary infections. In a second group of volunteer patients who had to undergo surgery for lung cancer, mezlocillin levels in pulmonary tissue and the corresponding serum levels were determined at different times after drug administration. The data obtained made it possible to obtain information on the penetration and clearance of this drug in the bronchopulmonary tract in comparison with that of the serum. The pharmacokinetic behaviour of mezlocillin ensures an efficient antibacterial action in the respiratory tract. PMID- 6519851 TI - Effect of metoprolol in carotid sinus hypersensitive patients. AB - The reflex effects induced by carotid sinus stimulation were studied in 23 subjects before and after oral administration of 200 mg metoprolol. Eight patients had sustained hypertension, eight had normal blood pressure. All patients had carotid sinus hypersensitivity (CSH). Seven normotensive subjects without carotid sinus hypersensitivity constituted the control group. Two hours after intake of metoprolol the baroreflex induced sinus node inhibition and blood pressure lowering effect proved to be greater, in all groups of subjects, than before taking the drug, however, in the group of carotid sinus hypersensitive patients with high blood pressure only the parameters relating to heart rate showed significant differences. In a comparison of the effects of the metoprolol on the parameters induced by carotid stimulation, significant increases could be seen in both CSH groups compared to the data found in the control group. The reflex induced fall in blood pressure and the time needed for the return to the prestimulating level showed a significantly greater augmentation in the normotensive, than in the hypertensive CSH patients. PMID- 6519852 TI - Clinical pharmacokinetics of nimodipine in normal and impaired renal function. AB - Twelve patients with different degrees of renal function were investigated. Six of them had moderately impaired renal function (glomerular filtration rate-GFR 20 60 ml/min) and six were preuraemic (GFR less than 20 ml/min). Patients received a single oral dose of 30 mg nimodipine on the first and eighth day, from the second to the seventh day they received 30 mg thrice daily. The results of this study were compared with the data of a similar study with six healthy volunteers (GFR greater than 90 ml/min) who also received for one week nimodipine 40 mg three times daily. In these subjects peak plasma levels of nimodipine ranged between 15.5 and 106.7 micrograms/1 on first treatment day and did not differ significantly from those on the 7th day of therapy ranging between 17.0 and 80 micrograms/1. Mean terminal elimination half-life of nimodipine was 2.77 +/- 0.46 h in normal renal function, but was 22.23 +/- 6.94 h in patients with impaired renal function (12 patients with GFR less than 60 ml/min). The mean area under the plasma level time curve (AUC) with 541.5 +/- 16.93 ng ml-1 h increased in patients with renal insufficiency compared to those with normal renal function (74.65 +/- 9.44 ng ml-1 h). Dosage adjustment of nimodipine appears to be necessary in renal failure. PMID- 6519854 TI - The self in groups. PMID- 6519853 TI - Clinical pharmacology of hypertension: amelioration of left ventricular performance by treatment with labetalol. AB - Treatment of 23 hypertensive patients with labetalol at 200 mg twice daily for 3 months resulted in a 15-17% reduction in diastolic and systolic blood pressure, a significant amelioration in the PEP/LVET ratio expressing the haemodynamic performance of the left ventricle, and a significant reduction in its hypertrophy as expressed by the Romhilt-Estes index. PMID- 6519856 TI - The leader's role in dealing with aggression in groups. PMID- 6519855 TI - Protection through love: group psychotherapy and the benign superego. PMID- 6519857 TI - Short-term group psychotherapy for children: an overview. PMID- 6519858 TI - The effects of time-limited group psychotherapy: a controlled study. PMID- 6519859 TI - Time-limited group therapy for women with a history of incest. PMID- 6519860 TI - The impact of the death of a group member in a group of breast cancer patients. PMID- 6519861 TI - Empathy and death expressions in a therapy group of parents of Israeli soldiers. PMID- 6519863 TI - Techniques for increasing effectiveness of co-therapy functioning in adolescent psychotherapy groups. PMID- 6519862 TI - Group psychotherapy of four anorexia nervosa inpatients. PMID- 6519864 TI - Mentally disordered firesetters: psychodynamic versus empirical approaches. PMID- 6519865 TI - Violent and aggressive behavior by criminal psychopaths. PMID- 6519866 TI - The mythology of legal decision making. PMID- 6519867 TI - A behavioral view of rape. PMID- 6519868 TI - Aggression against pedophiles. PMID- 6519869 TI - Complications, consent, and cognitions in sex between children and adults. PMID- 6519870 TI - Hair loss and lithium. PMID- 6519871 TI - On the classification of acanthosis nigricans. PMID- 6519872 TI - Woringer-Kolopp disease. A form of mycosis fungoides. AB - Woringer-Kolopp disease usually manifests as a solitary cutaneous patch or several patches confined to a single body region. While most cases have a good prognosis, there have been rare reports of cases with an aggressive course and a fatal outcome. The authors present two women who are alive with this condition, which, they believe is a variant of mycosis fungoides. PMID- 6519874 TI - Therapeutic effect of dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) on verruca plana and verruca vulgaris. AB - Fifty-nine patients with verrucae (45 with verrucae plana and 14 with verrucae vulgaris) were treated with dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) as a topical application on the normal uninvolved skin of the shoulder for sensitization and challenge. The patients were sensitized with 0.5 ml of 0.4% DNCB solution and then challenged with 0.1% DNCB ointment twice a week. Six cases of verrucae plana and 1 case of verrucae vulgaris were completely cured by sensitization only and 32 cases of verrucae plana and 7 cases of verrucae vulgaris were completely resolved by repeated challenges. The therapeutic effect was better in verrucae plana (84.4%) than in verrucae vulgaris (57.1%), and the verrucae were completely resolved within 10 weeks in more than 90% of the patients cured by challenge. The side effects of DNCB were mild allergic contact dermatitis and slight transitory hyperpigmentation at the site of application. PMID- 6519873 TI - Pediatric skin disease in Pakistan. A study of three Punjab villages. AB - The population of children younger than 5 years old in three widely distributed villages in Punjab, Pakistan, was examined for skin disease in November 1980. Approximately 29% of the children had infectious skin disease, with pyoderma the predominant diagnostic category. There were significant differences in pyoderma prevalence rates between villages, with the suppressive effect of malathion spraying for malaria control on the insect population representing the most likely explanation for the observed differences. These data again emphasize the amount of skin disease, particularly in children, in rural areas of the lesser developed countries, and the desirability of focusing attention on the dermatologic needs of this vast sector of the world's population. PMID- 6519875 TI - Do workers in the manufacturing industry run an increased risk of getting scleroderma? PMID- 6519876 TI - Oral cancer in the Third World: time for preventive intervention? PMID- 6519877 TI - A case-control study on liver cancer with special emphasis on the possible aetiological role of schistosomiasis. AB - In order to elucidate the relationship between liver cancer and suspected aetiological factors, a case-control study was carried out at seven hospitals in Yamanashi prefecture, where the mortality rate of the disease was significantly higher than the corresponding national figure. This prefecture was also recognised as one of the endemic areas for Schistosoma japonicum in Japan. Sixty two cases of liver cancer, and the same number of controls were selected during the two-year study period. A skin test for Schistosoma japonicum, serum tests for HB virus and a questionnaire study were carried out. The results of matched pair analysis revealed that liver cancer was significantly highly correlated with three factors, that is, HBs antigen (HBsAg), history of schistosomiasis, and daily intake of alcohol, and that their odds ratios were 10.0, 9.5 and 3.2 respectively. The values of percentage population attributable risk for these three factors were estimated to be 21.3%, 71.8% and 39.8% respectively. The above findings suggest that HBsAg and history of schistosomiasis are both important risk factors for liver cancer and that schistosomiasis may be much more important than HB virus in the area. The analysis of combinations of these three factors suggest that each factor might be related to liver cancer multiplicatively rather than additively. PMID- 6519879 TI - Caffeine consumption and serum cholesterol levels. AB - Caffeine consumption was significantly associated with serum cholesterol levels in women but not in men in a cross-sectional study of 4757 Australians. Use of caffeinated coffee by men, but not total caffeine consumption rate, was significantly associated with raised serum cholesterol. Potential confounding factors including age, adiposity and occupation were controlled for in this analysis. After adjusting for age and adiposity, the mean serum cholesterol level was 11 mg/dl higher for women consuming 200 mg or more of caffeine per day compared with those consuming less. The relative risk of high serum cholesterol (greater than 260 mg/dl) was greater than 2 for women consuming 200 mg or more of caffeine per day. A significant positive interaction between smoking and caffeine consumption in their association with serum cholesterol levels was found for females. PMID- 6519878 TI - Serum lipoprotein concentrations in relation to ethnic composition and urbanization in men and women of Trinidad, West Indies. AB - A total population survey of serum lipoprotein concentrations was undertaken in an urban community in Port-of-Spain, Trinidad, and the results compared with rural survey on the same island and a study of healthy adults in Bristol, England. Lipoproteins were separated with identical techniques and lipid determinations made in a common laboratory. In Trinidad, response rates for men and women were 93 and 88% respectively in the urban survey, and 89% in the smaller rural study. Mean concentration of HDL cholesterol was significantly lower and LDL cholesterol significantly higher in urban men than rural men. No urban-rural differences were found in women. In urban men under 55 years, HDL and LDL cholesterol concentrations were similar in Port-of-Spain and Bristol while VLDL triglyceride was relatively high in Trinidad. Distinct ethnic differences in lipoprotein concentrations were found in Trinidad. Indian men and women tended to have a low HDL cholesterol relative to other ethnic groups, while African men and women were characterized by relatively low concentrations of LDL cholesterol and VLDL triglyceride. The reduction in HDL cholesterol of Indian men appeared to be due mainly to a relatively low HDL3 concentration. The results are consistent with reported regional, sex and ethnic differences in CHD incidence in Trinidad, and accord with statistics which show cardiovascular disease to have emerged as the major cause of death in this community. PMID- 6519880 TI - HDL serum cholesterol and 24-year mortality of men in Finland. AB - Examinations of 'healthy' men in Helsinki and in rural west and east Finland in 1956 included estimation of total cholesterol and that in the HDL and beta fractions separated by electrophoresis. Vital status to the end of 1980 has been ascertained for all but eight of the 526 men aged 35-61 and for all but two of 261 men aged 30-34 at entry. Among the men aged 35-61, in 24 years 155 died, 63 from coronary heart disease; among the men aged 30-34, 36 died, 16 from coronary heart disease. All causes and coronary death rates were highest in east Finland where HDL cholesterol was also highest. Coronary death rates were not related to HDL cholesterol in east or west Finland but 16 men dead from coronary heart disease in Helsinki tended to have low HDL values. Consideration of five other entry characteristics did not change the picture with regard to HDL-mortality relationships. Solution of the multiple logistic equation using all those variables found the probability of 24-year coronary death was not significantly related to HDL but was significantly related, positively, to the non-HDL cholesterol concentration. HDL and total cholesterol mean values for men of the same age in the same area of Finland, with lipoprotein separation by the new recommended methods, agree closely with the means recorded in 1956. These 24-year findings are not necessarily in conflict with reports in the literature on an inverse relationship between coronary heart disease incidence and HDL cholesterol based on much shorter periods of follow-up and few data on mortality. PMID- 6519881 TI - Measured differences between fourth and fifth phase diastolic blood pressures in 4885 adults: implications for blood pressure surveys. AB - To examine in detail the relationship between fourth (D4) and fifth (D5) phase diastolic blood pressures, we used data from risk factor surveys of 4885 adults. Observers were carefully trained using audio tapes and double-stethoscope exams to record the onset of the first, fourth (muffling), and fifth (disappearance) phases of Korotkoff sounds with random-zero sphygmomanometers. The expected size of the difference between D4 and D5 pressures (D4-D5) was not discussed with observers. D4-D5 was greater (mean +/- SEM) in men (2.4 +/- 0.1 mmHg) than in women (1.9 +/- 0.1 mmHg), but two thirds of D4-D5s were not measurable, that is, 0 mmHg. Larger D4-D5s were associated with higher systolic and D4 levels, lower D5 levels, and younger ages. D4-D5 varied markedly among observers. Approximately 58% of D4-D5s exceeding 10 mmHg occurred among six observers who measured 16% of the blood pressures. However, generally the difference between D4 and D5 measured by our observers and methods was smaller than commonly believed. The possible reasons for this are discussed. We recommend that epidemiological studies measure and report both diastolic readings (D4 and D5) so that their interrelationship may be studied further in other populations. PMID- 6519882 TI - Regional variation in alcoholism rates in Britain: the effect of provision and use of services. AB - The range of variation in Scottish and English psychiatric admission rates for alcoholism is represented by the Highlands, Tayside and Kent. When other medical and psychiatric services, notably psychiatric extramural services, are taken into account, the considerable variation almost disappears. With the background of recently reported similar average alcohol consumption in England and Scotland, these results are discussed with respect to variations in geography, admission policy and provision of services. PMID- 6519883 TI - The Pima infant feeding study: breastfeeding and respiratory infections during the first year of life. AB - Initial episodes of upper respiratory infection, otitis media, and pneumonia identified from medical records in the first year of life were analysed in relation to feeding practices (ascertained by maternal interview in 1978) among 571 infants born 1960-1977 on the Gila River Reservation. The odds ratio of developing a first episode of upper respiratory infection or otitis media during the first year was less than unity for infants exclusively breastfed for four months compared to exclusively bottlefed infants after logistic regression adjustment for seasonality, birthweight, and adverse social conditions (OR = 0.64). This benefit was evident during the first four months of life (OR = 0.61) and during the second four months (OR = 0.48). However, a significant benefit of early exclusive breastfeeding was no longer demonstrable during months 9-12. Exclusive breastfeeding for four months marginally reduced risk of pneumonia after adjustment for covariates. The data suggest that breastfeeding of infants in early life is associated with reduced risk of respiratory infection. PMID- 6519884 TI - Passive smoking and height growth of preadolescent children. AB - The attained height and height growth rate of 9273 children participating in a longitudinal study of the health effects of air pollutants were analysed to assess the association between passive exposure to cigarette smoke and physical growth between 6 and 11 years of age. Children were measured annually for 2 to 6 years. Each height measurement was adjusted for sex and age by the NCHS anthropometric standards. Each child's adjusted heights were then re-expressed as level of attained height and growth rate. Attained height exhibited a dose response relationship with amount of current maternal cigarette smoking (p less than 0.001). Children whose mothers smoked ten or more cigarettes daily were approximately 0.65 cm shorter than children of non-smokers, while children whose mothers smoked between 1 and 9 cigarettes per day were 0.45 cm shorter. However, passive smoking was not correlated with the child's growth rate. Exposure to paternal smoking was not significantly associated with height, either in terms of attained level or growth rate. These results indicate that passive smoking in the 6- to 11-year-old child does not continue to affect the growth rate of height and that the observed association between attained height and maternal smoking behaviour is due to exposures in utero and/or during infancy and the preschool years. PMID- 6519885 TI - A multivariate analysis of the risk indicators of reduction limb defects. AB - In order to evaluate associations of various selected risk indicators with reduction limb defects, data on 453 cases of reduction limb defects and their time-area matched pair controls from the Finnish Registry of Congenital Malformations was studied. A multivariate analysis of the earlier reported associations was performed. This analysis showed that the following risk indicators were associated with the defects: high birth order, threatened abortion, low placental weight, low birth weight, previous malformations in the family, influenza during early pregnancy, other infectious diseases, and mother's alcohol consumption during pregnancy. PMID- 6519886 TI - Low birthweight of live singletons in Singapore, 1967-1974. AB - A random sample of 23 591 single livebirths was drawn from the Singapore Registry for 1967-1974, and information extracted from the birth certificates. The proportion of low birthweight infants (2500 g or less) fell markedly from 9.1% in 1967 to 5.7% in 1974, which has not been the finding in other studies. Variation in the proportions of low birthweight infants by sex, maternal age, parity, and social class, are broadly in agreement with other studies. Indians were found to have significantly smaller babies (mean weight of 3020 g) with a higher proportion of low birthweight ones (11.5%) than the Malays (3080 g and 8.1%) and the Chinese (3130 g and 6.1%). This is despite similar distributions of gestational age, and for term babies the differences in low birthweight proportions are highly significant with Chinese 5.0%, Malays 6.5%, and Indians 9.8%. The reasons for this are discussed with the implication that lower birthweights in Indians are to some extent of ethnic/genetic origin. PMID- 6519887 TI - Suicide and self-poisoning in three countries--a study from Ireland, England and Wales, and Denmark. AB - Because it has been suggested that both the frequency of deliberate self poisoning and the characteristics of those who self-poison differ between Ireland, and England and Wales on the one hand and Denmark on the other we have examined self-poisoning rates and suicide rates in these three countries. Higher self-poisoning rates were found for England and Wales than for the other two countries below age 35. After this age self-poisoning rates decline in both England and Ireland but female rates continue to rise in Denmark up to age 45. Danish suicide rates are conspicuously higher than those of both England and Wales, and Ireland. Because combined death rates for suicide, undetermined and accidental deaths diminish but do not remove the differences between countries it is suggested that the Danish suicide death rate reflects a genuinely higher rate of suicide in that country. PMID- 6519888 TI - Estimated prevalence of glaucomatous blindness in the Negev region of Israel. AB - An estimate of the prevalence of glaucomatous blindness in the Negev region of Israel was obtained by pooling two sources of available data: a state-run regional registry of blind people and the records of the glaucoma clinic of the Soroka Medical Centre, Beer Sheva. The denominator was the total population insured with the Kupat Holim (Sick Fund) of the Histadrut (General Federation of Labour). Glaucoma was the cause of blindness in only 10% of registered cases. Ninety-five individuals fulfilling the blindness criteria (3/60 or less, or a reduction of the visual field to 20 degrees or less in the better eye) were identified from both sources: this represents a total population prevalence of 39 per 100 000 population and 153 per 100 000 for those aged 41 and over. Glaucomatous blindness was more frequent in males than females, but the risk appeared to increase exponentially with age in both sexes. These data provide a previously lacking quantitative estimate of the prevalence of glaucomatous blindness in the Negev region. PMID- 6519889 TI - Dental caries in the adult population in Finland: I. Prevalence of dental caries. AB - The aim of this study was to describe the prevalence of untreated dental caries in the adult population aged 30 years and over in Finland according to sex, age, region of living, and socioeconomic status. The level of untreated caries per subject also was studied and population estimates were made for prevalence and level of untreated caries. The representative sample used in this study included 5028 dentate subjects. Data were collected using interviews and clinical examination. The prevalence of untreated caries was 55% in women, and the figure for men was 67%. In eastern Finland the figures for women and men differed significantly. The mean number of decayed teeth was 2.5 per person. Men had more decayed teeth per person than women did. The number decreased significantly with increasing socioeconomic status. The data presented in the study provide a reliable picture of the occurrence of untreated dental caries in Finnish adults and form the basis for further analyses. PMID- 6519890 TI - The epidemiology of chlamydial infections in childhood: a serological investigation. AB - Blood samples from 382 children between the ages of one and 15 years were tested for anti-chlamydial antibody. A low prevalence of antibody against Chlamydia trachomatis was found among children under the age of seven years. Antibody against the Chlamydial agent C IOL-207 was rare before the age of five years, but was found with increasing prevalence in older children. It is suggested that the mode of transmission of the two agents is different and that C IOL-207 may be transmitted at school. PMID- 6519891 TI - Simulation studies of influenza epidemics: assessment of parameter estimation and sensitivity. AB - The influenza simulation model of Elveback et al is used to evaluate the accuracy of the maximum likelihood procedure of Longini et al for estimating the secondary attack rate in households. The sample population from the Tecumseh Respiratory Illness Study is mapped into the simulation model and simulations are carried out over a range of parameter values and conditions, some of which were derived from influenza seasons in Tecumseh and from the Seattle Flu Study for the years 1975 1980. The estimation procedure is found to be quite robust for parameter values preset within appropriate limits for influenza. However, a significant difference is found between the preset and estimated household contact parameter for epidemics of medium and high intensity when the preset value is zero. Incremental increases in the household contact parameter are shown to produce marked increases in the overall infection attack rate demonstrating that household spread is an important link in maintaining infection in other mixing groups such as schools, preschool groups and neighbourhood clusters of households. PMID- 6519892 TI - The epidemiology of varicella in staff and students of a hospital in the tropics. AB - A five-year retrospective survey of the epidemiology of varicella in staff and students at our hospital revealed a high incidence of 0.72 cases per 100 per year. The incidence was highest among 17-24 year-olds, especially among student nurses (3.22 cases per 100 per year). Most cases of varicella occurred in the cooler and more humid months of the year. Among 102 candidate student nurses aged 17-20 years, only 29.7% had complement-fixing antibodies to varicella-zoster virus. Thus our hospital personnel are at high risk of contracting and transmitting nosocomial varicella. These results corroborate existing evidence that the epidemiology of varicella in the tropics is different from that in temperate regions. PMID- 6519893 TI - Measuring children's diets: evaluation of dietary assessment techniques in infancy and childhood. AB - Epidemiological studies of dietary habits in infancy and childhood face a number of difficulties, which are more or less specific for these ages. In connection with studies on dietary habits of Swedish infants and children an evaluation of different dietary assessment techniques was performed. Breastfeeding data obtained in retrospective interviews at six months had good validity. The reliability of breastfeeding and weaning data decreased over time. Short questions on food frequencies, often used in research and clinical practice, were shown to be a poor screening instrument and suffered from biases when used in groups of four- and eight-year-old children. Group mean estimations of dietary intake of four- and eight-year-old children obtained by 24-hour recalls were close to those of seven-day records from the same individuals. Dietary intake in a 13-year-old group according to 24-hour recall and dietary history differed significantly; the dietary history gave much higher estimations. The reliability of dietary history in a small group of 13-year-old boarding school children was fairly good. The internal validity of food recording was examined by use of chemical analysis of duplicate portions. Generally, there was good agreement between the records and the analysed duplicates. The intake of a number of nutrients varied during the week, often showing a maximum towards the weekend. The intake of vitamin C was higher in winter time, otherwise no seasonal variation was found. The intra-individual variation in dietary intake is illustrated and its consequences for dietary studies are discussed. PMID- 6519895 TI - Methodological issues in case-control studies IV: Validity and efficiency of various analysis strategies for continuous variables using the unconditional logistic regression model. AB - Computer simulation has been used to evaluate the performance of the unconditional logistic regression model when used to analyse continuous data from case-control studies. The size of the bias in the odds ratio estimate introduced by small sample sizes and by the use of the incorrect analysis model has been estimated for various underlying population conditions, together with the power as a measure of efficiency. It is concluded that the model is robust over a wide range of exposures to the risk factor, in the sense that both small sample sizes and use of the incorrect model introduced relatively small biases. The power of the test is again little altered by use of the incorrect analysis model. PMID- 6519894 TI - The impact of competing risks on relative risks in occupational cohort studies. AB - This paper develops a method for adjustment of competing causes of death in the calculation of relative risk. It has identified three factors determining the significance of competing risks: (1) the magnitude of the overall mortality risk of the study population; (2) differential risk (or the adjustment factor) for mortality other than cause of interest between two populations; and (3) age intervals used in the mortality calculation. Thus, the impact of competing risks is increased if the study cohort has a high mortality risk, if the mortality other than the cause of interest has a large differential risk or if the mortality calculation uses wide age intervals. Two examples from a refinery cohort and the US national population show that among certain age groups unadjusted for competing risks the relative risk is overestimated by 9%. The impact of competing risks in these two particular examples is relatively small. Furthermore, if relative risk is expressed in terms of the ratio of mortality rates, competing risks can be ignored. PMID- 6519896 TI - Evaluation of a new course to teach the principles and clinical applications of epidemiology to medical students. AB - A new short course to teach clinical medical students the principles of epidemiology and their applications to clinical practice was introduced at St. Thomas's Hospital Medical School. During the first year one half of the students took the new course. All the students also received the previous epidemiological teaching which was performed on the wards in the context of individual patients with a particular disease. In the next year all students were given only the new course. One year after attending these courses, students completed a questionnaire designed to test how well the course objectives had been met. A comparison was made between those who had received the new course and those who had received only ward round teaching. Students exposed to both the ward rounds and the course were more satisfied with the latter and had a greater appreciation of the importance of epidemiology to clinical practice than students receiving only ward rounds. This improvement was maintained in the subsequent year when the ward rounds were dropped. Students who had the new course also performed relatively better than the others in the Community Medicine multiple choice questions in the Medicine Finals examination, and the marks improved in the subsequent year. This evaluation was also useful in identifying those aspects of the course that need further development. PMID- 6519897 TI - Epidemiology for medical students: a course relevant to clinical practice. AB - A new course was designed to make epidemiology clinically relevant to medical undergraduates. The objectives were that students should (1) know the epidemiology of common diseases, (2) understand epidemiological concepts useful in diagnosis and treatment, and (3) be able to critically assess published medical evidence. Results of a written examination showed that objectives 1 and 2 had been 'easily' achieved by 80% and 68% of students respectively. Student opinion of the course, assessed by an anonymous questionnaire, showed that the majority of students considered the course to be an important part of medical education. Before the course 19% felt 'reasonably able' or 'very able' to achieve nine specific objectives related to epidemiological concepts in diagnosis and treatment. By the end of the course this had risen to 78%. PMID- 6519898 TI - Inappropriate terminology. PMID- 6519899 TI - Blood pressure change and risk of heart disease: a different view. PMID- 6519900 TI - Water supply and sanitation: effect on diarrhoeal diseases. PMID- 6519901 TI - Family resemblances in height and relative weight in the Framingham Heart Study. AB - The correlations of both height and relative weight (the Quetelet Index: wt/ht2) were studied amongst adult relatives in the Framingham Heart Study. The parental generation was first examined starting in 1949 when they were aged 30-62 years. The offspring (and their spouses) were examined beginning in 1971 when they were aged 20-49 years. Thus, it was possible to compare adult levels of body size in two generations. For height there are correlations between relatives that suggest large genetic variation for adult body height. For relative weight as measured by Quetelet's Index, the associations between relatives show a pattern that is more difficult to interpret and gives little support for sizable contributions of genetic differences to the population variation in relative weight. Although there is little evidence for large genetic variation for obesity, there is marked resemblance for obesity among first-degree relatives. This fact may be used to advance the family-based approach to screening, identification and intervention on the cardiovascular complications of obesity. PMID- 6519902 TI - An assessment of ciclazindol in stimulating thermo-genesis in human volunteers: a detailed metabolic study. AB - Seven normal-weight young men lived for seven weeks in a metabolic unit on a diet (12 per cent protein, 30 per cent fat) equivalent in energy content to that calculated from a previous seven-day weighted intake. Three different doses of ciclazindol and a placebo were given for a week each on a Latin Square double blind cross-over basis. At the end of each experimental week the subject occupied a whole-body indirect calorimeter at 26 degrees C for 36 h. Heart rate was monitored and a strict time-table of activity defined. Appetite and mood were assessed throughout the study period. Faecal and urinary energy excretion were used to define metabolisable energy intake. Multiple regression analysis showed a small but dose-dependent increase in energy output with the drug. This effect was present during the daytime when the subject was active and fed but not at night when he was lying still in bed. Heart rate rose significantly in both the day and night, and sleep was shortened. Appetite was suppressed; however, all but one subject maintained the diet. In conclusion, ciclazindol in man affects appetite, has a general arousal and a small thermogenic effect. PMID- 6519904 TI - Maintenance of successful weight loss: incidence and prediction. AB - A sample of 47 formerly overweight persons was tracked by mailed questionnaire for one year. They had been 32.7 percent mean overweight; 60 percent lost weight independently and 40 percent with para-professional groups. Ninety-four percent remained below the criterion of 15 percent overweight; 58 percent succeeding in limiting regain to less than 20 percent of the amount lost. Total score on eight questionnaire items correctly predicted 95 percent of the relapses and 79 percent of those maintaining (83 percent overall correct). Statistical estimates indicated that these percentages were reliable. Two of the eight items with special relevance for intervention showed the maintainers more likely to exercise several times per week and less likely to eat for emotional reasons. PMID- 6519903 TI - Oral L-carnitine administration after jejunoileal by-pass surgery. AB - Jejunoileal bypass surgery was performed on 14 morbidly obese women. Seven were treated with 3/g/day oral L-carnitine for ten days before surgery and for another ten days at six weeks following surgery. The other seven were not treated with carnitine. Carnitine administration was found to be without effect on plasma lipids, free fatty acids and ketones and on all other tested indicators. However, plasma levels of carnitine and the rate of urinary elimination of carnitine both after treatment and after an acute oral load were increased before and after surgery, indicating that carnitine was well absorbed by the shortened gut. Rate of elimination of short chain carnitine esters via the urine was also elevated after treatment. Surgery resulted in a marked decrease of plasma lipids but in no change in apolipoprotein A and B concentrations. PMID- 6519905 TI - Alterations in skeletal muscle proteins in obese and nonobese rats. AB - Skeletal muscle proteins (myofibrillar, sarcoplasmic, and stromal) were assayed in the gastrocnemius muscles from Zucker obese rats (fa/fa) at 3, 8, and 52 weeks of age. Total muscle weights were similar in obese and nonobese rats at 3 weeks, but reduced in the obese rats by 8 weeks of age. When the muscle proteins were expressed per 100 mg of muscle, the obese rats had lower concentrations of all three muscle proteins, with a greater loss of sarcoplasmic proteins than the nonobese rats at 8 and 52 weeks of age. By 8 weeks of age total muscle proteins were also reduced in obese compared with nonobese rats. With increasing age, the amount of total proteins continued to rise in both obese and nonobese rats with concomitant increases in myofibrillar, sarcoplasmic, and stromal proteins. The increase in muscle proteins was greater between 3 and 8 weeks than between 8 and 52 weeks of age. It is suggested that the inactivity of the obese rat may contribute to the reduction in muscle proteins observed during their early development. PMID- 6519906 TI - Correlates of weight loss in treatment and at follow-up. AB - Results showed that a Navy-sponsored weight-reduction program was relatively successful in helping participants lose weight during treatment and throughout a one-year follow-up. Of the 531 women and 155 men who reported a mean weight loss of 22 lb and 28 lb, respectively, 32 per cent of the women and 29 per cent of the men responded that no weight had been gained during treatment and follow-up. Regression analyses identified predictors of weight loss to be a self-reported improvement in health status, a history of few dieting attempts, and adult onset of obesity. Correlates of weight-loss maintenance included a change in eating behavior, a self-reported improvement in health status and feelings toward dieting, adult onset of obesity, and physical exercise participation. Such results pointed up the importance of developing an intervention program that incorporates an exercise regimen and the adoption of a long-term nutritionally sound eating program. PMID- 6519907 TI - Lipids and lipoproteins in obese adolescents during a hypocaloric diet. PMID- 6519908 TI - Introduction to the Workshop on Methods for Characterizing Human Obesity. PMID- 6519909 TI - Workshop on methods for characterizing human obesities. Purposes and types of classifications. AB - The data base describing human obesities has expanded rapidly in the recent past, and the heterogeneity of this set of conditions is becoming clearer. Nevertheless, our lack of adequate understanding both of etiology and of functional consequences inhibits our ability to devise classifications which are therapeutically useful. A first step is the delineation of criteria for detailed characterization of obesity. In devising such criteria, it will be useful to bear in mind the purposes of classification schemes (etiologic, functional, therapeutic, prognostic) and the extent to which our existing understanding and conceptual categories (both scientific and cultural) direct our thinking. PMID- 6519910 TI - Energy intake: uses and misuses. PMID- 6519911 TI - The role of genetic analyses in characterizing obesity. AB - To understand how genetic and environmental factors could interact to lead to different types of obesity, a simple hypothetical model is examined involving two genes and one environmental factor. Separate and interactive effects are illustrated. The confounded expression of distant phenotypes and advantages of studying phenotypes close to immediate gene products are explained. The appearance of population frequency distribution curves for level of obesity are illustrated for five different situations simulating actual data behaving according to the hypothetical model. Six suggestions are given as a practical approach to characterizing morbid obesity: (1) describe the frequency distribution of morbid obesity by age and sex in the general population; (2) obtain accurate family history data from obese probands, spouses, and controls; (3) contrast results of metabolic studies between obese probands with and without a family history of obesity; (4) obtain metabolic screening data from close relatives of selected obese probands and controls; (5) study special settings (twins, adoption, migration, race); (6) when justified, perform extensive pedigree studies using metabolic evaluations, linkage markers, and carefully prepared computer model testing. Careful collection of family history data is explained in detail and is proposed as an important and relatively inexpensive tool that should be part of any study of human obesity. PMID- 6519912 TI - New techniques: multidimensional analyses of taste responsiveness. PMID- 6519913 TI - Conformational study of glycopeptides. Asn-containing peptides and their glycosylated derivatives. AB - The conformational feature has been studied by n.m.r. spectroscopy on the compounds, Boc-Asn-NHMe, Boc-Asn-Gly-NHMe, Boc-Gly-Asn-NHMe, and their glycosylated derivatives. From the temperature dependence of the amide proton chemical shifts and vicinal coupling constants, little change was confirmed in the peptide conformation upon N-glycosylation. There is no particular intramolecular interaction between the peptide and carbohydrate moieties. Boc-Asn Gly-NHMe takes, to some extent, a folded structure with a hydrogen bond involving the amide proton of N-methylamide group. This backbone conformation is also preferable in the corresponding glycopeptide. PMID- 6519914 TI - Structure and conformation of linear peptides. III. Structure of glycyl-glycyl-L valine. AB - The tripeptide, glycyl-glycyl-L-valine, crystallizes as a dihydrate in the monoclinic space group P2(1), with a = 5.786(1), b = 7.954(2), c = 14.420(3)A, beta = 93.85(2) degrees, Z = 2. The structure was solved by direct methods and refined to an R-value of 0.040 for 876 observed reflections. The molecule exists as a zwitterion in the crystal. The peptide planes show significant deviations from planarity. The chain conformation resembles a reverse turn if the orientation of the carboxyl group is also taken into account. An intramolecular water bridge links the amino and carboxyl ends of the molecule. The crystal packing involves spatial segregation of polar and nonpolar moieties. PMID- 6519915 TI - Conformational influences of N2-methylation in chemotactic peptides. AB - Physical and structural data on two of a series of related N-formyl methionine peptides are reported. The effects of peptide bond N-methylation on chemotactic response and on conformational properties observed in solution, in the solid state and by conformational energy calculations are described. PMID- 6519916 TI - Conformation and hydrogen bonding of N-formylmethionyl peptides. Parallel beta sheet in the crystal structure of N-formyl-L-methionyl-L-valine. AB - Crystals of N-formyl-L-methionyl-L-valine (C11H20N2O)4S, M.W. = 276.3) are orthorhombic, space group )2(1)2(1)2(1) with cell constants at 294K of a = 4.851 (1), b = 14.925 (1), c = 19.745 (3) A, V = 1429.8 (1) A3, Z = 4 and observed (Dm) and calculated (Dx) of 1.49 and 1.488 g x cm-3, respectively. The crystal structure was solved using automatic diffractometer data (1260 reflections larger than or equal to 3 sigma) and refined to a final R-value of 0.035. This structure contains a short (2.626 (3) A) intermolecular hydrogen bond between the carboxyl OH and the N-acyl oxygen, a feature common to most N-acylamino acids and N acylpeptides. The peptide is nearly planar (omega = 174.6 (5)); the values of psi 1, phi 2, psi 1T and psi 2T are, respectively, 131.8 (4) degrees, -139.9 (5) degrees, -39.3 (4) degrees and 142.1 (4) degrees. The methionine side chain is not zig-zag transplanar; the side chain torsion angles are: chi 1(1) = -60.0 (4) degrees, chi 2(1) = 176.0 (4) degrees and chi 3(1) = 71.8 (4) degrees. The two C gamma's for valine have psi 1-values of -64.4 (5) degrees and 173.7 (5) degrees. The formation of the parallel rather than antiparallel beta-sheet structure, the participation of the N-formyl group in the parallel beta-sheet and the use of C-H ... O hydrogen bonds to stabilize the beta-sheet are novel features found in this structure. PMID- 6519917 TI - Evidence for interaction of substrate analogs with chicken eggwhite lysozyme after exhaustive reduction of disulfide bonds. AB - In a study of factors that influence the remaining secondary structure of reduced chicken eggwhite lysozyme, N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (NAG) and N,N' diacetylchitobiose (di-NAG) were found to alter the circular dichroic (CD) spectrum of the reduced protein and its carboxymethyl derivative (Cml). Thus, negative ellipticities in the far u.v. were greater in the presence of the analogs, with NAG being the more effective. For Cml, curve fitting analysis of the CD data indicated an increased helical content in the presence of NAG by an average of 3% of the chain length, while beta-structure decreased by an equivalent amount. Other compounds structurally related to NAG produced no similar effects on the CD spectrum of Cml, nor were comparable effects of NAG in evidence on the Cm reduced derivatives of ribonuclease, chymotrypsin, wheat germ agglutinin, or alpha-lactalbumin. The effect therefore appears specific between NAG and Cml. Conversion of the tryptophan residue at Position 62 of Cml to the oxindolealanyl derivative prevented these effects of NAG, and this residue may therefore participate in the interaction. During a 4-day incubation at room temperature, the analog preserved the CD spectrum of Cml as well as its concentration. This effect was nearly specific when compared with other Cm reduced proteins and with other carbohydrates. Only one, N-acetyl mannosamine, was effective in preserving the concentration of Cml, but not the CD spectrum. Since D-glucosamine was entirely without effect on either the CD spectrum of Cml or on its change during incubation, the acetyl group appears essential for the NAG-Cml interaction. The specificity between NAG and Cml is tentatively accounted for in terms of interactions with the primary structure, rather than with the remaining secondary structure.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6519918 TI - pH-dependent changes in properties of concanavalin A in the acid pH range. AB - Properties characteristic of the structure and function of dimeric concanavalin A have been studied as a function of pH in the acid pH range using preparations comprising intact subunits or enriched in fragmented chains. For intact subunits, the glycogen binding ability falls to zero with a midpoint of pH 4.7, the release of Mn+2, Ca+2 and the fluorescent ligand 4-methylumbelliferyl-alpha-D mannopyranoside from the lectin coincides over a pH range centered at pH 3.9, and the CD spectra of the aromatic amino acid residues increase sharply in amplitude between pH 4.0 and 1.5. Nevertheless, the sedimentation coefficient and peptide CD spectrum change insignificantly in the pH range 5 to 2, indicating that dimeric concanavalin A retains its secondary structure and overall hydrodynamic shape essentially unchanged upon acidification. The behavior of concanavalin comprising primarily fragmented chains is not significantly different from that of intact subunits, although it precipitates glycogen less efficiently. It is concluded that dimeric concanavalin A does not undergo a concerted change in structure upon acidification, but rather that it passes through a series of states differing from one another in their local conformations. The distinction in binding between the monosaccharide and the polysaccharide is attributed to participation of a secondary binding site in the latter case. A change in optical activity at 283 nm in the pH range 5-6 is ascribed to disruption of intersubunit interactions of Tyr 67 as the protein undergoes the dimer-tetramer equilibrium. PMID- 6519919 TI - The role of the kinin system in various inflammatory models in the rat. AB - The plasma of a peculiar strain of Brown Norway rats (BN/May Pfd f) is devoid of high molecular weight kininogen and poor in kallikrein. This strain could be used to estimate the involvement of the kinin system in inflammatory processes. In these rats, the oedema induced by kaolin, carrageenans, uric acid and urate crystals exhibited a small development, while the oedemas induced by 48/80, dextran, zymosan, trypsin, nystatin, concanavalin A and heating were not reduced. The exudates withdrawn from Brown Norway rats contained no kinin and a low level of PGE2. The involvement of the kinin system in these inflammatory models is discussed. PMID- 6519921 TI - Experimental studies on mice challenged intracerebrally with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. AB - Intact or immunodepressed mice of different strains were challenged with Pseudomonas aeruginosa cells by the peritoneal or intracerebral route, in order to establish experimental models which may mimic the clinical conditions of compromised hosts experiencing local or systemic invasion by the opportunistic pathogen. The possible role played by host sensitization alone or in combination with chemotherapy was also studied. PMID- 6519922 TI - The lysosomal toxicity of aminoglycosides: a morphometric approach. AB - Lysosomes of kidney proximal tubule cells have been described as an early target involved in aminoglycoside-induced nephrotoxicity. These organelles concentrate these molecules and are overloaded with osmiophilic lamellar material. Biochemical alterations of lysosomes have already been described. In this study 6 aminoglycosides were given i.p. at the doses of 10 and 50 mg/kg for 4-7-15 days. A morphometric study of the lysosomal system of rat kidney proximal tubules is described first using Delesse's principle on electron micrographics. After aminoglycoside treatment, lysosomal volume rose from 3.3% in controls up to 10% or more of the cell volume. Concomitantly lysosomes were overloaded with myeloid bodies up to 50% or more of their own volume. Individual measurements of lysosome sections were performed on micrographics: perimeter and area. Size distributions were compared to each other using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov statistical test. Since the observed distribution could not be compared with a normal, Poisson, or any other theoretical distribution, the size distribution of perimeters has been successfully likened to a sum of individual normal subpopulations, the means of which follow a geometrical progression of rate square root 2 from a constant value of 1.23 micron, with standard errors of 15% of their respective mean value. When converted to membrane area values the progression rate becomes 2 and suggests fusion of identical size lysosomes during their intracellular life. PMID- 6519920 TI - Drugs affecting the hormonal receptors of normal and leukaemic peripheral leucocytes. AB - The authors investigated the behaviour of steroid hormone uptake in leukaemic cells (CML, CLL, AML, ALL), in basal conditions and after incubation with drugs which modify the cellular concentration of cAMP, PGE and PGF. The results demonstrated the presence in leukaemic cells of an alteration in the incorporation of steroid hormones. This alteration was scarcely modified by incubation with theophylline, which increases cellular concentration of cAMP. On the other hand, it was moderately counteracted by thioproline and was evidently inhibited by flurbiprofen, which also reduced cellular concentrations of prostaglandins, particularly PGE2, with the exception of PGF2 which showed a poor response. Differences were observed in the behavior of hormonal uptake of CML, in contrast to that of AML, CLL and ALL peripheral leucocytes. PMID- 6519923 TI - Thrombocytopenia as an epiphenomenon to excessive weight loss after gastric operation (bypass, gastroplasty). AB - Two females that had lost much weight after gastric operation for obesity exhibited thrombocytopenia associated with a doubling of platelet IgG concentration, suggesting a relationship with immune thrombocytopenia. PMID- 6519924 TI - Impaired physicians: an Iowa perspective. PMID- 6519925 TI - Medicine's new world: forces for change. PMID- 6519926 TI - Fibreoptic bronchoscopy in the intensive care unit. PMID- 6519927 TI - The Greenfield filter: an advance in pulmonary embolism management. PMID- 6519928 TI - Reilly's sigmomyotomy in the treatment of diverticulosis: a review of 21 cases. PMID- 6519929 TI - The effects of cardiopulmonary bypass on immune mechanisms of man. PMID- 6519930 TI - Recurrent pneumothorax in rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 6519931 TI - A defect of the urea cycle--a case report. PMID- 6519932 TI - Perinatal mortality 1982. PMID- 6519933 TI - Perinatal mortality 1983. PMID- 6519934 TI - A national nutrition policy. PMID- 6519935 TI - Blunt traumatic evisceration of intestinal loops through the anus--a case report and a review of the literature. PMID- 6519936 TI - Felty's syndrome presenting with severe extra-articular features in the absence of clinical rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 6519937 TI - Relationships between the electrocardiogram and phonocardiogram: potential for improved heart monitoring. AB - Improvements in current heart monitoring techniques could reduce the number of heart attacks and resulting deaths. The potential for using time intervals measured between waveforms of the electrocardiogram (ECG), phonocardiogram (PCG), and peripheral blood flow pulse (PP) for heart monitoring was studied. The waveform locations identified in the simultaneously recorded signals included the R- and T-wave peaks of the ECG, the first (S1) and second (S2) sounds of the PCG, and the systolic peak of the PP. The signals were found to be highly consistent from one cardiac cycle to the next. Further, the time intervals measured between the different signals were stable with time. Strong relationships were found between the intervals R to T and R to S2 and the R to R interval. In contrast, R to PP and R to S1 correlated poorly with the R to R but strongly with each other. Additional differences between the measured intervals were revealed by studying changes due to exercise and different body positions. The relationships between the measured intervals were found to be independent of PCG recording location. This study demonstrates the feasibility and potential of using the electrical contractile indices of heart function for monitoring heart patients. Design of a computer-based monitor using the techniques specified in this study is discussed along with relative strengths and weaknesses of such a system. PMID- 6519938 TI - Childhood depression--a review. PMID- 6519940 TI - Emotional reactions among bereaving Israeli parents. PMID- 6519939 TI - Factitious disorder: reflections on primary and secondary gain in Munchausen syndrome. PMID- 6519941 TI - The role of suggestion in the treatment of combat reactions within a specific military installation during the war in Lebanon. PMID- 6519942 TI - Inferences of personality characteristics from earliest memories. PMID- 6519944 TI - Cerebrovascular accidents in infants and children with congenital cyanotic heart disease. AB - The red blood cell (RBC) counts and indices of 12 patients with congenital cyanotic heart diseases (CCHD) who had had cerebrovascular accidents (CVA) (study group) were compared with those of 41 infants and children with CCHD who had not had CVA (control group); the groups were matched for age and type of CCHD. The patients in the study group were found to have nonsignificantly lower hemoglobin levels and similar hematocrit levels, in comparison with the control group. On the other hand, significantly lower RBC indices were found among the patients of the study group in comparison with the control group. The arterial oxyhemoglobin concentration, studied in six patients of the study group, was not found to be significantly lower than that of the patients in the control group. Thus, we conclude that relative anemia with microcytosis is associated with the occurrence of CVA in children with CCHD. PMID- 6519943 TI - Survey of immunoglobulin E levels in atopic families in Israel. AB - Two hundred and ten members belonging to two consecutive generations of 41 atopic families (healthy and affected by clinical atopic manifestations) were investigated for basal immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels and clinical picture. The results show overall increased IgE levels, above standard values in the whole population studied, and a significant correlation between clinical atopy and high IgE levels in the children of the group. Within these families recessive inheritance of abnormally high IgE levels suggests that their high IgE levels are due to a genetically transmitted defect in IgE suppression. PMID- 6519945 TI - Prevalence of antibodies to respiratory syncytial virus in various populations in Israel. AB - A preliminary study on the prevalence of antibodies to respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in individuals of various age-groups was carried out. In healthy infants aged 6 to 12 months, the prevalence was 27%. It increased to 37 and 54% in children aged 1 to 2 and 2 to 4 years, respectively. The prevalence reached 78% in healthy individuals who were more than 20 years old, including pregnant women. Significant levels of specific antibodies were detected in 59% of children aged 6 to 12 months who were hospitalized with respiratory tract illnesses. It appears that acquisition of antibodies to RSV in our population occurs relatively later in life than in other Western countries. PMID- 6519946 TI - Effect of mass BCG vaccination at birth on the incidence of tuberculosis among Jewish children in Israel. AB - This report evaluates the effect of BCG vaccination at birth on the incidence of tuberculosis (TB) among Jewish children born in Israel between 1956 and 1979 and aged 0 to 12 years. In the years 1956-79, 299 new cases of TB were diagnosed; 164 of these patients had been vaccinated at birth (an incidence rate of 1.9/100,000 person-years at risk), and 106 had not (a rate of 3.1 significantly higher than among the vaccinated children). Nevertheless, because of the low incidence of TB among Jewish children born in Israel, the number of cases that were prevented by vaccination was relatively small (mean of 4.2/year). The protective efficacy of vaccination was 38%: 24% for pulmonary and 64% for extrapulmonary TB. PMID- 6519947 TI - Determinants of thyroid hormone and thyroid-lipid interrelationships in Jerusalem. AB - In a study of 652 boys and 556 girls, aged 17, and 1,020 men and 575 women from the Jerusalem Lipid Research Clinic, serum thyroxine was higher in females than in males and higher in 17-year-old boys than in men. In most age- and sex groups, thyroxine was highest in Israelis originating from Asian and other Middle Eastern countries and lowest in immigrants or children of immigrants from Western countries. As in other population-based studies, we found a statistically significant negative correlation between thyroxine and triglyceride in adult males and negative correlations between thyroxine and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in all age- and sex groups. No associations between thyroxine and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol or very low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol were observed. PMID- 6519948 TI - Screening for early detection of radiation-associated thyroid cancer: a pilot study. AB - In the 1950s, approximately 20,000 Israeli children received scalp irradiation as treatment for tinea capitis (ringworm of the scalp). To evaluate the necessity and feasibility of early screening of these individuals for thyroid cancer, a small pilot program was undertaken. The examination consisted of a thorough palpation of the thyroid gland and the surrounding area. A 99mTc thyroid scan and thyroid function tests were performed on individuals in whom palpation suggested a nodular abnormality. A multidisciplinary committee then made a recommendation for or against surgery. A total of 443 persons were screened, and nodular abnormalities of the thyroid were detected in 24 (5.4%). Of these persons, nine displayed symptomatology or reported knowledge of a thyroid condition; despite this, three of them were not receiving treatment. This left 18 subjects--15 new cases and 3 previously untreated patients--needing follow-up care. Altogether nine persons were recommended for surgery, but one refused. All eight of the excised lesions were benign: four colloid nodules and four adenomas. While the screening program was feasible, the fact that no cancers were detected suggested that in a population exposed to a very low dose of radiation, thyroid screening may not be justified on a large scale. PMID- 6519949 TI - Different effects of metoprolol and chlorthalidone on serum lipoprotein levels in mild hypertension. Possible implications for coronary heart disease risk status. AB - The effects of chlorthalidone and metoprolol on fasting plasma lipids and lipoprotein levels were compared in two similar nonrandomized groups of patients with mild hypertension. Chlorthalidone therapy was associated with an increase in serum cholesterol of 8.1% (17 mg/dl), mainly reflecting an increase in low density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol. High-density lipoproteins (HDL) cholesterol decreased, but the difference between pre- and posttreatment levels did not reach statistical significance. Serum triglyceride (TG) concentration increased by 16% (20 mg/dl). Metoprolol therapy was not associated with changes in total, very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL)-, LDL- and HDL-cholesterol levels. Serum TG concentration increased by 22% (28 mg/dl), mainly due to an increase in VLDL-TG. Application of the Israel Ischemic Heart Disease Study data to these findings could predict only a very slight decrease in the 5-year estimated probability of myocardial infarction in the chlorthalidone-treated group. Metoprolol therapy has, theoretically, a more favorable influence on coronary heart disease risk status. These data suggest that the different forms of therapy for mild hypertension have a different effect on the theoretical coronary heart disease risk status, a fact that should be taken into consideration in the choice of medication. PMID- 6519950 TI - Ventricular tachycardia induced by slow ventricular pacing. AB - Two patients are described, in whom ventricular pacing at physiological rates (72 to 75 beats/min) repeatedly induced ventricular tachycardia (VT). In the first patient, pacing was required because of complete atrioventricular block following an inferior and right ventricular (RV) myocardial infarction. VT developed during RV posterobasal pacing, but not during RV outflow tract pacing at similar rates. The second patient had a postinfarction left ventricular aneurysm and was paced because of amiodarone-induced sinus node dysfunction. VT developed when the rate of ventricular pacing was similar to that of the sinus rate. We conclude that in patients whom VT is induced at physiological rates of pacing, the following factors may be involved in the triggering of VT: the rate of pacing, the site of ventricular stimulation; and the administration of antiarrhythmic drugs. Early recognition of these factors, which may facilitate reentry by aggravating previously existing intraventricular conduction disturbances, is imperative for the effective management of the arrhythmia. PMID- 6519951 TI - Simultaneous replacement of a failed jejunoileal bypass with a gastric bypass. AB - This study was undertaken in order to evaluate the implications of substituting a failed jejunoileal bypass with a gastric bypass, another bariatric procedure. During the same operation, the jejunoileal bypass is taken down and a Roux-en-Y gastric bypass created. All 12 patients who underwent the procedure and who form the basis for this study survived. In comparison with patients who underwent gastric bypass alone during the same period, peri- and postoperative morbidity did not increase. Following this operation blood glucose levels and arterial blood pressure decreased as the patients with the failed jejunoileal bypass lost weight. Serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels, which are known to decrease significantly after jejunoileal bypass, slightly increased but always remained within normal range after substitution by the gastric bypass. All patients who underwent the combined operation showed a dramatic improvement in life quality. We conclude that the simultaneous performance of these two procedures is a preferable alternative to the take-down alone of the original unsuccessful procedure. PMID- 6519952 TI - Scleredema adultorum associated with localized myositis. AB - A 70-year-old man presented with large areas of brawny edema of the skin and neck and weakness of the muscles of the forearm. Biopsy revealed scleredema adultorum with inflammatory changes in the forearm muscle. An electromyogram showed a mixed pattern compatible with myositis. PMID- 6519953 TI - Decrease in blood pressure in the Dead Sea region. PMID- 6519954 TI - Obliterated umbilical artery abscess simulating a strangulated umbilical hernia: a late complication of neonatal umbilical artery catheterization. PMID- 6519955 TI - Outbreak of respiratory syncytial virus infection in a neonatal intensive care unit. PMID- 6519956 TI - New procedure for preventing para-colostomy hernia and prolapse. PMID- 6519957 TI - IgG vs IgE: mediators of antigen-induced guinea pig tracheal contraction. AB - Guinea pig IgG and IgE were employed in these studies to determine whether different mediators were responsible for IgG- and IgE-mediated contraction of guinea pig trachea. Isolated tracheal strips were passively sensitized using IgG- or IgE-type antibody to ovalbumin which had been separated using Protein A Sepharose. The antigen-induced contraction of tracheae sensitized with either IgG or IgE was delayed by diphenhydramine (10(-5) M) and significantly enhanced by aspirin (1.1 X 10(-4) M). The leukotriene antagonist FPL 55712 (1.9 X 10(-5) M) decreased the duration of the IgG-mediated contraction but not that of the IgE mediated contraction. Diphenhydramine in combination with FPL 55712 caused a greater inhibition of the IgG-mediated tracheal contraction than either antagonist alone. In contrast, the IgE-mediated response was inhibited to the same extent by a combination of FPL 55712 and diphenhydramine as with diphenhydramine alone. The lipoxygenase inhibitor nordihydroguaiaretic acid in combination with diphenhydramine inhibited the antigen-induced contraction to a greater extent than diphenhydramine alone in the IgG, but not in the IgE sensitized trachea. Leukotriene release from trachea was assessed by contraction of the longitudinal muscle of an unsensitized guinea pig ileum mounted in the same tissue bath. On ovalbumin challenge, leukotriene release was detected from IgG-sensitized trachea but only minimally from IgE-sensitized trachea. Histamine release was detectable on antigen challenge of IgG- and IgE-sensitized trachea. Heating IgG (56 degrees C for 4 h) did not alter its ability to mediate histamine or leukotriene release.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6519958 TI - Attempts to use thiabendazole to improve the immune response in dexamethasone treated or stressed cattle. AB - Thiabendazole was evaluated in two separate experiments for its ability to enhance the immune response in dexamethasone-treated or stressed cattle. In the first experiment the cattle received either no drug treatment (controls), dexamethasone intramuscularly (IM), or dexamethasone IM plus thiabendazole orally. All animals were inoculated with heat-killed Brucella abortus strain 19, equine ferritin, tetanus toxoid, and live Corynebacterium equi at the time dexamethasone therapy was initiated. Dexamethasone (0.04 mg/kg/day IM for 3 days) significantly (p less than 0.05) inhibited the lymphocyte blastogenic response to mitogens and the antibody response to ferritin and tetanus toxoid. Thiabendazole given orally (16 mg/kg/day) beginning 24 h prior to antigen and dexamethasone administration and continued for 6 days failed to prevent the dexamethasone induced suppression of the lymphocyte blastogenic or antibody responses. In the second experiment 51 cattle were divided into a control group and a thiabendazole treated group. The animals were stressed by weaning, injection of antigen (equine ferritin, tetanus toxoid, B. abortus strain 19 and killed bovine viral diarrhea virus) and castration of the bulls on the day that thiabendazole therapy was started. Thiabendazole administered orally for 5 days at a dosage of 20 mg/kg did not enhance the antibody response to any of the antigens, and was associated with a significantly lower antibody response to B. abortus. PMID- 6519960 TI - The effect of endotoxin and radio-detoxified endotoxin on the serum T4 level of rats and response of their thyroid gland to exogenous TSH. AB - We have demonstrated that, while the shock-inducing dose of parent (toxic) endotoxin significantly decreases the serum T4 level of rats and inhibits the T4 response given to exogenous thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), the radio detoxified (60Co-gamma, 150 kGy) endotoxin preparation does not inhibit the response to exogenous TSH and decreases serum T4 level to a lesser extent than untreated endotoxin. PMID- 6519959 TI - Effects of thiabendazole on dexamethasone-induced suppression of lymphocyte and neutrophil function in cattle. AB - Seven dosage levels of thiabendazole were evaluated for their ability to normalize lymphocyte or neutrophil function in dexamethasone-treated cattle. Dexamethasone administration (0.04 mg/kg intramuscularly daily for 3 days) significantly suppressed the lymphocyte blastogenic response to phytohemagglutinin, concanavalin A, and pokeweed mitogen. The lymphocyte blastogenic response to allogeneic lymphocytes was also suppressed in dexamethasone-treated cattle, but this effect was not statistically significant. Neutrophils from dexamethasone-treated cattle had a significantly enhanced ability to migrate under agarose, and significantly suppressed ability to reduce nitroblue tetrazolium, iodinate protein, and mediate antibody-dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity. Thiabendazole when administered concurrently with dexamethasone in the dosage range from 1.0 to 25.0 mg/kg (orally) did significantly enhance lymphocyte blastogenic responsiveness to phytohemagglutinin, concanavalin A, pokeweed mitogen and allogeneic cells (in dexamethasone-treated cattle). This immunonormalizing effect was not observed at the 50 or 100 mg/kg dosage levels. Thiabendazole did not produce a consistent significant enhancement of any parameter of neutrophil function in dexamethasone treated cattle. PMID- 6519961 TI - Inhibition of antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity by ethanol. AB - Ethanol has been shown to inhibit spontaneous cell-mediated cytotoxicity and antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity in vitro in a dose-dependent manner. The effect was observed under differing assay conditions such as incubation time and effector: target cell ratio. Acetaldehyde, the primary metabolite of ethanol, did not inhibit these functions of the immune system. A mixture of ethanol and acetaldehyde showed no interaction with respect to spontaneous and antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity. These observations may help to explain the apparently increased incidence of infection for individuals who chronically ingest large amounts of alcoholic beverages. PMID- 6519962 TI - The effect of desferrioxamine on the proliferative response of rat lymphocytes stimulated with various mitogens in vitro. AB - This paper reports experiments designed to evaluate the effect of desferrioxamine on lymphocytes obtained from the spleen of Sprague-Dawley rats. The results showed that desferrioxamine inhibits the proliferative response of lymphocytes stimulated by concanavalin A or pokeweed mitogen, the effect being proportional to the dose used, and being maximal at the end of the culture period. To exert its effect, desferrioxamine has to be present from the initiation of the cultures -its addition 24 h later markedly reduced its inhibitory effect. Studies of cell viability indicated that the inhibition was not due to toxicity. Lymphocytes obtained from young animals (4 to 12-week-old) were more sensitive to desferrioxamine than older animals (13 to 18-week-old). Saturation of desferrioxamine with iron abolished its effect, suggesting a direct relationship between chelating properties and inhibition, and reinforcing the hypothesis that iron plays an important role in the process of cell division. PMID- 6519963 TI - Erythrocyte sedimentation rate quantitation in MRL/MpM-lpr/lpr mice. PMID- 6519964 TI - Arthroprosthesis in old unreduced congenital dislocation of the hip, using the "false" acetabulum. A study of 34 cases. AB - In adult patients with considerable loss of function due to an unreduced congenital dislocation of the hip with a false acetabulum, the authors posed the question "Is it feasible, with a reasonable chance of success, to perform an arthroprosthesis in the "pathological" position, using the false acetabulum as a seating for the cup?" The aim of this study was to assess, in particular, the holding properties of the cup which has to be fitted after appropriate reaming, into this rather precarious false acetabulum. They define the indications for this procedure and describe their technique. The results of 34 operations, followed up for an average of 5 years, confirm the validity of this procedure. PMID- 6519965 TI - A new method of treating the advanced stages of tibia vara (Blount's disease). AB - A method is presented of correcting the deformity in tibia vara (Blount's disease) in its later stages. It has the special merit of simultaneously correcting the recurvatum, varus, torsion, shortening, and the associated deformity of the femoral epiphysis. PMID- 6519966 TI - Mittelmeier's ceramic hip prosthesis. AB - The results are reported of 59 non-cemented ceramic hip prostheses, 29 of which have a follow-up of from one to three years. The technical details are described and the advantages of this type of prosthesis over the older cemented types are discussed. The results of this limited series, albeit with a comparatively short follow-up, are sufficiently encouraging to recommend the use of this prosthesis, when the indications are correct, in place of the cemented types. PMID- 6519967 TI - Osteosynthesis with valgus osteotomy in the primary treatment of subcapital fractures of the neck of the femur. AB - The authors report 25 consecutive cases of subcapital fracture of the neck of the femur treated by osteosynthesis and valgus osteotomy. The results at 3 to 5 years showed bony union in all cases with only 2 cases of ischaemic necrosis (8%). Since this complication is due to vascular damage inflicted at the time of fracture the authors suggest that valgus osteotomy, which is usually only done in cases of pseudarthrosis, is also applicable to recent fractures which have a high risk of non-union. PMID- 6519969 TI - Thoracic intervertebral disc protrusions. AB - Intervertebral disc protrusions occur most frequently in the lumbar spine, much less frequently in the cervical spine and very rarely in the thoracic spine. The symptomatology of thoracic protrusions is both aspecific and polymorphic. The diagnosis is therefore difficult and necessarily depends on myelography and computerised axial tomography (CAT scanning). The treatment is surgical and should be undertaken early if pain and neurological damage are to be relieved. PMID- 6519968 TI - Multiple operations on the lumbar spine. A study of 15 patients operated on 3 times or more for an initial diagnosis of prolapsed disc. AB - This is a study of 15 patients who have been operated on three or four times after an initial diagnosis of prolapsed lumbar disc. Four main causes have been distinguished; recurrent prolapse, spinal stenosis, arachnoiditis and vertebral instability. The final results of these multiple operations have been assessed as worthwhile in 73% of cases. Several factors in this case material have been identified as important in determining the satisfactory end results. PMID- 6519970 TI - External fixation in the treatment of fractures of the distal forearm. AB - The authors present 12 cases of fractures of the lower forearm treated by Hoffmann external fixation. They discuss the indications for this method and its advantages over internal fixation and closed treatment by manipulation and plaster. The advantages are: simplicity and rapidity of treatment, good toleration of the instrumentation, constant control of the soft tissues, almost bloodless technique, complete freedom of joints not involved in the fracture, and the ability to adjust the position of the wrist and hand as union progresses so as to gradually restore the physiological position in the later stages. PMID- 6519971 TI - Hypertrophic osteoperiostitis in Crohn's disease. AB - The authors present a case of hypertrophic osteoperiostitis in a patient suffering from Crohn's disease. A review of the literature reveals 10 cases of Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis with similar affections of the skeletal system, some of which were asymptomatic. This supports the hypothesis that the immunological phenomena which are common to both these intestinal diseases are also the basis of the skeletal affection. PMID- 6519972 TI - Tumoral calcinosis. AB - The authors present a case of tumoral calcinosis, a rare form of calcinosis due to the formation of "calcium tumours" in the vicinity of serous bursae. They discuss the clinical, anatomical and pathological features of the three principal forms of calcinosis, including the theories of pathogenesis. In the rare tumoral form the treatment is always radical excision. PMID- 6519974 TI - Temporomandibular joint dysfunction masquerading as chronic cervical strain. PMID- 6519973 TI - Diabetic neuroarthropathy of the foot. AB - The authors describe 5 cases of diabetic neuroarthropathy of the foot that came under their observation. They report the clinical radiological and histological findings and discuss the most widely accepted pathogenetic theories, including their own, based on their histological data. They also outline a programme of treatment and prophylactis measures to be adopted in these cases. PMID- 6519975 TI - The IME. PMID- 6519976 TI - Aging and the nervous system. PMID- 6519977 TI - Orbital bruits in atherosclerotic cerebrovascular disease--an oriental phenomenon. PMID- 6519978 TI - Dementia: early diagnosis with an endogenous event-related potential (auditory P300). PMID- 6519979 TI - Cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis in Hawaii--a therapeutic failure. PMID- 6519981 TI - Psychiatric consultation in a headache unit. PMID- 6519980 TI - Metabolic abnormality in cluster headache. PMID- 6519982 TI - Headache of nasal spur origin: an easily diagnosed and surgically correctable cause of facial pain. PMID- 6519983 TI - Some benefits of high frontalis tension in tension headache sufferers. PMID- 6519985 TI - Placebos and the power of negative thinking. PMID- 6519984 TI - Decreased thromboxane production in migraine patients during headache-free period. PMID- 6519986 TI - [Photosensitization caused by nonsteroidal antirheumatic drugs]. PMID- 6519987 TI - [Etiology of erythema migrans disease and Lyme disease. Review and results of personal study]. AB - Erythema chronicum migrans (ECM), lymphadenosis cutis benigna and acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans (ACA) have been well known in Europe for a long time as skin diseases induced by tickbites. Earlier hints that these inflammatory dermatoses and associated disorders (erythema migrans disease) might be of spirochetal origin are now supported by the findings of several groups in the USA and Europe. In the United States the endemic occurrence of a new inflammatory disease which seems to be closely related to the European erythema migrans disease was first seen in Lyme, Connecticut, in 1975. This "Lyme disease" is also induced by tick bites and affects mainly skin and joints. In 1982 the isolation of a new spirochetal species cultivated from Ixodes dammini ticks was reported. Antibodies against these Ixodes dammini spirochetes (IDS) were detected by indirect immunofluorescence in patients with Lyme disease. In 1983 spirochetes were shown by Warthin-Starry silver stain in skin biopsies of erythema chronicum migrans, and nearly simultaneously the isolation of spirochetes similar to the IDS from skin, blood and cerebrospinal fluid of Lyme patients was reported in a few cases. Also, in Europe Borrelia-like spirochetes morphologically very similar to the IDS have been isolated from ticks of the indigenous species Ixodes ricinus by transmission to laboratory animals and cultivation in vitro. Antibodies against Ixodes ricinus spirochetes (IRS), but also against known Borrelia species have been shown in most sera of patients with erythema migrans disease, including meningoradiculitis Bannwarth, acrodermatitis chronic atrophicans and lymph adenosis cutis benigna.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6519988 TI - [Becker nevus. A clinico-histologic-electron microscopy study of 39 patients]. AB - The study presented here is based on the clinicopathological and electron microscopical analysis of 39 patients with Becker's nevus (BN). The clinical picture is variable and we therefore suggest the following three types be distinguished: (1) the melanotic type, (2) the hypertrichotic type, and (3) the mixed type. In BN the sensitivity reaction was often diminished. Among the skin eruptions other than BN, we would like to stress that 12% of our patients showed a malignant melanoma. Histopathology concerns both epidermal and dermal structures. The electron microscopic findings corresponded well with those by light microscopy. As far as we know, the changes in collagen fibrils are demonstrated for the first time in this study. PMID- 6519989 TI - [Erythema chronicum migrans with Bannwarth syndrome (Garin-Bujadoux-Bannwarth meningopolyneuritis)]. AB - A 54-year-old male had erythema chronicum migrans (ECM), lymphocytic meningitis, and intense pain radiating along the distribution of the corresponding dermatomal segments. Neurologic involvement, described as Bannwarth syndrome or meningopolyneuritis Garin-Bujadoux-Bannwarth, is a typical late manifestation of ECM infection and requires high-dose intravenous penicillin therapy. PMID- 6519990 TI - [Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction in erythema migrans disease]. AB - A Jarisch-Herxheimer (-like) reaction has been observed in four patients with erythema migrans disease. PMID- 6519991 TI - [Localized cutaneous siderosis following intramuscular iron injections]. AB - Iron-induced discolorations at the injection site are rare because oral application is now preferred. A 31-year-old women is described with bilateral gluteal localized siderosis, who had received intramuscular iron injections 9 months before. PMID- 6519992 TI - [Aquagenic pruritus sine materia]. PMID- 6519993 TI - [Neoplasms and cutaneous paraneoplastic syndromes]. PMID- 6519994 TI - Reducing motor vehicle trauma through health promotion programming. AB - Health Promotion approaches found effective in reducing morbidity and mortality from chronic diseases are being applied to reducing death and disability from motor vehicle trauma. The use of safety belts and child safety seats are of recognized benefit in reducing the public health problem associated with traffic crashes. Because traffic crashes are one of the leading causes of productive years of life lost and the leading cause of death among age groups 5-34, safety belt and child safety seat programs that use effective community health promotion strategies are needed. This article suggests programs and educational approaches in which safety belt and child restraint use are promoted as preventive health practices. Health educators are encouraged to view these protective behaviors as part of a healthy life-style and promote occupant protection as a life-style behavior. PMID- 6519995 TI - Occupant protection as a priority in national efforts to promote health. AB - Motor vehicle accidents are the leading cause of death for Americans ages 1 to 34 and cost our nation almost 57 billion dollars a year. Fortunately, many of the fatalities and serious injuries in motor vehicle accidents are preventable through proper and consistent safety belt and child safety seat use. Surprisingly, 80% to 90% of Americans rarely use safety belts, clearly making this one of the most significant public health problems. Increasing awareness of the importance of, and potential solution for this problem has led to integrating issues about motor vehicle trauma prevention into today's public health agenda. Efforts by federal health agencies are beginning to impact motor vehicle trauma reduction, but the involvement of public health workers at all levels is necessary for success. PMID- 6519996 TI - Health promotion approaches to occupant protection: an epidemiologic framework. AB - The size of the problem, the potential for prevention, and the Nation's prevention priorities all support public health action to prevent injuries. A balanced approach to this problem should include both environmental and health promotion strategies. Centers for Disease Control (CDC) is encouraging development of health promotion capability at the community level; the approach bases planning and implementation of programs on epidemiologic analysis to define the problem. Behavioral risk factor surveillance data will help states and communities establish baselines and determine priorities. Baseline data from the state-based surveillance system illustrate risk levels of motor vehicle occupants, e.g., 58% of adults report "seldom" or "never" using seat belts, and one of every seven males ages 18-34 report driving after having too much to drink. A health promotion plan developed by the Oakland County, Michigan, Health Department illustrates the use of these kinds of data as an epidemiologic framework; this plan identifies child passenger safety as a priority for action and establishes measurable objectives to reduce risk through health promotion programs. Health promotion includes not only interventions that support individual behavior change but also community change. By acquiring epidemiologic data and conveying it both to individuals and community decision makers, the public health community supports increased community efforts to protect occupants of motor vehicles. PMID- 6519997 TI - Safety belt use, ejection and entrapment. AB - One in every five occupants thrown from a car receives fatal injuries. A motorist who uses a safety belt, in all probability, will not be thrown from the car during a crash. The rate of fatal injury for ejected occupants was found to be 40 times the rate for occupants not thrown from their cars, as determined from national accident sampling data. These data refute the popular notion that "being thrown clear" has survival benefit. In addition, there was no evidence that wearing a safety belt increased fatality risk from vehicle fire or submersion. PMID- 6519998 TI - A community health education approach to occupant protection. AB - The goal of enhancing motor vehicle occupant protection is vital to the public's health. Controversies about passive versus active protection and voluntary versus mandatory measures continue. A program which employed a combination of positive reinforcements (incentives) and wide-scale community education succeeded in raising the community seat belt usage rate from 24 to 41% in 6 months. This rate was sustained at 36% at six-month follow-up. This article reviews the major features of the "Seat Belts Pay Off" campaign and its evaluation and considers both theoretical and pragmatic issues pertinent to replicating the program in other community settings. PMID- 6519999 TI - Developing motor vehicle occupant protection programs in local health departments. AB - Motor vehicle crashes are the leading cause of death for young people in America and a major national health threat. Unfortunately most crash victims do not use safety belts or child safety seats which could reduce or eliminate their injuries. This article describes how motor vehicle occupant protection issues have been introduced into local health departments in Michigan and how several of these health departments have developed programs to increase the proper use of child safety seats and safety belts in their communities. PMID- 6520000 TI - Safety belt use and related health variables in a worksite health promotion program. AB - Few corporate-based health promotion programs address a major preventable killer that strikes American workers--motor vehicle crashes. The use of vehicle safety belts is a known and effective prevention measure yet few workers use them. Very little research has been done on safety belt use as a health behavior, particularly as it relates to a corporate health promotion program. Data from an Employee Health Survey on 3,947 employees at Control Data Corporation were examined in 1982-83 to determine the relationship between safety belt use and other health habits. Comparisons between participants in the Stay Well Program (a health promotion program) and nonparticipant and control groups were analyzed. Users of safety belts reported more moderate use of alcohol, better exercise habits, less smoking and were less likely to be overweight than nonusers. Among Stay Well employees completing a Health Risk Profile, higher levels of safety belt use were reported. Recommendations are made which have implications for the design of safety belt motivation programs within the context of worksite health promotion. PMID- 6520002 TI - Factors associated with the use of child restraint devices. AB - A thorough behavioral diagnosis of why parents do and do not use car safety seats is important for designing an effective, comprehensive approach to the significant public health problem of childhood motor vehicle occupant deaths and injuries. With a clear understanding of the demographic, knowledge, attitudinal and social support factors related to car seat use, it will be possible to develop or refine program methods and persuasive communication strategies which will have the greatest potential for effectiveness. Project KISS (Kids in Safety Seats) of the Maryland Department of Health and Mental Hygiene surveyed parents of young children in Maryland to identify factors which differentiate child restraint device users from nonusers. A statewide telephone survey was conducted using random digit dialing, a method of computerized sampling for telephone interviewing. The survey instrument incorporated demographic variables and used Fishbein and Ajzen's model of behavioral intention to develop an attitude scale and identify social referents important to parental safety seat use. Of the factors associated with reported use of car seats, the attitudinal variables were extremely significant. Using these variables as well as spouse approval, socio demographic characteristics, and other preventive health behaviors of parents, resulted in the correct classification of 75.5% of cases and 26.7% of the variance in reported car seat use. Practitioners can use this analysis to design and target effective educational efforts to those individuals who are least likely to use car seats properly and consistently. PMID- 6520001 TI - Preventing death and injury in childhood: a synthesis of child safety seat efforts. AB - Virtually all children are at risk for injury and death as passengers in moving vehicles. Between 70% to 90% of the injury and death could be reduced or prevented if children were restrained in safety seats. However, studies show that only a minority of children are properly protected. Numerous efforts have been made to increase the number of children riding in car safety seats. This article reviews and synthesizes the various attempts to motivate safety seat usage by examining the literature on (1) informational and educational programs; (2) safety seat loaner programs; (3) state laws requiring seat usage; (4) behavioral improvement emphasis programs; (5) reward-based programs; and (6) passive prevention approaches through airbags. No one approach appears to be the solution to the complex problem of motivating the preventive behavior of acquiring and consistently using safety seats. Recommendations are forwarded for: (1) developing and determining the best techniques for which settings through comparative research; (2) utilizing a developmental perspective in identifying when and what interventions are needed; and (3) implementing creative and comprehensive programs in communities. PMID- 6520003 TI - A statewide hospital-based program to improve child passenger safety. AB - A statewide network of hospital-based low-cost car seat rental and educational programs, operated by volunteers, was begun in Vermont in 1979. In four years the rate of correct car seat usage by newborns at hospital discharge increased from less than 16% to 71%. High usage rates appear to continue in the first two years of life. It is hypothesized that availability of car seats, direct educational intervention in the hospitals, high visibility, and indirect educational processes in the community contributed to these changes. It is concluded that hospital-based programs should be included in comprehensive strategies to improve child passenger safety. PMID- 6520004 TI - The national high blood pressure education program: a description of its utility as a generic program model. AB - The National High Blood Pressure Education Program recently celebrated its tenth anniversary. It is timely and appropriate to assess progress toward the realization of its mission and to examine the critical elements of this large scale, community-based intervention program. This article describes the origin of the National Program, the planning process and models used in undertaking this national health education effort, the application of theoretical models, and approaches used to evaluate the effort. The lessons learned and the application of the National Program as a model for health education interventions are offered. PMID- 6520005 TI - Organization for a community cardiovascular health program: experiences from the Minnesota Heart Health Program. AB - The World Health Organization has emphasized the importance of community participation as a keystone of primary health care and in meeting their goal of health for all. This article reports on the first three years of experience in a community-based approach to cardiovascular health. The project involves three communities totaling almost a quarter of a million inhabitants with matched comparison communities. An extensive volunteer structure provides a dynamic partnership with the education research group in bringing learning opportunities and enabling situations for the practice of heart healthy life styles in the total community. The project goal is to demonstrate reduced mortality and morbidity from educational interventions. The participative intervention model suggests a feasible alternative for future public health practice. PMID- 6520006 TI - An overview and analysis of the Health Style campaign. AB - In 1981, the Office of Health Information and Health Promotion of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services launched a national health promotion media campaign titled Health Style. The purposes of the Health Style campaign were: to increase public awareness of the effects of life-style on health; to enable persons to assess which life-style changes would be most conducive to their health; to stimulate information-seeking behavior and; to foster the development of local health promotion activities and referral networks. The campaign was implemented in nine test communities across the United States. This article: provides an overview of the campaign; examines strategies used to implement the campaign in three local communities and; presents the findings of evaluations conducted at both the national and local levels. A summary of lessons learned from the Health Style campaign experience is included in the article. PMID- 6520007 TI - Getting messages on the air: findings from the 1982 Alcohol Abuse Prevention Campaign. AB - A necessary step in an effective public education campaign is obtaining sufficient broadcast time to reach substantial numbers of a target audience. By this criterion, the 1982 Alcohol Abuse Prevention Campaign was very successful. Between February and December 1982, 17,409 alcohol-related public service announcements (PSAs) were broadcast in 75 major media markets around the country. Campaign messages reached target audiences with sufficient frequency to have had likely effects on attitudes and behavior. Key elements in the success of the effort were producing high quality broadcast materials, providing technical assistance to aid state and local groups in the message dissemination process, and providing for state and local control over the timing and release of materials. PMID- 6520008 TI - Promoting social support: the impact of California's "Friends Can Be Good Medicine" campaign. AB - Increasing recognition of the importance of social support for health has not been accompanied by commensurate increases in knowledge about how to strengthen natural support networks on a large scale. This study evaluated the impact of California's innovative "Friends Can Be Good Medicine" public education campaign in promoting social support. Campaign impact was assessed with pre-, post-, and long-term follow-up interviews with a panel sample of 340 adults in the six county Fresno media market area. Comparisons of exposed and unexposed individuals found that the campaign appeared to have measurable impact on knowledge, attitudes, behavioral intentions, and support enhancing behavior. Follow-up interviews indicated that these gains maintained themselves over the course of a year. The campaign was most effective when it utilized multiple channels of communication. In Fresno City, where there was the most intensive combination of community activities and media exposure, respondents indicating substantial likelihood of engaging in support enhancing behavior increased from 42% to 59% compared to smaller gains in areas which relied primarily on community implementation, and no gains in areas where exposure to the campaign was limited to mass media. The campaign appeared particularly effective with people who had experienced the death of someone close to them during the past year, and within that group, gains were largest among respondents below average in initial levels of social support. PMID- 6520009 TI - How do persuasive health messages work? A health education field study. AB - The authors tested an empirical definition of comprehension and investigated the relationship between comprehension, retention, attitudes, beliefs, and behavioral change in response to a persuasive health message. The study used a randomized post-tests only design with one experimental and one control group. A booklet about exercise was given to experimental group participants in their homes. They were interviewed immediately after reading the booklet and one month later. Control group participants were interviewed at both times without exposure to the booklet. The authors found that participants who were able to operationalize key concepts related to the exercise message were the most likely group to have performed the recommended behavior according to self-reports. Measures of recognition and recall were not significantly related to behavior, but measures of psychological-operational meaning (defined as the learner's ability to use the information and relate it to his/her own life) were related significantly to self reported behavior. The authors also examined the relationship of comprehension to other variables, such as attitudes, beliefs, and behavior. The study's results support the hypothesis that comprehension is a necessary but not sufficient precursor of behavior. Implications for both program design and measurement are discussed. PMID- 6520010 TI - Macro-intervention to support health behavior: some theoretical perspectives and practical reflections. AB - Large-scale, integrated programs--as distinct from multiple and widespread replications of small-scale programs--require for their planning, implementation and evaluation a qualitatively different set of concepts, methods, and procedures. They are not merely the sum of the parts making up numerous applications of the same health education messages and objectives in various organizations or communities. This review of theory, research and the experience of national and community-based studies in mass media and community development for health, family planning and cardiovascular risk reduction identifies some distinctions between micro- and macrointerventions, as well as between the uses of mass media in commercial marketing and those in health promotion. PMID- 6520011 TI - Genetics of Zoarces populations. XIII. Three loci determining isoenzymes of glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase. PMID- 6520012 TI - Studies on ribosomal DNA in cetaceans (whales). PMID- 6520013 TI - Different rates of divergence in highly repetitive DNA of cetaceans. PMID- 6520014 TI - Assignment of a gene coding for a cell surface antigen with a molecular weight of 90,000 to human chromosome 3. PMID- 6520015 TI - Inorganic lead exposure does not effect lymphocyte micronuclei in car radiator repair workers. PMID- 6520017 TI - Increased sister chromatid exchange frequency in chronic alcoholic users. PMID- 6520016 TI - A duplication within the critical fertility region of X chromosome in a mentally retarded woman with normal menarche. PMID- 6520018 TI - Clinical nutrition: where do we stand? A view from Brazil. PMID- 6520020 TI - Nutritional status of the social class groups. AB - There is a marked increase in mortality and morbidity with decreasing social class status so that the death rate of adult males in social class V is twice that of men in social class I. Differences in nutritional status between the social classes could account for this phenomenon. In this survey the nutritional status of 254 consecutive adult admissions to a teaching hospital was assessed by anthropometric and biochemical measurements and delayed hypersensitivity skin tests. No significant difference in nutritional status was detected between the five social class groups. There was no significant difference between the combined social class groups I and II compared with IV and V. A similar result was obtained with the same assessment of 167 fit adult individuals of comparable age and sex distribution living in the community. There is no significant difference in nutritional status between the social classes when they are well or ill and therefore the differences in mortality and morbidity in lower social classes are unlikely to be caused by inadequate nutrition. PMID- 6520019 TI - Prediction of weights in humans after overfeeding using the Payne-Dugdale model. AB - Payne & Dugdale (1977) have proposed a model for predicting body weight in humans when the individual lean : fat tissue deposition ratio, energy intake +/- s.d. and energy expenditure +/- s.d. are known. The model was tested in 8 individuals, whose actual weights, energy intakes and expenditures (with their standard deviations) for a normal period, a semi-starvation period and an overfeeding period of 2 weeks were known or estimated. With the model, the lean : fat tissue deposition ratio for each person was calculated from the data of the semi starvation period. From this ratio the model was able to predict a body weight equal to the one observed for the normal period. For the overeating period, the model predicted body weights which were considerably higher than the ones observed. Some explanations for this phenomenon are discussed. PMID- 6520022 TI - Electron-microscope cytochemistry of acetylcholine-like cation by means of low temperature "ionic fixation". AB - A fresh preparation of frog neuromuscle was fixed at low temperatures (0 degree-4 degrees C) by means of an "ionic-fixation" procedure which is based on the precipitation of quaternary ammonium cations, such as choline and acetylcholine, with molybdic or tungstic heteropolyanions. A low temperature was used to slow down drastically the biological processus of vesicular exocytosis so that ionic fixation, the speed of which is only slightly influenced by temperature variation, could be performed efficiently. In addition to the conventional point like precipitate in the synaptic vesicle which is considered to be vesicular acetylcholine, numerous spot-like precipitates were observed in the synaptic cleft. Most of these were contiguous to the active zone, and some were in a paired form and corresponded to the double rows of the synaptic vesicles in contact with active zones. It is concluded that these spot-like precipitates were acetylcholine-like cations of the synaptic vesicles which had been discharged into the synaptic cleft by exocytosis and captured by the ionic fixation procedure. The results are discussed in relation to the vesicular and non vesicular hypothesis of acetylcholine release. PMID- 6520021 TI - Whole-cell-mount cytochemistry by the colloidal gold labeling method. Combined transmission and scanning electron microscopic study of ConA binding sites in mouse macrophages. AB - Binding, redistribution, and endocytosis of colloidal gold (CG)-labeled concanavalin A (ConA) were studied by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Mouse peritoneal macrophages were cultured on Formvar-coated platinum grids. Either fixed or unfixed cells were labeled by the indirect ConA-CG labeling method. Specimens were critical-point-dried and observed by TEM and SEM in the same region. Surface-bound ConA-CG was easily seen by SEM. Stereomicroscopic observation by TEM clearly showed the three-dimensional distribution of ConA on the cell surface as well as in the cytoplasmic vesicles and vacuoles. In the prefixed cells, CG was distributed randomly on the cell surface. When unfixed cells were labeled at 0 degree C, a similar binding pattern was observed, although the density of bound CG was decreased. When cells labeled with ConA-CG at 0 degree C were further incubated at 37 degrees C, redistribution and endocytosis of the label were seen. Endocytosed CG in the cytoplasmic vesicles and vacuoles was clearly seen by TEM. In addition, three-dimensional location and relationship with other organelles were easily observed. Combined TEM and SEM observation of CG-labeled whole-cell-mount specimens is a useful method to study the dynamics of cell-bound ligands. PMID- 6520023 TI - The Giemsa-11 technique for species-specific chromosome differentiation. A simple stain modification leading to dependable direct and sequential staining procedures. AB - Oxidizing Methylene Blue and adding the reaction products to Eosin Y and Azure B makes possible a highly reliable Giemsa-11 technique for discrimination of chromosomes in hybrid cells according to their parental origin. This staining can be combined in a sequential procedure with a fluorescent banding technique allowing the exact identification of the chromosomes. PMID- 6520024 TI - Immunoelectron-microscopic localization of diffusible birch-pollen antigens in ultrathin sections using the protein-A/gold technique. AB - Pollen grains from Betula pendula were fixed in a mixture of p-formaldehyde and cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) for the precipitation of soluble pollen glycoproteins. After dehydration and embedding at low temperatures in the water soluble resin, Lowicryl K4M, ultrathin sections of the pollen grains were incubated using specific antibodies against birch-pollen extract and protein A/gold complexes. Antigen activity was found in the CPC-precipitated surface material and within the exine (bacular cavities) and the cytoplasm (except for starch grains and lipidic droplets). There was no labelling within the intine. The region of the germinal aperture also showed a very low degree of antigen activity. The control sections were almost completely free of background staining. PMID- 6520026 TI - Evaluation of a microprocessor-controlled exercise testing system. AB - We evaluated a new exercise-testing system (Beckman Horizon MMC), incorporating a microprocessor that controls the acquisition of data, corrects for time delays, applies calibration factors, ensures quality control, and presents results in a variety of formats. Precision of measurements of ventilation (VE) and mixed expired gas concentrations was high. In steady-state exercise (n = 100) VO2 was measured with a precision (+/- SD) of 66 ml/min (4.3%), (r = 0.991); there was a small (4.62%) systematic underestimation of VCO2, but precision was comparable with VO2, with SD being 67 ml/min (4.55%) (r = 0.993). Good agreement was obtained between measurements made in progressive incremental exercise in healthy subjects with correlation coefficients of 0.997 for VE, 0.995 for VO2, and 0.994 for VCO2. Agreement in patients with cardiorespiratory disorders (n = 10) was similar, except in three patients in whom a variable pattern of breathing limited strict comparisons. Comparison with a breath-by-breath analysis system (n = 5) showed that rapid changes in VE, VCO2, and VO2 were followed accurately; the half time for a change in VO2 was not systematically different between the two systems (SD, 3.34 s, r = 0.951). The incorporation of microprocessor-controlled calibration procedures, which are simple to carry out frequently, was judged to be an important feature of this system. PMID- 6520025 TI - Isoproterenol infusion promotes nitrogen washout in rats under normobaric conditions. AB - Cardiac output and the rate of N2 elimination were measured simultaneously in unanesthetized rats during isobaric desaturation with 100% O2. Whole-body N2 washout curves for the rat are characterized by three compartment half times derived by exponential stripping, representing the slow, intermediate, and fast components of the system. During saline infusion (control) the respective half times for these compartments were 120, 15, and 2 min. Isoproterenol infusion increased cardiac output by 40% and the volume of N2 eliminated by 10% over a 2-h washout. More importantly, the half time of the slowest compartment decreased from 120 to 70 min. The intermediate compartment half time shortened from 15 to 13 min, while the fast compartment was unaffected. The decrease in slow compartment half time will contribute significantly to the shortening of the duration of stay during decompression. A plot of slow compartment rate constants vs. measured cardiac output (range 280-690 ml X min-1 X kg-1) demonstrated a linear relationship between perfusion and the tissue-blood gas exchange rate. The results indicate that enhanced cardiac output and generalized vasodilation shorten the time required to desaturate the slower body tissues. Various maneuvers or drugs that demonstrate similar cardiovascular responses should be beneficial during prolonged decompression procedures involved in saturation diving. PMID- 6520027 TI - Decrease in functional residual capacity during sleep in normal humans. AB - A decrease in functional residual capacity (FRC) during sleep could result in worsening of ventilation distribution contributing to sleep hypoxemia. Therefore the purpose of this study was to determine whether FRC does decrease and to what extent it decreases in normal humans during sleep. Using helium dilution in a closed system we measured FRC in 10 healthy males during wakefulness, stage 2, stages 3-4, and rapid-eye-movement (REM) sleep. Mean FRC decreased from 3.14 +/- 0.01 (SE) liters during wakefulness to 2.95 +/- 0.01 liters in stage 2 sleep. Lowest sleep values were 2.86 +/- 0.01 liters in stages 3-4 and 2.83 +/- 0.01 liters in REM sleep (P less than 0.05 from wakefulness). Although the amount of the decrease in FRC identified during sleep was surely not large enough to impair ventilation distribution in normal humans, this degree of decrease might contribute to the hypoxemia seen in patients with severe airflow limitation. PMID- 6520028 TI - Quantification of damage by air emboli to lung microvessels in anesthetized sheep. AB - We studied the ultrastructural damage caused by venous air embolization in anesthetized sheep by morphological techniques after monitoring hemodynamics and lymph dynamics. Lung lymph flow and protein flux increased during 1 and 4 h of venous air embolization, results consistent with increased microvascular permeability. Histologically, the air emboli were restricted to the small pulmonary arterial vessels (1,000 to 100 micron in diam). Neutrophils accumulated around the air bubbles and formed intravascular clumps. Ultrastructurally, at the air embolus-blood interface, neutrophils appeared attached to a layer a proteinaceous material. Many neutrophils were in close contact with the pulmonary arterial endothelial cells. We found gaps (0.1-3 micron in width) between the endothelial cells of the pulmonary arterial microvessels. Beneath these gaps the basal lamina was disrupted. Other vessel types were unaffected. Some lymphocytes were seen near the air bubbles and the endothelial cell gaps. Platelets remained discoid, and fibrin clots were not observed. These results indicate that venous air embolization in sheep damages the pulmonary arterial microvessels. Neutrophils are closely associated to both the air emboli and the endothelial cell gaps. PMID- 6520029 TI - Effects of age on metabolic responses to endurance training in rats. AB - The purpose of this investigation was to determine the age-related metabolic responses to chronic exercise. Female Fischer 344 rats 3, 12, and 24 mo of age were trained for 8 wks by treadmill running at 75% of their maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max). Values of VO2max were 74.5 +/- 3.1, 63.3 +/- 3.9, and 54.6 +/- 2.3 ml X kg-1 X min-1 in the untrained 3-, 12-, and 24-mo groups, respectively. In response to training, VO2max increased significantly (P less than 0.05) by 11.9, 18.6, and 20.4% in the three groups. The 24-mo animals also demonstrated the greatest improvement in the treadmill speed eliciting VO2max (71%) when compared with the 12-mo (64%) and 3-mo (57%) age groups. While large increases in endurance times were recorded for all trained groups (456, 806, and 324% in 3, 12, and 24 mo, respectively) relative to the controls, the older animals exhibited a diminished response, comparatively. Body weights did not differ between the trained (Tr) and sedentary controls for 3- and 12-mo animals, but the 24-mo Tr rats demonstrated a more rapid decline in body weight with age than did the age-matched controls. While no differences in absolute or relative heart weights existed for the 3- and 12-mo groups with training, both of these parameters in the 24-mo Tr animals were significantly greater than sedentary controls. It was concluded that compared with younger animals the 24-mo group demonstrated a similar relative adaptation to training in terms of aerobic power but a diminished response comparatively in endurance capacity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6520030 TI - Effect of temperature and baroreceptor stimulation on reflex venomotor responses. AB - To investigate the interaction of thermal reflexes and baroreflexes in the control of the peripheral veins, we studied in supine humans the effects of lower body negative pressure (LBNP) and neck suction (NS) on forearm veins at ambient temperatures (Ta) of 18, 28, and 37 degrees C. Forearm venous volume (FVV)-venous pressure (FVP) relations (forearm venous capacitance) on six subjects showed an increase from 18 through 28 to 37 degrees C (P less than 0.001). Heart rate increased (P less than 0.001) and forearm venous capacitance decreased (P less than 0.001) in proportion to the level of LBNP applied from 20 to 50 Torr at all Ta. At 50 Torr LBNP, FVV at 30 cmH2O, FVP decreased from control values of 2.5, 3.8, and 4.4 to 1.6, 2.7, and 3.4 ml/100 ml at 18, 28, and 37 degrees C, respectively. We also studied venomotor responses using the occluded limb technique. Although LBNP caused venoconstriction, NS applied either alone or during LBNP produced no change in venomotor tone. Therefore we concluded that carotid baroreceptors play little role in reflex venomotor adjustments. Since changes in mean arterial and pulse pressures during LBNP did not account for the observed venomotor responses, we concluded that low-pressure baroreceptors initiate significant venoconstrictor reflexes over a wide range of Ta. PMID- 6520032 TI - Muscle fiber number in biceps brachii in bodybuilders and control subjects. AB - Muscle fiber numbers were estimated in vivo in biceps brachii in 5 elite male bodybuilders, 7 intermediate caliber bodybuilders, and 13 age-matched controls. Mean fiber area and collagen volume density were calculated from needle biopsies and muscle cross-sectional area by computerized tomographic scanning. Contralateral measurements in a subsample of seven subjects indicated the method for estimation of fiber numbers to have adequate reliability. There was a wide interindividual range for fiber numbers in biceps (172,085-418,884), but despite large differences in muscle size both bodybuilder groups possessed the same number of muscle fibers as the group of untrained controls. Although there was a high correlation between average cross-sectional fiber area and total muscle cross-sectional area within each group, many of the subjects with the largest muscles also tended to have a large number of fibers. Since there were equally well-trained subjects with fewer than normal fiber numbers, we interpret this finding to be due to genetic endowment rather than to training-induced hyperplasia. The proportion of muscle comprised of connective and other noncontractile tissue was the same for all subjects (approximately 13%), thus indicating greater absolute amounts of connective tissue in the trained subjects. We conclude that in humans, heavy resistance training directed toward achieving maximum size in skeletal muscle does not result in an increase in fiber numbers. PMID- 6520031 TI - Regional interdependence in calf lungs. AB - We measured K, an index of interdependence in sublobar segments of both intact and excised calf lungs. In excised and intact lungs, segment volume was held constant while the lung was inflated. K in excised lungs was of small magnitude but was greater in caudal than in cranial and middle lobes. When isolated segments in a variety of regions and with a variety of shapes were studied, K was positively correlated with the interface area between the segment and the remainder of the lung, was negatively correlated with the pleural surface area of the segment, but was not correlated with segment volume. In a given region of lung, however, small segments had a greater interdependence than large segments. In intact lungs of anesthetized calves, K was an order of magnitude greater than in excised lungs, confirming that the chest wall is the major determinant of interdependence. There were no lobar differences in K in intact lungs. PMID- 6520033 TI - Antagonism by taurine of pressure-induced tremor in the guinea pig. AB - The tremorogenic effect of high pressure was antagonized in guinea pigs by intravenous treatment with taurine in doses of 250 and 500 mg/kg. Also pretreatment with 250 mg/kg taurine suppressed tremor development as evidenced by increased threshold and decreased amplitude. It is hypothesized that antagonism of pressure-induced tremor by taurine may be related to changes in membrane calcium transport. PMID- 6520034 TI - Effect of lymphatic cannula outflow height on lung microvascular permeability estimations. AB - Estimates of the pulmonary microvascular membrane reflection coefficient (sigma) and permeability-surface area product (PS) are frequently made with the assumption that a percent change in transmicrovascular fluid flux (Jv) will be represented by an equal percent change in the lymph flow rate (QL) from a single cannulated lung lymph vessel. To test this, we measured QL in seven anesthetized dogs with the outflow end of the lymph cannula set at several heights (H) above and below the lung hilus. The left atrial pressure was then elevated to increase Jv, and QL was again measured at several H's. The percent increase in QL at elevated left atrial pressure depended on H. We used the QL data and lymph and plasma protein concentrations to estimate sigma and PS with a modified form of the Kedem and Katchalsky equations. The calculated values varied considerably with H. Our results indicate that changes in Jv are not represented by equal changes in QL. Therefore, techniques for estimating permeability that depend upon QL as an estimate of Jv may lead to erroneous estimates of sigma and PS. PMID- 6520035 TI - Cardiopulmonary reflexes and blood pressure in exercising sinoaortic-denervated dogs. AB - To examine the role of cardiopulmonary receptors in arterial blood pressure regulation during and after exercise, conscious dogs with chronic sinoaortic denervation were subjected to 12 min of light exercise and 12 min of exercise that increased in severity every 3 min. Hemodynamic measurements were made before and after interruption of cardiopulmonary afferents by bilateral cervical vagotomy. During both exercise protocols, after an initial transient decrease, the arterial blood pressure remained close to resting values before and after vagotomy. On cessation of the graded exercise, the arterial blood pressure did not change before, but a rapid and sustained increase in pressure occurred after vagotomy. At the time of this increase the cardiac output and heart rate were returning rapidly to the resting level. The study demonstrates that in the chronic absence of arterial baroreflexes, vagal afferents prevent a rise in arterial blood pressure after vigorous exercise presumably by the action of cardiopulmonary receptors causing a rapid dilatation of systemic resistance vessels. PMID- 6520036 TI - Contribution of tree structures in the lung to lung elastic recoil. AB - The direct contribution of forces in tree structures in the lung to lung recoil pressure and changes in recoil pressure induced by alterations of the forces are analyzed. The analysis distinguishes the contributions of axial and circumferential tensions in the trees and indicates that only axial tensions directly contribute to static recoil. This contribution is derived from analysis of the axial forces transmitted across a random plane transecting the lung. The change in recoil pressure induced by changes in axial tension is similarly derived. Alterations of circumferential tensions in the trees indirectly change recoil by causing nonuniform deformations of the surrounding lung parenchyma, and a continuum elasticity solution for the stress induced by the deformations is derived. Sample calculations are presented for the airway tree based on available data on airway morphometric and mechanical properties. The increase in recoil pressure accompanying increases in axial and circumferential tensions with contraction of airway smooth muscle is also analyzed. The calculations indicate that axial stresses in the airway tree out to bronchioles directly contribute only a small fraction of the static recoil pressure. However, it is found that contraction of smooth muscle in these airways can increase recoil pressure appreciably (10-20%), mainly by the deformation of the parenchyma with increases in circumferential tension in smaller airways. The results indicate that the geometric and mechanical properties of the airway tree are such that only peripheral elements of the tree can substantially affect the elastic properties of the lung. The possible contributions of vascular trees for which data on mechanical and morphometric properties are more limited are also discussed. PMID- 6520037 TI - A morphometric study of the carotid body in chronically hypoxic rats. AB - We performed morphometric studies of carotid body in acutely and chronically hypoxic rats (inspired PO2 = 70 Torr, at sea level). Acute exposure was for the duration of about 10 min, and chronic exposure lasted for 28 days. We confirmed that the total volume of the organ increased by severalfold. At the light microscopy level we found an enlargement of the volume density of the blood sinuses from 14 to 31% due to chronic hypoxia. The morphometric hematocrit increased from 39 to 70% paralleling changes in the conventionally measured venous hematocrit. These data do not show any specific plasma skimming in the carotid body blood vessels. With the electron microscope we found that the mean average volume of type I cells increased from 320 micron3 in controls to 1,120 micron3 in the chronically hypoxic rats without hyperplasia, whereas type II cells had increased in number without alteration in size. Qualitative observations revealed that the normal appearance of clusters of ovoid type I cells interspersed by capillaries had been transformed into a pattern of individual cells forming plates between expanded blood vessels with a large increase of contact area between the cells and vessels. Type II cells appeared to have proliferated without changes in individual size to cover the enlarged periphery of type I cells. The observed structural changes in the carotid body parenchyma and vasculature appear to be physiologically adaptive and provide further support for the idea that various elements in the organ are particularly sensitive to hypoxia. PMID- 6520038 TI - Frequency dependence of pulmonary compliance and resistance in patients with obstructive lung disease. AB - The frequency dependence of pulmonary compliance and resistance was investigated in 27 patients with obstructive lung disease. Compliance and resistance were determined either by the conventional zero crossing (Cdyn) and isovolume (RL) technique or by a modified Fourier analysis following a smoothing procedure (auto and cross-correlation function) yielding an effective compliance and resistance, CL and RL. The latter technique was used to calculate CL and RL from the fundamental and third and fourth harmonics present in the flow and transpulmonary pressure signals. Three breathing frequencies were investigated: 0.5, 1, and 2 Hz. Both Cdyn and CL, calculated from the fundamental component, decreased progressively with frequency. However, Cdyn showed less frequency dependence than CL. CL calculated from the harmonics was significantly smaller than CL from the fundamental at the same breathing frequency. RL, as well as RL calculated from the fundamental, tended to increase with frequency. A decline of resistance with frequency became apparent, however, when RL from the fundamental was compared with RL obtained from the corresponding higher order harmonics. These results suggest that the frequency dependence of resistance can be masked by the usual procedure of breathing at several frequencies. Instead the measurements should be performed at a single frequency, for instance spontaneous breathing, by computing resistance from the higher order harmonics present in the breathing signals. PMID- 6520039 TI - Pulmonary resistance and compliance by auto- and cross-correlation functions of transpulmonary pressure and flow. AB - A technique is described on how to calculate the pulmonary resistance and compliance from the higher order harmonics present in mouth flow and transpulmonary pressure signals during spontaneous breathing. The estimates of resistance and compliance (or rather reactance) obtained from these harmonics following a conventional Fourier transform are not reliable because of a lack of reproducibility. This is obviated by a preliminary smoothing of the signals by means of auto- and cross-correlation functions. Both the conventional and the modified technique yield identical results for the fundamental component of breathing. PMID- 6520040 TI - Blood lactate disappearance at various intensities of recovery exercise. AB - Numerous studies have reported that following intense exercise the rate of blood lactate (La) disappearance is greater during continuous aerobic work than during passive recovery. Recent work indicates that a combination of high- and low intensity work may be optimal in reducing blood La. We tested this hypothesis by measuring the changes in blood La levels following maximal exercise during four different recovery patterns. Immediately following 50 S of maximal work, subjects (n = 7) performed one of the following recovery treatments for 40 min: 1) passive recovery (PR); 2) cycling at 35% maximal O2 uptake (VO2 max) (35% R); 3) cycling at 65% VO2 max (65% R); 4) cycling at 65% for 7 min followed by cycling at 35% for 33 min (CR). The treatment order was counterbalanced with each subject performing all treatments. Serial blood samples were obtained throughout recovery treatments and analyzed for La. The rate of blood La disappearance was significantly greater (P less than 0.05) in both the 35% R and CR when compared with either the 65% R or PR. No significant difference (P greater than 0.05) existed in the rate of blood La disappearance between the 35% R and CR. These data do not support the hypothesis that exercise recovery at a combination of intensities is superior to a recovery involving continuous submaximal exercise in lowering blood La following maximal work. PMID- 6520042 TI - Related and unrelated changes in response to exercise and cold in rats: a reevaluation. AB - Groups of rats were subjected to various treatments: continuous exposure to cold (5 degrees C); exercise by running; intermittent cold exposure, -20 degrees C daily for 60 min; and in some experiments combined influence of cold acclimation and exercise for at least 6 wk. The resulting adaptive changes can be grouped in three different categories. Cold-specific changes included increased food intake, an increase in both mass and metabolic activity of brown adipose tissue leading to an increased capacity for nonshivering thermogenesis, and maintenance of the stores of ascorbic acid and muscle glycogen during cold exposure. These changes were associated with an improved resistance to cold with which the rats were able to maintain their body temperature in both cold air and water were typical of rats previously exposed to cold. Training-specific changes typically included increased activities of aerobic muscle enzymes and decreased activity of lactate dehydrogenase and a higher O2 uptake and shivering activity during cold exposure as compared with sedentary control rats. These changes were observed for trained rats only and were not associated with an improved resistance to cold. Other adaptive changes were found, to a variable extent, for all treated rat groups. These included cardiac hypertrophy, reduced urinary catecholamine excretion during and after stress situations, increased tail skin temperature response to isoproterenol, and a higher tail skin temperature during exposure to cold. There were no systematic differences between groups in changes of blood glucose, glycerol, or lactate concentrations during cold exposure.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6520041 TI - Atrophy and growth failure of rat hindlimb muscles in tail-cast suspension. AB - Atrophy and growth failure of muscle in a tail-cast suspension model were evaluated in hindlimbs of female Sprague-Dawley rats. Based on measurements of food consumption, animal growth rate, urinary excretion of urea and ammonia, and muscle size, 6 days seemed to be the optimum duration of suspension for studying muscle unloading. After 6 days, the soleus, plantaris, and gastrocnemius muscles from suspended animals were 27, 10, and 11% smaller (P less than 0.05), respectively, than those from tail-casted weight-bearing animals. The extensor digitorum longus and tibialis anterior muscles were unaffected by suspension (less than or equal to 6 days) while the triceps brachii hypertrophied (8%, P less than 0.05). Wet weight-to-dry weight ratios were smaller in the plantaris ( 0.19, P less than 0.05) and gastrocnemius (-0.19, P less than 0.05) muscles from suspended rats. In the plantaris, this difference coincided with a higher protein concentration (+12 mg/g, P less than 0.001). In vitro measurements of protein metabolism in the soleus muscles of suspended rats showed both slower protein synthesis (P less than 0.05) and faster protein degradation (P less than 0.05), whereas these processes were unaltered in the extensor digitorum longus muscles. PMID- 6520043 TI - Direct effects of nitroprusside do not alter gas exchange in canine oleic acid edema. AB - The authors investigated why intrapulmonary shunt (QS/QT) increases with sodium nitroprusside (SNP) in canine oleic acid pulmonary edema. To determine the effects of flow alone on QS/QT, a peripheral arteriovenous fistula with a variable resistor was employed to increase cardiac output (Q) 26 and 52% above base line in a stepwise fashion (P less than 0.01). To examine the direct effects of SNP, distinct from changes in flow, the drug was given to produce matched increments in Q in each dog (P less than 0.01). To control for time, base-line measurements were obtained before and after each intervention, the sequence of which was alternated. At each increment in Q, SNP and the arteriovenous fistula increased QS/QT a similar amount. The mixed venous O2 tension (P-vO2) followed Q similarly in each group. Pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) fell more (P less than 0.01) with SNP than with the arteriovenous fistula at identical Q and P-vO2. The authors conclude that, in this model, a direct pharmacological effect of SNP does not contribute to the deterioration in QS/QT. In fact, SNP exerts a pulmonary vasoactive effect that does not adversely affect gas exchange. PMID- 6520044 TI - Canine gastrocnemius disuse atrophy: resistance to paralysis by dimethyl tubocurarine. AB - Ten dogs developed unilateral gastrocnemius disuse atrophy after unilateral hindlimb immobilization in a cast for 25 days. Dose-response curves to dimethyl tubocurarine (MTC) were determined during anesthesia with pentobarbital sodium N2O. Bolus and continuous infusion increments of MTC every 30 min provided steady state blood levels at each stage of paralysis. Both gastrocnemius tendons were sectioned and attached to transducers. Both sciatic nerves were stimulated every 30 min: 2 Hz for 2 s, a 15-s pause, 50 Hz for 2 s. Dose-response curves, computer calculated by nonlinear regression using a sigmoid maximal effect model of the Hill equation, were parallel for the data relating blocking of tetanus to dose of MTC. The 50% paralyzing dose (tetanus) for control vs. casted gastrocnemius muscle was 64 vs. 813 mg/kg; corresponding plasma concentrations were 0.12 vs. 2.0 micrograms/ml. Thus in vivo simultaneous tension measurements of both gastrocnemius muscles, one casted and one uncasted, demonstrated resistance to paralysis by MTC in muscle with disuse atrophy. PMID- 6520045 TI - Hypoxemia increases plasma catecholamine concentrations in exercising humans. AB - To determine whether plasma catecholamine concentrations (a measure of sympathetic nervous activity [SNA]) rise above normoxic levels during exercise with hypoxemia, we exercised seven men for 15 min at three loads that required from 40 to 88% of maximal O2 uptake (VO2max). Subjects breathed room air on one day and 11-12% O2 on another with relative work loads corrected for the 24% fall in VO2max during hypoxemia. Hypoxemia caused large increments in norepinephrine (NE) concentration (radioenzyme technique) to 1.21 +/- 0.20 ng/ml (mean +/- SE), 2.79 +/- 0.38, and up to 5.90 +/- 0.75 (hypoxemia) compared with 0.89 +/- 0.06, 1.66 +/- 0.16, and 3.95 +/- 0.39 in normoxia at the three loads, respectively (P less than 0.001). Epinephrine (E) concentration approximately doubled (P less than 0.001) in hypoxemia at each load when compared with normoxic levels (i.e., 0.10 +/- 0.01 ng/ml, 0.23 +/- 0.03, and 0.46 +/- 0.06 in normoxia). However, hypoxemia did not significantly alter linear relationships between log plasma NE concentration and either heart rate (HR) or percent VO2max utilized, or between HR and percent VO2max. Thus NE concentration, like HR, appeared to reflect relative severity of exercise and overall SNA in both hypoxemia and normoxia. Above 40% VO2max during hypoxemia, circulating NE and E far exceeded levels known to have direct vasoconstrictor and metabolic effects in normoxic humans, but hypoxemia may blunt vasoconstriction in some regions. PMID- 6520046 TI - Pulmonary interstitial compartments and tissue resistance to fluid flux. AB - We have produced interstitial fluid exchange in six isolated plasma-perfused canine lobes by introducing small increases in microvascular hydrostatic pressure. We measured early fast fluid exchange with a colorimetric technique and used weight changes to follow slow exchange. The observed biphasic time course suggested fluid flux across the microvascular membrane into two interstitial compartments in series (perimicrovascular and central). We related the initial rate of fluid flux into each compartment to the applied hydrostatic pressure change to obtain membrane (Kf1) and tissue conductances (Kf2) and to the exchanged volume to determine perimicrovascular (C1) and central (C2) interstitial compliances. C2 (0.25 +/- 0.193) was twice C1 (0.10 +/- 0.031 ml X cmH2O-1 X g DW-1, where DW represents dry weight. C2 increased significantly with hydration (C2 = 0.06 X WW/DW - 0.15) ml X cmH2O-1 X g DW-1 (WW/DW, wet-to-dry weight ratio), whereas C1 did not. Kf1 (0.26 +/- 0.17) was one order of magnitude larger than Kf2 (0.027 +/- 0.014 ml X min-1 X cmH2O-1 X g DW-1). Kf2 increased with hydration (Kf2 = 0.005 X WW/DW - 0.007) ml X min-1 X cmH2O-1 X g DW-1, whereas Kf1 did not. Our data point to the tissues and not the microvascular membranes as the major rate-limiting structure. Our data suggest an interstitium composed of a smaller rigid perimicrovascular space which communicates to a larger looser downstream space by a high-resistance pathway. As hydration increases, fluid accumulation becomes easier because tissue resistance to fluid flux drops and the compliance of the downstream compartment doubles. PMID- 6520047 TI - Right and left ventricular pressure-volume response to respiratory maneuvers. AB - With respiration, right ventricular end-diastolic volume fluctuates. We examined the importance of these right ventricular volume changes on left ventricular function. In six mongrel dogs, right and left ventricular volumes and pressures and esophageal pressure were simultaneously measured during normal respiration, Valsalva maneuver, and Mueller maneuver. The right and left ventricular volumes were calculated from cineradiographic positions of endocardial radiopaque markers. Increases in right ventricular volume were associated with changes in the left ventricular (LV) pressure-volume relationship. With normal respiration, right ventricular end-diastolic volume increased 2.3 +/- 0.7 ml during inspiration, LV transmural diastolic pressure was unchanged, and LV diastolic volume decreased slightly. This effect was accentuated by the Mueller maneuver; right ventricular end-diastolic volume increased 10.4 +/- 2.3 ml (P less than 0.05), while left ventricular end-diastolic pressure increased 3.6 mmHg (P less than 0.05) without a significant change in left ventricular end-diastolic volume. Conversely, with a Valsalva maneuver, right ventricular volume decreased 6.5 +/- 1.2 ml (P less than 0.05), and left ventricular end-diastolic pressure decreased 2.2 +/- 0.5 mmHg (P less than 0.05) despite an unchanged left ventricular end diastolic volume. These changes in the left ventricular pressure-volume relationship, secondary to changes in right ventricular volumes, are probably due to ventricular interdependence. Ventricular interdependence may also be an additional factor for the decrease in left ventricular stroke volume during inspiration. PMID- 6520048 TI - Influence of endothelial volume on kinetics of reacting indicators in the lung. AB - The purpose of this work is to show mathematically the relationship between the classical maximum velocity of reaction, Vmax, for enzyme kinetics and an analogous parameter, Vmax, derived by Linehan and Dawson (J. Appl. Physiol.: Respirat. Environ. Exercise Physiol. 47:404-411, 1979) for the analysis of tracers which disappear by saturation kinetics from the lung circulation during the passage of indicators after bolus injection. Rederivation of the original equation for the combination of flow and reaction in a capillary showed that Vmax is equal to the product of enzyme Vmax and the volume of endothelium, Ve, in which the enzyme resides. This implies that Vmax interpreted from multiple indicator curves in the lung by the Linehan-Dawson method is a combination of an enzyme characteristic Vmax and a measure of functioning capillary surface during passage, Ve. Lung injury could change Vmax, functioning surface (Ve), or both. PMID- 6520049 TI - Effect of a single breath of 100% oxygen on respiration in neonates during sleep. AB - To determine the effect of a single breath of 100% O2 on ventilation, 10 full term [body wt 3,360 +/- 110 (SE) g, gestational age 39 +/- 0.4 wk, postnatal age 3 +/- 0.6 days] and 10 preterm neonates (body wt 2,020 +/- 60 g, gestational age 34 +/- 2 wk, postnatal age 9 +/- 2 days) were studied during active and quiet sleep states. The single-breath method was used to measure peripheral chemoreceptor response. To enhance response and standardize the control period for all infants, fractional inspired O2 concentration was adjusted to 16 +/- 0.6% for a control O2 saturation of 83 +/- 1%. After 1 min of control in each sleep state, each infant was given a single breath of O2 followed by 21% O2. Minute ventilation (VE), tidal volume (VT), breathing frequency (f), alveolar O2 and CO2 tension, O2 saturation (ear oximeter), and transcutaneous O2 tension were measured. VE always decreased with inhalation of O2 (P less than 0.01). In quiet sleep, the decrease in VE was less in full-term (14%) than in preterm (40%) infants (P less than 0.001). Decrease in VE was due primarily to a drop in VT in full-term infants as opposed to a fall in f and VT in preterm infants (P less than 0.05). Apnea, as part of the response, was more prevalent in preterm than in full-term infants. In active sleep the decrease in VE was similar both among full term (19%) and preterm (21%) infants (P greater than 0.5). These results suggest greater peripheral chemoreceptor response in preterm than in full-term infants, reflected by a more pronounced decrease in VE with O2. The results are compatible with a more powerful peripheral chemoreceptor contribution to breathing in preterm than in full-term infants. PMID- 6520050 TI - Neural control of relaxation in cat airways smooth muscle. AB - Functional innervation of cat airways smooth muscle was examined in isolated segments of trachea and bronchi using electrical field stimulation (EFS) techniques. Field stimulation caused contraction in tissues at resting tone and biphasic responses (contraction followed by relaxation) in tissues precontracted with 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT). Contractions were abolished by 10(-6) M atropine. Inhibitory responses were dependent on impulse voltage, duration, and frequency. At low voltages (less than or equal to 10 V) and pulse durations (less than or equal to 0.3 ms), EFS induced relaxations were abolished by 3 X 10(-6) M tetrodotoxin (TTX). Greater stimulus parameters elicited TTX-resistant relaxations. Pretreatment of the tissues with 10(-6) M propranolol and 10(-5) M guanethidine caused rightward shifts in relaxation frequency-response curves. These findings indicate that cat airways are innervated by excitatory cholinergic, inhibitory adrenergic, and inhibitory nonadrenergic noncholinergic (NANC) nerves. Pretreatment of the tissues with hexamethonium, cimetidine, indomethacin, or nordihydroguaiaretic acid did not affect NANC relaxation responses. It is concluded that NANC inhibitory responses in cat airway smooth muscle are mediated through intrinsic postganglionic nerve fibers and occur independently of histamine H2-receptor activation and without involvement of cyclooxygenase or lipoxygenase products of arachidonic acid metabolism. PMID- 6520051 TI - VO2 kinetics of constant-load exercise following bed-rest-induced deconditioning. AB - The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of bed-rest-induced deconditioning on changes in O2 uptake (VO2) kinetics, O2 deficit, steady-state VO2, and recovery VO2 during the performance of constant-load exercise. Five male subjects (36-40 yr) underwent 7 days of continuous bed rest (BR) in the head-down (-6 degrees) position. Two days before (pre) and the day after (post) BR each subject performed one submaximal exercise test in the supine and one in the upright position consisting of 5 min of rest, 5 min of cycle ergometer exercise at 700 kg.m/min, and 10 min of recovery from exercise. VO2 was measured continuously in all tests from 2-liter aliquot gas samples collected every 30 s. Following BR steady-state VO2 was unchanged in supine and upright exercise. In the supine position BR did not change total exercise VO2, O2 deficit, or total recovery VO2. However, compared with pre-BR, total exercise VO2 decreased (P less than 0.05) from 7.41 +/- 0.11 to 7.23 +/- 0.17 liters, O2 deficit increased (P less than 0.05) from 1.15 +/- 0.05 to 1.41 +/- 0.07 liters, and total recovery VO2 increased (P less than 0.05) from 5.17 +/- 0.11 to 5.47 +/- 0.17 liters during the post-BR upright test. Despite the ability to attain similar steady state VO2 within 5 min, bed-rest-induced deconditioning resulted in a reduction of total VO2 capacity and an increase in the O2 deficit during submaximal constant-load exercise. This change in VO2 kinetics is found only with exercise in the upright rather than supine position implicating orthostatic mechanisms in the delayed response to submaximal exercise. PMID- 6520052 TI - Effect of pH on metabolic and cardiorespiratory responses during progressive exercise. AB - Six healthy male subjects performed three exercise tests in which the power output was increased by 100 kpm/min each minute until exhaustion. The studies were carried out after oral administration of CaCO3 (control), NH4Cl (metabolic acidosis), and NaHCO3 (metabolic alkalosis). Ventilation (VE), O2 intake (VO2), and CO2 output (VCO2) were monitored continuously. Arterialized-venous blood samples were drawn at specific times and analyzed for pH, PCO2, and lactate concentration. Resting pH (mean +/- SE) was lowest in acidosis (7.29 +/- 0.01) and highest in alkalosis (7.46 +/- 0.02). A lower peak power output (kpm/min) was achieved in acidosis (1,717 +/- 95) compared with control (1,867 +/- 120) alkalosis (1,867 +/- 125). Submaximal VO2 and VCO2 were similar, but peak VO2 and VCO2 were lower in acidosis. Plasma lactate concentration was lower at rest and during exercise in acidosis. Although lactate accumulation was reduced in acidosis, increases in hydrogen ion concentration were similar in the three conditions. We conclude that acid-base changes influence the maximum power output that may be sustained in incremental dynamic exercise and modify plasma lactate appearance, but have little effect on hydrogen ion appearance in plasma. PMID- 6520053 TI - Sleep-waking pattern and body temperature in hypoxia at selected ambient temperatures. AB - We studied the effect of mild hypoxia (15% O2) and low ambient temperature (Ta = 15 degrees C) on the rat's sleep-waking pattern (SWP) and maximum-minimum core temperature (max-min Tb). Mild hypoxia at neutral Ta (29 degrees C) disrupted the SWP in the same way as low Ta during normoxia: both affected the pattern of frequency of state changes (P less than 0.01), not the pattern of epoch durations. Mild hypoxia and low Ta together caused a degree of disruption of the SWP which was the sum of each alone, i.e., additive. Although both mild hypoxia and low Ta significantly depressed max-min Tb, low Ta exerted a greater effect than mild hypoxia. Together they further depressed max-min Tb in an additive way. We conclude that mild hypoxia disrupts the rat's SWP independent of central thermoregulatory mechanisms at neutral Ta, that the effects of mild hypoxia and low Ta on the SWP are additive at the stimulus levels used, and that Ta, not inspired O2, determines Tb. PMID- 6520054 TI - Dynamic lung function in dogs with compensatory lung growth. AB - Nine puppies underwent left pneumonectomy at 10 wk of age while nine sex-matched littermates had a sham operation, and all animals were studied at 25 wk of age. Postpneumonectomy dogs demonstrated compensatory growth in that lung weight and total lung capacity (TLC) were the same as those of control animals when normalized for body weight. In postpneumonectomy dogs all lobes of the remaining right lung increased in weight, but this was most notable in the cardiac lobe which grew across the mediastinum. Subdivisions of lung volume were normal in postpneumonectomy animals except for residual volume (RV): RV/TLC was increased when compared with control animals. In intact dogs static pressure-volume curves of the lung and respiratory system did not differ between groups, and the static pressure-volume curves of excised lungs were closely similar. Maximum expiratory flow was sharply reduced in postpneumonectomy dogs, averaging 40% of flow in control dogs over the lower 50% of the vital capacity. In both groups the fractional increase in maximal expiratory flow during HeO2 breathing was substantial and similar. Regional compliances, resistances, and perfusion distribution were examined using 133Xe. Regional compliance and perfusion were reduced in the left hemithorax of postpneumonectomy dogs while regional resistances were increased. PMID- 6520055 TI - Weight loss and changes in body composition at high altitude. AB - Little is known about weight loss and changes in body composition at extreme altitude. As part of the American Medical Research Expedition to Everest in 1981 we measured body weight, body fat, limb circumferences, dietary intake, 72-h stool fats, and 5-h urine xylose excretion at various altitudes on Caucasian and Sherpa expedition members. In Caucasians, loss of body fat accounted for 70.5% of the mean 1.9-kg weight loss during the approach march at moderate altitude but for only 27.2% of the mean 4.0-kg weight loss during residence above 5,400 m. There was a significant proportionate decrease in arm and leg circumferences during residence above 5,400 m (1.5 and 2.9 cm, respectively). On the other hand, Sherpas, who arrived in Base Camp with half as much body fat as members (9.1% vs. 18.4%), maintained weight and limb circumferences during residence above 5,400 m. Fat absorption decreased 48.5% in three subjects, and xylose excretion decreased 24.3% in six of seven subjects at 6,300 m relative to sea level. It appears that muscle catabolism and malabsorption contribute significantly to weight loss at high altitude. High percent body fat does not protect against loss of muscle tissue. Sherpas do not appear susceptible to some of the changes affecting Caucasians. PMID- 6520056 TI - A technique to locate the pacemaker in smooth muscles. AB - A technique was developed to locate the site of slow-wave origin (pacemaker) in a sheet of smooth muscle tissue. Evoked slow waves were used to measure conduction velocities in the two dimensions of sheets of smooth muscle. These conduction velocities were used to "triangulate" to the pacemaker site by an iterative minimization process. The model was tested by triangulating to events evoked from known regions within sheets of canine gastric muscle. The technique was used to determine the sites of origin of spontaneous slow waves and the shift in the spontaneous pacemaker caused by localized injury. This technique will be useful in locating pacemaker regions and to study the factors that affect the origin and frequency of slow waves in syncytial tissues. The triangulation technique should be applicable to intact organs as well as isolated sheets of muscle. PMID- 6520057 TI - A low-cost modular oxygen-consumption device for small animals. AB - This paper describes a simple apparatus enabling the O2 consumption of small animals to be monitored. The system consists of a sensitive solid-state pressure transducer linked via a relay to a small peristaltic pump. While the animal breathes air in its closed chamber the CO2 expired is removed by an absorber; hence the pressure falls. The signal is sensed by the transducer triggering the pump to deliver a set volume of O2 to the chamber. The number of pump operations per unit time necessary to keep the system equilibrated is a measure of the O2 consumption rate. Each device is built as a module, up to four being mounted in one assembly controlled by a microcomputer. A balance control, priming switch, pump-volume setting, and electromagnetic counter are built into each front panel. Calibration is achieved be removing a known volume of air from the system with no animal present and counting the number of operations to return the chamber to equilibrium. PMID- 6520058 TI - A technique for long-term venous cannulation in rats. AB - We require repeated blood samples from rats over long periods in our studies on obese hyperlipemic animals and normal controls. Under our conditions of lipid adnormality and exercise previously reported techniques did not give long-term cannula patency. We have thus developed a technique using thromboresistant heparin-treated Silastic tubing and a mesh-stabilized metal cannula at the base of the skull. The tubing is inserted into the vena cava without occlusion and the tip lying in the region of the termination of the hepatic veins. The tubing exists from the abdomen through the incision and runs subcutaneously to a metal tube protruding from the skin. It is closed with a short length of polyethylene tubing folded over and secured with a tight Teflon sleeve. Heparinized saline is used to fill the cannula and flush it at biweekly intervals. The cannulas remain patent for long periods with 59% permitting withdrawal of blood at 120 days. Loss of function is random after 30 days when 100% were patent. A significant number remain functional at 200 days. PMID- 6520059 TI - A case report of primary tracheal cancer from leprosy autopsy series with a review of the literature. PMID- 6520060 TI - Epidemiology of clindamycin resistance in the Bacteroides fragilis group. AB - A study was made of trends in the susceptibility rates to clindamycin of 338 clinical strains of the Bacteroides fragilis group isolated in the period 1980 83. In 1980, the resistance rate of the species Bact. fragilis to 4 mg/l was only 3.3%, but this percentage increased regularly in 1981 (6.2%), 1982 (15.5%) and reached 19.6% in 1983. Resistance rates in other species of the group (Bact. distasonis, Bact. vulgatus, Bact. thetaiotaomicron) were already high in 1980 and no relevant increase has been documented since then. In order to asses the relationship between clindamycin resistance and hospitalization or macrolides lincosamides consumption, 184 faecal strains of the Bact. fragilis group isolated from non-treated in-patients, out-patients and healthy volunteers were studied for clindamycin resistance. An unexpectedly high rate of resistance (around 25%) was found in all groups. Resistant strains appeared heterogeneous with regard to phagetype. For unknown reasons, clindamycin resistance seems to be widespread among intestinal Bacteroides strains of the human population, at least in our region. PMID- 6520061 TI - Biological inactivation by faeces of antimicrobial drugs applicable in selective decontamination of the digestive tract. AB - The in-vitro inactivation of seven antimicrobial drugs by human faecal substance has been investigated. Nalidixic acid, colistin, neomycin, tobramycin, temocillin, trimethoprim, and aztreonam were separately mixed in graded concentrations with faecal suspensions prepared from faeces of eight healthy volunteers. Each was mixed separately with a sample of each of the eight suspensions. All seven antimicrobial drugs appeared to be rapidly biologically inactivated by intestinal contents in a dose-dependent fashion, although not all to the same extent. The results may explain why with some unabsorbed or minimally absorbed drugs higher oral doses are required to achieve eradication of Gram negative bacilli from the digestive tract than others, when selective decontamination (SD) is attempted in clinical practice. PMID- 6520062 TI - Integration of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of methicillin in curative treatment of experimental endocarditis. AB - The rabbit model for Staphylococcus aureus endocarditis was used to compare cure rate and pharmacokinetic profile of four dosing regimens of methicillin. Equal daily doses (120 mg/kg) in five day treatment periods were given to 40 rabbits. Doses were given by bolus 20 mg/kg every 4 h (q 4 h), 40 mg/kg every 8 h (q 8 h), 60 mg/kg every 12 h (q 12 h) or by continuous infusion. The methicillin pharmacokinetics resulting from each regimen were monitored along with the course of the infection in each rabbit. For each regimen, time above MBC, peak height, area under the curve (AUC) above MIC and MBC were measured. Post antibiotic effect (PAE) duration and log growth time (LGT) values were obtained from the literature. Significantly more rabbits treated by q 4 h and q 8 h (P less than 0.05) survived 14 days after cessation of methicillin treatment than did rabbits treated q 12 h or continuous infusion. The four regimens differed in peak concentration and time above MBC. Despite producing the highest peak concentrations, the q 12 h regimen was the least effective. The duration above MBC was 2.0, 1.5, and 0.6 hours for q 12 h, q 8 h and q 4 h regimens, respectively. Continuous infusion produced methicillin concentration just above MBC over the entire five day treatment period, but was not as effective as q 4 h or q 8 h regimens. The most successful intermittent bolus regimens were those in which the sum of time above MBC, the duration of PAE, and one LGT were approximately equal to the actual dosage interval. PMID- 6520064 TI - Stability of gentamicin in combination with selected new beta-lactam antibiotics. PMID- 6520063 TI - Therapeutic efficacy and pharmacokinetic properties of rifampicin in a Bacteroides fragilis intra-abdominal abscess. AB - The efficacy of rifampicin in treating a Bacteroides fragilis infection was investigated and compared to clindamycin and metronidazole in an experimental model of intra-abdominal abscess in mice. Rifampicin, when given subcutaneously, showed activity superior to that of clindamycin in reducing the incidence of abscess formation as well as the number of Bacteroides organisms recovered from the abscess, and rifampicin was comparable in efficacy to metronidazole when given orally at the same dose level. The comparative pharmacokinetic properties of rifampicin and clindamycin demonstrated that the peak serum and abscess levels reached with rifampicin were significantly higher than those of clindamycin. The half-life of rifampicin in serum and in the abscess was longer than that of clindamycin. PMID- 6520065 TI - The incidence and development of resistance in Staphylococcus aureus from three European countries. AB - In a multicentre study conducted by the Paul Ehrlich Society we tested 3482 Staphylococcus aureus strains, isolated in different hospitals in West Germany, Austria and Switzerland, against 12 antibiotics with standardized techniques between 1976 and 1982. In order to avoid mistakes in the classification of the strains into sensitive, intermediate and resistant, we adapted breakpoints to the population distribution. There were no marked changes in the incidence of sensitive strains during the period. Striking differences from one hospital to another were observed. The percentage of strains sensitive to penicillin remains low (27%). The other antibiotics studied show activity against 80-100% of strains. PMID- 6520066 TI - Vancomycin pharmacokinetics in critically ill patients. AB - Peak and trough vancomycin serum levels were measured in 37 severely ill patients following dosing using the Moellering nomogram. The peak and trough serum concentrations were 61.2 +/- 23 and 22.6 +/- 16.5 mg/l, respectively, and higher than expected. Vancomycin pharmacokinetics obtained from 10 other patients were also studied. In five patients with a creatinine clearance greater than 1 ml min 1 kg-1, a mean plasma elimination half-life of 7.8 +/- 2.8 h was calculated. In the five other patients with markedly reduced renal function (creatinine clearance less than or equal to 1 ml min-1 kg-1), the mean elimination half-life was 18.3 +/- 10.2 h. A correlation was observed between the vancomycin and creatinine clearance. Important inter-patient variations of vancomycin clearance for the same creatinine clearance was also noted. Tubular damage in critically ill patients with severe sepsis may explain our results of the decreased vancomycin elimination. PMID- 6520067 TI - Pathogenesis and management of Staphylococcus epidermidis 'plastic' foreign body infections. AB - Staphylococcus epidermidis infections on foreign bodies made of plastic are caused by special and complex mechanisms. The staphylococcal cells are able to adhere to and grow on polymer surfaces in vivo and in vitro. In the course of colonization they produce an extracellular substance ('slime') which eventually covers them. It is thought that the staphylococcal slime has several biological functions, including promoting adhesion and protection against both antibiotics and host defence mechanisms. In patients, the removal of a colonized device should be accompanied by the parenteral administration of highly effective antistaphylococcal drugs, such as vancomycin. PMID- 6520068 TI - The treatment of endocarditis by vancomycin. AB - The narrow spectrum of vancomycin includes the common causal bacteria of endocarditis. This agent has been used since the 1960s for therapy and prophylaxis of infections when first-line drugs are inappropriate because of antibiotic resistance or drug allergy. Some personal experiences of vancomycin usage and a literature survey are presented in this paper which is based on the subdivision of endocarditis into medical, surgical (early--less than 60 days after operation--or late), and addict-related. The commonest bacterial causes of medical or late surgical infections are streptococci, and of the early surgical and addict-related infections are staphylococci. Vancomycin is bactericidal for Gram-positive cocci, except enterococci, but for optimal action it is arguable that combinations with gentamicin, fusidic acid, rifampicin or erythromycin should be used for staphylococcal endocarditis. The attainment of bactericidal blood levels may still be accompanied by failure of monotherapy and the need for early surgery is stressed. The prophylaxis of endocarditis is primarily required for tooth extraction and for cardiac surgery. The streptococci and staphylococci involved are normally vancomycin-susceptible, and the rabbit model shows that it is a suitable alternative to a beta-lactam and aminoglycoside combination. The combination is therefore suitable for patients already in hospital, especially those with prosthetic valves or undergoing cardiac surgery. PMID- 6520069 TI - Diagnosis and epidemiology of Clostridium difficile enterocolitis in Sweden. AB - Experience of the diagnosis and epidemiology of Clostridium difficile in Sweden is reviewed. Samples from 5885 patients have been investigated at the National Bacteriological Laboratory in Stockholm from 1978-1983. Patients originate from all parts of the country and their number continues to increase. Cl. difficile seem to be of growing importance, especially in nosocomial infections. Most patients with antibiotic-associated diarrhoea and colitis (AAD/AAC) and Cl. difficile in their stools were above 60 years of age (63%) and there was a significant preponderance of females over males in the age groups 21-50 and above 60 years of age. The antibiotics most commonly associated with Cl. difficile enterocolitis (CDE) were penicillins, cephalosporins and clindamycin/lincomycin. On the basis of consumption clindamycin/lincomycin and cephalosporins are associated 70 and 40 times, respectively, more often than penicillins in CDE. Diagnosis of CDE relies mainly on detection of the cytotoxin (toxin B) in stool specimens. It was present in 873/4793 (18.2%) patients whereas the bacterium was found in only 12%. An immunoassay for detection of the enterotoxin (toxin A) of Cl. difficile seems to be a useful alternative to the cytotoxin assay, but some stool specimens with a low toxin B titre were negative. Five specimens negative for toxin B were positive for toxin A and came from patients where additional information suggested CDE. A serological assay for demonstration of circulating antibodies to Cl. difficile toxins has also been evaluated and is positive in about half of the cases of CDE. Antibody response seems to be absent or delayed in patients with relapse of colitis after antibiotic treatment. PMID- 6520070 TI - Treatment of antibiotic-associated colitis with vancomycin. AB - Sixty-five patients were treated with oral vancomycin for Clostridium difficile colitis associated with treatment of infection by antibiotics. Colitis was confirmed by endoscopy in patients with diarrhoea and positive tests on diarrhoeal stools for Cl. difficile and/or its cytotoxin or, if endoscopy could not be performed, by the presence of fever and peripheral or faecal leucocytosis. Vancomycin dosage ranged from 125 to 500 mg four times daily for an average of about ten days. The mean duration of diarrhoea after starting therapy was four days; abdominal pain and fever usually resolved in two or three days. Post treatment carriage of Cl. difficile was common. Eighteen per cent of patients developed a recurrence of colitis after treatment was discontinued, but responded to treatment with oral vancomycin, metronidazole, or bacitracin. After comparison of our results with those reported by others we concluded that vancomycin remains the treatment of choice for patients who are acutely and severely ill with Cl. difficile. PMID- 6520071 TI - Selenium protection against testicular lipid peroxidation from cadmium. AB - Both atrophy and hemorrhage were observed in the testis exposed to two acute subcutaneous injections of Cd (0.012 mmol/kg). The hemorrhage was accompanied by the enhancement of lipoperoxide concentration in the testis. These changes were prevented by the simultaneous injection of 0.024 mmol/kg of Se as SeO2, and testicular Zn, Fe, and glutathione levels recovered to the control level. Se stimulated the uptake of Cd to the testis. Se itself did not show any influence on the level of Zn, Fe, and glutathione. Our observations suggest that the preventive effect of Se is an inactivation of Cd in the testis and that testicular Cd concentration alone cannot be used to assess lipid peroxidation. The compounds linked to the glutathione system or related to the membrane integrity may contribute to peroxidation. PMID- 6520072 TI - Different enzymatic oscillations in vivo caused by the stereoisomers of an aminopeptidase inhibitor, bestatin. AB - The present study was undertaken to compare the enzymatic oscillations induced in three major organs, spleen, kidney, and liver, of mice by the active and inactive forms of an aminopeptidase inhibitor, bestatin. Although bestatin caused sine curve-type oscillations of enzymatic activities in spleen and kidney, its isomer, possessing no enzyme-inhibiting actions and no biological actions, did not show any typical enzymatic changes. Such typical oscillations were not elicited by either one of those two agents in liver, in spite of the apparent difference in the type of oscillations induced by them in this organ. These observations were taken to indicate that the enzymatic oscillations in vivo caused by bestatin are closely related to its aminopeptidase-inhibiting actions seen in vitro and that the immunomodifying actions of this agent are based on its effects on enzymes sensitive to it, possibly involving immunoresponsive cells. PMID- 6520073 TI - Preparation and characterization of thionyl chloride-activated succinamidopropyl glass as a covalent immobilization matrix. AB - The reaction of succinamidopropyl-glass with nonaqueous thionyl chloride followed by washing with water produces an activated surface which reacts with amino and thiol groups under nondenaturing conditions. Subsequent treatment of the covalently immobilized species with dilute hydroxylamine at pH 7 and room temperature releases about 80% of those molecules attached through amino groups and about 50% of those attached through thiol groups. The succinamidopropyl group appears to be a minimum requirement for such surface reactivity. The derivatized glass beads are stable during storage, and immobilization is achieved by simply contacting the surface with a solution of the protein or biochemical species to be attached. Moreover, the activated succinamidopropyl sites can be dispersed within an inert surface of glycerolpropyl sites. Such dispersion improves the subsequent release of immobilized protein and should provide a useful technique for preparation of a wide variety of specific matrices for affinity chromatography. It was possible to obtain, in solution, molecules which had been refolded from a completely denatured state in an immobilized form; however, extensive unfolding of proteins in strong denaturants reduced by roughly 50% the amount of protein which could be subsequently released. PMID- 6520074 TI - Highly sensitive flow injection analysis of glucose and uric acid in serum using an immobilized enzyme column and chemiluminescence. AB - A method for the flow injection analysis of glucose and uric acid in serum using immobilized enzymes in column form and chemiluminescence detection is described. The method is based on the determination of chemiluminescence formed by the reaction of a luminol-ferricyanide mixture with hydrogen peroxide which is produced by the action of the respective oxidases on glucose and uric acid. Glucose or uric acid in serum were determined with 1 microliter of the sample at a speed of 120 samples/h without carryover and at an assay time of approximately 10 s. The immobilized glucose oxidase column measured only 1.0 X 5 mm, and the immobilized uricase column 1.0 X 20 mm. The present method gave perfect linearity of the data up to 4.0 g glucose per liter or 0.10 g uric acid per liter with satisfactory precision, reproducibility, and accurate reaction recoveries. Furthermore, the present method was hardly affected by ascorbic acid, while the peroxidase-linked colorimetric method is usually influenced significantly by ascorbic acid. Both column reactors showed good operational stability for a 2 month period, during which time they were repeatedly used for analyses over 2000 times. The results on glucose and uric acid correlated satisfactorily with those obtained by other well-established methods. PMID- 6520076 TI - Fecal pellets from a commensal shrew (Suncus murinus) and a house gecko (Gekkonidae). AB - Examination of excreta pellets from commensal shrew (Suncus murinus) and tropical house geckos (Gekkonidae) showed several characteristics that were useful in distinguishing these pellets from those of commensal rodents. Commensal shrew pellets contained a large number of embedded insect fragments but no embedded hairs. Each shrew pellet was associated with a distinctive circular stain on the floor or container surface where it was found. Gecko pellets were composed entirely of tightly packed insect fragments with no intervening matrix. In contrast to both shrew and rodent pellets, there was no surface mucous coating. A small white body containing uric acid adhered to one end of each gecko pellet. PMID- 6520075 TI - Food adulteration detection: 100 years of progress in AOAC methodology. PMID- 6520077 TI - Determination of histamine in fish by liquid chromatography with post-column reaction and fluorometric detection. AB - A liquid chromatographic (LC) system, using a bonded cation-exchange column, resolves histamine from histidine and other related compounds. Detection sensitivity and specificity are enhanced by introduction of a post-column reaction with o-phthalaldehyde to form a fluorescent derivative. The limit of detection is 1.5 ng histamine, and the response is linear over a range of 7-750 ng. The average histamine recovery from fortified tuna and mahimahi samples was 98.4% with a relative standard deviation of 2.18%. The results for canned tuna and mahimahi were comparable to those obtained by using the official AOAC method. The LC method requires only simple extraction of the sample before introduction into the LC system, which resolves and detects cadaverine and putrescine in addition to histamine. PMID- 6520078 TI - Liquid chromatographic determination of sodium fluoroacetate (Compound 1080) in meat baits and formulations. AB - A liquid chromatographic (LC) method is described for the determination of sodium fluoroacetate in meat baits and formulations. Baits were extracted with water, ultrafiltered, partitioned into butanone, back-partitioned into dilute base, and diluted with acetonitrile. Aqueous formulations of 1080 were diluted with acetonitrile. The solutions were esterified with p-bromophenacyl bromide, using crown ether catalysis, and chromatographed on a 10 micron reverse phase column. Ultraviolet absorbance was monitored at 260 nm. Samples spiked to contain 1 mg and 10 mg 1080/100 g meat gave recoveries of 84.0-103.4%. PMID- 6520079 TI - Liquid chromatographic determination of trace residues of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons in smoked foods. AB - A liquid chromatographic (LC) method was developed and applied to the determination of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in a variety of smoked, market basket commodities. The PAHs are extracted with 1,1,2-trichloro-1,2,2 trifluoroethane (Freon 113) from alcoholic KOH digests of the commodities. The extracts are purified by column chromatography through a deactivated silica gel/alumina column and by liquid-liquid partitioning between dimethyl sulfoxide and cyclohexane before separation of the PAHs by LC. Both fluorescence and UV detectors are used to monitor the LC column effluent to detect nanogram quantities of PAHs. Trace levels of carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic PAHs were found in all samples analyzed, although generally at less than 1 ppb levels. PMID- 6520080 TI - Chemical derivatization analysis of pesticide residues. IX. Analysis of phenol and 21 chlorinated phenols in natural waters by formation of pentafluorobenzyl ether derivatives. AB - A sensitive, isomer-specific method is described for the simultaneous and quantitative analysis of 22 phenols (phenol, 18 chlorophenols, and 3 chloroalkylphenols) in natural waters. The sample was acidified to pH less than or equal to 2, extracted with dichloromethane, evaporated, and dissolved in acetone. The phenol extract was then reacted with pentafluorobenzyl bromide (PFBBr) to give the PFB ether derivatives. After silica gel column cleanup, the ethers were chromatographed on a 12 m OV-1 fused silica capillary column attached to an electron capture detector (ECD). The detection limit was 0.1 ppb for 1 L samples. Recoveries of phenols from pH 2 water samples fortified at 10, 1, and 0.1 ppb were greater than or equal to 80% in most cases except for phenol which was only 30 to 35% recovered. Coefficients of variation were between 2 and 10% for all phenols. However, phenol recovery was quantitative when the sample volume was reduced to 100 mL. Because ECD sensitivities to the 22 phenol PFB ethers were similar, this method is most suitable for simultaneous screening of nonchlorinated and monochlorinated phenols as well as other higher chlorophenols at trace levels. PMID- 6520081 TI - Determination of xanthomegnin in grains and animal feeds by liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. AB - A sensitive, highly selective liquid chromatographic (LC) method is described which uses electrochemical (EC) reduction of the analyte in the determinative step. The method is capable of determining xanthomegnin in mixed animal feeds and grains at levels ranging from 15 to 1200 ng/g. The method can detect as little as 0.5 ng xanthomegnin injected on the LC column. Xanthomegnin is extracted with chloroform and 0.1M phosphoric acid. An aliquot of the crude extract is purified by silica gel column chromatography using a Sep-Pak silica gel cartridge. A novel feature of the method is that xanthomegnin is "backed off" the column by reversing the flow of the eluant through the column. LC is then used to separate xanthomegnin from other interfering substances. Xanthomegnin is detected by EC reduction at -0.16 V. Recoveries of xanthomegnin added to samples at levels ranging from 15 to 1200 ng/g averaged 79% with a coefficient of variation of 7.9%. Results also demonstrate that this LC system can separate the related metabolites viomellein and rubrosulphin from each other and from xanthomegnin and that the same EC detection system can be used to detect these metabolites. PMID- 6520082 TI - Improved gas chromatographic method for quantitation of deoxynivalenol in wheat, corn, and feed. AB - A gas chromatographic (GC) method is described to determine deoxynivalenol in wheat and corn at levels as low as 20 ppb. Ground samples are extracted with water, adsorbed onto a Clin Elut column, extracted with ethyl acetate, and passed through a silica gel Sep-Pak cartridge. The final extract is then derivatized with N-heptafluorobutyrylimidazole and quantitated by GC using an electron capture detector. Recoveries are greater than 85% for spiked samples at levels of 50-1000 ppb. Results for wheat, corn, and mixed feed samples are given as well as the results of an interlaboratory study on a naturally contaminated wheat sample. PMID- 6520083 TI - Capillary gas chromatographic determination of T-2 toxin, HT-2 toxin, and diacetoxyscirpenol in cereal grains. AB - A capillary gas chromatographic (GC) method using an electron capture detector is described for determining T-2 and HT-2 toxins and diacetoxyscirpenol (DAS) in cereal grains at levels as low as 100 ppb for T-2 and DAS and 50 ppb for HT-2. Samples are extracted with methanol-water according to the Scott method, and further purified on a silica gel cartridge and a cyano column. Heptafluorobutyrylimidazole (HFBI) is added to form the esters of the analytes. Ester(s) of T-2, HT-2 and DAS are separated on a 30 m X 0.32 mm DB-5 fused silica column and measured with a 63Ni electron capture detector. Samples were confirmed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry using electron impact ionization and single ion monitoring at the molecular mass of 501.11 m/z for T-2, 665.08 m/z for HT-2, and 502.12 m/z for DAS at 10 000 resolving power. The method was applied to wheat, oats, and barley. Average recoveries ranged from a low of 65% for T-2 in barley to a high of 99% for DAS in oats. PMID- 6520084 TI - Liquid chromatographic determination of nicarbazin in feeds and premixes. AB - A liquid chromatographic (LC) method has been developed for the determination of nicarbazin in premixes and poultry feed. Liquid chromatography of the 4,4' dinitrocarbanilide (DNC) portion of nicarbazin is performed isocratically with a reverse phase octadecylsilica column and a UV detector set at 340 nm. The 2 hydroxy-4,6-dimethylpyrimidine (HDP) portion of nicarbazin is chromatographed isocratically with a reverse phase octylsilica column and a UV detector set at 305 nm. Nicarbazin concentration can be calculated by assaying both DNC and HDP, or by assaying DNC or HDP and assuming that nicarbazin is a 1:1 molar ratio of the two. Average recoveries of DNC and HDP added to poultry feed were 101% and 87%, respectively. This procedure provides an alternative to existing colorimetric procedures for determining nicarbazin in premixes and poultry feeds. PMID- 6520085 TI - Liquid chromatographic determination of methyldopa and methyldopa-thiazide combinations in tablets: collaborative study. AB - A reverse phase liquid chromatographic method for the determination of methyldopa, methyldopa-hydrochlorothiazide, and methyldopachlorothiazide in tablets was collaboratively studied by 8 laboratories. Each collaborator received 20 samples that included drug substance, synthetic and commercial tablet compositions. The overall repeatability and reproducibility standard deviations for commercial tablets were 1.11 and 1.75% for methyldopa, 0.96 and 1.62% for chlorothiazide, and 1.21 and 2.15% for hydrochlorothiazide, respectively. The overall recoveries of methyldopa, chlorothiazide, and hydrochlorothiazide added to synthetic tablets were 100.78, 100.70, and 101.34%, respectively. The method has been adopted official first action. PMID- 6520086 TI - Liquid chromatographic determination of allopurinol in tablets: collaborative study. AB - A liquid chromatographic method for the determination of allopurinol in tablets was collaboratively studied by 7 laboratories. The method uses a C18 reverse phase column, a 0.05M ammonium phosphate mobile phase, hypoxanthine as the internal standard, and photometric detection at 254 nm. Collaborators were supplied with samples of 2 commercial tablets and 1 synthetic tablet powder. The mean recovery value of allopurinol from the synthetic tablet powder was 100.0%. The combined mean coefficient of variation for all 3 types of sample analyzed was less than 2%. The method has been adopted official first action. PMID- 6520087 TI - Spectrophotometric determination of pentaerythritol tetranitrate in tablets. AB - A sensitive spectrophotometric method is reported for the quantitative determination of pentaerythritol tetranitrate in tablets. The method is based on reduction of pentaerythritol tetranitrate with zinc and calcium chloride, and reaction of the nitroso compound thus formed with 1-naphthylamine in acidic medium. The reaction gives a purple product having an absorbance maximum at 545 nm. Beer's law is obeyed in the concentration range of 1-10 micrograms/mL of reaction mixture. The presence of meprobamate in tablets does not interfere with the proposed analytical determination. PMID- 6520088 TI - Liquid chromatographic determination of tetracycline residues in meat and fish. AB - A simple and rapid method was developed for quantitative determination of common tetracyclines, such as oxytetracycline (OTC), tetracycline (TC), and chlortetracycline (CTC), in meat and fish. Tetracyclines were extracted with aqueous HCl, and then centrifuged. The supernate was applied to an Amberlite XAD 2 column, which was washed with water and eluted with methanol. The eluate was concentrated to about 0.5 mL under vacuum at 35 degrees C, and then measured by liquid chromatography and UV detection. Two analytical columns were used for confirmation. The average recoveries of OTC, TC, and CTC from meat and fish fortified at 1, 1, and 3 ppm were 82.6, 81.5, and 67.0% respectively. PMID- 6520089 TI - Development of a quality assurance program for determination of ultratrace background levels of lead and cadmium in raw agricultural crops by differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry. AB - Data on the background levels of lead and cadmium in the food supply are essential in order to establish a baseline from which to evaluate the extent of contamination in transport, processing, industrial atmospheric particulate fallout, and soil treatment (e.g., fertilizers, sewage sludge, etc.). This requires the establishment of site selection and sampling criteria as well as the development of a rigorous analytical method capable of performing routine analyses of Pb and Cd at ultratrace levels. The method used in this study, which was published previously, was designed to provide high sample throughput with minimal contamination. This involved control and measurement of blank levels and the establishment of quality control procedures to maintain confidence in the accuracy and precision of the method. PMID- 6520090 TI - Evaluation of laboratory performance of the AOAC method for PSP toxin in shellfish. AB - Laboratory performance of the official AOAC method for paralytic shellfish poison (PSP) toxin in shellfish was evaluated. Two series of naturally toxic shellfish split samples were distributed (15 in 1979 and 19 in 1982) to state shellfish monitoring laboratories which participate in the National Shellfish Sanitation Program. The laboratories performed bioassays on duplicate 100 g portions of each 220 g split sample. Bioassays were consistent among the laboratories and compared favorably with those of previous studies. PMID- 6520091 TI - Inventory of IDF/ISO/AOAC adopted methods of analysis for milk and milk products. PMID- 6520093 TI - Self-recognition in autistic children. AB - The hypothesis that the autistic child's impairment in social relatedness stems in part from underlying deficits in self-recognition was explored. Fifteen autistic children ranging from 4 to 6 years of age were assessed for visual self recognition ability, as well as for skills in two cognitive areas that are believed to be related to the development of self-recognition--object permanence and gestural imitation. It was found that 13 of 15 autistic children showed evidence of self-recognition. The two autistic children who lacked self recognition were the only two children to perform poorly on the object permanence tasks, which suggests that these two cognitive domains may be closely linked in development. In contrast, there appeared to be no consistent relationship between motor imitation ability and self-recognition. It was concluded that the autistic child's social deficits are not due to a basic lack of differentiation between self and other. PMID- 6520094 TI - Social skills training with verbal autistic adolescents and adults: a program model. AB - An ongoing social skills training program was implemented with 15 verbal autistic adolescents and adults. The major long-range goals were for the participants to have positive peer-related social experiences in a supportive atmosphere and to learn useful skills in this way. Short-term training objectives included how to meet other people, stay on a topic of conversation, ask questions, pay attention, and express one's feelings and emotions. Teaching techniques included modeling, coaching, and role-playing. Preliminary indications suggest that the main goals and training objectives were being accomplished and that clients were progressing in their conversational skills, their selection of relevant topics, and their perceptions of themselves. The implications of this program for the understanding and treatment of autistic adolescents and adults is described, as well as the viability of a social skills training model. The need for more research on this most important issue is highlighted. PMID- 6520092 TI - Biobehavioral risk factors in children of schizophrenic parents. AB - Research on risk factors for schizophrenia is reviewed with emphasis on children of schizophrenic parents. As children of schizophrenic parents are not representative of the majority of individuals who become schizophrenic, examination of variables such as those relating to home environment or parental characteristics in these children is not expected to contribute greatly to an understanding of risk for schizophrenia or to the search for early indicators of a genetic liability, whereas study of selected biobehavioral variables may do so. Four areas of biobehavioral functioning that have been examined in high-risk research are discussed. Three of these are considered to be compatible with the hypothesis of a neurointegrative defect underlying schizophrenia-proneness and to be promising for further research. PMID- 6520095 TI - Brief report: validation of the autism reinforcer checklist for children. PMID- 6520096 TI - Brief report: regional cerebral blood flow in autism. PMID- 6520097 TI - Brief report: the development of hand laterality in infantile autism. PMID- 6520098 TI - Serotonin levels in fragile X autistic patients. PMID- 6520099 TI - The musical productions of autistic children. PMID- 6520100 TI - Isolation of fungi and Nocardia in various broncho-pulmonary diseases. PMID- 6520101 TI - Delayed polyvalent antivenom serum therapy in viper bites. PMID- 6520102 TI - Transient global amnesia. PMID- 6520103 TI - T wave inversion during emetine therapy. PMID- 6520104 TI - Advances in endocrine pharmacotherapeutics. Part--II. PMID- 6520105 TI - The long Q-T interval syndrome. PMID- 6520106 TI - Pulmonary embolism. PMID- 6520107 TI - Non-familial tuberous sclerosis. PMID- 6520108 TI - Loffler's eosinophilic endomyocardial disease. PMID- 6520109 TI - Boerhaave syndrome. PMID- 6520110 TI - A method to determine the affinity of heparin to thrombin and antithrombin III on equilibrium gel permeation chromatography. AB - Equilibrium gel permeation chromatography was employed to determine the ability of heparin to form complexes with thrombin and antithrombin III. In the eluate from a Sephacryl S-200 column, heparin caused a peak and then a trough in the fluorescence of 48 nM antithrombin III or 63 nM thrombin. The peak-heights with known amounts of heparin were used for standard curves to determine the extent of complex formation by test heparin preparations. Only heparin species with high affinity for antithrombin III specifically formed a complex with antithrombin III under the conditions used. The ability to form a complex of heparin preparations with different anticoagulant activities for thrombin and antithrombin III could be determined satisfactorily. The heparin species with different affinities for antithrombin III did not coincide those with different affinities for thrombin. Of 4 preparations with one low-affinity and three high-affinity subfractions of heparin for antithrombin III, the species with the lowest affinity for antithrombin III had the highest affinity for thrombin. All of these observations showed that the method could be used to determine the ability to form a complex of test heparin preparations. PMID- 6520111 TI - Uropepsinogen in human urine: its protein nature, activation and enzymatic properties of activated enzyme. AB - Uropepsinogen (UPG) in human urine was highly purified by chromatography on columns of DEAE-lignocellulose, elastin-celite, etc. The purified UPG was composed of two electrophoretically distinguishable components (UPG I and UPG II), and they were isolated in the pure state, respectively. UPG I and UPG II were the same in molecular weight (3.9 X 10(4)) and in N-terminal (leucine) and C terminal (alanine) amino acid residues. Also, they were quite similar in amino acid composition. They were activated to uropepsin (UP I and UP II, molecular weight, 3.3 X 10(4), respectively), but the activated enzymes were the same in the various properties examined, suggesting that the difference between UPG I and UPG II is due to only a minor change in the peptide segment, perhaps by deamidation. The activation of UPG I and UPG II occurred at acid pHs, the best pH being at 2.0. Both the proenzymes previously incubated with pepstatin at pH 6.8, however, were not activated even in the following incubation at acid sides. The results obtained are discussed in regard to the origin of the proenzyme and its properties before and after activation. PMID- 6520112 TI - Reconstitution of compact polynucleosomes and comparison of the functions of histones H1 and H5. AB - Polynucleosomes with a definite length (about 4,500 base pairs) were prepared from chicken erythrocyte nuclei without depleting magnesium ions from the medium. The polynucleosomes in the presence of Mg2+ ions as well as monovalent salts were more compact than those with monovalent salts alone. We minimized the occurrence of nicks in the DNA of nucleosome fiber during the preparation. When histones H1 and H5 were completely removed from polynucleosomes, linker histone-depleted polynucleosomes sedimented slower than the original ones. When isolated histone H1 or H5 was reassembled with linker histone-depleted polynucleosomes, no significant difference was observed among the reconstituted polynucleosomes with histone H1, the reconstituted polynucleosomes with histone H5, and the original polynucleosomes. We concluded that histones H1 and H5 are similar in their effects on higher order structure of polynucleosomes, as far as can be judged from such characteristics as sedimentation velocity, linker histone content, and the patterns of nuclease digestion. PMID- 6520113 TI - Characterization of intermediate-molecular-weight acid phosphatase from bovine kidney cortex. AB - The distribution of acid phosphatases of intermediate molecular weight was determined in various mammalian tissues. The intermediate-molecular-weight acid phosphatases (designated P-II-1 and 2) comprised about 25% of the p-nitrophenyl phosphatase activity in the supernatant of bovine kidney cortex homogenate. The P II-1 and 2 purified 2,000 fold showed the pI values of 5.9 and 5.7, respectively, on isoelectric focusing. Apparent molecular weights of both P-II-1 and 2 were estimated to be 42,000 by Sephadex G-100 gel filtration and 44,000 by SDS polyacrylamide disc gel electrophoresis. Both the enzymes catalyzed the hydrolysis of a wide variety of natural phosphomonoesters, except for the phosphoproteins phosphoserine and o-phosphocholine. The enzymes showed a high activity on pyridoxal phosphate, beta-glycerophosphate, and 2'-AMP. The optimum activity pH was near 5 with p-nitrophenyl phosphate, but was shifted to the neutral range when pyridoxal phosphate was the substrate. The cations Hg2+ and Ag+ had a marked inhibitory effect. Neither enzyme was inhibited significantly by L-(+)-tartrate or pCMB. The two other types of acid phosphatases, the high molecular-weight (designated P-I) and low-molecular-weight (designated P-III), were also purified to homogeneity from bovine kidney cortex, and were compared with P-II from several aspects including substrate specificity and susceptibility to various compounds. PMID- 6520114 TI - Characterization of lysosomal acid lipase purified from rabbit liver. AB - Lysosomal acid lipase from rabbit liver was solubilized with digitonin and purified 25,000-fold by Bio-Gel A-1.5 m, DEAE Bio-Gel A and phenyl Sepharose column chromatographies, preparative slab gel electrophoresis and finally Affi Gel Blue affinity column chromatography. The purified enzyme gave a single protein band on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis both in the presence and absence of sodium dodecyl sulfate. The molecular weight of the acid lipase was estimated to be 42,000 by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and 40,000 by gel filtration on Bio-Gel A-0.5 m. The enzyme was a hydrophobic glycoprotein with an isoelectric point of 5.15-5.90. The purified enzyme hydrolyzed tri-, di-, and monoolein and cholesterol oleate, with apparent Vmax values of 5.41, 56.1, 21.7, and 3.25 mumol/min/mg protein, and Km values of 50, 70, 200, and 40 microM, respectively. It hydrolyzed 4-methylumbelliferyl esters with fatty acids of different lengths in the order, medium length chains greater than long chains much greater than short chains. It did not hydrolyze dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine. Its activity was inhibited by micromolar concentrations of p-chloromercuriphenyl sulfonic acid and p-bromophenacyl bromide and millimolar concentrations of Cu2+ and diethylpyrocarbonate. The activities of the enzyme towards the five substrates listed above showed almost identical thermal stabilities, mobilities on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and inhibition by several inhibitors. These findings support the idea that one enzyme is involved in the hydrolysis of both acylglycerols and cholesterol esters in lysosomes. PMID- 6520115 TI - Stereospecific formation of (24E)-3 alpha,7 alpha,12 alpha-trihydroxy-5 beta cholest-24-en-26-oic acid and (24R,25S)-3 alpha,7 alpha,12 alpha,24-tetrahydroxy 5 beta-cholestan-26-oic acid from either (25R)- or (25S)-3 alpha,7 alpha,12 alpha trihydroxy-5 beta-cholestan-26-oic acid by rat liver homogenate. AB - Studies of the stereochemistry of the intermediates, 3 alpha,7 alpha,12 alpha trihydroxy-5 beta-cholest-24-en-26-oic acid and 3 alpha,7 alpha,12 alpha,24 tetrahydroxy-5 beta-cholestan-26-oic acid, in the biosynthetic sequence between 3 alpha,7 alpha,12 alpha-trihydroxy-5 beta-cholestan-26-oic acid and cholic acid have been undertaken. (25R)- or (25S)-3 alpha,7 alpha, 12 alpha-Trihydroxy-5 beta cholestan-26-oic acid was incubated with rat liver homogenates. The reaction products were converted to p-bromophenacyl ester derivatives and the esters were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography. By comparison with authentic samples of two (24E)- and (24Z)-isomers of the alpha, beta-unsaturated acid and of four isomers at C-24 and C-25 of the beta-hydroxy acid, (24E)-3 alpha,7 alpha, 12 alpha-trihydroxy-5 beta-cholestan-26-oic acid and (24R,25S)-3 alpha,7 alpha,12 alpha,24-tetrahydroxy-5 beta-cholestan-26-oic acid were found to be formed from either (25R)- or (25S)-3 alpha,7 alpha, 12 alpha-trihydroxy-5 beta-cholestan-26 oic acid. No formation of the (24Z)-isomer of the trihydroxycholestenoic acid or the other three isomers of the tetrahydroxycholestanoic acid was detected. The findings are discussed in relation to the assumed pathway for side chain cleavage in cholic acid biosynthesis. PMID- 6520116 TI - Interaction of secretory protein precursors with phospholipids in liposomes. AB - The precursors of secretory proteins were synthesized in a reticulocyte lysate system programmed with rat serum albumin or human placental lactogen mRNA and their interaction with phospholipids in liposomes was studied. The precursor proteins could bind to acidic phospholipids that have an exposed phosphate such as dicetyl phosphate and phosphatidic acid or a phosphate that is covered by a small moiety such as phosphatidylglycerol. The binding of precursor proteins was dependent on the mol% of acidic phospholipids in lecithin-liposomes, increased with elevation of temperature in the range of 0 to 45 degrees C, and was not inhibited by the addition of a large excess of mature proteins. Mature proteins or proalbumin showed no significant binding to the liposomes containing acidic phospholipids. About 15% of the acid-precipitable radioactivity bound to the liposomes was resistant to protease digestion. This radioactivity was shown to correspond to methionine-containing peptides with molecular weights of 2,500 to 3,500. These results indicate that the post-translational insertion of a small part of the precursor proteins into the membrane did occur with the present model system, but the post-translational transfer of precursor proteins across the membrane did not. PMID- 6520117 TI - Predominant synthesis of fibroin heavy and light chains on the membrane-bound polysomes prepared from the posterior silk gland of the silkworm, Bombyx mori. AB - Membrane-bound polysomes were prepared from the posterior silk gland of the silkworm, Bombyx mori, on the fourth to fifth day in the fifth larval instar. The polysomes, when supplemented with a soluble fraction from the posterior silk gland, exhibited the elongation reaction of the growing polypeptide-chains, but the initiation reaction of polypeptide synthesis was not demonstrated in this system. The predominant products synthesized on the membrane-bound polysomes were fibroin heavy chain (H-chain) and light chain (L-chain), while polypeptides of heterogeneous size classes were synthesized on the 105,000 X g-sedimentable polysomes. A substantial fraction of the fibroin L-chain synthesized was bound to the H-chain by disulfide bond. Most of the newly synthesized fibroin H- and L chains on the membrane-bound polysomes were proved to be present within microsomal membrane vesicles because of their insensitivity to digestion with proteases in the absence of Triton X-100. PMID- 6520118 TI - Inhibition mechanism of a peanut trypsin-chymotrypsin inhibitor, B-III: determination of the reactive sites for trypsin and chymotrypsin. AB - Peanut inhibitor B-III was found to form two types of complexes with trypsin, T2I and TI, by gel filtration HPLC. Two cleaved peptide bonds, Arg(10)-Arg(11) and Arg(38)-Ser(39), in the trypsin modified inhibitor (TM-B-III*R*S) (J. Biochem. 93, 479-485 (1983] were resynthesized by the complex formation with 2 mol of trypsin. These results suggest that the two peptide bonds may be the reactive sites for trypsin. TM-B-III*R*S inhibited bovine trypsin as well as native B-III but had little chymotrypsin inhibitory activity. The two peptide bonds, Arg(10) Arg(11) and Arg(38)-Ser(39), in B-III were cleaved partly by prolonged incubation with a catalytic amount of chymotrypsin. But gel filtration HPLC of the chymotrypsin-inhibitor complex showed the formation of only CI complex. Incubation of TM-B-III*R*S with an equimolar amount of chymotrypsin resulted in the resynthesis of only the Arg(10)-Arg(11) bond. These findings suggest that Arg(10)-Arg(11) may be a true reactive site for chymotrypsin. An inhibition mechanism of B-III against trypsin and chymotrypsin was proposed from the results obtained by the present studies. PMID- 6520119 TI - Calcium binding to tryptic fragments of calmodulin. AB - Fragments of scallop testis calmodulin were prepared by tryptic digestion. One peptide consisted of 75 amino acid residues from N-acetylalanine to lysine at position 75 (F12) and the other of 71 residues from aspartic acid at position 78 to C-terminal lysine (F34). Flow dialysis and equilibrium dialysis experiments revealed the existence of two Ca2+ binding sites in each fragment. Half saturating concentrations of the Ca2+ titration curves were 11 microM for F12 and 3.2 microM for F34, and Hill coefficients were obtained as 1.14 and 1.84, respectively. The results indicate that the high-affinity sites for Ca2+ are located on the C-terminal region of the calmodulin. The sum of the two Ca2+ titration curves of F12 and F34 fits well to the curves of Ca2+ binding to intact calmodulin. This shows that the characteristic of Ca2+ bindings in intact calmodulin did not change after separation of the whole molecule into two domains, F12 and F34. The domains corresponding to F12 and F34 may exist independently from each other in the intact calmodulin molecule. PMID- 6520120 TI - Interaction of Trimeresurus flavoviridis phospholipase A2 and its fragment with calcium ion. AB - Dimeric T. flavoviridis phospholipase A2 has been studied in terms of the interaction with essential Ca2+ by equilibrium gel filtration, ultraviolet difference spectroscopy, fluorescence measurements, and chemical modifications with p-bromophenacyl bromide. The subunit bound to Ca2+ with a 1:1 molar ratio and no cooperative binding was observed. The hypochromic effect produced upon the binding of Ca2+ is due to perturbation of (a) specific tryptophan residue(s) located in the vicinity of the active site and appears to be characteristic of this enzyme. On the basis of the pH dependence of the dissociation constants, it has been found that the alpha-amino group (pKa 8.7) controls the binding of Ca2+. Deprotonation of the alpha-amino group is possibly accompanied by conformational transition to the active form which is able to bind Ca2+. This is in contrast to the case of bovine pancreatic phospholipase A2 in which Asp-49 (pKa 5.2) is responsible for the metal ion binding (Fleer et al. (1981) Eur. J. Biochem. 113, 283-288). Des-octapeptide(1-8)-phospholipase A2 (L-fragment) was found to be capable of binding Ca2+ under the control of a group with a pKa of 7.6. This pKa value was similar to an apparent pKa of 7.5 determined for the histidine residue in the active site of the native enzyme by way of p-bromophenacyl bromide modification. It appears that the N-terminal (octapeptide) sequence affects the binding mode of Ca2+, possibly because of conformational transition arising from its removal. The reinvestigation showed that the N-terminal octapeptide sequence is Gly-Leu-Trp-Gln-Phe-Glu-Asn-Met. PMID- 6520121 TI - Interaction between myosin and F-actin. Correlation with actin-binding sites on subfragment-1. AB - F-Actin bindings to subfragment-1 (S-1) and S-1 after limited proteolysis by trypsin (S-1t) were studied in the absence and presence of ATP by means of ultracentrifugation. No significant difference in the affinities for F-actin was observed between S-1 and S-1t in the absence of ATP. In contrast, the affinity for F-actin in the presence of ATP was decreased about 50 times by the limited proteolysis of the S-1 heavy chain. The S-1 whose SH1 and SH2 groups were cross linked by N,N'-p-phenylenedimaleimide bound F-actin weakly. The affinity for F actin was similar to that of unmodified S-1 in the presence of ATP and was also decreased markedly by limited proteolysis of the cross-linked S-1. Reciprocals of the dissociation constant of acto-S-1 complex decreased markedly with increase of ionic strength in the presence of ATP, but decreased only slightly at the rigor state. All these results are consistent with our proposal that S-1 has two different actin binding sites, as reported previously (Katoh, T., Imae, S., & Morita, F. (1984) J. Biochem. 95, 447-454). The mechanism of activation of S-1 ATPase by F-actin is discussed. PMID- 6520123 TI - Differences between homogeneous spermidine synthases isolated from rat and pig liver. AB - Spermidine synthase was purified to homogeneity from rat and pig liver by a method modified from a previously reported one using DEAE-Sepharose, S adenosyl(5')-3-thiopropylamine-Sepharose affinity chromatography, Sephacryl S-300 gel filtration and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. No apparent difference between the two enzymes was observed in specific activity, molecular weight (74,000), or subunit composition (two subunits). However, significant differences were observed in their pI values, which were 5.16 for the pig enzyme and 5.34 for the rat enzyme, and their peptide maps. Amino acid compositions of the two enzymes were closely related, but differed significantly in some amino acids. In addition, the rat enzyme was more sensitive to inhibition by S-adenosyl-1,8 diamino-3-thiooctane than the pig enzyme. PMID- 6520122 TI - Fatty acid elongation activity in fibroblasts from patients with adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD). AB - The activities of microsomal fatty acid elongation and cytoplasmic de novo fatty acid synthesis were measured in human cultured skin fibroblasts. Both activities in fibroblasts from normal controls and patients with adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD) were compared and slight but a significant increase of elongation activities in ALD fibroblasts was demonstrated. On the other hand, there were no significant differences in the fatty acid synthetase activities. In this study, we measured microsomal fatty acid elongation activities in the presence of N-ethylmaleimide, which completely inhibited the activity of contaminating fatty acid synthetase and also the degradation of fatty acids, and made accurate determination of the elongation activities possible. PMID- 6520124 TI - Inactivation of rice bran thiamine-binding protein by N,N' dicyclohexylcarbodiimide. AB - The addition of a carboxyl-modifying reagent N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCCD) to thiamine-binding protein isolated from rice bran resulted in a remarkable loss of its binding activity with [14C]thiamine. Thiamine and chloroethylthiamine substantially protected the protein against inactivation by DCCD, whereas thiamine phosphates did not. Another carboxyl reagent N-ethoxycarbonyl-2-ethoxy 1,2-dihydroquinoline (EEDQ) also inactivated rice bran thiamine-binding protein. Inactivation of the thiamine-binding protein was accompanied by covalent binding of DCCD to the protein as shown by the use of [14C]DCCD. The binding of [14C]DCCD to the thiamine-binding protein was specific, and significantly inhibited by the addition of thiamine. The loss of thiamine-binding activity was proportional to the specific binding of [14C]DCCD. For complete inactivation of the thiamine binding activity, the binding of 2.46 mol of [14C]DCCD per mol of thiamine binding protein was required. Furthermore, limited proteolysis of the binding protein by trypsin yielded two polypeptides with molecular weights of 35,000 (large polypeptide) and 12,500 (small polypeptide) which were separated by SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The binding sites of [14C]DCCD were found to be located on the large polypeptide. These results suggest that a specific carboxyl residue in the large polypeptide releasable from rice bran thiamine binding protein by trypsin digestion when modified by DCCD is involved in the binding of thiamine. PMID- 6520125 TI - Presence of a phospholipase A2 inhibitor in porcine serum. AB - Porcine pancreatic phospholipase A2 (PLA2) was immobilized to Sepharose 4B and porcine serum was passed through this affinity column. Bound substances were eluted by an EDTA-containing buffer and fractionated in a Sepharose 6B column. A single protein peak of the eluate from the latter column was found to inhibit PLA2 activity in a dose-dependent manner in an assay system using radioactive lecithin as a substrate and porcine pancreatic PLA2 as the enzyme source. The serum fraction containing the PLA2 inhibitory protein(s) (PIP) appeared inhomogeneous on SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with two major bands close to each other, corresponding to a molecular weight of approximately 60,000. It was concluded that PIP might act as a protective principle against autodigestion in acute pancreatitis and other inflammatory diseases as well as playing a regulatory role in prostaglandin metabolism. PMID- 6520126 TI - Characterization, purification, and subcellular localization of bovine thyroid sialidases. AB - Sialidase activities have been studied in bovine thyroid using sialoglycolipids, sialoglycoproteins, sialo-oligosaccharides and fluorogenic 4-methylumbelliferyl alpha-D-N-acetylneuraminate as substrates. No sialidase activity could be detected towards native glycoprotein substrates. From enzyme kinetics, effector data and more convincingly from subcellular studies it became clear that in bovine thyroid at least two sialidase activities were present, a sialyllactitol sialidase confined to the lysosomal membrane and a glycolipid sialidase residing in the plasma membrane and displaying the features of a true ectoenzyme. The lipid requirement for full enzyme activity supported the membrane bound character of both sialidase activities. A soluble sialidase activity could not be demonstrated. After solubilization by CHAPS treatment, partial purification of the sialyllactitol sialidase could be achieved by affinity chromatography (Sepharose diamino dipropylamino-N-acetylneuraminic acid). The purified enzyme was extremely labile. Titration of the sialidase preparation with amino acid modifying agents revealed that sulfhydryl- and tryptophanyl groups were essential for the sialidase action. PMID- 6520127 TI - Characterization of GM1b in mouse spleen. AB - Two GM1b gangliosides (IV-sialosylgangliotetraosylceramide) containing either N glycolylneuraminic acid of N-acetylneuraminic acid at the terminal galactose of gangliotetraosylceramide were found in the ICR mouse spleen. Their structures were characterized by the behavior on thin layer chromatograms, sugar composition, susceptibility to sialidase and immunobinding activity toward anti gangliotetraosylceramide antibody. The structure of GM1b containing N glycolylneuraminic acid was further confirmed by methylation analysis. GM1 gangliosides containing either N-glycolylneuraminic acid or N-acetylneuraminic acid were also purified and characterized by thin layer chromatography, sugar analysis and sialidase treatment. As a result, the presence of four kinds of monosialoganglioside with a gangliotetraosyl core structure, GM1(NeuAc), GM1(NeuGc), GM1b(NeuAc), and GM1b(NeuGc), were found to exist in the ICR mouse spleen. These four gangliosides accounted for about 50% of the spleen monosialoganglioside content. Additional four gangliosides in the monosialoganglioside fraction were tentatively characterized as GM3(NeuAc), GM3(NeuGc), GM2(NeuGc), and sialosylneolactotetraosylceramide(NeuGc). PMID- 6520128 TI - Analysis and quantitation of gangliosides as p-bromophenacyl derivatives by high performance liquid chromatography. AB - A highly sensitive method for the analysis and quantitation of gangliosides by high-performance liquid chromatography is described. The method involves simple, quantitative and specific derivatization of gangliosides, involving their carboxylic acid groups, to UV-absorbing p-bromophenacyl derivatives. The molar extinction coefficient of the derivatives at maximum absorption at 261 nm was about 23,000. The acidic fraction separated by DEAE-Sephadex column chromatography was directly derivatized and the reaction mixture was directly injected into a high-performance liquid chromatograph without any purification of the derivatives. Monosialogangliosides, GM4, GM3, GM2, and GM1, were well separated by normal phase high-performance liquid chromatography. The standard curve for quantitation of gangliosides was linear up to 100 micrograms of ganglioside-sialic acid and the lower limit of detection was about 10 ng. Also, by reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography, the molecular species of gangliosides were successfully analyzed. The method was shown to be applicable to the analysis of gangliosides in biological materials. PMID- 6520129 TI - Further improvement in preparation and some properties of native alpha and beta chains from canine hemoglobin treated with p-chloromercuribenzoate. AB - The alpha and beta chains were prepared from canine hemoglobin by a modification of the method of Bucci and Fronticelli ((1965) J. Biol. Chem. 240, PC551-552) which involved treatment of hemoglobin with an excess of p-chloromercuribenzoate (pCMB), separation of the mercurated chains by chromatography on a DE-32 column with a salt gradient at pH 8.6, and regeneration of sulfhydryl groups of the chains with 2-mercaptoethanol. The SH titer was two per heme for both the regenerated alpha and beta chains. The titer decreased to four per tetramer of hemoglobin after equimolar recombination of both chains. Measurements of the absorption spectrum and oxygen binding showed that the chains were in a native state. PMID- 6520130 TI - Peristaltic transport of blood: Casson model--II. AB - The problem of peristaltic transport of blood in a uniform and non-uniform tube has been investigated, under zero Reynolds number and long wavelength approximation. Blood is represented by a two-layered fluid model consisting of a central layer of suspension of all erythrocytes, etc., assumed to be a Casson fluid, and a peripheral layer of plasma as a Newtonian fluid. A comparison of results with those without peripheral layer shows that the magnitude of the pressure rise, under a given set of conditions is smaller in the case of model with peripheral layer. It is found that, for a given flow rate, the pressure rise decreases as the viscosity of the peripheral layer decreases, and for a given non zero pressure drop, the flow rate increases as the viscosity of the peripheral layer decreases. However, the flow is independent of the presence of the peripheral layer, for zero pressure rise. Further, the pressure rise in the case of non-uniform geometry is found much smaller than the corresponding value in the uniform geometry. PMID- 6520131 TI - A mathematical model of aortic valve vibration. AB - It has been shown experimentally that the second heart sound is produced by diastolic vibrations of the closed aortic valve. In the present paper a mathematical model of this vibration is developed from first principles. The model assumes a one dimensional but non-linear fluid behavior. The problem is coupled through a non-linear, planar valve. A solution is obtained using the method of characteristics developed in finite difference form. The resulting valve frequency and amplitude are in good agreement with patient data. The model predicts a strong dependency of response on the valve forcing function and valve stiffness; and a weaker dependency of response on valve mass. PMID- 6520132 TI - Experimental measurements of elastic properties of media and adventitia of bovine carotid arteries. AB - An experimental procedure is described which has been developed to measure the elastic properties of the outer (adventitial) and inner (medial) layers of excised bovine carotid arteries. The data analysis is based on a two-layered arterial wall model and the theory of large elastic deformations. The energy density functions for both layers are exponentials. The results show that the media and the adventitia are anisotropic; that the media is stiffer, more non linear, and subjected to higher stresses than commonly assumed; and that both layers are stiffer in the axial direction than in the tangential direction. PMID- 6520133 TI - Design sensitivity analysis: a new method for implant design and a comparison with parametric finite element analysis. AB - A unified theory of structural design sensitivity is proposed to be used in conjunction with the parametric design variation method traditionally used in finite element analyses applied to biomechanics problems. Bone cement strain energy density dependence on cement and stem modulii of elasticity as analyzed with the theory of structural design sensitivity analysis is compared parametrically varied finite element results. Two-dimensional, eight-noded isoparametric and interface finite elements with optimal stresses at Gauss points are employed. Design sensitivity for strain energy density compares well with perturbation of design and reanalysis by finite element techniques. PMID- 6520134 TI - In vivo forces on dental implants: hard-wiring and telemetry methods. AB - Methods are presented for measuring vertical force components on bridged titanium dental implants in dog mandibles. These methods have included custom-made strain gauge transducers, plus hard-wiring and telemetric schemes for data collection. The essential components of the measurement system are described, and typical bite force data are illustrated. PMID- 6520135 TI - Axisymmetric finite element analysis of tourniquet application on limb. AB - An axisymmetric finite element model of cuff on limb was developed. The model was used to simulate a clinical experiment by others in which the fluid pressure was measured at various points under a blood pressure cuff; the distribution of calculated hydrostatic stress was consistent with the clinical results. Simulations involving varying degrees of rounding at the edges of a tourniquet suggested that ensuring such rounding decreases maximum octahedral shear stress; this finding was consistent with studies by others using a two-dimensional physical model. The calculated stresses were highest at the tourniquet edges; this was consistent with nerve conduction and photomicrographic studies by others of damage caused by tourniquet use. PMID- 6520136 TI - Numerical simulation of aortic bifurcation flows: the effect of flow divider curvature. AB - Two dimensional steady flow calculations in computational regions obtained from radiographs of human aortic bifurcations correlate well with unsteady measurements of wall shear in flow-through casts of the same vessels. The results suggest that wall slope may be an important factor affecting the variability of shear along the medial walls of this arterial segment. If extremes of shear stress promote atherogenesis, then variations in the curvature of the proximal iliac arteries may affect the susceptibility of these vessels to vascular disease on their medial aspect. PMID- 6520137 TI - Application of Taylor's hypothesis to an unsteady convective field for the spectral analysis of turbulence in the aorta. AB - Two types of unsteadiness must be considered when spectral analysis is applied to unsteady turbulence such as that found in the aorta. Firstly, the statistical properties of the turbulence itself change in time and so the definition of spectral density must be reconsidered. Secondly, the turbulent velocity fluctuations, whether they are steady or unsteady, are carried by an unsteady convective velocity which alters their properties as seen by a stationary observer. In the present study, unsteadiness of turbulence in the latter sense is discussed by applying Taylor's hypothesis of 'frozen turbulence' to turbulence with an unsteady convective velocity. If both a 'frozen' pattern of turbulence and a constant convective velocity are assumed, measured frequency spectra can be easily transformed into wavenumber (spatial) spectra, usually as a trivial part of normalisation. In the case of unsteady turbulence, however, the convection velocity is no longer constant and the conventional method can not be used. A new method of estimating the spatial properties of unsteady turbulence is proposed in which the temporal fluctuations of the turbulent velocity are transformed into spatial fluctuations using a nonlinear transformation based upon the unsteady convective velocity. The transformed data are then Fourier analysed to yield a wavenumber spectrum directly. The proposed method is applied to data obtained in the canine ascending aorta. Spectra calculated by the proposed method differ significantly from those obtained by the conventional method, particularly in the high wavenumber (or frequency) range. This difference is discussed as an 'aliasing' phenomenon that has also been known in steady turbulence. PMID- 6520138 TI - Static vs dynamic loads as an influence on bone remodelling. AB - Remodelling activity in the avian ulna was assessed under conditions of disuse alone, disuse with a superimposed continuous compressive load, and disuse interrupted by a short daily period of intermittent loading. The ulnar preparation consisted of the 110mm section of the bone shaft between two submetaphyseal osteotomies. Each end of the preparation was transfixed by a stainless steel pin and the shaft either protected from normal functional loading with the pins joined by external fixators, loaded continuously in compression by joining the pins with springs, or loaded intermittently in compression for a single 100s period per day by engaging the pins in an Instron machine. Similar loads (525 N) were used in both static and dynamic cases. The strains engendered were determined by strain gauges, and at their maximum around the bone's midshaft were -0.002. The intermittent load was applied at a frequency of 1 Hz as a ramped square wave, with a rate of change of strain during the ramp of 0.01 s-1. Peak strain at the midshaft of the ulna during wing flapping in the intact bone was recorded from bone bonded strain gauges in vivo as -0.0033 with a maximum rate of change of strain of 0.056 s-1. Examination of bone sections from the midpoint of the preparation after an 8 week period indicated that in both non-loaded and statically loaded bones there was an increase in both endosteal diameter and intra cortical porosity. These changes produced a decrease in cross sectional area which was similar in the two groups (-13%).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6520139 TI - A comparison of hip joint forces in sheep, dog and man. AB - The hip joint forces of sheep and dogs were measured with instrumented endoprostheses and the results were compared with reported data concerning these forces in man. In all animals load directions with 0 to 30 degrees inclinations relative to the femoral axis predominated. The transverse components mostly acted from medio-ventral directions. While the force orientations varied little during each single stance phase, they changed rapidly during the swing phase. Strong inter- and intra-individual differences of load directions were found in all animals. Irregular forces, acting upwards or transverse to the femur, were frequently observed. Maximum joint forces were up to 110% of body weight and depended more on the postoperative time than on the walking speed. Load orientations in the animals were similar to those reported for man. In this regard sheep and dogs appear equally well suited for tests of hip endoprostheses for man. PMID- 6520140 TI - Principles of measurement of vertebral rotation from frontal projections of the pedicles. AB - Measurement of vertebral rotation from frontal X-ray projections of the pedicles was introduced by Nash and Moe. By the introduction of a vertebral model, their method and different modifications can be described and characterized easily. A geometrical analysis shows, that two parameters are sufficient for this model. When applying an appropriate interpretation of vertebral rotation, rotation measurement can be performed independent of lateral tilting and forward-backward inclination. As a test of the Nash-Moe method 65 vertebrae are each investigated from 15 directions. The measurements are analyzed for each pedicle separately and also compared to the opposite pedicle of the particular vertebra. The results indicate figures for the accuracy of the Nash-Moe method and its modifications for absolute and relative measurements. A simple correction to the Nash-Moe method is proposed. PMID- 6520141 TI - Axonal microtubules of crayfish and spiny lobster nerve cords are decorated with a heat-stable protein of high molecular weight. AB - Axons of crayfish and spiny lobster ventral nerve cords contain large numbers of microtubules that are decorated with fine filaments. These microtubules can be stabilized in permeabilized axons using buffers that contain either polyethylene glycol or glycerol/dimethyl sulphoxide. In the former, the stabilized microtubules retain their filaments and their normal spacing; in the latter, the filaments are stripped off and the bare microtubules collapse onto one another. This observation has been used as the basis for a method of identifying some of the proteins that make up the filaments. Axons are first permeabilized and stabilized in either buffer and then treated with a microtubule-depolymerizing buffer. The axons treated first with polyethylene glycol release tubulin and significant quantities of microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs), while the axons pre-treated with glycerol release tubulin and only traces of associated proteins. One of the proteins released in largest quantity along with tubulin from polyethylene glycol-treated axons is a high molecular weight, heat-stable MAP that co-electrophoreses with MAP-2 from mammalian brain. This same protein co purifies with tubulin that is obtained from crayfish nerve cords by two cycles of polymerization and depolymerization. It is concluded that this protein is a component of the filaments that decorate the axonal microtubules of the crayfish and spiny lobster. PMID- 6520142 TI - G and/or C-bands in plant chromosomes? AB - Similarities and differences become evident from comparisons of centromeric and non-centromeric banding patterns in plant and animal chromosomes. Similar to C and G-banding in animals (at least most of the reptiles, birds and mammals), centromeric and nucleolus-organizing region bands as well as interstitially and/or terminally located non-centromeric bands may occur in plants, depending on the kind and strength of pretreatment procedures. The last group of bands may sometimes be subdivided into broad regularly occurring 'marker' bands and thinner bands of more variable appearance. Non-centromeric bands in plants often correspond to blocks of constitutive heterochromatin that are rich in simple sequence DNA and sometimes show polymorphism; they thus resemble C-bands. However, most of these bands contain late-replicating DNA. Also they are sometimes rich A X T base-pairs, closely adjacent to each other and positionally identical to Feulgen+ and Q+ bands, thus being comparable to mammalian G-bands. Although banding that is reverse to the non-centromeric bands after Giemsa staining is still uncertain in plants, reverse banding patterns can be obtained with Feulgen or with pairs of A X T versus G X C-specific fluorochromes. It is therefore concluded that not all of the plant Giemsa banding patterns correspond to C-banding of mammalian chromosomes. Before the degree of homology between different Giemsa banding patterns in plants and G and/or C-bands in mammals is finally elucidated, the use of the neutral term 'Giemsa band', specified by position (e.g. centromeric, proximal, interstitial, terminal), is suggested to avoid confusion. PMID- 6520143 TI - Comparative freeze-fracture study of perialgal and digestive vacuoles in Paramecium bursaria. AB - In the endosymbiotic unit of Paramecium bursaria (Ciliata) and Chlorella sp. (Chlorophyceae) algae are enclosed individually in perialgal vacuoles, which do not show acid phosphatase activity and thus differ from digestive vacuoles. Both types of vacuoles have been studied by freeze-fracture. Perialgal vacuoles are nearly spherical; their membrane always fits tightly to the algal surface. The vacuole size and shape do not vary much. During division of the algal cell into four autospores the vacuole diameter only doubles. After autospore formation the vacuole invaginates around the algal daughter cells and divides. Newly formed perialgal vacuoles remain in intimate contact and exhibit characteristic attachment zones before final separation. The two fracture faces of perialgal vacuole membranes are homogeneously covered with intramembranous particles (IMPs) but rarely show signs of vesicles pinching off or fusing with the membrane, except during vacuole division. The P-faces bear more IMPs (3164 +/- 625 IMP/micron 2) than the E-faces (654 +/- 208 IMP/micron 2). The range of IMP density on both faces is enormous, suggesting that the membrane is not static. Membrane changes are supposed to occur simultaneously with the enlargement of the vacuole and to be caused by fusion with cytoplasmic vesicles, as the fractured necks on vacuole membranes may indicate. Digestive vacuoles in P. bursaria show significant variations in size, shape, membrane topography and IMP density, as well as signs of endocytic activity. Different vacuole populations are present in P. bursaria according to different feeding conditions: ciliates fed for a long time have small vacuoles with few IMPs (322 +/- 198 IMP/micron 2 on the E-faces, 1438 +/- 458 IMP/micron 2 on the P-faces), which are probably condensed digestive vacuoles, whereas organisms fed for a short time have larger vacuoles with highly particulate faces (680 +/- 282 IMP/micron 2 on the E-faces, 2701 +/- 503 IMP/micron 2 on the P-faces) and thus are supposed to be older vacuoles. The digestive vacuole membrane changes continuously. Compared to digestive vacuoles perialgal vacuoles are characterized by small size combined with high IMP density on the two fracture faces. Their IMP densities resemble those of old digestive vacuole membranes. However, it would be premature to conclude that membranes of perialgal and old digestive vacuoles are identical. Membranes of old digestive vacuoles are mainly derived from lysosomal material, which presumably does not contribute to the formation of perialgal vacuole membranes as is indicated by the small vacuole diameter; fusion with lysosomes would considerably enlarge it.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6520144 TI - The response of human monocytes to interaction with immobilized immune complexes. AB - The interaction between human peripheral blood monocytes and immobilized immune complexes has been monitored by morphological and biochemical criteria using an established model system previously used with human eosinophils. The model consists of an agar layer containing immune complexes. Monocytes flatten extensively on these layers and make very close contact with the agar surface; cells incubated on control layers, without antibody, are more loosely attached. After 15 min incubation on immobilized immune complexes there is a 'pulse' of lysosomal enzyme release from the monocytes and electron micrographs indicate that extracellular secretion occurs. Simultaneously, two proteins with apparent molecular weights of 50 000 and 25 000 appear at the cell surface as a specific consequence of the interaction with immune complexes. These newly accessible proteins were detected by lactoperoxidase-catalysed iodination, and the major of the two (labelled M3) has similarities to a protein with an apparent molecular weight of 55 000 of human eosinophils (labelled protein 3), which has been shown to be closely associated with the eosonophil Fc receptor. It will be of interest to establish whether a similar association occurs in monocytes. PMID- 6520145 TI - Heterochromatin, the synaptonemal complex and crossing over. AB - A combined light- and electron-microscopic examination of chromosomes from two angiospermous plants, Plantago ovata and Lycopersicon esculentum, and a mammal, Mus musculus, was performed. From this investigation three observations have been made that may be relevant to the observed lack of crossing over in heterochromatin. (1) Differential staining indicates that heterochromatin represents a smaller fraction of the length of pachytene chromosomes than it represents in the length of mitotic metaphase chromosomes. Since the synaptonemal complex (SC) runs throughout the length of these pachytene chromosomes, it is under-represented in heterochromatin. Considering the evidence for a rough correlation between the length of SC and the amount of crossing over, this could result in less crossing over in heterochromatin than expected on the basis of its length in mitotic metaphase chromosomes. (2) Electron microscopy indicates that, unlike the SC in euchromatin, the SC in heterochromatin is densely ensheathed in highly compact chromatin. If crossing over occurs in the SC or even in the surrounding chromatin, the compaction of the chromatin may prevent the penetration of enzymes needed in recombination. (3) Finally, a difference in the structure of SCs in euchromatin versus heterochromatin was observed that could be associated with the lack of crossing over in heterochromatin. PMID- 6520146 TI - Rapid subgraph search using parallelism. AB - A new parallel processing algorithm is reported for subgraph matching. Parallelism is achieved for the first time within the process of node-by-node matching of two individual graphs. A SIMULA program is described for simulating this parallel subgraph search algorithm. Simulation results from a series of chemical substructure search problems show an average utilization of 84% on a 25 processor machine and up to a 24-fold speed enhancement over a single processor. Potential applications include starting material selections for synthesis as well as general substructure search problems. PMID- 6520147 TI - Fast protein liquid chromatofocusing of lyophilized native haemoglobin and its chemically modified derivatives. PMID- 6520148 TI - Separation of glyoxylated hemoglobin with varying oxygen affinity by polyanion fast protein liquid chromatography. PMID- 6520149 TI - Purity assay of niflumic acid by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. PMID- 6520150 TI - High-performance liquid chromatographic procedure for the determination of di-(2 ethylhexyl)phthalate in human blood specimens. Problems of variable-extraction yield and the use of standard addition for calibration. AB - A high-performance liquid chromatographic procedure was developed for the determination of di-(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) concentrations in human whole blood samples. The solvent extraction of DEHP was found to be highly variable between samples obtained from different subjects (coefficient of variation of 30.4%). The recovery of DEHP following extraction with ethyl acetate was negatively correlated with serum lipid content, as expressed by the sum of serum cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations (r = -0.864). The technique of standard addition of DEHP allowed a single-point calibration of DEHP extractability in individual blood samples, and provided an accurate estimation of DEHP concentration (coefficient of variation of approximately 6% in replicate samples). The potential for intersample variability in the solvent extraction of other highly lipid-soluble compounds should be considered. PMID- 6520151 TI - Determination of benperidol in human plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography. AB - A high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the quantitative determination of benperidol in human plasma using haloperidol as internal standard is described. The method involves liquid-liquid extraction, separation of the substances on a reversed-phase column C18 followed by ultraviolet detection at 254 nm. The mobile phase consists of 32% acetonitrile in 0.05 M potassium dihydrogen phosphate buffer (pH 2.8). The detection limit is 0.5-1.0 ng/ml using 2- or 4-ml plasma samples. PMID- 6520152 TI - High-performance liquid chromatographic method for the analysis of a candidate 8 aminoquinoline antileishmanial drug using oxidative electrochemical detection. AB - An analytical method was developed for the quantitation of a candidate antileishmanial drug, 6-methoxy-8-(6-diethylaminohexylamino)-4-methylquinoline, dihydrochloride, in canine plasma. The assay utilized internal standard technique with a structural similar 8-aminoquinoline, 6-methoxy-8-(7 diethylaminoheptylamino)-4-methylquinoline, dihydrochloride, as the internal standard. The method employs a liquid-solid extraction procedure with prepackaged silica gel columns upon which the drug and internal standard are adsorbed, then selectively washed and eluted. Reversed-phase chromatography was then employed to analyze the extracted sample by means of oxidative electrochemical detection at +0.75 V. Good accuracy and precision were obtained over the range of concentration tested (10-1500 ng/ml plasma). Analyses of plasma samples from human volunteers given the drug demonstrate the method is also suitable for analysis of human plasma samples. The entire procedure is relatively simple and requires only 1 ml of plasma. PMID- 6520153 TI - Determination of adriamycin, adriamycinol and their 7-deoxyaglycones in human serum by high-performance liquid chromatography. AB - A reversed-phase isocratic high-performance liquid chromatographic assay is described for the measurement of adriamycin, adriamycinol and their 7 deoxyaglycones in human serum. The lower limit of detection in serum is 3 ng/ml for adriamycin and 1 ng/ml for adriamycinol and the 7-deoxyaglycones with coefficients of variation for k' of less than 5% throughout the day. An extraction technique for serum is described which is capable of an almost equal recovery (greater than 77%) of adriamycin, metabolites and daunorubicin (the internal standard) without interference from endogenous components of serum. Serum concentrations of metabolites 15 min after intravenous bolus administration of 40 mg/m2 adriamycin in two different patients were 26.5 and 16.6 ng/ml for adriamycinol; 109.8 and 5.8 ng/ml for the adriamycinol 7-deoxyaglycone and 21.4 and 17.1 ng/ml for the adriamycin 7-deoxyaglycone. A total of six metabolites of adriamycin were detected in the two patients using this methodology. PMID- 6520154 TI - New rapid method of analysis of cefoxitin in serum and bone, by high-performance liquid chromatography. AB - A method for the extraction and quantification of cefoxitin in blood and bone samples is described in this paper. The procedure, which prepares biological material for reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic analysis is convenient, rapid and reproducible. It also allows for use of cephalothin as an internal standard in measuring serum cefoxitin levels. Conventional extraction procedures, involving use of organic solvents, generally yield drug recoveries of 60-80%. Use of Baker--10 SPE disposable extraction columns allowed us to consistently obtain greater than 98% recovery of both cefoxitin and cephalothin. Methods for quantification of the extracted drugs include comparison of peak ratios (for serum) or peak heights (for bone) to first-order equations obtained from regression analyses. PMID- 6520155 TI - Quantitative analysis of aromatic amines in human urine by gas chromatography mass spectrometry-selected-ion monitoring. PMID- 6520156 TI - Dihydrocaffeic acid: a common contaminant in the liquid chromatographic electrochemical measurement of plasma catecholamines in man. PMID- 6520157 TI - [Automatic liquid chromatography of urinary dopamine]. PMID- 6520158 TI - Ascorbic acid oxidase speeds up analysis for catecholamines, indoleamines and their metabolites in brain tissue using high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. PMID- 6520159 TI - Gas chromatographic analysis of endogenous catecholamines, phenolic amines and derived isoquinolines using short glass capillary columns and electron-capture detection. AB - A gas chromatographic method is described for the concomitant separation and analysis of catecholamines, catecholamine or 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethylamine condensation products (tetrahydroisoquinolines), and their isomeric mono-O-methyl (phenolic) metabolites which may be present in neuronal tissues, utilizing short glass capillary columns and electron-capture detection. Isomeric phenolic amines that were not generally separable with conventional-packed gas chromatographic columns were rapidly resolved on the capillary system, and with their catecholamine or catechol isoquinoline precursors, quantitated with high sensitivity (0.25-7.0 pg) and reproducibility. Key steps in the approach with tissues include initial amine isolation with a weak cation-exchange resin (BioRex 70), fluoracyl derivative formation, and brief washing of the derivatives with ammonium phosphate buffer (pH 5.8) just prior to capillary analysis; overall recoveries of amines or alkaloids added to rat brain homogenates ranged from 79% to 89%. Application of the method is demonstrated in an assay of endogenous dopamine in rat corpus striatum and hypothalamus. This new procedure should complement and in some instances may be preferred over liquid chromatographic assays for catecholic and phenolic amines and isoquinolines, and ought to be applicable to mass spectrometric detectors as well. PMID- 6520160 TI - Determination of non-protein-bound N-acetylcysteine in plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography. PMID- 6520161 TI - Determination of alpha-tocopherol in human plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. PMID- 6520162 TI - Quantitative analysis of cystathionine and perhydro-1,4-thiazepine-3,5 dicarboxylic acid in the urine of a patient with cystathioninuria using isotachophoresis. PMID- 6520164 TI - Rapid gas chromatographic determination of ifosfamide in biological fluids. PMID- 6520163 TI - Gas-liquid chromatographic analysis with electron-capture detection of diclofensine in human plasma following derivatization. PMID- 6520165 TI - Rapid and sensitive analysis of terazosin in plasma, peritoneal dialysis solution, and urine using high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. PMID- 6520166 TI - High-performance liquid chromatographic analysis of naloxone in human serum. PMID- 6520167 TI - Determination of bupivacaine in human plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography. PMID- 6520168 TI - Detection of nalbuphine in plasma: an improved high-performance liquid chromatographic assay. PMID- 6520169 TI - Determination of free 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol with several other monoamine metabolites in plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography with amperometric detection. AB - A reversed-phase liquid chromatographic method with amperometric detection has been developed for determining free 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol in plasma. The method is based on a simple and rapid extraction procedure employing a small C18 column. Vanillyl alcohol was used as an internal standard to obtain a good reproducibility. The 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol concentrations measured with the present method were in reasonable agreement with recently published data using high-performance liquid chromatography with amperometric detection and gas chromatography with mass spectrometry. The additional advantage of the present assay is that it can be performed in parallel with the quantification of other monoamine metabolites in plasma. PMID- 6520170 TI - Analysis of dansyl derivatives of di- and polyamines in mouse brain, human serum and duodenal biopsy specimens by high-performance liquid chromatography on a standard reversed-phase column. AB - The concentrations of putrescine, spermine and spermidine were measured in human serum, children's duodenal biopsy specimens and mouse brain homogenates by high performance liquid chromatography. The chromatographic analysis was performed on dansyl derivatives of the polyamines using a reverse-phase system with an ion pairing retention mechanism (heptane sulphonate). Capacity factors were determined at different concentrations of acetonitrile. Simple linear gradients were set up for fast (15 min) or routine (25 min) analysis. Three fluorescence detectors were compared for these determinations and their detection limits determined. The minimum detectable amount of polyamines was 25 fmol compared to 500 fmol with standard detectors. While samples prepared from tissues did not require a high sensitivity, a detector of better performance was needed to assay the polyamines in human serum. PMID- 6520171 TI - Rapid ion-exchange method for the determination of 3-methylhistidine in rat urine and skeletal muscle. AB - A method for the determination of 3-methylhistidine using an automatic amino acid analyser has been developed. A single column system with lithium buffer (pH 3.950, 0.500 mol/l lithium and 0.067 mol/l citrate) was used for elution. The standard amino acid mixture of basic amino acids and some dipeptides usually present in physiological fluids was analysed for the development of the method. 3 Methylhistidine eluted in 46.7 +/- 0.049 min and the peak area coefficient of variation for the same sample was 1.07%. As 3-methylhistidine is completely resolved from the other basic amino acids and some dipeptides (anserine and carnosine), this method is suitable for the analysis of urine and muscle extracts as well as skeletal muscle protein hydrolysates where this amino acid is present in much lower concentrations than other amino acids. PMID- 6520172 TI - Rapid measurement of oestradiol and oestriol by high-performance liquid chromatography after automatic pretreatment. AB - A fluorometric liquid chromatographic method was developed for measurements of unconjugated oestradiol and oestriol in the serum of pregnant women. The serum samples are injected directly into the apparatus and pass to a pretreatment column, where oestrogens are adsorbed while hydrophilic components such as proteins and carbohydrates are not. The oestrogens then pass into a separation column containing a new type of polymer gel. The mobile phase consists of an acetonitrile-water mixture, and separation is achieved by a reversed-phase mechanism. The eluent is monitored for fluorescence. Data on the reproducibility and recovery by this method and the correlation of values with those obtained by radioimmunoassay are reported. Results on the increases of oestradiol and oestriol in the serum during pregnancy are also reported. PMID- 6520173 TI - High-performance liquid chromatographic measurement of guanidino compounds of clinical importance in human urine and serum by pre-column fluorescence derivatization using benzoin. AB - High-performance liquid chromatographic microanalyses for guanidino compounds in human physiological fluids have been accomplished by means of a pre-column fluorescence derivatization method using benzoin. The guanidino compounds in urine or deproteinized serum after ultrafiltration are converted to the fluorescent derivatives with benzoin in an alkaline medium, and the derivatives are separated simultaneously within 25 min on a reversed-phase column (mu Bondapak Phenyl) with a linear gradient elution of methanol in aqueous mobile phase (pH 8.5). The method permits the quantitative determination of guanidinosuccinic acid, methylguanidine, taurocyamine and guanidinobutyric acid at concentrations of as low as 8-78 pmol/ml in human urine and serum. PMID- 6520174 TI - Analysis of 1- and 3-methylhistidines, aromatic and basic amino acids in rat and human urine. AB - A procedure based on automated amino acid analysis has been developed to simultaneously quantify 1-methylhistidine (1-MH), 3-methylhistidine (3-MH), tyrosine, phenylalanine, tryptophan, lysine, histidine and arginine levels in human and rat urines. Deproteinized urine samples containing amino acids in the range 1-10 nmol were analyzed using single-column methodology with ninhydrin detection. Standard curves produced correlation coefficients greater than or equal to 0.99 with duplicate analyses agreeing to within +/- 1.9%. Quantitative recovery was ensured by using L-alpha-amino-beta-guanidinopropionic acid as an internal standard. Elution was accomplished in less than 90 min at pH 5.7 with sodium citrate buffers at 45 degrees C and 65 degrees C. Since 3-MH in the rat is acetylated at the alpha-amino group, rat, but not human, urine ultrafiltrates required acid hydrolysis prior to analysis. The utility of the technique of analysis of 1-MH and 3-MH in human urine was demonstrated for an adult male on a meat-free diet for 21 days; urinary excretion rates for 3-MH and 1-MH were determined to be 3.06 +/- 0.10 and 0.72 +/- 0.07 mumol/kg body mass/day, respectively. The technique was also used to measure the effect of disuse atrophy of rat skeletal muscle which induced a 40-60% increase in 3-MH. The procedure is also highly suited for measurement of urinary aromatic and/or basic amino acids. PMID- 6520175 TI - Liquid-liquid extraction of membranes from calf brain using conventional and centrifugal counter-current distribution techniques. AB - Neural membranes isolated from calf brain have been partitioned in aqueous two phase systems containing dextran and polyethyleneglycol. When the partition was repeated several times, using counter-current distribution technique, the distribution of the membranes between the upper phase and the interface changed in a non-ideal manner and in favour of the interface. By using a centrifugal counter-current distribution device the time for the experiment could be reduced by a factor of 7-8 and the distribution was similar to what could be expected for ideally behaving membranes. The time-dependent change of the membranes is discussed in terms of aggregation and lateral membrane perturbations. Despite this effect a certain fractionation has been achieved as deduced from analysis of cholesterol content, opiate receptor activity and acetylcholinesterase activity along the counter-current distribution row of fractions. Compared to the starting material these activities were enriched some two-fold in certain fractions. PMID- 6520176 TI - Simultaneous determination of lidocaine and its metabolites in plasma and myocardium. AB - No validated method exists for measuring lidocaine and its metabolites in myocardial tissue. We modified a previously described high-performance liquid chromatographic assay and applied it to plasma and to homogenized myocardial samples obtained from dogs that had received lidocaine by a double-infusion technique. Recovery of lidocaine, monoethylglycylxylidide and glycylxylidide after homogenization and extraction is reported. Assay variability, sensitivity and linearity over a wide range of sample sizes are also described. The results obtained with high-performance liquid chromatographic analysis are compared to quantitation of 14C-labeled lidocaine plus metabolites measured by an oxidation scintillation technique. Myocardium to plasma partition coefficients for lidocaine, monoethylglycylxylidide and glycylxylidide were 2.16, 4.27, and 2.91, respectively. PMID- 6520177 TI - Improved method for the determination of aspirin and its metabolites in biological fluids by high-performance liquid chromatography: applications to human and animal studies. AB - An improved method has been developed for the determination of acetylsalicylic acid, salicylic acid, gentisic acid, and salicyluric acid in plasma and urine of rabbits and man. Samples are extracted with dichloromethane containing mephenytoin as an internal standard, the solvent is evaporated under reduced pressure, the residue reconstituted and analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography. Extraction efficiencies, linearity and assay precision were determined. This method has been applied to human bioavailability studies and the data are presented. PMID- 6520178 TI - Determination of salbutamol in human serum by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with amperometric detection. AB - A simple and sensitive method for the quantitative determination of salbutamol in human serum using reversed-phase ion-pair high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection is described. The method involves the combined use of Sep-Pak cartridges and ion-pair extraction for sample clean-up, and subsequent separation of salbutamol and the internal standard from interfering compounds on a reversed-phase column. An amperometric detector incorporating a glassy carbon electrode was employed for detection. The inter-assay coefficients of variation at plasma concentrations of 2.0, 6.0 and 20.0 ng/ml were 7.3%, 7.2% and 8.5%, respectively (n = 20). The minimum detection limit was 400 pg/ml from a 0.5-ml sample of serum. The method can be readily utilised for clinical pharmacokinetic studies. PMID- 6520179 TI - High-performance liquid chromatographic assay for labetalol in human plasma using a PRP-1 column and fluorometric detection. AB - A high-performance liquid chromatographic assay for the determination of labetalol, a novel antihypertensive agent, in human plasma was developed. Reversed-phase separation of labetalol and the internal standard was accomplished on a 150 X 4.1 mm column commercially packed with a spherical (8-12 micron particle size) macroporous co-polymer (PRP-1). Unlike silica-based columns, the unique properties of PRP-1 permit operation at pH extremes. Based on this advantage, a mobile phase which was sufficiently basic (pH 9.5) to optimize the fluorescent yield of analyte and provide the necessary specificity was selected. Detector response (peak area ratio) was linear from 4 to 500 ng/nl. Following a simple extraction procedure, samples were automatically injected and analyzed using micro-processor-controlled equipment. No interferences were observed in the extracts obtained from drug-free plasma which were processed under the conditions described for unchanged drug. The limit of quantitation using 0.5 ml of plasma was validated to 4 ng/ml. The inter-assay precision (coefficient of variation) was less than 4.6% at all concentrations evaluated from 4 to 300 ng/ml. This method is suitable for the routine quantitation of labetalol or its RR isomer (dilevalol) in plasma (0-24 h) following the administration of therapeutically effective doses to man. PMID- 6520180 TI - Reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic separation of 14C-labelled toloxatone and its metabolites. AB - A method for the analytical and micropreparative separation of toloxatone and its urinary metabolites in man is described. Toloxatone was given as an aqueous solution and was labelled with 14C. Following solvent extraction of urine, before and after enzymatic hydrolysis, one-step thin-layer chromatography on silica gel in combination with reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography, gave a good micropreparative separation for mass spectrometric analysis. After lyophilization of the high-performance liquid chromatographic fractions, the purity of the metabolites was checked by thin-layer chromatography. Acetic acid was chosen to regulate the pH of the mobile phase (acetonitrile-water) because it can be easily removed by lyophilization when a preparative separation is desired. The retention times as a function of the pH have been evaluated. Formic acid is also proposed for the optimization of the high-performance liquid chromatographic analysis. The quantitative analysis of 14C-labelled toloxatone and its metabolites was carried out, after solvent extraction of 2 ml of urine, using the same high-performance liquid chromatographic method with off-line and flow through radioactivity detection. PMID- 6520181 TI - Determination of a new orally active cephalosporin in human plasma and urine by high-performance liquid chromatography using automated column switching. AB - A sensitive method for the determination of a new cephalosporin in human serum and urine is described. The sensitivity of the procedure is derived from a high performance liquid chromatographic separation which utilizes the different selectivities of two columns. Partial separation of the agent from deproteinized serum or diluted urine is achieved by an anion-exchange column. To concentrate the large volume of the eluent fraction containing the compound from the anion exchange column, a reversed-phase short column is placed between the anion exchange column and a reversed-phase analytical column. The separation is completed by switching the eluent fraction containing the compound from the second column to the analytical column. The compound is detected by ultraviolet absorption at 295 nm. Quantitation is possible down to 0.05 microgram/ml using 300 microliter of serum and down to 0.5 microgram/ml using 50 microliter of urine. The coefficients of variation of the method are 6.8% and 0.6% in serum when spiked at the 0.05 microgram/ml and 1.0 microgram/ml level, respectively. One assay can be completed in 16 min. Serum levels and urinary excretion data obtained with this method are given for three healthy volunteers who had received a 100-mg oral dose of the compound. PMID- 6520182 TI - Whole-cell methanolysis as a rapid method for differentiation between Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans and Haemophilus aphrophilus. PMID- 6520183 TI - Method for total 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol extraction from urine, plasma and brain tissue using bonded-phase materials: comparison with the ethyl acetate extraction method. PMID- 6520184 TI - Direct determination of urinary vanillylmandelic acid and homovanillic acid by high-performance liquid chromatography on an anion-exchange column. PMID- 6520185 TI - Rapid and sensitive amino acid analysis of human collagens using high-performance liquid chromatography. PMID- 6520186 TI - Simultaneous determination of tryptamine and its metabolites in mouse brain by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorometric detection. PMID- 6520187 TI - Assay for histidine decarboxylase in rat stomach and brain by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. PMID- 6520188 TI - Rapid analysis of adenosine, AMP, ADP, and ATP by anion-exchange column chromatography. PMID- 6520189 TI - Thin-layer chromatography of hydroxylysine for collagen analysis. PMID- 6520190 TI - Determination of linogliride in biological fluids by high-performance liquid chromatography. PMID- 6520191 TI - Improved high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the quantitation of cis-thiothixene in plasma samples using trans-thiothixene as internal standard. PMID- 6520192 TI - Determination of pindolol in human plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography with amperometric detection. PMID- 6520194 TI - Determination of ibuprofen in human plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography. PMID- 6520193 TI - Determination of trilostane and ketotrilostane in human plasma by high performance liquid chromatography. PMID- 6520195 TI - New method for the determination of yohimbine in biological fluids by high performance liquid chromatography with amperometric detection. PMID- 6520196 TI - Differentiation of Newcastle disease virus strains by one-dimensional peptide mapping. AB - One-dimensional peptide mapping was used for the differentiation of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) strains. Virions were purified in one step, and digested with Staphylococcus aureus V8 protease or chymotrypsin without prior separation of their proteins. Peptides were separated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and stained with Coomassie blue. This method proved to be a simple, economic and reproducible means of differentiating NDV strains. PMID- 6520197 TI - Differences in the morphology of isometric particles of some plant viruses stained with uranyl acetate as an aid to their identification. AB - Purified preparations of viruses with small polyhedral particles representing ten distinct taxonomic groups were examined by electron microscopy after negative staining with uranyl acetate. Comparisons of the relative size, shape and surface appearance of the particles established that some of them could be distinguished at the group level. However, the particles of viruses belonging to the bromovirus group could not be distinguished from those of the cucumovirus group, the nepovirus group from those of the comovirus group, and the tombusvirus group from those of the dianthovirus group. Furthermore, the particles of viruses of the sobemovirus, lutoevirus and tobacco necrosis virus groups were indistinguishable. The usefulness of the observed differences in the particle morphologies to virus identification is discussed. PMID- 6520198 TI - Isopycnic centrifugation of plant viruses in Nycodenz density gradients. AB - Isopycnic centrifugation of plant viruses in density gradients prepared from a new non-ionic medium (Nycodenz) was investigated. Particle density of luteo-, tymo-, nepo-, cocksfoot mild mosaic, tobamo-, hordei-like, potex- and potyviruses in buffered solutions of Nycodenz ranged between 1.23 and 1.28 g/ml and did not strictly reflect their nucleic acid and protein composition. Isopycnic centrifugation of several partially purified viruses yielded preparations which were pure by electron microscopy and, when used as immunogens in rabbit or hen, gave antisera with low titers of antibodies against host plant antigens, as required for enzyme immunoassays. A preparation of purified potato leafroll virus contained a single dominant protein corresponding to the viral coat protein. It is concluded that isopycnic centrifugation in Nycodenz density gradients is particularly useful for the purification and analysis of plant viruses which are unstable in cesium chloride solutions, such as the luteoviruses, and preferable to zonal centrifugation in sucrose density gradients for the purification of rod shaped multipartite viruses or viruses which aggregate. PMID- 6520199 TI - [Re-examination of cholesterol monohydrate and sterols in cholesterol gallstones by infrared spectroscopy, X-ray analysis and mass spectrometry]. PMID- 6520200 TI - [A morphological study of the lumbar azygos vein of the Japanese adult]. PMID- 6520201 TI - [A fundamental and clinical study on treadmill exercise testing]. PMID- 6520202 TI - [Studies on clinical and physiological changes associated with swimming by pregnant women]. PMID- 6520203 TI - [Studies on headache in the acute stage of cerebral infarction]. PMID- 6520204 TI - [Ocular diseases in diabetes. Diabetic retinopathy]. PMID- 6520205 TI - Studies on the serum adenosine deaminase activity test in patients with hepatitis. PMID- 6520206 TI - Tissue concentrations of biogenic amines in experimental brain tumors. HPLC and clinical application (VII). PMID- 6520208 TI - [Active enzymes and EC-SOD (extracellular superoxide dismutase)]. PMID- 6520207 TI - Lipoprotein lipase secretion by human monocytes and guinea pig alveolar macrophages in culture. PMID- 6520209 TI - Head measurements in newborn infants. AB - The present study establishes normal anthropometric standards for head length and head width in newborn infants born between 27 and 41 gestational weeks. These parameters were measured in 198 term and preterm newborn infants, and their relation to head circumference was determined for each gestational week. The results are presented as growth curves for gestational age. PMID- 6520210 TI - Sibling correlations for cranial measurements from serial radiographs. AB - Sibling correlations are presented for nine craniofacial measurements from lateral cephalometric radiographs of participants in the Fels Longitudinal Study of Growth and their siblings. Because the data were collected serially, measurements on sibs at the same age can be compared at one-year intervals. Sibling correlations are generally lowest during the first year of life and highest as adulthood is approached, but no interpretable pattern is established during the intervening years. Most of the correlations are significantly greater than zero, and many exceed 0.5, the value expected for a completely heritable polygenic trait. This suggests that common sibling environment contributes to sibling resemblance for craniofacial dimensions in our sample. PMID- 6520211 TI - Genetic variation and craniofacial growth in inbred rats. AB - There has been no experimental study clarifying the contribution of genetic variation to craniofacial growth on a longitudinal basis, although its importance is generally accepted. Utilizing diallel crosses of five strains of inbred rats, the present study concerns an estimation of the contribution genetic variation makes to the longitudinal change of craniofacial size. The overall sizes of craniofacial complex components of F1-offspring rats were investigated postnatally by means of roentgenographic cephalometry, and quantitative genetic analysis was performed by the method of Wearden [1964]. It was revealed that the relative contributions of the genetic and environmental components to total variance in craniofacial size varied with age and that the genetic component of variance significantly increased until the 80th day. On the other hand, the maternal component of variance showed the maximum value during the early periods of postnatal growth (ie, the 10th to 25th day), gradually declining thereafter to a very small amount by the 80th day. The environmental component of variance increased slightly and gradually with age through the experimental period. In conclusion it appeared that genetic variation became more significant during longitudinal growth of the craniofacial complex as the maternal effects diminished. PMID- 6520212 TI - Folate deficiency and in vitro palatogenesis II: Effects of methotrexate on rabbit palate fusion, folate pools, and dihydrofolate reductase activity. AB - Folate deficiency during pregnancy induced by dietary deprivation or folate antagonists is teratogenic. Methotrexate is a commonly used antifolate drug that produces congenital defects, with the craniofacial complex being especially vulnerable. The molecular action of this compound, therefore, was examined in vitro using fetal rabbit palates in an organ culture system. Dihydrofolate reductase activity was measured in these palates on the 4 days preceding fusion. There was no significant fluctuation in activity with gestational age. Methotrexate treatment of the palates in vitro resulted in significant reduction of enzyme activity and also decreased total folate concentration. However, the in vitro fusion ability of these palates was not altered by exposure to methotrexate. These results suggest that since methotrexate is a potent inhibitor of DNA synthesis and has its maximal effect on rapidly dividing systems, the peak in cellular proliferative activity in the fetal rabbit palate occurs very early in its development. PMID- 6520213 TI - Regional ultrastructural and cytochemical comparisons of the epithelial mesenchymal interface during rat incisor development. AB - A major theme in understanding epithelial-mesenchymal interactions during development focuses upon regional mesenchyme specification of epithelial differentiation. One particularly useful epidermal organ system for studying this issue is the rodent continuously growing and erupting incisor tooth organ. One advantage of this particular system resides in the regional features of the rodent incisor tooth organ. Along the labial surface, inner dental epithelial cells differentiate into ameloblasts that produce enamel extracellular matrix, whereas the epithelia along the lingual surface do not become ameloblasts and do not produce enamel matrix. This study has been designed to compare ultrastructural features of labial versus lingual surfaces, with particular emphasis upon mesenchymal cell shape, the orientation of extracellular matrix collagen, the basal lamina, and the distribution of sulfated glycoconjugates. Critical analyses of the data indicated that different microenvironments exist between epithelia and mesenchyme in the labial versus the lingual surfaces of the developing rodent incisor tooth organ. PMID- 6520214 TI - Isolation of Streptococcus pneumoniae type 3 from equine species. AB - Streptococcus pneumoniae type 3 was isolated from seven tracheobronchial aspirates and one pleural tap of seven adult horses and one foal. There was no direct evidence in these horses that isolation of the pneumococcus was related to a specific disease syndrome. Presenting complaints included two horses with chronic cough, two horses with decreased exercise tolerance, one horse with exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage, and three horses with pneumonia. Antibiotic therapy resolved the primary clinical complaint. This is the first report of the isolation of S. pneumoniae type 3 from adult horses. PMID- 6520215 TI - Streptococcus faecium outbreak in a neonatal intensive care unit. AB - An outbreak of bacteremia and meningitis in a neonatal intensive care unit is described. Seven cases occurred in premature infants with severe underlying diseases. An epidemiological investigation failed to document the reservoir of the epidemic strain but suggested that its transmission among the infants was via the hands of hospital personnel. All patients had nasogastric tubes and multiple intravascular devices, and the portal of entry may have been either the gastrointestinal tract or the sites of the intravascular devices. Conventional biotyping of isolates failed to differentiate between isolates from infected patients and isolates recovered from prevalence surveys and from the environment. However, rapid identification systems (API-20S [Analytab Products, Plainview, N.Y.] and the AutoMicrobic system [Vitek Systems, Inc., Hazelwood, Mo.]) were able to distinguish isolates recovered from infected patients and hands of hospital personnel from isolates recovered during prevalence and environmental surveys and 29 isolates from widespread geographical areas. This is the first known report of a nosocomial neonatal outbreak of bacteremia and meningitis due to Streptococcus faecium; it underscores the importance of identifying streptococci to species level. PMID- 6520216 TI - Evaluation of the AutoMicrobic system for identification and susceptibility testing of gram-negative bacilli. AB - The AutoMicrobic system (AMS) (Vitek Systems, Inc., Hazelwood, Mo.) was compared with the API-20E system for the identification of gram-negative bacilli by using 380 stock clinical isolates and 377 immediately encountered fresh clinical isolates. For the stock isolates, with Enterobacteriaceae-Plus Biochemical Cards and automated interpretation, 364 (95.8%) were in agreement to the species level. For the fresh clinical isolates, agreement at the genus and species levels was 89.7 and 85.9%, respectively, when Enterobacteriaceae-Plus Cards were interpreted by the AMS. Manual interpretation of Enterobacteriaceae-Plus Biochemical Cards improved species level agreement to 91.0%. Subsequent retesting of all discrepant isolates with the Gram-Negative Identification Card resulted in significant improvement of results, and for the stock and fresh clinical isolates, species level agreement was 98.7 and 97.3%, respectively. AMS susceptibility testing was evaluated by comparing ampicillin and cephalothin MICs determined in parallel by AMS and a reference broth microdilution test for stock isolates, and by comparison of AMS and standardized disk agar diffusion test results for fresh clinical isolates. For the stock isolates, AMS mean integer MICs approximated microdilution mean integer MICs with AMS, providing excellent MIC replicability. For ampicillin and cephalothin, 50 and 46.8%, respectively, of AMS integer MICs were within +/- 1 microgram/ml of the reference values, and 89.3 and 63.1% of AMS integer MICs were within +/- 2 micrograms/ml of the reference values. For the fresh clinical isolates, AMS and reference results were in disagreement for 4.5% of the antimicrobial agents tested, with 2.3% as a combination of "major" and "very major" errors. PMID- 6520217 TI - Comparison of anaerobic susceptibility results obtained by two methods of inoculum preparation. AB - We evaluated the use of inocula prepared directly from blood agar plates in agar dilution susceptibility tests of anaerobic bacteria and compared the results with susceptibility results obtained from the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards proposed thioglycolate broth cultures. The objectives were to evaluate the reproducibility of each of the two methods of inoculum preparation and to compare the MICs obtained by each method. The reproducibility studies were conducted on 14 stock strains. The mode MICs obtained by the direct agar method were identical to those obtained by the reference broth method 74% of the time and within +/- 1 log2 dilution 100% of the time. The degree of reproducibility of each of the two methods was identical (93% +/- 1 log2 dilution). MIC results obtained by the direct agar method agreed with the MICs obtained by the reference broth culture method in 92.9% of 1,125 MIC data pair determinations performed on stock cultures. The reproducibility of the direct agar method within +/- 1 log2 dilution step for 115 fresh clinical isolates was 93%, including 93.4% of the results with the Bacteroides fragilis group. Only two very major discrepancies (false-susceptible by the agar method) were identified among the 708 MIC data pairs on these clinical isolates. Preparation of inocula directly from growth on agar plates provides a rapid and reproducible method for agar dilution susceptibility testing of anaerobes. PMID- 6520218 TI - Automated determination of anti-streptolysin O antibodies by a kinetic hemolytic method. AB - An automated method which uses oxidized Streptolysin O and determines the anti Streptolysin O titer in whole blood without dilution of the sample is described. The addition of a reducing agent starts the hemolysis at an initial rate which is inversely proportional to the anti-Streptolysin O titer of the sample. An instrument (Taso-matic), designed to automatically execute all of the procedures, was used. Comparison between the described method and the classical hemolytic method gave the following linear regression slope y = 1.06x-13 (r = 0.974). Precision of the method at two different anti-Streptolysin O titers (200 and 500 IU), expressed as relative standard deviation, was 12.1 and 4.7% in the between run procedure and 10.1 and 4.9% in the within-run procedure, respectively. PMID- 6520219 TI - Composition of the antigenic material removed from Campylobacter jejuni by heat. AB - The antigenic material removed form Campylobacter jejuni by the boiling of whole cells in saline was examined biochemically. Analyses showed that the extracted material contained 3 micrograms of protein per ml per mg of wet cells and ca. 2.6 micrograms of carbohydrate per ml per mg of wet cells. Further extraction of the material with chloroform-methanol produced about 0.5 microgram of water-insoluble residue per ml per mg of wet cells, suggesting the presence of lipid as well. Additional analyses revealed the presence of hexose, pentose, heptose, hexosamine, and 2-keto-3-deoxyoctonic acid, and the extract was also positive by the Limulus amoebocyte lysate assay for lipopolysaccharide. An examination by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed that at least 10 different protein bands could be detected. One of the major bands corresponded to the major outer membrane protein, as determined by comparison with an outer membrane protein preparation by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Another major protein in the heated extract corresponded to a band previously shown to be flagellin. An analysis of the time course of the release of material showed that a significant amount was removed after 3 to 10 min at 100 degrees C, but the release of material seemed to be delayed at lower temperatures. These results show that the treatment of C. jejuni with heat produces a complex mixture of components, including cell wall lipopolysaccharide, the major outer membrane protein, and flagellin. It is likely that some cytoplasmic components are present as well. Blebs of outer membrane have been observed with this organism by electron microscopy. Our results confirm this and suggest that the heating of cells accelerates this blebbing process. PMID- 6520220 TI - Infection of Syrian hamsters with Lyme disease spirochetes. AB - Syrian hamsters were shown to be susceptible to infection by the Lyme disease spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi. Although these spirochetes did not cause any outward signs of illness in these animals, they did cause a generalized infection. Spirochetemia was present during the first 6 days of infection. At 14 days postinfection, spirochetes could be isolated from one or more of the following organs: spleen, eyes, kidneys, liver, testes, and brain. Spirochetes were isolated from the eyes and kidneys of one animal 52 days postinfection, suggesting that these organisms may cause a persistent infection. Virulence of B. burgdorferi is maintained by animal passage but is lost upon prolonged in vitro cultivation. PMID- 6520221 TI - Differentiation of Bacteroides ovatus and Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron by means of bacteriophage. AB - Two members of the Bacteroides fragilis group, B. ovatus and B. thetaiotaomicron, are difficult to distinguish by biochemical methods. They are currently identified on the basis of their variable ability to ferment salicin. We studied a method of identification for these two species by using cell lysis by bacteriophages. A total of 38 bacteriophages were used to distinguish the two species. Identification by bacteriophages was compared with species identification by prereduced anaerobically sterilized biochemical testing with salicin as the differentiating test. A total of 215 clinical isolates biochemically identified as B. ovatus or B. thetaiotaomicron were tested. A total of 100% of the strains identified as B. ovatus by bacteriophages produced strong acid in salicin (pH less than or equal to 5.4). However, 40% of the strains identified as B. thetaiotaomicron by bacteriophages also produced strong acid in salicin, and an additional 39% produced weak acid (pH 5.5 to 5.7). This study demonstrates that salicin fermentation is an inadequate test for the differentiation of B. ovatus and B. thetaiotaomicron. PMID- 6520222 TI - Nutritionally variant streptococci from corneal ulcers in horses. AB - Of 24 isolates of nutritionally variant streptococci recovered from equine corneal ulcers, 22 were tested for growth requirements, physiological and biochemical reactions, and susceptibility to different antimicrobial agents. Satisfactory growth was obtained by supplementing blood agar and Todd-Hewitt broth with pyridoxal hydrochloride, and all of the media for the culture and the biochemical testing were supplemented with 0.002% of this substance. Biochemical patterns of 12 of the isolates resembled those of two viridans streptococcal species, Streptococcus intermedius and Streptococcus constellatus. Patterns of 10 isolates did not resemble those of any recognized viridans species. All of the isolates were inhibited by less than or equal to 0.25 microgram of erythromycin per ml, less than or equal to 4 micrograms of chloramphenicol per ml, and less than or equal to 4 micrograms of gentamicin per ml, and all but two were inhibited by less than or equal to 0.1 microgram of penicillin per ml. PMID- 6520223 TI - Detection of beta-glucuronidase in lactose-fermenting members of the family Enterobacteriaceae and its presence in bacterial urine cultures. AB - Four hundred strains of lactose-fermenting Enterobacteriaceae were tested for hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl-beta-D-glucopyranosiduronic acid, the chromogenic enzyme substrate of beta-glucuronidase. Escherichia coli was found to be homogeneous with respect to beta-glucuronidase: more than 94% of the examined E. coli strains were positive, whereas none of the other lactose-fermenting strains possessed beta-glucuronidase activity. The qualitative beta-glucuronidase test, as rapid and simple as the o-nitrophenyl-beta-D-galactopyranosidase test, proved to be of diagnostic value, especially in the identification of E. coli in primary urine cultures. No significant differences were observed in the results of experiments in which either substrate-impregnated disks prepared in the laboratory or commercially available tablets were used. PMID- 6520224 TI - Correlation of leukocyte esterase activity and bacterial isolation from body fluids. AB - We evaluated 230 body fluid samples, of which 131 were peritoneal effluents and 99 were other body fluids. Of these, 63 dialysates were culture positive, and 54 (85.7%) of these 63 were leukocyte esterase positive. Of 99 other body fluids, 8 were both culture positive and leukocyte esterase positive. PMID- 6520225 TI - Isolation of Wolinella recta and Actinomyces viscosus from an actinomycotic chest wall mass. AB - In this Note we describe a patient with an actinomycotic chest wall mass from which large numbers of Wolinella recta and Actinomyces viscosus organisms were isolated. This is the first reported association of W. recta with extraoral infection and the tenth report of lung infection by A. viscosus. PMID- 6520227 TI - Candida lusitaniae: frequency of recovery, colonization, infection, and amphotericin B resistance. AB - Candida lusitaniae recovered from 58 specimens from 13 patients represented less than 1% of the yeasts isolated over a 15-month period. The majority of isolates were recovered from respiratory tract, stool, and urine specimens. Of the 13 patients, 1 had a documented infection associated with septicema. Urine isolates from that patient developed resistance to amphotericin B during therapy. PMID- 6520228 TI - Effect of the B-D Urine Culture Kit on an automated bacteriuria screen. AB - The effect of urine collected in the B-D Urine Culture Kit (BDT; Becton, Dickinson & Co., Rutherford, N.J.) on the Autobac urine screen (General Diagnostics, Warner-Lambert Co., Morris Plains, N.J.) was investigated. Upon collection, 1,000 clean-voided urine specimens were divided into sterile urine tubes and BDTs. Within 24 h of collection, urine from each tube was cultured by a semiquantitative plate method and screened by the Autobac system. Overall, when screened by the Autobac system, urine collected in the BDT gave fewer false positive results: 14.4 compared with 22.7% from the sterile urine tubes. However, in comparison with the sterile urine tubes, the BDT false-negative rate was 10.5 versus 4.7%, the detection time was longer, and the cost was increased. PMID- 6520226 TI - Detection of Cryptosporidium oocysts in sputum during screening for mycobacteria. AB - We report a case in which Cryptosporidium oocysts were detected during routine auramine screening of a sputum specimen for acid-fast bacilli. The patient was a 28-year-old male with acquired immune deficiency syndrome and intestinal cryptosporidiosis. Microbiology laboratory workers should be alert to the possibility that these oocysts may be present in sputum specimens from patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome. PMID- 6520229 TI - Oligo-2',5'-adenylate synthetase activity in peripheral blood mononuclear leukocytes in various diseases. AB - Interferon induces oligo-2',5'-adenylate synthetase in cells. In various diseases, interferon was detectable in the circulation or was produced spontaneously from peripheral blood mononuclear leukocytes. The oligo-2',5' adenylate synthetase activity in peripheral blood mononuclear leukocytes was examined in various diseases, including systemic lupus erythematosus, sarcoidosis, Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease, and Behcet's disease. The activity of this enzyme was significantly increased in systemic lupus erythematosus (P less than 0.01), sarcoidosis (P less than 0.01), and Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease (P less than 0.01) compared with that in controls, but the increase of activity was not significant in Behcet's disease (P greater than 0.05). PMID- 6520230 TI - Recurrent breast abscesses caused by Corynebacterium minutissimum. AB - A 42-year-old woman developed severe, recurrent breast abscesses caused by Corynebacterium minutissimum. Prior reports of C. minutissimum infection have been limited to erythrasma, a minor dermatosis. The microbiological and clinical features of this species were reviewed. PMID- 6520232 TI - Serological differences in Legionella pneumophila infections. AB - Guinea pigs were infected with two subtypes of Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 (UH1 and RH1). Seroconversion by indirect fluorescent-antibody assay was demonstrated in 94 to 97% of guinea pigs when the challenge strain was used as the antigen. The standard Philadelphia 1 antigen demonstrated seroconversion in 94% UH1-challenged animals, but in only 66% of RH1-challenged animals. PMID- 6520233 TI - Pseudomonas paucimobilis peritonitis in patients treated by peritoneal dialysis. AB - Pseudomonas paucimobilis has rarely been reported as an opportunistic human pathogen. We report the isolation of this organism in two patients who developed peritonitis during the course of intermittent or continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. The origin of the infection was related to contamination of the dialysate in the first patient but could not be determined in the second case. PMID- 6520231 TI - Value of blood agar for primary plating and clinical implication of simultaneous isolation of Aeromonas hydrophila and Aeromonas caviae from a patient with gastroenteritis. AB - The simultaneous recovery of Aeromonas hydrophila and Aeromonas caviae from the stool of a 49-year-old woman with watery diarrhea was facilitated through the use of a blood agar medium which detected the hemolytic capability of A. hydrophila. In vitro phenotypic tests support the conclusion that only the A. hydrophila isolate was clinically significant. PMID- 6520234 TI - The development of listener-adapted communication by educable mentally impaired children. AB - The listener-adapted communication strategies of educable mentally impaired and nonmentally retarded children were investigated. The children constructed goal directed messages to three pairs of targets (a happy and a sad boy, man, and woman). They were than asked to explain their communicative strategies: Did they alter their messages for the happy and sad targets? Ten mentally impaired children in the mental age levels of 6, 8, 10, and 12 were compared with their nonretarded peers of similar mental ages. The results revealed that age, listener, and group differences were evident as a function of the specific task the children were required to perform. PMID- 6520235 TI - Specific syndromes and associated communication disorders: a review. AB - The purpose of this review is to provide speech-language pathologists and special educators with an awareness of genetics and specific syndromes that involve a speech, language, or hearing component. Both genetic and environmental etiologies are discussed. A description is provided for some of the physical anomalies associated with selected syndromes that also include speech and language deficits. These are presented to provide a rationale for the speech-language pathologist as well as special educators to become more active team members in the identification of syndromes, promote early remedial intervention, and increase interaction with other disciplines in dealing with the multihandicapped child. PMID- 6520236 TI - Acoustic measurement of voice quality in central dysphonia. AB - Speech samples of 14 male and 10 female patients with central dysphonia were examined. Eighteen patients had suffered a severe closed head trauma and the remaining six patients had experienced cerebrovascular accident (CVA). Several parameters were developed in order to find acoustic correlates for three major pathologic voice qualities in central dysphonia. The well know jitter parameter, fundamental period perturbation (PP), was adapted for our purposes and proved to be a good measure for rough voices, though the patients revealed less jitter than in peripheral dysphonia. The vocal onset parameter, time lag of preexhalation (Tb), and the spectral parameter, spectral energy above 5 KHz (A5), classified the breathy voices. Most of the tense voices could be detected by the spectral parameters, spectral energy in the 1-5 KHz range (A1), and variance of spectral energy above 5 KHz (V5). The successful classification of these voice qualities allowed the description of compound pathologic voice types in central dysphonia. PMID- 6520237 TI - Interhemispheric connections of visual cortex of owl monkeys (Aotus trivirgatus), marmosets (Callithrix jacchus), and galagos (Galago crassicaudatus). AB - Interhemispheric connections of visual cortex were studied in owl monkeys, marmosets, and galagos after multiple injections of horseradish peroxidase into one cerebral hemisphere. Areal patterns of connections were revealed in sections of cortex that was flattened and cut parallel to the surface. Results were related to the locations of known visual areas, especially in owl monkeys, in which more visual areas have been established. The connection patterns in owl monkeys and marmosets are very similar, suggesting that the organization of visual cortex differs little in these two New World simians. Galagos have a basically similar pattern, but the connections are more widespread. In all three primates, connections are not restricted to cortex representing the line of decussation of the retina, and even striate cortex has connections displaced from the border. These connections extend up to 2 mm into area 17 in owl monkeys, and they are most extensive in galagos, where they form foci that are coextensive with regions of high cytochrome oxidase activity. Connections are concentrated in the caudal half of area 18, but protrusions of connections cross of the width of the field. The middle temporal visual area (MT) has unevenly distributed connections throughout, with some increase in density along the border. The dorsomedial visual area (DM) of owl monkeys has connections restricted to the rostral border, and a similar region of sparse connections identifies the probable location of DM in marmosets and galagos. Caudal parts of the dorsolateral visual area (DL) of owl monkeys have dense interhemispheric connections. Other visual areas are characterized by unevenly distributed clumps of connections, suggesting that functions are not uniformly distributed, and that semiregular processing modules exist. The results indicate that most extrastriate visual neurons are subject to interhemispheric influences and support the conclusion that callosal connections are functionally heterogeneous. PMID- 6520238 TI - Cortical connections of area 17 in tree shrews. AB - In order to better understand the organization of extrastriate cortex in tree shrews, injections in area 17 of wheat germ agglutinin or tritiated proline were used to reveal an intrinsic pattern of connections, ipsilateral connections with area 18 and two other subdivisions of cortex, and callosal connections with areas 17 and 18 of the opposite cerebral hemisphere. Areal patterns of connections were best seen in sections cut parallel to the surface of flattened cortex. Within area 17, periodic foci of labeled terminations and cells extended from and surrounded injection sites as described by Rockland et al. ('82). Single injections produced multiple foci of labeled terminations and cells in area 18. The foci tended to fuse into short bands that sometimes crossed the width of area 18. Double injections produced more foci, and multiple injections tended to produce more continuous regions of label. An overall retinotopic pattern was evident with rostral area 17 connected to rostral area 18 and caudal area 17 connected to caudal area 18. Terminations extended through layers II-VI, with some increase in density in layer IV. Cells in area 18 projecting back to area 17 were in layers III and V. The injections also allowed identification of previously undefined subdivisions of visual cortex in temporal cortex immediately adjoining area 18. Dense reciprocal connections were observed in a 13 mm2 oval of cortex on the lateral border of the middle section of area 18 that we define as the temporal dorsal area, TD. Connections indicate a crude topographic organization with lower field represented rostrally and upper field caudally. Inputs were most dense in the middle cortical layers, and labeled cells were supragranular, and less frequently, infragranular. A 10-mm2 oval of cortex near the posterior edge of the hemisphere, the temporal posterior area (TP), contained labeled cells after area 17 injections, but terminal labeling was only obvious in the dorsal part. Single injections sometimes produced quite separate dorsal and ventral zones of label in TP, suggesting a small separate dorsal division. A crude retinotopic order appears to exist within ventral TP, with the lower field most ventral. Labeled cells were largely supragranular. A fourth zone of ipsilateral connections was in posterior limbic cortex bordering area 17 on the ventromedial surface of the cerebral hemisphere. The callosal connections were reciprocal and included regions 1 mm wide on either side of the area 17 and area 18 border. Callosal connections were rougly homotopic. Callosal terminations included superficial layers, and projecting cells were both supragranular and infragranular.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6520239 TI - The development of synapses and "spoon" synaptic terminal space in the tangential vestibular nucleus: a quantitative electron microscope study. AB - The developmental study focuses on the quantitation of synapses and synaptic terminal space belonging to one identifiable population of synaptic endings, the spoon endings. Spoon endings contact only one cell type, the principal cells of the chick tangential nucleus. The tangential nucleus in an interstitial nucleus of the vestibular nerve, comprising part of the avian lateral vestibular complex. In addition to the spoon endings formed by the vestibular fibers, the principal cell bodies receive synaptic and contacts from small endings of vestibular and non-vestibular inputs. The spoon ending's synaptic space on the target cell diminishes significantly at or around the time of hatching. This diminution is expressed in quantitative terms. The spoon ending covers 34.8% of the somatic linear surface in the embryo, 10.9% in the hatching, and 9.8% in the 3 year old. Although the spoon ending's vesicular synapses become rare after hatching, the spoon-ending interface exhibits a significant increase in gap-junction density during development. Neither the spoon endings nor their target cells exhibit a constancy in synaptic junction covering during development, although the spoon endings show a constant covering of attachment plaques. In the light of the present findings, the role of very large endings in the formation of synaptic connections and the control of developmental changes in junctional complexes is discussed. PMID- 6520240 TI - Development of synaptic organization in the tangential vestibular nucleus: a quantitative electron microscope study. AB - The objective of the present study is to quantify the developmental changes in the total synaptic pattern of one part, the soma, of one particular cell type, the principal cells of the tangential vestibular nucleus. The term "synaptic space" is defined and quantified. Intermediate stages in the development of synaptic organization are compared. The findings show that the synaptic space available to the full complement of afferents is constant throughout development, while specific terminals in the afferent population change their synaptic space allotments. The synaptic-junction covering is invariant for small terminals at intermediate stages of development with set proportions between "active" and "non active" zones of the synaptic surfaces. However, the spoon endings and the postsynaptic target cells are covered by synaptic junctions in variable amounts. The findings are important to the fields of neuroembryology and neural plasticity, for the system provides a useful basis to measure the influence of factors in the local environment and the role of formation of synaptic connections in the competition for synaptic space. This study will assist investigators to probe the mechanisms operating in the selection of competing afferents for the limited amount of surface area available under the changing conditions of maturation and aging in the central nervous system. PMID- 6520241 TI - Electron microscopic analysis of the mesencephalic ventromedial tegmentum in the cat. AB - We have studied the normal ultrastructure of the ventral mesencephalic tegmentum (VMT) in the cat, particularly the morphology and distribution of presynaptic terminals and the types of synaptic junctions. The following subnuclei of the region were examined: n. linearis rostralis (LR), n. paranigralis (PN), and n. interfascicularis (IF). The qualitative and quantitative data revealed significant ultrastructural differences between these subnuclei. Each subnucleus had a characteristic dendritic structure. In LR the dendrites were nonspinous and cylindrical and had presynaptic terminals randomly distributed over their surface. In PN we observed varicose dendrites with spines; the presynaptic terminals formed clusters on the narrow segments of the dendrites and around the spines. Dendrodendritic synapses were also observed in this nucleus. In IF, there was an internal division regarding dendritic structure: in the rostral part of the nucleus there were cylindrical dendrites while in the caudal part irregularly shaped dendrites bearing long spines were found. In IF and LR some of the cylindrical dendrites were seen to be in direct contact with the basal lamina of blood vessels. Four types of presynaptic terminals were distinguished by the morphology of their vesicles, and the proportion of each type in the total terminal population was determined. On this basis the compositions of the presynaptic terminal population in the three subnuclei were found to be very similar. Most terminals contained clear, round vesicles (62.6%), or both clear and dense-cored vesicles (35.1%). Few terminals were seen with dense-cored vesicles only (1.4%) or with pleomorphic vesicles (0.9%). The majority of synapses in the VMT were found to have symmetrical densities. LR had twice as many asymmetrical synapses as the other two subnuclei. Eighty percent of the terminals formed synapses with dendrites, although axosomatic and axoaxonic synapses were also seen. The density of the terminals was significantly different for each subnucleus: 191/1,000 micrometers 2 in IF, 120/1,000 micrometers 2 in PN, and 81/1,000 micrometers 2 in LR. These data indicate that while the subnuclei of the VMT receive morphologically similar afferents, each has a unique way of processing the information provided by them, through a different internal circuitry. PMID- 6520242 TI - Morphology of lumbar motoneurons innervating hindlimb muscles in the turtle Pseudemys scripta elegans: an intracellular horseradish peroxidase study. AB - Motoneurons in the turtle lumbar spinal cord, electrophysiologically identified as innervating a muscle belonging to a functional group, were injected with horseradish peroxidase by electrophoresis. A total of 45 motoneurons were reconstructed from transverse sections. Eleven motoneurons were identified as innervating knee extensor muscles, eight as innervating hip retractor and knee flexor muscles, 14 as supplying ankle and/or toe extensors, and 12 as innervating ankle and/or toe flexor muscles. The cell bodies were elongated and spindle shaped in the transverse plane. The mean equivalent soma diameter was calculated to be 33.4 micrometers. The mean axon conduction velocity was 15.7 m/second. Significant, though rather weak, positive correlations were found between soma diameter, axon diameter, and axon conduction velocity. The axons of the reconstructed motoneurons did not reveal a recurrent axon collateral. However, a few unidentified motoneurons did possess such collaterals. The dendritic trees were restricted to the ipsilateral side of the cord, but reached out in lateral, ventral, and ventromedial directions to the subpial surface. Easily recognizable and characteristic dendrites were found both in the dorsal dendritic tree and in the dorsomedial dendritic tree. Correlations were calculated between the soma diameter and (1) the number of first-order dendrites, (2) the mean diameter of the first-order dendrites, and (3) the combined diameter of the first-order dendrites. In each case no correlations or only weak correlations were found. Fair correlations were observed between the diameter of a first-order dendrite and the number of terminal dendritic branches (r = .61) and the combined dendritic length (r = .78). However, correlations between the combined diameter of all first-order dendrites per neuron and the total number of terminal dendritic branches and the total combined dendritic length of a neuron were extremely weak. The overall appearance of turtle spinal motoneurons is comparable to that observed in other "lower" vertebrates such as frog and lizard. However, similarities are also observed between certain morphometric parameters in turtle and cat lumbar motoneurons. PMID- 6520243 TI - Optic axons ignore foreign denervated sites in goldfish tectum even after removal of some of their normal termination sites. AB - Previous experiments have shown that optic axons ignore foreign denervated territory in the goldfish tectum and preferentially reinnervate their normal layers of termination. In the present experiments ultrastructural morphometry was used to test whether this was still the case if optic axons were deprived of some of their normal termination sites. The stratum fibrosum marginale (SFM) of the tectum was partially denervated to provide foreign synaptic sites and the caudal half of the tectum was ablated at the same time. This removed approximately half the normal sites of optic termination. In the majority of cases optic axons grew into the SFM but there was no evidence of any significant formation of synapses by them in the SFM. Instead they synapsed in their normal layers. Myelinated optic axons in the SFM were present in significantly higher numbers in fish operated on in spring than in fish operated on in autumn after similar survival times. Although removal of some of the normal sites of termination promoted growth of optic axons into foreign denervated territory, the axons did not synapse there. Instead they passed through the foreign region and reinnervated their normal layers even though this meant reorganizing the optic projection within the reduced tectal space. PMID- 6520244 TI - The distribution of filipin-sterol complexes in photoreceptor synaptic membranes. AB - The polyene antibiotic filipin, which binds to membrane sterols, has been used to investigate the relative distribution of cholesterol at photoreceptor synaptic junctions in the chick retina. Following anesthesia and aldehyde perfusion fixation, the retina is removed and immersed in fixative solution containing the filipin for 36-48 hours. The retinas are then processed for freeze-fracture. Electron microscopy of freeze-fracture replicas demonstrates that the filipin sterol complexes are not evident between intramembrane particles of the presynaptic and postsynaptic particle arrays that are present at ribbon and basal junctions. In contrast, the synaptic vesicle fusion zone of ribbon junctions contains large numbers of filipin-sterol complexes which are observed merging with the free margins of the presynaptic particle array. There is a scarcity of such complexes, however, around the free margins of basal junction presynaptic particle arrays. These latter sites do not contain a vesicle fusion zone. Particle-poor areas of membrane that surround postsynaptic particles arrays of ribbon and basal junctions also do not contain filipin binding sites. The nonsynaptic membrane of photoreceptor terminals contains large numbers of filipin sterol complexes, less tightly packed than in the synaptic vesicle fusion zone. Coated vesicle fusion sites in the presynaptic membrane contain groups of intramembrane particles but the filipin-sterol complexes are excluded from these sites. The observations suggest that synaptic membrane domains which interact with cytoskeletal components, such as clathrin and pre- and postsynaptic densities contain less cholesterol than other domains such as the synaptic vesicle fusion zones. PMID- 6520245 TI - Brainstem afferents to the omnipause region in the cat: a horseradish peroxidase study. AB - "Omnipause" neurons (OPNs), located in the nucleus raphe pontis and the reticular formation, actively suppress saccadic eye movements during intersaccadic intervals. To determine the brainstem afferents that may inhibit the OPNs and thereby allow a saccade to occur, we injected horseradish peroxidase into the raphe pontis of four cats at the site of physiologically identified OPNs. Labeled neurons were found in a number of brainstem nuclei. The greatest concentrations, composed of small to medium-sized neurons, were located in a group of nuclei around the habenulopeduncular tract, in the rostral mesencephalic reticular formation, in the deep layers of the superior colliculus, and in parts of the subjacent cuneiform and subcuneiform reticular nuclei. Smaller numbers were found in the nucleus reticularis pontis oralis. Caudal to the injection site, labeled neurons were scattered in parts of the nuclei reticularis gigantocellularis, paragigantocellularis dorsalis, and paragigantocellularis lateralis. A few neurons were labeled in a restricted region of the causal part of the nucleus prepositus hypoglossi and in the nucleus reticularis medullaris ventralis. Larger numbers of neurons were labeled in the dorsal column nuclei and in parts of the cochlear nuclei. Smaller numbers were found in the spinal trigeminal nucleus, the lateral nucleus of the superior olive, and the fastigial nucleus of the cerebellum. The nonreticular brainstem projections may contribute sensory information in a number of modalities since OPNs respond to visual, somesthetic, and auditory stimuli. Our findings indicate a number of regions that may contain neural elements impinging on the OPNs. The best prospects for a saccade initiation signal from one of the labeled populations appear to be the meso diencephalic reticular formation and/or the superior colliculus. PMID- 6520246 TI - Gangliosides stimulate protein synthesis, growth, and axon number of regenerating limb buds. AB - When a newt limb is amputated and begins to regrow, regenerating axons exert a neurotrophic influence on the limb regeneration process. Previous studies have shown that direct manipulation of limb nerves, by electrical stimulation or a conditioning lesion, elevates protein synthesis, increases neurotization and accelerates growth of the limb bud. Since exogenously supplied gangliosides accelerate axonal sprouting in regenerating nerves, we wanted to know whether gangliosides would similarly affect limb regeneration. To test this, regrowing limb buds were either infused with or immersed into gangliosides, or animals were injected intraperitoneally with gangliosides. Infused gangliosides elevated protein synthesis in limb buds 15% and increased the number of axons in limb buds 45% by 6 hours after infusion. Regenerating limb bud morphogenesis was initiated 3-4 days earlier in animals receiving i.p. injections of gangliosides every 12 hours. Similarly, limbs immersed daily in gangliosides began regrowth sooner than contralateral controls and this advantage was maintained throughout the period of observation. These findings indicate that treatment with gangliosides has a salutary effect on limb regeneration. PMID- 6520247 TI - Amygdalo-cortical projections in the monkey (Macaca fascicularis). AB - Amygdalo-cortical projections were analyzed in the macaque monkey (Macaca fascicularis) in a series of experiments in which 3H-amino acids were injected into each of the major divisions of the amygdaloid complex and the anterogradely transported label was demonstrated autoradiographically. Projections to widespread regions of frontal, insular, temporal, and occipital cortices have been observed. The heaviest projections to frontal cortex terminated in medial and orbital regions which included areas 24, 25, and 32 on the medial surface and areas 14, 13a, and 12 on the orbital surface. Lighter projections were also seen in areas 45, 46, 6, 9, and 10. The heaviest projection to the insula terminated in the agranular insular cortex with a decreasing gradient of innervation to the more caudally placed dysgranular and granular insular areas. The projection to this region continues around the dorsal limiting sulcus to terminate in the somatosensory fields 3, 1-2, and SII. Essentially all major divisions of the temporal neocortex receive a projection from the amygdaloid complex with the most prominent projections ending in the cortex of the temporal pole (area TG) and the perirhinal cortex. The entire rostrocaudal extent of the inferotemporal cortex (areas TE and TEO) is also in receipt of an amygdaloid projection. While the rostral superior temporal gyrus (area TA) is heavily labeled in several of the experiments (with light labeling continuing into AI and adjacent auditory association regions) there was little indication of labeling in the caudal reaches of area TA. There was a surprisingly strong projection to prestriate regions of the occipital lobe and, in at least one case, clear-cut labeling in areas OB and 17. Labeling in the parietal cortex was primarily observed in the depths of the intraparietal sulcus. In all cortical fields, label was heaviest at the border between layers I and II and in some regions layers V and VI also had above background levels of silver grains. PMID- 6520248 TI - The axon reaction of the goldfish mauthner cell and factors that influence its morphological variability. AB - The axon reaction of the goldfish Mauthner cell, elicited by spinal cord transection, included somatic swelling, nuclear eccentricity, chromatolysis, nuclear infolding, and a perinuclear buildup of basophilic material. The latter three changes were found most consistently and showed gradations which were ranked quantitatively. The time of onset of chromatolysis and nucleus-associated changes depended upon the distance of the wound from the Mauthner cell soma. Specifically, for Mauthner axons cut at 5, 10.5, and 20 mm distal to their somata, the approximate postoperative times of onset were 10, 20, and 40 days, respectively. Mauthner cells axotomized 42 mm distally did not display a consistent axon reaction. Cell atrophy and death were not found in cells axotomized 10.5, 20, or 42 mm from their somata up to 285 postoperative days, but were observed at the longer postoperative intervals (421 days) in neurons cut 5 mm distally and were consistently found in neurons axotomized less than 1.6 mm from their somata. The axon reactions of Mauthner cells within a pair were frequently different. This variability cannot be explained by the influence of cut site or postoperative interval and is hypothesized to result from different metabolic conditions of the individual cells. PMID- 6520249 TI - A comparative study of neck muscle motor neurons in a cricket and a locust. AB - The gross morphology of the neck muscles of a cricket (Gryllus campestris) and their innervation are described and compared with a locust (Schistocerca gregaria). The motor neurons innervating the neck muscles were stained in crickets and locusts with cobalt chloride introduced via the nerve endings in the muscle. The two species show overall similarities, not only in position of the neck motor neurons in suboesophageal, prothoracic, and mesothoracic ganglia but also in motor neuron morphology. However, muscle 60 in the cricket is innervated by a unique motor neuron with its axon in prothoracic nerve 3, instead of sharing motor neurons in suboesophageal nerve 8 and mesothoracic nerve 1 with muscle 59, as in locust. Muscle 62 has the same attachments and innervation with similar motor neurons in cricket and locust but a different mechanical function in the two species. The findings are discussed with respect to possible segmental homologies and to the origins of the muscles as either dorso-ventral or longitudinal. As several muscles share the same motor neurons, we suggest that neck muscle function be described in terms of "behavioural units of action." PMID- 6520250 TI - Connections of the auditory midbrain in a teleost fish, Cyprinus carpio. AB - Central auditory pathways were traced in Japanese carp, Cyprinus carpio, using electrophysiological mapping and HRP tract-tracing methods. Multiunit recordings made from the carp torus semicircularis, the major midbrain area for processing octavolateralis information, revealed a mediolateral segregation of auditory and lateral line sensory modalities. Iontophoretic injections of HRP were made into the medial torus to trace afferent and efferent projections of the carp auditory midbrain. Following unilateral HRP injections into the medial torus, retrogradely labeled neurons were observed within six nuclei of the carp medulla. Two octaval nuclei, the anterior octavus nucleus and descending octavus nucleus, contained HRP-filled neurons. Labeled neurons were also observed within the ipsilateral superior olive, scattered among fibers of both lateral lemnisci, and bilaterally within the medullary reticular formation. In addition, bilateral retrograde cell labeling was found within a group of Purkinje-like cells located adjacent to the IVth ventricle, just rostral to the level of the VIIIth nerve. Few labeled neurons were found within the nucleus medialis, a principal target for lateral line afferents within the medulla. At midbrain levels, retrogradely labeled neurons were observed within the contralateral torus semicircularis and the ipsilateral optic tectum. Three forebrain nuclei project to the carp auditory midbrain. Within the diencephalon, descending projections originate from the anterior tuberal nucleus, bilaterally, and from the ipsilateral central posterior thalamic nucleus. The ipsilateral caudal telencephalon also projects to the carp auditory midbrain via large multipolar neurons within area dorsalis pars centralis. Anterograde labeling of fibers and terminals revealed efferent projections of the carp auditory midbrain to the following targets: the ipsilateral superior olive, the ipsilateral medullary reticular formation, the deep layers of the optic tectum, the contralateral torus semicircularis, the anterior tuberal nucleus, and the central posterior thalamic nucleus. These results, together with recent studies of lateral line pathways in teleosts (Finger, '80, '82a), demonstrate that central auditory and lateral line pathways are anatomically distinct in the carp, at least from medullary to diencephalic levels. Furthermore, there are striking similarities in the organization of the central auditory pathways of the carp and those of amphibians and land vertebrates. PMID- 6520251 TI - Prenatal and postnatal development of retinogeniculate and retinocollicular projections in the mouse. AB - The development of retinal projections to the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (dLGN) and superior colliculus (SC) has been studied in fetal and neonatal mice of the pigmented C57BL/6 strain, using the anterograde transport of tritiated proline and horseradish peroxidase (HRP). Retinal efferents are present contralaterally just beyond the chiasm at E14. By E16 they have grown into both dLGN and SC. Ipsilateral fibers are limited to the proximal optic tract at E16; their growth into dLGN and SC is delayed until E18-birth. During the first 2 postnatal days, an early population of ipsilateral fibers invades the dLGN. Most of these fibers grow in or around the medio-dorsal sector of the dLGN, i.e., the future binocular segment. Fibers are also present, but at lower densities, in the ventral half of the nucleus and thereafter become dispersed or are lost, without at any stage becoming dense. Some denser labeling is also present ipsilaterally in the outer rim of dLGN, just below the optic tract, and later disappears. On the third postnatal day, the ipsilateral fibers establish a deep and denser projection along the medial and dorsal borders of dLGN; this projection overlaps part of the crossed projection, which at this age extends to the whole nucleus. The segregation of each projection starts on the fourth postnatal day, when crossed fibers begin to disappear from the small region of uncrossed projection. This process goes on for another 4 days. During this period, the ipsilateral fibers withdraw from the deepest layer of dLGN, and their terminal density increases gradually; by the eighth postnatal day, both projections are already well separated. Dense crossed projections first appear near the surface of the SC at birth. Prior to this, retinal fibers course throughout neurons of the collicular plate and underneath the pia. The uncrossed fibers invade the SC between birth and P3. They are located preferentially in the anterior and medial aspect of the SC. Subsequently, there occurs a diminution in the laminar and tangential extent of these projections, simultaneously with an intensification of the ipsilateral input to several small, longitudinally oriented clusters located deep to the crossed projections. PMID- 6520252 TI - Axonal growth and target selection during development: retinal projections to the ventrobasal complex and other "nonvisual" structures in neonatal Syrian hamsters. AB - In newborn hamsters, there is a direct retinal projection to the ventrobasal complex, the principal thalamic somatosensory nucleus. The projection decreases precipitously between the second and third postnatal days. A few retinofugal axons remain dorsally along the lateral border of the nucleus on day 4, and none are present thereafter. In neonatal hamsters, retinofugal axons project to additional "nonvisual" nuclei including the periventricular and anterior nuclei of the hypothalamus, zona incerta, substantia nigra, inferior colliculus, pons, and mesencephalic tegmentum. Some of these connections remain in adult hamsters, although in apparently reduced density or relative volume, while others disappear. The contribution of transient connections to the normal morphological or functional development of the brain remains to be clarified. The combined results of this and other studies show that the normally transient retino ventrobasal projection is a substrate for abnormal connections in that it can be permanently stabilized by appropriate neurosurgery on the day of birth. PMID- 6520253 TI - Regional specializations in the eye of Aplysia, a neuronal circadian oscillator. AB - The eye of the opisthobranch mollusc, Aplysia californica, contains a neuronal circadian oscillator system as well as a photoreceptor system. The retina contains five classes of receptors, several of which are described for the first time in this paper, and two types of neurons. The most conspicuous photoreceptor has long microvilli and is densely packed with small vesicles. The other four receptor types bear both microvilli and cilia and lack densely packed vesicles. Because of their small size, these four receptors occupy only a small fraction of the retinal area, but numerically they account for about half of the receptors. There are marked differences between the dorsal and ventral portions of the eye of Aplysia. The optic nerve head and associated bundles of axons within the retina form a boundary between two anatomically distinct regions of the eye. The microvillous photoreceptor and one of the receptors bearing both microvilli and cilia are found throughout the eye. The other three receptor types are restricted to the region ventral to the optic nerve head. One type of neuron, which has been shown in other studies to produce compound action potentials whose frequency varies with a circadian rhythm, is also found only ventral to the optic nerve head and associated axon bundles. There are also marked regional variations in cellular dimensions. The rhabdom originating from the microvillous photoreceptors is thickest in the dorsal and central retina, and the cross-sectional areas of these photoreceptors are largest dorsally. The pigmented layer is also much thicker in the dorsal retina. No other molluscan eye has been reported to have as many receptor types as Aplysia, nor has restriction of a receptor or neuronal type to a limited area been described. Regional variations in cellular dimensions have been reported previously primarily in the advanced cephalopod eyes. The significance of these unusual features is discussed in relation to both the visual properties of the eye and the circadian oscillator it contains. PMID- 6520254 TI - From "descriptive"to "dynamic" dermatopathology. PMID- 6520255 TI - Pigmented basal cell carcinoma and superficial spreading malignant melanoma: an unusual combination. AB - We report pigmented lesions in 2 white male patients, which were clinically diagnosed as superficial spreading malignant melanoma and histologically showed combined features of superficial spreading malignant melanoma in situ and pigmented basal cell carcinoma. The significance of this association is not known but is most likely very rare. PMID- 6520256 TI - High melanosome engulfing activity of cutaneous fibroblasts in macular amyloidosis: an electron microscopic study. AB - Six patients with macular amyloidosis were investigated by electron microscopy and various morphological changes in fibroblasts were identified. Many cells, which seemed to be macrophages by light microscopy, proved to be fibroblasts. The digesting action of fibroblasts was well developed and many melanosomes were taken into the cells making the cells resemble melanophages. The fibroblasts extended long, thin and branched cytoplasmic processes to surround the amyloid mass, and the cells selectively extended these into the narrow spaces between collagen and amyloid. The fibroblast showed highly developed endocytotic activity and probable ingestion of amyloid by pinocytosis or phagocytosis. The developed rough endoplasmic reticulum contained much protein and was active in secretion. PMID- 6520257 TI - Ultrastructural features of metastatic cutaneous carcinoid. AB - Tissue from the cutaneous metastases of bronchial carcinoid was examined. Fine argyrophil secretory granules were demonstrated in the cytoplasm of the abnormal cells which showed positive labelling with neuron-specific enolase. Ultrastructural studies revealed numerous electron-dense membrane bound neuro secretory granules, 50-300 nm in diameter. Other characteristic features included inter-digitating pseudo pod-like processes (up to 2 mu in size) in the cytoplasmic membrane, perinuclear filaments, a well-defined Golgi zone and numerous large mitochondria. PMID- 6520258 TI - Wells' syndrome: is there collagen damage in the flame figures? AB - Flame figures are a characteristic histologic feature of Wells' syndrome (eosinophilic cellulitis). In this light and electron microscopic study, the ultrastructure of flame figures is described. Collagen fibers were encrusted with free eosinophil granules. No collagen damage was found. Flame figures most probably represent a transient result of unusual eosinophil activity. PMID- 6520259 TI - Unusual vascular tumour of the scalp in association with lymphoid aggregates: a variant of angiolymphoid hyperplasia? AB - A 51-year-old mason presented with a large tumour on his scalp which had developed over the previous 2 years. Histological examination showed the presence of large vessels with muscular coats some of which appeared to be venules and others arterioles. They had markedly swollen cuboidal endothelial cells and a surrounding mononuclear cell infiltrate which in areas formed lymphoid follicles some of which had germinal centers. There was no evidence of tissue or blood eosinophilia. The unusual clinical and histological features of this case are emphasized and the nosology of this rare condition is discussed. PMID- 6520260 TI - Monilethrix: an ultrastructural study. AB - Characteristic moniliform hairs of monilethrix were ultrastructurally examined. By scanning electron microscope, nodes and internodes were seen alternating on the affected hair; the nodes were normal in appearance and thickness, while the internodes were thin and showed ridges and flutes. By transmission electron microscope, the cross sections of the internodes revealed wrinkling of the hair cuticular cells and a reduced number of the cortical cells. Cross sections of the cortical cells per se showed a similar size and a normal keratin pattern in both nodes and internodes, compared with those of control hairs from normal individuals. From these findings, the internodes seemed to be the pathological portions of the moniliform hair, and such abnormal thinning of hair shaft might be caused by a periodical dysfunction of the hair matrix, especially in the hair cortex. PMID- 6520261 TI - Tissue-specific autoantibodies and autoimmune disorders in vitiligo and alopecia areata: a retrospective study. AB - We retrospectively analyzed our laboratory reports of tissue-specific autoantibodies (TSA) in 38 patients with alopecia areata (AA) and 31 patients with vitiligo. These reports were based on standard indirect immunofluorescence (IF) procedures, employing monkey tissues as substrates. One or more TSA were detected in 39% of serum samples. Thyroid (microsomal and/or thyroglobulin) antibodies had the highest occurrence rate and, as compared with the normal population, were detected at a greater frequency in both vitiligo and AA. Over half (58%) of our patients with vitiligo had one or more detectable TSA, while only 28% of patients with AA had such antibodies. When compared with the normal population, the occurrence rate of TSA was higher in patients with vitiligo. The only remarkable finding in AA was a higher than normal occurrence rate of antithyroid antibodies. PMID- 6520262 TI - Cherry hemangioma: an SEM study. AB - This study describes the examination of 10 examples of cherry hemangioma by SEM. Morphologic features are described. PMID- 6520263 TI - Blue naevus associated with trichoepithelioma: a report of two cases. AB - Naevocellular naevi may show considerable histological variation and have often been shown to contain other ectodermal elements, as well as cells of melanocytic origin. Blue naevi are also thought to be of melanocytic origin, and in this report we describe two blue naevi in which trichoepitheliomatous elements were seen. The aetiological implications of this observation are discussed. PMID- 6520264 TI - Basal cell tumor with eccrine differentiation (eccrine epithelioma). AB - A case of eccrine epithelioma is presented. A 62-year-old woman was seen for with a lesion on the left forearm present for 36 years, and complicated by multiple recurrences. Histopathologically, it was composed of numerous small nests of basaloid cells, cystic and syringoid epithelial structures within the reticular dermis and invading the contiguous fat and muscle tissues. Tubular structures and cystic spaces contained PAS-positive, diastate-resistant, and alcian blue positive material. Although the tumor was very aggressive locally, no metastasis had occurred throughout its long course. PMID- 6520265 TI - Influences of methionine hydroxy analog on milk and milk fat production, blood serum lipids, and plasma amino acids. AB - Feeding for 150 days of 25 g per day of methionine hydroxy analog was tested on 100 cows (52 treated and 48 controls) in the Brigham Young University herd. Effect of days after parturition of initiating methionine hydroxy analog feeding also was observed. Milk yields were not affected by methionine hydroxy analog, but fat percent and fat yields were increased 21 and 17% by the additive. Abnormally low milk fat by control cows (2.84%) magnified the response to methionine hydroxy analog feeding. Feeding methionine hydroxy analog beginning 0 to 12 days postpartum elicited much larger increases of milk fat than started later (17 to 102 days). Blood from the coccygeal vein of 20 cows from each treatment had 10% more triglycerides from cows fed methionine hydroxy analog than from control cows. Increases of arterio-venous differences across the mammary gland of triglycerides and lipoproteins of blood serum suggested that increases of milk fat could have resulted from greater uptake of performed fat by the udder. Feeding methionine hydroxy analog increased methionine, isoleucine, and leucine in serum of coccygeal vein, but methionine was the only amino acid with significantly higher arteriovenous differences across the mammary gland. PMID- 6520266 TI - Effect of dietary vitamin A on resistance to experimental Staphylococcus mastitis in mice. AB - Weanling mice (118) were fed a purified diet free of vitamin A for 3 wk and subsequently assigned to diets containing 10, 100 (4000 IU vitamin A/kg diet), or 300% of National Research Council recommended vitamin A. After 3 wk on the treatment diet all mice were bred and allowed to complete gestation. At 24 h postpartum, the left fourth abdominal mammary gland of each mouse was inoculated with Staphylococcus aureus (10(8) cells in .1 ml of saline/gland), and mammary gland infection was observed daily for 6 consecutive days. Liver vitamin A content was lowest in mice for 10% and highest for 300%. However, mice fed 10% showed normal growth and reproduction by small treatment differences in body weight changes, litter size at birth, and average pup weight. Mice fed 10 and 100% vitamin A showed more severe mammary gland inflammation after intramammary inoculation as opposed to mice fed 300%. Severity of mastitis in mice fed 100% vitamin A was similar to 10%. The number of mice classified as mastitic was also similar between 10 and 100% on days 1 and 2 postinoculation; however, on day 3 postinoculation mice fed 100% had a lower incidence of mastitis as opposed to 10%. Severity of mammary inflammation on days 4 through 6 were similar to those on day 3. Results showed a protective effect of dietary vitamin A supplementation against experimental Staphylococcus aureus mastitis in mice. PMID- 6520267 TI - Effect of intramammary device on new infection rate, milk yield, and milk somatic cell counts in maryland dairy herds. AB - Effectiveness of a polyethylene intramammary device against naturally occurring infections was evaluated in three Maryland herds over 2 yr. Treated cows [62] were fitted with intramammary devices in all quarters of udders. Control cows [62] were sham treated. Rates of new intramammary infection over single lactation in treated and control quarters of primiparous cows averaged 18 and 27%. Reduction of infection rate was due primarily to fewer Corynebacterium bovis infections. Infection rate between multiparous cow treatments were similar. In uninfected quarters cell counts in strippings averaged .11 to .13 X 10(6)/ml and in quarters fitted with intramammary devices concentrations were only .22 to .31 X 10(6) cells/ml. But in infected quarters with intramammary devices, cell counts of strippings were 1.38 to 1.48 X 10(6)/ml. Concentrations of somatic cells of strippings in infected quarters without devices averaged .48 to .63 X 10(6)/ml. Dairy herd improvement cell counts for primiparous and multiparous cows with and without intramammary devices were similar and averaged .2 X 10(6)/ml. Neither milk nor fat production differed. The intramammary device as currently designed is incapable of stimulating a leukocytosis sufficient in stripping milk to prevent intramammary infection. PMID- 6520268 TI - Effects of premilking udder preparation on bacterial population, sediment, and iodine residue in milk. AB - Udder preparations that wet both udder surfaces and teats had the highest standard plate count in milk compared with methods that wet teats only. Physical action of cleaning teats with a dry towel lowered bacterial count compared with preparations wetting both udder surfaces and teats. Methods resulting in lowest bacterial counts were the use of water hose, wet towel, or premilking disinfectant teat dip followed by drying with paper towels. Counts of coliform and Staphylococcus sp. followed similar trends. In most comparisons, addition of udder wash sanitizer was of marginal or no benefit. Standard plate count of teat rinses after udder preparation confirmed the benefit of cleaning and drying teats. Physical manipulation of teats during cleaning was essential for lowering sediment in milk. Drying of teats with a paper towel for at least 10 s after dipping with a 1% iodophor disinfectant dip was essential for reducing iodine residue. Both premilking and postmilking disinfectant teat dipping with a 1% iodophor teat dip caused higher iodine residue in milk than premilking disinfectant dip with subsequent drying. A .5% iodophor teat dip contributed less iodine in milk than a 1% iodophor teat dip. Premilking udder preparation affects bacterial count, sediment, and iodine residue in milk. PMID- 6520269 TI - Relationship between magnesium intake and fecal magnesium excretion of ruminants. AB - Twenty-four wethers were fed fresh cut orchardgrass, fertilized so that the magnesium concentration in the forage varied, and six lactating dairy cows were fed a 60% concentrate diet supplemented so that the magnesium concentration in the diet varied. This was to evaluate relationships between intake of magnesium and fecal excretion of magnesium in ruminants. Linear and logarithmic equations were evaluated for sheep and dairy cows. Although there was little difference between equations in ability to predict apparent absorption of magnesium at normal intakes of magnesium, the logarithmic equation was more useful for predicting magnesium apparent absorption at extreme intakes of magnesium. Constants for logarithmic equations for sheep and cows were similar; therefore, the data were combined and a single equation was derived for both species on the same logarithmic scale. Apparent absorption of magnesium in ruminants may be a function of the amount of magnesium consumed per unit of digesta surface area exposed to the rumen wall. PMID- 6520270 TI - Evaluation of attenuated, live staphylococcal mastitis vaccine in lactating heifers. AB - Four heifers were immunized in late pregnancy with two doses of attenuated, live Staphylococcus aureus and challenged during early lactation by intramammary infusion into one quarter of approximately 100 organisms of the same attenuated strain. Three unvaccinated control heifers were challenged similarly. At challenge immunoglobulins G1 and G2 antibodies against Staphylococcus aureus surface antigens were significantly greater in blood serum of vaccinated heifers than in controls. Also at challenge, serum from vaccinated heifers had a significantly greater opsonizing capacity for Staphylococcus aureus than did that of controls. The challenge dose of Staphylococcus aureus did not produce prolonged clinical signs of acute mastitis in any of the heifers; however, once of the control animals remained chronically infected. There was a decrease of milk production following challenge for controls but no such decrease for the immunized heifers. Taken together, results of clinical assessments, bacteriology, and measurements of milk production suggested that vaccinated heifers had higher resistance to the challenge dose than did controls. PMID- 6520271 TI - Triiodothyronine and thyroxine during gestation in dairy cattle selected for high and low milk production. AB - Circulating thyroxine, triiodothyronine, and prolactin were analyzed by radioimmunoassay from two groups of pregnant heifers representing genetic populations that differed by 685 kg milk in their first lactation. At 100 days of gestation, blood samples were taken every 15 min for prolactin assay and every 2 h to determine variations of thyroid hormone serum concentration from 0800 to 2000. Basal serum prolactin concentrations in the two genetic groups were not significantly different. A pattern was consistent for both triiodothyronine and thyroxine; concentrations were lower in the morning and higher during the afternoon. Serum triiodothyronine means were not different in the high-producing (1.84 ng/ml) and low-producing heifers (1.86 ng/ml). Serum thyroxine concentrations were significantly higher in the low-producing heifers (67.84 ng/ml) than in high-producing heifers (59.18 ng/ml). The higher thyroxine concentration in pregnant heifers with lower producing ability suggests a negative relationship of thyroxine to milk yield potential. PMID- 6520272 TI - Attitudes toward life and death in suicidal, normal, and chronically ill children: an extended replication. PMID- 6520273 TI - Lightning-strike disaster: effects on children's fears and worries. PMID- 6520274 TI - Change mechanisms in EMG biofeedback training: cognitive changes underlying improvements in tension headache. PMID- 6520275 TI - Psychological impacts of sexual contact between therapists or other health care practitioners and their clients. PMID- 6520276 TI - Parenting behavior and emotional status of physically abusive mothers. PMID- 6520277 TI - Influence of group cohesion on the behavioral treatment of smoking. PMID- 6520278 TI - Interaction between sex and social support in the control of type II diabetes mellitus. PMID- 6520279 TI - Assessment of fear of fear in agoraphobics: the body sensations questionnaire and the agoraphobic cognitions questionnaire. PMID- 6520280 TI - Effect of self-efficacy on dropout from obesity treatment. PMID- 6520281 TI - Cognition and psychopathology: an analysis of social introversion and self statements. PMID- 6520282 TI - Self-concept in obese and normal-weight children. PMID- 6520283 TI - Behavioral observation scales for measuring children's distress: the effects of increased methodological rigor. PMID- 6520284 TI - Development and validation of a behavioral peer-rating measure of depression. PMID- 6520285 TI - Pattern analysis: the question of abnormality. PMID- 6520286 TI - The Primary Mental Health Project reconsidered. PMID- 6520287 TI - Interactional correlates of treatment outcome in behavioral parent training. PMID- 6520288 TI - The children's depression inventory: a systematic evaluation of psychometric properties. PMID- 6520289 TI - Treatment of childhood migraine using autogenic feedback training. PMID- 6520290 TI - Construct validity for measures of childhood depression: application of multitrait-multimethod methodology. PMID- 6520291 TI - Development of a thematic apperception test (TEMAS) for urban Hispanic children. PMID- 6520292 TI - Validity of a revised Jesness inventory I-level classification with delinquents. PMID- 6520293 TI - Use of age structure to assess insecticidal treatments of face fly populations, Musca autumnalis DeGeer (Diptera: Muscidae). PMID- 6520295 TI - In vitro rearing of the northern fowl mite (Acari: Macronyssidae). PMID- 6520294 TI - Specific resistance to malathion in laboratory and field populations of the Australian sheep blowfly, Lucilia cuprina (Diptera: Calliphoridae). PMID- 6520297 TI - [Fatty acid composition of fungal lipids in relation to cultivation conditions]. PMID- 6520296 TI - [Adhesive interactions of epithelial cells. The role of microviscosity and the lipid composition of the cell surface]. PMID- 6520298 TI - [Interaction with cytochrome P-450 as one of the mechanisms of protective action of 3-hydroxypyridines in the diethylnitrosamine poisoning of animals]. PMID- 6520299 TI - Regional differences in the cyclic variation of myocardial backscatter that parallel regional differences in contractile performance. AB - Previous reports from our laboratory indicate that ultrasonic backscatter from myocardium exhibits a cyclic variation during the cardiac cycle that is reduced sharply by ischemia, a process which impairs both systolic contraction and diastolic relaxation. These results suggest that the cyclic variation of backscatter may be related to the cyclic variation of the contractile performance of the myocardium. Because contractile performance of the left ventricle is known to exhibit regional variability, the present study was undertaken to determine whether such regional differences in contractile performance are paralleled by differences in the magnitude of the cyclic variation of ultrasonic backscatter. Measurements obtained from representative zones of three regions of the hearts of ten open-chest dogs indicate that the magnitude of the cyclic pattern of variation of backscatter parallels the regional differences in contractile performance throughout the left ventricle with the maximum variation (5.5 +/- 0.9 dB peak-to-peak amplitude) occurring at the apex, intermediate values (4.3 +/- 0.8 dB) at the midwall, and minimum (0.5 +/- 1.0 dB) at the base. These results suggest that the ultrasonic backscatter may be sensitive to the regional myocardial contractile performance. PMID- 6520301 TI - Perceiving vowels in the presence of another sound: constraints on formant perception. AB - Speech is normally heard against a background of other sounds, yet our ability to isolate perceptually the speech of a particular talker is poorly understood. The experiments reported here illustrate two different ways in which a listener may decide whether a tone at a harmonic of a vowel's fundamental forms part of the vowel. First, a tone that starts or stops at a different time from a vowel is less likely to be heard as part of that vowel than if it is simultaneous with it; moreover, this effect occurs regardless of whether the tone has been added to a normal vowel, or to a vowel that has already been reduced in energy at the tone's frequency. Second, energy added simultaneously with a vowel, at a harmonic frequency near to the vowel's first formant, may or may not be fully incorporated into the vowel percept, depending on its relation to the first formant: When the additional tone is just below the vowel's first formant frequency, it is less likely to be incorporated than energy that is added at a frequency just above the first formant. Both experiments show that formants may only be estimated after properties of the sound wave have been grouped into different apparent sound sources. The first result illustrates a general auditory mechanism for performing perceptual grouping, while the second result illustrates a mechanism that may use a more specific constraint on vocal-tract transfer functions. PMID- 6520300 TI - Vowel-to-vowel coarticulation in Catalan VCV sequences. AB - Electropalatographic and acoustical data on vowel-to-vowel (V-to-V) coarticulatory effects were obtained for Catalan VCV sequences, with the consonants representing different degrees of tongue-dorsum contact (dorsopalatal approximant [j], alveolo-palatal nasal [eta], alveolo-palatal lateral [lambda], and alveolar nasal [n]). Results show that the degree of V-to-V coarticulation in linguopalatal fronting and F2 frequency varies monotonically and inversely with the degree of tongue-dorsum contact, carryover effects being larger than anticipatory effects. The temporal extent of coarticulation also varies with the degree of tongue-dorsum contact, much more so for anticipatory effects than for carryover effects. Overall, results indicate that V-to-V coarticulation in VCV sequences is dependent on the mechanical constraints imposed on the tongue dorsum to achieve dorsopalatal closure during the production of the intervening consonant. Moreover, anticipatory effects, but not carryover effects, involve articulatory preprogramming. PMID- 6520302 TI - Harmonic-intensity analysis of normal and hoarse voices. AB - Objective evaluation of normal and hoarse voices is performed considering the characteristic that hoarse voices show a prominent fundamental frequency intensity compared with harmonics in the voice spectrum. The relative harmonic intensity Hr, obtained from a stable portion of the sustained vowel/a/, is defined as the intensity of the second and higher harmonics expressed as a percentage of the total voice intensity. Ninety-five percent of the normal voices examined have Hr larger than the critical value of 67.2%, whereas 90% of the hoarse voices have Hr smaller than the critical value. The harmonic-intensity analysis thus provides good discrimination between normal and hoarse voices. PMID- 6520303 TI - Which syllable does an intervocalic stop belong to? A selective adaptation study. AB - Three selective adaptation experiments were conducted to investigate whether intervocalic stops are perceived as the end of the preceding syllable or as the beginning of the following one. The pattern of adaptation effects (and just as importantly, noneffects) indicated that intervocalic stop consonants are perceptually more like syllable-initial than syllable-final ones. From this it might be concluded that the perceptual system breaks down a vowel-consonant-vowel (VCV) utterance into a V-CV sequence. However, the similarity of an intervocalic stop to a syllable-initial one is quite limited; the consonant in a VCV is apparently treated as essentially different from consonants in either VC or CV utterances. These results clarify, and perhaps complicate, the role of the syllable in models of the speech perception process. PMID- 6520304 TI - A multispeaker analysis of durations in read French paragraphs. AB - Understanding how the durations of acoustic segments vary in natural language can lead to more intelligible synthetic speech, and to improved automatic recognition. Toward this goal, a 111-word French paragraph was read by 29 native speakers from France. Measured durations of acoustic segments were significantly shorter than those in earlier studies of stressed words in French sentences read from a list. Previously recognized trends (short schwa vowels and function words; long unvoiced fricatives, nasalized vowels, and prepausal syllables) are confirmed and quantitative results are given. Vowels were longer preceding voiced fricatives (but not prior to/r/), and were also longer at sentence-internal pauses than at the end of a sentence. Standard deviations of acoustic segment durations (at fixed positions in the paragraph) across speakers averaged less than 25% in most cases. The exceptional, larger deviations occurred primarily in segments adjacent to pauses. Speaking rate variations could account for only one sixth of the deviations, the rest being attributable to relatively free variation across speakers. A generative model of French durations, suitable for synthesis by-rule, is presented, and applications to automatic recognition are discussed. PMID- 6520305 TI - The effect of correcting fundamental frequency on the intelligibility of deaf speech and its interaction with temporal aspects. AB - This study investigates the role of intonation for the intelligibility of deaf speech. The intonation contours of Dutch sentences spoken by deaf children were manipulated using digital signal processing techniques, including LPC analysis. Sentence intonation was corrected by replacing the original F0 contour of the deaf utterance with an artificial contour derived from a formalized intonation grammar. Three types of intonation corrections were produced, differing with respect to the underlying accent structure and the type of F0 movements used. The overall results show that intonation correction yields a small but significant improvement in intelligibility of 7% (from 20% to 27% words correctly identified). The largest gain is obtained after removal of over-accentuations. To evaluate the interaction with temporal aspects, intonation corrections were also implemented on temporally corrected sentences. Total growth in intelligibility due to these combined corrections amounts to 13%. Thus it is concluded that no dramatic gain in intelligibility may be expected if speech pathologists succeed in teaching their deaf pupils to have better control over the suprasegmental aspects of their speech. PMID- 6520306 TI - Effects of background noise level on detection of tone glides. AB - Detection thresholds were obtained for short duration rising tone glides and falling tone glides for normal hearing listeners in quiet and with varied levels of background, broadband noise. For signal durations 50 ms, or greater, pure tones were detectable at lower levels than were rising and falling tone glides; no level effects were observed. For signal durations less than 50 ms an interaction between background noise level, signal duration, and signal class was observed. The previously reported tendency for short duration rising glides to be detected at lower sound pressures than pure tones or falling tone glides appears to be unique to a limited range of noise levels (40-75 dB). PMID- 6520307 TI - NoSo and NoS pi thresholds as a function of masker level for narrow-band and wideband masking noise. AB - NoSo and NoS pi thresholds for a 500-Hz signal were determined as a function of masker level for masking noises having 600- and 50-Hz bandwidths centered on 500 Hz. Noise levels of 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60 dB/Hz were used for the 600-Hz bandwidth, and noise levels of 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, and 70 dB/Hz were used for the 50-Hz bandwidth. The So thresholds increased as a function of increasing noise level with a slope close to 1.0, for both the 50- and 600-Hz masker bandwidths. For the 600-Hz-wide masker, the S pi thresholds increased with a slope less than 1.0 for masker levels from 0 dB/Hz to approximately 20 dB/Hz, but increased with a slope close to 1.0 for masker levels above approximately 20 dB/Hz. For the 50-Hz-wide masker, the S pi thresholds increased with a slope less than 1.0 for masker levels from 0 dB/Hz to approximately 40 dB/Hz, but increased with a slope close to 1.0 for masker levels above approximately 40 dB/Hz. The results are discussed in terms of different binaural processes involving interaction between monaural critical bands centered on the signal frequency, and interaction involving monaural critical bands outside the monaural critical band centered on the signal. It was suggested that the narrow-band noise results are probably more appropriate than the wideband noise results when considering binaural interaction involving monaural critical bands centered on the signal frequency. PMID- 6520308 TI - Discrimination of the spatial distribution of concurrently active sound sources: some experiments with stereophonic arrays. AB - Several experiments are described in which subjects were required to discriminate differences in the spatial distribution of concurrently active sound sources in stereophonic arrays. For pure tone stimuli and binaural listening, systematic discrimination functions were observed when relatively small intersource frequency differences (approximately 30 Hz) were present. For tonal stimuli, this discrimination task was reliably performed only for frequencies below 1500 Hz. Additional tests were conducted with amplitude-modulated tonal stimuli, low- and high-frequency uncorrelated noise, correlated low-frequency noise, and, with the uncorrelated low-frequency noise, for stimuli presented in both the vertical plane and under monaural listening conditions. The results of all of these manipulations support the notion that the spatial distribution of sources in a stereophonic array can be appreciated if disparate low-frequency energy is available from the sources in a horizontal configuration. The implications of these results are discussed relative to acoustic processing in the natural environment. PMID- 6520310 TI - Angular analysis of wedge-type osteotomies. PMID- 6520309 TI - Interaction of spontaneous oto-acoustic emissions and external sounds. AB - Spontaneous oto-acoustic emissions (SOAEs) were detected in eight of 19 ears from 12 persons with normal hearing. On a subset of these individuals, additional characteristics of SOAEs were studied including the suppression of SOAE level caused by an external tone. For suppressor tones below and slightly above the frequency of an SOAE, suppression is quite abrupt (about 5 dB of SOAE level reduction per dB increase in suppressor level); however, as suppressor frequency increases above the SOAE, the rate of suppression decreases. A release from suppression was demonstrated by the interaction of an SOAE with two external tones. When a tone above the SOAE frequency causes suppression, a second tone above the suppressor frequency can cause the SOAE to increase nearly to its ambient level. This finding is interpreted as the second tone having suppressed some aspect of the intracochlear influence of the first tone. The growth rate of this secondary suppression appears to be near 1 dB/dB, a value similar to rates derived from existing measures of two-tone suppression observed in auditory-nerve fiber recordings in laboratory mammals. PMID- 6520311 TI - The Roux osteotomy. A correction for hallux abducto valgus deformity. PMID- 6520312 TI - A mathematical approach to closing base wedge osteotomy. PMID- 6520313 TI - A review of the literature on the US foot health care system. Part I. PMID- 6520314 TI - Hospital drug study. PMID- 6520315 TI - Characteristics of podiatrists and podiatric practice. PMID- 6520316 TI - The cortical shelf of the first metatarsal in base wedge osteotomy. PMID- 6520317 TI - Lack of synergistic effect between arsenic, mercury and ethyl methane sulfonate on the frequency of chromosomal aberrations in mice. AB - The influence of arsenic and mercury on the frequency of chromosome aberrations induced by ethylmethane sulfonate was studied in mice. No synergistic effects could be demonstrated in somatic and germ cells of mice given a combined treatment of arsenic trioxide solution (As2O3, 12 mg per kg body weight) or of mercuric chloride solution (HgCl2, 6 mg per kg body weight) with ethylmethane sulfonate (EMS, 200 mg per kg body weight). PMID- 6520318 TI - Dimethylnitrosamine genotoxicity in rat liver primary cell cultures with low cytochrome P-450 levels. AB - Liver primary cell cultures (LPCC) with decreasing concentrations of cytochrome P 450 were used to investigate the genotoxicity of the hepatic carcinogen dimethylnitrosamine (DMN) and the correlation between DMN genotoxicity and cytochrome P-450 levels. Hepatocytes were isolated from partially hepatectomized rats and incubated with [3H]thymidine; single-strand DNA molecular weight was determined by alkaline sucrose sedimentation. The molecular weight of DNA decreased 50% in LPCC plated either 2 or 24 h before being treated for 24 h with 70 micron DMN. Cytochrome P-450 content was 188 pmol per mg protein in freshly isolated hepatocytes, whereas it was 70 and 32 pmol per mg protein in hepatocytes that had been cultured 24 and 48 h, respectively. Incorporation of 14C into acid insoluble material was the same in LPCC exposed 24 h to [14C]DMN starting either 2 or 24 h after cell plating. At non-toxic concentrations (0.01-1 microM), SKF 525-A, an inhibitor of mixed-function oxidase enzymes, inhibited approximately 20% of the binding of 14C from [14C]DMN to acid-insoluble material in LPCC plated either 2 or 24 h before they were exposed to DMN for 24 h. Hepatocyte cultures exposed to the direct-acting alkylating agent N-methyl-N'-nitro-N nitrosoguanidine (at concentrations ranging between 6.8 X 10(-8) and 6.8 X 10(-5) M) starting 2 and 24 h after plating, exhibited significant unscheduled DNA synthesis. These results indicate that DMN genotoxicity was similar in LPCC differing considerably in cytochrome P-450 levels, and they suggest that DMN genotoxicity in these cultures is due mainly to similar DMN activation than to decreased DNA repair. PMID- 6520319 TI - Kidney toxicity of 3-methylxanthine in the rat. AB - The effects of 3-methylxanthine, the pharmacologically active metabolite of theophylline, on the kidneys of Wistar rats after short-term administration were studied. 3-Methylxanthine was administered in oral doses of 0 (control), 50, 100 and 200 mg per kg per day for 1, 8 and 16 days. The kidneys were examined by light and electron microscopy. Tubular necrosis was noticed at a dose level of 100 mg kg-1 after 16 days and at a dose level of 200 mg kg-1 after 8 days. Elevated values of serum urea were found after 1 day of treatment with a dose of 200 mg kg-1 and after 16 days with a dose of 100 mg kg-1. Elevated values of serum creatinine were detected after 8 days of treatment with a dose of 200 mg kg 1. The results indicate dose- and time-related renal failure following administration of 3-methylxanthine. PMID- 6520320 TI - Chronic toxicity of S-(trans-1,2-dichlorovinyl)-L-cysteine in mice. AB - S-(trans-1,2-Dichlorovinyl)-L-cysteine (DCVC) exposure causes acute renal tubular cytotoxicity. To further characterize the effects of DCVC, a chronic study was undertaken. Male Swiss-Webster mice received DCVC dissolved in their drinking water at 0.01, 0.05 and 0.1 mg ml-1. At 4, 8, 21 and 37 weeks, animals were terminated. Bladders, spleens, livers, kidneys and eyes were removed for histopathological examination. At 0.05 and 0.1 mg ml-1 DCVC, growth retardation was evident by 21 weeks. By 26 weeks, all animals in the 0.1 mg ml-1 group had developed cortical cataracts. Cytomegaly, nuclear hyperchromatism and multiple nucleoli were noted in the cells of the pars recta region of the kidney by 4 weeks and correlated to time and dose. At later time points, renal tubular atrophy and early interstitial fibrosis were evident. The epithelial cytological cellular abnormalities appear to be dose-related. Minor pathological changes were noted in the spleen, while there was no effect on the liver or bladder. Chronic ingestion of DCVC results in severe kidney injury. PMID- 6520321 TI - The effects of fasting on the acute oral toxicity of nine chemicals in the rat. AB - Nine chemicals, with a range from extremely to slightly toxic, were used to measure the oral LD50 in both fasted (24-h) and non-fasted rats. Each chemical was tested as a solution or suspension in corn oil, responses within 14 days post treatment were evaluated, and LD50S were calculated. Hexachlorophene was more toxic in non-fasted rats. The LD50 values for tetraethyl lead, methomyl and hexamethylenediamine were essentially the same in both fasted and non-fasted rats. Adiponitrile, bromobenzene, caffeine, carbon tetrachloride and N-butyl-1,6 hexamediamine yielded lower LD50 values in fasted rats. The use of non-fasted rats in acute oral toxicity determinations allows both the establishment of relative potency and the estimation of dosage levels for further repeated dose oral studies. The LD50 values obtained were generally (7 of 9) higher in non fasted rats, but the magnitude of the differences was not great enough to suggest routine use of both fasted and non-fasted rats in oral toxicity studies. PMID- 6520322 TI - Screening for ochratoxin A in blood by flow injection analysis. AB - A micromethod for ochratoxin A detection in human sera by flow injection technique is described. The method requires 50 microliter of sera, and it is designed to distinguish samples containing less than 10 ng ochratoxin A per ml. The method is based on fluorescence measurement following a simple extraction procedure for which very small amounts of chemicals are needed. Since the method is not confirmatory, all samples showing fluorescence above a certain intensity have to be reanalysed with some other method where a confirmation step in included. Because of the small amount of serum needed and the rapid procedure (less than 15 min), a large number of samples can be analysed very quickly. The method may therefore be applicable for large screening campaigns conducted to determine the presence of ochratoxin A in blood. This conclusion is based on 1675 samples and 147 standards analysed concurrently by the flow injection technique and an earlier published enzymic method. The method is also suitable for monitoring ochratoxin A levels in the blood of experimental animals. PMID- 6520323 TI - Determination of plasma total lipid profiles by capillary gas-liquid chromatography. AB - We have obtained improved qualitative and quantitative information about plasma lipid composition by adopting capillary gas-liquid chromatography to the determination of plasma total lipid profiles. The new procedure takes advantage of the good recoveries of high molecular weight solutes provided by short capillary columns as well as of the absence of sample fractionation during on column injection. The major improvements in the gas-liquid chromatographic determination of plasma lipid profiles are the greatly increased carbon number resolution of the solutes and the minimal sample size requirements on the capillary columns. In many instances there is a partial resolution of the saturated and unsaturated molecules within a carbon number, which provides clues to the fatty acid composition of the molecular species. In other respects the new plasma total lipid profiles are similar to those obtained on packed columns. The plasma lipids are dephosphorylated by phospholipase C and trimethylsilylated before analysis. PMID- 6520324 TI - A polychromatic flash photolysis apparatus (PFPA). AB - A wide variety of biologically relevant chemical intermediates have been identified and characterised by their spectral properties. When rapid kinetics, i.e. rapid changes in these spectral properties are studied, the equipment designed for these studies (flash photolysis-, T-jump apparatus) usually allows only the registration of intensity changes of the monitoring light beam at one particular wavelength. Quite frequently, however, particularly in biological systems, the reactions of interest are too complex to be fully understood using single wavelength techniques. We have therefore designed and built a flash photolysis apparatus which permits the simultaneous recording of absorbance changes at 32 wavelengths, freely selectable between 300 and 1000 nm, as well as changes in fluorescence, luminescence, birefringence and light scattering. The apparatus, which we have called Polychromatic Flash Photolysis Apparatus (PFPA), acquires up to 8000 difference spectra per second with an amplitude resolution of better than 0.0001 absorbance unit. Data acquisition and activation of an actinic xenon flash unit occurs under computer control. The same computer is responsible for data storage, handling and graphic display. This communication describes the PFPA, its performance, and, as a demonstration of its potential usefulness, its application to the measurement of the light driven photocycle of bacterial rhodopsin, the proton pumping protein of Halobacterium halobium. PMID- 6520325 TI - A fast and sensitive micromethod for the manual sequencing of peptides using O phthalaldehyde as derivatizing reagent. AB - A general procedure for the manual sequencing of peptides using the fluorogenic reagent O-phthalaldehyde (OPA) is described. The method can be applied in two different ways. One of them involves back hydrolysis of the anilinothiazolinones resulting from the Edman degradation of the peptide and subsequent detection of the free amino acids as OPA derivatives. The other is a subtractive analysis in which the amino acid composition of the remaining peptide is determined after each degradation cycle. The direct procedure can be coupled to the subtractive one in order to assure the accuracy of the sequence analysis. The method is fast and simple, and allows determination of 10 pmol of amino acid per cycle using standard reagents and instrumentation. Sensitivity can be greatly enhanced provided that ultrapure chemicals are employed. Small peptides (8-10 residues) were sequenced from 200 pmol sample, using a high-performance liquid chromatography assembly coupled to a fluorescence detector. PMID- 6520326 TI - Iron electronic structure in oxyhemoglobin and carboxypeptidase digested derivatives. AB - Mossbauer experiments were performed on the oxy- derivatives of human hemoglobin and its products of digestion with carboxypeptidases. The hemoglobins were chemically enriched to 95% in 57Fe, and were free from hemochrome impurities. Spectra were taken at low temperatures in the presence and absence of a 5.0 T magnetic field. It was observed that the enzymatic digestions which remove residues at least 16 A from the iron of the nearest heme appear to modify the electronic environment of the metal. PMID- 6520327 TI - Polarimetric determination of substitution of oxirane groups on epoxy-activated Sepharose 6B gel by cyclodextrins. AB - A method is described for direct monitoring of extent of coupling of cyclodextrins to Epoxy-activated Sepharose 6B gel by polarimetry. The extent of coupling of cyclodextrin to Epoxy gel can be quantitatively monitored by this method. PMID- 6520328 TI - Correction of anomalous covariance functions in low-angle quasi-elastic light scattering. AB - The application of low-forward angle quasi-elastic light scattering to characterization of biological systems has been limited by maximal sensitivity of this approach to the transient presence of large Rayleigh or Mie scattering particles which contaminate the scattering volume. These particles result in anomalous autocovariance curves which translate to erroneous estimates of particle diffusion constants and Stokes radii. We have systematically considered two approaches to correct the cause of such anomalies before the autocorrelation step. This work has led to workable methods that allow low-angle quasi-elastic light scattering to provide reliable estimates of particle size. The approaches are useful in correcting errors due not only to 'dust' but also to more rapidly moving scatterers. To illustrate the method, bovine serum albumin and ovalbumin were used as example proteins. PMID- 6520329 TI - Uniformly spaced banding pattern in DNA sequencing gels by use of field-strength gradient. AB - A method is described for casting and operating ultrathin wedge-shaped field strength gradient gels for DNA sequencing. One of the gradients results in a uniformly-spaced oligonucleotide banding pattern from 60 to 300 nucleotides in a 53 cm long 4% polyacrylamide gel. From these field-strength gradient gels, more sequencing data can be obtained with greater confidence than from gels with uniform thickness. The gel-casting method is fast and simple. At 2.5 kV two gels can be run simultaneously in 2 h with the same power supply. PMID- 6520330 TI - Spectrofluorimetric determination of desoxycholic acid in the presence of cholic and chenodesoxycholic acids by use of Ce(IV) and concentrated sulphuric acid. AB - A method for the quantitative estimation of desoxycholic acid (200-700 micrograms/ml) in the presence of cholic and chenodesoxycholic acids is described. The method is based on the transformation of desoxycholic acid in fluorescent products (lambda ex = 350 nm, lambda em = 458 nm) by the action of concentrated sulphuric acid, this being enhanced by the presence of Ce(IV). The sample is mixed with a solution of Ce(IV) and concentrated sulphuric acid under standard conditions. Fluorescence is measured in relation to a reference containing the same components except Ce(IV). Cholic and chenodesoxycholic acids do not produce a reaction under adequate conditions. Synthetic samples of bile acids were tested for validation of the method. PMID- 6520331 TI - [Fucosidosis. Ocular ultrastructure]. AB - An ultrastructural study of the eyes of a six year old girl affected with fucosidosis demonstrated widespread overloading of lysosomes with a fibrillo granular material of variable density. Conjunctival and corneal epithelial cells, keratocytes, sclerocytes, fibroblasts, corneal endothelial cells, retinal ganglion cells, inner segments of photoreceptors as well as glial cells of the optic nerve were markedly involved by the storage process. On the contrary, the pigment epithelium of the retina, the ciliary body and the iris were unaffected. Membranous cytoplasmic bodies were only disclosed within Schwann cells of conjunctival and ciliary nerves. Particularly striking lesions were observed within the endothelial cells of capillaries and veins of the eyes, as well as in all tissues examined, like the liver, spleen, kidney, lung, brain and skin. On the contrary, artery walls remained intact. These lesions explain the development of retinal vascular tortuosities, conjunctival aneurisms and cutaneous angiomas that characterize the clinical picture of our patient and that are often described in fucosidosis. The massive overloading of retinal ganglion cells contrasts with the absence of a macular cherry-red spot in fucosidosis. The nature of the stored material is probably responsible for this apparent discrepancy. Indeed, ganglion cells contain membranous cytoplasmic bodies in all diseases with cherry-red spots, whereas only a fibrillo-granular material was disclosed in the present case. PMID- 6520332 TI - [Asteroid hyalopathy. Ultrastructural study of 3 cases]. AB - The vitreous of three patients with asteroid hyalosis (average age: 57 years) was obtained by a two-hand closed pars plana vitrectomy. Asteroid hyalosis was associated with alcoholic neuropathy in the first case, long standing retinal detachment in the second case, and diabetes mellitus in the third case. The visual acuity before and after the surgical procedure improved from 1.2/6 to 6/6 in the first case, from light perception to 0.3/6 in the second case, from 0.6/6 to 4.8/6 in the third case. The vitreous was studied by different ultrastructural technics : transmission electron microscopy (T.E.M.) scanning electron microscopy (S.E.M.) and electron diffraction X ray analysis (E.D.A.X.). By S.E.M. the asteroid bodies appeared as rounded structures with an irregular surface connected to each other by fibrous strands among sodium chloride crystals. No cellular remnants were observed. By T.E.M. the asteroid bodies were composed of interwinned ribbons of multilaminar membranes with a periodicity (10 to 60 A) characteristic of complex lipids, especially phospholipids. At the edge of the ribbons there were dots and sometimes clumps of opaque material that tended to crack out of the specimen with the heat of the electron beam. T.E.M. study disclosed the irregular disposition of the calcific bodies. By E.D.A.X. the calcific composition of the rounded structures could be determined : calcium and phosphorus were the main elements detectable in asteroid bodies of all sizes for all three patients. The average calcium counts for the three successive cases were : 18, 30, 43 and for phosphorus : 9, 14, 26. Potassium was found in the first case, and sulfur in the third case.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6520333 TI - [Pneumococcal postoperative endophthalmitis]. AB - Three cases of pneumococcal endophthalmitis proven by paracentesis and direct bacteriologic evaluation were studied. Cultures were positive for pneumococcus in two the three cases. The fulminant course, and poor visual outcome emphasize the urgency of proper diagnosis by microscopic identification, and of intra-vitreal of injection of antibiotics sometimes associated with vitrectomy. Subconjunctival gentamicin commonly used in ophthalmologic surgery as prophylactic treatment, is often not effective against pneumococcus. It seems advisable to associate subconjunctival chloramphenicol with the gentamicin to help prevent this bacterial infection. PMID- 6520334 TI - [Penetration of amikacin into the anterior chamber of the human eye]. AB - The authors compared amikacin penetration into the aqueous humor after intraveinous and subconjunctival administration, by samples taken at cataract surgery. Of 12 patients divided into 4 groups, given 500 mg of intraveinous amikacin at one to four hours before surgery, none showed detectable aqueous levels; whereas, the plasma level was maximum at one hour (25.5 +/- 4.5 micrograms/ml). Of 18 cases similarly divided into 4 groups given 30 mg of subconjunctival amikacin, aqueous levels of the drug were detectable at 24 minutes (6.2 +/- 5.2 micrograms/ml) and increased thereafter to 177.5 +/- 11.45 micrograms/ml at the maximum time allowed of 3 hours. No plasma levels were detected at time. Based on prior reports of the minimum inhibiting concentration of amikacin, subconjunctival administration would appear to provide effective aqueous levels for the prophylaxis and treatment of susceptable bacterial infections. PMID- 6520335 TI - [Erythropsia in a patient with lens implant. Physiologic and electrophysiologic study]. AB - A case of snow erythropsia is described in a patient with pseudophakia (Binkhorst four loop len). Symptoms of the condition lasted a week and allowed us to define psychophysic and electrophysiological findings. Morphoscopic night threshold was raised (0,28 b/hm 2). Resistance to glare was very low. In the study of colour vision, answers for Beyne's lantern lights were: pink orange for white; grey for blue; purple for red; red for orange; white for green. Ishihara and Farnsworth tests showed a defect of the red-green type. With the Nagel anomaloscope the matching of colours was normal (Rayleigh match). Electrophysiological study showed a low value of the standing potential of the eye and a normal electroretinogram. It seems that the colour defect in erythropsia is a glare phenomenon due to high luminance. PMID- 6520337 TI - [Tonography again!]. PMID- 6520336 TI - [Pulfrich phenomenon]. AB - A physiological and clinical study of the Pulfrich stereo-phenomenon was performed. The most important physiological parameters are object movements, luminous factors, and the position and movement of the eyes. Our experimental research emphasizes the retinal illumination factors, modified by many optical devices (pinhole, stenopeic slit, etc.); the paradoxical perceptive aspects of the Pulfrich phenomenon; and, above all, outlines the negligible role of the metric factors. The Pulfrich phenomenon is mainly time-dependent, and is defined as a stereoscopic illusion related to the temporal disparity between the visual input arising from the two eyes at the time of their cortical integration. In ocular pathology, 267 subjects were studied, the ocular abnormalities being divided into diseases of the pupil, cornea and vitreous body, cataracts, retina, optic nerve, glaucoma and strabismus. The difference between the spontaneous Pulfrich phenomenon and the provoked Pulfrich phenomenon is stressed: the spontaneous Pulfrich phenomenon is rare (14% of subjects); by itself it is anomalous and is a functional symptom his mechanism may vary according to the etiology; on the contrary, the provoked Pulfrich phenomenon is a normal phenomenon, induced by a filter in front of one eye; its absence is pathological either with the filter in front of the better eye, the bad eye, or of each in turn. In clinical practice this lack is frequent (46% of subjects), and is related to an alteration of binocular vision, but without etiological specificity. PMID- 6520338 TI - Potential of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid conjugates as promutagens in the Salmonella/microsome mutagenicity test. AB - Hepatic S9 preparations from Aroclor 1254 induced rats and 3-methylcholanthrene induced woodchucks were used to investigate, in vitro, the mutagenic potential of five amino acid conjugates of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (alanine, aspartic acid, leucine, methionine and tryptophan). Five strains of Salmonella typhimurium (TA97, TA98, TA100, TA1535, TA1538) were utilized for this purpose. Dose-response effects producing a two-fold increase of revertants over spontaneous levels were not observed with either S9 preparation indicating that the amino acid conjugates are not promutagens in these assays. PMID- 6520339 TI - Thiram-induced toxic liver injury in male Sprague-Dawley rats. AB - A single i.p. dose (120 mg/kg) of thiram given to male Sprague-Dawley rats caused a significant increase in the activity of SGOT and SGPT 24 hr post-treatment indicating liver damage. A considerable diminution in the serum cholinesterase activity was also noted in the treated rats as against the control animals. Additional evidence for thiram-induced liver toxicity is provided by the observation that there was approximately 50% inhibition of the activity of hepatic microsomal benzphetamine N-demethylase with a concomitant decrease in the concentration of cytochrome P-450, an important component of the mixed-function oxidase system. Although not significant, hepatic glutathione levels were also depleted by thiram, probably making the liver susceptible to toxic injury. PMID- 6520340 TI - Toxicological response and its reversibility in rats fed Lake Ontario or Pacific coho salmon for 13 weeks. AB - Lake Ontario coho salmon were known to contain a mixture of chemical contaminants. A previous study demonstrated that rats fed the Lake Ontario fish supplemented diet for 28 days exhibited mild biochemical and histological changes. The purpose of the present study was to determine the effects due to a longer term of exposure and the reversibility of these effects. Growth rate and food consumption were not affected by feeding the animals with Lake Ontario or Pacific fish-supplemented diets for 13 weeks. No deaths were observed. Decreased spleen weights were observed in groups of males fed 1.45%, 5.8% Lake Ontario and 2.9% Pacific diet. After a 13 week recovery the spleen weights returned to normal. Decreased serum potassium was observed in male rats fed 2.9% Lake Ontario diet, and all levels of Pacific diet for 13 weeks, and was not evident following maintenance on normal diet. Serum glucose was not affected by the 13-week period of treatment, however; a reduction in this parameter occurred in male rats fed the two highest doses of Lake Ontario diet and all doses of Pacific diet following the 13-week recovery period. Minor hematological changes occurred only in the male rats fed either Lake Ontario or Pacific diet following a 13 week recovery period and included reduced marrow myeloid cells and myeloid/erythroid ratio. Hepatic microsomal ethoxyresorufin deethylase activity was significantly increased in rats ingesting Lake Ontario diet. Mild histological changes occurred in the liver and thyroid of the treated males, and in the liver and kidney of the treated females. These changes were attributed to the chemical residues and/or the fish diet. Data presented here indicated that the Lake Ontario fish supplemented diet can cause mild biochemical, hematological and histological changes but most of these were reversible when exposure was terminated. PMID- 6520341 TI - An eleven-year study of chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticide residues in bovine fat in Illinois, 1972-1982. AB - Bovine fat samples in Illinois were monitored for residues of chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides from 1972 through 1982. The percentage of fat samples that were contaminated with all chlorinated hydrocarbons decreased during the 11 year study. The percentage of samples contaminated with DDT and its analogs decreased most markedly from 82.4% in 1972 to 2.1% in 1982. The percentage of samples contaminated with aldrin/dieldrin and heptachlor/heptachlor epoxide began to decline in 1980 and continued to decrease through 1982. PMID- 6520342 TI - Avascular necrosis after first metatarsal head osteotomies. AB - Thirty patients who were surgically treated for hallux valgus by first metatarsal head osteotomies between 1975 and 1980 were reviewed. The average follow-up was 41 months, with the longest being 78 months and the shortest 16 months. Radiographs were obtained to determine if avascular necrosis of the first metatarsal head had occurred. Two cases of avascular necrosis were discovered. PMID- 6520343 TI - The relationship between foot structure and intermetatarsal neuromas. AB - Intermetatarsal neuromas are caused by trauma secondary to biomechanical factors. A review of the literature concerning intermetatarsal neuromas is presented. The authors discuss foot structure as a possible cause and present data from 292 radiographs that substantiate the proposed theory. They suggest that intermetatarsal neuromas are caused by a combination of factors. PMID- 6520345 TI - Post-traumatic brachymetatarsia. AB - A case report of post-traumatic brachymetatarsia of the fourth right metatarsal is presented. The literature is reviewed and surgical alternatives are discussed. Treatment consisted of a step-up elongational osteotomy with good results and rapid patient recovery. PMID- 6520344 TI - Surgery for tophaceous gout. AB - Cases of tophaceous gout amenable to surgical management may be encountered in a podiatric practice. This paper reviews the indications for surgery, the pathology, the principles of surgical technique, the preoperative and postoperative management, and presents a case report. PMID- 6520346 TI - Plantar inclusion cyst: a review of the literature. AB - Cystic lesions on the plantar surface of the foot are rare and usually a consequence of trauma. Patients generally present complaining of a firm ovoid or nodular mass under a weightbearing area that exhibits dull to exquisite tenderness upon direct pressure. A careful history often reveals past injury of varying severity with subsequent evolution of a gradually enlarging mass closely adjoining the area of insult. A frequently overlooked finding of interest is a mixed histologic picture with features common to both foreign body reactions as well as inclusion cysts. PMID- 6520347 TI - Use of the Shaw scalpel in podiatric surgery. AB - The Shaw scalpel is an electric device that produces instantaneous hemostasis through the direct transfer of heat in order to seal severed blood vessels. It offers an improved method of surgical hemostasis without the muscle stimulation and tissue damage of conventional electrosurgical units. In this presentation, the authors introduce this new hemostatic scalpel, illustrate its use in podiatric surgery, and review results of investigational trial efficacy. PMID- 6520348 TI - Synovial osteochondromatosis of the ankle secondary to acute injury to bone. AB - Synovial osteochondromatosis is a benign lesion characterized by multiple cartilaginous and osteocartilaginous nodules of the synovium, as well as loose bodies within the joint. Present theories of origin include spontaneous metaplastic changes of the synovial cells or bursal tissues, which form foci of cartilage. The cartilage detaches, enters the joint cavity, and ultimately becomes calcified and ossified. Several authors have suggested trauma to the synovial tissues as being causative, but this has never been statistically confirmed. Others have even mentioned the spontaneous metablastic changes of chondrocytes as a possible etiology in some select cases. The origin of these chondrocytes has been assumed to be the synovial tissues. This paper questions the origin of chondrocytes--that they may sometimes originate from damaged interarticular bone. Also, they may form in a fashion similar to the extra articular, solitary osteochondroma in which trauma plays a role in leading to the metaplasia of chondrocytes in the epiphysis. In the synovial osteochondromatosis, trauma to the interarticular bone may also result in a metaplasia of chondrocytes. The following case presents a history of ankle injury, leading to the formation of synovial osteochondromatosis in a relatively short time span. A pathologic review of osseous fragments removed from the joint revealed that an active reparative process had been initiated, suggestive of trauma to the bone as one possible cause of formation of synovial osteochondromatosis in an adolescent. PMID- 6520349 TI - A double-blind crossover study comparing two doses of Duranest (etidocaine) 1% with a fixed dose of Sensorcaine (bupivacaine) 0.5% utilizing infiltration regional blocks of the fifth ray. AB - Two local anesthetics, Duranest 1% (etidocaine HCl) and Sensorcaine 0.5% (bupivacaine HCl), were tested against each other in dose-related blocks of the fifth ray. This study was conducted under double-blind cross-over conditions using 24 healthy volunteers. It was found that 4 ml. of either agent was sufficient to anesthetize the fifth ray area in all but 4.2% of the injections and 8 ml. of etidocaine always accomplished complete fifth ray anesthesia. Also, 4 ml. of etidocaine was found to have a more rapid onset and longer duration than the same volume of bupivacaine, 6.3 vs. 8.3 min. onset, and 487 vs. 449 min. duration, respectively. Pain and burning upon injection of either bupivacaine or etidocaine was encountered in 70% of the subjects tested. Residual pain was noted in some of the subjects given etidocaine after complete resolution of sensory anesthesia. Residual pain was not noted in any of the subjects given bupivacaine. Etidocaine was found to have a more rapid onset and a longer duration than bupivacaine or a lidocaine-bupivacaine mixture, and was thus found to be a superior agent in the subjects tested. PMID- 6520350 TI - Functional limitation of motion of the first metatarsophalangeal joint. AB - The primary conditions characterized by functional limitation of motion of the first metatarsal are hallux limitus and hallux rigidus. The authors discuss the etiology, clinical manifestations, biomechanical compensatory mechanisms, and radiographic findings. Because only temporary relief is provided by conservative treatment, the various surgical approaches to treatment are discussed. PMID- 6520351 TI - [Ciliary activity of cells of the fallopian tubes (apropos of the sequellae of salpingitis)]. AB - A study was made of ciliary movement in tubal epithelium using microphotooscillography on the tubes of 91 patients who were operated on for tubal, ovarian or uterine pathology. Three groups were classified: 31 with healthy tubes, 47 with tubes that showed the consequences of salpingitis. These patients had been operated on for sterility after much treatment with antibiotics and corticoids. 13 sets of tubes from pregnant women (6 cases had intra-uterine pregnancies and underwent tubal ligation after Caesarean section or after a termination of pregnancy) and 7 cases had extra-uterine pregnancies with salpingectomy. This study has made it possible for us to make several observations: The ciliary activity was not altered by the time in the menstrual cycle. When the tubes were healthy tubal activity was hardly changed when a fibroid was present, nor when an ovarian cyst or endometriosis were present (550 beats a minute). In pregnant women ciliary activity is maintained until the pregnancy becomes intra-uterine. It is always abolished in cases of extra-uterine pregnancy, even if this is at some distance from the site of inflammatory reaction caused by implantation of the oocyte. In cases following salpingitis, ciliary activity in the tubes is often altered and sometimes nil. It therefore seems that if one excludes anatomical lesions such as tubal blocks and ampullary phimosis, salpingitis which is the cause of sterility changes tubal physiology greatly. This is true even at some distance from the site of the infective process as is shown by changes in ciliary activity. PMID- 6520352 TI - [Changes in acid-base equilibrium according to the type of delivery]. AB - The changes in fetal acid-base equilibrium in the second stage of labour have been studied in two groups of patients: first, one of 48 women who delivered spontaneously and the second of 79 women who pushed as instructed. In each case blood was taken from the fetus at the beginning of the second stage and another sample was taken from the umbilical artery before the newborn could take his first breath. In the first group the mean value of fetal pH at the start of the second stage was 7.34 +/- 0.007 and in the umbilical artery 7.32 +/- 0.006 (p greater than 0.05; on the other hand in the second group the mean value of the intra-uterine pH was 7.35 +/- 0.06 and in the umbilical artery it had gone down to 7.25 +/- 0.009 ( p Less than 0.0005). The mechanisms by which active pushing as instructed causes a drop in pH in the fetus can be attributed to several possible haemodynamic modifications so that one must question the advantages of pushing under instruction. PMID- 6520353 TI - [Occurrence and course of condylomata of the cervix during pregnancy]. AB - This study analyses the frequency and the way cervical condylomata develop during pregnancy. We looked at 102 case notes of patients with condylomata in pregnancy which were diagnosed between September 1979 and September 1982. The incidence of pregnancy in patients with these condylomatous conditions is 1.3% and the incidence of these condylomatous conditions in pregnant women is 2.12%, which is three times that found in the general population. The authors analyse the distribution of straightforward condylomata and atypical ones and the way they evolve in pregnancy. Pure condylomata regress in 83% of cases. There has never been a case of invasion during the observation we have carried Out on carcinomata in situ. The distribution between pure condylomata (50%) and condylomata associated with various degrees of dysplasia (50%) has been studied and compared with that in the general population. PMID- 6520354 TI - [Hemolytic disease of the newborn caused by maternal allo-immunization against erythrocyte antigens other than A, B and rhesus D]. AB - The authors analyse numerous publications dealing with hemolytic disease of the newborn due to erythrocyte antigens other than A, B and Rhesus D. They emphasize the frequency of these diseases and the clinical presentation according to the antibody specificity. Finally, they suggest a practical management to treat these hemolytic diseases of the newborn. PMID- 6520355 TI - [Treatment of arterial hypertension in the pregnant woman with labetalol. A propos of 24 cases]. AB - Beta blockers are now widely used to treat hypertension during pregnancy. The authors give their experience of 24 cases with Labetalol which is an alpha and beta blocker. A comparative study of the results obtained in mother and child, with other publications using beta-blockers or Labetalol, was carried out. PMID- 6520356 TI - [Contraception using an intrauterine device inserted 1 month after delivery]. AB - The authors report their experience of mechanical contraception using an intra uterine device placed one month after delivery. The fact that perforation did not occur and there were no serious infectious complications, as well as that the method was well tolerated, that there was only 4.7% per year expulsions, and few failures (Pearl 2.96% per year) shows that this is a worth-while contraceptive method to recommend to women who have just delivered. PMID- 6520357 TI - [Estrogen-progestogen agents and megaloblastic anemia]. AB - TwO cases of megaloblastic anaemia, of which one was very severe, occurring in women who had been taking oestrogen-progestogen oral contraception over a long period of time, are reported. The authors take the opportunity, after having reviewed the literature, of pointing out the role of oestro-progestogen products in bringing about vitamin deficiencies. They discuss how and where oestrogen progestogen products work on folic metabolism and emphasize that there is an associated factor which starts off the deficiencies. PMID- 6520358 TI - Depression and physical illness: a multiwave, nonrecursive causal model. PMID- 6520360 TI - Sex, marital status, and age as social selection factors in recent psychiatric treatment. PMID- 6520359 TI - The role of predisposing and moderating factors in the stress-illness relationship. PMID- 6520361 TI - Coping with occupational problems: the limits of individual efforts. PMID- 6520362 TI - Protective function of resources related to life events, global stress, and depression in older adults. PMID- 6520363 TI - Deficiencies in social support among depressed patients: antecedents or consequences of stress? PMID- 6520364 TI - Measuring life stress: factors affecting fall-off in the reporting of life events. PMID- 6520365 TI - Prehospital use of the Glasgow Coma Scale in severe head injury. AB - To determine the prognostic value of prehospital Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) scores in severe blunt head injuries, the GCS at the scene of injury (INGCS) and the GCS in the emergency department (EDGCS) were compared with neurologic outcomes in 33 consecutive head-injured patients. Patients were categorized according to final outcome: Group I (n = 7) had no neurologic deficits, group II (n = 3) had only minor neurologic deficits, group III (n = 11) had major neurologic deficits, and group IV (n = 12) died. Mean INGCS was not significantly different for any of the four groups (range 4.14 to 4.67). However, mean EDGCS was significantly higher (P less than .05) for group I (9.43 +/- 4.08) than for group IV (5.17 +/- 3.13), and mean EDGCS for groups I and II (8.8 +/- 3.99) were significantly higher (P less than .05) than that of groups III and IV (5.7 +/- 2.88). The net change in GCS (EDGCS--INGCS) was significantly higher (P less than .05) for groups I and II (4.5 +/- 4.4) than for groups III and IV (1.3 +/- 2.91). We conclude that INGCS alone has no prognostic value, but that EDGCS and any prehospital change in GCS may have prognostic value for severely head-injured patients. PMID- 6520366 TI - The early management of acute epiglottitis: a survey of current practice. AB - Although the importance of proper management of acute epiglottitis has been well recognized, little attention has been paid to the vulnerable period of time before the patient reaches the hospital. The courses of 23 children with acute epiglottitis were reviewed to determine prehospitalization management and morbidity. PMID- 6520367 TI - Initial management of penetrating neck wounds--a selective approach. AB - The management of anterior penetrating neck injuries remains highly controversial. This is a review of our treatment of such injuries over the preceding decade. During the first 6 years all injuries were explored. Of 75 patients explored, only 33 (44%) had significant injuries. During the last 4 years, patients were managed selectively. Patients with bleeding, crepitation, dysphagia, compromised airways, or for whom full clinical evaluation was not possible underwent prompt formal operative exploration. All other patients were observed. Of 48 patients who underwent explorations, 41 (85%) had significant injuries. Thirty-six patients were observed with no adverse sequelae. Ancillary diagnostic testing was only routinely done in level I injuries. Over the last 10 years we evolved from mandatory exploration to selective exploration of anterior penetrating neck injuries. Our experience confirms the safety and cost effectiveness of a selective exploration policy. Furthermore, observation does not mandate extensive ancillary diagnostic testing for level II and level III injuries. PMID- 6520368 TI - The retention of cardiopulmonary resuscitation skills. AB - Although a great emphasis has recently been placed on training both the medical profession and the general public in cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), studies have demonstrated that retention of resuscitation skills is poor. Although CPR certification is generally valid for a 1- to 2-year period, evaluation of trainees at all levels has demonstrated a marked lack of proficiency over this course of time. This paper reviews the studies that have disclosed this lack of skills retention, as well as proposed solutions and reinforcement techniques. CPR course content and certification criteria must be appropriate to maximize retention as well as learning. To this end a simplification of basic life-support training curricula is recommended. PMID- 6520369 TI - Shift work. AB - Emergency medicine, by its nature, requires shift work. Shift work has a long history and has generated many studies and regulations. It affects physiologic rhythms, sleep patterns, health, social interaction, family life, and job performance. People of certain personality types or those having certain circadian patterns may be more suited to shift work than others. The shift worker's well-being may increase if he understands how his schedule affects him; if consumer services are made available to him at all times; and if his work is scheduled carefully. PMID- 6520370 TI - The emergency medical system in Japan. AB - In Japan, ambulance service was originated by the Osaka Branch Office of the Japan Red Cross in 1931. In 1933 the fire department organ of Yokohama started ambulance service. It was, however, without any legal requirements. Since the early 1960s, Japan has experienced a rapid development of industry and economy, so that traffic accidents have increased, necessitating a nationwide ambulance service system. In October 1961 the Director-General of the Fire Defense Agency organized the Fire Defense Council to study the problem of ambulance service. In response, the Fire Defense Act was amended in 1963, assigning ambulance service responsibilities to Fire Defense organs. During 1982 total ambulance runs numbered 2,125,447, and the total number of transported persons was 2,049,487. Response time is excellent in Japan. More than 50% of persons who called an ambulance could get help within five minutes. First-aid management was given to 56% of total transported persons. Of these, temperature regulation was most often administered, followed by oxygen inhalation, dressing, and hemostasis. Currently, 2,965 (91.1%) municipalities provide ambulance services to 98.3% of the population. The Japanese emergency medical system has serious problems, however, such as an inadequate number of general hospitals and a flood of nonemergent patients. To alleviate such problems, the Ministry of Health and Welfare developed the critical emergency transfer system in 1977. PMID- 6520371 TI - The functions of the hospital emergency department: a study of patient demand. AB - Explanations of patient use of hospital emergency departments have tended to emphasize either patient preferences for hospital treatment or the barriers that restrict patient use of their family practitioner. The weakness in these approaches has been the oversight of situations in which many accidents and some sudden illnesses occur. The object of this study is to examine what part social circumstances play in influencing patients' decisions to go to a hospital emergency department. An analysis of data collected from interviews with the sample of patients at a hospital emergency department suggests that social circumstances may be an important influence on patient demand for hospital service. The policy implications of these findings are discussed. PMID- 6520372 TI - Emergency treatment of foreign-body obstruction of the upper airway in children. AB - Recently, the Committee of Accident and Poison Prevention of the American Academy of Pediatrics presented its recommendations regarding the emergency management of the choking child. Renewed interest was stimulated in the controversy regarding whether back blows, abdominal thrusts, or chest thrusts should be used in the initial treatment of foreign-body obstruction of the upper airway. Two cases exemplifying problems in patient management are presented as a basis of focusing on the current controversy. Review of the clinical and experimental data suggests that back blows, followed by either chest or abdominal thrusts, are a reasonable approach to emergency airway obstruction, but that this recommendation is based on limited evidence. PMID- 6520373 TI - Onchocerciasis in camels (Camelus dromedarius) in Saudi Arabia. AB - During a survey in 1980-81, 125 of 478 (26.2%) camels in Saudi Arabia were found infected with onchocerciasis. The prevalence rates in local and imported camels were 93/272 (34.2%) and 32/206 (15.5%), respectively. The disease was characterized by hard nodules in the connective tissue around the nuchal ligaments and in the subcutis. The nodules consisted of cavities containing live, degenerate or dead Onchocerca fasciata, inflammatory cells, fibrosis and calcification. The microfilariae were concentrated in the skin over the head and neck regions and often caused mild non-suppurative dermatitis. PMID- 6520374 TI - Transmission electron microscopical studies of the site of attachment of Ancylostoma ceylanicum to the small bowel mucosa of the dog. AB - The host-parasite interaction at the site of attachment of the adult hookworm, Ancylostoma ceylanicum, to the small bowel mucosa of the dog has been examined by transmission electron microscopy. The lamina propria around the heads of the worms showed intense infiltration with neutrophilic and eosinophilic leucocytes, and plasma cells were also prominent. Erythrocytes were extravasated within the lamina propria while the portions of mucosa engulfed into the buccal cavities of the worms were necrotic and included aggregates of collagen fibres. Within the lumina of the worms were erythrocytes in varying stages of lysis together with other necrotic debris. The mucous membrane adjacent to the heads of the worms was ulcerated while more distant enterocytes were small, distorted and displayed various degrees of microvillar loss. Many mucosal blood vessels had platelet aggregates within their lumina but no fibrin deposition was observed. Vessels were often seen in the bases of the ulcers and were prone to rupture. Erythrocytes and leucocytes were seen in the dog intestinal lumen in close proximity to the bodies of the worms. PMID- 6520375 TI - Counter current immunoelectrophoresis, a new technique for the rapid serodiagnosis of porcine cysticercosis. AB - Counter current immunoelectrophoresis was used to detect porcine cysticercosis and water soluble extracts of scolex and of scolex with cyst wall were used as antigens. Serum samples from 40 pigs infected with Cysticercus cellulosae, five infected with C. tenuicollis and five with hydatid cysts, and 15 healthy pigs were tested. A sharp and thick concave precipitin band was observed at the point of interaction of antigen and antibody within 90 min in 39 sera from infected pigs (97.5%). The precipitin reaction was better in barbitone buffer of pH 8.6 with the well distance at 6 mm. No false or cross reaction were found and the test was rapid and sensitive. PMID- 6520376 TI - Chemotaxonomic studies on davaineid tapeworms, based on amino acid analysis. AB - Twelve amino acids were detected in six davaineid cestodes, Davainea hewetensis Dhawan & Capoor (1972) collected from one Gallus gallus domesticus L. at Allahabad, India. Chemotaxonomic studies within the family Davaineidae have shown the presence of cystine and hydroxyproline only in D. hewetensis, although phenylalanine and proline occur in all species examined previously. PMID- 6520377 TI - Repeated patent infection of adult dogs with Toxocara canis. AB - Three adult male greyhounds have been repeatedly infected with Toxocara canis by oral administration of 100 to 200 infective ova. Each infection has become patent as shown by the presence of eggs in faeces. Anthelmintic treatment between 7 and 14 weeks after infection yielded an average of 25% of the inoculum as adult worms. These dogs have continued to be fully susceptible to infection despite repeated exposure to this parasite, and despite the presence of serum antibody to both parasite surface and secreted antigens. These findings imply that adult dogs may not always be immune to toxocaral infection and may therefore contribute significantly to the problem of environmental contamination with T. canis ova. PMID- 6520378 TI - Metallic elements in hydatid fluid. PMID- 6520379 TI - Indiana's craniofacial anomalies team. Special care at the James Whitcomb Riley Hospital for Children. PMID- 6520380 TI - Clinico-pathologic conference: a 71-year-old woman with sudden onset dyspnea. PMID- 6520381 TI - Acute tubular necrosis and minimal-change glomerulopathy associated with fenoprofen therapy. PMID- 6520383 TI - Who should go to medical school? PMID- 6520382 TI - Prescription fluoride: an update for Indiana physicians. PMID- 6520384 TI - Marketing uses of public relations. PMID- 6520385 TI - Changing homophobic attitudes through college sexuality education. AB - It was hypothesized that a unit on homosexuality (which emphasized role playing and the debunking of myths) in an undergraduate college sexuality course would alter students' homophobic attitudes. A modified version of the Hudson/Ricketts Index of Homophobia was used to measure homophobia. At the completion of the course, for those students in the treatment group with pretest scores above the median, the homophobic scores decreased significantly when compared to the scores of control counterparts. The results of this study also showed that there was no significant difference in homophobia scores at the end of the course for those students in the treatment group with pretest scores below the median when compared to the appropriate controls. PMID- 6520386 TI - Homosexual men and women who served their country. AB - The present work examines the effectiveness of United States military policies in excluding homosexual men and women from the armed forces by comparing percentages of homosexuals who have served in the armed forces with matched samples of heterosexuals. Interview data on 1,456 respondents from 1969 and 1970 are reported. The data show that homosexual and heterosexual men seem equally likely to have served in the military, while lesbians were more likely than heterosexual women to have served. The data also indicate that the policies of excluding homosexuals from the services are ineffective. The explanation for this may be that many homosexuals may not be aware of their homosexuality at time of entry into the service, and, hence, cannot readily be identified either by themselves or others. It is also suggested that certain draft criteria have in fact increased the percentages of homosexuals serving in the military. PMID- 6520387 TI - Misconceptions of homophobia. AB - Recent studies and analyses of social reactions to homosexuality are examined with the goal of linking them to general theories of deviance in the mainstream of sociology and social psychology. Homosexuality as an attitudinal object is classified as person, trait, and characteristic of collectivities and culture. The assumption of homosexuality as a "master status trait" is questioned. Foci of investigation are categorized as cognitive stereotypes, perceptions of threat to others and to valued aspects of society and culture, and the management of homosexuality. Ego-alien and phobic responses are distinguished. General problems of attitudinal research in the field are identified; chiefly, the overemphasis of cognitive elements and the neglect of affective and behavioral elements. The potential of this imbalance for the reification of homophobia among subjects and for the general public is noted. Other problems include the confounding of cognitive and affective dimensions and the assumption of stability of attitudes in different social settings. The need for concrete observations of responses to homosexuality in varying social settings and for the study of various types and phases of the disclosure process is specified. We call for grounded empirical observations of reactions to homosexuality within a model of the "social construction of reality" in order to place such studies within the mainstream of sociology and social psychology. PMID- 6520388 TI - Attitudes toward lesbians and gay men: a factor-analytic study. AB - This paper reports a series of factor analyses of responses to attitude statements about lesbians and gay men. Using a common factor model with oblique rotation, a bipolar "Condemnation-Tolerance" factor was observed repeatedly in four separate samples of undergraduates. The factor accounts for 35-45% of the total common variance in responses, and is similar for male and female respondents and for questionnaires concerning both lesbians and gay men. A "Beliefs" factor accounts for another 5% of the total variance. It is argued that scales assessing attitudes toward lesbians and gay men should restrict their content to items loading highly on the Condemnation-Tolerance factor. PMID- 6520389 TI - Fear of male homosexuality: cardiac responses of low and high homonegative males. AB - Males with high negative attitudes toward male homosexuality are often referred to in research as homophobics, yet it is unknown whether high homonegative males actually exhibit physiological responses characteristic of phobics. In a series of studies, heart rate was monitored in males with high or low negative attitudes toward male homosexuality as they viewed slides of landscapes and slides depicting explicit sexual activity. If high homonegativity is equivalent to homophobia, high homonegative males should exhibit heart rate acceleration to slides of male-male sexual activity, but, like low homonegative males, deceleration to all other slide types. Significant group effects were obtained only in the pilot study. Examination of individual response patterns in the pilot study and the two subsequent studies showed that high homonegative attitudes were necessary but not sufficient for heart rate acceleration to male-male slides. Results confirm the existence of the phobic type of heart rate acceleratory pattern among some, but not all, high homonegative males. PMID- 6520390 TI - The relationship of self-reported sex-role characteristics and attitudes toward homosexuality. AB - The present study investigated the relationship between self-reported sex-role characteristics and attitudes toward homosexuality using the Bem Sex Role Inventory, the Personal Attributes Questionnaire and the Attitudes toward Homosexuality Scale. Relationships occur for both males and females who are exhibiting greater amounts of cross-sex traits. Females with more instrumental characteristics were more accepting while males with more expressive characteristics were more rejecting. These findings are discussed in relation to those of Weinberger and Millham (1979) who also investigated this relationship, as well as to research investigating the relationship between attitudes toward homosexuality and attitudes toward sex roles and feminism. PMID- 6520391 TI - The relationships among sexual beliefs, attitudes, experience, and homophobia. AB - Male and female subjects were given a series of questionnaires to assess their attitudes, behaviors, and experiences in relation to homosexuality. The findings indicated the presence of two systems, one dealing with affective orientation and the other with general beliefs (learned problem or physiological problem) about the origins of homosexuality. It was found that the greatest dislike toward homosexuals existed in those subjects who responded with negative affect and believed that homosexuality was a learned problem. Avoidance of social situations where homosexuals are present was evidenced in subjects who responded with negative affect and believed homosexuality was due to genetic factors. PMID- 6520392 TI - Coping with cancer among holocaust survivors in Israel: an exploratory study. AB - The psychosocial coping potential of Israeli cancer patients who are concentration camp survivors was found to be consistently lower than that of similar cancer patients without camp experience. "The survivor's syndrome" is referred to as explaining the lower coping levels of patients for whom cancer diagnosis reactivates past traumas. The need for early identification and treatment of these highly vulnerable patients is emphasized. PMID- 6520393 TI - Imminent myocardial infarction: a psychological study. AB - Unstable angina pectoris and feelings of fatigue and general malaise are often mentioned as premonitory symptoms of myocardial infarction. From a psychological point of view these feelings of fatigue and malaise reflect a syndrome of vital exhaustion and depression (VED). A questionnaire which measures this syndrome was given to 3,571 males who participated in a voluntary health check up. It was found that the prevalence of "imminent myocardial infarction," defined as unstable angina pectoris plus electrocardiographic signs of ischaemia, was more than four times higher among exhausted and depressive persons, than among persons not so affected. PMID- 6520394 TI - Stressful life events and drug use among adolescents. AB - The authors investigated the hypothesis that increased amounts of stress during and/or prior to adolescence would be associated with elevated use or abuse of drug substances by adolescents. Through the study the authors also provided further information regarding the usefulness of various techniques of life event surveying in the measurement of presumptive stress among adolescents. Using a multivariate analysis of the data, a number of conclusions were drawn with the overall conclusion that increased life stress levels are significantly associated with elevated drug use. PMID- 6520395 TI - Coping with abortion. AB - This study evaluated individual differences in coping style in response to an abortion procedure. The 55 subjects displayed a wide range of responses, although the average level of distress was fairly high. These women were quite similar to other stressed populations in their response to the Impact of Event Scale, providing evidence for a generalized stress response syndrome. When divided into groups based on coping style, "avoiders" were found to experience more distress that "nonavoiders," and "approachers" decreased in distress over time while "nonapproachers" did not. The implications of these findings are discussed in the context of the interaction between coping styles and counseling strategies. PMID- 6520396 TI - Personality and self-motivation during biochemical fatigue. AB - The present study was conducted to determine whether females exhibiting the Type A behavior pattern would exert greater effort and work to higher levels of physiological fatigue in a self-motivated ergometer test. Twenty female subjects, half of them Type A and the other half Type B, were administered an incremental ergometer test to determine their peak oxygen consumption value. On the first experimental session no experimenter encouragement was given to the subjects. Consequently the test measured physical motivation levels. During a second laboratory session, each subject was continuously encouraged by the experimenter to maintain exercising until she was truly incapable of further work. The highest rate of oxygen extraction during this latter session was considered the subject's maximum oxygen consumption (i.e., VO2 max). Type A and B subjects were compared in the nonmotivated testing session (experimental session 1) to their "true" individual capacities (maximum oxygen consumption demonstrated in experimental session 2). ANOVAs indicated no significant differences in self-initiated competitive behavior during a physical stressor. PMID- 6520397 TI - H-Y typing in the ELISA. AB - In a series of quantitative absorptions, biotin-conjugated monoclonal H-Y antibody was reacted with a plated source of H-Y antigen in the ELISA. H-Y was demonstrated in testis supernatant fluid of the mouse in this system, and in cells from males of the mouse, bovine and human and females of the chicken, thereby confirming its evolutionary persistence, and underscoring its presumptive role in the primary determination of vertebrate sex. PMID- 6520398 TI - Radioimmunoassay of 5-methyl-2'-deoxycytidine. A method for the quantitation of DNA methylation. AB - 5-Methyl-2'-deoxycytidine (5MedCyd) is a minor constituent of mammalian cell DNA. We report the production and characterization of highly specific rabbit anti 5MedCyd antiserum. The antiserum was suitable for the radioimmunological measurement of 5MedCyd. This simple radioimmunoassay was capable of quantitating calf thymus DNA methylation at nanomolar levels of total DNA. PMID- 6520399 TI - Binding of immune complexes to IgA-sepharose 4B. AB - A method for the determination and removal of circulating immune complexes in pathological sera was developed using human secretory or dimeric myeloma IgA covalently bound to Sepharose 4B. IgA-Sepharose 4B was able to selectively bind heat or antigen-aggregated human IgG (circulating immune complexes) but not monomeric IgG. The absorbent was also able to remove a very high proportion (95%) of circulating immune complexes from pathological sera as determined by a turbidimetric technique. An immunoradiometric assay for the direct measurement of circulating immune complexes is described. The assay uses IgA-Sepharose 4B as an absorbent (for the binding of IgG immune complexes from sera) and 125I-rabbit anti-IgG antibody (for the quantitation of IgG immune complexes bound to IgA Sepharose 4B). The mean value obtained for pathological sera (27.1 +/- 0.9) was significantly higher than that of normal sera (4.8 +/- 0.5). PMID- 6520400 TI - Appearance of covalently bound antigen in immune complexes formed during the activation of complement. AB - The effects of complement activation on the antigenic component of immune complexes have been studied, using 125I-BSA-rabbit anti-BSA-IgG complexes as models. Polyethylene glycol precipitates of 4 types of IC (those formed in native normal human serum, or NHS-containing EDTA, NHS-EDTA, and preformed soluble IC incubated in NHS or NHS-EDTA immediately after preparation) were analysed by sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide slab gel electrophoresis. A characteristic difference in the distribution of 125I-BSA in the gel was observed between the NHS- and NHS-EDTA-treated samples. With the former type of IC, a significant part (16-23%) of the label was found in gel fractions of mol. wt. exceeding that of the antigen (80-300 kDa vs. 69 kDa), whereas with NHS-EDTA-treated IC only a minimal amount (4-5%) of the radioactivity was detected in these fractions. These findings indicate that complement activation results in the covalent binding of complement to the antigenic component of IC. The practical importance of these observations is discussed. In addition, a marked difference in precipitability was observed between IC formed in NHS and preformed IC incubated in NHS. PMID- 6520401 TI - Development of a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for Escherichia coli heat-stable enterotoxin (STa). AB - A sensitive competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed to detect the low molecular weight heat-stable enterotoxin (STa) in culture supernatant fluids of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC). Competitive inhibition was observed between STa in solution and a glutaraldehyde-coupled STa human serum albumin (HSA) conjugate bound to microtiter wells when antiserum raised against a glutaraldehyde-coupled STa-bovine serum albumin (BSA) conjugate was used as detecting antibody. No competition was observed with conjugates prepared using 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide or dimethyl suberimidate and antisera raised against each conjugate. A biotin/avidin system increased the sensitivity of the assay such that 133 pg/ml of purified STa can be detected in less than 4 h. The assay was used to detect and quantify STa in culture supernatant fluids from human, porcine, and bovine ETEC isolates. No cross-reactivity was observed with the heat-labile enterotoxin (LT) or the form of ST with biological activity only in piglets (STb). Results from the quantitative STa ELISA showed good correlation (0.87) with the suckling mouse bioassay and a previously described radioimmunoassay. The quantitative assay was modified to reduce the total incubation time to less than 2 h. The qualitative STa ELISA provides a rapid and sensitive assay for clinical isolates of ETEC and should facilitate epidemiological studies on the incidence of STa-producing ETEC. PMID- 6520402 TI - Enhancement of limiting dilution in cloning mouse myeloma-spleen hybridomas by human low density lipoproteins. AB - The limiting dilution technique is a critical step in the cloning of hybridomas for the preparation of monoclonal antibodies. We have found that culture medium supplemented with human plasma low density lipoproteins (LDL) markedly enhanced the yield of hybridoma clones derived from P3 X 63 Ag or FO mouse myeloma cell lines upon limiting dilution. Such enhancement was dependent on the concentration of LDL employed, being optimal at 1-10 micrograms/ml. At LDL concentrations greater than 20 micrograms/ml, the increase in yield of hybrid clones was not significant. The mechanism by which LDL enhances the yield of hybrid clones was partially elucidated by the demonstration that LDL could increase the DNA synthesis of hybridomas as assessed by [3H]thymidine incorporation. The data suggest that LDL play a role in the proliferation of hybridomas. It also indicates that LDL can be utilized for limiting dilution to increase the yield of desired clones. Since LDL is one of the most abundant lipoprotein fractions (approximately 500 micrograms/ml) in human plasma and the isolation procedure is simple, hybridoma culture medium supplemented with human LDL will prove to be a valuable reagent for investigators currently employing monoclonal antibody technology. PMID- 6520403 TI - Effects of different protein supplements on mitogen responses of human peripheral blood lymphocytes. AB - We evaluated the effects of 6 supplements often used in human lymphocyte cultures, including fetal calf serum, autologous human serum, pooled human AB serum, hypogammaglobulinemic human serum, bovine serum albumin and human serum albumin. Lymphocyte proliferation of unstimulated and mitogen activated peripheral blood mononuclear cells was measured by [3H]thymidine incorporation. The response of cells stimulated with the T-cell mitogen phytohemagglutinin-P were significantly lower when cultured in bovine serum albumin supplemented media, but were otherwise not supplement dependent. In contrast, responses of cells stimulated with the B-cell mitogens Cowan I strain of S. aureus and antisera against the mu or delta chain of human immunoglobulin were significantly effected by supplement. Cultures containing fetal calf serum and bovine serum albumin had high background responses without a proportional rise in cellular proliferation when B-lymphocyte-specific mitogens were utilized. Autologous human serum and pooled human AB serum contained immunoglobulin which interacted with each of the B cell mitogens, thus limiting their usefulness as in vitro supplements. Cells grown in human serum albumin supplemented media had minimal background and high stimulated responses to B-cell mitogens. These results indicate that human serum albumin is an optimal supplement for in vitro human lymphocyte proliferative assays since it supports high stimulated cell responses with low background activity, is devoid of immunoglobulin and had minimal variability among lots. PMID- 6520404 TI - Development of the skin prick test for allergen assay. AB - The allergen skin prick test has been optimised for allergen assay for both D. pteronyssinus and grass pollen extracts. The use of an iterative algorithm to select the linear portion of the transformed dose response curve gave an assay that was stable to changes both in the composition of the panels of atopic subjects and in the time intervals between challenge and response measurement. The coefficient of variation of the assay was 18%. The overall robustness of the assay was shown by an isothermal stability trial in which glycerinated D. pteronyssinus remained comparable with a freeze-dried reference preparation at 5 and 20 degrees C for 3 years. A comparison was also made between the first International Reference Preparation to D. pteronyssinus and 'in house' reference preparations. The skin prick test is thus a valuable bioassay for allergen measurement and can provide a reference assay for the calibration of alternative in vitro assays. PMID- 6520405 TI - Association between leprosy and immunoglobulin allotypes: Gm-A2m and Km frequencies in Vietnamese. AB - The relationship between immunoglobulin allotypes and leprosy was studied in 91 unrelated patients and 100 healthy controls from Vietnam. Twenty Vietnamese patients with tuberculosis were also typed for the Gm, A2m and Km allotypes. The results were compared with those from the healthy controls. No significant association was found for the allotypes G1m(z,a,x,f) G2m(n), G3m(g,b), A2m(1,2) and Km(1,3) between the two groups of patients and the controls. Heterogeneity in the distribution of G2m(n), G3m(b), A2m(2) and Km(3) was found when 60 polar lepromatous (LL) patients and 27 borderline-tuberculoid (BT) patients were separated out of the 91 leprosy patients. In the LL patients there appeared to be a significantly higher frequency of G2m(n), G3m(b) and A2m(2) in comparison with the BT patients (P less than 0.05). A significantly lower frequency of Km(3) was found in the LL patients in comparison with the healthy control group (P less than 0.05). The frequencies of the Gm-A2m haplotypes and of the occurrence of the Km(1) and Km(3) in the Vietnamese population were calculated on the basis of the results in the 100 samples of healthy controls. The main haplotype is Gmaf;n;b (frequency 0.676), occurring with A2m1 (0.200), as well as with A2m2 (0.476). PMID- 6520406 TI - Interactive effect of genes associated with immunoglobulin allotypes and HLA specificities on susceptibility to Haemophilus influenzae disease. AB - Genes associated with immunoglobulin (Ig) allotype determinants are important in regulation of immune responses to bacterial polysaccharides. Furthermore, loci associated with Ig allotypes have been reported to interact with those associated with the major histocompatibility complex and affect susceptibility to certain diseases. In the present study we determined the frequencies of certain Gm phenotypes in patients with Haemophilus meningitis or epiglottitis and in controls. HLA-A, -B and -DR specificities had previously been determined in the majority of these subjects. Although no Ig phenotype was associated with increased or decreased relative risk of disease, the frequencies of several combinations of HLA specificities and Ig phenotypes were significantly different from those of controls. Thus, for subjects with the Gm phenotype (1, 3, 17; 23; 5, 13, 21), the risk of Haemophilus meningitis or epiglottitis was lower in individuals with HLA-B5 than in those without this specificity (odds ratio less than 0.1, P less than 0.004). In contrast, for subjects with the closely related Gm phenotype differing only by the absence of Gm(23), (1, 3, 17; ; 5, 13, 21), the risk of disease was higher in those with HLA-DR3 than in individuals who lacked DR3 (odds ratio = 11.0, P = 0.02). Although the present data require confirmation in an independent sample, they suggest that complex interactions between genes at two independent loci controlling HLA and Ig allotypes, respectively, may affect susceptibility to Haemophilus disease. PMID- 6520408 TI - [Simultaneous urethrocystometry and hyperactive bladders: differential diagnosis and types of dyssynergia]. AB - The authors reviewed the simultaneous urethrocystometry (SUCM) of 96 hyperactive bladders subclassified into 4 groups (pure detrusor instability, mixed instability, suprasacral spinal lesion, and CNS lesion) and compared the frequency of various urethral parameters. The absence of urethral relaxation before or during the augmentation of the detrusor pressure is the most specific sign of suprasacral spinal lesions. It constitutes what we call passive or tonic dyssynergia. When, in the beginning of SUCM, the maximal closure pressure is greater than or equal to 30 cm H20, or when a sphincteric contraction is associated with, either before ("kick") or during (active or clonic dyssynergia) the detrusor contraction, this urethral non relaxation is pathognomonic of such a spinal lesion. A "kick" is also specific of hyperreflexia but is less constant. On the contrary, in this series and with this technic, an active dyssynergia has no etiological significance; it' only reflects the degree of the vesicosphincteric imbalance. PMID- 6520407 TI - Allogeneic reactivity in normal mouse serum. AB - Normal C57BL/6 (B6) mouse serum was tested in the direct cytotoxicity assay for specific reactivity against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated mouse spleen cells. Selective reactivity was found in weanling and adult serum against lymphoblasts from mice that express an antigen encoded by the H-2Kk region of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC). Other strains, congenic with B6 at the MHC, did not exhibit the same alloreactivity. Serum from mice of a congenic strain being derived in our laboratory, which differs from B6 at two unlinked loci, Tla and nu, exhibited similar reactivity against the B6-H-2k LPS-stimulated lymphoblasts, implying that a competent T cell compartment is not necessary for generation of this reactivity. Such reactivities may result from environmental stimulation of the immune system, from internal immunoregulatory controls, or from some combination of these immune stimuli. PMID- 6520410 TI - Endoscopy of the ruptured urethra. PMID- 6520411 TI - [Preoperative x-ray computed tomography in cancer of the kidney]. AB - The authors emphasise the importance of computed tomography in the detection, diagnosis and pre-treatment staging of cancer of the kidney. In a series of 82 cases, the diagnosis was made on the basis of ultrasonography combined with computed tomography in 55% of their last 44 cases. They stress the decreasing value of intravenous urography, which was used to detect the lesion in 68% of their first 38 patients and which was used in only 41% of the last 44 cases. Computed tomography is an essential step in the pre-treatment staging of cancer of the kidney. The real local extension of the tumour was correctly diagnosed by the CT scan in 79% of cases. Under-estimation of the degree of invasion of adjacent organs was observed in 3 cases and multiple tumours in the one kidney were misdiagnosed in one case (4 errors: 5%). Over-estimation was more common, affecting 13 out of 82 cases (16%). The CT scan was found to be reliable in the detection of lymph node invasion in 62 cases (76%) and inaccurate in 24% of cases (14 over-estimations (17% of cases) and 6 under-estimations (7%]. There is therefore an excessively high false positive rate in the detection of lymph node involvement. The CT scan is not reliable in this area. Staging of venous involvement was correct in 68% of cases. Three of the 17 cases of venous invasion were recognised by the CT scan. Overall, a large lymph node on the CT scan does not signify a neoplastic node and a normal-sized node does not signify a disease free node.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6520412 TI - Impacted membranous urethral calculus. PMID- 6520409 TI - [Urethral instability: diagnosis and clinical significance]. AB - Simultaneous urethrocystometry, the advantages of which are outlined, enabled us to diagnose 27 cases of pure urethral instability (male and female) and 16 cases of mixed instability (urethral and bladder instability). We analysed the relationship between the main symptom, this urethral dysfunction and the competence of the bladder neck. Definition, characteristics and frequency of urethral instability are discussed. It is responsible of: frequency or urgency, in the absence of bladder instability, when the bladder neck is closed, intermittent sphincteric incontinence, in the presence of a normal closure pressure on the urethral pressure profile, when the bladder neck is incompetent, enuresis, particularly in case of stable bladder; a new treatment is proposed for this entity. The clinical interest of this diagnosis is stressed in these three situations. PMID- 6520413 TI - [Bladder biopsy in the diagnosis of urogenital tuberculosis]. AB - The authors report 5 cases of urogenital tuberculosis where examination of the urine failed to reveal any B.K. The diagnosis was suggested by the history of tuberculosis and the radiological appearance by intravenous pyelography. However, it was not possible to start an antituberculosis therapy in the absence of bacteriological proof. Forceps biopsy for histological examination provides an additional argument: the highly typical tuberculosis granuloma. PMID- 6520414 TI - [Urothelial cancers from Endoxan]. AB - A case of carcinoma of the bladder in a patient treated for 20 years with Endoxan is reported. The role of this drug in the aetiology of an urothelial carcinoma was appeared to be demonstrated by the 35 published cases in the literature and should lead to a limitation of its prescription and to regulate urological surveillance of patients receiving the agent. PMID- 6520415 TI - [Spinal anesthesia with bupivacaine in lower urologic surgery. Our experience apropos of 500 cases]. AB - Rachianesthesia was used for 500 lower urinary tract operations, including 50 repeat procedures, the anesthetic employed being bupivacaine. Patients were frequently hypertensive and presented cardiopathies, usually ischemic in origin. The surgical procedure generally involved transurethral prostate resection for adenoma or carcinoma, or endoscopic resection of a bladder tumor, and all patients received preventive heparin therapy using Kakkar's method. Induction of anesthesia occurs between 30 seconds and one minute after completing the injection a procedure lasting 2 to 5 minutes. Full anesthesia is obtained after 2 to 3 minutes, and is maintained during the mean operation period of 69 +/- 32 minutes by regular intraspinal injections of anesthetic. Results were perfect in 425 cases, 48 patients required additional sedatives, 23 a potent analgesic and 4 a general anesthetic after an operating time extending beyond 100 minutes heart rate remained fairly regular while diminishing slightly in frequency (an average of 4 beats/min). The fall in blood pressure was globally moderate (296 patients) and was unaltered in 204 cases. Hemodynamic modifications lasted for 3 a 4 minutes only and were corrected by appropriate therapy. Postoperative complications were mainly of the headache type (26 cases: 5%), but three patients developed angina from a coronary ischemic accident. Myocardial infarction was not observed, and no particularly incidents were reported in the 32 patients requiring repeat rachianesthesia. The simple execution and efficacy of this mode of anesthesia is emphasized, an additional need for general anesthesia being a rare event. The compound is well tolerated, hemodynamic modifications are moderate and neurological sequelae lacking. Rachianesthesia with bupivacaine appears to be among the methods of choice for lower urinary tract surgery. PMID- 6520416 TI - [Radioisotopes in the exploration of upper urinary tract obstruction]. AB - The authors describe the various possibilities offered by isotope studies in cases of obstruction of the upper urinary tract. This examination allows: -- exploration of the dilatation itself, -- and isotope study of renal function. The dilatation can be explored either by means of the nephrogram with hyperdiuresis or by measurement of the renal transit time. The nephrogram with hyperdiuresis will give a precise answer: definite obstruction or no obstruction. Intermediate forms are possible, in which a mathematical interpretation of the curves of decay of the renal radioactivity will help distinguish between hypotonia without obstruction and true obstruction with dilatation. A marked decrease in renal function or severe vesico-renal reflux can interfere with the interpretation of these curves. Measurement of the renal transit time with the mathematical calculation of deconvolution is a valuable application of isotopes, but it is less practical than the nephrogram with hyperdiuresis. The isotope study of renal function is a promising technique, as it is able to study the global clearance without the need for blood tests (this is true for both the glomerular filtration rate and for the measurement of renal blood flow). Furthermore, this technique should allow each kidney to be studied separately. Separate measurements do not provide an absolute value for each kidney, but evaluate the part played by each kidney in the global renal function, which can be measured simply by means of the isotope study.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6520417 TI - [Factors influencing the development of low output state in patients with right ventricular infarction]. AB - Right ventricular infarction is frequently accompanied by a low output state, but the factors influencing the development of this state remain unknown. To elucidate these factors, clinical findings, hemodynamic findings and left ventricular infarct size (T1-score) calculated from thallium-201 myocardial scintigrams by a circumferential profile method were evaluated in 147 consecutive patients with acute transmural inferior myocardial infarction. They were divided into two groups: 44 patients with right ventricular involvement (RVI group) and 103 patients without right ventricular involvement (IMI group). A low cardiac output state was defined when the cardiac index was less than 2.2 L/min/M2. There was a good correlation between T1-score and any of peak value of serum creatine phosphokinase (CPKmax), total released CPK (CPKr) and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) (r = 0.66, 0.74 and -0.54, respectively), indicating the usefulness of T1-score as an index of left ventricular damage. Compared to the IMI group, the RVI group showed a higher average of age (p less than 0.01), lower systemic blood pressure (p less than 0.01), higher right atrial pressure (p less than 0.001) and lower cardiac index (p less than 0.01). Furthermore, the incidence of a low output state (RVI group : 47.7% vs IMI group : 14.6%, p less than 0.001) and mortality (25.0% vs 7.8%, p less than 0.01) were higher in the RVI group. However, CPKmax, CPKr, LVEF and T1-score, which were considered to reflect the severity of left ventricular damage, were not different between the two groups. T1-score was inversely correlated with cardiac index in the RVI group (r = -0.49, p less than 0.05), and with left ventricular stroke work index in the both groups (RVI group; r = -0.46, p less than 0.01, IMI group; r = -0.64, p less than 0.01). Additionally, age as well as heart rate was correlated significantly with cardiac index (r = -0.45, p less than 0.001 and r = 0.35, p less than 0.001, respectively), and the percentage of elderly patients (age greater than 60 years) and the incidence of bradycardia (heart rate less than 60/min) were both higher in the RVI group than the IMI group (either p less than 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6520419 TI - [Evaluation of right ventricular wall contractility in ischemic heart disease by cardiac computed tomography]. AB - One hundred and eight cases with ischemic heart disease except for acute myocardial infarction were examined by cardiac computed tomography with ECG-gated scanning. The right ventricular (RV) wall contractility was evaluated by the long axial and short-axial CT images in terms of (a) contraction rate of the RV area, (b) shortening rate of the RV free wall and (c) changes in the thickness of the RV free wall in cardiac cycle. These parameters were compared to the findings of coronary angiography and left ventriculography. 1. There was no difference of the contraction rate of the RV area between the cases with severe (90-100%) right coronary (RCA) stenosis and those with mild (0-75%) stenosis, while the contraction rate of the RV area was markedly decreased in the former combined with the impaired contraction of the ventricular septum. Consequently, it was assumed that RV function is hardly damaged by RCA lesion alone, and that the contraction rate of the RV area is not a suitable parameter for the assessment of the severity of RCA stenosis. 2. The shortening rate of the RV free wall in the long-axial image in cases with severe RCA stenosis was significantly decreased (14.5 +/- 4.6%) compared with that of mild stenosis (27.8 +/- 5.0%). The changes in the thickness of the RV free wall were also impaired in severe RCA stenosis. Same tendency was observed in the short-axial image, while the correlation between RCA stenosis and impaired contraction of the RV free wall was much more evident in the long-axis image than in the short-axis image. As the result, reduced RV contraction due to RCA ischemia seems to exist not only in acute myocardial infarction but also in chronic stage of the ischemic heart. 3. CT method is suitable for the evaluation of RV ischemia due to RCA lesion because the contractility of the RV free wall can be assessed independently of ventricular septal contraction. In cases with reduction of the free wall shortening rate under 20% combined with poor change in the thickness of the RV free wall, severe stenosis of the RCA should be suspected. PMID- 6520418 TI - [Mechanism of an early diastolic posterior motion of the interventricular septum in patients with mitral stenosis: with special reference to left ventricular inflow velocity pattern]. AB - The mechanism of an early diastolic posterior motion of the interventricular septum (IVS) was investigated by means of M-mode, two-dimensional and pulsed Doppler echocardiographies in 53 patients with pure mitral stenosis (MS). Velocity patterns of the blood flow at the inflow tract of the left ventricle (LVIT) were classified into three types as previously reported (cf. Fig.3). The results obtained were as follows: The mitral valve orifice area (MVA) was significantly smaller in patients with type III of the LVIT flow velocity pattern than in patients with type I (p less than 0.001). An amplitude ("a") of the posterior IVS motion in systole (P1) was significantly diminished in type III (4.2 +/- 1.1 mm) than in type I (6.6 +/- 1.5 mm) (p less than 0.001). An amplitude ("b") of the posterior IVS motion in early diastole (P3) showed a significant increase in type III (7.5 +/- 1.2 mm) than in type I (5.2 +/- 1.5 mm) (p less than 0.001). Difference of the amplitude between P1 and P3 ("a-b") was significantly greater in type III (-3.4 +/- 1.1 mm) than in type I (1.4 +/- 0.9 mm) (p less than 0.0001). MVA was correlated statistically with "a" (r = 0.58, p less than 0.001), "b" (r = -0.38, p less than 0.01) and "a-b" (r = 0.80, p less than 0.0001). Deformity of the left ventricular cavity due to the flattened IVS in early diastole was observed in severe MS with an augmented septal P3 dip. A case of severe MS with type III velocity pattern and an augmented P3 dip showed type II velocity pattern and a decreased P3 dip after the attack of acute myocardial infarction. These findings suggested a close relationship between type III of the LVIT flow velocity pattern and the prominent septal P3 dip. The importance of diastolic suction of the left ventricle in producing an early diastolic posterior motion of IVS (P3) was discussed. PMID- 6520420 TI - [Problems in estimating the severity of aortic regurgitation by pulsed Doppler echocardiography: with special reference to its distribution pattern]. AB - We categorized the findings of aortic regurgitation (AR) by aortography (AOG) into the following four types, and compared them with the corresponding findings obtained by pulsed Doppler echocardiography (PDE) in 30 patients, and assessed the ability of PDE to observe the distribution of an aortic regurgitant flow. Type 1: A wide regurgitant jet distributed within the entire left ventricle (5 cases). Type 2: A narrow regurgitant jet passing through the center of the left ventricular outflow tract (9 cases). Type 3: A regurgitant jet with the shift of its direction to the either side (10 cases). Type 4: A regurgitant jet which is localized below the aortic valve (6 cases). AOG findings in 40% of Type 1 cases, 78% of Type 2, 80% of Type 3 and 67% of Type 4 were well consistent with those of PDE (an average of 70%). Therefore, we could predict the distribution of AR by PDE, although a correlation between both methods was not complete. The reasons of the inconsistence of these two methods were discussed. PDE is an possible method for evaluating the severity of AR. PMID- 6520421 TI - [Detection of a shunt flow through a defect in secundum atrial septal defect by right parasternal approach using pulsed Doppler echocardiography]. AB - Pulsed Doppler echocardiography combined with two-dimensional echocardiographic (2-DE) system was performed to detect a shunt flow through a defect in the interatrial septum (IAS) in patients with secundum atrial septal defect (ASD) utilizing right parasternal approach (RPA). RPA is a method which provides an accurate evaluation of a defect in the IAS on a 2-DE image by placing a transducer on the right of the sternum because the ultrasonic beam passes in a plane almost perpendicular to the IAS. The subjects consisted of 20 patients with ASD (25 +/- 22 yrs) diagnosed by cardiac catheterization or 2-DE with peripheral contrast material injection, and 10 cases of healthy subjects (34 +/- 18 yrs). Defects in the IAS were clearly visible in 19 patients with ASD on 2-DE images by RPA. By placing the sample volume in the center of the defect, Doppler flows could be obtained in 17 of them. In 13 with sinus rhythm, except a case of Eisenmenger syndrome, Doppler signals showed mainly a laminar flow toward the transducer (positive flow), but a transient flow of low velocity away from the transducer (negative flow) was also observed. The positive flow had its peaks in late systole and atrial systole and occasionally in mid-systole, early diastole and mid-diastole. The negative flow occurred in early systole, mid-diastole and late diastole. In a patient with Eisenmenger syndrome and tricuspid regurgitation (TR), a negative turbulent flow was observed from early systole to mid-diastole. In three patients with atrial fibrillation, Doppler signals were variable. The Doppler echogram of a patient with atrial fibrillation but no complication showed a laminar positive flow with its peaks in late systole and mid-diastole, and a negative flow in early systole. One patient with atrial fibrillation and TR had a systolic negative turbulent flow and a mid-diastolic laminar positive flow. In a patient with TR and mitral regurgitation, the Doppler echocardiogram showed a laminar positive flow throughout the entire cardiac cycle with its peaks in early diastole and mid-diastole. Doppler signals from the left atrium (LA) to the right atrium (RA) through a defect coincided in timing with the appearance of negative contrast echo from the defect to the RA on 2-DE image and signals from the RA to the LA coincided with the appearance of the contrast echo into the LA from the RA through the defect. Doppler signals disappeared after the closure of the defect in all six patients examined.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6520422 TI - [Noninvasive determination of the ratio of pulmonary to systemic blood flow with two-dimensional Doppler echocardiography: efficacy and limitation]. AB - Noninvasive determination of the ratio of the pulmonary to systemic blood flow (Qp/Qs) was attempted in 31 cases with intracardiac shunt using two-dimensional pulsed Doppler echocardiography. The Qp/Qs of these cases was ranged from 0.99 to 4.55 with an average of 2.63 by cardiac catheterization. Technical problems in the measurement were also studied. Seventeen cases with no shunt were served as controls. Systemic and pulmonary flow volumes, Qp and Qs (ml/min), were calculated by the following equation: Q (ml/min) = mean flow velocity (cm/sec) X cross sectional area of the semilunar valve ring (cm2) X 60 Here, the sample volume was set in the center of the valve ring at the phase when the flow velocity attained its peak in a pulse period. The mean velocity was obtained by dividing the integration of instantaneous mean frequency in the sample volume for a pulse period by RR interval. The ultrasonic incident angle was measured on the echocardiogram. The velocity profile at the valve ring was assumed to be a plane wave. The diameter (D) of the valve ring was measured on the echocardiograms of the long-axis view of the outflow tract. To make a correction referring to the value obtained by angiocardiography, 0.22 cm was added to the value obtained on the echocardiogram (D). The cross sectional area of the valve ring was calculated according to the following formula: Cross sectional area (cm2) = pi X [(D + 0.22/2)]2 The Qp/Qs ratio by the Doppler method in the cases with no intracardiac shunt was 1.11 (S.D. = 0.21) on an average and the Qp/Qs in the cases with an intracardiac shunt was well correlated with that by catheterization (r = 0.82). These results suggested the feasibility of the clinical application of the Doppler method for noninvasive determination of Qp/Qs. In 17 cases, pulmonary and systemic flow volumes measured by the direct Fick method were compared with those by the Doppler method, respectively. Considerable differences were observed between them. There was a tendency that both pulmonary and systemic flow volumes were under-estimated by the Doppler method in cases with a large shunt.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6520423 TI - [The clinical significance of an oscillating flap in the acute stage of dissecting aneurysm: report of three cases]. AB - The important two-dimensional echocardiographic finding of dissecting aneurysm in the acute stage is characterized by the presence of an oscillating intimal flap which is thought to be of highly diagnostic value. This report describes about three cases with dissecting aneurysm in which an oscillating flap was transiently observed. In Case 1 (62-year-old female), an oscillating flap observed in the aortic arch seven hours after the onset was not detected three days later. A flap in Case 2 (65-year-old male) which had been present in the descending aorta three hours after the onset of illness disappeared two days later. In Case 3 (55-year old male), only an intimal flap without fine oscillation was demonstrated in the abdominal aorta by echocardiography performed three days after the onset of illness. In the acute phase of dissection, the echocardiographic detection of an oscillating flap seems to depend on the time of the study after the attack. PMID- 6520424 TI - [Two cases of malignant cardiac tumors attached on the anterior mitral valve]. AB - Two cases were reported in which malignant cardiac tumors attached to the mitral valve were diagnosed during their lifetimes using two-dimensional echocardiography. Case 1 was a 29-year-old man with speech disturbance and left hemiparesis. Histological examination of the specimen excised from the cardiac tumor during the operation revealed mesenchymal chondrosarcoma, which is extremely rare etiologically and has never been reported so far. Case 2 was a 62 year-old woman complaining of paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea and chest pain. The diagnosis of malignant histiocytosis was made from the pathological examination of biopsy specimen taken from the rib metastasis. Using two-dimensional echocardiography, characteristic findings for the cardiac tumor were obtained. The tumor echo in Case 1 showed, unlike to that reported for myxoma, two different echogenic layers; the outer dense and the inner light in the echo density. On surgery, tumor echo was revealed to reflect the cystic lesion. In Case 2, two-dimensional echocardiography on admission revealed two separate tumor echoes which attached to the mitral valve and left atrial wall region, respectively. Within two months, they grew rapidly and finally fused into one mass resulting in so-called ball valve syndrome. Phonocardiographically, the tumor plop in Case 1 was high-pitched in quality, and was extinguished completely after the tumor was resected. The tumor plop in Case 2 was not audible on admission, but became evident after fusion of the tumor echoes and was associated with a presystolic murmur. PMID- 6520425 TI - [Mechanism of exercise-induced ST segment deviation in myocardial infarction: a 201T1-myocardial scintigraphic study]. AB - Exercise-induced ST segment deviation was investigated using thallium-201 myocardial scintigraphy and correlated with coronary artery lesions in 25 patients with old myocardial infarction. Seven of eight patients without ST deviation showed no reversible perfusion defect by near maximal exercise, and six had no significant stenosis in the coronary arteries perfusing the non-infarcted area. During exercise, ST segment depression was induced in 12 patients and six of them developed a reversible perfusion defect in the non-infarcted area, associated with significant stenosis of the corresponding coronary arteries. Remaining six patients, however, did not show a reversible perfusion defect and four of them had no significant stenosis of the coronary arteries perfusing the non-infarcted area. In nine patients with exercise-induced ST segment elevation in leads with Q waves, a reversible perfusion defect was not detected in seven (78%) and five (71%) of them had no significant coronary artery stenosis as well. Four patients developed both ST segment elevation in leads with Q waves and ST segment depression in other leads. One patient who had significant coronary artery stenosis in the non-infarcted area and showed a reversible perfusion defect developed 1.5 mm ST elevation in II, III, a VF leads and 4 mm ST depression in precordial leads. In the remaining three patients who did not show a reversible perfusion defect and significant coronary artery stenosis in the non infarcted area, ST depressions were less than 2 mm.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6520426 TI - [Regional myocardial contraction in ischemic heart disease: evaluation of regional myocardial thickening by two-dimensional echocardiography]. AB - There were many studies concerning the evaluation of regional wall motion in ischemic heart disease by left ventriculography (LVG) and two-dimensional echocardiography (2DE), but only a few observations on the regional myocardial thickening have been reported. In a survey of 48 cases of old myocardial infarction, we selected 21 cases with adequate 2DE images for the evaluation of regional wall motion and thickening. In all cases the 2DE examinations were performed within seven days before or after LVG examinations. The left ventricular wall on 2DE was divided into 11 segments and wall motion and thickening in each segment were graded to three classes, i.e. none, reduced and normal. The results on 2DE were then compared with the grade of wall motion of the corresponding segment on LVG. The sensitivity and specificity of 2DE wall motion were 50% and 89% in none, 59% and 48% in reduced, and 89% and 84% in normal, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of 2DE myocardial thickening were 81% and 93% in none, 82% and 70% in reduced, and 92% in normal, respectively. These results indicated that the regional myocardial thickening by 2DE has a higher sensitivity and specificity. Therefore, observation of both myocardial thickening and wall motion will be necessary for the proper evaluation of regional myocardial contraction in ischemic heart disease. PMID- 6520427 TI - [Diagnosis of myocardial ischemia in Kawasaki disease: thallium-201 myocardial imagings at rest, with exercise and with dipyridamole administration]. AB - Thallium-201 myocardial imaging was performed at rest in 131 children with coronary arterial lesions due to Kawasaki disease. The coronary arterial lesions were assessed by selective coronary angiography within a few days of the isotope study. Twenty-one children had occlusive lesions, and segmental stenotic lesions were seen in 16 children. Perfusion defects of the myocardial images were detected in nine of the former and in three of the latter. The locations of the perfusion defects coincided with the perfusion areas of the affected vessels on coronary angiography. Twelve patients with initial perfusion defects at rest had a follow-up study and the defects disappeared in five. These patients had re establishment of coronary blood flow in the initially affected areas by either development of collateral vessels or recanalization. Myocardial imaging with exercise was performed in 27 patients including four with coronary arterial occlusion and two with segmental stenosis on coronary angiography. All with coronary artery lesions showed perfusion defects on the imaging with exercise, while the resting study showed the defects only in one patient, in whom more extensive perfusion defects were observed after exercise. Myocardial imaging following intravenous injection of dipyridamole was carried out in 43 patients. Perfusion defects after the injection were noted in 15 of 17 patients with coronary occlusion and in nine of 13 patients with segmental stenosis. In four patients with perfusion defects at rest, additional or more extensive defects were revealed by this drug in the areas of additional coronary arterial involvements. In 20 patients with perfusion defects only after dipyridamole injection, the perfusion defects coincided with the angiographic findings very well. A perfusion defect was documented following dipyridamole injection in one exceptional patient who had no stenotic lesions, but had three giant coronary aneurysms of the right coronary artery. Thus the dilated coronary lesions seemed to give a perfusion defect. In some of the patients whose perfusion defects disappeared at rest on a follow-up study, the defects were disclosed by exercise and/or dipyridamole administration. Thus, thallium-201 myocardial imagings combining resting and exercise or dipyridamole studies were valuable for the detection and assessment of coronary arterial lesions of Kawasaki disease. PMID- 6520428 TI - [The analysis of left ventricular filling dynamics by radionuclide ventriculography using ECG's R wave and the second heart sound gating techniques]. AB - To assess the impairment of early diastolic left ventricular (LV) filling and the effect of atrial contraction on total LV filling in patients (pts) with coronary artery disease (CAD), LV volume (LVV) changes during rapid filling (RF) and atrial contraction (AC) phases were studied by equilibrium radionuclide ventriculography in 10 normals (N) and 17 pts with CAD including eight without (CAD-1) and nine with (CAD-2) previous myocardial infarction (MI). The data were acquired in a list-mode fashion as a series of X, Y coordinates, time markers and an ECG's R wave (R) plus the second heart sound (S2) markers. LVV curves were obtained from three types of multi-gated images by (1) R-synchronized forward reformatting for the analysis of systolic phase (ejection fraction; EF and peak ejection rate; PER), (2) S2-synchronized forward reformatting for the analysis of RF phase (peak filling rate; PFR-RF and filling fraction; FF) and (3) R synchronized backward reformatting for the analysis of AC phase (peak filling rate; PFR-AC and LVV increment with atrial contraction/stroke volume; AC/SV). EF and PER were significantly lower (p less than 0.001) in CAD-2 (36.0 +/- 8.1% and 1.5 +/- 0.4 EDV/sec) than in N (58.2 +/- 5.8% and -2.4 +/- 0.4 EDV/sec), but those in CAD-1 (52.7 +/- 6.4% and -2.2 +/- 0.3 EDV/sec) were almost the same as N. However PFR-RF and FF were reduced both in CAD-1 (1.5 +/- 0.4 EDV/sec and 23.0 +/- 7.0%) and CAD-2 (1.3 +/- 0.4 EDV/sec and 19.0 +/- 8.0%) compared with N (2.3 +/- 0.4 EDV/sec and 37.0 +/- 8.3%). PFR-AC and AC/SV were significantly greater (p less than 0.01) in CAD-1 (1.3 +/- 0.3 EDV/sec and 0.30 +/- 0.06) than N (0.8 +/- 0.3 EDV/sec and 0.13 +/- 0.07), but those in CAD-2 (0.6 +/- 0.4 EDV/sec and 0.18 +/- 0.09) showed no increase like in CAD-1. These results indicate that 1) the impairment of early diastolic filling precedes the evidence of systolic dysfunction in pts with CAD and 2) AC could compensate the impaired early filling in pts without prior MI, whereas in pts with prior MI this compensatory mechanism is absent presumably because of elevated LV filling pressure. PMID- 6520429 TI - [Clinical profiles, pathologic spectrum and management of atrial septal defect in patients aged 50 or over: how should it be treated?]. AB - Clinical and hemodynamic spectrum of secundum type atrial septal defect (ASD) in patients aged 50 or over was studied. Analysis of 20 elderly patients (mean age: 73.6 years) medically treated in Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital revealed that in the majority of patients symptoms were mild and shunt flow ratio was relatively small, accompanied by mildly elevated pulmonary arterial pressure. Autopsy studies in six patients suggested small ASD was compatible with normal life span. Analysis of 289 cases aged 50 or over, collected from 42 medical institutions, showed that 26.9% of them were asymptomatic (NYHA functional class I) and 31.3% of them had Qp/Qs ratio of less than 2.0, 20.2% of them had normal or nearly normal pulmonary arterial pressures. Only 16.6% of total cases had been treated surgically. Pulmonary hypertension and congestive heart failure inevitably limited the life span of patients with ASD, so it is clearly reasonable to close the defect before these complications develop. But in view of relatively large proportions of asymptomatic patients and/or patients with normal pulmonary arterial pressure suggestive of small ASD, conservative management may also be appropriate even in those patients aged 50 or over. PMID- 6520430 TI - [Prognostic significance of the initial clinical findings in patients over 40 years of age with secundum atrial septal defect]. AB - Controversy concerning medical versus surgical management of elderly patients with secundum atrial septal defect (ASD II) remains unsolved. To clarify this problem, we studied relation between initial clinical findings and long-term prognosis of patients with isolated ASD II over 40 years of age. Of 47 patients medically managed, 13 patients died during the follow-up period. Among these, 11 died of congestive heart failure (CHF), and 2 died of non-cardiac disease. Mean age and follow-up period of these 11 were 68.1 +/- 9.0 and 6.7 +/- 5.1 years, respectively, and those of 34 survivors were 61.9 +/- 7.5 and 7.7 +/- 5.8 years, respectively. All 6 patients of functional capacity III-IV (NYHA classification), and 5 of NYHA II, died. Seven patients of NYHA II progressed to NYHA III-IV, and the other 20 of NYHA II and all 7 patients of NYHA I remained unchanged during the follow-up. Overt CHF (p less than 0.001), mitral and/or tricuspid regurgitation (p less than 0.01), combination with arterial hypertension and/or ischemic heart disease (p less than 0.05), atrial fibrillation (p less than 0.01), P-sinistrocardiale (p less than 0.001), and R/S (V6) less than 2.0 (p less than 0.01), cardiothoracic ratio greater than 55% (p less than 0.001), width of right descending branch of the pulmonary artery greater than 25 mm (p less than 0.01), and mitral valve prolapse in the echocardiogram (p less than 0.05) were significantly frequent in the cases clinical deterioration. Of 32 patients, whose functional capacities were NYHA II initially, 12 showed progression and 20 were unchanged.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6520431 TI - [ASD plaque formation of the mitral valve in secundum atrial septal defect and the timing for operation]. AB - Non-rheumatic mitral regurgitation (MR) was found in 33 patients (10.2%) in a total of 324 patients with secundum atrial septal defect (ASD) who were operated on during 13 years period at the Mitsui Memorial Hospital. This combination was more frequent in women (27 patients: 13.5%) than in men (10 patients: 6.5%), and the incidence tended to increase with age. Inspection at operation revealed a marked fibrous thickening (ASD plaque) of the anterior and posterior mitral valve leaflets with a localized bulging into the left atrium at the posteromedial commissural area. Similar but less prominent change was found in nearly all patients above 20 years of age in the absence of mitral regurgitation. A friction between the anterior and posterior mitral leaflets caused by the abnormal left ventricular motion secondary to the right ventricular volume overload might be responsible to the genesis of this lesion. I proposed a new entity, "ASD-MR complex", for this combined lesion, as it demonstrates a specific pathophysiology and necessitates a different procedure for surgical correction from that of a secundum atrial septal defect without mitral or tricuspid involvements. As ASD plaque begins to appear in the second decade, surgical closure of the defect should be indicated before ten years of age. The incidence of severe MR or tricuspid regurgitation (TR) was significantly higher in patients older than 40 years of age. In cases with ASD-MR complex with or without TR, mitral or tricuspid annuloplasty with direct closure of the defect should be recommended. PMID- 6520432 TI - [Clinical advantages of echocardiography in evaluating the left ventricular function]. AB - This communication reported the present understanding on clinical advantages of echocardiography in evaluating practically left ventricular function. To evaluate the global function of the left ventricle, Sarnoff's function curve is clinically applicable, although it is quite difficult to change the preload in most clinical situations. Instead of the plotted function curve, only one functioning point is commonly used for the evaluation, the address of which is determined by the parameters related to preload and cardiac output, respectively. Echocardiography has been the most acceptable method for the clinical evaluation of left ventricular function as the noninvasive nature. The left ventricular size, shape, and function are not independent, but interrelated parameters. In estimating left ventricular volume based on the M-mode echocardiographically measured short axis, several calculation methods have been proposed. Various parameters of left ventricular pump function, such as ejection fraction, percent fractional shortening rate, and mean velocity of circumferential fiber shortening are basically calculated using left ventricular dimensions. However, these calculations are valid only when the dimensions are determined appropriately in the presence of symmetric and uniform contractions of the left ventricle. All these are satisfied, then, ejection fraction and fractional shortening are the most practical parameters for the global function. In ischemic diseases, problems of regional left ventricular function and segmental wall motion analysis are particularly indispensable. The regional function should be differentiated from the global function. It is extremely difficult to display the entire left ventricle in one echocardiographic section, and a combination of the parasternal and apical views can provide an adequate segmental wall motion analysis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6520433 TI - [Surgical indication for the closure of atrial septal defects in patients over 30 years of age: retrospective study]. AB - Surgical result of atrial septal defect (ASD) in patients of over 30 years of age was unexpectedly good, but complications associated with ASD or aging made the postoperative management difficult and complicated. Our surgical results suggest that the surgical correction should be considered in patients of over 30 years of age before the deterioration of symptoms or the complications become manifest. PMID- 6520434 TI - [Role of the electrocardiogram in detecting transient myocardial ischemia]. AB - Electrocardiographic evaluation of transient myocardial ischemia has three categories: detection, localization and severity, and prognostic evaluation. For the first category, the resting 12 leads electrocardiograms (RECG) were compared to those obtained by Holter monitoring (DECG) regarding ST segment changes. In 21% of patients with chest pain and normal RECGs, transient ST changes were disclosed by DECG. In 22% of patients with chest tightness or precordial discomfort and normal RECG, ST changes were disclosed by DECG. With onset of chest pain DECG showed ST changes in 56% of patients, and with tightness of the chest or precordial discomfort 35% of patients had DECG abnormalities. When DECG showed ST depression, cardiac complaints were accompanied in 25%, and when ST elevation occurred, they were accompanied in 45%. During maximal exercise test, ST changes appeared in all cases who complained chest pain. On the contrary, however, 48% of the patients complained chest pain at the time of the appearance of ST change. ST changes were examined in asymptomatic healthy persons. DECG showed ST changes in 17-25% in young persons. In the middle age persons, these were recognized from 15 to 35%. By treadmill exercise, young age group showed no changes in ST, whereas the middle age group showed the change in 4-8%. As to the localization, severity, and prognostic evaluation, the literatures were reviewed. PMID- 6520435 TI - [Clinical evaluation of myocardial contractility using noninvasive techniques]. PMID- 6520436 TI - [Accurate diagnosis of temporary myocardial ischemia by noninvasive regional wall motion analysis]. AB - Exercise ECG testing is the most popular method clinically detecting temporary myocardial ischemia, but both false-positive and false-negative results are reported. Detection of regional myocardial dysfunction during exercise using radionuclide angiocardiography or echocardiography has recently been developed to detect temporary myocardial ischemia in patients with coronary artery disease. In patients having chest pain and ECG changes during exercise, most of whom have coronary stenosis arteriographically, exercise radionuclide angiocardiography revealed an increased number of abnormal regional motion walls, an aggravation of asynergy by point scoring system, and a decrease of left ventricular ejection fraction (EF). In most of patients without coronary stenosis, on the other hand, no asynergy with increase of EF was observed. For detecting temporary myocardial ischemia, abnormal exercise radionuclide angiocardiography seemed rather sensitive than exercise 201-T1 myocardial imaging abnormality. During exercise, the regional wall motion abnormality was detected earlier by echocardiography than by electrical abnormality. In the cases, in which ST segment elevated during exercise, EF measured by radionuclide angiocardiography decreased remarkably, suggesting severe myocardial ischemia. In many of those, however, T waves were negative at rest and became positive during exercise, and EF increased, suggesting the other mechanism than myocardial ischemia. The success rate of exercise radionuclide angiocardiography was high. This method was useful not only in localizing abnormal wall motion but in obtaining reliable EF, though it is such an expensive device that it can be set only in the limited institutions. A major difficulty with standard M-mode echocardiography is in its "ice-pick" view, which may be compensated by 2-dimensional technique. Echocardiography can be used to detect the time course of the influence of myocardial ischemia. For evaluating temporary myocardial ischemia, examinations of regional wall motion abnormality is useful, because of high specificity, high sensitivity, localizing and grading the ischemia, and new interpretation of the findings of other examinations such as exercise ECG. PMID- 6520438 TI - [Necessity of angiography for the diagnosis of transient myocardial ischemia]. PMID- 6520437 TI - [Diagnostic availability of myocardial scintigraphy to transient ischemia episodes]. PMID- 6520439 TI - [Computed tomographic observation of the pericardium]. PMID- 6520440 TI - [Extra echo spaces: what do they represent?]. AB - The echocardiographic diagnosis of pericardial effusion is based on the assumption that "echo-free spaces" observed behind the posterior wall of the left ventricle are surrounded by epicardium and pericardial echoes. However, inexplicable extra echo spaces (EES) which may either be echo-dense or echo-free are observed in many asymptomatic patients. These EES often show no changes in their sizes or contours during lengthy follow-up studies. Therefore, we propose a hypothesis that subepicardial fat rather than effusions may be the cause of such EES. According to this hypothesis, a border zone of myocardium and subepicardial fat produces a linear echo which has been misinterpreted as an epicardial echo. Furthermore, a dense, broad band-like echo behind the posterior wall of the left ventricle believed to be a pericardial echo is a fusion echo caused by epicardium, pericardium and pleura. Differentiating EES as due either to subepicardial fat or pericardial effusion is difficult echocardiographically; however, CT scans can differentiate them due to their differing CT values. The echocardiographic diagnosis of pericardial effusion is more easily made among young patients who do not have appreciable subepicardial fat, or massive pericardial effusions causing pendulum-like movements of the heart. PMID- 6520441 TI - Relationship between fibroblastoid colony-forming units (CFU-f) and hemopoietic precursor cells in normal human bone marrow. AB - To clarify the relationship between fibroblastoid colony-forming units (CFU-f) and hemopoietic precursor cells, simultaneous assays of CFU-f, CFU-e, BFU-e, and CFU-c from the bone marrow of 10 healthy volunteers were performed. The number of CFU-f correlated positively with CFU-e (r = 0.905, P less than 0.001) and BFU-e (r = 0.842, P less than 0.005), but not with CFU-c (r = 0.530, P greater than 0.1). These findings support the hypothesis that CFU-f is related to erythropoiesis in the steady state of hemopoietic tissue. Further studies of the relationship between CFU-f and erythroid precursor cells in patients with hematological diseases may help clarify their pathophysiology. PMID- 6520442 TI - The kinetics of granulopoiesis in long-term mouse bone marrow culture. Part I. AB - The spontaneous stratification in long-term bone marrow cultures was illustrated and quantified. The cultures were separated into three hematopoietic layers: nonadherent cells in the supernatant medium, lightly adherent cells on top of the stromal layer, and remaining cells buried within the stromal layer. The cells of each layer were subcultured for 10 days in plastic tubes that inhibit the formation of a stromal layer. Daily samplings with absolute and differential cell counts were obtained. We identified three families of cell disappearance curves and cell types: CFU-s, hemocytoblasts, myeloblasts, and promyelocytes (G1, 2); myelocytes (G3); and postmitotic granulocytes (G4). Also, the numbers of mitotic and necrotic cells were determined. The longest half-time of CFU-s was 2.5 days. Lacking stromal support, CFU-s disappeared faster than other differentiated cells. Generally, these cells maintained their numbers for the first week of subcultures, which was attributable to a temporarily maintained balance of cell death and fresh cell production. After more than 7 days, there was a rapid decline of all differentiated cell types. PMID- 6520443 TI - The kinetics of granulopoiesis in long-term mouse bone marrow culture. Part II. AB - A mathematical model of mouse granulopoiesis in long-term bone marrow culture was constructed, based on established in vivo cell kinetic parameters. We applied the model to the cell kinetic experiment presented in Part I. Comparing model predicted cell kinetics with the experimental data led to iterative testing of several hypotheses. In the final model, the cell kinetics of intact tissue culture flasks were reconstructed, using the experimental data from 10 days of tube culture. Among other things, our analysis suggests that the parameters of normal in vivo granulopoiesis apply to bone marrow culture. PMID- 6520444 TI - [Late results of reoperation for mitral stenosis]. PMID- 6520445 TI - [Acquired tricuspid valvular stenosis--diagnosis, surgical treatments and its evaluations]. PMID- 6520446 TI - [Risk factors and management of deteriorated liver function following open-heart surgery in patients with pre-existing congestive liver dysfunction due to heart failure]. PMID- 6520447 TI - [Cerebral protection during cross-clamping of arch vessels in surgery for diseases of the thoracic aorta in adults]. PMID- 6520448 TI - [Study on 17 cases with metastasizing thymoma]. PMID- 6520449 TI - [Prevention of spinal cord injuries during operations on aneurysms of the descending thoracic aorta: usefulness and problems of somatosensory evoked potentials]. PMID- 6520450 TI - [Detection of the presence of Kent bundle in type B of Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome: application of the automatic display system of epicardial mapping]. PMID- 6520451 TI - [A case of bronchial leiomyoma successfully treated by endoscopic ND-YAG laser surgery]. PMID- 6520452 TI - [Sudden death due to a minor strut fracture of Bjork-Shiley prosthesis 14 months after mitral valve replacement: a case report]. PMID- 6520453 TI - [Surgical treatment of esophageal carcinoma in patients with achalasia of the cardia]. PMID- 6520455 TI - [Surgical treatment of infective endocarditis in Marfan syndrome--a report of two successfully treated cases]. PMID- 6520454 TI - [Postoperative treatment of lung cancer associated with severe respiratory dysfunction--weaning from the ventilator by high frequency jet ventilation]. PMID- 6520456 TI - [Successful treatment of ruptured giant aneurysm of the aortic arch--usefulness, disadvantages and controversies of the thromboexclusion method with a permanent long aortic bypass]. PMID- 6520457 TI - [Pulmonary artery aneurysm associated with atrial septal defect and pulmonary regurgitation]. PMID- 6520458 TI - [Chronic pulmonary embolism--report of a successfully embolectomized case with reference to collective review of the literature]. PMID- 6520459 TI - [Changes in CPK and its isoenzymes in open-heart surgery under profound hypothermia by surface cooling]. PMID- 6520460 TI - [A study on atrial potential--characteristics and its relation to ECG]. PMID- 6520461 TI - [Contractile performance of the left ventricle before and after the surgery for mitral regurgitation--with special reference to left ventricular end-systolic volume index as a prognostic indicator]. PMID- 6520462 TI - [Ventricular arrhythmia after repair of tetralogy of Fallot--ambulatory ECG monitoring in 100 patients]. PMID- 6520463 TI - [Retrograde cardioplegia as a method of myocardial protection--comparison between antegrade and retrograde method by metabolic and serial enzymatic determinations]. PMID- 6520464 TI - [Evaluation on hematological changes during and following extracorporeal circulation]. PMID- 6520465 TI - [Study of type I ventricular septal defect--a trial of reclassification of types of ventricular septal defect based on Goor's classification]. PMID- 6520466 TI - [Valvular dysfunction due to calcified Hancock valve in extracardiac conduit: a case report]. PMID- 6520467 TI - [A survival case of persistent fetal circulation following surgery of diaphragmatic hernia by ligature of the ductus arteriosus]. PMID- 6520468 TI - [Complete right heart bypass operation for tricuspid atresia with anatomically corrected malposition of the great arteries and juxtaposition of the atrial appendages]. PMID- 6520469 TI - [Successful correction of total anomalous pulmonary venous connection in a neonate]. PMID- 6520470 TI - [Successful re-aortic valve replacement in prosthetic valve endocarditis immediately after the episode of cerebral embolization--a case report]. PMID- 6520471 TI - [Thymic carcinoid; report of a case]. PMID- 6520472 TI - [Soft ionization mass spectrometry--application for the glycolipid analysis]. PMID- 6520473 TI - [Ammonia metabolism during perinatal period--ontogenesis of enzymes in pyrimidine biosynthesis and urea cycle system]. AB - The enzymes and intermediate metabolite of pyrimidine biosynthesis and ammonia metabolism were studied during perinatal period in rats. The activity of carbamyl phosphate synthetase I(CPS I) in fetal rat liver was low up to the 19th day of gestation, but a rapid increase was observed on the 20th day of gestation. The activity of CPS I in adult liver was about three times as high as that on the 17th day of gestation in fetal rat liver. The activities of carbamyl phosphate synthetase II(CPS II) and aspartate transcarbamylase (ATC) in fetal rat liver were much higher than those in adult liver, but a rapid decrease was observed from the 17th day of gestation up to birth. The activities of CPS II and ATC in adult liver were about 5--10% of those on the 17th day of gestation. The change in orotate content during the perinatal period in fetal rat liver was parallel to changes in the activities of CPS I and ATC, and a rapid decrease in orotate content in the last gestational stage was related to a rapid decrease in CPS and ATC activities. These results indicate that the activities of CPS I and CPS II change from the end of the gestational stage up to birth, and the proposed metabolic regulation of fetal growth and developments of considerable interest. PMID- 6520474 TI - [Experimental studies on photoradiation therapy by hematoporphyrin derivative (HpD) and argon dye laser]. AB - A light sensitive substance, Hematoporphyrin Derivatives (HpD) is known to have an affinity with tumor cells, which are degenerated to necrosis by photoradiation therapy (PRT). Fundamental studies were performed to elucidate the mechanism acting on tumor cells and to evaluate efficiency when applied to gynecological malignancies. The SKG-1 cell line established from uterine cervical cancer was used in this study. No effects on cell growth inhibition (CGI) can be expected by single irradiation. Single HpD has some effects on CGI depending on the HpD concentration and length of treatment time. In PRT, a proportional increase in effects is obtained by extending the irradiation time. More than 90% effectiveness is obtained by irradiation for 5 minutes or more. In a cytomorphological study of the time course changes in cultivated cells subjected to PRT, prominent cytoplasmic changes are observed even immediately after PRT. Advanced changes in nuclei are seen within a few hours after PRT. Electron microscopic findings are mitochondrial swelling and destruction, ER distension, destruction of plasmamembrane and decreased density of nuclei as chromatin disappears. The DNA pattern of the cells 24 hours after PRT showed a shift in the histogram peak to diploid and a remarkable decrease in the number of high ploidy cells above tetraploidy. This indicates early degeneration of DNA after PRT. PMID- 6520475 TI - [Neonatal survival and perinatal factors in infants born at 24 to 32 weeks of gestation]. AB - Clinical associations between neonatal survival and perinatal factors were studied in very premature infants delivered at Kurashiki Central Hospital Perinatal Center during April 1979 to March 1983. The very premature singleton infants without congenital anomaly were studied in the present work, including 45 live-birth infants born at 24 to 32 weeks of gestation and weighing 590 to 2,000g at birth. The mortality rate for male infants was higher than that for female infants, but this difference was not statistically significant. The mortality rate for infants born at 28 to 32 weeks of gestation was 2.9%, and that for infants weighing 1,000g or more at birth, respectively. The cause of all these neonatal death was massive aspiration syndrome with intracranial hemorrhage, and severe neonatal asphyxia. The mortality rate for infants born at 24 to 32 weeks of gestation was 60%, and that of infants weighing 999g or less, 60%, respectively. The cause of all these neonatal deaths was respiratory distress syndrome with intracranial hemorrhage. Clinically, it was suggested that cesarean section after onset of labor, PROM, and Betamethasone prior to delivery increased the survival rate of these infants statistically significantly. The most important neonatal complication in the prognosis of very premature infants was intracranial hemorrhage. The most correlated perinatal factors of neonatal intracranial hemorrhage were one min. Apgar score and fetal lung maturation. PMID- 6520477 TI - [Morphological studies of cultured cells derived from human cervix with normal and abnormal epithelium]. AB - Primary explant tissue cultured cells and their subcultured cells were studied morphologically as basic research into the neoplastic process in the uterine cervix, or into the cellular difference between carcinoma in situ (cis) and invasive carcinoma. We cultured cells derived from normal squamous epithelium, dysplasia, cis and invasive carcinoma, and these cultured cells were observed by light and electron microscopy. The following results were obtained: A cultured medium with D-valine substituted for L-valine was used, and it was found that the medium clearly inhibited the outgrowth of fibroblasts, but did not inhibit the outgrowth of the epithelial cells. The cultured cells from the normal, dysplasia and cis could be passaged three times. These cultured cells derived from the normal and each abnormal epithelium had different growth patterns. In addition, the morphological features of these cultured cells resembled those of each in vivo. There was no difference in the findings for the subcultured cells. PMID- 6520476 TI - [Pathological study of endometrial carcinogenesis in androgen-sterilized-rats]. AB - As reported previously, squamous metaplasias, endometrial hyperplasias and cancers of the uterus occurred more frequently in androgen-sterilized-rats (ASR) than in normal rats (NR). This time we pathologically examined the endometrium of ASP in detail and obtained the following results: 1) In NR, aged from 70 to 750 days, no abnormal findings were found. In 61 ASR, aged more than 500 days, were found 8 simple endometrial hyperplasias, 2 atypical endometrial hyperplasias, 15 simple squamous metaplasias, 1 atypical squamous metaplasia, 2 adenocarcinomas, 1 adenosquamous carcinoma and 1 squamous carcinoma. 2) In ASR, proliferative and metaplastic changes coexisted in the endometrium. Two adenocarcinomas were accompanied by metaplasias and atypical hyperplasias, and one squamous carcinoma was accompanied by simple hyperplasias. 3) The endometrial carcinogenesis of ASR was thought to be as follows. In ASR, the endometrial epithelium loses its secretory function, becoming low columnar epithelium. A part of the non-secretory endometrium gains proliferative activity and progresses to metaplastic epithelium or to glandular hyperplasia. The former may develop to atypical metaplasia and squamous carcinoma, the latter to atypical hyperplasia and adenocarcinoma. PMID- 6520478 TI - [Isolation and purification of placental coagulation inhibitor]. AB - The placenta contains such thrombotic factors as tissue thromboplastin, placental factor XIII, and placental urokinase inhibitor. On the other hand, there are some antithrombotic factors, for example, placental plasminogen activator and platelet aggregation inhibitor. This paper deals with another antithrombotic factor isolated from the human placenta. The results obtained are as follows: The placental coagulation inhibitor (PCI) was isolated from the human placental extract, by delipidation and chromatographic procedures with Con-A Sepharose, DEAE-Sephacel and gel filtration with Sephacryl S-300 and Sephadex G-100. The PCI was a protein, having a molecular weight of approximately 45,000 daltons. Immunological examination revealed that the PCI was different from such well known anticoagulants as AT-III, alpha 1-AT, alpha 2-M, C1-INA, and the PCI had no heparin like characteristics. The PCI had neither fibrinolytic nor antifibrinolytic activity. Platelet aggregation was not inhibited by the PCI. The PCI had anticoagulant activity which prolongs both intrinsic and extrinsic coagulation systems. PMID- 6520479 TI - [The changes of serum total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and atherogenic index in postpartum]. AB - The changes of serum total cholesterol (TC), HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C), Atherogenic Index [TC-HDL-C)/HDL-C, AI) and body weight in postpartum were studied in 58 normal women with obvious hypercholesterolemia (TC greater than or equal to 300 mg/dl) during pregnancy. They were divided into two groups: Groups A (n = 33) and B (n = 25), according to the maximal levels of TC (TCmax) in pregnancy, (Group A: TCmax less than 350mg/dl, Group B: TCmax greater than or equal to 350mg/dl). These groups were divided into four subgroups according to the length of time during which TC was below 250mg/dl) after delivery. In Groups A1 (n = 20) and B1 (n = 12) TC reached 250mg/dl within 10 weeks postpartum, and in Groups A2 (n = 13) and B2 (n = 13) after more than 11 weeks postpartum. TC in Group A was significantly higher than in Group B within 6 weeks postpartum. In Group A AI was significantly lower than in Group B at the same period. HDL-C in Group B1 was significantly higher than in Group B2. AI in Group B1 was significantly lower than in Group B2. In Group A TC reached 250mg/dl more rapidly than in Group B. The average weekly weight loss in postpartum in each Group A1 or B1 was significantly greater than each Group A2 or B2. The degree of hypercholesterolemia in pregnancy might influence the changes of serum lipids in postpartum. Rapid weight loss in postpartum might bring rapid recovery from abnormal metabolism of serum lipids in pregnancy. PMID- 6520480 TI - [Reevaluation for overlooked signs of cervical smears in cases of uterine cervical adenocarcinoma]. AB - Though the incidence of adenocarcinoma is not high, this cancer has been a matter for discussion on the grounds that mass screening frequently shows "false negative" cases. The purpose of this study was to clarify the factors which had caused a misdiagnosis through the re-investigation of patients' previous cervical smears. In spite of continuous smear tests at various intervals, there was a long delay in the diagnosis, ranging from 6 months to 5 years, in 14 patients out of 51 cases of cervical adenocarcinoma treated in our hospitals during the past 6 years. In 12 of these 14 cases a careful re-examination of previously overlooked smear preparations revealed definite signs of adenocarcinoma in most cases (86%). A cause of the delay in diagnosing adenocarcinoma seems likely to be related to cytological inspections rather than to the process of taking smears. Characteristics overlooked signs in the misdiagnosed smears were either "rosette like" arrangements or "irregular clusters of sheet-like" arrangements. The rosette-like arrangements a pattern indicative of cervical adenocarcinoma, were found in 10 of the above cases (71%). The findings obtained suggest that for the diagnosis of cervical adenocarcinoma, cytological diagnosis by smear could be made even in the early pre-clinical stage and when cervical adenocarcinoma is suspected on a cytological basis in this stage, conization is also strongly recommended despite the punch biopsy. PMID- 6520481 TI - [Estimation of placental leucine aminopeptidase (P-LAP) in pregnancy sera]. AB - The estimation of placental leucine aminopeptidase (P-LAP) was carried out on pregnancy sera in order to assess its clinical usefulness. The P-LAP level rose progressively with advancing gestation, reaching the highest value (100 unit) at week 39. P-LAP levels in prolonged pregnancies, in which a healthy baby was born, were quite similar to normal pregnancy. On the other hand, the onset of labor in 4 prolonged pregnancies, in which severe neonatal distress occurred, began 14 days or more after the highest value for the daily mean P-LAP levels, and the levels at onset of labor were lower than normal pregnancy. The P-LAP levels in threatened premature delivery were in the order normal pregnancy, those treated only with bed rest and those treated with administration of isoxsuprine. There were no differences in P-LAP levels between normal and mild pre-eclampsia up to week 33, but thereafter the levels for the mild pre-eclampsia were higher than for the normal pregnancy. The P-LAP levels for the severe pre-eclampsia reached their maximum at week 31. Around this week, the levels for severe pre-eclampsia were higher than in the normal pregnancy. After week 35, the levels dropped precipitously to week 40. The levels for severe pre-eclampsia at week 39 and 40 were lower than in normal pregnancy. PMID- 6520482 TI - [A study on clinical significance of oncofetal antigen-1 in gynecologic tumors]. AB - To investigate the immune response of patients with gynecologic cancer to a new cancer-related fetal antigen (OFA-1), anti-OFA-1 was titrated by the immune adherence method in these patients. A high prevalence of anti-OFA-1 was observed in a number of different histologic types of tumor and this fact shows that OFA-1 can be highly immunogenic in patients. Then in order to identify anti-OFA-1 profiles that correlate with prognosis and to understand the role of anti-OFA-1 behavior in vivo, I analyzed the anti-OFA-1 response of various gynecologic cancer patients in relation to the course of their disease. 1) Cases which had persistently high anti-OFA-1 levels following surgery and ones in which anti-OFA 1 titer increased to more than twofold were free of clinical diseases. 2) In cases in which anti-OFA-1 antibody increased and then dropped gradually, this was followed by clinical recurrence or metastasis. 3) Cases without response to OFA-1 were associated with no recurrence. Thus monitoring anti-OFA-1 in patients could have immediate clinical application in evaluating prognosis. PMID- 6520483 TI - New establishment and characterization of a carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) producing cell line from a human carcinoma of the uterine cervix. AB - A new human cell line (TC-S) was established from a metastatic lesion of a inguinal lymph node of a large-cell keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix. The population doubling time was 29.8 hours. Plating efficiency was 85.5%. The mitotic coefficient was 3.2%. The generation time was about 27 hours, (G1 phase 16 hours, S phase 4 hours, G2 phase 6 hours and M phase 1 hour). Electron microscopically, desmosomes, developed tonofilaments and macronucleoli were found. After subcutaneous transplantation into nude mice, the cells grew into solid tumors that killed the mice. Histopathologically, the tumors formed in nude mice showed keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma, which resembled those of the original cervical cancer and the metastatic lymph node. The TC-S cells produced carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). By the scanning microdensitometric and flow cytometric analyses, the TC-S was classified as hyperploid with a hyperquadroploidy mode. PMID- 6520484 TI - Studies on the mode of delivery and the outcome of small preterm infants with less than 32 weeks of gestation. AB - The purpose of this study is to make the relationship clear between the mode of delivery and the outcome of small preterm infants. A total of 91 tiny infants who were delivered before 32 weeks of gestation at Seirei Hamamatsu Hospital (between July 1, 1977 and January 31, 1983) and were studied retrospectively. Mean and standard deviation of birth weight and gestational age were 1215 +/- 388 grams and 28.2 +/- 2.4 weeks. The following results were obtained in the present study: 1) breech vaginal delivery of a tiny infant was a associated with an alarmingly high neonatal mortality rate, 2) infants weighing less than 750 grams had a very low survival rate among any of the modes of delivery, 3) infants delivered before 28 weeks of gestation had a poor survival rate, 4) an elective cesarean section of the infants weighing between 750 and 1499 grams showed a lower 28 days mortality rate than an emergency cesarean section or a breech vaginal delivery, though there were no statistical differences between a cephalic vaginal delivery and an elective cesarean section, 5) the frequency of intracranial hemorrhage was significantly lower among the elective cesarean sections than the others. PMID- 6520485 TI - The significance of nonstress test from 24 to 42 weeks' gestation. AB - On 811 pregnant subjects, a sampling that included high-risk pregnancies, NST was performed 3,015 times from 24 to 42 weeks' gestation. Reactive NST and nonreactive NST accounted for 67.9% and 26.1%, respectively. Both amplitude and duration of acceleration showed an increase with the advance of pregnancy. The number of accelerations which occurred in the examination period increased as well. V-shaped decelerations were sometimes found in the NST recordings of normal fetuses accompanied by fetal movements, but the incidence of this type of deceleration tended to decrease as the subjects reached full term. No correlation was found between the occurrence of V-shaped deceleration during antepartum NST and that of variable deceleration during intrapartum monitoring. Taking 10 bpm and 10 seconds as the standard values of the acceleration amplitude and the duration of acceleration, respectively, there was found a significantly higher incidence of late deceleration during labor in the fetuses who showed nonreactive NST antepartally than those showed reactive NST. The incidence of persistent late deceleration was significantly higher in the nonreactive fetuses under the 10 bpm/10 second criteria than in those under the conventional 15 bpm/15 second criteria. PMID- 6520486 TI - [Septic shock]. PMID- 6520487 TI - [Female genital tract infection and non-sporing anaerobic bacteria]. PMID- 6520488 TI - [Pelvic lymph node dissection for cervical cancer]. PMID- 6520490 TI - [Fatigue performance of Hoffmann-Vidal external fixator]. AB - The question concerning reusability of the Hoffmann-Vidal frame has been widely discussed, but no definite recommendation can be made on scientific data. The present study was designed to investigate the change of frame stiffness and fatigue life of the components in a Hoffmann-Vidal quadrilateral fixator. Failures were found at the base of the pin fixation bracket rod. They can be classified into 3 types: complete rod fracture, incomplete rod fracture and loosening of the rod. Only complete fractures of the rod caused a significant reduction of frame stiffness. Strength and loosening torque were proportional to the initial tightening torque for both the universal ball joint and articulation coupling. The mean reduction of screw fixation strength was 16% after 2.5 million cycles. As a result of repeated tightening, two retaining screws from three universal ball joints were severely deformed and the threads flattened. Two fixation screws on the pin bracket and two square-headed screws on the adjustable connecting rods fractured at the 5th to 6th tightening sequence. Significant wear debris were observed during repeated tightening of the articulation coupling. No gross material defects were observed on the fracture surfaces of the failed components. The Hoffmann-Vidal external fixation apparatus may be safely used for four to five sequential applications provided that all critical components be carefully inspected and the fixation screws replaced after each application. The screws should be tightened appropriately using only the T-wrench in order to prevent overloading. These screws should be retightened periodically to maintain incorporated to minimize the screw and rod fractures and to avoid the wear problem after repeated tightening of the screws. PMID- 6520489 TI - [Serum CEA as a prognostic factor in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix treated by radiation]. PMID- 6520491 TI - Electron and immunoelectron microscopic investigation of basal lamina thickening in synovial capillaries and post-capillary venules in rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Capillaries and post-capillary venules in the synovium obtained from 12 rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients have been investigated by electron microscopy and immunoelectron microscopy with a monoclonal antibody against human type IV collagen, which is one of the major basal lamina (BL) components. The level of BL thickening in RA synovial vessels is roughly parallel with that of cellular exudation. The BL thickening may be due to excessive production of BL components, in which the accelerated rate of death and replenishment of endothelial cells and pericytes plays an important role. These cells may not only produce a single layer of BL in their life-time but also produce excessive amounts of BL components to make several layers in their life-time. PMID- 6520492 TI - Arthroscopy of the shoulder joint--a cadaver and clinical study. Part 1: Cadaver study. AB - An experimental study of shoulder arthroscopy has been carried out over the past two years. Fifty-one cadaveric shoulders were investigated by different types of arthroscope. Dissections were carried out after each arthroscopic examination and the arthroscopic findings were investigated. Three approaches, namely, anterior, posterior and superior were used. The arthroscopic anatomy of the shoulder joint was divided into 5 regions: anterior, superior, central, inferior, and posterior. The posterior approach provides the widest field of view amongst all the approaches and also better orientation. The superior approach could cause damage to the critical area of supraspinatus tendon and its clinical application is not recommended. PMID- 6520493 TI - Arthroscopy of the shoulder joint--a cadaver and clinical study. Part 2: Clinical study. AB - Shoulder arthroscopy was carried out 56 times on 50 patients. Different types of arthroscopes were employed. Anterior and posterior approaches were used. Diagnoses were 21 cases of glenohumeral instability including 17 of recurrent anterior dislocation and subluxation; 2 of voluntary anterior subluxation and 2 of habitual posterior dislocation, 13 of rotator cuff tear, 6 of chronic subacromial bursitis, 2 of fracture-dislocation, 2 of frozen shoulder, 2 of baseball shoulder, one of rheumatoid arthritis, and 3 miscellaneous. The arthroscopic findings in the instability group and rotator cuff tear group were verified. Bankart lesion and Hill-Sachs lesion were identified arthroscopically. The indications for shoulder arthroscopy are outlined. There was no significant morbidity with this procedure. PMID- 6520494 TI - [Electromyographic analysis of the leg muscles in the hemiplegic patients with equinovarus deformity of the foot]. AB - A series of EMG study of the leg muscles was carried out with a wire electrode in 86 hemiplegic patients of stroke to visualize the role of each muscle either in the development of equinovarus deformity of the foot or in correcting the deformity through tendon transfer. The muscles examined were anterior tibialis, posterior tibialis, gastrocnemius, soleus, flexor digitorum longus and peroneus brevis of the affected side. Tonic discharge of those muscles was recorded as the patients were elevating the affected leg in supine, sitting or standing posture or were standing on legs. On lifting up the affected limb, most patients showed electrical activity of anterior tibialis with or without simultaneous activity of other muscles, most frequently with that of flexor digitorum longus or gastrocnemius. When the patient stood on legs electromyographic discharge appeared most frequently in soleus. Varus deformity of the foot significantly correlated to the lack of the electrical activity of peroneus brevis. Both such abnormal activity of anterior tibialis and the lack of activity of peroneus seemed to be the main causes for the varus deformity. Postoperative EMG study in the patients who underwent Watkins-Barr procedure of anterior transfer of the posterior tibialis tendon, showed that the posterior tibialis was rather inactive both in elevating the leg and in standing on legs. Varus deformity was corrected independent of the discharge of posterior tibialis. The author concluded that the correction of the varus deformity after Watkins-Barr procedure was mainly obtained from the tenodesis effect. The tenodesis provides the checkline effect on the equinus and varus deformity, which reinforces the dorsiflexing action of anterior tibialis and attenuates its inverting action of the same muscle. PMID- 6520496 TI - [Pulmonary function and movement of the thoracic cage in mild idiopathic thoracic scoliosis]. AB - It has not yet been studied whether there is a threshold in the degree of scoliotic deformity, above which the pulmonary function is impaired. Neither has it been confirmed whether the pulmonary dysfunction has some relation to the development of scoliosis and its deterioration, if the impairment of pulmonary function does exists in patients with subclinically mild scoliosis. To elucidate these problems, the author investigated the respiratory function and the movement of the thoracic cage as well, in scoliotic patients with mild involvement on their thoracic spine. The results were as follows. In cases with mild deformity of less than fourty degrees, residual volume and functional residual capacity were increased and static lung compliance was decreased, but vital capacity remained within normal limits. Increased residual volume was observed even in the very mild case with a curvature of as much as ten degrees. No correlation was found between the degree of pulmonary dysfunction and the prognosis of scoliosis. The author believed that prognosis of scoliosis could not be predicted by testing the pulmonary functions alone. The movement of the thoracic cage was greater in the concave side of scoliosis than in the convex side on both tidal breathing and vital capacity measurement maneuver. Both the degree of deformity represented by Cobb's angle and that of rib hump correlated significantly with the restriction of the movement of the thoracic cage on the convex side of scoliotic deformity. PMID- 6520495 TI - [Geometric total knee arthroplasty--follow-up for an average of six years]. AB - Geometric total knee prosthesis was applied for reconstruction of 70 destructive knee joints in 56 patients from November 1973 through March 1979. The average follow-up period extended to six years and seven months. Eleven patients had died and four could not be located. Eighty-one percent of the remaining arthroplasties disclosed little or no pain at the time of the review. Pain in the patellofemoral joints was an insignificant problem in this series. The absence of radiolucent zone at the tibial cement-bone interface was noted in only 20.4% of the roentgenograms. New formation or progression of radiolucent zone after six months was found in 36.7%. Displacement of the marker wires seen in serial roentgenograms existed in 51.0% of the knees. The tibial component was fractured in one patient. PMID- 6520497 TI - [Morphological changes of the cervical spinal canal and cord due to aging]. AB - Cervical spondylotic myelopathy is a condition in which degenerative changes of the cervical vertebral bodies and the intervertebral discs cause disturbances to the spinal cord either by direct mechanical compression or by disturbing the blood supply. There have been a number of studies on roentgenological measurements of the anteroposterior (AP) diameter of the cervical spinal canal relating to the disorder. However, there are only a few reports concerning the shape and the size of the spinal canal and the spinal cord. Murone reported that the cervical spinal canal of Japanese was significantly smaller than those of Europeans on roentgenograms. However, whether the size of the spinal cord of Japanese is proportionally smaller or not remains to be studied. The aim of the present study is to perform various measurements of the human cervical spine specimens to find any influence of the age on them and to see relative correlation of the spinal cord size to the corresponding spinal canal size. METHODS: Seventy-seven human cervical spinal columns taken en bloc from C3 to C7 at post-mortem examination were used for the study. After taking AP and lateral roentgenograms, the specimen was horizontally transsected at the middle of each vertebral body and at the level of each intervertebral disc. The reason why the middle of the vertebral body was selected is to exclude modifications by osteophyte formation at the upper and the lower ends of the body and to see possible genuine appearance and change of the spinal canal. The measured items were AP diameter of the vertebral body (A), AP diameter of the spinal canal (B), area of the spinal canal (C), AP diameter of the spinal cord (beta) and area of the spinal cord (gamma). In five untreated specimens, CT-scan was performed prior to the horizontal section, and the CT-scan findings were compared to those by direct measurements. Lateral cervical roentgenograms of 249 patients of various ages were used as a comparison. RESULTS: The AP diameter of the vertebral body (A) and the AP diameter of the spinal canal (B) showed some correlation with the age. The former became larger whereas the latter became smaller with the age. The area of the spinal canal (C) did not show correlation with the age. The AP diameter of the spinal cord (beta) showed correlation with the age, whereas the area of the spinal cord (gamma) failed to show the correlation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6520498 TI - [Ultrastructural and pathological studies of chondromyxoid fibroma of bone]. AB - Histological and electron microscopic studies were carried out on a chondromyxoid fibroma in the right femur of a 8 years old boy. Although chondromyxoid fibroma contained chondroid, fibrovascular and myxoid components, the chondroid zone was transformed into myxoid zone through degeneration of chondroblastic tumor cells. Fibroblastic tumor cells gave no findings specific for fibroblast and fibrocyte on electron microscopy. Most primitive tumor cells were found in the fibromatoid zone. These cells have probably differenciated to fibroblastic and chondroblastic tumor cells. Histiocytes were gathered around the blood vessel. Despite the native of chondromyxoid fibroma as one of the bone tumor of cartilagenous deviation, it showed the characteristics of histiocytic tumors in part. PMID- 6520499 TI - [A roentgenographic study of extension movements in osteoarthritic knees]. AB - Serial lateral roentgenographs were taken of extension movements in 120 normal knees and 153 osteoarthritic knees, and analysis was made of both gliding and rolling movements of the medial femoral condyle with respect to the tibia. In normal knees, the medial femoral condyle showed a smooth forward shift with respect to the tibia in their extension movements from flexion 90 degrees to maximum extension, made gliding movements from flexion 90 degrees to 60 degrees, and then, added with an element of rolling movements, took its final extension position. Index of contact for flexion 90 degrees and maximum extension position was 40.94 +/- 4.87% and 54.38 +/- 6.55%, respectively, and index of shift was 14.33 +/- 4.66%, with no differences by age. In osteoarthritic knees, with the grade of disease, the alteration on the cartilaginous surface of the medial femoral condyle progressed and a rhythm disturbance occurred between gliding and rolling movements; from flexion 90 degrees to 60 degrees gliding movements were made similarly to normal knees, from flexion 60 degrees rolling movements increased, and further from flexion 30 degrees to the final extension position, rolling movements rather than gliding movements played the leading role, with observed strong forward shift of the medial femoral condyle and extension disturbance of the knee joint. Index of contact for 90 degrees and maximum extension position was 40.41 +/- 6.71% and 60.80 +/- 9.52%, respectively, and index of shift was 23.39 +/- 9.94% with an index of rearward shift of over 5% on the way to extension observed in 39 joints (25%). According to the above result, it was concluded that the aggravation of osteoarthritic knees could be partly due to abnormal gliding and rolling of the medial femoral condyle in knee extension movements. PMID- 6520500 TI - [Roentgenographic and experimental studies of the patella alta]. AB - Patella alta has so far been given attention with reference to the patellofemoral disorder. However, neither its morphological concept has been quite coherent yet nor its clinical significance has been fully understood. In order to clarify these points, the author made a roentgenographic investigation of patella alta and also conducted an experimental study. Defining as patella alta the condition in which the articular surface of the patella is higher than the patellar surface on the femur, the author evaluated the patella position by seizing, from the dynamic viewpoint, the positions of the articular surface of the patella to the patellar surface on the femur by serial roentgenography and their graphic representations. The results obtained revealed that in the patellofemoral osteoarthritis, compared with the normal, there was observed retarded descending of the patella into the femoral intercondylar notch at knee flexion. Moreover, on the rabbit knee whose patellar ligament was lengthened, descending condition of the patella similar to that observed for human patellofemoral osteoarthritis was created, thus leading to an experimental patellofemoral osteoarthritis. The above results suggested an of important role of patella alta in the pathogenesis of patellofemoral osteoarthritis. PMID- 6520502 TI - [Differential diagnosis of entrapment neuropathy]. PMID- 6520501 TI - [Experimental studies on polyacetal composites for joint prosthesis]. AB - Composite polymer resin is one of the most promising materials for its excellent bio-functions. The purpose of the present studies is to prove the applicability of polyacetal composites as a biomaterial for joint prostheses from in vivo as well as in vitro experiments. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The polymeric materials tested in the studies were acetal copolymer resin (POM) reinforced with 20% carbon fiber (CR20), POM with 10% fluorine powder (YF 10), POM alone, ultra high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) and UHMWPE reinforced with 10% carbon fiber (Poly two). Experiment I: Evaluation of biocompatibility in vivo by injecting polymeric powders into the abdominal cavity of mice, and in vitro with a tissue culture method. Experiment II: Friction and wear tests with a slider and a plate under different lubricants, the slider was made of stainless steel or ceramic. Coefficient of friction and specific wear rate were measured, and the wear surface was observed with scanning electron microscope (SEM). Muller type acetabular cups used for the simulation test were made of reinforced POMs, UHMWPE, and Poly two. A walk simulator was made to test the tribological behavior of hip joint prostheses in which the frictional counterpart was made of ceramic. Roughness of the wear surface, and ultimate frictional torque were measured and the surface microstructure was observed with SEM. Experiment III: Application for joint replacement. As a first step, screwshaped test pieces were inserted into the proximal end of the tibia of Beagle dogs, and ultimate rotating torque was measured to investigate the degree of fixation of reinforced POMs to the bone. A hip joint prosthesis of self-locking and cementless type was made and implanted in 12 dogs. Nine dogs were sacrificed more than 24 weeks after the implantation and investigated radiographically and histopathologically. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Reinforced POMs showed similar biocompatibility as other biomaterials for joint prostheses. In the combination with ceramic, the coefficient of CR20 tends to decrease with the increase of load and prolapsed time. SEM findings showed low specific wear. After the simulation test, the surface of CR20 cup became smoother. Poly two showed almost the same frictional torque as CR20, but its reinforced carbon fibers seem to be easily drifted away from the wear surface. The CR20 test pieces showed as firm fixation to the bone as those of stainless steel. The implantation tests were excellent in 2 and good in 3 dogs at the point of fixation of the socket with the bone out of 9 dogs tested.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6520503 TI - [Radiation treatment of esophageal carcinoma using a high-dose-rate remote afterloader: estimation of local control using multivariate analyses]. PMID- 6520504 TI - Cancer of the male breast with hypopituitarism. PMID- 6520505 TI - [Colony growth by various malignant cells of cancer patients on in vitro colony assay]. PMID- 6520506 TI - [Clinical usefulness of serum TPA, IAP and CEA levels in gynecological cancer]. PMID- 6520507 TI - [Changes of immune reactivities, immunosuppressive acidic protein (IAP) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in patients with cervical cancer during and after treatment]. PMID- 6520508 TI - [Educational lecture on clinical topics on parathyroids]. PMID- 6520509 TI - [Clinical evaluation of 79 patients with acute pulmonary embolism: a omparison of massive and submassive types]. PMID- 6520510 TI - [Pathophysiological studies on hypoxic circulatory responses in health and in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease]. PMID- 6520511 TI - [Echocardiographic manifestations of primary pericardial mesothelioma: report of a case]. PMID- 6520512 TI - [Two cases of paragonimiasis westermani with bilateral pleural effusion]. PMID- 6520513 TI - [A case of Cronkhite-Canada syndrome with improvement of hypoproteinemia following gastroileocolectomy]. PMID- 6520514 TI - [A case of Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome associated with diffuse interstitial pneumonia]. PMID- 6520515 TI - [Branhamella (Neisseria) catarrhalis endocarditis after insertion of a mitral prosthesis: a case report]. PMID- 6520516 TI - [A case of Wilson's disease with a high density lesion in hepatic computerized tomography scan and abnormal secretion of pituitary hormones]. PMID- 6520517 TI - [Clinical aspects of the senile lung]. PMID- 6520518 TI - [Symposium on treatment of cancer. 3. Induced hypertension chemotherapy of solid tumors based on functional characteristics of tumor vessels]. PMID- 6520519 TI - [Symposium on treatment of cancer. 5. Preoperative hyperthermo-chemo-radiotherapy of esophageal carcinoma. Analysis of 20 cases]. PMID- 6520520 TI - [Symposium on treatments of cancer. 7. Intratumoral injections of Nocardia rubra cell wall skeleton in hilar type lung cancer of man and Lewis lung carcinoma of mice]. PMID- 6520521 TI - [Symposium on treatment of cancer. Supplement 2. Differential sensitivities of long-term cultured cell lines derived from human haematopoietic malignancies to various anti-cancer drugs]. PMID- 6520522 TI - [Steroid production in nonfunctioning adrenal tumors]. PMID- 6520523 TI - [A case of fatal myocardial sarcoidosis]. PMID- 6520524 TI - [Uhl's anomaly: a case report and review of the literature]. PMID- 6520525 TI - [An anti-T3 autoantibody in a case of chronic thyroiditis associated with Sjogren syndrome and systemic lupus erythematosus]. PMID- 6520526 TI - [Case of giant cell arteritis associated with left subclavian artery stenosis- with special reference to differentiation from aortitis syndrome]. PMID- 6520527 TI - [A case of malignant histiocytosis with pleural effusion and ascites]. PMID- 6520528 TI - [A case of probable hypereosinophilic syndrome with a gastric lesion]. PMID- 6520529 TI - [Studies on lipoproteins and apoproteins in 2 pedigrees with homozygous familial hyperalphalipoproteinemia]. PMID- 6520530 TI - [A case of primary hyperparathyroidism (adenoma) associated with Albright's hereditary osteodystrophy]. PMID- 6520531 TI - [Three cases of bromide intoxication associated with unusual apparent hyperchloremia induced by long term abuse of Sedes A tablets]. PMID- 6520532 TI - [Improvements of gastrointestinal symptoms in a case of AA type amyloidosis by the combination therapy of prednisolone and dimethylsulfoxide]. PMID- 6520533 TI - [A case of an adult hemolytic uremic syndrome with typical bilateral renal cortical necrosis found at autopsy]. PMID- 6520534 TI - SB-646 revisited. PMID- 6520535 TI - The expert medical witness. PMID- 6520536 TI - A different perspective. PMID- 6520537 TI - The search for permanent resolution. PMID- 6520538 TI - Medical malpractice legislation: Kansas. PMID- 6520540 TI - Apolipoprotein E metabolism in normolipoproteinemic human subjects. AB - Human apolipoprotein E (apoE) is a constituent of plasma very low density and high density lipoproteins and is important in modulating the catabolism of remnants of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins. There are three common isoforms of apoE, designated apoE-2, E-3, and E-4, which are coded by three separate alleles (epsilon 2, epsilon 3, and epsilon 4) at a single genetic locus and inherited in the population in a co-dominant fashion. ApoE-3 is the predominant apoE isoform in the normolipidemic population, and epsilon 3 has been proposed to be the normal allele. ApoE-3 metabolism was studied in nine normolipidemic subjects homozygous for the epsilon 3 allele. In these subjects, the plasma apoE-3 concentration was 4.8 +/- 1.2 mg/dl (mean +/- SD), the plasma apoE-3 residence time was 0.73 +/- 0.18 days, and the plasma apoE-3 production rate was 3.4 +/- 1.5 mg/kg-day. The apoE in males, when compared to females, tended to have a shorter residence time (0.63 +/- 0.15 days versus 0.83 +/- 0.16), a higher production rate (4.20 +/- 1.73 mg/kg-days versus 2.60 +/- 0.78), but a similar plasma concentration (5.1 +/- 1.5 mg/dl versus 4.5 +/- 0.8). ApoE-3 had a more rapid catabolism from plasma than other apolipoproteins previously studied (apolipoproteins A-I, A-II, A-IV, B-100, C-II, and C-III) except for apolipoprotein B-48. The catabolism of apoE-3 in the individual lipoprotein subfractions was also examined and apoE was shown to be catabolized most rapidly from the VLDL and slowest from the HDL. The results of the kinetic analysis of apoE metabolism are consistent with apoE being important in the catabolism of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins and with HDL serving as a reservoir for apoE to reassociate with newly secreted triglyceride-rich lipoproteins. PMID- 6520539 TI - Uptake and processing of remnants of chylomicrons and very low density lipoproteins by rat liver. AB - In the rat, chylomicron remnants and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) remnants are taken up into the liver by high affinity processes and appear to undergo degradation by lysosomes. The relationship of this catabolic process to the known pathways of uptake and degradation of low density lipoproteins (LDL) and the involvement of nonparenchymal cells are addressed in these studies. We have utilized both light and electron microscopic radioautography to determine whether the pathway of intracellular transport and catabolism resembles that established for LDL in hepatocytes. Radioiodinated plasma VLDL remnants and lymph chylomicron remnants were injected into femoral veins of rats and the livers were fixed by perfusion 3 to 30 minutes later. Quantitative light microscopic radioautography showed little or no accumulation of grains over Kupffer cells. Electromicroscopic radioautography confirmed these observations and, in addition, demonstrated that very few grains were associated with endothelial cells. The processing of the remnant particles closely resembled that of LDL. Following an initial association of grains with the parenchymal cell plasma membrane, frequently in regions in close proximity to clathrin-coated endocytic pits, the grains were found in endocytic vesicles just beneath the plasma membrane. By 15 minutes the grains were found over multivesicular bodies located in the Golgi-lysosome region of the cell. Thirty minutes after injection, radioautographic grains began to be associated with secondary lysosomes. These data indicate no significant role for nonparenchymal cells in the internalization and subsequent degradation of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins, and provide evidence that the processing of remnants as well as LDL follows the classical pathway of receptor-mediated endocytosis. PMID- 6520541 TI - Evidence for a common high affinity binding site on glutathione S-transferase B for lithocholic acid and bilirubin. AB - Binding of lithocholic acid, bilirubin, and gossypol to glutathione S-transferase B (ligandin or transferase YaYc) was compared using four methods. Tryptophan quenching revealed a single high affinity site for bilirubin and gossypol but could not be used for lithocholic acid. Both displacement of the fluorescent probe, 1-anilino-8-naphthalenesulfonate, and spectral changes induced by bilirubin binding demonstrated a common high affinity site for which all three ligands compete. Similar results were obtained by equilibrium dialysis. The dissociation constants for the binding of both bilirubin and lithocholic acid were comparable with the various methods (range 0.2-0.7 microM). Thus, lithocholic acid and bilirubin share a high affinity binding site on gluthathione S-transferase B that appears to be separate from the binding site for substrates. PMID- 6520543 TI - Micellar properties of glycosphingolipids in aqueous media. AB - The aggregation properties of neutral glycosphingolipids and gangliosides were investigated by ultracentrifugal sedimentation and gel permeation chromatography. Initially, glycosphingolipids in buffer formed high molecular aggregates. On standing, the glycosphingolipids produced smaller and stable micelles in equilibrium with their monomers at the critical micellar concentration (cmc). The cmc's of monohexaosyl- to tetrahexaosylceramides were on the order of 10(-8) to 10(-7)M. In contrast, values of 10(-8)M for monosialogangliosides and 10(-6)-10( 5)M for di- and trisialogangliosides were found. From estimations of hydrodynamic radii, Svedberg coefficients, and partial specific volumes, relative masses of glycosphingolipid micelles were calculated to be in the range of 300 to 1000 for the neutral glycosphingolipids and 100 to 350 for the gangliosides. PMID- 6520542 TI - A novel mechanism by which probucol lowers low density lipoprotein levels demonstrated in the LDL receptor-deficient rabbit. AB - Treatment of low density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor-deficient rabbits (WHHL rabbits) with probucol (1% w/w in a chow diet) lowered their LDL-cholesterol levels by 36%, consonant with the reported effectiveness of the drug in patients deficient in the LDL receptor. Initial studies of LDL fractional catabolic rate (FCR) using 125I-labeled LDL prepared from the serum of untreated WHHL rabbits showed no difference between probucol-treated WHHL rabbits and untreated WHHL rabbits. When, however, 125I-labeled LDL was prepared from donor WHHL rabbits under treatment with probucol and injected back into them, the FCR was found to be increased by about 50% above that measured simultaneously using 131I-labeled LDL prepared from untreated WHHL donors. The labeled LDL from probucol-treated donors was also metabolized more rapidly than that from untreated donors when injected into untreated WHHL rabbits or into untreated wild-type New Zealand White rabbits. Finally, it was shown that rabbit skin fibroblasts in culture degraded labeled LDL prepared from probucol-treated WHHL rabbits more rapidly than that prepared from untreated WHHL donors. This was true both for normal rabbit fibroblasts and also for WHHL skin fibroblasts, although the absolute degradation rates in the latter were, of course, much lower for both forms of LDL. The data indicate that a major mechanism by which probucol lowers LDL levels relates not to changes in the cellular mechanisms for LDL uptake or to changes in LDL production but rather to intrinsic changes in the structure and metabolism of the plasma LDL of the probucol-treated animal.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6520544 TI - Epimerization of the four 3,7-dihydroxy bile acid epimers by human fecal microorganisms in anaerobic mixed cultures and in feces. AB - The conversion of 3,7-dihydroxy bile acids by anaerobic mixed cultures of intestinal microorganisms was studied in fecal samples from eight healthy adult males. Incubations using substrate chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) and ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) were performed simultaneously in separate microbial suspensions from the same fecal samples. A time course study was done on four samples, chosen randomly from the eight. In the incubation of CDCA, substrate CDCA always decreased rapidly in amount; UDCA increased in amount, as did 3 beta, 7 beta-dihydroxy-5 beta-cholanoic acid (3 beta, 7 beta) and 3 beta, 7 alpha dihydroxy-5 beta-cholanoic acid (3 beta, 7 alpha). In the incubation of UDCA, UDCA gradually decreased in amount; (3 beta, 7 beta), CDCA, and (3 beta, 7 alpha) increased gradually in amount. All reactions involved four epimers. After 48-72 hr UDCA was predominant and the reactions appeared to have reached equilibrium. In cultures from all eight samples, after 72-96 hr, a predominance of beta hydroxy configurations at 7-position and alpha-hydroxy configurations at 3 position was observed. To compare these bile acid compositions to those in feces, an in vivo study using nine subjects was carried out. Concurrent with the collection of feces, transit time of food through the gut was measured. In samples from five subjects, in which amounts of lithocholic acid (LCA) was small, four 3,7-dihydroxy epimers were found. In samples from the other four, however, CDCA, the predominant epimer in bile, had apparently been converted to LCA by 7 dehydroxylation, and four epimers were not always found. In contrast to the incubation study, UDCA was not always the predominant 3,7-dihydroxy epimer in the fecal study. This may have been due to the transit times, which averaged 26.4 +/- 8.9 SD hr, being much shorter than the time it took for the incubation reactions to reach equilibrium. PMID- 6520545 TI - Glycolipid accumulation in bronchoalveolar space in adult respiratory distress syndrome. AB - Surfactant lipids in the alveolar space are believed to play an important role in normal respiratory function. Although the surface-active phospholipids have been extensively studied, the possible role of glycolipids in the surfactant remains to be explored. We have studied the glycolipid composition of cell-free bronchoalveolar lavage from healthy subjects and from adult patients with respiratory distress syndrome. Glycolipids were barely detectable in bronchoalveolar lavage from healthy subjects. However, in adult respiratory distress syndrome, the amount of glycolipid relative to phospholipid was increased by more than twenty times. These lipids, identified as lactosylceramide (galactose-glucose-ceramide) and paragloboside (galactose-N-acetylglucosamine galactose-glucose-ceramide), may prove to be sensitive markers of lung injury. Since the glycolipids decreased the surface activity of surfactant in vitro, their potential role in the pathogenesis of adult respiratory distress syndrome should be considered. PMID- 6520546 TI - On chiasma formation point processes having the count location property. AB - The count-location (C-L) chiasma formation schemes introduced by Karlin and Liberman (1979b) encompass a broad class of map functions involving positive, negative or no chiasma interference. The C-L schemes do not explicitly assume a specific mechanism of crossover formation, but rather a statistical property of the process. If viewed as a stochastic point process along the chromosome, it is shown that a crossing over mechanism having the C-L property is actually a rescaled mixture of Poisson processes. Surprisingly it turns out that these C-L point processes involve negative interference throughout the entire genome. PMID- 6520547 TI - Delays in recruitment at different trophic levels: effects on stability. AB - Predator prey models in which there is a delay in recruitment in both species and only adults interact are formulated and studied. Stability results show that the length of delays in recruitment in the prey are more critical than the length of recruitment delays in the predator. Thus the destabilizing effect of recruitment delays may be less important in higher trophic levels than some single species models indicate. Variance in the recruitment delay is shown to be an important stabilizing influence. PMID- 6520548 TI - Population dynamics of killing parasites which reproduce in the host. AB - For a parasitic infection in human hosts a model is derived from basic assumptions on the population structure of the host, in particular mortality depending on age and parasite load, and on the reproduction and transmission of parasites. The model assumes the form of a system of partial differential equations. The paper contains proofs of local and global existence and existence and uniqueness of nontrivial stationary states, and a discussion of the relation to birth and death processes and other models for parasitic infections. PMID- 6520549 TI - The multiple baseline across subjects design: proposed use in research. AB - This paper examines the use of single-subject research methodology in clinical research. Specifically, the use of the multiple baseline design across subjects is discussed relative to its application to chiropractic research. Brief discussion of the history of the development of single-subject research methodology is presented along with discussions of its strengths and weaknesses, issues related to its use, and some of the fields in which it has been utilized. The multiple baseline design across subjects is described and explained and an illustrative example of its application to a field based chiropractic research problem is provided. Finally, the advantages of this methodology for a field such as chiropractic, largely dependent upon the scientist-practitioner model, are discussed. PMID- 6520550 TI - Psychophysiological factors in myofascial pain. AB - The interaction of the body and mind in stress syndromes; the input from the mind which influences the neurological functions regulating physiological responses; and the metabolic changes that result are discussed. Treatment direction is based on clinical experience and previously published theories. The synergistic effect of psychological and physiological treatment in stress syndromes is mandatory for permanent reduction of the negative feedback loop. Coordination of treatment by the physician and therapist is optimum. PMID- 6520551 TI - Ponticles of the atlas: a review and clinical perspective. AB - The condition of ponticles of the atlas was reviewed in relation to their development, anatomy, incidence and diagnosis with an objective directed toward assessment of their clinical significance. The ponticles are commonly encountered radiographic anomalies characterized by osseous bridging of the posterior margin of the superior articular facet and the posterior arch of the atlas. They are present to a variable degree in about 35% of dissections and a complete osseous ring enclosing the vertebral arteries is identifiable in up to 15% of cases. The ponticles have been considered a significant factor in transient vertebro-basilar insufficiency, Barre-Lieou syndrome and chronic upper cervical syndrome. The presence of atlantic ponticulus should be considered to some degree as a contraindication to forceful manipulation of the cervical spine. PMID- 6520552 TI - From the heart. Dedication speech for the Georgia Heart Clinic. PMID- 6520553 TI - Recruitment: for minority students by minority students. PMID- 6520554 TI - Withdrawing life support: a sound and sensitive opinion by the Georgia Supreme Court. PMID- 6520555 TI - Dollars and sense: teaching cost containment to medical students. PMID- 6520556 TI - Removing life support: a constitutional right. PMID- 6520557 TI - Helping patients cope: the role of the patient visitor in cancer care. PMID- 6520558 TI - Myocardial infarction in southern Thailand. PMID- 6520559 TI - Effect of heat in the phototherapy unit on the radiant flux. PMID- 6520560 TI - Congenital hypothyroidism: study of mental development. PMID- 6520561 TI - Neurilemmoma of ethmoidal sinuses: a case report. PMID- 6520562 TI - Acute suppurative thyroiditis in children: a case report. PMID- 6520563 TI - Tuberculous abscess of the liver with duodenal fistula. PMID- 6520564 TI - Medulloepithelioma (diktyoma) with glial differentiation. PMID- 6520565 TI - The urinary excretory pattern of nitrogenous wastes and electrolytes in normal Thai. PMID- 6520567 TI - Biological screening test for trichothecenes. PMID- 6520566 TI - The effect of orally administered androgens on sperm count and sperm motility. PMID- 6520568 TI - Adult hypophosphatemic osteomalacia: a case report. PMID- 6520569 TI - Congenital fistula of the right coronary artery to the left ventricle. Report of a case. PMID- 6520570 TI - Sarcoma of nerve sheath of head and neck. PMID- 6520571 TI - Copper infusion therapy in Menkes syndrome. PMID- 6520572 TI - Erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase activity in experimental dogs infected with hookworm. PMID- 6520573 TI - Surgical management of tennis elbow. PMID- 6520574 TI - Schistosomiasis survey in Phichit Province: a potential endemic area in northern Thailand. PMID- 6520575 TI - Pulmonary function study in normal Thai children; comparison of spirometric measurements using simple vitalor respirometer and standard spirometer. PMID- 6520576 TI - Infective endocarditis caused by nutritionally variant streptococcus: a case report. PMID- 6520577 TI - Bowenoid papulosis of the vulva: a case report. PMID- 6520578 TI - Nephrotic syndrome following a bee sting. PMID- 6520579 TI - Stimulus control and associative learning. AB - Interest in operant research on stimulus control has declined at the same time that much interest has burgeoned in nonoperant areas. Several examples of this shift toward traditional learning theory are considered, all of which have sponsored theoretical approaches that attempt to characterize the underlying associative units. These theoretical approaches are defended on the grounds that they have generated a deeper understanding of a variety of often puzzling phenomena. My projection is that future research will be determined even more strongly by theories about the structure of associations. Particular issues for which such discussion will have major impact include (1) whether conditional stimulus control is qualitatively different than simpler forms of stimulus control, (2) whether stimulus control is organized hierarchically, and (3) the origin of categories of stimulus equivalence. PMID- 6520581 TI - Infant visual responses to pattern: which metric predicts best? AB - Visual fixations were recorded in newborn, 4-, and 8-week old human infants as they scanned displays that varied along several dimensions. These displays were designed to evaluate four metrics that have been theorized to control infant visual preference: Contour length, size, number, and a new metric, CVAL, based on Contour Variability, Amount, and Location. This latter metric reflects characteristics of the visual system that other metrics ignore. Both contour length and CVAL separately accounted for approximately 95% of looking-duration variance, a much larger portion than the other metrics considered; however, CVAL accounted for more looking variance than contour length when the number of lines and contour length were deconfounded, and uniquely accommodated a large orientation effect. Finally, several predictions were confirmed about characteristics of visual scanning. Retinal structure and natural scanning dispositions should be considered in accounts of infants' reactions to visual stimuli. PMID- 6520582 TI - Memory and rehearsal characteristics of profoundly deaf children. AB - This study examined whether a deficiency in spontaneous strategy use accounts for deaf children's verbal short-term memory performance. Various colors were presented for 3 s each, followed by a 15-s recall delay. The delay was either unfilled, or subjects were induced to rehearse or were prevented from rehearsing. Sixty-four deaf students from oral and total communication settings, 5 to 15 years of age, were tested. The spontaneous rehearsal of both deaf samples seemed to emerge later than the hearing sample's, and it was both inefficiently implemented and less effective in mediating recall than hearing children's. However, when rehearsal was prevented or was induced in all samples, the deaf recalled as well as, or better than, the hearing. Implications discussed include the need to compare both spontaneous and controlled strategy use in developmental memory studies, and the need to provide additional training for deaf children in the strategies of remembering, as opposed to the content material. PMID- 6520580 TI - Rate dependency, behavioral mechanisms, and behavioral pharmacology. AB - Behavioral pharmacology has become increasingly independent of the experimental analysis of behavior. At its beginning, behavioral pharmacology was closely related to the experimental analysis of behavior, with developments in each field aiding the other. Early attempts to systematize data in behavioral pharmacology culminated with the development of the rate-dependency concept, but as this principle was found to have more limited generality than originally was hoped, a theoretical void developed. This circumstance was followed by increased reliance on pharmacological theory as a basis for experimentation and interpretation, with an attendant decrease in emphasis on environmental variables and behavioral interpretations. Lack of interplay between behavioral pharmacology and the experimental analysis of behavior is detrimental to both disciplines because each could contribute significantly to the other. The current trend might be reversed if more research were directed at elucidating behavioral mechanisms of drug action. PMID- 6520583 TI - Effects of sound frequency on behavioral and cardiac orienting in newborn and five-month-old infants. AB - Alert newborn and 5-month-old infants' responsivity to variations in spectral composition of a rattle sound was examined. Each child received four stimulus conditions: low-, mid-, and high-frequency bandpass-filtered rattles and an unfiltered broadband rattle. Stimuli were played through a single loudspeaker laterally positioned, and head orientation and cardiac responses to sound were recorded. Compared to other stimuli, the low-frequency sound elicited less head turning in both age groups, with this effect exaggerated in younger infants. Head orientation toward the mid-frequency, high-frequency, and broadband stimuli did not differ with age. For all conditions, latency and duration of newborns' head turning was longer than that of 5-month-olds. Newborns responded with cardiac deceleration only on trials when they failed to turn. When head turns occurred, an acceleratory cardiac response was obtained. Five-month-olds responded with reliable cardiac deceleration irrespective of head turning toward the sound. Heart rate change did not vary as a function of frequency at either age, suggesting that all stimuli were equally effective in eliciting the infant's attention. PMID- 6520584 TI - Area-matching strategies used by young children. AB - Across three studies, conditions were varied under which children aged 4-5 years matched the area of a rectangle with a given width (or height) to that of a square. In the first study, subjects observed the rectangle being changed in height from trial to trial and had access to their immediately preceding response. Under these conditions, rectangle width (the dimension under subject control) was a linear decreasing function of rectangle height. This function was interpreted as evidence for a hypothetical addition/subtraction strategy for maintaining equality in area between the comparison rectangle and the standard square. As a test of this hypothesis, in a second experiment the subjects were denied access to their immediately previous response, and in a third study they were also unable to observe the rectangle as it was altered by the experimenter between trials. The purpose of these changes was to remove the information necessary for readily implementing an addition/subtraction strategy. In both studies, area matches seemed to be based on a side-matching strategy, such that subjects matched one dimension of the rectangle to one side of the standard square. It was suggested that young children use different cues or strategies with different variants of the matching task because they do not possess a fixed, specific concept of area. PMID- 6520585 TI - Form and function in early communication: language and pointing gestures. AB - Pointing gestures of verbally advanced 2-year-olds were contrasted with those of less advanced peers, in order to examine the relationships of gesture to language during the acquisition of each. Hypotheses regarding the replacement of gestural functions by speech as verbal skills improve, regarding developmental correspondences between the two communicative domains, and regarding the independence of language acquisition from nonverbal developments were drawn from evolutionary, structuralist, and nativist viewpoints, respectively. Both formal and functional aspects of each communicative skill were measured, and were shown to be largely unrelated, particularly in the gestural domain. No evidence that language replaced gesture for communication in ontogeny was obtained. Correspondences between gesture and language occurred only between functional aspects of each, and the independence of developing language from gestural advances was suggested by the findings. PMID- 6520586 TI - Prior light alters the circadian clock in the chick pineal gland. AB - N-Acetyltransferase activity (NAT) exhibits a circadian rhythm in the pineal gland and retinas of chickens and is responsible for melatonin circadian rhythms. Chick pineal gland NAT was measured in vivo and/or in vitro after light-dark cycles and after pretreatments with short photoperiod, long photoperiod, and constant light. Prior lighting changed the shape (phase, amplitude, and duration) of the rhythm in vivo. Some of the alterations are "programmed" into the pineal gland because they were observed in vitro in pineal glands from chicks similarly exposed to lighting pretreatments. PMID- 6520587 TI - Circadian organization in Japanese quail. AB - Our recent studies have implicated both the eyes and pineal as major components of the circadian system of Japanese quail. We assessed the role of these organs by examining the effect of their removal on the circadian activity rhythm of quail exposed to either 24 hr light-dark (LD) cycles or to continuous darkness (DD). Removal of only the pineal had no effect on the activity rhythm of quail in either LD or DD. Blinding (by orbital enucleation) had a major effect under both LD and DD. One third of the blinded birds showed entrainment under LD although entrainment patterns were very variable, whereas two thirds of blinded birds were arrhythmic. All blinded plus pinealectomized birds were arrhythmic in LD as were all blinded and blinded plus pinealectomized birds in DD. Accordingly, effects of pinealectomy can be seen only when pinealectomy is combined with blinding. The fact that blinding disrupts circadian organization in both LD and DD indicates that the eyes must act as major components of the quail's circadian system. In view of the postulated role for melatonin, an indoleamine, in circadian systems, the eyes, pineal, and blood of quail were assayed for this compound. Robust daily rhythms in melatonin content were observed in all three tissues. The blood rhythm is due to secretion of melatonin into the vascular system by both the pineal and eyes. The ocular melatonin rhythm continued after sectioning of the optic nerve, was reentrainable to a shift in the phase of the LD cycle, and persisted for at least 2 days in DD. These data suggest that the eyes play a major role within the circadian system and support the hypothesis that circadian pacemakers may reside within the eyes of quail. The results are discussed in view of the findings of others in both quail and other avian species. A general model for circadian organization in birds is presented in which the eyes, the pineal, and the suprachiasmatic nuclei of the hypothalamus comprise major elements of a multioscillator circadian system. PMID- 6520588 TI - Hypotensive action of parathyroid hormone in chicken. AB - In a recent series of studies, the hypotensive action of parathyroid hormone (PTH) was demonstrated in several vertebrate species. In mammals, the mechanism of this direct action on specific vascular beds was studied. An increase in intracellular cyclic AMP and an inhibition of entry of extracellular calcium into the vascular tissue was correlated with the vasorelaxing action of PTH. In the present report, PTH was found to relax chicken mesenteric vessels in vitro in the presence or absence of constriction with concentrated potassium chloride (KCl). PTH produced dose-related inhibition of the chicken vessel constricted with 10, 20, 40, or 60 mM KCl. Extracellular calcium-dependent constriction of the chicken mesenteric artery was also decreased by PTH. An inhibitory effect was also observed with D600, a known calcium-entry inhibitor, in the above in vitro test systems. The low affinity lanthanum-resistant pool of calcium, which supposedly reflects the rate of calcium entry into cells, was also decreased by PTH in the control or KCl-stimulated chicken mesenteric artery. These data suggest that PTH may produce vasorelaxation in chicken mesenteric artery by inhibition of calcium entry into cells. This vessel from the chicken seems to have a high turnover rate of calcium and may be a good model for studying the effects of substances on calcium entry in vascular smooth muscle. PMID- 6520589 TI - Intragastrointestinal alcohol fermentation syndrome: report of two cases and review of the literature. PMID- 6520590 TI - Detection of ABO isoagglutinins in saliva using toluene. PMID- 6520591 TI - [Chronic paralateronasal swelling in young children]. PMID- 6520593 TI - [Malignant course of a tumor of the olfactory placode (the value of electron microscopy)]. PMID- 6520592 TI - [Surgical aspects of bony metastasis of the long bones originating from cancers of the ORL area]. PMID- 6520594 TI - [Total pharyngo-laryngo-esophagectomy with reestablishment of continuity by intestinal pull-up; apropos of 15 cases]. PMID- 6520595 TI - [Traumatic lesions of the ossicular chain; apropos of 31 cases]. PMID- 6520596 TI - [Personal experience in the surgical treatment by resection anastomosis of cicatricial tracheal stenosis]. PMID- 6520597 TI - [Laser therapy of granulomas and posterior synechiae]. PMID- 6520598 TI - [Mentosternal fistula--apropos of a case]. PMID- 6520599 TI - [Benign lympho-epithelial lesions of the parotid. Apropos of a case]. PMID- 6520600 TI - Abstracts of papers presented at the thirty-eighth annual meeting of the Society of General Physiologists. Woods Hole, Massachusetts, 6-9 September 1984. PMID- 6520601 TI - The gravireceptor of Phycomyces. Its development following gravity exposure. AB - The gravitropism of a mature stage IV Phycomyces sporangiophore has a shorter and more uniform latency if the sporangiophore is exposed horizontally to gravity during its earlier development (stage II and stage III). This early exposure to an altered gravitational orientation causes the sporangiophore to develop a gravireceptor as it matures to stage IV and resumes elongation. A technique has been developed to observe the spatial relationship between the vacuole and the protoplasm of a living sporangiophore and to show the reorganization caused by this exposure to altered gravity. Possible gravireceptor mechanisms are discussed. PMID- 6520602 TI - Mechanism of mycobacteriocin and Tween 80 mediated antimycobacterial activity. AB - Rapidly growing mycobacteria (14 species, 67 strains) showed a highly significant correlation between their susceptibility to smegmatocin (a Tween-hydrolysing esterase of Mycobacterium smegmatis exhibiting antimicrobial activity in the presence of Tween 80) and sensitivity to oleic acid (a hydrolysis product of Tween 80). Polyoxyethylenesorbitan ether, the other product of Tween 80 hydrolysis, also showed some toxic effect on smegmatocin-sensitive mycobacteria. From Mycobacterium diernhoferi ATCC 19340, a representative smegmatocin-sensitive strain, mutant strains with smegmatocin-resistant phenotypes were isolated. These mutants were more resistant to oleic acid than the parent strain, although their oleic acid resistance was somewhat lower than their smegmatocin resistance. PMID- 6520603 TI - Mycoplasma cavipharyngis, a new species isolated from the nasopharynx of guinea pigs. AB - Two mycoplasma strains isolated from the nasopharynx of guinea-pigs in two separate colonies were biochemically and serologically identical, and distinct from 80 Mycoplasma and Acholeplasma spp. One of them, strain 117C (NCTC 11700), is designated the type strain of a new species Mycoplasma cavipharyngis. PMID- 6520604 TI - Transhyphal electrical currents in fungi. AB - Representative mycelial fungi from the phycomycete, ascomycete and basidiomycete groups (Achlya bisexualis, Neurospora crassa, Aspergillus nidulans, Schizophyllum commune and Coprinus cinereus) all generated steady electrical currents around their hyphal tips; the generation of a transhyphal ion current may therefore be a universal characteristic of hyphal growth. As with all other tip growing organisms, positive current always entered apically and left distally; non growing hyphae did not drive transcellular currents. The current density, measured approximately 30 micron from the membrane surface at the hyphal tips, varied between 0.05 and 0.06 microA cm-2 in different fungi and tended to be larger in wider, rapidly extending hyphae than in thinner, slow growing hyphae. The possibility that these currents serve to localize growth at the apex is discussed. PMID- 6520606 TI - Student section of impaired professional program established. PMID- 6520605 TI - A post-traumatic headache. PMID- 6520607 TI - Management of neonatal respiratory distress in Level I and II hospitals. PMID- 6520608 TI - Milk-alkali syndrome: unusual today but not forgotten. PMID- 6520609 TI - Copy cats. PMID- 6520610 TI - Photoreceptors and visual interneurons in the medicinal leech. AB - The medicinal leech has five pairs of eyes, each with about 50 photoreceptors. Receptors produce propagating impulses which constitute their output to second order neurons in the CNS. Within the eye, receptors have diverse thresholds, and thus the aggregate output of the eye is graded with light intensity. By having many receptors in parallel, the eye may achieve better intensity discrimination and temporal response than would be predicted from the relatively poor characteristics of individual receptors. Receptors in eyes 3-5 on one side of the animal excite the ipsilateral LV (lateral visual) cell, an interneuron in the first segmental ganglion. By physiological tests the receptor axons are electrically coupled to the LV cell. Moreover, the LV cell is Lucifer Yellow dye coupled to many fine fibers that appear to be receptor axons of the ipsilateral eyes 3-5. The receptors of the contralateral eyes 3-5, and those of the photosensitive sensilla lining the body inhibit the LV cell via polysynaptic pathways. Thus, the LV cells are central elements of the neural circuit processing input from the leech's spatially distributed visual system. PMID- 6520611 TI - Dorsal unpaired median neurons of the cockroach metathoracic ganglion. AB - On the dorsal surface in the metathoracic ganglion of the cockroach Periplaneta americana, eight large and a number of small somata described by Crossman et al., (1971) were reexamined. These eight large cells (40-60 micron in diameter) could be divided into three different types by Lucifer yellow or nickel injection, depending on the branching of their axons. No neuron was found which sent axons into either the anterior or posterior connectives. In the mesothoracic ganglion an interganglionic H-shaped DUM neuron was found which had four axons, one into each anterior and posterior connective. PMID- 6520612 TI - Juvenile dystonic lipidosis (variant of Niemann-Pick disease type C). AB - In two siblings affected with dementia, epilepsy and vertical supranuclear ophthalmoplegia, foam cells and sea-blue histiocytes were found in the bone marrow. Electron microscopy of skin and neuromuscular biopsies gave presumptive evidence in favour of a storage disorder. Postmortem examination of both cases revealed an intraneuronal polymorphous lysosomal storage in the central nervous system (in the cortex and in many nuclei e.g. the substantia nigra and the reticular formation of the brain stem). In the visceral organs with the spleen most severely affected, the inclusions had a different ultrastructure, being composed of tightly apposed leaflets. The biochemical study revealed accumulation of sphingomyelin and other lipids in liver and spleen, with normal sphingomyelinase activities, which is consistent with the diagnosis of Niemann Pick disease type C. In the brain, the most striking abnormalities involved the glycolipids. Sphingomyelinase activities were unchanged in cultivated skin fibroblasts. These data compared with those of reported cases, allowed the following conclusions to be made: (1) although the combination of clinical features appears to be unique, none of them, when considered separately, is pathognomonic for juvenile dystonic lipidosis; (2) diagnosis during life can be suggested by careful examination of nerve bundles and fibroblasts with the electron microscope, although the method of choice appears to be the study of bone marrow; but final assessment of the diagnosis, in the absence of demonstrable enzymic deficiency, requires in most cases a study of the lipid profile in a liver biopsy (or better, spleen tissue whenever available); (3) the intralysosomal storage is different, both morphologically and biochemically, in the central nervous system and in the spleen; (4) juvenile dystonic lipidosis represents a juvenile variant of Niemann-Pick disease type C, pending the discovery of the primary defect responsible for this disorder. PMID- 6520613 TI - Ontogenetic aspects of changes in muscular potentials at medial gastrocnemius muscles of dystrophic mice due to prolonged stimulation. AB - Changes in muscular potentials at medial gastrocnemius (MG) muscles induced by prolonged stimulation at 5 Hz were compared in dystrophic mice and their normal littermates at various ages. A rapid and notable reduction in the amplitude of muscular potentials at MG muscles was observed in normal mice. This was in contrast with a slight decrease or even an increase in the amplitude in dystrophic mice. The magnitude of reduction in normal mice increased with age, but in dystrophic mice where the change (a decrease or even an increase) was slight, it was similar in extent regardless of age. The slight change in dystrophic mice under the present regimen would be called a fatigue, resistant like property, and this was discussed in conjunction with analogous properties observed in electrophysiological, histological and biochemical fields. PMID- 6520614 TI - Infection of rat brain primary cell cultures with an avirulent A7 strain of Semliki Forest virus. AB - The ability of A7 Semliki Forest Virus (SFV) to infect primary brain cell cultures has been examined using cultures prepared from 1-2-day neonatal rat cerebral hemispheres. These cultures, characterised immunocytochemically using cell-specified markers, contain mainly GFAP+ protoplasmic astrocytes and smaller multiprocessed A2B5+ cells, probably fibrous astrocytes. 10% of the cells are GC+ oligodendrocytes and some neurones are also present. These cultures support virus growth and a cytopathic effect was observed. Using double labelling techniques with the cell-specific markers and anti-SFV antibody A7 has been shown to readily infect cells which carry either the A2B5+ antigen or galactocerebroside marker. Protoplasmic astrocytes (GFAP+/A2B5-) are not readily infected under the conditions used. The protein labelling studies using [35S]methionine show that host cell protein synthesis is not completely shut off and continues in the astrocyte protein region. These results suggest that cells derived from a common A2B5+, GFAP-, GC- progenitor glial cell, i.e. GC+ oligodendrocytes and A2B5+/GFAP+ fibrous astrocytes, are more readily infected than other brain cell types including the protoplasmic astrocytes. PMID- 6520615 TI - Exciting prospects in neurology. PMID- 6520616 TI - Neurological complications of Gronblad-Strandberg syndrome. AB - Neurological complications resulting from pronounced cerebrovascular changes were observed in a 59-year-old female suffering from Gronblad-Strandberg syndrome. In addition to typical skin changes of the pseudoxanthoma elasticum and ocular alterations (exudative macular degeneration and angioid streaks) there were an unusual number of disturbed endocrinological functions. The ophthalmological findings revealed characteristic breaks in Bruch's membrane, proliferation of chorioidal vessels into the subretinal space, hyperplasia of retinal pigment epithelium and disciform macular degeneration. Postmortem examination of the brain showed multiple cerebral infarcts due to recurrent disturbances in cerebral blood supply and particularly pronounced changes in the elastica interna of many cerebral arteries. Although the observed neurological signs in our patient were not characteristic of Gronblad-Strandberg syndrome, the histopathological findings led to the assumption that the same basic mechanisms result in alterations of elastic fibres and collagen, mainly in the ocular-cerebral system. PMID- 6520617 TI - Leigh's syndrome in an adult. AB - A 55-year-old man with a subacute onset of slurred speech, ataxia, nystagmus, extrapyramidal rigidity, decreased tendon reflexes, vomiting, bilateral optic atrophy, and clonic jerks died of bronchopneumonia and respiratory failure. Neuropathological examination showed lesions characteristic of subacute necrotizing encephalopathy. Clinicopathological observations of reported cases of Leigh's syndrome in the adult are reviewed. PMID- 6520618 TI - Improvement of ataxia in alcoholic cerebellar atrophy through alcohol abstinence. AB - Postural instability was measured and short, medium and long latency EMG responses to angular displacement of the ankle were recorded from leg muscles in a group of 17 alcoholics who presented with clinical signs of cerebellar atrophy of the anterior lobe. Recordings were performed twice (average interval 18.5 months) to determine the effects of continued drinking versus abstinence on the signs of the cerebellar damage. Patients who were abstinent (n = 11) exhibited a significant, sometimes dramatic decrease of body sway whereas patients who continued drinking (n = 6) showed increased body sway when the eyes were closed. Short and medium latency EMG responses were unaltered in both groups of patients. The integral of the long latency response of the antagonist tended to increase with continued abuse and to decrease in abstinent patients. PMID- 6520619 TI - Neuromuscular involvement in primary hyperparathyroidism. AB - Sixteen consecutive patients with primary hyperparathyroidism (HPT) were examined by a combination of electrophysiological, morphological and biochemical measurements. Six patients had, preoperatively, subjective impairment of neuromuscular function. Three of them were improved by the normalization of parathyroid function after surgery. In the other patients, who either had vague symptoms or appeared to be asymptomatic, the operation did not cause subjective changes in their neuromuscular function during a 3-month follow-up period. Altogether seven patients, three of whom had symptoms, had impairment of the neuromuscular transmission as evaluated by the single-fibre EMG technique. The changes were of slight degree and unlikely to be of clinical importance. Two patients had a slightly reduced nerve conduction velocity and in two cases moderate abnormalities were found in muscle biopsy specimens. In conclusion, the muscular weakness reported by HPT patients did not seem to be caused by disturbance of neuromuscular transmission. HPT patients who preoperatively were apparently asymptomatic did not have defects of their neuromuscular transmission that were of clinical significance. PMID- 6520621 TI - Appearance of tuberculoma during the course of TB meningitis. AB - A patient with tuberculous meningitis is described, who developed brainstem tuberculoma after 7 months of adequate drug therapy and while improving satisfactorily. The possible factors resulting in the development of tuberculoma are discussed. The tuberculoma responded to the medical therapy. Tuberculoma should be looked for if the condition of the patient worsens or if the patient develops new neurological signs during the course of TB meningitis. PMID- 6520620 TI - BAEP abnormalities in tardive dyskinesia. AB - To evaluate brainstem dysfunction, brainstem auditory-evoked potentials (BAEPs) were recorded in 13 patients with tardive dyskinesia. Only patients under 60 years of age were included because of the spontaneous dyskinetic syndromes that frequently occur in elderly persons. Clinical assessment was performed with the Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale (AIMS). BAEP measurements were taken in order to detect lesions in the brainstem. In 14 of 26 pathways (13 patients), abnormalities in the BAEPs were found which corresponded well to lesions found in former neuropathological reports of patients with tardive dyskinesia. The functional disturbance causing abnormal BAEPs may be an expression of structural brain changes in tardive dyskinesia patients. PMID- 6520622 TI - Case report: organic brain syndrome due to multiple tumour emboli. AB - A case of rapid neurological deterioration in a 60-year-old man with oesophageal carcinoma is reported. He suffered two episodes of global cerebral dysfunction following traumatic endoscopic manipulation. Autopsy findings showed multiple tumour emboli which occluded medium and small-sized vessels in cortical and subcortical areas, resulting in multiple microinfarcts. PMID- 6520623 TI - Muscle hypertrophy and a syndrome of continuous motor unit activity in prednisone responsive Guillain-Barre polyneuropathy. AB - The clinical, electrophysiological and morphological findings (light and electron microscopy of the sural nerve and gastrocnemius muscle) are reported in an unusual case of Guillain-Barre polyneuropathy with an association of muscle hypertrophy and a syndrome of continuous motor unit activity. Fasciculation, muscle stiffness, cramps, myokymia, impaired muscle relaxation and percussion myotonia, with their electromyographic accompaniments, were abolished by peripheral nerve blocking, carbamazepine, valproic acid or prednisone therapy. Muscle hypertrophy, which was confirmed by morphometric data, diminished 2 months after the beginning of prednisone therapy. Electrophysiological and nerve biopsy findings revealed a mixed process of axonal degeneration and segmental demyelination. Muscle biopsy specimen showed a marked predominance and hypertrophy of type-I fibres and atrophy, especially of type-II fibres. PMID- 6520624 TI - Haloperidol in hemichorea-hemiballismus. PMID- 6520626 TI - Transient global amnesia: a presentation of subarachnoid haemorrhage. PMID- 6520625 TI - Lymphocytic meningoradiculitis of Bannwarth and erythema migrans disease. PMID- 6520627 TI - Analysis of rhythmical jaw movements produced by electrical stimulation of motor sensory cortex of rabbits. AB - The anterolateral regions of the cerebral cortex of rabbits anesthetized with urethan were stimulated with either short trains of electrical pulses at high frequency (3 pulses, 500 Hz) or 10-s trains of shocks at 50 Hz. The movements of the mandible and the electromyographic (EMG) activity from the muscles of mastication were recorded on magnetic tape and later analyzed by computer. Two basic types of responses are reported: twitches of the digastric muscles that followed the stimulus at short-latency (4-6.7 ms) and rhythmical masticatory movements that could only be evoked by prolonged stimulation. The cortical representations of the short-latency twitch contractions and mastication overlap. Different masticatory patterns are represented in separate areas of the cortex. The movements represented in the anteromedial half of the masticatory area are made mainly in the vertical plane, whereas stimulation of the posterolateral part produces movements in which the jaw swings to the contralateral side during closure. Increases in stimulus intensity usually increase the frequency of the movements, but other changes in the pattern depend on the site of stimulation. The rhythmical bursts of EMG activity often contain stimulus-bound short-latency responses but, since these are not always present, we conclude that they are not essential components of the masticatory pattern. We suggest that the basic patterns of mastication are elaborated by brain stem circuits that are themselves controlled by specific regions of the motor-sensory cortex. PMID- 6520628 TI - Direction and orientation selectivity of neurons in visual area MT of the macaque. AB - We recorded from single neurons in the middle temporal visual area (MT) of the macaque monkey and studied their direction and orientation selectivity. We also recorded from single striate cortex (V1) neurons in order to make direct comparisons with our observations in area MT. All animals were immobilized and anesthetized with nitrous oxide. Direction selectivity of 110 MT neurons was studied with three types of moving stimuli: slits, single spots, and random-dot fields. All of the MT neurons were found to be directionally selective using one or more of these stimuli. MT neurons exhibited a broad range of direction-tuning bandwidths to all stimuli (minimum = 32 degrees, maximum = 186 degrees, mean = 95 degrees). On average, responses were strongly unidirectional and of similar magnitude for all three stimulus types. Orientation selectivity of 89 MT neurons was studied with stationary flashed slits. Eighty-three percent were found to be orientation selective. Overall, orientation-tuning bandwidths were significantly narrower (mean = 64 degrees) than direction-tuning bandwidths for moving stimuli. Moreover, responses to stationary-oriented stimuli were generally smaller than those to moving stimuli. Direction selectivity of 55 V1 neurons was studied with moving slits; orientation selectivity of 52 V1 neurons was studied with stationary flashed slits. In V1, compared with MT, direction-tuning bandwidths were narrower (mean = 68 degrees). Moreover, V1 responses to moving stimuli were weaker, and bidirectional tuning was more common. The mean orientation-tuning bandwidth in V1 was also significantly narrower than that in MT (mean = 52 degrees), but the responses to stationary-oriented stimuli were of similar magnitude in the two areas. We examined the relationship between optimal direction and optimal orientation for MT neurons and found that 61% had an orientation preference nearly perpendicular to the preferred direction of motion, as is the case for all V1 neurons. However, another 29% of MT neurons had an orientation preference roughly parallel to the preferred direction. These observations, when considered together with recent reports claiming sensitivity of some MT neurons to moving visual patterns (39), suggest specific neural mechanisms underlying pattern-motion sensitivity in area MT. These results support the notion that area MT represents a further specialization over area V1 for stimulus motion processing. Furthermore, the marked similarities between direction and orientation tuning in area MT in macaque and owl monkey support the suggestion that these areas are homologues. PMID- 6520629 TI - Saccade-related neurons in cat superior colliculus: pandirectional movement cells with postsaccadic responses. AB - The superior colliculus is known to contain cells discharging before saccadic eye movements as well as cells responding to sensory stimuli. In this study extracellular single unit recordings were made in the alert trained cat with the head fixed. A novel type of eye movement-related response was found in 9% (32/344) of the cells recorded. These cells differ from previously reported eye movement-related neurons in the timing of their discharge, which accompanies but does not precede saccades. The timing of discharge varies across units from less than 10 ms after the onset of eye movement to as much as 80 ms. Comparable latencies were found regardless of whether saccades were directed contralateral or ipsilateral to the recording site. Most units have an abrupt onset of discharge, but some show a very gradual increase in discharge rate. Most cells (69% or 22/32) discharged with equal vigor for all saccades, regardless of direction. The remainder tended to show higher-frequency bursts when saccades were directed contralaterally, but even these units were not encoding saccade direction by their pattern of discharge. Thus the discharge pattern could be summarized as an omnidirectional burst. For the vast majority of cells (81% or 26/32) the duration of discharge did not correlate with the duration of eye movement. The same pattern of firing was seen with saccades in light and in complete darkness. Thus the saccade-related discharge was not due to changes in visual stimulation during saccades. A minority of the units (15% or 5 of 32) that discharged with but not before saccades also responded to visual stimuli in the absence of eye movements. Saccade-related activity was dependent on alertness of the cat, as measured by behavioral performance and EEG. The close temporal association between saccades and unit discharge disappeared during drowsiness. These units could be reflecting either proprioceptive or corollary discharge signals to the superior colliculus. However, their response properties differ somewhat from those found in previous studies of proprioceptive inputs to the colliculus. Such differences could be due to the effects of the anesthetics that were used in studies of proprioceptive responses. Alternatively, the cells reported here could be conveying a corollary discharge signal. These cells occurred in patches or clusters. This is consistent with a wealth of anatomic data indicating a modular organization of the colliculus. PMID- 6520630 TI - Swallow-evoked action potentials in vagal preganglionic efferents. AB - Swallow-evoked potentials in the preganglionic vagal fibers were studied using the single-fiber recording technique in anesthetized opossums. Swallows were evoked by tactile pharyngeal stimulation or electrical stimulation of the cut central end of the superior laryngeal nerve (SLN). Swallowing activity was recorded by the mylohyoid electromyogram and esophageal motility. Sixty-six fibers were studied in which swallowing evoked action potentials. The latencies (from the onset of mylohyoid activity) of evoked responses in different fibers varied from 100 ms to 5 s. The discharge rate of the evoked response was 3-8 action potentials per burst. Each burst lasted 1.1 +/- 0.02 (SE)s. The latencies of evoked spike bursts showed a bimodal distribution. In 34 fibers the latencies were less than 1 s, and in 32 fibers the latencies ranged between 1 and 5 s; these are the short- and long-latency fibers, respectively. Short-latency fibers could easily be distinguished from long-latency fibers based on the influence of SLN-stimulus frequency. Short-latency discharges had low thresholds of activation and were sensitive to changes in the frequency of SLN stimulation, since their latencies decreased and their discharge rate increased with increasing SLN stimulus frequency. On the other hand, the latencies and discharge rates of long latency discharges were not modified with changing SLN stimulus frequencies. The conduction velocities of 6 short- and 9 long-latency fibers were 5.64 +/- 0.12 and 5.78 +/- 0.12 (SE) m/s, respectively (P greater than 0.05). The relationship between the latencies of swallow-evoked discharges in the short- and long-latency fibers and the esophageal smooth muscle responses suggested that the short latency discharges may correlate with the latency of initial inhibition, and the long-latency fibers may correlate with latencies of peristaltic contractions. Based on these temporal relationships, we speculate that vagal efferent fibers showing swallow-evoked, short-latency discharges make contact with intramural inhibitory neurons. They may mediate deglutitive inhibition in the body of the esophagus, relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter, and receptive relaxation of the fundus of the stomach. The fibers showing late discharges make contact with intramural excitatory neurons and participate in their sequential activation. This dual pathway of activation may be responsible for physiological esophageal peristalsis. PMID- 6520631 TI - Spatial filter characteristics of optic nerve fibers in California ground squirrel (Spermophilus beecheyi). AB - The spatial response properties of single optic nerve fibers in the California ground squirrel (Spermophilus beecheyi) were investigated. Results are reported for each of several response classes. Resolution limits determined for 165 spectrally nonopponent optic nerve fibers ranged from 0.1 to 4.2 cycles/degree (c/d), with a mean resolution limit of 1.49 c/d. Directionally selective units possessed the highest resolution limits (mean = 1.91 c/d.) Sustained and transient units possessed mean resolution limits of 1.44 and 1.09 c/d, respectively. The correlation between response and sensitivity measures of spatial tuning was examined for 29 units. Optimal spatial frequency and spatial frequency bandwidth estimates derived from the two measures were highly correlated. As measured from response functions, optimal spatial frequencies of 97 spectrally nonopponent units ranged from 0.1 to 2.2 c/d (mean = 0.44 c/d). Directionally selective units possessed the highest optimal spatial frequencies (mean = 0.60 c/d). Mean optimal spatial frequencies for sustained and transient units were 0.32 and 0.27 c/d, respectively. Mean half-amplitude response bandwidth for 96 optic nerve fibers was 2.80 octaves. Directionally selective units were narrowly tuned, possessing a mean half-amplitude bandwidth of 1.99 octaves. Sustained and transient units had mean half-amplitude response bandwidths of 3.56 and 2.80 octaves, respectively. The response bandwidths of directionally selective optic nerve fibers were highly negatively correlated with optimal spatial frequency; no significant correlation between these measures existed for sustained or transient units. Peak contrast sensitivity in 88 optic nerve fibers ranged from 3.0 to 55.0. Mean contrast sensitivity was 16.7 and did not differ between fiber response classes. Peak contrast sensitivity was not correlated with optimal spatial frequency. Poststimulus time histograms of unit responses to sinusoidal luminance modulation revealed that some sustained units modulate their discharge rates around spontaneous levels and show predominant Fourier amplitude at the fundamental frequency. Transient units possess low levels of spontaneous discharge and respond abruptly to the passage of grating half-cycles, resulting in a characteristically dispersed spectrum of Fourier amplitude. Directionally selective units respond to sinusoidal luminance gratings with an elevation of maintained firing rate and possess moderate Fourier amplitudes corresponding to the fundamental and second harmonic frequencies.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6520632 TI - Directional filter characteristics of optic nerve fibers in California ground squirrel (Spermophilus beecheyi). AB - Directional units in the optic nerve of the California ground squirrel (Spermophilus beecheyi) were studied with respect to their response to diffuse light, preferred directions of motion, tuning for preferred direction, the relationship between spatial and directional tuning characteristics, and receptive-field size and areal summating properties. Directional units in the ground squirrel optic nerve are of the "on-off" type. No purely on or off units were encountered in a sample of 356 directionally selective fibers. The distribution of preferred directions of image motion for 356 units was significantly anisotropic; greater than 50% of the directional units prefer motion in the direction of the superior-nasal visual quadrant. Mean directional bandwidth, measured at half-amplitude response, for 39 units was 88.5 degrees. The distribution of directional bandwidths suggests that two subpopulations of directional units may exist a broadly tuned (106.4 degrees bandwidth) group preferring image motion in the superior-nasal direction, and a narrowly tuned group (59.9 degrees bandwidth) with a uniform distribution of preferred direction. Tuning for direction of motion and for spatial frequency were significantly positively correlated in a sample of 35 directional units. Area-vs. response measures for directional units show that they possess excitatory discharge centers with a concentric antagonistic surround, plus a larger suppressive surround activated specifically by moving luminance contours, which may be asymmetric. Critical activation areas for directional units, as measured along orthogonal orientations, were highly positively correlated. This suggests that these receptive fields possess the property of linear spatial summation, not of luminance flux, but of areas of moving luminance contours. PMID- 6520633 TI - Two visual corticotectal systems in cat. AB - By using the method of cortical cooling we were able to deactivate specific regions of cortex and demonstrate that there are two functionally separate visual projections to the superior colliculus (SC): one from area 17-18 and one from posterior regions of the suprasylvian cortex (PSSC). Deactivation of area 17-18 depressed the activity of nearly all of the superficial lamina cells in the SC that were binocular and directionally selective. The receptive-field properties of those cells still capable of responding to visual stimuli were altered significantly so that 1) moving stimuli became poorly effective, while stationary flashed stimuli became relatively more effective; 2) directional selectivity and binocularity were minimized or eliminated; 3) the characteristic spatial summation, inhibition, and suppressive surround of the SC-receptive field were compromised; and 4) the range of effective stimulus velocities was altered. However, deep lamina cells were unaffected by the cooling of area 17-18. Deactivation of the PSSC affected deep lamina SC cells in the same way that the cooling of area 17-18 affected cells in superficial layers. Apparently there are two functional visual corticotectal systems that are largely independent of each other: one from area 17-18 (to superficial SC cells) and one from the PSSC (to deep SC cells). Both are critically important for maintaining the excitability and complex receptive-field properties of their target cells in the SC. The only exception to the complete segregation of their influences was the ability of the PSSC to affect slightly the general level of excitability of some superficial lamina cells. A small population of SC cells receiving a tonic inhibitory corticotectal influence was also located. This influence was apparent as an increase in excitability and receptive-field complexity of cells in superficial layers when area 17-18 was cooled, and of deep lamina cells when the PSSC was cooled. The presence of separate visual corticotectal influences on superficial and deep lamina SC cells is consistent with the distinct identities of these subdivisions of the SC and their different functional roles. PMID- 6520634 TI - Morphological correlates of physiologically identified Y-, X-, and W-cells in cat retina. AB - The action spike activities of single ganglion cells were recorded from the nasal retina of the intact eye of anesthetized and immobilized cats. Each ganglion cell was identified as a Y-, X-, or W-cell on the basis of its axonal conduction velocity, its receptive-field properties, and the level of maintained activity. Of about 100 ganglion cells physiologically identified and penetrated with horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-containing glass microelectrodes, 21 cells were subsequently identified in flat-mount preparations of the retinas and processed for detection of HRP. Of a total of nine Y-cells recovered, four had been penetrated at the soma and five at the axon. All had the morphology of the alpha cell of Boycott and Wassle. Eight X-cells recovered. All had been penetrated at the soma and showed beta-cell morphology. Four W-cells were penetrated at the soma and recovered. Two off-tonic W-cells had small somas (15-16 micron in diam) and sparse dendritic fields, resembling gamma-cells of Boycott and Wassle. They are also similar to "G4" and "G18" of Kolb et al.'s classification. One on-tonic W-cell had somewhat larger soma (18 micron) with a relatively densely branched dendritic field. This corresponds to delta-cell of Boycott and Wassle or to "G15" of Kolb et al. One on-off phasic W-cell had a medium-sized soma (25.3 micron) with a fanlike dendritic expansion characteristic of the "unilateral horizontal broad range cell" of Shkolnik-Yarros or of "G22" of Kolb et al. Alternatively, all these W-cells can be called medium-sized gamma-cells. Among all three classes of ganglion cells, a positive correlation was found between the diameter of the receptive-field center and the dendritic field. Assuming that in the cat retina 1 degree of visual angle = 230 micron, dendritic fields of Y-cells seemed larger than their physiologically determined receptive-field centers. By contrast, the reverse relation was found between these two dimensions in X-cells. Axon diameters ranged from 4.0 to 5.6 micron (mean, 4.5 micron) in Y-cells and from 1.9 to 2.7 micron (mean, 2.2 micron) in X-cells. Three W-cells showed axon diameters of 0.6, 1.1, and 1.8 micron. The axon diameter distributions made from axons labeled by massive injections of HRP into the optic nerve fiber layer showed a pattern of distribution similar to that obtained from physiologically identified Y-, X-, and W-cell axons. PMID- 6520635 TI - Electroretinogram measurements of cone spectral sensitivity in dichromatic monkeys. AB - The corneal electroretinogram (ERG) was used to investigate the spectral sensitivities of cones in 12 dichromatic squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus) whose color-vision capacities were established in behavioral tests. Three different varieties of dichromacy were represented among these animals. A flicker photometric procedure was used in which the ERG response to a rapidly flickering monochromatic test light was compared with the response elicited by a similarly flickering reference light. The spectral-sensitivity functions obtained by the use of this technique are similar to previous estimates of cone spectral sensitivity in dichromatic squirrel monkeys derived from direct microspectrophotometric measurements. PMID- 6520636 TI - The chronically mentally ill. PMID- 6520638 TI - [85th general meeting of the Otorhinolaryngological Society of Japan. Tokyo, Japan, 18-20 May 1984. Abstracts]. PMID- 6520637 TI - Popliteal artery injury associated with knee dislocation. PMID- 6520639 TI - [The study of host defense mechanisms of the nose. Second report: The influence of the nasal obstruction on the production of local antibodies and on the nasal defense mechanisms against infection]. PMID- 6520640 TI - [Role of mucus and cilia on dysfunction in nasal mucociliary transportation in chronic sinusitis]. PMID- 6520641 TI - [Fungal infection of nasal and paranasal cavity]. PMID- 6520642 TI - [Studies on some basic problems of computer analysis of ENG examinations]. PMID- 6520643 TI - [Morphological changes of the afferent and efferent nerve endings of the outer hair cells after acoustic exposure]. PMID- 6520645 TI - [Observation of the vocal fold tissue by means of acoustic microscopy--artifacts of egg albumin on the acoustic image and their detection]. PMID- 6520644 TI - [A simple cold caloric test]. PMID- 6520646 TI - [Clinical anatomy of pterygopalatine fossa]. PMID- 6520647 TI - From where comes the osteoclast? PMID- 6520648 TI - Paranodal tumour in breast cancer: extranodal extension versus vascular spread. AB - A detailed histological study of the axillary nodes from 98 breast carcinoma patients, in which 5 and 10 year follow-up data was available, has been undertaken. The presence of tumour cells in efferent vessels appears to be the only factor which is a marker of poor prognosis. Contrary to previous reports the direct infiltration of tumour cells through the nodal capsule into perinodal fat and connective tissue is of no prognostic significance. Distinction between site and type of tumour growth within nodes is thus essential for prognostic evaluation. PMID- 6520649 TI - Ischaemic changes in human mesenteric lymph nodes. AB - Lymph node lesions attributable to ischaemia are described in the mesenteric nodes from 10 patients with volvulus of the small and large bowel. Frank infarction, the microanatomy of which differs from that seen in superficial lymph nodes, is one of the nodal lesions evoked by ischaemia. Two others in the form of lymphocyte depletion and capsular hypervascularity also appear to result from vascular occlusion. These three lesions were also found in nodes associated with 'primary' venous and arterial infarction of the bowel mucosa, but not in non vascular diseases of the small bowel or colon. The enhanced frequency of infarction in volvulus with mucosal necrosis, as opposed to cases with 'primary' vascular thromboses suggest that ischaemic lymph node changes are more frequent when several sets of vessels are occluded. Distension of lymph node sinuses, erythrocyte extravasation, and dilatation of small intranodal vessels were not restricted to vascular cases, and appear to be less specific reactions to ischaemia. The range of ischaemia-induced reactions is wider than has hitherto been recognized in human lymph nodes. PMID- 6520650 TI - Focal lymphocytic thyroiditis in Southampton. AB - The presence of focal collections of lymphocytes within the thyroid gland has been associated with autoimmune thyroiditis. In a prospective study 197 thyroid glands were examined from post mortems performed in two Southampton hospitals over a 12 month period. The mean thyroid mass was 19.5 g in women and 22.2 g in men. Varying degrees of focal lymphocytic thyroiditis were present in 54 per cent of women and 24 per cent of men. Morphometry showed that on average less than 4 per cent of the gland was infiltrated by lymphocytes. There was no significant relationship with age. A possible association between focal lymphocytic thyroiditis and circulating thyroid autoantibodies has been shown. PMID- 6520651 TI - Histogenesis of adenomatoid tumour associated to pseudofibromatous periorchitis in an infant with hydrocele. AB - An 18-month-old infant with recurrent congenital hydrocele presented with a mass in the caput epididymis. The tumour and several fragments of the tunica vaginalis were removed and studied by light and electron microscopy. The tumour showed the characteristic histological pattern of an adenomatoid tumour of mesothelial origin. The histological appearance of the tunica vaginalis was not uniform; some areas resembled the adenomatoid tumour to the epididymis, others exhibited histological and ultrastructural features of a haemangioma, whilst elsewhere, the two patterns were intermingled. Finally, areas of pseudofibromatous periorchitis with vascular proliferation and slit-like structures lined by mesothelial cells were recognized. These features suggest that the adenomatoid tumour originated from a localized reactive process with inflammation and vascular proliferation enclosing occasional slit-like structures originating from the mesothelial lining of the tunica vaginalis. Subsequent regression of vascular proliferation and inflammatory infiltration and continued mesothelial proliferation would give rise to the typical mesothelial pattern of adenomatoid tumour. PMID- 6520653 TI - Osteoclasts: putative, surrogate and authentic. PMID- 6520652 TI - Cell surface characterization of the human osteoclast: phenotypic relationship to other bone marrow-derived cell types. AB - Among the differentiated progeny of stem cells transplantable by bone marrow are osteoclasts, the multinucleate cells which are the major agents of bone resorption. Although the osteoclast is well characterized from a structural and functional standpoint, its development and origin are still far from clear. We have used monoclonal antibodies to investigate the interrelationship between osteoclasts and other haemopoietic cells in man. We have analysed the distribution of 19 granulocyte-monocyte antigens in eight reactivity clusters on the non-neoplastic osteoclasts present within nine osteoclastomas (syn. giant cell tumours of bone) and a single example of aneurysmal bone cyst. We found that osteoclasts are antigenically effete, failing to express granulocyte-monocyte, common leucocyte or other haemopoietic determinants; the only monocyte antigens detected on osteoclasts are My-7 and two closely related specificities, MCS.2 and DuHL60.4, which are also expressed by tissues outside the haemopoietic system. Our findings, taken together with recent transplantation studies, cast further doubt on the view that osteoclasts are specialized bone-resorbing macrophage derived giant cells, and support a hypothesis that they are the end product of fusion of a hitherto unidentified circulating mononuclear cell type, the preosteoclast, which constitutes a cell lineage separate from those originating from the conventional multipotential haemopoietic stem cell, although still of bone marrow origin. PMID- 6520655 TI - Nationwide profile of female inmate substance involvement. PMID- 6520654 TI - Work-based drug programs. PMID- 6520657 TI - Acid rock: a critical reappraisal and psychological commentary. PMID- 6520656 TI - Smoking and pregnancy. AB - Smoking during pregnancy is associated with many adverse outcomes, including fetal and neonatal death. These consequences are tragic in many ways, but perhaps the greatest tragedy is that they are preventable if the smoker ceases to smoke during pregnancy. Although in some instances the so-called constitutional hypothesis is difficult to disprove, the available evidence seems more than convincing that it is smoking itself, and not the smoker's unique constitution, that is responsible. Cessation from smoking is clearly advisable at any time, but more so during pregnancy when every cigarette affects both the smoker and her unborn child. PMID- 6520659 TI - Somatization disorder in relatives of children and adolescents with functional abdominal pain. PMID- 6520658 TI - Cocaine- and alcohol-induced sexual dysfunction in patients with addictive disease. PMID- 6520660 TI - Secular trends and individual differences in toilet-training progress. PMID- 6520661 TI - Psychological follow-up in childhood dementia: a longitudinal study of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis. PMID- 6520662 TI - Predicting kindergarten school performance using the McCarthy Scales of Children's Abilities. PMID- 6520663 TI - The effect of prior imipramine treatment on the results of conditioning therapy in children with enuresis. PMID- 6520664 TI - Notes from a director's wish book. PMID- 6520665 TI - A modification of the MAGPI procedure. AB - Since its description in 1981, the MAGPI procedure has rapidly assumed a major role in the repair of coronal and subcoronal hypospadias without chordee. Success with this procedure depends upon careful attention to detail and proper patient selection. Despite heeding these caveats the authors have noted occasional patients who, following completion of a MAGPI, have a disturbing "fishmouth" quality to the meatus. Herein is described a simple modification that seems to improve the cosmetic results when this situation is encountered. PMID- 6520666 TI - Penoplasty for buried penis secondary to "radical" circumcision. AB - An unusual complication of neonatal circumcision occurs when skin from the penile shaft is excised along with the prepuce. Upon healing of the wound, the penis gets buried in the scrotum. Repair is complicated by the lack of available skin to cover the shaft of the penis. We describe a surgical technique for correction of this condition. PMID- 6520667 TI - Surgical correction of urinary incontinence. AB - Over the last 6 years, 114 patients have undergone surgery for urinary incontinence. The majority (79%) had neurologic dysfunction of the bladder because of spinal malformation (myelodysplasia, sacral agenesis, or trauma) and the remaining were a mixed group including exstrophy/epispadias, urethral valves, pelvic fractures, etc. The patients were grouped in six categories. Those with lower urethral resistance underwent bladder neck reconstruction with Young-Dees Leadbetter procedure (five patients) or had placement of an artificial urinary sphincter (27 patients). Those with poor bladder compliance underwent primary bladder augmentation (21 patients). Those with combined urethral problems and poor compliance had combined procedures (14 patients). Thirty-seven patients previously diverted for incontinence and undergoing undiversion were considered separately, as were ten patients without any bladder precluding preoperative assessment. Of the entire group, continence was achieved in 83 patients with the initial procedure (73%). Secondary procedures have resulted in continence in 101 patients (89%). Three patients were improved but unsatisfactory, and nine remain wet; one is unknown. PMID- 6520668 TI - Ureteropelvic junction obstruction in the newborn. AB - Ureteropelvic junction (UPJ) obstruction is a common cause of hydronephrosis in infants. Newborns with severe obstruction often have marked improvement following correction; therefore early diagnosis and operation is important. From 1973 to 1983, 21 patients were operated on for UPJ obstruction diagnosed under 6 weeks of age. Six patients (29%) had antenatal ultrasonographic diagnosis. The remaining patients were diagnosed by IVP or radionuclide scan for palpable renal enlargment or for associated anomalies. Seventeen had unilateral and four had bilateral obstruction. Twenty-three pyeloplasties, one primary nephrectomy, and one cutaneous pyelostomy with subsequent nephrectomy were done. All pyeloplasties were dismembered, with tailoring of the renal pelvis. Postoperative renal function was followed with radionuclide scan or IVP. Postoperative complications included a single urinary tract infection in three patients and two bowel obstructions. One early postoperative death occurred in an infant with bilateral obstruction who developed congestive heart failure secondary to severe uncontrollable hypertension. There were two other unrelated late deaths. Documented functional improvement with minimal complications follow unilateral or simultaneous bilateral pyeloplasty in newborns with UPJ obstruction. PMID- 6520669 TI - Correction of congenital hydronephrosis in utero IV: in utero decompression prevents renal dysplasia. AB - Renal dysplasia (RD) is commonly seen in babies with urinary tract obstruction (UTO). Recent experimental evidence suggests that early fetal UTO leads to the development of RD. The RD seen in children with congenital UTO is usually not reversible, even when the obstruction is relieved soon after birth. Is the RD associated with congenital UTO preventable or reversible by decompression of the urinary tract early in gestation? If so, at what stage of development must this decompression be performed? We produced complete unilateral ureteral obstruction in 25 early second trimester (62 to 65 days) lamb fetuses, a procedure that results in ipsilateral RD at term (140 days). At a second operation, 20, 40, or 60 days after the initial procedure, we decompressed the obstructed kidney by a cutaneous end-ureterostomy. The contralateral unobstructed kidneys served as controls. Renal function (urine output and iothalamate clearance) and histopathology were evaluated after delivery at term. Recovery of renal function was directly proportional to the duration of in utero decompression and inversely proportional to duration of obstruction. In addition, in utero decompression prevented or greatly ameliorated the development of RD. However, some postobstructive changes persisted; these were proportional to the length of in utero obstruction. These results substantiate the clinical impression that some human fetuses with congenital UTO may benefit from early in utero decompression. PMID- 6520670 TI - Experimental pulmonary hypoplasia and oligohydramnios: relative contributions of lung fluid and fetal breathing movements. AB - Inhibition of fetal breathing movements or increased loss of fetal lung fluid into the amniotic space have been suggested as two possible mechanisms causing pulmonary hypoplasia in the setting of oligohydramnios (OH). We examined the effect of OH produced by amniotic fluid shunting (AS) into the maternal abdominal cavity, ablation of fetal breathing by high cervical cord transection (CT), and CT and AS combined on fetal rabbit lungs at 24 days gestation. Lung growth at term (31 days) was measured by lung DNA content and wet lung weight. Compared to unoperated controls, newborns undergoing either AS alone or CT alone had much smaller lungs. When compared to CT alone, CT with AS resulted in a further significant decrease in lung growth. Thus, even when fetal breathing was eliminated by CT, AS caused further hypoplasia. If pulmonary hypoplasia in OH is related to increased loss of lung fluid, then tracheal ligation (TL) should prevent this process. TL combined with AS produced lungs with the same DNA content as controls, and thus the hypoplastic effects of OH were reversed by TL. Although fetal breathing is clearly important for lung growth, it appears that inhibition of fetal breathing is not the predominant etiology of oligohydramnios related pulmonary hypoplasia. Fetal intrapulmonary fluid is formed by active transport across pulmonary epithelium, and may serve to distend potential airways and stimulate growth. These experiments suggest that lung hypoplasia associated with OH is related to loss of this internal stenting force. PMID- 6520672 TI - Transcervical myotomy for wide-gap esophageal atresia. AB - A primary end-to-end anastomosis of the esophagus can be accomplished in the wide gap esophageal atresia by obtaining extra esophageal length through circular myotomy of the proximal esophageal pouch. However, a very short proximal esophageal pouch may not be accessible through the standard thoracic incision, precluding this procedure. An infant is reported in whom the inaccessible proximal pouch was exteriorized into the neck through a concomitant cervical incision, allowing three circular myotomies to be performed with ease. The proximal esophagus was then reintroduced into the chest cavity and a primary esophagoesophagostomy performed without difficulty. PMID- 6520671 TI - The pulmonary hemodynamic response to perioperative anesthesia in the treatment of high-risk infants with congenital diaphragmatic hernia. AB - The continuing high mortality in congenital diaphragmatic hernia led us to study the cardiopulmonary disturbances associated with this lesion. Since these infants infrequently have right-to-left shunting in the operating room, we adopted a treatment protocol of: continuing general anesthesia in the postoperative period using fentanyl and pancuronium; cardiac catheterization postoperatively, including placement of a pulmonary artery line and a pulmonary angiogram; rapid frequency ventilation; moderate fluid restriction; and avoidance of vasodilators until other means of management had clearly failed. Fourteen high-risk infants, presenting within 6 hours of birth, were studied and compared to 17 high-risk infants, who served as historical controls. As revealed by the physiologic data acquired in the catheterization laboratory, high-risk infants divided into "Responder" and "Nonresponder" groups. Seven of 10 "Responders" actually shunted left to right during the catheterization, demonstrating a low pulmonary vascular resistance. Seven of 10 subsequently demonstrated significant right-to-left shunting at the level of the ductus and the foramen ovale, indicating the hyperreactivity of the pulmonary vascular bed. All but one was managed successfully by ventilatory adjustments and deepening of the level of anesthesia. "Nonresponders" had a fixed right-to-left shunt unresponsive to any medical or ventilatory manipulation. All "Nonresponders" died. Pulmonary angiography suggested a smaller diameter of the affected pulmonary artery compared to the main pulmonary artery in the "Nonresponders." This implies true hypoplasia resulting in a vasculature too small to accept a full cardiac output. Survival in the treatment group "Responders" was eight of 10 (80%) v seven of 14 (50%) in the control group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6520673 TI - Flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopy in the management of tracheobronchial foreign bodies in children: the value of a combined approach with open tube bronchoscopy. AB - Fifty-two pediatric patients suspected of having a pulmonary foreign body but in whom there was insufficient evidence to warrant open tube bronchoscopy. In 19% of these patients, foreign bodies were found. Twenty-six percent of patients who had previously had foreign bodies removed and who subsequently underwent flexible bronchoscopy for a variety of indications were found to have residual foreign bodies. Clinically unsuspected foreign bodies were found in 1% of 1,054 additional patients who had flexible bronchoscopy for other reasons. The diagnostic use of the pediatric flexible bronchoscope is a safe, definitive, and cost-effective method for the identification of patients with pulmonary foreign bodies when other techniques yield equivocal or negative results. Patients known to have a foreign body should undergo open tube bronchoscopy for foreign body removal. PMID- 6520674 TI - Pediatric laryngotracheal stenosis. AB - Severe laryngotracheal stenosis (LTS) in children is a problem of increasing incidence in the past 15 years, following the widespread adoption of prolonged endotracheal intubation for respiratory support. Rarer cases of stenosis secondary to external trauma, high tracheotomy, thermal and chemical burns, and dystrophic cartilage are seen. In contrast to congenital subglottic stenosis, where conservative therapy is generally indicated, severe, mature LTS often requires surgical correction--either endoscopic or external reconstruction. The prevailing attitude has been to perform a tracheotomy and hope for decannulation after 1 or 2 years, due to the expected growth of the larynx. This attitude developed from experience with congenital subglottic stenosis. Unfortunately, acquired LTS tends to be a much more severe problem than congenital subglottic stenosis; the degree of obstruction is usually greater and loss of cartilaginous support of the airway commonly occurs. Some of the acquired lesions are so severe that often no lumen is demonstrable. In such cases no amount of growth will allow extubation. A variety of endoscopic methods such as dilation, with or without resection using diathermy, cryotherapy, or laser, or steroid injection are certainly helpful in the early phases of wound healing while granulation tissue is still present or while the scar tissue is still soft and pliable. To deal with the mature, hard, fibrous unresponsive scar, various authors have proposed different approaches both endoscopic and external reconstruction. The present study discusses a unique experience of external laryngotracheal reconstruction (LTR) in 100 children. In the evaluation of LTS, a thorough endoscopic evaluation is required using both flexible and rigid endoscopic techniques.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6520675 TI - An experimental model of a submucosally tunnelled valve for the replacement of the ileo-cecal valve. AB - An enteric valve to prevent colonic content reflux and to prolong small bowel transit time was created by passing small bowel through a submucosal tunnel in the colon. Barium enema, Gl tract series, and iso- and antiperistaltic pressure measurements showed the valve to be of competence equal to the ileo-cecal valve. Late pathological examination revealed a patent valve with minimal scar formation. The optimal submucosal tunnel length was between 4 and 6 cm. This valve can, theoretically, increase the absorptive capacity in short bowel syndrome and may serve as a substitute for the critically important ileo-cecal valve. PMID- 6520676 TI - Gastrointestinal microecology in the critically ill neonate. AB - The fecal and gastric microflora of 178 critically ill neonates was compared with that of 30 normal full-term infants. Significant findings included increased frequency of single species retrieval and decreased frequency of mixed aerobic anaerobic fecal cultures in the ill infants. Also noted were increased retrieval of pathogenic organisms, ie, staphylococcus aureus from gastric and fecal cultures of the ill infants, and decreased retrieval rates of Escherichia coli enterococcus, B fragilis, and other anaerobes in the feces of this group. Yeast retrieval was increased in the feces of the ill neonates. Statistical analysis showed that delivery route, birth weight, and antibiotic therapy were significantly related to the retrieval rates of certain organisms in the gastric and fecal flora of the ill neonate. Given the breast-fed and formula-fed infants have different normal floral patterns, this study suggests that the flora of the ill neonate conforms to a different pattern. Implications in the prevention and treatment of various neonatal septic processes may be drawn from this data. PMID- 6520677 TI - An experimental model to study thermogenesis in the neonatal surgical patient. AB - The nonshivering thermogenic response of the newborn to cold exposure and the potentially detrimental effects of the resultant hypermetabolic state have been documented by numerous animal and clinical studies. It is standard practice to protect the newborn infant from cold stress by controlling environmental temperature and preventing heat loss. Although these measures are well accepted, little attention has been paid to the effect of surgical factors, such as operative trauma, anesthetic agents, and muscle relaxants on nonshivering thermogenesis. The purpose of this investigation is to develop an experimental model to study the effect of surgical factors on the neonatal thermogenic response. Newborn rabbits were chosen as the experimental subject because these animals rely solely on nonshivering thermogenesis. One-hundred-eleven animals were studied. In the newborn rabbit, there was an inverse relationship between age and the percentage of brown fat. Body weight doubled in the first week of life, while the quantity of brown fat fell from a maximum of 2.9% of body weight in the first day of life to 1.56% at 7 days of age. It was possible to maintain the newborn rabbit in a warm environment for periods of up to 2 hours without changes in blood flow to the brown fat or oxygen consumption. The thermogenic response to cold did not appear to be altered in terms of oxygen consumption when the animals were lightly anesthetized with pentobarbital or paralyzed with metocurine and locally anesthetized. The rise in oxygen consumption was similar in awake, intact animals and those that received pentobarbital or metocurine and xylocaine.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6520678 TI - Pancreas divisum: a cause of pancreatitis in childhood. AB - The anatomic congenital anomaly pancreas divisum has recently been implicated as a cause of acute pancreatitis. The associated stenosis of the minor papilla has been postulated to cause pancreatitis by producing a relative obstruction to the high volumes of dorsal pancreatic secretion. We present a 10-year-old boy with acute pancreatitis associated with pancreas divisum to illustrate this as a cause of pancreatitis in childhood. PMID- 6520679 TI - Who should pay for resident education? AB - House staff stipends and other costs related to maintaining a residency are listed on hospital budgets as "education." This has become a tempting target for hospital administrators and third-party payors, who ask, "Should the patient pay for medical education?" We have studied the workload of house officers on a typical pediatric surgical service in a children's hospital. General surgical residents spend 56.3 hours per week in patient care. This does not count "lag" time or "on call" time, but work that someone else--either a physician, technician, or nurse practitioner would do if there was no residency. This study, as well as others, clearly indicates that residents provide an enormous amount of patient care. It is perfectly justified to include the costs of house officers in the hospital budget. PMID- 6520680 TI - The effect of the immunomodulator corynebacterium parvum on hemisplenectomized mice. AB - The immunomodulator Corynebacterium parvum stimulates the reticuloendothelial system and causes splenic hypertrophy. The ability of C parvum to stimulate splenic regeneration in hemisplenectomized mice and decrease susceptibility to intranasal pneumococcal challenge was studied. Mice were divided into two groups, control sham-operated (n = 48) and hemisplenectomized (n = 47) animals. Ten days later, each group was divided into two subgroups, those injected with C parvum (700 mcg IVP) and those injected with an equivalent volume of saline. The animals were challenged with Streptococcus pneumoniae, which was injected into one nostril three weeks postoperatively, and mortality was assessed. Four and one half weeks postoperatively, splenic tissue was removed, measured, weighed, and submitted for histologic examination. The number of spleen cells per gram of tissue was assessed. Treatment with C parvum resulted in a significant increase in the splenic weight in both hemisplenectomized and control animals compared to similar saline-injected mice (P less than 0.001). The percentage increase in spleen weight of hemisplenectomized mice (106%) was significantly greater than that for control animals (56%; P less than 0.01). There was no significant difference among experimental groups in the number of spleen cells per gram of splenic tissue or in the histologic characteristics, indicating that C parvum stimulated relatively normal splenic growth. Survival following pneumococcal challenge was significantly increased for hemisplenectomized mice by C parvum treatment to a level that did not significantly differ from control mice. This study demonstrates that in mice the deficits related to resistance to infection and spleen size following hemisplenectomy are significantly improved by treatment with C parvum. PMID- 6520681 TI - Immunosuppressive effects of anesthesia and surgery in the newborn: I short-term effects. AB - We examined short-term effects of anesthesia and surgery on the lymphocyte response of neonates and older children to a range of mitogens using a whole blood mitogen stimulation assay. Following induction of anesthesia, both neonates and older children demonstrated significantly decreased lymphocyte transformation to phytohaemagglutinin (PHA; P less than 0.005) and Con A (P less than 0.025) compared with preanesthetic values. Immediately, postsurgery, older children recovered fully their responsiveness to both PHA and Con A, while there was significant depression in their responsiveness to PWM (P less than 0.005) and SPA (P less than 0.05). In contrast, neonatal responsiveness to all mitogens was significantly reduced (P less than 0.005) immediately after surgery compared to preoperative values. At 24-hour postsurgery, neonatal responsiveness to PHA had returned to preoperative levels but Con A, PWM, and SPA responses continued to decline (P less than 0.005). These results suggest that the newborn is particularly susceptible to the immunosuppressive effects of anesthesia and surgery. PMID- 6520682 TI - Inguinal hernia repair in the perinatal period and early infancy: clinical considerations. AB - Contemporary neonatal intensive care has resulted in survival of many seriously ill preterm and older infants that frequently present with symptomatic inguinal hernia. Controversy exists concerning timing and safety of early repair in prematures or other neonates, especially those hospitalized with concurrent illness. This study examines this topic by evaluating predisposing factors, presentation, and postoperative complications in 100 recent consecutive hernia repairs in previously hospitalized infants less than 2 months of age. There were 85 boys and 15 girls. Thirty percent were premature (less than 36 wks gestation). Forty-two infants were hospitalized for RDS with assisted ventilation in 16 infants, hydrocephalus and ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt in 7 infants, and congenital heart disease (CHD) in 19 infants. Clinical presentation was on the right side in 44 infants, bilateral in 42, and on the left side in 14. Incarceration occurred in 31 cases with nine babies having overt intestinal obstruction. The incidence of cryptorchidism was 12.9%. All (VP) shunt, CHD patients, and incarcerated cases were treated with preoperative antibiotics. Following discharge, 49 preterm or previously ill infants developed a symptomatic hernia at home and were readmitted. Nine full-term infants were treated as outpatients. Bilateral inguinal exploration was performed in 92 cases with second hernia or patent processus found in 81. Seven of eight with unilateral exploration had acute incarceration with obstruction at the time of the procedure. Three subsequently required a second hernia repair. Two infants with incarceration and cryptorchid testis or ovarian slider had gonadal infarction. There were eight postoperative complications.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6520683 TI - Imperforate anus: the neurologic implication of sacral abnormalities. AB - The association of imperforate anus with bony sacral abnormalities and neurologic deficits is well recognized. These neurologic deficits have been considered static rather than progressive. However, recent experience indicates that some patients may develop progressive neurologic problems due to spinal cord lesions that are amenable to neurosurgical correction. To investigate the frequency of such lesions, routine myelography of imperforate anus patients with sacral anomalies was undertaken. The extraordinarily high incidence of unsuspected lesions known to cause progressive bowel, bladder, and musculoskeletal dysfunction is the basis of this interim report. Thirty percent of patients with anorectal abnormalities had sacral dysplasia. Of the nine patients undergoing myelography to date, eight have been abnormal. Six children had a tethered spinal cord, one had narrowing of the bony spinal canal and dural sac stenosis, and one an anterior meningocele. Spinal cord conditions that may cause deterioration of bowel, bladder, and extremity function should be defined and corrected before irreversible damage occurs. Because of the high incidence of spinal cord lesions detected in these patients with coexisting anorectal and sacral anomalies, routine screening for spinal cord lesions is recommended. PMID- 6520684 TI - Fecal continence following an anterior-sagittal ano-enteroplasty in a patient with cloacal exstrophy. AB - A two-year-old Latin American female was referred for treatment of what appeared to be a straightforward case of cloacal exstrophy. At operation, incision along the superior margin of the exstrophic bladder allowed identification of an unusual variant of exstrophy which consisted of bladder exstrophy; erminal colon duplication, the common medial wall of which protruded 8 cm beyond the end of the bowel lumen, and which exited ventrally and immediately caudad to the exstrophic bladder; an enteric diverticulum at the superior rim of the bladder; and two small vaginae, existing laterally on either side, at the junction between the bladder and the terminal bowel. The terminal bowel was mobilized, the duplications were excised, and a tapering enteroplasty was performed. Despite a flat-appearing bottom, a posterior muscle complex was identified which extended anterolaterally and attached to the pubis on either side. Following observation of an appropriate response to electrical stimulation, the muscle complex was partially divided in the midline, from anterior to posterior, just enough to make room for the tapered bowel. The muscle was then reapproximated in the midline anteriorly, surrounding the bowel, and an anoplasty was constructed. The bladder was closed, and the pubic rami were wired together (bilateral posterior iliac osteotomies were performed at the beginning of the operation). One and 1/2 years following this procedure, the child has a normal "rectal" exam with a palpable sphincter. She has 3 to 4 solid bowel movements daily without soiling, and she awaits genitourinary reconstruction. PMID- 6520685 TI - Biobrane--a useful adjunct in the therapy of outpatient burns. AB - Fifty-five patients with partial thickness burns ranging from 1% to 10% of their body surfaces have been treated with Biobrane (Woodroof Laboratories, Santa Ana, CA) dressings on an outpatient basis. This material is a biosynthetic skin prosthesis that was introduced commercially in 1979. Advantages of Biobrane over other conventional dressings in outpatient burn care have been the significant pain relief, reduced number of dressing changes, decreased patient visits, and satisfactory epithelization in 7 to 14 days, ease of application and removal, and cost effectiveness. The dressing must be placed on clean wounds judged to be partial thickness in depth. Topical antibiotics are unnecessary in the care of these patients. PMID- 6520686 TI - The accuracy of abbreviated esophageal pH monitoring in children. AB - Extended (18 to 24 hour) esophageal pH monitoring establishes the diagnosis of gastroesophageal reflux (GER) utilizing a pH score, and relates respiratory symptoms to GER when the mean duration of sleep reflux (ZMD) is prolonged. A disadvantage of this method is the expense of overnight hospitalization. We performed extended esophageal pH recordings in 66 consecutive children (1 week to 15 years old) being evaluated for GER. Six portions of the 18- to 24-hour esophageal pH recording were compared to the complete record in an attempt to define the relative accuracy of abbreviated monitoring periods. The abbreviated monitoring periods included the 30 minutes after apple juice feedings (30 minutes AJ), the 2 hours after apple juice feedings (2 hours PC AJ), the 2 hours after milk-formula feedings (2 hours PC MF), the 8 hours with two feedings of apple juice (8 hours AJ), the 8 hours with two feedings of milk formula (8 hours MF), and the first 12 hours of recording (1st 12 hours). The accuracy relative to the 18- to 24-hour recording was poor for 30 minutes AJ, 2 hours PC AJ, and 2 hours PC MF periods (30% to 58%). An improved accuracy occurred during 8-hour AJ periods (29/31, 94%) in children without respiratory symptoms. Although the accuracy in patients with respiratory symptoms was best during 8-hour MF (31/35, 89%) and 1st 12-hour (33/35, 94%) periods, a high false-negative rate for the ZMD (31% to 41%) during abbreviated pH monitoring indicates that many patients with reflux-induced respiratory symptoms will be unrecognized.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6520687 TI - Small bowel atresia, biliary atresia, and Alagille's syndrome. PMID- 6520688 TI - A procedural note on the measurement of broad dispositions. AB - This article deals with the selection of items in a self-report test that measures a broad trait. There is an inherent conflict between selecting items that maximize internal consistency and ones that contribute to breadth. Alternative procedures, including criterion keying, combining homogeneous subscales, and construction of scales with divergent items with modest relations to the whole scale scores, were discussed. Although not included among recommended procedures by modern test theory, the latter approach has much to recommend it under appropriate circumstances. The discussion of psychometric principles was generalized to the person-situation debate. PMID- 6520689 TI - Stress, externality, and depression. AB - Previous research has found mixed support for the possibility that locus of control moderates the effects of life stress on depression. Two methodological choices may have influenced previous findings: the use of a unidimensional rather than a multidimensional locus of control scale, and reliance on linear statistical methods using median splits. We attempted to correct these choices by using the Levenson IPC scale (1974) and multiple regression analyses in a female undergraduate population (N = 158). The results supported use of a multidimensional scale, since Stress, Internality, and Powerful Others were found to have main effects on depression whereas Chance interacted with life stress. The question of whether locus of control refers to responsibility for causing an event, i.e., self-blame, or belief in control over future events, i.e., coping behavior, was discussed. PMID- 6520690 TI - Personality traits of female psychotherapy patients with a history of incest: a research note. AB - Rorschachs were administered to 17 female psychotherapy patients having a history of incest, as well as 17 matched control patients without such a history. Based on a review of the literature it was anticipated that the incest subjects would show evidence of difficulty in maintaining healthy interpersonal relationships, poor self-esteem, defective superego formation, sexual difficulties, and anger. Expectations receiving support included interpersonal problems, poor self-esteem, and anger. PMID- 6520692 TI - Validation of two scales for narcissistic personality disorder. AB - The many theoretical accounts of narcissistic personality disorder (NPD) provide no widely accepted method of identifying persons having this syndrome. Undergraduate scores on the Narcissistic Personality Inventory (NPI) and the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory (MCMI) Narcissistic scale were intercorrelated and were also correlated with the Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale (MCSDS). NPI and the MCMI subtests correlated significantly with each other, r(146) = .55, p less than .001, but not with the MCSDS. These results further the search for a reliable, valid, and easily administered test for NPD while leaving open the question of the relationship between this syndrome and concern with self-presentation. PMID- 6520691 TI - Menstrual discomfort, psychological defenses, and feminine identification. AB - Theorists have suggested that menstrual complaints occur more frequently in women who have a weaker sense of feminine identification. To test this hypothesis 50 women were administered the Body Symptom Questionnaire and the Defense Mechanisms Inventory (DMI). The DMI scales have been linked to differences in sexual identification. Results affirmed a relationship between personality dynamics and the degree of menstrual discomfort experienced by women relative to their other body problems. As predicted, the higher the percentage of menstrual symptoms, the more likely it was that a woman made use of "masculine mode" externalizing defenses and the less apt she was to use "feminine mode" non-externalizing defenses. A composite index of the tendency to externalize hostility when faced with conflict was highly correlated with the percentage of menstrual complaints. The defense pattern findings suggest that a woman who has a strong acceptance of herself as a female will experience fewer of her somatic symptoms as menstrual. PMID- 6520693 TI - The use of the Rorschach in brief clinical evaluation. AB - An adaptation of the Rorschach is described that can be used as part of a brief clinical evaluation. Some case illustrations are provided to demonstrate the method. PMID- 6520694 TI - Blockade by anti-glucocorticoids, actinomycin D and cycloheximide of the anti inflammatory action of some Kampohozai (Chinese traditional medicines) against serotonin. AB - Blockade by anti-glucocorticoids, progesterone and 17 alpha-methyltestosterone, a messenger ribonucleic acid (m-RNA) synthesis inhibitor, actinomycin D, and a protein synthesis inhibitor, cycloheximide, of the anti-exudative action of five kinds of Kampohozai (Daisaikoto, Shosaikoto, Saikokeishito, Daiobotanpito and Tokakujokito) were studied to investigate mode of the anti-inflammatory action of those Kampohozai. The inflammatory lesion was provoked by injection of serotonin (0.3 micrograms) in the Tyrode solution (5 microliter) in subplantar region of the hind paw of mice. The above anti-glucocorticoids and the m-RNA and protein synthesis inhibitors suppressed the anti-inflammatory effects of Daisaikoto and Shosaikoto dose-dependently. The action of Saikokeishito was suppressed weakly by treatment with progesterone or 17 alpha-methyltestosterone, but not blocked by treatment with actinomycin D or cycloheximide. On the other hand, Daiobotanpito and Tokakujokito were not blocked by treatment with those four inhibitors. These results suggest that mechanism of anti-inflammatory action of Daisaikoto and Shosaikoto is similar to that of glucocorticoid but Daiobotanpito and Tokakujokito exert anti-inflammatory effects through some other mechanisms. PMID- 6520695 TI - Drug absorption from the gastrointestinal tract and immunity: the mechanism of the decreased absorption of salicylic acid during systemic anaphylaxis. I. AB - Previous studies have demonstrated the decrease of intestinal salicylic acid absorption in ovalbumin-immunized rats during systemic anaphylaxis. In the present study, the mechanism whereby systemic anaphylaxis interferes with the intestinal absorption of salicylic acid was studied. The pH of the luminal solution was not affected by the intravenous challenge with ovalbumin. A significant increase of the intraluminal protein was observed in rats under systemic anaphylaxis. However, there was no significant difference between ovalbumin-treated rats and saline-treated ones on the binding of salicylic acid with intraluminal macromolecular substances. Enhanced mucus release in the perfusate was also observed in sensitized rats but the extent of decrease in absorption of salicylic acid did not correlate with the increase in amount of the intraluminal mucus in the same animals. In addition, no significant effect was observed on the uptake by the intestinal everted sac of rats with systemic anaphylaxis. These findings suggested that mucus as well as protein is not responsible for the decrease of absorption of salicylic acid induced by systemic anaphylaxis. From these observations, it would appear that the circulatory changes in the gastrointestinal tract may play an important role in the decreased absorption of salicylic acid during systemic anaphylaxis. PMID- 6520696 TI - Analysis of the effect of an anti-inflammatory steroid, dexamethasone, on neutrophil chemotaxis in the Boyden chamber with a modified 51Cr-labeling method. AB - For the determination of leukocyte chemotaxis in the Boyden chamber toward zymosan-activated serum, a modification of the 51Cr-labeling method originally introduced by Gallin et al. was made using a polycarbonate filter at the top of a double filter system. By application of this method, it was demonstrated that an anti-inflammatory steroid, dexamethasone at relatively low doses, directly inhibited chemotactic movement of leukocytes after the pretreatment of the cells with dexamethasone for several hours. This inhibitory effect was proved to be a common property of glucocorticoids. The leukocyte-inhibitory effect manifested within the cell body and the release of any extracellular factors mediating the inhibitory effect of the corticoid into the medium was not demonstrated. The present data suggests that the inhibitory effect of dexamethasone on leukocyte infiltration observed in vivo is attributed to the direct inhibitory effect of dexamethasone on the motility of leukocytes. PMID- 6520697 TI - Changes in functional ceruloplasmin concentrations of plasma and exudate and the effect of exogenous ceruloplasmin on the carrageenin-induced inflammation in rats. AB - Changes in functional ceruloplasmin (Cp) concentrations of plasma and exudate during acute and chronic inflammatory processes were studied in detail by measuring Cp oxidase activity in the carrageenin-induced inflammation in rats. In contrast with the plasma functional Cp level as an acute-phase reactant, the exudate functional Cp level was very low during the acute phase, increased in the chronic phase and reached a constant value which was only half value of the plasma functional Cp level. The locally injected Cp had no effect on the carrageenin-induced inflammation, suggesting that exogenous Cp has no anti inflammatory effect on the inflamed rats eating normal diet. PMID- 6520698 TI - Effect of food on bioavailability of nalidixic acid from uncoated tablets having different dissolution rates. AB - The effect of food on the bioavailability of two single lots of commercial tablets and one trial tablet of nalidixic acid, varying widely in drug dissolution characteristics, was determined in healthy male subjects after oral administration. Four subjects received, in a crossover fashion, a single 250 mg dose in an uncoated tablet during periods of fasting and non-fasting. Significant differences in Cmax, Tmax and AUC0-8 were observed between the tablet having the fastest dissolution rate and the other tablets tested, when administered postprandially. Both Cmax and AUC0-8 were significantly increased after administration of the two tablets exhibiting the poorer dissolution characteristics to the non-fasting subjects. However, food was not observed to affect any of the bioavailability parameters after postprandial administration of the tablet exhibiting the fastest dissolution rate. The improvement of bioavailability of the two tablets exhibiting the poorer dissolution by food intake was ascribable to enhanced dissolution of nalidixic acid resulting from vigorous mixing and agitation in the digestive tract. It was concluded that the effect of food on the bioavailability of nalidixic acid from uncoated tablets varies with formulation factors, especially with dissolution characteristics. PMID- 6520699 TI - Intestinal absorption of several beta-lactam antibiotics. V. Effect of amino beta lactam analogues and dipeptides on the absorption of amino beta-lactam antibiotics. AB - The absorption mechanism of amino beta-lactam antibiotics was investigated by using the whole small intestine of a rat. Mutual inhibition among amino beta lactam analogues and the effects of dipeptides were studied. The influences of glycylglycine on the absorption of cephradine at the four different parts of intestine were also studied. Similarly to the case of cephalexin and cephradine, the absorption of amoxicillin was significantly inhibited by cyclacillin, cephradine, and cephalexin, but the absorption of ampicillin was not reduced by all tested antibiotics. In the experiments using dipeptides (6.0 mM), the absorption of cyclacillin was reduced significantly by glycylglycine, not by L carnosine. And cephalexin absorption was influenced by L-carnosine (6.0, 10 mM), not by glycylglycine (6 mM). On the contrary, the absorption of cephradine was not reduced at all by these dipeptides. And from the experiment using the four different parts of intestine, it was shown that the transport interaction of glycylglycine with cephradine was observed in only one segment (the upper part of jejunum). These result suggest that the carrier-mediated transport system correlated to dipeptides participates only to a small degree in the common absorption mechanisms of these amino beta-lactam antibiotics. PMID- 6520700 TI - Metabolic fate of ethyl O-[N-(p-carboxyphenyl)-carbamoyl] mycophenolate (CAM), a new antitumor agent, in experimental animals. AB - Absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of ethyl O-[N-(p carboxyphenyl)-carbamoyl] mycophenolate (CAM), a new antitumor agent, was studied in mice using 14C-labeled CAM and species difference of metabolism was studied in mice, rats, guinea pigs, rabbits and dogs. CAM was rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract of mice. Concentration of radioactivity in the plasma of mice showed two peaks reflecting enterohepatic circulation of metabolites, the first was 30 min and the second was 6 h after dosing. Extremely high concentration of radioactivity was observed in the bile as about 100 times of the radioactivity detected in the plasma. Wide distribution of radioactivity was observed in the whole body tissues of the tumor-bearing mice. Strong radioactivity was presented in the liver, kidney, bile and gastrointestinal content. Radioactivity in the tumor was higher than those in the liver and kidney 24 h after dosing. About 45% of the dose and 30% of the dose were excreted in the urine and feces, respectively, during 24 h after administration of 14C-CAM to mice. The metabolites of CAM were only mycophenolic acid (MPA) and its glucuronic acid conjugate (MPA-G) in all tested animals. Converting ratio of MPA to MPA-G differed greatly among animal species. In the plasma of rats and mice, MPA was presented as higher level than MPA-G at all times. While, in the plasma of rabbits, MPA-G was presented exclusively and MPA was observed only slightly. PMID- 6520701 TI - Personality traits: fact or fiction? A critique of the Shweder and D'Andrade systematic distortion hypothesis. AB - According to Shweder and D'Andrade (1979, 1980), covariation in memory-based ratings of people's behavior is determined more by semantic relations between behavior categories than by actual co-occurrence. They claim therefore that the existence of personality traits is largely a fiction supported by our conceptions rather than by reality. Contrary to this hypothesis, we argue that semantics are logically implicated in both the observation and recall of behavior and that support for this assumption can be found if immediate encodings of behavior are as sensitively scaled as subsequent memory-based ratings. Results of a demonstration experiment supported this conclusion. When immediate encodings were scaled across all behavior categories, the relation between semantics and memory was completely explained by the role of semantics in the immediate encoding of behavior. However, when immediately encoded behavior was simply identified (rather than scaled), support for systematic distortion was obtained. Previous support for the systematic distortion hypothesis may therefore be attributed to the use of too simple a coding scheme for the measurement of immediate behavior. Implications for the existence of personality traits and for personality measurement are discussed. PMID- 6520702 TI - A failure to replicate the Bem and Allen study of individual differences in cross situational consistency. AB - Bem and Allen (1974) purportedly found evidence that, by using self-report measures of cross-situational consistency as moderator variables, it was possible to substantially increase the size of correlation coefficients computed among measures of each of two personality traits. The present study was undertaken to (a) replicate the Bem and Allen finding on a larger set of personality traits, (b) determine if the results hold differentially for self-report, other-report, and objective personality measures, and (c) compare different methods for dividing subjects into high and low consistent groups. One hundred twelve subjects (64 men and 48 women) were divided into high and low consistent groups using three different methods. Within each group correlations were computed among and between 6 self-report measures, 10 other-report measures, and when possible a few objective measures, for each of eight traits. In general, none of the methods of consistency classification replicated the Bem and Allen finding. In cases where the high consistent group had a larger average correlation among the measures than their low consistent counterparts, the size of that difference was negligible. Moreover, there were about as many instances in which the low consistent group actually had larger average correlations. Finally, there was essentially no agreement among the various consistency classification methods in dividing subjects into high and low consistent subsamples. PMID- 6520703 TI - Ego identity status, conformity behavior, and personality in late adolescence. AB - Three related studies were completed to test the predictive relation among identity status, personality, and conformity behavior. The investigations were undertaken to replicate the earlier research findings of Toder and Marcia (1973). As predicted in Study 1, personality differences were found for both sexes. However, no relation was observed between identity status and conformity on the Asch task. Study 2 was completed to confirm the reliability of the identity status measure. Finally, in Study 3 four measures of conformity behavior (peer assessments, an experimental task, two self-report scales) were completed by college students of diffusion, foreclosure, moratorium, and identity-achievement statuses. Diffusion students were most influenced by peer pressure conformity, whereas identity-achievement students were most likely to report engaging in conformity behavior for achievement gains. Although earlier research by Toder and Marcia (1973) was not replicated via the Asch conformity task, the third study does support a predicted relation between identity and conformity behavior. PMID- 6520704 TI - The independence of positive and negative affect. AB - Five studies on the relation between positive and negative affect are reported. In Studies 1 and 2 we found that positive feelings were remembered as being nearly independent of negative feelings in the past year, but the two types of affect were moderately negatively correlated for the past month. In Studies 3 and 5, subjects completed daily mood reports for 70 and 30 days, respectively. In Study 4, subjects completed three-week, daily, and moment mood reports and also filled out reports when they experienced strong emotions. The principal finding was that the relation between positive and negative affect differed greatly depending on the time frame. The strongest negative correlation between the two affects occurred during emotional times. The correlation decreased in a linear fashion as the time span covered increased logarithmically. It appears that positive and negative affect are independent in terms of how much people feel in their lives over longer time periods. Researchers need to focus on the processes that underlie both positive and negative affect and that are responsible for producing their relative independence. PMID- 6520705 TI - Effect of extrinsic incentives on use of test anxiety as an anticipatory attributional defense: playing it cool when the stakes are high. AB - We conducted an experiment to assess the effect of extrinsic incentives on the use of test anxiety as a self-handicapping strategy. We hypothesized that although reports of anxiety may be greater when such symptoms can serve a defensive function, this effect occurs only when extrinsic incentives are low and not under conditions of high extrinsic incentive. Eighty-four male undergraduates anticipated taking a test of intellectual abilities and either were led to believe that test anxiety has no effect on test performance or were given no particular information about the relation between test anxiety and performance. Subjects were offered either +5 or +25 for obtaining the highest score on the test. Consistent with predictions, no-information subjects reported greater test anxiety before the test than did those who believed that test anxiety was unrelated to performance, but only when the extrinsic incentive for performance was low. However, these subjects did not report greater cognitive interference or exhibit lower test scores than did subjects in other conditions. It is tentatively suggested that the defensive strategy used by these subjects consisted of altering perceptions of anxiety, rather than anxiety itself. The implications of the absence of self-handicapping under high incentive conditions are discussed. PMID- 6520706 TI - Hypnotic amnesia as a strategic enactment: breaching amnesia in highly susceptible subjects. AB - Hypnotically amnesic subjects frequently maintain their amnesia in the face of strong and repeated exhortations to recall honestly and to try their best to recall. Some investigators have argued that these subjects lose control over memory processes and, consequently, are unable to recall the material for which amnesia had been suggested. We propose instead that amnesic subjects maintain control over their memory processes. They often fail to breach amnesia because to do so would conflict with their self-presentation as deeply hypnotized. In two interrelated experiments we demonstrated that highly susceptible hypnotically amnesic subjects could be easily induced to recall all of the "forgotten" target items by defining successful recall as supportive of rather than as inconsistent with a self-presentation as deeply hypnotized. In the first part of Experiment 1, all subjects showed amnesia despite repeated demands to recall honestly. In the second part of this experiment, subjects were led to believe that they possessed a "hidden part" to their mind that remained aware of the target items covered by the amnesia suggestion. Each subject recalled all of the forgotten items when the experimenter contacted their hidden part. In Experiment 2 we replicated this effect and also demonstrated that the characteristics of subjects' hidden reports were a function of the instructions they received and did not reflect the operation of a dissociated cognitive subsystem that subconsciously held the forgotten items. These findings are inconsistent with traditional theorizing about hypnosis, but offer strong support for the hypothesis that hypnotic amnesia is a strategic enactment under the subject's voluntary control. PMID- 6520707 TI - Interpersonal phenomenology as a function of sexual orientation, sex, sentiment, and trait categories in long-term dyadic relationships. AB - Homosexual and heterosexual relationships were studied with the Extended Personal Attributes Questionnaire (EPAQ) as modified by the Interpersonal Perception Method (IPM). Members of 80 dyads were assessed for perceived similarity, validation of partners' self-concept, expectations of being validated, feelings of being understood, expectations of receiving credit for insight, knowledge of being validated or invalidated, knowledge of being understood or misunderstood, and knowledge of being credited with insight. The F+ scale of the EPAQ accounted for greater congruence among IPM perspectives than any of the other EPAQ scales (M+, M-, F-). Positive EPAQ scales (F+ and M+) showed more consistency among interpersonal and intrapersonal perspectives than negative scales. Homosexual partners perceived themselves more similar to each other on the F+ scales than did heterosexual partners. Persons with female partners (lesbians and heterosexual males) had higher expectations and greater accuracy in these expectations than those with male partners. Differences within the interpersonal phenomenology of heterosexual couples found in an earlier study (Alperson & Friedman, 1983) were fully replicated. Treating the M and F scales of the EPAQ as instrumental and expressive traits rather than masculine and feminine sex roles (Spence & Helmreich, 1980) clarifies the interpretation of these results. PMID- 6520708 TI - [Synthesis of alpha-alkylidene-gamma-butyrolactones]. PMID- 6520709 TI - [Chemical studies on crude drug processing. II. Aconiti tuber (1). On the constituents of "chuan-wu", the dried tuber of Aconitum carmichaeli Debx]. PMID- 6520710 TI - [Chemical studies on crude drug processing. III. Aconiti tuber (2). On the constituents of "pao-fuzi", the processed tuber of Aconitum carmichaeli Debx, and biological activities of lipo-alkaloids]. PMID- 6520711 TI - [Chemical studies on crude drug processing. IV. Aconiti tuber (3). Quantitative determination of aconitine alkaloids in aconiti tuber by means of high performance liquid chromatography]. PMID- 6520712 TI - [Source of haze to freeze dried parenterals]. PMID- 6520713 TI - [Enzyme induction by rifampicin and its time-dependent pharmacokinetics]. PMID- 6520714 TI - [Damage of the microcapsule wall during compression]. PMID- 6520715 TI - [Study of crystalline drugs by means of polarizing microscope. V. Polarizing microscopy of antibiotic drugs listed in the Japanese Pharmacopoeia X]. PMID- 6520716 TI - [Antiviral compounds. XIV. Activities of alkoxy-acetophenones and -benzalacetones N-substituted amidinohydrazones]. PMID- 6520717 TI - [Studies on the synthesis of anti-inflammatory activity of 2,6-di-tert butylphenols with a heterocyclic group at the 4-position. IV. Photo-induced and base-catalyzed oxygenation of 4-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-oxo-4 imidazolines]. PMID- 6520718 TI - Clearance of parenterally administered 203Hg from the mouse tissues. AB - Peak 203Hg levels in the liver, kidney, spleen, lungs and the heart of mouse following a single intraperitoneal administration, fell exponentially. Half clearance time of 203Hg is the longest in the kidney (50 hr) followed by the liver (38 hr), spleen (25 hr) and the heart and lungs (16 hr). PMID- 6520719 TI - Growth characteristics of tumors induced by transplantation into athymic mice of BALB/3T3 cells transformed in vitro by residue organics from drinking water. AB - The growth and histopathological characteristics of tumors produced in nude mice by injection of morphologically transformed or normal BALB/3T3 1-13 cells were studied. Subcutaneous injection of 5 X 10(6) cells transformed in vitro by organic residue mixtures from samples of drinking water resulted in tumor growth in all animals with an average latency period of 25 days. Of the 13 animals receiving non-treated cells, three developed tumors with an average latency period of 127 days. Tumors grew progressively at the site of injection, reaching an average size of 1141 mm2 within 8-37 days. Most of the tumors, primarily those deriving from transformed cells, invaded the tumor bed and extended into the surrounding tissues. In few cases, extension of the tumor into the peritoneal cavity was observed. Microscopically all tumors were characterized as fibrosarcomas. PMID- 6520720 TI - Effects of ascorbic acid deficiency on methyl mercury dicyandiamide toxicosis in guinea pigs. AB - Methylmercury dicyandiamide (MMD) when given intraperitoneally at a dosage of 4 mg/kg of body weight at weekly intervals for 3 weeks resulted in death of guinea pigs fed an ascorbic acid deficient diet. Controls fed an ascorbic acid deficient diet survived during this period as did guinea pigs given MMD and fed an ascorbic acid adequate diet. In a second experiment, guinea pigs fed an ascorbic acid deficient diet containing 22 ppm of MMD died within 26 days and had severe hemorrhagic and ulcerative gastroenteritis and coagulative necrosis of the liver. Ascorbic acid deficient controls died at 34 days. The MMD-containing ascorbic acid adequate diet killed guinea pigs in 150 days. Guinea pigs fed an ascorbic acid deficient diet with 44 ppm of MMD died within 20 days with acute neurologic signs. Pathologic changes were mostly in the gray matter. Guinea pigs fed MMD and a diet with adequate ascorbic acid survived for 38 days whereas the ascorbic acid deficient controls survived for 47 days. Results indicate that ascorbic acid deficiency can be a factor in the location and severity of clinical signs and lesions of MMD. PMID- 6520721 TI - Effect of trace elements found in coal fly ash, on lymphocyte blastogenesis. AB - To evaluate the potential health effects of coal fly ash, a byproduct of coal combustion for electrical energy production, on the immune system, we studied the effects of trace elements found in fly ash on lymphocyte blastogenesis. Of the sixteen trace elements studied, seven inhibited lectin-induced lymphocyte division, six showed no inhibition and three produced inconsistent effects. The ranking of the toxicity of the elements is Mn, V, As (III), Cu, Cd, Se, and Be. Our data indicate that whole blood lectin-induced lymphocyte blastogenesis is a sensitive and reproducible test for in vitro screening of trace elements affecting the immune system. PMID- 6520722 TI - Toxicity evaluation of sub-chronic exposures to cyanogen in monkeys and rats. AB - A 6 mon (6 hr/day, 5 days/week) inhalation toxicity study was conducted with cyanogen gas using male rhesus monkeys (Macacca mulatta) and male albino rats (Charles River Strain) as experimental animals. Fifteen monkeys and 90 rats were divided into three groups of 5 monkeys and 30 rats. One group, the Controls, was not exposed to the test material; the other two groups were exposed to either 11 ppm or 25 ppm cyanogen. At the outset of exposures, there was a doubling of the rate of responding on a variable interval 2.9 min schedule of reinforcement in monkeys exposed to 25 ppm cyanogen, and increases were also seen in the monkeys receiving 11 ppm exposures; the increases were transitory as the rate returned to control levels before exposures were terminated. At the end of the 6 mon exposure, there were no effects in hematologic or clinical chemistry parameters attributable to the inhalation exposure to cyanogen. The electrocardiograms, and gross pathologic and histopathologic examinations of test animals were normal when compared with the Control animals. Total lung moisture content was significantly lower in monkeys exposed to either 11 ppm or 25 ppm cyanogen than in Control animals. Body weights were significantly lower in rats exposed to 25 ppm than in Controls. The results suggest that subchronic 25 ppm cyanogen exposures are marginally toxic, but the evidence on 11 ppm does not support a similar conclusion. PMID- 6520723 TI - Serum lipid and lipoprotein concentrations following exposure to ozone. AB - The effects of exposure to ozone (O3) on concentrations of serum lipids and lipoproteins were investigated. Male and female guinea pigs were exposed to O3 at 1 ppm for two weeks. Serum concentrations of cholesterol, triglycerides, low density (LDL) and very low density (VLDL) lipoproteins were elevated after O3 exposure, particularly in males. During O3 exposure the food intake per day decreased (for a constant body weight), suggesting that metabolic rate and possibly basal metabolic rate was lower. Lung wet weights increased during O3 exposure by 87% for males and 45% for females. When individual lung weight/body weight ratios were correlated with cholesterol and LDL values from the same animal, a high correlation is found for males (r = 0.81, P less than 0.05), suggesting that there may be a relationship between lipoprotein elevations and lung damage for males. Because elevated concentrations of lipids and lipoproteins in humans increase the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD), the lipoprotein results suggest that an epidemiological study of the incidence of CHD with metropolitan O3 levels may be warranted. PMID- 6520724 TI - The toxicology of lead shot ingestion in ringed turtle doves under conditions of cold exposure. AB - Ringed turtle doves (Streptopelia risoria) were dosed with 0 (N = 3) or 4 X 110 mg lead shot (N = 7) and were held at temperatures of 6 degrees C (+/- 1) for 7 days beginning 48 hr after lead shot dosing. Doves given 0 (N = 3) or 4 X 110 mg lead shot (N = 7) were maintained at 21 degrees +/- 1 degree C for a 9-day experimental period. Bone, liver and brain lead concentrations were higher in birds that ingested lead shot. Doves that ingested lead shot and were exposed to 6 degrees C temperatures had the highest liver lead concentration (155.94 micrograms/g dw) and 5 of 7 died. There was no mortality among doves maintained at 21 degrees C and among those maintained at 6 degrees C but not given lead shot. Among doves which accumulated high brain lead concentrations (mean = 11.32 micrograms/g) convulsive seizures were observed. Linear relationships were noted between liver lead and lead concentrations in breast muscle (breast muscle lead = 0.942 + 0.036 X), between liver lead and kidney lead (kidney lead = 495.75 + 8.47 X), and between hemoglobin and packed cell volume (packed cell volume = -1.57 + 2.52 X). PMID- 6520725 TI - Sunscreen agents induce DNA repair activity in mouse embryo fibroblasts. AB - In this study we have examined the DNA repair profile and cell survival of mouse 10T1/2 fibroblasts after exposure to UVC (254 nm) and the sunscreen agents p aminobenzoic acid, dihydroxyacetone, Escalol 506, and Escalol 507. DNA repair was monitored by BrdUrd photolysis and alkaline gradient sedimentation. The results indicate that in the treatment protocol utilized, Escalol 506 and Escalol 507 were capable of inducing DNA repair activity in the absence of UVC. Data are also presented which illustrate the protective effect preincubation with Escalol 507 has upon cell survival. PMID- 6520726 TI - Effect of subchronic oral sulfamethazine administration on Fischer 344 rats and B6C3F1 mice. AB - One hundred and forty four Fischer 344 rats and 144 B6C3F1 mice of both sexes were fed either a control diet or a diet containing 300, 600, 1200, 2400 or 3600 ppm sulfamethazine for 90 days. They were then necropsied and tissue specimens were evaluated for pathological changes by light and transmission electron microscopy. No gross or light microscopic lesions related to sulfamethazine administration were evident in the mice. Thyroid gland enlargement was evident at necropsy in one half of the rats (12 of 24) which received the 3600 ppm dosage level of sulfamethazine and in 1 of 24 rats fed the 2400 ppm level. By light microscopy, thyroid gland hyperplasia was evident in rats which received all five dosage levels of the compound, but the change was more pronounced and of a greater incidence in those administered the higher concentrations. This effect was observed in rats of both sexes but its incidence was greater in males than in females among the groups receiving the lower concentrations of compound. Ultrastructural changes included markedly dilated rough endoplasmic reticulium, altered microvilli and diminished colloid droplets involving the thyroid follicular cells and compartmentalization of colloid within the follicular lumina. PMID- 6520727 TI - Effects of the acute rising dose administration of chlorine dioxide, chlorate and chlorite to normal healthy adult male volunteers. AB - Chlorine dioxide is under consideration for use as a water disinfectant alternative to chlorination in the United States. A rising dose tolerance study was undertaken to assess the relative safety and tolerance of acute administration of chlorine dioxide and its byproducts, chlorite and chlorate, to normal healthy adult male volunteers. In evaluation of an extensive battery of laboratory tests and vital signs, no adverse physiological effects were identified. This provided a data base upon which a controlled 5-month study trial of these substances in normal healthy volunteer subjects was designed. PMID- 6520728 TI - The effects of chronic administration of chlorine dioxide, chlorite and chlorate to normal healthy adult male volunteers. AB - The physiological impact of chronic 12 week ingestion of chlorine dioxide and its byproducts, chlorite and chlorate, was compared to the effects of chlorine, chloramine and untreated water. The water disinfectant solutions were administered daily (500 ml, 5 ppm) to normal healthy adult male volunteers. An extensive battery of tests was used to evaluate the physiological impact of the ingested water disinfectants. Upon analysis of both quantitative and qualitative parameters it was concluded that the 12 week chronic administration of chlorine dioxide and its byproducts was accompanied by no clinically important physiological effects. PMID- 6520729 TI - The effects of chronic administration of chlorite to glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficient healthy adult male volunteers. AB - Under controlled laboratory conditions, the safety of daily ingestion of 5 ppm chlorine dioxide, chlorite and chlorate by normal healthy adult males has been established. To determine the effect upon potentially susceptible individuals, a parallel chronic human investigation was undertaken. Study subjects were three healthy adult males deficient in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. These volunteers received 500 ml of sodium chlorite at a concentration of 5 ppm daily for twelve consecutive weeks; the subsequent observation period extended an additional eight weeks. Upon evaluation of an extensive battery of tests designed to measure the biochemical and physiological response to chlorite ingestion, no clinically significant changes were detected. PMID- 6520730 TI - The carcinogenic potential of benzidine-based dyes. PMID- 6520731 TI - Influence of dietary lipid upon ultraviolet light-carcinogenesis. AB - Dietary fats are known to influence the rate of formation of certain types of chemically-induced and spontaneous tumors. An earlier report indicated dietary fat also plays an important role in predisposition to ultraviolet light (UV) carcinogenesis. Thus, an examination of the effects of dietary lipid level, degree of saturation, and antioxidant supplements on UV-carcinogenesis was undertaken. Twelve groups of 42 animals each received a restricted, semipurified, isocaloric diet containing 4%, 12%, or 12% (60% hydrogenated) corn oil with or without antioxidants (2%, w/w). A regimen of escalating UV irradiation was employed until an accumulative dose of 142 J/cm2 had been delivered. Animals were evaluated weekly for actinic lesions and biweekly for body weights, hematocrits, and serum triglyceride levels. A cumulative distribution function of time to tumor formation was estimated for all irradiated groups from which tumor development time in 50% (TDT50) of the population was derived. Although there were no significant differences in TDT50's between animals receiving low and high unsaturated lipid dietary regimens, animals receiving hydrogenated corn oil demonstrated a significantly (P less than 0.01) greater TDT50. Further, animals receiving hydrogenated 12% corn oil demonstrated fewer tumors per animal than those receiving either level of unsaturated corn oil. Antioxidants had no effect on TDT50's within any of the dietary groups. However, in regard to number of tumors per animal, greater tumor multiplicity was observed in groups receiving unsaturated lipid and antioxidants. These data demonstrate that the degree of dietary lipid saturation modifies the carcinogenic response to UV and, in conjunction with an earlier report, suggest that dietary lipid may modify the previously reported inhibitory effect of antioxidants on UV carcinogenesis. It may be concluded that adherence to dietary standards is as important as other experimental parameters when comparisons of UV effects are involved. PMID- 6520732 TI - The combined effects of asbestos ingestion and localized X-irradiation of the colon in rats. AB - We hypothesized that the normal bowel may afford some protection to tissue penetration of ingested asbestos, due to the mucus produced by goblet cells which normally coats the gut surface. To study this, we exposed localized segments of the colons of laboratory rats to X-irradiation. These animals were then divided into 3 groups which were fed either a diet containing 10% chrysotile asbestos, a diet containing 10% non-nutritive cellulose fiber, or a standard laboratory diet. Autopsies and histopathology were performed on all animals that died spontaneously and those that were killed at 350 days. Various types of inflammatory and degenerative lesions were commonly seen, but there was little difference in frequency between the diet groups. Five adenocarcinomas and two sarcomas were seen in the fiber groups (three tumors in the asbestos group and four tumors in the cellulose group) but no tumors were seen in animals on the standard diet. There was not a significant difference in tumor rates between the asbestos and cellulose groups, nor was there a significant difference between the combined fiber groups and the standard diet group. It was concluded that the x ray treatment resulted in localized damage to the colonic mucosa and, therefore, theoretically disrupted the normal mucus coating allowing the potential for increased tissue penetration by the asbestos. Ingested asbestos did not increase the risk for tumor development and, therefore, does not seem to be co carcinogenic or a tumor promoter in combination with disruption of mucus coating and localized X-irradiation. PMID- 6520733 TI - Benzo(a)pyrene metabolism in hepatic microsomes from feral and 3 methycholanthrene-treated southern flounder, Paralichthys lethostigma. AB - Benzo(a)pyrene hydroxylase (AHH) activities were measured in hepatic microsomes from untreated and 3-methylcholanthrene (3-MC) treated southern flounder (Paralichthys lethostigma). The AHH activities of only three of the feral animals appeared to be uninduced, i.e., AHH activities were very low (14 to 22 pmol/min/mg protein) and were stimulated approximately 2-fold by 7,8-benzoflavone (7,8-BF)-in vitro. All remaining untreated animals had higher AHH activities (72 to 623 pmol/min/mg) which were markedly inhibited by 7,8-BF (78.2 +/- 3.0%). These fish were much more similar to the 3-MC induced fish (843 +/- 120 pmol/min/mg and 81% inhibition by 7,8-BF) than to the uninduced animals. However, all three groups (feral with low AHH activity, feral with high AHH activity and 3 MC treated) showed very similar patterns of benzo(a)pyrene (BP) metabolism with a marked preference for benzo-ring oxidation (60% of total metabolites). The pattern of BP metabolism in flounder is in marked contrast to that of the control rat, but is similar to that of the 3-MC induced rat. These results suggest that, at least in the pattern of BP metabolism, flounder hepatic microsomes and their constitutive cytochromes P-450 from untreated and polycyclic hydrocarbon induced fish are similar to rat hepatic cytochromes P-450 induced by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon administration. PMID- 6520735 TI - Oxidative metabolites of the teratogen and transplacental carcinogen diethylstilbestrol in the fetal Syrian golden hamster. AB - 14C-labelled diethylstilbestrol was administered orally, intraperitoneally, and intrafetally to 15-day pregnant hamsters and the radioactivity determined in the fetus, placenta, and maternal liver after six hours. Significant amounts of radioactivity were found in these tissues in every case, indicating maternal fetal and fetal-maternal transfer of diethylstilbestrol. Part of the radioactivity found in the tissues could not be extracted even after excessive washing. This implied the presence of reactive metabolites. In the fetal and placental extracts, eight oxidative metabolites of diethylstilbestrol were identified by mass fragmentography as hydroxy- and methoxy-derivatives of diethylstilbestrol pseudo diethylstilbestrol, and dienestrol. The presence of oxidative metabolites in the hamster fetus and the covalent binding to tissue macromolecules are possibly associated with the fetotoxic effect of diethylstilbestrol. PMID- 6520734 TI - Immunotoxicologic effects of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) in rabbits. AB - Male white New Zealand rabbits were exposed orally to 0, 0.01, 0.1, 1 and 10 micrograms/kg/wk of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) for a period of 8 weeks. After 4 and 6 weeks of first TCDD administration, the rabbits were inoculated with a mixture of tetanus toxoid and Freund's adjuvant. TCDD exposure reduced the serum antitoxin titers, skin sensitivity to tuberculin, and the number of antibody producing cells in popliteal lymph nodes. At the end of the treatment period serum IgG levels were increased at the lowest dose of TCDD treatment while a marked depression was noticed at the highest dose level. An increase in the thymidine uptake by splenic lymphocytes in culture was noted at all levels of TCDD treatment whereas the response of these cells to phytomitogens was decreased at high levels of TCDD exposure. All different immunologic effects were not altered at the lowest TCDD treatment but both humoral and cell-mediated immune responses were depressed at the highest level of TCDD exposure. PMID- 6520736 TI - An improved procedure for low-dose carcinogenic risk assessment from animal data. AB - An improved procedure is presented for estimating low-dose risks from dichotomous animal data based upon the multistage model of cancer. The procedure embodies both a proper fit to experimental data and an assumption of approximate linearity of the dose-response curve in the low-dose range. Because of this low-dose linearity the procedure may be also considered to be a generalized method for linear extrapolation which uses all of the data. The extrapolation method is different from an earlier method based upon the multistage model in that an improved procedure is put forward for calculating statistical confidence limits and a recommendation is made for the integration of several data sets in the calculation of risk levels. PMID- 6520737 TI - Non-carcinogenicity of dihydroxyacetone by skin painting. PMID- 6520739 TI - Use of immobilized enzyme coupled with an electrochemical sensor for the detection of organophosphates and carbamates pesticides. AB - The feasibility of an acetylcholinesterase electrode to detect pesticides is shown. The enzyme electrode is produced by coupling an electrochemical sensor (a slightly modified pH glass electrode) and an enzymic layer. Carbaryl (I) and azinphosethyl (II) are used as examples; typical recordings of the electrode signal and calibration curves are presented. The measurements were taken directly with inhibitor in the presence of substrate (I) or after incubation of the enzymic film (II). The electrode behavior can be modulated by varying the amount of enzyme immobilized in the film and by varying the concentration of substrate used during measurement. For I, the detection level is about 1.0 ppm and I50 = 6 10(-6) M, with acetylcholine as substrate. For II, the detection level is 1 ppm and I50 is dependent on the time of incubation. This new type of pesticide sensor could be used in air and water pollution control and is intended to be complementary to existing analytical methods. PMID- 6520738 TI - The role of urinary physiological changes in the genesis of urothelial lesions in mice given 4-ethylsulfonylnaphthalene-1-sulfonamide, acetazolamide, and oxamide. AB - BALB/c female mice were administered several compounds, including 4 ethylsulfonylnaphthalene-1-sulfonamide, acetazolamide, and oxamide, in the diet for six weeks. Fresh urine samples were analyzed three times per week for pH, osmolality, micro-crystals, and protein; and a histopathological evaluation was made of the urothelium at the end of the six weeks test. Incidences of hyperplasia, nodular hyperplasia, vacuolization, ulceration and acute inflammation of the bladder urothelium appeared to be related to the osmolality of the urine and the micro-crystalluria experienced by the mice. Correlation coefficients between lesions and urinary osmolality or crystals were -0.69 (p less than 0.0001) and 0.31 (p less than 0.03), respectively, at the 5% significance level. PMID- 6520740 TI - The effect of consumption of the pyrrolizidine alkaloid-containing plant Senecio jacobaea on iron and copper metabolism in the rat. AB - The effect of dietary tansy ragwort (Senecio jacobaea), a pyrrolizidine alkaloid (PA)-containing plant, on mineral metabolism in rats was studied. In experiment 1, rats were fed a dietary level of 5% tansy ragwort. At intervals of 1, 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks animals were killed and tissue mineral levels determined. As compared to comparable controls, rats fed tansy ragwort showed by 6 weeks elevated liver and spleen copper and iron levels. Experiment 2 was a 3 X 4 factorial experiment with added dietary copper levels of 0, 50 and 250 ppm, and tansy ragwort levels of 0, 1, 2.5 and 5%. Liver copper levels increased markedly with increasing levels of tansy ragwort; at 0, 50 and 250 ppm added copper, liver copper levels were 4, 18 and 21 times greater in rats fed 5% tansy ragwort as compared to those with no tansy ragwort. Increases in liver iron and spleen copper were noted with consumption of tansy ragwort. Higher liver copper levels were observed when a casein-based diet rather than a soybean meal diet was used, suggesting an effect of phytate in soybean meal in reducing copper absorption. In the last experiment, 59Fe was administered to rats fed diets with or without tansy ragwort. After 5 weeks on tansy ragwort, rats showed very low levels of 59Fe in erythrocytes, tibia and liver, and elevated levels in spleen and kidney, suggesting either an impairment of hematopoesis or accelerated erythrocyte destruction as a result of PA consumption. These results indicate that PA's cause increased liver copper content, and disturbances in iron metabolism. PMID- 6520741 TI - The effect of in vivo ozone exposure to Dorset sheep, an animal model with low levels of erythrocyte glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity. AB - Female Dorset sheep were exposed in vivo to ambient ozone levels of 0.12 ppm, 0.25 ppm, 0.50 ppm, 0.70 ppm for 2.75 hours and the effects of this exposure upon erythrocytes were studied. Ozone exposure induced biochemical evidence of oxidant stress as indicated by decreases in GSH levels (at 0.5 and 0.7 ppm ozone) and ACHE (at 0.7 ppm), increases in MetHb (from 0.12 ppm upward) and decreases in red blood cell counts (from 0.12 ppm upward). However, only the decrease in GSH levels at the 0.5 ppm ozone exposure was statistically significant (p = 0.05). PMID- 6520742 TI - Correlation of parameters of cadmium exposure with onset of cadmium-induced nephropathy in rats. AB - Rats were injected daily, five days/week, with 0.6 mg Cd/kg as CdCl2 for eight weeks. Groups of rats were sacrificed weekly. Urine, plasma and tissue cadmium levels, and morphology of renal cortex were studied. No abnormal effects were found until the fifth or sixth week when cadmium in kidney reached about 100 micrograms/g tissue. At this time, renal tubular lining cells showed an increase in lysosomes, microbodies and smooth endoplasmic reticulum and a low molecular weight cadmium-binding species was detectable in plasma. These changes were followed by the onset of glycosuria and proteinuria, accompanied by abnormal mitochondrial morphology. This progressed to cellular swelling and finally necrosis at the seventh and eighth weeks when cadmium concentration of the kidney reached about 200 micrograms/g of tissue. It is concluded that there are two phases in the development of cadmium induced nephropathy. Phase I is an adaptive phase characterized by some increase in smooth endoplasmic reticulum, microbodies and secondary lysosomes and the presence of metallothionein intracellularly in liver and kidney, but no detectable metallothionein in plasma and no increase in urinary cadmium. Phase II is a toxic phase characterized by detectable low molecular weight cadmium-binding species in plasma and evidence of renal tubular dysfunction followed by lethal injury to renal tubular lining cells. PMID- 6520743 TI - Linear systems analysis and moment analysis in the evaluation of bacampicillin bioavailability from microcapsule suspensions. AB - Linear systems analysis, i.e., numerical convolution/deconvolution, and moment analysis have been performed on data obtained from microcapsules containing the ampicillin prodrug bacampicillin hydrochloride. Three batches with different in vitro dissolution rates were scrutinized. From the results, it is concluded that numerical convolution/deconvolution is a valuable tool for predicting bacampicillin bioavailability. However, it must be emphasized that the selection of an appropriate time module is important for predicting an in vivo response that reflects the actual situation. This was verified by comparing the predicted plasma response values with the values obtained in a bioavailability study in healthy volunteers. A correlation between mean residence time in vivo and mean dissolution time in vitro was also found which thus demonstrates the usefulness of moment analysis for obtaining an in vivo-in vitro relationship. This relationship was compared to a correlation found between the mean dissolution time in vitro and the empirical maximum plasma concentration of bacampicillin. PMID- 6520744 TI - Pharmacokinetics of l-propranolol during repetitive dosing in normal and uranyl nitrate-induced renal failure rats. AB - The effect of experimental renal failure on the intravenous and oral pharmacokinetics of l-propranolol was studied in rats. Renal failure was induced by a single intravenous injection of uranyl nitrate (5 mg/kg). Pharmacokinetic studies were carried out on the fifth day after injection of the renal toxin (renal failure group) or saline (control group). Serum concentration time course of l-propranolol was characterized after a single intravenous or oral dose as well as after five consecutive doses of the drug given at 3-hr intervals. During repetitive intravenous drug administration, steady state was reached by the second dose, i.e., within 6 hr after initiation of repetitive dosing. No significant difference in the serum concentration time course of l-propranolol was observed between control and renal failure animals. In both groups the AUC over the steady-state dosing interval was on the average 21-27% higher than the AUC after a single dose, indicating a slight decrease in the systemic clearance of l-propranolol during repetitive intravenous drug administration. An approximately two- to three-fold higher serum l-propranolol concentration was observed in renal failure animals as compared to the normal controls after both single or repetitive oral dosing. The apparent reduction in oral clearance probably reflected an inhibition of the hepatic first-pass metabolism of l propranolol in the renal failure rat. An unexpectedly high and protracted accumulation of serum l-propranolol concentration was observed during repetitive oral drug administration. Continuing accumulation was still evident after the fifth oral dose, i.e., a period of 15 hr or approximately 10 half-lives. The mean AUC over the last dosing interval was 32.0 and 17.8 times higher than the predicted steady-state estimate based on single oral dose data for control and renal failure rats, respectively. The substantial reduction in the oral clearance during repetitive drug administration may be due to an auto-inhibition of l propranolol metabolism. PMID- 6520746 TI - Analytical approximations of sensitivities of steady state predictions to errors in parameter estimation: II. Michaelis-Menten kinetics. AB - Linear sensitivity theory is used to estimate the reliability of predictions of the minimum and maximum concentrations at steady state in the Michaelis-Menten model with i.v. bolus. The dependence of the relative errors in the predictions on the errors in the pharmacokinetic parameters is derived in an analytical form. It is shown that the quality of the predictions is not equally sensitive to all errors in parameters, and that the sensitivity factors vary with the degree of saturation of the system. An example of application for a drug, such as phenytoin, is discussed. It is suggested that sensitivity analysis may be useful in design of pharmacokinetic experiments aimed at the control of steady state levels for drugs with Michaelis-Menten kinetics. PMID- 6520745 TI - Induction of quinidine metabolism and plasma protein binding by phenobarbital in dogs. AB - Two porta-caval transposed mongrel dogs were studied for phenobarbital (PB) induction of quinidine disposition after separate quinidine infusions via normal intravenous route and via portal vein. The plasma concentrations of quinidine and of three metabolites measured (3-OH quinidine, quinidine N-oxide, quinidine 10,11 dihydrodiol) were quite similar between i.v. and portal vein infusions, suggesting that the liver extraction ratio for quinidine in dogs is very low. After PB pretreatment plasma quinidine concentrations at the end of a 10 hr infusion increased about twofold while the half-life decreased from a control value of about 16 hr to 6 hr. Plasma concentrations of the three major metabolites measured were also increased following PB treatment. Plasma protein binding for quinidine and two of its three measured metabolites (3-hydroxy quinidine and quinidine N-oxide) were increased after PB treatment. Pharmacokinetic analysis of the data showed a decrease in steady-state volume of distribution (Vdss) of quinidine from an average value of 153 L to 54 L after PB treatment, while the total clearance did not change (6.6 vs. 5.6 L/hr). This decrease in Vdss could be explained by an increase in plasma protein binding of quinidine after PB treatment. The unbound nonrenal clearance of quinidine was induced by PB treatment. The decrease in fraction free in plasma and increase in unbound nonrenal (hence total) clearance resulted in little or no change in total plasma clearance for quinidine. The formation rate constants calculated for two quinidine metabolites, 3-hydroxy quinidine and quinidine N-oxide, were increased after PB treatment, suggesting an induction in these two metabolic pathways. Only quinidine 10,11-dihydrodiol was found in the bile after quinidine infusion, and the biliary clearance of this metabolite was also induced after PB treatment. PMID- 6520747 TI - Mean residence time in peripheral tissue: a linear disposition parameter useful for evaluating a drug's tissue distribution. PMID- 6520748 TI - Extended least squares nonlinear regression: a possible solution to the "choice of weights" problem in analysis of individual pharmacokinetic data. AB - It is often difficult to specify weights for weighted least squares nonlinear regression analysis of pharmacokinetic data. Improper choice of weights may lead to inaccurate and/or imprecise estimates of pharmacokinetic parameters. Extended least squares nonlinear regression provides a possible solution to this problem by allowing the incorporation of a general parametric variance model. Weighted least squares and extended least squares analyses of data from a simulated pharmacokinetic experiment were compared. Weighted least squares analysis of the simulated data, using commonly used weighting schemes, yielded estimates of pharmacokinetic parameters that were significantly biased, whereas extended least squares estimates were unbiased. Extended least squares estimates were often significantly more precise than were weighted least squares estimates. It is suggested that extended least squares regression should be further investigated for individual pharmacokinetic data analysis. PMID- 6520750 TI - Physiological model for distribution of sulfathiazole in swine. AB - A physiological flow model was developed for the distribution of sulfathiazole residues in various tissues in swine. The approach was compartmental, in which the compartments and equilibrium constants had physiological meaning. Differential equations were developed, and appropriate parameter values and initial conditions were substituted and solved by a fourth-order Runga-Kutta technique. Simulation values corresponded with the experimentally determined concentration values in plasma and kidney, liver, muscle, fat, and heart tissues. PMID- 6520749 TI - Possible mechanism behind the adjuvant action of phosphate derivatives on rectal absorption of cefoxitin in rats and dogs. AB - The mechanism underlying the ability of phosphate derivatives to act as adjuvants and coadjuvants was examined in in vivo and in situ preparations in rats and dogs. The adjuvant effect of DL-alpha-glycerophosphate on the rectal absorption of sodium cefoxitin was greatly augmented by the presence of either sodium phytate or sodium tripolyphosphate. These coadjuvants only slightly enhanced cefoxitin rectal absorption when administered alone. Therefore, enhancement of the permeation of tripolyphosphate and phytate by alpha-glycerophosphate may be necessary before the coadjuvants can significantly affect cefoxitin absorption. The inhibitory effect of disodium 4,4'-diisothiocyano-2,2'-disulfonate stilbene, which is known to interact with the amino group in the protein fraction, on enhanced cefoxitin absorption suggests the involvement of the protein fraction in transport of cefoxitin across the rectal membrane. PMID- 6520751 TI - Neutron activation of iron tablets to evaluate the effects of glycine on iron absorption. AB - Neutron bombardment (neutron flux, 3 X 10(12) neutrons/cm2/s) of prepared iron tablets containing glycine-iron or iron alone was performed to prepare radioactive tablets to assess the effects of glycine on iron absorption from tableted formulations. No interfering isotopes of sufficient quantity were generated during neutron activation of the iron tablets. Cobalt-60 was the major trace mineral detected and accounted for only 1.3% of the total activity. There may have been trace amounts of zinc-65 or chromium-51 present, but they were not detectable above background radioactivity in the final tablet produced. Iron-59 represented greater than 98% of the radioactivity present in the tablets used in the study. Glycine-containing iron tablets produced dramatically higher amounts of iron in blood and tissues of rabbits (p less than 0.05) than did the same tablet formulations without glycine. The area under the iron blood concentration time curve over 4 h increased by 67% with glycine added to the formulation over control iron tablets. Iron concentrations in tissues 4 h after iron administration was in the order of blood greater than liver greater than heart greater than kidney greater than muscle. PMID- 6520752 TI - Direct preparation of spherically agglomerated salicylic acid crystals during crystallization. AB - Needle-like salicylic acid crystals were transformed into a spherically shaped dense form during crystallization by the spherical crystallization technique. Agitation of a mixture of ethanol-water-chloroform containing salicylic acid yielded spherically agglomerated salicylic acid crystals. The crystallinity of the agglomerated salicylic acid the amount of ethanol in the solvent mixture was decreased. The wettability of the agglomerated crystals increased when the amount of ethanol in the solvent mixture was decreased, and this enhanced the dissolution rate of the crystals. The remarkable improvements in the flow and packing of the agglomerated crystals enabled the direct compression of the crystals. PMID- 6520753 TI - Effect of aging on hydrocortisone-polyethylene glycol 4000 and hydrocortisone polyvinylpyrrolidone dispersions. AB - Dispersions containing 40% hydrocortisone were prepared by the solvent method in polyethylene glycol 4000. Dispersions in polyvinylpyrrolidone were prepared by slow evaporation of solvent (type A) and by fast evaporation of solvent (type B). These dispersions were stored at 25 degrees C for 30 d. Plots of time required for 50% (t50%) and 70% (t70%) of the hydrocortisone dispersion to dissolve (beaker method) versus time were obtained. Hydrocortisone-polyethylene glycol showed no apparent significant change in either dissolution rate, X-ray spectra, or scanning electron micrographs. Type A dispersions showed an increase in dissolution rate up to 8 d. Type B dispersions showed an initial decrease followed by an increase in dissolution rate. The initial decrease in dissolution rate of type B dispersions is due to hydrocortisone crystallizing out of the polyvinylpyrrolidone matrix. The increased dissolution for both types of polyvinylpyrrolidone dispersions was not expected and is for both types of polyvinylpyrrolidone dispersions was not expected and is explained by an increased proportion of the high-energy amorphous component, based on X-ray spectra. Other possibilities such as the presence of polymorphic forms of hydrocortisone and/or reduction in particle aggregation could not be discounted. PMID- 6520754 TI - Liquid chromatographic determination and plasma concentration profile of optical isomers of ibuprofen in humans. AB - A sensitive and specific high-performance liquid chromatographic assay for the optical isomers of ibuprofen in plasma is reported. The isomers were converted to their diastereoisomeric S(+)-2-octyl esters and were resolved with two silica columns in series and a mobile phase containing 0.05% isopropyl alcohol in heptane. The lower limit of sensitivity was 0.5 micrograms/mL. The plasma concentrations of the optical isomers in a normal volunteer following administration of racemic, S(+)-, and R(-)-ibuprofen are reported. Following administration of R(-)-ibuprofen, there was stereoselective inversion of R(-)- to S(+)-ibuprofen. PMID- 6520755 TI - alpha-Phenyl-beta-(3,4-dimethoxy)phenethylamines: novel inhibitors of choline acetyltransferase from Torpedo electric organ. AB - Some derivatives of alpha-phenyl-beta-(3,4-dimethoxy)phenethylamine that might bear a certain conformational resemblance to choline were prepared. The in vitro inhibition of choline acetyltransferase from Torpedo electric organ was investigated. These compounds gave variable degrees of inhibition; the most potent inhibitor was, N,N,N,-trimethyl-alpha-phenyl-beta-(3,4 dimethoxy)phenethylammonium++ + iodide, with an I50 of 1.3 X 10(-5) M. The inhibition of choline acetyltransferase from Spodoptera littoralis larval brains was also determined for comparative study. The aforementioned compound has an I50 of 9 X 10(-6) M on choline acetyltransferase from this source. PMID- 6520756 TI - Quantitation of acetaminophen, chlorpheniramine maleate, dextromethorphan hydrobromide, and phenylpropanolamine hydrochloride in combination using high performance liquid chromatography. AB - A high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method has been developed for the quantitation of acetaminophen, chlorpheniramine maleate, dextromethorphan hydrobromide, and phenylpropanolamine hydrochloride in combination in pharmaceutical dosage forms using a single column and three different mobile phases. The method developed is sensitive for the content uniformity test for tablets. No preliminary extraction procedure is required for liquid preparation and a very simple extraction procedure is required for tablets. The method is accurate and precise with RSD (based on five injections) of 1.2, 2.4, 1.9, and 1.6% for acetaminophen, chlorpheniramine, dextromethorphan, and phenylpropanolamine, respectively. PMID- 6520757 TI - Determination of codeine in human plasma by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. AB - A high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method for the determination of codeine in human plasma is described. The specific, precise, and sensitive method can be used to determine plasma codeine levels after administration of therapeutic doses of codeine. After purification on a C18 extraction column, codeine in the form of hydrochloride is eluted. After addition of the internal standard, the codeine is separated on a reverse-phase C18 column using a slightly alkaline mobile phase and is then determined by UV detection. The analysis takes 3.5 min per run; the limit of detection is approximately 3 micrograms/L for a 50 microL loop and 800 microL of plasma. The absolute recovery is 98.4 +/- 6.7% (n = 14) in the 10-300-micrograms/L range. Within the range, the calibration curve is linear. PMID- 6520758 TI - Influence of lipid composition and ionic strength on the physical stability of liposomes. AB - The effect of including charge-inducing agents (stearylamine or phosphatidylserine) on the zeta potential of phosphatidylcholine-cholesterol containing liposomes in aqueous media with varying ionic strength (sodium chloride) was investigated. In 150 mM ionic strength solutions, the experimentally obtained zeta potentials were in good agreement with predictions made with the Gouy-Chapman equation, after proper correction for bulk ionic interaction. However, at low ionic strength, substantial deviations occurred which were ascribed to incomplete dissociation of the phosphatidylserine molecules or protonation of the stearylamine molecules due to the large diffuse double layer (Debye length). Predictions were made on the physical stability of the liposomes based on the Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek (DLVO) theory and current knowledge of hydration effects on interparticle interaction. For negatively charged liposomes, both at low and high ionic strength, no increase in particle size was found after storage. For low ionic strength solutions, this agreed with the calculations; for the high ionic strength solutions, aggregate formation in a secondary minimum was expected. For positively charged liposomes, the physical stability predicted from theoretical considerations did not correlate with the experimentally observed stability. PMID- 6520759 TI - Hydrolysis of some poly(ortho-ester)s in homogeneous solutions. AB - The hydrolysis of poly(ortho-ester)s and a monomeric model compound, 3,9 dibenzyloxy-3,9-diethyl-2,4,8,10-tetraoxaspiro[5,5]un decane, was carried out in dioxane-d8-dioxane and followed by 1H-NMR and HPLC, respectively. Experimental results suggested that the polymer degradation proceeds to a large extent via random scission. The hydrolysis was catalyzed by the acid; the catalytic rate constant increased predictably with decreasing aqueous pKa of the acid. The reaction is first order with respect to the catalyst concentration and the number of ortho-ester linkages present, and it is independent of water in the concentration range studied. Strain at the ortho-ester bond may be a factor influencing the hydrolysis rate. PMID- 6520760 TI - Liquid membrane phenomenon in diuretics. AB - Surface activity and critical micelle concentrations are reported for two diuretic drugs, furosemide and triamterene. The drugs generate a liquid membrane on a supporting membrane. Transport of chloride, sodium, and potassium ions through the liquid membranes generated by the drugs was studied. The data suggest that the phenomenon of liquid membrane formation may contribute to the diuretic action. PMID- 6520761 TI - Difference spectrophotometric assay of 1,2-diphenolic drugs in pharmaceutical formulations II: Germanium dioxide reagent. AB - A rapid, difference UV spectrophotometric assay of formulated drugs containing a 1,2-diphenolic group is described. In this assay are utilized the bathochromic shift of the absorption band of 1,2-diphenolic substances from approximately 280 to approximately 287 nm and the concomitant hyperchromic effect induced by the addition of germanium dioxide to an aqueous solution of the drug buffered at pH 6. The absorbance of the solution of the complexed drug relative to that of an equimolar solution of the free drug, which is maximum at approximately 292 nm, is proportional to the concentration of the drug and is unaffected by the presence of other UV-absorbing substances in the formulations that lack the 1,2-diphenolic moiety. Applications of the assay are described for formulations containing epinephrine, isoetharine, isoproterenol, levodopa, and methyldopa. PMID- 6520762 TI - Influence of mode of intravenous administration and blood sample collection on rat pharmacokinetic data. AB - The influence of the mode of intravenous dosing and blood sample collection on the pharmacokinetics of 4-[(3-methoxyphenyl)-methyl]-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-oxa-4 aza-2, 6-disilacyclohexane hydrochloride (I) was studied in the rat. Blood samples obtained from the tail and by exsanguination following injection of the 14C-labeled drug into the caudal vein, the jugular vein, and the heart were analyzed for total radioactivity, and the concentration profiles from the different treatments were compared. Dosing and sampling from the tail vein resulted in significantly different blood levels (and related pharmacokinetic parameters) when compared to other methods, probably attributable to a local depot effect. Intracardiac administration tended to cause higher drug levels in the heart than intravenous doses, although no significant differences were found between the respective blood concentrations. The results showed that caudal vein injection is a simple and adequate method of intravenous administration in rats designated for exsanguinated blood and tissue collection. For serial blood sampling in individual animals, the dose may be given via the jugular vein and the blood collected from the cut tail. These methods require little or no surgical preparations and are particularly suitable for prolonged sampling in studies where a relatively large number of animals are involved. PMID- 6520763 TI - Nonaqueous cephalosporin suspension for parenteral administration: cefazolin sodium. AB - The flocculation-deflocculation behavior of cefazolin sodium (I) in nonaqueous media and the effect of surfactants as measured by zeta potential, sedimentation, and porosity were studied. A significant difference in zeta potential was observed when the particles were suspended in different nonaqueous media. The addition of surfactant produced a deflocculated state. The surfactant deflocculated the particles by a process of supersaturation and crystallization involving a surfactant-cefazolin complex. The shielding effect of the surfactant on the surface of the particles also apparently affected their electrophoretic properties. Kinetic studies on the stability of the drug as a function of temperature were conducted; it appears that the chemical stability in ethyl oleate at room temperature is adequate for a reasonable shelf life. The efficiency of absorption of the drug from the ethyl oleate suspension was evaluated after intramuscular administration in dogs. The area under the plasma concentration versus time curve and urinary recovery indicated that cefazolin was 100% bioavailable from this nonaqueous preparation. PMID- 6520764 TI - Liquid chromatographic assay for diflorasone diacetate in cream and ointment formulations. AB - A high-performance liquid chromatographic assay for quantitating diflorasone diacetate (I) in cream and ointment formulations and in bulk form is described. Isoflupredone acetate (II) was used as the internal standard and a 3-micron silica gel column with a mobile phase comprised of water-saturated butyl chloride water-saturated methylene chloride-tetrahydrofuran-acetic acid (350:125:10:15) led to an efficient separation. The method gave accurate results for four formulations, two creams and two ointments, as well as the bulk drug. The assay has an RSD of approximately 1.8% for the cream formulations, 1.3% for the ointment formulations, and 1.0% for the bulk drug. The method is specific for I and capable of resolving structurally related compounds. PMID- 6520765 TI - gamma-Aminobutyric acid uptake inhibition and anticonvulsant activity of nipecotic acid esters. AB - n-Alkyl esters of nipecotic acid were prepared by Fischer esterification, and the esters were evaluated against bicuculline-induced seizures in mice. Evaluation of the alkyl esters for inhibition of gamma-aminobutyric acid uptake into mouse whole brain mini-slices revealed that the order of potency was proportional to chain length. The octyl ester inhibited gamma-aminobutyric acid and beta-alanine uptakes by apparently nonspecific mechanisms. A variety of phenyl esters of nipecotic acid were also synthesized utilizing either dicyclohexylcarbodiimide or 1,1'-carbonyldiimidazole as the condensing agent. Most of the phenyl esters were potent inhibitors of gamma-aminobutyric acid uptake. The uptake inhibition appeared to involve specific and nonspecific (detergent-like) mechanisms. The m nitrophenyl and p-nitrophenyl esters were particularly potent against bicuculline induced seizures in mice. PMID- 6520766 TI - Accurate, wide-range, automated, high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the estimation of octanol/water partition coefficients I: Effect of chromatographic conditions and procedure variables on accuracy and reproducibility of the method. AB - A high-performance liquid-chromatographic (HPLC) procedure is reported for estimation of the logarithm of the octanol/water partition coefficient, log P(o/w). This automated log P(o/w) measurement (ALPM) circumvents many inherent difficulties with the shake-flask method, yet gives high reproducibility and excellent overall correlation with shake-flask results. Partition coefficients for numerous structurally diverse chemicals, ranging from approximately 0 to approximately 8 log P(o/w) units, can be determined; however, values for zwitterionic compounds cannot be obtained. Additional advantages of ALPM include lower cost and greater safety when compared with other HPLC or shake-flask procedures. Chromatographic conditions (i.e., flow rate and temperature) and variables (i.e., column length and solvent composition) affecting this method are discussed in detail. ALPM may also find application in quality control of HPLC columns, qualitative-quantitative analysis, and in computer-controlled method development and analysis. PMID- 6520767 TI - Accurate, wide-range, automated, high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the estimation of octanol/water partition coefficients II: Equilibrium in partition coefficient measurements, additivity of substituent constants, and correlation of biological data. AB - Occasionally, results from the highly reproducible automated log P(o/w) measurement (ALPM) differ from those determined by shake-flask methods. Several specific examples affording different values are presented. One source of these differences may be curvilinearity in plots of log (t - t0) versus percent methanol, which complicate accurate intercept determinations and, thus, estimates of log P(o/w). Other sources of these differences are presented and discussed, although their cause remains unclear. Equilibrium ALPM log P(o/w) measurements of various phenyl-, methyl-, fluoro-, chloro-, and bromobenzenes, suggest substituent constants are not strictly additive. Moreover, the higher values indicate that calculated values may not be accurate for those compounds having multiple substituents or high log P(o/w) values. ALPM gives better predictability of the in vivo concentration process of 8 or 12 toxicants in fish than the shake flask method, another HPLC method, or even calculated log P(o/w) values. However, it equally correlates the binding to bovine serum albumin by 34 chemicals as predicted by a combination of shake-flask and calculated log P(o/w) values reported elsewhere. PMID- 6520768 TI - Generic tolbutamide tablet dissolution: intralot and interlot variation. AB - Dissolution profiles for 62 lots of tolbutamide tablets from six manufacturers have been characterized using the USP paddle-stirrer apparatus. Results of paddle stirrer dissolution for percent drug dissolved at 10, 20, and 30 min correlated well (r2 = 0.7444) with results from the USP rotating-basket test for 39 lots of tolbutamide. Interlot and intralot variability in tolbutamide dissolution was highly dependent on the manufacturer. For one product, the intralot range (for six paddle-stirred tablets) of percent drug dissolved after 30 min was 50-68% while the maximum interlot range for mean dissolution was 58-104%. One lot failed to meet both the rotating-basket and the paddle-stirrer dissolution specifications. Tablet response to aging at 60, 75, and 98% relative humidity over time was also highly manufacturer specific. The innovator's product repeatedly dissolved well when fresh or aged at all humidities. Dissolution from some generic tablets was dramatically depressed by humidity aging, even after only 3 d. Pretreatment of tablets with simulated gastric fluid modified the dissolution profile of one poorly dissolving lot of tablets. Results indicate that manufacturing quality control is highly variable among tolbutamide tablets. PMID- 6520769 TI - Liquid chromatographic analysis of sulfaquinoxaline and its application to pharmacokinetic studies in rabbits. AB - A specific, sensitive high-performance liquid chromatographic method is described for sulfaquinoxaline (I) and its major metabolite, the N4-acetyl metabolite (II), in biological fluids. Detection limits for I and II were 0.25 and 0.50 micrograms/mL in plasma and 0.10 and 0.20 micrograms/mL in urine, respectively. The pharmacokinetics of sulfaquinoxaline and its metabolite were studied in New Zealand White rabbits after individual doses of 50 mg/kg of sulfaquinoxaline and its metabolite were administered intravenously. Mean (+/- SD) plasma half-lives were 12.7 (8.0) h for sulfaquinoxaline and 15.4 (3.5) h for the metabolite. After administration of the N-acetyl metabolite sulfaquinoxaline appeared in the plasma and urine indicating that deacetylation had occurred. The repercussions of this observation are briefly discussed with respect to two rabbits in which plasma analyses and complete urine collections were made. As sulfaquinoxaline is administered prophylactically to rabbits by some breeders, it is recommended that investigators allow a washout period of about one week after receipt of the animals. PMID- 6520770 TI - Preparation of 7,8-dimethoxy-3,4-dihydroisoquinoline, facile route to 7,8 dioxygenated-3,4-dihydroisoquinolines. AB - Oxidation of 7,8-dimethoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline with potassium permanganate in acetone afforded 7,8-dimethoxy-3,4-dihydroisoquinoline as the primary product. Hence, oxidation of the appropriate secondary nonphenolic 7,8 dioxygenated tetrahydroisoquinoline alkaloid is thus a facile method for the generation of the corresponding imine. The imine is not easily prepared via the usual synthetic route involving ring closure of beta-phenethylamine derivatives. PMID- 6520771 TI - Determination of heparin activity by a new laser nephelometric method and comparison to the USP method. AB - A new method for the determination of heparin activity in solutions has been developed, based on the increase in light scattering observed during the clotting of plasma. The recalcification clotting time (RCT) of sheep plasma is measured in the presence of heparin, using a laser nephelometer. The activity of heparin in the sample is determined from a standard curve of the logarithm of RCT versus heparin activity. The results indicate that this method is simpler, faster, and more reproducible than the current USP grading method. PMID- 6520772 TI - Comparative pharmacokinetics of [65Zn]zinc sulfate and [65Zn]zinc pantothenate injected intravenously in rabbits. AB - The pharmacokinetics of zinc sulfate were compared with those of a new zinc salt, pantothenate, in rabbits. Each salt was administered at a dosage of 3.3 microCi of zinc-65/kg of body weight. The measured pharmacokinetics of the two compounds responded to a two-compartment open model. The urinary elimination of the two salts was similar, as was their localization in the skin and fur, but zinc pantothenate was fixed by the liver to a lesser extent than was zinc sulfate. PMID- 6520773 TI - Epiandrosterone- and dehydroepiandrosterone-3 beta-alkanesulfonates as inhibitors of mouse glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity. AB - 3 beta-Alkanesulfonates of dehydroepiandrosterone, 16 alpha bromodehydroepiandrosterone, epiandrosterone, and 16 alpha-bromoepiandrosterone were prepared in 54-95% yield via the reaction of long chain alkanesulfonyl chlorides with the corresponding dehydroepiandrosterone, and epiandrosterone analogues. These compounds inhibit mouse glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity. PMID- 6520774 TI - Nalmefene: radioimmunoassay for a new opioid antagonist. AB - A specific radioimmunoassay (RIA) has been developed for the quantitation of a new opioid antagonist, nalmefene, in human plasma. The method employs a rabbit antiserum to an albumin conjugate of naltrexone-6-(O-carboxymethyl)oxime and [3H]naltrexone as the radioligand. Assay specificity was achieved by extraction of nalmefene from plasma at pH 9 into ether prior to RIA. The procedure has a limit of sensitivity of 0.2 ng/mL of nalmefene using a 0.5-mL sample of plasma for analysis. The intra- and interassay coefficients of variation did not exceed 5.6 and 11%, respectively. The specificity of the RIA was established by demonstrating excellent agreement (r = 0.99) with a less sensitive and more time consuming HPLC procedure in the analysis of clinical plasma samples. The use of the RIA for the pharmacokinetic evaluation of nalmefene is illustrated with plasma concentration profiles of the drug in humans following intravenous and oral administration. PMID- 6520775 TI - Determination of meclocycline, a tetracycline analogue, in cream formulations by liquid chromatography. AB - A rapid and sensitive high-performance liquid chromatographic quantitation of meclocycline (I) in a cream formulation is described. The acidified methanolic extract of the sample was diluted with mobile phase and analyzed on a reverse phase column by using a mobile phase consisting of EDTA buffer (pH 6.6) tetrahydrofuran (85:15 v/v). The method gave linear, quantitative, and reproducible results with a detection limit of 0.4 ppm for meclocycline. PMID- 6520776 TI - Determination of phenylbutazone in tablets by nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry. AB - A method for the quantitative analysis of phenylbutazone in tablets using NMR is reported. The method is both accurate and precise. Using synthetic mixtures, the mean recovery value +/- SD was 100.5 +/- 0.86%. The NMR results of commercial preparations are compared with those obtained by the USP XX procedure. The NMR spectrum, in addition, provides a very specific means of identification for phenylbutazone. PMID- 6520777 TI - Metabolism of salsalate in normal subjects. AB - The metabolism of salsalate (I) was characterized in two normal volunteers. The drug was almost completely absorbed and was excreted primarily in the urine; only approximately 1% of the total dose was found in the stools. Although I is a salicylate derivative, which on hydrolysis yields two molecules of salicylic acid (II), approximately 7-10% of the dose was not hydrolyzed to salicylic acid and appeared in the urine either as unchanged drug or glucuronide conjugates. Thus, the incomplete availability of salicylate from salsalate that has been previously reported may not be due to incomplete absorption of the drug but to incomplete hydrolysis to salicylic acid. PMID- 6520778 TI - High-performance liquid chromatographic method for the determination of esmolol hydrochloride. AB - A rapid high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the determination of esmolol hydrochloride, a new ultra-short-acting beta blocker, is described. The stability-indicating nature of the method was demonstrated by resolving esmolol from synthetic intermediates, potential impurities, and the product of decomposition. Reverse-phase liquid chromatography was performed with a microparticulate (10-micron) cyano-bonded silica-packed column, a fixed wavelength UV absorbance detector (lambda = 280 nm), and a mobile phase of acetonitrile-0.005 M sodium acetate-acetic acid (15:84:1) pumped at 2 mL/min. The internal standard was 2-p-chlorophenyl-2-methylpropanol. A percent RSD of less than 1.7% and an accuracy (100% - mean error) of greater than 98.6% were achieved over the concentration range studied (100-500 micrograms/mL), with correlation coefficients greater than 0.9996. PMID- 6520779 TI - Effect of ethanol, glycerol, and propylene glycol on the stability of phenobarbital sodium. AB - The effects of ethanol, glycerol, propylene glycol, phosphate buffer, and ionic strength on the stability of phenobarbital sodium have been studied. Ethanol had the maximum stabilization effect followed by propylene glycol and glycerol when compared with the stability in water. The estimated half-lives at 50 degrees C (pH approximately 8) were 78, 95, 109, and 127 d in water and 20% aqueous solutions of glycerol, propylene glycol, and ethanol, respectively. The effects of phosphate buffer and ionic strength were negligible. PMID- 6520780 TI - Spectrophotometric method for quantitation of peroxides in sorbitan monooleate and monostearate. AB - A rapid and sensitive spectrophotometric method has been developed to quantitate the peroxides present in sorbitan monooleate and monostearate. The method relies on the peroxide conversion of iodide to iodine. The method has also been found to work for polysorbate 60. PMID- 6520781 TI - Gas chromatographic method for solvent residues in drug raw materials. AB - A gas chromatographic (GC) method for screening drug raw materials, soluble in aqueous media, for volatile solvent residues has been developed. After dissolution, separate portions of the drug are each separately extracted with n octane, toluene, and ether and injected into a chromatograph equipped with a porous polymer column and a flame ionization detector. The range of extractant polarities provides chromatograms which, taken together, are free of interfering peaks from 0 to approximately 20 min. Peaks due to solvent residues in the drug are identified by retention time with confirmation of identity by GC-MS. PMID- 6520782 TI - Disposition of nitrofurantoin and nitrofurazone in the isolated perfused rat kidney. PMID- 6520783 TI - Pharmacokinetic implications of stereoselective changes in plasma-protein binding: warfarin/sulfinpyrazone. PMID- 6520784 TI - Thermodynamic studies of tolbutamide polymorphs. PMID- 6520785 TI - Electrical stimulation of the salivatory nucleus in the rat. AB - Unilateral electrical stimulation of the salivatory nucleus evoked a secretion from the ipsilateral parotid gland which was well maintained. Flow rate was not affected by sympathetic decentralization or by adrenoceptor antagonists but was abolished by atropine. Protein secretion was reduced by beta-adrenoceptor antagonists but not by sympathetic decentralization or adrenalectomy. In support of previous histochemical findings it is concluded that the cells of the reticular formation are the origin of the preganglionic parasympathetic fibres to the salivary glands but that a beta-adrenoceptor mechanism as yet unidentified is also involved in the protein secretion. PMID- 6520786 TI - Functional and topographical properties of field potentials evoked in rat dorsal horn by cutaneous C-fibre stimulation. AB - Extracellular field potentials in the lumbosacral dorsal horn evoked by stimulation of cutaneous C fibres in the sural nerve were explored in the halothane-anaesthetized rat. C-fibre-evoked field potentials were prominent in lamina II and lamina V of the dorsal horn. These potentials had a latency of 80 130 ms and a duration of more than 200 ms. A peak in the C-fibre-evoked field potential, termed the CI potential, with a median latency of 120 ms, range 105 150 ms, was distinguished in lamina II. The time from onset to peak of the CI potential was, on average, 13 ms when all C fibres were activated. The amplitude of the CI potential in lamina II was directly proportional to the amplitude of the C-fibre-evoked nerve volley, whereas the relation between the C-fibre nerve volley and the C-fibre-evoked field potential in lamina V was non-linear. A selective block of A fibres did not influence the amplitude of these field potentials. Following stimulation of C afferent fibres in the medial sural nerve, at frequencies higher than 0.1 Hz, the CI potential in lamina II, but not the C fibre-evoked field potential in lamina V, was increased. There was no concomitant change of the A-fibre-evoked field potentials. The magnitude of the potentiation of the CI potential was dependent both on the frequency and the number of stimuli. Mean percentage potentiation was 200%, range 150-300%, after seventy stimulations at a frequency of 1.0 Hz. During the stimulation the CI potential increased monotonically. The decay of the potentiation of the CI potential was well described by two exponentially declining phases. There was a positive correlation between the size of the time constants of the decay and the number of stimuli during conditioning. Following noxious radiant heat (temperature 50-55 degrees C) applied to a restricted part of the skin (area 20-30 mm2) within the receptive field of the medial sural nerve for 10-20 s, the CI potential was potentiated by 50-130%. The duration of this potentiation was 3-15 min. This potentiation was somatotopically organized. By contrast, there was no effect on the amplitude of the CI potential following innocuous skin stimulation (slowly moving contact, brushing the skin, warmth 40 degrees C).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6520787 TI - A transient sodium-hydrogen exchange system induced by catecholamines in erythrocytes of rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri. AB - The addition of isoprenaline to an isotonic suspension of red blood cells of rainbow trout induces an amiloride-sensitive Na+ transport which is independent of Cl- and insensitive to 4,4'-diisothiocyano-2,2'-stilbene disulphonic acid (DIDS) and furosemide. Na+ uptake is accompanied by amiloride-sensitive H+ release. The H+ efflux is dependent upon the external Na+ concentration, the K0.5 value for Na+ being 16 mM. In the presence of DIDS, when the coupled NaCl entry (NaCl co-transport) induced by catecholamine is blocked, the results provide evidence for a linked movement of Na+ and H+, with a stoicheiometry of 1:1. Exchange of H+ for Na+ induces osmotic swelling of the cells which is due to the replacement of a bound proton by an osmotically active Na+ cation. In the absence of DIDS when the bulk of the Na+ uptake is the result of a coupled entry of Na+ and Cl-, H+ extrusion still occurs and the magnitude of acid excretion is identical to that found in DIDS-treated cells. This suggests that Na+-H+ exchange remains active. Addition of isoprenaline first stimulates the Na+-H+ exchange but only transiently. This is followed by a more permanent stimulation of the NaCl co transport. PMID- 6520788 TI - The relationship of receptive field properties to the dendritic shape of neurones in the cat striate cortex. AB - In this study, we examined the hypothesis that some features of the receptive fields of cortical neurones are determined by the extent to which their dendrites can sample from different parts of the visual field representation on the cortex. In particular, the orientation selectivity and size of the receptive fields of cortical neurones were examined for their relationship to the tangential organization of the dendrites of cortical neurones. Single neurones in the visual cortex of anaesthetized and paralysed cats were physiologically characterized and injected intracellularly with horseradish peroxidase (HRP). In some cases it was possible to identify whether the neurones received direct (monosynaptic) or indirect (polysynaptic) input from afferents of the lateral geniculate nucleus. The dendritic arborizations of the HRP-filled cells, sampled from all layers, were reconstructed in three dimensions with computer assistance, and rotated to give the tangential or surface view. The bias in the tangential arrangement of the dendrites was determined by calculating the mean vector angle for the distribution of the dendrites of each cell. This bias was related to the orientation selectivity of the neurones. There was no consistent relationship between orientation selectivity and the tangential bias of the dendritic tree. The width of the receptive fields was compared to the equivalent 'width' of the tangential extent of the dendrites. There was no significant relationship between the two widths. The tangential arrangement of the dendritic field does not appear to be important in determining the orientation selectivity or the size of the receptive fields of neurones in the cat visual cortex. The former feature of the receptive fields may be determined by inhibitory processes, while the extent and number of the afferents providing input to a single neurone may determine the latter property. PMID- 6520789 TI - Muscle size and motor unit survival in mice. AB - The soleus muscles in neonatal and adult mice were surgically reduced in size on one side of the animal. The experimental and control muscles were excised 6-48 weeks later and the number of motor units in each muscle was estimated by stimulating the muscle nerve and counting step increments in the electromyogram recorded in vitro. Multiple innervation in individual muscle fibres was then assessed by intracellular recording and by visualization of end-plates in the light microscope with cholinesterase stain. Muscle fibres were counted in cross sections of each muscle in the light microscope. Surgical reductions in the size of the muscle during the first 3 weeks of life produced correlated reductions in the number of motor units in the muscle. This could not be attributed to masking of motor units by multiple innervation, which was always less than 10% in these muscles. The loss of motor units was greatest following reduction in muscle size in newborn mice, whereas in 6-week-old mice there was no significant loss of motor units following the operation. Thus, survival of neonatal motor units shows an age-related dependence on the number of muscle fibres available for innervation. In control muscles there was a highly significant correlation between motor unit and muscle fibre numbers, which is consistent with the hypothesis that motor neurone survival during the embryonic period of cell death is dependent upon the number of muscle fibres available for innervation. PMID- 6520791 TI - Characteristics of secretin-stimulated pancreatic secretion in dogs. AB - The effect of the periodic interdigestive activity of the gut on secretin stimulated pancreatic secretion was studied in eight conscious dogs each with a Thomas duodenal fistula, a gastric fistula and a Heidenhain pouch. Pancreatic water and bicarbonate responses to a small dose of secretin were greatly augmented in phase with the spontaneous periodic activity of the gut. This augmentation was closely related to pancreatic protein secretion. As the dose of secretin was increased the interval between peaks was prolonged, the peaks became less sharp, the nadirs were raised, and finally the periodic activity was no longer seen. Bilateral cervical vagal blockade with local anaesthetics reduced the secretin-stimulated bicarbonate secretion by 50% but the augmentation at the peak was not abolished. Atropine abolished the periodic augmentation completely and reduced the bicarbonate response by 80%. The peak response of volume and bicarbonate to secretin obeyed Michaelis-Menten kinetics. The nadir secretin dose response, however, was a sigmoid curve with a Hill coefficient larger than one. The action of atropine or hexamethonium was to shift the peak response kinetics to the nadir kinetics. It is concluded that the pancreatic response to secretin is greatly modulated by the spontaneous periodic activity of nerves. PMID- 6520790 TI - Effects of glucose removal and readmission on potassium contracture in the guinea pig taenia coli. AB - The effects of removal and readmission of substrates on the K contracture were investigated in the guinea-pig taenia coli. When, after exposure to excess K in Ca-free and glucose-free medium, the readmission and removal of 2.4 mM-Ca were repeated at regular intervals, the Ca-induced contractions decreased progressively. The decrease was more marked in the late than in the early part of the tension response. The rate of O2 consumption decreased when the normal medium was replaced by glucose-free, Ca-free, excess-K solution, but substantially recovered following Ca readmission. ATP and creatine phosphate contents decreased during the Ca-induced contraction, but recovered partially during the subsequent relaxation in Ca-free solution. The effects of glucose removal were rapidly reversed when glucose or beta-hydroxybutyrate (beta-HB) were readmitted to the bathing solution. In the absence of Ca, readmission and removal of the substrates produced an insignificant change in O2 consumption, but the next Ca contraction was potentiated, the effect being stronger with glucose than beta-HB. When the tonic contraction evoked by 2.4 mM-Ca readmission had been abolished in glucose free, high-K solution, a rise of the external Ca concentration to 10 mM, or 5 microM-carbachol, still produced a transient contraction. This suggests that the tonic contraction has disappeared partially because of diminished Ca influx. In glycogen-depleted preparations, the depolarization caused by carbachol, or by 20 mM-K, was increased and spike discharge initiated when glucose was readmitted.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6520792 TI - Relations among passive electrical properties of lumbar alpha-motoneurones of the cat. AB - The relations among passive membrane properties have been examined in cat motoneurones utilizing exclusively electrophysiological techniques. A significant relation was found to exist between the input resistance and the membrane time constant. The estimated electrotonic length showed no evident tendency to vary with input resistance but did show a tendency to decrease with increasing time constant. Detailed analysis of this trend suggests, however, that a variation in dendritic geometry is likely to exist among cat motoneurones, such that the dendritic trees of motoneurones projecting to fast-twitch muscle units are relatively more expansive than those of motoneurones projecting to slow-twitch units. Utilizing an expression derived from the Rall neurone model, the total capacitance of the equivalent cylinder corresponding to a motoneurone has been estimated. With the assumption of a constant and uniform specific capacitance of 1 mu F/cm2, the resulting values have been used as estimates of cell surface area. These estimates agree well with morphologically obtained measurements from cat motoneurones reported by others. Both membrane time constant (and thus likely specific membrane resistivity) and electrotonic length showed little tendency to vary with surface area. However, after-hyperpolarization (a.h.p.) duration showed some tendency to vary such that cells with brief a.h.p. duration were, on average, larger than those with longer a.h.p. durations. Apart from motoneurones with the lowest values, axonal conduction velocity was only weakly related to variations in estimated surface area. Input resistance and membrane time constant were found to vary systematically with the a.h.p. duration. Analysis suggested that the major part of the increase in input resistance with a.h.p. duration was related to an increase in membrane resistivity and a variation in dendritic geometry rather than to differences in surface area among the motoneurones. The possible effects of imperfect electrode seals have been considered. According to an analysis of a passive membrane model, soma leaks caused by impalement injury will result in underestimates of input resistance and time constant and over estimates of electrotonic length and total capacitance. Assuming a non-injured resting potential of -80 mV, a comparison of membrane potentials predicted by various relative leaks (leak conductance/input conductance) with those actually observed suggests that the magnitude of these errors in the present material will not unduly affect the presented results.+4 PMID- 6520793 TI - Effects of axotomy on the distribution of passive electrical properties of cat motoneurones. AB - Previously obtained experimental results concerning the effect of axotomy on motoneurone passive electrical properties have been re-analysed. As shown earlier, axotomy causes an average increase of motoneurone input resistance, membrane time constant and after-hyperpolarization duration. The present analysis suggests that the increased input resistance is related to a higher specific membrane resistivity, a decreased cell size and an altered dendritic geometry. The results also suggest that the change takes place only in neurones projecting to fast-twitch muscle units and produces in them passive electrical properties normally exhibited only by motoneurones projecting to slow-twitch units. Based on the notion that axotomy causes a 'dedifferentiation' of motoneurone properties, the present results might be taken to indicate that undifferentiated motoneurones are slow in character. A possible scheme in which a post-natal differentiation of motoneurone properties may lead to muscle differentiation is discussed. PMID- 6520794 TI - Muscle but not cutaneous C-afferent input produces prolonged increases in the excitability of the flexion reflex in the rat. AB - Stimulation of cutaneous afferent fibres in the sural nerve and muscle afferent fibres in the gastrocnemius-soleus nerve at a strength that excites C axons produces a delayed and long-lasting burst of activity in posterior biceps femoris/semitendinosus flexor motoneurones. Following a 20 s stimulation at 1 Hz to the sural nerve the flexor motoneurones continue to fire for 20 s while a similar stimulus to gastrocnemius-soleus nerve results in an after-discharge lasting three times longer. Using stimuli to the sural and gastrocnemius-soleus nerves as conditioning stimuli (20 s, 1 Hz) changes in the excitability of the flexor reflex were measured by recording the discharge evoked by a test sural nerve stimulus or by a standard pinch to the ipsilateral and contralateral toes. Prior to any conditioning stimulus the flexor reflex remained stable for prolonged periods. Conditioning stimuli at strengths that activated large myelinated afferent fibres only, or large and small myelinated afferent fibres, failed to produce more than a very transient alteration in the reflex excitability. Conditioning stimuli at C-fibre strength to the sural nerve produced a marked increase in the excitability of the reflex for 10 min. C-fibre strength gastrocnemius-soleus nerve conditioning stimuli resulted in a similar increase in excitability followed by a second phase of facilitation peaking at 20 30 min and lasting for up to 90 min. The afferent barrage initiated by cutting the sural and gastrocnemius-soleus nerves resulted in similar patterns of reflex excitability increases with the muscle nerve resulting in a more prolonged effect than the cutaneous nerve. The results show that a brief C-afferent fibre input into the spinal cord can produce a prolonged increase in the excitability of the flexion reflex and that muscle C-afferent fibres evoke longer-lasting changes than cutaneous C fibres. The differences in the time course of the post conditioning effects may be related to the well-described differences in the sensory consequences of injury to skin versus deep tissue. PMID- 6520795 TI - Does the sympathetic nervous system influence sinus arrhythmia in man? Evidence from combined autonomic blockade. AB - The influences of vagal and sympathetic efferent activity on sinus arrhythmia in man have been studied in healthy subjects by administration of hyoscine butylbromide and atenolol alone and combined using a microcomputer-linked electrocardiogram (e.c.g.) system. Sinus arrhythmia was quantitated as the S.D. of the R-R interval. Sinus arrhythmia was reduced by hyoscine butylbromide, in some subjects to near abolition, but this end-point was unchanged by pre treatment with atenolol. Atenolol alone prolonged the mean R-R interval and increased sinus arrhythmia. It is suggested that sinus arrhythmia in man is mediated through vagal efferents alone but that atenolol increases the arrhythmia through a central vagotonic effect. PMID- 6520796 TI - Efferent desensitization of auditory nerve fibre responses in the cochlea of the turtle Pseudemys scripta elegans. AB - Extracellular recordings were made from single auditory afferents in the isolated half-head of the turtle, and changes in their acoustic sensitivity were examined following electrical stimulation of the efferent fibres to the basilar papilla. Short trains of efferent shocks caused a prolonged elevation of the pure tone thresholds of the auditory afferents and an abolition of their spontaneous activity. These changes could be demonstrated in a majority of recordings and without antidromic firing of the afferent. The amount of desensitization increased steeply with shock number and a train of ten closely spaced shocks could elevate the threshold at the most sensitive or characteristic frequency by four orders of magnitude. Desensitization also occurred with single efferent shocks at repetition frequencies exceeding 25/s. Discharge rate versus sound pressure functions were constructed for a number of afferents. The maximum slope of the functions, and the saturated firing rates were both reduced by efferent stimulation; there was also an over-all shift of the rate-intensity function to higher stimulus levels. Such effects would enable the afferent to signal a wider range of sound pressures. Efferent stimulation caused a broadening of the afferent frequency-threshold curves by removal of the narrowly-tuned region around the characteristic frequency. We suggest that the loss in tuning and concomitant improvement in temporal resolution may be a functionally important consequence of efferent action. PMID- 6520797 TI - Miniature end-plate potentials in rat skeletal muscle poisoned with botulinum toxin. AB - Spontaneous transmitter release, recorded as miniature end-plate potentials (m.e.p.p.s), was studied in rat extensor digitorum longus (e.d.l.) and soleus muscles partially or completely paralysed by botulinum toxin type A (BoTx). Normal unpoisoned muscles were examined for comparison. Analysis of m.e.p.p.s in both normal and BoTx-poisoned muscles confirmed the presence of two populations of potentials. One population, which comprised about 96% of the m.e.p.p.s recorded at non-poisoned end-plates, was characterized by a uniform time course and a mean time-to-peak of 0.5-0.7 ms. These potentials had a shape and time-to peak similar to that of quantal end-plate potentials (e.p.p.s) evoked by nerve stimuli. These were designated 'fast m.e.p.p.s'. The other population of m.e.p.p.s was characterized by a slower, more variable rise-time, the time-to peak exceeding 1.1 ms, and generally a larger amplitude. These were designated 'slow m.e.p.p.s'. In both partial and complete paralysis by BoTx the frequency of fast m.e.p.p.s was reduced by more than 90% and the reduction lasted several weeks. After 6-10 days of poisoning the frequency of slow m.e.p.p.s gradually increased. The highest frequency of slow m.e.p.p.s (0.4 Hz) was recorded in the partially paralysed soleus muscle, the frequency being about ten times that at unpoisoned end-plates. In both partially paralysed muscles slow m.e.p.p. frequency returned towards normal 28 days after poisoning. A significant correlation (r = 0.67) was observed between the quantal content of e.p.p.s and the frequency of fast m.e.p.p.s in partially paralysed e.d.l. muscles. No significant correlation was observed between quantal content of e.p.p.s and the frequency of slow m.e.p.p.s. To further study if muscle activity influenced the appearance of slow m.e.p.p.s, partially paralysed soleus muscles were directly stimulated in vivo during the first 11-13 days following BoTx poisoning, using a stimulation pattern which inhibits nerve terminal sprouting and the appearance of denervation changes. This procedure did not alter the frequency of slow m.e.p.p.s as compared to unstimulated poisoned controls. It is concluded that enhancement of slow m.e.p.p. frequency in muscles poisoned with BoTx is related to the blockade of evoked Ca2+-dependent quantal transmitter release. However, additional factors influence this type of spontaneous and Ca2+-insensitive release of acetylcholine since there is a great variability between fibres and a time lag between the disappearance of fast m.e.p.p.s and the activation of slow m.e.p.p. frequency.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6520799 TI - [Glomus cell in controlling vascular tone of the carotid labyrinth (Xenopus laevis)]. AB - To clarify the physiological significance of g-s connection (intimate apposition of the glomus cell to the smooth muscle), vascular responses of the carotid labyrinth to both catecholamines and chemoreceptor stimulants were investigated using Xenopus laevis. The results obtained were as follows. Density of dense cored vesicles in the glomus cell was significantly varied in three different parts of the cytoplasm (N, M, P). In the part of the cytoplasm containing the nucleus (N) the density was lowest, and in the processes (P) it was highest. This bias in distribution was intensified by efferent stimulation of the glossopharyngeal nerve. In the artificially perfused labyrinth, the administration of catecholamines (adrenaline, noradrenaline and dopamine) decreased the outflow of the internal carotid artery in many cases. In a few cases it increased the internal outflow. Phentolamine changed the decrease of the outflow to an increase, while propranolol changed the increase to decrease. Acetylcholine strongly reduced the internal outflow. This response was depressed by atropine, hexamethonium and phentolamine, while intensified by propranolol. Sodium cyanide reduced the internal outflow. This effect was depressed by phentolamine. The possibility that the glomus cell participates in controlling the blood flow of the labyrinth as a result of the secretion of catecholamine through the g-s connection is discussed. PMID- 6520798 TI - Synaptic mechanisms involved in the inspiratory modulation of vagal cardio inhibitory neurones in the cat. AB - The respiratory modulation of the activity of vagal cardio-inhibitory neurones of the nucleus ambiguus of the cat has been investigated by electrophysiological and neuropharmacological techniques. All twenty-four vagal efferent neurones studied had axons with conduction velocities indicative of B fibres and projected to the right cardiac branches of the vagus. Their spontaneous or DL-homocysteic acid (DLH)-evoked activity showed a marked reduction during the phase of inspiration and all showed signs of receiving a baroreceptor input. Ionophoretic application of DLH always excited cardiac vagal motoneurones (c.v.m.s). Application of acetylcholine to these same cells provoked a decrease in firing rate in twelve of the fifteen neurones tested. In ten of these twelve cells simultaneous application of atropine antagonized the effect of acetylcholine. Atropine applied alone enhanced neuronal firing, particularly in inspiration. Stable intracellular recordings have been made from two c.v.m.s. These were inhibited during inspiration. Input resistance fell markedly during inspiration and injection of chloride reversed this wave of hyperpolarization to a wave of depolarization indicating that this resulted from chloride-mediated inhibitory post-synaptic potentials (i.p.s.p.s). These c.v.m.s were activated during Stage I expiration, and showed a weak and variable wave of inhibition in Stage II expiration. Pulse rhythmic depolarizing potentials were reduced in their amplitudes during the periods of decreased neurone input resistance. It is concluded that c.v.m.s receive an excitatory input during post-inspiration and a powerful inhibitory synaptic input during inspiration. The implications of these observations for the physiology of cardiorespiratory reflexes are discussed. PMID- 6520800 TI - Factors associated with successful outcome from behavioral therapy for chronic temporomandibular joint (TMJ) pain. AB - A total of 42 chronic temporomandibular joint pain patients completed behavioral therapy for their pain. The role of clinical, sociodemographic, and psychosocial factors was examined in relation to treatment outcome (immediately following treatment and at 2-yr follow-up). Psychosocial factors were better predictors of treatment outcome than clinical and demographic factors. Patients who had the most successful outcomes (both short- and long-term) were more motivated and less depressed than other patients and were internal with respect to their health locus of control. PMID- 6520801 TI - Psychophysiology of type A behavior pattern: a critical analysis. AB - Based on an analysis of 45 studies recently reported in the literature and data from a psychophysiological investigation, the hypothesized physiological mechanisms underlying Type A behavior and the methods used to determine Type A behavior (e.g., Structured Interview, SI, and the Jenkins Activity Survey, JAS) are tested. After determining behavior type with both the SI and JAS, subjects (N = 58 physical-education students) participated in a laboratory/field experiment with two replications consisting of the following conditions: (1) rest, (2) mental arithmetic, (3) reaction time test, (4) preparing and giving a speech, (5) Cold Pressor Test, (6) bicycle ergometric exercise, and (7) 1000 m run. Blood pressure, heart rate, stroke volume, cardiac output, ventricular ejection time, pulse volume amplitude, pulse transit time, pulse wave velocity, electrodermal activity, respiratory volume, oxygen uptake, and uric catecholamine levels were measured. Results of the analysis of the literature indicate that, with the exception of change scores on systolic blood pressure, mean differences on the physiological measures exhibited by Type A and B men are primarily not significant. The Structured Interview shows only a modest inter-rater reliability. The Jenkins Activity Survey demonstrates relatively low stability upon retest and fails to show sufficient internal consistency. Correlations between these measures are low. No consistent differences on physiological measures could be found in our subjects based on behavior type (according to SI or JAS criteria), although the challenging conditions were selected to elicit Type A behavior. Four our data, differences between Types A and B were also not found for systolic blood pressure, regardless of which behavioral assessment method was employed. PMID- 6520803 TI - Sex differences in cardiovascular stress responses: modulation as a function of menstrual cycle phases. AB - An experiment was conducted to study the effects of two laboratory stresses (unsignalled shock-avoidance reaction time and cold pressor tasks) on cardiovascular responses of young adult women during the follicular or the luteal phases of the menstrual cycle. A comparison group of male subjects, matched for family history of hypertension and for time between stress and rest sessions, was also tested. Results showed reduced cardiovascular responsiveness to the reaction time task (heart rate and blood pressure) for the women in the follicular phase of their cycle as compared with those in the luteal phase or with the males. Cardiovascular hyperresponsivity to this task has been previously related to familial history of hypertension. No differential changes were observed during the cold pressor test. These results are discussed in terms of possible hormonal effects on blood pressure regulation, and with respect to methodological considerations for assessing stress reactivity among women. PMID- 6520802 TI - Emotional control and autonomic arousal in breast cancer patients. AB - Thirty breast cancer patients and 27 "healthy" controls were compared for differences in personality, reported emotional state and autonomic responses occurring under conditions of acute experimental stress. The data indicated that breast cancer patients were more likely than a control group to report a tendency to control emotional reactions, particularly anger, and to respond to stress using a repressive coping style. Emotional state reported at different points throughout the procedure suggested that the breast cancer group experienced more anxiety and disturbance but were more inclined to inhibit their reactions. There were no differences between the groups on autonomic measures but within the breast cancer group increased electrodermal activity was significantly associated with a tendency to respond to stress using a repressive coping style. The results are discussed in relation to psychobiological models of cancer. PMID- 6520804 TI - The effects of education and group discussion in the post myocardial infarction patient. AB - An education and group discussion program administered to a randomly selected group of post myocardial infarction subjects failed to produce any differences in a large number of behavioral and psychological measures. These included smoking behavior, health status, social and recreational status, family and marital life and vocational activities, as well as measures of anxiety, depression, and health locus of control. Treated subjects were slower to return to work than controls and were less likely to have returned to work by the end of the study. More individuals in the treatment group were receiving compensation and this may have been a factor in delaying return to work. Since the majority of our subjects had a very optimistic attitude toward their eventual recovery, there was limited room for improvement. We suggest that cardiac rehabilitation be directed only at those patients with "negative" attitudes, and with more than usual anxiety and depression. PMID- 6520805 TI - Type A and ectopy in patients with coronary artery disease and controls. AB - The purpose of the current study was to determine if the Type A (coronary-prone) behavior pattern is associated with task-related ectopy either in patients with coronary artery disease or in controls. Two 10-min interviews related to heart disease and three performance tasks inducing different sympathetic and vagal responses were administered. The prevalence of ectopy was significantly higher in Type A volunteers, and was no different in coronary patients vs controls. Analyses of cardiovascular responses and patient characteristics failed to identify any other variable that separated Type As from Type Bs or those with ectopy from those without ectopy. PMID- 6520806 TI - Cognitive behaviour therapy for anorexia nervosa: some preliminary findings. AB - Five patients with anorexia nervosa were treated using a cognitive behavioural approach which was an adaptation of an established treatment for the related eating disorder, bulimia nervosa. The results were mixed. For patients with episodes of bulimia the outcome was sufficiently promising to merit more systematic research. PMID- 6520807 TI - Characteristics and correlates of effective and ineffective social supports. AB - The paper examines cohorts of individuals with helpful and unhelpful social supports identified in a longitudinal study of stressful events, social supports and health. Specific features of the quantity and quality of social relationships leading to help and support are examined. Individuals with helpful social supports describe their social networks as smaller and appear to derive support primarily from spouse and close family relationships. No significant differences in the number of multiplex and reciprocal relationships were found. Subjects reporting the least helpful social supports also reported significantly more stressful events in the past five years and significantly more childhood events. PMID- 6520808 TI - Life change and onset of cancer in identical twins. AB - The relationship of life change to the onset of cancer was studied in 22 pairs of HLA-identical siblings who were discordant for hematologic malignancies. The twin pairs were hospitalized for bone marrow transplantation. Life change was measured using a well-validated instrument, the Schedule of Recent Experiences (SRE). Contrary to our expectations, we were unable to document increased life changes in the sick twins. The timing of administration of the SRE with respect to the transplant did influence reporting of life events. However, regardless of timing of administration, in the period antedating the diagnosis of malignancy the healthy donor twins had increased or equivalent life changes when compared to their sick twins. PMID- 6520809 TI - [Radiology in France in 1983. Quantitative data]. AB - Data obtained from a survey involving 6 organizations enabled determination of the number of french radiologists in practice at the present time, and the establishment of regional lists of their office premises. The latter varied according to availability of personnel, the climate, the population density and the available radiology schools. Pyramid graphs provided data on age and sex of radiologists and were used to determine the incidence of turn-over for the specialty. National and departmental density of radiologists was also calculated. Total quantitative data obtained will be used as a base for all future projections able to define a true radiologic policy in France. PMID- 6520810 TI - [Circumscribed non-tuberculous osteomyelitis in children. Apropos of 31 cases]. AB - Over the last eight years (1975-1983) a total of 31 cases of circumscribed non tuberculous osteomyelitis in children have been treated as against 21 cases of classical acute osteomyelitis, suggesting transformation of the mode of presentation of this disease. Lesions were located in the pelvis (8 cases), the calcaneum (3 cases) and the long bones (20 cases), the metaphysis being affected in the latter in 13 patients, the diaphysis in 4 and the epiphysis in three. Specific radiologic images for each location are defined. Clinical expression was subacute and signs of infection inconstant. Differential diagnosis is discussed in relation to each region involved, a positive diagnosis depending on clinical, biologic and radiologic findings, with the need for biopsy in case of doubt. The latter was necessary in 12 of the 31 children. Diagnosis was confirmed in all cases by the favorable outcome from treatment. PMID- 6520811 TI - [Bone maturation and osteoarticular lesions in top level sportsmen. Apropos of 105 cases]. AB - At the time of the European Gymnastics Championships (Lyon, 1980), X-rays of the left wrist were taken in 105 high level junior athletes. Most importantly, we found a delay in bone age in 73% of the boys and in 78% of the girls, which is probably related to an unbalanced diet and to repeated micro-trauma to the growing epiphyses. In particular, we observed traumatic lesions at the distal extremity of the radius with considerable frequency (83% of gymnasts). They are sometimes accompanied by cubital lesions and they are due to an increased fragility in the epiphyso-metaphyseal region due to the delay in bone maturation. PMID- 6520812 TI - [Radio-anatomical guides for the dorsal puncture-biopsy]. AB - This paper describes a specific prone oblique view very helpful to thoracic vertebral bone biopsy under fluoroscopic control. In this position the costal head and neck axis gives the direction of the procedure. A puncture between two ribs following this direction easily avoids both the pleura and spinal canal. This thoracic biopsy of the vertebral body and disc under fluroscopic control becomes a reliable diagnostic tool. PMID- 6520813 TI - [Horton's disease with bilateral axillohumeral localization. Arteriographic aspects. 2 cases]. AB - These lesions, which may present with ischaemic symptoms or which may be detected by routine examination of the pulse and blood pressure, need to be recognised, as they may lead to the diagnosis of Horton's disease which requires corticosteroid treatment. Subclavian angiography demonstrates bilateral segmental lesions with areas of thrombosis. The histology confirms the arteritis. Corticosteroid treatment caused the ischaemic signs to disappear and the pulse to return. PMID- 6520814 TI - [Lesions of the rotator cuff and acromioclavicular joint. Data of arthrography. Apropos of 2 cases]. AB - Arthrography using an opaque medium to explore the shoulder in two cases demonstrated rupture of the rotator muscles sheath associated with a communication into the acromioclavicular joint. Rupture of the sheath allows direct contact between the humeral head and the capsule of the acromioclavicular joint which becomes eroded progressively. Recent studies have produced data indicating participation of the acromioclavicular joint in the natural history of deteriation of the sheath of the rotator muscles. PMID- 6520815 TI - [Hemimelic epiphyseal dysplasia. Apropos of a case]. AB - Dysplasia epiphysealis hemimelica (tarsomegaly, Trevor's disease) is a rare osteochondrodystrophy producing cartilaginous epiphysial hypertrophy of hemimelic type involving mainly the lower limb. Lesions are generally medialy located (medial condyle of the femur, medial malleolus, talus, tarsal scaphoid and first metatarsal bone) and clinical signs are not specific; therefore radiological diagnosis is very important. The disease gives rise to a massive ossification of the hypertrophic cartilaginous areas and fast degenerative changes (arthrosis) of the involved joints. Surgery is often unsuccessful. PMID- 6520816 TI - [Hemorrhagic pseudocyst of pancreas. A case of X-ray computed tomography diagnosis]. AB - Arteriography failed to detect a pancreatic pseudocyst complicated by hemorrhage, a positive diagnosis being established only after CT scanning. Identification of this rare lesion by angioscan imaging illustrates. The value of this technique, which provides data on vascular dynamics, rapidly, in the selected plane of the section. Results in this case demonstrate the very close correlation between Ct scan images and pathological findings. PMID- 6520817 TI - Changes in NK cell activity during the estrous cycle and pregnancy in mice. AB - Changes in NK cell activity during the estrous cycle and pregnancy in mice were studied by a 4 h 51Cr-release assay using YAC-1 cells as a target. NK activity both in the spleen and peripheral blood mononuclear cells showed a single fluctuation with a peak at met-estrous-2 during the estrous cycle. Splenic NK activity was suppressed in the early to mid-stages of pregnancy but increased sharply in the late stage. The activity declined thereafter, reaching the estrous level post-partum. NK activity in the peripheral blood showed a decrease throughout the entire pregnancy, but increased on Day 1 post-partum, returning to the estrous level thereafter. To elucidate the mechanisms involved in these variations of NK activity, NK-enriched and non-adherent cells were prepared from the spleens of mice at estrous and met-estrous-2 and those at early and late stages of pregnancy and then examined for NK activity. The results showed that there was no difference in the cytotoxic activity among these purified NK cells. Adherent cells purified from the spleens of mice in the early stage of pregnancy when co-cultured with the non-adherent NK cell fractions suppressed the NK cytotoxicity. These results strongly suggest the possibility that phagocytic and/or adherent cells may be involved in the regulation of splenic NK activity during the estrous cycle and pregnancy. PMID- 6520818 TI - The effect of local and parenteral vaccination on the response of the guinea pig mammary gland to staphylococcal challenge. AB - Preparturient guinea pigs vaccinated locally (orally and intramammarily) or parenterally (intradermally) with killed Staphylococcus aureus (KS), were challenged intramammarily (IMM) with KS or viable S. aureus during the next lactation. The number and types of leukocytes emigrating into the milk were determined before and after IMM challenge. The milk leukocytosis after challenge with KS was the greatest in the intradermally (ID) vaccinated animals, moderate in the IMM vaccinated animals, and insignificant in the unvaccinated or orally vaccinated animals. The polymorphonuclear (PMN) leukocyte predominated in the milk of the IMM and ID vaccinated animals during the initial 30 h after challenge with KS. Later (30-102 h postchallenge), the mononuclear leukocyte (macrophage and lymphocytes) was the major cell-type. No significant changes in the number or types of leukocytes occurred in the milk of the unvaccinated or orally vaccinated animals after challenge. Intramammary challenge with viable S. aureus caused a large increase in the number of leukocytes in the milk of all animals. The milk leukocytosis occurred more rapidly in locally vaccinated guinea pigs than unvaccinated or ID vaccinated guinea pigs. The PMN leukocyte predominated in the milk of all animals during the period of maximum response. The incidence and severity of staphylococcal mastitis were less in guinea pigs vaccinated locally than ID vaccinated or unvaccinated animals. PMID- 6520819 TI - Epidemiology of complete molar pregnancy. AB - The epidemiology of complete molar pregnancy is dominated by two strong factors. The first is the wide geographic variation in incidence, from less than 1 per 1,000 deliveries in the United States and Canada to about 1 per 100 deliveries in Indonesia and other Asian countries. The second factor is maternal age, with an increasing risk of molar pregnancy with increasing maternal age. Both genetic and environmental factors may underlie these two risk factors. The genetic factors may include chromosomal defects that occur as a consequence of oocyte aging. The environmental factors probably include nutrition. Although many aspects of nutrition deserve further study, some new research suggests that a focus on vitamin A metabolism may be especially profitable. PMID- 6520820 TI - Decreasing the number of ovulations in the rabbit with surgical division of the blood vessels between the fallopian tube and ovary. AB - The effect of surgical division of the anastomotic blood vessels between the ovary and the fimbria upon the number of ovulations in that ovary was tested in 32 New Zealand white rabbits. A significant reduction in the number of ovulations occurred, from an average of 5.6 for the control ovary to 3.3 for the experimental ovary (p less than 0.01). This finding suggests that every effort be made to preserve the tuboovarian blood supply in women at the time of reconstructive fertility surgery. PMID- 6520821 TI - Comparison of intravenous cefoxitin prophylaxis with intraoperative cefoxitin irrigation for the prevention of post-cesarean-section endometritis. AB - The effectiveness of intraoperative irrigation with cefoxitin was compared prospectively with that of a short course of intravenous cefoxitin as prophylaxis against endometritis. One hundred three patients who underwent primary cesarean at University Hospital, Jacksonville, Florida, were randomized into two study groups. The first group received intraoperative cefoxitin irrigation. The second group received a short course of intravenous cefoxitin prophylaxis and intraoperative saline irrigation. The resulting incidence of endometritis was 3.8% and 4%, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference between the use of the cefoxitin solution and the short course of intravenous cefoxitin. PMID- 6520822 TI - Effects of temperature on in vitro penetration of human sperm into bovine cervical mucus. AB - A standardized bovine cervical mucus preparation was used to test the hypothesis that the penetration of human sperm into cervical mucus is a temperature dependent process. Cervical mucus penetration (CMP) was tested in vitro at several incubation temperatures around "room" temperature. Semen specimens were also exposed to cold (0 C) for various periods of time and then tested for CMP at 37 C incubation. We found that incubation at 37 C produced optimal sperm-mucus penetration. Minor fluctuations in ambient laboratory temperature, such as may occur during a workday or between seasons, produced significant variations in CMP results and precluded the comparison of test results longitudinally over time. Prior exposure of normal semen specimens to 0 C for as long as 45 minutes, such as might occur in transport, did not reduce CMP significantly if incubation was performed at 37 C. We conclude that 37 C is the optimal incubation temperature for CMP testing and that if temperature is controlled, CMP is sufficiently simple and reproducible for routine use in physicians' offices and clinical laboratories. PMID- 6520823 TI - Heterotopic skin in the uterus. A report of an unusual case. AB - A case occurred of heterotopic skin in the uterus, with hair protruding from the cervix. The patient was on immunosuppressive therapy and 30 months earlier had undergone pregnancy termination at 14 weeks. Microscopic examination revealed a single endometrial polyp composed of mature squamous epithelium, adnexal structures and terminal hairs. Previous reports have been published on heterotopic tissue of all types in the uterus, and three hypotheses about their origin have been offered. PMID- 6520824 TI - Sudden, unforeseen fetal death in a woman being treated for premature labor. A case report. AB - Intrapartum death of a normal fetus is rare and usually is preceded by an ominous fetal heart rate pattern. The sudden, unexpected intrapartum death of a monitored premature fetus occurred in a woman being treated for premature labor with betamethasone and terbutaline. The cause of the event has remained obscure. PMID- 6520825 TI - Bilateral massive ovarian edema. A case report. AB - Massive ovarian edema is a benign, tumorlike condition. It primarily involves the right ovary, and bilateral occurrence is rare. The fourth reported case of bilateral massive ovarian edema demonstrates that a methodical approach to the diagnosis of ovarian masses and conservative management of even bilateral massive ovarian edema are important. PMID- 6520826 TI - Modulation of mitogen-dependent lymphocyte stimulation by hyaluronic acid. AB - The stimulation of incorporation of [3H]-thymidine into mononuclear cells (MC) from human body by plant lectins was assessed in the presence of varying concentrations of hyaluronic acid (HA). The simultaneous addition of HA and phytohemagglutinin to MC cultures resulted in a decrease in the incorporation of radioactivity. The magnitude of the decrease was directly related to the concentration of HA added. Kinetic studies, however, indicated that the addition of HA after the initiation of DNA synthesis in the MC cultures also resulted in a decline of the rate of incorporation of radioactivity. The kinetic and analytical data suggest that DNA synthesis by MC in inflammatory arthropathies might be modulated by the HA rich microenvironment of the joint and that this modulation could also occur even if the MC were stimulated before they reached the joint tissues. PMID- 6520827 TI - Prospective study of morphology and phagocytosis of synovial fluid monosodium urate crystals in gouty arthritis. AB - Crystals can be identified in synovial fluids (SF) in the absence of acute inflammation as well as during acute gouty arthritis. We examined gouty joint effusions to evaluate whether observable properties of the crystals correlate with the clinically detectable inflammation. Higher SF leukocyte counts and more crystal phagocytosis were confirmed during more severe arthritis. We found no differences between crystal sizes, numbers of shapes in severe versus mild inflammation. Some patients with severe acute gout had few crystals or only punctate birefringent fragments. Factors other than those we examined must affect the severity of the inflammatory response in gouty arthritis. PMID- 6520828 TI - Direct stimulation of neutrophil oxygenation activity by serum from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: a relationship to disease activity. AB - Sera from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) directly stimulate polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMNL) oxygenation activity as measured by luminol dependent chemiluminescence (CL). The stimulatory capacity of a serum, expressed as percent PMNL chemiluminescence (%CL), was calculated by dividing the integral CL response to the serum by the integral CL response to a standard stimulus, opsonified zymosan. Testing was performed on 50 sera obtained serially from 8 SLE patients and on 14 sera from 11 controls. Sera from SLE patients in remission and controls were nonstimulatory with mean %CL +/- SE values of 3.1 +/- 0.7 and 3.5 +/- 0.9, respectively. Sera obtained from the SLE patients during active disease yielded a mean %CL value of 26.6 +/- 9.0. The stimulatory capacity of SLE serum was concentration dependent and enhanced by adding normal serum complement. The CL response correlated with serological measures of SLE activity such as antibodies to double stranded DNA (p less than .0001) and Clq binding immune complexes (p less than .001). Thus, during active SLE, PMNL may become metabolically activated by exposure to serum containing immune complexes and possibly other factors. PMNL activation may contribute to the development of vasculitis, leukopenia, and susceptibility to infection. Our CL approach allows sensitive in vitro assessment of the phlogistic properties of serum to monitor SLE disease activity. PMID- 6520829 TI - Lymphocyte subsets and inflammatory indices in synovial fluid and blood of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Lymphocyte subsets defined by monoclonal antibodies, C reactive protein (CRP), immune complexes (IC), rheumatoid factor (RF), C3, C4 and neutrophil and lymphocyte numbers were measured in synovial fluid (SF) and blood samples from 11 patients with rheumatoid arthritis. SF showed an increased percentage of T cells, Ia+ cells and OKT8+ cells and a reduced percentage of B cells and OKT4+ cells, when compared with blood. Reduced levels of CRP, RF, C3 and C4 were found in SF compared with blood. Comparisons between cellular subsets and other indices in SF revealed a positive correlation between neutrophil numbers and IC, CRP, and RF with a negative correlation between neutrophil numbers and numbers of T cells and OKT8+ cells. A similar negative correlation was found in blood between OKT8+ cells and both CRP and RF. These results indicate an association between increasing disease activity and a lack of suppressor/cytotoxic cells in both circulating and intraarticular compartments. An additional important finding was the lack of correlation of Ia+ cells in both SF and blood with neutrophil numbers, CRP, IC, C3 and C4 or RF. PMID- 6520830 TI - Dose, plasma concentration and response relationships of D-penicillamine in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Plasma concentrations were measured in 10 patients with rheumatoid arthritis taking 250 mg, 500 mg and 750 mg of D-penicillamine daily. A disproportionate rise in the dose adjusted area under the plasma concentration vs time curve suggested dose dependent kinetics for D-penicillamine. Marked interindividual variability was seen with pharmacokinetic parameters and no correlations were observed between side effects or response and plasma concentrations of reduced D penicillamine. PMID- 6520831 TI - Rheumatoid arthritis: the effects of treatment with dapsone on hemoglobin. AB - Hemoglobin concentration (Hb) was measured at 6 week intervals for up to a year in 84 patients with rheumatoid arthritis treated with dapsone. During the first 6 weeks, mean Hb decreased from 12.0 to 11.0 g/dl (p less than 0.001). Falls in Hb occurred in 81% of patients but exceeded 2 g/dl in only 10%. After more than 6 weeks of treatment mean Hb increased, though a few individuals became anemic during this period. Anemia led to discontinuation of dapsone in 5 (6%) patients. Men and patients receiving corticosteroids had higher pretreatment Hb values; after falls in mean Hb at 6 weeks, recovery was more rapid in these 2 subgroups. Changes in Hb produced by 100 mg and 150 mg dapsone daily were similar. PMID- 6520832 TI - The lupus activity criteria count (LACC). AB - A single clinical and laboratory assessment from each of 50 randomly chosen patients with systemic lupus erythematosus followed in a prospective study were evaluated for disease activity by 3 individual rheumatologists. Of the 50 assessments, 24 were considered to be active, 12 possibly active and 14 inactive. The 38 assessments that were clearly active or inactive were then analyzed. Clusters of variables were chosen for clinical relevance and association with activity, and 7 highly associated variables were combined into the lupus activity criteria count. Analysis of these criteria in the 50 assessments revealed that the presence of any 2 correctly predicted active disease in 100% of cases. This activity criteria count was then validated using a second sample of 50 assessments. PMID- 6520833 TI - Ankylosing spondylitis: a comparative study of patients in an epidemiological survey, and those admitted to a department of rheumatology. AB - Seventy-four hospitalized patients with ankylosing spondylitis (HOSP AS) were compared clinically with 27 AS patients found in an epidemiological study (EPI AS). The distribution of radiographic changes, initial symptoms and age at onset of AS, frequency of HLA-B27 and acute anterior uveitis were similar in the 2 groups. The EPI AS patients had less restricted spinal and chest mobility than the hospitalized patients. Restriction of mobility thus appears to be an important factor for referral of patients with AS to hospital. A higher frequency of employment among EPI AS patients was found. PMID- 6520834 TI - Computed tomography of paraspinal musculature in ankylosing spondylitis. AB - Computed tomography (CT) was used to delineate the paraspinal musculature in 14 patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS). Abnormal atrophy of the erector spinae muscles and multifidi was demonstrated in all 8 patients with total bony ankylosis of the spine, but was not present in those with isolated syndesmophyte formation, vertebral squaring alone or sacroiliac joint ankylosis with normal spinal radiographs. There was a significant positive correlation between a CT score of paravertebral muscle wasting and clinical parameters of disease duration and restriction of spinal mobility. Wasting and asymmetry of the psoas muscles was seen in 3 patients with unilateral hip joint involvement. These findings suggest that a relationship exists between decreased or absent spinal movement and atrophy of the paraspinal musculature in AS. PMID- 6520836 TI - The lifetime economic costs of rheumatoid arthritis. AB - The lifetime economic costs of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) were estimated in a cohort with initial onset of RA in 1977. These costs included medical care expenses as well as the costs associated with illness-related work loss, overall and by age/sex category. The present value of the lifetime economic costs of RA was estimated to be $20,412/case in 1977 dollars, which is nearly as great as that for stroke and coronary heart disease. The study also highlighted the need for improved data on disease incidence, treatment costs, and survival experience of RA patients. PMID- 6520835 TI - The effect of juvenile inflammatory synovial fluid on in vitro cartilage. AB - Inflammatory and noninflammatory juvenile synovial fluid (SF) samples were examined in vitro for their effect on cartilage. SF from 3 of 6 patients with pauciarticular juvenile arthritis (JA), 7 of 7 patients with polyarticular JA and 2 of 2 patients with ankylosing spondylitis had significantly increased proteoglycan (PG) releasing activity in 4 day cultures of living but not of freeze-killed cartilage. Noninflammatory SF did not cause increased PG release. Cartilage collagen content was not significantly altered by either inflammatory or noninflammatory SF. Our in vitro results showed PG releasing activity was present in inflammatory but not in normal juvenile SF. PMID- 6520837 TI - Persistent immunoglobulin deficiency after prednisolone and antiepileptic therapy in a C2 deficient patient with lupus-like syndrome. AB - A homozygous C2 deficient patient with a lupus-like syndrome developed hypogammaglobulinemia soon after treatment with prednisolone together with phenytoin, replaced subsequently by carbamazepine. She suffered from recurrent chest infections and her lupus symptoms continued unabated. In vitro tests of immunoglobulin production by her Epstein Barr virus transformed B cells showed typical patterns of reduced IgA and IgG production seen in common variable hypogammaglobulinemia. An opsonisation defect to Hemophilus influenzae was also demonstrated which could be reversed by the addition of pooled human gammaglobulin. Serum IgM and IgG levels returned to normal 2 years after withdrawal of phenytoin and prednisolone, but 3 years later, she remained IgA deficient and the in vitro abnormalities persisted. PMID- 6520838 TI - Coexistent gout and hypertrophic osteoarthropathy in patients with cyanotic heart disease. AB - We describe 2 adult patients with cyanotic congenital heart disease whom, as a complication of their cardiopathy, had 2 different rheumatic syndromes: gout and hypertrophic osteoarthropathy. The coexistence of these arthropathies in the same patient, to our knowledge, has not been previously reported. We discuss the possible pathogenic mechanisms that may link these syndromes to cyanotic heart disease. PMID- 6520839 TI - Felty's syndrome in a child. AB - The occurrence of the triad of leukopenia, splenomegaly and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) (Felty's syndrome) during childhood has not been reported previously. We describe an adolescent with onset during childhood of seropositive, nodular, erosive, polyarticular RA in whom both leukopenia and splenomegaly were accompanying features. Neither nonsteroidal antiinflammatory agents nor plasmapheresis were therapeutically beneficial, but low dose oral prednisone therapy resulted in both clinical and hematological improvement. PMID- 6520840 TI - Nodular regenerative hyperplasia of the liver in a patient with rheumatoid vasculitis: a morphometric study suggesting a role for hepatic arteritis in the pathogenesis. AB - Nodular regenerative hyperplasia (NRH) of the liver commonly occurs as a complication of Felty's syndrome but the pathogenesis of the hepatic lesion is not certain. We present a patient with rheumatoid arthritis, leukopenia, glomerulonephritis, NRH and portal hypertension who had histologic evidence of widespread intrahepatic arteritis and paucity of arteries less than 40 micron diameter. We postulate that in this patient the arterial lesions caused secondary portal venous obliteration, portal hypertension, and nodular transformation. PMID- 6520841 TI - Clinical pathological conference. Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University, St. John's, Newfoundland. PMID- 6520842 TI - Tophaceous gout in the cervical spine. PMID- 6520843 TI - Response of hypertrophic osteoarthropathy to drugs inhibiting growth hormone. PMID- 6520844 TI - The knee thrill: a sign of effusion. PMID- 6520845 TI - Another look at stress fractures in rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 6520846 TI - D-penicillamine does not chelate gold. PMID- 6520847 TI - The onset of reflex sympathetic dystrophy despite pretreatment with corticosteroid. PMID- 6520848 TI - Conscience, virtue, integrity and medical ethics. PMID- 6520849 TI - Paternalism and partial autonomy. AB - A contrast is often drawn between standard adult capacities for autonomy, which allow informed consent to be given or withheld, and patients' reduced capacities, which demand paternalistic treatment. But patients may not be radically different from the rest of us, in that all human capacities for autonomous action are limited. An adequate account of paternalism and the role that consent and respect for persons can play in medical and other practice has to be developed within an ethical theory that does not impose an idealised picture of unlimited autonomy but allows for the variable and partial character of actual human autonomy. PMID- 6520850 TI - Iconoclastic ethics. AB - Arguments are advanced, on a pragmatic basis, for preferring a 'situational' approach to medical ethical problems, rather than an approach based on any one of the dogmatic formulations on offer. The consequences of such a preference are exemplified in relation to confidentiality; and in relation to the ethical dilemmas which surround the beginning and the end of terrestrial human life. PMID- 6520851 TI - Medical ethics: an excuse for inefficiency? AB - There is frequently an appearance of conflict between medicine and economics. This arises first because the nature of health and health care requires the doctor to make decisions on behalf of the patient and thus serves to explain why medical ethics exist. But secondly it is due to the relative lack of acceptance of the ethics of the common good within medical ethics. As a result while economics in the field of health has as an objective the maximisation of the health of the community, subject to resource constraints, medical ethics pushes individual doctors to try to maximise the health of their patients. There is no reason to believe that the latter will sum to the former. To make the maximisation of health of the community the goal of the medical profession requires institutional changes, particularly with regard to budgeting, which will cajole and if necessary coerce doctors to adopt the good of the community as their objective. PMID- 6520852 TI - Compulsory health and safety in a free society. AB - The ageing population and new technology are both increasing the cost of our free health service, and there are sound economic reasons for extending measures which reduce the diseases common to our society. But if education fails to change public attitudes towards habits such as tobacco smoking and poor diet, to what extent is the State justified in compelling us to be healthy? This issue touches on the sensitive areas of personal freedom and responsibility and involves complex cultural, historical and economic considerations. Both governments and individuals can be criticised for the way this issue has been handled in the past, and it is hoped that the examples discussed in this paper will stimulate further debate. PMID- 6520853 TI - Health promotion--caring concern or slick salesmanship? AB - There is an increasing tendency for administrators and government to expect both the health services and the education service to 'show results' for the investment of public money in them. One response to this has been the growing commitment to 'health promotion', where measurable objectives may be set in terms of desired behaviour (stopping smoking, breast self-examination, child immunisation etc) and where evaluation can be made on the evidence of statistical improvement. Health workers use the term 'promotion' in a variety of ways which seem to be as confusing to them as they are to their clients --the general public. Since successful promotion is likely to depend on the 'hard sell' (and since the methodology and aims of this may be incompatible with those of health education) this paper looks at some of the questions which the customer might wish to ask the salesman before deciding whether or not to buy. PMID- 6520854 TI - Health promotion--caring concern. AB - 'Health promotion' has unfortunately come to mean different things to different people. Interpretations have frequently been left implicit and where spelt out have often been too diffuse or too limited to be useful. Nevertheless the term can be usefully employed to define a set of health-enhancing activities in which the focus is deflected from current disease- and cure-oriented power bases. Used in this way health promotion can come to include the best of the developing theory and practice from a wide range of 'experts' but can also place due emphasis on community involvement. To reject health promotion on the basis of selected, inadequate interpretations is to discard past successes, current developments and future possibilities in important fields of activity and to preserve an inappropriate status quo. PMID- 6520855 TI - A workshop on medical ethics at the College of Medicine, Lagos University. AB - As part of an effort to improve the teaching of medical ethics in the College of Medicine, Lagos University two-day workshops were organised. Participants included people from various walks of life, for example politicians, lawyers, doctors, and patients. The workshops were quite successful, and have led to more extensive teaching of medical ethics in the college. PMID- 6520856 TI - Fetal brain waves and personhood. PMID- 6520857 TI - Singer and Kuhse on the potential of embryos. PMID- 6520858 TI - Unilateral glomerular DNA-anti-DNA complex formation in situ. AB - DNA has a high affinity for collagenous structures such as glomerular basement membrane. DNA was infused into the isolated left kidney in rats to determine whether this antigen though negatively charged would bind to glomerular structures. Mainly mesangial localization with minimal capillary localization was noted. Infusion of anti-DNA antibody after glomerular DNA binding allowed for formation of DNA-anti-DNA deposits in situ. PMID- 6520859 TI - Human platelets aggregate during antigen-antibody reactions at different antigen antibody ratios. AB - The effects of immune complex formation on human platelets were tested in vitro using tetanus-toxoid and rabbit anti-tetanus toxoid for immune complex formation and washed human platelets. The antigen-antibody reactions took place at 37 degrees C in a stirred cuvette, constantly monitored. To this cuvette we added initially a platelet suspension and a dilution of antibody, and after this mixture reached equilibrium, antigen was added. Platelets aggregated as a consequence of immune reactions taking place at antigen-antibody ratios ranging from four times antigen excess to twenty times antibody excess (relative to equivalence). Platelets also aggregated as a result of reactions in which heat inactivated antiserum was used, although in a more narrow range of Ag:Ab concentrations, suggesting that complement is not essential for their stimulation but may help in stabilizing the Ag:Ab reaction. Our observations provide indirect evidence in support of the involvement of human platelets in the pathogenesis of immune complex-mediated hypersensitivity reactions. PMID- 6520860 TI - Luteinizing hormone and gonadal steroid levels during the menstrual cycle of orangutans. AB - Serum luteinizing hormone (LH), progesterone, 17 beta-estradiol, and testosterone were measured during a single cycle each of five female orangutans, and urinary LH was measured in four of those cycles. Midcycle peaks in LH and luteal phase elevations in progesterone (5.7-13.8 ng/ml) suggested that the cycles were ovulatory. 17 beta-Estradiol was elevated at midcycle (163-318 pg/ml) and during the luteal phase (56-136 pg/ml) and testosterone was also elevated at midcycle (143-580 pg/ml). These hormone patterns in the orangutans closely resemble those for chimpanzees, gorillas, and human females. PMID- 6520862 TI - The influence of physical and chemical restraint on the physiology of the chacma baboon (Papio ursinus). AB - The chacma baboon (Papio ursinus) is extensively used in South Africa for biomedical research. Being a large primate, it is always necessary to apply some measure of chemical or physical restraint. The physiological effects of placing an animal in a restraint chair are compared with the effects of various chemical agents, such as ketamine, halothane, and ketamine/xylazine combination over 90 min. It was found that ketamine and thiopentone infusion were a satisfactory chemical restraint agent that gave a stable physiological state over 90 min. PMID- 6520861 TI - Comparison of human and siamang ABH and MN blood groups using monoclonal antibodies. AB - Comparison of human and siamang ABHIi and MNSs blood groups using monoclonal antibodies and enzyme-modified erythrocytes showed a different organization of ABHIi in the siamang, and a greatly altered expression of the sialoglycoproteins that express MNSs. While several monoclonal antibodies to human MNSs sialoglycoproteins failed to agglutinate siamang erythrocytes, MoAb145, a monoclonal antibody that reacts with the MN sialoglycoprotein, agglutinated siamang erythrocytes to almost the same titer as human red blood cells. These studies suggest the potential usefulness of monoclonal antibodies in seroprimatology. PMID- 6520863 TI - Absence of naturally acquired tetanus antitoxin in the free-ranging Cayo Santiago rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta). AB - Tetanus is enzootic in the free-ranging rhesus monkey colony on Cayo Santiago. The disease accounts for 25% of all mortalities in the population. The high prevalence of tetanus provided a unique opportunity to study the potential roles of geophagia, wounding, and clinical tetanus infections on the development of naturally acquired tetanus antitoxin in rhesus macaques. Eighty-six unvaccinated monkeys, including six that recovered from tetanus, were serosurveyed using a mouse toxin neutralization test. None of the animals had detectable antitoxin titers (less than 0.001 AU/ml), suggesting that natural immunity to tetanus is either rare or nonexistent in the Cayo Santiago colony. PMID- 6520864 TI - A centrifugation method for standardized sedimentation of mononuclear human blood cells on glass for scanning electron microscopy. AB - A centrifugation method for depositing cells on cover-glasses for scanning electron microscopy (SEM) is described. This centrifugation procedure provides a defined and standardized morphology of mononuclear cells from human blood. The method circumvents the highly variable flattening of some blood cells such as monocytes, observed with some methods. The SEM images show fine morphological surface details indicating a well-preserved cell morphology. The cell recovery of the method is sufficiently high and the lymphocyte-monocyte ratio in centrifugation preparations was found identical to the ratio in control smear preparations. PMID- 6520865 TI - On estimating freezing times during tissue rapid freezing. AB - For the study of morphological changes that are associated with fast physiological processes, it is important to know the times at which the surface regions of specimens are frozen during rapid freezing. A simple physical model has been used to estimate the freezing times and the cooling rates at 10 micron depths in specimens. The calculations indicate that cooling rates in excess of 4 X 10(4) K s-1 are associated with freezing times of less than 0.5 ms. Using the same model, experimental measurements of freezing times at much larger depths have been extrapolated to a depth of 10 micron, the times obtained are 0.1-0.6 ms for freezing by rapid immersion in cryogenic liquids, and 0.1 ms or less for freezing on a metal block. It is concluded that the delay time between contact with a cryogenic source and specimen freezing is less than 0.5 ms. The uncertainty in the time of freezing may be larger than this, because of an uncertainty of about +/- 0.5 ms in determining the exact time of contact and, for freeze fracture studies, because of an uncertainty of up to 0.5 ms due to imprecision in the depth of fracture. At the same time it is estimated that the time during which freezing takes place may be as high as 250 microseconds, which can be taken as an upper limit for the resolution time for rapid freezing. PMID- 6520866 TI - Behavioral treatment of Raynaud's phenomenon in scleroderma. AB - Twenty-four patients with Raynaud's phenomenon and scleroderma were randomly assigned to receive finger temperature biofeedback, frontalis EMG biofeedback, or autogenic training. Only those receiving temperature feedback showed significant increases in finger temperature during training and during a posttraining test of voluntary control, effects not attributable to general relaxation. However, no group demonstrated significant clinical improvement, assessed by symptom reports and by ambulatory monitoring of finger temperature. The need for careful classification of patients with Raynaud's disease and Raynaud's phenomenon in scleroderma is emphasized. PMID- 6520867 TI - Learned self-control of tinnitus through a matching-to-sample feedback technique: a clinical investigation. AB - Two cases are reported in which subjective tinnitus aurium was treated with a matching-to-sample procedure. Following baseline evaluations, the subjects' experienced tinnitus was reproduced audiometrically in terms of loudness, frequency, and quality. This was presented to them in the noninvolved ear and was gradually reduced within sessions. The subjects were required to concentrate on reducing their tinnitus until an equal match had been achieved between it and the stimulus sound at each new decibel level. Both subjects gained control over their tinnitus and were able to reduce it markedly from baseline levels. This procedure is viewed as an advance over other techniques not only in that it significantly reduces the tinnitus but in the fact that it is done through the subject's own control, providing psychological benefit as well. PMID- 6520868 TI - Development of a patient measure of satisfaction with the dentist: the Dental Visit Satisfaction Scale. AB - Although patient satisfaction has been studied in the traditional medical context, patient satisfaction with the dentist has received only minor attention. This paper reports the development of a 10-item Dental Visit Satisfaction Scale. This scale was designed to assess patient satisfaction with the dentist in the context of a specific visit. It provides three subscales--Information Communication, Understanding-Acceptance, and Technical Competence--as well as an overall measure of satisfaction. Satisfactory internal consistency was obtained for all scale measures, and one assessment of construct validity is reported. Potential clinical and research applications are discussed. PMID- 6520869 TI - Puzzles in the study of daily hassles. PMID- 6520870 TI - Type A behavior and illness in general. AB - Based on questionnaire responses from 206 college women, relationships were found between the Type A and Speed and Impatience factors from the Jenkins Activity Survey and various indicators of illness. Those scoring high on these factors reported considerably more physical symptoms, in general, than those scoring low. The Speed and Impatience factor showed up more strongly, being related to gastrointestinal symptoms, respiratory symptoms, sleep disorders, and chest pains. These findings, therefore, suggest that the coronary-prone Type A behavior pattern is implicated in illness problems beyond the vascular system. PMID- 6520871 TI - Treatment of 300 consecutive morbid obesity patients with gastric bypass. PMID- 6520872 TI - Malignant neck masses in adults. PMID- 6520873 TI - Electrophysiologic and mechanical effects of metabolic inhibition of high-energy phosphate production in cultured chick embryo ventricular cells. AB - The early electrophysiological and mechanical effects of metabolic inhibition of high energy phosphate production were studied in cultured chick embryo heart cells. Selective inhibition of either glycolysis by 2-deoxyglucose in the presence of acetate or of oxidative phosphorylation by cyanide showed different effects. 2-deoxyglucose induced pronounced reduction in maximal diastolic potential and prolongation of excitation contraction delay, with only a moderate decrease of contractility and with only minimal changes in action potential duration. Cyanide, on the other hand, induced a profound negative inotropic effect and caused slowing of relaxation, shortening of action potential duration, a decrease in the upstroke of the action potential, and only a moderate decrease in the diastolic membrane potential. Exposure to 2-deoxyglucose and cyanide combined produced effects consistent with inhibition of both metabolic pathways. These observations are consistent with the hypothesis that these two metabolic pathways may have specific roles in fueling several energy-demanding functions of the myocardial cell. PMID- 6520874 TI - The change of the free energy of ATP hydrolysis during global ischemia and anoxia in the rat heart. Its possible role in the regulation of transsarcolemmal sodium and potassium gradients. AB - The timecourse of change of the cytoplasmic free energy of ATP hydrolysis during acute global ischemia and during anoxic perfusion was determined in the isolated rat heart. The timecourse of change of transsarcolemmal Na+ and K+ gradients during anoxia, and of extracellular K+ during ischemia were measured. The free energy of ATP hydrolysis was calculated from the equilibrium of the creatinekinase reaction, taking into account the pH-dependence of the equilibrium constant, and intracellular inorganic phosphate. In control aerobic hearts the mean free energy of ATP hydrolysis was 55.2 kJ/mol. Both during ischemia and anoxia it declines biphasically. The first rapid phase terminates within 4 min into a plateau of about 46 kJ/mol. The duration of this plateau is shorter during anoxia than during ischemia. The second phase of decrease starts after 6 to 8 min during anoxia and after 15 to 20 min during ischemia. After 30 min of anoxia the free energy of ATP hydrolysis has decreased to 31 kJ/mol and after 30 min of ischemia a value of 35.5 kJ/mol is reached. The timecourses of change of measured intracellular Na+ and K during anoxia and of extracellular K+ during ischemia were also biphasic. During anoxia the loss of intracellular K+ was almost equal to the gain of intracellular Na+ at any point. Based on the assumption that the sodium pump is in thermodynamic equilibrium or near-equilibrium during anoxia and ischemia, the time-course of change of Na+ and K+ gradients during anoxia and of extracellular K+ during ischemia were calculated from the respective timecourses of change of the free energy of ATP hydrolysis. Good agreement was observed between calculated and measured changes of Na+ and K+ gradients. It is concluded that the magnitude and direction of change of transsarcolemmal ion-gradients during anoxia and ischemia may be under direct thermodynamic control of myocardial energy metabolism. PMID- 6520875 TI - Effects of low sodium perfusion on cardiac caffeine sensitivity and calcium uptake. AB - Myocardial compartmentation of calcium was investigated in the arterially perfused rabbit interventricular septum under conditions of augmented calcium uptake. Reduction of perfusate sodium concentration (100-36 mM [Na]0) produced the expected increased active force development and an increased myocardial calcium content that was inversely proportional to [Na]0. Caffeine was used to inhibit calcium uptake by the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) and to stimulate SR calcium release. The diastolic tension response to caffeine was also inversely proportional to [Na]0: at [Na]0 of 139 mM, 10 mM caffeine increased diastolic tension by 20%; whereas at 36 mM [Na]0 diastolic tension increased by 205%. The increase in diastolic tension in response to caffeine was considered a reflection of increased cytosolic calcium. The increase in diastolic tension with caffeine required that reduced [Na]0 be present at the time caffeine was administered. Caffeine sensitivity (measured by an increase in diastolic tension) and active force development declined to control levels within 3 minutes after the end of a 40 minute period of low [Na]0 perfusion despite the presence of an additional 1 mmole calcium per kg dry wt in the muscle at the 3 minute mark when caffeine was added. The results indicate that low [Na]0 perfusion induces an increment in myocardial calcium content, a major fraction of which is neither related directly to contractility nor involved in the response to caffeine. PMID- 6520876 TI - Neutrophil-derived, oxygen free radical-mediated cardiovascular dysfunction. AB - Oxygen free radicals and their metabolites generated from activated neutrophils have been implicated in mediating the cardiovascular dysfunction of such diverse etiologies as myocardial ischemia and reperfusion injury, Gram negative sepsis, myocarditis and acute cardiac allograft rejection, but a direct demonstration of neutrophil derived oxygen free radical mediation of cardiovascular dysfunction has not been accomplished. In this study, we have demonstrated that activation of the canine neutrophil system, in vivo, results in the generation of oxygen free radicals that are capable of disrupting cardiovascular function producing a significant decrease in mean arterial pressure and cardiac index without any significant effect on the conduction system of the myocardium. Neutrophil depletion or pretreatment with superoxide dismutase and catalase inhibited the effects of activated neutrophils. This study provides evidence that neutrophil derived reduced oxygen intermediates are able to induce severe cardiovascular dysfunction. PMID- 6520877 TI - Three-year follow-up of couples evaluated for sexual dysfunction. AB - The present status of 49 couples who three years previously had been evaluated but not treated at a clinic for sexual dysfunction was determined by a self report assessment battery. The battery consisted of the Sexual Interaction Inventory, the Locke-Wallace Marriage Inventory and the Sexual History Form completed at initial evaluation and follow-up. An additional Follow-up Questionnaire was completed at post only. Approximately 52% of the men and 54% of the women reported receiving therapy during the period between initial intake and follow-up. Analysis of male data revealed that with the exceptions of estimates of mate satisfaction and marital happiness, all other variables measuring sexual behaviors and attitudes did not show significant changes over time. Men who received subsequent therapy reported significantly more erectile difficulty at both intake and follow-up than their nontreated counterparts. In contrast, women showed significant improvement over time in sexual satisfaction, acceptance of mate, and ability to achieve orgasm through a wider variety of means. These improvements were reported by women who had therapy during the interim period as well as women who had not had therapy. Repeated measured ANOVAs and t-test analyses were performed examining the effects of male dysfunction on female functioning. Interpretations of the differences in change noted over time between women and men are offered as well as suggestions for future research. PMID- 6520878 TI - Five universal exigencies, indicatrons and sexological theory. AB - In sexology as science, except for the special case of introspection, on which the defense of mind-body dualism rests, raw data are obtained, like the raw data of all the other sciences, through the special senses and exteroceptive observation. In Table 1 are shown the verbs and nouns that are needed to relate the five special senses of the observer to the observed, as stimuli are transmitted to their destination from their source. Some of these terms sound somewhat unidiomatic, which is no accident. It is precisely because vernacular English was not designed for scientific usage that some needed terms have been lacking--to the detriment of theoretical mindbody unity. Another missing term in sexology as science is a generic one for any type of unit of raw data. The gap can be filled with the new term, indicatron, in recognition of the fact that sexology's units of raw data all serve to indicate something. Since exactly the same applies to the raw data of any science, then sexology and the other sciences share the same premise. The sociopsychological and the biomedical sciences from which sexology conjointly derives are not separated as being of the mind and the body respectively. They are unified in indicatronics, the science of indicatrons, in which the split between body and mind is semantically irrelevant. The indicatrons of sexology can be classified under five universal exigencies of being human: being pairbonded, troopbonded, abidant, yclept, and foredoomed. PMID- 6520879 TI - Extramarital sexual crisis: common themes and therapy implications. AB - The extramarital crisis situation is defined and six common themes presented. These distinguishing features: cognitive and emotional turmoil, unresolved relationship issues, defensiveness, pressures related to the extramarital partner(s), search for an interpretive framework, and decisions about the future, are elaborated in terms of existing literature in the field of extramarital sex. The six themes constitute a general profile from which therapists can formulate specific client assessments. Therapy implications are dealt with for each theme and collectively represent an approach to extramarital crises and a summarization of existing clinical strategies. Some research data is presented as further verification of the six-theme framework. PMID- 6520880 TI - Sexual behavior, responsiveness, and attitudes among women: a test of two theories. AB - This study tests two theories regarding the attitude and behavioral determinants of women's coital and masturbatory orgasmic responsiveness. Data from 115 sexually active women were analyzed using latent-variable structural equation models. Twenty-one variables are used to represent seven latent constructs: Parent Sexual Attitudes, Sexual Latency, Sexual Behavior, Dating Competence, Social Assertiveness, Subjective Masturbatory Responsiveness, and Subjective Coital Responsiveness. Two specific theories are tested with these constructs. Each theory predicts a different structural arrangement among these latent factors with the fundamental difference being whether behavior predicts responsiveness or vice-versa. Two alternate models were found to reflect the data adequately. In both instances, attitudes predicted behavior and, in general, orgasmic responsiveness tended to be a function of behavior. PMID- 6520881 TI - Results from 86 two-year carcinogenicity studies conducted by the National Toxicology Program. AB - Five categories of evidence of carcinogenicity in rats and mice were used to group interpretative results on 86 chemicals studied in recent carcinogenicity tests carried out by the National Toxicology Program (NTP). Of these studies, 50% (43/86) were regarded as showing carcinogenic effects, 42% (36/86) gave no evidence of carcinogenicity, 6% (5/86) showed equivocal evidence of carcinogenicity, and 2% (2/86) were regarded as inadequate experiments. The liver was the most frequent site of cancer in male and female Fischer-344 rats and in male and female B6C3F1 mice. Male rats appeared more sensitive than female rats to the induction of neoplasia, while for mice the females seemed more responsive. The routes of administration yielding the highest percentage (80-83%) of positive studies were gavage and inhalation; approximately one-third of the feed, drinking water, and dermal studies showed carcinogenic effects. In feeding studies, overall survival in dosed and control groups were similar, while the majority of gavage studies showed significantly reduced survival in one or more dosed groups relative to the corresponding controls. The overall percentage of studies showing carcinogenic effects (50%) agrees closely with the rate reported by other investigators for nearly 200 earlier carcinogenicity experiments conducted by the National Cancer Institute. PMID- 6520882 TI - Effect of dog food containing 460 ppm fluoride on rat reproduction. AB - A one-generation, two-litter rat reproduction study was done in a kennel in Allegan County, Michigan, as part of an investigation of reproductive problems in Shetland sheepdogs (shelties). Since 1970, at least 115 sheltie litters at this kennel have been grossly deformed and/or have died, generally within 3 d of birth. The causative factor(s) appears to be associated with the environment, as the shelties have had successful pregnancies elsewhere. There was some concern that a potential threat to human reproduction also might exist in this area. After it was discovered that fluoride in the dog food had apparently caused mottled teeth and bony exostoses in dogs at this and at least two other kennels, dog-food fluoride content and local well water were investigated as possible causes of the reproductive problems. A two-way factorial statistical design allowed assessment of dietary fluoride content and water source and interaction between the two. UPj:TUC(SD)spf rats, 9 males and 18 females in each group, were assigned to treatment with high-fluoride dog food (460 ppm) and well water; high fluoride dog food and distilled water; low-fluoride dog food (56 ppm) and well water; and low-fluoride dog food and distilled water. After 60 d in the kennel, the rats were mated. Even after two litters, the only adverse effect was dental fluorosis in the high-fluoride groups. The results indicated that rats cannot be used in the search for the cause(s) of reproductive problems in dogs in this kennel. PMID- 6520883 TI - Toxicologic, pathologic, and immunotoxic effects of 2,4-dichlorophenol in rats. AB - 2,4-Dichlorophenol (DCP) is a drinking and waste-water contaminant formed by the spontaneous reaction of chlorine with phenols following chlorination of water for disinfection and deodorization. Rats were exposed to 0, 3, 30, or 300 ppm DCP in drinking water either in utero or for 12 wk postnatally following in utero exposure. Toxicity to DCP was assessed by organ and body weight changes, histopathology, and effects on reproduction and immunocompetence. Reproductive parameters measured included conception, litter size, pup birth weight, number stillborn, survival to weaning, and weaning weight. Immune parameters assessed were humoral immunity (antibody production) by an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), cell-mediated immunity by a delayed-type hypersensitivity response, and macrophage function by phagocytosis of radiolabeled blood cells. Rats that received the combined in utero and postnatal treatment with 300 ppm DCP had significantly increased liver and spleen weights, enhanced humoral immune responsiveness, and depressed cell-mediated immunity. Histopathologic changes were unremarkable in DCP-exposed rats, even in the presence of increased liver and spleen weights. The 6-wk-old progeny of DCP treated dams had normal immune functions and showed no signs of DCP toxicity, other than increased spleen weights in the 300-ppm exposure group. The results indicate that (1) the immune system may be a sensitive target for chlorinated phenolic compounds, (2) DCP may exert different effects on separate major immune responses, and (3) unlike some other chlorinated phenols, DCP does not appear to alter reproductive performance in rats. PMID- 6520884 TI - Bioconcentration and metabolism of picric acid (2,4,6-trinitrophenol) and picramic acid (2-amino-4,6-dinitrophenol) in rainbow trout Salmo gairdneri. AB - The bioconcentration and metabolism of picric acid and picramic acid were determined for rainbow trout. The bioconcentration factor (BCF) in the epaxial muscle at 42 d for both of these compounds was less than 1; the skin had a BCF value of 1 and 9, respectively. The half-life (t1/2) elimination for the high and low dose of picric acid was 12.0 and 12.5 d, respectively; and for picramic acid was 9.0 and 9.5 d, respectively. In separate experiments, approximately 34% of the injected [14C]picric acid was metabolized to picramic acid, glucuronide conjugates, and an unidentified group of compounds, and 42% of the [14C]picric acid was metabolized to picric acid, glucuronide conjugates, and an unidentified group of compounds. The low bioconcentration in the trout muscle may be due to the trout's ability to excrete the parent compound and metabolites. The higher radioactivity observed on the skin may be due to the water route of exposure and the binding of the parent compounds to protein. PMID- 6520885 TI - Brain irradiation: effects on regional MAO and COMT activity in the brain of the squirrel monkey and on the incorporation of [14C]tyrosine into catecholamines. AB - The effects of brain irradiation on the enzyme activity of monoamine oxidase (MAO) and catecholamine O-methyltransferase (COMT), as well as on the rate of incorporation of [14C]tyrosine into catecholamines (CAs), were examined in brain regions of the squirrel monkey (Saimiri sciureus). Results indicated that proton irradiation of the striate visual cortex at either 10,000 or 20,000 rad drastically affected the MAO activity, moderately affected the COMT activity, and significantly altered the incorporation of [14C]tyrosine into CAs in several brain regions. After 10,000 rad, MAO activity was increased in caudate nucleus (by 135%) and cerebellum (by 41%); significantly decreased in putamen (by 49%), gray matter (by 19%), and hippocampus (by 18%); and unchanged in brainstem. After 20,000 rad, MAO activity was markedly increased in caudate nucleus (by 114%), but decreased in cerebellum (by 24%), putamen (by 38%), gray matter (by 30%), and hippocampus (by 36%), and unchanged in brainstem. After 10,000 rad, COMT activity was significantly decreased in putamen (by 27%) and brainstem (28%). After 20,000 rad, COMT activity was significantly decreased in putamen (by 22%) and cortical gray matter (by 37%) but unchanged in the other brain regions examined. The 10,000 rad significantly increased the rate of incorporation of [14C]tyrosine into CAs in both the cerebellum (by 68%) and hypothalamus (by 26%), but 20,000 rad increased the rate only in hypothalamus (by 17%) and decreased the rate in hippocampus (by 24%). The whole-brain weights were significantly decreased after both 10,000 or 20,000 rad, by 17% and 11%, respectively. The only significant change in regional tissue weight was observed in putamen after 20,000 rad (a decrease by 17%). The protein concentration was significantly increased in hippocampus at both 10,000 (by 13%) and 20,000 (by 30%) but not affected in other brain regions examined. These data support our previous conclusion that a sustained chemical change occurs at the irradiated site and that the effect was transmitted to nonirradiated brain regions. Results also suggest that catecholaminergic pathways may exist between striate visual cortex and other cortical or subcortical brain areas where chemical changes were observed after visual cortical lesion by proton irradiation at various doses. PMID- 6520886 TI - In vivo percutaneous absorption of paraquat from hand, leg, and forearm of humans. AB - This study determines the in vivo percutaneous absorption of paraquat in humans. Three skin sites of application were used in a crossover manner for six subjects. The percents of applied dose (9 micrograms/cm2) absorbed were 0.29 +/- 0.2 (SD) for the leg, 0.23 +/- 0.1 for the hand, and 0.29 +/- 0.1 for the forearm. This gives an in vivo absorption rate of 0.03 microgram/cm2 for the 24-h exposure. Paraquat can be absorbed in vivo through the skin of humans; however, it is considered a minimally absorbed chemical. PMID- 6520887 TI - Assessment of the delayed neurotoxic potential of isopropyl triphenylphosphate using a nontraditional testing strategy. AB - The potential of isopropyl triphenyl phosphate (ITP) to produce delayed neurotoxicity in hens was examined using several techniques. ITP contained O,O,O triphenyl phosphate (24%), O-o-isopropylphenyl O,O-diphenyl phosphate (25%), O,O diisopropyl-phenyl O-phenyl phosphate (20%), O-o, p-diisopropylphenyl O,O diphenyl phosphate (18%) and O-p-isopropylphenyl O,O-diphenyl phosphate (6%). Hens treated twice, 3 wk apart, with doses of ITP as high as 11.7 g/kg showed no clinical signs of delayed neurotoxicity and only mild signs of general toxicity. Furthermore, none showed even subtle neurohistologic changes suggestive of delayed neurotoxicity. ITP produced dose-dependent inhibition of hen plasma cholinesterase and brain neurotoxic esterase (NTE). The study was continued because NTE inhibition has been shown to be a reliable predictor of organophosphates that produce delayed neurotoxicity. ITP was administered prior to tri-o-tolyl phosphate (TOCP) challenge in order to determine if it altered development of TOCP delayed neurotoxicity. ITP neither enhanced nor reduced the onset or severity of neurotoxicity produced by TOCP. The time-course for brain and spinal cord NTE inhibition by ITP and TOCP were compared and found to be different. The maximum brain NTE inhibition produced by ITP (doses up to 11.7 g/kg) was never complete (always less than 90%), and spinal cord NTE inhibition was significantly less than that produced in the brain. In contrast, brain and spinal cord inhibition produced by 500 mg TOCP/kg were equal and greater than 90%. This testing regimen showed that ITP produced an effect on NTE at the biochemical level without producing clinical or neurohistologic abnormalities in treated hens. Furthermore, this biochemical effect was qualitatively different than that produced by the delayed neurotoxicant TOCP. PMID- 6520888 TI - Tolerance to cadmium-induced toxicity depends on presynthesized metallothionein in liver. AB - Tolerance to Cd-induced toxicity following pretreatment with Cd is well documented, yet the exact mechanism of tolerance and role of metallothionein (MT) remains equivocal. In this study it was determined if the rapid induction of MT following injection of a challenge dose of Cd or the concentration of presynthesized MT induced by Cd pretreatment is more important for development of tolerance by ascertaining (1) whether the rates of synthesis of MT differ following injection of the challenge dose of Cd in control and Cd-pretreated rats and (2) if a relationship exists between presynthesized hepatic or renal MT and tolerance to Cd-induced lethality. Rates of hepatic and renal MT synthesis did not differ following injection of a challenge dose of Cd (2.0 mg Cd/kg, iv) in control and Cd-pretreated (2.0 mg Cd/kg, sc) rats. However, the progressive increase in concentration of MT in liver after Cd pretreatment correlated with the increase in tolerance to a lethal dose of Cd (4.0 mg Cd/kg, iv), as evidenced by a decrease in mortality in pretreated rats. A similar correlation was not observed between kidney MT levels and tolerance. Therefore, it appears that presynthesized MT in liver rather than increased synthesis of MT following injection of a second dose of Cd is responsible for Cd-induced tolerance. PMID- 6520889 TI - Human trematode infections. PMID- 6520890 TI - Survey of 259 cases of American cutaneous leishmaniasis in Nicaragua. AB - The clinical aspects of mucocutaneous leishmaniasis in Nicaragua are examined for the first time. Data regarding 259 cases were collected by the authors in two health centres of a central region of the country. On the basis of clinical observations the multiple aetiology (i.e. L. mexicana complex and L. braziliensis complex) of the lesions is suggested. The problem is of increasing importance in Nicaragua because of greater public awareness and new settlements in the endemic area and so it deserves further research. PMID- 6520891 TI - Transferrin in maternal and cord blood: the relationship with birthweight. AB - The relationship between the serum level of maternal transferrin in late pregnancy and the birthweight of the infant was investigated. Mothers with low levels of serum transferrin may give birth to low-birthweight babies, but this was not a general phenomenon. In very-low-birthweight infants, the birthweight correlated with the level of maternal transferrin. It is concluded that the maternal serum transferrin level does not reflect the maturity of the fetus or the birthweight of term neonates. PMID- 6520892 TI - Nutritional assessment at village-level. PMID- 6520893 TI - Birthweights in a rural Solomon Island population. PMID- 6520894 TI - Malaria in urban and rural areas of southern Ghana: a survey of parasitaemia and of anti-malarial practice. PMID- 6520895 TI - A simple work-sampling system for use in hospitals and health centres in the developing world. PMID- 6520896 TI - Nutritional status of children with pyogenic meningitis. PMID- 6520897 TI - Pathology of superficial lymph node in children and young adults in Enugu, Nigeria. PMID- 6520898 TI - Community response to primary health care: Obadan project in Bendel State of Nigeria. PMID- 6520899 TI - Current concepts of antimicrobial therapy--5. PMID- 6520900 TI - The Bulacan nutrition and health study: a summary report of a longitudinal study in infants. PMID- 6520901 TI - Prevalence of residual paralysis from paralytic poliomyelitis in some urban and semi-rural areas of the Sudan, November 1982. PMID- 6520902 TI - 'Foot length'--a newer approach in neonatal anthropometry. PMID- 6520903 TI - [Physiological basis of trigeminal pain]. PMID- 6520904 TI - [The effects of naloxone reversal on enflurane-N2O-O2 anesthesia]. PMID- 6520905 TI - [Changes in P50 values during anesthesia]. PMID- 6520906 TI - [A comparative study of the effect of halothane, enflurane and isoflurane on the ischemic rat heart using a working heart preparation]. PMID- 6520907 TI - [Effects of acebutolol on the normal and ischemic heart]. PMID- 6520908 TI - [The effect of moderate-dose fentanyl-N2O anesthesia on urinary catecholamine excretion during upper-abdominal surgery]. PMID- 6520909 TI - [The simultaneous determination of plasma concentrations of norepinephrine, epinephrine and dopamine by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry]. PMID- 6520910 TI - [Skin flora and epidural infection]. PMID- 6520911 TI - [Intra-operative EEG monitoring; the performance of the NEUROTRAC]. PMID- 6520912 TI - [Hypotension after intercostal nerve block during thoracic surgery]. PMID- 6520913 TI - [Intraoperative use of L-lactated Ringer's solution]. PMID- 6520914 TI - [Fentanyl anesthesia for the removal of pheochromocytoma]. PMID- 6520915 TI - [General anesthesia for brain abscess drainage in a patient with pulmonary arteriovenous fistula]. PMID- 6520916 TI - [Anesthetic management of a patient with multiple tumors of the larynx and bronchus]. PMID- 6520917 TI - [diabetic types and surgery]. PMID- 6520918 TI - [Antiarrhythmic effects of stellate ganglion block]. PMID- 6520919 TI - [Interaction between diltiazem and halothane upon canine cardiovascular hemodynamics]. PMID- 6520920 TI - [Effects of enflurane and halothane anesthesia on hepatic circulation and hepatic metabolism]. PMID- 6520921 TI - [Study of anaphylactic shock in the dog--changes in pulmonary circulation and organic blood flow]. PMID- 6520922 TI - [Development of lung edema following endotracheal instillation of hydrochloric acid (aspiration pneumonitis model)]. PMID- 6520923 TI - [An investigation on availability of pulmonary oxygenation index in pathologic lung by computer simulation]. PMID- 6520924 TI - [Pathological findings in a patient after long-term epidural administration of morphine]. PMID- 6520925 TI - [Endocrine function following epidural morphine in man. VI. Effects on glucose metabolism]. PMID- 6520926 TI - [The anti-bacterial effect of the povidone-iodine gel for continuous epidural block]. PMID- 6520927 TI - [Analgesic effect of nitrous oxide]. PMID- 6520928 TI - [Anesthetic management of revascularization in aortitis syndrome]. PMID- 6520929 TI - [Hyperpotassemia and cardiac insufficiency during clamping of the hepatic artery and portal vein]. PMID- 6520930 TI - [Anesthetic management for neurosurgery in premature infant--report of 6 cases]. PMID- 6520931 TI - [Horner's syndrome following lumber epidural block]. PMID- 6520932 TI - [The thirty-first general meeting of Japan Society of Anesthesiology. Fukuoka, April 5, 6, 7, 1984]. PMID- 6520933 TI - [Inhibitory effect of human C-reactive protein (CRP) on the antibody response in mice to pneumococcal C-polysaccharide]. PMID- 6520934 TI - [Personal computers in bacteriology]. PMID- 6520935 TI - [Pyrimidine metabolism in human hematodyscrasial cells: studies of intermediates in pyrimidine de novo pathway]. PMID- 6520936 TI - [FAB classification, response to therapy, and survival in adult patients with acute leukemia (report II)]. PMID- 6520937 TI - [Low-dose cytosine arabinoside (Ara-C) continuous infusion regimen for atypical nonlymphocytic leukemia--clinical study of the remission mechanism by serial chromosomal findings, colony formation and plasma Ara-C concentration]. PMID- 6520938 TI - [Prediction of remission in adult acute leukemia--the application of LDH/LCBM Index in a remission predictive model]. PMID- 6520939 TI - [Drug-induced pancytopenia and systemic lupus erythematosus. Immune suppression of hemopoietic progenitor cells in the presence of the patient's peripheral blood cells, acute serum and the drug]. PMID- 6520940 TI - [Essential thrombocythemia associated with sideroblastic anemia in two cases]. PMID- 6520942 TI - [A case of march hemoglobinuria following "kendo" (Japanese fencing) exercise]. PMID- 6520941 TI - [Delayed occurrence of malignant lymphoma in the course of cold agglutinin disease: a case report]. PMID- 6520943 TI - [A case of congenital hemolytic anemia with red cell membrane lipid abnormalities (increased phosphatidyl choline and free cholesterol) associated with enhanced sodium transport]. PMID- 6520944 TI - [A case of diffuse lymphoma with t(14;18)]. PMID- 6520945 TI - [Therapeutic effects of methylprednisolone on disseminated intravascular coagulation]. PMID- 6520946 TI - [Chromosomal analysis of childhood leukemia and lymphoma and its relation to the clinical features]. PMID- 6520947 TI - [A case of monosomy-7 myeloproliferative disorder with marked eosinophilia]. PMID- 6520948 TI - [A case of pure red cell aplasia developing during the course of myelodysplastic syndrome and successfully treated with immunosuppressive agents]. PMID- 6520949 TI - [Three cases of acute leukemia with the development of fungus balls in the lung during remission induction therapy]. PMID- 6520950 TI - [Advances in gastroenterological endoscopy]. PMID- 6520951 TI - [Technics of peroral cholangioscopy and its clinical application]. PMID- 6520952 TI - [Percutaneous transhepatic cholangioscopy: technics and clinical studies]. PMID- 6520953 TI - [Endoscopic cholangiopancreatography]. PMID- 6520954 TI - [Diagnosis of digestive diseases with laser endoscopy]. PMID- 6520955 TI - [Endoscopic retrograde biliary drainage (ERBD)--malignant biliary tract stenosis]. PMID- 6520956 TI - [Endoscopic naso-biliary drainage (ENBD)]. PMID- 6520957 TI - [Comparative evaluation of endoscopic retrograde biliary drainage and percutaneous transhepatic cholangio-drainage]. PMID- 6520958 TI - [Endoscopic sphincterotomy]. PMID- 6520959 TI - [Endoscopic embolization]. PMID- 6520960 TI - [Clinical studies of endoscopic embolization in esophageal varices]. PMID- 6520961 TI - [Comparison with percutaneous transhepatic embolization and endoscopic injection sclerotherapy in esophageal varices]. PMID- 6520962 TI - [Digestive system function tests with endoscopy]. PMID- 6520963 TI - [Advances in endoscopy of the small intestine]. PMID- 6520964 TI - [Current status of macromolecular substance for medical use]. PMID- 6520965 TI - [History of diuretics--from the days of calomel to the present]. PMID- 6520966 TI - [Pharmacological mechanism of modern diuretics. Thiazide and loop diuretics]. PMID- 6520967 TI - [Adverse effect of diuretics: hyperlipidemia]. PMID- 6520968 TI - [Autopsy case of severe chyloperitoneum associated with nephrotic syndrome due to membranous glomerulopathy]. PMID- 6520969 TI - Monoclonal antibody (WI-2) reactive against human transformed and leukemic cells. AB - A monoclonal antibody (WI-2) was produced against HL-60 cells. This antibody was IgM Kappa and reacted with human cell lines derived from fibroblasts and from hemopoetic, lymphoid, and neoplastic tissues. It also reacted with lymphocytes transformed by mitogens. WI-2 lacked reactivity against normal human RBC's, mature granulocytes, and T and B lymphocytes. The target antigen for WI-2 had a molecular weight of 43,000 daltons. Specimens from patients with leukemia were tested with WI-2. The number of immature cells was compared with the number of WI 2 reactive cells in the peripheral blood and bone marrow and subjected to linear regression analysis. There was a highly significant (p less than 0.001) correlation between the two parameters. The antibody may be useful in monitoring the progress of the patients and in detecting early relapse in leukemia. PMID- 6520970 TI - Comparison of clinico-epidemiological features of lung cancer patients with and without a history of smoking. AB - In order to study the characteristics of lung cancer in smokers and nonsmokers, clinico-epidemiological features of 943 lung cancer patients treated in the Aichi Cancer Center Hospital from 1964-77 were analyzed according to their smoking histories. About 70% of both male and female patients who smoked fell in Group I (squamous cell, small cell and large cell carcinomas), while of those who did not smoke, 50% of the male and 36% of the female patients fell in Group I. The mean age of the patients who smoked was about 60 yr and that of the nonsmokers was 55 yr in both men and women. It was estimated that about 70% of the Group I tumors originated from main, segmental or subsegmental bronchi, but half of the Group II tumors (adenocarcinoma) originated from peripheral bronchi in both smokers and nonsmokers. One-third of the tumors were seen in the apical and subapical segments of the upper lobes regardless of the smoking history. There was no difference between the survival rates for the patients with and without a history of smoking. PMID- 6520971 TI - Effects of extended systematic lymphadenectomy for adenocarcinoma of the rectum- significant improvement of survival rate and decrease of local recurrence. AB - The effects of extended systematic lymphadenectomy were evaluated by the rate of survival of the patients and incidence of local failure in 643 patients with single primary adenocarcinoma of the rectum, who were operated on at the National Cancer Center Hospital from 1962 to 1981. Our extended systematic lymphadenectomy consists of high ligation of the inferior mesenteric vessels and meticulous dissection of the abdominopelvic lymphatic system. Potentially curative resection was performed on 495 patients (77%) with seven operative deaths (1.4%). Extended systematic lymphadenectomy was carried out on 74 of 168 patients with Dukes B cancer and 89 of 213 patients with Dukes C cancer. Five-year survival rates for patients with or without systematic extended lymphadenectomy were 83.2% vs 63.7% (P less than 0.05) in Dukes B and 52.5% vs 30.8% (P less than 0.05) in Dukes C classes. The cumulative incidence of local failure at 5 years was decreased from 26.1% to 8.4% (P less than 0.01) and from 44.3% to 24.5% (P less than 0.01) by extended lymphadenectomy in Dukes B and C classes, respectively. Prolongation of operation time (plus 60 min), slight increase in blood loss (plus 150 ml) and no increase in operative mortality (1/161, 0.6%), were observed in the case of extended lymphadenectomy. PMID- 6520972 TI - A clinicopathologic study of carcinoma of the papilla of Vater. AB - With a view to clarify the concept of early carcinoma of the papilla Vateri, we examined the records of 26 patients who were treated at the National Cancer Center Hospital in the past 22 years. The following three factors were considered prognostically important for the identification of carcinomas at early stages: Histologically, 1: cancerous infiltration should not reach the proper muscle layer of the duodenum (d-factor); 2: no infiltration into the pancreas should be observed; 3: no metastasis to lymph nodes should be found. Factor-1 (d-factor) is the most important of these. Therefore early carcinoma of the papilla Vateri should be defined at present as that in which cancerous infiltration is limited to within the sphincter of Oddi. For the early diagnosis of carcinoma of the papilla Vateri, screening should be performed by ultrasonography, and when abnormalities are detected, endoscopic inspection of the duodenum and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography should be performed. Moreover, it is very important to read carefully the radiograms of the areas near the papillary regions of the duodenum in routine upper-digestive tract X-rays. PMID- 6520973 TI - Villous tumor of the stomach associated with adenocarcinomas--a histochemical study of mucosubstances. AB - A case is described in which both a moderately elevated villous adenoma associated with adenocarcinoma at the posterior wall and an independent gastric carcinoma at the anterior wall were present. These two lesions were surrounded by the mucosa of incomplete intestinal metaplasia. Consecutive sections of the villous adenoma associated focally with carcinoma and the independent cancer were stained by the periodic acid-Schiff (PAS), pH 2.5 alcian blue (A1-B1), high iron diamine pH 2.5 alcian blue (HID-AB) and carcinoembryonic antigen peroxidase antiperoxidase (CEA-PAP) methods. Villous adenoma was weakly positive in the PAS stain but negative in A1-B1 and HID stains, showing that it did not produce mucin. On the other hand, the intestinal metaplasia and cancerous lesions were positive in PAS, A1-B1 and HID stains, indicating production of the intestinal type of mucin. The villous adenoma accompanied by malignant changes was positive by the CEA-PAP method. This result shows the biological property of villous adenoma that they can easily change into malignancy. These three lesions in our case are considered to have originated independently from the primordial cells and to have developed the differences in mucin production in the process of cell development. PMID- 6520974 TI - The clinical significance of gastrointestinal decontamination in the occurrence of endogenous infections. AB - No significant difference was seen in the incidence of infections between subjects receiving complete, selective and no decontamination aimed at the intestinal microflora in studies evaluating the preventative potential against endogenous infections in the compromised host maintained under protective isolation. This finding is reported together with a report of Serratia marcescens septicemia in a patient with leukemia who was given antibiotics systemically and kept under protective isolation. The establishment of opportunistic infections in relation to these results is discussed in terms of the biological phenomena of the interaction between the intestinal flora and the host, and between the species comprising the intestinal flora. PMID- 6520975 TI - [Blood glucose monitoring system]. PMID- 6520976 TI - [Monitoring of acute hepatic failure]. PMID- 6520977 TI - [Monitoring system for an abnormal blood coagulation mechanism (DIC)]. PMID- 6520978 TI - [Elucidation of the clinical importance of measuring aminopeptidase activity in the serum. (V)--Study by factor analysis]. PMID- 6520979 TI - [HBV-DNA integration: a technic of laboratory diagnosis]. PMID- 6520980 TI - [Clinical studies on urinary micro protein assay in healthy subjects and diabetic patients]. PMID- 6520981 TI - [Serum lipoprotein abnormalities in patients with aortic aneurysm]. PMID- 6520982 TI - [Comparison of colorimetric, fluorometric and spectrophotometric methods for measuring antithrombin III using synthetic substrates]. PMID- 6520983 TI - [Age-related changes and sex-differences in the clinical reference values- analysis of 19 tests in clinical chemistry]. PMID- 6520984 TI - [The effect of the non specific binding on the linear regression analysis of RIA data]. PMID- 6520985 TI - [Quantitative estimation of components in the media of aortic wall using Imagelyzer system]. PMID- 6520986 TI - [A study on the probabilistic aspect of the R-R intervals in atrial fibrillation]. PMID- 6520987 TI - [Electrical measurement of platelet aggregation using a whole-blood aggregometer]. PMID- 6520988 TI - [A micro and rapid quantitation of branched amino acids, aromatic acids and methionine]. PMID- 6520989 TI - [Morphological diagnosis of acute leukemia and allied disorders]. PMID- 6520990 TI - [Infection in patients with acute leukemia]. PMID- 6520991 TI - [Clinical examination of the superior vena cava syndrome]. PMID- 6520992 TI - [2 cases of pulmonary sequestration--with special reference to the analysis of pulmonary vascular shadows]. PMID- 6520993 TI - [A case of mediastinal pseudotumor due to the dilated porto-caval shunt]. PMID- 6520994 TI - [A case of primary amyloidosis of the lung]. PMID- 6520995 TI - [A case of bronchial atresia]. PMID- 6520996 TI - [Hepatic reticuloendothelial failure: report of 2 cases]. PMID- 6520997 TI - [A case of cystic hemangioma of the spleen in childhood]. PMID- 6520998 TI - [Clinical applications of patient's positioning and immobilization using the rigid urethane foam]. PMID- 6520999 TI - [Occipitalization of the atlas (Wackenheim III), basilar impression, chiari malformation (I) and paracondyloid process]. PMID- 6521000 TI - [Echocardiography: its indications and limitations]. PMID- 6521001 TI - [Sialography (the sixth report). Simultaneous computed tomography and sialography of the salivary glands]. PMID- 6521002 TI - [Re-evaluation of the indication of Ga-67 scintigraphy]. PMID- 6521003 TI - [Second malignancies in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma]. PMID- 6521005 TI - [A case of arterio-portal vein fistula with portal systemic encephalopathy]. PMID- 6521004 TI - [Autopsy findings of malignant neoplasms treated with radiation]. PMID- 6521006 TI - [RI venography of membranous obliteration of the inferior vena cava in the hepatic portion]. PMID- 6521007 TI - [A case of Leriche syndrome, preoperatively diagnosed by computed tomography- juxtrarenal aortic occlusion type]. PMID- 6521008 TI - [Report of a case of giant renal artery aneurysm treated by transcatheter nephrectomy]. PMID- 6521009 TI - [Application of computed radiography to ERCP]. PMID- 6521010 TI - [Giant cystic meconium peritonitis]. PMID- 6521012 TI - [Examples of successful radiotherapy]. PMID- 6521011 TI - [Absent kidney sign in the bone scintigraphy]. PMID- 6521013 TI - [Immunological study of Behcet's disease]. PMID- 6521014 TI - [Effect of retinoid (Ro-10-9359) on leukocytes migration in patients with psoriasis]. PMID- 6521015 TI - [Myrmecia with characteristic cytoplasmic inclusion bodies]. PMID- 6521016 TI - [Histochemical studies of lectin binding pattern in human skin, I. Lectin binding pattern in normal human skin]. PMID- 6521017 TI - [Trial designing of special electrodes for the in vivo measurement of the hydration state of stratum corneum of dry skin lesions]. PMID- 6521018 TI - [Assessment of the function of skin surface lipids influencing the water content of the stratum corneum]. PMID- 6521019 TI - [Glycosaminoglycans of the blister fluid in epidermolysis bullosa dystrophica]. PMID- 6521020 TI - [Subungual melanoma: clinicopathologic studies of 16 cases]. PMID- 6521021 TI - [Immunohistological detection of monoclonal antibodies to histocompatibility antigens in melanoma cells and nevus cells]. PMID- 6521022 TI - [The 83rd annual meeting of the Japanese Dermatological Association. Sapporo, Japan, 6-8 June 1984. Abstracts]. PMID- 6521023 TI - Induction of macrophage growth by heat-stable factor in tumorous ascitic fluid. AB - Peritoneal macrophages from mice synthesized DNA and proliferated in vitro in the presence of cell-free tumorous ascites. The growth stimulating activity of ascitic fluid was stable on heat treatment (100 degrees C, 30 min). In contrast, the macrophage growth stimulating activity of L cell-conditioned medium was inactivated by heat treatment. The growth factor(s) in heat-treated ascitic fluid was stable at pH 2 and 10, and on treatment with 2-mercaptoethanol or urea. Treatments, with enzymes such as trypsin, pronase, phospholipase and neuraminidase, and with sodium periodate oxidation partially inactivated the macrophage growth stimulating activity of the heat-stable factor(s). The adherent cultured cells that proliferated in heat-treated ascitic fluid were macrophages, as indicated by their nonspecific esterase staining, pinocytosis and phagocytosis. These macrophages showed cytolytic activity against a murine tumor in the presence of wheat germ agglutinin, but not antitumor antibody. These results indicate that tumorous ascitis fluid contains a heat-stable macrophage growth factor(s) distinct from the colony stimulating factor and that the proliferated macrophages killed tumor cells in cooperation with a lectin. PMID- 6521024 TI - [Measurement of the functional unstirred water layer thickness in human jejunal mucosa, using the curve of potential difference change]. PMID- 6521025 TI - [The effects of sex hormones on K-cell in antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity reactions]. PMID- 6521026 TI - [Effect of ethanol on in vivo hepatic tissue oxygenation and hepatic hemodynamics in rats treated chronically with carbon tetrachloride]. PMID- 6521027 TI - [Cell kinetics in the pancreatic ductal dysplasia. 3H-thymidine autoradiography study during pancreatic carcinogenesis in syrian golden hamsters by N-nitrosobis (2-hydroxypropyl) amine]. PMID- 6521028 TI - [Histogenesis and implications of the pancreatic pseudoductules in experimental pancreatic carcinogenesis of hamster induced by N-nitrosobis (2-hydroxypropyl) amine]. PMID- 6521029 TI - [A case of pernicious anemia complicated with multiple gastric carcinoids]. PMID- 6521030 TI - [A case of celiac axis compression syndrome]. PMID- 6521031 TI - [Therapeutic effect of ursodeoxycholic acid on sulpyrine-induced intrahepatic cholestasis. A case report]. PMID- 6521032 TI - [A case of splenic artery aneurysm with huge splenomegaly]. PMID- 6521034 TI - [An analysis of medical certificate data regarding absenteeism due to injuries and sickness]. PMID- 6521033 TI - [Intensifying effect of repeated pretreatment for delayed neurotoxicity from organophosphorus insecticide cyanofenphos in hens]. PMID- 6521035 TI - [Quantitative determination of a mothproofing agent, 4,6-dichloro-7-(2,4,5 trichlorophenoxy)-2-trifluoromethylbenz imidazole (DTTB) in wool fabrics by high performance liquid chromatography]. PMID- 6521036 TI - Individual differences in the responses to repeated bell sound bursts of heart rate and plethysmogram from the index finger. PMID- 6521037 TI - Effect of pentachlorophenol on hepatic glycogen metabolism in rats. PMID- 6521038 TI - [Estimation of cancer prevalence rates of selected sites in Japan, using the National Patient Survey data]. PMID- 6521039 TI - [Effect of dietary lipids and vitamin E on lipid peroxidation in rats exposed to ozone]. PMID- 6521040 TI - On the chemical oxygen demand of aliphatic amines using potassium permanganate. PMID- 6521041 TI - [Dynamics of the anionic surfactants in the river and creek water of Saga City]. PMID- 6521042 TI - [Respiratory failure in elderly patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease]. PMID- 6521043 TI - [Respiratory failure in the elderly (fibrosing lung disease)]. PMID- 6521044 TI - [Respiratory failure in pneumonia of aged patients]. PMID- 6521045 TI - [Force-velocity relationship in normal and chronic obstructive subjects]. PMID- 6521046 TI - [Respiratory insufficiency in elderly persons--disturbance in pulmonary circulation]. PMID- 6521047 TI - [Efficacy of endoscopic treatment for gastro- and/or duodenal lesions in the elderly]. PMID- 6521048 TI - [Absorptive capacity of the aged]. PMID- 6521049 TI - [Study on the liver function test of the aged]. PMID- 6521050 TI - [Diverticular disease of the colon in the aged]. PMID- 6521051 TI - [Altered bowel habits and aging]. PMID- 6521052 TI - [Clinicopathological study of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas--age group study]. PMID- 6521053 TI - [A study on the psychological features of depression and neurosis in the old age]. PMID- 6521054 TI - [Influences of daily physical labor on left ventricular dimensions in normotensive subjects]. PMID- 6521055 TI - [relationship of brain atrophy to CT and aging to intelligence level; a chronological study through multivariate analysis]. PMID- 6521056 TI - [Subacute toxicity of an amine-curing agent for epoxy resin]. AB - Amine-curing agent for epoxy resin, bis(4-amino-3-methylcyclohexyl)methane, has been suspected of inducing toxic symptoms in man which resemble collagen disease such as scleroderma or polymyositis. We studied subacute toxicity of this agent by repeated oral administrations to rats. The agent was administered 25, 37.5, 50, 75 or 100 mg/kg per one dose, 8 times in 10 days or 17 times in 4 weeks or 20 22 times in 4 weeks. When administration had been completed, clinical biochemical tests and histopathological examinations were carried out. Animals of high dosage group showed suppression of body weight increase and loss of muscular strength of limbs in the administration period. By clinical biochemical tests, elevation of blood components from muscle (CPK, GOT, creatine) was noticed. Also, increase of monoamine oxidase and decrease of alkaline phosphatase were revealed. By histological examinations, skeletal muscle and choroid plexus of brain showed noticeable changes. In muscles of high dosage group, atrophy, degeneration and regeneration of muscle fibers were observed and an increase of fibroblasts was also seen. In choroid plexus, vacuolar changes in epithelial cells were observed, being clearly dose-dependent. No particular change was recognized in skin. Though scleroderma-like change was not observed in the skin histologically, our results suggest that this amine-curing agent was greatly associated with muscle symptoms in the workers who handled epoxy resin and that it was one of causative agents which induced toxic symptoms like those of collagen disease. PMID- 6521057 TI - [Adjustment of urinary delta-aminolevulinic acid concentrations in workers exposed to lead and heat. Adjustments of specific gravity to 1.020 and urinary volume coefficients]. AB - Adjustments of urinary ALA concentrations as to urinary specific gravity and creatinine were examined for workers exposed to lead and heat. Judging from our findings, we suggested that it was preferable to adopt the specific gravity (UG) at 1.020 as the adjustment value to obtain the correct urinary ALA concentration. Though corrected values thus obtained were found adequate for urine in the normal range of specific gravity, they failed to be adequate for concentrated urine samples higher than UG 1.025. Urinary volume adjustment was found to be necessary for these concentrated urine in stead of urinary specific gravity adjustment. For the practical purposes, we postulated urinary volume coefficients, which were estimated to be 0.5 for samples ranging from UG 1.026 to 1.030, 0.4 for samples from UG 1.031 to 1.035 and 0.3 for samples from UG 1.036 to 1.040, respectively. PMID- 6521058 TI - [Effects of beryllium chloride on cultured cells]. AB - The effects of beryllium on cultured cells were investigated. Three cell-lines (HeLa-S3, Vero, HEL-R66) were used in these experiments and they were cultured in Eagle's MEM plus 5 or 10% FBS (Fetal Bovine Serum) containing beryllium in various concentrations. HeLa cells or Vero cells were able to grow in the medium with 10 micrograms Be/ml (1.1 mM). On the other hand, the growth of HEL cells were strongly inhibited, even when cultured in the medium with 1 microgram Be/ml (1.1 X 10(-1) mM) and the number of living cells showed markedly low level as compared to that of the control samples cultured in the medium without beryllium. The cytotoxic effects of beryllium on these cells, which were cultured for three days in the medium with beryllium, were observed. None of cytotoxic effects were found on HeLa cells cultured with 0.5 micrograms/ml (5.5 X 10(-2) mM) and on Vero cells cultured with 0.05 micrograms Be/ml (5.5 X 10(-3) mM), while HEL cells received cytotoxic effects even when cultured in the medium containing 0.05 micrograms Be/ml (5.5 X 10(-3) mM), and these effects on the cells appeared strong when cultured in the medium without FBS. It was revealed from these experiments that HEL cells are very sensitive in terms of toxic effects of beryllium. Therefore, there cells can be used for the toxicological study on low level concentrations of the metal. PMID- 6521059 TI - [Analyses of the noise from and the exposure time to a chain saw and a bush cleaner in two veteran workers]. PMID- 6521060 TI - [An ECG forward solution by the boundary element method]. PMID- 6521061 TI - [Nonperiodic medical examination scheduling and its application to stomach cancer screening]. PMID- 6521062 TI - [Time evolution of temperature profiles in the abdominal cross section during hyperthermia treatment for deep-situated tumors: investigation of the effect of surrounding coolant]. PMID- 6521063 TI - [Recent trends in ME industry in China]. PMID- 6521064 TI - [Three dimensional model structure of the heart ventricle and abdomen for retrogressive-problem solving in ECG]. PMID- 6521065 TI - [Development of portable insulin infusion systems. IX. Biocompatibility of a needle-type micro-sensor for glucose determination]. PMID- 6521066 TI - [Hollow fiber monitoring system for blood gas and pH determination during extracorporeal circulation]. PMID- 6521067 TI - [Magnetic resonance computer tomographic apparatus]. PMID- 6521068 TI - [Studies on the agglutinability of erythrocytes. I. Relationship between ATP content and agglutinability]. PMID- 6521069 TI - [Quantification of phencyclidine in blood by mass fragmentography]. PMID- 6521070 TI - [A study on tooth marks--on the reproducibility and identification of tooth marks by means of a three-dimensional measuring instrument]. PMID- 6521071 TI - [Black larder beetles (Dermestes ater Degeer) and their pupal shells in a mummy with reference to the postmortem interval]. PMID- 6521072 TI - Blocking effects of blended paeoniflorin or its related compounds with glycyrrhizin on neuromuscular junctions in frog and mouse. AB - The combined effects of paeoniflorin (PF), a main component of paeony roots, and glycyrrhizin (GLR), a main component of licorice roots, were investigated on isolated sciatic nerve-sartorius muscle preparations in frogs, or on isolated or in situ phrenic nerve-diaphragm muscle preparations in mice, intending to explain the effects of "Shakuyaku-Kanzo-To, composed of both these Chinese drugs, on clinical neuropathy. PF and GLR used together blocked indirectly stimulated twitchings at concentrations which when used alone induced no blocking effects. PF and GLR at a combining ratio of 1:2 (weight concentrations) corresponding to the amounts contained in "Shakuyaku-Kanzo-To, was more potent than when they were used at the ratio of 1:1 or 2:1. The synergistic effects induced by GLR were also confirmed for the other components, paeoniflorigenone or oxypaeoniflorin, which are contained in paeony roots, and for succinylcholine. The blocking effect of d tubocurarine were not increased by GLR. Concludedly, PF and GLR were found to cause the pharmacological blend effect. The two combined compounds were mainly therapeutic components in "Shakuyaku-Kanzo-To". PMID- 6521073 TI - Inhibition of thromboxane A2-induced vasocontraction by KF4939, a new anti platelet agent, in rabbit mesenteric and dog coronary arteries. AB - The effect of a new anti-platelet agent, KF4939, on thromboxane A2 (TXA2)-induced vasocontraction was studied in superfused rabbit mesenteric and dog coronary arteries, in comparison with the effects on the contractions evoked by KCl, noradrenaline, serotonin, angiotensin II and histamine. The calcium sources involved in the TXA2-induced vasocontraction were also examined. The TXA2-induced contraction of the rabbit mesenteric artery was partly attenuated after exposure to the calcium-free medium, but was not attenuated by nifedipine. The TXA2 induced contraction of the dog coronary artery was markedly attenuated by nifedipine. These results indicate that TXA2 utilizes both intracellularly stored calcium and an extracellular source of calcium for its vasocontraction, and the voltage-dependent calcium channel plays an important role in the dog coronary artery, but in the rabbit mesenteric artery. KF4939 inhibited the TXA2-induced contraction in both arteries. In the rabbit mesenteric artery, three times and more higher concentration than that to inhibit TXA2-induced one were required to inhibit other agonist induced contractions, KF4939 caused no alteration in the KCl-induced contraction of both arteries. Thus, KF4939 seems to be a selective inhibitor of TXA2-induced vasocontraction, and the receptor-linked mechanism may be a possible site of the TXA2 antagonistic action of KF4939. PMID- 6521074 TI - Inhibitory effect of idebenone (CV-2619), a novel compound, on vascular lesions in hypertensive rats. AB - The effects of a novel compound, 6-(10-hydroxydecyl)-2,3-dimethoxy-5-methyl-1,4 benzoquinone (idebenone, CV-2619), on cerebral and renal vascular changes were examined in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP) and in rats with experimentally induced hypertension. CV-2619 (35 mg/kg/day, p.o.) significantly inhibited the onset of cerebrovascular lesions (stroke) and the elevation of blood pressure in SHRSP with mild hypertension. A higher dose (2 X 50 mg/kg/day, p.o.) clearly delayed the onset of both stroke and proteinuria without any effect on the blood pressure in SHRSP with severe hypertension. In DOCA-salt hypertensive rats, CV-2619 (2 X 5 or 2 X 25 mg/kg/day, p.o.) dose-dependently inhibited decreases in body weight and water balance and the development of cerebral and renal vascular changes. These results suggest that CV-2619 inhibits the development of stroke and renal vascular lesions in hypertensive rats. PMID- 6521075 TI - Hypotensive and uric acid-retaining effects of trichlormethiazide under dietary sodium restriction in spontaneously hypertensive rats. AB - In order to evaluate both the hypotensive and uric acid-retaining effects of thiazide diuretics in an animal model with hypertension, the effects of trichlormethiazide were studied using spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) under dietary sodium restriction. Trichlormethiazide was dosed daily for two weeks at 0.05, 0.5, 3 and 10 mg/kg, p.o. All doses caused obvious natriuresis, while an increase of urine volume was observed only at 3 and 10 mg/kg. The hypotensive effect, which was estimated at day 6 and 13, was recognized at doses of more than 0.5 mg/kg. At the end of the dosing, the hematocrit value of all medicated groups rose, and both the uric acid excretory capacity, estimated by the clearance values of inulin and uric acid, and the plasma potassium level clearly decreased at 3 and 10 mg/kg. A detailed study using a dose of 3 mg/kg showed shifts of the cumulative sodium and potassium balances to negative directions against the control group. Thus, trichlormethiazide-treated SHR under dietary sodium restriction showed both a hypotensive effect which might be due to the natriuresis and a tendency toward undesirable side effects such as hypokalemia and hyperuricemia. As there is no practical method in animal studies for simultaneously proving hypotensive and uric acid-retaining effects of diuretic antihypertensives, the findings of the present study might aid in the evaluation of diuretics more useful than the thiazides. PMID- 6521076 TI - Localized effects of naloxone on local cerebral glucose utilization in rat cerebral nuclei with Met-enkephalinergic neurons. AB - The alterations of local glucose utilization in 101 cerebral nuclei following the subcutaneous administration of the specific opioid antagonist naloxone were measured using the quantitative autoradiographic 14C-deoxy-D-glucose technique in conscious rats. Met5-enkephalin-like immunoreactivity (MELI) and ME receptor binding (MERB) levels in 82 cerebral nuclei were assayed quantitatively by microdensitometry of fluorescence micrographs and autoradiographs of the brain slices. Naloxone administration significantly reduced glucose utilization rate in 18 lower brainstem nuclei including the n. tractus solitarii, n. dorsalis nervi vagi, substantia grisea centralis, n. parabrachialis dorsalis and ventralis, and n. interpeduncularis. These nuclei contained ME perikarya with high levels of MELI and MERB. However, naloxone did not alter glucose utilization of other lower brainstem nuclei containing ME neurons and all thalamic, epithalamic, hypothalamic and limbic nuclei with ME perikarya. The distribution and magnitude of the neuronal response of cerebral nuclei to naloxone were apparently not related to the distributions of ME neurons. The present study offers direct evidence for the selective action of naloxone per se in some lower brainstem nuclei with ME perikarya. PMID- 6521078 TI - Suppression of lysophosphatidylcholine-induced abnormal automaticity by verapamil in canine Purkinje fibers. AB - Effects of verapamil on electrophysiological alterations induced by lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC), a toxic membrane-derived phospholipid potentially responsible for ischemia-induced arrhythmias, were evaluated in canine Purkinje fibers. LPC (10-160 microM) induced concentration-dependent decreases in resting membrane potential, action potential amplitude and maximum upstroke velocity of phase O. The depolarization was not associated with the reduction of the potassium equilibrium potential, which was calculated from the intracellular potassium ion activities measured by ion-selective electrodes. A graded increase in LPC concentration invariably induced abnormal automaticity arising from depolarized membrane potentials. Although verapamil did not prevent LPC-induced changes in action potential characteristics, it suppressed the appearance of rapid spontaneous activity at reduced membrane potential. These results suggest that verapamil may modify the dysrhythmias induced by LPC in ischemic myocardium. PMID- 6521077 TI - Effects of idebenone (CV-2619) on the concentrations of acetylcholine and choline in various brain regions of rats with cerebral ischemia. AB - The concentrations of acetylcholine (Ach) and choline in various brain regions of rats with and without cerebral ischemia and the effects of 6-(10-hydroxy-decyl) 2,3-dimethoxy-5-methyl-1,4-benzoquinone (idebenone, CV-2619) on the levels of these parameters were investigated. Cerebral ischemia was induced by a 200-sec occlusion of both common carotid arteries in animals in which both vertebral arteries had been permanently cauterized. The concentrations of Ach and choline in the brain were determined by means of pyrolysis gas chromatography. In normal rats, CV-2619 (10, 30 and 100 mg/kg, i.p.) did not alter the concentrations of Ach and choline in the brain regions examined. In the ischemic rats, a significant decrease in Ach and a marked increase in choline were observed in the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, striatum, and diencephalon. A slight increase in the concentration of choline was also observed in the cerebellum and brain stem. Pretreatment with CV-2619 (10 mg/kg, i.p.) inhibited the decrease in Ach and the increase in choline in the forebrain regions. Moreover, the same dose of CV-2619 inhibited the increment of lactate content and tended to inhibit the decrement of ATP content in the cerebral cortex. These results indicate that CV-2619 inhibits alterations of the concentrations of Ach and choline in the brain of the ischemic rats; this inhibition may be due to the ameliorating effect of CV-2619 on the disturbance of cerebral energy metabolism under ischemic conditions. PMID- 6521079 TI - Study on the contraction and oxygen consumption induced by high K, Na-deficient solution in the urinary bladder and gall bladder of guinea-pig. AB - In urinary bladder and gall bladder of guinea-pig, the application of hyperosmotic 65.4 mM K solution induced a tonic contraction and increased the rate of oxygen consumption two or three times. The increased O2 consumption maintained steady level during 120 min. In isosmotic 154 mM K, Na-deficient solution, the tonic contraction gradually decreased and oxygen consumption also showed a transient increase followed by a small one. In the urinary bladder, the addition of pyruvic acid completely prevented the decline of the tonic contraction by iso-154K solution at 120 min, but this addition partially prevented it in the gall bladder. Hyperosmotic application of sucrose partially prevented it in the urinary bladder, but completely recovered it in the gall bladder. When NaCl was applied to iso-154K solution, the decrease of tonic contraction was prevented by half in both the muscles. The application of pyruvic acid and NaCl prevented the reduction of oxygen consumption by iso-154K solution in the urinary bladder, but in the gall bladder, this had little effect. There was a close correlation (r = 0.950) between the muscle tension and the rate of oxygen consumption in the urinary bladder at 120 min under various conditions. In the gall bladder, a correlation (r = 0.875) was also found between both when the results by hyperosmotic addition of NaCl and sucrose were omitted. In the urinary bladder, tension cost, a ratio of O2 consumption rate (mumol O2/g/min) to developed tension (kg force/cm2), was large (0.206) and similar to that of taenia coli; and that of gall bladder was small (0.130) and almost similar to that of vascular smooth muscle.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6521081 TI - Proceedings: 57th general meeting, Japanese Pharmacological Society. March 23-26, 1984, Kyoto, Japan. Abstracts. PMID- 6521080 TI - Effects of yohimbine on endogenous noradrenaline release from hypothalamus and brainstem slices of spontaneously hypertensive rats. PMID- 6521082 TI - [A study of attributes of psychotherapists through the therapeutic process: evaluations of the meaningful actions of clients]. AB - This study sought to clarify the therapeutic process through the evaluation of clients' meaningful action and to investigate possible relationships between the attributes of therapists and the therapeutic process. Two hundred and one therapists participated in the study by answering an inventory which evaluated the meaningful actions of clients. This inventory consisted of 47 items of therapeutic situations which were judged using a six-point scale. Factor-analysis resulted in seven factors: 1) resistance and inner conflict, 2) stable and reliable relationship, 3) autonomy, 4) disclosure, 5) activeness, 6) relaxation, 7) tension. The possible relationships were investigated between the therapists' attributes (such as his vocational standpoint, age, sex, clinical experience, therapeutic approach and the client's type of disorder and age) and each of these factors. Using the results of the inventory, 22 therapists were requested to arrange these seven factors. Using the results of the inventory, 22 therapists were requested to arrange these seven factors in which reflects the process of their psychotherapy. The usual order was (7)-(1)-(2)-(4)-(6)-(5)-(3). The importance which the therapists gave to each specific stage of the therapeutic process with a client was found to be related to the therapist's attributes. PMID- 6521083 TI - [Development of transformation ability of coordinate systems in spatial representation]. AB - In this paper, we regard the coordination of spatial perspectives as the transformation-operations of coordinate system between the child's own viewpoint and the other's one. In order to clarify the developmental feature of transformation-patterns, the 6-10 years children were tested in Experiment I under three conditions: Perspective, plotting, and movement. In Experiment II, the consistency of transformation-patterns was examined. Main results were as follows: (1) Under the perspective condition, most of six years-children did not make any egocentric errors. (2) Some consistent transformation-patterns were identified in children's error's. (3) Both identification of the origin and right understanding of the transformation rules were recognized as essential bases for the coordination of perspectives. PMID- 6521084 TI - [Stroboscopic rotation in depth and form properties, orientation of stimulus and the position of fixation]. AB - Stroboscopic motion between two triangles in a symmetrical relation was studied in terms of probability of seeing rotation in depth as affected by configurational properties of the triangles, the axis of symmetry and the position of a viewing point. Symmetry was found to be primarily important for seeing the rotation. Corresponding line-elements of the triangles paralleling side by side near to the axis were particularly effective. Neither the orientation of the axis (vertical, horizontal of diagonal) nor the position of a viewing point (on or out of the axis) were effective. PMID- 6521085 TI - [Dynamic characteristics of compensatory tracking behavior in adults with cerebral palsy]. AB - Dynamic characteristics of motor control system of adults with cerebral palsy was examined by a compensatory tracking task with step wave, sine wave and random wave targets. The velocity of responses to step wave targets by the cerebral palsy subjects was lower than that by the normal subjects. In terms of the closed loop transfer functions in responses to sine wave targets compared with those to random wave targets, it was revealed that the normal subjects could switch their feedback tracking behavior to precognitive control behavior in order to reduce their tracking phase lag which was greater with random wave targets than with sine wave targets, while the cerebral palsy subjects could not do so. These results suggest that the cerebral palsy subjects have difficulty in generating precognitive control behavior to match sine wave targets. PMID- 6521086 TI - [A study on pulmonary gas exchange during muscular exercise by patients with idiopathic interstitial pneumonia]. PMID- 6521087 TI - [A study of pulmonary function of idiopathic interstitial pneumonia--pulmonary diffusing capacity and small airway dynamics]. PMID- 6521088 TI - [Immunosuppressive acidic protein (IAP) levels in sarcoidosis]. PMID- 6521089 TI - [Studies on lung defenses: effects of various inhalants on the function of alveolar macrophages]. PMID- 6521090 TI - [Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for IgG antibodies in farmer's lung]. PMID- 6521091 TI - [Comparative pulmonary histopathology of sarcoidosis, chronic beryllium disease and hypersensitivity pneumonitis]. PMID- 6521092 TI - [Studies on classification of clinical features in idiopathic interstitial pneumonia by cluster analysis]. PMID- 6521093 TI - [A case of pulmonary lymphangiomyomatosis diagnosed by TBLB and treated with progesterone and oophorectomy]. PMID- 6521094 TI - [A case of diffuse lung disease associated with lung cancer in a hard metal worker]. PMID- 6521095 TI - [Two cases of psittacosis in one family]. PMID- 6521096 TI - [A case of osteochondroma (cartilagenous exostosis) originating from the fourth rib and simulating posterior mediastinal tumor]. PMID- 6521097 TI - [Surgical treatment of tetralogy of Fallot from the aspect of peripheral pulmonary arteries]. PMID- 6521099 TI - [A surgical case of coronary sinus ASD]. PMID- 6521098 TI - [One-stage bilateral thoracotomy--experience of 5 cases]. PMID- 6521100 TI - [Surgical treatment of ventricular septal defect with pulmonary hypertension]. PMID- 6521101 TI - [Surgical treatment of ventricular septal defect with pulmonary hypertension in the aged]. PMID- 6521102 TI - [Clinical experience of left heart bypass with a centrifugal pump (Bio-Pump)]. PMID- 6521103 TI - [Endoscopical sealing of bronchopleural fistula complicated after pneumonectomy]. PMID- 6521104 TI - [Blood level of vitamins before and after open heart surgery, and the effect of MVI (multi-vitamin solution) on their metabolism]. PMID- 6521105 TI - [Clinical result of bicer val tilting disc valve]. PMID- 6521106 TI - [Prosthetic valve endocarditis and bacteremia]. PMID- 6521107 TI - [Surgical treatment of Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome complicated with ventricular septal defect]. PMID- 6521108 TI - [Chylothorax following open heart surgery for tetralogy of Fallot]. PMID- 6521109 TI - [A Rastelli operation for transposition of great arteries]. PMID- 6521110 TI - [Systemic effects of cardioplegia in infants and small children during cardiopulmonary bypass--development of overdilution and hyperkalemia]. PMID- 6521111 TI - [Reconstructive surgery for congenital mitral stenosis--report of 2 cases of children]. PMID- 6521112 TI - [Urinary bladder temperature monitoring during cardiopulmonary bypass]. PMID- 6521114 TI - [Myocardial atrial sutureless pacing lead (Medtronic 4951)]. PMID- 6521113 TI - [An intraoperative anterograde coronary fiberscopy through the ascending aorta]. PMID- 6521115 TI - [The role of the activated coagulation time (ACT) in open heart surgery- comparison between children and adult patients]. PMID- 6521117 TI - [A case report of ectopic HCG producing squamous cell carcinoma of the thymus]. PMID- 6521116 TI - [Congenital coronary-pulmonary arterial fistula]. PMID- 6521118 TI - [A case report of extralobar pulmonary sequestration]. PMID- 6521119 TI - [A case of surgical treatment for neurilemmoma of the chest wall]. PMID- 6521120 TI - [Case report of successful surgery in ruptured chordae causing severe acute mitral regurgitation and cardiac failure]. PMID- 6521121 TI - [A case report of combined valvular heart disease with false tendon in the left ventricle]. PMID- 6521122 TI - Stimulating and potentiating effects of sodium nitroprusside on the guinea-pig vas deferens and their comparison with the effects on the portal vein and the taenia coli. AB - The effects of sodium nitroprusside on the electrical and mechanical properties of the guinea-pig vas deferens were studied and compared with those on the portal vein and the taenia coli. Sodium nitroprusside at concentrations higher than 0.5 mM caused depolarization of the membrane of the vas deferens and initiated spontaneous contractions, while spontaneous contractions of the portal vein were blocked by similar concentration of the drug. Noradrenaline- and carbachol induced contractions of the vas deferens were markedly potentiated by sodium nitroprusside, whereas the noradrenaline-induced contraction of the portal vein was suppressed by the same concentration of the drug. Increasing the K+ concentration by 15 to 30 mM caused a similar potentiation of the contraction by noradrenaline or carbachol in the vas deferens. When sodium nitroprusside was applied during the course of noradrenaline- or carbachol-induced contracture, contraction was observed in the vas deferens, while relaxation was induced in the portal vein and taenia coli. In either case, however, the addition of Ca caused a relaxation of the preparations. These results suggest that the membrane depolarization may be involved in the stimulating effects sodium nitroprusside in the guinea-pig vas deferens. PMID- 6521123 TI - The effects of sodium nitroprusside on the phasic and tonic contraction of the potassium contracture of the smooth muscle of guinea-pig vas deferens and portal vein. AB - The effects of sodium nitroprusside on potassium-induced phasic and tonic contraction of the guinea pig vas deferens and portal vein were studied. Sodium nitroprusside at concentrations higher than 10(-4) M potentiated the phasic contraction of potassium contracture of the vas deferens, while it showed no or slight depressing effect on the tonic contraction. Sodium nitroprusside at the same concentration depressed both the phasic and tonic contractions of the portal vein. Sodium nitroprusside depolarized the membrane of the vas deferens but did not alter the depolarization by K-Tyrode's solution. Potentiation of the phasic contraction was also observed following the pretreatment with 20 mM K+. When sodium nitroprusside was applied during the course of the tonic contraction, marked relaxation was observed in the portal vein, while only slight relaxation was induced in the vas deferens even by high concentrations of the drug. Residual tension in the presence of sodium nitroprusside was completely abolished by the application of verapamil of the concentration higher than 10(-6) M. Relaxations of preparation by sodium nitroprusside were counteracted by increases in Ca concentration. When sodium nitroprusside was applied in the presence of moderately elevated-K+ (15 to 30 mM), an increase in tension was observed in the vas deferens and a decrease in tension was observed in the portal vein. The differences in the action of sodium nitroprusside on the vas deferens and on the portal vein may be explained by the differences in the action of the drug on cell membrane, especially on the membrane potential. PMID- 6521124 TI - [Dynamics of upper urinary tract during vesico-ureteral reflux]. AB - Two types of experiments were performed in dogs to clarify physiological state during vesico-ureteral reflux (VUR). In the first experiment, VUR was established by performing operations to disturb the VUR protecting mechanism. In the second experiment, a tube was inserted into the uretero-vesical junction to prepare VUR model and using this model VUR was induced experimentally. In these experiments, recordings of ureteral myogram, intravesical pressure and intrapelvic pressure as well as macroscopic observations of the ureter were made and the following results were obtained. Functional failure of the ureteral orifice was the most important factor for the development of VUR. When the ureteral orifice showed functional failure, VUR appeared at a mean intravesical pressure of 20 cmH2O. During VUR developed, ureteral peristalsis occurred frequently, whereas no ureteral contraction was observed macroscopically. Antiperistalsis was not an immediate factor responsible for the induction of VUR. In the presence of VUR, intrapelvic pressure became lower than intravesical pressure. These findings seemed to have properly reflected the physiological states in patient with VUR. PMID- 6521125 TI - [Autonomic nerve innervation of cat pulmonary artery--with special reference to the presence of a non-adrenergic, non-cholinergic inhibitory system]. AB - Electrical field stimulation (EFS), transmural nerve stimulation, was utilized to investigate autonomic nerve innervation of cat pulmonary artery. EFS (duration; 0.8 msec or 1.0 msec, frequency; 20 Hz, voltage; 70 V, for 15 sec) induced small fast constriction followed by large prolonged relaxation on prostaglandin H2 analog-precontracted cat pulmonary arterial strip which was suspended in a 10 ml organ bath. The small fast constriction was blocked or considerably reduced by addition of phenoxybenzamine. The relaxation was partially blocked in some strips by addition of atropine and/or propranolol. Tetrodotoxin or lidocaine not only blocked relaxation which was not blocked by atropine or propranolol, but also farther reduced or completely blocked the relaxation which was partially blocked by atropine and/or propranolol. It is concluded that (1) alpha-adrenergic nerve regulates pulmonary arterial constriction, (2) beta-adrenergic and cholinergic regulations may be present, but their roles may be substantially small and (3) non adrenergic non cholinergic nerve may play major roles in inhibitory regulation of cat pulmonary circulation. PMID- 6521126 TI - [Influence of pH changes of the medium on relaxant actions of papaverine]. AB - Influences of pH change in the medium on actions of papaverine were investigated in the intestinal smooth muscle of guinea pigs and compared with those of verapamil, a Ca2+ entry blocker. Papaverine contracted the ileal longitudinal muscle and inhibited the CaCl2-induced contraction of depolarized taenia coli. When the external pH was varied stepwise within the range of 6.8 to 7.6, both actions were equally facilitated with a lowering of the pH. A good correlation between these facilitated responses and the amount of ionized papaverine molecules was observed. Meanwhile, verapamil also induced the smooth muscle contraction and the inhibition of CaCl2-induced contraction. Although the dual action of verapamil were facilitated with a drop in the pH, the magnitudes of these facilitation were less than those of papaverine. Moreover, verapamil was less effective in inducing the smooth muscle contraction, but more potent in inhibiting the CaCl2-induced contraction, as compared to papaverine. These results indicate the possibility that ionized papaverine may displace bound calcium on the cell membrane of smooth muscle and this displacement may result in transient inward movement of Ca2+, leading to contraction and that subsequent blockade of Ca2+ entry by papaverine may block the contraction. These results also suggest that papaverine and verapamil may cause the dual action through a different mechanism. PMID- 6521127 TI - [Studies on the in vivo pacemaker potentials of the canine renal pelvis]. AB - In vivo pacemaker potentials of canine renal pelvis were able to be recorded by our new method. Potentials recorded at the pelvicalyceal region of canine renal pelvis in vivo had two phasic slow rising wave form that had duration of 0.2 sec, amplitude of 20 microV and discharge interval of about 5 sec. Furthermore, the discharge interval of ureter EMGs was a integral multiple of that of pacemaker potentials. In diuretic state by intravenous administration of furosemide, pacemaker potentials showed no change in wave form and discharge interval. However, ureter EMGs occurred more frequently to correspond to pacemaker potentials one to one. Noradrenaline and isoproterenol had no action on pacemaker potentials. To the contrary, ureter EMGs were increased by noradrenaline and were decreased by isoproterenol. Acetylcholine had a great variety of action on both pacemaker potentials and ureter EMGs. These results suggest that the pelvicalyceal region as thought to be the pacemaker of ureteral peristalsis is controlled under the influence of parasympathetic nerve system and the ureter is controlled under the influence of both sympathetic and parasympathetic nerve systems. PMID- 6521128 TI - [Regulation of the anal canal pressure as revealed by myoelectrical activity of the internal anal sphincter]. AB - Dogs were decerebrated under short-acting anesthesia and the intraluminal pressure within anal canal was continuously recorded through micro-balloon probe, simultaneously with myoelectrical activities of left and right internal anal sphincters. The rate of pressure 'ripples' was identical with that of 'slow spikes' recorded from the internal sphincters. When a transient drop in anal canal pressure was induced by rectal distension, observing the so-called 'recto anal reflex', the 'ripples' in pressure and the 'slow spikes' of sphincters disappeared at once, and then, reappeared simultaneously in manometric and myoelectrical recordings at recovery phase of the reflex. It is concluded, therefore, that the 'slow spikes' of sphincters are directly coupled with mechanical responses of those muscles, and that the sustained contraction of internal sphincters maintains the pressure level and their temporary relaxation causes the pressure fall. The specific features of anal canal activity resulted by sacral denervation were seen on the chronic dogs kept alive over 20 days after nerve sections. The most remarkable ones were: prolonged inhibition of 'slow spikes' in the recto-anal reflex and marked formation of the reflex rebound. These findings indicate that not only inhibitory but also after-facilitatory processes in the reflex are potentiated in chronically denervated dogs. It is suggested that the myenteric neuronal circuit with lumbar sympathetic outflow have been re-organized under the condition of sacral denervation and those re organized circuits are responsible for altered reflex pattern. PMID- 6521129 TI - [An electromyographic study on the canine esophageal motility following transection operations for esophageal varices]. AB - By the method of esophageal varices operation in 25 dogs, esophageal myoelectric activity was compared with EMG. Five groups were used each group having 5 dogs, (1) was the control group, (2) had a transverse incision on the esophageal muscle layer, (3) had a longitudinal incision on the same muscle layer, (4) had vagotomy of the high position, and (5) had vagotomy of the low position. The esophageal myoelectric activity of the dogs was recorded after swallowing by means of chronically implanted electrodes. The following results were obtained: According to the action potential pattern, the longitudinal incision group has better esophageal motor function than the transverse incision group. For the 2nd pair of groups, the low position vagotomy group have better function than the high group. PMID- 6521130 TI - [Infectious mechanism in experimental cystitis of mice. I: Analysis of process of bacterial invasion]. PMID- 6521131 TI - [The diagnosis of impotence. Report 4. Criteria for assessment of nocturnal penile tumescence]. PMID- 6521132 TI - [Detection of androgen receptor in human prostatic carcinomas by the autoradiography]. PMID- 6521133 TI - [Studies on tissue blood-group antigens of superficial bladder cancer]. PMID- 6521134 TI - [Analysis of arteriographic findings of prostatic cancer according to tumor size classification]. PMID- 6521135 TI - [Surgery of ureterocele--therapeutic strategy based on the type of ureteral hiatus]. PMID- 6521136 TI - [Statistical study on tumors of the urinary bladder--clinical and pathological aspects of 228 cases]. PMID- 6521137 TI - [Studies of factors related to formation of mixed uric acid and calcium oxalate stones]. PMID- 6521138 TI - [Hormonal study of male infertility. II. Frequency of androgen insensitivity]. PMID- 6521139 TI - [A case of interstitial cystitis treated successfully with steroid and bladder distension under sacral nerve block]. PMID- 6521140 TI - Developmental EEG of the beagle dog. PMID- 6521141 TI - Estrogen and progesterone receptors and progesterone metabolism in canine mammary tumours. PMID- 6521142 TI - Susceptibility of Haemophilus paragallinarum to bactericidal activity of normal and immune chicken sera. PMID- 6521143 TI - Standardization of bovine E-rosette assay and enumeration of lymphocyte subpopulations. PMID- 6521144 TI - Clearance of the challenge organisms from the upper respiratory tract of chickens injected with an inactivated Haemophilus paragallinarum vaccine. PMID- 6521145 TI - Ferritin, iron and total iron-binding capacity of the serum from Holstein young steers in prolonged undernutrition. PMID- 6521146 TI - Isolation of feline plasma plasminogen. PMID- 6521147 TI - Simple isolation procedure of transferrin in feline plasma. PMID- 6521148 TI - Isolation of feline plasma hemopexin. PMID- 6521149 TI - Concentrations of the secretory immunoglobulin A in intestines of piglets. PMID- 6521150 TI - Increase of permeability in the intestinal mucosa of mice infected with Metagonimus yokogawai. PMID- 6521151 TI - Effect of some immunomodulators on the delayed-type hypersensitivity to nonviable Mycoplasma pulmonis in mice. PMID- 6521152 TI - parathyroid hormone concentrations in maternal and fetal blood and in amniotic fluid from pregnant rats. PMID- 6521153 TI - Serologic typing of Haemophilus paragallinarum based on serum bactericidal reactions. PMID- 6521154 TI - Antibiotic resistance of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae strains isolated from pigs with acute septicemic erysipelas. PMID- 6521155 TI - Spontaneous organic dust pneumoconiosis in guinea pigs. PMID- 6521156 TI - Prevalence of Chlamydia psittaci in imported psittacine birds from 1981 to 1983. PMID- 6521157 TI - Two cases of murine intestinal emphysema. PMID- 6521158 TI - The subendocardial Purkinje fiber of the duck. PMID- 6521159 TI - Spontaneous Tyzzer's disease in nude rats. PMID- 6521160 TI - Virulence-associated plasmids of Yersinia enterocolitica isolated in Japan. PMID- 6521161 TI - Island fasciocutaneous flaps of dorsal trunk and their application to myocutaneous flap. PMID- 6521162 TI - The behavior of platelets in capillary hemorrhage induced by snake venom. PMID- 6521163 TI - Immunobiological function of trophoblast to circulating maternal IgG antibodies; antibodies to major transplantation antigens. PMID- 6521164 TI - Tryptophan and thyroid metabolism in tuberculosis. PMID- 6521165 TI - [Epidemiological studies on the infectivity of chronic tubercle bacilli excreters]. PMID- 6521166 TI - [Factors causing chronic tubercle bacilli excreters]. PMID- 6521167 TI - [Studies on causes of death in chronic tubercle bacilli excreters]. PMID- 6521168 TI - [Studies on selection of drug regimens from the standpoint of total antimycobacterial activity of serum from patients under chemotherapy]. PMID- 6521169 TI - [Surgical treatment for chronic tubercle bacilli excreters]. PMID- 6521170 TI - [Lung function in chronic tubercle bacilli excreters]. PMID- 6521171 TI - [Outline of the survey on patients registered at 1983 Tuberculosis Registry]. PMID- 6521172 TI - [Possibility of the recurrence of thrombosis during intracoronary administration of streptokinase in acute myocardial infarct]. PMID- 6521173 TI - [Special system of electrocardiographic leads for the diagnosis of focal myocardial changes]. PMID- 6521174 TI - [Effect of positive emotions on T-wave amplitude of ECG in sportsmen with myocardial dystrophy caused by chronic physical overstrain]. PMID- 6521175 TI - [Electro- and phonocardiographic diagnosis of aortic coarctation associated with patent ductus arteriosus]. PMID- 6521176 TI - [Modeling the QRS complex of the ECG at 12 standard leads]. PMID- 6521177 TI - [Clinical classification of ischemic heart disease]. PMID- 6521178 TI - [Fibronectin level in coronary sinus blood in myocardial ischemia caused by atrial stimulation]. AB - Patients with coronary heart disease and angina pectoris were examined. The blood outflowing from the myocardium at the height of ischemia induced by atrial stimulation was found to have lower levels of fibronectin. Ten minutes after the stimulation discontinuation the concentration of fibronectin returned to baseline. A reduction in the fibronectin content during myocardial ischemia seems to be related to its consumption as a result of maintaining antithrombotic function. PMID- 6521179 TI - [Transesophageal electric stimulation of the left atrium in the diagnosis of ischemic heart disease]. AB - The clinical picture and the results of bicycle ergometry and selective coronarography were compared with the findings of electrical stimulation of the left atrium in 24 patients. It was demonstrated that transesophagus electric stimulation of the left atrium may serve as a diagnostic method in coronary heart disease. PMID- 6521180 TI - [Indicators of spiroveloergometry and the sympathetic-adrenal system in patients with exertion-induced angina pectoris with different types of circulation]. AB - The response of the cardiorespiratory and sympathoadrenal (SA) systems to exercise in coronary heart disease patients was found to depend on the hemodynamic type of circulation and the initial activity of the SA system. In patients with the hyperkinetic type of the circulation showing a high initial activity of the SA system and the absence of its response to exercise, the authors observed an increased consumption of oxygen both at rest and during mild exercise which indicated that oxygen expenditure in these patients was ineffective, and subsequently led to a reduction in their capacity to do physical work. Patients with the hypokinetic circulation type and an initially low activity of the SA system exhibited a considerable elevation in the activity of the hormonal component of the SA system during exercise. The maximum oxygen consumption during exercise in these patients was significantly lower than in patients with other types of the blood circulation. PMID- 6521181 TI - [Vectorcardiographic mapping in the evaluation of the severity of myocardial infarct]. AB - Using the method of multidipol vector charting, the chronotopography of the potentials of the electric field of the heart in the precordial region was studied in 98 patients with acute myocardial infarction. Qualitative criteria of the severity of the course of myocardial infarction of various localization were obtained by using a phasic analysis of ventricular loops of vector cardiograms. The proposed method of vector cardiographic charting characterizes the functional status of the myocardium and may be used for determining the size of the necrotic zone in clinical and experimental conditions. PMID- 6521182 TI - [ECG T-wave velocity indicators in patients with myocardial infarction]. AB - The ECG is shown to carry important additional information namely the speed with which the difference of the potentials changes in the period of repolarization of the ventricular myocardium which was assessed on the basis of the first derivative of the ECG. The quantitative evaluation of the first derivative of T wave is possible with the help of the following parameters: RMS-ratio of the maximum scalar values of the speed at the terminal and initial segments of T wave; TMA-time over with the maximum acceleration at the initial segment of T wave; RAEV-ratio of the adjacent extreme values at the initial segment of T wave of the first derivative of the ECG; CD -- coefficient of disproportion of the ratio between the maximum and the minimum values of the RMS at various leads in a given individual. The examination of 347 patients showed that the proposed quantitative parameters characterizing T wave of the differential ECG made it possible to differentiate T wave of patients with acute and cicatricial periods of myocardial infarction and angina patients. PMID- 6521183 TI - [Unstable angina pectoris: problems of diagnosis, pathogenesis and therapeutic tactics]. PMID- 6521184 TI - [Use of isoptin in the acute period of myocardial infarction (its effect on hemodynamics and myocardial metabolism)]. AB - To study the hemodynamic and metabolic effects of isoptin, the drug was infused intravenously to 15 patients with acute transmural myocardial infarction at a dosage of 0.13-0.17 mg per kg bw. Along with the parameters of the central hemodynamics and the myocardial contractility of the left ventricle, using extraction coefficients the authors determined some parameters of myocardial metabolism. The drug was well tolerated by the patients, virtually did not affect the parameters of myocardial contractility, decreased the work of the heart at the expense of a significant reduction of the after-load and lowered manifestations of the ischemia of the intact myocardium (the coefficient of lactate extraction by the myocardium was found to elevate). PMID- 6521185 TI - [Comparative effects of obsidan and isoptin on the size of myocardial infarction]. PMID- 6521186 TI - [Characteristics of the echocardiographic changes in patients with myocardial infarction complicated by heart rupture]. AB - Echocardiographic examination was conducted in 40 patients with acute myocardial infarction, in five cases the course of myocardial infarction was complicated by cardiorhexis. The echocardiograms of patients who died of cardiorrhexis showed marked hyperkinesia in the area of the posterior wall of the left ventricle (in 3 of the 4 cases of anterior myocardial infarction). In the control group compensatory hyperkinesia in the area of the posterior wall of the left ventricle was detected only in 21% of the patients. Moreover, the echocardiograms of those patients who died of cardiorrhexis showed dys- and akinesia in the focus of the affection, 80% of these patients exhibited an enlargement of the right ventricle as compared to 40% of the controls. The parameters of the central hemodynamics in the patients with hyperkinesia who died of cardiorrhexis indicated compensation of the cardiac activity although all patients had marked zones of dys- and akinesia. In the control group they were significantly reduced and pointed to impaired myocardial contractility. PMID- 6521187 TI - [Prognostic significance of the state of the blood coagulation system for the development of myocardial infarction and sudden death in patients with ischemic heart disease]. AB - A 7-year follow-up covered 120 patients with coronary heart disease including 60 with angina pectoris and 60 myocardial infarction survivors. The patients were subjected to repeated examinations of the clotting factors and the fibrinolytic activity of the plasma. Account was taken of the cases of the development of primary or secondary myocardial infarction and sudden death. The patients with myocardial infarction (primary and secondary) had elevated levels of fibrinogen and reduced levels of plasma fibrinolytic activity whereas the patients who died suddenly had increased concentrations of fibrinogen. High fibrinogen level in the blood of coronary heart disease patients is considered as a prognostically unfavourable sign. PMID- 6521188 TI - [Thyroid hormone changes (iodothyroninemia) in patients with acute myocardial infarction, and their clinical significance]. AB - The data are reported on the pattern of the T3/T4 ratio in patients with acute myocardial infarction throughout the hospitalization period. Different forms of dysthyreosis were identified related to the period of the disease and its clinical outcome. The first days of the disease were characterized by low levels of T3 and an increase in the content of total T4. Further transformation of the dysthyreosis depended on the outcome of myocardial infarction at the hospitalization stage. In myocardial infarction patients the levels of total T4 elevated in the presence of angina attacks. An increase in the concentration of total T4 was observed several hours before the angina attack. PMID- 6521189 TI - [Immunogenetic characteristics of patients with ischemic heart disease]. AB - The distribution of the principal erythrocyte and HLA-antigens was investigated in 202 males aged 20-50 years with a history of myocardial infarction and various courses of coronary heart disease. The occurrence of one or the other group of antigens differed both as compared with a group of healthy subjects (619 subjects) and in relation to the anamnestic and clinical characteristics of the disease course. The findings helped to draw a conclusion as to the presence of associative links between a number of the studied antigens (A (II), MN, HLA-B7, HLA-B14, HLA-B15, HLA-CW4) and the risk of the development of, at least, some forms of coronary heart disease. PMID- 6521190 TI - [Bile acids in coronary arteriosclerosis]. AB - Seventy-six patients with chronic coronary heart disease of the atherosclerotic genesis were examined using clinical laboratory and instrumental research methods. The blood serum levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, lipoproteins and bile acids were measured throughout the course of treatment. When hyperlipoproteinemias were divided according to phenotypes, type II hyperlipoproteinemia proved to be most commonly occurring (65.8%). The patients exhibited lower blood serum levels of bile acids as compared to control. PMID- 6521191 TI - [Serum cholesterol ester level in patients with ischemic heart disease and liver disease]. AB - The blood serum of coronary and liver patients was shown to display a similar increase in the relative levels of cholesterololeate and a some what less marked elevation in the content of cholesterol esters with saturated fatty acids. The cholesterollinoleate concentration was enhanced in patients with viral hepatitis and decreased in coronary heart disease patients. The differences were especially distinct in changes of the relative content of cholesterolarachidonate and esters of cholesterol with eicosopentaen acid. Cholesterolarachidonate levels showed no changes in CHD whereas they lowered markedly in various diseases of the liver and biliary tracts. The role of changes in the relative content of cholesterol ester fractions in the genesis of atherosclerosis in patients with liver diseases is discussed. PMID- 6521192 TI - [Effect of improvement of pre-hospital medical services on mortality in acute myocardial infarction]. AB - One of the ways to cut down the time interval from the moment a patient with acute myocardial infarction calls for aid until the time of his hospitalization is to increase the number of cardiological teams and also to define in detail the sequence of the appropriate actions of the controller and the emergency aid physician. As a result of the earlier arrival of specialized cardiologic teams at the place of the call, there has been a change in the structure of complications that such teams encounter; for example, cases of clinical death have occurred more frequently in the presence of the team. Subsequently, the number of cases of effective resuscitation rose from 5 in 1979 to 13 in 1982. The gradual reduction over four years of the duration of the prehospital stage in acute myocardial infarction has led to a decrease in both prehospital and hospital mortality. Interestingly, the prehospital mortality rate lowered gradually whereas the hospital mortality reduced significantly during the first year after which its parameters stabilized. PMID- 6521193 TI - [Treatment of heart failure by draining blood from the coronary sinus]. AB - A method of coronary sinus drainage is suggested for the treatment of acute heart failure. This ensures an increase in the arteriovenous gradient of pressure in the coronary system by decreasing the pressure in the coronary sinus which leads to an increase in the orthograde myocardial circulation and systemic pressure as well as to improved cardio-mechanics. PMID- 6521194 TI - [Effect of the antioxidant alpha-tocopherol acetate on organ-specific liver enzyme activity in acute myocardial infarct]. PMID- 6521195 TI - [Ischemic changes in the ECG in arterial hypertension, detected during screening of an organized population]. PMID- 6521196 TI - [Organization of the rehabilitation of patients with myocardial infarction in rural areas]. PMID- 6521197 TI - [Right-ventricular contractility in patients with atrial septal defects]. PMID- 6521198 TI - [Photoangiotensiotonography as a method of studying microcirculation]. PMID- 6521199 TI - [Congenital heart defects associated with transposition of the aorta and pulmonary artery]. PMID- 6521200 TI - [Comparative study of drug and dietary correction of dyslipoproteinemias among the population]. AB - A comparative study of diet and drug correction of dyslipoproteinemias in individuals with stable hypercholesterolemia showed that following a month of diet treatment of groups selected for the therapy with probucol and ascorbic acid there was a clear-cut decrease in the level of plasma cholesterol. The administration of probucol in combination with the diet therapy decreased cholesterol by 33.6%, triglycerides by 32.8% and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC) by 19.7% as compared with the baseline values. Ascorbic acid showed virtually no effect on the lipid spectrum of the blood. Throughout the entire period of treatment, the patients in these groups showed a reduction in the body weight and blood pressure. In the group receiving only drug therapy, probucol use was associated with a statistically significant decrease in both total cholesterol and HDLC, with the HDLC/cholesterol ratio remaining almost unaltered while in the group receiving diet and probucol, the proportion of HDLC with regard to total cholesterol was elevated as against the initial values. The body weight in this group of patients remained actually unaltered. PMID- 6521201 TI - [Incidence of ischemic heart disease and its main risk factors among males aged 35-59 years in Tallin]. AB - In a simultaneous epidemiological examination according to the standard programme of 20% of a random sample of unorganized males aged 35-59 years and living in Tallin (n = 2208), coronary heart disease (CHD) was established in 12.1%, its incidence increasing with age. 66.1% of the individuals with detected CHD were not aware of the disease, 28.7% had not visited the local out-patient centre previously. The prevalence of the major risk factors in the population was 80.7%; 38.6% of the subjects had two risk factors or more. Some risk factors were found to correlate with age, the nature of occupation and the educational level. The individuals with CHD more frequently showed arterial hypertension, excessive body weight and lipid metabolism disorders and less commonly the absence of risk factors as compared with individuals without this pathology. The study may serve as an informative basis of planning measures for primary and secondary prophylaxis of CHD in the population at the greatest risk, i. e. males aged 35-59 years. PMID- 6521202 TI - [HDL cholesterol lipoprotein levels and the atherogenicity coefficient in males with diabetes mellitus and ischemic heart disease]. AB - A hundred males aged 40-69 years receiving treatment at the Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Hormone Chemistry for type I and II diabetes mellitus were examined. Thirty-eight patients had coronary heart disease (CHD). The diagnosis of CHD was based on the data of the WHO Cardiological Questionnaire and the presence of ECG changes corresponding to the categories of the Minnesota Code 1-1,2,7; 4-1,2 and 5-1,2 (without 3-1,3). The blood levels of total cholesterol (CS), triglycerides (TG), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC) and the atherogenicity coefficient (AC) were determined in all patients. The results of the study showed that males with diabetes mellitus irrespective of its type or the presence of CHD had significantly higher mean values of total CS, TG and AC than in control. The mean levels of HDLC in males with type I diabetes mellitus without CHD did not differ from those in normal subjects whereas the level of HDLC in patients with type II diabetes mellitus was lowered. The patients with CHD showed a significant decrease in HDLC in both type I and II diabetes. The highest mean values of TG, AC and the lowest levels of HDLC were characteristic of the males with type II diabetes mellitus and CHD. PMID- 6521203 TI - [Changes in the resting ECG in males with impaired carbohydrate tolerance of different degrees without clinical symptoms of ischemic heart disease and arterial hypertension]. AB - The resting ECGs were analyzed in males aged 20-60 years with various tolerance to carbohydrates. There were statistically significant differences between the values characterizing the functions of automatism and conductivity on the resting ECG in patients with diabetes mellitus without any clinical symptoms of coronary heart disease (CHD), arterial hypertension, cardiac failure and other chronic diseases and in healthy males with the normal tolerance to carbohydrates. in patients with borderline impairments of carbohydrate tolerance (CT), these parameters occupied an intermediate position between the corresponding values in patients with diabetes mellitus and in subjects with the normal tolerance to carbohydrates. During the mass screening of the population the complex of the examinations conducted should include the methods of monitoring carbohydrate metabolism in order to identify individuals with CT impairments who are at risk of developing both CHD and diabetes mellitus. PMID- 6521204 TI - [Early detection of the relationship between the serum lipid spectrum and the hypertensive response of blood pressure to physical exertion in healthy young persons]. AB - A comparative study was carried out on the lipid levels in the blood serum and the frequency of hyperlipoproteinemias in 1005 normal subjects of young age (17 29 years) of both sexes with the normo- and hypertensive types of the blood pressure (BP) response to exercise. The groups studied were matched for sex, age and risk factors. The subject with the hypertensive type of the BP response to exercise showed a significant elevation in the lipid levels and the rate of hyperlipoproteinemias as against the group with the normotensive type of the BP reaction. PMID- 6521205 TI - [Acute myocardial infarction and cerebral stroke among the population of Novosibirsk]. AB - An epidemiological study of the morbidity and mortality rates of acute myocardial infarction and cerebral stroke based on the standard WHO programs "The Register of Acute Myocardial Infarction" and "The Register of Cerebral Stroke" was conducted for 12 months in one of the districts of Novosibirsk. The morbidity and mortality rates of males due to cardio- and cerebrovascular accidents were almost twice as high as those in females. The study of morbidity and mortality rates over time on the basis of the standard programs will make it possible to evaluate comprehensively the effectiveness of preventive programs. PMID- 6521206 TI - [Recurrent cardiac crises in patients with post-infarction cardiosclerosis]. AB - Macrofocal myocardial infarction survivers with repeated cardiac accidents (sudden death and repeated myocardial infarction) in the post-infarction period (a 5-7-year follow-up) differ from similar patients with a stable course of the disease by a greater incidence and persistence of such risk factors as smoking and hyperlipoproteinemia. A thorough and maximally possible correction of these factors is necessary. Regular ergometric tests allow the identification of a high risk group for repeated cardiac accidents among patients with a history of an uncomplicated myocardial infarction. Of prognostic significance are such ergometric parameters as the cause of load cessation, the total displacement of the ST segment and the coefficient of consumption of the myocardial reserves. There has been no direct correlation between the incidence of ventricular arrhythmias revealed at the bicycle ergometric examination and the development of repeated cardiac accidents, which appears to be associated with the adequate symptomatic therapy aimed at maintaining the contractile function of the myocardium. PMID- 6521207 TI - [Age, sex and ischemic heart disease mortality (factor model)]. AB - A mathematical model of age mortality due to coronary heart disease among populations of the 24 European countries was made on the basis of the principal components method. It was shown that age and sex differences of mortality can be described by means of three different factors which are statistically independent on each other. Possible pathogenetic mechanisms underlying the formation of the three factors are discussed. PMID- 6521208 TI - [Diagnosis of ischemic heart disease in an organized population]. AB - In a simultaneous cardiological examination of the workers and employees of an electronics plant, a total of 3183 ECGs at the 12 standard leads were recorded with the help of the automatic ECG analysis system HP5600C. Parallelly, the ECGs were coded by the Minnesota Code. A group of high risk for coronary heart disease was identified on the basis of the questionnaire data and ECG findings and comprised 7.8% of the population studied. Pathological ECGs were registered in only 27.1% of the high risk group. PMID- 6521209 TI - [Attitude of district physicians and the population toward measures regarding the prevention of ischemic heart disease]. AB - The experience of the work on multifactorial prophylaxis of coronary heart disease performed on the basis of an urban out-patient center among 40-59-year old males points to an inadequate response of the population to the primary (57 % after the mailing of 4 invitations) and repeated annual (50-60% of those who have had the primary examination) prophylactic examinations. Over 4 years, 22 % of patients with coronary heart disease and 32 % of patients with arterial hypertension refused to come for out-patient examinations. The number of responses was greater among individuals with risk factors of coronary heart disease. Most therapists from out-patient clinics believe it necessary to carry out prophylactic measures and would like to have more time for this purpose. Yet, many of them doubt that the population will follow medical advice with regard to changing the life style. The population is poorly aware of the role of prophylactic examinations, the effect of nutrition and bad habits on the development of cardiovascular diseases. PMID- 6521210 TI - [The oxygen supply in patients with neurocirculatory asthenia during exercise]. AB - The working capacity and the oxygen supply during exercise were studied in 83 patients with neurocirculatory dystonia of various severity and 50 healthy subjects on the basis of the spiroergometric findings. The patients with neurocirculatory dystonia showed a decrease in such parameters of the oxygen supply during "maximum" exercise as the maximum consumption of oxygen at the threshold exercise level, the maximum oxygen pulse, the maximum pulmonary ventilation and the index of the oxygen cost per 1 kgm of work. The correlation of the disorders of the oxygen supply during exercise with the severity of the clinical course of the disease elucidated their relationship: a decrease in the maximum oxygen consumption at the threshold exercise level and an increase in the "oxygen cost" of 1 kgm of work were most pronounced in a group of patients with a severe course of the disease. PMID- 6521211 TI - [Clinical aspects and diagnosis of ischemic heart disease in patients with arterial hypertension]. AB - Twenty-six patients with arterial hypertension and chest pain were examined using echocardiography, bicycle ergometry, pharmacological tests with the intravenous administration of dipiridamol and isoproterenol, coronary angiography and left ventriculography. With regard to the painful syndrome the patients were divided into 2 groups: Group 1 with angina, Group 2 with cardialgia. The majority of the group 1 patients showed extensive atherosclerosis of the coronary arteries. The results of bicycle ergometry and pharmacological tests in this group were positive in the majority of cases. The group 2 patients displayed minor atherosclerosis of the coronary arteries or intact arteries which correlated with negative results of the bicycle ergometry and pharmacological tests. Echocardiographic and ventriculographic examinations of the functional state of the left ventricle revealed circulation insufficiency in none of the patients. PMID- 6521212 TI - [Surgical treatment of recurrent renovascular hypertension]. AB - The article analyzes the results of surgery for a recurrence of vasorenal hypertension developing as a result of an impaired major blood flow in the operated on renal artery. The main causes of the blood flow impairment in the immediate postoperational period included an expansion of indications for the primary reconstructive operation or technical drawbacks during the operation itself whilst in the long-term post-operational period the progression of the underlying disease was the principal culprit. Repeated operations on the renal arteries were performed in 19 patients, and in 28 patients surgery consisted of secondary nephrectomy. Good and satisfactory results after repeated reconstructive operations on the renal arteries were obtained in 73.3% of the cases. The operation of choice in repeated interventions is the autovenous prosthesis of the renal artery. PMID- 6521213 TI - [Clinical aspects, diagnosis and possibilities of the surgical treatment of aortic aneurysm]. AB - On the basis of examining 42 patients, the possibilities of the timely diagnosis and surgical treatment of aortic aneurysms are discussed. The importance of the X ray examination in the diagnosis of aneurysms of the abdominal and thoracic portions of the aorta is emphasized. Special equipment is necessary for the operative treatment of thoracic aorta aneurysms. Patients with aortic aneurysms rejecting surgical treatment die within 2-3 years after the diagnosis. PMID- 6521214 TI - [Comparative effectiveness of finoptin, corinfar and their combination in patients with angina pectoris]. AB - In a series of 20 patients with stable angina of effort, the authors, using repeated exercise tests, attempted to select the effective antianginal doses of verapamil (finoptine) and nifedipine (corinfar) and to assess the effectiveness of their combination in lower doses following a single administration of the drugs. Verapamil was found to be a more effective antianginal drug than nifedipine. The antianginal effect of both drugs was comparatively short-term. A combined use of verapamil and nifedipine in low doses was demonstrated to be a good alternative choice in cases of side effects arising upon the separate employment of high doses of the drugs. PMID- 6521215 TI - [Effect of isosorbide dinitrate (isoket) on central hemodynamics and myocardial contraction in patients with ischemic heart disease]. AB - The authors studied the effect of isoket on the central hemodynamics and myocardial contractility as well as on the conditions of myocardial functioning in 38 patients aged 28-53 years and suffering from coronary heart disease. The infusion of 2 mg of isoket at a rate of 400 micrograms/min was followed by a decrease in the arterial pressure with the maximum drop seen on the seventh minute (by 26% from the baseline value), a reduction in the end-diastolic pressure by 50%, and a lengthening of the preejection period without any significant changes in either the cardiac output or the total peripheral resistance. Taken as a whole these changes justify the conclusion that the influence of dinitrate isosorbite (isoket) on the central hemodynamics is largely due to its venodilating action leading to a reduction of the pre-load which in turn improves myocardial functioning. PMID- 6521216 TI - [Rehabilitation of myocardial infarct patients in the hospital phase]. PMID- 6521217 TI - [Electrostimulation of the interatrial septum]. AB - The first clinical experience of the successful application of electrostimulation of the atrial septum is described. Sickle-shaped electrodes were used for this purpose. Electrostimulation of the atrial septum was medically indicated in all cases. In 2 cases the electrode was fixed to the atrial septum after open-heart surgery and in 3 cases it was done because of an excessively high threshold of cardiac electrostimulation. Sickle-shaped electrodes are shown to be the most optimal for continuous electrostimulation of the atrial septum. PMID- 6521218 TI - [P-synchronized ventricular stimulation in supraventricular tachycardia]. AB - The author used P-synchronized stimulation of the ventricles to prevent tachycardia paroxysms in patients with frequent drug-resistant paroxysms of supraventricular tachycardia (SVT). Electrophysiologic examinations revealed additional conductive pathways functioning during tachycardia in the retrograde direction in 12 patients whereas in 6 cases tachycardia was accounted for by the mechanism of the re-entry of the excitation wave inside the atrioventricular node. The detected mechanisms of SVT development made it possible to use a method of its prevention by ventricular electrostimulation in the P-synchronized mode. Stimulation parameters were determined by a specially devised technique during electrophysiological examination. Following this stimulation, tachycardia attacks were completely prevented and attempts to provoke them by various types of stimulation were unsuccessful. PMID- 6521219 TI - [Efficacy of frequent electrostimulation of the left atrium via the esophagus to stop atrial flutter]. AB - Trans-esophagus high-frequency electrostimulation (240-520 impulses/min) of the left atrium was performed in 36 patients in order to arrest the atrial flutter. Immediately after the stimulation, the sinus rhythm was restored in 15 patients (37.5%), and 16 patients (40%) developed atrial fibrillation, 5 patients (12.5%) developed atrial flutter with irregular ventricular rhythm, in 4 patients (10%) the stimulation was ineffective. Subsequently, atrial fibrillation in 3 cases and atrial flutter in 1 case assumed the sinus rhythm. On the whole, the sinus rhythm recovered in 19 (47.5%) cases. Impulses of 20 V proved to be the most effective. This method is effective in cases of an unsuccessful drug antiarrhythmic treatment and electroimpulse therapy. There are no contraindications to this method. It can be successfully employed in cases where electroimpulse therapy is contraindicated or dangerous. PMID- 6521220 TI - [Method of transesophageal electrostimulation of the ventricles in clinical practice]. AB - Possibilities of improving the efficacy of the trans-esophageal ventricular electrostimulation were studied in 22 patients with pacemaker weakness, the Wolff Parkinson-White syndrome, transverse block and other disorders of the rhythm and conductivity of the heart. It has been shown that the amplitude of impulses in trans-esophageal ventricular electrostimulation may be decreased on the average to 32.36 +/- 1.37 V with the help of a specially-designed electrode, the optimal positioning of its cathode contact in the esophagus and the lengthening of electrical impulses. Trans-esophageal electrostimulation of the ventricles broadens the possibilities of the noninvasive electrophysiological examination and the treatment of complicated disturbances of the cardiac rhythm and conductivity. PMID- 6521221 TI - [Clinical evaluation of continuous myocardial electrostimulation of the atria in the sick sinus syndrome]. AB - Forty-four patients with the syndrome of pacemaker weakness were subjected to the operation of the continuous electrostimulation of the right atrium from the infrasternal access using sutureless electrodes. Patients with grave attendant diseases were shown to benefit from this procedure. The use of Soviet commercially available sutureless electrodes makes it possible to considerably simplify the main stage of the operation and to ensure the reliable functioning of the biocontrolled cardiostimulators at the long-term postoperative period. PMID- 6521222 TI - [Various features of the clinical picture and central hemodynamics of patients with the sick sinus syndrome]. AB - The authors examined 33 coronary heart disease patients with the syndrome of pacemaker weakness (SPW) aged 54 to 82 years. In 18 of the patients the clinical and electrocardiographic manifestations of the SPW were intermittent and appeared simultaneously with exacerbation of coronary heart disease. Patients with the SPW but without a history of myocardial lesions displayed the hyperdynamic type of the circulation. Even with normal and elevated parameters of the central hemodynamics they showed decreased adaptational capabilities of the body in relation to exercise. The development of circulatory insufficiency in the SPW to a large extent stems from myocardial lesions following the previous heart disease. PMID- 6521223 TI - [Exercise tolerance in evaluating the efficacy of continuous electrocardiostimulation in patients with atrioventricular block]. AB - Fifty-three patients with brady-cardia were examined prior to and 1 year after the implantation of the cardiostimulator. It was found that the bicycle ergometric test was not contraindicated in examining the function of the respiration and circulation in patients with stable forms of bradyarrhythmia. Three types of the body's response to exercise were identified. It was shown that in patients with the third type of response the compensatory possibilities of the respiratory and cardiovascular systems were at the breaking point. The authors believe that electrocardiostimulation in them is of a doubtful value in terms of improving the quality of life and restoring the capacity for work. Implantation of cardiostimulators in such patients is mostly necessary in the presence of Morgagni-Edems-Stokes attacks. PMID- 6521224 TI - [Determination of the life expectancy of patients undergoing continuous endocardial stimulation]. AB - Using an actuarial analysis, the authors studied the time of survival in 120 patients with continuous endocardiac electrostimulation. There were 37 lethal outcomes by the end of the fourth year of the follow-up, with 31 of these patients aging from 65 to 100 years. The study of the survival rate in different age groups showed that the highest survival rate was in the group below 55 years and the lowest in the group of patients aged 75 to 100 years. The study of survival in different age groups is important for the prognosis of the necessary amount of cardiostimulators with energy sources varying in relation to their operational life time. PMID- 6521225 TI - [Significance of atrioventricular block in the development of the Wolff-Parkinson White syndrome]. AB - The vegetative homeostasis was studied in 49 children with the Wolff-Parkinson White (WPW) syndrome and in their relatives. To control the WPW syndrome the authors used clino-orthostatic and drug (atropine and gilurytmal) tests. In 85.7% of children with WPW syndrome there was a vagotonic orientation of the vegetative tonus, not infrequently of the hereditary nature, inducing inhibition of atrioventricular conductivity. A combination of the atrioventricular block of the first stage and the WPW syndrome in 44.1% of the children and in 51.2% of their families points to an association between these phenomena. The detection of the WPW syndrome in the presence of sympathicotonia does not contradict this postulation since the atrioventricular node may be blocked by frequent impulses which helps to increase the conductivity along the additional pathways. In connection with the frequent detection of the additional conductive pathways in normal subjects, their first appearance in elderly age and their combination with block, a suggestion is made that the retention of the additional pathways in the myocardium may be advisable. Yet, being compensatory in their nature they may precipitate arrhythmias. PMID- 6521226 TI - [Relation between intra-atrial conduction and disorders of sinoatrial, atrioventricular and intraventricular conduction (according to selectively intensified ECG findings)]. AB - The differentially intensified ECG was recorded from the chest surface to determine the intraatrial conductivity in patients with chronic coronary heart disease. The parameters of the differentially intensified ECG were compared with the indices of intraatrial conductivity on the intracavitary electrogram. Disorders of intraatrial conductivity were also compared with impairments of conductivity in other sites of the conductivity system of the heart. A total of 154 patients with chronic coronary heart disease (aged 38 to 77 years) and with disorders of conductivity in various sites of the heart were examined. Intraatrial conductivity disorders were detected in 77.8% of patients with the syndrome of pacemaker weakness, in 46.5% of patients with atrioventricular block of degree II and III and in 82.1% of patients with block of the peduncles of His's bundle. PMID- 6521227 TI - [Evaluation of the chronotopography of cardiac excitation by means of epicardial electrocardiotopograms]. AB - The authors described a method of the automatic construction of an epicardiac electrocardiotopogram based on measuring the distribution of the potential on the chest surface, the geometrical parameters of this surface and on the mathematical processing of the data obtained with the help of multiple expansion. The major advantages of the method include the elimination of the effect on the electrocardiotopogram of non-cardiac factors, an increase in its resolving capacity and its specific characterization of the anatomic elements of the heart. Examples are presented which illustrate the diagnostic interpretation of the epicardiac electrocardiotopogram under experimental conditions. PMID- 6521228 TI - [Tachycardia rhythm disorders: role and capabilities of the surgeon]. PMID- 6521229 TI - [Postmortem diagnosis of ventricular fibrillation in acute coronary insufficiency]. AB - Occlusion of coronary artery in dogs has revealed differences in K and Na postmortal distributions in the heart and skeletal muscles after ventricular fibrillation and acute coronary insufficiency. A more dramatic reduction of K and Na content in the heart and skeletal muscles was noted in death caused by heart failure than death caused by ventricular fibrillation. The analysis of autopsy samples showed a more marked reduction in K content in a possible ischemic area (the middle third of anterior wall of the left ventricle) during slow death with short agonal periods as compared to sudden death and a significant reduction of K content in skeletal muscle during slow death in contrast to the absence of changes in sudden death. K and Na measurements in the myocardium and skeletal muscle can be used in addition to catamnesis data for determining the cause of sudden death. PMID- 6521230 TI - [Modification of a model of ventricular fibrillation by a combination of ligation of the interventricular artery and ultraviolet irradiation of autoblood]. AB - The combination of interventricular artery ligation and extracorporeal intensive ultraviolet irradiation of autoblood enabled the researchers to bring down the threshold and to increase the frequency of ventricular fibrillations. The above finding has served as a basis for creating a new experimental model of delayed ventricular fibrillation with a higher possibility of its development. PMID- 6521231 TI - [Basis for the discreteness of delay and frequency in diagnostic cardiostimulation]. AB - The article presents the metrological, electrophysiological and economic aspects of the substantiation of the choice of the optimal discreteness of impulses and their frequency in diagnostic programmed cardiostimulation. It has been shown that in conducting the intracardiac electrophysiological examination the traditional choice of the discreteness of the interval delta T3 = 10 msec, and the discreteness of the frequency delta Fc = 10 impulses/min does not meet the metrological requirements. From the metrological viewpoint, the minimal values of the discreteness constitute delta T3 = 20 msec and delta Fc = 20 impulses/min, which are compatible with obtaining diagnostic information and thus justified from the clinical and expedient from the economic point of view. PMID- 6521232 TI - [1st experience with successful transesophageal electrostimulation of the ventricles in acute onset complete atrioventricular heart block in the pre hospital stage]. PMID- 6521233 TI - [Adverse effects and complications of using the principal anti-arrhythmia agents in cardiologic first aid]. PMID- 6521234 TI - [Mechanisms of development of hemodynamic variants of the tachysystolic form of atrial fibrillation in ischemic heart disease patients]. PMID- 6521235 TI - [Total isometric exercise in the diagnosis of ischemic heart disease]. PMID- 6521236 TI - [Myocardial abscess in septicopyemia]. PMID- 6521237 TI - [Acquired prolonged Q-T interval syndrome with recurrent ventricular fibrillation]. PMID- 6521238 TI - [Use of sequential atrioventricular electrostimulation in the treatment of complex disorders of rhythm and conduction]. PMID- 6521239 TI - [Syndrome of ventricular preexcitation and corrected transposition of the great vessels with insufficiency of the arterial atrioventricular valve of the Ebstein anomaly type]. PMID- 6521240 TI - [Clinical course of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia in the Wolff Parkinson-White syndrome in a patient with ischemic heart disease]. PMID- 6521241 TI - [Characteristics of acute infectious endocarditis in various types of hospitals]. AB - The study has revealed that active forms of infectious endocarditis constitute 30 50% of all septic diseases in hospitals. It is the normal cusps of the valvular apparatus of the left cardiac portion that are predominantly damaged, deformed or destroyed. Endocardial involvement of the right portion of the heart and the pulmonary artery occurs very rarely. Infectious patients develop sepsis more frequently than patients with non-infectious diseases but it takes the form of acute infectious endocarditis less commonly. Currently the clinical course of acute infectious endocarditis is characterized by predominantly ulcerous thrombotic damage of the normal valves with the formation of heart disease, the development of congestive insufficiency of the circulation and thromboembolic complications and the lethal outcome in the first weeks of hospitalization in 95.6% of patients with acute endocarditis in infectious and 56.6% in non infectious hospitals. PMID- 6521242 TI - [Cardiac cirrhosis of the liver]. AB - The analysis of the authors' material showed that there was not a single case where the morphological changes in the liver could be interpreted as cirrhosis in the usual sense of the word. In most cases patients with the most severe and intractable syndrome of cardiac insufficiency characterized by a torpid course have combined liver damage. Along with marked circulatory disturbances in the liver, these cases may be characterized by the disorder of the absorptive excretary function of the liver induced by independent damaging factors (alcohol damage, viral hepatitis, cholelithiasis, etc.). This fact is of great practical significance and should be taken into account when administering therapy to such patients because it necessitates the use of drugs of the direct hepatotropic action. PMID- 6521243 TI - [Treatment of combined heart rate and conduction disorders]. PMID- 6521244 TI - [Cardiogenic shock in acute myocardial infarct patients]. AB - To differentiate between various forms of cardiogenic shock (CS) and to elaborate the criteria of its prognosis, the authors examined 284 patients with acute myocardial infarction (MI) and 30 patients of the control group for the peculiarities of the clinical course of the disease in relation to changes in the hemodynamic parameters and oxygen supply to the tissues. CS was shown to develop more frequently in patients over 64 years of age, with a history of MI and with signs of chronic circulation insufficiency of IIA stage. Late CS more commonly took the true form and was associated with a MI relapse. Reflex CS was characterized by the hyperkinetic variant of the hemodynamics while an arrhythmic one by the congestive variant. Patients with the authentic form of CS were divided into 3 subgroups with different hemodynamic reactions to sympathomimetic amines. In the first day of the disease the coefficient of the tissue extraction of oxygen serves as a significant prognostic criterion which should be determined along with the dynamic measurement of the pump and contractile functions of the heart. PMID- 6521245 TI - [Clinical significance of the size of the necrotic area and the rate of its formation in the acute period of myocardial infarct]. AB - The authors suggest a new method of interpreting the kinetics of the isoenzyme MB CPK in the body based on mathematical modelling. This method have made it possible to increase the accuracy of determining the necrotic size and to calculate the temporal parameters (rate and acceleration) of the formation of the necrotic focus. The studies have shown that these temporal parameters allow the timely (within the first 10-12 h of the disease) objective and quantitative assessment of the disease severity. The proposed method of interpretation was used in the biochemical examinations of 128 patients with acute myocardial infarction and the results obtained indicate its clinical-diagnostic and prognostic value. PMID- 6521246 TI - [Dynamics of free fatty acids after a glucose load and the indices characterizing fatty tissue weight and function in acute myocardial infarct patients]. AB - The relationship between the antilipolytic action of glucose and the parameters characterizing the weight and state of the adipose tissue was studied in 60 patients with acute myocardial infarction. The amount of fat in the body was assessed, and the morphological structure of the adipose tissue determined. A sharp decrease in the antilipolytic effect of the peroral administration of glucose was observed in patients with a complicated course of the disease and adiposity of hyperplastic nature. PMID- 6521247 TI - [Effect of systemic thrombolytic therapy on necrotic focus formation in myocardial infarct patients]. AB - The formation of the myocardial necrotic focus was assessed by precardial charting at 35 leads and the serial determination of CPK activity and MB fraction in 50 patients receiving the systemic thrombolytic therapy and 52 patients of the control group. Thrombolytic therapy initiated within the first 6 h of the disease was shown to facilitate the limitation of the extent of myocardial infarction through a more rapid stabilization of the necrotic focus. The calculated extent of myocardial infarction in patients treated with thrombolytic drugs was 37.4% less than in the control group. A beneficial clinical effect of thrombolytic therapy was demonstrated. PMID- 6521248 TI - [Intracardiac hemodynamics in patients with a postinfarct intraventricular septal defect]. AB - Twenty-seven patients with post-infarction defect of the ventricular septum were examined: 27 had sounding of the right portions of the heart, 23 left ventriculography, 22 selective coronary angiography. The decision on the timing of the operation and the extent of surgery should be based on the findings obtained during intracardiac examination. If the grave condition of the patient is caused by a heavy drainage of the blood through the defect of the ventricular septum and by the volumetric overload of the heart then urgent surgery is indicated. On the other hand, if the severity of the patient's state is determined by mostly myocardial contractility disorders then the wait-and-see approach is appropriate. The intracardiac examination is a decisive method of the diagnosis of a post-infarction defect of the ventricular septum and is indicated for all patients with this disease. The extent of the examination is determined by the clinical state of the patient. PMID- 6521250 TI - [Changes in the hemostatic system and the progression of arteriosclerosis in ischemic heart disease patients]. AB - The effect of standardized mental stress on the hemostatic system was studied in 160 patients with coronary heart disease. The diagnosis of coronary atherosclerosis was documented by selective coronary angiographic findings. Emotional tension was modelled using the method of counting with interswitching in conditions of time deficit, irritating light and sound signals, as well as critical remarks about the work performed. According to the protective-adaptive activation of the anti-clotting system, the patients were divided into two groups: 1 with activation of heparin activity of the blood and fibrinolysis, 2 with depressed fibrinolysis and lowered blood heparin. Prior to the onset of the study the patients of both groups exhibited hypercoagulation as compared with the control group. The maximum degree of hypercoagulation was observed in the second group patients. Hypercoagulative changes both at rest and under stress were shown to depend on the degree of coronary artery damage. PMID- 6521249 TI - [Evaluation of the effectiveness of hypolipidemic preparations in coronary arteriosclerosis]. AB - Hypolipidemic therapy should be developed as a therapy aimed at the normalization of metabolism since the functional relationship of lipid and carbohydrate metabolism is evident both in normal and pathological conditions. The results of the reaction of the lipid spectrum of the blood to a single glucose load confirms that patients with combined hyperlipoproteinemias (IIb type) are heterogeneous in terms of the pathogenesis of the metabolic disturbances which should be taken into account in assessing the efficiency of hypolipidemic drugs as well as in selecting and administering medicines. PMID- 6521251 TI - [The bicycle ergometry test in the diagnosis of ischemic heart disease in women (a comparison with selective coronary angiographic data)]. AB - The bicycle ergometric test and selective coronary angiography were performed in 105 women with 39 of them presenting stenosis of the coronary arteries. Judging by the electrocardiographic criteria, the test sensitivity was 68%, its specificity being 90%. Normalization of the ECG at the height of the submaximal exercise in the presence of the baseline changes in the ST-T interval may serve as an additional criterion of the absence of coronary artery stenosis. When the test was evaluated by clinical and electrocardiographic criteria, its specificity decreased. PMID- 6521252 TI - [Multifactorial analysis of the physical work capacity of patients with chronic ischemic heart disease]. AB - A series of 512 patients with coronary heart disease were examined using a complex of clinical, instrumental and biochemical methods. The capacity for physical work was determined by bicycle ergometry. Fifty-four signs were studied in relation to the exercise tolerance. On the basis of the findings about the closeness of the correlation between these signs and the patients' capacity for physical work, 19 prognostically significant criteria were identified. A multi factorial clinico-functional and biochemical classification of coronary heart disease patients with regard to three levels of the capacity for physical work was elaborated which made it possible to develop a method of the complex assessment and prediction of the capacity for physical work. PMID- 6521253 TI - [Evaluation of the measures for the psychological rehabilitation of myocardial infarct patients]. PMID- 6521254 TI - [Increased erythrocyte membrane permeability to sodium--a risk factor for hypertension]. AB - Monitoring the sodium-lithium counter transport, the authors examined the membrane permeability of red cells for sodium in 70 females and 127 males aged 20 to 70 years. In subjects with normal arterial pressure, the membrane permeability of the red cells showed no age-specific changes or differences in males and females at the age of 20 to 31 years and those over 40 years. Arterial hypertension (AH) according to the WHO criteria was diagnosed in 31% of those studied. The individuals with an increased permeability of the red cell membrane for sodium, exhibited AH twice as frequently as the individuals with the normal or decreased permeability. The rate of AH was found to rise (from 46 to 68%) with age in the subjects with the elevated permeability of the red cell membrane whilst there was no such tendency in the individuals with normal and decreased permeability of the red cell membrane. PMID- 6521255 TI - Responses of the ischemic acute renal failure kidney to additional ischemic events. AB - To test whether the ischemic acute renal failure (IARF) kidney has increased susceptibility to additional ischemic events, IARF was induced in female Sprague Dawley rats [40 min of bilateral renal artery occlusion (RAO)] and either 18 or 48 hr later, at the height of morphologic injury, they were rechallenged with either 25 or 40 min of RAO. Changes in renal function (GFR, blood flow), morphology, and adenine nucleotide (AN) concentrations in response to these second ischemic challenges were compared to those of normal kidneys subjected to a single ischemic event. In additional experiments, rates of recovery from IARF were compared between rats subjected to one or two bouts of RAO (40 min, 24 hr apart). IARF kidneys retained a significantly greater percent of their baseline GFR and had comparable or higher absolute GFRs after 25 or 40 min of RAO than control rats. IARF rats showed no significant exacerbation of their underlying morphologic injury by superimposing a second ischemic event. IARF kidneys (24 hr post RAO) had normal AN concentrations, and by 30 min of reflow from a second 40 min of RAO, they re-established their AN energy charge and retained AN pools as well as control kidneys. A second 40-min bout of RAO did not significantly prolong recovery rates from the first 40-min ischemic event. In additional experiments, intraperitoneal injection of normal urine or solute matched artificial urine (urea, creatinine, NaCl) into normal rats to mimic the degree of azotemia seen in the IARF rats induced significant and comparable protection against 40 min of RAO. We conclude that the IARF kidney, at or near the height of its functional and morphologic injury, does not have increased susceptibility to additional ischemic insults. Rather a modicum of protection appears to exist, possibly due to renal-failure-induced increments in solute loads per nephron. PMID- 6521256 TI - Effects of fibrinogen degradation products on glomerular mesangial cells in culture. AB - We investigated effects of fibrin, fibrinogen, and fibrinogen degradation products (FDPs) on human glomerular mesangial cells in culture, using the methods of cell count, 3[H] thymidine uptake and 51Cr release. Incorporation of 3[H] thymidine by the cells was much the same with various concentrations of fibrin and similar to findings in the control without fibrin. Fibrinogen, FDP-D, -E, low molecular weight FDP (LMWFDP) fractions 1 and 3 had no promoting effects on mesangial cell proliferation. The LMWFDP fraction 2 showed a suppressive effect on the proliferation of cultured cells and increase of 51Cr release from the cells. The cytotoxic effect of this fraction was dose-dependent. These results suggest that while fibrin deposition in the renal glomeruli does not relate with mesangial hypercellularity, this deposition plays a role in mesangiolysis, through the production of FDPs. PMID- 6521257 TI - Renal interactions between norepinephrine and calcium antagonists. AB - The combined action of norepinephrine and calcium antagonists on the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of isolated rat kidneys perfused at a constant pressure of 105 mm Hg was studied. Norepinephrine, 74 +/- 9 ng/ml (mean +/- SEM), increased the renal vascular resistance (RVR) by 50% and GFR declined by 88% (P less than 0.001). The subsequent addition of either diltiazem or verapamil (5 microM) returned RVR nearly to control and increased the GFR by an average of 86% over control (P = 0.007). Diltiazem or verapamil alone had little effect on RVR or GFR. Norepinephrine (20 ng/ml) did not affect RVR or GFR. In the presence of diltiazem, norepinephrine (20 ng/ml) again did not affect RVR but increased GFR by 58% (P = 0.003). With a low-calcium perfusate containing 0.4 mM total calcium, norepinephrine (90 ng/ml) did not affect RVR or GFR. Increasing perfusate norepinephrine to 236 +/- 8 ng/ml elicited a 50% increase in RVR, and GFR decreased by 95% (P less than 0.001). The subsequent addition of verapamil increased GFR to 2.8 times the original baseline value (P = 0.011) and restored RVR to control levels. These data suggest that diltiazem and verapamil block the vasoconstrictor action of norepinephrine on afferent arterioles selectively. Renal vascular sensitivity to norepinephrine decreases markedly either when the extracellular calcium concentration is reduced or in the presence of a calcium antagonist. However, a low-calcium perfusate does not mimic the property of calcium antagonists to facilitate an increase in GFR in the presence of norepinephrine. PMID- 6521258 TI - Effect of cimetidine on granulocyte-macrophage colony formation by normal and chronic renal failure bone marrow cells. AB - The effect of cimetidine, an antihistaminic blocker of the H2 receptors, on the development of granulocyte-macrophage colonies (GMC) was examined in vitro on bone marrow cells from healthy individuals and chronic renal failure (CRF) patients. The drug caused a dose-dependent decrease in the number of GMC from bone marrow samples in both healthy subjects and patients, being much more expressed in the latter group. The addition of urea to bone marrow cultures of healthy subjects increased the inhibition of colony formation caused by cimetidine alone. CRF or control serum added to normal bone marrow cells enhanced the colony growth which was significantly more expressed when using a CRF serum sample. PMID- 6521259 TI - Analysis of increased myocardial contractility during sodium acetate infusion in humans. AB - To analyze the reported effects of acetate on left ventricular (LV) contractility during dialysis, LV function was studied before and after a 20-min sodium acetate (Na Ac) infusion (0.06 mmoles X kg-1 X min-1) in seven patients with heart rate (HR) controlled by atrial pacing. Angiographically determined LV volumes and LV pressures were used to calculate the LV function indices. A plasma acetate concentration of 3.13 +/- 1.05 (SD) mmoles X liter-1 induced an increase in cardiac index from 3.8 +/- 0.6 to 4.4 +/- 0.6 (SD) liter X min-1 X m-2 (P less than 0.01) and a rise in total body O2 consumption from 7.47 +/- 1.28 to 8.67 +/- 1.66 mmoles X min-1 X m-2 (P less than 0.05); there was no alteration of the volume elastic constant, of the end diastolic stress, and of the end systolic stress. There was an increase of the ejection fraction from 0.44 +/- 0.10 to 0.51 +/- 0.09 (P less than 0.01), the maximum velocity of shortening (Vmax, sec-1) from 1.37 +/- 0.25 to 1.55 +/- 0.28 (P less than 0.05), and of the end systolic stress-end systolic volume ratio (g X cm-2 X ml-1) from 2.99 +/- 0.76 to 3.40 +/- 0.98 (P less than 0.01). Hence, the enhancement of these indices was not the consequence of any alteration of HR, preload, or afterload.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6521260 TI - Kinetics of crystal growth in urine. PMID- 6521261 TI - Primary aldosteronism. PMID- 6521262 TI - [Embolization of the renal arteries in kidney disease]. PMID- 6521263 TI - [Characteristics of the anesthesia and postoperative management of patients with concomitant obesity]. PMID- 6521264 TI - [Controlled hypotension with sodium nitroprusside in orthopedic injury operations]. PMID- 6521265 TI - [Use of intravascular laser irradiation of the blood for preventing and treating suppurative and septic complications]. PMID- 6521266 TI - [Suture incompetence in pelviureteral anastomosis in hydronephrosis]. PMID- 6521267 TI - [Diagnosis and surgical treatment of thyroid cancer]. PMID- 6521268 TI - [Combined ketalar anesthesia and controlled respiration during thymectomy on myasthenia patients]. PMID- 6521269 TI - [Effectiveness of controlled hypotension in surgery on the spinal column]. PMID- 6521270 TI - [Infrared telethermography in injuries to the locomotor apparatus]. PMID- 6521271 TI - [Surgical treatment of multiple intracranial hematomas]. PMID- 6521272 TI - [Hypotensive effect and kidney function in patients with atherosclerotic lesions of the renal arteries after surgical treatment]. PMID- 6521273 TI - [Rehabilitation characteristics of patients following the surgical treatment of urologic diseases]. PMID- 6521274 TI - [Responsibility of medical workers for the criminally negligent breach of professional duties]. PMID- 6521275 TI - [A rare case of renal echinococcosis]. PMID- 6521276 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of iatrogenic nasal liquorrhea]. PMID- 6521277 TI - [Experience in treating genital injuries in men]. PMID- 6521279 TI - [Spontaneous rupture of the tunica albuginea of the corpora cavernosa of the penis]. PMID- 6521278 TI - [Stopping of hemorrhage from the urethra by ligation of the internal iliac arteries]. PMID- 6521280 TI - [Epidural anesthesia using fentanyl as a method of surgical narcosis]. PMID- 6521282 TI - [Endovascular regional infusion therapy in treating patients with rhinogenic thrombosis of the cavernous sinus]. PMID- 6521281 TI - [Importance of echoencephalography for detecting early complications after operations on the brain]. PMID- 6521283 TI - [Procedural and technical aspects of the surgical treatment of hormonally active adrenal tumors]. PMID- 6521284 TI - [Surgical treatment of postoperative recurrence of thyrotoxicosis]. PMID- 6521285 TI - [New potential uses for morphine in anesthesiology]. PMID- 6521286 TI - [Use of extracorporeal hemosorption in the complex of immunocorrective therapy of sepsis in children]. PMID- 6521287 TI - [Use of hypothermia in injuries of the spine and spinal cord]. PMID- 6521288 TI - [Traffic injuries of the extremities]. PMID- 6521289 TI - [So-called "calcium gout"]. PMID- 6521290 TI - [Complications during hemosorption]. PMID- 6521291 TI - [Exchange plasmapheresis in the complex treatment of severe purulent-septic complications of acute surgical diseases of the organs of the abdominal cavity]. PMID- 6521292 TI - [Correction of burn deformities and ulcers using bilobed cutaneous-adipose flaps]. PMID- 6521293 TI - [Colostomy reconstruction and delayed implantation of a magnetic closing device]. PMID- 6521294 TI - [Sealing a fistulous tract during surgical treatment of chronic paraproctitis]. PMID- 6521295 TI - [Use of lasers in purulent surgery]. PMID- 6521297 TI - [Congenital cyst of the ampulla of the major duodenal papilla]. PMID- 6521296 TI - [Endolymphatic therapy in suppurative-inflammatory diseases of the extremities and pelvis]. PMID- 6521298 TI - [Total pancreatoduodenectomy for multiple pancreatic cysts]. PMID- 6521299 TI - [Successful use of biological film to eliminate a parapancreatic fistula with suppuration of the surgical wound and eventration of the intestine]. PMID- 6521300 TI - [Cicatricial stenosis of the stomach and small intestine after a chemical burn]. PMID- 6521301 TI - [Use of hemosorption in surgery]. PMID- 6521302 TI - [Primary-multiple combined echinococcosis in a child]. PMID- 6521303 TI - [Profuse ulcerative gastroduodenal hemorrhage complicating hemophilia]. PMID- 6521304 TI - [Tissue reactions to implantation of samarium-cobalt magnetic devices (review of the literature)]. PMID- 6521306 TI - [Sorption detoxication in emergency situations]. PMID- 6521305 TI - [Hemosorption in the treatment of patients with complications of the uremic syndrome]. PMID- 6521307 TI - [Principles of detoxication therapy in acute diffuse peritonitis]. PMID- 6521308 TI - [Changes in the hematomorphologic and protein picture of the blood when using hemosorption in experimental burn toxicity]. PMID- 6521309 TI - [Neurophysiologic evaluation of the efficacy of hemosorption in mechanical jaundice]. PMID- 6521310 TI - [Hemosorption in the treatment of diffuse suppurative peritonitis]. PMID- 6521311 TI - [Immunocorrection in surgical clinical practice]. PMID- 6521312 TI - [Infection in inflammatory diseases of the biliary tract]. PMID- 6521313 TI - [Use of detoxifying hemosorption to treat burn toxemia]. PMID- 6521314 TI - [Clinical forms, course and treatment of acute anaerobic paraproctitis]. PMID- 6521315 TI - [Prevention and treatment of hemorrhoids during pregnancy]. PMID- 6521316 TI - [Ambulatory treatment of purulent lesions of the skin and subcutaneous compartment]. PMID- 6521317 TI - [Intravascular blood coagulation and microcirculatory disorders in burns]. PMID- 6521318 TI - [Surgical and biological aspects of allotransplantation of the small intestine (report I)]. PMID- 6521319 TI - [Angiography and catheterization of portal vein tributaries with determination of blood gastrin levels in the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome]. PMID- 6521320 TI - [Clinical use of helium-oxygen mixtures]. PMID- 6521321 TI - [Endotracheal anesthesia during strumectomy]. PMID- 6521322 TI - [Isoantiperistaltic jejunogastroplasty during gastrectomy]. PMID- 6521323 TI - [Characteristics of plastic surgery of the inguinal area in relation to constitutional factors]. PMID- 6521324 TI - [Peutz-Jeghers syndrome]. PMID- 6521325 TI - [Perforated duodenal ulcer in a child]. PMID- 6521326 TI - [Chronic duodenal obstruction]. PMID- 6521327 TI - [Simultaneous perforation of 2 gastric ulcers]. PMID- 6521328 TI - [Torsion of the greater omentum in a child]. PMID- 6521329 TI - [Traumatic separation of the spleen with spontaneous arrest of hemorrhage in a child]. PMID- 6521330 TI - [Rupture of a postoperative ventral hernia]. PMID- 6521331 TI - [Gastric bezoar simulating acute pancreatitis]. PMID- 6521332 TI - [Invagination into Braun's anastomosis]. PMID- 6521333 TI - [Incomplete embryonal torsion of the intestines in adults]. PMID- 6521334 TI - [Invagination of the appendix into the cecum in a child with Ladd's syndrome]. PMID- 6521335 TI - [Combined abdominal injuries in children]. PMID- 6521336 TI - [Congenital diaphragmatic hernias in children]. PMID- 6521337 TI - [Intraperitoneal rupture of the bladder in a child]. PMID- 6521338 TI - [Scrotal granuloma caused by Enterobius]. PMID- 6521340 TI - [Analysis of the fatal outcome in strangulated external abdominal hernias]. PMID- 6521339 TI - [Surgical treatment of postoperative ventral hernias after appendectomy]. PMID- 6521341 TI - [Prevention of recurrent inguinal hernia]. PMID- 6521342 TI - [Diseases of the epiploic appendages]. PMID- 6521343 TI - [Unsolved problems in the diagnosis of acute appendicitis]. PMID- 6521345 TI - [Tactics in acute and chronic appendicitis]. PMID- 6521344 TI - [Role of non-clostridial anaerobic infection in suppurative cholangitis]. PMID- 6521346 TI - [Causes of fatal outcome of acute appendicitis]. PMID- 6521347 TI - [Intestinal fistula after appendectomy]. PMID- 6521348 TI - [Duration of temporary disability in acute appendicitis]. PMID- 6521349 TI - [Intestinal fistula after emergency laparotomy]. PMID- 6521350 TI - [Prediction of 2 years' survival of patients with cancer of the colon and rectum after radical surgery]. PMID- 6521351 TI - [Surgical treatment of patients with chronic fissure in ano]. PMID- 6521352 TI - [Liver function in patients with nonspecific ulcerative colitis]. PMID- 6521353 TI - [Functional and roentgenological studies of the anorectal area in intestinal diseases]. PMID- 6521354 TI - [Paraesophageal hernias of the esophageal aperture of the diaphragm]. PMID- 6521355 TI - [Laparocentesis in the diagnosis of closed abdominal injuries]. PMID- 6521356 TI - [Use of biocompatible resorptive films with drug fillers in abdominal surgery]. PMID- 6521357 TI - [Treatment of pseudarthroses and ununited fractures of the forearm bones using revascularized autotransplantation of the cortical layer of the fibula]. PMID- 6521358 TI - Cardiovascular and adrenal sensitivity to angiotensin II in essential hypertension. AB - Regulation of aldosterone secretion by sodium chloride is impaired in a group of essential hypertensives: high-salt diet fails to suppress aldosterone in these patients despite low renin values. The mechanism of this impaired regulation of aldosterone has not been clarified so far. We tested the sensitivity of aldosterone secretion and blood pressure to A II in 20 normotensive controls (aged 20-60, MAP 92 +/- 3 mm Hg), in ten normotensives with one or two parents with hypertension, and in 21 patients with essential hypertension (aged 17-65, MAP 119 +/- 4 mm Hg). After a period of 6 days on high-salt intake (300-320 mEq Na+/day), A II (0.1, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 ng/kg/min) was infused, each concentration for 30 min. According to aldosterone excretion during sodium loading, patients were divided into group A with complete suppression (n = 12, aldosterone excretion 3.6 +/- 0.4 microgram/day) and in group B with insufficient suppression (n = 9, aldosterone excretion 15.5 +/- 2.3 micrograms/day). Despite similarly low plasma renins, rise of serum aldosterone levels during A II infusion was significantly higher in group B patients than in group A patients and normotensive controls. Rise in mean arterial blood pressure, however, brought about by graded A II infusion was similar in both groups of hypertensives and in normotensive controls. The results demonstrate an increased adrenal sensitivity to A II in a subgroup of essential hypertensives only. A similar adrenal hypersensitivity to A II found by others in patients with hyperaldosteronism due to adrenal hyperplasia supports the hypothesis that the same mechanism underlies both disorders. PMID- 6521359 TI - Tryptophan-induced lowering of blood pressure and changes of serotonin uptake by platelets in patients with essential hypertension. AB - Oral tryptophan loading and serotonin (5-HT) uptake by platelets were investigated as an approach to the study of central serotonergic mechanisms in patients with essential hypertension. Single oral doses of L-tryptophan (50 mg/kg body weight) lowered blood pressure significantly 90-120 min after administration in 14 patients with essential hypertension, but not in normotensive controls. Baseline measurements (without tryptophan loading) of 5-HT uptake by platelets did not differ between hypertensive and normotensive persons. Whereas L tryptophan changed the uptake kinetics and increased 5-HT uptake in normal controls, these effects were not observed--or occurred to a much lesser degree- in hypertensive patients. It is suggested that in human essential hypertension central serotonergic mechanisms are involved in pathogenetic mechanisms. The tryptophan-induced lowering of blood pressure could be attributable to the enhancement of central 5-HT synthesis. PMID- 6521360 TI - The inhibition of drug metabolism by cimetidine in patients with liver cirrhosis. AB - The effect of cimetidine treatment, 1 g daily over 6 days, on the disposition of theophylline was studied in nine patients with liver cirrhosis and in nine patients without liver disease. Plasma elimination half-life tended to increase from 14.6 +/- 8.2 h to 24.3 +/- 14.1 h in the cirrhotic patients (P greater than 0.05) and from 8.3 +/- 4.2 h to 10.3 +/- 4.1 h in the control patients (P less than 0.05). Total plasma clearance decreased from 0.50 +/- 0.23 ml/kg/min to 0.41 +/- 0.21 ml/kg/min (P less than 0.05) in the cirrhotics and from 0.77 +/- 0.34 ml/kg/min to 0.58 +/- 0.18 ml/kg/min (P less than 0.05) in the controls. Pretreatment clearance values were also significantly reduced in the cirrhosis group. No change was observed in the volume of distribution of theophylline. The degree of inhibition of theophylline metabolism did not depend on whether the patients were smokers, or whether they had low pretreatment clearance values. In liver cirrhosis, inhibition of drug metabolism by cimetidine varies widely and is unpredictable in the individual patient. PMID- 6521361 TI - [Course of contraction during physiological and ventricular pacemaker stimulation]. AB - Phase imaging of gated radionuclide ventriculography was applied to the identification of cardiac activation patterns in patients with sinus rhythm (n = 14) or with ventricular (VVI)- (n = 28), atrial (AAI)- (n = 3) or AV-sequential (DDD)-pacing (n = 17). In patients with sinus rhythm, AAI- or DDD-pacing, analysis revealed homogeneous distribution of phase across both ventricles. In VVI-pacing a left bundle branch block configuration of the ventricular activation was found in 21 of 28 patients. In 7 of 28 patients phase distribution indicated a simultaneous activation of both ventricles (with or without delimitation of the apex of the right ventricle). This is of clinical importance because artificial spread of excitation and asynchronous contraction during VVI-pacing may be responsible for higher myocardial oxygen demand. Retrograde conduction in VVI pacing was found in 9 of 28 patients. Phase analysis provides a reliable method for evaluation of pacing-induced activation patterns. PMID- 6521363 TI - [Genetically caused and rare forms of dyslipoproteinemias]. PMID- 6521362 TI - Aggregate formation of erythrocytes and diabetic retinopathy in children, adolescents, and adults with diabetes mellitus (type I). AB - In vitro measurements were carried out to study the aggregation of erythrocytes in 33 children and young adolescents, three older adolescents, and 38 adults with type I diabetes. The aggregate formation of erythrocytes in stasis was increased in adult patients with both "good" and "poor" metabolic control when compared to control values. The aggregation of red cells in all children and the younger adolescents, both those under good and poor metabolic control, did not statistically differ from those of controls. Each of the three older adolescents showed an increased aggregate formation of their erythrocytes compared to controls. All adult patients under poor metabolic control exhibited various stages of diabetic retinopathy as shown by fluorescence angiography. Only one child under poor metabolic control showed an early stage of retinopathy (stage I according to Malone). The three older adolescents showed an increased aggregate formation of their erythrocytes. These patients exhibited also stage I of retinopathy. We suggest that the increased aggregation of erythrocytes of both adult and older adolescent patients may be one of the reasons for the development of diabetic retinopathy. Moreover, the normal erythrocyte aggregation of the diabetic children and younger adolescents could help to explain the rare occurrence of microangiopathies in childhood diabetes. PMID- 6521364 TI - [Rare complication in disopyramide treatment]. PMID- 6521365 TI - [Practical problems of pharmacokinetics]. PMID- 6521366 TI - [Unusual manifestation of pulmonary thromboembolism]. PMID- 6521367 TI - [Differentiation of the status asthmaticus in myocardial infarct patients]. PMID- 6521368 TI - [2 cases of myxoma of the left atrium with arterial and venous thrombosis]. PMID- 6521369 TI - [Acute idiopathic myocarditis with rupture of the spleen]. PMID- 6521371 TI - [Chronic diffuse liver diseases]. PMID- 6521370 TI - [Case of Madelung's syndrome]. PMID- 6521372 TI - [Alcoholic lesions of the heart]. PMID- 6521373 TI - [Use of analogy in clinical diagnosis]. PMID- 6521374 TI - [Arrest of a sudden rise in arterial pressure with nifedipine (corinfar)]. PMID- 6521375 TI - [Endogenous opioid peptides in borderline arterial hypertension]. PMID- 6521376 TI - [Collateral circulation of patients with coronary artery occlusion]. PMID- 6521377 TI - [Transmural myocardial infarct and heart rupture]. PMID- 6521378 TI - [Analysis of mortality in pulmonary thromboembolism]. PMID- 6521379 TI - [Long-term observation of Romano-Ward syndrome in 3 generations]. PMID- 6521380 TI - [Assessment of the degree of severity of the cardiac type of neurocirculatory dystonia]. PMID- 6521381 TI - [Role of the cardiovascular system in adaptation to a physical load]. PMID- 6521382 TI - [Manifestations of atherosclerosis of the cerebral vessels and their relation to mental changes in patients with a history of myocardial infarct]. PMID- 6521383 TI - [Cerebral hemodynamic function in patients with ischemic heart disease complicated by the tachysystolic form of atrial fibrillation]. PMID- 6521384 TI - [Lipid peroxidation of the blood neutrophils of patients with an ischemic insult and myocardial infarct and of their relatives]. PMID- 6521385 TI - [Phase analysis of left ventricular systole in subjects given a diagnosis of primary rheumocarditis in childhood]. PMID- 6521386 TI - [Hyperbaric oxygenation in the therapy of pulmonary circulatory disorders in patients with acquired heart defects]. PMID- 6521388 TI - [Clinical evaluation of puncture and catheterization of the subclavian vein]. PMID- 6521387 TI - [The potassium deficiency problem]. PMID- 6521389 TI - [Diagnostic potentials of capillaroscopy in heart failure]. PMID- 6521390 TI - [Differential diagnosis of erysipelas]. PMID- 6521391 TI - [Differentiated therapy of cholecystitis]. PMID- 6521393 TI - [Chronic alcoholism and internal diseases]. PMID- 6521392 TI - [Development of research skills during the initial specialization period of physician-therapeutists]. PMID- 6521394 TI - [Surgical problems in geriatrics]. PMID- 6521395 TI - [Clinico-endoscopic variants of bronchoasthmatic status and its differential treatment]. PMID- 6521396 TI - [Evaluation of the immune reactivity of bronchial asthma patients]. PMID- 6521397 TI - [Risk factors for the development of status asthmaticus in bronchial asthma patients and ways of preventing it]. PMID- 6521398 TI - [Anaphylactic form of status asthmaticus in bronchial asthma]. PMID- 6521399 TI - [Volumetric type of whole body plethysmography in the diagnosis of bronchial asthma]. PMID- 6521400 TI - [Clinical characteristics of drug-induced fever]. PMID- 6521401 TI - [Etiology of allergic urticaria]. PMID- 6521402 TI - [Changes in homeostasis in acute pneumonia]. PMID- 6521403 TI - [Activity of glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase in the blood in nonspecific inflammatory diseases of the lungs]. PMID- 6521404 TI - [Effect of becotide on the immune reactivity of patients with chronic obstructive bronchitis]. PMID- 6521406 TI - [Cybernetic analysis of bicycle ergometry polycardiograms in chronic obstructive bronchitis]. PMID- 6521405 TI - [Relation between exacerbation of inflammation and infection in chronic bronchitis]. PMID- 6521407 TI - [Experience with the treatment of suppurative-destructive diseases of the lungs]. PMID- 6521408 TI - [Mycobacteriosis of the lungs]. PMID- 6521409 TI - [Clinical features of acute gasoline pneumonia]. PMID- 6521410 TI - [Case of ulcerative tuberculosis of the tongue]. PMID- 6521411 TI - [Itsenko-Cushing syndrome in lung cancer]. PMID- 6521412 TI - [Case of Goodpasture's syndrome]. PMID- 6521413 TI - [Treatment of patients with acute pneumonia]. PMID- 6521414 TI - Subcellular distribution of acid DNase of rat submandibular gland. PMID- 6521415 TI - Two cases of intracranial malignant lymphoma--clinical and pathological differences in intracerebral infiltration between primary intracranial lymphoma and systemic malignant lymphoma. PMID- 6521416 TI - A case of choroid plexus papilloma in the lateral ventricle, complicated by a neuroepithelial cyst in the posterior fossa in a newborn infant. PMID- 6521417 TI - Effects of aniracetam, a nootropic drug, in senile dementia--a preliminary report. PMID- 6521418 TI - Sequential system failure after abdominal surgery--an important problem in postoperative care. PMID- 6521419 TI - A case report of eosinophilic granuloma of the stomach. PMID- 6521420 TI - Pathogenesis of "nephrotic crisis" in children. PMID- 6521421 TI - The presence or absence of melanocytes in the human optic nerve and its meningeal sheaths. PMID- 6521422 TI - Experimental pulmonary embolism with Schistosoma japonicum eggs. II. Pulmonary lesions in rabbits infected with Schistosoma japonicum. PMID- 6521423 TI - Carcinoembryonic antigen in cerebrospinal fluid--its diagnostic value in neoplasms of the central nervous system. PMID- 6521424 TI - Decompressive hemicraniectomy for acute subdural hematoma. PMID- 6521425 TI - Experimental central serous chorioretinopathy. IV: Fluorescein angiography and electron microscopy during spontaneous healing process. PMID- 6521426 TI - Characteristics of a new hairless mutation (bald) in rats. AB - Hereditarily hairless rats have been maintained by sibmatings since 1973. These animals were termed "bald rats", and examined for their characteristics on genetics, physiological, hematological and clinical chemistry values and histology. The bald rats began to lose their hair at approximately three weeks of age. At five weeks of age, the skin was devoid of all general body hair except for the vibrissae, and the skin became wrinkled at two months of age. Histologically, follicular cysts were observed in a large number, from three months of age onward. The bald condition was a simple recessive character (ba); homozygous animals lost hair and heterozygous ones did not. The bald females attained sexual maturity around eight weeks of age and littered normally, but failed to nurse their young. The incapability of supplying sufficient milk supposedly resulted from the mammary glands that involuted after delivery. The bald animals consumed more food but showed lower values for body weights, plasma triglyceride, and epididymal adipose tissue amount than the haired animals. In addition, the bald males had brown adipose tissue in the interscapulum which was histologically activated as in newborn animals. Aged bald animals showed spontaneous tumors of the thymus, pituitary, testis, uterus, mammary gland, and skin. The incidence of skin tumors was much higher than those of tumors of other origins. PMID- 6521428 TI - Diagnostic exercise. Cutaneous acariasis. PMID- 6521427 TI - Morphologic characteristics of the skin of bald mutant rats. AB - The skin of a new hairless mutation in the rat termed "bald" was examined histologically and enzyme histochemically with animals from three weeks to 18 months of age. The loss of hair in homozygous (bald) rats proved to occur as follows: a club hair rising within the hair follicle in the first catagen phase was not anchored and fell out due to dilatation of the follicular lumen. In the skin of bald rats from two to three months of age on, two types of cyst developed, one from the infundibulum of the hair follicle and the other from a lower follicular portion left in the dermis. Each had histologic patterns different from each other. The wall of the former cyst contained various-sized keratohyaline granules in a large number, while the latter was keratinized without granules. In addition to cyst formation, foreign-body granulomas frequently appeared from three months of age on, originating from degenerated follicular portions in the dermis. In advanced cases after 12 months of age, the granulomatous lesions were sharply demarcated from the other tissue. Histochemically, acid phosphatase activity was observed in the skin of bald rats, in the wall of the dilated hair follicles and the cystic wall where progressive keratinization with age occurred. This enzymatic activity tended to heighten as keratinization proceeded. PMID- 6521429 TI - A pathological study in cynomolgus monkeys infected with Edesonfilaria malayensis. AB - The host response to natural infection with Edesonfilaria malayensis in six female adult cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) imported from Indonesia was examined retrospectively by histopathology and clinical investigations. Reduced values of hemoglobin and hematocrit, an increased number of eosinophils, an elevated level of total protein and a decrease in A/G ratio were noted in hematological and blood chemical examinations of the infected animals. The filarial worms inhabited subserosal connective tissues of the abdominal and the thoracic cavities but not the lumina of the body cavities. There was thickening of the connective tissues, hemorrhage and adhesion of the serosa in the site occupied by the worms and the cysts. Histopathologically, proliferation of the connective tissues and/or granulation tissues, infiltration of eosinophils, lymphocytes and other cells associated with inflammation and hemorrhage were observed. The worms occasionally caused mechanical damage in nearby tissues such as the pancreas and the iliopsoas muscle. In addition, splenic nodules were found in five of the six infected monkeys as a secondary lesion specifically related to the infection with Edesonfilaria malayensis. PMID- 6521430 TI - Villus atrophy and malabsorption in a rhesus monkey. AB - Villus atrophy involving the proximal small intestine was diagnosed in a rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta) at necropsy. A juvenile, male, captive-born monkey exhibited weight loss, hypoalbuminemia, patchy alopecia, eosinophilia, and vomiting. D-xylose absorption was impaired. Contrast radiography revealed thickening of the gastric and intestinal walls, gaseous distension of intestines and a rapid transit rate. There was no clinicopathologic evidence of involvement of organs other than the gastrointestinal tract. The intestinal villus atrophy was similar in distribution and morphology to that of human celiac disease. PMID- 6521431 TI - Calcinosis circumscripta in two rhesus monkeys. AB - Firm multilobular subcutaneous masses were observed in two female rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta). Both masses were excised surgically, but reoccurred within three months. Histologically, multiple loculi of calcified material surrounded by inflammatory cells and fibrous tissue were apparent. A diagnosis of calcinosis circumscripta was made. The gross and histologic appearance of this disease resembles that reported in several species. PMID- 6521432 TI - Procedure for intrapleural implantation in mice by thoracotomy. AB - An intrapleural implantation procedure by thoracotomy was developed for application in mice. Animal survival was found to depend on the following: (A) slow induction and quick reversal of a pneumothorax by controlled pleural air injection and withdrawal, (B) keeping the pleura open for the shortest possible time by quick insertion of the implant and immediate tight closure with prepositioned sutures, and (C) use of the right, not the left, pleural cavity especially for maximum size implants which for a 30-gram mouse was 12 X 5 X 4 mm. Surgical and postsurgical mortality was below 5% (n = over 300). PMID- 6521433 TI - A new technique for intragastric dosing of rats with solid test substances. AB - A new technique was used to dose rats intragastrically with a solid test substance that could not be administered via a solution or by suspension in an appropriate vehicle. The technique uses common laboratory supplies and inexpensive plastic cocktail straws. PMID- 6521434 TI - Deficiencies and improvement of methemoglobin assay. AB - A day-to-day variability in results was encountered when using the Dubowski method for the routine clinical determination of methemoglobin in blood. Therefore, studies were performed to determine the source(s) of variability in the method as described by Dubowski. It was determined that complete lysing of red blood cells is dependent upon both temperature of the buffer and the amount of lysing agent. Low buffer temperatures (less than 14 degrees C) produced highly variable results. This variability can be reduced by increasing the level of lysing agent to 40 mg per 20 mL of diluted blood. It was found that by using 37 degrees C buffer solution temperature and 40 mg Triton X-100 as lysing agent per 20 mL of diluted blood (1:20 with 0.25M sodium phosphate buffer, pH 7.4), the precision (percent coefficient of variation = 2%) and the accuracy (percent coefficient variation = 5.5%) were excellent. PMID- 6521435 TI - Analysis of ethchlorvynol (Placidyl): evaluation of a comparison performed in a clinical laboratory. AB - Common techniques for analyzing ethchlorvynol (Placidyl) by colorimetry and gas liquid chromatography are evaluated. Matrix effects are thoroughly examined to determine their contribution to the validity of results. PMID- 6521436 TI - Inhibition of methadone and phenobarbital percutaneous absorption by parenterally administered ethanol. AB - Four hours after the topical administration of either aqueous methadone hydrochloride or sodium phenobarbital to hairless (SKH, hr-1/hr-1) mice, the mean drug concentration in liver was significantly lower in ethanol-treated mice than in control animals that had received only water (methadone study, p less than 0.01; phenobarbital study, p less than 0.02). No statistically significant difference was noted between the mean concentrations for test and control mice when either methadone or phenobarbital were given by intraperitoneal injection instead of topically, suggesting that ethanol inhibits the percutaneous absorption of these drugs in vivo. PMID- 6521438 TI - Determination of 19 chlorophenols by packed-column gas chromatography. AB - The use of packed columns has been explored for the gas chromatographic separation and identification of all 19 chlorophenol congeners after acetylation. Numerous mixtures of polar or nonpolar packings with either of two commercial Bentone 34 mixtures were tested. A mixture of 5% OV-101, 1.75% Bentone 34 on Chrom W-HP (100/120) mixed with twice its weight of 3% OV-225 on 100/120 Supelcoport separated all 19 congeners. PMID- 6521437 TI - A study of derivative spectrophotometry for the determination of carboxyhemoglobin in blood. AB - An application of derivative spectrophotometry to the determination of carboxyhemoglobin (HbCO) in blood was examined. The 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th derivative spectra were recorded in the Soret region for HbCO, reduced hemoglobin (Hb), and their mixed solution. The 4th derivative spectrum had the highest sensitivity to the change of HbCO-Hb ratio in the solution. A maximum point of the 4th derivative curve was employed for the HbCO determination. Blood samples with varied HbCO concentrations were analyzed using this technique and the results were compared with those obtained by conventional spectrophotometric and gas chromatographic procedures. The derivative method was in satisfactory agreement with both procedures. PMID- 6521439 TI - A death from fentanyl overdose. AB - A case of death from self-injection of fentanyl and a method for its detection in autopsy specimens are reported. Fentanyl was measured by extraction of biological samples with ethyl acetate, partitioning into 0.1N HCl, then reextracting into ethyl acetate after alkalinization of the acid phase. After reducing to a residue, the fentanyl was measured by selective ion monitoring gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Concentrations of 4.8, 6.3, and 4.7 micrograms/L were found in blood, urine, and bile, respectively. PMID- 6521440 TI - Health for all in Asia by the year 2000. PMID- 6521441 TI - The obese child. PMID- 6521442 TI - The child with headache. PMID- 6521443 TI - The child with fever. PMID- 6521444 TI - Child with bleeding problems I: Physiological and biochemical mechanisms of haemostasis. PMID- 6521445 TI - Meningitis in Singapore infants and children. PMID- 6521446 TI - Use of ketamine anaesthesia in children undergoing computerised tomography. PMID- 6521447 TI - The application and evaluation of a chromatographic method for globin chain biosynthesis in thalassaemias in Singapore. PMID- 6521448 TI - Screening for haemoglobinopathies/thalassaemia utilising haematologic indices. PMID- 6521449 TI - Biliary atresia: a preliminary report of cases managed in the Department of Pediatric Surgery: April 1980-September 1983. PMID- 6521450 TI - Acute gastroenteritis in Singapore--a 12 month retrospective study. PMID- 6521452 TI - Conversion of regression equations into SI units. PMID- 6521451 TI - The effect of oral glucose load on glycosylated haemoglobin levels. PMID- 6521453 TI - Flexion creases in soles of Singaporean newborns. PMID- 6521454 TI - Effects of reducing low-frequency amplification on consonant perception in quiet and noise. AB - The aim of this study was to assess the effect of low-frequency amplification on speech recognition performance by hearing-impaired listeners. Consonant identification performance by subjects with flat hearing losses and high frequency hearing losses was assessed in three different hearing aid conditions, in quiet and noise. The experimental hearing aids all provided extra high frequency amplification but differed in the amount of low-frequency amplification. The results showed that listeners with flat hearing losses benefited by low-frequency amplification, whereas subjects with high-frequency hearing losses exhibited deteriorating scores in conditions with greatest low frequency amplification. Analyses of phonetic feature perception and individual consonant recognition scores revealed subtle interactions between hearing loss configuration and amplification contour. PMID- 6521455 TI - Anticipatory imagery ability in normal and language-disabled children. AB - The literature on cognitive functioning of language-disabled children suggests that they exhibit specific disabilities in nonlinguistic as well as linguistic domains. These disabilities have been hypothesized to be related to deficits in cognitive representational ability. Anticipatory imagery and spatial representation have been reported as two nonlinguistic representational areas in which language-disordered children are deficient. The present study compared normal and language-disabled children on spatial representation tasks involving anticipatory imagery. Five spatial tasks were administered to two groups of 7 1/2 9 1/2-year-old children matched on sex, age, native language, and racial background. One group included 18 language-disabled children and the other group 18 children with normal language development. The language-disabled were less accurate than the normal children on all tasks which involved anticipation or prediction of mental rotations, movements, or other transformations. The results of this study suggest difficulty with dynamic cognitive representation in the linguistic and nonlinguistic deficits demonstrated by language-disabled children. PMID- 6521456 TI - Reproducibility and variability of speech muscle activity in athetoid dysarthria of cerebral palsy. AB - Athetoid dysarthria is thought to result from involuntary movements which are variable and irregular in nature. In this study, electromyographic (EMG) activity recorded from six speech muscles was quantified during repetitions of a test sentence by normal and athetoid adult subjects. In the athetoid subjects the articulation of the test sentence was disrupted intermittently by involuntary activity which usually occurred in the time intervals between the syllables in the test sentence, rather than during articulation of the syllables themselves. The EMG activity associated with each syllable in the test sentence was partitioned into reproducible and variable components. The ratio of the reproducible component to the variable component--the signal-to-noise ratio--did not differ significantly between the two subject groups. In the athetoid subjects, however, the reproducible component of the EMG activity was grossly abnormal. We concluded that this abnormal voluntary activity, rather than variable involuntary activity, was the primary cause of athetoid dysarthria. PMID- 6521457 TI - Sidetone amplification, noise, and stuttering. AB - In the present study, 24 stutterers and 24 matched nonstutterers spoke spontaneously under conditions of quiet, noise (60, 80, 100 dB SPL re .0002 dynes/cm2), and amplified sidetone (0, +10, +20 dB SPL re .0002 dynes/cm2). All 24 stutterers and 23 of the 24 nonstutterers experienced a decrease in vocal intensity from quiet to 20 dB amplified sidetone. All the nonstutterers and 23 of the stutterers experienced an increase in vocal intensity from quiet to 100 dB noise. As a group, the stutterers experienced a significant decrease in stuttering in the noise conditions; however, with regard to the amplified sidetone conditions, only those stutterers who experienced noise first showed a significant reduction in stuttering during amplified sidetone. PMID- 6521458 TI - Temporal integration of tone glides by children with auditory-memory and reading problems. AB - Temporal auditory integration for short-duration, frequency-varying signals was examined in children with deficits in auditory memory and reading. Signals were similar to those previously used: a fixed-frequency tone, a tone glide rising in frequency, and a tone glide falling in frequency. No significant differences were found between the Experimental and Control groups' thresholds as a function of signal class (i.e., fixed-frequency or tone glide) or duration. In addition, a significant asymmetry in the thresholds of short-duration rising and falling tone glides was found for both groups. Falling tone glides were detected at higher intensities than were rising tone glides. Data from this study indicated this particular group of children with auditory memory and reading problems was able to detect simple and complex short-duration signals in a manner similar to normal children. PMID- 6521459 TI - Interactive basis of severely handicapped and normal children's acquisition of referential language. AB - The purpose of this study was to compare the interactions of prelinguistic severely handicapped children and their caregivers to the interactions of prelinguistic normal children and their mothers. The children were matched for level of sensorimotor development. Comparisons were made with regard to the children's use of gestures, patterns of play, and natural opportunities for developmentally appropriate communicative stimulation. These comparisons were based on observations of each child and his caregiver during a 30-min period of naturalistic play. Overall, no significant differences were found between the children's use of prelinguistic gestures or in their patterns of play. Significant differences were found, however, between the communicative environments of the two groups of children. The severely handicapped children experienced significantly fewer opportunities to hear labels for the objects of their attention or to observe functional object demonstrations. Both the theoretical implications and the practical applications of these findings were considered. PMID- 6521460 TI - Some environmental factors and hypotheses for stuttering in families with several stutterers. AB - Individuals in families with several stutterers (five or more) and individuals in families with no stutterers were the basis of a broad study designed to elucidate both genetic and nongenetic factors relevant to stuttering. In order to examine both nongenetic hypotheses regarding the etiology of stuttering as well as environmental factors possibly predisposing to stuttering, data were collected using two structured case-history interviews and four self-report inventories. We were unable to identify prenatal, developmental, or medical factors that distinguish stutterers from their nonstuttering family members. Further, we found no evidence of (a) anxiety levels differing among stutterers, their nonstuttering family members, and nonstuttering controls; (b) familial attitudes toward speech differing between nonstuttering family members and those of nonstuttering controls; or (c) ratings of parental behavior or children's traits which distinguished stutterers from nonstuttering family members. PMID- 6521462 TI - Simplification of /s/ + stop consonant clusters: a developmental perspective. AB - This longitudinal study examined individual patterns and changes in /s/ + stop cluster simplifications of six normally developing children. Subjects produced selected words containing initial voiced and voiceless stops and /s/ + stop clusters at monthly intervals. Speech samples were transcribed phonetically, and voice onset times (VOT) of the stop consonants were measured. The results revealed that subjects reduced clusters most frequently to stop consonants with short-lag VOTs. However, two children also occasionally employed prevoicing, and one subject used long-lag VOTs in cluster-reduced stops. Because cluster-reduced stops and voiced singleton stops were generally produced with similar VOTs, it was concluded that subjects represented clustered stops most frequently as phonemically voiced. PMID- 6521461 TI - Reflectivity bias in picture-pointing grammatical comprehension tasks. AB - Two studies, one correlational and one experimental, supported the hypothesis that 4- and 5-year-olds' performance on a picture-pointing grammatical comprehension task administered under standard procedures is highly influenced by reflectivity style. In the first study, a substantial correlation was obtained between reflectivity and picture-pointing grammatical comprehension task performance. This correlation was significantly greater than that between reflectivity and object-manipulation grammatical comprehension task performance. In the second study, a reflectivity-promoting but grammatically irrelevant modification in the administration of the picture-pointing task resulted in significantly improved comprehension scores and a significantly lower correlation with reflectivity. PMID- 6521463 TI - Eye movements of stuttering and nonstuttering children during silent reading. AB - During the silent reading of a 320-word passage, the eye movements of 22 grade school stutterers and 22 nonstutterers were recorded by means of a computer controlled eye-marker. The recordings were made as a means of determining if the eye movements of the two groups differed and if the differences suggested that the young stutterers showed evidence of word-specific expectancy. Frame-by-frame analysis of the recordings revealed that the stuttering children displayed significantly more eye fixations and eye regressions than the nonstuttering children. The correlations among the different types of eye measures also varied between the subject groups. The differences observed were present despite the fact that the reading level of the two groups was age appropriate and the subjects sampled did not differ significantly in either reading errors or comprehension. These findings are like those previously found when stuttering and nonstuttering adults were similarly tested. They imply that expectancy is not the response province of older stutterers. PMID- 6521464 TI - Stereotype formation by inference: a possible explanation for the "stutterer" stereotype. AB - The purpose of this study was to test a hypothesis concerning the origin of the stereotype of the stuttering personality. According to this hypothesis the stereotype is formed by inference from beliefs about the internal variables that accompany disfluencies resembling stuttering on occasions when they occur in normally fluent speakers. This hypothesis leads to the prediction that ratings of the personality of the typical adult male stutterer will be similar to ratings of the internal state of a normally fluent speaker during a transitory spell of disfluent speech. This prediction was tested by obtaining ratings of each of these targets, using the 25 bipolar rating scales employed in previous research on this topic, from two groups each of 40 students. As predicted, the mean ratings of each target were highly correlated across the scales. These results imply that the stereotype of the stuttering personality, although mainly negative, may be derived not from motivational factors, but from judgments made under uncertainty. PMID- 6521465 TI - Discriminability of the quality of amplitude-compressed speech. AB - In an earlier experiment on intelligibility of amplitude-compressed speech, subjects could not hear a difference between noncompressed speech and speech under some conditions of compression. Therefore, compression conditions were determined in which the quality of the two types of speech could be distinguished. When speech average level was 10 dB above a masking noise, compression ratio (CR) was equal to 2.5, and the attack time (Ta) was 3 ms, the release time (Tr) had to be shorter than 120 ms to achieve discrimination by trained normal-hearing subjects. With longer attack times and/or higher compression ratios, the critical value of release times increased. Thus, the range in which the discrimination was observed also increased (for CR = 5 and Ta = 10 ms, the critical Tr was 360 ms). The discrimination of our hearing-impaired subjects was much worse than that of the normal-hearing subjects. For example, speech processed with CR = 10, Ta = 1 ms, and Tr = 10 ms could be distinguished from the noncompressed by only 50% of the impaired subjects. PMID- 6521466 TI - Acoustic differentiation of laryngeal, esophageal, and tracheoesophageal speech. AB - This investigation was designed to determine if a multivariate acoustic classifier could effectively discriminate group membership for 15 tracheoesophageal, esophageal, and laryngeal speakers. Seven intensity, 10 frequency, and 13 duration measures were quantified from recorded voice samples. Using principal components analysis, a subset of the 13 least redundant acoustic and temporal measures was systematically selected from the 30 original measures and analyzed singly and jointly in terms of its ability to discriminate among the three speaker groups. Discriminant function analysis revealed perfect categorization of the 45 subjects, indicating that the three methods of speech production are acoustically and temporally distinct from one another. The relative importance of the selected variables which, in combination, significantly differentiated the three groups is discussed in relation to physiologic differences among groups and clinical application for postlaryngectomy vocal rehabilitation. PMID- 6521467 TI - Acoustic-reflex adaptation: morphology and half-life data for subjects with normal hearing. AB - Acoustic-reflex adaptation was studied in 35 subjects with normal hearing using nine pure-tone activators (250-6000 Hz) and a broadband-noise activator. The individual subject data generated by the 31-s activators presented 10 dB above the reflex threshold were digitized, corrected for baseline drift and ear canal volume, and analyzed in terms of the acoustic-admittance change in acoustic mmhos and in terms of the percentage of maximum-reflex magnitude. Reflex adaptation increased as a function of frequency. The adaptation functions for the lower frequencies (less than or equal to 1500 Hz) were essentially linear over the 31-s activator period, whereas the functions for the higher frequencies (greater than or equal to 2000 Hz) were curvilinear over the activator period. The experimental half-life data are compared with a theoretical half-life function that was generated to estimate normal acoustic-reflex adaptation as a function of activator frequency. Finally, the means and standard deviations are reported and discussed for (a) the onset time of adaptation, (b) the half-life time, and (c) the percentage of maximum reflex magnitude at 5-s intervals from 5 to 30 s. PMID- 6521468 TI - Production of intonation and contrastive stress in electrolaryngeal speech. AB - Acoustical investigations of intonation and contrastive stress patterns in speech produced with electronic artificial larynges were completed. High-quality tape recordings of sentences spoken by 4 normal speakers, 3 users of the Western Electric 5A electrolarynx, and 2 users of the Servox electrolarynx were subjected to acoustic analysis. All electrolarynx users distinguished stressed from unstressed syllables by varying the duration of syllables and contiguous pauses. One Western Electric 5A speaker also controlled fundamental frequency. This speaker distinguished statements from questions by varying the rate and extent of the initial rising portion of fundamental frequency contours. Findings are interpreted in relation to their implications for clinical intervention and in terms of suggestions for improved design of artificial larynges. PMID- 6521469 TI - Masked and unmasked pure-tone thresholds of infants and adults: development of auditory frequency selectivity and sensitivity. AB - Detection thresholds for pure tones (1000 Hz and 4000 Hz) in noise and in quiet were estimated for infants at 6 months and 12 months of age and for adults. A visually reinforced head-turn procedure under control of a PDP-11/03 minicomputer was used. An adaptive protocol with a 5-dB step size was employed for the threshold estimates. Infant thresholds were poorer than adult thresholds in each condition. In noise, infant-adult differences were 8 dB (6-month-old infants) and 6 dB (12-month-old infants) at each frequency. In quiet, infant-adult differences were 14 dB (6-month-old infants) and 12 dB (12-month-old infants) at 1000 Hz but were only 7 dB (6-month-old infants) and 5 dB (12-month-old infants) at 4000 Hz. The masking data suggest that infants are at only a slight disadvantage in detecting a target in a background of noise and are consistent with a frequency selectivity mechanism that is proportional to that of adults. The detection-in quiet data, with greater correspondence among the groups at 4000 Hz than at 1000 Hz, support the notion that hearing sensitivity varies with frequency in a different way in infants than in adults. Data on task performance reveal significant age effects, and the possibility that such effects have biased the observed differences in the estimates of sensory function among the groups is considered. PMID- 6521470 TI - Prediction of contextual speech intelligibility from isolated word intelligibility measures. AB - The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of two nonlinear formulae posited by Boothroyd (1978) for prediction of contextual intelligibility from measures of isolated word intelligibility with four different sets of speech intelligibility data. Both of Boothroyd's formulae, Pc = 1 - (1 - Pi)2 and Pc = 1 - (1 - Pi)1.5 (1 + Pi), provided excellent fit of measured contextual intelligibility with predicted contextual intelligibility for all sets of data. Attempts to improve correlation coefficients between measured and predicted contextual intelligibility by iterating Boothroyd's suggested exponents did not significantly improve the predictive ability of the original formulae. PMID- 6521471 TI - An alternate method for determining functional gain of hearing aids. AB - The functional gain of a hearing aid typically is determined by comparing aided and unaided behavioral thresholds. With this method, however, true gain may be underestimated in frequency regions of normal or near-normal hearing sensitivity (i.e., in cases of sloping, rising, or trough-shaped audiograms). Internal hearing-aid noise and/or amplified room noise imposes a lower limit on obtainable aided thresholds. In these cases, comparing aided and unaided acoustic-reflex thresholds may be a valuable clinical alternative to traditional means of determining real-ear gain. This study compared sound-field behavioral threshold and acoustic-reflex threshold estimates of functional gain for individuals with a variety of audiometric configurations. The sound-field behavioral threshold measurements were found to underestimate functional gain if unaided thresholds approached the normal hearing range. In regions of greater hearing loss, behavioral and acoustic-reflex estimates of functional gain were in good agreement. PMID- 6521472 TI - The flushing response to alcohol use among Koreans and Taiwanese. AB - Alcohol use, the existence of a flushing response to alcohol and the amount of alcohol required to evoke flushing were studied by questionnaire in 87 homeland Korean and 101 Taiwan Chinese families. SFs (slow flushers--flush after two or more drinks) and FFs (fast flushers--flush after one drink or less) were compared. Despite the similarity in the proportions of subjects who reported flushing, Koreans reported very heavy and Taiwanese very light alcohol use. The two groups differed substantially in the proportions of SFs and FFs. Five ethnic groups in Hawaii were compared with the Koreans and Taiwanese. It appears that fast flushing, but not slow flushing, leads to substantial decreases in alcohol use among all seven groups. The association of flushing type with the extent and duration of flushing and with the frequency of other alcohol-related symptoms may be dose-dependent. For both Koreans and Taiwanese, family resemblances in flushing are substantial but not supportive of the belief that flushing is dominant and results from the influence of a single autosomal gene pair. Of the large groups of subjects from whom data were obtained (Caucasians, Chinese, Filipinos, Hawaiians or part Hawaiians, and Japanese in Hawaii; homeland Koreans; and Taiwan Chinese), the Koreans and Taiwanese differ the most from one another in alcohol consumption. In summary, there is substantial diversity among groups frequently lumped together as "Mongoloid." PMID- 6521473 TI - Stimulus augmenting and field dependence in children of alcoholic fathers. AB - The relationship between paternal alcoholism and two perceptual characteristics, stimulus augmenting and field dependence, was tested in boys and girls aged 10 12. Thirty children of alcoholic fathers, presumed at high risk for the disease because of its familial-genetic component, were compared with 30 children of nonalcoholic parents. Stimulus augmenting was measured by the Kinesthetic Figural After-Effect (KFA) test and field dependence by the Embedded Figures Test (EFT). It was reasoned that the consistent findings of field dependence in alcoholics could be a manifestation of brain damage and the consequent cognitive deficits often found in alcoholics. Thus it was proposed that field dependence would not differentiate the children of alcoholic fathers from those of nonalcoholics. No difference in field dependence was found between the groups, which supports other evidence that alcoholism can lead to field dependence. Since KFA scores revealed a significantly higher incidence of stimulus augmenters in the children of alcoholic fathers, it is proposed that stimulus augmenting is premorbid to alcoholism. It remains unclear, however, whether this phenomenon is due to an environmental or genetic factor. PMID- 6521474 TI - Alcohol-influenced changes in activation peaking during paired-associate verbal learning. AB - Activation response patterning, termed activation peaking, was examined to understand the effects of alcohol intoxication on complex information processing. A total of 23 men social drinkers were divided into alcohol and placebo groups: Ns = 10 and 13, respectively. The alcohol group was administered enough alcohol to obtain blood alcohol levels of at least 10 mg/dl. Heart rate and skin conductance was measured before and during paired-associate learning. Learning consisted of a random presentation of eight letter-word pairs followed by the presentation of letters only, with subjects required to remember the associated word. Results showed a clear pattern of peripheral activation related to verbal learning behavior in the alcohol group, with no differences between the groups in verbal learning performance. PMID- 6521475 TI - Prospective prediction of alcoholism and psychopathology. AB - A child psychiatrist made predictions of adult alcoholism and psychopathology using psychiatric histories obtained in adolescence from men followed prospectively for 40 years. Prediction of psychopathology reached significance but prediction of alcoholism was at chance level. This finding and the frequently suggested possible association between personality type and development of alcoholism are discussed. PMID- 6521476 TI - Age, drinking habits and the effects of alcohol. AB - Some explanations for the common observation that older persons drink less alcohol than younger persons were tested in a sample of 41 men social drinkers aged 19-63. Subjects reported their drinking habits and performed balance beam and bead-stringing tasks under a moderate dose of alcohol (.72 ml absolute alcohol/kg). Self-reports of dose (ml absolute alcohol/kg) on a typical social occasion, and hourly dose (which controlled for individual differences in the duration of these occasions) were found to decline linearly with age. Alcohol absorption and elimination rates in the sample were not significantly related to age. The Ponderal Index (an estimate of percentage of body water in body weight) was negatively correlated with age and with peak blood alcohol levels (BALs). Older subjects had proportionately less body water (i.e., a smaller volume for distribution of alcohol) and obtained higher BALs. When individual differences in BAL were controlled for, the amount of alcohol-induced impairment in task performance was still found to increase significantly with age. This evidence was considered to suggest that a reduction in the volume of distribution for alcohol and an intensified behavioral effect of alcohol may operate jointly to cause older persons to reduce their dose of alcohol on social drinking occasions. PMID- 6521477 TI - Permissible starting age for drinking in four Scandinavian countries. AB - Data on the age at which it is considered permissible to start drinking alcoholic beverages in Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden with peers and with family are analyzed and compared with similar data from California, Mexico, the Netherlands, Ontario, Scotland and Zambia. Of the Swedish population, 63% felt that drinking should be permitted for a 16-year-old girl whereas only 5% of the Zambian population felt similarly. The egalitarian sex norms in industrial countries contrast with the normative expectations in Zambia and Mexico, where the sex of the drinker has a considerable impact on the responses. By international comparison, the current norms about drinking by youth in Scandinavia are quite permissive. This permissiveness is of recent origin, and older age groups are still much less permissive. The normative distance between drinking with peers and with the family is used as an indicator of the integration of drinking with family life. Compared with older respondents, younger respondents accept drinking with the family at a clearly lower age than drinking with peers. Drinking per se is no longer associated with independence, and alcoholic beverages may be becoming culturally integrated with family life in Scandinavia. PMID- 6521478 TI - Effects of feedback on legally intoxicated drivers. AB - College-aged patrons leaving a drinking establishment were given feedback about their blood alcohol level (BAL): 24 were administered a Breathalyzer and were then read a statement on the consequences of driving with their BAL; 21 were shown a large chart and had to determine their own BAL from their weight and number of drinks consumed; and 21 were given no feedback. The two feedback groups were later collapsed. The subjects were also followed unobtrusively to determine whether they drove away from the premises. A total of 24 of the feedback subjects (47%) were legally intoxicated, but 83% of this group nonetheless drove after learning that they were legally intoxicated. In addition, when self-reports of consumption were compared with Breathalyzer BALs, a correlation of .82 was obtained. PMID- 6521479 TI - Legislation raising the legal drinking age in Massachusetts from 18 to 20: effect on 16 and 17 year-olds. AB - The 1979 Massachusetts law raising the legal drinking age from 18 to 20 is examined--the effects on the drinking, drinking and driving, and nonfatal and fatal crash involvement of 16-17 yr-olds, teenagers immediately younger than those targeted by the law. Data from Massachusetts are compared with those from New York State, where the drinking age remained at 18. A total of 3 yr of survey data from the two states and 6 yr of data from the Department of Transportation's Fatal Accident Reporting System provide for pre- and postlaw comparisons. The findings suggest that raising the drinking age had minimal effects on the drinking behavior of Massachusetts teenagers. Although there was a significant reduction in nonfatal crashes in Massachusetts compared with New York, no decline in single-vehicle nighttime fatal crashes or in overall fatal crashes was observed. It is suggested that changes in the drinking age may offer some reduction in teenage driving after drinking and traffic crash involvement, but that teenage drinking and driving after drinking remain serious problems even in states that raise their drinking ages. PMID- 6521480 TI - A "reverence for strong drink": the lost generation and the elevation of alcohol in American culture. AB - Over one-half of famous American authors with reputations for drunkenness were born between 1888 and 1900. Although college students of their generation seem to have been "drier" than earlier or later cohorts, many of the writers were already drinking heavily in college. Several reasons are suggested. After World War I, many fledgling authors spent time in Paris, becoming known as the "lost generation" and adding French and other drinking styles to their existing drinking patterns. Bohemian Americans during Prohibition found a resonance with the residual political symbolism of drinking in France as a statement of autonomy against the state. The community of expatriate writers provided a supportive environment for heavy drinking. In turn, the lost generation became a transmitter of new values concerning drinking to American culture in general. Their writings inadvertently promoted mass middle-class tourism to Paris in the late 1920s. Their lives and works strengthened the association between writing and drinking as a model for later literary generations. Both in written form and as films, their works conveyed an attractive image of drinking and often of drunkenness to the wider public. The decisive shift in drinking patterns among middle-class youth in the late 1920s ushered in a lasting change in the cultural position of drinking, as it became a cosmopolitan, progressive and eventually respectable behavior. At a minimum, the writers of the lost generation served as harbingers, carriers and catalysts of this change. PMID- 6521481 TI - Vocational adjustment patterns of alcohol and drug misusers following treatment. AB - Vocational adjustment following treatment was studied in 77 men patients (39 alcohol and 38 drug misusers) of a residential treatment program for substance misuse. Significantly more patients were employed at discharge from treatment, and at 1, 3 and 6 months postdischarge than at 1 month pretreatment. Patients employed at discharge experienced a significant decrease in employment level at 1, 3 and 6 months postdischarge. Patients who participated in outpatient treatment following discharge had significantly higher levels of employment at 3 months following discharge. Since there is a significant general decrease in employment level during the first 3 months postdischarge, it is suggested that counselors be aware of this as a vocational crisis period. The third through sixth months postdischarge are more stable. The first 3 months are especially important for younger drug misusers with legal problems. Alcoholics may sometimes need added incentive from vocational counselors because they tend to have fewer legal problems than drug misusers and therefore less outside pressure to gain employment. PMID- 6521483 TI - Information content and one point mutations in DNA. AB - It has been suggested recently that data on mutations in human haemoglobin is consistent with the hypothesis that evolution takes place in the direction of increasing informational entropy of DNA. We argue that the mutation data sheds no light on the above hypothesis and show how the data can be understood in terms of random mutation of the bases in DNA. PMID- 6521482 TI - Prevention of alcohol misuse through the development of personal and social competence: a pilot study. AB - Seventh graders (N = 239) from two New York City junior high schools were involved in a 9-month study testing the efficacy of a broad-spectrum approach to prevention of alcohol misuse. The two schools were randomly assigned to experimental and control conditions. The seventh graders in the treatment school received a 20-session program targeted at the major cognitive, attitudinal, social and personality factors believed to promote the early stages of alcohol misuse. The program contained material on decision making, coping with anxiety, general social skills and assertiveness (including techniques for resisting peer pressure to drink) as well as information about the short- and long-term consequences of alcohol misuse. Complete pretest, posttest 1 and posttest 2 data were collected from 167 students (89 women). A significantly greater proportion of the students in the experimental group reported less frequent drinking (p less than .02), less drinking per occasion (p less than .04), and less frequent episodes of drunkenness (p less than .01) than the students in the control group. PMID- 6521484 TI - A global model of the neural mechanisms responsible for visuomotor coordination in toads. AB - A model of how the nervous system of toads processes visual information to control motor behaviour is proposed. The problem of visuomotor coordination in toads is studied through the integration of two different approaches: a top-down approach through schema theory developed in the studies of cognitive psychology, artificial intelligence and brain theory; and a bottom-up approach through the integration of physiological, anatomical, ethological, and neural modelling. The model proposes that visual information is processed in a parallel distributed way through different brain layers whose interaction defines the proper motor response for that specific situation. It is postulated that visual processing of information is organized into main schemata, which set the goal to be attained and, depending on the specific circumstances of the animal, activates different brain layers; the main schemata may use other schemata to solve a specific subproblem to reach the schemata, and a programme of schema co-ordination. With this model we have simulated how toads plan their route to reach a prey or the route to go away form a predator, depending on the state of their three dimensional world. The model postulates specific hypotheses that could be tested experimentally on the processing of information in the toad's nervous system. PMID- 6521485 TI - A physical characterization of biological information and communication system model of ecosystems. AB - What is information for living organisms? An answer to this question is given on a physical basis and a contrast between genetic information and sensory information is stressed with a relation to information theory. A simple model of an environment of living organisms is investigated on the basis of communication systems model proposed by the author and a cost of information transmission is taken into consideration through capacity cost theory. It is shown that channel capacity of information theory can be interpreted as an environment, and furthermore that a large diversity of genetic messages needs a large capacity of the environment. In addition, a definition of life in terms of information is proposed and a unified view on life processes is suggested. PMID- 6521486 TI - Seasonality and period-doubling bifurcations in an epidemic model. AB - The annual incidence rates of some endemic infectious diseases are steady while others fluctuate dramatically, often in a regular cycle. In order to investigate the role of seasonality in driving cycles of recurrent epidemics, we analyze numerically the susceptible/exposed/infective/recovered (SEIR) epidemic model with seasonal transmission. We show that small amplitude periodic solutions exhibit a sequence of period-doubling bifurcations as the amplitude of seasonal variation increases, predicting a transition to chaos of the kind studied in other biological contexts. The epidemiological implication is that the seasonal mechanism generating biennial epidemics may not be able to account for small amplitude recurrent epidemics of arbitrary periodicity. PMID- 6521487 TI - Cyclic permutations in the genetic code, the 4 x 4 magic square and the antiparallelism of DNA. PMID- 6521488 TI - Hydrophobicity parameters and the bitter taste of L-amino acids. AB - The use of hydrophobicity parameters to predict the bitter taste of L-amino acids is discussed. It is concluded that no single hydrophobicity scale can be used to explain the complete range of L-amino acid behavior. PMID- 6521489 TI - Direct and absorption costing in the evolution of life cycles. PMID- 6521490 TI - Biological populations obeying difference equations: the effects of stochastic perturbation. AB - We consider the effects of stochastic perturbation in various components of a finite difference model arising in population biology. In particular, we examine how fluctuation in the net reproductive rate can effect the population dynamics of the system. Computer simulation and some elementary analyses bear out the result that, in the mean, the stochastic dynamics will behave like the deterministic dynamics. This study also answers a currently unanswered conjecture published by the first author in 1977. PMID- 6521491 TI - A growth rate distribution model for the age dependence of human cancer incidence: a proposed role for promotion in cancer of the lung and breast. AB - A biological model is proposed to account for the steep rise of human cancer incidence with age. The model casts in mathematical terms the assumptions that each clone destined to give rise to a detectable tumor displays a characteristic net growth rate and that the assembly of such clones displays a distribution of growth rates. Incidence is introduced as the rate of appearance of clones whose size permits detection. While the cancer formation process may involve a series of stages, we assume that the overall kinetics of tumor detection reflect one stage of development whose duration spans the major portion of the latent period between initial cell alteration and final detection. We further assume that the net growth rates of tumor-forming clones increase in the presence of promotors and resume their original growth rates when the promoting substance is removed. Assuming that cigarette smoke has promoting activity, we show how the model could account for the abrupt impact of cessation of smoking on subsequent lung cancer incidence. If we assume that clones destined to be detected as breast cancers experience promotional activity during the period of a woman's fertility, the model predicts that as a consequence of the slowing down of the clones a discontinuous decline in incidence would follow menopause. Since women experience menopause over a range of ages, we show how aggregating the contributions from these menopausal ages results in an overall age dependence of incidence with no discontinuities and with the observed change in the incidence rate for breast cancer near the age range of menopause. PMID- 6521492 TI - Pharmacopoeia of traditional medicine in Venda. AB - Many researchers in different parts of the world are actively involved in recording the available information on traditional medicine. To contribute to this vast task, we chose Venda, one of the more remote tribes in Southern Africa. We found traditional healing to be very much alive and functioning in this area. Within 2 years of research, we could tabulate 151 medicinal plants with their galenics. Many of the plants listed were frequently used by different healers to treat the same ailment which might substantiate their reliability. On the other hand, certain plants were employed for various indications. Moreover, although the toxic effects of some plants are not included in our list, they are encountered by the Western medical doctors. Therefore, the benefits of compiling such lists on medicinal uses of different plants are twofold. To gain from the positive aspects of the traditional medicine and to eradicate, if possible, the harmful effects of some plants used by the traditional healers. However, during our study, it became clear that the plants used were with some exceptions mainly found in the vicinity of the habitat of the healer or the herbalist. It would therefore be useless to compile a more general pharmacopoeia for the African traditional healing as many of the useful plants in one area cannot be found in another. Hence, a more specific pharmacopoeia for each area would be necessary. PMID- 6521494 TI - Ethnomedicinal plants of Jaunsar-Bawar hills, Uttar Pradesh, India. AB - During an ethnomedicobotanical survey of Jaunsar-Bawar, a hilly tribal inhabited area in Uttar Pradesh, India, it was observed that about 100 plants are being used by the local Jaunsari tribe for the treatment of various ailments. An alphabetical list of these plants is given along with their family, local name, local uses, locality and collection number. PMID- 6521493 TI - Monoamine oxidase inhibitors in South American hallucinogenic plants Part 2: Constituents of orally-active Myristicaceous hallucinogens. AB - Alkaloid constituents in Myristicaceous bark and leaf samples and in purportedly hallucinogenic preparations derived from Myristicaceous sources were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed using TLC, GC, alkaloid precipitation tests and GC/MS. Fourteen of the 27 bark and leaf samples analyzed contained detectable amounts of alkaloids. The major bases were N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT) and/or 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (5-MeO-DMT); much smaller amounts of tryptamine and/or N-methyl-tryptamine (NMT) were also usually present. beta Carbolines were not detected in the bark or leaf samples. Considerable variation in alkaloid profiles was found, extending to different collections of the same species. Fourteen of the 20 Virola samples contained alkaloids; none of the 6 Iryanthera species had detectable alkaloids. Osteophloem platyspermum contained an indolic base, identified as N-methyl-tryptophan methyl ester. Seven samples of an orally-ingested drug made from Virola spp. were analyzed. All except one contained substantial amounts of tryptamines; the types and proportions of tryptamines present varied greatly between samples. Samples of Yanomama snuff including various admixtures were analyzed and all components but one contained tryptamines. The drug samples having the highest concentrations of alkaloids contained 15-20 mg/g dry wt while the Myristicaceous bark and leaf samples had much lower concentrations ranging from 0.04 to 0.25 mg/g dry wt. beta-Carbolines were detected as trace constituents in only two of the Myristicaceous drug samples. Four Myristicaceous paste samples were bioassayed in self-experiments. Two of the samples were devoid of detectable hallucinogenic or physiological activity, while some degree of oral activity was detected in two other samples. The activity of a number of tryptamine derivatives as monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOI) was investigated using an in vitro enzyme assay. Activity was measured using single compounds and mixtures of compounds and the results were compared to the activity of samples of orally-ingested Myristicaceous pastes. Tryptamine derivatives had significantly less MAOI activity than the activity of beta-carboline derivatives measured in a previous study. Some structural correlations for MAOI activity were found for the tryptamine derivatives. Samples of orally-ingested Myristicaceous pastes were assayed for MAOI activity. The inhibition elicited by the paste samples was closely matched by mixtures of tryptamine standards having comparable proportions and concentrations.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6521495 TI - Medico-ethno botany of Mount Abu, Rajasthan, India. AB - Mount Abu, a beautiful hill station on the Aravalli ranges, is bestowed with the richest flora in Western India. Though studies on the flora and vegetation of this area have been completed, ethnobotanical aspects were neglected until the present studies were undertaken. Many unknown or little known uses of 69 species of plants belonging to 63 genera of 37 families have been recorded. PMID- 6521497 TI - ESAO proceedings: European Society for Artificial Organs. Alpbach-Innsbruck, Austria, September 9-12, 1984. PMID- 6521496 TI - Antihepatotoxic actions of papyriogenins and papyriosides, triterpenoids of Tetrapanax papyriferum leaves. AB - Antihepatotoxic actions of the papyriogenins and papyriosides from Tetrapanax papyriferum leaves were examined utilizing carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)- and galactosamine (GalN)-induced cytotoxicity in primary cultured rat hepatocytes. Remarkable antihepatotoxic effects were observed with papyriogenin B, papyriogenin A, propapyriogenin A2, papyriogenin C, 11-dehydropropapyriogenin A2, 16-epi-saikogenin C and propapyriogenin A1 in the CCl4-induced cytotoxicity assay, and papyriogenin A, propapyriogenin A1 and propapyriogenin A2 were active in preventing GalN-induced cytotoxicity although these triterpenoids were rather cytotoxic at a higher dose in the latter assay. Structure-activity relationship is discussed. PMID- 6521502 TI - Intracellular determinants of cell aging. AB - Several important findings have been made since our observation that normal human and animal cells have a finite capacity to replicate and function. Among these are that: an inverse relationship exists between donor age and population doubling potential; more than 100 functional increments and decrements occur in cultured normal human cells before they age and die; normal tissue transplanted seriatim in vivo reveals a finite replicative and functional capacity; a direct relationship may exist between species maximum lifespan and population doubling potential of their cultured fibroblasts; the latent period increases as a function of age; cells from patients with accelerated aging syndromes undergo fewer population doublings than do age matched controls; and cultured fibroblasts from longer lived species have greater DNA repair capacity than do cells from species with shorter lifespans. Efforts to determine the location of the intracellular chronometer that controls these events has shown that the chronometer is intranuclear. The phenomenon of senescence has been found to be dominant over immortality. PMID- 6521504 TI - Age affects the metabolic rate of insect brain. AB - Brains of adult insects can be isolated and studied in vitro. In female blowflies the oxygen uptake of the brain is age dependent. A steady increase is followed by a precipitous decrease around the middle of the little span. These changes are accompanied by alterations of mitochondrial structure and deposits of lipofuscin like material. PMID- 6521503 TI - Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase activity in rat and human lenses and the fate of enzyme molecules in the aging lens. AB - The specific activity of the enzyme glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase declines as a function of age. Immunotitration with monospecific antibodies demonstrated that with age there is an increase of catalytically defective, but antigenically reactive enzyme molecules in the lens. Antiserum, produced against denatured enzyme, removed the inactive molecules from lens homogenates, without effects on the levels of enzyme activity. These studies suggest that inactive enzyme molecules in aging lenses are totally devoid of catalytic activity, and are at least partially denatured. PMID- 6521505 TI - Serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels in progeria as a model of ageing. AB - Hutchinson-Gilford progeria was observed in two brothers. Their parents, sister and other relatives did not show any signs of this illness. Serum total cholesterol and total triglyceride levels were normal in the whole family. The serum high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) level of parents was low and that of boys was extremely low. The serum HDL-C level of the healthy sister and other relatives was normal. These findings in homozygous children and heterozygous parents may explain the development of the very early fatal arteriosclerosis described in this disease. The connection between the disorder of the lipid metabolism and progeria can serve as a useful model in the study of the role of lipid metabolism in normal ageing. PMID- 6521506 TI - Biological and clinical consequences of longitudinal studies in rodents: their possibilities and limitations. An overview. AB - Rats and mice are used in gerontological research primarily because of their relatively short life spans, ease of handling, and the relatively low costs of production and maintenance under controlled environmental conditions of large number of rodents as compared to larger laboratory animal species. They are being used as models for studying intrinsic aging processes, processes that give rise to diseases associated with aging, and the influence of environmental factors on these processes. Contrary to the situation in man, longitudinal studies in rodents can be conducted under well controlled environmental conditions. It has been shown that multiple pathology, the hallmark of aging in man, also occurs in inbred strains of rodents. Some of these lesions are genetically determined and some of them are randomly distributed amongst members of the same inbred strain. Serial killing experiments are necessary to obtain information on the time of development of these lesions in order to interpret properly the outcome of investigations. Furthermore, it has been shown that a considerable variation can exist in the observed maximum ages of the longest-lived animals in cohorts of rats kept under well controlled conditions. For this reason, caution should be exercised in interpreting data from studies which claim maximum lifespan prolongation. PMID- 6521507 TI - The effect of tobacco smoking on the bone mineral content of the ageing skeleton. AB - The relationship between the bone mineral content (BMC) of the heel bone and cigarette smoking has been determined in representative samples of 409 men and 559 women at the age of 70, 75 and 79 in a longitudinal and cohort comparison study. The BMC was measured by dual photon absorptiometry with stationary geometry over the dorsal aspect of the heel bone. The mean values of the BMC for smokers compared to non-smokers were for men about 10-20% lower and for women 15 30% lower in all age groups studied. The difference in body weight between smokers and non-smokers could not explain the lower values of BMC for the smokers. No difference was found in physical activity between the groups. PMID- 6521508 TI - Heterochromatinization as a key factor in aging. AB - An analysis of observations on modifications during aging of the characteristics of chromosomes during the mitotic cycle of their mutations and unscheduled aging leads to the conclusion that enhanced heterochromatinization during aging prevents the action of reparative enzymes, and results in increased numbers of cells with chromosomal aberrations. PMID- 6521509 TI - Antibodies against ss-DNA in persons of various age. AB - Antibodies against denatured, single-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid were measured in the sera of children, young adults and old persons by means of a solid phase enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using a peroxidase-labelled second antibody. Considerable amounts of anti-deoxyribonucleic acid antibodies were found in subjects in all the age groups studied. Mean serum activity in children and old persons was two times as high as that in young adults. Close correlation was observed in old age between the level of antibodies against single-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid and disorders of lipid metabolism, namely hypertriglyceridemia and hypercholesterolemia. Based on their finding that substantial quantities of antibodies of the above type appear to be present in healthy humans at different stages of ontogenesis, the authors suggest these autoantibodies may play, in addition to pathological, some physiological role. PMID- 6521511 TI - The role of the left ventricle in the shape of the arterial pressure wave as affected by age. AB - The role of the heart and its working conditions on the shape of aortic pressure curves was studied by analysis of pressure signals produced at the input of an artificial ejection circuit by 25 isolated working hearts of rats aged 4-22 months. The hearts were paced at five successive heart rates and three levels were imposed for the left auricular perfusion pressure (LAPP). With ageing of the myocardium, increased LAPP and low heart rates, there was an alteration of the pressure wave visual aspect towards a tele-systolic maximum. This modification was regularly associated with significant differences in the harmonic content of the pressure signal. More precisely, there was a bigger increase in the first harmonic amplitude than in the second and third harmonic amplitudes. Because of the physical linearity of the artificial ejection circuit and the controlled working conditions for the heart, it is possible to explain these changes in the pressure wave shape. Lowering of the heart rate is associated with an involvement of a more left part of the circuit impedance curve. Ageing of the myocardium and increased LAPP change the pressure wave shape because they were associated with an increase in left ventricular ejection time. PMID- 6521510 TI - Superoxide dismutase, catalase and lipid peroxidation in liver of young mice of different ages. AB - The lipid peroxidation and activities of main enzymes involved in the peroxide metabolism were measured at resting conditions and after completion of a 2-month treatment with H2O2. At the start of the experiments 1- and 3-month-old female BALB/c mice received either a high dose of H2O2 (0.5% H2O2 in drinking water; intake 12.5 x 10(-3) g/day/mouse) or a low dose of H2O2 (0.5 ml of 0.5% H2O2 by esophageal canula on every alternate day; intake 1.0 x 10(-3) g/day/mouse). The following conclusions can be drawn: a relative higher increase in activity of catalase could be induced at the age of 3 months than at the age of 5 months by a high dose of H2O2. The activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) was not changed by a high dose of H2O2. A moderate increase in the activity of catalase and a remarkable decrease in SOD-activity resulted from a low-dose H2O2 treatment at the age of 5 months. The level of lipid peroxidation was increased by the low dose and not influenced by the high-dose H2O2 treatment in 5-month-old-mice. PMID- 6521512 TI - Interrelation between body composition and endocrine system in healthy elderly people. AB - The body composition of 40 healthy aged and 20 healthy young people was determined using a multi-isotope method. At the same time their hormonal status was assessed. A correlation between the body composition and the endocrine status was investigated. Our results concerning the body composition and the hormonal values correlate with the findings of the literature. A strong correlation was found between the plasma volume and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. The interrelation could explain the reciprocal age related changes of plasma volume and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. No or weak correlation could be found between the body composition and other measured hormones. PMID- 6521513 TI - The influence of persistent crowding on the age changes of behavioral parameters and survival characteristics of rats. AB - One hundred fifty-six male Sprague-Dawley rats were submitted to crowding (12 rats/Makrolon-IV cage) from an age of 5 months onwards. An equal number from the same age cohort served as a control (6 rats/Makrolon-IV cage). As part of an age test program, behavioral parameters (spontaneous motor activity, reactive motor activity and maze-learning ability) were measured at various ages between 8 and 30 months. The rats were sacrificed for additional measurements after the behavioral tests. Survival curves and age-specific mortality rates were calculated for those rats which died spontaneously in the course of the study. Control rats showed a significant decrease in spontaneous motor activity after an age of 18 months. Reactive motor activity of the controls revealed a fall in the number of large movements between 9 and 15 months, whereas the number of small movements increased up to an age of 30 months. Crowding conditions increased significantly both spontaneous and reactive activity. Maze-learning ability declined significantly with age in the controls whereas crowded rats revealed a tendency to better performance which seemed to be submitted to a seasonal rhythm. Crowded rats showed an improved survival characteristic, beginning at an age of 700 days. Mortality curves turned out to be distinct and parallel by straight line regression. It has been concluded that the positive effects of crowding on behavioral parameters and survival could be attributed to a decrease in vulnerability rather than to a lowered rate of aging. PMID- 6521514 TI - In vitro effect of thyroid hormones on lipolysis of rat fat cells during aging. AB - The in vitro effect of triiodothyronine (T3) 10(-5) M upon lipolysis was studied on white fat cells isolated from 1.5-6- and 30-month-old rats. We couldn't see any consistent effect of this hormone upon the basal lipolysis. We observed a T3 effect on epinephrine-stimulated lipolysis on the three groups of animals. After 1 h of incubation the increase of glycerol release varies with the dose of epinephrine; after 3 h the T3 effect persisted only in the 6-month and 30-month groups. PMID- 6521515 TI - [Multiorgan failure secondary to heat stroke: anatomoclinical study]. PMID- 6521516 TI - [Gestation and spontaneous partus with a live fetus in a patient undergoing periodic hemodialysis. Clinical hormonal study]. PMID- 6521518 TI - [Myoclonus induced by metoclopramide]. PMID- 6521517 TI - [Primary fibrinolysis and adenocarcinoma of the prostate: presentation of 2 cases]. PMID- 6521519 TI - [Peripheral tuberculous adenitis]. PMID- 6521520 TI - [The "R's" of bronchial asthma]. PMID- 6521521 TI - [Rhythms in bronchial asthma]. PMID- 6521522 TI - [Abdominal tuberculosis in children]. PMID- 6521523 TI - [Asterixis as a neurologic manifestation of hypophosphatemia]. PMID- 6521524 TI - [Neuropathy caused by n-hexane]. PMID- 6521525 TI - [Clinico-pathologic correlation of muscular involvement in hypothyroid patients before and after treatment]. PMID- 6521526 TI - [The HLA system and sarcoidosis]. PMID- 6521527 TI - [Intestinal carcinoid tumor. Apropos of 16 cases]. PMID- 6521528 TI - [Use of nifedipine in the treatment of hypertensive crisis]. PMID- 6521529 TI - [The measurement of arterial pressure]. PMID- 6521530 TI - [51-year-old male with a poor general condition, fever, confusion and jaundice]. PMID- 6521531 TI - [Hypertensive crisis: treatment of emergencies with nifedipine]. PMID- 6521532 TI - [Polyserositis and platelet hypoaggregability caused by penicillin in a female patient with meningococcal meningitis]. PMID- 6521534 TI - [Rapidly growing abdominal mass and hemorrhagic diathesis in Gaucher's disease]. PMID- 6521535 TI - [Yersinia enterocolitica and thalassemia: more than a chance association]. PMID- 6521533 TI - [Cervical adenitis caused by Mycobacterium scrofulaceum]. PMID- 6521536 TI - [Autoimmune thyroid disease and lupus erythematosus]. PMID- 6521537 TI - [Clinical presentation and prognostic factors in accelerated arterial hypertension. Review of 29 cases]. PMID- 6521538 TI - [Therapy of vascular insufficiency of the legs with plafibride]. PMID- 6521539 TI - [Prostaglandins and peptic ulcer]. PMID- 6521540 TI - [Chronic renal insufficiency and porphyria: contributions apropos of a case]. PMID- 6521541 TI - [Asthma and behavioral medicine]. PMID- 6521542 TI - [Merkel's tumor in the diagnostic evaluation of clinically non-detectable neoplasms]. PMID- 6521544 TI - [Confusional-hallucinatory state caused by stramonium]. PMID- 6521543 TI - [New cerebral infarct after withdrawal of anticoagulants from a patient]. PMID- 6521545 TI - [Status of metabolic abnormalities in nephrolithiasis]. PMID- 6521546 TI - [Diagnostic methods in microcrystalline arthritis]. PMID- 6521547 TI - [Parapneumonic effusion: development over 12 months]. PMID- 6521548 TI - [Hydatidosis: current significance]. PMID- 6521549 TI - [Past, present and future of Spanish pathologic anatomy]. PMID- 6521550 TI - [Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva]. PMID- 6521551 TI - [Amanita phalloides poisoning]. PMID- 6521552 TI - [Nocturnal nasopharyngeal intubation in predominantly obstructive sleep apnea syndrome]. PMID- 6521553 TI - [Guillain-Barre syndrome after acute Toxoplasma infection]. PMID- 6521554 TI - [Double primary neoplasms of the bladder and rectum]. PMID- 6521555 TI - [Extrapyramidal reactions induced by intravenous metoclopramide]. PMID- 6521556 TI - [Failure of penicillin in pediatric meningococcal meningitis]. PMID- 6521557 TI - [Familial medullary carcinoma of the thyroid]. PMID- 6521558 TI - [Angulation osteotomy as an alternative in the treatment of non-union of the femoral neck]. PMID- 6521559 TI - [Recommendations for insulin treatment with a portable insulin pump]. PMID- 6521560 TI - [Insulin pump in intractable diabetes during pregnancy]. PMID- 6521561 TI - [How did the women in the Early Treatment of Alcoholic Women project fare? Report 2 years later]. PMID- 6521562 TI - [Women in the Early Treatment of Alcoholic Women project--what is their personality profile like 2 years later]. PMID- 6521563 TI - [Itching in the gluteal region as a symptom of malignancy?]. PMID- 6521564 TI - [Case control study in northern Sweden. High risk of lung cancer among older smoking professional drivers]. PMID- 6521565 TI - [Prevention of postoperative thromboembolism--an account of the current Swedish practice]. PMID- 6521566 TI - [Cognitive therapy--a structured active form of therapy]. PMID- 6521567 TI - [Heart diagnosis with ultrarapid computer tomography gives good clinical and experimental results]. PMID- 6521568 TI - [Acute psychosis caused by hypoglycemia]. PMID- 6521569 TI - [Tuberculosis treatment today]. PMID- 6521570 TI - [Tuberculosis as an occupational disease among health care personnel]. PMID- 6521571 TI - [Tuberculosis--still a disease to reckon with]. PMID- 6521572 TI - [3-day care of lower urinary tract infection in women]. PMID- 6521573 TI - [Urinary tract infections and primary care]. PMID- 6521574 TI - [Lyme disease with AV-block in a woman after walking in the woods]. PMID- 6521575 TI - [Disulfiram-induced hepatitis]. PMID- 6521576 TI - [Biological effects of camomile]. PMID- 6521577 TI - [Compartment syndrome and acute renal failure after poisoning]. PMID- 6521578 TI - Hesitation phenomena in the spontaneous speech of normal and articulatory defective children. PMID- 6521579 TI - Closure duration and release burst amplitude cues to stop consonant manner and place of articulation. PMID- 6521580 TI - [Late results following carotid endarterectomy]. AB - 186 carotid endarterectomies (142 patients) were performed under regional anaesthesia between 1976 and 1983: 32% in asymptomatic stage, 36% in TIA, 4% in frank stroke, 28% in completed stroke. Postoperative mortality was 3.8%, neurologic deficit following endarterectomy 4% (2% transient, 2% permanent). Patients were followed-up six months to seven years after the operation: The incidence of late stroke amounted to 7% (11% in TIA-patients, 5% in patients with completed stroke before endarterectomy). 24% of the operated patients died during the follow-up period, 46% because of myocardial infarction or heart failure, 14% because of stroke. Recurrent stenosis occurred in 6% (indirect Doppler sonogramm), two patients (3%) with symptomatic recurrent stenosis underwent reoperation. PMID- 6521581 TI - [Which benign liver tumors present surgical indications and how do you assure the diagnosis preoperatively?]. PMID- 6521583 TI - [Diagnosis and operative treatment of nevi and hemangiomas in the area of the head and neck]. AB - This paper is divided into four sections. In the first section we attempted to emphasise for the plastic surgeon some practical aspects of clinical diagnosis of moles. Taking into account the pathologic and dermatologic nomenclature we classified moles (naevi) as a) melanocytic naevi, b) vascular naevi, c) epithelial naevi. The second section deals with the indication for surgical treatment. Distinction is made between relative and absolute indications. We considered the cosmetic reason only as a relative indication for surgery. On the other hand we based the absolute indication on three reasons: a) Psychosocial aspects observed in patients with moles on the face. b) Risk of malignancy: there is a high risk of melanoma associated with congenital melanocytic naevi, dysplastic naevi and blue naevi; carcinomas can develop to a sebaceous naevus; basaliomas have been described in linear verrucous epidermal naevus (Schimmelpennig-Feuerstein-Mims Syndrome). c) Complications associated with location and/or the size of a mole: amblyopia results if a haemangioma on eyelid remains untreated. Kasabach-Merrit-Syndrome develops in children with large haemangiomas. In the third section we explain our reasons for not performing incisional biopsies on pigmented skin lesions and we also describe basic surgical techniques such as simple excision with primary wound closure according to RSTL, regional flaps and free grafts (full thickness graft, split thickness graft, mesh graft, composite graft). The fourth section is a short review of special techniques in the treatment of haemangiomas: electrocoagulation, cryosurgery, magnesium seeds, systemic corticosteroids, sclerosing methods and radiotherapy. PMID- 6521582 TI - [Increase of bile acid reabsorption following total small intestine resection in the rat]. AB - Bile salts undergo an enterohepatic circulation. The relative distribution of labelled cholic acid in portal blood, enterocytes, intestinal contents and feces, following intravenous injection of (carboxylic-14C) cholic acid, can be considered as an indication of the absorptive capacity of the epithelium cells. Seven days after a massive small intestinal resection (60-80 cm), the animal weight and the bile salt absorption were significantly decreased. Nevertheless, thirty days after the operation, weight and radioactivities reached the values found in the controls: in portal and cava blood, liver, intestinal contents and feces. An increase of the absorptive capacity of the intestinal epithelial cells was also observed. PMID- 6521584 TI - [Experimental study on the surgical treatment of tracheal wall defects]. AB - In 56 pigs defects of the anterior tracheal wall were closed by implants of various materials: a net of polyester with hydrogel or autogenised, fascia, mucosa, cartilage, skin. Best results were achieved with cartilage and fascia. The nets of polyester and skin were extruded. Mucosa healed but showed deep folds. PMID- 6521585 TI - [Production and preclinical use of a monoclonal immunotoxin against laryngeal cancer cells]. AB - A basic problem in cancer chemotherapy is the lack of selectivity of present anti cancer drugs. The application of hybridoma technology for laryngeal carcinomas could show that certain monoclonal antibodies react with surface antigens on intact laryngeal carcinoma cells, which are rare or non existent on other types of cells. In the present study synthesis and cytotoxic properties of a conjugate (immunotoxin) are demonstrated containing the toxic A chain from ricin coupled to a monoclonal antilaryngeal antibody. This conjugate is lethal only for cells containing the corresponding tumour-associated antigen at the cell surface of various head and neck carcinoma cell lines. The results indicate that the newly formed chimaeric molecules maintain both the antigen-binding capacity and their toxic properties and that minute amounts of the immunotoxin are effective in specifically killing living laryngeal carcinoma cells in vitro. PMID- 6521586 TI - [Mesopharynx cancers--multifactorial malignancy analysis and therapeutic results]. AB - Multi-step check method of the diagnosis of malignancy is applied as a synthesis of results of staging, histological classification, histopathological and histochemical grading, to 210 squamous cell carcinomas of the mesopharynx. Among the examined carcinomas, extended tumours were predominant (61%) (T3; T4). No definite relationship between size and prognosis of the tumours was seen. 81% of the carcinomas had regional lymph node metastases. Their rate of cure (41%) was lower than that of the carcinomas without metastases. Histological grading showed that prognosis of the G 1-carcinomas was superior to that of the G 3-carcinomas. Definite histological grading also enabled clear gradation of malignancy of G 2 carcinomas and carcinomas of the lymphatic tissue after histochemical grading. 5 year survival rate of all the therapy results were found after radical resection (50%) and after combined surgical irradiation therapy (63%). The survival rate of the patients with exclusive irradiation therapy was lower (29%). PMID- 6521587 TI - [A computer model for the simulation of intra-arterial tumor therapy in the area of the external carotid artery]. AB - The complex theoretical background of intra-arterial (i.a.) tumour therapy induced the installation of a computer assisted model based on the use of 7 variables, the most important factors being the blood flow of the infused organ and the clearance of the drug, as well as the tissue binding of the drug. Various relevant conditions of i.a. infusion are represented by simple but typical diagrams allowing quick orientation on the principles governing i.a. infusion even for those who are not very familiar with the theoretical background of i.a. infusion. The model represents an improvement in the individual planning of effective i.a. chemotherapy. PMID- 6521588 TI - [How good is the esophageal voice?]. AB - In view of the fact that objective methods as employed in the past have not been suitable in judging the clarity of speech of laryngectomised persons, a grading system has been developed based on analytical criteria of speech (sound, clarity of speech, fluency, articulation, modulation, number of syllables, secondary murmur). The degree of understanding is graded from one to five (very good to poor). Tests were performed with 69 oesophageal speakers. Young people seem to learn oesophageal speech better than elderly persons. Most authors agree that learning and quality of oesophageal speech depend on the age of the patient. For this reason, elderly laryngectomised patients should receive more intensive care, so that they may develop an oesophageal speech of superior intelligibility. PMID- 6521589 TI - [Comparative long-term spectral studies of the voice using the Lombard effect]. AB - LTAS changes during Lombard conditions were analysed with regard to intensity level differences. Functional voice disturbances can be related to a more pronounced change of the intensity level, whereas organic voice disorders tend to display a rather limited spectral intensity change. Subjective judgement of voice quality during bilateral deafening reveals a better chance for improvement in cases with pronounced change of the spectral intensity level, i.e. primarily functional disorders. Voice changes during Lombard conditions are effected by control mechanisms compensating for the auditory feedback loss not only at the laryngeal level, but also in the supraglottic vocal tract. For clinical use the deafening procedure is of value for diagnosis as well as for therapy of voice disorders. PMID- 6521590 TI - [Detection of latent velopharyngeal hyperfunction with the Lombard trial]. AB - If subjected to Lombard conditions several patients with voice disturbances (17,7%) react by producing hyponasal speech which can be proved sonagraphically. The reason for this effect seems to be a habitual velopharyngeal hyperfunction, manifesting itself during bilateral deafening, while kinesthetic and reflectory mechanisms compensate for the auditory feedback loss. The deafening procedure using the Lombard effect can therefore be useful for diagnosis of functional components of voice disorders as well as in the therapy of functional voice disturbances. PMID- 6521591 TI - [Bilateral skull crush trauma]. AB - 4 cases are presented of bilateral injury of the skull base with transverse fractures of the middle cranial fossa. The pathogenesis of these fractures is discussed, pointing out the typical patterns of these lesions. PMID- 6521592 TI - [Aneurysmal bone cyst of the temporal bone]. AB - The authors describe two cases of aneurysmal bone cysts of the os temporale. Subtotal removal of the lesions seemed to stop the disease since twenty months and five years respectively. Differential diagnosis for this benign but recurrent osteolytic bone lesion includes various neoplasms. Diagnosis can only be established through biopsy of the cystwall because clinical and radiological criteria are often misleading. PMID- 6521593 TI - [Hormonal control of the inner ear. Fiction or reality?]. AB - The aetiology of numerous functional disorders of the inner ear is still unknown. In particular, it is unclear whether these hearing disorders are a result of a primary damage to the sensory or secretory epithelium, or perhaps a result of a disturbed cochlear control mechanism. In the kidney, ion transport is controlled by hormonal influence mediated by an adenylate cyclase mechanism. Adenylate cyclase has been localized biochemically and cytochemically in the inner ear. Its activity can be increased with vasopressin and parathormone. Thus the question has been raised whether cellular metabolism and transport in the inner ear is indeed controlled by hormonal influence. The results of the electronmicroscopic cytochemical localization studies of adenylate cyclase in the lateral wall of the cochlea and in the endolymphatic sac are presented, and their possible physiological significance is discussed. PMID- 6521594 TI - [Effect of ipsilateral, contralateral and binaural roaring noise on brain stem potentials in the guinea pig]. AB - On ipsilateral masking the individual potentials showed reduced amplitudes with increasing noise level, the latency of the potential PI increased and the interval PI/PIV shortened. Compared to ipsilateral masking the potential PIV exhibited a significant minor decrease in amplitude at binaural noise presentation. At contralateral masking the peaks PI and PIII showed a reduced potential size with noise levels above 50 dB, which also produced significant changes in latency. Against that the potential PIV exhibited a significant decrease in amplitude already at noise levels above 30 dB. The results are discussed in the light of central masking and their clinical relevance. PMID- 6521595 TI - [Aerodynamic effect of tracheal voice tubes]. AB - A usual rhinomanometer was used to construct an apparatus to measure the aerodynamic resistance of a tracheostomy speaking tube lying in the trachea. This resistance, evoked by the sieve or the hole in the tube, is considerable. A model of a trachea was made from a silicone tube to assess the resistance of several types of tracheostomy speaking tubes. PMID- 6521596 TI - Ultrastructural and pharmacologic studies on laser-induced glaucoma in primates and rabbits. AB - Sustained high intraocular pressure resulting in optic nerve cupping and loss of ganglion cells was produced in five rhesus monkeys and eight pigmented rabbits by applying argon laser energy to the trabecular meshwork. In addition, the rabbits manifested buphthalmus. Flow of carbon particles subsequently injected into the anterior chamber was obstructed at the trabecular meshwork by a wound-healing response that closed the intratrabecular spaces. Besides this sustained high intraocular pressure as a result of late scarring, an acute hypertensive response was seen in all rabbits which may correspond to the acute hypertension seen after laser trabeculoplasty in humans. The acute hypertensive response could be only partially blocked by prostaglandin inhibitors and we believe that prostaglandins are not primarily responsible for this effect. Medications known to lower intraocular pressure were systematically tested in both glaucoma models. PMID- 6521597 TI - Fundic vagotomy by waveguide CO2 laser: experimental study of a new technique in dogs. AB - Anterior lesser curve seromyotomy with posterior truncal vagotomy is an alternative operation to the highly selective vagotomy. After preoperative gastric function testing, four dogs underwent an anterior lesser curve seromyotomy with posterior truncal vagotomy. However, a new prototype hand-held laser was used to perform the seromyotomy. This laser delivers 20 W and is small, light, and highly maneuverable. Results of the operation indicate that this laser was easy to use and yielded a very effective seromyotomy without complications. Peroperatively, the laser performed simultaneous section and hemostasis. Postoperatively, no significant acid production could be stimulated with either histamine, pentagastrin, or insulin. This operation yields good control of acid production and is faster and easier than the highly selective vagotomy. The hand held waveguide CO2 laser may further facilitate the ease of this procedure. PMID- 6521598 TI - The effect of epidermal pigmentation on selective vascular effects of pulsed laser. AB - The effect of epidermal pigmentation on the threshold exposure dose for inducing purpura with a tunable dye laser at 577 nm, 1.5 microseconds pulse duration, was studied in 21 human volunteers with varied genetically determined amounts of melanin. More laser energy was required to produce purpura as constitutive skin pigmentation increased. Histology showed that, in lighter skin, the laser threshold dose produced the most specific vascular injury with no disruption of surrounding structures. In more pigmented skin, damage occurred in the epidermal basal layer and very few changes were seen in blood vessels below. PMID- 6521599 TI - Clinical and histological evaluation of portwine stain treatment with a microsecond-pulsed dye-laser at 577 NM. AB - Test treatment of portwine stains (PWS) was performed with a microsecond-pulsed dye laser at 577 nm using a 2-mm spot diameter. Although selective coagulation of the erythrocytes occurred, this did not result in bleaching of the treated area. Massive destruction of the dilated capillaries is suggested to be a prerequisite for PWS-bleaching, very probably requiring msec (instead of microseconds) laser pulses. PMID- 6521600 TI - Biological effect of He-Ne laser: investigations on functional and micromorphological alterations of cell membranes, in vitro. AB - A 1-J/cm2 dose of single laser-irradiation applied on primary human embryo fibroblast culture was not followed either by functional or micromorphological alterations of cell surfaces. This dose, however, applied four times with 24-hour intervals changed the functional conditions as well as surface charges of cell membranes. As detection methods, radioactive glucosamine uptake, lectin, and cationized ferritin-binding techniques were applied. At the same time, the scanning and transmission electron microscopy of laser-irradiated cells did not reveal any micromorphological or ultrastructural alterations. The effect of a 5 J/cm2 dose did not differ from that of 1 J/cm2. It is suggested that laser radiation-induced circumstances on cell surfaces can contribute to the strength of cell-to-cell contacts, i.e., to the stimulation of epithelization experienced in the clinical gynecologic practice. PMID- 6521601 TI - [A comprehensive program for fighting chronic non-infectious diseases in basic population groups--the Belec Study. I. Evaluation of the extent of the problem]. PMID- 6521602 TI - [Immunity in diabetic nephropathy]. PMID- 6521603 TI - [Windsurfing and travel medicine]. PMID- 6521604 TI - [Surgery of portal hypertension in an experiment on dogs]. PMID- 6521606 TI - [Use of drugs in the aged]. PMID- 6521605 TI - [Nephrologic complications in patients with multiple myeloma]. PMID- 6521607 TI - [Treatment of essential hypertension with Viskaldix]. PMID- 6521608 TI - Urinary malondialdehyde as an indicator of lipid peroxidation in the diet and in the tissues. AB - Although malondialdehyde (MDA) is extensively metabolized to CO2, small amounts are nevertheless excreted in an acid-hydrolyzable form in rat urine. In this study, urinary MDA was evaluated as an indicator of lipid peroxidation in the diet and in the tissues. MDA was released from its bound form(s) in urine by acid treatment and determined as the TBA-MA derivative by HPLC. MDA excretion by the rat was found to be responsive to oral administration of the Na enol salt and to peroxidation of dietary lipids. Urinary MDA also increased in response to the increased lipid peroxidation in vivo produced by vitamin E deficiency and by administration of iron nitrilotriacetate. Chronic feeding of a diet containing cod liver oil led to increases in MDA excretion which were not completely eliminated by fasting or feeding a peroxide-free diet, indicating that there was increased lipid peroxidation in vivo. MDA excretion was not responsive to Se deficiency or CCl4 administration. DPPD, a biologically active antioxidant, but not BHA, a non-biologically active antioxidant, prevented the increase in MDA excretion in vitamin E deficient animals. The results indicate that MDA excretion can serve as an indicator of the extent of lipid peroxidation in the diet and, under conditions which preclude a dietary effect, as an index of lipid peroxidation in vivo. PMID- 6521609 TI - The influence of protein and carbohydrate type on serum and liver lipids and lipoprotein cholesterol in rabbits. AB - The non-lipid portions of semi-synthetic diets appear to be important determinants of hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis in the rabbit. Serum and liver lipid concentrations were determined in rabbits which had been pair-fed various protein (casein or soy protein isolate) and carbohydrate (sucrose or dextrose) sources as part of low fat, low cholesterol, semi-synthetic diets. It was verified that casein-containing diets render rabbits hypercholesterolemic, while soy protein caused a degree of hypocholesterolemia. Additionally, sucrose, when fed in conjunction with casein, appears to augment this hypercholesterolemic effect. The distribution of total cholesterol among lipoprotein subclasses was increased in both the intermediate density lipoprotein (IDL) (1.006-1.019 g/ml) and low density lipoprotein (LDL) (1.019-1.063 g/ml) fractions and decreased in the high density lipoprotein (HDL) (1.063-1.21 g/ml) fraction when casein is fed. Soy protein feeding caused relatively more cholesterol to appear only in the IDL fraction when compared with commercial chow fed rabbits. Reasons for these differences may involve the saturation or suppression of endogenous lipoprotein hepatic receptors. PMID- 6521610 TI - The effects of trans fatty acids on fatty acyl delta 5 desaturation by human skin fibroblasts. AB - The effectiveness of different fatty acids as inhibitors of fatty acyl delta 5 desaturation activity in human skin fibroblasts has been investigated. When incubated with 2.25 microM [14C] eicosatrienoate (20:3 omega 6) in otherwise lipid-free medium, these cells rapidly incorporate the radiolabeled fatty acid into cellular glycerolipids and desaturate it to produce both [14C] arachidonate and [14C]docosatetraenoate. The delta 5 desaturation activity can be enhanced by prior growth of the cells without serum lipids. Elaidate (9t-18:1) is a potent inhibitor of delta 5 desaturation while trans-vaccenate (11t-18:1) is virtually without effect. Oleate and linoleate are only mildly inhibitory. Linoelaidate (9t,12t-18:2) is more inhibitory than linoleate but significantly less effective than elaidate. The effects of elaidate can be readily overcome by increasing the concentration of exogenous eicosatrienoate. Studies with a variety of trans monounsaturates of differing chain lengths indicate that the omega 9 trans fatty acids are potent inhibitors of delta 5 desaturation, while omega 7 trans fatty acids are relatively ineffective. Intact human fibroblasts could thus be important in characterizing novel fatty acids as selective inhibitors of arachidonate synthesis in vivo. PMID- 6521611 TI - Intestinal metabolism of plasma free fatty acids in streptozotocin diabetic rats. AB - Moderate insulin deficiency was reported to be accompanied by an increased production of intestinal very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) triglyceride in the rat. Because plasma free fatty acids (FFA) are incorporated into triglyceride by intestinal mucosa of rats and humans and plasma FFA are increased in insulin deficient diabetes mellitus, we investigated several aspects of the intestinal metabolism of plasma FFA in diabetic rats. All experiments were performed on the third day following the i.v. injection of streptozotocin (45 mg/kg body weight) or buffer alone. A (14 C)palmitic acid-rat serum complex was rapidly injected intravenously and its initial uptake by small bowel mucosa, the intracellular incorporation into lipids and water soluble metabolites and the specific radioactivity of triglycerides of mucosal homogenates was determined. No significant differences could be found between diabetic and control rats at 2 and 5 min after 14C-palmitate i.v., suggesting that neither the influx of plasma free fatty acids into intestinal mucosal cells nor their initial intracellular metabolic pathways are significantly altered in moderately diabetic rats. A pronounced decrease in intestinal mucosal triglyceride at 10 min after 14C palmitate i.v. might be interpreted as indirect evidence for an enhanced triglyceride efflux from intestinal mucosa into mesenteric lymph in diabetic rats. PMID- 6521612 TI - Quantitative analysis of triglyceride species of vegetable oils by high performance liquid chromatography via a flame ionization detector. AB - A method for the quantitative analysis of triglyceride species composition of vegetable oils by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) via a flame ionization detector (FID) is described. Triglycerides are separated into molecular species via Zorbax chemically bonded octadecylsilane (ODS) columns using gradient elution with methylene chloride in acetonitrile. Identification of species is made by matching the retention times of the peaks in the chromatogram with the order of elution of all of the species that could be present in the sample on the basis of a random distribution of the fatty acids and comparison of experimental and calculated theoretical carbon numbers (TCN). Quantitative analysis is based on a direct proportionality of peak areas. Differences in the response of individual species were small and did not dictate the use of response factors. The method is applied to cocoa butter before and after randomization, soybean oil and pure olive oil. PMID- 6521613 TI - Effect of protein depletion on the VLDL triacylglycerol secretion and apoprotein synthesis by the perfused liver from pregnant rats. AB - The effect of protein depletion in the pregnant rat on the polyunsaturated fatty acid incorporation into very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) has been investigated. The apoprotein pattern of these particles was determined. In in vivo experiments the amounts of serum and liver triacylglycerol were determined. VLDL were isolated and their apo C concentration calculated. In in vitro experiments the radioactivity of [3H]leucine incorporated into VLDL apoproteins was measured. The results show that protein depletion during pregnancy promotes a drastic increase in serum and liver triacylglycerol. The VLDL isolated from these animals show an increase in the triacylglycerol/protein ratio and a decrease in their content of apo C. Meanwhile, a significant reduction in the [3H]leucine incorporation into apo C peptides by the perfused liver of protein depleted rats was detected. On the other hand, protein deprivation did not affect labeled linoleic and arachidonic acid incorporation into triacylglycerol of the newly secreted VLDL. Taking these results together, let us deduce that a defective VLDL is secreted by the liver of the protein depleted pregnant rats. The abnormal composition of these particles may influence its normal metabolism through their effects on lipoprotein lipase and this fact could affect the normal supply of polyunsaturated fatty acids to the fetus. PMID- 6521614 TI - Fulminant hepatic and renal failure complicating Wilson's disease. AB - We report a case of fatal fulminant liver failure complicating Wilson's disease that is unique in several respects. The illness supervened after several years of medical noncompliance in a patient who had been previously diagnosed and successfully treated with penicillamine. Re-institution of penicillamine therapy 2 weeks prior to the fulminant decompensation failed to prevent it. Renal failure in this patient was apparently secondary to rhabdomyolysis. Addition of penicillamine to a peritoneal dialysis solution allowed chelation and removal of over 14 mg per day of copper but without apparent benefit. Exchange transfusion and high dose dexamethasone therapy (24 mg/day) were equally ineffective in reversing the liver failure. Other reported cases have also been fatal. The best treatment for fulminant Wilson's disease is prevention by diagnosis in a pre symptomatic stage and institution of carefully supervised life-long therapy with penicillamine. PMID- 6521615 TI - Steroid treatment lowers hepatic fibroplasia, as explored by serum aminoterminal procollagen III peptide, in chronic liver disease. AB - Serum aminoterminal type III procollagen peptide (sPIIIP) has been proposed as an index of hepatic fibroplasia. sPIIIP was retrospectively evaluated in 34 treated and five untreated patients affected by chronic active hepatitis with or without cirrhosis by an RIA test. Serum samples taken before and after 6 months of treatment were tested in all cases. In 15 of the treated and all untreated patients, 6-20 (median 13) sera, corresponding to a median follow-up of 43 months were studied. Before treatment, the sPIIIP median value was 18.6 ng/ml; after 6 months of treatment, it decreased to 13.6 ng/ml (p less than 0.005). Follow-up sPIIIP levels were significantly lower in treated than in untreated patients (p less than 0.05), at each interval considered, except for the last control (39 months). In seven patients, treatment was discontinued: sPIIIP rose rapidly in six; four of them were retreated and this was followed by a new decrease. In four patients, sPIIIP was tested weekly from the onset of the treatment: it reverted to normal values within the first week in all cases, while GOT decreased later. sPIIIP is significantly and rapidly reduced by steroids. Steroid withdrawal is generally followed by a rebound, with a new decrease when treatment is restarted. Since sPIIIP is more rapidly lowered than GOT levels, the above data support the hypothesis that steroids can directly affect collagen metabolism. PMID- 6521616 TI - Differential diagnosis of jaundice: a pocket diagnostic chart. AB - Based on extensive clinical and clinical chemical information (107 different items) from 1002 jaundiced patients, we developed a diagnostic algorithm which was evaluated on a test sample of another 110 jaundiced patients. A primary classification into categories of obstructive jaundice (probability of obstruction greater than or equal to 0.80), non-obstructive jaundice (probability of obstruction less than or equal to 0.20), and of doubtful causes of jaundice (probability of obstruction: 0.20-0.80) was attempted. Among 234 patients in the data base who were classified as obstructive, 220 (94%) proved to be so, as did 36 (97%) of 37 in the test sample. The corresponding figures for non-obstructive jaundice were 463 (96%) of 483 patients correctly classified in the data base and 47 (92%) of 51 patients in the test sample. Altogether 69% of the patients in the data base and 75% of those in the test sample were correctly classified, in 27% and 20% the cause of jaundice was doubtful, and only 4% and 5%, respectively, were misclassified. A slight majority of the patients in whom the algorithmic diagnoses were doubtful proved obstructive. A close correlation was found between the preliminary diagnoses made by the algorithm and by the clinicians. A secondary classification of the patients by the algorithm into benign versus malignant causes of obstructive jaundice performed equally well in the data base and the test sample. PMID- 6521617 TI - Acute liver biopsy lesions in early autoimmune ("lupoid") chronic active hepatitis. AB - We studied two female patients with autoimmune ("lupoid") chronic active hepatitis whose liver biopsies at initial presentation showed the unusual features of an acute hepatitis. Centrilobular hepatocyte swelling and multinucleation, acidophilic degeneration, cholestasis, mild fatty change and bile duct damage in one case resembled lesions of non-A, non-B hepatitis. Lobular and portal infiltrates of plasma cells with piecemeal necrosis suggested transition to chronicity as well as an autoimmune component. This was additionally supported by the presence of hypergammaglobulinemia and auto antibodies in both patients. We conclude that liver biopsy features in the acute presentation of lupoid hepatitis may be difficult to distinguish from those seen in acute hepatitis due to virus or drugs. PMID- 6521618 TI - Doctors and decision analysis. PMID- 6521619 TI - 'A Look at the Chief Complaints' revisited. Current obstacles and opportunities for decision analysis. AB - In 1979, Dr. William Schwartz wrote a "Sounding Board" article in the New England Journal of Medicine entitled: "Decision Analysis. A Look at the Chief Complaints". In it, he listed the major concerns of practicing physicians, academicians, and students about decision analysis. As an educator and an advocate of the technique, he then replied to each of these concerns and objections. Dr. Schwartz's article is an excellent and thoughtful discussion and one that we routinely recommend to our students to prepare them for real-world reactions to the zeal with which they often leave our classrooms. Now, more than four years later, I would like briefly to review the "chief complaints" outlined by Dr. Schwartz and to update them to 1984. My purpose is to consider the cognitive and practical obstacles to the dissemination of decision analysis, and to discuss alternative approaches to surmounting these obstacles. To do this, I have engaged four "consultants" from different fields. PMID- 6521620 TI - A course in clinical decision making adaptable to diverse audiences. AB - Faculty at the University of Pennsylvania have developed a prototype course in clinical decision making that can be adapted to the diverse backgrounds of a variety of medical audiences. The course was offered in its entirety to third and fourth-year medical students and in abbreviated form to two postgraduate audiences (community and university-based physicians) during 1982. Methods were developed for content, process, and outcome evaluation for the courses; the latter consisted of pretest and posttest comparisons of performance on a written examination. Ninety-four individuals attended one or more sessions of the three courses. All courses were very favorably received, although the postgraduate audiences perceived less clinical relevance than educational relevance in the material (p less than 0.05). The medical students performed better on the pretest than either group of physicians, with the student-university physician difference reaching statistical significance (p less than 0.01). Nevertheless, all groups performed better on the posttest than on the pretest (p less than 0.001) and the degree of improvement was no different among the groups (p greater than 0.29). We conclude that our course's concepts and skills can be effectively adapted to and assimilated by physicians at all levels of training and experience. PMID- 6521621 TI - A concise model for the management of possible appendicitis. AB - A conventional decision tree model for the management of patients with possible appendicitis requires at least 15 pieces of information. It makes three assumptions. A more concise decision tree model of the problem is presented here. It requires six pieces of information and prevents unintended mathematical shifts between disease states. It makes an additional five assumptions. The concise decision tree model was compared with the larger original model. Expert surgeons gave opinions on the management of a theoretical patient with possible appendicitis and the information necessary to solve the problem by decision analysis. Information from 25 surgeons whose opinions were consistent with analyses of their information using the original large decision tree was used to reanalyze the problem using the concise decision tree. The concise decision tree agreed with the original analysis in 24 of 25 cases (96%), despite violation of the five additional assumptions in 103 of 125 possible instances. The surgeon's decision can be shown by this model to be a function of the probability of appendicitis, the probability of perforation during observation, and the relative differences in outcomes between avoidable perforation and unnecessary operation. PMID- 6521622 TI - Medical imaging, vision, and visual psychophysics. PMID- 6521623 TI - ERG changes after an injection of corticosteroid into the vitreous. AB - We injected a high dose (5 mg) of pure betamethasone acetate (a water-insoluble corticosteroid) into the vitreous space of aphakic rabbit eyes after and without closed vitrectomy, and followed ERG b-wave amplitude changes over 36 days. The ERG b-wave amplitude decreased immediately after vitrectomy, but recovered in one day. Administration of betamethasone increased the ERG amplitude in both eyes to abnormally high levels. The highest amplitude appeared on the 3-4th day and this enhancement continued for 7-20 days. In conclusion, administration of betamethasone into the vitreous induced no depressing effect on retinal function reflected by the ERG b-wave, even in doses as high as 5 mg. PMID- 6521625 TI - Mucolipidosis I: ocular signs in three sisters. AB - In inborn errors of metabolism ocular signs can often represent an early symptom and permit a presumed diagnosis which must be confirmed by biochemical studies. Moreover the ocular signs indicate the evolution of the illness together with other general symptoms. PMID- 6521624 TI - Alteration of serum tryptophan metabolism in patients suffering from senile cataract. AB - In vitro experimental evidence suggests tryptophan (TRP) is involved in protein modifications which could cause cataract formation in vivo. Previous studies of tryptophan plasma and serum metabolism are conflicting. In this study free and bound TRP plasma levels were measured in patients with senile cataract and in controls after an oral load of L-TRP (20 mg/kg b.w.). Free TRP levels were higher in patients than in controls one hour after L-TRP administration. PMID- 6521626 TI - The use of orthoptics in dyslexia. AB - In 73 children with reading difficulty, ophthalmological evaluation showed that 18 had overt refractive errors, 18 had dyslexia and no ocular anomalies, and 37 had impaired fusional amplitudes, 24 of whom were dyslexic. In all patients with poor fusional amplitudes the reading mechanism could be improved with orthoptic exercises designed to augment the fusional amplitudes. The treatment did not affect the perceptual defect associated with dyslexia. PMID- 6521627 TI - Red cell glutathione in Leber's optic atrophy. AB - Red cell glutathione has been assayed in a family affected by Leber's optic atrophy. The results are in agreement with a defective cyanide metabolism. The transmission mechanism of the disease is discussed. Lastly, a preventive and therapeutic approach is proposed. PMID- 6521628 TI - Degeneratio corneae nivalis. Snow-crystal degeneration. AB - Report of an aged woman in whose corneal stroma point and snow crystal-like, ivory-white, opaque granules developed with calcium granules localized under the conjunctiva. The patient suffered further of general arthrosis and osteopoikilosis in the proximal epiphysis of the femur, demonstrable by X-ray examination. The authors compare the syndrome of their patient with the artificially induced calcification syndrome of rats, which was developed by H. Selye et al, after the administration of isoproterenol, 5-hydroxitriptamin, and dihydrotachysterol to the animals. All three compounds inducing the artificial calcification syndrome, or similar ones, are also normally present in the organism. Their application in the described order causes the abnormal calcification of the connective tissues, probably by the metabolic disturbance of the mucopolysaccharides. PMID- 6521629 TI - Corneal sulfate incorporation during fasting in rats. AB - Fasting is known to decrease sulfate incorporation as well as other growth functions in cartilage. The present study compared corneal sulfation in vivo and in vitro, with sulfation in cartilage of rats undergoing total food deprivation for 48 hours and refeeding for periods up to 28 days. Sulfate incorporation by cartilage decreased both in vivo and in vitro during the fast and recovered to normal values by 7 days of refeeding. Corneal sulfation increased in vivo during the fast. After 7 days of refeeding corneal sulfation in vivo dropped below the control value and remained below the control level. At later recovery periods corneal sulfation in vivo was normal. Corneal sulfation in vitro decreased during the fast. Normal cartilage showed a decrease in sulfate incorporation in vivo and in vitro with increasing age. Corneal sulfation in vitro followed this pattern, but corneal sulfation in vivo did not. We conclude that the effect of fasting on sulfate metabolism of corneal stroma is qualitatively different from that of cartilage. PMID- 6521630 TI - [Toxoplasmosis in Bamako (Republic of Mali). Incidence of the disease in women of child-bearing age]. AB - In Bamako, Republic of Mali, 100 serum samples from african women were examined for antibodies against Toxoplasma gondii by SABIN and FELDMAN dye-test. Positive titres were obtained in 34 %. Disease was acquired probably after twenty years of age. This result shows that the risk of contamination during pregnancy is important, and that the problem needs to receive more attention in Africa. PMID- 6521631 TI - [Anatomicopathological aspects of genital bilharziasis in women]. AB - The localisations of the genital bilharziosis of the woman are not very known. However, they are responsible of many functional sequelae: pelvic aches, menstrual troubles, aberrant nidations, spontaneous abortions, permanent sterilities. From 43 anatomic taking investigated from 1971 to 1982 and from the literature they have collected, the authors successively study the localisations of the genital bilharziosis on ovary (21 %), uterine tube (16 %), uterine cervix (42 %), vulva, vagina and clitoris (21 %). They describe the histologic responsible lesions and their pathogenic mechanism. They dwell upon the fact that, in much cases, the eggs of Schistosoma haematobium, included in the tissues, are responsible of those anatomo-pathologic manifestations. PMID- 6521632 TI - [Complications observed in the treatment of trypanosomiasis in the Congo]. AB - The authors present the results obtained in the treatment of 453 sleeping sickness (T. gambiense) patients in the People's Republic of the Congo. They give the following conclusions: The mortality rate reaches 2,75% in the group of patients treated by melarsoprol and is nil in the group treated with pentamidin. The encephalitis rate is 2,1 per 100 series of melarsoprol. The treatment of encephalopathies with adrenaline according to the protocol of SINA gives very good results and should be generalized. PMID- 6521634 TI - [A Polynesian case of sideropenic dysphagia]. AB - This first case has been found in a polynesian woman, a casual finding of the above condition during a whole heart decompensation. Clinical, biological, endoscopic and therapeutic aspects of Plummer-Vinson syndrome are reviewed. PMID- 6521633 TI - [Historical multifocal tuberculosis in an African (apropos of a case report)]. AB - A case of multifocal tuberculosis, similar to historic description of the disease is reported in a clear skinned African. Lungs, bones and joints (vertebreae, sternum, os coxae), liver and esophagus were affected by the disease. The low level of resistance found in the patient could explain this dissemination. Generally, prognosis is not compulsorily bad if the germ is sensitive to an additional chemotherapy which needs to be sufficiently prolonged. PMID- 6521635 TI - [Mutagenic and gonadotoxic properties of trioxane and dioxolane]. AB - The study was aimed at evaluation of the effects of trioxane and dioxolane on the fertility and frequency of dominant lethal mutations in germ cells of male rats. In the first experiment each test compound was administered per os at doses of 0,1 LD50 or 0,2 LD50 to male rats once a day, 5 days a week, throughout 8 weeks. During every week of treatment each male was mated with two females. In the second experiment, male rats exposed by inhalation 5 hours daily, 5 days a week, for 12 months, to trioxane or dioxolane at concentrations of 2500 mg/m3 were mated through one week with female rats in ratio 1:2. The autopsy of dams was carried out 13-14 days after the middle of mating intervals. No increase in the number of preimplantation losses, dead implants and alive fetuses per female was noted in any treated group as compared to an appropriate control group. The test noted in any treated group as compared to an appropriate control group. The test compounds did not affect the fertility of males, although in some rats treated with trioxane or dioxolane microscopic examination of testes revealed focal necrosis of seminiferous epithelium and alteration of spermatogenesis. The study did not reveal induced dominant lethal mutations in germ cells of male rats treated per os or by inhalation with trioxane or dioxolane. PMID- 6521636 TI - [Toxic effect of carbon tetrachloride on the myocardium. II. Experimental part. A. Histochemical analysis of the rat myocardium in acute carbon tetrachloride poisoning]. AB - The object of the study was rats myocardium. Tissue samples were examined 3, 6 and 12 hours after carbon tetrachloride treatment. The poison was administered by a gastric tube in single dose of 0.6 ml/100 g body weight. The examination carried out by the histochemical method revealed changes in the intensity of enzymatic reaction, whereas due to the Selye staining fuosynophylic fibres were found. PMID- 6521637 TI - Respiratory activity and oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria of the rat brain and liver under conditions of elevated temperature of the environment. AB - The rate of oxygen consumption by mitochondrial fractions of the brain and liver of rats under elevated ambient temperature was investigated. The animals were placed in a thermostatized chamber for 6 hours at 21 degrees, 28 degrees or 37 degrees C. During the experiment, relative humidity in the chamber was controlled. After exposure, the animals were decapitated, mitochondrial fractions isolated and oxygen consumption measured with the Clark electrode. Respiratory substrates of succinate and glutaminate with malate were used. The analysis of the obtained results was based on the t-Student test, assuming the values obtained for the animals staying at 21 degrees as the control values. It was found that the 6 hrs stay under the ambient hyperthermy conditions did not induce any disturbances in the respiratory processes and oxidative phosphorylation in rat's brain and liver mitochondria. PMID- 6521638 TI - [Cytochemical and immunological tests in workers exposed to organic paint and varnish solvents. IV. Nonspecific esterase activity in lymphocytes]. AB - By the histochemical semi-quantitative method, the activity of nonspecific EN esterase in lymphocytes of those occupationally exposed to benzene, toluene and xylene was determined. The airborne concentrations at the workstations were: benzene--0-370, toluene--0-580, xylene--0-560 mg/m3. A reduced number of lymphocytes containing EN in lysosomes and increased number of cells exhibiting EN activity in lysosomes and cytoplasm were found in workers employed over 54 months. That would imply a damage to lysosomes with subsequent displacement of lysosomal enzymes to cytoplasm. In view of the positive correlation between exposure duration and number of lysosomes with damaged EN--positive lysosomes, the authors suggest the histochemical method of semi-quantitative determination of EN activity may be applied to evaluate toxic effects of benzene and its homologues upon lymphocytes. PMID- 6521639 TI - [Occupational exposure of workers in a zinc-processing plant]. AB - Zinc was determined in urine and blood of thase occupationally exposed to that element. Urine was sampled daily for 6 days prior to and after work. Zinc was found to exhibit cumulative properties even when its airborne concentrations did not significantly deviate from normal. PMID- 6521640 TI - [Living and working conditions and the nutrition of workers in the textile industry with pancreatic, biliary tract and intestinal diseases]. AB - The purpose of this paper was to determine the relations between certain digestive tract diseases and essential environmental conditions. Forty parameters, according to a special questionnaire, were compared between the patients suffering from the diseases of pancreas, biliary duct and bowel and the controls. Adverse effects of improper nutrition, smoking and shift-work were found. PMID- 6521641 TI - [Nutritional status of workers in selected departments of the Belchatow Industrial Region]. AB - The measurements of the height, body weight, and thickness of 10 skin-fat folds of 753 healthy men, workers of the Belchatow Industrial Region, were made. The nutrition level of the investigated people was determined basing on the relative body weight, Quetelet's index and the total amount of fat in the body. The results proved that over 80% of the men were properly nourished, 8-11% (depending upon the division)--had deficient body weight, whereas 2-7%--displayed obesity. PMID- 6521642 TI - [Stress-induced changes in the knee joint in men working in a kneeling position]. AB - Basing on clinical and radiological examinations as well as the perfusion of J125 iodoantipyrine in the patella it was found that 39% of paviors and 34.8% floorers exhibited changes resulting from overloading of that joint. Both groups revealed a high correlation between changes due to overloading and length of employment. PMID- 6521643 TI - Parallel structure: a source of facilitation in sentence comprehension. PMID- 6521644 TI - Factors influencing readability of rapidly presented text segments. PMID- 6521645 TI - A generation effect with numbers rather than words. PMID- 6521646 TI - Postcategorical filtering in a bar-probe task. PMID- 6521648 TI - The mispriming effect: evidence of an orthographic check in the lexical decision task. PMID- 6521647 TI - Two stages in postcategorical filtering and selection. PMID- 6521649 TI - A comparison of two techniques for reducing context-dependent forgetting. PMID- 6521650 TI - Semantic satiation affects category membership decision time but not lexical priming. PMID- 6521651 TI - Establishing and accessing referents in discourse. PMID- 6521652 TI - Retrieval processes in perceptual recognition and cued recall: the influence of category size. PMID- 6521653 TI - Using both an auditory and a visual short-term store to increase digit span. PMID- 6521654 TI - Different slopes for different folks: process analysis of spatial aptitude. PMID- 6521655 TI - Elaboration and knowledge acquisition. PMID- 6521656 TI - The kinetics of platelet aggregation induced by fluid-shearing stress. AB - The work herein examines in vitro the kinetics of platelet aggregation in response to the fluid-shearing stress imparted by a rotational viscometer. Aggregation is expressed through changes in particle size histograms and total particle count. Platelet aggregation commenced above 2000 sec-1 shear rate and was stable above 5000 sec-1. Activation by shear required less than 10 sec at all shear rates. At shear rates above 5000 sec-1, the particle count fell by one-half within 10 sec. By this point aggregates of 1000 platelets or more had appeared. Diluting the platelet suspensions suppressed shear-induced aggregation but not aggregation to ADP, supporting the hypothesis that shear-induced platelet aggregation proceeds through chemical release. PMID- 6521657 TI - A model of the vascular resistance and compliance distribution in a lung lobe. AB - The arterial and venous pressure curves obtained after occluding the venous outflow from a dog lung lobe perfused with constant flow contain information about the intralobar longitudinal distribution of vascular resistance (R) and compliance (C). To utilize this information, a lumped model consisting of four parallel C's separated by three serial R's was used. Solutions of the governing differential equations yield a nonlinear system of four algebraic equations in the seven unknowns and the measured data. Three of the equations form a linear subsystem in which the unknowns are the three R's and the coefficients are functions of the four C's. This is an underdetermined system, but when nonnegativity and boundedness constraints are adjoined, the solution set falls within a narrow band of distributions of cumulative R relative to cumulative C. The shape of this band changes when data are obtained from lobes influenced by various vasoactive stimuli revealing the changes in the longitudinal distribution of the vascular resistance relative to the vascular compliance. PMID- 6521658 TI - Transient effects of histamine on the capillary filtration coefficient. AB - The duration of the effect of histamine to increase the capillary filtration coefficient (CFC) was evaluated in isolated, denervated canine forelimb, hindpaw, and gracilis muscle. CFC was estimated at timed intervals during local intraarterial histamine (12 micrograms base.min-1 per 100 ml.min-1 blood flow). Propranolol (3 mg/kg) was administered to inhibit possible catecholamine-mediated inhibition of histamine-induced increases in CFC. The increase in CFC was greatest after 10 min of drug infusion and returned to control values after 25 min of histamine. These data indicate that the effect of histamine to increase CFC is highly transient. The relative contributions of increases in surface area and/or permeability to increases in CFC were assessed by maximally dilating the vasculatures of the three tissues with nitroprusside (increasing surface area to a maximum). Any further increase in CFC produced by combined nitroprusside histamine infusion would then be due to increased permeability. Histamine, when infused concomitantly with nitroprusside, produced further increases in CFC relative to CFC obtained during infusion of nitroprusside alone. The time course for the transient increase in CFC during combined histamine-nitroprusside infusion was similar to the time course during histamine alone. These data suggest that the transient increase in CFC induced by histamine is primarily mediated by a transient increase in microvascular permeability to fluid in all three tissues. The transient nature of this increase in permeability was probably not related to a beta-antagonistic action of the catecholamines (which may have been increased reflexly) because these tissues were beta-blocked with propranolol. An equation was derived to estimate the ratio of the number of gaps which form between venular endothelial cells to the number of small pores. It was concluded that less than 3% of small pores need increase in radius to form large pores or gaps with radii ranging from 195 to 1000 A to explain the increases in CFC demonstrated in the hindpaw and gracilis muscle and that structures beyond the microvascular endothelium may provide the principle resistance to fluid efflux during histamine. PMID- 6521659 TI - Adrenergic sensitivity of different-size gastric submucosal arterioles. AB - A gradation in the vasoconstriction response to norepinephrine has been reported in the rat mesentery, smaller arterioles being more sensitive than larger ones. The purpose of this investigation was to determine if this is also true of the rat gastric submucosal arterioles, the vessels which control gastric mucosal blood flow. The response of different-diameter gastric submucosal arterioles to the topical application of norepinephrine was studied. Arteriolar diameter changes were studied using in vivo microscopy with an image-splitting technique. Responses were expressed as percentage change from basal diameter. In response to topical norepinephrine all arterioles studied demonstrated constriction, escape, and poststimulation dilatation. The constriction responses of the precapillary arterioles (less than 10 mu in diameter) and the larger arterioles (up to 79 micrometers) were of similar magnitude. The precapillary arterioles, however, dilated significantly more than larger ones in the poststimulation period. These studies show that, unlike the rat mesentery, there is no gradation in sensitivity to norepinephrine constriction in the rat gastric submucosal arterioles. PMID- 6521660 TI - Partial chemical characterization of the anionic sites in the basal lamina of fenestrated capillaries. AB - The distribution of anionic sites in the basal laminae of the blood capillaries of the murine pancreas was studied in specimens fixed in ruthenium red (RR) glutaraldehyde mixtures. The sites appeared as discrete, small (6 to 18 nm) particles distributed throughout the three laminae but concentrated primarily in the lamina rara externa, in which--spaced 80-100 nm apart--they formed a planar, partially ordered lattice comparable to that revealed by cationized ferritin in previous studies (M. Simionescu, N. Simionescu, and G. E. Palade, 1982, J. Cell Biol. 95, 425-434). The chemical nature of the anionic sites was explored by incubating fresh tissue specimens in solutions of selected enzymes before fixation in RR-glutaraldehyde mixtures. Pronase P and papain removed completely the anionic sites and left behind an extensively degraded and disorganized basal lamina. Trypsin caused the removal of anionic sites only, did not degrade the rest of the basal lamina, but detached it completely from the endothelium. Chondroitinase ABC reduced slightly the size and the surface density of RR stainable particles, and detached focally the rest of the basal lamina from the endothelium and pericytes. Crude heparinase caused a nearly complete removal of anionic sites, and pure heparitinase gave comparable but less extensive results. Similar effects were recorded on the basal laminae of smooth muscle fibers and pancreatic acini and ducts. The results indicate that the anionic sites of all basal laminae examined are contributed primarily by heparin sulfate proteoglycans and trace amounts of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans. PMID- 6521661 TI - The failure of serum albumin to affect capillary permeability in the isolated rabbit heart. AB - The method of local tissue clearance was used to measure capillary permeability surface area products (PS) for [3H]inulin and [14C]sucrose in the left ventricular wall of the isolated rabbit heart. As soon as a heart was excised, its coronary arteries were perfused with Ringer solution at 37 degrees for at least 30 min before clearance trials were begun. In paired trials, Ringer perfusion fluid containing 1% bovine serum albumin (Sigma) was compared with protein-free Ringer solution in terms of sucrose PS (PSs), inulin PS (PSi), and the PS ratio (Pi/Ps). With or without protein, the mean Pi/Ps was significantly less than the ratio of the free diffusion coefficients. With the untreated albumin, flow resistance rose markedly, and the PSs of both solutes fell but not Pi/Ps. To remove the unidentified vasoactive contaminant (which apparently resisted dialysis), the albumin was "defatted" by the procedure of R. F. Chen (1967, J. Biol. Chem. 242, 173-181). Defatted albumin (1% in the perfusion fluid) did not affect the volume of distribution (lambda) of sucrose or inulin in the myocardium, the heart rate, coronary flow, flow resistance, PSs, PSi, or Pi/Ps. Apparently bovine serum albumin does not influence capillary permeability in the rabbit heart. A protein effect on permeability, however, could have been missed if it has a long latent period (more than 15 min) or a long persistence (more than 30 min). PMID- 6521662 TI - A new microscopic system for the continuous observation of the coronary microcirculation in the beating canine left ventricle. AB - A microscope system was designed using a new type of objective lens which makes possible the direct and continuous observation of the coronary microcirculation throughout the entire cardiac cycle in the beating canine heart. The microscope system consists of a standard microscope and a floating objective system which is composed of a pair of convex lenses and transmits a real image of the coronary microcirculatory bed to a standard microscope without any change in magnification. The convex lens facing the heart is supported by a weight adjusting coil spring and low-resistance ball bearings which allow the lens to move perpendicularly in unison with cardiac motion. To reduce excessive cardiac movement, two 24-gauge needles connected to the animal table by a needle holder are horizontally inserted through the midmyocardium of the left ventricle beneath the area of interest. The epimyocardium of the left ventricle is transilluminated by means of a light pipe and a xenon-arc lamp. The distance between the floating lens and the cardiac surface is kept constant using a spacing device connected to the light pipe holder to prevent the compression of the tissue in the microscopic field of view. This improvement in the microscope system combined with high-speed cinematography greatly facilitates the continuous analysis of the coronary microcirculation in the beating left ventricle throughout the entire cardiac cycle, and may provide a useful approach to the understanding of the regulation mechanism of the coronary circulation. PMID- 6521663 TI - What to do about a big profit. PMID- 6521665 TI - What every physician should know about contracts. PMID- 6521664 TI - Can confidential records be subpoenaed? PMID- 6521666 TI - Dengue type 2 virus infection in human peripheral blood monocyte cultures. AB - Dengue type 2 virus (D2V) infection in cultured human monocytes was studied. D2V permissiveness of the monocytes was enhanced when the cells were inoculated with D2V in the presence of either polyclonal or type-specific monoclonal anti-dengue antibody. The enhancement of D2V permissiveness mediated by the antibodies was more clearly demonstrated when the monocytes had been treated with trypsin before virus inoculation, though treatment of the cells with trypsin alone decreased D2V permissiveness. The enhancement of infection by type-specific neutralizing monoclonal antibody suggests that the D2V particles possess at least two antigenic determinants closely associated with virus infectivity. Infectious center assays revealed that the infection enhancement in the presence of the antibodies was due primarily to an increase in the number of D2V-infected cells, and that only a small proportion of the monocyte population supported D2V replication. The virus-permissive monocytes did not bear HLA-DR antigens on their cell surface. The presence of nonadherent lymphocytes in the monocyte cultures before D2V inoculation did not affect the D2V permissiveness of the monocytes. Treatment of cultured monocytes with the synthetic adjuvants N-acetylmuramyl-L alanyl-D-isoglutamine (MDP) and its lipophilic derivative, [B30]-MDP, did not significantly affect the D2V permissiveness of the cells. PMID- 6521667 TI - Determination of hepatitis B virus DNA in serum by molecular hybridization. AB - Hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA was detected by direct spotting of alkali-denatured serum on a nitrocellulose filter and molecular hybridization with cloned HBV DNA as the probe. Measurement of the autoradiographic signals as the intensity of hybridization allowed the quantitation of HBV DNA content in serum specimens in reference to cloned HBV DNA. Direct spotting of denatured serum was approximately three times as sensitive as the conventional method in which proteinase-treated serum was extracted with phenol-chloroform. The intensity of hybridization with 25 specimens of HB virion concentrates correlated well with DNA polymerase activity (r = 0.89, P less than 0.01). PMID- 6521668 TI - Composition of O-antigenic lipopolysaccharides from Enterobacter cloacae. AB - Analyses have been carried out on lipopolysaccharides (LPS) from 14 strains of Enterobacter cloacae representing different O serotypes. All of the products appeared to have a composition and architecture typical of enterobacterial LPS, but points of interest include the absence of phosphate residues from the core oligosaccharide, the presence of both L-glycero-D-mannoheptose and D-glycero-D mannoheptose (ratio usually about 4:1), and the presence in lipid A of small amounts of fatty acids with odd numbers of carbon atoms (mainly C13) in addition to tetradecanoic acid and 3-hydroxytetradecanoic acid. Monosaccharides identified as components of polymeric fractions from the LPS were glucose, galactose, mannose, rhamnose, glucosamine, galactosamine, fucosamine, and galacturonic acid. Most polymeric fractions also probably contained an O-acetyl substituent. Closely similar chemotypes found for the polymeric fractions from the LPS of cross reacting serotypes support the view that these fractions contain the O-antigenic determinants and represent the side chains of the LPS. PMID- 6521669 TI - Hepatic drug-metabolizing enzyme system and endotoxin tolerance: structural requirement of LPS in induction of an early tolerance. AB - The alteration of hepatic drug-metabolizing enzyme activities in mice given Salmonella endotoxin by single or multiple intraperitoneal injections was investigated. An essentially the same biphasic, early and late phase, endotoxin tolerance was observed in the animals receiving a single injection of endotoxin or repetitive daily injections. The results of reciprocal cross tolerance tests using lipopolysaccharide and free lipid A preparations derived from Salmonella minnesota, Salmonella typhimurium, E. coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Chromobacterium violaceum suggested that lipid A moiety plays an important role in the induction of early endotoxin tolerance to endotoxin response. PMID- 6521670 TI - Prevalence and biochemical properties of Haemophilus species in the oral cavity of healthy adults--investigation of three Japanese individuals. PMID- 6521671 TI - Production of extracellular hemolytic cytotoxin by Legionella bozemanii. PMID- 6521672 TI - Carcinogenesis--devolution towards an ancient nucleated pre-eukaryotic level. AB - Because the mitochondria and the cells housing them are obligatory symbionts, the evolutionary history of cells forms the locus minoris resistentiae which is the prerequisite for the carcinogenetic process. During carcinogenesis, the cells devolve towards an ancient anaerobic nucleated pre-eukaryotic level. True carcinogens cause an accumulation of inclusion bodies in the inner, bacterial, mitochondrial membrane. The mitochondrial damage which is detectable only in the early pretumorous stages, results in the respiratory surface with its enzymes being specifically changed, the mitochondrial and nuclear cycles no longer coinciding, the energy generation being forced to reuse the latent, "prehistoric", mode of respiration and the mitochondrial enzyme systems of soil bacterial origin becoming adapted to use other and more versatile metabolic pathways with a wider variety of end-products than classical glycolysis which produces lactate only. Neither external carcinogens nor oncogens are necessary. An increased, prolonged cell replication activity of physiological type is sufficient to initiate and maintain the process in animals with an inherited neoplastic disposition located in the inner mitochondrial membrane. The neoplastic disposition is inherited maternally: in fertilization the ovum does not receive mitochondria from the spermatocyte. The final results are an overall retardation of cell processes and instability in its structural and functional repertoire, the cytoskeleton (differentiation organelle) of the malignant cell manifesting special patterns. The proposed devolutionary mechanism is feasible as DNA packages are physiological components of soil bacterial membrane and can remain dormant (repressed) for years, or for ever, but under suitable conditions can generate seemingly new species, and particularly because enzyme adaptability is the unique privilege of soil bacteria. PMID- 6521673 TI - Thalamic attention circuitry normal and psychotic. AB - Cortex is not preprogrammed to recognise transthalamic sensory patterns or to prioritize them for motor reaction. Network subsets for these abilities are taught into neocortex in early life from the hippocampi where species-significant pattern-recognition and reaction-prioritizing ARE genetically preprogrammed. Thereafter whenever an indoctrinated subset of cortex is activated via thalamic sensory relay nuclei it axonally activates a specific subset of neurons within the thalamic pulvinar. Pulvinar analogically integrates this with concurrent specific inputs from the thalamic dorsomedial nucleus which itself is integrating inputs from the prefrontal cortex (goals) and the amygdaloid nuclei (moods). The pulvinar's specific integral is then axonally projected back to cortex UNDER NON SPECIFIC BOOST from the thalamic centromedian nucleus. This ensures unitary attention focussing influenced by acquired priorities. Given that neocortex is genetically organized as a classifying mechanism, it also permits virtually limitless part-novel learning and best-match reality-testing of percepts (and concepts in humans). In schizophrenia the non-specific booster system is bilaterally blocked at the centromedian nucleus. In mania the non-specific thalamic system is shunted, at midbrain, into the non-specific direct cortical system. In melancholia both of these brainstem systems are subnormal in non specific output. Figure 1 schematizes the main axonal circuitry. Analogical integration occurs within predominantly dendro-dendritic networks. PMID- 6521674 TI - Antidepressant tachyphylaxis. AB - We report eleven patients in whom tachyphylaxis to antidepressants, lithium or ECT occurred. These cases are a small sample of patients we have encountered in whom an initial good response to mood regulating drugs was not sustained. We suspect that systematic studies would reveal that tachyphylaxis is a common phenomenon with antidepressant therapies. PMID- 6521675 TI - The combined role of atheroma, cholesterol, platelets, the endothelium and fibrin in heart attacks and strokes. AB - In 1920 the typical American diet was rich in cholesterol and fat, especially saturated animal fat, with one-third the polyunsaturated vegetable fat as now; yet in that year, death from myocardial infarction (MI) in the United States was so rare that it had no name or medical recognition. In 1960, when MI deaths in the United States had soared to an alarming rate of 600,000, orthodox medicine concluded that cholesterol and saturated animal fat in food caused elevated cholesterol in blood, which caused cholesterol in atheroma, which in turn caused death from MI and strokes. It is suggested that human atheroma is made up mostly of fibers of either collagen or fibrin, smooth-muscle cells or dead smooth-muscle cells, that it contains but little cholesterol, and that it is present in both men and women and in populations having little or no MI as well as in those where MI is the greatest cause of death. It is suggested that MI is largely caused by coronary blood clots formed at the site of a break in the coronary artery endothelium; that the introduction of a new, unnatural dietary fatty acid--trans trans linoleic acid--in margarine and refined vegetable oils in the 1920s, by inducing a deficiency of beneficial prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) while greatly increasing harmful thromboxane A2 (TXA2), caused vasoconstriction while the clumping of platelets was greatly increased, giving rise to the coronary blood clots that either cause or are part of the fatal process of MI. It is suggested that in fostering the increase of dietary trans-trans linoleic acid in polyunsaturated vegetable fats at the expense of saturated animal fat, orthodox medicine is fostering a principle cause of MI as the cure. PMID- 6521676 TI - An evaluation of the accuracy and reliability of ethylene oxide diffusion badge monitors. AB - Ethylene oxide (EO) gas is widely used in hospitals to sterilize certain moisture and heat-sensitive materials. Based on scientific studies indicating its potential as a human carcinogen and mutagen, and the possible genotoxic, reproductive, neurologic, and sensitization hazards associated with EO exposure, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration has recently lowered the permissible exposure limit (PEL) from 50 ppm to 1 ppm as an 8-hour time-weighted average (TWA). This standard also established an "action level" of 0.5 ppm for an 8-hour TWA, below which employers are exempted from such requirements as periodic employee exposure monitoring or medical surveillance. These much lower concentrations of EO in air now place greater demands upon the analytical techniques used to monitor exposure of hospital personnel to EO. In this study, the capabilities of five EO diffusion monitors were examined in the TWA concentration range of 0.25-3.7 ppm. Both accuracy and precision were tested by exposing these devices simultaneously to measured concentrations of EO in a stainless steel exposure chamber. Temperature and humidity conditions were controlled, as was the flow rate of the gases across the sampling areas of the diffusion monitors. All of the monitors tested were sensitive enough to measure EO at the new PEL level, but in this laboratory investigation only one type of monitoring badge was able to meet the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health criteria of +/- 25% overall system accuracy at the 95% confidence level in the exposure range of 0.5-2.0 X the OSHA PEL. PMID- 6521677 TI - Relative performance of prosthetic heart valves based on power measurements. AB - The in vitro steady and pulsatile flow results of tests of a series of valves are reported. Fifteen mechanical and two tissue valves from 23 mm to 27 mm nominal size from six manufacturers, plus two prototype experimental valves, were tested in the aortic position in a circulation system simulator. Steady-flow pressure drop/flow rate measurements were direct-recorded on an X-Y plotter. Pulsatile flow rate, LVP, AoP, pressure drop, and pressure-drop power were recorded. Input (left ventricle pumping) power was also recorded directly as the multiplier output from the product of flow rate and LVP. Results are presented in tables and graphs. Power loss at 70/min varied from 3% to 6%; backflow from 2.5% to 11%. Valve evaluation is based on the relative valve power loss that the heart must overcome. Backflow is shown to be as important as pressure drop in determining valve performance. A performance index (PI) equal to the percentage pressure-drop power loss plus the percentage backflow is presented as a means for performance rating. PI values from 6 to 17 were obtained on the 19 valves tested. PMID- 6521678 TI - Simple RF matching circuit for conversion of electrosurgical units or laboratory amplifiers to hyperthermia treatment devices. AB - An inexpensive combination RF matching network and power meter circuit is described for matching a broad range of load impedances to an arbitrary source impedance and providing accurate indication of net real power delivered to the load. A schematic is included with component values calculated for an operating frequency of 500 kHz. Specific design equations are given to facilitate frequency or impedance scaling. While general in nature, the matchbox design is intended for safe use with any generator capable of 100-250 W of continuous wave power at an operating frequency between 0.1-10 MHz for inducing localized hyperthermia of biological tissues. Capacitively or resistively coupled RF current heating then may be accomplished using a wide variety of electrode configurations, depending only on tumor geometry and not on matching considerations. PMID- 6521679 TI - Technology for technology's sake. PMID- 6521680 TI - Perspectives on electrical equipment used in oxygen-enriched atmospheres. PMID- 6521681 TI - [Arterial blood circulation disorders]. PMID- 6521682 TI - [Vitamins and minerals in the elderly]. PMID- 6521683 TI - [Nuclear medicine studies in osteomyelofibrosis]. PMID- 6521684 TI - [Incidence of benign and malignant diseases of the rectosigmoid from data of the Gastroenterology Department of the Internal Medicine Service--5 years' data]. PMID- 6521685 TI - [Personal experience in the treatment of rectal prolapse in children]. PMID- 6521686 TI - [Clinical manifestations of gout with renal colic]. PMID- 6521687 TI - [Prognosis of muscular weakness in lumbar radiculopathies based on a clinical evaluation of muscle strength]. PMID- 6521688 TI - [Practical aspects of various types of analyses of urinary tract calculi- advantages of the roentgen diffraction method]. PMID- 6521689 TI - [Generalized form of acquired toxoplasmosis]. PMID- 6521690 TI - [Importance of the early detection of injuries of the symphysis]. PMID- 6521691 TI - [Complete uterine inversion in labor]. PMID- 6521692 TI - [Performance and use of gamma-encephalography]. PMID- 6521693 TI - [Immunotherapy of acute leukemias]. PMID- 6521694 TI - [Current possibilities in the treatment of obesity]. PMID- 6521695 TI - [Characteristics of depressive patients treated at the Neuropsychiatric Clinic in Novi Sad in 1980]. PMID- 6521696 TI - [Possible fate of conceived twins and the birth of a single viable fetus--the "vopiscus"]. PMID- 6521697 TI - [The role of Waldeyer's ring and its management]. PMID- 6521698 TI - [Monodimensional electrophoretic picture of the most frequent hyperaminoacidurias caused by disorders of the intermediate metabolism of aminoacids (pre-renal)]. PMID- 6521699 TI - [Decrease in infant mortality in the Istituto per l'Infanzia di Trieste. Relative importance of the weight increment of the newborn infant and the progress in neonatal care]. PMID- 6521700 TI - [Concentration of trace elements in maternal milk, powdered and cow's milk. Considerations on current metabolic and physiologic knowledge]. PMID- 6521701 TI - [Our experience in the treatment of congenital hypothyroidism diagnosed early]. PMID- 6521702 TI - [Blood methylmalonic acid. Clinical findings in 2 sisters]. PMID- 6521703 TI - [Evaluation of neonatal intensive care. The European experience]. PMID- 6521705 TI - [Electrophoretic and electrophoretic-chromatographic pictures in homocystinuria]. PMID- 6521704 TI - [Relations between brown fat, thermogenesis and obesity]. PMID- 6521707 TI - Children of disturbed parents: a research-based model for intervention. PMID- 6521706 TI - [Preputial plastic surgery creating a two-way sliding rim in the treatment of phimosis]. PMID- 6521708 TI - The PACE family treatment and education program: a public health approach to parental competence and promotion of mental health. PMID- 6521709 TI - Intervention for the severely disturbed mother. PMID- 6521710 TI - Impact project: reducing the risk of mental illness to children of distressed mothers. PMID- 6521711 TI - Reaching the hard-to-reach: serving isolated and depressed mothers with infants in the community. PMID- 6521712 TI - Symposium on neuroimaging. PMID- 6521713 TI - Clinical neuroimaging approaches to cerebrovascular diseases. AB - Because of the importance of therapeutic implications, strokes must first be differentiated into ischemic or hemorrhagic; although such differentiation is often suggested clinically, it usually must be verified by computed axial tomography (CT scan). This discussion reflects this first, broad subdivision of strokes into ischemic or hemorrhagic; within these two subdivision, further discussion is related to specific etiopathologic processes. PMID- 6521714 TI - Neuroimaging in brain swelling. AB - Modern neuroimaging techniques have added to the understanding of brain edema and its earlier diagnosis. It is now possible to quickly know whether a lesion is focal with associated pressure effects or whether the symptoms are due to a diffuse process whose treatment may be different. The various herniation syndromes can be appreciated on the CT without risk to the patient. The neuropathologic proof of earlier pathophysiologic theories of three types of edema (vasogenic, cytotoxic, and interstitial) caused by various diseases need no longer wait for the autopsy specimen; it is strongly suggested by modern neuroimaging techniques. Some disease entities (meningitis, trauma, ischemic infarction) are characterized by several types of edema, depending on when the patient is examined. Swelling of the brain is an important topic to study not only because it is common, but also because it may be fatal. Neuroimaging in brain swelling has led to new knowledge regarding this important subject. This review is primarily that of the computerized tomogram in diagnosing both focal and diffuse swelling of the brain and some basic understanding pathophysiologically that would allow one to explain the image obtained. Because edema is primarily water, it seems likely that magnetic resonance imaging will shed even further light on this intriguing subject. PMID- 6521715 TI - Intracranial neoplasms. AB - CT has made possible the diagnosis of intracranial neoplasms with greater precision than other currently available neurodiagnostic studies. Because it is not always possible to determine the precise pathologic features of these neoplasms without angiography and surgical biopsy, over-reliance on CT should be avoided. PMID- 6521716 TI - CNS trauma: head injuries. AB - Head injuries are a common cause of death and permanent disability, particularly in the first decades of life. The high mortality and morbidity associated with head trauma is due mostly to the severity of the injury itself but also in part to the possible events that could aggravate the primary brain damage. This also occurs in patients with an initially mild head trauma. This article reviews imaging procedures, complications of head trauma, and the order of diagnostic evaluation. PMID- 6521717 TI - Neuroimaging evaluation of patients with headaches. AB - As discussed in the introduction, the rote laboratory and neuroimaging evaluation of a patient with headache but without other neurologic symptoms or signs is often unrewarding. Such evaluations are dictated by the clinical history and examination, hence rely on the diagnostic acumen of the physician. In the case of patients during their initial visit, it is frequently useful to proceed with skull radiographs and, if the symptoms warrant, contrast-enhanced CT scanning. In the future, as NMR imaging becomes more widely available, it may prove useful for these initial clinical evaluations. More invasive procedures, such as angiography, are undertaken only if specific indications, such as those summarized in Table 1, are present. PMID- 6521718 TI - Neuroimaging in multiple sclerosis. AB - Conventional CT studies were the first neuroimaging tools shown to be frequently useful in the assessment of patients with multiple sclerosis. The most commonly noted abnormalities are cerebral atrophy, foci of decreased density, and contrast enhancing lesions. Hypodense lesions may represent either recent or remote sites of demyelination and this can be determined in part by the response of these abnormalities to contrast administration and by their evolution with serial CT studies. There is compelling evidence that CT enhancing lesions correspond to sites of active inflammation and demyelination. High-volume delayed CT studies increase the number of CT abnormalities seen, particularly in patients examined at the time of clinical disease activity. These studies appear to be well tolerated in properly hydrated patients with normal renal function. NMRI studies appear to be the most sensitive way to detect MS lesions and are particularly useful in demonstrating abnormalities in the posterior fossa. Less is known of the pathologic substrate and the evolution of these NMR abnormalities. It appears likely that NMR detected lesions usually do not resolve completely and consequently changes seen with this neuroimaging technique may represent the cumulative effects of past and present disease activity. PMID- 6521719 TI - Neuroimaging of the spine. AB - This article addresses the subject of available technology and techniques of neuroimaging of the spine. It also reviews broad areas of neuropathology such as congenital anomalies, degenerative joint disease, the postoperative spine, disorders of the spinal cord, neoplasia, trauma, and infection. A general approach to the radiographic diagnosis of spinal disorders is covered. PMID- 6521720 TI - [Induction and measurement of delayed hypersensitivity to OK-432]. AB - This study was performed intending to demonstrate whether delayed hypersensitivity (DH) to OK-432 might augment the antitumor effect of intratumoral injection of OK-432. In this preliminary report, we showed that 1) DH to OK-432 was inducible in BALB/c mice by injecting 2KE of OK-432 with Freund's incomplete adjuvant into foot pads 2) DH was assayed by direct macrophage migration inhibition test (MIT) of Harrington's microdroplet method using 100 micrograms/ml of Su-M protein extracted from OK-432 as in vitro test antigen 3) the highest MI was observed in the second week after sensitization 4) strong and stable DH was induced after the second sensitization at the interval of two weeks. PMID- 6521722 TI - [Production of monoclonal antibodies specific to human lung cancer--squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma]. AB - Hybridomas secreting monoclonal antibodies specific for human lung cancer were produced by fusing immunized mouse spleen cells with mouse myeloma line 653. METHODS: BALB/c mice were hyperimmunized with two different histological types of human lung cancer (squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma) obtained from surgery. An immunocytoadherence test was used to select hybridomas secreting antibodies that bound to the patient's lung tumor but did not bind to a B lymphoblastoid cell line derived from the same patient. Five stable antibody producing hybrids (2C6, 5D7 and 5E8 derived from squamous cell carcinoma, 5C7 and 2B7 derived from adenocarcinoma) have been established and cloned. RESULTS: The antibodies bound to other lung tumors and established lung tumor cell lines of the same histological type. Also, some significant reactivity was observed with large cell carcinoma, but the antibodies did not react with small cell carcinoma of the lung, bronchiolo-alveolar cell carcinoma, cancer of the stomach and esophagus, melanoma, several types of leukemias, normal human lung tissue, fibroblasts, or erythrocytes of type A, B or O. Two of the five antibodies, 5C7 and 5E8 cross-reacted with one breast cancer obtained from surgery and 5C7 also cross-reacted with one melanoma biopsy specimen. Moreover, the antibodies have been characterized according to their light and heavy chain isotypes by ouchterlony and radioimmunoassay. PMID- 6521721 TI - [Experimental and clinical study on endocrine therapy of breast carcinoma, with special reference to the nuclear estrogen receptor]. AB - The effects of hormones on growths and estrogen receptor (ER) processing were investigated on human breast carcinomas. Two human breast carcinomas, Br-10 (ERC +,ERn-,PgR-) and MCF-7 (ERc +,ERn +,PgR +), serially transplanted into nude mice were used for the experiments. The tumors were treated with estrogen (E) and/or progesterone (P) or tamoxifen (TAM). Although the growth of Br-10 was enhanced by EP and arrested by TAM, ER processing which was observed by E and EP was also observed temporarily by TAM in the early stage, however it was suppressed subsequently. The growth of MCF-7 was dependent on E and the suppression of ER processing was observed in MCF-7 which was transplanted into nude rats and maintained without hormonal treatment. Accordingly, it was suggested that ER processing could be altered by changes in hormonal environment of hosts. ER translocation by priming the exogenous estrogen in vitro was studied in clinical cases. Whereas ERn was detected in 3 out of 20 cases, ER processing was observed in 10 out of 17 ERc positive breast carcinomas (58.8%) and none observed in 3 ERc negativities. PMID- 6521723 TI - [Several factors influencing the male sexual function in patients with atherosclerotic disease]. AB - Patients with arteriosclerosis obliterans (ASO, n = 58), abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA, n = 27) and the combined disease (n = 4) were the subjects of this study. All patients were evaluated by retrograde aortography and questioned personally as to their present male sexual function. The penile and ankle systolic pressure index (PSPI and ASPI) of patients with ASO were measured using a Doppler device, but in the patients with AAA, only the PSPI was taken. Several factors relating to male sexual function, such as, age, PSPI, ASPI, sites of the arterial occlusion or dilatation, classification of the ischemic symptoms according to Fontaine's category, numbers of pulsations of the femoral artery, were statistically analysed. All of the patients with both diseases, 66 percent of those with ASO and 52 percent of those with AAA were impotent. In the patients with AAA, the PSPI of the potent group was not significantly higher than that of the impotent group; however, in patients with ASO, the PSPI of the former group was significantly higher than that of the latter group. In the patients with ASO, a significant correlation between the PSPI and the ASPI (r = 0.49, p less than 0.01) was found. When a PSPI value (PSPI = 0,70) was chosen as a demarcation between the impotent group and the potent group, 84 percent of the patients with ASO were correctly classified. However, when the ASPI (ASPI = 0.45) was used, only 69 percent were properly classified.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6521724 TI - [Several characteristics of tissue cultured human esophageal cell lines]. AB - Seven cell lines have been established from specimens of esophageal cancer bearing patients and examined as to following characteristics. These cells showed various degree of keratinization from scarce tonofilaments to abundant tonofilament bundles within cytoplasm. The ability of tonofilament formation in vitro corresponded well with cancer pearl formation in vivo. but TE-3 strain did not produce tonofilaments whereas it showed marked cancer pearl formation when transplanted to hairless mouse. Consumption of amino acid, arginine, was common to all cell lines and accumulation of glycine and amino acids constituting urea cycle was also common. Serine, aspartic acid and branched chain amino acids were consumed in varying degrees, depending upon the cell line. Especially serine consuming cell line did not consume aspartic acid and vice versa. These seven cell lines showed considerable variety of survival curves for the various agents. These reactions to the drugs seemed to be "individual" and rather independent of the histopathological classification. In conclusion, a fixed method of therapy for cases of esophageal cancer does not seem to be indicated because of the considerable variety in their characteristics of the cancer cells in each patient. PMID- 6521725 TI - [Effect of obstructive jaundice on acute gastric ulceration viewed from gastric mucosal energy metabolism in rats]. AB - The mechanism of acute gastric ulceration in rats with obstructive jaundice was investigated in terms of the changes in the gastric mucosal energy metabolism. Rats were divided into 4 groups as follows: control, vagotomized, jaundiced, and jaundiced and vagotomized group. The water immersion and restraint procedures were performed and the ulcer index was calculated. The change of energy metabolism in the gastric mucosa of corpus and antrum was clarified by measuring ATP and energy charge. The following results were obtained: Vagotomized group showed significant decreased ulcer index, however, the gastric mucosal energy metabolism were unchanged compared to the control group after stress. Jaundiced group showed significant higher ulcer index, and the early, significant depression of the gastric mucosal energy metabolism compared to the control group. Jaundiced and vagotomized group showed significant improvement of ulcer index and gastric mucosal energy metabolism compared to the jaundiced group. The gastric energy metabolism of the corpus revealed more prominent depression than that of the antrum in jaundiced group, and jaundiced and vagotomized group. These data suggested that the deterioration of the gastric mucosal energy metabolism after stress was enhanced under the condition of obstructive jaundice and these results were improved by vagotomy. PMID- 6521726 TI - [Experimental study on quantitative evaluation of fatty liver by computed tomography]. AB - Biochemical, histological and CT examinations of the liver were performed in 32 rabbits on significance of measuring CT values in the diagnosis of fatty liver. In 2 groups of rabbits, in which 2g/kg/day and 4g/kg/day of fat emulsion were administered intravenously for 4 weeks respectively, post-treatment reduction in CT value of light degree was observed. In a group, in which 8g/kg/day were given, there was a sufficient reduction in CT value for giving diagnosis of fatty liver of moderate degree. Significant correlation was found between changes in CT value of the liver on the one hand and contents of triglyceride, total cholesterol and cholesterol ester in the liver on the other hand, while there was, no significant correlation between changes in CT value and contents of phospholipid, protein and water. Significant correlation was found between changes in CT value of the liver and degrees of histological fat accumulation in the liver cells. It has been evidenced experimentally that prolonged administration of fat emulsion may cause fatty liver, and that measurement of CT values of the liver is a non-aggressive method of diagnosing fatty liver. PMID- 6521727 TI - [Experimental study on the antitumor activity of regional lymph nodes during immunotherapy]. AB - In ascites hepatoma MH134-bearing C3H/He mice, the hemolytic streptococcus preparation OK-432 was administered as model immunotherapy for malignant tumors, and the significance of the presence of regional lymph nodes and changes in cellular immunological competence were investigated. The antitumor effects of OK 432 were greater in tumor-bearing mice in which the regional lymph nodes were preserved than in those lacking regional lymph nodes, showing the significance of the presence of regional lymph nodes during immunotherapy. Regarding lymphocytes in the regional lymph nodes, the Thy 1,2 antigen positive cell ratio, PHA blast formation reaction, cytotoxic activity against YAC-1 cells and MH134 cells as the target cells were determined. Although these values were decreased in proportion to the progress of the tumor, the administration of OK-432 suppressed the decrease. In terms of the increase ratio of the values after the administration of OK-432, the effects of OK-432 on the regional lymph nodes were greater than those on other lymph nodes. It is presumed that immunotherapy suppressed a decrease in cellular immunological competence of regional lymph nodes in proportion to the progress of the tumor and allowed the recovery of the antitumor activity. PMID- 6521728 TI - [Clinical evaluation of a femoral compression method for ischemic legs by transcutaneous oxygen tension measurement]. AB - Transcutaneous oxygen tension (TcPo2) of the lower extremities was investigated in 20 patients of peripheral arterial occlusive disease. TcPo2 was monitored from bilateral calf and dorsum of the foot. Femoral compression method meant that the tourniquet was set at femoral region and the tourniquet was inflated to a suprasystolic pressure for 4 minutes, after cuff was deflated, TcPo2 returned to the initial level. T(min) was the time it took until initial TcPo2 level. T1/2(min) was the time it took until 50 percent of the initial level. The following results were obtained. T1/2 showed significant relation to Ankle Pressure Index. T1/2 of dorsum of foot showed blood flow of distal side of calf region and T1/2 of calf showed blood flow of femoral region. T1/2 was significant difference between ASO and TAO, among different sites of peripheral vascular occlusion. T1/2 measurement was a much more useful indicator of limb flow after operation than TcPo2 measurement. PMID- 6521729 TI - On the role of peroxisomes in the metabolism of lipids--evidence from studies on mammalian tissues in vivo. AB - Recent investigations into the role of peroxisomes in mammalian lipid metabolism have employed double isotope methodologies to examine the influence of peroxisomal agents on lipid turnover in the liver and extra hepatic tissues of the living animal. The action of these agents, all of which caused extensive changes in the flux of lipid metabolism in the treated animals, may best be viewed in relation to their effects on the common pathway of fatty acid oxidation in peroxisomes. Clofibrate, for example, acts through induction of peroxisomal oxidases and catalase; glycolate and ethanol through activation of this pathway; and aminotriazole and allylisopropylacetamide through inhibition of the catalase step in the sequence. The data from these studies provide support for the concept of an important contributory and regulatory role of peroxisomes in relation to the overall balance of lipid metabolism, and emphasize that these organelles play a significant role in the oxidation of common fatty acids, as well as a potential for the elimination of fatty acids that are poorly oxidized by mitochondria. Additionally, the data raise intriguing questions on the extension of peroxisomal influence to include phospholipid metabolism and the substantial degree of inter tissue communication which is involved in the balance of lipid metabolism in the whole animal. PMID- 6521730 TI - Sequential alterations in the micro-localization of catalase in mouse liver after treatment with hypolipidemic drugs. AB - A comparative study has been carried out on the micro-localization of catalase in mouse tissues subsequent to treatment with a representative range of hypolipidemic drugs. A commonality of effect was shown by clofibrate (ethyl-alpha p-chlorophenoxyisobutyrate), Wy-14,643 (4-chloro-6-[2,3 xylidino)-2 pyrimidinylthio] acetic acid), RMI-15,414 (5-tetradecyloxy-2-furancarboxylic acid) and aspirin (acetyl salicylic acid), in that treatments with each of these drugs was associated with the release of peroxisomal catalase into the cytoplasmic compartment of liver and kidney. It was also noticeable that this increased cytosolic activity was characterized by the presence of an 'aged' form of the enzyme with different mobility and activity characteristics to that of the peroxisomal enzyme. Possible molecular bases for these effects and their relationship to peroxisomal biogenesis are discussed. PMID- 6521731 TI - Regulatory mechanisms of fatty acid isomers on adenylate cyclase activity from Ceratitis capitata brain. AB - The regulatory properties of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids on membrane bound preparations of adenylate cyclase from Ceratitis capitata brains have been investigated. Saturated long-chain fatty acids do not exhibit any significant modification of the enzyme activity of the enzyme preparations but the presence of one, two or three double bonds in the 18C chain provokes an inhibitory effect. Binding of oleate and linoleate to the membrane enzyme preparation is non specific and simply stoichiometric in the range of concentrations examined. Studies of cis and trans isomers of the double-bond isomers, 18:1(n-9) and 18:1(n 11), reveal the higher inhibitory effect of the cis isomers on membrane-bound adenylate cyclase of the insect brain. The inhibitory effect of cis-vaccinate in the basal conditions of the enzyme assay is identical to the effects obtained in the presence of GTP and octopamine. Insect membrane preparations were labeled with 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene as fluorescent probe and treated with cis and trans 18:1(n-9) and 18:1(n-11). The fluorescence polarization parameter was measured, from which the microviscosity of the preparations was calculated; microviscosity of the membranes treated with both cis isomers decreased in a clear extent whereas it is not influenced by the trans isomers. PMID- 6521733 TI - [Binding of bis-(2-guanidoethyl)disulfide with DNA and polyriboadenylic acid in an aqueous solution. Study by ultrasonic velocimetry]. AB - The interaction of DNA and poly(A) with bis-(2-guanidoethyl)disulfide (GED) which is the most simple model of arginine containing proteins has been investigated by means of ultrasonic velocimetry. It has been shown that the association of GED with nucleic acids proceeds by two stages. The stoichiometric relationships and association constants for each of these stages are estimated. A mechanism of the binding is proposed. PMID- 6521732 TI - [Study of the effect of different concentrations of a detergent on the chromatin structure of Physarum polycephalum during the mitotic cycle]. AB - The influence of different concentrations of detergent Joy on the chromatin structure of Physarum polycephalum in the process of mitotic cycle was studied electronmicroscopically. The investigations showed that at Joy concentrations less than 0,01% a small part of nuclei disrupt and, as a rule, chromatin is insufficiently dispersed; at concentrations more than 0,1% the detergent may influence the chromatin structure of Physarum polycephalum. Based on the data obtained we consider that the optimal detergent concentrations that practically do not influence the chromatin structure and lead to disruption of the majority of nuclei and to the proper dispersion of chromatin is 0,1-0,01%. PMID- 6521734 TI - [A new super-secondary protein structure: the alpha alpha-angle]. AB - A novel super-secondary structure consisting of two consecutive alpha-helices connected by a polypeptide chain and packed approximately crosswise is considered in the paper. Such locally ordered regions of proteins are described here as alpha alpha-corners. Almost always one of the two possible "mirror-symmetrical" forms is observed in the proteins. The polypeptide chain of the alpha alpha corner with a short connection consisting of two peptide units has ...alpha R alpha R alpha L beta beta alpha R alpha R... conformation. It is shown that amino acid sequences coding for the alpha alpha-corners must have a strictly definite alternation of hydrophobic, hydrophilic and glycine residues. The packing of the remaining alpha-helices of a protein molecule can be obtained if the alpha alpha corner is taken as the origin of folding. PMID- 6521735 TI - [Rheological properties of salt-free solutions of H+- and Na+-DNA]. AB - Rheological properties of the water solutions of H+- and Na+-DNA were studied at shear rates in the range of 0.12-126 sec-1. It was found that the concentration dependences of reduced viscosity of these systems have the maxima which displaced to the left along abscissa after ultrasonic degradation or long keeping and to the right after the salt or urea addition. Na+-DNA solutions have the rheological curve of flow typical of pseudoplastical systems (RCF-1): the viscosity decreases with increasing shear rate. H+-DNA solutions undergo RCF-1 RCF-2 transition leading to reverse dependence of viscosity on shear rate after long keeping or sonicating (i. e. the systems become dilatant). At centrifugation and in shear fields RCF-2 RCF-1 transition occurs. Urea prevents both transitions. These discovered phenomena as well as weakening of the dilatant properties in concentrated H+-DNA solutions allow us to assume that in these systems exist circular structures consisting of single strands of DNA associated by means of ionic bonds between phosphates and protonated bases. Rheological behaviour of DNA obtained by the method of Georgiev and Struchkov was explained by the presence of circular double stranded DNA molecules in their preparations. The analysis of the non-equilibrium behavior of water solutions of DNA allows to determine the rate constants of H+- and Na+-DNA unwinding. PMID- 6521736 TI - [Simulation of interactions in the co-planar nucleic acid base pairs using atom atom potential functions]. AB - Calculations of the energy of nucleic acid base interactions as a function of parameters determining mutual position of two bases in a plane have been performed. Atom-atom potential functions used include terms proportional to the first (electrostatic), sixth (or tenth for the atoms of hydrogen bond) and 12th power of interatomic distance. The calculations have shown the existence of 27 energy minima which correspond to the formation of co-planar pairs with two (or three for G : C pair) almost linear N--H...O and N--H...N hydrogen bonds. The positions of nitrogen bases bound by two hydrogen bonds in every crystal of nucleic acid components, in the complexes of polynucleotides and in tRNA are near to the positions in one of these minima. In addition for every pair there exist energy minima which correspond to the formation of one N--H...O or N--H...N and one C--H...O or C--H...N hydrogen bond. Energy behavior near minima have been investigated. The results of our calculations are in agreement with experimental data and with the calculations which employ quantum mechanical results. PMID- 6521737 TI - [Interaction of immobilized DNA with alkaline metal and ammonium ions]. AB - Ion exchangers with various capacities (0.1-0.2 mg-equiv/g of dry gel) are synthesized by means of immobilization of DNA in polyacrylamide gel. Exchanges of alkali metal cations and ammonium are studied on these exchangers and selectively coefficients are determined. The following selectivity series of immobilized DNA in reference to the above-mentioned cations is stated: Li+ greater than or equal to NH4+ greater than or equal to Cs+ greater than Rb+ greater than K+ greater than or equal to Na+. The peculiar properties of Li+ and NH4+ in this series are noted and a possible explanation of this fact is offered. A supposition regarding the reduced activity of water in the polyacrylamide gel containing DNA is made. PMID- 6521738 TI - [Stereochemistry and kinetics of interaction with DNA of the antineoplastic antibiotic olivomycin]. AB - The kinetics of interaction of antitumor glycoside antibiotic olivomycin with DNA has been investigated. The existence of two relaxation times in the experimental kinetics curves indicates that two types of antibiotic--DNA complex are formed. We have measured the rate constants of association and dissociation processes and determined their temperature dependences. It is suggested, that one of the complex form results from nonspecific interaction between glycoside residues of the antibiotic molecule and sugar-phosphate backbone of DNA whereas the other type of complex exhibits a pronounced specificity for GC-rich regions on DNA. The binding specificity probably results from formation of a H-bond between the antibiotic chromophore ring and guanine 2-amino group. A stereochemical model for olivomycin-DNA complex is proposed. According to this model the antibiotic chromophore and glycoside residues are located in the narrow groove of DNA. PMID- 6521739 TI - [Study of the structural organization of RNA from phage MS2 using fluorescent dyes]. AB - The spatial organization of phage MS2 RNA by binding to ethidium bromide (EtBr) and acridine orange (AO) to RNA was studied. The analyses of dye interaction by spectrophotometric and fluorometric methods have demonstrated that only about a half of 65-70% nucleotides of double-stranded segments can interact with AO and EtBr. On the other hand all the single-stranded segments appear to be accessible to AO binding. These interactions did not practically change when ionic strength (0.01-0.3), Mg2+ and Zn2+ concentrations (10(-3) M) or pH (4.7-7.4) varied. The data permit to suppose that phage MS2 RNA has a very stable tertiary structure which makes part of double-stranded segments unaccessible to inter calating dyes. Taking these and other facts into consideration we suppose that double-stranded segments play an important role in stabilization of the RNA tertiary structure. One of the most possible structure is a compact "rod-like" intramolecular aggregate of double-stranded hairpin-like segments of RNA with parallel orientation. PMID- 6521740 TI - [Electron microscope maps of SA7 DNA melting]. AB - Electron microscopic denaturation maps corresponding to the first peaks of the differential melting curve of SA7 DNA were constructed by fixation of partly denatured molecules with glyoxal at temperatures within the melting range. These maps were oriented with respect to the functional map of the virus genome. The localization and the size of the most AT-rich SA7 DNA regions were determined. PMID- 6521742 TI - [Means of optimizing light energy conversion in the primary stages of photosynthesis. II. Optimization of the structure of an uniform photosynthetic unit lattice]. AB - The possibility of optimization of the structure of a model photosynthetic unit lattice is analysed. The efficiency of the photosynthetic unit operation is evaluated from the time of excitation energy trapping by reaction centers. The calculations assume a Forster inductive resonance mechanism for energy transfer within light--harvesting antenna and pairwise dipolar interactions. We use the probability matrix method which is adapted to excitation trapping time (but not to excitation jumps number) calculation. It is shown that the specific anisotropy of the distances between antenna molecules (which is in principle possible due to the diskshaped form of chlorophyll molecules) in combination with the optimal spatial arrangement of reaction centers as "well regulated clusters" allows to decrease the time of excitation energy trapping by over an order of magnitude. The requirements for optimization of the structure of a macroscopic photosynthetic unit lattice and the consequences following from them for the in vivo systems are formulated. PMID- 6521741 TI - [Means of optimizing conversion of light energy in the primary stages of photosynthesis. I. The need for optimizing the structure of a photosynthetic unit and calculation of its efficiency]. AB - It is shown, that the photosynthetic unit structure is to be strongly optimized in vivo to operate with a 90% quantum yield of primary charge separation in reaction centers, which means that a macroscopic photosynthetic unit is neither uniform nor isotropic. Some requirements for optimization of photosynthetic unit structure are determined. The modified probability matrix method to simulate the excitation energy transfer in photosynthesis is proposed. The method is adapted to excitation trapping time (but not to excitation jumps number) calculation. The calculations assume a Forster inductive resonance mechanism for energy transfer within light-harvesting antenna and pairwise dipolar interactions. PMID- 6521743 TI - [Anisotropic flexibility of DNA depends on the base sequence. Conformation calculations of double-stranded tetranucleotides AAAA:TTTT, (AATT)2, (TTAA)2, GGGG:CCCC, (GGCC)2, (CCGG)2]. AB - The bending flexibility of six tetramers was studied in an assumption that they were extended in the both directions by regular double helices. The bends of B DNA in different directions were considered. The stiffness of the B-DNA double helix when bent into the both grooves proved to be less pronounced than in the perpendicular direction by the order of magnitude. Such an anisotropy is a feature of the sugar-phosphate backbone structure. The calculated fluctuations of the DNA bending along the dyad axis, 5-7 degrees, are in agreement with the experimental value of DNA persistence length. Anisotropy of the double helix is sequence-dependent: most easily bent into the minor groove are the tetramers with purine-pyrimidine dimer (RY) in the middle. In contrast, YR dinucleotides prefer bending into the major groove, moreover, they have an equilibrium bend of 6-12 degrees into this groove. The above inequality is caused by the stacking interaction of the bases. The bend in the central dimers is distributed to some extent between the adjacent links, though the main fraction of the bend remains within the central link. Variation of the sugar-phosphate geometry in the bent helix is unessential, so that DNA remains within the limits of the B-family of forms: namely, when the helical axis is bent by 20 degrees the backbone dihedral angles vary by no more than 15 degrees. The obtained results are in accord with the X-ray structure of B-DNA dodecamer; they further substantiate our earlier model of DNA wrapping in the nucleosome by means of "mini-kinks" separated by a half-pitch of the double helix, i.e. by 5-6 b. p. Sequence-dependent anisotropy of DNA presumably dictates the three-dimensional structure of DNA in solution as well. We have found that nonrandom allocation of YR dimers leads to the systematic bends in the equilibrium structure of certain DNA fragments. To the four "Calladine rules" two more can be added: the minor-groove steric clash of purines in the YR sequences are avoided by: (1) bending of the helix into the major groove; (2) increasing the distance between the base pairs (stretching the double helix). PMID- 6521744 TI - Signals and signal processing--II. Aspects of ligand binding to non-antigen receptors. PMID- 6521745 TI - Signals and signal processing--II. Aspects of ligand binding to non-antigen receptors. PMID- 6521747 TI - [Preoperative risk evaluation in juvenile ileus]. AB - Preoperative risk calculation in children with bowel obstruction allows early therapeutic measures to improve prognosis. In a retrospective study the preoperative status was evaluated in 310 newborns and 127 children beyond the newborn period who had to be operated for bowel obstruction. Preoperative parameters were: age, birth weight (newborns), weight, body temperature, red and white blood count, electrolytes, urea-nitrogen, total serum protein, pH, PO2, PCO2 and base excess. These parameters were compared in surviving children and children who died postoperatively. In newborns a statistically significant difference between both groups was found for birth weight, rectal temperature, pH and total serum protein, whereas in children beyond the newborn age the same was true for age, weight and total serum protein. Besides well balanced electrolytes and good management of artificial respiration, total serum protein and in newborns additionally blood-pH and rectal temperature must be normalized preoperatively to reduce the risk in children with bowel obstruction. PMID- 6521746 TI - Contribution of activated C3 to lymphocyte-mediated target lysis: complement dependent cellular cytotoxicity. AB - Lysis of Raji cells by human lymphocytes was found to be enhanced if human serum was added to the assay. This was not due to the contribution of antibodies because hypogammaglobulinemic serum also augmented cytotoxicity. The results suggest that the mechanism of the enhancement was due to activation of C3 by the Raji cells. We assume that the cleavage products are deposited on cell surfaces in such a way that they contribute to contact between effector and target. Previous reports in two antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity systems provided other examples for the existence of this phenomenon. PMID- 6521748 TI - [Noninvasive intracranial pressure measurement at the anterior fontanelle in the first days of life]. AB - A continuous registration of intracranial pressure by aplanation-tonometry on the anterior fontanelle was performed in 12 healthy term newborns during the night hours of the first 3 days. The median intracranial pressure of the first day was 4.01 +/- 2.74 cm H2O. There was a slight increase between the first and the second day of life and a significant increase between second and third day up to 5.84 +/- 2.66 cm H2O. In our interpretation this result is a sign for the active reconfiguration of the skull by increasing intracranial pressure, which may be a consequence of changing tonus of cerebral vessels. PMID- 6521749 TI - [Rupture of a coronary artery aneurysm in mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome (Kawasaki syndrome). Demonstration of the coronary aneurysms by 2-dimensional echocardiography]. AB - A further case of mucocutaneous lymphnode syndrome (MCLS) in infancy with multiple aneurysms both of the coronary arteries and systemic arteries is presented. Aged four months the male infant died of rupture of an aneurysm of the right coronary artery causing a hemopercardium. The aneurysms both of the coronary and systemic arteries were diagnosed intra vitam by 2-dimensional echocardiography. PMID- 6521750 TI - [Air embolism as a rare occurrence of the air leakage complex in premature infants on artificial respiration]. AB - A premature baby requiring mechanical respiratory aid because of severe IRDS developed an interstitial pulmonary emphysema and died of massive gas embolism. Air trapped in the pulmonary interstitium because of rupture of overinflated alveoli, penetrated into the pulmonary lymphatics and entered the venous system via the thoracic duct. PMID- 6521751 TI - [Intervention indications, goals and evaluation criteria in obesity therapy in early childhood]. PMID- 6521752 TI - Necrotizing pulmonary aspergillosis with oxalosis. PMID- 6521753 TI - Histoplasmosis duboisii. Notes and comments on two African cases observed in Nantes. PMID- 6521755 TI - Scalp infection by trichophyton gallinae (a case report from Pakistan). PMID- 6521754 TI - [Antepartal vaginal yeast contamination today]. PMID- 6521756 TI - Magnetic field of the earth as additional zeitgeber for endogenous rhythms? AB - The influence of 50% decrease and increase of the earth magnetic field on the activity of the enzymes hydroxyindole-O-methyltransferase (HIOMT) and N-acetyl serotonintransferase (NAT) is proved in vivo and in vitro. NAT and HIOMT catalyse the melatonin biosynthesis in the pineal gland and in the retina. Our results support the hypothesis of Leask and Schulten, that molecular magnetic field sensitivity is the basis of animals' magnetic field detection. PMID- 6521757 TI - The structure of deoxylapachol, the contact allergen of Tectona grandis L. PMID- 6521758 TI - Sirenian molecular systematics--including the extinct Steller's sea cow (Hydrodamalis gigas). PMID- 6521759 TI - Avian primary auditory neurons. The relationship between characteristic frequency and preferred intervals. PMID- 6521760 TI - Location of the hidden break in large subunit ribosomal RNA of Artemia salina. PMID- 6521761 TI - Variability of cadmium and lead concentrations in bird feathers. PMID- 6521763 TI - [Health ethics and principles of medicine]. PMID- 6521762 TI - [The second diagnosis]. PMID- 6521764 TI - [Strongly increased greying of the hospital population]. PMID- 6521765 TI - [Art and perception; a psychological-physiological study]. PMID- 6521766 TI - [Pathophysiologic aspects of tourism and sports at high altitudes]. PMID- 6521767 TI - [What advice does the family physician give his patient who wants to go to the high mountains?]. PMID- 6521768 TI - [Hand injuries caused by fireworks]. PMID- 6521769 TI - [The pathogenesis of zombies: paranormal phenomenon scientifically explained?]. PMID- 6521770 TI - [Health sciences, a new course of study at the Leiden State University]. PMID- 6521771 TI - [The continent urostomy]. PMID- 6521772 TI - [Paraquat poisoning in the Netherlands, 1972-1982]. PMID- 6521773 TI - [Surgical treatment of tracheal stenosis]. PMID- 6521774 TI - [Sequelae of anesthesis in routine operations]. PMID- 6521775 TI - [Ambulatory treatment with antidepressive agents]. PMID- 6521776 TI - [Experimental course of study, General Medicine, at the Catholic University of Nijmegen]. PMID- 6521777 TI - [Reporting of the side effects of drugs; is there room for quality control?]. PMID- 6521778 TI - Experience with cholecystectomy at the University of Nebraska Hospital. PMID- 6521779 TI - Ludwig's angina. PMID- 6521780 TI - Adrenergic receptors and the sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). PMID- 6521781 TI - A survey of rubella susceptible females in Nebraska. PMID- 6521782 TI - Physicians and high school career days--a preppie's guide to growing up to be a doctor. PMID- 6521783 TI - [Participation of the auditory centers of Rhinolophus ferrum-equinum in echolocational tracking of a moving target]. AB - Behavioral and bioacoustic techniques were used to investigate the role of the auditory cortex and inferior colliculi in echolocative detection and tracking of moving targets by the greater horseshoe bat as well as their role in the regulation of vocal apparatus. It is demonstrated that complete bilateral auditory cortex destruction leads to considerable and irreversible changes in the process of tracking of moving targets but produce no detectable effect on the functioning of the vocal apparatus. Complete bilateral destruction of the inferior colliculi causes a loss of responses to moving targets (an artificial target or an insect). Animals with bilaterally destructed inferior colliculi show drastic changes in spectra of their echolocation calls manifested as occurence of multiple high- and low-frequency spectral components. The data suggest that the inferior colliculi of the midbrain are directly involved in echolocative tracking of moving targets and in matching of reception-emitting system of the bat. Participation of the auditory cortex in the process of echolocative detection of moving targets involves optimization of the echolocation system performance. PMID- 6521784 TI - [Activity of motor cortex neurons in the cat during a conditioned postural change reflex]. AB - Spike activity of unitary motor cortex (area 4) neurons was recorded during performance of conditioned reflex postural adjustment in cats. Changes in activity of most neurons (increase of discharge frequency) correlated with conditioned-reflex supporting movement of the forelimb. These neuronal reactions had specific polycomponent patterns and preceded the conditional movements by 50 600 ms. Neuronal reactions connected with erroneous positive movement responses to differential stimuli and spontaneous "interstimular" movements had the same direction but were less intensive and occurred in most cases synchronously with these movements. Neuronal reactions and postural adjustments simultaneously disappeared during reflex extinction. The proposed method of elaboration of conditioned reflex of postural adjustments permits obtaining standard natural coordinated forelimb movements which form the necessary initial component of more complex behavioral reactions. PMID- 6521785 TI - [Background activity of neurons of the cortical portions of the limbic system of the rabbit brain]. AB - Background activity recorded extracellularly in cortical limbic areas of unanesthetised rabbits was analyzed by means of a computer. Special attention was payed to the rhythmic components of the activity in theta- and delta-range. Only small proportion of units (5-12%) in various structures, except lateral entorhinal cortex possessed rhythmic modulation in theta-range. Delta-modulation was observed in all investigated areas, but had various characteristics. It was very prominent both in subiculum (45% of units) and in entorhinal cortex (22%). While in subiculum (as in other areas) it consisted of high-frequency short bursts with long interburst intervals, the opposite was typical of entorhinal cortex. Arousing stimuli increased frequency and regularity of theta-bursts and desynchronized delta-activity in majority of structures; in entorhinal cortex they increased intraburst frequency of discharges without influencing frequency or regularity of the bursts. PMID- 6521786 TI - [2 types of eye movements during electric stimulation of the rostral and caudal portions of the medial frontal "oculomotor" zone in the cat]. AB - Electrical stimulation of mesial wall of the hemisphere with a portion of the lower lip of the cruciate sulcus in awake alert cat elicited two types of eye movements. Stimulation of the caudal part of this area evoked contraversive conjugate saccadic eye movements whose directions and amplitudes were independent of the position of the eye in the orbit. Stimulation of the rostral part evoked conjugate eye movements in the central position (centring saccades). The topographical distribution of evoked eye movement directions in the caudal part of the studied area led to the conclusion about its retinotopic organization where vertical saccades (up and down), evoked at the lateral side of the lower lip of the cruciate sulcus, marked the place of projection of the vertical meridian. The repeated appearance of vertical saccades from the mesial wall of the hemisphere suggests existence of more then one retinotopic area in this part of the brain. PMID- 6521787 TI - [Features of the neuronal organization of the periaqueductal gray substance of the midbrain in the cat]. AB - On the basis of morphological investigations two areas were distinguished in the periaqueductal grey of the cat midbrain: medial, directly surrounding the sylvius aqueduct and containing small neurons with significant (P less than 0.001) prevalence of fusiform cells and lateral with larger neurons, where triangular cells were significantly (P less than 0.001) prevalent. The neurons of the medial area displayed a significant (P less than 0.001) tendency of their dendrite orientation towards the sylvius aqueduct. PMID- 6521788 TI - [Functional differentiation of afferents of the superior laryngeal nerve in the cat]. AB - Excitability of the electrically stimulated superior laryngeal nerve afferents and reflex discharges in the respiratory motor nerves were studied on cats under light nembutal anesthesia. Three types of group A afferent fibres were differentiated according to their functional role in reflex response initiation. Low-threshold afferent fibres (A beta) are concerned with proprioceptive activation of laryngeal muscles, the group of A gamma afferents participates in regulation of the respiratory phase-switching mechanisms and high-threshold afferent fibres (A delta) support protective respiratory reflexes. PMID- 6521789 TI - [Reorganization of the evoked neuronal activity of the dorsomedial nucleus of the thalamus in the rat shortly after destruction of the basolateral nuclei of the amygdala]. AB - Characteristics of the thalamic dorso-medial nucleus neuronal responses evoked by stimulation of the periamygdaloid cortex before and after the baso-lateral amygdala destruction were compared in anesthetized rats. Appearance of a new reaction in the form of a long rhythmic bursts and reliable decrease of phasic active units and increase in the number of cells with tonic activation were found after such destruction. The number of units with spontaneous discharge increased without affecting the spontaneous discharge frequency. The mean duration of the tonic discharge increased from 142.5 +/- 42.4 ms to 375.4 +/- 53.8 ms but other parameters of the neuronal reactions did not differ significantly. PMID- 6521790 TI - [Relation between the functional organization of receptive fields of the lateral geniculate body of the cat and visual stimulus contrast]. AB - The functional organization of receptive fields in the lateral geniculate body of cat was studied depending on the contrast of visual stimuli. In receptive fields which reorganize with contrast in the central zone of summation obtained at low contrast there appears an additional inhibitory ring at high contrast. The role of this phenomenon for processing of high spatial frequencies at high contrast is discussed. PMID- 6521791 TI - [Characteristics of the connections of superior olivary and inferior collicular neurons reacting to the presentation of amplitude-modulated stimuli with synchronized discharges in the bat]. AB - Anterograde and retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase revealed projections from local neuronal populations in the superior olivary complex and inferior colliculus of bats which specifically responded to amplitude-modulated stimuli to nucleus reticularis pontis oralis. Neurons from this reticular nucleus generated synchronized discharges to amplitude-modulated stimuli within frequency ranges corresponding to those in the specific auditory structures. A conclusion is made that after encoding in the specific auditory channel, synchronized discharges propagate outside the sensory system. PMID- 6521792 TI - [Detector neurons of the visual cortex of the chipmunk]. AB - Three functional classes of neurons are described in the Siberian chipmunk visual cortex: neurons nonselective to movement direction, movement-direction-selective neurons and orientation-selective neurons. Nonselective and direction-selective neurons showed maximum adaptiveness at high speeds of movement: 100-500 degrees/s and more. Most of orientation-selective neurons were maximally activated at speeds 10-50 degrees/s. For all neuronal classes a clear-cut correlation between selectivity and movement speed as well as pattern of responses to stationary stimuli in the receptive field were found. The data obtained allowed a division of the neurons into two groups: phasically-fast and tonically-slow with predominance of the first group. PMID- 6521793 TI - [Topography of the ampulla of Lorenzini system of Raja clavata and its role in electroorientation]. AB - A detailed scheme is presented of the peripheral region of electroreceptive system of Raja clavata. These morphological data are used to calculate the overall energetic directional diagram (DD), i. e. response of the ampullary apparatus to the direction of uniform electric field strength vector. The calculations show that the overall DD of two major ampullar groups has a circular appearance. The experimentally obtained thresholds to electric stimulations determined from recordings of the vegetative reaction (respiratory reflex) are also circular. The data obtained allow suggesting that Raja clavata possesses a highly sensitive guard system capable of detecting any direction of electric field strength vector in a horizontal plane. PMID- 6521794 TI - [Reactions of the ampullae of Lorenzini of the skate to electric stimulation after polarization of the receptor epithelium]. AB - Responses of electrically insulated Lorentzinian ampullae to d. c. pulses were studied on skates Raja clavata in the course of polarization of receptor epithelium. With negative polarization of -4 divided by -6 mV reversed changes in spike frequency (acceleration to anodal and inhibition to cathodal pulses) appeared practically without loss of sensitivity, the course of adaptation being unchanged. The data are in accordance with the model described previously suggesting stationary N-shaped voltage-current relation of receptor cell apical membrane. PMID- 6521795 TI - [Effect of changes in the pH of the medium on neuroblastoma cell differentiation in culture]. AB - Morphological differentiation of neuroblastoma cells in culture was found to be depended on extracellular pH value. Increase of pH value up to 8.2 resulted in the appearance of both differentiated and dividing cell populations. The morphologically mature state of differentiated cells was observed at 7th-8th day and their population remained stable state for over 4 weeks. Increase of pH value to 8.5-8.9 caused retraction of cell processes of differentiated cells and inhibited multiplication of the dividing cells. PMID- 6521796 TI - Biochemical and histochemical characteristics of target antigen detected by monoclonal antibody HBCA-12 against a membrane component of human mammary carcinoma cell line. AB - Monoclonal antibody HBCA-12 obtained by hybridoma procedure after immunization with human mammary adenocarcinoma cell line MDA-MB-231 immunoprecipitated a cell surface sialoglycoprotein gp80 (apparent molecular weight 80 000) from MDA-MB-231 cells and a glycoprotein gp78 from human myeloma cell line ARH 77. A protein of a similar electrophoretic mobility was immunoprecipitated also from 35S-methionine metabolically radiolabeled human melanoma cell line VUP 1. The expression of the antigen recognized by HBCA-12 monoclonal antibody could be detected neither on PHA-induced nor on EBV-transformed peripheral blood mononuclear cells from healthy donors. PMID- 6521797 TI - Damages of DNA synthesis in normal and tumor cells with sugar alcohol derivatives. AB - The rates of incorporation of 2-14C-thymidine into DNA of melanoma B16, bone marrow, gastrointestinal mucosa, spleen and liver at various time after administration of dianhydrogalactitol (DAG), 3,4-diacetyldianhydrogalactitol (DiacDAG) and 3,4-disuccinyldianhydrogalactitol (DisuDAG) at maxima nonlethal single doses to tumor-bearing mice were studied. The sugar alcohol derivatives induced the stable inhibition in DNA synthesis of tumor cells. DNA synthesis in normal dividing cells was shown to recover more rapidly than in melanoma B16 cells after administration of all drugs. DisuDAG is characterized by stronger inhibitory effect on DNA synthesis in melanoma B16 cells at the half of the single maxima nonlethal dose compared with DAG and DiacDAG. Differing from DAG, DiacDAG and DisuDAG did not effect the incorporation of 2-14C-thymidine into DNA of liver cells. In vivo inhibition of DNA synthesis in melanoma B16 cells with DiacDAG was not due to damage of the TCA soluble fraction. PMID- 6521798 TI - Treatment of childhood neuroblastoma at the Clinic of Pediatric Oncology of the Faculty Hospital in Prague during 1965-1982. AB - The results of a complex treatment of 93 patients with neuroblastoma treated at the Clinic of Pediatric Oncology in Prague during the period of 1965-1982 are presented. A group of 41 patients treated during 1965-1977 was compared to that of 52 patients treated during 1978-1982. The latter group received a more intense chemotherapy treatment. In Group A there survived 7 patients (16.28%), all of them without symptoms of neuroblastoma. In Group B did so 31 patients (59.61%), 25 of them (48.08%) without symptoms of the disease, however, the results obtained in this group are of rather recent origin. A comparison made by means of the log-rank test and by extrapolating the data from curves of survival rates revealed no statistically significant improvement. PMID- 6521799 TI - Splenectomy and susceptibility to infection in childhood Hodgkin's disease. AB - In a ten-year analysis (1970-1979) of lymphogranulomatosis performed at the Clinic of Pediatry of the Wilhelm Pieck University, Rostock, special attention was paid to susceptibility to infection after splenectomy. Of 22 children treated for lymphogranulomatosis, 20 underwent explorative laparotomy and splenectomy. After removal of the spleen the rate of infectious complications (of both viral and bacterial origin) doubled as compared to that seen before splenectomy. The finding of immunological investigations did not sufficiently explain the clinically proven susceptibility to infection. PMID- 6521800 TI - Abdominal non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in children. Results of irradiation and chemotherapy in a series of 50 patients. AB - Results obtained in 50 children with abdominal non-Hodgkin's lymphoma after a treatment program that comprised entire abdominal irradiation and chemotherapy are presented. Actuarial survival of the series at 3, 5 and 10 years is 65.8%, with 75.2% for patients in Stage II and 58.6% in Stage III. Patients in 5-9-year age group, or in Stage II comported with a better prognosis, with significant differences. Majority of deaths occurred during the first 6 months with stabilization of survival after the second year of treatment. PMID- 6521801 TI - Chemotherapy-induced fatal pulmonary fibrosis. AB - The case of a girl with relapsing ependymoma is described, who received BCNU and vincristine treatment. She developed progressive, pulmonary fibrosis as a consequence of chemotherapy, which lead to her death. Predisposing factors, clinical and histological findings are discussed and suggestions are made for the regular and preventive checking of the patients' pulmonary function. PMID- 6521802 TI - The development of joint scientific cooperation within the framework of CMEA on the problem of "viral carcinogenesis". AB - Major trends of research carried by Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (CMEA) member countries in the field of "viral carcinogenesis" of the complex problem "malignant neoplasia" are outlined for the past 10 years. Steady extension and elaboration of the types of cooperation is emphasized. Scientific cooperation of CMEA member countries has been carried out since 1974 under the sponsorship of the Cancer Research Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences (Czechoslovakia) within the framework of CMEA. Leading oncological institutions of Bulgaria, GDR, Hungary, Poland, USSR and Czechoslovakia have been contributing to the research. PMID- 6521803 TI - [Vertical gaze paralysis and thalamic dementia. Syndrome of the posterior thalamo subthalamic paramedian artery]. PMID- 6521804 TI - [Significance of the echocardiogram in patients with ischemic insults]. PMID- 6521805 TI - [Cerebral angiography in transitory global amnesia]. AB - 33 patients with transient global amnesia were examined by cerebral angiography. The presence of arterial lesions correlated with neurological symptoms, as well as with amnesia. In 55% of cases no pathological alterations were found, so that the pathogenesis of the transient global amnesia remained unclear. For clinical purposes, cerebral angiography is recommended only in those cases which show other neurological symptoms besides the transient global amnesia. PMID- 6521806 TI - [Transitory ischemic attacks with hemiballismus]. AB - Three patients with ischemic cerebrovascular disease suffered attacks of transient dyskinesias, consistent with hemiballism. Angiographically all of them showed occlusive disease of the cerebral arteries. Two patients had lesions in different cerebral arteries, but showed signs and symptoms of insufficiency of the carotid artery contralateral to the dyskinesias, which was occluded in one patient and severely stenosed in the other. The third patient had frank occlusion of the basilar artery. The blood supply of the nucleus subthalamicus receiving contributions from the carotid and vertebral arterial system as well would explain transient hemiballism as a symptom of the insufficiency of both arterial systems and would further be one of the possible explanations for the low frequency of this symptom. On the other hand the appearance of transient hemiballism should be regarded as indicative of significant occlusive disease of the cerebral arteries. PMID- 6521807 TI - [Angiomas of the brain stem with prolonged clinical course]. PMID- 6521808 TI - [A series of 106 cases of ruptured aneurysms operated on during the 1st week]. AB - The authors report 106 intracranial aneurysms operated on during the first 7 days post S.A.H. The results according to grade and operative day are compared to the results of litterature, operative indications according to grades and spasms are given. PMID- 6521809 TI - [Spinal fractures in children. Diagnostic and therapeutic problems. Apropos of 67 cases]. AB - Between 1960 and 1980 the authors have observed 67 cases of spinal traumatism for children under 15 years old. Neurological deficit was present for 25 of these patients. At the first examination for 17 and after for 8. 5 children have total paraplegia without osteoligamentary lesions. The cervical traumatisms were without other injuries and were the result of minor trauma. The thoracolumbar traumatisms were accompanied by other injuries and were the result of violent trauma. Most of these lesions have been reduced by orthopedic method; only 4 children were operated because the dislocation was incoercible. The 15 children who presented total paraplegia had no recovery. For all the others, the recuperation was good. PMID- 6521810 TI - [Biomechanical bases of dorsal and lumbar spinal osteosynthesis]. AB - The authors report the results of their biomechanical experimental study on the fixation of various lesions of the spine, using Roy Camille metal plates, and the results of Fischer -- Gonon (using Harrington rods) and Kempf -- Jaeger (using Kempf rods). They conclude to: the efficiency of the posterior techniques of fixation, the necessity, in the thoraco-lumbar and lumbar segments to associate an anterior graft (fibula), in order to reinforce the late stability, the best functional results achieved by a "short" fixation in association with an anterior graft (double approach technique). According to their experience, the authors advocate for the use of Roy Camille metal plates screwed in the pedicles, the Harrington or Kempf rods helping in the per operative course to gain further reduction, namely in cases of disymetrical displacements. PMID- 6521811 TI - [Lumbar disk hernia through the intervertebral foramen. Apropos of 37 surgically treated hernia]. AB - 37 lumbar discal herniations situated in the intervertebral foramen were operated on, out of a total of 525 operations for lumbar discal herniations during the same period, that is to say 7%. Perhaps the habitual negativity of the contrast neuroradiologic investigations (saccoradiculography, discography, phlebography) explains its relative rareness. In the futur, the scanner, always positif in our cases, will perhaps enable us to appreciate its exact frequency. The radicular pain may be simple in the territory of a root emerging at the upper discal level, which explains the difficulty of diagnosis. It may also interest two roots, including in that case, the root emerging at the discal herniation level. The great frequency of L4-L5 herniations explains the high number of crural pains by compression of the L4 root. Finally, crural pain, in our series of all the lumbar herniations operated on, seems to be linked to a herniation of the upper discs (L3-L4, L2-L3 : 18 cases) as often as to a herniation of the intervertebral foramen of L4-L5 (17 cases). PMID- 6521812 TI - [Results of 40 interfascicular grafting on peripheral nerve trunks]. AB - The authors report 40 cases of interfascicular nerve grafts carried out since 1976 on the main peripheral nerves: 10 grafts of the median nerve, 21 grafts of the ulnar nerve, 8 grafts of the radial nerve and 1 graft of the sciatic nerve. In all cases, these are secondary grafts: either or first intention when the nervous section has been observed in emergency, the nervous ends being only brought together in these cases; or during an exploratory operation when faced by a lesion of unknown anatomical mechanism, These are interfascicular nerve grafts, according to Millesi, the donor nerve being represented by the sural nerve. The results, interpreted according to the criteria of the British Medical Research Council, are firstly analysed nerve by nerve, after discussion of age, level of injury, cause of injury, and above all, the delay between injury and the graft. The importance of associated damages is also discussed, specially vascular lesions. Several factors are influencing the quality of the results and among these are age, level and mechanism of the injury, the delay between injury and the graft, the length of the graft and number of cables. For that study, it is possible to conclude that the results are best when the patient is young, the delay short, the level distal, the length of the defect moderate and the number of cables is maximum. Finally, it appears from electrophysiological statements that this study is necessary to evaluate the quality of nervous regeneration, particularly at the median nerve, where the reinnervation is often supplied by the ulnar nerve (50% in our serie). PMID- 6521814 TI - [Intracranial pressure in severe brain injuries. 2nd Part: Therapeutic interests and prognosis]. AB - Sixty-seven patients with severe head injury underwent intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring (10 extradural and 57 intraventricular). All patients had Liege coma scale (LCS) score of 12 or less. Ventriculitis (E. Coli) occurred in one patient (1,8%). The intraventricular method allows C.S.F. drainage with lowering of I.C.P. even with slit ventricles. After 8 days, if an intracranial hypertension persists, we perform a ventriculo-atrial drainage. Pressure recording is a useful way of following the patient's evolution and a guide for prognosis of survival. If I.C.P. is constantly below 5 torr, then the probability of a bad outcome is great. The study also confirms the high mortality rate (93%) if I.C.P. is greater than 40 torr. PMID- 6521813 TI - [Correlation between the Liege scale and a biomechanical marker of the cerebral lesion]. AB - Brain type creatine kinase isoenzyme (CK.-1) was measured in the ventricular cerebrospinal fluid in a series of 42 patients within 7 +/- 3,4 hours following severe head injury (GCS less than or equal to 7, LCS less than or equal to 12). The presence of the CK.-1 isoenzyme correlated with the degree of head injury as indexed by the Glasgow coma scale and the Liege coma scale. There was a significant logarithmic correlation between CK.-1 activity in the C.S.F. and the coma scores. However, the correlation with the Liege coma scale score (r = -0,84) is significantly better (Z = 1,97; p less than 0,05) than with the Glasgow coma scale score (r = -0,65). Thus, the Liege coma scale is a better index of neurological trauma. PMID- 6521815 TI - [Craniopharyngioma in the same family]. AB - Within 2 years, two sisters, aged 23 and 33, were operated on for a craniopharyngioma. With regard to this exceptional feature, relation between neuroectodermal affections and craniopharyngiomas is discussed, and genetic determination of the occurrence of those tumors is evoked. PMID- 6521816 TI - [Description of an anterior cervical osteosynthesis plate]. AB - Various authors have proposed the use of cervical osteosynthesis plates for traumatic and tumoral lesions of the cervical spine. The purpose of the plates was to maintain auto or allogenic grafts in position during biological fusion, or to act as a protection for non-biologic implants by constituting an inert framework. Among those described recently in the literature, the plates developed by Senegas, Orosco and Caspar unable osteosynthesis to occur under maximum safety conditions. The originality of the plate presented lies in its simplicity in use resulting from the oval shape of the intermediary holes this providing maximum flexibility of positioning as a function of the patient's morphology. PMID- 6521817 TI - Copper distribution in the normal human brain. AB - Copper concentration was determined in samples from 38 areas of 7 normal human brains. The grey matter contained higher concentrations of copper than the white matter. Identical areas of the grey and white matter of the cerebral cortex showed significant differences between individuals. In the caudate nucleus the highest concentrations of copper were found in the tail followed by the body and the head, respectively. A negative linear regression between age and brain copper levels was demonstrated. PMID- 6521818 TI - Turnover of ethanolamine phosphoglycerides in different brain areas of adult and aged rats. AB - The turnover of ethanolamine glycerophospholipids (EGP) has been determined in six different cerebral areas of 4-month and 22-month-old rats, by injecting [3H]glycerol together with [14C]ethanolamine into the lateral ventricle of the brain. The areas examined behave quite differently in respect to their utilization of the most simple precursors of phosphoglyceride biosynthesis. The incorporation of both glycerol and ethanolamine is already complete as early as 2 4 hours and then reutilization begins, at least for the so called fast pools of phosphoglycerides. The different slopes of the specific activity of the two precursors in EGP suggest a high degree of variance among catabolic rates in the different brain regions. In aged rats the utilization of the water-soluble precursors of EGP synthesis decreases in all brain areas and these data suggest that aging may have a different effect on the catabolic activities as well as phospholipid biosynthesis. PMID- 6521819 TI - Quantitative determination and regional distribution of pipecolic acid in rodent brain. AB - A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitative determination of pipecolic acid (PA), one of the three cyclic secondary imino acids present in mammalian brain is described. The quantification and identification of PA are accomplished in rat and mouse brain using high performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection (LCEC) and nipecotic acid (NPA) as an internal standard. The cyclic imino acids are derivatized with 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB) to dinitrophenyl derivatives. The remaining time for LCEC analysis is less than 30 min and the limit of sensitivity is in the lower picomole range. The levels of PA found in rat and mouse brain are comparable to those reported using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The regional distribution of PA shows higher concentrations of PA in hypothalamus, pons-medulla oblongata and cerebellum. The present results demonstrate that LCEC is sensitive enough to determine endogenous levels of PA in mg amounts of rodent brain tissue. Due to its simplicity and rapidity, the technique represents an alternative to existing methods. This method can also be used for determination of PA in CSF, blood or urine of hyperpipecolic patients. PMID- 6521820 TI - Possible occurrence of ornithine-omega-aminotransferase in GABAergic neurons. AB - The specific precursors for neurotransmitter pools of glutamate giving rise to GABA in GABAergic neurons and nerve endings have not been clearly established. Glutamate is the immediate precursor for the production of GABA and it is suggested that ornithine (from arginine) might be serving as one of the precursors of glutamate for the formation of neurotransmitter pool of GABA. Damage to GABAergic neurons in different regions of the brain in anoxia is well known. If arginine and ornithine act as precursors for GABA in GABAergic neurons, a decrease in the activities of arginase and ornithine-omega-transferase (Orn-T) is possible in areas having the lesions involving the GABAergic neurons due to anoxia. Estimation of Orn-T and arginase in different regions of the brain of rats exposed to anoxia revealed such a possibility. PMID- 6521821 TI - Kinetics of D-aspartic acid release from rat cortical synaptosomes. AB - A kinetic study has been made of the release of D-aspartate from rat cortical synaptosomes following pre-loading with labelled D-aspartate, and the results compared to a previous study of the release of the acidic amino acids glutamate plus aspartate following pre-loading with labeled L-glutamate. Qualitatively, the results of the two studies are similar. The D-aspartate taken up during the pre load period appears to be totally releasable. However, release is greatly increased by depolarizing media. The increased rate of release induced by increasing [K]o is independent of the [Ca]o, while veratrine-induced release is inhibited by [Ca]o. Release is from more than a single compartment, since plots of the log10 of the synaptosomal D-aspartate content (calculated from the label content) as a function of the incubation time are non-linear for all incubation solutions. In the previous study which utilized L-glutamate pre-loading, the results were consistent with either a model consisting of two passive compartments (that is, synaptosomal content T as a function of time is given by Ae-Kat + Be-Kbt, in which A and B are compartment sizes, Ka and Kb are exchange constants, and t is incubation time) or a model consisting of one passive compartment (Ae-Kat) and one saturated carrier compartment (T-Kbt, in which T = total content at zero time and Kb = maximal velocity). The present results with D aspartate also give excellent fits to these models. However, there are some quantitative differences in the estimates of the compartment sizes and exchange constants, which are obtained by optimizing the fit of the data to the equation for each model. Although most of these quantitative differences appear to be minor, one difference between the two studies is of potential significance in interpretation of the results. In the glutamate study, all depolarizing media were found to reduce the exchange constant for the carrier mechanism, while in the present study, depolarizing media were found to increase the exchange constant, with the exception of veratrine-containing medium without calcium. PMID- 6521822 TI - Myelin development in infant brain. AB - Myelin was isolated from subcortical areas of ten human brains, with ages ranging from 24 days to 350 days-of-age; samples were subsequently analyzed for lipid composition. Eight infants were victims of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome, and two infants were accident cases. Gray and white matter samples from each brain were also dissected and analyzed. Galactolipids were only 12% of the total lipids in white matter from brains of infants that were 24 days-of-age, a time when myelination was just starting in the subcortical areas. At 175 and 350 days of age, myelination was well underway and galactolipids measured 22% of the total lipids. Total phospholipids decreased (65% to 54%) in white matter during development, with the decrease mostly in phosphatidylcholine (23% to 15%). Even though there was little white matter present at early ages, myelin could be isolated. Surprisingly, the lipid composition of myelin from the 24-day-infant brain was similar to that from adult brain. Galactolipids were 22% of the total lipids, cholesterol, 23%, and phospholipids, 52%. These results suggest that only subtle remodeling of myelin occurs in humans once myelination commences. All four major gangliosides were present in myelin during this first year of development. Interestingly, the yield of myelin from the 350-day-old infant subcortical white matter was similar to that from an adult. Thus major tracts in this area may have acquired most of the myelin by one year-after-birth. Since the control samples blend quite well into the developmental pattern obtained, it is believed there are no abnormalities in myelin lipids from SIDS infants. PMID- 6521823 TI - On the measurement of glucose in brain: a comment to Sacks et al. (1983). AB - The measurements reported by Sacks et al. (4) were examined critically and shown to be faulty. When performed correctly, the measurements yielded results that correspond closely to those predicted by the model of the brain uptake of 2 deoxyglucose formulated by Sokoloff et al. (5). PMID- 6521824 TI - [Combined transsphenoidal and transoral approach for clivus chordoma]. PMID- 6521825 TI - [Trigeminal sensory evoked potential in retrogasserian glycerol injection for trigeminal neuralgia]. AB - Since Dr. Hakanson reported retrogasserian glycerol injection method for treatment of idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia, its effectiveness for pain relief has been documented in a few reports. However, effects of glycerol in nervous tissue and mechanism of pain relief of the trigeminal neuralgia have not been elucidated yet. So we attempted to make clear what changes happen in trigeminal sensory evoked potential (TEP) of the patients with trigeminal neuralgia after retrogasserian glycerol injection. For this purpose we had to obtain normal TEP from 12 normal subjects in the beginning. The TEP by upper lip stimulation and recorded at contralateral C5 or C6 (TEP.V2) was consisted of 4 positive and 2 negative potentials in the analysis time of 40 msec which were named P3, N10, P14, P20, N30 and P40. The TEP.V3 that was obtained by lower lip stimulation was consisted of 3 positive and 3 negative potentials that were named N3, P10, N14, P20, N30 and P40. Most remarkable change of the TEP.V2 after glycerol injection in the pain relief group of patients with trigeminal neuralgia involving second division was amplitude attenuation of N10. There was no significant prolongation of peak latencies of P3, N10 and P20. It was remarkable that this amplitude decrease (about 38% of the pre-injection value) was recognized only in the pain relief group. On the contrary the mean amplitude of no relief group decreased only to 86% of the pre-injection value.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6521826 TI - [Oculomotor nerve anastomosis: an experimental study in the dog]. AB - For the purpose of investigating the ability of posttraumatic oculomotor nerve to restore its function, animal experiments were carried out using 22 mongrel adult dogs weighting 6.5 kg on the average. Anesthesia was induced with 30 mg/kg of intervenous Nembutal, and craniectomy performed. An injury was delivered to the oculomotor nerve at about 2 mm centrally from the rim of the tentorium which was reached by retracting the temporal lobe under the oprating microscope, then the wound was closed. The animals were devided into three groups according to the severity of trauma; the first group of 5 dogs received complete neurotomy, the second group of 11 dogs had their nerve severed with about 10% left at its medical lower part and secured by one-stitch using 9-0 suture, and the third group of 5 dogs were subjected to cut of less than half of the upper, lower, or lateral part of the nerve. Observations with time were made of eye movement, light reflex and others for up to 2 years and 6 months, one year, and 2 years and 5 months in the three groups respectively. After conducting the caloric nystagmus test by introducting cold water (20 degrees C) into the external auditory meatus, the site of surgery was dissected for histological examination employing Holmes' stain.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6521827 TI - [Contrast material with oxygenated Fluosol-DA, 20 for the protection against complications of catheter cerebral angiography]. AB - Although computed tomography may change the criteria of cerebral angiography in neurosurgery, the neurosurgeon still requires angiographic confirmation of vascular anatomy at the operative sites, and catheterization for intra-luminal constructive surgery is also seeing progress. Cerebral angiography is a rather safe procedure; however, persistent serious neurological deficits and fatal complications are occasionally reported. The mechanisms of these complications are considered to be due to mechanically dislodged fragments of clots and/or atheroma, or direct endothelial damage by the catheter, contrast agents toxicity to brain tissue, anoxic neurocytologic injury due to the disturbance of the blood flow. Fluosol-DA (a type of perfluorochemical) has a potent oxygen-carrying capacity and has been safely used in humans as an artificial blood substitute. Meglumine diatrizoate (65% Angiografin) has not lost the x-ray opacification faculty in cerebral angiography by mixing with oxygenated Fluosol-DA, 20 up to 30 vol % of the latter in clinical use. In animal experiments, from 0.25 to 4 ml/kg of Angiografin-65 or Angiografin-65 with oxygenated Fluosol-DA, 20 were injected into the internal carotid artery of mongrel dogs. When 2.0 ml/kg of Angiografin 65 was injected into the carotid artery, remarkable arrhythmia was observed for 7.5 seconds. Blood pressure dropped 28.3 mmHg for 20.2 seconds; thereafter, it increased 25 mmHg in rebound for 15 seconds. Intracranial pressure increased 5 mmHg for 35 seconds, respiratory disturbance continued for 22.6 seconds. When a 20 vol % mixture of Fluosol-DA, 20 with Angiografin-65 was applied, these adverse reactions were markedly reduced.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6521828 TI - [Spinal intradural arachnoid cyst. Report of five cases and a review of the literature]. AB - Five cases of intradural arachnoid cysts were reported. Two rare cases were in cervical region, other three cases in thoracic region. Clinical and radiological findings were discussed in 67 cases including ours. All our cases with chronic clinical course except one showing spastic para- or tetraparese, sensory disturbance and gait disturbances were not much different to other reported cases in neurological findings. Plain radiography, tomography and intravenous enhanced CT were not effective. In all of the cases spinal CT was performed following metrizamide myelography. Only one cyst failed to detect during metrizamide myelography, but a metrizamide CT revealed the intradural arachnoid cyst even in this case. Vonofakos says that metrizamide myelogram failed to found the arachnoid cysts, however, we could confirm them by performing metrizamide CT about 3 hours after conventional myelography. Moreover reconstruction technique was very effective in ascertaining the shape and the extention of the tumors. Especially it is recommended to do delayed metrizamide CT with ReView technique in order to show the detailed relation between the cyst and the spinal cord. In conclusion, we emphasize the accurate neurological examination, the importance of total myelography and the improvement of fluoroscopic technique in myelography and CT scanning. PMID- 6521829 TI - [Spontaneous dissecting aneurysm of the cervical internal carotid artery. Report of 2 cases and review of literature]. AB - Two cases of the spontaneous dissecting aneurysm (SDA) of the cervical carotid artery (ICA) were reported. Case 1: A 36 years old man was admitted with a sudden onset of right hemiparesis, aphasia and a one-week history of headache and neck pain. Serological examinations were normal. Angiography showed a severe stenosis with two intimal flaps of the left cervical ICA. Four weeks later, left STA-MCA anastomosis was performed. After six weeks from the onset, re-angiography showed the resolution of the left cervical ICA stenosis. Case 2: A 26 years old man experienced the transient monoocular blindness a week before admission. He was admitted with a sudden onset of right hemiparesis and aphasia. Serological examinations were normal. Angiography showed a postsinus tapering occlusion of the left cervical ICA. Four weeks later, left STA-MCA anastmosis was performed. After the operation, left hemiparesis improved remarkably. After two weeks from the operation, re-angiography showed the complete resolution of the left cervical ICA stenosis. As the differential diagnoses, spasm, arteritis, embolism and thrombosis with atherosclerosis were listed. But from the reason reported, we diagnosed the two cases as the resolution of the SDA of the ICA. From the previous literature, 129 cases of SDA of the ICA were reviewed and discussed about the symptom, angiographic findings and treatment. Some specific findings (high frequency of resolution, 87%, etc.) were found. SDA of the ICA occurs in the non-atherosclerotic age and causes the ischemic brain damage. SDA of the ICA should be paid more attention and will probably be identified more frequently. PMID- 6521830 TI - [Osteoid oteoma associated with intraosseous meningioma. A case report]. AB - A very rare case of intraosseous meningioma accompanied with osteoma is reported. A 57-year-old male was admitted with left chronic subdural hematoma and an operation was immediately performed. At the time of admission skull X-ray film showed a high density area in the right frontoparietal region. Postoperative CT scanning showed no abnormality at standard window, widths and levels or at higher window, widths and levels. 99m Tc MPP scinti gram showed increased activity in the right frontoparietal region. Tomography of the skull indicated hyperostosis involving all layers. This skull tumor was diagnosed as osteoma. At the second operation the osteoma was removed. There seemed to be no changes in the bone and underlying dura. Histological examination indicated multiple microscopic meningotheliomatous meningioma with psammoma bodies in Haversian canals, leading to the conclusion that this was osteoid osteoma. It is suggested that this case be designated as type Lopez II and that it raises some interesting points regarding histogenesis and development of meningioma. PMID- 6521831 TI - [Posttraumatic cerebrovascular narrowing. A case report and review of the literature]. AB - We, neurosurgeons have sometimes confronted with the case of posttraumatic cerebrovascular narrowing or spasm. However, there have been few reports on the pathophysiology of the posttraumatic narrowing or spasm in comparison with those the spasm following the subarachnoid hemorrhage caused by the rupture of the aneurysm. The authors report here a case of temporal lobe contusion who demonstrated cerebrovascular narrowing angiographically at the 21st days after head injury. This 53-years-old male was examined again by angiography one week after the above-described angiography and the narrowing disappeared. The authors reviewed the literature on the posttraumatic cerebrovascular narrowing or spasm. Thirty seven cases have been reported in detail. Under the conditions of these 38 cases including the present case, the pathophysiology of the posttraumatic cerebrovascular narrowing or spasm was discussed. Two theories had been suggested for a long time: one was vasospasm caused by the traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage and the other by direct mechanical irritation of cerebral artery. Recently, neurogenic factor is thought to take a part of this to a great extent such as hypothalamic dysfunction or dysfunctioning fragile autoregulation mechanism. It is seemed to be that such spasm caused by these mechanism will exist sure. However, in the posttraumatic cerebrovascular vasospasm, there are other accompanying intracranial lesions such as cerebral swelling, cerebral contusion, fracture of the base of the skull and so on. It is not assumed to be so simple environment as the spasm following the rupture of the aneurysm, and also the mechanism of genesis of the posttraumatic cerebrovascular spasm is not to be so simple. Several factors and their duplication will play a role in the mechanism. Further investigation is necessary for the clearness of the problem. PMID- 6521832 TI - [A case of moyamoya disease associated with a peripheral artery aneurysm of the thalamus]. AB - The authors report a case of moyamoya disease associated with a peripheral artery aneurysm in the thalamus of a 54-year-old woman. Plain CT scans revealed the right thalamic hemorrhage with ventricular penetration. Cerebral angiography demonstrated the characteristic appearance of moyamoya disease with a peripheral artery aneurysm in the territory of the right medial posterior choroidal artery. This aneurysm ruptured three times during 8 days since onset and the thalamic hemorrhage became larger on each occasion. Although the clinical symptoms and signs and plain CT scans disclosed thalamic hemorrhage, it was difficult to explain the cause of the hemorrhage. The authors emphasize that cerebral angiography and enhanced CT scans are quite necessary to clarify the genesis of cerebrovascular disease. PMID- 6521833 TI - [Two cases of cerebral aneurysms combined with polycystic kidneys]. AB - Two cases of cerebral aneurysm combined with polycystic kidneys (PCKs) were presented. Case 1, a 24-year-old hypertensive male, was referred to our clinic owing to sudden onset of severe headache at August 20, 1982. Neurological findings on admission were stuporous, right vitreous hemorrhage (so-called Terson's syndrome), and hypertension. CT scans showed subarachnoid hemorrhage, and right MCA bifurcation aneurysm with marked vasospasms by cerebral angiography was revealed. Intentional delayed operation with V-P shunt was performed. He discharged with mild left upper limb paresis, and visual impairment on the right. Bilateral PCKs were confirmed by postoperative DIP and CT scan. Case 2, a 51-year old female, who suddenly complained of severe headache, was referred to our department 3 days after subarachnoid hemorrhage. One year previously, she had been pointed out PCKs. Neurological findings on admission at February 29, 1980, were drowsy, left third cranial nerve palsy, and hypertension. Cerebral angiography showed multiple aneurysms (bilateral IC-PC & A-com). Neck clipping (1 IC-PC & A-com) and coating (r-IC-PC) were performed at the next day of admission, and V-P shunt operation was followed about 8 weeks after first operation. About 2 weeks after discharge, she suddenly became loss of consciousness and expired. Autopsy revealed intracerebral hemorrhage in left basal ganglia and thalamus. Both kidneys were PCKs of Potter type 3 and cysts of the liver were also noted. In young hypertensive patients with cerebral aneurysms, it should be in mind whether PCKs may be combined or not, and cerebral angiography in PCKs were reasonable to find out harbored cerebral aneurysm.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6521834 TI - [Brain stone. A case report]. AB - A 43-year-old woman with an abnormally calcified shadow in right temporal lobe as seen on the plain skull films is reported. She was free of any neurological deficit except a recent episode of generalized tonic clonic convulsive seizures. Clinical observations, including EEG have proved unhelpful. Despite intensive neuro-radiological examinations, it only revealed the existence of a dumb-bell shaped calculus measuring 17 x 10 mm in right temporal lobe. Operation and histo pathological examination were carried out. The mass was a hard calculus, surrounded by minimal perifocal gliosis, and was easy to separate from the normal brain tissue. The decalcified specimen was identified as a collection of PAS positive spherical lamellar particles without any diagnostic cell or structure. After the operation, the calcified shadow was disappeared and the patient is free from seizure. Based on these findings, the calculus can be classified as a very rare category, "idiopathic brain stone". PMID- 6521835 TI - [Surgery of brain stem arterio-venous malformation]. PMID- 6521836 TI - [Dynamic CT scan in cerebral infarction]. AB - Forty-two dynamic CT studies were performed on 27 patients with cerebral infarction (11 to 75 years of age), and perfusion patterns of low density areas on plain CT were evaluated. The initial studies were performed 1.5 hours to 60 days after acute onset. In 14 patients, repeat studies were carried out to know how the perfusion pattern changes with time. All scannings were done on the level which includes anterior horns and trigones of lateral ventricle, thalamus, and internal capsules. CT scanners used were SIEMENS SOMATOM 2 and GE CT/T 8800. Procedures were as follows: 65% amidotrizomeglumin (1 ml/kg) was injected over 5 seconds through 18G needle placed in a antecubital vein. Injection of the contrast media was started with initiation of the second scanning. Totally 8 and 10 serial scans were performed, in SOMATOM 2 and CT/T 8800 respectively. Perfusion pattern is evaluated by comparing two time-density curves obtained from low density area on plain CT and the same region of contralateral side. The following results were obtained. The perfusion pattern in the low density area on plain CT varies among patients at any periods after onset, ranging from absent perfusion pattern to hyperfusion pattern. No consistent perfusion pattern was obtained at any given time after onset. Repeat dynamic CT revealed that the perfusion pattern in the low density area changed with time variously. The perfusion pattern or change of perfusion pattern did not correlate with outcome of the patient.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6521837 TI - [Trial production of non-invasive monitoring system from the anterior fontanelle on intracranial pressure]. AB - The aim of utilizing P-50 Statham transducer as one of the monitoring systems for intracranial pressure consists in the case for its attachment and simplified identification of the zero point and calibration which are of problem for operation as in the cases of electrocardiogram and respiration. The P-50 transducer is a semiconductor strain gage transducer which was developed for the measurement of blood pressure. By attaching the foot plate of it, the applanation principle could be applied and the measurement from the anterior fontanelle could be made feasible. The accuracy of the measurement in this manner could be confirmed by various experiments. Being a semiconductor strain gage, it could be made into an extremely small weight, which made it most adequate for continuous measurement. Although some problems have been left yet to be clarified relative to the method for the fixation, it can be deemed to be fully applicable as one of clinical monitoring systems for intracranial pressure. PMID- 6521838 TI - [Computerized tomography findings of acute traumatic epidural hematoma]. AB - During four year period from April, 1977 to March, 1981, 53 cases with acute traumatic epidural hematoma had been encountered out of 430 acute head injured patients examined by computerized tomography (CT) within 24 hours after incurring the trauma at the Department of Neurosurgery and Critical Care Medicine of Nippon Medical School, Sendagi, Tokyo, Japan. Besides the initial CT, the authors performed contrast enhanced CT (41 cases) and serial CT scanning (31 cases). There were 49 cases of epidural hematoma existing in the supratentorial region, Two cases infratentorial region and 2 cases in the both regions. Two cases of vertex epidural hematoma had been encountered, one of them required vertical scan technique. In 22 (41%) of the 53 patients, the initial CT showed evidence of other cerebral lesions. The most frequent lesion was pneumocephalus (11 cases), 3 cases of them existed in the epidural hematoma. There were also intracerebral hematoma (6 cases), subdural hematoma (4 cases), cerebral contusion (2 cases), intraventricular hemorrhage (2 cases) and 2 cases of them demonstrated "diffuse traumatic cerebral injury" (Zimmerman, 1979). During contrast enhanced CT, 11 cases out of 41 cases indicated several enhancement pattern. There were total enhancement of epidural hematoma (2 cases), partial enhancement of hematoma (2 cases) and enhancement of internal margin of hematoma (2 cases). Serial CT scans was performed in 36 out of the 53 patients. Common findings on the serial CT scans were decreased density collection in the subdural space such as subdural effusions or chronic subdural hematomas (8 cases) and enlargement of small epidural hematomas (3 cases).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6521839 TI - [Surgical treatment of atlanto-axial dislocation. An introduction of two new methods]. AB - In the past fourty-two months we have operatively treated twenty cases of several types of atlanto-axial dislocation (AAD) including an atlanto-axial deformity. A transoral retropharyngeal approach to the anterior arch of the atlas and the body of the axis was performed in two cases of AAD with dens fracture, 2 traumatic pure anterior AAD with relatively narrow spinal canal and 1 os odontoideum. The operative method we have devised is a modification of the transoral micro surgical odontoid resection. In hyperextended position the fractured dens or os odontoideum comes to the position nearest to the anterior arch of the atlas and a distance between the atlas and the axis almost disappears. In this position a Halo device is installed and the anterior arch of the atlas, the dens and the body of the axis are fixed by an autograft all together. The articular joints between the atlas and the axis are also fixed by small grafts. The "three points fixation" of the atlanto-axial vertebrae may be a better and safer operative technique for selected AADs. Another method for AAD is a posterior atlanto-axial fixation using a metal plate (Urlich Medical Instruments Co., West Germany). This technique is a modification of fixation with wire and methyl methacrylate. A strong point of this new method is that the laminae of the atlas, axis and C3 vertebra in some cases, are fixed not with wire but a plate. The wire is used only to fix the plate on the laminae, so that the wire is not snapped on elastic fatigue.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6521841 TI - [Spontaneous bilateral extradural hematomas: a case report]. AB - A rare case of spontaneous bilateral extradural hematomas probably due to hypofibrinogenemia is reported. On April 17, 1983, a 21-year-old woman was referred to our hospital because of her comatose state. She has complained of her longer duration of menstrual bleeding lasting 10 days to 2 weeks, but has had no history of hemorrhagic diseases. At the last night, she complained of headache and vomited several times, after drinking some beer but she went to bed without therapy. We cannot see a history of her head injury several days before admission. On admission, she was comatose with bilateral dilated pupils and flexed her upper extremities against painful stimuli. There was a tendency for subcutaneous hematomas to form immediately in places where the stimuli were applied. Skull fracture was not found on craniogram and CT scan showed bilateral extradural hematomas (60 ml on the right side and 130 ml on the left side). Laboratory data showed leukocytosis (14800), longer prothrombin time (15.2 seconds with a control of 11.9 seconds), markedly elongated activated partial thromboplastin time (90 seconds with a control of 15-45 seconds) and decreased fibrinogen concentration (114 mg/dl with a control of 200-400 mg/dl). At the bilateral decompressive craniectomies with infusion of 5 gram of fibrinogen and 300 ml of fresh blood, we found neither scalp hemorrhage nor skull fracture and after removal of coagulated hematomas no dural anomaly was found. After operation she improved gradually and laboratory re-examination was normal including bone marrow puncture. Now, 5 months after operation she is clear with slight tetraparesis on her rehabilitating course.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6521840 TI - [Infratentorial oligodendroglioma: report of a case]. AB - Oligodendroglioma occurs primarily in the cerebral hemisphere in adult. A rare case of oligodendroglioma in the cerebellum is presented, and previous reported cases were reviewed. A thirty-one year old female was admitted to our service only with headache. CT scan demonstrated a low density mass in the vermis of the cerebellum which was not enhanced. Bilateral vertebral angiography showed an avascular mass in the vermis. The preoperative diagnosis was astrocytoma or ependymoma, and a suboccipital craniotomy was performed. The tumor which was soft, yellowish gray and well-circumscribed, was developed from the vermis and extended into the cisterna magna. The tumor which size was approximately 3 X 4 X 5 cm. Microscopically the specimen showed round, darkly stained nuclei and clear perinuclear cytoplasmic halos. Moreover, the immunoperoxidase method testified the absence of glial fibrillary acidic protein in the tumor cells. The pathological diagnosis was oligodendroglioma. Post-operatively the patient was doing well without any complications. There was no clinical nor CT evidence of tumor recurrence forty months after resection. The 11 reported cases of infratentorial oligodendroglioma including ours were analyzed and the following conclusion was obtained. Infratentorial oligodendroglioma occurs in the younger age group. The tumor has special tendency to form cyst. Frequency of calcification is low. Prognosis is good if the tumor is resected in early stage. Pre-operatively, however, it was difficult to differentiate oligodendroglioma from astrocytoma. PMID- 6521842 TI - [Efficacy of nidus embolization of large arterio-venous malformation prior to surgical excision]. AB - Although it is undoubted that surgical excision is the ideal treatment for arterio-venous malformation, its large nidus and deep localization make it difficult in some instances. To make surgical procedure easier, efficacy of nidus embolization or of obstruction of feeding arteries by detachable balloon technique is reported. A case presented here is such a case with large arterio venous malformation which was successfully removed surgically following artificial nidus embolization with silastic spheres. On May 12th, 1983, a 27-year old housewife was admitted to our department with chief complaints of episodes of alexia, apraxia, and aphasia lasting for a few minutes during 4 years prior to admission. Neurological examination on admission showed no abnormalities. Left internal carotid angiogram taken on admission showed a large arterio-venous malformation in the left parieto-temporo-occipital region fed by three branches of the left middle cerebral artery and two branches of the left posterior cerebral artery (Fig. 2a, 3a). To enable successful excision without neurological deficits, nidus embolization with silastic spheres was performed on June 2, 1983. Forty silastic spheres of 1.5 mm in diameter were injected via a catheter introduced in the left internal carotid artery and a second injection of 48 silastic spheres of 2.0 mm in diameter was performed after confirmation of no stray of silastic spheres in the arteries unrelated to the nidus. Embolization procedure was interrupted after the second injection, because of stray of silastic sphere into the posterior internal frontal artery of the left anterior cerebral artery.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6521843 TI - Morphometric approaches to perifascicular atrophy in muscle biopsy: do they help to diagnose polymyositis? AB - The sizes of muscle fibres in the peripheral and central parts of fascicles were compared in biopsies from patients with polymyositis/dermatomyositis, patients with slowly progressing muscular dystrophies and normal controls. Of three quantitative parameters tested, perifascicular atrophy factor gave the best discrimination between the patient groups. This factor is obtained by subtracting the atrophy factor of the peripheral fibres from that of the central ones. In polymyositis, the values tend to be negative as a result of atrophy affecting selectively the peripheral fibres, whereas in dystrophies the values are usually close to zero or positive. For the comparison between polymyositis and muscular dystrophy, the test based on perifascicular atrophy factor has an estimated sensitivity of 83% and a specificity of 65%. This quantitative method is thus able to increase sensitivity of the diagnosis of polymyositis over that attained by the subjective evaluation, even at the cost of a sizeable false-positive rate. PMID- 6521844 TI - Opening of the blood-brain barrier in Anolis carolinensis. A high voltage electron microscope protein tracer study. AB - The tight junctions between endothelial cells of capillaries in the forebrain of Anolis carolinensis are a common component of the structural basis for the blood brain barrier in this reptile. The complexity of these junctions, which is apparent in platinum replicas of freeze-fractured brain capillaries, is unchanged by treatments designed to render the blood-brain barrier of these lizards leaky to horseradish peroxidase. An alternative route for extravasation of horseradish peroxidase, following injection of chameleons with 2.7 mg of D-glucose to render their brain capillaries leaky, is a system of transient cytoplasmic vesicles and vesiculo-tubular channels whose lumina may be open to the luminal or abluminal surface (or both) of the capillary endothelial cell. High voltage electron microscopy (HVEM) of 0.25 and 0.5 micron thick plastic sections of experimental brain capillary endothelium confirmed the existence of vesiculo-tubular conduits. These channels display a sigmoid morphology and are situated in the cytoplasm at angles oblique to the luminal and abluminal surfaces of the endothelium. Occasionally, the channels spanned the entire endothelial wall of the capillary, and in such cases, appeared to connect the lumen with the brain extracellular compartment. HVEM images (including stereo pairs) of the vesiculo-tubular channels show them to have a scalloped, irregular profile consistent with their proposed formation by fusion of pinocytotic vesicles. Also, HVEM examinations of experimental capillaries from peroxidase-treated lizards reveal massive quantities of dense reaction product in cytoplasmic vesicles and vesiculo-tubular membrane compartments of the endothelium, and the complex pleomorphism exhibited by these structures. Observations made in the present study suggest that as a consequence of severe hyperglycaemia, transendothelial channels form in the brain capillaries by fusion of pinocytotic vesicles generated by accelerated pinocytosis at the luminal surface of the endothelium, and subsequently serve as open routes for massive floods of tracer into the central nervous system. PMID- 6521845 TI - A rodent model of organophosphorus-induced delayed neuropathy: distribution of central (spinal cord) and peripheral nerve damage. AB - Central and peripheral nerve fibre damage has been produced in Long-Evans hooded male rats with tri-ortho-cresyl phosphate. Animals were dosed by gavage with intermittent or daily amounts of the organophosphate and examined after 2, 6, 12, 18 and 24 weeks. The distribution of central nervous system (spinal cord) damage and the differential vulnerability among various peripheral nerves supported a "dying-back' classification for the neuropathy. Giant axonal swellings, containing massive accumulations of smooth endoplasmic reticulum, hallmarked the neuropathy. In spite of severe neurological damage the animals displayed only moderate functional disturbances. These findings have shown that the rat is highly sensitive to the structural damage caused by organo-phosphates, although resistant to the ataxia. PMID- 6521846 TI - Naked axon bundles enclosed by single segments of myelin sheaths in the nerves of non-dystrophic C57BL-ob/+mice. AB - Bundles of axons enclosed by a single myelin sheath were found in the peripheral nerves of heterozygous obese C57BL-ob/+mice. Serial sections showed them to consist of two to forty naked axons encompassed by a common cuff of myelin formed by a single Schwann cell, with adjoining non-myelinated Schwann cells protruding from either side into the cuff. These structures are similar to those found in dystrophic mice, but there were no signs of dystrophy in the obese mice. It is suggested that the axon bundles result from a disturbance of early myelination, presumably of the phase of Schwann cell proliferation or of the communication between Schwann cells and axons. PMID- 6521847 TI - Lymphomatoid granulomatosis with cerebral involvement. AB - We report the case of a 26-year-old man who suffered from lymphomatoid granulomatosis. The light microscopical features of a biopsy from involved cerebral tissue are described and for the first time the cytological findings on a brain smear are illustrated. The results of immunological and electronmicroscopical investigations are consistent with the suggestion that this disease may be a disorder of T lymphocytes. It is suggested that the smear technique may be used to confirm the presence of cerebral disease in patients with an established diagnosis, and to investigate suspected patients who present with extrapulmonary manifestations. PMID- 6521848 TI - A pharmacological study in the kindling model of epilepsy. AB - The anticonvulsant properties of carbamazepine were evaluated in the kindled amygdaloid seizure model in rats. Carbamazepine significantly raised the threshold for seizures, reduced the duration of elicited afterdischarges and attenuated the severity of seizures in previously-kindled rats, at doses that did not cause sedation or ataxia. A similar reduction in the duration of elicited afterdischarges and severity of seizures was seen after suprathreshold stimulation (400 mu A) with doses of carbamazepine that were without obvious sedative or ataxic effects. After acute intraperitoneal injections (solvent = 2% Tween-80 and 70% propylene glycol), the maximum anticonvulsant effectiveness against suprathreshold stimulation was seen at 30 min. When administered daily (13 days) during acquisition or development of kindling, carbamazepine (25 and 50 mg/kg, i.p.) had variable effects on kindling. Neither dose consistently reduced the duration of elicited afterdischarges during the acquisition phase. Both groups tended to reduce the developing seizure, with the smaller dose of carbamazepine (25 mg/kg) resulting in a more consistent and significant reduction in severity of seizures. No significant differences in number of daily stimulations needed to reach fully kindled seizures were found. Previous studies have reported variable results with carbamazepine and the kindled amygdaloid seizure in rats. The present study provides a comprehensive evaluation of carbamazepine in this model of epilepsy and discusses the results with regard to the finding reported previously. PMID- 6521849 TI - Pharmacokinetics of twelve anticonvulsant drugs in the rat. AB - The pharmacokinetic data for 12 anticonvulsant drugs was evaluated after administration to laboratory rats. In all cases the half-life and elimination rate constants were significantly different from clinically-determinant values which suggests that pharmacokinetic parameters should be treated as species specific. PMID- 6521850 TI - Monosodium glutamate and analgesia induced by morphine. Test-specific effects. AB - Neonatal administration of monosodium glutamate (MSG) destroyed perikarya in the arcuate nucleus and median eminence, including those that contain met-enkephalin and beta-endorphin and it increased the density of opiate receptors in the midbrain. Treatment with glutamate decreased the analgesic response on the jump test following a 10 mg/kg dose of morphine, yet increased the analgesic response on the hot-plate test following 1 mg/kg dose of morphine. The present study demonstrated that changes in morphine-induced analgesia induced by glutamate varied as functions of the pain test and of gender. While males treated with glutamate displayed attenuated analgesia induced by morphine (2.5-15 mg/kg) on the jump test, jump thresholds of females treated with glutamate were potentiated after a 10 mg/kg dose of morphine and attenuated after a 15 mg/kg dose of morphine, relative to controls. In contrast, analgesia on the hot-plate test was potentiated in animals of both genders treated with glutamate after all doses of morphine. Changes in tolerance to morphine induced by glutamate also depended on the pain test and gender. While the peak analgesic response on the jump test did not occur until the fifth injection of morphine in all rats treated with glutamate, tolerance on the jump test was subsequently retarded in males treated with glutamate and accelerated in glutamate-treated females. Tolerance on the hot palate test appeared not to be consistently affected by treatment with glutamate. Morphine-induced hyperthermia was initially decreased in rats treated with glutamate, but subsequently decreased in glutamate-treated males and increased in glutamate-treated females.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6521852 TI - Evidence that naloxone attenuates the consumption of food by domestic pigeons through a central influence. AB - Three experiments were performed on domestic pigeons deprived of food for 24 hr to determine whether the anorexic influence of naloxone, which is observed in this species, results from a central effect of this drug. Injections were given 15 min before the delivery of food, and repeated measures of the consumption of food were obtained during the next 20 min. The systemic administration of either 2 or 10 mumol of naloxone, but not of equimolar amounts of quaternary naloxone, that does not traverse the blood-brain barrier, reduced the consumption of food of the pigeons. At a dose of 20 mumol, quaternary naloxone also slightly attenuated the ingestion of food, possibly because this drug can penetrate the blood-brain barrier when given in large doses. In another experiment, the intraventricular administration of 12.5, 25, 50, or 100 micrograms of naloxone attenuated the food intake in a dose-related fashion. Injection of 25 micrograms of the antagonist was more efficient in this respect when administered intraventricularly rather than systemically. From these experiments, it is concluded that in pigeons, the anorexic influence of naloxone is, at least partly, centrally mediated. PMID- 6521851 TI - Effects of chronic administration of D-amphetamine on PGO wave activity in the cat. AB - The effects of depletion of serotonin by the chronic administration of amphetamine (twice daily, 7.5 mg/kg per injection on days 1-6; 15 mg/kg per injection on the remaining days, i.p.) for 10-14 days on ponto-geniculo-occipital (PGO) waves was examined in cats. While the regimen of pretreatment with amphetamine produced comparable decreases in the content of central serotonin (i.e. 40-70%) to those observed in other studies (i.e. with reserpine, p chlorophenylalanine, methiothepin) of ponto-geniculo-occipital wave activity, no ponto-geniculo-occipital waves of the rapid-eye-movement sleep type were observed during waking after chronic treatment with amphetamine. These results are discussed within the context of the "serotonin gating" hypothesis of the generation of ponto-geniculo-occipital waves, an hypothesis which states that ponto-geniculo-occipital waves emerge into waking when a critical level of the depletion of serotonin is reached, thus opening the "gate" for ponto-geniculo occipital waves to enter waking states. The present authors suggest that a gradual depletion of serotonin, such as occurs following the chronic administration of amphetamine, will not elicit ponto-geniculo-occipital waves into waking, whereas a rapid depletion of serotonin, such as occurs following treatment with reserpine, results in the emergence of ponto-geniculo-occipital waves into walking. PMID- 6521853 TI - Limited involvement of central noradrenergic pathways in morphine-induced antinociception. AB - Lesioning of cerebral and spinal noradrenergic terminals by the neurotoxin DSP4 (50 mg/kg, 7 days prior to testing) significantly attenuated the effect of morphine (2.5-7.5 mg/kg) in rats tested with the hot-plate test. The effect of DSP4 was prevented by pretreatment with the selective inhibitor of uptake of NA, desipramine. Treatment with DSP4 did not attenuate the effect of morphine (5 mg/kg) in the flinch-jump and tail-flick tests, and did not by itself change the nociceptive thresholds in any of the tests. It is concluded that noradrenergic structures in the central nervous system play a limited role in analgesia induced by morphine. PMID- 6521854 TI - Injections of bombesin into the substantia nigra produce hypothermia and hypophagia in food-deprived rats. AB - Hypothermia and hypophagia have been elicited, under a variety of experimental conditions, by central injections of bombesin. The preoptic area of the anterior hypothalamus has been suggested as the active site for the hypothermia observed in rats exposed to cold, while the lateral hypothalamus has been implicated in the production of hypophagia induced by bombesin. Data are reported here demonstrating a significant, dose-related decrease in both intake of food and body temperature following microinjections of bombesin into the substantia nigra of male rats deprived of food for 18 hr. Similar injections into the preoptic area, the lateral hypothalamus and the ventromedial hypothalamus failed to produce a consistent decrease in either intake of food or body temperature. Although a decrease in body temperature was demonstrated following injections into the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus, this decrease did not appear to be dose-related. Injections of bombesin at this site had no effect on food intake. The possibility of an underlying dopaminergic mechanism for the hypothermic and hypophagic effects of bombesin is discussed. PMID- 6521855 TI - Effects of DFP on iridic metabolism and release of acetylcholine and on pupillary function in the rat. AB - The time course of the effects of the topical administration of 1 microgram of diisopropylfluorophosphate (DFP) onto the cornea of the rat on the function of the iris and the biochemistry of acetylcholine (ACh) was followed for 6 hr after the acute inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in the iris. Pupil diameter was normal at 1 min but from 5 min to 6 hr after DFP, the size of the pupil was less than 50% of control. As measured by infra-red video pupillography, complete miosis occurred within 3.5 to 4.0 min after the application of DFP. From this time on, up to 6 hr, a pupillary light reflex could not be elicited. Acetylcholinesterase activity in the iris was reduced to 36% of control 1 min after the application of DFP, decreased to 8% at 5 min and still remained far below control values at 6 hr. Levels of acetylcholine in the iris were increased by 34% 1 min after the application of DFP and by 54% at 5 min. This increase remained stable for 120 min and then started to return to control values but was still 28% above control at 6 hr. Levels of choline (Ch) in the iris were decreased by 22% 5 min after the application of DFP but quickly returned to normal and were the same as controls at all other times tested. Evidence consistent with the presence of muscarinic presynaptic autoreceptors on cholinergic nerve terminals in the iris of the rat was provided by experiments involving electrically stimulated release of labelled ACh from isolated rat irises.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6521856 TI - Pharmacological characterization of the magnocellular neuroendocrine cells of the guinea pig supraoptic nucleus in vitro. AB - The effects of various agents which have been implicated in the regulation of vasopressin release, on the supraoptic neuroendocrine cells were studied intracellularly. L-glutamate (10(-4)M) and gamma-aminobutyric acid (10(-6) M) had potent excitatory and inhibitory actions, respectively. Acetylcholine (10(-6) M) depolarized the membrane and increased the membrane input resistance. Norepinephrine (10(-5) M) produced either excitatory or inhibitory action on the spontaneous firing rate depending on the cell impaled. Morphine (10(-8)-10(-6) M) strongly depressed the spontaneous firing rate whereas it has no noticeable effect on the membrane potential and input resistance. Angiotensin II (10(-5) M) had no effect on any of the cells tested. PMID- 6521857 TI - Behavioral and biochemical evidence of apomorphine-induced supersensitivity of the striatal dopamine receptors. AB - The effect of repeated administration of apomorphine was studied behaviorally and biochemically in rats bearing either a unilateral lesion of the substantia nigra with 6-OHDA or an electrolytic lesion of the entopeduncular nucleus. Rats with the nigral lesion displayed a progressive increase in contralateral circling rate. In animals with the entopeduncular lesion, the ipsiversive circling response was unchanged after the eight injection of apomorphine. [3H] Spiroperidol binding to striatal membranes did not appear modified by the apomorphine treatment on the intact side. It was however increased on the side of the 6-OHDA lesion. We propose that a denervated striatum responds to repeated stimulation by dopamine agonists with a paradoxical increase in sensitivity. This may explain in part the appearance of dyskinesia in treated parkinsonian patients. PMID- 6521858 TI - Aortic recognition sites for serotonin (5HT) are coupled to phospholipase C and modulate phosphatidylinositol turnover. AB - The 5HT-mediated contraction of rat thoracic aorta is competitively blocked by the specific receptor antagonist 5HT2 ketanserin. In this tissue the addition of 5HT activated the turnover of 3H-phosphatidylinositol in a ketanserin-reversible fashion. These 5HT2 recognition sites appear to be coupled to a phospholipase C mediated cleavage of phosphatidylinositol. PMID- 6521859 TI - Selective labelling of high affinity 5-hydroxytryptamine1 receptors in whole rat brain. AB - In synaptic membranes prepared from whole rat brain, cinanserin produced a relatively shallow inhibition curve of [3H] 5-HT binding with Hill slope of 0.68, as compared with that observed in the [3H]spiperone binding (Hill slope = 0.99). Furthermore, nonlinear regression analysis demonstrated that the former inhibition curve is best fitted by a two-site model. Regional and Scatchard analyses both clearly revealed that, in rat brain, at least two populations of binding sites were labelled by [3H]5-HT; however, high affinity binding sites (K(D) = 1.90 nM, Bmax = 0.188 pmoles/mg protein) could apparently be differentiated from the others by the action of 5 nM cinanserin. PMID- 6521860 TI - [Genesis of language in children]. PMID- 6521861 TI - [Development of language behavior in young children]. PMID- 6521862 TI - [Genesis of articulated statements]. PMID- 6521863 TI - [Neurobiology of language in children. The problem of the genesis of hemispheric specialization]. PMID- 6521864 TI - [Various aspects of language in autistic children during demutization]. PMID- 6521865 TI - [Paradoxical forms of the mother-infant exchange]. PMID- 6521866 TI - Detection of neurotropic properties of the serum in schizophrenics. PMID- 6521867 TI - Role of electroencephalography in assessment of patients after meningococcal infection. PMID- 6521869 TI - Dynamics of evoked potentials in the course of progressive schizophrenia. PMID- 6521868 TI - Some electrophysiological parameters of brain function in young schoolchildren. PMID- 6521870 TI - Spectral characteristics of the cortex EEG for activation of the serotoninergic structures of the neocortex. PMID- 6521871 TI - Parallel and sequential information processing in animals as a function of different hemispheres. AB - The procedure of motor-food conditioned reflexes in conjunction with unilateral decortication of the hemispheres by means of spreading depression was used in experiments on 53 rats. Differentiation of geometric figures, combined into simultaneous complexes or chain stimuli, presented simultaneously or sequentially, was developed. It was shown that lateralization of predominant disturbances of analysis depends not on the type of stimuli used, but on the nature of their presentation. In the case of simultaneous presentation, the most profound disturbances occurred after the right hemisphere was disconnected, and in the case of sequential presentation, as a result of inactivation of the left hemisphere. The presence of a simultaneous processor in the right hemisphere of the animals and a sequential processor in the left is suggested. PMID- 6521872 TI - Interhemispheric asymmetry of associative responses in the cat parietal cortex. AB - The asymmetry of associative responses in the parietal region of the cortex was experimentally studied during visual and auditory stimulation of tubocurarine immobilized cats at various intensities with the multiple recording of evoked potentials (EP). The left-handed asymmetry of the early and late components of associative responses was established. It was shown that the zones of convergence of visual and auditory information are also asymmetric and predominate in the left hemisphere. By contrast to the projection regions, no strength or transcallosal modulation of the interhemispheric asymmetry could be found in the parietal cortex. The data obtained indicate the applicability of the principle of functional asymmetry to the activity of paired segments of associative cortical systems in animals. PMID- 6521873 TI - Physiological mechanisms of the "arousal response" in animals in a state of hypobiosis. AB - In a state of hypobiosis in white rats it was found that the previously described [4, 6] "arousal response" is characterized by a flareup of motor activity with a definite coordinated structure of the motor acts in response to a change in the animal's posture. Repeated reproduction of this response leads to a rapid summation of the electromyographic activity and a rise in the temperature. In experiments on heterothermic animals these responses are even more pronounced and are accompanied by a restoration of the original body posture and substantial temperature rise. Such an effective process of heat formation in the bodies of heterothermic animals during the "arousal response" may be associated with the mechanism of "special" awakening under conditions of reduced activity. PMID- 6521875 TI - Behavioral reaction of the cricket Gryllus bimaculatus to changes in sonic stimulation. AB - A study was made of the characteristics of an innate behavioral reaction of crickets, in the form of termination of running, in response to a change in sound stimulus. The insects were fastened at the pronotum to a holder and placed on a glass plate in such a way that it was possible for them to run spontaneously. While running, the insects were subjected to sequential sound pulses (24-msec duration, 5-kHz carrier frequency) with a period of 42 msec, changed to a second sequence of the same pulses with a period of 1 sec. Change in signals resulted in a termination of running. We demonstrated that the animals stop running directly in response to a change in signals. It is suggested that this method may be used for the study of functional capabilities of the aural system of insects. PMID- 6521874 TI - Representation of both visual hemifields in the lateral suprasylvian area of one hemisphere. AB - Clusters of neurons of the lateral suprasylvian area are shown to be able to respond to stimulation of symmetrical areas of the ipsi- and contralateral visual hemifields. Neuron clusters with such symmetrical receptive fields have a retinotopic organization. PMID- 6521876 TI - [Buprenorphine in postoperative pain. Comparison of intravenous and sublingual administration]. PMID- 6521877 TI - [Anesthesiological management in surgery of congenital neonatal diaphragmatic hernia]. PMID- 6521878 TI - [Baclofen as an analgesic in operations for uterine dilatation, aspiration and curettage]. PMID- 6521879 TI - [Description of a clinical case of inadvertent peridural administration of 15 percent potassium chloride]. PMID- 6521880 TI - [Disposable equipment for peridural analgesia]. PMID- 6521881 TI - [Anesthesiological risk. Quantitative analysis]. PMID- 6521882 TI - [Nosologic situation and therapeutic treatment of morbid obesity]. PMID- 6521883 TI - [Medical treatment of morbid obesity]. PMID- 6521884 TI - [Surgical therapy of morbid obesity by intestinal by-pass]. PMID- 6521885 TI - [Gastric bypass in the therapy of obesity. Indications and results]. PMID- 6521887 TI - [Surgical therapy of severe obesity: results and complications. Our experience with termino-lateral jejuno-ileal bypass (personal method)]. PMID- 6521886 TI - [Development of the partial biliopancreatic bypass for obesity]. PMID- 6521888 TI - [Ten-year experience with the surgery of morbid obesity. Apropos of 120 surgery cases]. PMID- 6521889 TI - [Importance of manometry in the diagnosis of benign ano-rectal pathology]. PMID- 6521890 TI - [Update on the treatment of hemorrhoids]. PMID- 6521891 TI - [Aspects and behavior of smooth and striated sphincters in fissure in ano. Possible interpretations]. PMID- 6521892 TI - [Anal fistulas]. PMID- 6521893 TI - [Rectal prolapse]. PMID- 6521894 TI - [Indications and criteria for selection in the surgical treatment of severe obesity]. PMID- 6521895 TI - [Proctologic complications in intestinal bypass]. PMID- 6521896 TI - [Early complications of the laparotomy wound in morbid obesity patients subjected to an intestinal bypass]. PMID- 6521897 TI - [Incidence, prevention and therapy of electrolyte imbalance in jejunoileal bypass]. PMID- 6521898 TI - [Aspects of the ambulatory control of morbid obesity patients subjected to a jejunoileal bypass]. PMID- 6521899 TI - [Macroscopic and microscopic evaluation of the adaptation of the functioning intestine and the excluded intestine after jejunoileal bypass]. PMID- 6521900 TI - [Ultrastructural study of cells of the functioning and excluded intestinal epithelium of morbid obesity patients subjected to a jejunoileal bypass]. PMID- 6521901 TI - [Morphologic study by scanning electron microscope of the mucosa of the functioning and excluded intestinal segments after jejunoileal bypass]. PMID- 6521902 TI - [Hepatic histology in morbid obesity patients before and after jejunoileal bypass]. PMID- 6521903 TI - [Hepatic histology of morbid obesity patients after various types of jejunoileal bypass]. PMID- 6521905 TI - Rectal prolapse. PMID- 6521904 TI - [Changes in the principal hematochemical parameters of the hepatic function after jejunoileal bypass]. PMID- 6521907 TI - [Gastritis or non-gastritis?]. PMID- 6521906 TI - [Radicalism and curability in abdominal surgery]. PMID- 6521908 TI - [Primary gastric lymphomas]. PMID- 6521909 TI - [Proposal of a technic for digestive reconstruction after total gastrectomy]. PMID- 6521910 TI - [Personal considerations on the posterior approach in the surgery of rectal neoplasms]. PMID- 6521911 TI - [Post-surgical monitoring of patients operated on for carcinoma of the large intestine]. PMID- 6521912 TI - [Reflux in gastroresected patients: comparative investigation after Billroth II and interposed segment]. PMID- 6521913 TI - [Recto-colonic adenoma: which therapy?]. PMID- 6521914 TI - [Neoplastic risk in the gastroresected patient according to Billroth I and Billroth II. Current and future prospectives]. PMID- 6521915 TI - [Evaluation of long-term results of the Duhamel intervention in the treatment of congenital megacolon in the adult]. PMID- 6521916 TI - [Atresia of the biliary ducts]. PMID- 6521917 TI - [Surgical treatment of hepatic echinococcosis]. PMID- 6521918 TI - [Hemobilia]. PMID- 6521919 TI - [Development of alternative interventions in the treatment of portal hypertension]. PMID- 6521920 TI - [Indications for splenectomy in portal hypertension]. PMID- 6521921 TI - [New dilemmas in emergency surgery: is there a precise indication for autotransfusion?]. PMID- 6521922 TI - [Autotransfusion in emergency surgery. Technic and preliminary results]. PMID- 6521923 TI - [Partial preservation of the spleen parenchyma in the prevention of hyposplenism due to splenectomy. Note on the behavior of Heinz and Howell-Jolly bodies. Experimental research]. PMID- 6521924 TI - [Intestinal infarction. Apropos of 13 cases]. PMID- 6521925 TI - [Peristomal dermatitis. Etiopathogenetic, clinical and therapeutic considerations apropos of 102 cases]. PMID- 6521926 TI - [Aneurysms of the abdominal aorta. Analysis of prognostic factors]. PMID- 6521927 TI - [Transcolostomic colo-colic anastomosis]. PMID- 6521928 TI - [Transposition of the ovary. Anatomical bases and notes on surgical technic]. PMID- 6521929 TI - [Laparocele: review of the literature and our experience]. PMID- 6521930 TI - [Case of primary pluricentric melanoma of the small intestine]. PMID- 6521931 TI - [Babbit's pancreatico-biliary anomaly in cystic dilatation of the choledocus]. PMID- 6521932 TI - [Spontaneous hydatidoperitoneum in adults. Apropos of a clinical case report]. PMID- 6521934 TI - [Stewart-Treves syndrome]. PMID- 6521933 TI - [Volvulus of the gallbladder. Presentation of a new case]. PMID- 6521935 TI - Vascular reconstruction in intestinal angina. AB - Chronic intestinal ischemia is rare because of the great capacity to form abundant collaterals. The experience with ten patients is discussed and the literature is reviewed. Diagnosis is easily missed because of the lack of specific symptoms. All but one of the patients showed the classical triad (postprandial pain, weight loss, epigastric bruit). The diagnostic value of endoscopy based on remarkable ischemic mucosal findings is stressed. These findings have not been described before. Most of the patients suffered from generalized atherosclerosis and therefore had a high operative risk. There was a considerable postoperative morbidity, but no postoperative mortality. In all patients long-term results were satisfactory. Vascular reconstruction is strictly indicated in case of intestinal angina, not only to diminish severe complaints, but also to prevent acute ischemic infarction. In our opinion there is no indication for prophylactic surgery in case of asymptomatic arterial stenosis or occlusion. PMID- 6521936 TI - Aortocaval fistula: an easily missed diagnosis. AB - Four cases of rupture of an abdominal aortic aneurysm into the inferior vena cava are presented. Clinical diagnosis may be difficult because characteristic symptoms are not always present. It is important to recognize the symptoms of an aortocaval fistula as it is usually rapidly fatal. Recognition must lead to immediate surgical intervention. Special attention must be paid to prevent the serious complications inherent in this syndrome such as copious venous bleeding. Preoperatively, strict monitoring of intravenous transfusion is essential. During the operation care in handling the aneurysm is necessary to avoid pulmonary embolism. Surgical closure of the fistula is easy from within the aneurysm. PMID- 6521937 TI - Postanal repair in the treatment of faecal incontinence. AB - The results of postanal repair in 16 patients with faecal incontinence are reported. Ten patients became asymptomatic after surgery, in two the condition improved, while no changes were noted in four. Manometric studies did not correlate with the clinical outcome in these patients; their precise role has to be defined. PMID- 6521938 TI - [Primary surgical treatment of humeral shaft fractures]. AB - Primary internal fixation of acute humeral shaft fractures is only seldom indicated. Following the late results, indication and technique must be very strict. This is shown by the number of 37 cases in seven years and the very low complication rate. PMID- 6521939 TI - A simple method to measure pulmonary artery pressure and central venous pressure with a single transducer. PMID- 6521940 TI - Indications for functional examination in patients with peripheral arteriopathy. PMID- 6521942 TI - Endoscopic percutaneous gastrostomy--a simplified technique. PMID- 6521941 TI - Simultaneous bilateral erect dislocation of the shoulder. PMID- 6521943 TI - Disengagement of the sliding compression screw in the treatment of intertrochanteric fractures of the femur. PMID- 6521944 TI - [Hepatopathy of the drug addict. Morphological data and incidence of serological markers of hepatitis B virus in 65 patients]. AB - 65 heroin addicts who had previously underwent liver biopsy for liver disease were studied retrospectively; the histological features of liver disease and hepatitis B serological markers were analyzed in detail. Alcohol abuse was rare in this group (6.1%), but moderate or occasional use of mild alcoholic beverages was common. The liver biopsy examination showed that 35 (54%) had chronic active hepatitis, 21 (32%) had non specific reactive hepatitis, 6 (9%) had acute hepatitis and 3 (5%) had chronic persistent hepatitis. Steatosis was present in 41% of all biopsies. 19 subjects were HBsAg positive, and in 60 (92.3%) at least one marker of HBV was found. Observation of liver biopsy specimen under polarized light did not disclose the presence of birefringent material consistent with talc or other inorganic material. These results suggest that HBV infection is responsible for liver disease in heroin addicts in the great majority of cases. PMID- 6521945 TI - [Richter's syndrome. Presentation of a rare variant with regression of chronic lymphatic leukemia and review of the literature]. AB - The incidence of a lymphoreticular system malignancy in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), Richter's syndrome (RS), is 3.3 to 10.6%. In 89 cases in the literature, the second neoplasm was either reticulum cell sarcoma or large cell diffuse histiocytic lymphoma (DHL), and there were 61 cases of Hodgkin's disease (HD). In a few cases the lymphoma was simultaneously diagnosed, for other cases an association with preexisting CLL was reported. Appearance of lymphoma was associated with leukemia regression for only 4 patients with DHL and 3 with HD. We report one case of B-lymphocyte CLL with macroglobulinemia, treated with melphalan and prednisone, in which DHL developed and the hematologic and histologic signs of CLL and of paraproteinemia remissed. Such patients might constitute a subgroup or a variant of RS. Since the non-Hodgkin malignant lymphomas (NHML) are considered to be monoclonal neoplastic expansion of the B cell or T-cell lymphocytes, and since in some cases it has been proved that the proliferative cell clone was the same as that of the initial lymphoproliferative disease, RS could be a dedifferentiation or a transformation of CLL, resulting in an aggressive clinical course. The inclusion in this syndrome of CLL cases associated with HD is still controversial. Many of these cases could be giant cell pleomorphic lymphomas, while, on the contrary, in typical cases this association might be merely fortuitous. PMID- 6521946 TI - [Syndrome of clinical pseudohypoglycemia]. AB - Four cases of coma, clinically typed as hypoglycaemic but without low blood sugar levels are presented. The clinical picture was rapidly normalised by immediate infusion with hypertonic glucosate. A tentative pathogenetic hypothesis is proposed and the Yager and Young "non-hypoglycaemia" syndrome is once more discussed. PMID- 6521947 TI - [Hemofiltration in peripheral and cerebral arterial diseases]. AB - Whole blood filtration was performed in 33 patients with vascular disease (23 peripheral and 10 cerebral vascular disease) and in 15 controls using a polycarbonate membrane of 11 micron thickness with 5 micron pores. Blood filterability (index of red cell deformability) was reduced in patients with peripheral vascular disease and even more so in patients with cerebral vascular disorders. Blood glucose, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, among the risk factors, were significantly higher in patients with vascular disease than in controls but no correlation was between these factors and VRBC index (filtration rate/Hct). PMID- 6521948 TI - [Resinated isoxsuprine in the therapy of cerebral ischemic vascular diseases]. AB - An examination of 80 patients with ischaemic cerebrovascular disease, subdivided into 5 groups according to platelet antiaggregant treatment, demonstrated the effectiveness of resinated Isoxysuprine in preventing recurrences. The drug's success can most probably be attributed to its particular action mechanism. PMID- 6521949 TI - [Psychological profile of the spa user. Preliminary study of motivations for spa treatment]. AB - The main psychological and possible psychopathological traits of the spa user are identified and classified in order to clarify motivational aspects. Two different self-assessment tests, the Middlesex Hospital Questionnaire (MHQ) and the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) were given, the first to 500 subjects who had undergone spa treatment cycles lasting at least 10 days and the second to a control group of 50. MHQ data showed a significant incidence of certain neurotic traits, especially phobia, obsession and somatisation in the first group. Despite their different areas of competence and survey methods, both questionnaires produced results to support the hypothesis that a particular form of neurosis may play a significant part in motivating recourse to spa treatment. PMID- 6521950 TI - [Primary lymphoma of the breast]. AB - Analysis of 5 cases of primary breast lymphoma highlights the marked rarity of the lesion and the extreme difficulty of pre-operative diagnosis. It is also shown that the disease generally runs a rapid course and that prognosis is usually unfavourable. The most effective treatment appears to be a combination of surgery and radiation therapy, while chemotherapy--although widely used--still requires further confirmation. PMID- 6521951 TI - [The elbow exposed to vibrating instruments and idiopathic diffuse skeletal hyperostosis: association or pure coincidence?]. AB - A group of 11 patients with chronic enthesopathy of the elbow caused by vibrating instruments was systematically examined for spinal signs of diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH). Nine patients revealed spinal involvement, the two exceptions probably relating to the patients' youth. The findings support the hypothesis that DISH is not a disease but rather a tendency to excessive ossification of ligamentous structures in response to stimuli that generally produce only modest new bone formation. Those suffering from such ossifying diathesis should be directed towards work unlikely to damage the enthesis. PMID- 6521952 TI - [Behavior of 4 urinary enzymes in healthy subjects in relation to age, sex, body weight and height]. AB - 105 healthy subjects were studied in order to verify results obtained on a smaller sample and revealed some correlations between NAG and GLU and age. It was also found that in male subjects, GAL tended to vary in relation to body weight and in females in relation to age. PMID- 6521953 TI - [Prolactin in the alcohol withdrawal syndrome. Role of the dopaminergic system]. AB - The basal prolactinemia and the prolactinic reserve were investigated in 30 chronic alcoholics, during the alcohol withdrawal syndrome. In 80% of these patients, the prolactinic reserve was extremely low, while in 16,66% of them was normal or near the lowest limits, recognizing in the exaggerated dopaminergic central activity the responsible pathogenetic mechanism. The dopaminergic hyperactivity fits into a general context of the sympathetic-adrenergic hypertonia, which notoriously plays a primary pathogenetic role in the pathogenesis of the alcohol withdrawal syndrome. In 5 patients with an inhibited prolactin response, a normalization of the prolactin reserve was registered in a test (the same methoclopramide test) carried out after 2-3 months of abstinence from alcoholic beverages, as an evidence of the normalization of the central dopaminergic activity and of a dopaminergic hyperactivity during the alcohol withdrawal syndrome. PMID- 6521954 TI - [Clinical and diagnostic considerations on a case of pancreatic plasmacytoma]. AB - An unusual case of obstructive jaundice due to metastatic pancreatic plasmacytoma is described. Initially post-transfusion hepatitis was suspected in the patient who suffered from multiple myeloma (IgA) and had received numerous transfusions for severe anemia. Clinical and laboratory findings indicated obstructive jaundice and the ecographic examination showed a dishomogeneous mass at the level of the pancreas. The investigators suggest that after this type of ecographic finding a percutaneous biopsy should be performed eliminating exploratory laparotomy, a high risk procedure in this type of patient, and eventually radiotherapy should be initiated since this type of tumor is radiosensitive. PMID- 6521956 TI - [Recurrent infectious diseases and AIDS]. PMID- 6521955 TI - [Myoglobinuria secondary to hypokalemia during prolonged diuretic therapy]. AB - Myoglobinuria secondary to hypopotassemia was noted in a hypertensive patient treated for a long period with diuretics (chlorthalidone and indapamide). The picture included hypokalemic myopathy, with myoglobinuria, an increase in serum enzymes related by rhabdomyolysis, and flaccid paralysis. In spite of reinstatement management with potassium chloride, hypopotassemia promoted a torsade de pointes, quickly followed by terminal ventricular fibrillation. PMID- 6521957 TI - [Medical school reform]. PMID- 6521958 TI - Basal lamina at the site of spinal cord transection in the rat: an ultrastructural study. AB - This electron microscopic study confirms that basal lamina (BL) begins to cap the cut end of the spinal cord 15 days after spinal cord transection. BL is first seen immediately adjacent to reactive glial cells but only when there is collagen in the nearby interstitial space. This finding suggests that collagen may provide a trigger to initiate the production of BL by reactive glia. We found no direct evidence that BL in this injury area impeded the outgrowth of regenerating neurites. PMID- 6521959 TI - A simplified cobalt-lysine method for tracing axon trajectories in the central nervous system of vertebrates. AB - The cobalt-lysine method for tract tracing in the vertebrate CNS has been shortened and simplified to the following steps: (1) the cobalt-lysine is applied to the nerve or tract being studied; (2) the animal is perfused 1-2 days later by the following sequence of solutions: (a) phosphate-buffered ammonium sulfide, (b) phosphate buffer alone and (c) phosphate-buffered glutaraldehyde; (3) the brain is exposed to the fixative overnight and left in 30% sugar another night; (4) the brain is then frozen and cut on a cryostat; the sections being collected directly on slides; (5) the mounted sections are then put in an intensification solution before dehydration, clearing and coverslipping. PMID- 6521960 TI - Manganese ions inhibit acetylcholine receptor synthesis in cultured mouse soleus muscles. AB - Thin bundles dissected from mouse soleus muscles were kept in culture media containing 10% calf serum. After 3 days of culture at 37 degrees C the muscles were tested for acetylcholine (ACh) sensitivity by measuring the force of the contracture produced by 10 microM ACh. The ACh-receptor density was measured by the [125I]alpha-bungarotoxin method. When the [Ca2+] of the culture medium was 0.02 mM (instead of the normal 2 mM), ACh sensitivity and ACh-receptor density were not different from control. Replacement of 99% Ca2+ by Sr2+ or by Mg2+ was also without effect. The muscles did not survive in solutions containing Ni ions. ACh sensitivity and ACh-receptor density were at levels characteristic of non cultured muscles when the culture medium contained 0.4-1.8 mM Mn2+. Since the incorporation of ACh receptors into the membrane was not affected by Mn ions these results indicate that Mn ions inhibit the synthesis of ACh receptors. PMID- 6521961 TI - Conjugated catecholamines in birds. AB - Large concentrations of dopamine (DA) glucuronide were measured in the plasma of chronically cannulated adult chickens (Gallus gallus), adult ducks (Anas platyrhynchos) and 1-month-old ducklings. Glucuronides of norepinephrine (NE) and epinephrine (E) also were present but at much lower concentrations. Sulfoconjugated DA, NE and E could be detected only in chickens. There were quantitative differences between chicken and duck catecholamine metabolism: (i) glucuronoconjugates and sulfoconjugates comprised large portions of the total DA, NE and E in chicken plasma; (ii) the predominant form of DA in duck plasma was DA glucuronide while most of the NE and E circulated in unconjugated (i.e. free) form. Catecholamine levels did not differ between adult and immature ducks. Angiotensin II injection into adult ducks elicited simultaneous increases in arterial blood pressure (Pa) and free NE but did not alter conjugated catecholamine levels. PMID- 6521962 TI - Cortical serotonin-S2 receptor binding abnormalities in patients with Alzheimer's disease: comparisons with Parkinson's disease. AB - Reductions in the numbers of binding sites for the serotonergic S2-receptor antagonist, ketanserin, are, as previously reported, evident in Alzheimer's disease. New findings indicate that these sites are not affected in the cortex of patients with Parkinson's disease despite the presence of cognitive impairment. In contrast S1-receptor binding sites were reduced to a small but significant extent in both Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease with cognitive deficit. The S2 receptor binding loss was not related to the cholinergic deficit (decreased choline acetyltransferase) common to both disorders nor to the presence of cortical senile plaques but did relate to the extent of cortical neurofibrillary tangle formation, evident in Alzheimer's but not generally in Parkinson's disease. These observations suggest that S2- but not S1-receptor binding abnormalities may reflect an important intrinsic cortical involvement specifically associated with the Alzheimer disease process. PMID- 6521963 TI - Blockade of dopamine-induced chemosensory inhibition by domperidone. AB - The sensory discharges from the carotid body chemoreceptors of the cat are transiently inhibited by dopamine (DA) injections. This chemosensory inhibition was effectively blocked by domperidone, a selective antagonist of D2 dopaminoceptors. The basal frequency of spontaneous chemosensory impulses was immediately and sustainly increased after domperidone, suggesting the withdrawal of a tonic inhibition of chemosensory discharges by endogenous DA released from glomus cells. The peripheral dopaminergic modulation of chemoreflexes may be separately blocked by domperidone, a drug unable to cross the blood-brain barrier. PMID- 6521964 TI - Kainic acid derivatives with anticonvulsant activity. AB - beta-Kainic acid, and the glycine and amino-methylphosphonate derivatives of alpha- and beta-kainic acid, have been injected intracerebroventricularly in DBA/2 mice, that show sound-induced seizure responses. An anticonvulsant effect is observed with marked protection against the tonic and clonic phases of the seizure response. ED50 values against clonus are (in mumol): beta-kainic acid, 0.09; beta-kainylglycine, 0.11; alpha-kainylglycine, 0.28; alpha kainylaminomethylphosphonate, 0.31; beta-kainylaminomethylphosphonate, greater than 1.5. In addition a direct convulsant effect occurs after the alpha-kainyl derivatives. PMID- 6521965 TI - Are the external and internal intercostal muscles synergist or antagonist in the cat? AB - The electrical activity of the external and internal intercostal muscles was recorded in decerebrated cats during eupnea and in the course of dyspnoea artificially induced to reinforce the inspiratory or expiratory central drive. In the cephalic part of the thorax (1st-5th ribs) the lateral part of the external and internal intercostal muscles are synergist and inspiratory. In the caudal part of the thorax (9th-13th ribs) these muscles are also synergist but expiratory. In the intermediate part (5th-9th ribs) the intercostal muscles are antagonist, the external ones are inspiratory and the internal ones are expiratory. PMID- 6521966 TI - Ultrastructural evidence of amygdalofugal axons terminating on cholinergic cells of the rostral forebrain. AB - In the present study a double-label ultrastructural procedure was used to study amygdalofugal fibers contacting cholinergic cells of the rostral forebrain. Following horseradish peroxidase (HRP) injections into the basolateral amygdala, anterogradely transported HRP was detected in axon terminals contacting the dendrites of choline acetyltransferase-containing cells in the ventral pallidum. PMID- 6521967 TI - Voltammetrically monitored brain ascorbate as an index of excitatory amino acid release in the unrestrained rat. AB - To discover the significance of changes in the extracellular concentration of brain ascorbate, we used linear sweep voltammetry to monitor the ascorbate signal. Recordings were made with carbon paste electrodes implanted in the striatum and hippocampus of anaesthetised and unanaesthetised rats under a variety of conditions. Intraperitoneal administration of excitatory amino acid transmitters, but not tyrosine or glycine, increased extracellular striatal ascorbate; similarly, microinfusion of L-glutamate beside striatal electrodes enhanced the ascorbate signal. Electrical stimulation of the perforant path increased the extracellular concentration of dentate ascorbate in the unanaesthetised, but not in the anaesthetised, rat. These results support our hypothesis that changes in the extracellular concentration of brain ascorbate monitored by voltammetry reflect the release of excitatory amino acids. PMID- 6521968 TI - Fluorescence from colorless oil droplets: a new criterion for identification of cone photoreceptors. AB - Vertebrate retinal photoreceptors containing colorless oil droplets have often been described as blue-sensitive. This identification is reexamined by intracellular recording and Lucifer yellow dye injections in turtle retina. Contrary to previous reports, the majority of the cones with colorless oil droplets were found to be red-sensitive; only one-third of the cones sampled were blue-sensitive. In addition, colorless oil droplets contained in the red sensitive cones displayed a bright green fluorescence upon near-ultraviolet irradiation, while those of the blue-sensitive cones did not fluoresce. PMID- 6521969 TI - Haemodynamic effects of arginine-vasopressin microinjections into the nucleus tractus solitarius: a comparative study of vasopressin, a selective vasopressin receptor agonist and antagonist, and oxytocin. AB - Arginine-vasopressin (AVP) and related peptides were administered by microinjection into the nucleus tractus solitarius of the rat. AVP produced a rise both in mean arterial pressure and in heart rate. This effect was abolished by pretreatment with a specific antagonist of V1 receptors and was not seen either after injections of oxytocin or of the V2 agonist deamino-D-arginine vasopressin. This study provides evidence for a specific action of vasopressin on the cardiovascular system in the nucleus of the tractus solitarius, which is mediated neither by V2 nor oxytocin receptors. PMID- 6521970 TI - Specific binding of [3H]diazepam in mouse glioblastoma: the influence of clonazepam and Ro 5-4864 on [3H]diazepam binding. AB - The reversible specific binding of [3H]diazepam was observed by a radioligand method in homogenates of cultured cells of mouse glioblastoma. It was characterized by an equilibrium dissociation constant Kd = 91 +/- 5 nM and the number of maximal binding sites (Bmax) of 1006 +/- 100 fmol/mg protein. The half saturation and half-degradation periods for the ligand-receptor complex were 15 and 10 s, respectively. The specific binding sites from glioblastoma are similar to the peripheral-type receptors as their inhibition constant for Ro 5-4864 Ki = 16 nM and that for clonazepam Ki = 30 microM. PMID- 6521971 TI - Cortical projections of monoamine oxidase-containing neurons from the posterior hypothalamus in the rat. AB - Monoamine oxidase (MAO) histochemistry combined with retrograde horseradish peroxidase tracing of neurons demonstrated that MAO-containing neurons in the tuberal, caudal and postmamillary caudal magnocellular nuclei of the hypothalamus project to various cerebral cortices. PMID- 6521973 TI - Origin and plastic properties of late components evoked in the rat's but not in the armadillo's prepyriform cortex. AB - Following ipsilateral olfactory bulb (IOB) stimulation long-latency (62-89 ms) gross and unit responses were evoked in the prepyriform cortex of rats prepared under urethane or pentobarbital, but were absent in 23 armadillos explored under the same anesthetics. Depth profile and current source density analysis revealed that generators of early and late components (LC) lie within cortical layers Ia Ib, suggesting that LC may represent a compound depolarizing excitatory postsynaptic potential, generated by recurrent excitation of pyramidal cells. LC satisfied, in addition, several parametric requirements for habituation, favoring the hypothesis that late response waning following a period of predictable, repetitive and invariant stimulation, might be related to behavioral habituation to odors. PMID- 6521972 TI - Time-dependent effects of hippocampo-entorhinal atropine on passive avoidance learning in the young rat. AB - Young rats 20 and 16 days of age received bilateral micro-injections of saline or atropine (115 micrograms/kg) into the posteroventral hippocampo-subiculo entorhinal area, and were trained on a cool-draft-stimulus passive avoidance task thereafter. The delay between injection and training was variable: 17 min, 4 h and 6 h at 20 days; 17 min, 6 h and 12 h at 16 days. Atropine-induced learning deficits were observed after the short and intermediate intervals, but not after the longer ones, indicating that the action of atropine injected intracerebrally lasted for several hours (at least 4 h at 20 days, and 6 h at 16 days) and was over after 6 h and 12 h respectively. PMID- 6521974 TI - [Intravital selection of early mouse embryos by sex and karyotypic characteristics]. AB - The possibility of live karyotyping by a single blastomere isolated at the 2-, 4 , and 8-cell stage has been investigated. It is expedient to use to this end a single blastomere isolated from a 4-cell embryo. Three rest blastomeres formed normal morulae or blastocysts upon cultivation during 44 or 68 hrs. When the isolated blastomeres were cultivated for 14-16 hrs in a medium 0.5 micrograms/ml colcemide, 97% of blastomeres were at the metaphase stage and 72% of chromosome plates were suitable for karyotyping. The prospects of the method proposed in experimental embryology and for selection of the early embryos of farm animals by sex are discussed. PMID- 6521975 TI - [Radioautographic study of the cellular proliferation of retinal pigment epithelium in axolotls]. AB - The proliferative activity of the pigment epithelium cells in the axolotl eyes was studied using 3H-thymidine in two types experiments: after the removal of lens, iris and retina and upon the cultivation of the pigment epithelium pieces in the cavity of lens-less eye. Irrespective of the operation type, the level of proliferation of the pigment epithelium cells changed regularly with respect to the time of observation. In the intact eye, the level of proliferation of the pigment epithelium cells was not high: the index of labelled nuclei equaled 0.5%, no mitoses were found. The highest values of the index of labelled nuclei (12.6 32.1%) and of the mitotic index (0.54-1.07%) were registered on the 10-20th days after the operation. After 40 days, the indices of proliferative activity of the pigment epithelium cells approached gradually those for the intact eye. The cultivation of the pigment epithelium cells in the cavity of a lens-less eye for 50 days did not result in their transdifferentiation into retina cells. The layered retina found in 7.7% of cases after the removal of lens, iris and retina could regenerate either from the cells of the retina growth zone localized in the region of embryonic split, or due to transdifferentiation of the pigment epithelium cells. PMID- 6521976 TI - [Dynamics of the redistribution of pigment granules in the dermal melanophores of anuran amphibians. 1. Dispersion]. AB - The dispersion of melanosomes in the dermal melanophores of the Xenopus laevis larvae has been studied by time--lapse cinematography. The process began with the appearance of distally directed melanosome flows in the cell cytoplasm. During the subsequent migration of pigment granules, the flows branched forming branches of the 2nd and higher orders. The whole cytoplasm became filled with a layer of melanosomes. During the dispersion, the movement of melanosomes in a flow is replaced by their dispersion all over the cytoplasm; these processes alternated. In the peripheral part of the cell devoid of melanosomes, membrane vesicles appeared and the cytoplasm was distinctly divided into ecto- and endoplasm. The ectoplasm contained numerous microfilaments and single microtubules, the endoplasm did not contain any cell organelles, except single electron-dense melanosomes. The active role of plasma membrane in the intracellular movement of melanin granules is suggested. PMID- 6521977 TI - [Kinetics of contact polarization of cells in induced tissues in amphibian embryos]. AB - The curves of distribution of the cell polarization index (ratio of long and short cell axes) and diagrams of distribution of this index were plotted for the presumptive neuroectoderm explants and induced ventral ectoderm of the X. laevis gastrula. It was shown by three independent methods that the mean time of transition of a cell from the nonpolarized to the polarized state amounted to 5-6 min. The polarization was spreading as a continuous wave from one cell to another which is in contact with the former. The length of cell layer is reduced in the direction of the cell polarization wave at a rate of about 2-3 micron/min. Similar values are characteristic of the intact axial rudiments as well. The data obtained allow for the contact polarization of the cells to be considered as a spatially-continuous wave of the loss of stability of the initial non-polarized state. PMID- 6521978 TI - Another hypopyon following laser iridotomy. PMID- 6521979 TI - Treatment of selected cases of pupillary block with YAG laser iridotomies. PMID- 6521980 TI - Incontinentia pigmenti associated with nasolacrimal duct obstruction. AB - A case is reported of a five-month-old female with incontinentia pigmenti associated with nasolacrimal duct obstruction. Ocular manifestations of incontinentia pigmenti have previously been described to include persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous, retinal dysplasia, retrolental fibroplasia, corneal opacities, cataract, optic atrophy, and strabismus. This case is believed to be the first reported instance of incontinentia pigmenti associated with nasolacrimal duct obstruction. The management of this patient is also discussed. PMID- 6521981 TI - Accidental intra-arterial injection of fluorescein dye. AB - During fluorescein angiography, sodium fluorescein dye intended for intravenous use was inadvertently injected into an artery in the antecubital fossa. An immediate and dramatic orange discoloration of the skin distal to the injection combined with intense burning pain of the right forearm and hand were noted. The patient was treated with ice packs and analgesics. The fluorescein angiogram showed a delayed arm to eye circulation time, but was of normal quality. There were no long-term complications. PMID- 6521983 TI - A new infusion/aspiration coaxial cannulated handpiece. AB - A new lightweight, low flow infusion/aspiration coaxial cannulated handpiece incorporates novel features which facilitate extracapsular techniques. It functions well when used with either manual or mechanized systems. PMID- 6521982 TI - The Hessburg flexible anterior chamber intraocular lens. AB - This report describes the technique of implantation of the Hessburg anterior chamber intraocular lens (IOL). It also documents the complications and results in 240 patients. This lens appears to be a satisfactory anterior chamber IOL for use in patients who have had intracapsular cataract extraction. It has been used in eight patients for secondary lens implantation with satisfactory results. The present report must be considered preliminary, as follow-up was between three and twelve months. PMID- 6521984 TI - A guide to pachymeters. AB - An ongoing study of pachymeters has been carried out to determine the accuracy, reproducibility, and ease of operation of various optical and ultrasonic pachymeters. Beginning with optical versus available ultrasonic pachymeters, the demonstrated greater accuracy and reproducibility of ultrasound led to enlargement of the study to a comparison of all available ultrasonic pachymeters. Side-by-side evaluation was undertaken to determine interobserver variation and a number of other factors. The results are summarized as a guide. PMID- 6521985 TI - Lidocaine-pancuronium bromide retrobulbar injection: experimental studies of simultaneous neural and myoneural blockage for profound akinesia. AB - The akinesia of the superior rectus muscle after retrobulbar administration of lidocaine was quantitatively compared to the akinesia after retrobulbar administration of a mixture of lidocaine and pancuronium bromide. Adult cats were given halothane general anesthesia and a limited orbitotomy was performed to facilitate exposure of the superior rectus muscle and its branch of the superior division of the oculomotor nerve. The superior rectus muscle was disinserted and connected to a myograph. A suprathreshold stimulus of 3 volts was then applied to the branch of the oculomotor nerve innervating the superior rectus muscle. The strength, measured in grams, of the superior rectus muscle contraction was then quantitated with the myograph. Subsequently, retrobulbar administration of the drug was given and at 10 minute intervals thereafter the suprathreshold electrical stimulus of 3 volts was reapplied to the nerve innervating the superior rectus muscle, and the strength of the contraction was recorded with the myograph. Retrobulbar administration of 0.5 cc of 2% lidocaine was compared with retrobulbar administration of a mixture of 0.5 cc of lidocaine 2% and 0.2 mg of pancuronium bromide at a dosage of 0.04 mg per kilogram. For the first 30 minutes of the experiment, each retrobulbar administration provided profound akinesia with a total absence of measurable muscular contraction, despite suprathreshold stimulation of the nerve. From 40 to 120 minutes following the retrobulbar administration, the combination of lidocaine 2% and pancuronium bromide was associated with persistent absence of measurable superior rectus contraction.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6521986 TI - The Wisconsin epidemiologic study of diabetic retinopathy. IV. Diabetic macular edema. AB - The prevalence of macular edema and its relationship to a number of risk factors were examined in a population-based study in southern Wisconsin. Macular edema was determined from its presence on stereoscopic fundus photographs or from past history as recorded and documented in clinic records and photographs. For participants whose age at diagnosis of diabetes was less than 30 years and who were taking insulin (n = 919), prevalence rates of macular edema varied from 0% in those who had diabetes less than 5 years to 29% in those whose duration of diabetes was 20 or more years. In these persons, macular edema was associated with longer duration of diabetes, presence of proteinuria, diuretic use, male gender and higher glycosylated hemoglobin. For those whose age at diagnosis was 30 years or older (n = 1121), prevalence rates of macular edema varied from 3% in those who had diabetes less than 5 years to 28% in those whose duration of diabetes was 20 or more years. In these persons, presence of macular edema was associated with longer duration of diabetes, higher systolic blood pressure, insulin use, higher glycosylated hemoglobin, and presence of proteinuria. PMID- 6521987 TI - Flash visual evoked potential as a prognostic factor for vitreous operations in diabetic eyes. AB - In 116 diabetic eyes scheduled for vitreous surgery, the visual evoked potential (VEP) after flash stimulation was recorded prior to surgery. Latencies of the flash evoked potentials show a distribution suggestive of a Gaussian curve with an abnormal extension. Dividing the material into two groups based on a latency shorter or longer than 100 milliseconds revealed a highly significant difference in the visual improvement following surgery between patients with a short and patients with a long latency (P less than 0.001). With a latency longer than 100 millisec. most patients showed no visual change after operation, and among the few who did the change, consisted more often in visual reduction than improvement. Additional investigations in the study reveal that it is likely that the prolonged latency of the flash VEP is due to pathology of the retina or visual pathways. PMID- 6521988 TI - The crystalline lens after vitrectomy for diabetic retinopathy. AB - We reviewed the records of 596 consecutive cases of vitrectomy performed for complications of diabetic retinopathy at the Wilmer Eye Institute. Accidental lens damage occurred during surgery in three eyes. Fourteen (8%) of 180 phakic eyes underwent later cataract removal. Follow-up of at least six months and detailed description of the lens at final examination were available in 151 eyes. Of these, visually significant opacities occurred in 32 eyes (21%), and the lens opacities accounted for substantial loss of final vision in 6 (19%) of these 32 eyes. Moderate or severe lens opacities that developed postoperatively were as follows: anterior subcapsular or cortical changes in 2 eyes (1%), nuclear sclerosis in 11 eyes (7%), posterior subcapsular changes in 25 eyes (17%). One hundred twenty-five preoperative, operative and postoperative factors were analyzed for each patient to detect correlations with postoperative lens changes. Nuclear sclerotic changes correlated with older patient age. Posterior subcapsular changes correlated with three intraoperative factors: longer duration of the operation, use of intravitreal gas, and use of a gas bubble filling more than 50% of the vitreous cavity. Posterior subcapsular changes were progressive with longer follow-up. PMID- 6521989 TI - Vitreous hemorrhage after vitrectomy for diabetic retinopathy. AB - The records of 596 consecutive vitrectomy cases performed for complications of diabetic retinopathy were reviewed to determine the incidence of intraoperative and postoperative vitreous hemorrhage and to determine if blood cleared more rapidly in aphakic compared to phakic eyes. Uncontrollable intraocular bleeding occurred in two eyes (0.5%). Vitreous hemorrhage was present on the first postoperative day in 278 eyes (63%). This early hemorrhage cleared in an average of 9.1 weeks in phakic eyes and 3.4 weeks in aphakic eyes. Further vitreous hemorrhage occurred in 88 eyes (23%). Sixty-four percent of later hemorrhages occurred in 88 eyes (23%). Sixty-four percent of later hemorrhages occurred within six months of the operation and 80% occurred within one year. Later vitreous hemorrhage cleared in an average of 16.2 weeks in phakic eyes and 5.3 weeks in aphakic eyes. Of the 311 eyes with vitreous hemorrhage at some time during the postoperative course, twenty-nine eyes (9%) underwent reoperation to remove nonclearing blood. Nonclearing vitreous hemorrhage was the main cause of final visual loss in only 15 (3.4%) of 438 eyes with adequate follow-up, and 6 of these 15 eyes had final vision of 5/200 or better. PMID- 6521990 TI - Lipemic diabetic retinopathy. AB - A study group of eight patients with diabetic retinopathy and marked accumulation of hard exudates in the fundi is described. There was a significant increase in serum triglyceride levels (P less than 0.05) in the study group as compared to a control group of 23 consecutive patients with diabetic retinopathy. This exudative disorder is visually disabling and is associated with legal blindness in 50% of eyes. The authors believe that the term most appropriate to describe such a severe type of exudative response is lipemic diabetic retinopathy. PMID- 6521991 TI - Severe proliferative vitreoretinopathy and retinal detachment. I. Initial clinical findings. AB - We studied 716 eyes of 697 patients with retinal detachment associated with the more advanced stages of proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR). The factors that influenced the severity of PVR and our criteria for surgical treatment were analyzed using statistical methods. The more severe cases of PVR showed a higher prevalence of cases with (1) retinal detachment exceeding 12 months' duration, (2) no retinal breaks observed, (3) the largest retinal break of a size equal to or exceeding one clock hour, and (4) poor initial visual acuity. Compared with the unoperated group, the eyes on which we subsequently operated were characterized by a greater prevalence of (1) patients with bilateral retinal detachment complicated by PVR, (2) cases with relatively recent onset of retinal detachment, (3) phakic eyes, (4) eyes without vitreous hemorrhage, (5) eyes with one or more visible retinal breaks and with smaller breaks, (6) relatively better initial visual acuity, and (7) less severe degrees of PVR. PMID- 6521992 TI - Severe proliferative vitreoretinopathy and retinal detachment. II. Surgical results with scleral buckling. AB - Prior to the era of vitrectomy, scleral buckling was used to treat 521 eyes with total retinal detachment and proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) of various degrees of severity. The retina was reattached for at least six months in 46.9% of eyes; the anatomic success rate decreased with increasing severity of PVR. Within each grade of PVR, the reattachment rate was higher for eyes with smaller breaks than for eyes with larger breaks, and the prognosis was not worse when smaller breaks were found than when no breaks were found. The cumulative success rate rose with increasing number of reoperations. None of the anatomically successful cases had a final visual acuity of no light perception; 82.9% of them achieved a visual acuity of counting fingers or better. The prognosis for visual improvement after successful scleral buckling was unrelated to the preoperative severity of PVR. Severe intraoperative complications occurred in 5.0% of the eyes, all of which resulted in failure. PMID- 6521993 TI - Retinal pigment epithelium decompensation. I. Clinical features and natural course. AB - We studied 97 eyes (73 patients) that showed a sharp contrast between the grossly normal appearance of the posterior pole by funduscopy and the fluorescein angiography findings of multiple patches of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) transmission defect in the early transit, associated with focal areas of RPE staining in the late transit. The staining was located primarily at the superior edge of the RPE defect (63 eyes). The average age of the patients was 52.2 years at the time of diagnosis, and the ratio of men to women was 3.5 to 1. Ocular histories were unremarkable, except for 27 eyes with documented central serous retinopathy. Thirty-two consecutive eyes have been followed for an average of 3.9 years, and 30 of those eyes have shown visual deterioration. PMID- 6521994 TI - Combined hamartomas of the retina and retinal pigment epithelium. AB - Combined hamartomas of the retina and retinal pigment epithelium are rare fundus lesions. By combining cases seen by members of The Macula Society, clinical data was collected on 60 patients with combined hamartomas. We reviewed the clinical presentations, ophthalmoscopic, and fluorescein angiographic features and differential diagnosis of this tumor. Of 41 patients with adequate follow-up information, 10 (24%) lost at least two lines of visual acuity, usually due to tractional distortion of the fovea, and four (10%) had improved visual acuity following either amblyopia therapy or vitreous surgery for macular traction. PMID- 6521995 TI - Central retinal vein obstruction and carotid artery disease. AB - Thirty-seven consecutive patients (39 eyes) with a central retinal vein obstruction (CRVO) were studied in a cross-sectional fashion with intravenous fluorescein angiography and digitial subtraction carotid angiography. Among the 35 patients (37 eyes) with acceptable studies, 24 eyes, (64%) had an ischemic CRVO, 12 (33%) demonstrated a nonischemic CRVO, and one (3%) was indeterminate. A 17% incidence of ipsilateral atherosclerotic carotid artery obstruction greater than or equal to 50% was associated with both the ischemic (4/24 eyes) and nonischemic (2/12 eyes) groups. Overall, 13 of 35 (37%) patients with CRVO had demonstrable common or internal carotid artery atherosclerosis, an incidence no higher than found in a historical control sample studied postmortem. However, this incidence rose to 50% in patients with an ischemic CRVO and decreased to 17% in those with the nonischemic variety. PMID- 6521996 TI - Retinal arteriolar occlusions following amniotic fluid embolism. AB - Amniotic fluid embolism is a serious complication of pregnancy resulting in death in the majority of patients. Particulate matter originating in the amniotic fluid has been identified at autopsy in the lung, kidney, and brain. A patient is presented who survived amniotic fluid embolism and developed bilateral retinal arteriolar occlusions, presumably based on entrapment of particulate matter originating in amniotic fluid. Her clinical course and ophthalmic findings are reviewed, and the relationship between amniotic fluid embolism and retinal vascular occlusion is discussed. PMID- 6521997 TI - Retinal autoregulation in open-angle glaucoma. AB - The macular blood flow response to an induced change in intraocular pressure (autoregulation) was studied using the blue field entopic phenomenon in 11 open angle glaucoma patients, eight glaucoma suspects and 13 normal volunteers. A suction cup was used to raise the intraocular pressure (IOP) above its resting state (IOPrest). IOPmax, the highest acutely increased IOP for which blood flow can be maintained constant by autoregulation, was 24.9 +/- 1.5 mmHg (+/- 1 SD) in the glaucoma patients, 30.8 +/- 4.6 mmHg in the glaucoma suspects and 29.9 +/- 3.6 mmHg in the normal subjects. The values for IOPmax - IOPrest were 3.7 +/- 4.3 mmHg, 4.7 +/- 3.3 mmHg, and 14.3 +/- 3.1 mmHg, respectively. After the release of the suction cup, a hyperemic response was observed by 16 of 17 normal eyes, 10 of 14 glaucoma suspect eyes and only 9 of 19 glaucomatous eyes. These results suggest an abnormal autoregulation of macular retinal blood flow in open-angle glaucoma. PMID- 6521998 TI - Incidence and significance of a deletion of chromosome band 13q14 in patients with retinoblastoma and in their families. AB - Ten unrelated retinoblastoma patients were studied cytogenetically with high resolution prophase banding; two had a deletion of chromosome 13, band q14. Neither of the two patients had any of the congenital defects usually associated with 13q14 deletions. In patient A, the deletion was found to be de novo. Patient B was found to be mosaic for the 13q14 deletion with 54% of the lymphocytes examined having the deletion. This study indicates that the 13q14 deletion may occur in a significant portion of all retinoblastoma cases. Esterase D activity and isozymes were studied also. The significance of findings will be discussed. PMID- 6521999 TI - Iodine-125 irradiation of choroidal melanoma. Clinical experience. AB - Twenty-nine patients with choroidal melanomas were treated with iodine-125 seeds in gold scleral plaques. Iodine-125 emits low energy 25 KeV photons which are attenuated by the side and back of the plaques so that the radiation is "directed" towards the choroidal tumor. The anticipated therapeutic benefits of using a low energy isotope and directional applicators have been realized. There has been a marked reduction in ocular complications in the nine medium and 20 large melanomas so treated. Our complication rate was 34% with a mean follow-up of 38 months. This is a lower complication rate, with longer follow-up, and in larger tumors than that reported with the use of cobalt-60, ruthenium-106 or ion beam. Three patients with large tumors and two patients with medium tumors died of metastasis. This compares favorably to results of similarly sized melanomas treated by enucleation. PMID- 6522000 TI - Growth rates and doubling times of posterior uveal melanomas. AB - Seventeen patients having a posterior uveal melanoma underwent enucleation following documentation of tumor growth. Duration of follow-up from diagnosis to enucleation ranged from 3 weeks to 30 months. The mean rate of enlargement in cubic tumor volume was 56.3 mm3/mo for eight spindle cell melanomas and 270.3 mm3/mo for nine mixed cell melanomas. The mean tumor doubling time calculated according to the exponential growth equation was 291.6 days for the eight spindle cell melanomas and 128.2 days for the nine mixed cell melanomas. The mean mitotic activity was 3.5 mf/40 hpf for the eight spindle cell melanomas and 5.4 mf/40 hpf for the nine mixed cell melanomas. These results suggest that mixed cell posterior uveal melanomas generally grow faster and have shorter doubling times than do spindle cell melanomas. PMID- 6522001 TI - Regression of posterior uveal melanomas following cobalt-60 plaque radiotherapy. AB - A method has been devised for evaluating the rate and extent of regression of the first 100 consecutive patients with a posterior uveal melanoma that we had managed by Cobalt-60 plaque radiotherapy at Wills Eye Hospital. It was found that the "average" posterior uveal melanoma in the series did not regress rapidly to a flat, depigmented scar but shrank slowly and persisted as a residual mass approximately 50% of the thickness of the original tumor at 54 months following Cobalt-60 plaque radiotherapy. We also found that the rate and extent of regression of the tumors in patients who subsequently developed metastatic melanoma were not appreciably different than the rate and extent of regression of the tumors in patients who remained well systemically. These observations indicate that the rate and extent of regression of posterior uveal melanomas following Cobalt-60 plaque radiotherapy are poor indicators of the prognosis of the affected patients for subsequent development of clinical metastatic disease. PMID- 6522002 TI - Ten years experience with eye wall resection for uveal malignant melanomas. AB - Thirty-four patients underwent eye wall resection for choroidal malignant melanoma over a period of more than ten years. Of these, 11 eyes were later enucleated for complications. Average mean follow-up has been more than 5.3 years. Postoperative visual acuity ranged from light perception to 20/30. Two patients developed liver metastasis 4 years following eye wall resection and later died. However, no local metastasis has been observed. Two patients died from unrelated causes. PMID- 6522004 TI - [Unsolved problems of amputation and the primary use of prostheses]. PMID- 6522005 TI - [Circulatory system in amputees with lower limb stumps and endarteritis obliterans]. PMID- 6522003 TI - Sclerochorioretinal resection for choroidal melanoma. A clinicopathologic correlation of a postmortem eye. AB - A 51-year-old patient underwent a technically successful sclerochorioretinal resection with scleral graft for a medium-sized choroidal melanoma, which proved to be of mixed cell type. Though there was complete resection of the tumor and a favorable visual result, the patient developed metastatic melanoma and died 42 months after the original diagnosis and 34 months after the surgical procedure. Postmortem examination of the involved eye demonstrated excellent anatomic preservation of intraocular structures. Of particular interest was the lack of ischemic necrosis in the anterior segment in spite of surgical disinsertion of two rectus muscles and the ablation of the medial long ciliary artery. PMID- 6522006 TI - [Clinico-morphological characteristics of congenital defects of the crural bones]. PMID- 6522007 TI - [Blood supply of the humerus and treatment of its diaphyseal fractures by transosseous osteosynthesis]. PMID- 6522008 TI - [Regional administration of vitamins C and B 1 and calcium gluconate in the treatment of closed diaphyseal fractures]. PMID- 6522009 TI - [Lymphocyte dehydrogenase activity in bone tissue regeneration]. PMID- 6522010 TI - [Possibilities of using tranquilizers in traumatic shock]. PMID- 6522011 TI - [Treatment of pigmented villonodular synovitis]. PMID- 6522012 TI - [Possibilities of transplantation of the greater occipital nerve in injuries of the cervical spine]. PMID- 6522014 TI - [Improving the organization of the primary prostheses]. PMID- 6522015 TI - [A trauma bed on wheels]. PMID- 6522013 TI - [Method of treating aneurysmal bone cysts]. PMID- 6522016 TI - [A hip stabilizer]. PMID- 6522017 TI - [A device for intramedullary metal osteosynthesis in fragmented diaphyseal fractures with bone defects]. PMID- 6522018 TI - [Prospects of using diagnostic biomechanical equipment]. PMID- 6522019 TI - [New materials for fixing bandages and therapeutic devices]. PMID- 6522020 TI - [Current methods of diagnosis and treatment of combined injuries of the organs of the abdominal cavity and bones of the extremities]. PMID- 6522021 TI - [Compression osteosynthesis in the treatment of pseudarthrosis of the tibia]. PMID- 6522022 TI - [Results of using transosseous extrafocal osteosynthesis in a central regional hospital]. PMID- 6522023 TI - [Formation of a distraction regenerate after filling in a tibial defect with a transposed attached bone fragment (experimental-morphologic study)]. PMID- 6522024 TI - [Biological aspects of bone lengthening]. PMID- 6522025 TI - [Dynamics of osteogenesis after limb lengthening during exposure to hyperbaric oxygenation]. PMID- 6522026 TI - [Effect of various factors on distraction epiphyseolysis (experimental study)]. PMID- 6522027 TI - [Dynamics of morphofunctional changes in organs after limb reimplantation]. PMID- 6522028 TI - [Circulating immune complexes and serum immunoglobulins in patients with severe mechanical injuries]. PMID- 6522029 TI - [Role of assisted pulmonary ventilation in the prevention and treatment of bronchopulmonary complications in patients with closed chest injuries]. PMID- 6522030 TI - [Use of lagochilus tincture in dermoplasty]. PMID- 6522031 TI - [Variant of axillary artery branching and its significance]. PMID- 6522033 TI - [2 cases of severe complications of forearm bone dislocation]. PMID- 6522032 TI - [Bilateral complication of shoulder dislocations]. PMID- 6522034 TI - [Surgical approach to the hip joint for arthroplastic procedures]. PMID- 6522035 TI - [Osteosynthesis using external fixation devices in the multiply injured]. PMID- 6522037 TI - [Irrigation syringe for local treatment of suppurative complications among traumatologo-orthopedic patients]. PMID- 6522036 TI - [Compression osteosynthesis of the olecranon]. PMID- 6522038 TI - [Device for surgical treatment of leg fractures]. PMID- 6522039 TI - [Forceps for creating channels in bones]. PMID- 6522040 TI - [Experience of the Irkutsk Scientific Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics in the treatment of orthopedo-traumatologic patients by means of transosseous compression-distraction osteosynthesis]. PMID- 6522041 TI - [Calculation of the economic loss to society as a result of a child's death from injuries]. PMID- 6522042 TI - [Diagnosis and surgical treatment of patellar chondropathy]. PMID- 6522043 TI - [Transosseous osteosynthesis of the clavicle]. PMID- 6522044 TI - [Autonomic cardiopathy in diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 6522045 TI - [Factors inhibiting the development of the fetal lung]. PMID- 6522047 TI - [Antibiotic therapy of childhood meningitis]. PMID- 6522048 TI - [Roentgen-morphological changes in the stomach and superselective vagotomy]. PMID- 6522046 TI - [Malignant leptospirosis with fatal outcome]. PMID- 6522049 TI - [Brain scintigraphy in viral meningoencephalitis]. PMID- 6522050 TI - [Microcirculation and tracheal injury]. PMID- 6522051 TI - [Sense of smell and taste in patients with drug-treated scleroma and surgically treated ozena]. PMID- 6522052 TI - [Incidence of mucocele of the maxillary sinus depending on the presence of denervated teeth in the jaw]. PMID- 6522053 TI - [Acupuncture in the treatment of various otorhinolaryngologic diseases]. PMID- 6522054 TI - [Differences in taste sensitivity in women and men]. PMID- 6522055 TI - [Effect of moderate hearing loss on speech development in children]. PMID- 6522056 TI - [Case of bilateral conductive hearing loss after head injury with a ball]. PMID- 6522057 TI - [Rapidly growing osteoma of the frontal sinus in a 16-year-old boy]. PMID- 6522058 TI - [Successful combined treatment of thyroid lymphoma with neoplastic infiltration of the larynx and pharynx]. PMID- 6522059 TI - [A rare case of fracture of the posterior cranial fossa]. PMID- 6522060 TI - [Microscopic laryngoscopy and microsurgery in the diagnosis and treatment of neoplastic and inflammatory diseases of the larynx in the Otolaryngological Clinic in Lublin (1971-1982)]. PMID- 6522061 TI - [Clinico-radiological comparisons in juvenile fibroma]. PMID- 6522062 TI - [Clinical and anatomopathological characteristics of cancer of the laryngeal pouch]. PMID- 6522063 TI - [The first branchial arch syndrome]. PMID- 6522064 TI - [The first and second branchial arch syndrome]. PMID- 6522065 TI - [Myringoplasty performed by the rosette method]. PMID- 6522066 TI - [The nasal mucosa and nasal septum in fluorosis]. PMID- 6522067 TI - [Recording action potentials with a latency period of 12-50 msec after acoustic stimulus in persons with normal hearing]. PMID- 6522068 TI - [Electromyographic examination of an artificial larynx after laryngectomy]. PMID- 6522069 TI - [A case of hibernoma of the neck]. PMID- 6522070 TI - Thermal sensibility changes during ischemic nerve block. AB - Changes in perception of pure thermal stimuli delivered to the hand at threshold intensity were observed during ischemic nerve block in 27 healthy subjects in order to study the significance of unmyelinated cutaneous cold receptors for thermal sensibility. Paresthesias and an increasing feeling of numbness were followed by a sudden change in cold sensation which developed a clearly dysesthetic quality. When complete motor block was reached and no myelinated axon functions were left, cold stimuli were still clearly but abnormally perceived. Warm sensation was little affected during the whole course of nerve block. The results indicate that the information from unmyelinated low threshold cold receptors alone leads to a dysesthetic cold sensation which normally is suppressed by the activity of myelinated cold afferents. Obviously these receptors are not needed for the discrimination of minor cold stimuli but they seem to be essential for the perception of the first burning cold pain. PMID- 6522071 TI - The spatial distribution, intensity and unpleasantness of acute dental pain. AB - The distribution, intensity and unpleasantness of acute dental pain were studied in 196 patients. Dental pain was classified by source according to 7 anatomical sites: dentinal, pulpal, pulpal and periapical, periapical, pericoronal, papillar, and periodontal. The distribution of dental pain was classified by the frequency of pain spread throughout the sample, by the extent of pain spread for a particular pain source, that is, the number of vectors of spread, and by the pain reference locations in the face and head. Pain-intensity and pain unpleasantness were assessed on Visual Analogue Scales. The frequency and extent of pain spread varied as a function of source. However, specific patterns of pain spread were not associated with particular pain sources. There was considerable overlap in patterns of spread between maxillary and mandibular pain sources. The frequency and extent of pain spread was correlated positively with both pain intensity and pain unpleasantness. The correlation between pain ratings and pain spread may be attributed to central mechanisms and interactions between trigeminothalamic neurons. Spatial overlap of pain from maxillary and mandibular pain sources may be due to the large receptive fields of wide dynamic range neurons, that can extend beyond one trigeminal division. These observations indicate that the spatial distribution of acute dental pain is not sufficient as a diagnostic tool for indentifying pain source. PMID- 6522072 TI - Relevant and irrelevant anxiety in the reaction to pain. AB - Despite its importance in pain perception, there is a paucity of research investigating the influence of anxiety. This study tested the proposition that anxiety can lead to the exacerbation of pain perception when the source of anxiety is related to the pain experience. When the source is related to something else, anxiety may even reduce the reaction to pain. Sources of anxiety were manipulated in the laboratory--anxiety related to pain and anxiety related to successful learning or the combination of anxiety related to both pain and learning. Verbal, physiological, and behavioral differences were obtained showing that focus upon both the pain and the learning task yielded the strongest pain reactions, while focus upon the learning alone yielded the lowest pain reaction, but the largest learning errors. Focus upon pain was in-between. The theoretical implications of these data were discussed. PMID- 6522073 TI - Moods that predict coming migraine headaches. AB - The relationship between mood change and migraine headache has often been reported anecdotally, but these observations have not been followed up empirically. In this study 17 migraine sufferers recorded headache occurrence and intensity using 10 mood indicators 3 times daily for periods ranging from 21 to 75 days. Headaches were correlated with mood states during the headache and for periods ranging from 12 to 36 h prior to the headache. Feelings of constraint and fatigue produced the highest correlations with headaches. The ability to predict migraine episodes from mood changes offers possibilities for controlling headaches and lessening their impact on patients' lives. PMID- 6522074 TI - Peripheral vascular disease and risk factors of atherosclerosis: an epidemiologic study. PMID- 6522075 TI - Effects of acetate and bicarbonate dialysis on pulmonary ventilation, tissue oxygen supply and intradialysis hemodynamics. PMID- 6522076 TI - Effect of prostaglandin blockade on Na transport by the different segments of human nephron. PMID- 6522077 TI - Endoscopic follow-up of patients with oesophageal varices operated upon with the use of an EEA stapler. PMID- 6522078 TI - Use of continuous insulin infusion therapy to achieve improved metabolic control. PMID- 6522079 TI - Lecithin: cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) activity in long-term hemodialyzed subjects. PMID- 6522080 TI - Effect of bombesin on serum gastrin concentration in patients with chronic pancreatitis. PMID- 6522081 TI - Effects of anabolic steroids, salmon calcitonin and 25OH-D3 on rat bones. PMID- 6522082 TI - Red cell filtration and aging of the samples. PMID- 6522083 TI - Effects of temperature on red cell filtration. PMID- 6522084 TI - A case of left cor triatriatum associated with an interatrial defect with partial anomalous venous return. PMID- 6522085 TI - Idiopathic cryoglobulinemia, membrano-proliferative glomerulonephritis, hypogammaglobulinemia and raised nucleoprotein turnover. PMID- 6522086 TI - Authoritarian paternal attitude inter-generational transmission. PMID- 6522087 TI - Sjogren's syndrome associated with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. PMID- 6522088 TI - The importance of urodynamic examinations in relation to the indication for surgical treatment of neurogenic bladder dysfunction. AB - From 1976 to 1982 more than 5200 urodynamic examinations were performed in our centre. More than 2000 spinal cord injured patients were examined urodynamically one or more times. Modern urodynamics enable an adequate individual surgical treatment in most cases. So it is possible to bring the bladder outlet in an appropriate relationship to detrusors efficiency. Micturition of nearly physiological pressure-flow relation will be achieved without too much of incontinence. Surgical intervention can be done much earlier and carefully directed. All patients with surgical interventions were controlled urodynamically 6 months later. Our results and a check-up system with important parameters will be reported. PMID- 6522089 TI - Development and evaluation of a universal contoured cushion. AB - A new wheelchair seat cushion has been developed which reduces the ischaemia producing forces and redistributes them to the more tolerant areas of the posterior thighs and lateral gluteal muscles. The cushion is fabricated of foam materials and designed to stabilise the pelvis and promote proper spinal-pelvic alignment. Pressure measurements were recorded at the skin cushion interface for 66 subjects while seated on the cushion in their own wheelchair. The cushion was considered effective if maximum interface pressures recorded were: coccyx: less than 20 mmHg, ischii: less than 65 mmHg, trochanters: less than 70 mmHg, and posterior thighs: less than 80 mmHg. The cushion was considered ineffective if the interface pressure at any one location exceeded these criteria. The cushion was found effective for 52 of the subjects. The cushion was more effective (90 per cent versus 58 per cent) for subjects without certain skeletal deformities (pelvic obliquity, bony resections). Eighty-three per cent of the respondents who were followed on the cushion reported that they preferred the cushion to their previous cushions with improved posture, balance and comfort being the most commonly cited reasons. This study has shown the cushion to be a preferred alternative to other commercially available wheelchair cushions for those who are paraplegic. PMID- 6522090 TI - Treatment of femoral shaft fractures in the spinal cord injury patient using the Wagner leg lengthening device. AB - External skeletal fixation for the treatment of femoral shaft fractures in the spinal cord injury patient is simple to apply, provides good fracture immobilization, affords easy access to the limb for skin care, and permits significant patient mobility and early return to pre-fracture functional status. This paper presents the rationale for the use of, and the technique of application of, the Wagner leg lengthening device for the external skeletal fixation of femoral shaft fractures in the SCI patient. PMID- 6522091 TI - Follow-up of paraplegic patients after comprehensive rehabilitation. AB - One hundred patients from a total of 239 paraplegic patients were surveyed after at least 6 months in community life in order to assess the value of the rehabilitation programme. The patients' average age was 24 years, and the highest neurological level being T1. All patients had received intensive care, the average time being 4.7 months. The results were similar to those described in the literature, but the lower socio-economic levels and the absence of comprehensive initial care in general hospitals soon after trauma were negative factors. It is concluded that (1) Brazil requires medical and paramedical staff with specific training for the acute phase in more Rehabilitation Centres; (2) that paraplegics are greatly benefited by a rehabilitation programme; (3) the Brazilian Social Security should sponsor the rehabilitation programme. PMID- 6522092 TI - Atropine toxicity in acute cervical spinal injury. AB - A patient with a C.3/C.4 fracture dislocation resulting in an incomplete tetraplegia was treated with Cimetidine 400 mg bd to prevent gastrointestinal bleeding and 0.6 mg of atropine 6 hourly. He developed symptoms of atropine poisoning in the form of hallucinations, confusion and dilated pupils when the total dosage of atropine was 2.8 mg. This is far below the toxic levels normally considered necessary to produce atropine poisoning. The patient recovered. In view of the fact that this combination of drugs may be used in spinal units to prevent gastrointestinal bleeding and bradycardia, this experience is reported. PMID- 6522093 TI - A tilting bed for the urodynamic assessment of spinal cord injured patients. PMID- 6522094 TI - Towards molecular vaccines against parasites. AB - A strategy is outlined for the identification of 'host protective antigens' of parasites using batteries of polyspecific sera from clinically and parasitologically defined individuals of the host population. Together with monospecific antibodies and gene cloning techniques, the approach aims to identify, characterize and produce defined antigens that, through active immunization, are necessary or sufficient for expression of host protective immunity on subsequent contact with the parasite population. The availability of a relevant mouse model system greatly increases the rate at which progress is made in the testing of vaccinating efficacy. Advantages and limitations of molecular, defined-antigen vaccines are discussed as are integral components of the strategy such as probes for the analysis and quantitation of parasite population heterogeneity and antigenic variability, identification of principal mechanisms of 'immune evasion' utilized by invasive and resident parasites, reliable diagnostic procedures, and predictable antigen delivery systems and adjuvants. Emphasis is placed on the value of combining epidemiological and clinical studies with immunochemical and molecular cloning approaches in achieving the molecular vaccine objective. PMID- 6522095 TI - Immunological consequences of intestinal helminth infections. Humoral responses to ovalbumin. AB - Humoral responses to ovalbumin (OA) administered i.p. with Al(OH)3 were depressed in C57BL mice immunized 5-13 days after infection with N. dubius, but not N. brasiliensis or T. muris. These two parasites induced elevated IgM responses, possibly as a result of systemic contact with parasite larvae or debris since i.v. administered N. dubius also increased IgM titres to OA. Depression of anti OA IgG titres by N. dubius was also observed in infected BALB/c and CBA mice given OA-Al(OH)3 (i.p.), but not in C57BL mice given OA-Al(OH)3 (s.c.), OA-FCA (i.p. or s.c.), or OA-B, pertussis (i.p.). These findings suggest that local effects of N. dubius within the peritoneum reduce the adjuvanticity of Al(OH)3, resulting in depressed responses to OA-Al(OH)3. PMID- 6522096 TI - The role of natural agglutinins and trypanolytic activity in host specificity of Trypanosoma musculi. AB - Trypanolytic activity and agglutinins for T. musculi were demonstrated in sera from refractory hosts. The agglutinins in human and bovine serum were specific antibodies. The trypanolytic activity was a result of the ability of the trypanosomes to activate complement in these normal sera. The results suggested that Trypanosoma musculi activates human complement by the alternative pathway. The activity was inhibited by EDTA but not EGTA, and trypanosome lysis occurred in the absence of C2. In addition, conversion of C3 occurred in the presence of EGTA. The trypanolytic activity of bovine serum was similarly inhibited by EDTA but not EGTA. Trypanosome lysis failed to occur in C6 deficient rabbit serum, showing that the late components of complement are required for parasite lysis. Trypanosome lysis by human or bovine serum was inhibited by the addition of mouse serum but not rat serum. These observations suggest that the presence of trypanolytic activity and antibodies to this trypanosome in sera of normal mammals may be responsible for the restricted host range of the trypanosome, and that the absence of these antibodies and the ability of this parasite to evade the trypanolytic activity enables T. musculi to establish infections in the mouse. PMID- 6522097 TI - Protective immune response to Plasmodium chabaudi, developed by mice after drug controlled infection or vaccination with parasite extracts: analysis of stage specific antigens from the asexual blood cycle. AB - The protective immune response to asexual blood infection by Plasmodium chabaudi was studied in mice immunized either by drug controlled infection or by vaccination with preparations of merozoites or free parasites at different stages of development. Animals immunized by the first method developed a sterile immunity. The passive transfer of their serum protected naive recipients from the lethal development of the infection, but affected only moderately the initial course of the parasitaemia. Animals immunized with either ring, schizont or merozoite preparations exhibited a limited but significant resistance to infection: when challenged with 10(6) parasites of the homologous strain they exhibited a reduced parasitaemia as compared to control mice, and in addition, 50% of them recovered from the infection. Immunochemical analysis of parasite antigens showed that a family of high molecular weight proteins synthesized essentially at the schizont stage and conserved in the merozoites are important immunogens. Quantitative rather than qualitative differences were observed in the pattern of parasite proteins immunoprecipitated by serum of animals exhibiting sterile immunity or moderate protective immunity. A schizont specific polypeptide of mol. wt 82 Kd which is found in the surface of the merozoite is preferentially immunoprecipited by serum from animals exhibiting sterile immunity. PMID- 6522098 TI - Immunity to Brugia pahangi in athymic nude and normal mice: eosinophilia, antibody and hypersensitivity responses. AB - Congenitally athymic nude (nu/nu) mice, immunologically reconstituted by thymus grafting before inoculation with infective larvae, and mice heterozygous for the nu gene (nu/+), mounted potent protective humoral and cellular immune responses to Brugia pahangi. Although responses were not identical, both groups of mice produced IgM, IgG and IgE antibodies specific for adult worm antigen (S-Ag) present in a crude aqueous extract, made immediate and delayed hypersensitivity footpad swelling responses when challenged with S-Ag and eliminated their infection in the early larval stages. Heterozygotes also exhibited a marked eosinophilia which peaked coincident with larval killing. In contrast, thymus grafting of patent nudes had no effect upon microfilaraemias or adult worm burdens and did not completely protect against a challenge larval inoculum although antibodies specific for S-Ag were produced. With the occasional exceptions of moderate immediate footpad swelling and very low titres of IgM specific for S-Ag, no specific immune responses to B. pahangi were found in ungrafted nude mice which allowed full development of adult worms and supported patent infections. PMID- 6522099 TI - [Multiple forms of malate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.37) in Crithidia asclepii and C. oncopelti (Mastigophora, Trypanosomatidae)]. AB - Isozyme analysis of mMDH in Crithidia asclepii and C. oncopelti by means of electrophoresis and densimetry method suggests the diploidness and genetic exchange in these organisms. Synthesis of mMDH in C. asclepii is checked by duplicated polymorphic loci MDH-1 and MDH-2, each with two alleles. In C. oncopelti two "daughter" loci are functioning too, polymorphic MDH-1 with 3 alleles and monomorphic MDG-2. Resemblance and differences in the isozyme spectra of mMDH can be used for taxonomic purposes. PMID- 6522100 TI - [Fecundity of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes in relation to their infection with the malaria agent Plasmodium gallinaceum]. AB - Studies of the effect of P. gallinaceum on Ae. aegypti in different periods of the agent's sporogony and during different gonotrophic cycles of the vector have shown the absence of strong inhibition of mosquitoes' fecundity. PMID- 6522101 TI - Aids to the laboratory diagnosis of AIDS. PMID- 6522102 TI - Coronary atherosclerosis among Hong Kong Chinese--a histological and morphometric study using electronic digitizer. AB - In order to document the prevalence of atherosclerosis of the major coronary arteries among Hong Kong Chinese, a study on material from autopsies done during the year 1981 in Queen Mary Hospital was carried out. The narrowest part of the proximal coronary arteries was studied by light microscopy and morphometrically by electronic digitizer. We found an onset of atherosclerosis in young adult males and a linear progression with age. Females had a delayed onset with a sharp rise after menopause. We were surprised to find an incidence of atherosclerosis among Hong Kong Chinese comparable with that in western populations, as distinct from Chinese in Mainland China. However, mortality due to ischemic heart disease remained relatively low. Racial factors may contribute to this partial dissociation between coronary atherosclerosis and ischemic heart disease. PMID- 6522103 TI - Stereological analysis of non-Hodgkins lymphomas. AB - A detailed stereological analysis was carried out on 30 lymph nodes at 2 ultrastructural levels. They were classified as follows: 10 were reactive lymph nodes, 10 were of low-grade non-Hodgkins lymphomas and 10 were of high-grade non Hodgkins lymphomas. The mean and median values and interquartile ranges of nuclear profile diameter, nuclear volume, volume of cytoplasm, cell volume and absolute number of ribosomes were recorded for each case. The model proved very efficient in establishing several significant differences between the highgrade and lowgrade lymphomas and between the highgrade lymphomas and reactive lymph nodes but did not discriminate between lowgrade lymphomas and reactive nodes, nor did it distinguish neoplastic cells from reactive cells in the neoplastic group. The significance of these findings is discussed. PMID- 6522104 TI - Development and characterization of type 2 pneumocyte-related cell lines from normal adult mouse lung. AB - Cell lines which exhibit epithelial morphology with surface microvilli and inclusion bodies characteristic of type 2 pneumocytes have been derived from normal adult mouse lung by a simple procedure involving enzymatic dispersal and mechanical elimination of other cell types. One of these cell lines designated NAL 1A, examined in detail, shows features consistent with its being related to type 2 pneumocytes of mouse lung. These features include desmosomes, dense lamellar bodies as well as phospholipid profiles related to immature surface active material, the inhibition of cell growth rate by dexamethasone, and the close similarity of the cytoskeletal protein patterns of this cell line to those of a metastatic type 2 pneumocyte-related cell line of mouse lung. The cell line from normal lung demonstrated near diploid chromosome number at low passage number with some evidence of karyotype instability at high passage number. PMID- 6522105 TI - Successive waves of apoptosis in the rat prostate after repeated withdrawal of testosterone stimulation. AB - In rats with castration-induced ventral prostatic atrophy, testosterone treatment resulted in reconstitution of the normal weight and histological structure of the gland within 10 d. Subsequent withdrawal of the hormone was followed by rapid involution, which was effected by a combination of extensive loss of epithelial cells by apoptosis and decrease in the size of the cells that remained. The wave of apoptotic deletion was similar to that accompanying the initial involution after castration, and in both cases the rate of apoptosis fell to very low levels by 20 d. Two further consecutive episodes of involution produced by sequential administration and withdrawal of testosterone were also accompanied by similar waves of apoptosis. The results provide quantitative evidence supporting suggestions that apoptosis may be of major kinetic significance in the involution of endocrine-dependent glandular tissues. The majority of the epithelial cells remaining after the completion of involution were able to survive continuing androgen deprivation, but with renewed testosterone stimulation they repeatedly generated populations that once again responded to withdrawal with massive cellular death. The factors determining the selective susceptibility of individual cells in these populations clearly merit investigation. PMID- 6522106 TI - Vasoactive agents and production of thrombosis during intravascular coagulation 1 -comparative effects of norepinephrine in thrombin and adenosine diphosphate (ADP) treated rabbits. AB - Pathogenesis of the microthrombi produced during intravascular coagulation was investigated in rabbits given intravenous infusions of thrombin or adenosine diphosphate (ADP). Thrombin, at a dosage producing a fibrinogen consumption of 70% within 4 h (1 unit/kg/min), failed to produce extrapulmonary microthrombi unless fibrinolysis inhibition (epsilon-aminocaproic acid-EACA) or alpha adrenergic stimulation (norepinephrine) were provided simultaneously. The mechanism whereby norepinephrine initiated glomerular capillary thrombosis was not related to interference with fibrinolysis nor to potentiation of platelet aggregation and blood coagulation, as indicated by similar consumption of plasminogen and platelets in animals given thrombin alone or combined with norepinephrine, and by the lack of correlation between fibrinogen consumption and the incidence and severity of glomerular thrombosis produced with various dosages (1 to 3 mu/kg/min) of norepinephrine. With norepinephrine, microthrombi were also observed in the adrenals, the spleen and the gastric mucosa. Aspirin prevented the phenomena in the latter two organs, but was inactive or aggravating on thrombogenesis elsewhere. ADP associated with thrombin failed to trigger formation of microthrombi but initiated platelet-rich thrombi in the pulmonary vasculature when associated with norepinephrine. We conclude that unlike thrombin, ADP cannot be held responsible for the microthrombi elicited during experimental intravascular coagulation. Furthermore, the ability of norepinephrine to elicit glomerular thrombosis in thrombin injected rabbits may provide an explanation for requirement of alpha-adrenergic stimulation in the endotoxin-induced generalized Shwartzman reaction. PMID- 6522107 TI - Basic ferritin content of red cells of patients with anemia and polycythemia vera. AB - Basic ferritin content of red cells has been evaluated with a simplified assay in subjects with various erythroid disorders. In 39 patients with iron deficiency anemia, red cell ferritin was significantly reduced compared with that of normal individuals. Thirty percent of these patients had low normal red cell ferritin content and the MCV for this group was significantly higher than that of patients with reduced red cell ferritin. The mean red cell ferritin of 30 subjects with the anemia of chronic disease was significantly reduced and patients in this group with normal red cell ferritin had higher plasma ferritin levels. In 14 patients with polycythemia vera, the mean red cell ferritin was significantly reduced and showed a positive correlation with the hemoglobin level and percent transferrin saturation. The red cell ferritin content of 9 individuals with acquired immune hemolytic anemia and 10 with acquired sideroblastic anemia was significantly elevated and, in subjects with immune hemolysis, showed a positive correlation with the reticulocyte count. These findings suggest a lack of discriminatory function for red cell ferritin in iron deficiency anemia and anemia of chronic disease. Evaluation of this parameter in the individual patient should take into account the presence of reticulocytosis. PMID- 6522108 TI - Congenital anti-thrombin III deficiency with mesenteric venous thrombosis- functional and immunological estimations. AB - Familial antithrombin III (AT III) deficiency, with mesenteric venous thrombosis, is reported in an Australian family. Antithrombin III was assayed chromogenically, fluorometrically, and immunologically. The deficiency was further analysed using crossed-immunoelectrophoresis. It is suggested that when AT III deficiency is suspected, both a functional and an immunological assay should be performed. PMID- 6522109 TI - Acute hematogenous staphylococcal osteomyelitis: evaluation of cloxacillin therapy in an animal model. AB - A reproducible avian model of acute hematogenous staphylococcal osteomyelitis was used to investigate various aspects of antibiotic therapy using a single antibiotic, cloxacillin. The effects of both delaying antibiotic administration and increasing the frequency of antibiotic administration on the outcome of the disease were evaluated. Following bacterial inoculation, a delay in commencing therapy for 4 d in comparison to 1 d significantly reduced the likelihood of a favourable outcome. An increase in the frequency of antibiotic administration from once to 4 times daily resulted in significant improvement in the recovery rate of chickens. Whilst repeated antibiotic administration controlled the systemic effects of the disease and improved the clinical status of chickens, the local bone lesion was not always sterilized. The role of antibiotic therapy in acute hematogenous osteomyelitis is discussed in relation to these findings. PMID- 6522110 TI - Gamna body of the heart. AB - A patient with cerebral strokes had a cardiac tumour excised. Histologically, it was an infarcted myxoma with features of a Gamna body. Findings are compared with other cardiac Gamna bodies reported in the literature. Most probably represent unusual degenerative changes in a myxoma. PMID- 6522111 TI - An unusual case of Sturge-Weber syndrome. AB - This report describes a case of cranio-facial angiomatosis with rapid growth of the angiomas leading indirectly to death at 3 mth of age. Extensive involvement of the cranial nerves, pituitary stalk, brain-stem meninges and liver and the presence of a Dandy-Walker malformation cyst have not been previously described in this condition. PMID- 6522113 TI - Splenic pregnancy. PMID- 6522112 TI - Rubella antibodies. Interpretation of laboratory findings. PMID- 6522114 TI - [Interrelations between the hypothalamo-hypophyseo-adrenal and sympathetico adrenal systems in the early period of formation of the posttraumatic reaction]. PMID- 6522115 TI - [Structural and functional organization of the vascular wall in disorders of neuromuscular interactions]. PMID- 6522116 TI - [Effect of neonatal chemical sympathectomy on the development of hypertension and vascular reactivity in spontaneously hypertensive rats]. PMID- 6522117 TI - [Reversibility of the structural and functional changes in experimental acute ischemia in limb tissues]. PMID- 6522118 TI - [Prognostic value of glycolysis indicators in critical states of various etiologies]. PMID- 6522119 TI - [Hemorheological disorders in the pathogenesis of post-resuscitation circulatory failure]. PMID- 6522120 TI - [Relation between cerebrovascular circulation and brain metabolism in the acute period of experimental cerebral hemorrhage]. PMID- 6522121 TI - [Lysosomal enzyme activity in the liver and kidneys of rats with severe mechanical trauma]. PMID- 6522122 TI - [Energy metabolism in the rat liver after mechanical asphyxia]. PMID- 6522123 TI - [Changes in external respiration and gas exchange in cats during hyperthermia]. PMID- 6522124 TI - [Morphofunctional changes in the lesser circulation after pneumonectomy]. PMID- 6522125 TI - [Effect of hyperbaric oxygenation on oxygen tension, cerebral blood flow and respiratory enzyme activity in the cerebral hemispheres and brain stem during ischemia]. PMID- 6522126 TI - [Erythron reaction in relation to the intensity of a constant magnetic field and duration of exposure]. PMID- 6522127 TI - [Use of autocorrelation, cross-correlation and spectrum analysis methods in studying the electrical activity of the components of the gastroduodenal complex]. PMID- 6522128 TI - [A model demonstrating the mechanism of impairment of inspiration and expiration (dyspnea)]. PMID- 6522129 TI - Effect of cyclophosphamide on oocyte and follicle number in Sprague-Dawley rats, C57BL/6N and DBA/2N mice. AB - Oocyte and follicle destruction produced by cyclophosphamide was investigated in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats, and inbred C57BL/6N (B6) and DBA/2N (D2) mice. Primordial oocytes were the most sensitive to destruction after intraperitoneal treatment with cyclophosphamide. A delayed decrease in the number of medium-sized follicles occurred between 1 and 2 weeks after treatment. No reduction in the number of large follicles was observed over the 3-week period of this experiment. Primordial oocyte destruction produced by cyclophosphamide occurred in a time-, dose-, strain-, and species-dependent fashion. The threshold for primordial oocyte/follicle destruction in B6 and D2 mice, and SD rats was less than 10, 40, and greater than 500 mg/kg, respectively. ED50S for primordial oocyte/follicle destruction were 49 and 137 mg/kg in B6 and D2 mice, respectively. The ED50 for oocyte destruction was greater than 500 mg/kg in SD rats. Primordial oocyte destruction occurred rapidly and was completed between 48 and 72 hours after treatment with cyclophosphamide in both murine strains. Oocyte destruction and premature ovarian failure is a significant side effect in women treated with alkylating agents. The rodent ovotoxicity model used in these experiments may be useful in elucidating mechanisms of ovotoxicity and evaluating treatment protocols designed to protect the ovary. PMID- 6522130 TI - Pulmonary vascular response to digoxin in newborn lambs. AB - The effects of digoxin on pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) were evaluated in normoxic (N) and hypoxic (H) newborn lambs with normal and elevated PVR, respectively. Lambs were anesthetized and instrumented to enable continuous measurement of mean pulmonary arterial pressure (PPA), mean left atrial pressure (PLA), mean pulmonary blood flow (Qp), and mean aortic pressure (PAO). Digoxin (10-20 micrograms/kg) was injected via central venous catheters in 11 N lambs and 4 H lambs. Under N conditions, baseline PVR was equal to 0.12 mm Hg/ml/min/kg, PPA was 33 mm Hg, PLA was 6 mm Hg, Qp was 235 ml/min/kg, and PAO was 69 mm Hg. Following digoxin, mean PVR increased by 24% (P less than 0.001) and PPA increased by 23% (P less than 0.001) for an average duration of 199 sec while QP increased by 5% (P less than 0.02) and PLA was constant suggesting a direct vasoconstrictive effect. Under H conditions, baseline PVR was equal to 0.26 mm Hg/ml/min/kg, PPA was 58 mm Hg, PLA was 4 mm Hg, Qp was 208 ml/min/kg, and PAo was 65 mm Hg. Following digoxin, mean PVR, Qp, PLA, and PAo did not change appreciably although PPA had a uniform increase of 5% (P less than 0.001). The blunted response may suggest that either the pulmonary vascular bed was maximally constricted or that digoxin and hypoxia share a common mechanism. In conclusion, digoxin has a direct pulmonary vasoconstrictor action in newborn lambs. Because of its short duration, this action probably should not alter the clinical use of this drug in newborn humans. PMID- 6522131 TI - Pharmacokinetics and metabolism of trimethoprim in neonatal and young pigs. AB - The pharmacokinetics and metabolism of trimethoprim (TMP) was studied in newborn, 1 and 8-week-old piglets after intravenous administration of 5 mg/kg. Kinetic parameters were calculated using a two-compartment open model. Steady-state volume of distribution increased from 0.78 L/kg at birth to 1.32 L/kg at 1 week, and 1.83 L/kg at 8 weeks due to changes in plasma protein binding and tissue accumulation. Elimination half-life decreased from 485 minutes at birth to 224 minutes at 1 week, and 120 minutes at 8 weeks leading to a rise in body clearance from 1.18 to 11.8 ml/min/kg during the same period. Urinary excretion data indicated that the increase in body clearance reflects maturational changes in both metabolic capacity and renal function. Metabolism was the main contributor to the elimination of TMP at all ages, although the major metabolic pathway, O demethylation and subsequent conjugation, was only slightly developed at birth. The capacity to form conjugates with either glucuronic acid or sulphate appeared to be at least as high as the capacity for O-demethylation since more than 90% of the metabolites were excreted as conjugates in all groups. PMID- 6522132 TI - Effects of antihypertensive drugs on cognitive function in adolescents. AB - The effects of clonidine and hydrochlorothiazide on cognitive function were studied in hypertensive adolescents requiring pharmacologic therapy for blood pressure control. Twenty-four adolescents with persistent blood pressure elevation (greater than 95th%) on placebo were randomized double blind to clonidine or hydrochlorothiazide treatment. A battery of cognitive tests were performed during the placebo phase and after 16 weeks of active therapy. Antihypertensive therapy resulted in significant blood pressure reduction (p less than .01). A slight interactive effect was observed in arithmetic performance (p less than .05). All other parameters of cognitive function were not affected by either treatment. PMID- 6522133 TI - Concentrations of imipramine and its metabolites during enuresis therapy. AB - Plasma concentrations of imipramine and three of its metabolites were determined in children 6 to 15 years of age who received imipramine for treatment of nocturnal enuresis. In 14 patients with reliable data the reduction in wet nights after beginning drug therapy had no apparent relationship to either imipramine concentration alone or imipramine combined with its metabolites. This finding may be related to the relatively low drug concentrations in this group of patients, a high placebo response rate, or noncompliance with the prescribed dosage regimen. Determining plasma imipramine concentrations during treatment for enuresis has questionable value as an aid to improve clinical response. This practice may occasionally be justified when avoidance of toxicity is a major concern. PMID- 6522134 TI - Pediatric dosing of acetaminophen. PMID- 6522135 TI - Indices of fatness and serum cholesterol at age eight years in relation to feeding and growth during early infancy. AB - During the early months of life, gains in length and weight are more rapid by formula-fed than by breast-fed infants and we and others have speculated that the greater gains of the formula-fed infants are the result of greater food intake. If overfeeding during early infancy resulted in establishment of habits of overeating, or if, for any other reason, diet-induced fatness in infancy persisted into childhood, we might be able to demonstrate differences in fatness in childhood related to mode of feeding (breast or bottle) during infancy. We therefore examined at age 8 years 469 children born in 1966-1971 who had been studied intensely in our unit from 8 to 112 days of age. At age 8 years there were no differences in indices of fatness related to mode of feeding during infancy. Serum concentrations of cholesterol at age 8 years were also of interest because of reports from animal studies that differences in feeding during early life may be responsible for subsequent differences in cholesterol homeostasis. Cholesterol concentrations at age 8 years did not demonstrate significant differences related to mode of feeding during infancy. It is possible, however, that age 8 years is too early for an effect to be demonstrated. PMID- 6522136 TI - Cholesterol ester and triglyceride metabolism in intact fibroblasts from patients with Wolman's disease and cholesterol ester storage disease. AB - Cholesterol ester and triglyceride metabolism was examined in intact fibroblast monolayers from normal individuals and patients with Wolman's disease and cholesterol ester storage disease. Cholesterol esters were introduced into cells by incubation in medium containing [3H]cholesteryl linoleate (CL) bound to human low density lipoprotein. Triglycerides were introduced by incubation with glycerol tri[1-14C]oleate (triolein) bound to human very low-density lipoprotein. Both types of mutant cell lines accumulated the unhydrolyzed substrates to a greater extent than did normal cells with the greatest accumulation observed in Wolman's disease cells. Wolman's disease cells hydrolyzed CL at 10-22% and triolein at 11-19% the rate of normal cells; cholesterol ester storage disease cells hydrolyzed these substrates at 28-49 and 30-47% the normal rate, respectively. In contrast, assays of acid lipase activity in cell lysates revealed less than 1% of control activity in both disorders. The data suggest that the mutant acid lipase present in Wolman's disease and cholesterol ester storage disease is more active in the intact cell than assays of cell lysates would indicate. In addition, the differences observed between the two disorders provide a biochemical explanation for the different phenotypes associated with the two disorders. PMID- 6522137 TI - Food proteins and gut mucosal barrier. II. Differential interaction of cow's milk proteins with the mucous coat and the surface membrane of adult and immature rat jejunum. AB - Two in vitro intestinal models were used to investigate postnatal maturational changes of the gut barrier functions. Microvillus membrane (MVM) preparations were studied for surface binding, and everted gut sacs were studied for mucous coat binding, breakdown and uptake of radioiodinated bovine serum albumin (BSA), and beta-lactoglobulin (beta-LG). Surface binding of these proteins to MVM was weak and nonspecific. There was more binding of both proteins to immature MVM (BSA: newborns, 2.74 +/- 0.52%, adults, 1.08 +/- 0.17%, p less than 0.001; beta LG: newborns, 6.30 +/- 0.54%; adults, 2.05 +/- 0.07, p less than 0.001). In contrast to MVM binding characteristics, mucous coat binding of the cow's milk proteins to immature gut sacs was significantly less (BSA: preweanlings, 0.94 +/- 0.30 micrograms 125-I-protein Eq/mg mucosal protein; adults, 3.06 +/- 0.74, p less than 0.001; beta-LG: preweanlings, 5.61 +/- 1.48; adults, 9.83 +/- 1.33, p less than 0.001). Protein binding and uptake were correlated in the immature animals (r = 0.76, p less than 0.001 for BSA and r = 0.85, p less than 0.001 for beta-LG). More beta-LG was bound and taken up than BSA in the preweanlings (p less than 0.001). Trichloroacetic acid precipitation studies showed that, even in the immature rats, beta-LG was much more readily broken down by mucosa-associated enzymes than BSA. Immature animals showed less protein breakdown than adult controls. Decreased protein breakdown and mucous coat binding as well as increased MVM binding may account for the increased uptake of intact food antigens in the newborn.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6522139 TI - The effect of calcium antagonists on hypoxic pulmonary hypertension in the piglet. AB - Cardiovascular responses to the calcium antagonists verapamil and nifedipine were evaluated in a piglet model of hypoxic pulmonary hypertension. All animals were mechanically ventilated and paralyzed. Cardiac output (CO), pulmonary artery (Ppa) and aortic blood pressure (AoP), pulmonary wedge pressure, right atrial pressure (Pra), and arterial blood gases were measured prior to and after pulmonary hypertension was induced by hypoxia and after administration of calcium blocking agents. Results were compared to a control group of piglets subjected to a similar period of hypoxia. Verapamil infusion (0.15 mg/kg) resulted in a rapid decrease in Ppa, AoP and pulmonary vascular resistance (p less than 0.05) which returned to baseline values by 15 min. Nifedipine (100 micrograms/kg) resulted in a decrease in Ppa at 1 min (p less than 0.05) which remained significantly lower than controls throughout the study period. AoP declined precipitously during the same time period (p less than 0.01). No significant change in Ppa was noted when nifedipine was administered at a dose of 10 micrograms/kg. For the most part, these drugs have a transient vasodilatory action on pulmonary as well as systemic circulation in this animal model; however, they might in higher doses be associated with significant systemic hypotension. For this reason, the use of these drugs in the treatment of hypoxic pulmonary hypertension in the neonate should be approached with caution. PMID- 6522138 TI - Lipases and lipids in human milk: effect of freeze-thawing and storage. AB - Frozen storage is often used by milk banks to preserve expressed human milk for later use. Optimal storage and handling conditions which ensure minimum alteration of lipid composition have not been well defined. Therefore we investigated the effect of rapid freeze-thawing and storage conditions (-20 and 70 degrees C) on the free fatty acid (FFA) levels and on the activities of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and bile salt-stimulated lipase (BSSL) in human milk. Since during mechanical expression leakage of serum components into milk may occur, we also investigated the effect of the presence of serum on human milk LPL during storage. Lipase activity levels were unaffected by rapid freeze-thawing (x3) followed by storage for 1 month at -20 or -70 degrees C. LPL activity (nmol FFA released/ml milk/min) was 414 +/- 128, 451 +/- 37, and 351 +/- 20 and BSSL activity (mumol FFA/ml milk/min) was 5.7 +/- 0.7, 5.5 +/- 0.8, and 5.7 +/- 0.2 in fresh, freeze-thawed, and stored milk, respectively. FFA levels (% of total lipid) were 3.01 +/- 1.05 and 10.3 +/- 1.6 in fresh-frozen milk stored at -70 and -20 degrees C for 5 months, and 3.78 +/- 1.08 and 13.60 +/- 1.25 in specimens of freeze-thawed (x3) before storage at -70 or -20 degrees C. Addition of serum had no effect on milk LPL at either temperature. We conclude that LPL and BSSL remain fully active during frozen storage of human milk and that milk fat is hydrolyzed at -20 degrees C but not at -70 degrees C. We suggest that banked human milk be stored routinely at -70 degrees C. PMID- 6522140 TI - Chronic partial ureteral obstruction in the neonatal guinea pig. I. Influence of uninephrectomy on growth and hemodynamics. AB - Although obstructive nephropathy is a frequent cause of renal insufficiency in infancy, factors influencing adaptation to chronic partial ureteral obstruction (CPUO) are poorly understood. Guinea pigs were subjected to unilateral CPUO within the first 2 days of life (Group I) and microsphere studies were performed at 23 +/- 3 days of age. To also investigate the role of functional renal mass on growth and hemodynamics, contralateral nephrectomy was performed in Group II at the time of ureteral constriction. Compared to sham-operated controls (ureteral diameter = 1 mm) CPUO caused impaired somatic growth in both groups. Resulting hydroureteronephrosis was variable and most severe (ureteral diameter greater than 3 mm) in azotemic animals of Group II, which demonstrated reduced compensatory renal hypertrophy and poorest somatic growth. Mean arterial blood pressure was not affected by CPUO or uninephrectomy. Renal blood flow (RBF) was higher in Group II than Group I, and did not fall significantly with severity of CPUO in Group II, in which number of perfused glomeruli was similar to controls. In contrast, renal vascular resistance (RVR) increased by 172% in animals of Group I with severe CPUO, and was associated with 34% fewer perfused glomeruli than in the hypertrophied contralateral kidney. With increasing severity of CPUO, RBF tended to be distributed to outer cortical regions in the obstructed kidney of Group I, while the shift in RBF distribution was from outer to inner cortex in the remaining kidney of Group II. Filtration fraction fell as a result of CPUO in both groups, such that reduction in the glomerular filtration rate was due in large part to factors other than RBF.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6522141 TI - Chronic partial ureteral obstruction in the neonatal guinea pig. II. Pressure gradients affecting glomerular filtration rate. AB - Neonatal guinea pigs with chronic partial ureteral obstruction (CPUO) and contralateral nephrectomy develop hydroureteronephrosis and reduced glomerular filtration rate (GFR) without significant reduction of renal blood flow. To investigate the role of pressure gradients in determination of GFR, micropuncture studies were performed in animals 23 +/- 3 days of age subjected to left ureteral constriction and right nephrectomy within the first 2 days of life and compared to uninephrectomized controls. Resulting ureteral dilatation was variable, with kidney weight and ureteral diameter being proportional to the rise in ureteral pressure (PU). In individual animals with severe CPUO (ureteral diameter greater than or equal to 3 mm), distal tubular transit time was either normal (31-90 s) or prolonged (greater than 120 s). Superficial single nephron GFR (SNGFR) was inversely correlated with PU. Glomerular capillary pressure and afferent arteriolar colloid oncotic pressure were not affected by CPUO while peritubular capillary, proximal and distal intratubular hydrostatic pressure increased as a function of PU. As a result, afferent effective filtration pressure (EFPA) was reduced in severe (10.0 +/- 1.1 mm Hg) compared to mild CPUO (13.4 +/- 0.5 mm Hg), but was not different from controls (11.3 +/- 0.9 mm Hg). For both control and CPUO groups, superficial SNGFR increased by 0.5 nl/min for each mm Hg increase in EFPA but for a given EFPA, SNGFR was 6 nl/min lower in guinea pigs with CPUO. These results indicate that higher EFPA in animals with mild compared to severe CPUO contributes to maintenance of higher SNGFR.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6522142 TI - Carbonic acid dissociation constant (pK1) in critically ill newborns. AB - In the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation, the apparent first dissociation constant for carbonic acid in plasma, pK1, is 6.10 +/- 0.01 (+/- SD) in healthy adults. In contrast, values for pK1 in sick adults and in sick infants and children have been reported to vary widely. Because of the far reaching implications of these findings, we repeated the measurements in 19 newborns in a neonatal intensive care unit. Two measurements were made in each infant, one while the infant was acutely ill and another after recovery. We found that neither the mean value nor the range of pK1 values was affected by the infants' clinical status. The values during the acute phase of the hospitalization (range, 6.01-6.12; mean +/- SD, 6.08 +/- 0.03) did not differ from those after recovery (6.02-6.17; 6.08 +/- 0.04). A second study was performed in order to see if the wide range of pK1 values seen in other studies might be the result of an unstable state accompanying acute changes in acid-base status similar to those that might be encountered in clinical situations. However, data in seven lambs showed no significant difference when pK1 before an acute alteration in acid-base status (6.10 +/- 0.04) was compared with that 10 min after (6.09 +/- 0.03). In newborn intensive care units, nomograms are used to calculate total CO2 from pH and PCO2 assuming a pK1 = 6.10. Our data support this practice. PMID- 6522143 TI - Apparent absence of cystic fibrosis sweat factor on ion-selective and transport properties of the perfused human sweat duct. AB - Several previous studies have reported that a substance in exocrine products from cystic fibrosis (CF) patients is inhibitory to the transport of NaCl in several biological preparations. We have recently developed techniques for studying a target CF tissue, the eccrine sweat duct, and determined that salt absorption in the CF sweat duct appears to be decreased due to an impermeability to Cl. To determine whether this property might be induced, we have examined the sweat from patients with CF for potential influences on the ion-reabsorptive and ion selective properties of sweat ducts from normal subjects. Isolated segments of sweat ducts from healthy volunteers were microperfused in vitro with concentration-adjusted sweat collected after thermal stimulation from CF patients and from normal subjects. The eccrine sweat duct may be best considered as a tight epithelium through which the mucosal uptake of NaCl proceeds via separate Na+ and Cl- pathways. As such, inhibitory actions of CF fluids should be exerted via an inhibition on one, or both, pathways, and should be expected to inhibit the electrolyte transport activity and alter the ion-selective properties of normal ductal tissue. We were unable to detect any effect of CF sweat on either property of the normal duct. PMID- 6522144 TI - Perinatal rat lung retinol (vitamin A) and retinyl palmitate. AB - The potential role for retinol (vitamin A alcohol) in the differentiation of the developing lung prompted this study in the perinatal rat. High performance liquid chromatography was used to separate, detect, and quantitate retinol and retinyl palmitate in lipid extracts of tissue and serum. Fetal and maternal blood showed the presence of retinol, whereas no retinyl palmitate was detected. On the other hand, fetal and postnatal lungs contained retinyl palmitate as well as retinol. Considerable changes in the content of lung retinyl palmitate were found during lung development. Fetal lungs (17-21 days of gestation) contained 2.3 +/- 0.36 micrograms/g wet weight (mean +/- SD) of retinyl palmitate and 0.14 +/- 0.05 micrograms/g of retinol. Lungs of pups (1-10 days old) contained much less retinyl palmitate, 0.63 +/- 0.20 micrograms/g, whereas the amount of retinol was the same as in fetal lungs. The surprisingly high content of retinyl palmitate in fetal lung and its depletion after birth may be functionally related to retinol action in the developing lung. PMID- 6522145 TI - Cerebral blood flow and metabolism following pancuronium bromide in newborn lambs. AB - The purpose of this study was to evaluate cerebral blood flow and metabolism following pancuronium bromide paralysis in healthy newborn lambs. Cerebral blood flow and cerebral metabolic rate for O2 and glucose were measured along with blood pressure and blood gases before and again at 15 and 60 min following pancuronium paralysis in seven newborn lambs. Pancuronium bromide paralysis had no effect on any of these parameters either at 15 or 60 min of paralysis. Total cerebral blood flow, cerebral metabolic rate for O2, and cerebral metabolic rate for glucose were 87 +/- 6 ml/min/100 g, 258 +/- 10 mumol O2/min/100 g, and 53 +/- 10 mmol glucose/min/100 g, respectively. Neither was any change in regional cerebral blood flow noted. In spite of being connected immediately to the ventilator, however, some animals experienced a transient increase (average = 32%) in blood pressure, that was not associated with an increase in end tidal CO2. The data suggest that pancuronium paralysis in healthy awake newborn lambs does not lead to any alteration in cerebral blood flow or metabolism. PMID- 6522146 TI - Splanchnic uptake and release of energy substrates in the fasting baboon infant. AB - Estimates of splanchnic energy substrate exchange in the primate infant have been obtained using a baboon model. The splanchnic bed of the fasting baboon newborn released glucose at an estimated rate of 14.5 +/- 5.0 mumol/min X kg body weight. Splanchnic glucose release in the fasting 5-7 wk old baboon infant proceeded similarly at an estimated rate of 15.5 +/- 4.5 mumol/min X kg body weight. The principal precursors taken up by the splanchnic bed were lactate, glycerol, and alanine. Uptake of alanine correlated in a linear fashion with glucose release. Lactate was the most important precursor in both age groups. Glucose recycling through lactate is an active mechanism in the primate fetus as well as in the young of other species. PMID- 6522147 TI - Effect of heparin on serum and tissue lipases in the developing rat. AB - The frequent inclusion of heparin in fluids used for total parenteral nutrition in infants, prompted an investigation of the ability of heparin to release lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and hepatic lipase (HL) from the endothelial surface into the circulation, and of the effect of heparin on tissue stores of lipase in the postnatal period. In rat pups, plasma postheparin lipolytic activity (PHLA) released by IP administration of heparin (0.5 unit/g body wt) was 15% of adult values at birth and increased rapidly to reach 60% on day 10. Repeated doses of heparin (in adult rats, given 0.1 unit/g IV) at 1 and 4 h after the initial dose did not affect the maximal response to heparin. In all age groups 80% of PHLA was inhibited by 0.5 M NaCl, suggesting a mostly nonhepatic origin for the released enzyme. Heart, lung, and liver lipase activities of rat pups were not significantly different from controls not given heparin. The pattern of change in tissue enzyme content was similar for heart and lung, but different from hepatic lipase. LPL activity in the former increased from 10 and 30% to 60 and 100% of adult values between birth and 10 days while in the latter enzyme activity exceeded adult levels at birth and decreased to 50% of adult values during the latter half of the suckling period (days 10-21). Our results demonstrate that heparin does not cause depletion of tissue lipases in the postnatal period. The parallel increases in LPL content of peripheral tissues and PHLA suggest that in all age groups heparin-induced release of LPL into the circulation is proportional to tissue lipolytic activity. PMID- 6522148 TI - Biochemical studies of a patient with hereditary hepatorenal tyrosinemia: evidence of glutathione deficiency. AB - Metabolic and enzymatic studies in a patient with hereditary tyrosinemia demonstrated for the first time a deficiency of erythrocyte and hepatic glutathione. Markedly decreased hepatic fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase activity was demonstrated in this patient. The activities of hepatic enzymes not involved in tyrosine metabolism were also determined. Assay of mixed function oxidase activity demonstrated low levels of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase and 7 ethoxycoumarin deethylase, suggesting decreased hepatic detoxification capacity. 5-Aminolevulinic acid dehydratase activity was undetectable. Succinylacetone (4,6 dioxoheptanoic acid), an abnormal metabolic product secondary to fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase deficiency was found in serum and urine. Succinylacetone was demonstrated to inhibit 5-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase in vitro, as did the urine, plasma, and red cell lysates of the patient. PMID- 6522149 TI - Cl- permeabilities in red blood cells and peripheral blood lymphocytes from cystic fibrosis and control subjects. AB - Recent studies have identified abnormalities in Cl- permeation across two target cystic fibrosis (CF) epithelia (sweat duct and respiratory epithelium). In the present study, anion conductances of red blood cells (RBCs) and peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) from CF and normal subjects were estimated and compared. For RBCs, the valinomycin-induced rate constant for K+ loss (PK+) was taken as an index of PCl-. For PBLs, the secondary volume increase after gramicidin pretreatment and hypotonic (0.67 X isotonic) stress was used to estimate PCl-. The Cl- permeabilities of RBCs and PBLs from CF and control subjects were comparable. These findings suggest that the abnormality in PCl- reported for CF sweat ductal and respiratory epithelia is not expressed in circulating blood elements. PMID- 6522150 TI - Intravenous lipid emulsions in the treatment of essential fatty acid deficiency: studies in young pigs. AB - Essential fatty acid deficiency (EFAD) occurs in infants fed fat-free mixtures of glucose and amino acids. Although infusion of lipid emulsion rapidly reverses clinical symptoms, little is known about effects on tissue fatty acids. To study this question, five groups (n = 4/group) of neonatal pigs were studied. Three groups (I, II, and V) were made EFAD by feeding diets without essential fatty acids (EFA) for days 5 to 33 of life. Groups III and IV were fed a control diet. By 33 days, animals fed the deficient diet showed clinical symptoms and biochemical signs of EFAD. On days 33 to 54 of life, group I animals were fed the EFA-deficient diet and infused with lipid emulsion, providing 3.6% of energy as linoleic acid; group II animals were fed the deficient diet and infused with linoleic acid at 7.2% of energy; group V animals were fed the deficient diet with no lipid emulsion; group III and IV animals were fed the EFA-deficient diet and provided EFA intravenously. Infusion of lipid emulsion rapidly reversed clinical symptoms of EFAD and returned plasma phospholipid omega 6 fatty acids levels to normal. However, erythrocyte and liver phospholipid omega 6 fatty acid content and adipose tissue reserves of omega 6 fatty acids normalized more slowly. Three weeks of infusion of linoleic acid at 3.6% of energy and 2 weeks of infusion at 7.2% of energy were required to return erythrocyte phospholipid fatty acids to normal. Liver phospholipid fatty acid composition still showed biochemical evidence of EFAD in animals treated with linoleic acid at 3.6% of energy for 3 wk.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6522151 TI - Red blood cell aggregation in preterm and term neonates and adults. AB - Aggregation of red blood cells (RBC) is a major determinant of blood viscosity and of blood circulation through vessels with slow flow (i.e. veins). RBC aggregation and plasma fibrinogen were studied in placental blood samples from 25 neonates with 24 to 41 wk of gestation and in blood from 13 normal adults. The rate and final extent of RBC aggregation were measured by means of a rheoscope (increase in light transmission during blood stasis). Both the rate and extent of RBC aggregation were low in the premature infants, increased with gestational age, and reached the highest values in the adults. Blood from seven infants with 24 to 28 wk of gestation did not show any significant RBC aggregation during the first minute of stasis. RBC aggregation was closely related to the fibrinogen level. Cross-suspension studies (neonatal RBC in adult plasma and adult RBC in neonatal plasma) showed that neonatal and adult RBC had the same aggregation pattern when they were suspended in the same plasma. Moreover, neonatal and adult RBC demonstrated the same strong aggregation when they were resuspended in 1% dextran. These results indicate that specific plasma properties are responsible for the decreased RBC aggregation observed in the neonates while their specific RBC properties do not affect RBC aggregation. PMID- 6522152 TI - [Exocrine function of the pancreas in juvenile onset diabetes mellitus. I. pH, duodenal content volume and bicarbonate concentration and secretion]. PMID- 6522153 TI - [Results of fingernail-bed capillaroscopy in children with diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 6522154 TI - [Long-term observations of children from families with a history of diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 6522155 TI - [Disorders of intraventricular conduction in children with influenza and its complications]. PMID- 6522156 TI - [Skinfold thickness in children aged 3 to 15 years from the vicinity of the Katowice steel plant]. PMID- 6522157 TI - [Model of regional hospital care of newborn infants]. PMID- 6522158 TI - [Nonspecific chronic duodenitis]. PMID- 6522159 TI - [Neonatal hepatitis in the light of current etiopathogenetic and diagnostic views]. PMID- 6522160 TI - [Diagnosis of hermaphroditism in newborn infants]. PMID- 6522161 TI - [Results of the study on early breast feeding of newborn infants]. PMID- 6522162 TI - [Transcapillary metabolism in full-term newborn infants during early postnatal adaptation]. PMID- 6522163 TI - [The hypophyseo-thyroid system in newborn infants with fetal growth retardation and in their mothers]. PMID- 6522164 TI - [Immunologic reactivity of newborn infants with various body weights]. PMID- 6522165 TI - [Health and immunological status of newborn infants born to women with chronic pyelonephritis]. PMID- 6522166 TI - [Cytochemical analysis of the formed elements of the peripheral blood for prognosis in infection and septic shock of various etiologies in newborn infants and children in the first 6 months of life]. PMID- 6522167 TI - [Aspirin test in prolonged subfebrile condition]. PMID- 6522168 TI - [Intradermal hormone test in adolescent girls with obesity]. PMID- 6522169 TI - [Symptoms of lactose intolerance in children]. PMID- 6522170 TI - [Characteristics of acute gastrointestinal diseases caused by S. java and other rare types of Salmonella group B in young children]. PMID- 6522171 TI - [Characteristics of the clinical course and diagnosis of Turner's syndrome in children]. PMID- 6522172 TI - [Hazards of drug use in the perinatal period]. PMID- 6522173 TI - [Iron deficiency in children]. PMID- 6522174 TI - [2 cases of Hamman-Rich syndrome in young children]. PMID- 6522175 TI - [Thyroid cancer in a 13-year-old girl]. PMID- 6522176 TI - [Perforation of Meckel's diverticulum with a pine needle]. PMID- 6522177 TI - [Nonspecific immunity in Salmonella infection and Pelger-Huet anomaly]. PMID- 6522178 TI - [Hepatocerebral dystrophy in children]. PMID- 6522179 TI - [Immunochemical methods for measuring specific proteins]. AB - Immunochemical methods are based on the antigen-antibody reaction. Two groups of techniques can be made: group I in which the visualization of the antigen antibody reaction is direct (radial immunodiffusion, immunonephelometry, immunoturbidimetry...), group II which needs a label to detect the complex (radioimmuno assay, immunoenzymology). The characteristics of the principal methods (time needed, sensitivity, apparatus, applications) and their causes of error are compared. Thanks to their precision, the possibility of micromethod and their rapidity, immunonephelometric technics are recommended in pediatrics. PMID- 6522180 TI - [The protein profile. Statistical treatment and use of the results, principles and applications]. AB - The serum protein profile is a biological multi parametric analysis. Its validity will be tested by multidimensional statistical treatment to help the medical decisions and the practical exploitation of the results. The mean and the range are given by classical methods which also allow the correlations of some proteins. The factorial analysis of the tables of correlations by showing the proximities between the proteins and the pathological classes gives a first indication of the structure of the data. The multidimensional approach introduces the notion of distance between two profiles, gives an automatic classification of the profiles in distinct groups and an evaluation of these groups as real pathological entities. A table of distance between the profiles can also discriminate between the groups of patients. However the biological model implies some hypotheses: does any disease imply a specific profile and the reverse? Are the variations of each protein compatible and do they require some pondering? Therefore the best in the present time is to try a multidimensional approach as an help for medical decision rather than an automatic mean of diagnosis. PMID- 6522181 TI - [Course of inflammatory and nutrition proteins in bacterial infections in newborn infants]. AB - A study of 214 neonates (with 87 premature infants) reveals that C-reactive protein (CRP), orosomucoid and prealbumin are the most interesting proteins for the diagnosis of neonatal sepsis and for studying its follow-up. Orosomucoid is high in 85% of bacterial infections and CRP in 75%. Early type strep B infections give often false negative results. The evolution of CRP and of prealbumin corresponds to the effects of treatment and the evolution of orosomucoid is parallel to the healing of the patients. The ratio orosomucoid/prealbumin allows an earlier appreciation of the healing. PMID- 6522183 TI - [Prealbumin and the nutritional status of the newborn infant]. AB - Thyroxine-binding prealbumin (TBPA) appears as a sensitive blood parameter for assessing various forms of protein and calorie malnutrition, ranging for subclinical protein deficit to frank kwashiorkor. More precisely, TBPA serves as a valid marker for determining both protein nutritional adequacy and the optimal ratio of energy and zinc to nitrogen intake in healthy newborns and preterm infants without infection. When inflammation is present, the decrease in TBPA blood levels reflects a deterioration in the patient's condition and its increase monitors the efficacy of dietary management. In this latter inflammatory context, it is recommended to combine the measurement of TBPA with that of the most reliable indicators of the phlogistic reaction, allowing the discrimination of both infectious and nutritional poles of the disease spectrum. PMID- 6522182 TI - [Practical method for diagnosing and following the development of infection in the neonatal period]. PMID- 6522184 TI - Critical stimulus durations for some verbal and nonverbal stimuli. AB - Durations of stimulus exposures in visual backward masking are determined with reference to critical stimulus durations. These are defined as the minimum, undisrupted, durations of exposure for 100% accuracy for a predetermined number of trials. These durations are shown to vary both within and between classes of stimuli for 10 normal adults with a mean age of 26.40 yr. The verbal stimuli employed (letters of the alphabet) were significantly easier to discern than the nonverbal stimuli (arrows). Although some letters were more readily identified than others, differences were not significant. The results suggest that type of stimuli, nature of response, and the ease with which stimuli can be discerned be considered in the selection of target stimuli for experiments using masking. PMID- 6522185 TI - Neuropsychological assessment of a case of early right hemiplegia: qualitative and quantitative analysis. AB - Evidence for normal development of linguistic but poor visuo-perceptual skills has been obtained with the neuropsychological assessment of a case of early left brain injury. Data suggest the transfer of linguistic functions from the left to the right hemisphere at the expense of visuo-perceptual capacities for which the right hemisphere is potentially specialized. PMID- 6522186 TI - New estimate for storage time in sensory memory. AB - Sperling in 1960 reported information in sensory storage remained for about one sec. In 1974 Phillips reported that information in sensory storage passed on to short-term visual memory after 100 msec. To distinguish between these alternatives, 55 subjects received 36 trials in which two matrices of letters, familiar shapes, or non-familiar shapes were presented successively in a recognition task. The interstimulus interval varied systematically. Results showed that as the interval increased, performance decreased. Further, memory for letters and familiar shapes was superior. Finally, there were no differences among letters, familiar shapes, and non-familiar shapes at the .25-sec. interval. At the .5-sec. interval, performance for familiar shapes was superior to performance for non-familiar shapes. It was concluded that information transfers to short-term visual storage after .25 sec. PMID- 6522187 TI - Central auditory function in young stutterers. AB - 16 stutterers and 16 nonstutterers between the ages of 8 and 11 yr. were administered a battery of central auditory processing tests. The six audiological tests evaluated a range of auditory functions. Analysis indicated no significant differences between the two groups; however, inspection of the data showed 6 of the stuttering subjects performed consistently more poorly on four of the tests than the nonstuttering subjects. Results are discussed in relationship to subgroups of stutterers with auditory problems. PMID- 6522188 TI - Accuracy in self-appraisal of body-frame size. PMID- 6522189 TI - State-dependent variations in brainstem auditory evoked responses in human subjects. AB - BAERs from 16 subjects during 3 sessions varied in the latency or amplitude of some components depending upon level of arousal as indicated by EEG patterns. There was a general tendency for activation to produce the fastest responses with the largest amplitudes and for drowsiness to produce the slowest responses with the smallest amplitudes. The latency of P2 was significantly prolonged during drowsiness, relative to those during relaxation or activation. For right-ear stimulation, P5 latency was longest during drowsiness, and shortest during activation while for left-ear stimulation the shortest latency occurred during relaxation. The amplitudes of Wave II and Wave VII were significantly smaller during drowsiness than during activation. Although the differences were below the level of clinical significance, the data indicate a modification in the characteristics of brainstem transmission as a function of concurrent activity in other brain areas. PMID- 6522190 TI - Effects of intertrial interval, orientation, and adaptation on orientation discrimination measured with a yes-no signal detection paradigm. AB - Orientation discriminations were measured with a 3.8-cpd sinusoidal grating stimulus and a yes-no signal-detection procedure. Analysis showed that such discriminations are independent of light-adaptation conditions and of intertrial interval over the 2- to 8-sec. range of values explored. However, they are strongly influenced by the orientation where measurements are made (the "oblique effect"). PMID- 6522191 TI - Relationship between self-consciousness, autonomic perception, and psychosomatic disorders. AB - The Self-consciousness Scale, Autonomic Perception Questionnaire, and the Medical History Questionnaire were administered to 127 undergraduate students in psychology. Although scores on self-consciousness were not related to those on any other measure, autonomic perception was significantly correlated with a self report of psychosomatic disorders. PMID- 6522192 TI - Effects of social influences and waiting on time judgment. AB - Utilizing social judgment theory, the relationships of three social cues to time judgment under low physical temporal-cue conditions were explored. These social influences were as follows: being free to interact with another person, being told by the experimenter to expect to wait a specified period of time, and seeing another person's time judgment. 72 college students, randomly assigned to conditions of free social interaction (alone-interactive) and of waiting expectancy (expected-unexpected), made time estimates after 4 min., 7 sec. Each person under interactive conditions made another judgment after seeing a partner's judgment. Mean estimation was lower alone than under interactive conditions and lower under expected than unexpected waiting conditions. Under interactive conditions, correlations were positive between the individual's first and second judgments, between the partners' second judgments, and between the individual's second and the partner's first judgments. Social cues may influence time judgment. PMID- 6522193 TI - A longitudinal study of time estimation in psychotic disorders. AB - 5 healthy subjects and 9 patients with hospital diagnoses of schizophrenia were studied by means of repeated measurements of time estimation (production method) during a 1- to 2-yr period. The healthy subjects exhibited moderate variability in their time estimations and tended to over- or under-estimate somewhat. Both over- and under-estimation were also found among patients, but the patients were often more variable in their estimations and in some cases deviated more from the correct estimation than the healthy subjects. Two patients were decided under estimators. They were both young, subchronic schizophrenics. Chronic schizophrenic patients tended to over-estimate time, but the amount of over estimation had no noticeable correlation to the degree of clinical disturbance. Two patients gradually changed from under- to over-estimation during the observation period. One patient was evidently misdiagnosed. He suffered from a bipolar affective disorder, and his time estimations seemed to depend on his clinical state during the course of the disorder. The results are discussed in the context of earlier findings and physiological disturbances in chronic schizophrenia. PMID- 6522194 TI - Influence of instructions and cognitive articulation on reducing the Muller-Lyer illusion with a repeated trial. AB - The role of specific, suggestive instructions and of the subject's cognitive articulation in fostering modifications of Muller-Lyer illusory effect was studied. 60 female students were divided into four subgroups on the basis of (a) Witkin's GEFT scores and (b) instructions given to the subjects for the repeated trial. Analysis shows no statistically significant difference between the more and less articulated subjects on the first trial, for influence of both cognitive articulation and instructions or their interaction on the reduction of the illusion. Data are interpreted in terms of some theoretical explanations of geometrical illusions, such as 'centration theory' and 'assimilation theory'. PMID- 6522195 TI - Verbal and modality-specific coding in inter- and intra-modal matching among children and adults. AB - RTs for correct tactual-to-visual and visual-to-visual matches were required of 20 children and 20 adults to sensory-specific and to nonsensory-specific materials in each of two experiments. Two-way analyses of variance indicated significant effects of group, modality, and their interaction. A single-factor, repeated-measures design indicated significant effects of modality only for adults. Developmental differences in the intra- and intermodal processing are suggested. PMID- 6522196 TI - Multiple resources and brain laterality. AB - Two studies tested the multiple resources model of information processing using tachistoscopically lateralized input. In Exp. 1 37 normal, dextral subjects, 18 men aged 18/21 yr. and 19 women aged 18/22 yr. responded manually to a visuo spatial and verbal dual-task presented simultaneously to left and right brain or nonlaterally. Both men and women tended to have superior performance with coherent lateral input, however, differences in task difficulty and the possibility of a left-to-right scanning advantage with lateral input made interpretation of the data tenuous. In Exp. 2 the difficulty of the two tasks was more equal and a third viewing condition, having noncoherent lateral input, was included. Normal, dextral subjects, 10 men aged 18/21 yr. and 10 women aged 19/21 yr. were tested under all three viewing conditions. Both men and women had superior performance with coherent lateral input compared to the other two conditions. The results led to speculations that each hemisphere has unique pools of resources, that the resources of one or both hemispheres may be functional in processing a given task, and that in dual-task situations the brain operates most efficiently and accurately with direct access of appropriate tasks to each hemisphere. PMID- 6522197 TI - Reported visual imagery for faces and facial recognition memory. AB - Data from several studies of college students yielded moderate correlations among faces recognition scores (ratings, answers to questions), but association between visual imagery and recognition memory for faces was small to medium. Women reported more vivid and better controlled visual imagery for faces than men. PMID- 6522198 TI - Effects of hemispace on tactile bisection by young children. AB - The validity of Bowers and Heilman's (1983) hypothesis that both hemisphere hemispace and hemisphere-hand connections contribute to the laterality effects for tactile bisection task was examined with 24 children 6.7 yr. old. Stimulus spatial location did not influence laterality. PMID- 6522199 TI - Case report: recovery and reorganization after congenital unilateral brain damage. AB - Recovery and neural reorganization after congenital left- and right-brain injury is assessed on dichotic listening and tachistoscopic visuo-perceptual tasks. A matched-pair approach for age and type of lesion is used. Over-all, deficits are less pronounced than in adults. Innate specialization of both left and right hemispheres is supported by the data. In addition, a left-right maturational gradient is suggested by the all-around better performance of the child with left hemisphere pathology. The later maturing, relatively less-committed right hemisphere is better able to compensate after unilateral injury. PMID- 6522200 TI - The Goodenough-Harris Drawing Test as a measure of field-dependence/independence. AB - This paper describes the use of the Goodenough-Harris Drawing Test as a valid and reliable measure to assess field-dependence/independence of 240 first- and 240 third-grade pupils. Scores on the Goodenough-Harris Drawing Test were correlated .95 and .87 with scores on the Articulation of the Body-Concept Scale for the first-grade girls and boys and .94 and .97 for third-grade girls and boys. Scores were also correlated with those on the Children's Embedded Figures Test. Correlations between the Goodenough-Harris Drawing Test and the Children's Embedded Figures Test were of similar magnitude to those between the Articulation of the Body-concept Scale and the Children's Embedded Figures Test. PMID- 6522201 TI - Ladder angle and ankle flexion while climbing. AB - 39 children 4 to 8 yr. of age were filmed while ascending and descending ladders positioned at 90, 67, 40, 24, 14, and 0 degree from horizontal. Analysis indicated that the greatest range of motion, i.e., variability, took place at angles of 90, 67, and 40 degrees, and at each angle the deviation was from dorsito plantar flexion. While results showed that at each angle more dorsiflexion was exhibited ascending than descending, minimal plantar flexion was noted so most movement occurred in the dorsiflexion range. The greatest deviation (and near maximal movement) was in dorsiflexion at the horizontal (0 degree) position. Implications for design of play apparatus were presented. PMID- 6522202 TI - Superiority of the left cerebral hemisphere in word recognition with nonverbal central fixation. AB - The right visual-field advantage for bilateral presentation put forward by McKeever and Huling was investigated. The central-fixation task was varied so that in one condition this task was nonverbal. Results gave some support for scanning-type explanations in this paradigm but over-all favoured Kinsbourne's activation-and-priming account. PMID- 6522203 TI - Two components of motor time: the tension lag and the tension-developing phase. AB - Motor time (MT) of the rectus femoris muscle for knee extension under loading on the leg with different weights and latency of isometric tension from the onset of electromyographic activities of the muscle were examined in 7 normal men. MT was linearly related to weights-loaded, indicating that the rate of rapid development of tension was almost linear even in its early phase. MT without a load obtained by calculation using the regression equation and the estimated weight of the leg and foot coincided with latency of isometric tension. It is assumed that MT is composed of two consecutive phases, a tension-lag phase and a rapid tension developing phase. PMID- 6522204 TI - Relationship of stress and ego energy to field-dependent perception in older adults. AB - Using a sample of 120 adults between the ages of 55 and 75 yr., the relationships between stress of life change, ego energy, and field-dependent perception were studied. Respondents completed the Schedule of Recent Events, the Taft Ego Permissiveness Questionnaire, and the Children's Embedded Figures Test. Pearson correlations and multiple regression analysis were applied to the data. Supported were predictions of a negative relationship between stress of life events and ego energy, a positive relationship between ego energy and field-dependent perception, and a negative relationship between stress of life events and field dependent perception. PMID- 6522205 TI - Fingertip number-writing errors by psychiatric patients. AB - Records from 495 psychiatric patients from two neuropsychology laboratories indicated the Fingertip Number Writing test shows a significant and reliable left hand advantage within and between laboratories. While the left-hand advantage may reflect a right-hemisphere superiority for tactile-spatial processing, it is not possible to distinguish between right hemispheric functional superiority and practice effects between hands because the standard fingertip writing task always starts with the right hand. PMID- 6522206 TI - Relationship between stuttering severity and brainstem-evoked response testing. AB - Brainstem-evoked-response testing was performed on 8 adult stutterers and 8 non stutterers. Stutterers demonstrated prolonged central conduction time as measured by the interpeak latency (IPL) differences between Waves I to V. Five of the stutterers manifested abnormalities unilaterally, while three of the subjects showed abnormal responses bilaterally. No relationship was found between brainstem-evoked-response testing and severity of stuttering. PMID- 6522207 TI - Processing of short vowels, long vowels, and vowel digraphs by disabled and non disabled readers. AB - The speed with which disabled and non-disabled readers process short vowels, long vowels, and vowel digraphs was investigated in this study, an exploration of Morrison's 1984 conceptualization of reading disability as the failure to master the complex irregular system of rules governing sound-symbol correspondence in English. 7 disabled and 7 non-disabled readers, all of average intelligence, were presented pseudoword pairs on slides and asked to identify a pronounced target word by identifying its position ("top" or "bottom"). Reaction time was measured with voice-operated relay and digital millisecond clock counter. The pseudoword pairs were formed such that each pseudoword was paired with another that was identical except for one or two vowels in the medial position. No effects of type of reader (disabled or non-disabled) and type of letters in the medial position (long vowel, short vowel, vowel digraph) on reaction time were noted. Analysis of reaction times for individual words gave significant differences. The need for an empirically supported "complexity scale" is discussed. PMID- 6522208 TI - Changes in tactile sensitivity as a function of 14 days of auditory restriction. PMID- 6522209 TI - Making functional time estimates: comparison of school-aged, learning-disabled and other children. AB - A time-estimation survey was administered to 266 control children and 72 learning disabled children in Grades 4, 5, and 6. Using a 2 X 3 X 3 analysis of covariance significant main effects for group membership and grade were found. These data indicate that learning disabled youngsters frequently do not estimate time as accurately as normal ones. PMID- 6522210 TI - Developmental influences on speech-motor equivalence: some implications for articulatory disordered children. AB - The peak amplitude of EMG activity was measured from the orbicularis oris superior (OOS), orbicularis oris inferior (OOI) and masseter muscles for 3 normal 4-yr.-old children and compared to past data gathered on a group of articulatory disordered children, normal children, and adults. The 4-yr.-olds evidenced greater average peak EMG activity than the other groups, suggesting that speech sound production becomes more efficient with maturation. Also, levels of variability obtained for the younger children were considerably smaller than for the normal speakers across the three muscles, showing that motor equivalence changes with age whereby the flexibility in the control of articulators increases. The coefficient of variation for the OOI muscle for the disordered children, however, was similar to that for the 4-yr.-olds, while the corresponding data for the other two muscles paralleled those for normal ones. These findings were interpreted as reflecting a delay in the development of speech-motor equivalence that affects certain muscles while sparing others. PMID- 6522211 TI - Nasal, retronasal, and gustatory perception: an experimental comparison. PMID- 6522212 TI - Thermal perception on lingual and labial skin. PMID- 6522213 TI - Optokinetic backgrounds affect perceived velocity during ocular tracking. PMID- 6522214 TI - Name codes and features in the discrimination of letter forms. PMID- 6522215 TI - What makes the Mueller a liar: a multiple-cue approach. PMID- 6522216 TI - Flicker and suprathreshold spatial summation: evidence for a two-channel model of achromatic brightness. PMID- 6522217 TI - Fusion of simultaneous tonal glides: the role of parallelness and simple frequency relations. PMID- 6522218 TI - Further evidence for priming in perceptual matching: temporal, not spatial, separation enhances the fast-same effect. PMID- 6522219 TI - Binocular rivalry occurs without simultaneous presentation of rival stimuli. PMID- 6522220 TI - Redundancy and word perception during reading. PMID- 6522221 TI - Lateral interference and perceptual grouping in visual detection. PMID- 6522222 TI - Susceptibility to the effects of delayed auditory feedback. PMID- 6522223 TI - Prism adaptation with hypnotically induced limb anesthesia: the critical roles of head position and prism type. PMID- 6522224 TI - The relationship between passively induced apparent movement and gaze direction. PMID- 6522225 TI - Pigeons experience orientation-contingent chromatic aftereffects. PMID- 6522226 TI - The role of occlusion in reducing multistability in moving point-light displays. PMID- 6522227 TI - Displacement of the path of perceived movement by intersection with static contours. PMID- 6522228 TI - A distinction between the effects of sentential speaking rate and semantic congruity on word identification. PMID- 6522229 TI - A linear relation between loudness and decibels. PMID- 6522230 TI - The 4-month-old infant's perception of holograms and real objects: a demonstration of equivalence. PMID- 6522231 TI - Age-related differences in the magnitude of pattern-contingent color aftereffects. PMID- 6522232 TI - Perception of three-dimensional form by human infants. PMID- 6522233 TI - Segmentation of coarticulated speech in perception. PMID- 6522234 TI - Identifying vowels in CVC syllables: effects of inserting silence and noise. PMID- 6522235 TI - Monocular pattern alternation: effects of mean luminance and contrast. PMID- 6522236 TI - Priming with and without awareness. PMID- 6522237 TI - When push comes to pull: impressions of visual direction. PMID- 6522238 TI - On spatial-frequency channels and attention. PMID- 6522239 TI - Contraluminal sulfate transport in the proximal tubule of the rat kidney. I. Kinetics, effects of K+, Na+, Ca2+, H+, and anions. AB - In order to study contraluminal sulfate transport the influx rate of 35SO42- from the interstitium into cortical tubular cells has been determined. Preloading of the rat with sulfate augmented contraluminal 35SO42- influx; pre-perfusion with sulfate-free solutions diminished it. The contraluminal 35SO42- influx in sulfate loaded animals followed two parameter kinetics (Km 1.4 mmol/l, Jmax 1.2 pmol X s 1 X cm-1). The contraluminal 35SO42- influx (starting concentration 10 mumol/l) did not change when the K+ concentration was varied between 4 and 40 mmol/l and the Ca2+ concentration from zero to 3 mmol/l. Omission of Na+ from the perfusates augmented contraluminal 35SO42- influx markedly. The increase is larger at pH 6 than at pH 7.4. Changes of pH affect contraluminal 35SO42- influx only when the solutions are Na+- and K+-free. Under these conditions the 35SO42- influx decreased when the ambient pH was raised from pH 6.0 to pH 8.0. Thiosulfate, selenate, molybdate, oxalate, phosphate, arsenate, and bicarbonate exerted competitive inhibition, while formate, 2-oxoglutarate and paraaminohippurate showed a biphasic response: inhibition at 50 mmol/l, no inhibition at 150 mmol/l. Chloride and bicarbonate inhibited 35SO42- influx at 10 mumol/l 35SO42-, but augmented sulfate influx at 5 mmol/l 35SO42- concentration in rats not preloaded with sulfate. The data indicate the presence of a contraluminal sulfate transport system which is shared by a variety of inorganic and organic anions. The biphasic behaviour of some anions suggests parallel pathways leading to a cis-inhibition at small and trans-stimulation at high anion concentrations. Na+ and H+ may be cotransported or interact with the transport system at a modifier site. PMID- 6522240 TI - Cerebellar feedback signals of a passive hand movement in the awake monkey. AB - From three intact and awake monkeys, 149 Purkinje cells and 44 presumed mossy fibres were recorded in the intermediate part of the cerebellar anterior lobe, and this activity was analyzed with regard to different parameters of a passive hand movement. The tonic discharge rate of the simple spikes (SS) varied according to different joint positions only in a single Purkinje cell, whereas such a position relation was found in nine out of 44 presumed mossy fibres. A phasic increase of the complex spike (CS) discharge rate of Purkinje cells in response to passive wrist movements usually occurred within 100 ms after movement onset. However, in some units a phase of increased CS rate was observed which lasted for the whole movement duration. The amount of this phasic increase in the CS rate depended on the acceleration of movement, but the SS response to movements of different velocity remained unchanged. PMID- 6522241 TI - Effects of different patterns of long-term stimulation on blood flow, fuel uptake and enzyme activities in rabbit fast skeletal muscles. AB - Long-term electrical stimulation (14-28 days) of rabbit fast muscles (tibialis anterior, TA and extensor digitorum longus, EDL) using intermittent high frequency (3 trains per min of 5 s duration at 40 Hz, for 8 h per day) produced changes in enzyme activities similar to those found with continuous stimulation at a frequency occurring in nerves to slow muscles (10 Hz). The activity of citrate synthetase, 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase and succinate dehydrogenase increased two to 3-fold within 28 days. There was a 4-fold increase in hexokinase whereas phosphofructokinase, pyruvate kinase, lactate dehydrogenase and fructose 1,6-diphosphatase decreased to about 60% of the activity levels in the contralateral unstimulated muscles. Blood flow and oxygen consumption at rest were not changed even after 28 days of stimulation, but were increased during contractions in muscles stimulated at either frequency, the level being twice as high as in control muscles. Glucose uptake was similar to that in control muscles both at rest and during contractions and the output of lactate was similar to that found in control muscles in muscles stimulated at 40 Hz. Muscles stimulated at 10 Hz had smaller lactate output. Thus intermittent stimulation at high frequency (40 Hz) and continuous low frequency (10 Hz) produced similar changes in aerobic metabolism and fuel uptake provided that the total number of stimuli was comparable and that the stimulation was carried out for sufficiently long period. PMID- 6522242 TI - Effects of histamine antagonists on noradrenaline-stimulated blood flow and oxygen consumption of brown adipose tissue in the rat. AB - The effects of histamine antagonists on noradrenaline-stimulated metabolic rate, tissue blood flow (estimated from the distribution of radiolabelled microspheres) and brown adipose tissue (BAT) oxygen extraction were studied in male anaesthetised rats. Injection of cimetidine (H2-receptor antagonist), reduced the noradrenaline-stimulation of metabolic rate and the increase in blood flow to BAT, but did not affect blood flow to white adipose tissue, skin, leg muscle, kidney, brain, or testes. Following noradrenaline, in vivo oxygen consumption of BAT, estimated from blood flow and oxygen extraction was depressed to 31% of control values by treatment with cimetidine, blood pressure was unaffected. Injection of the histamine (H1-receptor) antagonist, mepyramine, did not affect tissue blood flow or metabolic rate. In conscious animals, cimetidine did not affect resting oxygen consumption, but depressed the thermogenic responses to noradrenaline. These data suggest that the stimulation of BAT blood flow and thermogenesis by noradrenaline may be mediated in part by histamine acting on an H2-type receptor. PMID- 6522243 TI - The prostaglandin-analogue-9-deoxo-16,16-dimethyl-9-methylene-PGE2 inhibits the antidiuretic effect of vasopressin (AVP) in the conscious sheep. AB - The effects of intravenous infusions of the stable prostaglandin analogue 9-deoxo 16,16-dimethyl-9-methylene-PGE2 (9-methylene-PGE2) in a dosage of 10 or 24 micrograms/min were studied in the consicious euhydrated, dehydrated, and hyperhydrated with the simultaneous administration of exogenous arginine vasopressin (AVP), sheep. The infusions decreased urine osmolality and increased urine flow and renal free water clearance. The results indicate that 9-methylene PGE2 exhibits its diuretic effect by antagonizing the antidiuretic action of AVP. In the hyperhydrated sheep receiving AVP the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone release (SIADH) was simulated. As the prostaglandin analogue effectively blocked the antidiuretic effect of the AVP-administration it appears that 9-methylene-PGE2 may play a future role as a diuretic agent, especially in conditions characterized by water retention and dilutional hyponatremia such as SIADH. PMID- 6522244 TI - Mechanism of NaCl secretion in rectal gland tubules of spiny dogfish (Squalus acanthias). II. Effects of inhibitors. AB - Rectal gland tubule (RGT) segments of the spiny dogfish (Squalus acanthias) were perfused in vitro. The effects of inhibitors of known mode of action on transepithelial PD (PDte resistance (Rte), the PD across the basolateral membrane (PDbl), the fractional resistance of this membrane (FRbl), and intracellular activities of NA+, Cl-, K+ (apha cell) were examined. Furosemide (5 x 10(-4) mol x 1(-1)) reduced PDte from -12 +/- 0.7 to -2.3 +/- 0.2 mV (n = 63), hyperpolarized PDbl from -71 +/- 1.3 to -79 +/- 0.9 mV (n = 59), FRbl decreased from 0.2 +/- 0.03 to 0.13 +/- 0.01 (n = 21), alpha cell cl- fell from 38 +/- 4 to 11 +/- 2 mmol x 1(-1) (n = 21), alpha cell Na+ fell from 37 +/- 4 to 17 +/- 2 mmol x 1(-1) (n = 12) and alpha cell K+ was constant [113 +/- 14 vs. 117 +/- 15 mmol x 1(-1) (n = 6)]. Furosemide exerted its effects within some 20-40s. Its action was completely reversible. Analysis of the time courses revealed that the furosemide induced initial fall in alpha cell cl- was approximately twice as rapid when compared to that of alpha cell Na+. Ba2+ 0.5 mmol x 1(-1) (bath) reduced PDte from -7.1 +/- 1.2 to -4.1 +/- 0.6 mV (n = 24), increased Rte from 18 +/- 2 to 22 +/- 2.5, omega cm2 (n = 14). PDbl depolarized from -75 +/- 2 to -48 +/- 2 mV (n = 42), FRbl increased from 0.2 +/- 0.02 to 0.34 +/- 0.04 (n = 14) and alpha cell K+ increased from 143 +/-28 to 188 +/- mmol x 1(-1) (n = 4). Ouabain (50 x 10(-6) mol x 1(-1), bath) reduced PDte from -12 +/-2 to -3 +/- 0.5 mV (n = 9), Rte increased from 18 +/- 3 to 21 +/- 3 omega cm2 (n = 5). PDbl depolarized from -67 +/- 4 to -26 + 3 mV (n = 14), FRbl increased from 0.23 +/- 0.04 to 0.45 +/- 0.05 (n = 6), alpha cell K+ fell only slightly from 135 +/- 15 to 112 +/- 30 mmol x 1(-1) (n = 4), but alpha cell cl- increased from 35 +/- 12 to 111 +/- 37 mmol x 1(-1) (n = 3). These effects of ouabain were slow when compared to those exerted by furosemide or Ba2+. The ouabain effects on PDte and PDbl were completely prevented if furosemide was applied first.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6522246 TI - Functional heterogeneity of the descending limbs of Henle's loop. II. Interspecies differences among rabbits, rats, and hamsters. AB - Permeability properties of the descending limbs of Henle's loop were compared among rabbits, hamsters, and rats by measuring transepithelial voltage (Vt) across the isolated renal tubules perfused in vitro. From the deflection of the Vt when the composition of the bathing fluid was varied, the permeabilities of sodium and of potassium relative to chloride (Pna/PCl and PK/PCl, respectively) were determined in either the descending limbs of the short-loop nephron (SDL) or the segments of the upper protion of the long-loop nephron (LDLu). In hamsters and rats, the values of PNa/PCl of the LDLu (3.98 +/- 0.66 and 5.03 +/- 0.79) were higher than those of the SDL (0.68 +/- 0.03 and 0.61 +/- 0.00). In contrast, in rabbits the value of PNa/PCl of the LDLu (0.96 +/- 0.05) was only slightly higher than that of the SDLu (0.75 +/- 0.03). The similar tendency was also noted in the values of PK/PCl. In hamsters and rats, the PK/PCi ratios were 4.90 +/- 0.82 and 6.44 +/- 0.90, respectively, in the LDLu and 1.09 +/- 0.04 and 1.02 +/- 0.0, respectively in the SDL. When a transepithelial osmotic gradient was imposed by adding raffinose to the bath, a lumen-negative streaming voltage of about -8 mV was generated in the hamster and the rat LDLu. Taken together with the findings in the preceding paper, these observations support the view that the descending limbs of rabbits are different from those of hamsters and rats in that internephron heterogeneity is less remarkable, and that the LDLu of hamsters and rats is highly permeable to sodium and to potassium as well as to water. PMID- 6522245 TI - Functional heterogeneity of the descending limbs of Henle's loop. I. Internephron heterogeneity in the hamster kidney. AB - By using the in vitro microperfusion technique, were examined functions of the descending limbs of Henle's loop obtained from either the short-loop nephron (SDL) or the upper portion of the long-loop nephron of hamsters (LDLu). Morphological distinctions between these segments were confirmed by light and electron microscopic observations. Both segments were highly permeable to water. The LDLu was highly permeable to sodium and to chloride: efflux coefficients (10( 7) cm2 x s-1) for 22Na and 36Cl were 41.0 +/- 5.4 and 3.8 +/- 0.6, respectively. The SDL were less permeable to sodium and to chloride: efflux coefficient for 22Na and 36Cl were 2.9 +/- 1.4 and 0.9 +/- 0.2, respectively. In contrast, the SDL was more permeable to urea as compared to the LDL, efflux coefficients for urea being 5.1 +/- 1.4 vs 1.4 +/- 0.3, respectively. When composition of the perfusate was identical to that of the bathing fluid, no transepithelial voltage was demonstrated. The volume flux was very small or undetectable. From these observations, we propose that the internephron heterogeneity must be taken into consideration for constructing a model of countercurrent system in the renal medulla. PMID- 6522247 TI - Cross adaption between stress and cold in rats. AB - Three-hour immobilization stress was imposed on male adult rats of Wistar strain by restraining them on a board 6 days a week for 1-8 weeks. The stressed rats showed less body weight gain during the experiment compared to the controls. These stressed animals manifested an improved cold tolerance as shown by no significant fall in colonic temperature in the cold at -5 degrees C for 300 min during the experimental period, while the colonic temperature of the controls fell progressively. Nonshivering thermogenesis as assessed by noradrenaline induced increase in oxygen consumption was significantly potentiated in the stressed rats. The weight and protein content of the intercapsular brown adipose tissue (BAT) increased and BAT mitochondria were more packed in the stressed rats. Plasma insulin, insulin/glucagon molar ratio and thyroxine levels were lowered in the stressed rats, while the plasma triiodothyronine level remained unchanged. Removal of interscapular BAT led to a loss of improved cold tolerance and a significant reduction of nonshivering thermogenesis in the stressed rats. These results indicate that repetitive stress may induce cross adaptation between stress and cold through an enhanced capacity of nonshivering thermogenesis mediated, at least in part, via stimulation of BAT function. PMID- 6522248 TI - Rapid determination of intraepithelial resistance barriers by alternating current spectroscopy. I. Experimental procedures. AB - A method has been developed to determine rapidly and simultaneously the resistance of the tight junctions, the resistance of the lateral intercellular space, and the resistances and capacitances of the apical and basolateral cell membrane in leaky epithelia by alternating current spectroscopy. The present paper describes the experimental procedures. Multi-frequency sine-wave currents are simultaneously applied across the tissue and the transepithelial and intracellular voltage responses are recorded with shielded microelectrodes, digitized, and stored in a computer. Using Fast Fourier Transform techniques the frequency-dependent transepithelial impedance and an apparent basal cell membrane impedance are then calculated from the voltage and current waveform. By fitting appropriate model circuits to the data the above listed individual resistances can be deduced. The model calculations and the fit results are described in the subsequent paper [14]. In the present design the analysis covers the frequency range between 2.5 Hz and 12.5 kHz. The minimal measuring time is in the order of 1-2s. PMID- 6522249 TI - Rapid determination of intraepithelial resistance barriers by alternating current spectroscopy. II. Test of model circuits and quantification of results. AB - The impedance of Necturus gallbladder epithelium was measured with transepithelial and intracellular microelectrodes in different transport states. The data are analysed with five electrical equivalent circuits, which differ with respect to the configuration of the paracellular shunt path (lumped vs distributed model of the lateral space), and of the apical cell membrane (non ideal capacitance or surface amplification by micro-tubular infoldings). Least square fits indicate: 1. that the lumped model cannot represent the epithelium properly, even under control conditions; 2. that the distributed model, which considers the lateral intracellular space separately as a cable-like structure, describes the data well, both under control conditions and during collapse of the lateral spaces; and 3. that the above indicated variations of the apical membrane configuration improve the fits, but have little effect on the magnitude of the calculated circuit parameters. Quantitatively the analysis of 214 measurements on 25 gallbladders under control conditions yields the following results: The resistances of the tight junctions, of the lateral intercellular space, and of the apical and basal cell membrane are Rj = 123, Rlis = 35.5, Ra approximately 3,500, and Rb = 225 (all in omega cm2), and the capacitances of the cell membranes are Ca = 4.95 and Cbl = 26.5 (mu F/cm2). In oxygen deficiency and after cessation of chamber perfusion transport decreased, the spaces collapsed, and Rlis increased to approximately 130 omega cm2. Although the accuracy of the estimated Ra values is still limited, the analysis shows that it is possible to determine Rj and Rlis separately and to follow their changes in response to experimental maneuvers. PMID- 6522250 TI - Reabsorption of inorganic sulfate in the rat kidney: evidence for an adaptive depression of TmSO4 during SO4 loading. AB - Clearance methods were employed to study reabsorption of inorganic sulfate (SO4) in the rat kidney. During stepwise elevation of the So4 concentration in plasma by sulfate infusions (SO4 titration), the reabsorption of S)4 increased and reached the maximal reabsorptive capacity for inorganic sulfate (TmSO4). During further SO4 loading TMSO4 decreased by about 50%. At the same time GFR was stable, and the decline of the TmSO4 was not due to volume loading during infusion, since in time-controls with Ringer infusion alone the reabsorption of inorganic sulfate was almost unchanged. The decrease of the TmSO4 was also observed in thyroparathyroidectomized animals. It is concluded that the decline of TmSO4 was a result of the SO4 load per se and may be mediated by an unknown adaptive process. PMID- 6522251 TI - Cold-sensitive mechanoreceptors with afferent C-fibres in the sheep duodenum. AB - The effect of changes of temperature on the impulse activity of duodenal mechanoreceptors with afferent C-fibres was studied in acute electrophysiological experiments in chloralose-anaesthetised sheep. The impulse activity of 4 tension receptor units increased when the duodenal mucosa was cooled over the range 0-39 degrees C. The impulse activity of 10 tension receptors was reduced when the mucosa was cooled. Temperature changes between 39 degrees C and 52 degrees C did not alter the discharge pattern of either type of tension receptor response. An additional unit, which may have been associated with pyloric circular muscle, was excited by cooling over the temperature range 0-39 degrees C. This unit was insensitive to compression and was excited by close-intra-arterial injections of pentagastrin, nor-adrenaline, prostaglandin F2a and prostaglandin E2. The cold sensitivity of mechanoreceptors in the duodenal muscularis externa may play a role in the reflexes regulating gastric emptying in experimental situations when duodenal chyme is cold. PMID- 6522253 TI - Spatial parameters of gait related to the position of the foot on the ground. AB - A number of parameters related to the position of the foot on the ground during normal level walking were analysed for a group of young and a group of old subjects, divided in two sub-groups each, according to sex. The analysis has shown asymmetries between the left and the right side of a number of subjects, differences between sexes and differences between age groups. Changes in the parameters of gait for the old subjects served the task of providing a larger base of support and a smaller loading of the hip musculature. PMID- 6522252 TI - Stimulation of tubular reabsorption of magnesium and calcium by antidiuretic hormone in conscious rats. Study in Brattleboro rats with hereditary hypothalamic diabetes insipidus. AB - The effect of antidiuretic hormone on urinary electrolyte excretion was investigated by clearance techniques in conscious rats in metabolic cages. Brattleboro rats with hereditary diabetes insipidus (DI) (no ADH) were studied in the absence of exogenous ADH (control group = C, n = 4), and after several weeks of continuous dDAVP infusion (period A) followed by discontinuation of dDAVP (period B) (experimental group = E, n = 6). dDAVP, a non-pressor antidiuretic analogue to ADH, induced 1) a high urine concentration (2,645 +/- 44 (SEM) in group E vs 131 +/- 6 mosmol/kg H2O in group C), P less than 0.001; 2) no significant change in plasma osmolality (288 +/- 2 vs 297 +/- mosmol/kg H2O respectively) and in plasma concentration of major electrolytes, Na, K, Cl, Mg, and Ca; 3) a large decrease in urinary excretion of calcium and magnesium and no change in other electrolyte or total osmolar excretion. Fractional excretions in rats of groups C and E during period A were, respectively, for Na: 0.59 +/- 0.03 (SEM) and 0.51 +/- 0.33% (NS), for Ca: 2.92 +/- 0.62 and 0.34 +/- 0.05% (P less than 0.001) and for Mg: 7.75 +/- 0.83 and 1.38 +/- 0.28% (P less than 0.001). After treatment discontinuation, plasma osmolality in group E rose to 304 +/- 2 mosmol/kg H2O (P less than 0.01 compared to period A) with slight increases in plasma Na and Cl concentrations. Urine osmolality fell below, and urine flow rate rose above values observed in the control group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6522254 TI - The effect of oxygen inhalation and intravenous naftidrofuryl on the transcutaneous partial oxygen pressure in ischaemic lower limbs. AB - The effect of oxygen inhalation at atmospheric pressure and Naftidrofuryl infusion (N) on the TCpO2 is shown. At the central control site--5 cm below the midclavicular line--oxygen inhalation produced a significant increase in TCpO2, whereas there was no change after Naftidrofuryl infusion. At the 10 cm below-knee site, there were significant rises after oxygen inhalation alone, Naftidrofuryl alone and both combined. The study was conducted on 20 patients (23 legs). It is suggested that this study can form the basis for a regimen to improve the viability of ischaemic limbs showing borderline TCpO2 readings, and increase the chances of a successful below-knee amputation. PMID- 6522255 TI - "Zero-position" functional shoulder orthosis. AB - The "zero-position" of the shoulder joint described by Saha (1961) is recognized as a mechanical position between scapula and humerus, and the "scapular plane" is widely accepted as a mechanical plane at the shoulder joint. On the basis of biomechanical concepts of the "zero-position" and the "scapular plane", the authors designed the "zero-position" functional shoulder orthosis. This orthosis has been successfully fitted to more than 75 patients for the postoperative management of rotator cuff injuries, and to 3 patients for the treatment of scapular neck fractures. It is introduced here, together with biomechanical considerations, structure, functional and clinical results. PMID- 6522256 TI - Cold injury amputees--a psychosocial problem? AB - The rehabilitation of 8 cold injury lower limb amputees is described, 7 of whom were alcoholic and had significant personality disorders. Delayed wound healing was the only common physical problem but the psychosocial difficulties were substantial and were the principal determinant of outcome following rehabilitation. PMID- 6522257 TI - Biomechanical evaluation of SACH and uniaxial feet. AB - A review of prosthetic prescription practice reveals that in the United Kingdom about 85% of below and above-knee amputees are fitted with uniaxial feet, whereas in the United States about 80% are fitted with SACH feet. An evaluation method was developed to assess the performance of these two different types of feet. This included a subjective assessment procedure and a biomechanical evaluation of the function of the two feet and their effects on whole body gait kinematics and lower limb kinetics. Data were acquired by three Bolex H16 cine cameras and two Kistler force plates. This set-up allowed three-dimensional analysis on the prosthetic and contralateral sides of the subject. Investigations were undertaken in which an experimental prosthesis permitted the interchange of the ankle/foot while keeping the rest of the components the same. Altogether, six below knee and five above knee amputees were tested. No clear trend for preference for either type of foot was evident from the subjective survey; in general the patients showed a preference for the foot that they were accustomed to. Kinematic and kinetic analysis showed some differences in the function between the two prosthetic feet. It is the purpose of this paper to discuss these differences and their significance. PMID- 6522258 TI - A 24 year survey of amputees in Hong Kong. AB - A 24-year retrospective study of amputees was conducted at the Prosthetic and Orthotic Unit of the Kowloon Rehabilitation Centre, the first and largest rehabilitation centre in Hong Kong. A review was made of 1821 patients and a rising trend of amputee population was demonstrated probably related to the population growth. The ratio of lower limb to upper limb amputees was 1.83 to 1. The mean age of the amputees was 39 years. The commonest cause of upper limb amputation was trauma (89%) and of lower limb amputation was infection (35%). Vascular diseases were not as common in Chinese as in Caucasian communities. These patterns of amputee population indicate the demand for prosthetic service and provide guide-lines for future development. PMID- 6522259 TI - Foot loading in amputee stance. AB - A survey has been carried out to establish information on foot loading in amputee stance. The parameters measured are percentage body weight and the positions of the centres of pressure under each foot. The data was collected in a clinical environment by the use of a Double Video Forceplate (DVF), a tool developed at the Bioengineering Centre. The objective of the survey is to provide background information for the use of the DVF in static alignment of lower-limb prostheses. Results are presented from a number of patients attending the Roehampton Walking Training School, and for a small group of patients attending the Bioengineering Centre for delivery of an experimental below-knee prosthesis. Scattergrams and averaged results provide normative data which can assist in interpretation of DVF displays during individual alignment. PMID- 6522260 TI - Orthosis for barefoot walking. PMID- 6522261 TI - [Cross section anatomy of mediastinal lymph nodes for CT evaluation--based on lymph nodes mapping of Japan Lung Cancer Society]. PMID- 6522263 TI - Radiological study of bronchiolitis. PMID- 6522262 TI - [Computed tomography in diagnosis of hepatic abscess]. PMID- 6522264 TI - [A simple calculation for the determination of organ or tissue doses from medical X-ray diagnosis for stomach and chest]. PMID- 6522265 TI - [Observer performance on radiographic images with various spatial frequency compression--photoprinted images]. PMID- 6522266 TI - [Effects of fast neutrons, X-rays and mixed irradiation regimen on C3H mammary tumors and skin of ICR mice]. PMID- 6522267 TI - [An assessment of the mineral content in the femur of patients with chronic renal failure by computed tomography]. PMID- 6522268 TI - [Radiotherapy of carcinoma of the esophagus. Histopathological studies of preoperatively irradiated and autopsy cases]. PMID- 6522269 TI - [Clinical evaluation of serum CEA levels in uterine cervix cancer patients with radiotherapy]. PMID- 6522270 TI - Radiosensitizing effect of combined radiotherapy, hyperthermia and misonidazole on C3H mouse FM3A tumor. PMID- 6522271 TI - [Early skin reaction and recovery following multifractionated gamma irradiation in the preliminarily shaved mouse skin]. PMID- 6522272 TI - [Function scintigraphy of the heart in patients with heart valve diseases]. AB - In 58 patients suffering from either stenosis or insufficiency of a single heart valve, gated blood pool scintigraphy was performed to determine the ejection fraction as well as the peak filling and peak ejection rates. It could be demonstrated that in patients with valvular disorders the ejection fraction was only moderately decreased, generally remaining in the lower reference range. The peak filling and ejection rates showed no pathologic changes with the exception of patients with aortic regurgitation where these rates were significantly decreased. Thus, the estimation of left ventricular peak filling and ejection rates may permit diagnosis of myocardial impairment in patients with valvular disease even under resting conditions. PMID- 6522273 TI - [Animal experiment studies on the functional evaluation of hydronephrosis with non-catheter unilateral determination of 131I-hippuran clearance]. AB - In 64 dogs the influence of a sudden unilateral ureteral obstruction on renal blood flow (RBF), on renal extraction of PAH and 131I-hippurate and on kidney function as determined by clearance methods was studied. By measuring the venous blood flow, using the method of Bretschneider, a decrease of the RBF was observed generally although in some cases the RBF remained constant or even increased. The arterial blood flow, controlled by electromagnetic means, showed a tendency to increase but in some cases remained constant or decreased. In all cases, independent of the reaction of the RBF to acute ureteral obstruction, a significant decrease of the renal extraction of PAH as well as of 131I-hippurate was observed. This decrease of kidney function was found by conventional methods (PAH- and 125I-hippurate clearance in "steady state" technique), whereas by external measurement of the 131I-hippurate clearance different results were obtained leading to the assumption of an increase of renal function. Only if urinary flow was free, the three methods agreed in their results. In kidneys damaged by a longer period of ureteral obstruction, these function tests yielded corresponding values only in the case of unimpaired urinary flow. Following repeated ureteral obstruction, external measurement and conventional methods no longer agreed in kidney function determination. In some cases, by external measurement renal function was determined to be higher before opening the ligation of the ureter as compared to the result achieved thereafter. PMID- 6522274 TI - [Nuclear medicine diagnosis of pulmonary capillary protein leakage]. AB - Pulmonary extravascular albumin extravasation in patients with adult respiratory distress syndrome can be quantified with radionuclide techniques. While imaging procedures with a computerized gamma camera will allow reproducible ROIs, this will be the main limitation in nonimaging measurements with small scintillation probes. Repeated positioning by one operator results in a mean spatial variation of position of about 2 cm and a variation in count rate of 25%. For the estimation of PCPL the small probes must be positioned under scintigraphic control. Under these conditions the results of both techniques are identical. The upper limit of normal was estimated to be 1 x E-5/sec. The standard deviation of abnormal measurements was about 10%. The pulmonary capillary protein leakage can be quantified by radionuclide techniques with good accuracy, using the combination of imaging and nonimaging techniques. PMID- 6522275 TI - [Results of scintigraphic studies with 131I-meta-benzylguanidine in space occupying lesions of neuroectodermal origin]. AB - Between 1982 and 1984, 48 studies with 131I-meta-benzylguanidine were carried out in Erlangen in patients with suspected pheochromocytoma or neuroblastoma. Scintigraphy with MIBG was found to be highly specific. False positive findings can be avoided if with weak uptakes an exact correlation with the results of morphological studies such as CT or sonography is sought and if follow-up observations ensure that they are not caused by activity residues in the biliary, intestinal or urinary pathways. False negative findings are made in 5-10% of the investigations in pheochromocytoma and in 41% of those in neuroblastoma patients. In pheochromocytoma the uptake rates are generally low (1-2%), whereas in neuroblastoma they may reach 10% and more. PMID- 6522277 TI - Twelfth Symposium on Nucleic Acids Chemistry. Kanazawa, Japan, October 30th November 1st, 1984. PMID- 6522276 TI - [Effectiveness of high-dosage radioiodine therapy in the elimination of remnant tissue following total thyroidectomy]. AB - The efficacy of high doses of radioiodine for total ablation of functional remnants left behind after total surgical thyroidectomy for thyroid cancer decreases with the number of treatments as well with the course of therapy. Most effective are 500 mCi of 131I administered in 5 fractions within 3 years. Up to 1000 mCi of 131I delivered within 5 years are still powerful but much less so. All further treatments with high doses of radioiodine are only of diagnostic value for detection of functional metastases with low radioiodine uptake. In about 45% of all patients even excessively high doses of radioiodine failed to ablate all functional residual thyroid tissue. PMID- 6522279 TI - Synthesis of oligonucleotides containing the hypermodified base, alpha putrescinylthymine. AB - Dodecathymidylic acids containing alpha-putrescinylthymidine, 5-methylamino methyl-2'-deoxyuridine and 5-methoxymethyl-2'-deoxyuridine were prepared by the phosphotriester polymer support synthesis. The melting temperatures of the synthetic oligomers-polydeoxyadenylic acid complexes show that the secondary amino group at putrescinylthymidine decreases the thermal stability of complexes and the primary amino group at the putrescinyl residue increases the stability. PMID- 6522278 TI - Studies on oxidative modifications of nucleic acid pyrimidine bases. AB - Oxidation of diacetylthymidine (4), triacetyluridine (5), and 5-fluoro-1,3 dimethyluracil (3) with m-chloroperbenzoic acid and cross-linkage of the bromohydrin (6) with the benzylamine and glycine ethyl ester are described. A Plausible mechanism for formation of oxidation products is also presented. PMID- 6522280 TI - Preparation of RPC-5 like resin for HPLC (Neosorb LC) and its use for the separation of oligonucleotides and mononucleotides. AB - HPLC packing (Neosorb LC), which is an improved alternative resin of RPC-5, was prepared from fine granular Neosorb ND (polychlorotrifuluoroethylene powder) and Adogen 464. Various mononucleotides and oligonucleotides were separated very well by HPLC with this packing depending on the chain length, internucleotidic linkage, base composition, base sequence, and position and number of terminal phosphate residue. PMID- 6522281 TI - A role of elementary interactions between nucleic-acid base and amino-acid side chains in specificity of ribonuclease. AB - Several X-ray structures of model crystals that contain hydroxyl group and nucleic-acid bases suggest that hydroxyl group interacts preferentially with pyrimidines than with purines through hydrogen bonds. This explains a role of Thr 45 and Ser 123 at the B1 site of RNAase A. The stacking energies of nucleic-acid bases with the protonated imidazolyl group are estimated to be in the order of C greater than A greater than G greater than U from 1H-NMR spectra and CNDO/2 calculations. Such interactions, in addition to hydrogen bondings, would stabilize the binding of substrates at the B2 site. PMID- 6522282 TI - Recognition mechanism of tRNA with tRNA(guanosine-2')methyltransferase from Thermus thermophilus HB 27. AB - rRNA(Gm)methyltransferase from an extreme thermophile, Thermus thermophilus HB 27 specifically methylates the 2'-OH of the ribose ring of G18 in the invariant G18 G19 sequence in the D loop of tRNA. The interaction site on tRNA was presumed to be the D loop and stem structure. Destruction of tertiary structure of tRNA caused by heat resulted in a great decrease in the acceptor activity of methyl group. It was suggested by CD measurement that a conformational change of tRNA occurs when it forms an equimolar complex with Gm-methylase. PMID- 6522283 TI - Domain-structure of large monomeric alanyl-tRNA synthetase from Bombyx mori: evidence of a single catalytic domain. AB - Alanyl-tRNA synthetase of 115K dalton from Bombyx mori was cleaved into two fragments of 68K and 47K dalton with trypsin. The 47K fragment was active in aminoacylation of tRNA, whereas the 68K fragment inactive. The 47K and 68K fragments were located at the N- and C- terminal sides, respectively, in the intact enzyme. When the enzyme binds alanine specific tRNA, the tryptic digestion is inhibited. The Km value of the 47K fragment for tRNA was about 16-fold higher than that (1.4 microM) of the intact enzyme. The molecular activities of the 47K fragment and the intact enzyme were 2.2/sec and 16.8/sec, respectively. These results show that 1) Bombyx mori alanyl-tRNA synthetase functions in a monomeric state and 2) the C-terminal domain enhances affinity for tRNA and is responsible for full activity of aminoacylation. PMID- 6522284 TI - Various types of 5s rRNA crystals as studied by X-ray diffraction and electron microscopy. AB - Six different types of 5 S rRNA crystals were obtained using the specimen purified from highly thermophilic bacteria, Thermus thermophilus HB8. The best crystal available diffracts X-rays up to 13A Bragg spacing. One type of crystals was sufficiently thin to be subjected to electron microscopy. Optically filtered images of two different projections exhibit molecular regions distinctly from the medium. Preliminary investigation of packing of the molecules into the unit cell gives some implication of their overall shape. PMID- 6522285 TI - Sequence-dependant polymorphism of DNA duplex in solutions. AB - Raman spectra of six synthetic polydeoxyribonucleotide duplexes with different base sequences have been examined in aqueous solutions with different salt or nucleotide concentrations. Detailed conformational differences have been indicated between B and Z forms of poly[d(G-C)] X poly[d(G-C)], between B forms of poly[d(G-C)] X poly[d(G-C)] and poly[d(G-m5C)] X poly[d(G-m5C)], between A and B forms of poly(dG) X poly(dC), between B and "CsF" forms of poly[d(A-T)] X poly[d(A-T)], between B forms of poly[d(A-U)] X poly[d(A-U)] and poly[d(A-T)] X poly[d(A-T)], and between low- and high-salt (CsF) forms of poly(dA) X poly(dT). The Raman spectrum of calf-thymus DNA in aqueous solution was also observed and was compared with the Raman spectra of its fibers in A, B, and C forms. PMID- 6522286 TI - Biological and chemical properties of left handed Z-DNA. AB - Left handed Z-DNA has been demonstrated to be a stable new conformation which occurs at certain types of DNA sequences in recombinant plasmids. DNA supercoiling, as well as a number of environmental conditions, stabilizes this unusual conformation. The biological significance of left handed DNA will be discussed. PMID- 6522287 TI - Theoretical and experimental approach to recognition of amino acid by tRNA and nucleotide II. AB - Strong and specific interactions between amino acids and their cognate tRNAs have been found by the CD, fluorescence, and UV absorption difference spectroscopy and by the gel-filtration method. New types of strong hydrogen bonding interactions between an amino acid and polynucleotides, nucleotides, nucleosides, and nucleic acid bases in aqueous solution have also been detected. These findings are strong experimental evidence for the C4N model of the genetic code. The cases of glutamate and aspartate will theoretically be discussed in details. PMID- 6522288 TI - Fluorescence labelling of pyrimidine nucleobases and their related compounds for high-performance liquid chromatography. AB - Fluorescence derivatization of pyrimidine nucleobases and nucleosides with 4 bromomethyl-7-methoxycoumarin(Br-Mmc) was studied. In dimethylsulfoxide(DMSO) containing powdered potassium carbonate, the reaction completed within 5 min at room temperature. The excess Br-Mmc was treated with p-nitrobenzoic acid(NBA) which gave a non-fluorescent compound. For the determination of serum sample, diethylaminoethyl sepharose(DEAE) column was used in a cleanup procedure. PMID- 6522289 TI - Synthesis of N1- and N3-glycosyl pyrimidines from protected pyrimidines and halo sugars in the presence of tert-amine. AB - The reaction of N1- and N3-(octylthio)carbonyl pyrimidines with acylglycosyl halides in the presence of tert-amine affords fully protected nucleosides with (N1-C1') and (N3-C1') glycosidic linkages in good yields. The (octylthio)carbonyl and acyl groups are removed stepwise or at once. PMID- 6522291 TI - Electrophilic addition to 5-substituted-6,2'-O-cyclouridines. AB - Halogenation of 5-substituted-6,2'-O-cyclouridines afforded 6,2':6,5'-dianhydro 5,6-dihydro-6, 6-dihydroxy-5-halo-5-substituted-uracil arabinosides. Their steric configurations and mass spectra were also discussed. PMID- 6522290 TI - Deoxyribonucleoside-3',5'-cyclic silanediyl derivatives: formation and properties. AB - Formation of 3',5'-O-(dialkylsilanediyl)deoxyribonucleosides was studied. Treatment of deoxythymidine in DMF with bifunctional silylating reagent such as di-t-butyldichlorosilane and diisopropyldichlorosilane in the presence of imidazole gave the expected silanediyl derivatives. The structure was confirmed mainly by NMR spectroscopy. The stability of these cyclic silyl derivatives toward hydrolysis is also described. PMID- 6522292 TI - Preparation of 8,5'-O-cycloadenosine derivatives by reaction of 2',3'-O isopropylideneadenosine with phenyl chloroformate or p-toluyl chloride. AB - Reaction of 2',3'-O-isopropylideneadenosine with p-toluyl chloride in a mixture of methylene chloride and triethylamine afforded 2',3'-O-isopropylidene-N,N,5'-O tri-p-toluyladenosine (8)(30%), 8,5'-O-cycloadenosine derivatives 9 (34%) and 10 (11%), and a cyanoimidazole nucleoside 11 (12%). PMID- 6522293 TI - Oxidative degradation of thymine with O2 promoted by L-ascorbic acid and Cu(II) ion. AB - Oxidation of thymine with O2 was promoted by copper(I) ion generated from reaction of L-ascorbic acid (AA) with copper (II) ion. The main oxidation products were thymine glycol (TG) and N-formyl-N'-pyruvylurea (FPU). At higher concentration of O2, formation of FPU was favored, while TG was dominant at higher Cu(II) ion and lower O2 concentrations. Reaction mechanism involving hydroxy thyminyl radical was proposed. PMID- 6522294 TI - Systematic synthesis of purine 8,5'-imino and substituted imino cyclonucleosides. AB - To achieve a systematic synthesis of purine 8,5'-imino and substituted imino cyclonucleosides, 2',3'-O-isopropylidene-purinenucleosides substituted with a methylamino (4a,b), benzyl-amino (4c,d,g and h) and allylamino group (4e,f,i and j) at the C8 were synthesized. With these substrates in hand, extensive 8,5' cyclization reactions were carried out using diphenyl carbonate/Et3N (Method A), N,N'-carbonyldiimidazole (Method B) and the Mitsunobu reaction (Method C) to give 8,5'-substituted imino cyclonucleosides (5a,c,d,e,f and g). The yields of cyclization by Method C are generally higher than by the other two methods. 5a, b,c,d,e,f,g and h were deprotected to the corresponding mother compounds 8 through one or two steps. In guanosine series, a new cyclic system comprising an 8,5'-carbamate ester bridge (6a-c) has been introduced. PMID- 6522295 TI - Anti-parasite activity of nucleoside analogues in Leishmania tropica promastigotes. AB - Many nucleoside analogs were screened for anti-protozoa activity on Leishmania tropica in an in vitro culture system. 3'-Deoxyinosine and several tubercidin derivatives were found to be potent inhibitors for growth of the promastigote form of L. tropica. EC50 value of 3'-deoxyinosine was 4.43 X 10(-7)M. This compound was remarkably less toxic towards mouse mammary tumor FM3A cells (EC50, 1.25 X 10(-4) M). 3'-Deoxyinosine is metabolized by Leishmania promastigote to give 3'-deoxyinosine-5'-monophosphate, 3'-deoxy-adenosine(cordycepin)-5'-mono, di , and triphosphates. This means that Leishmania can aminate the 6-position of 3' deoxyinosine-5'-monophosphate, thereby converting it into a highly toxic compound. PMID- 6522296 TI - Inhibitory effects of 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl-5-styryluracil 5'-triphosphates on DNA-dependent DNA polymerases alpha and beta from developing cherry salmon (Oncorhynchus masou) testes: on the approach to the selective affinity chromatography for DNA polymerase alpha. AB - Starting from 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosyluracil, several 5-substituted derivatives were synthesized via 5-mercuri intermediate. The resulting nucleosides were converted into their corresponding 5'-triphosphates and examined for their inhibitory effects on DNA-dependent DNA polymerases alpha and beta from developing cherry salmon (Oncorhynchus masou) testes. The following results were obtained. All the compounds tested showed remarkable inhibitory effects on DNA polymerase alpha, but lesser extent on DNA polymerase beta. The inhibitory action of the hydrophobic 5-substituents against DNA polymerase alpha was stronger than against DNA polymerase beta. For example, Ki/Ki of 5-(E)-3-amino-styryl-Ara UTP is 0.32 and Ki/Km for pol alpha/Ki/Km for pol beta is 0.19. For that reason, we chose this compound as a candidate for a ligand which is applicable to selective affinity chromatography for DNA polymerase alpha. PMID- 6522297 TI - Chemical synthesis and biological activities of partially inosine-substituted 2',5'-oligoadenylates: functional discrimination of three adenine amino groups on 2-5A for the binding to and activation of 2-5A-dependent endonuclease. AB - Binding and activation efficacies to the 2-5A-dependent endonucease by chemically synthesized partially inosine-substituted 2-5A analogs, namely, pppI2'p5'A2'p5'A, pppA2'p5'I2'p5'A and pppA2'p5'A2'p5'I were compared with that of native 2-5A in mouse L cell and human lymphoblastoid cell extracts. The results obtained in this study indicated that the first adenine amino group from the 5' terminus of 2-5A molecule plays critical role in binding to the endonuclease, whereas the third adenine amino group has a function for the activation of this enzyme. PMID- 6522298 TI - A convenient synthesis of adenylyl-(2'----5')-adenylyl-(2'----5')-adenosine (2-5A core). AB - A simple synthesis of adenylyl-(2'----5')-adenylyl (2'----5')-adenosine (2-5A core) has been achieved on the basis of selective 3'-O-silylation of 5'-O-p monomethoxytrityladenosine and chemo-selective formation of the 2'-5' internucleotide linkage using N-unprotected nucleosides. PMID- 6522299 TI - Synthesis of oligoribonucleotides using the methoxyethoxymethyl group as the protecting groups of the base residues and the hydroxyl functions. PMID- 6522300 TI - Syntheses based on the tautomerism of purine and pyrimidine derivatives. AB - Synthetic applications of the tautomerism based on purine and pyrimidine derivatives were investigated. Particularly, chloropyrimidine derivatives, which were reactive enough to go back to the more stable lactam form, were used for dehydration and desulfhydration. Alkoxypyrimidines were thermally cleaved to give olefins or esters, together with the lactim to lactam transformation. The extrusion of alkylthio group from thioalkyl purines or pyrimidines took place under bacic conditions to give olefin, indicating another tautomeric transformation. PMID- 6522301 TI - A rapid internucleotide bond formation for the phosphotriester approach by use of new condensing reagents. AB - Bis(2,4,6-trihalophenyl) phosphorochloridates (TCP and TBP) were found to be effective as condensing reagents for the rapid internucleotidic phoshotriester bond formation. The benzoyl group as the N3-imide protecting group of thymidine was also useful for prevention of the side reaction caused by the active condensing reagents. PMID- 6522302 TI - Synthesis of nucleotide oligomer having amino group in the side chain of internucleotidic bond. AB - A convenient synthesis of d(TpT) derivative having amino group in the side chain of internucleotidic bond was achieved in a high yield using dichlorophosphoramidite as a phosphorylating reagent. PMID- 6522303 TI - [Acute lead tetroxide poisoning]. PMID- 6522304 TI - [A case of acute intermittent porphyria in a patient with malignant neoplasm- diagnostic difficulties and treatment]. PMID- 6522305 TI - [Efficiency of the fibrinolytic system in an early stage of arterial hypertension]. PMID- 6522306 TI - [Mechanism of action of sodium fluoride in patients with osteoporosis]. PMID- 6522307 TI - Symposium on clinical psychopharmacology II. PMID- 6522308 TI - The acute psychiatric diagnostic interview. AB - The general outline of a psychiatric diagnostic interview given in Table 1 includes some broad suggestions for the amount of time to spend on each section. As a structured interview based on a symptom checklist questionnaire yields higher frequency of reports of symptoms, it is advisable to follow this type of format rather than a totally unstructured interview technique. Sim recommends a structured format that lends itself to computerization. Griest and colleagues suggest a computer interview, and there are data supporting the diagnostic accuracy of such a system. Within the framework of any diagnostic interview, a thorough exploration of the 10 critical elements listed in Table 5 is essential for accurate diagnosis. This information, which is usually obtainable in about 30 minutes, will enable the clinician to make a preliminary diagnosis, decide upon pharmacotherapy, and determine if hospitalization is warranted. A more intensive but lengthy and time-consuming structured diagnostic interview is the Schedule for Affective Disorders (SADS), which is more appropriate for inpatients or patients being considered for a research protocol. PMID- 6522309 TI - Methadone and naltrexone in the treatment of heroin dependence. AB - Over the past 20 years, methadone maintenance has been shown to be a safe, effective treatment for large numbers of heroin addicts. The majority of patients derive major benefits while in treatment, most measurably in the areas of decreased use of illicit opiates, diminished criminality, increased levels of employment and more stable interpersonal relationships. An advantage of methadone maintenance over other treatments is that it attracts and retains a relatively large segment of the addict population and is reasonably cost-effective. Naltrexone is well suited as a transitional treatment for individuals who have progressed using methadone maintenance. Patients completing a course of methadone maintenance should be encouraged to use naltrexone during the postmethadone period, when symptoms of protracted abstinence often lead them to reinitiate use of heroin. Those with stable family relationships, good jobs, minimal antisocial behavior, and low drug-craving before beginning a course of naltrexone appear to benefit most from the treatment. Rates of retention improve when naltrexone is used within a comprehensive rehabilitation program. Although addicted individuals are often stereotyped, they are, in fact, a heterogeneous group representing a range of psychopathologies and life situations. Thus, within any one facility, a variety of modalities should be available to allow treatment to be tailored to the individual. No single treatment is best for all patients, and, moreover, the preferred modality for any one individual may change over time as a result of progress in treatment or varying life circumstances. Multimodality programs that include methadone and naltrexone enable the maximal number of individuals to benefit from treatment. PMID- 6522310 TI - Cocaine abuse and its treatment. AB - Increasing numbers of individuals with a diagnosis of cocaine abuse (DSM-III, 305.6) are seeking medical and psychiatric care. The majority of users inhale the drug in powdered form, as cocaine is rapidly absorbed by mucous membranes. The patterns of use resemble those for the use of alcohol and marijuana: recreational, intensified, circumstantial, and compulsive. When cocaine is taken intravenously or by freebasing, individuals are much more vulnerable to developing a compulsive pattern of use that could lead to an organic delusional syndrome. Cocaine causes systemic effects that are similar to those of amphetamine, but they have a much shorter duration of action. Blood pressure, heart rate, feelings of "pleasantness" and "stimulation" are increased, and hunger is decreased. Acute tolerance may develop over hours of continuous use, but it disappears after a short period of abstinence (overnight). In psychomotor testing, performance that is impaired by fatigue is restored to baseline levels. Users like cocaine because they feel more alert, energetic, sociable, and sensual. However, these positive feelings are commonly followed by anxiety, depression, irritability, fatigue, and craving more cocaine. Chronic intoxication is always associated with adverse psychosocial sequelae. Treatment initially must be directed toward the patient's stopping all use of cocaine, employing strategies such as contingency contracts, urinalysis, family intervention, the assignment of financial control to others, or hospitalization. Several psychopharmacologic agents are helpful as an adjunct to a comprehensive treatment plan. Overdoses of cocaine are treated by diazepam and propranolol. Antidepressant medications, both TCAs and MAOIs, often help relieve the symptoms of depression that emerge when chronic use of cocaine is discontinued. Classical and operant conditioning contribute to craving for the drug and opportunities to extinguish these factors are valuable in preventing relapse. Compulsive users often have an Axis II diagnosis of borderline or narcissistic personality disorder, which require long-term psychodynamic psychotherapy. PMID- 6522311 TI - [Incidence of thyroid cancer in scintigraphically cold nodules in patients of the Thyroid Disease Clinic in Gdansk]. PMID- 6522312 TI - [Diagnostic difficulties in subacute sclerosing panencephalitis with sudden onset and atypical clinical course]. PMID- 6522313 TI - [Function and coagulative activity of blood platelets in patients with attacks of transient cerebral ischemia]. PMID- 6522314 TI - [Thyroxine hyperthyroidism (T4-toxicosis)]. PMID- 6522315 TI - [A case of primary splenic neutropenia]. PMID- 6522316 TI - [Reference standards for plasma fibrinogen concentration]. PMID- 6522317 TI - [Epidemiology of obesity and the problem of overweight as a potential health hazard]. PMID- 6522318 TI - [Results of treatment of patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 associated with obesity and gout]. PMID- 6522319 TI - [Study of the peripheral nervous system in diabetes mellitus using the F-wave]. PMID- 6522320 TI - [Patient education in the treatment of diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 6522321 TI - [Guidelines for introducing new drugs for medical use in Poland and control of their quality]. PMID- 6522322 TI - [Disorders of pharmacokinetics in pathological states and their clinical significance]. PMID- 6522323 TI - [Genetically determined disorders of pharmacokinetics and their clinical significance]. PMID- 6522325 TI - [Use of drugs in children with renal failure]. PMID- 6522324 TI - [Interaction of digoxin with cephradine (Sefril), tetracycline (Tetracyclinum), gentamicin (Gentamycin) and vancomycin (Vancocin)]. PMID- 6522326 TI - Morphometry in pathology: another look at diagnostic histopathology. AB - Histopathology is crucial for diagnostic and therapeutic decisions in many disease states. The created classifications, however, have not always allowed explicit recognition of diagnostic categories. So, considerable intra- and interobserver variations are possible under diagnostic circumstances. Better reproducibility can be reached by applying other than traditional methods. These include morphometry as well as special stains, electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry. Morphometry is basic in that in detects structural and morphological aberrations in samples prepared by other methods and without doubt brings the element of accuracy to support the diagnostic decision. Morphometric approach includes item classification and grading, point counting and intersection counting methods, and the use of various semiautomatic or automatic instruments. In statistical morphometry morphometrical parameters are collected from several disease cases. Such data reinforced with prognostic follow-ups are the basis for disease classification. Diagnostic morphometry, on the other hand, tries to study the sample of one individual and give relevant data for diagnostic decisions. Morphometric methods allow estimation of the limits of possible performance in histopathology, estimation of human performance in the diagnostic process and estimation of the influence of interfering human factors. Diagnostic decisions as well as decisions linked with therapy are basically probabilistic. Also the data collected by diagnostic morphometry should be linked with probabilistic estimates of the prognostic relevance of the findings. Education of histopathology should be developed to meet these demands, both at elementary medical level and at postgraduate medical level. Education of morphometry can be incorporated into the medical curricula as shown by the experience at the University of Kuopio where aspects of morphometry are taught during histopathology course and special postgraduate courses have been arranged. PMID- 6522327 TI - Basic points in and practical aspects of the application of diagnostic morphometry. AB - The number of applications of diagnostic morphometry is rapidly increasing. We have routinely used this technique for more than four years in our laboratory. Essential points in the application are: the type of lesions to which it is applied, multivariate analysis instead of single variate analysis and selection by a skilled pathologist of the relevant microscopical features. Such selective morphometry is useful in up to four percent of the total material entering an average pathology laboratory; in teaching laboratories the percentage may be considerably higher (e.g. 10-12%). Most of the applications are found in tumourpathology, but applications in non-tumor pathology are also promising. It is expected that diagnostic morphometry will become widely available and accepted in the next three to five years. Special symposia, diagnostic courses and organization of interested pathologists within the framework of the diagnostic morphometry workgroup of the European Society of Pathology is expected to be of help in this direction. Highly automatic, yet interactive, methods will become available within the next five to ten years. Further acceptance of these methods in most laboratories by 1990 is likely. A modular setup of quantitative microscopy equipment therefore is advisable. Turn-key, dedicated instruments for well-defined diagnostic problems are another (future) possibility. The diagnostic morphometry process as a product requires support and quality control. The pathologist is responsible for this and diagnostic morphometry should be seen as an integrated part of the diagnostic process. PMID- 6522328 TI - Diagnostic morphometry of the adult respiratory distress syndrome (shock lung). AB - In the pathogenesis of "shock lung", the morphometric analysis allows us to determine the "point of no return" when the exudative alveolitis turns into the life-threatening sclerosing form. In addition, we found that this "point of no return" is reached much earlier in septic than in traumatic shock. Our studies confirm that the term "shock lung" should not be simply substituted for "respiratory lung". Based on our morphometric methods, we conclude that shock induced pulmonary fibrosis differs with regard to its functional pathogenesis from the non-shock-induced type of fibrosis. PMID- 6522329 TI - Morphometry of lymphoid organs in health and disease. AB - Structural modification of lymph nodes in bronchogenic carcinoma, thymus cortex as a function of age, area and form factors of lymphoid cell nuclei in lymphomas and of epithelioid cell nuclei in tuberculosis and sarcoidosis have been measured by means of test point and/or image semiautomated analyzer. PMID- 6522330 TI - A general model for the light and electron microscopic morphometry/stereology (M & S) of precancerous epithelial transformation using clinical biopsies. AB - A morphometric model is presented which has proved valuable in the analysis of precancerous lesions at the light and electron microscopic level. The material consisted of biopsies of nasal mucosa embedded in plastic and sectioned perpendicular to the luminal surface. Sampling was restricted to the basal layer in order to compare in the different metaplastic and dysplastic stages a common cell type which is easy to identify in all stages and to reduce the workload. The application of digitizers, classical point counting procedures and linear parameters all allow a good separation between the different types of epithelium. The latter method is especially advisable in diagnostic pathology since the workload becomes drastically reduced as a consequence of linear instead of area parameters (e.g. cell width, i.e. contract zone with basement membrane, instead of cell size) and classifying instead of counting points. A 3-class ruler served for the estimation of the transverse diameters of nuclei, cell width and the sum of the longitudinal and transverse nucleolar axes. The use of a weighted index is more sensitive than simple measurements. The reliability of the method was also tested in a prospective study in which the biopsies were first analyzed by morphometry. The agreement between the prior morphometric classification and the subsequent histologic classification was 91%. The results demonstrate that basal cells alone carry the information for grading metaplastic and dysplastic changes in epithelium.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6522331 TI - Karyometry by automated image analysis. Application to precancerous lesions. AB - Many works have shown a high frequency of increased nuclear DNA contents in various precancerous lesions. The true nuclear sizes, which are known to be well correlated with DNA values, may be stereologically estimated from nuclear profile data on tissue sections. Therefore, karyometry, which may be effected very efficiently by automated image analysis, offers an attractive choice when studying sections, in which photometric DNA evaluations are often unreliable. Prerequisites are Feulgen-stained slides and a stringent standardization of all histological procedures. Very few karyometric studies have been done on precancerous lesions. Automated image analysis has seldom been used for nuclear profile data gathering on sections. Suitable stereological models are necessary. The best-known are those for spherical nuclei, which allow an estimation of the size-distribution ('unfolding'). A specific model for parallel-oriented spheroids is particularly suitable for epithelial nuclei. It yields many stereological parameter estimations but does not yet allow a size-shape unfolding. We have used the model for parallel spheroids on nasal epithelial biopsies from nickel workers. The nuclear dimensions are usually clearly increased in metaplasia and dysplasia. Some rare dysplastic zones, however, present a major contribution of normal-sized nuclei, and this may have a prognostic significance. Our model may be applied to other epithelia. A new sphere unfolding model has been used on liver sections from Farber-protocol-treated rats. Compared to normal livers, where tetraploid nuclei predominate over diploid ones, transitional cell zones show an overwhelming predominance of diploid nuclei, and hyperplastic precancerous nodules have various degrees of non-modal and high-value ploidies. Karyometry may help to determine which lesions should be considered as possible premalignancies. PMID- 6522332 TI - Morphometry in endocrine pathology. AB - The most important purposes of morphometry in endocrine pathology are described. With the introduction of immunocytochemical techniques by Sternberger in 1969 a new field for detailed morphometric analysis in endocrine pathology was opened. The application of morphometry in combination with the immunocytochemical staining of cells is illustrated by studies of the role of gastrin and gastric secretion in the etiology of duodenal ulcer. For such studies morphologic alterations have to be quantified. Morphometry as an instrument for characterizing diseases has been used in various fields, e.g. to analyse nesidioblastosis, diabetes mellitus or papillary carcinomas of the thyroid gland. PMID- 6522333 TI - Deposition of bauxite dust and pulmonary fibrosis. AB - In a 70 years old worker in the bauxite industry in Surinam, who died of myocardial infarction, bauxite deposits were found in the lung in areas of mild pulmonary fibrosis. The identification and the localization within these areas of the bauxite deposits was determined by a histochemical mineralization technique and by scanning electron microscopy and electron microprobe analysis. The possible relationship between the presence of bauxite in the lung tissue and the pulmonary fibrosis is discussed. PMID- 6522334 TI - Lysosomal modifications in human proximal tubule induced by aminoglycoside treatment: visualisation by light microscopical cytochemistry. AB - In cryostat sections of kidney biopsies, lysosomes were visualized for light microscopy by staining for acid phosphatase. Twenty patients treated with the antibiotics gentamycin, tobramycin, amikacin or netelmicin during four days were compared to ten untreated control biopsies. Because of the marked heterogeneity of enzyme reaction product through the nephron, the most strongly stained tubular sections were used for comparison. With the exception of one biopsy, all treated kidneys display heavier staining than all controls; the difference is significant. Biochemical assays of acid phosphatase activity in homogenates have not revealed this difference. The cytochemical method may be used to detect early alterations caused by nephrotoxic drugs. PMID- 6522335 TI - The future of tumor pathology. Invited paper. IXth European Congress of Pathology September 1983. PMID- 6522336 TI - [Clinical aspects and therapy of spontaneous pneumothorax]. PMID- 6522337 TI - [Modification of adrenaline and noradrenaline levels by stress in air and oxygen breathing in patients with chronic obstructive ventilation disorders]. PMID- 6522338 TI - [Transcutaneous determination of oxygen partial pressure in standardized stress and hyperoxia conditions in children]. PMID- 6522339 TI - [Roentgenologic structure changes in the lung following paraquat poisoning]. PMID- 6522340 TI - [Protection data and research: conflicts and solutions]. PMID- 6522341 TI - [Juvenile delinquency. An empirical study on the effect of risk factors, parental rearing behavior, orientation, self concept and moral judgment]. PMID- 6522343 TI - [Neurotic children in the special school--therapeutic influences and problems]. PMID- 6522342 TI - [Foster parents in role conflict--tasks of the psychologic care of foster families]. PMID- 6522344 TI - Psychological reactions to fetoscopy: a controlled study. AB - Twenty woman at risk of carrying a fetus with homozygous beta-thalassemia who underwent fetoscopy and a matched control group of pregnant women were administered the Symptom Questionnaire to evaluate changes in distress. Women who were offered fetoscopy had significantly more anxiety, depression, somatic symptoms and hostility than the control group. Psychological distress significantly decreased after the results of fetoscopy were communicated to the patient, and the decrease was similar in normal control women. Five other patients had a diagnosis of homozygous beta-thalassaemia and their pregnancies were terminated. Their psychological distress increased when they learned the outcome of fetoscopy, but decreased again after termination. Psychological reactions to fetoscopy and amniocentesis appear to be similar, yet women who undergo fetoscopy suffer from more psychological distress. PMID- 6522345 TI - Glial fibrillary acidic protein in amniotic fluids from pregnancies with fetal neural tube defects. AB - The glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) is the subunit protein of intermediate filaments in astrocytes and closely related cell types. By means of an enzyme immunoassay we have determined the concentration of GFAP in amniotic fluids from normal pregnancies and from pregnancies complicated by various fetal malformations. The group of 20 cases of fetal anencephaly had a significantly higher mean amniotic fluid GFAP concentration (115 micrograms/l +/- 133.6 (S.D.), range 6-378 micrograms/l) than the control group of 117 normal pregnancies (13 micrograms/l +/- 5.5 (S.D.), range 0-31 micrograms/l), (P less than 0.001). Two cases of fetal encephalocele likewise had very high amniotic fluid GFAP concentrations. None of the other cases of fetal malformations investigated, including 12 cases of spina bifida, had increased amniotic fluid GFAP concentrations. We conclude that determination of the amniotic fluid GFAP concentration may give additional information in the prenatal diagnosis of fetal nervous system malformations. PMID- 6522346 TI - Trisomy 20 mosaicism. AB - A further case of trisomy 20 mosaicism found at amniocentesis is presented. Pregnancy was terminated, the fetus showed facial dysmorphia and minor cardial and renal anomalies. 19 published reports of true trisomy 20 mosaicism at amniocentesis are reviewed. Five pregnancies resulted in obviously normal newborns. The significance of mostly minor anomalies found at autopsy of 7 fetuses remains unclear. With regard to genetic counselling the significance of trisomy 20 mosaicism is summarized as follows: (1) true trisomy 20 mosaicism in amniotic fluid cells reflects mosaicism of the fetus; (2) severe malformation is not a major feature of trisomy 20 mosaicism; (3) the risk of mental retardation is still undetermined, due to limited experience. However, there is no definite proof that the condition is harmful at all. PMID- 6522347 TI - Prenatal diagnosis of cystic fibrosis using a monoclonal antibody specific for intestinal alkaline phosphatase. AB - A monoclonal antibody (AAP-1), specific for the intestinal isoenzyme of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), has been used to develop an immunoassay for amniotic fluid samples. Values in the immunoassay correlated closely with those obtained by direct determination of phenylalanine-inhibitable ALP. A panel of 124 control second-trimester amniotic fluids and 21 fluids with a 1 in 4 risk of a cystic fibrosis fetus were examined in the immunoassay. Eight of 10 affected cases had values below an arbitrary cut-off of one third median, while all the non-affected cases were above this level. Almost identical results were obtained by enzymatic determination of phenylalanine-inhibitable ALP. However, in both systems the false positive rate (control fluids with values below one third median), was unacceptably high. It is pointed out that at present the most effective system for the prenatal diagnosis of cystic fibrosis is achieved by measuring the ratio of intestinal to total ALP in amniotic fluid supernatants. This is probably best effected by enzymatic assay in the presence of phenylalanine and homoarginine inhibition. PMID- 6522348 TI - A culture vessel for amniotic fluid cells allowing faster preparation of chromosome slides. AB - A new culture vessel for amniotic fluid culture is presented (flaskette). It consists of a microscope slide, on top of which a culture chamber is mounted. Amniotic fluid cell cultures using in situ technique in the flaskette were compared to subcultured samples in ordinary (Falcon) tissue culture bottles. Working time was reduced by using this new culture vessel because of a very simple harvest procedure, allowing simultaneous harvest of 15 samples. The interval between amniocentesis and harvest was shorter for the in situ technique than for the subcultivation technique. The frequency of aneuploidy in individual metaphases was higher with the subcultivation technique, while there was no difference in the frequency of structural anomalies. PMID- 6522350 TI - A confirmed prenatal diagnosis of a female fetus with the fragile X chromosome. PMID- 6522349 TI - Pericentric inversion of the Y chromosome and prenatal diagnosis. AB - Pericentric inversion of the human Y chromosome has been estimated to occur with a frequency of 1-2 per thousand in various populations, and the results of this study, derived from over 12 000 prenatal diagnosis cases, is 1.15 per 1000. In these cases, it was concluded that there was no clinical significance because the fathers and male fetuses had the same pericentric inversion. Chromosome analysis of the father is advisable to determine whether or not the inversion is familial in order to be able to provide genetic counselling. PMID- 6522351 TI - [Pathogenesis of macrohematuria in IgA nephritis]. PMID- 6522352 TI - [The mucoid granuloma of the gastric mucosa]. PMID- 6522353 TI - Villitis of unknown aetiology: its incidence and significance in placentae from a British population. AB - A histological study of 1000 randomly selected placentae from women delivered in Manchester, UK, revealed 136 cases of villitis; this is a higher incidence than that recorded in Australia and North America but lower than that noted in South America. There were no obvious clinical differences between mothers whose placentae showed a villitis and those in a control group whose placentae were free of villitis. As in other studies, there was an association between the presence of a villitis, particularly severe villitis, and fetal intrauterine growth retardation. The nature of this association cannot, however, be clarified until the aetiology of villitis is determined. PMID- 6522354 TI - Morphological changes in the umbilical arteries of babies born to pre-eclamptic mothers: an ultrastructural study. AB - The umbilical arteries of babies from ten normal pregnancies and from ten babies born to pre-eclamptic mothers were studied. Ultrastructurally, there were marked abnormalities of umbilical arterial morphology in the pre-eclamptic group. A loss of intercellular junctions, distension of the endoplasmic reticulum and an increase in cell organelles in the endothelial cells leading to a partial de endothelialization was noted. Smooth muscle cells showed the morphological features of metabolic activation. These ultrastructural findings can be attributed to fetal hypoxia and to disturbances in cellular lipid metabolism; they suggest that there may be an abnormal fetal arterial blood flow in maternal pre-eclampsia. PMID- 6522355 TI - An electron microscopic study of the chorioallantoic placenta and the subplacenta of the cane rat (Thryonomys swinderianus Temminck). AB - The ultrastructure of the cane rate chorio-allantoic placenta has been studied. In its thinnest regions the interhaemal membrane is composed of a single layer of syncytiotrophoblast, a common basal lamina, and the fetal capillary endothelium. Hence this is a haemomonochorial placenta. The cytotrophoblastic cells show many mitotic figures but they are never seen directly bounding the maternal blood spaces. The syncytiotrophoblast of the spongy zone is rich in dilated cisterns of granular endoplasmic reticulum and is also characterized by many 'intrasyncytial canaliculi'. The subplacenta consists of both cytotrophoblast and syncytiotrophoblast. The syncytiotrophoblast has numerous short microvilli projecting into the intercellular spaces, granular endoplasmic reticulum, a well developed Golgi complex, and numerous electron-dense granules of uniform size. The intercellular spaces or lacunae contain a precipitate of moderate electron density which is similar in texture to the intracellular precipitate in the 'brush border' region of the syncytiotrophoblast. The similarities between the ultrastructure of the cane rat placenta and those of the guinea pig and chinchilla are discussed. PMID- 6522356 TI - Relationship of maternal and fetal levels of human placental lactogen to the weight and sex of the fetus. AB - In a study of 101 patients at term, the maternal and umbilical cord artery and vein levels of human placental lactogen (hPL) were correlated against the sex and birthweight of the fetus. No difference in hPL levels was found between cord artery and vein. The maternal hPL level correlated well with the delivered weight of the child, but no relationship could be demonstrated in the case of umbilical cord blood. Pregnancies with a female child had a higher level of hPL, which was significant only in cord samples. PMID- 6522357 TI - The human placenta does not contain lipofuscin pigment. AB - Autofluorescent granules are present in the villous syncytiotrophoblast of the human placenta, most prominently during the first trimester. These granules differ in both size and hue from classical lipofuscin granules, have different staining characteristics, and are shown by electron microscopy to be syncytial lipid droplets. It is concluded that previous reports of the presence of lipofuscin pigment in the placenta are unfounded. PMID- 6522359 TI - [Quantitative determination of total mitochondrial protein with Coomassie]. AB - The mechanism of Coomassie interaction with proteins was being studied. Under certain conditions the range of detectible polypeptides can be wider. For protein analysis in mitochondria we have suggested a new component ratio for the Bradford reagent. A correction for mitochondrial protein was determined, which should be made on using bovine serum albumin as a standard. PMID- 6522360 TI - [Characteristics of the outpatient reception of the adult population in tuberculosis dispensaries]. PMID- 6522358 TI - [The effect of nitrofurans on the membrane apparatus of coccal bacteria]. AB - Secondary membrane effects on the membrane apparatus of coccus bacteria were being studied. Cultivation of Micrococcus lysodeikticus and Staphylococcus aureus cells on subbacteriostatic concentrations of nitrofurans results in a lower biosynthesis of many membrane proteins, as well as in inhibiting the activity of respiratory enzymes, i. e. the specific concentration of cytochromes and specific activity of NADH-, malate-, lactate oxidases and some reductases drop. Some cytological changes were revealed, when cells were grown on solafur, furazolidone, and furacriline. PMID- 6522361 TI - [Value of various biochemical tests in determining the activity of the tuberculous process]. PMID- 6522362 TI - [Lipid peroxidation in patients with both pulmonary tuberculosis and diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 6522363 TI - [Prostaglandin system in newly diagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis]. PMID- 6522364 TI - [Clinical features of newly diagnoses siderosilicotuberculosis among miners]. PMID- 6522365 TI - [Electroroentgenography in the supplementary examination of patients with coniotuberculosis detected on preventive fluorography]. PMID- 6522366 TI - [Use of the immunocytoadherence test in the examination of children and adolescents with chronic nonspecific lung diseases]. PMID- 6522367 TI - [Tuberculosis of the spleen]. PMID- 6522368 TI - [Indices of metabolic processes in the connective tissue of patients with infiltrative pulmonary tuberculosis]. PMID- 6522369 TI - [Biochemical factors involved in atherogenesis in pulmonary tuberculosis]. PMID- 6522370 TI - [Antigenicity of connective tissue in pulmonary tuberculosis: autoantibodies to collagen and their clinical significance]. PMID- 6522371 TI - [Causes of death among tuberculosis patients (according to the findings of a unified phthisiatric prosectorium from 1981 to 1983)]. PMID- 6522372 TI - [Concentration of sulfur compounds in the urine of pulmonary tuberculosis patients]. PMID- 6522373 TI - [Case of necrotizing sarcoid-like granulomatosis associated with a tuberculous lesion of the lungs]. PMID- 6522374 TI - [Localization and clinical picture of adenogenic pulmonary tuberculosis in adults]. PMID- 6522375 TI - [Relation between the course and efficacy of treating tuberculosis and the quality of the preceding fluorographic examination]. PMID- 6522376 TI - [Interrelations between human and bovine tuberculosis]. PMID- 6522377 TI - [Roentgenosemeiotics of lesions of the respiratory organs in extrinsic allergic alveolitis (bird fancier's lung)]. PMID- 6522378 TI - [Transbronchial biopsy in the diagnosis of disseminated and interstitial lung diseases]. PMID- 6522379 TI - [Diagnosis of diffuse interstitial lung diseases]. PMID- 6522380 TI - [Pulmonary hypertension in diffuse fibrosing alveolitis]. PMID- 6522381 TI - [Effect of various aggravating factors on the effectiveness of treatment of newly detected pulmonary tuberculosis in rural and urban areas]. PMID- 6522382 TI - [Respiratory mechanics in patients with chronic nonspecific lung diseases]. PMID- 6522383 TI - [Roentgenological diagnosis of Williams-Campbell syndrome]. PMID- 6522384 TI - [Oxygen therapy of respiratory insufficiency in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis]. PMID- 6522385 TI - [Effectiveness of the complex treatment of patients with sarcoidosis of the respiratory organs]. PMID- 6522386 TI - [Treatment of alcoholic psychoses in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis and chronic alcoholism in a tuberculosis hospital]. PMID- 6522387 TI - [Electron-microscopy study of the lungs in acute experimental respiratory insufficiency treated by extracorporeal membrane oxygenation]. PMID- 6522388 TI - [Recurrence of tuberculosis of the respiratory organs]. PMID- 6522390 TI - [Present-day problems of tuberculosis mortality]. PMID- 6522389 TI - [Case of "steroid" tuberculosis in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus, simulating metastatic tumor]. PMID- 6522391 TI - Mandibular dysfunction in patients with muscle contraction headache. PMID- 6522392 TI - Mandibular dysfunction in patients with migraine. PMID- 6522393 TI - Chondromyxoid fibroma of the mandible. Ultrastructural comparison with a typical chondromyxoid fibroma of the femur. PMID- 6522394 TI - Different surface finishing methods of dental materials compared with contact angle measurements and ESCA. PMID- 6522395 TI - Effect of wartime conditions on dental health forty years later. PMID- 6522396 TI - Congenital aplasia of four permanent cuspids. A case report. PMID- 6522397 TI - [Effect of X and Y chromosomes on growth]. PMID- 6522398 TI - Electrostatic interactions in membrane proteins. PMID- 6522399 TI - Aneural organisms as a model system for the study of information transduction in biological membranes. PMID- 6522400 TI - Genetic demonstration of a sensory rhodopsin in bacteria. PMID- 6522401 TI - Acetylcholine receptors: introductory remarks. PMID- 6522402 TI - Infrared studies of the photocycle of bacteriorhodopsin. PMID- 6522403 TI - Bacteriorhodopsin. PMID- 6522404 TI - Relationship between potassium conductance and transport in renal tubular epithelium. PMID- 6522405 TI - Regulatory role of calcium in sodium transport. PMID- 6522406 TI - Mechanisms involved in the reabsorption of salicylate in the proximal tubule of rabbits. PMID- 6522407 TI - Photochemical reactions of halorhodopsin and slow-rhodopsin. PMID- 6522408 TI - Reconstitution of halorhodopsin in black lipid membranes. PMID- 6522409 TI - [The adsorption of cationic amphiphilic drugs on antacids and adsorbents]. PMID- 6522410 TI - [Viscoelasticity of tablets during static load]. PMID- 6522411 TI - Investigations on the antimicrobial activity of branched esters of 1,3 dihydroxybutane. PMID- 6522412 TI - Glycyrrhizin as a vehicle for the application of triamcynolone in the treatment of recurrent aphthous stomatitis. PMID- 6522413 TI - Gas chromatographic determination of thimerosal in pharmaceutical formulations. PMID- 6522414 TI - Effect of pregnenolone-16 alpha-carbonitrile and other microsomal enzyme inducers on drug metabolism and some parameters of adjuvant induced disease in rats. PMID- 6522416 TI - Lack of preference for flurazepam in normal volunteers. AB - The reinforcing efficacy of flurazepam (15 and 30 mg) in humans was assessed using an experimental choice procedure. Twelve healthy volunteers were tested in two 3-week choice experiments, in which each dose of the drug was compared to placebo. Subjective effects of the drug (and placebo) were monitored using the Profile of Mood States and a 49-item version of the Addiction Research Center Inventory. The lower dose of flurazepam was chosen equally as often as placebo and produced no significant subjective effects. The higher dose (30 mg) was chosen significantly less often than chance, and produced typical tranquilizer like effects (e.g., sedation). These results are consistent with previous results using other benzodiazepines such as diazepam and lorazepam, and suggest that the reinforcing efficacy of these drugs in normal volunteers is low. PMID- 6522415 TI - Circling and bodily asymmetry induced by injection of GABA agonists and antagonists into the superior colliculus. AB - The observation that ipsiversive circling follows unilateral lesions of the deep layers of the superior colliculus (DLSC), combined with the recent demonstration of an ipsilateral inhibitory GABAergic projection from substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNr) to the DLSC suggests a role for tectal GABA in circling behavior. In the present experiment, GABA, the GABA agonist muscimol, and the GABA antagonists picrotoxin and bicuculline were injected into the DLSC through chronic cannulae. GABA and muscimol produced significantly higher ipsiversive circling and bodily asymmetry than saline injections. Picrotoxin and bicuculline resulted in significantly higher contraversive circling and asymmetry than saline injections. All drugs except bicuculline produced dose-dependent circling. GABA injections were also made into the mesencephalic reticular formation (MRF) and the periaqueductal gray (PAG). The MRF injections produced the same degree of circling and asymmetry as the DLSC injections. The PAG injections resulted in significantly lower amounts of circling than the DLSC GABA injections, but they resulted in equivalent measures of asymmetry. These results demonstrate that DLSC GABA produces circling and asymmetry, and suggest that the DLSC as well as the MRF serve as output stations for the expression of circling behavior initiated at the striatum. PMID- 6522417 TI - Caffeine and nicotine: differential effects on ambulation, rearing and wheelrunning. AB - Male Sprague Dawley rats were tested for open field ambulation and rearing, and for wheelrunning, following repeated injections of either caffeine or nicotine, given according to a Latin Square design. Caffeine enhanced ambulation and rearing at 5 and 15 mg/kg, IP, and increased wheelrunning with 15 and 45 mg/kg. Nicotine (0.63 mg/kg) also enhanced ambulation, but not rearing, and depressed wheelrunning during the first 20 min of testing. Caffeine's enhancement of wheelrunning was not significant during the first two drug administrations. Results suggest that caffeine and nicotine affect activity via different neuropharmacological mechanisms. Previous experience with these drugs may modulate animals' reactivity to them. PMID- 6522418 TI - Structure-activity studies on amphetamine analogs using drug discrimination methodology. AB - Animals (rats) trained to discriminate 1.0 mg/kg of S(+)-amphetamine sulfate from saline, using a standard operant training procedure, were administered doses of various amphetamine analogs in tests of stimulus generalization in order to study structure-activity relationships (SAR). The types of structural variation of the amphetamine molecule that were investigated included (a) benz-fusion of the aromatic nucleus, (b) alpha-demethylation of the alkyl side chain, (c) conversion of the benzylic methylene to a carbonyl group, and (d) conformational restriction of the side chain. Benz-fusion and alpha-demethylation appear to have a detrimental effect on activity in that none of these analogs produced amphetamine appropriate responding. However, the carbonylated analog, i.e., cathinone, was found to be equipotent with amphetamine. Furthermore, as with amphetamine, the S isomer of cathinone was found to be more active than its enantiomer. With respect to the conformationally-restricted analogs, the most potent compound was 2 aminotetralin which was about half as active as racemic amphetamine. PMID- 6522419 TI - Determinants of puff duration in cigarette smokers: II. AB - Studies were conducted to provide information about variables that might account for decreases in puff duration that consistently occur as a whole cigarette is smoked. In two experiments, cigarette smoking was investigated under conditions in which subjects smoked cigarettes which they could not see. Puff duration was shown to covary with manipulations of resistance to draw--increasing tobacco rod length or adding filters proximal or distal to the smoke stream increased puff duration. Filtration of the smoke stream did not influence puff duration when resistance to draw was controlled. Comparison of changes in smoke temperature with changes in puff duration across a whole cigarette, and manipulation of smoke temperature by use of different length cigarette holders suggested that temperature did not appreciably control puff duration. A final experiment with nonhuman stimulated puffing of constant puff volume showed that both tobacco rod length and cigarette brand affected puff duration and suggests the possibility that the physics of smoke passing through the cigarette may be fundamental determinant of changes in puff duration during human smoking. PMID- 6522420 TI - Reassessing morphine effects in cats: I. Specific behavioral responses in intact and unilaterally brain-lesioned animals. AB - Behavioral responses to single low doses of morphine (0.5-3.0 mg/kg IP) were measured in intact cats and in cats with removal of one cerebral hemisphere or one caudate nucleus. Responses were dose-dependent and formed 3 stages: (1) autonomic stage (0-15 min postdrug): with vocalization, salivation, licking, swallowing, retching and vomiting; (2) quiet stage (15-60 min postdrug): sitting, fixed gaze, mydriasis, and pricked pinnae; (3) head movement stage (from 30-60 min postdrug and decreasing by the 5th hr): fully aroused but mostly sitting; showing discrete, complex head movements of a visual-tracking type with pouncing/avoidance paw movements, and with irregular, dose-dependent bouts of rocking, pivoting, and backing. Sleep, grooming, micturition and defecation were suppressed. In hemispherectomized cats the frequency of head movements was increased only towards the side of the ablation, and there was a strong bias for body turning to that side together with a significant bias to move the ispilateral paw. None of these biases were significant in cats with a unilateral caudate ablation. We conclude that the cat is an excellent model for behavioral morphine studies when dose levels below those inducing "feline mania" are used. CNS sites underlying these responses are discussed. PMID- 6522421 TI - A diallel analysis of nicotine-induced hypothermia. AB - The hypothermic responses of mice that occur after acute injection of nicotine show genetic influences. The body temperatures of mice of all five strains tested decreased after injection of either 0.75 or 1.5 mg/kg nicotine, but mice of the C3H strain were less affected than were those of the DBA, BALB, or C57BL strains. Mice of the A strain were the most sensitive to nicotine's effects. Genetic effects on nicotine-induced hypothermia were further examined using a five-by five diallel cross. Additive genetic variance occurred at both nicotine doses. Substantial dominance variance, including directional dominance toward a large hypothermic response induced by injection of a low dose of nicotine (0.75 mg/kg), suggested that an intense response to a low drug dose is adaptive. The directional dominance was absent after treatment with a high dose (1.5 mg/kg) of the drug. Epistatic interactions occurring in crosses involving C57BL mice were pronounced. PMID- 6522422 TI - Rotation and postural deviation elicited by microinjections of dopamine into medial and lateral regions of dorsal striatum. AB - Unilateral microinjections of DA (25 micrograms/0.25 microliter) into several medial to lateral regions of the dorsal striatum of female rats produced both contralateral postural deviation and rotation. However, injections of DA into the medial striatum were more effective in producing rotation than postural deviation, whereas the opposite was the case for lateral striatal injections. PMID- 6522423 TI - Alkali metals: an update. PMID- 6522424 TI - The high pH therapy for cancer tests on mice and humans. AB - Mass spectrographic and isotope studies have shown that potassium, rubidium, and especially cesium are most efficiently taken up by cancer cells. This uptake was enhanced by Vitamins A and C as well as salts of zinc and selenium. The quantity of cesium taken up was sufficient to raise the cell to the 8 pH range. Where cell mitosis ceases and the life of the cell is short. Tests on mice fed cesium and rubidium showed marked shrinkage in the tumor masses within 2 weeks. In addition, the mice showed none of the side effects of cancer. Tests have been carried out on over 30 humans. In each case the tumor masses disappeared. Also all pains and effects associated with cancer disappeared within 12 to 36 hr; the more chemotherapy and morphine the patient had taken, the longer the withdrawal period. Studies of the food intake in areas where the incidences of cancer are very low showed that it met the requirements for the high pH therapy. PMID- 6522425 TI - Cardiorespiratory responses to intestinal injection of carbon monoxide. AB - Experiments were conducted to investigate whether direct, intestinal injection of carbon monoxide (CO) can be used as a reliable method of exposing rats to CO. Laboratory rats were anesthetized with urethane. A laparotomy was performed and the small intestine isolated. The pylorus and ileocaecal valve were ligated and air or 100% CO (75 ml/kg) was injected directly into the small intestine. Heart rate and respiratory rate were monitored by impedance pneumography. COHb and blood lactate concentrations were determined spectrophotometrically. CO was rapidly absorbed from the intestinal tract and COHb levels reached 70.9 +/- 1.3% one hr after treatment. After 45 min, heart rate decreased in the CO-injected animals to 86% of pre-injection value. Blood pressure decreased rapidly to levels significantly lower than controls 5 min after treatment. Respiratory rate decreased to levels significantly lower than controls 55 min after treatment. CO treatment resulted in a 4-fold increase in blood lactate concentration. The results indicate that 100% CO injected directly into the small intestine is absorbed rapidly and the resulting elevated COHb levels cause a rapid decrease in blood pressure, a decrease in heart and respiratory rates, and an increase in the blood's lactic acid concentration. PMID- 6522426 TI - The Lithium Information Center: an efficient information service. AB - The Lithium Information Center is described as a response to the accelerated growth of information regarding a specific health care topic. The authors describe the body of literature that is managed by the Lithium Information Center, discuss how that information is stored and retrieved, indicate the advantages of this kind of information management compared to other health care information services, and note extraordinary peripheral ways in which the Center contributes to the continued growth of useful information about lithium and its therapeutic uses. It is concluded that the Center might be used as a model for others who wish to manage literature of content areas in which interest is increasing rapidly. PMID- 6522427 TI - Cesium therapy in cancer patients. AB - The effect of cesium therapy on various cancers is reported. A total of 50 patients were treated over a 3 year period with CsCl. The majority of the patients have been unresponsive to previous maximal modalities of cancer treatment and were considered terminal cases. The Cs-treatment consisted of CsCl in addition to some vitamins, minerals, chelating agents and salts of selenium, potassium and magnesium. In addition, a special diet was also instituted. There was an impressive 50% recovery of various cancers, i.e., cancer of unknown primary, breast, colon, prostate, pancrease, lung, liver, lymphoma, ewing sarcoma of the pelvis and adeno-cancer of the gallbladder, by the Cs-therapy employed. There was a 26% and 24% death within the initial 2 weeks and 12 months of treatment, respectively. A consistent finding in these patients was the disappearance of pain within the initial 3 days of Cs-treatment. The small number of autopsies made showed the absence of cancer cells in most cases and the clinical impression indicates a remarkably successful outcome of treatment. PMID- 6522428 TI - Effect of oral intake of cesium chloride: a single case report. AB - The author volunteered to experience on himself the effect of short-term, i.e., 36 consecutive days, oral administration of cesium chloride. Cesium chloride was given 6 g per day into two equally divided doses. The drug was dissolved in 8 ounces fluid and consumed immediately after the morning and evening meals which were diet-restricted to wheat bran and certain grain products, to attain approximately 1% potassium intake, for the initial 3 weeks. Bread products were discontinued and yogurt and cottage cheese products were reinstituted for the two week period that followed prior to reinstituting of the preceding food regimens. There was an initial general feeling of well-being and heightened sense perception. A gradual decrease in appetite was noted initially before it was stabilized at a later date. Discontinuation of rich bread meals resulted in pre nausea sensation which was followed by diarrhea 48 hr later. The institution of high potassium nutrition decreased the feeling of nausea and abolished diarrhea. A "tingling" sensation in the lip and cheek regions was experienced 15 min subsequent the cesium chloride dosage compared to same sensation occurring at moderate intensity in hands and feet at end of the experiment. No adverse effects of CsCl were noted in performance of mathematical analyses or in driving skill. It is concluded that CsCl is devoid from toxicity provided adequate diet and supplements are administered. PMID- 6522429 TI - The response of colon carcinoma in mice to cesium, zinc and vitamin A. AB - Predetermined amounts of cesium chloride or carbonate, zinc gluconate and vitamin A were used together to alter growth of colon carcinoma (C38) implants in BDF1 mice. Data show that the use of these compounds in a treatment protocol is responsible for repression of tumor growth. PMID- 6522430 TI - Biochemical aspects of cesium administration in tumor-bearing mice. AB - The effect of pretreatment with CsCl on mice bearing sarcoma I implants was studied as a function of duration of treatment period, life span and tissue Cs+ and K+ levels. Treatment with CsCl for 14 consecutive days prior to sarcoma implantation resulted in initial reduction of the tumor-mediated mortality compared to controls and to a one week pretreatment period with identical doses of CsCl. A large accumulation of endogenous K+ was noted in tumor mass compared to nonmalignant tissue of the same animals or to tumor-free controls receiving identical Cs-treatment. The entry of exogenously administered Cs+ into malignant tissue was less than that accumulating in respective controls. The accumulation of Cs+ in tumor mass was dose-dependent. The ratio of K+:C+ was greater in tumor tissue than in nonmalignant tissue. The results suggest that a critical balance between these alkali metals may be required for adequate Cs effect against the tumor studied. PMID- 6522431 TI - Effect of cesium and potassium salts on survival of rats bearing Novikoff hepatoma. AB - The effect of CsCl on the life span of female Sprague-Dawley rats innoculated with Novikoff's hepatoma was studied as a function of both pre- and post treatment with CsCl and as a function of the inoculant dose. The effect of KCl on the CsCl treatment was also studied. Rats treated with CsCl for 12 consecutive days prior to or immediately after inoculation with 1.0 ml of viable hepatoma cell suspension showed an increase in mortality score from corresponding controls. Conversely, increases in the dose of the inoculant resulted in delaying the onset of toxicity in rats receiving the Cs-treatment after inoculation as evidenced by a decrease in mortality. Availability of KCl in drinking water ad lib further decreased total mortality when given alone but not when combined with CsCl. The results indicate a dose-dependent paradoxical effect of CsCl on Novikoff hepatoma cell toxicity and suggest a critical intercellular balance requirement between Cs+ and K+ on the effect studied. PMID- 6522432 TI - A synopsis on metals in medicine and psychiatry. AB - A total of 40 metals are reviewed and summarized to give a general perspective on the metal's two major effects, relevant to medicine and psychiatry in man. These two effects are metal excess (poisoning) and deficiency. These metals are grouped arbitrarily into six categories; (a) The heavy metals, (b) the essential and questionable essential trace elements, (c) the macrominerals, (d) the alkali metals, (e) elements used as therapeutic agents, and (f) miscellaneous elements. The heavy metals are invariably toxic and could be lethal, and no deficiency state has yet been described in man, although arsenic has been postulated to be essential. The essential trace elements are vital to a number of vital physiological and biochemical functions, and newer essential trace elements are to be identified in the future. The recent findings suggest vanadium excess may aggravate the affective symptoms in bipolar affective disorder; selenium may inhibit certain carcinogenesis such as oesophageal cancer; and silicon may inhibit atheromatous formation in the aorta. There is also some suggestion that certain allergic syndromes may be correlated with very low levels of iron, copper, manganese. The study of elements will undoubtedly expand the understanding of disease processes in medicine and psychiatry. PMID- 6522433 TI - Rubidium in psychiatry: research implications. AB - A brief overview of the use of rubidium in affective disorders and schizophrenia is presented. Although antidepressant action of rubidium has not been supported by adequate number of controlled studies, its potential contribution to psychiatry warrants further investigations. Endogenous rubidium may be a useful research tool in the future psychopharmacological studies of affective disorders. PMID- 6522434 TI - Nutrients and cancer: an introduction to cesium therapy. AB - A brief overview on the relevance in dietary factors in both development and prevention of cancer is presented. The pharmacologic properties of various food ingredients are discussed. Establishing of a special diet for the cancer patient is suggested. In addition, avoidance of certain foods is recommended to counteract mucus production of cancer cells. Evaluation of the nutrient content of certain diets in regions with low incidence of cancer has advanced the use of certain alkali metals, i.e., rubidium and cesium, as chemotherapeutic agents. The rationale for this approach termed the "high pH" therapy resides in changing the acidic pH range of the cancer cell by cesium towards weak alkalinity in which the survival of the cancer cell is endangered, and the formation of acidic and toxic materials, normally formed in cancer cells, is neutralized and eliminated. PMID- 6522435 TI - Concerning the relative non-toxicity of silacrown ionophores. AB - Silacrowns, ionophoric materials in which an ethylene bridge of a normal crown ether has been replaced by a R2Si group, facilitate ion transport across liquid membranes. A major aspect of their properties is their nontoxicity when compared to these crown ethers. This is probably due to their ready hydrolysis to the corresponding polyethylene glycols. The glycols also exhibit ion transport properties, even with an efficiency close to the silacrowns but the silacrowns stay intact long enough to partition into the hydrophobic phase of a liquid membrane whereas their hydrolysis products preferentially partition into the aqueous phases. Ready removal from the hydrophobic phase of a membrane will reduce the long term transporting effectiveness of the glycols. Thus, in vivo hydrolysis of the silacrowns will result in the loss of transmembrane carriers. Similar removal will not occur for normal crown ionophores which are both hydrolytically stable and partition into the hydrophobic phase, and remain there for long time periods. PMID- 6522437 TI - The effects of carbon monoxide on the heart: an in vitro study. AB - Experiments were conducted to assess the effects of increasing concentrations of carbon monoxide (CO) on the isolated spontaneously beating rat heart. Hearts removed from male Sprague Dawley rats were perfused via the aorta with Krebs Henseleit solution. Coronary flow was timed and collected in a calibrated vessel. Heart rate and pulse pressure were measured by a catheter inserted in the left ventricle and attached to a pressure transducer. After 30 min, the hearts were challenged for 10 min with perfusate containing increasing concentrations of CO and decreasing concentrations of 02. Coronary flow increased in response to CO concentrations below 50%. After 8 min, coronary flow increased by 40% in response to 10% CO challenge. Heart rate and pulse pressure were generally depressed by CO. Heart rate was depressed at the end of 8 min by 5, 10, 38, and 64%, respectively, by solutions equilibrated against 10, 25, 50, and 95% CO. Pulse pressure decreased with concentrations of 50% CO and above. These results indicate that coronary flow appears to be the most sensitive indicator of CO toxicity in the isolated heart. PMID- 6522436 TI - Chronotropic effect of alkali metals on spontaneously beating right atria. AB - The alkali metal ions lithium, potassium, rubidium and cesium depress the rate of spontaneous beating of isolated rabbit right atria. At low concentrations (2 to 4 mM) the negative chronotropic effect was in the order: Cs greater than Rb greater than K or Li; at a higher concentration (12 mM) it was Rb or K greater than Cs or Li. Force of contraction was also depressed by potassium and cesium at all levels, but was stimulated by lithium and by low levels of rubidium (2 mM). Lithium had little chronotropic effect up to relatively high concentrations, decreasing spontaneous beating rate to 80% of control at 100 mM LiCl. The significant positive inotropic effect at 2 mM LiCl (to 120% of control) increased (to 180% of control) at 40 mM LiCl. Rate of beating was significantly depressed by 0.2 mM CsCl. The chronotropic effect of cesium was biphasic; the decrease in SBR at 2 and 4 mM cesium was greater than the negative chronotropic effect at 10 mM CsCl. The effect of rubidium (above 4 mM) closely resembled that of increased potassium in decreasing spontaneous beating rate and contractile force. PMID- 6522438 TI - The role of prostaglandins in Na retention of porta-cava shunted rats. AB - The importance of prostaglandins (PG) in Na and water retention of liver cirrhosis was studied in rats with porta-cava shunt (PCS) compared to control, non-shunted animals. Balance studies were performed in metabolic cages with diets of high, normal and low Na. An experimental phase, during which the animals received either 5 mg X kg-1 of indomethacin daily or placebo, was preceded by a control period and followed by a post-indomethacin period identical to the control phase. In each diet, indomethacin, but non placebo, caused a positive Na balance, correlated with Na intake, which in overall pooled data amounted to 1453 +/- 255 muEq in PCS rats, significantly larger than that measured in controls, of -295 +/- 320 muEq (P less than 0.01). This was attended by a reverse change in K balance of -35.6 +/- 349 muEq versus -1566 +/- 582 muEq (P less than 0.01); glomerular filtration rate (GRF) was unchanged. These data demonstrate that PGs contribute to the control of Na homeostasis in the presence of PCS. PMID- 6522439 TI - Radioimmunoassay of acipimox in human plasma and urine. AB - A radioimmunoassay was developed for the determination of acipimox (5 methylpyrazinecarboxylic acid 4-oxide) in human plasma and urine. Acipimox was conjugated to bovine serum albumin through a spacer with 4 carbon atoms, and repeatedly injected into rabbits. Antisera raised in these animals were highly specific and virtually no cross-reaction was observed with 5 methylpyrazinecarboxylic acid and nicotinic acid. Despite the low specific activity of the labelled antigen used, concentrations of acipimox in human plasma and urine as low as 40 ng/ml could be determined. The intra- and inter-assay coefficients of variation ranged between 4.32-6.25% and 6.19-11.55% respectively, and mean recovery of the compound spiked to plasma was 100-103%. The method was applied to determine plasma levels and urinary excretion of acipimox after oral doses of 150 mg and 250 mg to four volunteers. PMID- 6522440 TI - Specificity of anti-leukotriene actions of nicardipine. AB - The calcium channel blocker, nicardipine (100 ng/ml) markedly antagonized the coronary vasoconstrictor effect of the peptide leukotrienes LTC4 and LTD4 on the isolated perfused cat coronary artery. However, nicardipine even at 300 ng/ml failed to antagonize the leukotriene induced contraction of either tracheal or pulmonary parenchymal strips from guinea pigs. However, at higher concentrations (i.e., 10 micrograms/ml), nicardipine inhibited the production of peptide leukotrienes from minced cat lung incubated in the presence of A23187. Thus, nicardipine exerts some selectivity in its anti-leukotriene actions. PMID- 6522441 TI - Caerulein peripheral injection: a study on the correlation with dopaminergic metabolism. AB - Immunocytochemical and electrophysiological studies indicate the existence of a functional relationship between Cholecystokinin (CCK) and dopaminergic transmission. In order to gain more information on this relationship, the effect of Caerulein, a CCK stable analogue, on rat spontaneous locomotor activity and on biochemical markers of dopaminergic transmission were measured simultaneously. The concentrations of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) and the spontaneous or K+ evoked release of dopamine were studied in rat striatum and nucleus accumbens immediately after testing for motor activity. An almost complete reduction in locomotor activity but not significant changes in DOPAC content and dopamine release were observed in rats injected with the peptide (0.25/microgram/Kg, intraperitoneally). DOPAC concentrations were slightly (30%) decreased by increasing 200 folds caerulein dose. In addition, a very minute dose of haloperidol (25 /microgram/Kg) potentiated the caerulein (0.25/microgram/Kg) induced hypomotility, while the parameters of dopaminergic metabolism were unaffected. Our results indicate the existence of a relevant pharmacological interaction between caerulein and dopamine antagonists, although it is not clear whether this interaction takes place at the dopamine terminals level. PMID- 6522442 TI - Distribution and metabolism of dermorphin in rats. AB - Dermorphin distribution and metabolism were studied in rats injected with high doses of the peptide and with 125I-dermorphin, using RIA methods, HPLC extraction and -counting. Dermorphin rapidly disappeared from plasma (half-life: 1.3 min). In vivo and in vitro experiments demonstrated that the peptide was destroyed in liver and kidney. The highest percent (11%) of injected dermorphin has been found in the bile collected over 1 hour. HPLC analysis showed that bile contained also breakdown products (di, tri, and tetra N-terminal peptide fragments). Reported data suggested that intact dermorphin can be eliminated more slowly than breakdown products. PMID- 6522443 TI - Further studies on the effects of heroin addiction on the hypothalamic-pituitary gonadal function in man. AB - The effects of chronic heroin addiction on LH biological and immunological activity, as well as on total and free testosterone concentrations, were investigated in 8 active young male addicts. The results were compared with those obtained in 33 normal young men. In addition, the effects of naloxone (N) administration on LH bio- and immuno-potency were studied in 3 normal men. LH biological activity (bLH) was assessed by a specific and sensitive "in vitro" bioassay, based upon testosterone production by mechanically dispersed mouse Leydig cell preparations. Double antibody radioimmunoassay methods were employed to assess serum levels of immunoreactive LH (iLH), total testosterone (T) and morphine (M). Free testosterone (FT) concentrations were determined by RIA after an ultrafiltration procedure. Mean basal values of bLH, iLH, T and LH bio/immuno (b/i) ratio observed in heroin addicts were similar to those obtained in the control group. In contrast, serum levels of FT and the mean FT/T ratio were significantly reduced in heroin addicts. A significant decrease of LH b/i ratio was observed during N infusion in the normal subjects. PMID- 6522444 TI - [Nitrogenous triterpene derivatives. 9. 3-Acetyloleanol acid-28-amides and their antiulcer effect]. AB - The authors report on the synthesis of 3-acetyloleanol acid-28-amids 10, 12-16, 19, 20, 22 and 24. The amids 16 (30%) and 24 (37%) were of most favourable inhibiting effect on the formation of gastric ulcera following pylorus ligature. The ulcer formation caused by p. o. administration of indometacin (Metindol) was in the main reduced by the amids 15 (60%), 16 (34%), and 24 (46%). With both the methods the effect of carbenoxolon sodium amounts to 40 or 50%. In ulcera induced by indometacin, the 11- and 3-oxooleanol acid derivates 12 and 18 revealed stimulating characteristics. PMID- 6522445 TI - Synthesis and determination of 10-oxomorphine, a decomposition product of morphine. AB - 10-Oxomorphine, a decomposition product of morphine, was synthesized from 6-O acetylcodeine, which was oxidized with chromic acid to 6-O-acetyl-10 hydroxycodeine. This substance was then oxidized with manganese dioxide to 6-O acetyl-10-oxocodeine, which on hydrolysis and O-demethylation gave 10 oxomorphine. UV-, fluorimetric spectrometry, TLC and HPLC methods were used for determination of 10-oxomorphine. PMID- 6522446 TI - pH-induced difference spectrophotometric methods for drug analysis. Part 2: Determination of mefenamic and flufenamic acid. AB - On the basis of the spectral changes induced by changing the solvent medium from HCl (0.01 mol . l-1) to NaOH (0.01 mol . l-1), coefficient-difference spectrophotometric methods using the six-points quadratic order of the orthogonal polynomials have been developed. The optimum wavelength ranges were 326 to 386 nm for mefenamic acid and 322 to 382 nm for flufenamic acid, both measured at 12 nm intervals. The respective mean percentage recoveries were 100.1 +/- 0.89 over a concentration range of 0.6-2.6 mg/100 ml of mefenamic acid and 100.7 +/- 0.61 over a range of 0.2-2.4 mg/100 ml for flufenamic acid (p = 0.05). Both methods gave precise results with relative standard deviation less than 1%. Trials to adapt single wavelength difference technique as well as the cubic order of the orthogonal polynomials were also performed; their results were discussed on a statistical basis. The developed procedures have been applied to the analysis of some randomly collected market preparations and the results obtained proved suitability for application in routine analysis. PMID- 6522447 TI - [Pressure-course events in the tabletting of phenylbutazone]. AB - The distribution to different compression phases via formation of the 1. derivation of the increased force curve is elucidated by the example of the phenylbutazone (2. AB-DDR) compression by means of an instrumented, slow-motion (1 r. p. m.) excentric press, equipped with piezoelectric force recorders and semiconductor transducers articulated to the upper stamp. In the case of phenylbutazone it is subdivided into at least three sections. PMID- 6522448 TI - Effect of relative humidity and ageing on drug release. Part 2: Experimental phenytoin sodium capsules. AB - In this study the effect of ageing and relative humidity on the release rate of phenytoin sodium was investigated for an experimental capsule formulation. Phenytoin sodium capsules containing lactose as the excipient were kept in 75 and 95% relative humidities, for 8 weeks, and the variances in the in vitro dissolution profiles of the active substance were observed. In vitro dissolution results were also evaluated kinetically. In general, it was observed that there was a decrease in the in vitro dissolution rate after storage at 95% relative humidity. PMID- 6522449 TI - Suppositories containing beta-cyclodextrin complexes. Part 1: Stability studies. AB - Application of beta-cyclodextrin complexes of volatile substances in suppositories improves the mechanical properties and stability of suppositories. The incompatibility between the volatile components and suppository bases can be eliminated. PMID- 6522450 TI - [The influence of galenic and biologic factors on the bioavailability of Berlocombin]. AB - The analysis of the influence of galenical and biological factors on the biological availability of Berlocombin (sulfamerazin and trimethoprim combination) has been performed by a single Berlocombin juice administration compared to tablets and by a tablet administration combined with nourishment. In case of the juice administration, the biological availability of trimethoprim and sulfamerazin has been reduced. The tablet administration at an empty stomach and a subsequent 5-h waiting period revealed a more complete trimethoprim resorption, which compared to an administration immediately after the standard breakfast is expressed by a significantly greater area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) in serum. In tablet application subsequent to a fatty breakfast, the trimethoprim and sulfamerazin resorption is compared to the relative group some increased; the differences, however, were insignificant ones. The results of this study failed to be of practical consequences, because the dosage applied and recommended by the producer significantly exceeded the minimum inhibition concentrations in serum and urine 3 h after administration. The required therapeutic level in no case fell short of up to the 12. hour. PMID- 6522451 TI - Poisonous plants contaminating edible ones and toxic substances in plant foods. Part 3. Pyrrolizidine alkaloids from Heliotropium digynum Forssk. (= H. luteum, Poir.). AB - Investigation of the alkaloidal constituents of Heliotropium digynum resulted in the isolation of four alkaloids viz. heliotrine, europine, lasiocarpine and 7 angelylheliotrine. Moreover, HPLC and GLC showed the probable presence of heliotridine and some other unidentified minor constituents. A summary of the pharmacotoxicity and biological activity of the ethanolic extract, total alkaloids with special reference to heliotrine is presented. PMID- 6522452 TI - Fluorimetric and colorimetric determination of bamipine hydrochloride and its tablets. PMID- 6522453 TI - Spectrofluorimetric determination of trioxsalen. PMID- 6522454 TI - [The muscarinic-cholinergic receptors of cultured heart cells]. PMID- 6522455 TI - [Indoline and serotonergic effects in isolated organ preparations]. PMID- 6522456 TI - Spectrofluorodensitometric determination of diphyllin, a cystostatic lignan isolated from Cleistanthus collinus. PMID- 6522457 TI - Diazotized sulfanilic acid as a novel reagent for the detection of phenothiazine, phenothiazine-like drugs and their decomposition products in pharmaceuticals. PMID- 6522458 TI - Kinetics of stacking interactions in flavin adenine dinucleotide from time resolved flavin fluorescence. PMID- 6522459 TI - Amiodarone phototoxicity to human erythrocytes and lymphocytes. PMID- 6522461 TI - Absorption and fluorescence study of tyrosine-derived crosslinking amino acids from collagen. PMID- 6522460 TI - Interaction of human serum low density lipoproteins with porphyrins: a spectroscopic and photochemical study. PMID- 6522462 TI - Induction of photoproducts in synthetic polynucleotides by far and near ultraviolet radiation. PMID- 6522463 TI - An action spectrum of photoreactivating enzyme from sea urchin eggs. PMID- 6522465 TI - Chemiluminescence from an erythrocyte folic acid oxidase from normal individuals and from cancer patients. AB - Folic acid oxidase from erythrocytes oxidatively cleaves folic acid at the C-9-N 10 bond to yield pterin-6-aldehyde and p-aminobenzoyl glutamic acid, with the concomitant generation of singlet oxygen. The emission from singlet oxygen is proportional to the enzyme activity. DABCO was used as a singlet oxygen emission enhancer to increase the sensitivity of the measurement. In general, pregnant women show high enzymatic activity, but the emission is strongly quenched by DABCO. This is contrary to normal and cancer cases in which an increase in the emission was observed. This effect is larger in cancer cases. These results are presented as a potential method for detecting physiological and pathological human conditions. PMID- 6522464 TI - An inulin-like clearance based on the atomic absorbance of a copper cluster compound. AB - Copper cluster ions which contain 14 copper atoms and 12 penicillamine ligands produce no indications of toxicity when injected intravenously in doses of 12 mg/kg (as the hydrated sodium salt). These ions pass freely through the Bowman's capsules and are eliminated with the urinary effluent. The blood plasma and blood serum kinetics of the process may be followed with selectivity and sensitivity using copper's flame atomic absorbance at 324.7 nm, and a first order rate law with a half life of approximately ten minutes is observed. Clearance obtained by this method is inulin-like. The copper cluster ion does not readily permeate the erythrocyte membrane, and its distribution immediately following intravenous injection appears to be essentially that of the plasma volume. Since serum or plasma preparation for atomic absorbance measurements is minimal, the method might have applications in rapid determinations of renal clearance. PMID- 6522466 TI - It was a good year. PMID- 6522467 TI - Space sickness. PMID- 6522468 TI - A hydrodynamic model of the human leg circulation. PMID- 6522469 TI - Computer-simulated physiology experiments: where are we coming from and where might we go? PMID- 6522470 TI - Proceedings of the sixth annual meeting of the IUPS Commission on Gravitational Physiology. 18-21 September 1984, Lausanne, Switzerland. PMID- 6522471 TI - Temperature dependent attraction by goldfish to a chemical feeding cue presented alone and in combination with heated water. AB - An eight cell multiple-choice experiment was used to investigate the influence of temperature on the locomotor response of goldfish (Carassius auratus) to a chemical feeding cue. When a food extract was infused into a single cell at ambient temperatures of 26, 28, 30, 32, and 34 degrees C (ambient temperature=acclimation temperature) the goldfish spent more time in the extract cell than three similarly outfitted dummy cells at all temperatures, but the intensity of their attraction varied over the thermal interval. Attraction was highest at 28 degrees C and gradually declined to its lowest level by 34 degrees C. Goldfish acclimated and tested at 26 degrees C spent more time visiting a combination of food extract and heated water (H+E) than either food extract (E) or heated water (H) alone. The preference for H+E over H and E increased with the temperature differential between heated and ambient waters. Successive increased in acclimation/ambient temperature (30, 32, and 34 degrees C) extinguished the differences between H+E and H and E but did not eliminate the attraction for the thermal and chemical stimuli, per se. The importance of temperature in the variability of chemoreceptive behavior and the interaction between chemical and thermal stimuli are discussed. PMID- 6522472 TI - A comparison of prey eating by spontaneous mouse killing rats and rats with lateral septal, medial accumbens, or medial hypothalamic lesions. AB - Rats with lesions of the medial hypothalamus and spontaneous mouse killing rats were tested for mouse and rat pup killing in their living cages 1 and 3 days postoperatively. The lesioned and spontaneous killers did not differ significantly in amount of prey eaten within 10 min following a mouse kill on either Day 1 or 3 postoperatively. Both groups ate significantly more of the prey than did sham-lesioned rats that were presented with a freshly killed mouse. When 4 hr was allowed for eating following a kill, rats with lesions of the lateral septum, medial accumbens, and medial hypothalamus each ate significantly more than spontaneous mouse killing rats. The greater prey eating by the lesioned animals is probably not the result of the prey being a highly palatable food since rats with medial hypothalamic lesions but not those with medial accumbens or septal lesions showed enhanced consumption of a sweetened lab chow over a 4 hr period. The quantitative similarity in the prey eating by spontaneous and lesion induced mouse killers in the period immediately following the kill serves to further establish a relationship between these two kinds of killing. The greater eating that occurs in lesioned animals when a longer time is allowed for eating is consistent with other observations of excesses in the killing behavior of lesioned animals relative to spontaneous killers. PMID- 6522473 TI - The effect of electrical stimulation of the hypothalamus on continuously monitored blood glucose levels. AB - The effects of hypothalamic stimulation on blood glucose levels were investigated in unanaesthetised rats with intracardiac catheters directly connected to a continuous glucose analyzer. Thirty sec of low level electrical stimulation produced hyperglycemia at 23 of the 34 sites stimulated. At the remaining 11 sites the electrical stimulation produced no changes in blood glucose levels. The hyperglycemia could be dissociated from the changes in motor activity produced by the stimulation. The highest probability of producing hyperglycemia was found at ventro-lateral sites although hyperglycemia was also observed after stimulation of dorsal and medial sites. Apart from this medio-lateral difference in the density of sites at which stimulation produced hyperglycemia, the effects were not well differentiated anatomically. In addition, in terms of latency, peak magnitude and duration of the hyperglycemia, stimulation of the various hypothalamic subdivisions appeared to be functionally equivalent. Thus with respect to hypothalamic involvement in the maintenance of blood glucose levels the present stimulation analysis suggests a medio-lateral functional similarity which is very different from the medio-lateral reciprocity of lesion effects on ingestive behaviour and body weight. PMID- 6522474 TI - Sodium chloride intake following electrochemical stimulation of the frontal lobe cortex in the rat. AB - The effect of stimulation of the medial surface of the cerebral cortex on the intake of sodium chloride (NaCl) solution was studied in male rats which were depleted of sodium by peritoneal dialysis (p.d.). Electrochemical stimulation (anodic d.c.) was applied through monopolar stainless-steel electrodes chronically implanted in the unanaesthetized freely-behaving animal. Stimulation (100 microA/30 sec,) of the anterior cingulate cortex in its dorsal and ventral portions, 24 hr after p.d. decreased NaCl intake by about 30% compared with pre stimulation intake in the same animal. An opposite behavior was observed after electrochemical stimulation of the superficial layers of the pre-limbic area. A significant sodium intake occurred when the stimulus was applied 5 hr after p.d. at a time when the sodium appetite was still not evident. However, stimulation applied 24 hr after p.d. gave no significant difference from control. The degree of stimulation exerted by the pre-limbic area on NaCl intake was proportional to the amount of current applied. The results of the present study indicate that the frontal lobe cortex of the brain has a dual effect on the preference for sodium intake in sodium depleted rats, with the cingulate area being inhibitory and the pre-limbic area being facilitatory. PMID- 6522475 TI - Sex differences in the activational effects of gonadal hormones on food intake and body weight. AB - Estrogens have been shown to decrease, and androgens to increase body weight (BWt) of guinea pigs (GPs). The magnitude of the BWt sex difference shown by intact adult GPs is due primarily to these concurrent, or activational, effects of gonadal steroids. However, a small but significant sex difference in BWt persists in animals gonadectomized at birth, indicating that early hormonal exposure may permanently influence certain steroid sensitive weight regulatory mechanisms in the two sexes. Three experiments were therefore designed to investigate the short term effects of estradiol and testosterone on food intake (FI) and BWt of gonadectomized adult male and female GPs. In the first experiment, GPs gonadectomized in adulthood were given a single injection of 6 micrograms estradiol benzoate (EB). Although EB treatment reduced FI and BWt of both females and males, significantly larger reductions occurred in females. In the second experiment, GPs gonadectomized at birth received treatments of oil or 2 micrograms EB for 7 days. EB treatment also produced significantly larger effects on FI and BWt in the neonatally gonadectomized females. The third experiment involved GPs gonadectomized as adults who were injected with either oil or 1 mg/day testosterone propionate in oil (TP) for 32 days. Compared to changes in oil injected controls, TP produced significantly larger increases in male BWt than female BWt. Therefore, although GPs show only minor sex differences in BWt which might relate to prenatal gonadal hormonal exposure, significant sex differences remain in their responsiveness to the activational effects of gonadal steroids on FI and BWt in adulthood. PMID- 6522476 TI - Perseveration of attention to conspecific odors and novel objects in castrated gerbils. AB - Castrated male and female gerbils were tested for odor preference and for attention to conspecific odors and a novel object. Castrated gerbils housed with sham-operates preferred home odors, discriminated between two groups of male gerbils by olfactory cues, and perseverated in attention to odors of male gerbils and to a novel object. Similar perseveration to male conspecific odors was shown in gerbils given injections of L-DOPA (30 mg/kg). Combined treatment (castration and L-DOPA) resulted in additive effects on perseveration. This research challenges two general hypotheses of gonadal hormone function. The first, that changes in odor preference after castration are due to a loss in testicular androgen, is insufficient, because (1) female as well as male gerbils showed similar perseveration to odors, (2) there was a significant correlation between LH and duration of investigation of male conspecific odors, and (3) L-DOPA, the dopamine precurser, also caused perseveration to conspecific odors. The second, that gonadal hormones are responsible for persistence of attention, cannot be broadly generalized, because castration with resultant elevation of LH and regression of ventral glands resulted in perseveration of attention in male and female gerbils. PMID- 6522477 TI - Effects of serotonin-depleting midbrain lesions on the defense of hypothalamic obesity. AB - Previous research has suggested that lesions of the midbrain dorsal and median raphe nuclei may lower the level at which body weight is regulated in hypothalamic obesity. To test this possibility further, we examined the ability of adult female rats made obese by medial hypothalamic (MH) lesions to regain weight lost due to food deprivation after midbrain raphe lesions. We first verified that obese MH-lesioned rats would regain the weight lost during a one week fast in the same manner as non-lesioned control rats. However, when raphe lesions were produced in both groups after a second week of fasting, the weight regain of MH-lesioned rats was impaired over a full month of access to standard laboratory chow. This deficit could not be attributed to generalized impairments in feeding or capacity to gain weight since MH + raphe-lesioned rats became hyperphagic and gained almost four times more weight than controls when subsequently allowed to consume a high fat diet. Terminal assays of forebrain serotonin, norepinephrine and dopamine revealed that raphe lesions depleted only serotonin. Furthermore, the magnitude of serotonin depletion correlated inversely with the number of days required by MH + raphe-lesioned rats to regain the deprivation-induced weight loss. These findings complement earlier observations that serotonin-depleting midbrain injury can impede the development of obesity induced by subsequent hypothalamic lesions. Both findings are compatible with the possibility that raphe lesions mitigate the elevation of body weight in hypothalamic obesity. PMID- 6522479 TI - Histamine plays a major role for drinking elicited by spontaneous eating in rats. AB - The effects of combined antagonism of H1 (using 1 mg/kg dexbrompheniramine IP) and H2 (using 16 mg/kg cimetidine IP) receptors for histamine prior to (a) drinking after 2.5 mg/kg histamine SC, (b) drinking after 1-hr water deprivation, and (c) drinking during spontaneous eating were examined at 1 hr into the dark phase of a 12:12'-hr light/dark cycle for 14 Sprague-Dawley male rats. Such antagonism of histamine receptors abolished drinking elicited by exogenous histamine without affecting drinking after water deprivation. Histaminergic antagonism did not affect spontaneous eating, but it appeared to abolish drinking prior to a meal (for only those 3 rats which exhibited such drinking), delayed the latency to initiate drinking after initiating a meal, and inhibited drinking which occurred during and after eating but prior to postprandial resting (i.e., satiety for food). Because antagonism of peripheral histamine receptors inhibited food-related drinking by over 60%, these results provide indirect support for the hypothesis that the preabsorptive food-contingent vagally-mediated release of gastric mucosal histamine plays a major role in spontaneous food-related drinking in the rat. PMID- 6522478 TI - The effects of ileal transposition and jejunoileal bypass on food intake and GI hormone levels in rats. AB - Male Wistar rats received three different types of small intestinal surgery. Two groups of rats had either 10 or 20 cm of lower ileum transposed to mid-duodenum. A third comparison group of rats had 85% jejunoileal bypass. All three experimental groups showed a sustained post-operative reduction in food intake and a change in body weight gain. Measurements made 36 days after surgery showed that all experimental groups had a large increase in basal and meal-stimulated enteroglucagon. The total-integrated plasma levels of gastrin, GIP, insulin and blood glucose were significantly reduced. At sacrifice, there were large increases in the wet weight of the small intestine and pancreas. These changes were probably due to the chronic stimulation of the lower ileum with nutrient rich chyme and may be due to the release of ileal hormones. PMID- 6522480 TI - Circadian rhythms and patterns of running-wheel activity, feeding and drinking behaviors of old male rats. AB - Running-wheel activity of 7 young adult male rats (3 to 6.5 months of age) and 11 old male rats (22 to 34 months of age), feeding behavior of 10 each of young adult and old male rats and drinking behavior of 6 each of young adult and old male rats were recorded. Circadian rhythms were lost in 2, 6 and 1 old rats respectively in running activity, feeding and drinking behaviors. Loss of circadian rhythm of three behaviors seems not to occur concomitantly. Although the remaining old rats still showed as high a percentage of nocturnal activities in these three behaviors as young rats, the patterns of the behaviors revealed age-related changes. Old rats had decreased daily activity with small numbers and short duration of bursts of activity. Total frequencies of the head of rats interrupting the photobeam of a feeder during 24 hour period increased in old age with patterns of a small number of long meals with a rapid ingestion rate. Total numbers of licking the spout per day increased in old rats with patterns of a small number of short duration draft with a rapid licking rate. Old rats still maintained diurnal difference of drinking-to-feeding ratio. The similarity of the feeding and drinking patterns between old male rats and ventromedial hypothalamus lesioned rats was discussed. PMID- 6522481 TI - The relationship between type 2 theta and behavior. AB - Although there is extensive literature on the correlation between Type 1 theta activity in the hippocampus and behavior, little is known about the behavioral correlates of "Type 2" (immobility) theta. In the present study, guinea pigs were exposed to three high "arousal" situations. These situations produced reliable trains of "Type 2" theta. Atropine sulfate abolished "arousal" and Type 2 theta. In the second study, we determined whether the Type 2 theta response was produced by specific stimuli or by a generalized sensitization to incoming sensory stimuli created by the testing situation. In this study, a stimulus which had not previously elicited Type 2 theta was presented a second time after a presentation of a stimulus which did elicit Type 2 theta. The previously neutral stimulus now elicited Type 2 theta. These results were interpreted within an "arousal" theory framework. PMID- 6522482 TI - Male hamster investigatory and copulatory responses to vaginal discharge: an attempt to impart sexual significance to an arbitrary chemosensory stimulus. AB - Hamster vaginal discharge elicits intense genital investigation and facilitates overt copulatory behavior toward anesthetized males (female surrogates) whose hindquarters have been scented with this material. The ability of an arbitrary chemosensory stimulus to acquire behavioral activity like that of vaginal discharge through association with maternal stimuli and/or adult sexual experience was examined in male hamsters. Vanillin was used as the arbitrary stimulus because it is attractive to hamsters, is not likely to be a natural constituent of hamster scents, is not known to exert any adverse physiological effects, and is a subliming solid with an extremely long persistence when used as an artificial scent. The males were reared by vanillin-scented or control solvent (water)-scented foster mothers, and in adulthood were paired repeatedly with vanillin- or solvent-scented receptive females. Behavioral testing with scented surrogates was performed one week preceding, and again following, the sexual pairings. Rearing by vanillin-scented mothers modestly but significantly increased the amount of time sexually naive males spent investigating the hindquarters as compared to other body regions of vanillin-scented surrogates. However, neither neonatal nor adult interactions with vanillin-scented females imparted to this stimulus the capacity to facilitate overt copulatory behavior. Also, regardless of the males' exposure history, only vaginal discharge caused the males to direct their investigatory behavior predominantly toward the hindquarters. The characteristic investigatory and copulatory responses exhibited by male hamsters toward vaginal discharge thus do not appear to be readily developed toward arbitrary chemosensory stimuli associated with particular females to which the males have been exposed. PMID- 6522483 TI - Male hamster investigatory and copulatory responses to vaginal discharge: relationship to the endocrine status of females. AB - The ability of vaginal discharge from ovariectomized (OVEX) or hypophysectomized (HYPOX) female hamsters to elicit intense genital investigation and to facilitate overt copulatory behavior in males was compared with that of estrous vaginal discharge. The discharges were collected by vaginal lavage with water. In order to avoid exposure of experimental males to female stimuli other than vaginal discharge, the behavioral tests employed anesthetized males (female surrogates) whose hindquarters were scented with the collected vaginal material or with control solvent (water). Both the OVEX and HYPOX discharges elicited intense genital investigation and significantly increased the incidence of intromission attempts toward the scented surrogates. However, both types of discharge had significantly less behavioral activity than estrous vaginal discharge. In a subsequent experiment, a water dilution series of estrous vaginal discharge was tested for the ability to promote genital investigation and copulatory behavior toward scented surrogates. The amount of discharge typically extruded by one estrous female in response to tactile genital stimulation can be diluted one hundred-fold without appreciable reductions in its behavioral activity. These results demonstrate that the behavioral activity of hamster vaginal discharge is related to the endocrine status of females, and suggest that previous failures to demonstrate clear dependence on ovarian function might have been due to ceiling effects in laboratory tests. PMID- 6522484 TI - Chemical studies of hamster vaginal discharge: male behavioral responses to a high molecular weight fraction require physical contact. AB - This report describes the isolation and behavioral testing in normal male hamsters of a high molecular weight fraction (HMF) of vaginal discharge which accounts for much of the aphrodisiac activity in the discharge. The HMF encompasses a group of proteins which elute as a relatively narrow, major peak upon agarose gel filtration of estrous vaginal discharge. The crude fraction from gel filtration retains a variety of volatiles including sulfur-containing compounds which we have previously found to account for much of the initial attraction of males to the female but which do not, themselves, facilitate overt copulatory behavior. Procedures for markedly reducing the presence of such volatiles to yield the HMF are described. In behavioral assays using anesthetized males as surrogate females, scenting the hindquarters of the surrogates with the HMF elicits intense genital investigation by experimental males, although this effect on investigatory behavior is not as dramatic as that of the unfractionated vaginal discharge. Like the unfractionated discharge, the HMF significantly increases the incidence of intromission attempts toward scented surrogates. To assess whether physical contact with the HMF is required for behavioral activity, as would be expected if the active material is proteinaceous, series of preference tests were performed using vanillin as a competing stimulus under conditions in which physical contact with the stimuli either was possible or was prevented. The unfractionated discharge was preferred in both conditions, whereas significant preferences for the HMF were exhibited only if it could be contacted by the snout of experimental males. The active material in the HMF thus appears to be of extremely low volatility, at least prior to physical contact with it by the male. PMID- 6522485 TI - Male hamster copulatory responses to a high molecular weight fraction of vaginal discharge: effects of vomeronasal organ removal. AB - The importance of the vomeronasal (accessory olfactory) system for the copulatory responses of male hamsters to a high molecular weight fraction (HMF) of vaginal discharge was assessed in animals that had their vomeronasal organs (VNO) removed. These organs were extirpated bilaterally using an oral approach through the palate so as to eliminate the peripheral afferents to the accessory olfactory bulb (AOB) with minimal or no damage to the main olfactory system. The selective peripheral deafferentation procedure was verified by applying horseradish peroxidase intranasally following intraperitoneal injections of epinephrine to facilitate the vomeronasal pumping mechanism that draws fluids into the VNO. Heavy, bilateral anterograde labeling was evident in the olfactory nerve afferents within the main olfactory bulb of males that had their VNO removed and of animals that received sham surgery. Sham-operated males also had heavy, bilateral labeling in the vomeronasal nerve afferents within the AOB, whereas no such labeling occurred among animals with bilateral removal of the VNO. In sham operated animals, both the HMF and the unfractionated discharge significantly increased the incidence of intromission attempts toward anesthetized males (surrogate females) whose hindquarters were scented with these stimuli. The unfractionated discharge also produced a significant elevation of overt copulatory behavior in males with selective peripheral deafferentation of the vomeronasal system, whereas the HMF did not facilitate copulatory behavior in these animals.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6522486 TI - The effect of liver denervation on meal patterns, body weight and body composition of rats. AB - Neural liver glucoreceptors have been proposed as a primary controller of food intake (FI). Male Sprague-Dawley rats were either sham operated or liver denervated (LD). LD rats had all tissue cut between the liver and the esophagus, stomach and upper 1 cm of the duodenum. The hepatic artery and surrounding tissue were also removed. Finally the hepatic portal vein and the bile duct were stripped clean and the former phenol treated. Three days after surgery animals were placed in modules for continuous computer monitoring of feeding behavior. At no time after surgery did the daily food intake or body weight of the groups differ significantly. Meal size and frequency (light-dark distribution) were determined for 6 days and averaged. Neither parameter was altered by LD. During the next 6 months food intake and body weights of the groups did not differ significantly. At sacrifice, body composition was directly determined with no significant differences observed between LD and sham operated rats. LD were confirmed histologically. Monoamine histofluorescence of the livers of rats subjected to liver denervation revealed an absence of the normal fluorescence seen on small blood vessels in liver parenchyma of sham operated rats. The data do not support the concept that liver glucoreceptors are a major controller of FI. PMID- 6522487 TI - L-dopa and apomorphine disrupt long- but not short-behavioural chains. AB - Apomorphine (0.01-0.5 mg/kg) disrupted fighting between two male ferrets. The number of bites and neck nuzzling were decreased dose-dependently. At 0.05 and 0.1 mg/kg scent-marking and collateral behaviour were increased, at 0.5 mg/kg stereotyped sniffing was induced. L-dopa (120 mg/kg + 30 mg/kg benserazide) exerted similar effects to apomorphine 0.05 mg/kg. Thus, the dopamine (DA) agonists increased short chain responses but disrupted long ones. Haloperidol (0.2 mg/kg) facilitated inter-male fighting. The number of bites increased, but scent-marking and collateral behaviour were selectively suppressed. Thus, the persistency of the long behavioural chain was enhanced. Since, at lower doses, DA agonists expand and DA-antagonists selectively narrow the range of exhibited behavioural responses, it is suggested that the degree of stimulation of central DA-receptors determines the animal's ability to suppress responses that compete with ongoing behaviour. PMID- 6522488 TI - Does paradoxical sleep deprivation disturb memory trace consolidation? AB - The effect of water tank PSD on memory in the passive avoidance test as well as on open field behavior was studied in rats. The effect of combining water tank PSD with a period of normal sleep-wakefulness cycle or with PSD by non-emotional awakening was investigated in a special series of experiments. It is concluded that PSD, even by the water tank procedure, does not disturb trace consolidation and formation of long-term memory in the passive avoidance test. However, a change in the correlation of motor-exploratory activity and fear reaction, due to the stressful situation intrinsic in the water tank PSD procedure, does not allow the animals to reach comparatively long temporal criteria in the passive avoidance test. PMID- 6522489 TI - Presence of companion moderates arousal of monkeys with restricted social experience. AB - Squirrel monkeys were reared on inanimate maternal surrogates in individual cages. The surrogates were removed at 8 months, and at approximately 1 year of age each animal was paired with a similarly-reared peer for 4 weeks prior to testing. When placed in a novel environment for 30 min, the juveniles emitted significantly more high-pitched vocalizations and were significantly more active when tested alone than they were when tested in the presence of their cagemates. A significant elevation of plasma cortisol over resting levels was observed only when animals were exposed to the novel environment alone. Separation from the peer in familiar surroundings had no effect on any measure. These results indicate that the capacity to use social partners to moderate arousal can develop in squirrel monkeys raised from shortly after birth without a mother or physical interaction with other conspecifics, and with relatively little social experience overall. PMID- 6522490 TI - Medial and lateral amygdalectomy differentially influences consummatory negative contrast. AB - Rats shifted from a 32% to 4% sucrose solution consume substantially less 4% sucrose than unshifted animals that experience only the 4% solution. This negative contrast effect was found to be attenuated by lesions of the lateral aspects of the amygdala (basolateral, lateral, and basomedial nuclei) and eliminated by lesions of the medial aspects of the amygdala (corticomedial and central nuclei). The results are discussed in terms of the possible role the amygdala may play in some of the proposed determining factors mediating consummatory negative contrast (e.g., emotionality, neophobia, memory). PMID- 6522491 TI - Behavioral correlates of oral and postingestive satiety in the rat. AB - Hungry rats display the characteristic "satiety sequence" after drinking a glucose solution: The end of ingestion is accompanied by grooming and exploring, followed by resting. With saccharin solutions over a range of concentrations, however, ingestion is accompanied and followed by persistent grooming and exploring; resting rarely occurs. Gastric preloads of glucose solution promote resting to reinstate the "satiety sequence" after a bout of saccharin ingestion. Therefore, the systemic effects of glucose are sufficient to promote resting. In the absence of postingestive factors, the "satiety sequence" is incomplete following saccharin ingestion as it is after sham-feeding. PMID- 6522492 TI - Decreased food intakes and body weights in rats immunized against pancreatic glucagon. AB - Glucagon, a putative satiety peptide, has decreased food intake and antibodies to glucagon have increased food intake when administered acutely. It may be hypothesized if rats were immunized against glucagon, antibodies would chronically sequester glucagon released during meals and food intake and weight gain would increase. Female Zucker obese (n = 16, BW = 160 +/- 5 g) and lean (n = 16, BW = 123 +/- 3 g) rats were immunized against pancreatic glucagon conjugated to BSA (GG-AB) or BSA alone (BSA-AB). Only GG-AB rats developed glucagon antibody titers (p less than 0.01). During a 16 week period average daily food intakes and body weight gains were decreased 5.0 (p less than 0.001) and 9.4% (p less than 0.001) respectively in GG-AB compared with BSA-AB rats. Free glucagon, measured by RIA using a pancreatic glucagon specific antibody, was decreased 60% at 8 weeks (130 vs. 322 pg/ml, p less than 0.001) and 33% at 16 weeks (206 vs. 307 pg/ml, p less than 0.02). However, total pancreatic glucagon (free and antibody bound) was increased 226% (428 vs. 129 pg/ml, p less than 0.02) at 16 weeks. Thus, although sufficient antibody titers were developed in rats to sequester 76% of the free circulating glucagon from both pancreatic and gut sources, food intakes and body weight gains were decreased, likely as a consequence of an over compensatory increase in total glucagon concentrations. PMID- 6522493 TI - Effects of crepuscular photoenvironment on light-induced behavior of Daphnia. AB - Phototactic response rates in the aquatic crustacean Daphnia magna were found to increase greatly when cultured under a lighting regime that included simulation of sunset and sunrise. The changes in intensity and color of the crepuscular periods are known to be the primary stimulus for vertical migrations of many planktonic forms, and may have importance to many other animals as well. The value of this type of lighting to investigators of animal behavior and physiology is discussed. PMID- 6522494 TI - Inter and intratrial variation in cat locomotor behavior. AB - Four cats were trained to locomote on a treadmill at a variety of speeds. The cats were then filmed at weekly intervals for three weeks; additionally, one of the cats was filmed 35 days prior to the first weekly filming. The films were used to characterize the variation exhibited by the cats in total cycle and swing/stance durations, and in footfall patterns both across the weekly trials and within them, and across speeds. The intertrial comparison indicated the existence of a "training effect" (i.e., a consistent change in gait subsequent to continued training) for only one cat; the cat showed notable reductions in cycle duration at all speeds over time. The intertrial comparison also indicated that a limb (especially a forelimb) could exhibit slightly different (but internally consistent) footfall patterns during different trials. Furthermore, the variation in one forelimb's pattern was usually associated with corresponding, but reciprocal, variation in the other forelimb's pattern. The analysis comparing variation in cycle duration across speeds indicated generally more variability at slow speeds relative to fast speeds. However, maximum or near maximum variability in cycle duration as well as in footfall pattern often occurred at an intermediate speed near the walk-trot transition. The data also demonstrated that both swing and stance durations could be modified at all speeds, although individual cats may consistently modify one more than the other. Additionally, swing duration appeared to be the primary variable during galloping. These results are discussed in terms of their implications for comparative studies of cat locomotor behavior subsequent to surgically induced lesions, and in terms of achieving a better understanding of cat locomotion and its neural control. PMID- 6522495 TI - Aldosterone-stimulated feeding and weight gain: interactions with estrogen? AB - The effects of combined adrenalectomy-ovariectomy and steroid replacement on food intake, spillage, body weight, skeletal growth, and fluid retention were investigated in rats that were fed freely or held to a controlled allotment. The stimulation of feeding and weight gain by aldosterone was not dependent upon the presence of estradiol. Likewise, the suppression of food intake and weight gain brought about by estradiol was not influenced by aldosterone, leading us to conclude that the effects of the two hormones are independent and additive, not interactive. Estradiol and aldosterone each significantly altered the rate of food spillage and in opposite directions. There was a marked reduction in the extent to which estradiol influenced body weight in the controlled feeding situation. Accompanying this was a differential effect of estradiol on body growth. Depending upon feeding condition, estradiol either retarded (free feeding) or accelerated (restricted) skeletal growth. Aldosterone's stimulation of weight gain was nearly proportional across feeding conditions, and it did not influence body growth. PMID- 6522496 TI - Effects of maternal isolation on the development of activity rhythms in infant rats. AB - Motor activity of infant rats was measured continuously from day 3 to day 18 of post-natal age. Mother reared pups maintained on a 12 hour light/12 hour dark cycle (MRLD) show a clear predominance of nocturnal activity on day 31 post conception (post-natal day 9 or 10), 4 days before eye opening. Nocturnal partitioning increases progressively to the time of weaning. Rats reared artificially and in isolation from maternal and sibling contact but in the same light/dark regimen (ARLD) fail to develop clear nocturnal partitioning of motor activity. PMID- 6522497 TI - Comparison of methods for obtaining milk samples from well-nourished and malnourished rats. AB - Milk samples from well-nourished and malnourished rats were obtained at day 14 of lactation by a standard pumping procedure and an alternative procedure in which the pups were allowed to nurse and milk was collected from their stomachs. Samples obtained by the 2 methods from well-nourished rats did not differ in their concentrations of water, protein, and fat. However, among malnourished rats, pumped samples had significantly higher protein and fat concentrations than nursed samples because they were excessively dehydrated. For both dietary groups, a consistently larger proportion of the available milk was obtained by the nursing method. The results suggest that the nursing method is superior to pumping for obtaining milk samples when rats varying in nutritional status are to be compared. PMID- 6522498 TI - Task-dependent rate of recovery from hemilabyrinthectomy: an analysis of swimming and locomotor performances. AB - Guinea pigs were hemilabyrinthectomized or hemicerebellectomized and repeatedly tested on a swimming task and in the open field. Initially, hemilabyrinthectomized animals showed impaired swimming behavior which improved over time: within 21-25 days after the vestibular damage, the animals were able to swim around the tank with coordinated motor patterns. Only a slight tendency to turn towards the lesion side continued to be displayed. Hemicerebellectomized guinea pigs were significantly less impaired in their swimming ability since the very first test session. Both groups of animals showed similar recovery time courses in their open field activity. The data demonstrate a task-dependence in the rate of recovery following a unilateral labyrinthectomy and a substantial contribution by the labyrinth to swimming function. PMID- 6522499 TI - Aversion/attraction of blue jays to microwave irradiation. AB - Aversion/attraction experiments were conducted to determine whether birds can perceive the presence of 2.45 GHz continuous wave microwave irradiation by observing whether Blue Jays (Cyanocitta cristata) exhibit an attraction or an aversion to the field when exposed to 25 and 50 mW/cm2. At power densities of 25 and 50 mW/cm2 Blue Jays exhibit an aversion to microwave irradiation. PMID- 6522500 TI - Regulation of milk ingestion in the infant rat. AB - The aim of this study was to differentiate between maternal and offspring factors involved in the control of milk ingestion. Specifically, we investigated: (1) the temporal pattern of milk ingestion in fasted and non-fasted sucklings; (2) the amount of milk released as compared to that of milk available; and (3) the roles of the age of pups and the lactational stage of the dam as determinants of milk release. There were three general findings. First, the temporal pattern of milk letdown following a 5-hr accumulation consisted of an initial rapid phase followed by a slow "maintenance" phase. Second, a limiting factor in the amount of milk released is the dam's sensitivity to the suckling stimulus which changes as lactation progresses. Third, the age of the pups does not appear to play a determining role in milk release, but the degree of their deprivation does. In summary, it is suggested that compensation for weight loss during a fast in infant rats depends on an interplay between the pups' ability to increase their own intake, the milk availability, and the maternal sensitivity to suckling. PMID- 6522501 TI - Testosterone metabolism and testosterone-dependent characteristics in Japanese quail. AB - In 2 independent experiments, we measured and correlated in maturing male Japanese quail the individual variations in sexual and aggressive behavior, cloacal gland size, testes weight, plasma testosterone concentrations and intracellular testosterone metabolism by hypothalamus and cloacal gland. Cloacal gland area was only weakly related to plasma testosterone levels but was positively correlated with the production of active androgenic metabolites and negatively related to the production of 5 beta-reduced androgens (inactive) in the glandular tissue. Several measures of behavior were correlated with aspects of the testosterone metabolism in the anterior hypothalamus. In both experiments, the behavior of the birds was also strongly correlated with their testes weight and their cloacal gland area but weakly or not at all with their plasma testosterone levels. These studies suggest that testosterone metabolism is involved in the control of hormone action in maturing animals. PMID- 6522502 TI - Ventral tegmental self-stimulation, sensory reactivity and pain reduction in rats selected for high and low rates of lateral hypothalamic self-stimulation. AB - Ventral tegmental self-stimulation (VTSS) was studied in 56 male rats of four genetic lines (LC1-Lo, LC1-Hi, LC2-Lo, LC2-Hi), which differed in their inherent tendencies to self-stimulate the lateral hypothalamus. It was found that LC2-Hi rats engage more in VTSS than do rats of the LC2-Lo line. No differences were observed between the LC1-Hi and -Lo lines. In a second experiment, the LC2-Hi and -Lo lines were compared as to peripheral pain thresholds (36 animals) and VT induced-analgesia (21 animals). Genetically low self-stimulators of the LC2 selection program were found to be more sensitive to acute peripheral pain and to VT analgesic influences than are their high counterparts. Theoretical implications are discussed. PMID- 6522503 TI - Ventromedial hypothalamic lesions in rats: gradual elevation of body weight set point. AB - Bilateral electrolytic (DC) or radiofrequency (RF) lesions of the ventromedial hypothalamic (VMH) area produced two abnormal stages of fattening in adult female rats. Following a negatively-accelerated, curvilinear phase of weight gain which lasted 10 weeks, a linear phase of fattening continued for an additional 30 weeks at a rate approximately double that of operated control rats of the same age. During this second phase of fattening, lesioned rats were food-restricted between the 20th and 26th weeks postlesion. Compared to the rate of weight gain in the linear phase prior to food restriction, the rate over the same weight range following release from food restriction was significantly greater for both DC and RF-lesioned rats. Furthermore, by the 40th postlesion week, the lesioned rats had approached the weight they would have been if not food restricted. These observations suggest that VMH area lesions induce a gradual climbing of the set point for body weight which occurs independently of actual food intake or body weight, and which either follows or is superimposed on the immediate elevation of the set-point responsible for the initial, curvilinear phase of weight gain. As a model for human idiopathic obesity, the long-term effect of VMH area lesions may be more important than the immediate effect. PMID- 6522504 TI - An EEG averaging technique for automated sleep-wake stage identification in the rat. AB - An automated on-line sleep-wake classification system based on an averaging technique of the running EEG is described. It operates for three rats simultaneously and is able to discriminate every 5 sec between wakefulness, light slow-wave sleep, deep slow-wave sleep, and paradoxical sleep. The hippocampal EEG and nuchal EMG are used as input parameters. The EEG is bandpass filtered after which a microcomputer samples and averages the filtered EEG and constructs spectrograms. The variability, the theta-delta ratio and the amplitude of the delta waves are obtained from these spectrograms. Together with the amplitude index of the EMG, these three EEG indices are subjected to decision rules for the identification of sleep-wake states. A first evaluation study showed 93% agreement between visual inspection and computer classification. In a second evaluation study 24-hr recordings were made. Clear circadian patterns emerged especially during the light period: deep slow-wave sleep was enhanced during the initial hours, while paradoxical sleep tended to increase over the latter hours. The outcome of these studies is compared with the results obtained with other automated sleep identification procedures. PMID- 6522505 TI - Composition of essential oil of Ocimum kilimandscharicum grown in Rwanda. PMID- 6522506 TI - Formation of glycyrrhizinic acid in Glycyrrhiza glabra var. typica. PMID- 6522507 TI - Constituents of Mahonia siamensis. PMID- 6522508 TI - Isolation and hypoglycaemic activity of panaxans A, B, C, D and E, glycans of Panax ginseng roots. PMID- 6522509 TI - Partial structure of panaxan A, a hypoglycaemic glycan of Panax ginseng roots. PMID- 6522510 TI - [A clinical psychiatric study on the psychological process of the patients with the terminal cancer]. PMID- 6522511 TI - [Interactions between electrical and carbachol kindling in cats]. PMID- 6522512 TI - [Neuroleptic-induced dopaminergic supersensitivity following intermittent and continuous haloperidol administrations in rats]. PMID- 6522513 TI - [A clinical study of the alcoholics in old age]. PMID- 6522514 TI - [A case of acute recurrent methamphetamine psychosis characterized by fancy delusions of grandeur]. PMID- 6522515 TI - [A case of Pick's disease associated with marked degeneration of the basal ganglia]. PMID- 6522516 TI - [Child and adolescent psychiatry]. PMID- 6522517 TI - [Course of the social life of discharged schizophrenic patients--catamnestic results of long-term study]. PMID- 6522518 TI - [Current situation of psychiatric occupational therapy in Japan]. PMID- 6522519 TI - [State dependent modification of auditory brain stem potentials]. AB - It is well known, amplitudes and latencies of auditory brain stem potentials are almost independent of viligance state. Contrary to that, simple cognitive requirements effect amplitude changes (enhancement of variance, amplitude reduction) in a part 2/3) of the subjects. PMID- 6522520 TI - [Neuropsychological aspects of disorders of higher functions of the cerebral cortex in children with speech disorders]. AB - A complex and multiaspects study of the high cerebral function--speech, gnosis, praxis, gesture and mimics has been coducted on 98 children with proved speech defects--alalia, dyslalia, dysgraphia, dyslexia and stammering. In high percentage of the children various focal neurological signs have been established (so called soft neurological symptoms). Very high was the percentage of the children with visual-space defects. Rhythm gnosis and praxis suffered mostly in children with motor alalia. The tests for gesture and mimics prevailed. The unified mechanism of the disturbed development of the speech and the other high cerebral functions were discussed. PMID- 6522521 TI - [Integration of Leonhard's individual therapeutic approaches in ambulatory psychotherapy]. AB - Two methods of outpatient-psychotherapy embodying essential elements of the "Individualtherapy" developed by Leonhard are shown to be efficient treatment alternatives for different forms of neuroses. PMID- 6522522 TI - [Clinical and cisternographic differential diagnosis between presenile dementia and Hakim syndrome]. AB - The authors compared with regard clinical and the radionuclide cisternography examination 27 patients with Hakim-Syndrome and 11 with Alzheimer-Disease. In all cases, dementia was a stable symptom. Patients with Hakim-Syndrome have an early gait disturbance, ataxia and epileptic seizures. Only in case of patients with Alzheimer-Disease we found aphasia, apraxia and psychotic disorders. 24 hours after the injection radionuclide cisternography showed ventricular retention and absence of parasagital accumulation only in patients with Hakim-Syndrome. Lighter changes (mixed cisternographic pattern) were found in patients with Alzheimer Disease as well. PMID- 6522523 TI - [Case report of tumors in the area of the foramen magnum]. AB - This case study describes a spindle cell glioblastoma of the medulla oblongata (foramen magnum region) in a decreased patient aged 35 years. At the beginning of the illness which lasted about 7 months, the symptoms were quite uncharacteristic, and major neurological failure accompanied by tetraparesis and bulbar symptoms appeared only during the terminal phase, which was of several weeks duration. The specific clinical and diagnostic features of tumours at the magnum foramen, which account for only about 1% of all tumours of the CNS, and the difficulties they entail are described. PMID- 6522524 TI - Utilization of patient expertise in medication groups. AB - Medication groups can be an effective way for the psychiatrist to assess changing medication requirements, while also informing patients about the medications that they are taking. Groups can also facilitate patients' own sense of expertise by allowing them to teach each other and to share their own experience with medications. Two different groups are described that encourage chronically mentally ill patients to gain a sense of expertise about their medication. These groups increase patient involvement in their own medication and seem to increase medication compliance, while also decreasing the amount of physician time required to provide effective treatment. PMID- 6522525 TI - Residential instability in a psychiatric emergency setting. PMID- 6522526 TI - The patients rights representative program: design of an ombudsman service for mental patients. AB - The article describes an experimental rights program operating in mental hospitals in one state's department of public welfare. The presentation of the program's internal/external design includes information on goals and objectives, structure, work activities, and reviews of the program to date. The program is linked to the general trend toward developing ombudsman services; several additional research needs are identified. PMID- 6522527 TI - A new format for the community meeting. AB - A new and more elaborate format of the Community Meeting was introduced in order to enhance patients' growth, by diminishing their regression into symbiotic dependency and by providing an opportunity for leadership and initiative, for self-reliance and self-efficiency. At the same time, the C.M. provided an opportunity for the staff to change its role and self-image of a protective, patronizing authority figure to one involving a more equal and more democratic relationship with the patients. PMID- 6522528 TI - Cross-cultural conceptions of mental illness. AB - Previous published papers by the author addressed the issue of the epidemiology of mental illness across different cultures. This paper departs from this basis and stresses the need for examining mental illness within the context of any given culture. Thus, the application of rigorous criteria, such as those specified by DSM III or ICD-9, to all cultures, regardless of how different behaviors are viewed within the culture is deemed to be specious. Moreover, the treatment of mental illness has been shown to be related to the perception of mental illness within any given culture and is clearly affected by social norms. Mental health professionals from over 20 countries were administered a questionnaire querying whether hypothetical cases would be diagnosed as mentally ill and if so what would be their diagnosis. Differences between professionals were discussed in light of cross-cultural variations. Suggestions for future research are offered. PMID- 6522530 TI - Further comments on the insanity defense in the aftermath of the Hinckley trial. PMID- 6522529 TI - Time perception and psychological well-being in the elderly. AB - Perception of time is a concept that has interested gerontologists for many years, but why "time flies" as the years go by is not well understood. Two hundred and ninety-six institutionalized and community dwelling elderly (X = 75.4 years) were administered a battery of psychological measures to test the relationship between emotional well-being and subjective speed of time. Faster time perceptions were associated with better psychological functioning--less clinical depression, enhanced sense of purpose and control, and "younger" perceived age--while the opposite perception held true for elders with time "on their hands." Time also moved slower for many institutionalized elders. The clinical implications for treating older people in terms of utilizing their time more effectively and meaningfully are discussed. PMID- 6522531 TI - The treatment-resistant patient and the need to stay crazy. AB - This paper reviews treatment-resistant patients with emphasis on two case studies and the possible dynamic issues which may have contributed to a psychological need to remain psychotic. Possible treatment approaches are considered, as are issues of organicity, staff reactions, family dynamics, and the social question of where these patients will receive treatment. PMID- 6522532 TI - [Research in county and district psychiatric hospitals]. AB - Scientific research in psychiatric county-hospitals could substantially contribute to the further development of the psychosocial practice. Although the hospitals in principle are open to scientific activities, a genuin integration of research into these institutiones has not yet come about. The study then goes on to discuss perspectives for research, methodological issues and advances organizational proposals regarding the overcoming of these obstacles. PMID- 6522533 TI - [Uses and disturbing effect of videodocumentation of diagnostic interviews]. AB - Videorecording of diagnostic interviews is reviewed with respect to its effects upon patient behaviour. If this behaviour is to be a model of the behaviour outside the diagnostic situation, videorecording should not essentially alter behaviour. It can be derived from psychological findings that due to the patient's necessary consent to videorecording, but also by the recording situation itself, patient behaviour is modified. The advantage of audiovision compared to audiorecording to reach a more objective judgement is limited by the very few possibilities of evaluation of nonverbal behaviour. Empirical studies comparing the relative effects of video- and audiorecording have shown that videorecording has more disturbing effects on patients. If these disturbances do have differential effects at certain problems and personality structures of patients using the artifacts of videorecording should be a possibility for the efficient employment of videorecording diagnostic interviews. PMID- 6522534 TI - Comparison of process-reactive measures in DSM-III diagnosed schizophrenics. PMID- 6522536 TI - Age-group classification of male alcoholics as a function of MMPI experimental scales. PMID- 6522535 TI - Correlation of moral development with use of birth control and pregnancy among teenage girls. PMID- 6522537 TI - How similar is college teaching to psychotherapy? PMID- 6522538 TI - Children's problems in peer relations and severity of behavior disorders. PMID- 6522539 TI - Sexual dissatisfaction of female alcoholics. PMID- 6522540 TI - Stress, role ambiguity, and role conflict. PMID- 6522541 TI - Validity of the beta II for alcoholics. PMID- 6522542 TI - Adolescent mothers and fetal loss, what is learned from experience? PMID- 6522543 TI - Attitudes toward AIDS, herpes II, and toxic shock syndrome. PMID- 6522544 TI - Prediction of successful weight management from personality and demographic data. PMID- 6522545 TI - Effect of counselors' self-references on subjects first impressions in an experimental psychological interview. PMID- 6522546 TI - Attitudes toward clinical assessment by members of the AABT. PMID- 6522547 TI - Withdrawal and matching strategies in reducing attack-instigated aggression. PMID- 6522548 TI - Effects of andragogical educational experience on andragogical orientation of nurses. PMID- 6522549 TI - Rape and post-traumatic stress in multiple personality. PMID- 6522550 TI - Amelioration of phantom-organ pain with hypnosis and behavior modification: brief case report. PMID- 6522551 TI - Lethality of method of suicide among a youthful sample of committers: an examination of the intent hypothesis. PMID- 6522552 TI - Comparative validity of the MMPI-168 and the MMPI-168E in discrimination of neurotic and psychotic MMPI profiles. PMID- 6522553 TI - Emotionality and the course of collagen arthritis in the rat. PMID- 6522554 TI - Changes in rational beliefs among treated alcoholics. PMID- 6522555 TI - Normal peers' reactions toward autistic children following a tutoring experience. PMID- 6522556 TI - Satz-Mogel short form of WAIS with older psychiatric patients. PMID- 6522558 TI - Relationship of state and trait anxiety to blood pressure of black women. PMID- 6522557 TI - Impact of stress and locus of control on the concept of self. PMID- 6522559 TI - Hemispheric asymmetry of cognitive processing in schizophrenics. PMID- 6522560 TI - Psychometric properties of King's Rodent Emotionality Rating Scale. PMID- 6522561 TI - Alcohol, frustration, and direct physical aggression: a methodological point of view. PMID- 6522562 TI - Relationship of anxiety and depression to age and sex in an acute psychiatric population. PMID- 6522563 TI - Behavioral treatment of trichotillomania. PMID- 6522564 TI - Effects of varying the practice stimuli on clinical hypothesis-formation. PMID- 6522565 TI - Task-specific EMG-characteristics during mental training. PMID- 6522566 TI - [Competent for questions of humanity? Problematic aspects of a patient-centered self concept of psychosocial experts in medicine]. PMID- 6522567 TI - [Significance of the patient's theory of disease for the physician-patient relation]. PMID- 6522568 TI - [Hormonal growth retardation--a psychologically required intervention]. PMID- 6522569 TI - [Diagnosis of drug compliance by questioning the patient--a study of essential hypertension]. PMID- 6522570 TI - Jet gun or syringe? A trial of alternative methods of BCG vaccination. PMID- 6522571 TI - Continuous epidemiological mapping--a needed public health watchdog. PMID- 6522572 TI - Screening for hypertension in a working population. PMID- 6522573 TI - The prevalence of public health significance of Toxoplasma gondii in domestic cats in the Niger Delta. PMID- 6522574 TI - Teenage childbearing, family size and birth interval: a study in Singapore. PMID- 6522575 TI - Health and housing conditions in public sector housing estates. PMID- 6522576 TI - Quality of emergency room care during the Israel doctors' strike. PMID- 6522577 TI - Identification of lead in Asian cosmetics--a test for use by health visitors. PMID- 6522578 TI - Evaluation of lifestyle risk assessment and health education program. PMID- 6522579 TI - [New diagnostic aspects of aortic aneurysms with special reference to computed tomography]. PMID- 6522580 TI - [Roentgen anatomy of canine arteries]. PMID- 6522581 TI - [Interventional radiologic procedures in bilateral masses of the renal parenchyma]. PMID- 6522582 TI - [Lymphographic structure of the lymph nodes in invasive cervix carcinoma]. PMID- 6522584 TI - Clinically occult breast cancer in symptomatic and asymptomatic women. PMID- 6522583 TI - [Lymphography and phlebography for clarifying the causes of edema formation in patients with trauma to the lower limbs]. PMID- 6522585 TI - [Significance of the diaphragm in disseminating insidious inflammatory diseases of the abdominal organs]. PMID- 6522586 TI - [Roentgen diagnosis of an esophageal leiomyoma with multiple nodules]. PMID- 6522587 TI - [Clinical-roentgenologic characteristics of legionnaires' disease (legionellosis)]. PMID- 6522588 TI - [Proposed international nomenclature for dysmorphogenesis]. PMID- 6522589 TI - [Roentgen picture of subperiostal and subchondral resorption in primary hyperparathyroidism]. PMID- 6522590 TI - [Use of CCD-sensors in a roentgen fluoroscopic system]. PMID- 6522591 TI - [Radiation risk in roentgen diagnosis]. PMID- 6522592 TI - [Roentgenologic differential diagnosis of jaw cysts]. AB - Using routine X-ray pictures the different types of jaw cysts are presented and the characteristic findings of the individual cyst types are emphasised. An exact diagnosis can often be made using only the panorama tomograph, particularly if the topographic position of the cyst and any relationship to the dental system are taken into account. The differential diagnosis becomes difficult in cases where the peripheral compact lamella is missing or the bony border is not sharp, and in cases of honeycombed, multilocular, polycystic form. In such cases tumours, metastases and systemic diseases must be included in the differential diagnosis of various jaw cysts. PMID- 6522593 TI - [The mandibular angle in the orthopantomogram]. AB - In the orthopantomogram a reproducible determination of the gonial angle is possible. When comparing two orthopantomograms of the same patient, which were taken during routine clinical examination, a variation of the arithmetic mean of the gonial angle by 1 degrees was found. The value of the gonial angle measured in the orthopantomogram is 2.2 degrees to 3.6 degrees smaller than in the lateral cephalometric radiograph. In single cases, however, a wider range occurred. Therefore in determining the gonial angle, the lateral cephalometric radiograph should be preferred. PMID- 6522594 TI - [Preoperative embolization of an infected aneurysm of the maxillary artery following a gunshot wound]. PMID- 6522595 TI - Intracranial supernumerary tooth. Case report. AB - Case report of an accidentally diagnosed supernumerary tooth in the superior orbital fissure. Computed tomography (CT) contributed with a more precise localization of the tooth being situated between the orbit and the brain. CT also showed that there was no cyst or other pathological process around the supernumerary tooth, which is plausible and frequently reported in the literature. PMID- 6522596 TI - [Morphology of atypical and metastatic pheochromocytoma in computed tomography]. AB - 14 cases of pheochromocytoma were investigated by CT including two of them in full detail. The morphology of pheochromocytoma and the changing CT picture with increasing tumor size are discussed. Diagnostic procedure and usefulness of CT as well as differential diagnosis of adrenal tumors are pointed out. Adrenal and extra-adrenal localization of pheochromocytoma and signs of their malignant degeneration are demonstrated. PMID- 6522597 TI - [Osseous sequelae to tenosynovitis in the fingers and toes in chronic polyarthritis]. AB - In rheumatoid arthritis, concomitant tenosynovitis causes erosions and different forms of demineralisation close to the margins of the phalangeal diaphyses. PMID- 6522598 TI - [New rapid imaging procedure for nuclear spin tomography]. PMID- 6522599 TI - Magnetic resonance in medicine and biology. PMID- 6522600 TI - Diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases with NMR imaging. PMID- 6522601 TI - Proton imaging at 3.4 MHz. Thorax and abdomen. PMID- 6522602 TI - Clinical NMR imaging of the abdomen. PMID- 6522603 TI - NMR proton imaging at 3.4 MHz--genitourinary tract and pelvis. PMID- 6522604 TI - Studies of NMR-relaxation-times in malignant tumours and normal tissues of the human thyroid gland. PMID- 6522605 TI - In vivo measurement of T2 in physiological fluids. PMID- 6522607 TI - Questions to ask before buying an NMR unit. PMID- 6522606 TI - A systematic approach to the design and installation of NMR suites with particular reference to the briefing and feasibility stage. PMID- 6522608 TI - Your watch and NMR imaging. PMID- 6522609 TI - A mini-imaging system based on a 12.5-cm bore magnet. PMID- 6522610 TI - Methods for correcting static field inhomogeneity effects in NMR imaging. PMID- 6522611 TI - Field dependence of relaxation times. Nuclear magnetic relaxation dispersion. PMID- 6522613 TI - Comparison of in vivo and in vitro NMR relaxation times. PMID- 6522612 TI - Biodynamics and NMR. PMID- 6522615 TI - Nuclear magnetic relaxation in weak fields. Application to the study of blood. PMID- 6522614 TI - Pulse sequence variations in NMR imaging for optimal discrimination of pathological tissue changes. PMID- 6522616 TI - NMR imaging in neurological disease. PMID- 6522617 TI - NMR diagnosis by T2 imaging. PMID- 6522618 TI - [DNA synthesis by phosphotriester method]. PMID- 6522619 TI - Constriction of fetal ductus arteriosus by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs:study of additional 34 drugs. AB - Our study on transplacental effects of 24 non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) on the fetal ductus arteriosus of full-term pregnant rats was extended to 34 other NSAID using the same whole-body freezing technique (1). In total, 58 NSAID were evaluated, and their potency in usual clinical doses was classified into 4 grades. Indomethacin and 15 other NSAID caused strong fetal ductal constriction, phenylbutazone and 14 other NSAID caused moderate, and aspirin and 16 other NSAID caused mild constriction of the fetal ductus arteriosus. Salicylamides, and six out of eight basic NSAID did not constrict the fetal ductus arteriosus. Further clinical implications of these results are discussed. PMID- 6522620 TI - Cardiovascular responses to an isosterically modified prostaglandin analog in conscious dogs. AB - The cardiovascular effects of oral and intravenous administration of 0.05 and 0.1 mg/kg of the isosterically modified prostaglandin (PG) analog, (+)- 4-(3-[3-[2-(1 hydroxycyclohexyl)ethyl]-4-oxo-thiazolidinyl] propyl) benzoic acid were ascertained in conscious mongrels. After 0.05 mg/kg p.o., mean arterial pressure (MAP), obtained from indwelling catheters, fell from 105 +/- 1 to 100 +/- 4 mm Hg and total peripheral resistance (TPR) decreased from 0.062 +/- 0.006 to 0.039 +/- 0.002 mm Hg/ml/min. Cardiac output (CO), measured via electromagnetic flow probes, rose from 1.8 +/- 0.2 to 2.6 +/- 0.1 l/min and heart rate from 109 +/- 13 to 128 +/- 8 beats/min. The 0.1 mg/kg p.o. dose produced similar results. Intravenous injection of 0.1 mg/kg immediately dropped MAP from 103 +/- 6 to 58 +/- 3 mm Hg and TPR from 0.049 +/- .006 to .014 +/- .002 mm Hg/ml/min. CO climbed from 2.3 +/- 0.2 to 5.3 +/- 0.5 l/min and HR increased from 126 +/- 9 to 254 +/- 14 beats/min. Stroke volume was not affected by either oral or intravenous administration of the PG analog. Pretreatment with 100 micrograms/kg timolol blunted the CO and HR responses to 0.1 mg/kg iv of the PG analog without affecting the depressor response. Metaraminol infused during injection of 0.1 mg/kg iv of the PG analog diminished all responses. When compared to the cardiovascular effects of hydralazine and nitroprusside, the profile of the PG analog activity closely resembled that produced by the arterial vasodilator, hydralazine; in contrast, nitroprusside (which also dilates veins) reduced stroke volume, but did not significantly affect HR. In conclusion, dilation of the resistance vessels by the PG analog decreased MAP and TPR and reflexly elevated CO and HR in conscious dogs. PMID- 6522622 TI - [Selected dermatological problems in the armed forces for 40 years of the Polish People's Republic]. PMID- 6522621 TI - Leukotriene C4 production during hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction in isolated rat lungs. AB - Leukotriene inhibitors preferentially inhibit hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction in isolated rat lungs. If lipoxygenase products are involved in the hypoxic pressor response they might be produced during acute alveolar hypoxia and a leukotriene inhibitor should block both the vasoconstriction and leukotriene production that occurs in response to hypoxia. We investigated in isolated blood perfused rat lungs whether leukotriene C4 (LTC4) could be recovered from whole lung lavage fluid during ongoing hypoxic vasoconstriction. Lung lavage from individual rats had slow reacting substance (SRS)-like myotropic activity by guinea pig ileum bioassay. Pooled lavage (10 lungs) as analyzed by reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography had an ultraviolet absorbing component at the retention time for LTC4. At radioimmunoassay, and SRS myotropic activity by bioassay. LTC4 was not found during normoxic ventilation, during normoxic ventilation after a hypoxic pressor response, or during vasoconstriction elicited by KCl. Diethylcarbamazine citrate, a leukotriene synthesis blocker, concomitantly inhibited the hypoxic vasoconstriction and LTC4 production. Thus 5 lipoxygenase products may play a role in the sequence of events leading to hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction. PMID- 6522623 TI - [Acetylation phenotype in patients with eczema]. PMID- 6522624 TI - [Detection of allergy to ethereal oils using balsams of a basic test set]. PMID- 6522625 TI - [Acid phosphatase of peripheral blood neutrophils in patients with psoriasis]. PMID- 6522626 TI - [Syphilis in homosexuals treated as outpatients in dermatological and venereological dispensaries in Jelenia Gora 1978-1982]. PMID- 6522627 TI - [Analysis of cases of dermatomycoses with reference to zoonotic mycoses in railway workers treated at the Research Center of the Railway Health Service 1978 1982]. PMID- 6522628 TI - [Fibrosarcoma protuberans of the skin (dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans)]. PMID- 6522629 TI - [The problem of the death drive]. PMID- 6522630 TI - [How do we arrive at a "constitutional intolerance" to war? Remarks on the Einstein-Freud correspondence 50 years later]. PMID- 6522631 TI - [Fear of dying and destructiveness]. PMID- 6522632 TI - [Patricide. On the background of Freud's "mass psychology and ego analysis"]. PMID- 6522633 TI - [A quiet protest from the province of psychoanalysis]. PMID- 6522634 TI - Early esophageal carcinoma accompanied by esophageal varices: a case report. AB - This is a case report of early esophageal carcinoma accompanied by esophageal varices. Our conclusion from the experience is that when an esophagogram is performed on a patient with esophageal varices an air-contrast study in addition to an ordinary barium study should be performed as a routine examination. PMID- 6522635 TI - Sclerosing hepatic carcinoma: a report of a case treated with a transcatheter arterial embolization. AB - Sclerosing hepatic carcinoma (SHC) is one of the variant primary liver carcinomas and is characterized by intense fibrosis which surrounds slender cords of neoplastic cells. We report on a 53-year-old male patient with SHC describing the radiological findings and clinical course after a transcatheter arterial embolization. To our knowledge, this was only the second reported case of SHC in Japan. PMID- 6522636 TI - Usefulness of liver scan using 99mTc-phytate in diagnosis of partial diaphragmatic eventration. AB - Partial diaphragmatic eventration, when occurring at uncommon sites, is difficult to diagnose when only using a plain X-p and fluoroscopy. We experienced an unusual variety of this disorder. In order to diagnose this case, liver scintigraphy using 99mTc-phytate was performed, and we were able to make a definite diagnosis without other invasive examinations. PMID- 6522637 TI - Roentgen diagnosis of carcinoma of the postoperative stomach. AB - Between December 1968 and December 1983, the authors treated 30 patients requiring gastrectomy for carcinoma of the postoperative stomach. The patients were divided into two groups: 13 patients were operated on for primary carcinoma lesions (Group A) and 17 patients for benign lesions (Group B). Respective areas of carcinoma development and length of time from initial operation to the discovery of carcinoma of the postoperative stomach were investigated. A period of less than 10 years elapsed in 11 of the patients (84.6%) in Group A and advanced carcinoma developed in the area of the suture in many patients. In contrast, a period of more than 10 years elapsed in 16 of the patients (94.1%) in Group B. Early carcinoma was found in four out of six patients after 10-20 years, whereas advanced carcinoma was found in six out of 10 patients after more than 20 years. Carcinoma developed in the gastric remnant or the area of anastomosis in many patients. This suggests that carcinoma that is discovered within 10 years after operation might have been missed at the initial operation or might have recurred. We therefore defined carcinoma discovered more than 10 years after operation as primary stump carcinoma. To determine areas of carcinoma development and macroscopic findings, 91 patients with primary stump carcinoma (consisting of 18 of our patients and 73 patients from the Japanese literature) were compared with those with cancer in the upper third of the stomach (unoperated) (181 of our patients). Primary stump carcinoma was often found in the area anastomosed with the Billroth II operation, and primary early cancer in the gastric stump tended to be protuberant rather than excavative.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6522638 TI - Bilateral synchronous renal cancer. AB - Six cases of concurrent bilateral renal cancer are reported. These cases represented 3.7% of 163 renal cancers in our institute during the period 1965 1983. Five of the six cases were examined by CT. One earlier case received only selective renal arteriography. Three patients who had extrarenal metastases at the initial presentation showed poor prognoses and died within a year. The other three showed better prognoses. One had bilateral multiple renal cell cancer which was not associated with von Hippel-Lindau disease. One survived 4.5 years after unilateral nephrectomy and chemotherapy. One received unilateral total embolization combined with partial embolization of the contralateral kidney and is still well 1.5 years after initial diagnosis, without evidence of remote metastases. The smaller tumors of bilateral renal cancer were early in stage and were detected by CT. CT is thought to be the best method for detecting small asymptomatic tumors amenable to conservative surgery. Angiography is thought to be essential for the planning of embolization and partial nephrectomy. Although it is an interesting question whether each tumor has a multicentric origin or whether one is a metastasis of another, no criteria seem to exist which are completely satisfactory for making this distinction. PMID- 6522639 TI - Internal jugular phlebectasia in children. AB - Two pediatric cases with internal jugular phlebectasia which showed specific clinical and radiographic features are described. CT and venography were useful in the diagnosis. Differential diagnosis of cervical masses which enlarge with Valsalva maneuver are also discussed with a review of the literature. PMID- 6522640 TI - A simple method using film monitoring for Cf-252 brachytherapy: technical note. AB - A method was devised for monitoring of the neutron and gamma emitting isotope, Cf 252, using film autoradiography. A wide variety of loading arrangements can be used in experimental and clinical studies and the film method provides a permanent record and a simple system to record the arrangement of all sources used. PMID- 6522641 TI - When and how can we improve precision in radiotherapy? PMID- 6522642 TI - Enhancement of misonidazole radiosensitization by buthionine sulphoximine. AB - The influence of glutathione (GSH) depletion on the radiation response and on the radiosensitizing efficiency of misonidazole (miso) has been studied in two types of mouse tumour and in mouse skin. Buthionine sulphoximine (BSO) has been administered in a variety of regimes, leading to a maximal depletion of GSH to 37% of control values in one tumour (CA MT) and 61% in the other (SA FA). Pretreatment with BSO did not alter the radiosensitivity of either tumour when treated with X-rays. It had a slight effect on the sensitizing efficiency of miso, corresponding to a factor less than three, which was detectable only at the highest X-ray doses used. No enhancement of miso efficiency was seen with 5 daily fractions. Prolonged administration of BSO resulted in a slight radiosensitization of mouse skin. When combined with miso the effect was very small and was only detectable at high X-ray doses. BSO however produced a marked enhancement of the acute toxicity of miso, as judged by lethality after large single doses. PMID- 6522643 TI - Plasma levels of neurotensin in gastroplasty for morbid obesity. AB - Fasting and postprandial plasma levels of the tridecapeptide neurotensin were determined in ten women before and three months after gastroplasty for morbid obesity. Measurements were by radioimmunoassay in unextracted plasma with two antisera recognizing intact neurotensin (NT1-13) or intact neurotensin together with small C-terminal fragments, which may circulate as metabolites of neurotensin. Levels of both intact neurotensin and C-terminal immunoreactivity in obese women were in the same order of magnitude as those found previously in lean persons. Fasting levels measured with both antisera were significantly reduced following gastroplasty (P less than 0.01). Meal-stimulated levels and increments were unchanged. The cause of this prolonged reduction is at present unknown, but may be a reduced luminal stimulation of the small intestine or an altered vagal tonus following gastroplasty. PMID- 6522644 TI - Distribution and heterogeneity of immunoreactive cholecystokinin (CCK) in the mucosa of the porcine gastrointestinal tract. AB - The concentration and molecular nature of cholecystokinin-like immunoreactivity (CCK-LI) in extracts of porcine intestinal mucosa were determined using sequence specific radioimmunoassays. Highest CCK concentrations were measured in duodenal mucosa (258 +/- 60 pmol/g in the distal duodenum) followed by jejunal mucosa (204 +/- 36 pmol/g in the proximal jejunum) and pylorus (51 +/- 9 pmol/g). All other gastrointestinal regions proximal to the pylorus and distal to the jejunum contained less than 20 pmol/g. Pancreas contained less than 1 pmol/g. Gel chromatography in 6 M urea revealed four immunoreactive forms and this was confirmed by reverse-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). The predominant molecular form in acid extracts of duodenal mucosa resembled CCK-33 although high concentrations of the larger CCK form ('CCK-58') and of the form intermediate in size between CCK-33 and CCK-8 were measured. A molecular form resembling CCK-8 was the principal form in neutral extracts of the duodenum. PMID- 6522645 TI - Pituitary-adrenal mediation of bombesin-induced inhibition of gastrointestinal transit in rats. AB - Centrally administered bombesin (0.1-3.5 micrograms, i.c.v.) inhibits gastrointestinal transit of a charcoal meal in a dose-related manner in rats. The roles of pituitary and adrenal glands in the mediation of this effect were assessed. The inhibition of gastrointestinal transit associated with bombesin (0.5 microgram, i.c.v.) was prevented by either hypophysectomy or adrenalectomy. Bombesin-induced inhibition of gastrointestinal transit is therefore mediated through the pituitary-adrenal axis. This is in contrast to bombesin-induced scratching and inhibition of gastric acid secretion which are not markedly influenced by either hypophysectomy or adrenalectomy. PMID- 6522646 TI - [Significance of anti-HBc IgM in acute hepatitis and hepatitis B associated chronic liver disease]. AB - To determine the diagnostic value of anti-HBc IgM in acute viral hepatitis or chronic liver disease B, Anti-HBc IgM was measured by a RIA and an ELISA in 32 patients with acute hepatitis (4 with type A, 15 with type B and 13 with type non A non B), 18 patients with chronic hepatitis and 19 patients with liver cirrhosis. In acute hepatitis B, anti-HBc IgM (both RIA and ELISA) was positive in 14(93%) of 15 patients and its cut-off index value was very high. However, anti-HBc IgM was always negative in one patient with typical course of type B. In 1 of 4 patients with acute hepatitis A and 2 of 13 with non A non B, anti-HBc IgM (RIA and/or ELISA) was positive. These 3 patients were positive for anti-HBs at the onset of disease, so we could not made the diagnosis of acute hepatitis B. Anti-HBc IgM was positive in 21(51%) of 37 patients with HBsAg-positive chronic liver disease by RIA and in 11 (30%) by ELISA, and its cut-off index value was relatively low. These results suggest that when adequate cut-off index value is established, anti-HBc analysis is useful for differentiating recent and current infections from remote infections. PMID- 6522647 TI - [Thallium-201 chloride dynamic analysis using thallium-201 chloride and sodium iodide-131 thyroid subtraction scintigraphy]. AB - The mechanism of 201Tl chloride accumulation is unclear in thyroid gland and thyroid tumor. This report examines 108 patients that received thyroid scintigraphy examinations with both 201Tl chloride and sodium 131I. The patients were diagnosed clinically and histologically whenever possible. The ROI were obtained by subtraction imaging with both isotopes and by subtraction positive and negative areas of imaging. Dynamic curves were obtained for 201Tl chloride per square unit of each ROI. The dynamic curve in the radioiodide-accumulated area was examined. The data indicate that the clearance rate of 201Tl chloride (T15) was correlated with the sodium 131I uptake rate at 24 h (r = 0.70). PMID- 6522648 TI - [Leakage of gaseous 125I during radioiodination using Na125I]. AB - Gaseous 125I was present at 48 +/- 33 and 122 +/- 15 kBq in Na125I vials (74 MBq) purchased from Amersham and New England Nuclear, respectively. Gaseous 125I leaked to the amount of 37 +/- 22 and 130 +/- 67 kBq during radioiodination by the chloramine-T and the enzymatic methods using 18.5 MBq Na125I, respectively. Radioactive wastes from radioiodination using 18.5 MBq Na125I evolved about 5.5 kBq of gaseous 125I in first day of storage. PMID- 6522649 TI - [Development of an automatic synthesis system for cyclotron--produced radiopharmaceuticals: 15O-water and 11C-cyanide]. PMID- 6522650 TI - [Determination of triiodothyronine in the serum by a magnetic-T3 kit]. PMID- 6522652 TI - [The measurement of serum triiodothyronine using radioimmunoassay method- evaluation of a magnetic T3 radioimmunoassay kit]. PMID- 6522651 TI - [An experience with 99mTc-hydroxy methylene diphosphonate (99mTc-HMDP) as a new bone scanning agent]. PMID- 6522653 TI - [Leakage of radioactive iodine from the contaminated floor of a radioiodination room]. PMID- 6522654 TI - Reactions of recoil tritium atoms with toluene and benzonitrile. AB - Recoil tritium reactions in the aromatic ring were investigated with toluene and benzonitrile in the moderator-free and the C6F6-moderated systems in terms of the intramolecular tritium distribution, the relative tritiation rate, and the isotope effect in toluene. The reactions free from hexafluorobenzene are in essential agreement with non-selective nature shown in hot atom reactions. The addition of the moderator to the systems changes more markedly the uniform labeling to o,p-orientation in toluene than in benzonitrile, and the 1.17 PhCH3/PhCN tritiation rate (in PhCH3-d8/PhCN, 0.942) to the 1.89 PhCH3/PhCN one (in PhCH3-d8/PhCN, 1.51) when the mole ratio of C6F6/substrate is about 100. These findings agree with the electrophilic nature of the tritium at lower energies. The H/D isotope effect in the moderated system is given as 1.89/1.51 or 1.25 and is substantially the same as that (1.24) in the moderator-free system. PMID- 6522655 TI - [Access control system for a radioisotope laboratory with a personal computer]. AB - This paper describes an access control system for a radioisotope laboratory. The system is composed of a personal computer, three card readers, an electric auto door, a hand foot cloth monitor, a monitor TV, a video tape recorder (VTR), and a thermo sensor. The personal computer controls other equipment with a registered user's number. When a user inserts an identification card into the card reader, the computer stores the gate number, the user's number and the time; it processes those data and prints out a document. The VTR records the person passing through the gate to identify if he uses his card. It works only when the sensor catches users being within its sensitive area. This system proved to effectively prevent intrusion into the area of an unregistered person or release of contaminated materials from that area. PMID- 6522656 TI - [Desorption behavior of carrier free tritium from the inner surface of a glass ampoule]. AB - The desorption behavior of tritium from the glass ampoule which originally contained 37 GBq of carrier free tritium gas was studied by etching the surface with a diluted hydrofluoric acid solution or by heating at the constant rate up to 800 degrees C. The total amount of tritium sorbed on the inner surface of the ampoule was found to be 3.9 +/- 0.7 GBq. This value corresponded to more than 10% of tritium contained in the ampoule. The release rate of tritiated water (HTO) was 2.3 kBq/cm2.min, and the amount of HTO desorbed was strongly depended on the atmosphere. Thus, special precaution should be paid to the processing of a vessel once containing such an amount of tritium. PMID- 6522657 TI - [Fundamental and clinical evaluation of a magnetic FT4 kit]. PMID- 6522658 TI - [The measurement of serum thyroxine--the evaluation of a magnetic FT4 radioimmunoassay kit]. PMID- 6522659 TI - [Fundamental and clinical study of a magnetic T3 radioimmunoassay kit]. PMID- 6522660 TI - [Evaluation of new radioimmunoassay kits for determination of the serum CEA level]. PMID- 6522661 TI - [The measurement of serum ferritin by radioimmunoassay methods--the evaluation of a magnetic ferritin kit]. PMID- 6522662 TI - [Disposition of radioactive organic liquid waste by incineration--pretreatment for incineration by demulsification]. PMID- 6522663 TI - [Binding of 67Ga with various acid glycosaminoglycans]. PMID- 6522664 TI - Occupational health experience with organic additives. AB - For many decades, interest in occupational medicine has been focused on the wide variety of organic additives, which includes a large number of substances, for example, dyestuffs, pigments, and auxiliaries for the textile, leather, and paper industries. The reason is that, if the recommended precautions are not observed, there is a risk of exposure to most of these substances during both production and use. Moreover, over the years, some additives have caused concern and aroused suspicion regarding adverse effects on health. In order to deal with health problems in this field, it is important to be aware of how, what, and where occupational diseases or accidents arise. Much knowledge has been gained about these, and it would be an impossible task to give a systematic survey of the data that have accumulated, especially since it is necessary to take account of the problem of exposure to more than one substance. Thus an attempt is made to report on occupational health experience in general, and to demonstrate how an industrial hygienist may approach the many and various problems. Some epidemiological studies on organic additives (auramine, anthraquinone dyestuffs, organic dyes, etc.) are discussed. PMID- 6522665 TI - The evaluation of the carcinogenicity of environmental substances. AB - A review of the current status of carcinogenicity assessment leads to a number of observations that raise specific questions about the conduct and techniques of these bioassays. An approach is suggested that avoids many of the scientific controversies associated with the use of excessively high doses that cause secondary toxicity, leading to a promoter-like effect. Recommendations are made to utilize toxicokinetic data that relate metabolic characteristics of a chemical to its potential carcinogenic effects. PMID- 6522666 TI - Evaluation of pesticides which pose carcinogenicity potential in animal testing. I. Developing a tumor data evaluation system. AB - A modified-Squire carcinogen ranking system has been developed by the Worker Health and Safety Unit of the California Department of Food and Agriculture to deal with pesticides which pose carcinogenic potentials. For pesticide products that have been adequately tested with sufficient data for such evaluation, this system can provide an in-depth review which is necessary for the better understanding of a chemical under investigation. Only with such understanding can a product be placed in its proper perspective with respect to its carcinogenic potency. When applying this rather intensive tumor data evaluation system, a total scoring point and carcinogenicity categorization may be provided, which, in conjunction with human exposure information, may be adequate for regulatory decision making. Based upon the adequacy of tumor data, seven pesticides were investigated using the current tumor data evaluation system. These pesticides were chosen to demonstrate the stepwise evaluation procedure for carcinogenicity evaluation. PMID- 6522667 TI - Toxicity, tumor promotion, and carcinogenesis in relation to excessive dosage. AB - Excessive dosage of many toxic compounds leads to a response by those exposed cells in the form of toxic hyperplasia. This toxicity often is a result of oxidation and peroxidation products that affect multiple sites of critical importance in the cell from the membrane of DNA itself. Some of these products are both mutagenic and carcinogenic and can affect key enzymes of defense and proliferation. Chronic toxicity of this type can deplete or inactivate endogenous defense systems that would normally prevent the formation of these toxic products. Subtoxic doses will not significantly compromise cellular defense systems and are far less likely to induce the critical events associated with hyperplasia, tumor promotion, and the expression of a "carcinogenic" effect. The many new discoveries in oxidation and peroxidation toxicity open up a greater awareness of the potential problems of interpretation associated with excessive dosage in evaluation of compounds for carcinogenicity. PMID- 6522668 TI - Chemical and toxicological aspects of coal liquefaction and other complex mixtures. AB - Chemists, biologists, and ecologists at Battelle's Pacific Northwest Laboratories are developing a data base to aid engineers in the safe design of coal liquefaction process options. Objectives of this effort have been to identify and evaluate long-term health and environmental issues, evaluate options to permit environmentally acceptable design, and assess risk to man and the environment from deployment of a large-scale coal liquefaction industry. Chemically complex materials produced by various coal liquefaction processes, and under various stages of process design and operating conditions, have been screened for potential health and environmental effects. Biologically active materials have been fractionated and rescreened. Chemical constituents of biologically active fractions have been identified, and the environmental fate of problematic agents is currently being determined. This approach, linking engineering and life sciences research, is also relevant to the development of other energy technologies and industries that produce chemically complex materials. Results indicate that full-boiling-range coal-derived liquids are generally more active than shale oil and petroleum crudes in biological and ecological test systems. Several biologically active agents have been identified, including primary aromatic amines (PAA), polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), and phenols. Some components of coal-derived materials are taken up by biota and metabolized. Hydrotreating, a refining or upgrading process, reduces PAA, PAH, and phenol content, as well as mutagenicity, carcinogenicity, and toxicity of coal liquids. Selective distillation restricts PAA and PAH content, as well as mutagenicity and carcinogenicity to high-boiling-range coal liquids. Other process conditions (i.e., extraction severity, catalyst age, etc.) and environmental factors influence chemical characteristics and biological activity of coal-derived materials. Eliminating toxic input of coal liquids to ecological test systems results in partial system recovery. Recent findings indicate that biological responses to a particular chemical agent vary, depending on whether that material is presented to the organism or environment as a pure compound or in a complex mixture. Thus, results of studies with pure compounds cannot be used alone to predict effects of complex mixtures. The research approach described here provides guidance to solve environmental problems before regulatory agencies require limitations or facility construction is completed, and costs of process changes are higher.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6522669 TI - What every chemical engineer should know about environmental health hazards. AB - This paper is the text of a lecture given to an audience composed, for the most part, of students of chemical engineering at a major university. The objective of the paper is to inform such a young, intelligent, and highly technical audience of the basic facts and perceptions--scientific, technical, societal, regulatory, and legal--concerning environmental health hazards. Topics such as toxicity, hazard, and risk--and ways in which risk has been approached and perceived--are discussed as are various public and private efforts to reduce the risks of environmental health hazards. The great uncertainties encountered in this field and seriousness with which it must be taken--including a brief description of possible personal legal liabilities an engineer can face--are stressed. Despite all difficulties, progress has been made in bringing order to a chaotic field and more progress is both needed and possible. PMID- 6522670 TI - [30th national meeting of the Italian Association of Medical Radiology and Nuclear Medicine. Mediterranean meetings on radiology. Milan, 7-12 June 1982]. PMID- 6522671 TI - [Panoramic vision of radiology the Mediterranean countries]. PMID- 6522672 TI - [Symposium: Progress in the field of equipment and accessories for radiology]. PMID- 6522673 TI - [Symposium: Progress in the processing and interpreting of diagnostic images]. PMID- 6522675 TI - [Eisenmenger's syndrome in pregnancy. Controlled segmental epidural block for cesarean section]. AB - We present a case of Eisenmenger's Syndrome in which an elective Caesarean Section was carried out successfully under lumbar epidural anaesthesia, following adequate physiological and psychological preparation of the patient. PMID- 6522674 TI - [Thoracic peridural anesthesia for intra- and postoperative analgesia in lung resections. A comparison of stress reactions and postoperative lung function]. AB - 47 patients who were scheduled for lung resection were assigned to two groups. 23 patients had a neurolept analgesia and postoperatively parenteral analgetics. 24 patients received a combination of thoracic peridural anaesthesia and nitrous oxide-oxygen anaesthesia for surgery. The peridural analgesia was continued for 2 3 days for postoperative pain control. Heart rate and mean arterial pressure were recorded. Before, during and after surgery blood was drawn for determination of plasma glucose and cortisol. Postoperatively vital capacity and FEV1 were measured and blood gas analyses were performed for one week. The combination of peridural and intubation anaesthesia resulted in very stable haemodynamics in comparison with the neurolept analgesia. Heart rate and mean arterial pressure decreased during surgery without peak levels as response to the surgical trauma. Blood glucose and plasma cortisol showed equal responses in both investigation groups. A reduced stress response by means of the peridural anaesthesia could not be demonstrated. During the first 48 h after surgery a significantly higher vital capacity was measured in the patients with peridural anaesthesia. FEV1 was analogously increased, the quotient of FEV1/VC was similar in both study groups. No obstruction was observed. PaO2 and paCO2 showed no clinically relevant differences. During surgery the combination of general and regional anaesthesia results in a lower stress response of the heart and postoperatively it improves lung function which is an important advantage in comparison with systemic analgetics. PMID- 6522676 TI - [Pneumocephalus permangnus. An unusual complication following lumbar anesthesia]. AB - A case is presented of a 53 year old patient who developed pneumocephalus three days after lumbar anaesthesia. Symptoms and neurosurgical treatment are described. Liquor leakage and lowered intracranial pressure as are discussed as possible mechanisms. PMID- 6522677 TI - [Unexpected intravenous penetration of an epidural catheter]. AB - The tip of an epidural catheter inserted by the lumbar route, penetrated into the inner vertebral venous plexus. After the position of the catheter tip had been corrected, blood neither returned spontaneously nor could any be aspirated, suggesting that it was in the correct position. A low dose (3.5 ml) of 0.75% bupivacaine was given as a test injection whereupon no signs of a systemic reaction were observed. When the entire initial dose of 10 ml was given, the patient developed tonic clonic seizures. The fit could be controlled by giving oxygen and thiobarbital. The patient was given succinylcholine and then intubated and ventilated. As no signs of cardiac depression were noted, the operation (open mobilisation of a joint) was performed under general anaesthesia. The patient recovered normally. If the position of an epidural catheter which has penetrated an epidural vein has been corrected, this does not ensure that the tip has been removed from the vein, even if blood cannot be aspirated. This incorrect position can be detected by injection of a small volume of epinephrine-containing local anaesthetic, but this procedure cannot be recommended in cases of coronary insufficiency. The anaesthesist is best advised to remove the catheter completely and place a fresh epidural at a different level. PMID- 6522678 TI - [Continuous blockade of the lumbar plexus ("3-in-1 block") in perioperative pain therapy]. AB - This is a description of a technique for a continuous blockade of the lumbar plexus by means of a specially developed catheter set. The femoral nerve is located more or less atraumatically, on the basis of objective criteria, by the use of a nerve stimulator and a small-lumen puncture cannula. The catheter is subsequently inserted into the fascia surrounding the nerves by the Seldinger technique. The advantage of this catheter technique lies in the fact that the normal blockade period can be extended at will, without any great increase in the amount of time and material needed. Pain therapy for the patient during the operation does not involve the necessity of further punctures with the risk of neural lesion resulting from the fact that partial anaesthesia still exists. Individual dosage is possible because of the anatomical circumstances. The catheter technique we used enabled us in many cases to reduce the amount of local anaesthetic used. No disturbances in the functioning of the bladder or vasomotor system, as is the case with spinal conduction anaesthetics, were observed. In the pre-operative phase this 3-in-1 blockade procedure facilitates the treatment of patients with a fractured collum femoris in particular, and after an operation it makes it possible to mobilize the patient sooner, without the administration of additional analgetics. PMID- 6522679 TI - [Exclusive breast feeding: growth of the infant in a selected group of Chilean infants]. PMID- 6522680 TI - [Clinical and electroencephalographic study of febrile crisis in children]. PMID- 6522681 TI - [Visceral larva migrans in children]. PMID- 6522682 TI - [Iron deficiency and hypochromic anemia in normal infants and preschool children]. PMID- 6522683 TI - [Polytherapy in epilepsy]. PMID- 6522684 TI - [Prolonged and chronic hepatitis in children. Treatment and course of 10 cases]. PMID- 6522686 TI - [Vitamin D poisoning in infants]. PMID- 6522685 TI - [Malignant neoplasms of vascular origin in children]. PMID- 6522687 TI - [Cystinuria and renal lithiasis]. PMID- 6522688 TI - [The smoking habit in pregnancy and newborn infant weight]. PMID- 6522689 TI - [Bartter's syndrome: requirements for diagnosis]. PMID- 6522690 TI - [Infectious endocarditis. Study of 45 cases]. PMID- 6522692 TI - [Prospective study of hemostasis in patients with trichinosis]. PMID- 6522691 TI - [Sequential analysis of immune complexes in vasculitis]. PMID- 6522693 TI - [Q fever. Presentation of 8 cases]. PMID- 6522694 TI - [Primary septic arthritis in heroin addicts]. PMID- 6522695 TI - [High density lipoproteins in chronic respiratory insufficiency]. PMID- 6522696 TI - [Encephalopathy caused by beta-lactamates]. PMID- 6522697 TI - [Acute non-lymphoblastic leukemia presenting the Philadelphia chromosome and chromosome 7 monosomy]. PMID- 6522698 TI - [Periodic lateralized epileptiform discharges. Development of the EEG in 2 clinical cases]. PMID- 6522699 TI - [Bronchial amyloidosis revealed by hemoptysis]. PMID- 6522700 TI - [Malignant granuloma of the midline]. PMID- 6522701 TI - [Pleural effusion. Study of a series of 226 patients]. PMID- 6522702 TI - [Pleural effusion associated with a neoplasm. Review of 274 cases]. PMID- 6522703 TI - [Determination of carcinoembryonic antigen in the serum and pleural fluid of patients with pleural effusion of various etiologies]. PMID- 6522704 TI - [Incrementing arousal pattern. Prognostic value]. PMID- 6522705 TI - [Ultrastructural study of the myocardium of rats treated with dipyridamole and subjected to swimming exercises]. PMID- 6522706 TI - [Diagnostic efficacy of fiberbronchoscopy in bronchial carcinoma]. PMID- 6522708 TI - [Gummy myocarditis associated with bacterial endocarditis and rupture of tendinous cords]. PMID- 6522707 TI - [Idiopathic thrombocythemia. A clinical case]. PMID- 6522709 TI - [Endocarditis of the pulmonary valve and multiple vertebral osteomyelitis caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa]. PMID- 6522710 TI - [Reliability of the automatic detection of ventricular arrhythmias with the "real time" Holter system]. PMID- 6522711 TI - [Glycosylated hemoglobin and oral overload with glucose. Comparison of the sensitivity of both determinations in the diagnosis of type II diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 6522712 TI - [Drainage in perforated appendicitis: yes or no?]. PMID- 6522713 TI - [Concentration of serum and hepatic transaminases (GOT and (GPT) in rats. Influence of nialamide]. PMID- 6522714 TI - [Brucellar bacterial endocarditis]. PMID- 6522715 TI - [Polymyositis associated with carcinoma of the vulva]. PMID- 6522716 TI - [Hydatid choleperitoneum]. PMID- 6522717 TI - [Juvenile cerebral vascular disease and homocystinuria]. PMID- 6522718 TI - [Fascioliasis and strongyloidiasis]. PMID- 6522719 TI - [Paget-Schrotter Syndrome. Report of a case]. PMID- 6522720 TI - [Anthropometric study in children from Madrid]. PMID- 6522721 TI - [Reflections in regard to Legionnaires' disease. Apropos of a case]. PMID- 6522722 TI - [Sporadic hypophosphoremic osteomalacia of late appearance. Presentation of a case]. PMID- 6522723 TI - [Vasculitis and cryoglobulinemia associated with an angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy. Study of 2 cases]. PMID- 6522724 TI - [Fibronectin and hepatic cholestasis]. PMID- 6522725 TI - [Superinfection with delta agent in chronic carriers of HBsAg in Spain. Clinical, epidemiologic and virologic characteristics]. PMID- 6522726 TI - [Clinico-radiologic manifestations of amebic colitis]. PMID- 6522727 TI - [Characteristics of the dermatoglyphic pattern in a normal population]. PMID- 6522729 TI - [Non-invasive estimation of the degree of severity in aortic valve stenosis. Multiple regression study]. PMID- 6522728 TI - [Neurologic complications of infectious endocarditis]. PMID- 6522731 TI - Quantitative theories for clinical decision making. AB - Clinical work involves a great many decisions in situations characterized by uncertainty and by the need for value judgments. Formal, mostly quantitative approaches to medical decision making have been developed over the last thirty years. The best known theories are discriminant analysis or supervised pattern recognition, decision analysis and, more recently, artificial intelligence. Discriminant analysis is used for estimating diagnostic probabilities on the basis of diagnostic data. Outcome, action, state, probability, utility, and choice are the main concepts of decision analysis. Problems of diagnosis and therapy choice can be structured within the framework of decision analysis. The quality of a decision analysis largely depends on a good structuring of the problem, and on the quality of the probability and utility assessments made during the analysis. Decision analysis is basically a prescriptive theory for decision making in individual patient management. Other areas of application include basic and advanced teaching, formulation, explication and analysis of clinical problems, detection of gaps in clinical knowledge, development of clinical protocols, etc. PMID- 6522730 TI - [The search for new risk factors in epidemiology. A few considerations]. AB - This paper discusses three aspects of the design and analysis of studies intended to find out new risk factors: the formulation of the problem (explanatory or pragmatic), the importance of moderate misclassifications on efficiency, the definition and taking into account of confounding factors. PMID- 6522732 TI - Explorative statistical analysis and the valuation of hypotheses. AB - Clinical research has to include data from various sources. In many cases, the structure of the data allows explorative analysis only. This paper is concerned with situations in which no special hypotheses from a large set of possible ones have been predetermined for statistical testing or wherein tests are planned for hypotheses on only very few variables out of a high dimensional response as in controlled clinical trials. Explorative analysis of those experiments frequently uses p-values for the valuation of the hypotheses not designated for testing. It is shown by means of an example to what extent conclusions may be wrong if they result from ignoring (or misunderstanding) the explorative character of such p values. Posterior probabilities with respect to suitable priors are proposed as an alternative explorative method for the valuation of hypotheses. The advantages of this procedure are discussed. PMID- 6522733 TI - Goodness of fit methods for the proportional hazards regression model: a review. AB - The proportional hazards regression model is now used extensively in survival time studies. Although the model (hazard function, lambda (t;x) = lambda 0 (t)e beta' x) can be considered to be partially distribution-free, the following assumptions regarding the distribution of survival time are made: 1. Hazard functions for any two individuals are proportional. Thus (Formula: see text) is independent of t. 2. Independent variables affect the log hazard in an additive way (Formula: see text) This paper reviews methods available for assessing these assumptions in particular cases. PMID- 6522734 TI - Testing the proportional hazards regression model against some general alternatives. AB - A class of goodness of fit tests for the proportional hazards regression model is proposed. The alternatives considered permit the parameters of the model to vary as step functions with time. Restricting the type of step function allowed gives rise to tests against more specific alternatives. Computational details are given. PMID- 6522735 TI - Measuring the reliability of clinical data: the case for using three observers. AB - Misclassification of clinical data occurs commonly, because of measurement or judgmental errors, or because of bias in the observational method. The sensitivity and specificity of a given observer (or method) may sometimes be estimated by comparison with an independent "definitive" diagnosis; this is not routinely practical, however, if the "definitive" method involves additional risk or cost. A second possibility is to compare two independent, fallible observers, using an index of agreement such as the kappa statistic; the misclassification probabilities are not then estimable, and the agreement indices have the disadvantage of being dependent on the population prevalence. In contrast, if three or more independent observers are used, their reliability may be assessed by the direct estimation of sensitivity and specificity. An example is given of a series of patients who were independently evaluated by three radiologists. PMID- 6522736 TI - Impact of randomized controlled trials on the progress of therapy in cardiovascular diseases. AB - The relationship between randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and progress in therapy is a major concern for sponsors, public health authorities, investigators and patients. At present, only indirect approaches can provide insights into the relationship. Few studies have addressed this problem. From available evidence, it seems unlikely that RCTs have played a significant role in developing more appropriate therapies for cardiovascular diseases. Several reasons might explain this unexpected situation: poor application and lack of understanding of the methodology of RCTs, as well as inadequacies of the doctors' information system, are the leading ones. PMID- 6522737 TI - A randomized, controlled study on the effect of diabetes counseling in the offices of 12 general practitioners. AB - The design of the study was "2-period changeover"; each period lasted 6 months and 6 counseling sessions were offered during each period. Group 1 (n = 81), counseled in the first period, was controlled by a noncounseled group 2 (n = 82). Randomization of patients into the 2 groups took place at each office. The primary variable for consideration was the postprandial (pp) blood sugar level (mg/dl). Weight reduction of overweight patients was also considered. A highly significant (p less than 0,01) difference of mean pp-blood sugar reduction between the groups was found during both periods. In view of the large estimated difference in the residual effects of both treatments (counseling, no counseling) a crossover analysis was excluded. The best pp-blood sugar effect was obtained for patients with high pp-blood sugar level (greater than or equal to 250) at the beginning of the counseling period. PMID- 6522739 TI - Ordinary or special schools for children with learning failure: problems in evaluation. PMID- 6522738 TI - Automatic detection of microaneurysms in diabetic fluorescein angiography. AB - A computerized method for the detection of microaneurysms (MA) in fluorescein angiograms is proposed, using the concepts of mathematical morphology. The MA which are almost circular particles, are extracted from the image by performing different "top-hat transformations". Some particles, however, may then be detected inside the nonhomogeneous vessels, and it is necessary to be able to extract the vasculary net. The MA which present fuzzy boundaries (due to the leakage of fluorescein) are the most difficult to extract. The algorithm has been tested on 25 angiograms, with 1 045 MA analysed. A comparison between the automatic counting procedure and three manual methods of counting has been made to prove the robustness of the proposed method. PMID- 6522740 TI - [Influence of the educational course on the future of young persons thought to be mentally deficient]. AB - A survey of mental deficiency among children was carried out in 1967 in the department of Haute-Vienne by the Centre International de l'Enfance and the Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale. A representative sample of the children was examined, with data recorded under paediatric, social, and psychological (including an intelligence quotient test, the "WISC") criteria. This study was resumed in 1974 and 1978 in order to determine how the children- by then, between 20 and 26 years of age--had fared. Among the 325 studied, it appears that those educated in specialized facilities succeeded less well than those who followed a normal curriculum. Only 39% of the former vs 58% of the latter won a diploma; 27% vs 17% were fired from jobs; 23% vs 9% experienced adaptation difficulties at work. Even when the IQs and the socioprofessional category of the parents are the same, the differences concerning diplomas (particularly in general, as opposed to professional, education) persist, as do problems in the workplace. PMID- 6522741 TI - [Registration of children's accidents in health care and prevention facilities of a health sector]. AB - In 1981-82, 5, 963 children's accidents were reported over a one-year period in 2 public and 11 private hospitals in a given public health district. The nature of treated accidents in the public hospitals differs from that in the private facilities. Reporting of cases reaches 75% in the public hospitals; only about 50% in the private hospitals. Characteristics of reported accidents differ from those unreported. While the quality of clinical data is satisfactory, the site of the accident is unknown in 14%, and the causal agent, in 35% of the cases. The estimation of incidence implies the extension of registrations to the private sector, source of 31% of reported cases, and where significant differences from the public sector were observed in the nature of the accidents. A permanent system requires use of a rolling sample and training of personnel. Systematic registration is a tool to measure incidence of accidents, but is not a suitable instrument for the surveillance of dangerous products and objects. PMID- 6522742 TI - [Can the results of pulmonary function tests and evidence of tobacco-related respiratory symptoms be used to dissuade adolescents from smoking?]. AB - The purpose of this paper is to review arguments recently used to dissuade youth from smoking, nd to propose new ones based on the results obtained in an epidemiological study carried out between 1978 and 1980 among young people attending school. A questionnaire focused on respiratory symptoms and smoking habits was filled out by 2,269 students between 10 and 19 years of age. Among them, a representative sample of 971 underwent a respiratory function test. Two years later, the students who had shown an impaired respiratory function were again examined--along with a representative control group--using the same protocol. During the first examination, we had found a very meaningful relationship between smoking and respiratory symptoms. MOreover, girl smokers evidenced significantly diminished expiratory flows. The students were informed of the results at the time. When the second examination was carried out, some smokers had increased their cigarette consumption, while others had cut back- and it was the latter group that, during the first examination, had had a significantly higher proportion of symptoms and lower respiratory function values. This suggests that showing proof of the real problems caused by smoking could be used as an element in antismoking campaigns among school-attending youth. PMID- 6522743 TI - [Study of the process of alcoholism in young persons using cluster analysis]. AB - An epidemiological survey was carried out among high school students of 3 French regions. Their use of drugs (alcohol, tobacco, psychotropic drugs, illicit drugs) was studied, as well as their self-perception of personality, relations inside and outside the family, school performance, and lifestyle. Different aspects of drinking were considered: regularity of intake, quantity absorbed, inebriation. The use of alcoholic drinks together with psychotropic substances was studied. A cluster analysis applied to adolescent personality self-perception revealed 10 different personality types (5 for the boys; 5 for the girls). The social, family, and relational characteristics of each personality type are described. The correlations between personality self-perception and liquor use allow us to define 3 profiles of heavy drinkers. PMID- 6522744 TI - [Epidemiology of Ciguatera in the Iles Saintes (Guadeloupe)]. AB - A 1981 retrospective study in the Iles Saintes (Guadeloupe) points to an estimated average number of cases per year of 30 +/- 25 par 10,000 inhabitants, involving 2.6 +/- 1.6 outbreaks per year of this endemic disease. The infection is most common from August to October. The attack rate is 87%. The symptoms, as described by 112 former patients, include the usual digestive and neurological signs, with oculonasal symptoms being particularly frequent. Only in half the cases does the disease require medical care (doctor, dispensary, hospital). The median duration of the illness is 3 weeks. Two patients out of 3 are bedridden. More than one-third present sequelae. Three families of fish are responsible for these cases of food poisoning: the Carangidae, Sphyraenidae, and Muraenidae. The microphagous herbivora species are not incriminated. The results are compared to other series of data published for the Antilles and for the Pacific. PMID- 6522745 TI - [Relative value of various screening tests for lead poisoning according to the degree of exposure to lead]. PMID- 6522747 TI - [Epidemiology and anesthesia]. PMID- 6522746 TI - [Comparison of a cohort mortality with the mortality of a reference population. Principle, necessary number of expected deaths and the given power of the test]. AB - This note derives the power of the test comparing the mortality of a cohort to the mortality of a reference population. The principle of the comparison is recalled i.e. computation of the standardised mortality radio (SMR) and test of the null hypothesis: SMR = 1. It is shown how one can compute the power of the test. A numerical example is given. PMID- 6522748 TI - [Anesthesia in intestinal invagination]. PMID- 6522749 TI - [Hemodynamic changes in severe tetanus]. PMID- 6522750 TI - [Urinary retention following postoperative epidural morphine analgesia]. PMID- 6522751 TI - [The central venous route: follow-up results of 356 catheterizations]. PMID- 6522752 TI - [Antidiuretic hormone and anesthesia]. PMID- 6522753 TI - [Anaphylactic reaction to droperidol]. PMID- 6522754 TI - [Anesthesia in a case of retroperitoneal paraganglioma not diagnosed preoperatively]. PMID- 6522755 TI - [Anesthesia and lasers]. PMID- 6522756 TI - [Rheological aspects following the implantation of methylmethacrylate bone cements in arthroplasties of the hip]. PMID- 6522757 TI - [Ventriculo-auricular shunt using percutaneous puncture]. PMID- 6522758 TI - [Contribution of visual evoked potentials (VEP) to neurology]. AB - It is widely admitted that visual evoked potentials (VEPs) are clinically useful for diagnostic purposes in multiple sclerosis (MS). Delayed P100 component to pattern shift stimulation indicates a dissemination of the demyelinating process when routine ophthalmological investigations are normal. The delay of P100 may be observed early in the course of the disease following an attack of optic neuritis (ON); in the absence of previous ON the P100 latency may appear later after the onset. The P100 latency exceptionally returns to normal values. Compared with somatosensory or brain-stem auditory evoked potentials VEPs are the most efficient for the detection of silent lesions in MS. Longitudinal studies demonstrate that the percentage of MS patients with abnormal VEPs increases with time during the course of the disease. Delayed P100 component may also be recorded in patients with heredodegenerative or toxic optic neuropathies, but the clinical context is very different. The detection of bitemporal visual field defects with VEPs is more uncertain. In patients with cortical blindness VEPs may persist. When compared with usual campimetric investigations, VEPs do not represent a simple and reliable means of investigating lateral homonymous hemianopsia. PMID- 6522759 TI - [Visual evoked potentials in 8-year-old children. Normal values and applications in pediatric neurology]. AB - In the framework of a research program on the prevalence and incidence of cerebral dysfunction and child psychiatric disorder, EEG and flash-evoked responses were recorded in more than 300 8-year-old children. Automatic determination of the following parameters: latencies and amplitudes of N1, P2, N2, N3, N4; area of the complex N1P2N2, average absolute amplitude, asymmetry coefficients and Pearson correlation between the responses of both hemispheres. Normative data for these parameters obtained from a randomized sample (N = 148), mean values and intersextile ranges are reported. The random sample was compared with two other groups of children (8 years old): children with minimal brain dysfunction (N = 55) and/or psychiatric disorder (N = 82). Both groups showed significantly longer latencies in comparison to the random normative sample. PMID- 6522760 TI - [Characteristics of middle-latency auditory evoked potentials in awake and anesthetized patients]. AB - Late auditory evoked potentials (50-500 msec latency) can be evoked by tonal stimuli but their instability prevents their use in many clinical situations. In contrast, the early responses (up to 10 msec) are stable, regardless of sleep or sedation, but they can only be evoked by transient, non-tonal stimuli. Therefore neither type may be used for an evaluation of frequency thresholds. The middle latency responses represent a compromise: first, they can be evoked by tonal stimuli of the tone-pip type and, second, they are relatively stable. For these reasons the authors have carried out a general study on the middle latency responses in subjects with normal hearing, in patients with impaired hearing and in patients under a variety of surgical anesthesia. The middle latency response evoked by clicks and tone-pips (4 sines of 500, 1000, 2000 and 4000 Hz) have a series of characteristic waves named, according to their latency, A(V), B(No), C(Po), D(Na), E(Pa). The threshold of visual detection for these potentials is situated near that of the psycho-acoustic threshold (0-20 dB). The authors point out the clinical utilization of the middle latency response especially in cases in which one desires an objective evaluation of the auditory threshold in the lower frequency range. It is important to know that the middle latency response remains present using some types of anesthesia (Ketalar, ataralgesy), disappears partially with neuroleptanesthesia and completely with inhalation anesthesia (fluothane, halothane). PMID- 6522761 TI - [Brain stem AEP in toxic comas. Correlation with brain stem reflexes]. AB - 24 deep toxic comas with respiratory assistance were studied by brain-stem reflex and BAEP. Laboratory analysis showed several simultaneous toxics (phenobarbital, benzodiazepines, tricyclic antidepressants...). Three groups of patients were defined: Twelve patients with normal BAEP and with relatively preserved brain stem reflex (oculocephalic and oculovestibular are often disturbed but photomotor is present). Eleven patients with delayed BAEP and with more disturbed brain-stem reflex (photomotor is missing 3 times). In 2 cases (one of which is mentioned above in group B) brain-stem reflex and BAEP disappear and these patients die. Cerebral anoxia is associated here with toxics. Causes of delayed latencies (group B) are discussed (hypothermia, toxics). BAEP seems important in diagnosis and prognosis of toxic coma. PMID- 6522762 TI - [Brain stem auditory evoked potentials in "alcoholic epilepsy"]. AB - BAEPs were studied in a group of subjects suffering from 'alcoholic epilepsy.' Results were then compared with data from normal subjects and chronic alcoholics without epilepsy. The latency for peak V and the inter-peak latencies (I-III, III V, I-V) were significantly longer in the 'alcoholic epilepsy' group than in the control group. This increase of neural transmission time in the brain-stem auditory pathways was less important in the 'chronic alcoholics without epilepsy' group than in the alcoholic epilepsy group. PMID- 6522763 TI - [Relation between auditory evoked potentials (presence, amplitude) during sound and light conditioning and levels of dopamine derivatives in infantile autism]. AB - The aim of this study was to study the relationships between conditioned AEPs and homovanillic acid (HVA) levels in autistic children (A, 9 boys, average age 6.3) compared to normal children (9 boys, average age 6.5) and to mentally retarded children (MR, 9 boys, average age 6.1) without any autistic behavior. AEPs were recorded at Cz and Oz during two sessions. The auditory stimulus (S) was first presented alone (habituation); the visual stimulus (L) was then presented 800 msec after S (conditioning). S was again presented alone (extinction). Urinary HVA dosage was performed on samples of urine taken after a 48-h tyrosine-free diet. Conditioning induced enhancement of AEPs. Latencies and amplitudes were smaller in autistic children. AEP presence was smaller in patients than in normal children and smaller in MR than in A children. Urinary HVA level was higher in patients and higher in the MR group than in the A group. A negative correlation between HVA level and Cz AEP presence was observed. Results showing higher Cz AEP variability and higher HVA level in MR than in autistic children tend to lead us to consider that both syndromes are related to common neurological dysfunctionings rather than indicating autistic syndrome behavioral specificity. PMID- 6522764 TI - [Contribution to the study of event-related potentials in depressed patients]. AB - When we want to quantify an experimentation on an individual presenting behaviour troubles, the problem we are faced with is the relative inadequacy between the techniques that are used and the patient. The aim of this research is a study of the evolution of the differential analysis of power spectra and alteration in the repartition of VEP amplitudes on 18 depressed adults before and after antidepressive treatment. Control in healthy adult volunteers has been realised. The originality of the method used is in the analytical techniques and selected tests. It is difficult to state positively that VEP morphology represents a pertinent criterion in the study of the evolution of a depressed syndrome. But the results which are obtained show a similar evolution between VEP morphology and clinical criterion. This is in conformity with numerous present studies which consider VEP as a pertinent sign in a psychophysiological process. PMID- 6522765 TI - Changes in latency of evoked potentials after caudate nucleus stimulation. AB - The activation of the head of the caudate nucleus in cats which have undergone transection of the spinal cord at C1 produces inhibition of evoked potentials in the motor area (pre-cruciate region) and also reduces the peak latency of the negative slow wave. The results of decreased latency are discussed with reference to variations in intensity of the stimulation activating the motor cortex. The role played by the caudate nucleus in the control of the motor system is emphasized. PMID- 6522766 TI - [Is there a correlation between the phases of CNV and the power spectrum of the EEG?]. AB - In 14 volunteers, the relationships between CNV and EEG power spectrum were studied during 3 periods of 1 sec: before S1, between S1 and S2, and after S2. We noted first a relation between CNV amplitude and EEG spectrum over the 3 periods: there was an inverse correlation for the alpha band, and a direct correlation for the beta band. We also observed a direct, strong correlation (r = 0.94) between CNV slope and alpha band reactivity during the S1-S2 interval, but this held only for subjects showing a decrease of alpha activity during the S1-S2 interval. There was no correlation at all between the positive phase (post-S2) of the CNV and EEG. These results are discussed in terms of functional states of the brain influencing CNV development, as well of the various modes of activation and reactivity at the individual level that modify the relationships between CNV and EEG. PMID- 6522767 TI - [Epidemiology of arterial hypertension in a working population. (I). Prevalence, variation and variability, and a study of presumably related factors]. PMID- 6522768 TI - [Epidemiology of arterial hypertension in a working population. (II). Organic repercussion and attitude to hypertension]. PMID- 6522769 TI - [Epidemiology of arterial hypertension in a working population. (III). Relation of various atherosclerotic risk factors with arterial hypertension]. PMID- 6522770 TI - [Epidemiology of arterial hypertension in a working population (IV). Electrocardiographic changes]. PMID- 6522771 TI - [Factors associated with the appearance and control of arterial hypertension in an industrial population]. PMID- 6522772 TI - [Myocardial hypocaptation of thallium-201 in healthy young adults after voluntary hyperventilation]. PMID- 6522773 TI - [Prospective study with thallium-201 and dipyridamole at low doses as a non invasive diagnostic test for predicting coronary injuries]. PMID- 6522774 TI - [Prognostic value of a symptom-limited exertion test in the early phase of myocardial infarct]. PMID- 6522776 TI - [Sick sinus syndrome in the subacute phase of myocardial infarct]. PMID- 6522775 TI - [Treatment of angina pectoris with perhexiline maleate. Results and secondary effects]. PMID- 6522777 TI - [Identification of the risk of supraventricular tachyarrhythmias in the postoperative period of coronary surgery]. PMID- 6522780 TI - [Minimal interventricular communication with Eisenmenger's reaction. Presentation of a case]. PMID- 6522778 TI - [Congenital defect of the left pericardium with herniation of the left atrial appendage and part of the left ventricle. Presentation of a case and review of the literature]. PMID- 6522779 TI - [Complete transposition of the great vessels with stenosis and tricuspid insufficiency secondary to bacterial endocarditis. Presentation of a surgically corrected case]. PMID- 6522781 TI - [Second degree congenital block. Apropos of 2 cases without cardiopathy]. PMID- 6522782 TI - [Changes in the metabolism of catecholamines in the central and peripheral nervous systems of rats 7, 15 and 30 days after termino-lateral portacaval anastomosis]. PMID- 6522783 TI - [Morphoenzymatic study of normal jejunal mucosa in Wistar rats]. PMID- 6522784 TI - [Considerations on the surgical treatment of ulcerative colitis]. PMID- 6522785 TI - [Hepatic resections (61 cases)]. PMID- 6522786 TI - [Long term results of surgery in diffuse, idiopathic, symptomatic esophageal spasm]. PMID- 6522787 TI - [Our experience in the surgical treatment of achalasia using extramucosal cardiomyotomy]. PMID- 6522788 TI - [Biliary microlithiasis]. PMID- 6522789 TI - [Hepatic gammagraphy in alcoholism. Its relation to digestive radiology]. PMID- 6522791 TI - [Esophageal candidiasis: apropos of a case]. PMID- 6522790 TI - [Adenocarcinoma of the terminal choledochus. Review of the literature and considerations apropos of a case]. PMID- 6522792 TI - [Peritonitis encapsulans in a patient with lobular panniculitis and changes of pancreatic secretion]. PMID- 6522794 TI - [Idiopathic intestinal occlusion]. PMID- 6522793 TI - [Toxic megacolon caused by amebic colitis. Apropos of 3 cases]. PMID- 6522795 TI - [Fundoplication. Technics. Indications (2)]. PMID- 6522796 TI - High stability hybrids producing monoclonal antibodies against human C-reactive protein. AB - This report shows how high stability hybrids producing monoclonal antibodies against human C-reactive protein were raised and selected. Monoclonal antibodies can be produced in large enough quantities through this method, to allow for the design and use of quantitative C-reactive protein determination on a clinical scale. This novel strategy consisted of the following: growing the hybrids and freezing them before cloning in order to assure stability and selecting the hybrids from those producing high titres in mouse ascite induction. Two monoclonal antibodies of high stability and great potential for large scale production have been developed in this manner. Production on a large scale of these monoclonal antibodies against human C-reactive protein can be useful both in clinical quantification and in physiological studies concerning its still unknown in vivo function. PMID- 6522797 TI - [Effect of theophylline and theobromine on cell respiration and calcium transport in isolated rat liver mitochondria]. AB - The influence of theophylline and theobromine on cellular respiration and on membrane transport of calcium has been studied in isolated rat liver mitochondria, using oxygen and Ca2+ selective electrodes. A linear decrease in respiratory coefficients, in the total amount and rate of "extra" oxygen consumption induced by ADP is observed with drug concentration. Theobromine does not show any appreciable effect on these respiratory parameters, but this result is similar to that observed with theophylline for the same concentration range. Calcium uptake coupled to respiration is inhibited by both drugs depending on their concentrations. Theobromine is more effective than theophylline. Calcium saturation of the mitochondria takes place in all cases after 36 +/- 2 s but only a 20% of the maximum calcium uptake observed in the absence of the drugs is determined in the presence of 15 mM theophylline or only 1.8 mM theobromine. Comparative studies show direct correlation between the pharmacological activities as stimulants of caffeine, theophylline and theobromine and their behaviour as inhibitors of calcium uptake coupled to respiration by mitochondria. PMID- 6522798 TI - Relations between 3H-estradiol uptake and receptor content of estrogen responsive tissues of castrated female rat. AB - The time course of 3H-Estradiol-17 beta (3H-E2) uptake, and estrogen receptor content in estrogen responsive tissues were studied between 0 and 12 h after injection of 0.5 microgram/kg of 3H-E2 or cold E2 injection to castrated adult female rats. The plasma concentration of 3H-E2 between 10 min and 2 h after injection was in the range of the plasma E2 level of cyclic rat. The total 3H-E2 uptake was well correlated with the receptor content in all tissues. The rank order of 3H-E2 uptake was: uterus (Ut) greater than anterior pituitary (Ap) greater than hypothalamus (Ht) greater than plasma. The cytosol 3H-E2 uptake showed its maximal level 10 min after injection in all tissues. Parallel time course between plasma 3H-E2 and cytosol uptake was obtained for each separate tissue. The nuclear 3H-E2 uptake showed its maximal values 2 h after injection with a subsequent decline. Cytosolic estrogen receptor (Rc) content showed a depletion-replenishment cycle after cold E2 injection in all tissues. Nuclear estrogen receptor (Rn) content in Ut increased progressively from 0 to 14 h after injection, but in Ap it showed its maximal level 2 h after injection, declining afterwards. In Ap, nuclear 3H-E2 uptake and Rn level showed parallel time courses. The maximal level of both parameters coinciding with the time of maximal Rc depletion. However, the Rn level in Ut increases more slowly at greater length than the nuclear 3H-E2 uptake, both processes being divergent. These findings are interpreted as the expression of tissular differences in the rate of nuclear receptor formation from the Rc-E complex previously translocated into nucleus and attached to chromatin. PMID- 6522799 TI - [Non-linear analysis of arterial pressure]. AB - A macroscopic nonlinear mathematical model of simulation of the different mechanisms that participate at long, medium and short term in the arterial pressure regulation is described. In order to establish the availability and usefulness of this model two types of conditions were simulated. The first ones were compared to the results obtained in live experiments in dogs and the other ones were referred to the data from clinical research. This model makes possible both the qualitative and quantitative appreciation of the sequence of physiological events whenever a disturbance modifies the normal conditions in the control of the arterial pressure. This model is easy to handle in both clinical and experimental applications since it does not require the knowledge of computer handling for its operation. PMID- 6522800 TI - [Effect of cerebral intraventricular administration of 5,6-dihydroxytryptamine and 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine on the cyclic secretion of corticosterone in the rat]. AB - The effect of two potent neurotoxic agents for 5HT neurons, 5,6-DHT and 5,7-DHT, intraventricularly injected, has been studied on the values and rhythm of plasmatic corticosterone secretion in the male Wistar rat model, along an entire day: 4 a.m., 8 a.m., noon, 5 p.m. and midnight. The dose administered for each drug was 100 micrograms/animal in a single injection. The levels of corticosterone were determined 15 and 30 days post-injection. The effects observed for both drugs were similar at similar times: highly significant decreases in all the studied points which fall under the same line of secretion and evince an absolute inhibition of the cyclic rhythm. There are no significant differences among the values obtained with different drugs at various times. The contents of NA and 5HT significantly decrease for both drugs especially those of the 5HT on the 15th day. 30 days after the injection there is a small recovery of 5HT, but differences with control values are still significant. On the other hand the recovery of NA was almost total (near 100%). The results are discussed within the highly controversial frame of the influence of central 5HT neurons on the various types of secretion of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. The data obtained with this "chronic model" are confronted with those from other authors who have used drugs with transitory effect on the 5HT brain metabolism. PMID- 6522801 TI - [Plasma levels of LH and testosterone in male rats subjected peripheral de afferentation of the vomeronasal system]. AB - 21 day old male rats undergoing peripheral deafferentation of the vomeronasal system (Accessory Olfactory System) show a decrease of the accessory sex organ weight as well as lower LH and testosterone plasmatic levels 30 days later when compared with intact or sham operated rats. PMID- 6522802 TI - [Pharmacokinetics of cadmium-109 in blood and brain structures of the rat]. AB - Pharmacokinetics of cadmium chloride (109Cd) in blood and cerebral structures in male Wistar rats is studied. Blood kinetics is obtained after intravenous administration of 20 microCi 109Cd; the element is distributed according to an open bicompartimental model with a high alpha deposition constant. The half-life of the alpha-phase is 0.043 hours and the half-life of the beta-phase is 5.54 hours. The kinetics of 109Cd in cerebral structures is calculated after injection of a total amount of 1 microCi in both lateral ventricles. Cadmium radionuclide in cerebral structures of the rat is rapidly fixed from the cerebral fluid, but released slowly. The structure of major accumulation is striatum and that of minor accumulation is cerebellum. PMID- 6522803 TI - Release of endogenous opioid peptides in guinea-pig duodenum and ileum. PMID- 6522804 TI - [Relationship with the patient with bronchopulmonary cancer. Psychological, family and social aspects]. AB - The relationship with a patient suffering from bronchopulmonary cancer is often difficult for the pulmonary physician. This is because of the gloomy prognosis, the unpleasant reputation of the disease, the length of treatment and its efficacy. The quality of life of the patient depends to a great extent on the manner in which he perceives his illness, participates in the treatment and lives through the various stages of this approach till death. The doctor ought to be the guardian of hope, a hope which changes its form and objective as the disease progresses, all of which lead the patient to an understanding of the gravity of the disease and both enables him to talk about it, while maintaining a confident relationship with the doctor. This double requirement of "truth" from doctor and patient should be present from the onset, till the terminal phase. The whole medical team is concerned with this relationship. A conversation with one person may make the patient fear for any therapeutic hopes, and against those objectives which might have tempered the distress which had risen by an impression of therapeutic impotence. With the family communication is also full of tricky points. The principal preoccupation of the doctor is to preserve the relationship established with the patient. This accompaniment demands great availability and above all a lot of time. PMID- 6522805 TI - [Failure of static pulmonary volume measurements in mucoviscidosis]. AB - With worsening of bronchial obstruction during the course of cystic fibrosis the functional residual capacity (CRF) measured by plethysmography increases progressively. The difference between values of CRF obtained by plethysmography or by Helium dilution increases even more. The difference between the two methods (for CRF) is supposed to show the volume of "trapped"' gas. A similar outcome, although less marked, is observed after physiotherapy. The extent of pulmonary distention and gas trapping is markedly overestimated by plethysmographic measurements, when one considers the anatomical and radiological anomalies. It was recently suggested that the rise in compliance of the walls of the extra thoracic airways in the presence of bronchial obstruction may lead to an over estimation of the pulmonary volumes measured by plethysmography. This may be the case during the course of mucoviscidosis, when repeated infections lead to a destruction of the bronchial walls. However, this anomaly does not explain this rise in CRF after mucolytic treatment and postural drainage. The CRF seems to reflect not only the volume of trapper gas in the lung, but equally the failure to equalize the interior pressures of the obstructed airways. In order to appreciate the effects of respiratory physiotherapy, different methods of measuring pulmonary volumes are necessary but the interpretation of the results take account of the complex meterology. PMID- 6522806 TI - [Alveolar cancer and localized parieto-alveolar fibrosis]. AB - We report a case, cytologically diagnosed, of broncho-alveolar cancer associated with localised interstitial pulmonary fibrosis. This association of fibrosis with bronchiolo-alveolar cancer is classical and a pathogenic affiliation has been deduced by the majority of authors. We review the pathogenesis in relation to recent datas concerning the activation of successive oncogenes: the first stage of carcinogenesis may correspond to the activation of an oncogene coding for a fibroblastic growth factor leading to fibrosis. PMID- 6522807 TI - [Comparison between the findings of x-ray computed tomography and thoracotomy in the evaluation of locoregional extensions of primary bronchial cancer. Apropos of 45 cases]. AB - This study concerns 45 patients operated on for a primary bronchial cancer and without local or regional extension on a standard pulmonary radiograph. All subjects had a computed tomographic examination (TDM) on average 28 days before thoracotomy. The comparison was established and the possibility of excising the tumour, joined to an anatomopathological study of the structures removed. The series included only those patients with the following minimal conditions: tumour volume of 4 cms, central tumour, or close to the chest wall. The degree of pleural extension was predicted with a sensibility of 92%, a specificity of 72% (accuracy of 78%). The parietal extension was predicted with a sensibility of 63%, a specificity of 100% (accuracy of 95%). Direct invasion of the mediastinum, present 16 times, was recognized by the scanner in 8 occasions (sensibility 50%) and excluded 23 times out of 25 (specificity 85%). Extension to mediastinal ganglions was detected by the scanner 10 times out of 15; the absence of invasion 27 times out of 30. Thus, if sometimes the TDM examination showed the certainty of local or regional tumour extension, in many cases it did not by itself allow this conclusion. This was true for tumours flush with the pleura or mediastinum because their resolution was insufficient to distinguish neoplastic tissue from normal or inflammatory tissue. The TDM always established a remarkable "map" of the mediastinal glands guiding the biopsy or the thoracotomy in case of enlarged glands. One of the limits includes the possibility of occult extension without glandular hypertrophy. PMID- 6522808 TI - [Cutters and drillers: 2 different coal pneumoconioses?]. AB - The radiographs of 393 coal-cutters (or hewers) and 187 drillers were read independently by two pneumoconiosis experts following the complete 12 grade classification (BIT 1980). The two groups were comparable for age, tobacco and alcohol consumption, and respiratory symptoms but the VEMS was lower in he drillers (p = 0.05). There were significant radiological differences between the groups as follows: with the coal-cutters predominantly type "p" opacities and Category 1; in the drillers "q" and "v" opacities and category 3 were most frequent, and there were a large number of pseudo-tumoral masses and signs of hyperinflation. The two groups have a quantitative and qualitative differences in exposure; it is necessary to interpret the results as two different types of pneumoconiosis, although there are intermediate types. The coal cutters have coal workers pneumoconiosis in the strictest sense, while the drillers have silicosis with mixed dusts, the latter being more aggressive and incapacitating. One should take account of the two types in epidemiological evaluations in coal miners. It helps to explain certain contradictory results. PMID- 6522809 TI - [Role of tobacco smoking in the determination of CO diffusion impairment in silicotic patients]. AB - Alveolar-capillary diffusion of CO was evaluated in 48 silicotics with predominantly small irregular opacities at low profusion. The mean value of CO diffusion lay between 82 and 87% of the reference values, except for DLCOSS2 which was slightly reduced (74% of theoretical). There was no correlation between the functional data and duration of work but there was a significant reduction of the CO diffusion values according to smoking, which was greatest in those smoking more than 15 pack-years. Subjects with small irregular opacities presented lower values than those with small "p" or "q" opacities, but this difference was not apparent when only non-smokers were considered. PMID- 6522810 TI - [Bronchoscopy in the diagnosis of complicated pulmonary hydatid cyst in children]. AB - The diagnosis of pulmonary hydatid cysts in children is generally easy and does not require endoscopic exploration, because the radiological aspects of an intact or a complicated cyst are most often suggestive. There are, nevertheless, some cases of pulmonary hydatids where the cyst is partially evacuated and then infected, whose radiological image is atypical showing parenchymatous opacities (systematised or not) which are readily associated with adenopathy. Usually immunology fails to aid the clinician in this later stage in the cyst's evolution. Two recent cases are reported of Tunisian children aged 5 and 10 years old with chronic pulmonary opacities posing a diagnostic problem. One child presented with a persistent cough, the other with recurrent haemoptysis and both had negative immunology. Bronchoscopy enabled a positive diagnosis to be made in both cases by showing the presence of an intra-bronchial membrane. A simultaneous bronchogram showed an arrest of the contrast in the affected bronchial segment. Although non specific, this image of arrested contrast should in our opinion be discussed in the differential diagnosis when the membrane could not be seen at bronchoscopy. At operation surgery confirmed the retention of infected membrane but in our two children infection had led to the destruction of a lower lobe which was removed. These situations where the diagnosis of pulmonary hydatids is difficult are far from being rare in countries of hgh endemiology such as Tunisia. Our observations show the advantage of bronchoscopy, which sometimes enable one to see or to remove a fragment of the membrane and thus entrust the child to a surgeon with a definitive diagnosis. PMID- 6522811 TI - [Desaturation and nocturnal pulmonary arterial hypertension in C.O.P.D.: effects of oxygen therapy]. AB - The influence of low flow oxygen on saturation (SaO2) and mean nocturnal pulmonary artery pressure (PAP), was studied in a group of chronic bronchitics suffering from severe airflow obstruction with moderate respiratory failure. 20 patients had oxymetry on ambient air, six underwent a continuous recording of SaO2 and of PAP for 2 nights; the first on ambient air, the second on Oxygen. The six patients showed transitory desaturation, accompanied by instantaneous rise in PAP. The oxygen greatly improved the mean values and maximal variation of SaO2 and PAP, supporting the hypothesis that this treatment is capable of preventing T.A.P., and chronic cor pulmonale in patients whose diurnal blood gas values do not justify continuous oxygen therapy, according to classical criteria. PMID- 6522812 TI - Vocational rehabilitation: a psychological perspective. PMID- 6522814 TI - Vocational rehabilitation as social science. PMID- 6522813 TI - Vocational rehabilitation: a USA/UK cross-cultural perspective. PMID- 6522815 TI - [Ultrastructural changes in female germ cells during the meiotic prophase in the rat: a special study of membranes after cryofracture]. AB - Ultrastructural changes in the nuclear and cytoplasmic elements in the germ cells of female rats were followed before meiotic prophase (15.50 days post-coitum and 17.25 days post-coitum) and during it (17.75 days post-coitum to birth). We observed: modifications in the nuclear envelope which was thick during the oogonial stage, becoming thinner when the chromosomes entered preleptotene stage. The thinning of the envelope was due to the disappearance of the chromatin material lining it; variations in the number and distribution of germ cell nuclear pores according to stage; the pores were first scattered in small clusters of 6 to 8 over the entire nuclear membrane. From the preleptotene to zygotene stage, these clusters enriched in pores to form large areas. Finally, in the pachytene and diplotene stages, clusters of more than 100 pores were seen; nucleolar fragmentation from the preleptotene stage, followed by the formation of a new active nucleole in the diplotene; polarization of the mitochondria in the oldest oogonia just before the beginning of meiotic prophase. This polarization disappeared after the onset of the meiotic processes, then appeared again near the developing Golgi apparatus at the end of the pachytene stage; the formation of large gap junctions and numerous bands of tight junctions between the somatic cells; these formations contrasted with small gap junctions, and the tight junctions became scarce just before the meiotic process began. These observations, as well as those concerning nuclear pore distribution were made using the cryofracture technique. PMID- 6522816 TI - Autoradiographic investigation of sperm transit through the male mouse genital tract after tritiated thymidine incorporation. AB - The transit of spermatozoa in the genital tract of the male mouse was investigated by quantitative light microscopic autoradiography after intraperitoneal injection of tritiated thymidine. Transit duration in the caput and the corpus of the epididymis was shown to be 3 days; the total duration of transit in the genital tract was 5 days. These findings indicate that the time required for the transit of spermatozoa in the epididymal caput and corpus was comparable to that calculated in other mammals studied. However, the duration of sperm storage in the epididymal cauda appeared to be shorter than that previously reported for rodents. PMID- 6522817 TI - Bracken toxicology: identification of some water soluble compounds from crozier and rhizome. AB - The isolation and chemical characterisation of compounds not previously reported from bracken fern (Pteridium aquilinum L Kuhn) are described. They occurred in fractions derived from the plant which have been shown to be carcinogenic in mice. Known properties of structural analogues could have implications concerning initiation of tumour formation. PMID- 6522818 TI - Migratory waterfowl as flying reservoirs of Yersinia species. AB - Intestinal contents of tufted ducks and faecal samples from two other species of migratory birds were examined for Yersinia species of organisms. From 296 tufted ducks Yersinia species were isolated from 10 (3.4 per cent), from 223 swans Yersinia species were recovered from eight (3.6 per cent) but none were recovered from the faeces of 121 pintail ducks. Since the isolates differed from each other in their biochemical characteristics and, or, O serotypes, yersinia infection in these migratory waterfowl seemed to be sporadic. PMID- 6522819 TI - Histochemical studies on the zona reticularis of stress-susceptible pigs. AB - During an investigation into the role of the adrenal gland in stress susceptibility of pigs, the large lipid masses in the inner zona reticularis were seen to be particularly related to sex differences, although stress-susceptible castrates had significantly more lipid in this zone than had stress-resistant castrates. Significant histochemical differences were also found in the activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and succinic dehydrogenase between the sexes and between castrates of differing susceptibility to stress. The differences in histochemical activity suggest a different origin for some of the adrenocortical cells in the inner zona reticularis. PMID- 6522820 TI - X-ray microanalysis of liver and kidney in copper loaded sheep with and without thiomolybdate administration. AB - The distribution of elements in the cells of the liver and kidney of normal sheep, of sheep chronically intoxicated with copper and in sheep given copper and thiomolybdate was studied by atomic absorption spectrophotometry, electron microscopy and electronprobe X-ray microanalysis. Copper concentrations were increased in the liver and kidney during the pre-haemolytic and haemolytic stages of the disease. In addition iron concentrations were markedly increased in the kidney during haemolysis. Copper and molybdenum concentrations were increased in the kidney of sheep receiving copper and thiomolybdate or thiomolybdate alone. By electronprobe X-ray microanalysis at the pre-haemolytic and haemolytic stages, copper together with small amounts of calcium and chromium were found in lysosomes of liver cells. In addition, in animals killed during haemolysis, high concentrations of iron were found in apical lysosomes of kidney proximal tubule cells. Copper and molybdenum were found in apical lysosomes of kidney tubule cells in animals given copper and thiomolybdate or thiomolybdate alone. The accumulation of copper with molybdenum and sulphur in the lysosomes of thiomolybdate treated copper intoxicated animals was demonstrated for the first time and may indicate the sequestration within lysosomes of a copper-molybdenum protein complex. PMID- 6522821 TI - Importance of water for the health and productivity of the dairy cow. AB - Four lactating Friesian cows (average weight 485 kg, milk yield 22 kg d-1) were maintained in completely controlled circumstances and deprived of water for 72 hours. During this period they were carefully monitored and lost 100 kg in bodyweight, principally accounted for by cumulative losses of water in milk, urine, faeces and respired air. The mean rates of respiration and rumen contraction decreased by approximately 50 per cent. Mean body temperature increased by 0.5 degrees C, but pulse rate did not change significantly. Dry matter intake, particularly of hay, decreased rapidly to less than 10 per cent of normal on the third day. Milk yield decreased only slightly during the first 24 hours but on the third day the average yield was only 28 per cent of normal; the composition of the milk did not change significantly. There were significant progressive increases in serum sodium concentration (after four hours water deprivation), osmolality (after 24 hours), urea (after 38 hours), copper (after 48 hours) and magnesium and total protein concentration (after 62 hours); packed cell volume (measured with a Coulter Counter) increased after 38 hours but packed cell volume (determined in a microhaematocrit centrifuge) increased only after 62 hours. In spite of the dehydration the cows showed no signs of distress. Within 48 hours of the cows being given free access to water, bodyweight, appetite, milk yield and blood composition had returned almost completely to normal. PMID- 6522822 TI - Plasma and histological changes in furazolidone treated chickens. AB - Chickens were treated orally with furazolidone at dose rates of 40 or 80 mg kg-1 for five days or fed the drug at concentrations of 0.04 per cent w/w or 0.08 per cent w/w for 10 days. Plasma constituents, liver, heart, kidney, cerebrum, cerebellum and testes were examined. Furazolidone at the recommended therapeutic dose rate of 0.04 per cent w/w for 10 days or at a dose rate of 40 mg kg-1 for five days produced no significant changes in morphology or plasma parameters measured. At a dose rate of 0.08 per cent w/w for 10 days or 80 mg kg-1 for five days, furazolidone produced significant decreases in the concentrations of total protein and cholesterol and tended to increase the activity of cholinesterase. In the plasma, concentrations of potassium increased and concentrations of sodium decreased. Histologically, congestion and some degenerative changes were observed in the tissues examined. PMID- 6522823 TI - Dyschondroplasia of the caput femoris in skeletally immature broilers. AB - A morphological, radiological and pathological study of avian capital femoral dyschondroplasia was conducted. At post mortem examination a widened and, or, shortened femoral neck was an indication that dyschondroplasia of the caput femoris may have been present. Metaphyseal defects of varying severity were readily detected in radiographs and on sectioning the proximal femur. Increased growth plate thickness was due to abnormally thick transitional and, in some cases, proliferating/maturing zones. In a proportion of cases eosinophilic scars and vascular canal occlusion occurred with adjacent matrix changes. Findings support the concept that patent growth plate vascular canals are a prerequisite for normal chondrocyte hypertrophy. PMID- 6522824 TI - Capital femoral epiphyseal infarction in skeletally immature broilers. AB - Varying degrees of capital femoral epiphyseal infarction have been identified in broiler chickens. The extent of vascular occlusion was more extensive than observed in capital femoral dyschondroplasia and growth plate cartilage retention was not a constant finding. Epiphyseal vascular occlusion resulted in growth plate cartilage necrosis. It is suggested that proliferating chondrocyte death and matrix disruption would predispose to epiphyseolysis. Similarities between avian capital femoral epiphyseal infarction and Legg-Calve-Perthes disease have been noted. PMID- 6522825 TI - Consequences of capital femoral dyschondroplasia in young adult and skeletally mature broilers. AB - Radiographs revealed defective endochondral ossification in proximal femora of 52 lame broilers. Cartilage retention either involved epiphyseal cartilage close to the articular surface or growth plate cartilage (dyschondroplasia). In at least seven birds proximal femoral lesions were the only abnormalities detected which could have caused lameness. In cases of moderate or severe cartilage retention, fracture lines traversed necrotic cartilage to undermine part or all of the femoral head. Evidence of reparative fibrosis was seen with augmentation of metaphyseal trabeculae by woven bone apposition. Foveal blood vessels aided repair by re-establishing a new ossification centre but in many cases attempts at repair were inadequate. PMID- 6522826 TI - Quantitation of the immunoglobulins in reproductive tract secretions of the mare. AB - IgG, IgA, IgM and albumin concentrations were measured in serum, follicular fluid and oviductal, uterine and intestinal secretions of the horse. Follicular protein concentrations were found to be dependent on serum concentration and molecular size. Of the immunoglobulins only IgG was detectable in oviductal secretions, but IgG:albumin ratios did not differ significantly from those in serum. IgG, IgA and IgM were measured in uterine secretions, with IgG predominant. Serum transudation into uterine secretions was minimal. In intestinal secretions, IgA levels were slightly higher than IgG, with albumin and IgM at low levels. In five mares with histories of chronic metritis, IgG, IgA and albumin concentrations were significantly elevated in uterine secretions. PMID- 6522827 TI - Beat-to-beat variability in QRS potentials recorded with an orthogonal lead system in horses with second degree partial A-V block. AB - Beat-to-beat variation in the amplitude of the QRS waveform from 13 horses with second degree partial atrioventricular block was examined using an orthogonal lead (X,Y,Z) system. The peak positive deflections (XR, YR and ZR) and peak negative deflections (XQS, YS and ZQ) were regressed against PR and RR intervals. XQS was used to indicate that the peak negative deflection in X could have been a Q or S wave. XR and YR were directly related to PR (P less than 0.001) and XQS and YS were inversely related to PR (P less than 0.001). YR was also directly related to RR (P less than 0.001) but not so strongly as to PR. YS was inversely related to RR (P less than 0.001). Neither ZQ nor ZR were related to PR or RR. The findings in this study suggest that vagal tone can affect intraventricular conduction in the horse. PMID- 6522828 TI - Morphological and biochemical studies of a naturally occurring enteropathy in the Irish setter dog: a comparison with coeliac disease in man. AB - A naturally occurring enteropathy was identified in Irish setter dogs and wheat sensitivity was demonstrated in a litter bred from two of the affected animals. The morphological and biochemical features of this enteropathy are described and compared to coeliac disease in man. Affected animals comprised 10 dogs that presented with poor weight gain or weight loss, with or without diarrhoea. Exocrine pancreatic function was normal and culture of duodenal juice demonstrated no marked bacterial overgrowth. Serum vitamin B12 concentrations were unaltered, but in some cases low serum and erythrocyte folate concentrations and reduced xylose absorption provided indirect evidence for proximal small intestinal disease. Examination of peroral jejunal biopsies revealed patchy morphological changes within individual animals, comprising predominantly partial, but in one case subtotal, villous atrophy. Brush border enzymes were selectively altered: the specific activities of alkaline phosphatase, leucyl-2 naphthylamidase and of zinc-resistant alpha-glucosidase were reduced by approximately 40 per cent, while activities of maltase, sucrase, lactase and gamma-glutamyl transferase were unaltered. Activity of a lysosomal enzyme was increased and there was evidence for enhanced lysosomal fragility. The activity of malate dehydrogenase, with a dual mitochondrial and cytoplasmic localisation, was decreased but there were no changes in the activities of marker enzymes for basal-lateral membranes, endoplasmic reticulum or peroxisomes. These findings, particularly the specific biochemical abnormalities, were comparable to those in partially treated coeliac disease in man; however, a specific role for wheat in the pathogenesis of the disease has yet to be defined. PMID- 6522829 TI - Relative deficiency of serum IgA in the german shepherd dog: a breed abnormality. AB - Serum immunoglobulin concentrations in clinically healthy German shepherd dogs were compared with those in mongrel dogs and Irish setters. Serum IgA concentrations were significantly lower in the German shepherd dogs than in the other two groups, while there were no differences in the concentrations of IgM or IgG. These findings suggest that production of IgA by gut associated lymphoid tissue may be abnormally low in the German shepherd dog. PMID- 6522830 TI - Diversity in nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide requirement for the growth of different strains of Mycoplasma synoviae. AB - The type strain WVU 1853 and field strains SG, N26 and A642 of Mycoplasma synoviae were examined for their requirement for nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide (NAD) for in vitro growth. All the strains grew and could be repeatedly passaged in Frey broth medium supplemented with filter-sterilised NAD. In modified Frey broth medium from which NAD was omitted and broth medium for which the supplements including yeast extract and NAD were autoclaved, only strains N26 and A642 could be grown and passaged. The growth curves of strain N26 determined in broth media with and without NAD were similar. These results indicated that there are differences in NAD-requirement for in vitro growth among strains of M synoviae. PMID- 6522831 TI - Inhibited development of cyathostominae in the horse in the early third stage. AB - Inhibited early third stage larvae of Cyathostominae were found in the digested mucosa of the large intestine of 12 yearling, female Shetland ponies, which were used in two grazing experiments. The ponies were killed in late autumn. In some ponies the inhibited larvae were very abundant and in most animals the majority of the Cyathostominae populations consisted of these early third stage larvae, suggesting that the phenomenon has an epidemiological significance. PMID- 6522832 TI - Impaired mitogen responses in lambs with white muscle disease. AB - Lymphocytes from healthy lambs produced vigorous but variable responses to phytolectins when tested in whole blood culture. Differences between groups with low glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx) activities and groups supplemented with selenium were not significant. However, animals with low GSHPx activities and white muscle disease reacted feebly to mitogen. No correlation was found between levels of GSHPx activity and the numbers of leucocytes in the circulation. PMID- 6522833 TI - Plasma gastrin in the pig from birth to weaning. AB - Mean (+/- SEM) plasma gastrin concentration was measured as 84.4 +/- 7.0 pmol litre-1 by radioimmunoassay in 35 newly born pigs within one hour of birth but, two-and-a-half hours later, after sucking, it had decreased to 34.9 +/- 3.6 pmol litre-1. Significant increases (P less than 0.01) in the concentration of plasma gastrin occurred in the three weeks after birth to 142.5 +/- 13.2 pmol litre-1 at one week, 174.8 +/- 15.7 pmol litre-1 at two weeks and 91.4 +/- 9.6 pmol litre-1 at three weeks after birth. On weaning, at four weeks old, plasma gastrin concentration was 26.0 +/- 1.7 pmol litre-1 and at five and six weeks old it was 56.7 +/- 4.4 and 54.7 +/- 3.9 pmol litre-1, respectively. PMID- 6522834 TI - Biological half-life of oxytocin in the goat. AB - The disappearance of oxytocin from the peripheral circulation of the goat after a single intravenous injection followed a biexponential curve. The mean (+/- SD) half-life, calculated from the slower component of this decline, was 22.3 +/- 0.6 minutes. The volume of the central compartment was about twice the volume of the vascular compartment and the total apparent volume of distribution was more than twice the size of the extracellular compartment. PMID- 6522835 TI - Elastic properties of the oesophageal wall in the dynamic measurement of intrathoracic pressure in cattle. AB - The elastance of the midthoracic portion of the oesophagus was measured in 14 healthy Dutch Friesians. These were divided into three groups with mean ages of six, 126 and 1636 days, respectively. Mean elastance was 0.17, 0.10 and 0.06 kPa ml-1, respectively. The calculated percentage of error, in relating the endoesophageal pressure with that in the thorax, was found to be smaller than 1 per cent for each animal. PMID- 6522836 TI - Preliminary pharmacokinetic study of isometamidium chloride in camels. AB - Isometamidium chloride was given to camels at a single intravenous dose rate of 0.5 or 1 mg kg-1 and the plasma drug concentration measured spectrophotometrically at frequent intervals for up to 48 hours. Isometamidium chloride concentrations were found to be 9.8 +/- 0.2 and 8.7 +/- 0.2 micrograms ml-1 half an hour after treatment with 1 and 0.5 mg kg-1, respectively, and 1.7 +/- 0.3 and 0.7 +/- 0.3 micrograms ml-1 after 24 hours. No measurable drug concentration was found 48 hours after dosing. PMID- 6522838 TI - Enteritis and green diarrhoea in experimental avian spirochaetosis. AB - Chickens infected with a virulent strain of Borrelia anserina showed acute enteritis, haemosiderosis in intestinal villi and green diarrhoea. Although spirochaetes in the intestine had begun to disintegrate 96 hours after infection, enteritis and green diarrhoea continued. It is suggested that the greenish discoloration may be a consequence of enteritis and haemosiderosis. PMID- 6522837 TI - Absorption of cysticerci in cattle after treatment of taenia saginata cysticercosis with praziquantel. AB - Two groups of calves aged 10 to 15 weeks were orally infected with either 6000 or 30,000 Taenia saginata eggs. Three to four months later they were treated with praziquantel, three doses of 50 mg kg-1 on three consecutive days. All the cysticerci were killed by the drug and most were absorbed by between six and nine months after treatment. From then on there was little further absorption and residual calcified cysts were still found in the carcases up to 24 months after drug treatment. These residual calcified cysts were particularly common in the heart muscles and would probably have been detected at meat inspection. PMID- 6522839 TI - Persistence of antibody in calves after an infection with Hypoderma bovis. AB - The antibody titre of seven calves, naturally infected with Hypoderma bovis, was estimated by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) on sera collected from June to early December 1983 following infection in 1982. It was found that the antibody was lost from the circulation of these animals about 14 weeks after the disappearance of the infection. It is suggested that the presence of antibody in the sera of calves sampled in the late autumn and winter indicated that a new infection had been acquired. PMID- 6522840 TI - Relationship between pulmonary artery mean pressure and the vertical gradient of perfusion in chronic respiratory diseases. AB - The relationship between mean pulmonary artery pressure (PPA) and the regional distribution of perfusion, investigated with 133Xe, was studied in 67 patients with chronic respiratory diseases, including 57 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The vertical gradient of perfusion, assessed by the ratio upper/lower perfusion (RQ), was considered as normal when RQ was less than or equal to 0.85. Patients were divided into three groups: no pulmonary hypertension, mild hypertension, moderate to severe hypertension. RQ was normal in the majority of patients, even in the group with PPA greater than 30 mm Hg. The average values of RQ did not significantly differ from one group to another. There was no correlation between PPA or pulmonary vascular resistance and RQ. These results suggest that the vertical gradient of perfusion is generally conserved and that the distribution of perfusion cannot provide any reliable prediction of pulmonary hypertension in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. PMID- 6522841 TI - The 12-min walking distance; its use in the pre-operative assessment of patients with bronchial carcinoma before lung resection. AB - The 12-min walking distance was measured as part of the pre-operative evaluation of 30 patients with carcinoma of the bronchus consecutively admitted to hospital for lung resection. Of the 22 who had a resection, 7 suffered post-operative ventilatory complications. There was no significant difference in distance walked, both in absolute terms and when standardised for effort, between these patients and the 15 who did not suffer post-operative complications. The empirically derived level of maximum separation between the complication and non complication groups was in the region of 1,100 m. This approach also failed to provide significant separation between the two groups. Significant separation was achieved by discriminant analysis of simple pulmonary function tests but this separation was not enhanced by entry of values from the 12-min walk into the analysis. These results suggest that there is little to be gained from adding exercise testing to routine pulmonary function tests in pre-operative assessment before lung resection, and that the use of exercise tolerance as a final arbiter of fitness for operation should be viewed with caution. PMID- 6522842 TI - Hypersensitivity pneumonitis concomitant with acute airway obstruction after exposure to hay dust. AB - The case of a non-atopic farmer who had developed severe respiratory as well as systemic symptoms upon exposure to hay dust during the past several years is presented. Inhalation challenge by his own hay induced an unusual association of peripheral and central airway obstruction beginning immediately, and hardly susceptible to therapeutic control, as well as the typical hypersensitivity pneumonitis reaction several hours later. By means of double immunodiffusion it was possible to demonstrate serum precipitins to antigenic components in this hay, which could be predominantly identified as antigens of several Aspergillus species. By means of the more sensitive crossed immunoelectrophoresis technique ten relevant antigens of Aspergillus terreus and four of Aspergillus fumigatus were demonstrable. Only minimal aspergillus-specific IgE antibodies were found in the patient's serum. This case demonstrates that hay dust can cause bronchial obstruction as well as hypersensitivity pneumonitis in the same individual, with symptoms beginning immediately and lasting up to 2 days. PMID- 6522844 TI - [Pulmonary function in artificial ventilation]. PMID- 6522843 TI - Ultrastructural alteration of intrapulmonary nerves after exposure to organic solvents. A contribution to 'sniffers disease'. AB - The effects of the solvents n-hexane, butanone (methyl-ethyl-ketone, MEK) and a mixture of both in the intrapulmonary nerve system of rats were studied by light and electron microscopy. The alteration in the fine structures of the tissue consisted in a disseminated swelling of axons due to a striking multiplication of neurofilaments. Nonspecific axonal alterations could be demonstrated as well. The latter consisted in clusters of phospholipid material within the axoplasm of nerve fibers and the cytoplasm of Schwann cells plus an accumulation of glycogen granules in the axoplasm. Additionally, single degenerative changes of Schwann cells were observed. An enzyme-associated metabolic damage with a concomitant impairment of axonal flow is discussed as a possible underlying pathomechanism. PMID- 6522845 TI - [Practical approach to pulmonary infections in the immunocompromised host]. PMID- 6522847 TI - [Omniscope--a computerized cardiac single probe system combined with a B-mode ultrasound instrument]. PMID- 6522846 TI - [Right heart failure and hypersplenism]. PMID- 6522848 TI - [Studies on the heart diseases resulting in aortic regurgitation in infants and children]. PMID- 6522849 TI - [Clinical prolonged ventricular bypass assist in patients with critical cardiac conditions and its experimental basis]. PMID- 6522850 TI - [Negative U-wave in patients with left ventricular volume overload--aortic versus mitral regurgitation]. PMID- 6522851 TI - [Two cases of exercise-induced ventricular tachycardia--catecholamine-induced ventricular tachycardia]. PMID- 6522852 TI - [Two cases of the ectopic origin of the right coronary artery from the left sinus of Valsalva]. PMID- 6522853 TI - [A case of single coronary artery complicated with myocardial infarction]. PMID- 6522854 TI - [A case of arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia: noninvasive evaluation by technetium-99m cardiac blood pool scan, thallium-201 myocardial imaging and X-ray CT]. PMID- 6522855 TI - [Improvement of ventricular fibrillation by decreasing isoprenaline accumulation in the myocardium]. PMID- 6522856 TI - [Plasma catecholamine concentrations in ouabain-induced arrhythmia during acebutolol administration]. PMID- 6522857 TI - [Decline of sympathetic nervous system regulation as etiological factor in sinoatrial block model]. PMID- 6522858 TI - [Action mechanism of angiotensin II on norepinephrine release]. PMID- 6522860 TI - [Plasma norepinephrine levels in patients with heart diseases during exercise]. PMID- 6522859 TI - [Influence of aging on the function of the sympathetic nervous system in healthy subjects--plasma norepinephrine, epinephrine and dopamine levels in rest and changes of posture]. PMID- 6522862 TI - [Effects of heart rate on evaluation of intra-esophageal pressure by conventional methods]. PMID- 6522861 TI - [Role of the autonomic nervous system in the pathogenesis of vasospastic angina- neurogenic humoral regulators and ECG R-R interval variations]. PMID- 6522863 TI - [Therapy of prosthetic valve endocarditis]. PMID- 6522864 TI - [Evaluation of cardio-pulmonary function on maximal exercise test in normal school children]. PMID- 6522865 TI - [A case report of intra-His bundle Wenckebach phenomenon]. PMID- 6522866 TI - [Autopsy case of primary dissecting aneurysm of the right coronary artery]. PMID- 6522867 TI - Respiratory effects of pontine, medullary and spinal cord midline sections in the rabbit. AB - Experiments were performed on halothane anaesthetized, paralyzed rabbits with vagi intact or cut. In vagotomized rabbits separation of both halves of the medulla by a midline section resulted in a 'desynchronization' of both phrenic and both efferent vagal inspiratory volleys. Activities of all these nerves fall and respiratory frequency decreased. In animals with intact vagi the inspiratory volleys generated by each half of the brainstem were locked to the respirator (and consequently to each other). Elimination of the phasic feedback by stopping the respirator led to 'desynchronization'. Extension of the incision through the pons and midbrain increased phrenic amplitude almost to control values. During 'desynchronized' firing the coincident volleys exhibited markedly bigger amplitude than those which appeared in the opposite phase, i.e. during the silent period of the other phrenic. Hemisection at C1 level or a cervical spinal cord midline myelotomy eliminated the amplitude differences between coinciding and non coinciding volleys. Amplitude of efferent vagal activity was always constant and synchronous with the ipsilateral phrenic. Our findings indicate the existence of bulbo-spinal excitatory and inhibitory pathways which affect phrenic motoneurones from the opposite side. We conclude that integration at pontine and cervical spinal cord level may significantly influence the respiratory output. PMID- 6522868 TI - Prolonged inhibition of respiration following acute hypoxia in glomectomized cats. AB - Respiratory responses to several minutes exposure to hypoxia (PaO2 less than 30 torr) were determined in anesthetized, paralyzed, vagotomized and glomectomized cats whose end-tidal PCO2 and body temperature were kept constant. Respiratory activity was quantified from phrenic nerve activity. Animals breathed 100% O2 during the control period. The study reaffirmed that in glomectomized animals hypoxia causes depression of respiratory activity. The new finding was that phrenic activity remained significantly depressed below the original control level for more than one hr after return to the hyperoxic state. Medullary ECF pH was measured in 3 cats. There was an acid shift of pH during hypoxia that persisted for more than one hour after return to hyperoxic state. We pretreated another group (n = 5) of animals with theophylline, a specific antagonist of the inhibitory neurotransmitter adenosine. Hypoxia still caused depression of respiratory activity, but it was less severe than in untreated animals. Upon return to the hyperoxic state, respiratory activity returned to the original control level within 10 min. We conclude that the long-lasting depression of respiration following hypoxia is mediated by adenosine. Furthermore, adenosine appears to be partially responsible for the acute depression of respiration during the hypoxic exposure. PMID- 6522869 TI - Effects of maturation on tissue capillarity in chickens. AB - Tissue capillarity, diffusion distances and myoglobin concentrations in the anterior latissimus dorsi (ALD), consisting entirely of slow tonic fibers, the posterior latissimus dorsi (PLD), consisting entirely of twitch fibers, and the gastrocnemius (GST), consisting of both twitch and tonic fibers, were determined for the domestic chicken throughout maturation. Increases in muscle mass for the three muscles are due to fiber hypertrophy and are quantified as changes in the average cross-sectional area (FCSA) of the fibers. Capillary densities were highest in the newly hatched chicks: ALD = 3967 +/- 888 caps/mm2, PLD = 8360 +/- 1078 caps/mm2, and GST = 8360 +/- 8360 +/- 1283 caps/mm2; and decreased in proportion to the increase in FCSA, to adult values of ALD = 450 +/- 50, PLD = 120 +/- 20 and GST = 267 +/- 33 caps/mm2. In contrast to mammals, the ratio of the numbers of capillaries to the numbers of muscle fibers appears to be fixed at or shortly after hatch; there is not an increase in the numbers of capillaries to offset fiber hypertrophy. Consistent with the observations on capillary densities, the diffusion distances are shortest in the newly hatched chicks where the maximal diffusion distance is 17.9 +/- 1.06 micron in the ALD, 12.5 +/- 1.08 micron in the PLD and 17.4 +/- 0.93 micron in the GST. The maximal diffusion distance increased in proportion to FCSA; to 42.4 +/- 5.75 micron in the ALD, 88.8 +/- 1.33 micron in the PLD and 64.4 micron +/- 8.59 micron in the GST. In the adult the diffusion distances varied with the fiber type of the muscle. Myoglobin concentrations were similar in the ALD and PLD and were lowest at hatch but increased to plateau values of 4.3 +/- 0.51 mg/g for the slow-tonic ALD and 2.2 +/- 0.33 mg/g for the fast-twitch PLD. In contrast, myoglobin concentrations in the GST were highest in the newly hatched chicks and decreased to a low-level plateau of 1.8 +/- 0.83 mg/g in the adult. The very high myoglobin concentrations in the GST of the newly hatched chicks may represent an adaptation to conditions of extreme hypoxia in the hind limb of the developing embryo. PMID- 6522871 TI - Activation of visceral thin-fiber afferents increases respiratory output in cats. AB - Respiratory responses to chemical activation of thin-fiber afferents from the stomach and the gallbladder were measured in anesthetized cats. Capsaicin or bradykinin applied to the serosal surface of either the stomach or the gallbladder elicited increases in breathing and phrenic nerve activity. Transection of the cervical vagi or the carotid sinus nerves had no effect on these responses. However, the respiratory responses to visceral stimulation were abolished by bilateral transection of the splanchnic nerves. We conclude that activation of thin-fiber afferents from the stomach and gallbladder causes a reflex increase in respiratory output. The initial afferent limb of this reflex is via the splanchnic nerves. PMID- 6522870 TI - Effects of hypoxia on tissue capillarity in geese. AB - Tissue capillarity in the gastrocnemius and myoglobin concentrations in the gastrocnemius and heart were determined for hatchling Canada geese, Branta canadensis, following incubation of the embryos under either normoxic (Po2 = 120 torr) or hypoxic (Po2 = 94 torr) conditions. Similar observations were made on a limited number of hatchling bar-headed geese, Anser indicus, a species native to high altitude. Capillary densities were higher and diffusion distances shorter in the hypoxic Canada geese and the bar-headed geese than in the normoxic Canada geese. The concentrations of myoglobin in the heart and gastrocnemius increased with mass, but not as a function of hypoxia. We conclude that bird embryos respond to hypoxia by increasing capillarity. The increased capillarity is found in species native to high altitude when incubated under conditions of normoxia and can be induced in species native to sea level by exposure to hypoxia during development. PMID- 6522872 TI - Role of the carotid bodies in ventilatory acclimation to chronic hypoxia by the awake cat. AB - Steady-state breathing patterns during air and hypoxia (PIO2 = 84 Torr) were measured in awake cats in the following conditions: (1) during 7 months of exposure to air following carotid body resection (CBR; N = 6); (2) during 7 months of hypobaric hypoxia (PIO2 = 84 Torr; N = 5) following CBR; (3) during 5 months of exposure to hypobaric hypoxia (N = 4) while intact and then following CBR. Also, in groups (1) and (2) the aortic nerves were sectioned (ANX) at the end of the acclimation periods. The results show that the awake cat hypoventilates if the carotid bodies have been removed, and hypoxic sensitivity is reduced during long-term exposures to either hypoxia or normoxia. ANX caused a slight increase in respiratory frequency, indicating a minor role for the aortic bodies. CBR after acclimation to hypoxia resulted in decreased tidal volume but no change in respiratory frequency. The slight ventilatory acclimation to hypoxia in CBR cats was solely due to increased respiratory frequency. The phenomenon of 'hypoxic tachypnea' was modulated by acclimation, indicating that the effect of hypoxic acclimation upon respiratory frequency is due to central mechanisms. PMID- 6522873 TI - [Neisseria mucosa in a patient with a herpetic infection]. PMID- 6522874 TI - [Outbreak of shigellosis among non-human primates maintained in captivity]. PMID- 6522875 TI - [Biological and immunological behavior of an attenuated strain of rabies virus propagated in a primary culture of fetal bovine kidney]. PMID- 6522876 TI - [Intraocular toxoplasmosis, presentation of a case]. PMID- 6522877 TI - [Dermatophytes on the healthy skin of various body regions]. PMID- 6522878 TI - [Infectious endocarditis in the elderly]. AB - Thirty three cases of infectious endocarditis in patients over 65 years of age (mean age: 72,5 years) observed between 1966 and 1982, were analysed; there were 22 male and 11 female patients, a male predominance of 67%. The data was compared with 68 cases of patients aged less than 65 years of age (mean age: 48,4 years; 49 male and 19 female patients, a male predominance of 72%) treated during the same period. In the patients over 65 years old, compared to those under the age of 65, we observed that: the previous condition of the cardiac valves was more commonly unknown (39% compared to 21%), rheumatic valvular disease was rare (12% of cases), the diagnosis was not delayed, the reason for hospital admission was usually a complication (30% compared to 7%), the two cardinal signs (pyrexia and a cardiac murmur) were always present, as in the younger age group, the urinary tract was the only commoner site of primary infection, the blood cultures were as frequently positive in both groups (79% compared to 85%), in cases with negative blood cultures, antibiotics had not always been given beforehand, but this was commoner than in the younger age group, the causal organisms and usual biological changes were unremarkable, echocardiography, often more difficult because of the high incidence of valvular thickening, remained a valuable tool for diagnosis and management, cardiac failure was more common (55% compared to 37%) as were neurological complications (24% compared to 10%) and renal failure, mortality was greater (39% compared to 25%) and higher in both groups in patients with aortic valve disease and infection with staph-aureus. PMID- 6522879 TI - [Leukemoid eosinophilic reaction in angioimmunoblastic adenopathy]. AB - A case of eosinophilic leukemoid reaction is described. This picture is seldom encountered during the course of angio-immunoblastic adenopathy. After reviewing various diagnoses and pointing out similar cases of the literature, the authors discuss the possible pathophysiologic mechanisms of eosinophilia in this disorder. PMID- 6522880 TI - [Glomerular nephropathies in untreated rheumatoid arthritis. Review of the literature apropos of 2 cases]. AB - Two cases of classical rheumatoid arthritis complicated by the development of a glomerulopathy independently of drug treatment are presented. Renal biopsy showed membranous glomerulonephritis in one case and fusion of foot processes in the second. The literature is reviewed and the possible relationships between rheumatoid arthritis and these glomerulopathies are discussed. The authors conclude to the absence of causal relationship between these two diseases. PMID- 6522882 TI - [Chronic meningitis: a crossroads to mark. Analysis of 5 cases and review of the literature]. PMID- 6522881 TI - [Nephrotoxicity of aminoglycosides and cephalosporins. Value of examining the isoenzyme profile of N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase]. AB - It is a well known fact that aminoglycosides increase urinary action of N-acetyl beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) but the significance of this fact remains, as yet, nuclear. The aim of this study is firstly to attempt to form an explanation of the enzymatic effects of aminoglycosides by studying the excretion of A, B, I isoenzymes and by calculating the ratio A/B + I during gentamicin, tobramycin and amikacin therapy and secondly, by using this method, to try to propose a marker for evaluating nephrotoxicity. Our results indicate that all three antibiotics induce an increase in the excretion of the A-form, which is present freely in the lysosomes and in physiological urines, but that only gentamicin and tobramycin bring about an increase in the B-form associated with the lysosomal membrane. Since excretion of the B-form is associated with renal failure, it can be proposed as a good marker for evaluating nephrotoxicity. These observations allow us to advance the hypothesis that aminoglycosides determine an enzymatic inducing effect on the NAG synthesis with urinary excretion of the A-form by exocytosis whilst the excretion of the B-form, associated with the lysosomal membrane, would result from a rupture of this membrane. This lesion would bring about an excretion of toxic aminoside into the cytoplasm, causing damage to the mitochondrial apparatus. On the other hand isoenzymatic profiles, observed during cephalosporin treatment suggest a process of cellular necrosis. PMID- 6522883 TI - [Rupture of a posttraumatic aneurysm of the thoracic aorta after a 17-year latency]. PMID- 6522884 TI - [Pasteurella multocida septicemia disclosing acute disseminated erythematosus lupus]. PMID- 6522885 TI - [Gas gangrene disclosing colonic cancer. Role of synergistic gangrene]. AB - After reporting a case of synergistic gas gangrene of the retroperitoneum spreading to the thigh, revealing a carcinoma of the descending colon, the authors review the symptomatology and management of synergistic gas gangrene defined as a gas gangrene due to anaerobic non clostridial bacilli, and aerobic flora and emphasize the exceptional nature of its association with a carcinoma of the colon. PMID- 6522886 TI - Occupational health in advanced countries in the next century. AB - The gift of prophecy is rare but an attempt is made to forecast some of the developments in occupational health in the next century. People will not change nor will the natural laws or the properties of chemicals. The biological environment may alter significantly as a result of bioengineering. Environmental stresses will be different but the psychosocial responses will remain the same. Many of the current problems of dose-response relationships will be resolved by time and experience, though inevitably new problems will arise. The level of expectation of health will continue to exceed the resources available. PMID- 6522887 TI - Stature, sitting height and relative sitting height of female northern Kyushuites. AB - Stature, sitting height and relative sitting height (a ratio of sitting height to stature) of 318 high school girls of 17 years of age in Kitakyushu City were studied. They consisted of groups over a three-year period; 1973, 1980 and 1984. There are statistically no significant changes in the stature, in the sitting height, and in the relative sitting height among these three groups. The relative sitting height of these three groups is about 54%, which is about the same as among the Chinese, Eskimos, American-Indians and the Hokkaido-Ainu. PMID- 6522888 TI - [Morphometric analysis of diameter and density of myelinated and unmyelinated fibers of normal human sural nerves]. AB - Diameter and density of both myelinated and unmyelinated fibers were morphometrically analyzed in 8 sural nerves obtained from 8 normal volunteers by utilizing a TGA-10 particle analyzer (Carl Zeiss Co., West Germany). The density of total myelinated fibers was (7.4 +/- 1.3) X 10(3) (mean +/- standard deviation) per square millimeter. The border diameter between small and large myelinated fibers was 5.4 +/- 0.5 micron. The densities of small and large myelinated fibers in cross sectional areas were (4.5 +/- 0.9) X 10(3) and (2.9 +/ 0.7) X 10(3) per square millimeter, respectively. The density of unmyelinated fibers was (27.9 +/- 5.8) X 10(3) per square millimeter. The peak and the median diameters in the size distribution of unmyelinated fiber diameters were 0.88 +/- 0.15 and 0.86 +/- 0.12 micron, respectively. The mean distribution histograms of the sizes of both myelinated and unmyelinated fibers of 8 sural nerves were also established. The morphometric findings obtained in this study serve as control in histopathologic analysis of the sural nerves from the patients with various peripheral neuropathies. PMID- 6522889 TI - [A case of multiple myeloma treated with long-term peritoneal dialysis]. AB - A 54-year-old female was admitted to our hospital in November 1979 with a history of lumbago and proteinuria. She was diagnosed as suffering from chronic renal failure (CRF) due to multiple myeloma (Bence-Jones kappa type). Intermittent COP therapy (a combination of cyclophosphamide, vincristine and prednisolone) and peritoneal dialysis were started. Her clinical condition was improved and well controlled by peritoneal dialysis over a period of 26 months until she died of pneumonia. Renal failure due to multiple myeloma has been a very poor prognosis. Hemodialysis has been used for renal failure much more frequently than peritoneal dialysis. In this case, control of chronic renal failure due to multiple myeloma with peritoneal dialysis was successfully performed over a long period of time. Peritoneal dialysis, therefore, may be an effective therapy for CRF due to multiple myeloma. PMID- 6522890 TI - [Synthetic pyrethroid insecticides and development of resistance to them]. AB - After the structures of pyrethrins, the insecticidal components of pyrethrum flowers, were determined, syntheses of derivatives of them were undertaken, and first generation synthetic pyrethroids, such as allethrin, resmethrin and phenothrin, were produced. Due to lack of photostability in these compounds, their use was limited to the control of sanitary or household pests. The syntheses of second generation synthetic pyrethroids, i.e., permethrin and fenvalerate, overcame a lack of photostability. These are now widely employed in the areas of agriculture and public health. Development of resistance in insect pests is the only difficulty to the future success of ideal insecticides, or synthetic pyrethroides. In this review, information regarding the development of pyrethroid resistance is summerized, and also the importance of nerve insensitivity to the chemicals, as a mechanism of resistance in insects pests, is pointed out. PMID- 6522891 TI - [Vasodilator therapy in cardiac insufficiency]. PMID- 6522892 TI - [Treatment of bronchial non-small cell cancer: point of view of the cancer internist]. PMID- 6522893 TI - [Aspirin-induced asthma]. PMID- 6522894 TI - [Psychiatry and medicine today]. PMID- 6522895 TI - [Pitfalls of drug therapy in geriatrics]. PMID- 6522896 TI - [Influenza, risk factor in aged persons? Apropos of a controlled trail of anti influenza vaccination]. PMID- 6522897 TI - [Epileptic manifestations in type 1 diabetes]. PMID- 6522898 TI - [Epileptic manifestations of cerebrovascular origin in children]. PMID- 6522899 TI - [Epileptic manifestations of cerebrovascular origin in adults]. PMID- 6522900 TI - [Narcolepsy--epilepsy. Differential diagnosis]. PMID- 6522901 TI - [Parasomnias (somnambulism, nightmares, enuresis) and epilepsy. Differential diagnosis]. PMID- 6522902 TI - [Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. An alternative to hemodialysis]. PMID- 6522903 TI - [Accidents to adolescents and young adults: can they be prevented?]. PMID- 6522904 TI - [The value of complement factors for the differential diagnosis of acute glomerulonephritis]. PMID- 6522905 TI - The importance of the distal stomach in gastric emptying of liquids in man. AB - The effects of pyloroplasty and vagal denervation of the distal stomach on gastric emptying of 10% dextrose have been compared. In a randomized trial, 38 male patients having elective surgery were treated by proximal gastric vagotomy (PGV, N = 10), proximal gastric vagotomy and pyloroplasty (PGV + P, N = 9), total gastric vagotomy (TGV, N = 9), and total gastric vagotomy and pyloroplasty (TGV + P, N = 10). Gastric emptying was recorded using an external scanning technique before and after operation. Compared with before operation, all four procedures resulted in significantly faster emptying during ingestion of the meal (the filling phase). This is attributable to failure of receptive relaxation of the proximal stomach. The emptying phase (after ingestion of the meal) was unchanged by PGV, but was significantly altered by PGV + P, TGV, and TGV + P (Principal Component Analysis). Before operation and after PGV, emptying fitted a monoexponential curve. In contrast, after PGV + P, TGV, and TGV + P, the emptying phase fitted a double exponential curve. Emptying was precipitate initially, but slowed later, leaving a large residual volume. We conclude that, when the proximal stomach is denervated, the intact, innervated distal stomach can restore the emptying of hypertonic dextrose to normal; however, when the distal stomach is denervated or pyloroplasty has been performed emptying remains uncontrolled. Since pyloroplasty and vagal denervation have the same effect, it is concluded that the mechanism retarding the emptying of hypertonic dextrose is an active mechanism that resides in the terminal antrum or pylorus. PMID- 6522906 TI - A gastrin-producing adrenal tumor? AB - A patient with intractable diarrhea was found to have hyperchlorhydria, hypergastrinemia, and an increase in serum gastrin in response to secretin. At surgery the pancreas was completely normal, and an 8-cm adrenal adenoma was removed. Postoperatively the diarrhea ceased, and serum gastrin and gastric acid levels returned to normal. Tissue gastrin levels in the adrenal tumor were 1,000 times the expected values. Circumstantial evidence suggests that this tumor may have been secreting gastrin. PMID- 6522907 TI - Natural history of colorectal carcinoma with untreated liver metastases. AB - In a series of 474 patients operated on for colonic and rectal carcinoma, 65 were shown to have hepatic metastases. Factors influencing spontaneous survival were evaluated in 56 patients. This study emphasizes the dominant role of the amount of liver involvement. A clinical staging referring to the size and number of liver deposits, to the presence or absence of jaundice and/or malignant ascites, and to liver function tests abnormalities provides an available classification which can be closely related to the outcome of such patients. Thus, it yields a valuable basis to avoid misleading prognostic data and to substantiate the effectiveness of aggressive treatments in case of carefully selected patients. PMID- 6522908 TI - Hydrostatic balloon dilatation for stomal stenosis after gastric partitioning. AB - Hydrostatic balloon dilatation has been used successfully to treat several patients with stomal stenosis occurring as a late complication of gastroplasty. The technique of hydrostatic balloon dilatation practiced in this institution is reviewed in detail. This technique appears to offer several advantages over previous techniques: 1) the procedure can be accomplished with intravenous sedation eliminating the need for general anesthesia; 2) trauma to the gastric channel is minimized because no attempt is made to manipulate the endoscope through the stoma into the distal stomach; 3) radiopaque markers on the polyethylene balloon catheter permit easy and accurate positioning of the balloon within the gastric channel; 4) the low compliance characteristics of the polyethylene balloon used permit inflation to a predetermined outer diameter with minimum risk of balloon deformity or overdistention and rupture; and 5) the procedure is easily standardized and can therefore be expected to yield reproducible results. Late stomal stenosis after gastric partitioning may respond to conservative therapy including nutritional support and dietary counselling. Hydrostatic balloon dilatation should be considered as the preferred method of stomal dilatation in patients refractory to alternative forms of management. PMID- 6522909 TI - Response of gastric acid and gut hormones in biliary tract reconstruction using an interposed jejunum or ileum in dogs. AB - Ten dogs were used to investigate the changes in gut hormones; gastrin, secretin, GIP, and gut-GLI, as well as gastric acid secretion after a test-meal loading following a cholecystoduodenostomy interposing a portion of the jejunum or the ileum. Although the changes in the response of plasma gut hormones to the test meal were observed, the amount of acid output after the biliary tract reconstruction did not differ from that before the operations in either the jejunal interposition cholecystoduodenostomy or the ileal interposition cholecystoduodenostomy. Therefore, from the standpoint of gastric acid secretion, they are both recommendable procedures for biliary tract reconstruction. It was difficult, however, to interpret the change of gut hormone release in relation to gastric acid secretion. It is presumed that the release of gut hormones after the reconstructive procedure is mainly affected by the part of the small intestine which is used for the reconstruction. PMID- 6522911 TI - Spontaneous perforation of the common hepatic duct: report of seven cases. AB - Spontaneous perforation of the common hepatic duct is rare. Only 11 cases have been reported since McWilliams reported the first in 1912. Herewith, seven patients with spontaneous perforation of the hepatic duct treated between 1953 1980 at the Hunan Medical College Hospital in Ghangsha, China are added. PMID- 6522910 TI - The effect of celiac and superior mesenteric ganglionectomy on the canine gastric mucosal barrier. AB - The role of the sympathetic nervous system in gastric function remains poorly understood. This study was designed to evaluate the effect of celiac and superior mesenteric ganglionectomy on gastric mucosal barrier function. Four dogs with Pavlov-type pouches were studied. In the preganglionectomy phase, the pouch gastric mucosa was challenged with progressively higher concentrations of known damaging agents, ethanol and taurocholic acid. Mucosal integrity was studied by measuring ionic fluxes (H+, Na+, K+, Cl-) and transmucosal electrical potential difference (PD). Celiac and superior mesenteric ganglionectomy was then performed and after adequate recovery, the postganglionectomy phase of the study was done challenging the mucosa with the same damaging agents at the same concentrations used in the preganglionectomy study. The major alterations which occurred postganglionectomy were primarily motility-related and little evidence of altered gastric mucosal barrier permeability was detected. Specifically, all four animals developed an intractable diarrhea postganglionectomy which resulted in a 20% weight loss over 4-6 weeks. In contrast, there was no significant difference in H+ loss from and Na+/K+ gain to the pouches when the pre- and postganglionectomy fluxes were compared. Similarly, after challenge with damaging agents, PD changes in the pre- and postganglionectomy were not significantly different. PMID- 6522912 TI - The role of HIDA scanning in the assessment of external biliary fistulae. AB - Three patients with postoperative external biliary fistula are described. In each, radionuclide 99Tcm HIDA was used to define the anatomy of the fistula. The extent of the fistula and the presence of distal obstruction to bile flow could also be determined. This information was used to predict the likelihood of spontaneous fistula closure. HIDA scanning is a useful noninvasive alternative to other investigations, such as fistulography and cholangiography, which do not always provide useful information. The results of HIDA scanning can aid the clinical decision on the need for surgical intervention to correct an external biliary fistula. PMID- 6522913 TI - [Morvan's fibrillary chorea and acrodynic syndrome following mercury treatment]. AB - A 31 year-old inhabitant of French Guiana was prescribed mercuric iodide per os for two and a half months. Shortly before the end of the treatment he developed fasciculations in the trunk and particularly the lower limb muscles, distal painful paresthesias with vasomotor disorders, episodes of excessive perspiration and palmoplantar erythema, moderate fluctuating hypertension, progressive loss of weight and irritability with insomnia. Clinical and electrical signs of neuropathy were lacking. The clinical picture was that of Morvan's fibrillary chorea with acrodynia, the conditions of onset strongly suggesting a mercurial intoxication. Blood and particularly urine mercury levels were elevated. Administration of dimercaprol (BAL) considerably increased urinary excretion of mercury and there was progressive improvement and finally recovery after two months of BAL treatment. This case exemplifies the possible co-existence of fibrillary chorea and acrodynia. Whereas in many cases of fibrillary chorea a precise etiology cannot be determined, the affection can be induced by mercury as by gold administration. The fact that cases of fibrillary chorea due to mercury poisoning are rarely reported may be the result of individual patient hypersensitivity or particular metabolic absorption and excretion features of mercury. This case cannot be included within the continuous activity syndrome of muscle fibers described by Isaacs, since muscle contractures were absent and there was associated acrodynia. Moreover, there was no latent polyneuropathy, in spite of the intense fasciculations. It must be concluded, therefore, that in spite of its rarity fibrillary chorea should keep its semiologic autonomy. PMID- 6522914 TI - [The Marcus Gunn phenomenon]. AB - Ten cases of the Marcus Gunn phenomenon are reported. This synkinesis presents as an involuntary raising of the upper eyelid, often exhibiting ptosis at rest, when the lower jaw drops or deducts towards the opposite side. Hypotheses proposed to explain its mechanisms are reviewed, and the differential diagnosis is discussed in relation to the Marin Amat syndrome, the significance of which is considered. In addition, a case of rarely reported faciopalpebral synkinesis is also reported, the patient presenting involuntary raising of an upper eyelid during spontaneous or voluntary smiles. PMID- 6522915 TI - [Thoracic pain and arteriovenous fistula of the spinal cord]. AB - A 58 year old man was admitted with a pseudo-coronary pain. Cardiological investigations (ECG, chest X-ray, enzymes) were normal. Pain however was exacerbated by movement, coughing and pressure over T4 to T10 vertebrae. On the 4th day, the patient developed a weakness of the right lower limb which worsened 15 days later. On examination there were in the right lower limb a combination of central (Babinski sign) and peripheral signs (diminished deep reflexes, loss of sensation to all modalities ipsilateral to the paralysis). Metrizamide myelography was within normal limits. Spinal angiography revealed a dural arteriovenous fistula draining into spinal veins, at the level of T5. Following the removal of the fistula, the pain disappeared and the other symptoms and signs improved. PMID- 6522916 TI - [Conference at the Salpetriere. Progressive cerebellar astasia, tendinous areflexia, abnormal movements and inflammatory cerebrospinal fluid in a 77-year old woman]. PMID- 6522917 TI - Combined therapy with amphotericin B and 5-fluorocytosine for Candida meningitis. AB - The course and outcome of combined treatment with amphotericin B and 5 fluorocytosine were analyzed in 17 patients with candida meningitis. Eleven patients were twelve months of age or younger; seven of these were neonates. All but two patients had underlying conditions or therapy that could predispose them to systemic candidiasis. The median duration of concurrent dual therapy was 26 days; in ten cases, therapy with either drug alone was continued longer. Fifteen patients improved; 14 were cured of their infection. Cultures of cerebrospinal fluid became sterile a median of seven days after the start of therapy. Primary resistance to 5-fluorocytosine was found in four of the Candida isolates, and acquired resistance, in one. Serious adverse drug reactions were uncommon. The two patients who died had received intrathecal rather than systemic amphotericin B. One of eight infants who survived had psychomotor retardation; three of eleven infants developed hydrocephalus. Although experience with candida meningitis is limited, the combination of amphotericin B and 5-fluorocytosine is effective and offers potential advantages over amphotericin B alone. PMID- 6522918 TI - What do serum antibodies to Yersinia enterocolitica indicate? PMID- 6522919 TI - Clinical and economic impact of cefonicid. A symposium, San Francisco, California, November 18-19, 1982. PMID- 6522920 TI - In vitro experience with cefonicid. AB - Cefonicid was found to be highly active in vitro against greater than 5,000 bacterial isolates. Its spectrum of activity was similar to that observed with cefamandole, including both gram-positive and gram-negative pathogens. No significant activity was observed against methicillin-resistant staphylococci, enterococci, Pseudomonas, Serratia, Acinetobacter, and Bacteroides species. Studies in which susceptibility disks containing 30 micrograms of cefonicid, cefamandole, or cephalothin were used and zone sizes were plotted against MIC values resulted in similar regression lines. Interpretive breakpoints were less than or equal to 14 mm for defining resistance and greater than or equal to 18 mm for defining susceptibility. The results for isolates tested with cefonicid susceptibility disks were highly predictive of clinical efficacy. On the basis of the observed pharmacokinetics of cefonicid at the usual single daily dose of 1 g, a bacterial strain is considered susceptible if the MIC values are not greater than 16 micrograms/ml. Organisms with MICs greater than 32 micrograms/ml are considered resistant. The profile of the stability of cefonicid to hydrolysis by beta-lactamases is similar to that observed with cefamandole. The affinity of cefonicid to the penicillin-binding proteins of Escherichia coli also resembled that of cefamandole, with its greatest affinity for penicillin-binding proteins 1a, 3, and 1b, in that order. PMID- 6522921 TI - An overview of pharmacokinetics. AB - Knowledge of important pharmacokinetic parameters of a drug, such as its half life in plasma and its distribution and body clearance, is helpful in understanding the time course of the plasma concentration of a drug as a function of dosage. Appropriate doses of drugs with a slow rate of elimination, such as cefonicid, may be administered less frequently than other drugs. Where substantial elimination occurs by renal excretion of unchanged drug, e.g., for all of the cephalosporins except cefoperazone and cefotaxime, modification of dosage is necessary when renal insufficiency is present. Such dosage modification can be estimated by noting proportional changes from normal in the glomerular filtration rate (estimated or measured creatinine clearance). Dosage modifications include changes in the amount of drug given, the interval between doses, or both. PMID- 6522922 TI - Pharmacokinetic disposition of cefonicid in patients with renal failure and receiving hemodialysis. AB - Cefonicid is a new cephalosporin with a spectrum of activity similar to that of cefamandole. The pharmacokinetic disposition of the drug was examined in patients with various degrees of renal dysfunction and who were receiving hemodialysis. After patients were given a 7.5 mg/kg dose as an iv infusion, multiple blood and urine samples were obtained at frequent intervals, and the samples were analyzed for cefonicid concentration. Five patients receiving hemodialysis received an additional dose before a dialysis period to assess removal of the drug. The half life of cefonicid increased markedly with declining renal function (approximately 70 hr in anuric patients). Total clearance and renal clearance decreased linearly with decreases in creatinine clearance. Steady-state volume of distribution remained approximately the same (0.11 liter/kg) in all patients. Cefonicid dosage can be reduced in proportion to decreases in creatinine clearance from normal levels. A simple nomogram is provided. PMID- 6522923 TI - Penetration of cefonicid into human breast milk and various body fluids and tissues. AB - A new cephalosporin, cefonicid (1 g), was given intramuscularly to 49 patients 1 hr before they were to undergo surgery and to 10 healthy lactating women. The concentration of cefonicid was assayed by disk agar diffusion with the use of Bacillus subtilis as the test organism. Concentrations of cefonicid in tissue and fluid specimens were obtained. The data demonstrate that within 1 hr of intramuscular injection of cefonicid, effective concentrations of cefonicid in serum and tissue for common microbial pathogens were achieved. This finding suggests that cefonicid would be useful for perioperative prophylaxis in surgical patients. Although the concentration of cefonicid in breast milk was low at 1 hr after injection, more information is needed regarding the subsequent secretion of cefonicid before a conclusive statement can be made concerning the danger of sensitization in infants of nursing mothers. PMID- 6522924 TI - Tissue penetration and half-life of cefonicid. AB - The pharmacokinetics of cefonicid in the serum and tissues of patients undergoing open heart surgery, vaginal hysterectomy, and hip replacement was studied and compared with that of cefazolin and cefoxitin. Cefonicid achieved serum and tissue concentrations that were higher and more prolonged than those of cefazolin and cefoxitin. For cefonicid parallelism was observed between the serum and tissue concentration-time curves. Correlations of these properties to clinical efficacy were not attempted. PMID- 6522925 TI - Effect of hydrogen ion and protein concentrations on the activity of beta-lactam antibiotics. AB - The susceptibility of 50 isolates of Staphylococcus aureus to seven beta-lactam antibiotics was measured under four conditions, involving two pH values and the presence or absence of serum protein. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to determine the effect of pH, protein, and antibiotic on the minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs). Each of these factors as well as their interactions had significant effects on the MIC. The effects of pH and protein did not bear a predictable relationship to the extent of binding of antibiotic to serum proteins. All MICs were higher in the presence of protein at both pH values. For some antibiotics, the protein effect at pH 6.0 was larger than that at pH 7.4; for others the protein effect was smaller at pH 6.0. These data indicate that pH and protein effects must be determined individually for beta lactam antibiotics. PMID- 6522926 TI - An overview: evaluation of cefonicid in infections of the urinary tract, lower respiratory tract, and skin and soft tissue. AB - Infections of the urinary and lower respiratory tracts and of skin and soft tissue constitute a large proportion of infections requiring antimicrobial therapy. For many antimicrobial agents, one dose will cure lower urinary tract infection. In contrast, relapse of upper tract infection is common even after two weeks of treatment. In comparing the efficacy of antimicrobial agents in urinary infection, it is critical that patients assigned to different agents be equivalent. The questions about cefonicid in urinary infection that must be addressed concern (1) adverse effects and tolerability, (2) cost, and (3) rationale for the use of a parenteral preparation in uncomplicated urinary infection. In lower respiratory tract infections, therapeutic efficacy is difficult to evaluate primarily because of the difficulty in determining the causative role of the organisms isolated from sputum. The inclusion of information from gram-stained preparations reduces the diagnostic error. As far as cefonicid in treatment of pneumonia is concerned, the high serum protein binding reported and the relatively high minimal inhibitory concentrations for gram-positive cocci must be addressed. In skin and soft-tissue infections, therapeutic efficacy is difficult to evaluate because of the lack of isolates and the self-limited nature of many cutaneous infections. PMID- 6522927 TI - Failure of a once-daily regimen of cefonicid for treatment of endocarditis due to Staphylococcus aureus. AB - Cefonicid, a new long-acting cephalosporin, was evaluated for treatment of endocarditis due to Staphylococcus aureus. Four patients, all with infection of the tricuspid valve, were treated with a single daily injection. By the fifth day of therapy, three of the four patients continued to have spiking fevers and positive blood cultures, and treatment with cefonicid was discontinued. Even though peak concentrations of antibiotic in serum were greater than 20-40 times the minimum inhibitory concentration of the antibiotic for the infecting organism, serum bactericidal titers were less than 1:8 in three patients. Susceptibility testing of 52 clinical isolates in broth confirmed a marked difference between inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations for 40% of these strains. In addition, susceptibility testing performed in serum rather than broth resulted in a sixfold increase in the minimum inhibitory concentration, a result suggesting that protein binding may be in part responsible for these failures of treatment. Cefonicid administered as a single daily dose is inadequate for treatment of endocarditis due to S. aureus and should not be used for treatment of bacteremia or life-threatening infections known or suspected to be caused by this organism. PMID- 6522928 TI - Cost containment of reconstituted parenteral antibiotics: personnel and supply costs associated with preparation, dispensing, and administration. AB - Time-and-motion studies were conducted to determine the time and cost associated with the dispensing, preparation, and administration of reconstituted parenteral antibiotics via the piggyback iv admixture (PBS) or volume control iv set administration (VCS) methods in six hospitals of various sizes. Supply costs were calculated for each system. National projections of potential cost savings resulting from decreased number of administrations of reconstituted parenteral antibiotics were made. The antibiotic class of parenteral cephalosporins was chosen as an example of where cost containment might be achieved. The estimated potential for total cost containment for the average hospital per hospital bed resulting from decreased number of administrations of first- and second generation cephalosporins ranged from $76.64 (25% reduction in doses administered) to $229.92 (75% reduction) for the PBS method and, similarly, $47.02 to $141.08 for the VCS method. The projected potential national cost savings resulting from decreased number of administrations of first- and second generation cephalosporins based on predicted antibiotic usage for 1983 ranged from $62.2 million (25% reduction in doses administered and adjusting for no conversion to intramuscular or intravenous push administrations) to $276.7 million (75% reduction). Clinicians and health-care managers should consider the cost-containment advantages provided by the substitution of newer antibiotics that permit reduced frequency of administration. PMID- 6522929 TI - [Results and prognostic factors in surgically treated thymoma. Apropos of a series of 194 cases]. AB - The authors analyse a series of 194 thymomas (epithelial tumours of the thymus gland) which were operated over a period of about 25 years. The long term prognosis (70% 5 year survival and 60% 10 year survival) is examined in terms of the anatomo-surgical stage of the thymoma, the histological type of the tumour and the presence of associated auto-immune diseases. The authors recommend a more rigorous classification which takes into account both the anatomo-surgical and the histopathological findings so that the indications for post-operative mediastinal irradiation can be extended in a attempt to reduce the rate of distant recurrence of these tumours. PMID- 6522930 TI - [Training respiratory muscles in subjects with chronic obstructive bronchopneumopathy]. AB - Ten subjects with chronic bronchitis with relatively severe bronchial obstruction and, in most cases, severe distension underwent strengthening of their respiratory muscles at home by an additional respiratory resistance load for 10 minutes 3 times a day for one month. All of these subjects obtained an increased endurance of the respiratory muscles without any concomitant increase in the inspiratory muscular force. For the group as a whole, the diameter of the orifice of maximal tolerated inspiratory resistance decreased from 3.15 to 2.40 mm (p less than 0.001) and the time of endurance increased from 7 to 15 minutes 34 seconds (p less than 0.001) while the maximal inspiratory muscular pressure remained virtually unchanged. This benefit was not associated with an increase in the VO2 max SL measured during maximal effort nor with any modification of the VO2, the VE or the heart rate during sub-maximal effort; the objective benefit therefore appears to be very limited. PMID- 6522931 TI - [Reversible pulmonary hypoperfusion following proximal bronchial obstruction caused by a benign process]. AB - Obstruction of a major bronchus by a benign lesion can be accompanied by a functional reduction of the perfusion of the distal lung. This disorder is reversible after removal of the obstruction. We present 5 cases of obstruction of a main bronchus with functional exclusion of the affected lung on scintigraphy. The obstructing lesion was carcinoid tumour in 4 cases and a plasmocytic granuloma in another case. The perfusion was found to be restored following the operation (one bronchotomy, three isolated resection-anastomoses and one resection-anastomosis with lobectomy). These disorders are due to reflex phenomena and anatomical modifications related to the trapping effect. These phenomena are revealed by plain chest x-rays and by perfusion and ventilation pulmonary scintigraphy. PMID- 6522932 TI - [Thoracoscopy with pleural brushing. A new diagnostic method for pleural diseases]. AB - Pleural brushing can be performed under thoracoscopic examination. The combined use of all three methods of diagnosis (macroscopy, biopsy, cytology) achieved optimal diagnostic results. From September 1980 to October 1981 we have performed 150 thoracoscopies for pleural effusions, while the results of conventional pleural cytology and biopsy were negative. In 108 cases pleural brushing and biopsy were both performed. The diagnosis was in 37 cases non malignant disease states associated with effusions and in 71 cases tumoural effusions. Among the 37 cases of non malignant diseases states associated with effusions were 6 mechanical effusions, 27 inflammatory processes, 4 infectious processes. Among the 71 cases of tumoural effusions were 3 benign pleural lipomas, 50 metastatic carcinomas, 18 carcinomatous mesotheliomas. We studied the diagnostic accuracy of pleural brushing: in non malignant diseases pleural brushing show the non tumoural features of the process, in metastatic tumours biopsy was positive in 80% of the cases; pleural brushing in 78% of cases; taken together they allowed the diagnosis in 86% of the cases, in carcinomatous mesotheliomas biopsy was positive in 82.3%, pleural brushing in 78%; taken together they allowed the diagnosis in 89% of the cases. Pleural brushing allows a rapid cytological diagnosis, enhances the histological results and may be used to get cellular material in areas dangerous to biopsy. PMID- 6522933 TI - [Plasma concentrations of lidocaine in bronchial fibroscopy]. AB - Certain accidents related to local anaesthesia during bronchial fibroscopy may be due to overdosage of local anesthetic drugs. In view of the various techniques employed, the various doses used and the different serum levels obtained, we decided to study the passage of lidocaine into the systemic circulation during bronchial fibroscopy in order to confirm that the doses required for good anaesthesia are not toxic. We studied the kinetics of lidocaine on 10 occasions in 9 patients. All patients had normal renal, hepatic and cardiac function. The anaesthetic was administered in standardized doses (by pharyngo-laryngeal spray of a 5% solution followed by injection via a laryngeal syringe and finally by the operating lumen of the fibroscope with a 1% solution). The total dose of anaesthetic was administered at the beginning of the examination in order to avoid contamination of the aspirated secretions after connection of the traps. The mean dose administered was 9.2 +/- 0.5 mg/kg (range of 380 to 800 mg). The maximal serum levels never attained toxic levels (9 mcg/ml). The highest levels (7 mcg/ml and 5.7 mcg/ml) were observed in a patient with a bronchial epithelioma, normal biochemistry and normal liver ultrasonography, who died two months later with hepatic metastases. The mean maximal serum levels for this group of patients was 2.8 +/- 0.6 mcg/ml between the 5th and 45th minute, which is equivalent to anti-arrhythmic doses (therapeutic level of 1.2 to 5 mcg/ml). The levels obtained are not negligible, but they achieve very good quality anaesthesia with a good margin of safety, apart from the one case with hepatic metastases. PMID- 6522934 TI - [Obstruction with a biological adhesive of a bronchopleural fistula following pneumonectomy]. PMID- 6522935 TI - Structural characterization of the human albumin variant "Pollibauer". PMID- 6522936 TI - Three examples of anti-Fy3 produced in Negroes. AB - We present three examples of anti-Fy3 produced by Negroes. Results of serologic studies were similar to those of previously reported examples of Negro produced anti-Fy3, including negative to weak reactivity with cord red blood cells, separable anti-Fya, and the presence of multiple unexpected alloantibodies. These findings reinforce the difference between anti-Fy3 produced by Negroes and that produced by non-Negroes. The rare formation of Duffy antibodies by Negroes may signify the presence of an amorphic gene at the Duffy locus. PMID- 6522939 TI - Development in electrophoretic and immunoelectrophoretic methodology. Applications to serum proteins analysis. PMID- 6522938 TI - Lectins from Loasaceae. AB - Extracts of Caiophora coronata or Loasa vulcanica seeds contain a strong lectin for T, Tn, Cad 1, and papain-treated erythrocytes. PMID- 6522937 TI - A third example of haemolytic auto-anti-Vel. AB - A non-transfused, 43 year old Caucasian female presented with acute haemolytic anaemia and splenomegaly. Sections of bone marrow showed erythroid hyperplasia. The patient's red blood cells gave a negative reaction with polyspecific antiglobulin serum, but a positive reaction with specific anti-IgM. A heat eluate prepared from her red cells showed anti-Vel specificity. Her serum agglutinated only Vel-positive cells including her own. All papain pre-treated red cells including her own and Vel-negative cells were completely haemolysed at 37 degrees C. The percentage of haemolysis of Vel-positive cells was greater than that of Vel-negative cells. PMID- 6522941 TI - Molecular weight determination by polyacrylamide gradient gel electrophoresis. PMID- 6522940 TI - Isoelectric focusing in immobilized pH gradients: analytical and preparative aspects and applications to the analysis of some blood proteins. PMID- 6522942 TI - Idiotypic interrelationship among human myeloma proteins with distinct antibody binding specificities. AB - There have been several reports of human myeloma proteins exhibiting autoantibody activity. Such immunoglobulins represent therefore an appropriate system for investigating idiotypic diversity of human autoantibodies. Using this approach, we confirmed the marked idiotypic restriction of polyclonal anti-DNA autoantibodies and we showed that immunoglobulins without known binding affinity may express autoantibody-related idiotopes. These results are discussed in lights of recent concepts upon autoimmune processes and idiotypic interactions. PMID- 6522943 TI - Idiotypic interactions in type II mixed cryoglobulins. AB - An analysis of interactions between immunoglobulin molecules within cryoglobulins has been carried out in 18 patients with type II mixed cryoglobulinemia. In this series, there was a prevalence of VH I and VK I variable regions subgroups in the monoclonal IgM component. Our analysis of the IgG component indicated a particular selection of IgG molecules during cryoprecipitation. There was a prevalence of IgG3 and of the VH I subgroup and the isoelectrofocusing pattern revealed a very restricted spectrotype in two thirds of these IgG. These results which suggested a restricted reactivity between cryo-IgM and IgG fractions were confirmed by the analysis of the interaction between each IgG and each IgM from the cryoprecipitates. All IgM reacted with intact IgG or Fc fragments but another reaction was observed between cryo-IgM and Fab fragments from a limited number of cryo-IgG, with a pattern suggestive of idiotypic specificity. Results of the absorption of each cryo-IgM on Fc or on Fab fragments from the corresponding cryo IgG also suggested the existence of a reaction between IgM and IgG Fab in addition to that involving IgM Fab and IgG Fc. The coexistence of the 2 reactions should confer a higher stability to the IgM-IgG complex. Therefore, it is possible that the proliferation of one clone of IgM-RF producing B cells would be followed in certain cases by a relatively restricted anti-idiotypic IgG response. The IgM-RF would preferentially react with these anti-idiotypic IgG. PMID- 6522944 TI - Autoantibody activities of human monoclonal immunoglobulins. PMID- 6522945 TI - [Variation of the concentration of immunoglobulins and serum proteins as a function of: the environment, age and sex]. PMID- 6522946 TI - [Acinetobacter calcoaceticus, a potential pathogen with an increasing role in pathology]. PMID- 6522947 TI - [Evaluation of the efficiency of a nutrient medium for in vitro cell cultivation prepared with chemical reagents produced in Romania]. PMID- 6522948 TI - [Arguments for a more economic algorithm for the cytobacteriological examination of urine under improved quality control]. PMID- 6522949 TI - [Variant of a micromethod for the cold titration of hemagglutinins]. PMID- 6522951 TI - [Combination of rifampicin with amphotericin B in the treatment of paracoccidioidomycosis. Results in 3 treated patients]. PMID- 6522950 TI - [New method for the determination of antivenom sera in suckling mice. I- Determination of Anti-crotalid sera]. PMID- 6522952 TI - Clinical and serologic features of 47 patients with paracoccidioidomycosis treated by amphotericin B. PMID- 6522953 TI - [Massive strongyloidiasis. Apropos of 4 cases]. PMID- 6522954 TI - The effect of Schistosoma mansoni infection on child morbidity in the state of Bahia, Brazil. I--Analysis at the ecological level. PMID- 6522956 TI - Pancreatic proteins in normal state and pancreatic diseases in pancreatic juice and blood. PMID- 6522957 TI - Pathophysiological aspects of pancreatic diseases in childhood. The case of cystic fibrosis. PMID- 6522955 TI - Differential diagnosis of pancreatic cancer and chronic pancreatitis by a monoclonal antibody detecting a new cancer-associated antigen (CA 19-9). PMID- 6522958 TI - Acquired bisalbuminemia in pancreatitis. Demonstration of a proteolytic process in ten patients. PMID- 6522959 TI - Serum tissue polypeptide antigen in chronic pancreatic disease. Does hepatic damage have any influence? PMID- 6522960 TI - A simple electrophoretic procedure for isoamylase separation. PMID- 6522961 TI - Abnormal reactivity with thrombin of a new variant of dysfunctional antithrombin (AT 'Vicenza'). PMID- 6522962 TI - Changes of plasma protease inhibitors in late pregnancy, during delivery and puerperium in normal women and in preeclampsia. PMID- 6522963 TI - Significance of antithrombin III measurement in patients admitted to an intensive care unit. PMID- 6522964 TI - Limits for use of heparin in ionized calcium determination. PMID- 6522965 TI - Factors affecting serum myoglobin levels in normal population. PMID- 6522966 TI - Different behavior and significance of serum myoglobin concentrations in hypothyroidism and acromegaly. Effects of therapy. PMID- 6522967 TI - Frequency of monoclonal gammapathy in apparently healthy blood donors. PMID- 6522968 TI - Evaluation of neutropenia with a maturation stage-specific chemorecruitin. PMID- 6522969 TI - Enzyme-linked immunoassay on microtitre plates for human apolipoprotein B. PMID- 6522970 TI - Lack of correlation between the laboratory findings and a series of steps in the clinical severity of chronic liver disease. AB - A series of clinical steps in the severity of chronic liver disease (CLD) has been arranged to represent the case history of chronic active hepatitis and cirrhosis retrospectively. The 'steps' in such series of clinical stages have been chosen on the basis of physiopathological considerations, the state of health of the patients, and their ability to work. For every 'step' the laboratory findings were studied in order to verify the hypothesis that a laboratory case history exists, which is parallel to the clinical history of CLD. With the exception of serum albumin and, to a lesser extent, sulfobromophthalein ki, which seem to reflect the progressive deterioration in hepatocellular function, the results suggest that most conventional tests do not seem to be of any value in monitoring a CLD patient in cases where the diagnosis is already known, whereas a physical examination provides a physician with more, and cheaper, information than laboratory tests. PMID- 6522971 TI - Effects of age on the urinary excretion of total and non-dialyzable hydroxyproline. AB - This study was carried out in order to investigate the effects of age on the urinary excretion of total and non-dialyzable hydroxyproline (OHPr) in normal subjects. We found that total urinary OHPr was negatively correlated with age but, by means of partial regression analysis, no correlation was found after correction for changes in creatinine clearance; on the contrary, non-dialyzable OHPr showed a statistically significant negative correlation with age (r = -0.56) even when creatinine clearance was held constant (p less than 0.05). A highly significant direct correlation was found between total and non-dialyzable OHPr in the whole group (r = 0.54) and when only premenopausal women and men under 60 years of age were considered (r = 0.51). No correlation was found when postmenopausal women and men more than 60-year-old were taken into account. Our data appear to indicate that also the decrease in osteogenetic activity is responsible for the physiological late involutional bone loss; they also show the importance of hormonal changes in inducing an uncoupling between bone formation and resorption. PMID- 6522972 TI - Alterations in hair shaft morphology in the cretin rat. AB - Hair samples were obtained from rats rendered hypothyroid in utero, when these animals reached 35 days of post-gestational age. The hairs were examined by scanning electron microscopy at a point on the shaft 340 mu from the bulb. All hairs, in the anagen phase, when compared, indicated that cretin rats had thinner hair shafts, more closely spaced cuticle cells, and more cuticle cells per unit of hair shaft. The surfaces of hairs from cretin rats were coronal, acuminated, and had dentate margins. It is therefore apparent that congenital hypothyroidism in rats affects the density, thickness, and surface characteristics of the hair. PMID- 6522973 TI - Fibrinogen Logrono. A new case of congenital dysfibrinogenemia. AB - An abnormal fibrinogen was discovered in a 9-year-old male subject without history of hemorrhagic diathesis. Coagulation time, prothrombin time and Reptilase time were prolonged. The thrombin time was corrected using increasing concentrations of normal plasma and bovine thrombin; there was a partial correction at pH 6.5 and ionic strength 0.05. A study of the family showed that the mother and a brother of the propositus presented the same abnormalities. Analysis of the purified fibrinogen showed normal fibrinopeptide release and normal levels of sialic acid and hexosamines. However, coagulation index, polymerization of fibrin monomers, isoelectric point and sedimentation coefficient were abnormal. In view of the abnormalities described and by comparison with the data reported in the literature, we believe that this should be considered a new variant of the fibrinogen molecule and we have designated it 'fibrinogen Logrono'. PMID- 6522974 TI - Ciliary ultrastructure and nasal mucociliary clearance in chronic and allergic rhinitis. AB - The authors have studied nasal specimens collected by means of nasal brushing in eight patients affected by allergic rhinitis and in eight affected by chronic rhinitis, while in other four patients affected by allergic rhinitis a lower turbinate biopsy was performed. All twenty patients showed an increased mucociliary clearance time and a reduced velocity regardless to the pathology during a previously performed saccharin test. Different ultrastructural alterations have been observed, such as: both central and peripheral microtubules alterations; absence of dynein arms; absence of radial spokes; ciliary membrane alterations; "compound" cilia; disorientation of central tubules. These alterations have been observed variously associated in both allergic and chronic rhinitis patients groups. Basing on their data, the authors state that ciliary abnormalities cannot be considered specific of a particular pathology but they can coexist in different situations. They also think that the mucociliary clearance parameters determination represents the only method to evaluate, even if in an indirect fashion, the percentage of ciliary abnormalities, as no direct quantitative method has been described. Ciliary ultrastructural alterations can be of diagnostic value only if associated with mucociliary clearance time and velocity determination. PMID- 6522976 TI - Specific local immunotherapy in the treatment of hay fever. AB - The authors refer results of a 3-year study carried out on ten patients suffering from hay fever, diagnosed by means of skin tests, specific nasal provocation and serum RAST who underwent specific local immunotherapy consisting of application of an aqueous allergenic extract, the initial level of which was based on threshold values resulting from the nasal provocation test. The two-monthly check ups were based on the evaluation of mucociliary clearance, anterior rhinorheomanometry, specific nasal provocation and the test of Maunsell for blocking antibodies, as well as on the drawing up of a daily symptomatological diary for each single patient. The results were extremely interesting: subsidence of symptoms during the pollinating season, an increase in the number of blocking serum antibodies and of threshold values relative to specific nasal provocation. Conductance and mucociliary clearance, which were both decidedly pathological before beginning the local immunotherapy, slowly returned to the norm. The authors, furthermore, refer that the use of disodium cromoglycate during the first months of specific local immunotherapy which allows them to reach doses 5-7 times greater than those obtainable with the above mentioned form of treatment, offers uncertain advantages as far as local and above all general immunity is concerned and this alone does not justify the use of nasal applications in the treatment of bronchial asthma of allergic origin. PMID- 6522977 TI - The nose as an indicating organ of vegetative controlling mechanisms. AB - Long-term examinations on test persons of an average age of 28 years were carried out by means of thermistors for measuring the mucous membrane temperature and by means of photo transistors for measuring the state of cavernous tissues. The tactile stimulus during the insertion of the probe regularly leads to a temperature increase and a swelling of the nasal mucous membrane. Pronounced changes in the temperature do not take a linear course but are interrupted by intercurrent temperature inversions. The changes in the state of cavernous tissues take a course synchronous to this. After the first tactile stimulus there adjusts a preliminary temperature equilibrium in the mucous membrane temperature and in the cavernous state. Then there follow temperature oscillations taking a completely different course, of changing amplitudes and frequencies. These temperature oscillations may take courses in the same or in opposite directions in the two nose halves. The causes proposed for discussion, on the one hand for the intercurrent temperature inversions in case of considerable temperature changes, and on the other hand for the differing temperature oscillations after the attainment of the preliminary temperature equilibrium, are central regulating mechanisms, while at the same time analogous animal experiments are taken into consideration. PMID- 6522975 TI - Clinical findings in patients with allergic rhinitis. AB - Clinical observations, X-ray findings and results of laboratory tests were evaluated in 770 patients with allergic rhinitis. Anamnestic data and results of the allergological examination of these patients have been presented elsewhere (Holopainen et al., 1979b; Binder et al., 1982). Allergic symptoms were seasonal in 54.5% and perennial in 45.5% of the patients. Mucosal changes as seen on rhinoscopy were significantly more common among patients with perennial than among patients with seasonal rhinitis. Watery discharge was the most common nasal finding, observed in 90% of all patients. Nasal smears showed increased numbers of eosinophilic leucocytes in 70% of the cases. Relationships between the cellular population of the nasal secretion, other laboratory test results and clinical findings are described. X-ray examination revealed pathological changes in the paranasal sinuses in 53.4% of the patients. PMID- 6522978 TI - [Importance of the concentrations of glucose and sodium in blood cardioplegia and its advantage to oxygenated crystalloid cardioplegia]. PMID- 6522979 TI - [Effects of L-malate on the ischemic myocardium--evaluation of its concentration]. PMID- 6522981 TI - [Effects of diltiazem on myocardial contractility and energetics]. PMID- 6522980 TI - [Effects of magnesium and nicardipine in the cardioplegic solution on the coronary arteries and myocardium]. PMID- 6522982 TI - [Ca antagonists and cardioplegia]. PMID- 6522983 TI - [Chromolymphography as a guide to the dissection of mediastinal lymph nodes]. PMID- 6522984 TI - [Multiple organ failure in postinfarction ventricular septal perforation--with special reference to kidney failure]. PMID- 6522985 TI - [A case of chronic subdural hematoma developing during long-term anticoagulant drug therapy after mitral valve replacement]. PMID- 6522986 TI - [A case of right atrial thrombus associated with constrictive pericarditis]. PMID- 6522987 TI - [Pulmonary artery aneurysm associated with pulmonary stenosis]. PMID- 6522988 TI - [A case of double-outlet right ventricle with long-term survival]. PMID- 6522989 TI - [Congenital subclavian-pulmonary steal syndrome]. PMID- 6522990 TI - [Valve prosthesis-patient mismatch]. PMID- 6522991 TI - [Surgical difficulties with bronchoplasty combined with resection of the esophagus for the treatment of esophageal carcinoma]. PMID- 6522992 TI - [Tracheal tube stent without tracheotomy in tracheal stenosis]. PMID- 6522993 TI - Persistence of some polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans of pentachlorophenol in human adipose tissue. PMID- 6522994 TI - [Activity of new hormonomimetic compounds of the juvenile hormone type in relation to selected insects]. PMID- 6522995 TI - [Nitrates and nitrites in food rations of preschool children]. PMID- 6522996 TI - [Analysis of food contamination with chlorinated hydrocarbon residues in a student cafeteria]. PMID- 6522997 TI - [Cadmium, lead and mercury content of food in student cafeterias]. PMID- 6522998 TI - [Chromium content of daily food rations in school cafeterias]. PMID- 6522999 TI - [Biochemical analysis of lead level in the hair of a mixed population. II. Comparison of the lead level in the hair of healthy children and in those with various diseases]. PMID- 6523000 TI - [Effect of the quality of drinking water on health status of the adult population in the irrigated fields region in the city of Wroclaw. III. Discussion and summary of results]. PMID- 6523001 TI - [Detection and analysis of patulin in domestic fruit wines]. PMID- 6523002 TI - [Effect of diets with added extracts of crushed bones from slaughterhouse animals on the bodies of laboratory animals. Preliminary studies]. PMID- 6523003 TI - [School absenteeism of pupils in town elementary schools and community collective schools]. PMID- 6523004 TI - [Use of an improved simultaneous film cassette in linear tomography]. AB - An improved simultaneous tomography cassette according to P. Landau was tried out for four months using four tomographs in routine work. The mode of operation is based on accurate control of the relative speeds of the individual x-ray films resulting in simultaneous imaging of 6 equidistant tomographic levels. Clinical testing was effected in 80 cases: nephrotomography, of the lungs, the hilum, and the skeleton. In particular, the article describes imaging of the renal arteries by simultaneous tomography for the purpose of finding out the cause of hypertension, and if there is suspicion of a space-occupying growth in the kidney, basing on the urogram. The specific advantages of this technique are, on the one hand, improved diagnostic efficiency (the tomograms are taken during the same respiratory phase, more rapid diagnosis especially with accident patients), and, on the other hand, an important reduction in the x-ray exposure of the patient; furthermore, the life of the x-ray tube is prolonged, and there is a definite saving of time for both patient and personnel, the image quality being comparable with that of single-layer tomography. PMID- 6523006 TI - [Differential diagnosis of breast edema in the roentgen image]. AB - Multiple benign and malign intra- and extramammary diseases may induce a symptomatic oedema of the breast. 10 similar roentgenograms, which show an oedematous imbibition of the mammary corpus, were selected from a total of 3452 radiographs of the breast. Patients with representative findings, due to different disorders, are presented as case reports: diffuse infiltrating carcinoma of the breast, lymphogranulomatosis, diffuse metastasizing contralateral carcinoma of the breast, thrombosis of v. subclavia/axillaris, and decompensated cardiac failure. The various aetiologies are discussed for differential diagnosis. PMID- 6523005 TI - [Supine thoracic images with a mobile roentgen unit: comparison between the soft ray and hard-ray technics]. AB - To compare the influence of kilovoltage on the quality of supine chest roentgenograms obtained with a mobile x-ray unit, we examined the films of 50 patients on whom supine chest radiographs had been taken incidentally within a period of 24 hours both with high and with low-kVp technique. For evaluation of the image quality, a total of 11 criteria were compared and quantitated by 5 observers using a simple score method. The same advantages that have been attributed to the high-kVp technique on upright films were found on the corresponding supine examinations. These films showed a more balanced penetration and greater sharpness than those taken with low-kVp. The wider latitude of the high-kVp technique simplifies the exposure, and fewer repeat takes will therefore be necessary. The diagnostic gain outweights the few disadvantages, which are mostly coupled to the increase in scattered radiation. This, as well as the availability of more powerful and efficient mobile generators, should promote routine application of high-kVp technique for supine chest examinations. PMID- 6523007 TI - [Differential diagnosis of the axillary lymph node]. AB - The authors report on clinically abnormal palpatory findings in the axilla. The radiology and sonography of these findings is described, as well as differential diagnosis between normal findings and benign as well as malignant changes. If it is not possible to confirm a benign aspect even by means of examination via relevant equipment, histological clarification must be sought whenever there is a new palpatory finding or if changes are noted. PMID- 6523009 TI - [Possibilities and limits of digital imaging]. AB - The progress achieved in microelectronic components can be used very advantageously for X-ray transmission images by digitising the output signals of an image intensifier TV chain and storing the digital values in a semiconductor memory. Problems are caused by the very large data volume and data rates. The increased dynamic range, possibilities of image postprocessing without loss in quality, reduced radiation exposure and instant images displayed on a monitor justify the higher costs compared with film. For long term storage film will be used, especially in the form of multiformat film. PMID- 6523008 TI - [Ascending aortic thrombosis in catheter angiography]. AB - Acute aortic thrombosis is a rarely described complication of angiography with the technique of arterial catheterization. In the presented case record, a sudden therapy-resistant rise in blood pressure was accompanied by paraplegia of the lower limbs. The activation of the coagulation system caused by the heterogeneous material brought into the aorta, combined with severe arteriosclerosis, is discussed as a possible cause. PMID- 6523010 TI - [Cancer and pregnancy]. PMID- 6523011 TI - [The infectious risk caused by maternofetal contamination of bacterial origin]. PMID- 6523013 TI - [Antenatal diagnosis and fetal surgery]. PMID- 6523012 TI - [Premature extraction of fetuses weighing less than 1500 grams in renovascular syndromes]. PMID- 6523014 TI - [Carcinoembryonic antigen in bone metastases. Diagnostic and prognostic value]. PMID- 6523015 TI - [Morphological and histomorphometric study of bone and bone marrow metastases of prostatic adenocarcinoma]. PMID- 6523016 TI - [Role of chemotherapy in the treatment of bone metastases of breast cancer]. AB - This study was made on 98 patients with breast cancer, whose first discovered metastasis was to the bone, a mean of 2.8 years following the initial diagnosis. It is most often a lytic lesion, and the majority of patients have more than two areas on bone scintiscan. About half of the patients received palliative radiotherapy; 16 had to undergo surgery for or to prevent pathologic fractures. All patients underwent chemotherapy with vincristine or vinblastine, methotrexate or cyclophosphamide, 5-fluorouracil and, in 37 cases, the addition of adriamycin. Half of the patients also received tamoxifen. Present studies show a mean survival of 31 months with 24% survival at five years. Age, the interval to the discovery of the first metastasis, the use of additional chemotherapy following surgery for the breast lesion, the sedimentation rate, and the number of bony metastases do not play any prognostic role. However, the prognosis is significantly improved by adding tamoxifen, and even more so by adding adriamycin to the chemotherapeutic protocol since mean survival improves from 26 to 52 months. The reduced incidence of bony metastases with chemotherapy following surgery had led some authors to believe that prevention is the best method of treating bony metastases from breast cancer. PMID- 6523018 TI - [Role of diphosphonates in the therapy of osteolysis and malignant hypercalcemia]. PMID- 6523017 TI - [Myelomatous bone. Histomorphometric study and therapeutic effects]. AB - In order to evaluate quantitatively the bony changes in multiple myeloma, 118 transiliac bone biopsies in non decalcified bone were made in patients with multiple myeloma and studied histologically. Areas of osteoclastic resorption were increased when compared to normal controls and the number of osteoclasts/mm2 in spongy bone was significantly more elevated in zones massively invaded by plasmocytes than in non-invaded zones. The binding of tetracycline to osteoid was increased, indicating active bone formation. However, the reduced thickness of the osteoid and the rate of calcification measured by double labeling with tetracycline showed reduced osteoblastic activity at the cellular level. The volume of trabecular bone was not significantly reduced when compared to controls but plasmocyte infiltration was quite variable in distribution. In invaded zones, there was no noteworthy difference in the different parameters analyzed between patients receiving chemotherapy and those untreated. This shows that if chemotherapy can reduce the tumoral mass of plasmocytes, it does not change the increased osteoclastic activity of these areas. These histological findings justify the usage of antiosteoclastic agents such as the diphosphonates. PMID- 6523019 TI - Circadian time structure of endocrine and biochemical parameters in adult onset (type II) diabetic patients. AB - Forty-one endocrine and biochemical serum parameters were studied over a 24-hour span with 6 samples at 4-hour intervals in 20 non-insulin dependent (Type II) diabetics and in 20 non-diabetic subjects matched for sex, age, height and weight. Circadian rhythms were verified by cosinor analysis. Group-synchronized circadian rhythms were detected in diabetic and non-diabetic subjects with no statistically significant difference in any of the rhythm parameters (rhythm adjusted mean, amplitude and acrophase) in: Aldosterone, cortisol, insulin, 17-OH progesterone, prolactin, testosterone, TSH, and in serum albumin, creatine phosphokinase (CPK), serum iron, inorganic phosphate and total protein. Statistically significant (p less than .05) circadian rhythms in both groups with a difference in some parameters between the diabetic and the non-diabetic subjects, which were verified by the Bingham Test (p less than .05) were found with a difference in the mesor in cholesterol, glucose, urea nitrogen (BUN), in the amplitude in C-peptide and in the acrophase in triglycerides, globulin and reverse T3 (rT3). Statistically significant circadian rhythms were detected as a group phenomenon for the diabetics only in progesterone, free and total T4, chloride, calcium, bilirubin and LDH and in the non-diabetic subjects only in ACTH, LH, total T3, alkaline phosphatase, uric acid and potassium. In the remainder of the functions studied, a circadian rhythm was detectable with statistical significance by cosinor analysis as a group phenomenon neither in the diabetics nor in the matched non-diabetic controls (DHEA-S, estradiol, FSH, GH, glucagon, free T3, sodium, GOT and gamma GT). In the absence of a detectable circadian rhythm as group phenomenon, the circadian mean was different between the diabetics and the non-diabetic subjects in sodium, chloride and calcium which were higher in the diabetic patients and serum LDH which was lower. In a comparison of endocrine determinations in the two groups, the circadian mean or mesor in T3 was lower in the diabetics and ACTH higher, without corresponding changes in TSH or in corticosteroids. The circadian time structure of Type II diabetic patients thus seems to be very similar to that seen in non-diabetic subjects of the same sex, age, weight and height. The minor differences found in some rhythm parameters will have to be confirmed or excluded in larger numbers of subjects. The higher circadian mean ACTH concentrations without change in steroid rhythm parameters observed in this group is interesting but will also require confirmation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6523020 TI - Effect of melatonin-free pineal extract on cholesterol in basal and HCG treated rats. AB - The effect of a melatonin-free pineal extract on total, free and esterified testicular and serum cholesterol in the rat under basal conditions and after stimulation with exogenous HCG was followed up. Administration of a 2 ml daily dose from this extract to the rat under basal conditions along 3, 12 and 30 days reduced the esterified fraction of testicular cholesterol, more markedly in the 12-day experiment. The total free and esterified serum cholesterol also diminished significantly in the 3 and 12-day experiments. Under HCG stimulation the pineal extract inhibited the lowering effect of HCG on the esterified fraction in the testis and on the free and esterified fraction at serum level. Under both these experimental conditions, the pineal extract affected the esterified cholesterol at testicular level, a fraction used in androgen hormones production, and the free and esterified serum cholesterol. The auhors comment on the inhibiting role of the pineal extract exerted on testicular synthesis of cholesterol and testosterone under basal conditions as well as the regulating role of the pineal gland under conditions of exogenous HCG stimulation. PMID- 6523021 TI - [Survey performed in a rural zone of Spain on food consumption at the family level obtained by the inventory and purchase system]. PMID- 6523022 TI - [General Directorate of Public Health. Report of activities, 1983]. PMID- 6523023 TI - [New criteria for the sanitary management of beaches. Ecological indicators]. PMID- 6523024 TI - [Epidemiological waves in meningococcal infections]. PMID- 6523025 TI - [Descriptive epidemiologic study of the mortality of diseases of the respiratory tract. Spain 1900-1978. I. Chronic respiratory diseases]. PMID- 6523026 TI - [Seasonal incidence of diarrhea caused by Shigella]. PMID- 6523027 TI - [Prevalence of dental caries in school children in Granada]. PMID- 6523028 TI - [Study of the microbiology of margarine]. PMID- 6523029 TI - [Symptomatology of the tobacco abstinence syndrome]. PMID- 6523030 TI - [Mental health and home care in geriatrics]. PMID- 6523032 TI - [Sanitary-social conditions of the senior population of Cantabria]. PMID- 6523031 TI - [Anthropometric studies of 6-7 year-old students from Seville and its province]. PMID- 6523033 TI - [Changes in the facial profile after operations for anomalies of a prognathic character]. PMID- 6523034 TI - [Cephalometric analysis of the soft tissues of the face]. PMID- 6523035 TI - [Personal views on the heredity of the retention of canine teeth]. PMID- 6523036 TI - [Use of fixed spacers in children]. PMID- 6523037 TI - [Esthesioneuroblastoma]. PMID- 6523038 TI - [An interesting case of Ebstein's anomaly successfully operated on in a 17-year old boy]. PMID- 6523039 TI - Hearing aid prescription rules using insertion gain measurements. AB - Many of the decisions regarding hearing aid selection and use are based mainly upon clinical impressions. It was therefore decided to investigate whether the old fitting of 25 aided subjects with moderate hearing loss could be improved by using more precise prescription rules and a real ear measuring technique. The rules formulated should give a frequency response of moderate low and pronounced high frequency gain. The application of these rules resulted in improved high frequency gain and better speech discrimination for consonants in noise. As a result of the investigation, the routine procedure of hearing aid fitting has been revised. Earmold modifications of different types should be used more often and real ear canal measurements are recommended for incorporation in the routine examination of hearing aid performance. PMID- 6523040 TI - Objective detection of averaged auditory brainstem responses. AB - Detection of an auditory brainstem response, ABR, usually relies on visual evaluation of two or more data acquisition runs of a fixed number of sweeps to determine if there is sufficient replication of the averaged waveforms to indicate a response. Visual interpretation can be difficult when the signal-to noise ratio is poor because of either a small response or high levels of physiological background noise. Moreover, variations in the background noise from run to run can result in poor or spurious replications of component peaks and troughs in the waveform. A previous study (Elberling & Don, 1984) described a statistical approach for objective evaluation of the quality of an ABR recording. The method uses variance analysis in calculating the ratio of the magnitude of the ABR to the estimated averaged background noise. This study further applies this method to obtain a quantitative definition of the ABR threshold, to demonstrate its application in automatic threshold detection, and to estimate the number of sweeps required to reach detection criterion. Application of this method is valuable in reducing the variability of test interpretation and in maximizing the efficiency of recording ABRs by avoiding the averaging of excessive or insufficient numbers of sweeps. These improvements enhance the cost benefit of ABR testing to the patient. PMID- 6523041 TI - The use of single-channel compression for the improvement of speech intelligibility. AB - In this study, speech perception with commercially available linear and single channel input- and output-dependent compression aids was investigated. Although compression has been introduced as a method of limiting the maximum output, theoretically expectations have been raised that a gain in speech intelligibility could also be obtained by a better use of the reduced dynamic range of the patient. It turned out that there was no significant difference in speech reception thresholds obtained both in quiet and in noise between the aids used for a group of 12 hearing-impaired hearing-aid users as a whole, or for different subgroups thereof. PMID- 6523042 TI - Binaural benefit--when and how much? AB - Subjective ratings of aided hearing ability on a five point scale in ten hypothetical listening situations were obtained from 150 binaural hearing aid users, and from 296 monaural hearing aid users. Ratings of unaided hearing ability in nine of the same situations were obtained from 125 persons with self defined normal hearing. The results indicated that in situations where signal-to noise ratio was low, hearing aid users rated their listening much below the performance of normal hearing persons, binaural users indicating no advantage over monaural users. In the other hypothetical situations the binaural users rated their ability higher than did the monaural aid users. In some situations, where the sound was presented from a single source, binaural aid users rated their ability on a par with the normal hearing individuals. Age and hearing loss had small effects on the ratings, but the magnitudes of these effects were considerably less than that attributable to the type of aid provision, that is, whether monaural or binaural. These findings lend support to the benefits of binaural amplification in many listening situations. PMID- 6523043 TI - The psychological importance of nonverbal sounds. An experiment with induced hearing deficiency. AB - An experiment is described where marked hearing deficiency was induced in 28 normal-hearing subjects by means of occlusion. The primary aims were to investigate to what extent feelings of security and control are affected when hearing is suddenly reduced or distorted, and to explore the relative psychological importance attached to different sound categories other than speech. It was found that the inability to hear the movements of other people produces tension and stress and leads to feelings of insecurity and loss of control of the situation. The distortion of one's own voice leads to inhibition from speaking and might affect motivational and affectional factors. Experimental hearing deficiency can elucidate some initial disadvantages of hearing loss or use of hearing aids that are not easily seen in a clinical study. PMID- 6523044 TI - Phasor admittance measurements of the middle ear. I. Theoretical approach. AB - A parallel two-piston model of the middle ear is described. One piston represents vibrations of the ossicular chain and closely coupled vibrations of the tympanic membrane. The other piston represents uncoupled vibrations. To a first approximation, it is assumed that acoustic reflexes modify the former and tympanometry principally modifies the latter, although a comodulation model is also considered. The performance of the model is evaluated in terms of the trajectories of the input admittance phasor resulting from increases in stiffness assumed to occur during acoustic reflexes or tympanometry. This phasor trajectory approach places the various morphological categories of normal acoustic reflexes and tympanograms, including W-notched tympanograms, along a simple continuum. The model leads on to suggest a method by which the parameters of the two pistons can be evaluated using acoustic reflex and tympanogram data at two probe tone frequencies. The method is utilised in the subsequent paper. PMID- 6523045 TI - Phasor admittance measurements of the middle ear. II. Normal phasor tympanograms and acoustic reflexes. AB - Phasor admittance trajectories obtained during tympanometry and acoustic reflex measurements at 220 and 660 Hz were obtained from 67 normal ears. The distributions of natural frequency and resistance derived from these phasor trajectories provide normative data for the technique. Median values of 817 and 714 Hz for natural frequency were obtained respectively for tympanometry and acoustic reflexes. Median resistances were 139 and 555 ohms. The distributions of these parameters from tympanometry and acoustic reflexes were significantly different for both resistance and natural frequency, supporting the assumption that the two procedures measure different aspects of middle-ear vibration, which we have attributed to ossicular chain vibration and to uncoupled vibration of the tympanic membrane. Correlation data are also consistent with this assumption. PMID- 6523046 TI - Neurone response latency in the inferior colliculus in relation to the auditory brainstem responses (ABR) in the guinea pig. AB - In order to determine the possible source of the later vertex positive waves of the guinea pig auditory brainstem response (ABR), we have measured field potentials on the surface and at depths through inferior colliculus whilst making concurrent recordings of single unit responses (using identical broadband click stimuli). We find neurones, restricted to the antero-ventral inferior colliculus, with characteristic frequencies in excess of 12 kHz which have well synchronized onset responses short enough (c. 5 ms) to contribute to the P5 wave of the ABR. PMID- 6523047 TI - Signal-to-noise threshold with and without hearing aid. AB - We determined the necessary signal-to-noise threshold for 50% sentence discrimination in 130 patients with sensorineural hearing disorders with and without a hearing aid, as well as the minimum monosyllable discrimination loss without hearing aid. A significant correlation coefficient was found to exist of the signal-to-noise threshold with vs. that without hearing aid (r = 0.61), and between the minimum discrimination loss and the signal-to-noise threshold with hearing aid (r = 0.38). These differences in the correlation coefficient indicate that the impairment of speech perception in noise when using a hearing aid is obviously due to the deterioration of the signal-to-noise threshold induced by the hearing loss rather than to the discrimination loss per se. PMID- 6523048 TI - Tinnitus--incidence and handicap. AB - A questionnaire investigation, comprising 1091 patients, was conducted at a hearing centre. A majority of patients, 59%, claimed that they were troubled by tinnitus. A strong correlation was found between the laterality of tinnitus and that of subjective hearing loss. Neither a greater degree of hearing loss nor a longer duration of tinnitus was shown to be associated with more severe tinnitus. Among patients with both subjective hearing loss and tinnitus, 23% stated that tinnitus was the greater problem and 38% that their tinnitus and hearing loss were equally troublesome. The corresponding figures for patients with hearing impairment of such a degree that a hearing aid had been fitted were 9% and 41% respectively. Stress symptoms such as headache, tension of facial muscles and sleep disturbances were correlated to tinnitus. Psychosomatic complaints should therefore be taken into account in the treatment of tinnitus. Of patients with tinnitus, 83% were interested in obtaining treatment for their tinnitus. It is postulated that the previously reported predominance of left-sided tinnitus is due to a higher frequency of left-sided hearing impairment. A majority of patients with tinnitus and hearing impairment regarded their tinnitus as the major problem. Efforts towards investigation and treatment of tinnitus might therefore considerably improve the prospects for hearing rehabilitation. PMID- 6523049 TI - Binaural interaction in early, middle and late auditory evoked responses. AB - Binaural interaction of early, middle and late auditory potentials (1-250 ms) was investigated by comparing peak-to-peak amplitudes after diotic stimulation with the computer sum of the right and left monaural reactions. While absent in waves I and III of the brainstem response, binaural interaction or fusion appears in wave V and in the middle latency response, and seems to be greatest in the cortical response N1P2N2. PMID- 6523050 TI - Otoscopy and tympanometry in screening for middle ear disorders in children. AB - In this study tympanometry and otoscopy were conducted in 893 children in Kuwait. Otoscopic examination revealed pathologic findings in 41.7%, while 30.6% had type B or C tympanograms. Based on referral criteria commonly used in tympanometry 31% of the children should be referred for further evaluation. Using the combined otoscopic and tympanometric evaluation of the ears the referral rate could be reduced to 18%. PMID- 6523051 TI - Crystallization in urine. AB - Urines are normally supersaturated with respect to calcium oxalates and phosphates. The formation of these phases in simulated in vitro experiments may give an indication of the likelihood of stone formation in vivo. However, spontaneous precipitation and normal seeded growth experiments suffer from the disadvantage that only small extents of reaction can be achieved. In the present work, a constant composition method has been used to investigate the nature of the phases which crystallize and the rates of their formation in urines. The large extents of crystallization at sustained supersaturation enables physical chemical characterization of the phases formed. Moreover, the use of a protected calcium electrode has made possible the kinetic studies in the presence of undiluted urines. Depending upon the relative supersaturations, and presence of natural inhibitors, both calcium oxalate and calcium phosphate phases may be formed following the addition of calcium oxalate seed crystals. PMID- 6523052 TI - Milk of calcium: a structural study. AB - Milk of calcium is an unusual radiologic entity which covers a wide variety of stones of various compositions. They only have in common the fact that in vivo stone movement is indicated by radiologic pictures taken at different postures of the patient. Despite over 100 cases reported in the literature, no comprehensive structural and chemical analyses have been published. In our case the milk of calcium stones were found to be composed of large crystals of calcium oxalate mono and dihydrates on which clusters of small apatite needles were deposited. PMID- 6523053 TI - Formation and transformation of octacalcium phosphate, OCP: a preliminary report. AB - Octacalcium phosphate, Ca8H2(PO4)6 X 5H2O (OCP), occurs in pathological calcifications frequently as one of the crystalline components of human dental calculi. OCP has also been presumed a necessary precursor of biological apatites in both normal (enamel, dentine, cementum, bones) and pathological (e.g., phosphatic renal stones) calcifications. This study investigated the optimum conditions for the direct in vitro formation of OCP in solutions and in gel systems and the factors affecting its formation and transformation or hydrolysis to apatite. It was observed in both solution and gel systems that the formation of OCP was dependent on definite conditions of pH and temperature (the higher the temperature the lower the pH at which OCP forms, and vice versa), and on the presence of other ions. The presence of pyrophosphate inhibited OCP formation favoring instead the formation of amorphous calcium phosphate while the presence of citrate or carbonate favored the formation of "apatitic" calcium phosphate at the expense of OCP. The presence of oxalate ions caused the formation of mixed OCP/calcium oxalate phases. Hydrolysis of OCP to apatite was suppressed in the presence of magnesium or pyrophosphate, and promoted in the presence of carbonate or fluoride ions. In the presence of oxalate ions, partial hydrolysis of OCP to calcium oxalate and not to apatite was observed. Results from this study give insights on the factors (e.g., pH, temperature, presence of ions besides calcium and phosphate) which influence the formation of OCP and its transformation to apatite and/or calcium oxalate. Ions which demonstrated significant effect on the formation and/or transformation of OCP were magnesium, pyrophosphate, carbonate, citrate, fluoride and oxalate. PMID- 6523054 TI - On mechanism of urate kidney stone formation. AB - Experimental hyperuricemic kidney and urate kidney stone were made in rats, and the mechanism of urate stone formation was investigated at electron microscopic level. Continuous hyperuricosuria caused first the microcrystal, probably a stone embryo, in the distal tubule. In the surroundings of the crystal there were wandering and infiltration of numerous polymorphonuclear leucocytes which, in the distal tubule, showed phagocytosis of enlarged urate crystal and encircled the crystal. These results suggested that the polymorphonuclear leucocytes greatly contribute to an increase of urate crystal with continuous hyperuricosuria. The urate crystal in the collecting tube, expanded and flowed down, and progressed two ways; one stayed, occluded and developed to stone in the duct and the other was released from the papilla opening into the duct to be excreted. PMID- 6523055 TI - Cell injury and calcification of rat aorta in vitro. AB - In order to study the mechanism of dystrophic calcification of vascular connective tissue as a result of cell injury, anoxic incubation and organ culture in CMRL 1066 of fresh and freeze thawed rat aorta and serum incubation of fresh rat aorta were performed. Calcium concentration of the culture medium was adjusted to 2.5mM and phosphate to 0.9mM. Calcium depletion from the culture medium continued for 3 weeks and then plateaued. In every experiment, calcification was seen predominantly in association with the membranous cellular degradation products derived from degenerated smooth muscle cells. These were morphologically similar to the matrix vesicles. In the areas of massive necrosis, particularly in the freeze thawed aortic tissue, massive calcification extending to collagen and elastic fibers was seen. Of the various membranous cellular degradation products, mitochondrial inner membrane also appeared to serve as one of the nidi of calcification. Influx of extracellular Ca2+, which results from suppression of ion pumps upon cell injury, to PO4(3-) rich cytosol is thought to play a pivotal role in dystrophic calcification. Phosphatidyl serine located along the inner surface of the plasma membrane or the membranous vesicle may serve as the substrate for heterogeneous nucleation of apatite. Calcification of the cellular degradation products which was more pronounced in freeze thawed aorta is apparently non-energy dependent. Calcification of the elastic and collagen fibers evidently occurs as an extension from the calcified cellular degradation products. PMID- 6523056 TI - Scanning electron microscopy of urinary stone as a diagnostic tool. AB - On the basis of an extensive electron microscopic study of human urinary stones, a step by step method of stone analysis by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) morphology was developed. A preliminary blind study of 100 consecutive stones demonstrated that the method requires minimum amounts of training and is highly accurate. With several hours of training, accuracy of the stone analysis by SEM morphology alone exceeded 95%. The data indicate that, with further refinements, SEM stone analysis can be accomplished expeditiously and exceed other methods known for stone analysis with economy and accuracy. PMID- 6523058 TI - X-ray microanalysis of single and cultured cells. AB - X-ray microanalysis of single or cultured cells is often a useful alternative or complement to the analysis of the corresponding tissue. It also allows the analysis of individual cells in a cell population. Preparation for X-ray microanalysis poses a number of typical problems. Suspensions of single cells can be prepared by either of two pathways: (1) washing - mounting - drying, or (2) centrifugation - freezing or fixation - sectioning. The washing step in the preparation of single or cultured cells presents the most severe problems. Cultured cells are generally grown on a substrate that is compatible with both the analysis and the culture, washed and dried. In some cases, sectioning of cultured cell monolayers has been performed. Special problems in quantitative analysis occur in those cases where the cells are analyzed on a thick substrate, since the substrate contributes to the spectral background. PMID- 6523057 TI - Mineralization of developing teeth. AB - The distribution of some essential elements and mainly Ca & P in mineralizing matrices of enamel, dentine and predentine and in contiguous cellular strata of developing mouse molars was studied by electron probe analysis, supplemented by polarization microscopy. Distribution gradients for Ca, P, & Ca/P were noted in the matrices. In the early stages of mineralization of enamel and dentine (predentine) Ca/P ratios were low suggesting the presence of either amorphous forms of calcium phosphate or protein bound calcium. Calcium concentrations in odontoblast and ameloblast strata were notable. Elevated values were recorded in the ameloblast layer of the most mature stage (14 days). Sulfur concentration in early enamel exceeds by tenfold that of mature enamel largely due to loss of methionine. The substantial levels of sulfur in predentine are barely detectable in dentine probably due to the loss of sulfated glycosaminoglycans. The mineralization of the negatively charged matrices of enamel and dentine is associated with the loss of water, changes in composition and in the state of aggregation. The accumulation of calcium in crystalline and other forms can be explained by the conditions of the Gibbs-Donnan equilibrium. PMID- 6523059 TI - Backscatter electron imaging of cells from effusions. AB - Cells from body cavity effusions from 35 patients were examined by scanning electron microscopy using both secondary electron imaging and backscatter electron imaging (BEI). This technique allows simultaneous viewing of the same cell for histological identification and for surface configuration. Mesothelial cells, macrophages, lymphocytes, neutrophils and malignant cells could be identified by their nuclear details and their surface features. Mesothelial cells had either smooth surfaces or blebs with few microvilli. Lymphocytes and neutrophils had similar surface features but could be easily identified by BEI. Macrophages had lamellar cytoplasm. Malignant cells were usually large and occurred singly or more frequently in groups. Their irregular chromatin pattern was easily recognized by BEI and was clearly different from mesothelial cells. This technique uses micropore filters to collect the cells. It is a rapid and simple procedure which offers advantages over previously described techniques using glass coverslips. PMID- 6523060 TI - On the frog amphibian papilla. AB - Comparative morphological studies in living species of frogs and toads (anurans) indicate that the amphibian papilla (a specialized auditory sensory organ of the amphibian inner ear) has undergone considerable elongation over the course of evolution. Physiological studies on the amphibian papilla of one recently-derived species (Rana catesbeiana) provide strong evidence that frequency selectivity (tuning) in that organ is accomplished by one or more traveling wave structures, in many ways analogous to that of the mammalian cochlea. I suggest that the process of elongation inferred from the comparative morphology is a direct reflection of the evolution of a single traveling wave structure (i.e., convergence on an auditory mechanism analogous to that in the mammal). One selective advantage of such a mechanism is the combination of high rejection ratio in frequency filtering and good temporal resolution of acoustical stimuli. PMID- 6523061 TI - Variation in lengths of ciliary bundles on hair cells along the macula of the sacculus in two species of teleost fishes. AB - The sacculus is one of the end-organs of the inner ear. In many teleost fishes the sacculus is considered the major auditory organ. We have used scanning electron microscopy to examine the lengths of the ciliary bundles on hair cells in the sensory macula of the sacculus in two diverse species of teleosts. The data are presented in a form allowing direct comparison with recent data on a wide range of tetrapod auditory organs. In goldfish, the ciliary bundles are significantly longer in the caudal part of the macula than in the rostral part, but the kissing gourami shows nearly uniform ciliary bundle heights along its entire length. Based on limited data from the literature, the part of the macula responsive to lower frequencies is the part containing these taller bundles in goldfish, suggesting a parallel with the gradient of ciliary bundles and frequency response found in tetrapods. PMID- 6523062 TI - The Bernard-Soulier platelet: I. Correlation of adhesion defects with abnormalities of surface glycoproteins. AB - Bernard-Soulier disease, an inherited human platelet disorder, is characterized by decreased adhesion of platelets to the subendothelium. A review of the clinical features, laboratory diagnostic features and glycoprotein abnormalities is presented. The glycoprotein composition of platelets from patients with Bernard-Soulier disease was compared with normal using 3H-labeling of surface glycoproteins followed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Decreased amounts of 3H-labeling of glycoprotein IIa as well as absence of the specific surface glycoprotein Ib was observed in Bernard-Soulier platelets. Studies of Bernard Soulier platelets affords an opportunity to understand the mechanisms of platelet adhesion responses in the interactions of platelets with blood vessels. PMID- 6523063 TI - The microvascular architecture of the rabbit stomach corpus in vascular corrosion casts. AB - The blood vessels of the rabbit gastric mucosa were reproduced with a methacrylate casting medium and observed in a scanning electron microscope. The submucosal arteries gave off short and long arterioles. The short arterioles connected at the base of the fundic glands with the capillary network surrounding the glands. The long arterioles ascended along the glands and supplied the capillary network beneath the surface epithelium. This capillary network was denser than the capillary network around the glands. In the glandular neck region, there were many capillary connections between the surface epithelial and glandular capillary systems, but both of these capillary networks drained into common venules which descended along the glands and emptied into the submucosal veins. The isolated arterial supply of the surface mucous cell layer may assure enough blood circulation in this layer for the surface mucous cells to produce a sufficient amount of HCl-resistant mucous or to protect the epithelium against the acid in the gastric lumen. PMID- 6523064 TI - Selected views of early heart development by scanning electron microscopy. AB - This tutorial on cardiac development is designed to acquaint the novice student of embryology with the key events that occur during cardiogenesis. Each of the following events is depicted through a series of scanning electron micrographs which convey the spatial relationships between minute, yet essential structures: fusion of paired heart tubes; looping; partitioning of the common atrium, the atrioventricular canal, the primitive ventricle and the outflow tract. The cellular and biochemical mechanisms responsible for these events cannot be adequately determined nor illustrated by SEM and therefore will not be considered in detail herein. PMID- 6523065 TI - Tracheal morphogenesis and fetal development of the mucociliary epithelium of the rat. AB - In the rat, tracheal development begins at mid-gestation (Day 11) with the formation of the tracheal groove, a longitudinal diverticulum of endodermal epithelium that evaginates from the floor of the pharynx and tubular foregut. At this stage the tracheal groove and developing foregut share a common lumen. Paired primary bronchial buds (lung buds), surrounded by lung bud mesenchyme (splanchnic mesoderm), arise from the caudal end of the tracheal groove. The formation of a longitudinal tracheoesophageal septum divides the combined tracheal groove and developing foregut into two structures, the trachea and esophagus. The trachea and esophagus grow apart, surrounded by independently organized populations of mesenchymal cells. Near this time (Day 12-13), the primary bronchial buds give rise to secondary (lobar) buds of pulmonary epithelium. This establishes the lobar pattern of the right and left lungs and marks the formation of extrapulmonary bronchi. The development of smooth muscle and cartilage within the tracheal mesenchyme precedes the differentiation of the mucociliary epithelium. Smooth muscle forms transversely oriented fascicles in the dorsal tracheal wall (pars membranacea), while pre-cartilage rings surround the remaining ventral and lateral walls (pars cartilagina). Epithelial differentiation is first evident at Day 17, with the formation of ciliated cells in the epithelium of the pars membranacea. Differentiation in the pars cartilagina trails development in the dorsal epithelium. Cell surface characteristics of the tracheal epithelium indicate that secretory cells differentiate about Day 19-20. The precise time and sequence of differentiation of mature cell types of the tracheal epithelium is yet to be determined. It is clear, however, that the development of the mucociliary epithelium in the rat is not completed at birth, but continues into the neonatal period. PMID- 6523066 TI - The development of pharyngeal endocrine organs in mouse and chick embryos. AB - Some interesting differences exist between development of the pharyngeal endocrine organs in mouse and chicken. In both, the thyroid forms as an evagination of the pharyngeal floor in the midline at the level of pharyngeal arch II and moves caudally to the base of the neck. In the chicken, the thyroid divides to form paired organs whereas in the mouse it forms a moustache-shaped bar that later fuses with the parathyroid and ultimobranchial bodies. The thymi, parathyroids and ultimobranchial bodies form as lateral evaginations of the pharyngeal pouches. The chick forms two pairs of thymi and parathyroids from the third and fourth pouches whereas the mouse forms a single pair of each primordium from the third pouch. Ultimobranchial evaginations form from the caudal wall of the sixth pouch in the chick and from the posterior pharynx in the mouse. In the chick all of these evaginations detach from the pharynx and come to lie along the carotid arteries as separate organs that surround the thyroids. In the mouse the parathyroids and ultimobranchial bodies fuse with the lateral thyroid lobes. The thymi move to the ventral midline and fuse to form a single organ. Positioning of these organs appears to be related to three developmental events. Outgrowth of the original evaginations and their ventral movements conform to the curved shape of the pharyngeal arches. Ventral growth of the primordia should result in their convergence near the origin of the ventral aortic roots. The thyroid appears to be attached to the common carotid arteries. Lateral growth of the carotids is consistent with the change in thyroid shape. In the mouse the thymi lie ventral to the other organs. Their movement appears to be related to ventral closure of ventral ectoderm in the neck region. PMID- 6523067 TI - Anatomy of the chick chorioallantoic membrane relevant to its use as a substrate in bioassay systems. AB - Scanning electron microscopy was used in this investigation to characterize and contrast the chorionic surface of 11 day chick chorioallantoic membranes (CAM) prepared by either the classical dropping technique or the Zwilling technique. The structure of the chorionic blood sinus and its relationship to the chorionic ectoderm were also examined. The Zwilling CAM has been proposed as the substrate in an assay being developed by investigators in this laboratory, an assay which is intended as an alternative to the Draize Rabbit Eye Irritancy Test. The purpose of this study was to define the substrate. The results show considerable uniformity of the Zwilling CAM surface in comparison to the dropped CAM. Broad areas of exposed basement membrane were an unexpected finding on the surface of the dropped CAM. It appears that this basement membrane is made up of more than just the thin discontinuous basal lamina seen with the transmission electron microscope. The findings of this study are pertinent to chick embryo physiology as well as to toxicologic assays and tumor cell assays which utilize the CAM. PMID- 6523068 TI - Locomotion and cell surface movements of fibroblasts in fibrillar collagen gels. AB - We have used light microscopy and scanning, scanning transmission, transmission, and high voltage electron microscopy to study the shape and cell surface movements of chick embryo fibroblasts cultured in Vitrogen collagen gels. Cells in gels are less well spread than their counterparts on glass but they retain a dorso-ventral polarity, and move by extending long, narrow lamellar processes. We show here for the first time that cells moving in 3D substrata form perinuclear caps of cross-linked cell surface receptors. PMID- 6523069 TI - The freeze fracture technique in inner ear research. AB - Freeze-fracture studies on the inner ear have been focused mainly on the normal structure of junctions sealing the endolymphatic compartment, the compartmentalization of the stria vascularis and the junctional stability of the hair cells towards adjacent supporting cells. The hair cells have a very tight type of zonulae occludenetes as compared with other non-sensory epithelia in the inner ear. In contrast to other epithelial cells, the mature hair cells are in most species lacking gap junctions. During embryonic development a loss of gap junctions is an early and significant feature of cells differentiating into future hair cells. The tight junctions in the secretory epithelia (stria vascularis in the cochlea and dark cells around vestibular organs) are morphologically mature before the onset of the ionic maturation of endolymph. Freeze-fracture studies on inner ear pathology are few. The structural alterations of tight junctions in the diseased inner ear are minimal. The functional significance of such small morphological derangements is not known. PMID- 6523070 TI - [Intracranial pressure measurement--indications and results]. AB - Intracranial pressure was measured in 82 patients in the Neurosurgical Clinic, Basle, from 1978-1982. The methods used werette Gobiet Screw (62 patients), the Gealtec Probe (17 patients) and intraventricular drainage. Intracranial pressure monitoring was carried out in 54 patients with severe craniocerebral injury in 12 patients with large cranial bone defects and a subsequent cranioplasty, in 12 patients to diagnose hydrocephalus and in 4 patients for other reasons. Indications for intracranial monitoring results and therapy are discussed. PMID- 6523071 TI - [Primary brain tumors in psychiatry]. AB - At the University Psychiatric Clinic in Basle, 14 primary brain tumours were diagnosed in a patient population of 12,530 in the course of 10 years. The rate of primary brain tumours in hospitalized psychiatric patients is thus one in 1,000. Primary brain tumours occurred 20 times more frequently in psychiatric patients than in a normal population, in whom the rate is one in 20,000. The classic brain tumour triad frequently occurs late and is found in less than 50% of patients. In 50 to 60 percent, brain tumour is associated with mental changes, mainly confusional states and psychoorganic syndrome. There is no typical pathopsychology of brain tumours, and that is why the possibility must always be ruled out. On the basis of these remarks, concrete recommendations are made for daily practice. PMID- 6523072 TI - Salicylate prophylaxis in migraine. AB - 46 migraine patients and 4 patients suffering from "nonmigrainous" vascular headache were treated with 250 mg salicylate daily for 2 months. Platelet aggregability before and under treatment was measured in all patients and in 10 controls. The results confirm platelet hyperaggregability in migraine patients and a reduction of aggregability under salicylate out provide no evidence of any significant clinical improvement, thus falsifying the hypothesis of migraine as a platelet aggregation disorder. PMID- 6523073 TI - [Problems of the short form of the Hamburg-Wechsler Intelligence Test for Adults]. AB - A comparative study was performed using HAWIE-short form (AW + ZN + GF + MT) and the entire procedure, in which 153 psychiatric in-patients (legal-medical opinion cases), and a control group of 38 other patients were tested. Despite the proven high correlation between both HAWIE forms, it can be seen from the ascertained trend of the regression line, that the tested short form has a higher average mean value. The significant distortions, especially those in the lower I.Q. field, seem to contradict the probability of any imprudent reduction in intelligence scoring. PMID- 6523074 TI - [Organization of social psychiatric care in one region. 4 years of the Wetzikon Psychiatric Center in the Zurich highlands]. AB - In this paper we hope to share our experience in developing socio-psychiatry in our regional practice, the Zurich Oberland with its 160,000 inhabitants most of which are rural and suburban. Following government's rules the Psychiatric Center Wetzikon started in 1979 with an outpatient clinic, a day clinic and a geropsychiatric aid service. The ways of introducing this new program into an already existing network of social aids are explained. Sociopsychiatric patients need help in 3 fields: Housing, working and therapy. The different activities and forms of therapy used in the Center are shown, but also what lacks in psychiatric primary care: a psychiatric emergency and crisis intervention service, a night clinic and protected working places, part of it being planned now. Our Center fulfills of duties at once: Psychiatric outpatient clinic for examination and treatment of mostly intra-psychic disturbances and furthermore sociopsychiatric ambulatory where extrapsychic troubles related to the patients social surroundings is being dealt with. To make reintegration of psychiatric patients easier we use a form of indirect care by which the lay-helper's stress capacity and understanding is developed so that his help becomes more effective in the end. PMID- 6523075 TI - [Psychogenic psychoses]. AB - The term psychogenic or reactive psychosis is used to describe a psychotic state which is experience-related and triggered by a precipitating event. Experimental studies have confirmed that under total sensory deprivation man responds by exhibiting psychotic reactions within a short time. Emotion psychoses, brief reactive psychoses are psychotic reactions due to an emotional shock. They usually go beyond the usual pathological psychoreactions in terms of quality, intensity and duration. Emotion psychoses show schizophrenia-like symptoms; the duration of illness varies from a few hours to several weeks. Emotion psychoses are observed in other cultural groups, too. Two case reports are mentioned. The differential diagnosis of emotion psychoses, of psychotic reactions induced by extreme situations, and the question whether chronic psychoses may have psychogenic causes, are discussed. PMID- 6523076 TI - Personality and psychological factors in chronic duodenal ulcer. Their interaction with biological parameters. AB - Forty patients with chronic duodenal ulcer were studied to determine whether some particular personality and psychological factors are associated with this disease. To this purpose the Cattell's PF 16 personality Test was utilized. Duodenal ulcer population presented a typical personality profile characterized by: high anxiety, dependence and introversion. Some biological parameters, suggested as predictors of slow healing and/or relapse of ulcer, were studied: patients with maximal acid output greater than 60 mEq/h and /or total serum pepsinogen greater than 109 micrograms tyr/ml/24 hrs and/or serum pepsinogen group I greater than 99 ng/ml showed an anxiety level significantly higher than that of patients with values less than the reported thresholds. These results suggest a contributory role by psychological factors in duodenal ulcer disease. The association of anxiolitic drugs to the traditional antiulcer therapy may be proposed, particularly in hypersecretors. PMID- 6523077 TI - [Reconsideration of prevention in mental health in post-industrial society/culture]. AB - The paradigmatic shift in medicine and in psychiatry (the introduction of the bio psycho-social model) as well as its interaction with certain aspects of the postindustrial society influence both the theory and practice of mental health prevention. The targets of prevention are high risk situations which are defined according to empirical and theoretical criteria. New preventive technics in line with the above mentioned aspects are described. The great importance of adequate education of those who are taking part in mental health prevention is stressed. PMID- 6523078 TI - The reliability of Swedish mortality statistics for rheumatoid arthritis. AB - The reliability of Swedish mortality statistics for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) was investigated. All Swedish RA death certificates for the years 1971 and 1975 were collected. 1224 such death certificates were identified. Physicians' causal statements were compared with the corresponding National Central Bureau of Statistics' (NCBS) registration. The NCBS was found to have registered a twofold RA mortality increase for men, from PMR 0.044 to 0.112, and a threefold increase for women, from 0.180 to 0.577, whereas physicians had reported a slight decrease for men, from 0.057 to 0.043 and practically no change at all for women, from 0.213 to 0.216. The proportions of inadequately completed certificates were 34% in 1971 and 31% in 1975, and the proportions of altered certificates were 16% and 32% respectively. The diverging agreement between physicians and the NCBS was due mainly to an increased tendency on the part of the NCBS to favour RA in the registration, and not to physicians' formal errors on the certificate forms. PMID- 6523079 TI - Developmental aspects of the hip in juvenile chronic arthritis. A radiological assessment. AB - The aim of this study in sero-negative juvenile chronic arthritis was to examine the radiological changes in the hip joints in relation to age and mode of onset of disease. Particular attention was paid to periods of complete immobilization or reduction in weightbearing, irrespective of clinical hip involvement. Twenty two children with an early onset of disease (i.e. less than 5 years) with clinical hip involvement were compared with 12 similarly aged children without clinical hip involvement, and 22 children with a later onset but with clinical hip involvement. In all the children with an early onset of disease the initial radiographic findings were developmental rather than destructive. In those with clinical hip involvement, destructive changes supervened, while those with later onset had destruction as the first feature, often followed by the development of protrusio acetabula. The 12 children without clinical hip involvement who had prolonged periods of non-weightbearing in early life, usually because of knee involvement, showed developmental abnormalities. These findings suggest that weightbearing should be encouraged, to promote the normal development of the hips. PMID- 6523080 TI - Atlanto-axial subluxation in rheumatoid arthritis. A study of 104 hospital patients. AB - Arthritic affection of the upper cervical spine is relatively common in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Atlanto-axial subluxations are also reported to occur frequently, but it seems that neurological symptoms due to the subluxations seldom occur. We have studied 104 consecutive in-patients. In a group of 50 non arthritics we have measured the distance from dens to the anterior arch of the atlas, and from dens to the foramen magnum line. By means of percentile-estimate we have defined values at risk for having pathological values for the measured distances. In 104 rheumatoid arthritis patients we found that 45% of the patients had values at risk, but only one of the patients had medullary neurological signs. A planned follow-up study will show if oncoming neurological symptoms due to subluxations will occur in the risk-group or in the group now defined as having normal values. PMID- 6523081 TI - Overt psychopathology in rheumatoid arthritis. A fifteen-year follow-up study. AB - A 15-year follow-up study of 74 female patients (mean age 57.9 years) with definite or classic rheumatoid arthritis (RA) was performed, with special emphasis on overt psychopathology during the clinical course of the illness. Catamnestic investigation revealed that in 46% of the patients psychiatric disturbances necessitating treatment had appeared during the follow-up period. Generally, the psychiatric syndromes observed were of neurotic type not infrequently associated with depressive symptomatology. At the time of investigation 41% of the patients exhibited overt psychopathology, of whom the majority had depressive reactions (40%) or other forms of neurotic syndromes (18%). Only one patient was diagnosed as psychotic. In 5 instances distinct signs of chronic organic brain syndrome were noted. The importance of identifying clinical depression and of instituting adequate drug treatment and psychotherapy is emphasized. PMID- 6523082 TI - Posterior atlanto-axial dislocation in rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Seven patients with rheumatoid arthritis and posterior atlanto-axial dislocation are presented. The patients were elderly women who had suffered with the disease a long time. In all cases earlier cervical radiographs were available, excluding any predisposing congenital anomaly. Fracture and arthritic destruction of the dens, of parts of the body of the axis, or of the anterior arch of the atlas proved to be predisposing factors of the lesion. PMID- 6523083 TI - Ultrastructural aspects of nailfold capillaries in a case of eosinophilic fasciitis. AB - An ultrastructural study was made on the nailfold capillaries in an 18-year-old female with eosinophilic fasciitis. Scleroderma-like capillaroscopic lesions were visible at the sites where biopsy was performed. Light microscopy revealed ectasic capillaries at the apex of dermal papillae. Aspects of thickening and duplication of the epidermal basement membrane as well as an activation of endothelial cells were visualized at the ultrastructural level. These cells contained many virus-like tubulo-reticular inclusions, associated with cisternae of endoplasmic reticulum. Aspects of degeneration of nerve fibres and Schwann cells were also present. Large, homogeneously electron-dense deposits could be seen in the basement membrane at the dermo-epidermal junction. This study not only confirms previous observations on the microangiopathy in eosinophilic fasciitis, but also documents two new aspects: electron-dense deposits at the dermo-epidermal junction and tubulo-reticular inclusions within endothelial cells. PMID- 6523084 TI - Intra-articular steroids--an alternative to knee synovectomy in rheumatoid arthritis? PMID- 6523085 TI - The use of slow-acting drugs in rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 6523086 TI - Privatization of the health services. PMID- 6523087 TI - Repeated short-term sick-leave as a possible symptom of psycho-social problems. AB - As part of a research project concerning repeated short-term sick-leave an intensive study has been performed aiming at estimating the frequency and character of psycho-social problems in a population with a minimum of six short sick spells during a 12-month period, in comparison with an age- and sex-matched sample of patients who went to the local general practitioner in the same area. The results show that psycho-social problems are twice as common in the group with repeated short-term sick-leave. PMID- 6523088 TI - Corporate reported sick leave and its relationship with education, responsibility and blood pressure. AB - The investigation group included all 1313 employees of SAAB-SCANIA, Linkoping, in the age group 50-59 years. In 1975 they were called during their working hours to the company's Physical Training Centre to be assessed. This investigation included measurements such as systolic blood pressure, height, weight and certain anthropometric measurements. Other information was obtained from the personnel records about sex, age, type of employment, educational grade, degree of responsibility, and reported sick leave in 1974 and 1975 for the workers, and between 1970 and 1975 for the salaried employees. The total number of drop-outs was 238, or 18%. Sick leave is mainly a problem of the long-term absence of a minority of employees with an ever-increasing rate of absence. Sick leave among the salaried employees decreases in relation to higher education and increased responsibility. A high level of responsibility and education characterizes a low risk group, whereas little responsibility and a low level of education denote a high-risk group with regard to blood pressure and sick leave. A disparity--low education and medium responsibility--has earlier been described as denoting a high risk of psychosomatic diseases. In this study they showed a rate of absence lower than the average at the same time as the blood pressure is above the average. PMID- 6523089 TI - Alcohol, patient compliance and blood pressure control in hypertensive patients. AB - The association of self-reported use of alcohol with blood pressure and compliance with antihypertensive medication was studied in a randomly selected population sample in eastern Finland. We found a positive correlation between reported use of alcohol and diastolic blood pressure level and a negative correlation with the reduction of diastolic blood pressure during a five-year treatment. These correlations were independent of age, gender, and blood pressure level 5 years earlier. The use of alcohol was associated, especially in men, with poor compliance with antihypertensive medication. In addition to a possible direct contribution to high blood pressure, alcohol intake resulted in an inadequate control of blood pressure in male hypertensive patients by lowering patient compliance. PMID- 6523090 TI - The social and gynaecological background of 218 sterilized women. AB - This is the first part of a longitudinal follow-up study of 218 consecutively sterilized women. The operations were performed at the Gynaecological Department of Akershus Central Hospital during the period May 22nd 1973 to February 1, 1974. The mean age of the women was 33.5 years, their mean parity 2.8. They could not be distinguished from the women of the same age in the county at large with regard to incomes, education or housing conditions. The usage of contraception was widespread, but not consistent. Fifty-eight per cent of the operations were performed postabortion, 69% of the women had at least one, 21% at least two induced abortions before the sterilization. Family planning was the predominant stated motive for sterilization, and the present study indicates that the sterilization legislation of 1934 was outdated some years before it was succeeded by a new law. Sterilization was suggested by the doctor in 40%, at abortion application in 30%. PMID- 6523091 TI - The attitudes of sterilized women to contraceptive sterilization. AB - Six years after their sterilization, 206 of 216 consecutively sterilized women were interviewed. Included in the semistructured interview was a series of questions about their more general attitudes to tubal sterilization. Half of the women considered the early thirties the appropriate age for contraceptive sterilization. Sixty-four women argued for male sterilization, 59 for female. The protagonists for vasectomy were younger. Twenty-seven women said contraceptive sterilization should not be more widespread, 38 believed postoperative regret was common. The abortion situation was considered inappropriate in the discussion of sterilization by 66 women; 131 found it sensible. While 84 women considered the new, liberal sterilization legislation an improvement, 110 did not agree, mainly because they considered the age limit of 25 years too low. PMID- 6523092 TI - Oral health in Finland and the Soviet Union. A joint study. AB - To develop the functions of a health care system it is essential to compare and evaluate the systems of different countries. The World Health Organization (WHO) has emphasized the importance of collaborative studies in the field of epidemiology. In countries with similar social systems the basis for health care is usually the same. Comparison of health care in such countries is relatively easy because in most cases the criteria for functions, diagnosis, etc. are similar. Comparison of countries having different bases for health care and different philosophies of research is much more complicated and time-consuming. Soviet health care, including oral health care, is based on community responsibility and has complex prophylaxis as its main emphasis. In the USSR there are no private dentists. All dental services are available at polyclinics located either near the place of residence or at the work place. In Finland there are two separate systems for oral health care. Children up to the age of 18 and some special groups of the adult population (pregnant women, military recruits, and students) are treated in municipal polyclinics (called health centres in Finland). Otherwise, the adult population is treated mainly by private dentists. The study will be carried out in three towns in Finland and six towns in the USSR. The aim of this study is to describe the causal epidemiology of dental caries among children 6 to 7, 9 and 12 years old in Finland and the Soviet Union. In addition, certain measures and compounds for caries prevention will be tested during 3 years of follow-up.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6523093 TI - Occupational asbestos exposure, lung-fiber concentration and latency time in malignant mesothelioma. AB - Mineral fiber concentration in lung tissue was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy in 73 males with malignant mesothelioma and in 36 referents who died of cardio- or cerebrovascular diseases. The investigation showed apparent differences in the median lung-fiber concentration between occupational groups with different levels of asbestos exposure, as judged from their occupational history. Thus the mineral fiber content in human lung tissue provides a useful indicator of cumulative asbestos exposure. There was also a statistically significant difference between the median lung-fiber concentration among mesothelioma cases with unlikely or unknown occupational asbestos exposure and the reference group. The latency times in 42 of the cases with definite or probable occupational asbestos exposure showed a log-normal distribution with a median of 37 years and a range of 19-68 years. No statistically significant correlation was found between the logarithm of the latency time and the logarithm of the lung-fiber concentration. PMID- 6523094 TI - An evaluation of reports of dioxin exposure and soft tissue sarcoma pathology among chemical workers in the United States. AB - A review of employment records and tissue specimens of seven workers, reported previously as having occupational dioxin exposure and soft tissue sarcomas, confirms that four workers had employment of 2 to 19 years in the production of 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5-T) or trichlorophenol, products contaminated with 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzodioxin, the most toxic dioxin isomer. Of these individuals, two have confirmed soft tissue sarcomas. In addition three individuals who worked for companies which made 2,4,5-T also have confirmed soft tissue sarcomas. Their employment records do not show specific assignment to 2,4,5-T or trichlorophenol departments; however, one individual worked for 10 d in the production of pentachlorophenol, which is contaminated with different isomers of dioxin. Methodological problems are discussed which must be addressed in the epidemiologic evaluation of the outcome of soft tissue sarcoma. PMID- 6523095 TI - A filter method for the active and passive monitoring of sulfur dioxide in workplace air. AB - A method where sulfur dioxide is collected on impregnated filters (glycerol/potassium hydroxide solution) is described. Sampling can be done either with a pump or by the use of two different passive monitors available on the market. Analysis is made by ion chromatography. The methods have been evaluated and compared with a colorimetric air monitoring badge system (ProTek). Laboratory tests show that the accuracy of the filter methods is acceptable and that samples can be stored. Water vapor does not interfere, but hydrogen sulfide causes a minor decrease in recovery. ProTek has high accuracy but storage tends to decrease the recovery. Field tests in a steel rolling mill and a sulfate pulp mill showed a fairly good correspondence between the methods. PMID- 6523096 TI - Skin absorption as a source of error in biological monitoring. AB - Concentrations of toluene, tetrachloroethylene, and 1,1,1-trichloroethane were determined in blood collected from both forearms of subjects after one of their hands was soaked for 5 min in the corresponding solvent or in a thinner containing toluene, as a simulation of the washing of hands with solvent after work. The concentrations of toluene, tetrachloroethylene, and 1,1,1 trichloroethane on the soaked side were high, maximally 5.4, 9.0, and 4.0 mumol/l, respectively, and 20-, 130-, and 35-fold, respectively, compared to the contralateral side. Intraindividual differences were very marked, and dramatic changes were detected within a short period of time. It was not until after 3 h with toluene and 5 h with the chlorinated solvents that the difference between the two arms vanished. It is concluded that analyses of solvents in blood specimens drawn during or immediately after the workday may lead to markedly erroneous estimations of exposure. PMID- 6523098 TI - Confounding by variable smoking habits in different occupational groups. AB - Smoking habits of different occupational groups were studied in a sample of persons who participated in health screening examinations carried out by the mobile clinic of the Institute of Occupational Health (Helsinki, Finland). The sample consisted of 1 990 men and 1 044 women. The smoking habits of the study population as a whole conformed with those of the entire Finnish population. Distinct differences in smoking habits were found, however, in different occupational groups. The effect of smoking habits on tentative rate ratios of lung cancer in occupational groups were estimated with a procedure presented by Olav Axelson. The groups were selected from extreme ends of the smoking habit variable. Extreme estimates were taken to maximize the confounding effect of smoking. When occupational groups were contrasted with the general population, the confounding effect was found to be smaller than usually believed. PMID- 6523097 TI - Occupational solvent exposure and neuropsychiatric disorders. AB - Long-term exposure to solvents has been shown to induce neuropsychiatric disorders in workers. In this case-referent study the cases comprised 374 construction workers who had been awarded a disability pension due to a neuropsychiatric disorder in 1978-1980. Their matched referents were selected from construction workers who had been granted a pension due to o ther diseases in the same three-year period. The results of this study indicate that solvent exposure increases the risk of being prematurely pensioned due to neuroses, but early pensioning due to alcoholism or other neuropsychiatric disorders is not increased by solvent exposure. This same conclusion has been reached in earlier studies on this matter in other countries. PMID- 6523099 TI - [Nuclear medical diagnosis of pulmonary embolism]. AB - Lung perfusion scintigraphy can make arterial embolic obstruction visible because the uptake of microspheres labelled with 99mTc is lower than normal in the corresponding lobes, segments or subsegments. The sensitivity for pulmonary embolism is high (up to 98%). The specificity of a positive finding increases with additional investigations: infiltrative and space occupying lesions can be seen on the chest X-ray, and broncho-obstructive diseases with concomitant perfusion defects can be identified with the help of ventilation scintigraphy using 133Xe. In view of its high sensitivity and specificity, its low cost, low risk with practically no discomfort for the patient, and standardized techniques not dependent on the skill of the examiner, lung scintigraphy can replace pulmonary angiography in nearly all circumstances. It should be noted, however, that late sequelae--after thrombolysis and recanalization have taken place and when atelectases or pneumonia may dominate--may blur the scintigraphy findings. Thus, patients must be sent for lung scintigraphy as soon as suspicion of pulmonary embolism arises. PMID- 6523100 TI - [Diagnostic problems in acute pulmonary embolism]. AB - In a retrospective study over the years 1978-1982, 729 cases of acute pulmonary embolism were analyzed in relation to history, clinical signs and laboratory findings and the results compared with the findings of the urokinase pulmonary embolism trial. As far as history and clinical symptoms were concerned, breathlessness, chest pain, tachypnea, tachycardia and cyanosis were the dominating features. Among laboratory tests, the radiological and electrocardiographic findings of pulmonary hypertension were of little value. In contrast, arterial hypoxemia and isotope scanning provided the most reliable diagnostic information. The most frequent problem in differential diagnosis was acute myocardial infarction. PMID- 6523101 TI - [Ventilation scintigraphy with 127Xenon gas--efficient use for emergency diagnosis of pulmonary embolism]. AB - In a retrospective study all lung scans performed in 1982 were compared to those during 1983. In 1982, ventilation scans using 133Xe were performed first, followed by 6-view perfusion scans using 99mTc-MAA. In 251 patients, 149 (59%) had normal perfusion scans and the ventilation study was thus superfluous. In 95 patients (24%) the ventilation/perfusion defects matched. Only 43 patients (17%) had evidence of pulmonary embolism. In 1983, perfusion scans were performed first, and only patients with abnormality on the perfusion scan had a ventilation study using 127Xe. Of the 359 perfusion scans performed, 240 (67%) ruled out pulmonary embolism. Of the remaining 119 (33%), a ventilation study was performed immediately after the perfusion scan in the position showing a perfusion defect. A finding consistent with pulmonary embolism was observed in 58 patients (16%). In conclusion, the use of 127Xe in clinical practice represents a financial, technical and diagnostic advantage, as well as a reduction in radiation dose to patients and personnel. PMID- 6523103 TI - [Can factors of prognostic significance be identified during rehabilitation of cardiac infarct patients?]. AB - In a follow-up study of myocardial infarction patients who had followed the rehabilitation program at this clinic, a cardiac mortality rate of 3.8% (35 out of 930 patients) and a reinfarction rate of 2.3% (21 out of 930 patients) were observed in the 16.6 months after infarction. The relationship between 15 variables and these cardiac events was examined by cross-tabulation and then by Fischer's test of independence. No prognostic factors for reinfarction were found. However, there were 4-risk-indicators which were predictive of early mortality: diabetes, severe complications during the hospital course, congestive heart failure and exercise-induced, complex ventricular arrhythmias. While a single risk-indicator was of little prognostic significance, a combination of two or more identified patients at high risk of subsequent mortality. PMID- 6523102 TI - [Cardiovascular risk factors: an intervention program for general practice]. AB - A new multiple risk factor intervention program, combining a comprehensive, stepwise and health education-based approach, was tested in an outpatient setting. In the first 47 patients (aged 17-55, referred by their physicians) total cardiovascular risk (estimated by Framingham index) was reduced within the first 12 months by an average of 32.5%. This improvement derived from significant reductions in all major risk factors. These findings demonstrate the feasibility and potential, yet unexploited, benefit of a more comprehensive risk factor, approach in general medical practice. PMID- 6523104 TI - [Dosage interval and in vivo action of penicillin against pneumococci]. AB - The relationship between dosage intervals of penicillin and bactericidal efficacy was investigated in an experimental model using normal and granulocytopenic mice and Streptococcus pneumoniae. Pulsdosing at 4-hour intervals proved to be significantly less efficient than fractional doses of the same total amount of penicillin injected at 1-hour intervals. PMID- 6523105 TI - [Choice of positive criteria in specific bronchial provocation tests with a purified acarian extract (Pharmalgen)]. AB - Bronchial provocation tests (PT) were performed with a purified and standardized extract of the house dust mite Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (D. ptero.) in an attempt to determine the most sensitive criteria of bronchospasm. Nineteen asthmatic patients with skin test and RAST positive for D. ptero. had a positive bronchial PT. More than 40% increase of Raw insp. simultaneously with dyspnea or wheezing was found in each patient, whereas only 6/19 had a 20% increase of FEV1. 47% of the patients had a slight to moderate late phase of bronchial obstruction. None of the 9 asthmatic patients with skin test and RAST negative for mites had bronchospasm. It is concluded that a 40% in Raw insp., combined with clinical signs of bronchospasm, is a sensitive, specific and safe method of determining the threshold of bronchial sensitivity to a standardized allergen. PMID- 6523106 TI - [Sodium chloride intake and supply of iodine in the Swiss population]. AB - The controversial salt intake in a representative sample of the Swiss adult population was evaluated by measuring the sodium excretion in the urine of 966 adult probands of different regions in Switzerland. Prior to this study the validity of a widely used and easy method for the analysis of sodium excretion in large scale studies was investigated by determination of the quotient of sodium excretion and creatininuria in a single urine sample and the calculation of the 24-h values. The results with this method were compared to those of determination of effective sodium content in the 24-h urine samples of 43 probands. Similar mean values were demonstrated for both methods. On the other hand, only 53.5% of the individual results were between +/- 30% of the effective values. It is therefore concluded that this method is useful only for large scale studies but not for individual evaluations of sodium excretion. The mean sodium excretion was 176.2 +/- 105.9 mmol/24 h for the 966 probands. This corresponds to a daily salt intake of 10.3 +/- 6.2 g. Determination of the effective sodium excretion in 24-h urine samples of 147 probands, which differed slightly from the whole collective with regard to age and sex distribution, confirmed these data with a mean sodium excretion of 143.2 +/- 62 mmol/24 h, corresponding to a daily salt intake of 8.4 +/- 3,6 g. Iodine excretion in the 24-h urine samples of 112 probands completed the study.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6523108 TI - [New diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of acute kidney failure]. AB - In a 20 months' period 20 patients were dialyzed at the Cantonal Hospital, Lucerne, because of acute renal failure (ARF). Contrary to expectation, the main cause was not circulatory failure but traumatic and nontraumatic rhabdomyolysis (5 patients), septicemia (9 patients) and endogenous and exogenous intoxications. In only 2 patients did shock seem an important factor in the pathogenesis of ARF. In view of the many causes of rhabdomyolysis, the frequency of patients with myoglobinuric ARF is hardly surprising. Case history, brown-colored urine with a positive reaction for hemoglobin in the absence of significant hematuria and without significant hemolysis (as judged by the color of the plasma or serum) and, most important, high creatine kinase (10(4) to 10(6) U/l) point to the correct diagnosis. In patients who had undergone trauma or surgery the main cause of ARF was uncontrollable infection. A long interval between the accident or operation and the onset of ARF was typical in these cases. Both hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis are adequate methods of treatment for ARF. For technical reasons, however, in more than 50% of patients with ARF due to trauma or surgery, peritoneal dialysis is not feasible. On the other hand, in patients with cardiovascular instability continuous arterio-venous hemofiltration serves as an alternative to hemodialysis. With the introduction of Y-shaped dialysis catheters and the single needle system with double pump and controlled ultrafiltration, hemodialysis has become an easier and safer procedure. For patients with prolonged-course ARF the authors prefer a combination of initial hemodialysis, followed by peritoneal dialysis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6523107 TI - [Distinct increase of plasma concentrations of high-density lipoprotein 2 and post-heparin lipolytic activity by constant moderate alcohol intake]. AB - In a 69-year-old man with familial hypercholesterolemia, markedly increased plasma concentrations of high-density HDL2 lipoprotein (HDL2) were found. The patient showed no signs of atherosclerotic macro- nor microangiopathy. As a possible reason for the increase of HDL2 a daily intake of 3/8 litre red wine was assumed. On three days (day 1, day 21, day 42) the influence of alcohol on the major lipoprotein density classes (i.e. very low-density lipoproteins [VLDL], intermediate-density lipoproteins [IDL], low-density lipoproteins [LDL], HDL2 and HDL3, all by means of rate zonal ultracentrifugation) and on postheparin lipolytic activity (PHLA) was investigated. At day 1 the patient was under the influence of the usual daily alcohol intake. From day 1 till day 21 patient drank no alcoholic beverages. From day 21 till day 42 the patient returned to his daily intake of 3/8 litre red wine. During the sober phase the plasma concentration of HDL2 decreased to approximately one quarter of the plasma concentration at day 1. Additionally, PHLA decreased markedly. During the daily alcohol consumption till day 42, the plasma concentration of HDL2 again rose approximately to the value of day 1 and PHLA distinctly increased. It is concluded that moderate alcohol consumption may increase the plasma concentration of the antiatherogenic HDL2 in some patients. This patient with familial hypercholesterolemia appears to be protected from premature atherosclerotic complications by his pronounced increase in plasma concentration of HDL2. PMID- 6523109 TI - [Morphometric and histologic studies of testicular biopsies in obstructive azoospermia]. AB - 271 testicular biopsies from patients with obstructive azoospermia and near normal germinal epithelium were investigated morphologically and/or histologically in a search for lesions due to obstruction. 529 testicular biopsies from patients with oligozoospermia and 50 testicles examined post mortem served as histological control. The morphometric data of the seminiferous tubules in cases of obstructive azoospermia were within the standard range determined histologically in normal controls. In 13.3% of cases with obstructive azoospermia and in 6.8% of patients with oligozoospermia, however, testicular biopsies revealed a remarkably constant lesion, i.e. groups of seminiferous tubules with ectasia and atrophy, densely packed and usually surrounded by some fibrotic tubules. The etiology of this lesion remains unclear, but it may represent acute focal atrophy of germinal epithelium due to obstruction by the adjacent fibrotic tubules. PMID- 6523110 TI - [Computed tomographic diagnosis of thromboses of the splenic, superior mesenteric and portal veins]. AB - In a 66-year-old patient with symptoms of subileus, thrombosis of the portal, superior mesenteric and splenic veins was detected by computed tomography. After anticoagulation the patient became symptomfree. In a follow-up CT no further thrombosis was visible. PMID- 6523111 TI - [Selenium and vitamin E supplement for swine. Relation to mulberry heart disease. 2]. PMID- 6523112 TI - [Knee joint disorders in bicycling]. PMID- 6523113 TI - [Treatment of foot distortion. General practice of the Swiss accident insurance administration]. PMID- 6523114 TI - Turning something over in the mind. PMID- 6523115 TI - A mouse macrophage-like cell line (MMC-1) and its biological characteristics- biological characterization. AB - The biological characteristics of mouse macrophage-like cell line (MMC-1) are described. This cell line has been cultured in vitro for more than 20 months. MMC 1 cells are adherent to typical morphology of macrophages, but bigger in size than those of the uncultivated. They are actively phagocytic with abundant Fc receptors. The karyotypes are mostly pantaploidy. This cell line provides a useful tool for the biological and immunological study of macrophage. PMID- 6523116 TI - Estimate to mutation rates. AB - The mathematical methods for estimating the mutation rates of microbes at the level of populations are given in this paper, which are concerned with the estimation of the mixture of two normal distributions. Using the feed forward of livingthing's prior information, the precision of the estimates may be increased and the calculation may be reduced. Finally, an approximate method about the small sample is given in this paper. PMID- 6523117 TI - What's in a name? PMID- 6523118 TI - Reference values for elemental concentrations in some human samples of clinical interest: a preliminary evaluation. AB - Over 60 investigators, some of them with an outstanding international reputation as analysts, were requested to identify reliable data from their countries for elemental concentrations in normal adult human samples of clinical interest by contributing their own data as well as screening the literature information. A set of samples consisting of whole blood and its components, urine, milk, liver and hair were chosen and considered for 15 elements of biological significance: Zn, Cu, Fe, Se, Mn, Pb, Cd, Hg, As, Mo, Cr, Co, I, Ni and F. The results partly cover over 40 countries from the global regions of Africa, Asia, Europe, North, South and Central America, Australia and New Zealand. This survey has been useful in demonstrating certain trends of trace element picture around the world, at least qualitatively. Both diet and environment have a strong influence on the distribution pattern of several elements such as As, Cd, Mn, Pb, Se and Zn. A limited comparison of the available information on soil status of different countries revealed interesting associations for elements such as Mn and Zn. Importantly, this study revealed that only a few countries were in a position to supply a reasonable amount of data on samples requested here. In particular, for a number of countries, reliable data for even very essential elements such as Cu, Zn and Fe were not available. In view of the nutritional importance of several elements the time is ripe for international organizations to intervene and help produce some reference data for selected global regions which lack data of any kind. PMID- 6523119 TI - Pollutants in harp seals (Phoca groenlandica). II. Heavy metals and selenium. AB - Between 1976 and 1978, 249 harp seals were sampled from five locations in the Northwest Atlantic and Arctic for heavy metal and selenium residue analyses in tissue. Significant loading was apparent only in blood, brain, kidney, liver and muscle. Samples were analysed for mercury (Hg), selenium (Se), copper (Cu), cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb). The seals carried higher levels of Cd than of the other metals. Residue levels of Cd were highest in kidney tissue; levels of other metals were highest in liver. Both males and females bioaccumulated Cd, Hg and Se. Cd, Hg, Se and Cu residues were detected in tissue from neonatal seals, indicating that transplacental and transmammary transfer of these elements had occurred. Despite the passage of residues from mother to pup, females bore significantly higher levels of Hg and Cd than males. Conversely, levels of Cu, Se or Pb did not appear to differ significantly between sexes. There was considerable individual variation in residue levels. This, coupled with the extensive annual migration undergone by these animals, made it difficult to arrive at definite conclusions regarding geographic accumulation patterns. PMID- 6523120 TI - Bioconcentration potential of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) fluids by fish. AB - The water solubilities (S), octanol/water partition coefficients (KOW) and bioconcentration factors (BCF) of four polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) fluids covering a wide range of molecular weight were measured. It is shown that a previously described correlation between S and KOW for organic chemicals may be invalid for PDMS fluids; an alternative correlation is proposed. Some PDMS fluids tend to have a bioconcentration potential in silver carp. PMID- 6523121 TI - The uptake of plutonium-238, 239, 240, americium-241, strontium-90 and caesium 137 into potatoes. AB - Transfer factors have been measured for 239 Pu + 240 Pu, 241 Am, 90 Sr and 137 Cs into potatoes grown in a blend of soil which included silt polluted with radioactive waste discharged into the Irish Sea. The experiment has been carried out over four seasons and attempts to assess the radiological consequences to the consumer which would arise if potatoes were to be grown in land heavily contaminated with the silt. During the course of the experiment plutonium and americium became less available for uptake, 90 Sr became slightly more available and 137 Cs remained nearly constant in its availability. The values of the transfer factors are among the lowest reported for these radionuclides into potatoes. PMID- 6523122 TI - Study of mutagenic pollution in Bombay. AB - Airborne suspended particulate matter (SPM) from seven areas in and around Bombay city were collected over glass fibre filters (0.8 micrometer porosity). The chemicals from the SPM were extracted in dimethylsulfoxide and distilled water and were further tested for mutagenicity by Ames' test using for five mutants of Salmonella typhimurium. Of the seven areas studied, only four exhibited mutagenicity, which was confirmed by dose-response assays using the mutant strain TA 100. The very high mutagenicity observed in central Bombay correlates with the higher incidence of respiratory tract diseases in the resident population. PMID- 6523123 TI - Selenium and its interrelation with mercury in wholeblood and hair in an East Greenlandic population. AB - 138 Blood samples and 12 hair samples from the district of Angmagssalik, East Greenland, have been analysed for selenium and mercury. It was found that selenium like mercury, was absorbed in accordance with the amount of marine food eaten. The mean blood concentration in the group eating most marine food was 173 and 186 micrograms Hg/1 for men and women, respectively, while in the group eating the lowest quantity of marine food, the mean values were 86 and 118 micrograms Hg/1. In blood, the selenium and mercury did not correlate in individuals, but only in groups according to eating habits. On a molar basis, selenium is present in blood in excess as compared to mercury, while the opposite is the case for hair. It is concluded that only part of the selenium interacts with mercury, and that blood, but not hair, reflects present dietary intake. The righ supply of selenium in relation to mercury exposure through the traditional arctic food is probably able to alleviate the hazards from dietary mercury exposure. PMID- 6523124 TI - The variation of trace element concentration in human hair: the trace element profile in human long hair by sectional analysis using neutron activation analysis. AB - Neutron activation analysis was used to determine the distribution of trace elements in human hair. Hair samples were obtained from five infants (two to seven years of age) with hair length ranging from 15 to 40 cm. The hairs were divided into segments, each of 2.5 cm, starting from the scalp end and trace elements were analysed in each segment. Concentrations of I, Mg, Ca and Cu increased from the scalp end to the tip. Concentrations of Cl and Br decreased inversely. Different profiles of the concentrations of Hg, Se, Ca and Mn were seen in each sample. These results were discussed with reference to the indication of environmental pollution. PMID- 6523125 TI - The effects of fluoride on animals and plants in the south Safi zone. AB - Fluoride pollution caused by the factories processing natural phosphates 10 km south of Safi affects animals and plants. Fluoride concentrations are 4-10 times higher in contaminated plants than in plants from the non-polluted areas. Fluoride levels of 700 ppm, 280 ppm, 75 ppm, 25 ppm, and 1.6 ppm were found in grass, forage, straw, barley caryopses and drinking water, respectively. The ingestion of polluted plants and the inhalation of fluoride (as gases and dusts) induce a high daily intake in animals which show important signs and lesions of dental fluorosis. Serious toxicity signs were also observed in plants. PMID- 6523126 TI - Trace elements in brains of patients with alcohol abuse, endogeneous psychosis and schizophrenia. AB - The concentrations of Co, Fe, Rb, Se and Zn were analysed, by means of neutron activation analysis, in the brains of three patients with alcohol abuse, of one patient with endogeneous psychosis and of one patient with schizophrenia. The patients with alcohol abuse suffered from the Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome. The data were compared with results from brains which were not diseased ("normals"). Patients with alcohol abuse had diminished values of rubidium in nearly all analysed samples of cerebral nuclei (greater than 30% compared to normals), whereas the Rb values were normal or diminished in cortical regions. The cobalt values were reduced (greater than 20%) in eight out of 14 nuclei and in five out of nine cortical regions. Differences in the Fe and Se values were mainly located in the cerebral nuclei. In the caudate nucleus the patient with endogeneous psychosis had highly significant elevated values of all analysed elements. The element concentrations of the patient with schizophrenia did not significantly differ from those of normal controls. The loss of nearly all elements was conspicuous in those regions which show neuro-pathological cell degeneration or atrophy in the case of Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome. This loss of element concentrations in patients with alcohol abuse is interpreted as a loss of cellular vitality. PMID- 6523127 TI - Incidence of Legionella organisms in selected Ontario (Canada) cities. AB - The distribution of Legionella pneumophila in water inside buildings was examined by means of culture methods. Cooling tower sumps and condenser valves harboured the organism at the highest frequency and in the highest concentrations. The bacterium was also frequently isolated from potable water systems, including hot and cold mixed taps, drinking water fountains and showers. When water quality parameters were examined, only elevated pH, total particulate nitrogen and alkalinity were correlated with the occurrence of L. pneumophila. Survival of the organism in water was increased at slightly basic pH and lower temperatures. The proliferation of the organism in water within buildings is probably due to a number of interrelated environmental factors that influence its survival and growth. PMID- 6523128 TI - Mutagenicity of coal tar paints used in drinking water distribution systems. AB - The aim of this study was to evaluate the mutagenicity of coal tar paints used for coating drinking water tanks and pipes, as a preliminary screening for potential genotoxic hazards associated with leaching of mutagens into drinking water during water storage and distribution. To this end, the Salmonella/microsome assay was performed on different fractions of two paints. The fractions were obtained using different fractionation procedures (a sequential solvent extraction and an acid-base fractionation) for removing the presence of inhibitory components. Both fractionation procedures confirmed an extraordinarily high mutagenicity in both paints, with metabolic activation, much higher than the mutagenicity of the unfractionated paints. The acid-base fractionation was more time-consuming but gave higher mutagenicity recoveries and provided information as to the general nature of the genotoxic constituents, which were concentrated in the neutral fractions. On the other hand, the sequential solvent extraction by sonication was a shorter and simpler method and permitted to reveal the presence of direct-acting mutagens. It is concluded that the application of the Salmonella/microsome assay coupled with both fractionation methods may give complementary and confirmatory data on the genotoxic properties of these coal based paints, as a screening of the potential mutagenic/carcinogenic hazards derived from these materials used in drinking water distribution systems. PMID- 6523129 TI - Health and environmental implications of trace metals released from coal-fired power plants: an assessment study of the situation in the European Community. AB - In the European Community (EC) the anticipated increased use of coal for power production will lead to an increase in the release of trace metals into the environment. This release seems unlikely to cause toxicological effects through the food chain, but there may be a possibility of a direct impact on man through inhalation. There are, however, many areas of uncertainty which need to be clarified by further research before a definitive assessment can be made. PMID- 6523130 TI - Mercury in feathers of wild birds from the mercury-polluted area along the shore of the Shiranui Sea, Japan. AB - Total mercury content in the feathers of 95 stuffed, wild birds collected all over the shore of the Shiranui Sea (where Minamata disease occurred in many towns and villages in the 1960's) was measured. They were collected over 25 years, from 1955 to 1980. They showed relatively high mercury levels till the late 1970's, although drainage of waste water containing methylmercury from the Chisso Corporation's Minamata Factory was stopped in 1968. In addition, a strong correlation between feeding habits and mercury content was observed; thus the five groups in order of diminishing mercury content were: fish-eating sea birds (mean +/- SD = 7.1 +/- 3.7 ppm, n = 14), omnivorous water fowl (5.5 +/- 5.6 ppm, n = 17), predatory birds (3.6 +/- 2.9 ppm, n = 16), omnivorous terrestrial birds (1.5 +/- 1.2 ppm, n = 31), and herbivorous water fowl (0.9 +/- 0.4 ppm, n = 17). Mercury content of the feathers of omnivorous terrestrial birds in the Shiranui Sea was exceedingly high compared with those in China and Korea. The findings in the present study suggest that stuffed, wild birds may be a good index of past environmental pollution. PMID- 6523131 TI - An overview of environmental and toxicological aspects of aromatic hydrocarbons. I. Benzene. AB - The salient aspects of the exposure to benzene were reviewed via an initial examination of the production, use, occurrence and dispersion of benzene, as well as populations at potential risk. Although benzene is ubiquitous in the environment, the major source of benzene in ambient air is via its use and occurrence in gasolines and subsequent emissions. Exposure to benzene in the general population is suggested to be several orders of magnitude less than to occupational cohorts. Levels of benzene exposure in the workplace have dropped considerably from that which was manifest in the 1940-1950 decade (e.g., 10-100 ppm) also due to the decreasing use of benzene as a solvent. The effects on humans and animals as well as genetic effects of benzene were also reviewed following an initial consideration of its absorption and elimination. The toxic effects on the hemopoietic system were cited with special consideration to the long-term exposure to benzene and the occurrence of leukemia. PMID- 6523132 TI - Transition metals in human cancer II. AB - Many of the trace metals are associated with enzymes involved in vital physiological roles. It would therefore seem reasonable to expect alterations in the levels of certain elements to be associated with cancer. Secondly, their levels would indicate whether or not they have a direct influence on the proton spin-lattice relaxation time (T1), as determined by pulsed nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (NMR). The results obtained on leukaemic bone marrow and oesophageal cancer were reported earlier. In the present work is reported the data obtained for the levels of the transition elements Fe, Zn, Mn and Cu in human cancers of other regions of the body. The role of trace metals has been discussed from the point of view both of their value as markers of malignancy, and of the elevation of proton spin-lattice relaxation times. PMID- 6523133 TI - Environmental lead exposure of an urban Indian population. AB - Environmental lead exposure of the Greater Bombay population has been estimated by measuring lead concentrations in air particulates, water, food and cigarette smoke. Atmospheric lead concentrations in different zones of the city varied between 82 and 605 ng m-3. The dietary intake of lead is estimated to be 245 micrograms day-1 and is calculated from the lead content in different food groups and the amount of that group consumed by an average resident of the city. The uptake by a non-smoker living in the city area is estimated to be 33 micrograms of lead per day, 75% of which comes from food, 15% from air and 10% from water. For a suburban resident 85% of the lead intake comes from food. The blood lead measurements and the contribution of atmospheric lead to the blood lead level are discussed. PMID- 6523134 TI - Blood lead, behaviour and intelligence test performance in preschool children. AB - A variety of measures of behaviour and cognitive performance were taken on a group of preschool children together with a sample of venous blood. The relationship between blood lead and intelligence was small and statistically non significant after controlling for other factors influencing cognitive performance. PMID- 6523135 TI - Heavy metal uptake and intracellular binding in isolated gill preparations of Mytilus galloprovincialis L. AB - An in vitro study was performed on the uptake and subsequent binding to protein of heavy metals in isolated gill preparations of Mytilus galloprovincialis. The metals used in the study were Cd, Zn, Hg, V, Cr, Te, Tl, As and Tc. Experiments were conducted for one hour and the disappearance of metals from the water correlated with final gill-metal concentrations. Distribution of metal between 105,000 g cytosol and pellet was determined, as was the association of each metal with cytosol protein following gel-filtration chromatography. Results indicate that all metals are accumulated by the gills but that the uptake kinetics vary with each metal. Similarly, the association of each metal to protein varied for each type. PMID- 6523137 TI - R plasmid-borne transferable multiple antibiotic resistance in a clinical isolate of Proteus sp in Peninsular Malaysia. PMID- 6523136 TI - Glutathione S-transferase in aquatic macro-invertebrates and its interaction with different organic micropollutants. AB - In higher organisms, glutathione S-transferase (GST) plays a key role in the detoxification of a large number of xenobiotics. In the present work the presence of GST in aquatic macro-invertebrates and its possible significance as a detoxification mechanism of organic micropollutants in the aquatic environment is investigated. So far, GST has been found in 20 macro-invertebrates (in adults as well as in larvae) and in insects as well as in other animal groups. The GST activities were relatively high, ranging from 10 to 600% of the activity found in rat liver. The interaction of quinones, o-chloranil and chlorophenoxyalkyl acids with the GST activity, in extracts from three different macro-invertebrates, revealed an inhibition which was quite similar to that previously found for rat liver GST. In Tubifex tubifex extracts at least three different GST isoenzymes could be demonstrated. These partially purified isoenzymes were used for the kinetic analysis of GST inhibition by 2,4-dichlorophenoxyalkyl acid and 1,4 benzoquinone, using Lineweaver--Burk plots. The same kinetic patterns were observed as for rat liver GST. The results demonstrate that the interactions of the compounds investigated with aquatic macro-invertebrate and with rat liver GST are in very good agreement. It is concluded that macro-invertebrate GST can play a key role in the detoxification of organic micropollutants in the aquatic environment. PMID- 6523138 TI - Radioiodine (I-131) treatment of hyperthyroidism and subsequent hypothyroidism. PMID- 6523139 TI - Psychosocial aspects of nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients. PMID- 6523140 TI - Rapid diagnosis of bacterial meningitis by coagglutination. PMID- 6523141 TI - Some aspects of sexual knowledge and sexual behaviour of local women. Results of a survey III petting. PMID- 6523142 TI - Systemic lupus erythematosus in Oriental males. A clinical profile. PMID- 6523143 TI - Immediate hypersensitivity reaction to tuberculin on skin-prick testing in tuberculous patients. PMID- 6523145 TI - Intraocular lens for the correction of aphakia. PMID- 6523144 TI - Computed tomography in oral and maxillofacial surgery. PMID- 6523146 TI - Temporary spontaneous regression of lung cancer. PMID- 6523147 TI - Viral hepatitis B induced haemolytic anaemia in a patient with normal glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase--a case report. PMID- 6523148 TI - Age, education and illness behaviour of patients undergoing haemodialysis. PMID- 6523149 TI - Economic aspects of parasitic diseases. PMID- 6523150 TI - The application of a quantitative approach to the assessment of the relative importance of vector and soil transmitted diseases in Ghana. AB - The vector and soil transmitted parasitic infections produce a highly diverse group of diseases in terms of the importance of their impact upon human populations and in terms of the control methods that might limit that impact. In Ghana a method was developed for quantitatively assessing the relative importance of different disease problems by estimating the amount of healthy life lost through illness, disability and death as a result of each disease. The quantitative assessment is derived from information on incidence rate, case fatality rate and the extent and duration of disability produced by the disease. The method may be used to help decide the priorities for the allocation of resources to alternative procedures or programmes by calculating the amount of healthy days of life which may be saved by different approaches and then relating these savings to the costs of the approaches. Each of the vector and soil transmitted parasitic diseases in Ghana had special characteristics that influenced the estimates of their relative importance. Attribution of death due to malaria posed special problems, but even with the most conservative estimate malaria was the single most important cause of loss of healthy life of all diseases in Ghana. For schistosomiasis there is such great uncertainty concerning how much disability or mortality that results from infection that the relative importance of schistosomiasis could not be usefully estimated; thus research into the extent of disability and death caused by schistosomiasis should have a very high priority if rational allocation of resources for its control is to be achieved. Onchocerciasis, though not generally considered an important cause of mortality, is an important cause of chronic severe disability. The importance of ascariasis and hookworm remain uncertain both because of the lack of information as to the extent of disability and mortality that they produce and the lack of data in Ghana as to their prevalence and intensity of infection. Guinea worm was of little importance from the national point of view, but was highly important in focal areas. Trypanosomiasis would appear to be of minor importance because its incidence was quite low, but for an epidemic disease such as trypanosomiasis the importance must be estimated based on what would occur if there were not effective surveillance and control methods. Diverse though this group of parasitic diseases is a common thesis is that each has been relatively neglected in relation to its importance and for each a considerable reduction in loss of healthy life should be achievable at reasonable cost. PMID- 6523151 TI - Socioeconomic factors associated with malaria in Colombia. AB - In spite of progress made to control tropical diseases many developing countries in the world still show high rates of incidence. A program for malaria eradication has been in operation in Colombia since 1953, and the malaria incidence rate was falling until 1971. However, in recent years the rate has begun to rise again in affected areas of the country. The resurgence of the disease leads one to think that traditional methods of controlling it are approaching the saturation point, and a reassessment of the determinants of the problem is needed in order to identify social and economic factors that might be playing an important role by themselves or in association with epidemiological or health determinants of the disease. The purpose of this paper is to present a methodology which is being applied to the analysis of social, economic and health determinants of malaria incidence in Colombia. The model is theoretically based on a home economics framework. However, an expansion of the original version is made to take into account social and organizational factors which are thought to be important in the Colombian case. Economic variables included in the testing of the model are income, wealth and occupation. Social variables include education and housing conditions. Health factors considered are nutrition and health services. The model is tested using data collected in July 1982 in one of the most malaria affected areas of Colombia, and preliminary results are presented. PMID- 6523152 TI - Socio-economic problems related to animal trypanosomiasis in Africa. AB - Animal trypanosomiasis is one of the major constraints of rural development in Africa. If trypanosomiasis did not exist in these areas, it is estimated that some regions could carry 3-5 times more livestock. Chemotherapy and chemoprophylaxis are old methods used to tackle the problem and are still valuable, provided the number of interventions is limited. Tse-tse fly control is a very useful tool to combat trypanosomiasis but expensive. The sterile male release technique is not economically feasible on a wide scale. Immunization or vaccination is not yet available. Trypanotolerance is a biological phenomenon; it seems to be a valid method, which allow African countries to keep and increase livestock within economically feasible conditions; but inevitably it will be a long exercise. PMID- 6523154 TI - Scholarship, freedom and brain drain in Africa. PMID- 6523153 TI - Cooperation between developing countries and the pharmaceutical industry in the control of parasitic diseases: a proposal for a practical approach. AB - In this paper a pragmatic approach to the cooperation between developing countries and the pharmaceutical industry is proposed. This approach is based upon a division of tasks between the partners involved, thus maximizing the output through optimal use of each partner's capabilities. In the model proposed here, the pharmaceutical industry remains responsible for continued therapeutic research and development. These efforts are rewarded by the industry's transfers of active ingredients to pharmaceutical production plants. Pharmaceutical production and packaging plants can be decentralized and located in developing countries. Local organized integrated health care programs are the clients of the regional pharmaceutical plants. These programs can be coordinated and sponsored by national and international agencies and organizations. It is suggested that the transactions, possibly with the exception of the delivery of the products to the patients, be concluded along principles of the market economy. Dirigism and bureaucracy must be avoided. PMID- 6523155 TI - Going up in smoke: the case of British American tobacco in Kenya. AB - Faced in the developed world by increasing restrictions on cigarette advertising and sales, and with declining markets, the tobacco transnationals are opening up new markets in developing countries, where they face few controls and little health education. As cigarette sales increase in the Third World, so does the evidence of an increasing incidence of smoking-related diseases. This paper considers the case study of BAT (Kenya) Ltd, a subsidiary of the London-based transnational, which since 1974 has encouraged both local leaf production and increased cigarette sales in Kenya. We examine: the relationship between BAT (K) and the Kenya state, the recruitment of farmers into the leaf growing scheme, how BAT (K)'s directorships interlock with those of other leading Kenyan firms and the implications of these for the company's power and influence; BAT (K)'s marketing strategies, how successful they have been, and how they compare with codes of conduct agreed in developed countries; and we estimate the likely success of possible strategies to combat the smoking hazard in Kenya. We conclude that although BAT (K) might make minor concessions to the "health lobby' in Kenya, it is sufficiently powerful, and the leaf growing programme is given sufficient Government support, as to make fundamental changes unlikely in the near future. PMID- 6523156 TI - Opinions on mental illness in Israel. AB - The study used the Cohen and Struening OMI questionnaire to survey the opinions on mental illness and the mentally ill in Israel's population, and identify underlying domains behind these opinions. Factor analyzing the Israeli respondents' scores on the OMI questionnaire, there was found to be marked similarity in the gestalts underlying the opinions on mental illness in Israel and those found in numerous studies in the U.S.A. The study identified four distinct domains behind people's opinions on mental illness in Israel: social restrictiveness, mental health ideology, authoritarianism and interpersonal etiology. The paper reports the mean score on each of the OMI questionnaire items. These data suggest that people in Israel hold dual, inconsistent opinions on the mentally ill. On the one hand they showed a great deal of liberalism, tolerance and human orientation on issues concerning the treatment of mental illness, their civil rights and their acceptance into the main stream of society. On the other hand, the respondents demonstrated fear, mistrust and rejection of the mentally ill on issues concerning close, more intimate involvement with them. The study found opinions on the mentally ill to be affected by people's education, age and religiosity. PMID- 6523157 TI - Decision making in professional associations. AB - Processes for decision making by large groups such as professional associations have not adapted rapidly to the growing complexity of the situations those associations face. This paper describes a ten-step procedure which has enabled professional bodies to engage a large sample of their constituency in extensive planning exercises. These planning workshops addressed a wide range of complex issues, many of which were sensitive and threatening. The steps comprised identifying the problems, collating the agenda, analysis of the issues raised, deriving a structured sequence of tasks, pre-circulating papers, forming working groups, providing adequate time and facilities in a suitable setting for effective workshop activity, ensuring communication among groups within the workshop, managing the plenary reporting and consensus seeking, plus recording and circulating the report back to members. Groups worked cooperatively and constructively without evidence of intragroup competition, which reflects both the homogeneity of purpose within those professions and the effect of strong task structuring. PMID- 6523158 TI - Obstacles to successful fertility control in Nigeria. AB - Despite the fact that modern family planning activities in Nigeria date back to the 1950s, data on fertility are indicative of relatively high levels in the country. This paper reviews some data on fertility levels in Nigeria; it then focuses on family planning activities and examines some of the conditions encouraging pronatalist attitude among couples in Nigeria. PMID- 6523159 TI - The utilisation of preschool health and education services. AB - The distribution of the utilisation of health and education services during the period from birth to 5 years was studied in a birth cohort of New Zealand children. Overall patterns of service utilisation showed the presence of considerable inequities with children in the lowest 8% of the distribution receiving seven or fewer of the available services in contrast to the children in the top 8% of the distribution who received in excess of 15 services. Patterns of service utilisation showed a clear tendency to vary with the child's social and familial characteristics with children from socially disadvantaged home backgrounds, unplanned and later born children, children from economically depressed home environments and children in families facing various forms of stress and adversity showing a clear tendency to receive less care than other children. Path modelling of the results suggested that the child's family social background and family composition made the largest direct contributions to variations in rates of service utilisation with family economic situation and levels of adversity having smaller but nonetheless statistically significant effects. It is concluded that the findings provide a clear case study of the way in which well intentioned social policies may emphasise rather than eliminate inequities in the care received by children. PMID- 6523160 TI - Obstacles to the practice of licensed lay midwifery. AB - Intensive interviews with licensed lay midwives in one of ten states that have recently reactivated and revised legislation legalizing such alternative practitioners for low risk clientele revealed a number of obstacles to their practice. The obstacles stem from the same rules and regulations developed by medical practitioners that made their homebirth service legal. Even after surmounting the difficulties of obtaining a license, the midwives find widespread unwillingness among private physicians to provide the required prenatal screening examination and medical back-up. The opposition of physicians to the licensed midwifery program is voiced in terms of concern about the safety of homebirths, particularly those attended by nonphysicians. Yet, the outcomes from the first 4 years of the program give no support for such concerns. Physician reluctance to cooperate with the legal program, combined with restrictions prohibiting the licensed midwives from suturing minor tears and administering a single dose of an antihemorrhagic drug in an emergency transfer, do compromise the overall quality of midwifery care. While accepting their subordinate position to medical practitioners, the midwives are struggling to establish the continuum of care for homebirth women implied in their licensure law. PMID- 6523161 TI - What is, must be best: a research note on conservative or deferential responses to antenatal care provision. AB - During a study of innovations in antenatal care it was found that overall levels of satisfaction with care were high. Pregnant women appeared to assume that whatever arrangements they had experienced were the best arrangements possible and to be negative about innovations until they had experienced them. This response, which may be due to conservatism or deference, is examined in relation to aspects of general practice and hospital care, and its implications for the evaluation of health care are discussed. PMID- 6523163 TI - The bystander in highway injury accidents. AB - The response of the bystander, or passerby, at the scene of an injury highway accident is an important but neglected aspect of an emergency medical system. Delays in notification, or long distances, may cause an ambulance to take a half hour or more to get to a crash site, particularly in a rural area. Until medical help arrives there may be a need for someone willing and capable of providing basic life support for the injured. Good Samaritan laws alone cannot be expected to encourage positive bystander responses. What might help is an awareness of the problem and forethought on the part of individuals and communities. PMID- 6523162 TI - Pregnancy, labor and body image in the United States. AB - Although substantial research has been done showing how alienation (which in Ollman's terms means that "an essential tie has been cut in the middle") manifests itself in the domain of human labor, little has been done to discover how similar processes might operate in other domains. I examine women's images of their bodies while they are pregnant, using Lakoff and Johnson's method of looking for metaphors that are presupposed in our ordinary language. I uncover several central images, all of which display a marked sense of separation of self from the parts of the body, and a passive stance in which events are described as happening to rather than being brought about by the speaker. Turning to written texts, I find that the literature on childbirth (from opposite ends of the spectrum--popular literature advocating prepared childbirth on one end and obstetrical texts for medical students on the other) holds an assumption in common: that the uterus is an involuntary muscle. This is so despite evidence to the contrary cited in the texts themselves. I explore the implications of this imagery for obstetrical treatment of 'uterine inertia' and show the similarity between this imagery and ideas about women's physiology that were current in the 19th century. PMID- 6523165 TI - The embodiment of social relations in coronary heart disease. AB - Recent work on the behaviour pattern characteristic of men developing coronary heart disease (CHD) has been aimed at increasing the predictive utility of methods designed to assess 'proneness' and at refining the Type A typology. This has had the indirect effect of restricting the elaboration of theory relating to clinical evidence drawing upon the personal and social context of CHD. This paper reviews such evidence and concludes that explanations of 'coronary-prone behaviour' should acknowledge that it is embedded in particular uses of the body and in particular forms of social relationship. Based upon this premise, a conceptual analysis is presented to demonstrate that 'coronary proneness' is insufficiently described as a behaviour pattern, but is more usefully considered as a mode of action constituting a contradiction in the person's social relationships. It is further proposed that the bodily style of many CHD patients is necessarily understood as an expression of the development of this modality. PMID- 6523166 TI - A scale to measure physician beliefs about psychosocial aspects of patient care. AB - This report describes the development and initial validation of a self-report instrument designed to measure beliefs about psychosocial aspects of patient care held by primary care physicians. The strategy used was borrowed from psychological measurement: a rational scale was constructed based on an existing theoretical framework concerning the physician's role, what the patient wants and physicians' reactions to their patients as people. The validation step compared scale scores obtained by diverse groups of providers. Psychometric characteristics of the Physician Belief Scale are adequate: scores follow an approximately normal distribution with the mean near the midpoint of possible scores. Lower scores on the Scale represent a more psychosocial approach to patient care. Initial construct validation was successful: physicians from four disciplines obtained scores congruent with expectations about the psychosocial orientations of the disciplines. A reliable and valid measure has been developed to assess physicians' psychosocial beliefs. The instrument may be used to evaluate effectiveness of behavioral science teaching, describing regional or other differences in physician beliefs within and between specialties and estimating changes in provider beliefs. PMID- 6523164 TI - Neighborhood variations in the use of hospital emergency rooms for primary care. AB - The purpose of the paper is to analyze neighborhood variations in the use of emergency rooms (ERs) as settings for primary care within Oklahoma County, part of the Oklahoma City MSA. The location of patients taken from a sample of ER records in four large hospitals were aggregated to census tracts. Tract visitation rates were estimated and related to the socio-economic character and the relative location of the tracts for two periods--'physicians' office hours' and 'non-office hours'. The results show that for the city as a whole primary care use in emergency rooms is associated with the socio-economic status and relative location of a residential area. Tracts with lower socio-economic status have higher rates of emergency rooms use for primary care than those of higher status. This relationship is true both during physicians' office hours as well as during the times their offices are closed. When visitation rates are analyzed separately for individual hospitals, location rather than neighborhood socio economic characteristics is paramount. It was concluded that while primary care visits to emergency rooms are higher in lower socio-economic status neighborhoods, and that this is a function of the more accessible location of emergency rooms to these neighborhoods as well as to socio-economic effects on use. PMID- 6523167 TI - New evidence on fluoridation. AB - An overview, developed following a world study tour on fluoridation, is presented. Differences in attitudes and practice in various countries are outlined. Some of the possible reasons for these differences are discussed, together with recent evidence which could change the perceived balance of risks and benefit which determine one's judgement on fluoridation. Such a value judgement is essentially a subjective one, influenced but not determined by scientific knowledge. The fluoridation controversy and the case for fluoridation, in the light of this changed balance, is examined. PMID- 6523168 TI - Transfer rate of transplacental immunity to tetanus from non-immunized and immunized mothers. AB - Tetanus antitoxin was quantitatively measured in 912 pregnant women by indirect hemagglutination test. The mothers who received no dose, one dose and two doses of tetanus toxoid were 64.6%, 10.1% and 25.3% respectively. The percentage of mothers with protective antibodies in the groups receiving none, one, and two doses of tetanus toxoid were 95.4, 100 and 100. The level of protective antibody in the newborn and the magnitude of transfer rate of passive immunity to tetanus depended directly upon the level of tetanus antitoxin in maternal serum. Mothers who had tetanus antitoxin of 1.28 IU/ml or more could transfer protection to almost all of the newborns (97%-100%) irrespective of doses of tetanus toxoid administration. However, mothers who had received two doses of tetanus toxoid during pregnancy not only confer good protection but also transfer a high tetanus antitoxin levels to their newborns. PMID- 6523169 TI - HLA and filariasis in Sri Lankans and Indians. AB - Similar HLA association was found in patients with elephantiasis in Sri Lankans and Southern Indians. HLA-B15 was observed in 13/44 (30%) Sri Lankan patients with elephantiasis compared to 1/27 (4%) Sri Lankan controls (p = .0058; RR = 10.9) and in 5/8 (28%) Southern Indian elephantiasis compared to 10/101 (10%) Southern Indian controls (p = 0.04; RR = 3.5). In combining the data, the significance of the difference of the frequency of B15 between patients with elephantiasis and controls was even more marked (p = 0.00045; corrected p = 0.012; RR = 4.4). PMID- 6523170 TI - Serological evidence of schistosomiasis among Orang Asli from three areas of Peninsular Malaysia. AB - Using ELISA and COPT diagnostic tests, serological evidence of Malaysian schistosomiasis was discovered among Orang Asli populations from three areas in Peninsular Malaysia. Serum samples collected in 1975 indicated an ELISA-positive prevalence of 25% and a COPT prevalence of 11% from Pos Iskandar, Pahang and an ELISA prevalence of 13% and a COPT of 4% from Bukit Lanjan, Selangor. Resurveys at these site in 1982-1984 showed a continued presence of serological positive individuals but prevalence rates were markedly lower: 7% and 1% for ELISA and 4% and 2% for COPT at Pos Iskandar and Bukit Lanjan respectively. Snail hosts were not found at either site. The source of infection for persons living in these lowland areas remains unknown. In a third area, Kuala Tahan, Pahang, located in the foothills of the central mountain range, foci of transmission have been found near to Orang Asli settlements. The serological prevalence rate among Negrito Orang Asli in that study area was 9% for ELISA and 4% for COPT. Thirty-three of 36 COPT-positive sera produced vacuolated bleb precipates and in 31 these were the only reactions seen. The high percentage of positives producing only these precipates suggests that among Orang Asli schistosomiasis patients such reactions are not an indication of recently acquired infection as has been reported for schistosomiasis patients in the Philippines. PMID- 6523171 TI - A simple and rapid diagnostic test for typhoid fever. AB - Barber protein sensitized latex particles were used in the latex agglutination test for the diagnosis of typhoid fever and the result compared with that of Widal 'O' and 'H' agglutination test. The latex agglutination test was positive in all 20 bacteriologically proved typhoid patients, in 81 of 85 (95.3%) typhoid suspected patients, and only in 2 of 85 (2.3%) blood donors. In contrast, the positive rates were 60% for both 'O' and 'H' Widal agglutinations in bacteriologically proved typhoid patients, 34.2% and 71.7% respectively in typhoid suspected patients, and none of blood donors were positive. The sensitivity and specificity of the latex agglutination test were 100% and 97.6% respectively with positive and negative predictive values of 90.9% and 100% respectively. The latex agglutination test may be particularly useful for the presumptive diagnosis of typhoid fever in remote health centres. PMID- 6523172 TI - The occurrence of Salmonellae in house shrews and rats in Ipoh, Malaysia. AB - House shrews (Suncus murinus) and rats (Rattus rattus diardii), trapped during a survey period from July 1978 to December 1979 and thereafter on a random basis, from residences within and outside the Veterinary Research Institute, Ipoh, Malaysia campus, were bacteriologically examined for the presence of salmonellae. Of the 55 shrews and 8 rats examined, 39 (71%) shrews and 2 (25%) rats were found positive. There were 46 Salmonella isolates which included 5 dual infections. These were serotyped as S. weltevreden, S. bareilly, S. stanley, S. augustenborg, S. hvittingfoss, S. emek, S. paratyphi B, S. ohio and S. matopeni in order of frequency of isolation. The significance of these findings especially with regard to salmonellosis in man and animals is discussed. PMID- 6523173 TI - Intestinal parasites in pediatric patients with diarrhoeal diseases in Bangkok. AB - Stool examinations of 147 pediatric patients with diarrhoeal disease were carried out at Siriraj Hospital, Bangkok by using the direct-smear technique. Stool of 27 patients (18.4%) were positive for intestinal parasites. Children under one year of age were free of intestinal helminths and protozoa. Parasites were equally prevalent in males and females and without any age group predilection. The prevalence of intestinal parasites were Entamoeba histolytica 6.8%, Giardia lamblia 6.1%, others were Ascaris lumbricoides, hookworm, Trichuris trichiura and Balantidium coli. Although the incidence of parasitism was not high as to be the main causatic agent of pediatric diarrhoea, the intestinal parasites may increase susceptibility to infection with other intestinal pathogens. The diagnosis of intestinal parasitoses can be determined by a simple direct faecal-smear technique and so that specific therapy can be instituted without delay in management of parasite-related diarrhoeas. PMID- 6523174 TI - Treatment of Opisthorchiasis viverrini in hamsters with albendazole. AB - Efficacy of many drugs against Opisthorchis viverrini in man were shown by the percentages of egg reduction and the absence of egg in faeces. In some cases, however, the eggs reappeared after a period of time. The pathological changes of the bile duct could cause partial or even complete obstruction of the bile passages, thus resulting in the occurrence of natural egg reduction. Albendazole, a broad spectrum anthelmintic was used to treat opisthorchiasis viverrini in hamsters. At dosage of 100 mg per kg body weight twice daily for three consecutive days, the drug yielded an average of 81.5% of worm reduction at four months after medication. In this study complete cure was not obtained. PMID- 6523175 TI - Reinfection and infection rates of ascariasis in relation to seasonal variation in the Philippines. AB - Stool examinations of 320 primary school children for eggs of Ascaris revealed a prevalence of 74.0 percent. Reinfection and infection rates were determined on a monthly basis with egg-positive subjects treated correspondingly. Due to dropouts of subjects, only 154 children completed the 12-month observation. About 15% of children remained negative after treatment during one year but 85% got reinfected, with those reinfected only once being the highest then those reinfected twice, followed by those reinfected more than twice in a year. Of the 203 Ascaris worms collected 69% were females and 31% were males with a sex ratio of 2.4 females to one male; 73% were mature and 27% were immature females; 70% were mature and 30% were immature males; mean number of worms per child was 2.6. The mean length and weight of female was 22.9 cm and 3.6 gms respectively while for males it was 16.1 cm and 1.7 gm respectively. The graph showing amount of rainfall, reinfection and infection rates of ascariasis revealed the presence of two major peaks both in the reinfection and infection rates noted in December January and May-June. Likewise, the rainfall also peaked twice namely in August and October. It appears that ascariasis reinfection or transmission is highest when rainfall is minimal and lowest when rainfall is at its highest peak. Based on the peaks of reinfection and infection, it is suggested the school children be dewormed in June and in December each year for at least three years. PMID- 6523176 TI - Cell-bound haemagglutinin (CHA) of V. cholerae 01 as protective antigen. AB - The study of immunogenicity of cell-bound haemagglutinin (CHA) of Vibrio cholerae E1 Tor in mice revealed that the CHA was a good antigen when it was adsorbed onto the surface of sheep red blood cells and given orally to mice. The antigen not only induced high levels of various class antibodies which sustained in the intestinal tracts for a long period of time (longer than 6 months) but also the antibodies were protective against homologous cholera challenge. The degree of protection seems to correlate with the level of IgA in the intestinal washing. The protective ability was conferred mainly by anti-CHA. PMID- 6523177 TI - Cardiac abnormalities in the thalassaemia syndromes. AB - Cardiac complications are the leading cause of death in patients with the thalassaemia syndromes. The cardiac abnormalities may be the result of chronic anaemia or iron overload. The cardiac status was evaluated in 30 patients with thalassaemia to determine whether the structural and functional changes could be related to the degree of anaemia or to other factors suggesting iron overload. Clinical, radiological, electrocardiographic and echocardiographic methods were employed. The study provided evidence that cardiac abnormalities were due to undertransfusion. Echocardiography provides a reliable, noninvasive means of assessing cardiac abnormalities in patients with thalassaemia. PMID- 6523178 TI - Laboratory studies on the susceptibility of Blattella germanica and Periplaneta americana to Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis. PMID- 6523179 TI - Occurrence of Austroglycyphagus malaysiensis on the egg laying bowl of Culex quinquefasciatus. PMID- 6523180 TI - Cathaemasia cabrerai sp.N. (Trematoda: Cathaemasiidae) a new parasite of man in the Philippines. PMID- 6523181 TI - Prevalence of Giardia lamblia and its effect on hematological profile in asymptomatic school children. PMID- 6523182 TI - [Evaluation of hypertensive status and measures to control it]. PMID- 6523183 TI - [Temporary disability in hypertension among rolling mill workers in a metallurgical plant]. PMID- 6523184 TI - [Evaluation of demographic losses of cohorts by constructing life span tables]. PMID- 6523185 TI - [Automated system for evaluating the activities of scientific institutions]. PMID- 6523186 TI - [Use of automated systems in mass screening of the population]. PMID- 6523187 TI - [Organization of endoscopic examinations of outpatients and inpatients]. PMID- 6523188 TI - [Health education in the work of a physician]. PMID- 6523189 TI - [Hygienic instruction of a family in the breast feeding of infants]. PMID- 6523190 TI - [Organization of rehabilitative treatment for children in polyclinics]. PMID- 6523191 TI - [Increasing the level of practical training of interns]. PMID- 6523192 TI - [Development of a healthy life style]. PMID- 6523193 TI - [Social hygienic aspects of industrial production in relation to the scientific technological revolution]. PMID- 6523194 TI - [Social-hygienic study of children in young families]. PMID- 6523195 TI - [Intensified use of the bed supply]. PMID- 6523196 TI - [Volume and nature of the activities of the receiving department of an emergency care hospital]. PMID- 6523197 TI - [Current issues in health education]. PMID- 6523198 TI - [Health education and occupational therapy at a surgical department]. PMID- 6523199 TI - [Experimental course for advanced training in management problems]. PMID- 6523200 TI - [Outcome of acute viral hepatitis B]. PMID- 6523201 TI - [Endonasal seduxan-electrophoresis in the treatment of the hypothalamo-vegetative visceral syndrome]. PMID- 6523203 TI - [Diagnostic algorithm of pruritus]. PMID- 6523202 TI - [Prevention of post-abortion complications]. PMID- 6523204 TI - [Roentgen diagnosis of diverticulosis of the large intestines]. PMID- 6523205 TI - [Rupture of a pancreatic artery aneurysm into the left pleural cavity]. PMID- 6523206 TI - [Diabetes mellitus and mucormycosis]. PMID- 6523207 TI - [Erythrocyte membrane permeability for sodium in hypertonic disease and renal hypertension]. PMID- 6523208 TI - [Allergic reactions in the nephrotic syndrome in children]. PMID- 6523209 TI - [Use of vasodilators in post-infarction mitral insufficiency]. PMID- 6523210 TI - [Autologous macrophages in the combined therapy of patients with chronic obstructive lung diseases]. PMID- 6523211 TI - [Prognostic criteria of the work capacity of patients with ischemic heart disease]. PMID- 6523213 TI - [Effect of clophelin on the hemodynamics of patients with circulatory insufficiency]. PMID- 6523214 TI - [The hypophyseal-thyroid system in myocardial infarction]. PMID- 6523212 TI - [Optimization of functional respiration studies during mass clinical examination of the population]. PMID- 6523215 TI - [Various schemes for the treatment of Hodgkin's disease]. PMID- 6523216 TI - [Postoperative thrombosis of the mesenteric veins]. PMID- 6523217 TI - [Repeat closed cranio-cerebral trauma in children]. PMID- 6523218 TI - [Long-term results of early synovectomy of the knee joint]. PMID- 6523219 TI - [Diphtheria in adults]. PMID- 6523220 TI - [Diphtheria of the throat in adults hospitalized for tonsillitis]. PMID- 6523221 TI - [Clinico-morphological study of the stomach in adolescents who had acute viral hepatitis]. PMID- 6523223 TI - [Clinical manifestations of Amanita phalloides poisoning]. PMID- 6523222 TI - [Blood prostaglandins in food toxicoinfections]. PMID- 6523224 TI - [Method of treating benign tumors of the long tubular bones]. PMID- 6523225 TI - [Retroperitoneal mesenchymoma]. PMID- 6523226 TI - [Hypereosinophilic leukemoid reaction in strongyloidiasis]. PMID- 6523227 TI - [Drug therapy of urination disorders]. PMID- 6523228 TI - [Furosemide loading in hypertension]. PMID- 6523229 TI - [Prevention of suppurative-inflammatory complications of postoperative wounds with a high risk of suppuration]. PMID- 6523230 TI - [Endolymphatic antibiotic therapy of inflammatory infiltrates of the abdominal cavity]. PMID- 6523231 TI - [Removal of bile acids by the method of hemosorption and lymphosorption in patients with extrahepatic cholestasis]. PMID- 6523232 TI - [Possibilities of endoscopic diagnosis and treatment of acute complications of gastric and duodenal ulcer]. PMID- 6523233 TI - [Thyrotropic and thyroid hormones in thyroid cancer patients after non-radical surgery]. PMID- 6523234 TI - [Prognostic significance of the phenomenon of detection of modified effects in viral hepatitis B]. PMID- 6523235 TI - [Hypertensive crises]. PMID- 6523236 TI - [Major trends in x-ray diagnosis in gastroenterology]. PMID- 6523237 TI - [Instruction of students at the I. M. Sechenov 1st Moscow Medical Institute]. PMID- 6523238 TI - [Physical properties and expectorability of sputum in chronic bronchitis patients]. PMID- 6523239 TI - [Effect of hyperbaric oxygenation on the exercise tolerance of patients with dust induced bronchitis]. PMID- 6523240 TI - [Method of correcting midline neck deformities as a result of burns]. PMID- 6523241 TI - [Primary multiple cancer of the rectum]. PMID- 6523242 TI - [Treatment of sleep disorders in middle and late-middle aged patients]. PMID- 6523243 TI - [Acute ischio- and pelvorectal paraproctitis. Various questions concerning the clinical picture and therapy]. PMID- 6523244 TI - [Anorectal complications of Crohn's disease]. PMID- 6523245 TI - [Outcomes of treatment of open injuries of the hand and fingers]. PMID- 6523246 TI - [Health education in the school environment. I. Absenteeism in 2 primary schools of the Federal District]. PMID- 6523247 TI - [Evaluation of respiratory damage in a cement-producing region of the Mexican Republic]. PMID- 6523248 TI - [Evaluation of the effect of Mycrodyn, Elibac, Nibac and Trop-Fen on cestode eggs]. PMID- 6523249 TI - [Epidemiologic surveillance of mental disorders]. PMID- 6523250 TI - [Social stratification in Mexican medical education]. PMID- 6523251 TI - [Thyroglobulin antibodies determined by a radioimmunologic method in children and adolescents with thyroid diseases]. PMID- 6523252 TI - [Anatomic variations and anomalies in the tympanic and mastoid part of the facial canal of importance in surgery]. PMID- 6523254 TI - [Arterial anastomoses in the area of the knee]. PMID- 6523253 TI - [Spermicidal effect of organic and nonorganic substances]. PMID- 6523255 TI - [Relation of chronic rhinitis and sinusitis with the chronic obstructive pulmonary syndrome]. PMID- 6523256 TI - [Epileptic manifestations in cerebrovascular patients--acid-base values in arterial blood and cerebrospinal fluid]. PMID- 6523257 TI - [Fetal echocardiography in the 2d half of pregnancy]. PMID- 6523258 TI - [Histological changes in the tracheal wall due to tubes]. PMID- 6523259 TI - [Insulin-dependent diabetes in children associated with other autoimmune diseases]. PMID- 6523260 TI - [Disorders of lipid metabolism in children with chronic kidney insufficiency]. PMID- 6523261 TI - [Variation in the distribution of the sigmoid arterial pedicle]. PMID- 6523263 TI - [Etiologico-topographic classification of peripheral facial paralysis]. PMID- 6523262 TI - [Gonadal function in patients treated with continuous hemodialysis]. PMID- 6523264 TI - [Resuscitation of newborn infants at risk delivered by cesarean section]. PMID- 6523265 TI - [Diagnostic problems in malignant diseases of the ovary]. PMID- 6523266 TI - [Significance of optic neuritis at the onset of multiple sclerosis]. PMID- 6523267 TI - [Disorders of hemostasis in acute viral hepatitis with special reference to disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)]. PMID- 6523268 TI - [Fibromuscular dysplasia of the internal carotid artery as a cause of transient unilateral amaurosis]. PMID- 6523269 TI - [Drug activation and inhibition of epileptic foci--dynamics of (dis)equilibrium and its significance in the treatment of epilepsy]. PMID- 6523270 TI - [Modern concepts in the treatment of epilepsy]. PMID- 6523271 TI - [Normal anatomic structures of the body in the MR tomogram: studies with a 0.35 T superconducting magnet. 1. General imaging characteristics, facial bones, neck, heart and mediastinum]. PMID- 6523272 TI - [Eosinophilic granuloma of bone: differential diagnostic observations on 3 cases]. PMID- 6523273 TI - [Ventilation-perfusion scintigraphy in inoperable bronchial carcinoma treated with radiation]. PMID- 6523274 TI - [Primary mediastinal yolk sac tumor. Problems of diagnosis and therapy]. PMID- 6523275 TI - [Reliability of the rectal mucosa biopsy in detecting aganglionic sections in the rectal wall]. PMID- 6523276 TI - [Elongation of the esophagus in newborn infants with esophageal atresia]. PMID- 6523277 TI - [Cholecystectomy in childhood]. PMID- 6523278 TI - [Experience with intubation of the small intestine in advanced suppurative inflammations of the peritoneum in childhood]. PMID- 6523279 TI - [Injuries of the spleen in children]. PMID- 6523280 TI - [Spontaneous perforation of the duodenum in a newborn infant]. PMID- 6523281 TI - [Antibiotics in the treatment of acute osteomyelitis in children]. PMID- 6523282 TI - [Pitfalls in childhood peritonitis]. PMID- 6523283 TI - [Post-graduate programmed examination in surgery]. PMID- 6523285 TI - [Biliary ileus]. PMID- 6523284 TI - [Ruptures of laparotomy wounds--contribution to the pathophysiology and prevention]. PMID- 6523286 TI - [Peroperative cholangiography and its present importance]. PMID- 6523287 TI - [Orthograde preparation of the large intestine]. PMID- 6523288 TI - [Heath services on Malta from the viewpoint of the surgeon]. PMID- 6523289 TI - [Reconstructive operations for tracheal stenoses and tracheoesophageal fistulas (preliminary report) (I.)]. PMID- 6523290 TI - [The role of the hepatologist in preoperative preparation and postoperative care of patients with liver diseases]. PMID- 6523291 TI - [Tissue allergy and surgical synovectomy in rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 6523292 TI - [Studies on cytotoxicity against synovial cells in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. 1. Cytotoxicity of patients' sera with normal lymphocytes to cultured synovial cells of rats]. PMID- 6523293 TI - [Double filtration plasma exchange in the treatment of lupus nephritis]. PMID- 6523294 TI - [Detection of IgE-rheumatoid factor and its relationship to clinical manifestations of rheumatoid arthritis and vasculitis]. PMID- 6523295 TI - [A case of adult onset juvenile rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 6523296 TI - [A case of systemic lupus erythematosus with akinesia, muscle rigidity and neurogenic bladder]. PMID- 6523297 TI - [Rheumatoid arthritis of the shoulder]. PMID- 6523298 TI - Peripheral venous disorders--changing patterns in management. PMID- 6523299 TI - Injuries to the great veins of the abdomen. PMID- 6523300 TI - Gastric outlet obstruction after Roux-en-Y gastrojejunostomy. PMID- 6523301 TI - Tumours of the salivary glands. The Bloemfontein experience. PMID- 6523302 TI - Malignant melanoma and isolated limb perfusion. PMID- 6523303 TI - The natural history of asymptomatic carotid disease. A preliminary report. PMID- 6523304 TI - Experience with highly selective vagotomy in private practice. PMID- 6523305 TI - The role of the gamma camera in the study of gastric function. PMID- 6523306 TI - Exomphalos--a review and some thoughts on management. PMID- 6523307 TI - Skin and pulmonary models using coated bentonite particles for the study of the inflammation evoked by Paracoccidioides brasiliensis antigens in previously immunized mice. AB - Bentonite particles coated with polysaccharide antigen or crude soluble antigen of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis were injected intradermally or intravenously in mice. In control animals that were not pre-immunized with P. brasiliensis antigens, coated and uncoated bentonite caused minimal and nonspecific inflammation around the cutaneous injection site or around the bentonite thrombi in small lung vessels after intravenous injection. However, in mice previously immunized with P. brasiliensis antigens, the coated bentonite particles boosted the humoral and cellular immune responses to P. brasiliensis and evoked intense inflammatory reactions. Twelve days after intradermal injection, the inflammatory reaction around the bentonite was rich in neutrophils, macrophages, lymphocytes and plasma cells associated with young granulation tissue. In intravenously injected mice, the pulmonary inflammation was maximal at day 2, and was characterized by a florid neutrophilic and macrophagic cellular infiltration around bentonite thrombi; in some foci, there was incipient organization to mature granuloma. However, in both models, there was no formation of epithelioid granulomata, demonstrating that in paracoccidioidomycosis cellular immunity alone, without the presence of intact micro-organisms, may not be enough for the development of this type of granuloma. PMID- 6523308 TI - Antifungal activity of four antifungal drugs in the cutaneous retention time test. AB - The protective prophylactic activity of tolciclate, bifonazole, oxiconazole and Ro 14-4767/002 which may reflect their presence in the horny layer was examined in guinea pigs. Guinea pigs were topically treated with the drug and infected on the application site with Trichophyton mentagrophytes spores at various time intervals. Tolciclate showed the highest prophylactic activity, followed by oxiconazole, Ro 14-4767/002 and bifonazole. PMID- 6523309 TI - Effect of temperature on the mycelium to yeast transformation of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis. AB - The influence of temperature on Paracoccidioides brasiliensis mycelium to yeast transformation was studied by sequential microscopic observations of slide cultures. When incubated at temperatures above 28 degrees C, the mycelial elements gradually produced round to oval chlamydospores and later on, exhibited multiple budding. A sizeable proportion of mycelial elements transformed at 34 degrees C; however, multiple budding was important only at 37 degrees C. PMID- 6523310 TI - The management of warts of the oral cavity. AB - Heretofore most people affected by warts of the oral cavity were children, but during the past decade adults have become the most frequently seen patients with warts in the mouth. The popularity of fellatio among heterosexuals, teenagers, and adults has contributed to the spread of oral warts. Of epidemiologic interest is the observation that seldom are contacts of patients with oral warts found to have warts also. Seven cases are presented, and the methods of diagnosis and treatment are outlined. PMID- 6523311 TI - Age-specific risks of syphilis, gonorrhea, and hospitalized pelvic inflammatory disease in sexually experienced U. S. women. AB - The authors used data from the Centers for Disease Control (Atlanta, GA), National Hospital Discharge Survey, U.S. Census, and surveys of sexual activity in adolescent women to estimate age-specific rates of infectious syphilis, gonorrhea, and pelvic inflammatory disease requiring hospitalization among sexually experienced adolescent and young adult women in 1971 and 1976. Rates of all three diseases were highest in adolescents and declined exponentially with increasing age. Age-related reporting biases are unlikely to account for these findings. Aspects of adolescent sexual behavior and reproductive physiology are among plausible explanations. With the decline in age at first coitus in recent years, sexually transmitted diseases have become increasingly important factors in the health care of adolescents. PMID- 6523312 TI - Salient features of thiamphenicol: review of clinical pharmacokinetics and toxicity. AB - This article reviews specific aspects of the pharmacokinetics and clinical toxicity of thiamphenicol. Studies on the systemic bioavailability in humans of 2.5 g of thiamphenicol given orally showed mean peak levels in plasma of 16.1 18.6 micrograms/ml after about 2 hr, and plasma concentrations of thiamphenicol of greater than 2 micrograms/ml for approximately 17-20 hr. The oral dose of 2.5 g appeared no less bioavailable than the usual 0.5-g parenterally administered dose. The distribution of thiamphenicol to selected urogenital tissues is also summarized. Clinical data on toxicity obtained during 1980-1982 confirmed that thiamphenicol does possess a hematopoietic suppressant potential of the dose related type, which appeared to be observed only after repeated dosing. On the other hand, thiamphenicol does not appear to be associated with the dose unrelated, delayed type of hemotoxicity known to occur after therapy with chloramphenicol. PMID- 6523313 TI - Differential in-vitro toxicity of chloramphenicol, nitroso-chloramphenicol, and thiamphenicol. AB - The comparative effects of chloramphenicol, its nitroso derivative, and thiamphenicol on a number of metabolic parameters in vitro, including DNA and mitochondrial protein synthesis, and the effects of these agents on isolated double-stranded DNA are described. Evidence is presented in support of the hypothesis that the p-nitro group of chloramphenicol is the structural feature underlying aplastic anemia caused by this drug. The capacity of small concentrations of nitroso-chloramphenicol and large concentrations of chloramphenicol to produce breaks in double-stranded DNA suggests that, in the predisposed host, either chloramphenicol or its nitroso derivative may cause DNA damage and mutation, ultimately leading to aplastic anemia and/or leukemia. PMID- 6523314 TI - Toxic etiology of aplastic anemia. The Cooperative Study Group for Aplastic and Refractory Anemias. AB - In this retrospective investigation into the possible causes of aplastic anemia, the charts of 360 patients with primary or secondary aplastic anemia were analyzed for clinical history, proof of diagnosis, possible etiology, and prognostic criteria. During the period of the study, the proportion of cases of aplastic anemia due to chloramphenicol, benzene, butazone, and sulfonamides decreased, whereas the proportion due to gold salts, penicillamine, amidopyrine, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole increased. No case of secondary aplastic anemia in recent years could be attributed with certainty to thiamphenicol; one possible case of thiamphenicol-induced aplastic anemia could have been due to exposure to other chemicals known to cause aplastic anemia. The disease course and mortality rate for secondary aplastic anemia are similar to those for primary aplastic anemia. The results of this study show the need for more careful investigation into the causes of all cases of aplastic anemia attributed to toxic agents or environmental factors. PMID- 6523315 TI - Aplastic anemia due to chemicals and drugs: a study of 108 patients. AB - To illustrate the etiologic role of drugs and chemicals in the development of aplastic anemia, we analyzed 108 cases of aplastic anemia among 3,715 hematologic patients during a ten-year period at the hematology section of Istanbul Medical School. Among these 3,715 patients, 695 had leukemia, a result indicating the relative rarity of aplastic anemia as compared with leukemia. Of the 108 patients, 58.3% were male and 41.7% were female. Their ages ranged from six months to 82 years. Pancytopenia was severe in 42.6% of the patients, and moderate or mild in 57.4%. Bone marrow was hypocellular in 84 patients, normocellular in 16, and hypercellular in eight. In 52 (48.1%) of the patients with aplastic anemia, the following etiologic factors were implicated: benzene (25 patients), antirheumatic drugs (ten), chloramphenicol (four), chloramphenicol plus hepatitis or chromosome anomalies (two), thiamphenicol plus sulfonamide (one), antituberculous drugs (three), daraprim (three), insecticides (two), hepatitis (one), and sulfonamide (one). Data indicate that the degree of bone marrow cellularity is not always related to functional capacity, and numerous agents may have etiologic roles in the development of aplastic anemia. PMID- 6523316 TI - "One-minute treatment" with thiamphenicol in 50,000 cases of gonorrhea: a 22-year study. AB - The results obtained with single-dose (2.5 g of thiamphenicol) therapy of gonorrhea in 50,000 patients are reported. Male patients included recent cases of acute or subacute urethritis and uncomplicated cases; all female patients had uncomplicated gonorrhea. Asymptomatic gonorrhea in both men and women was included in the therapy trial in all cases when "epidemiological" treatment was necessary. Tolerance of thiamphenicol was excellent; we observed only 62 cases of gastralgia or nausea and 12 cases of generalized pruritus reaction. No hematologic side effect was reported. The prescribed dose does not conceal incubating syphilis since 211 cases of recent syphilis were observed. Failures are reported year by year from 1961 to 1982 and, on the average, failure rates for men and women were 3.42% and 3.24%, respectively. PMID- 6523318 TI - Thiamphenicol in the treatment of extragenital gonorrhea. AB - One hundred ninety-two cases of gonorrhea, of which 23 were extragenital only or both genital and extragenital, were treated with a single oral dose of thiamphenicol (2.5 g in patients weighing less than or equal to 80 kg; 3 g in patients weighing greater than 80 kg). Of the 178 patients whose follow-up was possible, 176 patients (98.9%), including all 23 with extragenital infection (seven pharyngeal and 16 anorectal), recovered completely. The efficacy of the regimen compared favorably with that of other regimens currently used for the treatment of gonorrhea. PMID- 6523317 TI - Single-dose thiamphenicol for the treatment of gonorrhea. AB - Acute gonococcal urethritis was treated with a single oral dose of 2.5 g of thiamphenicol in 62 patients after diagnosis by gram-staining of urethral smears and/or cultures for Neisseria gonorrhoeae in Thayer-Martin medium. Therapy resulted in bacteriologic and clinical cure in 50 cases. Three cases were not cured by this treatment. Nine patients failed to return for follow-up examination. The only adverse reaction to treatment was diarrhea in one patient. The taste of the preparation of thiamphenicol administered was considered acceptable by most patients. PMID- 6523319 TI - Treatment of gonorrhea with thiamphenicol: a study of 4,500 male patients. AB - In an eight-year study of thiamphenicol, 4,500 male patients with previously untreated, acute, uncomplicated gonococcal urethritis were selected for treatment with this drug. Gonococcal urethritis was diagnosed in all instances by microscopic examination of gram-stained urethral smears. In ambiguous cases, specimens were cultured on modified Thayer-Martin medium. All patients initially received a single oral dose of 2.5 g of thiamphenicol. This regimen resulted in clinical recovery within 24-48 hr in 4,028 patients (89.5%). The remaining 472 patients received a second regimen consisting of a single intramuscular injection of 750 mg of thiamphenicol followed 6 hr later by a single oral dose of 2.5 g; 462 (98%) of these patients recovered. Altogether, the two regimens produced a recovery rate of 99.8%. The drug was well tolerated both gastrointestinally and hematologically; blood tests performed for 2,000 patients showed no hematologic changes. PMID- 6523320 TI - Treatment of gonorrhea with single-dose thiamphenicol. AB - This study was undertaken to determine the effectiveness of a single 2.5-g dose of thiamphenicol as therapy for gonococcal infection and to compare the results obtained in a limited group of male and female patients to those reported by other investigators. Diagnosis was determined by direct microscopy and culture. Cure was defined as the abolishment of symptoms in males and disappearance of microscopic evidence of gonococci in females. Follow-up examination was not performed. Of the 28 males and five females treated, 30 (90.9%) experienced relief of symptoms according to the criteria given above. These results are compatible with those reported for other drug regimens. PMID- 6523321 TI - Current experience with thiamphenicol in uncomplicated gonococcal urethritis. AB - Use of thiamphenicol for the treatment of uncomplicated gonococcal urethritis was evaluated in 96 cases occurring between 1971 and 1975 and in 60 cases occurring between 1982 and 1983. Results in both groups of patients were nearly identical. Evidence indicates that gonococcal strains have not developed resistance to thiamphenicol during the ten years of its use. Thiamphenicol is still a highly effective agent for the treatment of gonococcal urethritis. PMID- 6523322 TI - Clinical trial of thiamphenicol therapy for uncomplicated gonorrhea. AB - The need for a safe drug that is easy to administer and not too expensive prompted a study of treatment of uncomplicated gonorrhea with a single oral dose of 2.5 g of thiamphenicol. Of 169 patients treated, 161 were cured. Of the 92 patients with acute infections, all of the 13 men and 74 (93.7%) of the 79 women were cured. Seventy-seven cases were defined as reinfection; all of the 22 men in this group were cured, as were 52 (94.5%) of the 55 women. Only minor adverse effects were noted. It is concluded that thiamphenicol is a safe and effective antibiotic for therapy of uncomplicated gonorrhea. PMID- 6523323 TI - Introductory address: microbial etiology of pelvic inflammatory disease. AB - The etiology of acute pelvic inflammatory disease is multifactorial, and the pattern of organisms most frequently causing the condition fluctuates. For example, tuberculous salpingitis has gradually become a rarity in many areas, and cases of nongonococcal salpingitis have started to outnumber those of gonococcal salpingitis. Chlamydia trachomatis now causes more cases than Neisseria gonorrhoeae in many regions. Mycoplasma hominis is another (often overlooked) etiologic agent infection in the upper genital tract of women. Pelvic inflammatory disease due to anaerobic microorganisms seems to occur more frequently in some areas (i.e., the United States) than in others (i.e., Europe). PMID- 6523324 TI - Susceptibility of anaerobic bacteria to thiamphenicol. AB - The activity of thiamphenicol, an analogue of chloramphenicol without a nitro group, was compared with that of chloramphenicol against anaerobic bacteria. A plate dilution technique on brucella agar supplemented with laked sheep blood and vitamin K1 was used. Chloramphenicol exhibited slightly greater activity than thiamphenicol in vitro, but the difference was too small to be of potential clinical significance. PMID- 6523325 TI - Thiamphenicol for treatment of salpingitis. AB - During a six-month period, 27 women with acute salpingitis diagnosed by laparoscopy were treated with thiamphenicol. Bacterial cultures and serologic tests for syphilis and Chlamydia trachomatis infection were systematically performed before treatment. Patients were assigned to one of two treatment groups. Treatment on the day of surgery was the same for both groups: 1.5 g of iv thiamphenicol immediately after laparoscopy and 0.75 g im 12 hr later. The first group received 0.75 g im twice daily thereafter for six days, while the second group received 0.5 g orally three times daily during the same period. Treatment with 0.5 g orally every 8 hr was initiated for an additional 14 days in the 13 patients in whom C. trachomatis was identified. Follow-up examination included clinical and laboratory tests and laparoscopy. Therapy was successful in 20 of the 27 patients, and there were no significant differences between the two treatment groups. Thiamphenicol is well tolerated at this dosage and appears to be an excellent treatment for acute salpingitis. PMID- 6523327 TI - Information concerning Health Care and Medical Industry Head-Department, sponsored by USSR State Planning. PMID- 6523326 TI - Clinical evaluation of thiamphenicol in treatment of nongonococcal urethritis. AB - The effect of thiamphenicol on nongonococcal urethritis was compared with that of doxycycline for 122 male patients, 61 of whom were randomly assigned to treatment with thiamphenicol and 61, with doxycycline. Before treatment the urethral discharges showed more than ten polymorphonuclear leukocytes per high-power field, no gram-negative cocci on the smear, and no culture positive for Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Thiamphenicol was given orally in 500-mg doses three times daily (total dose, 1,500 mg per day), and doxycycline was given orally in 100-mg doses three times daily (total dose, 300 mg per day) for seven to 14 days. Thiamphenicol was clinically effective for 86.8% of the men and doxycycline for 86.3%. In the culture-negative group, thiamphenicol was effective in 90% and doxycycline in 92%; there was no statistically significant difference between the two drugs. Of the 122 patients, one (1.6%) in the doxycycline-treated group showed digestive tract disturbance, but this reaction did not require stopping the therapy. PMID- 6523328 TI - Distributions of days/bed per hospitalized persons and the study of repeated hospitalization frequency. PMID- 6523329 TI - Importance of automatized systems in dispensary follow-up of the whole population. PMID- 6523330 TI - Principles of planning of routine hospital activities. PMID- 6523331 TI - The role of certain socio-sanitary factors in conditioning the quality of man's life. PMID- 6523332 TI - Dispensary follow-up--prophylactic method for acute chronicity. PMID- 6523333 TI - Associated mammary neoplasm risk factors considered by means of retrospective epidemiologic investigations. PMID- 6523334 TI - Health index for children and teenagers. PMID- 6523335 TI - Investigation on sanitary educational level in a population lot by means of a newspaper. PMID- 6523336 TI - Domicile period in the recovery system of young patients subjects to traumatism. PMID- 6523337 TI - [Control of iron reserve metabolism by the reticuloendothelial system]. PMID- 6523338 TI - [Abnormal hemoglobins, alpha thalassemia and erythrocyte G6PD deficiency in newborn infants of the negroid race]. PMID- 6523339 TI - [Are drug combinations useful in multiple myeloma?]. PMID- 6523340 TI - [Chromatofocusing of human hemoglobins]. PMID- 6523341 TI - [Hemochromatosis associated with primary sideroblastic anemia]. PMID- 6523342 TI - [Multiple myeloma: analysis of prognostic factors and classification by stages]. PMID- 6523343 TI - [Prognostic factors and stages in multiple myeloma]. PMID- 6523344 TI - [Chemotherapy of multiple myeloma]. PMID- 6523345 TI - [Solitary plasmacytoma]. PMID- 6523346 TI - [Vascular purpura secondary to scurvy in a patient who is not from a deprived socioeconomic level]. PMID- 6523347 TI - [Ferropenic anemia is aregenerative: the use of the IPR (index of reticulocyte production)]. PMID- 6523348 TI - Sensitivity to X ray irradiation of alcohol treated glioma cells in culture. AB - The resistance of glioma cells to radiations may be diminished by previous ethanol or oxygen treatment. When rat glioma C6 cells were treated with either 50 mM or 100 mM ethanol in the culture medium before X ray irradiation (1000 rads), the surviving cells decrease two weeks later by about 40% compared with irradiated non treated cells. We suggest that the greater cell death after irradiation of alcohol treated glioma cells in culture may partially result from an accumulation of cytotoxic O = 2 radicals, since superoxide dismutase activity was reduced under these conditions. PMID- 6523349 TI - Ascorbic acid effect on ethanol sensitivity via possible dopaminergic mediation. AB - Mice were injected with 0, 107, 215, 430, or 1720 mg/kg of ascorbic acid. Thirty min later they were tested for ethanol (3.5 g/kg) induced sleep time. Brain ethanol levels were determined upon awakening. Another group of mice were tested for apomorphine (3 mg/kg) induced locomotor activity also 30 min after ascorbic acid injection. Ascorbic acid in doses above 215 mg/kg augmented ethanol sleep time up to 210% at the highest doses, the increase being significant from 430 mg/kg. Brain ethanol levels upon awakening were reduced by ascorbic acid treatment; this reduction was significant at 1720 mg/kg dose. Ascorbic acid decreased apomorphine-induced locomotor activity in a dose response manner that paralleled the ascorbic acid increase of ethanol sleep time. At the highest dose of ascorbic acid, apomorphine-induced locomotor activity was completely eliminated. It is suggested that ascorbic acid increases brain sensitivity to ethanol by lowering the activity of dopamine receptors. PMID- 6523350 TI - [Psychotherapy in the rehabilitation system for patients with the nutritional constitutional form of obesity]. PMID- 6523351 TI - [Long-term use of parlodel in acromegaly]. AB - The authors studied the basal and L-DOPA-stimulated levels of STH and basal level of prolactin in blood serum of 128 patients presenting with acromegaly. The basal levels of STH and prolactin were found to be elevated in the majority of patients with an active disease stage. Long-term (for 5-6 years) therapy with parlodel (2.5-20 mg a day) produced a disease remission. It is concluded that parlodel can be used not only as an additional agent to x-ray therapy or hypophysectomy but also as monotherapy, provided that the drug is applied for a long time. PMID- 6523353 TI - [Etiopathogenetic mechanisms in the development of bronchial asthma]. PMID- 6523352 TI - [Rare case of an organized hematoma of the left adrenal simulating an organic tumor]. PMID- 6523354 TI - [Unithiol in the treatment of secondary amyloidosis patients]. AB - Seventy-five patients with secondary amyloidosis were treated with unithiol. Good objective results were obtained in 19 patients, who demonstrated considerable improvement of the general well-being, reduction in proteinuria, edemas, appreciable elevation of the levels of total protein. albumins and sulfhydryl groups in blood serum. Satisfactory results were obtained in 18 patients who showed a certain improvement of the general well-being, moderate drop of proteinuria, elevation of the levels of albumins and sulfhydryl groups in blood serum. Twenty-four patients noted only subjective improvement. Fourteen patients did not respond or showed deterioration of the health status. Three patients developed allergic rash which disappeared after drug discontinuation and administration of the common desensitization agents. PMID- 6523355 TI - [Role of temporary electrocardiostimulation in treating permanent tachycardia]. PMID- 6523356 TI - [Case of hyperlipoproteinemia type III with a clinical picture of diabetic hyperosmolar precoma]. PMID- 6523357 TI - [Comparative evaluation of the immune complex in myocardial infarct, bronchial asthma and rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 6523358 TI - [Magnetophore therapy in the combined treatment of patients with obstructive bronchial diseases and its effect on immunological reactivity]. AB - Follow up of 93 patients with chronic obstructive bronchitis and bronchial asthma enabled the authors to trace the effect of magnetophorotherapy combined with pathogenetic treatment on the disease progress, external respiration function, cardiovascular system, and immune responsiveness. It was shown that magnetophorotherapy is an effective therapy for bronchial obstruction, favouring the recovery and improvement of respiratory function, characteristics of the flow volume curve. It also exerts a beneficial effect on different components of immunity. PMID- 6523359 TI - [Viral-microbial associations and the function of humoral factors of natural immunity in acute pneumonia patients]. AB - A total of 359 patients with acute pneumonia and 152 practically healthy subjects comprising the control group were examined. Immunofluorescence was used to investigate nasopharyngeal washings for detecting antigens of influenza and parainfluenza viruses, respiratory-syncytial virus, adenoviruses, whereas serological studies according to the hemagglutination delay test with diagnostic agents for detecting influenza A1, A2, B, types 1, 2 and 3 parainfluenza, and the complement fixation test were made to detect antibodies against adenoviruses. Serological (65%) and immunofluorescence (63%) studies revealed associations of different viruses: type 3 and 1 parainfluenza, respiratory-syncytial virus (73%) with adenoviruses, influenza B, A2, type 2 parainfluenza. Association of different bacteria was observed in 67% of patients: hemolytic staphylococcus (65%), hemolytic streptococcus (50%), pneumococci (45%), P. aeruginosa (40%), P. mirabilis (35%), E. coli (30%), enterococci (25%). Associations of 3-2 causative agents were predominant (53%). Marked decrease in the content of complement and beta-lysins, elevation of the level of lysozyme were observed in patients with viral-bacterial and viral pneumonias as compared to the same characteristics in patients with bacterial pneumonia and in control group subjects. PMID- 6523360 TI - [Immunomorphological evaluation of intestinal function in periodic disease patients]. AB - Based on clinico-endoscopic, x-ray, immunological and immunohistochemical studies the authors demonstrate the role of disorders in the components of humoral and cellular immunity in the development of intestinal inflammation and amyloidosis in patients with periodical disease. Circulatory disorders, congestive hyperemia, edema of the intestinal mucosa, and spasmodic intestinal dyskinesia that develop during an attack of periodical disease are the initial components in the pathogenesis of inflammatory intestinal lesions seen during periodical disease. PMID- 6523361 TI - [Cellular and humoral immunity in asymptomatic carriers of the hepatitis B virus]. AB - Eighty-eight asymptomatic HBsAg carriers were examined for cellular and humoral immunity and markers of virus B hepatitis in liver tissue and blood serum. The following results were obtained: HBsAg and HBcAg in liver tissue were found in 10 and 19 out of the 24 examinees, respectively, HBeAg and anti-Hbe in blood serum in 2 and 20 out of the 25 examinees, respectively. No alterations were recorded on the part of humoral immunity. Changes in cellular immunity manifested themselves by reduction in the number of T lymphocytes, and decreased response to PHA. Sensitization to HBsAg led to the purification of hepatitis B virus whereas the presence of simultaneous sensitization to liver-specific lipoprotein contributed to development of graver patterns of liver injury. The role of the immune system and hepatitis B virus itself in the pathogenesis of liver injury in asymptomatic HBsAg carriers is discussed. PMID- 6523362 TI - [Immunopathology of chronic gastritis in B12-deficiency anemia]. AB - Twenty-one patients with B12-deficiency anemia and 72 patients with independent primary chronic gastritis were examined. The patients with B12-deficiency anemia showed a considerably elevated level of circulating antibodies as regards gastric antigen. During interaction of antibodies and antigen, an increased quantity of endogenous complement was found to be consumed. Using the immunofluorescence technique antibodies to the coating cells of the stomach were detected in 47.6% of anemic patients. During gastritis associated with B12-deficiency, there was a higher level of intragastric immune complexes as compared with both normal subjects and patients with primary chronic gastritis. The characteristics of circulating immune complexes did not deviate from normal in all groups of patients. The patients with B12-deficiency anemia manifested a high degree of sensitization of T lymphocytes to gastric mucosa antigen. However, it was less pronounced than that in patients with primary chronic gastritis. PMID- 6523363 TI - [The cerebrocardiac syndrome]. AB - The authors describe case histories of patients with brain involvement--extensive brain strokes with blood breakthrough to the ventricles. The development of myocardial lesions (from extensive hemorrhages to the heart muscle till the development of large myocardial infarction) attests to the possibility of centrally caused disorders of coronary circulation. It is necessary to note that the development of myocardial lesion is masked, as a rule, by the clinical picture of a grave brain stroke and is not adequately detectable at ECG studies. It is believed that the development of hemorrhages in the myocardium is consequent on the reperfusion syndrome, whereas formation of myocardial infarction is the result of the spasm of the coronary arteries. PMID- 6523364 TI - [Viral hepatitis complicated by hemolytic anemia]. AB - The author describes a case of virus hepatitis which was complicated at the 43d day of staying at hospital by the development of grave hemolytic anemia accompanied by hemoglobin fall down to 3.6 g% and red cell count decrease to l 250 000 per mm3. The author believes that the hemolytic crisis was of the autoimmune genesis. Multiple modality treatment including prednisolone (180 mg/day), transfusion of blood and erythrocyte mass provided good results. The patient was discharged in a satisfactory state at the 84th day of staying at hospital. PMID- 6523365 TI - [Possibilities for cytochemical research on neutrophils and lymphocytes in assessing the severity of the course and the completeness of recovery in viral hepatitis B]. AB - Some cytochemical characteristics were determined in peripheral blood lymphocytes and neutrophils of patients with HBsAg-positive hepatitis. The reduction of phospholipids, lysosomal cation proteins, neutrophil peroxidase and lymphocyte succinate dehydrogenase was found to correlate with the disease severity. Acid phosphatase activity and the content of lymphocyte RNA were discovered to increase depending on the disease severity. Complete recovery of the characteristics enumerated occurred only in mild forms of hepatitis. PMID- 6523366 TI - [Functional and biochemical characteristics of 2 types of diabetes mellitus]. AB - Examination of 68 patients with diabetes mellitus of two types (insulin-dependent and insulin-independent) has shown that insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus is marked by more remarkable alterations in the microcirculation (according to capillaroscopy of the nailbed and ophthalmoscopy) as compared with the insulin independent pattern, as well as by activation of lipid peroxidation. Free radical oxidation appears to play a role in the pathogenesis of microcirculatory disorders, making it necessary to administer antioxidants to diabetes mellitus patients. PMID- 6523367 TI - [Interrelation of diabetes mellitus, atherosclerosis and ischemic heart disease]. AB - In patients with diabetes mellitus, the processes of lipid peroxidation are activated and the system of antioxidants is disturbed (the content of reduced glutathione and red cell glutathione reductase is lowered and red cell glutathione peroxidase activity is heightened). At the same time the patients demonstrate high concentration of sterols bound by fibrinogen, a considerable lowering of cholesterol content in high density lipoproteins having an antiiatrogenic action. The alterations found underlie the development of atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease. PMID- 6523368 TI - [Comparison of nephro- and retinopathies in patients with diabetes mellitus of various degrees of severity]. PMID- 6523369 TI - [Interrelation of alpha-cholesterol and triglycerides in the blood of diabetic patients with and without ischemic heart disease]. AB - The blood content of total cholesterol and alpha-cholesterol, triglycerides and fasting glucose level were measured in 213 patients suffering from types I and II diabetes mellitus with and without coronary heart disease (CHD) and in 141 subjects with abnormal glucose tolerance test. The ratio of alpha-cholesterol level to these indicators and to the body mass was calculated. It was established that there is a negative correlation between the content of alpha-cholesterol and the level of triglycerides in patients aged 30-45 years with type I diabetes mellitus and in patients aged 45-65 years with type II diabetes mellitus with and without CHD regardless of the body mass. No such correlation was found in patients aged 45-65 years suffering from diabetes mellitus with and without CHD. Negative correlation between the content of alpha-cholesterol and absolute body mass was discovered only in subjects with abnormal glucose tolerance test and in patients aged 30-45 years with type I diabetes mellitus. None of the groups under examination showed any correlation between the content of alpha-cholesterol and relative body mass and the level of total cholesterol. PMID- 6523370 TI - [Use of NMR tomography in clinical practice]. AB - A new method of tomography based on nmr (nmr-tomography) was used to examine 25 normal subjects and 35 patients with tumorous, vascular, inflammatory and demyelinization processes occurring in the brain, cervical division of the spinal cord and visceral cranium. Use was made of an nmr-tomograph with a resistive magnet (magnetic field 0.14 T). It was shown that the diagnostic data of nmr tomography correlated well with the x-ray computer-aided tomography data. In some cases, nmr-tomography provides more complete information owing to the methodological possibilities (performance of saggital tomograms) and to the basic features of the method itself (detection of tissue edema during the obtaining of hydrogen nuclei (protons) resonance. The authors describe some shortcomings of nmr-tomography, of both outfit-induced and methodological nature. PMID- 6523371 TI - [Pathogenesis and treatment of infection]. AB - The decrease in the microbicidal activity of peripheral blood neutrophils against autohemocultures was demonstrated with special reference to 16 patients with sepsis. This fact is discussed in the light of the data on respiratory acidosis, anemization, and blood iron reduction in sepsis. PMID- 6523372 TI - [Modulation of the proliferative response of lymphocytes with a new enkephalin analog--dalargin]. PMID- 6523373 TI - [Pituitary-thyroid-parathyroid function during treatment of patients with thyroid cancer after thyroidectomy]. PMID- 6523374 TI - [2 cases of temporal arteritis]. AB - Two cases of temporal arteritis are described. In patient K., aged 79 years, the disease ran an acute course and resulted in bilateral blindness. In patient T., aged 67 years, the disease ran a subacute course with a unilateral amaurosis and involvement into the disease of the cerebellar, humeral, renal, leg and, possibly, heart arteries. Elevation of the amount of circulating immune complexes in patient K. and no elevation in patient T, with the complement content being within normal, can be viewed as features of the disease progress. PMID- 6523375 TI - [Cardiac abscesses]. AB - The author describes the experience gained with the clinical and necropsy data on heart abscesses in patients with active infectious endocarditis. Reviews the problems of the pathogenesis and some criteria of lifetime diagnosis of abscess formation in different parts of the heart. Out of 98 patients operated on for active infectious endocarditis, abscesses in the heart were found in 21 patients. Of these, 13 demonstrated good long-term results of the treatment. Emphasis is laid on the necessity of devising a special method for lifetime recognition of heart abscesses. PMID- 6523376 TI - [Therapeutic lavage in patients with pulmonary-alveolar proteinosis]. PMID- 6523377 TI - [Restoration of adrenal cortex function in a patient with Addison's disease of 20 years' duration]. PMID- 6523378 TI - [Radioelectronic monitor KMS8-01 for monitoring cardiology patients]. PMID- 6523379 TI - [Diabetes mellitus and eye diseases]. PMID- 6523380 TI - [Effectiveness of rehabilitation measures in patients with acute focal myocardial dystrophy]. PMID- 6523381 TI - [Value of the measurement of the repolarization rate in the diagnosis of ischemic heart disease during the veloergometric test]. AB - To assess the bicycle ergometry test, use was made of the indicator of the repolarization rate suggested by the authors. This indicator was calculated according to the first derivative end part of the ventricular complex as a quotient obtained by division of the amplitude of its second phase by the magnitude of the first phase amplitude. In normal subjects at rest, the rate indicator was equal to 1.6 on the average, whereas in patients with angina pectoris, to 1.2-1.5. During the bicycle ergometry test, the indicator decreased to 1.0 (under an average load of 125 W in normal subjects and 25-75 W in angina pectoris patients). The change of the rate indicator to 1.0 outstripped by 40.6 W the moment of recording the conventional criteria of bicycle ergometry test discontinuation. The assessment of the repolarization rate during the bicycle ergometry tests enables one to apply small loads, thereby making the test practically safe and expanding the possibilities of its use. PMID- 6523383 TI - [Science and medicine]. PMID- 6523382 TI - [Practical use of programmed electric stimulation of the heart]. PMID- 6523384 TI - [Effect of the program of multifactorial prevention of ischemic heart disease on the disability of men aged 40-59 years (2-year follow-up)]. AB - A study was made of the effect of multifactorial prophylaxis of coronary heart disease (CHD) on the time course of the disability of men aged 40-59 years, living in the areas of 2 district polyclinics of the city of Moscow. In one of the polyclinics, active prophylaxis of CHD was carried out, whereas in the other one, the disease was treated by conventional methods. The disability (temporary and steady) was studied by means of standard questionnaires. During two years of a follow-up, the majority of disability indicators decreased in the group of subjects exposed to active multifactorial prophylaxis of CHD, whereas in the group of patients receiving conventional therapy, the time-course of these indicators appeared quite opposite. PMID- 6523385 TI - [Various medical aspects of expert evaluation of temporary disability in ischemic heart disease]. AB - One hundred and forty-one patients were examined for the correctness of the diagnosis of coronary heart diseases made on an outpatient basis and for criteria that determined the temporary disability of these patients in the course of a 4 year follow-up. The sick leaves had been given to the patients because of their complaints of pains in the left half of the chest, classified by physicians as angina pectoris. However, the diagnoses turned out questionable in almost half of the cases which accounted for 45.4% of all disability days during the period under analysis. The authors stress the necessity of a more strict approach to making the diagnosis of coronary heart disease on an outpatient basis, since erroneous diagnosis may predetermine the failure of medical measures and inflict economic damage. PMID- 6523386 TI - [Ambulatory treatment of hypertension with the beta-blockader corgard (nadolol)]. AB - Fifteen outpatients with stage II essential hypertension were treated with corgard, a non-cardioselective beta-blocker, for 12-15 months. Study (in 12 patients) of the shifts in the central and intracardiac hemodynamics (by EchoCG for 3-4 months) demonstrated that a 24-25% decrease in the blood pressure occurred at the expense of a significant reduction in the cardiac index (by 25.6%) and heart rate (by 29%). The stroke index did not undergo any significant changes. This was accompanied by a moderate increase of the total peripheral vascular resistance (by 7.4%, P less than 0.05). The intramyocardial tension decreased by 18%, the thickness of the interventricular septum by 7.1% (P less than 0.001), the myocardial mass dropped by 9.5% (P less than 0.001). The rate of the shortening of the circulatory fibers of the left ventricle myocardium decreased by 10% (P less than 0.01). The ejection, the degree of a change in the anteroposterior size or in the end systolic and end diastolic sizes remained unchanged. Thus, application of corgard can be regarded as fairly advantageous since this drug produces a long-acting effect. It can be administered once or twice a day, with dosage variations being insignificant. This circumstance facilitates the regimen of a long-term outpatient treatment. PMID- 6523387 TI - [Indicators of central hemodynamics and microcirculation and their interrelations in patients with iron deficiency anemia]. PMID- 6523388 TI - [Clinico-pathogenetic aspects of uremic (nephrogenic) gastropathy]. AB - The authors analyzed 380 autopsies for chronic glomerulo- and pyelonephritis and studied the clinical and functional features of gastric pathology in 240 patients with the same disease entities. The hypotheses are suggested about a 3-stage successive formation of uremic gastropathy. The importance of hypergastrinemia as one of the pathogenetic factors, as a vicarious organ as regards nitrogenous products at early stages of chronic renal insufficiency is discussed. PMID- 6523389 TI - [Pathogenesis of steatorrhea in chronic diseases of the small intestine]. AB - Altogether 150 patients with chronic enteritis and celiac disease with a history of resection of a part of the ileum were examined. It was established that in patients with chronic enteritis, of importance for the pathogenesis of steatorrhea was the deficiency of bile acids during digestion because of hypokinesia of the gallbladder and partial deconjugation of bile acids in the presence of bacterial dissemination of the small intestine. During celiac disease, steatorrhea was caused by the decreased enzymatic function of the pancreas, asynchronism of the food and bile supply to the intestinal lumen, disorders of absorption of lipolysis products. In patients with large resection of the ileum, steatorrhea was associated with abnormality of the enterohepatic circulation of bile acids, bacterial dissemination of the small intestine and reduction of the absorption surface. A schedule of differentiated therapy is offered. PMID- 6523390 TI - [Possible ways of correcting disorders of the amino acid content of the blood serum and gastric mucosa during treatment of peptic ulcer]. AB - Investigations made by the authors permit the conclusion that in order to correct the disturbed amino acid content of the gastric mucosa and blood serum, mirroring the trends in the catabolic processes occurring in the body and disorder of liver amino acid-forming function, it is necessary to include the drugs eliminating the causes of the disorders (e. g. neurogenic dystrophy), stimulants of protein synthesis and amino acid preparations as structural material for proteins into the complex of treatment measures. PMID- 6523391 TI - [Development and use of medical technology in cardiology]. PMID- 6523392 TI - [Various characteristics of chronic ischemic pancreatitis]. AB - The authors examined 40 patients with chronic ischemic pancreatitis without concomitant pathology of the alimentary organs in order to define the features of the disease clinical picture and progress. It was found that patients with disseminated atherosclerosis, especially when it is coupled with essential hypertension, and with extravasal stenosis of the celiac trunk are predisposed to the development of chronic ischemic pancreatitis. Factors promoting pancreatic ischemia include abnormalities of the blood rheological properties seen in vascular pathology and alimentary hyperlipidemia. PMID- 6523393 TI - [Clinical significance of various metabolic disorders in patients with chronic pancreatitis]. AB - The degree of hyperlipidemia, hyperthyrosinemia, hyperserotoninemia and enhanced release of bradykinin from kininogen in patients with chronic recurrent pancreatitis was found to be decreased upon the attainment of a clinical remission. In patients with more considerable and more stable metabolic disorders, the incidence of exacerbations and the rate of progression of pancreatic, enzyme-secretory deficiency appeared, according to the data of a 8 year follow up, greater than in those with lesser degree and resistance of metabolic shifts. PMID- 6523395 TI - [Treatment of ochronosis with large doses of ascorbic acid]. PMID- 6523394 TI - [Artificial synovial fluid for the intra-articular treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis (chemical synthesis and clinico-experimental and biomechanical data)]. AB - Based on the clinical, experimental and biomechanical studies the authors suggest intraarticular treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and deforming osteoarthrosis (DOA) by means of artificial synovial fluid (ASF) developed with the use of polymers and biopolymers. Rheological studies performed with the use of a Rheotest-2 apparatus and ultrasonic interferometry of the samples of normal, RA, DOA synovial fluid and ASF demonstrated that medium-molecular-weight polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and PVP hyaluronate appeared the most similar to natural synovial fluid, PVP-hyaluronate, PVP and its complexes with other drugs (cyclophosphamide, hydrocortisone, arteparone) were applied intraarticularly to the treatment of 520 patients with RA and DOA. The group of patients who received kenalog or placebo intraarticularly served as control. Over 3000 intraarticular administrations of ASF and its complexes were made altogether. No side effects were observed. In the articular medium, PVP displayed lubrication, anti inflammatory, prolonging, anticommissural and other effects. Attention is drawn to the immunoregulatory action of PVP. The treatment with artificial articular lubricants promoted the improvement of the function of the joints and positive time-course of some clinical, laboratory, biochemical and immunological characteristics. PMID- 6523396 TI - [Computerized tomography in the diagnosis of central lung cancer]. AB - The third-generation computer CT/T-7800 manufactured by the General Electric Company (USA) was used to examine 600 patients with different chest diseases. Fifty-two patients were diagnosed as having central lung carcinoma. During comparison of the research data with those obtained by conventional x-ray methods, important information which made it possible to classify differently the stage of carcinoma was obtained in 40.4% of cases. The diagnosis of central lung carcinoma with the aid of computer-aided tomography was made for the first time in 11 cases. The method has advantages in detecting latent segmental atelectases and early signs of bronchostenosis. Computer-aided tomography makes it possible to restrict the use of invasive methods of examination in detecting mediastinal and distant metastases. PMID- 6523397 TI - [Clinico-functional characteristics of idiopathic fibrosing alveolitis (Hamman Rich syndrome)]. AB - The clinical and functional features of idiopathic fibrosing alveolitis (IFA) were analyzed in 31 patients. In 24 patients, the diagnosis was confirmed by histological study of the pulmonary tissue obtained by means of open lung biopsy or at autopsy. Progressive dyspnea was the earliest clinical symptom of IFA. High temperature, weight loss, cyanosis and other symptoms were characteristic of an acute disease course. Crepitation was the most characteristic symptom as far as the objective data are concerned. Detailed examination of respiratory function with the use of spirography, general plethysmography, forced oscillation technique, study of the diffuse capacity of the lungs and blood gases, and other methods showed that the most characteristic functional features of pulmonary respiration in IFA involved a decrease in the static pulmonary volumes, an increase in elastic pulmonary resistance, normal patency of the large and medium bronchi, and a diminution of the diffuse capacity of the lungs during respiratory arrest, as well as that of the diffuse capacity of the alveolocapillary membrane. The data obtained indicate that today one can discuss only the most characteristic rather than the pathognomonic clinical and functional symptoms of IFA. PMID- 6523398 TI - [Treatment of pruritus and polyneuropathy in patients with chronic renal failure by intermittent plasmapheresis]. AB - Fourteen patients with chronic renal failure treated with hemodialysis received intermittent plasmapheresis with the purpose of treating skin pruritus and polyneuropathy. Skin pruritus and polyneuropathy were completely eliminated in 10 patients, the intensity of pruritus could be considerably reduced in 3 patients, and one patient did not respond to the treatment. About half of the procedures were carried out on an outpatient basis. No serious complications mandating the procedure discontinuation were noted. PMID- 6523399 TI - [Fever of unknown origin: a diagnostic algorithm]. PMID- 6523400 TI - [Possibilities of eradicating the persistent HBsAg carrier state]. AB - Five HBsAg carriers were examined by clinical, biochemical, radionuclide, immunologic and histomorphologic methods. Different variants of structural and functional relations were established. Attempts were made to eradicate the persistent virus carrierstate with the aid of the antiviral drug virasol, the immunomodulating drug levamisole, nonspecific (BCG vaccine) and specific (original corpuscular vaccine against hepatitis B) immunostimulants. No positive therapeutic effect was obtained. The difficulties and possibilities of a further study into the title problem with due regard for integration mechanisms of infection and prospects of the effective prophylaxis of virus transmission from the mother to the child at birth are discussed. PMID- 6523401 TI - [Role of hyperlipidemia in disorders of myocardial function in men with or without angina pectoris and post-infarction cardiosclerosis]. AB - The paper is concerned with evaluation of myocardial function in men under 50 without the clinical manifestations of coronary heart disease (CHD), in patients with angina pectoris and postinfarction cardiosclerosis. The examinees were divided into groups with and without hyperlipidemia (HLP). The cholesterol level not less than 300 mg/100 ml (7.76 mmol/l) and the triglyceride level not less than 200 mg/100 ml (2.25 mmol/l) was regarded as hyperlipidemic. To judge myocardial function, use was made of the criterion of exercise tolerance on a treadmill and of polycardiography (PCG) and apical cardiography (ACG). It was established that in groups with HLP, the exercise tolerance was lower than in analogous clinical groups without HLP. PCG and ACG were also helpful in a more frequent detection of cardiodynamic disorders in HLP groups. The exercise test has shown that in HLP, the ischemic responses in CHD patients occur more readily and more frequently. Possible mechanisms of an adverse effect of HLP are discussed. PMID- 6523402 TI - [Microcirculatory disorders in patients with abdominal typhoid]. AB - The microcirculatory disorders in 85 patients with typhoid fever are described according to biomicroscopy of the bulbar conjunctiva performed at different periods of the disease and depending on the disease gravity. The greatest microcirculatory disorders were detected in patients with severe and medium severe disease patterns. In those patients, the clinical recovery was not always marked by normalization of the microcirculation. PMID- 6523403 TI - [Clinico-roentgenological characteristics of foot and hand diseases in patients with a history of brucellosis]. PMID- 6523404 TI - [Effect of impulse-sensory training on peripheral blood indicators]. AB - Hematological studies of 93 patients with coronary heart disease (the main group comprised 35 subjects and 4 control groups 58 subjects) and mathematic analysis of the data obtained have demonstrated that application of impulse and sensory training leads to a number of significant alterations on the part of the peripheral blood, with these alterations being similar to those seen during the performance of physical work or mental ideas associated with this work performance. PMID- 6523405 TI - [Characteristics of hemodynamics in the tachysystolic form of atrial fibrillation]. PMID- 6523406 TI - [Cardiohemodynamic variants in the development of coronary insufficiency in patients with exercise-induced angina pectoris]. AB - Oxygen requirement and supply (RS) of the myocardium were studied in 232 patients with coronary heart disease during an angina pectoris (AP) attack provoked by bicycle ergometry. It was discovered that an attack of stable AP occurs approximately at the same level of the RS tension in all the functional classes of AP. This level correlates with the RS tension in normal subjects exposed to submaximal exercise. The lower the functional class of AP the less or even negligible are the levels at which the RS tension is high. The following varieties of cardiohemodynamic (CHD) disturbances leading to inadequacy were revealed: tachycarditic, hypertensive, hypodiastolic. The adequate type of the CHD response was often observed in unstable angina pectoris. In stable AP, the deterioration was accompanied by inadequacy augmentation, whereas in the adequate type, the improvement or remission led to the appearance of an AP attack at the height of the RS tension. It is assumed that the adequate type of the CHD response is linked somehow with the diffuse spastic reaction of heart vessels. PMID- 6523407 TI - [Peripheral oxygenation and perfusion in patients with chronic ischemic heart disease complicated by left-ventricular failure]. AB - Examination of 33 normal subjects and 91 patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) ascertained that during CHD (diffuse atherosclerotic and postinfarction cardiosclerosis) without clinically marked heart insufficiency, oxygen tension in the arterialized capillary blood and subcutaneous fat of the forearm was normal in the overwhelming majority of cases. Only some of the patients manifested negligible arterial hypoxemia and/or tissue hypoxia. Left ventricular failure was always accompanied by arterial hypoxemia and tissue hypoxia the degree of which was proportional to the gravity of heart insufficiency. In isolated left ventricular failure without congestion in the greater circulation, CHD patients demonstrated abnormal peripheral circulation and tissue perfusion. In particular, the distensibility of the forearm veins was decreased by 43-50%, their capacity was reduced by 28-43%, and the volumetric velocity of the peripheral blood flow in this area was lessened by 34-58%. PMID- 6523408 TI - [Physical exertion tolerance in patients with ischemic heart disease associated with cerebral arteriosclerosis]. AB - The authors provide the results of a comparative study of exercise tolerance (bicycle ergometry test) in 64 patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) and in 68 patients with associated CHD and cerebral atherosclerosis. During the latter syndrome the working capacity was lowered as a result of less economical work of the circulatory apparatus. In particular, physical loading in such patients was accompanied by marked increment of the heart rate and blood pressure elevation. Increased heart oxygen requirement in the second group patients during exercise was accompanied by more frequent ischemic alterations in the myocardium attended by ST segment depression on the ECG. It is concluded that concomitant cerebral atherosclerosis aggravates the basic pathogenetic mechanisms of CHD, namely the disagreement between myocardium oxygen requirement and supply. PMID- 6523409 TI - [Improving medical services for patients with cardiovascular diseases]. PMID- 6523410 TI - [Evaluation of the pump and contractile functions of the heart in healthy persons by tetrapolar chest rheography]. AB - The central hemodynamics and myocardial contractility were studied in 40 normal untrained men by tetrapolar chest rheography. The response to exercise was studied and compared in subjects with eu- and hypokinetic circulatory types. It was revealed that marked differences in the SI, CI, SPR recorded at rest lessen with exercise increase and disappear at submaximal and maximal levels of exercise at the expense of a higher rate of changes in these parameters in subjects with the hypokinetic circulatory type. The energy and tension adequacy of both types of normal circulation under exercise has been proved. The linear increase in the index of myocardial contractility (Formula: see text) has been shown to be dependent on the exercise rate and to be in a good agreement with an increase in the MV (r = 0.82), which is highly informative. PMID- 6523411 TI - [Comparative study of the vegetative reactivity of the cardiovascular system in carotid-sinus and exercise tests]. AB - The sinocarotid test test was used to study the vegetative supply and reactivity in 111 practically normal subjects aged 20 to 29 years. The vegetative supply was also examined with the aid of the standard equally graded submaximal exercise test. As regards the evaluation of the vegetative equilibrium in the cardiovascular system, the most informative was the time-course of Kerdo's index as compared with the time-course of the increments of the blood minute volume (BMV) under exercise. Dissociation of the time-course of the vegetative index exercise. Dissociation of the time-course of the vegetative index and BMV suggests the presence of disorders in the vegetative nervous system. Inadequate reaction to the standard exercise is observed in subjects with excess parasympathetic or sympathetic effects before exercise. PMID- 6523412 TI - [Salt and water loads and water-sodium metabolism in patients with hypertension]. AB - Thirty-seven subjects including 29 patients with essential hypertension (8 with labile and 21 with stable disease patterns) and 8 controls received salt and water loads. Sodium chloride was administered per os at a rate of 0.12-0.22 g bw, water at a rate of 20 ml bw. Before loads the measurements were taken of the total water content in the body and of the total metabolic sodium. Radiocardiography was employed to study the central hemodynamics. After sodium chloride load BP measurements were taken over 2 h, within the first 45 min every other 5 to 10 min. Sodium excretion with urine was measured hourly, whereas the changes in the central hemodynamics were evaluated every other 5 to 10 min. After water load BP measurements were taken for 1.5 h. Urine excretions were evaluated too. It was demonstrated that patients with labile and stable hypertension responded differently to salt and water loads. In the first case the increment of BP was similar to that seen in the controls, being measured by increases in the cardiac and stroke indices. In the second case BP rises were more prolonged and more significant than in the controls and occurred primarily at the expense of the high total peripheral resistance of the blood flow. There were two types of the response to salt load: the first one involved a rapid BP elevation (after 1 to 5 min) accompanied by the violent vegetative symptomatology and BP returning to normal after 20 to 30 min.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6523413 TI - [Changes in the interrelation between oxygen consumption and blood circulation in patients with stage II hypertension]. AB - It was discovered that patients suffering from essential hypertension (EH) of the hypokinetic circulatory type (the cardiac index less than 2.7 1/min/m2) manifest an elevated level of energy metabolism which is mediated by the increased arteriovenous difference according to oxygen, accompanied by an increase in oxygen utilization ratio. In patients, the total peripheral resistance was higher as compared to that in normal subjects (P less than 0.01). In patients with EH of the hyperkinetic circulatory type (the cardiac index over 3.4 1/min/m2), there was a considerable increment of the outward work of the heart left ventricle, reduction in the arteriovenous difference according to oxygen, and diminution of the oxygen utilization ratio as compared with normal subjects. At the same time the energy metabolism and total peripheral vascular resistance did not differ from those in the control group (P greater than 0.05). PMID- 6523414 TI - [Relations between microcirculation and central hemodynamics and the physical work capacity of patients with hypertension]. AB - The microcirculation, central hemodynamics and working capacity were examined in 306 patients with essential hypertension, stages I, II and III. Close correlation was revealed between abnormalities of the arteriolar architectonics, on the one hand, and peripheral resistance and arterial pressure, on the other one. The author provides data on mathematic simulation of the working capacity of patients with essential hypertension. PMID- 6523415 TI - [Echocardiographic characteristics of the right ventricle in patients with chronic nonspecific lung diseases]. AB - Echocardiography with visualization of the anterior wall of the right ventricle was performed in 70 (94.6%) out of 74 patients with chronic nonspecific pulmonary diseases. The patients were divided into 3 groups depending on the degree of respiratory failure, clinical picture, and elevation of the systolic pressure in the pulmonary artery. The symptoms of moderate hypertrophy of the right ventricle were found in the first group of patients with stage I respiratory failure. Marked hypertrophy of the right ventricle wall was discovered in the second and third groups of patients with chronic nonspecific pulmonary diseases. The 3rd group patients manifested an increase of the right ventricle cavity. PMID- 6523416 TI - [Clinico-mathematical methods of diagnosis, prognosis of outcome and selection of optimal variant of treatment of myocardial infarction during hospital stay]. AB - The authors have developed methods for diagnosing and forecasting myocardial infarction outcomes with the use of current mathematical approaches. Studied the problems of simulating appropriate conditions and processes. Developed some effective algorithms of predicting myocardial infarction outcomes on the basis of the models obtained. Using the approaches (algorithms) suggested the authors have reviewed the methods for finding optimal correction of myocardial infarction treatment, based on the idea of maximization of the survival probability as one of the outcomes of the disease in question. The computer-aided methods for diagnosing, forecasting outcomes and choice of optimal treatment tactics for myocardial infarction during stay at a hospital can be very instrumental in raising the efficacy of the treatment and diagnosis of the disease under consideration. PMID- 6523417 TI - [Uricemia in bronchial asthma and its role in the pathogenesis and clinical course of the disease]. AB - The authors describe the results of the study over time of uricemia and uricosuria in 50 patients with bronchial asthma. Hyperuricemia occurred not infrequently, mostly in obese patients, in whom the disease ran a grave course without any distinct dependence on the intake of steroid hormones and infection activity in the respiratory tract. The time-course of hyperuricemia during bronchial asthma treatment was linked with a rapid regression of the latter's manifestations. It is suggested that hyperuricemia is of a role in the asthma genesis in individual patients. PMID- 6523418 TI - [Generalized lesions of the exocrine glands and interstitial nephritis with renal tubular acidosis and renal diabetes insipidus in chronic active hepatitis of viral etiology (clinico-morphological study)]. PMID- 6523419 TI - [Treatment of peptic ulcer of the gastroduodenal area with the antioxidant dibunol and the change in antioxidant activity of erythrocyte lipids in patients during treatment]. AB - Variation in the AOA of red cell lipids in peptic ulcer of the gastroduodenal zone was studied before and after treatment. Dibunol was administered by local applications of a 20% oily solution in a dose of 5 ml every other day with the aid of a fibroscope. The AOA was measured in experimental oxidation of methyl oleate in 20 normal subjects. In 25 patients, it was measured before treatment and 14 days after instituting local therapy. Twenty-five patients with peptic ulcer received treatment. In 96% of the patients, the ulcers healed. In the majority of the patients, the healing took place at early times. The healing occurred according to the "mucosal" type. In all the patients, the AOA was considerably less than normal before treatment. During dibunol treatment, the patients were divided into 2 groups according to the changes in the AOA. The first group (15 patients) manifested an increase in lipid AOA, rapid cicatrization of the ulcerous defect, favourable long-term results. The 2nd group (10 patients) showed a lowering of lipid AOA as compared with the initial level, which correlated with more prolonged times of ulcer cicatrization and a greater number of relapse at early times, though the results of dibunol treatment in the 2nd group patients were also considerably better than those obtained with conventional therapy. PMID- 6523420 TI - [Reverse diffusion of hydrogen ions and its correlation with acid secretion and proliferative activity of gastric mucosal epithelium in patients with variants of chronic gastritis and peptic ulcer]. AB - Eighty-one patients with chronic gastritis and 124 patients with peptic ulcer were examined. It was discovered that in chronic gastritis, the concomitant gastritis included, in patients with peptic ulcer, the degree of enhancement of reverse diffusion of hydrogen ions depended on the intensity of atrophy of the fundal and antral mucosa as well as on the extent of gastric lesions. The duodenogastral reflux promoted the increase of reverse diffusion of hydrogen ions. In mediogastral ulcer site, reverse diffusion of hydrogen ions was, at the height of exacerbation, enhanced to a greater degree than in the stage of ulcer healing. In atrophic variants of chronic gastritis and in peptic ulcer patients with an ulcer sited in the stomach, a close positive correlation was noted between reverse diffusion of hydrogen ions and proliferative activity of the gastric mucosa epithelium and a negative correlation between the diffusion and hydrochloric acid secretion. In patients with peptic ulcer of the duodenum without gastritis or the duodenogastral reflux, the characteristics of reverse diffusion of hydrogen ions did not differ from those seen in normal subjects. PMID- 6523422 TI - [Clinical study and differential diagnosis of the open leg]. PMID- 6523421 TI - [The open leg. Clinical physiopathology]. PMID- 6523423 TI - [Phlebography in chronic venous insufficiency]. PMID- 6523424 TI - [Conservative treatment of varicose disease]. PMID- 6523425 TI - [Sclerosing treatment in varicose leg ulcer]. PMID- 6523426 TI - [Surgical treatment of venous leg ulcer]. PMID- 6523427 TI - [Plastic surgical therapy of the "open leg"]. PMID- 6523428 TI - The mesothelial cell as a non-thrombogenic surface. AB - A technique for harvesting mesothelial cells is described. This entails collagenase digestion of omentum after which the cells can be cultured. The technique has been developed using the rat, but has also been successfully applied to human tissue. Cultured rat mesothelial cells obtained in this way have been examined by scanning electron microscopy. Rat mesothelial cells grown on plastic film have been exposed to blood in an in vitro system using a Baumgartner chamber and have been demonstrated to support blood flow. No adhering platelets were observed on the mesothelial cell surface. Fibroblasts similarly exposed to blood as a control were washed off the plastic. PMID- 6523429 TI - Uptake and catabolism of 125I-thrombin by the rabbit thoracic aorta in vitro: permeability of the endothelium, intima-media and adventitial layers. AB - The uptake, distribution and catabolism of 125I-thrombin has been studied in vitro using normal and ballooned (de-endothelialized) aorta segments at 37 degrees C and at 4 degrees C. In addition to rapid uptake by endothelial cells, 125I-thrombin passed at a slower, and yet constant, rate through the endothelium and accumulated in the intima-media and adventitial layers. The enzyme, however, was not able to cross the adventitia. Passage through the endothelium was probably intercellular rather than due to transcytosis. Uptake by the intima media layer of ballooned segments was substantially faster (x 2.5) than by the subendothelial (intima-media) region of normal segments. Once associated with the endothelium and the subendothelial layers, 125I-thrombin was catabolized and radioactive products, which were released from the vessel wall, appeared in the incubation medium. Two possible catabolic routes were identified: 1. the enzyme was recovered as a high molecular weight product (i.e. excluded by Sephadex G 200), due to complex formation with an extracellular vessel wall component and/or plasma antithrombin III. 2. Fragments of the enzyme were recovered which were presumably the products of limited, extracellular proteolysis. PMID- 6523430 TI - Impaired fibrinolytic capacity predisposes for recurrence of venous thrombosis. AB - The fibrinolytic capacity of 121 patients with a history of venous thrombosis and/or pulmonary embolism was studied by venous occlusion technique, at earliest 3 months after the last thromboembolic episode. After discontinuation of oral anticoagulation treatment the clinical course of the patients was followed and new thromboembolic episodes were noted. During the observation period of 56 +/- 18.8 months 45 of 121 patients experienced recurrence of thrombosis. The recurrence-rate was significantly lower in patients with a post-occlusion ELT shorter than 60 min (4.8%/year) than in patients with an ELT longer than 60 min (10.3%/year). It is concluded that the fibrinolytic capacity is a useful parameter for determining the risk of recurrence in patients with venous thrombosis. PMID- 6523431 TI - A collaborative study designed to establish the 4th International Standard for Heparin. AB - An international collaborative study, in which 22 laboratories participated, was carried out to establish a replacement for the International Standard for Heparin. A total of 248 assays were analyzed, including APTT, thrombin inhibition and anti-Xa assays, as well as pharmacopoeial assays. Overall, there was less than 5% difference in the mean potency estimates of the candidate preparations, by all assay methods. The freeze-dried preparation 82/502 demonstrated the closest parallelism by bioassay to the existing standard and was established by WHO as the 4th International Standard for Heparin, with an assigned unitage of 1780 i.u. per ampoule. PMID- 6523433 TI - Pharmacokinetics and anticoagulant effect of hirudin in man. AB - The pharmacokinetics and the effects on the haemostatic system of hirudin were assessed in six healthy subjects after single intravenous or subcutaneous dose (1000 AT-U/kg). When hirudin was given intravenously first-order elimination kinetics followed the initial distribution phase. The decline in plasma hirudin concentration was most adequately expressed by a biexponential equation describing a two compartment model. A mean elimination half-life of 0.84 hr and a mean volume of distribution of 12.9 l were calculated. After subcutaneous injection a low hirudin level (approximately 0.5 AT-U/ml) was maintained for a prolonged period of time. In the 24 hour-urine up to 50 per cent of the administered amount of hirudin was excreted in active form. Thrombin time, partial thromboplastin time and prothrombin time measured in plasma samples ex vivo were prolonged dependent on the hirudin plasma level. Platelet counts, fibrinogen level and the fibrinolytic system were unchanged. Bleeding time was prolonged twice at maximum. Subcutaneous or intravenous administration of pure hirudin was tolerated without side-effects. PMID- 6523432 TI - Clearance and in vivo release by heparin of human platelet factor 4 (PF4) in the rabbit. AB - 13 male New Zealand rabbits were injected with two different doses (25 micrograms/Kg and 100 micrograms/Kg) of human platelet factor 4 antigen (PF4). The disappearance of the protein was extremely fast with an half-life for the fast component of 1.07 +/- 0.16 and 1.76 +/- 0.11 min respectively. The half-life for the slow component, detectable only with the highest dosage, was 18.8 min. The administration of 2500 I.U. of heparin 30 min after PF4 administration induced a partial release of the injected protein and its clearance from plasma was slow, with half-life of 23.3 +/- 5.9 min and 30.9 +/- 2.19 min respectively. PMID- 6523434 TI - Platelet survival in patients with angiographically diseased and normal coronary arteries. AB - Platelets may contribute to the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and to the complications of coronary artery disease. Therefore, platelet kinetics were studied in 69 patients with angiographically documented coronary artery disease and in 16 patients with a normal coronary angiogram. Platelet survival time was calculated from the decay of radioactivity after injection of 51Cr-labeled autologous platelets. None of the mathematical models used was able to discriminate between the two patients groups. No correlation existed between survival time and extent of the arterial disease. Patients with a high serum cholesterol did not exhibit an enhanced platelet consumption. Thus, these studies do not support the idea that turnover is enhanced in patients with coronary artery disease as compared to those with normal coronary arteries. PMID- 6523435 TI - Platelet production in myocardial infarction and sudden cardiac death. AB - Megakaryocyte cytoplasmic volumes were studied in 13 subjects 18 +/- 2 days after admittance to the coronary care unit. Seven had suffered a myocardial infarction (MI group) while six had chest pain but no recent infarction. Megakaryocytes were also studied in 10 subjects suffering coronary sudden unexpected death (CSD group) and 11 subjects suffering sudden unexpected un-natural death. There was no significant difference between the megakaryocyte cytoplasmic volume distributions of the MI and CSD groups, although they had a significantly greater mean (p less than 0.01) and range (p less than 0.001) than their respective control groups. There was no significant difference in platelet volumes observed within 24 hr of the infarct and 18 +/- 2 days later. Mean platelet volume was significantly correlated (r = 0.89, p less than 0.006) to mean megakaryocyte cytoplasmic volume in the MI group. A computer simulation of platelet production showed no significant difference between platelet volumes observed in the MI group and those estimated to be circulating before death in the CSD group. PMID- 6523436 TI - Shape and spreading of platelets from the blood of patients with acute myocardial infarction. AB - The shape of platelets in circulating blood and alterations of this shape after the contact of platelets with glass surfaces, as well as spontaneous platelet aggregation, were examined in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and in controls. The shape of circulating platelets were studied by scanning electron microscopy and the spreading--by differential interference contrast microscopy. Most platelets circulating in the blood of the patients with AMI had non activated discoid shape; the percentage of these non-activated platelets was similar to that in the control group. However, these platelets of many AMI patients acquired an increased ability to undergo morphological changes after contact with glass. The percentage of spread platelets in controls was never higher than 50%. In contrast, this percentage was higher than 50% in 73% of patients with AMI. Increased spontaneous platelet aggregation was determined only in 30% of AMI patients. PMID- 6523437 TI - Measurement of the bleeding time. PMID- 6523438 TI - Monitoring plasma antithrombin-III levels during infusion of antithrombin-III concentrate. PMID- 6523439 TI - Platelet factor 3 availability induced by phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate. PMID- 6523440 TI - Platelet survival and function in animals with prosthetic mitral valve: the effect of nafazatrom. AB - Thromboembolism remains a serious problem in patients with prosthetic heart valves. Previous studies documented a number of platelet abnormalities in such patients and correlated the occurrence of thromboembolic complications with short platelet survival. We have studied platelet survival and platelet aggregation in eight goats fitted with prosthetic mitral valves and repeated the studies following treatment with nafazatrom, a potent antithrombotic agent. Eleven survival studies in eight animals showed a platelet survival not significantly different from control (6.52 +/- 0.72 vs. 6.94 +/- 0.81 days). Following seven to ten days of oral drug administration, platelet survival in the test animals was 7.34 +/- 0.96 days, significantly longer than pretreatment results (p less than 0.01). Animals with the shortest pretreatment platelet survival achieved substantial prolongation of platelet life span following drug treatment. The drug caused no change in ex vivo platelet aggregation. PMID- 6523441 TI - Complement inhibitory and anticoagulant activities of fractionated heparins. AB - Almost monodisperse heparin fractions (Mw/Mn less than 1.1) were obtained by gel filtration of a commercial heparin. These fractions were assayed for anticoagulant activity (thrombin times and APTT), chromogenic anti-factor Xa activity, inhibitory activity for the human classical complement pathway, carboxyl group content and total sulfate content. Linear relationships were observed between the molecular weight of the heparin fractions and the anti coagulant activities as determined by thrombin time- and APTT-assay and the classical complement pathway inhibitory activity. On the other hand a hyperbolic like relationship was observed between the molecular weight of the heparin fractions and the chromogenic anti-factor Xa activity. The heparin fractions did not show significant differences with respect to the carboxyl group and total sulfate content. Low- and high affinity heparin fractions were obtained by affinity chromatography using immobilized AT III. High- and low-affinity fractions greatly differed not only with respect to their APTT activity, but also where their complement-inhibitory activities were concerned. The latter in contrast to literature data available. These differences could not be explained by the observed differences in molecular weight of high and low affinity heparin respectively. PMID- 6523442 TI - Catalytic and regulatory functions of N-bromosuccinimide-modified bovine thrombin. AB - At pH 4.1, bovine thrombin reacts rapidly with N-bromo-succinimide to yield modified enzyme containing oxidized tryptophan residue. Both fibrinogen clotting activity and esterase activity are reduced considerably when three moles of tryptophan residues per mole of thrombin are oxidized, but the Michaelis constants for synthetic substrates are not appreciably altered. Reaction of NBS also results in a decrease in the affinity of thrombin for heparin. The dissociation constant for heparin-thrombin complex is increased by 2.6-fold due to the modification of one tryptophan residue. However, the magnitude of the increase in the dissociation constant remains the same for modified enzymes containing approximately two or three oxidized tryptophan residues. The rate constant for the inactivation of thrombin by antithrombin III is increased by 2.5 fold due to the modification of a single tryptophan residue. This increase in rate constant is not further amplified when more than one tryptophan residue is oxidized. In contrast, in the presence of heparin the rate of inactivation of modified and unmodified thrombins by antithrombin III are not significantly different. Thus, the heparin-sensitized inactivation of thrombin by antithrombin III is affected by the modification of one tryptophan residue. Spectrophotometric titrations of the phenolic hydroxyl groups suggest that the structural environments of tyrosyl groups for both unmodified and modified thrombin containing one oxidized tryptophan residue, are similar. The temperature for half loss of catalytic activity of control and NBS-modified thrombin, containing one oxidized tryptophan, are 52 and 51.5 degrees C respectively. It appears that the one tryptophan residue of thrombin is situated at or close to the binding site of heparin. PMID- 6523443 TI - Platelet activation by circulating levels of hormones: a possible link in coronary heart disease. AB - Blood platelets participating in the formation of haemostatic plugs or thrombi are likely to be exposed to combinations of several agonists. We have found that platelet aggregation and the release reaction are enhanced by combinations of the hormones adrenaline, noradrenaline, vasopressin and 5 hydroxytryptamine acting synergistically at levels obtained in circulating blood for three of these hormones. If surges of adrenaline and other hormones sensitize platelets this may provide a link between some of the risk factors and coronary heart disease. PMID- 6523444 TI - Diglyceryl lipase activity in mouse platelets. AB - These studies reveal for the first time that mouse platelets have substantial diglyceryl lipase (DGL) activity (138 +/- 29 nmols/hr/10(9) platelets) compared with human 37 +/- 56 nmols/hr/10(9) platelets) or rat platelets (25 +/- 11 nmols/hr/10(9) platelets). Our demonstration of the enzyme in rat platelets contrasts with the scant activity of DGL in that species as reported by others. The activity of DGL in mouse platelets was inhibited by RHC80267, an agent previously described as an inhibitor of DGL in dog and rat platelets. PMID- 6523445 TI - Analysis of platelet phospholipids by high performance liquid chromatography. AB - Analysis of platelet phospholipids was attempted by means of high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). In order to separate phosphatidic acid (PA) in addition to phosphatidylinositol (PI), phosphatidylserine (PS), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and phosphatidylcholine (PC), the mobile phase of Chen and Kou (J. Chromatogr., 227, 25-31, 1982) was modified. For the quantitative analysis, fluorescein was found to be a suitable internal standard. With these inventions, the amount of phospholipids could be determined within 30 min after lipid extraction and 10(7) platelets were required for one assay. Then, stimulus linked phospholipids breakdown was studied using HPLC and the results were compared with those by conventional 32P-thin layer chromatography (TLC) method. Similar results were obtained except that the amount of PA determined by TLC was much higher, probably due to active phosphorylation process. These observations suggest that the quantitative analysis of phospholipids could be achieved by our method with HPLC, which is advantageous over conventional methods in rapidity, no requirement of isotopes and determination of absolute amount of phospholipids. PMID- 6523446 TI - Conformational integrity of human alpha-thrombin. AB - It is known that storage at pH 6 stabilizes thrombin against inactivation. In order to determine whether structural changes accompany this stabilization, the conformation of human alpha-thrombin at pH 6.0 and 7.5 was investigated by chemical modification, difference spectroscopy, circular dichrosim, and thermal stability. It was shown that the CD spectra at the 230-200 nm peptide transition were indistinguishable at the two pH values, indicating no differences in the secondary structure as also indicated by the thermal stability of the enzyme at pH 6.0, 7.4 and 8.3. However, differences were observed in the 300-250 nm aromatic transition suggesting some changes in the microenvironment of the aromatic chromophores. Solvent perturbation in 20% ethylene glycol and 20% dimethylsulfoxide showed that at pH 7.5, 4.3 +/- 0.3 tryptophan and 8.6 +/- 0.4 tyrosine residues were exposed and accessible to the solvent whereas at pH 6.0 these values were 3.6 +/- 0.1 tryptophan and 7.8 +/- 0.4 tyrosine residues. At pH 7.5, 6.0 +/- 0.5 tryptophan residues were found reactive toward dimethyl-(2 hydroxy-5-nitrobenzyl)sulfonium bromide while 2.5 +/- 0.3 were found reactive at pH 6.0. Accompanying these structural changes were ultraviolet absorption and CD spectral changes with transition midpoints at pH 6.45 characteristic of histidine ionization. These spectral changes were lost when alpha-thrombin was modified by diethylpyrocarbonate but not by N-alpha-tosyl-L-Lysinechloro-methyl ketone. It is concluded that a second histidine residue, not the active site His-43, is associated with the pH dependent conformational changes at pH 6.0. The ionization of this histidine residue and the accompanying conformational changes could explain the reduced catalytic efficiency and stability of alpha-thrombin at pH 6. PMID- 6523447 TI - Monoclonal antibodies directed against human alpha-thrombin and the thrombin antithrombin III complex. AB - Human alpha-thrombin was poorly immunogenic in Balb/c mice. Nevertheless, following fusion of spleen cells from a responding mouse with NS-1 cells, 8 mouse monoclonal antibodies against alpha-thrombin were isolated, and 6 were characterised. Five of these were isotype IgG2a, and one was IgG1. One, EST 1, bound thrombin only minimally, and was directed against a neoantigen on the thrombin-ATIII (T-AT) complex. This antibody also recognised a site on prothrombin, though with much lower affinity. Its binding was markedly temperature-dependent, indicating a requirement for molecular mobility. A second antibody, EST 4, would not bind the T-AT complex. It inhibited both the clotting and amidase activities of thrombin, and modification of the active site histidine, but not the active site serine, reduced the affinity constant of binding to EST 4. This antibody appears to be directed against an epitope in the vicinity of the enzyme active site. The epitopes for EST 1 and EST 4 were both remote from those of the other monoclonal antibodies, EST 2, 6, 7 and 8. These four competed with each other for binding to thrombin, and all inhibited clotting but not amidase activity. Thrombin binding was not affected by modification of the active site, though formation of the T-AT complex reduced the affinity of binding to EST 6 and EST 8. These monoclonals recognise epitopes in the region of the fibrinogen binding site. PMID- 6523448 TI - Differential effects of trifluoperazine on arachidonate liberation, secretion and myosin phosphorylation in intact platelets. AB - Gel-filtered platelets prelabeled with [3H]-arachidonate and [14C]-adenine or [32P]-orthophosphate were stimulated with thrombin in the presence of various concentrations of trifluoperazine (TFP). Based on the presence of [14C]- or [32P] labeled extracellular adenine nucleotides, TFP, above 50 microM, caused platelet lysis which reached 30-40% at 100 microM. In the non-lytic range (0-50 microM) TFP caused marked inhibition of [3H]-arachidonic acid liberation and [3H] phosphatidylcholine breakdown which was complete at 25 microM. Breakdown of [3H] phosphatidylinositol was partially (about 50%) inhibited at 25 microM TFP and little further inhibition occurred above this concentration. These results show that thrombin-induced liberation of [3H]-arachidonic acid occurs entirely by a TFP-sensitive mechanism, and suggest that the major portion of the arachidonate is liberated from phosphatidylcholine with a possible contribution from phosphatidylinositol. Dense granule secretion and acid hydrolase secretion were progressively inhibited by TFP, while the thiazine had only a small effect on phosphorylation of myosin. These results indicate that the inhibition of the secretory processes by TFP is not caused by action of TFP on myosin light chain kinase. It is suggested that the profound effect of TFP on arachidonic acid liberation but not myosin phosphorylation is due to different subcellular localization of these calmodulin-requiring enzymes: phospholipase A2 and myosin light chain kinase. The lipophilic TFP dissolves preferentially in the membranes where it has access to phospholipase A2 but not to myosin light chain kinase. PMID- 6523449 TI - Plasma fibronectin concentration in patients with acquired consumptive coagulopathies. AB - Plasma fibronectin was assayed in 179 hospitalized patients referred for workup of possible acquired coagulopathy. Based on laboratory results and chart review, these patients were classified as having no coagulopathy (N = 36), defibrination syndrome (N = 31), compensated defibrination syndrome (N = 100), microangiopathic thrombocytopenia (N = 7), and primary fibrinolysis (N = 5). Compared to patients with no coagulopathy, fibronectin concentration was reduced in patients with defibrination syndrome (p less than 0.005) and compensated defibrination syndrome (p less than 0.10). Fibronectin concentration was not reduced in patients with microangiopathic thrombocytopenia and primary fibrinolysis. In patients with defibrination syndrome, the reduction of fibronectin was correlated to the degree of liver impairment. This finding is consistent with the liver being the primary site of synthesis of plasma fibronectin. Fibronectin was significantly correlated to plasminogen and antithrombin III. The sensitivity of fibronectin for the diagnosis of coagulopathy is low except for patients with defibrination syndrome. PMID- 6523450 TI - Inhibition of bovine and human thrombins by derivatives of benzamidine. AB - Thirty-four derivatives of benzamidine were tested for their inhibitory activities on bovine and human thrombins using the chromogenic peptide substrate N-D-Phe-Pip-Arg-pNA. The inhibition constants of small molecular size inhibitors of comparatively low affinity as well as those of tight binding inhibitors did not differ significantly with different species. Accordingly, the active site of bovine thrombin seems to correspond largely to that of human thrombin. PMID- 6523452 TI - [Written information upon leaving the hospital. How do patients benefit from having their information repeated in special information schemes?]. PMID- 6523451 TI - Compound 48/80 is a potent inhibitor of human platelet aggregation antagonizing the calmodulin-dependent platelet reaction in vitro. PMID- 6523453 TI - [Stammering and communication]. PMID- 6523454 TI - [Lead. An old toxic agent in modern occupational medicine]. PMID- 6523455 TI - [Pheochromocytoma. 2 cases diagnosed by newer technics]. PMID- 6523456 TI - [A mucocele in the fronto-ethmoidal sinus]. PMID- 6523457 TI - [Congenital pseudarthrosis of the clavicle]. PMID- 6523458 TI - [Hemochromatosis with complications]. PMID- 6523459 TI - [Complications of cardiopulmonary resuscitation]. PMID- 6523460 TI - [Training in gastroenterologic surgery]. PMID- 6523461 TI - [Disaster preparedness and exercises. Responsibility, conduct and evaluation]. PMID- 6523462 TI - [Hernia recurrence in a small hospital]. PMID- 6523463 TI - [Splenic rupture. New experiences]. PMID- 6523464 TI - [Serious injuries caused by ski jumping in Norway 1977-81]. PMID- 6523465 TI - [Levonantradol as an antiemetic in cancer chemotherapy]. PMID- 6523466 TI - [Aortic coarctation and cerebral aneurysm]. PMID- 6523467 TI - [The important differential diagnoses of unexplainable fractures in children]. PMID- 6523468 TI - [The siege of Tripoli 1983. Some experiences in war surgery]. PMID- 6523469 TI - [Sir Richard Doll]. PMID- 6523470 TI - [Work as a health factor]. PMID- 6523472 TI - [To be a sailor--an occupation and a life style in change]. PMID- 6523471 TI - [Unemployment and health]. PMID- 6523473 TI - [Health and occupational environment in connection with petroleum activities at sea]. PMID- 6523474 TI - [Health services in offshore petroleum industries. Problems and challenges]. PMID- 6523475 TI - [Do fishermen often suffer from illness? Health problems in fishermen]. PMID- 6523476 TI - [Health problems in agriculture]. PMID- 6523477 TI - [Occupational environment and health status of lumberjacks]. PMID- 6523478 TI - [The transportation industry]. PMID- 6523479 TI - [Health problems in industry]. PMID- 6523480 TI - [The occupational environment in the metallurgic and mechanical industries]. PMID- 6523481 TI - [Plastics and painting]. PMID- 6523482 TI - [Health conditions in the mining industry]. PMID- 6523484 TI - [Visual display terminals and health]. PMID- 6523483 TI - [Technological development and health problems in offices and commercial business]. PMID- 6523485 TI - [Home accidents]. PMID- 6523486 TI - [Noise injuries]. PMID- 6523487 TI - [Health education. Work, health, security, comfort and quality of life]. PMID- 6523488 TI - [Education in occupational medicine]. PMID- 6523489 TI - [Physicians' report on occupational diseases]. PMID- 6523490 TI - [The role of primary health care]. PMID- 6523491 TI - [Occupational medicine problems in hospitals]. PMID- 6523492 TI - [How should occupational health services be organized?]. PMID- 6523493 TI - [Organization of occupational health services. Experiences from a cooperative program]. PMID- 6523494 TI - [What is a good occupational health service?]. PMID- 6523495 TI - Arousal response induced by postural changes in patients with subacute myelo optico-neuropathy, "SMON". AB - In reaction time (RT) experiments, shifts of arousal level induced by postural changes were examined in 10 normal subjects and 10 patients with SMON. Vocal RTs were recorded at neutral position (N) and facilitating position of the left arm (FA) or the left leg (FL). RT-ratios between two positions, FA/N and FL/N, were used as variables to estimate the arousing effect of facilitating positions. Also the correlations between these variables and several clinical signs such as patellar tendon reflex (PTR), sensory disturbance and dysesthesia were calculated. The grade of dysesthesia was strongly related to FL/N. It is assumed that proprioceptive input from the lower extremities causes abnormally high arousal response in patients with dysesthesia. PMID- 6523496 TI - Reduction of acetoxymethyl-methylnitrosamine-induced large bowel cancer in rats by indomethacin. AB - The nonsteroid anti-inflammatory drug indomethacin, a potent prostaglandin synthesis inhibitor, may play a role in preventing chemically-induced large bowel cancer development in rats. 250 male Sprague-Dawley rats were given weekly intrarectal doses of 2 mg/kg body weight of acetoxymethyl-methylnitrosamine (AMMN) in the first 10 weeks of the experiment to induce large bowel tumors. Experimental groups received a 0.001% aqueous solution of indomethacin ad libitum as drinking water for different time intervals. At autopsy in week 21, the indomethacin treatment in the first and second 10-week periods, or only in the second 10-week period significantly reduced the number of large bowel tumors compared to non-treatment control groups, while the treatment in the first 10 week period alone did not affect the tumor development. It was observed at autopsy in week 31 that the 10-week cessation of treatment after the effective treatments permitted the growth of tumors, but the treatment in the first and second 10-week periods was effective enough to suppress tumor appearance compared to other groups. It can be concluded that indomethacin has an antiproliferative activity on large bowel carcinogenesis. PMID- 6523497 TI - The development of glucose metabolism in infants of diabetic mothers. AB - The concentrations of plasma glucose, lactate and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) (EC 4.1.1.32) were studied in caesarian-delivered newborn rats of diabetic mothers (IDM) and normal mothers, at time-intervals up to 6 hr after delivery. Glucose concentrations in plasma of cord blood of IDM were significantly higher than those in normal newborn rats. The glucose concentration of normal newborn rats decreased markedly during 1 hr after delivery and thereafter increased gradually. However, the glucose concentration of IDM decreased to a minimum at 4 hr after delivery and thereafter increased. Lactate concentration in plasma of cord blood was high at delivery. Plasma lactate concentration of normal newborn rats decreased rapidly during 2 hr after delivery. However, plasma lactate concentration of IDM increased during 1 hr after delivery and thereafter decreased markedly over the next 5 hr. Hepatic soluble PEPCK activity in caesarian delivered rats was low at birth. The activity of normal infants increased after a lag of 2 hr whereas the activity of IDM increased after a lag of 4 hr. The concentrations of plasma glucose and hepatic PEPCK activity were measured as a function of time after the administration of glucose (5 g/kg body weight) to caesarian-delivered newborn rats. The glucose concentration increased to a maximum at 2 hr after administration and decreased markedly over the next 2 hr. The development of enzyme activity was delayed in administered rats. The glucose concentration and hepatic PEPCK activity were measured as a function of time after the intraperitoneal injection of insulin (250 mU/rat) into caesarian-delivered rats from diabetic pregnant rats.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6523498 TI - Sulfated proteoglycans synthesized in myometrium of the estrogen-treated rabbit. AB - Myometrium obtained from the estrogen-treated rabbit was incubated with [35S] sulfate, and the 35S-labeled proteoglycans were extracted from this tissue with 4 M guanidine hydrochloride. The extract was fractionated by CsCl density gradient centrifugation, followed by DEAE-cellulose column chromatography. The major proteoglycan fraction (D(1+2] was separated into two fractions (D(1+2)-I and D(1+2)-II) by gel filtration on Sepharose CL-4B. The compositions of the 35S labeled glycosaminoglycans in 5 proteoglycan fractions (D(1+2)-I, D(1+2)-II, D3, D4, and D5) were analyzed by two dimensional cellulose acetate membrane electrophoresis after pronase digestion. All the fractions contained the 35S labeled chondroitin sulfates A/C and heparan sulfate with the different proportions of the radioactivities. The results of the present study indicated that sulfated proteoglycans newly synthesized in myometrium of the estrogen treated rabbit were considerably heterogeneous not only in the 35S-labeled glycosaminoglycan compositions but also in the molecular weight and buoyant density. PMID- 6523499 TI - Serum cortisol levels in maternal venous, umbilical arterial and umbilical venous blood at delivery in the cases of fetal distress. AB - We measured maternal venous (MV), umbilical arterial (UA) and umbilical venous (UV) cortisol levels in 180 term pregnancies to investigate the changes of these hormone levels in the cases of fetal distress and neonatal asphyxia. The cortisol levels in UA and UV blood in the fetal distress group were significantly higher than those in the non-fetal distress group among spontaneous vaginal delivery cases. There were significant positive correlations among the cortisol levels in MV and UA, MV and UV, and UA and UV blood, respectively. These data suggest that in the case of fetal distress or neonatal asphyxia, mother and fetus have responded independently to the stress of delivery, and that maternal cortisol might not strongly affect the fetal cortisol secretion. PMID- 6523500 TI - Effects of drug-induced reduction in oxyhemoglobin affinity on survival time of mice in severe hypoxic conditions. AB - We studied the effect of ortho-iodo sodium benzoate (OISB) given intraperitoneally to mice. 300 and 600 mg/kg of OISB increased P50 from the control value of 41.2 mmHg to 42.7 mmHg and 45.7 mmHg, respectively. The mice were then exposed to two experimental hypoxias, namely, hypobaric hypoxia and carbon monoxide hypoxia. Mean survival time was prolonged from 67.8 (control saline) to 94.8 sec (OISB 300 mg/kg) and 112.2 sec (OISB 600 mg/kg) in the hypobaric hypoxia, and from 201.3 sec (control saline) to 329.7 sec (OISB 300 mg/kg) and 407.7 sec (OISB 600 mg/kg) in the carbon monoxide hypoxia. We concluded that OISB had prolonged survival time by reducing oxyhemoglobin affinity, thus facilitating oxygen release in severe hypoxic conditions. PMID- 6523502 TI - Purification and amino acid sequence of toxin I" from the venom of the North African scorpion Androctonus australis Hector. AB - When a large quantity of the venom of the scorpion Androctonus australis Hector is submitted to a purification procedure it is possible to purify a new toxin, toxin I", which is lethal to mouse, and present in very low quantities. The yield is 0.04%. The amino acid sequence of this newly discovered toxin only differs from toxin I of the same scorpion by an extra arginine residue at the C-terminal end provided that the sequence of toxin I, at positions 34 and 35, is in agreement with newer information provided in this paper. PMID- 6523501 TI - Preparation of anti-Lea and anti-Rh0 (D) sera by immunization with blood group substance trapped in autologous red cell ghost. AB - Lea substance or immune complex which was prepared with anti-D and D-active Band 3 was trapped in autologous red cell ghost. The trapped immunogens were administered intravenously to rabbits or guinea pigs. Rabbits immunized with Lea substance loading ghost produced antisera of relatively low titers, but they contained specific incomplete anti-Lea antibody (titer 1:128) after absorption procedure, which were higher than that of antisera prepared by the ordinary method. Guinea pig antiserum to the immune complex contained specific incomplete anti-D (titer 1:128). Immunoglobulin class analyses revealed that the anti-Lea consisted mainly of IgM and the anti-D of IgG. It was considered that intravenous injection of the immunogen trapped in ghost is useful for preparing hemagglutinin of sufficient titers. PMID- 6523503 TI - Skeletal muscle regeneration after myonecrosis induced by crude venom and a myotoxin from the snake Bothrops asper (Fer-de-Lance). AB - Skeletal muscle regeneration was studied following injections of Bothrops asper venom and a myotoxin isolated from the crude venom. In toxin-injected muscle regeneration proceeded normally. By 4 days there were myotubes and small regenerating cells. The size of the cells increased by 1 and 2 weeks, and by 4 weeks regenerating cells were fully developed. The regenerated cells retained centrally located nuclei. The regenerative process in venom-injected muscle was not completely normal--by 1 and 2 weeks four main areas, based on the predominant cell type present, were observed in the tissue: (a) necrotic muscle cells; (b) regenerating muscle cells; (c) fibroblasts and collagen; (d) adipocytes. Furthermore, some nerve fibers were demyelinated. Samples obtained 4 weeks after venom injection showed an almost complete regeneration in many areas, whereas in other areas nests of small regenerating cells were surrounded by portions of adipose tissue and collagen. At four weeks regenerating cells in venom-injected muscle were significantly smaller than cells in toxin-injected and saline injected muscles. There was a significant reduction in capillary/muscle cell ratio in areas of the muscle where hemorrhage and myonecrosis were present 30 min after injection of B. asper venom. Since B. asper venom drastically affects the microvasculature, it is proposed that impairment of regeneration after injection of crude venom is a consequence of diminished blood supply to some areas of the muscle. PMID- 6523505 TI - Cardiotoxic effects of the venom of the burrowing asp, Atractaspis engaddensis (Atractaspididae, Ophidia). AB - The venom from the snake Atractaspis engaddensis has a very high lethal potency, with an i.v. LD50 of 0.06-0.075 micrograms per g body weight in mice. The action of the venom is rapid and death results from seemingly neurotoxic effects. However, even at high concentrations, the venom does not block contractions of skeletal muscles that are directly or indirectly stimulated. The most prominent action of the venom is seen in the function of the heart in anesthetized mice, with or without artificial respiration. The changes observed in the ECG are similar to those recorded in human victims and are the result of an A-V block that is caused by an apparent direct action of the venom on the heart. PMID- 6523504 TI - Effect of carboxylate group modification on enzymatic and cardiotoxic properties of snake venom phospholipases A2. AB - By treating Naja nigricollis and Naja naja atra phospholipase A2 with carbodiimide and semicarbazide, we obtained derivatives having varied numbers of modified carboxylate groups. When tested on artificial and natural substrates, derivatives of both enzymes with a modified carboxylate group at the active site (Asp-49) retained little enzymatic activity (1/41 to 10%). However, the derivatives of N. nigricollis also lost most of their lethal potency (5% of native), while those of N. n. atra retained considerable lethality (29%). Carboxyl modification with protection of Asp-49 in N. n. atra enzyme resulted in a derivative with lethal potency equal to or greater than the native enzyme and enzymatic activity which was low on all substrates (12-17% of native). Similar protection of Asp-49 at the active site in N. nigricollis enzyme produced a derivative with decreased enzymatic activity on artificial substrate (22% of native) and decreased lethality (17-33% of native), but with full enzymatic activity on natural substrates. When tested on electrical and mechanical properties of the isolated perfused heart and the isolated ventricle muscle wall, the derivatives of both enzymes retained considerably more of the cardiotoxic activity than would have been expected based on their residual enzymatic activity. The one exception occurred with the least modified N. nigricollis derivative which had an unaltered Asp-49, this enzyme retained both cardiotoxic activity and full enzymatic activity on natural substrates. The extent of phospholipid hydrolysis following treatment was measured in the isolated heart preparation and in hearts removed from mice following i.v. injection of the phospholipases. Very low levels of phospholipid hydrolysis were observed and no correlation could be made between the extent of hydrolysis and the pharmacological potencies of these enzymes. Modification of the enzymatic active site, whether of Asp-49 in this study of His-48 in prior studies, leads to a large decrease in both enzymatic activity and lethal potency. Asp and Glu residues outside of the enzymatic site contribute significantly to the lethal potency of the N. nigricollis enzyme and to the enzymatic activity of the N. n. atra enzyme. Based on these and previous data we conclude that changes in isoelectric points are not responsible for altered lethal potencies following chemical modification and that some pharmacological effects of snake venom phospholipases A2 are due to a non-enzymatic action, suggesting two distinct but perhaps overlapping active sites. PMID- 6523507 TI - Morphological changes induced by crotoxin in murine nerve and neuromuscular junction. AB - The sequence and timing of structural changes induced by crotoxin were examined by electron microscopy following either a single systemic injection of a lethal dose or a single i.m. injection of a sub-lethal dose in mice. Changes in the diaphragm motor nerve terminals, including a reduction in synaptic vesicle population, the appearance of omega (omega) shaped indentations in the axolemma and swelling of mitochondria, were associated with clinical signs of developing muscular paralysis during systemic intoxication. No post-synaptic or myofibrillar changes were observed at the stage of cessation of respiration. Subsequent events observed following i.m. injection included the onset of myonecrosis, disorganization of the endplate, envelopment of axon terminals by Schwann cells and changes in the preterminal motor nerve. A 'Wallerian-type' degeneration of small myelinated axons supplying the soleus muscle was apparent by 24 hr. Re innervation of the regenerated muscle was rapid. PMID- 6523506 TI - Some cytotoxic effects of mixtures of simplexin and huratoxin obtained from the desert rice flower, Pimelea simplex. AB - Serial dilutions of mixtures of the closely related diterpenoid orthoesters simplexin and huratoxin were added to cultures of chicken embryo fibroblast cells and bovine erythroid cells; the mixture was lethal at concentrations of 100 micrograms/ml and 1 microgram/ml, respectively. Morphological changes were observed in the chicken embryo fibroblast cells exposed to concentrations of greater than or equal to 100 ng/ml; 1 microgram/ml caused a loss of definition of the mitochondrial cristae within 2 hr and vacuolation, crenation and shrinkage of the cells within 5 hr. These results support a hypothesis that the lesions and clinical signs shown by cattle affected with chronic Pimelea poisoning are caused by direct cytotoxic effects on the cells of the cardiovascular, haemopoietic, digestive and hepatic systems. PMID- 6523508 TI - Ciguatoxin from the flesh and viscera of the barracuda, Sphyraena jello. AB - Five of six barracuda, Sphyraena jello, captured in the same area of Queensland as toxic Spanish mackerel (Scomberomorus commersoni) were found to be toxic. One major lipid-soluble toxin, present in both the flesh and viscera of a pooled sample of barracuda, was chromatographically indistinguishable from Spanish mackerel flesh ciguatoxin. Signs and symptoms induced by toxic barracuda in humans were typical of ciguatera and cats and mice displayed signs indistinguishable from those induced by Spanish mackerel ciguatoxin. Purified barracuda ciguatoxin had an i.p. LD50 to mice of 55 micrograms/kg. Barracuda ciguatoxin had a narrow range (0.7-1.4 mouse units) of doses between 0% and 100% lethality and its dose vs. death-time relationship was similar to the relationship produced by moray eel and Spanish mackerel ciguatoxin. No water soluble toxins were detected in the viscera of these barracuda, but a less polar lipid-soluble toxin was found in the viscera. This minor toxin represented 14% of the total viscera lethality and induced signs in mice similar to the major toxin. Barracuda could be an important link in the transfer of ciguatoxin to large Spanish mackerel in southern Queensland waters. PMID- 6523509 TI - Presynaptic and musculotropic effects of a basic phospholipase A2 from the Formosan habu (Trimeresurus mucrosquamatus) venom. AB - A basic phospholipase A2 purified from the venom of a crotalid snake (Trimeresurus mucrosquamatus) was applied to chick and mouse neuromuscular preparations. The enzyme at lower concentrations (1-3 micrograms/ml) blocks neuromuscular transmission at a presynaptic site, while at higher concentrations (10-30 micrograms/ml) it causes contracture and depolarization of the muscle as well. It is concluded that the mode of action of the enzyme on vertebrate nerve muscle transmission is similar to that of notexin and ceruleotoxin from elapid snake venoms. PMID- 6523510 TI - Seasonal persistence of resting cyst toxicity in the dinoflagellate Gonyaulax tamarensis var. excavata. AB - Resting cysts collected in the autumn from bottom sediments were stored in the laboratory, in the dark at 4 degrees C, through the winter. Over a six month period, toxicity of the stored resting cysts was compared with toxicity of cysts from freshly-collected sediments. Resting cysts retained toxin over the winter months. Toxin levels show an apparent rise. Toxicity measurements of cysts from sediment samples kept in the laboratory reflect in situ levels. PMID- 6523511 TI - A case of envenomation by the neotropical colubrid snake, Stenorrhina freminvillei. AB - The case history of a bite by the neotropical opisthoglyph, Stenorrhina freminvillei, is presented. This is apparently the first documentation of human envenomation by this genus. Localized pain and swelling were the predominant symptoms; no systemic reaction was noted. Such mild effects are consistent with the bites reported for other New World colubrids, in contrast to the potentially lethal effects produced by Old World colubrid genera Dispholidus, Thelotornis, Rhabdophis and Atractaspis. PMID- 6523512 TI - Intraspecific variation in content of a basic toxin in eastern diamondback rattlesnake (Crotalus adamanteus) venom. AB - Venom samples from four specimens of Crotalus adamanteus from the same litter were analyzed for the content of a basic toxin by gel filtration. Whereas the venoms of two snakes were essentially free of the toxin, two other contained about 5% and 11% toxin (w/w). The individual absence or presence of the toxin in the venom was constant, suggesting a genetically determined variation. PMID- 6523513 TI - Occurrence of skin alkaloids in non-dendrobatid frogs from Brazil (Bufonidae), Australia (Myobatrachidae) and Madagascar (Mantellinae). AB - Several taxa of small frogs from the southern hemisphere contain alkaloids similar or identical to compounds previously known only from neotropical poison frogs of the family Dendrobatidae. Skin of the Brazilian toad Melanophryniscus moreirae (family Bufonidae) contains a new alkaloid 8-hydroxy-8-methyl-6-(5' hydroxy-2'-methyl-hexylidene)-1-azabicycl o-[4.3.0] nonane (C16H29NO2), which is designated pumiliotoxin 267C. Such a structure is typical of the pumiliotoxin-A class of dendrobatid alkaloids. Melanophyryniscus moreirae contains smaller quantities of an alkaloid (C19H33NO3) identical in chromatographic and mass spectral properties to the dendrobatid alkaloid allopumiliotoxin 323B. Allopumiliotoxin 323B and an isomer of 267C occur with unidentified alkaloids in skin of the Australian frog Pseudophryne semimarmorata (family Myobatrachidae) and also in the skin of the Madagascan frog Mantella aurantiaca (family Ranidae, subfamily Mantellinae). In addition to new compounds, Mantella aurantiaca and M. madagascariensis also contain other alkaloids (e.g. histrionicotoxin and pumiliotoxin B) that were known previously only in dendrobatid frogs. Such alkaloids have not been detected in a phylogenetically wide array of other anuran amphibians, and the dendrobatid alkaloids thus become an evolutionary enigma. Certain of these compounds may have arisen convergently from new biosynthetic pathways in several families of frogs, or these alkaloids may represent parallel expression of shared-primitive pathways that are unexpressed or lost in related frogs. PMID- 6523514 TI - Quantification of myonecrosis and comparison of necrotic activity of snake venoms by determination of creatine phosphokinase activity in mice sera. AB - Serum creatine phosphokinase (CK) values were measured in venom-injected mice. The increase of CK levels was proportional to both the amount of venom injected and the myonecrotic actions determined microscopically. The CK isoenzymes were regarded as due to the predominant increase of CK-MM, which was considered to be of skeletal muscle origin in the venom-injected area. No CK isozyme variants were found by electrophoretic examination. For a comparative study on necrotic intensity, nine snake venoms were examined. The elapid venoms induced higher values of serum CK with a stronger necrotic effect than the crotalid venoms, and the data agreed with the histological findings. On application of the antivenom, an initially elevated CK value was significantly decreased and no severe damage was observed under light microscopy. Since the changes of serum CK activities paralleled necrotic intensity, the CK value is useful as an indicator of myonecrosis due to snake venom. PMID- 6523516 TI - Production of a monoclonal antibody against hemorrhagic activity of Crotalus atrox (western diamondback rattlesnake) venom. AB - Crotalid venoms have cytotoxic properties which could be useful in medical research. Crotalus atrox venom-hyperimmunized mouse spleen cells were fused with SP2/0 myeloma cells. Forty-one wells containing the hybridoma cells were positive for C. atrox venom, as determined by the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Cell line 1-e12 was cloned and used to produce ascites tumors in BALB/c mice. The monoclonal antibody produced by cloned and subcultured 1-e12 cells reacted with both C. atrox venom and six other venoms in the ELISA and neutralized the hemorrhagic activity of crude C. atrox venom. A series of monoclonal antibodies could be used in studying the nature of snake venoms. PMID- 6523517 TI - Electrophoretic variants of Mojave rattlesnake (Crotalus scutulatus scutulatus) venoms and migration differences of Mojave toxin. AB - Mojave toxin was found in comparable quantities in venoms from Mojave rattlesnakes captured in the Big Bend region of Texas and southeastern Arizona. Toxicities in mice were also comparable. Electrophoretic profiles of venom differed significantly between the two groups, suggesting two genetic divergent groups. Immunotransfer revealed several electrophoretic variants of Mojave toxin among the Texas snake venoms, all of which migrated slower than Mojave toxin of venoms from the Arizona snakes. PMID- 6523515 TI - The Bushman arrow toxin, Diamphidia toxin: isolation from pupae of Diamphidia nigro-ornata. AB - The Bushmen of the Kalahari Desert in Botswana use the pupae of the beetle Diamphidia nigro-ornata Stahl to poison their arrows. Sequential aqueous extraction, ammonium sulfate precipitation, ultrafiltration and chromatofocusing have given an apparently homogeneous active protein from these pupae with an approximate mol. wt of 54,000, an isoelectric point of about 8.0 pH and a lethal potency (minimum lethal dose, MLD) between 5 and 20 micrograms/kg (i.p. mouse). Preliminary pharmacological studies on less purified material show that, after a delay, this Diamphidia toxin causes sustained contraction of isolated intestinal smooth muscle. This contraction is not blocked by atropine or mepyramine and, therefore, is not due to release of acetylcholine or histamine. Results on the phrenic nerve - hemidiaphragm preparation demonstrate that in the presence of the toxin, contraction in response to indirect stimulation gradually fails and is accompanied by contracture. Since direct stimulation of the muscle still elicits a contraction, the toxin apparently does not affect the contractile mechanism itself. We conclude that Diamphidia pupae contain a protein toxin that is responsible for its lethality. Although this toxin appears to differ in some properties from the toxins reported by Mebs et al., de la Harpe et al. and Kundig, these protein preparations undoubtedly correspond to each other. We did not find any evidence of the low molecular weight toxic component reported by Mebs et al. PMID- 6523518 TI - A micro-radioimmunoassay for apamin. AB - A radioimmunoassay is described which allows detection of quantities of apamin between 5 and 1200 fmoles (10-2400 pg) in 50 microliter aliquots. The assay requires a few milliliters of apamin antiserum diluted 10,000-20,000 times and 125I apamin at a specific radioactivity of 2000 Ci/mmole. This assay is specific for apamin. PMID- 6523519 TI - Effect of blood on styrene oxidation in perfused rat liver. AB - The oxidation of styrene to styrene oxide was studied in the isolated perfused rat liver in the presence and absence of blood at styrene concentrations of 2.5 and 50 mM. Erythrocytes contained in whole blood increased the levels of styrene glycol about 5 times after a short perfusion time with both concentrations. This increase was observed up to 1 h with 2.5 mM styrene. At both styrene concentrations styrene oxide was not detectable, either in the presence or absence of blood indicating that the liver was able completely to detoxify the styrene oxide produced by the mixed-function oxidases (MFO) and the oxyhemoglobin in the erythrocytes. PMID- 6523520 TI - Stimulation of DNA synthesis after a single administration of cadmium nitrate. AB - The effect of a single intravenous (i.v.) injection of cadmium nitrate was investigated in livers of male Wistar rats. A significant increase in liver weight, accompanied by an elevation of total hepatic DNA content was observed. DNA synthesis as measured by the incorporation of [3H]thymidine, was found to be 6 times greater than the control, at 24 h after treatment, and remained elevated over a period of 72 h. This elevation in DNA synthesis was not a consequence of cell necrosis, since no increase of serum glutamate-pyruvate transaminase (SGPT) activity was observed. PMID- 6523521 TI - Labilising effect of suramin on rat kidney lysosomes in vivo. AB - The effect of administration of suramin on the urinary levels of some lysosomal enzymes in rats was investigated. The urinary levels of acid phosphatase and lysozyme were significantly elevated 24 h after drug administration. The high levels were sustained for 9 days after drug administration was terminated. These actions were indicative of labilization of kidney lysosomal membrane by the drug molecules, the membrane being repaired and integrity restored some days following termination of drug administration. PMID- 6523522 TI - Nasal mucosa from rat fetuses and neonates metabolizes the nasal carcinogen phenacetin. AB - In vitro experiments showed that excised ethmoturbinates of late gestational fetuses and neonatal rats have a marked ability to metabolize [14C ethyl]phenacetin as determined by 14CO2 formation. Autoradiography of fetuses injected in utero with [14C-ethyl]phenacetin on day 22 of gestation showed a selective uptake and binding of radioactivity in the mucosa of the ethmoturbinates. PMID- 6523523 TI - Environmental pollution by cadmium and cadmium body burden: an autopsy study. AB - The industrial area of Liege in Belgium is polluted by cadmium mainly because of past emission from non-ferrous metal industries. Persons who have lived in that area have accumulated significantly more cadmium in the renal cortex and in the liver than those who have resided in other regions of the country. PMID- 6523524 TI - Interaction of acrylamide with glutathione in rat erythrocytes. AB - Evidence is presented for an enzyme-catalyzed conjugation of acrylamide (ACR) in rat erythrocytes. Daily exposure of rats to ACR for a period of 7, 14 and 21 days resulted in a time-dependent decrease in glutathione content. In vitro incubation of ACR with rat erythrocytes suspension caused a concentration-dependent decrease in glutathione levels. Red blood cell (RBC) enzyme-catalyzed conjugation of ACR with glutathione increased with protein concentration and was dependent on pH and time of incubation. Glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activity using acrylamide and 1-chloro 2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB) as substrates followed the order: liver greater than kidney greater than brain greater than erythrocytes. Glutathione peroxidase activity of RBC's was inhibited by the in vitro addition of ACR to erythrocytes. These results suggest that rat erythrocytes are equipped with the mechanism which can inactivate toxic electrophilic chemicals, such as acrylamide. PMID- 6523525 TI - Modification of butylated hydroxytoluene-induced pulmonary toxicity in mice by diethyl maleate, buthionine sulfoximine, and cysteine. AB - Treatment of mice with diethyl maleate (DEM) or buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) significantly enhanced the lung injury caused by butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT). Conversely, cysteine protected mice from the lung toxicity of BHT. BHT administration to mice produced a time-dependent reduction of glutathione (GSH) content in the lung, but not in the liver. These results support the concept that conjugation of 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylene-2,5-cyclohexadienone (BHT-quinone methide), a proposed reactive metabolite of BHT, with GSH is involved in the detoxification of BHT in mice. PMID- 6523526 TI - Effect of cobaltous chloride on aggregation of platelets from normal and afibrinogenaemic human blood. AB - The aggregation of normal human platelets in vitro induced by ADP was severely inhibited after preincubation of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) with CoCl2. Platelets from a patient with congenital afibrinogenaemia did not aggregate until fibrinogen was added. This recovered response was also inhibited by CoCl2. The impairment of aggregation seemed to be due to the action of cobalt on surrounding fibrinogen and not to a direct action on the platelets themselves. These results illustrate another aspect of the potential toxicity resulting from the use of cobaltous salts in treating the anaemia of renal failure, in which bleeding disorders have been reported. PMID- 6523527 TI - Denitrosation of diphenylnitrosamine in vivo. AB - A single dose of diphenylnitrosamine (NDphA) was applied orally or intraperitoneally (i.p.) to rats. The urine was sampled and analysed for nitrite/nitrate by ion chromatography and for diphenylamine (DphA) plus hydroxydiphenylamine by gas chromatography. The major metabolite was nitrate. Nitrite and DphA were found in minor amounts. In a somewhat higher concentration, a monohydroxylated DphA was detected. It is concluded that NDphA is denitrosated to nitric oxide (NO) and DphA in the organism and that NO is then converted into nitrite and nitrate. PMID- 6523528 TI - The acute oral and intravenous toxicity of p-aminopropiophenone (PAPP) to laboratory rodents. AB - The acute toxicity of p-aminopropiophenone (PAPP) to three species of laboratory animals has been investigated using solutions in dimethylsulphoxide (DMSO) for intravenous and oral (intragastric) administration. In addition, methaemoglobinaemia and Heinz-body haemolytic anaemia are described. PMID- 6523529 TI - Dynamic measure of production rate of cortisol in the mature guinea-pig in response to the stress of anesthesia: effect of estradiol. AB - The effect of estradiol on adrenal secretion rate of cortisol in response to a stress induced by anesthesia, was examined by comparing the metabolic clearance rate and the production rate of cortisol between males and females and after estradiol administration in castrated animals. Metabolic clearance rates of cortisol (MCR) were significantly higher (+30%) in males than in females. Castration lowered the MCR of cortisol in males and had no significant effect in females. After estradiol administration, a fall in the MCR of cortisol concomitant with a rise in blood cortisol level was observed especially in males in which the effect of treatment was more marked than in females and highly significant. The production rate of cortisol was identical in males and females and was slightly increased in estradiol-treated males and females. The data indicate that estradiol had an inhibitory effect on metabolic clearance of cortisol, which caused an important rise of blood cortisol levels in response to stress and which prevented an increase in the adrenal response to the stress. Since the pituitary adrenal cortex can respond in a normal way to stress, the low value of MCR of cortisol could be the limiting factor in the adrenal secretion rate of cortisol in estrogen-treated guinea-pigs. PMID- 6523530 TI - Structure-activity relationships of estrogens: effects of esterification of the 11 beta-hydroxyl group. AB - Fourteen esters (formate, acetate, propionate, butyrate, hexanoate, heptanoate, and benzoate) located at C-11 of 11 beta-hydroxyesterone and 11 beta hydroxyestradiol-17 beta were synthesized and evaluated for uterotropic and gonadotropin release inhibition in rats, as well as their ability to displace (3H) estradiol-17 beta from the rat uterine cytosolic estrogen receptor. The most potent uterotropic agent was 11 beta-formoxyestrone which was 1,625 or 2,500 times as active as 11 beta-hydroxyesterone in the uterotropic or gonadotropin release inhibition assay, respectively. 11 beta-Formoxyestrone was 7.5 times as uterotropic as estradiol-17 beta and equal to estradiol-17 beta in inhibiting gonadotropin release. However, the most potent inhibitor of gonadotropin release was 11 beta-acetoxy-estradiol-17 beta which had 133% of the activity of estradiol 17 beta, although it had only 38% of the activity of estradiol-17 beta in the uterotropic assay. Esters larger than the acetoxy group showed sharply decreased activities in either assay. Despite the high estrogenic potency of the 11 formates or 11-acetates, they were rather weak (6% to 35% as active as estradiol 17 beta) in displacing (3H) estradiol-17 beta from the rat uterine cytosolic estrogen receptor. PMID- 6523531 TI - The effect of five synthetic progestational compounds on 5 alpha-reductase activity in genital skin fibroblast monolayers. AB - The suggestion has been made that prenatal exposure to synthetic progestogens contributes to an increased incidence of hypospadias. One potential mechanism for such an effect might be inhibition of 5 alpha-reductase, a key enzyme in normal male sexual differentiation. We have examined the effect of progesterone and of five synthetic progestogens upon 5 alpha-reductase activity in fibroblast monolayers from 12 genital skin cell lines obtained from normal newborn infants, boys with phimosis and hypospadias and a normal adult male. Basal enzyme activities ranged from 0.8-12.1 pmoles 5 alpha-reduced product/micrograms DNA/hour. Progesterone and norethindrone inhibited 5 alpha-reductase activity in a dose dependent manner to a maximum of 95% and 50% of basal levels respectively at 10(-5) M. Similar concentrations (10(-5) M) of norethynodrel, ethisterone, dl norgestrel and d-norgestrel had little or no effect. Studies of cell viability showed that the effects of progesterone and norethindrone were specific for 5 alpha-reductase and not non-specific toxic effects. PMID- 6523532 TI - Further characterization of estrogen binding to rat testis cytosol. AB - Binding of estradiol (E2), estriol (E3), RU16117, and moxestrol to testis cytosol from adult male rats was investigated. High-affinity binding sites were identified in the 8-9S region of sucrose density gradients; a second, high capacity binding component in the 4S region was probably due to contamination with serum. Thermodynamic properties of the testicular estrogen binding site were quite similar to those of the uterine receptor. E2 had the highest affinity for testicular cytosol binding sites (Ka: E2 much greater than moxestrol greater than E3 greater than RU16117). Comparison of association rate (E2 greater than E3 greater than moxestrol = RU16117) and dissociation rate constants (E3 = RU16117 greater than E2 much greater than moxestrol) as well as studies in vivo revealed moxestrol as a long-acting and RU16117 as a short-acting compound. This difference may be useful for evaluation of the mediation of estrogen effects in the rat testis. PMID- 6523533 TI - Production, clearance rates and metabolic fate of estradiol-17 beta in the plasma of the laying hen. AB - A single dose of tritiated estradiol-17 beta (3H-E2 beta) was injected i.v. into 5 high egg producing White Leghorn hens, 31 weeks of age, at 19.2 +/- 2.1 (mean +/- S.D.) hr before oviposition. Blood (2 ml) was sampled at approximately 5 min intervals over 40 min. Whenever possible, metabolites were monitored and identified by the double isotope technique with the addition of the corresponding 14C-labelled standards to plasma prior to analysis. The metabolic half-life and clearance rate of 3H-E2 beta in plasma were 10.9 +/- 1.9 min and 118 +/- 18 ml/min/kg body weight, respectively. The calculated production rate of E2 beta at 19.2 hr before oviposition was 19.5 +/- 5.7 ng/min based on the plasma level (93 +/- 22 pg/ml) measured at that time. The relative concentrations (% of plasma radioactivity) of the major metabolites isolated at 5.7 +/- 0.6 min post injection were, in descending order: estradiol-17 beta-3-sulfate (E2 beta-3S: 14.9 +/- 2.7), estradiol-17 alpha-3-sulfate (E2 alpha-3S; 5.7 +/- 0.3), estrone (E1; 4.6 +/- 0.5), estrone sulfate (E1S; 2.2 +/- 0.5), and estradiol-17 alpha (E2 alpha; 1.2 +/- 0.4). As time proceeded, the relative concentration of E2 alpha-3S gradually increased so that by 43.2 +/- 1.0 min it became the most abundant identifiable metabolite (12.3 +/- 1.1) followed by E2 beta-3S (9.1 +/- 1.7), E1S (1.2 +/- 0.6), E1 (0.7 +/- 0.4) and E2 alpha (0.3 +/- 0.2). These findings are consistent with the view that one of the major pathways of E2 beta metabolism in the circulation of the hen is via E2 beta in equilibrium E2 beta-3S in equilibrium E1S in equilibrium E2 alpha-3S. PMID- 6523534 TI - Effect of 5 alpha-dihydrocorticoids on enzymes of gluconeogenesis in rat liver. AB - 5 alpha-Dihydrocortisol (11 beta, 17, 21-trihydroxy-5 alpha-pregnane-3,20-dione), 5 alpha-dihydrocorticosterone (11 beta, 21-dihydroxy-5 alpha-pregnane-3,20-dione) as well as cortisol (11 beta, 17, 21-trihydroxy-4-pregnene-3,20-dione) and corticosterone (11 beta, 21-dihydroxy-4-pregnene-3,20-dione) were administered for seven days to male rats. Blood glucose increased in cortisol- and corticosterone-treated rats and blood insulin decreased after 5 alpha dihydrocorticosteroid treatment. In the liver, total protein was elevated after cortisol, corticosterone and 5 alpha-dihydrocorticosterone application. Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase and fructose-1,6-diphosphatase activities in liver were significantly lowered after treatment with 5 alpha-dihydrocortisol and 5 alpha-dihydrocorticosterone. PMID- 6523535 TI - Selective oxidation of the double bonds in the 4-phenyl-1,2,4-triazoline-3,5 dione diels-alder adduct of ergosterol acetate. AB - Methods for oxidations at the 6(7)- and 22(23)-double bonds in the phenyltriazoline adduct of ergosterol acetate (I) are described. KMnO4 and OsO4 were found to react with the 6(7)-double bond to yield the 6,7-glycol and osmate ester, respectively. Other reagents (I2/AgOAc, H2O2, m-chloroperbenzoic acid, HCO3H) formed either isomeric epoxides or glycols with the 22(23)-double bond, with the latter two reagents giving their products in quite high yields. PMID- 6523536 TI - The X-ray investigation of 16 alpha,17 alpha-thiazolidine derivatives of delta 4- and delta 5-pregnanes and conformational analysis of their oxathiolane analog. AB - An X-ray study of 3,20-dioxo-4-pregnene-[16 alpha,17 alpha-d]--2',2' dimethylthiazolidine (I) and 3 beta-hydroxy-20-oxo-5--pregnene-[16 alpha,17 alpha d]-2',2'- dimethylthiazolidine (II) has been carried out. Two independent molecules in crystal II have significantly different conformations of the D and E rings, although according to the atom-atom potential calculations the energy of interaction of these molecules with their neighbors in crystal is the same. The calculation of conformational energy of 3,20-dioxo-4-pregnene-[17 alpha,16 alpha d]-2',2'--dimethyloxathiolane (III) by the molecular mechanics method (MMM) indicates a possibility of existence of two similar conformers also for this molecule. The MMM calculation shows also that the conformation of molecule III (as well as progesterone) with the 17 beta-acetyl group torsion angle C(16)C(17)C(20)0(20) close to -120 degrees is possible. PMID- 6523538 TI - A new route to A-norsteroid ketones: synthesis of A-nortestosterone. PMID- 6523537 TI - Cytosol androgen receptor (AR) in human skin fibroblasts: characterization of the binding reaction and differentiation from androgen binding molecules of lower affinity. AB - Androgen binding was studied in cytosol of human fibroblasts at 4 degrees C. When 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) was the ligand, a curvilinear Scatchard plot was seen, which was resolved into two components: I the androgen receptor (AR), Kd = 0.12-0.44 nM, and II a low affinity species, Kd = 6.3-28 nM. The same cytosol demonstrated only type I binding for 3H-methyltrienolone (MTr), Kd = 0.10 0.40 nM. The AR, i.e., 3H-MTr binding activity, eluted at 440,000 d by gel filtration chromatography in pre-labeling and post-labeling experiments. When the ligand was 3H-DHT, binding activity in the 10,000-45,000 d range was seen in addition to AR. Thus, saturable nonreceptor steroid binding was seen for DHT but not for MTr. The latter is the preferred ligand for the study of the AR in this system. PMID- 6523539 TI - Synthesis of 1-chloroestradiol. AB - The synthesis of the previously unknown 1-chloroestradiol (1), is reported. Addition of N-chlorosuccinimide/NaI in dioxane to 4-amino-estradiol 3-methyl ether (2), resulted in exclusive chlorination of the 1-position. Subsequent deamination and demethylation afforded 1 in good yields. PMID- 6523540 TI - Steroid dynamics in the rabbit. AB - Male rabbits were infused at a constant rate with 3H-androstenedione/14C-estrone (n = 5) or 3H-testosterone/14C-estradiol-17 beta (n = 3) for 3 1/2 hr and blood samples were obtained over the last hour and analyzed for radioactivity as androstenedione (A), testosterone (T), estrone (E1), estradiol-17 beta (E2 beta) and estradiol-17 alpha (E2 alpha). The mean value for the metabolic clearance rate of androstenedione (MCRA) was 85 +/- 10 l/day/kg, which was significantly greater than the mean MCRE1 59 +/- 10 l/day/kg. MCRT, 42 +/- 8 l/day/kg, and MCRE2 beta, 45 +/- 9 l/day/kg were not different. The conversion ratio of androstenedione to testosterone (CRA,T) was greater than CRT,A but for the estrogens, CRE2 beta, E1 was greater than CRE1,E2 beta. CRE2 beta, E2 alpha was greater than CRE1,E2 alpha. The overall aromatization of androstenedione to estrone, the fraction of 3H-androstenedione infused into the blood and measured as 3H-estrone in blood [( rho]A,E1BB) was 0.0005 +/- 0.0001 and for [rho]T,E2 beta BB was 0.0012 +/- 0.0006. In the rabbit both sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) and albumin binding may effect the MCRs, and peripheral aromatization of androgens occurs to a far lesser degree than in humans and primates. PMID- 6523541 TI - Specific antisera for the radioimmunoassay of estriol 3-sulfate. AB - Antisera were raised in male guinea pigs against 6-oxoestriol 3-sulfate O carboxymethyloxime-bovine serum albumin (BSA) conjugate. The antisera to this antigen exhibited high affinity (Ka=4.7 X 10(9)M-1) and excellent specificity for estriol 3-sulfate, showing slight cross-reactions (less than 0.43%) with other estrogen sulfates, and no cross-reactivities with free estrogens and other steroids (less than 0.01%) except cholesterol sulfate (0.22%). A standard curve using [6, 7-3H]-estriol 3-sulfate as the radioactive ligand showed high sensitivity in the range of 10-1000 pg estriol 3-sulfate. PMID- 6523542 TI - Ecdysteroid metabolism in a crab: Carcinus maenas L. AB - Ponasterone A (25-deoxy-20-hydroxyecdysone) and 20-hydroxyecdysone were the major ecdysteroids detected in crab hemolymph, although some ecdysone was also present. The metabolism of ponasterone A was examined in intermolt and premolt crabs either by injecting the radiolabeled hormone or by incubating tissues in its presence. Metabolites were extracted from the surrounding seawater and from tissues and separated by high-performance liquid chromatography. Ponasterone A metabolism proceeds through (1) C-25 and C-26 hydroxylation, followed by formation of inactivation products via oxidation of the terminal alcoholic group to a carboxylic residue, (2) conjugation, (3) "binding" to very polar compounds and (4) side-chain scission. The conversion of ponasterone A into 20 hydroxyecdysone, inokosterone (25-deoxy-20, 26-dihydroxyecdysone), 20, 26 dihydroxyecdysone and ecdysonoic acids, as well as the formation of conjugates and of very polar compounds, occurs in various tissues. These metabolites were excreted by both intermolt and premolt crabs. PMID- 6523543 TI - Magnal steroid hormone receptors during egg formation in the domestic hen. AB - Levels of magnal estrogen and progesterone receptors during egg formation in the hen were determined. Hens were sacrificed at various times after ovulation and magnal receptor levels were determined by tritiated hormone binding assays. A coincident increase in nuclear estrogen receptor and decrease in cytosol estrogen receptor 2 to 4 h postoviposition was suggestive of in vivo receptor translocation. At 12 to 16 h postoviposition cytosol progesterone receptor increased 2-fold and subsequently declined during the time of preovulatory progesterone surge (8 h to 6 h prior to expected ovulation). These data suggest that changes in circulating levels of estrogen and progesterone, associated with ovulation, are coordinated with oviductal function. This is reflected by fluxes of their respective oviductal receptors. PMID- 6523544 TI - Synthesis of 2-carboxy-11 beta, 17 beta-dihydroxy-17-methyl-1, 4-androstadien-3 one and related compounds. AB - A series of 2-carboxy-1, 4-androstadien-3-one derivatives and their alkyl esters, were prepared by high-yield syntheses. The compounds were structurally identified by physical methods. All these steroids are characterized by a marked antiglucocorticoid activity that proved long-acting in the case of the ester derivatives. 2-Carboxy-11 beta, 17 beta-dihydroxy-17-methyl-1, 4-androstadien-3 one or roxibolone, and its n-decylester or decylroxibolone, are the most promising derivatives in consideration of their pharmacological properties. PMID- 6523545 TI - Synthesis and cytotoxic activity of estrogen alpha-methylene-delta-lactones. AB - Several estrogen derivatives containing the alpha-methylene-delta-lactone group as part of the D-ring were prepared as anti-tumor agents. The compounds were highly toxic towards HeLa S3 cells grown in culture. PMID- 6523546 TI - The structure of steroids and their diffusion through blood vessel walls in a counter-current system. AB - Several substances including prostaglandin F2 alpha, progesterone and 85-krypton have been shown to be transferred from the venous side to the arterial side of the circulation in the ovarian vascular pedicle. Experiments were therefore carried out to study the transfer of three pairs of steroids (progesterone and 20 alpha-dihydroprogesterone, C-21; androstenedione and testosterone, C-19; and estrone and estradiol-17 beta, C-18) in which each member of a pair differed by one hydroxyl group. Each pair of steroids, one labeled with 3H and the other with 14C, were infused in sequence for 30 minutes into a side branch of an ovarian vein near the hilus of the ovary with a rest period of 90 minutes between infusions. An increase in radioactivity in ovarian arterial plasma compared to the radioactivity in an equal volume of aortic plasma sampled simultaneously was used as the index for a direct transfer of steroids from the ovarian vein to the adjacent ovarian artery. All six steroids showed such a transfer which began 3 to 6 minutes after the start of each infusion and decreased rapidly after the infusion was stopped. The results of this study also showed that a larger quantity of the less polar (ketonic) form of each steroid pair examined was transferred than its hydroxyl counterpart. PMID- 6523547 TI - Preparation of 2,3-seco-5 alpha-cholestane-2,3-diol and 4 alpha-methyl-2,3-seco-5 alpha-cholestane-2,3-diol and its reactions with o-nitrophenyl selenocyanate. AB - The reaction of 2,3-seco-5 alpha-cholestane-2,3-diol and 4 alpha-methyl-2,3-seco 5 alpha-cholestane-2,3-diol with o-nitrophenyl selenocyanate was studied. The diols were synthesized from cholesterol. PMID- 6523549 TI - Androgen control of transcortin binding capacity in adult male ducks. AB - In adult male ducks submitted to marked variations in plasma testosterone concentration, plasma transcortin (CBG) levels were shown to be closely related to the level of plasma testosterone. In connection with previous data on female ducks, the results strongly support the evidence that at least in this species, CBG is under a stimulatory control by testosterone. PMID- 6523548 TI - Synthesis of a precursor for the preparation of 9 alpha,11 alpha-tritiated 5 alpha-androstane-3 alpha,17 beta-diol 17-glucuronide. AB - Starting from 11 beta-hydroxytestosterone, we achieved the synthesis of a strategic precursor, C-9 (11) unsaturated 5 alpha-androstane-3 alpha, 17 beta diol 17-glucuronide (9a), for the preparation of 9 alpha,11 alpha-tritiated 5 alpha-androstane-3 alpha, 17 beta-diol 17-glucuronide. We optimized the reaction conditions for catalytic reduction employing hydrogen and subsequent base hydrolysis followed by purification on Amberlite XAD-2 resin to obtain the saturated 5 alpha-androstane-3 alpha, 17 beta-diol 17-glucuronide. PMID- 6523550 TI - Simultaneous quantification of progesterone, estrone, estradiol-17 beta and corticosterone in female American kestrel plasma. AB - Progesterone, estrone, estradiol-17 beta and corticosterone were quantified simultaneously for the first time in female American kestrel (Falco sparverius) plasma. A mean level for each hormone was determined for the laying and non laying periods of the summer (April-September), and for February. Means were comparable to those of other wild avian species and were significantly higher for the laying period than for the other 2 periods. The mean corticosterone level for February was higher than that for the non-laying summer period. Plasma from laying kestrels, unlike that from other avian species, required lipid removal before column chromatography. Of 2 lipid removal techniques compared, i.e. the cold methanol and hexane:methanol techniques, the latter proved superior. PMID- 6523551 TI - Nuclear binding of cortisol in intestinal mucosa and liver of a teleost fish (Salmo gairdnerii irideus). AB - Nuclear binding of corticosteroids in fish tissues was investigated in two target organs of the trout Salmo gairdnerii irideus: the liver and the intestinal mucosa. Incubation of intact nuclei with [3H]-cortisol or [3H]-dexamethasone failed to demonstrate high-affinity binding of these steroids to proteins. Exchange assay of [3H]-cortisol in high-salt nuclear extracts indicated an association constant Ka = 1.9 X 10(4) M-1 for intestinal mucosa and 2.1 X 10(4) M 1 for liver. In sea water-adapted trout, the association constant remained the same as in fresh water. These results extend previous observations obtained on the cytosol which showed that no high-affinity receptors could be disclosed in fish tissues using these two corticosteroids. PMID- 6523552 TI - Rat uterine polyamine biosynthetic decarboxylase activities following multiple injections of estradiol-17 beta and/or estriol. AB - A single injection of 0.5 micrograms estradiol-17 beta (E2) plus 0.5 micrograms estriol (E3) stimulated a different pattern in 22-24 day-old rat uterine ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) and S-adenosyl methionine decarboxylase (SAMDC) activities than was induced by either a single injection of 0.5 micrograms E2 or multiple injections of 0.5 micrograms E3. Differences included alterations in enzyme activity peak timing as well as activity duration. Every 3 hour injections of 0.05 micrograms E2 induced maximum uterine ODC activity at 4, 24, 32, and 40 hours, intermediate activity at 48, 64, and 72 hours as well as a small peak by 56 hours. When 0.05 micrograms E2 plus 0.05 micrograms E3 were injected simultaneously every 3 hours, the ODC activity pattern was similar except that activity fell to intermediate levels by 40 hours. It is suggested that E3 alterations of E2 induced uterine enzyme activities (when monitored at frequent intervals) could be physiological alterations in uterine growth responses due to E2-E3 hormone interactions. However, there appeared to be no differences between E2 or E2 plus E3 induction of DNA synthesis and luminal epithelial cell height and cross-sectional area or ODC and SAMDC activities when measured at 24, 48, or 72 hours. PMID- 6523554 TI - Synthesis of 5 alpha-androstane-3 alpha, 16 alpha, 17 beta-triol from 3 beta hydroxy-5-androsten-17-one. AB - 5 alpha-Androstane-3 alpha, 16 alpha, 17 beta-triol was synthesized from 3 beta hydroxy-5-androsten-17-one. The procedure involved catalytic hydrogenation of 3 beta-hydroxy-5-androsten-17-one to 3 beta-hydroxy-5 alpha-androstan-17-one. This was followed by conversion of the 3 beta-hydroxy group to 3 alpha-benzoyloxy group by the Mitsunobu reaction. Further treatment with isopropenyl acetate yielded 5 alpha-androsten-16-ene-3 alpha, 17-diol 3-benzoate 17-acetate. This was then converted to 3 alpha, 17-dihydroxy-5 alpha-androstan-16-one 3-benzoate 17 acetate via the unstable epoxide intermediate after treatment with m cloroperoxybenzoic acid. LiA1H4 reduction of this compound formed 5 alpha androstane-3 alpha, 16 alpha, 17 beta-triol. 1H and 13C NMR of various steroids are presented to confirm the structure of this compound. PMID- 6523553 TI - Efficacy of five methods for the bound-free separation of gluco- and mineralocorticoids from type I, II and III receptors found in hepes- and tris buffered mouse brain cytosol. AB - We compared the efficacy of G-25 and LH-20 column chromatography, dextran-coated charcoal adsorption, and DEAE-cellulose and glass fiber filter disc assays to separate unbound steroids from three classes of brain cytosolic receptors prepared in HEPES and TRIS buffers and labeled selectively as follows: Type I = [3H]aldosterone + unlabeled RU26988, Type II = [3H]triamcinolone acetonide and Type III = [3H]corticosterone + unlabeled Prorenone and RU26988. Prorenone and RU26988 were added to reduce unwanted [3H]steroid binding to Type I and Type II receptors, respectively. In each case total, non-specific and specific binding and free steroid were compared individually. No single assay was found to be best for all three receptor classes, but both buffers and most assays could be used with appropriate correction factors. Variations between the results with different assays suggest fundamental differences between the three classes of adrenosteroid receptors and their ligands. PMID- 6523555 TI - Epithelial-like cells containing lymphocytes (nurse cells) in human adenoids and tonsils. AB - Epithelial cells filled with lymphocytes (nurse cells, NC), recently described in mouse, rat and human thymus, have been interpreted as mediators of direct contact ('stromal') induced thymocyte maturation. We describe analogous NC in trypsin dissociated human adenoids and tonsils. NC from these organs show morphological characteristics analogous to those of thymic NC: they appear as large (diameter 30-35 micrometers) elements, containing peripherally situated tonofilament bundles, electrodense mitochondria and some vacuoles. Each NC contains 5-30 intact lymphoid cells, some of which appear in the activated state. NC show neither phagocytic ability, nor ANAE and peroxidase cytochemical reactions. The majority of NC from adenoids and tonsils react with the monoclonal antibody (McAb) OKIa1 (DR w framework) as those from thymus, and 40% of them bind fluorescein-conjugated peanut agglutinin. Some of them also react with the McAb OKT3 (pan-T), OKT9 (transferrin receptors) and OKT10 (immature hematopoietic cells). The presence of NC in adenoids and tonsils suggests that these organs may be involved in some stages of lymphocyte maturation requiring intimate contact with epithelial cells. PMID- 6523556 TI - Thymic Hassall's corpuscles-epidermis antigenic relations defined by a common glycoprotein in man (GP 37). AB - Immunological identification of a common ConA reactive glycoprotein to Hassall's corpuscles (HC) and keratinocytes is reported. By using a gross separation of epidermis into upper and lower layers, we have demonstrated a group of Concanavalin A (ConA) reactive glycoproteins that are characteristic of the upper more differentiated layers of the epidermis. On of them, of 37 Kd MW (GP37), has been immunologically localized within human epidermal granular cells. This limited localization was confirmed by electron microscopy. In thymus, the HC and some medullary epithelial cells were found reactive. This study demonstrated that some thymic epithelial cells from the medulla and the HC shared a defined antigenic specificity common to epidermal granular cells. This immunocytochemical approach and previous ones allow a better understanding of epidermis-thymus interactions. PMID- 6523557 TI - [Gerontophobia and medical education]. AB - A literature survey showed that students in different medical professions, young nurses and young doctors, have difficulty in dealing with elderly patients. In medical teaching insufficient attention is paid to this age group which is one of the most important target groups in medical care. Possible educational goals and desirable changes in medical education are described. A certain selection of residents before accepting them for the training in those specialisms, where the care of the aged is extensive (family medicine, medicine in long stay institutions, internal medicine) seems necessary for the improvement of geriatric health care. PMID- 6523558 TI - [General systems theory, a mental frame for geriatric psychiatry]. AB - Though psychogeriatrics is becoming a word of common usage, it is not a word of common meaning. This is a consequence of the lack of a generally accepted theoretical model regarding the complex and multiple pathology of the psychiatric disturbances of older people. On epistemological grounds the author stresses the necessity of a common theoretical concept and as such introduces the General System Theory. The systems approach then shows that the word 'psychogeriatrics' is rooted in a reductionistic concept of man. In order to avoid this the author prefers 'psychiatry of old age' to cover the broad field of the psychiatric disturbances of the elderly. PMID- 6523559 TI - [A retrospective study of duration of illness in a group of nursing home patients with a dementia syndrome]. AB - In this study 127 patients with dementia were investigated, with known age of onset (mean age: 75.6 years), who died between 1979 and 1983 in a psychogeriatric nursing home. The mean period between onset of illness and admission into the nursing home was 4.8 years, while the mean total duration of illness was 7.7 years. These data were compared with the mean life expectancy of the Dutch population (CBS, Life tables of the population of the Netherlands by sex and age). There appeared to be little difference between the survival time from onset of illness and the mean expected life span, controlled for age and sex. After admission however, there was a 53% reduction of life expectancy. Life expectancy from both age at onset and age on admission, was better for women and the eldest patients. PMID- 6523560 TI - The statistical analysis of microfilarial skin snip counts: stabilization of the variance of microfilarial counts. AB - Microfilarial skin snip counts from savannah and rain forest areas of West Africa and from Central America were analyzed. Before parametric statistical tests, such as the comparison of means, can be properly performed, the variance must be independent of the mean. The best transformation of the skin snip counts to make the variance independent of the mean was determined. Frequency distributions of skin snip counts are shown for several different transformations. In three out of four sets of data that were examined, the best transformation was found to be the fourth root of the counts, not the logarithm of the count as has been customarily used. PMID- 6523561 TI - Development of onchocerca lienalis and O. volvulus from the third to fourth larval stage in vitro. AB - Third-stage larvae of Onchocerca volvulus and O. lienalis were observed to molt to the fourth stage in various cell-free in vitro systems. The percentage of O. lienalis completing the molt was similar in the three culture media and two gas phases tested ranging from 44.8% (1:1 IMDM:NCTC + 5% CO2: 95% N2) to 56.7% (L-15 + 5% CO2: 95% air). Percent molting in O. volvulus ranged from 0% (F12(K) + 5% CO2: 95% N2) to 33.3% (L-15 + 5% CO2: 95% N2). All media were supplemented with either 20% FCS or 20% horse serum. Molting by O. lienalis occurred on days 2-5 in culture. Molting by O. volvulus was observed as early as day 5 and as late as day 10. Incomplete casting of the third-stage cuticle was frequently observed in O. volvulus. Larvae of both species entered a lethargus 24-48 hours prior to the onset of molting. Maximum survival in culture was 42 days for O. lienalis and 25 days for O. volvulus. Significant growth of larval O. lienalis was noted early in the culture period, but neither species continued development to the fifth stage. PMID- 6523562 TI - Blood meal enhanced onchocerca development and its correlation with fecundity in laboratory reared blackflies (Diptera, Simuliidae). AB - Simulium ornatum s.l. is a natural vector of Onchocerca lienalis in Britain. These studies investigated the role of the blood meal on the development of the parasite in the thoracic musculature. Infection was by the standard technique of intrathoracic injection, allowing precise doses of microfilariae to be administered. Prior to infection flies were fed on bovine blood through a chick skin membrane. In 3 trials the number of O. lienalis larvae developing in non blood fed flies was between 60.2 and 68.4% lower than in blood fed insects. The mean number of eggs recovered per fly ranged from 131.7 to 187.5 in infected groups. In uninfected control groups the levels ranged from 315.4 to 378.1 per fly. This represents reductions in fecundity of between 50.4 and 51.7% in infected groups of simuliids. It appears that in order to maintain relatively high levels of transmission an intermediate blood meal, between uptake of microfilariae and release of infective stage larvae, may be important. Furthermore, great care must be taken when using fecundity to assess the age of simuliids. Levels of parasitic infection may affect egg production to a much greater extent. PMID- 6523563 TI - Entamoeba gingivalis: prevalence amongst inhabitants of the Niger Delta. AB - A survey based on microscopic examination of scrapping taken from the gum-line was conducted on the prevalence of Entamoeba gingivalis amongst inhabitants of the Niger Delta area of Nigeria. An overall prevalence of 6.9% was recorded. Infection was highest among the 5-10 year age group (22.9%) and dropped progressively with increase in age of the subjects such that by the age of 29 years it had fallen to 5.7%. No significant difference (p less than 0.005) could be detected regarding infection amongst smokers (4.1%) and non-smokers (4.3%) or between male (6.8%) and female subjects (7.0%). PMID- 6523564 TI - [Morphological and morphometric research on fibroblasts with genetically determined metabolic defects]. AB - The skin fibroblasts from people with the inherited metabolism diseases were studied by the methods of electron microscopy, light autoradiography and morphometric analysis. Comparison of morphological and morphometric data for the structure of the protein-synthesizing apparatus of the normal and deficient fibroblasts showed a significant role of the posttranslational regulation level of the basic specific syntheses in deficient fibroblasts. PMID- 6523565 TI - [Mast cell origin studied by H3-thymidine radioautography]. AB - Reproduction of mast cells has been investigated by means of H3-thymidine radioautography in 26 mature mice of CC-57 White line and in 40 new-born nonlinear albino rats under normal conditions and experimental cold effect. It is established that differentiated mast cells incorporate H3-thymidine and can enter the phase of DNA synthesis of a proliferative cycle. PMID- 6523566 TI - [Principles of cytogenetic examination for detecting occupational hazards]. AB - The main principles are stated of carrying out a cytogenetic examination of human populations on the basis of critical analysis of data from literature and the authors' own experience in this field. The method for estimation of sister chromatid exchanges is shown expedient to be used together with the chromosome aberration analysis in carrying out cytogenetic examinations. Statistically ascertained approaches are adduced to select the necessary amount of persons examined in groups and the number of cells for analysis when using methods for estimation of sister chromatid exchanges and chromosome aberrations. PMID- 6523567 TI - [Development and survival of mouse embryos in intra- and interstrain transplants]. AB - Survival rate and weight of embryos were studied in the Balb/c, CBA//ac and C57BL/6j mice, developed from several combinations of transplantation. The weight of allogenic fetus as well as syngenic fetus which developed together with allogenic ones was detected to increase. This increased weight does not result from survival of certain genotype embryos, but seems to be due to genetical differences in the mother-embryo system. PMID- 6523568 TI - [The erythrocyte: aging of the cell and aging of the body]. AB - The factor analysis of the osmotic erythrocyte resistance involved 380 human subjects of both sexes aged from 20 to 106 years. It has been found that body aging is accompanied by a more marked aging of the blood cells during their circulation in the blood. PMID- 6523569 TI - [Genetics of Patau's syndrome (an analysis of 59 families)]. AB - Different parental translocations were observed in 11 out of 59 families where a child with Patau's syndrome was born. All cases, except for one with t(13; 18) (q14; q23) in the father, revealed the Robertsonian translocations. In most cases there were t(13; 14). The t(13; 15) and t(13; 13) translocations were detected in one mother each. The latter woman bore three babies with Patau's syndrome. One boy in this series had trisomy 13 and sporadic translocation t(2; 22) (q31; q13) simultaneously. PMID- 6523570 TI - [Genetics of congenital esophageal defects]. AB - An analysis of 304 cases of esophageal atresia in fetuses and neonates showed that frequency of other congenital malformations is 43.1% including 10% of chromosomal disorders and monogenous syndromes. Summarizing the authors' own data and evidences from literature the genetic risk for sibs is calculated to be 0.88% and heredity--57.3 +/- 5.1%. The hypothesis that esophageal atresia is a malformation of multifactorial genesis with polygenic hereditary component is confirmed. PMID- 6523571 TI - [Ultrastructure of the fibrillar center in oocyte nucleoli at the diplonema stage in the golden hamster]. AB - Topography of the fibrillar centre and other nucleolar components has been studied during the oocyte large growth in golden hamster. The fibrillar centre was found to show a tendency to marginal distribution, which is characteristic of the initial period of large growth and its final stages. Localization of the fibrillar centre correlates with the amount of granular component and the general level of the nucleus transcription activity. A possible role of the marginal localization of the nucleolus fibrillar centre in maturating oocytes is discussed as a distinguishing trait of chromosomes that enter into meiosis. PMID- 6523572 TI - [Fluorescence microscopic and autoradiographic analyses of the differential reaction of various regions of polytene chromosomes in Chironomus to prolonged exposure to 7-amino-actinomycin D and 3H-actinomycin D]. AB - Dynamics of binding of a fluorescent analogue of actinomycin D -- 7-amino actinomycin D -- and 3H-actinomycin D with polytene chromosomes of Ch. thummi was studied. Biological effects of AMD, 7-amino-AMD, and 3H-AMD on polytene chromosomes were found to be similar. These ligands provoke the reduction of the nucleolus and Balbiani rings and the appearance of giant pseudo-puffs in heterochromatic centromere regions of polytene chromosomes. There was no intermediate binding of 7-amino-AMD to DNA in vivo both after a longterm treatment of larvae with fluorochrome and in chase experiments. It was found that a loosening of chromatin in centromere regions accompanied by a weakening of its fluorescence took place in the formation of pseudo-puffs. Possible mechanisms of pseudo-puff formation under the influence of AMD and 7-amino-AMD are discussed. Essential factors may be peculiarities of DNA nucleotide composition in centromere regions, DNA packing, alteration of physico-chemical properties of DNA in the complex with AMD (despiralizations and elongation), and an inhibition of RNA synthesis necessary for the maintenance of normal structure of polytene chromosomes. PMID- 6523573 TI - [Characteristics of hepatocyte proliferation in the regenerating rat liver with hydroxyurea synchronization of the proliferative processes]. AB - 5-week old rats underwent a partial hepatectomy (2/3 of the liver was removed). The operated rats were repeatedly injected hydroxyurea, within 9-24 or 12-24 hours following operation. Proliferation of hepatocytes and non-parenchymal cells in the regenerating liver was studied. Five or six injections of hydroxyurea increased the labelling index of hepatocytes up to 62.5% and induced proliferation of bile duct cells significantly. PMID- 6523574 TI - [Capacity for differentiation and normalization of tumor cell populations in transplantation into the anterior chamber of the eye. III. Rhabdomyosarcoma A-7 clones]. AB - Four clone lines of transplantable cell polymorphic rhabdomyosarcoma A-7 were investigated during transplantation to the subcutaneous connective tissue (SCT) and into eye anterior chamber (EAC). Cell morphology of transplants was studied by light and electron microscopy, the activity of their LDH M- and H-subunits was examined cytochemically, and the quantity of their nuclear DNA- cytophotometrically. In the case of A-7/1, A-7/2 and A-7/3 cell lines of EAC transplants we noticed a decrease in cell element kataplasia levels, differences in LDH M- and H-form ratio, reduction in the karyotype variability. Transplants of A-7/4 clone line were similar in SCT and EAC for all the signs studied. The results obtained show that the transplantable cell polymorphic rhabdomyosarcoma A 7 is heterogeneous for its differentiation and normalizing capacities during EAC proliferation. The data reported elsewhere concerning capability of four lines of murine rhabdomyosarcomas to normalize in EAC are discussed, and some possible mechanisms of this effect are regarded. PMID- 6523575 TI - [Defect in the caffeine-dependent postreplication DNA repair in UV-sensitive Chinese hamster clone cells]. AB - The postreplication repair of DNA in the presence of caffeine was investigated in the Chinese hamster clones cells of different UV-sensitivity. Caffeine (10(-2)M) inhibits the repair of daughter DNA (PRR of DNA) in the UV-light irradiated cells of UV-resistant clones CHO-K1, 14-2C-1 and V79, but does not influence the PRR of DNA in cells of UV-sensitive clones CHS1 and CHS2. Thus, deficiency of PRR of DNA in cells of UV-sensitive clones (the repair of daughter DNA is significantly retarded) is associated with the defect of the caffeine-dependent component of this repair process. PMID- 6523576 TI - [Inhibitor interaction in the suppression of ribosomal RNA synthesis in Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells]. AB - Kinetic analysis of inhibitory action of papaverine, 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP) and actinomycin D on RNA synthesis in the intact Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells has shown that the action of these agents is mediated by their effect on the same step of rRNA synthesis. PMID- 6523577 TI - [DNA replication in mammalian cells exposed to physical, chemical or biological factors. II. DNA-complex and nucleoid recovery and DNA replication after gamma irradiation]. AB - In the irradiated mammalian cells the repair of DNA-membrane complexes (DMC) and nucleoid structure was shown to proceed more quickly than the restoration of DNA synthesis. It is suggested that the repair of DNA-membrane complexes and nucleoid structure is necessary but not sufficient for normalization of DNA replication. PMID- 6523578 TI - [Gravimetric analysis of the lipid content in neuronal cytoplasm]. AB - A method is described for determination of volume concentration and quantity of lipids in the single nerve cell cytoplasm isolated from freeze-dried nerve tissue sections. PMID- 6523579 TI - Crossbreeding cattle in beef production programmes in Kenya. II. Comparison of purebred Boran and Boran crossed with the Red Poll and Santa Gertrudis breeds. AB - Two series of breed group comparisons for maternal traits were conducted at one location in Kenya. Data were collected on breed group series I for three years (Boran, 1/2 Red Poll-1/2 Boran (1/2 RP-1/2 B), 1/3 Red Poll-2/3 Boran (1/3 RP-2/3 B) and 2/3 Red Poll-1/3 Boran (2/3 RP-1/3 B) and on breed group series II for five years (Boran, 1/2 Santa Gertrudis-1/2 Boran (1/2 SG-1/2 B) and 1/2 Red Poll 1/2 Boran (1/2 RP-1/2 B]. The advantage in calf weight weaned per year per cow calving of 15.4% for the mean of three Red Poll-Boran crossbred groups over the purebred Boran in breed group series I can probably be accounted for by maternal heterosis. Thus the Red Poll breed probably does not exceed the Boran breed in additive maternal genetic effects in the environment where these data were collected. But the results suggest that the Red Poll breed exceeds the Boran breed in additive direct genetic effects for size while the Boran breed exceeds the Red Poll breed in additive maternal genetic effects as expressed by calf weight weaned per year per cow calving. Breed group series II comparisons show the Boran and the 1/2 SG-1/2 B breed groups do not differ (P greater than 0.05) in calf weight weaned per year per cow calving. The 1/2 SG-1/2 B breed group has maximum expected maternal heterosis; thus, it is indicated that the Boran breed exceeds the Santa Gertrudis breed in additive maternal genetic effects but the Santa Gertrudis breed exceeds the Boran breed in additive direct genetic effects for size. PMID- 6523580 TI - Effect of management changes on hatchability and bacterial infections on a Saudi Arabian poultry breeding farm. AB - A new management programme for improvement of hatchability and reduction of transmission of bacterial potential pathogens from breeders to hatchery products was applied on a Saudi Arabian poultry farm. The technical changes included better nest engineering, improved cleaning of hatching eggs and better criteria for selecting eggs for incubation. The new nests led to a change in laying behaviour with 86.6% of eggs layed in nests which was significantly higher than was achieved previously. Bacterial penetration in dirty floor eggs was significantly higher than in clean nest eggs. The average hatchability was significantly higher for the flock under the new management than for the same age flock under the old management. The new management reduced transmission of paratyphoid organisms and Escherichia coli from infected breeders to their hatchery products. The old and new managements differed in the percentage of products infected with Salmonella. PMID- 6523581 TI - Control of ovine brucellosis in Najdi sheep in Saudi Arabia. AB - A practical programme for control of ovine brucellosis in a Najdi sheep flock at Haradh and protection of sheep handlers from infection was implemented. Haradh sheep were serologically tested three times at six-month intervals. Of 2,721 sheep subjected to the first tests, 387 (14.2%) were positive reactors. At the second test 2,072 sheep were tested and 31 (1.5%) were positive. The third test was performed on 2,963 sheep and only nine (0.3%) positive reactors were found. Of eight sheep handlers six had Malta fever. Positive reactor sheep were slaughtered and buried after each test. Following the third test all negative sheep were vaccinated with inactivated Brucella melitensis vaccine. Infected sheep handlers were treated at the Haradh clinic. One year after completion of the programme abortions and infertility problems had disappeared and the lambing percentage had increased from 0.8 to 1.3 lambs per ewe. In addition all young lambs born to vaccinated ewes were found to be serologically negative. We suggest expansion of the present programme into a national brucellosis control campaign in the kingdom. PMID- 6523582 TI - Levels of some reproductive diseases in the dairy cattle of Colombia. AB - Of 4,144 serum samples collected from cows on 113 farms from eight areas of Colombia 3.3% had positive and 8.8% inconclusive titres to Brucella abortus, 21.7, 6.3, 1.6, 0.6 and 0.7% of cows had positive titres to Leptospira serovars hardjo, pomona, canicola, icterohaemorrhagiae and grippotyphosa respectively. Questionnaires completed on 110 farms revealed that 6, 2.5 and 4.6% of cows had had metritis, aborted or retained their placentas respectively in the previous 12 months. Trichomonas foetus and Campylobacter fetus were isolated from 13.7% and 15% of the bulls sampled on 103 farms. Six and two bulls had inconclusive and positive titres to Brucella abortus. Eight and 23 bulls had positive titres to pomona and hardjo. The results were discussed and remedies for control suggested. PMID- 6523583 TI - Border disease in Syria. PMID- 6523584 TI - Epidemiology of Oestrus ovis infection of sheep in Morocco. AB - The epidemiology of Oestrus ovis was studied by two methods, slaughterhouse survey and tracer lambs study. The prevalence of infection varied from 10 to 100%, the highest being between June and September and the lowest in March. The mean annual larval burden was 6.7. The maximum number of larvae recovered from a single head was 35 in the month of September. Two larval peaks were observed, the first in May and June and the second in September and October. The flies are absent from December to March. The first generation flies appear in April and up to four generations may occur during the year. During the hottest month of the year (August) flies are either absent or in negligible numbers. During winter the perpetuation of species is ensured by the overwintering larvae in the heads of sheep and the pupae on the ground. PMID- 6523585 TI - [The menarche in Denmark from the 1830s to 1983]. PMID- 6523586 TI - [Exertion syncope in aortic stenosis]. PMID- 6523587 TI - [Idiopathic recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis. Observation and elucidation]. PMID- 6523588 TI - [Radiographic examination of the hands in suspected rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 6523589 TI - [Central pontine myelinolysis]. PMID- 6523590 TI - [Stercoral ulceration and perforation of the sigmoid]. PMID- 6523591 TI - [Stercoral perforation of the colon and rectum]. PMID- 6523592 TI - [Gallstones in the gastric aspirate]. PMID- 6523593 TI - [Waldenstrom's hyperglobulinemic purpura in a patient with alcoholic liver cirrhosis]. PMID- 6523594 TI - [Eye injuries may be due to the potted plant Dieffenbachia]. PMID- 6523595 TI - [Primary diffuse tracheobronchial amyloidosis]. PMID- 6523596 TI - [Clozepine (Leponex)]. PMID- 6523597 TI - [The health and occupational environment of slaughterhouse workers. I. Description of background, methods and population]. PMID- 6523598 TI - [The health and occupational environment of slaughterhouse workers. II. Occupational accidents]. PMID- 6523599 TI - [Productivity the hospital system during 1979-82. Review of Chapter 3 of the report on "Hospital Organization and Economy"]. PMID- 6523600 TI - [Total gastrectomy]. PMID- 6523602 TI - [Volvulus of the sigmoid colon]. PMID- 6523601 TI - [The histological picture of the gastric and duodenal mucosa in X-ray negative dyspepsia. Before and after treatment with cimetidine]. PMID- 6523603 TI - [Conservative treatment of rupture of the lateral ligament of the ankle. Prospective comparison of 2 conservative therapeutic methods]. PMID- 6523604 TI - [Kerion celci. A fungal infection which is frequently wrongly diagnosed]. PMID- 6523605 TI - [Paracetamol poisoning]. PMID- 6523606 TI - [Accidental paracetamol poisoning]. PMID- 6523607 TI - [Postgastrectomy bezoar]. PMID- 6523608 TI - [Obliterative bronchiolitis in rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 6523609 TI - [Corneal ulceration in connection with the use of bone cement]. PMID- 6523610 TI - [First referrals to out-patient clinics for alcoholics in Aarhus in 1972-73 and 1982. Referral rates, social conditions and significance of the distance of the clinic]. PMID- 6523611 TI - [Fatal accidents following collisions with large animals]. PMID- 6523612 TI - [The risk of electric fences]. PMID- 6523613 TI - [Death in connection with active sports]. PMID- 6523614 TI - [Diagnosis of deep venous thrombosis in Danish medical departments. A questionnaire study]. PMID- 6523615 TI - [Finger infections. 250 patients treated in an emergency department]. PMID- 6523617 TI - [Liver shock and encephalopathy in an amateur runner]. PMID- 6523618 TI - [Fatty infiltration of the heart. Cause of sudden death in connection with physical exertion]. PMID- 6523616 TI - [Clinical dietition in general practice. The effect of dietary advice to obese patients and diabetics]. PMID- 6523619 TI - [Acute myocarditis. Cause of sudden death in connection with physical exertion]. PMID- 6523620 TI - [New models of the dangers of tracheo-bronchial foreign bodies]. PMID- 6523621 TI - [Refracture of a femur neck fracture treated with osteosynthesis]. PMID- 6523622 TI - [Acute diverticulitis in the cecum and ascending colon]. PMID- 6523623 TI - [Mortality caused by cardiovascular diseases in Denmark before and after the introduction of the pill]. PMID- 6523624 TI - [Sudden unexpected natural death between 2 and 30 years. A review of 78 cases]. PMID- 6523625 TI - [The problem formulating phase in general practice]. PMID- 6523626 TI - [Deaths among joggers]. PMID- 6523627 TI - [Nitrates in drinking water and methemoglobinemia]. PMID- 6523628 TI - [Calibration of pressure-measuring foil in biomechanics]. AB - Concerning the calibration of the Prescale foil - a pressure sensitive foil, which shows a monochromatic, pressure depending coloration when loaded - some interesting new facts were ascertained. The coloration of the foil does not depend on the pressure load only, but also on the material of the pressing bodies. Calibration using hard material (high Elastic-Module, e.g. steel) results in a lower maximal optical density compared to soft material (low Elastic-Module, e.g. a hydraulic system) at the same pressure level. Due to wellknown facts of the pressure conditioned in a joint, a hydraulic system is more equivalent to joint conditions. Therefore, a calibration method based on a hydraulic system should be preferred if the Prescale foil is used in biomechanics. Furthermore, the density of coloration depends on the speed of pressure increase, too. A faster load of a particular pressure results in a denser coloration. Pressure increase during calibration shall be the same as during investigation. Both effects are statistically significant. PMID- 6523629 TI - [Conventional roentgen diagnosis of the proximal end of the humerus]. AB - Rarely the spectrum of conventional radiographic studies of the proximal humerus resp. shoulder joint is used in its full potential. This frequently results in erroneous interpretation. Five essential X-ray examinations are presented with respect to technique and diagnostic value. PMID- 6523630 TI - [Diagnosis of carpal bone dislocations]. AB - The importance of initial diagnosis of luxationes of the carpal bones to prevent severe belated harm is emphasized. For reliable diagnosis instructiones to check the x-ray pictures are discussed and illustrated by demonstrating four clinical radiological cases. PMID- 6523631 TI - [Femoral neck fractures in childhood]. AB - Twenty-eight fractures of the neck of the femur occurred in children between 1963 and 1982 were treated and followed up at the Pediatric Surgical Hospital of the University of Mainz. Three children had transepiphyseal fractures (type I), eight children transcervical fractures (typ II), six children cervicobasal fractures (typ III), and eleven children pertrochanteric fractures (typ IV). Surgical intervention was performed in fifteen children, and thirteen children were submitted to conservative treatment. The results were evaluated according to a new system considering troubles, mobility, and X-ray findings. The evaluation showed good results in twenty children, bad results in two children, and satisfactory results in one child. Five children could not be evaluated. Complications necessitating an osteotomy with change of the bone position were only seen after conservative treatment. The therapeutic procedure applied in order to prevent the most severe complication, i.e. the aseptic necrosis of the femoral head, is pointed out. PMID- 6523632 TI - [Femoral shaft fractures in early childhood]. AB - 30 infants, one to three years old, with femoral shaft fractures were follow-up examined 12 years after the accident. In all those case it led within the described treatment to a beloadable healing of the fractures within six weeks. In 73% overgrowth could be noticed, which was on average of 13 mm. As factors which exercise an influence on the overgrowth the localisation of the fracture and the shortening during the healing-process can be called. Failures of the axes up to 15 degrees were completely corrected. Based on the clinical results a spontaneous correction of rotation failures can be accepted. PMID- 6523633 TI - [Functional treatment method following patellar dislocations]. AB - Acute, as well as recurrent, dislocations of the patella often are treated conservatively. However, an increasing number of authors are recommending early surgical treatment for primary, traumatic, as well as congenital, dislocations of the patella. The purpose of this report was to determine, which cases should be treated by operation or conservatively by a specific patellar protection program. This program includes four phases or rehabilitation: Phase I: Antiinflammatory measures (ice, compression and elevation, non steroidal medications), specific exercises (isometrics, straight leg raises with no weight, side leg raises with no weight), active range of motion, passive range of motion with no weights, flexibility of back, hip, hamstrings, quadriceps, ankle, groin and general exercises (swimming, general conditioning and opposite extremity program). Phase II: Continue isometric program, progressive-resistive program with ankle weights, continue flexibility program, lateral step-ups if terminal extension painful, eccentric isometrics if straight leg raises painful, continue swimming, may begin low resistance cycling if motion adequate. Phase III: Isotonic progressive resistive exercise program, exercise to fatigue using weight or similar equipment (quadriceps, hamstrings, circuit exercises). Phase IV: Slow return to sports to develop specific neuromuscular skills at that sport, continued strength and endurance training. Continue weight machines and a full range of motion, running program, continued flexibility before and after athletic play. PMID- 6523634 TI - [Traumatic ureteral rupture by the indirect effect of force]. AB - We report a rare case of complete ureteric avulsion as the result of indirect force and discuss the mechanism of injury in the light of relevant literature. The special problems of this injury with regard to diagnosis and therapy are explored. Every polytraumatized patient with involvement of the trunk should have an IVA at the earliest possible moment as a basic investigation. PMID- 6523635 TI - Measurement of knee-joint instabilities in the anterior-posterior plane. AB - The documentation of instabilities of the knee joint in sagittal direction by X rays is usually inexact and incomplete by lack of rotational exertion. With a simple appliance instabilities of the knee joint in sagittal direction can be measured in mm within the examination. The difference between the injured and uninjured knee may show the importance of an instability of the knee joint. PMID- 6523636 TI - [Fatalities in sports in the young]. PMID- 6523637 TI - [Changes in the injury pattern in Alpine skiing. Study and analysis of 16,421 ski accidents]. PMID- 6523638 TI - [Sports injuries and sports damage in judo]. PMID- 6523639 TI - [Delay in the liberation of the polyvinylpyrrolidone iodine complex from porous, resorbable tricalcium phosphate ceramic granules by using soluble coatings in the local treatment of osteomyelitis. An animal experiment study]. PMID- 6523640 TI - [Injuries of the cervical vertebrae in traffic accident]. PMID- 6523641 TI - Natural killer cell activity in patients with prostatic carcinoma and its in vivo boosting with bacillus Calmette-Guerin. AB - In patients with prostatic carcinoma, natural killer (NK) cell activity was monitored in a chromium release assay. Cells from the human myeloid cell line K 562 and from a human prostatic cancer cell line (PC 3) were used as target cells. Additionally, in vitro stimulation with beta-interferon was done in each sample. NK activity in patients with localized prostatic cancer was increased as compared to age-matched controls. Patients with advanced disease showed reduced levels of NK activity. Furthermore, hormonally treated patients in relapse had significantly lower activity than patients in remission or with stable disease. Hormone therapy was without major influence on NK activity. BCG vaccination as an adjuvant immunotherapy was done in a small group of patients. Baseline NK activity and interferon-stimulated activity were enhanced by BCG in most cases. PMID- 6523642 TI - Fibroepithelial ureteral polyps. AB - Two cases of fibroepithelial polyps of the ureter are reported. In one case the polyp was protruding through the meatus of the urethra whereas in the other case no clinical manifestations were observed. Both benign tumors were treated by local surgery. Etiology, clinical features, diagnosis and therapy are discussed. PMID- 6523643 TI - [Therapy of stress incontinence recurrence: comparison of fascia sling-plasty and Zoedler band in 117 patients]. AB - We report on 117 patients with urinary stress incontinence, 44 with previous attempts at surgical correction. The inguinovaginal fascial sling operation as modified by Narik and Palmrich was used in 33 women and had an early success rate of 91%. The Zoedler method used in 84 women was successful in 87%. 52% of women with fascial sling procedure (mean duration of follow-up 1.1 year) and 45% with Zoedler method (mean duration of follow-up 5.7 years) stayed completely continent. The most common reasons for failure are discussed. PMID- 6523644 TI - Urethral manipulation syndrome. Description of a new syndrome. AB - For the first time in the literature, a syndrome that leads to ventral penile deviation is described-urethral manipulation syndrome (UMS, Kelami). This condition is due to fibrosis and scarring of corpus cavernosum urethrae (spongiosum) after any kind of urethral manipulation. In cases of impossible penetration, reconstructive surgery straightens the penis. PMID- 6523645 TI - Usefulness of fiberoptic pyeloureteroscope in the diagnosis of the upper urinary tract lesions. AB - Fiberscopes for the observation of the upper urinary tract (pyeloureteroscopes) have improved markedly in terms of resolution and durability. With these improved pyeloureteroscopes, transurethral observation of upper urinary tract lesions was performed 42 times in 40 cases from April 1979 to May 1983. The guide tube method (J. Urol. 112: 176-178, 1974) was used for insertion of the fiberscope into the ureter. At present, our transurethrally passed pyeloureteroscope is useful in the diagnosis of some upper urinary tract lesions which are not visualized or confirmed by other current image diagnostic procedures. However, it should be noted that it does not visualize all parts of the upper urinary tract - especially the lower calyx. Insertion to the target is also sometimes difficult and we must be careful in the interpretation of findings because of inevitable image distortion and the similarity between inflammation and urothelial tumor. PMID- 6523646 TI - Delayed urinary fistula following abdominal perineal resection of rectum and anal canal. AB - Genitourinary dysfunction is one of the major complications of abdominal perineal resection. The onset may be in the remote postoperative period. We report a rare case of late perineal urinary fistula and pelvic urinoma which occurred 3 months following surgery. PMID- 6523647 TI - Spontaneous maturation in the metastatic region of a bilateral testicular germ cell tumor. AB - A case of bilateral testicular germ cell tumor of different cell types was found to have a mature teratoma in the metastatic region. Histology of the right testis revealed seminoma and embryonal carcinoma while the left testis revealed seminoma and mature teratoma. A mature teratoma, containing cartilage components, was also found in the right para-aortic lymph node. The findings of the case are described and the literature on cases with maturation in the metastatic region are reviewed. PMID- 6523648 TI - The effect of anaesthesia and surgery for benign disease of the upper urinary tract on circulating leucocyte subpopulations identified with monoclonal antibodies. AB - Circulating lymphocyte subpopulations were monitored, using monoclonal antibodies and flow cytometry, in six patients undergoing surgery for benign disease of the upper urinary tract. A significant decrease in the total number of circulating lymphocytes was observed. This could be attributed to a significant decrease of T cells of both major subsets--the so-called T "helper" (Th) and T "suppressor/cytotoxic" (Ts) subpopulations. When the results of the T cell subsets were expressed as a ration (leu-3a+/leu-2a+, T "helper/suppressor") no significant change was noted. In contrast neither B cells nor natural killer (NK) and antibody dependent killer (K) cells were significantly affected. This selective loss of T cells from the circulation may be relevant to post operative infection and should be considered in the course of immunological monitoring. PMID- 6523650 TI - Prophylactic cefuroxime in transurethral resection. AB - 65 men undergoing elective transurethral resection of the prostate under the care of one urologist entered a randomised controlled trial using Cefuroxime. Patients were excluded if they had received antibiotics in a 2 week period before surgery, if they had positive pre-operative urine cultures or if they had been catheterised. 58 patients completed the study. One patient in the antibiotic group and 2 in the control group developed urinary infection. The overall infection rate was 5.17%. The control and antibiotic groups were comparable as regards age and the duration of resection. One patient in the antibiotic group developed an allergic reaction. It is felt that routine antibiotic prophylaxis in patients with sterile urine undergoing elective TUR is unnecessary. PMID- 6523649 TI - Relationship between experimentally induced crystalluria and relative supersaturation of various stone salts in rats. AB - Calcium oxalate crystalluria was induced in laboratory rats by subcutaneous implantation of potassium oxalate containing mini-osmotic pumps in their intercapsular region. Concentrations of major urinary ions were measured and urinary supersaturations of various urinary salts were calculated using a computer programme. The urines of experimental animals that received oxalate had calcium oxalate crystals and higher supersaturations for calcium oxalate compared to their controls. Oxalate levels of the urines of experimental animals were higher than their controls and this increase was proportional to the increase in urinary supersaturation of calcium oxalate. No significant difference was found in the calcium levels of urines from experimental and control animals. PMID- 6523651 TI - Preliminary development of a collagen membrane for use in urological surgery. AB - A series of experiments have been carried out in-vitro in order to assess the possibility of using a collagen membrane in the repair of various sections of the urinary tract following operative surgery such as the removal of a stone from the ureter. The collagen film has been tested for its compatability with urine, its ability to prevent leakage of fluid in a simulated wound in-vitro and for its ability to withstand any degradative effect of liver and kidney homogenates. The material was not significantly degraded by either urine or by tissue homogenates and was able to prevent leakage of fluid under the experimental conditions employed. Although some slight build-up of calcium and some trace elements took place after incubation in urine over a six-day period this was not significant. On the basis of the results obtained it has been decided to proceed to in-vivo trials on rabbits using the collagen membrane. The possibility of using such a material in partial nephrectomy operations is discussed. PMID- 6523652 TI - [Correction of a deformity of the femur using Ilizarov's apparatus in a 3-year old child with chronic osteomyelitis]. PMID- 6523653 TI - [Experience with the treatment of suppuration surrounding synthetic vascular prostheses]. AB - Experience with the conservative and operative treatment of suppurations around vascular prostheses in 16 patients is presented. Spread of the purulent inflammation around prostheses from the place of primary suppuration on the femur up to the portions proximal to the inguinal ligament was taking place within the first 1-2 weeks after the appearance of the first symptoms of suppuration. Partial resection of infected portions of the prostheses and substitution of them by autovenous grafts are thought to be more expedient within these terms. Such operations are less traumatic and technically more simple than interventions associated with a complete ablation of aorto-femoral prostheses and a simultaneous substitution of them by new vascular prostheses or transplants. PMID- 6523654 TI - [Risk factors in the development of acute postoperative pancreatitis]. PMID- 6523655 TI - [Internal biliary fistulas as a complication of acute cholecystitis]. PMID- 6523656 TI - [Diagnosis and surgical treatment of benign endobronchial tumors of the trachea and bronchi]. AB - Results of the examination and surgical treatment of 41 patients with benign endobronchial tumors of trachea and bronchi are described. Parallel with reconstructive operations (9) and resections of lungs (9) the endoscopic surgery was successfully used in 23 patients. PMID- 6523657 TI - [Methods of studying the rheological properties of blood and microcirculation in surgery and transfusiology]. PMID- 6523658 TI - [Repeated radical operations after surgical interventions in diseases of the lungs and pleura]. AB - The article elucidates the authors' experience with 144 repeated radical operations on lungs and pleura (89 out of them were resections of lungs). Recovery was achieved in 89,4% of patients subjected to a repeated resection of lung. Lethal outcomes were in 7% of cases. PMID- 6523659 TI - [Free amino acids in the blood serum of patients with complicated forms of peptic ulcer before and after surgery]. AB - Free aminoacids were studied in the serum of portal and peripheral blood of 54 patients with complicated ulcer disease of the stomach and duodenum. It was established that a disbalance of FFA was more pronounced in the portal blood serum after resection of the stomach in the early postoperative period. The changes revealed should be taken into consideration in the period of preoperative preparation and rehabilitation. PMID- 6523660 TI - [Methodological aspects of studying microcirculation in cardiological surgery]. AB - The authors propose a classification of symptoms of a disturbed microcirculation. Methodical recommendations for studying the microcirculation in patients in the cardiosurgical clinic are given. PMID- 6523661 TI - [Cicatricial strictures of anastomosis of the hepatic duct and common bile duct]. AB - The authors have observed 34 cases of scarry strictures of bilio-digestive anastomoses requiring repeated surgical correction. The causes of such complications, methods of clinical and special diagnostic are discussed. The technique of reoperations for such complications is described along with their results and recommendations for prevention of scarry strictures of anastomoses of the common hepatic duct. PMID- 6523663 TI - [Technical advantages and limitations of using ultrasonics in surgery of the spine]. AB - The authors used ultrasonic devices in operations on the vertebral column in experiments in 92 animals in order to study the effect of ultrasound on osteogenesis. In the clinic the ultrasonic devices were used in operations on the vertebral column of 30 patients with lumbar osteochondrosis. Positive results were obtained in 29 patients. PMID- 6523662 TI - [Effectiveness of drainage and lavage of the abdominal cavity with regard to morphological peritoneal changes in peritonitis]. AB - The efficiency of intraoperative and postoperative lavage of the abdominal cavity in peritonitis is dependent on the degree of inflammatory and microcirculatory changes of the peritoneum. Lavage of the abdominal cavity by small volumes of liquid under conditions of forced evaculation is efficient in patients with mild disorders of the microcirculation and not very effective in patients with a bacterial shock. PMID- 6523664 TI - [Dynamics of crural volume in changed gravitational load in the diagnosis of disorders of the tonus of venous wall]. AB - The relationships of the capacity of the vascular bed of the lower extremities and the degree of the gravitation load were used to establish their quantitative indices. The expediency of using the method of rheoplethysmography for diagnosis of the diseased lower extremities is shown. PMID- 6523665 TI - [2 cases of peripheral malignant carcinoid tumor of the lungs]. PMID- 6523666 TI - [Simultaneous bilateral pulmonary and hepatic hydatidectomy by trans-sternal approach]. PMID- 6523667 TI - [Multiple synchronous primary gastric cancers]. PMID- 6523668 TI - [Intravenous administration of a hypertonic solution for the detection of "latent" leukocytosis in acute appendicitis]. PMID- 6523669 TI - [Fibroma of the small intestine]. PMID- 6523670 TI - [Inflammation of ectopic pancreatic tissue]. PMID- 6523671 TI - [Hemosorption in Fournier's syndrome]. PMID- 6523672 TI - [Remote results of the surgical treatment of tumors of the scapula]. PMID- 6523673 TI - [Evaluation of the stability of consolidation of wound margins]. PMID- 6523674 TI - [Contusion of the heart in closed chest trauma]. AB - The article generalizes experience with the treatment of 91 patients with contusion of the heart (mainly due to a stroke--72%). Within the first three days the diagnosis of heart stroke was established in 76 patients. The left ventricle was injured more frequently, its anterior and posterior surfaces in particular. Lethal outcomes after contusions of the heart were not noted. PMID- 6523675 TI - [Primary evaluation of the severity of combined cranio-cerebral trauma complicated by shock]. AB - In order to evaluate severity of the brain trauma the authors used such criteria as the state of the patient's consciousness, systolic arterial pressure level, character of external signs of the brain and skull trauma as well as the patient's response to the antishock therapy used at the prehospital stage. PMID- 6523676 TI - [Our experience with the surgical treatment of renovascular hypertension]. AB - The experience with 785 operations performed for the period from 1962 to 1983 on 697 patients is presented. The advantage of direct reconstructive operations over restorative interventions with the employment of explantation materials is proved. In the remote period after operation positive results were noted in 85% of patients with fibrose-muscular dysplasia of renal arteries and in 70% of patients with non-specific aorto-arteritis. PMID- 6523677 TI - [Immediate result of a specialized treatment of a patient with multiple fractures of the facial bones in combined trauma]. PMID- 6523678 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of thoraco-abdominal injuries in children]. AB - The authors describe their observation of 20 children with thoraco-abdominal injuries. The efficiency of anesthesiologic resuscitation measures is shown at all the stage of medical aid to the patients. The steps of surgical interventions are dependent on the severity and prevailing injuries of the organs of the thoracic and abdominal cavity. Three children died. PMID- 6523680 TI - Effects of three benzimidazole anthelmintics on the ruminal fermentation ability of sheep. AB - The effects of albendazole, fenbendazole and oxfendazole on the fermentation ability of the rumen were assessed in 12 Dorset sheep, using as parameters volatile fatty acid concentration, percentage digestibility of cellulose in vitro and pH. Although the digestibility of cellulose was affected only at high concentrations, volatile fatty acid concentrations were markedly reduced after treatment. Correlation coefficient analysis revealed a significant correlation between digestibility of cellulose and volatile fatty acids, as well as between volatile fatty acids and pH. Despite an evident decrease in volatile fatty acids and digestibility of cellulose, it is suggested that this does not outweigh the advantages derived from the use of these benzimidazoles. PMID- 6523679 TI - Monitoring herds for Streptococcus suis type 2 by sampling tonsils of slaughter pigs. AB - Heads were removed soon after slaughter from the dressed carcases of 155 pigs belonging to 12 herds with a history of streptococcal meningitis and from 180 pigs from four herds believed to be free from this disease. Deep scrapings from both tonsils were sown on two selective media. Streptococcus suis type 2 was detected in a proportion of pigs from the 12 herds with a history of the disease, including three herds in which no cases were noted during the year this study was made. Pigs in six of these herds had received therapeutic levels of certain antibiotics in their feed as growers. The confirmed detectable tonsillar carrier rates varied between these 12 herds from 20 to 90 per cent and between batches of heads from one herd from 0 to 100 per cent. Carrier rates could not be correlated with disease levels, herd size or husbandry system. S suis type 2 was also detected in pigs from two herds thought to be free of the disease, at rates of 20 and 1.5 per cent. PMID- 6523682 TI - Cystoscopic examination of male and female dogs. AB - The use of cystoscopy is advocated as an aid to the early differential diagnosis of disease of the canine bladder. Techniques are described for carrying out urethroscopy and cystoscopy in both male and female dogs using modern medical diagnostic instruments. Males were examined with flexible paediatric bronchofibrescopes, which permitted urethroscopy and cystoscopy, but to obtain extensive biopsies or undertake cauterisation of the bladder surface with rigid endoscopes, a simple perineal urethrostomy was necessary. The bladder of females, on the other hand, was examined by cystoscopy and biopsied using standard rigid cystoscopes and resectoscopes. PMID- 6523681 TI - Changes in blood composition of pregnant cows during the onset of hypomagnesaemia. AB - Magnesium, calcium, phosphate, total protein and free fatty acid concentrations, and a lipase activity using p-nitrophenylpalmitate NP-C16) as a substrate, were determined in the serum of 15 pregnant Aberdeen Angus cows grazing a Phalaris tuberosa pasture with a tendency to induce tetany. A gradual decrease in magnesium concentrations, but no definite change in the other parameters, was observed when the results were plotted directly against the time of the experiment. When the results were plotted as a function of the stage of pregnancy or lactation of the animals, magnesium concentrations showed a more steady decrease which was associated with increases in calcium concentrations and, at the lowest magnesium concentrations, with increases in phosphate concentrations. Total proteins and free fatty acids remained fairly constant and the highest lipase activity was associated with parturition. The lowest magnesium concentrations in serum did not correspond with high levels of either lipase or free fatty acids. The hypomagnesaemia observed in this experiment was attributed to the high potassium:calcium and magnesium ratio in the pasture and to the physiological condition (pregnant and lactating) of the animals. None of the parameters evaluated in this paper would be more sensitive than serum magnesium levels for the early detection of the conditions that predispose grazing cattle to grass tetany. PMID- 6523683 TI - Endotracheal intubation in cats. PMID- 6523684 TI - Late-onset cataract in the Boston terrier. PMID- 6523685 TI - Marketing and the veterinary profession. PMID- 6523687 TI - When to spay. PMID- 6523686 TI - Sheep disease control strategies. PMID- 6523688 TI - Respiratory disease in thoroughbreds. PMID- 6523689 TI - Use of tiamulin in a herd of pigs seriously affected with Mycoplasma hyosynoviae arthritis. AB - Tiamulin hydrogen fumarate has been shown to be highly active in vitro against Mycoplasma hyosynoviae, an organism that causes arthritis in pigs. A gilt multiplier herd with a history of this condition was selected to evaluate the efficacy of tiamulin in vivo for the treatment of this disease. The presence of M hyosynoviae was confirmed by its isolation from two typically affected cases. A field trial was carried out on clinically affected pigs, using tiamulin at 10 mg and 15 mg/kg bodyweight given by injection for three consecutive days, by comparing their weight gains and reduction in lameness scores during a seven day trial period (days 0 to 7) with those of negative untreated controls and positive controls injected with lincomycin at 10 mg/kg bodyweight for three days. Both of the tiamulin treatment levels appeared to be effective, as there were marked improvements in weight gains and reduction in lameness scores in comparison with the negative controls. The improvements were similar to those achieved with the positive control, lincomycin. PMID- 6523690 TI - Sex determination of monomorphic birds by fibreoptic endoscopy. AB - Fibreoptic endoscopy was performed in 1056 monomorphic birds of 144 different species belonging to 15 Orders. The purpose was to establish their sex by direct inspection of the gonads. The results suggest that although the technique involves surgical intervention it is generally more practical and accurate than chromosome analysis of lymphocytes or analysis of faecal steroids. Surgical anaesthesia is recommended on practical and humane grounds but this and the technique itself can be hazardous in old and fat birds, where a mortality rate of as high as 2 per cent was encountered. Cloacal examination of as high as 2 per cent was encountered. Cloacal examination is a more practical technique for sex determination in penguins. PMID- 6523691 TI - Effect of feeding on the fate of orally administered phenylbutazone, trimethoprim and sulphadiazine in the horse. AB - Phenylbutazone, sulphadiazine and trimethoprim were administered to three horses on two occasions, recently fed and unfed, and the effect of feeding on the pharmacokinetics of the three drugs assessed. The mean peak concentrations of phenylbutazone and trimethoprim were reduced by feeding by 34 and 75 per cent, respectively. The pharmacokinetics of sulphadiazine were not significantly affected. PMID- 6523692 TI - Increasing lambing rates with ovandrotone-albumin. PMID- 6523693 TI - Infection of fowls with Newcastle disease virus by food contaminated with pigeon faeces. PMID- 6523694 TI - Identification of coronaviruses in exotic species of Bovidae. PMID- 6523695 TI - Acorn poisoning. PMID- 6523696 TI - Isolation of paramyxoviruses from pigeons in Israel. PMID- 6523698 TI - Pesticide poisoning in domestic animals. PMID- 6523697 TI - Importation of NZ bovine frozen embryos to Chile. PMID- 6523699 TI - Suspected poisoning in a working spaniel. PMID- 6523700 TI - Epidemiological study of Pasteurella multocida and Bordetella bronchiseptica in atrophic rhinitis. AB - An epidemiological study of atrophic rhinitis was carried out in four pig herds. Observations were made of (i) infection with Bordetella bronchiseptica and Pasteurella multocida, (ii) the presence of brachygnathia superior (BS score), (iii) the extent (grade) of turbinate atrophy and pneumonia at slaughter and (iv) growth rates from two to 16 weeks of age and average daily weight gains to slaughter. In two of the herds with no history of atrophic rhinitis, B bronchiseptica and non-toxigenic strains of P multocida were isolated; only one of 47 pigs (2 per cent) had a BS score greater than +10 mm and the most severe turbinate atrophy observed in 21 pigs at slaughter was grade 3. In contrast, from two herds with atrophic rhinitis, toxigenic strains of P multocida were isolated as well as B bronchiseptica and non-toxigenic P multocida. BS scores of greater than +10 mm were present in six of 47 pigs (13 per cent) of which five were infected with toxigenic P multocida and had severe turbinate atrophy of grade 4 or 5. There was no significant reduction in growth rates in the affected compared with the unaffected herds nor in the affected compared with the unaffected pigs in the same herd. Neither was there a correlation between progressive disease and the extent of pneumonia found at slaughter. It was concluded that in field cases of the disease, high BS scores plus severe turbinate atrophy were associated with infection by toxigenic type-D strains of P multocida. PMID- 6523701 TI - Preliminary observations on a series of outbreaks of acute laminitis in dairy cattle. AB - A number of laminitic outbreaks in dairy cattle which do not appear to conform to the usual aetiological picture are described. The nutritional and managemental factors of these cases are discussed. PMID- 6523702 TI - Possible role of leptospires of the Pomona serogroup in sporadic bovine abortion in the south west of England. AB - An investigation of a small outbreak of abortion in mixed-age cows in a dairy herd in Somerset produced circumstantial evidence that a leptospire belonging to the Pomona serogroup was the causative agent. Although the initial epidemic involved more than 30 per cent of the herd, agglutination titres did not persist in the majority of animals and bacteriological monitoring produced no evidence that this leptospire could establish endemic infection in dairy cattle. An isolate recovered from the kidney of a cow which aborted was found to be similar to mozdok, a serovar maintained by free-living species in continental Europe, and it is probable that free-living species also maintain the Pomona serogroup organisms that have been isolated in England. Clinical disease caused by infection of domestic stock with Pomona serogroup organisms other than pomona has not been recognised in other countries but this may be because of the presence of endemic infection with pomona, a serovar that causes a very similar clinical and serological response. PMID- 6523703 TI - Experimental inoculation of an ovine ureaplasma strain into the respiratory tract of lambs. PMID- 6523704 TI - Hysteroscopy in the cow using a flexible fibrescope. PMID- 6523705 TI - Porcine pleuropneumonia associated with Haemophilus pleuropneumoniae serotype 3 in Quebec. PMID- 6523707 TI - Entropion in sharpeis. PMID- 6523706 TI - Relationship between levels of concentrate feeding and incidence of sole ulcers in dairy cattle. PMID- 6523708 TI - Horn fly attack in Scotland. PMID- 6523709 TI - Water medication. PMID- 6523710 TI - Euthanasia of tortoises. PMID- 6523711 TI - Obstruction in a cat. PMID- 6523712 TI - Clinical observations on the response of equine hoof defects to dietary supplementation with biotin. AB - Horses with weak hoof horn, which becomes misshapen and crumbles around the lower parts of the hoof walls, pose problems for treatment in practice. The effects of dietary supplementation with a high level of the B-group vitamin biotin (which has proved successful in the treatment of the similar condition in pigs) were investigated in more than 40 cases. Varying degrees of improvement in the hardness, integrity and conformation of the hoof horn were observed in all cases. The signs and progress seen in three typical cases are described. It is concluded that dietary supplementation with 10 to 30 mg biotin/day (depending on bodyweight) for not less than six to nine months is a useful treatment to support other remedial measures in such cases. PMID- 6523713 TI - Intoxication in cattle, chicks and hamsters from seed of the palo santo tree (Bulnesia sarmientii). AB - A case of intoxication in cattle in Paraguay from seed of the palo santo tree is discussed. Visible toxic signs and lesions observed at necropsy are described. The seed contained 3.5 per cent or more crude saponin. Laboratory studies established that aqueous extracts and crude saponin from the seeds were toxic to one-week-old chicks and adult hamsters. PMID- 6523714 TI - Fractures in turkeys associated with lymphoma. PMID- 6523715 TI - Incidence of chlamydial antibodies in commercial duck flocks. PMID- 6523716 TI - Chlamydia infection and infertility in the female koala (Phascolarctos cinereus). PMID- 6523717 TI - Entropion in sharpeis. PMID- 6523718 TI - Autumn nematodiriasis. PMID- 6523719 TI - Sudden death in rough collies. PMID- 6523720 TI - Delivering educational programs via telephone: teleconferencing. AB - Professionals participating in poison network programs not only need to maintain technical and scientific updatedness but also need to develop colleagual relationships between and among themselves regardless of geographic location. In an effort to achieve both objectives in a cost-effective and cost-efficient manner, we have explored the use of telephone conferencing. With the "speaker" located in Seattle, and the connecting bridge established and manned in Boise, Idaho, three one and one half hour presentations were brought to 90 sites scattered throughout rural and semi-rural Idaho; and received by more than 1,200 attendees. Hosting groups of 8-20, each location had a speaker phone enabling two way communication to take place, i.e. they could hear the speaker and individuals could interrupt and address the speaker. Moreover, each location had a slide projector and duplicated set of slides used by the speaker in the presentation. Post presentation evaluations were obtained and the actual costs of the entire program have been determined. As a group utilizing telephones as a way of life, members of the AAPCC have an opportunity to lead the way in validating and verifying the effectiveness and potential cost savings of telephone conferences. PMID- 6523721 TI - Safety closures after fifteen years. AB - Safety closures still are often the butt of jokes and many adults complain of inability to use CRCs. It has been suggested that pharmacists should devote more attention to instructing patients in the use of CRCs. We studied a random sample of adults (AC) and three "Golden Age" groups (GA). We measured the time taken in operating CRCs and the effect of training. For palm/turn CRCs there was no difference between AC and GA, or trained (T) and untrained (UT) groups. For "arrow" CRCs a significant (p less than .01) difference was found in all comparisons (UTAC vs TAC, UTGA vs TGA, UTAC vs UTGA, TAC vs TGA). The GA groups had difficulty seeing the white on white arrows but once found, could open the CRC with one hand and preferred this type CRC. This physical defect could not be overcome by training. All pretraining times were so short that training makes no important improvement. Improving visibility of characters on the CRC would be a greater utility. PMID- 6523722 TI - Member hospital network for poison control. AB - MPCS developed a model for poison control which includes a member hospital network besides the regional information center. The network provides a mechanism for establishing information center credibility among hospitals and securing additional funds. Supported by the state hospital association, the membership network has contributed 22% of revenues for system's operations from annual dues of +305 to +882/hospital. Dues entitle hospitals to free managements and publications and public education materials at reduced price. The network has maintained on average 100 member hospitals per year with a 90% continuity rate. Members include 88 (79%) of 112 acute care regional hospitals (88% of teaching, 91% of large and 67% of small community hospitals). Network advantages to hospitals are the incentive to consult with MPCS without losing patients and staff education through consultation and rounds. Advantages to MPCS are an increase in staff and toxicology fellow expertise through consultation, teaching, and protocol formulation, research sites, and professional and public calls. PMID- 6523723 TI - The influence of pralidoxime mesylate on the measurement of cyanide concentrations in solutions. AB - Pralidoxime mesylate (P2S) can interfere with the colorimetric analysis for cyanide in solutions. Apparent increases in cyanide concentrations, related to the presence of P2S, are most marked at extreme pH values. At acid pH there is a direct interference by P2S, and at alkaline pH the P2S molecule is cyanogenic. Prompt analysis and the use of a cyanide separation technique minimizes the artifactual increase in measured cyanide concentrations. This effect is insignificant at pH 7.4. PMID- 6523724 TI - Caffeine and its metabolites in caffeine overdose cause falsely elevated serum theophylline measurements. AB - In two cases of caffeine overdose, the elimination of caffeine appeared to be non linear. Measurements of theophylline concentrations after caffeine overdose were method-dependent. After caffeine overdose, quantitation of caffeine is not clinically indicated, because of the variable correlation between concentration and toxic effects. Our data suggest that the measurement of theophylline concentrations after caffeine overdose is also not clinically indicated, and may be misleading if a nonspecific method is used. PMID- 6523726 TI - Hypersensitivity-like reactions to N-acetylcysteine. AB - This report describes nine episodes of presumed allergic reactions occurring in seven patients who were treated for acetaminophen overdose with intravenous N acetylcysteine. All of these reactions were confined to the skin and consisted of urticaria and/or angioedema. All patients were pruritic. There was no evidence of bronchospasm or hypotension. In four of these episodes the intravenous protocol was completed after the parenteral administration of an antihistamine. In all four of these instances there was no progression of the hypersensitivity-like symptoms or signs. Previous case reports of acute allergic reactions to intravenous N-acetylcysteine will be reviewed. The advantages and disadvantages of oral vs. intravenous N-acetylcysteine therapy for acetaminophen overdose will be discussed in light of the hypersensitivity-like reactions to intravenous N acetylcysteine. PMID- 6523725 TI - Acute renal failure caused by acute monofluoroacetate poisoning. AB - NaFA produces toxic effects by metabolic conversion to fluorocitrate, inhibits Krebs' cycle and the formation of ATP, reduces energy supply to cells, and thus causes cellular dysfunction or degeneration. All body cells are potentially affected, although with different sensitivity. Acute renal failure was found in three out of our five cases, and two were in frank uremia. The ARF was reversible and may be either oliguric or non-oliguric. The causes of ARF were not apparent, but direct nephropathy or some other factors might be involved in the pathogenesis of ARF. PMID- 6523727 TI - Hypertension associated with clonidine ingestion. AB - Clonidine hydrochloride (CH) is an antihypertensive drug with complex pharmacologic activity including central and peripheral alpha-adrenergic stimulation and CNS depression. We reviewed the records of 5 children admitted to our Pediatric Intensive Care Unit following accidental ingestion of CH. All patients presented with lethargy or stupor, beginning 20-60 minutes after ingestion. Respiratory depression or apnea occurred in 4, requiring endotracheal intubation in 2 and mechanical ventilation in 1. All 5 developed mild to moderate hypertension, and 3 developed asymptomatic bradycardia. The dose of CH ingested was estimated to be 0.2-0.4 mg in 4 out of 5 patients. Treatment consisted of efforts to prevent absorption of CH from the GI tract and supportive care. All signs of CH toxicity resolved within 6-14 hours. Four patients were transferred from ICU within 24 hours and discharged home the following day. One patient developed post-extubation stridor and atelectasis. Significant toxicity occurred even though the amount of CH ingested was relatively small in at least 4 or 5 patients. Transient hypertension occurred early in the hospital course of all patients and resolved without treatment. Hypotension and symptomatic bradycardia were not observed. Apnea was the most serious abnormality observed. All patients recovered without significant morbidity. PMID- 6523728 TI - Evaluation and cleanup of a lead monoxide spill in Greenwood, Louisiana. AB - On April 25, 1983, 1,780 lbs of lead monoxide were dumped from a truck on a 1.5 mile stretch of highway. Cooperation between local and state police, health agencies and the Poison Control Center in Shreveport resulted in the evacuation of 120 residents, rapid cleanup by flushing and sweeping of the highway with subsequent scooping of surface soil from both sides of the highway, and setting up of an area lead screening clinic. Initial tests on about 114 residents and cleanup workers included blood lead and FEP analysis from capillary blood (fingerstick). Five of these were elevated, however, retesting with venous blood gave normal blood lead values. Complaints of exposed individuals centered on gastrointestinal upsets (nausea, vomiting, cramping) and upper respiratory irritation. The differences between clinical manifestations of acute and chronic lead poisoning will be emphasized. PMID- 6523729 TI - Potential liabilities of poison centers. Report of panel discussion. PMID- 6523730 TI - Metallic mercury poisoning. AB - Among traditional toxins, mercury has an infamous heritage. Despite 2,000 years of recognized dangers, it continues to menace mankind. Bygone years focused on the dangers of the inorganic form, the past two decades have uncovered aftermaths of the organic form. Over the past ten years our Center has seen patients afflicted by the metallic form via four different avenues of exposure. In the first instance, a toddler succumbed to the effects of accidentally spilled high school chemistry quicksilver on a dining room carpet. In the second, a broken mercury switch in an infant isolette, was responsible for environmental contamination and infants' exposures. In a third, misguided efforts to extract gold from ore affected an entire family and particularly their male toddler with disastrous pulmonary problems. A fourth instance saw intravenous injection of metallic mercury lead to a most unusual chest radiograph and be associated with the demise of an already severely affected cardiac cripple. Highlights of each of these cases will be reviewed as they illustrate the importance of identifying the precise form of any chemical involved in a exposure and the essentiality of such information in predicting toxicity and recommending treatment. PMID- 6523731 TI - Mineral seal oil excreted in urine. AB - There is a paucity of reported cases demonstrating the gastrointestinal absorption and renal excretion of mineral seal oil, a petroleum distillate. In 1972, a teenager attempted suicide by purposely ingesting an entire 8 ounce bottle of furniture polish containing 99% mineral seal oil. She arrived in the F.R. two hours post-ingestion and was lavaged with two liters of normal saline and given two ounces of mineral oil and 20 ml of 50% magnesium sulfate by the tube. The stomach contents were yellow, thick, oily, and smelled like furniture polish. She was admitted for psychiatric evaluation and observation for the ingestion. The patient did not suffer any respiratory or CNS complications. However, she excreted oil droplets which coalasced to form an oil layer in her urine! She suffered no kidney damage or abnormality as could be detected by routine renal function studies. Pictures revealing oil in the urine will be shown. PMID- 6523732 TI - Camphor toxicity: development of a triage strategy. AB - Camphor remains in over 950 products listed in Poisindex. To provide triage guidelines for gastric decontamination and referral, we reviewed all camphor ingestions estimated to be 2 mg/kg or greater reported to U. VA (1980-83) and to M.C.V. (1982-83). Seventy-three patients (90%) remained asymptomatic, 3 (4%) developed minor symptoms, and 5 (6%), all ingesting over 59 mg/kg, developed major symptoms. There were no deaths. (table; see text) A literature review of 63 evaluable cases revealed 6 deaths; the mean fatal dose was 199 mg/kg (range 64 570, median 113). Based on these data, we manage asymptomatic patients ingesting camphor at less than 10 mg/kg by observation only 10-30 mg/kg at home with 1 g/kg activated charcoal or emesis, and over 30 mg/kg by gastric decontamination plus referral. PMID- 6523733 TI - Light adaptation in luminosity horizontal cells in the turtle retina. Role of cellular coupling. AB - Intracellular recordings were made from L-type horizontal cells in the retina of the turtle Clemmys caspica. The test flashes covered a retinal area smaller than the receptive field of the impaled cells. Increment responses were compared between two states of light adaptation that were equal in intensity but differed in spatial pattern. The peak amplitude of the response to a dim test flash was larger when measured during large-field background compared to the one obtained during small-field one. It is suggested that this phenomenon of surround enhancement is due to the cellular coupling between neighboring horizontal cells. PMID- 6523734 TI - Critical flicker frequency and M-scaling of stimulus size and retinal illuminance. AB - Using various stimulus areas and luminances we measured monocular critical flicker frequency (CFF) as a function of eccentricity in the temporal visual field. With constant stimulus area and luminance, CFF was not independent of visual field location. When stimulus area was scaled by the magnification factor of the human striate cortex to produce equal cortical stimulus areas from different retinal locations, CFF increased monotonically with increasing eccentricity. Hence, CFF cannot be made independent of visual field location by spatial M-scaling. However, when also retinal illuminance was M-scaled by reducing stimulus luminance in inverse proportion to Ricco's area at each eccentricity, CFF became independent of visual field location. PMID- 6523735 TI - Vertical image registration in stereopsis. AB - Most computational theories of stereopsis require a registration stage prior to stereo matching to reduce the matching to a one-dimensional search. Even after registration, it is critical that the stereo matching process tolerate some degree of residual misalignment. We have studied the tolerance to vertical disparity in situations in which false targets abound and corrective eye movements are eliminated. Our main results are: vertical disparity of only the central "figure" part of a random dot stereogram can be tolerated up to about 3.5', and vertical disparity of the "figure + ground" is tolerated up to about 6.5' in the presence of monocular cues to vertical disparity. Our data suggest that this tolerance is attained by two non-motor mechanisms: the spatial average performed by the receptive fields that filter the two images prior to stereo matching, and a non-motor shift mechanism that may be driven at least in part by monocular cues. PMID- 6523736 TI - Analysis of human crystalline lens curvature as a function of accommodative state and age. AB - Slit-lamp photographs from four human subjects, aged 11, 19, 29, and 45 were reanalyzed using computer-based digitization and curve-fitting methods in order to obtain more complete information on internal lens curvature changes during accommodation. All discernible curves (N = 742) could be fit to parabolas with chi 2 less than or equal to 0.001 irrespective of lens age, accommodative state, or curve location within the lens. For each lens, the coefficients of the parabolas, when displayed in graphic form, exhibit a linear relationship between location within the lens and the coefficient of the chi 2 term. The slope of this line remains unchanged over accommodation for a given lens, but is shifted in position. The slope changes as a function of age. The age 45 lens exhibits these characteristics to a limited extent only, the differences possibly related to the development of presbyopia. The further a given curve is located from the lens surface, the smaller the region of its arc that can be considered approximately circular. A roughly hourglass figure is generated by these circular bounds; the waist of the hourglass decreases with increasing accommodation, since changes in radius of curvature with accommodation are more pronounced internally. Calculations of arc lengths as a function of increasing accommodation indicate that these lengths change very little over the entire accommodative range. PMID- 6523737 TI - Selective actions of barium on the c-wave and slow negative potential of the rabbit eye. AB - The c-wave and slow negative potential (incorporating the slow P111) are both thought to be generated by light-evoked changes in the concentration of potassium surrounding the photoreceptors. We find the intravitreal barium, a blocker of potassium conductance, eliminates the c-wave from the intact rabbit eye but not the slow negative response. However, if the pigment epithelium is damaged by systemic administration of sodium iodate, barium then eliminates the slow negative response. PMID- 6523738 TI - The precision of oculocentric direction and its role in the stability of fixation. AB - We compared stability of fixation midway between two targets (separated horizontally by from 1 to 12 deg) to precision in specifying these targets' oculocentric directions. Unsteadiness of fixation tended to parallel changes in the precision of direction for larger target separations, but was worse than predicted from an addition of estimated oculomoter and sensory variabilities. The data are consistent with the notion that oculocentric direction provides the sensory signals used to maintain fixation, but to account for the magnitude of fixational instability another source of variability, possibly related to attention, must also be considered. PMID- 6523739 TI - Shedding is correlated with disk membrane axial position rather than disk age in Xenopus laevis rod outer segments. AB - Disk membrane synthesis and displacement rates in Xenopus laevis retinal rod outer segments, as measured by light-dark dependent birefringence band periods, are proportional to incubation temperature. Outer segment length, however, is approximately the same for frogs raised at different temperatures. Therefore the age of disks shed from outer segment distal tips is a function of temperature. Unless the rate of disk synthesis coincidentally has the same temperature dependence as putative disk membrane aging processes, this implies that position on the outer segment axis rather than disk age is a sufficient condition for disk membrane shedding in Xenopus laevis maintained under diurnal light-dark conditions. PMID- 6523740 TI - Metrics of saccade responses to visual double stimuli: two different modes. AB - Earlier studies using visual double stimuli along the horizontal axis have revealed a strong averaging tendency in the saccadic system. This study shows averaging also for equally eccentric double stimuli with a modest difference in direction (delta phi = 30 deg). When the difference is enlarged (delta phi = 90 deg) the response pattern becomes bistable; i.e. the eye jumps near either one or the other stimulus. This bistable response mode is reflected also in saccade amplitude when double stimuli along the horizontal axis have a large difference in eccentricity. It is concluded that the saccadic system response mode to double stimuli depends on interstimulus spacing. Furthermore, both types of response can be shown to exist with double stimuli confined to one visual half-field. PMID- 6523741 TI - Optokinetic and vection responses to apparent motion in man. AB - Apparent motion was investigated as a stimulus for optokinetic nystagmus (OKN) and self-motion perception (vection). Apparent motion was stimulated by stroboscopically illuminating vertical stripes on the interior of a large drum that rotated about the observer at 20, 40 and 60 deg/sec. We determined threshold stroboscopic frequencies (f) for the appearance of smooth continuous apparent motion and measured responses of pursuit, OKN, optokinetic after nystagmus (OKAN) and vection, to stroboscopic frequencies at, above and below f. Pursuit occurred for all of these stimuli. However OKN, OKAN and vection only occurred for frequencies equal to or greater than the threshold for continuous apparent motion. Our results suggest that pursuit can occur as a response to apparent motion generated by both small and large image displacements, while OKN and vection are responses to apparent motion generated by small image displacements only. These results suggest that different afferent sources are utilized for the control of pursuit and of the slow phase of OKN. PMID- 6523742 TI - Spatial and velocity tuning of processes underlying induced motion. AB - A nulling procedure was used to quantify the velocity and spatial frequency tuning of induced motion for sinusoidal gratings. For each spatial frequency of test and inducing gratings, there was a range of low velocities which resulted in strong induction, with a gain of close to 1. For low spatial frequencies induction occurred at higher velocities than was the case for high spatial frequencies. Induced motion shows bandpass spatial frequency tuning, with a bandwidth of about two octaves at half-height. Induced motion appears to be mediated by spatial channels with a low pass temporal characteristic. To a first approximation, induced motion appears to be a product of velocity and spatial frequency. PMID- 6523743 TI - Effects of background and spatial pattern on incremental sensitivity of catfish horizontal cells. AB - Incremental sensitivity of cones and horizontal cells was examined in the retina of the channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus). In horizontal cells, steady full field background illumination made the spot-evoked dynamic response larger and faster. The "enhancement" of incremental sensitivity was maximal at background levels of 20-50 microW/cm2. Similar changes in response were obtained by enlarging the diameter of the test spot (to 4 mm) without background illumination. In cones, no such enhancement with background was observed and small (0.4 mm) and large (4.0 mm) spots produced similar responses. Similar enhancement by a steady background has been observed also in the proximal neurons of catfish retina. PMID- 6523744 TI - Stereopsis from disparity of complex grating patterns. AB - Vertical grating patterns containing more than one spatial frequency component were presented stereoscopically. The depth percepts resulting from differences in relative horizontal position (or phase) in left- and right-eye views were measured using a depth-matching procedure. When the frequency components were similar in contrast, the depth percept was mediated by the overall disparity of the compound. However, a relatively low contrast component could make no contribution to the depth percept while still remaining clearly visible in the grating pattern. When two frequency components were equal in contrast but carried different individual disparities derived from local edge and spatial frequency information, the resulting percept contained multiple depth planes. PMID- 6523745 TI - Infant color vision: the effect of test field size on Rayleigh discriminations. AB - The capacity of 1- and 3-month-old infants to discriminate 589 nm and 650 nm test fields from a 589 nm surround was tested using the forced-choice preferential looking (FPL) technique. The size of the test field ranged from 1 to 8 degrees. Test field size strongly influenced the infants' performance. One-month-olds discriminated 8 and 4 degrees (but not 2 degrees) 650 nm fields from the 589 nm surround; 3-month-olds discriminated 4 and 2 degrees (but not 1 degree) 650 nm fields from the 589 nm surround. The dependence of performance on field size suggests that infants' discrimination failures with small fields are due to immaturities of spatial processing or postreceptoral chromatic mechanisms, rather than to any absence or anomaly of receptor types. In addition, adult subjects rated the hue, brightness, and salience of the test stimuli at 0, 26, 52, and 78 degrees eccentricity. The analogy often made between infant vision and adult peripheral vision is discussed in relation to these data. PMID- 6523746 TI - Refractive state, depth of focus and accommodation of the eye of the California ground squirrel (Spermophilus beecheyi). AB - Retinoscopy and electrophysiological refraction were performed on 55 and 24 far accommodated eyes of California ground squirrels (Spermophilus beecheyi), respectively. These two indices were highly correlated, revealing the eye of this animal to be roughly emmetropic (-0.25 to -0.13 D). Depth of focus was assessed by measuring the effect which defocusing produced on the spatial resolving power of 32 optic nerve fibers. Depth of focus of the ground squirrel eye for a pupil diameter of 2.5 mm is estimated to be +/- 1.6 D, but will increase rapidly for smaller pupils. Accommodation in eleven ground squirrels ranged from 2 to 6 D, with a mean value of 3.9 D. PMID- 6523747 TI - Within-species variations in visual capacity among squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus): color vision. AB - Color vision was studied in 27 squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus) of Peruvian origin (Roman Arch variety). Tests of wavelength discrimination and Rayleigh matching as well as a search for a spectral neutral point were carried out in a behavioral paradigm involving a three-alternative, forced-choice discrimination. Significant individual variations in color vision were found in this species. Some squirrel monkeys have trichromatic color vision, others are dichromats. Within each of these catagories there appear to be three subtypes. Each of these color vision phenotypes can be interpreted as reflecting the presence of a different combination of the types of cone photopigments known to characterize this species. There is a striking gender difference in squirrel monkey color vision; whereas both trichromatic and dichromatic female monkeys were found, all of the males tested were dichromats. PMID- 6523748 TI - The effect of perceived depth and connectedness on metacontrast functions. AB - When a barely visible target line is briefly flashed within a context of other lines, it is identified more accurately if the lines form a pattern that is perceived as a unified, three-dimensional object. This finding has been called the object-superiority effect [Weisstein and Harris, Science, 186, 752-755 (1974)]. The present study concerns what happens when different context patterns are presented at a variable delay after the target line. The resulting temporal functions of identification accuracy against delay of context pattern differ systematically with two perceptual variables: three-dimensionality and connectedness. The results suggest that differences in the temporal functions correspond to differences in visual response properties elicited by different perceptions of three-dimensionality and connectedness. PMID- 6523749 TI - Interaction between saccade and tracking vergence. AB - Additivity of saccade and tracking vergence was examined. Binocular eye movements were measured photoelectrically while subjects tracked a target moving smoothly on a radial line with an interpolated step change to a new radial line. Examining the abrupt portions of the two eyes' movements, we found the durations were almost the same for the two eyes, but that there were reliable differences in the magnitudes which were too large to be understood by an additivity hypothesis. PMID- 6523750 TI - Colored neon flanks and line gap enhancement. AB - When a colored line connects two black (or differently colored) lines across a gap, colored neon flanks are seen on either side of it. These flanks extend over gap sizes of 50 min arc foveally and are not explained by Bezold-type assimilation. They may be elicited by black lines as short as 6 min arc adjoining the colored line at each end. To maximize these flanks, the black and colored lines must appear linearly continuous. Nonaligned junctions weaken the effect and an angular tilt of more than 40 dog destroys it. In this and other respects, (local) neon flanks are similar to van Tuijl's (global) neon color spreading (1975). Both phenomena have analogs in brightness perception. We propose that neon spreading is a lateral extension of neon flanks across the empty space between them, and discuss similarities of these effects with other brightness illusions (Schumann, Prandtl, Ehrenstein). For this group of illusions the term "line gap enhancement" is introduced to imply perceptual enhancement of changes in brightness and/or color along lines. Correspondences between the psychophysical properties and structural prerequisites for line gap enhancement on one hand and neuronal response properties of end-zone inhibited (hypercomplex) cortical cells on the other are discussed. PMID- 6523751 TI - Eye movements, afterimages and monocular rivalry. AB - The eye-movement/afterimage theory of "monocular rivalry" (MR) between gratings was tested and strongly supported. In three experiments perceptual dominance of vertical or horizontal components of the pattern and fluctuations in perceived contrast of a single grating were shown to depend on the nature of the preceding shift in fixation position in the manner predicted by the theory. In a fourth experiment the angular selectivity of these fluctuations was eliminated, as predicted, when appropriate eye movements were made. Fixation-contingent fluctuations became equally strong for 15 degrees and 90 degrees angles. Taken together with data on afterimages, the results appear to resolve most of the problems recently raised against the theory. PMID- 6523752 TI - Perceptual bistability with counterphase gratings. AB - Suprathreshold counterphase modulated gratings induce a bistable percept of drift or flicker. It is argued that these perceptual alternations might provide a new means for the investigation of directional selective mechanisms. The prevalance of either of the two perceptions has been studied as a function of the spatio temporal characteristics of the stimulus and compared with: (1) the spatio temporal contrast sensitivity surface for counterphase modulated gratings; (2) the motion/counterphase sensitivity ratio. Drift perception elicited by suprathreshold counterphase gratings attains a maximum for 8 c/deg, 12 Hz stimuli and decreases for any other experimental condition. For spatial frequencies below 1 c/deg, or temporal frequencies below 2 Hz, only flicker perception is reported. These phenomenal experiences do not show any systematic dependence on the involuntary eye movements of the observer. Comparison with the threshold measurements does not support their explanation in terms of the transient sustained dichotomy, nor does it allow for a straightforward equivalance between the spatio-temporal characteristics of direction-selective mechanisms at threshold and at suprathreshold levels. It is suggested that the balance between flicker and motion is the perceptual outcome of the competition between lower and higher order motion detectors. PMID- 6523753 TI - Rod-cone interaction in flicker detection. AB - There is considerable evidence in the literature that rod-cone interaction occurs when both rods and cones simultaneously detect a test target. More recent evidence, however, has shown a parafoveal rod-cone interaction during dark adaptation for a purely cone-detected flickering test stimulus; this influence on cone threshold appears to be mediated by surrounding rods. In this study, we demonstrate a similar rod-mediated influence on parafoveal cone-detected flicker threshold. More surprisingly, foveal cone-detected thresholds are also influenced by rods. This effect occurs over at least a 2 log unit intensity range of mesopic background level; cone-detected 25 Hz flicker sensitivity is enhanced by increasing the radiance of the background. The action spectrum of this effect fits the scotopic spectral sensitivity curve. At higher background levels, this rod-cone interaction disappears and surrounding cone activity then influences the cone flicker threshold. The results suggest that, as rods recover sensitivity, they reduce cone-detected flicker sensitivity, even at the fovea. The rod influence on cone flicker is most apparent for long wavelength test stimuli. Our results, in agreement with recent reports, suggest that the rod-cone interaction is laterally-mediated and may be specific for the long wavelength-sensitive cone type. PMID- 6523754 TI - Saturation in a wide-field, directionally selective movement detection system in fly vision. AB - In the third optic lobe of the fly large-field spiking neurons are found which detect movement in a directionally selective way. For a wide variety of stimuli the responses of one of these, the H1 neuron, can very well be described and predicted by Reichardt's correlation model which is based on behavioural optomoter responses. However, when the spike rate is driven to large values with intense stimuli, the correlation model needs to be extended in order to account for the saturation phenomena that occur. Saturation can take place in all the elements of the large and extensive movement detecting system which contains interneurons in the optic lobes which process and guide the signals from the peripheral receptors to the central H1 neuron. To separate saturation at the peripheral site from that at the central level of the H1 neuron, a special stimulation technique was chosen. In measuring the saturation at the central level the stimulus parameter was the size of the stimulus field, while the modulation depth of the moving grating in this field stayed constant. Saturation at the peripheral site of the system was studied with a stimulus in which the modulation depth of the moving grating was the parameter and the size of the stimulus field was small and constant. When a simple feedback loop is incorporated in the final stage of the correlation model the saturation phenomena at the central level for steady-state stimulus conditions can very well be described. Saturation phenomena at the peripheral site of the system can also be explained by the same kind of feedback mechanisms in the input channels. PMID- 6523755 TI - Effects of stimulus speed on direction discriminations. AB - Difference thresholds for the direction of movement of moving isotropic dot patterns were measured over a wide range of stimulus speeds. These measurements were made in human subjects, in normal cats and in visually deprived cats with abnormalities in neuronal directional response. For all subjects, direction thresholds were inversely related to stimulus speed at low drift rates. Above a "critical speed", direction thresholds were independent of stimulus speed. Between group differences in critical speed parallel differences in visual acuity and absolute thresholds for direction of motion. However, asymptotic direction thresholds appear to be unrelated to acuity and motion detection thresholds. It is argued that the basis for the differences in asymptotic direction thresholds between the groups are differences in properties of directional mechanisms. PMID- 6523756 TI - The contrast dependence of spatial frequency channel interactions. AB - Interactions between spatial frequency channels were tested in two ways: we measured the discriminability by the visual system between two compound spatial frequency gratings, of components with spatial frequencies in the ratio 1:3, when the difference between the two gratings was an increase (or decrease) in contrast of both components of the compound grating (contrast discrimination), or when the difference between the two gratings was an increase in contrast of one component and a decrease in contrast of the other component (pattern discrimination). We found that the contrast: pattern discriminability ratio differs significantly from unity in most conditions. Furthermore, this ratio is generally greater when the components of the grating are in peaks-add relative phase than when in peaks subtract phase. On the other hand, the ratio was close to unity for grating components of spatial frequencies 1 and 9 cycles/deg. These results suggest that the human visual system contains spatial frequency channels with bandwidths of between 1.6 and 3.2 octaves and that these relatively broad channels have peaks add spatial profiles. The channels appear linear at intermediate contrasts and spatial frequencies, but super-linear at high spatial frequencies and contrasts. Contrast and spatial frequency may be interchangeable for the determination of the linearity of the visual system. PMID- 6523757 TI - Assessment of retinal function in severely amblyopic individuals. AB - A quantitative psychophysical and electroretinographic assessment of severely amblyopic human eyes revealed no electrophysiological retinal analogue of the psychophysical deficit, when objectively refracted. Electroretinograms to pattern and uniform field flicker were normal in all but one amblyope. In this amblyope, although the electroretinographic deficit was uncorrelated with the psychophysical deficit, the reduced amplitude of the pattern-evoked response was also seen in the second harmonic component to uniform field stimulation. The deficit for each stimulus was only present at high signal levels. The similarity of the pattern evoked response and the second harmonic response to uniform field stimulation in normal and amblyopic eyes suggests a similar underlying process. PMID- 6523758 TI - Towards a general theory of the visual acuities for shape and spatial arrangement. AB - A wide range of pattern acuity measurements are presented, and detailed comparisons are made between different acuities for different stimuli and tasks. The most striking finding is that only a small number of cues and mechanisms are involved, and there are thus considerable inhomogeneities in spatial perception, even under focused attention and foveal viewing. A theory for pattern acuity is elaborated, bringing the pattern acuity phenomena into a more general scheme for the visual perception of spatial pattern. Four distinct mechanisms are required to account for all the data. Two of these analyse the shape of small segments of contour using high grade position and slope information; the other two relate the positions of these segments also using position and slope information, but of lower grade. PMID- 6523759 TI - Spatial filters and the localization of luminance changes in human vision. AB - Relative location acuities similar to vernier acuity were measured for a variety of different luminance profiles and contrasts. The results are interpreted in terms of the extraction of zero-bounded centroids in the responses of a limited range of bandpass spatial filters, with centre frequencies between 3.5 and 30 c/deg. The process by which the outputs of the filters are combined is examined, and MIRAGE, a specific proposal, tested and found to be supported. Analysis of the results obtained at lower contrasts suggests that the major source of noise lies not in the amplification of the filters, but is due to the location of the centroids being distorted by spurious noise zero-crossings. The pattern of noise intrusion is readily explained in terms of MIRAGE. PMID- 6523760 TI - Luminance change generates apparent movement: implications for models of directional specificity in the human visual system. AB - Two alternative schemes have been proposed for coding the local direction of stimulus motion in the visual image. The "sequence discrimination" scheme (e.g. Barlow H.B. and Levick W. R., J. Physiol., Lond. 178, 477-504, 1965) uses sequential change in stimulus position over time to infer movement direction; the "spatiotemporal derivative" scheme (Marr D.M. and Ullman S., Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B211, 151-180, 1981) uses change in stimulus luminance over space and time at just one position to infer movement direction. To test these models, subjects were shown stimuli which contained combinations of stationary vertical edges and changing luminances over time. They consistently reported either leftward or rightward motion, even though no sequential change in edge location took place. Perceived directions agreed with the predictions of the spatiotemporal derivative scheme. Alternative explanations for the results based on changes in apparent edge location could not account for the data. Previous reports of apparent motion during changes in stimulus luminance are also consistent with the scheme. PMID- 6523761 TI - Visual illusions without low spatial frequencies. AB - It has been suggested that many geometrical illusions may be caused by the lower spatial frequencies in the Fourier spectra of these images. We have tested this hypothesis by constructing classical illusory figures out of a new dot stimulus, which is free of visible low spatial frequencies. In every case, not only does the illusion persist, but for the Muller-Lyer figures, which were measured quantitatively, the illusion magnitude is not significantly changed. We conclude that geometrical illusions are not primarily a consequence of low spatial frequencies in the illusory figures. PMID- 6523762 TI - Light transmittance by goldfish eyes of different sizes. AB - The transmittance of the optic media was measured in eyes from small (4.3-5.5 cm standard body length), medium (8.3-10.0 cm) and large (14.2-17.5 cm) goldfish. Few differences were observed over this size range, despite a doubling in diameter of the globe. Relative transmittance was constant (+/- 0.04 log unit) between 450-700 nm, and absolute transmittance through the lens was approximately constant as well. Changes did occur, however, in the shorter wavelengths: at 350 nm, transmission of large eyes was diminished by about 0.40 log unit relative to small eyes. PMID- 6523763 TI - Microspectrophotometric study of visual pigments in five species of geckos. AB - Photoreceptors and visual pigments were studied by light microscopy and microspectrophotometry in geckos Teratoscincus scincus, Gymnodactylus russovi, G. caspius, G. fedchenkovi and G. kotschui. Type A single, type B double and the thicker members of type C double cells were found to contain a green-sensitive visual pigment with the maximum absorption at 534-537 nm. Blue-absorbing pigment (lambda m = 446-460 nm) was only found in the thinner members of type C doubles. PMID- 6523764 TI - Computer generated horopters. PMID- 6523765 TI - On effects of intensification on temporal integration. PMID- 6523766 TI - [Significance of prognostic indicators in multiple myeloma. I. Clinical, biochemical and radiographic indicators]. PMID- 6523767 TI - [Importance of prognostic indicators in multiple myeloma. II. Selected hematologic indicators]. PMID- 6523768 TI - [Diagnosis of malignant lymphoma]. PMID- 6523769 TI - [The role of echocardiography in the coronary unit]. PMID- 6523770 TI - [Changes in thyroid hormones in acute myocardial infarct]. PMID- 6523772 TI - [Present possibilities and future outlook on antineoplastic chemotherapy]. PMID- 6523771 TI - [Hemoperfusion in severe glutethimide poisoning]. PMID- 6523773 TI - [Hemodynamics of acute myocardial infarct. VII. Comparison of the radiographic picture of the lungs and heart]. PMID- 6523774 TI - [Cooperation in ensuring health care--a prerequisite for success]. PMID- 6523775 TI - [Polycythemia vera and its treatment with radioactive phosphorus (32P)]. PMID- 6523776 TI - [Unilateral fractures of the femoral neck and diaphysis]. PMID- 6523778 TI - [Thyroglobulin autoantibodies in patients with diseases of the thyroid]. PMID- 6523777 TI - [Systolic time intervals in patients with postinfarction cardiac insufficiency]. PMID- 6523779 TI - [Epidemics of acute diarrheal syndromes in the Rijeka region between 1961 and 1980]. PMID- 6523780 TI - [Scintigraphy of the salivary glands]. PMID- 6523781 TI - [Characteristics of mortality due to cancer of the colon and rectum in Serbia exclusive of the autonomous regions]. PMID- 6523782 TI - [Computerized tomography of the upper abdomen]. PMID- 6523784 TI - [Simultaneous acute infection with viral hepatitis A and B]. PMID- 6523783 TI - [Adult respiratory distress syndrome and fat embolism. Case report]. PMID- 6523785 TI - [Internal use of mineral waters in hyperacid states (bases of the methods)]. PMID- 6523786 TI - [Effects of mud application on the speed of evacuation of food from the stomach in patients with duodenal ulcer]. PMID- 6523787 TI - [Changes in serotonin metabolism in patients with duodenal ulcer during treatment under conditions of high altitude hypoxia]. PMID- 6523788 TI - [Effects of the chemical factor of sapropel applications on energy metabolism of the liver and the state of proliferative processes in the thymus gland in experimental toxic hepatitis]. PMID- 6523789 TI - [Effects of ultrasonic therapy on blood and urine porphyrins in young women with chronic inflammatory diseases of the genital organs and infertility]. PMID- 6523790 TI - [Effects of a single intake of weakly mineralized Naftusia-type water on gastric pH value]. PMID- 6523791 TI - [Importance of the action zone in adrenaline electrophoresis in patients with sequelae of viral encephalitis]. PMID- 6523792 TI - [Differentiated use of mud therapy in patients with sclerocystic ovarian syndrome]. PMID- 6523793 TI - [Osarsol electrophoresis in chronic urogenital trichomoniasis]. PMID- 6523795 TI - [Theoretical bases of physical therapy]. PMID- 6523794 TI - [Effectiveness of physical therapy methods in young persons who had suffered cerebral infarct]. PMID- 6523796 TI - [Sun-earth links]. PMID- 6523797 TI - [Physical therapy methods in proctology]. PMID- 6523798 TI - [Nature and significance of balneoreactions and exacerbation of diseases after health resort treatment]. PMID- 6523799 TI - [Effect of fructose included in an anti-atherosclerotic diet on the course of ischemic heart disease]. AB - The authors followed up 58 patients aged 40-56 years with coronary heart disease, who sustained myocardial infarction. Twenty-three patients received the antiatheroscleroctic diet including 140-150 g fructose (group 1), 35 subjects were given the common antiatherosclerotic diet (group 2). Fructose was included into salad, jelly, mousse, stewed fruit, cottage cheese pudding, lemon drink. A study was made on the effect of the therapeutic diets on immune responsiveness, lipid spectrum of blood serum, composition of fatty acids contained by red cell and platelet membranes, carbohydrate metabolism according to the glycemic curves after glucose intake. The data obtained demonstrate that inclusion of fructose in high doses (140-150 g) into the antiatherosclerotic diet has an untoward action on some features common to coronary heart disease. PMID- 6523800 TI - [Effect of a "green" diet on various clinical and metabolic indicators in patients with gastrointestinal diseases]. AB - The authors recommend that patients with all chronic diseases of the alimentary organs, particularly with colonic function abnormalities should receive, with the exception of patients with disease exacerbations, salads from raw vegetables (100 g 3 times a day) before meal being a constituent part of the balanced diet. The diet containing salad from raw vegetables was received by 93 inpatients with different chronic diseases of the alimentary tract, gastroduodenal ulcer included. The patients did not exhibit intolerance provided the salad was made properly. Pain and meteorism disappeared or were relieved, intestinal evacuation returned to normal in the majority of patients. PMID- 6523801 TI - [Effect of different dietary programs on serum monoamine oxidase activity in patients with obesity]. AB - MAO activity was studied in 116 patients with alimentary obesity (progressive, regressive and stable stages), placed on different food regimens. In the conditions of a negative caloric balance (deficiency of food calories) the patients with progressive obesity showed a significant reduction in the mean magnitude of MAO activity. The patients with stable obesity manifested MAO activity changes of different kinds under the same conditions. PMID- 6523802 TI - [Diet therapy of patients with chronic renal failure in its initial stage]. AB - The effects of two diets containing different proteins on the time-course of clinical and biochemical characteristics were studied in 60 patients with incipient chronic renal failure. One of the diets included protein of the vegetable origin (85%), whereas the other one animal protein (75%). The diet with vegetable protein produced a beneficial effect on the patients. They stopped making complaints, demonstrating blood pressure and azotemia reduction. The diet with animal protein was a failure. It is desirable that patients with incipient chronic renal failure should receive the first diet on a constant basis as the main treatment regimen. PMID- 6523803 TI - [Changes in various indicators of orthostatic stability in humans on long-term low-caloric diets]. AB - Ten male volunteers received a low-caloric diet (LCD) (under 1200 kcal) containing 49.4 g protein, 28 g fat and 181 g carbohydrates for 3 weeks, with energy expenditure amounting to about 2900 kcal/day. During the time indicated, the body mass of the test subjects dropped by 7.1%. According to subjective data the well-being, physical and mental working ability remained unchanged in the test subjects. During feeding with the LCD and making the active orthostatic test, the increment of the heart rate upon the change of the body position appeared the same as that during the comparison period. Meanwhile on the 6th day of the recovery period the increment was significantly higher than at the comparison period. The systolic, pulse and mean arterial pressure, with the test subjects fed the LCD being in the vertical position and at the recovery period, was lower than at the comparison period. The data obtained attest to a definite lowering of the orthostatic stability of man kept on the LCD for a long time and at the recovery period, with this lowering taking place chiefly at the expense of changes in the tone of peripheral blood vessels. PMID- 6523804 TI - [Comparative effectiveness of microelements added to the diet of athletes during training in different seasons]. AB - Twenty-five athletes were entered into the study. Emission spectral analysis employed in the study demonstrated that during the spring-autumn months, there was a considerable decrease in the blood content of iron, copper and manganese as compared to that seen during autumn and winter. That decrease was associated with a negative trace elements balance in the body and low content thereof in the athletes' diet. Enrichment of the diets with iron, copper and manganese combined with vitamin C during winter was followed by a less marked effect on trace elements metabolism, the growing red fiber of the blood, working capacity and immune resistance versus the use of the same trace elements in the athletes' diet during summer. The greatest effect was attained upon the intake of trace elements in combination with ascorbic acid and dibazol. PMID- 6523805 TI - [Effect of dimethylformamide on the microsomal hydroxylation system in the liver of rats fed diets with different fat contents]. AB - The authors studied the effect of the universal aprotonic solvent dimethylformamide (DFA) on liver microsomal hydroxylation of male rats fed diets with different fats (sunflower oil or lard). DMFA given in a dose of 200 mg/kg bw per os for 4 weeks produced a considerable reduction in cytochrome P-450 content in liver homogenates and microsomes and a lowering of the activity of N demethylation in microsomes with amidopyrine, ethylmorphine and DMFA being used as substrates. The degree of inhibition of the demethylase reactions and liver cytochrome P-450 content was more demonstrable in rats fed the diet containing sunflower oil as compared with animals whose diet contained lard. During DMFA intoxication, the rate of spontaneous formation of malonic dialdehyde in liver homogenates of rats given sunflower oil was considerably higher than in rats fed the diet with lard. Remarkable coproporphyrinuria was revealed during DMFA intoxication which was more pronounced in rats fed the diet containing sunflower oil. It was demonstrated that the lard-containing diet was marked by a higher vitamin E/polyunsaturated fatty acids ratio (mg/100 g) with regard to alpha tocopherol acetate added to the diet as compared to the sunflower oil-containing diet. The role of antioxidant properties of the diets in modification of the hepatotoxic action of DMFA is discussed. PMID- 6523806 TI - [Effectiveness of vitamin E and sodium selenate in carbon tetrachloride-induced liver damage depending on the season]. AB - Seasonal features of the efficacy of antioxidants for liver poisoning with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) were revealed in 175 random-bred male rats. Liver function was appraised according to the bile secretion characteristics (bile secretion rate, the level of bile acids, cholesterol and bilirubin in bile). It was discovered that CCl4 hepatotoxicity was the highest during spring and summer. Vitamin D was more efficacious in spring and summer, whereas sodium selenite in autumn and winter. The use of combined vitamin E and sodium selenite prevered the toxic action of CCl4 on the liver in autumn, winter and spring and minimized it in summer. The mechanisms of seasonal differences in the action of CCl4 on the liver and antioxidant efficacy for damage in question are discussed. The conclusion was made about an important role of the time factor in the prophylaxis and treatment with antioxidants of liver toxic damages. PMID- 6523807 TI - [Accumulation and transformation of dietary ergosterol in rats]. AB - The results of experiments on rats given the ergosterol-containing diet for a long time indicate that ergosterol was incorporated in liver tissues in trace amounts which are not comparable with ergosterol concentrations exerting an effect in model experiments. Ergosterol was not detected in the liver after 3-day experiments. At the same time it was established that the proportion of unchanged ergosterol in rat feces was about 16% of the amount administered per os. The products of a possible ergosterol transformation (dehydroneoergosterol-24-methyl 1,3,5 (10), 6,8 (9), 22-hexaen-3 beta-ol; 24-methylcholesta-7,24 (28)-dien-3 beta ol; 4-cholesta-7,22,25 (?)-trien-3 beta-ol; 4-methylcholesta-7,22 (?)-dien-3 beta ol, and so forth were identified in feces. PMID- 6523809 TI - [Nutrition of children with acute bronchitis associated with an abdominal pain syndrome]. PMID- 6523808 TI - [Effect of diets of different isomer composition of fatty acids on the blood vessel wall, blood lipids and platelet aggregation]. AB - It was established in rat experiments that prolonged (4.5 months) use of the diet with a high content of spatial (trans-) and positional isomers of fatty acids exerted an adverse effect on the laboratory animals. They showed the impairment of the hemostasis integrity; namely of the walls of blood vessels (aorta, intraorgan arteries of the heart and kidneys), blood lipids, fatty acid composition and aggregation properties of platelets. The animals developed alterations similar to those occurring with the use of the diets rich in saturated fatty acids. The vessels manifested dystrophic alterations of elasticity and smooth muscle cells, whereas blood an increase in the content of atherogenic lipoproteins associated with a high content of total lipids and cholesterol. The ADP-induced enhancement of platelet aggregation was observed in experiments in vitro. PMID- 6523810 TI - [Heavy metal content of canned fruit and vegetables]. PMID- 6523811 TI - [Use of nuclear radiation in public health institutions of the Ukrainian SSR]. PMID- 6523812 TI - [Glomerulonephritis as a nosologic form]. PMID- 6523813 TI - [Structural changes in the walls of blood vessels after embolization with a metal spiral in order to reduce blood flow]. PMID- 6523814 TI - [Neurohistologic and histochemical study of labial fissures]. PMID- 6523815 TI - [Comparative study of concentrations of lysozyme in serum, bronchoalveolar washings and alveolar macrophages in lung diseases]. PMID- 6523817 TI - [Value of immunologic tests in the diagnosis of infiltrative processes in the lungs]. PMID- 6523816 TI - [Our experience with hemosorption in the complex treatment of various diseases of the respiratory organs]. PMID- 6523818 TI - [Role of bicycle ergometry in the diagnosis of respiratory disorders in pulmonary tuberculosis patients]. PMID- 6523819 TI - [Effect of proteinase inhibitors on the blood clotting system and fibrinolysis in bronchial asthma patients]. PMID- 6523820 TI - [Thermography in the diagnosis of respiratory insufficiency and peripheral circulatory disorders in bronchial asthma patients]. PMID- 6523821 TI - [Pulmonary hemorrhage as a cause of fatal outcome in pulmonary tuberculosis patients]. PMID- 6523822 TI - [Rehabilitation of microfocal myocardial infarct patients in stages]. PMID- 6523824 TI - [Energy characteristics of the movement routines of ischemic heart disease patients]. PMID- 6523823 TI - [Value of precardial electrocardiotopography in the diagnosis of focal dystrophy and microfocal myocardial infarct]. PMID- 6523825 TI - [Evaluation of the results of the granulocyte nitroblue tetrazolium test in ischemic heart disease patients]. PMID- 6523826 TI - [Functional activity of the blood leukocytes of ischemic heart disease patients]. PMID- 6523827 TI - [Effect of tobacco smoking on hemodynamics of the general and pulmonary circulations]. PMID- 6523828 TI - [State of the blood kinin system in patients with adrenal hypertension]. PMID- 6523829 TI - [Thermographic studies of hypertensive patients undergoing treatment in a biotron]. PMID- 6523830 TI - [Relation between sex, age, time of day and day of the week and the occurrence of cerebral hypertensive crises]. PMID- 6523831 TI - [Diagnostic significance of changes in the ST-T complex of the electrocardiogram (review of the literature)]. PMID- 6523832 TI - [Status of body reactivity and the activity of the antioxidant system of acute cholecystitis patients]. PMID- 6523833 TI - [Determination of the free amino acid composition of bile using an automatic analyzer in chronic cholecystitis patients]. PMID- 6523834 TI - [Abnormal amino acid spectrum in the blood of acute pancreatitis patients]. PMID- 6523835 TI - [Status of the nervous system in chronic bronchitis]. PMID- 6523836 TI - [Hygienic features of the work of electronics industry workers and ways of improving them]. PMID- 6523837 TI - [Clinico-epidemiologic characteristics of rotavirus gastroenteritis]. PMID- 6523838 TI - [Ways of improving vaccine prevention of infections]. PMID- 6523839 TI - [Disorders in the quantitative and qualitative composition of the serum lipoproteins in ischemic heart disease patients]. PMID- 6523840 TI - [An economical method for research on serum triacylglycerols in mass screening]. AB - A method with thin layer chromatography on alufoil of the firm "Merck" was developed for the needs of mass screening in the studies on lipid metabolism. Serum lipids extract is divided at a liquid phase benzine-diethyl ether 4:1. After carbonization, lipid spots are observed. The fourth of them is of TAG. The intensity of the spot is compared with the standard triolein. In this way the sera with hypertriglyceridemia are separated and only a small part of the mass screening (5-8%) are further studied by enzyme or other methods. In this way time and means are largely saved. Because of the small quantity of serum necessary for the investigations, the method is recommended for the pediatric practice as well. PMID- 6523841 TI - [Malignant degeneration of stomach ulcer]. AB - It is a follow up of 242 patients with gastric ulcer disease. Sixty two per cent of them were observed for more than 3 years. They were controlled by X-ray examinations (41%) or endoscopically (59%). Full recovery was obtained in 127 patients (53%). A total of 115 were not healed until the end of the survey. The risk of malignisation is estimated as very low. Only 5 patients developed cancer of the stomach (2,06%). Much more important is the early differential diagnosis between gastric ulcer and the primary ulcerative form of gastric cancer. The follow up care of a gastric ulcer disease should be effectuated not by X-ray but by gastrofibroscopic examinations in individual terms and aimed biopsies should be taken as much as possible. Operation is rejected as standard policy in gastric ulcers that were not healed after 3-month medical treatment. It seems advisable to avoid gastroduodenal resection (Billroth II) for gastric ulcer, as a remote prophylaxis against primary cancer of the gastric stump. PMID- 6523842 TI - [Anticipation of duodenal peptic ulcer. I. Prevention in subjects at risk of inheriting it]. AB - A total of 267 patients with duodenal ulcer with a familial history of the same disease were studied, whose patients, one of them or both, had suffered from the same disease. It was established that in the children of the affected parents, the disease occurred at a considerably earlier age. The premature occurrence for the separate groups is with 12.5 to 16.7 years on the average and is established in 96,6 per cent of the probands, whereas a retardation was observed in only 1,5%. It could, therefore, be admitted that the anticipation is a regular phenomenon for the duodenal ulcer. Its effect, however, has some specific characteristics in the duodenal ulcer disease, and cannot be explained only from the position of the hypothesis of multigen heredity. The anticipation of ulcerogenesis in the children of the affected parents is admitted to be determined, primarily, by the progressively enhanced action of polygens in the generations. The environmental factors, very likely, play an additional role in that process. PMID- 6523843 TI - [Treatment of diffuse membranous glomerulonephritis with a combination of anticoagulants and corticosteroids]. AB - The results are reported from the administration of an original therapeutic combination, including anticoagulants (heparin and acenocoumarol) and corticosteroids to 18 patients with diffuse membranous glomerulonephritis. The anticoagulant treatment begins with heparin intravenously (30 000 U daily) and continues, after 1-2 months with acenocoumarol. The corticosteroids were applied with an initial dose of 60 mg prednison, with further gradual decrease. The treatment lasts from 7 to 60 months (18,8 months on the average). Complete clinical-laboratory remission was obtained in 14 patients (77,8%), and partial in 3 (16,7%). The remission develops 6 to 24 months (8,7 months on the average) after the initiation of the treatment. According to the author, the good therapeutic results are due to the original combination of anticoagulants with corticosteroids, not administered so far by other authors to membranous glomerulonephritis, to the rather long-term treatment and to the qualitative follow-up care. PMID- 6523844 TI - [Treatment of heart rhythm disorders with verapamil]. AB - The results from the administration of verapamyl (isoptine--Knoll GFR) to 30 patients with disturbed heart rhythm are presented, that are grouped as follows: supraventricular paroxysmal tachycardia (SPI)--10; auricular fibrillation (AFi)- 8; auricular flutter (AFl)--7; supraventricular extrasystoles (SE)--4, and ventricular extrasystoles (VE)--1. Generally, very good results were obtained, the best effect established with SPT and AFi--rhythm restored in 70 per cent, 50 per cent respectively. Improvement was not attained in a total of 26,7 per cent, adverse effects--hypotony and AV-block were established in 6,66%. PMID- 6523845 TI - [Attempt to analyze the extrahospital time in managing an acute myocardial infarct patient]. AB - The time of prehospital attendance of patients with acute myocardial infarction is analyzed for the period 1970-1983 by an emergency team according to a scheme of the stages and time for transport, communication and therapy respectively. The duration of the separate stages is determined and a conclusion is drawn that the time for communication and transport is most protracted, and the time for the therapy of a non complicated infarction--is one fourth of the total attendance time. Potentialities are looked for in order to shorten the stages by the regulation of the team, including a stretcher-bearer and a nurse, the necessity of qualification of all teams. The statistical processing of the material is presented as well as a scheme with the outcome of 230 myocardial infarctions- survival, total mortality rate and lethality, 314 patients were followed up as regards hospitalization and a correlation is presented of the members of the team and attendance time with respresentative and chronometric methods. PMID- 6523847 TI - [Age-related reference values for serum triacylglycerol subfractions]. AB - In connection with the increased importance of serum triacylglycerols (TAG) in atherogenesis and with a view to their eventual changes wth age, their subfractions were studied in practically healthy subjects via thin-layer chromatography. Comparative assessments for "norm" of TAG-subfractions are elaborated according to saturation rate, depending on age, and sex. No regular sex differences were established in the rest age groups. With age advancing reduction of S3 was established for both sexes, of MD2--for females and M3--for males and increase of M2 in females and D2 in males. In quantitative respect, for both sexes, most frequent are MD and M2, followed by S2M and SD2. The saturated fatty acids predominate at 1 and 3 positions of TAG in practically healthy subjects and at 2 position--unsaturated fatty acids. PMID- 6523846 TI - [Urinary excretion of free cortisol in diabetics]. AB - The 24-h urine excretion of free cortisol was studied of 61 patients with diabetes mellitus. Its average value is significantly higher than that of healthy controls. No correlation was established between those changes and sex, age, light overweight in some of the patients, duration and type of diabetes as well as of vascular-degenerative lesions. A positive correlation was established between cortisoluria and glucosuria as well as significantly lower excretion of cortisol in the compensated versus decompensated diabetics, suggesting that the changes established are of reactive character. PMID- 6523848 TI - High dosage cyclophosphamide and dexamethasone treatment of paraquat poisoning with 75% survival. PMID- 6523849 TI - Roentgenographic skull volume in Jamaican children between the ages of one month and five years. PMID- 6523850 TI - Control of anaemia in the English-speaking Caribbean. PMID- 6523851 TI - A clinico-pathological study on phaeochromocytoma at the University Hospital of the West Indies. PMID- 6523852 TI - Psychiatric morbidity and related factors in West Indian students. PMID- 6523853 TI - Current patterns of uncinariasis and its relationship to iron deficiency anemia. PMID- 6523854 TI - Prediction of post-operative wound infection by a simple score system. PMID- 6523855 TI - Retroperitoneal teratoma in an infant. PMID- 6523856 TI - Neurological sequelae of lithium therapy. PMID- 6523857 TI - Personal health promotion. AB - Mortality data on the leading causes of death conceal the relationship to underlying risk factors; if we classified deaths according to risk factors, annually there might be an estimated 350,000 smoking-related deaths, 200,000 alcohol-related deaths and 135,000 nutrition-related cancer deaths. Similarly, five causes of death-heart disease, lung cancer, cirrhosis of the liver, suicide and motor vehicle accidents-contribute most to the risk of dying in the next ten years for a 40-year-old white man. Review of protective factors shows that adopting and maintaining a healthful life-style can contribute to reducing risk. Practicing physicians can assume both direct and indirect roles in promoting personal health maintenance. PMID- 6523858 TI - Physician-patient partnerships for lifelong health monitoring. AB - Progress against disease has created in some parts of the world a situation in which people can expect good health into the eighth decade of life and beyond. Ideally that involves a physician-patient partnership for health maintenance, wherein a patient actively develops a life-style that is conducive to health. The scientific base for health maintenance has been growing through epidemiologic demonstration of the relationship between health and such living habits as smoking, diet, exercise and the use of alcohol, and the significance of blood pressure and other precursors of health effects that can be determined by physical examination.Lifelong health monitoring of patients by physicians builds on this scientific base for health maintenance, which merely extends the presently well-established schema for monitoring health during pregnancy and infancy. Public readiness for a health-oriented, in addition to a disease oriented, medical service is growing. PMID- 6523859 TI - Some obstacles to the evaluation and effective performance of health appraisals. AB - Certain obstacles exist in evaluating screening tests and health examinations. When a voluntarily screened group is compared with an unscreened group and when the survival of cases detected in these two groups is compared, self-selection bias, lead-time bias, length bias and overdiagnosis confuse the evaluation and usually make an examination seem better than it really is. A randomized controlled trial overcomes these biases; one group is offered screening, the other is not and the outcomes in both entire groups are observed. Unavoidable crossovers between the groups tend to obscure any benefit of the examination, however. Evaluations of screening tests have tended to emphasize the value of positive results and have neglected the value of negative results. In obtaining maximum benefit from health appraisals, attention needs to be directed at self selection, nonmedical threats to life and health, risk factors in addition to early disease and tailoring an examination to the needs of individual patients. PMID- 6523860 TI - Societal influences on health and life-styles. AB - Strong sociocultural forces affect individual attitudes toward health and choice of life-style. Economic deprivation fosters negative health behaviors. Positive health habits are reinforced by discrete societal groups. The news media, particularly television, disseminate much useful health information, though the overall educational value is diminished by the content of commercial messages and programming. The automobile is a major societal influence, but neither individual drivers nor the car manufacturers give enough priority to highway safety, leaving that role to governmental regulation. American industry is becoming a positive influence in the encouragement of good health habits, and fashion is lately an important ally in personal health maintenance. PMID- 6523861 TI - Some ingredients for mental health. AB - When the body is ailing the mind is soon impaired. Good health practices contribute to longer and better life. A balanced life of work-rest-play is necessary to human health. Psychosocial stresses at any period of life may impair morale and productivity and increase the likelihood of physical or mental disease. Bereavement, separation, divorce, loss of friendship, retirement, loss of self-esteem and symbolic losses contribute significantly to mental and physical ill health. Social and psychological support systems are vital to mental health maintenance. Mature persons evolve principles, values, moral and ethical tenets, philosophic and religious ideals and special codes of conduct to give meaning to their lives. The basic needs of survival and procreation must be integrated with moral precepts relating to interindividual behavior so as to give a person a feeling of self-worth, which is an indispensable element in mental health. PMID- 6523862 TI - Diet and health. AB - The role of diet in personal health maintenance is important whether a person is trying to stay healthy or to treat diet-related diseases such as hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, diabetes mellitus or obesity. Dietary recommendations include limiting fat to 30% and protein to 20% of total calories, with the remaining 50% coming from carbohydrate. Maintaining dietary changes for long periods is very difficult for many persons. Specific self-management skills may ease the task. PMID- 6523863 TI - Smoking and health. AB - Although cigarette smoking is the number one public health problem in the United States, physicians have failed to take the lead either in convincing youngsters not to begin smoking or in aiding adults to quit smoking. To be most effective and convincing in combating the smoking epidemic, practicing physicians must have the same basic fund of knowledge about the short- and long-term consequences of smoking as they do about other commonly encountered medical problems. By acting on such knowledge and adopting a definite set of attitudes and activities in their offices and with patients, physicians can make a significant contribution to their patients and to the entire community in which they practice. PMID- 6523864 TI - [Effect of hand cooling test on arterial blood pressure and electrocardiographic changes in patients with coronary disease before and after administration of cordarone]. PMID- 6523865 TI - [Adrenal cortex tumors in children]. PMID- 6523866 TI - [Examination of the cervical spine for the detection of the causes of cervical myelopathy]. PMID- 6523867 TI - [Diagnostic difficulties in a case of acute myocarditis]. PMID- 6523868 TI - [Difficulties in the treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis in a patient rapidly inactivating isoniazid (INH)]. PMID- 6523869 TI - [Situs inversus of the viscera in a newborn infant with with coexistent congenital heart disease]. PMID- 6523870 TI - [Cholelithiasis in a 17-year-old patient with lupus nephropathy]. PMID- 6523871 TI - [Autotransplantation of splenic parenchyma]. PMID- 6523872 TI - [Incarcerated obturator hernia]. PMID- 6523873 TI - [2 cases of necrosis of uterine myoma in early pregnancy]. PMID- 6523874 TI - [Use of computerized tomography in the diagnosis of thoracic tumors]. PMID- 6523875 TI - [Indications for environmental rehabilitation of children with psychosomatic diseases]. PMID- 6523876 TI - [Factor analysis of selected psychomotor indicators in the study of the effect of menstrual bleeding on the physical fitness of women]. PMID- 6523877 TI - [A case of accessory pancreas in the gastric wall simulating a neoplasm]. PMID- 6523878 TI - [Colonic stenosis in acute pancreatitis]. PMID- 6523879 TI - [Extensive rupture of the right hepatic lobe caused by a blunt injury of the lumbar region]. PMID- 6523880 TI - [Surgically treated intracranial aneurysms in 2 brothers]. PMID- 6523881 TI - [Multiple sclerosis with bladder-sphincter dyssynergia]. PMID- 6523882 TI - [Selected problems of the physical rehabilitation of patients with ischemic heart disease]. PMID- 6523883 TI - [Postgraduate training of primary health care physicians in internal medicine]. PMID- 6523884 TI - [Early prognosis of the course of hepatitis B using radioimmunoassay of HBA/IgM complexes]. AB - By other authors complexes of HBsAg and nonspecific gammaglobulin of the IgM class were found in the serum in the early stages of hepatitis B. These complexes were detected by radioimmunoassay. They persisted in chronic hepatitis, but disappeared from the serum within one month in acute cases. Our own data also confirm these findings. From our figures it can be calculated that the prognosis of acute hepatitis in any one patient can be stated with a probability of 98.8% as early as 4 weeks after onset of the disease. Two weeks later a chronic course can be predicted with a probability of 82%. HBsAg/IgM-complexes occur almost exclusively in sera positive for HBsAg. Their disappearance, however, is independent of the presence of HBeAg, as well as of the amount of HBsAg. They represent a new marker which is recognizable at an early stage of infection and gives a reliable prognosis of the course of hepatitis B. PMID- 6523885 TI - [Antiarrhythmic effect and side effects of amiodarone]. AB - Amiodarone (AM) is one of the most potent antiarrhythmic drugs, the value of which is limited by reversible and irreversible side-effects (SE). 59 patients, 50 male, 9 female (age 33 to 81 years) entered the study with ventricular tachycardia (VT, 68%), WPW-tachycardia (12%), non-sustained VT (12%) or untreatable paroxysmal atrial fibrillation or supraventricular tachycardia (8%). Prior to AM the patients had received 1 to 8 different antiarrhythmic drugs (m 3.5) and maximal 9 different combinations of antiarrhythmics. The drug regimen started with a loading dose of 1200 mg/d for 1 to 2 weeks and was continued with a maintenance dose of 200 to 600 mg/d. The patients were followed up 1 to 41 months (m 14 m). The drug effect was evaluated using clinical criteria (recurrence of arrhythmias, death), computer-assisted analysis of several 24 hr long-term ECGs and programmed electrophysiological stimulation. Three- to six monthly the patients were seen in our outpatient department for check up and blood-sample analysis (liver, thyroid gland etc.). Also in the majority of the patients frequent ophthalmological and dermatological investigations, as well as lung functions tests were carried out. RESULTS: under AM therapy the initial arrhythmias were no longer detectable in 41% of the patients. In 37% a significant amelioration of the formerly life-threatening arrhythmias was found. 7 patients (12%), predominantly with reduced left ventricular function, died during follow up. No pulmonary, hepatotoxic or neurological SE were found. All patients developed reversible AM keratopathy. In 27% ETR and T4 were elevated, but only one patient developed hyperthyroidism with an increase in TT3. Another patient showed signs of hypothyroidism with an elevated TSH prior to TRH stimulation. Increased phototoxicity was found in 31%, whereas in two patients typical AM hyperpigmentation occurred, especially on the face. In conclusion, AM is a highly effective antiarrhythmic agent, despite a negatively selected collective, but it should only be used in patients with refractory arrhythmia in view of the SE. PMID- 6523886 TI - [Endocurie therapy of breast cancer I. Indication and value of the implantation of iridium 192 within the total concept of conservative organ-preserving therapy of breast cancer]. AB - The goal of conservative surgery is reduction of macroscopic tumour masses and lymph node sampling. In combination with adequate radiotherapy the local control rates reported by some authors are as good as those of radical surgery. Interstitial implantation of Ir192 offers the possibility of applying very high radiation doses without early complications and late effects. This method could also be carried out effectively as primary treatment, even for locally advanced stages. The recurrence rates for early breast cancer in a few reports are lower than 10%. Combined with systemic therapy the treatment results even in T3 and T4 lesions are relatively satisfactory. These treatment concepts remain to be tested in controlled clinical trials. PMID- 6523887 TI - [Endocurie therapy of breast cancer II. Radiation biology problems]. AB - The problem of combining fractionated MeV teleradiotherapy with protracted interstitial irradiation is discussed. Synchronization, reoxygenation, redistribution, regeneration and repair phenomena determine the biological consequences during protracted exposure. This is especially important in the treatment of macroscopic tumour masses. PMID- 6523888 TI - [Endocurie therapy of breast cancer III. Concept and method at the Radiotherapy University Hospital, Vienna--Initial results]. AB - We recently introduced the implantation of Iridium 192 as a method of local treatment of breast cancer in Austria. The afterloading technique is described. This modality should be used as a boost to the "high-risk" areas following conservative breast surgery and combined with megavoltage external irradiation. Interstitial implantation may also be used as a primary form of treatment. A report on 35 patients is presented, 25 of whom underwent a curative schedule for T1-2, N0-1 tumors. 10 patients were treated individually. The aesthetic results are very pleasing. There were no severe complications and no early local recurrences. The interpretation of the results can be only in the form of trends because of the short follow-up time of 1 year. PMID- 6523889 TI - [Surgical therapy of breast cancer: to operate radically or to preserve the breast?]. AB - Surgical treatment, i.e. partial resection (R) versus modified radical mastectomy (M) in lymph node negative T1/2 patients and M versus the classical Halsted procedure (RM) in lymph node positive cases, as well as adjuvant treatment forms, namely chemotherapy (B) and chemoimmunotherapy (C) versus a control group treated by surgery only (A) have been evaluated in 241 patients with breast cancer follow up over a median observation time of 48 months. Whereas M showed significantly better results than R, no difference was detected between M and RM. The incidence of recurrence in the R group did not appear to be markedly reduced by cytotoxic treatment. In the same way, the data from a retrospective study on non-randomized patients treated by breast resection, showed a relatively high local recurrence rate (23.6%) at a median observation level of 10 years. Considering the various forms of surgical treatment for operable breast cancer by analysing the data from retrospective studies and prospective randomized trials from the literature as well as our own results, the only recommendation for the standard treatment of patients with primary operable breast cancer should be nothing less than modified radical mastectomy. Breast-conserving treatment forms should be tested only within the framework of controlled clinical trials. PMID- 6523890 TI - [Clinical experiences with the tumor marker TPA in the maxillofacial region]. AB - The tissue polypeptide antigen test (TPA) was carried out in 25 patients with tumours of the maxillofacial region before and after surgery. Further control determination were performed for up to 14 months. A decrease in TPA values was found in only 4 patients after surgery, but a steep rise in TPA values was found with progressive tumor growth. No conclusion can yet be drawn from these initial results as to whether this test is of importance in tumours of the maxillofacial region. PMID- 6523891 TI - [Peritumoral infiltration of mononuclear leukocytes and clinical course in bladder cancer]. AB - Peritumoral infiltration by mononuclear leucocytes was investigated in 27 recurrent-free cases of bladder cancer and also in 22 cases which had taken an unfavourable course. The investigation was undertaken in all cases after transurethral resection of the tumour and intravesical instillation of adriamycin or BCG. 67% of the recurrence free cases showed peritumoral infiltration by inflammatory cells, whilst the remaining 33% failed to show any such reaction. Of the patients in whom the disease was progressive only 5% showed peritumoral infiltration with mononuclear leucocytes, whereas 95% demonstrated no such cell infiltration. Of 19 patients with tumour-associated inflammatory cell infiltration 95% remained recurrent free, whereas of 30 patients lacking this response only 30% remained recurrence free. PMID- 6523892 TI - [Early diagnosis of endometrial cancer]. AB - The increasing morbidity rate of endometrial carcinoma has prompted the development of methods of examination suitable for the detection of asymptomatic carcinoma of the endometrium. Commercially available instruments for collection of specimens from the uterine cavity employ washing, aspiration or curettage techniques. Under clinical testing conditions, these instruments have been shown to have a high cytomorphological accuracy, namely 80%. It has not yet been possible to reproduce this high level of accuracy under outpatient conditions. Hence, utilization of these techniques as screening methods in a cancer prevention programme for the early detection of endometrial cancer cannot be realized at the present time. Prerequisites for their use would be further technical improvements in instrumentation and a sufficient level of expertise in the assessment of endometrial smears by differential cytological techniques. PMID- 6523893 TI - [Glomerular proteinuria in pregnancy hypertension]. AB - In view of the lack of reliable diagnostic parameters for predicting pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH) the aim of this study was to test the prognostic value of electrophoretic urinary protein patterns. Based on experience with this method in nephrology, molecular weight related polyacrylamide-gel-electrophoresis (PAGE) of urinary proteins was used to distinguish between the different kinds of renal lesions (glomerular, tubular, combination, extrarenal). The analysis was carried out in two independent groups: urines of 126 non-selected pregnant women (1st group) were analysed at regular intervals. By chance, none of them had a history of previous PIH or hypertension, nor any signs of impaired renal function before or during the present pregnancy. In a 2nd group 124 women after severe PIH (pd greater than or equal to 110 mm Hg) were examined in part using PAGE, postpartum renal biopsy and long-term clinical follow up (greater than or equal to 1 year after PIH). In 29/124 cases data for all mentioned parameters was collected. 24 women of the prepartum group developed an electrophoretic pattern characteristic of glomerular proteinuria, which was persistent once found. PIH appeared greater than or equal to 8 weeks after the appearance of this pathological pattern in 15/24 women of this subgroup; 5 of 9 remaining women developed PIH in a subsequent pregnancy. None of the 102 women with other protein patterns developed PIH. In the 2nd group a close relationship was found between the glomerular protein patterns 0.5 to 3 years after PIH, clinical long-term follow up and renal biopsies about 1 year after PIH.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6523894 TI - [The epileptic mother and her child]. AB - This study is a review of the literature on the influence of epilepsy and antiepileptic medication on the course of pregnancy and the foetus, as well as of the effect of pregnancy on the disease. Antiepileptic treatment is supposedly responsible for the increased rate of abnormal bleeding after delivery. Data on the perinatal mortality of epileptics are conflicting. The offspring of epileptic women are often smaller than normal neonates, indicating retarded growth, and the incidence of malformations is 1.25 times higher. Until now there has been no direct evidence of a teratogenic effect of the commonly used antiepileptic drugs, and the risk of malformations may possibly be correlated with the severity of the epilepsy. The effect of pregnancy on seizure frequency seems to be quite variable. Higher seizure frequency is seen during pregnancy, but this is not a universal phenomenon. The incidence of seizures in gestational epilepsy has no predictive value with respect to the course of later pregnancy. A positive correlation seems to exist between the development of eclampsia and later epilepsy, a family history of epilepsy and cerebral dysrhythmias. Status epilepticus is uncommon in pregnancy. The requirement of several antiepileptic drugs is increased during pregnancy. The metabolism of carbamazepine, primidone, and clorazepate is probably accelerated in the gestational period, but data on other antiepileptic drugs are inconclusive or lacking. The intestinal absorption of antiepileptic drugs may be impaired during pregnancy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6523895 TI - [Integration of psychosomatics with internal medicine. A diagnostic and therapeutic strategy for psychosomatic-internal medicine patients]. AB - The high incidence of contributory psychosocial factors in developmental aspects of internal diseases makes it necessary to give up traditional forms of cooperation between internal and psychosomatic medicine, such as consultations, in favour of more intensive cooperation, in the course of which psychosocial aspects would be taken more into account in diagnosis and therapy of all patients in medical wards and clinics. A new method of treatment integrated into the medical department is presented, which favours not only patients, but also team centered approach. The referral frequency of the new service, the diagnostic distribution and the therapeutic management of the first 270 patients is discussed. Special staff training, the key function of the first interview, the attainable cooperation and pre-selection of referred patients and the importance of the referral talk are emphasized. PMID- 6523896 TI - [Dermatoglyphics in families with Potter type III polycystic kidney degeneration]. AB - Several dermatoglyphic studies of patients suffering from genetically determined disorders which are not manifest at birth, indicate an early direct or indirect influence of the causative factors on the formation of dermatoglyphics. On the basis of these observations the present study gives an analysis of the quantitative and qualitative dermatoglyphic characteristics of fingers, palms and soles, as well as body and head measurements and morphological traits of the head and face of nine patients with adult polycystic kidney disease (APCD) type III and of their first and second degree relatives. No malformations nor any significant variation of these variables were observed, i.e. no differences were recorded between patients and controls or patients and their healthy relatives. Yet some interesting trends appeared in dermatoglyphic ridge counts when special methods for intrafamilial comparison were applied. Thus, APCD type III ridge counts on fingers and palms were somewhat lower when plotted against their mid parent values than those of their healthy sibs. Nevertheless, only studies of additional family material may permit the conclusion that such a constellation is due to type III APCD, and not merely a spurious finding. PMID- 6523897 TI - The rise of the free standing birth center: principles and practice. AB - The last decade witnessed a movement toward out-of-hospital birth. Licensed free standing birth centers (FSBCs) proliferated and, by 1984, over 100 were operating in the U.S. This paper details the history of The Birth Place in Menlo Park, CA. Over a three year period, 251 women in labor were admitted to the clinic. Of these women, 200 (80%) completed delivery at the center. Of these, four mothers and three babies transferred to the hospital postpartum for treatment. Fifty-one women (20%) transferred to the hospital intrapartum primarily as a result of prolonged or arrested labor. There were 11 forceps deliveries (4%) and six cesarean sections (2%). Of 51 babies born at the hospital, nine had complications requiring treatment. Overall, clients expressed a strong sense of satisfaction regarding their birth experience. The FSBC, with its alternative philosophy, serves as an important experiment testing out-of-hospital birth outcomes in a carefully screened low risk population. PMID- 6523898 TI - The women's movement and older women's health: issues and policy implications. AB - Since women are an increasing proportion of the older population, the health issues that affect older Americans must be regarded in large part as women's issues. Women experience aging differently from men. The advantage in life expectancy of women over men is not always a boon. Older women have substantially lower incomes and higher poverty rates, are more likely to be widowed and living alone, and depend more on entitlement and social service programs. This paper traces the evolution of the women's movement and identifies some of the health care problems of older women in terms of psychological, socio-cultural, and economic factors. The role of the medical establishment and federal regulations that affect older women are examined. The White House Conference on Aging (1981) is seen as a prelude to the current policies of the Administration that affect older women. Necessary policy changes on the Federal and local levels are discussed as well as the need for redirection in the women's health movement. PMID- 6523899 TI - Management of severe tetanus in a small community hospital. PMID- 6523900 TI - Lightning cataracts. PMID- 6523901 TI - Chronic meningococcemia. PMID- 6523903 TI - Financial planning for health care development in Ethiopia. Ministry of Health, Ethiopia. PMID- 6523902 TI - Health costs & financing and the work of WHO. PMID- 6523904 TI - Health costs and financing. Future developments. PMID- 6523905 TI - Diagnostic virology laboratory within a microbiology setting. AB - The virology section at St. Francis Hospital and Medical Center, Connecticut, is not a separate laboratory division but is a part of the microbiology division and is supervised by the same personnel who supervise bacteriology, mycology, mycobacteriology, and serology. Current volume is over 1,000 cultures yearly with 12 to 24 percent positive. Isolates are confirmed and typed by the Connecticut State Health Department Laboratory. Specimen distribution, percentage positive specimens, and distribution of viral isolates are similar to those reported from microbiology laboratories with separate virology laboratories directed by a full time doctoral-level virologist. Our seven years' experience demonstrates that a microbiology laboratory without a full-time doctoral-level virologist can provide clinically useful virologic information. PMID- 6523906 TI - Observations related to chronologic and gynecologic age in pregnant adolescents. AB - A low chronologic age (less than or equal to 15 years) and low gynecologic age (less than or equal to 2 years) have been considered factors that increase medical complications among adolescent pregnant women. Gynecologic age (GA) is defined in this study as age in years at conception minus age at menarche. Two hundred twelve consecutive pregnant teenagers were followed prospectively in the Teen OB Clinic at the University of California, San Diego Medical Center, between August 1978 and July 1981. The clinic population consisted of 37.3 percent Whites, 35.8 percent Hispanics, 20.8 percent Blacks, and 6.1 percent other (mostly Indochinese). Sixty-eight percent of the patients were funded by MediCal. The patient population was divided by chronological age (CA) at conception into those 15 years or less or 16 years or older. A low chronological age was found to be a significant risk factor for premature rupture of membranes. Teenagers with a low gynecologic age (less than or equal to 2) had a lower mean pre-pregnancy weight and body mass index (Kg/M2) than teenagers with a higher gynecologic age. In this study, we did not find that a low CA or GA was correlated with a higher frequency of pregnancy-induced hypertension, prenatal medical problems, obstetrical problems at labor or delivery, or an excessive number of low birthweight infants. PMID- 6523907 TI - Fever, jaundice, and histiocytic erythrophagocytosis: fulminant infection or malignancy? AB - Some of the problems which we see on the infectious disease consultation service can be quite frustrating. This is one such case. A middle-aged man presented to our medical service with fever and dyspnea. His fulminant downhill course was characterized by anemia, jaundice, hypercalcemia, pulmonary abnormalities, and a lack of responsiveness to conventional antimicrobial therapy. At autopsy, malignant-appearing histiocytes were present in several organs including spleen, lymph nodes, and lung. Histopathological examination of tissues obtained at autopsy confirmed the presence of phagocytized erythrocytes within such histiocytes. This case aptly illustrates the hazy dividing line which sometimes exists between infectious and/or malignant processes which are, at present, still of undetermined etiology. PMID- 6523908 TI - Influence of tryptophan and related compounds on ergot alkaloid formation in Claviceps purpurea (FR.) Tul. AB - L-Tryptophan did not exert any influence on peptide alkaloid formation in an ergotamine and in an ergosine-accumulating C. purpurea strain. A different picture was observed in a series of related C. purpurea strains. Tryptophan showed a slight stimulatory effect on the ergotoxine producer Pepty 695/S. A blocked mutant of it, designated as Pepty 695/ch which was able to accumulate secoclavines gave similar results. In a high-yielding elymoclavine strain Pepty 695/e, the progeny of the former one, tryptophan up to a concentration of 25 mM stimulated remarkably clavine biosynthesis. Furthermore, tryptophan could overcome the block of synthesis by inorganic phosphate. Increased specific activities of chanoclavine cyclase but not DMAT synthetase were observed in cultures of strain Pepty 695/e supplemented with tryptophan. 5-Methyltryptophan and bioisosteres of tryptophan were ineffective in alkaloid stimulation. These results are compared with those obtained with the grass ergot strain SD 58 and discussed with the relation to other induction phenomena. PMID- 6523909 TI - [Irregular erythrocytic antibodies as an obstacle to transfusion]. PMID- 6523910 TI - [Clinical experience with depot neuroleptic treatment]. PMID- 6523911 TI - [Psychotherapy within the scope of basic ambulatory medical care]. PMID- 6523912 TI - [Periodontologic study of lead exposed and non-exposed workers]. PMID- 6523913 TI - [Occurrence of accidents in the home and leisure in construction workers of East Germany]. PMID- 6523914 TI - [Narrow lumbar spinal canal]. PMID- 6523915 TI - [Alcohol, drugs and traffic legislation]. PMID- 6523916 TI - [Reference for Menghini's liver biopsy in infants, small children and school children]. PMID- 6523917 TI - [Results of tomography with polycyclic obliteration in the diagnosis of nasopharyngeal tumors]. PMID- 6523918 TI - [Value of rectoscopy in basic ambulatory care--in the integration of general and special dispensary care]. PMID- 6523919 TI - [Fluorides--black tea--health]. PMID- 6523920 TI - [Recommendations on the evaluation and assessment of the electrocardiogram in adolescents and adults. Brief programmed course. 11. Partial program IV/1: Detection and exclusion of signs of ischemia]. PMID- 6523921 TI - [Forensically relevant negligent treatment with personal damage in the field of medicine]. PMID- 6523922 TI - [Effective intraluminal concentration of riboflavin and pyridoxine in various intestinal segments of the rat]. AB - The study was designed to determine the intraluminal concentration of riboflavin and pyridoxine in different gastrointestinal segments of rats as a function of time after intragastric application of the vitamins. A semi-liquid diet with 14C riboflavin and 3H-pyridoxine was delivered by tube. After a period of 30 minutes, 1, 2, 6, 12 or 24 hours, respectively, concentrations of the vitamins were determined by radio-chemical methods in stomach, duodenum, jejunum and ileum. In the duodenum highest concentration of riboflavin (10.4 nmol/l) was reached 2 hours, that of pyridoxine (5.5 nmol/l) 1.5 hours after intubation. In jejunum maximum concentration of both vitamins--4.1 nmol/l riboflavin and 3.0 nmol/l pyridoxine--was found 1.5 hours after tube feeding. As discussed for riboflavin, precise information about the physiologically relevant intraluminal concentration of micro-nutrients in the absorbing intestinal segments is essential, especially if transport mechanisms have to be elucidated. PMID- 6523923 TI - Fatty acid and lipid composition of children's food. I. Analytical methods; composition of commercially available supplementary foods for juniors. AB - Analytical methods and the results of the analysis of the lipids of commercially available canned supplementary foods for juniors are described. Lipids were extracted, separated into polar and non-polar fractions and the components (triglycerides, monoglycerides, free fatty acids, cholesterol ester, and phospholipids) were then identified and estimated, by comparison with reference substances and by gas chromatography. To determine the degree of unsaturation and positional distribution of the fatty acids, the triglycerides were hydrolyzed by pancreatic lipase to monoglycerides with the fatty acid in 2-position of glycerol, and the fatty acids and the monoglycerides were also separated by gas chromatography. Linoleic acid, 18.2 omega 6, was found as the predominant fatty acid in the 2-position of the triglycerides. The other fatty acids being distributed equally to all positions of glycerol with the exception of few minor fatty acids. Fat contributed to 31 to 48 percent of the total energy supply of the analyzed items; linoleic acid providing 0.4 to 2.4 percent of this energy assuming that one can of these products is consumed daily. PMID- 6523925 TI - [Ecochemical and ecotoxicologic criteria in the evaluation of environmental chemicals: data collection]. PMID- 6523924 TI - Effects of various oils and of starvation on the lipid metabolism in brain. AB - In this study the effects of the dietary fat sources, viz., Dalda, mustard oil and groundnut oil in the brain lipid metabolism during starvation has been investigated. To find out this, these oils were fed to albino rats for 8 weeks followed by 3 and 5 days of starvation. Total as well as galactolipids of brain were not affected by dietary oils and starvation, whereas phospholipids of brain were significantly increased by fasting irrespective of the dietary fats. On the other hand, cholesterol was found to be increased in the groups fed with Dalda and groundnut oil and to be significantly decreased during fasting experiments. Incorporation of (1-14C)acetate into lipid of the brain slices of rats fed different experimental diets than followed by starvation revealed that the uptake of radioactivity was higher in the group fed with groundnut oil, followed by Dalda. Low uptake was observed in the group fed with mustard oil. PMID- 6523926 TI - [Behavior of vanadium in the environment]. PMID- 6523927 TI - [Dynamics of nickel in the cell]. PMID- 6523928 TI - [Toxicologic significance of the interaction of foreign substances with glutathione and glutathione S-transferases]. PMID- 6523929 TI - [Trends in experimental teratology: behavioral teratology]. PMID- 6523930 TI - [Effect of continuous cadmium administration on cytochrome P-450-dependent enzyme activities of the liver and kidney of male rats]. PMID- 6523931 TI - [Kinetics of the herbicide dichlorprop and its leucine conjugate in rat serum and bile]. PMID- 6523932 TI - [Experience and results in the testing of the subacute aerosol inhalation toxicity of PSM AND MBP]. PMID- 6523933 TI - [Residual content of solvents of packing materials--analysis and recommendations for tolerance values]. PMID- 6523934 TI - The enzyme inhibitory form of inorganic arsenic. PMID- 6523935 TI - [Role of the sheltered workshop in rehabilitation]. PMID- 6523936 TI - [Accident statistics of falling accidents in nationally owned construction]. PMID- 6523937 TI - [Effect of postponement of work therapy on rehabilitation--demonstrated by results in arm fractures]. PMID- 6523938 TI - [Effect of simultaneous heat and noise stress on temporary shifting of the auditory threshold (TTS2)]. PMID- 6523939 TI - [Sulfate determination in airborne dust by the thorin method]. PMID- 6523940 TI - [Nucleolar activity of peripheral lymphocytes in school children staying at a health resort in a pure air region]. PMID- 6523941 TI - [Temperature increases in the classroom and student performance]. PMID- 6523942 TI - [Long-term study on the rhythmic behavior of mental performance]. PMID- 6523943 TI - [Regular anonymous patient interrogations in a large polyclinic--a guiding instrument for increasing the quality of care]. PMID- 6523944 TI - Intestinal disaccharidases activities in growing rats as influenced by raw legume diets. PMID- 6523945 TI - [Persistent infarct signs--obligate symptoms of heart wall aneurysm?]. AB - Out of 19 cases the ECG of which on an average during 6.1 years demonstrated persisting signs of an infarction at stage I in 13 cases a comparison between clinical and ECG findings X-ray kymography and scintigraphy of the ventricle was possible. In 7 cases a congruence of the results was found. With regard to the differing findings on account of the clinical treatment, the ECG and the ejection fraction the greater diagnostic valency must be ascribed to the Tc-scintigraphy. PMID- 6523946 TI - [Psychological and physical performance standards of borderline hypertensive patients before and during treatment with propranolol]. AB - On 47 borderline hypertensives discriminative reaction tests (17 test persons) and ergometries (30 test persons) were carried out. It could be proved that both in psychic and in physical demand by beta-blocker therapy heart rate and blood pressure significantly remained below the initial value. The calculation of the interior heart work resulted in an economization of the heart work. By means of the beta-blocker therapy of the borderline hypertensives a more favourable situation in an increased functional demand and a decreased reaction of the blood pressure on psychic stress was achieved. PMID- 6523947 TI - [Diagnostic and therapeutic aspects in the treatment of bee venom allergy]. AB - In 50 patients who had severe allergic general reactions after a bee sting clinical and immunological parameters were examined under the desensitisation with apitoxin. Under the introduction of the hospital treatment 25 patients showed side effects. 14 of these patients had milder general reactions also during the further continuation of the ambulatory treatment. In no case the treatment had to be stopped. The behaviour of the specific IgE and IgG antibodies does not allow a prognostic evidence concerning possible side effects and is little suited for the individual case also as objective parameter of success. 17 patients who during the first weeks after the beginning of the therapy spontaneously had been stung by a bee did not show any reactions or only reduced reactions. This result shows that the desensitization of desensitized patients gives a secure protection from life-threatening incidents. Open remains among others the problem of the objective judgment of the therapy and thus the question of the duration of the treatment. PMID- 6523948 TI - [Course studies in patients with cytologically inconspicuous, decreasingly accumulating struma nodes]. AB - In 100 patients with inconspicuous findings of a thin-needle puncture of the thyroid gland after 2 years a clinical and cytological after-examination was performed. All test persons were primarily recommended a treatment with thyroid hormone. During the control in no case references to malignant process of the thyroid gland were the result, so that the puncture cytology also retrospectively showed a high exactness. Meanwhile 16 test persons had been strumectomized, in which cases the present histological findings always showed only regressive changes. The clinical after-examination confirmed former results so that also in decreasingly and not accumulating struma nodes a conservative approach is not promising a success. In 12 patients by application of hormones of the thyroid gland the struma had completely receded. PMID- 6523949 TI - [Ulcus ventriculi healing time--anamnestic and psychosocial data]. AB - An age group of patients with endoscopically ascertained florid ventricular ulcer was asked with regard to the aspects own anamnesis and family anamnesis, social descent, social state, sparetime planning, alcohol consumption, nicotine consumption as well as use of analgesics. After the control of the course the patients were subdivided into such ones with healing of the ulcer within 12 weeks and such ones with retarded healing. As comparative groups served patients with duodenal ulcer and patients with functional gastropathy. As a result the family anamnesis does not bring any significant differences. Male patients with retardedly healing ventricular ulcer in 23% of the cases suffered from diabetes mellitus and/or hypertension, before the first appearance of the disease they more frequently performed a responsible activity and were more frequently on shift work team patients with a healing corresponding to time. Females with retarded healing of the ventricular ulcer have in a higher percentage family problems and significantly more frequently take analgesics than the comparative groups. A decreased adaptation of the patients with ventricular ulcer with retarded healing is discussed and they are compared with the patients with duodenal ulcer. PMID- 6523950 TI - [Significance of object loss on the course of psychosomatic diseases]. AB - Psychosomatic diseases are organic diseases in the pathogenesis of which a psychic factor has an important significance. They are no nosological unit. Psychotherapeutic experience with such patients causes us to search for the different measure of this psychic disturbance. The authors deal with the research on narcissism and object loss which has again been performed since 10 years. The psychosomatic patient has difficulties with overcoming discouraging events (object losses) which evoke a depressive reaction in him. Pathophysiological connections between the reactive depression and the organic lesion are discussed. The psychotherapy has a double task: actual influence on the depressive reaction as well as the aid of learning a more suitable form of explanation of the discouragement. PMID- 6523951 TI - [Necessity and difficulties of involvement of family members in the psychotherapy of psychosomatic patients]. AB - Based on the particular problems which appear in psychosomatic patients the aim of the psychotherapeutic treatment of these patients is described. By inpatient group psychotherapy, a personality development is started that subsequently has to be continued in the real life situation of the patients. It is demonstrated which difficulties are brought about by the continuation of this development during subsequent outpatient treatment and how these difficulties can be overcome more easily by involving members of the family. The physical recovery aimed at may thus be achieved by a better compensation of defects in the primary psychic development of the psychosomatic patients. PMID- 6523952 TI - [Method of delivery of premature infants--abdominal or vaginal?]. AB - In regard to the present perinatal mortality for prematures with cephalic presentation, a general cesarian section below certain limits in weight and gestation cannot be recommended. The management of prematurity must be individualized and depends on additional risk factors. In case of doubt, the abdominal delivery is to prefer especially in a patient with less than 32 weeks of gestation or an estimated fetal weight of 1500 g or less. At least a potential risk for the fetus by anaesthesia and surgery has also to be considered. Vaginal delivery is justifiable especially in patients with unruptured membranes, high pelvic score and expected rapid delivery and with no additional fetal or maternal risk factors. Special attention must be paid to a gentle delivery of the head. These statements are based on present data of fetal mortality and probably of the same significance for fetal morbidity, especially the development of intraventricular hemorrhage. PMID- 6523953 TI - [Significance and incidence of risk factors in pre- and dysmaturity]. AB - Anamnestic and clinical data of 10 654 deliveries were related to premature and dysmature pregnancies. The aim of the study was to get a correlation between special data on the one hand and pre- and dysmaturity on the other hand. The risk of dysmaturity is the highest in gravidae with a gestosisscore of more than 4. The risk of prematurity is the highest in gravidae with bleedings during pregnancy. The most frequent symptom in prematurity was a high cervix-score. It occurred in the prematurity collective in 40.7%. In the dysmaturity collective occurred the abuse of nicotine in 32.9%. Some symptoms have a high prognostic value for a pathological pregnancy, but it was impossible to develop a high risk score following these data. An high specificity was connected with a low sensitivity and vice versa. PMID- 6523954 TI - [Early and late morbidity of underweight (LBW) newborn infants following breech presentation in relation to the mode of delivery]. AB - The influence of type of delivery on neonatal mortality, frequency of disturbances in adaptation to extrauterine life, and incidence of deviations in psychomotoric development was examined retrospectively in 126 low birthweight infants born in breech presentation. 65 infants were born by cesarean section, 61 by vaginal delivery. The control group involves 270 low birthweight infants born spontaneously in vertex presentation. In the weight categories of 1500 to 2500 g neonatal mortality, frequency of pathologic Apgar-scores, acidosis morbidity, incidence of severe respiratory distress, and percentage of psychomotoric handicaps were found to be lower in infants born by cesarean section compared to vaginally born newborns. However, only some of the differences between both groups were statistically significant. In newborn infants weighing less than 1500 g at birth an improved outcome after abdominal delivery could not be demonstrated. PMID- 6523955 TI - [Behavior of the fibronectin content of the amniotic fluid]. AB - Concentration of fibronectin in amniotic fluid was compared in early pregnancy and after 35th week of gestation. Content of amniotic fluid fibronectin between 15th and 20th week was significantly higher than after 35th week. Fibronectin level was higher in amniotic fluid of female fetuses (15th-20th week) whereas concentration of protein in amniotic fluid of cases with chromosomal anomalies was declined (15th-21st week demonstrable. PMID- 6523956 TI - [Porphyria cutanea tarda and chronic lymphatic leukemia]. AB - We report on a case of porphyria cutanea tarda going with CLL. A review on 21 similar cases in literature warrants our assumption that in our case, too, porphyria cutanea tarda has been triggered by CLL. PMID- 6523957 TI - [Pentoxifylline--an andrologic drug?]. AB - In order to estimate the therapeutic use of pentoxifylline respecting idiopathic oligozoospermia, we undertook biostatistical evaluation of two open studies of different outcome. However, such a procedure turned out to be impossible, because the patients' reactions could not be classified enough under consideration of history, age, hormonal background, and spermiogram. Thus the question of indication for treatment with pentoxifylline in cases of disturbed fertility has to remain still unanswered. PMID- 6523958 TI - [Circumscribed osteoatrophy of the skull--a late symptom in bruxism]. AB - We present a case showing circumscribed osteoatrophy of the tabula externa and diploe of the skull following bruxism as a late symptom, which was induced by marked hypertrophy of the temporal muscle going with myogenic lockjaw. PMID- 6523959 TI - [Azathioprine and its side effects]. AB - The clinical signs and symptoms of a patient induced us to consider critically the so far known side effects of azathioprine. The literature concerning 643 patients treated with azathioprine reports on reactions as changes in blood count, gastro-intestinal complaints, intrahepatic cholestasis, acute pancreatitis, and leukemia. Irreversible side effects occurred in four cases. PMID- 6523960 TI - [Anti-inflammatory effect and tachyphylaxis of systemic and combined systemic topical treatment with corticosteroids in the pyrexal erythema test]. AB - On account of clinical experience as well as experimental findings, we noticed subsiding anti-inflammatory and antiproliferative effects of topical corticosteroids after regularly repeated application. Following four-day's oral therapy with methylprednisolone 40 mg daily, the pyrexal erythema test did not reveal any decrease of anti-inflammatory effect in six volunteers. The efficacy of this therapy was similar to that of occlusive topical therapy with 0.25% desoxymethasone ointment. The anti-inflammatory effect of systemic steroid treatment could even be slightly increased by additional topical steroid therapy. PMID- 6523961 TI - [1st results of functional RES scintigraphy with 99mTc-labeled human serum albumin millimicrospheres in progressive scleroderma: possibility of early diagnosis of lung involvement?]. AB - Functional RES scintigraphy with 99mTc-labeled human serum albumin millimicrospheres (99mTc-HSA-MM) was conducted in 11 female patients suffering from progressive scleroderma. The RES scan revealed abnormalities in the bone marrow in eight patients as well as pathological changes of the liver in 2 cases. 7 patients showed diffusely enhanced concentrations of 99mTc-HSA-MM in the lung, whereas X-ray picture and pulmonary function test revealed pathological findings in only 4 patients, respectively. Humoral inflammatory and immunologic parameters, too, indicated abnormalities less frequently than the lung scan. Thus functional RES scintigraphy seems to be a very sensitive approach to the assessment and possibly to the early diagnosis of lung involvement in progressive scleroderma. PMID- 6523962 TI - [Possibilities of standardized qualitative content analysis]. AB - This paper aims to develop further content analysis with reference to recent models of communication (pragmalinguistics, conversational analysis, and theory of texts). The central thesis is that any content analysis of linguistic symbols must include the conditions of their realization in the spoken discourse. Accordingly, the concepts for analyzing discourse are introduced which serve as the basis for the critique of traditional content analysis in psychotherapeutic research and indicate future perspectives. The first part presents concepts for analyzing spoken language: a model of the formal organization of speech, speech act theory, and a model for analyzing macrostructures in texts. In the second part the discoveries and problems of content analysis are discussed and evaluated with reference to these concepts. PMID- 6523963 TI - [Individually oriented progress research: detection and evaluation of therapeutic effect based on individual treatment goals. 1: Is there, in research on results, a space for individually oriented procedures?]. AB - Starting with the thesis that targets and addressees of outcome research stipulate the selection of the appropriate methods and criteria, the necessity to include individually oriented techniques in the evaluation of therapeutic outcomes is pointed out. Such a method is introduced and its "rationale" is discussed, so that the conditions of its application will become clear. In the second part, questions concerning the practice with this method will be discussed. PMID- 6523964 TI - [Wilhelm Reich--Arthur Janov--a comparison of their work]. AB - Although he does not always mention it, A. Janov agrees with many of W. Reich's opinions on theoretical-philosophical foundations and the theory of neurosis and other illnesses; from their criticism of society both of them develop the demand for prophylaxis of neurosis as a prerequisit for their common utopia of a selfregulated society. Primal therapy and Orgon therapy are two different forms of the "New Body Therapies" group. The authors disagree with their views of the physiological nature of Pain (A. Janov) and blokked orgon, the "function of the orgasm" and "orgastic potency", concepts that were considered by Reich to be his most important. Possible reasons for the discrepancies are given. PMID- 6523966 TI - [Cluster analysis of alcoholic patients based on personality variables, social insecurity and control orientation]. AB - 200 alcoholics from 6 clinics with different therapeutic orientations were tested with the Freiburg Personality Inventory (Fahrenberg et al. 1978), an assertiveness-inventory (Ullrich u. Ullrich 1977), and a translated version of the Levenson (1973)-Locus of Control. On the base of a hierarchical-agglomerative cluster analysis four types of patients were suggested: 1) An aggressive depressive, 2) a depressive-social anxious external controlled, 3) an assertive, 4) and a high stable alcoholic with well-balanced mood and internal control. The highest changes of generalized variance in a stepwise discriminant analysis were found on depression, misfortune-anxiety, impulsivity and control by powerful others. The reclassification rate was 85.5%. Out of 24 biographical data no one differed between the groups. The hypotheses of a population variation over different clinics was not supported. Differential therapeutic indications for the groups were discussed. PMID- 6523965 TI - [Comparative research on manic conditions between monopolar mania and manic depressive disease]. AB - Comparing manic states in three purely manic patients on the one hand and in three manic-depressive ones on the other, the authors conclude that the phenomenological differences between the two diseases are based on different premorbid personality structures, to be more precise: on different attitudes towards their fellow human beings. And this difference is examined with respect to the question how the en-ryo between two people works. PMID- 6523967 TI - [Normal ranges of the regional movement of the left ventricular wall in 2 dimensional echocardiography]. AB - Two-dimensional echocardiographic (2D-Echo) studies were performed in 51 healthy subjects to set up normal ranges of regional left ventricular (LV) wall motion for three different standard planes: the short axis (SA), recorded at a level between the mitral valve and the papillary muscles, the apical two-chamber view (2 CV) and the apical four-chamber view (4 CV). Wall motion analysis was performed using a fixed (Fix) as well as a floating reference system (Float). For regional wall motion, calculated by segmental area shortening, tolerance limits were estimated by using two well established statistical methods. The lowest coefficient of variation (V) was found for the SA (VFix = 0.18; VFloat = 0.11). The apical planes showed higher variations (2 CV: VFix = 0.20, VFloat = 0.20; 4 CV: VFix = 0.26, VFloat = 0.19). Defining the normal LV contraction ranges, a comparison of the reference systems showed advantages of the floating procedures, mainly in the SA and in the 4 CV. The obtained normal contraction ranges can be used for the evaluation of regional LV contraction abnormalities after acute myocardial infarction (AMI) if the 2D-Echo images are of excellent quality. We suggest an "index of dyssynergy" as a measure of wall motion abnormality. PMID- 6523969 TI - [An optimized contrast echocardiographic method for the detection and quantification of tricuspid valve insufficiency]. AB - In 47 patients the incidence and extent of tricuspid insufficiency (TI) was determined by two different contrast echocardiographic methods. In 18 patients severe mitral stenosis, in 7 patients combined mitral valve disease and in 6 patients severe mitral insufficiency were diagnosed by cardiac catheterisation. 3 patients had mitral and aortic insufficiency, one patient severe aortic stenosis and 2 patients aortic insufficiency. In 9 patients the study was performed after mitral valve replacement, in 1 patient after aortic valve replacement. 1 patient had no valvular heart disease. All patients underwent right heart catheterisation and biplane cineventriculography of the right ventricle within two days of echocardiography. Method A: Echocardiography of the inferior vena cava. Method B: Direct contrast echocardiography of the tricuspid valve in the short parasternal plane. Compared with the hemodynamic study, sensitivity of method A was 62% and specificity 89% in detection of TI. Both the sensitivity and specificity of method B were 100%. A TI grade I was diagnosed in 6 of 10 patients with method A and in 9 of 10 patients with method B, a TI grade II in 8 of 9 patients with method A and in 10 with method B. A severe TI (III) was diagnosed in only 4 of 7 patients with method A and in all 7 patients with method B. The results suggest that direct contrast echocardiography of the tricuspid valve in patients with rheumatic valve disease is a highly sensitive and specific method in detection and quantification of TI in comparison to the vena cava method. PMID- 6523968 TI - [Echocardiographic follow-up in latent cardiomyopathy]. AB - Follow-up studies of left ventricular dimensions and function in latent cardiomyopathy (LCM) (as defined by abnormal left ventricular function during exercise in otherwise "normal" heart) have not yet been published. 36 patients with normal left ventricular data at rest (echocardiography, left ventricular angiography, coronary angiography, pulmonary artery pressure), but at least one pathologic function parameter during exercise, were studied prospectively by clinical means and by one- and two-dimensional echocardiography (mean follow-up 3.3 +/- 1.3 years). No patients died. The mean clinical class remained unchanged. The echocardiogram did not reveal an increase of left ventricular end-diastolic dimensions in any case. On average the end-systolic diameter of the left ventricle and shortening fraction in the M-mode echocardiogram did not change either. However, in 5 out of 9 patients with left bundle branch block the 2D echocardiogram showed the development of a slight reduction of left ventricular contractions (without an increase in the end-diastolic dimensions). This was not to be observed in any patient without LBBB. Another finding was that the dimensions of the left atrium of LCM patients exceeded those of a group of normal subjects (p less than 0.02) with a further increase in the course of the disease (p less than 0.001). Thus, regarding the follow-up of patients with LCM without LBBB, there is no indication of any increase in the size of the left ventricle or reduction of its contractions at rest (mean follow-up 3.3 years). However, our results seem to underline the suspicion of a deterioration in left ventricular function of patients with LBBB. PMID- 6523970 TI - [Changes in contractility parameters, coronary flow and myocardial oxygen consumption following intravenous diltiazem in patients with coronary heart disease]. AB - In 11 patients (9 men, 2 women) with angiographically confirmed coronary heart disease, hemodynamics, myocardial blood flow, oxygen consumption and lactate extraction were measured at rest before and after administration of 0.3 mg diltiazem per kg body weight. There was a prompt and sustained drop in mean systolic arterial pressure from 141 mm Hg to 127 mm Hg along with a reduction in total peripheral resistance. The filling pressure of the left ventricle remained constant following a post-injection rise lasting up to 5 minutes. A marked sustained drop in heart rate from 82/min to 73/min was registered. Concomitantly, stroke volume index rose from 39 to 49 ml/m2. Due to the decrease in load and frequency, contractility parameters dP/dt and dP/dt/P dropped slightly. Myocardial blood flow did not change. On the other hand, a decrease in the difference between arterial and coronary venous oxygen content indicated a coronary dilatory effect. Fifteen minutes after injection, myocardial oxygen consumption had dropped from 11.6 to 10 ml O2/min and 100 g of tissue. There was no substantial change in lactate extraction. Through a drop in peripheral arterial resistance and heart rate, diltiazem leads to a measurable decrease in myocardial oxygen consumption while the patient is still at rest. At the same time, there are indications of a coronary dilatory effect. PMID- 6523971 TI - [NMR tomography in cardiology. I. Anatomy of the healthy heart]. AB - The normal anatomy of the heart and the neighboring large vessels of a healthy volunteer is depicted in ECG-triggered NMR tomograms. The tomograms were recorded with a slice thickness of 10 mm without gap in transversal, sagittal and coronal orientation. They show a variety of anatomical and morphological details which cannot be obtained by means of other noninvasive imaging modalities. PMID- 6523972 TI - [Value of inpatient rehabilitation measures following myocardial infarct]. AB - The primary goal of rehabilitation is to slow down the progression of coronary heart disease via secondary preventive efforts and to reduce the negative social and psychosomatic sequelae of a myocardial infarction to the unavoidable minimum. Cardiac rehabilitation has developed into an active strategy of secondary prevention, based on sufficient diagnostic evaluation, aiming at the modification of risks factors and including the entire psychosocial field into the long-term therapeutic concept. After myocardial infarction the patient carries, in comparison to the normal population, approximately a tenfold risk to die suddenly or to suffer another myocardial infarction. Following a first infarction, risk factors such as smoking, hypercholesterolemia and hypertension are of increased epidemiologic importance. A lower social class will in itself lead to an increase of the incidence of reinfarction and to a decrease in life expectancy. One of the central goals therefore is to convey the importance of a health-oriented behavior pattern, which is achieved in single and group-therapy sessions as well as with the help of physiotherapy. Controlled physical exercise, however, does not only serve as an educational vehicle, but also has direct effects on cardiovascular physiology, leading to a decrease in heart rate and blood pressure for a given work load and thus to an increase of the angina pectoris threshold. Moreover, controlled physical exercise has a substantial antidepressive effect in the critical phase following acute myocardial infarction, and will lead to increased self-confidence.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6523973 TI - [Enzymatic and scintigraphic determined infarct size: significance for left ventricular function following infarct]. AB - In a prospective study, the relationship between extent and location of myocardial infarction and the resulting left ventricular dysfunction was assessed and the question asked, how well these parameters may be assessed non-invasively a few weeks after the acute event. One hundred and fifty survivors of a first myocardial infarction were studied in the acute stage by serial ECG and CPK recordings and 5 weeks later by thallium201-(Tl)-scintigraphy and radionuclide angiocardiography. Myocardial damage was assessed enzymatically (maximal CPK; CPKmax) in the acute phase and scintigraphically in the subacute phase using a Tl score considering extent (in percent of total myocardium in each projection) and severity (decrease in thallium-uptake) of scintigraphic infarct defects. There were significant correlations between Tl-score and max. CPK (r = .69) as well as between Tl-score and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) (r = .65; p less than .001 each), but this correlation was better for subgroups with anterior vs. inferior infarctions (r = -.68 vs. r = -.59; p less than or equal to .001 for each). Furthermore, LVEF could be predicted based on the Tl-score: 88% of patients with values less than 7 had an LVEF of greater than 45%, whereas 77% of patients with a thallium-score of more than 12 had an LVEF less than 45%. Reproducibility of the Tl-score assessed in 30 patients over 3 months was excellent (r = .96) with low variability between the two analyses (+/- 1.5). Thus, after a first myocardial infarction, a direct relationship between enzymatically and scintigraphically, assessed infarct size and LVEF could be demonstrated.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6523974 TI - [Changes in sympathetic activity in 18 postinfarct patients following a year of exercise therapy]. AB - 18 male post-infarction patients (56 +/- 9 years) were investigated before and after 1 year of controlled physical therapy. Results were compared with those observed in 7 healthy male control subjects (47 +/- 6 years). Left-ventricular impairment of the investigated patients corresponded haemodynamically to stages I and II of the Roskamm-Reindell classification, based on a Swan-Ganz catheter. The influence of physical therapy on plasma catecholamine levels was evaluated; free plasma catecholamines are seen as reference indicators of sympathetic activity. Cycling performance capacity (supine position) of the patients increased from 101 +/- 25 watt to 131 +/- 24 watt. Before and after physical therapy, maximal heart rate responses were similar (121 +/- 17 as compared with 119 +/- 16 min-1). After physical therapy, maximal noradrenaline responses were 16% lower, adrenaline responses down by 25%, and mean arterial blood pressure was 14 mm Hg lower. At identical work-load (50 watt level), reductions after physical therapy amounted to 25% (noradrenaline), 41% (adrenaline), 16% (heart rate), and 21 mm Hg (mean arterial blood pressure). PMID- 6523975 TI - [Progression of coronary sclerosis. Studies in 19 patients over a 6-year period using quantitative coronary angiography]. AB - The characteristics of progressive coronary artery disease as judged from sequential angiography were quantitatively analysed in 19 patients with stable angina in whom coronary angiograms were repeated after 64-104 months (average 76.5 months). The diameters of at most 15 corresponding segments were measured with a vernier caliper (accuracy: 0.05 mm) at identical sites and in the same projections. Considering the error in measurement (less than 10%) and spontaneous changes in smooth muscle tone only a diameter decrease of greater than 20% and/or every transition to an occlusion were recorded as progression. The progression over a 6-year interval was predominately characterized by: A large amount of total occlusions (61% of all progressive stenoses), relatively independent of the initial degree of stenosis. A large amount of newly developed obstructions which are more severe in coronary arteries already segmentally diseased at the onset, indicating a diffuse intramural disease of the entire vessel. A different pattern of progression in the 3 main coronary arteries. No influence of risk factors on natural history. PMID- 6523976 TI - [Effect of chronic pressure and volume stress on the function of the right ventricle]. AB - Biplane right ventricular angiography was performed in 36 patients with chronic pressure overload of the right ventricle; 12 patients additionally had tricuspid insufficiency (TI). There were 4 subgroups: patients with systolic pulmonary artery pressure less than or equal to 40 mm Hg without (group I, n = 10) and with TI (group II, n = 6), as well as patients with systolic pulmonary artery pressure greater than 40 mm Hg without (group III, n = 14) and with TI (group IV, n = 6). Compared with the normal volumes of groups I and III, a significant increase in end-diastolic right ventricular volumes (p less than 0.01) was found in groups II and IV with 112.2 +/- 22.3 ml/m2 and 116.3 +/- 27.4 ml/m2, respectively. In both groups II and IV end-systolic volumes were also significantly increased, with 51.0 +/- 10.3 ml/m2 in group II and 49.7 +/- 11.3 ml/m2 in group IV. Right ventricular ejection fraction was 53.8 +/- 11.9% in group II, 57.3 +/- 8.5% in group III and 57.8 +/- 7.3% in group IV. There was no significant difference between the ejection fraction of these groups in comparison to the normal ejection fraction of group I with 63.4 +/- 10.9%. The results suggest that the right ventricle can compensate for moderate chronic pressure and volume overload using the Frank-Starling mechanism. Overall right ventricular dysfunction is not determined primarily by the loading conditions alone. Local myocardial and septal involvement is suspected to be an important determinant of right ventricular function. PMID- 6523977 TI - [Effects of the new cardiotonic agent TA-064: serial computer-assisted analyses of pressure-volume relations and online myocardial 02 consumption]. AB - According to investigations conducted in Japan, TA-064 is a new cardiotonic agent, which is also effective orally. We analyzed computer-assisted alterations of pressure-volume relations serially and of MVO2 online (Bretschneider) during TA-064 influence in 16 patients with congestive cardiomyopathy: LV-function of 7 patients was only moderately decreased (group A) and in 9 patients massively (group B). RESULTS: 1) TA-064, 8 micrograms/kg/min, i.v. had positive inotropic effects in both groups and induced mean maximal delta% changes at about the 5th minute of infusion as follows: LVSWI + 65% and 47%; DP/DTmax + 61% and 59%; LV efficiency + 62% and 53%; MVO2 + 31% and + 11% (p less than 0.05). 2) TA-064, 20 mg p.o. induced serum levels (A: 23.8 +/- 12 and B: 26.4 +/- 20 ng/ml) corresponding to the effects with the dosages 1-2 micrograms/kg/min, i.v. (p greater than 0.05), thus implying that significant changes in LV-function require higher p.o. dosages. 3) TA-064 i.v. on the 6th day of exposure to the medication produced less LV-function improvement than on day 1 (p greater than 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: In both groups A and B TA-064 improves LV-function primarily via increased contractility, without toxic side effects. For a more complex definition of the efficiency and mechanism of cardiotonic agents, the validity and importance of using on-line MVO2 assessment and analysis of serial pressure volume relations is stressed. PMID- 6523979 TI - [Drug treatment of the elderly]. AB - Having found inadequacies in the drug treatment of the elderly, a committee of the Royal College of Physicians of London (RCP) has worked out a set of recommendations which is intended to help to improve the situation. PMID- 6523978 TI - [Slow flow in the coronary system and ST elevation in the ECG in left atrium catheterization]. AB - A complication of transseptal left atrial catheterization is a transient ST elevation in the ECG with unknown cause. In this case simultaneous angiography showed a so-called "slow flow" of dye dilution in the coronary artery. A coronary spasm or an embolic occlusion of the coronary artery could be excluded. The reason for this phenomenon might be a reflex increase of the arteriolar resistance with transient ischemia. PMID- 6523980 TI - [Pharmacokinetics of naftidrofuryl in multimorbidity in geriatric patients]. AB - The present pharmacokinetic study of a drug used in geriatric patients with multiple diseases reveals that the half-life in the elderly was extended for about three times as long as in the corresponding control group. There are significant positive as well as negative correlations between the kinetic data and routine parameters of the metabolism. These statistical correlations should be controlled by experimental studies. PMID- 6523981 TI - [Furosemide--pharmacokinetics in geriatric patients with multimorbidity]. AB - 20 geriatric patients with multiple diseases were administered a single intravenous dose of 40 mg furosemide. Furosemide plasma and urine concentrations were measured using a thin-layer chromatography method (25) and were fitted to an open 2-compartment model. Furosemide half-life was prolonged twofold in the elderly patients compared with a control group of younger adults. In the same way renal clearance and total clearance were markedly reduced in the geriatric group. The nonrenal clearance and the volume of distribution (beta) were not significantly altered. There were many significant correlations between clinical and biochemical data and pharmacokinetic parameters, especially between blood pressure and the area under the curve (AUC 0-infinity), total clearance and nonrenal clearance of furosemide. Our data suggest a special function of alpha-2 globulins in binding of furosemide. Renal function (i.e. creatinine clearance) was shown to be an important parameter for estimating the elimination rate of furosemide. PMID- 6523983 TI - [Ecologic validity of gerontopsychologic memory research]. AB - Developmental memory research has to consider the role of the recall-material in the context of the learner's life situation. This is a prerequisite for ecological validity. An indicator of such age-specific and achievement relevant context differences is suggested to be the degree of "affection" and "surprise" induced by the particular learning event. The importance of both variables becomes obvious in a study by Brown and Kulick (1977) on long-term memory for context-information of realworld events: recall is proven to be dependent upon the interaction of the experienced "affection" and "surprise". In their study the authors do not control the variable "surprise" explicitly. Their hypothesis of interaction therefore remained unproved. This interaction is empirically studied here. At the same time the hypothesis that recall is dependent on the emotional value of the event is also examined. Two groups participated in the study, 65 students of psychology, age 20 to 42, and 60 seniors, age 60 to 84. The recall of context-information associated with the events of the private and public world, the scores of the experienced degree of affection and surprise, as well as the emotional evaluation of the particular event were measured. The results confirm the hypothesis of interaction: The factor "surprise" has a significant effect only under conditions of high scored "'affection". The main effect of the factor "affection" is significant, whereas no effect for emotional evaluation was discovered. PMID- 6523982 TI - [Toxic drug effects of antiparkinson therapy and their preventability]. AB - Parkinson's disease is an illness occurring in the third stage of life. At times, the patient suffers from arteriosclerosis as well. Reconstruction processes caused by aging are under way in the brain, which affect, among others, the synapses and transmitter substances. The biotransformation of medication may be changed in elderly persons. The tendency to multimorbidity leads to consumption of several drugs at the same time, possibly causing interference symptoms. Changes in transmitter balance and receptor excitability are, however, the main causes of the toxic side-effects of anti Parkinson therapy. The greater the nigrostriatal degeneration, the lower the tolerance level. Recently, in addition to basic therapy consisting of reduced doses of combined dopa preparations and/or Amantadine sulphate, dopaminergic agonists are used, which act on the receptors which have been maintained. This prevents some side-effects and stabilizes the patient's unpleasant daily fluctuations. Reducing the dosage prevents dyskinesia. pharmacotoxic psychoses require neuroleptics of the Thiaxanthen group or change over to i.v. Amantadine sulphate infusions or Lisuride i.v. PMID- 6523984 TI - [Theoretical and empirical studies on the structure of self concepts of the elderly]. AB - It has been demonstrated that theoretical and empirical investigations on the structure of self-concepts open possibilities for the differential description of self-concepts. Centrality, a characteristic of structure, is the focus of this investigation and is defined via correlations: centrality is characterized by the degree of association (determined by intercorrelations) of one of the self concepts with each of the other self-concepts. Correlational studies on 10 differentiated self-concepts, determined by the Frankfurt Self-Concept Scales FSKN, have been drawn on the analysis of the structure of self-concepts. Data of 141 elderly people (56 to 95 years old) have been compared with the results for different status groups: 100 students, 70 trainees, 202 adults. The results have supplied the following hypotheses: The 10 differentiated self-concepts are significantly intercorrelated. Several differentiated self-concepts show a different centrality in the self-structure. Self-concepts in the region of performance and self-esteem also have a central position in elderly people's self structure. However, the aspect of performance which is represented by the self concept of certainty on behaviour and decision seems to be less central for elderly people than for younger subjects. According to the data the self-concept of autonomy in respect to significant others is distinguished by special centrality among the differentiated psychosocial self-concepts of both elderly persons and students. PMID- 6523985 TI - [Increasing life expectancy--interdisciplinary aspects]. PMID- 6523986 TI - [Aspects of demographic development in West Germany]. AB - This report starts by giving some information on the aim and purpose of model computations of the population development and shows some fundamental tendencies of this development. In the author's view it is not only the numerical population decline but especially the changes in age structure and ethnical composition, in household and family structures as well as the changing patterns of regional distribution and development of population that must be considered. All these different aspects are discussed in the light of the total development and, using the three-generations' contract as an example, are analysed with regard to the consequences for policy and planning. The author doubts that either simple solutions or a mere strategy of adaptation could help managing the problems to come. He emphasizes that counter measures should be taken including as one of the main subjects a demographic orientated family-policy which also takes into account the necessary solidarity among generations ("generationensolidarische Familienpolitik"). PMID- 6523988 TI - [Qualification of elderly workers in industry--problems and opportunities]. AB - The aim of the research project was to find out the conditions of a successful occupational qualification of older workers in the Federal Republic of Germany. The more recent results of psychological research concerning the learning capacities of older people suppose that older workers can also be qualified successfully with regard to the requirements of their job. However, the project results reveal that certain basic conditions should be fulfilled for the qualification of older workers. Training measures should take place during work time; the fact has to be respected that older workers need more time to learn than younger workers; the learning material should be divided into short, separated units; older workers should not be obliged to do home-work; the creation of learning groups among the older workers should refer to different degrees of qualification, not to the age of the workers. PMID- 6523987 TI - [Increasing life expectancy--effects on the care of the aged?]. AB - This contribution represents data from two population projections which--in contrast to other studies and official documents--do not maintain mortality at a constant level, but shows some consequences of mortality trends until the year 2000. PMID- 6523989 TI - [Attitude to aging. Survey of elderly employees of a large industry]. AB - Gerontological research in business enterprises is still rudimentary. Surveys among company staffs covering the problems of senior employees and staff are conducted rarely and published even more rarely. As the companies are not released from responsibility towards their previous staff even after retirement/pension has been reached, the author points out the need for further studies and surveys. Below, a number of results from a survey covering "getting older in employment" in particular are discussed in detail. PMID- 6523990 TI - [Environmental factors in sociologic theories of aging: an empirical test of the environmental theory of aging by J. F. Gubrium]. AB - The limited explanatory potential of established sociological theories of aging has led to a more thorough examination of ecological approaches by social gerontologists in the last years. In this article, J. F. Gubrium's environmental theory of aging is explicated and tested as a typical representative of the ecological approach. Two independent test strategies result in a rejection of the theory by the data. Some reflections about the importance of environmental factors in social gerontological theories follow. PMID- 6523991 TI - [The elderly in traffic--future aspects]. AB - In 1976 and 1982 two surveys about traffic and public transportation in the Federal Republic of Germany were undertaken. Four aspects which are meaningful for gerontological research are presented, i.e. possession of a driving license, ownership of a car, availability of a car in the own household and preferred transportation. The data are given for different age groups. These four aspects can be regarded as indicators for motor mobility. Far more people in younger age groups are in possession of a driving license than in older age groups. The same can be shown for the ownership and availability of a car. Compared with the 1976 data only few elderly people in 1982 had stopped using a car. So we can expect that German elderly people of the future will possess a driving license and drive a car in far greater numbers than elderly people today. The better possibilities of motor mobility will have consequences about traffic planning and psychological research about accidents, services for the elderly, and intergenerational relations. PMID- 6523992 TI - [Survival in advanced age--a comparison of short- and long-lived probands of the Bonn gerontologic longitudinal study]. AB - A comparison between rather short-lived (n = 60) and rather long-lived (n = 88) participants of the initial sample of the Bonn longitudinal study on aging (BOLSA) yielded evidence - with regard to differences in the central tendencies of these two groups - for a variety of determinants of longevity in old age. The statistical analyses included eight constructs or clusters of variables, respectively, that were either empirically or theoretically based and were supposed to have predictive power (intelligence, health status, satisfaction, personality, family involvement, socioeconomic/ecological aspects, coping techniques/dominant themes of life, general social participation). Within each "cluster", it could be referred to several different aspects. Besides defining general characteristics of longevious people, the purpose of the study was to look for differentiating aspects. Thus, a host of evidence was yielded for gender and cohort-linked differences in the structure and relevance of the included central clusters with regard to "prediction" of advanced longevity in old age. PMID- 6523993 TI - [The stroke patient and his family]. AB - The study deals with an investigation of families who have to cope with the stroke of an older family member. The psychological reactions of the patient and the caregiver, related to the chronic disease and home care, are analyzed and a response hierarchy is delineated, as well. Moreover the burden, the patients and primary caregivers report, are given. Additionally, the most important dimensions of the "cognitive representation" the patient holds of his situation are investigated. PMID- 6523994 TI - [Status of day care treatment of elderly psychiatric patients in West Germany and West Berlin]. AB - The possibilities as well as the limits of day-hospital treatment for elderly mentally ill patients are described, using as a basis a general survey on the situation of psychiatric day-hospitals in the Federal Republic of Germany and West Berlin. As of July 1, 1982, there were at least seven day-hospitals specializing in psychogeriatric patients, whereas a further eight institutions admitted elderly mentally ill patients as well as the usual patients. For all these day-hospitals a review of the current status is given regarding funds, size of program, integration into the existing network of psychiatric services, referral sources, the individual programs perceived mission, clientele, exclusionary criteria, duration of stay, therapeutic activities and staffing. Finally problems such as indication, clientele and delimitation of other ways of treatment are discussed. Questions are asked with regard to the purpose and the necessity of specialized psycho-geriatric partial hospitalization programs. PMID- 6523995 TI - [Gerontopsychiatry in Heidelberg: documentation]. AB - This paper is going to investigate 108 gero-psychiatric patients with average-age of 69 +/- 10 years with overwhelming of 70- to 79-year-old persons during one annual. Data of biographic, social and disease factors and diagnostic and therapeutic methods are presented. Diagnostic main-groups are dementias and affective syndromes. At the same time existing internal disorders have a particular importance. The therapeutic concept is composed of group-methods by the side of medical and physical measures. Geropsychiatry is not dependent on "pressure of success". Nevertheless late transfer, previous history for a long time, and old age diminish possibility to improve the mental disorders. PMID- 6523996 TI - [Terminal decline--a problematic construct? A study of persons in their 80's and 90's]. AB - Within the research of intellectual functioning in aged people the hypothesis of terminal decline is quite common. This paper is stressing the question of the global validity of terminal decline. It will be shown that terminal decline has to be discussed within the frame work of changes in the processes of aging. PMID- 6523997 TI - [Diagnostic effectiveness of the determination of bilirubin and urobilinogen in urine]. PMID- 6523998 TI - [Artificial deficient plasma for the determination of the activity of coagulation factor XI]. PMID- 6524000 TI - [Method for the determination of HDL cholesterol]. PMID- 6524001 TI - [Absolute calibration of the Coulter procedure for the determination of mean erythrocyte volume in changed milieu conditions]. PMID- 6523999 TI - [Development of a new cuvette for bio- and chemoluminescence measurements]. PMID- 6524002 TI - [Adjustment of density and concentration of sheep erythrocyte suspensions for complement binding reactions]. PMID- 6524003 TI - [Attachment for digital measurement value registration and derivative spectral recording for analog registering spectral photometers]. PMID- 6524004 TI - [Centrifugation chamber for careful concentration of cells or microorganisms]. PMID- 6524005 TI - [Rough endoplasmic reticulum in endothelial cells of large blood vessels]. PMID- 6524006 TI - [Histochemical enzyme studies of the effect of various organophosphates on the activity of nonspecific esterases in the kidney and parotid gland of rats]. PMID- 6524007 TI - [Ultrastructural findings in the stellate ganglion following sudden death]. PMID- 6524008 TI - Ultrastructure of the sensory epithelium in the chemoreceptor-areas of the tentacle of Onchidella celtica Cuv. (Pulmonata, Onchidiacea). PMID- 6524009 TI - Stereologic studies on testosterone and thyroxine effects on adrenal cortex of thyroparathyroidectomized rats. PMID- 6524010 TI - Stereologic studies on estradiol and thyroxine effects on adrenal cortex of thyroparathyroidectomized rats. PMID- 6524011 TI - Structural changes of placenta following maternal administration of acetaldehyde in rat. PMID- 6524012 TI - Ultrastructural study of the entero-endocrine cells of the sheep. PMID- 6524013 TI - The possibilities of using the scanning electron microscope for the study of sensory corpuscles. PMID- 6524014 TI - Histological and histochemical studies on the development of Brunner's glands in the Egyptian water buffalo fetus. PMID- 6524015 TI - Histochemical study of caudal neurosecretory system of a fresh water cyprinoid teleost, Oxygaster bucaila (Ham.). PMID- 6524016 TI - [The formation of lymph]. AB - Fundamental physical properties of lymph formation are described in connection with the permeability of the terminal vascular system (Ludwig Stahling's hypothesis). In view of the current image of this system, as far as it is derived from the isogravimetric model, this can no longer be considered generally valid. Above all the recent vital microscopic studies clearly show that the venous system is of special importance for lymph formation as it possesses special permeability properties and is enclosed by a system of paravascular interstices. They form a protein pool in the tissue releasing a colloid-osmotic energy for the lymph motion. The lymph is drained away by means of "low resistance pathway" correlated with the elastic fiber system and by slow resistance pathways filled with ground substance to reach the efferent lymphatic vessels via an open communication system. PMID- 6524017 TI - [Structural picture and mechanism of action of the "initial lymph system"]. AB - The general structural features of the initial lymphatics are exhibited in the view of light and electron microscopic findings. Special attention was given to recent results in scanning electron microscopy. As regards the terminology of the initial lymphatic structures, it is suggested that the term "initial lymphatic sinuses be used" instead of "initiale Lymphbahn" designated a functional unit consisting of the initial lymphatic sinuses including the prelymphatic interstices and precollecting vessels. In addition to the functional hypotheses, so far made for the mechanism of action of the initial lymphatics, a further aspect is considered based on the active cooperation of the vessels in lymph formation evoked by the contractile properties of the lymphatic endothelium. PMID- 6524018 TI - [Cases from the edema consultation]. PMID- 6524020 TI - Abnormal eggs of Trichuris ovis (Abildgaard 1795) (Nematoda: Trichuridae). PMID- 6524019 TI - The use of 2-substituted 5-nitroimidazoles in the treatment of chronic murine Trypanosoma brucei infections with central nervous system involvement. AB - Chronic infections of Trypanosoma brucei GVR 35/2 in mice, normally relapse after conventional chemotherapy because infective trypanosomes in the brain escape the action of the drug and are able to multiply and eventually re-establish a parasitaemia. However, if treatment consists of a single dose of 1 x 20 mg/kg suramin followed 3 or 4 days later by a 2-substituted 5-nitroimidazole, given intraperitoneally, either as a single dose or as a course of daily injections, relapses rarely occur and the majority of the mice are permanently cured. The minimum effective levels for the three 5-nitroimidazole compounds (Merck Sharp and Dohme, Rahway, NJ, USA) were two doses of 10 mg/kg of L611,744; four doses of 10 mg/kg of MK 436; and three doses of 10 mg/kg of L634,549. Generally it was more effective to divide a given total dose into two or more daily doses, rather than to give the 4-nitroimidazole as a single treatment. The effective dose levels are low enough to be of practical significance and, if the 5 nitroimidazoles were ever licensed for humans, might well prove to be an alternative to melarsoprol treatment for the elimination of trypanosomes from the central nervous system. PMID- 6524021 TI - [Results of operative treatment of Scheuermann disease]. AB - Only rarely is a surgical intervention necessary for increased kyphosis in Scheuermann's disease. However, effective erection of fixed kyphoses is only possible with an incision of the anterior spinal ligament, removal of the discs at the vertex of the curvature, resection of the vertebral arch joints, narrowing of the considerably widened vertebral arches and stabilizing with Harrington's instrumentation. The present authors have treated 11 patients in this way. With this procedure it proved possible to erect the kyphosis on average by 53.4%. In the first postoperative year there was an average loss of correction of 1.7 degrees, though subsequent deterioration was only 0.7 degrees up to the time of the last follow-up examination. The residual correction gain was 50.4 per cent. The results in 4 other patients, in whom Schollner's erector rods were implanted, were less favorable. The permanent correction was only 50.4 in these cases. The best postoperative results are likely to be obtained by a unilateral ventral and dorsal procedure. PMID- 6524022 TI - [Arthroscopy of the elbow joint--indications and results]. AB - If clinical examination and radiological diagnosis fail to identify undiagnosed complaints in the elbow joint, arthroscopy is indicated. When it is clearly indicated, and when performed by a practised examiner, arthroscopy can make a very useful contribution to the diagnosis of elbow complaints. PMID- 6524023 TI - [Clinical and computer tomography results following Chiari pelvic osteotomy]. AB - 22 hips in 20 patients operated with Chiari's pelvic osteotomy between 1970 and 1980, were examined with clinical methods and computerized tomography. With computerized tomography one is surely able to see if the femoral head is completely covered with pelvic bone or not. It was completely covered in 36.4% only. Especially the dorsal part of the femoral head often was not. We report on the influence of former and contemporaneous intertrochanteric osteotomy on the result. The influence of the degree of covering of the femoral head upon absence of postoperative pain, motility of the hip, Trendelenburg's sign, and contentment of the patient is discussed. PMID- 6524024 TI - [Post-traumatic femur head necrosis following trochanter fracture]. AB - Avascular necrosis of the femoral head after fractures of the major or minor trochanter have not been published yet. We are able to present such a casereport of a 12 years old girl. We discuss the different reasons for femoral head necrosis by this case. PMID- 6524025 TI - [Follow up study of 997 total hip endoprostheses with special reference to late results 9-11 years after operation]. AB - 81.1% of a total of 1230 total hip arthroplasties could be reviewed by means of questionaries between 4 and 11 years after the operation. There was clear evidence for wors results in the long term group (between 9 and 11 years postoperatively) as to pain and ability to walk. In the short-term group of 1972 76 8.4% are not satisfied with the results of the operation, but in the long term group of 1970 this refers, as to be expected, to 23.5%. The same trend has been stated what aseptic complications are concerned: 42.7% clinically relevant ectopic ossifications and non-infectious implant loosenings in the long term group as compared with only 5.6% in the short term group. 1131 Muller prostheses were implanted. In this group 61 reoperations because of aseptic complications were necessary. Of all implanted Muller prostheses models the one with the middle neck length revealed the lowest rate of loosenings. Postoperative infections (both early and late) indicated a re-operation in 0.5%. PMID- 6524026 TI - [Experiences with hip joint endoprosthesis model PM for cement free implantation]. AB - This is a report about the experiences made with a new hip prosthesis for cementless fixation. Considering the results gained hitherto, this system can be recommended for both primary and exchange operations. However, as for all other prostheses for cementless fixation, an exact operating technique is indispensable for thorough adaption of the inner femur surface to the shape of the prosthesis. PMID- 6524028 TI - [Arc-shaped tibial head osteotomy using a drill guide device]. AB - An instrument is presented, which makes it possible to perform an exact arched osteotomy of the tibia. The technique of operation is described. PMID- 6524027 TI - [Does Osgood-Schlatter disease modify the position of the patella?]. AB - The Blackburne and Peel method of assessing the position of the patella was applied to 185 knees with Osgood-Schlatter disease in 125 patients. The normal index of 0.80 was confirmed in 73 controlled knees. The average index in the knees with Osgood-Schlatter disease measured 1.01 (patella alta) in boys and 0.91 (normal) in girls. The value increased to 1.06 in boys with radiological evidence of loose ossicls in the tibial tuberosity or the patellar tendon. This finding indicates that the strong pull of the well developed quadriceps muscle in probably the most important aetiological factor in the patella alta associated with Osgood-Schlatter disease. PMID- 6524030 TI - [St. Georg knee endoprosthesis system (slide and hinge principle). Observations and results following 10 years' experience with over 3,700 operations]. AB - Some 2000 total knee endoprostheses were inserted from 1970-1978 and about 1700 of these have been followed two different types of knee replacement were used, a surface replacement of a non-constrained design and a total hinge prosthesis. Serious complications, such as infection, loosening and fracture of the components were regarded as significant determinants in the evaluation of the durability of total and partial knee replacement. The highest and lowest incidence of complication were recorded. The longevity of knee arthroplasty and the survival rates were estimated by constructing survivorship tables. Patients with knee replacement having no complications were designated "survivals" while patients with an established complication were treated as "deaths". The success rates of total hinge prosthesis were compared with those of the sledge prosthesis. Failure rates of aseptic complications were assessed and compared with failure rates due to septic complications. A differentiation was also made between the sledge prosthesis and the total hinge prosthesis. Furthermore, significant differences in the indication for the insertion of the sledge or the total hinge were determined by group assessment (log-rank-test). Unlike the general trend to use a semiconstrained knee replacement the evaluation of this clinical trial has induced us to improve our hitherto used total knee prosthesis model rather than to develop a new surface replacement. PMID- 6524029 TI - [Quantitative determination of spongiosa formation of tibial cortical bone following knee joint total prosthesis implantation]. AB - Cancellization always occurs following implantation of total knee joint replacements. In the study reported here the extent of the cancellization process at the tibia corticalis was investigated; it was found that the extent of cancellization differs according to the height and the time factor. The danger of cancellization as a risk to the joint prosthesis is pointed out with reference to a case in which a fracture occurred. The problem of isoelastic joint prostheses as alternatives for avoiding cancellization is discussed. PMID- 6524032 TI - [Accessory muscles in the medial retromalleolar region]. AB - A case of an anomalous accessory soleus muscle simulating a soft-tissue tumor anteromedial to the Achilles tendon is reported, and the litterature concerning anomalies of muscles is reviewed. Correct diagnosis can normally be revealed by computerized axial tomography. PMID- 6524031 TI - [Treatment of severe concave clubfoot in neural muscular atrophy]. AB - The deformity with which this neurological condition first shows itself is the pes cavus. During the period of growth a severely instable cavovarus deformity develops. The author avoids operations on children because the results are usually poor; the basic problem cannot be resolved with surgical measures. He recommends that the affected feet be immobilized by plastic boots until puberty is reached, at which time only minor bone resections for correcting the form of the feet are necessary. In cases of severe cavovarus deformity in early adulthood the author does not use the usual treatment, triple arthrodesis, but operates according to a technique developed by himself: a wedge osteotomy of the Chopart joints is performed to the degree necessary to permit an exact correction of the deformity. In cases of pronounced deformities, the wedge must include the entire navicular bone. After the resection the heel automatically assumes a neutral position and subtalar stability is achieved. In a number of cases the Achilles tendon must be lengthened after wedge resection. To make possible dorsal extension of the operated foot it is necessary to translocate the tendon of tibialis anterior to the base of metatarsus V. If the tibialis anterior muscle is weak or paralysed, we translocate the tendon of tibialis posterior. Instead of running this tendon through the interosseous route, we lead it subcutaneously to the distal part of the forefoot. Preoperative toe deformities are much less pronounced following the operation, and only in rare cases is correction of the first toe necessary.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6524033 TI - [Intra-articular pressure measurement. A new method for the use of the pressure measuring film "Prescale"]. AB - We present a new procedure to protect Pressure measuring film from moisture and to facilitate its application in sphaerical joints without crinkles, shearing or friction artefacts. The film is cut into narrow laminas and embedded between two layers of an OP-site-foil. After this treatment, the film is still able to be gauged and even to bear a gas sterilization without any loss of measuring range or accuracy. PMID- 6524034 TI - [Blue rubber bleb nevus syndrome from the orthopedic viewpoint]. AB - The blue rubber bleb nevus syndrome consists of generalized haemangiomatosis associated with iron-deficiency anemia and often with orthopaedic abnormalities. We are reporting one case and reviewing earlier cases from the literature of orthopaedic interest. PMID- 6524035 TI - [Proceedings of the 90th session of the German Society for Internal Medicine. Wiesbaden, 29 April-3 May 1984. I]. PMID- 6524036 TI - [Use of antibiotics in medical practice. Round Table]. PMID- 6524037 TI - [New aspects in the diagnosis and treatment of arrhythmias. Round Table]. PMID- 6524038 TI - [Microcirculation in clinical medicine]. PMID- 6524039 TI - [Results of psychotherapy research in psychosomatic diseases]. PMID- 6524040 TI - [Endocarditis as an interdisciplinary problem]. PMID- 6524041 TI - [Proceedings of the German Society for Internal Medicine. 90th session. Wiesbaden, 29 April-3 May 1984. II]. PMID- 6524042 TI - [German Society for Pathology. 68th meeting, held in Berlin, 5-9 June, 1984]. PMID- 6524043 TI - [Clinico-experimental substantiation of the complex treatment of patients with pyoderma using dimocifone]. PMID- 6524044 TI - [Acid phosphatase in peripheral blood leukocytes of patients with psoriasis]. PMID- 6524045 TI - [Skin repigmentation after laser therapy]. PMID- 6524046 TI - [Effect of interferon on experimental Trichophyton rubrum infection]. PMID- 6524047 TI - [Acrodermatitis enteropathica in adults: treatment with zinc oxide]. PMID- 6524048 TI - [Grenz rays in the treatment of hypertrophic scars]. PMID- 6524049 TI - [Effectiveness of antimicrobial underwear in the prevention of secondary pyoderma]. PMID- 6524050 TI - [Photochemotherapy of mycosis fungoides]. PMID- 6524051 TI - [Carbohydrate metabolism in patients with granuloma annulare]. PMID- 6524053 TI - [Actinic porokeratosis]. PMID- 6524052 TI - [Zinc and copper metabolism in patients with alopecia areata]. PMID- 6524055 TI - [Touraine's great aphthosis]. PMID- 6524054 TI - [Black hairy tongue]. PMID- 6524056 TI - [2 cases of sclerosing lymphangitis of the sex organs]. PMID- 6524057 TI - [Association of lichen ruber planus with alopecia]. PMID- 6524058 TI - [2 cases of gonorrhea in the puerperal period]. PMID- 6524060 TI - [Morphological changes in the skin of patients with psoriasis after external photochemotherapy]. PMID- 6524059 TI - [Reiter's disease]. PMID- 6524061 TI - [Active oculography as a method of diagnosing the psychophysiologic condition of a man]. AB - The effect of stress factors on the oculomotor reactions of electric train drivers with various degrees of fatigue was studied in a modelled accidental situation. The spatio-temporal parameters of oculomotor reactions were shown to characterize not always correctly the state of a driver. More informative were found to be the values of asymmetry of saccades obtained by separate recordings of the right and left eye movements. A comparison between the character of the phase saccade disturbances of tired operators and that of patients with a deficiency in cerebral blood supply showed that the latter may be used as a model. PMID- 6524062 TI - [Comparative population analysis of the variability of human neurodynamics and psychodynamics]. AB - A number of characteristics of morphological, neurodynamical, and psychodynamical levels of organization of individual personality was studied in five isolated different ethnical populations and two panmixic ones. The degree of heritability was found to decrease and that of variability to increase with the rise of organization level. Significant interpopulational differences were shown in the mean values of characteristics under study and their dispersions. The results obtained were discussed in connection with peculiarities of genetical and social structures of investigated human populations. PMID- 6524063 TI - [Latent period of sensomotor reactions among persons with different degrees of functional nervous system lability]. AB - Connection between the value of the latent period of simple sensorimotor reactions and the level of functional lability of the nervous system was studied in 126 subjects (males, the mean age of 21 years). Lack of statistically significant variations of the mean values of the latent period was revealed in subjects with different gradations of the level of functional lability of the nervous system. The correlation was not found also by means of correlation analysis between the variable series characterizing the functional lability on the one hand and the latent periods on the other hand. Basing on the data obtained it seems possible to think that the latent periods of simple sensorimotor reactions may not be considered as direct characteristics of the functional lability of the nervous system. PMID- 6524064 TI - [Participation of the amygdala in the formation of heterogeneous conditioned reflexes]. AB - Characteristics were studied in the same dogs of the formation of conditioned reflexes to signals reinforced by biologically different stimuli--food, acid and current and of differentiations to them, after amygdala ablation. Amygdalectomy leads to the disturbance of the conditioning process, independently of the biological significance of the reinforcement. However, the deepest and the most prolonged disturbances occur in the system of alimentary behaviour and in elaboration of more complicated instrumental defensive reflexes in which current avoidance requires not only lifting of the paw but also retaining at a definite height for a certain time. Amygdala ablation considerably impedes the process of differentiation of positive and inhibitory stimuli leading to a disturbance of correct evaluation of signal significance and to inadequate behavioural reactions. PMID- 6524065 TI - [Role of M- and N-cholinergic systems in the recovery of motor functions after removal of the motor zones of the cerebral cortex in cats]. AB - In chronic experiments on cats with unilateral ablations of the motor cortical area, recovery of motor function of the contralateral forelimb was observed in average on the 31-th day after ablation. Stimulation of M-cholinoreactive brain biosystems by galantamine in combination with simultaneous suppression of N cholinoreactive biosystems by ganglerone, shortened the period of complete compesation up to 10 days. Suppression of M-cholinoreactive systems and simultaneous stimulation of N-cholinoreactive ones by metamisil combined with galantamine prolonged the recovery period up to several months. A conclusion is drawn of an important role of M- and N-cholinergic mechanisms in providing compensatory possibilities of the brain. PMID- 6524066 TI - [Relation between the dynamics of a species-specific motor reaction and the duration of diencephalic stimulation]. AB - Species-specific reaction of thumping behaviour with the hind limbs in response to electrical stimulation of the ventromedial, dorsomedial and caudal parts of the hypothalamus was studied in chronic experiments on rabbits. Reaction of avoidance dominated during current action of various durations (1-20 s). The specific reaction under study appeared after the termination of stimulation and lasted for 30-120 s. The number of kicks in response to single stimulation depended on its duration (T). With T rising from 1 to 10 s, the number of kicks increased; with T being equal to 20 s, it decreased. The latency of the first kick after the termination of stimulation regularily increased with increase of its duration, and reaction intensity maxima shifted to the right along the axis of time. Possible mechanisms of limb kicking behaviour are discussed based on a transition of avoidance reaction during stimulus action to emotional reaction in post-stimulus period. PMID- 6524067 TI - [Spatial-motor asymmetry in rat behavior]. AB - The experiments were carried out on rats in three different mazes: U-shape, complicated linear and 12-beam radial. Series of tests differed by succession of rats learning in the mazes and the character of reinforcement. Most of the rats manifested a spatial-motor asymmetry (SMA) in all used situations. Under all conditions SMA increased in the process of learning parallel to a decrease of the errors number or the time of the task performing. In the group of rats sequently learning in different mazes, the direction of moving changed with changes in spatial characteristics of the medium. Preliminary training of rats in conditions creating SMA, promoted its acceleration in new conditions. The conclusion is made that the rats have no physiological mechanism which rigidly fixes a single (in all conditions) direction of runs. SMA is considered as a behavioural tactics which is corrected in the process of training and which provides for an adequate behaviour. PMID- 6524069 TI - [Formation of alimentary conditioned reflexes with probable reinforcement in rats with frontal cortex injuries]. AB - Alimentary conditioned response to the sound of turning of the feeding-rack reinforced in 33 and 25 per cent of cases was formed faster in rats with frontal cortical lesion than in intact animals. The results obtained permit to suppose that during integrative brain activity the frontal areas of the cerebral cortex participate in organization of behavior with a high probability of reinforcement. PMID- 6524068 TI - [Interhemispheric asymmetry and motor activity in rodents]. PMID- 6524070 TI - [Behavior of fish in groups presented with an extrapolation problem]. AB - Grouped carps as well as isolated fishes were shown to be uncapable to extrapolate the direction of movement of an alimentary stimulus after its disappearance from the visual field. Differences in behaviour of isolated fishes and grouped ones as well as those between the groups of different size and composition were revealed in repeated performance of the same extrapolation task. Groups of six fishes exhibited higher behavioural plasticity in comparison to isolated fishes and groups of two unlearned animals: in the former orienting exploratory activity was higher and the process of learning more stable. At minimal group size (two animals) learning was accelerated only in the case if one of the fishes had been previously learned. Some decrease in efficiency of task solving was observed in a learned fish after its grouping with unlearned one. PMID- 6524071 TI - [Effect of microelectrophoretic application of GABA on the formation of a cellular analog of a conditioned reaction]. AB - Influence of GABA application on ability of sensorimotor cortical neurones to form conditioned cellular reactions was studied in chronic experiments on rabbits. Neuronal reactions were analysed at the initial stage of eye-lid conditioning. GABA application in a period of presentation of paired conditioned and unconditioned stimuli disturbed formation of inhibitory conditioned cellular reactions and did not influence elaboration of activating responses. Plastic changes underlying the process of formation of inhibitory conditioned neuronal reactions are supposed to be of intracortical nature. PMID- 6524072 TI - [Monomodal convergence in the visual system of the alert cat]. AB - In chronic experiments on waking cats, the interaction between signals evoked by simultaneous stimulation of the lateral geniculate body (LGB) and pulvinar was mainly of occlusive type which was more pronounced in the visual than in the associative cortical area. Conditioning stimulation of LGB depressed the response to testing stimulation of the pulvinar at delays of 10 ms. Delays of 20-60 ms facilitated the response. At short delays between the stimuli, the conditioning pulvinar stimulation either did not change significantly the response to testing LGB stimulation or facilitated it. At long (80-200 ms) delays the same conditioning stimulation produced a depression of the response to the testing stimulation. The results obtained point to monomodal convergence in the system of the cat visual analyzer and also to a relative autonomy and predominance of the cortical input from LGB and to dependence of pulvinar input functioning on the degree of activation of the geniculo-cortical path. PMID- 6524073 TI - [Effect of oxytocin on the activity of posterior hypothalamic neurons in the rat]. AB - Changes of unit activity in different nuclei of the posterior hypothalamus induced by intravenous oxytocin injections were studied in acute experiments on Wistar rats anaesthetized with nembutal. Influence of nonapeptide was dose dependent. Latencies of various neuronal reactions were different. Mechanisms of oxytocin regulation of neuronal activity in the posterior hypothalamus are discussed. PMID- 6524074 TI - [Effect of ethanol on central mechanisms of alimentary and defensive motivation in the rabbit]. AB - A single intravenous administration of ethanol (0.5 g/kg) to rabbits had different effects on the excitability of feeding and defensive motivational centers of the lateral and ventromedial hypothalamus. Ethanol abolished both inhibitory effects of the dorsal hippocampus and facilitatory action of the midbrain reticular formation on alimentary and defensive motivations. It elicited new power distributions of the main rhythms of general electrical cortical activity in the background and under stimulation of limbic-midbrain structures. Analysis of the activity of organello-specific enzymes in limbic-midbrain neurones revealed disturbances of cellular energetic processes caused by ethanol. PMID- 6524075 TI - [Relation between conditioned and unconditioned reflex components in conditioned reflex transswitching]. PMID- 6524076 TI - ["Place cells" in the hypothalamus and limbic cortex of the rabbit]. PMID- 6524077 TI - The International Drinking Water Supply and Sanitation Decade. Review of national baseline data (as at 31 December 1980). PMID- 6524078 TI - Amino-acid sequence of the coeliac active gliadin peptide B 3142. AB - Peptide B 3142, which has been isolated from a peptic tryptic digest of whole gliadin by several separation steps [1], was examined for coeliac activity in an immunological test and in an organ-culture test, comparing enlarged groups of coeliac patients and control persons. In both test systems the peptide shows a coeliac specific effect. The N-terminal sequence analysis (EDMAN degradation), the C-terminal sequence analysis (incubation with carboxypeptidase Y) and the sequence determination of peptides, obtained from B 3142 by digestion with papain and chymotrypsin, result in the following total amino-acid sequence: H-Val-Pro Val-Pro-Gln-Leu-Gln-Pro-Gln-Asn-Pro-Ser-Gln-Gln- Gln-Pro-Gln-Glu-Gln-Val-Pro-Leu Val-Gln-Gln-Gln-Gln-Phe-Pro-Gly-Gln-Gln- Gln-Pro-Phe-Pro-Pro-Gln-Gln-Pro-Tyr-Pro Gln-Pro-Gln-Pro-Phe-Pro-Ser-Gln- Gln-Pro-Tyr-OH. The 53 amino-acid residues correspond to a molecular mass of 6,129 g/mol. PMID- 6524079 TI - Principal component analysis as a tool for studying interdependences among trace metals in edible mussels from the Gulf of Trieste. AB - Principal component analysis has been applied to analyze the correlation matrix obtained from a (6 X 44) data matrix. The 6 trace metals are Co, Ni, Cu, Cd, Hg, and Pb, which are contained in the soft part of edible mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis Lamarck) from a hatchery on the gulf of Trieste. In the space of "eigenvectors", the dimensions are reduced to 3 principal axes, which account for about 77% of the total variance. The unrotated factor matrix obtained by the principal components shows that Co, Ni and Cu are bonded to the first principal component, Cd and Pb to the second, Hg to the third. This picture is also assessed by the Varimax-rotated matrix and it is tentatively explained, at least in part, by considering the associations of the trace metals from various geographical sources. PMID- 6524080 TI - High cadmium and nickel contents in sunflower kernels. AB - High cadmium and nickel contents in sunflower kernels intended for human consumption are reported. The cadmium contents of 55 samples from North America and Europe were 0.25-0.69 mg/kg with averages from different countries of 0.32 0.54 mg/kg. The contents in kernels from bird seeds (i.e. animal feed) from China and Egypt were much lower. The cadmium content of sunflower kernels for human consumption might pose a risk to human health. Danish authorities recommend the Danish consumers do not eat large amounts of sunflower kernels for a long period of time. The nickel contents of 25 of the samples of kernels for human consumption were 2.3-5.3 mg/kg. This is comparable with that found in different kinds of nuts with high nickel contents. PMID- 6524081 TI - [Skin tanning and light protection--basis, agents and analytical aspects. 2. Light protection and light protective agents]. PMID- 6524082 TI - [Voltammetric determination of heavy metals in meat and the internal organs of slaughter cattle]. AB - The most important uptake of heavy metal by man occurs through ingestion. Therefore heavy metal analysis of food becomes of great importance. The whole analytical procedure including sampling, transport, drying, homogenisation, digestion and measurement for the determination of Zn, Cd, Pb, Cu, Ni, and Co in meat is described with due consideration given to the requirements for trace and ultratrace analysis. The particular advantages of the voltammetric approach for heavy metal determinations in meat and meat products are generally featured by this study. A standard deviation of 3-5% RSD in the microgram/g-range and 5-10% RSD in the ng/g-range was obtained. In order to check the accuracy of the results, mixtures of sample and standard reference material were analysed. While the Cd-content in meat is in the range of 1 ng/g (wet weight) it increases in organs, such as liver (100-500 ng/g wet weight) and kidney (600-2000 ng/g wet weight). Pb shows a similar behaviour. The levels of these elements were found to be below the maximum allowable limits set by the "Bundesgesundheitsamt", with the exception of Cd in the kidneys. There is a statistical significant correlation between the Cd and Pb contents in liver and kidney. In liver the Cu content was especially high, because there are Cu-containing enzymes in this organ. Vitamin B12 is a Co containing complex in the liver. Therefore the Co values in liver are clearly higher than those in muscle meat. PMID- 6524083 TI - Benzoic acid and sorbic acid in foods quantitative determination by gas chromatography. PMID- 6524084 TI - Surgical treatment of anterior nasoethmoid encephaloceles. AB - Two cases are reported with anterior nasoethmoid encephaloceles. The clinical, radiological and surgical results are described. The significance of a primary intracranial and intradural treatment of the defect of the base of the skull is pointed out. Secondary extirpation of the encephalocele and plastic correction of the face is recommended. Interdisciplinary cooperation with related specialties in the treatment of anterior encephaloceles is emphasised. PMID- 6524085 TI - Heminephrectomy--ureterectomy as the sole procedure in ectopic ureterocele in children. AB - During the years 1976-1981, 12 children with duplex kidneys and ectopic ureterocele were operated upon with heminephrectomy and ureterectomy only. This simple procedure led to cure in 10 out of 12 patients. In two of the patients it later had to be supplemented by resection of the ureterocele and reimplantation of the orthotopic ureter. Such a two-stage procedure does not seem to jeopardize the final result. PMID- 6524086 TI - Dysplasia of ureteric epithelium: a source of adenocarcinoma in ureterosigmoidostomy? AB - Dysplasia was found in the terminal portion of the ureters in two children with ureterosigmoidostomy followed by routine colonoscopy. These observations provide further evidence that adenocarcinomas complicating this type of diversion may be derived from ureteric epithelium and that urine is not essential for their development. PMID- 6524088 TI - [Gastrointestinal complications in children with hemolytic-uremic syndrome]. AB - Eight children out of 106 with haemolytic-uraemic syndrome (HUS) had marked gastrointestinal complications requiring close cooperation between the paediatrician and paediatric surgeon. These children showed signs of ileus and peritonitis. Six children hat these complications in the prodromal stage, whereas the other two children showed them in the anuria stage. The complications were closely connected with multiple erosions of the mucosa and ulcerations of the intestinal wall which resulted in perforation of the intestinal wall in two cases. In two further cases, intestinal vagination was seen which was limited toward the small intestine. All operated children died. The authors are of the opinion that prognosis in HUS with severe gastrointestinal complications is very infaust. PMID- 6524087 TI - Abdominal calcifications in infants and children. AB - Abdominal and pelvic calcifications are usually incidental findings and require further measures to determine their origin. Most laboratory investigations are of little help. Plain anteroposterior and lateral x-rays are essential. The time of appearance and localisation of a calcification is of diagnostic importance. Amorphous, granular and irregular calcification can be an early sign of malignancy. Mobility of a calcification also helps to clarify its origin. Over the past 15 years abdominal and pelvic calcifications, excluding urological radiodensities, have been found in 63 patients up to fourteen years of age at our institute. A migrating deposit in the omentum, a spontaneously amputated calcified ovary mimicking a vesical calculus and a congenital retroperitoneal xanthofibroma caused the greatest difficulty in establishing a preoperative diagnosis. PMID- 6524089 TI - Liver enzyme ratios in neonatal liver disease. AB - The gamma-GT/ASAT (aspartate aminotransferase) and gamma-GT/ALAT (alanine aminotransferase) ratios were examined in 6 children with neonatal hepatitis (NH), 14 children with extrahepatic biliary atresia (EHBA), and 8 children with intrahepatic cholestasis (IHC) (of which 3 with the Aagenaes syndrome). A ratio above 1 is suggestive of EHBA. Both ratios differentiate very well between NH and EHBA, but there is considerable overlap in the enzyme ratios between the EHBA and the IHC groups. Gamma-GT/transaminase ratios may prove to be a useful indicator in the diagnostic work-up of children with liver and biliary tract disease, allowing for early surgery in patients with EHBA, and with a low risk of subjecting NH patients to unnecessary surgery. In our cases the gamma-GT/ALAT ratio separated better between EHBA and IHC than the gamma-GT/ASAT ratio. Furthermore, the case histories made EHBA seem unlikely in two out of three IHC patients with a gamma-GT/ALAT ratio above 1. PMID- 6524090 TI - Two-stage operations of small bowel in infancy and childhood. AB - Out of 813 laparotomies performed for surgical problems of small bowel in infants and children, resections were necessary in 327 patients. A primary enterostomy was done in 75 cases with subsequent anastomosis. The different surgical problems, the operative findings, the various procedures adopted and the results thereof are discussed here. The greatest danger was seen to arise from the ischaemia of the bowel and from peritonitis. In doubtful conditions of small bowel two-stage operation seems advisable. PMID- 6524091 TI - [Bacteremia and sepsis as sequelae of suction biopsy of the rectal mucosa]. AB - A neonate developing E. coli septicaemia following a rectal suction biopsy is presented. To determine the incidence of transient bacteraemia following this procedure, a prospective study was performed. In nine children aerobic and anaerobic blood cultures were taken before and 5, 10, 15 and 20 minutes after the beginning of the investigation. Transient bacteraemia was demonstrated in two patients by growth of E. coli, Strept. faecalis and Bact. fragilis. In two others growth of Staph. aureus was thought to be due to contamination. In five patients all cultures were sterile. None of the children developed symptoms of septicaemia. Antibiotic prophylaxis is discussed and recommended. PMID- 6524092 TI - [Optical-acoustical analogous biofeedback conditioning in the treatment of fecal incontinence in childhood]. AB - This is a report on the treatment of anal incontinence by biofeedback conditioning. Since August 1982 9 children with incontinence (8 rectoanal agenesia, one Morbus Hirschsprung) were treated by simultaneous optical and acoustical analogous biofeedback conditioning. Training of sensitivity and voluntary contractions were performed and controlled electromanometrically. According to the pressure waves electrical alterations were transformed and feedback visually and acoustically. Results of the training of the maximal voluntary contraction are presented and the superiority of this method for the coordination of the anorectal sphincter function is stressed. PMID- 6524093 TI - Idiopathic cricopharyngeal achalasia. AB - Two neonates with cricopharyngeal achalasia are presented. In one of them myotomy of the cricopharyngeus relieved the obstruction. In the other baby, the symptoms disappeared without surgical treatment. PMID- 6524094 TI - [2 cases of pyloric atresia]. AB - Two cases of pyloric atresia are presented. In the first case an isoperistaltic gastroenterostomia was performed with an atretic long segment. In the second child, pyloroplasty according to Finney was performed. The different possibilities of treatment are discussed. PMID- 6524095 TI - An unusual complication following the removal of a neuroblastoma. AB - A 17-month-old girl had a neuroblastoma with high preoperative urinary excretion of norepinephrine and a manifest hypertension. She developed during and after surgery circulatory complications similar to those seen when a pheochromocytoma is removed without prior sympathetic blockade. This complication in connection with a neuroblastoma has not been described previously. This case points to the necessity of careful preoperative evaluation of the circulatory function in cases of neuroblastomas in children. The paediatric surgeon and the anaesthetist should take a preoperative sympathetic blockade into consideration. PMID- 6524096 TI - [Ureteral replacement in newborn infants--case report]. AB - This is a description of a ureteric replacement operation employing a modified Culp-de-Weerd method for the ileopelvic segment of the ureter combined with a Cohen ureteric reimplantation. This operation was carried out in a 2-month-old infant with a stenosis of the left ureter. 7 months postoperatively the left kidney is normal as far as its anatomy and function is concerned. PMID- 6524097 TI - Total rupture of giant sacrococcygeal teratoma. AB - Sacrococcygeal teratomata exceeding 20% of the infant's weight are rare. These tumours often cause problems during delivery such as obstruction and rupture of the tumour. By means of prenatal ultrasound screening programmes this condition can be diagnosed in utero and the delivery can take place safely. When dealing with an infant with ruptured giant sacrococcygeal teratoma the condition of the child is incorrectly regarded as too poor to warrant surgery. By prompt correction of fluid and electrolyte disturbance and emergency ligation of the bleeding vessels the infant can, however, be saved with an excellent later prognosis. PMID- 6524099 TI - An operative technique to reduce valve colonisation. AB - Using a multiple skin preparation technique, drape edges soaked in chlorhexidine and valves primed with gentamicin solution CSF shunt (VP) colonisation rate has been reduced to 2.4% of 82 operations. PMID- 6524098 TI - The upper renal tracts in adolescents and young adults with myelomeningocele. AB - The state of the upper urinary tracts has been assessed in 181 adolescents and young adults with myelomeningocele. At the age of 16 years, abnormalities were present in 75 patients (41 per cent); the risk of these complications was related to the extent of the neurological deficit and the presence of a urinary diversion. During follow-up into early adult life, fresh or further deterioration of the upper renal tracts occurred in 48 patients (27 per cent); the pattern of this deterioration was influenced by whether or not previous urinary diversion had been performed. PMID- 6524100 TI - Comparison of two methods of prophylaxis against CSF shunt infection. AB - In a series of 68 operations for insertion or revision of cerebrospinal fluid shunts the incidence of infection was reduced from 20% in controls to 4.2% when systemic and intrathecal or intra-shunt gentamicin prophylaxis was employed. The only infection occurring in the latter group was due to an organism resistant to gentamicin. No reduction in infection rate was noted when povidone iodine was instilled into the wounds. PMID- 6524101 TI - The use of intraventricular vancomycin in the treatment of CSF shunt-associated ventriculitis. AB - Ten cases of shunt-associated ventriculitis treated with intraventricular vancomycin are described. Eight were cured of their infection, one of these without shunt removal, though this failed in another instance. There were no toxic or untoward effects except in one case, where intravenous administration of vancomycin produced a histamine-like reaction. Intraventricular vancomycin, preferably combined with oral rifampicin, should be considered in cases of intractable or problematic shunt-associated ventriculitis due to Gram-positive organisms. PMID- 6524102 TI - A review of the management policy for new-born spina bifida children at Our Lady's Hospital for Sick Children, Crumlin, 1973-1983. AB - The management policy at Our Lady's Hospital for Sick Children, Crumlin, for newborn spina bifida infants consists of immediate operation for those considered likely to benefit and full nursery care for those who do not have early surgery. In the eleven years since this policy was first implemented, there have been 493 infants admitted with open myelomeningocele, of whom 260 (52.7%) were managed non operatively. The mortality for all infants so managed was 78% at one year. 171 (66%) of this group died without further intervention. 89 (34%) survived long enough for some form of treatment to be instituted. 41 of these children are still alive and it is felt that their handicaps have not been increased by their early management. It is argued that an approach to management which considers the needs and interests of the individual infant is more acceptable than one that seeks to enforce total care, regardless of circumstances, or the impersonal assignment, by criteria, into "treatment" and "non-treatment" groups. PMID- 6524103 TI - Long-term reactions following a stillbirth with a congenital abnormality: a preliminary report. AB - Just over half of the sixty women who were interviewed ten and twenty years after they were delivered of a stillborn malformed baby, seem to have resolved their grief completely and have accepted the stillbirth. The remainder have become clinically depressed or have shown physical symptoms typical of anxiety states. Factors contributing to their unresolved mourning were: 1) failure on the doctor's part to explain, comprehensively, the reason for the stillbirth; 2) lack of emotional support during and after the stillbirth. PMID- 6524104 TI - Neuropsychological testing and survey forms to indicate possible loss of neurological functioning. AB - Thirty spina bifida-hydrocephalic patients susceptible to changes in intracranial pressure and/or in spinal cord involvement underwent systematic surveillance of neurological, neuropsychological and behavioural status for up to two years. Behavioural status was monitored monthly through survey forms completed by direct caretakers while a neuropsychological battery was administered every three months. Patients were also followed in a Spina Bifida Clinic and definitive diagnosis of neurological change was determined through standard medical techniques. Analysis of results indicate that behavioural changes are often observed by direct caretakers and neurologists without occurrence of definitive neurological change. In contrast, the neuropsychological assessment revealed a group of reproducible measures that remain stable during periods of non definitive neurological change. The neuropsychological measures provide quantitative information on the subjects' neurological function. This information can be used for comparison purposes after a period of stable neurological functioning has occurred. PMID- 6524105 TI - The development of congenital hydrocephalus in the mouse. AB - The development of hydrocephalus has been investigated in a strain of mice with an autosomal recessive gene for hydrocephalus. The hydrocephalus is apparent in histological sections by 1 day after birth as a dilatation of the lateral ventricles and cavitation of the surrounding brain. Infusion experiments show that the flow pathway out of the ventricles is obstructed in 4 day hydrocephalic animals or older but not in newborn animals. The resistance to absorption of the cerebrospinal fluid from the lateral ventricles is high in normal animals at 1-2 days after birth and it falls to adult values at 14 days. Resistance from the cisterna magna is lower than from the lateral ventricles in animals less than 14 days suggesting that, in the first week or two after birth, there is a resistance in the flow pathway through the ventricular system. In hydrocephalic animals the resistance of the flow pathway was higher than normal. There was no defect in the capacity for fluid absorption from the subarachnoid space in hydrocephalic animals. PMID- 6524106 TI - Brain and ventricular volume in hydrocephalus. AB - A study is presented based on CT scans, using advanced computer techniques, to determine brain volume in a representative sample of sixteen subjects, with treated and untreated hydrocephalus, whose ventricle size varied from normal to extreme and from symmetrical to grossly asymmetrical dilatation. The calculations take into account the maximal head circumference at the time of the CT scans and the results are correlated with the patients' intellectual and neurological conditions. PMID- 6524107 TI - Genetic aspects of "uncomplicated" hydrocephalus and its relationship to neural tube defect. AB - Congenital hydrocephalus is a relatively uncommon abnormality in population malformation surveys accounting for between four and ten out of every 10,000 births. In 30%, it is caused by aqueduct stenosis. The majority of cases have a multifactorial aetiology, the genetic component, which is polygenic, rendering the developing foetus susceptible to largely unidentified environmental factors in early development. Some cases are caused by single gene defects. Family studies suggest that the risk to siblings of a child with uncomplicated congenital hydrocephalus, where the anatomical site is not specified, is about 1 in 50 (1 in 40 for males, 1 in 80 for females). With aqueduct stenosis, the risk to brothers of affected boys is 1 in 22, to sisters only 1 in 50. The risks to siblings of sisters is less. Probably less than 2% of uncomplicated hydrocephalus has an X-linked basis and such an aetiology should be suspected if the special clinical features are present, there is more than one male sibling affected, or there are affected male relatives on the mother's side. Dandy-Walker's syndrome may be recessively inherited and there are some other, but very rare, monogenic causes for hydrocephalus. There is not obvious additional risk for neural tube defect. Non-directive genetic counselling should be given either at the genetic clinic or at a specially arranged clinic appointment and should include not only the risk to the family members, but also the options for avoiding recurrences, and any prenatal diagnostic tests available, such as high precision ultrasonography and a serum alphafetoprotein estimation at about sixteen weeks gestation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6524108 TI - [Antiepileptic effects of globulin-N as an intact human immunoglobulin and its tissue-distribution in kindled cats]. AB - The antiepileptic effects of Globulin-N as an intact human immunoglobulin were examined using the amygdaloid kindled animals, which was prepared by the method of Goddard et al (1969) and Wada et al (1974). In the non-treated kindled cats, generalized convulsion (GC) and after-discharge (AD) in amygdala, hippocampus and neocortex was caused synchronously by electrical stimulation with generalized seizure-triggering threshold (GST) at constant intervals of 24 hours. By contrast, in kindled cats treated intravenously with 200 mg/kg Globulin-N, the GC and AD due to the GST-stimulation disappeared entirely for the period 4 to 8 days after medication in 8 out of 10 cases. Further, kindled cats treated with anticonvulsant, phenobarbital or phenytoin inhibited GC and AD to GST-stimulation until 24-48 hours after medication. On the other hand, the plasma half-life of Globulin-N was determined as about 10 days in the kindled cats, and Globulin-N was distributed immunohistochemically not only in the visceral organ-tissues but also in the tissues of the brain and spinal cord. The administered Globulin-N or 14C-human immunoglobulin pass through the blood-brain barrier easily in kindled cats with GST induced-epileptic seizure, and was apparently taken up by the nerve cells and glial cells in the cerebral cortex and other extensive deep structure involved in the central nervous system. These results seem to support the clinical usefulness of Globulin-N in patients with epilepsy (Ariizumi et al, 1982) and also epileptic psychosis. PMID- 6524109 TI - [Thermographic analysis of the brain temperature in rats following microwave irradiation]. AB - A thermoviewer, a new model of JTG-500 (JEOL, Japan) was utilized for finding the effect of microwave heat energy absorption and its conductivity in the brains of rats and mice following microwave irradiation (MWR). The frozen head was cut in either the sagittal, frontal or horizontal plane. After the frozen brain returned to room temperature (27-28 degrees C), the parts were put together with scotch tape and place in the exposure chamber. The rat's brain was irradiated at 6 kW for 0.6 sec and the mouse's brain was irradiated at 6 kW for 0.12 sec. Within 2 min. after irradiation, one side of each head was removed from the body and set in front of the camera unit. Each frame of a thermal image with its temperature information was stored in a data memory and the image of the brain surface was displayed at a flickerfree TV rate under the most optimum display condition. The temperature resolution of the device was 0.05 degrees C. In the individual rat planes, the highest energy was efficiently centralized in the middle of each individual plane and was distributed to the periphery showing phased decreases in temperature. The temperature differences recorded in the rat's sagittal, frontal and horizontal sections were; 4.6 degrees C, 5.0 degrees C and 3.4 degrees C, respectively. Temperature differences in rat brains irradiated by MWR were known to be below 5.0 degrees C under these experimental conditions. In the mouse planes, the highest level of microwave energy was also centralized in the middle of each individual section.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6524110 TI - [Proliferative and metaplastic reactions as tentative reparatory processes in spontaneous arthritis in the mouse]. AB - Performing histo-morphologic studies of knee joints in several hundred mice of the strains C57 black, STR/1N and MAGf, showing a disposition for spontaneous osteo-arthrosis, we found tentative reparative processes in many cases. There was a proliferation of cartilage and of the synovial membrane, mostly in the peripheral parts of the joints. The proliferating tissues were apparently moving towards an existing osteo-arthrotic focus. However, since cartilage and synovial tissues often became necrotic at the central, weight-bearing part of the joint they generally did not reach the defect. However, in a number of mice there were mostly small superficial defects in the joint cartilage filled with connective tissue of several grades of maturity. These regenerating spots were generally found in connection with the proliferating synovial membrane. In other animals there were fibrous vascularized pannus-like tissues, moving from the synovial membrane over the still normal cartilage towards a mostly centrally localized osteo-arthrotic ulcer. The pannus, like the inflammatory proliferating synovial membrane, often contained cartilaginous detritus. Attempts to regenerate arthrotic defects directly by local neoformation of cartilage, e.g. at the facies patellae of the femur, remained mostly without much success, showing only poor isles of chondrocytes, partially in cluster form. Interestingly, the menisci, like the synovial membrane, generally take part in the osteo-arthrotic process, also showing severe destructive alterations and rather often signs of regeneration, sometimes with cluster formation. PMID- 6524111 TI - [Biomechanical studies on the pathogenesis of ochronotic arthropathy]. AB - The enzymatic defect leading to alcaptonuria is well known. However, the pathogenesis of the associated arthropathy is poorly understood. From clinical and morphological observations it is assumed that the breakdown of ochronotic cartilage is due to an increased fragility. To test the hypothesis that polymerisation products of homogentisic acid change the biomechanical behaviour of hyalin cartilage, investigations on natural ochronotic cartilage and tissues following in vitro incubation with homogentisic acid were performed. It could be demonstrated that the "ochronotic situation" is associated with an increased hardness and a decreased elasticity of the hyalin cartilage. For the pathogenesis of ochronotic arthropathy it is assumed that these alterations, in association with mechanical stress to the joints, lead to cartilage destruction. PMID- 6524112 TI - [Determination of early changes in the rheumatoid hand with an electronic color analyser]. AB - Using soft rays, X-ray pictures were taken of the hands of patients with possible and probable rheumatoid arthritis, and were then subjected to electronic colour analysis. This method represents a contribution to early diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis, makes the distinction between the joint capsule and rheumatoid pannus possible, and ensures the early discovery of cartilage damage, which has not been possible with any other noninvasive method. PMID- 6524113 TI - [Graphic presentation of visual analog scales for pain evaluation in rheumatology]. AB - The scores of visual analog scales, used for rating of rheumatological pains, are scarcely normal distributed. The presentation of these findings by mean and standard deviation can be evidently distorted. Furthermore range and extreme values are missing. The new grafical method-box and whisker plot-is more adequate to those data. Comparing both methods in a clinical trial the possible gain of information is illustrated. PMID- 6524114 TI - [Cluster analysis of the classification of disseminated lupus erythematosus]. AB - Using a grouping method the disease homogeneity within a group of 59 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus was studied. The mean observation period was 8 years and 10 months. By using a cluster analysis, the total group of patients could be divided into two subgroups which differed clearly in their symptomatology. One subgroup showed a higher incidence of hypertension, severe anaemia, oral ulceration, elevated serum creatinine values, and proteinuria. All 8 deaths occurred in this group. The second group was characterized by a more benign course of disease, a notably decreased incidence of symptoms characteristic for the first subgroup, and no deaths. PMID- 6524115 TI - [Psychological adjustment to disease in patients with ankylosing spondylitis]. AB - Three aspects of locus of control (internality; powerful others external control orientations; chance control orientation) were studied in a sample of 76 patients with ankylosing spondylitis. The accumulation of the scores in the three scales shows that these patients are more internally than externally orientated. This is discussed with reference to the evaluation of effective coping-strategies in patients with ankylosing spondylitis. PMID- 6524117 TI - [Periungual capillary microscopy in patients with chronic polyarthritis and psoriasis arthropathica]. AB - The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of nail bed capillary abnormalities in rheumatoid arthritis and psoriatic arthritis. In 10 per cent of rheumatoid patients the morphological pattern of the nail bed capillaries of the ten fingers was remarkably variable. Long capillaries and a clearly visible subpapillary plexus were the most prominent findings in these patients. The only significant finding observed in patients with psoriatic arthritis was a high subpapillary plexus visibility. Avascular areas and giant loops (typical of scleroderma) were not found in either disorder. PMID- 6524116 TI - [Special disco-vertebral forms of ankylosing spondylitis]. AB - In a retrospective study 10 cases (6 males, 4 females) of special disco-vertebral forms of ankylosing spondylitis were evaluated. In all cases radiographs showed bilateral sacroiliitis and destructive-sclerotic disco-vertebral lesions but hardly any syndesmophytes considered typical for ankylosing spondylitis. We found a rather striking diversity of morphologic changes caused by spondylodiscitis, polysegmental involvement, the simultaneous and successive appearance (in the cause of the disease) of shiny corner, as well as anterior spondylitis and spondylodiscitis. All cases had clinical and humoral signs of disease activity, and some even had extravertebral manifestations. Radiographs and clinical findings indicate that an inflammatory process causes the disco-vertebral lesions. The special forms of ankylosing spondylitis as described in this article are in accordance with the polymorphism frequently observed in this disease. PMID- 6524118 TI - [Studies and results of the use of nuclear medicine methods in kidney function tests]. AB - It is sought for alternative methods for the endogenous creatinine clearance as parameters for the GFR. For this purpose served investigations with Tc-99m-Sn DTPA. It was found a good reproducibility for the slope clearance with 3 blood takings between 60 and 120 minutes. When combined with the camera function scintigraphy a side-separated quantitative statement of the clearance equivalent is possible. The inulin clearance serves as reference method. The investigations at the gamma-camera with Tc-99m-Sn-DTPA also allow the determination of the perfusion which is particularly of interest in patients with hypertension. According to the comparison at the gamma camera a diagnostic schema is recommended. PMID- 6524119 TI - [Catamnestic study of long-term prognosis in patients with acute kidney failure]. AB - Of 250 patients who were haemodialyzed on account of an acute renal insufficiency during a period of 16 years 114 patients survived. A control of the course was performed in 105 patients. Altogether 34 patients dies after their discharge from hospital. Older age and acute renal insufficiency due to urological basic diseases or abscessing pyelonephrititides have clearly worse cumulative survival rates. The risk factors of chronic pyelonephritis and hypertension, respectively, are found in one third of the patients. The long-term prognosis after acute renal insufficiency can be improved by regular dispensary care. PMID- 6524120 TI - [Correlation between the morphological and functional parameters in hypophyseal adenomas of acromegalic patients]. AB - A series of 50 human pituitary adenomas with acromegaly has been investigated morphologically and densitometrically by use of a system for automated microscope picture analysis (AMBA). Twenty nuclear and tissue features have been measured. The tumors were divided into eosinophilic, eosinophilic/chromophobe and chromophobe adenomas. We found no correlation between the analysed karyometric features and the blood hormone levels. But considering the results of the hematoxylin-eosin-staining, significant differences exist between the three histological subtypes. Eosinophilic adenomas show higher blood hormone levels than mixed and chromophobe tumors. Significant differences between the subtypes in some nuclear and tissue features allow a classification. Eosinophilic adenomas have bigger nuclei with higher extinction (that means higher DNA-content). The parameter EXTK (expected extinction at the borderline of the nuclei) was of great importance for the separation of mixed and chromophobe adenomas. The size of the adenomas had no influence on the blood hormone levels. Further studies are necessary to answer the question whether these results are a true expression of a different functional state. PMID- 6524122 TI - [Latent prostatic carcinoma--an autopsy study of men over 50 years of age]. AB - A report is given on the incidence of the latent carcinoma of the prostate found at autopsy of men after the age of fifty years. The material was studied by means of the "routine" and step-section techniques. The practical significance as well as the therapeutic consequences of this entity are discussed. PMID- 6524121 TI - [Abnormalities of the skeletal system in autopsied children]. AB - As a result of the autopsy reports of the Pathological Institute of Muhlhausen in the twenty-year period from 1960 to 1979 there were 4.8% (n = 180) malformations of the skeletal system among 4,561 autopsies of still-born and live-born children up to their 16th year of age. Club-foot was the most frequent malformation followed, with decreasing frequency, by inborn anomalies of the spinal column, syndactylia and polvdactylia as well as dysmelia. The malformations were classified and discussed according to nature, combinations and sex differences as well as with respect to territorial and time distribution. PMID- 6524123 TI - [Chronic Budd-Chiari syndrome caused by fibrotic stricture of the inferior vena cava]. AB - Author elaborates the case of a male patient, 49, who had chronic Budd-Chiari syndrome due to stricture caused by a valve in the vena cava inferior, and who bled to death as a result of the rupture of the oesophagus varix. In the 4-year course of his disease serious portal hypertension and extreme degree of ascites were most characteristic. In the light of special literature author treats the etiology of the disease, its clinical characteristics and diagnostic possibilities. Attention is directed to this rare but operable illness, since literature bears witness to the increasing number of successful operations in this field. PMID- 6524124 TI - [Chordoid sarcoma of the urinary bladder]. AB - A case report of a chordoid sarcoma of the urinary bladder of an 81 years old man is presented. After the first description of the extraskeletal chordoid sarcoma in 1948, this is the first report of the tumor of the urinary bladder. PMID- 6524125 TI - [Neuroendocrine carcinoma of the skin. Morphology and differential diagnosis based on 2 clinical cases]. AB - Two cases of neuroendocrine carcinomas of the skin were examined by light microscopic and electron microscopic methods. In both patients the disease showed an unusual course characterized by the occurrence of numerous and wide-spread skin nodules. Light microscopically, we found a uniform tumor tissue with trabecular, nest- or cord-like arrangement of cancer cells. At electron microscopic investigation, neurosecretory granules (dense-cored vesicles) were detected. These organelles had a diameter between 90 and 220 nm. Furthermore, small bundles of intermediate filaments and a well-developed Golgi system as well as numerous vesicular structures were recognized. Specialized cell junctions were lacking, tumor cell complexes were often enveloped by a basal lamina-like structure. The light microscopic and electron microscopic observations are in accordance with other reports. The relationship of neuroendocrine skin carcinomas to Merkel cells is discussed. However, we suggest an origin of these carcinomas from multipotent epithelial stem cells. The multicentric development in our cases, the tumor localization, and recent electron microscopic findings in basal cell carcinomas lend the basis for speculations on relations between neuroendocrine carcinomas and basal cell carcinomas of the skin. Lastly, the morphologic differential diagnosis of neuroendocrine carcinomas is presented. Special attention is called to the distinction from melanomas, lymphomas and other neuroendocrine tumors. In spite of the fact that neuroendocrine carcinomas of the skin are well defined and considered to be a clinico-pathologic entity there are some open questions concerning the tumor biology and histogenesis. PMID- 6524126 TI - [Malignant struma. With remarks on the use of the concept of precancerous conditions in strumas]. AB - Struma maligna raises some questions concerning carcinogenesis, precancerosis, as well as diagnosis, therapy and prognosis. Only little information can be obtained by evaluating morphological criteria. Usually exhibiting modest malignancy papillary carcinoma as well as C-cell-carcinoma of the thyroid deserve particular interest. With regard to the velocity of growth (organoid arrangement of tumour tissue), also folliculoid carcinoma (i.e. Struma Langhans) will differ from so called 'true' carcinomas characterized by a slower rate of growth. All other types of carcinoma, including sarcoma, represent tumours with rapid growth, accompanied by early formation of metastases.--In this connection all considerations concerning the usefulness of the so-called 'concept of pre cancerosis' for the thyroid are thought to be very important. Realizing an atypical adenoma seems to be promising in evaluating this concept. PMID- 6524127 TI - [Changes in thyroid gland surgery caused by nuclear medicine. Report of experiences on 32,743 thyroid operations]. AB - At the time of Th. Kocher surgery was the predominant therapy of thyroid diseases. Because of interdisciplinary cooperation, i.e. nuclear medicine, radiology and endocrinology the indication for surgical therapy has narrowed. However, this cooperation proved to be profitable to the treatment of thyroid carcinoma. Radionuclear diagnosis made elective operative procedures possible. On the other hand, extended surgery as radical neck dissection or resection of trachea and oesophagus can be performed. Successful treatment of thyroid carcinoma, in former times more or less by chance, is nowadays possible to a very high percentage. PMID- 6524128 TI - [Thymectomy in myasthenia gravis pseudoparalytica]. AB - From 1967 to 1982, 109 thymectomies were performed mainly in patients with moderate severity of the disease. The age of patients averaged 30,3 years. Operative lethality amounted to 2.7%. Another 4 patients died of the basic disease 6 months after the operation. During the subsequent course 70% of the patients showed a longlasting improvement after thymectomy, with complete recovery occurring in 23% and a significant amelioration in 40% of thymectomized patients. In another 32% there was a slight improvement of complaints. The best results could be observed in myasthenic patients with thymic hyperplasia whereas only a slight remission occurred after removing thymomas. 5 to 10 years after thymectomy the improvement rates remained approximately at the same level. Consequently, thymectomy can be regarded as a successful therapy in myasthenia gravis pseudoparalytica. PMID- 6524129 TI - [Mitral commissurotomy or mitral valve replacement. Comparison of results of closed and open operative procedures in acquired mitral valve stenoses and combined mitral valve defects, predominantly stenosis]. AB - 1012 closed operations for mitral stenoses, mitral restenoses and combined mitral and aortic stenoses were performed from 1963 to 1981. Moreover 888 operations were performed at the mitral valve from 1973 to October 1983 as open heart procedures: 676 cases of mitral valve replacement (MVR) including 7 cases of coronary artery operations; 4 cases both of mitral, aortic and tricuspidal valve replacement or mitral and tricuspidal valve replacement; 9 cases of valve reinsertion; 20 cases of open commissurotomy and 4 cases of annular plastic according to Wooler. The functional results after open operation are quite better than those after closed procedures. The rate of reoperations after MVR is only 3% but after closed operations more than 25%. In this way we believe the open operation to be the better way of treating acquired mitral stenosis. In our opinion the closed method may be used in cases of late pregnancy and in those centres having an insufficient capacity for open heart surgery to be performed. PMID- 6524130 TI - [Blunt arterial injuries--the need for carefulness as a responsibility of the physician]. PMID- 6524131 TI - [Indications and technic of functional fracture treatment with the Sarmiento brace]. AB - Fracture bracing is a way of conservative fracture treatment on the extremities, which avoids fracture disease by long-term immobilization. Indication is given in humerus shaft-, ulna shaft- and tibia or lower leg fractures, if there is no contraindication like angulation, shortening, muscle distraction or nerve injury. If these and other contraindications are taken into account, functional fracture bracing can be expected to be successful. PMID- 6524132 TI - [Treatment of knee joint empyema]. AB - This report deals with 42 patients suffering from purulent infections following aseptic operations, perforating soft tissue injuries or implantation of endoprostheses. By early revision of the joint in combination with gradually increasing physiotherapy (under medical supervision!) in all cases except endoprostheses the infection could be brought under control and a satisfactory functional result achieved. In all cases of infected endoprostheses the prosthesis could not be preserved, the infection of the knee-joint could only be cured by removing the foreign body and arthrodesis. PMID- 6524133 TI - [Late results in the treatment of subtalar dislocations]. AB - A follow-up study concerning arthrotic, ischemic and functional results was performed in 20 patients with subtalar luxations over an average of 13 years after the initial trauma. 13 patients showed good, 7 poor results according to Weber. 4 of these 7 patients were free of any complaints but showed reasonable arthrosis in both ankle joints as well as pathological scintigrams. Three cases operated upon showed poor functional results, two of them were primarily open, in one case the tendon of m. tibialis post. forced us to reduct openly. The best results could be obtained by immediate reduction and conservative treatment. PMID- 6524134 TI - [Splenorrhaphy]. AB - In 59 splenic injuries, with 2 of them being caused by penetrating abdominal trauma, and 57 caused by blunt abdominal trauma the feasibility of splenorrhaphy instead of splenectomy was evaluated. In 22 cases out of a total of 59 splenic tissue preventing intervention like splenorrhaphy and partial splenectomy could be practiced. PMID- 6524135 TI - [Radical prostatovesiculectomy in the treatment of prostate cancer. Indications, operative technic and personal results]. AB - Cancer of the prostate is the most common form of carcinoma in males of advanced age. If treated at an early stage, it can be healed by prostatovesiculectomy. Rectal prophylactic examination of all males aged 45 years or more should therefore be performed on a larger scale in order to detect these carcinomas as early as possible. Radical operation is indicated in males younger than 70 years old from stage T1 up to stages T3 and M0. Criteria vary in regard of the N categories. The surgical technique practiced in the perineal and retropubic approach to prostatovesiculectomy is described, advantages and disadvantages are dealt with. No complete urinary incontinence could be observed in the 20 patients who underwent this operation at our hospital. Only 1 patient suffers from severe stress-induced incontinence, all others experiencing no difficulty in this respect. In 2 cases rectal lesions occurred during the operation. Postsurgical strictures occurring in the region of the urethra-bladder anastomosis in 2 other patients could be eliminated by internal urethrotomy. Impotence is the most common complication following this operation. PMID- 6524136 TI - [Rupture of the common hepatic artery in Marfan syndrome]. PMID- 6524137 TI - [Cancer mortality in smaller regions with different structures and conditions of air quality]. AB - The study attempts a comparative evaluation of 5 Styrian regions as to their mortality rate of cancer in general as well as cancer of the respiratory system in particular. Regions were not established according to political or administrative districts; instead, communities from areas with homogeneous characteristics as to topography, climate, and air-quality were combined in regions. Among these 5 regions, 2 are industrial centers (region Voitsberg Koflach with 31.000 inh. and Aichfeld-Murboden with 45.000 inh.), 2 have low to average air pollution (Ausseerland with 13.000 inh. and Deutschlandsberg with 13.000 inh.), 1 is a city with appr. 247.000 inh. (Graz). The disadvantage of the small number of samples was compensated for by observing each region over a period of 11 years. The results clearly demonstrate that the region Voitsberg Koflach has a statistically significant high mortality rate both of cancer in general as well as of cancer of respiratory system in particular. The collected data provide ample ground for the assumption that environmental conditions are to a large degree responsible for the high mortality rate; this study will provide the basis for systematic investigations of its causes. PMID- 6524138 TI - [Dynamics of endogenous bacterial nitrite formation in the stomach. 1. Follow-up studies in humans under natural conditions]. AB - The fasting gastric secretion was analysed both bacteriologically and chemically in 15 young, voluntary test subjects with histories of a healthy stomach and physiological gastric secretion tests (Basal Acid Output, Peak Acid Output) made at regular intervals of two and 4 weeks over a period of three and six months. Two thirds of the persons studied showed during the entire period of examination the same pH values with tolerable variations and, as a result, the same order of magnitude for the total germ count, the colony count of the nitrite-forming bacteria and for the NO2- concentration. From this the conclusion can be drawn that, depending on the acidity of the individual stomach, there is an autonomous bacterial flora, which repeated examinations have shown to remain unaltered in quality and quantity. It was only in one third of the test persons that major variations of the pH values could be recorded occasionally. This, however, invariably led to corresponding changes in the bacteriological and chemical parameters. For requirements imposed by preventive medicine and hygiene, in future greater attention must be paid to the bacterial flora of the intact stomach, while making due allowance for the endogenous nitrite formation. PMID- 6524139 TI - [Biological effects of smog. VIII. Impulse cytophotometric cell cycle analysis of synchronized Syrian hamster kidney cell cultures (line 14-b)]. AB - Syrian hamster kidney cultures of line 14-1b were synchronized by excess of thymidine. Thereafter in the phase of DNA synthesis cell cultures were exposed to extract and fractions of city smog, derived from a polluted area at the river Rhine and Ruhr. Using impulscytophotometry and estimation of mitotic frequency cell cycle analyses were conducted on synchronized exposed and control cultures. The total extract obtained by methanol treatment of city smog was further fractionated by organic solvents leading to fractions of cyclohexane, polyaromates and propanol. Cell cycle progression of synchronized cultures was inhibited in a dose dependent manner by increasing concentration of city smog extract and its fractions. This inhibition led to a prolongation of DNA synthetic phase and to an accumulation of cells in G2(+ M)-phase. The total cell cycle showed a prolongation of 3-5 h. The strongest effect was induced by the total extract. We have to emphasize that already amounts of city smog which were found in air volumes of 2-5 m3 exerted strong effects. With a declining sequence of toxicity followed the fractions of cyclohexane, propanol and of polyaromates. Our results show, that samples of city smog from polluted areas contain substances which induce heavy alterations in cell cycle progression of mammalian cells in vitro. These highly effective toxic substances are dangerous for human health, especially after a long-time exposition. PMID- 6524140 TI - [Occurrence of phenolic compounds in the dust of swine stalls and henhouses]. AB - Dust-borne phenols and indols were extracted by ethanol from the sedimentation dust of two pig houses (finishing pigs on half slatted floor resp. piglets on deep litter) and a hen house (3-stage battery cages) and analysed by gas chromatography. In the dust of both pig houses 5 compounds (phenol, p-cresol, p ethylphenol, indole, skatole) and in the hen house 6 compounds (phenol, p-cresol, 2.6-dimethylamine, 3.4-dimethylamine, indole, skatole) were found. The total amounts of the phenolic compounds came to 275 microgram/g dust (finishing pigs), 111 micrograms/g dust (piglets) and 108 micrograms/g dust (hens). Quantitatively in the finishing pig house p-cresol is well to the fore (53% of the total amount), in the piglet house phenol is dominating (50%) and in the hen house 2.6 dimethylphenol dominates distinctly (83%). The sensory evaluation of the two pig houses showed that the odour intensity in the finishing pig house is distinctly higher than in the piglet house. It seems that the decrease of the odour intensity coincides with the decrease of p-cresol. The results show that animal house dust is an important carrier of trace gases including odorants. The possible influence of dustborne phenol and skatole on the animals is discussed with respect to respiratory affections. PMID- 6524141 TI - Occurrence of Salmonella in a chemical wastewater treatment plant. AB - In a chemical wastewater treatment plant located in a pig slaughterhouse, quantitative examinations for Salmonellae were carried out on samples collected from the balancing tank and the proper treatment system. The wastewater coming from the slaughterhouse (influent balancing tank) was highly contaminated: 0.95 log to 2.46 log Salmonellae per ml. During the storage of the wastewater in the balancing tank, the number of Salmonellae increased which resulted in a statistically higher contamination of the effluent. Two sources were detected, namely the sludge and the water from the balancing tank. From the sludge containing high numbers of Salmonellae, wastewater can be contaminated. On the other hand it was shown that at 18-20 degrees C (temperature of the wastewater in the balancing tank) a fast increase of Salmonella is possible in the wastewater. The reduction of Salmonella by chemical treatment process depended on the working pH. By a pH from 2.3 to 2.5, the mean minimal reduction was at least 4.84 log per ml. When the pH increased somewhat, the removal efficiency decreased to an average of 3.20 log per ml. PMID- 6524142 TI - [What should be the length and inner diameter of the testing device for microbiological efficacy testing of formaldehyde gas sterilization methods?]. AB - The series of tests described in a preceding publication (Spicher and Borchers, 1983) has been continued in a modified way. This time, the dependency of the microbiological test results of a formaldehyde gas sterilization procedure on length and inner diameter of the tubes serving as test pieces was examined. The tubes were 1 or 2 m in length with an inner diameter of 1 or 2 mm. The tests were performed with four different preparations of bioindicators. Spores of Bac. stearothermophilus served as test germs. The preparations differed in the type of suspension used for the preparation of the bioindicators: distilled water, diluted blood (10%), undiluted blood, 10% albumin solution. The spore suspensions had been dried on linen thread. During the test procedure, the bioindicators were located near the sealed end of the tube. After completion of the sterilization procedure, the bioindicators were examined for viable germs. In tubes of identical length, the frequency of indicators carrying viable germs was always higher in those of 1 mm than in those of 2 mm inner diameter. In tubes of identical inner diameter, the frequency of indicators carrying viable germs in those of 2 m length was always higher than in those of 1 m length. This regularity was independent of the type of bioindicators used. The bioindicators for the preparation of which a 10% albumin solution had been employed showed the highest resistance. A somewhat lower resistance was found for the bioindicators prepared with undiluted blood. The bioindicators for which the spores had been suspended in diluted blood proved to have the lowest resistance. If the spores had been suspended in distilled water, the resistance of the bioindicators was a little lower than that of those suspended in undiluted blood, but was higher than that of the dried spores with diluted blood. The test results confirm the effectiveness of the method proposed earlier, i.e. to deposit the bioindicators in special test pieces (e.g. tubes or sounds) for the microbiological testing of formaldehyde gas sterilization procedures. These test pieces must be at least as long and as narrow as the longest and narrowest cavity of the object to be sterilized (tubes, catheters). In order to standardize the microbiological testing of formaldehyde gas sterilization procedures and to guarantee a certain minimum efficiency, the bioindicator as well as the test piece and its size (length and inner diameter) should be standardized.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6524143 TI - Campylobacters in wading birds (Charadrii): incidence, biotypes and isolation techniques. AB - 311 birds from four species of the charadrii group were examined for the carriage of Campylobacter spp. Cloacal swabs or "washouts" were taken from birds captured by cannon netting and cultured using enrichment in Preston broth followed by plating onto Preston agar. Incubation of enrichment cultures for 48 h and of solid media for a minimum of 48 h is recommended for culture of avian faecal material. Of the birds examined, 222 were found to be carrying Campylobacter spp., 145 strains of which belonged to the C. jejuni/C. coli group. Of the four species examined, Oystercatcher were significantly more frequently associated with the carriage of C. jejuni biotype 1 than were the other three species (P less than 0.05). The high carriage rate of Campylobacter spp. coupled with the behaviour of this group of birds may have implications for human health. PMID- 6524144 TI - [Residues of disinfectants in hospital sewage]. AB - All of 67 samples of sewage, taken at different points from the sewers of the Bonn University hospitals, contained phenolic substances in concentrations ranging from 0.09 mg/l to 5.05 mg/l. About 0.15 mg/l might be caused by human excretion of phenolics. Six samples contained free formaldehyde (2.72-28.38 mg/l), five samples chlorine (0.1 to 1 mg/l). In the main sewer of the hospitals the substances were diluted, but a measurable concentration reached the communities sewage lines. There were no characteristic diurnal changes of the concentrations. Measurements of biological oxygen demand (BOD) in native and artificially prepared sewages using o Sapromat showed, that pure phenol, o phenylphenol, chlorine and formaldehyde in concentrations as found do not reduce the biologic decomposition. With the exception of chlorine, the substances seem to be integrated into the aerobic microbial decomposition. 3,4 chlorcresol, instead, is able to retard the begin and reduce the amount of decomposition in concentrations, which were found as maximal concentrations for phenolic substances in the sewage samples. Two of 67 samples with the highest concentrations of disinfectants revealed measurable toxity in form of a BOD reduction. The other samples, instead, showed a faster microbiological decomposition than comparable artificial sewage. PMID- 6524145 TI - [Testing of mucosa disinfection methods in the mouth and throat. 1. Effect of chlorhexidine gluconate and PVP-iodine on alpha-hemolytic streptococci]. AB - A method for testing a throat antiseptic procedure is described. As indicator bacteria alpha-hemolytic streptococci were chosen. Povidone-Iodine and Chlorhexidindigluconate (0.5% and 0.1%) and aqua dest. as control substance were tested by a mouthwash technique. The best reduction of alpha-hemolytic streptococci could be detected after mouthwashing by 0.5% Chlorhexidindigluconate (1.4 log reduction), whereas by Povidone-Iodine a reduction of 0.85 log steps was achieved. PMID- 6524147 TI - [Isolation of Yersinia enterocolitica from drinking water in South Bavaria]. AB - 2429 samples of drinking water supplies in South Bavaria were examined for Yersinia between October 1982 and March 1983. Yersinia enterocolitica was isolated from 82 of 1650 samples of central water supplies and from 42 of 779 samples of decentralized water supplies. Only three of these strains were serotype O3 but indole-positive and different by that from the indole-negative human pathogenic serotype O3 which is most frequent in Western Europe. No strain was serotype O9. Y.e. was more often isolated from water samples which were objected according to the German drinking water decree to contain Escherichia coli, coliforms or increased colony counts. This points thereupon that Y.e. do not originally belong to the saprophytic soil bacteria but reaches the drinking water subsequently by fecal pollution. As compared with ENDO-Agar, CIN-Agar was found the preferable medium with a three times higher isolation rate. In addition, Y. intermedia and Y. frederiksenii were isolated from 20 and 23 samples respectively. PMID- 6524146 TI - [Microbiological studies of ground water polluted with hydrocarbons. 1. Quantitative and qualitative distribution of bacterial populations]. AB - The groundwater, polluted with hydrocarbons, showed large cell numbers during one year of examination: 10(3)-10(4) CFU/ml grown on N-agar after 5 days at 20 degrees C, 10(4)-10(5) CFU/ml grown on water-agar after 8 weeks at 20 degrees C and total cell numbers of 10(5)-10(7)/ml. The bacteria, which were isolated from N-agar, were chiefly Pseudomonas, Flavobacterium, Acinetobacter, and other gramnegative species, Arthrobacter and Bacillus as members of grampositive bacteria. Furthermore the following "physiological' groups were found in the groundwater: ammonium-oxidizing bacteria (MPN 10(1)-10(2)/ml), sulfur-oxidizing bacteria (MPN 10(1)-10(4)/ml), nitrate-reducing bacteria (MPN 10(3)-10(6)/ml), denitrifying bacteria (MPN 10(1)-10(4)/ml), spores of aerobe spore-forming bacteria (2-30/ml), spores of anaerobe spore-forming bacteria (0.2-0.4/ml), manganese-oxidizing bacteria (10(3)-10(4) CFU/ml) and Actinomycetes (0.1-1.0 CFU/ml). PMID- 6524148 TI - [Problems of ethics in research and practice in reproduction medicine]. AB - The methods in management of infertility with manipulating of gametes require new ethical positions. In GDR artificial donor insemination, in vitro fertilisation and embryo transfer are ethically accepted because they are important possibilities for accomplishment of life in a childless partnership. The problems with egg and embryo donation, surrogate mother and other new methods are discussed. PMID- 6524149 TI - [Sperm anomalies and their significance for the diagnosis of spermatogenesis disorders]. AB - In this paper, morphological abnormalities of spermatozoa in the seminal fluid smear are described. An advantageous classification seems to be recommended: disturbances of the head, the cap, the midpiece, and the tail. The knowledge of intratesticular spermatogenetic processes and their disorders in certain phases of sensitivity enables the description of the disturbances of the spermium itself and beyond a systematical classification of pathological spermatozoon formation in relation to the kind or to the period of their origin. We recommend this method of sterility diagnosis as a alternative method to the testicular biopsy, because the last investigation is loading the patient. PMID- 6524150 TI - [Effect of maternal anxiety (unrest) on the health status of the fetus]. AB - The aim of our study was to clarify the question, to what extent the anxiety of the gravida during gestation is capable to influence the fetal condition.--For that reason, besides of a statistical analysis of a standardized interview the basal heart frequency and the reaction in a non-stress CTG over 20 min has been examined. The data of 101 women between the 36th and 42nd week of gestation were included. The age of our patients ranged from 20 to 30 years.--For assessment of the degree of anxiety we used the STAI X-1 test (questionnaire for self assessment of anxiety as condition and characteristically personal property, resp.). Cases of pathologic gestation were excluded by history and a carefully clinical examination. No significant correlations between the level of anxiety and fetal condition could be demonstrated. We detected only a slight tendency of decreasing heart-rate variability and increasing frequency of accelerations in the CTG, as well as an increase of active fetal movements with a raising maternal level of anxiety. PMID- 6524151 TI - [Diversity of symptoms in uterine rupture]. AB - We analyzed 5 cases of uterine rupture observed in our clinic in the last 8 years (= 0.36 per 1000 deliveries) because spontaneously appearing ruptures of a normal uterus often have symptoms which may mislead our efforts like amniotic fluid infusion or clotting defects. All our 5 cases were multiparous women, in 4 cases oxytocic drugs were applied and only in one case there was a histologic damage of the myometrium. In no case classic sharp pain and cessation of contractions could be observed, only in one case painful abdomen and tenderness of the uterus. On the other hand shock could be seen in every case, vaginal bleeding in 4 cases and alteration of fetal heart frequency in 3 of 4 cases with primary living fetus. The different symptoms may occur as to time in a variable sequence. Therefore the right diagnosis is made often very late. In accordance with the literature a digital control of the uterine cavity is proposed in every case of an acute event during childbirth, especially evidence of shock, also if another diagnosis than rupture of the uterus is more probable. PMID- 6524152 TI - [A case of intrauterine fetal retardation with polycythemia in a patient with a pacemaker]. AB - A case of intrauterine fetal growth retardation with polycythemia is reported on a newborn whose mother was treated five years before pregnancy by an artificial external fixed-rate pacemaker because of complete atrioventricular block with right bundle-branch block and Adams-Stokes syndrome. Obviously fixed-rate pacemaker does not meet all necessities of pregnancy. Therefore in young women who wish to have children only demand pacemaker with programmable frequency are supposed to be used. They may be better for the requirements of systemic and uterine circulation in pregnancy. PMID- 6524153 TI - Characterization of Campylobacter jejuni/coli-isolates from human faeces. AB - Campylobacter jejuni/coli strains were isolated from the faeces of 240 patients suffering from acute enteritis. The following characteristics were investigated: (i) growth at different temperatures, and on different substrates under either microaerophilic conditions or anaerobically, with fumarate or nitrate as terminal electron acceptors; (ii) production of H2S in cysteine-containing broth; (iii) hydrolysis of hippuric acid; (iv) DNase; (v) alkaline phosphatase; (vi) beta lactamase; (vii) presence of menaquinone; and (viii) reduction of selenite. Based on characteristics (ii)-(v), the strains could be divided in 9 phenotypical groups. Most of the strains represented group 2 (DNase+, H2S+, hippurate hydrolysis+, alk. phosphatase-) (32%), and groups 8 (DNase-, H2S+, hippurate hydrolysis+, alk. phosphatase-) (32%). The other groups were of minor importance. On the other hand, most of the isolates from the United States (Weaver, 1981) fitted well into group 1 (DNase+, H2S+, hippurate hydrolysis+, alk. phosphatase+) which might demonstrate geographical variations among C. jejuni/coli. PMID- 6524154 TI - Evaluation of the leptospiral protein-free medium. AB - Bey and Johnson's leptospiral protein-free medium is evaluated and some modifications to it are introduced. Different serovars have shown good growth in this medium, but generally it is necessary to adapt it before obtaining success. When adapted, the serovars, subcultured serially, have a long term survival, with a good bacterial density. Some serovars, such as tarassovi and grippotyphosa exhibited irregular results. PMID- 6524155 TI - Degradation of Citrobacter O-Serogroup Ci23Vi+ murein with Vi phages. AB - Dialysable products resulting from the digestion of the Citrobacter O-Serogroup Ci23Vi+ murein with Vi phages show a decrease of their reducing power/muropeptides. It is accompanied with an increase of free amino groups amount/muropeptide when compared to the one obtained after the lysozyme treatment. It leads to a suggestion, that Vi phage particles possess two enzyme activities: "lysozyme-like" and deacetylase which might be a transacetylase. PMID- 6524156 TI - [The tenacity of Mycoplasma bovis]. AB - The survival of Mycoplasma bovis was examined on or in different sterilized carriers which normally may have contact to cows (sponge, cotton, wire, glass, wood, straw, tap water, milk). At 4 degrees C M. bovis survived on sponges 57 days, in milk 54 and in Mycoplasma medium for 50 days. At 20 degrees C survival time was 1 to 2 weeks, at 37 degrees C 1 week. PMID- 6524157 TI - [Effect of iron on Pasteurella multocida]. AB - Iron is an important factor for growth, virulence and immunogenicity of the species Pasteurella multocida. This has been demonstrated in numerous experiments with bacterial cultures in vitro and immunized and not immunized animals in vivo (mice, piglets, calves). Iron substrates or iron chelators affect in different manner the virulence of P. multocida in vivo, depending on chemical character of the given compounds, their dose, route and time of application, and also depending on the host. P. multocida has an up to time unknown iron transport system, which can acquire the essential iron from physiological substances, such as heme, ferritine, transferrine, lactoferrine etc. This conclusion results from in vitro experiments with growing cultures, with insertion of radioactive iron (Fe-59) from different sources, and with iron solubilization in neutral pH ranges. In the same way, the iron of iron dextran and low molecular iron compounds is available for P. multocida. Iron of unphysiological complexes, potassium ferrocyanide, and ferrocene is unavailable. On the other side such iron chelating agents as nitrilotriacetate, tirone, ferrocene, citrate, EDTA, and apotransferrine do not or only a little affect growth, and such chelators as alpha, alpha'-dipyridyle, phenanthroline and the microbial siderophores deferrioxamin B and enterobactin are inhibitory substances for multiplication of P. multocida. This substances also inhibit the insertion of Fe-59 into the bacterial cell. The conclusion is drawn that neither enterobactin nor deferrioxamine B as typical representatives of phenolate or hydroxamate siderophores take part in Fe-transport of P. multocida. PMID- 6524158 TI - Genetic characterization of influenza A viruses isolated from birds in Israel. A contribution to the ecology of avian influenza viruses. PMID- 6524159 TI - Isolation of mononuclear cells from the peripheral blood of camels (Camelus dromedarius). PMID- 6524160 TI - [Effect of rhythmic and tonic stimulation on the neuronal activity of the olfactory bulb in the newt Triturus cristatus]. AB - Studies have been made of the dependence of neuronal reactions in the olfactory bulb of the newt on the pattern of presentation of a test solution (glutamine 10( 5) M) into the nasal cavity. Responses to stimulation at a frequency 6/min (which corresponds to the minimal rhythm of normal buccal movements) varied in the intensity and sign. The peak of excitation was usually observed after the 2nd or the 3rd stimuli. The increase of stimulation frequency up to 12-24/min increased the number of the inhibitory reactions and the intensity of inhibition. Replacement of rhythmic flow by a constant one results in inhibition of 34% of neurones which reacted by activation to the rhythmic series of 6/min. The data obtained are discussed in relation to the pattern of olfactory perception in newts under natural conditions. PMID- 6524161 TI - [Iron metabolism and erythropoiesis in the prenatal and early postnatal periods of the rat]. AB - Spectrophotometric studies have been made on iron balance in the liver, spleen, bone marrow, and blood serum of 15-, 17- and 20-day rat embryos, as well as 1-90 days old rats. It was shown that foetal period is the main one for the formation of iron-accumulating function of the liver. Anaemic period in 14-28-day rat puppies results from insufficient hemoglobin synthesis, rather than from iron deficiency in the organism. The latter is observed in 35-60-days old rats. Maturation of the spleen as the organ involved in reutilization of iron was noted in 42-60-day rats. PMID- 6524163 TI - [Action of Vibrio cholerae enterotoxin on microorganisms]. AB - The damaging of V. cholerae enterotoxin on anaerobic dehydrogenases of different species of opportunistic microorganisms has been revealed. Experiments, carried out both in vivo and in vitro, have shown that under certain conditions this enterotoxin may act as one of the factors of the intra- and interspecific antagonism of bacteria. PMID- 6524162 TI - [DNA synthesis in various sections of the brain and in the liver of the rat in early postnatal ontogeny]. AB - The intensity of 3H-thymidine incorporation in DNA, as well as DNA content of the liver, brain stem, cerebellum, and neocortical tissues have been investigated in 1-32 days old rats. It was shown that the kinetics of the studied parameters is principally different in the tissues investigated. PMID- 6524164 TI - [Assessment of the importance of certain properties for the virulence of Vibrio cholerae and the detection of their correlations]. AB - The study of 65 V. cholerae strains and mutants with different biological characteristics has revealed that their virulence directly correlates with their sensitivity to diagnostic cholera phages, lecithnase activity, viability and inversely correlates with their hemolytic activity. The role of lecithinase activity in a number of properties linked with cholerigenicity has been shown. Inverse correlation between the hemolytic activity of V. cholerae and some properties of this organism has been detected. The characteristics under study have been divided into 3 groups in accordance with correlations between them. PMID- 6524165 TI - [Prevention of the chronic persistence of typhoid microbes in rabbits with thymostimulin]. AB - Typhoid infection was reproduced by introducing the infective agent into the bone marrow of noninbred rabbits. After the injection of thymostimulin on the first day of infection the release of typhoid bacilli continued for 1-3 weeks; when thymostimulin was injected on day 20, the release of typhoid bacilli stopped in two weeks. In the control group the release of typhoid bacilli continued during the whole term of observation. The injection of thymostimulin at an early period after infection was thus found to prevent the development of chronic typhoid infection with the elimination of the infective agent from the body of rabbits. PMID- 6524166 TI - [Streptococcus pneumoniae multiplication in the allantoic cavity of developing chick embryos]. AB - The possibility of the active multiplication of S. pneumoniae (serotypes 1, 3, 6 and 19) in the allantoic cavity of chick embryos has been demonstrated. This multiplication is accompanied by the development of characteristic changes whose intensity and time of manifestation have been found to depend on the infective dose and the age of the embryo. The accumulation of S. pneumoniae in the allantoic cavity of chick embryos in the absence of visible changes in the biological properties of the infective agent after 5 successive subcultures makes it possible to recommend chick embryos as a model for the study of experimental pneumococcal infection. PMID- 6524167 TI - [Sensitivity of different morphological variants of Leptospira to the leptospirocidal activity of normal animal sera]. AB - The leptospirocidal activity of normal animal sera with respect to 23 Leptospira strains was experimentally studied in vitro. 91.3% of the strains under study proved to be sensitive to the lytic action of cattle serum and 86.9%, to sheep serum. The uncinate variants of the pathogenic strains showed resistance to the action of the above sera, and their nonuncinate analogs were subject to agglutination with subsequent lysis, similarly to saprophytes. PMID- 6524168 TI - [Intracellular neutralization of bacteriophage T4 by antiphagic serum]. AB - Specific antiserum, introduced into the spheroplasts of Escherichia coli B infected with bacteriophage T4, has been shown to neutralize phage particles formed within the cells. PMID- 6524169 TI - [Persistence of Mycoplasma arthritidis in the body of mice of different strains]. AB - Mice belonging to 3 strains were shown to differ greatly in their sensitivity to M. arthritidis. This organism persisted for a year in (C57BL/6 X A/Sn)F1 mice, for 6 weeks in BALB/c mice and for 1-3 weeks in C57BL/6 mice. The sensitivity of mice to M. arthritidis infection and the persistence of the infective agent in the organs of the animals were found to depend on the state of their cell mediated immunity. PMID- 6524170 TI - [Epidemiological assessment of the microbial contamination of the breast milk of healthy women]. AB - The qualitative and quantitative composition of the microflora of human milk has been studied. The dynamics of the occurrence of different microorganisms constituting the microflora at different periods of lactation has been established. The connection between the appearance of septic purulent infections in infants and the microbial contamination of milk has been revealed. The presence of Staphylococcus aureus in human milk in an amount of 500 microbial cells/ml has been found to constitute no menace to healthy infants. PMID- 6524171 TI - [Cellular and humoral immunity factors in salmonellosis and food toxinfections]. AB - The present work deals with the state of cell-mediated and humoral immunity in 129 patients with salmonellosis and 185 patients with alimentary toxicoinfections, determined from the data obtained in the leukocyte migration inhibition (LMI) test and the passive hemagglutination (PHA) test with cysteine, at different stages of the disease and depending on the severity of the infectious process. The results of these investigations showed that in adult salmonellosis patients the specific reaction of T- and B-lymphocytes developed as secondary immune response. The results of the LMI test proved to be unrelated to the severity of the infectious process, while antibody formation was found to be most intensive in the acute course of the disease. The investigations also revealed that the activity of reaction in the LMI est did not depend on the presence of humoral antibodies. In the patients with alimentary toxicoinfections changes in the results of the LMI test and the PHA test with cysteine showed the same regularities as in the salmonellosis patients. This permitted the authors to suggest that diseases of Salmonella etiology prevailed in the former group. PMID- 6524172 TI - [Immunological characteristics of the cellular components of Brucellae]. AB - Low-molecular glucopeptide stimulated protection against brucellosis without the accumulation of complete antibodies and the increase of skin sensitivity. Water insoluble lipopolysaccharide, though inducing the intensive synthesis of circulating antibodies and moderately pronounced delayed hypersensitivity, did not stimulate protection against brucellosis. This suggests that the cellular mechanisms and among them the system of mononuclear phagocytes, play the leading role in immunity to brucellosis. PMID- 6524173 TI - [Relation of Salmonella typhi and Salmonella gallinarum auxotrophicity to the ability to grow on Simmons' medium]. AB - A total of 9 S. typhi strains and 1 S. gallinarum strain isolated from clinical material are auxotrophic with respect to tryptophan. The growth of S. typhi is accelerated in a glucose- and tryptophan-containing minimal medium with cysteine and methionine added. S. typhi strains are incapable of using sodium citrate as the only source of carbon. S. typhi cannot grow on Simmons citrate agar as these organisms are auxotrophic with respect to tryptophan and incapable of using sodium citrate as the only source of carbon, and S. gallinarum cannot grow on this medium as they are auxotrophic with respect to tryptophan. PMID- 6524174 TI - [Pneumococcal serotypes in various diseases of children]. AB - The serotyping of pneumococci isolated from different material obtained from children aged 0 to 11 years was carried out. Out of 156 patients with different diseases, hospitalized in two clinics in Moscow during February-May 1983, pneumococci were isolated from 67 patients (43%). The isolated pneumococcal strains belonged to 11 serotypes. Pneumococci of serotypes 3, 6, 9 and 19 were shown to occur most frequently in different diseases and constituted 50% of the isolated strains. The inoculation of the material by the quantitative method permitted the authors to find out the role of pneumococci as the etiological factor in the pathogenesis of some diseases. A certain dependence of diversity in the types of isolated pneumococci on the age of sick children was noted. Almost all isolated strains were found to be sensitive to penicillin, ampicillin and benzylpenicillin. But a few individual strains were sensitive only to one of these antibiotics. The data on some biological properties of pneumococci cultivated on solid culture media are presented. PMID- 6524175 TI - [Changes in the population composition of the peripheral blood lymphocytes and the humoral immune response of persons inoculated with live influenza vaccines]. AB - Live influenza vaccines prepared from influenza virus strains H/32/5 (H1N1) and H/1/2/17 (H3N2) induce the formation of humoral immunity only in a part of the vaccinees and cause the transitory quantitative deficiency of T-lymphocytes in their blood, resulting in the poorly pronounced booster effect of the subsequent revaccination. PMID- 6524176 TI - [Early diagnosis and differentiation of Charcot-Marie neural atrophy]. AB - On the basis of examination of 112 patients with Charcot-Marie-Tooth's neural amyotrophy, the differentiation between the classical form and atypical variants of the disease is carried out. The authors describe the diagnostic tests of the early diagnosis of the disease with the use of electromyographic, thermographic and histochemical methods of examination. PMID- 6524177 TI - [Correlation between the results of traditional electromyographic studies and frequency analysis of the EMG and the severity of the clinical manifestations of muscular dystrophy]. AB - A study of 95 children with progressive muscular dystrophy showed an association between the disease severity and electromyographic changes. Both visual processing of the electromyogram and an automatic analysis were used. The latter gives the possibility to diagnose the disease and to establish its severity immediately after the study. PMID- 6524178 TI - [Secondary changes in the hip joints of children with progressive muscular dystrophy]. AB - The authors state that a marked hypotonia of the lower extremity muscles in children with progressive muscular dystrophy may lead to the development of secondary dislocations and semi-dislocations of the femur, which were detected in 18 of the 32 patients examined. Most of the patients had Werdnig-Hoffmann's spinal amyotrophy which was related to an especially gross muscular hypotonia. PMID- 6524179 TI - [Late results of pregnancy and labor in myasthenia patients]. AB - The results of a follow-up study involving 55 parous myasthenic patients and their offspring (a total of 63 births) are presented. The observation period lasted from 5 to 20 years after delivery. Of all the children born to these parents, two died immediately after birth. The remaining children show no signs of asthenia, their development being normal for their age. Persistent aggravation of the patients' status was noted in women with pregnancy-provoked myasthenia, with severe generalized forms of progressive myasthenia and with "thymonegative" variants of the disease. PMID- 6524180 TI - [Positive therapeutic effect of diacarb in the syndrome of progressive muscle spasms, alopecia and diarrhea (Satoyoshi syndrome)]. AB - A 13-year-old girl with Satoyoshi's syndrome is described. The disease manifested itself with generalized cramps, myoclonus, alopecia, diarrhea, growth retardation, muscular hypertrophies, bone malformations, and uterine and gonadal aplasia in the presence of normally developed breasts. Acetazolamide therapy led to a considerable alleviation of cramps and myoclonuses. The child's father displayed gynecomasty, muscular hypertrophy, patent palate, early alopecia and intensified lumbar lordosis; as a child she had had marked cramps in the leg muscles. The examination of the karyotype in the proband and father revealed heteromorphism with regard to the central region of the 22nd chromosome in both cases. Differential staining of the chromosomes failed to show the deletion of any fragment of this chromosome which made it possible to consider this karyotype peculiarity as a variant of the norm. PMID- 6524181 TI - [Neurophysiologic and clinical aspects of intranatal fetal hibernation]. AB - On the basis the results of the study on the state of the fetus in 96 physiological parturitions (using a number of clinical and physiological techniques) and analysis of the literature data concerning changes in the parturient-placenta-fetus system and especially of the levels of a number of biologically active substances and the investigation of their physiological properties, the proposition is substantiated that in parturition, particularly at its second stage, the fetus is in the state of profound hybernation. The question is discussed concerning differential diagnosis of the status of intranatal hybernation of the fetus and other conditions (asphyxia, shock of the newborn, etc.). The study is of importance for perinatology, clinical neurology of the neonatal period, obstetrics and evolutional physiology. PMID- 6524182 TI - [Diagnosis of syndromes of nervous system lesions from ratios of the voltage-time curves of central and motor responses of the muscles of the leg and foot]. AB - The study was conducted in two age groups of normal subjects (adolescents and youths aged 16-21 years and 24-40 year-old adults) and in three groups of patients: (1) with alpha-pyramidal deficiency; (2) with gamma-pyramidal syndrome, and (3) with syndromes of damage to the peripheral nervous system and the segmental apparatus of the spinal cord. Each group of those studied was shown to be characterized by peculiar correlations of the voltage-time curves of the central and motor responses of the musculus soleus and the muscles of the sole to electrical stimulation of the tibial nerve. The correlation of these curves is suggested to be used as an electrophysiological index for the diagnosis of the subclinical forms of the above syndromes. PMID- 6524183 TI - [Odontogenic trigeminal neuralgia]. AB - On the basis of examining 65 patients in whom neuralgia of the trigeminal nerve was associated with pathology of the dento-maxillary system, the authors have developed differential diagnostic criteria and the pathogenetically substantiated treatment of odontogenic neuralgia of the trigeminal nerve. PMID- 6524184 TI - [Electromyography in the diagnosis and evaluation of the efficacy of treatment of injuries of the median and ulnar nerves in children]. AB - Examination of 28 children following the primary and secondary sutures of the median and ulnar nerves as well as their autoplasty, neuroysis and endoneurolysis showed the presence of a certain regularity in the regeneration of the nerve neuromuscular synapses system after the primary suture of the nerve in the region of the inferior one-third of the forearm as well as after neurolysis and endoneurolysis. Following the autoplasty of defects in excess of 5 cm and the localization of the lesion in the region of the elbow joint and the superior one third of the forearm, the regularity was disrupted. There was no correlation between the clinical parameters and the stimulation EMG data. PMID- 6524185 TI - [The adaptation syndrome and causes of exacerbation in rheumatoid arthritis]. AB - The electron neuromyography (ENMG) and clinical data were studied in 70 patients with rheumatoid arthritis during an exacerbation and remission. The pathologically changed ENMG data disagreed with subjective and clinical improvement seen during the remission. The patients' condition out of rheumatoid arthritis exacerbation is considered as a syndrome of unstable adaptation. Frequent exacerbations of rheumatoid arthritis are supposed to depend on unstability of the adaptation mechanisms during a remission. PMID- 6524186 TI - [Causes and conditions for the development of protracted neuroses]. AB - The follow-up findings were studied in 102 patients with long-standing (2-17 years) neuroses (neurasthenia, 49 cases, hysterical neurosis, 53 cases) and compared with those in 40 patients with acute forms of these diseases. The results of the study point out to factors predisposing to an unfavourable course of the illness. Ii is noted that in most cases, protracted neuroses develop in individuals with definite personality characteristics and numerous variants of "biological insufficiency", such as aggravated heredity, frequent colds in childhood, attendant somatic pathology, etc. Some risk factors have been emphasized including a prolonged influence of psychotraumatic circumstances on these patients, their late application for help to the psychiatrist and late initiation of the adequate treatment. PMID- 6524187 TI - [Residual states in the clinical picture of neuroses]. AB - A study of the clinical picture of residual disturbances in 90 patients with various forms of neuroses showed that residual neurotic states are a regular stage of the timecourse of protracted neuroses with a favourable course. At this stage the differences between individual forms of neuroses become less conspicuous. Mild, fragmented clinical manifestations are presented in the form of two types: a monosymptomatic and a more complicated polysymptomatic one. The latter type of residual states is more dynamic which is reflected in both a tendency to their reduction and transformation into a monosymptomatic state and a possibility of a neurotic relapse. PMID- 6524188 TI - [Comparative study of the clinical dynamics of neuroses with variable expression of the hypochondriacal syndrome]. AB - A comparative clinico-statistical study of 149 neurotic patients revealed the distinctive characteristics of the clinical time-course of neuroses with marked hypochondriac disturbances. These were expressed in the specific premorbid features, "a reactive form" of neurosis, the presence of paroxysmal psychovegetative disorders, the symptoms pathognomonic for a given form of neurosis, and the characterological reactions in the initial period. In patients without hypochondriac emotions, the initial period was determined by astheno depressive reactions. In the subsequent stages of the disease this difference became less prominent and was expressed only in the predominance in patients with hypochondriac disturbances of such features as egocentrism, reticence, weakness, fatigability, and importunity. PMID- 6524189 TI - [Clinico-psychological analysis of the complaints of patients with neurotic and neurosis-like conditions (based on material from a general-somatic hospital)]. AB - To study the patient's insight into the disease, the authors have reviewed the results of the follow-up of 366 patients with such somatic illnesses as coronary heart disease, essential hypertension, gastric and duodenal ulcers, chronic non specific colitis, bronchial asthma, and chronic pneumonia. Four types of complaints have been identified, including (1) concrete-sensitive; (2) affective; (3) conceptualizing; and (4) evaluative-esthetising. These complaints were established to depend on the development of the psychological defense mechanisms. The data obtained are necessary not only for solving the questions of the differential diagnosis and multimodality therapy but also complying with the principles of medical deontology in the work of the physician of a general somatic hospital, encountering borderline psychopathologic disturbances. PMID- 6524190 TI - [Relation between the psychological circumstances of treatment and the fixed attitudes of neurotic patients]. AB - A correlational statistical study of 97 patients with neuroses and 26 patients without neurosis recovering after a successful kidney transplantation (control group) was carried out to examine the doctor-patient relations, attitudes to the therapy, emotional stress, behavioural eccentricity, neurotic complaints and fixed attitudes toward important individuals. It was found that the reactions of the neurotic patients more often reflected the personality characteristics rather than those of the situation. The attitude to therapy in these patients correlated positively with the doctor-patient relations. PMID- 6524191 TI - [Clinical features of asthenic conditions in young persons]. AB - On the basis of examining 293 young patients (predominantly individuals with intelectual occupations) with asthenia the authors have established the clinical characteristics of asthenic states of various genesis. Psychogenic asthenias, asthenias in patients with a history of a craniocerebral injury and so-called adaptation asthenias are described in greater detail. The data obtained are important for the diagnosis, treatment and prophylaxis of the asthenic syndrome of variable genesis. PMID- 6524192 TI - [Reactive states among psychopathic personalities of different clinical groups]. AB - On the basis of a clinical follow-up of 71 psychopaths with manifestations of reactive psychosis, the authors established the clinico-typological characteristics of both groups of pathology and the system of correlations between them. They also described the structure of the psychopathic and psychogenic syndromes, the type of psychopathic personality reaction and the form of psychogenic responses and proved statistically their close interrelationship. Data were obtained on some general regularities of interrelations of reactive psychoses with a psychopathic background which are important for the prognosis, prophylaxis and therapy of reactive states. PMID- 6524193 TI - [Features of psychic infantilism as a risk factor for the development of psychopathy]. AB - The characteristics of psychic infantilism and its role in delinquent deviations of the behaviour were studied in 96 patients with borderline disturbances under conditions of day-time hospitalization. Immaturity and incomplete formation of the personality as well as various levels of psychic infantilism were shown to play a definite role in behavioural deviations of patients with borderline disturbances. A definite relationship was found between the compensation of psychic infantilism features and a decrease in the level of delinquent manifestations. Readaptation stages were identified in the treatment of patients with manifestations of partial infantilism, which helped to achieve a positive clinical time-course. PMID- 6524194 TI - [Role of microsocial conditions in the development of the psychopath-like syndrome in adolescents with early residual-organic brain lesions]. AB - The authors studied 150 adolescents aged 12-15 years with the psychopath-like syndrome associated with an early residual-organic cerebral damage. The adolescents were divided into 2 groups according to whether the psychopathlike disturbances took the form of (a) emotional instability or (b) explosiveness. It has been established that the formation of various forms of the psychopath like behaviour is determined by pathogenic microsocial factors. The data obtained are used for amending recommendations on the prophylaxis and correction of psychopathlike disorders in adolescents with residual-organic cerebral lesions. PMID- 6524195 TI - [Effect of various factors on the rate of mental activity during training (the problem of aging)]. AB - The author analyzes the effect of such factors as education, age and the health status on the rate of mental processes under training. Different educational levels are reflected in young and middle-aged individuals in clear-cut differences in terms of their capacity for work which is not so for the older age group. In conditions of training the overwhelming portion of the trainees show an identical level of progress, yet the proportion of individuals with psychophysical retardation tends to increase with age. In principle, the rate of learning may be trained in all age groups, yet in older individuals, the learning processes are less expressed and consistent. Patients with cerebral atrophy exhibit little progress in learning and irregularly changing parameters of the capacity for work. PMID- 6524196 TI - [Concerning the article by Iu. N. Aver'ianov, A. F. Fordienko and Ch. N. Krotov, "Indomethacin-sensitive variant of migraine neuralgia"]. PMID- 6524197 TI - [Visual evoked potentials among parkinsonism patients in the older age groups]. AB - Using an ATAC 501-20 system and an RM-85 polygraph manufactured by Nihon-Cogden, visual evoked potentials (VEP) were examined in 60 middle-aged and senile patients with parkinsonism and also in 40 clinically healthy age-matched test subjects. Three major types of the response configuration were identified. The authors established a lengthening of the latent periods of the majority of the VEP components in the patients with parkinsonism which was combined with a reduction in the age differences characteristic of these parameters in clinically normal subjects. Parkinsonism was also associated with opposite changes in the amplitudes of the early (an increase) and the late (a decrease) components of VEP. PMID- 6524198 TI - [Possible significance of the gastrointestinal "steal" syndrome in experimental cerebral ischemia]. AB - The authors studied the clinical manifestations of cerebral ischemia induced by the ligation of the right common carotid artery and by a 3-minute ligation of the left carotid artery in two groups of clawed jirds: 28 animals on the usual diet and 34 animals which were given the usual meal 2-3 hours prior to the operation after 24 hours of fasting. The clinical manifestations of cerebral ischemia were more significantly pronounced in the second group. This group was also characterized by a more marked hyperemia of the gastrointestinal tract as shown both macro- and microscopically. It is suggested that a more severe course of ischemia in this group of animals is induced by the redistribution of the blood into the bed of the gastrointestinal arteries, which leads to a decrease in the cerebral blood content and aggravated conditions of the collateral blood supply in cases of brain ischemization. PMID- 6524199 TI - [Tomography based on the nuclear magnetic resonance effect in neurology]. AB - On the basis of the preliminary results of their own studies and the literature data, the authors evaluated the diagnostic possibilities of NMR tomography in some diseases involving the brain. The physical basic principles of the method and the major regimens of examination are described. NMR tomography versus computer-aided tomography was shown to be more informative in the diagnosis of pathological processes in the formations of the posterior fossa of the cranium, craniovertebral junction and also in demyelinizing diseases. PMID- 6524200 TI - [Progressive supranuclear ophthalmoplegia (Steele-Richardson-Olszewski)]. AB - Neurological and clinico-laboratory examination (pneumoencephalography, rheoencephalography, computer-aided tomography, neuropsychological tests) of patients with progressive supranuclear ophthalmoplegia as well as the analysis of the literature data made it possible to specify the pathogenesis of the major manifestations of the disease and the localization of a damage to the cerebral structures. The use of vascular, nootropic, antisclerotic drugs and oxygen barotherapy was found to be advisable. PMID- 6524201 TI - [Cytoarchitectonics of the human hippocampus and quantitative parameters in various individuals]. AB - The morphological and cytoarchitectonic organization of the human hippocamp is not limited to the classic structure in the shape of a horn with an upward curve. Behind and in front of it, the cytoarchitectonics and even topography change and become more complex. An examination of the brain from 17 individuals (22 hemispheres) has revealed very considerable individual spatial differences including cytoarchitectonic ones. Measurement of the hippocampal volume has shown that the difference between the opposite extreme variants reaches a three-fold value. The absence of any dependence between the above changes and the brain size suggests their correlation with the functional specificity of the hippocamp in different individuals. PMID- 6524203 TI - [Electrophysiologic correlates of generalized shifts in neurodynamics among rheumatoid arthritis patients]. AB - Objective electrophysiological correlates of generalized neurodynamic disturbances were studied in 80 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The results obtained indicate considerable changes in the level of alpha-activity (AA) and marked restitution of the interzonal paired and multiple correlation of AA in RA. PMID- 6524202 TI - [Method of electromyographic feedback in the complex rehabilitative therapy of patients with post-stroke movement disorders]. AB - The author has developed techniques of staged training by the EMG-biological feedback (EMG-BFB) method with the use of visual and sound control in patients with various degrees of motor disorders. A new variant of the EMG-BFB method (multichannel) is offered which has made it possible to use the method not only for training weakened muscles and reducing spasticity in their antagonists but also for improving motor coordination. A comparative study of the efficacy of the conventional complex of therapeutic exercises and the effectiveness of the therapeutic physical training in conjunction with the EMG-BFB method has demonstrated the latter to be 15% more effective on an average. PMID- 6524205 TI - [Emotional and meaningful regulation of perception in psychopathic personalities of the excitable and hysterical type]. AB - An experimental psychological study of the emotional and meaningful perception control involved 83 psychopaths of the excitable and hysterical types and 80 mentally normal test subjects. It has been revealed that unlike normal people, perception in psychopathic personalities is based on a smaller number of emotional-evaluation categories; under emotional stress their perception is more dependent on the subjective significance of the perceived stimuli; the process of perception in such individuals is less hierarchical and structural. The data obtained indicate an inadequately structuralized and unstable hierarchy of meaningful formations in psychopathic patients of the excitable and hysterical types. PMID- 6524204 TI - [Features of perception of interpersonal relations by schizophrenic patients]. AB - In an experimental psychological study, the author examined the perception of interpersonality interactions in schizophrenic patients characterized by autistic behaviour (n = 70). A series of four techniques was designed especially for this study, which was aimed at establishing characteristics of the perception of interactions between people, of the perception of one's own interactions and of the perception of interactions in a group and in formal role situations. The patients displayed a tendency toward evading interpersonality interactions, formalization of communication and a desire to restrict the perception of the emotional characteristics of the communication partner. PMID- 6524206 TI - [Psychopathologic conditions from the standpoint of the functional specialization of the cerebral hemispheres]. AB - A comprehensive examination of the nature of psychopathological syndromes and the functional involvement of the structures of the right or left hemispheres (assessed by the degree of spatial synchronization of the biopotentials) revealed a relationship between the features of the syndrome formation and the predominant utilization of the mechanisms of perception and procession of information common to the left (in syndromes determined by interpretative formations) or the right (in hallucinational syndromes) hemisphere. The predominant involvement of the systems of one or another hemisphere may determine some characteristics of the clinical picture of mental diseases detected in transcultural studies. PMID- 6524207 TI - [Problem of evaluation of the results of psychopathologic examinations]. AB - The article is concerned with the qualification of the data of a pathopsychological examination in cases rendering the differential diagnosis between schizophrenia and psychopathy difficult. The authors suggest a new method of analyzing the findings on the basis of their comparision by a number of lines, which allows the identification of additional differential diagnostic criteria. The data obtained indicate that pathological changes may be expressed not only in the form of impairment of individual functions but also in an alteration of their correlations. PMID- 6524209 TI - [Features of dysphoric states developing within the framework of endogenous depression]. AB - In a series of 47 patients the psychopathological characteristics of dysphoric conditions developing in the presence of endogenous depression are described. Dysphorias in such cases present complex psychopathological formations characterized by the entanglement of the previous depressive background and dysphoric disturbances per se. Dysphorias undergo qualitative and quantitative alterations in the course of endogenous depressions. The stage of the emergence of dysphorias proper in the presence of endogenous depressions is preceded by the development of irritability arising in the structure of depressions as well. PMID- 6524208 TI - [The operational aspect of thought in psychopathology. Analytic factors and classification of technics]. AB - The identification of the parameters of analysis allowing a strictly definite assessment of the results of qualitative techniques of examination is essential for increasing the reliability and validity of these methods. The author presents an extensive classification of the analytic factors reflecting the operational side of thinking. The analysis is made on the basis of such parameters as abstraction standardization and adequacy. Principles have been elaborated for a discrete evaluation of the abstraction levels. The evaluation is fit for standardization and does not depend on the method employed. A classification of the verbal techniques for studying the thinking is offered which will take into account the nature of the task, "the range of sensitivity", validity and reliability. The specific characteristics of concrete techniques are outlined in detail which will contribute to their more adequate use in pathopsychological studies. PMID- 6524210 TI - [Clinico-psychopathologic aspects of acute craniocerebral injuries]. AB - Altogether 100 patients with severe craniocerebral traumas seen during the acute period in a neurotraumatological hospital were entered into a clinico psychopathological study. The authors traced the effect of the extent of the damage, the duration and depth of the comatose state, the localization of the injury and a number of other factors, including the therapy conducted, on the formation and time-course of individual psychopathological syndromes and patients' rehabilitation. PMID- 6524211 TI - [Clinico-psychological study of the functions of attention and memory in patients in the early recovery period after reconstructive surgery on the cerebral vessels and their dynamics during treatment with oxygen baths]. AB - Using psychological methods memory and attention were examined in a control group (normal subjects) and in patients at the early rehabilitation period following reconstructive surgery on cerebral vessels before and after therapy with oxygen baths. The psychological methods of examination were found to be valuable in terms of both diagnosis and assessment of the time-course of the studied parameters at various stages of the treatment. The use of oxygen baths was shown to be effective in disorders of memory and attention. PMID- 6524212 TI - [Features of the internal picture of the disease among psoriasis and neurodermatitis patients]. AB - Using experimental-psychological methods, the characteristics of the disease awareness were studied in 25 patients with psoriasis and neurodermatitis. The structure of the disease awareness was found to be strongly dependent on the degree of the cosmetic defect: in patients with a marked defect, the emotional and motivational levels occupy the leading position in the structure of the disease awareness, whereas in patients with a mild cosmetic defect, the sensitive level is predominant. PMID- 6524213 TI - Trypsin inhibitors in summer squash (Cucurbita pepo) seeds. Isolation, purification and partial characterization of three inhibitors. AB - Three trypsin inhibitors were isolated from summer squash (Cucurbita pepo) seeds and purified to homogeneity by fractionation with ammonium sulphate and methanol, ion-exchange chromatography and gel filtration. All three inhibitors have lysine at their active site. Two of them (II, IV) show the same isoelectric point (at pH 5.6), amino acid composition and molecular mass (3259). The third inhibitor (III) of molecular mass of 3654 and isoelectric point at 4.9 has additionally one histidine residue and two glutamic acid residues more per molecule. PMID- 6524214 TI - Formation of 2-methyl-2,4-thiazolidinedicarboxylic acid from L-cysteine in rat tissues. AB - The adduct formed non-enzymatically from L-cysteine and pyruvate: 2-methyl-2,4 thiazolidinecarboxylic acid (CP) was isolated, and identified by the electron impact mass spectroscopy. It was found that CP is formed (by cysteine transformation) and is metabolized in rat tissues. Formation of CP from cysteine or cystine was catalysed by partially purified rat liver gamma-cystathionase. PMID- 6524215 TI - Heterogeneity of collagen isolated from methylcholanthrene-induced sarcoma. AB - Rat fibrosarcoma induced by subcutaneous injection of methylcholanthrene was found to contain at least three different types of collagen. Two of them were identified as type I and type III collagens, the third (fraction B) seems to be specific for this tumour. The ratio of type I to type III collagen is lower in fibrosarcoma than in normal rat skin. The number of hydroxyproline residues in alpha 1 (I), alpha 2 (I) and alpha 1 (III) chains of tumour collagen appears to be higher than in the corresponding chains of rat skin collagen. Fraction B is composed of three identical alpha chains connected with disulphide bonds. It contains a relatively low amount of glycine: 234 molecules per 1000 residues. The amount of hydroxyproline and cysteine is similar to that found in the type III collagen. PMID- 6524216 TI - Effects of phosphate anions and some divalent metal cations on phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase. Comparison of liver and kidney enzyme. AB - The effect of calcium and phosphate anions on rat kidney cytosol phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase activity was evaluated using enzyme preparations obtained by two purification procedures. The enzyme activity was not significantly affected by calcium ions at physiological concentration. Phosphate inhibited the enzyme in the presence of Fe2+; the inhibition was overcome by Mn2+. Kidney and liver phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinases show some qualitative differences in their response to Fe2+ and phosphate. PMID- 6524217 TI - 5-substituted arabinofuranosyluracil nucleosides: synthesis and antiviral properties. AB - A number of 5-alkyl (ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl) analogues of araU, their alpha-anomers and N3-isomers have been synthesized by a number of different procedures, based on the catalytic condensation of the appropriate 5-alkyl-2,4 bis-(trimethylsilyloxy)-pyrimidine with 2,3,5-tri-O-benzyl-alpha-D arabinofuranosyl chloride. The resulting protected nucleosides were deblocked by a new procedure based on the use of BF3 X Et2O in C2H5SH. The chloromercuri derivative of araU, on reaction with allyl chloride in the presence of Li2PdCl4, gave the 5-allyl derivative, which was catalytically reduced to the corresponding 5-propyl analogue. The antiviral activities of these compounds have been evaluated. 5-Allyl-araU showed moderate specific activity (MIC 20 micrograms/ml) against herpes simplex type 1 virus in PRK cell cultures. Structure-activity relationships are discussed for the 5-alkyl deoxy- and arabino- uracil nucleoside series. PMID- 6524218 TI - Effect of para substituents of 2-(N,N-dimethylamino)ethyl phenyl phenylphosphonates on inhibition of human pseudocholinesterase. AB - Human serum pseudocholinesterase inhibition by nineteen of the title phosphonates was studied and the effect of para substituents of the phenoxy and phenyl groups on inhibition rates was compared. The effect of substituents of the phenoxy group on the reaction rate is in some cases even 60 times as great as the effect of substituents of the phenyl group. Logarithms of rate constants correlate linearly with sigma po substituent constants of the phenoxy group, but no linear dependence is observed for para substituents of the phenyl group. The role of the apicophilicity of substituents of phosphorus in the enzyme--inhibitor complex is discussed. PMID- 6524219 TI - Synthesis of D-Ala--D-Ala analogues with postulated antibacterial activity. AB - The syntheses of the L,L- and D,D-stereoisomers of N-phenoxyacetyl-X-alanine in which X=His, Tyr, or Lys, are described. The antibacterial activity of some of the peptide derivatives and their synthetic intermediates have been examined. Some of the intermediates exhibited moderate activity against viridans streptococci, enterococci and Streptococcus agalactiae. None of the compounds were active against beta-lactamase producing bacteria or served as beta-lactamase inhibitors. PMID- 6524220 TI - Characterisation of the citrate synthase reaction with propionyl-CoA. AB - Experiments with propionyl-CoA stereoselectively deuteriated in the propionyl moiety demonstrate that the formation of (2S,3S)-methylcitric acid (1) catalysed by citrate (si)-synthase occurs with inversion of configuration in the propionyl moiety; the absolute configurations of the methylcitric acids 1 and 2 indicate a si attack on oxaloacetate. Deuterium in the pro-S position is exchanged for protium 60 times faster than deuterium in the pro-R position. Experiments with (R,S)-(2-2H1)propionyl-CoA allowed the determination of isotope effects. For the enzymatic formation of 1, a primary deuterium isotope effect kH/kD = 1.8 and a secondary alpha-deuterium isotope effect kH/kD = 0.99 were calculated; both are effects on Vmax/KM. PMID- 6524221 TI - Preparation and characterization of dinitroperylenes. AB - Dinitroperylenes have been synthesized and purified by HPLC. Based on NMR, MS and UV data, the main isomers were identified as 3,6-,3,7-,3,9- and 3,10 dinitroperylene. PMID- 6524222 TI - Use of reverse phase ion pair chromatography to fractionate and purify DNA fragments and monomeric components of RNA. PMID- 6524223 TI - Mouse monoclonal antibodies against ovine prolactin. PMID- 6524224 TI - Experimental microvascular sleeve anastomoses. AB - Microvascular sutures are the most essential parrt of microsurgery. The three basic types of anastomosis, i.e. end to end (ETE), end to side (ETS) and end in end (EIE), differ, beside the flow parameters, also in the succession, number and depth of the sutures as well as in the technique of suturing. In clinical microsurgery ETE and ETS anastomoses are applied. Several authors have attempted to telescope the vascular ends into each other to simplify the technique of anastomosis, to reduce the time of operation as well as to eliminate intraluminar suturing [1, 3, 6, 9]. PMID- 6524225 TI - The clinical importance of bacterial urinary tract infections during pregnancy. I. Premature delivery, dismaturity. AB - Using computer analysis the authors studied the relationship between the various clinical forms of urinary tract infections and premature deliveries, i.e. dysmaturity in a population including several thousands of individuals. In the frameworks of uniform and monitored perinatal obstetric and neonatologic care system--the uniform diagnostics of bacteriuria was established. The standard birth-weights for the regions involved by our care were calculated, too. The basic observations of Kass were still found to be valid. In case of urinary tract infections, an increased rate of premature deliveries with respect to both birth weights and gestational age of pregnancy should be reckoned with. Computer analysis proved not only a tendency for premature deliveries but also retarded intrauterine growth of the foetus. PMID- 6524226 TI - The clinical importance of bacterial urinary tract infections during pregnancy. II. Events during delivery. AB - Inertia in labour could be more often observed and the number of intra-uterine foetal distress signs increased in case of bacterial infection of the maternal uropoietic and urinary system. Consequently, stimulation of labour pains and surgical termination of the delivery were required several times. The data in concert with those mentioned in the first part of the study indicate that the clinical pictures associated with the bacterial infections of the urine constitute a significant part of the pathological aspects of pregnancy. PMID- 6524227 TI - The clinical importance of urinary tract infections during pregnancy. III. Neonatal morbidity and mortality. AB - The third part of the series shows that the various forms of maternal urinary tract infections have a negative effect on the newborn. Already at birth, there are several depressed babies in need of resuscitation. The frequency of prolonged jaundice requiring treatment has been increasing. The babies are more predisposed to infections. Congenital pneumonia more often occurs. As a result, the exposure of babies to drugs and x-rays is greater and perinatal mortality is higher. The newborn are much frailer than they should be on the basis of the frequency of their prematurity. The epidemiological analysis raises the possibility of the harmful effect of intrauterine infections in bacteriuric and pyelonephritic pregnancies. PMID- 6524228 TI - [Carotid stenosis surgery: results after 10 years' experience]. AB - From 1973 to July 1983 220 patients at the University clinic of Cologne, Germany, had carotid endarterectomies for carotid stenosis. A shunt has always been used. The procedure mortality and morbidity were 3,4% and 6,3% respectively. We do not see any indication to operate in acute stroke. PMID- 6524229 TI - Coronary artery fistula: an absolute surgical indication. AB - Two operated cases and an anatomical, clinical and therapeutic review of primary coronary artery fistula (CAF) are presented. The authors focus attention on the deleterious evolution of untreated CAF and on the higher morbidity and mortality of surgical treatment of CAF in the elderly. They recommend surgery for CAF even asymptomatic. PMID- 6524230 TI - [A case of fibromuscular dysplasia in an unusual location]. AB - Unusual localization of fibromuscular dysplasia on the common carotid artery. In this paper, the authors are describing an unusual localization of the fibro muscular dysplasia on the common carotid artery, a lesion that has undergone surgical treatment without any complication. PMID- 6524231 TI - The therapeutic approach to intrathoracic metastases of non-seminomatous testicular tumour. AB - Before the era of chemotherapy an extensively metastasized non-seminomatous testicular tumour was nearly always fatal. Only 10 cases of spontaneous regression of thoracic metastasis have been reported. With chemotherapy, a much better outlook has been achieved, however, in 10% of the cases, chemotherapy resistant thoracic masses remain after treatment. In 70 to 80% of those cases with normal tumour markers, mature teratoma is found. In this paper, three patients with non-seminomatous testicular tumour and thoracic opacities resistant to conservative treatment are reported. One patient showed a complete disappearance of 9 out of 10 thoracic opacities 6 months after a short chemotherapy course, which had seemed to be ineffective. After a short period of reduction, the remaining opacity demonstrated continued tumour growth with a significantly longer tumour doubling time. The other two patients showed enlarged thoracic opacities despite combination chemotherapy and normal tumour marker levels. At the time of thoracotomy and complete surgical resection of the tumours all patients had normal tumour marker levels. Mature teratoma without genuine malignant cells was found microscopically. At this time all patients are free of metastases, 18, 3.5 and 2 year post thoracotomy. We suggest complete extirpation of the chemotherapy resistant lesions because, mature teratoma may give rise to compression and because in the cases with notwithstanding normalization of tumour markers and active tumour histology has to be obtained to restart combination chemotherapy. PMID- 6524232 TI - [Nerve tumor of the neck. Apropos of a case report]. AB - A rare case of nervous tumor of the neck is presented. Differential diagnosis is evoked in the discussion. A total removal of the tumor is to be realized with or without nerve reconstruction. PMID- 6524233 TI - [Conservative treatment of a traumatic biliopleural fistula]. AB - Conservative management of a traumatic biliopleural fistula. A female patient, 13 years of age, developed a right-sided haemothorax after a stab wound in the right para-vertebral region. Pleural effusion reoccurred after thoracic drainage was stopped. Ten days after the injury, thoracic puncture enabled a diagnosis of biliopleural fistula to be made, confirmed by ERCP and CT-scan. The fistula closed after repeat thoracic drainage combined with prophylactic antibiotic therapy. PMID- 6524234 TI - [Surgical treatment of reflux esophagitis using Angelchik's ring prosthesis]. AB - Surgical treatment of reflux oesophagitis with the Angelchik prosthesis. Between 1 January 1981 and 30 June 1982 we operated on 18 patients with symptomatic gastroesophageal reflux. We studied our patients clinically before and after surgery, with barium meal, endoscopy and oesophageal biopsy. After surgery all patients were able to discontinue conservative treatment. Two patients needed to have the prosthesis removed because of perforation in the stomach and two patients needed a reinterventive because of loosened knots. The frequency of the complications, particularly of gastric perforations, prevents us to recommend the use of this device in a generalized matter. PMID- 6524235 TI - [Free perforation of the colon in Crohn's disease]. AB - Free intestinal colonic perforation in Crohn's disease. Free intestinal colonic perforation in Crohn's disease is a serious complication. In reference to the case history of a Crohn patient with sigmoid perforation, a literature survey of free colonic perforations has been given. Only 18 cases of free colonic perforations in Crohn's disease have so far been described in world literature. Pathogenesis, treatment and evolution of this affection have been dealt with. PMID- 6524236 TI - [Isolated compression of the celiac trunk. Apropos of 8 cases]. AB - Celiac axis compression syndrome. Celiac axis compression syndrome is still controversed. The authors discuss the results of the surgical treatment among eight patients and review the literature. They conclude this entity exist and that suppression of stenosis by surgery yielded interesting therapeutic results. PMID- 6524238 TI - [Lengthening of the femur using implantable appliances]. PMID- 6524237 TI - [Aneurysms of the splanchnic region]. AB - Splanchnic artery aneurysms. The management of 16 patients, presenting with splanchnic artery aneurysms is reviewed in a retrospective study. 5 patients presented with aneurysms of the hepatic arteries, 6 patients had an aneurysm of the splenic artery and 5 patients developed aneurysms of the remaining branches of the splanchnic arteries (1 gastroduodenal, 3 pancreaticoduodenal and 1 superior mesenteric), 8 patients were treated conservatively. 8 patients had a surgical procedure performed. Two patients died from a complication of their aneurysm. Ligation of the hepatic artery, was insufficient to avoid a recurrent and fatal hemobilia in a man presenting, with a centrally located intrahepatic ruptured aneurysm. Another patient developed a fatal necrohemorrhagic pancreatitis after ligation of the splenic artery for an aneurysm that ruptured in the stomach. PMID- 6524239 TI - [Our views on the surgical treatment of lower extremity inequality]. PMID- 6524241 TI - [Incidence of congenital defects of the foot in the Martin District]. PMID- 6524240 TI - [Positive arthrography in pathological changes of medial connective structures in the knee joint]. PMID- 6524242 TI - [Etiopathogenesis and morphology of osteoporosis and atrophic osteopathies]. PMID- 6524243 TI - [BCG osteomyelitis and gonitis in a small child]. PMID- 6524244 TI - [Chemotherapy of osteoarticular tuberculosis]. PMID- 6524245 TI - [Osteoid osteoma and similar diseases]. PMID- 6524246 TI - [Fractures of the heel bone in children]. PMID- 6524247 TI - [Reconstruction of the articular cartilage in the fingers by perichondrium transplantation--I]. PMID- 6524248 TI - [Personal experience with therapy using the Peroxinorm 4 mg. preparation]. PMID- 6524249 TI - The pneumococcus: one century later. PMID- 6524250 TI - Pancreatic ascites. PMID- 6524251 TI - Triac (3,5,3'-triiodo-thyroacetic acid) induced "pseudohypothyroidism". PMID- 6524252 TI - Potentiation of the action of oral anticoagulants by amiodarone. PMID- 6524254 TI - How should we proceed when a thyroid nodule is palpated? PMID- 6524253 TI - [Medical treatment of a gastric bezoar]. PMID- 6524255 TI - The diagnostic value of in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer. AB - Besides the well known indications for the use of IVF as a new therapeutic treatment, this technique may also be used as a diagnostic test for infertile couples in whom pregnancy was not achieved by previous treatments. IVF diagnostic test appears to be very reliable in the majority of cases. If the failure of fertilization occurs in the first attempt the test is not reliable; failure of fertilization after three or more attempts allows the patients to consider other options such as adoption or AID. PMID- 6524256 TI - Emergency versus elective microsurgery. AB - During a 30-months period, a total of 148 microsurgical gynecological operations were performed in our department. We divided these operations into two groups: Emergency microsurgical operations, where microsurgical technique is used in urgent cases for preservation of fertility potential, and elective microsurgical operations, performed for restoration of fertility. We compared the two groups with regard to their inherent characteristics and differences in therapeutic and prognostic approach towards them. The results of our comparison show, that these two groups having in common only the microsurgical approach, are different from each other in the following points: The average age of the emergency microsurgery group was younger since it contained also prefertility cases; the timing of operations in the elective group was always in the proliferative phase of the menstrual cycle; antibiotics were given pre-, intra and postoperatively only in the elective group; corticosteroids were given intra- and postoperatively only in the elective group; the average number of different operative procedures performed during one operation was higher in the restorative group; desire for pregnancy was always present in the restorative and inconstantly in the preservative group; results of the operations regarding intrauterine pregnancy can be evaluated only for the elective, and not for the emergency group. Psychological evaluation of cases can be performed in the elective and not in the emergency group. Because of these differences, a division of microsurgical operations into elective and emergency microsurgery seems justified and valuable to us. PMID- 6524257 TI - Experimental endometriosis and fertility: compared effects of an antigonadotropin (danazol) and an antiprostaglandin (indomethacin). AB - The possible role of prostaglandins in infertility associated with endometriosis is not fully understood. We therefore compared the efficacy of danazol, the drug chosen for treating this disease with that of indomethacin, an anti prostaglandin, in rats affected with experimentally produced endometriosis. Endometriosis was induced in two groups of ten rats. The rats in group A were given danazol orally and those in group B were given peritoneal injections of indomethacin. The resulting fertility rates were very good in group B and less so in group A. Group A showed better anatomical findings, but group B gave improved results regarding adhesions. PMID- 6524258 TI - The role of severe adnexal disease in tubal reconstructive surgery. AB - Fifty two consecutive women underwent microsurgical reconstruction of the tubes. Thirty one percent conceived and 19% delivered live infants. Medical history suggestive of pelvic infection was obtained in 44% of the women. Fifty four percent had extensive, coarse and fibrous adhesions. Tubal reconstruction in these patients did not yield any pregnancies. Severity of the adnexal disease should be evaluated before attempted tubal reconstructive surgery. Women with severe adnexal damage should be referred to in vitro fertilization. PMID- 6524260 TI - Non-resection operations for small bowel Crohn's disease. PMID- 6524259 TI - Calcium, zinc, magnesium, concentration in seminal plasma of infertile men with prostatitis. AB - Seminal plasma, Zinc, Magnesium and Calcium concentrations were evaluated in 15 infertile men with chronic prostatitis and in 10 controls. Highly significant difference (p less than 0,01) was observed in Calcium concentration only in the group of bacterial prostatitis with respect to the controls. The possible significance of these data is suggested. PMID- 6524261 TI - [Peritoneal mesothelioma. Natural history]. PMID- 6524262 TI - [Diagnosis of tumor recurrence following curative treatment of rectosigmoid cancers]. PMID- 6524263 TI - [Isotopic heart/liver index in hepatic cirrhosis. Preliminary results]. PMID- 6524264 TI - [Major biliary lipids and plasma lipids. A study of cholesterol biliary lithiasis]. PMID- 6524265 TI - [Superselective vagotomy in the treatment of chronic duodenal ulcers. Evaluation of 214 cases]. PMID- 6524266 TI - [Severe digestive complications of AIDS in a group of patients from Zaire]. PMID- 6524267 TI - [Digestive manifestations of rheumatoid purpura in adults]. PMID- 6524268 TI - [Hydroelactic and ecbolic of piprozoline on basal bile-pancreatic secretion in rats]. AB - In male conscious rats provided with a new type of biliary-pancreatic fistula, the effects on basal bile-pancreatic secretion by piprozoline were analyzed when infused intraduodenally superimposed on a "plateau" reached by three previous collection periods of 30 minutes each. Different doses: 25, 50, 100 and 200 mg were evaluated at random during the first 48 hs. of fistula. The secretion evoked by the intraduodenal piprosoline's solvent, propilenglicol, was used as a control reference. The analysis of the percentage secretory changes elicited by piprozoline in respect to the "plateau" put in evidence that this agent exerts a preferential hydrelatic influence namely due to a significant increase in volume. The smallest dose, 25 mg/kg induces a peak volume increase of 30%. The higher dose, 100 and 200 mg/kg give origin to a higher and more sustained response, with peak values of around 70%. Protein and lipase output are also stimulated, but due to a high inter-animal variability the percentage changes are in the borderline of a significant level. It is postulated that piprozoline exerts its influences on basal bile-pancreatic secretion through a stimulation of the hepatic and pancreatic acinar cells and of both hepatic and pancreatic ductal systems. The main mediator of these changes trig by piprozoline would be peptides of the secretin family and duodeno-hepatic and duodeno-pancreatic reflexes. Further clarification through tests in either atropinized or vagotomyzed animals is suggested. PMID- 6524269 TI - [Gastric emptying in the aged. Effect of clebopride]. AB - Fifteen patients considered as "geronts" (average 70 years) have been performed Radiology, Endoscopy and Gastric Biopsies, with differents degrees of chronic gastritis as only gastric pathology, and 8 "healthy adults" (controls) were assessed on the T1/2 of gastric evacuation, with a solid meal marked with DPTA Tc 99 and measurement of isotopic activity in Gamma Camera before and after administration of a therapeutic dose of Clebopride. In the basal trial it was found that geronts gastric emptying is delayed more than controls (112 and 89 minutes). The activity of Clebopride revealed a significant decrease in both groups, being more important in geronts. This findings suggests the clinic usefulness in different pathological situations, where its useful to accelerate the time of gastric evacuation (gastric esofagic reflux, gastric ulcer) and in the geront with dispeptic symptoms and chronic gastritis related to age, as the only gastric pathology. PMID- 6524270 TI - [Treatment of advanced stomach carcinoma with adriamycin and 5-fluorouracil]. AB - Advanced gastric carcinoma is one of the digestive tract sites which best responds to chemotherapy. Single drug therapy offers an objective regression between 0.30% (Table I). Combined chemotherapy is considered to be more effective, results varying from 6.55% (Table II). Since March 1979 till May 1983, we initiated a cooperative protocol between the hospitals J. M. Penna and L. Lucero of Bahia Blanca and the Regional Hospital of Neuguen, for the treatment of advanced gastric carcinoma, associating 5-fluorouracil (5FU) and adriamycin (ADM). Characteristics of the 20 evaluated patients are shown in Table III. Objective regressions represented 40% (8/20 patients), with a median duration of 8, 5 months (Table IV). The mean survival rate of responders was 11.5 months and of non-responders 3,5 months (P +/- 0.005). Table V illustrates the clinical status and response induced by this therapy. Tolerance was acceptable (Table VI). Severe or very severe toxicity reported in other trials after the administration of 5-FU - ADM combined with methyl CCNU or mitomycin C, did not occur. In our study there was no indication to interrupt therapy due to hematologic or non hematologic side effects. Results indicate that the combination 5-FU - ADM might be promising for this neoplasm and should be further investigates in a larger number of patients in order to establish its real usefulness. PMID- 6524272 TI - 26th annual psychopharmacological meeting, Jesenik Spa, Czechoslovakia, January 3 7, 1984. Proceedings, 1st part. Abstracts. PMID- 6524271 TI - [Gastric adenoacanthoma. Report of a case and review of the literature]. AB - Squamous and adenosquamous carcinomas of the stomach are extremely rare, having a reported incidence of between 0.04 and 0.7%. Up to date, only two cases have been published in argentine literature by W. G. Lange, 1955. This is the reason of presenting this 68 year old woman, whose disease begins as an inflammatory process of the gallbladder and pancreas, later studies showed that it was an adenosquamous carcinoma of the stomach. Its pathogenesis is most probably from an area of preexisting squamous metaplasia, but the origin from a totipotencial cell (stem cell), from an area of ectopic stratified squamous epithelium or by squamous metaplasis developing within a preexisting adenocarcinoma has not as yet been established. PMID- 6524273 TI - Influence of blood-taking procedure on the heart function of blood donors. AB - The systolic time intervals and heart rate were studied in 11 blood-donors aged between 20 and 48 years by a non-invasive technique before and after the usual blood-taking procedure. No statistically significant difference was found between values determined before and after the procedure. A significant correlation (r = 0.76) was demonstrated between percent changes of pre-ejection period/left ventricular ejection time (PEP/LVET)-ratio and withdrawn volume of blood (450 ml) X time (min)-1 X bodyweight (kg)-1. No correlation was found between percent changes of PEP/LVET-ratio and withdrawn volume of blood X time-1, nor between percent changes of PEP/LVET-ratio and withdrawn volume of blood X percentage of circulatory volume removed-1. It is suggested that the blood-taking time (in minutes) should not be shorter than the quotient: donated volume of blood (ml) X bodyweight (kg)-1 if a negative influence of withdrawal procedure on left ventricular function is to be avoided. Mechanisms contributing to circulatory stability during reduction of blood volume are briefly discussed. PMID- 6524274 TI - Respiratory depression after epidural morphine in the postoperative period. Influence of posture. AB - Twelve females scheduled for elective lower abdominal surgery received 4 mg of morphine by lumbar epidural injection for postoperative pain relief. The patients were divided into two groups nursed postoperatively in a supine or 45 degree elevated position, respectively. Mouth occlusion pressure during CO2 stimulation was used for the determination of respiratory depression, following epidural morphine. No significant difference in occlusion pressure was found between the two groups. Within the groups a significant reduction of the occlusion pressure was found when compared with the value obtained immediately before the administration of epidural morphine. However, compared with the value obtained the day before surgery, no significant reduction of the occlusion pressure was observed. It is concluded that the 45 degree elevated position does not protect against the occurrence of respiratory depression following epidural morphine. PMID- 6524275 TI - Comparison of intramuscular analgesia, intercostal block, epidural morphine and on-demand-i.v.-fentanyl in the control of pain after upper abdominal surgery. AB - Eighty patients undergoing upper abdominal surgery were randomly allocated to four groups according to the postoperative pain treatment. All patients had a standardized balanced anaesthesia and for postoperative analgesia either intramuscular oxycodone and/or metamizol (IM), intercostal block with 0.5% bupivacaine (IC), epidurally 4 mg morphine (EM) or i.v. infusion of fentanyl 0.54 0.99 micrograms min-1 + on-demand boluses of 7.2-13.5 micrograms (ODAC) were given. The pain intensity 2 h postoperatively was similar in all groups, mean score ranging from 3.2-4.3 on a scale from 0-10. At 24 h also, when additional intramuscular analgesics had been administered if needed, the mean pain scores did not vary much; 2.4 in the ODAC group to 3.4 in the IC group. The time until the first request for additional analgesia was longer in the EM group than in the IM group (7.5 h vs. 3.5 h). There were no differences between the groups in chest X-ray, peak expiratory flow or respiratory rate postoperatively, but in the capillary blood-gas analyses there was a greater number of slightly elevated PCO2 values (6.0-7.3 kPa) in the ODAC group than in the others. The amount of fentanyl infused in 24 h to the ODAC patients varied considerably, 814-2233 micrograms, as did the number of on-demand boluses, 3-155. At 24 h, an efficacy rating "good" was distributed as follows: IM 9/20, IC 11/20, EM 11/20 and ODAC 13/20. In the whole patient material 92.5% rated their condition as "good" or "fair". PMID- 6524277 TI - Effect of i.v. atropine on cardiac rhythm, heart rate, blood pressure and airway secretion during isoflurane anaesthesia. AB - Atropine, 0.01 mg kg-1, was given i.v. to 30 patients before mask anaesthesia with isoflurane. Controls (n = 28) received a placebo. ECG was recorded on tape throughout anaesthesia and analysed later. There were no ventricular arrhythmias, but six patients in the atropine group and two patients in the placebo group had supraventricular arrhythmias of very short duration. Most cases occurred shortly after atropine, i.e. before anaesthesia. Heart rate increased significantly in both groups, more so after atropine (up to 60%), and remained elevated. In both groups blood pressure fell after the induction of anaesthesia but was close to control during surgery. Suction of airway secretions was necessary in three placebo patients, but excessive secretions were not met. The frequency of airway reflexes was similar in the two groups. It is concluded that due to the pronounced tachycardia the routine use of i.v. atropine can hardly be recommended before mask anaesthesia with isoflurane. PMID- 6524276 TI - Perivascular axillary block V: blockade following 60 ml of mepivacaine 1% injected as a bolus or as 30 + 30 ml with a 20-min interval. AB - Perivascular axillary blockade was performed on 60 patients with the aid of a catheter technique. The patients were randomly allocated to two groups. All patients received the same dose of local anaesthetic: 60 ml of mepivacaine 1% with adrenaline, but one group received the dose as a bolus injection, whereas the other group received the dose as fractional injections of 30 + 30 ml with an interval of 20 min. Blood concentrations of mepivacaine were measured up to 90 min after injection of local anaesthetic. Sensory and motor blockade were evaluated 20, 30 and 40 min after injection. Forty minutes after the last injection of local anaesthetic, there was no difference between the blockades of the two groups, except for the sensory blockade of the lower lateral cutaneous nerve of the arm, in which the frequency of analgesia was 90% after bolus injection and 63% after fractional injections. There was no difference in blood concentrations of mepivacaine between the two groups. None of the 60 patients showed any sign of systemic toxic reactions. Fractional injection of local anaesthetic in perivascular axillary blockade does not offer any advantage over bolus injection with regard to the resulting blockade. PMID- 6524278 TI - Effects of practolol and metoprolol on QT interval, heart rate and arterial pressure during induction of anaesthesia. AB - The effects of the selective beta 1-adrenergic receptor blocking agents, practolol with intrinsic sympathetic activity (ISA) and metoprolol without ISA, were studied on QT interval, heart rate, arterial pressure and cardiac arrhythmias during the induction of anaesthesia in 142 adults. In the control group, the QT interval was statistically significantly prolonged after thiopental, and the most marked prolongation occurred after suxamethonium. Neither practolol nor metoprolol alone affected the QT interval. Practolol 100 micrograms/kg i.v., but not 40 or 150 micrograms/kg i.v., almost completely reduced the prolongation of the QT interval after suxamethonium. In all doses of 20, 30 and 40 micrograms/kg i.v. metoprolol statistically significantly and dose dependently reduced the prolongation of the QT interval after thiopental, suxamethonium and laryngoscopy, but the prolongation of the QT interval after intubation still occurred. Practolol and metoprolol alone statistically significantly reduced heart rate, but did not prevent the increase of heart rate after thiopental. The effects on arterial pressure were minimal. Neither practolol nor metoprolol prevented the cardiovascular intubation response. Ventricular ectopic beats after intubation occurred in 20% of the patients in the control group and their incidence ranged from 20 to 27% in the groups pretreated with practolol or metoprolol 20 micrograms/kg. In the groups pretreated with metoprolol 30 or 40 micrograms/kg, ventricular ectopic beats occurred in 5% and 8%, respectively. It is concluded that the selective beta 1-adrenergic receptor blocking agents practolol with ISA, and especially metoprolol without ISA, reduced the prolongation of the QT interval after suxamethonium.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6524279 TI - Evaluation of two methods of rapid blood-glucose monitoring by unskilled personnel during surgery. AB - The accuracy of two rapid methods of blood-glucose monitoring without (Haemo glucotest 1-44) and with a reflectance meter (Hypocount B) was compared using a laboratory method. The assessment was carried out by personnel with no previous experience in measuring blood glucose. Eighty-five percent of the 92 measurements obtained with the hypocount B were within +/- 20% of the laboratory glucose values. Using haemo-glucotest 1-44 strips, 74% of the readings were within +/- 20% of the reference laboratory values. For values below 5.5 mmol/l, there was a tendency for results to be too low, with 77% of the readings below laboratory values -20%. All situations with severe hypoglycaemia were detected with both strips. The study also demonstrates the ineffectiveness of s.c. insulin regimens during surgery. Only 47% of the measured blood glucose values were within the range of 5.5-10 mmol/l and two of ten patients had hypoglycaemia with values below 2.5 mmol/l. Therefore glucose monitoring during surgery in diabetics seems justified. This monitoring can be performed adequately with strips. PMID- 6524280 TI - Rectal diazepam compared to intramuscular pethidine/promethazine/chlorpromazine with regard to gastric contents in paediatric anaesthesia. AB - Sixty children, aged 1-12 years, were investigated with regard to gastric pH and volume before general anaesthesia. Thirty children (group D) received diazepam 0.75 mg/kg b.w. rectally 1 h before anaesthesia. Thirty children (group L) received a "lytic cocktail" (pethidine 28 mg, promethazine 7 mg, chlorpromazine 7 mg per ml) 0.05 ml/kg b.w. intramuscularly 1 h before anaesthesia. The pH values were significantly higher and the amount of gastric juice was significantly lower in group L compared to group D. The number of children in group L with gastric juice volume exceeding 0.4 ml/kg and the number of children with pH less than 2.5 was significantly smaller compared to group D. The number of children with both gastric pH less than 2.5 and gastric juice volume greater than 0.4 ml/kg was significantly smaller in the group receiving "lytic cocktail" intramuscularly compared to the group receiving diazepam rectally. Bile-stained gastric contents was not related to the gastric pH. PMID- 6524281 TI - Natural killer cell activity in patients undergoing upper abdominal surgery: relationship to the endocrine stress response. AB - Natural killer (NK) cell activity and the endocrine response during and after parietal cell vagotomy were studied in two groups of patients receiving either epidural analgesia extending from S5 to Th4 + general anaesthesia (Group I), or general anaesthesia (Group II). NK cell activity of unseparated mononuclear cells in peripheral blood was measured against K-562 target cells in a 51Cr-release assay. NK cell activity increased in the same way in both groups in relation to premedication, anaesthesia and surgery (P less than 0.01). Postoperatively, the activity fell significantly on the first day (P less than 0.01), but returned to preoperative levels on day 3 (Group I) and day 5 (Group II). The endocrine response measured, except for adrenaline and prolactin, differed between Group I and II. In Group I, plasma noradrenaline and serum cortisol increased insignificantly throughout the observed period--compared to the preoperative level--whereas a significant increase in both hormones was found in Group II during surgery and in the postoperative period. A significant increase in plasma adrenaline and serum prolactin was found in both groups during anaesthesia and surgery. The findings indicate that NK cell activity during upper abdominal surgery is modified in almost the same way during two different anaesthetic techniques, one of which partly seemed to block the endocrine surgical stress response. The fluctuations in NK cell activity were not correlated to the changes measured in hormone concentrations. PMID- 6524282 TI - Acute propoxyphene self-poisoning in 222 consecutive patients. AB - The course of severe propoxyphene self-poisoning in 222 consecutive patients is presented. On admission, 73% of the patients had neurological symptoms, 10% had convulsions, 45% were in respiratory failure, and impaired circulation was present in 48%. A mortality rate of 8% was observed. Twelve patients arrived in asystole of whom six were resuscitated without sequelae. The overdose was accidental in 13 patients, one of whom died. Early medical intensive care was found mandatory for a good prognosis. Before discharge from the ICU we recommend an observation-period free of cardiovascular symptoms for 24 h. PMID- 6524283 TI - Acute self-poisoning with tricyclic antidepressants in 295 consecutive patients treated in an ICU. AB - Clinical findings on admission to hospital and outcome in 295 consecutive patients with severe tricyclic antidepressant self-poisoning treated in an ICU are presented. Cerebral depression was observed in 92%, convulsions in 23% and respiratory failure was present in 72%. Cardiovascular function was impaired in 44% and an abnormal ECG was found in 57%. Cardiac arrest was treated in 14 patients (6%) of whom seven were resuscitated. The mortality rate was 2%. All patients were artificially ventilated. A beneficial effect of respiratory alkalosis on cardiac arrhythmias is supported. PMID- 6524284 TI - Effects of enflurane on coronary haemodynamics in patients with ischaemic heart disease. AB - The effects of enflurane with and without nitrous oxide on coronary haemodynamics and myocardial oxygenation were investigated in 11 patients with generalised atherosclerotic disease. Enflurane decreased systemic blood pressure (-50%) mainly by systemic vasodilation (SVR -41%) and to a lesser degree by impairment of cardiac performance (CO -27%). A change from 1MAC enflurane-nitrogen-oxygen (70/30) to 1MAC enflurane-nitrous oxide-oxygen (70/30) decreased blood pressure and cardiac output further (-16% and -14%). Enflurane-nitrogen-oxygen decreased coronary blood flow (-29%) and perfusion pressure (-47%). Coronary vascular resistance fell (-20%) along with decreases in myocardial oxygen consumption and extraction (-40% and -16%). Regional coronary blood flow measurements in four of the patients revealed maldistribution of blood flow. During enflurane-nitrous oxide-oxygen, myocardial oxygen consumption and extraction decreased further ( 29% and -12%) without change in coronary blood flow or resistance. Myocardial ischaemia was observed in four patients during enflurane-nitrogen. During enflurane-nitrous oxide, ischaemia disappeared in two of the previously ischaemic patients and appeared in two not previously ischaemic. The regional blood flow maldistribution was abolished with nitrous oxide. It is concluded that enflurane is a powerful coronary vasodilator and in this respect slightly less potent than isoflurane. Enflurane may induce myocardial ischaemia by redistributing coronary blood flow and/or by producing hypotension. Nitrous oxide added to enflurane depresses cardiac function and augments the coronary vasodilatory effect of enflurane to a level at which coronary blood flow becomes totally pressure dependent. PMID- 6524285 TI - The measurement of tidal volumes in spontaneously breathing children during general anaesthesia using a Haloscale infant Wright respirometer. AB - The accuracy of tidal volume measurements made with a Wright Haloscale infant respirometer in children breathing spontaneously during general anaesthesia was assessed by a bench test. The tidal volumes and peak flow rates of 20 spontaneously breathing, anaesthetised children were measured with a pneumotachograph before and during surgery, and similar volumes, at the same flow rates, were delivered by a calibrated syringe simultaneously to the respirometer and a pneumotachograph. The results reveal that the mean (+/- s.d.) peak gas flow rates of children aged 6 years and less, 7.5 (+/- 1.6) and 9.3 (+/- 0.1) l/min before surgery and during surgery respectively, are significantly less than the peak flow rates, 11.3 (+/- 1.0) and 11.9 (+/- 1.5) before and during surgery, respectively, of children aged more than 6 years; and that the respirometer underestimates tidal volume by 10% when the peak flow rate is 11 l/min, and the percentage error in tidal volume estimation by the respirometer increases as the peak gas flow declines below 10 l/min. PMID- 6524286 TI - Isoflurane anesthesia for resection of pheochromocytoma. A report of two cases. AB - Isoflurane was selected as the main agent for induction and maintenance of anesthesia in two patients scheduled for resection of pheochromocytoma. The inspired concentration was calculated with a pocket computer (Sharp PC 1401) and adjusted to maintain an alveolar concentration of 1.5 to 1 MAC. With this technique, a stable heart rate was observed, without arrhythmias. The blood pressure stabilised at normal levels before surgery and only moderate hypertension was seen during tumor manipulation. No specific antihypertensive medication was needed. Transient hypotension after tumor resection was treated with ephedrine and volume replacement. Recovery of anesthesia was rapid and uneventful. PMID- 6524287 TI - Absence of electroencephalographic excitation pattern under isoflurane anesthesia. AB - In twelve patients the EEG was recorded under isoflurane--nitrous oxide inhalation anesthesia. A quiet EEG pattern was registered, without suppressions and seizures of spike activity which are often observed under enflurane. This was the case even when end expiratory CO2 shifted to low values (3-3.6 Vol%). In one patient the induction with N2O/O2 and thiopentone, resulted in spikes and suppression bursts on the EEG. After isoflurane was added, these changes disappeared. In another patient, epileptic EEG patterns were observed prior to the induction (confirmed by the history of the patient). During isoflurane anesthesia the epileptic waves disappeared and remained absent. PMID- 6524288 TI - Paraquat toxicity. The use of hypoxic ventilation. AB - We report a case of intoxication with paraquat. On admission three days after intoxication the patient had high paraquat levels. The treatment consisted of hypoxic ventilation with 14% oxygen and 86% nitrogen, hemodialysis, and forced diuresis. The patient never exhibited either clinical or radiological signs of pulmonary complications. The toxicology of paraquat and the use of hypoxic ventilation are discussed. PMID- 6524290 TI - Use of Hypnomidate (etomidate) in intensive care patients. PMID- 6524289 TI - An unusual complication of percutaneous catheterization of the internal jugular vein. AB - A case is presented of a chronic extrapleural hematoma of the right lung apex after attempted cannulation of the internal jugular vein. Although the percutaneous cannulation of internal jugular vein enjoys wide popularity, this procedure is not without potential for serious and late complications. PMID- 6524292 TI - [Abstracts of the 89th annual meeting of the Japanese Association of Anatomists, Sendai, Japan, 3-5 April 1984]. PMID- 6524291 TI - [A study on the extensor digitorum brevis manus muscle in man]. PMID- 6524293 TI - [Ossification process at the distal end of the mouse humerus]. PMID- 6524294 TI - [Anatomical study of the thoracic duct and its valve in the human adult]. PMID- 6524295 TI - Familial periodic paralysis with hypokalaemia. Study of a muscle biopsy in the myopathic stage of the disorder. AB - A 51 year-old male patient was affected by a dominantly inherited periodic paralysis. With large potassium supplements and ageing, the number and severity of attacks became considerably reduced. Increasing weakness and atrophy of the lower extremities were documented by clinical examination and by computer assisted tomography of the muscles. A biopsy was taken in the vastus lateralis muscle without any attempt to induce a hypokalaemic paralytic attack. Light microscopy showed multiple intra- and extracellular vacuoles, rimmed vacuoles, myonecrosis, fatty degeneration and endomysial fibrosis. The endomysial nerve bundles were normal. Both fiber types were vacuolated. Quantitative studies revealed abnormal variability coefficients and increased atrophy factors for all types. Electron microscopy showed dilatations of the tubular system and of the sarcoplasmic reticulum communicating with large vacuoles limited by a single membrane. Other vacuoles were covered by a basement membrane and could contain collagen fibers or capillaries. Accumulation of myeloid bodies and of 10-13 nm filaments were also noted in the sarcoplasm. Cytoplasmic bodies were present. No tubular aggregates could be found. The nerve bundles were normal. These findings were in part similar to the ones reported by Gerard et al. (1978) in the son's biopsy during an induced paralytic attack. Significant findings in our case are the sequence of events leading to muscle fibre destruction, still detectable at an advanced stage of the disease. Myopathic changes represent a delayed but severe complication of the disorder. PMID- 6524296 TI - [Acute amnesia caused by a hematoma of the 3d ventricle and the fornix]. AB - An acute amnesic syndrome accompanied the development of a hematoma of the upper part of the third ventricle affecting the fornix. The initial deficit was substantial with corresponding forgetfulness, but there was no false recognition nor fabulation. Recollection of past events was fairly well conserved, subject to difficulties with the temporal structuring of memories. Secondarily. psychometric tests showed preferential impairment of spontaneous recollection and logical learning. The role of lesions of the upper fornix projecting onto the dorsomedian nuclei of the thalamus is discussed. PMID- 6524297 TI - Exencephaly in Cantrell-Haller-Ravitsch Syndrome. AB - A case of exencephaly associated with spinal dysraphism and Cantrell-Haller Ravitsch syndrome is described. Significant findings included exencephaly, multiple subcortical neuroepithelial islets with active proliferation, cerebellar aplasia, and abnormal flexion of the neuraxis with spinal dysraphism of the cervicothoracic region. The various features of exencephaly, anencephaly, and iniencephaly are discussed. The significance of subcortical growth zones is evaluated in the light of experimental observation.s PMID- 6524298 TI - Metastasis of solid tumors in extraocular muscles. AB - Three autopsy cases with discrete metastatic involvement of one or several extraocular orbital muscles by disseminated amelanotic melanoma (one case) and lobular mammary adenocarcinoma (two cases) associated with extensive meningeal involvement are reported. Clinical ocular symptoms including pain, exophthalamus, and diplopia occurred 6 months to almost 5 years after resection of the primary tumor; in two cases CT scan showed spindle-like enlargement of orbital muscles. Pathologic examination disclosed solid localized metastatic deposits in several extraocular muscles of one (breast carcinomas) or both orbits (melanoma), with diffuse invasion of striated muscle, but without necrosis, inflammation, or involvement of other orbital adnexa, eye ball, optic nerves, or orbital bone. Since no continuous invasion of orbital or intraocular structures by diffuse meningeal blastomatosis was histologically observed, rare metastatic involvement of extraocular muscles via hematogenic route is suggested. PMID- 6524299 TI - Intracranial extracerebral neuroglial hamartoma. AB - The structure or a neuroglial hamartoma arising extracerebrally within the left middle cranial fossa of a stillborn infant is described and a mechanism for its origin is proposed. PMID- 6524301 TI - A continuous estrogen-progestogen regimen for climacteric complaints. Effects on lipid and lipoprotein metabolism. AB - The lipid composition of serum and the lipoprotein fractions, very low density lipoprotein (VLDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL) and high density lipoprotein (HDL) were determined in 26 peri- and postmenopausal women treated with a daily dose of 2 mg 17-beta-estradiol, 1 mg estriol and 1 mg norethisteroneacetate in a continuous regimen for 12 months. A decrease was noted in all serum lipids, triglycerides, cholesterol and phospholipids during treatment. When comparing the lipid values after 3 and 12 months of treatment a tendency was found to approach pretreatment values with time. A reduction of triglycerides in VLDL after 3 months, concomitant with a decrease in HDL-cholesterol, was interpreted as an effect mainly of the progestogen component. A decrease of free cholesterol in LDL was found during treatment. The ratio of LDL-cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol was unaltered when comparing values before vs. after 3 and 12 months of treatment. Decreased levels of HDL-cholesterol and elevated levels of LDL-cholesterol are considered to be risk factors for coronary heart disease. The significance of lipid metabolic effects induced by treatment in the present study on a longterm basis is hard to evaluate in terms of atherogenicity. PMID- 6524300 TI - Neuropathology of the Norrbottnian type of Gaucher disease. Morphological and biochemical studies. AB - The Norrbottnian type of Gaucher disease is characterized by infantile or juvenile onset and variable degrees of neurological symptoms, some of which develop only after splenectomy. A full neuropathological description of this type of Gaucher disease has not been reported previously. The brains of five patients were examined morphologically and biochemically. All presented typical accumulations of glucosylceramide storing cells in the adventitia of vessels in the cerebral and cerebellar sub-cortical white matter (s.c.w.m.). There were differences between the five cases with regard to the accumulation of adventitial storage cells and to the fatty acid pattern of the glucosylceramide isolated from the s.c.w.m., which implicate that the accumulation of glucosylceramide in adventitial cells in the brain is dependent on the generalized lipid storage process and enhanced by splenectomy. Loss of neurones and myelin was noted in the vicinity of accumulations of storage cells in two cases. The five cases showed varying degrees of nerve cell loss, satellitosis and neuronophagia. Lipofuscin with simple and complex lipids but no glycolipids could be demonstrated in neurones light-microscopically. Ultrastructural examination revealed inclusion bodies with bilayers in neurones of the cerebral and cerebellar cortex, dentate nucleus and pons. Because of the bilayered structure of Gaucher cell inclusions the bilayers in neurones are assumed to be formed by glucosylceramide. The fatty acid composition of glucosylceramide isolated from cerebral cortex in all cases suggested that cerebral gangliosides were its main precursor. The highest levels of psychosine (glucosylsphingosine) were seen in the cases with the most advanced nerve cell loss. The morphological and biochemical findings indicate that the neuronopathic process is associated with accumulation of glucosylceramide and psychosine in neurones. PMID- 6524302 TI - Sexuality during and after pregnancy. AB - The effects of pregnancy and childbirth on sexuality were studied in 50 women. Dyspareunia was more common in primiparae, but in other respects the same reactions and changes in behaviour were reported by multiparous and primiparous women. Coital frequency and orgasmic capacity decreased during pregnancy. The period of abstinence from coitus before and after delivery varied considerably. During pregnancy 72% of the women experienced a waning of sexual desire. Three months after childbirth 20% of the women still had little desire for and a further 21% had a complete loss of desire for or aversion to sexual activity. Sexual desire increased for a few women both during pregnancy as well as after childbirth. Pre-disposing factors in relation to diminished desire are discussed. The role of Maternity Clinic staff in providing information and advice is emphasized. PMID- 6524303 TI - Avoiding prematurity in elective repeat cesarean section. A role for amniotic fluid phosphatidylglycerol. AB - A prospective study was undertaken in 107 elective repeat cesarean deliveries in which the lecithin/sphingomyelin (L/S) ratio was positive. The frequency of neonatal complications in 87 of these women having positive amniotic fluid (AF) phosphatidylglycerol (PG) was compared with the frequency in the remaining 20 patients exhibiting a negative PG. Hyaline membrane disease (HMD) did not occur in either group. However, neonatal complications and related clinical procedures were significantly increased in the PG-negative patients. These neonatal complications included increased frequency of admissions to the neonatal intensive care unit, physiologic jaundice, poor feeding, transient tachypnea, prolonged oxygen therapy, arterial blood gas determinations, chest X-ray and placement of a peripheral intravenous line. The cause of this increased frequency in neonatal complications appears to be mild prematurity in patients exhibiting a positive AF L/S with a negative PG. This study suggests that, in hospitals where PG determinations are available, neonatal complications could be reduced further by awaiting the AF PG result before electively performing a repeat cesarean section. PMID- 6524304 TI - External endometriosis in 801 operated patients. AB - Details of medical history, symptomatology, operative findings and certain other special features are reported for patients with external endometriosis treated operatively during the period 1969-76. The incidence of endometriosis in this survey was 19% of all gynecological laparotomies. The mean age of the patients at the time of the operation was 36.7 years. The most common sites of endometriosis were the retrocervix and the ovaries. Of the patients, 559 (70%) had complained of dysmenorrhea; the pain generally began before the bleeding. Also typical was the exacerbation of the pain with increasing age. Twenty-seven per cent of the patients also complained of infertility. Surgery was performed because of acute abdominal symptoms in 6% of cases. The incidence of endometriosis in postmenopausal women was 2.5% and that in young women, 1%. Endometriosis recurred in 15% of the cases during the follow-up period. Gestagen therapy after the operation had no effect on the recurrence rate. PMID- 6524305 TI - pH measurement from the fetus during labor--a task for the midwife? AB - After theoretical education on the development of fetal acidosis and the fetal blood sampling technique, 12 midwives in a training program carried out or assisted in 40 fetal blood sampling procedures. Sampling was possible at a cervical dilatation of 1.5 cm. 11/12 midwives were successful in their first sampling attempt. The instrument used for analysis was an automated microprocessor device with a minimum sampling volume of 15 microliter of blood. There was a statistically highly significant correlation between the results obtained with the instrument tested and the reference device (r = 0.9; n = 36). 82% of the measurements fell within +/- 0.04 pH units of the reference device. With the instrument placed in the labor room, and using the current technique with very small blood samples, it is possible to obtain a fetal pH value within 10 minutes after the development of a pathological fetal heart rate pattern. PMID- 6524306 TI - Placenta flow reduction in pregnant smokers. AB - Using a radio-isotope method, the perfusion through the intervillous spaces of the placenta was recorded in 23 pregnant smokers and 23 pregnant non-smokers between 33rd and 37th week of gestation. All women were normotensive and the two groups were comparable in all essential variables. As compared with that in the nonsmokers, the perfusion was significantly lower in the smokers and the infants borne by the smokers had a significantly lower birth weight. In both groups there was a positive correlation between the perfusion values and the birth weights. Because we found a slight, chronic reduction in the blood flow through the intervillous space of the placenta in pregnant smokers, the results suggest that the changes caused by smoking are rather permanent. We find it well-founded to advise pregnant women against smoking. PMID- 6524307 TI - Breast stimulation test in fetal surveillance. AB - The usefulness of breast stimulation to elicit uterine contractions as a contraction stress test in fetal surveillance in high-risk pregnancies was investigated. The test was successful in fulfilling the criteria of contraction stress testing in 48 out of 76 mothers (62%). Success rates were not affected by the duration of pregnancy after 36 weeks. Nor did parity have any significant effect. The results of the breast stimulation test (BST) correlated well with the preceding non-stress test. Only one positive BST was detected in this population. In this case the late decelerations were present even during labor the next day. BST seems to be a practicable tool, in preference to the oxytocin challenge test, for fetal surveillance. PMID- 6524308 TI - Prosthetic valve endocarditis in pregnancy. AB - A case of prosthetic valve endocarditis is described, caused by Streptococcus viridans in the third trimester of pregnancy. During her illness, the patient gave birth to a normal baby in an uncomplicated vaginal delivery. She had recurrent post-partum vaginal bleeding. Aspects relevant to the management of the case are discussed. PMID- 6524309 TI - Torsion of the uterus. PMID- 6524310 TI - Late keratopathy due to intraocular sand particles. A case history with misleading tests for allergy. AB - After nine years, a boy was cured for his presumed allergic eye disease by microsurgical removal of intraocular sand particles, left in the anterior chamber after a childhood trauma. Sand being considered inert, together with seasonal variation in symptoms and misleading positive tests for allergy were to explain the doctor's delay. Involutive keratopathy eventually developed, with vessel ingrowth, severe photophobia and lacrimation, low intraocular pressure, and a visual acuity of only 1/60. Eight years after surgery there is a clear cornea and a corrected visual acuity of 6/12. The axial length of the diseased eye has remained longer than that of the healthy eye. PMID- 6524311 TI - Deposits on hydrophilic 'bandage' lenses. A scanning electronmicroscopic and x ray microanalytic study. AB - Scanning electronmicroscopy of 34 continuously worn Sauflon PW 'bandage' lenses showed an initial deposition of cellular debris, followed by an increasing, general, non-penetrating, organic coating, particularly on the anterior lens surface. No microorganisms were found. X-ray microanalysis of the 34 Sauflon PW lenses as well as 11 daily worn Hydroflex m lenses showed that elements may be added to or 'washed out' from the lenses during storage before preparation for microscopy. The elements obtained were constituents of both normal tear fluid and lens storage solutions. Only sulphur appeared firmly bound in the deposits, probably as sulphur-containing macromolecules of ocular mucus. Calcium was only detected in a few cases. PMID- 6524312 TI - The effect of phenylephrine on the accommodative process in man. AB - Accommodation was measured in a double-blind study on 10 healthy volunteers (22 29 years) before and after the instillation of 0.1%, 1.0% and 10% phenylephrine eye drops. Accommodation decreased exponentially with increasing concentration, reaching an average of 3 dioptres after one drop of 10% phenylephrine. The effect of adding phenylephrine to an atropinized eye was studied in 20 children (3-6 years). The children were randomized to placebo or phenylephrine treatment. The cycloplegic effect of atropine was unchanged in 8 out of 9 placebo-treated children, whereas 5 out of 11 phenylephrine-treated children showed a slight, but not significant, increase in hypermetropia. PMID- 6524313 TI - The healing of human corneal endothelium. An in vitro study. AB - A 4 mm circular defect was made on the endothelium by transcorneal freezing of 5 normal human corneas. The eyes were enucleated because of malignant tumours, patient age 3 to 74 years. After excision, the corneas were kept in culture medium for 3 (4) days, and subsequently prepared for SEM. At this stage, the defect was covered with endothelium, whose origin was a narrow zone adjoining the edge of the defect. The endothelium on the peripheral, undamaged part of the cornea did not seem to take part in the repair process, neither by proliferation, enlargement nor by migration. Dividing cells were found scattered on the damaged area. The repair process was found to be similar in all five eyes, irrespective of the age of the patient. In organ culture, the healing of corneal endothelial defects is similar in rabbits and in humans. PMID- 6524314 TI - The effect of steroids on the healing of the corneal endothelium. An in vivo and in vitro study in rabbits. AB - The effect of steroids on the repair of a corneal endothelial defect in rabbits was studied by in vivo and by organ culture experiments. A standard 4 mm defect was produced by transcorneal freezing. The situation after 2, 3, and 4 days was studied by scanning electron microscopy. Preliminary experiments demonstrated that topical eye treatment influenced on the repair process of the untreated, contralateral eye. The preservants of commercial eye drops caused delayed healing in organ culture. These effects were excluded from the control experiments. Topical eye treatment with steroid eye drops for 3 days caused a one day delay in the repair process. In culture medium, delayed repair was found at hydrocortisone concentrations greater than or equal to 0.125 mg/ml. The visible influence of hydrocortisone increased with the concentration in the range examined, between 0.05 mg/ml and 1 mg/ml. PMID- 6524316 TI - On the spatial organization of the cornea endothelium. AB - A hexagonal pattern is formed by the apical aspects of the corneal endothelial cells. However, by electron microscopy of surface-parallel sections it can be seen that the basal part of these cells has a highly irregular shape with deep indentations and high ridges. Near the Descemet membrane numerous cytoplasmic processes are tangled together in a bewildering pattern. A few of these processes are exposed to the posterior surface, where they may be seen as small cell-like areas delineated by cell borders. The hexagonal apical pattern of the endothelium is related to minimum total length of the intercellular apical sealing. This pattern may develop by a minimizing process with analogy to the minimum surface formation of soap bubble film. PMID- 6524317 TI - A new method of determining the cell density from a corneal specular micrograph. AB - Non-contact specular micrographs of the corneal endothelium are usually only a few cell diameters in width. The oblong shape leads to uncertainties in the determination of cell density by counting the number of cells on an area of known size. A new method, particularly suited for a long and narrow picture, is described. A line with a length corresponding to 1 mm is drawn on a specular micrograph. The number n of cells sectioned by this line is counted. It is demonstrated that the average cell size A may be determined from n by the formula A = 1 404 669/n2 micron2. The relation between A and n is presented in Table 1, which also gives the corresponding cell density expressed by the number of cells per mm2. PMID- 6524315 TI - Effect of HEPES buffer on corneal storage in MK medium. AB - Rabbit corneas were stored for 7 days in either MK medium containing gentamicin or modified MK medium containing HEPES buffer, gentamicin and phenol red. Corneas stored for 7 days in modified MK medium were thicker than corneas stored in MK medium. Corneal endothelial permeability to inulin and dextran was similar following 7 days of storage in either solution. Transmission electron microscopy of corneal endothelial cells stored in either solution showed intact cell membranes and organelles. In vitro perfusion of rabbit corneas in the specular microscope with Krebs Ringer bicarbonate containing HEPES buffer swelled at 17 +/ 1 micron/h, whereas those perfused with Krebs Ringer bicarbonate alone swelled at 7 +/- micron/h. Perfusion with Krebs Ringer bicarbonate containing phenol red did not result in an increased corneal swelling rate. The work indicates that HEPES buffer has an adverse effect on corneal endothelial pumping function, and this results in corneal swelling during storage as well as during perfusion in the specular microscope. The adverse effect appears to be, at least in part, transient: however, the ultimate, long term effect of HEPES buffer on corneas stored prior to penetrating keratoplasty is not known and deserves continued investigation. PMID- 6524318 TI - Pigmentation of plica and lacrymal caruncle. Prevalence among Caucasians, Eskimos, and Japanese. AB - Consecutive screenings by the same examiner (the author) disclosed among 380 white North Europeans (Copenhagen, Denmark) pigmentation of the plica semilunaris and/or lacrymal caruncle in 2%, among 189 Mongols (Kyoto, Japan) in 4%, and among 257 Eskimos (East Greenland) in 45% (P less than 0.001). In Eskimos the phenomenon was found to be bilateral in 60% and confluent with pigmentation of the bulbar conjunctiva in 18%. The prevalence is the highest among males, rising with increasing age. It is correlated to the prevalence of pigmentation of the bulbar conjunctiva, whereas not to that of subconjunctival pigmentation round scleral emissaries. PMID- 6524320 TI - The correlation between the amplitude of accommodation and low-luminance myopia. AB - The relationship between the amplitude of accommodation and low-luminance myopia was studied in subjects whose ages ranged from 20 to 65. The correlation coefficient values obtained indicate a strong positive correlation between these two factors. The results are discussed in the context of previously-published experimental evidence pointing to accommodation as the primary cause of low luminance myopia. PMID- 6524319 TI - Refractive errors in a Finnish rural population. AB - Refractive errors in 611 persons living in a rural area were examined. Males numbered 281 and females 330. The age range was from 6 to 85 years. In 73 (11.9%) persons the refraction was myopic (SER less than or equal to 0.5 D) and in 173 (28.3%) hyperopic (SER greater than or equal to + 2 D). Myopia was most frequently detected in persons aged 21-30 years (22.6%), and the proportion of myopia decreased towards both extremes of age. In all age groups females were more myopic than males. In persons aged 21-60 years the most educated proved to have more myopia and less hyperopia than those with less education. In 158 (25.9%) of the eyes, astigmatism was detectable. The degree of astigmatism changed little with advancing age and was independent of sex. In myopic eyes the range of astigmatic error was wider than in hyperopic eyes. The axis of + cylinders was in hyperopic eyes mostly horizontal and in myopic eyes vertical. Anisometropia of 1.25-2.0 D was detected in 24 (4.0%) persons and in 19 (3.1%) persons it was over 2 D. PMID- 6524321 TI - Infrared radiation and cataract. I. Epidemiologic investigation of iron- and steel-workers. AB - The aim of the presented study was to establish if occupational exposure to infrared (IR) radiation increases the risk of developing cataract, and to correlate the lens findings to the degree of exposure. The eyes of 208 IR-exposed workers and 208 controls, all from 6 Swedish iron and steel manufacturing plants, were examined. An increased prevalence of wedge-shaped opacities was found in IR exposed persons 60 years of age and older. This type of lens opacity is normally considered to be a purely senile change. Acceleration of senile changes by IR radiation is suggested. Stratification of the material with regard to exposure was made on different grounds, but failed to show a dose-effect-correlation. PMID- 6524322 TI - Infrared radiation and cataract II. Epidemiologic investigation of glass workers. AB - An epidemiologic investigation on the prevalence of cataract in glass workers is presented. The study includes 209 workers over 50 years of age exposed to infrared (IR) radiation in the Swedish manual glass industry for 20 years or more, and 298 non-IR-exposed controls. The examination includes an evaluation of the individual IR-exposure and an ophthalmological examination with special reference to the lens. In IR-exposed workers 70 years of age and older there is a statistically significant increase of aphakia and of all types of cataract, subcapsular, cuneiform and nuclear, compared to the controls of the same age group. In the same age group the risk for an IR-exposed worker to have his vision reduced by cataract to 0.7 or less is 2.5 times as high as for non-exposed controls (95% confidence interval 1.4-4.4). The risk that he will have to be operated for cataract is 12 times as high (95% confidence interval 2.6-53). It is concluded, that the occupational IR-exposure of the glass workers accelerates the development of senile changes in the lens. All workers with a high exposure to IR radiation should be equipped with adequate eye protection. PMID- 6524323 TI - Changes in the content and composition of collagen in the glaucomatous eye--basis for a new hypothesis for the genesis of chronic open angle glaucoma--a preliminary report. AB - The pressure theory is still predominant in explaining the pathophysiology of the chronic open angle glaucoma. An insufficient drainage system resulting in an increased intraocular pressure is the basis for this theory. The pressure will exert an effect upon the optic disc which either directly on the nerve fibres or indirectly via the vascular system will result in a characteristic optic atrophy. The collagen fibres, both in the trabecular meshwork of the anterior chamber and in the lamina cribrosa of the optic disc, form a mesh through which the aqueous humour and the nerve fibres, respectively, pass through the wall of the eye. A hypothesis explaining the pathophysiology of this disease, and based on the assumption that there is a primary change in the collagen molecules, resulting in a weaker structure than normal both in the trabeculae and in the laminae, is forwarded. The structures analysed for the content of hydroxyproline, hydroxylysine and proline were the trabecular meshwork, the sclera and the lamina cribrosa. Three categories of autopsy eyes were studied, i.e. normal eyes, glaucomatous eyes, and eyes under a suspicion of glaucoma. In the normal eyes, the collagen composition in the trabecular meshwork was different from that in the sclera and the lamina cribrosa. There is also a difference in the composition between the sclera and the lamina cribrosa. In glaucoma, the content and/or the composition of the collagen molecules in the lamina were significantly changed. In the eyes under suspicion of glaucoma the same changes as in the glaucomatous eyes could be demonstrated. However, 5 of the 7 eyes in this category had no demonstrable nerve atrophy. The findings suggest that the change in collagen pattern is primary. This study has not demonstrated which types of collagen are present or the physical properties of this collagen. Further tests to demonstrate the different types of collagen and their rigidity are planned. PMID- 6524324 TI - Bone cement, thermal injury and the radiolucent zone. AB - Six patients, with giant cell tumors of bone treated by curettage and bone cementing, were followed radiographically for 4 (2-6) years postoperatively. The radiolucent zones between cortical bone and cement increased in width up to 0.5 mm during the first 6 months and then remained stationary. During the same period the zone adjacent to cancellous bone increased up to 2.5 mm and was surrounded by a sclerotic rim. In two cases the zone adjacent to cancellous bone diminished by 1-1.5 mm during the first 2 years after surgery. There was a positive correlation between the maximal width of the zone adjacent to cancellous bone and the volume of cement fillings. Our findings indicate that the radiolucent zone surrounding bone cement is caused by thermal necrosis. PMID- 6524325 TI - Stability of acetabular fractures after internal fixation. A cadaveric study. AB - The rigidity of a transverse acetabular fracture in a laboratory cadaveric model immobilized by internal fixation was studied. On the application of a longitudinal load imposed on the fifth lumbar vertebra, four modes of displacement of the acetabular fracture were monitored by the use of variable impedance transducers. The rigidity of various combinations of lag screws and plates was assessed. The fracture deformations documented were generally quite small at any observation point with any of the fixation methods, and in most cases they were recoverable on load release. Anterior column lag screw fixation combined with plate fixation of the posterior column provided a degree of stability indistinguishable from that of other methods, and allowed the minimal exposure and devascularization of the pelvis. The 3.5 mm reconstruction plate, which is readily contoured to the intricate peri-acetabular bony structure, showed no significant difference in rigidity compared to the other apparently more rigid plates under study. PMID- 6524326 TI - Sliding screw-plate for fixation of femoral neck fracture. AB - Ninety-eight fractures of the femoral neck treated with a sliding screw-plate system were followed from 6 to 65 months. Two cases developing deep infection and four cases of primary technical failure were reoperated. Union was encountered in 80/92 of the fractures; 13/80 of the united fractures developed necrosis of the femoral head. Serious complications were thus encountered in 31/98 of the fractures, and 27 of these were reoperated. On the basis of comparison with reports on other methods for internal fixation, the sliding screw-plate method is recommended for fixation of femoral neck fractures. PMID- 6524327 TI - Osteosynthesis of femoral neck fracture. The sliding-screw-plate with or without compression. AB - In a prospective study of 220 displaced femoral neck fractures treated with a sliding-screw-plate, the cases were allocated to osteosynthesis with or without compression. In surviving patients followed for at least 1 year, union occurred in 57/85 with compression and 58/71 without compression. At 2 years, necrosis was radiographically evident in 9/37 and 7/36 united fractures. Thus, compression cannot be recommended when displaced femoral neck fractures are treated with a sliding-screw-plate. PMID- 6524328 TI - Hip fracture in rheumatoid arthritis. AB - All patients with rheumatoid arthritis, admitted for hip fracture to a regional hospital during a 5-year period, were studied in retrospect. Of 1092 hip fractures, 16 cervical and nine trochanteric fractures occurred in rheumatics. Four cervical fractures were stress fractures. The mean patient age was lower than in a normal hip fracture material and the female predominance more pronounced. Of 14 surviving patients with cervical fractures, three had an uncomplicated 2-year healing, while 11 developed redisplacement, non-union or segmental collapse, in eight cases necessitating hip arthroplasty. Of eight surviving patients with trochanteric fractures, serious complications developed in two: non-union in one and septicaemia in one, necessitating nail extraction 1 week after the primary operation. The complication rate was higher than in an unselected femoral neck fracture material. PMID- 6524329 TI - Heat caused by drilling cortical bone. Temperature measured in vivo in patients and animals. AB - In vivo temperature measurements were performed at drilling in the femoral cortex of the rabbit, dog and man. In the clinical study the bone temperature was measured at fixation of a Richards plate to stabilize a pertrochanteric fracture. With a drill speed of around 20 000 rpm and saline cooling, temperatures of 40 degrees C in rabbits, 56 degrees C in dogs and 89 degrees C in patients were recorded at a distance of 0.5 mm from the periphery of the drill hole. The difference in temperature between the animal and clinical studies was mainly attributed to the difference in cortical thickness between the species. When drilling straight through the canine femur from the lateral to the medial side, a 9 degrees C higher temperature was measured in the remote, medial cortex compared to that recorded in the lateral cortex. This difference arose because it is difficult for the cooling agent to reach the medial cortex. The results of the present study indicate that temperatures measured in animal experiments are not applicable to the clinical situation where very high temperatures may arise on drilling in cortical bone, even if saline cooling is used. PMID- 6524330 TI - Effects of rotational instability on healing of femoral osteotomies in the rat. AB - Three different degrees of rotational instability were induced in transversally osteotomized rat femora by means of intramedullary steel nails with various degrees of interlocking. Union was delayed in osteotomies with the greatest rotational instability. The strength, stiffness and energy absorption of the osteotomies at 4, 8 and 16 weeks were also lower in this group. At 25 weeks, the end-point of the experiment, there were no differences in incidence of union or in the mechanical properties between the experimental groups. We conclude that a high degree of rotational instability caused delayed fracture healing. PMID- 6524331 TI - Blood flow in rabbit osteotomies studied with radioactive microspheres. AB - Arterial embolisation with radio-active microspheres was used to measure the proportion of cardiac output to the skeleton and the tibiofibular bone both in unoperated rabbits and in rabbits after tibial osteotomy and subsequent external fixation. The mean uptake of the intact tibiofibula was 0.11 per cent of the cardiac output and, correspondingly, 0.21 per cent after the osteotomy. Maximal uptake occurred 18 days after the operation which was accompanied by a slight decrease in overall skeletal circulation. PMID- 6524332 TI - Extra-articular stabilization of the knee a.m. Losee. AB - During 1979-81, 34 patients were operated according to Losee for chronic disabling anterior cruciate insufficiency. Twenty-nine patients were available for follow-up after 2 (1-4) years. At follow-up, 20 patients had a negative Slocum test. Twenty-one patients had a Lysholm knee score greater than 77 points, and were classified as good or excellent, with a significant relation to anterolateral stability. PMID- 6524333 TI - Forelimb malformation in rats caused by cyclophosphamide. AB - A single dose of cyclophosphamide (20 mg/kg) was administered to female rats on Day 12 of gestation. Fetuses were collected at 24-h intervals from gestation Day 18 to 20. Gross malformations of the forelimb were observed, notably micromelia, oligodactyly, brachydactyly and adactyly. Specimens stained with Alizarin red-s and Alcian blue revealed postaxial skeletal deformities. Chronological histochemical investigations revealed delay in the ossification of the radius and completely unossified ulna; the end results showed the ulna to be more affected than the radius. PMID- 6524334 TI - Tarsometatarsal fracture-dislocation. AB - Closed and open treatment were compared in 12 cases of tarsometatarsal dislocation. When the dislocation involved the lateral component only, good results were observed in one of three cases treated closed and six of seven cases treated open. It is essential to reduce and stabilize the dislocation which is often overlooked unless carefully analyzed clinically and radiographically. PMID- 6524335 TI - Fractures of the calcaneus. A comparison of open and closed treatment. AB - Twenty patients with displaced intraarticular fractures of the calcaneus treated by open reduction and early postoperative motion exercises were compared after 2 12 years with 19 patients with similar fractures treated closed. The two groups were comparable regarding follow-up time, age, sex-distribution, and preinjury occupation. The pain and disability were almost equal in both groups. Three patients in both groups had marked residual symptoms, and equally many had negligible symptoms. The operated patients had less reduced subtalar motion, better ability to jump and run, longer walking distances on uneven surfaces, and reduced forward tilting of the lateral part of the posterior articular surface, but only a slightly improved Bohler angle. Nine operated and eight conservatively treated patients had radiographic signs of osteoarthrosis. Open reduction of the intraarticular fracture of the calcaneus may provide stability, allowing early motion and eventually improved subtalar function. However, postoperative complications are common, and the overall end results of open and closed treatment are almost equal. Primary operation of the fractured calcaneus should therefore rarely be indicated. PMID- 6524336 TI - Septic arthritis of the knee. Five cases treated with synovectomy. AB - Five cases of suppurative non-gonococcal arthritis of the knee were treated with synovectomy 1-2 weeks after the diagnoses were confirmed. Indications for operation were persistent fever and continuous effusion, in spite of adequate antibiotic treatment and serial needle aspirations. The infection subsided in all cases. At follow-up, 2 years after operation, one patient had died of other disease, and there had been no recurrences among the remaining four. One patient had disabling pain on weight-bearing and considerable restriction of knee motion with 2-3 mm radiographic narrowing of the joint space. Three knees were painless on normal motion, but in two case changes resembling osteochondritis were found radiographically. PMID- 6524337 TI - Changes in EP and inner ear ionic concentrations in experimental endolymphatic hydrops. AB - Unilateral endolymphatic hydrops was created in guinea pigs by endolymphatic duct obstruction. Using microelectrodes, studies of endocochlear potential (EP) and inner ear ionic concentrations were performed. EP was significantly decreased whereas Na+, K+, and Cl- concentrations in both scala media and scala tympani were not significantly altered. The presence of a decreased EP after endolymphatic duct obstruction appears to be a reliable indicator for the presence of hydrops. This decrease in EP without ionic concentration changes suggests that it is the electrogenic portion of EP which is altered in hydrops. PMID- 6524338 TI - Collagen fibres in otosclerosis and in osteogenesis imperfecta tarda. A light and electron microscopic study. AB - Skin biopsies taken from patients with osteogenesis imperfecta tarda and otosclerosis were compared blind by light- and electron microscopy with similar biopsies taken from normal volunteers in an effort to find common pathological features in the collagen fibres from the two patient groups, thus corroborating the theory that osteogenesis imperfecta and otosclerosis might be due to a common genetic anomaly in the form of a mesenchymal hypoplasia. We were not able to find differences in structure or quantity of the collagen-, elastic- or reticular fibres between normals and the two patient groups. We cannot, on the basis of our previous work and on the present morphological investigation, give support to the above-mentioned theory. PMID- 6524339 TI - Age-dependent changes in susceptibility to ototoxic hearing loss. AB - Several species undergo age-dependent changes in susceptibility to noise-induced and drug-induced hearing loss. In this experiment 18-day-old mice were given 200 mg/kg kanamycin plus varying doses of bumetanide (20, 30 or 40 mg/kg). Thresholds of the scalp-recorded compound action potential of the auditory nerve indicated that diuretic doses of 30 and 40 mg/kg produced significant loss of hearing sensitivity. Thirty-eight-day-old mice were then treated with 200 mg/kg kanamycin plus 40 mg/kg bumetanide and demonstrated no loss of hearing sensitivity. These results confirm the existence of age-dependent changes in susceptibility to ototoxic hearing loss in mice. Furthermore, the treatment, consisting of two injections on the same day, offers promise as a means of defining the critical period of susceptibility in greater detail than has been possible with aminoglycosides alone. PMID- 6524340 TI - Elemental composition of individual cells and tissues in the cochlea. AB - Localization of elements at the cellular and sub-cellular levels was performed with the energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis technique, using shock-frozen, freeze-dried and araldite-embedded mouse (CBA/CBA) cochleae sectioned dry. Anatomical identification occurred in the STEM (scanning transmission electron microscopy) mode. In inner hair cell stereocilia the K/Na ratio was 70:1 but only 20:1 in the cytoplasm. In outer hair cell cytoplasm the K/Na ratio was 11:1 while the ratio in stereocilia was similar to that in inner hair cells. Ca was identified in stereocilia and the upper part of the cytoplasm of both outer and inner hair cells. The elemental composition in the subtectorial space is endolymph-like and that in the inner tunnel of the organ of Corti is similar to extracellular fluid. Considerable regional differences in elemental composition occur in the tectorial membrane with regard to P, K and Ca. The highest concentration of Ca occurs in the basal part of the tectorial membrane towards the sensory hairs. The highest concentration of K occurs in the basal and outer parts whereas the middle part of the tectorial membrane contains low levels of both K and Ca. The elemental composition changes in two main directions: 1) from the limbal (growing) region to the tip of the tectorial membrane, and, 2) from upper to lower surfaces. The three cell types of the stria vascularis differ considerably in elemental composition. The highest concentration of K occurs in marginal cells. The basal cells contain more K than do the intermediate cells. A significantly higher concentration of Ca, Cl and Na occurs in marginal cell cytoplasm than in any other cell type in the stria vascularis. PMID- 6524341 TI - Instrumental perforation of the round window. Animal experiments using cochleography and ERA. AB - The round window membrane of the inner ear of the guinea pig was perforated under Ketanest anaesthesia. A very rapid and almost total loss of cochlear microphonics, auditory nerve action potential and brain-stem response developed. Replacement of the perilymph with Ringer's solution and surgical closure of the membrane damage had no effect on auditory nerve action potential or brain-stem response. Further decline in the amplitude of cochlear microphonics was halted, however. When perfusion of the round window membrane was carried out whilst the bulla was full with Ringer's solution, no essential decline was seen in the amplitudes of microphonics and auditory nerve action. Only brain-stem response was reduced--temporarily by 40% of the original amplitudinal level--but this showed subsequent recovery. Preservation of cochlear microphonics and auditory nerve action after perforation in Ringer's solution, i.e. excluding air, indicates that air entering the scala tympani is the cause of the sudden hearing loss after round window perforation. Using a simple physical model, an attempt is made to demonstrate this process. The anatomic connections between the round window, cochlear aqueduct and scala tympani are discussed, as are the different ways in which the round window membrane can be perforated. PMID- 6524343 TI - Semicircular canal orientation in the adult resting rabbit. AB - Photographs of rabbits in the alert resting position were used to record head position. Semicircular canals were surgically exposed and points measured along each canal were used to compute the best-fit plane using a least-squares method. Computations of mean best-fit planes showed that the horizontal canals were not carried horizontally in the rabbit. The anteromedial edges were superior by 16 degrees. The anterior canals were vertically oriented and made an angle of 43 degrees to the sagittal plane. The posterior canal was tipped in the anterior direction slightly and also made an acute angle (26 degrees) with the frontal plane. Rabbit semicircular canals deviated significantly from orthogonality. The range was 86 degrees (anterior canals) to 133 degrees (posterior canals). Thus, there were no co-planar canals. Such semicircular canal geometry has implications for the neural circuitry controlling posture in the rabbit. PMID- 6524342 TI - Human optokinetic afternystagmus. Slow-phase characteristics and analysis of the decay of slow-phase velocity. AB - Events following the extinction of lights after 1-minute exposures of naive, normal subjects to an optokinetic stimulus at 40 deg/sec have been closely examined and quantified. Mean eye displacement in each slow phase decreased from 10.12 +/- 1.61 deg during optokinetic nystagmus (OKN) to 3.36 +/- 2.32 deg during optokinetic afternystagmus (OKAN). Slow-phase duration increased from 0.26 +/- 0.03 sec during OKN to 0.45 +/- 0.195 sec during OKAN. Eye displacement per slow phase remained fairly constant during OKAN, suggesting a spatial reference for the resetting of gaze. OKAN decay is a two-component process which can be closely approximated by a sum of two exponentials, one with a short time constant of 1.15 sec and the other with a long time constant of 48.8 sec. OKAN decay commenced at a time after lights out which depended upon the presence and timing of an intervening fast phase. When a fast phase intervened, OKAN decay commenced about 230 msec after it, and about 460 msec after lights out. When lights out occurred during the fast phase, OKAN decay commenced about 340 msec later. PMID- 6524344 TI - Eye movements in patients with speech dyspraxia. AB - Saccades, smooth pursuit and angular acceleration induced nystagmus were analysed quantitatively in 10 patients with speech dyspraxia. The saccades were less accurate, had a prolonged reaction time and showed a tendency to reduced peak velocity, though only contralateral to the lesion. Smooth pursuit was imparied, with a reduction in maximum velocity gain. The vestibular responses tended to be hyperactive, indicating facilitated brain-stem reflexes. The findings show that a lesion in the frontal eye field can produce various oculomotor disturbances, in which the triggering of eye movements and their control, and pacing of the various movement sequences are disturbed. In addition, anticipation of a movement pattern requiring volition may be greatly impaired. PMID- 6524345 TI - Computerized analysis of voluntary eye movements. A clinical method for evaluation of smooth pursuit and saccades in oto-neurological diagnosis. AB - To permit rapid and exact quantification of the oculomotor function in clinical practice, a computerized program has been designed for the recording and analysis of pursuit eye movements and voluntary saccades. In a pursuit sequence the subject tracks a moving target, projected onto a screen at a constant speed of 20 degrees/sec over a horizontal visual angle of 60 degrees. The pursuit sequence is followed by a refixation saccade when the subject rapidly shifts his gaze back to the starting point of the target. A complete test procedure consists of ten consecutive pursuit sequences and refixation saccades in each direction. The EOG signal is fed to a PDP11/23 computer for storage and analysis. The pursuit eye movements are quantified and arranged in five velocity intervals: less than 8, 8 16, 16-24, 24-32 and greater than 32 degrees/sec. The relative distribution of the velocity content is calculated for these intervals and presented in histogram form. Saccades superimposing on the smooth pursuit are identified and grouped according to amplitude and direction. The refixation saccades are quantified as mean peak velocities and also the highest and lowest velocities of the refixation saccades are determined. In a material of 70 healthy subjects, normative data and limits for pathological function were established. In the smooth pursuit, 69% of the velocity values were located within the 16-24 degrees/sec interval. Pathological limits were set for each velocity interval and impaired pursuit tracking ability was considered to be present when those limits were reached in at least three of the five intervals. Normal mean peak eye velocity of the refixation saccade was found to be 460 degrees/sec with a range of 354-575 degrees/sec. Application of the test procedure and method of analysis is described in two patients with impairment of the oculomotor function due to a disturbance in the cerebellar brain stem area. PMID- 6524346 TI - Fibre population of the vestibulocochlear anastomosis in humans. AB - The vestibulocochlear anastomosis in the adult human was studied by light and electron microscopy. It was found to contain both myelinated and unmyelinated axons. The number of myelinated axons ranged from 223 to 695, with a mean of 360, while the unmyelinated axons varied from 638 to 1453, with a mean of 1005. The ratio of unmyelinated to myelinated axons varied from 2.1 to 4.4, with a mean of 3.0. PMID- 6524347 TI - Meniere's disease in Uppsala and Osaka. A comparative study. AB - A total of 100 patients with Meniere's disease, 50 at the University Hospital of Uppsala and 50 at the Osaka City University Hospital, were submitted to a test battery using the same methods, and the results obtained at the two hospitals were compared. Briefly the findings were as follows. There was no significant difference in age at examination or in the duration of illness. No significant difference was detected with regard to a) the average hearing loss or the types of audiogram, b) the incidence of spontaneous or positional nystagmus, or c) caloric and optokinetic test results. A linear correlation was found between caloric responses and pure tone audiograms in both the Uppsala and Osaka patients. PMID- 6524348 TI - A longitudinal study of the nasopharyngeal carriage of pneumococci as related to pneumococcal vaccination in children attending day-care centres. AB - A long-term study of nasopharyngeal carriership in 405 children, aged 6 months to 5 years, attending day-care centres was performed. The effect of pneumococcal vaccination was evaluated in a double-blind investigation where the children received either Pneumovax (a 14-valent pneumococcal vaccine) or saline. Nasopharyngeal cultures were taken monthly by a trained nurse during a 2-year follow-up period. No difference in pneumococcal carriage was found between vaccinees and controls. Pneumococci were found in 31.9% of all cultures. In day care centres attended by greater than or equal to 45 children the carriage rate of pneumococci was significantly higher than in centres with less than 45 children. Spreading of pneumococci within day-care centres was common but rather short-lived. Children younger than 2 years showed the highest carriage rates. Pneumococci of group 6 were carried most frequently and for longer periods than groups 19 and 23. PMID- 6524349 TI - Nasal mucosa reaction, catecholamines and lactate during physical exercise. AB - The relation between changes in mucosal congestion, as studied by rhinostereometry, and blood concentrations of lactate, epinephrine and nor epinephrine was studied in 7 volunteers during physical exercise to effort maximum and a subsequent rest period. In 6 volunteers the mucosa decongested evenly during exercise. The concentration of nor-epinephrine began to rise when half of the mucosal decongestion ability was utilized, but the concentrations of lactate and epinephrine did not rise until almost maximal decongestion was established. When exercise ceased the mucosa recongested rapidly and parallel to the decrease of the epinephrine and nor-epinephrine concentrations. The lactate concentrations remained at a high level until the mucosa had recongested considerably. In two of three tests of the remaining volunteer, after an initial partial decongestion, the mucosa began to recongest during continued exercise but the concentration of lactate, epinephrine and nor-epinephrine increased as in the other 6 volunteers. The present results support the view that nasal mucosa decongestion during exercise is due to sympathetic stimulus, but also show that there may exist a congestive stimulus stronger than the sympathetic stimulus. This latter observation implies the need for direct control of the nasal mucosa congestion during rhinological studies. PMID- 6524350 TI - Nasal problems in wood furniture workers. A study of symptoms and physiological variables. AB - The occurrence of symptoms from the upper airways in the furniture industry was studied by means of a questionnaire which was answered by 676 wood furniture workers from 50 different factories. Twenty per cent reported nasal hypersecretion and 40% nasal obstruction. A randomized sample of 61 workers was investigated further. Rhinomanometry confirmed the sense of nasal obstruction objectively. The air-conditioning capacity was normal. Nasal clearance was reduced in 54% of the wood-workers. Spirometry revealed a significantly reduced forced expiratory vital capacity in the investigated workers, compared with a normal reference material. The mean concentration of wood dust was 2.0 mg/m3 air (range 0.30-5.06 mg/m3). These results have initiated further allergological and morphological studies in wood furniture workers. PMID- 6524351 TI - ["T" method laryngectomy]. PMID- 6524352 TI - [Treatment of bilateral paralysis in abduction of the vocal cords: results of intervention by arytenoidopexy]. PMID- 6524353 TI - [Tracheostomy under regional anesthesia]. PMID- 6524354 TI - [Cervical chordomas]. PMID- 6524355 TI - [Rhinomanometric and cephalometric study on the coexistence of malformations of the palate and nasal septum]. PMID- 6524356 TI - [Circadian changes of nasal resistance in normal subjects]. PMID- 6524357 TI - [Tomography in the sialographic study of tumor growth in the salivary glands]. PMID- 6524358 TI - [Real usefulness of intraoperative frozen-section biopsy in parathyroid pathology]. PMID- 6524359 TI - [Auditory evoked potentials of the brainstem in the diagnosis and evaluation of states of nervous involvement in chronic nephropathies]. PMID- 6524360 TI - [Evaluation of prosthesis use in a sample of deaf children]. PMID- 6524361 TI - Regulation of renal water excretion in newborn full-term infants. AB - The renal response to low (45 ml/kg) and high (73 ml/kg) fluid intake was studied during an 8-hour period in healthy 3-4-day-old full-term infants. 20 infants received low fluid (LF) intake and 15 infants received high fluid (HF) intake. HF significantly increased urine flow and significantly decreased urine osmolality but did not influence glomerular filtration rate measured as the clearance of creatinine. Serum arginine vasopressin (s-AVP) was not different in the LF and HF groups and did not correlate to urine osmolality. Urinary sodium excretion was significantly correlated to the diuresis. CONCLUSION: Following high fluid intake full-term infants are capable to adaptively excrete larger urine volumes and more dilute urine by mechanisms independent of AVP. S-AVP appears to relate differently to the state of hydration and to urine osmolality in infants than in adults. PMID- 6524362 TI - Plasma and urine osmolality in full-term and pre-term infants. AB - The purpose of the present study was to determine the normal relationship of urine and plasma osmolality in pre-term and full-term infants. Twenty-nine full term and 35 pre-term babies were studied during the first week of life. Random simultaneous urine and plasma samples were measured for osmolality. Statistical analysis defined the normal relationship of plasma to urine osmolality. This suggests an osmotic threshold of 282 mOsm/kg and 291 mOsm/kg for full-term and pre-term babies, respectively. These values are different from the 285-290 mOsm/kg of adolescents and adults. The nomograms provided may serve as a useful aid in the bedside diagnosis of dysfunctional secretion of vasopressin. PMID- 6524363 TI - Pulse methylprednisolone therapy in severe idiopathic childhood nephrotic syndrome. AB - The effect of methyl prednisolone therapy (PM) was studied in 18 children with severe idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (NS). Eight patients were defined as "corticosteroid-resistant" because there was no response to treatment after a minimum of 4 weeks of 2 mg/kg/day of prednisone; 10 patients had a corticosteroid dependent NS with frequent relapses which occurred under a high threshold dose of prednisone (1 mg/kg/day). Each patient received 4-6 pulses of 1 g/1.73 m2 methylprednisolone. Tolerance was generally good. PM therapy permitted a more rapid remission than oral prednisone (average 9 +/- 4 days vs. 22 +/- 9 days). Remission occurred in 5 of the 8 corticosteroid-resistant patients three of these 5 patients developed corticosteroid-dependent NS. For the children with a corticosteroid-dependent nephrotic syndrome, PM therapy did not affect the threshold dose of prednisone. PMID- 6524364 TI - Longitudinal study of calcium metabolism in male puberty. I. Bone mineral content, and serum levels of alkaline phosphatase, phosphate and calcium. AB - With the purpose of studying calcium metabolism at the growth spurt phase in puberty, bone mineral content (BMC) of the forearm, and serum concentrations of total alkaline phosphatase, phosphate, and calcium were determined in 36 boys every three months for about 2 years. BMC increased 35% throughout the study age period of 10.6 to 14.6 years, with a maximal rate between 12.8 and 13.8 years. In relation to growth velocity BMC rose steepest during the 12 months around peak height velocity (PHV) (p less than 0.001) and showed a progressive increase from 3 months before the first pubic hair stage (PH2) to PH4 (p less than 0.001). Serum alkaline phosphatase increased by a total of 55% throughout the age period with a diminished rate of increase from 13.5 to 14 years, around the PHV, and from PH3 to PH4. PMID- 6524365 TI - Elevated serum vitamin B12 in cystic fibrosis. AB - In 62 patients with cystic fibrosis the serum vitamin B12 concentration ranged from 160-2600 pmol/l with a mean of 1 105 pmol/l. Both vitamin B12-binding proteins in the serum, transcobalamin II and R-binders, carried increased amounts of vitamin B12, but showed relatively normal levels of unsaturated vitamin B12 binding capacity. This combination is rather typical for hepatic dysfunction, although the recurrent pulmonary infections might exert an upward effect on plasma R-binder concentration through increased turnover of myeloid cells. A significant positive correlation between transcobalamin II-vitamin B12 and serum alkaline phosphatase suggests that transcobalamin II-bound vitamin B12 might be an early indicator of focal biliary cirrhosis, which is known to occur in these patients. PMID- 6524366 TI - Breast-feeding, bottle-feeding and related factors. The Leiden Pre-School Children Study. AB - Infant feeding practices and related factors were studied in a survey of 189 mothers of 4-month-old infants in 1980 and of 151 mothers of 6-month-old infants in 1982. In both groups about 70% of the mothers commenced with breast-feeding. In 1980, 21% of the infants were still being breast-fed at the age of 4 months, compared with 32% in 1982. 26% of the infants were still being breast-fed at the age of 6 months. The most frequently mentioned reason for not commencing with or discontinuing breast-feeding was 'insufficient milk'. Univariate analyses showed that the educational level of the mother and her smoking habits were significantly related to both the commencement and the duration of breast-feeding in 1980 and 1982. These results were confirmed by multivariate analyses which suggest that well educated, non-smoking mothers are the most successful in breast feeding their infants. PMID- 6524367 TI - Breast-milk antimicrobial factors of rural Gambian mothers. I. Influence of stage of lactation and maternal plane of nutrition. AB - The concentrations of IgA, IgG, IgM, C3, C4, lactoferrin, lysozyme and secretory component in the mature breast milk of 152 rural Gambian mothers were measured up to 26 months lactation. The concentrations and daily secretion of all the immunoproteins, except lysozyme, decreased during the first year of lactation, but were well maintained thereafter. The production of lysozyme increased progressively throughout lactation. Compared with 10 mothers in Cambridge, U.K., the daily secretion of IgG, IgM, C3 and C4 was higher in The Gambia, that of IgA and lactoferrin was similar in the two communities, and that of lysozyme and secretory component was lower in The Gambia. A dietary supplement given to 90 Gambian mothers, raised the mean daily energy intake from a maximum of 1650 kcal/day and a hungry-season minimum of 1 200 kcal/day to 2 300 kcal/day throughout the study. The supplement did not enhance the production of breast milk immunoproteins. PMID- 6524369 TI - Unexplained protracted infant deaths. AB - Seven unexplained, protracted infant deaths with similar clinical, biochemical and laboratory characteristics are described, being similar to other groups reported previously. Although autopsy examination frequently revealed extensive tissue damage, a primary cause of death could not be elucidated. It is argued that this condition represents a protracted form of conventional cot death and should be considered in any severely shocked infant where the cause is not readily identifiable. Many of the clinical and pathological manifestations are similar to those described in endotoxic shock and a small intestinal mucosal abnormality on histology of unknown pathogenesis was common. PMID- 6524368 TI - The relationships of transcephalic impedance, head growth and caloric intake to outcome in preterm infants. AB - Twenty-two preterm infants with birth weights less than 1 400 g were measured weekly with transcephalic impedance and occipital-frontal head circumference. Mean caloric intake/kg/day was calculated weekly. All infants were assessed at one year of age with Bayley Mental and Motor Scales and neurological assessment. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed indicating that transcephalic impedance was the most powerful of the three measures as a predictor of sequelae. PMID- 6524371 TI - Metabolic control in diabetic children. PMID- 6524370 TI - Blood-pressures in offspring of hypertensive parents. AB - The blood-pressures in a material of 59 children aged 6-17 years and 49 adults aged 18-37 years, all of whom had one parent with essential hypertension were compared with control materials. Despite the facts that all of these had one parent with essential hypertension and 2/3 had, in addition, at least one grandparent with essential hypertension, the blood-pressures in the age-group 6 17 years did not differ from the control population. This held true also for the pulse, obesity index, weight and HDL/total cholesterol. In the age-group 18-37 years, 22% had diastolic blood-pressures of over the 95% control percentile. In the group of men as a whole, the diastolic blood-pressure (phase 4) was significantly higher (p less than 0.01) than in the control population while no difference in the systolic blood-pressure was found. It is concluded that it does not appear to be necessary to control the blood-pressure in children under the age of 18 years with one hypertensive parent more frequently than in other children, while there may be good reasons for controlling the blood-pressure in young adults over 18 years if one of the parents has hypertension. PMID- 6524372 TI - The McCune-Albright syndrome. PMID- 6524373 TI - Growth and puberty arrest due to prolactinoma. AB - A 13-year-old male with prolactin secreting pituitary tumor is described. The unusual features were arrested puberty and growth. Previously reported pediatric patients with prolactinoma are reviewed. The importance of serum prolactin measurement and bromocriptine therapy is emphasized. PMID- 6524374 TI - Septic shock and hyperthermia as possible teratogenic factors. AB - An infant with arthrogryposis and mental retardation is presented. The mother had a septic shock with hyperthermia in the 20th gestational week. The possible relationship between these events is discussed. PMID- 6524375 TI - Comparative study of alterations of skeletal muscle in Duchenne muscular dystrophy and polymyositis. AB - Histological and ultrastructural alterations of skeletal muscles in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) (32 cases) and polymyositis (PM) (33 cases) were compared qualitatively and quantitatively. Regeneration is more numerous in PM than DMD throughout all stages. Stromal fibrosis and hyaline fiber with delta lesion are characteristic for DMD. In the electron microscope, we observed the usual preservation of basement membrane in degenerating muscle fibers and uncomplicated muscle regeneration in PM. On the other hand, there were partial disruption of the plasma membrane lining the delta lesion and degeneration of basement membrane and probable invasion of collagen fiber into sarcoplasm in some hypercontracted fibers in DMD. Besides, there appeared atypical form of regeneration in DMD, namely myocytes arrested at the stage of mononuclear myoblast or primitive myotube with degeneration of myofibrils and cytoplasmic organelles. At the advanced stage of DMD, there was scarce activity of regeneration. Stromal fibrosis, abnormality of membrane systems, and failure of regeneration were the characteristics of DMD. PMID- 6524376 TI - Morphometric analysis of human neuromuscular junction in different ages. AB - Application of morphometric analysis to the study of neuromuscular junction is helpful to the quantitative approach of ultrastructural changes. In this study, twelve autopsied subjects of different ages were examined on the ultrastructure of neuromuscular junctions using morphometric analysis. The postsynaptic area and postsynaptic membrane length were significantly greater in adults than in infants. The results indicate that the number and/or depth of the secondary synaptic clefts of adults are greater than those of infants. In the aged subjects, presynaptic membrane length and postsynaptic membrane density showed a significant decrease. The latter observations were thought to be the results of regressive changes of pre-and postsynaptic structure with aging. The variations of each structural element were also studied. The large variations were found in the postsynaptic area, postsynaptic membrane length, and membrane length ratio of adults and aged group. On the other hand, variations in postsynaptic membrane density were small in all age groups. The importance of the knowledge of these age related changes and variations in the studies of neuromuscular junction was discussed. PMID- 6524377 TI - Peripheral and autonomic nerve lesions in systemic amyloidosis. Three pathological types of amyloid polyneuropathy. AB - Twenty autopsy cases of systemic amyloidosis, consisting of 10 cases of primary systemic amyloidosis, 6 cases of myeloma-associated amyloidosis, 2 cases of secondary amyloidosis, and 2 cases of hereditary amyloidosis, were studied clinically and pathologically with special reference to peripheral and autonomic neuropathy. The peripheral nerves of 8 cases with clinical manifestations of polyneuropathy showed deposition of amyloid in the endoneurium, capillaries within the nerve fascicles, perineurium, and epineurium with a loss and degeneration of the nerve fibers. In the peripheral nerve lesions of these cases, there appeared to be three types: I. Endoneurial deposition of amyloid--loss of unmyelinated and small myelinated fibers, II. vessel wall deposition of amyloid in the vasa nervorum--loss of large myelinated fibers; and III. a mixed type of I and II. While the peripheral nerves of 12 cases without neuropathy mainly showed deposition of amyloid in the epineurium and perineurium with well preserved nerve fibers. The possibility was considered that the pathogenesis and variety of peripheral and autonomic nerve lesions might be related to the various molecular features of amyloid proteins or their precursors in systemic amyloidosis. PMID- 6524378 TI - Ultrastructure of cartilaginous tumors and S-100 protein in the tumors. With reference to the histogenesis of chondroblastoma, chondromyxoid fibroma and mesenchymal chondrosarcoma. AB - Twelve cartilaginous tumors were studied by electron microscopy and the presence of S-100 protein was studied immunohistochemically in order to clarify the cell origin of chondroblastoma, chondromyxoid fibroma, and mesenchymal chondrosarcoma. Three chondroblastomas were characterized by round or ovoid tumor cells with some cytoplasmic processes, well-developed organelles and thick fibrous laminae in the nuclear membrane, occasional multinucleated giant cells and scanty chondroid matrix. S-100 protein was demonstrated in the tumor cells and some multinucleated giant cells Two chondromyxoid fibromas revealed tumor cells of varied shapes with characteristic cartilaginous differentiation and abundant chondroid matrix. Spindle tumor cells showed the ultrastructural features of cartilage cells rather than of fibroblasts and S-100 protein was also demonstrated in their cytoplasm. Chondroblastoma and chondromyxoid fibroma were considered to arise from chondrocytes. Mesenchymal chondrosarcoma ultrastructurally exhibited round tumor cells with cartilaginous nature in cartilage islands. Poorly-differentiated portions were composed of primitive round or elongated cells with occasionally admixed round cells with ultrastructural features of cartilaginous differentiation. S-100 protein was demonstrated in the cells in cartilage islands and in single cells admixed in poorly-differentiated portions. These results support the hypothesis of primitive mesenchymal origin with a tendency to differentiate toward cartilage cells. PMID- 6524379 TI - Cellular and humoral dynamics in the periarterial lymphatic sheaths of rat spleens. AB - Humoral and cellular dynamics in the periarterial lymphatic sheath (PALS) of the splenic white pulp were investigated in regards to the lymph flow and the architecture of the deep lymphatics in rat spleens. The effects of the splenic venous pressure on the lymph flow were also examined. We found a remarkable depletion of lymphocytes in the PALS and strong lymph flow to the deep lymphatics from the red pulp when the spleen was perfused via the splenic artery at a high speed with a high venous pressure. It was evident that lymphocyte depletion in the PALS depended on the venous pressure during the perfusion. Hemorrhage and lymphocyte depletion in the PALS also occurred after the ligature of the splenic vein. The migration of charcoal particles into the PALS via the red pulp was observed after intravenous or direct injection of charcoal particles. However, the bridging channels in the marginal zone (MZ) were always free of charcoal particles. The existence of deep lymphatics was confirmed around the central arteries which were more than 20 microns in diameter. The ligature of the thoracic duct resulted in the dilatation of the deep lymphatics and intercellular spaces which were easily recognized as the termination of the splenic lymphatics. The terminal lymphatics were localized only in the PALS but not in the follicles. Therefore, the PALS might be considered to act as a central station of the extra vascular pathway which is connected to both the deep lymphatics and the MZ bridging channels. PMID- 6524380 TI - An ultrastructural study of extraskeletal mesenchymal chondrosarcoma. AB - A rare case of extraskeletal mesenchymal chondrosarcoma in a 47-year-old woman is reported. The tumor was located in the soft tissue of left upper arm without any involvement of the humerus. The outer portion of the tumor was histologically composed of primitive mesenchymal cells, and the inner portion showed zones of cartilaginous differentiation. Ultrastructurally, the tumor cells in the primitive areas had a relatively small number of mitochondria, rough endoplasmic reticulum, and free polysomes, and the matrix of the tumor consisted of dense bundles of collagen fibrils. The cartilaginous cells seen in the central portion of tumor were embedded in the matrix of abundant collagen fibrils and matrix granules. They had polysomes, well-developed Golgi complexes, and ample rough endoplasmic reticulum frequently with dilatation. Clear zones adjacent to the cells were seen in the extracellular matrix. With a review of the literature, the histogenesis of this particular tumor is discussed. PMID- 6524381 TI - Malignant lymphoma, small non-cleaved, non-Burkitt's type. AB - An autopsy case of "Malignant lymphoma, small non-cleaved, non-Burkitt's type" with hypercalcemia is presented. A 57-year-old Japanese man suffering from epigastralgia and "retroperitoneal tumor" for nine months was found at autopsy to have two large tumor masses in the retroperitoneum and pelvic cavity. Tumor cell infiltration into the liver, spleen, both kidneys, and both adrenal glands was observed on microscopic examination. The tumor cells were lymphoid cells with the characteristics of "Malignant lymphoma, small non-cleaved, non-Burkitt's type". The importance of recognizing non-Burkitt's type is pointed out. The cause of the presence of hypercalcemia is also discussed. PMID- 6524382 TI - A thymic tumor with massive proliferation of myoid cells. AB - A case of thymic tumor, composed of both epithelial and myoid cells, was presented. The myoid cells occurred in clusters, and showed prominent proliferation between the nests of epithelial cells. The myoid cells had intracytoplasmic myofibrils, and there were foci of electron dense Z-lines along the course of these fibrils. Some of these cells possessed sarcomeres identical to those of striated-muscle cells. Histochemically, a significant amount of glycosaminoglycans was observed on the surface of the myoid cells. PMID- 6524383 TI - Chronic granulomatous disease of childhood and sea-blue histiocytosis. A pathologic study of an autopsy case. AB - A boy, who started remittent fever reaching 40 degrees C at the age of 4 years and 9 months and gradually developed hepatosplenomegaly, lymphadenopathy, pancytopenia, and hypergammaglobulinemia, is reported. Aspirated bone marrows contained sea-blue histiocytes, and nitroblue tetrazolium test was abnormal. X ray examination revealed a tumor mass in the right lung, uremia occurred terminally, and he died at the age of 10 years and 3 months. Surgical specimens, obtained by splenectomy, and necropsy revealed the presence of characteristic sea blue cells in the bone marrow, spleen, lymph nodes, liver, and kidneys, and pseudotuberculous granulomas with or without aspergillus in the lungs, epicardium, liver, and lymph nodes. Histochemically, sea-blue granules accumulating in the cytoplasm of the histiocytes were proved to be a lipogenic ceroid-like pigment. Electron microscopically, these granules were comprised of round or ovoid, membrane-bound or free lipid droplets of various sizes and electron densities, occasionally containing poorly oriented, lamellar structures. The nature and possible pathogenesis of the sea-blue histiocytosis in this case are discussed briefly. PMID- 6524384 TI - Heterotopic gastric mucosa in the small intestine. AB - A case of tumorous heterotopic gastric mucosa which acted as a leading point of jejunal double-barrelled intussusception in a 16-year-old girl is presented. The lesion, 5 x 3 x 2 cm, was polypoid in shape with sharp circumscription. Histologically, the tumor consisted of gastric fundic and pseudopyloric glands. The pertinent literature is also reviewed. PMID- 6524385 TI - Adenolymphoma with massive necrosis and squamous metaplasia. AB - A 61-year-old female presented with a longstanding parotid mass with recent change in size. Histologically, the mass was composed of extensively necrotic tissue with a peripheral rim of ribbons of epithelium. In one focus, a double layer of oxyphilic epithelium overlying a lymphoid stroma in a papillary configuration was present, establishing the diagnosis of adenolymphoma (AL). The possibility of infarction and/or infection complicating AL is discussed. In any parotid gland lesion clinically presenting as a longstanding tumor with recent change clinically suggestive of infarction and/or infection, the diagnosis of AL should be considered. In the pathologic specimen with extensive necrosis, areas of preserved epithelium and stroma should be searched for carefully to confirm the diagnosis. PMID- 6524386 TI - Breast cancer with osteoclast-like multinucleated giant cells. AB - A case of breast cancer containing osteoclast-like multinucleated giant cells was examined cytologically, light and electron microscopically to find morphological evidences suggesting the origin of the giant cells. There were multiple evidences showing the same carcinomatous origin of each cells including osteoclast-like multinucleated giant cells. PMID- 6524387 TI - In vitro investigations of human immunoglobulin preparations: Fc-receptor reactivity and complement consumption. AB - The complement consuming activity and monocyte Fc-receptor (FcR) binding of some commercial IgG-preparations for intravenous (i.v.) and intramuscular (i.m.) use was investigated. A pepsin-treated IgG-preparation for i.v. use exhibited no detectable complement consuming activity and impaired FcR binding, whereas an unmodified IgG preparation had no detectable complement consuming activity, but retained full FcR binding. A preparation prepared by PEG-precipitation and ion exchange chromatography exhibited low complement consuming activity as well as good FcR binding. Three preparations for i.m. use showed moderate to strong complement consuming activity, whereas only one of these preparations retained full FcR binding. PMID- 6524388 TI - Long-term effect of pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccination on serum IgM and IgG antibody levels in individuals splenectomized for trauma. AB - The IgM and IgG pneumococcal antibody levels were measured one year after vaccination with a 14-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine in 12 individuals splenectomized due to trauma and 10 non-splenectomized individuals. The results were compared with the antibody levels before and four weeks after vaccination. One year after vaccination there were only minor differences between the two groups. The IgM response to most of the serotypes had almost vanished. There were only significant IgG responses to a few serotypes after one year, but the mean antibody levels of all the 14 serotypes showed some persistence of the IgG response. There was a tendency for the splenectomized individuals that were younger than 15 years of age to have a somewhat reduced antibody response after pneumococcal vaccination. This could indicate that pneumococcal vaccination might be less efficient in that group of individuals where the need for a protective vaccine is most urgent. PMID- 6524389 TI - Muscle glycogen depletion patterns in type I and subgroups of type II fibres during prolonged severe exercise in man. AB - Glycogen depletion of muscle fibre types I, II A, II AB and II B was studied using a histochemical method to quantify glycogen content in individual fibres. The reliability was examined in 29 muscle biopsies, in which total glycogen content was compared to average periodic acid Schiff (PAS) stain intensity in sections from the same samples. Over a wide range of glycogen content (1-252 mmole glucosyl units . kg-1 wet weight) a linear relationship (r = 0.93) was found between the two methods for quantification of muscle glycogen. Glycogen depletion patterns in type I, II A, II AB and II B fibres were studied in 5 subjects during exhaustive bicycle exercise at 75% of VO2 max. At rest before exercise glycogen content was 16% higher in type II subgroups than in type I (p less than 0.05). From start of exercise the same glycogen depletion rate was observed in type I and II A. Glycogen content of Type II AB and II B was unchanged during the first part of exercise. Later a decrease was observed, first in type II AB and finally in II B, suggesting a decrease in threshold force of these fibre types. The results indicate physiological differences between the 3 subgroups of type II fibres in man, whereas at the present exercise intensity type I and II A fibres were recruited simultaneously from start. PMID- 6524390 TI - Modes of thermal protection in newborn muskoxen (Ovibos moschatus). AB - The muskoxen (Ovibos moschatus), a native of Greenland and the Canadian North West Territories, give birth in late April, and the newborn calves are known to tolerate an ambient temperature (Ta) of -35 degrees C. At birth the calves weigh about 8 kg, increasing in weight with 0.6 kg . day-1 for the first 30 days. With a deep body temperature (DBT) of 39.5 degrees C (range 37.7-41.3 degrees C) the newborn calves are consequently able to maintain a thermogradient of at least 70 degrees C between body core and the environment. The calves use primarily two modes of thermal protection: High metabolic heat production and prime fur insulation. Metabolic rate was about 3.5 W . kg-1 at thermoneutrality in calves aged from 8 h to 7 days. Lower critical temperature at this age was about -7 degrees C and a drop in Ta to -30 degrees C increased metabolism to about 5.3 W . kg-1. Upper critical temperature at age 4-7 days is as low as 20 degrees C, while it in calves aged only 18-24 h appears to be even lower. The calves possess great amounts of brown adipose tissue (BAT) at birth. Mitochondria from the BAT deposits were isolated and found to be in an extremely loose-coupled state with a great capacity for thermogenesis. Skeletal muscle contained very few mitochondria and is hardly employed in aerobic non-shivering thermogenesis. Calves shiver visibly while drying just after birth, but are normally not seen shivering thereafter. The conductance value for the dry pelt of newborn calves averaged 3.2 W . m-2 . 0 degrees C-1 (n = 4). Wetting of the pelt with ice-water at a Ta of 3 degrees C increased conductance to 8.8 W . m-2 . 0 degrees C-1. The conductance of the pelt was also influenced by wind, being 10 W . m-2 . C-1 at a wind-speed of 10 m . sec-1. The legs of the newborn calves are heavily furred and countercurrent circulation is not present, subcutaneous temperature just above the hooves being +29.8 degrees C at Ta of -24 degrees C as compared to 37.5 degrees C on the back. The newborn calves could cope with a Ta of -30 degrees C without apparent problems under experimental conditions, but they suffered hypothermia when exposed to a Ta of -33 degrees C in combination with wind of 10 m . sec-1.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6524391 TI - Neuronal and extraneuronal uptake of L-3H-adrenaline and L-14C-noradrenaline in the fish spleen. AB - The neuronal and extraneuronal uptake of adrenaline and noradrenaline in the isolated perfused spleen of the cod has been studied using radiolabelled amines. The neuronal uptake of adrenaline shows an optimum at 0.5 microgram/ml, but is less efficient than for noradrenaline in the concentration range 0.01-2.5 micrograms/ml. The neuronal uptake of noradrenaline accounts for 60-70% of the total (neuronal plus extraneuronal) uptake in the concentration range 0.01-1.0 microgram/ml. At higher concentrations (2.5-5.0 micrograms/ml) the importance of the extraneuronal uptake increases for both amines, to reach more than 90% of the total uptake at 5.0 micrograms/ml. The extraneuronal uptake shows equal efficiency for the two amines throughout the concentration range studied. It is concluded that the cod spleen possesses a neuronal uptake mechanism which shows a higher uptake efficiency for noradrenaline than for adrenaline, while the extraneuronal uptake mechanism shows no preference. PMID- 6524392 TI - Calcitonin-like immunoreactivity in human milk, longitudinal alterations and divalent cations. AB - The concentration of immunoreactive calcitonin (iCT) in human milk was 10-40 times the serum level. Thus in milk samples collected from 29 mothers within one week and from 46 mothers three months post partum the levels of iCT were respectively 2.46 +/- 0.99 ng/ml (mean +/- SD) and 0.58 +/- 0.08 ng/ml. Eight of the 29 mothers delivered milk at two occasions, 1-2 and 4-6 days after delivery. There was a significant decline of iCT with about 20% during this period. One mother delivered milk for two months. During the first week after delivery the iCT decreased from 1.4 to 0.5 ng/ml and after that the iCT content remained rather constant. The level of ionized calcium (Ca++) was correlated to iCT the first week post partum (r = 0.72 p less than 0.01) but not in milk samples obtained after three months. The concentration of magnesium was weakly correlated to iCT during the first week post partum (r = 0.37 p less than 0.05). There was no correlation between iCT and the total calcium level nor to the concentration of zinc. The high concentration of iCT in milk compared to serum suggests a local production of iCT within the mammary gland or a specific transport and concentration mechanism. PMID- 6524393 TI - Transcapillary passage of albumin in mammary tumours and in normal lactating mammary glands of the rat. AB - A triple-isotope technique was used to obtain albumin clearances and blood flow in DMBA induced mammary tumours, normal lactating mammary glands and various other tissues of the rat. Albumin clearance was high both in tumours (0.0337 ml/min/100 g) and in lactating mammary glands (0.0414 ml/min/100 g). Albumin extraction (defined as the ratio of clearance over plasma flow) was exceptionally high in tumours (23 X 10(-4)) and lactating glands (18 X 10(-4)) as compared to all other tissues (1-7 X 10(-4)). This probably reflects an increased capillary permeability to macromolecules and/or a change in the relation between blood flow and available capillary surface area, both in the physiological, hormonally induced gland and in the abnormal neoplasia derived from the same tissue. Increased extravasation of albumin, together with other changes (e.g. impaired lymph formation) may be important factors behind the production of increased tumour interstitial pressure, which tend to reduce nutritional blood flow in tumours. PMID- 6524394 TI - Normal and homogeneous red blood cell populations over a wide range of hyper-iso hypotonic media. III. Corrected volumes in Coulter Counter measurements. AB - The volumes of human erythrocytes after rapid and gradual swelling in hypotonic NaCl media were measured using a Coulter Counter ZB at temperatures of +4 degrees C and +20 degrees C together with potassium leakage, the degree of hemolysis and the 'returning volume', i.e., the volume in an isotonic solution to which the cells will return from that in a hypotonic solution. The methodological and systematic errors in the volume measurements were corrected by taking into account the shape dependence of the Coulter Counter and the change in cell population during hemolysis, whereafter the measured cell volume values and the comparison between them become more reliable. The curves for cell volume as an inverse function of osmotic pressure appeared to be non-linear. The slopes were small at first but showed a rapid increase as the cells approached their maximal volume. The critical hemolytic volume was approx. 8% higher at +20 degrees C after both rapid and gradual swelling than at +4 degrees C and approx. 4% higher after a gradual swelling as compared with a rapid swelling both at +4 degrees C and +20 degrees C. A decrease in temperature resulted in an increase in the critical osmotic pressure both in rapid and gradual hemolysis, but did not greatly affect the amount of prelytic K+ leakage. The critical osmotic pressure was smaller in gradual hemolysis than in rapid hemolysis and the prelytic K+ leakage was doubled at both +4 degrees C and +20 degrees C. The shifts in osmotic fragility as a function of temperature may be due to differences in the visco elastic properties of the cell membrane, but the shifts in osmotic fragility as a function of swelling rate may be connected with differences in potassium leakage and membrane stretch. PMID- 6524395 TI - Cation permeability and mechanical properties of the erythrocyte membrane under the influence of lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) in isotonic and hypotonic media. AB - The osmotic behaviour of erythrocytes under the influence of lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) was investigated at temperatures of +4 degrees C and 20 degrees C by allowing them either to swell rapidly in hypotonic media in the presence of LPC or to swell gradually at first and then interact with LPC. Prelytic potassium release, the degree of hemolysis and the cell volume under various osmotic conditions were measured, together with the 'returning volumes', i.e. the volumes in an isotonic solution to which the cells returned from that in the hypotonic solution. LPC had a hemolyzing effect on erythrocytes in an isotonic medium and in slightly hypotonic media under all the osmotic conditions investigated, and the degree of hemolysis increased with increasing concentrations of LPC or decreasing temperatures, being greater during gradual than during rapid swelling. LPC also produced a prelytic leakage of potassium connected with the decrease in cell volume in an isotonic medium and in 'returning volumes' in all the media and under all the osmotic conditions investigated. The semipermeability of the membrane was preserved in all these cases, however, for osmotic swelling of the erythrocytes was observed, although to a lesser extent than without LPC. During rapid swelling both the curves for the prelytic potassium leakage and the degree of hemolysis were shifted towards more dilute solutions. Since the critical hemolytic volume was not increased, the shift in potassium leakage and hemolysis caused by LPC may be due to increased rigidity in the cell membrane. The curves for both potassium leakage and hemolysis shifted towards more concentrated solutions during gradual swelling, perhaps due to increased membrane fragmentation. PMID- 6524396 TI - Changes in neuromuscular performance and muscle fiber characteristics of elite power athletes self-administering androgenic and anabolic steroids. AB - The influence of androgenic-anabolic steroid-induced changes in measures of body composition, muscle fiber characteristics and various aspects of the neuromuscular performance of the leg extensor muscles was investigated in five experimental and six control power athletes during the 24-week programmed strength training followed by the additional six week training without hormone drugs. The mean values of the dosages of self-administration during the 24-week period were 31.0 +/- 14.3 mg/day for anabolic steroids (methandienone, stanozolol, nandrolone) and 178.4 +/- 82.7 mg/week for testosterone. During the 24-week hormone period the experimental group gained in fat-free weight (p less than 0.01) and in the mean muscle fiber areas (p less than 0.01) of the vastus lateralis muscle while the corresponding gains in the control group were minor (NS). The increases of maximal isometric force in the experimental and control groups were 14.7% (p less than 0.01) and 6.1% (NS), respectively, and the values obtained in average load-vertical jumping height curves were improved significantly (p less than 0.05) only in the experimental group. Increases of 18.2% (p less than 0.001) and 12.9% (p less than 0.01) took place in the squat lift in the experimental and control groups, respectively. Both groups demonstrated similar (p less than 0.05) improvements in isometric fast force production. During the additional six week programmed training without hormone drugs significant (p less than 0.05) increases were observed in the experimental group in addition to maximal isometric force and the squat-lift but also in isometric fast force production, while the corresponding changes in the control group were minor (NS). It is suggested that strength training in combination with administration of androgenic-anabolic steroids causes improvements in selected neuromuscular parameters. These changes may be greater than those of caused by the strength training alone. PMID- 6524397 TI - Vitamin E deficiency and the susceptibility to lipid peroxidation of mouse cardiac and skeletal muscles. AB - Effects of a short-term vitamin E deficiency on some lipid peroxidative properties were investigated in mouse cardiac and skeletal muscles. The concentration of vitamin E decreased 35.8% in 5 weeks and 61.2% in 12 weeks in skeletal muscle. The corresponding decrease in cardiac muscle was 65.7% in 12 weeks. Simultaneously the susceptibility of muscle homogenates to in vitro lipid peroxidation increased with 48.6% (5 weeks) and 44.5% (12 weeks) in skeletal muscle and with 101.8% (12 weeks) in cardiac muscle. Highly significant negative correlations were observed between the concentration of vitamin E and in vitro lipid peroxidation in cardiac and skeletal muscles. Also the sensitivity to Fe2+ induced peroxidation was increased in skeletal muscle after the deficiency of 5 weeks. The total contents of peroxidizable lipids (Fe2+-induction) were significantly (approx. 20%) decreased after 12 weeks in cardiac and skeletal muscles. The concentration of lipofuscin was unaffected in both muscles of vitamin E-deficient mice. Vitamin E deficiency (5 weeks) decreased the activity of selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase in skeletal muscle but did not affect the activities of catalase and beta-glucuronidase and the concentrations of protein, reduced glutathione and total sulfhydryl groups. These results show that a short-term vitamin E deficiency affects the peroxidative properties of cardiac and skeletal muscles and may thus expose the muscles to peroxidation injuries. PMID- 6524398 TI - Preparation of cells from pig gastric mucosa. Isolation of parietal cells by isopycnic centrifugation on linear density gradients of Percoll. AB - Cells were isolated from pig gastric mucosa by a combination of mechanical and enzymatic treatment. Isopycnic centrifugation on linear density gradients of Percoll provided a simple and rapid procedure for obtaining highly enriched parietal cells and chief cells. Their densities were 1.06 and 1.10 g/ml, respectively. Isolated mucosal cells attached to Petri dishes coated with fibronectin or collagen. Both parietal cells and chief cells adhered more readily to fibronectin than collagen. Mucosal cells and cells from the Percoll gradients were maintained for up to one week as primary cell cultures. The ability of free parietal cells to produce acid was tested by the 14C-aminopyrine accumulation technique. Maximal accumulation was 2.5 pmol aminopyrine per 10(4) parietal cells after incubation for 45 min at 10(-4) M histamine. The EC50 for histamine was 5 X 10(-6) M. The accumulation of aminopyrine at 10(-6) M carbachol and 10(-7) M pentagastrin were for both secretagogues about 0.9 pmol per 10(4) parietal cells. PMID- 6524399 TI - The effect of pressor doses of Angiotensin II on autoregulation and intrarenal distribution of glomerular filtration rate in the rat. AB - This study was designed to investigate the effect of pressor doses of exogenous Angiotensin II (AII) on autoregulation and intrarenal distribution of single nephron glomerular filtration rate (SNGFR) in anesthetized, normotensive rats. SNGFR at all cortical levels of the left kidney was measured with a modified Hanssen technique at three renal arterial pressures (RAP): Spontaneous, 100 +/- 1 mmHg and 70 +/- 1 mmHg. In control rats, both outer cortical (OC) and inner cortical (IC) nephrons showed complete autoregulation of SNGFR when RAP was reduced to 100 +/- 1 mmHg. Further reduction to 70 +/- 1 mmHg resulted in different responses among the cortical layers, accompanying a decrease in SNGFR. The SNGFRIC/SNGFROC ratio increased from 1.36 +/- 0.053 to 1.52 +/- 0.047 and a fractional redistribution of glomerular filtration rate towards IC nephrons was seen. When the kidney was submitted to a RAP of 70 +/- 1 mmHg, there was a concomitant increase in central arterial pressure (CAP) from 120 +/- 4.3 to 134 +/- 3.2 mmHg. A continuous i.v. infusion of AII (0.5 microgram . min-1 . kg-1 BW) increased mean arterial pressure from 123 +/- 1.4 to 142 +/- 3.8 mmHg, an effect corresponding to that on peripheral vascular resistance during reduction of RAP to 70 +/- 1 mmHg in control rats. This dose reduced SNGFR at all cortical levels, but did not per se lead to redistribution of SNGFR. A reduction in RAP to 100 +/- 1 mmHg during AII administration resulted in impaired autoregulation of SNGFR in both OC and IC nephrons.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6524400 TI - Effects of hyperoxia and hypoxia on dynamic and sustained static performance of the human quadriceps muscle. AB - The influence of variations in inspired PO2 on dynamic and static muscle performance of the left quadriceps muscle was studied. Eight subjects performed (1) 60 maximal consecutive dynamic contractions and (2) one sustained exhaustive static contraction at 27% of maximal voluntary contraction (MVC). Breathing mixtures containing 11%, 21% or 99% O2, were administered. Peak torque as an average of the 60 knee extensions was higher (p less than 0.01) during hyperoxia (mean +/- SE = 104 +/- 4 Nm) than during normoxia (98 +/- 4 Nm), but did not differ significantly between hypoxia (95 +/- 5 Nm) and normoxia. Peak torque of individual extensions declined more rapidly during hypoxia than during normoxia, differing in the final 12 extensions by 11% from normoxic values. Static endurance time was reduced (p less than 0.02) during hypoxia (152 +/- 12 s) as compared to normoxia (189 +/- 13 s) and hyperoxia (169 +/- 11 s). No significant difference in endurance time was demonstrated between hyperoxia and normoxia. Thus, hypoxia impaired muscle performance in both dynamic and sustained static exercise, whereas acute hyperoxia improved dynamic but not static muscle performance. The results are interpreted in terms of differences in rate of intramuscular H+ accumulation. PMID- 6524401 TI - [Synthesis of various 5,5-substituted derivatives of 3-dialkylamino alkylohydantoin with potential pharmacological activity]. PMID- 6524402 TI - [Stability of the potassium salt of benzylpenicillin and sodium salts of ampicillin and cloxacillin in various infusion solutions]. PMID- 6524403 TI - [Biopharmaceutical evaluation of hydrocortisone acetate ointment applied to the skin]. PMID- 6524404 TI - [Inhibitory effect of chicken egg albumin on the oxidation of L-ascorbic acid]. PMID- 6524406 TI - [Psychophysiology as a basic science in psychiatry]. AB - A characterization of psychophysiology as a psychiatric basic science is presented. Based upon the methodical pluralism of an open anthropology, this discipline must provide a unifying framework of different methodological strategies and the patterns of thought needed for their armonic integration. Its aim is the generation of "neutral" constructs and theories with meaning in different discourses. This implies to recognize and accept the contextualism of every empirical knowledge and poses the problem of the complementary of different approaches. The different levels of analysis in which the relationships between the nervous system and behavior are studied allow the distinction between two forms of objectivity: the objectivity of the physiological processes and the objectivity of subjective functions. Among these, two are discussed; estesiologic subjectivity, based upon the perception of the own body, and dialogic interaction, derived from bodily expression and communication. The need for studies across different levels of analysis affords the opportunity to employ different models of thought to approach the same problems and to identify mechanisms and emergent properties in the systems studied. PMID- 6524405 TI - [Clinical and endocrinological aspects of delusional depression]. AB - A comparative study of 26 delusional depressive patients versus 47 non-delusional depressed controls is presented. In addition to the clinical evaluation, the dexamethasone suppression test was performed. The results show higher severity and increased retardation in the delusional sample. The breakdown of delusions demonstrates that the most common delusions were of reference and guilt. Multiple delusions were found more frequently than one type of delusions. The D.S.T. results show no significant differences between the rates of abnormal responses in both groups. However in the delusional depressive sample with mood incongruency there was a higher percentage of normal responses. PMID- 6524407 TI - [Comprehensive approach to a Pilaga myth. The myth of Tomagaloqosot]. AB - In this paper the author analyzes the way the myth integrates to a living indigenous culture taking Tomagaloqosot's story as an example. She bases this work on original material collected by her during several ethnographical campaigns. First, she considers what some irrationalist authors--like Leenhardt, Eliade, and Bormida--say about myths. Then she analyzes the TomaGaloqosot myth in relation to its insertion in different cultural environments. This enables her to discuss, from a tautegoric point of view, what the previously mentioned authors attribute to the myth. At the same time, she maintains that the integration of the myth to the living culture has great originality and is peculiar to each group. So that it can be deduced that the attributes that define it are valid only in a relative number of cultural frames, and that they can vary from culture to culture and also some of them can be contradictory. PMID- 6524408 TI - [The need for psychiatric hospitalization]. AB - The author asks some questions that he estimates indispensable before any hospitalization, by reason of the concept less precise of "necessity of hospitalization". What is the disturbance and what will we observe or treat? What is the type of institution best adapted? Is it the patient that ones wants to relieve first, and not the milieu? He then reviews the different categories of patients met in the psychiatric services, by reconstituting the channel who brought them and by redeeming the behavior notion of crisis reaction from the patient in his environment. He concludes that the psychiatric hospitalization, responding at a momentary necessity of the history of the subject, cannot constitute the center of a therapeutic system and that the hospital is only a tool among others. PMID- 6524409 TI - [Childhood, adolescence and psychiatric hospitalization]. AB - Placing children is the result of a decision taken by a specialist, more of the time a social worker, who disqualify the family and decide that the child is inadapted to the norms of the moment. Because the mental health centers, with norms K, don't receive enough money, two thirds of the children are submitted to a serious psychopathological approach. However, the day psychotherapeutic Centers (norms K for the day) could be a privilegious therapeutic moment in an ambulatory action for a disfunctional family. PMID- 6524410 TI - [Psychogeriatric hospitalization]. AB - A pessimistic view is not acceptable in psychogeriatrics, even in the field of senile dementia. There is a need for specialized psychogeriatric units, allowing a multifocal approach of these patients. This is illustrated by the report of the methodology developed at the Psychogeriatric Center "Le Peri" (Liege). For 12 years, a multidisciplinary approach has been in use, to precisely evaluate the clinical picture and to properly design a therapeutic strategy for demented patients, in order to improve their residual capacities and, if possible, to discharge them from hospital. PMID- 6524411 TI - [Rehabilitation and the pathology of dementia]. AB - To recognize the influence of the social and physical environment on demential pathology has methodological and therapeutical implications. Since the beginning of the seventies, many works have demonstrated that senile deterioration is not a continuous nor insurmountable process. There is no ineluctable evolution, independent of environment. The different therapeutical strategies can be analysed in terms of behavior modification through an action upon the physical and social determinants of the environment. The authors present two complementary methods of revalidation: an individualised reeducation of necessary behaviors for a social autonomy (toilet, dressing, continence) and a program of physical and psychic activation, to maintain or reestablish social skills (management of the institutional environment, physical mobilisation, ergotherapy and sociotherapy). These methods are relevant to the functional analysis and behavior modification. They are in concordance with the goals of the contemporary gerontology. PMID- 6524412 TI - [The stakes in psychiatric hospitalization. Is an ethical approach possible?]. AB - To pose the question of what is at stake in a psychiatric hospitalisation really means to pose the question of its purpose, its justification and ultimately of its underlying ethics. After having defined ethics in its moral and deontological aspects, we shall broach the psychiatric and medical aspect of its politics and relationship to the social field, questions which have become acute because of the fact that they are directly related to our notion of liberty. Certain points shall be more specifically developed: Whom do we serve? To hospitalise, is a medical act. Hospitalisation is a means of protection against Murder and Incest. Hospitalisation is a Third dimension in a Space and Time experience. Our intervention is a logical outcome of our own conception of symptoms and the healing process. What if ultimately, pathology were but the answer to an unverbalized interrogation? To take into consideration, beyond the determinating factors be they genetical, biological, or social, a psychic reality which we recognize in the patient's transfer and his verbalisation, impell a necessary and imperative change in the perspective of the field of conventional psychiatry. To allow oneself to be interrogated by this "Other" discourse, and to assume all the consequences, both theoretical and practical, this is the passing from medical ethics to what might be called analytical ethics. PMID- 6524413 TI - [The psychotic patient, the community , the hospital... and others. Therapeutic continuity. A problematic triangle]. AB - Through a long experience of the follow-up of psychotic patients in extrahospital milieu and the difficult and sometime inexistant collaboration between the hospital and the extrahospital structures, the author brings a complementary concept of continuity and therapeutical triangulation and his application for those patients. Calling again how the institutional models tend to reproduce the psychotic model of the family, be places at the gravity center of the care system a stable relation between the psychotic and his therapist in a constant, real or symbolic, with the thirds, persons or institutions, who go on. PMID- 6524415 TI - [A psychiatric key: the day hospital]. AB - After being the first structure of this type in Belgium, the day hospital "La Cle" from the University of Liege exhibit the modalities of its functioning with some comments. It is considered as a dynamic structure in the view of a intergrated psychiatry. The specificity of the day hospital is discussed. PMID- 6524414 TI - [The myth of gratuitousness and psychosocial reality]. AB - The gratuitousness is a positive social measure, particularly specific of the psychosocial patients, but applied in a dissatisfying context because the financial aspect is the only considered and because the other therapeutic exigences, implicitly in such a measure contained, are in that way eluded. PMID- 6524416 TI - [Profile of psychiatric emergencies in general hospital wards]. AB - Statistical study, using objective variables, was carried out to draw the profile of psycho-social cases at the emergency unit of Publics hospitals. The study analyses the attitude of the nursing and medical staff. This paper looks the problem throw three parameters: the symptoms, the diagnosis and the final destination. The most important conclusion is: staff seems to see his work with emergencies cases like a shunting problem and not like a beginning of therapeutical work. PMID- 6524417 TI - Drug-related mortality in young people. AB - Mortality in young drug users in Gothenburg was studied, by following up, for about a decade, two unselected groups (ninth grade pupils and military conscripts), and selected groups of abusers from the files of the health and social welfare authorities. In the unselected groups, cannabis smoking predominated. Solvents, LSD, and central stimulants taken orally or intravenously also occurred, particularly in the selected groups. Polydrug abuse including alcohol was common, opiate abuse was rare. Observed mortality was compared with expected mortality in the same age groups. The mortality rate was significantly increased in several of the selected groups, 2.4-6.9 times in men and 1.3-7.9 times in women. Among pupils with high-frequency drug use it was increased 5.5 times in boys and not significantly increased in girls. Among pupils with low frequency drug use it was not significantly increased in boys and increased 4.7 times in girls. Among registered pupils the mortality was increased 4.2 and 8.2 times in boys and girls respectively. Military conscripts did not display an increased mortality. The proportion of unnatural deaths was over 90%, which was significantly higher than in the population. About half of the deaths were suicides and undetermined suicides. The proportion of undetermined suicides was high among men. Two of the male deaths were homicides. In about one third of the deaths alcohol was involved. Dextropropoxyphene was present in five of the 14 intoxications among men. Although mortality was increased it is lower than in other Scandinavian studies. This may be explained by the relative youth of the abusers and the rare occurrence of opiate abuse. PMID- 6524418 TI - Recognition memory in conversion hysteria: effect of sexual stimuli during learning. AB - Hysteria has two main explanatory models: a neurobiological and a psychodynamic. Both models can predict a memory deficit, as a consequence either of a neurophysiological inhibition or of a repression produced by a conflict. The existence of a conflict can also be proved by showing the stimulating, and not the inhibitory effect that conflictual material can have when appropriately shown. Ten female hysterical patients and 10 nonpsychiatric female patients were submitted to a short-term memory test consisting of pictures. In one session all pictures were neutral, while in a second session the neutral were mixed with mild sexually charged pictures, excluded from subsequent recall. The overall performances of the two groups were not significantly different, but the hysterical patients remembered better the pictures linked to the sexual ones, while the control group did the opposite. The results are consistent with the psychodynamic model, while they cannot be explained by the neurobiological. PMID- 6524419 TI - A cross-cultural study of the frequencies of Schneider's first rank symptoms of schizophrenia. AB - The Syndrome Check List (SCL) as detailed by Wing et al. (1) was used on patients belonging to various cultural groups admitted to a London hospital. On the basis of combined Catego diagnosis of schizophrenia and paranoid schizophrenia the frequency of patients with first rank symptoms (FRS) for each group was calculated. It was found that the frequencies of FRS showed cultural differences and that these differences were less when groups were relatively culturally similar. These findings are compared with findings elsewhere. The clinical dilemma presented by these findings is discussed. PMID- 6524420 TI - A comparative cross-cultural study of the frequencies of hallucination in schizophrenia. AB - The frequencies of auditory, visual and olfactory hallucinations as defined by Wing et al. were studied in schizophrenic patients of various groups treated in the same hospital. The diagnosis of schizophrenia was made by the use of the Syndrome Check List. It was found that there were some cultural differences in the frequencies of hallucinations, these being higher in the African, West Indian and Asian culture groups than in the English and other groups. The possible clinical significance of these variations are discussed. PMID- 6524421 TI - Drug-related medical and social conditions in military conscripts. AB - Drug-related medical and social conditions were investigated in a sample of military conscripts from Gothenburg. The men participated in a questionnaire study concerning drug abuse in 1969/70 and were traced in different registers for 5 to 7 years. Abusers demonstrated an over-consumption of psychiatric and social care. Of all military conscripts, 4% had received in-patient psychiatric care. A total of 18% of those who were high-frequency drug users received the same care. The predominant diagnosis at the time of psychiatric treatment was drug abuse. 42% of all military conscripts were registered with the Social Welfare Administration, while the figure was 71% for high-frequency drug users. The proportion of those with repeated or lengthy sick leave was greatest among those who indicated use of drugs in the questionnaire. The proportion who had driving licenses was lower among drug users and 39% of the high-frequency drug users were granted exemption from military service during the inspection proceedings compared with less than 10% among the remaining groups. Cumulative frequencies of registrations showed that a number of curves were high for groups of drug users at an early stage and that the curves had not leveled off at the end of the follow-up period. PMID- 6524422 TI - Perceived parental rearing practices in depressed patients in relation to social class. AB - The occurrence of possible differences in rearing practices related to social class has been investigated in a series of 125 depressed patients by means of a special inventory - the EMBU - constructed by our group. Three factors derived from the EMBU in the course of previous studies: "rejection", "emotional warmth", "overprotection" have been taken into account. The rearing practices experienced by subjects belonging to different social classes did not differ concerning "emotional warmth". On the other hand, subjects belonging to the higher social classes scored their parents higher on the variables "rejection" and "overprotection". Since "emotional warmth" proved in an earlier study to discriminate between depressives and healthy controls, it is concluded that the difference cannot have been biased by possible differences in social class. PMID- 6524423 TI - Children's thoughts and attitudes in China and Sweden: impacts of a restrictive versus a permissive environment. AB - With a restrictive-permissive hypothesis as a frame of reference, the aim of this explorative study is to obtain knowledge about the socialization process, i.e. how children in Sweden and China come to behave in accordance with cultural values and what the price is of this development. 273 school children (about 11 12 years old) from six cities and 49 preschool children (age 6-7 years old) from 10 cities in China are compared with a Swedish sample (329 and 48) from a single community. The Swedish school children came from both outskirt and central areas. Despite acknowledged limitations, the overall findings confirm two hypotheses: 1) Chinese children learn to a higher extent to control their emotions than Swedish children, and 2) Chinese children learn to orient towards collective norms as opposed to Swedish children who are more individualistically oriented. PMID- 6524424 TI - Health attitudes and psychological distress in patients attending a lithium clinic. AB - Health attitudes and psychological distress were investigated in 50 patients attending a lithium clinic and in 50 normal controls. Patients receiving lithium treatment did not report more worry about illness, hypochondriacal attitudes, concern about pain, disease phobia and bodily preoccupations than normals, even though they took fewer precautions about their health and exhibited more self rated psychological distress. Since most of the psychiatric patients were found to display more fears about illness and death than controls in other studies, this preliminary report may suggest that normal health attitudes are associated with lithium compliance in affective illness. PMID- 6524425 TI - Long-lasting neurological sequelae after lithium intoxication. AB - A combined literature study and correspondence follow-up provided information about the development and further course of long-lasting neurological sequelae after lithium intoxication in 40 patients (28 women and 12 men). The circumstances surrounding the acute intoxications were examined. Possible precipitating circumstances included somatic illness with fever (11 cases), concurrent treatment with low-salt diet and diuretics, major surgery, low food intake, recent start with large lithium doses, acute overdose with suicidal intent, overdose due to pharmacy, laboratory or patient mistakes, and concurrent treatment with large doses of haloperidol in the presence of fever. In five cases no likely precipitant could be found, and in three cases there was no information about the circumstances of the acute intoxication. The neurological sequelae developed following abatement of the acute intoxication and typically showed cerebellar affection with ataxia and scanning speech. Other brain regions could be affected, and peripheral neuropathy occurred. Improvement was in some cases seen during the first 6-12 months, supported psychologically and perhaps also functionally by physiotherapy, speech therapy, and general rehabilitation. The paper ends with a discussion of measures and guidelines to prevent the development of intoxications and permanent neurological sequelae. An Appendix provides warnings and precautions. PMID- 6524426 TI - Admission pattern and diagnostic stability among unipolar and bipolar manic depressive patients. AB - The instability of the diagnoses in a psychiatric register causes practical problems when groups of probands with specific diagnoses are selected for further studies. A cohort of 3,062 first admissions with at least one manic-depressive admission was followed for 5-7 years. 623 had at least one admission for mania and were considered bipolar. The percentage of patients who changed their diagnoses was highest at first readmission; at each later readmission about 10% of the bipolars and 25% of the unipolars changed from manic-depressive psychosis and a similar number changed from other diagnoses to manic-depressive psychosis. Compared with the diagnostic distribution of all register cases, reactive psychoses were more frequent than expected as former diagnoses and schizophrenia as later diagnosis. Neuroses and character deviations were frequent alternative diagnoses among unipolars, not among bipolars. The consequences of different selection criteria for the composition of proband groups are discussed. PMID- 6524427 TI - Typing letter strings varying in orthographic structure. PMID- 6524428 TI - Compatibility due to the coding of the relative position of the effectors. PMID- 6524429 TI - The locus of intersensory facilitation of reaction time. PMID- 6524430 TI - Attentional strategies and the visual control of discrete movements. PMID- 6524431 TI - Magnetic resonance imaging of vascular lesions in children. Assessment of flow patterns. AB - Ten children aged 1 week to 13 years with 12 vascular abnormalities were examined with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and other imaging modalities. MRI was the only single non-invasive modality that demonstrated all lesions and their internal structures. The vascular nature of 3 hemangiomas could not be established with MRI alone. No marked differences in MRI appearance was seen in 5 cases with vascular tumors compared with 5 cases with other vascular abnormalities. The status of the blood in the vascular lesions as flowing fast, slow, or not at all was successfully assessed in 9 of the 12 lesions. PMID- 6524434 TI - Radiology in primary gastric lymphoma. AB - Upper gastro-intestinal radiographic studies in 19 patients with primary gastric lymphoma (PGL) were reviewed and compared with studies in matched patients with adenocarcinoma. The very large infiltrating tumour (n = 10) was significantly more often found in patients with PGL, whereas the ulcerative lesion was the predominating feature in patients with adenocarcinoma (n = 15). Furthermore a coarse, irregular mucosal pattern and shallow ulcerations were frequently associated with PGL (n = 18). There was no difference in survival time between the two groups of patients. PGL is a rare disease, with two new cases annually in a population of 230 000, and therefore easily misjudged. PMID- 6524432 TI - High-resolution computed tomography of the osseous temporomandibular joint. Some normal and abnormal appearances. AB - A standardized CT procedure for examination of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) with axial and coronal scanning as well as reformatted coronal and sagittal sections, was performed on 32 adults. These included subjects with normal TMJ and patients suffering from muscular dysfunction/disc displacement, arthrosis or rheumatoid arthritis. Some normal CT appearances simulating disease were presented. Axial CT scanning appeared to be the most useful method for demonstrating osseous abnormalities of the TMJ. The diagnostic information was occasionally supplemented by the coronal scanning, which may be difficult to perform on patients with neck stiffness. Reformatted coronal or sagittal sections mostly confirmed TMJ abnormality and supplemented the findings at axial scans in about one third of the patients. PMID- 6524433 TI - Recording of bone marrow activity in liver-spleen (RES) scintigraphy. AB - The bone marrow activity in the liver-spleen (RES) scintigraphy has been difficult to estimate correctly. If the activity of the bone marrow is to be decided as counts/time unit it is of importance that structures with a high activity as the liver and spleen are excluded from the registration. A dorsal registration of the pelvis during 180 s will give a rather correct information of bone marrow activity and besides an image of the pelvic bone marrow is obtained. Using 270 to 280 MBq 99Tcm-Albures all 45 normal cases had values below 150 KCNT (1 KCNT = 1 000 counts). All cases with cirrhosis (n = 15) or metastases in the liver (n = 14) had values over 150 KCNT. Values over 150 KCNT were also found in 29 of 34 patients with an increase in ASAT and ALAT (GOT, GPT) as the only pathologic finding and in 12 of 21 patients with a carcinoma but without metastases in the liver. PMID- 6524435 TI - Lateral and anterior instability in acute ankle distortion. A radiologic investigation. AB - In a prospective consecutive investigation radiologic tests for lateral and anterior instability in acute ankle distortion were found to be reliable indications of lateral ligament ruptures. Arthrography of the ankle joint was used as reference. Absence of instability, however, gives little information as to the ligamental status. The size of this group constitutes a clinical problem. Better results are achieved by combining lateral and anterior instability tests. If only one test is used, the anterior instability test should be preferred. The results of the two tests bare no relation to the degree of ligament ruptures found at operation. PMID- 6524436 TI - Lumbar myelography with metrizamide in rabbits. An investigation of contrast media penetration and resorption. AB - Neurotoxicity from subarachnoid contrast media is probably related to their specific pharmacologic effects and to their penetration into the central nervous system. The lack of a barrier between the cerebrospinal fluid and the extracellular fluid of the brain and cord allows water-soluble contrast media to diffuse into the neural tissue. The aim of this investigation was to develop a method that allows one to quantify the neural tissue penetration for a given contrast medium in relation to the cerebrospinal fluid concentration and contact time and apply this to the use of metrizamide. The result shows a good correlation between iodine concentration in the lumbar cerebrospinal fluid and that in the lumbar cord suggestive of a simple diffusion. When time of sacrifice (contact time) is added as a covariant there is also some indication of retention of metrizamide in the neural tissue. The investigation also demonstrates that the resorption of the contrast medium in the rabbit in this experimental model is mainly in the lumbo-sacral region. PMID- 6524437 TI - Tolerance and biochemical effects from intravenous injection of ioxaglate in healthy volunteers. AB - The influence of intravenous injection of ioxaglate (Hexabrix, 320 mg I/ml) on various biochemical, coagulation and fibrinolytic parameters, fractionated plasma proteins, precordial ECG and blood pressure was prospectively and sequentially studied in 9 healthy volunteers. One ml/kg body weight of the contrast medium was injected within one minute into an antecubital vein. Small, but statistically significant, changes in some of the biochemical parameters were found during the observation period, 2 to 4 days. All values of the biochemical parameters were, however, within the normal reference range for each parameter. No significant alterations were seen in the coagulation parameters. Increased fibrinolysis was recorded in some subjects both before and after the injection. No fibrinolytic degradation products were found indicating that the fibrinolysis was nominal. No significant changes were observed in the fractionated plasma proteins. The heart rate decreased significantly 15 seconds after commencing the injection. No significant changes in blood pressure were recorded. Two participants became nauseated and one of them vomited during the injection. Apart from this, no adverse effects were noted. No clinically significant changes following the injections were found. PMID- 6524438 TI - Age related changes in tumor vascularity. Angiography and vascular casts of the VX2 tumor in the rabbit hind leg. AB - VX2 tumors in the rabbit hind leg were investigated at one, two and three weeks of age. Angiograms were compared with vascular casts. The tumors grew rapidly the first two weeks of age. Large variations in vascularity were noted between tumors of different ages. With increasing age arteriovenous shunts at the tumor periphery and areas of avascularity or necrosis in the tumor center increased in size. Possible reasons for tumor necrosis are increased tissue pressure, anoxia caused by arteriovenous shunts and elevation in venous pressure. The natural history of the VX2 tumor must be considered in every experimental study of the effect of any treatment. PMID- 6524439 TI - Quantitative Doppler flowmetry. II. Reliability of a duplex scanning system under in vitro conditions. AB - A duplex scanning system especially intended for abdominal vessel flowmetry was constructed and tested in vitro. An effort was made to mimic the special conditions encountered in the in vivo examination of abdominal vessels. The accuracy of flow estimation in blood-filled plastic tubes was studied with varying blood velocity, flow pattern, diameter of blood-filled tube and placement of sample volume in relation to tube. The influence on flow estimation by flow in a second nearby tube was also tested. The flow estimates performed in a single tube with the Doppler sample volume covering the entire cross-sectional area of the tube, were all within +/- 10 per cent of true flow as long as the velocities were within the working range of the Doppler velocity meter. The error in flow estimation due to a discrepancy in size and placement of sample volume in relation to tube, and the unfavourable influence of flow in a nearby tube, is quantified and discussed. PMID- 6524440 TI - Vitamin C and schizophrenia. PMID- 6524441 TI - [Surgical treatment of cancer of the base of the tongue]. PMID- 6524442 TI - Isotachophoresis of human serum lipoproteins. PMID- 6524443 TI - Fetal alcohol syndrome (embryopathia alcoholica). PMID- 6524444 TI - [2 cases of mosaicism 45,X/46,Xr(X)]. PMID- 6524445 TI - Effects of sake and bourbon on liver histopathology and function in rats. AB - Sake or bourbon (8g ethanol/kg body weight) was intragastrically administered to rats for 12 days. An equal dose of ethanol in water or an isocaloric glucose solution was administered to control groups. Food was withheld, but water freely provided. Neither mortality nor liver and body weights were different between the alcohol-treated groups. Glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase and glutamic pyruvic transaminase were more elevated in the sake group than in the other groups. Additionally, liver fibrosis was more pronounced, and vacuole formation or steatosis was less in this group. These results suggest that sake is more fibrogenic. Some components other than ethanol, such as long-alkyl chain alcohols, may have been responsible for the differential histopathology. PMID- 6524446 TI - Effects of carbon tetrachloride and azathioprine on diethylnitrosamine and N-2 fluorenylacetamide-induced hyperplastic liver nodule and hepatocellular carcinoma. AB - Effects of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) and azathioprine (AZP) on the evolution of hyperplastic liver nodules and foci and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) were tested in short- and long-term in vivo experiments. In diethylnitrosamine (DEN) treated rats, which were fed a N-2-fluorenylacetamide (FAA)-containing diet and additionally treated with repeated CCl4 injections, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (gamma-GTP)-positive hyperplastic nodules were markedly developed in the 8th week of the experiment. However, their number and area in liver sections were remarkably small in DEN-treated rats fed a diet containing both FAA and AZP. Increased area of gamma-GTP-positive foci was also observed in the 12th week in DEN-injected rats fed a choline-devoid died alone or treated with repeated doses of CCl4 alone. Hepatocellular carcinoma in DEN-injected rats treated with both FAA and CCl4 was first detected in the 21st week, and the incidence up to the 36th week was very high. However, no hepatocellular carcinoma developed in DEN injected rats treated with both FAA and AZP. The increased activity of liver aniline hydroxylase observed 12 h after the administration of FAA, AZP or DEN alone was not observed when AZP was administered simultaneously with FAA to DEN injected rats. The mechanisms of the effects of CCl4 and AZP on hepatocarcinogenesis are discussed with special reference to drug interaction. PMID- 6524447 TI - The evaluation of asymptomatic arterial occlusive disease of the legs using an exercise test. AB - The Doppler-derived ankle pressure index (API) is a useful indicator of the necessity for peripheral vascular reconstruction of the lower extremities. But the API at rest dose not reflect the functional capacity of leg circulation, especially in the early stage of disease. Therefore, an asymptomatic but hemodynamically significant lesion in one leg is sometimes missed by pressure measurement at rest when there is a severe lesion with symptoms in the other leg. In this study, the API not only at rest but also after exercise was measured in twenty normal subjects and thirty-two patients with angiographically proven arteriosclerosis obliterans. About 60% of the patients had unilateral symptoms, although they had significant disease bilaterally. The API after exercise proved to be more sensitive than the API at rest and may be useful in assessing asymptomatic legs of such patients and determining their surgical indication. PMID- 6524448 TI - [Preparation of 125I-labelled tetraiodothyroxine, T4, for the analysis of total serum T4 (RIA)]. PMID- 6524449 TI - [Lupus erythematosus disseminatus. (Apropos of a review of 49 cases)]. PMID- 6524450 TI - [Kinetic study of hepatic mitochondrial monoamine oxidase in the presence of compounds with different polar characteristics]. PMID- 6524451 TI - Malacoplakia of the cecum: report of a case. PMID- 6524452 TI - [General norms of feeding of normal infants during the first year of life (I)]. PMID- 6524453 TI - The Kockum study: twenty-two-year follow-up. Coronary heart disease in a population in the south of Sweden. AB - The Kockum study of risk factors for coronary heart disease (CHD) consists of 464 individuals, one third white collar workers, one third heavy workers and one third well trained firemen, all of whom have now been followed for 22 years. Important risk factors for CHD seem to be heredity, smoking, stress, lack of physical activity, diabetes mellitus hypertension, high body weight, ECG abnormalities, hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia and baldness. In addition to the common risk factors, baldness seems to be of importance. A high cholesterol value predisposes for an increased death rate not only due to CHD but also to malignant disease. A Cox analysis shows a markedly decreased life expectancy in multirisk factor patients caused not only by CHD but also by cancer. PMID- 6524454 TI - Serum lipid changes after gastroplasty for morbid obesity. AB - Forty-six patients with obesity exceeding 75% (according to Natvig's tables) were subjected to gastroplasty which after 12 months had resulted in an average weight loss of 32 kg. Preoperatively, serum levels of triglycerides, total cholesterol, and LDL cholesterol were significantly raised, while HDL cholesterol was significantly lower than in non-obese controls. One year after surgery, mean serum triglyceride levels had normalized while mean HDL cholesterol had increased steadily to levels not different from those in the non-obese controls. Regarding total cholesterol and estimated LDL cholesterol, no significant changes were recorded. It is concluded that gastroplasty affects serum lipid patterns in obese patients in a fashion quite different from that caused by jejunoileal bypass operations. As the incidence of coronary heart disease is known to be inversely related to serum HDL cholesterol, gastroplasty may offer an additional advantage over jejunoileal shunt operations in improving the long-term prognosis in morbid obesity. PMID- 6524455 TI - Impaired left ventricular filling in young female diabetics. An echocardiographic study. AB - To assess left ventricular (LV) function in diabetes mellitus, M-mode echocardiograms were recorded in 36 insulin-treated diabetic women, mean age 25 +/- 6 (SD) years, and 13 healthy women of the same age. Echocardiographic tracings of the septum and LV posterior wall were digitized and continuous plots were made of LV dimension and its rate of change. The pattern of LV filling was abnormal in 19 diabetics, when the mean value +/- 2 SD in the healthy women was taken as the normal range of the indices. The most common abnormality was a prolonged rapid filling period. The LV systolic function was normal in all diabetics. Diabetics with severe microvascular complications had thicker LV walls (p less than 0.05) and smaller LV end-diastolic diameters and stroke volumes (p less than 0.01) than the healthy women. The electrocardiographic voltage was lower in the diabetic group (p less than 0.05). These studies suggest that minor abnormalities in LV function reflecting stiffness of the myocardium are common in young female diabetics, a patient group with a relatively low prevalence of coronary artery disease. PMID- 6524456 TI - Amiodarone in atrial fibrillation. AB - Twenty-seven patients with atrial fibrillation without any concomitant conduction abnormality have been treated with oral amiodarone in a daily maintenance dose of 200 mg. The drug has been used for three purposes: 1) to block atrioventricular conduction, thereby decreasing the ventricular rate during atrial fibrillation (9 patients), 2) as prophylaxis against paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (8 patients), 3) as prophylaxis against recurrence of atrial fibrillation after DC conversion to sinus rhythm (13 patients). All patients were considered refractory to other antiarrhythmic drugs in these respects. In the second group, 4 of the 8 patients reported complete cessation of attacks and the others a marked reduction of the attack rate. In the third group, 10 of the 13 patients have maintained sinus rhythm for a longer period on treatment with amiodarone than with other drugs, resulting more than a triple prolongation of the time in sinus rhythm. In 3 patients the drug has been discontinued because of side-effects. In conclusion, amiodarone affords protection from episodes of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation, as well as from recurrence of atrial fibrillation after DC conversion to sinus rhythm. If the drug is ineffective in either of these respects, it may still be useful as a means of moderating the ventricular response in atrial fibrillation. PMID- 6524457 TI - Leucopenia associated with beta-lactam antibiotic therapy. AB - Two cases of penicillin-induced and one case of cephalosporin-induced leucopenia are described. This unusual complication of widely used beta-lactam antibiotics can occur when these antibiotics are administered parenterally in high doses for prolonged periods (14 days or more). The close monitoring of the white cell count is important when treating patients with high doses of beta-lactam antibiotics for prolonged periods. We would like to emphasize that when penicillin- or cephalosporin-induced leucopenia is suspected, continuation with another beta lactam antibiotic may be dangerous. PMID- 6524458 TI - Collagenous colitis. AB - Collagenous colitis is a very rarely recognized disease characterized clinically by watery diarrhoea and histologically by a broad, band-like deposition of collagen under the surface epithelium of the colon and rectum. Two cases of collagenous colitis are reported in this paper. After treatment of one of the patients with metronidazole, the symptoms cleared up and biopsy specimens from the colon showed regression of the pathological picture. The pathogenesis of the diarrhoea is discussed. The aetiological agent seems to be infectious, but is still unknown. PMID- 6524459 TI - Behcet's disease and close contact with pigs. AB - Six male patients out of seven with Behcet's disease were found to have a very similar and close contact with pigs and pork. These six cases are reported and we ask the question whether the contacts with pigs are just coincidental findings or whether an external agent, e.g. a virus, could be forwarded to man from pigs and pork. Immune complex associated vasculitis is described e.g. in patients with hepatitis B and the same mechanisms might be operating in patients with Behcet's disease. PMID- 6524460 TI - Developmental anomalies of the lower face and the hyoid cartilage due to partial elimination of the posterior mesencephalic and anterior rhombencephalic neural crest in chick embryos. AB - In an effort to verify the supposition that a normal development of the lower face and the hyoid apparatus is dependent on the availability of a sufficient number of cells derived from the posterior mesencephalic and anterior rhombencephalic parts of the neural crest, in a total of 52 six-somite stage chick embryos (about 26 hours of incubation) these parts of the neural crest were partially eliminated by tangential micro-laser irradiation. Among the 17 irradiated embryos sacrificed after 24 hours, several ones showed an underdevelopment of the mesenchyme in the ventral part of the first branchial arch; in 2 of these cases, additionally the second branchial arch was underdeveloped. At the age of 7-8 days, 4 out of 15 surviving embryos showed an underdevelopment of the lower beak and a reduction in size of Meckel's cartilage; in 3 of these cases, in addition, a median cleft in the lower beak and/or reduction or absence of the hyoid cartilage were observed. From these observations the conclusion is drawn that for a normal development and growth of the mandibular part of the face and the hyoid cartilage sufficient numbers of posterior mesencephalic and anterior rhombencephalic neural crest cells are indispensable, indeed. PMID- 6524461 TI - Distribution of simple esterase in the nuclei and fiber tracts of the medulla oblongata of squirrel (Funambulus palmarum). AB - The distribution of simple esterase has been studied in the nuclei and fiber tracts of the medulla oblongata. The simple esterase activity has mainly been observed in the grey matter. The white matter did not reveal enzymatic activity. In the grey matter also the cranial nerve nuclei are intensely stained as compared to intrinsic and reticular nuclei. The distributive pattern of simple esterase in the nuclei has been discussed in relation to its metabolic involvement in brain. PMID- 6524462 TI - The ovary of the wood mouse, Apodemus sylvaticus, during late pregnancy and lactation. AB - Female wood mice, Apodemus sylvaticus, were killed on day 18 of pregnancy (P 18) and on days 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, and 18 of lactation (L 0, L 3, L 6, L 9, L 12, L 15, and L 18 respectively), and the ovaries were studied. The weight of the ovaries was recorded at dissection. The corpora lutea and the follicles of the right ovary were counted and measured, and the appearance of the interstitial tissue was noted. A decline in weight from day P 18 to day L 6 coincided with a decrease in mean diameter of the corpora lutea. The mean number of corpora lutea did, however, not change over the period. The corpora lutea present throughout lactation were probably from the gestation period; the females did not appear to ovulate post-partum. The interstitial tissue was not affected, as far as could be judged with light microscopy. Ovulatory follicles were only present at times close to expected ovulation; on days P 18 and L 18. A lactational anoestrous is suggested for the wood mouse. PMID- 6524464 TI - Neuropathology Section of the Italian Society of Neurology: 20th annual meeting. Tarquinia (Italy), May 25-26, 1984. Abstracts. PMID- 6524463 TI - The structural and functional organization of the connective tissue in the human foot with reference to the histomorphology of the elastic fibre system. AB - The structural organization of the connective tissue system has been studied in the human foot using routine light microscopic methods. It has been demonstrated that an intriguing and delicate anatomical arrangement is present in the tissue components as shown by the zonal distribution of collagen fibres, elastic fibres and adipose tissue. Collagen fibres are prevalent in the reticular dermis of the plantar skin, in the septum dividing the subcutis into superficial and deep strata and in the plantar aponeurosis. Elastic fibres occur largely in the papillary dermis of the plantar skin where they form a subepidermal elastic plexus, as well as in the septal framework of the subcutaneous tissue and in close association with the sweat ducts. It is proposed that elastic fibres modulate the distensibility of the subcutaneous tissue when subjected to compressive stresses and its return to normal resting tensile state, while collagen fibres provide rigid constraints that limit over distension of the subcutis as well as the dermis and thereby tether the skin to the plantar aponeurosis. PMID- 6524465 TI - An analysis of spinal (median nerve) SEP components in healthy subjects. PMID- 6524466 TI - Influence of estrogen pre-treatment on plasma prolactin response to low-dose naloxone in post-menopausal women. PMID- 6524467 TI - Acute hypokalaemic myopathy with lipid storage during chlortalidone therapy. PMID- 6524468 TI - Comparison of auditory evoked potentials, trigemino-facial reflex and electronystagmography in the assessment of site of brain stem lesions in multiple sclerosis. PMID- 6524469 TI - Spatial thinking disturbances: on a simple task in brain damaged patients. PMID- 6524470 TI - Pain, affective life and memory impairment: study on 26 headache patients. PMID- 6524471 TI - Surgical versus medical treatment of brain stem lesions: clinical review. PMID- 6524472 TI - Ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament. A case diagnosed with computerized tomography. PMID- 6524473 TI - Hemangiopericytoma of the cervical spine. A case report. PMID- 6524474 TI - [Role of the psychiatrist in mass disasters]. PMID- 6524475 TI - [Prevalence of depressive disorders in general medical consultations]. PMID- 6524476 TI - [The 16 PF in acute myocardial infarct patients]. PMID- 6524477 TI - [Psychodiagnostic contribution to the study of patients with coronariopathies]. PMID- 6524478 TI - [Neuroticism and coronariopathies]. PMID- 6524479 TI - [Prospective evaluation of 473 substance-dependent persons in Asturias (1979 1982)]. PMID- 6524481 TI - [Endoscopic surgery of lithiasis of the upper urinary tract]. PMID- 6524480 TI - [Nuclear magnetic resonance]. PMID- 6524483 TI - [Angiographic evaluation of carcinoma]. PMID- 6524482 TI - [Statistical study of urolithiasis in the Valencia community: spectrometry of infrared rays and diffraction with X-rays]. PMID- 6524484 TI - [Injuries of the urinary tract: comparative incidence and current aspects]. PMID- 6524485 TI - [Evaluation of the efficacy of oral methotrexate in the prophylaxis of recurrences of superficial tumors of the bladder]. PMID- 6524486 TI - [Levels of pipemidic acid in biological fluids and human prostatic tissue. Experimental and clinical study]. PMID- 6524487 TI - [Treatment of advanced carcinoma of the prostate with estramustine phosphate (estracyt)]. PMID- 6524488 TI - [Transitional carcinoma of the renal pelvis in a young man]. PMID- 6524489 TI - [Cholesteatoma of the renal pelvis. Diagnostic and therapeutic considerations]. PMID- 6524490 TI - [Repair of the upper urinary tract with a flap from the renal capsule]. PMID- 6524491 TI - [Bifid ureter with a blind branch: presentation of a case]. PMID- 6524492 TI - [Hemodynamic hypothesis of Puigvert et al]. PMID- 6524493 TI - Development of high-speed countercurrent chromatography. PMID- 6524494 TI - Characterization of in vitro DNA synthesis in an isolated chloroplast system of Petunia hybrida. PMID- 6524495 TI - In vitro synthesis of cauliflower mosaic virus DNA in viroplasms. PMID- 6524496 TI - Inhibition and recovery of the replication of depurinated parvovirus DNA in mouse fibroblasts. AB - Apurinic sites were introduced in the single-stranded DNA of parvovirus minute virus-of-mice (MVM) and their effect on viral DNA synthesis was measured in mouse fibroblasts. Approximately one apurinic site per viral genome, is sufficient to block its replication in untreated cells. The exposure of host cells to a sublethal dose of UV-light 15 hours prior to virus infection, enhances their ability to support the replication of depurinated MVM. Cell preirradiation induces the apparent overcome of 10-15% of viral DNA replication blocks. These results indicate that apurinic sites prevent mammalian cells from replicating single-stranded DNA unless a recovery process is activated by cell UV irradiation. PMID- 6524497 TI - Relationship between the organization of DNA loop domains and of replicons in the eukaryotic genome. PMID- 6524499 TI - Properties of the primase activity of the 9 S DNA polymerase alpha from calf thymus. PMID- 6524498 TI - Association between primase and DNA polymerase alpha in murine cells. PMID- 6524500 TI - Mammalian DNA polymerase alpha holoenzyme. PMID- 6524501 TI - Diadenosine tetraphosphate and diadenosine tetraphosphate-binding proteins in developing embryos of Artemia. PMID- 6524502 TI - DNA methylation and DNA structure. PMID- 6524503 TI - [Mechanical and technical aspects of an external fixator made of rings and Kirschner wires (using the Wittmoser and Ilizarov methods). Alternatives to plate osteosynthesis]. AB - R. Wittmoser's closed method of compression osteosynthesis for treatment of diaphyseal fractures consisting of rings and transosseal wires described in the forties, which was perfected to a technique of plastic bone surgery by G. Ilisarov in the Sowjetunion is contrasted to the open technique of compression osteosynthesis with plates and screws (AO) favoured in the west. The advantages are described such as mechanical stability of the rings - in contradistinction to frame fixators - the use of external fixation system for ambulant patients as well as the possibility of temporary and local withdrawal and reimplantation of wires in contrast to the irreversible measures concomitant to the osteosynthesis by plates. PMID- 6524504 TI - An overview of substance use among New York State's upper income householders. AB - A 1981 survey of substance use among household residents in New York State found rates of use consistently higher among the upper income group ($50,000 and over) than among groups with lower incomes. In addition, measures of the seriousness of the problem also revealed higher rates among the upper income group than the other income groups. In terms of preferences for treatment, the upper income group substance user clearly opts for the private professional. The findings generally suggest that there are few qualitative differences in patterns of substance-taking among the income groups, and it might be hypothesized that the availability of disposable income in the upper income group and some situational factors may facilitate that group's substance-using behavior. PMID- 6524505 TI - Upper middle class adolescent drug use: patterns and factors. AB - The purpose of this study was to determine the patterns and best predictors of experimentation and use of drugs by a suburban upper middle class adolescent (5th grade through high school) population. The data show increasing percentages of students involved with drugs across the grades, differences in involvement for females compared to males, distinctions between the most popular drugs (alcohol, marijuana and cigarettes) and other less popular drugs and factors associated with trial and use of the various drugs. Some statements are made in conclusion about the meaning and use of this data for drug education and prevention. PMID- 6524506 TI - Upper-income cocaine abusers. AB - Seventy upper-income cocaine users who called the 800-COCAINE helpline received an extensive telephone interview to assess the nature, extent, and consequences of their cocaine use. The data revealed a high incidence of dysfunctional cocaine use associated with numerous physical, psychological, and social problems. Comparison with an earlier study of middle-income cocaine users highlights the role of drug access as a contributor to intensified use patterns and drug-related consequences. Issues pertaining to treatment of the upper-income cocaine abuser are discussed. PMID- 6524507 TI - Lawyers' alcoholism. AB - Twelve lawyers with alcoholism admitted to an inpatient alcohol treatment service were studied. The group tended to have many additional psychiatric problems, the most frequent of which were affective disorders. Most of the admissions were precipitated by work-related problems. All patients were initially highly resistant to treatment and evoked negative feelings in staff, who perceived them as poor prognostic cases. However, the treatment outcome as measured by abstinence, improved job performance, and shifts in attitude towards treatment was better than expected. PMID- 6524508 TI - Alcohol, substance use, and other risk-factors of impairment in a sample of physicians-in-training. AB - This article examines survey data on alcohol and drug use, stress and other risk factors of impairment in nonclinical samples of physicians and medical students. Previously unpublished data on a sample of physicians-in-training showed they were healthy nonsmokers, experiencing many feelings of job stress, but were generally light drinkers and suffered few adverse effects of drinking. Young physicians and medical students were not very different from comparable non physician populations in their use of recreational and therapeutic drugs, although the medical professionals had slightly below average use rates. Regression analyses found that recreational drug use and drinking stemmed mainly from sensation seeking, whereas therapeutic drug use was stress-related. PMID- 6524509 TI - Successful use of naltrexone in addicted physicians and business executives. AB - Naltrexone was administered to 114 opiate-dependent business executives and 15 opiate-dependent physicians as part of a comprehensive outpatient aftercare program following inpatient detoxification using clonidine. Over 80% of patients successfully completed at least 6 months of treatment without relapse or re addiction and were still drug-free at 12-18 month follow-up. Patients who completed at least 6 months of treatment were more likely to be opiate free at follow-up than patients who had dropped out at an earlier point in the program. This study demonstrates that naltrexone can be an extremely useful and appropriate treatment for highly motivated middle/upper class addicts when administered within the context of an intensive high-expectation program. PMID- 6524510 TI - Establishing the cynomolgus monkey as a laboratory animal. PMID- 6524511 TI - A sensitive double isotopic, chromatographic method for the determination of histamine. I: Studies with authentic histamine. AB - This paper presents a method for the determination of histamine using an internal standard of 14C-labelled histamine, which together with an unknown sample of unlabelled histamine is dansylated with 3H-labelled dansyl chloride. The products of this dansylation are then separated on thin-layer-chromatographic plates coated with micropolyamide. The spot of dansylhistamine is scraped off and the content of histamine in the unknown sample is calculated from the 3H/14C-ratio in the spot. PMID- 6524513 TI - The gastric antisecretory activity of 3-methoxy-5,7,3'4'-tetrahydroxyflavan (ME)- a specific histidine decarboxylase inhibitor in rats. AB - 3-Methoxy-5,7,3'4'-tetrahydroxyflavan (ME), a specific histidine decarboxylase inhibitor, has been shown to significantly reduce the gastric acid secretion and gastric tissue histamine levels in 6 h pylorus ligated rats. It has been found to be as effective as cimetidine in reducing the gastric acid secretion. However, cimetidine does not affect the gastric tissues histamine levels in the normal or pylorus ligated rats. These observations clearly establish that the two drugs reduce the gastric acid secretion by different mechanisms and suggest that their combination may show a potentiated gastric anti-ulcer activity. PMID- 6524512 TI - Analgesic effect of histamine induced by intracerebral injection into mice. AB - Three methods were used to study the analgesic effect of intracerebral injection of histamine (Hi) on mice: the writhing test (acetic acid and phenylquinone), the electrical stimulation of the tail and the hot plate test. At doses higher than 2 micrograms, Hi inhibited the writhing syndrome significantly, and at doses of 10 micrograms or higher, Hi displayed a marked analgesic effect during both the electrical stimulation and hot plate methods. The saline injection produced only a negligible effect. Simultaneous application of Hi and 10 micrograms of diphenhydramine, pyrilamine or promethazine, apparently causing no analgesic effect from a single administration, caused a parallel shift of the dose-response curve of Hi to the right. ED50 of Hi was increased approximately 2, 2.8 and 3.8 times, respectively. However, cimetidine did not reveal any antagonistic effect on Hi-induced analgesia. Subcutaneously administered, 3 mg/kg of morphine augmented the analgesic effect of Hi. In accordance with this, pretreatment of naloxone (0.005 mg/kg) antagonized the analgesic action of Hi almost completely. When 5 mg/kg of leucine-enkephalin, less than the minimum effective dose, was given prior to Hi injection, the analgesic effect of Hi was enhanced. In addition, 10 and 20 micrograms of Hi increased the morphine analgesia markedly and parallel shifted the dose-response curve of morphine to the left. PMID- 6524514 TI - Leukotriene D4 potentiates histamine-induced bronchoconstriction in guinea-pigs. AB - Histamine concentration-response curves performed on isolated airways smooth muscle preparations were unaffected by threshold constrictor concentrations of LTD4 (194 +/- 34 pM for parenchymal strips and 1940 +/- 480 pM for isolated trachea, respectively). In contrast, LTD4, when administered between 2 and 60 s beforehand, potentiated bronchoconstrictor responses to histamine in anaesthetized, artificially ventilated guinea-pigs. Doses of LTD4, which did not produce direct effects on airways resistance, potentiated histamine-induced bronchoconstriction to a lesser degree than those having small direct effects. This potentiation was prevented by bilateral vagotomy. In addition, the antagonists atropine (100 micrograms/kg), FPL55712 (5 mg/kg) and indomethacin (1 mg/kg) effectively prevented the interaction. It is suggested that the interaction between LTD4 and histamine involves a specific leukotriene receptor, possibly linked to the generation of a cyclo-oxygenase metabolite and requires intact cholinergic innervation of airways smooth muscle. Furthermore, these results are consistent with the hypothesis that LTD4 may be a mediator of bronchial hyperreactivity. PMID- 6524515 TI - Effect of histamine, acetylcholine and compound 48/80 on bronchoconstriction and release of eicosanoids in the dog. AB - The effects of Hi and ACH aerosol and of intravenous infusion of compound 48/80 on bronchoconstriction and plasma levels of Hi, TXB2, KH2PGF2 alpha and KH2PGE2 were investigated in 11 bastard dogs. Administration of Hi and ACH aerosol induced bronchoconstriction accompanied by an increase in the plasma levels of Hi and TXB2. No effect on the plasma levels of KH2PGF2 alpha and KH2PGE2 was detected. Release of endogenous Hi by compound 48/80 induced bronchoconstriction and significant increases in the plasma levels of TXB2 as well as of KH2PGF2 alpha and KH2PGE2. The effects of a second administration of Hi and ACH aerosols after compound 48/80 did not differ qualitatively from the effects of the first aerosol administration. However, quantitatively, the second Hi aerosol induced significantly less bronchoconstriction and TXB2 release. Similarly, effects of the second ACH aerosol tended to be decreased as compared to the first ACH aerosol, although the difference was not significant. The diminished effect of the agonists could be due to receptor desensibilization and/or release of adrenaline, which in turn decreases bronchoconstriction and eicosanoid release. PMID- 6524516 TI - On the presence of H1-receptors in various sections of guinea-pig heart: a correlation between binding and functional studies. AB - The binding of 3H-mepyramine in different sections of guinea-pig heart was examined. 3H-mepyramine binds to a single class of binding sites to guinea-pig ventricular membranes and to right atrial suspension with an apparent dissociation constant (Kd) of 4.35 nM and 14.90 nM respectively. When treated as those obtained from the right atrium, the left atrial suspensions do not seem to bind 3H-mepyramine specifically. PMID- 6524517 TI - Compound 48/80 and the healing of wounds in rats. The effect of timing of drug injections. AB - Wound breaking strength was measured in Long-Evans rats in two settings: in one experiment animals received Compound 48/80 i.p. for 8 consecutive days, starting 1 day before infliction of wound and in the second experiment 48/80 was given for 6 days before wounding. Wound breaking strength was always measured on the seventh day after wounding. There was a significant increase in wound breaking strength in animals treated before incision was made, as compared to controls, saline-treated animals (p less than 0.01). When 48/80 was given one day before incision was made, the breaking strength was significantly decreased (p less than 0.0002). Possible explanation for these opposite results is discussed. PMID- 6524518 TI - Inhibition of eosinophils degranulation by Ketotifen in a patient with milk allergy, manifested as bronchial asthma--an electron microscopic study. AB - Electron microscopic studies provided evidence that a patient with cow's milk allergy, manifested as bronchial asthma, has prominent eosinophil granule discharge, attributable to the release of cytotoxic major basic protein (MBP). This finding illustrates a critical role of eosinophil MBP in anaphylactic injury induced by food allergen. Patient white blood cells pretreated with Ketotifen revealed intact ultrastructure of eosinophils granules and cytoplasm. Inhibition of eosinophils degranulation by Ketotifen demonstrates a new pharmacologic mode of action of this anti-allergic, anti-anaphylactic agent. PMID- 6524519 TI - Urinary excretion of histamine and some of its metabolites in man: influence of the diet. AB - Urinary excretions of histamine, N tau-methylhistamine and N tau methylimidazoleacetic acid have been determined in 10 normal subjects on 3 different diets, containing a very low protein, a low protein and a high protein amount. Foodstuffs which could contain histamine were excluded. The mean excretion of N tau-methylhistamine on the second day of each diet amounted to 0.861 mumol/24 h, 1.051 mumol/24 h and 1.378 mumol/24 h, respectively. The excretions of histamine and N tau-methylimidazoleacetic acid were not affected. In 6 normal persons on a protein low diet, the excretions of histamine, N tau methylhistamine and N tau-methylimidazoleacetic acid have been determined for 10 days. On the fifth day, to 3 persons 200 mumol of histamine was given orally, the other 3 persons received a high protein diet. The persons receiving histamine showed a strongly enhanced excretion of N tau-methylimidazoleacetic acid, corresponding to 36.1% of the administered histamine, whereas the urinary excretions of histamine and N tau-methylhistamine were only slightly elevated. On the high protein diet, only the excretion of N tau-methylhistamine was slightly elevated. The urinary excretions of histamine in the female subjects sometimes showed unexpectedly high values. Most probably, this phenomenon is attributable to bacterial histamine production in the urogenital tract. PMID- 6524520 TI - Histamine uptake and metabolism in the blood vessels of rats. AB - In vitro radiolabeled histamine uptake and metabolism were investigated in abdominal aorta, iliac artery, mesenteric artery and hepatic portal vein of the rat. Histamine uptake was rapid and remained linear over the initial 10 min of the accumulation period. The uptake rate was temperature sensitive with marked reduction in rate at 0 degrees C. The accumulation at 0 degrees C represents nonspecific uptake. The uptake of histamine was observed to be related to the amount of tissue stores of histamine as well as extracellular sodium ion concentration. The only histamine metabolite detected in the vasculature examined was imidazoleacetic acid representing almost 80% of the chromatogram radioactivity. This observation indicates the primary metabolic pathway for histamine in rat vasculature involves the enzyme, diamine oxidase. PMID- 6524521 TI - The effect of 1,3-diaminopropane on the urinary excretion of spermidine in the mouse. AB - In the present investigation an increased urinary excretion of spermidine was observed in mice after the injection of 1,3-diaminopropane. The increase was mainly restricted to the unconjugated fraction of urinary spermidine and appeared not to be due to an increased biosynthesis of the amine. PMID- 6524522 TI - Influence of decontamination of the digestive tract on the urinary excretion of histamine and some of its metabolites. AB - Urinary excretions of histamine, N tau-methylhistamine and N tau methylimidazoleacetic acid have been determined for 8 healthy volunteers during 14 consecutive days. Selective decontamination of the digestive tract was performed from day 3 to day 6, followed by total decontamination from day 7 to day 10. Urinary excretions of N tau-methylhistamine and N tau methylimidazoleacetic acid decreased to a small though significant degree (about 15-20%) after total decontamination, suggesting a histamine production by anaerobic bacteria. Cadaverine decreased for about 70% under both selective and total decontamination, suggesting that this amine in human urine mainly originates from aerobic bacteria in the intestinal tract. PMID- 6524523 TI - Degradation of articular cartilage by copper and hydrogen peroxide. AB - When porcine articular cartilage particles were incubated in the presence of Cu2+ and H2O2 at pH 7.4, solubilization of collagen and proteoglycan was observed. Both agents were necessary and the rate of solubilization was concentration dependent. Other transition metal ions showed much lower catalytic activity. The solubilized polypeptides were polydispersed in size and the hydroxyproline content of the larger fragments was 13% by weight. Further incubation of the released material with Cu2+ and H2O2 resulted in further degradation and partial destruction of hydroxyproline residues. Competitive studies with scavengers of OH X and 1O2 as well as the effect of D2O excluded these two species as major mediators in this system. PMID- 6524524 TI - The reactivity of neutrophils at the site of an acute inflammatory reaction as measured by chemiluminescence. AB - In this study the technique of luminol-enhanced chemiluminescence (LECL), which was shown to be dependent on the generation of superoxide anion, has been employed to investigate the reactivity of polymorphonuclear leukocytes found at the site of inflammation. Cells derived from the pleural cavity of rats undergoing an acute inflammatory reaction initiated by an intrapleural injection of calcium pyrophosphate or normal serum demonstrated a significantly higher chemiluminescent response compared to cells derived from animals injected with plasma, saline or phosphate-buffered saline. In addition in vitro studies showed that calcium pyrophosphate crystals could stimulate the cells per se and could increase their reactivity. PMID- 6524525 TI - The effect of incorporation of indomethacin with polyethylene glycol 6000 in a solid dispersion on its in vivo properties in the rat. AB - Preparations of indomethacin and indomethacin in combination with PEG 6000 were administered in solid form by the oral route to male rats. No significant differences in anti-oedema activity were observed between the different preparations of indomethacin, but high blood levels of drug were observed following dosing with indomethacin, in a PEG 6000 melt. Rapid dispersion formulations of indomethacin were also found to be gastro-toxic. PMID- 6524526 TI - Anti-complement activity in a series of substituted 2-aryl-1,3-indandiones; absence of correlation with the anti-carrageenan oedema effects. AB - It was found that a number of substituted 2-phenyl-1,3-indandiones possesses a considerable inhibitory effect on the classical pathway of complement. Furthermore it appeared that in this series a reasonable correlation (r = 0.86) exists between this anti-complement effect and the inhibition of the prostaglandine biosynthesis. A quantitative structure-activity relation study revealed that both the electronic sigma parameter of the substituent involved and the lipophilicity of the corresponding compound are important for anti-complement activity. Mainly the C5 step in the complement process is inhibited by these compounds. The complement-inhibiting phenylindandiones also inhibit the alternative pathway. This effect may also be due to an inhibition of C5, as C5 is common to both pathways. Remarkably, the 2-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-1,3-indandione, which is most active in the anti-complement test, showed no reduction of the carrageenan-induced oedema in the rat after both oral and local application. Possibly the absence of this anti-inflammatory effect is caused by the pharmacokinetic profile of the compound. PMID- 6524527 TI - The inflammatory response of hyperthyroid and hypothyroid rats. Role of adrenocortical steroids. AB - The capacity to respond to inflammatory stimuli was tested in hyperthyroid and hypothyroid rats when thyroid defects, induced by hormone administration or thyroparathyroidectomy, respectively, were fully established. Whereas hyperthyroid rats presented consistently depressed inflammatory responses, hypothyroid rats responded in a normal fashion. Decreased reactions to intracutaneously injected histamine and serotonin, inhibited swelling reaction to carrageenin, injected into one of the hind paws, and depressed primary and secondary reactions to adjuvant (heat-killed M. tuberculosis), only occurred in the hyperthyroid group. In addition, only in this group of animals enlargement of the adrenal glands, reduced content of adrenal ascorbic acid, and decreased number of circulating eosinophils, which characterize a circumstance of adrenal cortical hyperactivity, were observed. A spontaneous reversal of the acute inflammatory response of hyperthyroid animals to carrageenin occurred 3-4 days after interruption of hormone administration, and this was coincidental with the return to normal of the previously enlarged adrenal glands. Similarly, specific inhibition of adrenal cortical steroid biosynthesis in hyperthyroid rats with aminoglutethimide, restored the previously depressed response to carrageenin, without interference with the increased levels of seric thyroxin, thus suggesting that the inhibitory effects of thyroid hormones on inflammatory responses are likely to be indirect. It is concluded that an excess of circulating thyroid hormones, but not their deficiency, can impair the development of inflammatory reactions, and that this effect, at least partially, depends on an increased secretion of adrenal corticosteroids. PMID- 6524528 TI - Alterations in the gastro-intestinal functions during the development of adjuvant disease in rats. AB - Gastric biliary and pancreatic secretions were examined in Lewis rats with adjuvant-induced polyarthritis. By application of the pylorus-ligation technique according to Shay for 4 h, a marked increase in gastric secretion was detected from day 11 to day 54 after adjuvant injection. The changes were manifest by a decrease of pH and an increase of secretory volume as well as total acid output. Maximum values were reached at the 23rd day with an acid secretion 4 times higher than in healthy animals. The enhanced hydrochloric acid secretion in adjuvant arthritic rats was confirmed with the aid of the gastric perfusion technique according to Ghosh and Schild and by the finding that the gastric contents of conscious arthritic rats under standard feeding conditions showed a statistically significant higher acidity (pH 2.5) than normal rats (pH 4.0). Adjuvant arthritic rats with acute bile fistulas exhibited a basal and stimulated bile and pancreatic secretion like normal rats. The gastric mucosa of rats with adjuvant disease is highly sensitive to the irritant effect of gastric hypersecretion in the pylorus-ligation technique. The ulcer rate increases during the progress of the disease with a maximum of 70% at the 37th day. Normal rats with 4 h-pylorus ligation showed no macroscopically visible lesions. Increased sensitivity of the gastric mucosa against the ulcerogenic activity of non-steroidal anti-rheumatic drugs was demonstrated for aspirin and indomethacin. The etiological role of disease stress for the high susceptibility of the arthritic rat to gastric ulceration is discussed. PMID- 6524529 TI - Clinical pharmacology of GP53,633--a new non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug--in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. AB - GP53,633 is a new basic non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug showing analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity in animal models. Pharmacokinetic studies in 6 patients with rheumatoid arthritis show it to be rapidly absorbed with a short half life (approximately 2 hours). No change in pharmacokinetics is seen over a two week treatment period. Clinical parameters of inflammation were reduced and no adverse reactions were seen. PMID- 6524530 TI - Metal binding by pharmaceuticals. Part 5. Interaction of Cd(II), Ni(II) and Pb(II) with the intracellular hydrolysis products of the anti-tumour agent ICRF 159 and its inactive homologue ICRF 192. AB - Formation constants for the cadmium(II), nickel(II) and lead(II) complexes of DL NN'-dicarboxamidomethyl-NN'-dicarboxymethyl-1,2-diaminopr opane (ICRF 198) and the 1,2-diaminobutane homologue (ICRF 226) have been measured potentiometrically at 37 degrees C and I = 150 mmol dm-3 [NaCl]. In all titrations a competing ligand, known to complex strongly with the metal ion, and having its formation constants predetermined, was employed. The constants are used in computer simulation models to assess the relative efficacy of the agents in mobilizing these metals from plasma proteins into low-molecular-weight complexes and the results are compared to those for known chelating agents. It is shown that the lead mobilizing potential of the agents is greater than either EDTA or D penicillamine; they are, however, less adept in the removal of cadmium and nickel than other established agents. PMID- 6524531 TI - Tissue distribution and pharmacokinetics of 3H-butylated hydroxyanisole in female mice. AB - Butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), a commonly used food additive, is a phenolic antioxidant. While metabolism of BHA has been studied in dog, man, rabbit and rat, information on tissue distribution is limited to rat and dog. Time dependent distribution and elimination of 3H-BHA following a single oral dose of 50 mg/kg body weight in female Swiss-Webster mice were investigated. Animals were sacrificed at time intervals up to 168 h after dosing. Levels of 3H were determined by liquid scintillation counting in the following tissues: brain, blood, serum, fat, heart, kidney, liver, lung, skeletal muscle and spleen. In most tissues the decline of BHA (log) was nonlinear with respect to time; a biphasic, post-absorptive aspect was observed. The highest 3H activity was noted in kidney and liver 15 min after dosing. The lowest activity was in fat. In addition, a peak 3H activity was recorded at 3 and 10 h after dosing for the blood and brain, respectively. Distribution of the 3H-BHA in mouse organs is similar to that in rat. PMID- 6524532 TI - The influence of dietary citrate on the absorption and retention of orally ingested lead. AB - The influence of dietary citrate on the toxicity of orally ingested lead was investigated in male weanling mice. Twenty-four animals were divided into three equal groups. Group 1 served as controls, groups 2 and 3 were given 20 micrograms lead (as lead acetate) per g/diet, group 3 also received 4% sodium citrate in the diet. After 5 weeks, blood and tissue lead levels were measured. All mice given lead-supplemented diets had higher concentrations of lead in blood, liver, kidney, brain and bone than the control group, but the increase was significantly greater in the group given 4% sodium citrate in the diet. This work demonstrated that dietary citrate at levels which can be present in food significantly increases lead toxicity. PMID- 6524533 TI - [Diamox response of ocular standing potential as a clinical test for retinal pigment epithelium activity. Normal subjects]. PMID- 6524534 TI - [Basic research for light sensitive prosthesis. Electrically evoked potential in optic nerve of the albino rat]. PMID- 6524535 TI - [Quantitative analysis of human cataractous lenses with slitlamp and retroillumination photography]. PMID- 6524536 TI - [Phagocytosis of the retinal pigment epithelium. 2. Selectivity of phagocytosis and surface charge of polystyrene spheres]. PMID- 6524537 TI - [Morphological changes in the ciliary epithelium after instillation of 0.5% timolol (beta-adrenergic blocker)]. PMID- 6524538 TI - [Transport of subretinal fluid by the retinal pigment epithelium; studies on rhegmatogenous retinal detachment surgery without drainage of the subretinal fluid]. PMID- 6524539 TI - [The distribution of the motor neurons and internuclear neurons within the abducens nucleus in the cat]. PMID- 6524541 TI - [Rapid and non-irritable analysis of basal tear volumes by an electronic resistance measuring method]. PMID- 6524540 TI - [Corneal epithelial wound healing]. PMID- 6524542 TI - [Development of the three-dimensional architecture of the rat zonule]. PMID- 6524543 TI - [Intraocular pressure in eyes with ciliochoroidal detachment]. PMID- 6524544 TI - [Electromyography study on human eye movements. Report 2: Simultaneous EMG recordings from 4 recti muscles in an acquired supranuclear oculomotor disturbances]. PMID- 6524545 TI - [The aggregate fractions of beta(s) crystallin; the differences between frozen storage and ozone treatment]. PMID- 6524546 TI - [Temporal summation of normal eyes and impaired regions of the visual field]. PMID- 6524547 TI - [Biosynthesis of SRS-A from [1-C14] arachidonic acid]. PMID- 6524548 TI - [Studies of the retinal circulation using fluorescein dilution curve. 2. Effects of beta-adrenergic stimulator and blocker on the pigmented rabbit's eye]. PMID- 6524549 TI - Increased adrenal epinephrine and norepinephrine in spontaneously hypertensive rats treated with hyperbaric oxygen. AB - Adrenal catecholamines were determined in Wistar Kyoto rats (WKY), and stroke prone and stroke-resistant spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP, SHR) treated with hyperbaric oxygen for 90 minutes daily from 6 to 13 weeks of age. The animals were divided into 5 groups. Group I (control group), was handled under the same conditions as pressure-treated groups II and III, but with ambient oxygen pressure and concentration. Group II (pressure-control group), was treated with 2 atmospheric absolute pressures (ATA) of air without any oxygen provided. Group III (high-oxygen group), was exposed to 2 ATA under the environment of air saturating oxygen. Group IV (antihypertensive group), was treated with hydralazine. Group V (adrenalectomized group), was given 1% NaCl solution and bilateral adrenalectomy. The average contents of adrenal norepinephrine of SHR and of SHRSP in Group I were greater (p less than 0.05-p less than 0.001) than those of the WKY in Group I. A similar tendency was also observed for the content of adrenal epinephrine. The average concentrations of adrenal epinephrine and norepinephrine of SHR and SHRSP in Group II and III were significantly (p less than 0.05-p less than 0.001) greater than those of the respective rats in Group I, but no significant differences were noted in the blood pressure between pressure-treated groups (II, III) and the control group (I). Adrenalectomized SHR, SHRSP and WKY rats (Group V) had similar blood pressure levels as the control rats (Group I). The development of hypertension in SHR and SHRSP was effectively suppressed by the treatment with hydralazine, which, however failed to reduce concentrations of adrenal epinephrine and norepinephrine in these rats. These results indicate that increased adrenomedullary function in SHR and SHRSP is further enhanced by hyperbaric oxygenation treatment, but that high concentrations of adrenal catecholamines are not required for the pathogenesis of spontaneous hypertension of these animals at this age. PMID- 6524550 TI - [Surgical resection in pulmonary metastases of genitourinary cancers]. AB - Four patients (2 with renal cell carcinoma, 1 with testicular embryonal carcinoma, 1 with testicular seminoma) underwent surgical resection for pulmonary metastases. Three patients except one with renal cell carcinoma are still alive without disease at 1, 2.3 and 2.3 years, respectively. Surgical resection of metastatic pulmonary sarcoma or carcinoma is now the accepted method of treatment. As chemo- and radio-therapy are often ineffective for metastatic genitourinary cancers, our current policy is to employ surgical treatment provided that the operability is assessed carefully. PMID- 6524551 TI - [A clinical observation on pyeloplasty in obstruction of the ureteropelvic junction. Special consideration on Anderson-Hynes pyeloplasty]. AB - Thirty-three patients (thirty-five kidneys) underwent pyeloplasty for hydronephrosis due to obstruction of ureteropelvic junction between 1963 and 1982 in our department. Renal function was judged to have improved in 68 and 67% of the patients from the radiogram and radioisotope renogram, respectively, Anderson Hynes pyeloplasty was performed on 27 kidneys. In these kidneys, the improvement of renal function as judged from the radiogram and radioisotope renogram was 74 and 71%, respectively. Postoperative results were compared according to age, preoperative urinary tract infection (UTI), indwelling periods of nephrostomy and splint catheter, and duration of postoperative UTI. In addition the relationship between indwelling periods of nephrostomy catheter and the duration of postoperative UTI are discussed. Infants under 10 years old had the best improvement. Preoperative UTI and indwelling periods of nephrostomy and splint catheter were not directly related with post operative results. The cases with nephrostomy catheter which could be removed within the 16th day after operation had excellent improvement on UTI and also in renal function. PMID- 6524552 TI - [Plasma oxalate concentration in calcium oxalate stone formers]. AB - A sensitive, simplified method for plasma oxalate determination by gas chromatography is described. After deproteinizing the plasma with 3N HC1 and 20% sulfosalicylic acid, the oxalate was methylated, extracted and analysed by gas chromatography. This method has three advantages i.e., smaller sample size (plasma 5.0 ml), rapidity (takes less than 3 hours) and accuracy. The recovery rate of oxalate added to plasma was 91.42 +/- 11.31% (SD) and the coefficient of variation of replicate determinations was 4.18%. The minimum detectable concentration of oxalate was 0.3 micrograms/ml (oxalate peak was higher than 5 mm). The mean oxalate concentration under fasting conditions from 16 healthy subjects was 1.37 +/- 0.39 micrograms/ml (SD), while that from 31 calcium oxalate stone formers was 1.45 +/- 0.39 micrograms/ml (SD). There was no significant difference in plasma oxalate concentration between the two groups. The dietary influence of oxalate on plasma and urinary oxalate was investigated in 5 healthy subjects and 5 calcium oxalate stone formers. When 100 g spinach (total oxalate 545.5 mg, soluble oxalate 381.5 mg) was given, the increase of plasma oxalate concentration was more prominent in stone formers; in stone formers it increased to 142% of control value at 2 hours (p less than 0.05) after spinach loading, to 163% at 4 hour (p less than 0.01) and to 232% at 6 hours (p less than 0.01); while in healthy subjects increased to 119% at 2 hours (ns) after loading, to 144% at 4 hours (p less than 0.05) and only to 167% at 6 hours (p less than 0.01). Urinary oxalate excretion increased promptly between 1 and 2 hours after loading in both groups, reaching peak levels between 2 and 4 hours after loading in healthy subjects and between 4 and 6 hours or later in stone formers. The mean renal clearance of oxalate was 18.0 ml/min in 6 healthy subjects and 19.0 ml/min in 4 calcium oxalate stone formers. There was no significant difference in oxalate clearance between the two groups. The mean ratio of oxalate/creatinine clearance was 0.22 for stone formers, which was equal to that for healthy subjects. PMID- 6524553 TI - [Double cancer in urology]. AB - Since our clinic opened eight years ago, we have experienced a total of 397 patients with 400 tumors in the urinary system. Of them, 29 double tumors were observed in 26 patients. Statistical investigation was made on these double tumors. In this study, the definition of Billroth was employed and, in addition, a patient presenting with previous history of cancer and showing traces of any treatment was diagnosed as having double cancer. As a result, the incidence of double cancer was as high as 6.6%, although the disease has been considered to be rare. It is evident that double cancer is not rare. The disease was not specific to any organ concerning the urinary system and its incidence was higher in the female patients. Of 11 female patients with double cancer, 7 suffered from uterine cancer. The primary cancer had appeared in the uterine in 6 patients and all the 6 developed secondary cancer in the pelvic viscera (the urinary bladder and the lower part of the ureter). The mean age at which the patients developed the secondary cancer in the pelvic viscera was almost significantly lower in those in whom uterine cancer was the primary one than those in whom the primary cancer had not occurred in the uterine. This suggests that the operative procedures inside the pelvis or irradiation for the treatment of uterine cancer is related to the onset of the secondary cancer in the pelvic viscera. PMID- 6524554 TI - [A study on Ureaplasma urealyticum and sperm. Comparison of sperm morphology before and after chemotherapy]. AB - Spermiogram (morphology of sperm heads and tails) was evaluated in 21 men visiting our infertility clinic before and after the eradication of genital infection with Ureaplasma urealyticum. The percentage of coiled tails and fuzzy granular tails were decreased after eradication of Ureaplasma but there were no significant changes in the morphologic characteristics of sperm heads. Spermiogram was also analysed in 5 men who were unsuccessfully treated for genital Ureaplasma infection. In this group there were no significant changes in the morphologic characteristics of sperm heads and tails before and after chemotherapy. PMID- 6524555 TI - [A case of renal oncocytoma]. AB - We report a case of renal oncocytoma and review 158 cases in the literature. The patient was a 75-year-old woman whose chief complaint was epigastric discomfort without any urological symptoms. The right renal tumor was incidentally discovered by ultrasonography. Its angiographic patterns such as spoke-wheel appearance and homogeneous nephrogram were "characteristic" of renal oncocytoma. We diagnosed it as oncocytoma by microscopical and ultrastructural observation. PMID- 6524556 TI - [Localization of hypoplastic kidney by enhanced computed tomography: experiences with five ectopic ureters with hypoplastic kidneys]. AB - Five children with ectopic ureters and hypoplastic kidneys are reported. Hypoplastic kidneys in these cases could not be detected by excretory urography, renal scintigraphy or other routine examinations. Finally, in three cases we could diagnose the localization of hypoplastic kidney by enhanced computed tomography. Enhanced computed tomography is very valuable for diagnosis of localization of hypoplastic kidney. PMID- 6524557 TI - [Ectopic ureterocele of an adult male]. AB - A case of ectopic ureterocele in a 50-year-old male is reported. He was admitted to the hospital with complaints of miction pain, cloudy urine and fever attack. He had had pain at voiding from time to time during the past 10 years. The prostata was swollen, edematous and tender. Cystoscopy revealed a large bulge in the left trigone to bladder neck, and two ureteral orifices in the right, but none in the left. Complete duplication of the right ureter, lateral deviation of left ureter, and bladder deviation to the right were detected on the drip infusion pyelogram. An ectopic ureteral opening was present in the posterior urethra. A 5 Fr ureteral catheter inserted into this orifice revealed a dilated & tortuous left ureter which belonged to the left upper half kidney. No communication between the ureter & seminal vesicle was revealed by seminal vesiculography. Ureterectomy from left upper half kidney and resection of ureterocele were performed together with ureterovesicoanastomosis to drain urine from the left lower half of kidney. PMID- 6524558 TI - [A case of urinary schistosomiasis in a Japanese male]. AB - Urinary schistosomiasis is an endemic disease mainly distributed in most of Africa and Southwest Asia, and caused by infestation with Schistosoma haematobium. The case presented here was a 33-year-old Japanese male who had suffered from schistosomal infestation in the endemic area, and diagnosed as urinary schistosomiasis by detection of Schistosoma haematobium ova in urine and specimens obtained by mucosal biopsy of the bladder. Radiographic and endoscopic examinations revealed neither obstructive uropathy nor urothelial malignancy. The patient underwent treatment with antimonyl sodium tartrate (Stibnal), and the disease is under good control. PMID- 6524559 TI - [Tuberculosis of the penis: report of a case]. AB - Tuberculosis of the penis has become a rare disease since antituberculosis drugs have come to be widely used. It may be primary or secondary to coexisting tuberculosis elsewhere in the body. In the case of gross destruction of the glans penis and urethra, it is not always easy to differentiate tuberculosis from carcinoma of the penis. A 87-year-old man was admitted with painful ulceration on the glans penis and dysuria. Physical examination strongly suggested carcinoma of the penis other than infectious diseases. In addition, there was no evidence of a tuberculous lesion in other urogenital organs or lungs. Therefore, partial amputation of the penis was performed after admission to the hospital. Histopathological findings, however, revealed typical tuberculosis with Langhans' type of giant cells and no malignancy. PMID- 6524560 TI - [A case of papillary cystadenoma of epididymis with chief complaint of male infertility]. AB - A 24-year-old man whose chief complaint was male infertility for 3 years was referred to our clinic. Round nodules approximately 2 cm in diameter were observed both in the left epididymis-head and the right para-epididymal head. These tumors were removed and they were confirmed to be papillary cystadenoma histopathologically. Only 6 cases of papillary cystadenoma including our case were collected in Japan. Pathologic lesions of this disease associated with Lindau's disease were also discussed. PMID- 6524561 TI - [A study of transrectal aspiration biopsy of the prostate]. AB - We studied 35 needle aspiration biopsies of the prostatic cancer to evaluate the reliability for screening, as compared with the transrectal or transperineal needle biopsy of the same patients. Eight specimens were unsatisfactory for cytological study, only 77.4% of the 35 aspirations being cytologically evaluable. False negative aspiration biopsies occupied 22.7%. Histopathological evaluation was possible for all of the needle biopsies and the false negative rate was 5.7%. To examine how accurately aspiration biopsy or needle biopsy reflects the true histologic grade of prostatic cancer, both the cytologic grade of the aspirations and histologic grade of the biopsies were compared with the grade of the prostatectomy specimens. The aspiration biopsy was undergraded in 2 (11.8%) overgraded in 2 (11.8%) and correctly graded in 14 (82.4%) out of 17 cases. The needle biopsy was undergraded in 1 (3.2%), overgraded in 2 (6.5%) and correctly graded in 28 (90.3%) out of 31 cases. There was no significant difference in grading accuracy rate between cytology of the aspiration and histology of the needle biopsy. We conclude that the cytological grade is as reliable as needle biopsy, but aspiration biopsy is not a more efficient screening test for prostatic neoplasms than needle biopsy, considering the higher percentage of speciments unsatisfactory for aspiration and false negative in this small series. PMID- 6524562 TI - An evaluation of blood serotonin in infertile male patients. AB - This study was made to clarify what role serotonin plays in testicular function. Forty-five infertile men were subjected to the study; 30 had oligozoospermia and the others had azoospermia. Blood serotonin levels of the patients were determined and the relationship between blood serotonin levels and other clinical findings was evaluated statistically. The mean value of blood serotonin in oligozoospermia was 80.1 +/- 33.0 ng/dl and that of azoospermia was 107.0 +/- 41.2 ng/dl, the difference being significant statistically (p less than 0.05). The blood serotonin level of the patients who had varicocele was 83.4 ng/dl and that of those who did not 94.0 ng/dl, there being no statistically significant difference between them. The level in the patients who had obstructive lesions was 80.3 and that in those who did not 92.1 ng/dl, there being no significant difference between them. The blood serotonin level proved to be unrelated with other clinical findings. PMID- 6524563 TI - [Cirsoid intrarenal arteriovenous malformation. Report of 2 cases, with special reference to review of 74 cases in Japan]. AB - Two cases of cirsoid intrarenal arteriovenous malformation, in a female aged 67 and in a male aged 18, are reported and 74 cases of the same disease collected from the Japanese literature are reviewed. Several classifications have been proposed for the so-called congenital renal arteriovenous fistula. A truly congenital form of the lesion, however, is considered to be cirsoid type and we collected only this type of arteriovenous malformation. The number of reported cases has been increasing annually. The age distribution ranged from 10 to 84 years old (mean: 38.1 years old); 49 were female and 19 male. Gross hematuria, bladder tamponade and flank pain, which can be called the triad of cirsoid intrarenal arteriovenous malformation accounted for 84.0% of the clinical symptoms, whereas cardiovascular signs and symptoms accounted for only 7.8%. The right kidney was most frequently diseased and the intrarenal lesions showed about the same distribution in the upper pole, in the middle region and in the lower pole. Pathogenetic and pathophysiologic aspects of the renal arteriovenous malformation were discussed. Renal angiography is the most helpful method for obtaining a definite diagnosis, while such findings on the intravenous pyelogram as the so-called cobble stone deformity are thought to be characteristics of the X-ray. For the treatment of cirsoid arteriovenous malformations, conservative therapies including administration of styptics were carried out in 13%, selective transcatheter embolization in 17% and surgical procedures in 70%. The recent number of transcatheter embolization has been increased to establish it as one of the distinct therapeutic methods for this disease. Among the operative methods, partial nephrectomy is now being used more than nephrectomy and 4 cases of ex vivo surgery have been reported recently in Japan. PMID- 6524564 TI - [A case of renal adenoma associated with staghorn calculus]. AB - A case of renal adenoma associated with staghorn calculus is reported. The patient was a 52-year-old man. In 1973, he underwent an ileal conduit because of tuberculous contracted bladder and impediment in renal function. At that time, small calculi were already present in the right kidney. Later, in the left kidney, calculi developed into staghorn calculus. An ureteral calculus was also present in the right side and contracted kidney was observed. In 1983, he suffered from continuous left abdominal pain and macroscopic hematuria. Left nephrolithotomy was performed on August 23, 1983. During surgery, a yellow subcapsular flat mass the size of the tip of an index finger was found in the upper pole of the left kidney and was easily excised. An 11 cm incision was made in the renal parenchyma and the calculi were completely removed. At the center of the incised region, biopsy was performed. The wound was closed by the one-layer interrupted parenchymal suture method designed by Taguchi. Pedicle clamp time was 37 minutes and postoperative macroscopic hematuria was seen for only two days. The postoperative course was uneventful. The resected tumor was 18 X 16 X 10 mm in size. Histological examination revealed presence of fibrous capsules and papillary or tubular proliferation of cells which were suspected to have originated in the renal tubule. Also, there were scattered nests of foam cells. On the basis of these histological findings, the mass was diagnosed as renal adenoma. In addition, examination of the biopsied parenchyma also revealed small multiple adenomas, which were supposed to be remaining in the left kidney. PMID- 6524565 TI - [2 cases of renal cell carcinoma on long-term hemodialysis]. AB - Two cases of renal cell carcinoma on maintenance dialysis for chronic renal insufficiency are reported. The first case, a 40-year-old man, complained of hematuria after 9.3 years of dialysis. Nephrectomy was done and small renal cell carcinoma with acquired cystic disease of the kidney were observed. The second case, a 48-year-old man, was found to have renal cell carcinoma after 2.5 years of dialysis by means of routine examination without any symptoms. The kidney showed carcinoma with small cystic areas and four adenomas. Usefulness of routine examination with echogram is stressed for management of hemodialysis. PMID- 6524566 TI - [The Cohen cross-trigonal technic for vesicoureteral reflux with contracted bladder in children]. AB - A 8-year-old girl was referred with both vesicoureteral reflux and repeated urinary infection since she was 30 months old. At 5 years old, she had had cystoscopy. Her excretory urogram (IVP) was almost normal; her voiding cystogram showed both vesicoureteral reflux of grade III and a maximum bladder capacity of 75 ml. At cystoscopy the ureteral orifices were in normal position of the trigone and the orifices were dilated like a golf-hole. Both ureters were reimplanted without ureter stents by the Cohen cross-trigonal advancement technique. Her IVP and a renograms postoperatively have shown normal kidney function and no urinary retention in either kidney. Her voiding cystograms have shown no vesicoureteral reflux. For 15 months after operation she has had no urinary infection. The Cohen cross-trigonal technique is a simple, safe and more applicable method than other anti-vesicoureteral reflux operations in cases of vesicoureteral reflux with contracted bladder. PMID- 6524567 TI - [Ectopic ureterocele: a case report]. AB - A case of ectopic ureterocele is reported. A 2-year-old girl was admitted for recurrent episode of urinary tract infection associated with fever. IVP showed bilateral duplex kidney, although no excretion of dye was noted from the right upper kidney. IVP also revealed a large filling defect at the bladder neck which was diagnosed as ureterocele by cystoscopy. Cystography demonstrated VUR to the right lower kidney. A complete duplication of ureter with ectopic ureterocele on the right, and incomplete duplication of ureter on the left were found at operation. She underwent complete removal of the ectopic ureterocele and reimplantation of the right two ureters. Her postoperative course was uneventful, post-operative IVP revealed improvement of pyelography of the right lower kidney and cystography revealed no VUR. PMID- 6524568 TI - [A case of bilateral testicular germ cell tumors of different cell types with maturation in the metastatic region]. AB - A case of bilateral testicular germ cell tumors of different cell types and maturation in the metastatic region is described. A 42-year-old man with bilateral testicular swelling visited our clinic. Bilateral high orchiectomy was performed. Subsequent histological examination revealed seminoma and embryonal carcinoma in the right testis and seminoma and mature teratoma in the left. Then bilateral retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy was performed and 7 metastatic regions were found in the para-aortic lymph nodes. One of these revealed histopathologically a mature teratoma containing cartilage constituents. After the operation, multiple drug treatment with Cis-DDP, vinblastine and pepleomycin was started. The patient has been in complete remission for about 1.5 year. In addition, we reviewed the literature about bilateral testicular germ cell tumors and maturation in the metastatic region. PMID- 6524569 TI - [A report of self-amputation of the penis with subsequent complication of myiasis]. AB - A 38-year-old male was admitted to our emergency ward on Oct. 27, 1982, because of severe pain at his penoscrotum. Upon physical finding on admission, his penis was found to have been completely amputated 2 cm distally near the root with a razor by himself to commit suicide a few days before admission. On the affected part were much coagulated blood mass and slough and moreover there were 50 maggots about 5 mm long swarming and wrigling, but no bleeding yet and little sign of inflammation. After exclusion of these maggots and cleaning the slashed surface, cutaneous urethrostomy was performed. Postoperative course was favorable but we could not prevent the patient from leaping to his death 45 days after the operation. Self-amputation of the penis with subsequent complication of myiasis is a very rare condition. Since the report of self-amputation of the penis by Matsushita in 1937, this case is the 16 th in Japan. In most cases the patients had mental disorder. In this case the patient was schizoid. On the other hand, 133 cases of myiasis were reported in Japan from 1903 to 1983. In the present case the species that caused myiasis was Lucilia ampullacea. A very rare case of self-amputation of the penis with subsequent complication of myiasis is documented with a review of the literature on this subject. PMID- 6524570 TI - Pathological lesions in swine at slaughter. VI. The relation between some mainly non-environmental factors, diseases, weight gain and carcass quality. PMID- 6524571 TI - Cryptosporidiosis in Tanzanian goat kids: scanning and transmission electron microscopic observations. PMID- 6524572 TI - Levels of trace elements in liver from Norwegian moose, reindeer and red deer in relation to atmospheric deposition. PMID- 6524573 TI - Fluorescein angiography of the canine ocular fundus in ketamine-xylazine anesthesia. PMID- 6524574 TI - Semen quality and fertility after heat stress in boars. PMID- 6524575 TI - Postpartum reproductive performance in dairy cows. I: Influence of animal, breed and parity. PMID- 6524576 TI - Detection of antibodies against swine fever virus by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). PMID- 6524577 TI - Ascorbic acid supplementation and five year survival rates in women with early breast cancer. AB - The effect of long term ascorbic acid (AA) supplementation (3g per day) on 27 women with early breast cancer has been investigated. For comparison a similar but limited study was carried out in patients with benign breast disease. The responses of leucocyte levels of AA to supplementation provided some evidence to suggest that the metabolism and utilisation of the vitamin may be different in these patients. In addition longitudinal measurements of urinary hydroxyproline/creatinine (OHPro/Cr) ratio were carried out in these patients. The long term ingestion of AA did not appear to affect the prognosis of the disease in the early breast cancer group. Similar 5 year survival rates were seen in the unsupplemented and supplemented cancer groups. PMID- 6524578 TI - [Behavior of blood folate in children with thalassemia major under transfusion therapy and in thalassemia trait]. AB - The folic acid plasma level in 12 out of 13 children with thalassemia major was lower than 3 ng/ml. This deficiency is not due to intestinal malabsorption. Folate deficiency should then be provoked by an increased allowance due to the compensatory erythropoiesis and to the lack of. Folic acid level less then 3 ng/ml in 24% and not more then 6 ng/ml in 50% of thalassemic heterozygotic children has been found. Therefore the necessity of folic acid treatment in thalassemic children with a low blood transfusional therapy and in beta thalassemic heterozygotic children has been recommended. PMID- 6524579 TI - Interaction of vitamin A deficiency and excess fluoride in calcification of rat bones and teeth. AB - Using a 2 X 2 factorial design, we evaluated the possible interaction of vitamin A deficiency and excess fluoride in rat dentin and bone. Simultaneous presence of excess fluoride plus vitamin A deficiency resulted in a significant decrease in bone fluoride concentration compared to the presence of excess fluoride alone. Vitamin A deficiency alone significantly reduced calcium concentration in dentin formed during the deficient period. PMID- 6524580 TI - A method for routine estimation of vitamin D activity in human and bovine milk. AB - To estimate the antirachitic activity of human and bovine milk, we developed a modern biochemical method for determining vitamin D metabolites in milk. Vitamin D metabolites were assayed from milk whey and from whole milk. Milk whey yielded poor recovery of both endogenous and added vitamin D, suggesting a marked loss of vitamin D activity to milk fat during homogenization and separation of the milk whey. A method for assaying the vitamin D metabolites in whole milk involves 1) lipid extraction, 2) cold methanol and ether precipitation, 3) alkaline backwash to reduce the amount of interfering lipids, 4) an efficient reverse-phase preparative purification, 5) an additional silica purification for vitamin D, 6) an analytical high-performance liquid chromatography, and 7) separate sensitized protein-binding assays for vitamin D and 25-hydroxyvitamin D. The method for whole milk resulted in good recovery of added vitamin D, and levels of assayed metabolites and their calculated antirachitic activity agreed well with earlier reports, that is, about 10-50 IU of vitamin D activity per liter. PMID- 6524581 TI - Studies on the urinary excretion of xanthurenic acid in diabetics. AB - Xanthurenic acid (XA), kynurenic acid (KA) and creatinine in fasting urine were determined by reversed phase high pressure liquid chromatography in order to investigate the distortion of tryptophan metabolites in diabetes mellitus. The results of ten patients with non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus and ten normal healthy subjects were compared. No tryptophan load test was performed in this study, because tryptophan loading produces further latent shortage of active vitamin B6 which results in exacerbation of the disease. The ratios of XA to KA and to creatinine were 0.35 +/- 0.099 (mean +/- S.D.) and 0.99 +/- 0.321 in the diabetic patients. The corresponding figures in the normal subjects were 0.17 +/- 0.064 and 0.55 +/- 0.22. Both ratios were significantly higher in the diabetic patients than in normal subjects (p less than 0.001 and p less than 0.01, respectively). This means that XA was excessively excreted in diabetic patients resulting in distortion of tryptophan metabolism. Our findings indicated that the ratios are useful to monitor excess XA excretion and also for detection of diabetes. PMID- 6524582 TI - Efficacy of provitamin A carotenoids in reversing vitamin A deficiency induced lesions in brain lipids of chicks. PMID- 6524583 TI - Cell electrophoretic characterization of lymphoid cells from various sources in patients with malignant non-Hodgkin lymphomas. AB - Lymphocytes of 36 patients with malignant Non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL) were characterized by electrophoretic mobility (EPM) and EAC-rosette and E-rosette formation. Unimodal cytopherograms found in patients with low-grade malignant NHL are compatible with a monoclonal origin of the proliferating lymphoid cells. Within the CLL subgroup, deviations from the general mean EPM value in the intermediumrange were not unequivocally related to the B- or T-cell origin of the lymphocytes and remain to be explained. Comparing distinct entities of low-grade malignant NHL characterized by lymphocyte arrest at a certain stage of differentiation (Kiel Classification) we found an increase of the mean EPM in the direction of CLL----lymphoplasmacytoid immunocytoma----polymorphic immunocytoma. This arrest of leukemic cells at a certain EPM level may support a cytogenetically oriented subclassification of NHL. The Limitations of the diagnostic value of cytopherograms and rosette formation in malignant NHL- especially in those of high malignancy--are outlined. PMID- 6524584 TI - "Use of neutrophil damage index (NDI) test for allergy evaluation". AB - In the study the author presents the results of in vitro diagnosis of specific allergy by means of a new test. The data on the NDI (Neutrophile Damage Index) test were first published in 1962. The advantages of the NDI test are the following: the test is easy to perform, not time-consuming, and a very little volume of blood is necessary (0.08 ml. of blood for each allergen). The NDI test is widely used to diagnose bacterial, fungal, viral and other sources of infectious allergy. It is used to register autoallergy and sensitivity to antibiotics. The data on the application of the NDI test to diagnose pollen allergy were published. The author discusses the mechanism of the neutrophile reaction to antigen-antibody complex and requirements of allergens used for the NDI test. PMID- 6524585 TI - [Correlations between asthmatic crisis and meteorological conditions in Rosario, Argentina]. AB - The aim of this work was to find out whether there is any relationship between the climate in Rosario City, Argentina, and the frequency of asthmatic crises, and whether it would be possible to use weather forecasts to support therapeutic measures. Synoptic and statistical metereological analyses, were used, and the following results achieved: The 721 crises of asthma developed in Rosario City between August 1, 1978 and July 31, 1979, demonstrated the well-known seasonal distribution of similar biological events: high frequencies in the Spring and Fall and low ones in the Summer and Winter. Important correlations were found with high altitude depression systems Hence, in the great majority of cases, the daily frequency of crises attained its maximum values when a depression system in the 500 mb. level was approximately between 60 degrees and 72 degrees W of G. and returned to minimum values when the mentioned system, in its general displacement towards the east, passed the meridian of Rosario City, whose geographic coordinates are: Lat. 32 degrees 55' S, Long. 60 degrees 47' W of G., at 27 meters above sea level. In short, we can say that, as occurs in other parts of the world, the asthmatic crises undergone by children in Rosario City are produced with much more frequency in circumstances of cyclonic atmospheric circulation. Although these situations, in the case of Rosario City, are determined by the dynamic processes in the higher levels of the troposphere. This is probably due to the role played by the Andres Mountain Range in the processes of atmospheric circulation in subtropical South America.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6524586 TI - "One year's survey of airspora in Siena (central Italy)". AB - An investigation of fungal airspora in Siena was carried out for one year using a Burkard trap. The spores were counted daily and expressed in number per m3 of air. The main spore period is the May-October semester which includes 85% of the annual spora caught. Cladosporium was by far the most common genus, representing 68% of the total spora amount. Ascospores were next in frequency but represented only 8,2% of the total. Basidiospores showed values and distribution similar to Ascospores. Another important allergenic spora collected was Alternaria which reached its maximum value in July. The quantity of airborne spores was very low when compared with values previously found in other European cities. PMID- 6524587 TI - The use of informal and formal help: four patterns of illness behavior in the black community. AB - Most studies of professional help use among black Americans fail to describe this group's relationship to blacks experiencing distress but not requesting professional help, and generally ignore the salience of informal social support processes. A more comprehensive understanding of black help-seeking behavior would come from an approach which describes both the users and nonusers of formal helping services, and examines the benefits derived from the interpersonal relationships that comprise black friend- and kin-based networks. These analyses focused on four patterns of informal and formal help use in the National Survey of Black Americans. The findings indicated that most people use informal help only, or they use informal and professional help together. In addition, gender, age, income, and problem-type were significantly related to the different patterns of illness behavior. The implications of these findings for help seeking in the black community were discussed. PMID- 6524588 TI - Children of disturbed parents: the interface between research and intervention. AB - This paper provides a review of high-risk studies and preventive interventions with children who have an increased likelihood of developing psychopathology because they are the offspring of emotionally disturbed parents. The research implications for preventive interventions are summarized in terms of selection of participants, goals for prevention, intervention methods, and intervention research methodology. Next, several preventive intervention programs are reviewed and evaluated for their responsiveness to the research literature. The review revealed that, despite theoretical and methodological diversity in the research literature, the findings provide many suggestions for the design of preventive interventions. On the other hand, intervention programs were most often found to have not used research findings in program design. This review concludes with suggestions for needed research and guidelines for future preventive interventions. PMID- 6524589 TI - The influence of qualitative assessments of the social and physical environment on the morale of the rural elderly. AB - This study examined the impact of qualitative assessments of the social and physical environment on the morale of a community sample of 231 rural elderly. It was hypothesized that qualitative assessments would make a significant contribution to morale after the application of controls for background influences and activity participation. Providing support for the hypothesis, the set of six qualitative assessment variables explained 14% of the total variance in life satisfaction, the criterion of morale, when entered at the final stage of the analysis. Additionally, multiple regression analysis revealed that significant individual contributions to life satisfaction were made by availability of a confidant, transportation need, shopping enjoyment, neighbor satisfaction, and community satisfaction, from the qualitative assessment set. PMID- 6524590 TI - The long-term impact of nonprofessional service experience on college students. PMID- 6524591 TI - Human rights and the forensic scientist. PMID- 6524592 TI - The investigation of the human remains of the "disappeared" in Argentina. PMID- 6524593 TI - Amnesty International and the forensic sciences. PMID- 6524594 TI - The use of drugs in torture and human rights abuses. AB - The forced administration of drugs, usually by injection, may accompany physical torture. In the extrajudicial environment in which torture occurs, documentation of the types of drugs used is difficult. In violation of all codes of professional ethics, physician participation appears to be ubiquitous. In the Soviet Union, human rights abuses have become institutionalized within the mental health care system. Therapeutic drugs are used, often at toxic levels, to punish political and/or religious dissidents. PMID- 6524595 TI - Role of radiology in human rights abuse. AB - Radiology is well established in forensic medicine. The traditional role for radiology includes the search for occult injuries and foreign bodies, namely bullets, and identification of injury patterns especially in aircraft accidents. Recently, a more important role has developed: that of identification. This report deals with experience based upon over 100 identifications. Age, sex, race, and height may be established from radiographs. Radiology also plays a role in the documentation of civil rights abuse. The various modes of radiology can document visceral and skeletal injury. Terminal events may be reconstructed. PMID- 6524596 TI - Facial sculpture on the skull for identification. PMID- 6524597 TI - Tracing the use of electrical torture. AB - With the aim of being able to trace skin sequelae to electrical torture, an interdisciplinary group of scientists (the "electrical group" of Anti-Torture Research, ATR) has performed controlled morphological studies on skin biopsies from experiments with fully anesthetized pigs. "Vesicular nuclei" in epidermis and a characteristic pattern of collagen calcification in dermis were found to be typical of electrical damage. These alterations were produced by alternating current as well as by direct current. PMID- 6524598 TI - New hope for identifying the unidentified. The National Crime Information Center unidentified person/missing person files. AB - The National Crime Information Center Unidentified Person/Missing Person Files offer computer comparison of descriptive data on unidentified dead and living persons with data entered on missing persons. Completion of a simple, but detailed standard form allows entry of descriptors of physical characteristics, fingerprint classification, dentition, anthropologic and x-ray findings, optic prescriptions, medical devices, surgical procedures, serology, jewelry, and clothes. Medical and law enforcement agencies collect the descriptive data on the unidentified; families and law enforcement agencies collect missing persons information. Entry for both is via law enforcement regional or state NCIC computer terminals. Continuous comparison and cross search of both files is initiated upon entry of either form. PMID- 6524600 TI - Amelioration of hyperchloremic acidosis with furosemide therapy in patients with chronic renal insufficiency and type 4 renal tubular acidosis. AB - In hypoaldosteronemic patients with chronic renal insufficiency, administration of a mineralocorticoid steroid such as fludrocortisone can ameliorate hyperkalemia and metabolic acidosis, but this therapy is not always safe owing to the deleterious consequences of extracellular fluid volume expansion resulting from mineralocorticoid-induced sodium chloride retention. In the present study of 8 patients with renal hyperchloremic acidosis, mild hyperkalemia and chronic glomerular insufficiency, we evaluated the therapeutic effect of chronic administration of a natriuretic/chloruretic agent, furosemide, a renoactive drug that is known to increase renal acid excretion in experimental animals without increasing body content of sodium chloride. 4 patients had hyporeninemic hypoaldosteronism. During 8 days of treatment in 6 patients who received furosemide alone, metabolic acidosis was significantly ameliorated. Urinary net acid excretion increased, except in the 2 patients who had the most severe hypoaldosteronism. For the group as a whole, the cumulative change in net acid excretion correlated positively with the rate of aldosterone excretion (r = 0.94, p less than 0.01). Thus, the aciduric response to furosemide is attenuated by aldosterone deficiency. When furosemide was administered in combination with fludrocortisone (4 subjects), an amelioration of metabolic acidosis occurred that was greater than that observed in the group treated with furosemide alone. Combined therapy ameliorated acidosis in the patient with the most severe degree of hypoaldosteronism, the same patient in whom administration of furosemide without fludrocortisone was ineffective even after 6 months of treatment. The findings in this study indicate that chronic furosemide therapy, alone or in combination with fludrocortisone, is a safe and effective means of ameliorating metabolic acidosis in patients with chronic renal insufficiency, including those with hypoaldosteronism. PMID- 6524599 TI - Close genetic linkage between HLA and renal glycosuria. AB - Renal glycosuria is an inherited disorder of renal tubule function in which significant amounts of glucose are excreted in the urine in the simultaneous presence of normal blood glucose levels. Renal glucose titration analyses and HLA genotypes were performed in 5 unrelated affected families with a total of 25 patients and 40 healthy relatives. In each family the gene responsible for renal glycosuria segregates with the HLA complex suggesting a close genetic linkage. 2 cases carry intra-HLA recombinant haplotypes; in these subjects our findings indicate that the abnormal gene is closer to the HLA-A locus than the HLA-B locus. No HLA-A, HLA-B or HLA-C specific antigen is selectively increased among the 5 unrelated families affected with renal glycosuria. PMID- 6524601 TI - Clinical and pathological features of membranous glomerulonephritis of systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - The prognostic significance of glomerular inflammation in patients with lupus membranous glomerulonephritis (MGN) was evaluated by classifying 100 renal biopsies from lupus patients according to World Health Organization (WHO) criteria and correlating the histology with clinical data. There were 22 cases of MGN: in 3 the lesion was pure MGN (Va); in the remainder, diffuse MGN was modified by superimposed mesangial proliferation in 6 (Vb), segmental glomerulonephritis (GN) or sclerosis in 10 (Vc), and diffuse GN in 3 (Vd). Patients in the four categories had similar clinical presentations. When the 4 patients with active proliferative glomerulonephritis (PGN) were grouped and compared to those without PGN, they had more active serologies. Quantitation of glomerular electrondense deposits in MGN showed variation in the percentage of basal lamina covered by subepithelial deposits, segmental subepithelial deposits in 4 cases, focal segmental subendothelial deposits in most cases and massive subendothelial deposits in 5 biopsies. 4 of the latter patients had active PGN, suggesting that only extensive subendothelial deposits are pathogenetically significant. The predicted 5-year survival for all MGN patients was 90%, and the only 2 deaths were not related to renal failure. Thus, it appears valid to include mixed lesions in the membranous category, but it is our impression that the immediate course and prognosis of SLE and associated PGN depends upon the extent and reversibility of the inflammatory lesions. PMID- 6524602 TI - Contralateral hemothorax secondary to chronic subclavian dialysis catheter. AB - Subclavian vein catheterization offers a rapid, safe method for providing acute or short term hemodialysis. The technique has been associated with very few complications. 3 patients are described who developed hemothorax several weeks after the placement of a subclavian catheter. Perforation of the superior vena cava by the tip of the cannula could be demonstrated only by the injection of contrast media into the catheter. PMID- 6524603 TI - Recurrent fractures, hypophosphatemia, and renal insufficiency in an elderly woman. PMID- 6524604 TI - To survive, to become: our way of life (Presidential address). AB - Occupational therapy's domain consists of a carefully compounded alchemy of a great vision, transforming the "poetry of the commonplace" into a vital sustainer and prolonger of precious life. Through the judicious application of an unique technology--human occupation--cautiously blended with timeless values and beliefs, we will inevitably succeed where others have failed. The grand tasks of occupational therapy abide and endure: to attend to the multiple, complex, interrelated, and critical human activities of not just living, but living well. Through the habits of attention and interest, we engage the human in regaining the harmony of functions that ensure survival, retaining those characteristics that facilitate and push balanced growth and development, and attaining those interdependent meanings of a purposeful, fulfilled life within the context of a personal and social order. PMID- 6524605 TI - Occupational therapy's challenge: the caring relationship. AB - Caring brings an order to our lives and relationships that frees our energy to be creative and productive and provides parameters for our daily decisions. The development of a caring relationship between therapist and patient reinforces the wholistic approach of occupational therapy treatment. The capacity to care for others is related to the ability to care for self, and this ability is shaped by all of our life experiences. Caring forms the basic element in the development of a therapeutic relationship and provides the counterbalance: the "high-touch" human response to the introduction of "high tech" in today's health care environment. PMID- 6524606 TI - Principles of occupational therapy ethics. PMID- 6524607 TI - Hierarchy of competencies relating to the use of standardized instruments and evaluation techniques by occupational therapists. PMID- 6524608 TI - The institutionalization of occupational therapy research. PMID- 6524610 TI - Sensitivity to retinal defocus with aspheric soft lenses--predictions and clinical validation. AB - The purpose of this study was to obtain a numerically accurate discrete model of the effect of front aspheric soft lenses of various asphericities on the retinal illuminance profiles within the blur circles of a model eye. A computer program was developed for a model eye based on geometrical optics. The ray density was assumed to be proportional to the flux density or illumination. Retinal illuminance profiles are calculated for several values of defocus and asphericity. These results are validated by calculations based on modulation transfer functions (MTFs), observational data from contrast sensitivity and clinical results with Cals aspheric soft lenses. The results suggest that aspheric soft lenses maximize the central illuminance of blur circles and extend the range of desensitivity to retinal defocus in the eye to 4.00 D at the largest asphericity constant investigated. PMID- 6524609 TI - Use of multiple regression techniques in determining the surface of the cornea. AB - Many methods can be used to obtain specific values for relative corneal location. This paper derives a method in which those points can be used to generate a mathematical equation which will accurately describe the patient's corneal topology. After various dimensional methods are discussed, a three-dimensional mathematical method is derived. PMID- 6524611 TI - Aspheric spectacle lens designs for aphakia. AB - Katz described a design for a postcataract spectacle lens with two aspheric surfaces. Previously, von Rohr and Jeffree had patented designs with similar optical properties, but using steeper lens forms than the Katz design. These three design studies are compared with two aspheric spectacle lenses that have been produced commercially in order to demonstrate the differences in calculated aberrations and their significance on the practicality of a lens design. PMID- 6524612 TI - Prostaglandin-inhibitor naproxen does not affect contact lens-induced changes in the human corneal endothelium. AB - A randomized, double-masked, placebo-controlled study was conducted to determine the effect of the prostaglandin-inhibitor naproxen on the bleb response of the corneal endothelium during hydrogel contact lens wear. Naproxen did not significantly alter the bleb response. This finding suggests that the endothelial bleb response is not prostaglandin-mediated. PMID- 6524613 TI - Myopia among optometry students. AB - Four hundred forty-seven of five hundred beginning 2nd-year optometry students responded to a survey requesting them to report the equivalent sphere of the lenses neutralizing their most ametropic eye and, if myopic, the age at which they were first prescribed lenses. The population was 20% female, 80% male, and predominately Caucasian. The mean refractive status was -2.21 D with a range from -11.00 to +5.50 D. Seventy-five percent of the respondees were myopes. There was a clear relation between final amount of myopia and the age at which corrective lenses were first prescribed. New myopes did not seek care in equal numbers at each age, but instead clustered in three groups: ages 8 to 9 years, 12 to 13 years, and 19 years. Regression characteristics were different when myopes of 0.12 to 6.00 D were segregated from the total group, suggesting different rates of change, and, by implication, different populations within the group. Females tended to become myopic earlier. There were proportionately more high myopes among the females than among the males. PMID- 6524614 TI - Effect of target configuration on the measurement of astigmatism. AB - In this study, five dissimilar crossed cylinder targets were used to determine the cylindrical component of the refractive error of 30 subjects. Our purpose is to see if variations in target configuration affect the results of the test. Although there are statistical differences when targets with different configurations are used in determining astigmatism subjectively, these differences are not clinically significant if we assume that the least amount of error required for clinical significance is +/- 0.25 D. We conclude that dissimilar crossed cylinder targets yield similar astigmatic findings clinically. PMID- 6524615 TI - Static retinoscopy results with and without a fogging lens over the non-tested eye. AB - This study addressed the question: "Should both eyes be fogged during static retinoscopy?" Static retinoscopy measures were taken on young patients. (N = 50; mean age = 9 years, 4 months). Outcomes revealed no differences except with hyperopic patients, where the lack of a fogging lens over the partner eye resulted in a significant underestimate (p less than .001) of the refractive status. This argues against the use of a lens bar for retinoscopy especially in vision screening programs involving young children. PMID- 6524616 TI - Allometry between length and cross-sectional dimensions of the femur and tibia in Homo sapiens sapiens. AB - Allometric equations relating length and cross-sectional geometric properties of the femur and tibia are generated using skeletal remains from three recent human population samples. Approximate isometry, or geometric similarity, is found both within and between samples. Cross-sectional areas scale to approximately length2, while second moments of area scale to approximately length4. It is shown that this is consistent with the maintenance of equivalent mechanical stress in long bones of different length under dynamic loadings in vivo. Other evidence indicates that bending and torsional loadings are more critical than axial loadings in the determination of lower limb bone cross-sectional dimensions. PMID- 6524617 TI - Microscopic criteria for the determination of directionality of cutmarks on bone. AB - Shipman and Rose (1983) have recently attracted attention to the fact that the determination of directionality of cutmarks could possibly provide additional evidence for interpretation of early hominid butchering practices and handedness. They found no criteria of directionality, however. We have previously recognized directionality in cut dental tissues and more recently in bone, and so we undertook a study of over 200 experimentally produced cutmarks on bovine bone by scanning electron microscopy. Three criteria of directionality were observed: bone smears, oblique faulting, and oblique chipping. In our analysis we considered properties of bone as a relevant variable in the microscopic appearance of cutmarks, which has also led to the new finding that not all marks made by a single tool under similar conditions are the same. We observed that bone smears occurred in most specimens, relatively low density forming bone surfaces facilitated oblique fault production, whereas oblique chipping frequently occurred in plexiform bone tissue common to growing artiodactyls. In this study, handedness of the operator could be determined from cutmarks, but much further experimental work will be required in order to detail the criteria. PMID- 6524618 TI - Reduced tooth size in 45,X (Turner syndrome) females. AB - Mean values and variances of deciduous and permanent tooth dimensions were compared between 121 45,X (Turner syndrome) females and 171 control subjects to clarify the role of the X chromosome on dental development. Although deciduous molars tended to be smaller than normal in 45,X females, there was no evidence of a reduction in tooth size for deciduous anterior teeth. In the permanent dentition, all mesiodistal dimensions were significantly smaller in 45,X females but only some of the buccolingual dimensions were smaller. The findings for deciduous tooth-size may reflect a sampling effect related to the extremely high frequency of spontaneous abortion in 45,X individuals. Results for permanent teeth are consistent with the concept of a decrease in enamel thickness in 45,X females. PMID- 6524619 TI - Demography of the Juang tribal population of Orissa. AB - Demographic analysis of genealogical data collected in 1954 for 23 Juang villages was undertaken employing indirect estimation techniques and computer projection methodology. Results indicated that this group did not feature the historically high fertility levels associated with Indian tribal groups, although fertility was higher than previously reported for the Juang. The population did feature a mortality differential, with worse mortality conditions than the Indian national population at this time. Reversed sexual mortality differentials, common in South Asian populations, were also present for the Juang. Computer projection investigation revealed a steadily growing population, in contrast to some Indian tribal groups faced with extinction. PMID- 6524620 TI - [Ultrastructure of cells of hyperplastic endometrium after the direct impact of gestagens]. PMID- 6524621 TI - [Mitotic rate in hyperplasia and cancer of the endometrium]. PMID- 6524622 TI - [Clinico-morphological aspects of polyps of the cervical mucosa]. PMID- 6524623 TI - [Rehabilitation in obstetrical and gynecological practice]. PMID- 6524624 TI - [The use of mathematical methods in the diagnosis of ovarian tumors]. PMID- 6524625 TI - [Differential diagnosis of metastases and primary ovarian tumors in patients with breast cancer]. PMID- 6524626 TI - [Blood coagulation changes during surgical treatment of patients with ovarian cancer]. PMID- 6524627 TI - [Effectiveness of various methods of surgical treatment of patients with polycystic ovaries]. PMID- 6524628 TI - [Results of surgical treatment of stage Tlb cervical carcinoma]. PMID- 6524629 TI - [Results of surgical treatment of various developmental defects of the uterus and vagina]. PMID- 6524630 TI - [Topographic-anatomical substantiation of enuceation of myomatous nodes from the uterus]. PMID- 6524632 TI - [Use of copper electrophoresis for the prevention of complications and restoration of the reproductive function after induced abortion of the first pregnancy]. PMID- 6524631 TI - [Tolerance of moderate normobaric hypoxia by patients with chronic salpingo oophoritis]. PMID- 6524633 TI - [Electrophysiological studies of the nervous system in patients with kraurosis vulvae after laser therapy]. PMID- 6524634 TI - [Use of tranquilizers in the diagnosis of causes of secondary amenorrhea in girls]. PMID- 6524635 TI - [Uterine microcirculatory bed in pseudoerosions]. PMID- 6524636 TI - [Various theoretical and practical aspects of the problem of non-neoplastic diseases of the cervix uteri]. PMID- 6524637 TI - The recognition of early stages of catagen. AB - Several criteria for recognition of follicles in catagen have been advanced, namely, loss of metachromasia in the hair papilla, subsidence of mitotic activity there, retraction of the lower portion of the follicle, and thickening and corrugation of the fibrous root sheath. The presence of scattered apoptotic cells in the outer root sheath is an additional marker of early catagen. PMID- 6524638 TI - Is papular acantholytic dyskeratosis of the vulva a new entity? PMID- 6524639 TI - [The EEG in anesthesia and intensive care monitoring]. AB - Electroencephalographic monitoring during anaesthesia and during intensive therapy has definite advantages. It aids the individual regulation and assessment of general anaesthesiological measures, and signals cerebral insufficiency in the patient under treatment. Examples illustrating initial cerebral states and characteristic changes of cerebral function related to anaesthesia in general, to various forms of anaesthesia as well as to the depth of anaesthesia, are presented. Other examples illustrate the significance of this method in interpreting the actual state of cerebral function during the course of intensive treatment. Possibilities of performing electroencephalographic registration during routine anaesthesiological procedures are discussed. PMID- 6524640 TI - [Experiences and impressions of patients in an surgical-trauma intensive care unit]. AB - Within the framework of a retrospective study performed by the Department of Anaesthesiology at Munich Technical University, 150 polytraumatized patients admitted to the intensive-care unit between 1976 and 1978 were questioned as to experiences and general impressions during their stay in the unit. The data obtained in this manner were recorded and systematically analysed. The average period of time between initial treatment and follow-up examination was 5 years. Average length of admission to the intensive-care unit was 20 days and the average age at time of injury was 27 years; 73% of the patients were artificially ventilated for approximately 7 days; 94 patients (63%) had cranio-cerebral trauma. A marked sense of security as well as strong emotional attachment to the ICU personnel were the most prevalent impressions obtained on questioning; these impressions were shared by almost all of the patients within the study. Reports of experience of anxiety were the exception. The presence of other patients within the same room, as well as the resulting opportunity to communicate with these patients, was psychologically supportive and provided a feeling of solidarity. Among the most prevalent of the negative impressions was a feeling of extreme thirst reported by 40 of the patients interviewed. Detrimental effects mentioned in many of the other investigations of intensive care patients such as loss of ability to communicate, lack of orientation as well as abolition of circadian rhythm played only a minor role in our study. PMID- 6524641 TI - [Prevention of complications of the transnasal placement of artificial respiration tubes and catheters]. AB - The anatomical variations of the nose and the nasopharynx concerning the possible complications in placement of transnasal tubes are discussed, such as problems with septal deviations, retropharyngeal or even intracranial aberration. In order to avoid complications attributable to these techniques the use of instruments designed for anterior rhinoscopy is recommended. No convenient and practicable instrument for routine use by an anaesthesiologist has been developed to date. PMID- 6524642 TI - [Evaluation of palmar collateral circulation with the Oxygenmet oxygen saturation measurement device]. AB - Assessment of collateral circulation of the palmar arcade prior to percutaneous radial artery cannulation is necessary because a thrombosing radial artery together with insufficient collateral circulation may lead to gangrene of the hand. A new method for assessment of collateral circulation of the palmar arcade by use of a spectrophotometric monitoring device for arterial oxygen saturation is described. This method is contrasted with current methods (Allen's test, Brodsky's test, ultrasound Doppler). PMID- 6524643 TI - [Cable attachment for wall rail systems]. AB - A new device attachable to the wall rail systems affords tidy handling of cables in the intensive care unit or the operating theatre. PMID- 6524644 TI - [Inflammatory cervical tumor: carbuncle]. PMID- 6524645 TI - [Sensitized vocal audiometry for Spanish speaking subjects]. PMID- 6524646 TI - [Abscesses and hematomas of the nasal septum in childhood]. PMID- 6524647 TI - [Different manifestations of mastoid tuberculosis]. PMID- 6524648 TI - [Effect of masking on the auditive potentials of the brainstem and on the action potential of the VIII nerve in man]. PMID- 6524649 TI - A new transport detector for high-performance liquid chromatography based on thermospray vaporization. PMID- 6524650 TI - Gas chromatographic determination of chemical residues in food using a rugged high-resolution mixed-bed column. PMID- 6524651 TI - Determination of ionic alkyllead compounds in water by gas chromatography/atomic absorption spectrometry. PMID- 6524652 TI - Relationship between gas chromatographic retention indices and molecular connectivities of nitrated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. PMID- 6524653 TI - Space charge effects in Fourier transform mass spectrometry. Mass calibration. PMID- 6524654 TI - Analysis of isomeric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by charge-exchange chemical ionization mass spectrometry. PMID- 6524655 TI - Isomer-selective determination of tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxins using hydroxyl negative ion chemical ionization mass spectrometry combined with high-resolution gas chromatography. PMID- 6524656 TI - Low temperature ashing preconcentration for elemental localization in biological soft tissues by ion microscopy. PMID- 6524657 TI - Solute-induced circular dichroism: complexation of achiral drugs with cyclodextrin. PMID- 6524658 TI - Cyclodextrin complexation of barbiturates in aqueous solution. PMID- 6524659 TI - Solute-induced circular dichroism: drug discrimination by cyclodextrin. PMID- 6524660 TI - Quantitative analysis of gas-phase formaldehyde molecular species at equilibrium with formalin solution. PMID- 6524661 TI - Alterations in potentiometric response of glucose oxidase platinum electrodes resulting from electrochemical or thermal pretreatments of a metal surface. PMID- 6524662 TI - Model of a two-substrate enzyme electrode for glucose. PMID- 6524663 TI - Comparison of three geometries for a cesium primary beam liquid secondary ion mass spectrometry source. PMID- 6524664 TI - Ion selective electrode method to determine sodium directly in processed meat products. PMID- 6524665 TI - Liquid chromatographic/mass spectrometric determination of optically active drugs. PMID- 6524666 TI - Determination of toxic azo dye metabolites in vitro by liquid chromatography/electrochemistry with a dual-electrode detector. PMID- 6524667 TI - Illicit heroin manufacturing byproducts: capillary gas chromatographic determination and structural elucidation of narcotine- and norlaudanosine-related compounds. PMID- 6524669 TI - Simple, compact visible absorption spectrophotometer. PMID- 6524668 TI - Simultaneous determination of hydrazine, methylhydrazine, and 1,1 dimethylhydrazine in air by derivatization/gas chromatography. PMID- 6524670 TI - Dead-volume free termination for packed columns in microcapillary liquid chromatography. PMID- 6524672 TI - Collaborative study of a graphite-furnace atomic-absorption screening method for the determination of lead in infant formulas. PMID- 6524671 TI - Evaluation of an electrothermal atomisation procedure for the determination of lead in potable water. PMID- 6524673 TI - Analytical uses of charge-transfer complexes: determination of pure and dosage forms of piperazine. PMID- 6524674 TI - Extraction and spectrophotometric determination of bismuth(III) with N-m-tolyl-p chlorobenzohydroxamic acid and xylenol orange. PMID- 6524675 TI - Phenothiazine drug poly(vinyl chloride) matrix membrane electrodes and their use in pharmaceutical analysis. PMID- 6524676 TI - Minimization of salicylic acid formation during preparation of aspirin products for analysis by high-performance liquid chromatography. PMID- 6524677 TI - Identification of monensin, narasin, salinomycin and lasalocid in pre-mixes and feeds by thin-layer chromatography. PMID- 6524678 TI - Determination of alpha-chloralose residues in vertebrate tissues by gas-liquid chromatography. PMID- 6524679 TI - A quantitative electron microscopic study on the frequency of exocytosis in the anterior pituitary of perinatal rats. AB - Granule exocytosis was quantitatively investigated in the perinatal rat anterior pituitary at the electron microscopic level. Both the number of cells in the process of exocytosis and the number of extruded granules per cell profile found in a standardized area of section were counted. The first distinct figure of exocytosis was detected in the anterior pituitary of fetal rats on day 18.5 of gestation, although occasional cells on day 17.5 had structures resembling granule extrusion. The frequency of cells showing granule discharge was very low on day 18.5 of gestation, but it sharply increased on day 19.5; a similar level was maintained up to day 21.5 of gestation. While the number of exocytosed granules per cell profile was almost unchanged during the fetal and neonatal period up to day 3 after birth. The frequency of cells undergoing exocytosis decreased near the time of birth, after which it transiently increased and dropped again to a minimum at 12 h after delivery. During days 1 to 3 of postnatal life, cells in the process of exocytosis were less frequent compared to fetuses between day 19.5 and 21.5. Both the number of cells undergoing exocytosis and the number of discharged granules per cell profile first exceeded the fetal values on the 6th postnatal day and were remarkably augmented between days 9-20 of the neonatal period. These data are discussed in relation to the hormone secreting activity of the anterior pituitary gland of perinatal rats. PMID- 6524680 TI - Umbilical vessels of spontaneously hypertensive rats. AB - Umbilical vessels of spontaneously hypertensive rats, control strain Wistar-Kyoto rats and rats treated with alpha-methyldopa were compared using the scanning electron microscope and light microscope. Observations with the scanning electron microscope revealed that the venous endothelial cells were relatively flat, giving the luminal surface of the vein a smooth appearance. The nuclear region of the fusiform arterial endothelial cells was responsible for the bumpy appearance of the luminal surface of the artery. Microvilli were a consistent feature of the endothelium in both umbilical vessels. There was no consistent pattern of distribution or density of microvilli within either vessel, but microvilli were more abundant on the luminal surface of the artery than in the vein. The luminal surface of some endothelial cells of the artery had long straight processes which crossed several cells before terminating. Light microscopic observations revealed that the endothelial cells and cells of the tunica intima and media contained an abundance of glycogen. The same layers stained sparsely for acid glycosaminoglycans. Maternal hypertension and treatment of spontaneously hypertensive rats with the antihypertensive drug, alpha-methyldopa, did not result in significant morphological alterations of either the endothelium or tunica media of the umbilical blood vessels. PMID- 6524681 TI - On the migration of epidermal melanoblasts in the avian embryonic wing bud. AB - After heterotopic grafting of quail neural crest cells to the wing buds of embryos of an unpigmented chicken strain, epidermal melanocytes of donor origin are found almost exclusively distal from the graft in the host's epidermis. This directed cell migration ceases, if the apical ectodermal ridge (together with a small amount of subridge mesoderm) is removed from the operated wing buds or if impermeable materials are interposed between it and the rest of the wing bud. Under these conditions epidermal melanocytes are found not only distal from but also proximal to the grafts. From this it may be deduced that the apical ectodermal ridge directs the migration of epidermal melanoblasts in the avian embryonic wing bud, possibly by a chemotactic mechanism. The presence or absence of the apical ectodermal ridge had no observable effect on the migratory behaviour of other neural crest derived cell populations (Schwann cells and non epidermal melanocytes) in the wing bud. This shows that the apical ectodermal ridge specifically influences epidermal melanocytes. PMID- 6524683 TI - A type of apparently axonless granule cell in the cat auditory cortex. AB - In the auditory areas (A I, A II and the posterior ectosylvian gyrus) of the cat, unusually small granule cells apparently lacking an axon are described. They are exclusively located in layer 2/3 and sometimes impregnate in groups of 4 or 5, being probably quite frequent. Some morphological differences between granule cells of young and adult cats are noted. PMID- 6524682 TI - Demonstration of hypothalamo-cerebellar and cerebello-hypothalamic fibres in a prosimian primate (Galago crassicaudatus). AB - Hypothalamo-cerebellar and cerebello-hypothalamic fibres in the greater bushbaby (Galago crassicaudatus) have been demonstrated by means of retrograde and anterograde transport of the wheat germ agglutinin--horseradish peroxidase complex. The hypothalamo-cerebellar projection is bilateral and has its main origin in the lateral hypothalamic area. The posterior and dorsal hypothalamic areas and the lateral mammillary, tuberomammillary and periventricular nuclei also project to cerebellum. Cerebello-hypothalamic fibres are crossed and terminate in the dorsal, posterior and lateral hypothalamic areas. The hypothalamo-cerebellar and cerebello-hypothalamic projections appear to be in part reciprocal. The results are discussed with reference to our findings in other species, and some comments are made concerning the possible circuits involved in cerebellar regulation of non-somatic responses. PMID- 6524684 TI - Apical dendritic spines and axonic terminals in the bipyramidal neurons of the dorsomedial cortex of lizards (Lacerta). AB - Gold-toned bipyramidal neurons of the dorsomedial cortex of Lacerta have been studied using light and electron microscopy. The spines have been classified as stubby, mushroom-shaped or thin. Thin and mushroom-shaped spines are only found on proximal and intermediate dendritic segments, whereas stubby spines are found on distal dendritic segments. A Timm's method modification for electron microscopy (sulphide-osmium procedure) has been used. Timm-positive axonal endings usually synapse on thin and mushroom-shaped spines, whereas Timm-negative axonal endings usually synapse on stubby spines. Timm-positive afferents and their post-synaptic spines on bipyramidal neurons of Lacerta's dorsomedial cortex are compared with the corresponding elements on pyramidal neurons of the CA3 region of the hippocampus of mammals, on the basis of several histochemical and morphological studies. The possibility that these two neuronal types may be homologous is discussed. PMID- 6524685 TI - An ipsilateral projection from the red nucleus to the lateral reticular nucleus in the cat. AB - Injections of the wheat germ agglutinin--horseradish peroxidase complex into the lateral reticular nucleus reveal that in addition to the well known contralateral rubroreticular connection, there is also a small but clear cut ipsilateral projection. Cells of various sizes participate in this ipsilateral pathway, and the retrogradely labelled neurons lie dispersed throughout the entire red nucleus. PMID- 6524686 TI - Freeze-replica study of lipid droplets in the Ito cells of rat liver. AB - The structure of lipid droplets in the Ito cells was studied by the freeze replica method in vitamin A-treated rats. Most lipid droplets were fractured in planes through their lipid contents. Some of them were surrounded by a membrane structure that had intramembranous particles (IMP), which were more numerous on the protoplasmic face than the exoplasmic face. Those with the membrane containing IMP correspond to the membrane-bounded lipid droplets (lipid droplets surrounded by lysosomes) seen in the electron microscopic observation of conventional thin section preparations. There were no lipid droplets showing concave or convex multilayered structures in the Ito cells from properly fixed livers. Since these multilayered structures were observed only in the materials fixed by immersion with glutaraldehyde or fixed 40 minutes after the death of animals, it is likely that they represent an artifact, showing an autolytic change, caused by poor fixation or postmortem change. PMID- 6524687 TI - The secretory pathway in the mouse epididymis as shown by electron microscope radioautography of principal cells exposed to monensin. AB - The secretory pathway in principal cells of the mouse epididymis was studied using in vitro labeling and electron microscope radioautography of tissue exposed to the ionophore monensin. After a 5-minute pulse of 3H-leucine, control samples of caput epididymidis were incubated in a modified Krebs-Ringer solution (MKRH medium), while experimental specimens were placed in the same medium, to which 1 microM monensin had been added. At intervals between 5 minutes and 4 hours, samples were fixed and prepared for electron microscope radioautography. Analysis of control specimens revealed heaviest labeling of the rough and the sparsely granulated endoplasmic reticulum early in the experiment followed by a fall in radioactivity, maximal labeling of the Golgi apparatus at 30 minutes, and a pronounced rise in the percentage of grains associated with the apical cell surface and the epididymal lumen beginning 1 hour after administration of precursor. In monensin-treated epididymides, radioactive material accumulated in the Golgi region while the normal increase in labeling of the apical surface and the lumen was completely inhibited for at least 2 hours. The percentage of grains attributed to coated vesicles was also reduced in samples exposed to monensin. In contrast, labeling patterns of the abundant, sparsely granulated, endoplasmic reticulum and the rough endoplasmic reticulum were very similar in monensin treated and control specimens. The concomitant alterations in labeling of the Golgi apparatus and the lumen demonstrate that the Golgi apparatus participates in intracellular transport of secretory proteins in epididymal principal cells, and is not bypassed as previously suggested. The percentage of grains associated with the sparsely granulated endoplasmic reticulum suggests that much of the synthesis of secretory protein in the principal cells occurs in this organelle, and the lack of alteration of its labeling in the presence of a monensin-induced block at the level of the Golgi apparatus indicates that the sparsely granulated endoplasmic reticulum lies before the Golgi apparatus in the secretory pathway. It is speculated that vesicles play a role in transport of secretory protein from the Golgi apparatus to the lumen. PMID- 6524689 TI - Myometrial ultrastructure and innervation in Myotis lucifugus, the little brown bat. AB - Uteri from hibernating bats, Myotis lucifugus, collected periodically from Renfrew County, Ontario, were fixed in 2% glutaraldehyde and processed for electron microscopy or incubated in glyoxylic acid to show adrenergic nerves by fluorescence. The bat uterus is structurally typical of mammalian species; although the right uterine horn is permanently enlarged in parous bats due to hypertrophy of both myometrium and endometrium. Nerves were abundant between both longitudinal and circular layers of muscle cells. Unmyelinated, and some myelinated, axons, ranging from few to many, coursed generally parallel to the uterine long axis. Numerous axonal varicosities containing small dense-cored (adrenergic) vesicles or, less often, small agranular (cholinergic) vesicles, were found forming close nerve-muscle contacts between myometrial cells and blood vessels. Fluorescent microscopy showed a dense network of adrenergic nerves in parous uteri, but a sparse network in nulliparous uteri. A specific adrenergic nerve marker, 5-hydroxydopamine, greatly increased the density and in some instances, the size of granular vesicles, while 6-hydroxydopamine, which depletes adrenergic neutrotransmitter, reduced the number of dense-cored vesicles. Nulliparous uteri appeared unchanged by six daily injections of 0.1 microgram estradiol-17 beta; 0.25 mg progesterone, or both; but parous uteri were greatly enlarged by all regimes. Nerve ultrastructure, however, appeared unaffected by steroid treatment; nor, despite the absolute dextral bias in implantation, were left-right differences observed. Gap junctions were not found between muscle cells in myometria of any bat uteri. Based on this study, we suggest that M. lucifugus may provide a most useful model for examination of neurogenic regulation of the uterus. PMID- 6524688 TI - Prevention by pinealectomy of short-photoperiod-induced ultrastructural changes in the hamster Harderian gland. AB - Harderian gland ultrastructure was examined at biweeky intervals for 16 weeks after either pinealectomy or sham-operation of male and female hamsters kept in 1L:23D and 14L:10D photoperiods. Female characteristics such as membrane formations and extensive smooth endoplasmic reticulum appeared in the males kept under short photoperiod conditions. Similarly, male characteristics such as the tubular clusters appeared in the glands of females kept in the short photoperiod. When male and female hamsters were pinealectomized and exposed to the short photoperiod, the glands in each sex retained the characteristics typical of that sex. Atrophy of the testes and uteri was also observed in the sham-operated hamsters maintained under short photoperiods, but not in the pinealectomized animals. The changes observed in the Harderian glands and reproductive organs of hamsters kept in the short photoperiod were not observed in the hamsters maintained in the long photoperiod. The photoperiod-induced ultrastructural changes in the hamster Harderian glands are most likely due to changes in hormonal levels brought about by the regression of reproductive organs and can be prevented by pinealectomy. PMID- 6524690 TI - Effects of progressive hyperglycemia on ovarian structure and function in the spontaneously diabetic Chinese hamster. AB - The effect of the progressive hyperglycemic condition on ovarian follicular maturation was studied in control, moderate (160-350 mg/dl blood glucose), and overt (greater than or equal to 350 mg/dl blood glucose), spontaneously diabetic Chinese hamsters. Match-paired (age, sex, and weight) control and diabetic animals were sacrificed at specific intervals during the development of the diabetic condition; the ovaries were collected and morphometrically analyzed for changes in ovarian follicular growth relative to blood glucose levels. Follicles were classified according to size, number, and condition. The total number of primary (100-200 micrometers diameter) and secondary (200-350 micrometers diameter) follicles was reduced in both moderate and overt diabetic females as compared with controls. The percentage of viable (i.e., nonatretic) follicles was greatly reduced in the secondary follicle class of overt diabetic animals as compared with controls. No significant differences were observed in the numbers of viable tertiary (i.e., greater than or equal to 350 micrometers diameter) follicles in any of the diabetic animals as compared with controls. The percentage of atretic, secondary follicles was greatly increased in the overt diabetic group as compared with controls. These data indicate that the progressive hyperglycemia associated with diabetes in the Chinese hamster induces a severe depression of normal follicular recruitment resulting in an impaired reproductive performance in this species. PMID- 6524691 TI - Ultrastructure of the parotid gland in the little brown bat. AB - The ultrastructure of the parotid gland was examined in the little brown bat. The seromucous acinar cells contained abundant granules of variable morphology. These granules were characterized by a submembranous dense layer consisting of fine parallel slats. In some bats, the matrix of the granules was structureless, whereas in others it consisted of closely packed but randomly arranged bundles of tubules. The intercalated ducts had a highly developed rough endoplasmic reticulum, often containing large numbers of intracisternal granules. In contrast, only a few secretory granules were present in the supranuclear cytoplasm. The striated ducts, which exhibited the characteristic basal striations consisting of vertically oriented mitochondria and highly folded plasmalemmas, contained numerous small dense granules in a subluminal band. These granules had a paracrystalline substructure with a periodicity of 8 nm. Excretory ducts strongly resembled striated ducts. They showed the same kind of basal striations and about half their constituent cells contained small paracrystalline granules. PMID- 6524692 TI - The mononuclear phagocyte system of the mouse defined by immunohistochemical localisation of antigen F4/80: macrophages associated with epithelia. AB - The tissue distribution of the murine macrophage-specific antigen F4/80 has been analysed using an immunohistochemical technique. The antigen is observed on all known macrophage populations (including Kupffer cells and bronchoalveolar macrophages) and is absent from any cell types that are definitely not mononuclear phagocytes. Microglial cells from brain express F4/80. F4/80+ macrophages observed associated with epithelia can be divided into two categories, intraepithelial and periepithelial. The former includes epidermal Langerhans cells and cells with similar morphology in other stratified squamous epithelia (cervix, oesophagus), pseudostratified epithelium (trachea), transitional epithelium of urinary bladder, and simple epithelia lining various ducts (salivary gland, common bile duct, tracheobronchial gland). Periepithelial F4/80+ cells, apparently spread immediately below the basal lamina, are associated with simple epithelia throughout the gastrointestinal, respiratory, and male and female reproductive tract as well as the brain ependyma. A major class of periepithelial F4/80+ cells is associated with capillaries throughout the microcirulation. The role of these macrophage populations in control of epithelial function is discussed. PMID- 6524693 TI - The ultrastructure of oral (buccopharyngeal) membrane formation and rupture in the anuran embryo. AB - The ultrastructure of the oral (buccopharyngeal) membrane was examined by transmission and electron microscopy in the anuran, Rana japonica, embryo. The stomodeum is recognizable on the ventral surface anterior to the neural folds as the neural folds are beginning to close (neural tube stage). The stomodeum is gradually enlarged and deepened as development proceeds. At the neural tube stage, the oral membrane is 5-7 cell layers thick and the stomodeal ectodermal cells are cuboidal and the foregut endodermal cells are cuboidal or columnar. Desmosomes and basal lamina could not be found between the ectodermal and endodermal epithelia. The oral membrane gradually thins between the neural tube and hatching stages. At the hatching stage, the oral membrane becomes two or three cell layers thick and each cell is flattened. Many perforations of the oral membrane after hatching and the oral membrane appears "net-like." Necrotic cells occur in the oral membrane and these cells contain many autophagic vacuoles. ACPase-positive lysosomes, Golgi regions, and autophagic vacuoles were present in the oral membrane. At the asymmetrical trunk stage, a large part of the oral membrane disappears and only remnants are left. PMID- 6524694 TI - An implant labeling technique employing sable hair probes as carriers for 3H thymidine: applications to the study of facial morphogenesis. AB - An implant labeling technique is described that utilizes sable hair probes as carriers for a tritiated thymidine marker. The protocol that was developed produced localized labeling of specific embryonic cell populations. This procedure was applied to the analysis of facial process development in chick embryos. Evaluation of the technique demonstrated that the probe preparation procedure was consistently successful in producing labeled probes. Using labeled probes, the procedure was reliable in producing acceptable levels of labeling in chick embryonic tissues and labeling of localized cell populations was possible using the implant labeling technique. Surrounding the center of labeling, a gradient in intensity of labeling was often observed. This pattern presumably reflects declining availability of labeled thymidine as distance from the probe increased. The technique allowed excellent survival rates to be achieved provided that aseptic procedures were followed. Additionally, careful analysis of older embryos failed to reveal any malformations induced by the implant labeling procedure. The localized labeling patterns that were demonstrated during this investigation suggest that the implant labeling technique would provide a useful tool for following cell migration during facial process formation. PMID- 6524695 TI - The value of graphic reconstructions--comparison with scanning electron microscopy. AB - Because knowledge of spatial morphology of the human embryonic heart mainly derives from serial microscopic sections and from reconstructions based on such series, it might be questioned whether the results obtained are comparable with animal studies in which scanning electron microscopy is used. Therefore, pig embryo hearts of the same developmental stage were processed for routine histological sectioning as well as for scanning electron microscopy. A graphic reconstruction was made of a right ventricular view, to be compared with a similar scanning micrograph. The two images, produced by much different techniques, were strikingly similar. In addition, the graphic reconstruction technique is complementary to scanning electron microscopy, because histological details can be introduced. PMID- 6524696 TI - Mesonephric excretory function related to its influence on differentiation of fetal gonads. AB - The mammalian intermediate fetal kidney, the mesonephros, is known in different species to excrete body waste products during a limited period of fetal life. Recently, the mesonephros and its derivatives have been shown to influence gonadal functions in several ways. Thus, the mesonephric cells are responsible for regulating the onset of meiosis in different mammals by the secretion of two substances, a meiosis-inducing substance (MIS) and a meiosis-preventing substance (MPS). In this paper, the relation between mesonephric kidney function and its influence on the gonads is reviewed through literature studies. It seems that cessation of mesonephric excretion precedes onset of meiosis in the ovary in different species. It is suggested that the mesonephric renal function interferes with synthesis and/or secretion of MIS or that the excreted products may interfere with the responsiveness to MIS of the germ cells. PMID- 6524697 TI - The influence of the hair cycle on the thickness of mouse skin. AB - The data on mouse skin thickness reported here was prompted by the need to know the true position of basal cells of the epidermis and hair follicles as these are important "cells at risk" for a variety of skin reactions including carcinogenesis following exposure to radiation. There is little reliable data in the literature and most previous reports have ignored the shrinkage of skin that occurs because of its natural elasticity. The values determined for mouse flank skin in telogen--the resting phase of the hair cycle for the different skin layers--are epidermis 10 micron, corium 250 micron, adipose layer 150 micron, and hair follicle depth 150 micron. Three days after chemical depilation which triggers the hair follicles into active cycle (anagen) the epidermis doubles in thickness, remains at this value for 7 days, and then gradually returns to telogen values by day 18. The corium and adipose layers also increase significantly to reach approximately 390 micron and approximately 260 micron, respectively, by day 10 and then return to control values from day 15 onward. The change in hair follicles depths are more dramatic with active follicle basal cells reaching approximately 450-550 micron into the adipose layer between days 7 and 15. One important finding is that chemical depilation does not affect the telogen thickness of skin-the teleogen values for the epidermis and dermis immediately prior to and immediately after depilation were similar to those 23 days later at the beginning of the next telogen phase. PMID- 6524698 TI - The effects of pelvic neurectomy on collagen in the cervix of the pseudopregnant rat. AB - Bilateral section of the pelvic parasympathetic nerves (pelvic-neurectomy) on day 5 of pseudopregnancy had no effect on the wet weight of ovaries, uteri, and/or cervices, but at day 9 serum progesterone was reduced to approximately half that of sham-operated animals. Collagen in the cervix was visualized with picrosirius red staining under polarization microscopy. Pelvic neurectomy decreased the birefringence of Type 1 collagen in the cervix to less than half that of sham operated animals. The decreased birefringence, an index of the organization of collagen fibers, is believed to be attributable to reduced progesterone levels. Alternatively, the pelvic nerve may directly influence mucopolysaccharides or collagenolytic enzymes in the cervix. PMID- 6524699 TI - Further evidence of inactivity of hypothalamo-pituitary-thyroid axis in Snell dwarf mice. AB - The effects of hemithyroidectomy (hemiTX) and complete thyroidectomy (TX) on the cellular composition and the mitotic activity of the anterior pituitary gland were examined in genetically thyrotropin (TSH)-deficient female Snell dwarf mice (dw/dw) and in phenotypically normal female mice (?/+) from the same strain. In normal (nondwarf) mice, both hemiTX and TX reduced the percentage of acidophilic (orange G-positive) cells and increased the percentage of thyrotropic (aldehyde fuchsin [AF]-positive) cells, whereas the percentage of gonadotrophs (PAS positive cells) and chromophobes (unstained cells) was not affected. Both interventions increased the mean mitotic activity rate (MMAR) of the anterior pituitary lobe. This effect was related to the enhancement of the MMAR of acidophilic cells and, particularly, thyrotropic cells. The MMAR of thyrotrophs in thyroidectomized normal mice was significantly higher than that in sham-TX controls or in hemithyroidectomized animals. In Snell dwarf mice, neither hemiTX nor TX affected the percentage of the various cell categories (PAS-positive, unstained, and extremely rare AF-positive cells) in the anterior pituitary lobe. Furthermore, neither hemiTX nor TX substantially influenced the MMAR of the gland. No mitotic figures were found in the AF-positive cells. Since the AF positive cells in the anterior pituitary of dwarf mice completely failed to respond to hemiTX or TX, we believe they are not true thyrotropic cells. Using electron microscopy, we confirmed a lack of somatotrophs, mammotrophs, and normal thyrotrophs in the anterior pituitary of Snell dwarf mice. The results provide morphological evidence of inactivity of the hypothalamo-pituitary-thyroid axis in Snell dwarf mice. PMID- 6524700 TI - Morphogenesis of chordae tendineae. I: Scanning electron microscopy. AB - The formation of the chordae tendineae of the left atrioventricular valve in the chick embryo is described using scanning electron microscopy. These supportive structures for the valve cusps develop between days 6 and 13 of incubation. Elevations which represent the primitive papillary muscles form on the ventricular wall. These elevations bifurcate into thin, web-like folds which are attached to the primitive valve cusps. The folds are the primordia of the chordae tendineae. Linear ridges develop on the web between the cusp and papillary muscle. These ridges alternate with depressions. The depressions become perforate to create the individual chorda from the linear ridges. Multiple perforations form initially but they typically consolidate to create one large aperture between two chordae. Some interchordal connections of tissue do persist throughout the period studied. During the period of perforation, prominent rounded cells are typical of the endocardium between the chordae. These cells are similar at the scanning electron microscope level to those present in the formation of the foramina secunda of the atrial septum. Primary, secondary, and tertiary chordae tendineae appear to develop in the same manner. First order chordae (those attached at the free margin of a cusp) are not found in the chick embryo. The majority of the chordae are second order, which insert into the ventricular surface of the cusp a short distance from the free edge. These chordae typically have a horizontal banding or grooving along their length. Third order chordae which extend from the papillary muscle to the ventricular wall are also present. It is suggested that chordal development is a programmed cellular and hemodynamic event. PMID- 6524701 TI - Immunohistological demonstration of S-100 protein in the cutaneous nervous system. AB - S-100 protein, isolated from mammalian brain, has widely been used for immunohistochemical marker of the glia cells and the cells derived from the neural crest. In the present study, we made anti S-100 protein antibody and studied the immunoreactive distribution of S-100 protein in the cutaneous nervous system. Albino rabbits were immunized with S-100 protein and complete Freund adjuvant, and antiserum was purified by ion-exchange chromatography. Formalin fixed normal human skin and sciatic nerve of rat were examined by the PAP method. S-100 protein was detected in Schwann cells of sciatic nerve of rat and cutaneous nerve bundles of human skin specimens. Meissner corpuscles and inner core cells of Pacinian corpuscles of human skin were S-100 protein positive. These findings suggest that the staining of S-100 protein with PAP method is a simple and reliable method to demonstrate the cutaneous nervous system. Also, lamellar cells of Meissner corpuscles and inner core cells of Pacinian corpuscles are indicated to be Schwann cell origin. PMID- 6524702 TI - Resistance vessels supplying the median eminence of the rabbit, rat, and cat. AB - The ultrastructure of arterioles supplying the median eminence of eight rats, eight rabbits, and two cats was studied after vascular perfusion with phosphate buffered aldehyde fixatives. There were terminal arterioles with a lumen diameter of 50-70 micron within the pars tuberalis. Smaller arterioles (precapillary sphincters and metarterioles) with a lumen diameter of 15-20 micron were present on the surface of the median eminence. Arterioles were not observed to penetrate the neuropil but were seen to supply the external capillary plexus of the median eminence. Direct innervation of arterioles supplying the median eminence was not present and hence regulation of median eminence blood flow by peripheral sympathetic mechanisms appears unlikely. Resistance vessels were found to be closely related to axon terminals on the surface of the median eminence and to fenestrated capillaries of the external plexus. In addition, the endothelial cells of arterioles were characterized by the presence of pits and vesicles which may play a role in transendothelial transport. These findings suggest two mechanisms by which blood flow into the median eminence can be regulated: (a) by central catecholaminergic systems terminating in the median eminence and (b) by catecholamine secretions from the adrenal medulla. PMID- 6524703 TI - Ultrastructural characterization of glial cells in the rat pineal gland with special reference to the pineal stalk. AB - In the present study the "interstitial" cells of the superficial pineal gland and the nonparenchymal cells of the pineal stalk in Sprague-Dawley rats were examined ultrastructurally with the aim of defining the cells more closely. The "interstitial" cells of the superficial pineal gland do not represent a homogeneous cell population. The most abundant cell type is the mononuclear phagocyte, most easily recognized by its dark appearance and its content of primary and conspicuous secondary lysosomes. Astrocytes can be distinguished by the typical appearance of their nuclei (i.e., a thin continuous rim of heterochromatin adjacent to the nuclear membrane), identical to that of astrocytes in the CNS. Depending on the absence or presence of glial filaments and their amount, a spectrum of astrocytic cells is present. Mature astrocytes with filaments throughout their cytoplasm are rare. Immature glial cells with few or no filaments predominate. In the vicinity of blood vessels pericytes are present. In view of the fact that the "interstitial" cells could generally be identified it is suggested to abandon the term interstitial for the cells in question. In the pineal stalk mature astrocytes predominate; they have some features in common with pinealocytes, i.e., the presence of intergrade endoplasmic reticulum and grumose bodies (lysosomes). Other unusual features are a relative abundance of coated pits and vesicles. Oligodendrocytes are restricted to the proximal part of the stalk, near the deep pineal, where myelinated axons are abundant. More distally a few Schwann cells were seen. PMID- 6524704 TI - A simplified method for hand-made oblique graphical reconstructions. AB - The present paper deals with a convenient, manual method for making oblique graphical reconstructions from serial sections. The method is based on a projection on the plane of drawing of a three-dimensional coordinate system, which is submitted to two successive and predetermined spatial rotations. Restriction to two rotations simplifies the mathematical approach to a coordinate transformation from a three-dimensional into a two-dimensional system. The resulting formulae, which are quite easily applied, lead to a quick visualization procedure. PMID- 6524706 TI - Relationships between the bovine major histocompatibility system and commonly recognized erythrocyte and serum polymorphisms. AB - Linkage at a recombination frequency of 0.10 or less between the bovine major histocompatibility system and the B, C and L red blood cell groups and the albumin, haemoglobin and transferrin loci was excluded by Morton's lod score method. The white blood cell antigen CA19, which is independent of the bovine major histocompatibility system, is the J blood group. PMID- 6524705 TI - Serum protein changes and their correlation with antibody production in rabbits following induced Setaria cervi infection. AB - The sera obtained from normal control and Setaria cervi infected rabbits were analysed weekly both qualitatively and quantitatively. Electrophoretic studies as well as biochemical estimation reveal an increase in total protein and globulin and a decrease in albumin level. The changes were more marked in the third week, followed by a declining phase reaching an almost normal level by the sixth week. The increased globulin level analysed electrophoretically also coincided with the appearance of 2 precipitin arcs in immunoelectrophoretic analysis indicating a correlation between antibody production and hyperglobulinaemia. PMID- 6524707 TI - Two-dimensional electrophoresis of horse serum proteins: genetic polymorphism of ceruloplasmin and two other serum proteins. AB - Two-dimensional agarose gel (pH 8.6)-horizontal polyacrylamide gel (pH 9.0) electrophoresis of horse serum proteins revealed genetic polymorphism of ceruloplasmin (Cp) and two unidentified serum proteins tentatively designated serum protein 1 (SP1) and serum protein 2 (SP2). Family data were consistent with the hypothesis that the observed Cp and SP1 phenotypes were each controlled by two codominant, autosomal alleles. The three common SP2 phenotypes were shown to be controlled by two codominant, autosomal alleles. Population data and limited family data indicated the occurrence of two additional SP2 alleles. Altogether more than 600 horses representing 13 different breeds were typed for Cp, SP1 and SP2, and allele frequency estimates were calculated. SP2 was highly polymorphic in all breeds studied whereas SP1 and Cp showed quite low degrees of polymorphism. SP1 polymorphism was observed in seven breeds while Cp polymorphism was observed only in the Icelandic toelter horse breed. PMID- 6524708 TI - Mapping of the gene for G blood group antigens to chromosome 15 in swine. AB - Linkage analysis between size variants of the centromeric region of chromosome 15 and G blood group alleles produced a lod score of 5.03. The maximum likelihood estimate of the recombination fraction is theta = 0.24 with a 95% confidence interval of 0.08 less than theta less than 0.40. Since this is the second time that linkage between a chromosome 15 marker and the G blood group locus has been shown, the assignment of the G blood group locus to chromosome 15 is confirmed. PMID- 6524709 TI - The transfer of bovine J blood group activity to erythrocytes: chemical nature of transferable and of non-transferable J. AB - The bovine J blood group substance exists as a glycosphingolipid (ceramide decahexoside as well as ceramide dodecahexoside) and as a glycoprotein. The lipidic form occurs in erythrocyte membranes, both forms are found in serum. The lipidic J substances were isolated from erythrocytes and from serum, and identified by thin-layer chromatography with lipidic J substances isolated from spleen. The glycoprotein nature of the non-lipidic J of serum was evident by pronase-catalysed hydrolysis yielding J-active glycopeptides of lower molecular weights. The lipidic J was completely extracted from lyophilized stroma with chloroform/methanol. From lyophilized serum, however, it was completely extracted only in the presence of water, indicating different binding partners in serum and in erythrocyte membranes. The J lipid was incorporated as intact molecule into the erythrocyte membrane by a simple incubation technique. The incorporation was inhibited by various glycerophospholipids (called blockers). The J glycoprotein could not be transferred to the erythrocyte membrane. Three methods are described which are suitable for the preparation of a blocker-free fraction enriched with J lipids from J-positive serum. PMID- 6524710 TI - Blood group association with severity and speed of the halothane reaction. AB - The second generation (n = 227) of British Landrace pigs from selected halothane positive parents (36 litters) were blood-typed for the S(A-O), H and Phi loci and subjected to four 5-minute halothane tests at 21, 35, 49 and 63 days of age. Cumulative scores based on severity and speed of reaction were analysed in relation to single-locus blood group genotypes and linkage group sequences at two and three loci. A highly significant negative correlation (r = -0.79) was found between severity and speed of reaction. Significant differences occurred between blood group genotypes and linkage groups in both severity and speed of reaction. Genotypes S s/s, H a/a or H a/- and Phi B/B and linkage groups involving these three types had the highest cumulative reaction score and the fastest reaction time, whereas genotypes Phi A/B, S S/S or S S/s and H a/cd and linkage groups with these types had the lowest and slowest reaction scores. Some differences between genotypes and linkage groups were attributed to phenotypically halothane positive parents and offspring being genotypically Hal N/n. These effects could result from linkage with heterozygous types such as H a/cd and S S/s. The possible role of the H cd allele acting as a genetic marker for a suppressor gene to the halothane reaction is discussed. PMID- 6524711 TI - Haemopexin in sheep, mouflon and goat: genetic polymorphism, heterogeneity and partial characterization. AB - Benzidine staining of starch gels after electrophoresis of sera to which haematin was added revealed polymorphism of haemopexin in sheep, mouflon and goat. In sheep three phenotypes were observed, Hpx A, Hpx AB and Hpx B. Pedigree data support the hypothesis of codominant inheritance from a single locus by two alleles, HpxA and HpxB. Neuraminidase treatment of haemopexin preparations showed that Hpx B covered two variants, B1 and B2, thus indicating genetic control by three alleles (HpxA, HpxB1 and HpxB2). In sheep populations the frequency of HpxB is low. In mouflon, in addition to the two variants that are like those of sheep, absence of haemopexin was observed in some animals, by using starch gel electrophoresis as well as immunoelectrophoresis. In goat, three phenotypes were detected, Hpx A, Hpx AB and Hpx B, differing in migration from those of sheep. Haemopexins of the studied species are heterogeneous. Sialic acid is responsible for electrophoretic heterogeneity of sheep haemopexin. Chemical composition (amino acid and carbohydrate), molecular weight (56 060) and N-terminal sequence (Leu-Pro-Pro-) of sheep haemopexin were also determined. PMID- 6524712 TI - Comparison of bovine serum transferrin A and D2. I. Amino acid residue differences. AB - A comparison is made of single components of the homozygous variants A and D2 of bovine serum transferrin by tryptic, chymotryptic and cyanogen bromide digestion. It is concluded that there are three substitutions A:D2-Glu:Asp, Lys:Arg and Asp:Gly. In the light of the recent work of Brock et al. (1980) it is concluded that all three substitutions occur in the C-terminal sequence of the chain. By homology with the sequence of human serum transferrin (MacGillivray et al., 1982) the Lys:Arg and Asp:Gly substitutions probably occur at residues 527 and 446, respectively, from the N-terminus. The Asp:Gly substitution is considered more likely than our earlier conclusion (Maeda, McKenzie & Shaw, 1977) that there is a deletion in the chain of D2 (A:D2, Asp:--). The location of the Glu:Asp substitution is not known. PMID- 6524713 TI - A new method for separation of chicken red cell catalase isozymes. PMID- 6524714 TI - Serum and colostrum antibody to Pasteurella species in dairy cattle. AB - A survey of antibody to Pasteurella haemolytica and P multocida, using a fluorometric immunoassay, was conducted on sera collected from 264 dairy cattle from 3 herds. Serum antibody titers to P haemolytica were 0 to 270 with low titers (less than 25) seen in 48.1% of the cows and heifers. Serum antibody titers to P multocida were 0 to 380 and the frequency of distribution of these titers were more even than for P haemolytica. Mean serum antibody titers to P haemolytica were significantly (P less than 0.005) higher in cattle from an open dairy herd when compared with those from 2 closed herds. Antibody titers to these organisms was determined in 7 colostrum samples. Pasteurella haemolytica antibody titers varied, depending on the whey separation technique used. Passive transfer of colostrum-derived antibody in 5 neonatal calves resulted in a maximum mean serum antibody titer at 20 hours after birth for P haemolytica and at 8 hours after birth for P multocida. Serum titers were higher overall for P multocida than for P haemolytica. Serum titers for P haemolytica declined rapidly. A significant (P less than 0.05) increase in antibody to P multocida was observed at 5 days of age. PMID- 6524715 TI - Changes in the microscopic anatomy of the bovine teat canal during mammary involution. AB - Changes in the microscopic anatomy of the bovine teat canal were examined during mammary involution. Morphometric analyses revealed a significant (P less than 0.05), temporary dilatation of the teat canal lumen on day 7 of the nonlactating period. Additionally, the teat canal epithelium physiologically atrophied as evidenced by decreased cross-sectional area and thickness during the first 30 days of the nonlactating period, significantly so (P less than 0.05) between days 0 and 7. This physiologic atrophy was due mainly to a reduction in area and thickness of the stratum granulosum and may have resulted from continuing keratinization, a process that led to increased thickness of the keratin layer and formation of a functional plug during later stages of involution. Changes in cells of the stratum granulosum indicated a decrease in the rate of epithelial cell maturation during involution. The mitotic index (percentage of basal cells in mitosis) of the teat canal epithelium decreased significantly (P less than 0.05) between days 0 and 7 of the nonlactating period. Bacteria, observed in histologic sections, appeared to colonize only certain regions of the keratin layer. Seemingly, changes in the teat canal during mammary involution may be important factors in changing susceptibility to new intramammary infection during the early and mid-nonlactating periods. PMID- 6524716 TI - Effect of pH on in vitro ruminal conversion of L-tryptophan to 3-methylindole and indole. AB - Three in vitro experiments were conducted to determine the effects of pH on ruminal conversion of L-tryptophan (TRP) to 3-methylindole (3-MI) and indole (IND). Experiment 1 involved 2 closed-system incubations, each with triplicate replications of buffered ruminal fluid at initial pH of 4.5, 5.0, 5.5, 6.0, 6.5, 7.0, 7.5, and 8.0. Highest molar conversions of TRP to 3-MI were 61.5 +/- 2.7% and 64.3 +/- 0.8% at initial pH treatments of 7.5 and 7.0 (final pH 7.3 and 6.9) for the 2 incubations, respectively. Experiment 2 used duplicate continuous cultures at each of 4 pH treatments. Following a common 5-day pretreatment period, effluent pH averaged 5.6, 6.1, 6.5, and 6.9 for the respective treatments. Data for 4 subsequent 5-day time periods showed production of 3-MI was affected by pH treatment (P less than 0.01), time (P greater than 0.01), and treatment X time (P less than 0.01); conversion of TRP to 3-MI reached 78% at pH 6.9 and decreased to less than 1% at pH 5.6. Production of IND was not related to pH treatment (P greater than 0.10). Total moles of volatile fatty acid (VFA) carbon produced showed a pH treatment X time interaction (P less than 0.01) which reflected a trend toward decreasing VFA production at lower pH and increasing VFA production at higher pH. Experiment 3 consisted of 2 pH treatments with additional continuous culture fermenters.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6524718 TI - Pharmacologic and pharmacokinetic properties of methocarbamol in the horse. AB - The hemodynamic, respiratory, and behavioral effects, as well as the pharmacokinetic properties of methocarbamol, were determined in horses. Heart rate, cardiac output, arterial and venous blood pressures, respiratory rate, and arterial blood gases did not change after IV methocarbamol (4.4, 8.8, 17.6 mg/kg) administration. There were no signs of behavior modification or ataxia observed. Analysis of plasma concentration time data indicated that the disposition of methocarbamol may be dose-dependent. Clearance and steady-state volume of distribution decreased as the dose increased. Plasma concentrations of guaifenesin, a metabolite of methocarbamol, were never greater than 0.5% of the plasma concentration of methocarbamol. PMID- 6524717 TI - Aspects of bacteriology and endocrinology of cows with pyometra and retained fetal membranes. AB - In an effort to clarify the pathogenesis of pyometra, 20 cows with retained fetal membranes and 20 without, but with contemporary calving dates were studied. They were palpated and their uteri were subjected to sample collections for bacteriologic cultural examinations twice weekly for 4 weeks. Blood samples were obtained each day and evaluated for serum progesterone concentration. Three cows without and 3 with retained fetal membranes developed pyometra during the study, resulting in 3 groups designated control (CON), cows with retained fetal membranes (RFM), and cows with pyometra (PYO). Bacterial isolations occurred less frequently in the CON group than in the PYO and RFM groups. Growth patterns of bacteria also varied between groups. Coliform and incidental bacteria disappeared from the uterus of the PYO group by the end of the 3rd week. In contrast, heavy growth of Corynebacterium pyogenes and gram-negative anaerobic bacteria developed during this same period in the PYO group. In cows with pyometra, the significant persistent pathogenic bacteria recovered were C pyogenes and gram-negative anaerobic bacteria, especially Fusobacterium necrophorum and Bacteroides melaninogenicus. Anaerobic bacteria were isolated simultaneously with C pyogenes in most cows of the PYO group, but less often in CON and RFM groups, and highest growth levels were present near the time of ovulation. Clinically, pyometra usually developed about 10 days after observation of concurrent ovulation and high growth levels of C pyogenes and gram-negative anaerobic bacteria. A hypothesis is presented for development of pyometra in the cow. PMID- 6524719 TI - Pharmacokinetic disposition of theophylline in horses after intravenous administration. AB - The pharmacokinetics of theophylline were determined in 6 healthy horses after a single IV administration of 12 mg of aminophylline/kg of body weight (equivalent to 9.44 mg of theophylline/kg). Serum theophylline was measured after the IV dose at 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, and 15 hours. Serum concentration plotted against time on semilogarithmic coordinates, indicated that theophylline in 5 horses was best described by a 2-compartment open model and in 1 horse by a 1 compartment open model. The following mean pharmacokinetic values were determined; elimination half-life = 11.9 hours, distribution half-life = 0.495 hours, apparent specific volume of distribution = 0.885 +/- 0.075 L/kg, apparent specific volume of central compartment = 0.080 L/kg, and clearance = 51.7 +/- 11.2 ml/kg/hr. Three horses with reversible chronic obstructive pulmonary disease were serially given 1, 3, 6, 9, 12, and 15 mg of aminophylline/kg in single IV doses (equivalent to 0.8, 2.4, 4.7, 7.1, 9.44, and 11.8 mg of theophylline/kg, respectively). The horses were exposed to a dusty barn until they developed clinical signs of respiratory distress and were then given the aminophylline. Effects of increasing doses on different days were correlated with clinical signs, blood pH, and blood gases. The 3 horses had a decrease in the severity of clinical signs after the 9, 12, or 15 mg doses of aminophylline/kg. The horses at 0.5 hour after dosing had a significant decrease in PaCO2 (43.6 +/- 5.5 to 39.4 +/- 6.7 mm of Hg, P less than 0.001) and a significant increase in blood pH (7.38 +/- 0.017 to 7.41 +/- 0.023, P less than 0.001).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6524720 TI - Antagonism of pancuronium neuromuscular blockade in halothane-anesthetized ponies using neostigmine and edrophonium. AB - Efficacy of neostigmine (0.04 mg/kg of body weight) and edrophonium (1 mg/kg), as antagonists for pancuronium neuromuscular blockade in halothane-anesthetized ponies, was evaluated. Neostigmine and edrophonium were satisfactory antagonists, with edrophonium having a significantly (P less than 0.01) more rapid onset of action than did neostigmine. Muscarinic activity of neostigmine and edrophonium was also evaluated. Neither antagonist was administered with atropine. Gastrointestinal effects, increased salivation, and increased airway secretions were minimal with edrophonium, but were marked after neostigmine. Blood pressure increased within 1 to 2 minutes of antagonist administration. Heart rate decreased after edrophonium injection, but this occurred after blood pressure increase. Heart rate increased or did not change after neostigmine administration. PMID- 6524721 TI - Effects of an anabolic steroid on acute uremia in the dog. AB - Four groups of dogs made acutely uremic were treated with placebo, 0.5 mg/kg, 1.0 mg/kg, and 1.5 mg/kg of an anabolic steroid (3-oxo-delta 1,4 androstadiene-17 beta-ol-undecylenate). Pretreatment and posttreatment measurements of food intake, body weight, PCV, serum creatinine concentration, plasma albumin concentration, nitrogen balance, lean body mass, and limb circumference did not indicate any beneficial effect of this drug in this model of acute uremia. PMID- 6524722 TI - 1,3 Butanediol treatment of ethylene glycol toxicosis in dogs. AB - In order to assess the therapeutic value of 1,3 butanediol in ethylene glycol toxicosis, mixed-bred dogs were given an oral dose of commercial antifreeze at 6 ml/kg of body weight (0 hour) and treated (IV) 7 times at 6-hour intervals with 5.5 ml/kg of body weight 1,3 butanediol solution (20% in physiological saline solution) beginning at 8, 12, and 21 hours. Serum glycolic acid concentration was quantitated by high-pressure liquid chromatography. Three dogs that were given ethylene glycol, but no 1,3 butanediol treatment, died with elevated serum glycolic acid concentrations. Five dogs were given ethylene glycol and 1,3 butanediol treatment. Of 2 dogs treated at 8 hours, 1 survived and 1 died at 39 hours; 1 treated at 12 hours and 1 treated at 21 hours survived; 1 dog died soon (27 hours) after treatment was initiated at 21 hours. Four of the 5 dogs had dramatically decreased serum glycolic acid concentrations after 1,3 butanediol treatment, indicating its effectiveness in inhibiting alcohol dehydrogenase dependent glycolic acid formation in vivo. PMID- 6524723 TI - Electro-olfactography: a technique with potential for diagnosis of anosmia in the dog. AB - Diagnosis of olfactory dysfunction in the dog has been rare. Few techniques for this diagnosis are available. Electro-olfactography, an electrophysiologic technique for evaluating the function of the olfactory mucosa, was developed as a relatively noninvasive technique for diagnosis of functional abnormalities of the olfactory mucosa in mesatocephalic canines. The technique was validated by several experiments and normative values for the electro-olfactogram were obtained. PMID- 6524724 TI - Early clinicopathologic findings in dogs ingesting ethylene glycol. AB - Fifteen dogs were given 9.5 ml of ethylene glycol/kg of body weight, orally. Physical examination and clinical laboratory findings were evaluated at 1 and 3 hours after ingestion. Three of these dogs were also evaluated at 6, 9, 12, 24, 48, and 72 hours after ingestion. At 1 and 3 hours, the dogs were depressed, ataxic, and polydipsic with increased urine output and serum osmolality. Plasma bicarbonate and urine osmolality were decreased. The osmolal and anion gaps were increased at 1 and 3 hours, respectively. Calcium oxalate crystalluria was first observed at 6 hours. Diminished renal excretory function was not evident until 48 hours. Depression, ataxia, metabolic acidosis, polydipsia, and polyuria in the presence of serum hyperosmolality were early (1 and 3 hour) findings that indicated ethylene glycol intoxication in dogs. PMID- 6524725 TI - Pathogenesis of feline gastric chlamydial infection. AB - Studies were conducted to determine whether the gastric chlamydiae that have been observed recently in cats are of pathologic significance. Chlamydiae were isolated in mouse L cell cultures from the homogenized pooled gastric mucosa of 3 cats that had been identified, by histopathologic examination, to have gastric chlamydiosis. Ten specific-pathogen-free kittens were exposed by aerosol and oral inoculation to the harvested feline gastric chlamydiae cell-culture media. In general, the clinical signs and lesions were conjunctivitis, rhinitis, and mild gastritis. The clinical signs and lesions were most severe in 2 chlamydia infected kittens that had received methylprednisolone acetate (50 mg/kg of body weight). Chlamydiae were demonstrated in epithelial cells of conjunctival and nasal smears in 10 of 10 infected kittens from postexposure days 7 through 35. In addition, chlamydiae were isolated in L cell cultures from a variety of antemortem and postmortem specimens from infected kittens. The present study provided evidence that feline gastric chlamydiae, under appropriate conditions, were capable of inducing, in cats, clinical signs and lesions similar to those induced by the feline pneumonitis agent. PMID- 6524727 TI - Use of whole blood lymphocyte stimulation test for immunocompetency studies in bald eagles, red-tailed hawks, and great horned owls. AB - Mitogen-induced whole blood lymphocyte stimulation tests for immunocompetency studies in bald eagles (Haliaeetus leucocephalus), red-tailed hawks (Buteo jamaicensis), and great horned owls (Bubo virginianus) were developed. Combinations of incubation times, blood dilutions, concentrations of [3H]thymidine and [125I]2-deoxyuridine, antibiotics, phytohemagglutinin-P, and concanavalin A were tested for their effects on the stimulation index (SI). An antibiotic combination of gentamicin plus amphotericin B yielded low SI with lymphocytes from bald eagles, but not with lymphocytes from great horned owls or red-tailed hawks. Penicillin plus streptomycin caused no such depression of SI. Lymphocytes from all 3 species yielded maximum responses with a 48-hour prelabel and 12- to- 16 hour postlabel incubation period at 41 C and 1:20 blood dilution. Optimal mitogen concentrations for lymphocytes from bald eagles, red-tailed hawks, and great horned owls were 25 micrograms, 10 micrograms, and 10 micrograms of phytohemagglutinin-P/well, respectively, and 2.5 micrograms, 10 micrograms, and 10 micrograms of concanavalin A/well, respectively. Differences in SI were not seen between the 2 radioactive labels. The optimal concentration of the [3H]thymidine label ranged from 0.06 to 0.125 microCi/well. PMID- 6524726 TI - Hemodynamics in the guinea pig after anesthetization with ketamine/xylazine. AB - The resting hemodynamics were determined in 8 guinea pigs after they were anesthetized with ketamine/xylazine. Measurements were made of blood pressure, heart rate, cardiac output, arterial blood gases, and pH. These measurements were obtained initially at 4 to 5 hours after an injection (IM) of ketamine HCl (25 mg) and xylazine (0.15 mg) was given to anesthetize the animals for catheterization (period 1), again 5 days after the operation (period 2), and finally 4 to 5 hours after a 2nd injection of ketamine/xylazine (period 3). There were no differences in heart rates, respiratory rates, or cardiac outputs among the 3 study periods. However, arterial blood pressure was slightly, but significantly, lowered after, and presumably due to, instrumentation (62 +/- 4 mm of Hg, P less than 0.05) when compared with the 5-day postoperative period (67 +/ 7 mm of Hg) or after the readministration of anesthetics (66 +/- 7 mm of Hg). The partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the arterial blood was slightly lower (4 mm of Hg, P less than 0.05) in both acutely postanesthetic periods (period 1 and period 3) than in the same animals at postoperative day 5 (period 2). This study has demonstrated that resting hemodynamics measured shortly after this anesthesia with ketamine/xylazine are not largely different from those in chronically instrumented animals. PMID- 6524728 TI - Serum immunoreactive gastrin concentrations in the dog: basal and postprandial values measured by radioimmunoassay. AB - A commercially available radioimmunoassay designed for quantitating human gastrin was evaluated for use in quantitating dog gastrin. Because of the similarities in molecular structures of the two, the assay appears to be useful for dogs. Serum gastrin concentration in 12 fasting dogs averaged 64.8 pg/ml. After dogs were fed, the concentration increased to 117.8 pg/ml within 30 minutes and returned to base line by 90 minutes. A standard feeding procedure may be useful in evaluating dogs with gastrinoma. PMID- 6524729 TI - Kinetics of phagocytosis in the normal canine iridocorneal angle. AB - Microspheres of 3 different sizes were infused separately into the eyes of dogs with normotensive and hypertensive intraocular pressures. Latex spheres (0.5 or 1.0 micron) or 3.0 micron plastic spheres were added to Ringer's solution with 6% gelatin. Initially, this mixture was injected into the anterior chamber of dogs with intraocular pressures of 20, 50, or 75 mm of Hg. After 10, 20, 30, 60, or 90 minutes had elapsed, the dogs were euthanatized and the gelatin was hardened. Tissues were subsequently studied by light and transmission electron microscopies. Phagocytosis of the 0.5 and 1.0 micron spheres by trabecular cells was first detected within 10 minutes and within 20 minutes for the 3.0 microns spheres. Migration of cells in the corneoscleral trabecular meshwork was observed after 30 minutes. Phagocytosis was less active at hypertensive pressures and had larger sphere sizes. Microspheres in the uveal trabecular meshwork were ingested mostly by macrophages and polymorphonuclear leukocytes. PMID- 6524730 TI - Familial reflex myoclonus in Labrador Retrievers. AB - Three 6-week-old male purebred yellow Labrador Retrievers were presented with intermittent stimulus-sensitive contractions of the appendicular and axial muscles. Five littermates were normal, although the grandsire of the affected litter had sired 2 previous litters containing similarly affected pup. Although alert and responsive, the affected dogs appeared decerebrate with extensor rigidity and opisthotonus during handling. During severe episodes, respiratory distress was observed. Generalized contractions were initiated by voluntary movements, but at rest the muscles relaxed. Neurologic deficits were not detected, although efforts to elicit segmental reflexes, assess muscle tone, or assist walking resulted in generalized stiffness. Electromyograms from the semitendinous muscles (musculi semitendinosus) had increased motor unit amplitude (up to 5,000 microV) with polyphasic action potentials. There were no myotonic discharges. A reduced interference pattern was seen. A single tactile stimuli of the distal limb resulted in 3 responses, each lasting less than or equal to 10 ms at latencies of 0 to 12 ms, 20 to 30 ms, and 35 to 40 ms, characteristic for reflex myoclonus. The motor nerve conduction velocities were normal for age (32 to 35 ms). Age-matched control dogs had motor unit action potentials of 100 to 200 microV and single compound motor unit discharges to single tactile stimuli. Therapeutic trials with diazepam and clonazepam produced minimal effects on the muscle contractions. Values of urinalyses, complete blood cell counts, and serum chemistries were within normal limits. Frozen muscle section biopsy findings, including enzyme histochemical assessment of muscle fiber types, were normal.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6524731 TI - An aspirin-prednisolone combination to modify postadulticide lung disease in heartworm-infected dogs. AB - A combination of aspirin and prednisolone was used in an attempt to modify the pulmonary disease produced by thiacetarsamide treatment of heartworm-infected dogs. Results of 6 heartworm-infected dogs treated with prednisolone (1 mg/kg, daily for 4 weeks) and aspirin (10 mg/kg, daily for 4 weeks) after thiacetarsamide treatment were compared with previously published results of 3 groups of dogs (6 dogs/group). One of these 3 groups was a nontreated control group, another was treated with prednisolone, and the 3rd was treated with aspirin. All dogs, each with 9 adult heartworms transplanted, were treated with a 2-day, twice-a-day treatment of thiacetarsamide (1 mg/kg) 4 weeks after the transplant. Thoracic radiographs were taken before and at 1, 2, and 3 weeks after thiacetarsamide treatment to evaluate lung disease. Pulmonary arteriography was performed before and 3.5 weeks after thiacetarsamide treatment to evaluate pulmonary blood flow. After treatment, radiographs of the aspirin-prednisolone group were similar to radiographs of the prednisolone group, both with a marked attenuation of the parenchymal disease, as compared with the non-treated group. Addition of aspirin to prednisolone prevented the blood flow obstruction and intraluminal filling defects that were present in the groups not receiving aspirin. Sixteen of 54 transplanted heartworms survived thiacetarsamide treatment in both prednisolone-treated groups, in contrast to complete elimination of heartworms in the nontreated group. Aspirin may be considered for treatment of any heartworm-infected dog that does not have hemotypsis, but postthiacetarsamide use of prednisolone should be restricted to the dog that develops severe lung disease after the heartworms have been killed. PMID- 6524732 TI - Antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of canine Staphylococcus intermedius isolates from veterinary clinical specimens. AB - Sixty-six Staphylococcus intermedius isolates from canine clinical specimens were tested for susceptibility to various antimicrobial agents by the Bauer-Kirby disk diffusion method and a commercial microdilution system. All isolates were susceptible to cephalothin, cloxacillin, gentamicin, methicillin, and vancomycin. Resistance to ampicillin, penicillin G, and tetracycline was frequent. There was an overall 87% agreement of results from the disk diffusion and microdilution methods for 10 antimicrobial agents. There was greater than or equal to 94% agreement between the 2 methods for 7 antimicrobics; discrepancies were minor. PMID- 6524733 TI - Age-related changes in the cat testis and epididymis. AB - Forty-two pairs of testes and epididymides were obtained from clinically healthy cats and were examined histologically for age-related changes. All of the following testicular features increased with age: thickness of the testicular tunica adventitia, the amount of lipofuscin in the interstitial cell, hyperplasia of interstitial cells, vacuolation of Sertoli cell cytoplasm, degeneration of seminiferous tubules and thickness of the seminiferous tubular basement membrane. Two spermatoceles were found in the oldest cat. Age-related changes in the cat epididymis included increased thickness of the epididymal tunica adventitia, occasional intraepithelial cysts and hyperplasia of the epithelium, and one spermatocele in the head of the epididymal duct. Lymphocytic foci were common in testicular and epididymal connective tissue of cats of all ages and were reactive in the 2 oldest cats. Several changes were most frequent in 3- to 6.9-year-old cats: eosinophilic to amphophilic round cytoplasmic bodies in interstitial cells, proteinaceous tubular luminal debris, and spermatozoa in the epididymal duct. Cats less than 1 year old had significant (P less than 0.05) amounts of seminiferous tubular degeneration and a high percentage of epididymal intraepithelial cysts and hyperplasia. PMID- 6524734 TI - Surgical technique to cannulate the rete testis of the goat. AB - A surgical technique was devised to collect rete testis fluid from 14 mature goats. The tubular portion of the extratesticular rete testis was cannulated where it penetrated the tunica albuginea of the testis under the center of the head of the epididymis. The tip of the cannula was sutured in place in the extratesticular rete testis and the opposite end was passed through the scrotum and into a plastic collection bottle. The bottle was glued to pillow ticking, which was sutured to the scrotum. Continuous flow of rete testis fluid occurred for 0 to 14 days and was usually terminated by a sperm clot in the cannula. The flow rate was 0.59 +/- 0.37 ml/hr. PMID- 6524735 TI - Comparison of protection induced in lambs by Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis whole cell and cell wall vaccines. AB - Colostrum-deprived lambs were vaccinated IM with 10 mg (dry weight) of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis whole cells (WC) or cell walls (CW) and their immunity was challenged by IV injection of 3.1 X 10(4) colony-forming units of C pseudotuberculosis. Before challenge exposure, the logarithmic mean antibody titers were 2.0837 in lambs that were vaccinated with WC, 2.6858 in lambs that were vaccinated with CW, and 1.4214 in control lambs. Significant protection was demonstrated by fewer abscesses and organisms in the lungs of lambs vaccinated with WC or CW (P less than 0.05) than in control lambs. By the same criteria, more protection was provided to lambs vaccinated with CW than to lambs vaccinated with WC. PMID- 6524736 TI - Associations of sire, breed, birth weight, and sex in pigs with congenital splayleg. AB - Data on 4,411 male and 4,148 female progeny from the University of Missouri Columbia swine research herd were analyzed to evaluate the associations of sire, breed, weight at birth, and sex of the pigs with the development of congenital splayleg. Statistically significant differences in frequency of splayleg were found among sires and among breeds indicating a genetic influence. Differences in frequencies among male vs female progeny also were found to be statistically significant. The overall frequency among male progeny was 1.74 times that observed among female progeny. Comparison of birth weights of splayleg vs normal pigs showed birth weights to be statistically significantly smaller among affected pigs. PMID- 6524737 TI - Prevalence of gastrointestinal parasitism in Oklahoma swine. AB - The prevalence of swine gastrointestinal parasites was determined from all listed large swine operations (28) and a geographically representative sample (70) of the population of small hog farm operations in Oklahoma. Fecal samples (n = 975) were collected from 98 farms. From the 98 farms, parasites were recovered in pig feces as follows: Ascaris, 53.0%, strongyles, 53.1%, Trichuris, 35.7%, spirurids, 6.1%, Strongyloides, 19.4%, coccidia, 57.1%, and Balantidium, 55.1%. A higher percentage (16.5%) of hogs maintained on cement floors were positive for Ascaris than were those on either dirt lots (11.9%) or slatted floors (9.9%), but pigs on dirt lots were more often positive with a higher percentage of coccidia (21.0%) than those on either cement or slatted floors (8.5% and 6.0%, respectively). Prevalence of Trichuris was essentially the same (6.8% to 11.3%) in hogs from all 3 management practices. PMID- 6524738 TI - Equine cell-mediated immune response to Rhodococcus (Corynebacterium) equi. AB - A lymphocyte blastogenic assay was developed to serve as an in vitro correlate of cell-mediated immunity to Rhodococcus (Corynebacterium) equi (R equi) in the equine species. Lymphocytes obtained from a group of experimental ponies showed no response in cell culture to R equi heat extract or lysozyme extract antigens. Ponies were assigned to groups for experimental inoculation. Three ponies were inoculated subcutaneously with live R equi, 3 were given live R equi by intranasal and intratracheal routes, and 4 ponies were left untreated. Lymphocytes from all inoculated ponies had a mitogenic response to R equi antigens in lymphocyte blastogenic assays performed between the 7th and 40th days after inoculation. Lymphocytes from noninoculated control ponies remained unresponsive to R equi antigens. Delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions developed in all experimentally exposed ponies after intradermal administration of the R equi antigen preparations. In a 2nd phase of experimentation, blastogenesis assays were performed on lymphocytes from horses in herds with endemic R equi infections. Results indicated that many of the animals had significant (stimulation index greater than 2) cell-mediated responses to the bacterium, but there was no distinct correlation between the immune response and clinical history. These data indicated that cell-mediated immunity is involved in the interaction of the equine immune system with R equi. PMID- 6524739 TI - Equine humoral immune response to Rhodococcus (Corynebacterium) equi. AB - An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was developed to test equine serum for the presence of antibodies to Rhodococcus (Corynebacterium) equi. Experimental ponies had no detectable antibody to R equi before exposure to the bacterium. After experimental inoculation, animals in groups that received live R equi subcutaneously or intranasally/intratracheally developed high titers to R equi. Noninoculated controls remained seronegative. Serum was also collected from horses of various ages that were naturally exposed to R equi. There was a wide range of anti-R equi titers in these horses. Because experimentally infected horses seroconverted when some naturally infected foals did not seroconvert, the function of antibody in resistance to R equi infection remains unknown. PMID- 6524740 TI - Renal clearance and fractional excretion of electrolytes over a 24-hour period in horses. AB - Four consecutive 6-hour urine collections were obtained from 10 healthy adult horses given free access to a complete pelleted ration and water. Samples of blood were collected from the jugular vein at the start of the test period and then every 6 hours for 4 consecutive samples. Mean renal clearance of creatinine (CCr) varied significantly during the four, 6-hour collections, ranging from 1.474 in period II to 2.702 ml/min/kg of body weight during period III (P less than 0.05). The CCr in period III was significantly different from the 24-hour mean value of 1.877 ml/min/kg (P less than 0.05). The mean 6-hour clearances of potassium (CK), chloride (CCl), and calcium (CCa) also varied significantly during the 4 collections (P less than 0.05). The 24-hour mean CK and CCl were different from the mean during period III (P less than 0.05). There was significant correlation between mean 24-hour CCr and CK (P less than 0.01); CCr and CCl (P less than 0.05); CNa and CK (P less than 0.01); CNa and CCl (P less than 0.01); and CK and CCl (P less than 0.001). The 95% confidence interval for 6 hour mean values of fractional excretion of Na (FENa) was 0.032% to 0.522%; FEK was 23.345% to 48.074%; FECl was 0.588% to 1.861%; and FECa was -0.158% to 6.723%. Although FENa, FECl, and FECa were highly variable within and between individual horses, mean values for periods I to IV did not differ significantly over time or from 24-hour mean values. The FEK varied less throughout the 24-hour test period. Mean urine volume, urine concentrations of Cr and K, urine osmolality, urine-to-plasma osmolality, urine-to-plasma urea nitrogen, and plasma urea nitrogen varied significantly through time periods I to IV (P less than 0.05); however, means for time periods I to IV were not different from 24-hour means. PMID- 6524741 TI - Rapid screening and confirmation for drugs and metabolites in racing animals by tandem mass spectrometry. AB - A screening and confirmation procedure for drugs and metabolites in the blood serum and urine of racing animals was developed. Equine blood serum was spiked with low concentrations of several drugs of interest. Canine blood serum and urine were collected following oral doses of diethylcarbamazine, procaine, and phenylbutazone. Serum, urine, and extracts of each were analyzed, using a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer. Simultaneous screening of up to 50 drugs was possible in a single sample, in less than 2 minutes. Detection limits for most compounds were in the ng/ml to microgram/ml range, using 1-microliter samples. This procedure provided fast, sensitive screening for selected drugs and metabolites in blood serum and urine. PMID- 6524742 TI - Dosage requirement of pancuronium in halothane-anesthetized ponies: a comparison of cumulative and single-dose administration. AB - Cumulative vs single-bolus administration of pancuronium was studied in halothane anesthetized ponies. Dosage levels were determined by giving small increments (0.01 to 0.04 mg/kg of body weight) until the desired relaxation occurred (0.125 +/- 0.038 mg/kg for 90% to 99% reduction of prerelaxant twitch height), then an additional 0.037 +/- 0.024 mg/kg for obliteration of twitch response. The dosage level defined by cumulative administration was then administered as a single bolus 2 more times, once on each of 2 days. Dosage requirements for the 2 methods correlated well. The difference in duration of paralysis caused by doses of different magnitude was compared, 1 dose to produce discernible surgical relaxation (90% to 99% reduction of twitch height) and a larger dose that obliterated discernible twitch height. The larger dose produced a significantly (P less than 0.05) longer duration of paralysis until a 10% recovery of prerelaxant twitch height was attained. The recovery phase, defined as the duration from 10% to 75% recovery of prerelaxant twitch tension, was not significantly different in ponies given either dose. Seemingly, after relaxant recovery began, the larger dose did not slow recovery. Duration of maximum paralysis until 10% recovery took 41 +/- 16 minutes for the larger dose and 10 +/ 5 minutes for the smaller dose. The recovery phase (10% to 75%) took 12 +/- 3.2 minutes and 11 +/- 4 minutes for the large and smaller doses, respectively. PMID- 6524743 TI - Isolation and characterization of nutritionally variant streptococci from animal sources. AB - Ten nutritionally variant streptococci were recovered from clinical specimens submitted to the Kansas State University Veterinary Clinical Bacteriology laboratory over a 4-year period. Isolates were recognized visually on primary blood agar plates by their satellite growth around a previously overlaid Staphylococcus aureus culture. All isolates grew within 24 hours in Todd-Hewitt and heart infusion broths supplemented with 5% bovine fetal serum and 5% S aureus filtrate. They also grew anaerobically in supplemented broths within 48 hours. However, isolates did not grow aerobically or anaerobically in the absence of supplements up to a 7-day postinoculation period. As determined by the standard Kirby-Bauer technique, the isolates were highly susceptible to antimicrobial agents commonly recommended in veterinary medicine. The isolates did not react with the corresponding Lancefield group-specific antisera, as tested by the capillary precipitin test. PMID- 6524744 TI - Biochemical and serologic characterization of Klebsiella strains from bovine mastitis and the environment of the dairy cow. AB - Klebsiella strains isolated from the cow and its environment were biochemically and serologically characterized and evaluated for their susceptibility to normal bovine serum. Thirty-one different biotypes of Klebsiella were identified among 288 cattle and environmental strains. Of these, 56.2% were indole-positive, a greater percentage than expected for Klebsiella. Biotypes 1/1/1 and 5/1/1, most frequently isolated and constituting about 37% of the total isolates, would be considered K pneumoniae by standard biochemical typing procedures. Of 65 cattle and environmental strains studied serologically, 11 serotypes, 14 biotypes, and 29 bioserotypes were identified, indicating the diversity of Klebsiella strains present in the herd. When strains from mastitic milk (n = 19) and the environment (n = 22) were compared, no bioserotype distinction or grouping that related to isolation source was obvious. The predominant bioserotype from both sources was 5/1/1-K35 (21.0% and 22.7% of the strains from mastitic milk and the environment, respectively). The growth inhibition by bovine serum of strains isolated from mastitic milk, the environment, and udder skin was similar. However, strains isolated from the mouth and rectum of the cow were significantly (P less than 0.05) more inhibited by serum. PMID- 6524745 TI - Calcium in the turkey yolk sac during late development and postembryonic involution. AB - Yolk sacs (YS) were examined by gross, histochemical, and electron microscopic techniques from incubation day 12 to 10 days of age. Weights were maximal at 22 days of incubation and declined markedly thereafter; by 7 days of age, the yolk was completely absorbed. Endodermal cells of YS epithelium were highly polar with nuclei, mitochondria, and glycogen in basal areas and lipid globules and intralysosomal yolk granules near luminal surfaces. Yolk laminar spherules were first seen at day 16 of incubation. They increased progressively with incubation and disappeared rapidly after hatching. Spherules stained for calcium, glycosaminoglycans, and alkaline phosphatase in late incubation and were considered calcium storage structures. Histochemical evidence of intracellular calcium loading of yolk matrix (from 18 days of incubation until 5 days of age) suggested a specific calcium transport function of YS epithelium. PMID- 6524746 TI - Transplacental transfer and colostral concentrations of selenium in beef cattle. AB - Three groups of 20-month-old pregnant Hereford heifers received 3 regimens of selenium (Se) supplementation. Group 1 received pelleted alfalfa hay, soybean meal, which contained Se (0.313 mg/kg), and 90 mg of Se as sodium selenite/kg of salt-mineral mix ad libitum. Group 2 received the pelleted hay and soybean meal, and group 3 received only the pelleted alfalfa hay. At time of parturition, the mean whole blood Se concentrations were: group 1 = 0.250 mg of Se/kg of blood, group 2 = 0.162 mg/kg, and group 3 = 0.052 mg/kg, whereas the respective mean blood glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) values were 144, 80, and 30 mU/mg of hemoglobin. In comparison, the mean whole blood Se values for the calves were 0.242, 0.175, and 0.81 mg/kg, respectively, and their blood GSH-Px values were 154, 113, and 50 mU/mg of hemoglobin, respectively. Thus, the blood Se and GSH-Px values for each group reflected dietary intake of Se. The calf blood GSH-Px values were similar to their dams for group 1, but were 41% higher in group 2 and 67% greater in group 3. The data suggested that the fetus can sequester blood Se, accumulating values greater than the dam, and that larger amounts were concentrated in the fetus when smaller amounts were available from the dam. The colostrum contained modest to low amounts of Se proportionate to dietary intake of this element. However, milk 7 days after parturient contained inadequate amounts of Se to sustain blood Se values in calves and the milk from heifers with low normal blood Se was essentially void of Se (0.009 mg/kg). (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6524747 TI - Immunologic responses of calves to aerosolized antigen: humoral response to ovalbumin. AB - The humoral response of cattle to ovalbumin (OA), a nonenvironmental well-defined antigen, was studied. During 9 weeks of aerosolization, weekly serum and nasal secretion concentrations of immunoglobulin (Ig)G1, IgG2, IgM, IgA, and IgE were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for OA specific antibody. Data from 3 calves given aerosol OA were compared and contrasted with data from 3 calves given aerosol saline solution and 1 calf given parenteral OA. The presence of cytotropic (skin sensitizing) antibody was evaluated during weeks 6 and 9 by direct skin testing with OA. A humoral response was induced in all 3 calves given aerosol OA. Serum IgG1 and IgG2 titers reached a maximum of 64,000 and 2,000, respectively, in calves given aerosol OA compared with 521,000 and 16,000, respectively, in the calf given parenteral OA. The ELISA did not detect an OA specific IgM response. In contrast, all 3 calves given aerosol OA had serum IgA concentrations that increased to a peak by week 9. The mean IgA absorbance value for the 3 calves given aerosol OA was slightly greater than 5 times that of the calf given parenteral OA. Similarly, nasal secretions from calves given aerosolized OA had absorbance values that were 15-fold greater than that from the calf given parenteral OA. Calves given aerosol OA had antigen-specific IgE responses during weeks 6 to 8. The ELISA results were compared with results of passive cutaneous anaphylaxis tests. The presence of skin-sensitizing antibody was indicated by positive skin tests in the calves given aerosol OA and the calf given parenteral OA by week 9. PMID- 6524748 TI - Pathogenesis of Staphylococcus aureus mastitis: bacteriologic, histologic, and ultrastructural pathologic findings. AB - Three lactating cows were experimentally infected with Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29740 (Newbould 305 strain). Cows were euthanatized 2 to 216 hours after inoculation. Bacteriologic and microscopic examinations showed that S aureus attached to epithelial cells of the mammary gland in vivo. The histopathologic changes observed were progressive swelling, vacuolar degeneration of epithelial layers, and multiple foci of epithelial erosions and ulcers throughout the ductal system. The cellular response of the infected glands was demonstrated by a rapid increase in the number of somatic cells in the secretion and by accumulation of neutrophils below, within, and on the epithelium of the teat and lactiferous sinuses. The inflammatory response did not prevent infection nor subsequent pathologic changes in the inoculated glands. PMID- 6524749 TI - Antagonism of xylazine sedation in steers by doxapram and 4-aminopyridine. AB - Five groups of 6 fasted crossbred steers were injected IM with standard dosages of xylazine hydrochloride (0.3 to 0.5 mg/kg). At maximal sedation, the steers were injected IV with the antagonists' doxapram (1.0 mg/kg), doxapram + yohimbine (0.125 mg of yohimbine/kg), doxapram + 4-aminopyridine (4-AP; 0.3 mg of 4-AP/kg), or 4-AP + yohimbine. One group was given 1.0 ml of saline solution IV instead of antagonists. Doxapram, doxapram + yohimbine, doxapram + 4-AP, and 4-AP + yohimbine decreased mean standing time (time from antagonist injection until animal could stand unaided) to 17.0, 4.3, 3.3, and 4.5 minutes, respectively- significantly (P less than 0.05) down from a control value of 49.8 minutes. Mean total recovery time (time from xylazine injection until animal resumed eating) was decreased to 78 minutes by doxapram and 81.6 minutes by doxapram + 4-AP- significantly (P less than 0.05) down from the control value of 142.9 minutes. Respiratory character was improved (depth of respiration was increased) only by doxapram + 4-AP. Relapses to recumbency and marked sedation were not seen in steers given doxapram + 4-AP or the saline solution. One steer given doxapram, 2 given doxapram + yohimbine, and 1 given 4-AP + yohimbine relapsed to recumbency and sedation. Recovery was relatively smooth in steers given doxapram + 4-AP or 4 AP + yohimbine. Animals given doxapram or doxapram + yohimbine had difficult recoveries.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6524750 TI - Actinomyces hordeovulneris, a canine pathogen that produces L-phase variants spontaneously with coincident calcium deposition. AB - The spontaneous production of cell-wall-deficient filaments and protoplasts by a strain of Actinomyces hordeovulneris (UCD 81-332-9) in 10% sucrose L-form media is reported. Multiple mineral deposits were present within the variants at 48 hours. Electron microscopy revealed that these deposits were amorphous, dense, and at the inner face of the cytoplasmic membrane in wall-less protoplasts and also in filaments which had a thin wall of 10 nm. These cell-wall-deficient variants produced L-form colonies when cultured for an additional 48 hours on 10% sucrose-BYE L-form plates. The colonies were composed of only a few filaments and many vesicles which were negative with Dienes' stain. Silver substitution stains of UCD 81-332-9 cells that had been grown in L-form broth for 5 days revealed heavy calcification of all cells including protoplasts. Gram stains of L-form grown cells revealed the presence of long-beaded, infrequently branched gram positive filaments similar to those observed in clinical specimens. The formation of cell wall-deficient variants with coincident mineralization is believed to be related to the phenomenon of sulfur granule formation in vivo. PMID- 6524751 TI - Circulatory and respiratory effects of methoxyflurane in dogs: comparison of halothane. AB - Circulatory and respiratory effects of 3 alveolar concentrations (representing 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 times the minimal alveolar concentration, MAC) of methoxyflurane in O2 were compared with similar MAC multiples of halothane in O2. Eight adult mixed breed dogs that were healthy and nonmedicated were studied in cross-over fashion with both agents during conditions of controlled ventilation (CV; PaCO2 averaged 34 to 38 mm of Hg) and spontaneous ventilation (SV). When ventilation was controlled, methoxyflurane similar to halothane caused dose related cardiovascular depression. Except for a greater heart rate and lesser stroke volume with methoxyflurane, little difference was noticed between the anesthetics at equivalent doses during CV. There was less dose-related circulatory depression during SV with both agents but particularly with methoxyflurane. During SV, PaCO2 increased progressively with increases in alveolar concentrations of methoxyflurane and halothane. Methoxyflurane caused significantly greater (P less than 0.05) hypoventilation than halothane only at 2.0 MAC. Except for a greater respiratory gas flow and inspiratory-expiratory gas flow ratio and a lesser inspiratory-expiratory time ratio with methoxyflurane, there was no anesthetic- or dose-response effect on respiratory variables. PMID- 6524752 TI - Reversal of pentobarbital anesthesia with 4-aminopyridine and yohimbine in cats pretreated with acepromazine and xylazine. AB - In 2 separate experiments, groups of atropinized cats (6 cats/group) were given acepromazine (0.25 mg/kg of body weight) or xylazine (2.2 mg/kg) IM and anesthetized with pentobarbital. The mean dose of pentobarbital was decreased approximately 36% by acepromazine, and approximately 80% by xylazine, compared with published doses. Anesthetized cats were given IV saline solution (control groups) or were given the antagonists 4-aminopyridine (4-AP; 0.5 mg/kg), yohimbine (0.4 mg/kg), or 4-AP + yohimbine (0.5 mg/kg and 0.4 mg/kg, respectively). In acepromazine-treated cats, 4-AP + yohimbine was the most effective antagonist; arousal and walking occurred in an average of 10.4 minutes and 91.7 minutes, respectively. Yohimbine enhanced the antagonistic effects of 4 AP. In xylazine-treated cats, yohimbine was an effective antagonist; arousal and walking occurred in an average of 2.8 minutes and 12.8 minutes, respectively. Yohimbine did not enhance the antagonistic effects of 4-AP. Mean respiratory rates were decreased by acepromazine, but were increased by xylazine. Thus, respiratory rate depression by pentobarbital was not as marked with xylazine as it was with acepromazine. Changes in mean heart rate were not remarkable with either sedative, and cardiac irregularities were not palpated or auscultated. In healthy cats, the duration of pentobarbital anesthesia can be controlled by 4-AP + yohimbine (acepromazine-pretreated cats) or by yohimbine alone (xylazine pretreated cats). PMID- 6524753 TI - Furosemide: effects on the hemostatic mechanism of resting and exercised standardbred horses. AB - Two groups of 6 Standardbred horses each were used to study hemostatic functions at rest and after exercise with furosemide or a placebo. One group which was trained was given maximum exercise on the racetrack, and the other, a less-fit group, was given submaximum exercise on the treadmill. There was no difference in furosemide compared to placebo trial results in either group in coagulation screening tests, platelet concentration, or retention of platelets in a glass bead column. Increased fibrinogen concentration and enhanced platelet retention were associated with maximum exercise. Aggregation of platelets by adenosine diphosphate and bovine collagen was not different in furosemide and the placebo submaximal exercise trials. PMID- 6524754 TI - Relationship between fertility and blood glucose and cholesterol concentrations in Holstein cows. AB - Jugular blood samples were collected prepartum and postpartum from 97 Holstein cows and heifers. Samples were analyzed for total serum cholesterol and plasma glucose. Plasma samples taken 4, 11, 18, and 25 days postpartum were also analyzed for progesterone. Concentrations of cholesterol, glucose, and progesterone were evaluated in relation to summer- and winter-calving seasons, milk production, lactation number, days-to-conception, number of postcalving uterine infusions given, and time relative to calving. A temperature-humidity index was used as a covariate in the analysis to adjust the data for climatic effects so that seasonal effects other than temperature and humidity could be determined. Average plasma glucose was within the normal range (62 +/- 8 mg/dl). It increased before calving and then declined to a minimum value between 11 and 25 days postpartum. Glucose then increased after 25 days for the summer-calving group and remained relatively stable for the winter-calving cows. Blood glucose concentrations were inversely related to milk production. Negative correlations existed between milk production and plasma glucose at days 4, 11, 18, 25, and 39 postpartum. First-lactation heifers had higher blood glucose levels than cows in their second or later lactation. Blood glucose concentrations were not related to days-to-conception over both seasons. Average serum cholesterol was within the normal range (125 +/- 29 mg/dl). It decreased before calving and then increased for 88 days after calving. Summer-calving cows had higher serum cholesterol concentrations prepartum and winter-calving cows had higher concentrations from 39 through 88 days postpartum. Cholesterol concentrations were directly related to milk production from 25 through 88 days postpartum.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6524755 TI - Pharmacokinetics of 4-aminopyridine in cattle. AB - Concentrations of 4-aminopyridine hydrochloride in plasma of cattle were measured over an 8-hour period following a bolus IV injection (0.3 mg/kg). The drug was assayed by a gas-liquid chromatographic method using a nitrogen-phosphorus detector. Plasma 4-aminopyridine hydrochloride vs time data best fit a 2 compartment pharmacokinetic model. Distribution half-life was 12.08 minutes; elimination half-life, 128.96 minutes; volume of the central compartment, 1.48 L/kg; volume of distribution based on total area, 3.07 L/kg; volume of distribution at steady state, 2.75 L/kg; and body clearance, 16.57 ml/min/kg. PMID- 6524756 TI - Susceptibility of Bacteroides from swine abscesses to 13 antibiotics. AB - The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of 129 strains of genus Bacteroides, isolated from abscesses in pigs, for 13 different antimicrobial agents were determined by an agar-dilution method under anaerobic conditions. Clindamycin, the most active antibiotic tested, had a median MIC of 0.8 micrograms/ml. Penicillin G, talampicillin, minocycline, chloramphenicol, and cefoxitin also inhibited all isolates at lower concentrations. Some isolates of B pyogenes were susceptible to gentamicin (MIC, 0.4 micrograms/ml), erythromycin (MIC, 0.8 micrograms/ml), cephalexin (MIC, 0.8 micrograms/ml), and cefoxitin (MIC, 3.2 micrograms/ml). Erythromycin, at a concentration of 3.2 micrograms/ml, was active against 70% of B suis tested, but it was less active against the other Bacteroides species. Some strains tested were resistant to streptomycin and neomycin. PMID- 6524757 TI - Linear regression to determine the relationship between F-wave latency and limb length in control dogs. AB - Minimal latencies of F waves were determined for the ulnar and sciatic-tibial nerves in 17 dogs of various breeds, weighing between 8 to 25 kg. A linear regression model was fitted to the data (r = 0.78 and 0.87, respectively), so that latencies could be predicted despite the large variation in limb lengths among different breeds of dogs. PMID- 6524758 TI - Intra-articular tissue response to analytical grade metrizamide in dogs. AB - The effect of analytical grade metrizamide (AM) injected into the canine stifle, for purposes of arthrography, was studied in 12 adult dogs using saline solution as the control solution injected into the contralateral joints. The AM was used at a concentration of 280 mg of iodine/ml and was administered at the dose of 0.3 ml/cm thickness of the stifle joint. For each joint, arthrocentesis was done before and 7 days after injection of either the contrast medium or saline solution. Physical, biochemical, and cytologic examinations were done on the synovial fluid while the synovial membranes and femoral articular cartilages were sectioned, stained, and examined for histopathologic changes. At the 95% confidence level, significant differences in the total and differential mononuclear cell counts were not seen between the AM- and saline solution injected joints. However, some subtle changes in the synovial membranes were observed. Intra-articular injection of AM or saline solution initiated a mild inflammatory response, the AM causing slightly more response than the saline solution. PMID- 6524759 TI - Meperidine-acepromazine-pentobarbital anesthesia in cats: reversal by 4 aminopyridine and yohimbine. AB - Groups of atropinized cats (6/group) were given IM meperidine (5.5 mg/kg of body weight) plus acepromazine (0.25 mg/kg). Forty minutes later, the cats were anesthetized to disappearance of pedal reflexes with 1% pentobarbital IV. Volume of anesthetic was recorded. Five minutes later, the cats were given IV saline solution (2 ml; control group), the antagonists 4-aminopyridine (4-AP; 0.5 mg/kg), yohimbine (0.4 mg/kg), or a combination of 0.5 mg of 4-AP/kg plus 0.4 mg of yohimbine/kg. Mean arousal time (MAT), walk time (MWT), respiratory rate, and heart rate were measured. Emergence phenomena also were recorded. Meperidine plus acepromazine caused mydriasis and mild sedation without ataxia or marked protrusion of the 3rd eyelid. The cats did not resist restraint for venipuncture. The pooled mean dosage level of pentobarbital required for anesthesia was 12.3 mg/kg. Control group MAT and MWT were 66.2 minutes and 126 minutes, respectively. Marked residual sedation lasted several hours. In cats given 4-AP plus yohimbine, MAT and MWT were decreased to 4.4 minutes and 36.5 minutes, respectively. These values were not significantly shorter than those same values in cats given 4-AP or yohimbine alone (P greater than 0.05), but the combination of 4-AP plus yohimbine produced a qualitatively better reversal of anesthesia than did 4-AP or yohimbine alone. Emergence was smooth in all 4 groups; mild-to-moderate residual sedation lasted 2 to 4 hours in the principals. Relapses, drug side effects, and behavioral aberrations were not observed. Mean respiratory rates and heart rates decreased during anesthesia but these values were not excessively depressed or stimulated at any time. Cardiac irregularities were not detected by palpation or auscultation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6524760 TI - Acute toxoplasmosis in hamsters and mice: measurement of pathogenicity by fever and weight loss. AB - Infections with 4 strains of Toxoplasma gondii were studied in mice and hamsters. In mice, infections with strains RH, T-1, and T-45 were always fatal, but strain ts-4 infection was not (ie, the mice survived). In hamsters, the RH strain always gave rise to a fatal infection and the T-1 strain killed about 90% of the hamsters, but as many as 10(6) tachyzoites of the T-45 and ts-4 strains failed to cause fatal infection. The lesions of the ts-4 infection in hamsters were limited to mononuclear inflammation and a scar at the injection site. Also, only the ts-4 strain did not produce chronic infection in hamsters. To evaluate degrees of pathogenicity of the strains, percentages of mortality, survival time, and such subtle changes as fever and weight loss can be used. PMID- 6524761 TI - Immunity to toxoplasmosis in hamsters. AB - Protective immunity to Toxoplasma was studied in hamsters. Immunity developed in 2 to 3 weeks after vaccinations were performed. Vaccination with live RH, T-45, and ts-4 strains afforded the best protection against challenge exposure with the most pathogenic RH strain used. Even a killed-toxoplasma vaccine protected all hamsters against the slightly less pathogenic T-1 strain through 24 weeks, but it did not protect hamsters against challenge exposure with the RH strain. Both ts 4, a nonpersistent strain, and killed-toxoplasma vaccine provided protective immunity in hamsters that was not dependent upon premunition. Toxoplasma antibody titers in hamsters given the 2 vaccines were similar. However, there was a difference in the quality of immunity: fever and body weight loss were seen in hamsters vaccinated with the killed-toxoplasma vaccine after they were challenge exposed with T-1 strain, whereas these changes were rarely seen in hamsters given the live-toxoplasma vaccine and then challenge exposed with RH strain. Delayed type hypersensitivity to Toxoplasma antigen always appeared before protective immunity and was detected in all hamsters by 4 days after vaccination with live toxoplasma strains. Although the development of delayed-type hypersensitivity preceded protective immunity, it was not indicative that protective immunity was present or would develop. PMID- 6524762 TI - The cultural context of psychological approaches to alcoholism. Can we control the effects of alcohol? PMID- 6524763 TI - The role of psychological mechanisms in preparation for childbirth. PMID- 6524764 TI - Mental health services providers' distribution across countries in the United States. PMID- 6524765 TI - Patients of psychiatrists and psychologists in office-based practice: 1980. PMID- 6524766 TI - [Free amino acid content of human milk in Spain]. AB - The concentrations of free amino-acids have been determined in 54 samples of human milk: 18 in colostrum, 18 in transition milk and 18 in mature milk, all of them taken from women in the Eastern part of Andalucia. The amino-acids have been determined through high pressure ion-exchange chromatography and fluorimetric detection. Glutamic acid is the major free amino-acid, representing 21-52% of the total amount of these components in human milk. Its level increase significantly with advancing lactation. Taurine represents 14-19 of total free amino-acids in human milk, remaining its levels practically unchanged during the whole lactation. The fact that the major content of essential free amino-acids in present in human colostrum could suppose a contribution of these substances which are directly absorbable during a period of life when the nutritional requirements of the neonate are incremented. PMID- 6524767 TI - [Symptomatic urinary infection in infants less than 4 months old: outcome in 129 cases]. AB - A series of 129 children with urinary infection during the first 120 days of life, were followed-up for periods ranging from to 1 to 16 years (means = 4 1/12 year). They have been separated in two groups, depending on urocystographic findings: (I) with mild lesions and/or reflux (99 cases) and (II) with obstructive uropathy (30 cases). All the patients in group II and those with reflux of grade IV received surgical treatment. The remaining ones received chemoprophylaxis. During the follow-up, all grade I refluxes disappeared, and so did 86% of grade II and 58% of grade III. Pyelonephritic scars are present in 34% of those kidneys with grade III reflux, 56% of grade IV and 88% of those of the group II. Permanent alteration of renal function was found almost exclusively in patients with grade IV reflux or obstructive anomalies bearing no relation with the number of recurrences of infection during the follow-up. PMID- 6524768 TI - [Epidemiological profile of dental caries in Alcala de Henares]. AB - This epidemiological study was carried out in order to know the buccal condition of 1,217 children aged between 5 and 15, in Alcala de Henares, city whose social economic and geographical characteristics are representative of the national average. The study has been made with data obtained by means of clinical and radiological exploration. The average results which have been found were 5.34 for co rate, 6.53 for the cos, 3.07 for the CAOD y 4.90 for the CAOS. The percentage of children with caries was 88.15%, almost an average of 5.13 caries per child. PMID- 6524770 TI - [Familial translocation t(3;22) detected in a carrier child with mental retardation and other abnormalities]. AB - A case of familial translocation t(3;22) (q21;q13) detected through a boy carrier with various functional and phenotypical alterations is described. The caryotype study (G bands) showed that the mother, one maternal aunt, two maternal uncles, and the brother of the proband were likewise carriers of the same translocation. We discuss the type of segregation and the high familial incidence of the translocation. PMID- 6524769 TI - [Relation between the transcutaneous and arterial oxygen tensions in the newborn infant]. AB - Transcutaneous pressure of oxygen (Ptc O2) was measured at 43 degrees C in 48 newborns, these data were compared to simultaneously measured arterial oxygen tension. For 94 pair of measurements, there was a correlation coefficient of 83 (p less than 0.001) and a Ptc O2 index 0.918 +/- 0.210. In patients with edema, shock or defective membrane, correlation coefficient was 0,65 (p less than 0.001) and the Ptc O2 index was 0.433 +/- 0.163. Authors conclude that transcutaneous measure of oxygen at 43 degrees C is a reliable technique to monitor arterial oxygen tension in neonates. PMID- 6524771 TI - [Epidemiology of the congenital cardiopathies in Spain. The need for a permanent evaluation]. PMID- 6524772 TI - [Congenital perianal leiomyosarcoma. Presentation of a case]. PMID- 6524773 TI - [Weaver syndrome. Apropos of a case]. PMID- 6524774 TI - [Multilocular cyst of the kidney with double ureter]. PMID- 6524775 TI - [Free amino acids of various lacteal formulas used in Spain]. AB - A comparative study has been made upon free amino-acids in human milk, cow's milk and some infant formulas commercialized in Spain. The contents of free amino acids in human milk is significantly increased when compared to those of raw of UHT sterilized cow's milk and to those of infant formulas. The concentrations of alanine are significantly lower in cow's milk and in infant formulas compared to human milk. The same occurs with branched chain amino-acids, glutamic acid, serine, threonine and taurine. On the contrary, the levels of free cysteine are significantly higher in cow's milk and in infant formulas. The concentrations of free amino-acids determined in different infant formulas on sale in Spain are rather similar between each others, being the cuantitative pattern very different from that determined in human milk. PMID- 6524776 TI - [Mediterranean boutonneuse fever in children. Study of 139 cases]. AB - A prospective study of 139 children suffering mediterranean spotted fever, all of them hospitalized during the summer time of the last five years is presented. Clinical features were high fever, maculopapulous rash and black eschar ("tache noire"). Among analytical findings, leucocyte count was decreased in a 38.8% of children during the first week of illness. Weil-Felix test was positive in 47.2% for OX-2 and 52.7% for OX-19 of cases. The indirect immunofluorescence for rickettsial conorii was positive in 100% of cases in the second determination. 74.1% of patients received antimicrobial therapy and 25.9% symptomatic treatment. All children cured without complications. PMID- 6524777 TI - [Peculiarities of urinary infection in 145 infants younger than 3 months of age]. AB - Authors have analized retrospectively 145 children with urinary tract infection (UTI) within the first 120 days of life. 67% were males, 45% of patients presented an acute onset with fever and septic appearance and 55 with a chronic illness with digestive symptoms and malnutrition (95%). Breast feeding could be a protective factor against UTI. In 66% of those less than one month old, existed perinatal infectious risk factors. This fact and the presence of septic signs and positive blood cultures (71%), give rise to the possibility that the hematogenous route be the principal infectious via in this age group. The high incidence of parenchymatous participation (75%) have no relation with the presence of obstruction. At onset 29 showed no anomalies on cysto-urography, 48% vesicoureteral reflux of various degrees and 23% obstructive anomalies. The mortality rate was 1,3% due to septic shock. PMID- 6524778 TI - [Election of a venous approach. The internal jugular vein]. AB - Due to the variety of venous routes and of techniques described, it may be difficult to choose most suitable one in every case. Authors found percutaneous internal jugular vein cannulation appropriate as alternative venous route for short-term routine use, and as a preferent one for long-term use or if central venous cannulation is necessary. They present their experience with this technique in 52 children from 7 days to 13 years old (3-36 kg). They achieved 44 cannulations (84,6%), with a greater success rate at right side (90,4%) than at left side (60%). As complications there were 4 carotid artery punctures (3,9% of the punctures) and one transient sinus bradycardia (0,9% of the punctures). They conclude that this technique is the one of choice for central venous cannulation. PMID- 6524779 TI - [Gastric chemistry in the pathology of the cardiohiatal sector]. AB - Study of gastric chemistry in patients with cardiohiatal anomalies is an efficient test for distinguishing those cases that can evolution with complications and thus require surgical intervention. From a total of 720 patients affected with this pathology and observed between 1976 and 1982, a group of 164 were submitted to this study, 72 resulted with gastric acid rates higher than normal. 55% of these patients were operated. It is an easy test to realize in any service of Pediatric Surgery. PMID- 6524780 TI - [Distal trisomy 14q caused by a paternal translocation (6;14)]. AB - A female child was found to have a partial duplication of the long arm of chromosome 14 (14q24----qter). This duplication was due to paternal balanced translocation 46,XY,t(6;14) (q27;q24). Patient had craniofacial dysmorphism with microphtalmia, flat nasal bridge, lowest malformed ears, short neck, dolicocolon and mental retardation. A comparison is made between other reported cases in the literature and this observation. Most of the anomalies described in these published reports are not shared by the present patient. This can be explained by the simultaneous presence or not of a partial deletion and the size of the duplicated segment. PMID- 6524782 TI - [Multilocular renal cyst]. PMID- 6524781 TI - [Sandhoff disease]. AB - A new case of Sandhoff disease is presented (gangliosidosis GM2 type II or variant O) with enzymatic study in serum and leukocytes from the patient, as well as in serum from the newborn's, father and mother. The clinical expression, enzymatic study and evolution are discussed comparing them with Tay-Sachs disease (gangliosidosis GM2 type I o variant B). PMID- 6524783 TI - [Solitary multilocular renal cyst]. PMID- 6524784 TI - [Adrenal abscess in the neonatal period]. PMID- 6524785 TI - [Psychiatric emergencies and systems thinking]. AB - According to the "ecosystemic" model, the author proposes to substitute for the traditional view of the psychiatric emergency the concept of crisis state and process in the relational field of the identified patient. He describes the different steps of a family crisis intervention, showing how a psychiatric clinic can function as a center of crisis intervention; than he underlines how the systemic model allows to get an optimal coordination of the institutional context and to handle some "emergencies" arising in the clinic. PMID- 6524786 TI - [Computerized observation in psychiatry: reflections arising from a study in progress for 5 years]. PMID- 6524788 TI - [Cybernetic preliminaries to the recording of clinical data in psychiatry]. PMID- 6524787 TI - [Recording of clinical data: choice of methods of collection and natures of the research project]. PMID- 6524789 TI - [Problems presented by the recording of clinical data in psychiatry. Value of tables for recording by levels of mental organization]. PMID- 6524790 TI - [Preliminary results of an experiment in computerization of psychiatric records]. PMID- 6524791 TI - [Analysis of 500 clinical records in psychiatry]. PMID- 6524792 TI - [Brief self-evaluation questionnaire for depressive, asthenic and anxious dimensions]. AB - A short self-rating inventory of 24 items is presented. Factor analysis has shown that it includes three homogenous sub-scales of 8 items each, measuring respectively the depressive mood, the asthenia-fatigue and the anxiety dimensions. The inventory can be used in general practice with ambulatory patient and allows to select for specific therapeutic trials a sub-group of patients characterized by depressive and asthenic symptoms with a relatively low level of anxiety. PMID- 6524793 TI - [Comparison of the A.M.D.P. and P.S.E. on the basis of a standardized integrated interview]. PMID- 6524794 TI - [Factorial structure of the A.M.D.P.: comparison with German language studies and originality of the French adaptation]. PMID- 6524795 TI - [Apropos of the automated psychiatric documentation system (A.P.D.S.) of the Paris military hospital complex after 6 years of use]. PMID- 6524796 TI - [Factor structure of the H.S.C.L. in a sample of French anxious-depressed patients]. AB - The 58 items version of the Hopkins Symptom Check List (Derogatis et al.) was scored on 85 depressed outpatients treated by general practitioners. The data were obtained before any anti-depressant treatment. A principal component factorial analysis with Varimax rotation was used. 41 of the 58 items of the check list were assigned to seven independent factors: interpersonal sensitivity, somatisation (pain), retardation, digestive disorders, autonomic symptoms, sleep and obsessive disorders, depressive mood. Our results are compared to those published by Derogatis. PMID- 6524797 TI - [A new measure of interrater reliability in individual cases preliminary to the French-speaking A.M.D.P. videotape library]. PMID- 6524798 TI - [Ethical and legal problems posed by the computerized recording of psychiatric clinical information in France]. PMID- 6524799 TI - [Value of the dexamethasone suppression test in a sample of sectorized patients]. AB - Dexamethasone suppression test (D.S.T.) was performed on 124 heterogeneous patients. The sensitivity was 75% and the specificity was 73%. These data are discussed and suggest that the D.S.T. can be an useful aid in the diagnosis of depression. PMID- 6524801 TI - [Nosographic divergences and semeiologic convergences. A unified approach within the framework of a protocol of psychologico-clinical and biological exploration]. PMID- 6524802 TI - [Apropos of a case of necrophilia. Structural and psychopathologic approach]. PMID- 6524800 TI - [Psychotic manifestations in myasthenia gravis]. PMID- 6524803 TI - [Experience with the therapeutic outcome of psychotic patients]. PMID- 6524804 TI - [Existential events and depression. Comparative study of several types of depressed patients]. AB - The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between the occurrence of life events and depression with a special emphasis on their impact (assessed through a 0-100 point scale) on psychopathological risk. In order to assess this influence, three groups of 50 depressed patients and three groups of 50 controls filled up a 53 items life stressfull events schedule. Results show that the way in which life events were construed is more relevant than their actual number in explaining the subject vulnerability as well as in predicting high risk subjects. PMID- 6524806 TI - [Apropos of creativity among psychotic patients]. PMID- 6524805 TI - [Contribution to the study of the relation between hysterical neurosis and schizophrenic psychosis]. AB - The clinical manifestations of hysterical neurosis appear to have changed over the years. Conversion crises have become less frequent while the incidence of depressive syndromes and pseudo psychotic episodes has increased. Numerous authors have directed their attention over the past twenty years to these changes. Are the seriousness of the symptoms and the archaic nature of the mechanisms sufficient to indicate a psychosis? If so, which psychosis; the one indicated by the symptom or the one indicated by the structure? The presentation of a clinical case posing difficult problems of diagnosis has allowed us to outline our thinking on the relationship of hysteria to psychosis. The psychiatric approach and the psychoanalytic approach each shed their own light on the problem. While some agreement exists between them, there remain difficulties in the terminology used for designating those periods of the hysterical neurosis which have a psychotic aspect. PMID- 6524807 TI - [Generalized ichthyosis associated with a spastic syndrome of the lower limbs, a variant of Sjogren-Larsson syndrome? Light and electron microscopy study of ichthyosis and its evolution with oral etretinate treatment]. AB - A generalized ichthyosis with an associated spastic syndrome of the lower extremities, clinically suggestive of Sjogren-Larsson syndrome, was observed in a Tunisian boy. The fatty acid analysis of the serum phospholipids revealed significant abnormalities in the fatty acid pattern of phospholipids. However, the alterations observed were different from those reported in Sjogren-Larsson syndrome. We report light and electron microscopic changes in the ichthyotic skin of this patient, which have not been previously reported in lamellar ichthyosis and in Sjogren-Larsson syndrome. The epidermis was moderately hyperplastic and covered with a thick, compact, orthokeratotic stratum corneum. The stratum spinosum was strikingly altered in some areas. Varying numbers of keratinocytes contained big vacuoles, measuring often up to the size of the nuclei; the vacuoles, were well limited but only partially lined by a membrane, they were empty or contained small amounts of a flaky material. Attempts to stain the vacuoles with PAS, Alcian blue and Fettrot were negative. Etretinate treatment produced a marked shedding of the horny layer without significant improvement of the clinical appearance. The described microscopical alterations of the epidermis remained mostly unchanged during treatment, but, in addition, a marked oedema and vacuolisation of the upper stratum granulosum was observed. PMID- 6524808 TI - [Collagenous papules of the external ear. Micropapular hyalinosis of the external ear with transepithelial elimination. Relation to primary localized cutaneous amyloidosis]. AB - Sanchez has recently described a new entity characterized by the presence of papules bilaterally located on the aural pinnae. The four presented cases concerned women. Clinical picture of the disease is, without any doubt, unusual but "hyalin" masses are non-specific since they are similar to amyloidosis on account of thioflavine T positivity and microfilamentous aspect in electron microscopy. We reported at the Meeting of the French Dermatological Society (Toulouse, November 10, 1981) a very similar case under the name of "Hyalinose micro-papuleuse de la conque des oreilles avec elimination trans-epidermique". In the present paper we report this personal case, and we point out some original findings: pigmentary changes, trans-epidermal elimination of the hyalinized findings material and presence of an inflammatory process. PMID- 6524810 TI - [Kitamura's reticulate acropigmentation]. PMID- 6524809 TI - [Pseudocysts of the auricle. Clinical and histological studies of 3 cases]. AB - Three cases of pseudocyst of the auricle were studied. All three occurred in male, 38, 54, and 23 years old; all had a solitary nodule of the anthelix. Such pseudocyst have a characteristic localization and are not caused by trauma and have a serous, cystic content. The cystic formations develop from degeneration and liquefaction within the auricular cartilage. We believe that the name proposed by Engel "pseudocyst of the auricle" can be appropriated. PMID- 6524811 TI - [Anodontic anhydrotic ectodermal dysplasia]. PMID- 6524812 TI - [Acquired genital leucokeratosis with epidermolytic hyperkeratosis]. PMID- 6524813 TI - [Factitious crusting cheilitis]. AB - The authors report 4 cases of factitious crusting cheilitis seen in young women. The lesions are crusty, yellowish or even black, forming as a mould casting the lip. The crusts are sometimes very thick just as an oyster-shell. When removed the underlying mucosa appears either normal or erosive and the crusts reappear rapidly. Emotional factors and personality disturbances are often present. Most probably the crusts are the result of a traumatic mechanism induced by chewing or sucking the lip. In the 4 reported patients the clinical aspect and the psychological status of the patients are similar, the 4 of them being not at all bothered by their cheilitis. The factitious keratotic cheilitis has to be differentiated from other cheilitis induced by Candida albicans (although Candida albicans may superinfect any cheilitis) or by an actinic phenomenon, from glandular cheilitis (of the Puente-Acevedo or of the Volkmann type) and from dermatitis localized on the lips. In some instances an exfoliative cheilitis may also to be of factitious origin. The factitious origin of such a cheilitis is always difficult to demonstrate but its possibility should be kept in mind. PMID- 6524814 TI - [Cowden's disease: efficacy of etretinate on cutaneous and digestive manifestations]. PMID- 6524815 TI - [Gallium citrate (Ga 67) scintigraphy in sarcoidosis. 3 cases (with cutaneous manifestations)]. PMID- 6524816 TI - [Early forms of porphyria cutanea tarda. Apropos of 2 cases with a study of familial enzymatic deficiency and definition of the mode of genetic transmission]. AB - The authors report two cases of cutaneous porphyria in children aged 6 and 9 respectively. The clinical and biochemical patterns were similar to those of porphyria cutanea tarda. The manifestations were drug-induced in both cases (by sulfonamides and griseofulvin in the first patient, and by hydantoin and benzodiazepine in the second). The clinical examination and the determination of porphyrins in the relatives showed no abnormalities. However, the study of the erythrocyte uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase showed 50 p. 100 reduced activity in the father and grandfather of the first patient, and in the second case's mother. Treatment with chloroquine (3 mg/kg/week) produced the total remission of both cases with no recurrences in 4 and 2 years respectively. PMID- 6524817 TI - [Association of mycosis fungoides and Hodgkin's disease]. AB - A 69-year-old man developed a Hodgkin's disease 2 years after he started a mycosis fungoides. He presented cutaneous plaques of mycosis fungoides. The first signs of Hodgkin's disease was acquired ichthyosis and loss of weight. Echotomography of the abdomen showed retroperitoneal nodes. A laparotomy was performed and the histopathologic examination of the lymph nodes revealed a Hodgkin's disease type 2 (sclero-nodular). The liver and the bone marrow were involved. A chemotherapy was completed but the patient died 10 months later. The review of the literature showed 24 patients with Hodgkin's disease and mycosis fungoides or Sezary syndrome. Relation between mycosis fungoides, Hodgkin's disease and lymphomatoid papulosis are discussed. PMID- 6524818 TI - [Cutaneous achromia and malignant melanoma]. AB - A cutaneous depigmentation occurring either far, or the primary tumour, or about the excision scar, or appearing in different other conditions was noted 29 times among 500 cases of malignant melanoma. Before excision, a vitiliginous depigmentation was present only in two patients. Nevertheless 9 patients observed a vitiligo after surgical excision of the tumour (2.5 years after, as an average) this proportion must conjecturally increase thereafter and so represent a minimal score. Twice, an achromic halo was obvious around the primary melanoma. In seven patients there was evidence of secondary depigmentation around the excision. Seven times a localized achromia was observed on the site of BCG-application or DNCB-test. Two patients had a halo-naevus (Sutton naevus). These varying achromias accompanying malignant melanoma were largely studied in animal pathology (horse and chimpanzee). They are usually in animals a factor of good prognosis. This good prognosis was likewise related in human malignant melanoma, but our series is against the assertion of any prognosis significance. PMID- 6524819 TI - [Hodgkin's disease complicating actinoreticulosis]. AB - The authors describe the occurrence of Hodgkin's disease in a patient suffering from actinic reticuloid since 12 years. The severity of the disease (MED less than 1 mJ/cm2 UVB) imposed corticosteroids and immunosuppressive therapy (chlorambucil). The role of actinic reticuloid's pathogeny (persistent light reaction) and principally use of immunosuppressive drugs are discussed and may explain the occurrence of Hodgkin's disease. PMID- 6524820 TI - [Epidemiology of giardiasis]. AB - Prevalence analysis in the Gard; fluctuations according to seasons, age and sex. Statement a excystation method after passage in a induction solution; observations and excystation rate. Cysts resistance study in exterior middle at various temperature: at dry from -5 degrees C to 40 degrees C, in fresh water from -5 degrees C to 20 degrees C and in sea water at 10 degrees and 20 degrees C. Epidemiologic consequences. PMID- 6524821 TI - Ecology of leishmaniasis in the south of France. 20. Dispersal of Phlebotomus ariasi Tonnoir, 1921 as a factor in the spread of visceral leishmaniasis in the Cevennes. AB - The dispersal of Phlebotomus ariasi was studied in mark-release-recapture experiments in the summer of 1980 in a valley on the north-eastern slopes of the Oiselette range in the Cevennes mountains, in the commune of Roquedur, Gard, 50 km north of Montpellier, France. More than 5,000 specimens of P. ariasi were marked with fluorescent powders and released in 9 batches at 3 different places. Seven batches were engorged females and two were unengorged females and males. From 1-29 days after release, 497 marked sandflies (approximately 9%) were recaptured by active searches with UV lamps or in 58 CDC light traps set up in groups of 4 or 5 at 12 recapture stations. Females released engorged generally remained within 250 m of the release point for the first eight days while the bloodmeal was being digested after which there was a tendency to disperse to distances greater than 350 m presumably in a search for oviposition sites or another bloodmeal. The furthest distance to which a female released engorged was shown to move was 925 m; it was caught 12 days after release. Some of the females released unfed quickly moved away from release points, sometimes to distances of 1,000 m or more. One of these was caught 68.5 hrs after release at a station 2,200 m from the release point. Male sandflies tended to stay near the point of release and were not recaptured at distances greater than 600 m. There was no evidence that the movement of the sandflies was assisted by wind. Observations on the dispersal of female sandflies confirm that leishmaniasis can be more widely spread than generally assumed by the movements of the vector. PMID- 6524822 TI - [Characterization of the cercaria of Bucephalus polymorphus Baer, 1827 (Trematoda, Bucephalidae): chetotaxy and excretory system]. AB - We describe the excretory system and the chetotaxy of the cercaria of Bucephalus polymorphus Baer, 1827 which develops in Dreissena polymorpha (Lamellibranch, Dreissenidae) in South-East of France. We compare our observations with those realised in Poland and we discuss about the differences observed. PMID- 6524823 TI - [Activities of a Schistosoma mansoni focus of transmission in Martinique (French Antilles)]. AB - A focus of intestinal schistosomiasis was discovered in november 1981 in Martinique in the Saint-Pierre area. An analysis of its structure and of the mecanisms of the transmission of the parasite was carried out between 1981 and 1983. This focus presents the following particularities: a transmission site very small constituted by water cress beds; a small human population infected with a prevalence of 13% (positive stools) to 41,3% (positive serologies); a weak fecal contamination of the water; a non functioning sewage stabilization tank is responsible for this contamination; a rich population of the snail host Biomphalaria glabrata (40,5 to 256,3 Bg/m2) with a low prevalence of infestation (0,13 to 0,59%); low cercarial densities in the water cress bed waters; a very low contamination of the Roxelane river water in to which the water from the water cress beds flows. The epidemiological importance of this contamination has proved very low but not altogether absent. This focus appears as a particular case in Martinique because all the surveys which have been conducted in the island to date has not uncovered a similar example. PMID- 6524824 TI - [Characterization of Teladorsagia circumcincta and T. trifurcata. I. Epidemiological and biological aspects]. AB - The natural infections of sheep were studied in six biotopes, in order to determine periods, biotopes and type of sheep at risk. Experimental infections were realized in order to assess the fertility of both Teladorsagia. T. trifurcata was more frequent in autumn and spring, among lambs and in biotopes where the climate was not contrasted. T. trifurcata produced more eggs/female then T. circumcincta. PMID- 6524825 TI - [Relations between parasitism of the rat by Strongyloides ratti, female sex hormones and blood corticosterone]. AB - Situated under strict conditions in order to try to limit experimental aggravation and to respect the accomplishment of an endocrine balance, the experiments carried out study the influence on parasitism by Strongyloides ratti of ovariectomie and the treatments, of female rats castrated or not, by oestradiol, hexoestrol, diethylstilboestrol, progesterone, mestranol, chlormadinone association. Similarly, adrenal cortex reactions (corticosterone) to the treatment and parasitism are recorded. The analysis of the results lead to the thought that the glucocorticosteroid function of adrenal cortex could be one of the relays between gonades and the development of parasitism (intensity, removal of parasites). PMID- 6524826 TI - [The presence of Adelina riouxi Levine, 1977 (Coccidia-adeleidae) in continental France]. PMID- 6524827 TI - [Human infestation by Trichostrongylus vitrinus in Morocco]. PMID- 6524828 TI - [Euthanasia and medical power]. PMID- 6524830 TI - [Detection of deafness in infants. The Boel test and its use in the ninth month]. PMID- 6524829 TI - [Detection of deafness in children and therapeutic measures. Balance of 10 years of practice]. PMID- 6524831 TI - [Acute inflammatory orbital tumefactions in children]. PMID- 6524832 TI - [Acute recurrent laryngeal dyspnea in children]. PMID- 6524833 TI - [Congenital midline fistulas of the back of the nose. Embryologic, clinical and therapeutic study]. PMID- 6524834 TI - [Cervical cysts and fistulas of branchial origin. Embryologic, clinical and therapeutic study]. PMID- 6524835 TI - [Nutritional iron deficiency. Is there a relation, in some infants, to a sub deficiency of vitamin C?]. PMID- 6524837 TI - [Ocular and orbital sequellae in the treatment of embryonic rhabdomyosarcoma of the orbit. Apropos of 3 cases]. PMID- 6524838 TI - [Diagnostic difficulties in Ewing's sarcoma]. PMID- 6524839 TI - [Neuroblastoma of the head of the pancreas. Apropos of a case in a 2-year-old child]. PMID- 6524836 TI - [Intestinal complications of chemotherapy in pediatric oncology. Incidence, type, and development]. PMID- 6524840 TI - [Multiple duodenojejunal adenocarcinoma in a 9-year-old child]. PMID- 6524841 TI - Injectable ibuprofen: preliminary evaluation of its ability to decrease peritendinous adhesions. AB - Peritendinous adhesions continue to limit the full return of hand function following flexor tendon injury and repair. Pilot studies in rabbits demonstrated the ability of ibuprofen (Motrin) to reduce intra-abdominal adhesions. In this study, ibuprofen injected at the site of flexor tendon repair significantly reduced the restrictive effects of peritendinous adhesions in primates. PMID- 6524842 TI - The role of surgery in the treatment of transsexualism. AB - The increasing use of surgery for sex reassignment in the treatment of transsexualism is described. The author's early experience over a twenty-year period with the Gender Identity teams at The Johns Hopkins University and The University of Virginia is summarized. Many of the reasons for slow acceptance of this type of surgery by many members of the medical profession are analyzed. The satisfactory subjective results described by patients who have received sex reassignment continue to exceed the results obtained by other methods. The author concludes that further study of surgical treatment is justified, but that it should be limited to established multidisciplinary teams working in academic settings. Physicians are urged to withhold judgment on the role of surgery in gender disorders until they have had significant personal experience with these desperate and complex patients. PMID- 6524843 TI - Blood supply and innervation of the supermedial thigh flap employed in one-stage reconstruction of the scrotum and vulva--an anatomical study. AB - The supermedial thigh flap is an arterial and sensate flap. Anatomical studies reveal both large and small nutrient arteries. Its largest and most consistent artery is the superficial branch of the deep external pudendal artery, which constitutes the main circulation. The secondary blood supply to the base of the flaps is contributed by musculocutaneous perforators of the medial circumflex femoral artery. Subcutaneous branches of the superficial femoral artery, when present, are an additional source of arterial supply. Branches of the ilioinguinal nerve provide sensory innervation to the flaps. PMID- 6524844 TI - The late treatment of vertical orbital dystopia resulting from an orbital roof fracture. AB - Traumatic fracture of the orbital roof is uncommon and it may be unrecognized at the time of injury. In this article we describe a patient with progressive vertical orbital dystopia four years after he sustained a fracture of his "frontal" bone. Surgical exploration revealed an orbital roof fracture complicated by a chronic dural leak. An intracranial-extracranial approach through a modified frontal craniotomy provided excellent visualization to elevate the bony orbit and globe safely and repair the dural tear. Our study illustrates the need to correct residual soft tissue deformity at a second operation. Orbital roof fracture is a complex injury and is best treated by a multispecialty team using the methods learned from the treatment of patients with congenital orbital dystopia. PMID- 6524845 TI - Metastatic basal cell carcinoma. AB - Basal cell carcinoma rarely metastasizes. There are over 130 reported cases, 70% of which involve lymph nodes. In many cases a large, chronic, neglected or inadequately treated basal cell carcinoma preceded the metastasis. We report a case in which a basal cell carcinoma of the cheek metastasized to cervical lymph nodes. PMID- 6524846 TI - The disc dressing for local irrigation of experimental burn wounds. AB - The newly designed disc dressing permits the surface of experimental burn wounds to be irrigated with liquid therapeutic agents without the need for frequent dressing changes. This approach is simple to handle, reduces the risk of trauma or contamination of the wound, and is not time consuming. PMID- 6524847 TI - [Postradiation arteritis. Apropos of 9 cases]. PMID- 6524849 TI - [Recurrence after repair of inguinocrural hernia]. PMID- 6524848 TI - [Management of digestive lesions after ingestion of caustics]. PMID- 6524851 TI - [Tactical management of aseptic loosening of total hip prostheses]. PMID- 6524850 TI - [Deep lipoma of the limbs. Apropos of 8 cases]. PMID- 6524852 TI - [Angiomyolipoma of the central mediastinum. An apparently undescribed entity]. PMID- 6524853 TI - [Effect of dogmatil on postoperative depression]. PMID- 6524854 TI - Results of elective surgery for recurrent ulcer. AB - Ninety-two patients operated on electively for recurrent peptic ulcer during the years 1970-1979 were subjected to follow-up after two to twelve years. Two patients died in connection with the reoperation and a third patient during the follow-up time of complications to the ulcer disease (3%). Postoperative complications developed in nine patients (26%) after resection and in five patients (8%) after vagotomy. Ten of 87 patients, who had the combination of vagotomy and resection as a result of the original and present operation, developed suspected or proven recurrent ulcer (11%) while this occurred in four of seven (57%) who had not had this combination. At the follow-up 54% of the patients were classified as Visick I or II. Most of the patients classified as Visick III or IV were so, not because of recurrent ulcer but because of side effects like dumping, diarrhoea, and vomiting. PMID- 6524855 TI - Choledochoscopy versus postexploratory cholangiography in prevention of retained common duct stones. AB - A prospective comparison of flexible choledochoscopy with postexploratory T-tube cholangiography for detecting retained common duct stones was performed in a series of 197 consecutive patients undergoing cholecystectomy and choledocholithotomy. After common duct exploration and apparent removal of stones more missed stones were detected and successfully removed in the choledochoscopy group (n = 15) than in the cholangiography group (n = 7). Retained stones occurred in one of 75 patients (1.3%) after choledochoscopy, in 7 of 79 (8.9%) undergoing T-tube cholangiography only and in 5 of 43 (11.6%) with no postexploratory control. The difference was significantly (p less than 0.05) in favour of choledochoscopy. The operation time was not significantly prolonged and there was no increase in postoperative complications due to choledochoscopy. Choledochoscopy is considered to be the best means of reducing the rate of retained common duct stones and it is recommended after every choledocholithotomy. PMID- 6524856 TI - Predicting the prognosis with trauma indices in surgical patients treated in the intensive care unit. AB - Trauma indices, acute trauma, CHOP (Creatinine, Haematocrit, Osmolality, Pressure), respiratory and renal indices, based on routinely used biochemical and physiological data, are mathematical quantities which have been developed for predicting the outcome of critically ill patients. We evaluated the use of these indices in 212 surgical intensive care patients. By fitting the index value, the age and sex of the patient to a logistic model, the probability of death (PD) was obtained. Poorest values of various indices and highest PD values were observed in postoperative abdominal surgery patients both on admission and during intensive care. Lower PD values were found in multiple trauma and brain injury patients. The outcome of a patient can be predicted already by means of the admission values. These indices are feasible since they require only easily available data. Before use, their validity must be checked at the hospital concerned. PMID- 6524857 TI - Outcome and risk factors in severely traumatised patients. AB - This study presents outcome and risk factors in 228 critically ill adult trauma patients treated in the ICU. Most of the patients had multiple traumas, the most common single trauma among them being brain injury. 23% of all patients died in the ICU and 37% by the end of the first year after intensive care. The mortality rate had not increased by the end of the second year. 9% of the patients remained disabled. The one-year mortality rate was highest (58%) in brain injury patients. On admission, before any treatment was given, disturbances in seven vital functions were classified into three grades according to their severity. An increase in the sum of these severity grades correlated well with eventual mortality. Of many biochemical parameters analysed, only hyperosmolality and hypernatremia were associated with increased mortality. Two logistic models, one for the whole patient material and another for those having no or only minor brain injury, were fitted in order to find risk factors characteristic of non survivors. The following risk factors were obtained: increasing age, brain injury, deteriorating level of consciousness during intensive care, increasing serum osmolality and creatinine. These logistic models can be used prospectively to estimate the probability of death for an individual patient. PMID- 6524858 TI - The clinical significance of contrast enhanced computed tomography in acute pancreatitis. AB - 58 patients with alcohol-induced acute pancreatitis were studied by contrast enhanced computed tomography (CT). The patients were divided into groups both on the basis of the clinical course and the prognostic signs. The contrast enhancement curves were then plotted for these patients. All patients with uncomplicated pancreatitis had increased or normal contrast enhancement, whereas all those with fulminant pancreatitis had decreased contrast enhancement of the pancreas. The patients with three, or more prognostic signs had lower enhancement values than those with fewer prognostic signs, but the prognostic signs did not correlate as well with the clinical course as did the contrast enhancement. PMID- 6524859 TI - The predictive value of three diagnostic procedures in the evaluation of palpable breast tumours. AB - In a prospective study of 200 palpable breast tumours of 200 women, the diagnostic specificity and sensitivity of clinical examination, mammography, and fine needle aspiration were compared, alone and in combinations. All tumours were excised and examined histologically, and 38 were malignant. The diagnostic sensitivity of clinical examination was high, 98% (91-99), whereas the specificity was rather low, 48% (36-60). No statistically significant differences were found between the sensitivities or the specificities of the three examinations. When the methods were combined the sensitivity was 100% (96-100) and the specificity was 37% (27-46). Statistically, no improvement of the diagnostic value could be shown. It is concluded that the possibility of distinguishing between malignant and benign palpable breast tumours is not increased by adding mammography and/or fine needle aspiration, but the discovery of two non-palpable malignant tumours by mammography underscores the importance of this method in disclosing subclinical malignant lesions. The study disclosed a statistical possibility of overlooking a few malignant tumours when using these three procedures. Therefore, we advise that all palpable breast tumours should be excised. PMID- 6524860 TI - Postoperative acute appendicitis. AB - Six patients who developed acute appendicitis after surgical operations (cholecystectomy, choledocholithotomy, sigmoid resection, osteosynthesis of a hip fracture, abdomino-perineal resection) are described. The symptoms, signs and the results of investigations leading to relaparotomy are summarized. Possible causes of acute appendicitis after operation or trauma (luminal obstruction, bacterial infection, ischaemic changes and thrombosis) are discussed. As prevention is not possible, successful management of postoperative acute appendicitis includes an awareness of the complication and prompt surgical intervention. PMID- 6524861 TI - The value of C-reactive protein (CRP) determinations in patients with suspected acute appendicitis. AB - The clinical usefulness of the preoperative determination of C-Reactive protein (CRP) in patients with suspected acute appendicitis was studied in 156 consecutive patients undergoing acute appendicectomy. The CRP values were found to increase with an advancing stage of the appendiceal inflammation found at operation and the length of the preoperative phase of illness. Eight out of 66 patients with a phlegmonous appendix found at operation showed no signs of bacterial infection, as revealed by an increased C-Reactive protein level. These results suggest that a preoperative quantitative determination of the C-Reactive protein in patients with suspected acute appendicitis might add a valuable parameter to the laboratory profile in this condition and can be used for the selection of those patients who would benefit from a preoperatively administered antibiotic prophylaxis. Furthermore, these results might support the theory that an obstruction of the appendix lumen is the most important factor in the genesis of acute appendicitis. PMID- 6524862 TI - Quantitative hippurate renography. AB - Effective renal plasma flow (ERPF) was determined by registration of 131I hippurate radioactivity over the heart and calculation of the disappearance constants after fitting a three-exponential function to the measured time activity curve. Right and left kidney ERPF was calculated both by a method of tangents and a new method of summed pulses from the time interval 1-2 min after injection of the tracer. The summed pulses method is less prone to errors and is therefore recommended for use in clinical practice. Age-dependent reference values for ERPF are reported. PMID- 6524863 TI - Mesenteric vein thrombosis associated with oral contraceptive administration during pregnancy. AB - A case is reported of mesenteric venous occlusion in a young woman who by mistake received oral contraceptives during pregnancy. A resection of the damaged small bowel was performed followed by an end to end enteroenterostomy. It is suggested that the hypercoagulable state normally found in pregnancy was aggravated by the hormonal intake and lead to the mesenteric vein thrombosis. PMID- 6524865 TI - Menstrual patterns in adolescent Swiss girls: a longitudinal study. AB - Menstrual patterns were studied longitudinally in 140 adolescent Swiss girls. The mean cycle length was 32.2 (S.D. 11.24) d in the first year after menarche, and 29.9 (S.D. 7.12) d in the sixth year after menarche. The values of the mean cycle length became essentially constant from the sixth post-menarcheal year, the chronological age of 20 y and the 36th post-menarcheal cycle. No association was found between cycle length and age at menarche. The menarcheal age of mothers and that of their daughters were significantly correlated with each other (r = 0.29, P less than 0.001). The most frequent cycles of 21-27 and 28-34 days constituted 64-81% of all cycles depending on post-menarcheal age. Short cycles (14-20 d), representing 2-6% of all cycles, were present in 14-31% of the girls; long cycles (35-41 d), constituting 10-16% of all cycles, occurred in 46-68% of the girls. The frequency of the long cycles tended to decrease at higher post-menarcheal ages. There were minimal changes in the duration of menstrual flow throughout the first six years after menarche. The mean duration was 5.4 (S.D. 1.72) d for the first year, and 5.1 (S.D. 1.33) d for the sixth year. The most frequent flow duration was 3-7 d, present in 88-94% of cycles. Prolonged bleeding tended to decrease with rising post-menarcheal and chronological age. The intensity of menstrual flow was mild in 11-16%, moderate in 62-78% and severe in 11-25% of the girls. The frequency of these three categories remained essentially unchanged during the first five post-menarcheal years. PMID- 6524864 TI - Anaesthesia for patients with multiple sclerosis. AB - The types of anaesthesia administered to 56 multiple sclerosis patients undergoing surgery in the different departments of the Helsinki University Central Hospital (HUCH) during a ten year period from 1973 to 1982 were studied. The perioperative and postoperative events were analyzed in relation to the method of anaesthesia. Infiltration methods (24 patients), mainly for thalamotomy, were well tolerated. General anaesthesia (28 patients), with or without the use of succinylcholine, seemed not to cause any circulatory or respiratory troubles to the MS-patients. In four patients who were given regional anaesthesia (2 spinal, 3 epidural) marked by hypotension, quite resistant to intravenous vasopressor treatment was observed. No deterioration of the multiple sclerosis was noted postoperatively which could be related to the anaesthesia. PMID- 6524866 TI - Estimation of relative electrophoretic mutation rates from rare alleles in a sample. AB - The theoretical justifications for using the number of rare alleles observed in a sample and the heterozygosity contributed by such alleles to estimate the relative electrophoretic mutation rate (REMR) are given in this note. It is shown that the estimator using the number of alleles has comparatively less bias. While the total heterozygosity contributed by all alleles at a locus has been previously used to estimate REMR with success, an analogous estimator with only rare alleles has large bias over a wide range of effective population size and sample size. PMID- 6524867 TI - Anthropometric asymmetry in normal and mentally retarded males. AB - Anthropometric asymmetry was considered in a sample of 202 normal and about 200 mentally retarded males. In addition to height, 11 bilateral measurements of bone, soft tissue and strength were taken. Differences between bilateral measurements were analysed in terms of absolute and signed differences, and in terms of the differences corrected for height. Mentally retarded individuals show greater anthropometric asymmetry than normal individuals in both absolute measurements and those corrected for height. The distributions of the differences, both absolute and signed, are also broader in the retarded, and variances of the left-right differences are greater than variances associated with measurement. Left-right differences between the normal and retarded males occur primarily in the upper extremity; in contrast, side differences in the lower extremity are not great. Within the mentally retarded sample, there are no significant left-right differences among different I.Q. groups. However, there are significant differences among aetiological categories, and those with neurological impairment are more structurally asymmetrical. PMID- 6524868 TI - Segregation analysis of a-b ridge count in human palms. AB - Frequency distribution and segregation analyses have been performed on a-b ridge counts from 422 families. The results support the hypothesis of two commingled distributions of the trait, high-value distributions being 5.4% in females and 2.4% in males of the whole population. Segregation analyses point out evidence for simultaneously a multi-factorial inheritance (h = 0.72) and a major effect (P = 0.01). However, by testing different hypotheses on transmission laws for the major effect, we cannot decide between Mendelian transmission and no transmission. Hypothesis of an accident occurring in the developmental process of the a-b count has to be investigated further. PMID- 6524869 TI - A two-year longitudinal study of dietary intake in relation to the growth of 405 English children initially aged 11-12 years. AB - This report is of a two-year longitudinal study of dietary intake and growth in height and weight of 405 children, initially aged 11-12 years. Between 1979 and 1981 they each recorded their food intake on five occasions for three consecutive days using a diet diary with a 20 min private interview on the fourth day. Computerized food tables were used. Social class was recorded. The usual differences in height, weight and growth increments between the social classes were found. There were no significant differences in nutrient intake between social classes. Within a social class there were few statistically significant correlations between energy or protein intake and height or weight increments. It was concluded that a very high reliability of food intake measurements would be required in order to relate diet to growth and many other factors (e.g. energy expenditure, body composition and puberty) may also mask any such relationship. Social class alone would seem an inadequate means of allowing for such factors. PMID- 6524870 TI - Age determination of early human embryos and fetuses. AB - Since the number of legal abortions has increased, it has become possible to get human embryonic and fetal material for developmental and teratological studies. Unfortunately this material, due to gynaecological techniques, is usually not intact and thus the estimation of fetal age from crown-rump length is impossible. Usually, however, one or both feet are available; thus, in this paper, foot lengths of 201 embryos and fetuses are correlated with menstrual ages. The mean foot lengths are from 2.9 to 18.5 mm and the age range from 7 to 16 weeks, respectively. Comparison with Streeter's measurements (1920) is also made. PMID- 6524871 TI - Skeletal maturity of Japanese children in Amami-Oshima Island. AB - This report describes the TW-2 skeletal maturity status of 723 Japanese children aged 7-16 years old in Naze, Amami-Oshima Island (southern island in Japan). Naze children showed retarded skeletal maturity scores under the age of 12 years for boys and eight years for girls, and thereafter they were advanced in relation to the British standard. In the comparison with Western Kyushu children Naze boys showed almost similar RUS maturity score throughout the age range studied; Naze girls had a similar RUS maturity pattern during the pre-adolescent period, but thereafter they showed advanced pattern. Marked advanced carpal maturation was observed in girls compared with that of Western Kyushu children. No socio economic factor accounted for the advanced skeletal maturity status of Amami children in comparison with that of Western Kyushu children. PMID- 6524872 TI - Adrenoleukodystrophy: survey of 303 cases: biochemistry, diagnosis, and therapy. AB - Adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD) is a genetically determined disorder associated with progressive central demyelination and adrenal cortical insufficiency. All affected persons show increased levels of saturated unbranched very-long-chain fatty acids, particularly hexacosanoate (C26:0), because of impaired capacity to degrade these acids. This degradation normally takes place in a subcellular organelle called the peroxisome, and ALD, together with Zellweger's cerebrohepatorenal syndrome, is now considered to belong to the newly formed category of peroxisomal disorders. Biochemical assays permit prenatal diagnosis, as well as identification of most heterozygotes. We have identified 303 patients with ALD in 217 kindreds. These patients show a wide phenotypic variation. Sixty percent of patients had childhood ALD and 17% adrenomyeloneuropathy, both of which are X-linked, with the gene mapped to Xq28. Neonatal ALD, a distinct entity with autosomal recessive inheritance and points of resemblance to Zellweger's syndrome, accounted for 7% of the cases. Although excess C26:0 in the brain of patients with ALD is partially of dietary origin, dietary C26:0 restriction did not produce clear benefit. Bone marrow transplant lowered the plasma C26:0 level but failed to arrest neurological progression. PMID- 6524873 TI - Familial occurrence of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, parkinsonism, and dementia. AB - We report here on a 59-year-old man from southwest Germany who died after a 14 year course of an illness characterized by progressive dementia, parkinsonism, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Postmortem examination revealed Alzheimer's neurofibrillary tangles in the substantia nigra, innominata, locus ceruleus, parahippocampal gyrus, and less frequently in the hippocampus and the cerebral cortex. Investigation of the patient's pedigree back to the 17th century revealed nine additional family members who had exhibited signs of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis or parkinsonism-dementia or both. The pedigree suggests that a recessive trait with genetic epistasis is responsible for the disorder. PMID- 6524874 TI - Neonatal Citrobacter meningitis: pathogenesis of cerebral abscess formation. AB - In 2 premature infants with brief survival, the major pathological feature of Citrobacter meningitis consisted of vasculitis and infarction with necrosis and liquefaction of large portions of the white matter of the hemispheres. Areas of decreased density demonstrated on computed tomographic head scan represented infarction with necrosis, liquefaction, and cavitation and not a classic abscess. This finding has clinical significance, because surgical drainage of liquefied infarcts is rarely indicated and could further damage the relatively preserved cortex. PMID- 6524875 TI - The induction and reversibility of cerebral acidosis in thiamine deficiency. AB - Regional cerebral pH was determined autoradiographically using carbon 14-labeled dimethyloxazolidinedione in normal rats, following various durations of thiamine deficiency and replenishment with thiamine when the clinical sequelae of the deficiency appeared. In our model the clinical sequelae of thiamine deficiency (opisthotonus) appeared on the average on day 18. Regional cerebral pH on day 12 was comparable to that in controls and ranged between 7.02 +/- 0.03 and 7.09 +/- 0.03 (mean +/- SEM) in gray matter structures. On day 14 the pH in the inferior colliculus was 6.85 +/- 0.08 and relative acidosis also appeared in thalamic structures. At opisthotonus the pH was 6.48 +/- 0.17 in the mamillary body, 6.43 +/- 0.14 in the vestibular nucleus, and 6.36 +/- 0.14 in the medial dorsal nucleus of the thalamus (p less than 0.01). One dose of thiamine replenishment at this stage transiently raised the pH in the inferior colliculus to 7.25 +/- 0.19 and in the medial dorsal nucleus to 7.20 +/- 0.13 (p less than 0.01). Cerebral regions showing significant acidosis during thiamine deficiency coincided largely with those known to be histologically vulnerable and those previously reported to show a focal rise in local cerebral glucose utilization between days 11 and 14 of thiamine deficiency. This focal acidosis shown to occur in thiamine deficiency may be one mechanism contributing to the selective histological vulnerability in this model. PMID- 6524876 TI - Muscle fiber degeneration and necrosis in muscular dystrophy and other muscle diseases: cytochemical and immunocytochemical data. AB - Serial consecutive frozen sections from 164 muscle biopsy specimens were studied cytochemically. We localized calcium and albumin as endogenous markers of extracellular fluid penetration and C3 and C9 complement components as markers of muscle fiber necrosis. In both Duchenne dystrophy and congenital muscular dystrophy, a significant percentage of fibers were overloaded with calcium and penetrated by albumin. Most of these fibers appeared opaque with trichrome stain. C3 and C9 complement components appeared only in necrotic fibers, which invariably were also penetrated by albumin. These observations support previous findings that muscle fiber necrosis is linked to massive inflow of extracellular fluid and complement activation. In addition, in both Duchenne and congenital dystrophies, numerous nonnecrotic fibers are penetrated by calcium-rich extracellular fluid. PMID- 6524877 TI - Naloxone does not benefit levodopa-induced hallucinations in Parkinson's disease. PMID- 6524878 TI - [Growth rate of antibiotic-producing gram-negative bacteria on liquid nutrient media]. AB - Glycerol-yeast medium No. 3 may be used as a seed medium in screening of antibiotic-producing strains among Acetobacter, Gluconobacter, Chromobacterium, Agrobacterium, and other genera. The medium is transparent. It provides visual instrumental control of the growth rate of the seed material and estimation of biomass augmentation. The period of the exponential phase growth of the strains tested on medium No. 3 was 2-8 hours. When no growth on medium No. 3 is observed media Nos. 1 and 2 can be used as alternative seed media. PMID- 6524879 TI - [Stability of antibiotics in disks as one of the indicators of their quality]. AB - In connection with the new requirements to the content of antibiotics in discs and a new procedure for the disc labeling stability of antibiotics in discs was studied with the methods of storage under natural conditions and under conditions of accelerated ageing. It was shown that the method of accelerated ageing was not applicable to testing antibiotic stability in discs, since with the use of this method a significant decrease in the antibiotic activity was observed which did not correspond to the real decrease in activity determined with the method of storage under natural conditions. The expiry date of the discs with benzylpenicillin or semisynthetic penicillins was determined to be equal to 1.5 years when stored at 10 degrees C. The expiry date of the discs with thermostable antibiotics was determined to be equal to 3 years when stored at 10 degrees C. Though certain inactivation of the antibiotics was observed, their content in the discs remained within the required limits, i.e. 75-135 per cent of the activity indicated on the label. PMID- 6524881 TI - [Interaction of rifampicin with hepatocyte organoids in rats and its intracellular distribution]. AB - Interaction of rifampicin with isolated subcellular fractions of the rat liver (binding and dissociation of the complexes) and intracellular distribution of the antibiotic were studied in the presence of the main organoids taken in the ratio close to the natural volume ratio of the hepatocyte cell components. The nuclei and mitochondria were most active during drug binding. The microsomes were less important. Rifampicin formed mobile complexes with organoids and was easily released from the subcellular fractions recovering its activity on washing. The intracellular distribution was the following: 37.7 per cent of rifampicin in the active form was accumulated in cytosol and the remaining amount was reversibly bound in the fractions of the nuclei, mitochondria and microsomes. The characteristic features of the cell pharmacokinetics of rifampicin, i.e. significant concentration in cytosol, possible deposition in the subcellular structures and at the same time the capacity for recovery of the activity might define the antimicrobial potential of this antibiotic in respect to the intracellular microorganisms. PMID- 6524880 TI - [Pharmacodynamics of cephaloridine and cephalothin combined with sulfalene in rabbits]. AB - The combined use of cephaloridin and cephalothin with sulfalen resulted in decreased binding of the cephalosporins by serum proteins and decreased rate of drug elimination in rabbits. It might be suggested that these two processes were interrelated. The decreased binding of the antibiotics by proteins in rabbits promoted an increase in the volume distribution of the drugs at the expense of a rise in the level of their penetration from the blood into the peripheral tissues. PMID- 6524882 TI - [Effect of various antibiotics on the circulation of proteins between the blood and lymph in macro-organisms]. AB - The effect of tetracycline, amphotericin B and kefzol on distribution of some proteins between the blood and lymph of the thoracic duct was studied on rabbits. Tetracycline was injected intramuscularly in the form of hydrochloride dissolved in 2% novocain in a dose of 25 mg/kg once or daily for 7 and 20 days. Kefzol (sodium cephazolin) was injected intramuscularly in a single dose of 100 mg/kg. Amphotericin B was injected intravenously in a dose of 1000 Units/kg once or for 5 days. The lymph samples were collected from the thoracic duct of rabbits treated with single doses of the antibiotics 1 and 24 hours after their injection. When the animals were treated with the antibiotics repeatedly the lymph samples were collected 24 hours after the last injection. The level of the total protein and the ratio of the protein fractions, i. e. albumins, alpha 1-, alpha 2-, beta- and gamma-globulins in the lymph and blood serum were determined. On the basis of these findings the protein coefficient (albumin/globulin) of the lymph and blood, the coefficients of the protein permeability of the blood vessels (R) and the constants of selective permeability of the blood capillaries (S) were calculated. It was shown that the shifts in the protein circulation between the blood and lymph had mainly the same trends independent of the antibiotics used and their retention time in the host. A significant decrease in the permeability of the blood vessel walls in respect to the total protein and gamma-globulins and a marked increase in their selectivity in passing of the protein molecules of different size were observed in all cases. PMID- 6524883 TI - [Antitoxic effect of leukocytic interferon in in vivo experiments]. AB - Leukocyte interferon of various species origin (human, swine, mice) protected mice from the lethal dose of staphylococcal toxin. Endogenic mouse interferon and exogenic serum mouse interferon had no such effect. The suspension of waste leukocytes had also a protective activity. The results of the study evidence the presence of antitoxic factor in the leukocytes. PMID- 6524884 TI - [Effect of prodigiozan and lysozyme on the surface structures of macrophages after immunosuppression]. AB - The state of macrophage surface structures is closely connected with the function 1 capacity of these cells. Peritoneal macrophages from mice subjected to strong 10-day immunosuppression with azathioprine (60 mg/kg), prednisolone (50 mg/kg) or their combination (25 and 30 mg/kg, respectively) were investigated with scanning electron microscopy. Azathioprine and especially its combination with prednisolone induced pronounced degenerative affections in the macrophages and lymphocytes, smoothing of their surfaces, predominance of large spread macrophages, and impairment of the intracellular cooperation. The macrophage alteration under the action of prednisolone was less pronounced. Prodigiozan, a bacterial polysaccharide (0.5 mg/kg) administered on the 4th and 9th days of the immunosuppression increased the macrophage resistance mainly to the damaging effect of prednisolone and was low effective after administration of azathioprine. The effect of lysozyme injected intramuscularly in a dose of 0.5 mg/kg daily within a period of the 3rd to the 10th days of the use of the immunosuppressants was evident from activation of the surface structures of the small macrophages and lymphocytes and reduction of cell alterations independent of the type of the immunosuppressants used. This indicates the necessity of a differential approach to the use of the macrophage activators for correcting the decreased infection resistance after medicamentous immunosuppression. PMID- 6524885 TI - [Combined use of prodigiozan and methyluracil with immunosuppressive drugs in adjuvant arthritis in rats]. AB - The effect of the combined use of prodigiozan (0.5 mg/kg bw) prodigiozan with immunosuppressants on the development of adjuvant arthritis was studied on rats. The drugs were given during the prearthritis period from the 1st to the 16th day after injection of complete Freund's adjuvant. It was shown that the combined use of prodigiozan and cyclophosphamide (5 mg/kg) induced significant inhibition of the arthritis development and extraarticular signs of the disease. The efficacy of the combination was higher than that of cyclophosphamide alone. Azathioprine (4 mg/kg/bw) produced no immunosuppressant effect and did not influence the inhibitory effect of prodigiozan on the development of the adjuvant disease. Prednisolone (1.6 mg/kg) either did not inhibit the arthritis development. However, it eliminated the prodigiozan effect. Methyluracil did not change the effect of the immunosuppressants on the articular syndrome. Still, it increased the number of nodular affections in the animals treated with cyclophosphamide and prednisolone. The data obtained show the possibility of prodigiozan combination with certain immunosuppressants in autoimmune affections and confirm the suggestion that the inhibitory effect of this drug is mediated through macrophages. PMID- 6524886 TI - [Modulation of phagocytic activity with prodigiozan and obsidan]. AB - Neutrophils and peritoneal macrophages of mice treated with prodigiozan and propranolol were studied for their capacity to reduce nitroblue tetrazolium and absorption and inactivation of the cells of staphylococci and dermatophytes. It was shown that prodigiozan stimulated bactericidal activity of phagocytes, amplified macrophage fungicidity, and decreased neutrophil fungicidity in respect to the dermatophytes. Propranolol increased the prodigiozan capacity for stimulation of the oxygen-dependent metabolism of phagocytes and absorption and inactivation of staphylococci. However, it inhibited inactivation of dermatophytes by phagocytes. PMID- 6524887 TI - [Antitoxic properties of pantothenic acid derivatives, precursors of coenzyme A biosynthesis, with regard to kanamycin]. AB - The effect of calcium pantothenate (CPN)B 4'-phospho-CPN (PCP), pantetheine (PT) and calcium S-sulfopantetheine (SPN) on acute toxicity of kanamycin sulfate was studied on albino mice. The above derivatives of pantothenic acid except PT lowered the antibiotic toxicity. The coefficient of the antitoxic effect (LD50/ED50) of SPN and PCP was 1.3-1.4 times higher than that of CPN. The combined use of kanamycin (1/5 of the LD50) with CPN, PCP or PT (30 mg/kg bw was equivalent to CPN) for 15 days prevented the increase in the total content of CoA and in the content of the fraction of free CoA and the precursors of its biosynthesis participating in the reaction of N-acetylation in the liver and brain. The contents of these substances were within the normal during the whole experiment. A certain increase in the activity of pantothenate kinase in the liver cytosol due to the use of kanamycin was eliminated by the simultaneous use of PCP and PT. The vitamin-containing compounds PCP and SPN were recommended for the clinical trials as agents preventing complications of kanamycin therapy. PMID- 6524888 TI - [Seasonal characteristics of the effectiveness of vitamin E and sodium selenate in tetracycline-induced liver damage]. AB - The seasonal characteristics of the efficacy of vitamin E and sodium selenite in tetracycline affections of the liver were studied on 128 noninbred male albino rats. It was shown that in comparison to vitamin E sodium selenite more actively retarded activation of lipid peroxidation in the liver and activation of alanine aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase in the blood serum in autumn and winter. A more pronounced inhibition of the increased levels of the dienic conjugates and alanine aminotransferase was observed in spring and summer and malonic dialdehyde and aspartate aminotransferase in summer by tocopherol acetate as compared to sodium selenite. The level of the thiol-disulfide equilibrium on the separate use of the drugs in spring and summer was higher than the control one. However, it did not reach the control level in autumn and winter. The combined use of sodium selenite and vitamin E prevented the toxic effect of tetracycline on the liver in autumn, spring and summer. Still, in the winter no such prevention was observed. The mechanisms of the seasonal differences in the tetracycline effect on the liver and the efficacy of the antioxidants in such affections are discussed. PMID- 6524889 TI - [Antitumor activity of doxorubicin in the treatment of hemocytoblastosis La and various ascites tumors in mice]. AB - Antitumor activity of doxorubicin made in the USSR was studied on mice in respect to three transplantable tumors (lymphadenosis NK/LI, sarcoma 37 and Ehrlich's carcinoma) and hemocytoblastosis La. Doxorubicin injected intravenously 4 times was shown to be highly active against the above ascites tumors. The highest inhibitory effect of doxorubicin was observed in respect to the development of Ehrlich's carcinoma. By the selectivity of the therapeutic effect on this tumor it was superior to rubomycin and carminomycin. A high antileukemic activity of doxorubicin in respect to hemocytoblastosis La was shown. In experiments with this leukemia, intravenous injection of doxorubicin provided a higher efficacy than intraperitoneal injection. When used intravenously in the doses equivalent by their toxicity doxorubicin was inferior to rubomycin in terms of the therapeutic effect on leukemia La. However, on intraperitoneal injection of the drugs rubomycin showed no such advantage. Doxorubicin made in the USSR did not differ by its antitumor activity from the analogous foreign drug. PMID- 6524890 TI - [Structure of the antibiotic virenomycin]. AB - To identify the structure of virenomycin, a new antitumor antibiotic consisting of components V and M, its acetyl and permethyl derivatives, as well as products of acid methanolysis and their derivatives were obtained. The IR-, NMR- and mass spectra of the above compounds are presented. Based on an analysis of the spectral data the structure of virenomycin is suggested. PMID- 6524891 TI - [Elimination of admixtures from antibiotic sediments during their treatment with solvents]. AB - A model for determination of the admixture concentration in the secondary mother solution was developed. The concentration was determined depending on the solvent volume used for repulping the precipitate and on the impurity level of the initial antibiotic paste. When the values of X1 and X2 are known it is possible to estimate the amount of the admixtures remaining in the paste layer after separation of the secondary mother solution with regard to the volume of the latter in the precipitate pores. Optimization of paste repulping should be considered in combination with displacement washing and the apparatus used for separation of the phases, as well as the requirements for the purity level of the finished product. PMID- 6524892 TI - [Composition of cell walls of 2 mutant strains of Streptomyces chrysomallus]. AB - The cell walls and peptidoglycans of two mutant strains, Streptomyces chrysomallus var. carotenoides and Streptomyces chrysomallus var. macrotetrolidi, were studied. The strains are organisms producing carotenes and antibiotics of the macrotetrolide group. By the qualitative composition of the peptidoglycans the mutants belong to Streptomyces and are similar. Their glycan portion consists of equimolar quantities of N-acetyl glucosamine and muramic acid. The peptide subunit is presented by glutamic acid, L, L-diaminopimelic acid, glycine and alanine. The molar ratio of alanine is 1.2-1.3. The mutant strains differ in the content of carbohydrates, total phosphorus and phosphorus belonging to teichoic acids. Teichoic acids of the cell walls of the both strains are of the ribitolhosphate nature. The cell walls of the mutants contain polysaccharides differing from teichoic acids and consisting of glucose, galactose, arabinose and fucose. The influence of the cell wall composition of the mutant strains on their morphology and metabolism and comparison of the data relative to the mutant strains with those relative to the starting strain are discussed. PMID- 6524893 TI - [Metabolism and function of phagocytes after combined administration of immunosuppressants and biologically active substances]. AB - Metabolism and function of mouse phagocytes were studied experimentally under conditions of immunosuppression with biologically active substances. It was shown by the cytochemical methods with the use of cytophotometry that strong immunosuppression with azathioprin, prednisolone, especially with their combination induced inhibition of the enzymatic systems responsible for synthetic and energy processes in macrophages. Prodigiosan, a bacterial lipopolysaccharide, and lysozyme promoted elimination of the unfavourable effect of the immunosuppressors on macrophage metabolism, normalizing the decreased activity of certain enzymes and markedly activating the enzymes involved in detoxification and phagocytosis. The lysozyme effect did not depend on the type of drug immunosuppression. The efficiency of prodigiosan was the highest after administration of prednisolone or its combination with azathioprin. Its effect was lower after immunosuppression with azathioprin alone. During allotransplantation, prodigiosan also promoted the recovery of the leukocyte adsorption and digestive capacity impaired by prednisolone and tis combination with azathioprin. The differential use of the biologically active substances is a promising trend in control of complications due to immunosuppression therapy. PMID- 6524895 TI - [Comparative study of the quantitative determination of kanamycin sulfate in ophthalmic films with a collagen base by microbiological and chemical methods]. AB - The results of the comparative study on microbiological and chemical quantitative determination of kanamycin sulfate in the ophthalmic films with the collagen base are presented. The intraocular films prepared with the use of 1 per cent collagen solution contain dexamethasone and kanamycin. The agar diffusion method with Bacillus pumilus NCTC 8241 as the test microbe and the photocolorimetric method based on estimation of the optical density of the colored compound formed after acid hydrolysis of kanamycin with orcinol and ferric chloride were used for the quantitative determination of kanamycin. The results of the quantitative determinations of kanamycin in the films with the two methods did not differ significantly. However, the error of the microbiological method was +/- 3,75 per cent, whereas that of the chemical method was +/- 1.23 per cent or approximately 3 times lower. The time of the analysis decreased from 24 to 1.5-2 h. Moreover, the chemical method is simple and readily reproducible. PMID- 6524894 TI - [Distribution of sulfanilamides and penicillins in the blood and organs of rats after their combined administration]. AB - The use of benzylpenicillin and ampicillin in combination with sulfalen or sulfadimethoxine increased the levels of the penicillins and sulfalen in some organs and tissues of rats. This was accompanied by a rise in the concentration gradients of the drugs. It is concluded that the combined use of the penicillins and sulfanilamides determines their increased penetration from the blood into other organs and tissues of the host. PMID- 6524896 TI - Experimental evaluation of chlorhexidine gluconate for ocular antisepsis. AB - Chlorhexidine gluconate is a bisguanide germicide currently available with 70% isopropanol (Hibistat, Hibitane) or a detergent (Hibiclens, Hibiscrub) for preoperative skin preparation. As these solvents are toxic to the cornea, we investigated the safety and efficacy of aqueous chlorhexidine solutions for ophthalmic use. Chlorhexidine in Tris-glycine buffer was evaluated for retardation of epithelial regeneration after experimental corneal abrasion in rabbits. Irrigant concentrations of 2.0 and 4.0% chlorhexidine significantly slowed the healing rate (0.546 and 0.076 mm/h, respectively) compared with saline controls (0.938 mm/h). Irrigant concentrations of less than or equal to 1% did not statistically delay healing (P greater than 0.4). In a separate group of animals, the right conjunctivae of pigmented rabbits were inoculated with Staphylococcus epidermidis (approximately 10(7) organisms per eye) and irrigated with 40 microliters of aqueous chlorhexidine in concentrations of 0.1, 0.5, and 1.0%; the left eyes were irrigated with saline or left untreated. Quantitative conjunctival cultures were obtained, and the total number of organisms recovered per eye was calculated. All chlorhexidine-treated eyes showed significant reduction in organisms compared with either untreated or saline-irrigated control eyes (P less than 0.001). In vitro antimicrobial susceptibility testing demonstrated chlorhexidine in concentrations of 0.1 to 4% to be highly active against a variety of gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial pathogens by disk diffusion and broth diffusion assays. Topical aqueous chlorhexidine may be an alternate agent for preoperative conjunctival antisepsis. PMID- 6524897 TI - Pharmacokinetics of cefpimizole in normal humans after single- and multiple-dose intravenous infusions. AB - The pharmacokinetics of cefpimizole (free acid equivalents of cefpimizole sodium), a broad-spectrum cephalosporin antibiotic, were determined after single- and multiple-dose 20-min intravenous infusions of 1, 2, and 4 g. The kinetics of single-dose administration of cefpimizole correspond to a two-compartment model with an average apparent volume of distribution of 20.0 +/- 3.5 liters, a distribution rate constant of 2.24 +/- 1.00 h-1, and a terminal rate constant of 0.358 +/- 0.036 h-1 (half-life, 1.9 h). The total body clearance was 118.6 +/- 20.2 ml/min. The primary route of elimination for cefpimizole was the renal route, with approximately 80% of the administered dose excreted as the parent compound. The elimination rate constant, as calculated from urinary excretion data, was 0.339 +/- 0.043 h-1, which is in close agreement with the terminal rate constant for plasma. Renal clearance of cefpimizole was 96.2 +/- 17.3 ml/min. Dose proportionality over the three dose levels was obtained from area under the plasma curve and cumulative urinary excretion data. The results of the multiple dose study indicated that no apparent change in the distribution or elimination kinetics of cefpimizole occurred after the administration of 1-, 2-, and 4-g doses for 7 days, three times a day. The kinetics from the multiple-dose study were in close agreement with those from the single-dose study. No accumulation of cefpimizole occurred, and nondetectable levels was observed 24 h after administration of the last dose. Peaks that could be attributed to metabolites of cefpimizole were not observed during high-pressure liquid chromatographic analysis of either plasma or urine specimens. PMID- 6524898 TI - pH-dependent bactericidal effects of acidulated fluoride gels on preformed plaque aggregates of Streptococcus mutans 6715. AB - The anticaries action of topically applied sodium fluoride (NaF) preparations has been attributed, at least in part, to the antibacterial effect of fluoride on cariogenic bacteria. In this report we examined the bactericidal activity of acidulated NaF gels against preformed plaque aggregates of Streptococcus mutans 6715. Both commercially available and laboratory-prepared gels were tested. Prepared NaF gels were acidified to various pH levels with HCl, H3PO4, or HF. The aggregates of S. mutans were immersed in the various fluoride gels for 5 min and then monitored for viability. None of the commercially available NaF gels with pHs of 3.5 to 4.5 and fluoride concentrations of 5,000 to 12,300 micrograms/ml were capable of exerting complete bactericidal activity against aggregates of S. mutans. For the laboratory-prepared NaF gels, neither the source of hydrogen ion nor the source of fluoride influenced the outcome when fluoride was present at the appropriate MBC and pH. NaF gels with a fluoride concentration of 37,000 micrograms/ml were bactericidal to S. mutans at pH 3.0. At pH 2.5 and 2.0, approximately 12,000 and 1,100 micrograms of fluoride per ml, respectively, was bactericidal. Results from this study suggest that the bactericidal properties of acidulated NaF gels can be enhanced by lowering their pHs to below 3.0. PMID- 6524899 TI - Induction of amphotericin B-specific antibodies for use in immunoassays. AB - High-titered antisera specific for amphotericin B (AmB) were induced by immunization with a protein conjugate of the D-lysyl AmB methyl ester. These polyclonal anti-AmB antibodies reacted preferentially with AmB or the AmB methyl ester and discriminated sharply between nystatin and AmB. A solid-phase radioimmunoassay was developed with radioiodinated immunoglobulin G fractions derived from the anti-AmB antisera. This assay was capable of detecting AmB in the sera in the same concentration range that is regularly achieved during AmB treatment of systemic fungal infections. This study demonstrated the feasibility of immunoassays in measuring the concentration of AmB in blood and tissue fluids. PMID- 6524900 TI - Enhancement of the in vitro activity of amphotericin B against Aspergillus spp. by tetracycline analogs. AB - Strains of Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus flavus, and Aspergillus niger were tested for in vitro susceptibility to amphotericin B alone and in combination with fixed concentrations of tetracycline, doxycycline, or minocycline, using buffered minimal essential medium in microtiter plates. Enhanced inhibitory activity was seen, especially with combinations of amphotericin B and minocycline. Synergistic activity between amphotericin B and minocycline was observed in each of five isolates of each species when tested in a checkerboard dilution scheme. Time-kill curves demonstrated killing an A. fumigatus isolated at concentrations of amphotericin B that were four- or eightfold lower in the presence of 5 or 15 micrograms of minocycline per ml than with amphotericin B alone. Of the tetracycline analogs tested, minocycline has the greatest activity against A. fumigatus, A. flavus, and A. niger conidia when potentiated by amphotericin B. PMID- 6524901 TI - Intra- and extracellular susceptibility of Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex to aminoglycoside antibiotics. AB - We developed a rapid, quantitative culture method to estimate the replication of Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex (MAIC) in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Mononuclear cells were plated in a 96-well tray, infected with clinically isolated strains of MAIC in the presence of autologous plasma, and further cultivated for 1 to 2 weeks in a tissue culture medium. No MAIC cells proliferated extracellularly, since human plasma inhibited extracellular growth of the mycobacteria. The mononuclear cells were lysed through a brief treatment with alkali, and surviving intracellular mycobacteria were diluted and plated with tissue culture medium in a 96-well tray. Mycobacterial colonies were counted under a microscope after a 5-day incubation. The number of viable MAIC cells continuously increased, reaching 10 times the number of inoculated cells in a week. Thus, mononuclear phagocytes were the permissive site for the replication of MAIC. Intra- and extracellular susceptibilities of seven MAIC strains to four aminoglycoside antibiotics were then studied. The mycobacteria were most susceptible in vitro to dibekacin (MICs, 3.13 to 12.5 micrograms/ml). Dibekacin at 12.5 micrograms/ml was bacteriostatic to five of seven strains in the monocytes. Also, intracellular replication of the other two strains was greatly suppressed by that concentration of dibekacin. PMID- 6524902 TI - Gastrointestinal motor-stimulating activity of macrolide antibiotics and analysis of their side effects on the canine gut. AB - For clarification of the nature of the side effects of macrolide antibiotics on the gastrointestinal tract, the motor-stimulating activity of these agents was studied in unanesthetized dogs. The results showed that erythromycin and oleandomycin, the 14-membered macrolides with two side chain sugars combined at C3 and C5 in a glycosidic linkage in parallel, strongly stimulate gastrointestinal motor activity, an action accompanied by vomiting at large doses. On the other hand, leucomycin, acetylspiramycin, and tylosin, belonging to a 16-membered macrolide with two side chain sugars in series combined at C5 of the lactone ring, did not induce contractions of the gastrointestinal tract. Motor-stimulating activity by erythromycin and oleandomycin was greatly inhibited by atropine sulfate. These results point to structure-physiological activity relationships. PMID- 6524903 TI - Single-drug versus combination empirical therapy for gram-negative bacillary infections in febrile cancer patients with and without granulocytopenia. AB - Empirical therapy with cefoperazone was compared with cefoperazone plus amikacin in granulocytopenic and nongranulocytopenic febrile patients. In nonneutropenic patients the overall response rate to cefoperazone was 88%; 10 of 12 gram negative bacteremic patients were cured. Cefoperazone plus amikacin resulted in an 88% overall response rate and cured 14 of 15 patients with bacteremia. In neutropenic patients the overall response rate was 77% with cefoperazone alone and 73% with cefoperazone plus amikacin; the cure rates for gram-negative bacteremias were 8 of 11 and 6 of 12 patients, respectively. Our findings support the concept of single-drug empirical therapy with cefoperazone in febrile cancer patients, whether granulocytopenic or not, especially when gram-negative bacteremias are predominantly caused by Escherichia coli or Klebsiella species. The issue of Pseudomonas spp. and other more resistant pathogens needs further assessment with a larger number of patients. PMID- 6524904 TI - In vitro activity of CGP 31523A, a broad-spectrum cephalosporin, in comparison with those of other agents. AB - The in vitro activity of CGP 31523A, a new aminothiazolyl cephalosporin, was compared with those of cefoxitin, cefuroxime, moxalactam, piperacillin, ciprofloxacin, and other beta-lactams, when appropriate, against 533 recent clinical isolates and known resistant strains of bacteria. The MICs of CGP 31523A required to inhibit 90% (MIC90S) of the members of the family Enterobacteriaceae, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, and Streptococcus pneumoniae were less than or equal to 0.25 micrograms/ml. Of Staphylococcus aureus (excluding methicillin-resistant strains) and Haemophilus influenzae, 90% were susceptible to 0.5 micrograms/ml. Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Lancefield group D streptococci were resistant to CGP 31523A (MIC90, greater than or equal to 128 micrograms/ml). The activity against Bacteroides fragilis was modest (MIC90, 32 micrograms/ml). The susceptibility of known beta-lactamase-producing strains suggested that CGP 31523A was resistant to many beta-lactamases (but not those of Bacteroides fragilis). The serum protein binding of CGP 31523A was about 73%. The primary target site of CGP 31523A in Escherichia coli appeared to be penicillin-binding protein 3. PMID- 6524906 TI - In vitro antimicrobial susceptibility of a Mycobacterium sp. isolated from patients with Crohn's disease. AB - The in vitro susceptibility of three strains of an unclassified Mycobacterium sp., isolated from three patients with Crohn's disease, to 23 antimicrobial agents was determined by a modified broth dilution method with 7H9 broth containing oleic acid-albumin-dextrose-catalase, Tween 80, and mycobactin J. All three strains were susceptible to streptomycin, viomycin, rifampin, clofazimine, cefazolin, amikacin, and kanamycin and resistant to p-aminosalicylic acid, cycloserine, 2-thiophenecarboxylic acid hydrazide, trimethoprim, diaminodiphenylsulfone, sulfamethoxazole, sulfadimethoxine, polymyxin B, metronidazole, neomycin, and carbenicillin. Variable results between strains were encountered with ethambutol, ethionamide, capreomycin, amoxicillin, and cephalothin. PMID- 6524905 TI - Effect of exchange transfusion with an oxygen-carrying resuscitation fluid on the efficacy of penicillin therapy of pneumococcal infection in rats. AB - The effects of exchange transfusion with Fluosol DA (FDA) or stroma-free hemoglobin on the outcome of pneumococcal infection in rats were determined. Rats were sham transfused or exchange transfused with 25 ml of FDA or stroma-free hemoglobin. They were then challenged intraperitoneally with Streptococcus pneumoniae type 3 and treated with penicillin for 120 h. Only 2 of 15 (13.3%) FDA transfused rats were alive at 312 h compared with 11 of 15 (73.3%) concurrently studied sham-transfused control rats (P = 0.0016). Of 10 stroma-free hemoglobin transfused rats and 10 concurrently studied sham-transfused control rats (P = 0.98), 8 from each group (80%) were alive at 312 h. Penicillin therapy only suppressed pneumococcal infection in FDA-transfused rats, and relapse occurred after therapy was stopped. This effect could not be attributed to interference with the bactericidal activity of penicillin against pneumococci, to an alteration in the pneumococcal burden before penicillin therapy or to an alteration of the leukocyte and polymorphonuclear leukocyte response by FDA. In contrast, pneumococcal infection in stroma-free hemoglobin-transfused rats was cured with penicillin therapy. These data showed that FDA altered the ability of rats to respond to pneumococcal infection. PMID- 6524907 TI - Ciprofloxacin penetration into extravascular spaces in a rabbit model. AB - Ciprofloxacin penetration into extravascular spaces was studied in a rabbit Visking chamber model. The drug was administered (7 mg/kg) intramuscularly every 4 h for eight doses. Peak and trough drug levels by dose 8 were 1.3 and 0.35 micrograms/ml in serum and 0.61 and 0.50 micrograms/ml in extravascular sites. The ratio of extravascular site to serum free drug area under the drug curve by dose 8 was 91.1%. This potent, new antimicrobial agent appears to distribute freely to extravascular spaces in this animal model. PMID- 6524909 TI - Nematospora sinecauda sp. nov., a yeast pathogen of mustard seeds. AB - An undescribed yeast species was recovered from oriental (Brassica juncea) and yellow (B. hirta) mustard seeds. The new species most closely resembled Nematospora coryli but its asci were rarely cylindrical. The asci and ascospores of N. sinecauda were smaller and the spores did not possess a whip-like appendage. During germination a sprout cell formed first on the smooth anterior surface of the spore above the median ridge. The posterior region of the spore was decorated with interrupted concentric ridges. A description of the new species is given. PMID- 6524908 TI - Decreased biliary excretion of cefamandole after percutaneous biliary decompression in patients with total common bile duct obstruction. AB - The biliary penetration of cefamandole was studied in six patients with total biliary obstruction before and after placement of a transhepatic bile drainage catheter. Biliary levels of cefamandole remained depressed even when the drug was administered as late as 7 days after decompression of the biliary tract. PMID- 6524910 TI - The glucose-dependent transport of L-malate in Zygosaccharomyces bailii. AB - Zygosaccharomyces bailii possesses a constitutive malic enzyme, but only small amounts of malate are decomposed when the cells ferment fructose. Cells growing anaerobically on glucose (glucose cells) decompose malate, whereas fructose cells do not. Only glucose cells show an increase in the intracellular concentration of malate when suspended in a malate-containing solution. The transport system for malate is induced by glucose, but it is repressed by fructose. The synthesis of this transport system is inhibited by cycloheximide. Of the two enantiomers L malate is transported preferentially. The transport of malate by induced cells is not only inhibited by addition of fructose but also inactivated. This inactivation is independent of the presence of cycloheximide. The transport of malate is inhibited by uranyl ions; various other inhibitors of transport and phosphorylation were of little influence. It is assumed that the inducible protein carrier for malate operates by facilitated diffusion. Fructose cells of Z. bailii and cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae do not contain a transport system for malate. PMID- 6524911 TI - A screen for Clostridium difficile in the vagina: an out-patient study using and comparing selective media. AB - Cycloserine-Cefoxitin-Fructose Agar (CCFA) gives good presumptive identification of Clostridium difficile after 1- or 2-day incubation whereas Reinforced Clostridial Medium (RCM)/p-cresol is not very selective for the organism from the vagina. The identification of 91.5% of the isolates from an initial screen subjected to biochemically based tests was achieved. Conventional screening of vaginal swabs failed to confirm any significant occurrence of Cl. difficile in the vagina of pregnant or non-pregnant women. The incorporation of an enrichment stage in the isolation procedure, however, did reveal a significant presence of the organism in the vagina of both pregnant and non-pregnant women. PMID- 6524912 TI - Characterization of enterotoxin produced by four Yersinia enterocolitica strains of pig origin. AB - All four isolates of Yersinia enterocolitica and one isolate of Y. frederiksenii from pigs were found to be enterotoxigenic. Whole-cell preparations of Y. enterocolitica isolates did not induce any change in the rabbit ligated gut test after 6 and 18 h of inoculation, but Y. frederiksenii on the other hand showed a positive gut response at 18 h. Cell-free supernatant (CFS) of all five isolates induced dilatation in the rabbit gut up to 6 h, after which Y. enterocolitica became negative, while Y. frederiksenii continued to show a reaction up to 18 h. CFS of all five isolates were also found positive with the infant mouse test. Of the five isolates of Yersinia, three gave a positive reaction for the permeability factor on rabbit skin. Yersinia enterotoxin could be concentrated by methanol extraction. It was stable at 100 degrees C for 20 min and at 120 degrees C for 15 min. However, its activity was lost at low (2.0) and high pH (10.0). Enterotoxic preparations of Y. enterocolitica lost part of their enterotoxic activity upon dialysis. PMID- 6524913 TI - The yeast Candida sequanensis sp. nov. AB - A strain of an undescribed Candida species was isolated from animal fodder. A description of the new species is given and its distinction from the most closely resembling species of the genus is discussed. PMID- 6524914 TI - Microbial contamination of a vitamin A formulation, prepared in local pharmacies, and its preservation against yeasts and moulds. AB - The microbial contamination of 44 samples of a vitamin A preparation in sucrose syrup was investigated. The contaminants were almost exclusively yeasts and moulds. Microbiological and physicochemical studies showed that sorbic acid was the preservative of choice for this formulation. The results are discussed with respect to the preservation of non-sterile pharmaceuticals. PMID- 6524915 TI - Preference and sensitivity to salt taste as determinants of salt-intake. AB - Total salt-intake was estimated in 33 normal subjects using urinary sodium excretion over 7 days, and table and cooking salt use were measured over the same period. Sensitivity to salt taste was measured for 31 of these subjects using a seven-category rating scale for intensity of saltiness with five concentrations of salt in water, bread and mashed potato. Preferences were assessed using a nine category hedonic rating scale with the bread and mashed potato to determine the maximally-preferred concentration. No differences were found in the taste measures between subjects divided into high and low intake in terms of total salt intake or total intake divided by body weight. However, differences were found in sensitivity and preferences between groups divided into high and low table salt use. This may be because the major proportion of total salt-intake arose from salt present in foods and this would not be so open to voluntary control as table salt use. PMID- 6524916 TI - The use and the attributions of some sweet foods. AB - The attributes people give to certain sweet foods and the connections between these attributes and the use of food were assessed in 515 men and women from different age, educational and social groups. The foods specifically named were: ice cream, sweetened yogurt, and soft drinks. The subjects were classified according to their reported consumption frequency of the sweet foods. The attributes of foods were assessed by the semantic differential technique. On the basis of factor analysis of the attributions, four meaning dimensions were identified for each food. The dimensions for ice cream and sweetened yogurt were labelled 'personal use', 'healthfulness', 'nutritiveness', and 'psychosocial meaning'. The mean dimensions of soft drinks were labelled 'emotional meaning', 'social meaning', 'healthfulness', and 'personal use'. These meanings of the foods correlated with their reported frequency of use: those who associated positive attributes to a particular food also used that food more often than the others. PMID- 6524917 TI - The effects of moderate protein or energy supplements on subsequent nutrient intake in man. AB - A moderate energy (0 g protein, 420 kcal) supplement was given daily to a group of people (n = 14) in one week, and a placebo was administered daily in another week. A second group (n = 13) was given a protein supplement (14 g protein, 84 kcal) daily during one week and a placebo in a separate week. A crossover design was used. The effect of the energy supplement was to increase the mean energy intake by 273 kcal, in the treatment compared with the placebo week. That is, 32% of the energy value of the drink was accommodated by a change in the diet; this change was not significant. The effect of the protein supplement was to increase the mean protein intake on day 1 by 20.5 g, in the treatment compared with the placebo week. This increment decreased linearly throughout the week, to 5.9 g on day 7. At lunchtime, carbohydrate intakes were significantly depressed after the protein supplement, and protein intake was significantly increased after the energy supplement. PMID- 6524918 TI - Isohedonic tastes support a two-dimensional hypothesis of palatability. AB - The hypothesis that tastes activate two systems of palatability processing was tested by examining the ingestive and aversive fixed-action patterns (FAPs) elicited by equally preferred tastes. Berridge and Grill (1983) reported that the probability of occurrence of aversive FAPs could be increased without producing a reciprocal reduction in the probability of ingestive responses. This independence of ingestion and aversion was confirmed, and it was shown that the effect extends to measures of the actual quantity, as well as the probability, of the FAPs. It was further shown that ingestive and aversive FAPs could be increased together by simultaneously increasing the sucrose and quinine concentration of a taste. Equal preference between tastes may therefore need not imply identical hedonic evaluations, but rather simply an equivalent balance between ingestive and aversive systems. These data provide support for a two-dimensional hypothesis of palatability processing. PMID- 6524919 TI - Vasopressin effects on food-rewarded learning tasks might be due to its action on carbohydrate/lipid metabolism, not memory. AB - Vasopressin (VP) has been implicated in memory processes on the basis of effects observed in aversively motivated learning situations. Therefore researchers have tried to confirm this role by using food-motivated learning tasks. However, the well-established physiological influences of VP on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism were not taken into consideration. At various times following administration, VP might act as a feeding stimulant or as a satiating agent. Experimental designs should allow for these effects when food-rewarded learning paradigms are used to determine whether VP acts on memory. PMID- 6524921 TI - The preparation of semipermeable microcapsules containing antibody for use in radioimmunoassay. PMID- 6524922 TI - Preparation and in vitro characteristics of a blood substitute based on pyridoxylated polyhemoglobin. AB - Stroma-free hemoglobin (SFHb) is prepared from outdated blood. Red cells are washed, lysed in hypotonic phosphate buffer, and stromal lipid is then removed by toluene extraction and high-speed centrifugation. Pyridoxal-phosphate (PP) added in a 4:1 molar ratio to deoxygenated SFHb, is covalently linked across the polyphosphate binding site of the Hb tetramer by reduction with NaBH4 under N2 for 18 h. Excess reagents are removed by dialysis. Subsequent crosslinking using 5.0% glutaraldehyde in the presence of lysine for 12-36 h yields soluble, macromolecular polyhemoglobin (PolyHb). Progress of the reaction is monitored by gel chromatography. In vitro work shows that different molecular weight (MW) PolyHb can be produced, ranging in weight from 130,000 to over 1,000,000. Intermediate MW PolyHb (less than 600,000) remains stable for months at 4 degrees C, withstands prolonged incubation at 37 degrees C, and has a viscosity similar to blood. SFHb has a low P50 = 15 torr, which has been raised to 26 torr by pyridoxylation. When PP-SFHb is crosslinked into PP-PolyHb, it can reversibly carry oxygen with a lower affinity (P50 = 16 torr) than nonpyridoxylated PolyHb (P50 = 11 torr). These favorable physicochemical properties of PP-PolyHb suggest that further progress toward a potential artificial blood substitute has been made. PMID- 6524920 TI - We should de-emphasize the importance of the role we give amines in the LH syndrome. AB - Once amines were implicated in the lateral hypothalamic syndrome, it became accepted that the dominant cause of many of its symptoms was an alteration in amines. We suggest that corticofugal fiber damage may produce some of the behavioral symptoms usually attributed to amine alterations. PMID- 6524923 TI - Preparation and biophysical properties of hemolysate-loaded liposomes. PMID- 6524924 TI - Lipid microencapsulation of hemoglobin. PMID- 6524925 TI - Tailor-made agarose-based reactive beads for hemoperfusion and plasma perfusion. AB - Composite beads of approximately 1 mm diameter, made of crosslinked agarose and containing Fuller's Earth or zirconium oxide powders, were prepared and used in extracorporeal systems for blood detoxification. The former was used for the removal of Paraquat, while the latter was used to remove inorganic phosphate from hyperphosphatemic animals with or without acute renal failure. The high surface area of the powder, combined with the low resistance to diffusion in the crosslinked agarose matrix, are highly advantageous. The crosslinking provides high mechanical strength, heat stability, prolonged shelf life, good blood flow characteristics, and prevents the release of fine particles into the blood. Crosslinked agarose beads of 1 mm diameter, containing chemically-bound heparin were also prepared, and used as a model for direct contact removal of LDL cholesterol from the blood of familial hypercholesterolemic patients by hemoperfusion. The high capacity of these beads (over 5 mg LDL/mL beads) indicates that this clinical modality can replace the highly expensive plasmapheresis procedure presently used. PMID- 6524926 TI - Preparation of polyethyleneglycol (PEG) coatings for microencapsulation of charcoal. AB - Polyethyleneglycols (PEGs) with their high solubility in water cannot normally be used as a coating material in aqueous solutions such as blood. A gamma-radiation procedure was therefore applied after coating charcoal granules with PEG in a non aqueous phase, and an 80-90% insoluble polymer matrix on charcoal was obtained. PEGs with different molecular weights from 4000 to 300,000 were used for coating. The performance of this system was determined by using several test solutes, namely creatinine, uric acid, and vitamin B-12. It was observed that the pore size and structure of these membranes can be adjusted by changing the irradiation time and by using PEGs with different molecular weights. Thus, very high mass transfer rates can be achieved. PMID- 6524927 TI - Initial treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus with a new artificial reticuloendothelial system. AB - Artificial reticuloendothelial system, which was made on an immobilized phenylalanine column, has been developed to remove denatured protein from serum. This system was used to treat systemic lupus erythematosus effectively. Lupus angiitis has been markedly improved with 12 treatments. PMID- 6524928 TI - Drug targeting by drug entrapment into ultrafine compartments as carriers. AB - The incorporation of drugs into vesicles is one of several technological methods for the optimization of targeted drug delivery and controlled drug targeting. The main problems will always remain: To design inert auxiliary accompanying materials in order to overcome side reactions; To use body-friendly and biodegradable macromolecular carrier materials for the therapeutic system; To miniaturize the dosage form dramatically in the submicroscopic size range in order to eliminate foreign body irritations; To develop ultrafine solid and amorphous vesicular compartments (nanocapsules, nanopellets, nanoparticles) to get stable systems with good tissue transfer and organ targeting properties The actual stand of the incorporation of drugs and biologic active material into ultrafine colloidal solid capsules is reviewed here as for instance: Immunoactive material; Fluorescent indicators in body fluids; Controlled and sustained release systems Nonspecific drug targeting of the first-order (passage through endothelial tissues); Second-order targeting (a specific transparenchymal migration), and a highly specific targeting of the third-order (transcellular passage, especially lysosomal transports). Examples for some of these applications are given. It can be shown that such ultrafine vesiculated capsules offer some advantages when applied parenterally, but also partly for oral application. In the future, still more studies are necessary finally to clarify the importance and practical use of such ultrafine targeting carriers. PMID- 6524930 TI - Kinetic model identification of drug release from microcapsules using the nonlinear regression search procedure. PMID- 6524929 TI - Microcapsules for new animal drugs. AB - Microencapsulation techniques have been developed and refined for many years. However, in recent years, great strides have been made in controlling the microcapsule size down to the nanometer range when necessary. Progress has also been made in controlling the ratio of wall/capsule and the distribution of microcapsule diameter size in the batching of the capsules. One area of application for microencapsulation is the convenience of dosing large groups of animals once with a sustained-release dosage form rather than with repeated administration since this involves greater effort at animal management. For example, targeted dosages can be achieved by a specialized drug delivery system. Since animal systems are varied and ruminant animals have a digestive system that is different from and more complex than that of other animals, oral administration of a drug substance to be retained through the rumen to the abomasum for subsequent dissolution and/or excretion may be affected by a microencapsulation process. Miller and Gordon of USDA achieved this for control of fecal breeding flies by systemic retention of a microencapsulated pesticide drug into the manure. Perhaps one of the most challenging areas is that of pharmaceuticals. There is now considerable interest in the area of microparticulate drug delivery systems. Examples of how desirable nutritional properties and taste preference are achieved and how these provide improved animal products will be discussed. Additional areas of interest and some possible future systems that have advantages over conventional systems will be discussed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6524931 TI - Preparation and in vivo studies of a new drug delivery system. Nanoparticles of alkylcyanoacrylate. AB - Polyhexylcyanoacrylate nanoparticles have been prepared with vincamine as the model drug. These particles had an average size of 200 nm and adsorbed approximately 43% of vincamine. The adsorption of vincamine to nanoparticles modified the distribution of vincamine in tissues. After iv injection the distribution volumes were increased in comparison with an aqueous solution of drug. In comparison with an aqueous solution of drug, the absolute bioavailability of vincamine was also increased after an oral administration of nanoparticles. PMID- 6524932 TI - A controlled-release anti-inflammatory drug. Studies on microcapsules. AB - A procedure to obtain a controlled-release microencapsulated anti-inflammatory drug based on a solvent evaporation method is described. The present method makes use of ethylcellulose as the polymer and methylene chloride as solvent. The evaporation of solvent is controlled by means of an air stream. Variations in the preparative procedure and their effects on capsule dimensions and permeabilities were studied. The release behavior of the drug is determined, and two different diffusion constants are also determined: 7.0 X 10(-10) cm2/s and 1.2 X 10(-10) cm2/s, corresponding to low and high release time. Based on these results it is proposed that these microcapsules have a nonhomogeneous polymeric wall, and are more porous in the outer surface. This model might be applicable to the microcapsules obtained by means of the solvent evaporation method. PMID- 6524933 TI - An orally administered microcapsule system for treating chronic renal failure patients. AB - Ingestible adsorbents for the removal of uremic metabolites are being investigated as adjunctive therapy in the treatment of chronic uremia. In particular, a microcapsule product containing urease and zirconium phosphate (UZP) has been investigated for removing urea. A dog model, simulating chronic uremia, was developed to investigate: (1) the concentration of various nitrogenous metabolites (urea, creatinine, and uric acid) in the GI tract, (2) flux rates of H2O and various nitrogenous metabolites in the GI tract, and (3) the efficacy of the microcapsule product. The results of these perfusion studies suggest that urea and creatinine can be removed from the GI tract via ingestible adsorbents. In addition, the model may be useful in investigating suspect uremic toxins, e.g., guanidinosuccinic acid (GSA). The reduction of blood urea nitrogen levels in the dog model when the animal was fed the microcapsule product was limited by the capacity of the zirconium phosphate to bind ammonium ion. Preliminary clinical studies with the microcapsule product indicate that it may be of potential adjunctive therapy in patients suffering from chronic renal failure. PMID- 6524934 TI - Liquid crystal microcapsule medical device used for thermographic examination of the human female breast. AB - A new medical device called Thermascan has been developed based on heat-sensitive microencapsulated liquid crystals. This thermographic device assists in early detection of breast abnormalities that are characterized by minor changes in tissue temperature and displayed by the color changes in the device. This liquid crystal device is used to screen patients who fall into the average to high risk category: The value of this diagnostic device is that it will detect minute temperature changes that occur in the breast from very small heat-producing cancers. PMID- 6524935 TI - Artificial cell-microencapsulated phenylalanine ammonia-lyase. AB - Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) is immobilized in collodion artificial cells. Once technical problems associated with the encapsulation of this enzyme were solved, the enzyme kinetics were compared to PAL in free solution. Microencapsulated PAL has an apparent enzyme activity that is 20% of the activity of enzyme in free solution. The Km for both free and immobilized PAL is 475 microM. The Vm for the microencapsulated PAL is 9 microM/min, whereas that of PAL in free solution is 55 microM/min. PMID- 6524936 TI - Effects of different training environments on the acquisition of community living skills. AB - This study compared behavioral skill acquisition rates of 10 matched pairs of moderately mentally retarded persons who received individualized, prescriptive programming for 1 year in one of two training environments. One group received community living skills training within their staffed apartment; the other within a group home adjacent to the adult developmental center. The two groups were compared after 1 year of training on the number of skills gained and the relative contribution of 32 predictor variables. Results indicated that clients trained in their apartments gained three times the skills and maintained their placements. Significant predictor variables included one client variable (assessed number of social behavior skills) and two-training variables (number of instructional steps in the task analyses developed and programming frequency). Implications regarding stimulus control, skill training and maintenance procedures, staff utilization patterns, and social validation are discussed. PMID- 6524937 TI - Comparison scan training and the matching and scanning performance of severely and profoundly mentally retarded students. AB - This study investigated the effects of comparison scan training on the matching and visual scanning performance of severely and profoundly mentally retarded students. A match-to-sample-problem pretest was administered to 32 students, whose eye movements were recorded on videotape, and the 12 subjects who demonstrated at least minimal competence on the pretest task were matched on pretest performance and assigned to training (n = 6) or comparison (n = 6) groups. Training-group students were provided with visual comparison scan training, while the comparison group performed the same task but received no training. A posttest identical to the pretest followed. The training group was superior to the comparison group during training and showed a significant increase in correct responding from pretest to posttest, whereas the comparison group did not. Neither measures of scanning behavior nor the latencies of the choice response were related to matching performance or affected by the training procedure. Possible relationships among visual scanning, comparison scan training, and matching-task performance were discussed. PMID- 6524939 TI - Teaching developmentally disabled persons how to react to fires. AB - Four elements of fire reaction are delineated: investigating, reporting, suppressing, and evacuating areas in which fires are present. Important issues in the acquisition, maintenance, and generalization of fire reaction skills for developmentally disabled persons are identified and reviewed. Learning-based treatment strategies and fire safety literature relevant to the authors' concerns are reviewed. The authors suggest that behavioral research on training should be congruent with fire safety experts' recommendations on fire reaction skills. PMID- 6524938 TI - A rapid training procedure for teaching manual sign language skills to multidisciplinary institutional staff. AB - The benefits of teaching manual sign language skills to severely and profoundly mentally retarded persons are becoming well documented. However, if these individuals are to use manual signing for functional communication, then their daily caregivers must also be skilled in the use of signs. In this study, a program for teaching signing skills to institutional personnel was evaluated. The generality of the program's effectiveness was investigated in three studies involving different groups of staff: paraprofessional direct care staff, specialty habilitation persons, and nurses. Results showed that the training program, consisting of written and verbal instructions, modeling, practice, and verbal feedback, was effective in rapidly teaching signs to all participating staff members. Also, the acquired signing skills maintained over time, the program was well received by staff, and staff used the signs in their routine interactions with institutionalized residents. Results are discussed with respect to the need to insure that handicapped individuals have a manual signing community with which to use their signing skills and to important components of effective staff training programs. PMID- 6524940 TI - Self-injurious behavior and stereotypy in an institutionalized mentally retarded population. AB - Demographic variables and behavioral characteristics of institutionalized mentally retarded clients exhibiting both self-injurious behavior (SIB) and stereotypy, stereotypy alone, SIB alone, or neither of these behaviors were analyzed. Overall, there were no significant differences for the demographic variables measured. Multivariate analyses revealed that severity and frequency of behavior, sensory handicap, and sex of the subject were the best predictors of group membership. Moreover, this research suggests that SIB and stereotypy can be classified as stereotyped SIB and withdrawal stereotypy, respectively. Thus, the treatment modalities presently being applied to these behaviors could be inappropriate. Additional evidence is discussed that supports the belief that an organic physiological substrate or mechanism could be related to these aberrant behavior patterns, which would necessitate a new diagnostic classification and alternative forms of treatment. PMID- 6524941 TI - Public school satisfaction with interdisciplinary services. AB - Representatives from local, regional, and state educational agencies throughout the country were surveyed to determine their satisfaction with services provided by University Affiliated Programs (UAPs). Sixty-eight respondents from 26 states and the District of Columbia returned questionnaires indicating their assessment of UAP services. Overall results showed highly positive ratings regarding access to UAP services, interdisciplinary evaluations, comprehensiveness, and relevancy of written reports and in-service training activities. PMID- 6524942 TI - Alcohol and the fetus. PMID- 6524943 TI - Who should get growth hormone? PMID- 6524944 TI - Pallid syncope (reflex anoxic seizures) PMID- 6524946 TI - Maternal fluid overload during labour; transplacental hyponatraemia and risk of transient neonatal tachypnoea in term infants. AB - Cord serum sodium concentrations in two groups of vaginally delivered, singleton term infants were correlated with the incidence of transient neonatal tachypnoea. Hyponatraemia (cord serum sodium less than 130 mmol/l) was seen in 71 of 180 (39%) infants born to mothers who received an intravenous infusion of aqueous glucose solution during labour (study group) compared with 6 of 103 (6%) infants born to mothers who did not receive any intravenous fluid treatment (controls). The incidence of transient neonatal tachypnoea was 4.5 times higher for hyponatraemic infants in the study group (11 of 71) than for normonatraemic infants in the same group (3 of 109) and the control group (3 of 97). The difference was not attributable to other perinatal or neonatal characteristics. Our findings suggest an increased risk of transient neonatal tachypnoea in term infants who suffer from transplacental hyponatraemia after their mothers received intrapartum infusion of aqueous glucose solutions. PMID- 6524945 TI - Calcium and phosphorus balance in extremely low birthweight infants in the first six weeks of life. AB - The absorption and retention of calcium and phosphorus in infants of 28 weeks' gestation, or less, who were fed either breast milk or a preterm formula, were determined in 22 balance studies. Breast milk contained significantly lower amounts of calcium and phosphorus than the formula milk. The percentage absorption of calcium was similar in the two groups, but the infants fed breast milk had greater urinary calcium losses and significantly lower calcium retention than the group fed formula milk. The percentage phosphate absorption was also similar in the two groups but because of the higher phosphate intake in the formula milk this group retained a significantly greater amount of phosphate. The extremely low birthweight infants fed on breast milk were phosphorus depleted, with low plasma phosphate concentrations, and seemed to retain as much phosphate as possible. The hypophosphataemia may result in reduced deposition of calcium in bone and explain the calciuria in the breast fed infants. Substrate deficiency may be an important factor in the aetiology of rickets of prematurity and, particularly if breast milk is used, preterm infants may require calcium and phosphate supplements from an early age. PMID- 6524947 TI - Auditory screening of special care neonates using the auditory response cradle. AB - The Linco-Bennett auditory response cradle is a microprocessor controlled device for screening the hearing of neonates. A total of 396 neonates admitted to a special care unit were tested on the cradle and later followed up in a comprehensive test programme between the ages of 3 months and 8 months. Altogether 374 (94%) were available for follow up. The use of the cradle resulted in the detection of six neonates with appreciable deafness. One neonate who passed the cradle test has severe bilateral hearing impairment. The false alarm rate for neonates failing two tests on the cradle but having normal hearing at follow up was 4.3%. The auditory response cradle was designed for use in mass screening programmes but testing the hearing of all newborns would require many staff. It is argued that this is unrealistic when resources are scarce, but that neonates in high risk groups should have their hearing screened at birth by an objective test such as this. The cradle has considerable potential but its method of use and the 'decision making' programme could be improved. PMID- 6524948 TI - Objective structured clinical examination compared with other forms of student assessment. AB - Two hundred and twenty nine final year medical students were assessed in paediatrics using an objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) and a traditional viva voce examination, and the results were compared with other assessments of the students made during and at the end of the undergraduate course. Results of the OSCE correlated positively with other forms of assessment and more strongly than the viva voce examination. There was little correlation between the OSCE and viva results. Eighty per cent of students felt the OSCE to be a fairer system than other examinations and all external examiners commented favourably on it. An OSCE is an acceptable alternative to traditional means of examination in paediatrics and may be superior in certain aspects. PMID- 6524949 TI - Exercise test for growth hormone deficiency. AB - An exercise test measuring energy expenditure was performed on a bicycle ergometer by 98 patients in the outpatient clinic. Results concordant with the final diagnosis were obtained in 89% of the 75 children referred because of short stature and in 65% of the 23 children with associated chronic disorders. PMID- 6524950 TI - Treadmill exercise test in short children. AB - Fifty nine children of short stature exercised for 10 minutes on a non-motorised treadmill. In 49 a growth hormone concentration of greater than 15 mU/l was reached, effectively excluding growth hormone deficiency. In 10 children the growth hormone concentration failed to reach 15 mU/l; growth hormone deficiency was confirmed in seven by a subsequent insulin tolerance test. The optimal time for blood sampling was five minutes after the end of the exercise. It was possible to use the test for very young and very short children. PMID- 6524951 TI - Successful treatment of severe carbamyl phosphate synthetase I deficiency. AB - We describe a girl with neonatal hyperammonaemia due to carbamyl phosphate synthetase I deficiency. Treatment consisted of protein restriction from the second day of life. Sodium benzoate was given for three weeks after birth and again from 7 months of age together with sodium phenylacetate to improve protein tolerance. Growth and development are normal at 15 months of age. PMID- 6524952 TI - Dental health of survivors of malignant disease. AB - A full dental examination on 64 children aged from 3 to 20 years who were in long term remission from malignant disease showed normal facial growth, caries incidence, and periodontal indices. There was increased incidence of hypodontia and hypoplasia which in some could be ascribed to the original disease or its treatment. PMID- 6524953 TI - Birthweights of infants born before 30 weeks' gestation. PMID- 6524954 TI - Intersex problems. PMID- 6524955 TI - Glass furniture hazard. PMID- 6524956 TI - Treatment choice in acute rheumatic carditis. PMID- 6524957 TI - Neonatal cholestasis and hypopituitarism. PMID- 6524958 TI - Chronic respiratory effects of exposure to diesel emissions in coal mines. AB - A 5-yr prospective design was employed to test the hypothesis that exposure to diesel emissions leads to chronic respiratory effects among underground coal miners. Changes in respiratory function and development of chronic respiratory symptoms were measured during a 5-yr study period (i.e., 1977 to 1982) in 280 diesel-exposed and 838 control miners from Eastern and Western United States underground coal mines. Spirometry measures of respiratory function included forced expiratory volume in 1 sec (FEV1.0), forced vital capacity (FVC), and forced expiratory flow rate at 50% of FVC (FEF50). Chronic respiratory symptom measures, which included chronic cough, chronic phlegm, and breathlessness, were obtained by questionnaires, as were smoking status and occupational history. Based upon these data, the pattern of evidence did not support the hypothesis either in an age-adjusted comparison of diesel vs. nondiesel miners or in an internal analysis by cumulative years of diesel exposure. PMID- 6524959 TI - Effects of diet on mercury metabolism and excretion in mice given methylmercury: role of gut flora. AB - Mice fed either (1) a pelleted rodent diet, (2) evaporated milk, or (3) a synthetic diet (high protein, low fat) exhibited different rates of whole body mercury elimination and fecal mercury excretion after exposure (per os) to methylmercuric chloride. The percentage of the total mercury body burden present as mercuric mercury was highest (35.3%) in mice fed the synthetic diet (which had the highest rate of mercury elimination) and lowest (6.6%) in the animals having the lowest mercury elimination rate (milk-fed mice). Mice fed the synthetic diet had lower mercury concentrations and had a higher proportion of mercuric mercury in their tissues than the mice from the other dietary groups. Treatment of the mice with antibiotics throughout the experimental period to suppress the gut flora reduced fecal mercury excretion and the dietary differences in whole body retention of mercury. Tissue mercury concentrations and proportion of organic mercury in feces, cecal contents, liver, and kidneys were increased by antibiotic treatment of mice fed the pelleted or synthetic diets. These results are consistent with the theory that demethylation of methylmercury by intestinal microflora is a major factor determining the excretion rate of mercury. PMID- 6524960 TI - Cancer and birth defects near the Drake Superfund site, Pennsylvania. AB - The Drake Superfund site in Clinton County, Pennsylvania, has been contaminated with the carcinogens beta-naphthylamine, benzidene, and benzene. The authors reviewed county-wide, age-adjusted, sex-, race-, and site-specific cancer mortality rates for the years 1950-1959, 1960-1969, and 1970-1979, and type specific birth defects incidence rates for 1973-1978. During the 1970s, a significantly increased number of bladder cancer deaths occurred among white males in Clinton County, and a significantly increased number of other cancer deaths occurred in the general population of Clinton and three surrounding counties. There were no statistically significant clusters of any specific birth defect or of all birth defects. County-wide data on cancer and birth defects can be used for initially screening counties with Superfund sites, but more definitive studies are needed to assess the actual health effects caused by these sites. PMID- 6524961 TI - Hematological findings among workers exposed to benzene at a coke oven by-product recovery facility. AB - Hematological findings on a population of 70 male workers exposed to benzene revealed no significant differences when compared statistically to a control group on the basis of estimated cumulative doses using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Dunnett's t statistic procedure. The hematological data evaluated included the following parameters: red blood cell counts, white blood cell counts, and hemoglobin levels. Cumulative benzene exposure indices for each employee were estimated utilizing available personal monitoring and general air sampling data, as well as the professional judgment of local environmental health engineers familiar with the operations. Although the accuracy of these exposure estimates is unknown, the results provide no evidence that the present OSHA standard (10 ppm) is inadequate with respect to the non-leukemogenic, hematotoxic effects of chronic benzene exposure. PMID- 6524962 TI - Increasing selenium in cigarettes and smoke: transfer to smoke. AB - The selenium content of some American tobaccos and cigarettes was determined. The quantities of added selenium that were transferred from cigarettes to inhaled, mainstream smoke were examined for several commercial and experimental cigarettes of different tar levels. For high-tar cigarettes, as much as 10% of added selenium was found in mainstream smoke, while low-tar cigarettes delivered about 3% of added selenium. Transfer rates of selenium to mainstream smoke are reported for various levels of fortification (0-25 micrograms/cigarette) and the rationale for selenium fortification is discussed. Based on highly favorable reports in the literature on the antitumor activity of selenium, the fortification of tobacco with selenium may become a viable way of producing a safer tobacco product. It is proposed that such selenium-fortified smoking products be developed and evaluated extensively. PMID- 6524963 TI - Effect of high-fat and high-protein diets on toxicity of parathion and dichlorvos. AB - Growing male rats that weighed 120 +/- 5 g were kept for 30 days on the following synthetic diets: high protein diet (HPD), 59% casein; high fat diet (HFD), 50% saturated fat; and normal diet (ND), 19% casein, 10% saturated fat, and 60% sucrose. Other essential dietary ingredients were included in all the diets. All animals were injected at the end of the 30-day period with parathion [10 mg/kg intraperitoneal (ip) injection as a single dose] or dichlorvos (30 mg/kg ip as a single dose) to compare the effect of dietary pretreatments on mortality from parathion and dichlorvos. A lower dose of parathion (7.5 mg/kg) and dichlorvos (20 mg/kg) was employed in another set of experiments to compare the spontaneous regeneration of plasma and red blood cell (RBC) cholinesterase (ChE) activity at 2 hr, 1 day, 3 days, and 5 days after administration of parathion or dichlorvos. The effect of these diets on hepatic microsomal oxidases was also determined. Results showed that diets per se did not affect initial plasma and RBC ChE activity. The HPD and HFD significantly protected against mortality from parathion but not from dichlorvos. Hepatic microsomal cytochrome P-450 and aminopyrine demethylase activity were unchanged, but aniline hydroxylase activity was increased significantly by HPD and HFD. Parathion oxidase in hepatic microsomes was significantly increased in rats fed HFD only. For the HPD, spontaneous regeneration of ChE diminished in RBCs in parathion-intoxicated rats and in plasma and RBCs of dichlorvos-intoxicated rats.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6524964 TI - The fatty acid composition of serum lecithin after pregnancy complicated by pre eclampsia. AB - Using gas-liquid chromatography the relative fatty acid composition of serum lecithin was measured in 22 women, during and after pregnancies complicated by pre-eclampsia, and the results were compared with those in 21 "normal" puerperal women. The increased values of 22:6 in the linolenic acid series found during pregnancy in women who had pre-eclampsia were also noted in the puerperium and the 22:6 value fell to normal more slowly. This might be due to an enhanced activity of the deacylation-reacylation cycle in this group of patients. All other fatty acids showed a rapid return to normal with values comparable to those of "normal" puerperal women 1 week after delivery. The differences in essential fatty acid distribution between normal and pre-eclamptic women did not seem to have a dietary cause. The prostaglandin precursors (arachidonic and dihomo-gamma linolenic acids) were not reduced during pre-eclampsia or in the puerperium. Neither breast-feeding nor treatment of hypertension with hydralazine seemed to influence the fatty composition of serum lecithin. PMID- 6524965 TI - Metastatic choriocarcinoma during normal pregnancy presenting as thyroid tumor. AB - A report of widely metastatic choriocarcinoma coexisting with a normal intrauterine pregnancy is presented. In this unusual case, a thyroid tumor was the presenting symptom. PMID- 6524966 TI - Treatment of normotensive and hypertensive patients with preterm labor using oral nifedipine, a calcium antagonist. AB - The calcium antagonist nifedipine was tried on 28 patients with preterm labor. In eight patients the disorder was also accompanied by hypertension. In 80% of the patients delivery could be postponed for more than 3 days during which time corticosteroids were given to accelerate fetal lung maturation. On average, delivery occurred 12 days after start of treatment (delay beyond 36 weeks gestation not being included in the calculations). All patients with increased blood pressure were normotensive within 12 h of the start of treatment. There were no serious maternal or fetal side effects and no perinatal deaths. At 2 and 6 months after delivery all women were normotensive and all children were alive and well. PMID- 6524967 TI - The circadian rhythms of serum prolactin in nurses working on a night shift. AB - The diurnal rhythm of serum prolactin levels was investigated in five night workers (night nurses). Maximal values were found during the day time sleep period. Besides this shift from night to day time, disturbances of the secretion pattern (i.e., 2 prolactin peaks, increased differences between maximal and minimal values) were observed in most cases. The abnormal prolactin rhythm remained constant throughout the night shift period in all but one case. PMID- 6524968 TI - Unconjugated oestriol in the cord blood of infants delivered by caesarean section at term. AB - Unconjugated oestriol levels in cord vein and artery and in retroplacental and maternal blood were measured in 43 women delivered by Caesarean section. The highest oestriol levels were found in retroplacental blood followed by decreasing levels in cord vein, cord artery, and maternal compartments respectively. A strong correlation was found between cord artery and maternal levels and significant correlations existed between cord vein and artery and maternal levels. This supports the suggestion of direct transmission of free oestriol across the placenta from the fetus into the mother. PMID- 6524969 TI - [Data on changes of position of the kidney in the development of the human fetus]. PMID- 6524970 TI - [Retrovesical hydatidosis. Report of 11 cases and review of the literature]. PMID- 6524971 TI - [Early surgical treatment in rupture of the corpus cavernosum of the penis]. PMID- 6524972 TI - [Epidemiology of urolithiasis in the province of Granada]. PMID- 6524973 TI - [Urodynamic exploration of the neurogenic bladder. V. Prognostic value of the neurologic level in relation to the urodynamic study]. PMID- 6524974 TI - [Endoscopic surgery in enteric bladder and urinary diversions]. PMID- 6524975 TI - [Germinal tumor of the testicle, renal adenocarcinoma and tumor of the contralateral superior urothelium in the same patient: infrequent association of tumoral pathology]. PMID- 6524976 TI - [Solitary cerebral metastasis of transitional carcinoma of the bladder: apropos of a case]. PMID- 6524977 TI - [Fibroepithelial polyp of the ureter]. PMID- 6524978 TI - [Ureteral valve. Report of a case]. PMID- 6524979 TI - Synovitis with non-specific histological changes in synovium in chronic sarcoidosis. AB - Polyarthritic episodes in seven patients during the course of chronic sarcoidosis involved the knees and less frequently other joints. Synovial effusions were non inflammatory or mildly inflammatory. Needle synovial biopsies 10 days to seven weeks after the onset of joint symptoms have revealed varying patterns, including mild lining cell proliferation, occasional vascular congestion, diffuse infiltrates with lymphocytes and histiocytes, but no granulomas. These studies show distinctly less inflammation than in rheumatoid arthritis. Granulomas need not be identifiable in synovium in all chronic sarcoidosis with arthritis. PMID- 6524980 TI - Influence of age of onset and patient's sex on the prevalence and severity of manifestations of Behcet's syndrome. AB - Eye disease, arthritis, folliculitis, and thrombophlebitis were more common among males, and erythema nodosum among females, in 297 patients with Behcet syndrome (BS) at their first visit despite an identical disease duration. Younger males and females (age of onset 24 years or less) had a higher prevalence of eye disease and total clinical activity than did the older patients (age of onset 25 years or more). Among the 51 patients followed up for 52 months (SD 7 months) the total clinical activity became significantly less (p less than 0.05) in the whole group at the end of this period. This was particularly true for older females. While male sex and a younger age of onset are associated with more severe disease in BS, overall, the syndrome ran an improving or stable course over 4 1/2 years. PMID- 6524981 TI - Human articular cartilage and fibrocartilage: a study with high-angle x-ray diffraction. AB - High-angle x-ray diffraction was applied to the study of four meniscal fibrocartilages and 11 articular cartilages from patients suffering from various articular disorders. In eight samples microcrystals were seen, apatite most frequently, CaHPO4 in two instances, calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate (CPPD) in one. These results confirm the association of various crystals in a single joint, and favour their heterogenous partition on collagen fibres. PMID- 6524982 TI - Bilharzial arthropathy. AB - The joints of 124 young adult patients with bilharziasis were examined. Heels, sacroiliac joints, cervical spine, knee joint, dorsal spine, and tarsal joints were affected. Biopsy of the knee synovia showed synovitis, vasculitis, and the presence of bilharzial ova in three cases. Radiologically the heels and sacroiliac joints showed inflammatory changes. Schistosomiasis may cause an arthropathy. PMID- 6524983 TI - Pressures under normal feet in standing and walking as measured by foil pedobarography. AB - An economical method of recording peak pressures under the feet while standing or walking is described for clinical application. Normal values at 10 defined locations are presented. Correlation matrices indicate functional links between regions of support which influence patterns of deviation from the norms. PMID- 6524984 TI - Characterisation of centromere (kinetochore) antigen reactive with sera of patients with a scleroderma variant (CREST syndrome). AB - Anticentromere (kinetochore) antibody is the marker antibody in CREST syndrome, but the precise molecular composition of the partner antigen has been poorly defined. This report describes for the first time a procedure for the successful extraction and biochemical characterisation of the centromere antigen molecule. The centromere antigen was extracted with 4M NaCl solution. The molecular weight of the partner antigen of the centromere antibody was determined to be 70 000 daltons by the SDS-PAGE and immunoblotting methods. A Sephacryl S-300 column experiment confirmed these results. Centromere antigenic activity was preserved at pHs between 3 and 11 and was resistant to three enzymes, trypsin, RNase, and DNase. PMID- 6524986 TI - Differential responses of human articular cartilage to retinol. AB - An in-vitro study has been made of the response of aged human articular cartilage to the catabolic agent retinol. Weight bearing cartilage from the femoral condyle degrades and releases proteoglycan with an associated reduction of sulphate incorporation. Similar cartilage from the femoral head responds to the retinol with an inhibition of sulphate incorporation but no degradation or loss of proteoglycan. Extraction of the proteoglycan from the femoral head samples failed to demonstrate any evidence of breakdown. PMID- 6524987 TI - Association between rheumatoid arthritis and chronic bronchial suppuration. PMID- 6524985 TI - Systemic lupus erythematosus and invasive thymoma: report of two cases. AB - Two cases of invasive thymoma in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) are described. In both instances the suspected diagnosis of a mediastinal tumour proved difficult to confirm. Neither surgical removal of the thymoma in one case nor irradiation in the other had any apparent clinical or serological effect on the course of the SLE. Both patients subsequently suffered from respiratory problems and the distinction between recurrent tumour and pulmonary involvement by SLE proved difficult. One patient had a good response, however, to pulse methylprednisolone, but the other later developed recurrence of tumour and died of Pneumocystis carinii infection following cytotoxic therapy three years after discovery of the tumour. PMID- 6524988 TI - Vertebral rim lesions in dorsolumbar spine. PMID- 6524989 TI - Colchicine in systemic amyloidosis. PMID- 6524991 TI - The chemotherapy of rodent malaria XXXVI. Part IV. The activity of a new 8 aminoquinoline, WR 225,448 against exo-erythrocytic schizonts of Plasmodium yoelii yoelii. AB - Light microscope and ultrastructural studies show that WR 225,448, an 8 aminoquinoline related to primaquine, causes substantial damage to developing pre erythrocytic (EE) schizonts of Plasmodium yoelii yoelii in the liver of young rats. In addition to lesions of the mitochondria and nuclear membranes, secretory granules in the parasite fail to reach the surrounding host cell cytoplasm across the parasite membrane. The effective dose of WR 225,448 is much lower than that of primaquine. However, hepatic damage is also seen in treated animals. This may be the summation of damage produced by the experimental inoculation of a large quantity of infective salivary gland tissue from mosquitoes (which is also seen in untreated animals) plus toxic effects of the drug itself. Particular attention would have to be directed to this aspect in preclinical toxicity testing of the compound. PMID- 6524992 TI - A complement fixation test for visceral leishmaniasis using homologous parasite antigen I. AB - The complement fixation test using homologous parasite antigen was evaluated in 60 individuals with confirmed visceral leishmaniasis and compared with the results obtained in individuals with other parasitic and infectious diseases; 88% of the confirmed cases of visceral leishmaniasis were positive whilst no positive reactions were observed in individuals with other infectious and parasitic diseases. The specificity was partially compromised by anticomplementary activity in 5%, limited to individuals with visceral leishmaniasis, and doubtful (2%) or sero-negative (7%) results. PMID- 6524990 TI - Is the working capacity of Liberian industrial workers increased by regular malaria prophylaxis? AB - In a study of the impact of malaria prophylaxis upon the physical working capacity of Liberian industrial workers, two groups of men, one with and the other without malaria prophylaxis, were compared over a period of one year. At the beginning and at the end of the study, the haemoglobin concentration, haematocrit, blood volume and physical performance--measured by bicycle ergometry and expressed as work load at heart rate 170--were compared. No significant differences were found, either within or between the two groups. Routinely distributed malaria prophylaxis thus seems to be of little importance with respect to working capacity in this type of community, where malaria is meso endemic. PMID- 6524993 TI - A complement fixation test for visceral leishmaniasis using homologous parasite antigen II. Results in an endemic area in Kenya. AB - Further studies of the complement fixation test using homologous parasite antigen in an endemic area for visceral leishmaniasis have showed that 82% of individuals with proven visceral leishmaniasis were positive initially whilst 92% were positive at some stage during their illness. Titres fell slowly following effective treatment and anticomplementary activity, confined to confirmed visceral leishmaniasis, was usually lost during treatment. Individuals with alternative causes of hepatosplenomegaly from the same population were negative apart from those with a presumptive diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis but without parasitological confirmation. Less than 1% of people in the same endemic area without visceral leishmaniasis were positive, suggesting that preliminary serodiagnostic investigation would limit the need for invasive investigation under field conditions. PMID- 6524995 TI - Survival to patency of low level infections with Trichuris muris in mice concurrently infected with Nematospiroides dubius. AB - Large, single-pulse laboratory infections with Trichuris muris are rejected by mice before patency, but low-level infections of fewer than 20 worms survive for long periods. Data are presented to show that the threshold at which an effective immune response takes place is significantly higher in mice concurrently infected with Nematospiroides dubius. In control CFLP mice trickle infections did not survive to maturity but in the slower responder C57 Bl10 mice egg production began on Day 35 and continued for a further seven weeks, with some mature worms present at autopsy. Concurrent infection with N. dubius resulted in trickle infections, T. muris surviving much better than in control mice, although these still showed some resistance to T. muris. It is suggested that the results support the hypothesis that T. muris elicits concomitant immunity in the host. Thus, the first worms to establish survive to patency at which time they can no longer be removed by the host, but once the immunological threshold has been exceeded incoming larvae are rejected by the host. Such a survival strategy would be very useful to T. muris in the wild. PMID- 6524994 TI - Investigation of possible zoonotic reservoirs of Indian kala-azar. AB - Possible animal reservoirs of Indian kala-azar were investigated during a recent outbreak of the disease; dogs, Rattus rattus and Bandicoota bengalensis were examined. Microscopical and serological examinations were carried out and antileishmanial antibodies found in five out of 226 B. bengalensis. PMID- 6524996 TI - Peritrophic membrane formation in three temperate simuliids, Simulium ornatum, S. equinum and S. lineatum, with respect to the migration of onchocercal microfilariae. AB - Engorged females of three temperate simuliid species, Simulium ornatum, S. lineatum and S. equinum, were collected immediately after their bloodfeeds from a cow host. Midguts were dissected out at selected time intervals thereafter, from two minutes to 24 hours post engorgement (p.e.) and peritrophic membrane formation observed. There was an initial rapid secretion of peritrophic membrane (PM) material from the midgut epithelium. The peritrophic membrane produced is Type 1, being formed by delamination from the entire midgut epithelium. This secretory phase continued for approximately two hours p.e. in all three species and was followed by a period of organization within the membrane. At between 12 and 24 hours p.e., the PM appeared more organized and was associated with the formation of several distinct laminae in both S. ornatum and S. lineatum, although in S. equinum it consisted of only a single homogenous layer. Both the rate of secretion and the resulting morphological appearance of the PM appeared species-specific and there was great variation in its thickness in all three species at all time intervals examined. It is suggested that microfilariae penetrate the PM during the initial period of its secretion before it has condensed to form a distinct structure. Furthermore, the migration of microfilariae may be restricted to, or enhanced by, the presence of very thin areas within the membrane where erythrocytes lie almost adjacent to the midgut epithelium. PMID- 6524997 TI - Fluctuation of ELISA and skin biopsy results in individual inhabitants re examined after several months in the endemic area of Guatemalan onchocerciasis. PMID- 6524998 TI - The propensity of biological aging. AB - From birth to death life represents a structural connection of events, regardless of the space of time separating them. The potentiality of a living system is a finite one. It can only be finite since infinity cannot be achieved by a progression of finite elements. Ontogenesis then ends when the potentiality of the organism is fully realized and has reached an optimum, the highest level of bionomical order (Kment, in prep.), which corresponds to the vitality maximum (Beier, 1980). In attacking the problem of probability statements in their most general form, Popper (1959) developed the "propensity interpretation of probability". In my opinion, the disposition towards aging, or, in other terms, the propensity of biological aging, also has to be regarded as a reality--as a biological reality. Since the propensity of aging is viewed as a measure of a disposition, we also have to deal with two questions in order to accept it as a biological reality: Is there any measure of biological aging which can be defined operationally? Is there an operational definition possible of the propensity of biological aging? The acceptance of the concept of propensity in biomedical gerontology, will make it necessary to comment anew on the unsolved problem of a general definition of aging. PMID- 6524999 TI - Changes in hypnotic usage in residential homes for the elderly: a longitudinal study. AB - The use of hypnotic drugs in 25 local authority homes for the elderly was recorded on a 1-day point prevalence study following a 6-mth monitoring programme involving all new admissions. From a total population of 1114 residents 390 (35%) were taking hypnotics on the night of the survey, showing a slight increase from similar surveys carried out in 1980 and 1981. The proportion of residents receiving hypnotics within each home varied from 0.0 to 61.8%. Correlation with levels of usage in the previous surveys was low, suggesting that pattern of hypnotic usage may change considerably over time within individual homes. Of the 156 residents who were admitted as permanent residents during the 6-mth period preceding the survey, 56 (35.9%) had been taking hypnotics on admission. Both the results of the drug monitoring programme and the survey show an association between hypnotic usage and source of admission: residents admitted from hospital being more likely to be taking sleeping tablets. A considerable change was found in the type of hypnotic currently prescribed with an increased preference being shown for short half-life hypnotics. A higher proportion of residents also were prescribed lower doses of hypnotics than previously, suggesting an increased awareness of the risks associated with hypnotic use in the elderly. PMID- 6525000 TI - Effect of a training programme for pensioners on condition and muscular strength. AB - Physical training was performed by 22 women aged between 63 and 84 yr and 4 men aged between 74 and 86 yr twice a week for 10 mths. Some subjects had moderate disorders but all of them lived in their own homes. Apart from using body weight and elastic bands, no special equipment was used as resistance. Emphasis was laid on training muscular strength and not especially on endurance training. The effect of the training on physical fitness and muscular strength is presented in the 15 women who, according to predetermined criteria, were able to perform the tests adequately. A conditioning effect was detected by using a product of watts and minutes. The static and dynamic (isokinetic) muscular strength in the knee extensors increased (6-13%) and, parallel with this, there was an increase in the relative FTa fibre area in the vastus lateralis muscle. The training programme in this study seems to be safe for an older population with diverse disorders, as only one negligible medical incident occurred. The present findings, with objective improvement in physical fitness with training combined with feelings of increased vigour, supports the use of gymnastic activity for pensioners and other means of stimulating the elderly to keep physically active even when they have moderate disorders. Improved physical fitness may help to prevent age-dependent impairments. PMID- 6525001 TI - Effects of a training programme for elderly people on mineral content of the heel bone. AB - Physical inactivity can cause rapid bone loss. Different forms of physical activity are recommended for osteoporosis. The scientific background for such recommendations, however, is usually weak. This study was performed to evaluate whether it is possible to influence bone mineral content in elderly people by regular exercise. A total of 15 women with a mean age of 72 yr took part in a study in which they were given 1 h of training twice a week for 9 mth. Physically inactive patients from an outpatient geriatric unit served as a control group. They were matched in age and did not suffer from diseases that affect the locomotor system. After 10 mth of training no significant increase in bone mineral content, measured in the heel bone, could be found among the participants in the training group. Bone mineral content in the trained subjects was however, significantly higher after this training period than in the control group. The decrease in bone mineral content in the control group was almost the same as in a representative group of the population aged 70 to 79 yr. The cause of the decreased loss of bone mineral content in the physically-active subjects in the study could not be determined, but some contributing factors are discussed. Thus, it appears that physical activity diminishes bone loss due to age and that physical training has a positive effect on bone mineral content compared to that of nonactive controls of the same age. As there are no negative side effects, it has advantages over other forms of therapy, such as pharmacological treatment. PMID- 6525002 TI - The digitoxin metabolism in isolated hepatocytes from young and old male Wistar rats. AB - The metabolism of digitoxin (Dt3) in isolated hepatocyte preparations was studied in young (3-mth-old) male and female rats, young castrated (3-mth-old) male rats and old (22- to 28-mth-old) male rats. When hepatocytes were incubated with [3H]Dt3, the predominant metabolite of Dt3 was digitoxigenin-bis-digitoxoside (Dt2) which was 70-90% of the total metabolites in the three male rat groups. Only in the young female rat group was the proportion of Dt2 (40%) slightly exceeded by that of digoxigenin-bis-digitoxoside (Dg2) (50%). A kinetic analysis for Dt3 degradation velocity obtained from studies using different Dt3 concentrations in old male rats yielded a Vmax of only 21% of the young value. In young castrated males, the Vmax also decreased to 13% of the young non-castrated males, which is approaching the young female value. The changes were primarily due to the decline of Dt2 formation velocity in these groups. Apparent Km values also decreased with both castration and aging. The plasma testosterone levels which were much higher in young male rats than in female rats became significantly lower in young castrated rats as well as in old male rats. The results suggest that apparent decreases in Vmax and Km values observed in old male rats for Dt3 metabolic degradation may be at least partly through the steroidal hormone control, presumably, the decline of androgenic induction during aging. PMID- 6525003 TI - Degenerative deformations of the acromioclavicular joint in the elderly. AB - The authors performed radiological and locomotor examinations of the acromioclavicular joint in relatively high numbers of unselected elderly patients. Data are presented on the incidence, distribution by age, localization and clinical symptoms of arthrosis. Finally the gerontological importance of this particular region is stressed. PMID- 6525004 TI - Differential effects of calcium removal on acetylcholine- and potassium-induced contractions of rat ileal smooth muscle. AB - The contractile responses to 10(-6)M acetylcholine (Ach) and 100 mM K+ solution have been studied in the rat ileal smooth muscle exposed to calcium-free media (with or without 1.0 mM EGTA) to further examine the calcium pools mobilized by these agents for activation of contraction. Both stimulants produced contractions in Ca-free media, only in the absence of EGTA. The phasic component of the contractile responses to Ach as well as the tonic component of K+-induced contractions were relatively resistant to short periods of Ca-free exposure; this suggests that Ach mobilizes Ca from some tightly-bound or intracellular pool, whereas high-K+ contraction involves mobilization of Ca from some superficial or loosely-bound pool. Both Ach and high-K+ still caused phasic contractions following D600 treatment, with high-K+ stimulation also maintaining a tonic component, suggesting that in this tissue, high-K+ contractions are relatively resistant to calcium deficiency compared to Ach. PMID- 6525005 TI - Differences between the effects of phenylephrine and other inotropic interventions on post-rest contraction in guinea-pig ventricular strips. AB - The influence of several inotropic interventions on the strength of the post-rest contraction (PCR) was studied in isolated guinea-pig ventricular strips. In preparations stimulated at 1 Hz and incubated in 3.6 mM Ca++, the PRC-maximum potentiation was obtained after a rest interval of 2 sec (optimum resting time: ORT); a post-rest potentiation was present until 15 sec of rest. An increase in stimulation rate and in Ca++ concentration induced a shift in the ORT towards 15 20 sec, and an increase in the potentiation of PRC. At a low stimulation rate (0.33 Hz) the PRC was lower than steady-state contraction (SSC) at all rest intervals tested. Phenylephrine (5 X 10(-6) M) did not modify the ORT either at 1 or 2.5 Hz, and reduced the height of PRC at 0.33, 1 and 2.5 Hz. These results are discussed in terms of the different effects induced by the various inotropic interventions on cellular calcium availability. PMID- 6525006 TI - Deficiency of external Ca and Mg increases membrane permeability in the vascular smooth muscle of rabbit aorta. AB - Effects of a 60 min incubation in Ca- and/or Mg-deficient solutions on the ion contents in vascular smooth muscle of rabbit aorta were examined. In Mg-deficient solution, resting tone of the muscle did not change. Ca-deficient solution increased, whereas Ca- and Mg-deficient solution decreased the resting tone. Ca deficient solution increased and Ca- and Mg-deficient solution further increased cellular Na content whereas Ca-deficient solution decreased and Ca- and Mg deficient solution further decreased the cellular K content. Mg-deficient solution did not change the ion contents. Application of hyperosmotic 160 mM NaCl elicited a contraction and a decrease in wet weight of the tissue in normal and Mg-deficient solutions. In Ca-deficient solution both the contraction and the loss of wet weight were attenuated. In Ca- and Mg-deficient solution, the contraction became smaller and the change in the wet weight was not observed. Loss of tissue Mg in Mg-deficient solution was increased when Ca was removed from the medium. Cellular 45Ca uptake increased after a 60 min treatment of the muscle in Ca-deficient solution and in Ca- and Mg-deficient solution. It is concluded that Ca- and Mg-depletion increases membrane permeability to mono- and divalent cations in rabbit aorta. Although Mg depletion alone does not seem to change the membrane permeability, Mg decreases the membrane permeability in the absence of Ca. PMID- 6525007 TI - Radical scavenging action of flunarizine in rat brain in vitro. AB - In view of recent investigations suggesting that generation of free radicals with subsequent peroxidative disintegration of cellular membranes may be involved in ischemic brain damage, free radical scavenging or antioxidant activity of flunarizine, a calcium-entry blocker with brain protective effects, was investigated in vitro. The experimental systems used were 1) prevention of autoxidation in rat brain homogenate, 2) prevention of lipid peroxidation and swelling induced by Fe2+ and ascorbic acid in rat brain mitochondria, and 3) radical scavenging action against diphenyl-p-picrylhydrazyl, a stable free radical. Although flunarizine was shown to be active in any system, the most pronounced activity of this compound was elicited in the mitochondria, where it was three times greater than that of alpha-tocopherol, a typical intracellular antioxidant. This suggests that the free radical scavenging or antioxidant activity of flunarizine may play a role in its brain protective action. PMID- 6525008 TI - Effect of piracetam on motor activity of spinal cord injured rabbits. AB - Experimental, lumbal spinal cord compact injury provoked by a strike of 71 p.cm caused a spontaneously irreversible paraplegy in rabbits. Motor activity of injured rabbits was controlled during nine posttraumatic days. Piracetam significantly reduced motor dysfunction of the hind legs. Piracetam (2 g.kg-1) was given i.v., once per day during nine posttraumatic days. The beneficial effect of piracetam was more pronounced when the delay between trauma and the onset of drug administration was shorter. When this delay amounted to 360 minutes, piracetam did not influence significantly motor activity of contusioned animals. No side effects of piracetam were observed. PMID- 6525009 TI - Effect of propranolol in dinitrophenol poisoning. AB - The effect of the beta-blocker propranolol (PR) in sublethal poisoning with 2, 4, dinitrophenol (DNP) was studied on carbohydrate kinetics in dogs. Parameters of glucose and lactate turnovers were measured by using a mixture of 3-3H-glucose and 14C-lactate according to the primed constant rate infusion technics. Participation of plasma glucose in lactate production (% L----G) and the rate of peripheral glycogenolysis (GLY) was estimated in experiments using a mixture of 3 3H-glucose and 14C-glucose (U). PR did not interfere with the DNP-induced rise of body temperature (+ 4 degrees C), but completely blocked the rise of lactate production, the lactacidemia and the rise of GLY seen in DNP treated controls. PR significantly increased %L----G, prolonged the DNP induced hyperphosphataemia and it caused a decline of plasma glucose. The effects of the beta-blocker could be overcome by increasing the rate of DNP infusion. It is concluded that in DNP poisoning the beta-adrenergic system plays a major role in the elevated peripheral glycogenolysis and it helps to compensate for the loss of mitochondrial synthesis of ATP by greatly accelerating its cytoplasmic synthesis. PMID- 6525010 TI - [Morpho-functional considerations on the temporomandibular joint in man]. PMID- 6525011 TI - [Behavior of mastocytes in rat lymph nodes under various experimental conditions]. PMID- 6525012 TI - [Scanning electron microscopy of the rectal mucosa after ureterorectostomy]. PMID- 6525013 TI - [Congenital malformation concomitant with eventration of the diaphragmatic muscle]. PMID- 6525015 TI - [Morphological and morphometric analysis of the chick embryo intestine in organotypic culture after laser irradiation]. PMID- 6525014 TI - [Changes in the structure of osteonic bone in industrial fluorosis]. PMID- 6525016 TI - [Hanging: suicide or homicide?]. AB - Death by Hanging: Suicide or Homicide. Six cases of homicidal hanging and murder presented as suicidal hanging are recorded. Suspension followed strangulation by ligature or throttling and head injuries in 4 cases. Distinction between homicide and suicide was easy in 5 cases: two of the perpetrators gave themselves up to the police, one committed suicide immediately after he had hanged his 15 year old daughter; in two cases tracks of blood, heavy injuries of the victims, and traces of robbery were obvious. Unless the victim is an infant or an adult person incapacitated by drink, disease, or drugs, or unless there are several assailants murder is difficult to accomplish. Distinction between murder and suicide may be impossible by an examination of the body alone. Detailed investigation of the scene, reconstruction of the position of the suspended body, examination of the rope, the knots, the direction of the fibres on the rope may serve to discover homicidal hanging. - Compared to suicidal hanging homicide has a frequency of about 1% in our autopsy material. However, we cannot estimate the number of obscure cases. PMID- 6525017 TI - [Roentgen microanalysis of dental alloys as an aid to identification]. AB - In cases of complicated identification the energy dispersive microanalysis of the dental metals may give further informations than usual descriptions of teeth including X-rays. PMID- 6525018 TI - [Forms of drug crimes. A criminologic contribution on the manifestations of the criminal production and distribution of drugs as well as their practical significance]. PMID- 6525019 TI - Investigations on the instability of drug sensitivity in dependence on culture and transplantation conditions in case of a human lung carcinoma. AB - Changes of biological properties, DNA-distribution patterns and drug sensitivity testing in vivo and in vitro after different culture and transplantation conditions in case of a human lung carcinoma are described. While DNA distribution patterns of cells before any culture (OSC, TC 0) showing two clearly different aneuploid cell populations (DNA-index DI: 3.9 and 4.9), cells after 8 passages (TC 8) in vitro demonstrate only one cell population. These cells do not differ from double value (4C) of diploid cells (2C). DNA-distribution patterns of cells of solid tumors grown in nude mice (nu/nu 2089-1) show a cell population with DI 6.3. In line with these results, cells and tissues after different culture and transplantation conditions exhibit variable drug sensitivities. The lung carcinoma (OSC) shows clear reactions measured either by 3H-thymidine or 3H deoxyuridine in the presence of Cyclophosphamide and Methotrexate. Adriblastin and 5-Fluorouracil did not show any effects after 48 hours treatment. Cultivated cells (TC 8) were sensitive against all antineoplastic drugs tested. Tumor tissue grown in nude mice (nu/nu 2089-1) shows the strongest effect after 5-Fluorouracil treatment both in vitro and in vivo. Selection of different cell population were discussed with regard to these findings. PMID- 6525021 TI - [Morphological studies on Jensen sarcoma in the rat under artificial short-term hyperglycemia]. AB - Possible actions of artificial short-time hyperglycaemia, which is tested as an adjunctive measure in various therapeutical concepts of tumours (for instance in combination with oncolytic apathogenic Clostridia), were checked by histomorphological investigations in Jensen sarcoma of rats. The glucose-induced hyperglycaemia caused a considerable increase of the extend of necrosis in the whole tumour. These morphological findings gave evidence of the high tumour selectivity of the provable effects of artificial short-time hyperglycaemia. PMID- 6525020 TI - Immunological reactivity of tumor associated glycoproteins prepared by affinity chromatography. AB - Crude 3M KCl extracts prepared from tumor tissue and ascitic tumor cells of methylnitrosourea-induced fibrosarcoma of CBA mice or of a human stomach adenocarcinoma were gelfiltrated on Ultrogel AcA 34. Single fractions of these preparations were incubated with spleen cells of tumor bearing mice or blood peripheral lymphocytes. The response was detected by MEM-technique. Antigenic activities were found in molecular weight ranges from 200 to 300 kD (P1) and from 40 to 70 kD (P2). Single glycoproteins of the P1- and P2-fractions could be separated by affinity chromatography on immobilized D-galactose specific mistletoe lectin I, as detected by electrophoresis on microgradient gels (1.2 40%) or on SDS polyacrylamide slab gels. Especially the isolated glycoproteins of the P1-fractions are responsible for the observed antigenic reactivity, assayed in vitro by the MEM-technique and in vivo by foot pad swelling test. PMID- 6525023 TI - Comparison of cancer mortality among regions with different quality of data. PMID- 6525022 TI - [Complex diagnosis of bronchial cancer]. AB - The necessity and the value of early complex diagnostics of the bronchial carcinoma as a supposition for an optimal treatment is discussed. To avoid any delay, an immediate admission to a high specialized clinic, where all necessary diagnostic methods are available, must be desired. Our own investigations show the importance of several symptoms often neglected. A view of the diagnostic methods in use since many years and their results are given. Endoscopy and endoscopic biopsies are further indispensable methods with a high diagnostic yield in the diagnosis of bronchial carcinoma. The use and the efficiency of different methods depend on an exact clinical and radiological localization of the tumor. PMID- 6525024 TI - Investigations on derivatives of 5-aminomethyl-6-/p-chloro-phenyl/-4, 5-dihydro 2H-pyridazin-3-one. AB - Several new derivatives of 5-aminomethyl-6-/p-chlorophenyl/-4, 5-dihydro-2H pyridazin-3-one have been obtained. The substrates, beta-aminomethyl-beta-/p chlorobenzoyl/-propionic acid derivatives 1-5, were converted by reactions with hydrazine hydrate or monosubstituted hydrazines, i.e. phenylhydrazine and N-/beta hydroxyethyl/-hydrazine into appropriate derivatives of 5-aminomethyl-6-/p chlorophenyl/-4,5-dihydro-2H-pyridazin-3-one 6-18. Compounds 7, 8, 11, 12, 14, 15, and 18 show depressant activity on CNS, while compounds 7a, 9a, 10, 11, 14, 15 possess cytostatic and immunosuppressive activities. PMID- 6525025 TI - New 2-substituted derivatives of 5-aminomethyl-6-/p-chlorophenyl/-4,5-dihydro-2H pyridazin-3-one. AB - Several new 2-substituted derivatives of 5-aminomethyl-6-/p-chlorophenyl/-4,5 dihydro-2H-pyridazin-3-one were synthesized. The derivatives of 5-aminomethyl-6 /p-chlorophenyl/-4,5-dihydro-2H-pyridazin-3-one (1-4) were used as the substrates. These compounds were converted by the reactions of cyanoethylation, hydroxymethylation and aminomethylation into appropriate 2-substituted derivatives of 5-aminomethyl-6-/p-chlorophenyl/-4,5-dihydro-2H-pyridazin-3-one (5 28). Some of these compounds (5, 9 and 16) show anticonvulsant activity, while compounds 6, 7, 11-13 and 20 possess immunosuppressive activity. PMID- 6525027 TI - Haptoglobin and copper in adjuvant arthritis during the ibuprofen therapy. AB - Anti-inflammatory effect of ibuprofen was studied on the model of adjuvant arthritis. Its effectiveness was evaluated on the basis of morphological and biochemical indices. The values of haptoglobin and copper in the blood serum were shown to well correlate to clinical exacerbation of adjuvant disease. Haptoglobin appeared to be the index of particular value. PMID- 6525026 TI - Studies on the anti-inflammatory and immunotropic effect of gold salts. AB - The experiments carried out in vitro and in vivo aimed at evaluation of the effect of the selected gold salts on the experimental inflammatory reactions and cellular immune reactions, specific and nonspecific. The preparations investigated appeared to inhibit relatively weakly nonspecific inflammatory processes (granulation test, lysozym level) but to strongly inhibit the cellular immune reactions (GvH reaction, LNPF test, contact hypersensitivity). The possible mechanisms of the gold salts effect are discussed which were shown neither to consist in the stabilization of cell membranes nor to act through the thymus factors or the influence on quantitative relations between T and B lymphocytes. A suggestion has been put forward that gold salts exert direct effect on the mature final cells participating in the immune processes. PMID- 6525028 TI - The effect of cyclophosphamide on artificial metastases formation in the lungs of Balb/c mice. AB - Cyclophosphamide (CY) administration prior to intravenous tumor cells injection resulted in a rapid increase of the number of neoplastic nodules in the lungs. It was tested whether the elimination of the possible suppressive effect of CY on the immunological system by reconstitution of the animals with the spleen lymphocytes would diminish CY effect and reduce the number of tumor nodules in the lungs. This procedure only partially eliminates the effect of the growing number of artificial metastases. PMID- 6525029 TI - Conformational equilibria in flunitrazepam due to sp2-sp2 carbon-carbon single bond rotational isomerism. PMID- 6525030 TI - [2 cases of Japanese pear (Pyrus serotina) pollinosis]. PMID- 6525031 TI - [Methods for analysing acute effects of air pollutants and weather conditions on childhood asthma]. PMID- 6525032 TI - [Asthma and infection. Part 2. Immunoglobulin E response during mycoplasma pneumoniae infections]. PMID- 6525033 TI - [The model of experimental cedar pollinosis and cedar pollen asthma and its homocytotropic antibodies]. PMID- 6525035 TI - Relationship of blood lead and manganese in occupationally unexposed subjects. PMID- 6525034 TI - Studies on the functional mechanism of cholestatic factor. PMID- 6525036 TI - [Injuries due to laser rays in workers in the graphics industry]. PMID- 6525037 TI - [Chronic respiratory diseases in female workers due to cotton dust in the Textile Industry Zemun]. PMID- 6525038 TI - [Injuries in agricultural workers]. PMID- 6525039 TI - [Features of the histotopography of proteins in human chorionic and placental tissues at different stages of normal and pathologic development]. AB - Contents of total, basic and acidic proteins have been studied in the human chorionic tunic at successive stages of a normal embryogenesis and at certain types of pathological pregnancy by means of histochemical methods. According to the staining degree, there is certain heterogeneity of the villi at various differentiation levels. An essential decrease in intensity of histochemical reactions is revealed in the chorionic villi at stillbirth and tetania gravidatum. The peculiarities in histotopography of the proteins and aminoacids studied reflect principle histochemical and structural reconstructions of the chorionic villi at various stages of normal and pathological pregnancy. PMID- 6525040 TI - [Spatial localization of proliferating and dying cells in the developing hippocampus in the mouse]. AB - Mapping on arrangement of mitoses (M) and pyknoses (P) has been performed in the mouse developing hippocamp. Analysis on the M arrangement confirms the data known on the hippocampal germinative zones and time of their reduction in the mouse ontogenesis. Previously unknown germinative zone of Ammon's horn has been revealed--the suprafimbrial zone that exists since the 16th day of embryogenesis up to the 7th postnatal day. Analysis on the P arrangement demonstrates that they appear in the hippocampal germinative zones during the perinatal periods. Localization of the P corresponding to that of the M agree with the data on "mitotic" death of the germinative and glial cells in the developing brain. PMID- 6525041 TI - [Changes in the hydrodynamic resistance of collaterals after ligation of the femoral artery]. AB - After ligation of the femoral artery in 12 dogs anatomical changes of the collaterals 1 month after the operation are accompanied with 18-fold decrease of hydrodynamic resistance in them as compared to the initial one. The shifts observed in 96% are the results of dilatation occurring in the intramuscular interarterial anastomoses. Dilatation of the intramuscular arteries, situating more distally to the anastomosis zone and experiencing a decreased arterial pressure, is also observed, as it is in proximal vessels, situating in the zone of an increased blood pressure. Despite the essential shifts, the blood flow capacity of the collaterals even 1 month after the operation is still 500 times as small as that of the intact femoral artery. PMID- 6525042 TI - [Ultrastructural features of femoral artery myocytes during experimental leg lengthening]. AB - Femoral arteries in mature dogs have been studied electron microscopically at various stages of the shin lengthening performed after G. A. Ilizarov method. Certain ultrastructural signs demonstrating biosynthetic and secretory activation of myocytes directed to intensification of elastogenetic processes have been revealed. Immature elastic fibers are forming around myocytes as aggregations of microfibrils, later accumulations of amorphous material appear in them. On the 28th, 42d days of distraction, hyperproduction of intra- and extracellular vesicles is noted, as well as that of intracellular matrix. Cytoplasmic islets of myocytes and intercellular connections increase in number. In the subintimal layer, of the tunica media and at its border with adventitium, longitudinally situating fasciculi of smooth muscle cells are forming. The myocytic ultrastructural peculiarities noted, the new formations of elastic elements depend, at early stages of the experiment, on changes of regional hemodynamics, and at advanced stages - also on the effect of longitudinally acting tension stress. PMID- 6525043 TI - [Topographic features of the organization of lymphatic capillaries and lipid resorption in the jejunal villi of the white rat]. AB - As demonstrate serial semithin sections and transmissive electron microscopy, there is not one but a group (2-7) of lymphatic capillaries with anastomoses between them in the villus of the white rat jejunum. In the superior parts of the villus the lumen in the lymphatic capillaries is maximal, and their distance to the epithelial basal membrane of the anterior and posterior surfaces is small. In the inferior part of the villus, when the size of the lumen in the lymphatic microvessels is minimal, the greatest distance between them and the basal membrane of epithelium covering the mentioned surfaces of the villus is noted. In the superior and middle parts of the villus paracellular transport of lipids from the interstitial space into the lumen of the lymphatic capillaries predominate, in the inferior part--transcellular is the main way of transport. The topographic peculiarities of the lymphatic microvessels in the superior and middle parts of the villus make, in combination with the active paracellular transport, the morphological basis of a more intensive absorbtion of lipids from the intestinal lumen. PMID- 6525044 TI - [Structural changes and hemodynamic relations in the microcirculatory bed of the mesentery of the white rat during the period of sexual maturation]. AB - Structural changes and hemodynamic relations have been studied in the microcirculatory bed of the white rat small intestine mesentery during sex maturation (from the 3d up to the 10th week of the postnatal development). All calculations are performed regarding the mesenteric segment limited with two intestinal arteries, which is considered as an elementary microvascular module. Complication of the microcirculatory bed construction takes place at the expense of increasing number (nearly five-fold) of microvessels in the segment and increase of the capillary network density. The hemodynamic factor plays a certain role for stimulating the process of the capillary growth. The definitive structure of the mesenteric microcirculatory bed is completed by the 7th week. The main rearrangement of the microcirculatory system during the developmental process from a simple arterio-venular loop up to a complex microcirculatory bed with a branching capillary network is performed within the limits of the mesenteric segment. PMID- 6525046 TI - [Formation of the skeletal system of white rat and golden hamster embryos during experimental hypovitaminosis B1]. AB - In pregnant females B1-hypovitaminosis was induced by injecting various doses of oxythiamine--a specific antimetabolite for B1 vitamin. The rat and hamster embryos were respectively treated on the 20th and 15th days of development after the technique suggested by Dauson-Dyban with staining the osseous anlages of the skeletons with alizarine red. The results of the investigations performed in 193 skeletons of the rat embryos and in 196 skeletons of the golden hamster embryos revealed a progressive decrease, as the dose of oxythiamine increased, in length of ossification anlages of the extremity bones. However, susceptibility to lesions in various bones of the extremity and skull skeletons was not similar under conditions of progressive oxythiamine-induced B1-hypovitaminosis and depended on time of their anlage formations. PMID- 6525045 TI - [Localization of catecholamines, serotonin, histamine and acetylcholinesterase in human peripheral blood structures]. AB - By means of various histochemical methods localization of biologically active compounds in structure of peripheral blood of 66 practically healthy persons have been studied. In the blood structures studied (plasma, erythrocytes, neutrophilic granulocytes, lymphocytes) catecholamines, serotonin, histamine and acetylcholinesterase are distributed unevenly. In leucocytes their content is the greatest. PMID- 6525048 TI - [Formation of spinal cord cicatrix under various experimental conditions]. AB - Structure of the cat spinal cord scar has been studied by means of light and electron microscopy after its lateral hemisection, complete dissection and hemisection in combination with autotransplantation of the sympathetic ganglion, which keeps its connection with the sympathetic trunk, into the cut of the spinal cord. Three zones are revealed in the scar: central (connective tissue), intermediate (glio-connective tissue) and peripheral (zone of glio-cystous and reactive changes of the nervous tissue). Peculiarities of intercellular reactions are revealed in the process of formation of various zones in the scar and their dependence on the type of the experiment. In the experiments with autotransplantation of the sympathetic ganglion into the spinal cord, a definite possibility to restrict scarry changes of the spinal cord is demonstrated in connection with improving reinnervation and revascularization of the traumatized segment. PMID- 6525049 TI - [Desmosome-like junctions of neurons in the anterior lobe of the cerebellum in the rat]. AB - At electron microscopical investigation together with common desmosome-like connections, certain contact formations have been revealed, they possessing other morphological properties. These contact formations present themselves as areas of specialized plasmic membranes of perikaryons of neighbouring granular cells. From cytoplasm of both neurons subsuperficial flattened cisterns adjoin the contact area, thus forming together with the plasmic membranes a structure consisting of 11 layers. These specific connections of the neuronal membrane, having a more complex organization than desmosomes, participate in intracellular transport. PMID- 6525047 TI - [Topography of cholinergic neurons in the brain stem of the human fetus]. AB - Cholinacetyltransferase (ChAT) activity has been studied in 56 nuclei of the cerebral trunk in human fetuses at the age of 6-8 lunar months. Cytoplasmic and synaptic ChAT activity has been revealed and three types of neurons for cholinergic synaptic transmission has been distinguished. There are only cholinergic-noncholinoceptive neurons in five macrocellular nuclei of the cranial nerves. In 25 nuclei (paravicellular, reticular, pigmented, sensitive nuclei of the cranial nerves, nuclei of the funiculi posterior and some other switching centres) there are only noncholinergic-cholinoceptive neural cells. In 16 nuclei there are three, and in 8 nuclei--two types of cells. Either noncholinergic cholinoceptive or cholinergic-noncholinoceptive cells predominate; there is no predominance of cholinergic-cholinoceptive neurons in any of the nuclei. Mapping on the position of the cholinergic synaptic transmission neurons in the cerebral trunk is composed. PMID- 6525050 TI - [Relation between morphologic reactive rearrangement of neuronal elements and their specific surface]. AB - A great vuendorability of thin terminal neural processes as compared to thick fibers or neural cell bodies has been proved. This phenomenon does not depend on whether this very structure is pre- or postsynaptic. It is not connected with distance of the structures from the nucleus-containing area, and is, evidently, stipulated by their geometrical parameters, in particular, by their specific surface (dispersivity). By means of mathematical models it is demonstrated that geometry of the terminal fibrillae contributes to most rapid diffusion through neurolemma and saturation of their neuroplasm with toxic agents. Thus, indissoluble connection between the structure and some functional processes in the neuron at its reactive rearrangement is demonstrated. PMID- 6525051 TI - [Features of the intima of veins of the human vertebral canal]. AB - The veins of the human vertebral canal have a complex internal structure that is stipulated with presence of a large amount of variable in form, size and position formations--plates, trabecules, complex and combined forms, parietal reticularity, cristae and valves. The data on peculiarities of macro microconstruction of these structures, amount and their localization in various veins and parts of the vertebral canal are presented. Having analysed the data obtained, it is possible to divide the vertebral canal veins into three morphofunctional segments--superior (for the space of C1-C6), middle (C7-Th5) and inferior (Th6 and lower), possessing various hemodynamic characteristics Department of Human Anatomy, Medical Institute, Blagoveshchensk. PMID- 6525052 TI - [Spatial organization of the lesser peritoneal sac during the early stages of human ontogeny]. AB - In 63 series of histological sections of human embryos and prefetuses (4-13 weeks) and in 30 corpses of fetuses and stillborns it has been stated that during the 4th week certain changes occur resulting in formation of the lesser peritoneal sac. It further develops into 3 sections: vestibulum bursae omentalis, bursa omentalis proper and cavity of the omentum majus. Spatial-temporal organization of the lesser peritoneal sac is neither connected with development of separate organs or structures, nor with independent growth, but with the process of development of the whole organocomplex of the upper part of the abdominal cavity, formation of topography and organs' fixation, growth peculiarities of the dorsal mesogastrium. The bursa omentalis proper is forming at the expense of retransformation of the hepatogastric pocket, dependent on growth of the dorsal mesogastrium and on a change in the stomach position. The vestibulum bursae omentalis appears in connection with development and formation of the liver topography, lesser omentum and duodenum. The right pulmoesophagial pocket is interrupted by a developing diaphragm with formation of the superior torsion of the bursa omentalis. Disorders in fixation processes of the organs in the superior part of the abdominal cavity and formation of the bursa omentalis topography can serve as a morphological prerequisite for cysts developing in the retroperitoneal space and hernias of the foramen epiploicum. PMID- 6525053 TI - [Morphometric study of skeletal muscle of Gallus domesticus denervated during the early stages of ontogeny]. AB - The musculus soleus has been studied in 19-day-old embryos, 4-day-old and 10-day old independently hatched chickens, that are subjected to a complete dissection of their sciatic nerve on the 18th day of development. Dynamics of changes in the muscle fiber diameter (MFD) are statistically evaluated in control animals and also in the operated muscle (OM) and in the contralateral (CL) extremity of the experimental animals. In the OM, the MFD is changing step-by-step, decreasing noticeably by the end of the observations. This demonstrates an increasing atrophy of the muscle fibers (MF). In the CL of 1- and 4-day-old chickens the MF hypertrophy is revealed, the latter is connected with a natural physical loading on the CL during hatching. As demonstrated the results on dynamic changes of statistic moments of higher order (asymmetry and excess), as well as comparison ranges of the MF distribution classes participating in atrophy and hypertrophy processes, it is possible to conclude that by hatching in the muscles studied various MF groups are forming, they differ in their level of differentiation and functional properties. Taking into account the literature data, a conclusion is made that functional stabilization of the MF at the final stages of their differentiation and appearance during this period of ontogenesis certain compensatory reactions--an ability of the embryonal muscles to be subjected to hypertrophy in response to an increased loading--is performed with participation of some central regulatory mechanisms that have maturated by that time. PMID- 6525054 TI - [Microscopic anatomy of the palatine tonsils of adult humans]. AB - Structure of the palatine tonsils has been studied in 77 mature, elderly and old persons (from 21 up to 90 years of age) who had no any diseases of the mouth cavity, nose and throat by the time of their death. Correlation of the lymphoid and connective tissue in the palatine tonsil parenchyma in the mature and old ages is not equal. Cross section area of the lymphoid tissue, lymphoid nodules including, beginning from the first mature age, is gradually decreasing, while the area occupied by the connective tissue is increasing. In persons of the elderly and old ages the number of the nodules with a light center and without it decreases. The area occupied with internodular lymphoid tissue reduces. PMID- 6525055 TI - [Synthesis and secretion of immunoglobulins in the small intestine of the rat immunized with horseradish peroxidase]. AB - Fifty mature female rats of August strain are immunized with three intraperitoneal injections of horseradish peroxidase (HP) on the 1st, 14th and 28th days of the experiment. On the 42nd day of the experiment a resolution dose of HP is injected through the gastric catheter. The distal Peyer's patch with the adjoining area of the intestine and the proximal part of the jejunum are taken every two days after injecting the resolution dose of the antigen. After fixation in 8% solution of paraformaldehyde and washing, the sections 15 mcm thick are incubated in antigen solution. The complex antigen-antibody is determined by visualization of HP activity using R. C. Graham and M. J. Karnovsky method (1966). The first plasma cells with a positive intracellular reaction in the lamina propria of the small intestine appear on the 4th day after the oral immunization. Immunoglobulins in antibody-synthesizing cells fill the canals of the granular endoplasmic reticulum, as well as the Golgi complex cisterns and the perinuclear space. The anti-HP antibodies are revealed in the interepithelial spaces of the small intestine tunica mucosa and in numerous micropinocytic vesicles of enterocytes. A suggestion is made on a possible diffuse transmission of antibodies via microvilli of enterocytes. PMID- 6525056 TI - [Effect of whole-body irradiation of females on pregnancy and postnatal development of the offspring]. AB - In 218 primigravida rats of Wistar strain with body mass 200-250 g radiosensitivity during the whole period of pregnancy has been studied after a single total gamma-radiation with 60Co given in LD50 2.0 Gy. The multifactor analysis includes: dynamics of the body mass of the pregnant rats, ability to implantation and pregnancy, duration of pregnancy, number of births that failed, body mass loss during delivery, death of the embryos during the antenatal period, number of viable offsprings, dynamics of body mass in the offsprings and their viability during 30 days after birth, time for covering with fur and eyes opening, developmental anomalies etc. Quantitative and qualitative postradiative disorders of the intrauterine and postnatal development of the offsprings are described. The most sensitive days of pregnancy are revealed (the 1st--3d and the 9th--11th days). PMID- 6525057 TI - [Special forms of ultrastructural changes in dendrites and axons in the human and cat brain]. AB - The investigation has been performed in the human brain of persons at the age of 75-87 years, in the auditory cortex of old cats and in bioplates obtained from epileptic foci of the hippocamp and the temporal cortex of 11 patients suffering from temporal epilepsy (at the age of 12-29 years). Distal parts of the dendrites contain a large amount of myelin-like membranous and electron opaque inclusions. In most cases these dendrites have no axodendritic contacts. In large trunks of the dendrites there are noted a comparatively large number of neurotubules with definitely seen contours against the background of small conglomerates of loose fine fibrillar material. Myelin axons contain a large amount of sharply contoured neurotubules which fill axoplasm. Similar dendrites and axons are revealed in the cerebral cortex both at age changes and in tissue of the epilepsy foci. These changes are supposed to result from the effect of the same factor. PMID- 6525058 TI - [Immunomorphology of clustered lymph follicles (Peyer's patches)]. PMID- 6525059 TI - [Pathology of mitosis in clinical oncomorphology]. AB - The results of studies of the mitosis pathology performed for many years on the material of tumour biopsies are summarized. It is shown that the determination of the tissue mitotic regimen is a theoretically founded method of cytological analysis that gives the pathologist a possibility for a more objective morphological diagnostics of pretumourous conditions and malignant tumours. The availability of this method makes it possible to recommend its wide use in the clinical oncomorphology provided the conditions assuring the minimal alteration of dividing cells (early fixation and cutting of the material) are strictly respected. PMID- 6525060 TI - [Functional morphology of interstitial cells of the renal medulla]. AB - Literature and the authors' data are presented on the structure and function of renal medulla interstitial cells (IC). It is shown that alterations of the IC ultrastructure and their lipid granules take place after stimulation or inhibition of prostaglandin (PG) biosynthesis. Administration of indomethacin (PG biosynthesis inhibitor) is followed by, on the one hand, a decrease of PG content in the kidneys, and, on the other hand, by an increase of IC lipid granules. Bradykinin (PG biosynthesis stimulator) results in the increased PG production with a simultaneous decrease of the lipid granules number. The inverse correlation between the number of IC lipid granules and the lipid content in the medulla as well as biochemical data on the high percentage of unsaturated fatty acids in the granules allows one to consider IC lipid granules as a depot of PG precursors. Thus, IC are closely connected with PG biosynthesis in the kidney and their principal function is in a formation of the PG precursors lipid depots. PMID- 6525061 TI - [Biopsy data on the ultrastructural changes in the cerebral cortex in Vilyui encephalomyelitis]. AB - Biopsies from the cortex of the right frontal lobe of 3 patients with chronic Vilyui encephalomyelitis were examined light- and electron microscopically. The characteristic degenerative changes in the gangliocytes and especially in the nerve fibers are typical for this disease; particularly severe lesions were found in the myelin sheaths and to a lesser extent in the axons. Myelin sheaths lamella, external mitochondrial membranes and other organelles showed osmiophilic degeneration with their destruction and release of peculiar crystal-like formations having an elective localization in the processes cytoplasm and not in the perikaryon. Abnormal chromatin agglomeration, increase in size and ectopy of nucleoli were observed. PMID- 6525062 TI - [Clinico-morphological characteristics of Sjogren's syndrome (biopsy and autopsy data)]. AB - Sixty patients with Sjogren's disease (SD) were examined. In all the patients- women aged 23 to 70, apart from the generalized "dry syndrome", there were signs of involvement of other organs and systems. Biopsy and autopsy material was studied histologically and histochemically, in some cases immunofluorescent and electron-microscopical study was performed. The most pronounced morphological and clinical manifestations of SD were linked with the damage to exocrine glands. Their alterations were represented by delayed type hypersensitivity and were similar in all exocrine glands, hence the exocrine tissue might be regarded as a target tissue in SD. One of the mechanisms of the exocrine tissue damage is connected with a mutual duct antigen of exocrine glands represented by the serum component IgA. The involvement of certain organs and systems with the development of chronic persistent hepatitis, fibrosing alveolitis, mesangioproliferative and tubulointerstitial nephritis, pronounced hyperplasia of lymphoid tissue with its plasmatization and generalized affection of the microcirculatory system of the immunocomplex nature, is noted in SD with various frequency. PMID- 6525063 TI - [Morpho-clinical variants of chronic glomerulonephritis and their significance for the evaluation of the severity of the disease]. AB - The study of the morphological, clinical and functional manifestations of compensated chronic glomerulonephritis (CGN) in 317 patients revealed the advantage of the morphoclinical variants as compared to the morphological types for the evaluation of the gravity and prognosis of the disease. The morphoclinical variant means the combination of the morphological and clinical types. It was found that the morphoclinical variants of CGN determine the probability of the tubulointerstitial component, which deteriorates the prognosis of the disease more precisely than its morphological types. Renal dysfunction is more closely connected with the morphoclinal variant of CGN than with the morphological type. The data obtained are in favour of developing a morphoclinical classification of CGN on the basis of the morphoclinical variants of the disease. PMID- 6525064 TI - [Primary and secondary (reactive) thymus hyperplasia in cases of sudden death]. AB - Two post-mortem cases of thymic hyperplasia are studied. The death of patients occurred suddenly, from an acute hypocorticoidism developing in connection with a surgical operation. In the 1st case (a woman of 27) the thymicolymphatic state (TLS) with anomalies of sex organs was observed. A sudden death occurred 2 hours after the operation of colpopoiesis from the pelvic peritoneum. In the 2nd case (a woman of 30) a sudden death occurred at the end of cesarean operation and extraction of two fetuses (the pregnancy was of a normal duration). The patient had hyperprolactinemia and infertility for 8 years and for this reason was treated with parlodel (total dose 780 mg within 4 months). Acute hypocorticoidism in the 1st case was connected with the adrenal hypoplasia characteristic of TLS in which thymic hyperplasia is a manifestation of a congenital immune-endocrine insufficiency. In the 2nd case hypocorticoidism was due to the adrenal atrophy developing apparently as a result of focal sclerosis of the adenohypophysis. Its development may be explained by the disintegration of prolactin-secreting cells resulting from parlodel treatment. Hyperplasia of the thymus in this case is secondary and reflects the degree of adrenal insufficiency. PMID- 6525065 TI - [Potentials of the cytological method in the differential diagnosis of infiltrative processes of various etiology in the lungs]. AB - Results of examination of 143 patients with the lung infiltrative lesions of various etiology (tuberculosis, carcinoma, acute pneumonia) are analysed. Cytological examination of the sputum, bronchial smears and lavage liquid allowed one to diagnose cytologically lung carcinoma in 67% and tuberculosis in 36% cases. Certain combinations of nonspecific cell elements in the bronchial content also helped to make the differential diagnosis between the infiltrative tuberculosis, carcinoma and acute pneumonia. The most informative is the examination of the lavage liquid. PMID- 6525066 TI - [Morphological changes in the thymus in experimental autoimmune hemolytic anemia]. AB - Morphological changes in the mouse thymus in the experimental autoimmune hemolytic anemia were correlated with the results of the study of the immune status. The epithelial component of the thymus was more involved in the response to the experimental autoimmune hemolytic anemia during the whole experiment; this allows one to assume that just this component predetermines the character of this autoimmune process. PMID- 6525067 TI - [Morphological diagnostic criteria of nonspecific reactive hepatitis]. AB - The material of 100 punch liver biopsies from patients with a secondary nonspecific reactive hepatitis as a complication of chronic disease of the alimentary canal (gall bladder, pancreas, stomach and intestine) was studied. The criteria of morphological diagnostics of this hepatitis were elaborated. It is established that the morphology of the nonspecific reactive hepatitis depends on the pathogenesis and clinical course of the underlying disease. The response of liver macrophagal system is a basis of inflammatory changes. PMID- 6525068 TI - [Fibrin deposits on the surface of tumorous and normal cells]. AB - The paper describes morphological changes of normal and tumor cells in the process of interaction with plasma fibrinogen. Comparative study shows significant difference between normal and neoplastic cells in their capacity to bind fibrin. Normal FL cells are characterized by a moderate or low fibrin binding, while tumor CaOv cells by a more intensive uptake of fibrin, which deposits both on the cell surface and in the intercellular spaces. This difference is more pronounced in a long-term cell incubation with fibrinogen. PMID- 6525069 TI - [Role of cytological research in the diagnosis of lymphogranulomatosis]. AB - A case of the mediastino-pulmonary type of lymphogranulomatosis is presented. Tumour elements were found in the sputum as well as in the smears and histological slides of the biopsied superclavicular lymph node. PMID- 6525070 TI - [Generalized aspergillosis]. AB - A rare case of the generalized aspergillosis in a man of 39 is described. Aspergillosis developed in the presence of portal liver cirrhosis and chronic alcoholism. The case was marked by aspergillosis endocarditis with spheroid fungi growths on the heart valves in the form of fungus ball, widespread embolism with fungus mycelium and thrombovasculitis with the development of infarcts in the inner organs and brain. PMID- 6525071 TI - [Local tumor-like amyloidosis of the lungs]. AB - Local tumour-like lung amyloidosis (LTLA) in a woman of 58 is presented. The disease was not diagnosed clinically. Multiple, well delineated tumour-like, macro- and micronodular foci of amyloidosis were found in the lung at necropsy. The peculiarity of this case is the combination of LTLA with hematogenously disseminated tuberculosis. PMID- 6525072 TI - [Cardiology in Brazil and the current politico-socio-economic situation]. PMID- 6525074 TI - [Chess, anxiety and coronary disease]. PMID- 6525073 TI - [Left ventricular function in isolated mitral stenosis]. PMID- 6525075 TI - [Effect of digoxin on the recovery of the jeopardized ischemic myocardium after experimental myocardial infarction]. PMID- 6525076 TI - [Peridural meperidine in the treatment of pain in acute myocardial infarction]. PMID- 6525077 TI - [Hemodynamic effect of ventricular and sequential atrioventricular stimulation]. PMID- 6525078 TI - [Odonto-stomatological health in patients with heart valve diseases. A concern also for the cardiologist]. PMID- 6525079 TI - [Bidimensional echocardiography in endocardial pacemaker implantation]. PMID- 6525080 TI - [Registration of an anomalous pathway potential in a patient with ventricular pre excitation. A case report]. PMID- 6525081 TI - [A new diagnostic perspective: the use of synchroton radiation in cardiac angiography]. PMID- 6525082 TI - Cervical dilatation for early abortion (new approach). PMID- 6525083 TI - Norethisterone oenanthate as an injectable contraceptive in two treatment schedules in interval subjects. PMID- 6525084 TI - Foeto-maternal outcome following vacuum extraction: recent experience with 625 consecutive cases. PMID- 6525085 TI - An analysis of ethnic differences in perinatal statistics in Singapore. PMID- 6525086 TI - Mixed ovarian germ cell tumor in 46,X, +mar Turner's syndrome: a case report. PMID- 6525087 TI - Effect of gamma-oryzanol on serum lipid peroxide level and clinical symptoms of patients with climacteric disturbances. PMID- 6525088 TI - Vaginal reconstruction with a sigmoid loop in pelvic exenteration. PMID- 6525089 TI - Uterine malignancies developing after a long term use of IUCD's. PMID- 6525090 TI - Termination of pregnancy by a slow release device containing 16, 16-dimethyl trans-delta 2 PGE1 methyl ester. PMID- 6525091 TI - Relationship between prostaglandin F and steroids in human peripheral venous plasma and concentration of prostaglandin F in corpus luteum. PMID- 6525092 TI - Effects of magnesium and catecholamines on spontaneous contraction of pregnant human isthmic myometrium. PMID- 6525093 TI - Adenomatoid tumor of the uterus: a light and electron microscopic study of two cases. PMID- 6525094 TI - Uterine contractile effect of an oxytocin-like substance in the human placenta. PMID- 6525095 TI - The effect of ginseng on serum total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and triglyceride levels in postmenopausal women. PMID- 6525096 TI - Towards a more realistic role identity in general practice. PMID- 6525097 TI - Common hand injuries in sport. AB - Trauma to the hand in sport can injure soft tissues or bone and joints (or both). Soft tissue injuries generally are more serious because their diagnosis may be delayed and the results of late treatment are less rewarding. Common examples of each type of injury are discussed in this article. PMID- 6525098 TI - The child who limps. AB - The child who limps can represent a diagnostic challenge. More than one consultation and several investigations (including a bone scan) might be necessary to define the problem. It is most important to realise that pain felt in the knee often originates in the hip. PMID- 6525100 TI - Skin scrapings for dermatophyte diagnosis. AB - When diagnosis of a rash is uncertain, consider the possibility of tinea (regardless of the clinical appearance). Skin scrapings often lead to a positive diagnosis and hence correct treatment. A subsequent culture should be arranged so that the organism is identified precisely. PMID- 6525099 TI - Clinical features of vascular insufficiency in the limbs. AB - Drugs (nicotine, beta blockers) can exacerbate symptoms of vascular insufficiency. Vasodilators and anticoagulants have no place in the treatment of chronic insufficiency. Analgesics rarely, if ever, relieve ischaemic pain at rest. Ischaemic pain at rest and gangrene are absolute indications for surgical restoration of the circulation. Spasm is never the determining factor in acute insufficiency associated with trauma. Surgical restoration of circulation is essential in most cases of acute insufficiency. The knee joint should be preserved if possible in lower limb amputation, even if proximal vascular reconstruction is necessary. Surgery should not be denied on the basis of age or infirmity. Restoration of normal circulation in the limb is the best treatment for vascular insufficiency. Acute or chronic vascular insufficiency is eminently correctable in most cases. Advances in diagnosis, patient selection, anaesthesia, operative surgery and rehabilitation have rendered reconstructive procedures safe and successful. Early diagnosis and referral to a vascular unit with modern facilities offers a greater chance of salvage of life and limb than that possible in earlier decades. Many patients return to an independent life free of pain and requiring minimal ongoing care. PMID- 6525101 TI - Pityriasis rosea. PMID- 6525102 TI - A litany of DVTs. PMID- 6525103 TI - Triangular flap wounds on the lower leg. PMID- 6525104 TI - Deaths in a general practice. AB - The practice records were an inadequate source of information except when the certificate of death had been issued by the practice or a hospital report had been received. Autopsies were done only for deaths reported to the coroner and for some which occurred in public hospitals; in most cases the cause of death recorded by the doctor could not be verified. The lack of accurate information recorded about the cause of death in a patient who did not die in a hospital suggests that the doctor's clinical interest dissipates once death has occurred. Notes about the death were found in some records of relatives of the deceased but were not sufficient to substantiate the suggestion that the doctor had other demands at the time in supporting the bereaved. It was not certain that every death in the practice population was known to the practice; this could be overcome by the use of a computer which could identify inactive records and thus enable further enquiry. Malignant disease was the most commonly recorded cause of death. It is possible that most of the 27 deaths of unknown cause were due to myocardial infarction (which would parallel the causes recorded for all Australia) because they were unexpected. Three quarters of those who died were older than 65 years. A doctor was in attendance at 63 per cent of all deaths in the practice; the major determinant of this involvement was the place of death.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6525105 TI - Childhood asthma. PMID- 6525106 TI - Mobility of Victorian doctors: 1980-1981. AB - A study of the mobility of doctors, their movement of geographical location and changes in categories within their profession provided evidence of the profession's tendency and capacity to cover deficiencies in the availability of health care. PMID- 6525107 TI - Osteoarthritis--investigation and management. PMID- 6525108 TI - Community disaster: the GP's role in bereavement. PMID- 6525109 TI - The scared little boy with insomnia. PMID- 6525110 TI - Examination of the knee. PMID- 6525111 TI - Analgesics. PMID- 6525112 TI - Ribosomal gene reiteration in a marsupial species with an X-linked nucleolar organizer. AB - The number of ribosomal cistrons in somatic cells of males and females of Macropus eugenii have been estimated using RNA/DNA hybridization in 70% (v/v) formamide. The male has one X-linked active nucleolar organizer and the female two and while the number of ribosomal cistrons is variable between the four males examined (31-65 copies), it is substantially less than the number present in the three females (94-103 copies). There is, therefore, no evidence of dosage compensation by amplification. PMID- 6525113 TI - Total and free plasma concentrations of progesterone, cortisol and oestradiol-17 beta during pregnancy, parturition and early lactation in sows. AB - The total (bound plus free) concentrations of progesterone, 20 alpha dihydroprogesterone, oestradiol-17 beta and cortisol were determined in the plasma of sows at three stages during pregnancy and more intensively from 5 days pre-partum to 5 days post-partum. The free fractions of progesterone, oestradiol 17 beta and cortisol were measured in the same samples by a rate dialysis method. Up to day 110 of gestation, the amounts of free hormone in plasma did not fluctuate independently of their total concentrations. During farrowing, the total and free concentrations of progesterone and cortisol varied independently of each other, whereas total and free oestradiol-17 beta declined simultaneously. The initiation of parturition was associated with a decrease in circulating total progesterone, and was accentuated by a decrease in the free fraction (P less than 0.005) so that its active free concentration was only 20% of its day 1 pre-partum value. Total and free cortisol concentrations rose rapidly during labour so that at 12-18 h after birth of the first piglet 30% of that cortisol in maternal plasma was free hormone. PMID- 6525114 TI - Haematological and serological data from dogs raised worm-free and monospecifically infected with helminths. AB - Pups free from helminth infection were obtained by treating the bitch prior to parturition, and the bitch and her pups after whelping, with oxfendazole and praziquantel. They were then housed in an area free from contamination with helminth eggs. Freedom from infection was confirmed by necropsy examinations and by serological tests using the Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Groups of pups were infected with Toxocara canis, Echinococcus granulosus, Taenia ovis, T. pisiformis and T. hydatigena and bled at 5-day intervals. Haematological examinations and measurement of serum proteins were performed on blood samples obtained throughout 30 days of infection. Levels of serum proteins were not significantly altered in any infection. Pups infected with T. canis showed a marked increase in numbers of circulating eosinophils during the phase of larval migration through the liver and lungs; they also showed marked antibody responses to T. canis larval ES antigen. Haematological values were not significantly altered in any other pups. PMID- 6525115 TI - Eperythrozoon ovis and copper poisoning as causes of jaundice in lamb carcases. AB - A total of 126 lamb carcases, of which 80 were jaundiced and 46 were grossly normal at routine meat inspection, were examined. Two specific diseases were demonstrated to be associated with jaundiced carcases. Eperythrozoon infection was demonstrated in 65% of jaundiced, and 12% of non-jaundiced carcases from jaundice-affected lots, but not in 5 normal carcases from unaffected killing lots. Copper poisoning was demonstrated in 2 of the jaundiced carcases. Infection with Eperythrozoon ovis was therefore the condition most commonly associated with, and presumably the major cause of jaundice in these lamb carcases. Copper poisoning was a less common cause of jaundice. PMID- 6525116 TI - A syndrome of hepatogenous photosensitisation, resembling geeldikkop, in sheep grazing Tribulus terrestris. AB - Two outbreaks of photosensitivity disease occurred in weaner sheep in south western New South Wales during early autumn 1982. In each instance there was a history of access to the annual herb, Tribulus terrestris and both the clinical and pathological findings were consistent with geeldikkop, a major disease in the Republic of South Africa. The prevalence rates of clinical cases were 21 and 37%, while the case fatality rates approached 70%. Clinical signs were dominated by jaundice and photosensitisation. Ochre and khaki discolouration were present in the liver and kidneys, respectively. Histopathologically, the most characteristic lesion was the presence of acicular, cholesterol-like clefts in the lumens of bile ducts and in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes and Kupffer cells. Similar structures were also evident in the lumens of nephrons in association with segmental hyperplasia of the neighbouring tubular epithelium. The possible pathogenesis of the hepatogenous photosensitisation and its resemblance to geeldikkop are discussed. PMID- 6525117 TI - Acarapis mites on honeybees. PMID- 6525118 TI - Blood lead, urinary delta aminolevulinic acid and the diagnosis of lead poisoning in dogs. PMID- 6525119 TI - Anaemia associated with a high parasitaemia of Trypanosoma theileri in a dairy cow. PMID- 6525120 TI - Isolation of Fusobacterium necrophorum from a case of bovine mastitis. PMID- 6525121 TI - The influence of zeranol implants on bodyweight gain of Angora wether goats. PMID- 6525122 TI - Mortality in Pekin ducklings associated with eosinophilic intranuclear inclusions in hepatocytes. PMID- 6525123 TI - Effects of a pour-on insecticidal formulation on sheep skin. PMID- 6525124 TI - Heptachlor poisoning in horses and cattle. PMID- 6525125 TI - The isolation of a fourth bovine ephemeral fever group virus. PMID- 6525126 TI - Selenium status of cattle given ruminal selenium bullets. PMID- 6525128 TI - An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay that measures protective antibody levels to Newcastle disease virus in chickens. AB - An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed to measure antibodies to Newcastle disease virus (NDV) in chickens. Chickens 6 to 33 weeks old, with a variety of vaccination histories, were bled before challenge with a velogenic strain of NDV. Fourteen days post-challenge, 63 of the 73 challenged birds had survived. ELISA results of pre-challenge sera corresponded directly with survival rates of birds challenged with NDV. PMID- 6525127 TI - Practical aspects of competitive exclusion for the control of Salmonella in turkeys. AB - In laboratory trials, a fourth-passage culture of adult chicken cecal contents was protective against challenge with Salmonella typhimurium in turkey poults raised on wood-shavings poultry litter. The culture was not protective against pre-treatment exposure to hatchery-introduced S. bredeney and was inhibited in poults that had received an antibiotic injection at the hatchery. The inhibitory effect of the hatchery antibiotic could be avoided if the cecal-culture treatment was delayed by 3 to 4 days after antibiotic injection. Under field conditions, there was a significant reduction in the salmonella contamination of turkeys and their environment when cecal culture was given to poults raised on wood-shavings litter sprayed with a quaternary ammonium compound. When used alone, both the cecal culture and the litter disinfectant were ineffective in preventing the establishment of S. heidelberg infection. Further studies are required to confirm the possibility of a synergistic effect between the two treatments. For the control of salmonella in turkeys, use of cecal cultures may be limited by the interference of antibiotics and by their failure to protect against pretreatment exposure to salmonella. PMID- 6525129 TI - Efficacy of broth-grown Pasteurella multocida bacterins in ducklings. AB - Pasteurella multocida (PM) isolates produced dense growth in tryptic soy broth and modified tryptose broth (MTB) when the media were continuously shaken or aerated. In carboys containing 15 liters of aerated MTB, the growth exceeded an absorbance of 0.9 and contained about 10(10) colony-forming units per ml. Bacterins prepared from PM isolates grown in MTB were injected subcutaneously into ducklings at 2 and 3 weeks of age. Such ducklings experienced significantly less mortality than unimmunized controls following homologous challenge at 4, 5, or 6 weeks of age. Similar protection was provided against challenge by a heterologous isolate (same serotype). Six-week-old ducklings given a single injection of an oil-emulsified PM bacterin developed immunity that lasted for 8 weeks. PMID- 6525130 TI - Vaccination of turkeys against air-sac infection with a temperature-sensitive mutant of Mycoplasma gallisepticum. AB - Turkeys were vaccinated with temperature-sensitive (TS) mutants of Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) to determine pathogenicity and immunogenicity. TS 37 was apathogenic yet immunogenic to turkeys, TS 100 was highly pathogenic, and TS 102 was slightly pathogenic and nonimmunogenic. Five or 7 weeks after intranasal vaccination of turkeys with the TS 37 mutant, a highly statistically significant resistance against intra-air-sac challenge with the S6 strain of MG was observed. PMID- 6525131 TI - Zinc deficiency in pheasant chicks fed practical diets. AB - A disease syndrome characterized by abnormal feathering and varus deviation of the tarsometatarsus spontaneously occurred in pheasant chicks fed a practical commercially prepared diet. The addition of supplemental Zn to the commercial diet was effective in alleviating the clinical signs, even though the commercial mix had Zn levels that met the published pheasant chick requirement. Supplemental arginine was ineffective in reducing the severity of the clinical signs. Also, when the diet was mixed in a laboratory setting, pheasant chicks did not develop abnormal feathering and leg bones. Clinical signs caused by feeding the commercial mix were not reproduced by altering dietary calcium and phosphorus levels in the laboratory mix. Neither adding a pellet binder nor removing supplemental Zn from the lab mix produced as severe leg and feather deformities as the commercial mix. Thus, unidentified dietary factors are capable of causing a Zn-deficiency syndrome in pheasant chicks fed practical diets with analyzed Zn levels meeting the required levels. PMID- 6525132 TI - Alcaligenes faecalis rhinotracheitis in Manitoba turkeys. AB - An outbreak of alcaligenes rhinotracheitis occurred on one premises housing five turkey flocks totaling 25,000 poults. Prominent findings were severe respiratory difficulty resulting from excess mucus in the nasopharynx, lachrimation, and tracheal collapse. Sinus and tracheal cultures consistently yielded Alcaligenes faecalis. An adenovirus was isolated and four flocks became positive for CELO virus by agar-gel-precipitin (AGP) tests. Mortality by flocks ranged from 4% to 48%. Treatment was unsuccessful and appeared to increase the mortality rate. The course of the disease was about 6 weeks, and recovered turkeys were marketed 1 week later than the usual date. PMID- 6525133 TI - Antibody- and complement-mediated cytolysis against duck-enteritis-virus-infected cells. AB - In the presence of complement, antibodies to the LA and Sheridan-83 strains of duck enteritis virus (DEV) were able to lyse DEV-infected duck embryo fibroblasts in 51Cr-release cytotoxicity assays. The role of humoral antibody in protection against DEV infection is discussed. PMID- 6525134 TI - In vitro cellular migration of leukocytes from turkey poults infected with Alcaligenes faecalis. AB - The ability of peripheral blood leukocytes from young turkey poults to migrate in vitro was investigated. Migration from capillary tubes was relatively rapid and was usually complete in 2 hours. Leukocyte migration was significantly enhanced in Alcaligenes faecalis-infected turkeys compared with uninfected controls at 1, 2, 5, and 6 weeks of age. PMID- 6525135 TI - Prevalence of Alcaligenes faecalis in North Carolina broiler flocks and its relationship to respiratory disease. AB - In order to assess the role of Alcaligenes faecalis in respiratory disease of broilers, a study was conducted to determine the prevalence of this bacterium in North Carolina broilers and to determine the relationship of A. faecalis infection to clinical disease. Our studies showed that A. faecalis is prevalent in North Carolina commercial broilers during the winter months. Bacteriological examination of turbinates and tracheas revealed that almost 40% of individual birds between 35 and 45 days of age yielded positive cultures; 62% of tested flocks were infected. When present, A. faecalis was usually the predominant bacterium isolated. Furthermore, because of a higher frequency of A. faecalis isolation in broiler flocks with respiratory disease (75% vs. 29% in flocks without respiratory diseases), these studies suggest a causal relationship between this bacterium and clinical respiratory disease. PMID- 6525136 TI - Experimental rickets in broilers: gross, microscopic, and radiographic lesions. II. Calcium deficiency. AB - Day-old broiler chicks were fed a calcium-deficient diet for 30 days. Gross, microscopic, and radiographic examinations of the proximal tibiotarsus were done at 2, 3, and 4 weeks of age. In 2-week-old chicks, the growth-plate proliferating prehypertrophied zone (P-PHZ) was variably lengthened and disorganized, cartilage columns of the degenerating hypertrophied zone and metaphyseal primary spongiosa were shortened, and bone spicules of the secondary spongiosa were bordered by increased osteoid. In 3-week-old chicks, lesions were either similar or more pronounced, with the additional finding of metaphyseal peritrabecular fibrosis. In 4-week-old chicks, the P-PHZ decreased in relative length, osteoid seams and fibrous connective tissue were less prominent, and tibial dyschondroplasia-like lesions were present. Results demonstrated that dietary calcium deficiency produced rachitic lesions, that the lesions were very different from those of phosphorus deficiency or calcium excess, and that the lesions were variable over time. PMID- 6525138 TI - Toxicity of dimetridazole in waterfowl. AB - Dimetridazole at a concentration of 1.0 g/l in drinking water caused mortality in both ducklings and goslings. When given to goslings at a concentration of 0.5 g/l, the drug caused growth depression and nervous signs characterized by excess activity, abnormal head attitudes, and ataxia. PMID- 6525137 TI - Experimental rickets in broilers: gross, microscopic, and radiographic lesions. III. Vitamin D deficiency. AB - Day-old broiler chicks were fed a vitamin D-deficient diet for 30 days. Gross, microscopic, and radiographic examinations of the proximal tibiotarsus were done at 2, 3, and 4 weeks of age. In 2-week-old chicks, there was variable lengthening and disorganization of the proliferating-prehypertrophied zone (P-PHZ), resorption of cartilage spicules in the degenerating hypertrophied zone and primary spongiosa, and lengthening of bone spicules in the secondary spongiosa; many bone surfaces were lined with increased osteoid. In 3-week-old chicks, there was a tendency for the P-PHZ to decrease in relative length and for cartilage spicules to increase in length. In 4-week-old chicks, however, there was marked lengthening of the P-PHZ, resorption of cartilage spicules, and replacement of the metaphysis with irregularly oriented islands of woven bone, osteoid, and loose fibrous connective tissue. PMID- 6525139 TI - Prevalence of Salmonella contamination in market-ready geese in Manitoba. AB - Salmonella contamination is a major problem in the poultry industry, but no data are available on the prevalence in geese. From two slaughter facilities in Manitoba, 130 carcass rinsings and 315 cloacal swabs from a total of 17 flocks of domestic geese were examined for salmonellae. Sixty percent of the carcass rinsings and 18.4% of the cloacal swabs were positive. Most of the isolates were serotyped, and some analysis of the results is presented. Three culture media were compared, and a modified dulcitol brilliant-green novobiocin medium was found to be more selective than brilliant-green and brilliant-green sulfa agars. PMID- 6525140 TI - Effects of olfactory bulb ablation on cardiac and ventilatory arousal responses and their habituation in the goldfish Carassius auratus. AB - The effects of olfactory bulb ablation on the cardiac and ventilatory arousal responses to the onset of illumination and habituation of these responses were investigated in goldfish. Bulbectomy did not effect the magnitude of response on novel stimulus presentation. Normal, sham operated, and olfactory bulb-ablated animals showed similar rates of habituation. These results suggest that deficits in feeding and sexual behavior in goldfish are due to the loss of specific olfactory influences on lower brain centers and not due to a decrease in general responsiveness. PMID- 6525141 TI - Effects of food deprivation upon behavioral patterns and time budgeting of Aplysia fasciata. AB - Effects of food deprivation upon time devoted to different behaviors in Aplysia fasciata were investigated. Time invested in mating, egg-laying, swimming, and movement in place was increased, and time spent immobile and crawling was decreased. Time of occurrence of behaviors was highly synchronized, but differed from that seen when food was available. Changes in behavior seem to be adaptive to conditions in which food is scarce: increased motility may lead to finding sites where food is present, while increased egg-laying and mating may ensure survival of progeny. Behavioral changes can be readily accounted for by removal of postingestive stimuli signaling satiation. PMID- 6525142 TI - Working memory theory of hippocampal function needs qualification. AB - To compare the predictive value of "cognitive map" and "working memory" theories of hippocampal function, the performance of rats with dorsal hippocampal lesions was compared to that of control rats in a series of experiments. In Experiment I, experimental rats learned a spatial alternation task with normal ease, but in Experiment II, they were significantly impaired on an elevated 8-arm radial maze. In Experiment III, the performance of the same experimental and control rats was compared on two versions of a 16-arm enclosed radial maze. In the first version, carpet inserts served as cues to mark eight unbaited arms and each of the remaining arms contained one food pellet. While both experimental and control rats successfully avoided the set of cued arms, experimental rats reentered uncued baited arms more frequently than did control rats. In the second version no intramaze cues were provided, but the spatial distribution of baited and unbaited arms remained the same as that used in the first version. In this uncued version, experimental rats both entered unbaited arms and reentered baited arms more frequently than did control rats, i.e., they were impaired in both "reference" and "working" memory. These findings are compatible with the hypothesis that hippocampal lesions result in an impaired capacity to form cognitive maps but they are not compatible with the working memory hypothesis. Furthermore, twelve separate evaluators classed experimental rats as using fewer mapping and more orientation strategies than control rats in the 8-arm maze. PMID- 6525143 TI - Amphetamine disrupts both working and reference memories of rats trained in a radial maze. AB - To assess the effects of amphetamine on working and reference memory rats were trained on a 12-arm radial maze with six arms baited and six arms unbaited until stable performance was achieved. Administration of 2.0 mg/kg d-amphetamine sulfate increased both working and reference memory errors, but only if a 5-min delay was imposed after three successful choices. With no delay this dose had no reliable effect on either working or reference memory. Lower doses (0.5 or 1.0 mg/kg) were ineffective even when a delay was imposed during the test. We suggest that amphetamine heightens arousal, which disrupts accurate retention when the rat's attention to the relevant cues is interrupted, as during a brief delay. Alternative explanations are discussed. PMID- 6525144 TI - Postsurgical enrichment aids adult hemidecorticate rats on a spatial navigation task. AB - The effect of environmental enrichment on normal rats, rats that received hemidecortication at birth, and rats that received hemidecortication when adult was studied in the Morris water task, which is a spatial navigation task requiring the use of distal cues for successful performance. Enrichment was achieved by housing the rats for 90 days in a large outdoor compound that was designed to model a natural environment. Adult hemidecorticated lab-raised rats were severely impaired in the acquisition of the task but neonatally hemidecorticated rats, although also impaired, showed significant sparing. Postsurgical, but not presurgical, enrichment of adult hemidecorticated rats significantly enhanced their recovery. Enrichment had little effect on neonatally decorticated rats or on normal rats. Although there were no gross anatomical changes associated with enrichment, the paradigm provides both a robust phenomena and a cortically dependent task that is ideal for investigating the processes in the remaining intact hemisphere that must support recovery. PMID- 6525145 TI - The effect of hypothermia on the rat's spatial memory in the water tank task. AB - The effect of hypothermia on the retention of the water tank navigation task has been examined in 21 male hooded rats. After a 3-min swimming test on Day 1 the animals were trained on Days 2 and 3 (2 X 12 trials) to find a small submerged platform 1 cm below the surface of a large pool (120 cm in diameter) of opaque water. On Day 4, the rats were divided into three groups (n = 7) which were cooled to colonic temperatures of 22-24 degrees C (H1), 25-27 degrees C (H2), and 28-31 degrees C (H3), respectively, and given 12 retrieval trials in the water tank. Average escape latencies increased from 6 s in normothermic rats on Day 3 to 33, 19, and 12 s on Day 4 in the H1, H2, and H3 groups, respectively. Under the same testing conditions the performance of groups H1, H2, and H3 improved on Day 5 to 20, 8 and 6 s, respectively. It is concluded that spatial memory retrieval is resistant to mild hypothermia (30 degrees C), but that it is severely impaired at body temperatures below 25 degrees C. Reacquisition of the task is slowed down but not fully prevented in deep hypothermia. PMID- 6525146 TI - Purified chick embryo cell (PCEC) rabies vaccine for human use. Laboratory data. AB - A new inactivated rabies vaccine (Purified Chick Embryo Cell vaccine) for use in humans has been developed. The FLURY-LEP C25 strain of rabies virus was adapted to propagate in primary chick embryo cell cultures. The antigen was purified and concentrated by continuous density gradient centrifugation and inactivated by Betapropiolactone. The PCEC-rabies vaccine was tested for innocuity, tolerability and protective capacity in a series of laboratory tests and compared with Human Diploid Cell Strain rabies vaccine (HDCSV) of similar antigenicity. The results of the laboratory tests indicated that this new vaccine was excellently tolerated and that its protective activity met the high standard of HDCS-vaccine, conditions which were imposed on the PCEC-vaccine before clinical trials in man were initiated. PMID- 6525147 TI - Basic relationships in precipitating antigen-antibody systems: a comparison of a simple theory with experiment. AB - Theoretical predictions from a simple theory for a homogeneous system with respect to some fundamental functional relations between amount of precipitate or extent of turbidity, initial antigen (Ag) respectively antibody (Ab) concentration, and solubility of immune complexes (ICs) are discussed in comparison with experimental results in a heterogeneous system. Experiments were performed with the aim to render possible and intuitive picture of the relationships considering different aspects. It was found that the theory derived from the equilibrium state of the reaction is also able to describe the non equilibrium state in a qualitatively correct manner. The influence of Ab affinity on precipitation is discussed. Moreover, it is shown that the theory developed by Pauling et al. in the 1940's although too simple in several details, does, however, consider the most important basic principles of more extensive theories developed by other authors. Precisely because of its simplicity, this model may be a useful help in the discussion of precipitate formation on a molecular level. PMID- 6525148 TI - Antibody-independent killing of gram-negative bacteria via the classical pathway. AB - It has been recognised since 1895 that some gram-negative bacteria are sensitive towards the lytic action of serum. Many aspects of this phenomenon in regard to antibody-dependent activation of the complement system and the activation of the alternative pathway in the presence and absence of antibodies had been investigated. However, a lot of serum-sensitive bacteria are killed in nonimmune sera and bind directly C1 in the absence of antibodies. Therefore, we were interested in the killing capacity of an antibody-independent activated classical pathway. For the immediate killing of these serum-sensitive bacteria within even one hour, all complement components are essential. The effective bactericidal effect is dependent on the classical pathway components like C1, C4, C2 and Ca2+. C1 is directly bound to the bacteria, becomes activated and is able to cleave C4. For C2-conversion and the further activation of the cascade, an additional serum factor different from an antibody is required. This factor seems to mediate the attachment of C4b to the bacterial surface, which is a prerequisite for the formation of the classical C3-convertase, C4b2a, on the cell surface. The antibody-independent interaction with C1 occurs via C1q, which binds to LPS and possibly also via another C1-subcomponent, C1r and/or C1s. The latter is supposed to interact with outer membrane proteins providing the tight interaction of C1 with the bacteria. This mechanism might be of importance for the killing of R forms of gram-negative bacteria. PMID- 6525149 TI - [Diagnosis of the level of nucleus pulposus prolapse in lumbosacral transition vertebrae]. PMID- 6525150 TI - [Pattern of distribution of various metabolic parameters in healthy and pathologically changed cartilage]. PMID- 6525151 TI - [Thermal relations of the fresh plaster bandage]. PMID- 6525152 TI - [30th meeting of the Orthopedic Society of East Germany. 3-5 April 1984, Karl Marx Stadt. Abstracts]. PMID- 6525153 TI - [Occurrence of the arachnomelia syndrome in Bavarian Brown-Swiss x Braunvieh breed population]. PMID- 6525154 TI - [Parasitological, clinical and serological findings in Dahomey cattle experimentally infected with Trypanosoma congolense and T. brucei]. PMID- 6525155 TI - [Hematologic findings in acute eperythrozoonosis of swine]. PMID- 6525156 TI - [Clinical aspects of anesthesia with etomidate-fentanyl in the dog]. PMID- 6525157 TI - [Microflora from commercial offal with special reference to the incidence of Salmonella]. PMID- 6525159 TI - [Epidemiology of Q fever in Hesse: studies using enzyme immunoassay and the complement fixation reaction]. PMID- 6525158 TI - [Responsibility of the veterinarian for negligence in injuries (tetanus prevention)]. PMID- 6525160 TI - [Work on the Haemonetics 30 blood cell separator]. AB - Our experience with cell separator led us to the conclusion that platelet concentration is rather high (6,94 X 10(11)/L), especially in the part of separated blood which contains significant percentage of erythrocytes. A considerable amount of leukocytes (1,6 X 10(10)/L) can be separated as well. It should be mentioned that leukocyte concentrations are significantly higher when Dexan is administered intravenously and Plasmasteril is used. Therapeutic plasmapheresis requires different approach which varies from the usual work with blood donors, since complications can be expected. Appropriate choice of plasma substituents should be made, as well as constant monitoring of electrocardiographic changes in patients. PMID- 6525161 TI - [Blood groups A and O with a weaker serological reactivity to agglutinins in the serum]. AB - In normal conditions anti-A and anti-B agglutinins are seldom weak and very seldom they are completely absent. Agglutination reaction depends on temperature. It is intensified by treatment of erythrocytes with enzymes (papain) and is also dependent on genotype of the person investigated. Alterations are more frequently observed in anti-B agglutinin. Two cases with defective A and O blood groups are presented, with anti-B agglutinin missing at routine investigation. Treatment of erythrocytes at 4 degrees C with papain indicated the presence of anti-B agglutinin which has a weaker serological expression. Assessment of immunoglobulin concentration by laser nephelometry before and after adsorption and elution, also indicated the presence of this agglutinin. PMID- 6525162 TI - [The Blood Transfusion Institute of Serbia today]. PMID- 6525163 TI - [Blood donation in Serbia, levels achieved, requirements and possibilities]. AB - Blood donation in Socialist Republic of Serbia can be divided into several developing stages which to a certain degree reflect the development and capabilities of blood transfusion service ensuring medical care in this particular domain. Blood donation is voluntary, anonymous and nonremunerated, an expression of the deepest feeling of humanity and interpersonal solidarity. It tends to constant rise and massive participation. Progressive increase in blood donation which ranges between 5 and 10% annually cannot, however, ensure enough blood for an increasingly wide application of component therapy and blood products. Discrepancy between collected and required quantities of blood is evident and it will be overcome when number of donations is increased from present 2,65/100 inhabitants to 5 donations. Consumption of blood per patient varies in different regions. Modern hemotherapy treatment requires well organized and socially directed activities in recruitment of blood donors as a permanent task of blood transfusion service, Red Cross and all other social and political organizations and medical services. PMID- 6525165 TI - [Factor XII deficiency]. AB - The work presents classical form and variant of F XII deficiency. Although a rare disorder, F XII deficiency can lead to bleeding, particularly after injuries and surgeries. Further laboratory investigation of patients with pathological APTT is required. PMID- 6525164 TI - [Maternal-fetal alloimmunization in the Gm and InV system (inverse type of immunization in pregnancy)]. AB - Study of inverse alloimmunization, previously investigated in HLA-system, was continued by the investigation of maternal--foetal alloimmunization on Gm-system immunoglobulin allotypes (Steinberg-Speiser's phenomenon) in 105 cases of the newborn (cord blood) on antigen determinants of their mothers. The work includes investigation of Gm- and InV-system allotipie, using mothers' and their infants' blood by agglutination inhibition method (according to C. Ropartz and L. Rivat). Later on, using the same method, infants' sensitization to mothers' G-class immunoglobulin specificity was investigated. Allotypes bound to subclasses of G class immunoglobulins, discrepancy in expression of certain specities of mothers and their infants, possible immaturity of some allotypes at birth and occurrence of immune response in both mother and infant are discussed in this paper. The occurrence we noted is a contribution to investigations of immunoglobulin genetics through Gm-system allotipie bound to protein primary structure. PMID- 6525166 TI - [Problems and dilemmas in the testing of genetic characteristics of the blood for the purpose of determining disputed paternity (forensic hemogenetics)]. AB - The work presents certain groups of cases selected from more than 1500 triplets (father-mother-child) we tested from 1979. to 1984., in order to indicate certain dilemmas in making definite conclusions on disputed paternity. 55 cases of the first rule exclusions, using one system only were found to be definite; one conclusion on disputed paternity exclusion using Duffy system only was found to be correctly finished, although we should not recommend it; extention of the analysis set with HLA-A, B, C products determination significantly increases exclusion percentage of misjudged fathers; in the analyzed group of 22 exclusions where HLA antigens were determined, during the second stage or simultaneously with the determination of erythrocytes, we found 7 exclusions according to erythrocyte system, also confirmed according to HLA; 12 cases with exclusions according to HLA only, 3 cases with no exclusions either according to erythrocyte system or HLA; according to Duffy system we had two cases of apparent maternity exclusions. PMID- 6525167 TI - [Preparation of human albumin preparations]. AB - Structure, physical and biochemical characteristics of albumin have already been investigated and described in full detail. Preparation of albumin solution preparations of various concentrations for human application started more than 40 years ago. Person deserving most credit for it is E. Cohn, who first used ethyl alcohol on low temperatures for the separation of certain fractions among which albumin took the largest part. Many modifications of Cohn's method are used today, though the most frequently used one is modification by Kistler and Nitschman. Some new methods appeared recently, ensuring higher degree of economy and efficacy, better yield of albumin and higher purity of final preparations. One of those methods--chromatography method--is recommended by Swedish authors (J. Curling et al.). Thanks to its multiple physiological functions and stability, albumin takes very important place in therapy of many diseases, both in peace and in states of emergency. PMID- 6525168 TI - Inward fluxes of adenosine in erythrocytes and cultured cells measured by a quenched-flow method. AB - Dilazep, a vasodilator previously recognized as an inhibitor of adenosine permeation, very rapidly blocked the uptake of adenosine by cultured L5178Y cells, and accordingly was used as a quencher in a simple quenched-flow system for measuring cellular uptake of nucleosides during very short intervals. Time courses of cellular uptake of adenosine, assayed during intervals between 0.05 and 0.5s with the quenched-flow system, were linear and defined initial rates of adenosine uptake. The latter are rates of inward transport of adenosine. Kinetic constants for that process in cultured S49 cells determined with the quenched flow procedure were similar to those determined with an assay dependent on manual timing. In studies of adenosine uptake kinetics in human erythrocytes at 22 degrees C and 37 degrees C in which the quenched-flow procedure was used, time courses of adenosine uptake were linear at both temperatures and defined initial uptake rates; kinetic constants (means +/- S.E.M.) at 22 degrees C (n = 8) were Km 25 +/- 14 microM and Vmax. 15 +/- 5 pmol/s per microliter of cell water and at 37 degrees C (n = 3) were Km 98 +/- 17 microM and Vmax. 80 +/- 9 pmol/s per microliter of cell water. PMID- 6525169 TI - Involvement of hysteretic effects in the inhibition of carnitine palmitoyltransferase by malonyl-CoA. AB - Carnitine palmitoyltransferase in its normal mitochondrial environment behaves as a hysteretic enzyme, exhibiting slow changes in reaction rate after the addition of oleoyl-CoA or malonyl-CoA. Reaction rates become constant after a short time, but the sensitivity of the enzyme from fed rats to the inhibition by malonyl-CoA remains much greater than that of starved rats. PMID- 6525170 TI - Membrane solubility of chlorpromazine. Hygroscopic desorption and centrifugation methods yield comparable results. AB - Binding of the positively charged drug chlorpromazine to artificial and erythrocyte bilayer membranes was investigated by the filtration method called hygroscopic desorption [Conrad & Singer (1979) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 76, 5202-5206] and by the conventional centrifugation method. Only minor differences in the partition coefficients were observed using the two methods. Our finding is not consistent with the observation of Conrad & Singer that amphipaths are completely excluded from biological membranes. However, the partition coefficient is dependent on membrane composition, which means dependent on the physical properties of a membrane. PMID- 6525171 TI - The intracellular calcium antagonist TMB-8 [8-(NN-diethylamino)octyl-3,4,5 trimethoxybenzoate] inhibits mitochondrial ATP production in rat thymocytes. AB - TMB-8 inhibited respiration of rat thymocytes and rat liver mitochondria, probably by inhibition of NADH dehydrogenase. TMB-8 markedly decreased both the cellular ATP concentration and the mitochondrial membrane potential in situ in thymocytes. These effects occurred at, or well below, the concentrations used in other systems to investigate the role of intracellular calcium pools in signalling events. We conclude that caution should be exercised in the interpretation of the effects of TMB-8. PMID- 6525172 TI - Identification of active-site residues of sheep liver serine hydroxymethyltransferase. AB - Chemical modification of amino acid residues with phenylglyoxal, N-ethylmaleimide and diethyl pyrocarbonate indicated that at least one residue each of arginine, cysteine and histidine were essential for the activity of sheep liver serine hydroxymethyltransferase. The second-order rate constants for inactivation were calculated to be 0.016 mM-1 X min-1 for phenylglyoxal, 0.52 mM-1 X min-1 for N ethylmaleimide and 0.06 mM-1 X min-1 for diethyl pyrocarbonate. Different rates of modification of these residues in the presence and in the absence of substrates and the cofactor pyridoxal 5'-phosphate as well as the spectra of the modified protein suggested that these residues might occur at the active site of the enzyme. PMID- 6525173 TI - Heterogeneity of the sn-glycerol 3-phosphate pool in isolated hepatocytes, demonstrated by the use of deuterated glycerols and ethanol. AB - Hepatocytes were isolated from female rats and incubated with [1,1,3,3 2H4]glycerol or [2-2H]glycerol. The deuterium excess in phosphatidylcholines, sn glycerol 3-phosphate and other organic acids was determined by g.l.c./mass spectrometry. The unlabelled fraction of the major phosphatidylcholines decreased exponentially, and the turnover was not changed by the presence of ethanol. The relative contribution of the two deuterated glycerols was about the same in the major phosphatidylcholine as in sn-glycerol 3-phosphate, indicating that formation by acylation of dihydroxyacetone phosphate is insignificant. [1,1,3,3 2H4]Glycerol had lost deuterium to a larger extent when it was incorporated in the phosphatidylcholine than when it was incorporated in sn-glycerol-3-phosphate, indicating that the phosphatidylcholines are formed from a separate pool of sn glycerol 3-phosphate. Deuterium at C-2 was transferred between sn-glycerol 3 phosphate molecules to about 25%. Ethanol decreased the extent of deuterium transfer, the extent of glycerol uptake and the loss of deuterium at C-1 and C-3 in sn-glycerol 3-phosphate. The results indicate that the oxidation to dihydroxyacetone phosphate was inhibited by the NADH formed during ethanol oxidation. [2-2H]Glycerol also labelled an alcohol dehydrogenase substrate, malate and lactate, indicating oxidation of sn-glycerol 3-phosphate in the cytosol. The two acids appeared to be formed in reductions with different pools of NADH. PMID- 6525174 TI - Actions of inositol phosphates on Ca2+ pools in guinea-pig hepatocytes. AB - In permeabilized hepatocytes, inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate, inositol 2,4,5 trisphosphate and inositol 4,5-bisphosphate induced rapid release of Ca2+ from an ATP-dependent, non-mitochondrial vesicular pool, probably endoplasmic reticulum. The order of potency was inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate greater than inositol 2,4,5 trisphosphate greater than inositol 4,5-bisphosphate. The Ca2+-releasing action of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate is not inhibited by high [Ca2+], nor is it dependent on [ATP] in the range of 50 microM-1.5 mM. These results suggest a role for inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate as a second messenger in hormone-induced Ca2+ mobilisation, and that a specific receptor is involved in the Ca2+-release mechanism. PMID- 6525175 TI - Complement-component-C3-opsonized immunoglobulin G anti-DNA antibodies do not bind effectively to red blood cells unless aggregated on a high-Mr DNA matrix. AB - Large, soluble ds (double-stranded) DNA-IgG (immunoglobulin G) anti-dsDNA immune complexes (greater than or equal to 200 S) that were previously opsonized with complement were digested with DNAase. The small complement-component-C3-fragment labelled IgG (11-14 S) that was then isolated did not bind effectively to complement receptor type 1 on human red blood cells. However, when this IgG was immune-complexed with 3H-labelled PM2 (bacteriophage directed against a marine Pseudomonas) dsDNA (Mr approximately 6 X 10(6), substantial binding of both the DNA antigen and IgG to the erythrocytes was demonstrable. PMID- 6525176 TI - Drug-induced accumulation of uroporphyrin in chicken hepatocyte cultures. Structural requirements for the effect and role of exogenous iron. AB - The ability of drugs to cause uroporphyria in hepatocytes from 17-day-old chick embryos has been investigated and the response of the cells in culture compared with that of the intact liver of the embryos in ovo. In this chick-embryo system, drugs that cause accumulation of uroporphyrin within 19-24 h can only do so in culture; in contrast, 2-allyl-2-isopropylacetamide and 3,5-diethoxycarbonyl-1,4 dihydrocollidine, which stimulate production of protoporphyrin, are effective both in culture and in ovo. A role of exogenous iron in worsening drug-induced uroporphyria was demonstrated in cultures of hepatocytes; iron also caused preferential accumulation of uroporphyrin from added 5-aminolaevulinate in the absence of a porphyrogenic chemical. Uroporphyria was induced in cultures of hepatocytes by drugs of widely different structures, suggesting that the primary molecular target with which they interact may be relatively aspecific in its binding characteristics. These results are briefly discussed, and two alternative hypotheses for the drug-induced effect in uroporphyrinogen metabolism are considered. PMID- 6525177 TI - On the antiperiplanar lone pair hypothesis and its application to catalysis by glycosidases. AB - The idea that sp3 lone pairs of electrons on a heteroatom direct the departure of a leaving group from an adjacent tetrahedral carbon centre is shown to be untenable as a general principle, and the permissive evidence in favour of it to be accounted for by the principle of least nuclear motion. The application of the idea to the majority of glycopyranosidases, which work by a double-displacement mechanism, is shown to require implausible contortions of the pyranose ring. PMID- 6525178 TI - Hormonal regulation of L-type pyruvate kinase in hepatocytes from phosphorylase kinase-deficient (gsd/gsd) rats. AB - The hormonal regulation of L-type pyruvate kinase in hepatocytes from phosphorylase b kinase-deficient (gsd/gsd) rats was investigated. Adrenaline (10 microM) and glucagon (10 nM) each led to an inactivation and phosphorylation of pyruvate kinase. Dose-response curves for adrenaline-mediated inactivation of pyruvate kinase, phosphorylation of pyruvate kinase and the stimulation of gluconeogenesis from 1.8 mM-lactate were similar for hepatocytes from control and gsd/gsd rats. Time-course studies indicated that adrenaline-mediated inactivation and phosphorylation of pyruvate kinase proceeded more slowly in phosphorylase kinase-deficient hepatocytes than in control hepatocytes. The age-dependent change in the adrenergic control of pyruvate kinase was similar between control and phosphorylase kinase-deficient hepatocytes. Adrenaline, glucagon and noradrenaline activated the cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase and inhibited pyruvate kinase in phosphorylase kinase-deficient hepatocytes. Vasopressin (0.2-2 nM), angiotensin (10nM) and A23187 (10 microM) had no effect on the activity ratio of the cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase or pyruvate kinase in these cells. It is concluded that phosphorylase kinase plays no significant role in the hormonal control of pyruvate kinase and that phosphorylation and inactivation of this enzyme results predominantly from the action of the cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase. PMID- 6525179 TI - Validation of infrared spectroscopy for assessment of vinyl polymers of bile pigment gallstones. AB - The i.r. spectra of bilirubin isomers that differ in number and position of vinyl groups were examined to verify the assignment of the 988 cm-1 peak of bilirubin (991 cm-1 peak in calcium bilirubinate) to its pendant vinyl groups. There were only small changes in this peak with changes in position of vinyl groups (exo-2- and -18-vinyl versus endo-3- and -17-vinyl), but progressive loss of peaks in this region was observed when vinyl groups were reduced to ethyl groups (dihydrobilirubin and mesobilirubin). Methylvinylmaleimide, a monopyrrole derived from the outer (A and D) rings of bilirubin, has a pendant vinyl group and exhibits a prominent peak at 986 cm-1, but haematinic acid methyl ester derived from the inner (B and C) rings has no vinyl group and shows no peak near 988 cm 1. These observations verify the assignment of the 988 cm-1 peak of bilirubin to its pendant vinyl groups. This supports our previous proposal that a decrease in the peak at 985-995 cm-1 in the i.r. spectra of pigment gallstones, as compared with unconjugated bilirubin or calcium bilirubinate, indicates a consumption of vinyl groups in the process of formation of the polymer in the pigment stones. PMID- 6525180 TI - Inositol lipids, phosphatidate and diacylglycerol share stearoylarachidonoylglycerol as a common backbone in thrombin-stimulated human platelets. AB - Gel-filtered human platelets were stimulated with 5i.u. of thrombin/ml for times up to 1 min. The fatty acid composition of inositol-containing phospholipids, phosphatidic acid and diacylglycerol was determined by g.l.c. in control and thrombin-stimulated platelet suspensions. Inositol phospholipids were found to have similar proportions of stearic and arachidonic acids, the sum of these representing 86.6% of the total fatty acids in phosphatidylinositol (PtdIns), 76.9% in phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate (PtdIns4P) and 85.4% in phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate [PtdIns(4,5)P2]. However, arachidonic and stearic acids were less abundant in phosphatidic acid (PtdA) and diacylglycerols in non-stimulated platelets. A transient decrease in the mass of PtdIns(4,5)P2 was observed after 5-10s of thrombin stimulation, followed by an increase after 30s. The amounts of PtdIns4P and PtdIns decreased throughout the experiment. A transient accumulation of stearoylarachidonoylglycerol was observed at 5s, whereas stearoylarachidonoylglycerol 3-phosphate (PtdA) was produced in increasing amounts throughout the experiment. The decrease in inositol-containing phospholipids was not fully compensated for by the production of diacylglycerol or PtdA [or PtdIns(4,5)P2] at 1 min. All the changes in inositol phospholipids, as well as those observed in diacylglycerols and PtdA, were due to a parallel reduction or increase in the contents of stearic and arachidonic acids, with a stoichiometry equal to 1. Taken together, this suggests an interconversion of all these lipids with the utilization of a common backbone, stearoylarachidonoylglycerol. The deacylation of this diacylglycerol could account for up to 4-5nmol of arachidonate/10(9) platelets after 1 min stimulation by thrombin. PMID- 6525181 TI - Incorporation of [35S]sulphate into glycosaminoglycans by mineralized tissues in vivo. AB - To investigate the metabolism of proteoglycans in young growing rats, calvaria, incisors, femoral diaphysis and metaphysis were labelled in vivo for 0.5-72 h with [35S]sulphate. At each time point the specific radioactivity, expressed as c.p.m. of [35S]sulphate/micrograms of uronic acid, of papain-resistant macromolecules in each tissue was determined. The identity of the glycosaminoglycans was established by the use of specific enzymic and chemical methods of degradation. Incorporation of the label into each tissue was maximal at 12 h; it then declined to 50-75% of that value by 72 h. Chondroitin sulphate was the predominant glycosaminoglycan in each tissue, representing 80-96% of the total; heparan sulphate comprised 2-14% of the total; in general, radioactive material sensitive to keratanase comprised less than 1% of the total. The relative amount of labelled chondroitin sulphate increased, whereas that of heparan sulphate decreased, with increasing time of incorporation. These data show that 25-50% of the newly synthesized glycosaminoglycans are lost from mineralizing tissues, during the time in which the newly secreted organic matrix becomes mineralized. PMID- 6525182 TI - The effects of Triton X-100 and n-octyl beta-D-glucopyranoside on energy transfer in photosynthetic membranes. AB - The effects of the non-ionic detergents Triton X-100 and n-octyl beta-D glucopyranoside on energy transfer between pigment-protein complexes of Pisum sativum thylakoids were investigated. This was done by monitoring the 77K fluorescence-emission characteristics of stacked and unstacked thylakoids exposed to a range of detergent concentrations. At sub-critical micellar concentrations, the detergents had little effect, whereas above these concentrations they caused increases of up to 20-fold in short-wavelength fluorescence intensity and a shift in its maximum wavelength from 685 to 680 nm. Fluorescence-emission intensities at 695 and 735 nm were relatively unaffected by detergent treatments, although Triton X-100 caused a wavelength shift in the emission peak from 735 to 728 nm. The results are discussed in terms of reversible dissociation of pigment-protein complexes induced by mild detergent solubilization and the consequent cessation of inter-complex energy transfer. PMID- 6525184 TI - Influence of octanoate on the rate of oxidative phosphorylation and the associated extramitochondrial ATP/ADP ratios studied with isolated rat liver mitochondria oxidizing pyruvate. AB - The regulation of oxidative phosphorylation by the extramitochondrial ATP/ADP ratio was investigated with pyruvate (malate) or pyruvate (malate) plus octanoate as substrates in experiments with isolated rat liver mitochondria. Steady states in the supply of non-saturating substrate concentrations and the activity of oxidative phosphorylation were adjusted by means of a perifusion technique which is based on immobilisation of mitochondria on glass filters. Michaelis-Menten parameters of the pyruvate oxidation in active state respiration were determined both in the absence and presence of octanoate. Octanoate yielded only slight Km value increase, whereas the maximal rate of pyruvate oxidation was diminished to one half. Therefore, it is concluded that the inhibitory action of octanoate on pyruvate oxidation comes close to a non-competitive mechanism. The inhibitory effect of octanoate is completely reversible. When a change in substrate supply was accomplished by substituting pyruvate (malate) plus octanoate for pyruvate (malate) under conditions of a simulated extramitochondrial energy demand, respiration was stimulated and ATP/ADP ratios generated outside mitochondria were shifted to a higher value. Two different responses of the mitochondrial respiration to the extramitochondrial ATP/ADP ratios were found as a function of the presence or absence of octanoate. PMID- 6525183 TI - Localization and synthesis of the acetylcholine-binding site in the alpha-chain of the Torpedo californica acetylcholine receptor. AB - The sequence of the alpha-chain of the acetylcholine receptor of T. californica has been determined by recent cloning studies. The integrity of the disulphide bond between Cys-128 and cys-142 has been shown to be important for the maintenance of the binding activity of the receptor, thus implicating the regions around the disulphide bridge in binding with acetylcholine. In the present work, a synthetic peptide containing this loop region (residues 125-147) was synthesized. Solid-phase radiometric binding assays demonstrated a high binding of 125I-labelled alpha-bungarotoxin to the synthetic peptide. It was further shown that the free peptide bound well to [3H]acetylcholine. Additional experiments demonstrated that pretreatment of peptide 125-147 with 2 mercaptoethanol destroyed its binding activity, clearly showing that the integrity of the disulphide structure was essential for binding. Unlabelled acetylcholine also inhibited the binding of labelled acetylcholine to the synthetic peptide. The region 125-147, therefore, contains essential elements of the acetylcholine binding site of the Torpedo receptor. PMID- 6525185 TI - Effect of the gel-liquid crystalline phase transition on the reduction of cytochrome P-450 reconstituted into dimyristoyl-phosphatidylcholine liposomes. AB - The isolated purified components of the hepatic endoplasmic monooxygenatic system were incorporated into liposomes (dimyristoyl-phosphatidylcholine) by gel filtration technique. The temperature dependence of the reduction reaction in the range from 11 degrees C to 37 degrees C revealed a break in the Arrhenius-diagram at the phase transition temperature of dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine. The break point is in agreement with thermodynamic parameters derived from microcalorimetric studies of the monooxygenatic system reconstituted in the same way. PMID- 6525186 TI - [Contents and patterns of gangliosides in the membranes of human erythrocytes]. AB - 10-20ml erythrocytes of 17 healthy subjects were separated from leukocytes by passage through cotton. The erythrocytes were haemolyzed in hypotonic buffer and the ghosts isolated by centifugation. Lipid extraction was performed and the gangliosides purified by molselect chromatography. Fractionation of gangliosides was carried out by thin layer chromatography. The quantitative and qualitative determination was performed by thin layer scanning with a High Speed TLC-Scanner Shimadzu CS 920. The sensitivity of the method was about 100 ng lipid bound neuraminic acids. The concentration of neuraminic acids in the total gangliosides was about 14 microgram/20 ml erythrocytes. The distribution of the 4 different ganglioside fractions which could be detected after staining with Svennerholm reagent were: GM3=16%, GM1=52%, GD1a=22%, GT1=90%. PMID- 6525187 TI - [Changes in compliance of the intact thorax under rising insufflation pressure and the limits of physiological elasticity: studies on guinea pigs]. AB - Pressure-volume curves of 26 guinea pigs, weighing 124 and 1135 grams were recorded; the curves being achieved by a gradual inflation of the lungs in the intact thorax. The presentation of the compliance alteration as a function of insufflation pressure (IFP) shows a uniform inflation characteristic, independent of body weight: the high level of compliance at the beginning of the curve starts to decrease at an IFP value of 0/76 kPa and falls gradually to approximately a third of the starting value, yet at an IFP value of 1.9 kPa the curve rises sharply again. Complete pressure-volume loops of 8 guinea pigs, achieved by inflating, relaxing and re-inflating the lungs, were also recorded. Where the IFP value was less than 1.9 kPa the inflation curves were identical. Where the IFP value, however, was greater than 1.9 kPa the adaptation phenomenon described by BERNSTEIN [6] with increasing hysteresis and "air trapping" appeared. One may conclude, therefore, that with an IFP value of 1.9 kPa the limit of the physiological expansion of the guinea pigs' lungs is reached. PMID- 6525188 TI - The effect of lesions in the mesencephalic reticular formation upon conditioned avoidance responses in rat. II. Lesions of the area cuneiformis. AB - Hooded rats of the Long-Evans strain were not able to acquire a conditioned avoidance response (CAR) in a jump test when they were injured by bilateral symmetric lesions in the area cuneiformis (CU) of the mesencephalic reticular formation. The acquisition of a simple CAR in a Y-maze was not impaired irrespective of the size of the lesion. However, lesioned rats ran significantly slowlier to the maze exit in simple and discrimination tasks and displayed more erroneous runs in dark-light discrimination sessions. These deficits were not observed when rats with small lesions in the anterior CU (CU-1 group) had preoperatively learnt the dark-light discrimination, but they were observed when preoperatively trained rats were injured by caudally extended lesions (CU-2 group). After preoperative training CU-1 rats had a great retention deficit in the jump test compared with no deficit in a sham-operated group. They were unable to relearn the task, whereas rats with dorsally extended lesions including the nucleus commissurae posterioris (NCP-CU group) had less deficit and relearnt the CAR in the jump test. Animals of this group performed an enhanced number of intertrial responses and showed increased arrest reactions with goal-directed attention evoked by the conditioned stimulus. The results indicate - together with the observed behavioural syndrome of disturbed locomotion, reduced orienting responses and exploratory behaviour - that the CU is an important structure for the integration of goal-directed behaviour. PMID- 6525189 TI - [Experimental studies on the specific weight and osmotic activity of nephrologically important solutions]. AB - The concentrating power of kidney is examined with respect to the excretion of osmotically active particles in terminal urine. Results of osmometric measurements on 14 solutions of physiological significance reveal that with increasing concentration there is some asymptotic lowering of the osmotic activity as a result of increasing physicochemical interactions. The specific gravity, however, increases in constant proportion. From these in vitro studies it can be concluded that by measurement of the osmolality in terminal urine, the complex renal elimination is reflected in approximation only. The interactions which can also be detected in "chemically pure" solutions, influence the osmolality even in primary urine, and even stronger during concentration to terminal urine. Nevertheless, osmometry of terminal urine represents the elimination capacity of kidney essentially better than other concentration measures like molality or specific gravity of urine. PMID- 6525190 TI - Stimulation of lecithin:cholesterol acyl transfer by intravenous injection of heparin. AB - Intravenous injection of 100 IU heparin per kg body weight caused elevation of the lecithin:cholesterol acyl transfer rate in each one of 11 men, in whom before as well as 5 min and 30 min after heparin application the concentration of unesterified fatty acids in plasma did not reach 0.8 mmol/l. The plasma concentration of unesterified cholesterol in high-density lipoproteins (HDL) increased in parallel at the expense of unesterified cholesterol in very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) and low-density lipoproteins (LDL). For HDL cholesteryl esters an opposite effect was observed. The results support the hypothesis of a participation of the lecithin:cholesterol acyl transferase (LCAT) in VLDL breakdown. PMID- 6525191 TI - ATP release from pig muscles during exercise measured by the firefly luminescence technique. AB - ATP measurements were performed on perfusates from muscles in anaesthetized pigs in vivo. Samples were obtained every 5 min by perfusion of a double-walled, fenestrated cannula inserted in the muscle. Five pigs served as controls and in 6 animals the adductor muscles of the thigh were electrically stimulated to contract each second for a period of 30 min. ATP was measured by the firefly bioluminescence technique. Immediately after insertion of the cannula ATP was high in the perfusate probably due to the physical damage to the cells and capillaries. After 50 min ATP reached a rather low level. Compared to controls, ATP in centrifuged, cell-free perfusate was unchanged during 30 min of muscle activity and for 60 min thereafter. In cell-containing samples ATP was slightly increased during the muscle activity period, probably due to damage from the cannula. It was concluded that, by this method, no indication was found of an association of muscular activity and release of ATP into the extracellular space. PMID- 6525192 TI - Method for chronic catheterization of the rat cisterna magna. PMID- 6525193 TI - The amino acid sequence of equine alpha-lactalbumin. AB - The amino acid sequence of equine alpha-lactalbumin has been determined with the aid of an automatic sequencer. The protein chain consists of 123 amino acids and has a Mr of 14218. Elucidation of the structure involved sequence determination of native protein (residues 1-32), cyanogen bromide fragments, and tryptic, chymotryptic and S. aureus V8 proteolytic peptides. Approximately 67% of the residues are identical with corresponding residues of bovine alpha-lactalbumin B, and there is close homology with alpha-lactalbumin of other species. PMID- 6525194 TI - Novel isolation of ubiquinone-binding proteins located in different sites of beef heart mitochondrial respiratory chain. AB - Ubiquinone-binding proteins were isolated from beef heart submitochondrial particles by a simple fractionation procedure using ethanol and ammonium acetate after solubilization of the particles with deoxycholate. The ubiquinone-binding proteins were further purified by passing them through a column of phenyl Sepharose CL-4B to eliminate the free form of ubiquinone and hydrophobic proteins such as cytochromes. At least 25% of the total ubiquinone present in the submitochondrial particles was associated with the purified proteins. Applying the same method, ubiquinone-binding proteins could be isolated from complexes I and III. PMID- 6525195 TI - 1H-NMR spectroscopy of the glycoprotein-bound large carbohydrates from embryonal carcinoma cells. AB - 400 MHz NMR spectrum was recorded for the glycoprotein -bound large carbohydrates (embryoglycan) isolated from F9 embryonal carcinoma cells. Two intense signals at 4.13 ppm and 4.69 ppm were assigned to be H-4 of galactosyl residues substituted at C-3 and H-1 of G1cNAc beta 1----3, respectively. The result is consistent with the proposal that the fundamental building unit of the large glycan is G1cNAc beta 1----3Ga1 beta. Furthermore, the spectral data confirmed a conclusion obtained by glycosidase digestion that fucosyl residues are linked mostly to N acetylglucosamine rather than galactose. PMID- 6525196 TI - Rapid purification of 2,4-dichlorophenol hydroxylase by biospecific desorption from 10-carboxydecylamino-sepharose. AB - 10-Carboxydecylamino-Sepharose, which bears a mixture of ionic and aliphatic substituent groups, adsorbs 2,4-dichlorophenol hydroxylase from Acinetobacter in a non-biospecific manner. The enzyme has been specifically desorbed by its substrate, 2,4-dichlorophenol, giving a 42-fold purification (to greater than 90% purity) in a single step. The enzyme contained 3.1 moles of FAD per mole and displayed a catalytic constant of 14.7 s(-1). Mixed-function adsorbents probably have wide applicability for biospecific desorption of proteins. The present report indicates that they may be useful in the purification of aromatic hydroxylases bearing flavin prosthetic groups that readily dissociate in conventional purification procedures employing conditions of high ionic strength. PMID- 6525197 TI - Amino acid sequence of cytotoxin IIa isolated from the venom of the Indian cobra (Naja naja). AB - A cytotoxic basic polypeptide, designated as cytotoxin IIa, was purified to homogeneous state from the venom of the Indian cobra (Naja naja) by a combination of gel filtration on Sephadex G-50, CM-cellulose chromatography, and fast protein liquid chromatography. Cytotoxin IIa is a single polypeptide consisting of 60 amino acid residues with four intramolecular disulfide linkages. The toxin showed high cytotoxicity toward Yoshida sarcoma and ascites hepatoma cells as did cytotoxins I and II isolated from the same venom. Analysis of the amino acid sequence revealed that cytotoxin I, IIa, and II are highly homologous in their primary structures and that cytotoxin IIa differs from cytotoxin I only in having Phe 25 and Val 52 in place of Tyr 25 and Glu 52 residues. PMID- 6525198 TI - Aminopeptidase activity in the livers of rats with experimental chronic renal failure. AB - Membrane-bound aminopeptidase activities in livers of rats with experimental renal failure were assayed. Only aminopeptidase A activity was decreased with the reduction in renal function, but aminopeptidase B and Leu-aminopeptidase activity did not change. The liver membrane-bound aminopeptidase A activity was inhibited by the addition of angiotensin I or -II in the enzyme assay system. From these results, it is expected that a decrease in liver membrane-bound aminopeptidase A activity may play a role in increasing angiotensin II during renal failure. PMID- 6525199 TI - Alloxan effects on mitochondria in vitro: correlation between endogenous adenine nucleotides and efflux of Ca2+. AB - The efflux of Ca2+ induced by alloxan in isolated mouse liver mitochondria was potentiated by atractylate, and by depletion of the organelles in adenine nucleotides, whereas bongkrekate, and added ATP or ADP, but not AMP, inhibited the alloxan effect. The data suggest that the Ca2+ releasing action of alloxan is dependent on the intramitochondrial pool of adenine nucleotides. PMID- 6525200 TI - In vivo actions of bestatin-related compounds in relation to their actions in vitro. AB - A study was performed to elucidate the effects of low-molecular-weight enzyme inhibitors on enzyme networks in vivo. Seven compounds, including bestatin and its 5 derivatives and arphamenine B, were tested, with each of them being administered to mice at the dose of 200 micrograms/day for 8 consecutive days. The spectrum of enzymatic changes thus induced were extensive and were not simply explainable by the in vitro actions of each agent administered. Nevertheless, a multivariate study on the changes in enzyme networks showed some degree of interrelationship between the in vitro and in vivo actions of the agents under study. The present findings seem to certify that the direct enzyme-inhibiting effect motivates the extensive movement of enzyme networks in vivo, although the latter often seems rather paradoxical at a glance. PMID- 6525201 TI - The kinetics of inhibition of human seminal plasma acid phosphatase by sodium fluoride. AB - Purified human seminal plasma acid phosphatase is inhibited by sodium fluoride and L(+) tartrate and 50% inhibitions (I50) have been obtained at 7.3 X 10(-5) and 3.0 X 10(-4) M concentrations, respectively. By Lineweaver-Burk plot, sodium fluoride shows non-competitive type of inhibition. Ackermann plot indicates that sodium fluoride is a reversible inhibitor of seminal plasma acid phosphatase. On polyacrylamide activity gel electrophoresis and by densitometric scan, a single molecular form of acid phosphatase has been identified in human seminal plasma. Inhibition patterns by sodium fluoride and L(+) tartrate have also been performed by polyacrylamide activity gel electrophoresis and almost complete inhibition of hydrolysis of alpha-napthol phosphate is observed at 20 mM and 100 mM of sodium fluoride and L(+) tartrate, respectively. PMID- 6525202 TI - A mechanism for the selective preservation of homogeneous. F(ATP) actin. AB - The cold-induced depolymerization of F(ADP) actin, coupled with the repolymerization by ATP, was employed to study the formation of F(ATP) actin. It is proposed that the cold-induced lability of F(ADP) actin, together with the spontaneous fragmentation of the filament, provides a mechanism for the selective preservation of homogeneous F(ATP) actin. PMID- 6525203 TI - Kinetic studies with competitive inhibitors indicate a sequential mechanism for dopamine beta-hydroxylase. AB - Competitive inhibitors have been used to study the kinetic mechanism of action of the multireactant enzyme dopamine beta-hydroxylase (dopamine beta-monooxygenase EC 1.14.17.1). The copper chelator penicillamine, which was found to be a competitive inhibitor of ascorbate, gave noncompetitive inhibition with respect to tyramine. The antidopaminergic drug cis-chlorprothixene, a competitive inhibitor for tyramine, produced uncompetitive inhibition with respect to ascorbate. These findings are consistent with an ordered sequential mechanism, with ascorbate as the initial substrate to add to the enzyme. The pharmacological relevance of dopamine beta-hydroxylase inhibition by penicillamine is also discussed. PMID- 6525204 TI - Effect of phospholipid on aldosterone biosynthesis by a cytochrome P-450(11) beta reconstituted system. AB - Effect of phospholipid on aldosterone synthesis catalyzed by a cytochrome P 450(11)beta-reconstituted system was examined. Corticosterone was incubated with P-450(11)beta in the presence of phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, cardiolipin, phosphatidylinositol, or phosphatidylserine. These phospholipids stimulated the rate of aldosterone- and 18-hydroxycorticosterone-synthesis, although the mode of stimulation by neutral phospholipids was different from that by acidic phospholipids. In the presence of a phospholipid mixture containing the lipids in the same molar ratios as found in adrenocortical mitochondria, the rate of production of aldosterone increased 10-fold over the rate without the lipids, and that of 18-hydroxycorticosterone increased 3-fold. The maximal synthetic rates of aldosterone and 18-hydroxycorticosterone were 2 and 5 nmol/nmol P 450/min, respectively. PMID- 6525205 TI - Purification of human plasma catalase and monoamine oxidase and the partial characterization of monoamine oxidase. AB - Human plasma catalase and monoamine oxidase were purified for the first time to homogeneity. Monoamine oxidase purified 3200-fold with the aid of DEAE-Sepharose Cl-6B and Sepharose Cl-6B chromatography was devoid of catalase, aldehyde dehydrogenase and reductase activity. Homogeneous catalase was obtained during DEAE-Sepharose C1-6B chromatography of monoamine oxidase. Monoamine oxidase was characterized physico-chemically in terms of molecular weight, electrophoretic mobility, iso-electric point, amino acid composition and specific activity. The molecular weight was estimated to be 234.5 K by exclusion chromatography and with iso-electric focusing the pI was estimated to be 5.6. PMID- 6525206 TI - On the flux of lipid metabolism in diabetic animals. AB - The influence of diabetes on the balance of lipid metabolism has been studied by measuring the simultaneous incorporation in vivo of 3H- and 14C-labelled glycerol into all the major tissues and lipid classes of diabetic mice. The induction of the diabetic condition caused significant alterations in the relative utilization of these labels, with double isotope ratios (3H/14C) being increased in the total lipid fractions of all tissues, but most extensively in muscle and adipose tissue. A degree of individuality was evident in relation to the response of tissue phospholipids, particularly in regard to the incorporation of tritium label into phosphatidyl choline fractions. These data establish that diabetes causes widespread and major perturbations of lipid metabolism in these animals, and indicate the detailed nature of the responses in relation to individual tissues and lipid classes. The implications of these alterations have been discussed with respect to tissue-specific and whole body aspects of the regulation of lipid metabolism. PMID- 6525207 TI - [Molecular organization of cholesterol-hydroxylating cytochrome P-450 from adrenal cortex mitochondria. Chemical modification with bifunctional reagents in the study of oligomeric forms]. AB - The molecular organization of adrenocortical cytochrome P-450scc has been investigated using chemical modification with bifunctional imidates. The oligomeric organization of cytochrome P-450scc in solution has been shown. The application of dimethyl-3,3'-dithiobispropioimidate and subsequent cleavage of the modified products by reducing agents revealed the presence of two types of intramolecular cross-links: "short" at the distance of 3,0 A between the amino groups of lysine residues and "long" ones at a distance of 11,9 A. The analysis of the products, obtained by limited proteolysis of the oligomeric forms of the cross-linked cytochrome P-450, by two-dimensional electrophoresis has shown that the cross-links are formed between the functional domain (fragment F1) and domain responsible for the interaction with the phospholipid membrane (fragment F2). A model for cytochrome P-450scc molecular organization has been suggested on the basis of the obtained results. PMID- 6525208 TI - Postnatal diuresis and respiratory distress syndrome in infants receiving mechanical ventilation. AB - Measurements of body water homeostasis and pulmonary function were obtained in 24 infants with respiratory distress syndrome requiring mechanical ventilation during the first five days of life to determine the relationship of diuresis to improvement in pulmonary function. Initial diuresis (output intake ratio greater than 0.8) occurred at 24 hours, maximum diuresis (output intake ratio greater than or equal to 1.6) at 40 hours, and initial improvement in pulmonary function (fall in AaDO2 greater than 50 mm Hg) at 48 hours. Urine flow rates over four-, eight-, or 12-hour periods were quite variable and correlated poorly with improvement in pulmonary function. Reduction in body weight was a more accurate indicator of total changes in body water than urine output, output intake ratio, or fractional excretion of sodium. Although there was a temporal relationship of loss of body water and improvement in pulmonary function by analysis of means, no cause-and-effect relationship could be found on a case-by-case analysis. Five of 24 infants demonstrated improvement in pulmonary function prior to diuresis or reduction in body weight. Nine infants had a diuresis more than 24 hours prior to pulmonary improvement, and two infants had a diuresis without pulmonary improvement during the five-day study period. These data indicate that factors other than body water are associated with improvement in pulmonary function in infants with respiratory distress syndrome. PMID- 6525209 TI - Effect of cephalic pressure on fetal cerebral blood flow. AB - During vaginal delivery, the fetus is exposed to a variety of stresses including pressure applied to the fetal skull. In order to study the effects of this stress on fetal homeostasis, we monitored the response to external cephalic compression applied to the acutely prepared near-term fetal lamb. In response to cephalic pressure, we noted initial bradycardia followed by sustained tachycardia. Mean arterial pressure and pulse pressure rose during cephalic pressure and gradually returned to baseline levels. Cerebral blood flow fell approximately 95% early in the period of compression. This fall in total cerebral blood flow was accompanied by a redistribution of cerebral flow. During this time, a smaller percentage of cerebral blood flow was found in the cortex and a greater percentage was directed to the brainstem. PMID- 6525210 TI - Infradiaphragmatic total anomalous pulmonary venous drainage: new diagnostic, physiologic, and surgical considerations. AB - Numerous diagnostic pitfalls were noted among 6 infants with infradiaphragmatic total anomalous pulmonary venous drainage, including prolonged moderate respiratory distress in 2 infants, normal cardiac examination in 2, normal electrocardiograms in 2, arterial PO2 in excess of 100 torr in 3 cases, right radial/umbilical arterial PO2 gradients consistent with significant right-to-left ductal shunting in 2 of 4 cases, misleading M-mode echocardiography in 2 of 4 cases, and missed diagnosis at initial cardiac catheterization despite pulmonary angiography in 1 case. Helpful radiographic features included small heart, congested lungs, and pleural effusions in all 6 cases, and visualization of the anomalous trunk overlying the liver on slightly rotated abdominal flat plates in both cases so examined. Bedside umbilical venous catheterization was pathognomonic in 3 cases and suggestive of the diagnosis in the fourth case. Cross-sectional echocardiography was diagnostic in the 1 case in which it was employed. Intraoperative and postoperative pulmonary hypertension led to the demise of the 4 infants who survived long enough to undergo surgery. In addition to early diagnosis, measures to insure maximal decompression of the pulmonary circuit at surgery should improve survival. PMID- 6525211 TI - Cerebral arteriovenous malformation presenting as persistent fetal circulation. Diagnosis by cross-sectional echo. AB - Two infants with cerebral arteriovenous malformation (CAVM), both initially seen with persistent fetal circulation, were studied with cross-sectional echo. The descending aorta, which is dilated in infants with CAVM, was identified in the subxiphoid four-chamber and short-axis views in both infants. In both infants the arteriovenous malformation was readily identified by cross-sectional echo as a lucency within the brain. Pulsation of the cranial lucency was noted in one infant, but only still frames from the head echo were preserved in the other infant, and pulsation was not commented on in that case. PMID- 6525212 TI - Serum tobramycin levels in low- and very low-birthweight infants. AB - This study was designed to evaluate the serum concentration of tobramycin sulfate following a 2.5-mg/kg intravenous infusion in 43 premature infants on days 1, 3, and 5 of age (therapy). Twenty premature infants weighing 1500 gm or less at birth and 23 others whose birthweights ranged from 1501 to 2500 gm made up the study population. Serum tobramycin levels were measured by an enzymatic immunoassay (EMIT) at one, four to six, and 12 hours after injection. Peak serum levels increased from day 1 (means, 5.2 +/- 2.2 mcg/ml) to day 3 (means, 6.1 +/- 2.6 mg/ml) and then remained unchanged at day 5 (means, 6.1 +/- 2.4 mg/ml). Approximately 40% of the study population presented trough levels above 2 mcg/ml on day 1 and over 70% on days 3 and 5. No evidence of renal toxicity or auditory dysfunction was observed. In light of the high trough levels observed during the first week of life in premature infants, it may be judicious to monitor serum tobramycin concentration and to decrease the dosage or to prolong the dose interval in order to maintain trough concentrations below 2 mcg/ml. PMID- 6525213 TI - Care of low-birthweight and sick newborn infants in community hospitals. Effect of an education program. AB - We studied the effect of an education program on newborn care practices, documented by chart review, in nine community hospitals in central Pennsylvania. Following a visit to each hospital, specific recommendations were made and courses were offered at the regional center. A follow-up review of newborn charts showed significant improvement in newborn care. This kind of educational program, particularly if directed at identified problems in individual hospitals, appears to be effective. In addition, chart reviews can provide the information necessary for assessing both care practices and the effect of an educational program. PMID- 6525214 TI - Thyroid hormone levels in diabetic mothers and their neonates. AB - Infants born to diabetic mothers have decreased activity of many metabolic pathways which might be regulated by thyroid hormone. Serum TSH, T4, T3, and reverse T3 levels were measured in 22 term infants of diabetic mothers and in 9 normal term babies at 2, 12, 24, and 72 hours of age, as well as in maternal and cord sera. T4 binding index and free T4 levels were measured in 11 diabetic mothers and their babies and 5 normal mothers and babies. Mean TSH levels did not differ between diabetic and normal mothers or their infants. Mean T4 of the diabetic mothers (9.6 micrograms/dl) was significantly (p less than 0.005) less than the mean T4 of the normal mothers (12.8 micrograms/dl). Mean T4 of neonatal specimens was lower in infants of diabetic mothers for each determination, but this difference achieved statistical significance at the 12-hour sample only (p less than 0.001). Mean serum T4 binding index was similar in the neonatal specimens at each time period studied. Mean T3 of diabetic mothers (149 ng/dl) was significantly (p less than 0.001) less than that of normal mothers (217 ng/dl). At each time interval, mean T3 concentration in infants of diabetic mothers was significantly lower than that of normal infants. Levels of reverse T3 were not significantly different between normal and diabetic mothers or their neonates. These data suggest that there is an effect of maternal diabetes on T3 secretion or conversion of T4 to the more active hormone, T3, in the fetus and early newborn.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6525215 TI - Cervicovaginal fistula formation: a new complication of Shirodkar cerclage. AB - In this article, cervicovaginal fistula formation is reported for the first time as a complication of failure to remove a cervical cerclage during labor. Along with the available literature, the case presented here suggests the value of timely removal of a cerclage in the face of strong uterine contractions. Should cervical laceration/rupture occur, immediate repair should be attempted. If chronic cervicovaginal fistula occurs, preterm delivery through the defect and frank uterine rupture are risks with succeeding pregnancies. PMID- 6525217 TI - Summary report on the NICHD research planning Workshop on Physical Activity in Pregnancy. PMID- 6525216 TI - Stress and coping strategies of nurse managers in the NICU. AB - Nursing managers in neonatal intensive care units must cope with numerous stresses that arise in the context of managing a complex medical unit. Ten nurse managers were interviewed using a structured interview to determine the frequency of interaction and the sources of stress that occur in working with physicians, hospital administration, nursing administration, and staff nurses. Physicians are a major source of stress but the issues vary depending on the role held by the nurse manager. The unwillingness of the staff nurse to appreciate the time involved in implementing any change is another major source of stress. Numerous coping strategies are being implemented to address identified sources of stresses. The intent of these strategies is to reduce stress by increasing the flow of task-relevant communication to all parties. PMID- 6525218 TI - Imaging case of the month. Cystic adenomatoid malformation of the lung. PMID- 6525219 TI - [Epidemiological study of trichinosis in a rural community in Chile]. PMID- 6525220 TI - [Human otoacariasis caused by Otobius megnini in Calama, Chile]. PMID- 6525221 TI - [The teaching of medical ethics in the medical schools]. PMID- 6525222 TI - [Prevalence of toxoplasmic infection in employees of a slaughterhouse in the city of Santiago, Chile]. PMID- 6525224 TI - [Hamanniella carinii Travassos, 1916 (Acantocephalo; Gigantorhynchidae) in dasypodids of Argentina]. PMID- 6525223 TI - [Seroepidemiological study of human hydatidosis by indirect hemagglutination reaction in XI Region, Chile (1984)]. PMID- 6525225 TI - Cestode fauna of hill-stream fishes in Garhwal Himalayas, India. II. Bothriocephalus teleostei n. sp. from Barilius bola and Schizothorax richardsonii. PMID- 6525226 TI - [Results of early treatment of intracranial hemorrhage in children with aplastic anemia]. PMID- 6525227 TI - [Percentiles of weight, height and cephalic perimeter from birth to 6 years of age in children]. PMID- 6525228 TI - [Sensitivity and specificity of rotaphoresis in the diagnosis of diarrhea caused by rotavirus]. PMID- 6525229 TI - [Care of children with neurogenic bladder. A model of appropriate technology for developing countries]. PMID- 6525230 TI - [The problem of children with hemorrhagic diseases in an emergency service]. PMID- 6525231 TI - [Vascular and cartilaginous hamartoma of the chest wall in an infant]. PMID- 6525232 TI - [Classification of diarrheic syndromes in children]. PMID- 6525233 TI - Recovery from hypobaric hypoxia in the rabbit. AB - In rabbits, recovery was studied from hypobaric hypoxia elicited by decompression to 190 mm Hg. In the first experiment a pattern discrimination habit was used. A marked latency appeared after hypoxia, before the rabbits started to respond, but once started no difference was found compared to control circumstances. Repeating this procedure 48 h later resulted in a spontaneous decrease in latency, which remained significantly longer than without hypoxia. In the second experiment rabbits were on a time-restricted daily drinking schedule and the water drinking behaviour was registered. Due to the preceding hypoxia the rate of drinking was much lower compared with the control animals, as was the average total fluid intake. After 48 h the impact of hypoxia was much less. In the third experiment the influences of repeated periods of hypoxia upon the heart rate were studied. Rabbits showed a marked bradycardia during hypoxia which was less severe 48 h later. It was argued that studying recovery from hypoxia is potentially valuable to gain information about the effects of cerebral hypoxia and the autonomic responses that influence the final outcome of hypoxic stress in the intact rabbit. PMID- 6525234 TI - The effect of hypoxia on the acquisition of a two-way avoidance task in the guinea-pig. AB - Male guinea-pigs learned conditioned two-way shuttle behaviour to acoustic stimuli. Training was given during 5 consecutive days. Two daily training sessions were held with intersession intervals of 120 (Experiment 1) and 60 (Experiment 2) min. In each experiment one group was given post-session hypoxia (H) and another group received no hypoxia (NH). In the NH group the performance during the second session was higher than during the first session on the same day. In the H group this gain was abolished but the course of acquisition was unchanged. The induced amnesia confirmed the selective effect of hypoxia on medium-term memory (MTM) formation previously observed in rats. The results are discussed with reference to the validity of the multistage model of memory formation. PMID- 6525236 TI - CT-scanning in children with cerebral visual disturbance and its possible relation to hypoxia and ischaemia. AB - The examination of computertomography (CT) scans of 20 patients suffering from 'cerebral visual disturbance' (CVD) as part of infantile encephalopathy, revealed conspicuous abnormalities, which could be divided into two main groups: (1) lesions of the optic radiations; and (2) lesions of the calcarine cortex. The pathophysiological mechanisms underlying these abnormalities suggest an important role of hypoxia and/or ischaemia in the etiology of CVD. PMID- 6525237 TI - Visual defects in children after cerebral hypoxia. AB - Visual functions were examined in 18 survivors of perinatal hypoxia/ischemia with mild to severe neurological sequelae, aged between 3 months and 17 years, and in two patients, aged 8 and 13 years, who had suffered postnatal hypoxic events. All but two patients showed clear visual deficits ranging from mild defects in visual acuity, visual field size, and/or optokinetic nystagmus to blindness. In 5 patients, the visual field was restricted to tunnel vision, a finding which appeared to be specifically related to the hypoxic/ischemic nature of the brain damage. The severity of the visual defects after perinatal hypoxia was related to the occurrence of neonatal seizures, later neurological outcome, and gestational age at birth. This is discussed in relation to previous studies of the effects of perinatal hypoxia/ischemia. PMID- 6525235 TI - Pharmacological protection against hypoxia-induced effects on medium-term memory in a two-way avoidance paradigm. AB - Male guinea-pigs were trained in a two-way avoidance task. They were exposed for 1 min to 100% nitrogen after each of the two daily sessions on 5 consecutive days. Eight groups of 10 animals were pretreated with a single dose of either flunarizine (0.16 or 0.63 mg/kg), nimodipine (0.16 or 0.63 mg/kg), nifedipine (0.16 or 0.63 mg/kg) or verapamil (0.63 or 2.5 mg/kg) 1 h before the first daily session. Only flunarizine protected against the hypoxia-induced amnesia. The results are discussed with reference to protective effects in other paradigms and the utility of the paradigm for pharmacological research purposes. PMID- 6525238 TI - The effect of hypobaric hypoxia on taste neophobia in rats. AB - Rats had access to water for 15 min per day. After an adaptation period of 14 days the animals were given water and apple juice on alternate days. In half of the animals the first presentation of apple juice was followed by a 15-min period of hypobaric hypoxia. Taste neophobia was found in both groups of animals. In the animals which were not made hypoxic considerable attenuation of this neophobia was seen during the second presentation. In the animals which were made hypoxic after the first presentation of apple juice, apple juice intake was significantly reduced during the following presentations. PMID- 6525239 TI - The hypoxic brain: histological and ultrastructural aspects. AB - A brief review of structural damage to cerebral cells resulting from experimentally induced hypoxia or ischemia is presented. The histological aspect of the brain is compared in different animal models with respect to the onset and progression of damage. Cell changes detected in the early post-hypoxic period consist of microvacuolation and seem to be fully reversible. Coagulative cell change and edematous cell change which may be considered as the morphologic equivalent of irreversible cell death, develop in a later phase, often as a result of secondary events such as microcirculatory impairment or tissue lactic acidosis. A striking difference in vulnerability exists between cerebral cell types or anatomic brain regions. Possible determinant factors for this phenomenon are discussed. Finally, the special contribution of calcium in cell destructive processes is demonstrated with the aid of ultrastructural calcium distribution studies. PMID- 6525240 TI - Extinction of associative learning in Hermissenda: behavior and neural correlates. AB - The nudibranch mollusk Hermissenda crassicornis' normal attraction to light can be suppressed by repeated pairings of light with rotation. The present study examines the effects of extinction procedures on this simple form of associative learning. Presentation of non-reinforced light steps following associative conditioning resulted in an attenuation of phototaxic suppression, evident at both short- and long-term retention intervals. The absence of habituation of phototaxic behavior, coupled with the failure to demonstrate spontaneous recovery of extinguished conditioned suppression, indicates that extinction of associative conditioning in Hermissenda depends little upon non-associative learning processes. Electrophysiological evidence indicates that the Type B photoreceptors, which have been causally implicated in the acquisition and retention of associative learning, play an important role in mediating extinction as well. Enhanced input resistances and light responses of B cells, which are produced by associative training, are absent for animals subsequently exposed to light unaccompanied by rotation. In terms of both behavioral and electrophysiological measures, extinction appears to result primarily from a reversal of the original acquisition process. PMID- 6525241 TI - Effect of sleep deprivation on sleep and EEG power spectra in the rat. AB - EEG power spectra of the rat were computed for consecutive 4-s epochs of the daily light period and matched with the scores of the vigilance states. Sleep was characterized by a progressive decline of low frequency spectral values (i.e. slow wave activity) in non-rapid eye movement (non-REM) sleep, and a progressive increase in the amount of REM sleep. During recovery from 24-h total sleep deprivation (TSD) the following changes were observed: an increase of slow wave activity in non REM sleep with a persisting declining trend; an enhancement of theta activity (7.25-10.0 Hz) both in REM sleep and waking; a decrease of non-REM sleep and an increase of REM sleep. In addition, a slow wave EEG pattern prevailed in the awake and behaving animal during the initial recovery period. In selective sleep deprivation paradigms, either REM sleep or slow wave activity in non-REM sleep was prevented during a 2-h period following upon 24-h TSD. During both procedures, non-REM sleep spectra in the lowest frequency band showed no increase. There was no evidence for a further enhancement of slow wave activity after its selective deprivation. The results indicate that: (1) slow wave activity in non-REM sleep and theta activity in REM sleep may reflect sleep intensity; and (2) REM sleep and active waking, the two states with dominant theta activity, may be functionally related. PMID- 6525242 TI - The effects of intravenous diazepam and hyoscine upon recognition memory. AB - Diazepam and hyoscine are known to have amnesic effects when administered intravenously. Nevertheless, they achieve these effects by entirely different neurochemical mechanisms, and so the question arises whether they can be differentiated in terms of their effects upon different categories of encoding operations. Sixteen normal volunteers received intravenous administrations of diazepam, hyoscine, and saline following a double-blind procedure. Both drugs completely eliminated the subjects' ability to discriminate between successive lists of words in a test of recognition memory. Moreover, both drugs also impaired the subjects' ability to reject homophones or synonyms of presented words. Thus, both diazepam and hyoscine appeared to impair the use of list tags, phonemic coding, and semantic coding in storing individual stimulus items in long term memory. PMID- 6525243 TI - Neural substrates for tone-conditioned bradycardia demonstrated with 2 deoxyglucose. I. Activation of auditory nuclei. AB - The 2-deoxyglucose (2-DG) autoradiographic method was used to map the metabolic activity of auditory nuclei before, during and after conditioning. The experiment involved freely behaving rats in a Pavlovian conditioning paradigm in which a 4-5 kHz frequency modulated tone (CS) was paired with aversive electrical stimulation of the midbrain reticular formation (US). The unconditioned response was a rapid decrease in heart rate evoked by the US. Eight groups of rats were subjected to: (1) the tone CS before conditioning; (2) the US alone; (3) the paired CS-US (acquisition); (4) the tone CS after conditioning (extinction); (5) the US prior to the CS (sensitization); (6) the unpaired CS-US (pseudoconditioning); (7) the CS after pseudoconditioning; and (8) no stimulation. The major finding was the differential effect produced by the same tone before and after conditioning. The results showed that: (a) reticular mechanisms interact with incoming acoustic stimuli and modulate the response of auditory nuclei; (b) within each auditory nucleus the region of overlap of the spatial representations of CS and US developed an enhanced metabolic response during conditioning; and (c) the CS representation within the neuronal space of the tonotopic maps in all auditory nuclei, with the exception of the medial geniculate, reflected the learned behavioral value of the CS. The changes revealed by the 2-DG method represent the first anatomical demonstration of the activating effects of reticular sensitization and conditioning on a sensory system. The observations support the conclusion that auditory responses are dependent on the physical as well as on the behavioral parameters of a stimulus. PMID- 6525244 TI - REM-sleep deprivation, stress and emotional behavior in rats. AB - Eighty-eight adult white rats were divided into 9 groups. Groups 1 and 2 served as controls. The rats of Group 3 were repeatedly aroused during 4 days at the very onset of each REM-sleep period by direct midbrain reticular formation stimulation. This deprivation decreased the daily amount of REM-sleep by 70%, while slow-wave sleep was reduced by 10% only. In Group 4, the animals were given food and water for 1 h a day only. Groups 5 and 6 were subjected to immobilization and cold stress, respectively. Groups 7, 8 and 9 were deprived of REM-sleep on platforms of 15, 11 and 6.5 cm in diameter, respectively. Stress was estimated by the classical Selye's triad: weight of adrenals and thymus and gastric ulceration. Emotionality was measured in the open-field and also by self stimulation of the lateral hypothalamus. Neither emotional behavior disturbances nor Selye's stress features were found after REM-deprivation in Group 3. Moreover, arousal deprivation induced a slight, though significant, reduction in adrenal weight. Also, no changes in emotional behavior were noted in stress exposed groups (5 and 6). Only the interplay between REM-sleep deprivation and stress on the platforms (Groups 7, 8 and especially 9) led to a considerable shift in emotionality. PMID- 6525245 TI - Inhibition of locomotor activity during cholinergically-induced emotional aversive response in the cat. AB - Unilateral injections of carbachol (CCh, 10 micrograms) into the anterior hypothalamic/preoptic area of cats caused an inhibition of locomotor activity measured in two different ways in 4-field and 100-field activity boxes. This inhibition was accompanied by crouched posture of the cat's body, general arousal with increased number of searching head movements, autonomic manifestations, and vocalization. Recordings of the growling component of vocalization, serving as a quantitative index of CCh-induced emotional-aversive response, showed that the period of maximal inhibition of locomotor activity coincided with the peak values of vocalization. We conclude that direct injections of CCh into the anterior hypothalamic/preoptic area in cats activate a central mechanism responsible for an inhibition of locomotor activity. This inhibition seems to be one of the natural components of defensive responses, further supporting the suggestion that the CCh-induced emotional-aversive response is equivalent to naturally occurring defensive behavior in cats. PMID- 6525246 TI - Perfect interocular transfer of visual pattern discriminations in split-chiasm cats trained with fading. AB - It has been reported that the interocular transfer of visual pattern discrimination is imperfect in split-chiasm cats. Perhaps the efficiency of callosal transfer is to some extent determined by the training procedure employed. To test that possibility, we trained 3 split-chiasm cats with a Classical Procedure used in interocular transfer studies (CP cats) and 4 split chiasm cats with Fading (Fading cats). The Fading procedure consisted of the presentation of two stimuli which differed maximally at the beginning of training; through a series of gradual steps their difference was reduced to a minimal value required to control the desired discriminative behavior. Confirming previous studies, CP cats showed a drop in the discriminative performance when the viewing eye was changed from trained to untrained and they needed additional trials to reattain criterion with the untrained eye. Fading cats, however, showed no difference when the viewing eye was changed; criterion was immediately reached with the untrained eye. It is suggested that the perfect interocular transfer shown by the Fading paradigm represents efficient callosal transmission and stabilized, well organized memory traces. PMID- 6525247 TI - [Description of therapeutic systems using transmucosal absorption]. PMID- 6525248 TI - [Risks in the preparation and administration of antineoplastic agents]. PMID- 6525249 TI - [N-substituted p-fluorobenzene sulfonamides. 2. Evaluation of antileukemic activity]. PMID- 6525250 TI - [Pharmacokinetics of zidometacin in the aged patient]. PMID- 6525251 TI - [Coenzyme Q10 in myocardial insufficiency]. PMID- 6525252 TI - [Erythrocyte survival in patients with G6PD deficiency during administration of suprofen]. PMID- 6525253 TI - Cervical efferent vagal stimulation related or unrelated to cardiac cycles: comparison of negative atrial inotropic effects. AB - Efferent cervical vagal stimulations were performed in 4 anesthetized dogs, either with trains of stimuli of constant frequency (CONT), or with brief trains, triggered by the atrial electrical activity (TRIG). Heart rate was increased by cardiac pacing during vagal stimulations. Negative inotropic effects of vagal stimulations, evaluated as changes in atrial contractility, were partially inhibited by cardiac acceleration during CONT, but were unaffected during TRIG. It is concluded that the number of stimuli per cycle, not the number of stimuli per second, is the critical factor for parasympathetic heart regulation. PMID- 6525254 TI - [Postnatal variations in the electrophysiological characteristics of the mouse heart]. AB - Electrocardiograms were recorded in 13 mice, from birth up to 57 days of age; during this period the heart rate, at rest, showed a marked increase (from 310 to 797 beats/min), occurring in two waves. Recordings of the intracellular electrical activity in the atria disclosed a different temperature dependence of the resting membrane potential, action potential duration and Vmax in the neonatal mouse as compared with the adult one. The results are consistent with the suggestion that a decrease of the 'slow inward' conductance/K+ outward conductance ratio still occurs during a postnatal period. PMID- 6525255 TI - [Evaluation of a new chromogenic method for measuring prothrombin time in the control of oral anticoagulant therapy]. AB - In this study we compared a new chromogenic prothrombin assay, utilizing Chromozym TH, with some commercially available test system commonly used for monitoring oral anticoagulant (OA) therapy. The chromogenic assay has been applied to the Multistat III. In 75 patients attending OA therapy it showed excellent correlation and good diagnostic correspondence to the other methods. The present results indicate that the chromogenic prothrombin assay could be a worthful tool in monitoring OA therapy. PMID- 6525256 TI - [Definition of the analytical relation between the surface and internal perimeter of seminiferous tubules from subjects with normal spermatogenesis]. AB - Luminal tubular measurements are executed in testis with normal spermatogenesis to individuate, by computerized morphometric method, the ratio between these two values. Statistical evaluations and calculation of the regression curves demonstrate that this ratio is well described by means of an exponential equation which coefficients are determined. This parameter results very useful in the diagnosis of Sertoli cell only syndrome and maturation arrest both characterized by tubular lumen modification. PMID- 6525257 TI - [Circadian and circumannual variations in the level of plasma TSH and prolactin in healthy adult males]. AB - 4 healthy young volunteers were submitted to the study of circadian and circannual oscillations of plasma TSH and Prolactin. Our data demonstrated the existence of a circadian rhythm for TSH with acrophase at 04,39 and a circannual rhythm of the same hormone with acrophase in January. While for Prolactin it was possible to detect a circadian rhythm with acrophase at 04,29. We failed to demonstrate any circannual variation of plasma hormonal levels. PMID- 6525258 TI - Triglyceride and cholesterol levels during pregnancy in type I, type II and gestational diabetic women. AB - Longitudinal observation of fasting triglyceride and total cholesterol levels throughout gestation in 16 type I, 13 type II, 11 GDM and 14 normal pregnant women was made. There were no significant differences between the groups examined, except the higher levels of triglycerides in GDM group during the second trimester (p less than 0.05). Probably these results are due to "good" metabolic compensation, achieved in diabetic pregnant women. PMID- 6525259 TI - [Variability in the dormancy of seeds of Securigera securidaca (L.) Deg. et Dorfl. Preliminary note]. AB - The germination rate of seeds of Securigera securidaca varied abruptly from 0% to 100% in different years of maturation, and this variability did not seem to be due to climatic differences during the period of seed maturation. These seeds showed also polymorphism in colour, which appeared to be related with varying depths of dormancy. This last one seemed to be increased by a short ageing of the seeds. PMID- 6525260 TI - [Anal sphincter function following colorectal anastomosis with a stapler by transperineal-sphincter approach]. AB - In 4 patients who under went low anterior resection for cancer of mid and lower 1/3 of the rectum, with colo-rectal anastomosis by posterior transphinteric approach, anorectal pressure profiles have been studied by open tip technique 30 d. 6 months following operation. Bowel movements, gas and feces discrimination and anal continence were also controlled. Resting pressure, delta % pressure changes during recto-anal reflex, pressure in voluntary contraction, altered in the first post-operative period, become normal in 6 months. Although volume and pressure at urgent rectal sensation, volume and rectal sensation and compliance altered after surgery did not change after 6 months, suggesting that the reservoir function of the rectum is lost, patients achieved a good control of bowel movements, and a good gas and feces discrimination and anal continence within the first 6 months of operation. PMID- 6525261 TI - [The use of mechanical suturing in colorectal anastomoses]. AB - In 16 patients affected by cancer of the mild or lower 3 of the rectum, has been performed a colorectal anastomosis by EEA Stapler, with abdomino-transanal approach. In the postoperative period no case of anastomotic bleeding or stenosis has been observed. 3 patients (18%) presented minor anastomotic dehiscence detected by radiologic examination, without clinical symptomatology. The EEA Stapler anastomosis seem sure almost as the traditional hand sutures, and allow the execution of anterior resection instead of abdominal perineal amputation of rectum. PMID- 6525262 TI - [The use of mechanical suturing in esophago-jejunal anastomoses]. AB - 10 esophagojejunostomies by EEA Stapler were performed on adult patients (8 males and 2 females, mean age 54 years), after total gastrectomy for gastric cancer. No postoperative bleeding or stricture were observed. 2 anastomotic leaks occurred (20%). The major cause of anastomotic failure is probably technical (incorrect assembly or lubrication of the instrument). According to the our experience and to literary data, the use of stapling devices for performance of esophagojejunostomies is recommended. PMID- 6525263 TI - [Validity of a biophysical model for predicting heart rate values during activities operating under a risk of thermal stress]. AB - After measuring the heart rate values of workers unfolding a standardized job made under unfavourable microclimatic conditions, the Authors calculate them by application of a proposed biophysical model starting from ambient climatic conditions, energetic expenditure and thermal resistance of the clothing. The results, compared by means of statistical methods, do not show any significant difference between the two methods. Therefore is also possible the proposal of the use of the biophysical model for the prevision of heart rate under standardized working conditions. PMID- 6525264 TI - [Influence of maltitol on lipid metabolism: fatty acid composition of the heart and brain of the rat]. AB - Maltitol is a disaccharide molecule with special physicochemical characteristics due to a glycosidic bond which is not easily split by the natural disaccharidases. This study was designed to investigate possible metabolic consequences of maltitol feeding (replacing one third of carbohydrate quota in the diet) on the lipid metabolism and particularly on the fatty acid composition of rat heart and brain. Result did not show, for group fed with maltitol, significant composition difference. Therefore this glucide can not be considered responsible for metabolic alteration on studied organs. PMID- 6525265 TI - [Modifications in the oscillation of substrates in obese subjects subjected to variations in the pattern of meal-timing]. AB - In a group of obese subjects kept on hypocaloric diet during a period of 18 days, an eventual different behaviour of carbohydrates and lipids oxidation following to meal-timing manipulation (a single meal given only at 10.00 hr or at 18.00 hr of each day) has been studied by indirect calorimetry. No significant difference of body weight reduction was noticed in both dietetic regimens. In the group of obese subjects who consumed the single meal at 10.00, a slight increase of carbohydrates oxidation was noticed, without a statistical significance, whereas in the group with single meal at 18.00 h a significant increase of lipids oxidation resulted. PMID- 6525266 TI - [Antigenic characteristics of various strains of Campylobacter jejuni. Preliminary note: technic of extraction of soluble thermostable antigens]. AB - Immune serum from rabbit has been obtained against Campylobacter jejuni ATCC no 29428 from the same strain an antigen of the outer Envelope was prepared by EDTA extraction. The specificity of antibodies against the outer antigen has been observed by direct agglutination, C.F., passive haemoagglutination and houcherlony test in agar. In eight other strains of Campylobacter isolated from patients, cross reactions with the ATCC no 29428 strain have been stored, by direct agglutination: only one strain (H) cross-reacted with the immune serum in use. PMID- 6525267 TI - [Influence of the sensorimotor cortex on single neurons of the nucleus gracilis in the cat]. AB - The aim of this study was to investigate the functional role of the cortical projections to gracile nucleus. In unanesthetized cats single nuclear units projecting to the thalamus were tested for microstimulation of cortical foci (area 4) able to evoke single joint movements in contralateral hindlimb. A very significant percentage of gracile cells was influenced, very often in excitatory manner, if their receptive field was overlaying or very close to the joint controlled by a given cortical focus. Conversely, when the location of the receptive field was more distant, the percentage of responses and the incidence of excitatory effects decreased, inhibitions occurring more frequently. From a functional point of view, such an organization of the cortico-gracile control could be effective in modulating transmission of exteroceptive information from the region of the motor target (facilitation) as well as from adjacent ones (suppression). This arrangement could provide an higher resolution of afferent messages, in relation with the cortically induced movements. PMID- 6525268 TI - P 300 latency, age and cognitive styles. AB - 20 normal subjects were submitted to seven auditory ERP paradigms in which they were required to count regularly presented cliks (A1, A2, A3), cliks presented in pseudorandom order (B) and in which they had to discriminate relevant from non relevant stimuli characterized by side of provenience (C1, C2) or intensity difference (D). In paradigms C and D a P 300 component was evoked. Age was significantly correlated with P 300 latency only in paradigm D. There was a significant relationship between differences in subjective feelings of difficulty or engagement in performing the counting tasks in C and D and P 300 latency. PMID- 6525269 TI - [Essential fatty acids in adipose tissue]. AB - Among the numerous causes of lipomobilization of fatty acids from the adipose tissue it is also carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). The research shows that the saturated fatty acids decreased in this tissue of the rats injected with CCl4, even if the linolenic and alpha-linolenic acids are present in the diet. PMID- 6525270 TI - [Correlation between medium C-chain fatty acids and polyunsaturated fatty acids]. AB - The medium C-chain fatty acids increased in the muscle, lungs, pancreas and adipose tissue (and not in the liver) of the rats injected with CCl4 or nourished with "balanced" diet for the lipids. When CCl4 and balanced diet are furnished together, these acids decrease strongly: the discussion of the results is difficult. PMID- 6525271 TI - [Description of the shape of carcinomatous nodules of the breast by means of high degree polynomial equations and Fourier harmonic analysis]. AB - Breast cancer nodule shape has been investigated by two analytical procedures: upper degree polynomials and harmonic Fourier analysis. An automized method (TV camera interfaced with a computer) has been employed to find the coefficients of kth order equation giving the best fit. Then the difference between real node contour and function curve has been calculated and submitted to harmonic analysis. This gives the sine/cosine coefficients of the two series and the amplitude of the harmonics. The results point out that no difference exists between metastatic and non metastatic tumors and suggest that parametrized descriptors calculated may represent a peculiar behaviour in the growth of the tumor. PMID- 6525272 TI - [Evaluation of the effect of cloxacillin on human lymphocyte chromosomes through the study of karyotypic changes and sister chromatid exchanges]. AB - The aim of this work was the evaluation of the possible mutagenic effect of an antibiotic, the Cloxacillin. Therefore the authors have performed the analysis of the chromosomal alterations and the study of the SCE (Sister Chromatid Exchanges) induced with the exposition of cultures of lymphocytes to different concentrations of this drug. The work reveals that Cloxacillin induces chromosomal alterations at high concentrations, while at concentrations similar to its therapeutic levels the drug does not seem to interfere with human DNA. PMID- 6525273 TI - [Sister chromatid exchanges induced in human lymphocyte chromosomes by trifluralin, atrazine and simazine]. AB - Many epidemiological and experimental "in vivo" studies have proved in recent years the carcinogenic properties of herbicides. In order to evaluate the "in vitro" action on the human DNA of Trifluralin, Atrazine and Simazine (active principles of herbicides Treflan and Fogard S respectively) the authors have studied the rates of SCE in cultures of human lymphocytes exposed to different concentrations of a solution 1 ppm of the substances. Trifluralin and Simazine, but not Atrazine, increase SCE per cell, with statistical significance, in the cultures with the highest concentrations of these substances. (SCE per cell: Trifluralin 5.27 +/- 1.38, Simazine 5.09 +/- 1.19, Control 3.51 +/- 1.14). PMID- 6525274 TI - [Simulation of the metastatic spread of mammary carcinoma by evaluation of the shortest routes in a computerized model of the lymphatic system represented in a three-dimensional map]. AB - A simulation model of mammary lymphatics has been realized by a computerized system to draw a tridimensional map of all lymphnode stations (axillary, supraclavear and internal mammary lymphnodes) draining from the breast. The purpose was to identify the minimal routes between tumor and lymphnodes and among different nodal points that represent lymphnodes of the lymphatic net situated at various distance from tumor. A simulation of node metastatization has been performed giving to every route of the model a different weight represented by the distance between the nodes. PMID- 6525275 TI - The cord blood oxygen affinity from normal human newborns: 1) A methodological approach. AB - A correct analysis of O2 affinity in neonatal whole blood puts some important, still unsolved problems of methodology, mainly based upon the fact that this kind of blood is a mixture of at least two major hemoglobins, i.e. 2/3 Hb-F and 1/3 Hb A, having different affinities. Whereas adult blood mainly contains Hb-A. Within such a perspective, the Authors have checked if the empirical Davenport's nomogram, correcting the pO2s of adult blood to the same standard pH of 7.4, can also be used for neonatal blood. The answer is affirmative, and in addition the nomogram can also be replaced, with some advantage, by an only mathematical correction of the measured pO2s, in which pH differences from 7.4 (either positive or negative) are converted in proportional differences of pO2 and either added or subtracted to the values of these latter. Hb-CO level is undoubtedly higher in newborns than in non-smoker adults, but no factor for T50 calculation of neonatal blood has been till now identified. The Authors have determined a factor of -0.36, which can be obtained from the homologous (experimental) "adult" factor of -0.27, by multiplying this latter for 1.35. PMID- 6525276 TI - Erythrocyte zincprotoporphyrin (ZPP) in subjects with heterozygote beta thalassemia, acquired non-microcytic anemias and iron deficiency. AB - The authors examine the utility of zinc protoporphyrin level in blood (ZPP) as diagnostic test for some anemias with different etiology. Our results show that the observed ZPP rise both in sideropenic anemia and lead poisoning, is related to TIBC increase. This relation demonstrates that both in these anemias a close correlation exists with disorders of iron metabolism. Furthermore such a correlation is not seen in thalassemic trait and in acquired non microcotic anemias. PMID- 6525278 TI - [Use of the personal computer for the study of biological images]. AB - In order to study anatomical structures, a computerized system was developed to build planar and tree-dimensional models. The hardware utilizes an external synchronizing telecamera to magnify the image on a personal computer monitor screen, which is utilized as a cartesian plain, to extract the x-y co-ordinates of some reference points from the image. The computer stores and utilizes them to evaluate geometrical parameters (area and volume) and to build planar or tree dimensional models. PMID- 6525277 TI - [Biological screening of immuno-mediated marrow insufficiency by means of the CFU GM assay]. AB - We studied in agar growth behaviour of bone marrow granulocyte-macrophage progenitor cells (CFU-GM) in 16 patients with marrow failure in order to discriminate patients with cells inhibiting granulopoiesis both in bone marrow and peripheral blood. Our experimental design was based on: a) agar culture of bone marrow cells before and after treatment with antilymphocyte globulin (AGL); b) agar co-culture of marrow cells with autologous lymphocytes from peripheral blood. ALG treatment of marrow cells determined CFU-GM growth increase in 4 out of 10 patients; in the same patients co-culture with autologous lymphocytes showed a significant inhibition of CFU-GM growth. The growth enhancement induced by ALG treatment "in vitro" associated with growth inhibition in the coculture suggests the existence of a lymphocyte population suppressing the granulopoiesis both in bone marrow and peripheral blood. With this work we propose an experimental model in order to discriminate marrow failure based on cell-mediated suppression of CFU-GM growth in patient susceptible of immunosuppressive therapy with ALG. PMID- 6525279 TI - [Three-dimensional reconstruction on the personal computer of lesions of the central nervous system]. AB - This study presents results obtained using section counting system to examine intact as well as lesioned structures in the rat S.N.C. This new approach consists in the utilization of a television camera projecting magnified brain sections directly on the computer monitor screen. Tridimensional reconstructions and rapid evaluations of volume, area and other parameters are then available by means of this system. PMID- 6525280 TI - [Changes induced by dimethylformamide on platelet function and coagulation activity]. AB - The effect of Dimethylformamide on platelet function and on clotting system has been studied on eight workers exposed to the product, widely used in industry as a solvent of acrylic resins. A significant reduction of the number of the platelets and a drawing out of PTT and PT has been noticed. Such informations has been explained as chronical peripheral use or as modification of phospholipid components induced by DMF instead of synthesis defect, as no significant variation of the fibrinogen and of AT III values, proteins synthetized by liver, has been observed. The platelet aggregation has pointed out, in vivo, a reduction of ADP aggregation in the exposed subjects; in vitro, increasing quantities have determined an increasing reduction of the primary ADP and adrenaline aggregation. PMID- 6525281 TI - [Stability of esters in the blood in vitro]. AB - The aim of this paper was to evaluate the lambda values of this group of solvents experimentally, by means of an analytical method which has already been used for other solvents. During our experiments we found that most acetates we tested (n butyl-acetate; sec.butyl-acetate; ter-butyl-acetate; ethyl-acetate; amyl-acetate; methyl-acetate; n-propyl-acetate) were particularly unstable and hydrolyzed rapidly in alcohol and in the corresponding acid. The "in vitro" behaviour of these substances allow to draw the following conclusions: 1) For the acetates it is not possible to measure the values since the involved substances are chemically unstable in blood. 2) As it was shown by the half-life times of the "in vitro" acetates, the alcohols and the corresponding acids, are released rapidly in blood. 3) The biological monitoring of the acetates in expired air is not very significant; perhaps it is better to measure the corresponding alcohol in expired air. 4) In some cases the TLV of the alcohols is much lower than for the corresponding acetates; this finding and the rapid biotransformation we observed make us think that the TLV's proposed for some acetates are too high. PMID- 6525282 TI - [Morphological study by scanning electron microscopy of the lymphatic vessels of the guinea pig]. AB - The purpose of this study was to describe the morphology of the whole lymphatic way: from capillaries to thoracic duct including cisterna chili using scanning electron microscopy and Evan's technique. We observed the lymph vascular wall that is: the endothelial surface, the muscular layer and the adventitial one. All these vessels were covered by an endothelial surface, with raised nuclei and long cell axes oriented parallel to the direction of flow. The borders between adjacent endothelial cell were often seen and open junctions were noted in lymphatic capillaries. The technique we used, permitted the removal of connective tissue by HC1 hydrolysis, so that smooth muscle cells could be examined. The latter showed a great variety of aspects and a very irregular course. The adventitial layer was thin in capillaries and became complex in thoracic duct where collagen fibers and connective elements were seen. PMID- 6525283 TI - Morphological aspects in phase-contrast and transmission electron microscopy of senescent cultures of bovine aortic endothelial cells. AB - Some cultures of bovine aortic endothelial cells underwent an early senescence process, which may have been favoured by a special differential attachment trypsinization procedure. In order to better characterize this phenomenon, the cultures were observed at phase-contrast and electron microscopy at various passages. In phase-contrast microscopy, senescent cells were always larger than "younger" cells, and giant cells were very frequent. A great heterogeneity both of shape and size was present and the cells appeared shrunken, rigid and unable to cover the whole surface of the flask. In many senescent cells long fibres, running from one to the other side of the cytoplasm and often bridging over the nucleus were found. At transmission electron microscopy, together with a great abundance of rough endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria and lysosomes, and the occasional presence of Weibel-Palade bodies, peripheric bundles of filaments, probably referable to actin or acto-myosin were found. These fibres may be interpreted as "stress fibres" and, as they are expression of a tension not accompanied by an effective cell motility, it seems of interest that they appear in senescent cells, which are often unable to cover the whole surface of flasks by migrating and subsequently proliferating in empty areas. PMID- 6525284 TI - [Mesentery collector valves in the guinea pig: morpho-functional aspects]. AB - In guinea pig mesenterial lymph vessels there are many bicuspid valves, which determine the flow centralwards of lymph. Our observations, based on the study of 52 guinea pig lymph collectors, demonstrated a different number of valves on different parts of each vessel. In fact we found more valves in the part near the intestinal wall and the mesenterial lymph node than in the middle part of the vessel. Besides we measured the time of flow in these different portions by Indian ink injection and we found a correlation between valve number and flow. In fact the time of flow decreases with the increase of the number of valves the shortest being near the intestinal wall and the mesenterial lymph node and the longest being in the middle part of the collectors. The experimental data indicate that the valves have an important role in the lymph circulation because they favour the flow lymph velocity. PMID- 6525285 TI - [Hexokinase in bone marrow cells in the rabbit]. AB - The hexokinase isozymic pattern of circulating reticulocytes fractionated by density gradient ultracentrifugation was studied. All the cellular fractions obtained show similar ratio of hexokinase Ia/hexokinase Ib while a four fold decay in specific activity was evidenced. Bone-marrow cells of anemic rabbits also contain low amounts of HK Ib while this isozymic form is not present in basophilic erythroblasts. PMID- 6525286 TI - [Serum monoamine oxidase (MAO) in the differential diagnosis of chronic liver disease. I]. AB - Aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic value of serum MAO activity (sMAO) in chronic liver disease. sMAO has been assayed by benzylamine colorimetric method. No statistically significant differences of sMAO values have been found between controls and acute viral hepatitis or various diseases patients. Differences instead between controls and patients sMAO values (chronic persistent hepatitis, chronic active hepatitis and liver cirrhosis) were statistically significant (p less than 0.005). PMID- 6525287 TI - [Various biohumoral parameters (blood triglycerides, blood cholesterol, blood uric acid, blood electrolytes) after automatic control by an artificial pancreas in subjects with type I diabetes mellitus]. AB - Aim of the present paper is to study the modifications of some laboratory parameters most related to glycaemic metabolism during 24 hours of feed-back glycaemic control by artificial beta-cell. Twelve subjects affected by insulin dependent diabetes mellitus were submitted to GCIIS BIOSTATOR Miles evaluating, before and after 24 hours, blood tryglicerides, cholesterol, uric acid, sodium, potassium. A significant variation was found between the trygliceridemic values before and after automatic control. There was no variation in natriemic values before and after control. Variations, but not significant, were found in cholesterolemic, kaliemic and uricacidaemic values. PMID- 6525288 TI - [Circadian rhythm oscillations in body temperature, serum cortisol, prolactin and TSH in obese patients subjected to a change in meal-timing]. AB - In obese subjects, treated by hypocaloric diet, meal-timing was modified: a single meal in the morning or a single meal in the afternoon, given during 18 days in order to emphasize eventual modifications of circadian rhythms of serum cortisol, prolactin, TSH and body temperature. The study was performed using macroscopic approach by circadian chronograms of the mean values. The meal-timing modifications do not change the rhythm of serum cortisol and TSH; while as far as the rhythms of serum prolactin and body temperature, are concerned, in subjects given the meal only in the morning, these rhythms were suppressed. PMID- 6525289 TI - [Serum concentrations of calcitonin and parathormone in the cord blood of premature infants]. AB - Determinations of serum calcium (Ca), calcitonin (CT) and parathyroid hormone (PTH) were carried out in mixed cord blood of 23 preterm infants. Gestational age ranged between 25 and 37 weeks. 17 of theme were vaginally delivered while 6 were delivered by emergency Caesarean section. 4 neonates died because of respiratory distress syndrome. The serum was stored at -30 degrees C until the determinations. Serum Ca levels were determined by spectrophotometry while CT and PTH levels by RIA (Immuno Nuclear Co). In cord serum the mean (M +/- SE) Ca,CT and PTH concentrations of all neonates examined were respectively: 9,9 +/- 0,6 mg/dl; 176 +/- 44 pg/ml and 1100 +/- 446 pg/ml. Serum values of CT and PTH in preterm newborns delivered by emergency Caesarean section were significantly higher than in those neonates vaginally delivered (CT: 302 +/- 115 vs 94 +/- 9 pg/ml; p less than 0.005) (PTH:2655 +/- 1857 vs 466 +/- 59 pg/ml; p less than 0.05). No differences were observed between serum CT and PTH levels in preterm neonates of different gestational age. Both CT and PTH serum concentrations were higher in neonates who died. In conclusion, the preterm neonate is able to secrete both peptides and to maintain Ca homeostasis; the mode of delivery likely affects the CT and PTH secretion; unexplainable high CT and PTH serum levels were detected in poor outcome preterm infants. PMID- 6525291 TI - [Effects of zinc sulfate on limbic motor epilepsy induced by kainic acid]. AB - In the present study the Authors have investigated the effects of chronic pretreatment with injections of Zn++ sulphate solution on kainic acid induced epilepsy, to verify wether or not Zn++ is able to change the epileptiform pattern induced by kainic acid infection. Results obtained show that Zn++ do not produce any significant change in the experimental parameters by us study. PMID- 6525290 TI - [Effect of sex steroids in vivo and in vitro on the binding of uric acid to plasma proteins]. AB - Modifications on the binding of uric acid to human plasma proteins have been studied in regularly menstruating females aged 25-30 years with a normal cycle, in comparison with a group of healthy age-matched males and with a group of post menopausal females. The binding of uric acid to plasma proteins was estimated using micropartition system Amicon. The results obtained demonstrate a significant increase of uric acid binding during ovulatory and mid-luteal phase of menstrual cycle. No modifications are shown in post-menopausal females and in healthy males. No modifications have been shown with the same experiments performed in vitro. PMID- 6525292 TI - [N-dealkylation of chlorimipramine and chlorpromazine in patients undergoing chronic treatment with both drugs: preliminary results]. AB - Data obtained in this preliminary study show that in patients chronically treated either with Chlorimipramine (n = 6) or with Chlorpromazine (n = 2), significant amounts of the corresponding Nor1- and Nor2-metabolites were detected in plasma. The role of these metabolites in the overall therapeutic effect is under investigation. PMID- 6525293 TI - [Determination of the energy load of erythrocytes in long-distance and medium distance runners]. AB - In this study erythrocytes drawn from well-trained athletes (middle- and long distance runners) and from sedentary subjects have been compared for their adenine nucleotide contents. ADP and AMP appeared to be significantly (p less than 0,001) increased only in red cells from athletes in the rest state. After athletes' race this difference with control subjects become insignificant. Nevertheless, the observed ADP and AMP modifications are not great enough to influence the energy charge (CE) of the compared erythrocytes. PMID- 6525294 TI - Evaluation of a new radioimmunological assay for the determination of the B subunit of creatine kinase enzyme. AB - We used a new radioimmunological (RIA) kit for the assay of B subunit of creatine kinase enzyme (CK). This RIA system uses a specific antisera against the B subunit as ligant, human CK-BB labelled with 125I as tracer, and purified human CK-BB isoenzyme as standard. The mean (+/- SD) sensitivity obtained was 0.25 +/- 0.16 ng/tube and the between assay variability was about 9-10%. Serum levels of 113 normal subjects was not normally distributed. The 95% of values was found below 5 ng/ml. This new RIA is usefull in clinical practice when serum levels of CK-BB isoenzyme must be determined. This method is quickly and it is characterized by a good degree of precision, but the CK-MB isoenzyme cross-reacts for about 40% in this RIA system. Therefore, for the clinical diagnosis by means of this RIA it is necessary to rule out the concomitant elevations of serum CK-MB values. PMID- 6525295 TI - [Determination by capillary gas liquid chromatography of nitrosamine in partially altered food]. AB - The nitrosamines have been extensively studied for their toxicity. Their formation in the foods containing nitrous and nitric derivatives is favoured by the presence of suitable substrata. In the present work have been used column and capillari GL Chromatography for the determination of some nitrosamines in altered foods. The results obtained by applying the suggested procedure to a number of altered samples have been very encouraging. PMID- 6525296 TI - [A microanalytical gas liquid chromatography method with a nitrogen-phosphorus detector in the assay of various psychotropic drugs of tricyclic structure and of their N-demethylated metabolites]. AB - Nanogram amounts of chlorimipramine, chlorpromazine and their Nor1- and Nor2 metabolites were detected in plasma by GLC with nitrogen-sensitive detection. Two extraction procedures were compared. The use of Sep Pak C18 cartridges produced a higher degree of accuracy and precision with significant time and materials saving, as compared to the use of organic solvents in a three steps extraction procedure. PMID- 6525298 TI - [Changes in the synaptic activity in sciatic nerve-extensor digitorum longus (preparations induced by ethanol)]. AB - The aim of this research is the study of the modification of synaptic activity caused by ethanol in the rat sciatic nerve-extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle preparation. For such a purpose, intracellular recordings have been carried out, keeping the muscle immersed in normal Ringer solution and in Ringer solutions containing ethanol at different concentrations up to 0,8 M. Therefore, the resting potential of muscle cells and the frequency of m.e.p.p.s were measured. Qualitative observations of m.e.p.p.s shape were also carried out. Ethanol increases the frequency of m.e.p.p.s in the rat sciatic nerve - EDL muscle preparation. The logarithm of relative frequency (frequency in Ringer solution with ethanol/frequency in normal Ringer solution) is linear with respect to the concentration of ethanol, with a slope of 1.44. Furthermore, ethanol increases the amplitude and lengthens the time course of m.e.p.p.s. The muscle cells undergo a hyperpolarization of about 2-3% at the lowest concentrations of ethanol tested. PMID- 6525297 TI - [Microanalytical GCMS method for the assay of the food additive 2-t-butyl-4 methoxyphenol (BHA) in plasma]. AB - A GC/Ms method is described for the determination of the antioxidant 2-t-butyl-4 methoxyphenol (BHA) in plasma using Sep-Pak C18 cartridges for extraction. Picogram amounts of BHA could be detected in rat plasma with a high degree of specificity, accuracy and significant time and material saving. PMID- 6525300 TI - [Effects of low O2 tension on platelet aggregation]. AB - Several studies in animals suggest a link between haemocoagulative patterns and blood gas changes. Furthermore platelet functions seem to be affected by O2 concentrations. In the present study we have evaluated "in vitro" the effect of low PO2 concentrations on platelet aggregation in man. In 15 normal subjects (mean age 32 +/- 5) platelet aggregation ADP (end conc. 1,25 microM) and collagen induced 2 micrograms/Ml) was determined before and after exposition to low PO2 concentrations (O2 conc. 5,04%). The results show that low PO2 concentrations determine a significant increase (P less than 0,001) of platelet aggregation as compared to controls. Although the mechanism of the direct influence of PO2 concentrations upon human platelet is unclear, this finding suggest new therapeutic approaches in chronic lung obstructive diseases. PMID- 6525299 TI - [Plasma levels of apolipoprotein and HDL-cholesterol in patients with rheumatoid arthritis]. AB - The authors have examined the levels of the plasma cholesterol and triglycerides, of the plasma lipoproteins (HDL, LDL, VLDL) and of their main apolipoproteins (apo-A and apo-B) in a group of 64 patients affected by RA and in a population of healthy subjects considered as a contrast group, trying to establish a plausible dislipidemic factor which could justify the major occurrence of coronary heart disease in those patients suffering from RA. Statistical analysis was done with the T-test. There are not differences in the lipoprotein pattern between the group of patients affected by RA and the population of healthy subjects. The obtained result seem to exclude that such a major occurrence of coronary heart disease in the patients suffering from RA may be linked to the alteration of lipidic metabolism. PMID- 6525301 TI - [Effects of the use of FRIGEN (AG-Ffm-HOECST) on the determination of blood levels of some proteins (IgA, IgM, IgG, C3c, C4) in cord blood of healthy newborn infants at term by laser nephelometry]. AB - The purpose of this paper is to establishes the FRIGEN effects on the determination of IgA, IgM, IgG, C3c, C4 cord-blood levels, by means of laser nephelometry. The results show substantial interferences only in the IgA levels, whereas the other on almost all proteins are not affected, the found interference can be due to the amount of IgA bound to B-lipoprotein, that are precipitated by FRIGEN. PMID- 6525302 TI - P50 values determined by tonometry and by simplified techniques. AB - Actual determination of the position of the oxygen hemoglobin dissociation curve (P50) was compared to three methods of estimating P50 in 39 patients with various diseases. There was a significant correlation between determined and estimated P50 values (P less than 0,001) for each of the methods studied. The data suggest that calculating P50 is reliable and may replace the need for actual measurement. PMID- 6525303 TI - Anatomical bases of the transhiatus approach to the greater splanchnic nerve. AB - The level of origin and mode of constitution of the greater splanchnic nerve and its relations in the posterior mediastinum were studied. The aim of this work was to identify the anatomical basis of the transhiatus approach to the right and left greater splanchnic nerves. The azygos venous system was seen to be the main anatomical relation of these nerves. The results of this study should allow the surgeon to perform total bilateral neurotomy. PMID- 6525304 TI - Surgical anatomy of liver segment IV. AB - Classical studies of the anatomy of the liver have led to the wide practice of hepatic resection. The difficulties encountered in the course of either right hepatectomy enlarged to include segment IV or left hepatectomy are mainly related to the vascular relations of this liver segment. This paper presents a summary of data from the literature concerning segment IV of the liver, as well as the results of experimental study via an original technique of resin injection of the portal vasculature and biliary drainage of this segment. The relations of the portal pedicles of segment IV with the bile duct originating from the confluence of the ducts draining segments II and III and with the left paramedian branch of the portal vein are described. Knowledge of these anatomical relations is essential to the proper execution of major hepatectomy. PMID- 6525305 TI - The accessory middle cerebral artery (AMCA). Diagnostic and therapeutic consequences. AB - The existence of the accessory middle cerebral artery (AMCA) is a rare anatomical variation with an estimated incidence of 0.31%. The embryological development of this artery is unknown. Three anatomical subtypes are described: in the type 1 variety the AMCA arises from the internal carotid artery; in the type 2, the AMCA originates from the proximal part of the anterior cerebral artery; in type 3, the AMCA arises from the distal part of the anterior cerebral artery. The use of endovascular techniques to treat cerebral vascular malformations requires knowledge of the anatomical subtype of AMCA and the brain regions it supplies (cortex, basal ganglia). PMID- 6525306 TI - Anatomical and experimental study of the ductus venosus. AB - The authors report an anatomical study of the ductus venosus in the stillborn fetus based on resin-corrosion casts and angiography. Study in adult material was done by dissection. In the first part of this paper the classical anatomy of the ductus venosus is described and an anomalous case of a hepatic parenchymal bridge between the left and caudate lobes of the liver is reported. In the second part of this paper study of patency and dilation of the ligamentum venosum to a diameter exceeding 10 mm in adult cadavers is presented. A brief study of portal flow demonstrated that an increase in flow of 30% can be obtained by experimental induction of patency. A patent ligamentum venosum was grafted onto the abdominal aorta in the rabbit. The transplanted segment was fully patent and competent immediately after grafting, but showed thrombosis when the animal was sacrified two months after the operation. In the opinion of the authors, it may be possible to use the patent ductus venosus in man once the problems of long term resistance and patency have been solved. The latter problems are currently under investigation in our laboratory. PMID- 6525307 TI - Urinary 3-methylhistidine and urinary 3-methylhistidine/creatinine ratio in Duchenne-muscular dystrophy in hemizygotes and in gene-carriers. AB - The informative value of urinary 3-methylhistidine excretion and urinary 3 methylhistidine/creatinine ratio was investigated in DMD hemizygote male children (n = 13) and in gene-carrier mothers. A significant increase of the urinary 3 methylhistidine/creatinine ratio was found in DMD hemizygotes. There was no significant correlation between serum CK and the clinical stages of DMD and the above mentioned laboratory parameters. These parameters were not found suitable in genetic counselling concerning the DMD gene-carrier status. PMID- 6525308 TI - Noradrenaline content of cerebrospinal fluid in preterm and term infants recovering from perinatal asphyxia. AB - Noradrenaline content was measured in the cerebrospinal fluid of 17 full-term and 16 premature newborns with or without perinatal asphyxia. Upon the effect of asphyxia the noradrenaline content of cerebrospinal fluid exhibited a more than three-fold increase (from 2.61 +/- 1.45 microgram/l to 10.86 +/- 4.02 micrograms/l) in mature newborns, but it decreased to about half of the control value in premature babies (from 2.39 +/- 0.72 microgram/l to 1.25 +/- 0.70 microgram/l). The observations emphasize the role of central noradrenergic structures in the organization of asphyxia-induced stress-response and in the regulation of adaptation to extrauterine life. PMID- 6525309 TI - A genetic study of children with congenital heart defect. AB - Family history, anamnestic data concerning pregnancy and the incidence of minor and major malformations were examined in 213 children affected by congenital heart defect; a scoring system was elaborated for selecting patients for chromosomal study. The incidence of minor anomalies was not higher than among unselected healthy newborns; among children scoring 2 or more points there were two patients with chromosomal aberration and one with Noonan's syndrome. In 8% of 213 children major concomitant non-cardiac malformations were present. The incidence of congenital heart malformations among first-degree relatives amounted to 4.1%. Detection of familial cases is of utmost importance in genetic counselling. PMID- 6525310 TI - Bladder outlet obstruction in the neonate. AB - Seven neonates with severe bladder outlet obstruction causing urine retention and presenting with a large, palpable lower abdominal mass are reported. The obstruction was due in two cases to posterior urethral valves, in one case each to prune belly syndrome, prolapsing ureterocele, urethral diverticle, and in two cases to pelvic neuroblastoma. Diagnosis was based on physical examination and roentgenographic studies. Therapy and prognosis of bladder outlet obstruction in neonates are discussed. Of the seven patients, 3 neonates died, the rest are developing well. PMID- 6525311 TI - Study of exercise induced bronchospasm by various loading tests. AB - In 378 children affected by asthma and 87 healthy children, physical loading was carried out by three kinds of test, viz. free running, stairstep test or skipping, and bicycle ergometry. In 32% of healthy children physical exercise led to improved respiratory function, while this value was only 7% in asthmatics. An improvement in respiratory function exceeding 20%, i.e. appreciable bronchial dilatation, never occurred in asthma patients. The bronchospasm of healthy children showed no consistent time course, in asthmatics it was most pronounced three minutes after exercise. Exercise induced bronchospasm occurred most frequently after free running, least frequently after ergometric loading. The stairstep test and skipping provoked exercise induced bronchospasm in a nearly identical proportion. Severity of exercise induced bronchospasm exhibited a similar distribution. In addition to cases with a positive response to running test, some of the other methods revealed further 5-6% of cases. Free running is the most suitable method for demonstration of exercise induced bronchospasm, ergometric loading appears the least sensitive test in this respect. By application of three loading tests exercise induced bronchospasm could be demonstrated in 52% of paediatric asthma patients. PMID- 6525312 TI - Deleterious effects of smoking during pregnancy: studies on blood oxygen affinity. AB - 16 mothers smoking 1-40 cigarettes dialy during pregnancy and their infants were studied at delivery compared to 13 non-smoking controls. The infants of smoking mothers had significantly decreased weight and length at birth compared to the infants of non-smokers. In the smoker group the thiocyanate level in maternal venous and newborn cord blood sera was significantly higher than in the non smokers. The standard blood oxygen affinity of cord blood was significantly increased in the smokers' group and was positively correlated to the thiocyanate level in cord blood. At the age of three and five days there were no differences in the newborns' capillary blood standard oxygen affinity between the two groups. The deleterious effect of maternal smoking on the fetus and newborn is discussed. PMID- 6525313 TI - Congenital short colon associated with imperforate anus (Zachary-Morgan syndrome). AB - Two cases of short colon with imperforate anus are presented. Terminal colostomy is the therapy of choice in the neonatal period. As the definitive final procedure, trimming into a tubular structure and abdomino-perineal pull-through operation is suggested. A survey is given of similar cases reported in the literature. PMID- 6525314 TI - The electrophysiological peculiarities of childhood tachyarrhythmias. AB - Electrophysiological analysis of 20 patients in child or adolescent age affected by paroxysmal tachycardia has been performed. In 16 cases the tachycardia was supraventricular and in 4 cases it was ventricular. Evaluation of the electrophysiological parameters revealed certain characteristics of childhood tachyarrhythmias, viz. (1) adequate sinus node function, absence of sinus dysfunction, (2) absence of brachycardia, (3) acceleration of anterograde and retrograde atrioventricular impulse conduction systems. PMID- 6525315 TI - Psychomotor and social development of breast-fed and bottle-fed babies during their first year of life. AB - Until about 30 years ago breast-feeding was the natural and common method of infant feeding. With increasing technical possibilities in food industry, transfer of birth into hospital and displacement of female activities outside the family, the frequency of breast-feeding decreased, being replaced by artificial feeding methods. This work treats the impact of the two feeding methods (breast and bottle feeding) on the psychomotor and social development of the baby in the first year of life. The theoretical part gives a review of the mother-child interaction and the psychomotor and social development. As hypotheses have been proposed the suppositions that breast-feeding in the first three months of life leads to essential developmental advances in psychomotor and, above all, social maturity. This is due to the intensive visual and olfactorial experience and perception, the advantages of nutrients in breast-milk and, last not least, to the infant's autonomy regarding food quantity and time intervals. The quality of mother-child interaction is essentially influenced by the feeding method, because distance and proximity have an essential influence on their relation. As an important sign of intellectual maturity was regarded to fear reaction to strangers. The empirical part examines the hypotheses by comparing the development of breast-fed and bottle-fed babies. The psychomotor and social development of breast-fed babies clearly differs from that of bottle-fed ones and leads at the age of 12 months to significant developmental advantages of the psychomotor and social capabilities. Some suggestions are given to ensure mental health in the first year of life. PMID- 6525316 TI - Effect of thiamine on defective chemotaxis of polymorphonuclear granulocytes. A preliminary report. PMID- 6525317 TI - Steroids and Adriamycin nephrosis. AB - Adriamycin induces a nephrotic syndrome in rats characterized by severe ultrastructural changes of visceral epithelial cells similar to those observed in puromycin aminonucleoside (PA) nephrosis and in human 'minimal changes' glomerulopathy. Since steroids have been shown to be effective in human 'minimal changes' glomerulopathy and in PA nephrosis, we undertook the present study to assess whether steroids had a therapeutic effect on adriamycin nephrosis. Groups of rats injected with different doses of adriamycin were subsequently treated with prednisolone. No significant differences were observed in proteinuria and in ultrastructural findings between the control and the steroid-injected animals. This study suggests that the mechanism underlying adriamycin-induced nephrotic syndrome might be different from that responsible for PA nephrosis or human 'minimal changes' glomerulopathy. PMID- 6525318 TI - Immature Paneth cells in intestinal metaplasia of gastric mucosa. AB - Various histochemical techniques were performed on paraffin sections of gastric mucosa with intestinal metaplasia to distinguish mature from immature Paneth cells (PC) and to correlate their relative incidence with the degree of differentiation of metaplastic epithelium. The results show a higher incidence of immature PC in the poorly differentiated type of intestinal metaplasia than in the well-differentiated type. The identification of immature PC may be proposed as a further criterion in the evaluation of gastric dysplasia. PMID- 6525319 TI - [Copper level and metallothionein-like Cu-binding protein in cultured skin fibroblasts from patients with Menkes' disease and Wilson's disease]. AB - Copper concentration, intracellular copper distribution, and inducibility of metallothionein-like metal-binding protein (MLP) by copper or cadmium addition to culture medium were compared among three types of skin fibroblasts derived from patients with Menkes' disease and Wilson's disease, both exhibiting genetic defects of copper metabolism, and from normal subjects (control). Skin fibroblasts were cultivated in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium supplemented with 10% fetal calf serum and antibiotics in 5% CO2 at 37 degrees C. Cells were harvested with rubber-policeman, washed twice with phosphate-buffered saline, pH 7.2, suspended in deionized water, and homogenized. The homogenate from each cell type was used to determine the concentration of copper by atomic absorption spectrophotometry employing graphite-rod atomizer after lyophilization, ashing in HNO3, and coprecipitation with zirconium. Intracellular copper concentration was elevated in Menkes' cells (420 ng Cu/mg of protein) and Wilson's cells (217 ng Cu/mg of protein) than in control cells (90.0 ng Cu/mg of protein), although one of four Wilson's strains showed normal copper level (70.5 ng Cu/mg of protein). Cytosol copper concentration was 5.8-fold higher in Menkes' cells but only 1.3 fold in Wilson's cells than in control cells, and cytosol copper accounted for only 35% of total intracellular copper in Wilson's cells as compared with 68% and 52% in Menkes' and control cells, respectively. These suggest that accumulated copper in each cell type is differently distributed within cells; in Menkes' cells exclusively into cytosol, but in Wilson's cells into particulates rather than cytosol. Elution profiles from Sephadex G-75 columns indicated that most of copper had bound to MLP in Menkes' cells, though no Cu-MLP was detectable in Wilson's or control cells under these experimental conditions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6525320 TI - [A case of normal pressure hydrocephalus associated with cerebrovascular disorders]. AB - There has been much argument in recent years about the diagnostic and pathogenetic differences between normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) and vascular dementia (Multi-infarct dementia) or Binswanger's disease. We experienced an interesting patient, a 54-year-old male, who had left hemiparesis due to two past attacks of cerebral infarction and possible hydrocephalus had been pointed out by CT findings in 1981. He was seen on May 22, 1982, with the chief complaints of dementia, gait disturbance and urinary incontinence. He had the clinical and pathogenetic features, common to NPH and MID or Binswanger's disease. The followings were observed. These symptoms (dementia, gait disturbance, urinary incontinence) and computed tomographic findings (bilateral ventricular dilatation, periventricular lucency), as is often the case in NPH, are at times similar to those of MID or Binswanger's disease and it is difficult to distinguish NPH from MID or Binswanger's disease. We consider that there are probably many patients who are on the borderline of these three diseases. For treatment, the V-P shunt was very effective in combination with the preceding bilateral STA-MCA shunt but it is not clear whether the preceding STA-MCA shunt was required before the V-P shunt. We believe that the clinical symptoms will not appear until the ventricle is dilated to a critical degree. There was a correlation between the degree of dementia and Huckman number, one of the assessment methods for ventricular dilatation. PMID- 6525321 TI - [Somatosensory-visual-vestibular interaction in a case of vermis agenesis]. AB - It is well known that the somatosensory input is important for keep a balance as well as the visual and the vestibular inputs. However the knowledge of somatosensory-visual-vestibular interaction is incomplete at now. We have already made a mathematical model of these interactions by extension of the Raphan-Cohen model (Raphan et al, 1979) for visual-vestibular interaction with a direct and an indirect somatosensory pathway. This indirect somatosensory pathway has access to the common visual-vestibular velocity storage integrative mechanism. So the purpose of the present experiment was to verify whether such an extended model (Fig. 4) can be used to describe the nystagmus due to stimulation of the sensory system apart or in combination in case of vermis agenesis with Dandy-Walker's cyst. It was checked, on the other hand, where the lesion are extended. And moreover it was suspected that each parts of the mathematical model are compared with any central neural regions. As a result, the indirect pathways of visual, vestibular and somatosensory inputs and the direct pathways of visual and somatosensory inputs were disturbed completely. The disturbance of the indirect pathways was caused by lesion in the velocity storage integrator which was though to be included in the vestibular nuclei in monkey. The lesion in epsilon 3-h2 was suspected to explain a blockage of the direct visual pathway, and a disturbance of the direct somatosensory pathway was suspected the lesion in gs. We could explain this cause by a mathematical model for somatosensory-visual-vestibular interaction, so we could conclude that this model was useful for human beings as well as monkey.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6525322 TI - [An experimental study on the protective effect of nizofenone in cerebral ischemia]. AB - Using the "canine model of complete ischemic brain regulated with a perfusion method" in which it is possible to control the degree of blood flow to a cerebral hemisphere via a perfusion pump, the protective effects of nizofenone against cerebral ischemia was investigated. After pre-treatment with nizofenone, blood flow was reduced via the pump to 1/10 of the normal state and 1 hour later, return to the normal state was allowed. Subsequent changes in EEG activity were observed and the effect of nizofenone evaluated. In the control group, no recovery of EEG was seen following recirculation, but in the group treated with nizofenone, gradual emergence of slow waves was observed. And the degree of recovery of EEG was better in the group administered a large dosage than in those given a low dosage. Our study suggested that within the dose ranges tested, nizofenone ameliorated ischemic brain damage in a dose dependent fashion. But the application of this experimental results to the human clinical situation requires that particular note should be paid to the dangers of transient fall of blood pressure at higher dosages. PMID- 6525323 TI - [2 autopsy cases of congenital muscular dystrophy of Fukuyama type--a typical and an atypical cases]. AB - Two autopsy cases of congenital muscular dystrophy of Fukuyama type (F-CMD) were described. The first case was diagnosed clinically and pathologically as its typical case. Neither his family history nor the history of his prenatal period were contributory. He had suffered from muscle weakness and atrophy since his birth. Serum CPK was markedly elevated. EMG and muscle biopsy proved dystrophic changes of the skeletal muscles. In addition, he manifested mental retardation and attacks of convulsion. EEG failed to elicit remarkable changes, but PEG represented ventricular dilatation. He died of respiratory insufficiency at age 12. His postmortem examination showed variegated anomalies in the nervous system. Extensive micropolygyria was present in the cerebrum and cerebellum accompanied by adhesions between the bilateral cerebral hemispheres. Assymmetry of the longitudinal fibers was pointed out in the pontine base. Anterior horn cells were atrophic and moderately depopulated. On the other hand, the second patient was an atypical F-CMD case in symptoms, signs and pathology. His grand-mothers on both father's and mother's sides wee first cousins. His three siblings showed no similar disorders. His mother developed slight gestational toxicosis in the sixth and seventh months of pregnancy. His muscle weakness, contracture of the bilateral hip-joints and clubfoot had been observed since his birth. Physical and neurological examinations at age 6 showed deformity of the skull, myopathic face, macroglossia, high-arched palate, pigeon chest, scoliosis of the thoracic spine. In addition, generalized muscular atrophy, hypotonia and areflexia were recognized. Pseudohypertrophy of the muscles was absent. Sensation was intact to all modalities. Serum CPK and LDH were moderately increased.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6525324 TI - [Cerebral amyloid angiopathy in Alzheimer's disease: with special reference to its incidence and distribution]. AB - In 10 autopsied cases of terminal stage of Alzheimer's disease, the incidence and distribution of amyloid angiopathy (AA) in the brain were measured under light microscope. Further, the distribution and intensity of Alzheimer's neurofibrillary change (NFT), senile plaque (SP), and loss of neurons (CL) were compared among the individual cases. NFT and SP were frequently seen over wide areas with little individual variations. AA was present in all cases, but its distribution and frequency markedly differed from individual to individual. Generally, AA was relatively common in the pia and cortical upper layers of the frontal, temporal and occipital lobe, orbital gyrus and cerebellum, but there was no particular site showing very high rate of occurrence. SP and NFT had no correlation to AA in regard to their site and frequency. In all cases, the nucleus basalis of Meynert showed marked loss of neurons and very frequent occurrence of NFT. PMID- 6525325 TI - [Visual scanning in patients with unilateral visual neglect due to right-sided cerebro-vascular lesion]. AB - The characteristics of visual scanning in patients with unilateral visual neglect (UVN) were studied. Forty-one patients who showed UVN in the figure finding test and 21 patients who showed to UVN in the test were selected from 176 patients with the right-sided cerebro-vascular lesion. They ranged in age from 46 to 78 years. The severity of UVN in each subject was determined by the number of the figures neglected unilaterally in the figure finding test in which a subject was asked to circle the designated figures scattered among the other figures on the test paper. The following two tests were administered to each subject. Test 1 examined binocular peripheral vision by tachistoscopic method in which a white circle of 1 degree was presented for 1/8 sec at 15 degrees from the central fixation point either unilaterally or bilaterally. Test 2 investigated the movement of gazing point while a subject was searching a target on a screen with his or her head stabilized. It was recorded on 16 mm movie film with Eye-Mark Recorder Model IV (Nac Co.) and converted into a series of position coordinates from which a visual scan path was reproduced and values of variables representing characteristics of visual scanning were computed. Six of 19 subjects who demonstrated "mild" UVN were found their peripheral vision intact. The characteristics of their visual scan path did not differ from the ones of the other 9 subjects who demonstrated "no" UVN as well as intact peripheral vision.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6525327 TI - Psychotropic drugs and performance. Proceedings of a symposium, Basle, 29-30 November 1983. PMID- 6525326 TI - [Neuropathology of AIDS]. PMID- 6525328 TI - Driving performance under the influence of drugs: rationale for, and application of, a new test. AB - This paper offers the rationale for developing an over-the-road test for assessing drug effects on actual driving performance. It describes the development of such a method and results obtained in three separate experiments where the method was applied. The results support the claim that the test provides a valid measure of drug effects on one type of actual driving performance. The test may eventually find a place in the screening of psychoactive drugs for licensing. PMID- 6525329 TI - Performance and its measurement. AB - Performance involves numerous sub-functions, and cannot be treated as a unit. Several attempts have been made to separate functions impaired by different classes of drug: for example, high (monitoring) vs lower (performing) levels of function, early (perceptual) vs later (motor) functions, and strategic vs executive functions. The practical implications are that one cannot predict effects of a drug from a single performance test. One must either simulate the practical situation exactly, or use a battery of analytical tests to form a profile of effects. The latter is the policy urged in this paper. PMID- 6525330 TI - Attention tasks as skills performance measures of drug effects. AB - Both empirical epidemiological data on the causes of traffic accidents and conceptual models of skilled human performance stress the central role of perception and cognition. This paper examines the effects of drugs on two major components of cognitive perceptual performance, namely, concentrated attention or vigilance and divided attention. It is demonstrated that these two types of attention tasks are differentially affected by various drugs, so that sometimes one and sometimes another of these tasks is impaired. Various experimental paradigms to investigate these two attention functions are presented. It is demonstrated that attention tasks are frequently highly sensitive to drug effects, suggesting the importance of examining these functions when investigating the effects of drugs on skills performance. PMID- 6525331 TI - Visual motor co-ordination and dynamic visual acuity. AB - Data on the effect of an antihistamine (triprolidine 10 mg) on visuo-motor coordination and dynamic visual acuity were used to establish interactions between these skills. Analysis of covariance and principal component analysis were used. The analyses suggested two main effects--an effect on the activity of the neuromuscular system and one which impaired ability to anticipate target movement. Detection of impaired performance by any task may have wider implications to the effectiveness of the individual than that obviously suggested by the skill itself. PMID- 6525332 TI - Effects of centrally depressant drugs on pupillary function: significance for normal and diseased subjects. PMID- 6525333 TI - Synthesis and characterization of a set of four dodecadeoxyribonucleoside undecaphosphates containing O6-methylguanine opposite adenine, cytosine, guanine, and thymine. AB - A set of four self-complementary dodecanucleoside undecaphosphates, d[CGNGAATTC(O6Me)GCG], where N = A, C, G, or T, has been synthesized by a phosphoramidite procedure. A single large-scale preparation of the nonamer d[DMT GpApApTpTpCp(O6Me)GpCpG] was divided into four portions for synthesis of the dodecamers. The synthesis, purification (high-performance liquid chromatography), and characterization of each of these molecules are described. Each sequence forms a stable duplex, with a Tm between 19 and 26 degrees C lower than the Tm of the "parent" molecule d-(CGCGAATTCGCG). The lowest melting sequence is the N = T molecule; the overall order is N = C greater than A greater than G greater than T. Thus O6-methylation of guanine creates a region of localized instability in DNA regardless of the base opposite the lesion. This instability, which could disrupt some regulatory process or event, may be as significant as or more significant than is the mutation itself to the oncogenic process initiated by alkylating agents. PMID- 6525334 TI - Left-handed helical structure of poly[d(A-C)].poly[d(G-T)] studied by infrared spectroscopy. AB - Infrared spectroscopic studies demonstrate the ability of poly[d(A-C)].poly[d(G T)] to adopt a Z-type conformation. The Z form of the unmodified polynucleotide is induced by Ni2+ counterions and not by Na+. The B----Z equilibrium is shifted at room temperature, in the presence of 1 Ni2+/nucleotide, by an increase in the concentration of poly[d(A-C)].poly[d(G-T)]. The importance of specific binding of Ni2+ ions on the N7 site of purines in the stabilization of the Z form is also discussed. PMID- 6525335 TI - Fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry of glycosphingolipids. Glycosphingolipids containing neutral sugars. AB - Natural and synthetic glycosphingolipids containing neutral sugars have been analyzed by positive and negative ion fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry. Basic structural characterization including saccharide size and sequence and ceramide composition is possible on the basis of the fragment ions observed. The degree of fragmentation could be increased by using higher sample concentrations and lower fast atom beam energies. Commercially available synthetic compounds that had been presumed to be pure were shown to contain homologous fatty acids. Mixtures of glycosphingolipids such as those obtained from Gaucher's spleen and from human erythrocytes can be characterized and quantitated. PMID- 6525336 TI - An interactive computer graphics study of thermolysin-catalyzed peptide cleavage and inhibition by N-carboxymethyl dipeptides. AB - Interactive computer graphics was used as a tool in studying the cleavage mechanism of the model substrate Z-Phe-Phe-Leu-Trp by the zinc endopeptidase thermolysin. Two Michaelis complexes and three binding orientations of the tetrahedral intermediate to the crystal structure of thermolysin were investigated. Our results indicate that a Michaelis complex, which does not involve coordination of the scissile peptide to the zinc, is consistent with available experimental data and the most plausible of the two complexes. A tetrahedral intermediate complex wherein the two oxygens of the hydrated scissile peptide straddle the zinc in a bidentate fashion results in the most favorable interactions with the active site. The preferred tetrahedral intermediate and Michaelis complex provide a rationalization for the published substrate data. A trajectory for proceeding from the Michaelis complex to the tetrahedral intermediate is proposed. This trajectory involves a simultaneous activation of the zinc-bound water molecule concurrent with attack on the scissile peptide. A detailed ordered product release mechanism is also presented. These studies suggest some modifications and a number of extensions to the mechanism proposed earlier [Kester, W. R., & Matthews, B. W. (1977) Biochemistry 16, 2506; Holmes, M. A., & Matthews, B. W. (1981) Biochemistry 20, 6912]. The binding mode of the thermolysin inhibitor N-(1-carboxy-3-phenylpropyl)-L-leucyl-L-tryptophan [Monzingo, A. F., & Matthews, B. W. (1984) Biochemistry (preceding paper in this issue)] is compared with that of the preferred tetrahedral intermediate, providing insight into this inhibitor design. PMID- 6525338 TI - Failure to confirm previous observations on triosephosphate isomerase intermediate and bound substrate complexes. PMID- 6525339 TI - Assignment of acyl chain resonances from membranes of mammalian cells by two dimensional NMR methods. AB - Two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) methods have been successfully used to assign resonances in the 1H NMR spectrum of intact viable rat mammary adenocarcinoma cells. Two-dimensional scalar-correlated spectroscopy identifies connectivities for resonances of the lipid acyl chains in the plasma membrane of these cells. We expect that two-dimensional scalar-correlated methods may be of general use for providing unequivocal assignments in the complex and often poorly resolved 1H NMR spectra of cells. PMID- 6525337 TI - Sequence variation in heparin octasaccharides with high affinity for antithrombin III. AB - We have isolated from nitrous acid cleavage products of heparin two major octasaccharide fragments which bind with high affinity to human antithrombin. Octasaccharide S, with the predominant structure iduronic acid----N acetylglucosamine 6-O-sulfate----glucuronic acid-----N-sulfated glucosamine 3,6 di-O-sulfate----iduronic acid 2-O-sulfate----N-sulfated glucosamine 6-O-sulfate-- -iduronic acid 2-O-sulfate----anhydromannitol 6-O-sulfate, is sensitive to cleavage by Flavobacterium heparinase as well as platelet heparitinase and binds to antithrombin with a dissociation constant of (5-15) X 10(-8) M. Octasaccharide R, with the predominant structure iduronic acid 2-O-sulfate----N-sulfated glucosamine 6-O-sulfate----iduronic acid----N-acetylglucosamine 6-O-sulfate--- glucuronic acid----N-sulfated glucosamine 3,6-di-O-sulfate----iduronic acid 2-O sulfate----anhydromannitol 6-O-sulfate, is resistant to degradation by both enzymes and binds antithrombin with a dissociation constant of (4-18) X 10(-7) M. The occurrence of a 15-17% replacement of N-sulfated glucosamine 3,6-di-O-sulfate with N-sulfated glucosamine 3-O-sulfate and a 10-12% replacement of iduronic acid with glucuronic acid in both octasaccharides indicates that these substitutions have little or no effect on the binding of the oligosaccharides to the protease inhibitor. When bound to antithrombin, both octasaccharides produce a 40% enhancement in the intrinsic fluorescence of the protease inhibitor and a rate of human factor Xa inhibition of 5 X 10(5) M-1 s-1 as monitored by stopped-flow fluorometry. This suggests that the conformation of antithrombin in the region of the factor Xa binding site is similar when the protease inhibitor is complexed with either octasaccharide. PMID- 6525340 TI - Mechanism of protein salting in and salting out by divalent cation salts: balance between hydration and salt binding. AB - The preferential interactions of proteins with solvent components were studied in concentrated aqueous solutions of the sulfate, acetate, and chloride salts of Mg2+, Ba2+, Ca2+, Mn2+ and Ni2+ [except for CaSO4, BaSO4, Mn-(OAc)2, and Ni(OAc)2], and results were compared with those of the Na+ salts. It was found that, for all the salts, the preferential hydration increased in the order of Cl- less than CH3-COO- less than SO42- regardless of the cationic species used, in agreement with the anionic lyotropic series, and that the same parameter exhibited a tendency to increase in the order of Mn2+, Ni2+ less than Ca2+, Ba2+ less than Mg2+ less than Na+. The salting-out and stabilizing or salting-in and destabilizing effectiveness of the salts were interpreted in terms of the observed preferential interactions. The surface tension increment of salts, which is a major factor responsible for the preferential interactions of the Na+ salts, had no correlation with those of the divalent cation salts. It was shown that the binding of divalent cations to the proteins overcomes the salt exclusion due to the surface tension increase, leading to a decrease in the preferential hydration. In conformity with this mechanism, the preferential interaction of MgCl2 was strongly pH dependent, because of the protein charge-dependent affinity of Mg2+ for proteins, while NaCl showed no pH dependence of the preferential interaction. The proposed mechanism was supported by a strong correlation between the preferential interaction results and the interaction of these salts with the model peptide compound acetyltetraglycine ethyl ester, described by Robinson and Jencks. PMID- 6525341 TI - Protein stabilization and destabilization by guanidinium salts. AB - Preferential interactions of bovine serum albumin were measured with guanidine sulfate, guanidine acetate, and guanidine hydrochloride. The results showed an increasing preferential hydration with increasing salt concentration for the sulfate, positive preferential salt binding for the hydrochloride, and an intermediate situation for the acetate. These results correlate well with the known effects of the three salts on protein stability, namely, the stabilizing effect of guanidine sulfate and the denaturing effect of guanidine hydrochloride. Comparison of guanidinium and magnesium salts indicated that the substitution of guanidinium ion for Mg2+ decreases the preferential hydration and increases the preferential salt binding, suggesting that the perturbation by guanidinium ion binding of the surface free energy is greater than that by Mg2+ ion. It was concluded that guanidine salts are not a special class, but their activity toward proteins is modulated by the same fine balance between hydration and salt binding to protein as in the case of other salts, with the second factor being stronger in guanidine salts. PMID- 6525342 TI - Effects of interchain disulfide cross-links on the trypsin cleavage pattern and conformation of myosin subfragment 2. AB - The ability of 5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoate) (Nbs2) to produce interchain disulfide cross-links in both the long and short forms of myosin subfragment 2 (S2) and the conformational effects of these cross-links have been investigated. Short S2 (residues 3-287) contains two pairs of Cys residues at positions 66 and 108, and long S2 (residues 1-440) contains an additional pair at position 410. The reaction kinetics of each form of S2 with Nbs2 was biphasic. During the fast kinetic phase the reaction resulted in un-cross-linked species having Nbs-blocked Cys. During the slow phase disulfide-cross-linked species were formed via interchain S-Nbs/SH exchange. For short S2, Cys-66 appeared to react without forming disulfide cross-links, and the Cys- 108 pair reacted with partial cross linking. For long S2, the Cys-66 pair appeared to react with partial cross linking, and the Cys pairs at 108 and 410 reacted with complete cross-linking. Mild tryptic digestion of disulfide-cross-linked long S2, under conditions that resulted in partial production of short S2 from un-cross-linked LS2, produced peptides T1a and T1b (residues 1 to approximately 360), with one and two disulfide cross-links, respectively. Further digestion of cross-linked long S2 or cross-linked short S2 resulted in the same shorter fragment, T2, with an NH2 terminus beginning at 103 consistent with a sequence of residues 103-287. Circular dichroism studies on long S2 indicated that the presence of disulfide cross-links changed the thermal unfolding profile of the helix.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6525343 TI - Use of gated perfusion to study early effects of anoxia on cardiac energy metabolism: a new 31P NMR method. AB - A novel 31P NMR method is described that is capable of determining rapid changes in the intracellular levels of various phosphorus-containing compounds in an isolated, perfused working rat heart. This technique involves the gating of 31P NMR measurements to a heart that is alternately perfused with a modified Krebs Henseleit medium containing 10 mM pyruvate and equilibrated with either 95% O2/5% CO2 or 95% N2/5% CO2. The experimental design allows up to three NMR measurements to be made during a single O2/N2 perfusion cycle. When these measurements are repeated at different intervals during the cycle, rapid changes in metabolite levels can be determined. Preliminary studies have shown that hearts remain hemodynamically stable to the aerobic/anoxic perfusion cycle as judged by heart rate, peak systolic pressure, aortic output, and coronary flow for at least 80 min in the magnet when subjected to cycle times of 4.5-s O2 and 1.5-s N2 perfusions. NMR measurements made under these conditions showed that a transition from full aerobic perfusion to this cycle revealed a new steady state, with an increased inorganic phosphate level from 6% total observable phosphorus to 10% and a possibly significant decreased measurement of creatine phosphate level (from 35 to 31%). Comparison of individual NMR measurements made during this perfusion cycle shows apparent rapid cyclical variations in intracellular pH and the levels of Pi, ATP, and NAD(H). These changes, expressed as variations above and below mean values measured during the cycle, showed that (a) intracellular pH, as measured by the chemical shift of Pi, reversibly decreases by more than 0.1 pH unit within 0.5-1 s following maximal anoxic perfusion and (b) coincident with a decrease in intracellular pH, Pi levels increased by a maximum of 30-40% whereas ATP levels decreased by a maximum of 15-20%. The amount of total observable phosphorous detected during the cycle is essentially constant. Unexpectedly, creatine phosphate levels are most stable, indicating that their levels are being maintained at the expense of ATP. Also unexpected is the finding that NAD(H) levels varied from maximal to undetectable levels during the perfusion cycle. The current method of aerobic/anoxic perfusion is capable of resolving metabolic events much faster than previous NMR methods and yielding information that is unobtainable by any other technique. PMID- 6525344 TI - Role of peptide structure in lipid-peptide interactions: a fluorescence study of the binding of pentagastrin-related pentapeptides to phospholipid vesicles. AB - The binding of pentagastrin and three other structurally related pentapeptides to phospholipid vesicles has been studied by fluorescence spectroscopy. The fluorescence of the tryptophan residues of these peptides exhibits an increased quantum yield upon binding to phospholipid vesicles. This is accompanied by a blue shift of the maximum emission, indicative of the incorporation of the tryptophan residue into a more hydrophobic environment. The affinity of the peptides for a zwitterionic phospholipid, dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC), increases in the following order: N-t-Boc-beta-Ala-Trp-Met-Gly-Phe-NH2 greater than N-t-Boc-beta-Ala-Trp-Met-Arg-Phe-NH2 greater than N-t-Boc-beta-Ala-Trp-Met Asp-Phe-NH2 greater than N-t-Boc-beta-Ala-Trp-Met-Phe-Asp-NH2. Comparison of the interaction of these various peptides with this phospholipid indicates that although the interaction is largely of hydrophobic nature, the structure of the polar amino acids and their electrostatic charge have significant influence on the nature of the bindings. In addition, the sequence of polar and apolar amino acids appears to be of importance. The higher affinity for DMPC of N-t-Boc-beta Ala-Trp-Met-Asp-Phe-NH2 as compared to its "reversed" analogue N-t-Boc-beta-Ala Trp-Met-Phe-Asp-NH2 suggests that the ability of the peptides to fold into amphiphatic structures can enhance their lipid binding affinity. For all peptides the interaction with DMPC is greater at 8 degrees C, i.e., below the lipid phase transition temperature, than at 40 degrees C, i.e., above the lipid phase transition temperature.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6525345 TI - Partition of amphiphilic molecules into phospholipid vesicles and human erythrocyte ghosts: measurements by ultraviolet difference spectroscopy. AB - Molar partition coefficients for chlorpromazine and methochlorpromazine between phospholipid vesicles or human erythrocyte ghosts and buffer are determined by ultraviolet difference spectroscopy. The partition coefficients between small unilamellar egg phosphatidylcholine vesicles and buffer at pH 7.4 are 4.4 X 10(5) for chlorpromazine and 0.8 X 10(5) for methochlorpromazine, determined with 10 microM amphiphile. An increase in the partition of chlorpromazine into vesicles is seen as the pH is increased to the pKa of chlorpromazine at 9.2. Chlorpromazine also partitions preferentially into fluid-phase phospholipid compared to solid-phase phospholipid. Molar partition coefficients between unsealed human erythrocyte ghosts and buffer at pH 8.0 with 10 microM amphiphile are determined to be 6.5 X 10(5) for chlorpromazine and 2.5 X 10(5) for methochlorpromazine. Difference spectroscopy is an equilibrium technique that does not require separation of bound from free amphiphile, as do many other methods of determining membrane-buffer partition coefficients. This method is useful for any amphiphile that has an appreciable absorbance below its critical micelle concentration and whose absorbance is sensitive to environment. PMID- 6525346 TI - Biochemical characterization of complex formation by human erythrocyte spectrin, protein 4.1, and actin. AB - Ternary complex formation between the major human erythrocyte membrane skeletal proteins spectrin, protein 4.1, and actin was quantified by measuring cosedimentation of spectrin and band 4.1 with F-actin. Complex formation was dependent upon the concentration of spectrin and band 4.1, each of which promoted the binding of the other to F-actin. Simultaneous measurement of the concentrations of spectrin and band 4.1 in the sedimentable complex showed that a single molecule of band 4.1 was sufficient to promote the binding of a spectrin dimer to F-actin. However, the molar ratio of band 4.1/spectrin in the complex was not fixed, ranging from approximately 0.6 to 2.2 as the relative concentration of added spectrin to band 4.1 was decreased. A mole ratio of 0.6 band 4.1/spectrin suggests that a single molecule of band 4.1 can promote the binding of more than one spectrin dimer to an actin filament. Saturation binding studies showed that in the presence of band 4.1 every actin monomer in a filament could bind at least one molecule of spectrin, yielding ternary complexes with spectrin/actin mole ratios as high as 1.4. Electron microscopy of such complexes showed them to consist of actin filaments heavily decorated with spectrin dimers. Ternary complex formation was not affected by alteration in Mg2+ or Ca2+ concentration but was markedly inhibited by KCl above 100 mM and nearly abolished by 10 mM 2,3-diphosphoglycerate or 10 mM adenosine 5'-triphosphate. Our data are used to refine the molecular model of the red cell membrane skeleton. PMID- 6525347 TI - Calcium dependence of villin-induced actin depolymerization. AB - "Cutting" of actin filaments by villin was evaluated from the time course of filament depolymerization. Depolymerization was initiated by diluting polymerized actin, labeled with a fluorescent probe on either lysine-374 or cysteine-375, to a concentration well below the critical into a medium containing free villin and various concentrations of calcium (in addition to potassium and magnesium). It was observed that at high calcium concentrations (200 microM) the time course of depolymerization could not be described by the single exponential that defines it at low calcium and low villin levels. Instead, at high calcium, the exponent increased with time and the rate of depolymerization became greater than that of controls in the absence of villin. This contrasts with the inhibition of depolymerization by villin at low calcium. The latter inhibition is a consequence of the capping of the barbed filament end by villin as are the inhibition of filament elongation and the elevation of the critical concentration. Evidence is presented that the effects of villin at high calcium are the result of cutting of the actin filaments by villin. It thus appears that different calcium binding sites control capping and cutting and that the calcium binding sites regulating cutting have a much lower affinity for calcium than the sites regulating capping of the barbed filament ends. PMID- 6525348 TI - Fourier transform infrared evidence for Schiff base alteration in the first step of the bacteriorhodopsin photocycle. AB - The first step of the bacteriorhodopsin (bR) photocycle involves the formation of a red-shifted product, K. Fourier transform infrared difference spectra of the bR570 to K630 transition at 81 K has been measured for bR containing different isotopic substitutions at the retinal Schiff base. In the case of bacteriorhodopsin containing a deuterium substitution at the Schiff base nitrogen, carbon 15, or both, we find spectral changes in the 1600-1610- and 1570 1580-cm-1 region consistent with the hypothesis that the K630 C=N stretching mode of a protonated Schiff base is located near 1609 cm-1. A similar set of Schiff base deuterium substitutions for retinal containing a 13C at the carbon 10 position strongly supports this conclusion. This assignment of the K630 C=N stretching vibration provides evidence that the bR Schiff base proton undergoes a substantial environmental change most likely due to separation from a counterion. In addition, a correlation is found between the C=N stretching frequency and the maximum wavelength of visible absorption, suggesting that movement of a counterion relative to the Schiff base proton is the main source of absorption changes in the early stages of the photocycle. Such a movement is a key prediction of several models of proton transport and energy transduction. Evidence is also presented that one or more COOH groups are involved in the formation of the K intermediate. PMID- 6525349 TI - Solid-state phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance studies of synthetic solid phases of calcium phosphate: potential models of bone mineral. AB - Phosphorus-31 NMR spectra have been obtained from a variety of synthetic, solid calcium phosphate mineral phases by magic angle sample spinning. The samples include crystalline hydroxyapatite, two type B carbonatoapatites containing 3.2 and 14.5% CO3(2-), respectively, a hydroxyapatite in which approximately 12% of the phosphate groups are present as HPO4(2-), an amorphous calcium phosphate, monetite, brushite, and octacalcium phosphate. Spectra were observed by the standard Bloch decay and cross-polarization techniques, as well as by a dipolar suppression sequence, in order to distinguish between protonated and unprotonated phosphate moieties. The spectra of the synthetic calcium phosphates provide basic information that is essential for interpreting similar spectra obtained from bone and other calcified tissues. PMID- 6525351 TI - Monovalent cation-induced phospholipid vesicle aggregation: effect of ion binding. AB - Aggregation of acidic phospholipid vesicles induced by monovalent cations was studied for vesicles of small and large sizes. It was found that there were two phases in the aggregation of large acidic phospholipid vesicles. In the initial phase, observed in the range of 0.1-0.4 M monovalent salts, aggregation took place spontaneously after a change in salt concentration; in the second phase (greater than 0.4 M salt), aggregation progressed gradually with time. The order of capability for monovalent cations to induce the initial phase of aggregation of large phosphatidylserine vesicles (more than 1000 A in diameter) was Li+ greater than Na+ greater than K+ greater than TEA+. However, for the second phase of aggregation, the order was Na+ greater than Li+ greater than K+ greater than TEA+, which was the same as that to induce massive aggregation of small phosphatidylserine vesicles (250 A in diameter). A similar reversal in the order was observed in studies of the surface potential of the phosphatidylserine monolayer. In these studies, the order of the binding strength of monovalent cations was deduced from the change in surface potential produced by successive additions of MgCl2 to the subphase solution, which contained a certain level of monovalent salt initially. These measurements were carried out with monolayers that had a range of areas per molecule. The order was Na+ greater than Li+ greater than K+ for monolayers of large area (greater than 80 A2) per molecule and was Li+ greater than Na+ greater than K+ for those of small area (less than 80 A2) per molecule.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6525350 TI - Investigation of the mineral phases of bone by solid-state phosphorus-31 magic angle sample spinning nuclear magnetic resonance. AB - Phosphorus-31 magic angle sample spinning NMR spectra have been employed to investigate the structure and composition of the mineral deposits in chicken bone. Three different pulse sequences, Bloch decay, cross-polarization, and dipolar suppression, were employed to obtain spectra from bone specimens of varying age. These were compared to the spectra obtained from a variety of crystalline and noncrystalline synthetic calcium phosphate solids used as reference standards. The results suggest that the most suitable model for the major solid calcium phosphate mineral phase in bone is a hydroxyapatite containing approximately 5-10% CO32- and approximately 5-10% HPO42- groups, the latter in a brushite-like configuration. From the NMR line shapes it was deduced that the fraction of HPO42- groups was highest in the youngest bone and decreased progressively with increasing age of the specimen. PMID- 6525352 TI - Fluorine-19 nuclear magnetic resonance investigation of fluorine-19-labeled phospholipids. 1. A multiple-pulse study. AB - A multiple-pulse nuclear magnetic resonance technique has been used to measure the order parameter, SFF, at 40 MHz for dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine labeled with a difluoromethylene group at the 4-, 8-, or 12-position of the sn-2-acyl chain dispersed in water in the liquid-crystalline phase. The Carr-Purcell Meiboom-Gill multiple-pulse sequence can resolve the homonuclear dipolar coupling between the two fluorine nuclei, thus making a direct determination of the order parameter, SFF, for the F-F internuclear vector possible. Other interactions, such as the 19F chemical shift anisotropy, heteronuclear dipolar couplings, and field inhomogeneity, which normally obscure the dipolar splitting, are effectively canceled. The order parameters obtained in this work compare well with those obtained by 19F nuclear magnetic resonance line-shape analysis of the 19F-labeled phospholipids reported in the following paper [Dowd, S. R., Simplaceanu, V., & Ho, C. (1984) Biochemistry (following paper in this issue)] as well as comparable SCD order parameters, determined for the deuterium-carbon internuclear vector of deuterium-labeled phospholipids [Oldfield, E., Meadows, M., Rice, D., & Jacobs, R. (1978) Biochemistry 17, 2727-2740]. The present results clearly show the usefulness of using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy to investigate lipid-lipid and protein-lipid interactions, especially for those systems containing a difluoromethylene group in the acyl chain of a phospholipid molecule. PMID- 6525353 TI - Fluorine-19 nuclear magnetic resonance investigation of fluorine-19-labeled phospholipids. 2. A line-shape analysis. AB - Fluorine-19 nuclear magnetic resonance spectra at 282.4 MHz of dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine specifically labeled with a difluoromethylene group at the 4-, 8-, or 12-position of the sn-2-acyl chain and dispersed in excess water show the characteristic powder-pattern line shapes associated with an anisotropic axially symmetric chemical shift tensor, altered by the presence of the homonuclear dipolar interaction of the fluorine nuclei and of heteronuclear dipolar interactions between fluorine and nearby protons. Values for the anisotropy of the fluorine-19 chemical shift and for the fluorine fluorine internuclear vector order parameter, SFF, as a function of temperature have been determined for the phospholipid dispersions with and without cholesterol. An increased mobility is evidenced in both cases as the temperature is raised. For the phospholipid dispersions in water, the values of SFF parallel quite well the behavior of the carbon-deuterium internuclear vector order parameter, SCD, as determined by deuterium nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy for the same labeled position. The effect of adding cholesterol is seen as a restriction of the chain mobility and the eventual disappearance of the phase transition. These new experiments provide a value of 166 ppm for the anisotropy of the axially symmetric chemical shift tensor of a difluoromethylene group in a phospholipid acyl chain. They also demonstrate the feasibility as well as the advantages of using a difluoromethylene group as a probe for molecular motions in the phospholipid bilayers. PMID- 6525354 TI - Effects of BD-40, an ellipticine analogue (aza-ellipticine) on cell cycle traverse and DNA synthesis in cultures of synchronized mouse fibroblasts. AB - BD-40 is a pyrido-pyrrolo-isoquinoline analogue of ellipticine, which possesses oncostatic in vivo activity on experimental tumors, and dose-dependent cytostatic and cytotoxic activities on mammalian cells in culture. In order to appreciate the effects of the drug on the replication of DNA, cultures of murine fibroblasts were synchronized by thymidine double block, and BD-40 was added at the time of the block release. The drug did not interfere with the entry of cells in S phase, but a delay in S-phase transit was observed, regardless of the dose employed. In agreement with these data, DNA synthesis started at the same time in control cells and in BD-40 treated cells, but a significant reduction of 3H thymidine incorporation was found in drug-treated cells. This inhibition was not likely to result from a diminution of the specific activity of 3H-dTTP, since nuclei, isolated from cells previously incubated with the drug, also presented a strong diminution of synthetic activity in the presence of the four nucleoside triphosphate precursors (dNTPs). Analysis by alkaline sucrose gradient centrifugation of DNA synthesized in the presence of BD-40 showed that primary fragments, probably corresponding to the duplication of initial replicons, were normally formed but were not further elongated in cells treated with cytotoxic doses, while they were normally processed (although at a slower rate than in control) with a cytostatic drug concentration.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6525355 TI - Biofeedback as an adjunct to psychotherapy in the treatment of vaginismus. AB - This exploratory study examines the use of biofeedback as an adjunct to psychotherapy in the treatment of vaginismus. A set of six Sims-type graded EMG probes was constructed to provide biofeedback from the vaginal sphincter and was tested on a pilot sample of nulliparous women prior to this study. Five sequential cases of vaginismus from a clinic waiting list participated in the program. All five couples completed the program and all reported successful intercourse at its conclusion. The number of sessions devoted to biofeedback probe insertion was almost halved in comparison to previous experience with Sims dilators. Overall treatment duration was not shortened. At follow-up 6 months later, two couples reported pregnancy, one couple was having regular intercourse, and two couples had ceased intercourse. The authors conclude that biofeedback is an effective aid to learning muscle control, is acceptable to patients, and may increase the success rate by minimizing dropouts. The importance of follow-up is stressed. PMID- 6525356 TI - The physiological effects of cigarette smoking: implications for psychophysiological research. AB - The present study was designed to determine the specific physiological effects of two experimental conditions, smoking and mock smoking (puffing on an unlit cigarette), with smokers and nonsmokers. Two groups (smokers versus nonsmokers) with nine subjects each (five females, four males) participated in the present study. Physiological measures included alveolar carbon monoxide (COa) levels, skin resistance, heart rate, and finger temperature across a standard session sequence. The results of the COa assessment indicated increments only in the smoking condition. Multivariate analyses of variance (MANOVA) across skin conductance, heart rate, and hand temperature were initially performed, followed by univariate analyses of variance (ANOVA) for each physiological measure. Post hoc analyses were performed using orthogonal polynomial trend analyses. A number of significant differences were found. Discussion focuses on the need for experimental controls related to cigarette smoking in psychophysiological research in general, and in hand temperature biofeedback training in particular. PMID- 6525357 TI - A components analysis of biofeedback in the treatment of fecal incontinence. AB - Fecal incontinence is a socially disabling symptom for which rectosphincteric biofeedback has been reported to be dramatically effective. The most commonly employed biofeedback procedure incorporates three separate and potentially effective components: exercise of the external sphincter muscle, training in discrimination of rectal sensations, and training synchrony of the internal and external sphincter responses. This paper reports the results of single case experiments employed with eight incontinent patients to examine the contributions of each of these components. All eight patients improved, but only one required the biofeedback procedure as it was originally described. Three responded to sensory discrimination training, one to exercise training, and one to the training of synchronous sphincteric responses; three recovered independently of the effects of biofeedback. Despite the achievement of continence, the rectosphincteric reflexes following treatment continued to be abnormal in every case. These findings suggest that the character of the external sphincter response to rectal distension is an unreliable index of sphincter function and that exercise and sensory discrimination training procedures are effective for some cases of fecal incontinence. PMID- 6525358 TI - Visceral perception versus visceral detection: disentangling methods and assumptions. AB - A within-subject experiment compared three paradigms commonly used in visceral perception: self-report, heartbeat tracking, and signal detection. Eighteen undergraduates estimated heart rate using each technique while engaging in a number of separate tasks conducted a week apart. Although all three techniques significantly tapped accuracy of heart rate perception, only the self-report and signal detection methods were reliable over time. Most important, there was no relationship involving any of the methods in measuring accuracy. The findings suggest some fundamental differences in the assumptions and perceptual properties of the various paradigms. A distinction is made between visceral perception and detection. Perception implies the subject's use of both internal physiological and external environmental information in the perception of visceral state. Detection connotes the subject's use of only physiological information--to the exclusion of all other factors. The relevance of these approaches for biofeedback and real-world symptom perception is discussed. PMID- 6525359 TI - Sex-related differences in first-stage impedance cardiographic variables. AB - Impedance cardiography (ZCG), a noninvasive technique used to determine stroke volume and ventricular performance, is currently being utilized more extensively in psychophysiological research and may also prove a useful tool in the control of hypertension. To date, most studies employing ZCG have tested male subjects or patients. However, women and men differ on two important parameters used to calculate stroke volume: thoracic impedance (Zo), and the first derivative of change in impedance over time (dZ/dtmin). Examination of the clinical records of 19 females and 19 males, all nonmedicated, indicated that women had higher Zo levels (F(1,36) = 46.2, p less than .0001) and higher dZ/dtmin levels (F(1,36) = 51.8, p less than .0001), although calculated stroke volume indexes did not differ. A second sample of 10 women and 8 men, all healthy and nonmedicated, confirmed these findings. The differences in Zo are not due entirely to sex differences in height, weight, percent body fat, and subscapula skin-fold thickness, although these factors differ across sexes. It is important for researchers and clinicians utilizing ZCG with female subjects to be aware of these differences. PMID- 6525360 TI - Experimental foundations of EMG biofeedback with the upper extremity: a review of the literature. AB - This article reviews the experimental foundations of EMG biofeedback with the upper extremity. Considered are investigations on recruitment and training of single and multiple motor units in both normal and nonnormal subjects, on transfer of training effects from trained to untrained muscles, and on the relationship of reduced muscle output to relaxation. Examined are procedures, results, and conclusions of these basic studies. Problems noted in the research are discussed and suggestions are made for further work in the area. PMID- 6525361 TI - [Quantitative properties and biosynthesis of phospholipids in rat embryonic tissues in the process of development]. AB - The content of lipid phosphorus and the rate of [1-14C]palmitate incorporation into individual phospholipids of rat embryonic liver, kidney, spleen, brain, and placenta at different stages of prenatal development were studied. It was shown that the level of neutral phospholipids at all stages is much higher than that in acid fractions; however, the rate of the acid fraction exchange is 10 times higher depending on the age of the embryos. The specific radioactivity of individual fractions of embryonic rat tissue largely exceeds that in adult animals. PMID- 6525362 TI - [Multiple forms of hypophyseal prolactin. A new glycosylated form of prolactin with increased biological activity]. AB - Different forms of prolactin obtained from porcine hypophysis and differing in terms of molecular weight, electrophoretic mobility and biological activity were studied by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. A glycosylated form of prolactin with Mr 25 000 and possessing an increased biological activity towards pigeon crop was revealed. It was found that the carbohydrate component of this prolactin form is attached to asparagine at position 31; no differences were revealed between the amino acid composition of the major and glycosylated forms of the hormone. In the hypophysis, the glycosylated form content makes up to 30-40% of the total prolactin monomer content. A disulfide dimeric form of prolactin with Mr of about 50 000 was isolated and characterized. PMID- 6525363 TI - [Proteases from the enterocytes of the porcine small intestine. Role of aminopeptidase N in the transport of dipeptides]. AB - The kinetics of radioactive label uptake from [U-14C]Gly, L-[4.5-3H]Leu and dipeptide [U-14C]Gly-L-[4.5-3H]Leu by the brush border membrane vesicles of porcine small intestine have been studied. The effect of aminopeptidase N inhibitors and of leucine-binding protein on the accumulation rates has been investigated. A comparison of the kinetic parameters for the uptake and hydrolysis of Gly-L-Leu, has demonstrated that the dipeptide transfer includes two conjugated steps, i. e., hydrolysis catalyzed by aminopeptidase N and transport of the resultant free amino acids by a specific carrier. PMID- 6525364 TI - [Separate factors influencing the interaction of carbohydrate- containing liposomes with galactose-specific lectins]. AB - Some natural (Gal-Cer, Lac-Cer, desyalylated gangliosides) and synthetic (HMGal) glycolipids differing in the length of the bridge linking the terminal galactose with the hydrophobic moiety were incorporated into the liposome membranes. The precipitation of the thus obtained vesicles induced by galactose-specific lectin RCA was studied. It was shown that when the amount of the glycolipids used for the incorporation into the liposomes (1 mol. %) was the same, the vesicles with HMGal or Gal-Cer incorporated into them did not precipitate in the presence of lectin, whereas the liposomes with incorporated Lac-Cer or desyalylated gangliosides did precipitate. It was thus concluded that in order for galactose containing liposomes precipitation by lectin RCA1 to be induced, galactose should be separated from the liposome membrane with a distance not less than 7 A. The nature of lectin-induced nonspecific precipitation of ganglioside-containing liposomes, ganglioside mycelles and cardiolipin-lecithine liposomes containing lactosylceramide was investigated. Some nonspecific ionic interactions of negatively charged liposomes and ganglioside mycelles with lectin were observed, which disappeared with a rise in the NaCl concentration up to 150-200 mM. PMID- 6525365 TI - [Formation of hydrogen peroxide in the mitochondria of skeletal muscles]. AB - The generation of H2O2 in skeletal muscle mitochondria during the oxidation of NAD-dependent substrates and succinate is initiated by antimycin A but not by rotenone, which points to H2O2 formation at the respiratory chain site between the rotenone and antimycin blocks. The O2-/H2O2 ratio for alpha-ketoglutarate and succinate oxidation is approximately 1.4, which suggests that in skeletal muscle mitochondria H2O2 is predominantly formed via the superoxide radical generation. Heart and skeletal muscle mitochondria appeared to have the similar values of Vmax for H2O2 production; the catalase activity in skeletal muscle mitochondria is much lower. PMID- 6525366 TI - [Amino-acid composition of the fibrin self-assembly inhibitor from rat plasma and tissue]. AB - According to gel filtration data, the inhibitor of the fibrin self-assembly - a peptide with Mr of 1 294 +/- 36 Da - is detected in different tissues of albino rats. In terms of amino acid composition, the peptide differs from all previously studied biologically active blood peptides that are detected in normal and pathological situations. PMID- 6525367 TI - [Detection and isolation of glycoproteins and nuclear proteins in the bovine brain]. AB - Using ammonium sulphate precipitation, ion exchange chromatography and preparative isoelectrofocusing, 9 organ-specific glycoproteins and 16 specific nuclear proteins were isolated from bovine brain nervous tissue in a homogeneous state. The isolation of proteins was controlled by a solid phase immunoenzymatic analysis. The molecular weight, subunit composition and isoelectric points of the proteins were determined and their ability to interact with immobilized calf thymus DNA and concanavalin A was demonstrated. It was assumed that the multiplicity of specific proteins of brain tissue is a molecular basis which provides for the functional specificity of the nervous tissue at large. PMID- 6525368 TI - [Comparative study of human transcortin isolated from normal donor blood and retroplacental blood]. AB - It was demonstrated that the physico-chemical properties of human transcortin, i.e., electrophoretic, hydrodynamic and immunochemical characteristics, amino acid composition, steroid binding parameters, do not depend on the source of the glycoprotein (male or female blood, retroplacental blood). Conversely, the retroplacental blood serum was shown to contain a transcortin form whose carbohydrate component is structurally different from that of the normal donor blood transcortin. It was found that this form interacts with the sites of specific binding of transcortin in liver cell plasma membranes in a weaker degree than the donor blood transcortin. PMID- 6525369 TI - [Turnover of chromatin-bound and membrane lipids in the liver and thymus of gamma irradiated rats]. AB - The turnover of nuclear and chromatin lipids from the liver and thymus of control and irradiated rats was studied by the incorporation of [14C]acetate. The chromatin-bound lipids were shown to possess a high metabolic activity which was especially well-pronounced in thymus cells. The higher specific radioactivity of the chromatin-bound lipids in comparison with that of intact nuclear lipids points to the structural uncoupling of chromatin lipids from other nuclear lipids. PMID- 6525370 TI - [Formation of differences in the electric potentials of the membrane vesicle in Staphylococcus aureus]. AB - Membrane vesicles isolated from Staphylococcus aureus cells by ultrasonication possess the NADH-, succinate-, and malate oxidase activities, contain cytochromes a and b and have the lipid/protein ratio of 0.12-0.24. Energized membrane vesicles absorb permeant anions of tetraphenylborate and phenyldicarbaundecaborane. This results in the electric field generation with a "plus" sign on the inner side of the membranes. The generation of the membrane potential occurs in response to the addition of a respiratory substrate (NADH, malate, or succinate) and is inhibited by electron transfer inhibitors, such as rotenone, 2-N-nonyl-4-oxyquinoline-N-oxide, cyanide and the protonophore uncoupler, M-chlorinecarbonylcyanidephenylhydrazonium. The generation of the membrane potential takes place during ATP hydrolysis and in the course of the transhydrogenase reaction. The data obtained suggest the similarity of energization systems of St. aureus and those of animal mitochondria. PMID- 6525371 TI - [Mechanism of the anabolic action of phytoecdisteroids in mammals]. AB - In experiments with white mice it has been established that phytoecdisteroides turkesteron, ecdisteron and 2-desoxy-alpha-ecdison in the dose of 5 mg on 1 kg of body mass stimulate the protein synthesis. Using the model of protein synthesis from mice liver it has been shown that the action of phytoecdisteroides is connected with the rise of poliribosome functional activity and rate increase of protein macromolecules formation. Preliminary administration of actinomycin D does not prevent the effect of protein synthesis stimulation. It has been concluded that the anabolic effect of phytoecdisteroides in mammals organism is connected not with induction of RNA synthesis but with the acceleration of translocation processes. PMID- 6525372 TI - [Formation of specific proteins and peptides in the rabbit uterus induced by estradiol]. AB - It has been shown that specific proteins and peptides are synthetized in uterus cells during 1-4 h after estradiol administration into rabbits. These compounds side by side with peroxidase may serve as biological marker of estradiol action in target-tissue. PMID- 6525374 TI - [Integrative properties of parietal cortex neurons of rabbits during the switching of heterogeneous classical conditioned reflexes]. AB - The impulsive activity of parietal cortex neurons of rabbits during the elaboration and specialisation of switching-over of alimentary and defensive conditioned reflexes has been studied. There are changes of parietal cortex neurons activity correlated with the stages of switching-over elaboration. The significant differences of the background neurons activity and neurons response to the conditional signal during alimentary and defensive conditioned reflexes have been established. The dominant motivation influences the neurons activity by modulation of background and conditioned activity of neurons. The integrative properties of neurons investigated in switching-over situation are revealed in their ability to summarize the excitation coming to the same sensory input with excitation from different motivational and reinforcement systems. PMID- 6525373 TI - [DNA-cholesterol complex studied by fluorescent probes]. AB - DNA interaction with cholesterol at various lipid concentrations has been investigated by the fluorescent probes method. It has been shown that the intensity of acridine orange fluorescence in the DNA-cholesterol complex decreases at 24 micrograms/ml cholesterol and at 45 micrograms/ml it increases. The number of binding sites and the degree of polarization of fluorescence change simultaneously. Binary mechanism of cholesterol binding with DNA has been suggested: surface binding takes place at low concentrations, intercalation--at high lipid concentrations. PMID- 6525375 TI - [Role of the temperature factor in determining the nature of the chronotropic response of the heart of cats in the simulation of increased venous inflow]. AB - The heart rate changes in response to the imitation of venous input to the heart by infusion of an additional blood volume to the right atria have been studied on anesthetized by chloralose cats. It has been discovered that patterns of the heart rate changes are determined by the infused blood temperature if it is equal to the blood temperature in heart, tachycardia appears, if it is below this temperature, bradycardia develops. These data explain, from our point of view, the contradictory results obtaining by different authors in experiments with the imitation of the increased venous input (Bainbridge reflex). PMID- 6525376 TI - [Age-related changes in the immunoglobulins of human blood serum]. AB - It has been shown that the content of G and A immunoglobulin (IgG, IgA) in blood serum increases with human age. IgM quantity is maximum at child age and at old age (about 80 years old and elder), at the age of 15-20 it is minimum. Immunoglobulin concentration is higher in female's blood serum than in male's, particularly at middle and old ages. The role of X-chromosome in regulation of serum IgM concentration is being discussed. PMID- 6525377 TI - Round table on hemispheric specialization and lateral asymmetries in the EEG: introduction. PMID- 6525378 TI - Differential hemispheric activation during complex visuomotor performance: alpha trends and theta. AB - Two experiments were done to study asymmetry in left and right cerebral hemispheres while subjects performed in verbal and nonverbal tasks, including a complex visuomotor T.V. tennis game (Pong). Previous analyses demonstrated asymmetries of alpha activity during these tasks, and in this paper we describe sequential changes of alpha asymmetry associated with playing Pong. Alpha power was stable in the left hemisphere but decreased in the right hemisphere during each rally, returning to symmetry during inter-rally intervals. Theta activity increased bilaterally in most of the tasks and differed from the alpha patterns in several respects. The second experiment demonstrated the usefulness of video games for assessing sex and age differences in visuospatial capacities'--male performance was better than female and performance was inversely related to age. PMID- 6525379 TI - Hemispheric asymmetry of EEG alpha activation: effects of gender and familial handedness. AB - Twenty-four male and twenty-four female undergraduates took part in an experiment to investigate the effects of gender and familial handedness on hemispheric activation during numeric and visuospatial thinking. Each gender group was divided into twelve subjects with close left handed relatives and twelve subjects without. All subjects were overtly right handed. EEG alpha activity was recorded from left and right occipital and parietal regions with respect to mastoid references while the subjects performed numeric tasks with eyes open and with eyes closed, a face-recognition and a tactile-discrimination (figural unification) task. EEG alpha power was quantified during these conditions and during relaxed wakefulness with eyes open and eyes closed. Relative activation, (suppression of alpha activity from rest) of left and right parietal regions during numeric and spatial tasks was found to depend upon gender and familial handedness. Males, not females, tended to switch from left hemisphere activation during face recognition. Irrespective of gender and to some extent of task, a tendency towards greater activation of the right hemisphere was associated with the possession of left handers among close relatives. PMID- 6525380 TI - Hemispheric lateralization of event-related potentials in a cued reaction-time task. AB - Subjects were tested in a cued reaction-time task wherein warning stimuli (S1) of 5-letter words or dot patterns inter-mixed across trials were briefly presented. After 2 sec a second stimulus (S2) of th same category as the S1 appeared and the subject pressed a key with the left or right hand. The right key was pressed if S2 was a synonym of S1 or if the second dot pattern was the same as the first. The left key was pressed for antonyms or different patterns. It was predicted that CNVs would be larger over the left than right hemisphere on word trials and vice-versa on pattern trials in accordance with speculations concerning hemispheric specialization. The CNV was lateralized as expected, most prominently on pattern trials. In addition a negative transient evoked by S2, and a late negative post-imperative slow wave were similarly lateralized. P300 waves were very large and largest to the S2 when it differed from S1. Factor analysis confirmed these results and indicated, in addition, that P300 was larger in the hemisphere least relevant to the task. PMID- 6525381 TI - Speed of work and EEG asymmetry. AB - EEG from O1 and O2 was recorded from twelve subjects (6 male and 6 female) whilst they carried out a paced inspection task at five separate task speeds. Peak alpha activity was analysed using a spectral analysis technique. The results suggested that when subjects were working at a speed 25% faster than their self-chosen pace they were using predominantly their right hemisphere, whereas then they were working at 25% slower they were using mainly their left hemisphere. It was suggested, based on earlier literature, that subjects may be processing information about the task in different ways at different task paces: A sequential processing strategy is being used at the slow pace whilst a parallel or Gestalt processing strategy is being used at the fast pace. PMID- 6525382 TI - Cognitive and EEG asymmetry. AB - Several recent reports concerning the relationship of EEG asymmetry to cognition were evaluated. Technical and interpretive shortcomings of some papers minimizes their significance with respect to this issue, whereas several findings support the notion that EEG asymmetry occurs in association with cognition per se. PMID- 6525383 TI - Lateral brain function in normal and disordered emotion: interpreting electroencephalographic evidence. AB - Given the developing awareness of the lateral specialization of the human brain for both cognitive and emotional processes, the recent findings of characteristic hemispheric asymmetries in psychopathological groups suggests a neuropsychological model may be explanatory for abnormal psychology. Since the activity of arousal systems of the brain is a primary issue in interpreting both biochemical abnormalities and thought disorders in psychopathology, electroencephalographic (EEG) measures of cortical arousal are relevant. A better understanding of the relation of EEG measures to normal emotional arousal and cognitive effort may facilitate interpretation of the functional significance of EEG asymmetries in psychopathology. PMID- 6525384 TI - Intra and inter-hemispheric changes in alpha intensities in EEGs of schizophrenic patients versus matched controls. AB - 62 EEGs of 5 min recordings, over C4-P4, P4-02, C3-P3, P3-01, have been recorded from 31 schizophrenic patients and 31 controls, matched for age (27 years) and sex (males). Patients were clinically classified into 3 sub-groups: paranoid-type P(7), residual type R(10) and others O(14). Controls were statistically classified into 2 sub-groups as high alpha subjects HA(15) or low alpha subjects LA(16). Following computer Fourier statistical analysis, evolutive power spectra, averaged power spectra and spectral variances were obtained for each EEG recording. Date reduction provided for each EEG: Mean frequencies, mean amplitudes in microvolts and percentage asymmetries, resonance, spectral parameters; theta/alpha, with their variabilities. Power spectra were averaged between patients or between subjects for each sub-group. The alpha peak and the mean RMS amplitude was higher over P3-01 than over P4-02 for the residual-type of schizophrenic patients, when compared to his matched control sub-group of high alpha subjects which presented almost symmetrical occipital alpha peaks and RMS amplitudes. However, the most important changes appear to be intra-hemispheric. The alpha peaks and RMS amplitudes were almost equal between C3-P3 and P3-O1 for the paranoid type of schizophrenic patients in contrast to other sub-groups and especially both control sub-groups. This seems to imply left hemispheric changes in terms of EEG spectral alpha intensities, when tracings of schizophrenics were compared with recordings of volunteers. PMID- 6525385 TI - Statistical quantitative EEG studies of depression, mania, schizophrenia and normals. AB - The EEG characteristics of 63 depressive psychotics, 75 manics and 53 schizophrenic patients, consecutive admissions satisfying research criteria, are presented. Statistical comparisons between the psychotic groups and of each psychotic group against 60 normal controls (all dextral) were undertaken for power, coherence and phase characteristics in the 8-13 Hz frequency band. The characteristic EEG-myogenic power spectra for frequencies up to 60 Hz, expressed as the log of the right/left parietal and temporal power ratios for the four groups are also graphically displayed. The results suggest the presence of increasing disorganization of the right hemisphere (least in depression, intermediate in mania and maximal in schizophrenia) together with left hemisphere disorganization (in both mania and schizophrenia; again maximal in schizophrenia). PMID- 6525386 TI - Correlations of event-related potentials with schizophrenic deficits in information processing and hemispheric dysfunction. AB - In order to obtain further insight into hemispheric dysfunction in schizophrenics, two experiments were conducted employing event-related potential (ERP) recording during dichotic detection tasks as well as syllable discrimination tasks. Results concerning ERPs derived from the T3 and T4 regions are reported. Based on results in the two experiments, it is concluded that schizophrenics display a dysfunction of the left hemisphere, as well as a dysfunction in the ingration mechanism of both hemispheres. It is also speculated that the left-hemisphere dysfunction in schizophrenics is particularly correlated with positive psychotic symptoms. PMID- 6525387 TI - Evaluation and correlation of hormone levels in normal and pathologic pregnancies. AB - Estriol determination for monitoring high-risk pregnancies, either in serum or urine samples, has been in use for many years. The disadvantages are the inaccuracy of a 24-hour urine sample and the delay of two days. The advantages are a possible high variation of serum hormone evaluations from a very short sampling period. In order to prove the reliability of serum hormone patterns in pathological pregnancies, we compared them to 24-hours urinary E3 patterns. Free E3 and HCS levels were determined in serum samples by Radioimmunoassays. Total 24 hour urinary E3 was determined by a procedure according to Frandsen. For the graphic presentation, hormone levels from each pregnancy were grouped weekly and the mean values +/- SD in the different weeks of gestation were computed. To estimate the tendency of hormone patterns we performed a Z-transformation of grouped single hormone evaluations. A comparison between the serum and urine E3 measurements showed similar hormone patterns. E3 hormone patterns measured either in urine or serum proved to be well comparable. The mean of the transformed values showed the tendency of the hormone patterns even more distinctly than the graphic presentation. The hormone parameters E3 and HCS for monitoring high-risk pregnancies should be rated according to the diseases. In cases of placental insufficiency, E3 seemed to be the more sensitive parameter, whereas in severe cases of EPH-gestosis HCS might be more reliable. PMID- 6525388 TI - RDS prophylaxis in preterm labor: corticosteroids and beta-mimetics association indications and limits. AB - This study relates an incidence of maternal and feto-neonatal side effects at the Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology of the University of Parma. Neonatal morbidity and mortality upon administration of corticosteroids and beta-mimetic drugs were observed. Remarkable was the low rate of maternal side effects and that their seriousness was quite inferior to that found by other authors. The fetal and neonatal side effects or symptoms were very few and it was impossible to ascertain whether they were due to the therapy, a consequence of maternal pathological events, the kind of delivery, gestational age or some other unknown factor. Finally, this study points out that the maternal, fetal and neonatal side effects can not be considered serious enough to judge the associated tocolytic and corticosteroid treatment unacceptable. PMID- 6525389 TI - Caffeine, theophylline and theobromine in pregnancy. AB - Dietary surveys estimated the caffeine intake of pregnant women in London to average 1.4 mmol (270 mg) with a range of 0 to 6.0 mmol (0-1160 mg)/day. The average plasma caffeine was 6.5 (SD 2.8-14.8), plasma theophylline 2.9 (SD 1.3 6.7), plasma theobromine 2.1 (SD 0.9-4.9) mumol/l. The results of the dietary surveys showed a fair correlation (r = 0.59; p less than 0.01) with plasma caffeine levels, but the surveys are best regarded as a basis for counseling rather than an accurate estimate of intake. PMID- 6525390 TI - The morphological characterization of dental amalgam alloy powders. AB - Two commercially available amalgam alloy powders (one lathe-cut, the other spherical) were characterized in terms of density, surface area, particle size distribution and appearance under the scanning electron microscope. A third, experimental alloy powder, prepared by electrodeposition, was subjected to a similar analysis. It was found that particle size distribution can be a misleading indicator, in that when particles are porous, inordinately large amounts of mercury will be taken up on trituration, and the resulting amalgam will have wholly unsatisfactory mechanical properties. Surface area measured by BET (gas adsorption) may be the best single index of the morphological quality of an amalgam alloy powder. PMID- 6525391 TI - Characterization of protein adsorption on soft contact lenses. I. Conformational changes of adsorbed human serum albumin. AB - Adsorption of human serum albumin on three different soft contact lens surfaces (lathe cut and spin cast crosslinked PHEMA and spin cast PHEMA/MAA) was studied. Using ATR--FTIR spectroscopy the spectra of the adsorbed protein were obtained at different times of adsorption. Structural changes were detected, initially characterized by an increase in hydrogen bonding and after that by involvement of the protein hydrophobic side chain residues. At long adsorption times, the protein becomes denatured, its alpha-helix content is drastically reduced and the amounts of random coil and beta-sheet conformations are increased. ATR-FTIR and circular dichroism studies of albumin solutions reveal similar conformational changes to those experienced by the adsorbed protein. Differences in the adsorption behaviour for the hydrogel surface, indicate the importance of the hydrophilicity, surface regularity and the chemical composition of the contact lens surfaces as the controlling parameters in the protein adsorption phenomena. PMID- 6525392 TI - Silane crosslinked polyethylene for prosthetic applications. II. Creep and wear behaviour and a preliminary moulding test. AB - Creep and wear tests have been carried out on a high density polyethylene crosslinked using a silane. A comparison of the results with those obtained for ultra high molecular weight polyethylene (RCH 1000) indicates the superiority of the crosslinked material. It can be injection moulded without difficulty. It is our conclusion that silane crosslinked polyethylene is an exciting prospect in the field of prosthetic materials. PMID- 6525393 TI - Bioadhesive intraoral release systems: design, testing and analysis. AB - The aim of this study was to analyse the adhesion of various polymeric formulations and to measure the in vitro release of a local anaesthetic (febuverine hydrochloride) from a hydrophobic gel containing 34% (wt/wt) adhesive hydrocolloids. The bioadhesive polymer system was prepared from a polyethylene gel containing various amounts of sodium carboxymethylcellulose (NaCMC) as the adhesive, and hydrolysed gelatin as the water sensitive material to ensure rapid swelling. Upon hydration, adhesion studies were performed with a tensile tester equipped with a custom-made cell. The controlled release of the active ingredient was studied with a dissolution cell filled with artificial saliva at 37 degrees C. It was found that the relative adhesive bond strength of the formulations was dependent on the NaCMC content, showing a maximum at about 20 wt %. Febuverine hydrochloride release achieved an optimal release rate for formulations with NaCMC in the range of 12-25 wt %. PMID- 6525394 TI - Orthodontic tooth movement analysed by the Finite Element Method. AB - The position of the instantaneous centre of rotation (ICR) of a maxillary central incisor has been calculated using the Finite Element Method. It is shown that the centre of rotation is insensitive to the elastic properties of the periodontal ligament when Poisson's ratio (v) is in the range 0-0.45. The position of the ICR is independent of load but dependent on the point of loading, becoming less apical as the loading position moves above the cervical margin. This dependence when used in conjunction with the clinical findings of Stephens, suggests an inverse linear relationship between the ICR and rate of retraction. PMID- 6525395 TI - Synthesis and characterization of poly(amido-amine)s belonging to two different homologous series. AB - Systematic work on the synthesis and characterization of two series (referred to as type A and B) of poly(amido-amine)s with tertiary amino-groups in the main chain is reported. The polymers were synthesized by polyaddition of alpha, omega bis-(methyl-amino) alkanes with 1,4-bis-acryloylpiperazine (type A) and 1,12-bis acryloyl-n-diaminododecane (type B). These materials, which will be employed in the preparation of block and graft copolymers for biomedical use, have been characterized by means of various techniques and the most interesting features are reported. PMID- 6525397 TI - Water absorption characteristics of dental microfine composite filling materials. I. Proprietary materials. AB - Long-term water absorption characteristics have been studied for four microfine composite filling materials over a period of some three years. By measuring gravimetrically the kinetics of successive absorption/desorption cycles, equilibrium uptake, diffusion coefficients, and solubility data have been obtained. Equilibrium uptake and solubility data are best rationalized if expressed as volume/volume rather than weight/weight. Diffusion coefficients were similar to those obtained previously for conventional composites. PMID- 6525396 TI - Different calcium phosphate bioglass ceramics implanted in rabbit cortical bone. An interface study. AB - In order to study the interface of calcium phosphate bioglass ceramics, cylinders of standard size were implanted in the tibiae of rabbits. The materials were evaluated by radiography, light microscopy and microradiography. Bioceramics with hydroxyapatite surface give rise to a closer contact with new bone than calcium phosphate glass ceramics. PMID- 6525398 TI - Water absorption characteristics of dental microfine composite filling materials. II. Experimental materials. AB - Water absorption characteristics have been studied in terms of diffusion coefficient, equilibrium uptake, and solubility as a function of the volume loading of pyrolytic silica filler, for two different resins. Equilibrium uptake decreased with filler loading, but if calculated on the original volume of monomer present, gave consistent values for each resin. Triethylene glycol dimethacrylate based materials had much higher water uptake and diffusion coefficients than the urethane dimethacrylate resins. Furthermore the former exhibited higher concentration dependence of the diffusion coefficient. Diffusion coefficients were sensibly independent of filler loading. PMID- 6525399 TI - Polyelectrolyte effects on site-binding equilibria with application to the intercalation of drugs into DNA. PMID- 6525400 TI - Differential electrostatic stabilization of A-, B-, and Z-forms of DNA. PMID- 6525401 TI - Role of proline ... proline interactions in the packing of collagenlike poly(tripeptide) triple helices. PMID- 6525402 TI - Generalized Poisson-Boltzmann calculation of the distribution of electrolyte ions around the B- and Z-conformers of DNA. PMID- 6525403 TI - Precollapse of T7 DNA by spermidine at low ionic strength: a linear dichroism and intrinsic viscosity study. PMID- 6525404 TI - Interactions of molecules with nucleic acids. XI. Generalization of techniques to generate nucleic acid structures with applications to intercalation sites and kinked structures. PMID- 6525405 TI - Suppression of the statistical coil state during the alpha in equilibrium beta transition in homopolypeptides. PMID- 6525406 TI - Molecular-mechanical studies of the mismatched base analogs of d(CGCGAATTCGCG)2:d(CGTGAATTCGCG)2, d(CGAGAATTCGCG)2, d(CGCGAATTCACG)2, d(CGCGAATTCTCG)2, and d(CGCAGAATTCGCG).d(CGCGAATTCGCG). PMID- 6525408 TI - Variational calculation of the normal modes of a large macromolecule: methods and some initial results. PMID- 6525407 TI - Molecular-mechanical studies of hormone-protein interactions: the interaction of T4 and T3 with prealbumin. PMID- 6525409 TI - Photoacoustic study of lysozyme in water. PMID- 6525411 TI - Evidence for an interwound form for the superhelix in circular DNA. PMID- 6525410 TI - Solution-phase Raman-spectroscopic studies on synthetic collagen analogs: prolyl prolyl-glycine and (prolyl-prolyl-glycine). PMID- 6525412 TI - Electron ionization mass spectra of reduced and permethylated urinary oligosaccharides from patients with mannosidosis. AB - The electron ionization mass spectra of reduced and permethylated isomeric mixtures of the major urinary tri- to deca-oligosaccharides of patients with mannosidosis are reported. Many of the oligosaccharide isomers can be differentiated in the mixtures on the basis of their distinct fragmentation patterns. PMID- 6525413 TI - Chemical ionization mass spectrometry of iprodione and its metabolites. AB - One of the cornerstones of an architectural approach adopted by this laboratory in screening vegetables for pesticides and industrial chemicals is the extensive use of element-selective gas chromatographic detectors followed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. In this particular case history, a recently introduced European fungicide, iprodione, was thought to be the first reported incidence in mache imported from France. An analytical protocol involving chemical ionization was devised to confirm this finding as well as search for possible potential metabolites. PMID- 6525414 TI - Metabolic studies of explosives. 1--EI and CI mass spectrometry of metabolites of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene. AB - A series of metabolites of trinitrotoluene (TNT) have been synthesized and analysed by electron impact (EI) and chemical ionization (CI) mass spectrometry. Identification characteristics of these metabolites by their mass spectra have been determined. Differentiation of isomers is made possible by EI ions which are characteristic of the position of the methyl with regard to the nitro groups. PMID- 6525415 TI - Proposal for a common nomenclature for sequence ions in mass spectra of peptides. PMID- 6525416 TI - Essential steps in the measurement of normal circulating levels of calcitonin. AB - Before interpreting the results of assays which claim to measure circulating levels, one must have full data on the sensitivity, the reproducibility and specificity of the methods and antisera used. Without this information figures are meaningless and may be regarded as fiction rather than science. Secondly, and of equal importance, one must have full details of those physiological and pharmacological factors which are known to affect the circulating levels. It is quite obvious to workers in the field that those laboratories which have paid attention to these matters, have achieved remarkable agreement in practice; those who have neglected these requirements have introduced quite unnecessary confusion in the literature. PMID- 6525417 TI - General principles, problems and interpretation in the radioimmunoassay of calcitonin. AB - Although radioimmunoassay (RIA) methods for calcitonin (CT) have been available for ten years, there remain problems in achieving high sensitivity, controlling plasma and other protein artifacts, and interpreting results in light of circulating CT heterogeneity and tumor products having CT-like immunoreactivity. The development of sensitive radioimmunoassays meeting these criteria remains challenging. We will review some of the approaches to these problems. PMID- 6525418 TI - Radioimmunoassay of calcitonin in normal human plasma: problems, perspectives and prospects. AB - Radioimmunoassay of calcitonin in normal human plasma is hindered by immunochemical heterogeneity in plasma, variable susceptibility of antisera to non-specific factors, limited assay sensitivity, and other problems. Many controversial points in the literature arise from these difficulties. Measurement of calcitonin after various extraction procedures yields greater consistency of results. Recent advances in calcitonin assay technology offer the promise of measuring calcitonin monomer with sufficient sensitivity to permit studies of normal calcitonin physiology and of the hormone's role in human disease. PMID- 6525419 TI - Variations of plasma calcitonin levels measured by radioimmunoassay systems for human calcitonin. AB - Radioimmunoassay systems of different characteristics are available for routine determination of human calcitonin (hCT). The purity and calcitonin content of the used standards has to be observed, different antisera may yield discrepant absolute values from the same plasma samples. HCT measurements permit blood level control during treatment with this hormone. In most thyroidectomized patients hCT is not measurable--it is supposed that there is no relevant extrathyroidal calcitonin production in man. HCT RIA systems also recognize rat calcitonin. In this species, chronic hypercalcemia first leads to increased calcitonin secretion which is soon followed by a decrease. Presumably, this fall reflects down regulation of calcitonin secretion which is more a calcium conserving than an anti-hypercalcemic hormone. PMID- 6525420 TI - Calcitonin in a chronoepidemiologic perspective. AB - Calcitonin seasonal (circannual) variations in apparently healthy women and in women suffering from breast cancer in different evolutive-TNM-stage, were studied. Annual values are higher in patients with breast cancer, but there is no correlation with metastases. A significant calcitonin circannual rhythm with acrophase in winter was detectable in controls but not in breast cancer patients. The circannual rhythm obliteration could be a predictive signal of disease and not only metastatic disease. PMID- 6525421 TI - Differential diagnosis of hypercalcitoninemia. PMID- 6525422 TI - [The determination of human calcitonin by an radioimmunological method]. AB - The principal problems related to the radioimmunoassay of calcitonin are discussed: the low circulating concentrations of the hormone in normal subjects; the heterogeneity of the circulating and tissular forms of the molecule; the diversity of the antibodies used and the restricted size of the antigenic site; the divergence between the biological and immunological domains. These findings have little incidence on the measurement of the hormonal concentration in subjects suffering either from medullary carcinoma of the thyroid or tumours producing the hormone ectopically. In contrast, determining the circulating levels of calcitonin in cases of eu- or hypocalcitonism are more problematic in view of the problems reported. PMID- 6525423 TI - Calcitonin levels in normal subjects according to age and sex. AB - To evaluate the effect of age and sex on plasma calcitonin in human beings, the concentrations of the hormone were measured in 63 normal subjects aged 13-87 years of both sexes. In another study 30 healthy women were studied, 14 of them were pre-menopausal, 16 were post-menopausal. Plasma calcitonin was determined by means of a radioimmunoassay, using delayed tracer addition for increasing sensitivity. The antibody was produced in rabbits against pure synthetic human calcitonin and was specific for the aminoacid sequence 17 to 32 in the calcitonin molecule. A second antibody was used as a precipitating agent. A mean plasma calcitonin level of 71.3 +/- 37.0 SD pg/ml was observed. Women were found to have lower levels than men, the mean values being 63.4 +/- 34.7 pg/ml and 92.6 +/- 35.4 pg/ml respectively. The difference was statistically significant (P less than 0.005). No significant correlation was found between calcitonin levels and age of subjects. Premenopausal women, however, showed higher levels of plasma calcitonin than post-menopausal women, the mean values being 88.5 +/- 38.4 pg/ml and 54.0 +/- 33.6 pg/ml, respectively. This difference was also significant (P less than 0.01). Possible implications of these data are discussed. PMID- 6525424 TI - Basal plasma levels of calcitonin and bone mineral mass in normal and uremic women. Effect of menopause. AB - Basal plasma levels of immunoreactive calcitonin (iCT), forearm bone mineral content (BMC) as measured by 125I photon absorptiometry and 24-hour urinary hydroxyproline/creatinine ratio (OHPr/Cr) were determined in 32 healthy women (13 pre-menopausal, aged 40 to 54 years, and 19 post-menopausal, aged 41 to 54 years). The basal plasma levels of iCT were significantly higher in the pre menopausal group (mean value 96 vs 54 pg/ml, P less than 0.025). The BMC value of the radius was also significantly greater in the same group (mean +/- SEM 656 +/- 13 vs. 620 +/- 9 mg/cm2, P less than 0.05), while the urinary OHPr/Cr ratio was higher in the post-menopausal group (29.9 +/- 1.5 vs. 38.7 +/- 2.7 mg/g, P less than 0.02). These results suggest that basal plasma levels of iCT decrease after the menopause and support the hypothesis that a deficiency of CT could be involved in the pathogenesis of post-menopausal bone loss. Similar results were obtained in 25 uremic women on maintenance hemodialysis (9 pre-menopausal and 16 post-menopausal) aged 30 to 65 yrs.: both basal iCT levels and BMC values were significantly higher in the pre-menopausal group. PMID- 6525425 TI - [Analysis of circulating calcitonin for the detection of familial and sporadic medullary cancer]. AB - Medullary carcinoma of the thyroid is always linked to a high basal level of calcitonin or to an abnormal increase of the hormone after stimulation: this is generally the case in incipient tumoral metastases and in sub-clinical familial cases. Moreover, a normal stimulation test does not allow to eliminate the probability of a tumoral heredity and it is often difficult to discriminate between sporadic and familial cases or normal and high risk subjects during familial screening. So, in the absence of established rules of follow-up, repetitive stimulation tests will be often necessary as well as an extensive investigation of members of the families. PMID- 6525426 TI - [Plasma calcitonin and breast tumors]. AB - In order to evaluate the frequency of elevated circulating calcitonin in patients with bone metastasis plasma calcitonin level was measured in 32 patients with breast carcinoma with and without bone metastasis. Calcitonin was found in normal ranges in all patients without metastasis. In patients with bone metastasis, 4 had normal level, 2 were found with elevated calcitonin. Our results suggest that elevated calcitonin is related to the presence of bone metastasis but is not a constant finding in these patients. PMID- 6525427 TI - [Diagnosis of familial medullary cancers]. AB - Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) is hereditary in 20 to 25% of cases. It is inherited as an autosomal dominant trait. MTC can be considered as a sporadic form only after a clinical and biological survey of the two parents, siblings and children of the patient, using pentagastrin stimulation test. The authors have studied 36 patients from 26 families. Hereditary MTC with different clinical features, were discovered in two kindreds. The systematic investigation leads to the discovery of 7 cases in the first family, and of 3 in the second. The treatment of the disease at the first stage of its evolution has been possible when an early diagnosis had been made, such as in the second family. PMID- 6525429 TI - A 10-year follow-up of the National Cancer Act. AB - No decade has seen as great advances as the 1970's in the understanding of cancer and in treatment results. The discovery of the role of oncogens, of some viruses, carcinogenic chemicals, and life-style in carcinogenesis and the increased cure rates in childhood tumors, leukemias, lymphomas, and breast and testicular carcinomas are some examples. The National Cancer Act must be credited for these advances to an appreciable degree. PMID- 6525428 TI - [Circulating calcitonin in fulminating purpura in children]. AB - Hypocalcaemia may complicate the treatment of fulminating meningococcaemia in children. In an attempt to elucidate the pathophysiology of the hypocalcaemia, we have measured accompanying changes in blood levels of calcitonin (BW-336-6 antiserum) and parathyroid hormone (C-terminal antiserum IRE). Ten children aged 1-11 years with fulminating meningococcaemia are studied. The high PTH levels may be a response to the hypocalcaemia, but the hypercalcitoninaemia seems inappropriate. Provided the immunoreactivity of the calcitonin detected corresponds to calcitonin 1-32, the origin of this hypercalcitoninaemia remains to be explained. PMID- 6525430 TI - The fight against the delay in the diagnosis of cancer. AB - The cure rate of cancer patients is greater if the disease is diagnosed at an early stage. Delay in diagnosis was found in 50% of the patients referred to our center; most of those who delayed had advanced disease. The reasons for the delay are discussed. It is suggested to perform an international study in order to investigate the magnitude of the delay, its causes and its effect on the cure rate. PMID- 6525431 TI - Growth stimulation by direct cell-cell contact (contact stimulation) in normal human lung fibroblasts. AB - Clonal growth of the normal human lung fibroblasts, IMR-90, is stimulated efficiently by utilizing feeder fibroblasts. Under the sparse culture conditions, IMR-90 cells located close to the feeder cells formed colonies with a higher efficiency than those isolated from the feeders within the same dish. The IMR-90 cells in direct contact with the 3T3 cell feeders, as monitored by metabolic cooperation, showed a faster entrance into S phase than did the IMR-90 cells isolated from the feeders. The isolated cells, even when they remained closer to the feeder cells, entered S phase later than those of the IMR-90 cells making direct contact with the feeders with long pseudopods. Medium- and dish-surface conditioning with the feeders resulted in marginal improvement of the clonal growth. These observations suggest that contact stimulation of growth occurs in sparse cultures of normal human lung fibroblasts. PMID- 6525433 TI - Erythropoietin: a prime regulator of red cell differentiation. AB - Erythropoietin, a glycoprotein hormone that regulates erythroid differentiation, has been recognized for several decades. Recently, the study of this hormone has increased markedly. It has been purified and partially sequenced. There are several monoclonal and site-specific polyclonal antibodies to it that have revealed important structural information. The gene appears to have been cloned. Current efforts to understand its mode of action will yield answers to questions of importance to both basic scientists and clinicians. PMID- 6525432 TI - Greater sparing of stromal progenitor cells than of haemopoietic stem cells in gamma-irradiated mouse marrow using low dose-rates. AB - The Do value for fibroblastoid colony-forming units in mouse bone-marrow increased from 1.7 Gy using gamma-rays at 4.2 Gy/minute, to 2.6 Gy at 4.5 cGy/minute. In contrast, the sensitivity of bone-marrow stem cells was very little changed (Do approximately equal to 0.9 Gy). At 7.5 Gy acute single dose, the dose sparing achieved for CFU-F using 4.5 cGy/minute was a factor of 1.4, in between the values reported for lung of 1.8 and for haemopoiesis of 1.2. Although the role of CFU-F in the haemopoietic environment has not been established, the content of CFU-F can predict the ability of irradiated marrow to sustain haemopoiesis in the long term. Hence the data imply that the haemopoietic environment, as well as the dose-limiting lung, benefits from the use of low dose rates for haemopoietic ablations in the treatment of leukaemia. No significant further sparing of CFU-F was achieved using a lower dose-rate of 1.4 cGy per minute. PMID- 6525434 TI - Breast cancer and oral contraceptives: critique of the proposition that high potency progestogen products confer excess risk. AB - A recent report by Pike et al. from the U. S. A. concluded on the basis of epidemiologic evidence that an increased risk of breast cancer was manifested by young women who had used combination oral contraceptives (OC) with a high "potency" of progestogen over a prolonged period. This conclusion is criticized in the present article, centering on three cardinal defects in the Pike study: (1) The assigned potencies of OC's are fiction and were derived from out-dated delay-of-menses data; (2) Well-known risk factors for breast cancer were ignored; (3) The method assumed no error of recall of OC brand, dose and duration of use occurring many years before telephone interviews. Noting that others have not been able to confirm these findings, it is concluded that there is no scientific basis for accepting the suggestion of Pike et al. PMID- 6525435 TI - "The pill" and rheumatoid arthritis: benefits for the future? AB - The paper firstly reviews the recent epidemiological literature on the apparently protective effect of oral contraceptive use on the onset of rheumatoid arthritis. This epidemiological evidence is then placed in the wider context of both old and recent clinical observations on the influence of pregnancy, the menstrual cycle and exogeneous sex hormones on the course of rheumatoid arthritis. Finally, possible hints for underlying biological mechanisms are discussed. PMID- 6525436 TI - Inhibition of DNA polymerase alpha by 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside 5' triphosphates: effect of manganese ion. AB - Inhibitory effects of 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside 5'-triphosphates (ddNTP's) on the activity of mouse myeloma DNA polymerase alpha were examined. In contrast to the widely accepted conclusion that DNA polymerase alpha was not inhibited by ddNTP, our results showed that all 4 ddNTP's (ddATP, ddCTP, ddGTP, ddTTP) exhibited strong inhibitory power to this enzyme in the presence of Mn2+. The observed inhibitions by ddNTP's were neither due to chain termination of growing DNA nor to enzyme inactivation by these compounds, but due to competition with deoxynucleoside triphosphate with the same base. The inhibition constant (Ki) varied depending on the combination of template-primer, substrate and inhibitor. The results suggest that Mn2+ plays a role in increasing affinity of the dideoxynucleotides to DNA polymerase alpha by interacting with anyone or more of the dideoxynucleotide, enzyme and template-primer. PMID- 6525437 TI - Effects of B16 melanoma transplantation on the respiration of grouped C57Bl female mice. AB - Two batches of 110 females C57Bl mice were grafted with B 16 melanoma, the first batch at the age of 67 days, the second at 82 days. The animals were divided into groups of 10, and kept under a LD 12 : 12 regimen. The growth of the tumors was more rapid in the second batch. This was accompanied in this batch, by a decrease in body growth, a diminution of heart rate and an increase in QRSII amplitude. Significant decreases in carbon dioxide emission (VCO2) level, mostly during the dark period of time, when the mice had their greatest activity, and decrease in respiratory photic variations at light transitions were obtained when the tumors were well developed. Harmonic analysis of the continuous recording of carbon dioxide shows slight changes in VCO2 ultradian (40 minutes less than tau less than 12 hours) rhythms. The effects on respiration were confirmed by different survival rates and rectal temperatures between tumor grafted and controls submitted to an acute nitrogen normobaric hypoxia. PMID- 6525438 TI - [Bacteriologic analysis of 150 episodes of septicemia in a hematology department according to the length of hospitalization]. AB - One hundred and fifty episodes of septicaemia in patients in a haematology service were analysed as a function of the date of onset in relation to the date of hospitalisation. One hundred and three patients of the 122 patients were granulocytopenic and 97 patients (65%) had less than 500 polymorphonuclear neutrophils per microliter. The septicaemic episodes were classified according to three time periods: septicaemia starting before admission and during the first 24 hours in hospital, septicaemia occurring between day 1 and day 8 and septicaemia beginning on day 9 or later. For each period different factors have been studied, the number of septicaemic episodes, the frequency of multiple infection, the severity of the granulocytopenia, the antibiotics used compared to their sensitivity in vitro, the outcome of the septicaemia, the organisms isolated by blood culture and their sensitivity to different antibiotics. The patients with septicaemia arriving at the hospital with a fever, and those starting during the first week of hospitalisation are finally comparable, even though the level of mortality was distinctly different (33 and 17% respectively). The septicaemia starting after day 8 are more frequent and more severe (40% mortality). These late onset septicaemias are characterised by a higher frequency of Gram negative hospital infections, a high frequency of mixed infection with bacteria resistant to several beta-lactams and aminoglycosides. The observation of these differences between these septicaemias occurring in the first week and those starting after the eighth day should be taken into account in the choice of an empirical antibiotic regimen. An association of 2 or 3 antibiotics for these two situations respectively, involving beta-lactams and aminoglycosides, is proposed by the authors. PMID- 6525439 TI - Identification of an hyperglycemic factor from heated serum. AB - A fraction of in vitro heated serum (44 degrees C, 15 minutes) obtained by gel filtration chromatography and high performance size exclusion chromatography was found to induce an hyperglycemia when injected to Wistar rats. This fraction corresponded to a molecular weight range of 2,000-11,000. We speculate that this fraction contained a polypeptide responsible of hyperglycemia and induced by hyperthermia. PMID- 6525440 TI - Microcalorimetric investigations of drug-albumin interactions. AB - Flow microcalorimetry was used to estimate primary binding constants for drug albumin interactions. Measurements of heat of reaction at two temperatures illustrated the danger of extrapolation for pharmacokinetic purposes of measurements made at temperatures other than 37 degrees. The method could be used to predict competition between two drugs for a single binding site. Major advantages over spectroscopic techniques included direct determinations of thermodynamic parameters, and the use of physiological concentrations of albumin. PMID- 6525441 TI - In vitro and in vivo bioequivalence of commercial prednisone tablets. AB - The purpose of the study was to examine the bioequivalence of five commercially available oral prednisone products. The in vivo study utilized 18 healthy males, each of whom was administered 20 mg of prednisone as a reference solution or as a tablet in a 6-week, six-way crossover design. Blood was collected and serum was assayed, using an HPLC procedure specific for prednisone and prednisolone. Mean pharmacokinetic parameters (t 1/2, ke, Cmax, tmax, and AUC) were determined. ANOVA was performed on the prednisone and prednisolone data (F-test, p less than 0.05) as well as Duncan's multiple range analysis. Dissolution tests were also performed on each of the five products in order to test the relationship between dissolution and bioequivalence among prednisone products. The in vitro study consisted of a standard USP dissolution test which included tablets from the same lots as the tablets used in the in vivo study. The data showed no statistical difference in any of the pharmacokinetic parameters among tableted products, subjects, or dosing periods in the study. There was also no statistical difference in the dissolution study among the five commercial tablet forms. PMID- 6525443 TI - A model describing the disposition of phenytoin in isolated rat hepatocytes. AB - The use of isolated rat hepatocytes in studies of drug metabolism has become well documented in the past few years. However, in part because of modelling difficulties due to the simultaneously occurring substrate transferring processes, its predictability of in vivo situations has not been emphasized. Much controversy surrounds the metabolism of phenytoin (5,5-diphenylhydantoin), a widely used anticonvulsant, and an appropriate pharmacokinetic model to describe the disposition of this drug still lacks general acceptance. In the present study, metabolism of phenytoin in the isolated rat hepatocyte system was followed by assaying either the unchanged drug or the pooled metabolites in both the suspending medium and the cells. A model was developed which can describe the time course of the different species sampled. Inhibition of biotransformation by the major metabolic product [5-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-5-phenylhydantoin or p-HPPH] and the uptake and release of the latter were also studied, in order to elucidate the role of product inhibition in determining the dose-dependent pharmacokinetic behaviour of the drug. The results obtained strongly suggest that only concentrations of p-HPPH higher than the ones attained by phenytoin biotransformation alone can significantly inhibit the main enzymatic reaction. PMID- 6525442 TI - Theophylline disposition in residents living near a chemical waste site. AB - The pharmacokinetics of theophylline were compared in 11 residents living near a chemical waste site (Love Canal) and 25 control subjects from Western New York. Love Canal residents had documented chronic exposure to a variety of organic and halogenated compounds. Only young adults with no overt diseases were examined. Theophylline plasma clearances were similar in the two groups, although the enzyme inductive effects of tobacco smoking were further confirmed. The lack of environmental effect on theophylline clearance indicates that no chronic net change in one pathway of microsomal P-448 oxidation occurred. The possibility of acute changes related to seasonal chemical exposure and mixed inductive/repressive effects from the myriad types of chemicals may confound the data. PMID- 6525444 TI - The metabolic fate of 14C-oxaprotiline X HCl in man. III. Stereospecific disposition. AB - The disposition of the enantiomers of oxaprotiline has been investigated after single 100 mg oral doses of racemic 14C-labelled oxaprotiline X HCl in two healthy subjects. Absorption was complete. Peak blood concentrations of total 14C were 804 and 1010 ng equiv. g-1 after 4-6 h in the two subjects. After 9 days 85 and 80 per cent of the dose were excreted in urine, and a total of 93 and 87 per cent were found in the excreta. Mean peak blood concentrations of unchanged S(+)- and R(-)-oxaprotiline amounted to 25 and 10 ng g-1 before, and 474 and 422 ng g-1 after acid hydrolysis (free plus O-glucuronide). The mean blood half-lives of the S(+) and R(-) isomers were 22 and 23 h. Direct O-glucuronidation is the major metabolic pathway and N-demethylation a minor one. The former is more marked with the S(+) isomer and the latter with the R(-) isomer. For oxaprotiline, the AUC ration of S(+) to R(-) was 2.2 before and 1.4 after hydrolysis. For desmethyl oxaprotiline the corresponding ration was 0.8 after hydrolysis. In urine, 0.8 and 0.5 per cent of total 14C were present as unchanged S(+)- and R(-)-oxaprotiline. After acid hydrolysis of the O-glucuronides, the enantiomers account for 44.7 and 37.1 per cent. The O-glucuronides of S(+)- and R(-)-desmethyl oxaprotiline account for 4.6 and 5.7 per cent. PMID- 6525445 TI - Protein binding of lidocaine in canine serum and plasma: effects of an acidic pH and the technique of study. PMID- 6525446 TI - Scaling of camptothecin plasma protein binding in 24 species. PMID- 6525447 TI - In vitro studies on the metabolism of cimetidine by rat liver microsomes- identification of a new N-desmethylcimetidine metabolite. PMID- 6525449 TI - Defective regulation of the cytosolic Ca2+ activity in parathyroid cells from patients with hyperparathyroidism. AB - The parathyroid hormone (PTH) release and cytosolic Ca2+ activity were determined in normal bovine parathyroid cells and parathyroid cells obtained from patients with hyperparathyroidism (HPT). There was a sigmoid relation between the cytosolic Ca2+ activity and the extracellular calcium concentration between 0.5 and 6.0 mmol/l. The PTH release was inhibited in parallel with the rise in the cytosolic Ca2+ activity. Both the hormone release and the cytosolic Ca2+ activity were lower in cells from human adenomas and hyperplastic glands, and in comparison with the bovine preparations these cells had higher set points for the cytosolic Ca2+ activity and PTH release. There was a close correlation between the individual set points for the cytosolic Ca2+ activity and PTH release in a material containing both normal and pathological cells. The results indicate that the abnormal PTH release characteristic of HPT is due to a defective regulation of the cytosolic Ca2+ activity. PMID- 6525448 TI - Glucagon treatment of rats inhibits the accumulation of lysophospholipids by liver mitochondria during preparation and subsequent incubation. AB - Rat liver mitochondria isolated from rats exposed to 32Pi for 24 h and treated with glucagon for 15 min before sacrifice contained less lysophosphatidylcholine and lysophosphatidylethanolamine than those from control animals. Incubation of the mitochondria at 37 degrees C for 15 min increased the lysophosphatidylcholine concentration of control mitochondria but not of those from glucagon-treated animals. Lysophosphatidylethanolamine showed little change during in vitro incubation of mitochondria and this was not affected by glucagon treatment. These results are discussed in relation to the effects of glucagon treatment on mitochondrial function in situ and in vitro. PMID- 6525450 TI - Clonal heterogeneity of thymic muscle-cell precursors. AB - Three myoid-cell clones were established from the thymuses of two Wistar rats; one thymus yielded two clones, R615A and R615B2, and the other yielded one clone, R613Ad. The three clones were divided into two subtypes. Both subtypes were able to form myofibrils, expressed AChR on their cell-surface membrane, and contained myofibrillar ATPase characteristic of undifferentiated type-2C fibers, but they differed from each other in morphology, expression of Thy 1 antigen, spontaneous contractility, and qualitative accumulation of AChR. Immunolocalization studies using antisera against the respective cell subtypes also indicated regional differences in their cellular origin. These results show that the thymus contains heterogenous myoid-cell precursors. PMID- 6525451 TI - An encapsidated, subgenomic messenger RNA encodes the coat protein of carnation mottle virus. AB - The translation strategy of carnation mottle virus (CarMV) in vitro has been generally assumed to involve internal initiation events on full-length, genomic RNA (4.3 kb). We suggest that this is, at least in part, incorrect. Encapsidated RNA, fractionated on denaturing sucrose gradients, or total RNA from CarMV infected leaves, fractionated under non-denaturing conditions, was translated in an mRNA-dependent rabbit reticulocyte cell-free system. Evidence for subgenomic RNAs which encode a polypeptide of Mr 38 000 was found. This product was shown to be related to authentic CarMV coat protein by partial proteolysis with alpha chymotrypsin and SDS/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis. PMID- 6525452 TI - Studies of phosphorus metabolism by isolated nuclei. XII. Some fundamental properties of the incorporation of 32Pi into polyphosphate by rat liver nuclei. AB - Rat liver nuclei incubated in vitro catalyze a sustained incorporation of 32Pi into polyphosphate. A preliminary estimate indicates a minimal rate of 10 moles of Pi incorporation into polyphosphates/h/mg protein. Polyphosphate is the predominant acid-insoluble product of nuclear phosphorylation; its formation is dependent on the presence of a divalent cation and is catalyzed by a system or systems as yet uncharacterized. PMID- 6525453 TI - A tetraantennary glycopeptide from human Tamm-Horsfall glycoprotein inhibits agglutination of desialylated erythrocytes induced by leucoagglutinin. AB - Complex-type glycopeptides from Human Tamm-Horsfall glycoprotein were fractionated by affinity chromatography on leucoagglutinin-agarose. An oligosaccharide species was retained by the lectin-gel, suggesting that it contains an alpha-mannose residue of the trimannosyl core substituted at C-2 and C-6 positions with beta-N-acetylglucosamine, as in tetraantennary oligosaccharides. The carbohydrate composition supported this branching pattern. The agglutination of neuraminidase-treated human erythrocytes induced by leucoagglutinin was selectively inhibited by the tetraantennary glycopeptide fraction. PMID- 6525455 TI - A metabolic osmotic model of human erythrocytes. AB - A metabolic osmotic model of red blood cells is presented which takes into account the main reaction steps of glycolysis and the passive and active fluxes of ions across the cell membrane. Cellular energy metabolism and osmotic behaviour are linked by the ATP consumption for the active transport of cations as well as by the osmotic action of the glycolytic intermediate 2,3 diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG). The model is based on a system of differential equations describing the metabolic reactions and transport processes. Further, two algebraic conditions for the osmotic equilibrium and the electroneutrality of the cell are considered. Using realistic system parameters the model allows the calculation of a great number of dependent variables, among them the cell volume, the concentrations of metabolites and ions and the transmembrane potential. Only stationary states are considered. The parameter dependence of important model variables is characterized by control coefficients. The main results are: (a) The volume of erythrocytes is mainly determined by the permeabilities of the leak fluxes of cations, the content of hemoglobin and the activity of the hexokinase phosphofructokinase system of glycolysis; (b) Changes of volume affect the glycolytic rate mainly by changing the concentration of ATP which is a regulator of glycolysis; (c) A change in the membrane area may affect the other cell properties only if it is connected with variations of the number of active and leak sites of the membrane. PMID- 6525454 TI - A theoretical approach to cluster formation in biological membranes. AB - A theoretical analysis of cluster formation within the lipid matrix of biological membranes is presented. Various models are analysed: (a) one-dimensional monolayer, (b) two-dimensional monolayer and (c) one dimensional bilayer. Furthermore, lipid-protein interactions are considered. The model is based on differential equations for the probabilities ai and bi which characterize the occupation of the lattice site i by the lipids A and B, respectively. These differential equations are an approximation of the Master-equation. Steady states as well as time-dependent variations are analysed. Depending on the interaction energies of the two lipids, different stationary lipid distributions are obtained, including clusters of lipids A or B and alternating structures. The distributions may be dynamically stable or unstable. It is shown that phase transitions within the lipid matrix may be induced by alteration of the composition of the membrane, by changing the interaction energies of the lipids, by variation of the temperature or by lipid-protein interactions. The transitions between different stationary distributions are studied by use of bifurcation diagrams. The analysis of time-dependent states reveals that unstable structures of the membrane may be important for certain time periods. Consideration of the lipid bilayer leads to a great number of possible distributions, which may be symmetric or asymmetric with respect to the outer and inner leaflets of the membrane. PMID- 6525456 TI - Stability of large systems. AB - We use the May-Wigner Stability Theorem (Geman (1984) preprint, Brown University; Hastings (1984) preprint, Hofstra University), to study the Lyapunov and structural stability of "real" large systems. Here are our new main results. For large systems which satisfy certain natural scaling relations (Harrison, Am. Natur., 113 (1979) 659; May (1979) Blackwell Scientific, Oxford), Lyapunov stability tends to increase with increasing complexity. However, at least one aspect of structural stability decreases: both competitive and cooperative effects can rapidly destabilize such a system. Finally, we observe that random matrices which satisfy the hypotheses and stability criterion of the May-Wigner theorem are asymptotically of the form 'rotation followed by multiplication by lambda,lambda less than 1'. This allows an easy analysis of the effects of noise in these systems. We conclude by briefly discussing applications to analysis of stability of systems such as the world economy, power networks, and the immune system. PMID- 6525457 TI - A conformational rationale for the replication of nucleic acids under prebiotic conditions. AB - The Watson-Crick model at once gave an explanation for the mechanism of replication of DNA. But the hydrogen-bonding forces between the bases alone are not enough for the specificity of base-pairing mechanisms, since any pair of bases can be positioned to have at least two hydrogen bonds. In the present-day biological organisms, sophisticated enzymatic machinery is supposed to constrain the ribose-phosphate backbone to have regular structure, aiding the self templating duplication. For the prebiotic stage, whence sophisticated enzymes would not have been evolved, we propose a novel double helical conformation of DNA wherein the two sugar-phosphate backbones are pulled towards each other by (C H - -O) hydrogen bonds conferring stereospecificity for the formation of (A:T)- and (G:C)-pairs, in the self-templating chains of DNA. Our model-building efforts and computer calculations endorse the stereochemical feasibility of the conformation. The pairing of homologous sequences of two double helices of DNA is explained by direct hydrogen-bonding interactions in our model and it is thus relevant to the present-day biological functions also, at least in some stages of the cell-cycle. PMID- 6525459 TI - The criminal defendant with identified mental disorder. PMID- 6525458 TI - Hospitalization of the dangerous patient: legal pressures and clinical responses. PMID- 6525460 TI - A study of violence within a forensic treatment facility. PMID- 6525461 TI - Rural civil commitment. PMID- 6525462 TI - Criminality of discharged insanity acquittees: fifteen year experience in Maryland reviewed. PMID- 6525464 TI - Comprehensive survey of forensic psychiatrists: their training and their practices. PMID- 6525463 TI - Oregon's new insanity defense system: a review of the first five years, 1978 to 1982. PMID- 6525465 TI - The value of a radioimmunological monitoring in cancer patients treated with interferon alpha. AB - Using a radioimmunoassay for human leukocyte interferon (IFN alpha), pharmacokinetic studies were carried out in twelve cancer patients given sequential intramuscular injections of Hu IFN alpha 2. Even though individual monitoring of serum IFN titers emphasized, for a given dose, marked quantitative variations of the observed maximum concentrations, their mean values were found to be dose-dependent (358 +/- 167 U/ml at 30.10(6) U and 1044 +/- 599 U/ml at 100.10(6) U doses). Comparison with bioassay results showed that IFN activities measured in sera were of the same order of magnitude as those calculated from radioimmunoassay standard curves. Data obtained from this series on observed peak time, half-life value and serum concentrations were consistent with those reported by the other groups using recombinant leukocyte interferon in clinical trial. Therefore, radioimmunoassay is an useful method for routinely assaying IFN alpha used either as antitumour or antivirus agent because of its high sensitivity (4 U/ml) and its simplicity. PMID- 6525466 TI - Changes in lipoprotein lipase activity (LPLA) in tumor cells and tissues in mice bearing Ehrlich ascites tumor. AB - Lipid content and lipoprotein lipase activity (LPLA) of serum and various tissues of mice bearing Ehrlich ascites tumor have been studied. The growing tumor caused hyperlipidemia, depletion of adipose tissue, a slight increase of heart lipid content, lipid accretion in the tumor cells and a relative increase of free fatty acids and cholesterol in the ascites fluid. LPLA of the post-heparin plasma was higher in tumorous than in control mice. Tumor growth led to a marked decline of LPLA in the adipose tissue and an elevation in the heart. It declined slightly in the older tumor cells and increased in the ascites plasma of the same. It has been concluded that: a) decline in adipose tissue LPLA may play an important part in the development of hyperlipidemia and loss of body fat; b) increase of the heart LPLA proves insufficient for elimination of the piled up blood lipids during progression; c) LPLA in the ascites fluid may favour the hydrolysis of triglycerides entering the ascites fluid, which might account at least in part for the fatty acids made available to the tumor; d) LPLA detected in the tumor cells might also facilitate the assimilation of lipids by the tumor cells. PMID- 6525467 TI - [Cancer of the esophagus induced in the Wistar rat by ethyl-N-butyl-nitrosamine]. AB - OEsophageal papillomas and carcinomas have been induced in Wistar rats using Ethyl-N-Butyl-Nitrosamine. None of those lesions were observed in a previous experiment on the same rats strains, with ethanol and apple brandy. Experimentally induced tumours in the rat are different from oesophageal cancers and associated mucous lesions in man. Both upper digestive mucosae are only similar in regards to their response to carcinogens. PMID- 6525468 TI - [Analysis of 1125 partial breast resections for diagnostic purposes. Occurrence of cancer and its histology]. AB - One thousand two hundred and twenty-five partial breast resections, examined in serial gross sections have been retrospectively reviewed. The percentage of benign lesions in comparison with malignant lesions is 70 per cent-30 per cent. The percentage of malignant lesions is maximum (43%) in clustered microcalcifications which are so the best criteria of malignancy. A diagnosis of non infiltrating carcinoma has been misdiagnosed at the first examination in 6 per cent of cases. This misdiagnosis is partially explained by very small foci of carcinoma and recent recognition of certain histological types of early carcinoma. It must be noticed the unsuspected frequence of carcinoma (17%) detected by random in ipsilateral breast tissue from plastic surgery, after controlateral reconstruction for carcinoma. The analysis of benign lesions associated with carcinoma shows a significative frequent association with carcinoma in two types of lesion: radial scar and late phase of blunt duct adenosis. PMID- 6525469 TI - [Endothelial adhesion and effraction by human MCF-7 mammary tumor cells. Morphological and quantitative study in culture]. PMID- 6525470 TI - Requirements of structure and resource for an adequate audiology service in the post-Griffiths Health Service. AB - Planning the development of services in audiology has been hampered by lack of an explicit set of recommendations concerning the range of services to be offered and their detailed procedural content. We provide this and bracket each service component with its resource requirements, indicating roughly what it should cost to introduce or appropriately deliver each component. We provide such a list, distinguishing between routine services requiring to be organised at health district level and those more specialised (low-patient-volume) services that are more appropriately centralised. This framework encourages explicit decisions as to what services are made available at each site, in the light of economic and other factors, and allows of contracting between districts to meet the needs of the population, rather than assuming a fixed model for a district service. PMID- 6525471 TI - Tonal adaptation. AB - The loudness of a continuous pure tone does not appear to change with time unless an interrupted tone is introduced at intervals during the course of the test; in consequence it is held that it is the interrupted tone which induces the loudness loss. This, however, cannot be called on to account for the marked change in quality or 'timbre' of a sustained pure tone which occurs over a period of time and which has the attributes of 'tonal adaptation', matching the time course of loudness adaptation revealed by dichotic loudness balance and other procedures. It is argued that the latter have to do with the measurement of sensation while judgement of the loudness of a continuous tone in isolation involves higher-order perceptual processes. PMID- 6525472 TI - Hearing-aid selection: an integrated approach. AB - This paper outlines the application of a general model of audiological rehabilitation to hearing-aid selection in its broadest sense. In it an attempt is made to take into account the non-acoustical as well as the acoustical factors. From the standpoint of an extension of the general model, it illustrates the way in which the information obtained in the evaluative part of the rehabilitative model may be applied in the remedial part of that model. The overall aim in this is to facilitate an evolution of the process of hearing-aid selection from a clinical 'art' to a clinical 'science' considering all relevant factors. PMID- 6525473 TI - Changing patterns of hearing-aid use and level of support. AB - Research on adjustment to hearing-aid use has in the past mostly focused on hours of use by patients and drawn its sample mainly from the retired population. Although this has given us a framework for developing a counselling service, it does not in itself give an indication of optimal levels of use nor of situations for use in the population who have to use hearing aids at work. This study collected data on hearing-aid use from a sample of people aged between 25 and 55 years who fell into four categories of recency of fitting of a hearing aid. As well as finding differences in the satisfaction with levels of support, there were differences in favour of greater use of the aid at work than at home. Strikingly, while embarrassment in use had declined over time, actual use of the aid was also reported as declining. Clearly, the adjustment process to hearing aid use is determined by a whole series of personal and situational factors. It is these subjective factors which need to be considered when counselling services are being planned. PMID- 6525474 TI - A study of neonates' differential responses to three voices, as measured by transcutaneous oxymonitor. AB - 123 newborn infants were tested for changes in arterial oxygen status as an index of response to three voices, one of these being the maternal voice. Male infants responded more than female infants to their mother's voice, but female infants showed a higher response to the other female voice and the male voice. Black infants of each sex responded more than white infants to the maternal voice and to the other female voice. White female infants responded more than black female infants to the male voice. PMID- 6525475 TI - The relationship between acoustic reflex threshold and air-bone gap. AB - Neither air-bone gap nor acoustic reflex presence/absence gives an unequivocal indication of abnormality in middle-ear sound transmission. In the present study, a stratified population sample was investigated to examine the interrelationships between these and other parameters of middle-ear status. Of a total of 1725 ears, 1450 had both normal acoustic reflex threshold (ART less than or equal to 100 dB; see text) and air-bone gap (ABG less than or equal to 15 dB); 70 had both abnormal ART and ABG; 160 had abnormal ART but normal ABG; 45 had abnormal ABG but normal ART. Examination of data on tympanic membrane appearance and middle ear pressure in the latter two groups suggests that ART is a considerably more sensitive indicator than ABG of hearing loss involving middle-ear abnormality, with only a marginally higher rate of false positives. However, a more comprehensive clinical picture is obtained when both ART and ABG are measured. PMID- 6525476 TI - Sensory hair cell damage from high frequency noise exposure. AB - Fifteen guinea pigs were exposed to the noise of an 'ultrasonic' cleaning bath which gave maximum airborne radiation at 12.5 kHz amounting to 104 dB SPL in the one-third octave band. The animals were exposed for 2.5, 8 or 16 h and killed either 4 or 8 weeks after exposure, following which any damaged sensory hair cells were quantified. One third of the cochleae showed no sign of damage, but one animal had quite severe, scattered hair cell loss throughout both cochleae. The remainder showed some scattered hair cell loss, but only in the basal turn. Great variation was found in the damage to the cochleae of the exposed animals. PMID- 6525477 TI - Akinesia in parkinsonism--clinical and pharmacological analysis of parkinsonian symptoms. PMID- 6525478 TI - Developing alternative approaches to urban wastewater disposal in Latin America and the Caribbean. PMID- 6525479 TI - Associations of arbovirus vectors with gallery forests and domestic environments in southeastern Bolivia. PMID- 6525480 TI - An evaluation of the child health services in Cornwall County, Jamaica. PMID- 6525481 TI - Drug information issues: a Caribbean perspective. PMID- 6525482 TI - Evaluation of chlorphoxim used against Anopheles albimanus on the south coast of Mexico: 1. Results of indoor chlorphoxim applications and assessment of the methodology employed. PMID- 6525483 TI - Acute rheumatic fever in the southeastern metropolitan area of Santiago, Chile, 1976-1981. PMID- 6525484 TI - Investigation of a measles outbreak in Brazil's Federal District. PMID- 6525485 TI - An analysis of leprosy incidence by patient age and the clinical form of the disease. PMID- 6525486 TI - Human genetics and prevention of coronary heart disease. PMID- 6525487 TI - Recommendations of the Caribbean Conference on Health/Mental Health Models. PMID- 6525488 TI - Proceedings of the conference held before the 1984 London marathon. PMID- 6525489 TI - First time marathoners and distance training. PMID- 6525490 TI - The metabolic challenge of the marathon. PMID- 6525491 TI - Amenorrhoeic athletes: at risk of developing osteoporosis? PMID- 6525492 TI - Temperature regulation during marathon competition. PMID- 6525493 TI - Marathon running and adverse weather conditions: a miscellany. AB - This paper considers various predisposing and corrective factors for hypothermia and hyperthermia in marathon runners. It is concluded that a race should be cancelled or deferred if the forecast suggests that certain climatic thresholds are likely to be met or crossed. PMID- 6525494 TI - Medical experience of the great north run. PMID- 6525495 TI - Plasma creatine kinase after the marathon--a diagnostic dilemma. AB - The mechanism of the protein leak from exercised muscle remains obscure, but may be related to depletion of intracellular high-energy phosphate and/or to mechanical disruption. The high levels of creatine kinase (CK) and other muscle proteins found in plasma for several days after marathon running, especially downhill running, are due to protein efflux from skeletal muscle. There is no evidence that marathon running damages the healthy, well-perfused myocardium, despite the fact that the plasma levels of total creatine kinase (CK), the isoenzyme CK-MB, CK-MB/total CK (%), myoglobin, aspartate transaminase, lactate dehydrogenase and tropomyosin may be the same as after myocardial infarction. These indices must be interpreted with the greatest caution when found in anyone who habitually undertakes strenuous exercise, especially if they have done so within the previous week. PMID- 6525496 TI - Marathons and St. John. PMID- 6525497 TI - Reducing the prevalence of exercise related cardiac death. PMID- 6525498 TI - Sudden death and sport--preventable or inevitable. PMID- 6525500 TI - Scanning electron microscopy of the central nervous system. II. The hippocampus. AB - This study has presented cells, fibers and non-neuronal elements as seen in 3 dimensions using the SEM. Our discussion on possible artifacts which can occur with this method is offered in the hope that others will develop better techniques of dissection and specimen preparation. With the picture of normal tissue in mind, the investigator can undertake studies to determine the effects of various interventions on the structures of interest. Such treatments could include deafferentation or the use of macromolecular probes bound to cell surfaces. We anticipate that improvements in tissue preparation techniques by ourselves and others will open the way to intensive investigation of the nervous system using this powerful tool. PMID- 6525499 TI - Marathon without a colon: salt and water balance in endurance running ileostomates. AB - Five trained ileostomates completed a marathon in a cool environment without ill effect. During the race, the ileostomy losses of sodium (1.0-2.7 mmol.h-1) and of water (9.2-19 ml.h-1) were small, but urinary excretion of sodium was very low (0.2-0.75 mmol.h-1) despite drinking a combination of water and glucose electrolyte solution. The concentration of potassium in the ileostomy discharge tended to increase, also suggesting a sodium retaining state. Healthy ileostomates after suitable training are successful marathon runners, but the prevalence of mild salt depletion in ileostomates generally suggests that it may be advisable for them to take only glucose-electrolyte solutions when competing at any ambient temperature or when preparing for a marathon which is to take place in a warm environment. PMID- 6525501 TI - Effects of nerve growth factor and its antibodies on sprouting of sensory axons following spinal cord hemisection. AB - Axons were counted in rat dorsal roots three segments cranial and three segments caudal to a spinal hemisection done at birth. The animals were placed in three groups: (1) hemisected (HEMI), (2) hemisected and given nerve growth factor (NGF) daily (HEMI + NGF) and (3) hemisected and given antibodies to NGF daily (HEMI + anti-NGF). They were sacrificed at 1 month. In the HEMI and HEMI + NGF groups, there were 20% and 13% more unmyelinated axons, respectively, in roots of the operated side. We interpret these differences to be the result of sprouting of unmyelinated axons as a result of denervation, and exogenous NGF does not seem to affect the response. By contrast, the unmyelinated axon responses in HEMI + anti NGF animals are different. These animals have approximately 7% more unmyelinated axons on the denervated side and 50% more axons on the normal side than in the other animals we studied. The results on the anti-NGF animals are interpreted as indicating sprouting in response to a chemical denervation caused by NGF removal and the response is more dramatic on the unoperated side. PMID- 6525502 TI - Electrical fields directly contribute to action potential synchronization during convulsant-induced epileptiform bursts. AB - Synchronous field-potential bursts were induced in hippocampal slices with picrotoxin. Differential recording between intracellular and adjacent extracellular electrodes during paroxysmal depolarization shifts revealed rapid transmembrane depolarizations (TMDs), which were spike prepotentials generated by electrical field effects. These experiments demonstrate that endogenous electrical fields contribute to spike synchronization in the presence of convulsant drugs when excitatory chemical synapses are functional. PMID- 6525503 TI - Interhemispheric reciprocal interaction between ventroposterolateral thalamic nuclei involving cortical relay neurons. AB - Extracellular and intracellular recordings were performed in the somatosensory cortex of cats anesthetized with sodium pentobarbital. Commissural neurons identified antidromically from the corpus callosum (CC) were activated synaptically at latencies compatible with a monosynaptic delay following stimulation of the thalamic ventroposterolateral (VPL) nucleus. Corticothalamic cells identified antidromically from the VPL nucleus were synaptically driven at latencies compatible with either a mono- or disynaptic delay following CC stimulation. We propose that an interhemispheric reciprocal interaction exists between VPL nuclei via cortical relay cells involving commissural and corticothalamic neurons. PMID- 6525504 TI - Further evidence for changes in the responsiveness of somatosensory neurons in arthritic rats: a study of the posterior intralaminar region of the thalamus. AB - In 21 arthritic rats, responses of 128 somatosensory neurons located in the intralaminar region of the thalamus were studied. This study reveals a profound change in the responses of intralaminar neurons in such rats, as compared with those observed in normal animals. Most of the activated neurons (98/120) were driven by moderate mechanical stimulation applied to the joints, while only few neurons (7/120) were exclusively driven by intense mechanical stimuli such as pinch. In addition numerous activated neurons were located in the ascending branch of the CL where in normal rat, few somatosensory 'noxious' neurons have been recorded. PMID- 6525505 TI - Behavioral interaction of adenosine and diazepam in mice. AB - Mice were implanted with chronic indwelling cannulae in the lateral cerebral ventricle. The behavioral interaction of intraperitoneal (i.p.) injections of diazepam with intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.t.) injections of adenosine or 5'-N ethylcarboxamidoadenosine (NECA) was examined on spontaneous locomotor activity. Concurrent injections of i.c.v.t. adenosine and i.p. diazepam, at doses which had no significant effect on locomotor activity when given alone, acted synergistically to produce a marked depression of locomotor activity. In contrast, i.p. injections of diazepam did not potentiate the locomotor depressant effects of i.c.v.t. injections of NECA, an uptake resistant analog of adenosine. These findings support the possibility of specific benzodiazepine-adenosine interactions in the central nervous system. PMID- 6525506 TI - Distribution of cerebellar mossy fibers arising from neurons of the raccoon main cuneate nucleus. AB - The present study demonstrates that fibers originating in the raccoon main cuneate nucleus are not segregated in specific cortical regions of target cerebellar folia as reported in studies of the cat cuneocerebellar tract. This observation supports the hypothesis that exteroceptive and proprioceptive divisions of the raccoon cuneocerebellar tract do not exist as distinct structural entities. The findings of this study do not preclude the possibility that projections from the external and main cuneate nuclei are segregated within the cerebellar cortex on the basis of functional modality rather than nucleus of origin. PMID- 6525507 TI - Directional sensitivity of neurons in the lumbar spinal cord to neck rotation. AB - A combination of roll and pitch stimuli was applied to the head of decerebrate, labyrinthectomized cats to determine the direction of maximal sensitivity ('vector') of lumbar neurons to neck rotation. Some neurons were best modulated by pitch, others by roll or by intermediate stimulus planes. Among modulated neurons were propriospinal neurons activated antidromically from the lumbosacral enlargement. PMID- 6525508 TI - Direct projections from the globus pallidus to the paraventricular nucleus of the thalamus in the rat. AB - After injecting horseradish peroxidase into the thalamic regions around the paraventricular thalamic nucleus (Pv) in the rat, small neurons in the globus pallidus (GP) were labeled retrogradely with the enzyme. After injecting [3H]leucine into the GP, terminal labeling was autoradiographically observed in the Pv bilaterally with an ipsilateral dominance. These terminals in the Pv were shown by electron microscopic autoradiography to make asymmetrical synaptic contacts upon small dendrites of Pv neurons. PMID- 6525509 TI - Effects of Pb2+ and Cd2+ on acetylcholine release and Ca2+ movements in synaptosomes and subcellular fractions from rat brain and Torpedo electric organ. AB - In this work we examined the effects of Pb2+ and Cd2+ on (a) [3H]ACh release and voltage-sensitive Ca2+ channels in rat brain synaptosomes, and (b) 45Ca2+ binding to isolated brain mitochondria and microsomes, and synaptic vesicles isolated from Torpedo electric organs. Pb2+ (Ki approximately 1.1 microM) and Cd2+ (Ki approximately 2.2) competitively block the K+-evoked influx of 45Ca2+ through the 'fast' calcium channels in synaptosomes. The Kis obtained with synaptosomes are in good agreement with the Ki values obtained from electrophysiological experiments at the frog neuromuscular junction (KPb:0.99 microM, KCd: 1.7 microM)7. The Ki for the inhibition of ACh release from synaptosomes by Cd2+ is 4.5 microM. Pb2+ is a less effective inhibitor of transmitter release (Ki approximately 16 microM) because it secondarily augments spontaneous transmitter efflux. Cd2+ has no effect on spontaneous release at concentrations less than or equal to 100 microM. The enhancing effect of Pb2+ on spontaneous release is (a) not abolished by omission of Ca2+ from the bathing medium, (b) is delayed by 1-2 min after the beginning of Pb2+ exposure, (c) is reversed upon the removal of Pb2+. In the presence of physiological concentrations of ATP (1 mM), Mg2+ (1 mM) and Pi (2 mM), 1-10 microM Pb2+ inhibits calcium uptake but Pb2+ greater than 10 microM causes a several-fold stimulation of passive binding of calcium to the organelles. This effect is associated with Pb2+-induced enhancement of Pi uptake. Cd2+ inhibits Ca2+ binding at all concentrations tested (1-50 microM) and reduces the Pb2+-induced Ca2+-binding to organelles. Neither Pb2+ nor Cd2+ have any discernible effects on spontaneous loss of calcium from mitochondria or microsomes preloaded with 45Ca. In summary, these data are consistent with the notion that Pb2+ and Cd2+ are potent blockers of presynaptic voltage-sensitive Ca2+ channels and the evoked release of transmitter which is contingent on Ca2+ influx through these channels. Our results are not consistent with the hypothesis that Pb2+ augments spontaneous release by interfering with intraterminal Ca2+ buffering by mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, or synaptic vesicles. PMID- 6525510 TI - Effects of estradiol and prolactin on incertohypothalamic dopaminergic neurons in the male rat. AB - The activity of incertohypothalamic, tuberoinfundibular, mesolimbic and nigrostriatal dopamine (DA) neurons was estimated by measuring the rate of turnover of DA (decline of DA after alpha-methyltyrosine) in brain regions containing the cell bodies and terminals of these neurons. Estradiol benzoate (25 micrograms/kg/day X 3; s.c.), markedly increased the concentration of prolactin in plasma and increased the rate of turnover of DA in median eminence, but failed to alter DA neuronal activity in the striatum or nucleus accumbens. An intracerebroventricular injection of prolactin (10 micrograms/rat, 12 h) mimicked the effect of estradiol on the turnover of DA in the median an eminence. Within the incertohypothalamic DA system, both estradiol and prolactin increased DA turnover in the dorsomedial nucleus but decreased DA turnover in the rostral periventricular, medial preoptic and preoptico-suprachiasmatic nuclei. Hypophysectomy decreased the tonic activity of tuberoinfundibular DA neurons, but failed to alter the activity of incertohypothalamic DA neurons. The stimulatory effects of estrogen on DA turnover in the median eminence and dorsomedial nucleus, and the inhibitory effects of this hormone on rostral hypothalamus DA neurons were blocked by hypophysectomy. Taken together these results suggest that estradiol induced changes in intact male rats are mediated by prolactin. Estradiol increased incertohypothalamic DA neuronal activity in the medial preoptic and preoptic-suprachiasmatic nuclei of hypophysectomized rats suggesting that in the absence of circulating prolactin, estradiol has a direct stimulatory effect on incertohypothalamic DA neurons in the rostral, periventricular hypothalamus.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6525511 TI - Effects of melatonin on human mood and performance. AB - The function of melatonin, a hormone secreted by the pineal gland primarily at night, has not been definitively established in humans. To determine if pharmacologic doses of melatonin had any behavioral effects it was administered acutely to 14 healthy men. Their mood, performance, memory and visual sensitivity were assessed. Plasma melatonin concentration was assayed as well. Melatonin significantly decreased self-reported alertness and increased sleepiness as measured by the Profile of Mood States and the Stanford Sleepiness Scale self report mood questionnaires. The effects were brief. Melatonin also affected performance, slowing choice-reaction time but concurrently decreasing errors of commission. Sustained fine motor performance was not impaired after melatonin administration nor were the tests of memory and visual sensitivity that were administered. It is concluded that melatonin, administered orally in pharmacological quantities, has significant but short acting sedative-like properties. PMID- 6525512 TI - The injury response of nerve fibres in the anterior medullary velum of the adult rat. AB - The injury response of myelinated central nervous system (CNS) axons was documented in the anterior medullary velum (AMV) of the adult rat. Study of silver-stained AMV whole-mounts revealed sprouting of injured axons as early as 14 h post-lesion (hpl), with a complex network of fibres formed by 48 hpl. Signs of fibre degeneration were also apparent from 48 hpl, increasing in extent until 15 days post-lesion (dpl). Fragmentation was largely confined to specific fibre bundles, constituted by the distal portions of severed axons. Although some degeneration of regenerated axons was evident from 15-20 dpl, many remained intact beyond this time, particularly in the area adjacent to the exit of the trochlear nerve, where most regenerated fibres penetrated the ipsilateral trochlear nerve. Counts of HRP filled neurons in the trochlear nucleus after injection of the superior oblique muscle showed that axons entering the IVth nerve rootlet were exclusively ipsilateral trochlear fibres. Less than 50% regenerated; most other severed axons degenerated. The few axons remaining in the AMV may have been fibres, undamaged by the original lesion, which normally course longitudinally through the ipsilateral AMV. These results show that IVth nerve fibres preferentially enter IVth nerve rootlets and, in so doing, survive the effects of injury. Most other CNS axons in the AMV which do not enter the trochlear root probably degenerate. PMID- 6525513 TI - Evidence that striatal efferents relate to different dopamine receptors. AB - It was proposed that apomorphine and the ergot derivative pergolide induce rotation in 6-hydroxy-dopamine (6-OHDA)-denervated rats by different receptor mechanisms, since these dopamine agonists induce different patterns of rotational behaviour, have different dose-response curves and are differently inhibited by neuroleptics acting on D1 or D2 type receptors. The synaptic continuation of the striatonigral pathway was interrupted in unilaterally 6-OHDA-lesioned rats by adding a kainic acid lesion to the 6-OHDA-lesioned nigra. This lesion affected apomorphine and pergolide rotation differently. After an initial short peak of contralateral rotation, apomorphine induced ipsilateral rotation that increased with dose, although a final contralateral peak was always maintained. The only change in pergolide rotation was a shift of the dose-response curve to the right. In another group of animals, the continuation of the striatonigral pathway was lesioned by unilateral kainic acid injections without previous 6-OHDA-lesions of the dopamine system. In these animals apomorphine but not pergolide induced rotational behaviour. In contrast, both drugs induced rotation in animals where all striatal efferents were lesioned unilaterally by kainic acid injections into one striatum. The results suggest that the apomorphine rotation is mainly dependent upon striatonigral pathways while the pergolide rotation is dependent upon other striatal efferent pathways. PMID- 6525514 TI - Selective innervation of the goldfish suprachiasmatic nucleus by ventral retinal ganglion cell axons. AB - The contribution of central, peripheral, dorsal, ventral, nasal and temporal retinal ganglion cells to the innervation of the suprachiasmatic nucleus of goldfish was examined with cobaltous-lysine. The nucleus is innervated by axons from central, peripheral, temporal and nasal retina. However, this innervation originates only from ventral retinal ganglion cell axons. The retinal origin of the innervation may be related to being in an aquatic environment. PMID- 6525516 TI - Critical period for the marked loss of retinal X-cells following visual cortex damage in cats. AB - Visual cortex damage in newborn kittens produces a 78% loss of retinal X-cells whereas damage in adult cats produces only a 22% loss. Retinal Y- and W-cells are unaffected. The present experiment showed that the critical period for the severe loss of retinal X-cells ends between birth and 2 weeks of age. These results have implications for understanding the neural mechanisms of recovery from early visual cortex damage. PMID- 6525515 TI - Differentiation of the neural pathways mediating cortically induced and dopaminergic activation of the central pattern generator (CPG) for rhythmical jaw movements in the anesthetized guinea pig. AB - The central pattern generator (CPG) for rhythmical jaw movements (RJMs) was activated, in the anesthetized guinea pig, by systemic injection of a specific dopamine agonist, apomorphine (APO). It was shown that APO induced RJMs required an intact superior colliculus, and were blocked by low doses (0.05-1.0 mg/kg) of haloperidol (HAL), a dopamine antagonist. This is in contrast to the neural pathways mediating RJMs evoked by repetitive electrical stimulation of the masticatory cortex which remained effective following both lesions of the superior colliculus and administration of HAL. These results suggest that there are at least two anatomically separate and pharmacologically distinct command centers for activation of the CPG for RJMs in the guinea pig. PMID- 6525517 TI - Is there an endogenous bungarotoxin-like molecule in the vertebrate central nervous system? AB - It has been postulated that there is an endogenous bungarotoxin-like ligand in rat brain which can inhibit the binding of alpha-bungarotoxin (alpha-BGT) to its target nicotinic acetylcholine (ACh) receptor. We have examined this further by testing the ability of rat and chick brain and spinal cord extracts to inhibit the binding of alpha-BGT to ACh receptors in cultured chick and rat myotubes. We find no evidence for inhibition by any of these extracts, and thus cannot support the hypothesis of an endogenous alpha-BGT-like ligand. PMID- 6525518 TI - Body region shocked need not critically define the neurochemical basis of stress analgesia. AB - Both opioid and non-opioid forms of stress-induced analgesia have been demonstrated in rats, although the conditions leading to their selective activation are still being investigated. We have shown that variations in shock intensity, duration or temporal pattern can determine whether opioid or non opioid stress analgesia occurs. Others have suggested that body region shocked is the critical determinant, analgesia from front paw shock being opioid and that from hind paw shock non-opioid. We now report that either opioid or non-opioid stress analgesia can be evoked from either front or hind paws depending only on footshock intensity when duration and temporal pattern are held constant. PMID- 6525519 TI - Subconvulsive dose of strychnine enhances the transneuronal effect of peripheral sensory nerve transection. AB - The effect of transection of the inferior alveolar nerve on the trigeminal subnucleus caudalis neuron was examined under the influence of systemic strychnine in the rat. Chronic intoxication with a subconvulsive dose of strychnine induced electron dense degeneration of somata and dendrites at 30 days following transection in the area of subnucleus caudalis which received primary projection from the transected nerve. Removal of the postsynaptic inhibition appears to enhance the transneuronal effect of peripheral nerve injury. PMID- 6525520 TI - Adrenaline concentration and turnover in the arcuate nucleus and median eminence during the critical period in the rat. AB - Previous work has shown a relatively high turnover of adrenaline in the mediobasal hypothalamus during the critical period (15.00-17.00 h) of the proestrous rat. We now report that this high level of adrenergic activity can be detected in the median eminence (turnover rate 1.62 +/- 0.36 pg/micrograms protein/h) rather than the arcuate nucleus (turnover rate 0.18 +/- 0.32 pg/micrograms protein/h). In addition the median eminence was isolated as medial and lateral components and determination of catecholamine concentrations revealed a greater proportion of adrenaline (A) (59%) in the lateral median eminence whereas a larger proportion of dopamine (60%) was found in medial median eminence. PMID- 6525521 TI - Saralasin increases activity of hippocampal neurons inhibited by angiotensin II. AB - Angiotensin II (AII) has previously been shown to specifically excite neurons in several areas of the rat brain including the hippocampus. Using a brain slice preparation for extra- and intracellular recording, we have found a small proportion of hippocampal neurons which were inhibited by AII. By applying saralasin to those pyramidal cells which are inhibited by AII, we have tested for excitatory effects of saralasin. The results showed that saralasin antagonizes AII whether its effects are inhibitory or excitatory. Saralasin alone generally decreases spontaneous activity and the results indicate that this effect may be due to an inhibition of endogenous brain angiotensin II. PMID- 6525522 TI - Primary afferent projections of the octavus nerve to the inferior reticular formation and adjacent nuclei in the elasmobranch, Rhinobatos sp. AB - Projections of primary afferent fibers from the octavus nerve to the inferior reticular formation were determined by nerve degeneration and HRP labeling. Descending afferents from the horizontal ampullary nerve exit the ventral border of the nucleus octavus descendens via arcuate fiber tracts, and project to a group of neurons adjacent to the spinal lemniscus; to the inferior reticular formation; and to the nucleus funiculi lateralis. The possible influence of these afferent projections on directed swimming motion is discussed. PMID- 6525523 TI - Caudal cuneate nucleus projection to the direct thalamic relay to motor cortex in cat: an electrophysiological and anatomical study. AB - The input to the border region between the ventrolateral nucleus (VL) and ventroposterolateral nucleus (VPL) of the thalamus, VL-VPL, was studied in cats using a combined electrophysiological and anatomical technique. Neurons within this border region receive somatic afferent input and project to a region of the motor cortex having similar receptive fields. In this study we asked the question whether neurons in the VL-VPL border receive input from the dorsal column nuclei (DCN). To answer this question we delivered intra-cortical microstimulation (ICMS) to the motor cortex while a second electrode inserted into the VL-VPL border, filled with a 20% solution of HRP dissolved in KCl, was used to record antidromically activated neurons. When an antidromically activated neuron was encountered and the neuron responded to natural peripheral stimulation, HRP was iontophoretically injected through the recording electrode. After a 48-72 h survival time, cats were sacrificed, and the brain tissue processed according to the method of Hardy and Heimer. Labeled cell bodies were found in the caudal cuneate nucleus (CCN) in all injected animals. These results suggested that neurons in CCN project to cells in VL-VPL which in turn project to the motor cortex. PMID- 6525524 TI - Failure to produce a non-opioid foot shock-induced antinociception in rats. AB - Brief continuous foot shock reportedly produces a naloxone-insensitive and thus non-opioid form of antinociception. In the present study, current intensity and duration of foot shock were varied: lower current intensities (0.5 or 1 mA) failed to produce a significant increase in tail flick (TF) latency, while current intensities of 3 mA and 6 mA applied for 2 or 3 min produced significant and long-lasting inhibition of the nociceptive TF reflex. Naloxone pretreatment attenuated significantly the antinociception developed at 3 mA but failed to affect that produced at 6 mA. It was noted, however, that higher current intensities damage the tail and the antinociceptive efficacy of footshock was reevaluated under conditions when the tail of the animal was not allowed to contact the electrified grid during foot shock. A significant short-lasting antinociception was produced only at the 6 mA current intensity. This antinociception could be attenuated by naloxone pretreatment, developed tolerance over time (8 days) and exhibited cross-tolerance with morphine, thus characterizing it as opioid in nature. These results raise the question to what extent damage to the tail contributes to the non-opioid foot shock-induced antinociception assessed using the nociceptive TF reflex. PMID- 6525525 TI - The mesencephalic locomotor region (MLR) in the rat. AB - These studies demonstrate the presence of the MLR in the rat brain. Controlled locomotion on a treadmill could be induced by low level stimulation (less than 50 microA) of an area in the posterior midbrain following a precollicular-prenigral brainstem transection. This area included the lateral part of the cuneiform nucleus and anterior as well as posterior portions of the pedunculopontine nucleus. In addition, the presence of a subthalamic locomotor region in the fields of Forel was determined in rats after prethalamic transections. PMID- 6525526 TI - Opiate ([3H]-naloxone) binding to hypothalamic and cerebral cortical slices of mouse brain. AB - We have characterized the binding of [3H]-naloxone to thick (400 microns) slices of hypothalamus and cerebral cortex from mouse brain. Binding is reversible, saturable, stereospecific, thermolabile, readily displaceable by opiates and sensitive to phenoxybenzamine and phentolamine. Values for KD and Bmax are very close to published figures obtained in brain homogenates. Metabolic inhibitors (ouabain and azide) have no effect on specific binding. The assay is rapid, simple and involves minimal tissue preparation. PMID- 6525527 TI - The subnuclear organization of acetylcholinesterase-containing neurons in the interpeduncular nucleus of rats. AB - The interpeduncular nucleus (IPN) is a heterogeneous structure comprised of seven subnuclei which differ with regard to their cytoarchitecture, synaptology, connectivity, and content of neuropeptides and biogenic amines. In the present study, we used Butcher's pharmacohistochemical regimen to assess the subnuclear distribution and staining intensity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE)-containing neurons in the IPN. Although AChE-positive somata were present in every subnucleus, their staining intensity differed within and between the subnuclei. The most intensely stained somata were found in the apical and central subnuclei; however, they comprised only 10-25% of the total population of AChE-positive somata in these subnuclei. Heavily stained somata were observed in the apical, central, and lateral subnuclei; moderately stained somata in the central, lateral, intermediate, and rostral subnuclei; and lightly stained somata in the lateral, intermediate, rostral, dorsal lateral, and rostral lateral subnuclei. The present findings indicate that AChE-containing neurons are differentially distributed between subnuclei of the IPN. PMID- 6525528 TI - Lateral hypothalamic relations with medial hypothalamus and limbic areas in geese. AB - Spontaneous unit activity was recorded in the posteromedial hypothalamic (PMH) and preventricular magnocellular (PVM) nuclei, septal area (S) and hippocampal formation (Hp). Modifications of cellular firing induced by lateral hypothalamic area (LHA) stimulation were examined. Both thiopental anaesthetized and chronic non anaesthetized geese were used. Thiopental appeared to significantly decrease the spontaneous discharge frequency of PMH neurons, and to block both orthodromic and antidromic activations elicited by LHA stimulation. The results indicated that LHA has a predominantly inhibitory influence on PMH as well as on PVM and septal area. The study of antidromic evoked responses in the four areas investigated (PMH, PVM, S, Hp) demonstrated that these structures in turn exert a feed-back control onto LHA. These results are compared with previous electrophysiological, anatomical and behavioral feeding data and an attempt is made to establish some comparisons between birds and mammals. PMID- 6525529 TI - Effects of external chemical environment on the developing olfactory bulbs of the mouse (Mus musculus). AB - Female mice were reared in observation incubators from day 1 of life for three weeks. During that time they were continuously exposed to the odors of either cyclooctanone, adult male mouse urine or distilled water. The growth rate was temporarily accelerated for the cyclooctanone-exposed mice. There was no difference in age at sexual maturation of the three groups. Olfactory preference, when adult, was not affected by early odor exposure, but sniffing behaviour was markedly increased in the urine-exposed mice as compared with the other two groups. The olfactory bulbs of the cyclooctanone-reared mice were larger than those of the other two groups. Mitral cells in the olfactory bulbs were examined histologically for abnormalities. All mice had some shrunken, darkly staining mitral cells, but the cyclooctanone-reared mice had twice as many as the other two groups, mainly in the dorsal half of the bulb. The urine-exposed mice also had more darkly staining cells than the control mice particularly in the dorsolateral region of the bulb, but also in the dorsomedial region. PMID- 6525530 TI - Vagal and gastric connections to the central nervous system determined by the transport of horseradish peroxidase. AB - Horseradish peroxidase (HRP, Sigma Type VI) crystals were encased in a parafilm envelope and applied to the transected central ends of the left and right cervical vagus nerves and the anterior and posterior esophageal vagus nerves of adult male hooded rats. Injections of 30% HRP were made into the muscle wall of the fundus and antrum regions of the stomach. After 48 hr survival time, animals were perfused intracardially with a phosphate buffer plus sucrose wash followed by glutaraldehyde and paraformaldehyde fixative. The brain stem, spinal cord and corresponding dorsal root ganglia, superior cervical sympathetic ganglion, and the nodose ganglion were removed and cut into 50 micron sections. All tissue was processed with tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) for the blue reaction according to Mesulum and counterstained with neutral red. Sequential sections were examined under a microscope. Labeled neurons and nerve terminals were identified using bright and dark field condensers and polarized light. In tissue from animals that had HRP applied to the cervical vagus nerves, retrogradely labeled neurons were identified ipsilaterally in the medulla located in the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (DMN) and the nucleus ambiguus (NA). Labeled cells extended from the DMN into the spinal cord in ventral-medial and laminae X regions C1 and C2 of cervical segments. Many neurons were labeled in the nodose ganglion. Anterogradely labeled terminals were observed throughout and adjacent to the solitary nucleus (NTS) dorsal to the DMN and intermixed among labeled neurons located in the DMN. In tissue from animals that had HRP applied to the esophageal vagus nerves, similar labeling was observed. However, fewer neurons were identified in the NA, the nodose ganglion, and only in laminae X of the cervical spinal cord segments C1 and C2. Also, very little terminal labeling was observed in and adjacent to the NTS. Labeled neurons in tissue from animals that had HRP injected into the stomach wall were observed bilaterally in the DMN, nodose ganglion, and only in laminae X at the C1 and C2 levels of the spinal cord. Labeled neurons also were observed in the dorsal root ganglia of the thoracic cord. These data indicate that cervical cord and NA neurons are important in the supradiaphragmatic motor innervation by the vagus. Also, many afferents to the NTS originate above the diaphragm. In addition, some afferents from the stomach enter the central nervous system via the thoracic spinal cord. PMID- 6525531 TI - Chronic infusion of norepinephrine and clonidine into the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus. AB - Previous experiments have shown that acute injection of NE and CLON into the PVN initiates a short-term feeding response in satiated rats. This study examined, in brain-cannulated rats, the impact of remote, chronic injections of NE, CLON, or saline on daily food intake and body weight gain. Over a period of 14 days, NE was infused into the PVN, either continuously at a rate of 12 nm/microliter/hr, or discretely at a rate of 6 nm/microliter/sec. In addition, the alpha 2 adrenergic agonist CLON was infused into the PVN discretely at a rate of 3 nm/0.5 microliter/30 sec. Relative to saline infusion, chronic (continuous or discrete) stimulation of the PVN with either of these drugs was effective in potentiating daily food intake by 12-19% and in increasing body weight gain, from approximately 1.5 g/day to 3.3 g/day. This evidence indicates that medial hypothalamic NE, especially within the PVN, is sufficiently robust to alter long term feeding patterns and body weight regulation. PMID- 6525532 TI - Computer based instruments for laboratory environments. AB - The personal computer is viewed as an all-purpose laboratory instrument and work station. Popular architectures are examined with regard to advantages and limitations, and applications discussed in terms of "stand alone" environments, situations requiring passive interfaces, and those employing intelligent configurations. A new hardware/software architecture is presented which is highly modular, and which supports rapid instrumental reconfiguration, high throughput (information capacity), and ease of use. PMID- 6525534 TI - Serum lipid peroxide levels of patients suffering from thermal injury. AB - Lipid peroxide levels and activities of various enzymes were examined in sera from five thermally injured patients. In all patients examined, serum lipid peroxide levels were increased in the early post-burn period, and thereafter activities of glutamate oxalacetate transaminase, glutamate pyruvate transaminase, alkaline phosphatase and lactate dehydrogenase in the sera became elevated in most patients. From these observations, it is considered that increased lipid peroxides in the bloodstream during the early post-burn period would cause damage to various organs, permitting the leakage of the enzymes into the blood. These results support the view that lipid peroxide may be regarded as a 'burn toxin'. PMID- 6525533 TI - Anticoagulation therapy for renal insufficiency after burns. AB - The changes in blood coagulation, fibrinolysis and kidney function and the effect of anticoagulation therapy using herapin were investigated in rabbits with full thickness skin loss burns covering 35 per cent of the total body surface area. Determinations of various kidney function tests, blood coagulation and fibrinolysis tests, blood viscosity and haematocrit values were made before burning and after 8 and 24h. Thirty rabbits were divided into a non-therapy group, an intravenous infusion group, a heparin group, an antithrombin III group and an antithrombin III plus heparin group and the results were compared. Oliguria and a disturbance of kidney function were noted 8 h after the burn in the non-therapy group. In the intravenous infusion group urine volume was well maintained although the early stage of non-oliguric renal insufficiency was noted. The changes noted in the intravenous infusion group were prevented almost completely in the heparin group but FENa and CH2O were elevated at 24h probably because antithrombin III activity was markedly depressed. In the antithrombin III group and the antithrombin III plus heparin group, however, creatinine clearance (Clcr) was moderately elevated while FENa and CH2O remained unchanged as compared with the values before the burn. The antithrombin III plus heparin group showed slightly better results than the antithrombin III group in Ucr/Pcr ratio, Clcr and CH2O. The results of the present study indicate that it is extremely effective to initiate appropriate fluid therapy immediately after a burn and to administer antithrombin III concentrate in combination with or without heparin for the prevention of acute renal insufficiency in patients with a severe burn. PMID- 6525535 TI - An analysis into childhood burns. AB - A retrospective study was conducted into all the children admitted to a regional burns unit over a 6-year period. The whole childhood age group (up to 16 years of age) was examined epidemiologically. The study highlighted differences in the injuries and their acquisition, between the older children (10-16 years of age) and the younger children (up to 10 years of age). The study included data on the social background of the families, and points to the shortcomings of such retrospective material. Aspects of the epidemiology illustrated in the study are discussed with a view to their influence on programmes aimed at the prevention of such injuries to children. PMID- 6525536 TI - Serious burns sustained from wearing saris. AB - Two cases are reported in which patients have received burns following the accidental ignition of saris. This paper stresses the danger of these garments in the presence of a naked flame. PMID- 6525537 TI - 'Therapeutic' burns (Maqua). AB - Cauterization of the skin by a red-hot iron, a pinch of hot cinder or a burning coal, is a form of 'treatment' used by lay healers in some parts of Africa and the Middle East. The burns are limited to small circular areas, and are usually full-thickness skin loss. Most frequently, the patients do not seek medical treatment and the burns heal by secondary intention. Sometimes, however, disastrous complications such as infectious osteomyelitis, septicaemia and death may occur. PMID- 6525538 TI - Survival from acute renal failure after severe burns. AB - We describe a patient with 50 per cent, third degree flame burns who had a history of paint thinner inhalation for over 10 years. Moreover, chlorpromazine had been administered for the treatment of insomnia caused by chronic thinner intoxication. He developed oliguric acute renal failure soon after the burn injury, although adequate resuscitation therapy was given, and survived following frequent haemodialysis. Although survival from acute renal failure after severe burns is rare, once the diagnosis of acute renal failure has been made, haemodialysis should be instituted as early as possible. Furthermore, in a severely burnt patient with episodes of chronic and acute intoxication from organic chemicals or drugs which may have caused renal damage, acute renal failure may occur, so that careful observation is advised. PMID- 6525539 TI - The diagnosis and treatment of infection in the burn patient. PMID- 6525540 TI - [Anesthesia in children with myopathies]. PMID- 6525541 TI - [Prevention of pulmonary collapse during bronchography under general anesthesia in children]. AB - The inhalation of halothane with oxygen and air facilitates bronchography without pulmonary collapse or alveolar obstruction by contrast medium. This anaesthetic technic used in 15 paediatric investigations is more secure under transcutaneous PO2 and PCO2 monitoring. PMID- 6525542 TI - [Fibroscopy of the airways in children]. PMID- 6525543 TI - [Anesthesia induction in pediatrics]. PMID- 6525544 TI - [Premedication by rectal route. Comparative study of 3 dosages of flunitrazepam]. PMID- 6525545 TI - [Ketamine via rectal route for the induction of pediatric anesthesia]. AB - Three groups of children: 6 months to 3 years old with congenital heart disease, and 4 to 12 years old, and mentally retarded 14 to 18 years old affected by pneumopathia received 10 mg kg-1 ketamine by rectal administration. Induction was smooth and well tolerated. From onset of effects with nystagmus to full action 9 to 25 minutes elapsed. PMID- 6525546 TI - [Sedation for tomodensitometric examination in children]. PMID- 6525547 TI - [Malignant hyperthermia]. PMID- 6525548 TI - [Severe water-electrolyte disorders in pyloric stenosis in infants]. PMID- 6525549 TI - [The experience of anesthesia in children]. PMID- 6525550 TI - [Primary-purpose peridural analgesia in labor induction]. AB - 21 parturients, showing in most of cases either high blood pressure badly controlled or a "real" out of date term, have undergone a peridural analgesia of first intention in labour induction. All these patients were considered to be uninducable according to Bishop score. After an injection of adrenalinized bupivacaine, either 0.25% or 0.375% rupture depending on state of cervix of membranes occurred in most cases 6 hours after peridural analgesia. The mean between onset of analgesia and delivery was 17 h and the mean time between induction with ocytocin to birth 5 h 37 min. 16 parturients gave birth per vaginam, 9 of which spontaneously 5 have undergone caesarian section because of a non lack of dilatation or foetal distress. Children at birth, at the 2nd and the 24th hour were all healthy. PMID- 6525551 TI - [A difficult spinal anesthesia]. PMID- 6525553 TI - [Certificate of special studies in anesthesia-resuscitation. Study of university re-entry 1983-84]. PMID- 6525552 TI - [Risk of transportation of patients with major surgery]. PMID- 6525554 TI - [Anesthesia for surgery of lumbar herniated disk: the knee-chest position with buttock support]. PMID- 6525555 TI - [Anesthesia and pediatric cardiac surgery in children weighing less than 10 kg]. PMID- 6525557 TI - [Postoperative epidural analgesia in children]. PMID- 6525556 TI - [Peridural analgesia with 0.375 percent bupivacaine in labor with dystocia]. AB - For dystoctic deliveries peridural analgesia with bupivacaine 0.25% was compared with bupivacaine 0.375%, without adrenalin. Shortening of the delivery time in cases of stagnation of dilatation, was obtained with bupivacaine 0.375%: 181 mn in the average instead of 276 mn with bupivacaine 0.25% (p = 0.05). In the case of a cervical spasm, there was release of the contraction with return of a normal dilatation leading to a shorter labour: 188 mn in the average against 340 mn (p = 0.02) with the 0.25% solution. Apgar scores were similar in both series. PMID- 6525558 TI - [Vascular perforation caused by central venous catheter]. PMID- 6525559 TI - [Spontaneous rupture of the esophagus]. PMID- 6525561 TI - [Obstetrical anesthesia seen from the medicolegal viewpoint]. PMID- 6525560 TI - [Factor VII deficiency. Preparation for surgical intervention]. PMID- 6525562 TI - Free-flow electrophoresis of the low-density structures that contain asialoglycoproteins in the rat liver. AB - Rats were given an intravenous dose (1-2 micrograms/100 g) of iodine-labelled asialotransferrin, asialofetuin, or asialoorosomucoid either alone or in combinations, and the distribution of the radioactivity in the liver, removed 10 20 min after the injection, was analyzed by free-flow electrophoresis in an Elphor VaP 11 apparatus. Liver homogenates were prepared for electrophoresis according to an elaborate ultracentrifugation scheme that is outlined in detail with respect to conditions and yields. The scheme involved differential centrifugation, followed by density gradient centrifugation in a linear sucrose gradient and gel filtration using Sepharose 2B. Two ligand-containing fractions were obtained during differential centrifugation, each associated with a different complement of subcellular marker enzymes. On free-flow electrophoresis, the ligand present in either fraction exhibited a major and a minor peak. They were incompletely separated, the minor peak shouldering on the major one. The major peak had a higher electrophoretic mobility than the peaks of the acid phosphatase and phosphodiesterase I activities, but it had the same mobility as the sialyltransferase activity. The minor, less electronegative peak comigrated with the peaks of acid phosphatase and phosphodiesterase I activities and also with the major protein component of the subcellular fraction. It is concluded that the asialoglycoprotein-transporting subcellular vesicles are heterogeneous in regard to charge and that their complete separation from subcellular marker enzymes cannot be accomplished by free-flow electrophoresis. PMID- 6525563 TI - Surface layer virulence A-proteins from Aeromonas salmonicida strains. AB - Superficial surface layer proteins (A-proteins) were present on diverse isolates of Aeromonas salmonicida which differed both physiologically and in pathogenesis. Three of these proteins were purified directly from the surface of whole cells or from outer membrane preparations. These A-proteins were unusually hydrophobic (45 47%) and of similar but not identical molecular mass (49, 50, and 51 kdaltons). They were nearly identical in amino acid composition and were highly conserved, but not identical with respect to their hydrophobic N-terminal amino acid sequences. These proteins differed, however, with respect to their oligomerization properties, isoelectric forms, and chymotryptic peptide patterns. All three proteins were immunologically closely related and shared surface exposed immunoreactive peptides with 28 separate isolates. PMID- 6525564 TI - Structural study on liver gelactin. AB - Electron microscopy, ultracentrifugation, gel filtration, and isoelectric focusing were carried out with gelactin, an actin-gelling protein from rabbit liver. Gelactin is a dimeric acidic protein (isoelectric point (pI) = 5.45), with a molecular weight of 190 000, a Svedberg constant of 6.25, and a Stoke's radius and length of 7.0 and 28 nm, respectively. While different from alpha-actinin by pI and amino acid composition, gelactin belongs by its dimensions to the class of alpha-actinins. PMID- 6525565 TI - An in vitro model to study lipolysis of rat hepatic very low density lipoprotein using cardiac lipoprotein lipase. AB - The purpose of this work was to design an in vitro model for studying the lipolysis of very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) under conditions that approximate those likely to exist in the rat circulation. We first measured the total lipase activity available in the circulation of normal fasted rats. Knowing the VLDL-triacylglycerol concentration and the circulating time of VLDL in rat serum, we calculated that incubating 80 mU of lipoprotein lipase activity per milligram of VLDL triacylglycerols at 37 degrees C, for 50 min, approximated the in vivo conditions of lipolysis in normal fasted rats. Under these conditions, different concentrations of albumin were tested. The degree of lipolysis gradually increased from 25 +/- 10% without albumin to 75 +/- 5% (mean +/- SD, n = 3) with 4% albumin. No further increase occurred above 4% albumin. The rate of triacylglycerol hydrolysis was faster with VLDL having a high triacylglycerol/protein ratio. However after 50-60 min of incubation, the extent of hydrolysis tended to become similar for all VLDL (75-90%). This suggests that the rate of VLDL hydrolysis differs from one particle to another (depending on the size), but the extent of hydrolysis ends up being approximately the same. Furthermore, addition of high density lipoprotein to the incubation medium did not affect the rate nor the extent of triacylglycerol hydrolysis. We conclude that a large proportion of VLDL triacylglycerols can be hydrolyzed in the normal fasted rat if there is no limitation in the capacity of fatty acid removal from the lipolysis site. The physiological significance of these results obtained in vitro is discussed. PMID- 6525566 TI - Fatty acyl chain structure, orientational order, and the lipid phase transition in Acholeplasma laidlawii B membranes. A review of recent 19F nuclear magnetic resonance studies. AB - The orientational order parameters of monofluoropalmitic acids biosynthetically incorporated into membranes of Acholeplasma laidlawii B in the presence of a large excess of a variety of structurally diverse fatty acids have been determined via 19F nuclear magnetic resonance (19F NMR) spectroscopy. It is demonstrated that these monofluoropalmitic acids are relatively nonperturbing membrane probes based upon physical (differential scanning calorimetry), biochemical (membrane lipid analysis), and biological (growth studies) criteria. 19F NMR is shown to convey the same qualitative and quantitative picture of membrane lipid order provided by 2H-NMR techniques and to be sensitive to the structural characteristics of the membrane fatty acyl chains, as well as to the lipid phase transition. Representatives of each naturally occurring class of fatty acyl chain structures, including straight-chain saturated, methyl-branched, monounsaturated, and alicyclic-ring-substituted fatty acids, were studied and the 19F-NMR order parameters were correlated with the lipid phase transitions (determined calorimetrically). The lipid phase transition was the prime determinant of overall orientational order regardless of fatty acid structure. Effects upon orientational order attributable to specific structural substituents were discernible, but were secondary to the effects of the lipid phase transition. In the gel state, relative overall order was directly proportional to the temperature of the particular lipid phase transition. Not only the overall order, but also the order profile across the membrane was sensitive to the presence of particular structural substituents. In particular, in the gel state specific fatty acyl structures demonstrated a characteristic disordering effect in the membrane order profile. These various observations can be merged to provide a unified picture of the manner in which fatty acyl chain chemistry modulates the physical state of membrane lipids. PMID- 6525567 TI - Effect of phase transitions on the interaction of peptides and proteins with phospholipids. AB - This review is not a comprehensive study of the broad area of lipid-protein interactions, but rather concentrates on the question of the effect of phase transitions on the interaction of peptides and proteins with phospholipids. Before considering the relative ability of peptides and proteins to incorporate into phospholipid bilayers in the gel or the liquid crystalline state, we briefly review the variety of effects of proteins on lipid phase transitions. It is essential to be cognizant of these effects when discussing how phase transitions affect protein incorporation. The effect of proteins on lipid order and motion above and below the phase transition is discussed and the current state of knowledge on this topic is briefly reviewed. In discussing the thermodynamics of lipid-protein association and the effect of phase transitions one must deal with systems at equilibrium, a state often difficult to achieve with high molecular weight aggregates. It is demonstrated that there are a variety of effects of phase transitions on protein incorporation. Some proteins incorporate more readily into liquid crystalline state lipid; others incorporate only in a narrow temperature region around the phase transition temperature, while still others interact with lipid over a broad range of temperatures while exhibiting some preference for interacting with gel state lipid. The molecular basis for preferential interaction with gel state lipid is suggested to be the ability of proteins to self-associate, probably at defect sites, below the phase transition temperature and thereby increase protein-protein interactions while maintaining protein-lipid and lipid-lipid interactions.+ PMID- 6525568 TI - The isolation of surface array proteins from bacteria. AB - The methods used for the isolation of regularly structured (RS) surface array proteins of a range of prokaryotes are described. Most RS proteins can be selectively solubilized from envelope preparations with low concentrations of urea or guanidine hydrochloride. Sodium dodecyl sulfate - polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis of the protein extracts shows that most RS arrays are composed of a single polypeptide that may contain carbohydrate. The molecular weight of the proteins varies from 41 000 to 200 000. Possible reasons for the presence of more than one polypeptide in RS protein preparations are discussed, as well as the evidence for proteolytic degradation of some RS proteins during isolation. Structural features of the RS proteins are described and the importance of protein conformation to assembly of the arrays is indicated. PMID- 6525569 TI - The functional architecture of band 3, the anion transport protein of the red cell membrane. AB - Band 3 is an abundant, intrinsic, transmembrane peptide of about 95 000 daltons that mediates anion exchanges across the red blood cell membrane. It is present in the membrane as a dimer with each monomer arranged so that it crosses the bilayer at least five times. Based on proteolytic dissection and the use of covalent probes to "mark" specific sites, it is proposed that the crossing strands form an assembly of alpha-helices, with hydrophobic residues exposed so they are closely associated with the fatty acid side chains of the phospholipids and with hydrophilic residues internalized to form an aqueous core through which transport occurs. Anions cannot freely diffuse through the transport pathway, but are constrained by a "gating" mechanism that requires an electroneutral one-for one exchange. The process involves the binding of the anions to specific transport sites followed by a local conformational change, such that the sites (with the bound anion) alternate between states that are topologically in and out, with kinetics consistent with a "ping-pong" mechanism. Large organic anions can bind to the transport sites resulting in competitive inhibition. Those such as 4,4'-diisothiocyano-2,2'-stilbene sulfonic acid that can react covalently have been used to mark the transport site in the primary structure of band 3. Sequence data will ultimately allow a much more detailed assessment of the functional architecture of band 3. PMID- 6525570 TI - Genetic relationships between subspecies of the tsetse fly Glossina morsitans inferred from variation in mitochondrial DNA sequences. AB - A 750 base pair segment of DNA from the tsetse fly Glossina morsitans morsitans was isolated by means of molecular cloning. It was shown by DNA hybridization to have substantial sequence homology with a defined region of the mitochondrial genomes of several Drosophila species. When used as a probe against DNA prepared from single tsetse flies, the cloned sequence revealed local restriction site variation between members of the G. morsitans subspecies complex. This feature was used to demonstrate maternal inheritance of the sequence in progeny of hybrid crosses and to assemble comparative restriction maps for a 3-kilobase segment of each mitochondrial genome. The data obtained from these exercises point to a higher genetic identity between G. m. morsitans and G. m. centralis than between either form and G. m. submorsitans. PMID- 6525571 TI - Are there female heterogametic strains of Chironomus tentans Fabricius? AB - Although male heterogamety is the generally accepted method of sex determination in Chironomus, female heterogamety has been reported for some strains of Chironomus tentans. Some new data, combined with a reassessment of the published data, indicate that the proposal of female heterogamety rests on inconclusive data, while male heterogamety provides an adequate explanation of sex determination in C. tentans. A cross which would unambiguously discriminate between male and female heterogamety in these strains is proposed, although it is considered unlikely that female heterogamety exists in this species. PMID- 6525572 TI - Weak male-determining genes and female heterogamety in Chironomus tentans. AB - Female heterogamety in the midge Chironomus tentans has been previously reported and attributed to a dominant female determiner. Published results are not consistent with the interpretation, and the female heterogamety, if any, can be better explained by a model involving a weakened male determiner. Suggestions are made for crosses between populations with different sex-determining mechanisms that would discriminate between models for the evolution of female heterogamety, and serve to determine whether indeed female development is the norm in the absence of any parental sex chromosomes. PMID- 6525573 TI - Genetics of Glossina morsitans morsitans (Diptera: Glossinidae). X. A mutant (sabr) having long scutellar apical bristles in females. AB - A line of Glossina morsitans morsitans Westwood was established in which females have scutellar apical bristles approximately three times as long as normal. In other respects the flies appear normal. The mutant allele, sabr, is recessive to the wild-type allele. The locus for sabr is located in linkage group III, 50 or more map units from the locus for malic dehydrogenase. Scutellar apical bristles in mutant flies are longer in flies emerging from puparia maintained at 30 degrees C than in flies emerging from puparia maintained at 25 degrees C. PMID- 6525574 TI - Triple chromosome pairing in an aneuploid bull spermatocyte. AB - A triple synaptonemal complex was observed between three midsized chromosomes in an aneuploid bull spermatocyte. Fifteen other spermatocytes examined from the same animal displayed normal chromosome complements and pairing. This is the second case reported of triple synapsis in a mammal and the first case in an apparently normal individual. PMID- 6525575 TI - Angle-closure glaucoma: relation between lens thickness, anterior chamber depth and age. AB - Ultrasonographic biometric measurements (axial length of the globe, lens thickness and anterior chamber depth) were taken in 89 eyes of patients with primary angle-closure glaucoma (ACG). Analysis of the mean values showed an apparently abnormal pattern of growth of the lens, its thickness increasing at an accelerated rate between the fourth and sixth decades, then not increasing for about a decade, and finally increasing again but at a slower pace. The anterior chamber depth, however, appeared to continue decreasing at a constant rate. This suggests that forward movement of the lens, probably secondary to loosening of the zonules, is also a factor in the shallowing of the anterior chamber. The frequency of acute attacks of ACG peaked twice, first in the presbyopic years, at ages 53 to 58, and then in the senile years, at ages 63 to 70; no attacks occurred during the decade in which the lens seemed not to be growing. PMID- 6525576 TI - The 10-diopter base-down fixation test for amblyopia: comparison of techniques. AB - Two techniques for performing the 10-diopter base-down fixation test were used in 44 patients, and the fixation-pattern responses were compared to determine whether they showed any significant differences. The two techniques elicited the same responses in most cases. A comparison of fixation pattern and visual acuity showed that for most of the patients with equal visual acuity or documented amblyopia an accurate diagnosis could be made with the 10-D base-down fixation test. However, for most of the patients with borderline amblyopia the test either overdiagnosed or underdiagnosed the visual status. PMID- 6525577 TI - Sodium hyaluronate in trabeculectomy: a retrospective study. AB - In this retrospective study the results of trabeculectomy in 21 patients with open-angle glaucoma and no previous eye surgery who were followed up for at least 1 year were analysed. In 10 patients sodium hyaluronate had been injected during the operation to cushion the anterior chamber; the other 11 patients served as controls. The two groups had been comparable preoperatively with respect to characteristics assessed postoperatively. The subjects in the sodium hyaluronate group had better visual acuity and less postoperative hypotony. Although the series was too small to statistically validate the following observations, these subjects had better visual fields, their intraocular pressure was easier to control, and they had fewer complications; in particular, none had collapse of the anterior chamber. PMID- 6525578 TI - Keratoconus and Leber's congenital amaurosis: a clinicopathological correlation. AB - A 42-year-old man with Leber's congenital amaurosis, cataracts and keratoconus died following abdominal surgery. Postmortem pathological examination of the globes disclosed cone-shaped corneas with unusual central subepithelial scars and a retinopathy consistent with retinitis pigmentosa. A review of the family history revealed two siblings with congenital blindness. PMID- 6525579 TI - Spurious sanguineous lacrimation. AB - Sanguineous lacrimation is an unusual clinical entity that may be caused by a wide spectrum of abnormalities. Disorders of the conjunctiva or of the blood clotting mechanism are the most common underlying problems. This paper describes a bizarre case in which a 16-year-old girl used food colouring to simulate blood in the tears. The appropriate steps in the investigation of a patient's complaint of bloody tears are reviewed. PMID- 6525580 TI - Cicatricial ectropion following blepharoplasty: treatment by tissue expansion. AB - We describe the first use of the tissue expansion principle in oculoplastic surgery. In a patient with cicatricial ectropion a specially designed tissue expander and reservoir were implanted into a subcutaneous pocket, then the reservoir was filled percutaneously with normal saline until the overlying skin was firm. Saline was injected into the reservoir weekly thereafter. Three weeks following placement the unit was removed; the cicatricial ectropion no longer existed. A week later the patient's ocular symptoms had resolved. The potential for tissue expansion in oculoplastic surgery is exciting. PMID- 6525581 TI - Malignant transformation of an optic nerve melanocytoma. AB - A 47-year-old woman who had had a flat, hyperpigmented lesion of the optic disc and juxtapapillary choroid for at least 17 years experienced acute visual loss. This was caused by rapid growth of a pigmented tumour emanating from the original lesion. Histopathological examination of the enucleated globe revealed a large malignant melanoma originating from a melanocytoma (magnocellular nevus) within the optic nerve and peripapillary choroid. This case represents a very rare instance of malignant transformation of a normally benign tumour. PMID- 6525582 TI - Metabolism of alpha-terpineol by Pseudomonas incognita. AB - Details of the metabolism of alpha-terpineol by Pseudomonas incognita are presented. Degradation of alpha-terpineol by this organism resulted in the formation of a number of acidic and neutral metabolites. Among the acidic metabolites, beta-isopropyl pimelic acid, 1-hydroxy-4-isopropenyl-cyclohexane-1 carboxylic acid, 8-hydroxycumic acid, oleuropeic acid, cumic acid, and p isopropenyl benzoic acid have been identified. Neutral metabolites identified were limonene, p-cymene-8-ol, 2-hydroxycineole, and uroterpenol. Cell-free extracts prepared from alpha-terpineol adapted cells were shown to convert alpha terpineol, p-cymene-8-ol, and limonene to oleuropeic acid, 8-hydroxycumic acid, and perillic acid, respectively, in the presence of NADH. The same cell-free extract contained NAD+ -specific dehydrogenase(s) which converted oleuropyl alcohol, p-cymene-7,8-diol, and perillyl alcohol to their corresponding 7-carboxy acids. On the basis of various metabolites isolated from the culture medium, together with the supporting evidence obtained from enzymatic and growth studies, it appears that P. incognita degrades alpha-terpineol by at least three different routes. While one of the pathways seems to operate via oleuropeic acid, a second may be initiated through the aromatization of alpha-terpineol. The third pathway may involve the formation of limonene from alpha-terpineol and its further metabolism. PMID- 6525583 TI - Lateral flagellum of Vibrio fluvialis: a species-specific antigen. AB - Antiserum against lateral flagella (L flagella) of Vibrio fluvialis AQ 0007 was prepared, and H agglutination tests of V. fluvialis strains were carried out with the antiserum. Thirty-seven strains isolated from human patients, marine products, or seawater were tested. All strains, except three which had lost the ability to form L flagella, agglutinated with that antiserum. The antiserum did not agglutinate other vibrio species having L flagella, whereas antisera against L flagella of other vibrios did not agglutinate V. fluvialis. These results suggest that the L flagellar antigen of V. fluvialis is common and specific to the species, and is a useful tool for serological identification of the organism. PMID- 6525584 TI - The effect of a media campaign on heart attack delay and decision times. PMID- 6525585 TI - Optimal frequency of examinations aimed at detecting pre-symptomatic disease. PMID- 6525586 TI - Breast self-examination: a call for scientific answers. PMID- 6525587 TI - Community-based mortality surveillance: the Maniwaki experience investigation of excess mortality in a community. PMID- 6525588 TI - Evaluation of the effect of frequency of inspection on the sanitary conditions of eating establishments. PMID- 6525589 TI - Infant feeding practices: pre- and postnatal factors affecting choice of method and the duration of breastfeeding. PMID- 6525591 TI - Completeness of routine reporting of school-related injuries to children. PMID- 6525590 TI - An early intervention program for native Indian infants and their families. PMID- 6525592 TI - Coordinated community health services for the elderly. PMID- 6525593 TI - Combination cytotoxic chemotherapy with procarbazine, vincristine, and lomustine (POC) in disseminated malignant melanoma: 8 years' follow-up. AB - Forty-four consecutive ambulatory patients (24 male, 20 female; median age, 56 years [range, 21-76]) with evaluable disseminated malignant melanoma (stages III/IV) were entered in this study from October 1, 1975, to July 21, 1980 (last follow-up, October 31, 1983); they were treated with procarbazine (100 mg/,m2 orally; maximum dose, 150 mg) on Days 1-10, vincristine (1.4 mg/m2 iv; maximum dose, 2 mg) on Days 1 and 8, and lomustine (150 mg/m2 orally; maximum dose, 200 mg) on Day 1, repeated every 4-6 weeks. Twenty-one patients (48%) showed objective responses; 11 of these (25%) were complete responses. Nine patients had received previous chemotherapy, but none were treated with the drugs used in this protocol. Responses were seen mainly in cutaneous and/or nodal sites and pulmonary metastases. The median duration of remission was 10 months and the median survival of responders was 21 months compared to 5 months for nonresponders. Four responding patients are still alive and in complete response for 70+, 83+, 94+, and 95+ months, while one is alive, but in progression (83+ months). The toxicity of this regimen was clinically tolerable and hospitalization was not required. In our initial study the response rate was 60% (18 responses among 30 patients) and this regimen continues to have significant antitumor activity against disseminated malignant melanoma. PMID- 6525594 TI - Anaphylactic reactions to diaziquone. AB - Diaziquone, an aziridinylbenzoquinone currently in phase II-III trials, is an alkylating agent, the major toxic effect of which is myelosuppression. We report here on six cases of hypersensitivity attributable to diaziquone. In five patients an acute reaction characterized by hypotension, bronchospasm, and urticaria was observed. In one patient a delayed urticarial rash was noted. Resolution was rapid in all patients but one, who responded to standard treatment over a period of hours. No reaction was fatal. Approximately 2000 patients have been treated with diaziquone in clinical trials sponsored by the National Cancer Institute. It is suggested that the reaction may not be to the drug itself but to the vehicle (dimethylacetamide) in which diaziquone is formulated. Studies to elucidate the relative contribution of drug and vehicle are warranted. PMID- 6525595 TI - Radiation-induced taste aversion as a factor in cancer therapy. PMID- 6525596 TI - Phase II trial of 5-FU administered Ip to patients with refractory ovarian cancer. AB - A phase II study of ip 5-FU was performed in 14 patients with ovarian cancer who were refractory to systemic chemotherapy including prior iv 5-FU in 12 of the patients. 5-FU was administered via a semipermanent Tenckhoff peritoneal dialysis catheter. The starting concentration of 5-FU in the dialysate was 4 mM. The patients received eight consecutive 2-L exchanges, each of 4-hour duration, for a total of 36 hours including time for instillation and drainage. Treatment courses were repeated every 2 weeks for six cycles or until disease progression occurred. A total of 69 cycles of ip 5-FU were administered to 14 patients. There was one complete response to therapy documented by second-look laparotomy. While the response rate was only 7%, in seven of eight (88%) patients with small volume disease (tumor masses less than 2.0 cm in diameter), there was no evidence for disease progression while receiving ip 5-FU therapy. In this phase II trial, the major toxic effect of ip 5-FU was abdominal pain. While there were no cases of documented bacterial peritonitis, all of the patients experienced some degree of abdominal discomfort while receiving therapy. Fifty percent of the patients had severe abdominal pain with at least one cycle of therapy. Other toxic effects included myelosuppression, mucositis, nausea and vomiting, and skin rash. The results of this study indicate that ip 5-FU should be further evaluated in patients with ovarian cancer who have a small volume of disease and who have not had prior therapy with 5-FU. PMID- 6525597 TI - Cyclophosphamide resistance developed in a human melanoma cell line. AB - The Mer- human melanoma cell line MM253c1 was treated four times with cyclophosphamide activated in situ with rat liver microsomes, the fourth cycle being preceded by treatment with the mutagenic methylating agent N-methyl-N1 nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine. The resulting subline (MM253c1-4CG) showed increased resistance to activated cyclophosphamide; the resistance of seven allogeneic human tumor lines and of a fibroblast strain spanned the two extremes represented by the autologous MM253c1 lines. MM253c1-4CG cells were highly resistant to killing by methylating agents, a property indicative of conversion to the Mer+ phenotype. Compared with the parent line, MM253c1-4CG cells were resistant to DNA cross-linking agents having different structures and transport mechanisms (melphalan, mechlorethamine, and mitomycin) and were slightly more resistant to doxorubicin, gamma rays, and hydroxyurea, but were not resistant to killing by acrolein, cytarabine, hydrogen peroxide, 254 nm UV, [3H]thymidine, or vincristine. No difference in the intracellular concentration of potential alkylation targets (RNA, protein, and SH groups) was found, and neither cell line appeared able to activate cyclophosphamide or detoxify its metabolites. Caffeine and 3-aminobenzamide had no synergistic effect upon cyclophosphamide toxicity in either cell line. 3-Aminobenzamide showed synergism with the methylating agent 5 (3-methyl-1-triazeno)imidazole-4-carboxamide, the effect being greater in MM253c1 4CG than in MM253c1 cells. These results suggest that in vitro activation of cyclophosphamide produces a metabolite similar in stability to phosphoramide mustard, resistance to such toxicity being associated not with conversion to the Mer+ phenotype but with some intracellular change with confers resistance to a variety of DNA cross-linking agents. PMID- 6525598 TI - Severe leukopenia induced by aminoglutethimide. PMID- 6525599 TI - Sequential methotrexate and 5-FU in breast cancer resistant to the conventional application of these drugs. AB - Methotrexate and 5-FU were given sequentially with a 7-hour interval to 43 evaluable patients with heavily pretreated metastatic breast cancer. Partial remissions were seen in 12 patients (28%), indicating efficacy of this regimen in patients resistant to the conventional simultaneous application of these drugs. PMID- 6525600 TI - Mitoxantrone and cyclophosphamide in patients with advanced breast cancer. AB - Twenty-eight patients with advanced breast cancer who had no prior chemotherapy received 14 mg/m2 of mitoxantrone iv on Day 1 and 600 mg/m2 of cyclophosphamide on Day 2, repeated every 4 weeks. Three patients (10%) achieved complete response and ten (36%) achieved partial response. The dose-limiting toxicity was leukopenia, and no septicemia occurred. Slightly greater than 50% of the patients had a wbc count nadir less than 2000/mm3. Based on the remarkably good tolerability, ie, mild nausea, rarely severe alopecia, and observed remission rate, this combination represents a positive addition to chemotherapy for advanced breast cancer. PMID- 6525601 TI - Phase II evaluation of mitoxantrone in patients with bronchogenic carcinoma: a Southeastern Cancer Study Group trial. PMID- 6525602 TI - Phase II study of PALA and PCNU in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (EST 2580): an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group study. PMID- 6525603 TI - Phase II study of mitomycin, methotrexate, and vincristine combination chemotherapy in advanced adenocarcinoma of the lung. PMID- 6525604 TI - Phase II trial of mitoguazone in patients with advanced head and neck cancer. PMID- 6525605 TI - Phase II trial of mitolactol in previously treated and untreated patients with advanced colorectal cancer: an Illinois Cancer Council trial. PMID- 6525606 TI - Phase II trial of spirogermanium in advanced renal cell carcinoma: a Cancer and Leukemia Group B study. PMID- 6525607 TI - Phase II trial of mitoxantrone in patients with primary liver cancer. PMID- 6525608 TI - Isolation and characterization of tracheobronchial mucin from a laryngectomee. AB - A tracheobronchial mucin was isolated from the tracheobronchial secretion of a laryngectomee. It was purified by gel filtration on Sepharose CL-6B in Tris-urea buffer and rechromatography of excluded materials through the same gel matrix. It was homogeneous in 0.7% agarose-2% polyacrylamide electrophoresis under nonreducing conditions. Comparable analysis with 2-mercaptoethanol revealed at least 3 subunits. Based upon recoverable weight, the mucin was composed of 75% carbohydrate, 21% protein, and 3% sulfate. Oligosaccharides obtained by alkaline beta-elimination indicated O-glycosyl linkage to the peptide component. Marked heterogeneity of the carbohydrate side-chains was reflected in the preparation of 20 distinct oligosaccharides ranging in size from 4 to 17 residues. PMID- 6525609 TI - Alternative preparation of methyl 3-amino-2,3,6-trideoxy-alpha-D-arabino hexopyranoside and chiral intermediates for the synthesis of thienamycin. PMID- 6525610 TI - Left ventricular function during asynchronous ventricular pacing: a radionuclide study. AB - This study was undertaken to assess ventricular volumes and function by radionuclide angiography during asynchronous ventricular pacing in a group of 22 patients who needed an artificial pacemaker. 14 had ischaemic heart disease and 8 had primary disturbances of conduction of the impulse-forming system. The transition from sinus to a paced rhythm or increasing the pacing rate had little effect on patients with primary conduction disturbances. In contrast, in patients with ischaemic heart disease, the transition to a paced rhythm decreased significantly left ventricular end-diastolic (15.3 +/- 4.7%) and stroke (26.3 +/- 4%) volumes, ejection fraction (9.0 +/- 4.4%), and cardiac output (21.0 +/- 3.9%). Pacing at a progressively increasing heart rate showed that each patient had an optimal rate of pacing. PMID- 6525611 TI - Hemodynamics in borderline hypertension: acute effect of furosemide. AB - In order to identify the hemodynamics of borderline essential hypertension, radionuclide angiography was performed before and after bolus injection of furosemide (40 mg i.v.) both at 3 min (i.e. before diuretic effect) and at 30 min (i.e. after diuretic effect) in 16 borderline (B) patients and in 14 age-matched WHO classification I-II essential hypertensives (H) patients. 14 age-matched normotensive (N) subjects were used as controls. B patients were further subdivided into two subgroups according to a cardiac index under or above 3 liter/min/m2 in basal conditions. Baseline hemodynamic characteristics showed higher values of mean arterial pressure (MAP) and systemic vascular resistance index (SVRI) in both H and B patients when compared with N subjects (p less than 0.001). Furthermore, B and H patients exhibited lower values of left ventricular peak filling rate (PFR) than seen in N subjects (p less than 0.01 and p less than 0.05, respectively). H patients demonstrated higher peak systolic blood pressure/endsystolic volume ratio (PSP/ESV) than seen in N subjects (p less than 0.05). PFR positively correlated with peak emptying rate (PER) only in N and B patients (p less than 0.05). After furosemide administration, even though differences were observed in the absolute values, B and H patients showed similar hemodynamic patterns. Only the B subgroup with cardiac index (CI) greater than 3 liter ('volume-dependent' patients) showed a decrease in left ventricular end diastolic volume index (LVEDVI) at 30 min associated with a lowering of stroke index (SI; p less than 0.005 for both), when compared with pre-drug values. In B patients with CI less than 3 liter ('afterload-dependent' patients) no differences were observed either at 3 min or at 30 min in comparison with values obtained prior to drug administration. Moreover, in this subgroup, like in H patients, there was a negative correlation (p less than 0.01) between 3-min percent change of SVRI and 3-min percent change of SI. Our data suggest that in 'borderline' hypertension: (a) there may be an increase in peripheral resistance, as in established hypertension, especially when age-matched groups are considered; (b) the earliest sign of compromised left ventricular function is the reduction in diastolic PFR but, unlike established hypertension, this index is still correlated with systolic function; (c) cardiac output might be even somewhat reduced and also negatively correlated with vascular resistance ('afterload-dependent' hearts); (d) furosemide (acute administration) might contribute to a better definition of hemodynamic behavior. PMID- 6525612 TI - Comparative evaluation of exercise ST response in healthy males and females. A computer study. AB - In order to evaluate both quantitatively and qualitatively exercise ST response in females, we have studied 232 healthy subjects (age range 35-59 years): 82 women (mean age 45.8 years) and 150 men (mean age 46.1 years). All subjects had performed a maximal treadmill exercise in 1976 and were followed up for 6 years in order to exclude the presence of subclinical coronary artery disease. Exercise ST segment responses were evaluated in a single bipolar lead (CB5) and were classified as 'positive' by visual interpretation when a 1.0-mm or greater 'ischemic' ST depression occurred. A computer system was employed to evaluate exercise ST changes quantitatively. The following ST parameters were evaluated: ST depression at R + 80 ms point (ST2); mean ST depression (STmean), and ST time voltage integral (STarea). Computer analysis of resting ECG has shown lower ST voltages in females than in males. ST2, STarea, and STmean changes from basal to maximal exercise values were not significantly different in men and women. A similar prevalence of 'positive' responses in males and females was also found by ECG visual interpretation. In conclusion, our data show that in healthy subjects exercise ST segment response is comparable in males and females and indirectly suggest that the lower predictive value of exercise ECG in women is likely to be related to different coronary artery disease prevalence. PMID- 6525613 TI - A study of the cholinolytic actions of strychnine using the technique of concentration jump relaxation analysis. AB - The blocking actions of strychnine on excitatory acetylcholine (ACh) responses in isolated, voltage clamped Aplysia neuronal cell bodies has been studied using a rapid drug application technique. Rapid microperfusion of strychnine (10-50 microM) produced a reduction of the steady-state ACh-induced inward current in Aplysia neurons which decayed exponentially with a highly dose-dependent time constant. At the cessation of strychnine perfusion the ACh-induced current recovered to its original value with an exponential time course which was not sensitive to the dose of strychnine previously applied. The calculated association (k1) and dissociation (k-1) constants for a pseudo-first-order reaction between strychnine and its binding site were k1 = 1.2 X 10(4) M-1. sec-1 and k-1 = 0.12 sec-1 (KD = 1 X 10(-5) M-1). These results demonstrate that concentration jump relaxation experiments can be performed on isolated neurons for the study of voltage-independent antagonists by the use of rapid microperfusion systems and provide the first direct estimates to date of the rate constants of the cholinolytic effect of strychnine. PMID- 6525614 TI - A freeze-fracture study of afferent and efferent synapses of hair cells in the sensory epithelium of the organ of Corti in the guinea pig. AB - Afferent and efferent synapses of hair cells in the organ of Corti of the guinea pig have been examined in freeze-fracture replicas. Afferent synapse. In the inner hair cells, intramembranous particles 10 nm in diameter are aggregated on the ridge on the P-face of the presynaptic membrane directly beneath the synaptic rod. In the outer hair cells, in which the synaptic rod is located in the presynaptic cytoplasm underneath the presynaptic membrane, small aggregations of intramembranous particles 10 nm in diameter can be found on the P-face of the presynaptic membrane corresponding to the site of the presynaptic dense projection. Intramembranous particles 10 nm in diameter are also densely aggregated on the P-face of the postsynaptic membrane of the outer hair cells. Efferent synapse of the outer hair cells. Large intramembranous particles 13 nm in diameter are distributed in clusters composed of four to ten particles on the P-face of the presynaptic membrane. In the P-face of the postsynaptic membrane, disc-like aggregations of intramembranous particles 9 nm in diameter are found. The subsynaptic cistern covers the cytoplasmic surface of the postsynaptic membrane of the efferent synapse; it may cover more than one postsynaptic membrane when several efferent synapses are in close proximity to one another. PMID- 6525615 TI - Fine structure of the lutein cell in the house musk shrew, Suncus murinus. AB - The ultrastructure of lutein cells during pregnancy and the post partum period was examined by transmission electron microscopy in the house musk shrew, Suncus murinus. Lutein cells on day 13 of pregnancy contained an extensive system of anastomosing tubules or cisternae of smooth ER and many enlarged mitochondria with numerous tubulovesicular cristae. From day 13 on, the number of small granules, possibly lysosomes, increased gradually. Between day 20 and 25, the loss of smooth ER began and elongated, or flattened mitochondria increased. Regressing lutein cells observed after parturition were characterized by abundant large dense bodies, bizarre mitochondria and a decrease in the amount of smooth ER. Unusual forms of mitochondria were always observed after day 5 of pregnancy. Two types could be distinguished; one, found frequently in the second third of pregnancy, was ring-, disc-, cup- or dumb-bell-shaped with tubulovesicular cristae, and the other, found exclusively in the last third of pregnancy and after parturition, was elongated, flattened and sometimes twisted. The paucity of lipid droplets was a characteristic feature of the lutein cells of this species. The significance of these ultrastructural changes of cellular organelles is discussed in relation to the ovarian and plasma levels of progesterone. PMID- 6525617 TI - Morphological studies of the goldfish hindgut mucosa in organ culture. AB - The morphology of the absorptive cells of the goldfish hindgut mucosa, and their capability for horseradish peroxidase (HRP) uptake, were investigated by electron microscopy after a 24-h organ culture. The columnar appearance and the fine structure of the absorptive cells were well preserved for 24 h at room temperature and 37 degrees C with 5% CO2 in air, in all the media used in this study. Mitoses were frequently observed in the epithelium at the bottom of cultured mucosal folds, and re-epitheliazation was also observed in many explants. Some structural changes were, however, noted in the cultured absorptive cells, as compared with the non-cultured absorptive cells; the deep invaginations of the surface membrane between the microvilli decreased in number; supranuclear giant vacuoles were reduced in size or almost disappeared; the distributional pattern of mitochondria in the absorptive cells was altered. The HRP uptake experiments showed that the absorptive cells cultured for 24 h could still take up HRP by endocytosis and transport it, indicating that the absorptive cells maintained their capability of macromolecule uptake and transport after 24 h of culture. In addition, HRP experiments, in which reaction product was detected within numerous cytoplasmic tubules (CT), various vacuoles and CT-vacuole complexes, suggested a close relationship between CT and vacuolar system in the apical cytoplasm during endocytotic events in the absorptive cells. PMID- 6525618 TI - Effects of ovariectomy and estradiol administration on the adrenal macrophage system of the rat. AB - Macrophages of the adrenal cortex were studied in normal male and female, ovariectomized and estradiol-injected rats. In normal male rats few macrophages with numerous granules were observed in the zona fasciculatazona reticularis border, and in the zona reticularis. Granules, identified as lysosomes, were limited by a single membrane with a heterogeneous matrix; they exhibited acid phosphatase- and aminotriazole-resistant peroxidatic activities. A larger number of macrophages had identical distributions in normal female rats. In ovariectomized and estradiol-injected rats the number and distribution of adrenal macrophages were similar to those in normal females; however, in spayed animals the number of these cells in the zona reticularis was higher than in the other experimental groups. Lysosomes in macrophages of treated animals were more numerous and their contents more complex than in normal male animals. These results indicate that the adrenal macrophage system is stimulated in experimental conditions involving high levels of circulating estrogens. PMID- 6525619 TI - Morphological studies of different mitochondrial populations in monkey myocardial cells. AB - The ultrastructure of mitochondria in monkey myocardial cells was investigated by scanning electron microscopy, thin sections and freeze-fracturing. Mitochondria with well-developed cristae were distributed around the nucleus, between the myofibrils and beneath the sarcolemma. Those clustered near the poles of the nucleus were generally spherical in shape. Interfibrillar mitochondria were arranged in longitudinal rows between the myofibrils, were elongated and usually about the same length as a sarcomere. Subsarcolemmal mitochondria varied in size and shape, being rod-like, spherical, polygonal or horseshoelike. There were usually two profiles of subsarcolemmal mitochondria in each section of sarcomere, although sometimes one or three occurred, and they were typically oriented perpendicularly to the myofibrils. These morphological differences among mitochondria could reflect functional and/or mechanical properties in the various cellular locations. PMID- 6525616 TI - Compartments and perivascular arrangement of the meninges covering the cerebral cortex of the rat. AB - The intercellular clefts of the brain and the leptomeninges, and the perivascular spaces were studied with reference to the results obtained in a previous study (Krisch et al. 1983). The spatial relationships of these compartments were analyzed at the electron-microscopic level. Horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was injected into the brain or into the contralateral ventricle. The pattern of distribution of HRP depends on the boundary situation in the individual compartments. The inner and outer pial layers accompany the vessels intruding into the brain. In the Virchow-Robin space the pial funnel obliterates within a short distance. The inner arachnoid layer is continuous with the outer arachnoid layer when it covers the vessels traversing the meningeal space. The perivascular compartment is not in communication with the arachnoid space; moreover, the pial funnel within the Virchow-Robin space is sealed off against the arachnoid space. Thus, blood vessels traversing the meningeal spaces and subsequently penetrating the brain surface are exposed to the common intercellular compartment represented by the intercellular clefts of the brain and the leptomeninges; this compartment does not communicate with the other compartments. The cerebrospinal fluid located in this intercellular compartment is preferentially drained into the upper cervical lymph nodes. PMID- 6525620 TI - Quantitation of pulmonary neuroepithelial bodies in pre- and postnatal rabbits. AB - The size, density and total number of neuroepithelial bodies (NEB) in the lungs of late fetal, neonatal, and mature rabbits were determined using fluorescence microscopy. In this study lungs from 27-, 29-, 30-, and 31-day fetuses; neonates of ages 2, 7, and 30 days; and 4- and 7(+)-month-old rabbits, were used. The total number of NEB in the entire lung of rabbits from each age group was estimated based on measurements of collapsed lung volume, average NEB diameter, and NEB density (number/mm2). Average NEB diameter increased between 27 and 29 days gestation, then remained constant at 42-44 micron between 29 days gestation and two days postpartum. Thereafter the diameter was significantly reduced in the 7-day group (33.7 micron) and further reduced in the 4-month group (20.3 micron). NEB density was initially high in 27-day fetuses (3.87/mm2), decreased significantly by 30 days gestation, increased to a high level by 2 days postpartum, then fell steadily, reaching the lowest level in the adult (0.15/mm2). This steady decrease in density was paralleled by a large increase in lung volume. The estimated total number of NEB in the lung was constant in all age groups except for a significant drop at 30 and 31 days gestation. These data indicate that the total number of NEB is maintained into adulthood; however, the density and average diameter of NEB decreases rapidly after 2 days postpartum. A sharp decrease in both total number and density observed under fluorescence microscopy at 30 and 31 days gestation suggests a change in NEB cellular activity just prior to birth. PMID- 6525621 TI - Association of gap junctions with endoplasmic reticulum in rat parotid glands. AB - Examination of the parotid gland of the rat has shown specific associations of cisterns of the endoplasmic reticulum with gap junctions. About 20% of the junctions are so intimately associated with cisterns of the endoplasmic reticulum that in freeze fractured material the cisternal membranes remain attached to the junctional membrane faces, obscuring most of the junctional array except for a thin ring of telltale particles. This association was seen only in the parotid gland of the rat, but not that of the other species examined. PMID- 6525622 TI - The effect of water acidification on prolactin cells and pars intermedia PAS positive cells in the teleost fish Oreochromis (formerly Sarotherodon) mossambicus and Carassius auratus. AB - Although exposure to acid water (pH 3.5) induces severe and prolonged reduction in plasma osmolarity and total plasma calcium concentration in tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) and goldfish (Carassius auratus), the responses of the hypophyseal cells are clearly different. In tilapia, the size of the rostral pars distalis of the pituitary gland is enlarged as a result of the increase in size and number of prolactin cells. The pars intermedia PAS-positive (PIPAS) cells are not noticeably changed. Conversely, in goldfish, prolactin cells are unaffected, whereas the number of enlarged PIPAS cells increases markedly. Stimulation of prolactin secretion may be responsible for the partial restoration of plasma osmolarity and calcium levels observed in tilapia after two weeks exposure to acid water. Prolactin cells apparently play a role in the adaptation to acid stress by counteracting osmoregulatory disturbances. Goldfish show no restoration of plasma osmolarity during the course of the experiment. Plasma calcium levels tend to increase. Although prolactin may have an osmoregulatory function in goldfish under steady state conditions, goldfish prolactin cells do not seem to participate in the physiological adaptation to environmental changes that disturb water and ion homeostasis. The function of PIPAS cells in tilapia remains unclear and is apparently unconnected with ion regulation. The observations on these cells in goldfish are consistent with the hypercalcemic activity suggested for them. PMID- 6525623 TI - Follicle growth in the ovary of the rabbit after ovulation-inducing application of human chorionic gonadotropin. AB - The growth of tertiary follicles, i.e., the proliferation of cells in the stratum granulosum and in the capillary network of the theca interna, after injection of ovulation-inducing human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG), was investigated in the rabbit by means of autoradiographic and morphometric methods. Based on the frequency distribution of follicles with different sizes and on the labeling index (LI) of granulosa cells as a function of follicle size and of time prior to and after HCG stimulation, two groups of tertiary follicles can be distinguished: growing (250-900 micron in diameter) and mature (greater than 900 micron in diameter) elements. The growth of both groups is influenced by the release of gonadotropins. After HCG stimulation, follicles belonging to the first group grow rapidly. During, and a short time after ovulation, almost all non-ruptured follicles larger than 600 micron in diameter become atretic. Within 35-50 h the ruptured and atretic mature follicles (greater than 900 micron in diameter) are replaced by follicles out of the group of growing follicles. From these results the following concept for regulation of follicle growth is derived: In principle, all growing follicles possess the potential to develop into mature follicles. When a sufficient number of mature follicles is generated, these mature follicles determine the number of succeeding growing follicles. Follicles that are not required for providing mature follicles become atretic as soon as they reach a diameter of 700 micron. When the majority of mature follicles is lost during ovulation (by rupture or atresia), this inhibition regulated by mature follicles is abolished, and all of the growing follicles again are capable to develop into mature follicles. The relative amount of capillaries in the theca interna of growing and mature follicles remains constant with increasing follicle size. This means that the capillary network grows parallel to the increasing size of follicles. No differences are found between intact and atretic follicles; advanced atretic follicles were excluded from this study. The labeling index (LI) of granulosa cells in the stratum granulosum and of endothelial cells in the theca interna, as a function of follicle size and of time after HCG stimulation, are closely correlated. A change in the LI of granulosa cells is usually followed with a certain delay by a similar alteration of the LI of endothelial cells in the theca interna. This suggests that granulosa cells have a certain regulatory function on capillary growth. PMID- 6525624 TI - Ultrastructural identification of catecholaminergic fibers in the goldfish pituitary. A high-resolution radioautographic study after in vitro 3H-dopamine administration. AB - The monoaminergic innervation of the goldfish pituitary gland was studied by means of light- and electron-microscopic radioautography after in vitro administration of 3H-dopamine. The tracer was specifically incorporated and retained by part of the type-B fibers innervating the different lobes of the pituitary. In the rostral pars distalis labeled fibers were most frequently observed in contact with the basement membrane separating the neurohypophysis and the adenohypophysis. In the proximal pars distalis and the pars intermedia, labeled profiles were detected in the neural tissue and in direct contact with the different types of secretory cells. According to the previous data concerning the uptake and retention of tritiated catecholamines in the central nervous system, it is assumed that the labeled fibers are mainly catecholaminergic (principally dopaminergic). This study provides morphological evidence for a neuroendocrine function of catecholamines in the goldfish. PMID- 6525625 TI - Flow cytometric analysis of mouse hepatocyte ploidy. I. Preparative and mathematical protocol. AB - Preparative and mathematical procedures are presented for the investigation of the ploidy pattern of liver cells. The DNA content of enzymatically-isolated liver cells and of nuclei was measured by flow cytometry. The true DNA content could not be measured directly due to super-position of statistical coincidences (demanding "first mode correction") and incomplete separation of the nuclei in binucleate hepatocytes (demanding "second mode correction"). The statistical coincidences (caused by simultaneous measurement of two or more particles or subsequent reaggregation of particles) were corrected by splitting the "unnatural" i.e., aneuploid DNA content, and classifying it with the normal ploidy classes. In addition, the higher normal ploidy classes were reduced by the proportion of the measured coincidences in favour of the lower ones. The second mode correction applied to nuclear distributions only. It is a probability calculation based on counting nuclear pairs on microscope slides, and resulted in a 10% increase of diploid nuclei and a larger standard deviation between the age groups. 8c and 16c values were reduced. The tetraploid values were unchanged. PMID- 6525628 TI - [Medicine and clinical pharmacy]. PMID- 6525626 TI - Flow cytometric analysis of mouse hepatocyte ploidy. II. The development of polyploidy pattern in four mice strains with different life spans. AB - The development of liver ploidy in mice aged up to 24 months was investigated by flow cytometry in four mouse strains. A mathematical procedure was applied for correction of flow cytometry histograms. In two of the mouse strains, C3H and DBA, both cellular and nuclear ploidy proceed in the same way. The octoploid cell with two tetraploid nuclei is the most numerous cell type in adulthood. On the other hand, strain NZB and the out-bred strain NMRI show at the corresponding age a higher proportion of diploid cells with strikingly low proportions of 4c cells. In addition, high values of 16c cells and nuclei are present in NMRI. In all strains the proportion of binucleate hepatocytes is in the same range (60%). However, the strains differ in ploidy classes of binucleate cells. Development of liver polyploidization does not depend on life span of the specific strain. PMID- 6525627 TI - Effects of tunicamycin on thin-section and freeze-fracture images of microvilli of the duodenal epithelial cells of the mouse. AB - The effect of tunicamycin, which is known to inhibit the synthesis of N-linked glycoprotein, on the duodenal absorptive epithelial cell of the mouse was studied in thin-section as well as freeze-fracture images. In tunicamycin-treated animals, the apical part of the epithelial cell was almost negative to the PAS reaction. Moreover, microvilli of the epithelial cell became shorter, larger in diameter, and fewer in number in tunicamycin-treated mice. In addition, freeze fracture images revealed that the population density of membrane particles of the microvillus membrane was lowered by tunicamycin treatment. These results may indicate that the inhibition of synthesis of N-linked glycoprotein causes a decrease of membrane supply from the Golgi apparatus to the apical plasma membrane. PMID- 6525629 TI - [Activity of management personnel in the pharmacy service. II. Analysis of the activity of chief pharmacists in type II pharmacies]. PMID- 6525630 TI - [Selective acetylation of bile acid methyl esters]. PMID- 6525631 TI - [The effect of substitution on the activity of androgens and anabolics]. PMID- 6525633 TI - [Determination of inorganic phosphates in a kinetic regimen]. PMID- 6525632 TI - [Antiandrogen activity of 4 beta, 5-cyclopropane-5-beta-androstan -3-ones and their 19-acetoxy derivatives]. PMID- 6525634 TI - [Extraction photometric determination of choline and its derivatives using bromthymol blue]. PMID- 6525635 TI - [Critical evaluation of substructural analysis in the relation between structure and biological activity]. PMID- 6525636 TI - [Morphology of the subventricular layer of the cerebral hemispheres in newborn infants from the 23rd to the 40th week of intrauterine life]. AB - The development of SVL was studied in 6 frontal sections made from each of 82 brains of eutrophic neonates. Histological development of SVL was presented by diagrams and microphotographs. Relative figures of the dark and light cells of SVL were established: light cells percentage increased in a linear way during the brain maturation [10-15% in the 28th week, 30% in the 31st week, 50% in the 34th week, 60% in mature neonate, 85% in an infant of 2 months]. Detailed developmental morphology was followed in the dark areas of SVL: SVL was homogeneously dark in fetuses till the weight of 800 g, later light areas occurred which quite prevailed in mature neonates. Dark areas were represented by peripheric dark zone, paraganglionic cellular zone, perivascular zones, subependymal dark zone and dark cellular stripe. Normal developmental changes of the SVL are not to be mistaken for the pathological ones in autoptic material. Findings are discussed on the base of the data from literature about the production of glia and the SVL development. PMID- 6525637 TI - [Brain weight in relation to the maturity of the newborn infant]. AB - Average cerebral weights were calculated in correlation to the age of gestation and birth weight in 84 hypotrophic and 219 normotrophic neonates. Correlation of cerebral weight and gestation age was significantly different in the both groups, correlation of cerebral weight and birth weight was parallel. Cerebral growth trend can be estimated in routine autopsies according these results. PMID- 6525638 TI - [Persistent atypical epitheloid component of malignant lymphomas]. AB - Three cases of immunoblastic B sarcoma were found in a group of 38 patients suffering from lymphoepitheloid malignant lymphoma where atypical epitheloid cells did not occur temporarily. Taking some morphological and even histochemical features of tumour cells they reminded of hybrid forms. This stimulating finding was difficult to explain. Persons in the study were of higher age, case histories showed high grade malignancy with a rather good reaction to cytostatic treatment. The picture is to be followed further as a subunit isolated from the wide rank of lymphoepitheloid malignant lymphoma. PMID- 6525639 TI - [Metastasizing basalioma at an early age]. AB - The case is described of a woman who suffered since her early childhood from four foci of basalioma and died aged 29 years of metastatic lung involvement. The case appears unique comprising several rare features, e. g. a basalioma in childhood, a metastatic basalioma, and a small-sized metastasizing primary tumour. The disease may be congenital, however, it differs from the typical nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome. PMID- 6525640 TI - Renal function in old age and uncomplicated benign essential hypertension. PMID- 6525641 TI - Accidental trauma. PMID- 6525642 TI - Tuberculosis in Sri Lankan immigrant workers to the Middle East. PMID- 6525644 TI - Carcinosarcoma of the uterus. PMID- 6525643 TI - Use of netilmicin in life threatening sepsis. PMID- 6525645 TI - Dental problems in childhood. PMID- 6525646 TI - Structure and function of bile. I. Relation between the structure of artificial bile and activity of pancreatic lipase. PMID- 6525647 TI - Syntheses of 15N-enriched polyamines. PMID- 6525649 TI - Spirocyclopropane compounds. III. Synthesis of spiro[benzofuran-2(3H),1' cyclopropan]-3-ones for evaluation as gastric antisecretory and antiulcer agents. PMID- 6525648 TI - Synthesis and biological activity of 1 alpha-fluoro-25-hydroxyvitamin D3. PMID- 6525650 TI - Spirocyclopropane compounds. IV. Synthesis of 5-acetylspiro-[benzofuran-2(3H),1' cyclopropan]-3-one related compounds for evaluation as gastric antisecretory and antiulcer agents. PMID- 6525651 TI - Macrocyclic polyamines as a possible chemical model for histamine H2-receptors. PMID- 6525652 TI - [The constituents of the Chinese drug "ti-ku-'pi". I. Isolation and constitution of lyciumamide, a new dipeptide]. PMID- 6525653 TI - Determination of acetoacetate in plasma by a combination of enzymatic decarboxylation and head-space gas chromatography. PMID- 6525654 TI - Degradation of nucleic acids with ozone. V. Mechanism of action of ozone on deoxyribonucleoside 5'-monophosphates. PMID- 6525655 TI - Hydrolysis of 4-methylumbelliferyl tetra-N-acetyl-beta-chitotetraoside by lysozyme and its inhibition by N,N',N''-triacetylchitotriose. PMID- 6525656 TI - Comparative effects of DL, D and L-3-pyridylalanine on serotonin concentration and tryptophan-serotonin metabolizing enzymes. PMID- 6525658 TI - Kinetics and mechanism of the degradation and epimerization of sodium cefsulodin in aqueous solution. PMID- 6525657 TI - Degradation of nucleic acids with ozone. VI. Labilization of the double-helical structure of calf thymus deoxyribonucleic acid. PMID- 6525659 TI - Determination of phenobarbital in human serum by spin immunoassay. PMID- 6525661 TI - In vitro dissolution profile and in vivo absorption study of sustained-release tablets containing chlorpheniramine maleate with water-insoluble glucan. PMID- 6525662 TI - High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of glycyrrhizin and glycyrrhetinic acid in biological materials. PMID- 6525663 TI - Percutaneous absorption of butylparaben in vitro. II. Effects of micellar trapping of the drug and percutaneous absorption of nonionic surfactants. PMID- 6525660 TI - Esterase-like activity of human serum albumin. IV. Reactions with substituted aspirins and 5-nitrosalicyl esters. PMID- 6525664 TI - Components of Cnidium officinale Makino: occurrence of pregnenolone, coniferyl ferulate, and hydroxyphthalides. PMID- 6525665 TI - Elucidation of the structures of olivoretin B and C. PMID- 6525667 TI - Guavin B, an ellagitannin of novel type. PMID- 6525666 TI - The absolute stereostructure of curcumol isolated from Curcuma wenyujin. PMID- 6525668 TI - [Diagnostic peritoneal lavage]. AB - Diagnostic peritoneal lavage has been evaluated in 180 patients with suspected intraperitoneal hemorrhage or effusion. This test was proved to be a useful, safe, and highly accurate procedure for early diagnosis of intraperitoneal effusion. PMID- 6525669 TI - [Diagnostic peritoneal lavage in closed injuries of the abdomen in children]. AB - Diagnostic peritoneal lavage has been evaluated in 213 pediatric cases suspected of intraperitoneal lesion. This test was proved to be an useful, safe, and highly accurate procedure for the early diagnosis of intraperitoneal damage in the pediatric blunt trauma. PMID- 6525670 TI - [Apropos of 59 cases of peripheral arterial embolisms]. AB - 59 cases of embolic occlusion of the peripheral arteries treated with surgical disobliteration by Fogarty catheter are described. Some considerations and conclusions on the cases are discussed. PMID- 6525671 TI - [Our clinico-therapeutic attitude to fibrocystic mastopathy]. AB - The authors relate their experience about Chronic Cystic Disease. They emphasize the frequency of relapses and the risks that such a pathology involves. They finally suggest a surgical treatment plan that, in their opinion, should be applied whenever the patient is a peri-menopausal aged woman who has undergone, at least twice, an operation for a Chronic Mastopathy with a histologically proved epiteliosis. The operation suggests is a total glandulectomy with simultaneous breast reconstruction by means of a prosthesis. PMID- 6525672 TI - [Lung-term results in patients operated for benign diseases of the common bile ducts]. AB - The remote results obtained in the treatment of the benign diseases of the main biliary duct were appraised on a specimen of 47 people operated on at the Surgical Department of the Turin University between 1960 and 1970, subjected to a checking visit at a distance from operation ranging from 12 up to 22 years. The investigation confirmed the impression that in biliary surgery some eventual failures can reach the clinical evidence after many years from operation, and allowed to demonstrate percentages of satisfactory, unsatisfactory and bad results as high as 80,8%, 8,5% and 10,6%, respectively. PMID- 6525673 TI - [Surgical therapy of rectal prolapse. Our clinical experience of 12 years of observations]. AB - AA. are reporting their experience on the subject of the surgical treatment of the rectal prolapse in all his clinical forms, during 12 years of activity that has taken place in the clinical surgery of the University of Ferrara. From their casuistry it is shown that usually this pathology is joined with other morbid forms of the small pelvis which vary according to the degree of the prolapse. They emphasize the excellent results obtained and support the surgical way of laparotomy adopted in the treatment of prolapse of II type (incomplete) and III type (complete). PMID- 6525674 TI - [Usefulness of morphoscillography for the prognosis of the duration of aorta femoral bypass in complex ilio-femoral arteriopathies]. AB - The work has the purpose to draw some prognostic indications and therapeutical directions in the aorto-iliac arteriosclerotic disease, with reference to the preoperative arteriographic and morphoscillographic reports. In the 94 patients, corresponding to 140 limbs operated on, it was possible to remark the progression in worsening of the sphygmic activity in the limbs segments goes along with a deterioration of the surgical results, and the prognosis is particularly severe when the minimum values of total vascular caliber are remarked at thighs. PMID- 6525675 TI - [Hemorrhagic pancreatic pseudocysts caused by erosion of the superior mesenteric artery]. AB - The authors report a case of hemorrhage for upper mesenteric artery erosion secondary to a pancreatic pseudocyst. After a review of literature data they outline the possible causes regarding the hemorrhagic event in course of pseudocyst and the modalities it happens. They finally underline the importance of a precocious diagnosis concerning the hemorrhage kind and seat through selective angiography, for an opportune and rational surgical management. PMID- 6525676 TI - [A case of retroareolar leiomyoma of the breast]. AB - The authors, showing a case of breast retroareolar leiomyoma, study the literature thereabout, and emphasize the rareness of such disease, the impossibility of a correct preoperative diagnosis and the features of absolute benignity of this lesion. PMID- 6525677 TI - [New attitudes in the therapy of splenic injuries]. AB - The serious sepses, even deadly, which can follow an operation of splenectomy because of the reduced immunological capacities persuaded the Authors to confirm the necessity to safeguard spleen especially after lesions due to traumata. PMID- 6525678 TI - [Gastric leiomyoma (presentation of 3 clinical cases)]. AB - Gastric leiomyoma represents a rather rare report in abdominal surgery, above all because it very often shows no symptoms. Among the non-epithelial gastric neoplasms, it occupies the second place after lymphoma. After describing its anatomo-pathological aspects and clinical features, the authors report their casuistry, including three observations of such neoplasm, and point out that both the endoscopic inspection and the bioptic abstraction, contextually performed, were not so useful in formulating a sure preoperative diagnosis. PMID- 6525680 TI - [Occlusion of the small intestine caused by metastatic neoplasms]. AB - 6 cases of small bowel secondary tumours, appearing with the picture of an intestinal obstruction, are shown. The etiologic diagnosis of the obstruction was only possible at the moment of the surgical operation, urgently performed. The seriousness of the prognosis of such tumours is emphasized, as well as the fact that their diagnosis is often interoperative. PMID- 6525681 TI - [Prevention of gastroesophageal reflux. Validity of hemifundoplication according to Cor-Casolo (experimental study)]. AB - After a short preface about the main antireflux techniques employed in the treatment and prevention of gastro-oesophageal reflux, the problems involved in the iatrogenous gastro-oesophageal reflux are stated. As no unanimous opinion exists till now in literature about the importance and incidence of reflux after the operation of extramucous cardiomyotomy according to Heller, used in the treatment of achalasia, and after the Parietal Cell Vagotomy, employed in the treatment of duodenal ulcer, an experimental protocol was set up. An experimental research was performed on 16 dogs, subdivided into 3 groups: in the first group (6 dogs) extramucous cardiomyotomy according to Heller and antireflux procedure (antero-lateral hemifundoplication according to Dor-Casolo) were performed; in the second group (6 dogs) Parietal Cell Vagotomy + extramucous cardiomyotomy according to Heller + antero-lateral hemifundoplication according to Dor-Casolo were performed; in the third group (control) the only extramucous cardiomyotomy according to Heller was performed. In the research, articulated in two stages (1st time - operation; 2nd time - remote checking) the following was effected: pressure gauge test; pH-metric test; gastro-oesophageal scintigraphic test with Tc99m; histopathologic test. The experimental results obtained, elaborated by computer, demonstrated: that extramucous cardiomyotomy according to Heller causes serious oesophagitic phenomena, and therefore it should be joined to antireflux procedure; that Parietal Cell Vagotomy (P.C.V.) causes a significant decrease in the tone of L.E.S. (Lower Oesophageal Sphincter); that antero-lateral hemifundoplication according to Dor-Casolo (210 degrees) is effective in its antireflux action even after long time. PMID- 6525679 TI - [Our experience with fundoplication according to Nissen in the treatment of hiatal hernia]. AB - The authors illustrate their experience with the fundoplication according to Nissen in the treatment of hiatal hernia and gastroesophageal reflux, and appraise its effectiveness in the light of the most modern diagnostical methods, among which chiefly the monitored pH-metry of distal oesophagus. PMID- 6525682 TI - [Indications and technic for autotransfusion in surgery]. AB - The authors, after considering the advantages of autotransfusion, report their experience about 14 election patients operated on, and emphasize the usefulness of the usefulness of the method, designed to remove the iatrogenous pathology involved in the transfusions of homologous blood. PMID- 6525683 TI - [Carcinoma of the gastric stump. Considerations on 26 observed cases]. AB - The authors report their experience concerning 26 cases of gastric stump carcinoma after gastric resection for benign pathology, observed in about 12 years. The incidence of such disease is 9,2% as regards the gastric neoplastic pathology and 5,2% as regards the benign ulcerous pathology, observed in the same period of time. The removal of the tumour was performed in 18 cases (69,2%), in spite of the stage, in most cases advanced, of the disease. In 7 cases (38,8%) the operation was extended to other organs. In 5 cases (27,7%) the removal was performed in spite of the presence of liver metastases. The survival amounts to 3 (16,6%) patients after 2, 4,5 and 5 years, one of whom suffers from liver metastases. In spite of the better knowledge of the histologic modifications and the phenomena caused by the biliopancreatic rebux and gastric hypochlorhydria, the etiopathogenesis of that disease is still unknown; the prognosis remains still unfavourable, due to the diagnostical delay and the particular aggressiveness of the neoplasm. Therefore, the Authors confirm the necessity for a precocious diagnosis, which only is suitable to improve the immediate and remote results. PMID- 6525684 TI - [Leiomyoma of the small intestine]. AB - A case of leiomyoma of the small bowel which growth in the mesentery is reported. After review of the late literature, the Authors prove that this tumor is rare. The clinical examination and the simptoms associated with this neoplasm are aspecific for many months, so that X-ray as well as other complementary examinations are often necessary for the diagnosis. PMID- 6525685 TI - [Colo-rectal precancerous conditions: anatomo-pathologic and clinical aspects]. AB - The authors, after emphasizing the value presently ascribed to the conception of "epithelial displasia" as initial histologic and cytologic alteration, common to all groups of patients with high risk of development of colorectal cancer, review the mani precancer lesions of large intestine. As a conclusion, they affirm the main target one presently aims at for the screening in groups with high risk is to precociously identify the stage of transformation of epithelial displasia into carcinoma, so as to be able to set up a timely treatment. PMID- 6525686 TI - [Partial conservation of the splenic parenchyma in the prevention of hyposplenism after splenectomy. A note on ponderal modifications of the residual parenchyma (experimental research)]. AB - The authors appraise the weight modifications of residual splenic parenchyma after partial splenectomy (25%, 50%, 75%) in grown up rats. After the values of platelet rate in the blood had come back to standard, the residual spleens were removed and weighed. No difference of weight of the spleen was remarked in the control animals in which a mobilization of spleen and a resection of 500 mg. of hepatic parenchyma were performed; a difference of 0,15 g. (P greater than 0,05), 0,21 g. (P less than 0,05) and 0,18 g. (P less than 0,05) respectively was observed in rats with 25%, 50%, 75% splenectomy. PMID- 6525687 TI - [Partial conservation of the splenic parenchyma in the prevention of hyposplenism after splenectomy. A note on modifications of blood platelet number from the 40th day until normalization (experimental research)]. AB - The authors report the modifications of platelet rate in the blood in a succession of total and partial splenectomies (25%, 50%, 75%) from the 40th day after operation till normalization. The values of platelet rate got back to standard in the 50th day in the animals subjected to 25% splenectomy, and in the 60th, 70th and 80th day from operation in the rats with 50%, 75% and 100% splenectomy. The data remarked suggest the period of thrombocytosis is in direct relation with the entity of plastrinosis, whereas the modalities of decrease are similar in all groups of animals. PMID- 6525688 TI - [Complications of primary malignant tumors of the small intestine]. AB - 6 cases of small bowel adenocarcinomata are described. In 5 cases out of 6 the diagnosis was only possible at the moment of operation, which became necessary for the complications of the tumour. Five patients were urgently operated on for intestinal obstruction, and one for peritonitis. The reserved nature of the prognosis of such tumours is emphasized, as well as the fact that their diagnosis is often interoperative. PMID- 6525689 TI - [Traumatic rupture of the spleen in the experience of a surgical department]. AB - The authors report their experience about splenic breakages in the blunt abdominal traumatology. Through the analysis of different parameters (type of accident, other associated lesions, heart frequency, hematocrit, paracentesis, direct radiological inspection of abdomen, gap of time between hospitalization and operation) they try to frame the blunt traumata of abdomen in four differential and orientative classes. As a conclusion; they assert the diagnosis of splenic breakage can be placed in any hospitals, with no need for sophisticated investigations, but following clinico-laboratorial criteria. PMID- 6525690 TI - [Aneurysm of the superficial femoral artery]. AB - The authors start from a case of aneurysm of the superficial femoral artery, they had the opportunity to observe, and discuss the etiopathogenetic, diagnostic and clinical problems involved in this disease. Then, they dwell upon the main therapeutical solutions suggested, and declare inclined to endoaneurysmography with interposition of autologous or heterologous grafting. PMID- 6525691 TI - [Recurrent anorectal abscesses]. AB - A study of 78 patients with recurrent anorectal abscess was carried out to elucidate the cause of recurrence. The inadequate treatment (incision and drainage) and the spontaneous rupture or resolution of the abscess with no further treatment were the most common reasons for recurrence. At surgery, 18 patients were found to have recurrent hidradenitis suppurativa. The authors recommend a careful regional exploration under anesthesia and an aggressive surgical approach to achieve satisfactory results and to ensure minimal, if any recurrence. PMID- 6525692 TI - [Carpal tunnel syndrome caused by an intracarpal calcification]. PMID- 6525693 TI - [Clinico-functional evaluation of patients operated for the removal of total prosthesis of the hip]. AB - The authors report the clinico-functional results observed in 109 patients subjected to removal of a total hip replacement. After remarking the progressive increase in the aseptic mobilizations recorded during the last years, and after shortly stating the criteria whereby the prosthesized patients are controlled along with the time, they detailedly set forth the results. In conclusion, the results recorded are generally satisfactory, although the operation for removal of the replacement is an expedient badly fitting subjects in young or, anyhow, working age. PMID- 6525694 TI - [Physiopathology of uncarthrosis]. AB - In the present work some concepts of physiopathology and pathogenesis of cervico brachial neuralgiae due to uncoarthrosis are punctualized; after a short specification about diagnostics, the possibility of a surgical treatment is schematically represented. PMID- 6525695 TI - [Our surgical choice in the treatment of tumors of the rectum]. AB - The AA. suggest to rationalise the criterion of choice in the operation of rectum tumour. According to the AA., the choice is between abdomino-perineal and anterior resection operation. In accordance with that acknowledgement and the respect of the precise oncological and anatomical presuppositions, they define the heart of the tumour and regulated their surgical conduct. In practice they perform the anterior resection for the tumours situated between the superior and inferior haemorrhoidal arteries which, after dissection, can be found at least 8 9 cm. from the anus, while they always deal with the abdomino-perineal the neoplasms which develop in the area of inferior and middle haemorrhoidal arteries. PMID- 6525696 TI - [Principles of rehabilitation of colostomy patients]. AB - The authors, after pointing out the number of enterostomized patients in the last years was more and more increasing, study all the repercussions of metabolic, functional and psychologic nature which are arising in the patients subjected to ultimate colostomy. Then, they describe the principles of a correct rehabilitative program for such patients, consisting in performing a correct colostimy and rigidly following hygienicodietetic rules. At last the authors, as a conclusion, affirm the rehabilitation, through the creation of proper centers with specialized staff, should also aim at the resolution of the remarkable psychologic problems affecting such patients, so as to have them reinserted in the social context they are coming from. PMID- 6525697 TI - [Non-neoplastic pathology of the last ileal ansa (anatomo-surgical problems)]. AB - The surgery of the last ileal ansa in case of non-neoplastic pathology bears some problems of technical nature, bound to the remarkable anatomic variabilities in the arterial blood supply to terminal ileum. The authors report the observation of three cases of non-neoplastic pathology of the last ileal ansa, treated with different technique in relation to the type of arterial blood supply remarked. In a case an ileum resection with termino-terminal anastomosis was performed, and in the other two cases a resection of the last ileal ansa, followed by an ileo caecal reimplantation, was effected. PMID- 6525698 TI - [Appendiceal mucocele]. AB - The authors, starding from their own clinical casuistry, critically review the literature, and suggest a new classification of appendicular mucocele based upon the anatomo-pathological aspects. They, moreover, analyse the clinical therapeutical aspects, and hope the histologic testing of appendix becomes a routine practise. PMID- 6525699 TI - [Hypoplasia of the gallbladder (report of a case)]. AB - The authors, starting from the recent observation of a case of gall-bladder hypoplasia, point out the extreme rareness of the disease, the aspecificity of the symptomatology and the frequent impossibility to reach a preoperative diagnosis. PMID- 6525700 TI - [Preoperative biliary culture and short-term antibiotic therapy]. AB - The author have considered 92 patients operated for cronic calcolous cholecystitis (cholecystectomy). All patients have undergoing an intraoperative bile drawing and liver biopsy with hystological examination of the gallbladder wall. The results show a low incidence of positive bile cultures that become nigligible in patients who have undergoing the short term antibiotic therapy. This make think that infectious moment in cronic pathology of the biliary tract have very little value. PMID- 6525701 TI - [Double aneurysm of the common hepatic artery and of the right gastric artery]. AB - An infrequent case of two visceral aneurysms (an hepatic artery aneurysm detected after the rupture of a gastric artery aneurysm) is reported. Clinical features and surgical approach are briefly discussed. PMID- 6525703 TI - [Surgical treatment of injuries of the ulnar collateral ligament of the thumb: case reviews]. AB - In this work the authors want to illustrate the different injuries of the collateral ulnar ligament in the thumb and his following surgical treatment at the light of the most modern discoveries in this field. PMID- 6525702 TI - [Alkaptonuria and ochronosis: presentation of a clinical case]. AB - In the present work a case of alcaptonuric arthropathy is described. The rareness of such type of pathology has suggested us a re-examination of the ptrtaining literature; after a necessary introduction concerning the etiopathogenetic and anatomo-pathological part, we detailedly explain the clinico-diagnostical aspect. We subsequently document the case we had the opportunity to observe. Due to the seriousness of the articular involvement, we subjected it to radical surgical treatment, from which it enjoyed a real advantage. PMID- 6525704 TI - [Triple screwing in sub-capitated fractures of the neck of the femur (our experience)]. AB - The authors showed a method of treatment of the fractures of femur-neck under head, being persuaded of its validity, for the good remote results in the 38 cases shown, the lighter trauma caused to this type of patients, and the lower risk and operative care required. PMID- 6525705 TI - [Fractures of the radial capitellum. Resection of the capitellum (remote results)]. AB - The authors showed 32 cases of resection of radial capital, inspected 2 years after operation, the results of which, as compared with those obtained through other methods, revealed a good remote validity. This is true in cases where no other important lesions, especially in the periarticular soft parts, were present. PMID- 6525706 TI - [Considerations on the treatment of fractures of the olecranon]. AB - The authors illustrated the principles of dynamic osteosynthesis applied to olecranon, showed the good results obtained in 40 cases, and pointed out the importance of the early mobilization on a stabilized fracture focus. PMID- 6525707 TI - [A rare case of calcified periarthritis of the hand]. AB - The authors describe a rare case of calcified periarthritis of the hand. They propose a simple immobilization of the joint. PMID- 6525708 TI - [Osteoid osteoma (case contributions)]. AB - The authors explain the anathomic and clinical problems in the osteoid osteoma and confirm the validity of the surgical treatment. They suggest a limitation in the medical therapy with salicylates. PMID- 6525709 TI - [Biliary peritonitis]. PMID- 6525710 TI - [Surgical treatment of colovesical fistulas (our experience)]. AB - The Authors study the statistics of the Verona Surgical Centre, concerning 5 cases of colovesical fistula. They support the two-time operation, that is, the colon resection with colo-colic anastomosis sheltered by a decompressive transversostomy and stitching of the vesical breach. They affirm the usefulness of the operation according to Hartmann in patients facing a greater operative risk. PMID- 6525711 TI - Cholecystostomy and PTBD in the treatment of obstructive jaundice (a comparative study). AB - The Authors compare two groups of patients suffering from obstructive jaundice due to neoplasia of the head of the pancreas or the terminal bile duct who undergo bile drainage by means of cholecystostomy via the percutaneous transhepatic route, in order to reduce icterus, and subsequently undergo a duodenocephalopancreatectomy. The two groups are then compared with a third group in which duodenocephalopancreatectomy was performed without a preoperative reduction in the jaundice. The decrease in bilirubin and alkaline phosphatase, the drainage period, the nature and length of the post-operative course and the average total hospitalisation period are analysed. Whereas the recovery of hepatic function is comparable in the three groups, in the group undergoing percutaneous transhepatic bile drainage the post-operative course is decidedly better (lower morbidity and a shorter period of hospitalisation). PMID- 6525712 TI - [Adenocarcinoma of the proximal stomach and cardia: problems of surgical strategy and technics]. AB - In a total of 142 patients with adenocarcinoma of the proximal third of the stomach and cardia, curative resection was carried out in 88 during the period 1960-1980. The patients were divided in two groups. I group included 32 patients with tumor distal to the esophagogastric junction. In II group (54 patients) the tumor involved the esophagogastric junction (adenocarcinoma of the gastric cardia). In I group, when the proximal border of the cancer was well defined and sufficient length was maintained between the proximal tumor border and esophagogastric junction, the abdominal approach was preferred and the operation performed was generally a total gastrectomy combined with splenectomy and celiac node dissection. Distal pancreatectomy was performed as necessary. In most patients of the II group, the operation was performed using separate abdominal and right-sided thoracic incisions. Two principally types of operation were used: extended total gastrectomy and extended proximal subtotal gastrectomy, depending on degree of gastric wall involvement, combined with extensive esophagectomy, splenectomy and regional nodes dissection in both cases. Distal pancreatectomy was not performed routinely but only as necessary. In this group of patients there was no significant difference in the overall cure rate between the extended total gastrectomy and the extended proximal subtotal gastrectomy. Operative morbidity and mortality rates were also comparable. PMID- 6525713 TI - [Carcinoma of the gallbladder. Clinico-statistical considerations]. AB - The Authors shortly describe some essential aspects of the gall-bladder primitive cancer, and state their experience about 19 cases of malignant neoplasms observed out of 2280 operations on biliary duct. They confirm the extremely severe prognosis of such disease due to diagnostic delay. As a conclusion, they affirm the simple cholecystectomy is the choice operation in the precocious forms, and suggest the preventive cholecystectomy in the risk patients for such pathology. PMID- 6525714 TI - [Surgical therapy of gastric carcinoma in an advanced stage (clinical cases)]. AB - The Authors study the casuistry of the Verona Surgical Clinic concerning the interventions for gastric cancer; they particularly study 35 cases of plurivisceral demolition for neoplasm in advanced phase. After a discussion of the data supplied by the literature; the Authors, as a conclusion, suggest not to consider the overcoming of the gastric barrier in multivisceral sense as a rigid element for the exclusion of these patients from surgery, although they exclude widely demolitive interventions in seriously weakened patients, or in bearers of such spreadings as to involve tremendous operative risks, not rewarded with a satisfactory advantage. PMID- 6525716 TI - [Inverted papilloma of the bladder (considerations on a clinical case )]. AB - The Authors present one case of inverted papilloma of the bladder. Morphology, clinical features and prognosis of this lesion are discussed. PMID- 6525717 TI - [Cystic dilatation of intrahepatic bile ducts (Caroli's disease)]. AB - The AA, report two cases of congenital cystic dilation of intrahepatic biliary ducts. They consider the difficulties in diagnosis and show the ways to follow to demonstrate the pathology. They discuss the therapy and point out that resections are necessary, whereas bilio-digestive bypasses are ineffective. PMID- 6525718 TI - [The interposed jejunal loop after resection for gastric ulcer (endoscopic study)]. AB - Authors refer about an endoscopic study concerning twenty patients who have been previously operated for gastric ulcer. In these patients it was performed a reconstruction of the alimentary canal by means of a gastro-duodenal interposition of an isoperistaltic jejunal loop. Authors show that this method has been proved valid to prevent duodeno pancreatic reflux in the residual gastric sac. PMID- 6525715 TI - [Surgical treatment of anorectal melanoma (presentation of 2 cases)]. AB - The Authors describe 2 cases of anorectal melanoma, which underwent operation in the Surgical Clinic of Verona in the years 1981-83. They review the literature confirming the high malignancy of this neoplasm, the poor prognosis forecasting a demolishing surgical treatment only. They, at last, once again affirm the principle whereby the results of such surgery are proportional to the stage of evolution the neoplasm is caught in, and the difficulty to reach a precocious diagnosis is therefore one of the main reasons for the scanty remote results of such surgery. PMID- 6525719 TI - [Denervation in pain syndromes of the hand]. AB - The Authors refer about the pain syndrome of the hand. They describe a recent surgical technique, by the enervation. This surgical treatment gives in all patients a quickly recovery with remission of pain and with no compromise of superficial sensibility. We are sure in an increment of our positive casistic. PMID- 6525720 TI - [A rare case of localization of a myeloplax tumor in the hand]. AB - The Authors describe a rare case of a giant-cell synovial tumor of the hand. The Authors face the problem from anathomic and pathological point of view and they specify the importance of an exact clinical diagnosis and of a correct surgical treatment. PMID- 6525721 TI - [Dermatophytic disease. Recent Algerian observations]. AB - We have reported 5 cases of dermatophytic disease observed in Algiers. We insist on three characteristics of the disease: 1. - the familial predisposition; 2. - the deficiency of the cell-mediated immunity while humoral immunity remains apparently intact with high levels of IgE; 3. - the seriousness of the disease: one of our patients has a cerebral abscess, while another died despite the grisefulin therapy. PMID- 6525722 TI - [A case of actinomycetes mycetoma in Burundi]. AB - The authors report the first case in Burundi of mycetoma due to Nocardiae. The diagnosis was made by histopathology. There was a good efficiency of the sulfone sulfamid treatment. PMID- 6525723 TI - [Histoplasma capsulatum histoplasmosis. Apropos of a disseminated form with skin lesions in a woman from Zaire]. AB - A case of disseminated histoplasmosis with cutaneous lesions due to Histoplasma capsulatum is reported. The patient was a 22 years old congolese woman (Zaire). The diagnosis was made on born narrow a few days only before she died. The cutaneous lesions were also positive for H. capsulatum. PMID- 6525724 TI - [Acute bilharzial cor pulmonale due to Schistosoma mansoni]. AB - The authors report a cause of acute cor pulmonale caused by Schistosoma mansoni bilharziosis. The clinical feature was a collapse with right ventricular failure following a delivery. The hemodynamic exploration showed a pre-capillary and supra-systemic pulmonary hypertension. The histopathologic study in post-mortem showed pulmonary lesions of fibrosis endarteritis with granulomatosis reaction round many eggs of Schistosoma mansoni. The authors discuss the frequency of various anatomic lesions (20, 30%), hemodynamic (20%) and clinical (2,5%) of the pulmonary bilharziosis. They recall the anatomical and histological mechanisms of the pulmonary artery hypertension in this disease. They emphasize the originality of this observation which is due to its super acute character and its Schistosoma mansoni bilharziosis etiology whereas pulmonary demonstrations are usually due to Schistosoma haematobium. PMID- 6525726 TI - [Intravitreous cystercercosis, a rare imported pathology. Apropos of a case]. AB - The authors report the observation of a 50 years old Madagascan woman who has been evacuated to France because of a blindness in her right eye. This disease is progressively complete after six months, and the intra-vitrious cysticercosis is diagnosed following a patient, minutely detailed and daily observation through the biomicroscope during four consecutive days. The surgical operation allows the cryo extraction of the vesicle of Cysticercus cellulosae which is not touched. This observation gives rise to recall epidemiologic chain of affectedness, the frequency of eye locations, the differential diagnosis for the other larva cestodosis and at last the prophylatic basic measures to make in the endemic areas. PMID- 6525725 TI - [Intraperitoneal dirofilariasis]. AB - Discovery of Dirofilaria (Nochtiella) repens during a pancreatectomy in the adipose tissue of the pancreas. Brief description of the worm and transverse sections which show longitudinal ridges of the cuticule (photo no 4). Clinical history, pathological anatomy study of liver; mesenteric infarction and patient's death two weeks after the operation. Parasitosis known in the South of France near at hand littoral pools but any visceral topographical diagnosis had never been signaled in France. PMID- 6525727 TI - [Epidemiologic survey of intestinal parasitoses in Peruvian Amazonia]. AB - An epidemiological survey was carried out in 4 native villages from tribe Cashibo, in Amazonia (Peru). Among 165 stools examination, 92% were positives for helminthic (hookworms: 72%, roundworms and whipworms: 55% each, strongyloides: 5%) and protozoan infections (Entamoeba coli and Endolimax nana: 50% each, Entamoeba histolytica 24%, Giardia intestinalis 17%). Balantidium coli is not seldom (6%). Polyparasitism, very frequent, is reported with a maximum of 10 species. The most important villages are the most infested. Several factors can explain these results: lack of hygien and treatment, and no sanitary education. These rates are among the highest recorded for the South-American Indian people. PMID- 6525728 TI - [Blood transfusion in Senegal: psychophysiologic study of blood donation]. AB - The authors wanted to determine the motivations and attitudes of the Senegalese with regard to the important problem of blood donation. An investigation, by means of a questionaire, has been carried out on a selected cross-section of 1,710 people. PMID- 6525729 TI - [Exceptional resistance of Malagasy plague-transmitting fleas to insecticides]. AB - Two plague transmitting malagasy fleas S. fonquerniei and X. cheopis, caugh in the cities of Tananarive, Antsirabe-Betafo and Ampefy were tested in conformity with WHO standards. These two fleas were resistant to DDT, dieldrin and malathion, Moreover, X. cheopis from the cities of Tananarive and Antsirabe Betafo were resistant fenitrothion and propoxur. It seems to be first description of simultaneous resistance to organochlorinated, organophosphorylated and carbamylated products. The authors discuss the causes of this exceptional phenomenon, and make some suggestions in order to obtain a better knowledge and understanding of this phenomenon. PMID- 6525730 TI - [Anti-scorpion control in the governorship of Sidi Bouzid (Tunisia)]. AB - The authors describe the incidence, the clinical aspects and the epidemiology of scorpion poisoning in the area of Sidi Bouzid. They expose and propose public health measures which should diminish the incidence of stings, and the number of hospitalisations and deaths. Improvement of housing and food hygiene, education of the population are essential. PMID- 6525731 TI - [A sociologic study of health care accessibility in an urban milieu in Tunis]. AB - In developing countries, the study of access to medical care reveals the inequality of health coverage. In rural areas, the two main limiting factors are the lack of health services and the difficulty of access, especially distance. But the relevant factors in urban areas have been little studied. In Mellassine, which is the largest slum of Tunis, we studied the behaviour of 400 under-4 children's mothers in relation to health care. The following factors proved relevant: sex of the child, size of the family, father's profession, level of education, material resources; distance, cost and quality of reception of health services; finally the cultural pattern, particularly the representation of children disease by the mothers. Such an approach allows a reflection to reduce the inequality of access to medical care. PMID- 6525732 TI - [Physiopathology of the Irvine-Gass syndrome and the role of posterior detachment of the vitreous body. Apropos of 2 cases]. PMID- 6525733 TI - [The human conjunctival mucus]. PMID- 6525734 TI - [Presenile cataract: an unusual clinical entity]. PMID- 6525735 TI - [Correction of various types of astigmatism after keratoplasties]. PMID- 6525736 TI - [Current concepts in the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of retinal detachment]. PMID- 6525737 TI - [Congenital lacrimal mucocele or amniotocele?]. PMID- 6525738 TI - [Ehlers-Danlos disease--arteriovenous fistula]. PMID- 6525739 TI - [Current indications for SF6 in vitreo-retinal surgery. Preliminary report]. PMID- 6525740 TI - [Medico-surgical problems posed by congenital microphthalmos. Apropos of 97 cases]. PMID- 6525741 TI - [Sebaceous carcinoma. Its focus apropos of a case]. PMID- 6525742 TI - [Retinal dysplasia in a case of incontinentia pigmenti]. PMID- 6525743 TI - [Acute occlusion of the choriocapillaris and pregnancy toxemia. Apropos of 5 cases]. PMID- 6525744 TI - [Tumor of the pigmentary epithelium of the iris. Discussion of a case]. PMID- 6525745 TI - [Management of severe wounds of the eyeball]. PMID- 6525746 TI - [Peters' centro-corneal dysgenesis]. PMID- 6525747 TI - [Ocular involvement in minor beta-thalassemia]. PMID- 6525748 TI - [Arterial vascularization of the levator muscle of the upper eyelid]. PMID- 6525749 TI - The acquisition of muscular strength: the influence of training velocity and initial VO2 max. AB - To examine velocity specific training and to determine if VO2 max is related to the increase in muscular strength and power, 12 elite male swimmers (means age = 18.8 years) were blocked on VO2 max and assigned high intensity, high velocity training. Subjects performed 2 or 3 circuits of two 20s sets at each of six variable resistance stations at a work relief ratio of 1:3. Subjects trained four times weekly, for five weeks. Loads were set to achieve limb velocities of approximately 180 degrees X s-1. Increases (p less than 0.001) in all knee peak torques at 180 degrees X s-1 were observed. A decrease (p less than 0.02) was noted in right knee extension at 30 degrees X s-1, while other peak torques at that velocity remained constant. Anaerobic power increased (p less than 0.001) across the training programme. No differences in the magnitude of training effects were observed between High or Low Aerobic groups with the exception of right knee extension at 180 degrees X s-1, where the Low Aerobic group demonstrated the greater improvement (p less than 0.009). In conclusion, this type of velocity specific training can elicit improvements in peak muscular torques at or near the training velocity. Apparently, initial VO2 max did not limit the attainment of muscular strength and power. PMID- 6525750 TI - [Influence of bandages on the strength of impact of punches in boxing]. AB - In boxing, a punch can be directed to the head or the torso of the opponent; however, because of the gravity of the ensuing injuries, the limit of tolerance of the head and face to repeated impacts (Gurjian, 1955, 1962; Patrick, 1955; Hodgson and Nakamura, 1968) is particularly important to keep in mind. The objective of this research was to compare the impact forces which could be attained barehand versus those obtained with different types of bandages made up of gauze and diachylon. For the purpose of this study, 22 boxers were selected. The impact force was measured with a Kistler force plate, covered with a synthetic mattress. A system of photoelectric cells was used to measure the velocity of the punch. Each boxer had to impact the target with 10 punches while his hand was covered with one of four types of bandages as well as barehand. This study has shown that the bandaged hand increases significantly the impact force of the punch. The force increases in relation to the thickness of the bandage. The use of additional pieces of diachylon has a greater influence than gauzes. Therefore, it can be concluded that the bandaging increases the rigidity of the hand and facilitates the transfer of the force in comparison to a similar punch without a bandage or with a thinner one. PMID- 6525751 TI - Coaching preferences of athletes. AB - The study examined the coaching preferences of 80 male and 80 female athletes, as measured by the Leadership Scale for Sports (Chelladurai and Saleh, 1978, 1980). In addition, it attempted to assess the applicability to sport of the Life-cycle and Path-goal theories of leadership. Comparisons between groups were made on the basis of sex, age, and type of sport. A MANOVA indicated that athletes in independent sports preferred more democratic behaviour (p less than .001) and less autocratic behaviour (p = .028) than athletes in interdependent sports. No differences in coaching preferences were found which could be attributed to the age or sex of the athlete, or the variability of the sports task. These results partially supported the Path-goal theory, but did not support the Life-cycle theory. Athletes of all groups tended to favour coaches who displayed training behaviour and rewarding behaviour "often", democratic behaviour and social support behaviour "occasionally", and autocratic behaviour "seldom". This consistency may be a useful finding for those organizations and institutions interested in preparing coaches. PMID- 6525752 TI - Physical activity as a moderator of life events and somatic complaints: a longitudinal study. AB - During the past 15 years a very large number of studies have shown that life events are a significant stressor with attendant physiological and psychological outcomes. Much of this research was summarized by Dohrenwend and Dohrenwend (1974). There is also considerable literature suggesting that physical activity may be an effective coping mechanism which can buffer the relationship between an environmental stressor and such psychological and physiological outcomes. This paper reports on the relationship of life change events and somatic complaints and the moderating effects of physical activity. The study was longitudinal involving 278 managers from 12 different corporations. All participants were men. Data have been collected at entry, two years later, and four years later. This provides two test periods in which the data are analysed. Analyses are by way of multiple regression and in both time periods the change data support the hypothesis that somatic complaints are significantly related to both life events and physical activity. The results also show that physical activity has a significant buffering effect on the relationship between life events and somatic complaints. These findings lend strong support to the hypothesis that physical activity can be a significant moderator of the effects of environmental stress. PMID- 6525753 TI - The coaching preferences of elite athletes competing at Universiade '83. AB - The study investigated the coaching preferences of 95 male and 65 female elite athletes competing at Universiade '83 (Edmonton, Canada). Preferred coaching behaviour (PCB) was measured using a version of the Leadership Scale for Sports (Chelladurai and Saleh, 1978, 1980). Preference scores were analyzed on the basis of sex, age, nationality, and type of sport. A MANOVA indicated that males prefer significantly more Autocratic behaviour than females (p = .039). Also, athletes in team sports prefer significantly more Training behaviour (p = .001), Autocratic behaviour (p less than .001), and Rewarding behaviour (p = .017), and significantly less Democratic behaviour (p less than .001) and Social Support behaviour (p = .002) than athletes in individual sports. No significant differences in PCB attributable to the age or nationally of the athlete were found. In addition, data collected in a previous study (Terry and Howe, 1984), which examined the PCB of 'club' athletes, was included to facilitate a comparison of club v elite athletes. A MANOVA showed that elite athletes prefer significantly more Democratic behaviour (p = .01) and Social Support behaviour (p = .001), and significantly less Rewarding behaviour (p = .01) than athletes at a 'club' level. Although differences between subject groups were found, it can be concluded that athletes generally tend to favour coaches who "often" display Training behaviour and Rewarding behaviour, "occasionally" display Democratic behaviour and Social Support behaviour, and "seldom" display Autocratic behaviour. PMID- 6525754 TI - Seasonal fluctuations of force production in high jumpers. AB - To investigate the influence of training on the isometric force-time (f-t) characteristics and on dynamic force production, eight Finnish male high jumpers were tested six to seven times during a twelve month period. The variations in the isometric maximal force, in the rate of isometric force development (RFD), as well as in the vertical jumping height during the follow-up period were compared to the respective changes in the high jump result. The RFD and vertical jumping heights were found to show their highest values relative to the other seasons during the competitive seasons in January and July-August. The changes in the maximal isometric strengths did not coincide with the changes in the high jump results. The rate of the isometric force development was concluded to be a rather good indicator of the momentary high jumping condition, even though it was realized that in such a technical sport event as the high jump the prediction of the jumping performance by some physical performance variables is approximate. PMID- 6525755 TI - [Geometric and dynamic characteristics of hockey sticks in regard to their performance]. AB - The hockey stick can be used for numerous tasks such as shooting, dribbling, receiving and executing passes, stick handling, etc. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the geometrical and dynamic characteristics of hockey sticks in order to identify those which contribute most significantly to its longevity and durability. The characteristics of 14 models of hockey sticks were measured according to the procedure describes by Roy and Dore (1975). To evaluate the longevity of the stick, 45 Midget AA were selected. Each one was given two sample sticks selected randomly. They were to use those sticks in practices and in game situations. Fifteen adult players were selected to evaluate the durability of the stick. Each one received four sample sticks. They had to execute as many slap shots as they could until the stick broke. This work confirmed a previous study of Roy and Dore 1975) which demonstrated a high level of homogeneity in the geometrical characteristics, but a high heterogeneity in their dynamic characteristics. This study revealed also that the longevity and durability measures showed a high level of variability. Through a multiple regression analysis, it was shown that the width and thickness of the handle as well as the rupture coefficient and the module of rigidity of the handle (in a plane parallel to the blade) were four variables contributing significantly to the longevity of the stick. PMID- 6525757 TI - How do secondary services select journals? PMID- 6525756 TI - Recurrent dislocation of the tibialis posterior tendon--a case report with a new surgical approach. AB - Recurrent dislocation of the tibialis posterior tendon of the ankle is a rare problem, but may result in considerable disability, particularly in the athlete. The description of a simple surgical technique which provides immediate stabilization of the tendon is discussed. This technique is simple and allows early mobilization, resulting in prompt return to athletics. PMID- 6525758 TI - Early hospital discharge following mastectomy. PMID- 6525759 TI - Postoperative ventilatory dependency following thymectomy for myasthenia gravis. PMID- 6525760 TI - Thoracic aspergillosis (Part II). Primary pulmonary aspergillosis, allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis, and related conditions. PMID- 6525761 TI - Thoracic aspergillosis (Part III). Invasive pulmonary and disseminated aspergillosis. PMID- 6525762 TI - Leukemia cutis presenting as a chronic herpes zoster ulceration. PMID- 6525763 TI - Pulmonary artery dissection induced by a Swan-Ganz catheter. PMID- 6525764 TI - The use of a rat isolated ileal preparation to investigate the release of neurotensin. AB - An isolated and perfused preparation of rat ileum was used to investigate the effects of cholinergic, adrenergic and bombesin stimuli on neurotensin release into the vascular compartment. A vigorous release of neurotensin like immunoreactivity (NTLI) to 200% above basal values in response to intraluminal infusions of emulsified soybean oil (Intralipid) demonstrated the physiological responsiveness of the preparation. Carbachol significantly stimulated the release of both NTLI and bombesin like immunoreactivity (BLI), with maximal responses at 5 X 10(-9) mol/l carbachol of 100% and 400% above basal values for NTLI and BLI, respectively. Noradrenaline at 10(-6) and 10(-4) mol/l caused no significant release of NTLI but markedly inhibited spontaneous BLI release. Synthetic amphibian bombesin caused a marked release of NTLI to 81% and 100% above basal at infusion concentrations of 5 X 10(-11) and 5 X 10(-10) mol/l respectively. These results suggest that there is either a direct effect of cholinergic agents on the N cells bringing about NTLI release, or an indirect effect via the release of bombesin like peptides from intrinsic gut neurones. This preparation provides a useful model to study the complex neural, paracrine and endocrine interactions in the gastrointestinal tract. PMID- 6525765 TI - Peritoneal dialysis solutions and feline splanchnic blood flow. AB - Splanchnic blood flow is generally considered to be one of the major factors governing the efficiency of peritoneal dialysis; however, few direct measurements of blood flow have been made during peritoneal dialysis. The radioactive microsphere technique was used to assess the effects of 1.5 and 4.25 g/100 ml dextrose-Dianeal solutions on blood flow to various tissues in the abdominal cavity. The effects of dialysis solution on blood flow through the superior mesenteric and coeliac arteries were measured by electromagnetic flowmetry. The results indicate that the commercial peritoneal dialysis solutions dramatically increase blood flow to the mesentery, omentum, intestinal serosa and parietal peritoneum. These changes are not accompanied by significant alterations in blood perfusion in the major abdominal organs (liver, stomach, intestine, pancreas, spleen). Peritoneal dialysis solutions do not significantly alter blood flow through the coeliac and superior mesenteric arteries. These findings indicate that commercial dialysis solutions improve perfusion to the peritoneum without significantly altering splanchnic blood flow. PMID- 6525766 TI - Effects of thyroxine treatment on contractions of soleus muscles of anaesthetized cats. AB - The effects of chronic thyroxine treatment on cat soleus muscle contractions were studied. Maximum twitch tension, contraction time, half relaxation time and tension-time integral of maximal twitches of the soleus muscles of thyroxine treated cats were significantly decreased. Consequently, there was a decrease in tension and degree of fusion of incomplete tetanic contractions of the soleus muscle. The maximum tetanic tension was not statistically significantly changed, suggesting that the effects may be due to a decrease in the duration of the active state of the muscle. Isoprenaline given intravenously during incomplete tetanic contractions of the soleus muscle caused a statistically significant depression of tension in the control group but not in the thyroxine treated group. This further suggests reduction in the duration of the active state of soleus muscles of thyroxine treated cats. Propranolol injected chronically with thyroxine reversed or prevented the depression of tension caused by thyroxine treatment, suggesting the involvement of beta-adrenoceptors in these effects. The decrease in tension and degree of fusion during incomplete tetanic contractions of the thyroxine treated soleus could be responsible, at least partly, for the muscle weakness and tremor of thyrotoxicosis. Cyclic AMP may possibly be the mediator of these effects. PMID- 6525767 TI - The effect of vasopressin on hepatic artery flow in the rat. AB - The effects of vasopressin infusion on hepatic artery flow was studied in rats. Hepatic artery ligation followed by the infusion of vasopressin (0.08 microU/g body weight per min) decreases portal venous flow and liver blood flow. Vasopressin infusion results in an increase in hepatic artery flow and liver blood flow both of which are abolished by subsequent hepatic artery ligation. The increase in hepatic artery flow and the decrease in portal venous flow following the infusion of vasopressin is discussed in relation to the management of patients presenting with bleeding oesophageal varices. PMID- 6525769 TI - Alterations in cerebrospinal fluid sodium and osmolality in rats during one kidney, one-wrap renal hypertension. AB - Measurements of plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) sodium and osmolality were made throughout the course of one-kidney, one-wrap Grollman renal hypertension. Although the plasma sodium and osmolality did not rise after 28 days, CSF sodium and osmolality was increased significantly at 3 days postwrap. As a result, the CSF to plasma ratio for both sodium and osmolality was significantly elevated during the initial postwrap period. These observations suggest that an increase in CSF sodium may provide an initiating stimulus for an elevated arterial pressure in one-kidney, one-wrap renal hypertension. PMID- 6525768 TI - A comparison of the haemodynamic effects of dietary sodium restriction and acute sodium depletion in the conscious sheep. AB - The use of a low Na, low K sorghum grain diet supplemented with intraruminal electrolyte infusions has enabled dietary manipulation of sodium status to be studied in the sheep. Dietary sodium restriction reduced urinary sodium excretion within 24 h with maximal retention after 3 days. There were no other substantial metabolic or haemodynamic changes. A more severe form of sodium deficiency produced by parotid salivary drainage resulted after only 2 days in a sodium deficit 3-4 times that seen with 14 days of sodium restriction. Extracellular fluid volume and cardiac output decreased. Blood pressure was unchanged but there was an increase in peripheral resistance and plasma renin concentration. PMID- 6525771 TI - Progress of renal osteodystrophy during continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. AB - At present, only a few data are available on the effects of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) on renal osteodystrophy. Twelve patients on CAPD were studied for one year, in order to evaluate the progress of renal osteodystrophy. Our results showed a downward trend of plasma calcium, a good control of phosphatemia, a significant increase of alkaline phosphatase and parathyroid hormone. We also found an important decrease of plasma vitamin D metabolites (25(OH)D3 and 1,25 (OH)2D3) and bone mineral content. Bone biopsy showed a general worsening of both secondary hyperparathyroidism and osteomalacia. Thus, we can conclude that CAPD alone is not able to control the evolution of renal osteodystrophy. PMID- 6525770 TI - Effects of metronidazole on intestinal transit time and faecal weights of human subjects. AB - The combined administration of metronidazole and ampicillin increased faecal weights by 198% in normal male subjects on controlled diets with constant energy, protein and dietary fibre content. Intestinal transit times were unaltered despite marked increase in faecal weights. PMID- 6525772 TI - Heparin elimination and hemostasis in hemodialysis. AB - The heparin concentrations at the end of dialysis and the post-dialysis hemostasis were studied in 16 patients in a chronic hemodialysis program. In 8 of the patients, the heparin half-life values after dialysis were determined as well. The heparin doses were calculated as 90 IU/kg body-weight, administered in a standardized way. The heparin concentrations and the half-life values varied between 0.12-0.94 IU/ml and 29-114 minutes respectively, indicating that the heparin administration must be individually modelled. The hemostasis, measured by the arterial pressure times, was positively correlated to the heparin concentrations. Heparin levels less than 0.3 IU/ml were regularly associated with pressure times less than 10 minutes and no remaining heparin activity two hours after dialysis. In order to minimize the risk of both bleeding and clotting complications at the end of and after dialysis, a heparin concentration of approximately 0.25 IU/ml should be aimed for. PMID- 6525773 TI - Acute renal failure and tubular necrosis associated with hematuria due to mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis. PMID- 6525774 TI - Another shrinking man. PMID- 6525775 TI - Pseudoaldosteronism due to 9-alpha-fluoroprednisolone creams. PMID- 6525776 TI - Mitral valve prolapse related to geometrical changes of the heart in cases of progressive muscular dystrophy. AB - The significance of geometrical changes of the heart for the development of mitral valve prolapse (MVP) was studied by echocardiograms and chest x-ray films in 58 cases of progressive muscular dystrophy (PMD). The incidence of MVP was significantly higher (p less than 0.001) in cases where the thoracic spine was straight or lordotic compared with cases of kyphotic thoracic spine. The flattening of the thorax associated with deformation of the thoracic spine was correlated with the left atrial dimension and left ventricular dimension (r = 0.62, r = 0.37, respectively; p less than 0.001), and MVP developed predominantly in cases with flattened thorax and small left atrial or left ventricular dimensions. The left atrial and left ventricular dimensions were significantly smaller in cases with MVP compared to cases without MVP (p less than 0.001, p less than 0.005, respectively). When both the left atrial and the left ventricular dimension shortened to certain levels, MVP was observed in almost all cases. From these results, it was suggested that the portion from the left atrium to the left ventricle was pressed by the forward bending of the thoracic spine, and the subsequent geometrical changes of the mitral ring and the left ventricle could produce redundancy of the chorda tendinea of the mitral valve, resulting in the occurrence of MVP. PMID- 6525777 TI - The exercise response in idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. AB - In order to more clearly define the exercise response of idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (IDC), 20 patients in this study with strictly defined IDC were evaluated with radionuclide ventriculography and invasive hemodynamic monitoring. Severe cardiovascular impairment was present at rest, and peak supine exercise produced progressive left ventricular (LV) dilatation in both diastole and systole (mean +/- SEM from 172 +/- 14 to 212 +/- 22 ml/m2 at end-diastole and from 137 +/- 14 to 170 +/- 22 ml/m2 at end-systole; both p less than 0.03). There were marked increases in LV and right ventricular filling pressure (from 17 +/- 2 to 36 +/- 3 mmHg and from 7 +/- 2 to 15 +/- 2 mmHg, respectively; both p less than 0.0001) and increased pulmonary artery pressure. Mean LV ejection fraction did not change significantly with exercise (22 +/- 2 to 23 +/- 3%; p greater than 0.8), but individual patients demonstrated substantial variability. Cardiac output rose less than in normals and increases were brought about primarily by subnormal heart rate increases. High resting and exercise systemic and pulmonary vascular resistance were indicative of limited vasodilator reserve. Despite marked hemodynamic abnormalities, 10 of the 20 subjects had well preserved exercise capacity (greater than or equal to 12 min exercise duration). These patients as a group had significantly lower resting heart rate and higher exercise cardiac output and lower exercise systemic vascular resistance. However, they did not differ from the other patients with respect to resting LV function.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6525778 TI - Effect of intra-aortic balloon pumping on left ventricular function: evaluation by radionuclide ventriculography. AB - The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of intra-aortic balloon pumping (IABP) on left ventricular (LV) performance in ten patients (group I) with pump failure and in ten patients (group II) with angina pectoris. Left ventricular ejection fraction, regional ejection fraction, systolic chordal shortening and volumes were measured by first-pass radionuclide ventriculography using a computerized multicrystal gamma camera. Patients in group I had significantly lower ejection fractions, regional ejection fractions and systolic chordal shortening and larger end-diastolic and end-systolic volumes than patients in group II, both on (p greater than 0.0001) and off (p less than 0.004) IABP. With IABP, the ejection fraction increased by 0 +/- 0.5% in group I and 5.8 +/- 1.7% in group II (p = 0.004); the regional ejection fraction increased by 0.1 +/- 0.9% in group I and 10.3 +/- 2.1% in group II (p = 0.0004); the systolic chordal shortening increased by 1.1 +/- 0.6% in group I and 6.5 +/- 1.1% in group II (p = 0.0006); the end-diastolic volume decreased by -0.4 +/- 6% in group I and -14 +/- 4% in group II (p = 0.07); and the end-systolic volume decreased by -1 +/ 6% in group I and -21 +/- 5% in group II (p = 0.02). Thus, IABP results in improvement in left ventricular performance in patients with angina pectoris but not in patients with pump failure. PMID- 6525779 TI - Relationship between electrocardiographically estimated infarct size and clinical findings in anterior myocardial infarction. AB - In 292 patients with anterior myocardial infarction (MI) and no previous MI the electrocardiographically estimated infarct size was correlated with clinical findings during hospitalization and 3-month follow-up. Patients with ECG-defined transmural MI had a higher incidence of different types of complications, such as congestive heart failure (CHF), hypotension, pericarditis, and a longer duration of hospitalization than patients with nontransmural MI. In a subgroup including 182 patients of the total series, a precordial map containing 24 electrodes was used. The sum of R waves (sigma R), the sum of Q waves (sigma Q), the number of Q waves, and sigma R - sigma Q were calculated 4 days after arrival in hospital to estimate the size of infarction. There was generally a correlation between these ECG variables and different clinical findings, such as incidence of CHF, hypotension, pericarditis, and the duration of hospitalization. It is concluded that the ECG determined infarct size in anterior MI in a majority of patients correlates with the incidence of different types of complications in acute myocardial infarction. In the individual patient, however, the risk of developing complications cannot be predicted by ECG changes. PMID- 6525780 TI - The inaccuracy of aortic valve systolic flutter as a screening test for significant aortic stenosis. AB - The noninvasive assessment of the severity of aortic stenosis is difficult. A recent description of systolic flutter of aortic valve leaflets as a screening test for severe aortic stenosis was applied to a group of patients who had undergone catheterization. As opposed to the previous report, we found this an inaccurate, nonspecific, and insensitive aid for the differentiation of significant versus nonsignificant aortic stenosis; and feel that its validity should be studied further before wide application. PMID- 6525781 TI - Aortic dilatation resulting in chronic aortic regurgitation and complicated by aortic dissection in a patient with Turner's syndrome. AB - A patient with XO Turner's syndrome with a 12-year history of progressive aortic root dilatation resulting in chronic aortic regurgitation is presented. Her case is unique in that it occurred in the absence of coarctation of the aorta, bicuspid aortic valve, or hypertension. Idiopathic dilatation of the aorta may be an additional risk factor to the development of aortic dissection in the setting of Turner's syndrome. PMID- 6525782 TI - A rational and practical approach to clomiphene therapy. PMID- 6525783 TI - Isolation of monoclonal rheumatoid factors in hypergammaglobulinemic purpura. AB - Rheumatoid factors were isolated for immunochemical study by a simple procedure based on immunoadsorption after dissociation of immune complexes. A monoclonal IgA that was not detectable in the patient's unseparated serum was thus demonstrated in one case of hypergammaglobulinemic purpura whereas polyclonal anti-IgG antibodies were isolated in several patients with autoimmune diseases. PMID- 6525784 TI - A comparison of therapies which may influence trace metals in rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Forty-five patients with active rheumatoid arthritis (RA) were treated with D Penicillamine (DPA), zinc sulphate or trien for 24 weeks. Clinical and biochemical assessments were made on eight occasions during the treatment period. Results supported the view that DPA is efficacious causing both clinical and biochemical improvement, whereas zinc sulphate provided clinical benefit in some patients without improving the biochemistry, and trien was ineffective in both respects. The results indicate the need for more thorough investigations of the effect of drugs on trace metal distribution in RA. PMID- 6525785 TI - Roentgenological features of ankylosing spondylitis. A comparison between patients attending hospital and cases selected through an epidemiological survey. AB - A roentgenological comparison between 105 hospital cases (HOSP AS) of ankylosing spondylitis and 27 cases selected through an epidemiological survey (EPI AS) was performed. The male HOSP AS patients exhibited more severe X-ray changes in the sacroiliac joints as compared to male EPI AS patients. The female HOSP AS patients more frequently exhibited lumbar X-ray changes typical of AS when compared to the female EPI AS patients. The main impression from the findings were that more severe and extensive radiological features were present in the AS cases selected through the Department of Rheumatology than in the cases present in the general population. PMID- 6525786 TI - Reflex sympathetic dystrophy syndrome and barbiturates. A study of 25 cases treated with barbiturates compared with 124 cases treated without barbiturates. AB - Amongst 149 cases of reflex sympathetic dystrophy syndrome (RSDS), 25 (16.8%) were being treated with barbiturates at the time the RSDS symptoms began. This group is unusual by the frequent absence of provocative events (32%), a high number of diseased joints, bilaterality (76%), involvement of upper limbs (76%) and Dupuytren's disease (52%). Swift and complete recovery depends mostly on barbiturate withdrawal. These data support the idea that barbiturates may be the principal initiating event in some RSDS. Since unfavorable progress is seen with persistent use of barbiturates, this medication should be recognised early in the course of the disease in order to prevent severe sequels. PMID- 6525787 TI - Febrile polyarthritis and cutaneous nodules. An unusual presentation of a pancreatitis. PMID- 6525788 TI - Coexistence of temporal arteritis/polymyalgia rheumatica and rheumatoid arthritis. AB - A patient with biopsy proven temporal arteritis/polymyalgia rheumatica and erosive rheumatoid arthritis is presented. Only 15 such patients have previously been documented in the literature. The coexistence has been thought to be extremely infrequent, but could merely by chance appear in far more patients than previously reported. PMID- 6525789 TI - Fatal pneumococcal epiglottitis in lupus overlap syndrome. AB - A 35-year-old woman with a six-year history of polymyositis, having developed a vasculitic skin rash in the first trimester of her first pregnancy and biopsy proven lupus glomerulonephritis during the third trimester is described. Investigations performed one month post-partum revealed high DNA binding, the presence of RNP antibodies, a serum CH50 of 0% and a serum C2 of 1%. Despite marked clinical and serological improvement and the reduction of her prednisolone dose to 5 mgs./day, she died at one-year post-partum of acute pneumococcal epiglottitis. PMID- 6525790 TI - Polymyositis associated with several immunological disorders. AB - A case of polymyositis associated with scleroderma, adult coeliac disease, diabetes mellitus and IgA nephropathy is reported in a 33-year-old male. PMID- 6525791 TI - Erosive group G streptococcal arthritis. Case report and review of the literature. AB - A case of Group G streptococcal arthritis in a previously healthy man is reported. The 2nd and 3rd metatarso-phalangeal joints of the left foot were simultaneously affected. Unusual erosive joint destruction occurred in spite of early therapy and clinical improvement. Circulating immune complexes were raised and were not completely normal at 1 year. PMID- 6525792 TI - Fatal post-partum pulmonary vasculitis in systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - A patient with fatal acute pulmonary vasculitis complicating systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) of ten years duration is described. The patient died seven days after an uneventful pregnancy and delivery. Pathologic examination demonstrated acute necrotizing changes as well as organized lesions in pulmonary arteries. Acute pulmonary arteritis is rare in SLE and may develop as one of the major complications of the disease in the potentially dangerous post-partum period. PMID- 6525793 TI - HLA haplotypes in multiple case families with rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 6525794 TI - The kinematics of hip joints: normal functioning. AB - This paper describes the use of an electrogoniometer to measure angular movements of the hip joints of a large number of 'normal' people. The object of the study was to establish a statistically significant data base for the movements of the hip joints during functional activities against which the movements of pathological hips could be compared. The measurement and the analysis used to establish 'normality' in males and females over a wide age range are introduced. The data are examined for the existence of any sex or age related gait variations, and the conclusion is that there are only minor variations. Comparison with pathological hips will be reported later. PMID- 6525795 TI - Experimental evaluation of arterial steal in in vitro models of femoro-tibial bypass with adjuvant arteriovenous shunt. AB - Arteriovenous shunts are now increasingly used with long femoro-tibial grafts in critical ischaemia of the lower limb. This might result in reduction in blood flow to an already compromised tibial artery, a condition known as arterial 'steal'. In vitro models of the femoro-tibial bypass with adjuvant arteriovenous shunt were investigated in terms of flow rate distribution. Results show that arterial steal will occur at high flow rates through the shunt only when a significant proximal stenosis is present. The degree of steal was independent of the configuration and size of the shunts studied. A simple resistance model was used to predict steal under various flow conditions. The clinical significance of the results is discussed. PMID- 6525796 TI - An analysis of the platelet and polyploid megakaryocyte response to acute thrombocytopenia and its biological implications. AB - Thrombocytopenia was induced in rabbit by a single injection of anti-platelet serum. The circulating platelet number and concomitant mean platelet volume were measured 6 h after the injection and daily thereafter. The megakaryocyte nuclear DNA content was measured in control rabbits and after 2 h and 24 h of thrombocytopenia respectively. The observed recovery of circulating platelet number is used to construct the variation of platelet destruction rate and platelet production rate with time during thrombocytopenia. The observed rebound thrombocytosis is explained by using a balance equation of these two rates. Platelet production is linked to the megakaryocyte by physical fragmentation theory and an explanation of the observed variation of mean platelet volume is used to obtain an estimated bleeding time and circulating platelet biomass during recovery from thrombocytopenia. An interpretation is given of the homeostatic control of megakaryocytopoiesis and thrombopoiesis. PMID- 6525797 TI - A feasibility study of microwave thermographic mapping for use during hyperthermia treatment. AB - A study to assess the possible use of a microwave radiometric system for tomographic thermal mapping during hyperthermia treatment has been examined using a computer model. Results indicate that as few as ten waveguide probes in contact with the body may be sufficient for spatial resolution of the heated region. A single probe microwave radiometer has been constructed and used to obtain scan data in a water phantom as an initial stage in the verification of the computer results. PMID- 6525798 TI - Computer-aided digitisation of fundus photographs. AB - A method is described for the analysis of standard retinal colour photographs with the facility to compare accurately photographs taken serially, thus yielding information on the change in the retinal disease over a period of several years. The reproducibility of placement of a microaneurysm on the same photograph by the same observer is equivalent to +/- 6.6 microns at the retina and inter-observer variation is equivalent to +/- 7.2 micron at the retina. Overall accuracy of placement of a point is 10 micron at the retina. PMID- 6525799 TI - A phoswich multidetector probe for measuring tracheal mucus velocity. AB - A simple, reliable, compact and sensitive detection system was required to measure the position as a function of time of local concentrations of tracers tagged with 99Tcm as they are transported up the trachea by mucociliary activity. A multidetector probe to meet these requirements was designed and constructed: it consists of three pairs of NaI(Tl)/CsI(Na) phoswich sandwiches arranged in line so that measurements of response in six positions can be made. Each crystal was 8 mm thick, 1.5 mm deep and formed an arc of 90 degrees with an internal radius of 7 cm. Spatial resolution and background reduction were achieved by pulse height and pulse shape analysis and the use of tungsten parallel-plate collimators. At the face of the collimators the system had a spatial resolution of 9 mm FWHM and a sensitivity of 3.78 X 10(-2) CPS Bq-1 (1400 CPS microCi-1). Background radiation response was typically 1 CPS per crystal. Determinations of tracheal mucus velocity have been made in man. This multidetector probe could be adapted to other velocity measurements over an extended range and for the measurement of activity profiles when high sensitivity is desired. PMID- 6525800 TI - The UK national external quality assessment scheme in blood group serology. Compatibility testing 1981-1982: performance and practice. AB - The design of exercises of compatibility testing was modified in 1981 in order better to accommodate participants' serological practices. Ten reference laboratories were also enrolled in order to determine the 'correct' results for each exercise. In 1981-1982 3.5 to 36% of participants missed incompatibilities in exercises in which undiluted antibodies were issued and this did not represent an improvement over performance obtained in 1979-1980. Surveys were undertaken of antiglobulin test procedures and revealed that serological practices continue to change, old techniques are being modified, new techniques are being employed but standardization shows little overall improvement. Surveys of quality control procedures and of cross-match procedures for agglutination in albumin and for agglutination of enzyme treated cells show equal lack of standardization. PMID- 6525801 TI - Red blood cell membrane-bound IgG: demonstration of antibodies in patients with autoimmune haemolytic anaemia and immune complexes in patients with rheumatic diseases. AB - Immunoglobulin G (IgG) bound in vivo to the surfaces of red blood cells (RBC-IgG) was quantificated by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using the cells themselves as solid phase. The method was applied on RBC from normal subjects, patients with autoimmune haemolytic anaemia (AIHA) and rheumatoid patients with and without circulating immune complexes (CIC). Small amounts of RBC-IgG were detected in normal subjects and rheumatoid patients without CIC. Fifteen out of 16 patients with AIHA had increased RBC-IgG indicating RBC sensitization with IgG antibodies, although only eight patients had a positive direct antiglobulin test (DAT) with anti-IgG. Ten out of 13 rheumatoid patients with a negative DAT and with CIC had increased RBC-IgG suggesting RBC C3 receptor-bound IC. The results provide background for further studies of the significance of RBC-IgG in health and disease. PMID- 6525802 TI - The detection of anti-granulocyte antibodies by chemiluminescence. AB - Ten sera containing polyspecific anti-HLA antibodies, a rabbit antihuman leucocyte antiserum and a monoclonal anti-granulocyte antibody were used in the development of a semi-quantitative technique for the detection of anti granulocyte antibodies. The assay measures the metabolic response of human monocytes to antibody coated (opsonized) granulocytes. Immune complexes were opsonic only in the presence of fresh human serum. Monocyte response was strongly inhibited by normal human serum and purified free immunoglobulin. The assay is simple, rapid and sensitive, and all antibodies investigated were readily detected. PMID- 6525803 TI - Carriers of factor VII deficiency are not always asymptomatic. AB - Seven children, referred because of bleeding symptoms, proved to be heterozygotes for factor VII deficiency. Abnormal bruising was the commonest symptom (6/7), followed by postoperative bleeding (4/7). One case had recurrent epistaxis. Results on the patients and their families are presented. Prothrombin times were prolonged by 2-3 s and factor VII assays ranged from 25 to 55% (mean 38%). The cases are reported because they bled excessively: yet it is usually stated that carriers for factor VII deficiency are symptom-free. One case of homozygous factor VII deficiency is also described: the parents (who are heterozygotes) were symptom-free. PMID- 6525804 TI - The bleeding time: current practice in the UK. AB - A questionnaire survey of current practice in the bleeding time test has been undertaken by the UK External Quality Assessment Scheme in blood coagulation. Completed returns have been received from 358 centres. Most centres (88.5%) perform bleeding times and of these the Ivy test is the most commonly performed. Only 13.6% perform the Duke method. Templates are used to control the procedure by approximately half of the hospitals. There is considerable variability in the type and depth of incision and interpretation of the endpoint. The upper limit of normality not unexpectedly differs considerably between the centres with both Ivy and Duke methods. The use of a commercial template method, 'Simplate', provides a measure of agreement amongst the group of hospitals using this instrument but it remains to be established whether this is the most reliable procedure. In the interim, gross discrepancies in technique or interpretation should be corrected in the light of the findings of the survey. PMID- 6525805 TI - A new modified bovine heterograft for vascular access in haemophiliacs. AB - Because of poor venous access and failure of previous arteriovenous shunts due to thrombosis, two patients with severe coagulapathies had an arteriovenous fistula performed using a new chemically treated bovine carotid artery segment (Solcograft-P). To date, no complications have been noted after 16 and 17 months respectively. This treated heterograft maintains many of the physical characteristics observed in a normal bovine carotid artery. The theoretical advantages for using this heterograft in such patients are discussed. PMID- 6525806 TI - Chromogenic microtitre tray assay for plasminogen. PMID- 6525807 TI - Case report. Successful treatment of chronic cutaneous graft-versus-host-disease (GVHD) with penicillamine. PMID- 6525808 TI - Platelets in pregnancy: racial differences. PMID- 6525809 TI - [New diagnostic and therapeutic possibilities in infections of the urinary tract]. PMID- 6525810 TI - [Use of bacampicillin in the therapy of otorhinolaryngologic infections]. PMID- 6525811 TI - [Evaluation of the efficacy and tolerance of a new non-steroidal anti inflammatory agent, isoxicam]. PMID- 6525812 TI - [Myocardial T1-201 scintigraphy in the study of the development of acute myocardial infarction. Evaluation of the effects of a drug with metabolic action: creatine phosphate]. PMID- 6525813 TI - [Clinical evaluation of fosfomycin in dental infectious pathology]. PMID- 6525814 TI - [Lephetamine in the treatment of postoperative pain]. PMID- 6525815 TI - [The aminoglycosides in gastroenterology]. PMID- 6525817 TI - [Diagnosis of hematurias of a surgical nature]. PMID- 6525816 TI - [Micturition syncope: presentation of a case and review of the literature]. PMID- 6525818 TI - An image processing system for digital chest X-ray images. AB - This paper investigates the requirements for image processing of digital chest X ray images. These images are conventionally recorded on film and are characterised by large size, wide dynamic range and high resolution. X-ray detection systems are now becoming available for capturing these images directly in photoelectronic-digital form. In this report, the hardware and software facilities required for handling these images are described. These facilities include high resolution digital image displays, programmable video look up tables, image stores for image capture and processing and a full range of software tools for image manipulation. Examples are given of the application of digital image processing techniques to this class of image. PMID- 6525819 TI - Antioxidants in cosmetics. AB - Antioxidants are commonly added to cosmetics. Allergy to these substances will be missed unless specifically looked for. During a 2-year period, patients with facial dermatitis have been routinely tested with butylhydroxyanisole and tertiary butylhydroquinone. 7 patients are reported who have been shown to have an allergic contact dermatitis to an antioxidant in their cosmetics or toiletries. PMID- 6525820 TI - Influence of the vehicle on elicitation of contact allergic reactions to acrylic compounds in the guinea pig. AB - Many factors can influence the elicitation of hypersensitivity reactions in guinea pigs and humans. The effect which the vehicle might have on the test response in guinea pigs sensitized with various acrylic compounds, using the "guinea pig maximization test", has been investigated. A marked decrease in the number of positive animals was seen when acetone was used as test vehicle, compared to petrolatum. The same result was seen with alcohol as vehicle, when neopentyl glycol diacrylate (NPGDA) was used as an acrylic monomer model. The patch test locations on the guinea pig flank, also affected the test response. Half of the animals did not react when challenged near the abdomen, compared to a test site near the back. By means of HPLC-analysis, the possible adsorption of the acrylic monomer to the aluminium chamber or filter paper disc, was analysed. Our findings did not indicate that adsorption occurs. A decrease in the amount of acrylic monomer in the chamber with increasing time, was noted. There was a marked difference in the monomer residue between solutions with (darkness) and without (daylight) inhibitor. The monomer decrease was also more affected by an aluminium surface than a glass or filter paper surface. Aluminium oxide probably enhances the polymerization process. The discrepancy between the test results in this study, when petrolatum and acetone were used as test vehicles, is due to a polymerization process of the acrylic compounds. Thus, the petrolatum vehicle probably prevents polymerization of the acrylic monomer. PMID- 6525821 TI - Prediction of patch test results. AB - Test on 100 consecutive patients, 59 with a suspected allergen and 41 with eczema or contact dermatitis without a suspected allergen, yielded 23 unsuspected positives in 17 patients. The clinical diagnosis was not confirmed in 27 of the 59 cases with suspected allergens. PMID- 6525822 TI - Amount of nickel applied with a standard patch test. AB - The concentration of nickel sulphate was determined in 9-16 mg test samples from commercially available patch test antigens. With two different manufacturers of 2.5% nickel sulphate in pet, the concentration range of 25 samples was 0.7 and 1.1% (+/- 2 SD) respectively, and with one manufacturer of 5.0% nickel sulphate in pet, the range was +/- 0.5%. In a normal patch test, the volume of patch test material applied with the Finn chamber technique should be 12-18 microliter (9-16 mg), but has been found to range between 9 and 50 microliter. Thus the amount of nickel applied in standard patch tests varies within at least 6-fold limits. PMID- 6525824 TI - Contact allergy to oleamidopropyl dimethylamine. AB - Contact allergy to the cationic emulsifier oleamidopropyl dimethylamine was demonstrated in 3 patients. In every case the emulsifier was present in a particular brand of body lotion. Patch test concentrations of 0.1% and 0.5% in water are proposed; slightly higher concentrations may induce irritant responses. Although these are the first documented cases of contact allergy to oleamidopropyl dimethylamine, it is argued that hypersensitivity to this compound may not be rare. PMID- 6525823 TI - Contact stomatitis and dermatitis to nickel and palladium. AB - 17 subjects were tested epicutaneously with 22 materials, including Ni, Pd, Cr and Co. 5 subjects with a positive allergic skin reaction to Ni were tested with a pure metallic nickel plate 3 X 5 mm, which was attached to the buccal side of one lower premolar. These 5 subjects all developed local allergic contact stomatitis on the mucosa of the cheek adjacent to the metal plate. This was confirmed histologically. The same oral test with pure metallic palladium gave no reaction in subjects with a positive patch test. A control group gave no reactions to the metal plates. Allergic contact stomatitis was diagnosed with the help of both clinical and histological examinations. PMID- 6525825 TI - Patch testing in children (II). Results and case reports. AB - The results of 10 years of patch testing in children aged 3-16 years are reported. The commonest allergens found were nickel, cobalt, para-dyes and chromate. 26 cases are recorded in detail. PMID- 6525826 TI - Dermatitis from propolis. PMID- 6525827 TI - Immediate-type hypersensitivity to Crataegus monogyna (hawthorn). PMID- 6525828 TI - Diminution of immediate reactions to cinnamic aldehyde by eugenol. PMID- 6525830 TI - Cardiocirculatory function in renal disease. International workshop. Strasbourg, September 19-21, 1983. PMID- 6525829 TI - Contact urticaria from rubber gloves after dermatitis from thiurams. PMID- 6525831 TI - Control of renal hemodynamics by intrarenal mechanisms. PMID- 6525832 TI - Assessment of autonomic neuropathy in diabetic and nondiabetic uremic patients using tests of cardiovascular reflex function. PMID- 6525834 TI - Control of blood pressure in patients treated by maintenance hemodialysis. Efficacy of dialysis and contribution of antihypertensive drugs. PMID- 6525833 TI - Vagal function in patients with chronic renal failure. PMID- 6525835 TI - Hemodynamic effects of thyroid hormone. PMID- 6525836 TI - Effect of K+ depletion on renal and systemic hemodynamics. PMID- 6525837 TI - Hemodynamic modifications induced by head out water immersion in nonuremic and uremic subjects. PMID- 6525838 TI - Regulation of cardiac output in cardiac failure. PMID- 6525840 TI - Aspects of the myocardial function in chronic renal failure. PMID- 6525839 TI - Parathyroid hormone and uremic myocardiopathy. PMID- 6525841 TI - High cardiac output in uremic patients with acute pulmonary edema. PMID- 6525842 TI - Endurance exercise in hemodialysis patients. Effects on the sympathetic nervous system and serum glucose regulation. PMID- 6525843 TI - Distribution of isoproterenol action sites between the microvessels and glomeruli isolated from rabbit kidney cortex. PMID- 6525844 TI - Importance of impaired exercise tolerance in patients on renal replacement therapy. PMID- 6525845 TI - Rest and exercise response of left ventricular functions of patients on maintenance hemodialysis with and without cornary artery disease. PMID- 6525846 TI - Noninvasive exploration of myocardial function in hemodialysis patients. Comparison of three methods. PMID- 6525847 TI - Bimodal behavior of left ventricular function during hemodialysis. Echocardiographic study. PMID- 6525848 TI - Slow-release nifedipine for treatment of arterial hypertension in patients with chronic renal failure. PMID- 6525849 TI - Cardiovascular-related causes of death and the fate of patients with renovascular disease. PMID- 6525850 TI - Disturbances of lipid metabolism in uremic rats. PMID- 6525851 TI - Apolipoprotein pattern in patients with chronic renal failure. PMID- 6525852 TI - Early changes of plasma lipid status and glucose tolerance during the course of chronic renal failure. PMID- 6525853 TI - Atherogenesis in uremia. PMID- 6525854 TI - Autoregulation of renal blood flow and renin release in glomerulonephritic rats with nephron loss. PMID- 6525855 TI - Circulating platelet aggregates. A contributing factor to hemodialysis hypoxemia? PMID- 6525856 TI - Effect of sodium dialysate concentration on the extracellular fluid distribution during hemodialysis. PMID- 6525857 TI - Cardiovascular adaptation to dialysis in healthy man. PMID- 6525859 TI - Increase of stroke index by acetate hemodialysis. PMID- 6525858 TI - Effects of acetate or bicarbonate haemodialysis on cardiocirculatory function and acid-base balance. PMID- 6525861 TI - Vascular stability and temperature monitoring in patients prone to dialysis induced hypotension. PMID- 6525860 TI - Hemodynamic and prostaglandin level changes during acetate hemodialysis versus bicarbonate hemodialysis. PMID- 6525863 TI - Effects of haemodialysis and haemofiltration on myocardial function. PMID- 6525862 TI - Vascular stability and heat in dialysis patients. PMID- 6525864 TI - Baroreflex in patients undergoing hemodialysis and hemofiltration. PMID- 6525865 TI - Transport of adenosine by kidney brush border vesicles. PMID- 6525866 TI - Haemodynamic effects of noradrenaline and isoprenaline in chronic renal failure. PMID- 6525868 TI - Hemodynamic response to chronic anemia in renal failure. PMID- 6525867 TI - Hypertension in IgA glomerulonephritis. PMID- 6525869 TI - Lipid abnormalities in patients with different degrees of chronic renal failure. PMID- 6525870 TI - Bicarbonate dialysis. Long-term results on vascular stability and dialysis tolerance of single pass and recirculating therapy. PMID- 6525871 TI - Hemodynamic changes during hemofiltration and hemodialysis. Results of animal experiments. PMID- 6525872 TI - Continuous automatic monitoring of ECG and blood pressure in hemodialysis patients. PMID- 6525873 TI - Autonomic component in hypertension accompanying renal failure. PMID- 6525874 TI - Plasma catecholamines and vascular reactivity in uremic and dialysis patients. PMID- 6525875 TI - HLA antigens and the complement system in essential hypertension. AB - Heredity factors are of great importance in the pathogenesis of essential hypertension, but their role was until recently not reliably proved. It was only after research into histocompatibility antigens that it was possible to discover the genetic determination of a number of diseases. The purpose of the study was to reveal the genetic factors raising the risk of essential hypertension (EH). In the population of Russian nationality in Moscow, suffering from EH, HLA antigens and certain complement components were investigated. The results showed an increased frequency of HLA-A11, HLA-B13 and HLA-Bw22. However, blood C3c and C4 concentration was in the studied group of patients significantly elevated, which attests to a possible participation of the complement system in the development of EH as a factor causing vasoconstriction. The results confirm the need for further study of the immunogenetic profile of patients with EH in order to clarify certain aspects of the pathogenesis of EH. PMID- 6525876 TI - Physical exercise inducing electrophysiological changes in the atria: sympathetic mediated effects? AB - Rats were subjected to long-term physical exercise by swimming and their hearts were examined electrophysiologically in order to identify relevant factors as mechanisms of protection from rhythm disturbances. The role of catecholamines was also studied using a chronically applied beta-adrenergic blocking drug, Practolol, or a catecholamine depleting drug, Reserpine. The results were compared with those obtained in rats similarly injected but kept in sedentary life. Action potential duration was found to be prolonged in trained animals regardless of the drug employed. Trained animals showed increments in the myocardial mass. Prolongation of the action potential coincided with lower values for maximum follow frequencies. It is suggested that the effects elicited could protect the heart against rhythm disturbances. The sympathetic nervous system seemed to play no important role. PMID- 6525877 TI - The Emory mouse cataract: changes in the beta and gamma-crystallins during aging and cataractogenesis as revealed by isoelectric focusing of the native soluble proteins. AB - Isoelectric focusing on ultra-thin polyacrylamide gels was employed to study alterations in the distribution patterns of soluble beta and gamma-crystallins during the development of cataract in the Emory (EM) mouse. These alterations were compared with corresponding changes occurring in clear control lenses of the same age from the cataract-resistant (CR) strain. At two months of age both strains gave similar patterns. At four and fourteen months the EM lens showed depressed beta peaks compared to the CR lens. At fourteen months the EM lens had reduced gamma 2 and gamma 5 compared with the CR lens. At twenty-four months the EM lens had all gamma's markedly reduced, especially gamma 5, with the complete disappearance of gamma 4 which was however still present in the CR lens at twenty six months. At twenty-four months the EM lens had a relatively large amount of beta 5 but no beta 5a or beta 5b; the latter two were present in the CR lens surrounding beta 5 which was less prominent than in the EM lens. The decrease in gamma's in the twenty-four months EM lens was approximately equalled by an apparent increase in beta's. Of the above changes only the decrease in beta's at four months can be considered precataractous and perhaps a primary change in cataractogenesis. The later changes in both beta and gamma may be secondary although they are certainly at least associated with cataractogenesis. The invariable decrease in gamma with age is noticeably accelerated in cataractogenesis. PMID- 6525878 TI - Patterns in effects of sulfhydryl reagents on transport in bovine lens. AB - Active fluxes of Na+ and Rb+ and mediated transport of organic nutrients in the bovine lens were inhibited by five sulfhydryl reagents, whereas that of inorganic ions was increased, with the exception of the ouabain-resistant component of Na+, which was not significantly altered. The changes produced by the reagents indicate that cysteinyl residues are essential for normal operation of most of the transport systems investigated. The variable effectiveness of the reagents on transport of some of the solutes may provide information on the microenvironment of critical sulfhydryl residues in the transporters: that for glucose, adenosine, and influx of Ca++ appears to be hydrophobic; for acetate and influx of Na+, hydrophilic. Comparison of the rates of inactivation of influx via the L-system of 1-aminocyclopentane-1-carboxylate indicates that p chloromercuriphenylsulfonate is most effective, inhibiting almost completely in 10 minutes. There was no significant lag in inhibition by the selective glutathione oxidants, tert-butylhydroperoxide and diazinedicarboxylic acid-bis (N,N-dimethylamide), indicating that they either rapidly oxidize glutathione in superficial cellular elements, or, less probably, act directly on the transporter. PMID- 6525879 TI - Measurement of aqueous humor flow with scanning ocular fluorophotometers. AB - A one-dimensional scanning fluorophotometer (Fluorotron Master) and a two dimensional scanning fluorophotometer (McLaren and Brubaker) were used to measure rate of aqueous humor flow in normal volunteers. The precision of three protocols of dye application and flow determination was investigated. In all three protocols rate of flow was determined by observing the rate of disappearance of topically-applied fluorescein during an 8-hour period. The three protocols studied were: 1) Two drops of 10% fluorescein washed away five minutes later immediately before beginning measurements of fluorescence. 2) Application of 0.25% fluorescein every 5 minutes for 30 minutes, 6 hours before beginning measurements. 3) Iontophoresis for 7 seconds and irrigation of eye immediately before beginning measurements. Rate of flow was calculated by the methods of Jones and Maurice. The results were compared to measurements made with a slit lamp fluorophotometer using the technique described by Coakes and Brubaker. The most satisfactory method of measuring flow when either scanning fluorophotometer was employed was to instill fluorescein many hours before measurements begin (protocol 2). PMID- 6525880 TI - Identification of two of the major phosphorylated polypeptides of the bovine lens utilizing a lens cAMP-dependent protein kinase system. AB - Two of the major in vitro phosphorylated polypeptides of the bovine lens have been identified. Analysis by means of two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (IEF) has demonstrated that the lens phosphorylated 57,000 and 43,000 dalton polypeptides correspond in mobility to purified phosphorylated bovine lens vimentin and chicken gizzard actin, respectively. Purified actin and vimentin were phosphorylated by a partially purified cAMP-dependent protein kinase isolated from the outer cortex water soluble fraction. All detectable bovine lens vimentin isoelectric variants were phosphorylated. In both the lens fiber cell and chicken gizzard actin preparations, the phosphorylated actin isoelectric variants did not correspond in mobility to the major actin isoelectric variant, but were more acidic. Phosphorylation in all preparations occurred at serine residues. PMID- 6525881 TI - Separation of human tear proteins by high performance liquid chromatography. AB - The optimal conditions for separating human tear proteins by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) using a Waters I-125 gel filtration column were investigated. Several elution buffers were tested including phosphate buffer alone and phosphate buffer to which varying amounts of NaCl or 0.1% Tween was added. The combination of phosphate buffer (pH 5.28), 0.5 M NaCl and 0.1% Tween gave the best resolution and a recovery of 90% of the proteins applied. Tear lactoferrin was shown to adhere to the column packing when the molarity of the elution buffer was not high enough. Using optimal conditions, the tear proteins IgA, lactoferrin and lysozyme were identified in distinct peaks after a preparative HPLC run. When used in combination with Schirmer strips as a tear sampling method, HPLC was shown to be a rapid, simple and reproducible way of investigating the composition of tear proteins. PMID- 6525882 TI - Precocious synthesis of oestrogen-induced vitellogenin by embryos pre-treated with thyroid hormones. AB - Treatment of 9-day-old chicken embryos with oestrogen results in only barely detectable amounts of induced vitellogenin being present in their sera after 13 days of incubation. Readily detectable amounts of vitellogenin are normally first seen in sera at 16 days of incubation (oestrogen having been administered at 12 days of incubation). However, pre-treatment of such embryos (those above) with thyroxine (T4) at 6-8 days of incubation results in substantial amounts of vitellogenin being present in sera of 14-day-old embryos, with slight increases being detected on the 13th day. Pre-treatment of 6 to 8 day-old chicken embryos with T4 also permits induction by oestrogenic substances of substantial amounts of very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) in sera after 13 days of incubation. Without pre-treatment with T4, oestrogen given at 9 days of incubation provokes only a moderately increased increment of VLDL by 13 days of incubation. PMID- 6525883 TI - Resorption of microtubules and nucleus during the encystation process in Echinosphaerium nucleofilum. AB - The cyst formation process was investigated in a large heliozoan Echinosphaerium nucleofilum, with particular reference to the resorption of axonemal microtubules and nuclei into the cytoplasm. As the encystation proceeded, the axonemal microtubules were found to disassemble from their distal ends by being surrounded or invaded with many tubular vesicles, followed by detaching at their proximal ends from the nuclear envelope and by disassembling completely at the final stage. On the other hand, several nuclei were found to be enclosed by large vacuoles before they were destroyed or digested and finally absorbed into the cytoplasm. At this stage, one or two large multi-layered bodies were formed inside the nucleus. The meanings of the resorption of microtubules and nuclei were considered and discussed. PMID- 6525884 TI - Amiloride inhibition of triiodothyronine stimulated hepatocyte proliferation in vivo, and involvement of the intracellular Na+ content in mitotic regulation: an X-ray microanalytic study. AB - Energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis was carried out on the nuclei of hepatocytes stimulated to proliferate by the injection of a pharmacological dose of triiodothyronine (T3). The Na+ content displayed a continuous time-dependent increase in T3 stimulated animals. The Cl- concentration followed the same pattern as did the sodium, but its increase was lower. In contrast to Na+ and Cl- concentrations, the alteration in K+ content displayed a slight but statistically significant decrease at 8 h and 16 h from T3 injection and returned to the control levels by 22 h. The modifications of the Na+ and K+ content of the nuclei are reflected in their Na+:K+ molar ratios. A positive correlation was found between the increase of this parameter and the DNA synthesis rate of T3 stimulated hepatocytes. Amiloride was able to inhibit the stimulatory effect of the hormone, blocking the increase of both the intranuclear Na+:K+ ratio and of the DNA synthesis rate of hepatocytes. The findings are consistent with the hypothesis that a high Na+ content is associated with mitogenesis and, moreover, that an increased Na+ influx plays a causal role in regulating cell proliferation. PMID- 6525885 TI - Post-vagotomy changes in the ultrastructure of the thyroid gland and circulating levels of its hormones in the pigeon. AB - Pigeons subjected to bilateral cervical vagotomy, were investigated for changes in the ultrastructure of the thyroid and circulating levels of the thyroid hormones, T4 and T3. Vagotomy caused pronounced activation of the thyroid follicular cells which was characterized by considerable enlargement of the cells, increase in colloid droplets, mitochondria, lysosomes and microvilli, and a well developed Golgi complex. As for the blood levels of T4 and T3, there was significant decrease in T4, but an increase in T3. These changes have been attributed to the absence of the inhibitory influence of the parasympathetic tone caused by vagotomy. PMID- 6525886 TI - The pictorial scale of perceived competence and social acceptance for young children. AB - A new pictorial scale of perceived competence and social acceptance for young children, a downward extension of the Perceived Competence Scale for Children, is described. There are 2 versions of this instrument, 1 for preschoolers and kindergartners and a second for first and second graders, each tapping 4 domains: cognitive competence, physical competence, peer acceptance, and maternal acceptance. Factor analyses reveal a 2-factor solution. The first factor, general competence, is defined by the cognitive and physical competence subscales. The second factor, social acceptance, comprises the peer and maternal acceptance subscales. The psychometric properties were found to be acceptable. Weak correlations between children's and teachers' judgments are discussed in terms of the young child's tendency to confuse the wish to be competent or accepted with reality. It is urged that this instrument not be viewed as a general self-concept scale but be treated as a measure of 2 separate constructs, perceived competence and social acceptance. PMID- 6525887 TI - The illusion of incompetence among academically competent children. AB - To assess the relation between children's perceptions of cognitive competence and their achievement orientations, a group of 117 academically competent fifth graders and their teachers were administered a battery of questionnaires tapping a variety of motivational constructs. The children were then divided into low, average, and high groups on the basis of subscale scores on a standardized measure of perceived cognitive competence. Approximately 20%--equal proportions of girls and boys--had self-perceptions that seriously underestimated their actual high abilities. When compared to the children whose self-perceptions were commensurate with their abilities, the children with low perceived competence were shown to adopt lower standards and expectancies for success, to perceive that their teachers expected less of them (confirmed by the teachers' expectancy ratings), to rank unstable effort as a more important cause of their high grades than ability, and to be portrayed by their teachers as lacking in persistence. Very few sex differences emerged. Several theoretical issues are raised regarding the early acquisition, perpetuation, causal significance, and behavioral manifestations of inaccurate and disparaging self-perceptions among young children. PMID- 6525888 TI - Development of analogical problem-solving skill. AB - 3 experiments were performed to assess children's ability to solve a problem by analogy to a superficially dissimilar situation. Preschoolers and fifth and sixth graders were asked to solve a problem that allowed multiple solutions. Some subjects were first read a story that included an analogous problem and its solution. When the mapping between the relations involved in the corresponding solutions was relatively simple, and the corresponding instruments were perceptually and functionally similar, even preschoolers were able to use the analogy to derive a solution to the transfer problem (Experiment 1). Furthermore, salient similarity of the instruments was neither sufficient (Experiment 2) nor necessary (Experiment 3) for success by preschool subjects. When the story analog mapped well onto the transfer problem, 4-year-olds were often able to generate a solution that required transformation of an object with little perceptual or semantic similarity to the instrument used in the base analog (Experiment 3). The older children used analogies in a manner qualitatively similar to that observed in comparable studies with adults (Experiment 1), whereas the younger children exhibited different limitations. PMID- 6525889 TI - Development of time quantification: integration and nonintegration of beginnings and endings in comparing durations. AB - This study investigated how children handle time information when deducing durations of events. In an elaboration of the commonly used choice paradigm to study children's time concepts, pairs of durations were presented in a 4 beginning lags X 4 ending lags design in 2 different problem series. Children's task was to equalize the durations of the 2 events by restarting 1 event for a certain time. The normative rule, quantification of duration differences in beginnings and endings and their integration by addition or subtraction, began to predominate at the age of 10 years and was the only rule employed by 13-year olds. In contrast, almost all 7-year-olds simplified the task to an ordinal level. 4 different nonalgebraic rules were identified, each placing more importance on endings than on beginnings. Neither young children's tendency to simplify nor older children's capacity to quantify could be detected in previous studies, because they investigated time concepts on an ordinal level only. In light of the present findings, previous notions on the development of time concepts in children have to be reevaluated. PMID- 6525890 TI - Memory demands and the development of young children's memory. AB - The primary purposes of this study were to determine the nature of and changes in early memory demands and to assess the relationship between memory demands and memory performance. 10 children at each of 2 ages--30 and 42 months--were observed in their homes for 4 2-hour sessions. Conversations between mothers and children were recorded and mother's memory-demand questions were coded for form and content from these conversations. Question form referred to whether recall or recognition was required and question content to the type of information requested--event or knowledge. Children also participated in 2 long-term memory tasks--production and verification. They were shown a dollhouse and asked to produce the names of objects that would belong in 2 rooms of the house and to verify whether particular miniature replicas of household objects belonged in the rooms. Although memory demands were frequently made, there were few changes between age 2 and 3 in the incidence or types of questions children were asked. At age 3, positive correlations were found between children's production and verification performance and content rather than form of mothers' memory-demand questions. At age 2 no overall relationships were found. Children were retested a year later on memory tasks, and for both age groups memory demands and performance were positively correlated even when initial memory-performance level was controlled. These results, along with other patterns in the data, suggested that mothers' memory demands have an impact on children's memory performance that provides at least partial support for Vygotsky's sociohistorical model of memory development. PMID- 6525891 TI - Hyperactivity and incidental memory: evidence for attentional diffusion. AB - 2 experiments examined hyperactive children's attentional diffusion, that is, their tendency to underfocus their attention during learning. In Experiment 1 hyperactive children correctly rejected more incorrect incidental information than their nonhyperactive peers, indicating they were more likely to process noncentral attributes. This type of diffuse attention did not interfere with hyperactive children's overall memory performance. Experiment 2 varied the difficulty level of encoding central information, either by limiting the time available for encoding it (brief vs. long) or by varying the meaningfulness of the central information (high associative value shapes vs. low associative value ones). Results showed that hyperactives outperformed nonhyperactives on incidental recognition only when the encoding demands of the central task were easy. Easy encoding permitted them to attend to incidental information without sacrificing central information. Taken together, the results of both experiments demonstrated the validity of the attentional diffusion hypothesis and indicate the need to assess the central processing demands associated with central and incidental learning in order to evaluate the extent of hyperactive children's attentional diffusion. PMID- 6525892 TI - An information-processing analysis of children's accuracy in predicting the appearance of rotated stimuli. AB - Children's ability to discriminate reflections and rotations of visual stimuli was examined using a kinetic imagery task. It was hypothesized that success would be related to the number and placement of orientation markers on the stimuli, as well as whether or not reflections had to be discriminated from simple rotations. 40 4- and 5-year-old children were directed to imagine how a stimulus would look if rotated to a specified location and asked to indicate the appearance of the reoriented stimulus by selecting the correct option from a number of foils. 48 of the items required only discrimination of a reoriented stimulus. The other 48 also required discrimination of a reflection of the reoriented stimulus. Stimuli differed in the number of orientation cues on the edges of the figures. Results revealed that prediction accuracy was associated with the existence of orientation markers on the stimuli, as well as age, sex, type of discrimination, and several interactions among the variables. Findings were discussed in comparison to a priori predictions based on an analysis of how children might use orientation information when performing mental rotation tasks. PMID- 6525893 TI - Noncontingent stimulation, stimulus familiarization, and subsequent learning in young infants. AB - 2 experiments assessed the effects of prior noncontingent or familiarization experience on subsequent operant conditioning (kick-produced mobile movement) in young infants. In Experiment 1, infants received either long- or short-term noncontingent exposure to their own rotating mobile or simply viewed this mobile for several days while it remained motionless. In Experiment 2, long-term exposure was provided by the same novel mobile used for subsequent training. In both experiments, prior noncontingent experience did not interfere with subsequent conditioning. In Experiment 2, however, simple long-term familiarization with the training mobile precluded "evidence" of learning. The results indicated that infants develop expectancies regarding how stimuli occurring in particular contexts should behave based on their prior experiences with these stimuli. PMID- 6525894 TI - Perception of child, child-rearing values, and emotional distress as mediating links between environmental stressors and observed maternal behavior. AB - This observational study of 74 families investigated 3 areas of maternal psychological functioning (emotional distress, authoritarian child-rearing values, negative perceptions of children) that might mediate the relationship between 3 separate dimensions of family demographic characteristics, conceptualized as chronic environmental stressors (i.e., financial, structural, and historical circumstances), and the emotionally affective behavior of mothers. Demographic conditions accounted for 52.9% of the variance in mothers' psychological characteristics and as much as 36.6% of the variance in positive and negative behaviors to children. The psychological characteristics explained as much as 15.1% of the variance in maternal behavior. Both chronic stress and the psychological variables had an independent influence on the general emotional tone of maternal behavior. The findings provide tentative support for the conclusion that the psychological characteristics examined here partially mediate the influence of some demographic or stressful life conditions on the positive and negative behaviors of mothers. PMID- 6525895 TI - Compound kinetochores of the Indian muntjac. Evolution by linear fusion of unit kinetochores. AB - The chromosomes of the Indian muntjac (Muntiacus muntjak vaginalis) are unique among mammals due to their low diploid number (2N = 6 female, 7 male) and large size. It has been proposed that the karyotype of this small Asiatic deer evolved from a related deer the Chinese muntjac (Muntiacus reevesi) with a diploid chromosome number of 2n = 46 consisting of small telocentric chromosomes. In this study we utilized a kinetochore-specific antiserum derived from human patients with the autoimmune disease scleroderma CREST as an immunofluorescent probe to examine kinetochores of the two muntjac species. Since CREST antiserum binds to kinetochores of mitotic chromosomes as well as prekinetochores in interphase nuclei, it was possible to identify and compare kinetochore morphology throughout the cell cycle. Our observations indicated that the kinetochores of the Indian muntjac are composed of a linear beadlike array of smaller subunits that become revealed during interphase. The kinetochores of the Chinese muntjac consisted of minute fluorescent dots located at the tips of the 46 telocentric chromosomes. During interphase, however, the kinetochores of the Chinese muntjac clustered into small aggregates reminiscent of the beadlike arrays seen in the Indian muntjac. Morphometric measurements of fluorescence indicated an equivalent amount of stained material in the two species. Our observations indicate that the kinetochores of the Indian muntjac are compound structures composed of linear arrays of smaller units the size of the individual kinetochores seen on metaphase chromosomes of the Chinese muntjac. Our study supports the notion that the kinetochores of the Indian muntjac evolved by linear fusion of unit kinetochores of the Chinese muntjac. Moreover, it is concluded that the evolution of compound kinetochores may have been facilitated by the non-random aggregation of interphase kinetochores in the nuclei of the ancestral species. PMID- 6525896 TI - Gene mapping in marsupials and monotremes. I. The chromosomes of rodent-marsupial (Macropus) cell hybrids, and gene assignments to the X chromosome of the grey kangaroo. AB - Somatic cell genetic mapping of marsupial and monotreme species will greatly extend the power of comparative gene mapping to detect ancient mammalian gene arrangements. The use of eutherian-marsupial cell hybrids for such mapping is complicated by the frequent retention of deleted and rearranged marsupial chromosomes. We used staining techniques, involving the fluorochromes Hoechst 33258 and chromomycin A3, to facilitate rapid and unequivocal identification of marsupial chromosomes and chromosome segments and to make chromosome assignment and regional localization of marsupial genes possible. Chromosome segregation in rodent-macropod hybrids was consistent with preferential loss of the marsupial complement. The extent of loss was very variable. Some hybrids retained 30% of the marsupial complement; some retained small centric fragments; and some, no cytologically identifiable marsupial material. We examined the chromosomes and gene products of a number of rodent-grey kangaroo Macropus giganteus hybrids, and have assigned the genes Pgk-A (phosphoglycerate kinase-A), Hpt (Hypoxanthine phosphoribosyl transferase), and Gpd (Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase) to the long arm of the kangaroo X chromosome, and provisionally established the gene order Pgk-A--Hpt--Gpd. PMID- 6525897 TI - [Clinical efficacy of intravenous amiodarone in the treatment of cardiac arrhythmia]. PMID- 6525898 TI - [Cause of hospital death in acute myocardial infarction]. PMID- 6525899 TI - [Etiological study on chronic and post-transfusion hepatitis]. PMID- 6525901 TI - [Clinical and immunological analysis of ankylosing spondylitis and rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 6525900 TI - [Cancer of the gastric stump--analysis of 33 cases]. PMID- 6525902 TI - [Propranolol in the primary therapy of thyrotoxicosis]. PMID- 6525903 TI - [The correlation between blood and urine sugar contents and their variations with age]. PMID- 6525904 TI - [Mica-induced lung damage]. PMID- 6525905 TI - [Size distribution of benzo(a)pyrene in airborne particulates]. PMID- 6525906 TI - [Comment on the method using mean onset age for analyzing data on physical development]. PMID- 6525907 TI - [Short-term cell transformation tests for N,N'-methylene-bis(2-amino-1,3,4 thiadiazole), N,N'-methylene-bis- (2-amino-5-sulfhydryl-1,3,4-thiazole) and relation with sister chromatid exchange and chromosome aberration]. PMID- 6525908 TI - [Several probability distributions applied to the dominant lethal mutation test]. PMID- 6525909 TI - [X-ray analysis of bone in the mandibles of workers exposed to phosphorus and its inorganic compounds]. PMID- 6525910 TI - [Simplified methods of determining the peak hour and periodicity index of human microfilaria]. PMID- 6525911 TI - [A survey on daily total fluoride intake and urinary excretion of residents in a fluoridated area]. PMID- 6525912 TI - [A preliminary study of food poisoning by Bacillus brevis Migula]. PMID- 6525913 TI - [Phosphoantimony molybdic acid-polyethylene glycol-peacock green in the determination of phosphates and total phosphorus in water]. PMID- 6525914 TI - [Determination of urinary chromium by using 1,5-diphenylcarbazide colorimetry]. PMID- 6525916 TI - [Determination of cadmium by a ZH type graphite tube]. PMID- 6525915 TI - [Improvement in the determination of trace iodine in water by cerium sulfate catalysis]. PMID- 6525917 TI - [Determination of dicyclohexylamine nitrate in the air]. PMID- 6525918 TI - [Study of toxicokinetics of 35S-padan derivatives in four routes of administration]. PMID- 6525919 TI - [Environmental electromagnetic fields around television towers]. PMID- 6525920 TI - [Test for the homogeneity of two-factor analysis (without repeat) of variance]. PMID- 6525921 TI - [Mercury poisoning and the occupational health of mercury miners]. PMID- 6525923 TI - [Logistic regression model and its application to case-control studies]. PMID- 6525922 TI - [Acute food poisoning caused by eating the viscera of Spheroides vermicularis]. PMID- 6525924 TI - [Studies on the chemical properties of fly ash and coal samples from two Chinese power plants]. PMID- 6525925 TI - [Mutagenicity and teratogenicity studies of fenitrothion]. PMID- 6525926 TI - [Mushroom poisoning (Inocybe asterospora Quel.)--report of 3 cases]. PMID- 6525927 TI - [Removal of fluoride from drinking water by activated aluminum oxide]. PMID- 6525928 TI - [Determination of trace arsenic in drinking water by a colorimetric method]. PMID- 6525929 TI - [Preparation and application of a sample digestion instrument]. PMID- 6525930 TI - [The determination of chemical oxygen consumption in water]. PMID- 6525931 TI - [Determination of trace Cr(VI) in water by tributyl phosphate extraction]. PMID- 6525932 TI - Pathogenesis of metabolic alterations in renal failure. AB - New knowledge and trends in research of renal failure have opened new vistas not only in understanding its pathogenesis, but also in developing its therapy. It has been, shown, however, that the knowledge accumulated, namely the characterization of so far unknown modulators is of importance also for the therapy of diseases of other organ systems. Moreover, the knowledge of receptors of competent endogenous regulators has created the conditions for synthesis of their analogues and thereby for development of agonists and antagonists. These are extraordinary significant trends, the development of which is desirable to be speeded up to the maximum. PMID- 6525933 TI - Prognostic factors in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. AB - In respect to literary data, we tried to evaluate some qualitative and quantitative indices for prognosis of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). In the group of 117 patients we evaluated prognostic parameter proposed by Jaksic and Vitale, which takes into consideration so-called total tumour mass (TTM). In the group of patients investigated we did not succeed in confirmation of prognostic value of TTM scoring as determined at the time of CLL diagnosis. However, investigation of doubling time of total tumour mass (DT TTM) appeared to be more important. To determine reliable prognostic criteria for CLL, however, complex cooperative study on the greater group of patients is necessary. PMID- 6525934 TI - The qualitative comparative analysis of the visual field using computer assisted, semi-automated and manual instrumentation: I. Scoring system. AB - Previous methods for the qualitative evaluation of visual field instruments are subject to certain limitations. A system is proposed to overcome these deficiencies. It has been developed from experiences of a clinical study involving 5 different visual field instruments. The method uses 4 levels of analysis and permits separate appraisals of diagnostic potential and detailed inter-instrument comparative evaluation. PMID- 6525935 TI - The qualitative comparative analysis of the visual field using computer assisted, semi-automated and manual instrumentation: II. Statistical analysis. AB - A comparative evaluation of the Octopus automated perimeter (Programmes 21 and 31), the Goldmann Bowl perimeter, the Bjerrum Screen and the Friedmann VFAs MkI and MkII was carried out on a heterogeneous sample of 75 patients. The results for the sample as a whole were analysed statistically in terms of the scoring system developed by Flanagan, Wild, Barnes, Gilmartin, Good and Crews (1984a). Statistically significant differences between the instruments were found at each of the 4 levels of analysis. PMID- 6525937 TI - [Establishment of human malignant glioma cell line (SHG-44) and observation on its characteristics]. PMID- 6525938 TI - [Effects of dexamethasone on the depression of lymphocyte immune response in the experimental rats with transplanted glioma]. PMID- 6525936 TI - Central and peripheral contrast sensitivity in amblyopia with varying field size. AB - The purpose of the present study was to establish the extent of the amblyopic deficit at 0 degree, 10 degrees, and 20 degrees retinal eccentricity using contrast sensitivity measures for sine wave gratings subtending various field sizes. Contrast sensitivity functions were shown to vary with stimulus field size, retinal location and degree of amblyopia. Foveally, peak contrast sensitivity of amblyopic eyes increased markedly with increasing field size, to reach the same magnitude as that of the contralateral non-amblyopic eyes for large fields. Peripherally, peak contrast sensitivity remained lower in the amblyopic eyes for all field sizes examined. High spatial frequency cut-offs were reduced both centrally and peripherally with all field sizes in the amblyopic eyes. The effect of increasing field size on the cut-off acuity was found to be smaller than the effect on peak contrast sensitivity. The most significant conclusions drawn from the results are that: (1) The amblyopic deficit in terms of both peak contrast sensitivity and acuity is not restricted to the central foveal region; and (2) amblyopic eyes benefit to a greater extent from increased stimulus field size than non-amblyopic eyes in terms of peak contrast sensitivity. A model is proposed which suggests that the results obtained are due to fewer and/or less sensitive cortical neurons being driven by the amblyopic eye in humans with naturally occurring amblyopia. PMID- 6525939 TI - [Studies on invasive characteristics of the epithelial cell line of human esophageal carcinoma (Eca 109) in organ culture by means of spheroidal aggregates]. PMID- 6525940 TI - [Effect of molybdenum on the activity of cytochrome P-450 and demethylase in the liver of rats]. PMID- 6525941 TI - [Study on sister chromatid exchange in patients with esophageal cancer]. PMID- 6525942 TI - [Monitor of mutagens and carcinogens in the body fluid of the exposed individuals. Assays of mutagenic activity in the urine]. PMID- 6525943 TI - [Study on clinical value of significance of serum haptoglobin in patients with malignant tumors]. PMID- 6525944 TI - [Polyamine in the urine of patients with malignant tumor]. PMID- 6525947 TI - [Application of CT in radiotherapy of carcinoma of nasopharynx. Preliminary experience of 25 cases]. PMID- 6525946 TI - [Cytologic typing of nasopharyngeal carcinoma and its relation to histology and the prognosis after radiotherapy]. PMID- 6525945 TI - [Value of tissue lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) and its isoenzymes in the diagnosis of carcinoma of the esophagus and gastric cardia]. PMID- 6525948 TI - [Irradiation therapy of non-Hodgkin's malignant lymphoma of the nasopharynx. An analysis of 91 cases]. PMID- 6525949 TI - [Factors influencing prognosis of squamous cell carcinoma of the lower gingiva]. PMID- 6525950 TI - [Clinical phase I trial of a new anti-neoplastic drug--glyciphosphoramide]. PMID- 6525951 TI - [Surgical treatment of thymic tumors with myasthenia gravis]. PMID- 6525952 TI - [Diagnosis and surgical treatment of recurrent cancer in the residual stomach]. PMID- 6525954 TI - [Morphologic observations of early bronchogenic carcinoma and its peripheral foci. A case report of a lesion 3 mm in diameter]. PMID- 6525953 TI - [Lipid-rich carcinoma of the breast--a case report]. PMID- 6525955 TI - [Improvement in the diagnostic technics of atypical nasopharyngeal carcinoma]. PMID- 6525956 TI - [Radiotherapy dosage. II]. PMID- 6525957 TI - [Effect of the helium-neon laser in different irradiation regimens on corneal cells after exposure to ionizing radiation]. PMID- 6525958 TI - [Anticholinesterase action of fluorochloronitroacetic acid esters]. PMID- 6525959 TI - [Model of the 3-dimensional structure for the C-portion of the long fibrils of bacteriophage T4]. PMID- 6525960 TI - [Model of the active center of cytochrome P-450. Alkane oxidation catalyzed by iron(III) porphyrin in microheterogeneous media]. PMID- 6525961 TI - [Absence of an inhibiting effect of lymphocytes on cultured cell nuclei found in heterokaryons entering into DNA synthesis]. PMID- 6525962 TI - [Effect of laser radiation on the regenerative processes in exposure to ionizing radiation]. PMID- 6525963 TI - Summary of carcinogenicity data generated by the National Cancer Institute/National Toxicology Program. PMID- 6525964 TI - Safer chemicals through molecular design. Symposium. Arlington, Virginia, September 11-15, 1983. PMID- 6525965 TI - Evaluation of the molecular design approach in the development of new dyes. PMID- 6525966 TI - [Epidermal reaction kinetics following benzol contact]. AB - With benzene as model substance the reaction of the epidermis to different concentrations of harmful substances is examined in animal experiments. This shows that with biometrically unobtrusive results dependent on benzene concentration and penetration time, distinct changes take place in the function of the epidermis cells. These results are essential for the pathogenesis and prophylaxis of skin damaged by exposure to harmful substances at industrially permissible concentrations of noxa. PMID- 6525967 TI - [Photoallergic reaction to carprofen]. AB - Carprofen, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug of the arylpropionic acid derivative type, can provoke both phototoxic and--as in the reported case- photoallergic reactions. PMID- 6525968 TI - [Electron microscopy studies of surface cells and cells in the area of the glandular neck of normal stomach mucosa in humans]. AB - The authors describe the submicroscopical structure of surface epithelial cells of the mucosa and cells of the stomach gland cervix in men. On the basis of electronmicroscopic studies of bioptic samples of the stomach mucosa the surface epithelium of the stomach mucosa in men was found to be covered with high cylindrical cells showing typical small, relatively low microvilli at the luminal side with numerous mucous granules in the supranuclear zone of the cells. The basal part of the cell is extremely dense containing numerous ribosomes, a Golgi apparatus and mitochondriae. Isthmic cells were found to differ from surface cells by the location of the nucleus and the amount of mucous granules, which are larger and granular in the rule. The cells of this zone are mutually connected by desmosomes. The granular endoplasmic reticulum is present at a relatively lesser amount as compared to the former group of cells. These cervical cells are of importance from the viewpoint of regeneration and may differentiate into the other cell types of the stomach mucosa. PMID- 6525969 TI - [Nodular lymphoid hyperplasia of the duodenum in cancers of the gastrointestinal tract]. AB - In an autoptic study the coincidence of carcinomas of the gastrointestinal tract and nodular lymphoid hyperplasia (NLH) of the duodenum was studied histologically. Out of sixty cases of carcinomas in the gastrointestinal tract not one case of concomitant NLH in the duodenum could be demonstrated, nor in the first section of the jejunum, which was examined for comparison's sake. A connection between NLH and carcinomas of the gastrointestinal tract, as pointed out in the literature, could not be confirmed through this study. PMID- 6525970 TI - [Cholestasis syndrome in acute cholecystitis]. AB - A slight rise in bilirubin values and rises of the serum transaminases belong to the symptoms of acute cholecystitis and do not necessarily stand for an occlusion of the bile duct, i.e. for a cholestase. They admit conclusions as to the seriousness of the inflammation and especially the alkaline phosphatase gives clear indication of additional choledocholithiasis. Even with a general attitude in favour of early surgery, there should be undertaken a comprehensive laboratory diagnostic prior to surgery. PMID- 6525971 TI - [Heart arrest in gastroscopy--report of 2 cases]. AB - Two cases with cardiac arrest in the early phase of gastroscopy are presented. In a 83-years-old patient, the external cardiac reanimation was successful, but nevertheless the cardiac intensive therapy a 85-years-old woman died. The possible causes of cardiac complications of gastroscopy are discussed and consequences for premedication are proposed. This first communication about a fatal complication during gastroscopy in the GDR is reported to emphasize the potential rare but serious dangers of gastroscopy. PMID- 6525972 TI - [Changes in serum and liver lipids in rats after the short-term use of an atherogenic diet regimen (the effect of Vita yogurt)]. PMID- 6525973 TI - [Effect of the organophosphate insecticide chloracetophon on skeletal ossification and the development of internal organs in white rat fetuses]. PMID- 6525975 TI - [Micromorphometric characteristics of the germinative zone of the growing tibial cartilage in human fetuses at 6 lunar months]. PMID- 6525974 TI - [Diuretic, antihyperazotemic and antiexudative activity of fresh and stored nephroton]. PMID- 6525976 TI - [Biological characteristics of rat lung cells cultured in a medium with N nitrosodimethylamine precursors]. AB - Lung tissue culture of 3-day old rats was cultivated in the presence of sodium nitrite, amidopyrine and combination of these substances with N nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA). Each of these compounds produces specific changes in monolayer density, mitotic patterns and level of DNA synthesis in lung cell culture, which is considered to be convenient model for investigating cell response to the precursors of NDMA and to this carcinogen. PMID- 6525977 TI - [Effect of modification of the lipid bilayer on the functioning of the electron transport chain of endoplasmic reticulum membranes in nitrosodiethylamine-induced hepatic carcinogenesis]. AB - The kinetics of cytochrome P-450 content in endoplasmic reticulum membranes at different stages of hepatocarcinogenesis was studied under the influence of unsaturated fatty acids by the EPR method. At early stages of carcinogenesis the preparations containing oleic, linoleic and arachidonic acids prevent changes in the cytochrome P-450 content usually observed in case of nitrosodiethylamine introduction. The diet containing unsaturated fatty acids has a stabilizing effect revealed by the similar changes in the content of cytochrome P-450, phosphatidyl choline and fatty acids composition and also in the level of organization of the endoplasmic reticulum membrane lipid bilayer. PMID- 6525978 TI - [Determination of the pH of solid tumors]. AB - The design and production technique of pH-electrode for measuring pH in solid tissues are described. Main characteristics of the pH electrode are determined: external diameter 0.25-0.4 mm, length of the pH-sensitive part--4-10 mm, sensitivity at 37 degrees C--55-60 mV/pH, and drift--less than or equal to 0.005 pH/h. PMID- 6525979 TI - [Effect of the cryodestruction and surgical removal of Guerin's carcinoma on metastasis into the regional lymph nodes]. AB - The influence of cryodestruction and surgical treatment of the primary tumour in rats with the transplanted Guerin's carcinoma was studied including their effect on the degree of metastatic spreading to the regional lymph nodes. The rate of regional metastases under the cryotherapy influence is shown to be somewhat higher than resulting from surgical removal of a tumor and is positively lower than in the case of amputation of tumor affected extremity. PMID- 6525980 TI - [Effect of serum polyamine oxidase on normal and tumor cells]. AB - Serum polyamine oxidase was studied for its effect on normal and transformed fibroblasts, Erlich carcinoma, Zaidela hepatoma and experimental Svec leukaemia cells as well as on K-562 human leukaemia cells. It is found that the cell death was induced by dialdehydes generated by polyamine deamination. Autoradiographically it was shown that dialdehydes cross-link the cell plasma membranes. It is suggested that serum polyamine oxidase is one of the factors responsible for the phenomenon of constitutional resistance which provides subsequent realization of the long-term immune defence. PMID- 6525981 TI - Hypoxia-induced contractions of porcine pulmonary artery strips depend on intact endothelium. AB - Experiments were carried out to test the hypothesis that intact endothelium is required for hypoxia-induced contractions of pulmonary vascular muscle in vitro. To study this possibility, we cut pairs of transverse strips from main pulmonary arteries of pigs, removed the endothelium from one strip, and mounted the strips on force transducers in separate tissue baths. After an adaptation period of 4-6 h at an oxygen tension of 40 torr, strips with intact endothelium contracted spontaneously when the oxygen tension was decreased from 140 torr to near zero torr (6.5 +/- 1.1 gm-wt/cm2, mean +/- SEM) whereas strips without endothelium contracted significantly less (1.0 +/- 0.3 gm-wt/cm2, p less than 0.001, n = 14 pairs). However, strips with and without endothelium contracted equally in response to incremental concentrations of norepinephrine. Each of several drugs (atropine, propranolol, phentolamine, or indomethacin, each 10(-5) M) had no effect on hypoxia-induced contractions when added to the bath prior to hypoxia. Similarly, a decrease in bath pH from 7.4 to 7.2 had no effect. Because we suspected that the endothelium might be releasing a mediator causing increased tone in response to hypoxia, we cleansed the bath during hypoxia, but this maneuver did not change hypoxia-induced contractions. Placing strips with intact endothelium close to strips without endothelium and measuring tension in the bath during hypoxia did not induce contractions in the strip without endothelium. We conclude that an intact endothelium is necessary for hypoxia-induced contractions in vitro in main pulmonary arteries from pigs. Although main pulmonary arteries are not primarily responsible for hypoxic vasoconstriction in vivo, our findings suggest a possible role for endothelium in the pulmonary vascular response to hypoxia. PMID- 6525982 TI - Separation and characterization of lymphocytes from rat lung parenchyma. AB - Rat pulmonary parenchymal tissue was disaggregated into a single cell suspension by treatment with collagenase. A cell population enriched for lung lymphocytes was separated by depletion of adherent cells on a Sephadex G-10 column: 16.7 +/- 2.7 X 10(6) cells per animal were recovered. On the basis of cytochemical and morphologic criteria, the separated cells contained greater than 80% lymphocytes, with a viability of 80-90%. The distribution of lymphocyte subpopulations was determined by indirect immunoperoxidase staining with appropriate monoclonal antibodies. Separated lung lymphocytes exhibited a proliferative response in vitro to phytohemagglutinin and concanavalin A. Supernatants from lung lymphocytes stimulated with concanavalin A contained lymphokine activity that could be demonstrated in a leukocyte procoagulant activity assay. PMID- 6525983 TI - Granulocytes and hyperoxia act synergistically in causing acute lung injury. AB - Various indirect methods have implicated the polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) as being an important, but not an absolutely necessary, factor in hyperoxia associated pulmonary edema. By utilizing the cell free isolated perfused rabbit lung model, we demonstrated that the addition of purified, unstimulated granulocytes into the pulmonary artery of hyperoxia exposed lungs resulted in a synergistic edematogenic effect which was statistically significant (p less than 0.05) within only four hours. In addition, significant nonhydrostatic pulmonary edema was produced by both hyperoxia (p less than 0.02) and the addition of PMNs (p = 0.001) when these variables were independently analyzed. These findings help to establish a direct interaction between the role of the PMN and hyperoxia in high permeability lung edema. PMID- 6525984 TI - Characteristics of amino acid metabolism by isolated alveolar type II cells. AB - Alveolar type II cells of the lung are important in producing the lipoprotein surfactant. Most studies about metabolism in type II cells have focussed on lipid precursors for phospholipid metabolism. Surfactant contains a unique apoprotein; yet relatively little is known about the metabolism of amino acids by type II cells. Type II cells were isolated using density gradient centrifugation followed by centrifugal elutriation. Alanine (Ala), leucine (Leu), valine (Val), and phenylalanine (Phe) incorporation into protein and lipid and oxidation to CO2 was measured after the cells were incubated for 2 h. For alanine metabolism, 22% of total radioactivity from alanine was incorporated into protein, 20% into lipid, and 58% oxidized to CO2. For leucine, 51% was incorporated into protein, 23% into lipid, and 22% oxidized to CO2. Fifty percent of radioactivity from valine metabolism was incorporated into protein, 5% into lipid, and 47% oxidized to CO2. Virtually all (95%) of phenylalanine, however, was utilized for protein synthesis only. Puromycin and cycloheximide decreased protein synthesis from Ala, Leu, and Phe but had little affect on Ala and Leu metabolism to lipid or CO2. The hypolipidemic drug clofibrate inhibited all aspects of amino acid metabolism. In summary, type II cell amino acid metabolism is regulated similar to that of cells from skeletal muscle and adipose tissue, but in contrast to hepatocytes, type II cells readily oxidize valine and utilize leucine for lipid as well as protein synthesis. PMID- 6525985 TI - The response of microvessels in rat lung explants to incubation with norepinephrine. AB - Because of the difficulty in isolating precapillary or postcapillary segments of the pulmonary microcirculation, there is little information on their reactivity even though they are important in normal lung function and play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of pulmonary hypertension. In order to study the reactivity of microvessels in lung we have developed a method in which thin slices of tissue are incubated in vitro with a vasoactive drug and are then fixed, embedded, and sectioned at a thickness of 1 micron. Vessel profiles are analyzed on a computer graphics tablet, and their degree of constriction is determined morphometrically. In this system, muscular arteries less than 200 microns in diameter in adult rat lung explants are moderately constricted, but they constrict further when incubated with 1-norepinephrine (10(-4), 10(-5) M), an effect maintained for 30 min. Nonmuscular vessels (arteries and veins) less than 100 microns in diameter also constrict in response to similar doses of norepinephrine. Although the effector cells remain to be identified, it is likely that pericytes and precursor muscle cells in the walls of these vessels are at least partly responsible. PMID- 6525987 TI - Effect of dexamethasone on the synthesis of specific proteins in fetal rabbit lung in vivo and in organ culture. AB - Lung tissue from fetal rabbits at 24 days' gestation was maintained in organ culture in defined medium. This system has been used to study the effect of dexamethasone on general protein synthesis and on the synthesis of specific proteins by fetal rabbit lung in vitro. Glucocorticoid treatment had no effect on the overall incorporation of labeled amino acids into protein. However, it increased the incorporation of [35S] methionine into 5 of the nearly 400 proteins catalogued by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. When tissue was taken from fetuses at 20 and 22 days' gestation, it was found that the effect of dexamethasone on the incorporation of [35S] methionine into some of these five peptides was dependent on the gestational age of the animals at the time of sacrifice. When dexamethasone was administered for 2 consecutive days to pregnant rabbits beginning on gestational day 25, two-dimensional gels of [35S] methionine labeled slices of fetal lungs revealed several glucocorticoid treatment in vitro. Following isolation of type II cells from fetal lungs after glucocorticoid administration in vivo and labeling the cells with [35S] methionine, two dimensional gels of cell lysates exhibited several changes, some of which are identical to the changes seen in whole lung after glucocorticoid treatment in vivo or in vitro and some that appear to be unique to type II cells. PMID- 6525986 TI - Estimation of guinea pig tracheobronchial transport rates using a compartmental model. AB - Mucociliary clearance in the tracheobronchial tree of guinea pigs was examined using monodisperse 7.9 micrometers MMAD polystyrene particles. Animals were exposed for approximately 1 h by inhalation via an intratracheal tube to aerosols tagged with gold-198 and fluorescent dyes. Following exposure, animals were radioactively monitored and sacrificed at predetermined times. The lungs were removed, freeze-dried, sectioned completely, and examined with a fluorescent microscope. Measurements were made of airway diameters where particles were found. An anatomic model for guinea pig lung morphology was used to assign ranges of airway diameters to five zones, which were incorporated into a compartmental model for lung clearance. Kinetic analysis of particle distributions in the zones led to development of first-order equations describing the compartmental clearance. Rate constants obtained from the kinetic analysis were used to estimate mucociliary transport rates in specific bronchial generations, which ranged from approximately 0.001 mm/min in the distal bronchioles to approximately 8 mm/min in the trachea, and resulted in a calculated 24-h clearance time for tracheobronchial clearance in the guinea pig. No evidence for either bronchial penetration by particles or relatively prolonged bronchial retention of particles was found in this study. PMID- 6525989 TI - Chronic cigarette smoke inhalation and aging in mice: 1. Morphologic and functional lung abnormalities. AB - The effects of long-term cigarette smoke inhalation on the morphologic and functional integrity of lungs of C57BL/6 young and old mice have been assessed. Smoke exposure occurred over a 9-month period beginning when the young animals were 2 months of age and the old mice 8-10 months. At the termination of the experiment, microscopic and morphometric evaluation of pulmonary tissue revealed peribronchiolar and perivascular accumulations of lymphocytes and macrophages in lungs of both young and old smoke-exposed mice. Such lesions were never observed in sham-treated or control animals of either age. These observations indicate that lesions in mice can be induced by long-term smoke inhalation. In addition, three other anomalous manifestations, prominent only in the smoke-exposed old animals, were noted: 1) reduction of alveolar space with a concomitant increase in lung cellularity and thickened alveolar septa; 2) intra-alveolar accumulation of surfactantlike material; and 3) decreased pulmonary function. Since these abnormalities were prominent only in smoke-exposed old animals, an interaction between smoke inhalation and aging is indicated. Pulmonary function data complement morphologic and morphometric observations and indicate that the manifestation of abnormality noted in the old smoke-exposed animals are restrictive in nature and conform most closely to pulmonary fibrosis. PMID- 6525988 TI - A mechanism of synergistic lung damage by ozone and a respirable aerosol. AB - A hitherto unexpected synergism between the oxidant air pollutants ozone or nitrogen dioxide and a respirable-sized aerosol of ammonium sulfate was previously observed during controlled exposures of rats to these substances. In this paper we examine biochemical and morphometric changes in lungs of rats exposed for 3, 7, or 14 days to ozone (0.64-0.96 ppm), with or without an accompanying aerosol (approximately 1 micrometer mass median aerodynamic diameter) of ammonium sulfate (5 mg/m3). After 3 days of exposure to the mixture of pollutants, rat lung macrophage and macrophage precursors (monocytes) were increased 2- to 3-fold, fibroblasts were increased 2-fold, and apparent collagen synthesis rates were increased 2.5-fold, fibroblasts were increased 2-fold, and apparent collagen synthesis rates were increased 2.5-fold, as compared with values from animals exposed to ozone alone. Continued exposure to ozone alone for 7 or 14 days seemed to mimic changes seen at 3 days with the mixture of pollutants. Total number of lesions per lung was the same for ozone exposure with and without accompanying aerosol; lesions were larger in lungs of rats exposed to ozone plus ammonium sulfate. Based on these findings and a review of the literature, a mechanism for ozone-aerosol synergism is proposed. We suggest that the lifetime of free radicals arising from interaction of oxidants such as ozone or nitrogen dioxide with molecules within the lung is increased by either local pH changes or changes in the local sulfate concentration (or both) caused by inhalation of the respirable aerosol. PMID- 6525990 TI - Airway resistance and deposition of particles in the lung. AB - The percentage 24-h lung retention of 4-micrometers monodispersed Teflon particles, aerodynamic diameter about 6 micrometers, was studied twice in 8 healthy nonsmokers. The particles were inhaled at 0.5 liter/sec with maximally deep breaths. Bronchoconstriction was induced by inhalation of a methacholine bromide aerosol for one exposure before and for the other 20-30 min after the inhalation of the Teflon particles. For both exposures, airway resistance (Raw) was measured with a whole body plethysmograph before and after the induction of the bronchoconstriction and was found on an average to increase with a factor of 2-3. For the exposure when bronchoconstriction was induced after the inhalation of the Teflon particles, Raw and 24-h lung retention correlated significantly. Retention at 24 h was markedly lower when bronchoconstriction was induced before inhalation of the Teflon particles than when bronchoconstriction was induced after, the ranges being 13-24% and 38-68%, respectively. The experimental data agreed well with theoretical data from a lung model wherein the diameters of the airways were varied. The results indicate that the magnitude of bronchoconstriction occurring in real life can protect the alveolar part of the lung by reducing the amount of inhaled particles that deposit there. PMID- 6525991 TI - The TD50: a proposed general convention for the numerical description of the carcinogenic potency of chemicals in chronic-exposure animal experiments. AB - A generally accepted format for the numerical description of the carcinogenic potency of a particular chemical in a particular strain of animals is desirable so that statements from different sources about potency and attempts by different authors to correlate potency with particular laboratory measurements will be comparable. The choice of an appropriate standard format is to a certain extent arbitrary. In this paper we recommend that the TD50 (tumorigenic dose rate 50) be used. TD50 can be calculated for a single target site or combination of sites. The TD50, in analogy with the LD50, is defined as that chronic dose rate (in mg/kg body weight/day) which would halve the actuarially adjusted percentage of tumor-free animals at the end of a standard experiment time--the "standard lifespan" for the species. This paper consists of a brief discussion of the TD50, sufficient to make the general reader familiar with the properties of such an index, an appendix discussing methods for its estimation and certain conventions we have adopted for use in analyzing "nonstandard" experiments. A major problem in calculating any index of carcinogenic potency is that much published material gives only the final crude percentage of tumor-bearing animals at each dose, instead of percentages adjusted for the effects of intercurrent mortality or data from which these adjusted percentages can be derived. If the dose level administered to the animals is toxic, then premature death from nonneoplastic causes may prevent some dosed animals that would have developed tumors from actually doing so. This will particularly affect the high-dose group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6525993 TI - Statistical issues in the design, analysis and interpretation of animal carcinogenicity studies. AB - Statistical issues in the design, analysis and interpretation of animal carcinogenicity studies are discussed. In the area of experimental design, issues that must be considered include randomization of animals, sample size considerations, dose selection and allocation of animals to experimental groups, and control of potentially confounding factors. In the analysis of tumor incidence data, survival differences among groups should be taken into account. It is important to try to distinguish between tumors that contribute to the death of the animal and "incidental" tumors discovered at autopsy in an animal dying of an unrelated cause. Life table analyses (appropriate for lethal tumors) and incidental tumor tests (appropriate for nonfatal tumors) are described, and the utilization of these procedures by the National Toxicology Program is discussed. Despite the fact that past interpretations of carcinogenicity data have tended to focus on pairwise comparisons in general and high-dose effects in particular, the importance of trend tests should not be overlooked, since these procedures are more sensitive than pairwise comparisons to the detection of carcinogenic effects. No rigid statistical "decision rule" should be employed in the interpretation of carcinogenicity data. Although the statistical significance of an observed tumor increase is perhaps the single most important piece of evidence used in the evaluation process, a number of biological factors must also be taken into account. The use of historical control data, the false-positive issue and the interpretation of negative trends are also discussed. PMID- 6525994 TI - Hemolysis as a possible indicator of neurotoxicity induced by organic solvents. AB - The expense, length of time and number of animals required for routine toxicity testing have provided the incentive for finding alternative techniques which are faster, less expensive and equally valid. The purpose of this work was to examine the value of a simple in vitro test (hemolysis) as a correlate of the neurotoxicity produced by commonly used industrial organic solvents. Incubation of rat erythrocytes with organic alcohols produced hemolysis which correlates with the potency of the same alcohols to suppress membrane excitability, measured as reduction in the evoked action potential of the rat sciatic nerve. The hemolytic activity also reflects changes in water solubility among the compounds and thus can be used as an index of in vivo neurotoxicity, the extent of which partly depends on absorption of the agent and delivery to nerve tissue. Hemolysis therefore may be of value as a preliminary test for assessing the neurotoxicity of organic solvents. PMID- 6525995 TI - A search for a threshold in the relationship of air pollution to mortality: a reanalysis of data on London winters. AB - The relationship between air pollution and increased risk of mortality has been explored previously using data on 14 winters in London. The results of these analyses have been used to determine a no-observable-effects level. This reanalysis of the data finds no evidence to support the existence of a no-effects level. Further, the reanalysis suggests that the estimated pollution-mortality relationship exists even in nonepisodic winters, when British Smoke readings were less than 500 micrograms/m3. PMID- 6525997 TI - Molecular mechanism for the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase enzyme by organophosphorothionates. AB - The different mechanisms, whereby EPN and malathion inhibit the action of cholinesterase on acetylcholine, are described. Partially purified brain enzyme was used for the kinetic studies. The approach of the theory of Krupka and Laidler was followed. The ratio of [S]I opt/[S]opt = 1 + Ki [I] to the first power was found with malathion but to the square root of (1 + Ki [I]) 1/2 with EPN. The intercept on the slope axis of plots of slopes of (1/V not equal to [I]) against the reciprocal of substrate concentrations showed a non-zero value in the case of EPN and a zero value in the case of malathion. Accordingly, and based on the above theory, it seems that malathion acts as a competitive inhibitor of cholinesterase while EPN seems to be a mixed type inhibitor. PMID- 6525999 TI - A new variant of lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme in human saliva. AB - A hitherto unreported lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme, which migrates electrophoretically to the relative position between LDH4 and LDH5, is detected in 100% of human saliva specimens obtained from a group of apparently healthy individuals. Despite the fact that 70% (14 of 20) of all specimens analyzed have LDH5 as the predominant isoenzyme, it has been observed that this newly discovered isoenzyme has anomalously emerged as the predominant isoenzyme in 20% (4 of 20) of the total specimens quantified. PMID- 6525998 TI - CDP-choline does not inhibit erythrocyte glycolytic or pentose phosphate pathway enzyme activity. AB - An increased concentration of cytidine diphosphocholine (CDP-choline) has been observed in erythrocytes in the hemolytic anemia due to hereditary pyrimidine 5' nucleotidase deficiency (P5Nase, EC 3.1.3.5) and in a patient with a chronic hemolytic anemia not due to P5Nase deficiency, as reported by Paglia and co workers in 1983. In the current studies, we were unable to demosntrate a significant inhibitory effect of 4 mmol/l CDP-choline on the activities of the enzymes of the Embden-Meyerhof and pentose phosphate pathways. The physiologic significance of increased erythrocytic CDP-choline remains to be determined. PMID- 6526000 TI - Modified lipoprotein lipase catalyzes ester synthesis in benzene. Substrate specificity. AB - Modified lipoprotein lipase catalyzed the synthesis of trilaurin from mono- or diacylglycerol and fatty acid and also the synthesis of ester from fatty acid and alcohol in benzene. In the ester synthesis reaction, the longer the chain length of fatty acid or alcohol, the higher the ester synthesis activity. The ester synthesis was competitively inhibited by fatty acids with branch of carbon chain at the position neighboring the carboxyl group. Other substrates including secondary and tertiary alcohols and carboxylic acids having benzene ring were tested and discussed in relation to the ester synthesis. PMID- 6526001 TI - Studies in fibroblasts of patients with the Lesch-Nyhan syndrome and HPRT variants. Correlation of HPRT activity with hypoxanthine utilization and growth in selection media. AB - In the present study, hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT) has been investigated in fibroblasts of 19 patients from 16 different families with HPRT deficiency, concerning activity, incorporation of 14C-hypoxanthine, and growth in 8-azaguanine and HAT (hypoxanthine, azaserine, thymidine containing) selection media. According to these data we could classify the patients into 5 groups (patients with classical Lesch-Nyhan syndrome and patients with HPRT variants of types A, B, C, D). In 3 groups (patients with classical Lesch-Nyhan syndrome, HPRT variants C and D), a correlation of residual HPRT activity with the incorporation of 14C-hypoxanthine as well as growth in 8-azaguanine and HAT selection was observed. The variant A, from a patient with the classical Lesch Nyhan syndrome, exhibited higher HPRT activity than that from all the other patients with the Lesch-Nyhan syndrome. However, the values of hypoxanthine incorporation and growth in selection media were as in the classical syndrome. The cells of variant B were resistant to azaguanine and grew in HAT selection media in the range of control cells, but had HPRT residual activities similar to those of variants A and C. For the characterization of the genetic heterogeneity of HPRT, it seems necessary to study the enzymatic properties in cell extracts as well as the purine uptake and proliferation of cells in different selection media. PMID- 6525992 TI - Report on the Consensus Workshop on Formaldehyde. AB - The Consensus Workshop on Formaldehyde consisted of bringing together scientists from academia, government, industry and public interest groups to address some important toxicological questions concerning the health effects of formaldehyde. The participants in the workshop, the Executive Panel which coordinated the meeting, and the questions posed, all were chosen through a broadly based nomination process in order to achieve as comprehensive a consensus as possible. The subcommittees considered the toxicological problems associated with formaldehyde in the areas of exposure, epidemiology, carcinogenicity/histology/genotoxicity, immunology/sensitization/irritation, structure activity/biochemistry/metabolism, reproduction/teratology, behavior/neurotoxicity/psychology and risk estimation. Some questions considered included the possible human carcinogenicity of formaldehyde, as well as other human health effects, and the interpretation of pathology induced by formaldehyde. These reports, plus introductory material on the procedures used in setting up the Consensus Workshop are presented here. Additionally, there is included a listing of the data base that was made available to the panel chairmen prior to the meeting and was readily accessible to the participants during their deliberations in the meeting. This data base, since it was computerized, was also capable of being searched for important terms. These materials were supplemented by information brought by the panelists. The workshop has defined the consensus concerning a number of major points in formaldehyde toxicology and has identified a number of major deficits in understanding which are important guides to future research. PMID- 6526002 TI - The effects of decreasing the radius of curvature of convex external rear view mirrors upon drivers' judgements of vehicles approaching in the rearward visual field. PMID- 6526004 TI - Effects of heat on visual acuity. PMID- 6526003 TI - Investigation into the mass distribution properties of the human body and its segments. PMID- 6526006 TI - Flagella and motility behaviour of square bacteria. AB - Square bacteria are shown to have right-handed helical (RH) flagella. They swim forward by clockwise (CW), and backwards by counterclockwise (CCW) rotation of their flagella. They are propelled by several or single filaments arising at several or single points on the cell surface. When there are several filaments a stable bundle is formed that does not fly apart during the change from clockwise to counterclockwise rotation or vice versa. In addition to the flagella attached to the cells, large amounts of detached flagella aggregated into thick super flagella, can be observed at all phases of growth. PMID- 6526005 TI - Transient paralysis by heat shock of hormonal regulation of gene expression. AB - We have investigated the effect of heat shock on primary cultures of male and female Xenopus laevis hepatocytes as a function of estrogen-induced vitellogenin gene expression. Coincident with the induction of heat-shock protein (hsp) synthesis, thermal stress abolishes the estrogen activated transcription and accumulation of vitellogenin mRNA, at the same time causing the destabilization of vitellogenin mRNA accumulated by prior treatment with the hormone. Exposure of the cells to estrogen before heat shock allows an immediate resumption of vitellogenin gene transcription on return to 26 degrees C. Heat shock applied to cells from hormonally naive male Xenopus extends the lag period preceding vitellogenin gene transcription upon return to normal temperatures. This transient and reversible paralysis of estrogen responsiveness is paralleled by reversible changes in the amount of nuclear estrogen receptor in the hepatocytes. Heat shock therefore offers a novel approach in the manipulation and analysis of the early stages of steroid hormonal regulation of gene expression. PMID- 6526007 TI - PC13 embryonal carcinoma-derived growth factor. AB - A potent growth factor, PC13 embryonal carcinoma-derived growth factor (ECDGF), has been isolated from serum-free medium conditioned by PC13 murine embryonal carcinoma cells. ECDGF is a single chain, cationic hydrophobic molecule of 17 500 daltons. ECDGF will induce DNA synthesis in established fibroblast cell lines and the immediate differentiated progeny of PC13 EC cells in vitro, and consequently appears to differ from other well characterised growth factors both in structure and action. PMID- 6526008 TI - Purification and properties of porcine platelet-derived growth factor. AB - The purification to homogeneity of a potent growth factor from porcine platelets is described. This cationic mitogen is named porcine platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) on the basis of close structural, functional and immunological similarities to human PDGF. Porcine PDGF, like its human homologue, is a hydrophobic, disulphide cross-linked protein, which is stable to heat, acid, sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS), and guanidine. The purified protein has an apparent mol. wt. on SDS-polyacrylamide gels of 38 000, similar to those reported for human PDGF (27 500-35 000). Amino terminal sequence analysis of native porcine PDGF gave a single 15 amino acid residue sequence, of which 11 residues were identical to the amino terminal sequence of the B chain of human PDGF. Gel permeation h.p.l.c. in guanidine solutions of the reduced protein revealed a single species of mol. wt. 17 000 suggesting that native porcine PDGF may be a homodimer of a 17 000 mol. wt. chain. Since porcine PDGF can be purified at low cost from large quantities of fresh platelets, it provides an alternative source of PDGF for structural and functional studies, and could be of use in preparing defined media for cell culture. PMID- 6526009 TI - The nucleotide sequence of maize streak virus DNA. AB - The nucleotide sequence of the DNA of maize streak virus (MSV) has been determined. The data were accommodated into one DNA circle of 2687 nucleotides, in contrast to previously characterised geminiviruses which have been shown to possess two circles of DNA. Comparison of the nucleotide sequences of the DNA of MSV with those of cassava latent virus (CLV) and tomato golden mosaic virus (TGMV) showed no detectable homology. Analysis of open reading frames revealed seven potential coding regions for proteins of mol. wt. greater than or equal to 10 000, three in the viral (+) sense and four in the complementary (-) sense. The position of likely transcription signals on the MSV DNA sequence would suggest a bidirectional strategy of transcription as proposed for CLV and TGMV. Nine inverted repeat sequences which have a potential of forming hairpin structures of delta G greater than or equal to -14 kcal/mol have been detected. Three of these hairpin structures are in non-coding regions and could be involved in the regulation of transcription and/or replication. PMID- 6526010 TI - A putative primer for second-strand DNA synthesis of maize streak virus is virion associated. AB - We have isolated, from maize streak virus (MSV) preparations, a population of 'nested' DNA molecules. These molecules have ribonucleotides covalently linked to the DNA species' discrete 5' deoxyribonucleotide terminus. The major species has a DNA sequence of 80 nucleotides which is complementary to a region 5' of two hairpin structures on the MSV genome, almost exclusively in an intergenic region. These molecules have been used to prime the synthesis in vitro of a complementary strand to virion DNA, initiating this reaction at one site on the genome. PMID- 6526011 TI - Use of peptide tagging to detect proteins expressed from cloned genes: deletion mapping functional domains of Drosophila hsp 70. AB - We have developed a technique which allows specific detection of proteins expressed from cloned genes. The method involves fusion of an oligonucleotide coding for part of the neuropeptide substance P to the 3' end of the gene; the protein can then be detected with a monoclonal antibody that recognises this peptide. We have used this method to determine the properties of deletion mutants of the major Drosophila heat shock protein, hsp70, expressed in monkey COS cells. The results suggest that this protein has two distinct domains. Both are capable of accumulating in the nucleus of unstressed cells, but only the more highly conserved N-terminal domain is able to bind to nucleoli following a heat shock. This implies that nucleolar binding and nuclear migration are distinct properties of the protein, and suggests that the former may be of functional importance. In addition, we observed a novel effect of heat shock on cellular metabolism: protein fragments that are normally rapidly degraded are stabilized. The effect persists for several hours after the heat shock, but does not require expression of heat shock proteins. Together with previously published data, these results suggest an intimate relationship between protein degradation and the heat shock response. PMID- 6525996 TI - A carcinogenic potency database of the standardized results of animal bioassays. AB - The preceding paper described our numerical index of carcinogenic potency, the TD50 and the statistical procedures adopted for estimating it from experimental data. This paper presents the Carcinogenic Potency Database, which includes results of about 3000 long-term, chronic experiments of 770 test compounds. Part II is a discussion of the sources of our data, the rationale for the inclusion of particular experiments and particular target sites, and the conventions adopted in summarizing the literature. Part III is a guide to the plot of results presented in Part IV. A number of appendices are provided to facilitate use of the database. The plot includes information about chronic cancer tests in mammals, such as dose and other aspects of experimental protocol, histopathology and tumor incidence, TD50 and its statistical significance, dose response, author's opinion and literature reference. The plot readily permits comparisons of carcinogenic potency and many other aspects of cancer tests; it also provides quantitative information about negative tests. The range of carcinogenic potency is over 10 million-fold. PMID- 6526013 TI - Expression of several amplified genes in an adenylate-deaminase overproducing variant of Chinese hamster fibroblasts. AB - Unstable variants with increasing amounts of adenylate-deaminase (AMPD) have been stepwise recovered from Chinese hamster fibroblasts plated in selective medium containing increasing coformycin concentrations; several polypeptides accumulate in the variants in parallel to AMPD: they are no longer detectable in cells which reverted to the wild-type enzyme level. We report here the molecular cloning of cDNA sequences complementary to mRNAs coding for four such polypeptides. The plasmidic probes have been exploited to characterize their complementary mRNAs and to quantify the copies of these cognate genes in a variant and in two revertant clones. The results show that different mRNAs code for the four polypeptides; their accumulation is accounted for by amplification of their specific genes; these observations suggest that cells overproducing AMPD are characterized by the presence of amplification units comprising several expressed genes. PMID- 6526012 TI - Chromosomes of kinetoplastida. AB - We have compared chromosome-sized DNA molecules (molecular karyotypes) of five genera (nine species) of kinetoplastida after cell lysis and deproteinization of DNA in agarose blocks and size fractionation of the intact DNA molecules by pulsed field gradient (PFG) gel electrophoresis. With the possible exception of Trypanosoma vivax and Crithidia fasciculata, all species have at least 20 chromosomes. There are large differences between species in molecular karyotype and in the chromosomal distribution of the genes for alpha- and beta-tubulin, rRNA and the common mini-exon sequence of kinetoplastid mRNAs. In all cases, the rRNA genes are in DNA that is larger than 500 kb. Whereas T. brucei has approximately 100 mini-chromosomes of 50-150 kb, only few are found in T. equiperdum; T. vivax has no DNA smaller than 2000 kb. As all three species exhibit antigenic variation, small chromosomes with telomeric variant surface glycoprotein genes cannot be vital to the mechanism of antigenic variation. The apparent plasticity of kinetoplastid genome composition makes PFG gel electrophoresis a potentially useful tool for taxonomic studies. PMID- 6526014 TI - A novel in vitro transcription-translation system: accurate and efficient synthesis of single proteins from cloned DNA sequences. AB - A system is described which permits the efficient synthesis of single proteins in vitro. The essential element in this expression system is a strong promoter derived from coliphage T5 which produces, with high efficiency, specific RNAs in capped or uncapped form, depending upon the experimental conditions used. The transcription-coupled capping of RNA allows the direct translation of the RNA in eukaryotic extracts from wheat germ as well as from HeLa cells. The synthesis of three different proteins is reported, including lysozyme, which is shown to be translocated across membranes when appropriate assay conditions are used. The simplicity of the experimental procedure, the high purity and specific activity of the [35S]methionine-labelled proteins produced offer a number of possibilities for the study of structure-function relationships of proteins. PMID- 6526015 TI - Transformation of mammalian fibroblasts and macrophages in vitro by a murine retrovirus encoding an avian v-myc oncogene. AB - A murine retrovirus which expresses the avain v-myc OK10 oncogene was constructed. The virus, denoted MMCV, readily transforms fibroblasts of established lines, such as mouse NIH/3T3 and rat 208F cells, to anchorage independent growth in agarose. The virus also transforms primary mouse cells: (i) virus-infected macrophages are induced to form large colonies in semi-solid media, and can easily be expanded into mass cultures; (ii) MMCV-infected fibroblastic cells from mouse limb buds undergo morphological transformation and grow in semi-solid medium. MMCV thus transforms both mouse fibroblastic cells and macrophages in vitro, in a fashion similar to the v-myc-containing avian viruses in chicken cells. The possibility of introducing a transforming myc gene into mammalian cells by virus infection provides a novel approach for studying the mechanism of myc transformation in cells from many lineages. PMID- 6526016 TI - The mutant vasopressin gene from diabetes insipidus (Brattleboro) rats is transcribed but the message is not efficiently translated. AB - The vasopressin gene from normal and diabetes insipidus (Brattleboro) rats has been isolated and sequenced. Except for a single deletion of a G residue in region coding for the neurophysin carrier protein the approximately 2300 nucleotides of both genes are identical. Blot analysis of hypothalamic RNA as well as transfection and microinjection experiments indicate that the mutant gene is correctly transcribed and spliced, however the resulting mRNA is not efficiently translated. PMID- 6526017 TI - Studies on the adaptation of influenza viruses to MDCK cells. AB - The amino acid sequences and biological properties of the haemagglutinin of three variants of the influenza virus X-31 (H3N2) selected for their capacity to grow in MDCK cells are reported. In two variants, amino acid substitutions at HA1 residues 8 and 144 correlated with the loss of a site for glycosylation and specific changes in antigenicity, respectively. In all three variants substitution of an arginine residue for histidine at HA1 position 17 was correlated with increased pH optima of haemolysis. The importance of this substitution for cleavage of the haemagglutinin precursor required to produce infectious virus is discussed in relation to the three-dimensional structure of X 31 haemagglutinin. PMID- 6526018 TI - The penetration of antibiotics into the prostate in chronic bacterial prostatitis. PMID- 6526020 TI - Comparison of adherence and urine growth rate properties of Staphylococcus saprophyticus and Staphylococcus epidermidis. AB - To compare the adherence properties of Staphylococcus saprophyticus and Staphylococcus epidermidis in vitro studies were conducted with clinical isolates and cell culture monolayers (Hela, Vero, MDCK). Staphylococcus saprophyticus exhibited greater cell adherence, but no significant difference in mean urine growth rate. Its cell-adherence properties seem to explain in part its virulence. PMID- 6526019 TI - Characterization of endemic Providencia stuartii isolates from patients with urinary devices. AB - Providencia stuartii has emerged as a significant nosocomial urinary tract pathogen. An increase in the number of Providencia isolates from urine cultures prompted an investigation into the possibility of an outbreak due to this organism. A high proportion of patients studied had urinary devices. Four wards were screened at two time periods to ascertain the prevalence of Providencia stuartii in urine cultures. Biotype, serotype, antibiogram and plasmid content were determined for each Providencia isolate. Of 129 patients initially sampled 22.5% were found to harbor Providencia stuartii. Biotyping, serotyping and antibiograms indicated an epidemic strain was not present. Similar results were obtained when the wards were screened a second time, with 25.4% of urine cultures found to contain Providencia stuartii. By plasmid analysis the isolates could be grouped into one of ten profiles. A correlation could be made between urease activity and the presence of a large plasmid. No association however could be made between a particular plasmid profile and antibiogram. The data indicate that an epidemic strain of Providencia stuartii was not present. The source(s) of the endemic Providencia stuartii strains remain unknown. PMID- 6526021 TI - Species-specific immunodiagnosis of human echinococcosis with crude antigens. AB - Crude soluble antigens were evaluated with indirect haemagglutination and ELISA for their specificity in the immunodiagnosis of alveolar and cystic echinococcosis. Using a combination of heterologous crude antigens, the ELISA method made a correct species-specific diagnosis in 96.3% of the patients. These results are similar to those obtained by immunodiagnosis with purified antigens. PMID- 6526023 TI - Isolation of a previously undescribed Vibrionaceae. PMID- 6526025 TI - Exercise and old age. PMID- 6526024 TI - Repeated isolation of spirochetes from the cerebrospinal fluid of a patient with meningoradiculitis Bannwarth. PMID- 6526022 TI - Endocarditis caused by Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans. AB - The first two cases of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans endocarditis in Israel are reported. One involved a 67 year old woman with mitral insufficiency and the other, a 48 year old alcoholic male with bioprosthetic mitral valve. The organism grew in three of seven and seven of fourteen blood culture specimens, taken during the first two or three days of hospitalization respectively. Blood cultures became positive after incubation for seven days. The first patient recovered after therapy with penicillin and an aminoglycoside, and the second one is still being treated. Previously described cases of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans endocarditis are reviewed. PMID- 6526026 TI - Age- and exercise-related sympathetic activity in untrained volunteers, trained athletes and patients with impaired left-ventricular contractility. AB - To study the influence of training, aging and left-ventricular contractility on the sympathetic nervous system, responses of plasma catecholamines and density of adrenoreceptors on intact blood cells were evaluated in 21 dynamically trained subjects, 8 statically trained weight lifters, 15 healthy young and 15 old control subjects, and 55 post-infarction patients. Plasma catecholamines are indicators of the overall sympathetic tone, while the density of adrenoreceptors is a cellular indicator of the sensitivity to catecholamines. Static and dynamic training result in lower catecholamine response at identical work loads during incremental ergometric tests. Higher density of beta 2 receptors on intact leucocytes and higher sensitivity to isoproterenol are seen in the dynamically trained test subjects. Higher density of alpha 2 receptors on intact thrombocytes is found in the weight lifters. Despite the training-dependent control of the sympathetic activity bradycardia occurs only in endurance-trained subjects, indicating an additionally increased vagal control. The exercise-related tachycardia of the weight lifters, on the other hand, points to an insufficient vagal control of the cardiac sinus rate. Decrease of physical fitness, as related to aging, a deficit in physical training and impaired left-ventricular contractility are connected with a higher sympathetic activity at identical work loads and a lower beta-receptor density on intact blood cells and, in cardiac patients, on myocardial cells as well (Bristow et al. 1982). Changes in the sympathetic system may amplify the age- and disease-dependent decrease of the cardiac function.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6526027 TI - Predischarge stress test after myocardial infarction in the old age: results and prognostic value. AB - The aim of this study was to evaluate the results of predischarge stress testing in the elderly, and to assess the prognostic value of the test during one-year follow-up. The database consisted of 48 patients older than 64 years of age and 109 patients 55-64 years of age, who survived acute myocardial infarction, out of 532 consecutive patients admitted for myocardial infarction. Stress-test results were not different in the two groups. During one-year follow-up mortality was 6% in the younger patients and 4% in the older group, and the incidence of non-fatal reinfarctions was 8% in both groups. Mortality was best predicted by the extent of blood pressure rise (43 +/- 26 mmHg in survivors vs 19 +/- 15 mmHg in non survivors, P less than 0.001). Stress-test results were no more predictive when non-fatal reinfarction was added to mortality as an end-point. We conclude that for patients in whom the stress test is not contraindicated, age does not affect stress test results, the extent of blood pressure rise during a stress test is the best single predictor of mortality, stress tests are not predictive of reinfarctions. PMID- 6526028 TI - Is old age a contraindication to cardiac rehabilitation after acute myocardial infarction? AB - Fifty male patients older than 65 years of age (mean 66.3) underwent a symptom limited exercise test on an average of 34 days after acute myocardial infarction. After 4 weeks of supervised rehabilitation training and after one-year follow-up, the patients underwent controlled exercise tests. The ergometric parameters were compared with respective values in 10 healthy males (mean age 66.4, range 65-75). The rehabilitation training induced a substantial improvement in physical capacity (total work from 3149 +/- 1326 to 4791 +/- 1403 kg; P less than 0.001) with a better cardiovascular response: increased maximum oxygen pulse (from 8.97 +/- 2 to 10.7 +/- 2; P less than 0.001), decreased heart rate (from 120.5 +/- 16.1 to 111.3 +/- 14.7 beats min-1; P less than 0.05) and a decreased double product at a 75 W work load (from 22 866 +/- 4005 to 20 472 +/- 3982 beats min-1 mmHg; P less than 0.05). The recovery of physical capacity and cardiovascular tolerance in the physical exercise was nearly complete as compared with healthy subjects of the same age. During the training period one patient died from heart failure. In all the other patients the same improvement was still maintained one year later. In conclusion, old age does not seem to be per se a contraindication to cardiac rehabilitation. Physiological beneficial effects from cardiac rehabilitation can also be received by patients older than 65 years of age. PMID- 6526029 TI - Compliance with cardiac rehabilitation in the elderly. AB - To evaluate the compliance of the elderly with cardiac rehabilitation (CR) after myocardial infarction, 370 consecutive patients greater than or equal to 65 years of age, admitted to our Coronary Care Unit over a period of 2 years, were examined: 48 died in the hospital, 34 were transferred to other wards and 29 were unable to perform a submaximal exercise test before discharge. Out of the remaining 259 patients, 43 began the CR and 32 completed it with a good outcome. Eleven patients interrupted the CR because of associated diseases. A social investigation was carried out on 83 of the 259 patients discharged from our ward. In addition to associated diseases and an extremely low exercise tolerance (41% of cases), the lack of participation was due to socioeconomic problems (9.5%), to lack of motivation (52.3%) and to inadequate information (38.1%). Nevertheless, 76% of patients indicated that they attained their previous way of life in a relatively short period of time. It is concluded that: CR is useful in patients who complete it; low compliance is due mainly to medical problems and lack of motivation; better information might slightly increase the compliance in our Center; most patients can, in any case, reach their previous way of life. It is debatable whether CR is advisable in old age, or should be directed towards selected groups of patients. PMID- 6526030 TI - The effects of beta blockers on exercise capacity and on training response in elderly subjects. AB - Treatment of 8 hypertensive elderly subjects with atenolol or with labetalol did not affect exercise performance, except after the development of circulatory congestion in 1 patient. Treatment with beta blockers did not alter the response to an exercise training programme in 15 elderly patients with ischaemic heart disease, as compared with 11 patients without such treatment. PMID- 6526031 TI - Guidelines for exercise therapy of the elderly after myocardial infarction. AB - We have previously demonstrated that elderly male cardiac patients benefit from participation in early exercise programmes through enhancement of functional capacity and improved psychological responses to exertion. Based on our experience, we present guidelines for early exercise therapy in elderly cardiac patients. It appears that no special considerations need be made to reduce risk beyond those precautions already present in a standard programme for younger patients. In general, it is recommended that exercise therapy in the elderly utilize 70-85% of maximal heart rate, 3 days per week for 40 min per session. Specific modifications include: decreasing intensity of work on certain modalities due to limitations of specific muscle groups, increasing frequency of exercise sessions for persons with particularly low functional capacity, and emphasizing flexibility exercises which should also be included in the regular exercise therapy sessions. Our experience has indicated that elderly cardiac patients have little problem with adherence and safety in the exercise programme and that standard methods of exercise prescription can be utilized with only minor modifications. PMID- 6526032 TI - Ambulatory blood pressure and its response to exercise in the elderly. AB - Thirty-three elderly subjects--9 hypertensives, 15 with a history of unexplained falls and 9 asymptomatic volunteers, underwent 24 h continuous intra-arterial ambulatory blood pressure (BP) monitoring under controlled conditions. During this time their response to standardized exercise and baroreflex activity were assessed. The casual BP of the hypertensives was significantly higher than that of the other groups, but during ambulatory BP monitoring, the BP of all 3 groups fell and indeed diastolic BP (DBP) of the hypertensives and fallers was similar during the awake period of monitoring whilst all 3 groups had similar DBP during sleep. Variability of awake and sleep BP was similar. During exercise all 3 groups sustained similar increases in systolic BP (SBP) but the increase in DBP was lower in the volunteers. Baroreflex activity was similar in all groups. The results show little difference between the groups other than those pre-selected by casual BP measurement, and the parameters recorded reflect the process of ageing rather than specific abnormalities associated with the elderly hypertensives or fallers. PMID- 6526033 TI - Gold 195m radionuclide ventriculography in the assessment of left ventricular performance in fit elderly men. AB - We investigated, by radionuclide ventriculography, left ventricular function in 10 fit elderly men and in 11 young volunteers. During exercise in the young subjects left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) rose from 63 +/- 3 to 73 +/- 1 (P less than 0.005) and end systolic volume (ESV) fell from 48 +/- 6 to 38 +/- 5 ml (P less than 0 +/- 0.005) but were unchanged in the elderly (57 +/- 3 to 55 +/ 3 and 57 +/- 6 to 64 +/- 7 ml, respectively (NS). End diastolic volume (EDV) did not change in either group; stroke volume rose significantly only in the younger subjects, cardiac output rose in both groups but less in the elderly (5 +/- 0.5 to 12 +/- 1 vs 6 +/- 0.5 to 18 +/- 11 min-1). We conclude that this data lend support to the hypothesis that increasing age is associated with reduced left ventricular contractile performance. PMID- 6526034 TI - Endurance capacity of trained older aged athletes. AB - Seven older cyclists (mean age 66.9 years) still engaged in severe endurance training (mean = 8114.3 km year-1) were examined medically, echocardiographically and they underwent a maximal stress test on a bicycle. Mean maximal values were VO2,max = 44.7 ml, Wmax = 261.4 and heart rate = 157.4 beats min-1. The heart volume/max O2-pulse ratio (mean = 46.1) and the TEDD/max O2-pulse ratio (mean = 3.37) were lower compared with age related untrained persons and demonstrate therefore the strong correlation between heart size and function in healthy older aged athletes. Parameters at the anaerobic threshold (lactate concentration 4 mmol l-1) and at the individual anaerobic threshold (lactate concentration 4.08 mmol l-1) showed no significant difference: for heart rate, mean = 133.7; and for W, mean 182.7. The relative oxygen consumption at the anaerobic threshold (mean = 77%/VO2,max) reflect a high endurance capacity of trained old persons, which enables those athletes to outstanding training and competition performance. Derived from that the results show in general the importance of regular endurance training, maintaining an improvement of the cardiovascular system during aging process. PMID- 6526035 TI - Age dependent variations in cardiac and skeletal muscle during short and long term treadmill-running of mice. PMID- 6526036 TI - Effects in elderly people 67-76 years of age of three-month endurance training on a bicycle ergometer. AB - Eight women and 4 men, mean age 71.1 years, examined by a clinical check-up participated in a bicycle ergometer training program (12 weeks with 3 training sessions per week). Symptom limited ergometric bicycle tests were performed before and after the training period. The training work load was continuously controlled by maintaining the training heart rate according to 60% of the maximum work load of the first test. To hold the training heart rate (HR) on a constant level the work load had to be increased systematically during the whole training period up to 180% of the level at the beginning. The working time in each training session was increased from 2 X 10 mm at the beginning up to 2 X 20 min after the sixth week. The maximum work load (+ 16%) and the maximum oxygen uptake (+ 11%) increased significantly. The submaximal HR decreased significantly. In contrast there was no significant difference in maximum HR and maximal change of base excess between the initial exercise test and the control study at the end of the training program. This indicates that the increased exercise capacity represents a real endurance training effect and not only an increase in the degree of exhaustion. We conclude that also in healthy people between 67-76 years a significant endurance effect is possible when the training work load and training time is increased systematically according to the rules of training sciences. PMID- 6526037 TI - Cardiac function at treadmill exercise in various age groups. AB - We compared the response to a modified Bruce treadmill exercise (EX) protocol lasting 7 min in 5 groups of male individuals free of clinical heart disease: I (age less than 35 years, N = 12), II (age 35-44 years, N = 10), III (age 45-54 years, N = 13), IV (age 55-64 years, N = 13) and V (age greater than 65, mean 70.35 +/- 4.67 years, N = 20). The following data were compared: (a) Heart rate (HR), systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP); resting (R) and their % changes at pre-EX standing and at 3, 6, 7 min, immediately and 2 and 4 min after EX (where EX is a relatively low grade of exercise). (b) The R QS2/QT and PEP/LVET ratios and their % change immediately and 4 min after EX. Resting and peak SBP was higher in groups IV and V. The various groups responded in a similar way to EX. The only significant difference was that the older age group (V) showed on the whole an increase in DBP with EX while groups I-III showed a decrease and group IV no change. This finding may reflect a lesser diminution in vascular resistance with EX in old age. However, inotropic and chronotropic reserves appear similar to those of younger individuals. PMID- 6526038 TI - Clinical value of exercise testing in elderly patients. AB - Between 1978 and 1983, 1391 exercise tests were performed by 1083 males and 308 females over 64 years of age. This represents 17% of the total number of 8213 exercise tests. A history of myocardial infarction was present in 53% of the males and 30% of the females, while 12% of patients had previous heart surgery. Exercise was performed on a bicycle ergometer with stepwise workload increments of 10 or 20 W min-1. In 10% of patients the physician stopped the test because of serious arrhythmias or abnormal blood pressure response. The test was terminated because of fatigue (40%), angina (12%), dyspnea (18%) or tired legs and claudicatio (18%). Peak workload averaged 115 W in males and 85 W in females, which corresponds to 120% of the predicted normal values. Heart rate increased on average to 130 beats min-1 and systolic blood pressure increased to 180 mmHg. ECG changes compatible with myocardial ischaemia were observed in 42% of patients. Although elderly patients constitute a small fraction of the population referred for exercise testing, these findings indicate that the clinical value of the test when performed is similar to that in younger patients. The observation that most patients achieved higher than 'normal' maximum workloads may be due to unreliability of the reference values. PMID- 6526039 TI - Stress testing in persons above the age of 65 years: applicability and diagnostic value of a standardized maximal symptom-limited testing protocol. AB - A standardized symptom-limited stress test on a bicycle ergometer in semisupine position is examined in regard to its applicability in patients over the age of 65. The test protocol allows for exercise at full capacity in the elderly. Its value for diagnosis of coronary heart disease is equivalent with its value in the younger patients' group. In 167 patients above 65 years, there occurred only one case of pulmonary rales with exercise, no other complication could be observed (0.568%). Standardized, symptom-limited stress testing appears to be a simple, highly diagnostic and safe method for testing exercise capacity or diagnosing coronary heart disease in the elderly as in younger persons. PMID- 6526040 TI - Scintigraphic left ventricular function during exercise in elderly patients with coronary artery disease. AB - Left ventricular performance at rest and during supine symptom-limited exercise was determined by radionuclide ventriculography (RNV) in 65 subjects of the age of 65 years or older. Eleven subjects had no evidence of coronary artery disease (CAD) by history or submaximal stress ECG. In this control group left ventricular ejection fraction (LV-EF) increased from 0.62 +/- 0.09 (mean +/- SD) to 0.69 +/- 0.08 with a further increase in regional wall motion. There were 10 patients with a history of hypertension or atypical angina without infarction. Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) at rest was 0.65 +/- 0.11 and showed no significant increase during exercise (mean exercise tolerance: 73 +/- 33W). Nineteen patients had an anterior infarction. LVEF at rest was 0.44 +/- 0.16 and as a group showed no change during exercise (mean exercise tolerance: 70 +/- 23W). Only two of 19 patients showed an increase of LVEF greater than 0.10. There were 19 patients with inferior infarction. LVEF at rest was 0.49 +/- 0.08 and showed also no significant change during exercise (mean exercise tolerance: 80 +/- 25W). Four of 19 patients showed an increase of LVEF in response to exercise. The five patients with two or more infarctions showed a markedly decreased resting LVEF of 0.28 +/- 0.11 with a further decline (0.22 +/- 0.09) during exercise (mean exercise tolerance: 45 +/- 32W). Therefore, age by itself does not significantly impair left ventricular ejection fraction at rest and during exercise. RNV appears as a valuable method in evaluating left ventricular performance of older patients with a similar response to exercise as in younger persons without or with comparable disease. PMID- 6526041 TI - Diagnostic exercise testing in 104 patients over 65 years of age. AB - Since 1979 we have carried out symptom limited exercise stress tests for the diagnosis of chest pain in 104 patients, 61 male, 43 female, over 65 years of age; mean age 68 +/- 3 years. An upright bicycle ergometer was used for 64 tests, a treadmill for 38 tests and a supervised walk for 2 patients unable to undergo formal exercise testing. A positive result of greater than or equal to 1 mm of ST depression was recorded in 45% of patients; males 57%, females 28% (P less than 0.01). Bicycle and treadmill tests were equally likely to produce a positive result; bicycle 43%, treadmill 50% (NS). The limiting symptom was chest pain in 43%, dyspnoea in 26% and fatigue in 30% of patients. No serious arrhythmias or collapses occurred. During a mean follow up to 24 +/- 18 months 13 patients died. A positive exercise test was associated with a significantly increased risk of cardiac death; 8 of 47 patients with positive tests died compared with 1 of 57 patients with negative or equivocal tests (P less than 0.02). The remaining 4 deaths were due to malignancy. Exercise testing can thus be safely performed in elderly subjects with the expectation of a high diagnostic yield. A positive result confers a poor prognosis. PMID- 6526042 TI - Diagnostic value of stress testing in the elderly. AB - The exercise tests performed by 197 patients aged 65 years or more (mean age 68.8) have been reviewed, including 43 healthy subjects, 20 with high blood pressure, 10 with mitral valve disease and 125 with demonstrated coronary artery disease. All tests were done on an electrical cycloergometer, with load increases of 30 W every 3 min. Eighty-four (42.6%) achieved at least 85% of their maximal predicted heart rate. The reasons for non-achievement of this heart rate were limitation by symptoms (30.2%), betablocker therapy (25.8), exhaustion (20.2%), pain in lower extremities (14%) and non-adaptation to cycloergometer (10%). The maximum load achieved and the duration of exercise were significantly lower in mitral and coronary patients. Functional aerobic capacity was decreased in coronary and mitral patients. The VO2 max was directly determined in 45 patients. Mean values (ml kg-1 min-1) were 33.3 +/- 3.5 in normals, 15.4 +/- 6.2 in coronary and 15.8 +/- 4.1 in mitral patients. The incidence of arrhythmias during exercise was higher in hypertensive (55%) than in mitral (40%), normal (33.3%) and coronary patients (32.8%). In 5 patients the test had to be interrupted because of ventricular tachycardia. The yield of ST depression (greater than 0.1 mV) or elevation (greater than 0.2 mV) in the diagnosis of coronary artery disease was 0.62 sensitivity and 0.93 specificity. We conclude that stress test is a useful tool in cardiovascular diagnosis among older patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6526043 TI - Exercise testing in elderly patients with coronary artery disease. PMID- 6526044 TI - Role of exercise testing and stress thallium scintigraphy in the management of old men with suspected or documented coronary artery disease. AB - From 217 old men submitted to a symptom-limited maximal exercise test, 145 had also an exercise thallium scintigraphy; 44 of those patients were submitted to an angiography. The decision to perform angiography in these aged patients was based mostly on their history and their complaints. This decision was likely influenced by the results of the exercise test; even in symptomatic patients, angiography was rarely performed when the exercise data were normal (normal ECG, no angina during the test). The thallium scintigraphy was not a major element in the overall clinical decision making: when the scintigraphy was available, it contributed, however, to refine the decision whether or not to perform an angiography. PMID- 6526045 TI - Diagnostic value of exercise testing versus long-term ECG in evaluation of arrhythmias in old age. AB - The usefulness of exercise testing (ET) in old age is so far undefined particularly for detection of arrhythmias. We compared the diagnostic value of ET with 24-h long-term ECG recording (LT-ECG) in patients older than 70 years that were evaluated because of symptoms possibly related to arrhythmias. In 37 patients (age 72.8 +/- 2.7 years) the incidence of ventricular arrhythmias (LOWN greater than or equal to 1) was greater during ET (67%) than during 24-h LT-ECG recording (48%, P less than 0.01). Complex ventricular arrhythmias were detected in 6/37 patients (16%) by ET, in 9/37 patients (24%) by LT-ECG, in one patient (3%) by both tests and in 14/37 patients (37%) by one of the two tests, while 23/37 patients (63%) had no significant complex arrhythmias recorded by either test. During ET 12 patients (32%) showed signs of myocardial ischaemia with ST depression greater than or equal to 0.2 mV and/or increasing angina pectoris. In 42% of these patients complex ventricular arrhythmias LOWN greater than or equal to 3 occurred during ET. Thus both ET and LT-ECG are useful methods to uncover arrhythmias in symptomatic patients older than 70 years and have to be considered as complementary tools. PMID- 6526046 TI - Exercise haemodynamics in patients over 65 years of age with recent myocardial infarction. AB - Five hundred patients underwent exercise testing during haemodynamic monitoring 36 +/- 17 days after an acute myocardial infarction: 136 were 45 or less years of age (group A), 323 aged 46-64 years of age (group B) and 41 were over 64 years of age (group C). Group C showed at rest a lower stroke volume and cardiac output (CO) and during exercise a more frequent ST depression, a higher pulmonary artery end-diastolic pressure at a lower work load and a higher incidence of patients with inappropriate increments of CO. The differences among groups were statistically significant (P less than 0.05) and independent of the extension of necrosis and the presence of myocardial ischaemia. It is concluded that these changes are at least partially age-related. PMID- 6526047 TI - Exercise test in patients over 65 years of age after the first myocardial infarction. AB - In 171 patients a submaximal exercise test was performed 3-6 weeks after the first acute myocardial infarction. No complications in connection with exercise test were observed. The incidence of ST/T-segment changes was significantly higher in patients over age 50. Patients over age 60 have a significantly higher incidence of PVCs as well as complex ventricular arrhythmias. In this patient group the incidence of ventricular arrhythmias was higher in patients with ST/T segment changes during exercise. In the younger patients there was no correlation between incidence of ST/T-segment changes and arrhythmias. A high percentage of patients with no arrhythmias during exercise also had no arrhythmias during Holter. During follow up the average mortality rate was 3.6% and was not significantly different in the four age groups. PMID- 6526048 TI - Renin and angiotensin responses to posture and exercise in elderly patients with heart failure. AB - Activation of the renin-angiotensin system may in part be responsible for the abnormally increased vascular tone which occurs in heart failure; it has also been suggested that this system's responsiveness may diminish with age. We investigated the effects of posture and upright exercise on renin, angiotensin II, aldosterone and catecholamines in 8 patients over 65 years and in 10 patients under 65 years, all of whom had congestive heart failure. Samples were taken supine, after 5 min standing in the upright posture, and after exercise. Exercise time was similar between the two groups [5 X 3 +/- 1 X 9 min (mean +/- SD) in the younger group, compared with 5 X 2 +/- 3 X 4 min in the older group]. Resting renin and angiotensin II were similar and rose on standing with a further increase during exercise; there were no statistically significant differences between the groups. However, aldosterone rose during exercise only in the younger group, while increases in plasma noradrenaline were greater in the elderly. This study implies that the efficacy of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors is likely to be maintained in the elderly patient with heart failure. PMID- 6526049 TI - Early post-myocardial infarction exercise testing in subjects 70 years or more of age. Functional and prognostic evaluation. AB - A subjective maximal exercise test was performed in 62 patients, 70 years of age or more, in the third week after an acute myocardial infarction. Forty-two percent of the surviving AMI population in this age group could be tested. The estimated aerobic work capacity of the patients was on the average about 3 mets. Their maximal heart rate was about 70-80% below the normal age predicted maximum. A low increase of the pressure-rate product from rest to maximal exercise and occurrence of major exercise associated ventricular arrhythmias identified a high risk group of 32 patients with probability of 4.5 year survival of 0.250 vs 0.767 in the remaining patients (P less than 10(-5)). PMID- 6526050 TI - Ineligibility for predischarge exercise testing after myocardial infarction in the elderly: implications for prognosis. AB - This study describes the clinical profile and prognosis of elderly patients not eligible for predischarge exercise testing. The database consisted of 133 patients 55-64 years of age, and 111 patients older than 64 years of age who survived an acute myocardial infarction. Follow-up was one year. In the younger age group, 24 (18%) patients were unable to perform the test, in contrast to 63 (57%) of the elderly subjects. In these two groups, one-year mortality rates were 13% and 37%, compared with 6% and 4% for the respective patients eligible for stress testing. Clinical profile and radionuclide ejection fraction between ineligible patients in both age groups were similar. Ejection fraction measurement was the best predictor of late mortality in those patients who did not have an exercise test. It is concluded that ineligibility for predischarge exercise test identifies a high-risk group, especially in patients older than 64 years of age. PMID- 6526051 TI - Comparison of the kinetics of methylene-diphosphonate (MDP) and dicarboxypropan diphosphonic acid (DPD), two radio-diagnostics for bone scintigraphy. AB - Two 99mTc-labelled radio-diagnostics for bone scintigraphy, dicarboxypropan diphosphonic acid (DPD) and methylene-diphosphonate (MDP) were compared. The test parameters were the time-activity curves of serum and of deproteinised serum, time-activity curves in regions of interest above the femur, the sacrum and the soft tissue medial of the femur, and the urinary excretion. The ratio of bone lesion to normal bone was compared for 6 h after the injection of each compound. The time-activity curves in the serum and the deproteinised serum were not very different, therefore the percentage of the radio-diagnostics bound to protein in blood were nearly the same. At 14 h post-injection nearly 80% of the activity remaining in the blood pool was bound to protein. The urinary excretion of MDP was 25% higher than that of DPD, because the renal clearance of DPD was 41% lower than that of MDP. The non-excreted activity was bound to bone; therefore in the regions of interest set above the sacrum, the femur and the soft tissue the activity ratio was 27% higher for DPD for the ratio os sacrum to soft tissue and 21% higher for the ratio femur to soft tissue, but there were similar results for both substances for the ratio bone lesion to normal bone; therefore MDP was not better than DPD in detecting bone lesions. PMID- 6526052 TI - Comparison between visual assessment and quantitative measurement of radioactivity on the bone scintigram in Paget's disease of bone. AB - Two methods of evaluating bone scintigrams in Paget's disease of bone were compared. Bone scintigraphy was performed after IV injection of 20 mCi 99mTc-Sn EHDP. Qualitative evaluation was carried out by visual assessment of the photographs of the oscilloscope of the gamma camera, using a scale of six well defined scores. Quantitative evaluation of uptake of radionuclide was obtained by calculating the ratio of the number of counts per pixel in pagetoid bone with that in comparable normal bone; measurements were performed by a computer interfaced to the gamma camera, after marking the regions of interest with a light-pen. In 42 patients with untreated Paget's disease there was a linear relationship between the visually assessed score and the logarithm of the computer-measured ratio. In 27 patients treated with APD a decrease in uptake was measured in all lesions and was usually also detected visually; however, in 14% of these lesions the changes (ranging from 9% to 70%) were not visible to the eye. Here too, visual estimation of the changes corresponded to the logarithm of the measured changes. In conclusion, there is a semilogarithmic relationship between the visual and the physical methods. PMID- 6526053 TI - The relationship between cardiac output and effective renal plasma flow in patients with cardiac disease. AB - The relationship between effective renal plasma flow (ERPF) and cardiac output was examined in 46 patients (22 with congestive heart failure and 24 following cardiac surgical procedures) by simultaneously measuring the global ERPF by the single-injection method and cardiac output by the thermodilution method. Of the patients in the heart-failure group, 21 also had pulmonary artery end diastolic pressure (PAEDP) recorded at the same time. ERPF and cardiac output were found to be related by the regression equation: cardiac output = 2.08 +/- 0.0065 ERPF (r, 0.80), with a SE of estimate of 0.81 l/min. ERPF and PAEDP were related by the regression equation: PAEDP = 45.02-0.0675 ERPF (r, 0.86), with a SE of estimate of 5.5 mm Hg. ERPF may be a useful noninvasive method of estimating cardiac output if it is known that no intrinsic kidney disease is present, and if the error of 0.81 l/min (1 SE of estimate) is within the range of clinical usefulness. The error is principally attributable to the determination of cardiac output by the thermodilution method. PMID- 6526055 TI - The body/venous haematocrit ratio and its use for calculating total blood volume from fractional volumes. AB - The measurement of body/venous haematocrit ratio has been assessed in 329 cases, in order to study the degree of error if the total blood volume were calculated from the red cell or plasma volume, using a pre-established correction factor. Three facts are clear from this study: (1) the ratio (correction factor f) is slightly lower than in the previous published data; (2) in polycythaemic and normal subjects, a low dispersion of the results around the mean value makes the potential error very low in all the cases; (3) in patients with an enlarged spleen, with anaemia and with dysproteinaemia, the large variation from case to case of the body/venous haematocrit ratio could cause large errors in determining total blood volume when using such a simplified method. PMID- 6526054 TI - An experimental study of deep-vein thrombosis using 99mTc-fibrinogen. AB - The in vivo and in vitro behavior of 99mTc-fibrinogen was investigated in rats, as well as the relationship between its incorporation into thrombi and gamma imaging in deep-vein thrombosis. 99mTc-Fibrinogen manifested satisfactory physicochemical and biological properties, and its in vivo stability was demonstrated by a high ability to clot in the circulating blood. High ratios of thrombus-to-blood were found between 4 and 24 h after the injection of this agent in 30-min thrombi. Among 30-min to 7-day thrombi, the highest ratio was found in 1-day thrombi and the lowest in 7-day thrombi. Hot spots on the scan were clearly visualized in fresh thrombi. It is concluded that 99mTc-fibrinogen is a very useful and promising scanning agent for the diagnosis of active thrombosis. PMID- 6526056 TI - Multiple cerebral hydatid cysts. AB - A 39-year-old woman was admitted to hospital with headaches, vomiting, psychic impairment and diplopia. Three hydatid cysts of the lung had been previously removed. An avascular mass in the left hemisphere with left-to-right displacement of the anterior cerebral arteries was noted during a brain angioscintigraphy. A computed tomography (CT) brain scan showed two cystic lesions situated in the left-frontal and occipital regions. A CT abdominal scan showed multiple cysts in the liver, spleen and both kidneys. At operation, two brain cysts were totally extirpated without rupture. The definite pathological diagnosis was secondary hydatid cysts. The headaches, vomiting and diplopia were persistent in the post operative period. Seven days after the operation, a CT brain scan showed an infratentorial cyst. The patient rejected any surgical intervention. PMID- 6526057 TI - Quantification of valvular regurgitation. PMID- 6526058 TI - Schizophrenia suspecta. AB - We investigated what makes a Schneider-oriented psychiatrist diagnose "suspected schizophrenia" yet nevertheless stop short of a definitive diagnosis of schizophrenia. We compared the case records of 1208 patients hospitalised for schizophrenia for the first time in their life and all patients with discharge diagnosis "suspected schizophrenia" (n = 358). We found that the main factors for making the diagnosis of "suspected schizophrenia" are, as when using Bleuler's concept, intrasymptomatological ones, i.e. type, structure and constellation of symptoms. Hereby the non-committal character of the "expression symptoms in the wider sense" (Schneider), i.e. disorders of thought, of affect and behaviour, is of particular importance. Psychotic productive symptoms in the form of delusions or hallucinations alone are not always sufficient to confirm the diagnosis of schizophrenia. Even first rank symptoms cannot establish the diagnosis schizophrenia if certain factors reducing their pathognomonic value are present. PMID- 6526060 TI - [Correlation of acetylcholine receptor antibodies and clinical severity of myasthenia gravis in combined immunosuppressive therapy]. AB - The correlation between the severity of symptoms in myasthenia gravis (score) and the level of acetylcholine receptor-antibodies (ACHR-Ab) was studied in 24 patients treated with immunosuppressive therapy. This correlation was significant in every case regardless of whether or not thymectomy was performed in addition. It was demonstrated by means of a long-term follow up study, that a change in ACHR-Ab preceeds the corresponding change in score by 2-4 months in 80% of our patients. Measurements of ACHR-Ab ease the management of the therapy with immunosuppressants and make it safer. This is particularly true prior to and after termination of the treatment. A change in ACHR-Ab level by more than 20% indicates a change in score. PMID- 6526059 TI - The diencephalon in schizophrenia: evidence for reduced thickness of the periventricular grey matter. AB - To find out whether ventricular enlargement in schizophrenia, as demonstrated by neuroradiological methods, is caused by an atrophy of ventricle surrounding diencephalic structures, volume measurements and linear measurements of the whole thalamus, all large thalamic subnuclei and some extrathalamic brain parts were carried out on serial sections of post mortem brains belonging to the Vogt collection. The only significantly diminished parameter of this study was the thickness of the periventricular grey matter surrounding the third ventricle, while the volume and linear measurements of the whole thalamus and all large thalamic subnuclei were not significantly changed. The findings are discussed with respect to current hypotheses of diencephalic dysfunction in schizophrenia. PMID- 6526061 TI - Haloperidol plasma levels and clinical response in paranoid schizophrenics. AB - The relationship between haloperidol plasma levels, plasma prolactin, and therapeutic efficacy was evaluated in 20 paranoid schizophrenics in a fixed-dose study for 6 weeks. We found a significant intrapatient cross-correlation of therapeutic efficacy, as measured by decrease in MSS and BPRS rating scales and time-dependent haloperidol and prolactin changes, which were tested at weekly intervals. However, no significant curvilinear relationship was present between steady-state haloperidol plasma levels and MSS and BPRS improvement scores. Our data do not furnish clear-cut evidence in favor of the existence of a therapeutic window for haloperidol plasma levels in paranoid schizophrenia. PMID- 6526062 TI - [Social integration and contacts to reference persons of the normal social environment in inpatient treatment in the psychiatric hospital. A prospective catamnestic study of patients admitted for the first time with schizophrenic and cyclothymic psychoses]. AB - Fifty first-admission inpatients (27 women, 23 men; mean age 35.1 years) with schizophrenia (n = 35) or affective disorders (n = 15) participated in a standardized, half-open interview about contact with people outside the hospital. The frequency of contact was compared with outcome, as based on a 1-year follow up. Nearly all patients (48 of 50) had "direct" contact with relatives and friends during the week (means = 3/week): 45 patients had visitors, 13 went home on weekends. Thirty-five patients had contact with the outside by telephone, and 21 by letter; only 12 patients indicated no "indirect" contact. The frequency of contact had no relationship to sex, age or diagnosis. The significant factors were: structure of the patient's family, his/her educational and occupational level, social network, means of admission, conditions of hospitalization, and length of stay. The distance between the patient's residence and the hospital markedly influenced the frequency of visits and weekend holidays. The importance of frequent interaction with the usual social environment was verified by follow up: 11 patients with rare or only average contact had unfavorable results (readmission or suicide by 1 year after discharge or long-term hospitalization); on the other hand, none of the patients with frequent direct contact outside the hospital showed poor results. There is no reason for indiscriminate criticism of the relatives of psychiatric inpatients according to etiological hypotheses of "family research"; above all, patients without relationships with a family or friends have to be regarded as at risk.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6526063 TI - [Epidural hematoma before and following introduction of cerebral computer tomography]. AB - An analysis of 120 extradural hematomas 7 years before and after introduction of computerized axial tomography (CT) showed that application of this new method resulted in considerable progress in diagnostic accuracy and a small saving of time. It was, however, prognostically decisive that the physician at the site of the accident or in the first-aid unit recognized the risk of imminent bleeding and immediately arranged for transport to the neurosurgical centre. The significance of the "typical" early symptoms of extradural hematomas was analysed. The importance of the exposed temporoparietal skull fracture, of careful neurological supervision and generous diagnostic use of the CT-scan is stressed. PMID- 6526064 TI - The EEG in hypnosedative drug withdrawal and dependence. AB - Compulsive hypnosedative drug use is commonly associated with the development of tolerance and physical dependence. As most data are derived from human or animal experiments, electroclinical correlations in the clinical field are rather scarce. The informative value of the EEG features registered in 22 patients presenting minor and/or major signs of a clinical hypnosedative drug withdrawal syndrome are discussed. The electroclinical correlations are investigated and the physiopathogenesis of both clinical and EEG dysfunction are related to the neurochemical theory of dependence and withdrawal. It is suggested that the drug withdrawal syndrome represents a transient unbalanced metabolic state at the neuronal cellular level, which may be included among the causes of metabolic encephalopathies. The severity of this encephalopathy and the moment at which it occurs depend on both exogenous and personal factors. PMID- 6526065 TI - [Long-term prognosis of patients with juvenile infarct. Catamnestic results]. AB - Seventy patients suffering from ischemic cerebrovascular disease had had their first attack before the age of 40 years. Of these patients 57 were re-examined 84 months (mean) after the initial event. Within 48 months, 22 of 51 patients (43.1%) without surgical treatment had recurrent ischemic events (78.6% patients with transient ischemic attacks, 33.3% patients with protracted reversible deficits, 28.6% patients with completed stroke). Of all patients 31.5% had their first recurrent attack during the first year, most of them during the first few months after the initial event. In spite of the considerably higher recurrence rate, patients with initial transient ischemic attacks or protracted reversible deficits had a lower degree of social disability at the end of the follow-up period than patients with an initial completed stroke. In 72.2% of the patients with recurrent events the ischemic focus was found in a vascular area different from the one originally concerned. Patients with arterial hypertension during the follow-up period had a somewhat less-favorable long-term prognosis, but nicotine abuse or relative body weight had no influence on the degree of social disability at the end of the follow-up period. In general, long-term prognosis was rather favorable, 78.4% of the patients being fully capable of work at the end of the follow-up period. Nevertheless, results point to the necessity of complete diagnostic evaluation without delay and introduction of individual therapy for patients suffering from "juvenile stroke." PMID- 6526066 TI - Case report of infarction in the region of the posterior spinal arteries. AB - Spinal cord infarction in the region of the posterior spinal arteries is reported in a 62-year-old woman. The softening was restricted to the lumbosacral region involving two segments. Sectioning the affected and adjacent segments serially no occlusion was found in the posterior spinal arteries. Besides the circumscribed infarction the microscopic picture of the spinal cord was characteristic of vascular myelopathy. The underlying disorders of the previously reported cases and the predisposing factors contributing to the development of infarction are discussed. It is concluded that an insufficient anastomotic network plays the essential role in the pathogenesis of the spinal cord infarction. PMID- 6526067 TI - Is 'schizophrenia, schizo-affective type' a useful diagnosis? Ten years experience from Danish psychiatric hospitals. AB - During the period 1 April 1970 to 31 March 1980, 1,039 admissions (592 males and 447 females) with the main diagnosis schizophrenia, schizo-affective type, were registered in Danish psychiatric hospitals. Based on the Danish Central Psychiatric Register, 114 patients first admitted to psychiatric hospitals in the period 1970 to 1978 with the main diagnosis schizophrenia, schizo-affective type in at least one admission are described. The results show a continued increase in the use of the diagnosis, but the variation in the use both in different psychiatric hospitals and in patients' admission histories is striking. The question, whether the diagnosis is useful in this way, is discussed, and a proposal for a different international classification of schizo-affective psychoses is given. PMID- 6526068 TI - Hyperprolactinemia fails to increase striatal dopamine receptors in male and female C57BL/6J mice. AB - Mice were administered prolactin by either homotypic anterior pituitary grafts (4 weeks) or subcutaneous osmotic pumps containing ovine prolactin (1 week). The pituitary grafts produced considerably greater elevations of circulating prolactin than the osmotic pumps. In neither case was any change detected in striatal [3H]spiperone binding to dopamine receptors. These results are discussed in the context of contradictory evidence obtained with rats. PMID- 6526069 TI - Antiasthmatic effects of onion extracts--detection of benzyl- and other isothiocyanates (mustard oils) as antiasthmatic compounds of plant origin. AB - Previous studies showed the inhibitory effects of crude ethanolic onion extracts (COE) on allergic skin reactions in man as well as on allergen-induced bronchial asthma in man and guinea-pigs. Work is in progress in order to identify both the mode of action of COE and the active substance(s). The present study describes asthma-protective effects of isothiocyanates. Groups of at least 5 guinea-pigs sensitized to ovalbumin were challenged twice (time 0 and 10 min) by the inhalation of ovalbumin 30 min after oral treatment with increasing doses of the agent tested or control solutions. Bronchial obstruction (BO) was measured by whole body plethysmography. Chloroform extracts of onions showed similar protective effects on BO as COE. The water-soluble fraction of COE was inactive. Benzyl-isothiocyanate (BITC) was identified as one component of onion lipids by combined gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. BITC inhibited BO in a dose dependent fashion: 150 mg/kg: 89%; 75 mg/kg: 76%; 30 mg/kg: 66%; 15 mg/kg: 49%. Ethyl-isothiocyanate and allyl-isothiocyanate showed similar effects; p-hydroxy benzyl-isothiocyanate, a very unstable mustard oil, was ineffective. Additional experiments showed no antagonistic effects of COE on histamine- or acetylcholine induced BO. The antiasthmatic effects of onions and - perhaps - other plants may be mediated at least in part by isothiocyanates. PMID- 6526070 TI - Differential effects of phenylbutazone and local anesthetics on nociception in the equine. AB - The effects of procaine, mepivacaine and phenylbutazone on pain perception in the equine were studied using two behavioral assays of nociception; the thermal evoked hoof withdrawal reflex and skin twitch reflex. Pain perception threshold was measured as the latency from onset of thermal stimuli to reflex withdrawal of the forelimb or contraction of the cutaneous musculature. Procaine 2% and mepivacaine 2% prolonged the hoof withdrawal reflex latency when administered locally by producing a block of the palmar and metacarpal nerves. Significant analgesia lasted 90 min and 210 min for procaine and mepivacaine, respectively. Phenylbutazone (7.3 mg/kg) failed to alter pain thresholds measured over a 36 h post-treatment period. However, pain thresholds rose over time with successive trials. These data suggest that in the equine (1) phenylbutazone does not alter normal cutaneous pain perception, and (2) successive presentation of painful stimuli increases nociceptive thresholds. PMID- 6526071 TI - The effects of serotonin antagonists in a behavioral despair procedure in mice. AB - Six serotonin antagonists (pizotifen, mianserin, cyproheptadine, ketanserin, trazodone and methysergide) were tested in mice in a behavioral despair procedure. The behavioral despair procedure detects most antidepressant compounds. Pizotifen, mianserin and cyproheptadine were found to be active and the others were inactive. The serotonin binding potency at serotonin1 or serotonin2 receptors, or the ratio of potency at these receptors did not correlate with activity in the behavioral despair procedure. However, the serotonin antagonists that were active in the behavioral despair procedure were all found to be potent antagonists at histamine1 receptors. It is suggested that the activity of some serotonin antagonists in the behavioral despair procedure is best explained by their antihistaminergic potency. PMID- 6526072 TI - CGP 4718 A, a new potential antidepressant with a dual mode of action. AB - CGP 4718 A (4-[5-chloro-benzofuranyl-2-]-1-methylpiperidine HCl) was found to inhibit MAO A preferentially in vitro in a competitive manner. Assessment of its in vivo effects by an ex vivo approach showed it to be a relatively weak, reversible inhibitor of MAO A. There were also effects on MAO B but they were inferior by a factor of about 10. The onset of the inhibitory effects in rat liver and brain was rapid, being maximal in about 1 h following administration of CGP 4718 A p.o. The inhibition was of relatively short duration with the effects being undetectable 24 h after treatment. CGP 4718 A also inhibited the reuptake of serotonin (5-HT) in synaptosomes in vitro and ex vivo. Evidence for 5-HT uptake inhibition was also found by using the H 75/12 depletor model. Its in vitro and in vivo potency as a 5-HT uptake inhibitor was approximately the same as that of imipramine. The effects on MAO A and on 5-HT uptake occurred over a similar dose range (above 10 mg/kg p.o.) and also had a similar time course. No evidence for inhibitory effects on noradrenaline uptake was found in vivo. PMID- 6526073 TI - Manuals of food quality control. 5. Food inspection. PMID- 6526074 TI - Specifications for identity and purity of food colours. 28th session of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on food additives. Rome, 19-28 March 1984. PMID- 6526075 TI - Specifications for identity and purity of food additives. 28th session of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives. Rome, 19-28 March 1984. PMID- 6526076 TI - Use of microemulsions as liquid membranes. Improved kinetics of solute transfer at interfaces. PMID- 6526077 TI - Solute transport and perturbation at liquid/liquid interfaces. PMID- 6526078 TI - Facilitated transport across liquid/liquid interfaces and its relevance to drug diffusion across biological membranes. PMID- 6526079 TI - [Identification and determination of corticosteroids in adrenal gland extracts for pharmaceutical use with HPLC procedures]. PMID- 6526080 TI - [Further observations of the inhibitory effect of the disodium salt of 9-hydroxy 8,12-trans-19,20-bis-norprostanoic acid (rosaprostol) on gastric secretion]. PMID- 6526081 TI - [Dihydrotestosterone formation (5 alpha-reductase activity) in cultured human skin fibroblasts]. AB - Testosterone secreted from the testis is converted to dihydrotestosterone (DHT) in target tissues by 5 alpha-reductase and DHT exerts its action on the nucleus. Since skin is one of the target tissues of androgen we established a system for culturing human skin fibroblasts, and we investigated the conversion of testosterone to DHT in genital and nongenital skin fibroblasts obtained from males as well as from females. In our system, fibroblasts were incubated with 0.1 microM 1, 2-3H testosterone, and labeled metabolites were separated by thin layer chromatography. DHT formation was linear for 6 hours and the rate of DHT formation correlated with the growth phase of the fibroblasts. In the course of serial subculture, DHT formation did not change between the 3rd and 10th subculture in four cell strains. DHT formation in nongenital skin fibroblasts did not differ significantly between males and females. Fibroblasts obtained from male genital skin produced significantly greater amounts of DHT than those from male or female nongenital skin. Furthermore, DHT formation in genital skin fibroblasts did not differ between normal males and hypogonadal males. These data suggest that genital skin is the target tissue where testosterone strongly converts to DHT and the difference of male secondary sexual characteristic appearance between males and females may not depend on the sensitivity of the target tissues to androgen but on the secretion rate of androgen. PMID- 6526082 TI - [The metabolism of testosterone in the central nervous system (1). Analysis of testosterone metabolites in the anterior pituitary and hypothalamus using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and subcellular localization of testosterone converting enzyme]. AB - The aim of this study was to identify accurately the structure of testosterone metabolites in the anterior pituitary and hypothalamus for the investigation of the mechanism of androgen action in the central nervous system. Tissue homogenate and cellular fraction of male rat anterior pituitary and hypothalamus were incubated with testosterone-4-14C and testosterone-19-CD3 (14C/D3 = 1) in the presence of NADH and NADPH. The incubation media were extracted, and they were separated using thin layer chromatography (TLC). Using autoradiogram of TLC, four main radioactive fractions were found on the TLC. The TFA or TMS derivatives of every fraction were analyzed using GC-MS. The main metabolites in the anterior pituitary were identified as 5 alpha-androstan-17-ol 3-one; androst-4-ene-3, 17 dione, 5 alpha-androstane-3 alpha, 17 beta-diol, 5 alpha-androstane-3 beta, 17 beta-diol, androst-4-ene-3 alpha, 17 beta-diol and androst-4-ene-3 beta, 17 beta diol. The result in the hypothalamus was the same as that in the pituitary. The subcellular localization of metabolites in the anterior pituitary was as follows: 5 alpha-androstan-17-ol-3-one, 5 alpha-androstane-3 alpha, 17 beta-diol and 5 alpha-androstane-3 beta, 17 beta-diol were found in microsome; 5 alpha-androstane 3 alpha, 17 beta-diol and androst-4-ene-3 alpha, 17 beta-diol were found in soluble fraction. The result in the hypothalamus was the same as that in the pituitary. PMID- 6526083 TI - [A comparative study of C19 steroid-induced hypertension and deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)-salt hypertension]. AB - Recently, it has been recognized that 19-hydroxyandrostenedione (19-OH-AD), one of the C19 steroids, acts to amplify the mineralocorticoid activity and to elevate blood pressure. However, there is no detailed report about the pressor mechanism and the effects on several humoral depressor factors, i.e., kallikrein, kinin and prostaglandins etc. Therefore, we studied the differences in the pressor mechanisms and the changes in urinary prostaglandin E (PGE) and kinin excretions among deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)-salt hypertension, 19-OH-AD induced hypertension, and testosterone induced hypertension. In this study, DOCA, 19-OH-AD and testosterone were administered subcutaneously to castrated male rats (Wistar rats, 12 weeks) at a dose of 10 mg/body/week for the first 6 weeks. Then the doses were increased to 30 mg/body/week for the next 5 weeks. These experiments were done in metabolic cages. It was found that 19-OH-AD induced hypertension earlier than DOCA and testosterone. However, 19-OH-AD and testosterone had no effect on the levels of urinary kinin and PGE excretions, while DOCA significantly increased urinary kinin and PGE excretions immediately after the onset of hypertension. Furthermore, DOCA increased the urinary Na/K ratio, while 19-OH-AD and testosterone did not change the ratio. It is suggested that 19-OH-AD might induce the pressor action due to the changes in the vascular reactivity rather than the mineralocorticoid activity. PMID- 6526084 TI - [The effects of the intracerebroventricular administration of 5-hydroxytryptamine on hemodynamics in conscious rats. Participation of the serotonin receptor and the sympathetic nervous system]. AB - We have previously reported that the intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) administration of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) in conscious rats elicited significant pressor response, which was accompanied with an increase in plasma norepinephrine and the pressor response, was abolished by peripheral phenoxybenzamine pretreatment. For further investigation of the relationship between the serotonergic nervous system and the sympathetic nervous system, the effect of either i.c.v. or intravenous (i.v.) serotonin receptor antagonist, methysergide pretreatment on hemodynamic response to centrally administrated 5-HT was studied. Male Wistar rats weighing approximately 250g were used. On the day before the study, the unilateral carotid artery was cannulated (PE-50) to facilitate mean arterial pressure (MAP) and pressure triggered heart rate (HR) observation. Also, a cannula (PE-10) was inserted stereotaxically into the anterior horn of the lateral cerebral ventricle. The experiment was performed under a conscious and minimumly restrained state. After the observation of resting MAP and HR for at least 20 minutes, 5 microgram of 5-HT was given i.c.v. and MAP and HR were recorded for 50 minutes. Then, the rats were divided into two groups, one group (n = 9) received 1 microgram of i.c.v. methysergide and the other group (n = 10) received 1 mg/kg of i.v. methysergide. Ten minutes after either methysergide i.c.v. or i.v. treatment, 5 microgram of 5-HT was administrated i.c.v. again, and MAP and HR were observed for 30 minutes. Resting MAP and HR were 101.6 +/- 3.0mmHg and 413.8 +/- 20.0/min, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6526085 TI - Congenital fistulas of the lower lip. Radiographic evaluation. AB - Congenital fistula of the lower lip was observed in 3 members of a family. There was no evidence of associated congenital malformations. In the father, we performed fistulography with radiopaque substance, showing that the fistular tract extended beyond the orbicularis oris muscle, a feature with no previous report in the literature. PMID- 6526087 TI - International symposium on bifonazole. Copenhagen, June 21-23, 1984. PMID- 6526086 TI - Skin metastasis of adenocarcinoma of the urinary bladder. AB - A papillomatous tumor developed on the skin from the inguinal region to the middle of the right thigh. The histological findings showed tumor cells with papillary formation surrounded with fibrous stroma, and a diagnosis of metastatic adenocarcinoma of the lower gastrointestinal tract was ascertained. Autopsy findings revealed that the cutaneous metastasis was of urinary bladder origin. This paper reports the extreme rarity of metastasis from adenocarcinoma of the urinary bladder to the skin and the peculiar appearance of the cutaneous metastatic lesion. PMID- 6526088 TI - Treatment of tinea palmaris with Mycospor. AB - 12 patients with tinea palmaris were treated with Mycospor (Bifonazole); the average persistence of disease was 10.5 years and they were treated, on average, 4.5 times. The duration of treatment with Mycospor was between 20 and 300 days. The results show an exceptionally short duration of treatment in some individual cases, in others the usual obstinacy was confirmed. An explanation for this difference cannot be given just like unilateral mycoses in nearly all cases cannot be explained either. PMID- 6526090 TI - In vivo activity of bifonazole in guinea pigs: its characteristic features and comparison with clotrimazole. AB - To investigate the in vivo antimycotic activity of bifonazole, a new imidazole antifungal agent, the therapeutic effectiveness of several bifonazole preparations in the topical treatment of experimental Trichophyton mentagrophytes infection in guinea-pigs was tested. 1% cream, 1% solution or 1% polyethylene glycol solution of bifonazole was applied to infected sites on the skin at a dose of 0.3 g/day for 14 or 21 consecutive days, starting on the 3rd or 5th day after the infection. In all experiments, clotrimazole was employed as a reference drug in comparable formulations. The estimation of efficacy of treatment with active formulations was made on the basis of the score of skin lesion and the rate of positive skin cultures in comparison with those for infected, untreated or placebo-treated controls. The results are summarized as follows: (1) The treatment with each bifonazole preparation resulted in a significant improvement in local symptoms and complete heal as 6-10 days after initiation of application. After completion of the 14-day or 21-day treatment course, local skin cultures revealed either an elimination of or a significant decrease in the viable fungus count. (2) The therapeutic effectiveness of bifonazole appeared to be dependent on the duration of treatment; treatment in the 21-day course was more effective than that in the 14-day course, irrespective of the type of drug preparation. All these results clearly demonstrate a favorable topical efficacy of each bifonazole preparation in the guinea pig dermatophytosis model. PMID- 6526089 TI - Fungal infection of the ear. Etiology and therapy with bifonazole cream or solution. AB - Fungal infections of the auditory canal and middle ear are usually left unnoticed and regarded as a harmless saprophytic growth. However, these infections may become clinically significant in immunocompromised patients or patients undergoing long-term antibiotic treatment. This is demonstrated by characteristic case reports and confirmed by light and electron microscopic findings. Moreover, studies on animals with experimentally induced fungal infections have furnished evidence for the risk of the infection's spreading to the inner ear and causing serious damage to the organ of Corti; indirect damage to these structures by mycotoxins cannot be ruled out. To avoid complications of such severity of an allegedly harmless otomycosis we consider a quick and clinically easy to perform local treatment of high-risk patients as absolutely necessary. Such a treatment using bifonazole solution or cream was carried out on a number of patients and proved to be effective and free from side effects. PMID- 6526091 TI - Assessment of in vivo activity of bifonazole against dermatophytic infection in guinea pigs on the basis of the amount of a specific fungal cell wall component chitin in the infected skin. AB - The severity of experimental dermal infection with Trichophyton mentagrophytes in guinea pigs with or without receiving topical treatment with 1% creams of bifonazole or clotrimazole were estimated on the basis of fungal chitin content in the infected tissue. This criterion was favorably comparable with that based on local symptoms and, therefore, proved to be useful as a more objective and quantitative measure for assessment of therapeutic efficacy of such antifungal agents in the animal model of dermatophytosis. PMID- 6526092 TI - Retention time and concentration in human skin of bifonazole and clotrimazole. AB - The retention time and the extent of penetration in human skin of [14C] labelled bifonazole in comparison to [14C] labelled clotrimazole were investigated in 8 healthy volunteers. In the course of the investigation the backs of the volunteers were treated half with bifonazole, half with clotrimazole which remained on the skin for 24 h. From 24 to 168 h after the administration the skin was stripped with the tear-off strip technique. Three dermal layers of different depth were examined. The results of the examinations revealed, that the quantity of bifonazole that penetrated into the skin was more than twice as high as the quantity of clotrimazole. However, the half-lives and the mean retention times of bifonazole and clotrimazole were nearly similar to each other. PMID- 6526093 TI - Patient noncompliance in dermatomycosis. Results of a survey among dermatologists and general practitioners and patients. AB - Noncompliance among dermatomycosis patients exists in many forms and is widespread. Patients are noncompliant in two major areas: they reduce the number of necessary daily applications of the antifungal drug and they prematurely stop the therapy. A survey among 35 dermatologists and general practitioners as well as 230 dermatomycosis patients in Germany in 1982 showed that noncompliance is widespread: a total of 48% of patients neglected the proper daily dosage schedule, 44% reduced the number of daily applications, whereas 4% increased them. 25% of patients stopped treatment after the symptoms had disappeared. However, there is no such thing like the noncompliant patients personality. Depending on the kind of noncompliance, different personality structures appear. And based on the patient's overall attitude towards noncompliance - one third confesses to be noncompliant - the psychological picture becomes even more complex and multifaceted. Improving patient compliance seems to be most promising by better, i.e. more thorough, doctor-patient communication and antifungal drugs that minimize the risks of noncompliant behavior by requiring less daily applications and a shorter time of treatment. PMID- 6526094 TI - Special tests of visual function. Basic problems and clinical applications. International symposium, Schloss Rauisch-Holzhausen, March 24-27, 1983. PMID- 6526096 TI - Objective determination of visual acuity by visual evoked potentials. Optimized procedure and clinical value. PMID- 6526095 TI - Flash or pattern visual evoked potentials in children under 3 years? PMID- 6526097 TI - Bangerter occlusives versus spherical convex lenses in the evaluation of visual acuity by visually evoked cortical potentials. PMID- 6526098 TI - Subjective and objective investigation of visual functions in aggravation and simulation in the hospital. PMID- 6526099 TI - Objective estimation of visual acuity by means of optokinetic nystagmus. PMID- 6526101 TI - An electrophysiological approach to the diagnosis and treatment of glaucoma. PMID- 6526102 TI - The linear opponent color space. PMID- 6526100 TI - Pattern electroretinogram and glaucoma. PMID- 6526103 TI - Uhthoff's phenomenon in the low-frequency flash-evoked cortical potential. PMID- 6526104 TI - Slow retinal potentials in diseases of the retinal pigment epithelium. PMID- 6526105 TI - Electrophysiological results in several types of macular dystrophy. PMID- 6526106 TI - Electroretinogram and ocular toxicity. PMID- 6526107 TI - Effect of repeated therapeutic doses of digoxin on relative red and green sensitivity detected by Nagel's anomaloscope in healthy trichromats. PMID- 6526108 TI - Application of electrodiagnostic methods in ophthalmology. PMID- 6526109 TI - Unusual electroretinograms. PMID- 6526110 TI - Retinotopic examinations with magneto encephalography. Single-channel recordings of visually evoked neuromagnetic fields. PMID- 6526111 TI - Frequency distribution of b-wave amplitudes in the human electroretinogram. PMID- 6526112 TI - Physiological basis and clinical application of pattern electroretinogram. PMID- 6526113 TI - Comments on the role of psychophysics today. PMID- 6526114 TI - Visually evoked cortical potentials in strabismus alternans. PMID- 6526115 TI - Maturation of pattern evoked potentials elicited by checkerboard reversal. PMID- 6526116 TI - Wavelength-dependent abnormalities of pattern evoked cortical responses in young diabetics. PMID- 6526117 TI - Reflections on chronic pain in gynecologic practice. PMID- 6526118 TI - The value of an auditory stimulatory test in antenatal fetal cardiotocography. AB - One hundred auditory stimulatory antenatal fetal cardiotocographic tests were compared to standard non-stress tests in patients with pregnancy hypertension. The incidence of equivocal tests was significantly reduced. The A.S.T. is a simple and reliable test for assessing fetal heart reactivity in hypertensive pregnancy. PMID- 6526119 TI - Cancer of the endometrium stage I--standardized or individualized treatment? AB - Cancer of the endometrium is the most frequent gynecological cancer in many western countries. About 75% are in stage I, which comprises a wide range of tumors of different prognosis. Survival rates with any form of standardized treatment have not increased significantly in the last decades. The rationale for an individualized treatment of stage I cancers is explained and our present treatment modalities are described. It is for the future to decide whether or not such a policy is beneficial. PMID- 6526120 TI - The endometrial adenocarcinoma as a model for hormone-dependency and hormone responsiveness of gynaecological cancers. AB - The endometrial adenocarcinoma is studied as a model for the hormone-dependency of gynaecological cancers to estrogens and for their hormone-responsiveness to progestogens and anti-estrogens. The evident direct and the possible indirect mechanisms of action of medroxyprogesterone and tamoxifen on the endometrial adenocarcinoma are elucidated in vitro as well as in vivo with special regard to histological, histochemical, cytological, biochemical, endocrinological and clinical data. The modalities, side-effects and monitoring of the treatment by means of medroxyprogesterone and tamoxifen in early and recurrent or metastatic endometrial adenocarcinoma are discussed. Finally, new perspectives are opened on combined anti-estrogen + progestogen treatment of all gynaecological malignancies, with special regard to the cytosol steroid receptor concentrations and to the bioavailability of progestogens and anti-estrogens. PMID- 6526121 TI - Prognostic value of peritoneal fluid cytology in patients with endometrial cancer stage I. AB - With increasing depth of invasion of the endometrial adenocarcinoma in the myometrium an increasing number and percentage of patients with endometrial adenocarcinoma cells in the pouch of Douglas are found. The presence or absence of endometrial tumour cells can be used as an indicator of the depth of invasion in the myometrium. Survival is correlated with the presence of endometrial adenocarcinoma cells in cases with deep invasion; 50% recurrent disease was observed when the fluid was positive, no recurrent disease when negative. No correlation between survival and presence or absence of tumour cells in the Douglas fluid was found in cases with superficial invasion of the tumour in the myometrium. PMID- 6526122 TI - Psychological factors of female infertility. PMID- 6526124 TI - Ectopic pregnancy: not only a tubal disease. AB - Case histories of women with an obstetrical history and a current ectopic pregnancy (EP) were studied. When causal factors for EP such as salpingitis or inadequate contraception were ruled out there was a higher incidence of spontaneous abortion, ectopic pregnancy, and early labor (P less than 0.01) compared to matched controls. When the results of the first pregnancy after EP were studied the incidence of spontaneous abortion and early labor was higher (P = 0.01) than in matched controls. PMID- 6526123 TI - Technique and results of ovarian microsurgery in preparation for in vitro fertilization. AB - A microsurgical technique was used to free the ovaries in women with severe adnexal adhesions, specifically to facilitate subsequent egg retrieval for in vitro fertilization. The surgical technique is described in detail. Eighteen of these patients had a single attempt at laparoscopic collection of oocytes. From 15 women in whom ovariolysis had been successful, 27 eggs were obtained (mean 1.8 eggs per patient). Three conceptions occurred following embryo transfer and one other patient conceived spontaneously. These results suggest that ovariolysis before extra-corporeal fertilization is worthwhile in selected cases. PMID- 6526125 TI - Function-retaining surgical management of ectopic pregnancy. PMID- 6526126 TI - Unexplained infertility: 'Leuven' considerations. PMID- 6526128 TI - Modification of membrane protein organization during in vitro aging of human erythrocytes. AB - In in vitro aged human erythrocytes, the presence of protein clusters can be found on the membrane; these clusters are made up of peptides held together by disulfide bridges, since they can be nearly completely dissociated by dithiothreitol treatment. SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis after dithiothreitol dissociation indicates that the aggregates are made of peptide fragments with a molecular weight ranging from 20 to approximately 110 kdalton; none of these fragments correspond to an intact protein component of the membrane. Their formation results from oxidation and proteolysis of membrane, and perhaps cytoplasmic proteins. PMID- 6526127 TI - NAD(P)H dehydrogenase from rabbit and rat liver: purification and some properties. AB - NAD(P)H dehydrogenase from rabbit liver was purified to electrophoretic homogeneity using a procedure also found applicable for the rat liver enzyme. Rabbit and rat liver enzymes showed different behaviour in isoelectric focusing and different Km values and turnover numbers. Both enzymes were inhibited to similar extents by warfarin. The rabbit enzyme is composed of two subunits of mol. wt 27,000 and contained 1 FAD group per subunit. Some absorption and circular dichroism properties of the rat enzyme are shown. PMID- 6526129 TI - Effects of colchicine on milk yield, composition, and cellular differentiation during caprine lactogenesis. AB - Intramammary colchicine infusion into goats at parturition reduced milk yield by 20% during the 30 day experimental period. During the first week of lactation, milk composition from colchicine-treated udder halves had elevated somatic cell numbers, serum albumin concentration and pH, while citrate concentration was lower in comparison to uninfused glands. Levels of lactose from both infused and uninfused udder halves were normal during the first week of lactation. No differences were observed in degree of alveolar development in tissue samples collected prior to treatment. Light and electron microscopy suggested that colchicine-treated udder halves consisted predominantly of undifferentiated mammary secretory cells, while uninfused udder halves appeared more cytologically differentiated. Results demonstrated that intramammary colchicine infusion at parturition temporarily altered milk composition and inhibited mammary cellular differentiation. PMID- 6526130 TI - Protein synthesis initiation factor 2 from chicken reticulocytes: purification by affinity chromatography and preliminary characterization. AB - Affinity chromatography on beta,gamma-methylene guanosine 5'-triphosphate Sepharose was used to purify protein synthesis initiation factor eIF-2 from chicken reticulocytes. Gel filtration of the purified factor gave a molecular weight of 150,000, whereas electrophoresis of the purified factor on polyacrylamide gel containing sodium dodecyl sulfate revealed three non-identical subunits with apparent molecular weight of 57,000, 41,000 and 33,000. With Met tRNA and GTP, the factor formed a ternary complex which would bind the 40S ribosomal subunits. Treatment of the factor with N-ethylmaleimide resulted in a loss of activity. Two sulfhydryl groups per eIF-2 molecule were essential for activity. PMID- 6526131 TI - Chromatofocusing of apolipoproteins from human serum high density lipoprotein. AB - Human HDL was delipidated and the apolipoproteins were fractionated by chromatofocusing. Chromatofocusing, which separates proteins due to their differing isoelectric points, resulted in 8 peaks with corresponding pI values of 7.40, 6.92, 6.64, 5.48, 5.30, 5.18, 4.92 and 4.63. By one single chromatofocusing run four apolipoproteins were obtained in pure form. Two additional polypeptides could be purified during the desalting step using phenyl-Sepharose. PMID- 6526132 TI - A possible rate limiting factor in urea synthesis by isolated hepatocytes: the transport of ornithine into hepatocytes and mitochondria. AB - The uptake of ornithine by isolated hepatocytes and by the particulate fraction of these cells was measured under various conditions of urea synthesis. Under conditions of maximum urea synthesis, i.e. in the presence of glucose, ornithine, ammonium chloride and oleate, the cytosolic concentration and the mitochondrial concentration of ornithine was extremely low, while citrulline accumulated in the cytosol. The data indicate that the rate of citrulline synthesis is limited by the availability of mitochondrial ornithine. PMID- 6526133 TI - Behavior of enzyme activity in immobilized proteases. AB - Proteases such as trypsin, alpha-chymotrypsin, papain, and thermolysin were immobilized by radiation polymerization of various monomers at low temperatures, and behavior of enzyme activity in immobilized proteases was studied. The enzyme activity in immobilized proteases appeared to be different by the kind of proteases; the order of the magnitude of the enzyme activity was papain greater than trypsin greater than thermolysin greater than alpha-chymotrypsin. This difference of the enzyme activity was explained by the change of the molecular conformation in enzyme reaction. PMID- 6526134 TI - Anion activation of monkey muscle creatine kinase. AB - Creatine kinase from rhesus monkey skeletal muscle is activated by acetate and other short chain fatty acids. Activation is associated with lower Km and higher Vmax values at less than saturating substrate concentrations but does not occur when both substrates are saturating. No co-operativity between subunits is evident in the activation process. It appears that acetate promotes the mutual enhancement by substrates in their binding by inducing the optimum enzyme conformation normally associated with substrate saturation. Conservation of this activation effect through the evolution of the phosphagen kinases implies that it may well be of physiological significance. PMID- 6526135 TI - Monoclonal antibodies: standardization of the characterization and use. International symposium, Paris, France, July 6-8, 1983. PMID- 6526136 TI - How pure are monoclonal antibodies? PMID- 6526137 TI - Optimization of assay conditions in monoclonal-based immunoradiometric assay. AB - The production of relatively large amounts of pure monoclonal antibodies (MAb) has facilitated the development of MAb-based immunometric assays for a variety of clinically important analytes. 'Two-site' heterogeneous assays are now available which incorporate a labelled MAb and a second, different MAb coupled to a solid support. These assays possess certain advantages over the corresponding immunoassays including speed, precision, working range and specificity. They are largely dependent on two specific molecular interactions (labelled MAb-antigen; antigen--solid support MAb) and thus one might expect them to be particularly sensitive to assay conditions. With reference to two MAb--based two-site immunoradiometric assays (for human growth hormone and prolactin) which are being developed in this laboratory we wish to report the effect of various conditions including pH, ionic strength, buffer species etc. on assay response in order to emphasize the need for careful optimisation of monoclonal antibody based assays. PMID- 6526138 TI - Antigenic analysis of rabies and Mokola virus from Zimbabwe using monoclonal antibodies. AB - Eighteen strains of virus were recovered by tissue culture techniques from 20 samples of mouse brain received from Harare, Zimbabwe, and typed with monoclonal antibodies at The Wistar Institute. On the basis of reactivity with these monoclonal antibodies specific for rabies and rabies-related viruses, seven strains were identified as Mokola viruses, and the remaining 11, as rabies viruses. Seventeen of 36 monoclonal antibodies against the nucleocapsid antigen reacted with the Mokola strains, but none of 42 monoclonal antibodies against the glycoprotein that neutralized rabies virus was active against Mokola strains. Mokola virus was, however, neutralized by two monoclonal antibodies produced from mice immunized with Mokola, by a specific anti-Mokola serum prepared in rabbits, and to a lesser extent, by three polyclonal high titer antirabies sera of human or rabbit origin. Immunization of mice with a rabies vaccine (antigenic value, 10 international units) at a concentration 30-fold high than that necessary for complete protection against homologous challenge with rabies virus was not protective against Mokola infection. No cross-reactivity between Mokola and rabies viruses was seen with cytotoxic T lymphocytes. PMID- 6526139 TI - Production of monoclonal antibodies against the Pasteur (P.V.) strain of rabies virus: problems and results. AB - Assuming the fact that the highest specific secreting hybrids number has been recorded with Iq secreting spleen cells, we did some immunizing protocols to maximize the ELISA reacting antibodies: for this Balb/c mice were primed intra peritoneally with vaccine containing inactivated rabies (P.V. strain). Half of them were boosted intravenously with the same concentrated purified and live virus. We performed a series of hybridizations, at different times (i.e. 10, 15, 20, 75 days), between the rabies committed splenocytes and the SP 2/0 non secreting myeloma cells. Successful hybrids secreting antibody to rabies virus have only been obtained at the earliest and the latest time of fusion, essentially with the intravenous booster. They were initially screened by ELISA test for PV binding and about 65% of the colonies were generally positive. Clones directed against nucleocapsids were revealed by immunofluorescence of the rabies infected fixed cells, and those directed against glycoprotein by the neutralizing test and rabies infected live cells. From the early fusion we also produced hybrids secreting IgG (60%) or IgM (40%). At that time IgG/IgM distribution of specific hybrids do not correlate to that seen for ELISA reacting antibodies. It suggests that the IgG secreting spleen cells are the preferential fusion partners or the most vigorous ones. PMID- 6526141 TI - Monoclonal antibodies for the control of influenza virusvaccines. AB - Hybridomas producing haemagglutination inhibiting monoclonal antibodies against influenza A/Texas/1/77 H3N2 were developed. One hybridoma producing antibodies reacting with Victoria/3/75, Texas/1/77 Bangkok/1/79 and England/496/80 was selected to determine the potency of influenza virusvaccines. Tests were performed in a newly developed Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). For this purpose microtiter plates were successively coated with the monoclonal antibody, washed, incubated with vaccine or standard, washed, incubated with the peroxidase conjugated monoclonal antibody, washed and finally incubated with a substrate. Samples of the vaccine and of a standard containing 25-100 ng of antigen were assayed in the ELISA and the results were compared with those obtained in a rocket electrophoresis method. Linear regression analysis of the results showed that the correlation coefficients obtained with standards and vaccines for both methods were greater than or equal to 0.96. The comparison of vaccine potencies determined in the ELISA and the rocket electrophoresis method will be discussed. PMID- 6526142 TI - The interest of WHO in monoclonal antibodies. PMID- 6526140 TI - Comparison of monoclonal antibodies with ferret sera for the characterization of influenza A (H3N2) virus strains in a computer system. AB - A panel of murine monoclonal antibodies was generated against five different influenza A (H3N2) virus strains, isolated between 1977 and 1980. Monoclonal antibodies with defined specificities in haemagglutination inhibition tests for the strains against which they had been raised were selected. Eventually 18 of these were chosen and tested against a large number of recent H3N2 isolates. The results were compared with those obtained with antisera from ferrets immunized with the five strains mentioned above and with similar ferret sera after adsorption with heterologous strains. The serological data obtained with these three panels of antibodies were subjected to a theoretical pattern fitting computer analysis. A good correlation was observed between the results obtained with these three systems. However, the unadsorbed ferret sera proved to be less discriminating whereas the monoclonal antibodies provided additional information which could not be obtained with the other two systems. PMID- 6526143 TI - Mouse monoclonal anti rabbit IgG coupled to monodisperse polymer particles. Comparison with polyclonal antibodies in radioimmunoassay for thyroid hormones. AB - A solid phase second antibody was prepared by covalent coupling of a mouse monoclonal anti rabbit IgG to monodisperse particles. This preparation was compared with immunosorbent purified sheep anti rabbit IgG antibodies coupled to the same particles. The monoclonal antibody bound rabbit IgG with a dissociation constant of 3 X 10(-11) L/mol, and the binding was Fc specific. The sheep antibodies had a similar Kd and about 75% of the activity was directed against the Fc portion of IgG. The binding capacity per mol of both solid phase antibodies was 0.7 mol of rabbit IgG. Monoclonal and polyclonal solid phase antibodies were equally effective as separating agents in various radioimmunoassays. Direct coupling of the rabbit antibodies to the solid phase resulted in a marked loss of binding capacity for the respective thyroid hormones. However, when rabbit anti-thyroxine or anti-triiodothyronine were preadsorbent to second-antibody-coated particles the binding capacities of the former antibodies were well preserved. PMID- 6526144 TI - Preparation and experimentation of an antidigitalin monoclonal antibody: interest in human treatment. AB - A monoclonal antidigitalin antibody was obtained following the immunization of BALB/mice with digitalin coupled to BSA, and the fusion of lymphocytes from these mice with murin myeloma 8653. The supernatants were screened by a radioimmunoassay in which the supernatant was incubated with digitalin coupled to I125. This monoclonal antibody "Dig 278" has an antigen binding ratio of 95%; is an IgGl; has a titre of 1/1000 and its affinity constant, as determined by a Scatchard plot, was 1,20(9) L/M. By experimenting with the monoclonal antibodies on 15 rabbits, we have obtained the reversal of heart rhythm disorders and the survival of animals injected with a lethal dose of digitalin. All the controls died. This antibody could prove useful in treating advanced cases of digitalin intoxication and for which no satisfactory treatment is available at present. PMID- 6526145 TI - The immune detection and quantitation of antigenic cell-free Fc receptor by solid phase RIA employing monoclonal anti FcR antibody. AB - A solid phase radioimmunoassay for cell-free antigenic mouse Fc receptor (FcR) was developed, using an 80% acetone solution for fixation of relatively large amounts of protein on PVC microtiter plates. Purified 125I labelled monoclonal anti FcR (125I-aFcR) secreted by the 2.4G2 hybridoma was used for detection and quantitation of the bound receptor. Concentrations of cell-free FcR in NP-40 extracts of FcR expressing cells were calculated from the linear part of a standard curve and expressed in units of antigenic activity - one unit being the amount of antigen capable of binding 1 microgram of 125I-aFcR. This method can be used for detecting cell-free FcR as a minor constituent in a mixture of proteins. PMID- 6526146 TI - Bloodstain allotyping: an ELISA method for G1m(3). AB - A sandwich ELISA method has been developed for typing bloodstains for the G1m(3) allotype, using a commercial monoclonal reagent. The method is more sensitive than haemagglutination-inhibition methods, giving good results with plasma and with bloodstain extracts diluted 1 in 10 000, and provides an objective assessment of results. In its present form, however, it is not suitable for saliva and semen typing. PMID- 6526147 TI - Monoclonal antibody directed against the 43 000 dalton v1 polypeptide from Torpedo marmorata electric organ. AB - The acetylcholine receptor (AcChoR) plays an essential role at the vertebrate neuromuscular junction and in the fish electric organ: it mediates the opening of the post-synaptic ion channel by the neurotransmitter acetylcholine (AcCho). The supra-molecular organization of the AcChoR within the subsynaptic membrane is highly characteristic. In the course of the maturation of the cholinergic synapse during embryogenesis, the AcChoR molecules change from being diffusely distributed and metabolically labile to densely-packed and stable aggregates. A 43 000 dalton protein which is associated with the Torpedo electrocyte synapses and is present in membrane highly enriched in AcChoR (SDS-PAGE) has been postulated to be involved in the immobilization and stabilization of the AcChoR in the subsynaptic membrane. However, when analysed on two-dimensional isoelectric focusing-SDS-PAGE gels, the 43 000 dalton protein band was shown to be composed of three distinct spots referred to as v1, v2 and v3. The three polypeptides had different peptide maps. Furthermore, the subcellular localisation of the 43 000 dalton protein is not clearly established and contradictory conclusions, based on indirect evidence, have been drawn. Thus, a further investigation of the 43 000 dalton proteins appeared necessary. Monoclonal antibodies against the 43 000 dalton proteins were developed in CBA mice and characterized using the horseradish peroxidase immunoreaction as a screening assay. One of the monoclonal antibodies was directed exclusively against the v1 polypeptide. It reacted only with membrane fractions containing the v1 polypeptide and did not label the cytoplasmic fraction prepared from adult Torpedo electric organ.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6526148 TI - Evaluation of monoclonal antibodies to blood group A. AB - Balb/c mice were immunized with human blood-group A2 active cyst fluid glycoprotein. Fusion of spleen cells with NS-1 myeloma cell line produced a total of 11 blood group antibody secreting hybridomas of which seven were apparently specific for blood-group A and were subjected to further evaluation. Of these 2 were IgM class and 5 IgG class. Two anti-A supernatants showed a significant decrease in avidity time against A2B cells when ionic strength was increased to 0.25. Tube titres of all anti-A supernatants were unaffected by ionic strength. pH had no effect on the avidity time or tube titre of any of the antibodies tested. The supernatant from one hybrid (ES-9) was selected for further evaluation as a blood grouping reagent. This supernatant had a tube titre of 1:128 and was used without concentration for comparison of its serological reactivity with two examples of commercial monoclonal anti-A and one example of human anti-A. Monoclonal anti-A (ES-9) was found to be a potentially useful red cell grouping reagent. PMID- 6526149 TI - The universe of immunoclones how to keep track of them? PMID- 6526150 TI - A monoclonal antibody to human blood group B. Performance, evaluation and optimisation. AB - A monoclonal anti-B antibody (ES-4) was obtained by fusing spleen cells from a mouse immunized with soluble human blood group B substance with mouse myeloma cell line NS-1. The antibody was shown to agglutinate optimally group B cells at pH 7.2 and 0.15 ionic strength. Increasing the ionic strength to 0.24 gave optimal reactivity over a wider pH range. Culture supernatant containing anti-B (ES-4), after pH and ionic strength adjustment could be used in unconcentrated form as a red cell typing reagent. Anti-B (ES-4) agglutinated five examples of cells of the Bweak (Bw) phenotype and one example of acquired B phenotype. In contrast three of the Bw cells and the acquired B phenotype were not agglutinated by a commercial monoclonal anti-B by a tube technique. The data suggested that the equilibrium constant of the monoclonal anti-B (ES-4) was higher than that of the commercial reagent. PMID- 6526152 TI - [Monoclonal antibodies directed against equine blood group antigens]. AB - The chief application of blood typing in domestic animals is in the verification of parentage. However, the acquisition of good standardized reagents in sufficient quantity remains an obstacle for the development of this work. The production of monoclonal antibodies directed against blood group determinants offers an attractive means of improving both the quality and quantity of serological reagents, and could facilitate the definition of new specificities. Fusions between a mouse myeloma line and splenocytes from mice immunized with horse red cells have resulted in four hybridomas producing antibodies against equine erythrocyte groups. Two are directed against the established groups Aa and Ca, while one reacts with a sub-group of De, and another, still under study, appears to be anti-Di. The anti-Aa and anti-Ca monoclonals have high affinity and fix complement, and are now in routine use as blood grouping reagents. This is remarkable since good antibodies to these specific sites are virtually impossible to obtain by allo-immunization. These results offer encouragement for the future production of monoclonal antibodies against red cell and lymphocyte antigens in the domestic species. PMID- 6526153 TI - A human monoclonal antibody specific for tetanus toxoid. AB - Successful hybridization has been obtained between PWM stimulated peripheral blood lymphocytes from tetanus toxoid immunized donors and the human B lymphoma line RH-L-4. Among the hybrids selected after cloning, the average in vitro activity against tetanus toxoid was 1-5 micrograms/10(6) cells/24 hours. The specific activity of one of them was further tested in vitro (RIA) and in vivo (mouse protection test) and compared favourably with a human polyclonal antitetanus globulin. PMID- 6526151 TI - Reactivity of monoclonal antibodies directed against blood group antigens M and N. AB - In order to get more standardized reagents for blood group typing and to get more information on the chemical nature of blood group antigens we have immunized Balb/c mice with whole red blood cells and with sialoglycoprotein fraction from group OMMss cells. As fusion partners mouse myeloma cell lines P3-NS1/1-Ag 4-1 and X63-Ag8.653 were used. Several monoclonal antibodies were obtained, which showed specificity for the M/N antigens. Because of the relationship between M and N antigens this system is a very good example for studying the influence of different parameters on the reactivity of monoclonal antibodies. Each monoclonal antibody behaves like an individuum and for each antibody the dependence of the agglutination reaction of temperature, pH, buffer for dilution and medium, in which the reaction takes place, has to be investigated. Otherwise the results are not comparable and unspecific reactions might occur. By standardizing these parameters specific reactions were obtained and the antibodies might be used as routine reagents. PMID- 6526154 TI - The hazards of retroviruses associated with monoclonal antibody production. AB - The majority of mammalian cells contain in their chromosomes genetic information related to retroviruses. Mice, and in particular, the inbred strains used in laboratory studies, have a number of different types of these viruses and murine cell lines frequently express virus. Retrovirus production has been noted in a number of myeloma cell lines and in hybridomas prepared from them. Therefore crude monoclonal antibody preparations may contain large numbers of these viruses. Retroviruses have been shown to be capable of activating or of acquiring oncogenes from cells. They may also recombine with endogenous leucosis virus to produce a recombinant virus with pathogenic properties. Comparison of endogenous cell DNA and retrovirus sequences has shown that retroviruses are capable of crossing genus and even class barriers. Retroviruses that are harmless in one species may be pathogenic in another. Hence care is required in the manufacturing and quality control procedures applied to monoclonal antibodies, particularly with products intended for medical and veterinary use. Widespread inoculation of retroviruses into a range of animal species may result only in trauma for the occasional individual but it is not possible to preclude the formation of a new type of pathogenic agent that can spread throughout the population. PMID- 6526155 TI - Experiences in the production of human monoclonal antibodies to tetanus toxoid. AB - The production of human monoclonal antibodies has been attempted using tetanus toxoid as a model antigen since a human antibody of this specificity could have clinical applications. Both mouse and human myeloma cell lines were used as fusion partners and the effects of in vivo and in vitro antigen boosting were also investigated. A cell line, ES12, which secreted specific tetanus toxoid antibody arose following fusion of lymphocytes from a donor who had been boosted three months earlier. Antibody was secreted by this cell line at a high titre (2.5 I.U/ml); it was of IgG isotype and it protected mice against challenge with tetanus toxin. This is, therefore, a first step in producing a therapeutically useful monoclonal antibody. PMID- 6526156 TI - St. Clare's Mercy reviews fire safety procedures. PMID- 6526157 TI - Interest arbitration in health care--a panacea or pandora's box? PMID- 6526158 TI - Hospital capital shows signs of old age. Part 2. PMID- 6526159 TI - NMR imaging: current clinical applications. PMID- 6526160 TI - Creating an accessible facility: the Ottawa Civic Hospital's experience. PMID- 6526161 TI - Escorting mentally ill patients: ignored nursing function. PMID- 6526162 TI - Checking into the hospital: parents give primary care. PMID- 6526163 TI - Misericordia's wellness program improves employees' lifestyles. PMID- 6526164 TI - Signage strategy--how effective are your signs? PMID- 6526165 TI - Effects of human fetal gastroenteric mesenchymal cells on some developmental aspects of animal gut endoderm. AB - Human intestinal and gastric mesenchymal cells were associated with chick and rat intestinal endoderm in order to test their species-specific capacity on epithelial differentiation. Primary cell cultures were established from human intestinal and gastric mesenchyme. Animal intestinal endoderms were associated with both cell types, grafted in ovo and allowed to develop for 12 days. The morphologic and enzymatic differentiation of the recombinants demonstrated two types of inductive properties exerted by human fetal intestinal and gastric mesenchymal cells, respectively. Firstly, human intestinal mesenchymal cells triggered intrinsic developmental capacities in chick and rat endoderm, i.e. enhanced structural brush-border maturation in both species and precocious sucrase induction in rat endoderm. Secondly, human gastric mesenchymal cells provoked the partial conversion of chick intestinal endoderm into gastric structures. Such properties were not found in homologous animal mesenchymes. PMID- 6526166 TI - Variation of DNA polymerase activities and DNA synthesis in mouse mammary gland during pregnancy and early lactation. AB - The rate of DNA synthesis and the activity of DNA polymerases and thymidine kinase were measured during the endocrine-regulated cellular growth and differentiation of mouse mammary gland. Using specific assays, the activity of the DNA polymerases, alpha, beta and gamma, was determined in tissue extracts of mammary glands of mice at various stages of pregnancy and early lactation. In addition, extracts of the mammary tissue of virgin, mid-pregnant and early lactating mice were fractionated on sucrose density gradients, and the activity of DNA polymerase alpha and beta was assayed in the gradient fractions. It was demonstrated that the activity of DNA polymerase alpha varied considerably during pregnancy and after parturition, showing peaks on day 12 of pregnancy and days 3 4 of lactation. In pregnancy, there was an apparently parallel correlation between the amount of DNA-polymerase-alpha activity and the rate at which the cells incorporated labelled thymidine into DNA, but the relationship was less clearly expressed during early lactation. The activity of the DNA polymerases, beta and gamma, as well as that of thymidine kinase showed little variation during these periods. Thus, in the developing mammary gland, no correlation was found between DNA synthesis and the activity of the DNA polymerases, beta and gamma, or thymidine kinase. PMID- 6526167 TI - Histone H1o in developing rat brain cells. AB - Histone H1o was found both in neuronal and oligodendrocyte rat-brain nuclei fractionated by sucrose-gradient isopycnic centrifugation. This histone was absent during the early stages of development when the brain cells were still proliferating, but it appeared in significant amounts in the terminally differentiated cells. PMID- 6526168 TI - Are limb development and limb regeneration both initiated by an integumentary wounding? A hypothesis. AB - It is proposed that, whereas an actual wound to a salamander limb may initiate limb regeneration, a local and developmentally programmed integumentary wound may initiate limb development. The electrophysiological changes induced by these lesions of the skin may be a common denominator linking limb regeneration and limb development. Such early electrical events are considered to initiate or guide the early accumulation of cells, and to help to produce the local environment in which a limb will arise. This scheme provides a self-limiting positive-feedback mechanism for the production of a localized area where other developmental mechanisms act in concert with endogenous electrical fields (or in their complete absence), thereby leading to limb differentiation. This hypothesis may not be restricted to limb formation; it may be of more general significance, i.e. in the process of organogenesis in embryos. One might reasonably suggest that, by such a mechanism, any developing placode (for example, auditory or olfactory placodes) might form and localize. PMID- 6526169 TI - Complications of convexo-concave heart valves. PMID- 6526171 TI - Robins will pay for Dalkon Shield removal. PMID- 6526170 TI - Some lots of "Salk" vaccine have lost potency. PMID- 6526172 TI - Phenylbutazone, oxyphenbutazone labeling revised. PMID- 6526173 TI - Sulfite update. PMID- 6526174 TI - Hearing loss with cordless phones. PMID- 6526175 TI - New regulation requires reporting of significant medical device problems. PMID- 6526176 TI - [Electrophysiologic indices of the dynamics of cortical processes in deciding choice tasks in the case of a dual image]. PMID- 6526177 TI - [Temporal correlations of the simple and complex traits describing a visual image]. PMID- 6526178 TI - [Sensory information utilization by integrative brain structures]. PMID- 6526179 TI - [The problem of controlling the human functional state]. PMID- 6526180 TI - [Behavioral information pathology and the mechanisms of autoregulation of higher nervous activity]. PMID- 6526181 TI - [Mathematical modeling of the mechanisms of signal processing by neuronal populations in the brain. III. A study of the evoked reactions of neuronal barrels]. PMID- 6526182 TI - [Correlation between different forms of the reorganization of the impulse flows of neuronal populations]. PMID- 6526183 TI - [Local typical changes in the zeta waves in the human brain during research on the processes of attention activation]. PMID- 6526184 TI - [Variability of cardiac rhythm under information loading]. PMID- 6526185 TI - [Natural sympathetic electrical activity tapped from the surface of human skin]. PMID- 6526186 TI - [External respiratory and circulatory functions determining and limiting human physical work capacity]. PMID- 6526187 TI - [Oxygen consumption dynamics in the recovery period after short-term exercises at threshold capacity]. PMID- 6526188 TI - [Method for the quantitative evaluation of intracranial volumetric pulsation based on PV test data]. PMID- 6526189 TI - [Spatial dynamics of bioelectrical brain processes during prolonged contact with physical factors]. PMID- 6526190 TI - [Individual typological characteristics of the autoregulation of the cardiovascular system]. PMID- 6526191 TI - [Functional characteristics of the lesser circulation in 7- to 12-year-old children]. PMID- 6526192 TI - [Effect of noise on cardiovascular system indices of young children]. PMID- 6526193 TI - [Correlation between the characteristics of a presentation EEG and the extreme time of the sensorimotor reaction]. PMID- 6526194 TI - [Characteristics of information processing by the right and left hemispheres of the brain]. PMID- 6526195 TI - [At what age does human supraspinal control over caudal spinal cord segments mature?]. PMID- 6526196 TI - [Frequency of electrostimulation and the onset of tetanus in different muscles]. PMID- 6526197 TI - [Conditioning potentials of the respiratory tract]. PMID- 6526199 TI - [Altered diastolic function of the left ventricle in juvenile diabetes. Computerized echocardiographic study]. AB - Using digitized M-mode ecocardiography, 26 young subjects with type I diabetes mellitus of at least three years duration, without any clinical evidence of heart disease have been studied, searching for subclinical impairment of left ventricular function. Patients have been divided in two groups according to the presence (Group I, N degrees 7 patients) or absence (Group II, N degrees 19 patients) of retinopathy. The time interval from the shortest left ventricular diameter to the onset of mitral valve opening was significantly increased as compared with the control Group (10.20 +/- 8.88 control Group; 29.21 +/- 12.99 Group II, p less than 0.001; 41.00 +/- 12.29 Group I, p less than 0.001). Furthermore, a close correlation between the above named time interval and the duration of diabetes was found (r = 0.496, p less than 0.01). Finally, the change of left ventricular dimension during the time interval from the shortest left ventricular diameter to the onset of mitral valve opening, expressed as a percentage of left ventricular end-diastolic diameter, was increased (3.20 +/- 3.43 control Group; 8.21 +/- 5.51 Group II, p less than 0.02; 12.43 +/- 5.56 Group I, p less than 0.001). Our results suggest an impairment of ventricular relaxation due to increased wall stiffness. We conclude that there are often subclinical cardiac abnormalities in young diabetics resulting in impairment of diastolic function that is correlate with the duration of diabetes and with the presence of clinical complications such as retinopathy. PMID- 6526198 TI - [Role of dopamine receptors in regulating the secretory activity of the stomach]. PMID- 6526200 TI - [Preclinical changes in left ventricular function in myotonic muscular dystrophy. Value of the isovolumetric index]. AB - Nine patients, 7 males, 2 females, mean age 36 years, with myotonic muscular dystrophy who had no cardiac symptoms underwent M-mode echocardiography (e.), systolic time intervals (STI) measurement by simultaneous recordings of the electrocardiogram, phonocardiogram and carotid arterial pulse, and single-pass radionuclide angiocardiography (RNA) in order to assess the left ventricular function. The ejecting phase indexes measured by echocardiography (fractional shortening, mean velocity of circumferential fiber shortening) were slightly depressed in 1 case and an abnormal PEP/LVET ratio was found in 3 cases. The ejection fraction measured by radionuclide angiocardiography was abnormal in 1 case who showed a diffuse hypokinesia. The IVI%, a new isovolumic phase index obtained by echocardiography, was abnormal in all patients. It is concluded that the IVI% seems more sensitive than the ejecting phase indexes calculated by echocardiography or radionuclide angiocardiography and the PEP/LVET ratio in detecting abnormalities of left ventricular function in patients with myotonic muscular dystrophy and no clinical signs of heart disease. PMID- 6526201 TI - [Isosorbide dinitrate ointment in the long-term treatment of intermittent claudication]. AB - We evaluated the long-term therapy with Isosorbide Dinitrate Ointment (ISDN-O): 300 mg daily on the painful leg area in 20 male patients (pts) affected by Intermittent Claudication. The efficacy of the treatment was assessed on the basis of the subjective evaluation of pain threshold (daily diary) and objectively by repeated treadmill stress tests performed by each patient at a constant speed, selected according to the severity of symptoms, and by the evaluation of changes both of the distance walked without symptoms (DWS) and of the maximal distance reached (MDR). The maximal duration of the test was 15 minutes independently from the speed. The reproducibility of treadmill tests and the acute effect of isosorbide dinitrate ointment administration were preliminarly evaluated in 2 groups of 5 patients each. The distance walked without symptoms and maximal distance reached in two control stress tests performed in two successive days were: distance walked without symptoms 37 +/- 29 vs 36 +/- 22 m (NS) and maximal distance reached 97 +/- 40 vs 98 +/- 37 m (NS). During the control period and 1 hour after the drug administration distance walked without symptoms was 34 +/- 31 vs 43 +/- 50 m (NS) and maximal distance reached 89 +/- 53 vs 97 +/- 57, (NS) respectively. In a group of 5 patients the effect of one month administration of placebo was evaluated: distance walked without symptoms was m 68 +/- 29 and m 104 +/- 62 and maximal distance reached was m 156 +/- 103 and m 188 +/- 97 basally and after 1 month of placebo (NS).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6526202 TI - [Diagnosis of spontaneous angina]. PMID- 6526203 TI - Regulation of myocardial blood flow in man during strenuous exercise and severe hypoxia. AB - Myocardial blood flow has been studied in 7 trained and 7 untrained healthy volunteers by means of the argon method. Measurements were carried out at rest, during stepwise increase in arterial hypoxia down to 8.7 vol % and during heavy exercise comparable to 65% of delta VO2 max. Measurements were carried out during hemodynamic and respiratory steady state conditions. Hemodynamic parameters were measured or even monitored. It could be shown that myocardial blood flow, myocardial oxygen consumption and myocardial oxygen consumption per heart beat are less in the trained state compared to the untrained one. The differences are particularly pronounced during heavy exercise. The reaction of the coronary conductance vessels to acute arterial hypoxia is not influenced by training effects. The surplus of oxygen and substrates supplied to the heart by the coronary circulation is well maintained during exercise and hypoxia. PMID- 6526204 TI - Reversible and irreversible ischaemic damage: importance of energy metabolism. AB - In this study the effects of different degrees and duration of coronary flow reduction on pressure development of the isolated and perfused rabbit hearts has been studied. Three different degrees of ischaemia lasting for 30, 60 and 90 minutes have been investigated, after which the effects of post-ischaemic reperfusion have been followed. The effects of substituting FFA for glucose as myocardial substrate has also been investigated. Reperfusion resulted in a recovery of mechanical function or in a further worsening of mechanical function, depending upon the degree, duration of flow reduction and substrate employed. To establish the causes of reperfusion damage, in a separate series of experiments the effects of reperfusion after 90 minutes of severe ischaemia on lactate, CPK and Mg++ release, tissue and mitochondrial calcium content tissue ATP and CP concentration and mitochondrial function have been determined. The ultrastructural damage of the myocardial cell have also been established. The results obtained suggest that mitochondria play an important role in reperfusion damage. PMID- 6526205 TI - Newer concepts in the pathophysiology of ischemic heart disease. AB - Thus the thrust of these studies suggests that blood flow is the overwhelming factor in determining the consequences of the imbalance of oxygen supply and demand. Moreover, the factors that determine the requirements for tissue survival in the presence of deep ischemia are not the same as those shown for the normal myocardium in figure 1. In deep ischemia, contraction ceases, and metabolism shifts from aerobic to anaerobic pathways. Survival rather than contractile function then becomes the agenda. Not only does supply tend to overshadow demand in determining extent of transmural necrosis, but the anatomical pattern of supply precisely delineates the region at risk following a coronary occlusion as well as the ultimate extent of infarction. These views are summarized in the model presented in figures 12 and 13. The anatomic distribution of the ligated artery determines the lateral limits of the ischemic region (Fig. 12) and thus the lateral extension of necrosis (Fig. 13). The extension of the necrosis across the heart wall depends largely on the status of perfusion within the ischemic region. Extension of an infarct, should it occur, has to be explained by other mechanisms. These might include: (i) vascular obstruction in adjacent vascular systems that were not involved in the first occlusion, (ii) relative ischemia in the normal tissue surrounding the ischemic tissue due to an increased wall stress at the demarcation between contracting and noncontracting tissue, or (9) interruption of vessels supplying large interdigitations of normal tissue within the originally ischemic tissue due to changes associated with the process of infarction of ischemia. Alternatively, much that is called extension of infarction may involve more of the wall transmurally without lateral extension. Additional features of the development of myocardial infarction in figures 12 and 13 include: (i) the development of collateral vessel function resulting in an increased capacity to supply the ischemic area, and (ii) a redistribution of collateral blood flow from necrotic to surviving myocardium within the ischemic area. Thus, as coronary collaterals develop, collateral blood flow becomes increasingly heterogeneous within the ischemic area. Following a coronary occlusion, blood flow is reduced more in the subendocardium, and infarction occurs. Resistance to flow in infarcting tissue increase and causes a redistribution of flow to adjacent surviving layers of myocardium that life toward the epicardium. The process continues and combined with the enlargement of collateral vessels results in a sufficient flow to the epicardial layers so that they may survive. PMID- 6526206 TI - Myocardial infarct size limitation. Principles, problems and possibilities. AB - The ability of pharmacological agents to reduce or limit the size of a myocardial infarct remains a highly controversial issue. This controversy had arisen as a consequence of inadequate models, methods of investigation, and indices of injury together with inappropriate interpretation of results. This paper discusses the principles of therapeutic infarct size limitation; the problems that have led to the controversy and the possibilities for tissue protection. In addition some new models are described together with recent studies which have been designed to reassess the possibility of pharmacological infarct size limitation in the light of our current knowledge. PMID- 6526207 TI - The scintigraphic identification of "severe myocardial ischemia". AB - Both perfusion scintigraphy and blood pool scintigraphy have been shown to have a high sensitivity and excellent specificity for the diagnosis of coronary artery disease. Particularly helpful in those patients where the diagnosis remains in doubt or is ambiguous, scintigraphic methods have, previously tended to underestimate the degree of coronary vascular involvement. Identification of patients with main left and triple vessel coronary disease is extremely critical as these lesions have been shown to relate to an extremely high risk in terms of morbidity and mortality and since this risk has been shown to be reduced by invasive treatment. While the extent of stress induced wall motion abnormalities and the degree of functional abnormality induced by stress suggests extensive coronary involvement, quantitative methods of radial analysis and wash-out have been applied to perfusion scintigraphy, providing objectivity and increasing the ability to identify the full extent of vascular involvement. Additionally, nonperfusion scintigraphic indicators as lung uptake, cavitary dilatation and basal uptake have, in the presence of coronary disease, demonstrated a relationship to extensive myocardial ischemia and multivessel disease. Numerous studies have now indicated the increased ability of scintigraphic methods to identify such "high-risk" coronary patients. Furthermore, the pathophysiologic nature of scintigraphic analysis permits the differentiation of the degree of coronary involvement from the true risk factor, the extent of myocardium at ischemic risk. In the setting of myocardial infarction, acute scintigraphic indicators often aid the direction of therapy and provide means for assessment of therapeutic effects. Additionally, scintigraphic measures of the extent of infarction, related ischemia and function have all demonstrated prognostic abilities.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6526208 TI - Efficacy of intracoronary and intravenous urokinase in acute myocardial infarction. AB - The efficacy of intracoronary and intravenous urokinase was studied in 83 patients with acute evolving myocardial infarction. Urokinase was administered intracoronary in 48 patients with a success rate of 89% obtained after 47 +/- 32 minutes of infusion of a dose of 255.000 +/- 224.000 IU. In-hospital mortality in this group of patients was 10%. Severe arrhythmias were observed in 33% of the patients and the reocclusion rate at the re-study was 16%. Intravenous urokinase was administered as 200.000 IU bolus followed by 1.220.000 IU infusion in 21 patients. Angiography performed in this group of patients 48 hours after therapy showed a patency rate of 66%. A single intravenous bolus of 500.000 IU of urokinase was administered to 14 patients. At angiography all patients but one were found reperfused. The value of intravenous low-dose bolus injection of urokinase in acute myocardial infarction needs hower to be assessed with a properly designed clinical trial. PMID- 6526209 TI - Severe electrocardiographic abnormalities during arfonad administration. AB - Severe and reversible electrocardiographic abnormalities (first degree atrioventricular block, left bundle branch block, ventricular fibrillation), were induced by the administration of Arfonad in a patient with type III acute aortic dissection previously chronically treated with alpha-methyl-dopa. Any other possible cause of the electrocardiographic changes was excluded on the basis of clinical findings and laboratory studies. The explanation of the electrocardiographic abnormalities induced by Arfonad are not readily apparent, also on careful review of the literature. We suggest a strict electrocardiographic monitoring during Arfonad administration especially in patients with cardiac conduction defects and previous administration of cardiac cathecholamines depleting drugs. PMID- 6526210 TI - [Anomalous chordae tendineae of the left ventricle. Echocardiographic study]. AB - Left ventricular false tendons (or anomalous bands) have been described in several anatomic studies. Recently the echocardiographic features of such false tendons have been reported also. We have found a prevalence of 36 cases in 1,600 consecutive patients examined (2.2%). False tendons represent a rather common and benign phenomenon. Echocardiography is the most useful tool in the detection of false tendons. PMID- 6526211 TI - [Introductory course on statistical methods in epidemiology. II]. PMID- 6526212 TI - [Protocol for the use of transesophageal cardiac stimulation in the diagnosis and treatment of arrhythmias]. PMID- 6526214 TI - [Ethics and medicine]. PMID- 6526213 TI - [The limits of life expectancy]. PMID- 6526215 TI - [Present and future of therapeutic oncology]. PMID- 6526216 TI - Formation of 8-hydroxyguanine residues in DNA by X-irradiation. AB - A new type of ionizing radiation-induced DNA base damage, 8-hydroxyguanine formation, was found in DNA that had been irradiated by X-rays in aqueous solution. The extent of this modification linearly increased with increase in the X-ray dose up to 40 krad. When an OH radical scavenger, ethanol, was added to the DNA solution, the hydroxylation was inhibited almost completely, suggesting that the reaction proceeds via the formation of OH radicals. PMID- 6526217 TI - Gamma-irradiation induces mutation in ataxia-telangiectasia lymphoblastoid cells. AB - Ataxia-telangiectasia (AT) cells are hypersensitive to the lethal effect of gamma rays, whereas little or no gamma-ray induced mutation has been observed. In this work, exposure to gamma-rays of an Epstein-Barr virus-transformed AT lymphoblastoid cell line, GM2783, resulted in a clear dose-dependent increase of mutation for 6-thioguanine resistance. PMID- 6526218 TI - Disruptive effect of diethylstilbestrol on microtubules. AB - Diethylstilbestrol, a unique carcinogen lacking measurable mutagenic potency in Salmonella, was shown to be an inhibitor of microtubule assembly in vitro using microtubule proteins isolated from porcine brains. The effective concentration of diethylstilbestrol was 10-200 microM, as determined by viscometry, turbidity measurement, and electron microscopic analysis. PMID- 6526219 TI - Study of the promoting effect of sodium chloride on gastric carcinogenesis by N methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine in inbred Wistar rats. AB - The effect of sodium chloride on the promotion stage of gastric carcinogenesis by N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) was studied in male inbred Wistar rats. Rats in group I were given MNNG at a concentration of 50 micrograms/ml in their drinking water for 12 weeks and then 1 ml of saturated NaCl solution intragastrically once a week until experimental week 65. Rats in group II were given MNNG for 12 weeks and then 1 ml of distilled water intragastrically once a week until week 65. Rats in group III were not treated for the first 12 weeks and were then given 1 ml of saturated NaCl solution intragastrically once a week until week 65. The incidence of adenomatous hyperplasias in the glandular stomach was significantly higher in group I than in group II, but the incidences of gastric adenocarcinomas and adenomas in groups I and II were not significantly different. No neoplastic or preneoplastic changes were observed in the stomach in group III. PMID- 6526220 TI - Suppressive effect of caffeine on the development of hepatic tumors induced by 2 acetylaminofluorene in ACI rats. AB - The effect of caffeine on the development of hepatic tumors induced by 2 acetylaminofluorene (2-AAF) was studied in 6-week-old male ACI rats. Rats in group 1 were fed a diet containing 0.02% 2-AAF for 18 weeks and then basal diet for 15 weeks with normal drinking water throughout. Animals in group 2 received a diet containing 0.02% 2-AAF and a solution of 0.2% caffeine as their drinking water for 18 weeks, followed by basal diet and caffeine-free water. Rats in group 3 received drinking water containing 0.2% caffeine for 18 weeks. Rats in group 4 were given a basal diet and water freely and served as controls. The experiment was terminated after 33 weeks. Both the multiplicity, i.e. the number of tumors per rat, and the size of tumors were less (P less than 0.001 in the former case, by Student's t-test) in group 2 than in group 1. Thus, the induction of tumors of the liver by 2-AAF was suppressed by the administration of caffeine. PMID- 6526222 TI - Sialidase of rat hepatomas: qualitative and quantitative comparison with rat liver sialidase. AB - The subcellular distribution of sialidase in rat hepatoma induced by 3'-methyl-4 dimethylaminoazobenzene was studied by using sialyllactose as a substrate in the pH range of 4.0-7.0. As found in rat liver, the activity was recovered largely in the mitochondrial/lysosomal fraction with an optimal pH of 4.5 and in the cytosolic fraction with an optimal pH of 6.0, although hepatoma lysosomal (acidic) sialidase was also distributed in the microsomal fraction. The lysosomal and cytosolic sialidases of the hepatoma were indistinguishable from the corresponding enzymes of liver in chromatographic behavior, kinetics and substrate specificity. The levels of lysosomal and cytosolic sialidase activities in liver and hepatomas were then studied in the pellet and supernatant fractions, respectively, obtained by centrifuging the postnuclear supernatant at 105,000g for 1 hr. All the hepatomas tested, one primary and three transplanted, showed higher lysosomal sialidase and lower cytosolic sialidase activities as compared with liver. Quantitative changes similar to those seen in hepatomas were observed in regenerating liver after partial hepatectomy. PMID- 6526221 TI - Suppressive effect of cupric acetate on DNA alkylation, DNA synthesis and tumorigenesis in the liver of dimethylnitrosamine-treated rats. AB - The effect of cupric acetate on dimethylnitrosamine (DMN)-induced hepatocarcinogenesis in rats was investigated. The surviving rats in the group given DMN (25 ppm) in the drinking water alone were killed at 26 weeks and it was found that 12 of 16 rats had developed liver tumors. In the group given DMN and cupric acetate (sc injections of 2 mg of Cu/kg of body weight once a week for 26 weeks), 7 of 22 rats developed liver tumors. The incidence of liver tumors in rats given DMN and cupric acetate was thus only about 40% of that in rats given DMN alone. No tumor was observed in the group given saline or cupric acetate alone. The thymidine incorporation into the liver DNA of rats was measured at 2 and 4 weeks after the start of the carcinogenicity experiment. The thymidine incorporation into the liver DNA of rats given DMN was significantly suppressed by the administration of cupric acetate. The methylation of liver DNA in rats given a single dose of DMN was also significantly suppressed by sc injection of cupric acetate; the formation of both O6-methylguanine and 7-methylguanine was reduced. This result suggests that sc injection of cupric acetate may have a suppressive effect on the initiation of carcinogenesis in the liver. PMID- 6526223 TI - Growth-inhibitory activity of human recombinant beta-interferon (GKT-beta) in vitro. AB - Growth-inhibitory activity of human recombinant beta-interferon (GKT-beta) against 20 human cultured cell lines derived from leukemias and lymphomas was measured quantitatively by regrowth assay. Daudi cells were the most sensitive to GKT-beta. Two T-cell lines (RPMI-8402, HUT78), three B-cell lines (Raji, P3HR-1, A3/Kawakami), one non-T, non-B acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cell line (KOPN 1) and one monocytoid cell line (U937) were moderately sensitive to GKT-beta. Although the levels of sensitivity of these cell lines to GKT-beta were different, the cells could be killed by GKT-beta. Morphological changes of the sensitive cells treated with GKT-beta were decrease in mitosis, pyknosis and segmentation of cells. Twelve other cultured cell lines, comprising four T-cell lines, four B-cell lines, one non-T, non-B ALL cell line and three myelomonocytoid cell lines, were not sensitive to GKT-beta. The results indicated that the growth-inhibitory activity of GKT-beta was not always cell lineage specific or differentiative stage-specific. GKT-beta was instable in vitro and its antiviral activity was reduced to about 10% during the first 24 hr of incubation in culture medium with or without cells. This instability was reflected in a similar reduction of its growth-inhibitory activity. It was demonstrated that GKT-beta had a time-dependent, but not a concentration denpendent antiproliferative action. This suggests that, in the clinical use of the interferon, direct antiproliferative activity of GKT-beta may be expected only through the use of therapeutic schedules which are suitable for its time dependent action, such as through daily long-term treatment, but not through a single large-dose therapy. PMID- 6526224 TI - [The mouth and life: risks and limitations of alcoholic abstinence]. PMID- 6526225 TI - [Drug surveillance. Its present status, hopes for its future]. PMID- 6526226 TI - [Pseudohyperaldosteronism induced by alcohol-free aniseed aperitif in alcoholic cirrhotic patients]. AB - The authors report 2 cases of pseudohyperaldosteronism secondary to consumption of alcohol-free "pastis" in abstinent alcoholic cirrhotics. In both cases patients presented with ascites, edema, increased blood pressure and hypokalemic alkalosis. Except for hypokalemia, the disorders improved rapidly after withdrawal of the beverage. Glycyrrhizic acid, present in little amounts in the beverage, is presumably responsible for this syndrome. Patients with alcoholic cirrhosis would be particularly at risk. It is suggested that alcohol-free "pastis" could be responsible for ascites and edema in cirrhotic patients. This drinking habit should be looked for in abstinent cirrhotic patients with ascites, particularly in case of associated systemic hypertension. PMID- 6526227 TI - [Results of portasystemic shunts in the treatment of the Budd-Chiari syndrome]. AB - Seven patients (6 women and 1 man) with a Budd-Chiari syndrome were treated by a portal systemic shunt (6 mesocaval and 1 portoatrial shunts). Budd-Chiari syndrome occurred after treatment by estrogen-progestational drugs in 3 cases and following delivery in one. It was due to a myeloproliferative syndrome in 2 cases and to narrowing of the ostium of the hepatic veins in one. All patients had ascites before operation and 5 had an increased serum activity of transaminases. One patient was operated in emergency for progressive massive liver cytolysis. There was no operative mortality. In all patients ascites cleared after operation and transaminases returned to normal values. There was no chronic encephalopathy. Six patients are alive and well with a follow-up of 5 to 66 months. One patient died of acute myeloblastic leukemia 19 months after mesocaval shunt. A liver biopsy was obtained in 2 patients 18 months and 2 years after operation. Hemorrhagic necrosis and sinusoidal dilatation had disappeared and there was annular fibrosis. These results suggest that portal-systemic shunting is a good treatment of the Budd-Chiari syndrome. Since the natural history of this syndrome is still poorly known, a surgical shunt should be rapidly decided upon. PMID- 6526228 TI - [Emergency colonoscopy in lower intestinal occlusion]. AB - From March 1980 to June 1983, 23 patients presenting with clinical and or radiological manifestations of colonic obstruction and with uncertainty as to medical/surgical possibilities of management, underwent emergency colonoscopy in the intensive care unit of our Digestive Disease Department. The investigations were conducted without preparation (enema) or premedication, using an ordinary colonoscope. The endoscopic examination led to correct diagnosis in 21 patients out of 23 (91.3 p. 100). The main causes of occlusion were: colonic or rectal cancer (11 cases), Ogilvie's syndrome (6 cases), volvulus of the sigmoid colon (3 cases). Endoscopy contributed to treatment in eight patients with good results in six. It was unsatisfactory in two cases of volvulus of the sigmoid colon which recurred. In two instances complications occurred which were attributable to the method: one pneumoperitoneum without frank perforation and a transtumoral perforation in a case of sigmoid cancer, discovered at laparotomy. No septic complication or mortality resulted from endoscopy. Colonoscopy under normal conditions should not be advocated systematically, but can be used as a method of investigation and possibly of therapy in selected cases of colonic obstruction admitted into intensive care units. PMID- 6526229 TI - [Effect of 5-thioglucose on external pancreatic secretion in rats. Comparison with 2-deoxyglucose]. AB - The aim of this study was to compare the stimulation of the external pancreatic secretion induced in rats by two glucose analogs: 5-thio-glucose (5-TG) and 2 deoxy-glucose (2-DG). In rats with an acute pancreatic fistula, 5-TG and 2-DG induced a dose-related increase in outputs of sodium (reflecting the volume), bicarbonate and total protein of the pancreatic juice. The efficacy of both drugs was not significantly different. Maximal responses were obtained with 75 mg/kg 5 TG and 225 mg/kg 2-DG and were approximately 3.5 x (sodium), 5 x (bicarbonate) and 8.5 x (protein) the basal level. Dose-response curves to 5-TG were shifted to the left with respect to 2-DG. The DE50 was approximately 25 mg/kg for 5-TG and 60 mg/kg for 2-DG. The molar potency ratio was 2.5 x, 3.1 x and 3.3 x in favor of 5-TG, for sodium, bicarbonate and protein respectively. The potency, but not the efficacy, of 5-TG is thus greater than that of 2-DG in stimulating external pancreatic secretion. PMID- 6526230 TI - [Hepatotoxicity of antidepressive agents: familial risk]. PMID- 6526231 TI - [Diffusion of gentamicin into infected ascitic fluid in cirrhotic patients]. PMID- 6526232 TI - [Acute cholestatic hepatitis due to carbamazepine]. PMID- 6526233 TI - [Gastric metastases of a choroid melanoma. Value of endoscopy]. PMID- 6526234 TI - [Esophagobronchial fistula following sclerosis of esophageal varices. Treatment by injection of biological glue]. PMID- 6526235 TI - Gastric mucosal protection and the "mucus-bicarbonate barrier". PMID- 6526236 TI - [Does the finding of a bilious mucous lake during endoscopy have physiopathological significance? Study of gastric pH during 24 hours]. AB - The aim of this study was to determine if there was any relationship between the presence of bile in the stomach at endoscopy and the nycterohemeral variations of the gastric pH. Endoscopy and 24 hour gastric pH monitoring with radiotele pHmetry were performed in 38 patients. These patients were then divided into two groups according to the color of the mucous lake at endoscopy: group A (15 patients) in which there was a clear mucous lake and group B (23 patients) in which a bilious mucous lake was found. In group A, spontaneous alkalinizations (SA) were uncommon and almost always lasted less than 30 min. In group B, SA were more frequent and more prolonged (p less than 0.01), especially those lasting more than 30 min (p less than 0.001). In this group, the number and duration of SA were significantly higher during the night. These results suggest that duodenogastric reflux may be responsible for the SA observed in patients with a bilious mucous lake. This hypothesis, however, needs further confirmation especially concerning the analysis of the gastric contents during the periods of alkalinization. PMID- 6526237 TI - [Functional, morphological and biochemical study of the jejunal mucosa in cryptogenetic colitis]. AB - The function of the jejunum has been assessed in patients with ulcerative colitis (n = 23) and Crohn's disease of the colon (n = 20) by measurement of serum folate levels, oral folic acid and D-xylose absorption. Forty-six normal subjects served as controls. The mean serum folate level was 4.5 +/- 2.0 ng/ml in patients with the disease and 7.8 +/- 1.7 ng/ml in controls (p less than 0.001) and was similarly decreased in both ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease patients. It was lower in patients under sulphasalazine therapy (n = 15) than in those untreated: 3.5 +/- 1.5 vs. 4.8 +/- 2.1 ng/ml (p less than 0.05). Serum folate correlated with disease activity in the latter only. The peak serum folate obtained during the oral absorption test was decreased in patients: 38.9 +/- 12.9 vs. 60.8 +/- 19.3 ng/ml in controls (p less than 0.001); this decrease was similar in ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, in treated and untreated patients and was independent of disease activity. Basal serum folate did not correlate with peak serum folate in any patient group. D-xylose absorption was normal in every case. Jejunal biopsies were performed in 23 patients, 13 of whom had folic acid malabsorption (13 with ulcerative colitis, 10 with Crohn's disease of the colon). The crypt height/villus height ratio was abnormal (greater than 0.6) in only 2 patients and borderline in 9 others. The fragility of enterocyte brush-borders and lysosomes, as assessed by biochemical methods, was normal in all cases.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6526238 TI - [Multifocal cryptogenetic stenosing enteritis: an autonomous entity?]. AB - Multifocal idiopathic stenosing enteritis has been described as a relapsing disease affecting the small bowel. The main anatomical characteristics are multiple non-specific inflammatory strictures. Six cases (4 men, 2 women) presenting this disorder were followed up for 3 to 22 years. Five patients were young. Iterative obstruction or chronic diarrhea and loss of weight were the outstanding clinical features. Hyposideremic anemia and protein-losing enteropathy were common. The anatomical substrate was numerous (2-19) short annular strictures situated in the ileum (75 p. 100). These strictures presented shallow ulcerations and underlying fibrosis which never extended beyond the submucosa. The small bowel wall was otherwise normal and did not show mucosal or vascular abnormalities at microscopic examination. In case of relapse, strictures developed distal to or in close contact with previous suture lines. Cultures for pathogenic bacteria were constantly negative. The natural history of these 6 cases and of 7 other previously published cases suggests that this disease is an autonomous disorder which must be differentiated from other inflammatory bowel disease entities such as Crohn's disease or tuberculosis. PMID- 6526239 TI - [Primary biliary cirrhosis: an immunological puzzle]. PMID- 6526241 TI - [Association of cryoglobulins and hepatic disease: incidence, nature and immunochemical characteristics of cryoglobulinemia]. AB - Mixed cryoglobulinemia associated with liver disease is well known, but its mechanism and signification still have to be elucidated. The purpose of this study was to identify and to characterize hepatic disease by their immunochemical features among 60 patients presenting with mixed cryoglobulinemia. Thirteen cases of alcoholic liver disease and 8 of virus B hepatitis out of 40 cases in all of hepatic disease in this group were studied. A higher frequency of type III immunochemical features of cryoglobulinemia in alcoholic disease (83 p. 100), no matter how severe, as well as a higher frequency of type II in virus B hepatitis (62 p. 100) was demonstrated. There was no relationship between virus B hepatitis and cryoglobulinemia in our population. Therefore, the responsibility of virus B hepatitis in essential mixed cryoglobulinemia genesis has to be clarified. The localization of cryoglobulin in the Kupffer cell in two patients with chronic hepatitis confirms the essential role of the reticuloendothelial system in blood clearance of circulating immune complexes. PMID- 6526240 TI - [Hepatic amebiasis: study of 152 cases]. AB - The purpose of this study was to describe and analyse retrospectively the clinical, serological, anatomical and evolutive features of 152 cases of hepatic amebiasis in young adults, treated and followed up in France from 1969 to 1983. The disease was revealed 3 times out of 4 by tender hepatomegaly with fever, but only in 6 cases by complications. Serological tests (immunofluorescence or hemagglutination) were always positive for amebiasis, whereas Entamoeba histolytica was absent from stools in 96.7 p. 100 of the cases. Hepatic amebiasis always caused a hepatic abscess: in these cases, the superiority of ultrasonography over all other diagnostic methods was confirmed, especially concerning the detection of multiple abscesses (47 p. 100). Complete recovery was obtained by medical treatment in 117 cases, either alone (98 cases), or combined with needle aspiration (19 cases). Nitro-imidazoles are the simplest treatment, but nevertheless in 5 cases they were not effective. These patients were then treated with dehydroemetine, associated in 2 cases with surgery. Four patients relapsed at mid or long-term after apparent recovery, in the absence of any obvious reinfection. A significant correlation between the course of the treated disease and the size and number of abscesses was demonstrated: it was possible to define a group characterized by a slow and/or complicated course (with single abscess of the right lobe whose diameter is equal to or greater than 10 cm, or multiple abscesses). The pathogenesis of hepatic amebiasis is not yet fully understood. PMID- 6526242 TI - [Primary biliary cirrhosis and sarcoidosis. Association or unique disease?]. AB - The incontestable simultaneous occurrence of primary biliary cirrhosis and sarcoidosis is reported in a 40 year-old woman. The diagnosis of primary biliary cirrhosis was based on the association of intrahepatic cholestasis, increased serum IgM, high titer of antimitochondrial antibodies and hepatic histologic lesions. In six years the latter passed from bile duct destruction with fibrosis to cirrhosis with absence of bile ducts. The diagnosis of sarcoidosis relied on the presence of bilateral hilar lymphadenopathies, pulmonary infiltrate, tuberculoid granuloma without necrosis in an enlarged cervical lymph node and increased serum level of angiotensin conversion enzyme improved by steroid therapy. Such an association, only three other cases of which have been reported, suggests a link between the two diseases, which could be two localizations of a same physiopathological process. PMID- 6526243 TI - [Morphometric analysis of normal human liver by electron microscopy]. PMID- 6526244 TI - VIth meeting of the European Intestinal Transport Group. Pamplona, Spain, September 27-29, 1984. PMID- 6526245 TI - [Endocavitary radiotherapy in the treatment of esophageal cancers: preliminary results in 28 patients]. PMID- 6526246 TI - [In vitro study of the chelating ability of smectite vis-a-vis bile salts and lysolecithins]. PMID- 6526247 TI - [Effect of smectite on the changes in gastric potential difference induced by aspirin in man]. PMID- 6526248 TI - [Achalasia of the lower esophageal sphincter caused by pleural mesothelioma]. PMID- 6526249 TI - [Acute fatal hepatitis during treatment with diclofenac (Voltarene)]. PMID- 6526250 TI - [Portocaval anastomosis in rats]. PMID- 6526251 TI - [Relation between alcoholic cirrhosis and extrahepatic cancers not linked with alcohol or tobacco]. PMID- 6526252 TI - [Collapse of the gallbladder in acute viral hepatitis: an unrecognized aspect]. PMID- 6526253 TI - Postprandial release of neurotensin-like immunoreactivity and its mechanism. AB - The effects of various ingested materials on plasma neurotensin-like immunoreactivity (NTLI) in humans were investigated using a newly developed, specific radioimmunoassay. Plasma NTLI was determined after its extraction with acid/acetone (recovery 77 +/- 4%). The intraassay and interassay coefficients of variation were 3.6% and 8.9%, respectively. The plasma concentration of human NTLI in normal subjects was 5.6 +/- 2.9 pmol/l and showed no significant sex difference. Ingestion of a test meal (150 g of Campbell's condensed meat soup) caused a biphasic rise in plasma NTLI from a basal level of 5.7 +/- 1.0 pmol/l to 10.8 +/- 1.2 pmol/l after 30 min and 9.6 +/- 1.1 pmol/l after 120 min. Ingestion of 5.5 g fat resulted in a biphasic rise in plasma NTLI from a basal level of 4.8 +/- 0.3 pmol/l to 8.9 +/- 0.3 pmol/l after 15 min and 11.9 +/- 0.4 pmol/l after 90 min. When 100-150 mg of ileal mucosa was perfused with a solution of 2 mEq/l fatty acids, 1 mM or 5 mM sodium taurocholate or 154 mM sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3), the release of NTLI from the mucosa into the perfusate was 2.3-fold, 4.3-fold and 7.5-fold, respectively, over the base level. These results indicate that NTLI release is stimulated by ingestions of meat soup and fat and that NTLI present in the human ileum is released by the direct actions of solutions of fatty acid, sodium taurocholate, and NaHCO3 on the ileal mucosa. These findings strongly suggest that neurotensin (NT) has a physiological role in gut physiology. PMID- 6526254 TI - Growth rates of colorectal carcinoma and adenoma by roentgenologic follow-up observations. AB - During the last 15 years, seventeen patients with polypoid lesions or carcinoma in the colon or rectum were repeatedly examined with barium enemas. The doubling time of these colorectal tumors was calculated according to Spratt's theory of the growth rate of neoplasms. The doubling times of 6 carcinomas varied from 92.4 to 1032.2 days with those of early carcinomas being much shorter than those of advanced lesions. Advanced lesions of the proximal colon had a shorter doubling time than those of the distal colon. The doubling times of 6 adenomatous polyps ranged from 146.5 to 398.5 days, thus coinciding with the time interval of the carcinomas. However, 5 other adenomatous polyps did not grow during the follow-up period which ranged from 420 to 816 days. There was no definite correlation between the doubling time and the histology of the tumors. The difference in the doubling time of carcinomas correlated more with location than the histological grade of malignancy. PMID- 6526256 TI - Sequential changes in nuclear DNA content by chemotherapy observed in experimental canine gastric cancer. AB - It is known that the nuclear DNA contents correlate with the grade of malignancy. In this study, nuclear DNA contents of biopsy specimens taken from N-ethyl-N' nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (ENNG)-induced canine gastric cancer were measured by Feulgen-DNA-cytofluorometry. The DNA content and histological findings were sequentially observed after weekly administration of 7-N-(p-hydroxyphenyl) mitomycin C (0.8 mg/kg), a kind of mitomycin C derivative. The appearance rate of cells over 4C decreased remarkably from 18.8% to 9.86% on average (p less than 0.02) and the maximum value of distribution also went down from 9.18C to 7.33C (p less than 0.01) at the early stage of administration of the oncostatic agent when no histological change was yet observable. It might be expected that this procedure will enable the future evaluation of oncostatic effects at the cellular level more objectively. PMID- 6526255 TI - Hepatic granuloma. Report of a case successfully treated by hepatectomy and antituberculous therapy. AB - A 62 year-old male presented with high fever, weight loss and painful hepatomegaly. The clinical presentation, results of laboratory studies, angiography and laparotomy suggested hepatic abscess or cholangiocarcinoma. He underwent left lobe hepatectomy, and pathological examinations revealed granuloma. Acid-fast bacilli, fungi and parasites were not identified by special stainings. Hepatic tuberculosis was considered most likely because, after operation, an intermediate-strength purified protein derivative (PPD) skin test gave strongly positive results and his subsequent response to antituberculous treatment was excellent. His complex clinical features and the diagnostic difficulties were outlined. PMID- 6526257 TI - Ethanol-GABA interactions at the rat Purkinje cell. AB - Single unit cerebellar Purkinje cell activity was recorded extracellularly in urethane-anaesthetised rats. An inhibition of these cells, believed to be GABA mediated, which is produced by local surface stimulation of the cerebellar cortex was antagonized by the local, micropressure application of ethanol. The inhibition of cerebellar Purkinje cells produced by local micropressure application of GABA was similarly antagonized by a slow i.v. infusion of ethanol (1.5 g/kg over 10 min). When both ethanol and GABA were applied to the Purkinje cells by local micropressure the results were difficult to interpret due to an ethanol-induced decrease in the baseline firing rate. There was a decrease in the absolute GABA-mediated inhibition but no change in the relative inhibition. In general, it appears that ethanol produces an antagonism of GABA-mediated inhibition of cerebellar Purkinje cells. PMID- 6526258 TI - Ethanol depresses inferior olive neurones and reduces Purkinje cell complex spike activity evoked by cerebral cortical stimulation. AB - Complex spike activity was evoked in cerebellar Purkinje cells by submaximal stimulation of the sensory cerebral cortex of urethane anaesthetised rats. Ethanol (1.5 g/kg, i.v. over 10 min) produced a parallel decrease in spontaneous and cerebral cortex-evoked CS activity. The spontaneous firing rate of inferior olive neurones was decreased by ethanol administered intravenously (1.5 g/kg, over 10 min) or locally by micropressure ejection. Thus, the decrease in CS activity produced by ethanol is due to a depression of inferior olive neurones, possibly by a direct action of ethanol on these neurones. PMID- 6526259 TI - Contrasting effects of pharmacologic vasodilation on true collateral and overlap perfusion in ischemic myocardium. AB - The effects of chromonar (3.5 and 7.0 mg/kg i.v.), a selective coronary vasodilator, on true collateral blood flow and overlap flow (noncollateral perfusion due to overlapping end arteries of adjacent coronary vessels) were measured independently in anesthetized dogs following acute coronary occlusion. Collateral flow in the ischemic zone was significantly (P less than 0.05) reduced by chromonar in a dose-related manner while transmural overlap flow was increased. True collateral flow was distributed primarily to the subepicardium and chromonar produced a significant reduction in both subepicardial and subendocardial perfusion. Overlap perfusion was distributed equally across the left ventricular wall and chromonar increased perfusion to both subepicardium and subendocardium. The results indicate that there are two independent sources of perfusion of ischemic myocardium and that pharmacologic vasodilation with chromonar produces opposite effects on each: a steal of true collateral blood flow and an increase in overlap perfusion. PMID- 6526260 TI - Effects of reserpine on recovery rates after inhibition of monoamine oxidase in different regions of mouse brain. AB - Adult mice were injected once with the monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitor pargyline, every 3 days with the amine storage depletor reserpine, or with both drugs. Serotonin content of brainstem and cerebrum was increased after pargyline, decreased after reserpine, and showed intermediate values following administration of both drugs. MAO activity after pargyline recovered in a time dependent fashion, with recovery rates of hypothalamus greater than cerebellum greater than cerebrum greater than brainstem. After reserpine, recovery rates of MAO were less in hypothalamus and cerebellum, suggesting that the amount of MAO synthesized may be related to the level of substrates in these regions. PMID- 6526261 TI - Changes in the responsiveness of the cat ileocecal sphincter to adrenergic agents during the postnatal period. AB - The changes in the responsiveness of the cat ileocecal sphincter (ICS) to adrenergic agents during the postnatal period were studied by the effect of noradrenaline (applied cumulatively: 0.01-100 mumol) on the mechanical activity:smooth muscle tone and phasic contractions. Noradrenaline contracted the ICS smooth muscle through alpha 1-adrenergic receptors. These receptors were differentiated in the first postnatal days but continue to develop functionally even after 60 days postnatal. An age-determined decrease in the EC50 values of noradrenaline, inducing tonic contractions, was established. Noradrenaline inhibited the phasic contractions of ICS. This effect increased after beta adrenergic receptor blockers, and disappeared after blocking of alpha 1 adrenergic receptors, which suggests the existence of a postjunctional inhibitory adrenergic receptor of alpha 1 type. The beta-adrenergic receptors in the ICS smooth muscle are not differentiated until 15 days postnatal. They developed functionally towards 30 days postnatal. PMID- 6526262 TI - Responses of striatal neurons to anesthetics and analgesics in freely moving rats. AB - The effects of anaesthetics and analgesics on striatal neurons were examined in freely moving rats by recording extracellular action potentials of neurons in the striatum. Spontaneous multiple unit activity was reduced to less than 20% of control firing rates following either pentobarbital 35 mg/kg i.p., halothane 3%, chloral hydrate 400 mg/kg i.p., or urethane 1.5 g/kg i.p. Morphine 15 mg/kg i.p., decreased striatal neuronal firing whereas ketamine, 50 mg/kg i.p., excited striatal neurons. The only analgesic agent tested that did not significantly affect striatal neuronal firing was nitrous oxide (70% N2O/30% O2). These findings demonstrate that nitrous oxide is a suitable analgesic which can be used to alleviate stress and pain associated with immobilization procedures without appreciably altering spontaneous striatal discharge rates. PMID- 6526263 TI - Effects of chlorpromazine on the isolated perfused guinea pig heart. AB - Chlorpromazine altered the mechanical and electrical activity of the isolated perfused guinea pig heart. While its effects on coronary flow were variable, chlorpromazine increased resting diastolic isometric tension and decreased the isometric systolic tension developed by spontaneously beating hearts. Heart rate was also decreased. The drug depressed conduction through the His-Purkinje system and ventricular muscle to a greater extent than it did atrial conduction time and AV nodal conduction time. From our data, we concluded that the greatest depressant action of chlorpromazine on the electrical activity of the isolated perfused guinea pig heart occurred within the specialized ventricular conduction system and ventricular muscle. PMID- 6526264 TI - Testosterone and tolerance in rat vas deferens. AB - Testosterone is able to inhibit the development of tolerance in the smooth muscle of the rat vas deferens. Cycloheximide and actinomycin D also inhibit the tolerance to morphine and ethanol in smooth muscle of rat vas deferens. The toxic effect of cycloheximide and actinomycin D do not play roles in the inhibition of tolerance. The physiological responses of vas deferens to norepinephrine are not altered by cycloheximide and actinomycin D. PMID- 6526265 TI - Use of the artificial beta cell (ABC) in the assessment of peripheral insulin sensitivity: effect of chromium supplementation in diabetic patients. AB - The artificial beta cell (ABC), a closed-loop insulin delivery system, was used to determine insulin sensitivity. Progressively increasing glucose loads were administered after initial stabilization of the blood glucose at euglycemic levels such that the serum C-peptide was suppressed. The amount of insulin required to maintain euglycemia was considered a measure of sensitivity to insulin. Six stable maturity onset diabetics were studied before and after supplementation with chromium-rich brewer's yeast. All patients demonstrated an increase in sensitivity to insulin as indicated by a decrease in the fasting blood glucose concentration and a decrease in insulin requirement during the glucose challenge (P less than 0.02). The data obtained support the hypothesis that chromium or some other factor(s) present in brewer's yeast potentiates the peripheral effects of insulin. It remains to be established whether this effect occurs at the receptor or post-receptor level. PMID- 6526266 TI - The effect of delta-aminolaevulinic acid on the high affinity uptake of aspartic acid by rat brain synaptosomes. AB - delta-Aminolaevulinic (delta-ALA) acid is an analogue of GABA, glutamate and aspartate. High affinity GABA uptake by synaptosomes is inhibited by delta-ALA in a competitive fashion at high concentrations (greater than 0.5 mM). Glutamate uptake is inhibited in a non-competitive fashion at all delta-ALA concentrations (0.05-2.0 mM). High affinity aspartate uptake is inhibited in a non-competitive fashion at high concentration (greater than 1.0 mM) but exhibits a curve which resembles that for the inhibition of GABA uptake. The different interactions between delta-ALA, glutamate and aspartate may be evidence for a separate transport system for aspartate. PMID- 6526267 TI - Effect of benzo(a)pyrene treatment of neonatal and growing rats on steroid receptor binding capacity in adulthood. AB - A single treatment to rats of a low dose of benzo(a)pyrene within 24 hr after birth or at 3 weeks of age accounted for a considerable depression of the binding capacity of glucocorticoid receptors for dexamethasone at 4 months of age. The influence of pretreatment with benzo(a)pyrene was greater in the growing than in the neonatal age. Since the applied treatment did not alter receptor affinity, the decrease in binding capacity was in all probability due to a benzo(a)pyrene induced decrease in the number of receptors. PMID- 6526268 TI - Adolescent self-consciousness and the imaginary audience. AB - An Adolescent Social Behavior Scale (ASBS) was developed to measure the imaginary audience construct and aspects of adolescent self-consciousness in social situations. There were 60 Ss (30 male, 30 female) at each of three grade levels, 8, 10, and 12, and 26 adults (9 male, 15 female) in the sample. Results show that younger Ss gave significantly more imaginary audience behavior and externally self-conscious responses than older Ss, while only moderate age differences were apparent for internally motivated self-consciousness. High anxiety was generally associated with high self-consciousness of both types, but not with imaginary audience behavior. The need for clarity in operationalizing the concepts of imaginary audience behavior and self-consciousness is emphasized. PMID- 6526269 TI - A human dihydrofolate reductase intronless pseudogene with an Alu repetitive sequence: multiple DNA insertions at a single chromosomal site. AB - A dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) pseudogene, hDHFR-psi 3 has been isolated from a human genomic DNA fragment library. Sequence analysis of this gene revealed a lack of introns and the presence of a tract of nine adenines, 90 bp downstream from the end of the coding sequence. These features suggest that hDHFR-psi 3 was derived from a processed RNA molecule that has been converted into DNA and inserted into a chromosome, analogous to the origin of three intronless human DHFR genes previously described. An interesting feature of hDHFR-psi 3 is the presence of a member of the Alu moderately repetitive DNA sequence family within the DHFR coding region. This Alu element is flanked by a 16 bp directly repeated DNA segment derived from DHFR coding sequences. The Alu element apparently has been inserted into the intronless DHFR pseudogene and thus, there have been two insertions at a single chromosomal locus. The hDHFR-psi 3 contains only the 3' half of the DHFR coding sequence. Immediately upstream from the directly repeated sequence before the Alu element is an adenine-rich tract. The DNA farther upstream is moderately repetitive and is related to neither DHFR nor Alu DNA sequence. Therefore, it seems possible that a third insertion has occurred at the same site further disrupting the hDHFR coding sequences. PMID- 6526270 TI - Sequence of the cell division gene CDC2 from Schizosaccharomyces pombe; patterns of splicing and homology to protein kinases. AB - The complete nucleotide sequence of a 2.9-kb DNA fragment containing the CDC2 gene-complementing activity from Schizosaccharomyces pombe has been determined. Within this region lies a 1.69-kb DNA sequence whose predicted amino acid sequence shows extensive homology to that previously deduced for the CDC28 gene product from Saccharomyces cerevisiae [Lorincz and Reed, Nature 307 (1984) 183 185]. Taken with the earlier observation that mutants in CDC2 can be rescued by the presence of the CDC28 gene [Beach, Durkacz and Nurse, Nature 300 (1982) 706 709], these results strongly suggest that the two genes code for similar functions. In contrast to the CDC28 gene, however, which contains no introns, the CDC2 coding sequence is split by four introns and from a comparison of the two sequences a consensus sequence for intron splicing in S. pombe can be established. Both CDC2 and CDC28 contain the consensus sequences for the ATP binding and phosphorylation acceptor sites of protein kinases such as bovine cAMP dependent protein kinase (bov PK) and the src family of viral oncogene products. PMID- 6526271 TI - Human metallothionein MT-I and MT-II processed genes. AB - Two intronless pseudogenes, corresponding to the human metallothionein MT-I and MT-II processed genes, have been isolated from a human genomic library. MT-I processed gene has accumulated a number of mutations including a nonsense mutation giving rise to a termination codon at amino acid position 21, and a single base deletion at amino acid position 47 causing a shift in the reading frame. MT-II processed gene is a full-length perfect copy of its corresponding mRNA except for a few mutations. Most of the mutations in MT-II processed gene are silent except that the amino acid glycine (GGT) at position 10 is changed to serine (AGT) due to a transition. Both MT-I and MT-II processed genes possess poly(A) sequences of 21 and 17 nucleotides, respectively, 3' to the consensus AATAAA sequence. While these genes are quite similar in their sequences at the 3' untranslated region, they show less than 50% homology in the 5'-untranslated sequences. Two direct repeats of 16 and 18 nucleotides in length define the limits of the MT-I and MT-II processed genes, respectively, and have been confirmed by S1 nuclease mapping analysis. In both MT-I and MT-II processed genes these direct repeats towards the 5' end of the gene start with an AhaIII (TTTAAA) restriction site. Our studies suggest that these direct repeats are the results of the insertion site duplication. PMID- 6526273 TI - Molecular cloning and nucleotide sequence of a variant wheat histone H4 gene. AB - To determine whether there is structural variation among histone H4 genes in wheat, one (TH091) of the H4 genes that had been cloned from a wheat genomic DNA library was sequenced and compared with another H4 gene (TH011) which we had described previously [Tabata et al., Nucl. Acids Res. 11 (1983) 5865-5865]. Nucleotide sequence analysis revealed that there are 17 nucleotide replacements in the protein-coding region of two H4 genes, causing only one amino acid substitution: a glycine at position 4 (from the N terminus) in TH011 was replaced by an aspartic acid in TH091. S1 mapping, using total nuclear RNA from germinated seeds, indicated that the H4 gene was transcribed in vivo. PMID- 6526272 TI - Cloning of human adenosine deaminase cDNA and expression in mouse cells. AB - A previously isolated partial cDNA sequence encoding human adenosine deaminase (ADA) was used to probe a cDNA library prepared from human cultured cell mRNA. Clones containing a combined overlapping length of 1462 bp were isolated and sequenced. One of these was found to include the entire ADA coding region. An open reading frame consisting of 363 codons was identified, predicting a polypeptide of Mr 40762. A mammalian expression plasmid was constructed, positioning the ADA coding sequence to be under transcriptional control of the mouse metallothionein promoter. Transfection of cultured mouse L-cells with this plasmid resulted in the acute expression of human ADA enzymatic activity, as assayed by isoelectric focusing. PMID- 6526274 TI - An unusual repetitive structure of caerulein mRNA from the skin of Xenopus laevis. AB - The nucleotide sequence of a 784-bp segment of cloned caerulein mRNA obtained from the skin of Xenopus laevis was determined. It codes for five heterogeneous procaerulein peptides interspersed with three 147-bp intercaerulein segments (ICS). The ICSs contain six inverted repeats and five eukaryotic enhancer-like sequences. Evidence for the presence of multiple forms of caerulein mRNA is presented. PMID- 6526275 TI - Characterization of duck genome fragments containing beta and epsilon globin genes. AB - We have isolated two allelic duck-genomic DNA fragments containing beta-type globin genes. The beta- and epsilon-globin genes are 1800 bp apart in both fragments, have second introns of 1100 and 1200 bp, respectively, and small first introns. We have also determined approx. 550 nucleotides of the sequence on the 5' side of the beta-globin gene. Comparison with the chicken beta-globin gene suggests sequences of possible significance to gene expression. PMID- 6526276 TI - [Critical significance of several indicators of water supply contamination with waste water from the cellulose-paper industry]. PMID- 6526277 TI - [Hygienic evaluation of the working facilities for the purification and decontamination of waste water on ships]. PMID- 6526278 TI - [Hygienic substantiation of the maximum allowable concentration of the pesticide valexon in soil]. PMID- 6526279 TI - [Several methodological approaches to the study of environmental exposure on the health of the population in a territorial industrial zone (the Carpathian region)]. PMID- 6526280 TI - [Hygienic evaluation of several new polymer materials designed for use in water treatment systems]. PMID- 6526281 TI - [Hygienic regulation of barium carbonate in the atmosphere of populated areas]. PMID- 6526282 TI - [Method for the quantitative evaluation of the degree of elimination of microorganisms after the application of disinfectants]. PMID- 6526283 TI - [Effect of broad-band constant noise on the functioning of various systems in the animal body]. PMID- 6526284 TI - [Rating of the sanitary-technological status of working conditions in health care facilities]. PMID- 6526285 TI - [Modern approaches to the solution of health issues in environmental protection]. PMID- 6526286 TI - [Effect of smoking on the contamination and ionization of the air]. PMID- 6526287 TI - [Methodological approach to the development of hygienic predictions of air quality in the environs of big petrochemical complexes]. PMID- 6526288 TI - [Methods of monitoring psychological work capacity and emotional activity]. PMID- 6526289 TI - [Methodological approach to the study of microbial contamination in domestic waste (reused textile material)]. PMID- 6526290 TI - [Spectrophotometric determination of toluene in the air of a work area]. PMID- 6526291 TI - [The optimum method of controlling the human intake of radionuclides from water supplies]. PMID- 6526292 TI - [A method for determining the acidity of water vapor in the air]. PMID- 6526293 TI - [Advantages of the LD0 parameter over the LD50]. PMID- 6526294 TI - [The dynamic toxic load indicator and causes of error]. PMID- 6526295 TI - [Evaluation of the quality of water using combined indicators]. PMID- 6526296 TI - [Setting hygienic standards for zinc-complexes of nitrilotrimethyl phosphonic acid in reservoirs]. PMID- 6526297 TI - [Hygienic estimation of soil contamination by heterophos]. PMID- 6526298 TI - [Determination of the balance of various trace elements in athletes]. PMID- 6526299 TI - [Sanitary-toxicological evaluation of manganese intake from drinking water]. PMID- 6526300 TI - [Hygienic regulation of magnesium oxide aerosols in the atmosphere]. PMID- 6526301 TI - [Color sensitivity threshold of the visual analyzer as an indicator of the effectiveness of measures for raising the resistance of the body to UV radiation and vitamin C deficiencies]. PMID- 6526303 TI - [Methodological approach to the prediction of the microbial contamination of reservoirs]. PMID- 6526302 TI - [Toxicological and hygienic characteristics of methyl benzoate]. PMID- 6526305 TI - [Tasks of occupational physiology in light of contemporary problems in the prevention of workers' diseases]. PMID- 6526304 TI - [Effect of solamid-1 on the immunobiological reaction of the body]. PMID- 6526306 TI - [Functional status of the segmental apparatus of the human spinal cord during exposure to tiresome static loads of varying strength]. PMID- 6526307 TI - [Effect of heat stress on the work capacity of operators]. PMID- 6526308 TI - [Occupational health and disease among the staff of resuscitation and intensive care units]. PMID- 6526309 TI - [Relations between changes in lipid metabolism and the degree of exposure to neuro-emotional factors]. PMID- 6526310 TI - [Organizational and practical questions concerning the work of engineer-physician teams]. PMID- 6526311 TI - [Features of hygienic control of contact contamination of the skin with industrial poisons]. PMID- 6526312 TI - [Principal occupational health problems in synthetic dye and aniline dye intermediate-product plants]. PMID- 6526313 TI - [Bronchospastic syndrome in acute pneumonia among workers in a chromium plant]. PMID- 6526314 TI - [Classification of occupational bronchial asthma of chemical etiology]. PMID- 6526315 TI - [Hygienic significance of force loads and recommendations for optimizing them in the design of manually-operated machines]. PMID- 6526316 TI - [Cholinergic activity of the blood among healthy workers in the chromium industry and workers with chromium pathology]. PMID- 6526317 TI - [Various aspects of the toxicology and clinical features of cyclohexanone]. PMID- 6526318 TI - [Toxicity of several aliphatic amines]. PMID- 6526319 TI - [Analysis of chlorobenzene in skin washings]. PMID- 6526320 TI - [Hygienic significance of dimethylformamide penetration through the skin]. PMID- 6526321 TI - [Case of occupational paralysis of the facial muscles in a trumpet player]. PMID- 6526322 TI - [Need for further improvement in the prevention of occupational mercurialism in modern instrument manufacturing plants]. PMID- 6526323 TI - [Physiologo-hygienic characteristics of arc-welders in modern pipe arc-welding plants]. PMID- 6526324 TI - [Spirometric studies in women during normal pregnancy and in pregnancy complicated by anemia]. PMID- 6526325 TI - [Screening analysis of immunoglobulin M in umbilical cord blood]. PMID- 6526326 TI - [Breast neoplasms and polymorphic acetylation]. PMID- 6526327 TI - [Multifocal form of squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva and cervix uteri]. PMID- 6526328 TI - [Case of delayed splenic rupture in a pregnant woman]. PMID- 6526329 TI - [Medical errors in obstetrics]. PMID- 6526330 TI - [Usefulness of an enzymatic method of determining placental lactogen and estriol in the serum and cardiotocographic recording in monitoring high-risk pregnancy]. PMID- 6526331 TI - [Complications of labor, puerperium and the neonatal period associated with amnioscopy]. PMID- 6526332 TI - [Cases of cervix dysplasia handled by the outpatient clinic of the Madurowicz Obstetric and Gynecological Hospital in Wroclaw]. PMID- 6526333 TI - [Colposcopic verification of cytological examinations of the cervix uteri in women]. PMID- 6526334 TI - [Evaluation of methods of amniotic fluid cell culture for prenatal diagnosis]. PMID- 6526335 TI - [Favorable result of the use of heparin in 2 cases of amniotic fluid embolism]. PMID- 6526336 TI - [Hyperreactive uterine contraction detected in the cardiotocogram as an early sign of symptom-free abruptio placentae]. PMID- 6526337 TI - [Possibilities and limits of gynecologic surgery. Abstracts]. PMID- 6526338 TI - [Annual meeting of the Austrian Society for Gynecology and Obstetrics. June 1984, Bad Mitterndorf. Abstracts]. PMID- 6526339 TI - Retroperitoneal metastatic spread of malignant Brenner tumor. AB - It became evident that ovarian cancer spreads mainly by continuity to the adjacent pelvic organs. Retroperitoneal node metastases, especially in the absence of other forms of spread, when the neoplasm is confined to the ovary, is less well described. Recent literature stressed that different histological types of ovarian epithelial cancer can and do spread to the retroperitoneal lymphatics early in the course of the disease. In this report we present a patient with FIGO Ia malignant Brenner tumor in whom metastatic disease was found in retroperitoneal lymph nodes. To our knowledge, a similar observation has not been previously described. It should be concluded that selective biopsies of the retroperitoneal lymph nodes should be part of the staging laparotomy for any ovarian carcinoma. PMID- 6526340 TI - Collagen and glycosaminoglycans in the human ovarian capsule with polycystic ovarian disease. AB - Connective tissue of human ovarian capsule with polycystic ovarian disease (PCO) is analyzed. The connective tissue components of the capsule were found to mainly consist of type I collagen and acid glycosaminoglycans, such as dermatan sulfate, heparan sulfate, and chondroitin 4- and 6-sulfate. Although their concentration and constituent ratio in the PCO capsule are found to be similar to those in the normal, their total amounts in whole capsule with PCO are higher than in normal ones, because of the enlarged ovary and the thickened capsule. Furthermore, collagen solubility for pepsin in the PCO capsule is larger than that in the normal one. The results suggest that the activation of connective tissue metabolism in the ovarian capsule is one of the factors of anovulation in PCO. PMID- 6526341 TI - Predictive value of uterine contractility and the serum levels of progesterone and oestrogens with regard to preterm labour. AB - A longitudinal investigation regarding the serum concentrations of oestradiol, oestriol and progesterone in relation to uterine activity has been performed in 80 healthy primigravid women during the course of pregnancy up to the 37th week of pregnancy. The frequency of uterine contractions was quantitatively objectivated by means of external toco-dynamometry; simultaneously the uterine activity has been recorded by the pregnant women qualitatively. It appears that there is a gradual increase of all the three mentioned hormones during the course of pregnancy. However, there is a large interindividual spread. There exists no relation between the hormonal serum levels and uterine activity (quantitatively as well as qualitatively recorded). Between these two latter there is a poor relation. It is impossible to predict the occurrence of preterm birth based on hormonal serum changes. This holds for the progesterone-oestradiol ratio. PMID- 6526342 TI - Retrograde time-scale analysis of human placental lactogen, beta human chorionic gonadotropin, and unconjugated estriol levels in human maternal serum from the onset of spontaneous labor. AB - We analyzed on a retrograde time scale which calculated in maternal serum, from the onset of spontaneous labor, human placental lactogen (hPL), beta human chorionic gonadotropin (beta-hCG), unconjugated estriol (E3) levels, and the ratios among these hormones in the normal late pregnancy. Maternal serum hPL, beta-hCG, and unconjugated E3 levels were measured simultaneously and serially in regular menstrual sera from 27 women in late pregnancy (total 155 samples) by radioimmunoassay. The peak level of hPL was found at 2 weeks before labor, and the peak of beta-hCG was found during 2-4 weeks before the onset of spontaneous labor. On the other hand, the mean level of E3 rose slightly with advancing gestational age. The hormonal ratios of hPL to E3 and beta-hCG to E3 decreased gradually toward the onset of labor, but the ratios of hPL to beta-hCG did not change. From these data, it is possible to conclude that the onset of spontaneous labor can be predicted by measuring the levels of hPL and unconjugated E3 in maternal peripheral serum. PMID- 6526344 TI - [Neuropharmacological study of the internal anal sphincter in an animal model]. PMID- 6526343 TI - Effect of zinc nutrition on parturition and postpartum in the rat. AB - The effects of zinc deficiency on parturition were studied in three groups of Wistar rats. Group A received a zinc-adequate control diet (Zn = 33 ppm), group B received a zinc-deficient diet (Zn = 2.6 ppm), and group C received the zinc deficient diet plus a supplement of zinc in the drinking water (100 micrograms/ml). The results showed a prolonged parturition (p less than 0.05) in group B (149 +/- 42 min) as compared to group A (78.6 +/- 23.7 min) and group C (82.4 +/- 20.8 min). No significant difference was found in regard to uterine bleeding. A different pattern of maternal behavior was found in the animals of group B who did not retrieve or lactate the pups. The importance of an adequate zinc status for normal parturition is stressed. PMID- 6526345 TI - [Transtelephone ECG monitoring for detecting cardiac arrhythmia]. PMID- 6526346 TI - [Pituitary apoplexy presenting as meningo-encephalitis]. PMID- 6526347 TI - [Skin reaction to BCG vaccination]. PMID- 6526349 TI - [Urate spherulite crystals in gouty synovial fluid]. PMID- 6526348 TI - [Giant cell tumors of bone]. PMID- 6526350 TI - [Death in-utero of one twin due to asymptomatic premature separation of the placenta]. PMID- 6526352 TI - [Pregnancy in Fanconi's anemia]. PMID- 6526353 TI - [Lumbar sympathectomy for venostatic leg ulcer]. PMID- 6526351 TI - [Sudden death during Holter monitoring]. PMID- 6526354 TI - [Penicillin allergy]. PMID- 6526356 TI - [The skin immune system]. PMID- 6526355 TI - [The thymic hormones: their function and therapeutic potential]. PMID- 6526357 TI - [Alzheimer's disease]. PMID- 6526358 TI - [First trimester prenatal diagnosis]. PMID- 6526359 TI - [Periodontal diseases: etiology, pathogenesis and prevention]. PMID- 6526360 TI - [Umbilical vein grafts for lower extremity bypasses]. PMID- 6526361 TI - [Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in children]. PMID- 6526362 TI - [Arsenic-induced, multifocal basalioma as the cause of a chronic leg ulcer]. PMID- 6526363 TI - [An improved intradermal test method for drug allergies. Test results with an in vitro mixture of serum and drug]. PMID- 6526364 TI - [Electron microscopic and chemical studies on the pathologically altered vitreous body]. PMID- 6526365 TI - Hydrazonopropionic acids, a new class of hypoglycemic substances. 4. Hypoglycemic effect of 2-(3-methyl-cinnamylhydrazono)-propionate in the rat and guinea pig. AB - The hydrazone-compound 2-(3-methyl-cinnamylhydrazono)-propionate (MCHP) significantly lowered the blood glucose concentration in fasted guinea pigs and rats. A significant decrease of blood glucose levels was observed in fasted guinea pigs already after an intraperitoneal injection of 20.5 mumol/kg MCHP, while much higher doses (about 1000 mumol/kg) were necessary to produce a hypoglycemic effect in the fasted rat. After oral administration MCHP (82.0 mumol/kg) significantly decreased the blood glucose concentration in guinea pigs. Furthermore MCHP caused a dose-dependent increase of plasma free fatty acid concentrations in guinea pigs and rats. In addition, MCHP decreased the concentrations of blood ketone bodies, plasma cholesterol and intrahepatic acetyl coenzyme A in the guinea pig. All of these findings appear to be due to a reduced fatty acid utilization in the presence of MCHP resulting presumably in an intramitochondrial deficiency of acetyl-CoA. At hypoglycemic effective doses the intramitochondrial and cytoplasmatic redox ratios as well as the hepatic ATP/ADP ratio were not influenced by MCHP in fasted guinea pigs. Even at large doses (123 mumol/kg) MCHP decreased the activity of monoamino oxidase in guinea pigs only by less than 15%. Furthermore MCHP showed under our experimental conditions no relevant influence on the activity of various liver enzymes in plasma, the plasma concentration of creatinine, the plasma triglyceride-glycerol level and on the intrahepatic triglyceride-glycerol concentration of fasted guinea pigs. It is concluded that MCHP meets basic requirements for a potential oral antidiabetic agent. PMID- 6526366 TI - Effect of a single dose of triiodothyronine on the uptake of (methyl-14C)choline into chick liver phospholipids. AB - The effects of a single dose of 3,3'-5-triiodothyronine (T3) on the uptake of (methyl-14C) choline into liver phosphatidylcholine (PC) and lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) were studied in chicks as a function of time up to 6 h after injection of the radioactive precursor. In all cases, chicks received the T3 dose intraperitoneally 5 h before injection of the labelled compound. T3 enhances the incorporation of 14C-choline into liver PC, showing a biphasic response; the main uptake occurs between 2 and 3 h after administering the precursor. A smaller but significant hormone-dependent increase in incorporation of the labelled compound is observed in the case of LPC. Lipid P associated to PC and LPC remains constant throughout the experiment, and does not vary with hormone treatment. It is suggested that T3-injection increases, either directly or through other metabolic processes, PC and LPC turnover in chick liver cells. PMID- 6526367 TI - Liver regeneration in oral contraceptive treated female rats--effects of moderate malnutrition. AB - Treatment of well-nourished female rats with a combination of 5 micrograms ethynyl estradiol and 100 micrograms ethynodiol diacetate, increased the DNA content, 3H thymidine incorporation into DNA and mitotic activity in the non regenerating liver, but impaired liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy. In rats which were moderately malnourished by feeding 25 percent less calories and 50 percent of recommended allowance for vitamins A and B2, OC treatment had similar stimulatory effect on non-regenerating liver, but did not impair liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy. Analysis of nucleotide bases after hydrolysis of unpolymerized nucleotides and nucleosides revealed significant perturbations due to OC treatment. However, the impaired liver regeneration due to OC treatment of well-nourished rats could not be attributed to diminished availability of bases, particularly thymidine. Data on mitotic index and binucleate cell numbers suggest that besides inhibiting mitosis (DNA duplication), OC treatment of well-nourished rats may also impair partitioning of binucleate cells. PMID- 6526368 TI - Sex differences in adrenocortical structure and function. XIV. Heparin-releasable liver-lipase like activity in rat adrenals as affected by gonadectomy and testosterone or estradiol replacement. AB - Heparin-releasable liver-lipase like activity was studied in adrenals of intact, gonadectomized and gonadectomized-testosterone or estradiol replaced rats. Besides acid lipase, rat adrenals contain a neutral lipase activity. From both male and female adrenals about 70% of this activity is extractable by heparin containing medium. Activity of this lipase in 8000 g supernatant was higher in female than male adrenals. Orchiectomy of 12 weeks duration increased neutral lipase activity in rat adrenal, an effect reversed to normal level by testosterone replacement. On the other hand ovariectomy had no effect while estradiol replacement resulted in an increased activity of the neutral lipase of rat adrenal gland. The results showed a distinct sex-difference in heparin releasable liver-lipase like activity of rat adrenals which depends on the inhibitory action of testosterone on the enzyme activity. PMID- 6526370 TI - Estrogen biosynthesis in leiomyoma and myometrium of the uterus. PMID- 6526369 TI - Urinary 3-methylhistidine derivative as indicator of nutrients intake in low birth-weight infants. AB - Urinary excretion levels of N-methylhistidine derivatives and N methylhistidine/creatinine ratios were studied in a group of 20 small for date newborns, 10 premature infants and 8 normal infants, at birth and at one week of life. All infants were fed with an adapted milk formula supplying 2.8 g protein/kg body weight. 1-methyl and 3-methylhistidine urinary excretion were increased in all groups of infants from birth to the 7th day of life. Creatinine and N-methyl derivatives/creatinine ratios were also significantly increased at one week of life. The two ratios showed a higher level in small for date and premature infants than in normal infants at birth which continued relatively increased at one week of life. 3-methyl-histidine/creatinine ratio appears as a useful indicator of the turnover rate of muscular proteins in low-birth-weight infants. PMID- 6526371 TI - A pilot study of medication and group therapy for obesity in a group of physicians. AB - This pilot study evaluated group therapy and the appetite suppressant activity of phenylpropanolamine in a group of juvenile-onset obese physicians. In spite of their educational level and their medical sophistication, they were not previously successfully motivated to lose weight. Twelve obese but otherwise healthy physicians participated in a program using phenylpropanolamine one or two times per day and attending weekly group therapy that focused on weight reduction, dietary compliance, physical appearance, and psychodynamics of obesity. Those who continued participation in both the medication and group discussions showed significant weight loss, an average of 23.3 pounds at the end of 12 weeks, 33.2 pounds at 22 weeks and continued weight loss maintenance for up to two years. PMID- 6526372 TI - The MMPI in three groups of patients with significant weight loss. AB - Fifty patients with severe weight loss thought to be caused by anorexia nervosa were hospitalized for evaluation. On the basis of psychiatric history and mental state examination, they were divided into three diagnostic categories: anorexia nervosa; other. The MMPI of patients with anorexia nervosa was markedly abnormal, with highest peaks on the D (depression), PT (obsessionality and anxiety), and SC (schizophrenia) scales. This profile was similar to that of patients with obsessional symptoms and neurotic depression, but differed significantly from the profile of patients with low weight but normal mental state examination. These findings suggest that starvation alone does not explain the psychopathological symptoms similar to those with depressive and obsessional symptomatology. The MMPI is useful in differentiating anorexia nervosa from those with lowered weight from nonpsychiatric causes, but does not by itself provide a distinct diagnostic category when compared with neurotic disorders having similar symptom clusters. PMID- 6526373 TI - Psychoanalytic approach to psychotic disturbances in very young children: a clinical report. AB - While the psychopathological entity known as early childhood psychosis has been recognized as a clinical disorder for many years, considerable disagreement remains regarding its etiology, the details of its symptomatology, and optimal treatment methods. A body of data is available to us from a 10-year project with 10 psychotic children, ranging in age from 13 months to 3 3/4 years when treatment was begun with them and their parents. Analysis of these data some five years after the termination of the project provides insights into the nature of the illness and effectiveness of treatment methods. PMID- 6526374 TI - Empathy training for beginning therapists. PMID- 6526375 TI - Empathy from the perspective of the student therapist. PMID- 6526376 TI - Empathy in the self/selfobject dyad. PMID- 6526377 TI - Forms, difficulties, and tests of empathy. PMID- 6526378 TI - Re-evaluation of high incidence of Hodgkin's disease in Kyushu, Japan. AB - In order to reevaluate the high mortality from Hodgkin's disease (HD) in Kyushu, Japan, the chronological changes of the geographical variation of HD were analysed. The age-adjusted death rates (AADRs) for HD of the three periods 1969 71, 1974-76, and 1979-81 were calculated for each prefecture and 128 cases of HD in 1969-72 were re-examined to evaluate the difference in the diagnostic criteria of HD among these periods. AADRs for HD in Kagoshima Prefecture, which had the highest mortality from HD in Japan in the early period, has decreased drastically and the mortality from HD in Kyushu has not been high in the most recent period. The main reasons for the decreased mortality from HD in Kyushu may be as follows: (1) HD has been more strictly diagnosed by histopathological criteria in recent years; (2) adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) which is prevalent in Kyushu and has similar histopathological features to those of HD may have been diagnosed as HD in the past when the concept of ATLL did not exist. Therefore, it is suggested that the mortality from HD in Kyushu has been essentially the same as for other areas in Japan even in the past. PMID- 6526379 TI - The primary structure of monomeric beta-lactoglobulin I from horse colostrum (Equus caballus, Perissodactyla). AB - beta-Lactoglobulin-like proteins were detected in horse colostrum and normal milk using immunological techniques. In contrast to the beta-lactoglobulins sequenced so far these proteins are monomeric and genetically not homogenous. In this paper we report the first primary structure of a monomeric beta-lactoglobulin from horse colostrum. By means of an automatic liquid-phase sequenator the sequence of peptides obtained by tryptic digestion and by cyanogen bromide cleavage was determined. A limited tryptic digestion and hydrolysis with chymotrypsin provided the necessary overlapping peptides. The horse beta-lactoglobulin I consists of 162 amino acids, among these four cysteine, six methionine residues and one tryptophan residue. Homologous comparison with bovine beta-lactoglobulin A shows an unexpectedly great difference of 72 amino acids (or 44%). Thirteen of these exchanges are explained as two-point mutations. We found that the free thiol group, localized at position 121 or in equal amounts at positions 119 and 121 in bovine beta-lactoglobulin, is absent in beta-lactoglobulin I from horse colostrum. In position 121 a tyrosine substitution for cysteine was found. The amino-acid exchanges of the horse beta-lactoglobulin I as compared to the other beta-lactoglobulins are discussed. PMID- 6526380 TI - Glucose 6-phosphate formation by L-type pentose phosphate pathway reactions of rat liver in vitro: further evidence. AB - An investigation of the mechanism in vitro of the non-oxidative segment of the pentose phosphate pathway using [5-14C]ribose 5-phosphate as a prediction labelling substrate with rat liver enzyme preparation is reported. Glucose 6 phosphate formed during the initial 0.5 h of reaction was heavily labelled in C-1 and thus is consistent with the prediction of the liver (L)-type pentose phosphate pathway (theoretically C-1/C-6 = 0.5). The reaction sequences of the fat (F-) type pentose phosphate pathway exclusively confine 14C to C-6 of glucose 6-phosphate. The presence of L-type reactions was further affirmed by the formation of D-arabinose 5-phosphate and D-glycero-D-ido-octulose phosphate which were identified and measured during the initial 2 h of incubation using gas liquid chromatography. After 3 h the concentration of 14C in C-1 of glucose 6 phosphate gradually declined and by 17 h of incubation the ratio of 14C in C-1/C 6 was 0.1. Possible reasons for the late changes in 14C-isotope distributions towards a pattern consistent with a contribution of F-type pentose phosphate pathway are given. PMID- 6526381 TI - Metabolism of sialic acids from exogenously administered sialyllactose and mucin in mouse and rat. AB - A mixture of N-acetyl-[4,5,6,7,8,9-14C]neuraminosyl-alpha (2-3(6]-galactosyl-beta (1-4-glucose[( 14C]sialyl-lactose) and N-acetylneuraminosyl-alpha (2-3(6] galactosyl-beta(1-4)-glucit-1-[3H]ol(sialyl-[3H]lactitol) as well as porcine submandibular gland mucin labeled with N-acetyl- and N-glycoloyl-[9 (3)H]neuraminic acid were administered orally to mice. The distribution of the different isotopes was followed in blood, tissues and excretion products of the animals. One half of the [14C]sialyl-lactose/sialyl-[3H]lactitol mixture given orally was excreted unchanged in the urine. The other half was hydrolysed by sialidase and partly metabolized further, followed by the excretion of 30% of the 14C-radioactivity as free N-acetyl-[4,5,6,7,8,9-14C]neuraminic acid and 60% of this radioactivity in the form of non-anionic compounds including expired 14CO2 within 24 h. The 14C-radioactivity derived from the [14C]sialyl-lactose/sialyl [3H]lactitol mixture which remained in the bodies of fasted mice after 24 h was less than 1%. In the case of well-fed mice, a higher amount of the sialic acid residues was metabolized. The bulk of radioactivity of the mucin was resorbed within 24 h. About 40% of the radioactivity administered was excreted by the urine within 48 h; 30% of this radioactivity represented sialic acid and 70% other anionic and non-anionic metabolic products. 60% of the radioactivity administered remained in the body, and bound 3H-labeled sialic acids were isolated from liver. Sialyl-alpha (2-3)-[3H]lactitol was injected intravenously into rats; the substance was rapidly excreted in the urine without decomposition. These studies show that part of the sialic acids bound to oligosaccharides and glycoproteins can be hydrolysed in intestine by sialidase and be resorbed. This is followed either by excretion as free sialic acid or by metabolization at variable degrees, which apparently depends on the compound fed and on the retention time in the digestive tract. PMID- 6526382 TI - Slow migrating proteinase inhibitors in human urine. AB - By means of a sensitive electrophoretic technique for the detection of proteinase inhibitors three slowly migrating proteinase inhibitors (SMPI) were discovered in some samples of pathological urine. SMPI 1 migrated in the beta 2-zone whereas SMPI 2 and SMPI 3 appeared in the anodal and cathodal gamma-zone, respectively. Only SMPI 1 and 2 were examined in detail. These were found to inhibit tryptic and elastolytic digestion, but not chymotryptic or plasminolytic digestion of casein. Immunological investigations revealed no similarity to normally occurring proteinase inhibitors in serum and urine. The SMPIs from one sample of urine were partially purified by DEAE-Sephadex ion exchange chromatography, followed by gel filtration on Sephacryl superfine 200. This procedure did not separate the two inhibitors. The molecular masses were estimated to be 25 000 Da by gel filtration, and 23000-26500 Da by SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. PMID- 6526383 TI - [Inhibition of acetylcholinesterase using fluorescence-labeled inhibitors]. AB - The inhibition of acetylcholinesterase with fluorophores type II and III linked with the OH-selective fluorophosphonoyl groups is kinetically investigated by comparing the changes in activity and fluorescence. The hydrolysis of the fluorescent phosphonoylfluorides 1 and 4 to 7 in aqueous buffer solutions does not interfere with the inhibition kinetics. The inhibition constants of the investigated compounds are unexpectedly high (10(6) to 10(8) S-1M-1). They increase with increasing spacer length, but arrive at an optimal value with four methylene groups in the inhibitor 6. The fluorescence is quenched by the interaction of 6 and acetylcholinesterase. This fact can be used for the determination of acetylcholinesterase by fluorescence titration (Fig. 9). Fluorescence once more increases slowly during the aging process, leading to the degradation products 9, 11 and 12. In acetylcholinesterase inhibited by 1, a sensitized fluorescence is observed, produced by tryptophane intrinsically linked to the esterase. In the presence of quaternary ammonium salts like acetylcholine chloride or gallamine triethochloride 15, the decrease of fluorescence is lower. Acetylcholinesterase inhibited in this way is reactivated quantitatively by toxogonine. No reactivation is possible with acetylcholinesterase inhibited in the absence of the above mentioned quaternary ammonium salts. As a result of the investigation using fluorescent inhibitors the conclusion can be drawn that not only the active site of acetylcholinesterase is blocked by phosphonoylation. The conformation too seems to be influenced by interactions of the inhibitors with the hydrophobic areas of the enzyme. PMID- 6526385 TI - Primary gastric lymphoma--a tumour of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue. A histological and immunohistochemical study of 36 cases. AB - A series of 36 cases of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the stomach have been analysed using routine histological techniques and immunohistochemistry. All cases were categorized as follicle centre cell lymphomas. Apart from two cases who had nodal lymphomas followed by gastric lymphomas, all cases appeared to represent primary lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue. It is proposed that the morphology and behaviour of these tumours reflect their origin from gut-associated lymphoid tissue. Physiologically well-differentiated examples show monotypic plasmacytic differentiation. Infiltration of gastric glands by follicle centre cells forming characteristic lympho-epithelial lesions is, we believe, a pathognomonic feature of primary gastric lymphoma. The spread of these tumours is within the mucosa associated lymphoid tissues involving, in particular, the nasopharynx and lung but seldom spreading to peripheral lymph nodes or bone marrow. This concept of gastric lymphomas as primary neoplasms of gut-associated lymphoid tissue has important implications with respect to the investigation and treatment of this disease. PMID- 6526384 TI - [The primary structure of human free secretory component and the arrangement of disulfide bonds]. AB - The amino-acid sequence and the arrangement of the disulfide bonds of the human free secretory component were completely elucidated by the methods of protein chemistry. The free secretory component is a monomeric glycoprotein (Mr approximately 86000), consisting of 558 amino acids with 7 carbohydrate chains bound to asparagine. The protein contains 20 cysteine residues but, as a special feature, no methionine. The polypeptide chain is divided into five regions of internal homology, 104 to 114 amino acids in length. The 20 cysteine residues form 10 disulfide bonds, 9 of which confirm the internal homology by their characteristic arrangement. The free secretory component also shows homology to immunoglobulins in some sections. A computer-supported tertiary structure is proposed for the free secretory component. PMID- 6526386 TI - Neurone specific enolase and S100 protein as possible prognostic indicators in melanoma. AB - Fourteen cases of primary melanoma and 25 of their subsequent metastases were stained for Neurone Specific Enolase (NSE) and S100 protein. Intensity of staining for NSE and S100 protein broadly corresponded in 11 of the primary lesions and was disparate in three. Staining intensity for NSE or S100 was independent of tumour thickness. Primary lesions showing marked or moderate staining for NSE and S100 protein took a shorter time to metastasize than those showing slight or no staining. Assessment of staining intensity for NSE and S100 thus identified prognostic categories corresponding to disease free interval obtained by division according to tumour thickness. Staining intensity for S100 protein appears to give a clearer indication as to expectation of disease free interval. Staining intensity in individual cases showed an increase both for NSE and S100 protein between primary and metastatic lesions. The data presented are not sufficient to assign statistical significance but may lead to the incorporation of functional studies into the pathological assessment of malignant melanocytic lesions. The simultaneous occurrence of a functional neuronal and Schwann cell marker in melanoma is discussed. PMID- 6526387 TI - Oncocytoma of the stomach: a case report. AB - An example of an oncocytoma in the wall of the stomach is reported. The diagnosis was made following ultrastructural studies and must be considered in the differential diagnosis of gastric tumours and especially of atypical leiomyomas and granular cell tumours. PMID- 6526388 TI - Unusual malignant neuroectodermal tumours of the ovary--case report and literature review. AB - A malignant tumour of ovary incorporating neuroectodermal and mesenchymal elements is presented together with a review of the recent literature. Comparison is made with analogous neoplasia known to arise at other sites. The possible histogenesis and management are discussed. PMID- 6526389 TI - Isobutyl-2-cyanoacrylate pulmonary emboli associated with occlusive embolotherapy of cerebral arteriovenous malformations. AB - Three patients had cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVM) treated by occlusive embolotherapy using isobutyl-2-cyanoacrylate (IBC). At necropsy two had asymptomatic IBC pulmonary emboli. The numbers of emboli and the size of pulmonary vessels occluded correlated roughly with an increasing frequency and volume of injectate made in the cerebral tissue. The extent of pulmonary vascular occlusion in one case suggests that pulmonary vascular hypertension could develop as a complication of this form of treatment. PMID- 6526390 TI - Autofluorescent granular cells in odontogenic cysts. AB - Three odontogenic cysts, two of dentigerous and one of dental type, are reported in which large numbers of cells containing autofluorescent granules were present, in both the capsule and cyst lining. Histochemical and electron microscopical studies suggest that the granules are composed of lipofuscin. Examination of 30 examples each of dental cysts, dentigerous cysts and odontogenic keratocysts indicated that the prevalence of occasional cells of similar appearance was about 40%, 50% and 17% respectively. The pathogenesis of these cells is discussed. PMID- 6526391 TI - Heterogeneous IgA glomerulonephropathy in liver cirrhosis. AB - Kidney and liver sections were obtained from 75 consecutive autopsy cases with liver cirrhosis discovered at post-mortem. Mesangial IgA as the predominant immunoglobulin was found in 36% (27) cases, with accompanying IgM in 10, and IgG in three subjects. IgA deposits occurred more frequently in micronodular cirrhosis than in macronodular and mixed types. There was no direct correlation with alcoholism or HBs antigen-orcein positivity in livers. The IgA antigen antibody complexes formed against infectious and/or dietary antigens may bypass the liver phagocytic system via collateral shunts and cause the mesangial IgA deposits. IgA-bearing plasma cells in the liver (80%) may also contribute to the deposits. In cases of liver cirrhosis, there was a variable glomerular morphology including normal appearance by light microscopy (32%), minor changes (38.7%), diffuse mesangial sclerosis (12%), diffuse mesangial cell proliferation, and infrequently membranous and diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis with a 'lobular pattern'. Five (6.7%) cases showed focal and segmental mesangiolysis with glomerular aneurysms, probably caused by toxic and/or infective agents bypassing the liver reticuloendothelial phagocytic system and acting on the mesangium to cause rupture of anchor points and formation of capillary aneurysms. The cirrhotic glomerulonephropathy was usually clinically latent, but two biopsy cases with mesangiocapillary glomerulonephritis had developed a nephrotic syndrome. PMID- 6526392 TI - Benign endometrioid tumours of the ovary and the Mullerian concept of ovarian epithelial tumours. AB - The difficulties of a consistent Mullerian interpretation of the epithelial ovarian tumours include their inconstant hormonal responsiveness, the doubtful nature of the clear cell tumour and the apparent rarity of benign endometrioid forms. The reported frequency figures for the different types of endometrioid tumour suggest that their nature is made evident by proliferation. The appearance of indolent forms is explored by a study of inactive neoplastic areas associated with endometrioid carcinomas, or with proliferating endometrioid tumours or arising in endometriosis. These jointly suggest that most such tumours are identical with inactive 'serous' adenofibromas of glandular pattern and have senile endometrium as their prototype. Increasing proliferation develops more overt endometrioid forms which, if luxuriant, may be associated with corpus carcinoma. The endometrium of pregnancy is probably the prototype of the clear cell tumour, with a corresponding range of cell types. There is tenuous evidence that tumours may respond to steroid hormones if they arise in endometriosis and a difficulty of deducing such an origin is noted. The term 'serous' may be generic and comprise several different tissue types. PMID- 6526393 TI - Principles of S-C-R compatibility with spatial and verbal tasks: the role of display-control location and voice-interactive display-control interfacing. PMID- 6526394 TI - Pilot errors as a source of workload. PMID- 6526395 TI - Long-term behavior of 239Pu, 241Am and 233U in different bones of one-year-old rats: macrodistribution and macrodosimetry. AB - Female and male rats of the Sprague-Dawley strain, aged about 13 months, were injected intravenously with monomeric 239Pu-(30.7 kBq/kg), 241Am-(54.8 kBq/kg) or 233U-citrate (56.6 kBq/kg) and killed between 7 and 540 days after injection. In both sexes the wet skeletal weight was proportional to body weight; however, the skeletal weight of female rats remained constant, whereas the skeletal weight, and body weight, of male rats increased as a function of age. The initial skeletal deposition decreased in the order 239Pu greater than 241Am greater than 233U and for americium and uranium was greater in male rats. The 'half-time' of retention of plutonium and americium was considerably greater than 1 year but the corresponding values for uranium were 140 (females) and 80 (males) days. The relative concentration of the radionuclides in the skeleton varied between 0.2 and 2.0, the variation was greatest for plutonium and lowest for americium and decreased with increasing time after injection. For calculation of the nuclide content of the whole skeleton the most suitable reference bone was found to be the humerus in the case of uranium, and the femur and humerus for plutonium and americium. The cumulative mean skeletal absorbed radiation dose 1 year after injection decreased in the order 239Pu greater than 241 Am greater than 233U; for plutonium it was equal for both sexes, whereas for americium and uranium it was 1.5 times higher in male than in females rats. In the individual bones the cumulative dose was greatest in the vertebral column, except the tail, and lowest in the paws. PMID- 6526396 TI - Urinary metabolic profile of isoniazid in patients who develop isoniazid-related liver damage. AB - The urinary metabolite profile of isoniazid has been studied in patients receiving the drug as therapy for tuberculosis and the profile in patients suffering liver damage due to isoniazid compared with that in control patients. There were no consistent differences between control patients and those suffering liver damage in the excretion of isoniazid metabolites. It may be that susceptibility to the hepatotoxicity of isoniazid is not due to metabolic differences, although a number of other possible explanations are discussed. It is not at present possible to predict which patients will be susceptible from metabolic studies. PMID- 6526397 TI - Resin haemoperfusion in levomepromazine poisoning: evaluation of effect on plasma drug and metabolite levels. AB - Plasma levels of levomepromazine and two of its major metabolites N-desmethyl levomepromazine and levomepromazine sulphoxide were studied in two poisoned patients treated with resin haemoperfusion at a constant blood flow of 200 ml/min. The mean haemoperfusion clearance of levomepromazine, N-desmethyl levomepromazine and levomepromazine sulphoxide was 114, 123 and 151 ml/min, respectively, in patient no. 1, and 153, 148 and 184 ml/min, respectively, in patient no. 2. Patient no. 2 had also ingested amitriptyline, and the mean haemoperfusion clearance of amitriptyline and its metabolite nortriptyline was 183 and 183 ml/min respectively. Haemoperfusion did not seem to alter the elimination profile of levomepromazine or the two metabolites in either patient. We conclude that haemoperfusion is of little value in removing levomepromazine, N desmethyl-levomepromazine or levomepromazine sulphoxide from the body. This is probably due to the large apparent volume of distribution and the high intrinsic hepatic metabolic clearance of these compounds. PMID- 6526398 TI - Cyanotic crises in a breast-fed infant from mother taking dipyrone. AB - Cyanotic crises occurred in a breast-fed infant whose mother was under treatment with dipyrone for a sore throat. No abnormalities were found at physical and routine laboratory examinations. Dipyrone concentrations in mother's serum and milk and in infant's serum and urine were 3.3, 4.3 and 3.2, 3.74 micrograms/ml respectively. It is concluded that the adverse effect could be due to dipyrone ingested with mother's milk. PMID- 6526399 TI - Unsuspected caffeine toxicity complicating theophylline therapy. AB - A 58-year-old man with a history of alcoholic liver disease and chronic airflow obstruction presented with heart failure and acute bronchitis. Plasma methylxanthines were estimated as a guide to further theophylline therapy and serious caffeine accumulation was noted in the presence of a subtherapeutic concentration of theophylline. After 3 weeks on a caffeine-free diet theophylline and caffeine challenge tests were performed which demonstrated the ease with which caffeine could accumulate. The importance of caffeine accumulation during theophylline therapy is discussed. PMID- 6526400 TI - Accidental poisoning with deadly nightshade berries: a case report. AB - A case of acute accidental poisoning with deadly nightshade (Atropa belladonna) berries is reported. The patient was an elderly but healthy man who soon recovered. On the one hand, the clinical picture looked similar to that of delirium tremens; on the other, there were myoclonic jerks and signs of extrapyramidal involvement to suggest the onset of subacute dementia. The electroencephalogram findings confirmed those already reported during experimentally induced intoxication after ingestion of atropine in man. PMID- 6526402 TI - A monoclonal antibody specific for the carboxy-terminus of angiotensin II. AB - A monoclonal antibody specific for the carboxy-terminus of angiotensin II was produced from the somatic cell fusion between SP2/0 myeloma cells and spleen cells from CAF/J mice immunized with angiotensin II selectively coupled to thyroglobulin. The subcloned line D5-7R2 was augmented in the ascites form and shown to be specific for angiotensin II (octapeptide) and shorter angiotensin peptides. This antibody, however, did not cross-react with angiotensin I (decapeptide). This selectivity will be important in clinical assays that measure angiotensin II in the presence of angiotensin I. PMID- 6526401 TI - Fatal self-poisoning with benoxaprofen. AB - A report of the first fatal self-poisoning due to primary toxicity of benoxaprofen. Benoxaprofen is toxic in acute overdosage to the central nervous system, myocardium and kidneys, but appears to spare the liver. PMID- 6526403 TI - Single shot intrasplenic immunization: an advantageous procedure for production of monoclonal antibodies specific for human fibrin fragments. AB - We describe the use of the single shot intrasplenic immunization technique as a particularly effective procedure for the production of specific monoclonal antibodies against a high molecular weight antigen. We found that with this technique several different, completely specific monoclonal antibodies could be produced against high molecular weight crosslinked fibrin degradation products. These results contrasted with those obtained using conventional multidose immunization, which only produced monoclonal antibodies that were cross-reactive with fibrinogen and/or noncrosslinked fibrin degradation products. PMID- 6526404 TI - Impacts of the technological revolution on health care. PMID- 6526405 TI - The emerging field of clinical engineering and its accomplishments. PMID- 6526406 TI - Electroglottography for laryngeal function assessment and speech analysis. PMID- 6526407 TI - Quantitative formulations of electrophysiological sources of potential fields in volume conductors. PMID- 6526408 TI - Enzymatic degradation and circular dichroism of deoxyguanosine oligonucleotides. PMID- 6526409 TI - Metal binding capacities of some coumarin and indanedione drugs. PMID- 6526410 TI - Starch phosphorylase from tapioca (Manihot utilissima) tuber: isolation and some physico-chemical properties. PMID- 6526411 TI - Influence of zinc deficiency on levels of superoxide dismutase, catalase and lipid peroxidation in rice and pearl millet. PMID- 6526412 TI - Fatty acid synthesizing capacity of mammary gland in relation to plasma hormone levels at different stages of pregnancy and lactation in goats. PMID- 6526413 TI - Correlation of a bond reactivity index with carcinogenicity and metabolic activation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. PMID- 6526414 TI - Electron distribution and electronic index as function of correlation between molecular regions and carcinogenic activity of methylbenz[a]anthracenes. PMID- 6526415 TI - Stabilizing effect of 1,10-orthophenanthroline on carboxypeptidase A from buffalo pancreas. PMID- 6526416 TI - Catabolism of ascorbic acid in prostate of rat and goat. PMID- 6526417 TI - Lipid-protein interaction causing denaturation of frozen rohu myofibrillar proteins--probable role of cryoprotective agents. PMID- 6526418 TI - Purification of porcine pancreatic phospholipase A2 using affinity chromatography. PMID- 6526419 TI - Effect of Ca2+ on the action of cobra (Naja naja oxiana Eichwald) venom components on mitochondrial enzyme systems. PMID- 6526420 TI - Lymphocyte homing in mice: lack of significant alteration when H-2 antigen expression is moderately modified. AB - The part played by MHC antigens on lymphocyte homing has been investigated by inducing modifications of their expression on lymphoid cells. A significant, though moderate, enhancement of H-2 antigen expression has been observed following in vitro treatment of lymphocytes with alpha-IFN. A decrease has been obtained after in vivo treatment of mice with chloramphenicol. These rather moderate alterations of H-2 density (ca. 20-30%, as determined by cytofluorometry) did not induced changes of lymphocyte capacity to home into the different lymphoid organs. PMID- 6526421 TI - Chemiluminescence of macrophages depends upon their differentiation stage: dissociation between phagocytosis and oxygen radical release. AB - The in vitro differentiation and maturation of resident and activated mouse and human macrophages (M phi) from different anatomical sources was investigated with regard to their oxygen metabolism during zymosan phagocytosis. We found evidence that chemiluminescence (CL) of M phi depends upon their differentiation stage: a) In the absence of any phagocytic stimulus, the human M phi showed a lucigenin dependent CL background that was approximately 10-fold higher than in mouse M phi and decreased to low levels in resident M phi (monocyte-derived human M phi). This background was reduced by SOD to about 50%. No relevant luminol-dependent background was observed in all mouse and human M phi during culture time. b) Resident and activated mouse and human M phi could be distinguished in terms of their lucigenin-dependent CL during zymosan phagocytosis, which was persistently high in activated M phi, but decreased to comparatively low levels in resident M phi during culture time. This zymosan-elicited CL was almost completely SOD dependent during all culture time. c) A dissociation between phagocytosis and oxygen radical release is observed: the decrease of both minolul and lucigenin dependent CL in resident phagocytizing M phi during maturation did not correspond to a decrease of their phagocytic activity. Phagocytosis occurred at a high rate also in the absence of a relevant CL-detectable generation of oxygen radicals. The oxygen radical release, as measured by SOD-inhibitable cytochrome c reduction, paralleled CL during zymosan phagocytosis and declined with maturation of monocytes into M phi. In contrast, the zymosan-induced nitro-blue-tetrazolium reduction increased in mature resident human M phi. Thus, it seems that different metabolic pathways are utilized during phagocytosis in young and mature M phi. PMID- 6526422 TI - The use of three baseline values in intervention studies: application to evaluation of immune modulation therapies. AB - In studying the effects of a treatment intervention on immunological parameters, we have found that three baseline values are a practical number to obtain on each patient. Three baseline values 1) increase the chances of detecting a statistically significant effect of the intervention, 2) provide an assessment of the daily variability of the assay and patients, and 3) enable the identification of individual patients who demonstrate significant changes associated with the intervention. PMID- 6526423 TI - Evidence against a role for neutrophils in the clearance of small immune complexes. AB - The activation of human neutrophils (PMN) by immune complexes (IC) consisting of tetanus toxoid and the corresponding human antibodies was studied by varying IC properties like size, antigen: antibody ratio, Fc density, etc. While Ag: ab ratio seemed to have some importance, especially when complement activation was allowed, size appeared to be the decisive factor. Surprisingly, good stimulation of PMN was obtained only with very large IC and no plateau was reached with increasing size. PMN activation even by these very large complexes was inhibited in the presence of physiological IgG concentrations, but only if complement was omitted. Generation of IC in the presence of serum, on the other hand, prevented the formation of IC sufficiently large for PMN activation. Finally, in an IC clearance experiment in mice using 125I-labelled human serum albumin and mouse antibody, no radioactivity was found associated with blood PMN in spite of a rapid clearance. It is concluded that PMN are probably not involved in the physiological clearance of IC if these are considerably smaller than opsonized microorganisms. PMID- 6526424 TI - Complement activation according to the alternate pathway by glass and plastic surfaces and its role in neutrophil adhesion. AB - C3-deposition, generated by complement activation according to the alternate pathway, was detected on borosilicate glass slides and polystyrene Petri dishes. The C3-depositions grew peripherally until the entire surface was covered. The deposits were also visualized with scanning electron microscopy and could not be washed away with low-pH (3.5) or high-pH (9.6) buffers. No consumption of complement function was detected indicating a phenomenon restricted to the glass and plastic surfaces. The C3-deposits could mediate an adherence of human neutrophils. PMID- 6526425 TI - Adenosine deaminase activity in lymphocyte subpopulations of B-16 melanoma and normal C57BL bearing mice. AB - The activity of adenosine deaminase (ADA) was measured in thymus and spleen subpopulations separated by peanut agglutinin (PNA) of melanoma B-16 C57BL bearing mice and normal age-matched C57BL mice. Groups of 10 mice were used each time and the experiments were repeated 6 times. The adenosine deaminase activity in the PNA+ thymocytes of B-16 bearing mice was about 2.5 times lower than that of the normal C57BL mice while the ADA activity in the PNA+ fraction of spleen of the B-16 melanoma bearing mice was 2.5 times higher. These results demonstrate that the tumor burden probably induces a different redistribution and traffic of lymphocytes from one lymphopoietic organ to another. This traffic can also explain the thymus involution and spleen enlargement found in the B-16 mice. PMID- 6526426 TI - Conformational changes induced by hapten in murine monoclonal antibodies to dinitrophenyl groups--the analysis by temperature-perturbation spectroscopy. AB - Two samples of murine monoclonal antibodies to dinitrophenyl groups were studied by difference thermal perturbation spectroscopy with particular attention to changes in the amount of perturbed chromophores induced in antibodies as a result of hapten binding (epsilon-2,4-dinitrophenyl-L-lysine). Despite the fact that both antibody samples belong to immunoglobulin G1 and have the same type of light chain, kappa, they were found to differ significantly in the number of the chromophores perturbed by temperature. The binding of hapten decreases the perturbation of chromophores only in the sample with the less rigid structure, as regards thermal perturbation. These data provide evidence that differences in the rigidity of the structure of variable domains affect the extent of conformational changes induced in the antibodies due to the interaction with an antigen. PMID- 6526428 TI - Evaluation of use of iontophoresis in the treatment of hyperhidrosis. PMID- 6526429 TI - Palmar dermatoglyphics in genodermatoses studied in a skin clinic. PMID- 6526427 TI - Pattern of leprosy in dermatology outpatient clinic of a university hospital. PMID- 6526430 TI - Clinical and biochemical studies on eczema in infants and children with particular reference to associated malnutrition. PMID- 6526431 TI - Relation of herpes zoster with lepromatous leprosy (report of two cases). PMID- 6526432 TI - Leprosy: a need for multidisciplinary approach. PMID- 6526433 TI - Cell mediated immune response in intestinal tuberculosis. PMID- 6526434 TI - Immunological studies on patients with acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis. PMID- 6526435 TI - Detection of auto-antibodies to zona pellucida in human sera. PMID- 6526436 TI - Neonatal thyroid status in iodine deficient environments of the sub-Himalayan region. PMID- 6526437 TI - Central nervous system in leukaemia. PMID- 6526438 TI - Immune alteration following splenectomy in adults. PMID- 6526439 TI - Evaluation of cytologic diagnosis in bladder neoplasms. PMID- 6526440 TI - Prevalence of abnormal haemoglobin, thalassaemia & G-6 PD deficiency among the hospital population of Udaipur (Rajasthan). PMID- 6526441 TI - Antidotal measures against poisoning with trichlorfon (organophosphorous pesticide) in dogs. PMID- 6526442 TI - Effect of cardiac arrhythmias & antiarrhythmic drugs on myocardial acetylcholinesterase in the cat. PMID- 6526443 TI - Comparison of different criteria for measurement of obesity in a community. PMID- 6526444 TI - Antifertility activity of a traditional contraceptive pill comprising Acacia catechu, A. arabica & Tragia involucerta. PMID- 6526445 TI - Rapid diagnosis of Haemophilus influenzae meningitis by a latex agglutination technique. PMID- 6526446 TI - Stool pH and sugar in preterm neonates. PMID- 6526447 TI - Olfactory reflexes in newborn infants. PMID- 6526448 TI - Profile of anganwadi workers and their knowledge about ICDS. PMID- 6526449 TI - An experience with measles vaccine. PMID- 6526450 TI - Systolic time intervals in anemic children with or without congestive heart failure. PMID- 6526451 TI - Neonatal poliomyelitis. PMID- 6526452 TI - Basal energy metabolism in goitrous and nongoitrous children. PMID- 6526453 TI - Mental development and iron deficiency states. PMID- 6526455 TI - Familial translocation leading to partial trisomy 13: report of three cases. PMID- 6526454 TI - Maternal nutrition and fetal growth. PMID- 6526456 TI - Childhood trichobezoars. PMID- 6526457 TI - Choanal atresia: a report of 3 cases. PMID- 6526459 TI - Management of eyelid lymphoma (radiotherapeutic concept). PMID- 6526458 TI - Virilizing adrenocortical carcinoma with Cushing's syndrome in a 14 months old child. PMID- 6526460 TI - Lymphoma of choroid (a case report). PMID- 6526461 TI - Hypersecretion glaucoma. PMID- 6526462 TI - Keratectomy in Terriens marginal degeneration (a case report). PMID- 6526463 TI - Molluscum contagiosum (in conjunctiva). PMID- 6526464 TI - Therapy of herpes keratitis. PMID- 6526465 TI - Ocular involvement from leprosy. PMID- 6526466 TI - Gonio-punch in glaucoma. PMID- 6526467 TI - Subscleral goniotrepanation in primary glaucoma. PMID- 6526469 TI - Cyclocryotherapy in absolute glaucoma. PMID- 6526468 TI - Trepano-trabeculectomy (a combined operation for glaucoma). PMID- 6526470 TI - Influence of birth rank and parental age on congenital and colobomatous defects (a clinical investigation). PMID- 6526471 TI - Amplitude of accommodation in different age groups and age of on set of presbyopia in Bengalee population. PMID- 6526472 TI - Serum lipoprotein cholesterol profile in diabetic retinopathy. PMID- 6526473 TI - Surgical treatment of lid retraction. PMID- 6526474 TI - Conjunctival dysplasia (a case report). PMID- 6526476 TI - Zoonosis as a national problem and its control. PMID- 6526475 TI - Keratoma malignum, a skin disorder with ocular lesions. PMID- 6526477 TI - Presidential address: 28th annual conference of the Indian Public Health Association 1984. PMID- 6526478 TI - Dr. B. C. Dasgupta memorial oration. PMID- 6526479 TI - Abstracts of papers presented at the scientific sessions and symposium in the XXVIII annual conference of the Indian Public Health Association. Izatnagar, 10 12 February 1984. PMID- 6526480 TI - Anemia in pregnancy. PMID- 6526481 TI - Hematological profile of babies of anemic mothers--I. PMID- 6526482 TI - Serum iron in babies of anemic mothers--II. PMID- 6526483 TI - Effects of hematinic and protein supplementation on the feto-placental unit in maternal anemia. PMID- 6526484 TI - Telemedicine--a feasibility experiment for national application. PMID- 6526485 TI - Health and nutritional status of rural primary school children. PMID- 6526486 TI - Pulmonary functions in normal children. PMID- 6526487 TI - Prognosis of tubercular meningitis. PMID- 6526488 TI - Sciatic neuropathy. PMID- 6526489 TI - Merthiolate iodine formaldehyde test for detection of intestinal parasites. PMID- 6526490 TI - Assessment of anganwadi workers. PMID- 6526491 TI - Idiopathic myelofibrosis. PMID- 6526492 TI - Sacrococcygeal fetus-in-fetu. PMID- 6526494 TI - Hereditary spherocytosis. PMID- 6526493 TI - Cranio-fascial tuberculosis. PMID- 6526495 TI - Pheochromocytoma. PMID- 6526496 TI - [Use of a new double lumen catheter within the scope of intensive care medicine]. AB - A new double-channelled catheter with one main canal lumen and an accessory small lumen and its different ranges of applications are discussed. Reactions of incompatibility and possible changes in efficacy between drugs and infusions can be provided with this new form of a central-vein-catheter. PMID- 6526497 TI - A modified D-xylose absorption test. AB - A modified D-xylose-test is described which enables intestinal absorption to be assessed independently of renal and hepatic function. The speed of appearance of the peak of D-xylose-concentration in plasma after an oral administrated dose and the extent of absorption in the small intestine as a time-function, were analysed by graphic-mathematical evaluation of the kinetics of plasma D-xylose concentration after oral and intravenous administration. Small intestinal functional integrity was assessed in 172 normal individuals (aged from 3 to 96 years), also in 9 patients with coeliac disease. The speed and the extent of D xylose absorption were significantly reduced in all cases of untreated coeliac disease and during relapse. There were no differences between normal individuals and treated patients. Experience over many years indicates that the modified D xylose-test is a simple, reliable and inexpensive standard method for detecting changes in intestinal absorption. PMID- 6526498 TI - [Neurotoxicity of chemical substances in the workplace. VI. Longitudinal study of persons occupationally exposed to mercury]. AB - A longitudinal study was performed on eleven persons, who had been chronically exposed to mercury (Hg) (3 to 31 years, median 5 years) in 1977, 1980 resp., and 1982. During their work in a chemical plant they had had contact to elemental Hg and various inorganic as well as organic mercury compounds. The main purpose of the investigation was the evaluation of possible adverse effects to the nervous system caused by mercury. The internal Hg-exposure was measured by mercury analysis in blood (Hg-B) and in urine (Hg-U). Furthermore "time-weighted average" levels were calculated on the basis of former Hg-determinations from 1974 to 1982. For Hg-B these values ranged between 26 and 104 microgram/dl (median 42 microgram/l) and for Hg-U between 73 and 434 microgram/g creatinine (median 233 microgram/g creatinine) (upper normal levels: Hg-B: 5 microgram/l; Hg-U: 5 microgram/g creatinine). The determination of the peripheral nerve conduction velocities (NLG) of motor and sensory fibers as well as the registration of somatosensory-evoked potentials (SEP) revealed no pathological results, except one borderline case. The NLG- and SEP-values did not significantly differ from those of non exposed persons or from those of former NLG-determinations. No correlations were found between indicators of Hg-exposure and neurophysiological parameters regarding dose-effect-relationship. Statistical differences resulted in the time-dependent test of the psychological test battery performed in comparison to age-matched control persons of equal socio-economous status. In additional, significant relationships were calculated between Hg-exposure and these tests. Considering the inter- and intraindividual variations of the psychological test results, there were no substantial alterations in the total findings over the observed period except for one case. Workers with Hg-exposure below the current BAT-values (Hg-B 50 microgram/l, Hg-U 200 microgram/l) showed no pathological findings in the neurological, neurophysiological and neuropsychological examinations. PMID- 6526499 TI - n-Hexane urine elimination and weighted exposure concentration. AB - The concentration of n-hexane in urine was determined in 30 subjects occupationally exposed to n-hexane (median value 59.6 mg/m3) in a shoe factory. The measurement of the substance was performed by means of a Hewlett-Packard 5880 gas chromatograph supplied with a Hewlett-Packard 5970 Mass Selective Detector. The analyses were performed by the head space method (constant volume method, after determination of the urine partition coefficient by the multiple phase equilibration method). The authors found a significant correlation between the n hexane urine concentrations (microgram/l, Cu) and the n-hexane environmental concentrations (mg/m3, Ci) (r = 0.84; Cu = 0.0669 X Ci + 0.8396). PMID- 6526500 TI - Acute effects of shock-type vibration transmitted to the hand-arm system. AB - The aim of the project was to find out whether shock-type vibration of hand-tools compared to non-impulsive vibration has stronger acute effects on the hand-arm system and therefore needs a stricter evaluation from the occupational health point of view in comparison with the requirements of the Draft International Standard ISO-DIS 5349. Under laboratory conditions, subjects were exposed to simulated vibration of hand-tools (grinder, chain saw, hammer-drill, pneumatic hammer, rivet hammer and nailer). The following evaluation criteria were used: biomechanical transmissibility of the hand-arm system (wrist, elbow joint, shoulder joint); muscle-activity (m. flexor carpi ulnaris, m. biceps, m. triceps); peripheral circulation (skin temperature) and subjective perception (comparison of intensity of standard and test vibrations). The results show no significant difference in acute effects on the hand-arm system between impulsive and non-impulsive type vibrations of the hand-tools tested with respect to the chosen vibration level, short-time exposure (up to 8 min) and evaluation criteria. In summary, therefore, it may be concluded that for the evaluation of shock-type vibration of the hand-tools tested, it is justified to use the existing Draft International Standard ISO-DIS 5349. PMID- 6526501 TI - Urinary mandelic acid as an exposure test for ethylbenzene. AB - Absorption of ethylbenzene and excretion of mandelic acid were investigated under controlled conditions in six volunteers, exposed at concentrations of 18, 34, 80, and 200 mg/m3. Retention of ethylbenzene vapours in the lungs was 49 +/- 5%. Elimination of mandelic acid was found to be biphasic, with biological half-life values of 3.1 and 24.5 h. Total excreted mandelic acid accounts for 55 +/- 2% of retained ethylbenzene. The results obtained were applied to devise an exposure test for ethylbenzene, which would enable the precise evaluation of exposure at low ethylbenzene, vapour concentrations (+/- 13%). Exposures, carried out dermally, gave a rationale for the exclusion of the skin as a route of entry of ethylbenzene vapours into the body. PMID- 6526502 TI - The relationship between indoor nitrogen dioxide concentration levels and personal exposure: a pilot study. AB - A small, personal monitoring study was performed in a subpopulation (14 families) of a case-control study on the relationship between indoor nitrogen-dioxide exposure and respiratory diseases of schoolchildren. Mothers, schoolchildren and pre-schoolchildren were asked to carry duplicate Palmes diffusion tubes during one week. Simultaneously nitrogen-dioxide concentrations were measured in the kitchen, living room, bedroom, outdoors and--for a few participants--at school and at work. Information on time activity patterns was gathered by means of a self administered diary. Several models for estimating exposure were constructed and tested against measured exposure. The personal exposure of the participants could well be explained by models containing indoor concentrations. Models with time-weighted average concentrations did not explain personal exposure better than models containing indoor concentrations. A calculated time-weighted average exposure was found to underestimate measured personal exposure by an average 20%, probably because the average concentration in a location does not necessarily reflect the actual exposure in that location. Personal exposure of mothers and children was very similar and highly correlated, indicating that the personal exposure of the mother might be a reasonable estimate for the exposure of the child. PMID- 6526503 TI - Indoor nitrogen dioxide pollution and respiratory symptoms of schoolchildren. AB - The influence of indoor nitrogen-dioxide exposure on respiratory symptoms of schoolchildren was investigated in a case-control study. The election method used was useful in obtaining symptomatic children, but insufficient in defining cases and controls without additional information. No relationship between indoor NO2 and respiratory symptoms was found. Bias may have been present, especially because of the high mobility of the study population. Attempts to estimate historical exposure were inaccurate. Therefore the results do not exclude that an association between indoor NO2 and respiratory symptoms exists. PMID- 6526505 TI - Aging and information seeking: patterns in sampling of sucrose solutions. AB - This study intended to explore age-related strategies of information seeking and decision making, utilizing a content-free task. Better understanding of skills and motives of aged behavior might contribute to more effective intervention for their welfare. Young and old female participants were engaged in detecting the presence of sucrose in solutions of various concentrations. They also reported the number of samplings required for an affirmative or negative decision about each test solution. Compared to young people, the aged sampled more (repetitions) and had a higher detection threshold (intensity of stimulus), indicating higher requirements for information. It was assumed that the sampling curve would be bell-shaped and peak at the point of least certainty about the presence or absence of sucrose (probability of detection = 0.5). Such curve was observed only among the young females when the samplings across concentrations were pooled according to probability of detection. In the aged, the sampling curve was rather monotonic, indicating low utility and interchangeability of information resources. This was attributed to a preset sampling strategy, labeled as over resourcing, considering the higher baseline and low utility. The implications of such strategy to experimental procedures and every day life were discussed. PMID- 6526504 TI - Immunological and enzymatic studies of erythrocytic delta-aminolevulinate dehydratase. Comparison of results obtained in normal and lead-exposed subjects. AB - The delta-aminolevulinate dehydratase (ALA.D) quantitative assay on a centrifugal fast analyser showed that subjects whose blood-lead level varies between 30 and 75 micrograms/100 ml (1.5 to 3.75 microM/l) react to blood intoxication by synthesizing de novo an amount of enzyme correlating to blood-lead levels. At higher concentrations, the reactional synthesis occurs very rarely. These results suggest that enzyme is constitutive, but also inductible as soon as its substrate accumulates; this last ability may disappear at high blood-lead levels: a hypothesis is proposed thereafter. PMID- 6526506 TI - Predictors of retirement satisfaction: a path model. AB - Adjustment to retirement among 310 former industrial and service workers in Israel was examined by path analysis. The data indicated that respondents had come to terms with loss of work following retirement, and were enjoying their more relaxed lifestyle. The dominant variables in the path model were retirees' evaluations of and satisfaction with specific aspects of retirement: giving up work, activities with family and friends, rest and tranquility, and free time. Situational, biographical, and behavioral variables, except for educational level and subjective state of health, had a negligible effect on overall satisfaction with retirement. PMID- 6526507 TI - Stress, health, and mental health symptoms of older women and men. AB - The objectives of this inquiry were to examine Langner mental health symptomatology screening scores in a community-dwelling sample of older adults, and to explore relations between Langner scores, health, and stress. Older adults (N = 364), who were participants in a study of sex roles, were interviewed in their homes concerning mental health symptoms, health, recent life stress, sex role conflict, and demographic factors. Respondents reported relatively few symptoms. Symptoms were related to health and independent reports of nervousness and depression in both sexes, and to age in men, but not to stress and conflict in either sex. Mental health symptom screening devices may not mean the same thing for male and female older clients and should be used with caution until behavioral validation can be done. PMID- 6526508 TI - Social reconstruction variables and the morale of the aged. AB - Key variables from the Kuypers and Bengtson social reconstruction model were operationalized to investigate their relationship to selected measures of morale. They were incorporated in a questionnaire that was completed by 229 retired, noninstitutionalized men and women. Social reconstruction variables were found to have stronger correlations with morale measures than were demographic variables such as age and social class. Reconstruction variables were found to have significant relationships with measures of general happiness and self-esteem, but not with Form A of the Life Satisfaction Index. The interactive effect of social reconstruction variables with one another relative to morale was particularly indicative of the potential heuristic value of the model for both theory and practice. PMID- 6526509 TI - Family expenditures before and after retirement: a research model for measuring priorities. AB - Economic pressures of contemporary American society have had an impact on many families. This article focuses on how elderly, intact couples allocated their retirement dollars. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) family budget expense categories were used as a basis to develop expense categories. The couples were asked what changes, if any, they made in expenditures after retirement and if they would allocate their money differently if they were free to do so. Most of them had changed expenses after retirement. Some of their expenditures had increased rather than decreased in importance since retirement. Only two expenditure categories, food and transportation, were ranked the same as the BLS ranking by at least 30 percent of the couples. The empirical usefulness of the methodology reported in this paper was illustrated with a sample of elderly couples. However, it seems applicable not only for the elderly but also for families in all stages of the family life cycle. PMID- 6526510 TI - Continuing education in later adulthood: implications for program development for elderly guest students. AB - While more and more institutions of higher education are offering cost-free continuing education programs to older men and women, the enrollment of this target population is quite low. This study was conducted to identify factors that would positively influence the decisions of individuals over sixty years of age to participate in such programs. Sixty-five white predominantly upper middle class, highly educated (means = 16.92 years of schooling) women aged sixty years and over (means = 68.80) were given a questionnaire concerning attitudes toward continuing education. The majority (86%) indicated a high level of interest in taking geology, political science, world and art history, music, literature, and language courses. In addition, 85 percent preferred to participate in learning situations that included younger and older individuals; 58 percent reported interest in having a companion enroll with them; 48 percent preferred no specific learning environments (i.e., lecture, discussion, or workshop); and 75 percent reported that family members did not suggest that they enroll in continuing education classes. It is suggested that the high level of interest in taking courses offered by institutions of higher education displayed by the women surveyed is because of personal experience with university level education in young adulthood. PMID- 6526511 TI - Evidence for the prostatic origin of immunoreactive inhibin-like material in human seminal plasma. AB - Inhibin is defined as a gonadal peptide exerting an inhibitory effect on the secretion of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) by the pituitary. Using a radioimmunoassay (RIA) procedure developed for a homogeneous inhibin-like peptide with a molecular weight of 14 000 daltons isolated from human seminal plasma, immunoreactive inhibin-like matrial (ILM) was quantitated in serum, urine and semen of men in order to investigate its origin. Vasectomy did not result in a significant reduction in seminal plasma ILM. Determination of ILM immunoreactivity in ejaculates form normal men and semen samples characterized by prostate-rich and prostate-deficient secretions, indicated high levels of ILM in the prostatic secretions. Immunoreactive ILM levels estimated in different fractions of split ejaculates from normal men paralleled those of zinc and acid phosphatase activity and were significantly higher in fractions representing prostatic secretions compared to those representing the secretions of seminal vesicles. Estimation of ILM in semen, serum and urine from bilaterally gonadectomized men showed that immunoreactive ILM levels remained high after gonadectomy. It is concluded that the bulk of the immunoreactive ILM present in the semen, blood and urine of men is not secreted by the testes. The principal site of origin of this material, at least in semen, appears to be the prostate. PMID- 6526512 TI - Andrological aspects of testicular cancer. PMID- 6526513 TI - Carnitine and acetylcarnitine in motile and immotile human spermatozoa. AB - Human sperm were found to contain acetylcarnitine, carnitine, and only traces of propionylcarnitine and four-carbon acylcarnitines. Carnitine and acetylcarnitine were present in higher concentrations in sperm than in the corresponding seminal fluid samples, and the degree of acylation of carnitine was greater in sperm than in seminal plasma. The ratio of acetylcarnitine/carnitine was 1.77 +/- 0.69 in extracts of sperm from samples with a low degree of motility (0-10% motile), whereas it was 4.70 +/- 1.58 in samples which were 40-80% motile. The possible significance of this difference with regard to the degree of acylation of coenzyme A is discussed. PMID- 6526514 TI - Association between infertility following reversal of vasectomy and the presence of sperm agglutinating activity in semen. AB - A statistically significant association between infertility, following reversal of vasectomy, and the presence of sperm agglutinating activity in post-operative semen samples has been demonstrated in a retrospective study. Sperm agglutinating activity was measured using a microtitration assay, and the number of positive samples rose from 3/78 (4%) pre-operatively, to 34/134 (25%) post-operatively. High titres (greater than or equal to 1:32) of agglutinating activity were observed only when viable sperm were present in the ejaculate. Positive semen titres were obtained only when parallel serum samples were positive at titres of greater than or equal to 1:256. Conception only occurred in the partner of one man whose seminal plasma contained agglutinating activity, but 22/34 (65%) of the men whose semen lacked such activity were fertile. PMID- 6526515 TI - Two-dimensional electrophoresis of proteins in various fractions of the human split ejaculate. AB - Two-dimensional electrophoresis of six fractions of split ejaculates from normal men (median age 23 years, n = 6) revealed large differences in the pattern of proteins found between the prostate-enriched fractions and secretions associated with the seminal vesicles. The glandular contributions were assessed using the concentrations of spermine, zinc and prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) for prostatic secretion, and fructose and prostaglandin E for seminal vesicle secretion in the various fractions. Aside from PAP, four additional proteins were apparently associated with the prostatic fraction, one of which shared the biochemical characteristics of the specific ventral lobe protein of the rat prostate, prostatein (molecular mass 16 000, pI 4.8). The presumptive vesicular fractions contained a large number of low molecular mass proteins (10-20 000), with widely varying pI-values. The concentration of albumin and transferrin appeared to be highest in the sperm cell enriched fractions, indicating a major contribution to the ejaculate of testicular/epididymal origin. PMID- 6526516 TI - In vivo study of LDH isoenzyme activities in heart, liver and testis cytosols of gossypol-treated rats. AB - LDH isoenzyme activities of heart, liver and testis homogenates were measured in rats treated for 15 or 30 days with 30 mg gossypol acetic acid/kg body weight daily, a dose which severely suppressed sperm motility. No differences in LDH activities of the examined organs were found in comparison with control animals. LDH-X, the main LDH isoenzyme in spermatozoa and testicular germ cells from primary spermatocytes onwards was also unaffected. These results contrast with in vitro experiments on human, rabbit, and boar spermatozoa, purified bovine LDH-X and rat testis homogenate which show dose-dependent inhibition of LDH-X after incubation with gossypol. Our results therefore suggest that inhibition of LDH by gossypol is not the primary cause of sperm immotility. PMID- 6526517 TI - Foetal meiosis in the testis of the rodent Octodon degus. AB - Different stages of meiotic prophase have been studied in foetal testes of the rodent, Octodon degus, using the light and electron microscope. Special attention was focused on the ultrastructural morphology of these meiotic cells in comparison to pre-spermatogonia of foetal testes and meiotic spermatocytes of the adult male testis. Meiosis occurs in only a few cells located among fibroblasts of the tunica albuginea or in the region of the gonadal blastema. The foetal meiotic process resembles adult meiosis in its ultrastructural characteristics; typical pachytene synaptonemal complexes and leptotene or diplotene axial elements appear associated to the chromatin. This process occurs at the same foetal age that meiosis commences in the ovary, thus reinforcing the idea that both meiosis-inducing and meiosis-preventing substances are secreted in both sexes. The intra-or extracordonal localization of the germ cells would be an important factor in determining the cells' response to these substances. PMID- 6526518 TI - Preparation of a 211At-IgG conjugate which is stable in vivo. AB - The short lived (t 1/2 7.2 h) alpha-particle emitting halogen 211At has been attached to an antibody by using an acylation reaction to conjugate para [211At]astato-benzoic acid with rabbit IgG. The conjugate, which is stable in vivo, contains at least 30% of the initial activity of 211At. PMID- 6526519 TI - Optimum geometry of a large Marinelli-type vessel and its application to environmental aqueous samples. AB - In order to establish a system of monitoring radioactivity in waste water treatment plants, the optimum geometry of a large-volume Marinelli-type vessel with an 8% Ge(Li) detector was investigated, but optimum volume was not obtained. However, at a particular volume, the optimum geometry existed. The 30 L Marinelli type vessel was applied to a system monitoring the influent and the return sludge at a waste water treatment plant in Tokyo. PMID- 6526520 TI - Synthesis of 131I, 125I and 82Br labelled (E)-5-(2-halovinyl)-2'-deoxyuridines. AB - Radiohalogenated (E)-5-(2-iodovinyl)-2'-deoxyuridine (IVDU, 4) and (E)-5-(2 bromovinyl)-2'-deoxyuridine (BVDU, 5) were synthesized by reaction of (E)-5-(2 carboxyvinyl)-2'-deoxyuridine (1) with radiolabelled iodide or bromide in the presence of chloramine-T. A "no-carrier-added" synthesis of [131I]IVDU was completed within 30 min providing a radiochemical yield of 65%. Alternatively, radioactive iodine was incorporated into IVDU using a halogen isotope exchange reaction catalyzed by cuprous ion. [82Br]BVDU was also prepared by direct neutron activation of unlabelled BVDU. PMID- 6526521 TI - The synthesis of [36Cl]-, [82Br]- and [123I]-labelled 1-(3'-chloro-(bromo and iodo)-3'-deoxy-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl)uracil. AB - Reaction of the epoxy nucleoside 1-(2',3'-epoxy-beta-D-lyxofuranosyl)uracil (1) with [36Cl]HCl afforded [36Cl]-1-(3'-chloro-3'-deoxy-beta-D arabinofuranosyl)uracil (2a) with a specific activity of 5.48 MBq mmol-1. A similar reaction of 1 with [82Br]NH4Br yielded [82Br]-1-(3'-bromo-3'-deoxy-beta-D arabinofuranosyl)uracil (2b) with a specific activity of 29 MBq mmol-1. Alternatively neutron activation of the preformed [81Br]-1-(3'-bromo-3'-deoxy beta-D-arabinofuranosyl)uracil (2b) gave low yields of the [82Br)-labelled 2b with a specific activity of 8.99 MBq mmol-1. [123I]-1-(3'-Iodo-3'-deoxy-beta-D arabinofuranosyl)uracil (2c) was similarly prepared with a specific activity of 125 GBq mmol-1 by the reaction of [123I]HI with the epoxide. These compounds were prepared for evaluation as non-invasive tumor imaging radiopharmaceuticals. PMID- 6526522 TI - Tumor uptake of radiolabelled pyrimidine bases and pyrimidine nucleosides in animal models: VI. 1-(3'-[36Cl]-chloro-, 1-(3'-[82Br]-bromo- and 1-(3'-[123I] Iodo-3'-deoxy-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl)uracil. AB - 3'-Radiohalogenated (36Cl, 82Br and 123I) "arabino" pyrimidine nucleosides were evaluated as potential tumor diagnostic agents in tumor bearing animals. No preferential tissue uptake was observed. The compounds were excreted mainly unchanged in the urine. The 3'-[36Cl]- and 3'-[82Br]-3'-deoxyarabino nucleosides exhibited biliary uptake. The low uptake of injected radioactivity by the tumor was probably due to the combined effects of the lack of a C-3' hydroxyl group in the "ribo" configuration, the presence of a halogen, the structural rigidity imposed by the presence of a halogen and the short biological half-lives of the compounds. PMID- 6526523 TI - A new type of 81Rb-81mKr generator for medical use. AB - A new 81Rb-81mKr generator is described. The new generator-type is suitable for ventilation and perfusion studies. By implantation of 60 keV 81Rb+-ions into Mylar or polyethylene foils, the pure 81mKr daughter can be eluted by an air-flow or by an isotonic NaCl solution. PMID- 6526524 TI - Mechanical pulmonary ventilation at high airway pressures: is it safe? PMID- 6526525 TI - Features of residual renal function in end-stage renal failure associated with spinal cord injury. AB - The characteristics of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) complicating spinal cord injury (SCI) were studied retrospectively in 43 male hemodialysis patients. A control group of male patients dialyzed in the same institution were studied for comparison. The SCI patients had significantly lower serum creatinine concentrations and daily urinary creatinine excretion than the control group, despite comparable creatinine clearances. Therefore, serum creatinine, when compared with the familiar values in non-SCI patients, may greatly underestimate the severity of the renal impairment. Urine output was higher, urine specific gravity lower, and renal glucosuria more common in the SCI patients. 24-hour urinary protein excretion was higher and serum albumin was lower in the SCI patients, with 48% of the patients exhibiting nephrotic range proteinuria. Urine pH was markedly elevated, and pyuria and bacteriuria were present in all SCI patients. Fractional excretion of potassium (159 +/- 16%) exceeded its filtered load in most SCI patients. PMID- 6526527 TI - Serum sodium concentration and body fluid distribution during interdialysis: importance of sodium to fluid intake ratio in hemodialysis patients. AB - Changes in the serum Na+ concentration and transcellular body fluid distribution during the interdialytic period were simulated as functions of body weight gain assuming that the effective extracellular osmolality consists only of sodium. Our model shows that these changes are mainly determined by the relative ratio between sodium intake and weight gain in this period. If the sodium intake-to-net fluid intake ratio is equal to the postdialytic serum [Na+], neither changes in serum [Na+] nor transcellular fluid shifts occur. When sodium intake is relatively greater than the net water intake, serum [Na+] is increased and transcellular fluid shifts will occur out of the cells. On the other hand, when the net water intake is relatively greater than the sodium intake, serum [Na+] is decreased and fluid is distributed to both the intracellular and extracellular compartments. The combined application of our models for both the intradialytic interval described previously and the interdialytic interval described here is very useful in quantitatively analyzing the overall sodium and water metabolism in dialyzed patients. PMID- 6526526 TI - Coagulation abnormalities in patients with end-stage renal disease treated with hemodialysis. AB - Plasma levels of various blood coagulation factors, antithrombin III and plasminogen were measured in 18 patients with end-stage renal disease treated by longterm hemodialysis. The results were compared with those obtained in a group of normal volunteers. Factors XII, IX and II activities were significantly reduced; factors VIII, VII and X levels were increased; and factors XI and V activities and high molecular weight kininogen concentration were comparable to the control group. Antithrombin III activity and concentration were significantly reduced. The mean plasma fibrinogen concentration was normal although levels above and below normal limits were noted in a few patients. Similarly the mean platelet count was normal, although mild thrombocytopenia occurred in several patients and thrombocytosis in one. In conclusion, the present study confirms published results about factor VIII and AT-III, and provides new information on changes of other coagulation factors in uremia treated by long-term hemodialysis. PMID- 6526529 TI - Serum phosphate concentration with relation to the hematocrit value in uremic patients on chronic hemodialysis. AB - The acute effects of hemodialysis on the serum inorganic phosphorus levels (sPi) with relation to the predialysis plasma volume (PV) and the hematocrit (Ht) values were studied in a group of chronic uremic patients on regular hemodialysis. The results obtained confirmed the close direct correlation between predialysis sPi and fall in sPi induced by hemodialysis. Furthermore, the present fall in sPi induced by hemodialysis was found to be directly correlated to the PV values, and inversely to the HT values. An equation was derived from these data to predict in the individual patients the postdialysis sPi levels, utilizing both the predialysis sPi and the Ht values; this equation showed a better predictive capability than similar expression based on the use of the predialysis sPi value alone. PMID- 6526528 TI - Hemodialysis-associated platelet loss: study of the relative contribution of dialyzer membrane composition and geometry. AB - To evaluate the relative contribution that dialyzer membrane composition and geometry make to hemodialysis-associated platelet loss, the effect of a single dialysis with three different types of dialyzers on platelet count was examined on a cross-over basis in 19 uremic patients on maintenance hemodialysis. Also, the plasma levels of antithrombin-iii before and after dialysis were measured, but no significant variations were found regardless of which dialyzer was in use. Our patients suffered significant platelet loss during cuprophan dialysis, but not polyacrylonitrile dialysis. More than 99% of initial circulating platelets were recovered at the end of polyacrylonitrile dialysis, whereas cuprophan dialysis did leave a significantly lower percentage of circulating platelets (p less than 0.05). The internal comparison of results obtained with the two cuprophan dialyzers used shows no difference as to the dialyzer geometry (flat plate or hollow fiber). This indicates that the membrane composition is the major factor influencing hemodialysis-associated platelet loss. We suggest that patients with low platelet count and/or with risk of bleeding may benefit from polyacrylonitrile dialysis. PMID- 6526531 TI - Technical developments in CAPD. PMID- 6526530 TI - Removal of protein-bound substance in hepatic failure: polyetherurethane sheet embedded with powdered charcoal (UPC). AB - For the purpose of applying an artificial liver support system to a direct hemoperfusion (DHP), a new type of adsorbent, "polyetherurethane sheet embedded with powdered charcoal (UPC)" has been developed and clinically used. A polypropylene container was used to prepare a column containing 70 g of powdered charcoal by filling it with a 35 m x 15 cm roll of the 150 microns thick UPC. The powdered charcoal with an optimum pore size was selected for the purpose of adsorbing protein-bound substances and middle molecular substances. The result of a 3-hour DHP performed on a jaundiced dog showed the removal amounts of about 70% of bilirubin and 90% of bile acid. DHP was also performed on jaundiced patients. A 3-hour hemoperfusion using one UPC column obtained the maximum removal amounts of 23% of total bilirubin and 31% of bile acid. When 3 columns in all were used, one at a time, by replacing it with time, the removal amounts of 43% of total bilirubin and 55% of bile acid resulted. The hemoperfusion was safely completed with transient effects, if any, on the blood elements. PMID- 6526533 TI - Some preconceptions about hypnosis among preclinical medical students: a brief communication. PMID- 6526532 TI - The use of hypnotic uncovering techniques in the treatment of pedophilia: a brief communication. PMID- 6526535 TI - The hypnotic hero: a technique for hypnosis with children. PMID- 6526534 TI - Posthypnotic conflict and psychopathology--controlling for the effects of posthypnotic suggestions: a brief communication. PMID- 6526536 TI - Relation of predicted to actual hypnotic responsiveness, with special reference to posthypnotic amnesia. PMID- 6526537 TI - Concentrations of D-glucaric acid in human urine after repeated administration of pyrithioxine. AB - The urinary excretion of D-glucaric acid in 16 healthy male volunteers, 24 to 66 years of age, was 44 +/- 3 mumol/24 h (25 +/- 2 mumol D-glucaric acid/g creatinine/24 h). Six healthy female volunteers aged 25 to 60 years excreted 42 +/- 5 mumol D-glucaric acid/24 h (30 +/- 3 mumol D-glucaric acid/g creatinine/24 h) in the urine. (The values given are means +/- s.e.m.) In 3 male subjects, daily i.v. infusion of 5 mg pyrithioxine in 3 ml physiol. saline/kg body weight on 5 successive days produced a slight increase in the daily renal excretion of D glucaric acid during the 5-day period. The increase was reversible during the next few days. Oral doses of 200 mg pyrithioxine, given three times daily over a period of 4 weeks to 5 female subjects caused a slight increase in the renal excretion of D-glucaric acid/24 h. In the course of the following week, there was a return to baseline levels. The pyrithioxine-associated increase in urinary D glucaric acid is attributed to its enhanced metabolic formation in the body and indirectly reflects a weak inductive action of pyrithioxine on the hepatic microsomal enzyme system in man. With the evidence on hand, this effect, though slight in extent, would appear to predict no risk of a pharmacokinetic interaction between pyrithioxine and other drugs. PMID- 6526538 TI - Correlation of sulphadimidine acetylation test in urine and blood for isoniazid phenotyping. AB - Sulphadimidine acetylation was determined in 110 cases in samples obtained from urine and blood. A trimodal distribution was observed by both the methods. The correlation co-efficient "r" for the two methods was 0.46. PMID- 6526539 TI - Pharmacokinetics of buflomedil after intravenous administration in patients with chronic renal failure. AB - The pharmacokinetics of single intravenous doses of buflomedil were studied in nine patients with chronic renal failure. The mean buflomedil half-life was 5.38 h (range 1.78-11.8 h); the mean buflomedil total clearance was 11.8 l/h (range 2.67-37.2 l/h). Comparisons of buflomedil kinetic parameters between the uraemic patients and healthy subjects revealed significant decreases in the renal elimination percentage u, the renal clearance Clr; significant increase in elimination half-life from the central compartment and no significant differences in the other parameters. Chronic renal failure is associated with a significant alteration in buflomedil elimination. This study suggests to reduce the usual dosage to half its value in the renal disease. PMID- 6526540 TI - Circadian bioavailability and some effects of propranolol in healthy subjects and in liver cirrhosis. AB - The aim of the study was to establish whether and how circadian rhythms alter the bioavailability of, and response of circulatory and ventilatory functions to 80 mg of propranolol given at four different test times. Both Cmax and AUC were lowest at 2:00 pm as compared with other test times in healthy group (N = 6), lower in cirrhosis (N = 6), but none in portacaval shunt (N = 3). Thus, at 2:00 pm, liver extraction seems to be the best in healthy subjects, worse in cirrhotics and negligible in PC shunt. The mean AUC value in PC shunt patients was three times as high as in healthy subjects and cirrhotics. This seems to be due to the reduced first-pass extraction phenomenon in the liver in PC cases. All subjects exhibited a prompt and significant depression of radial pulse and systolic BP; this effect on radial pulse was lasting longer at 2:00 am than at other test times. The initial values of PEF were lowest at 2:00 am and no depressing effect of propranolol was observed in comparison with other test times. From the practical point of view, the changeable bioavailability of propranolol given at different times of the day has no direct consequences in regards to the temporal response to the drug in healthy subjects and cirrhotics, since it is likely that both propranolol and its metabolites (4-OHP) are active as beta-blockers. Twenty-four hour oscillations of the responses to propranolol seem to exist both in healthy and cirrhotic patients. PMID- 6526541 TI - Diuretic effect and duration of action of a single intravenous dose of furosemide in uremia and myocardial infarction. AB - Furosemide was given in a single dose of 80 mg to 10 normal subjects, 10 uremic and 6 subjects with uncomplicated myocardial infarction. Furosemide overall effects and rates of urine flow, sodium and potassium excretion in different pathophysiological states were compared. During 24 hours furosemide resulted in a two-fold increase in urine flow in both normal and myocardial infarction subjects when compared to 1.4 in uremic patients. Furosemide produced nearly a two-fold increase in 24 hours. Na excretion was in all the three groups studied. K excretion in 24 hours was higher in myocardial infarction patients than uremics and normals, but the difference was not significant (p less than 0.05). Rate-time plot for urine, Na or K excretion showed that the decline was slower in uremic or myocardial infarction patients than in normal subjects. The smaller decay constants for effect in both uremic and myocardial infarction subjects were indicative of longer duration of action of furosemide in these patients. No correlation was observed between overall Na or K excretion after furosemide and creatinine clearance. Changes in renal function or renal hemodynamics produced decreased but prolonged effects of furosemide and eventually the overall diuretic effect of the drug was slightly altered. PMID- 6526543 TI - Nabumetone--a novel anti-inflammatory drug: bioavailability after different dosage regimens. AB - The bioavailability of nabumetone after different multiple dosing regimens was investigated in healthy male volunteers by determining the main plasma metabolite 6-methoxy-2-naphthylacetic acid. The mean steady state morning plasma level was higher when 1000 mg nabumetone were administered, once daily, at night than after the application of 500 mg twice daily (in the morning and in the evening). There was only a small further increase of the mean steady state morning level when the dose was increased to 1000 mg b.d. In all application regimens the steady state was reached on day 3. The dosage of 1000 mg, once daily, at night with and without a loading dose of 1000 mg in the morning of the first day were compared. When a loading dose was administered the plasma levels rose very quickly to higher values but reached the same mean on day 3 as when given without the loading dose. The half-lives of the terminal beta-phase with mean values of 22.77 h and 22.0 h are of the same order of magnitude as those found in single dose studies. It can be concluded from these results that a dose regimen of 1000 mg once daily, at night would be preferable. PMID- 6526542 TI - Hemodynamic effects of once a day administration of combined chlorthalidone and metoprolol slow-release in essential hypertension. AB - The effects of a fixed combination of chlorthalidone (25 mg) and metoprolol slow release (200 mg) (CM) on 24 hour blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) values and their variabilities were evaluated in 6 ambulant hypertensives by the Oxford method, to obtain continuous intra-arterial recording and by computer to have a beat-to-beat analysis of the data. Compared to pre-treatment values, average 24 hour HR and mean BP recorded after 7-10 days of once daily CM orally administration were reduced by 18.4 +/- 3.1 and 14.7 +/- 3.0%, respectively. The effects of CM were also evident during isometric and dynamic exercise, whose pressor and tachycardic responses were left unimpaired (BP) or were only slightly reduced (HR) by CM. The long- and short-term BP and HR variabilities (calculated as variation coefficients among and within half hours, and within minutes) were also left unaffected by CM. These findings indicate that once a day administration of CM effectively reduces BP and HR over the 24 hours, without interfering with cardiovascular homeostasis. The effective and persistent reduction in both these variables (as well as their occurrence during exercise) suggests that the antihypertensive action of this treatment is accompanied by a clear-cut reduction in cardiac work. PMID- 6526544 TI - Adherence in a behavioral alcohol treatment program. AB - This report examines the correlates of early treatment termination by patients being treated for alcohol abuse or dependence. All of the study subjects were participants in a controlled experimental investigation of the differences in clinical outcome and treatment cost of extended inpatient and partial hospital treatment. A large number of clinical variables demonstrated no difference between groups, except for the greater likelihood of a DSM III Axis I diagnosis of alcohol abuse or dependence in the treatment completers. In contrast, three of four system variables differentiated completers from noncompleters. Patients treated by hospital-employed psychiatrists, in contrast to private psychiatrists, were more likely to complete the program; 4 sequential months in the middle phase of the study were associated with noncompletion of treatment; and patients who were detoxified on the preferentially designated unit were more likely to receive some specialized alcohol treatment. The authors interpret these data to indicate that treatment adherence is influenced by factors affecting the cohesiveness of the treatment delivery system. The failure of patient characteristic variables to predict treatment adherence may well be a result of their comparative insignificance in relation to system variables. PMID- 6526546 TI - Social recovery and therapeutic mission. AB - Social recovery is defined as restoration to effective social functioning. The Social Recovery Inventory, an instrument derived from role and social exchange theories, is demonstrated as a method of measuring recovery vis-a-vis occupational, familial, and civic functioning. Conditions for social recovery are examined, with discussion of implications for treatment, in-service training, and administration. PMID- 6526545 TI - Family mapping: toward an understanding of the interactional dynamic of the alcoholic marital dyad. AB - Family mapping is a structure which provides the therapist and the marital couple with information about family of origin issues which can then be used as a therapeutic point of reference. PMID- 6526547 TI - An evaluation of the alternatives approach to drug abuse prevention. AB - An alternatives-oriented, school-based drug abuse prevention program, Positive Alternatives for Youth (PAY), was evaluated over a 2-year period. Using a random assignment, pretest-posttest control group design, 135 PAY students and 106 control group students were assessed on several attitudinal and behavioral measures of drug use. During the first year significant differences were detected between PAY and control students. Fewer differences were found in the second year, although a special analysis showed evidence of impact on PAY students rated as more involved in program activities. Reasons for specific results are discussed and implications are drawn for the alternatives approach and the field of drug abuse prevention. PMID- 6526548 TI - Inhalant abuse and juvenile delinquency: a control study in Albuquerque, New Mexico. AB - This paper examines the relationship between inhalant abuse and delinquency among juveniles in Albuquerque, New Mexico. The arrest records of 100 juvenile delinquents identified as chronic inhalant abusers are compared with two control groups (N = 100 each) of other delinquents from Albuquerque. One control group was stratified on age, sex, and ethnicity, and the other was a simple random sample. The demographic characteristics of inhalant abusers indicated an overrepresentation of young, male Hispanics from large, poor, disrupted families where siblings were involved in both the abuse of inhalants and a variety of other delinquent activities. The inhalant abusers were much more likely to be arrested for virtually every type and category of delinquent activity. Specifically, inhalant abusers are considerably more criminal regarding total offenses committed, status offenses, crimes against property, crimes against persons, and criminal and violent offenses. Therefore, this study has indicated a strong relationship between inhalant abuse and juvenile delinquency. PMID- 6526549 TI - Self- and ideal-self-perception of drug addicts in therapeutic communities. AB - Ninety-one drug addicts from four residential treatment centers completed a 50 item rating scale for self and ideal self. Factor analysis of their responses revealed two five-factor solutions. As hypothesized, residents who had been in the centers for 10 months or more had higher self-esteem than residents in treatment for shorter periods. They also saw themselves as less pawnlike and were less self-critical. Primary dimensions of the residents' view of ideal self were Pawn and Self-criticism. Implications for program intake procedures, treatment techniques, and goals; criteria for success and failure; and community roles are discussed. PMID- 6526550 TI - Abstinence or decreasing consumption among adolescents: importance of reasons. AB - This study determined the pervasiveness of reasons for abstinence or for decreasing alcohol consumption among 196 high school students in eastern North Carolina. Expanding upon prior research, 29 personal, social, and environmental reasons were examined. Generally, the less a student drank, the more important a reason was for abstaining or for a reduction in alcohol intake. Reasons rated important by a majority of all adolescent drinking groups, including heavy drinkers, were related to health, self-esteem/self-control, and parental disapproval/disappointment. PMID- 6526551 TI - The impact of medical, reeducational, and psychological variables on rehabilitation outcome in amputees. AB - 178 male unilateral above-knee amputees (cause of amputation: war injury or accident) participated in the study. Medical reeducational, social, vocational, and psychological predictor variables as well ad medical, social, vocational, and psychological outcome variables were assessed by means of interviews, expert ratings, questionnaires, and by ratings from the amputees partners. A series of risk factors for poor rehabilitation was specified by means of discriminant and correlational analyses. Optimization of medical/reeducational care, helping the amputee to gain insight into the necessity of amputation, making available to him a person to confide in with personal problems, and helping him to overcome social withdrawal seem to be the most important measures to prevent poor rehabilitation outcome. PMID- 6526552 TI - Computerized video tasks as training techniques for driving-related perceptual deficits of persons with brain damage: a pilot evaluation. AB - This pilot study investigated the modifiability of perceptual deficits by training which consisted of performing microcomputer-generated video tasks. These commercially available remedial programs tapped a range of skills, such as right/left discrimination, color matching, visual scanning, judgment of line orientation, visual search, shape discrimination, visual memory, eye tracking, visuomotor coordination, and visual imagery. Four subjects with acquired brain damage were given 10 hours of training. Perceptual skills were assessed with a battery of seven paper-and-pencil tests administered both before and after the training. Following the training two subjects showed some improvement on several of the perceptual tests used, while two other subjects showed improvement on only a limited number of tests. Based on these results and on the performance changes on the video tasks themselves, a comprehensive evaluation of the potential benefits of this type of training on driving performance is recommended. PMID- 6526553 TI - The occupational success of visually handicapped adolescents in the first year after leaving school for the partially seeing. AB - Data on 355 partially sighted youngsters was obtained during the final year of schooling by clinical assessment and by perusal of appropriate school records. Approximately 12 months after leaving school, a postal questionnaire was used to obtain information on employment record. A response rate of 85.6% was achieved. A measure of occupational success, based on job tenure, was derived for the 169 respondents who had sought employment. Correlational analysis was undertaken between occupational success and 46 visual, biographical, psychological and educational parameters. Small but statistically significant correlations were obtained for the sex of the youngster, academic qualifications, one measure of distance visual acuity and the youngsters' attitudes to visual impairment and to the interaction with the normally sighted. PMID- 6526554 TI - [Do residential facilities for mentally retarded people exert an influence on the capacity for autonomy and social integration of their residents?]. AB - The study relates to the lodging establishments situated in the Province of Liege (190 persons in 10 establishments). The independent variables are: the seriousness of each resident's handicap, and the belonging to an establishment. The dependent variables are composed of the three self-reliance scores and of the three integration scores of an instrument perfected for sake of the research: the E.C.A.I. (Evaluation des Comportements d'Autonomie et d'Integration = Evaluation of the self-reliance and integration behaviors). The statistical data processing (especially the stepwise multiple regression analysis) points out that, provided the effect to the seriousness of the residents' handicap has been neutralized, the establishments have a specific influence on the level of their self-reliance and integration. An increase in the number of the establishments investigated should allow, beyond this global influence, to identify the working and structural characteristics of the establishments propitious to an increasing self reliance and integration of the residents. PMID- 6526555 TI - Comparative study of physiotherapy educators in Great Britain, Nigeria and the United States. AB - This study was conducted to investigate the relative characteristics of physiotherapy educators in three countries, namely Great Britain, Nigeria and the United States. Data was collected from heads of physiotherapy training programmes and faculty members in these countries. Results showed that while physiotherapy training programmes in Britain were hospital-based and diploma awarding those in Nigeria and the United States were university-based and degree awarding. Educators in Great Britain and the United States were predominantly female while those in Nigeria were almost equally mixed sex-wise. Respondents from Britain reported the lowest percentage of academic degrees, research activity, publications and paper presentations at conferences relative to their American and Nigerian counterparts. Results also showed that there was variability in the ranking system in the three countries. An insight into the differences in the educational experiences and background of educators in the three countries studied is likely to facilitate exchanges between these countries. PMID- 6526556 TI - Ultraviolet-action spectrum and evaluation of ultraviolet lamps for psoriasis healing. PMID- 6526557 TI - The basement membrane autoantigen in epidermolysis bullosa acquisita. PMID- 6526558 TI - Human gnathostomiasis in Ecuador (nodular migratory eosinophilic panniculitis). First finding of the parasite in South America. AB - Fifteen patients with human gnathostomiasis are reported from Ecuador. The name "nodular migratory eosinphilic panniculitis" is proposed because of the histopathologic and clinical changes found in two cases in which the parasite was found on biopsy. PMID- 6526559 TI - Pigmented basal cell epithelioma arising in the scar of an onchocerciasis nodule. AB - Pigmented basal cell epithelioma (BCE) arose in the scar of an onchocercoma nodule in a 45-year-old white man. There were extensive fibrosis, inflammation, epidermal hyperplasia, and nests of basal cancer cells. The authors believe that the development of epithelioma in this case was more than a chance occurrence. There is little doubt that the malignant change was subsequent to the scarring proliferative process of the disease. To the authors' knowledge, this complication has not been reported previously. PMID- 6526560 TI - Malignant melanoma in World War II veterans. AB - In a consecutive series of 1,067 patients entered into the data base of the Melanoma Cooperative Group at New York University School of Medicine between 1972 and 1980, 120 men were of draft age (18-31 years) during World War II (1941 1945). Questionnaires were sent to these 120 individuals; 89 responded. Simultaneously, a control (nonmelanoma) population of 65 men of similar age was queried. Each subject in both groups was asked whether he had served in the armed forces during World War II and, if so, what were his theaters of operation. Based on the response, 83% (74 of 89) of the melanoma group compared with 76% (49 of 65) of the control group had served in the armed forces during World War II; however, a significantly (p = 0.0002) greater percent of the melanoma patients (34%) served in the tropics than did the control subjects (6%). Further, overrepresented in the melanoma group that served in the tropics (compared with the melanoma group who served in the armed forces in nontropical theaters) were malignant melanomas that had their origin in nevocytic nevi. The findings suggest that Caucasian individuals heavily exposed to sunlight in the tropics for several years during early life may be at higher risk to the subsequent development of cutaneous malignant melanoma. In some individuals this may be a two-step phenomenon, in which the first step is the solar induction of nevocytic nevi and the second is malignant transformation within them. PMID- 6526561 TI - Transepidermal elimination of actinically damaged connective tissue. AB - Three patients with actinically damaged skin had scaling lesions clinically resembling actinic keratoses. Histologic examination of the lesions disclosed transepidermal elimination (TE) of degenerated (solar elastotic) dermal connective tissue via a transepidermal canal, a previously undescribed phenomenon. PMID- 6526562 TI - Botfly (Dermatobia hominis) myiasis. PMID- 6526563 TI - Nifedipine in scleroderma ulcerations. AB - Cutaneous ulcerations may be due to a variety of causes, including vasculitis, infections, arterial insufficiency, and microvascular damage. The net effect is diminished blood flow to the skin. Nifedipine, a calcium antagonist, has been shown to improve cutaneous blood flow and to alleviate reactive vasospastic ischemia (Raynaud's phenomenon). The authors report an ischemic ulcer of scleroderma showing visible improvement with nifedipine therapy. PMID- 6526564 TI - Inhibition of cutaneous paresthesia resulting from synthetic pyrethroid exposure. AB - Synthetic pyrethroids are potent lipophilic insecticides recognized as nerve toxins. Their increased usage in recent years has established them as a serious competitor against the currently available pesticides. Reported cases of occupational exposure have noted the presence of paresthesia without the clinical symptoms of erythema, edema, or vesiculation. Pilot studies were performed with six prophylactic agents to assess their capability of preventing or ameliorating the paresthesia that accompanies exposure. Vitamin E oil (dl-alpha tocopheryl acetate) proved the most efficacious. PMID- 6526565 TI - Variations of phthalate ester concentrations in sediments from the Chester River, Maryland. AB - Phthalate esters discharged from a plasticizer-manufacturing plant were distinguished from those of other sources in the Chester River, Maryland by comparing the distinctive patterns of alkyl phthalate species of the plant to those of sediment samples from sites along the mid-river axis. The magnitude of the changes in individual phthalate species were placed in perspective by charting their concentrations with distance along the river. Short sediment cores were also analyzed to determine the profile of phthalate ester pollution in the Chester River during the previous decade in which the river experienced a significant oyster mortality. A significant level of phthalate ester pollution was found in the Chester River sediment but its source was not found to be the plasticizer plant. PMID- 6526567 TI - An atomic absorption spectrophotometric method for the determination of trace amounts of zinc in canned juices after ion exchange separation. AB - An atomic absorption spectrophotometric method is described for the determination of microgram quantities of zinc in canned juices. After sample digestion in concentrated nitric acid, the solution is evaporated till near dryness, and then a solution of 2 M HCl is added to form tetrachlorozincate (II) ion. This acid solution, containing the zinc complex is passed through an ion-exchange column (anion exchange resin, chloride form, which is preconditioned by passing 1 M HCl solution). Zinc is eluted from the column with 0.01 M HCl solution. After evaporation to dryness, the residue is dissolved in 1% (v/v) HNO3, and then atomized into an air-acetylene flame. The limit of detection of the method is 0.15 micrograms ml-1 Zn. The analytical aspects of the proposed method, including the standard addition technique are discussed. PMID- 6526566 TI - Determination of trace elements of Egyptian cane sugar (Naga Hammady factories) by neutron activation, atomic absorption spectrophotometric and inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometric analyses. AB - INAA, AAS and ICP-AES techniques are applied to the determination of trace amounts of Ag, Al, As, Au, Ba, Br, Ca, Cd, Ce, Cl, Co, Cr, Cs, Cu, Dy, Eu, Fe, Ga, Hf, K, La, Li, Lu, Mg, Mn, Na, Nb, Ni, Pb, Sb, Sc, Se, Sm, Sn, Sr, Ta, Th, Ti, U, V, W and Zn in the stalks of sugar cane plant after extracting juice, raw juice principal (mixed) juice, juice withdrawn from the successive stages of sugar industry, sirup, deposits from evaporators, molasse, A-? and B-sugar and in the soil samples (collected from the field supplying the factories by cane plants) taken from the immediate vicinity of the plant roots at surface, 30 and 60 cm depth. The results obtained are in a good agreement of the safety baselines of using juice as beverage, molasse derivatives (honey, sweets, ...) as diet for common people in the developed countries and in industry (methanol, ethanol, acetone & acetic acid, ...) and sugar sweeting for many purposes (in beverages, desserts, ...). Differences of trace elements concentrations in soil samples may be reasoned to geochemical and biogeochemical fractionation while those in juice may be due to the changes in the environmental conditions, chemical composition and botanic structures. Variations in trace element contents in the products formed during the successive stages of sugar industry may be a result of evaporation, filtration processes, chemical treatments or corrosion of vessels, containers or engines. Trace elements are very important where they are responsible for enzymatic and biochemical reactions, matabolism, health and diseases. PMID- 6526568 TI - Points in question. The terminology of parasitology: the need for uniformity. PMID- 6526569 TI - A highly purified allergen from excretory and secretory products of Dirofilaria immitis. PMID- 6526570 TI - Arrested development of the rabbit stomach worm Obeliscoides cuniculi: manipulation of the ability to arrest through processes of selection. PMID- 6526571 TI - Mitochondrial cytochrome components of Paragonimus adult worms. PMID- 6526572 TI - Viability and infectivity of protoscolices of Echinococcus multilocularis stored at different temperatures. PMID- 6526574 TI - Correlations between numbers of enteric nematode parasites in grazing lambs. PMID- 6526573 TI - Biochemical characterisation of Australian strains of Echinococcus granulosus by isoelectric focusing of soluble proteins. PMID- 6526575 TI - The structure of excretory system of the infective larva of Haemonchus contortus. PMID- 6526576 TI - Musculoskeletal impairment among the non-institutionalized aged. AB - This study examines musculoskeletal impairment among 711 community elders living in Massachusetts; all are over 70 years of age, most are Caucasian (99%) and female (65%). Impairment was assessed by having trained interviewers ask participants to perform 10 standardized range-of-motion patterns. Findings reveal a high degree of musculoskeletal ability in this very aged sample. In only 3 of 10 movement patterns do more than 25% of the sample display any sign of impairment. PMID- 6526577 TI - Major amputation in paraplegic and tetraplegic patients. AB - In the 1940s major amputation in paraplegic and tetraplegic patients was performed mainly for the complications of pressure sores. With the increased understanding of paraplegia, life expectancy has greatly improved, with the consequence that the chief indication for amputation is now gangrene due to atherosclerosis. The special problems of the spinal-cord-paralysed amputee are reviewed. PMID- 6526578 TI - Urine lactic dehydrogenase--an aid in the management of patients with spinal cord injury. AB - Urine lactic dehydrogenase (LD) and urinary LD isoenzyme determinations were performed for 59 adult afebrile patients with spinal cord lesions. Twenty-eight were found to have a predominance of LD 1 and 2. Thirteen had positive urine cultures and 12 also had positive antibody coated bacteria (ACB). Twenty were found to have a predominance of LD 4 and 5, with a mean total urine LD activity of 175.7 mU/ml. Sixteen of this group had positive urine cultures and 12 also ACB positive. Eleven had no demonstrable LD isoenzyme with a mean total urine LD activity of 17.5 mU/ml. Eight had positive urine cultures and four were also ACB positive. Forty-six normal controls had a mean LD activity of 15.1 mU/ml. In the study population changes in U-LD occurred in the absence of bacteriuria most frequently in patients who were appliance-free or used catheterization. In the absence of bacteriuria bladder overdistention may contribute to changes in LD isoenzyme patterns. PMID- 6526579 TI - Clinical experience with inspiratory resistive breathing training. AB - Seventy-seven outpatients with disabling chronic obstructive pulmonary disease have been subjected to a 3-month regimen of inspiratory resistive breathing training using the PEP/RMT set (Astra Meditec). Pulmonary function and exercise tolerance on a cycle ergometer or the 12 min. walking distance were obtained pre- and post-training. A special dyspnoea scoring system was also applied. Sixty three patients experienced significant benefit from training. Pulmonary function did not change, but a substantial increase in exercise tolerance and a decrease of dyspnoea were apparent, where training was successful. PMID- 6526580 TI - Otitis media in newborn infants. PMID- 6526582 TI - Vocal cord palsy in pediatric practice: a review of 71 cases. AB - Seventy-one cases of vocal cord palsy were seen over a 20-year period at the Hospital for Sick Children in Toronto. Forty-four percent of the cases had a bilateral vocal cord palsy. The etiology, management and outcome of all the cases are reviewed. Of the acquired vocal cord palsies, 64% recovered spontaneously. Only 29% of the congenital vocal cord palsies recovered spontaneously. An important consideration in the management of children with vocal cord palsy is the possibility of late spontaneous recovery or compensation. There should, therefore, be no hurry to perform surgical procedures to permanently lateralize the vocal cords or arytenoids. PMID- 6526581 TI - Late results and complications of tympanostomy tube insertion for prophylaxis of recurrent purulent otitis media in pediatric age. AB - We have evaluated from a clinical and functional point of view a total of 61 children (37 boys and 24 girls with a median age of 3 years, range 4 months to 6 years) who had been submitted before 1978 to insertion of tympanostomy tubes (in a total of 131 ears) for prophylaxis of recurrent purulent otitis media. Of these, 67.6% remained free from recurrencies after removal or extrusion of grommets, whereas in the remaining group discharge could be cured with local and/or general antibiotic treatment. Sixteen cases had tympanic calcifications, 6 an atrophic drum, and 10 a severe tympanic retraction, but only 8 out of these 32 cases had signs of conductive hearing loss (average loss 20 dB on frequencies from 500 to 2000 Hz). Further complications observed in this follow-up have been perforations (6 cases) and one case of migration of the tube into the tympanic cavity. No cholesteatoma has been observed in our series. A few considerations can be drawn from these observations: insertion of grommets, correctly performed in the anterior-inferior part of the drum appears to prevent a large percentage of recurrencies, and should therefore be considered, even in the long-term, an adequate prophylaxis for the otitis-prone child; complications as seen during a long follow-up period are relatively few, can be cured, and have a modest functional impact. PMID- 6526583 TI - Auditory brainstem response in NICU infants. AB - To assess the I-V interpeak latency (I-V IPL) as an index of neural development in a premature population, auditory brainstem response (ABR) performed on 145 ears of 89 neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) infants was analyzed. The obtained I-V IPLs were compared with conceptional age and risk factors such as neonatal asphyxia, respiratory distress, metabolic disorders, etc. Those infants who received phototherapy or aminoglycoside antibiotics had statistically significant prolongation of I-V IPL. Thus, measurement of I-V IPL might be a valuable monitor against risk factors. PMID- 6526584 TI - Clinical use of rhinomanometry in children. AB - To investigate Passive Anterior Rhinomanometry (PAR), several clinical experiments were set up to explore in children aged 3-6 years the nasal resistance in various normal and pathological situations, in order to determine the role of rhinomanometry in clinical situations in young children. It was shown that the nasal cycle in children differs greatly from that in adults, showing a regular undulating pattern of nasal resistance, but without alternating phenomena. There are also quite regular fluctuations with a short period of about 90 s. Physical exercise and changes in body position have also, in children, a definite influence on nasal resistance. PAR in various pathological situations of the nasal cavity gave a wide range of individual results. It was, however, found that children with a nasal septum deviation, with a pronounced nasal edema, and with serous and purulent nasal secretions had a higher nasal resistance than children without nasal pathology. Because of the spontaneous and evoked changes in nasal resistance in children and because of the large standard deviations of nasal resistance values in pathological situations, clinicians should interpret the results of a one-time rhinomanometrical measurement very carefully. PMID- 6526585 TI - Teratomas of the head and neck in infancy and childhood. AB - Teratomas of the head and neck make up only 9% of tumours occurring during childhood. They may occur within the upper aerodigestive tract or outside it in the neck. In either case they may present a life-threatening airway obstruction, which sometimes can occur at birth. We report the case of a child who presented at birth with a mass in the left submandibular region, and who subsequently developed a tumour at the upper pole of the left tonsil. Both lesions were teratomas with a similar histological composition. The significance of this is discussed in terms of the theories that have been previously advanced to explain the development of teratomas. Both tumours have been removed and the child remains well and free of recurrence. PMID- 6526586 TI - Mass spectrometric studies of some synaptosomal and synthetic peptides. AB - Mass spectra were recorded using direct inlet and electron impact ionization from two synthetic peptides, N-acetyl-aspartyl-4-aminobutyric acid and gamma-glutamyl taurine and a natural peptide, N-acetyl-aspartyl-glycyl-alanyl-aspartyl-serine, isolated from calf brain synaptosomes. The peptides were studied either underivatized or first acetylated with acetic acid anhydride and then permethylated with methyl iodide. The synthetic peptides were used to check the completeness of the derivatization reactions. PMID- 6526587 TI - Temporal stability of multichannel, multimodal ERP recordings. AB - Personnel assessment applications of event related brain potentials (ERP) require temporal stability. Visual, auditory and bimodal ERP records were obtained about two hours apart for a group of young adult males. Similar records were obtained from a group of older adults about two months apart. No ERP amplitude or temporal stability differences were found between the two groups. Age was positively correlated with visual stability measures and negatively correlated with auditory stability measures. No correlation of age with bimodal stability measures was found. Large individual subject differences were found for the ERP analog waveform and temporal stability. The ERPs were highly stable within subjects from session to session, whether recorded hours or months apart. Greatest stability was obtained for bimodal presentation, less for visual and least for the auditory records. Differences in patterns of waveform stability were found for site and modality conditions across individuals. PMID- 6526588 TI - Different emotional tones significantly affect recognition performance in patients with Korsakoff psychosis. AB - The performance in reidentifying photographs was measured in alcoholic Korsakoff patients, in non-amnesic alcoholics and in a control group. The photographs showed well-known and unknown faces and buildings and alcoholic and nonalcoholic beverages. A minimum of 15 min elapsed between the end of the original presentation of the series and the beginning of its second presentation within a large number of additional photographs. Korsakoff patients were significantly inferior in number of correctly reidentified items compared to alcoholics who were in turn significantly inferior to the control group. Korsakoff patients manifested the poorest performance in the reidentification of unknown pictures and of nonalcoholic beverages; they showed, however, comparatively good performance in the reidentification of alcoholic beverages and of known faces. Independent of the category of the stimulus material, the Korsakoff patients had low confidence in their responses. It is concluded from these data that the emotional tone of material to be remembered constitutes a major variable for delayed effective retrieval. PMID- 6526589 TI - Differential effects of feedback sensitivity upon learned control of skin temperature. AB - Ninety subjects participated in a skin temperature biofeedback study concerning the effects of feedback sensitivity. Subjects were randomly assigned to a high sensitivity, low sensitivity, or a no-feedback condition. Based upon previous research, it was predicted that the low sensitivity condition would produce superior skin temperature warming and greater reduction of autonomic arousal. Also, it was predicted that both feedback conditions would be superior to the no feedback condition for skin temperature control and reduction of autonomic arousal. The results indicated that low sensitivity feedback was not superior to high sensitivity feedback for skin temperature control, but did produce greater reduction of autonomic variables. The prediction that feedback was superior to no feedback was also confirmed. PMID- 6526590 TI - Hemisphere-specific deficits on cognitive/perceptual tasks following REM sleep deprivation. AB - Current research and theory support the position that there are diurnal changes in the relative functional dominance of the hemispheres in the "normal" population. In one example of this position, Bakan (1978) has stated that REM sleep allows for right hemisphere dominance with a relative absence of left hemisphere interference. The present study involved pre- and postREM deprivation visual presentation of cognitive/perceptual performance tasks that had previously been demonstrated to have lateralizing value. Ten right-handed adult males each spent three nights in a sleep laboratory completing these tasks and a variety of questionnaires. After REM deprivation, performance decreased on right hemisphere tasks presented to the right hemisphere first. However, left-hemisphere-first presentation of one of the right hemisphere tasks (facial recognition) actually resulted in performance improvement after REM deprivation. This improvement was attributed to a suppression or diminution of capacity of the primary processing style of the left hemisphere. Results are further discussed in terms of Bakan's theory, the different processing "styles" of the two hemispheres, possible functions of REM and relationships of the biological cycles to possible shifts in cerebral laterality. PMID- 6526591 TI - Spacetime body maps and somatosensory evoked potentials. AB - Scalp-recorded somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) in humans and dogs suggest that it takes longer for peripheral information to reach the brain from the anogenital perineum than from the distal hind limbs, in spite of a shorter afferent pathway. The delay seems to be centrally determined, rostral to the lumbar segments, rather than by slower conduction velocities in the peripheral pudendal-sacral afferents. Thus the mammalian brain may temporally conserve the spatial sequence of segmental inputs in spite of variable afferent pathway lengths and/or conduction velocities. Human SEPs indicate the arrival timetable in cortex to be ordered: Lips, fingers, toes, genitals, anus; with a delay between lips and anogenital perineum of 30-40 msec. This delay is comparable to the interpair-interval threshold for human detection of two successive tactile events on the fingers, while ambiguous temporal defusion of two successive identical stimuli can be perceived down to objective separations of about 15 msec. It is suggested that, whereas the metric tensor model proposes central correction of asynchronous sensorimotor signals within an approximately 30 msec predictive function by cerebellar circuitry (in order to avoid spatial distortion in a spacetime tensor of sensorimotor processing), the brain may use longer time differences between proximal and distal receptive fields to develop a Cartesian, four-dimensional body map within its adaptive, behavioral world. PMID- 6526592 TI - Oculomotor function in Wernicke-Korsakoff's syndrome: I. Saccadic eye movements. AB - Saccadic eye movements from three patients diagnosed as having Korsakoff's syndrome and one patient who had suffered the acute Wernicke stage of the disorder were examined for changes in saccadic characteristics. The three Korsakoff patients showed increased saccadic latencies; two of the three also had reduced saccadic peak velocities and increased saccadic durations. A higher than expected incidence of hypometric saccades was also found in all four patients; saccadic intrusions were recorded in two Korsakoff patients. These abnormal oculomotor responses were found 2-7 years after the onset of the Korsakoff's syndrome and are consistent with the cerebellar and frontal lobe dysfunction reported in this patient group. PMID- 6526593 TI - Oculomotor function in Wernicke-Korsakoff's syndrome: II. Smooth pursuit eye movements. AB - Smooth pursuit eye movements were studied in three patients with alcoholic Korsakoff's syndrome, one with Wernicke's encephalopathy, and an age-matched control. Horizontal smooth pursuit eye movements were abnormal in all patients: peak eye velocity and the ability to sustain smooth eye velocity were reduced. Also, smooth pursuit gain began to decrease at relatively low target velocities (i.e., 8-10 degrees). These data demonstrate a severe disturbance in smooth pursuit function long after the clinically apparent oculomotor abnormalities have passed. PMID- 6526594 TI - A moving video window or a mask yoked to eye movements: experiments on letters, words and biological movement with prolonged hemifield stimulation. AB - We describe the first use of a new technique, which permits prolonged presentation to one or other visual field of complex, realistic, "ecologically valid" stimuli. An infrared eye movement transducer is linked to a visual display such that an electronic mask (of adjustable dimensions) or, alternatively, a "window" can be made to move as consequence of eye movements. The mask can be made to move exactly with the initiating eye movement, or with positive gain, or in the opposite direction (with or without gain), or in both directions simultaneously ("scissoring"). Alternatively, the apparatus can be set to blank the entire display should an eye movement occur with an excursion greater than a preset criterion level. The display itself can be either computer generated or can consist of a pre-recorded video film. We report preliminary findings with this apparatus. When subjects detected a letter target in a three-by-three letter matrix of laterally presented letters, exposure durations from 50 msec to 400 msec showed consistent right visual field (RVF) superiorities. (Nor was there any evidence of left visual-field, LVF, superiorities at very brief exposures as others have claimed.) Equally strong RVF superiorities also appeared when subjects decided whether or not two simultaneously and laterally presented (for 500 msec) words rhymed, the word pairs being phonologically and orthographically similar (DOWN-GOWN), phonologically similar and orthographically distinct (FARE HAIR), phonologically distinct and orthographically similar (MOWN-DOWN), or both phonologically and orthographically distinct (FORT-GOAT). Finally, Johansson's (1973, 1976) biological movement procedure was adapted for lateral viewing, with unlimited exposure times. However, the predicted LVF superiority did not eventuate, when subjects decided whether moving points of light, attached to the limbs of darkened walkers, were worn by males or females. Further possible applications of this technique are described for normal and clinical subjects. PMID- 6526595 TI - Cephalic and digital vasomotor orienting responses: the effect of response localization, stimulus type and stimulus repetition. AB - Two studies are reported; the first dealing with vascular responses in the head area and in finger to tone, bell and mental arithmetic stimuli, the second, with the same responses to a series of 20 tones. Dilation responses from the head area were considerably less frequently obtained to pure tone than the other three stimuli, even on first exposure. This may account for some of the disparities in results between Eastern and Western European investigators. Habituation to tone from the head, and to a lesser extent from the finger, involved a shift from vasodilative to vasoconstrictive responses. However, a series of 20 tones was not sufficient to demonstrate habituation of the vasoconstrictive response. The shift from vasodilative to vasoconstrictive responses from the head area is not concordant with Sokolovian notions of the latter response being associated with defensive responses, unless one considers the possibility that the experimental situation becomes aversive over the experimental period. This possibility is explored in the paper. PMID- 6526596 TI - Biochemical vitamin B6 deficiency in adults with chronic glomerulonephritides with and without the nephrotic syndrome. AB - Thirty four patients suffering from chronic glomerulonephritides with and without the nephrotic syndrome and with an average age of 35 years were studied. Twenty eight of the patients underwent renal biopsy, as part of their management, and the histological classification was as follows: 7 membranous glomerulonephritis, 3 proliferative glomerulonephritis, 11 mesangiocapillary glomerulonephritis, 2 minimal change disease, 2 mesangial proliferative and 3 diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis. Fourteen of the patients were on therapeutic diets mainly high protein - low salt and low cholesterol. Eighty three per cent of these patients were found to be biochemically deficient in vitamin B6 as judged by plasma pyridoxal-5-phosphate levels. No correlations were found between vitamin B6 and serum albumin, histological type of renal disease, duration of illness or serum cholesterol. By contrast, none of the patients with histologically similar disease that were daily receiving 25mg pyridoxine orally at the time of study were deficient. The importance of vitamin B6 deficiency in the nephrotic syndrome is discussed and it would appear that supplementary vitamin B6 should form part of the overall management of these patients. PMID- 6526597 TI - The assessment of the vitamin B6 status among Egyptian school children by measuring the urinary cystathionine excretion. AB - A metabolic study was carried out on 19 school boys and girls (age 7-13 years) to assess their vitamin B6 status. The metabolic study was divided in five different periods, basal (A), post-methionine loading (B), one (C) and two (D) week after oral vitamin B6 therapy (50 mg/day) and post-methionine. Mean cystathionine excretion (beta mol/24 h) increased significantly (p less than 0.01) at stage B compared to mean values obtained at stage A reflecting a deficit in the vitamin B6 nutriture. Vitamin B6 therapy corrected the deficiency and the utilization of administered methionine. PMID- 6526598 TI - Effect of L-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-dopa) and methionine on tissue S adenosylmethionine concentrations in cobalamin-inactivated fruit bats. AB - The fruit bat Rousettus aegyptiacus develops cobalamin deficiency when exposed to the gas nitrous oxide (N2O). The effect of dietary methionine (600 mg/kg fruit) or L-3, 4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-dopa, 100 mg/kg body weight daily) on brain and liver S-adenosylmethionine (AdoMet) concentrations, and on the neurological impairment was studied. Methionine supplementation significantly delayed the onset of neurological impairment (p less than 0.01) and resulted in a 2.4 fold increase in liver AdoMet levels. Brain AdoMet levels were unchanged. L-dopa, which is methylated by means of AdoMet did not aggravate the N2O-induced neuropathy but did lower, albeit insignificantly, brain AdoMet levels. The results do not support the hypothesis that the neurological impairment and death in cobalamin inactivated bats is a result of a depletion of methionine or AdoMet in the nervous system. PMID- 6526600 TI - Ascorbic acid changes in brain. AB - The level of ascorbic acid in the brain of growing rats was not influenced by efforts to accelerate neural activity. Treatments used to depress neural activity included thyroidectomy which produced a 13%-20% loss of ascorbic acid in cortical and cerebellar tissue and diazepam which produced a significant rise in the cerebellum. Ethanol and barbital were without effect. PMID- 6526599 TI - Influence of dietary ascorbic acid on cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase activity in the rat. AB - An experiment was carried out to determine whether dietary excess of ascorbic acid inhibits cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase activity and elevates cholesterol levels in the rat, as previously observed in the guinea pig. Male, weanling Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a cereal-based diet supplemented with 0, 0.5, 10.0, or 20.0 g ascorbate/kg for 45 days. Ascorbate supplementation did not alter plasma ascorbate levels in the rat, but did increase hepatic ascorbate at the highest dietary intakes (10.0 and 20.0 g ascorbate/kg diet). Ascorbate supplementation had no effect upon plasma and liver cholesterol levels or cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase activity. Under the experimental conditions employed, the rat appears resistant to ascorbate-induced alteration of sterol metabolism. PMID- 6526601 TI - Nutritional status of the elderly. III. Vitamin nutriture of elderly pensioners in Perugia. AB - The thiamin, riboflavin, vitamin C, vitamin A, folacin, and vitamin B12 nutriture was assessed in a longitudinal study in 206 aged pensioners of the city of Perugia. The prevalence of thiamin and riboflavin malnutrition, particularly in men, was rather high. Unexpectedly low values of plasma vitamin C were not uncommon among men. For folacin there were a large number of individuals with low plasma levels, while the plasma levels of vitamin A and B12 is in general satisfactory. As in other studies, no significant correlation between vitamin nutriture and intake was found. PMID- 6526602 TI - Nutritional status of the elderly. IV. Nutritional knowledge, food preferences and life styles connected with the nutritional process. AB - On 106 women and 101 men aged 65 and over, elderly pensioners of the city of Perugia (Italy), a survey was carried out to identify their nutritional knowledge, their food preferences and some life styles connected with the nutritional process. The group of elderly people demonstrates a low level of nutritional knowledge. Meat, pasta and soup are the most suitable foods, with no great difference between males and females. Vegetables, fruit, milk and cheese are indicated as important only by low percentages of both sexes, fish, eggs, offal and rice are practically ignored. From the analysis of the sequency with which the various foods are indicated, it appears that a greater importance is attributed to pasta and soup. A higher percentage of women think that meat is a more suitable food for elderly people, and in respect to the men, they have a greater preference for this food. The harmfulness of foods is concentrated in the fatty foods by both sexes, but in particular by the women. Foods which are given up with the greatest sacrifice are mainly cakes, meat and pasta. Women and men show similar percentages of energy expenditure both in time and in frequency in relation to sleep and sedentary activities. For the activities that require a greater energy expenditure, the values are relatively low. This group of elderly people is well integrated into family life. They usually eat their meals with their families. There are frequent occasions when they are at home alone for periods of time that vary from two to four hours of more a day. The percentage of people living alone is small. PMID- 6526603 TI - Maternal diet and mental retardation in southern Georgia, USA. AB - The diet of each of 250 mothers was correlated with the I.Q. (intelligence quotient) of her child. When the I.Q. was above 90, no systematic relationship was observed. Below an I.Q. of 70, all mothers consumed a similar diet--one with a smaller amount and variety of fruits and vegetables, but larger amounts of yams, greens, corn, rice and dry legumes. This diet was uniquely deficient in none of the common nutrients. It seems more possible, therefore, that the correlation with diet could be due to the presence of a toxicant, such as aflatoxin. PMID- 6526604 TI - Phospholipid-protein ratio in brain of suckling rabbits treated with an organophosphorus compound. AB - The effect of dichlorvos on phospholipids and proteins in brain of suckling rabbits has been studied by treating the animals with dichlorvos by oral gavage for 10 days starting on the 6th day of life. In 16-day-old animals a significant decrease of amino-acid concentrations in plasma was found; the concentration and synthesis of protein were lowered in their brains. The phospholipid pattern studied in the brain hippocampus exhibited changes in proportions of particular phospholipids. The ratio of phospholipids to proteins significantly increased in some brain regions. It is concluded that a phospholipid-protein imbalance in the brain of animals chronically intoxicated with organophosphorus compounds may be a primary cause of the multifocal changes in that organ. PMID- 6526605 TI - Morphological and histochemical study on the adrenal cortex of the dexamethasone treated albino rat. AB - Morphological and histochemical examinations of the changes induced in the adrenal cortex by the administration of Dexamethasone (Decadron phosphate) to rats for 14 consecutive days were made at intervals during a 28-day post treatment period, in order to follow the histo-functional recovery of this gland from the changes induced. The modifications that had occurred by the end of the treatment consisted of a decrease in the width of the zona fasciculata and the zona reticularis, an increase in the lipidic content, and degenerative mitochondrial signs in the zona glomerularis. Seven days after discontinuing treatment, we observed the disappearance of the zona intermedia, which reappeared on the 14th day after treatment. From this day on, the adrenal gland tended progressively to complete recovery. Dexamethasone therefore produces both short term and long-term morphological and histochemical changes in all the adrenocortical zonae. PMID- 6526606 TI - Test for postischaemic hyperaemia: a means of clinical assessment of microcirculatory reactivity in tissues of patients with liability to seasonal ischaemic noxae. AB - The postischaemic hyperaemia test has been employed to study 30 cases, with a tendency to seasonal exacerbation, 5 at bronchial and 25 at articular level. It was found that in these cases with a tendency to seasonal peaks as many as 73% show an excessive postischaemic hyperaemia even in the phase of clinical normality. This excess regresses (strongly in 33% of the cases, very well in 47%, and moderately in 20%) after the administration of non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs. By using physiocrenological treatments with waters of high iodine content (baths and aerosol-type inhalations) it is possible to obtain in over 60% of the cases (after an initial increase, a so-called thermal crisis) a definite attenuation of the postischaemic hyperaemia. The study points out the clinical usefulness of the test in sorting out the cases in which drugs might induce an iatrogenic block of the physiological hyperaemia due to work. PMID- 6526607 TI - Cutaneous horn (cornu cutaneum). AB - A cutaneous horn (Cornu Cutaneum) is a relatively rare tumour, most often arising on sun-exposed skin in elderly men, usually after the Vth decade. The tumor is often conical, consisting of marked retention of stratum corneum. This lesion can be caused by many primary underlying processes that may be benign, premalignant or malignant, thus the importance of accurate determination of the nature of the conditions at the base of the lesion. Surgery is the treatment of choice. We describe an illustrative case with cutaneous horn of the forearm. We also review various known causes of cutaneous horn and the pertinent literature. PMID- 6526608 TI - Emergency carotid surgery. AB - The authors discuss the indications for emergency carotid endarterectomy, based on their experience between 1956 and 1975 when 15 patients with completed stroke and internal carotid occlusion (Group I) underwent this operation, and after 1975 when emergency revascularization was performed in 22 patients with unstable neurological deficit (Group II) and 21 patients with TIA's associated with preocclusive internal carotid stenosis (Group III). The good early and late results show that surgery was indicated in these cases. An attempt to identify the patients at high risk of acute ischemia on the basis of clinical or anatomical findings is made to ascertain the physiopathologic patterns of cerebral ischemia. PMID- 6526609 TI - Surgical treatment of bilateral carotid artery lesions. AB - Sixty-eight patients (7.1% of all cases) underwent bilateral carotid thrombo endarterectomy, with one peroperative death due to permanent vascular cerebral ischemia. Two patients were re-operated (saphenous vein) for a thrombosis which had given rise to a totally regressive transient ischemia. The usual surgical technique was not modified for bilateral lesions, and the follow-up was similar. The evolutive risk of bilateral lesions was higher than that for isolated lesions as the risk of an accident after unilateral surgery in bilateral cases remained higher. As regards the surgical technique, we did not observe significant differences between the stump pressures according to the side operated. A one week interval between the two surgical stages seems necessary and sufficient. Operative indications are studied except in cases of bilateral lesions which are asymptomatic or with former TIA, where surgery is considered mandatory. PMID- 6526610 TI - Management of asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis. AB - No topic in the field of vascular surgery evokes more controversy than the management of the patient with asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis. The fact remains, however, that patients can and do develop stroke without any antecedent TIA, and there is no definite and predictable way to identify the stroke-prone group. Despite considerable differences of opinion in the literature, our evaluation and experience suggest that certain carotid lesions do in fact carry a high risk of stroke without surgical treatment. We continue to recommend prophylactic carotid endarterectomy for selected asymptomatic carotid lesions. A critical review of the published literature reveals that many series which suggest that nonoperative treatment of asymptomatic carotid disease carries a low stroke risk have in fact followed the patients for an inadequate period of time, and frequently do not adequately define the extent of carotid artery disease. It is now clear that studies which use the presence or absence of carotid bruit alone as a marker for subsequent stroke risk, show a relatively low incidence of stroke during brief follow-up periods. If more objective criteria such as non invasive tests or angiography are used to identify hemodynamically significant stenoses, then the risk of stroke increases with the length of follow-up. The data suggest that high-grade stenoses, particularly preocclusive ones, and deep or compound ulcers have an unfavorable prognosis. The physician who treats patients with asymptomatic carotid stenosis should make every attempt to accurately quantitate the extent of disease. Non-invasive studies, digital subtraction angiography or conventional cerebral arteriography should be performed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6526611 TI - Restenosis after carotid artery surgery. AB - From an English language review and a review of the author's experience, the incidence of recurrent stenosis after carotid artery surgery is reported as varying from 0.5 to as high as 19%. Two types of lesions are identified: fibromuscular hyperplasia occurring after less than two years and secondary atherosclerosis beyond that period of time. The response to injury of the arterial wall is reviewed at the cellular level with speculations as to etiology of the lesions. Careful, thorough follow-up examination is strongly recommended. PMID- 6526612 TI - Amebic liver abscess: a report of 100 cases. AB - Amebic abscess of the liver occurs in about 10% of cases of amebic colitis. The clinical features and laboratory data in 100 patients over a period of three years are presented. Interesting clinical observations were afebrile presentation in 14% and jaundice in 9% of cases. Most of the liver function tests were of no diagnostic value. However, elevated alkaline phosphatase in 69% of cases, in the presence of normal SGOT and SGPT levels, is significant. Hepatic scan, indirect hemagglutination test and splenoportogram are useful collateral aids in its diagnosis. Peritoneal rupture occurred in two cases only. In general, the response to specific anti-amebic therapy combined with aspiration of the abscess was highly satisfactory. Open drainage of the abscess is advocated if a secondary infection supervenes. PMID- 6526613 TI - The effect of phenylbutazone on acute hemorrhagic pancreatitis in the rat. AB - The effect of phenylbutazone on acute experimental pancreatitis was investigated in the rat. Severe necrotico-hemorrhagic pancreatitis was produced by intraductal injection of trypsin. Pretreatment by phenylbutazone did not alter the mortality rate but reduced the severity of pancreatitis as was demonstrated by histological quantification (total score 13.35 +/- 0.80 in treated rats versus 17.67 +/- 0.69 in the control group; P less than 0.01). The protective effect of phenylbutazone seems to be related to the specific anti-inflammatory properties of the drug and not to inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis. PMID- 6526614 TI - Venous grafting in femoropopliteal obstructions: a 16-year experience. AB - Over 15 years, 172 femoropopliteal saphenous vein bypasses were performed on 151 patients with chronic obstructive arterial disease. Follow-up varied from a minimum of six months to a maximum of 12 years. The operative mortality was 1.32%, the survival rates at five and ten years were 66.54% and 33.91% respectively, and the patency at five and ten years was 52.02% and 37.55%. The good results obtained, even in the majority of patients with trophic lesions and/or rest pain, indicate that direct arterial reconstruction should be considered the only effective treatment for saving a limb which would otherwise have to be amputated. PMID- 6526615 TI - Microstructural organization of carbon induced neotendon. AB - Experiments have been conducted in guinea pigs to replace the calcaneal tendon with carbon fibers. The new tendon formed has been studied macroscopically, histologically and by scanning electron microscopy, and shows a close resemblance to the normal tendinous structure but is adherent to the surrounding tissues. It is suggested that the surface characteristics of carbon fibers play an important role in that these attract and allow fibrinous exudate to spread on their surface, into which fibroblasts grow. This, together with the large surface area available, is probably responsible for the orderly longitudinal arrangement of collagen fibers parallel to the carbon fiber implant. PMID- 6526617 TI - A new manual injector for angiography. AB - An instrument suitable for angiographic procedures is described. Angiography using this injector is cheaper, easier and safer. The instrument has been used almost daily for the last two years in the Department of Vascular Surgery of the Santo Amaro Medical School of Sao Paulo with very good results. PMID- 6526616 TI - Improved pacemaker fixation and performance using a modified finned porous surfaced tip lead. AB - A simple method was used to modify the tip of a porous surfaced finned pacemaker lead. Comparison between the modified and the unmodified pacemaker electrodes was carried out in experimental animals and in humans. The incidence of early lead dislodgement, acute trapping and pacing thresholds was recorded. The study revealed improved overall performance with the modified pacemaker lead. PMID- 6526618 TI - Experience with the Erlangen magnetic ring colostomy-closure system. AB - The Erlangen magnetic ring for colostomy closure was used in 240 patients. Forty five rings were explanted because of infection, pressure necrosis, parastomal hernia, invagination, prolapse and stenosis. Although continence was obtained in 68% of patients, only 43% of surviving patients are still using the system. Reasons given for not using the cap were pain and weight. Increased use of deep anterior resections and the introduction of irrigation and improved stoma bags have limited the indications for the use of the magnetic ring. PMID- 6526619 TI - The use of prosthetic material in rectopexies. AB - Among the 80 different techniques that have been devised to repair rectal prolapse, abdominal rectopexies are the most suitable. The majority of these operations secure the rectum to the sacrum by means of a prosthetic material. Ripstein's technique, in USA, and Wells procedure, in Great Britain, have gained wide acceptance, despite a rather high rate of complications. A modified technique has been recently proposed by Keighley et al., with excellent results. From 1979 to 1982, 20 patients were operated upon in our department for rectal prolapse. The mean age of the patients was 43 years, and there was a rather high percentage of male patients (30%). Eleven exhibited an obvious external prolapse patients (30%). Eleven exhibited an obvious external prolapse but the others complained of the "occult rectal prolapse syndrome". The Orr-Loygue procedure, that secures the rectum to the sacral promontory by means of two strips of nylon mesh, was performed in all these cases. No mortality was observed and the morbidity was minimal. No infectious complications occurred. The procedure was performed without sexual consequences in the young patients. Clinical, endoscopic and cineradiographic checks illustrate that the Orr-Loygue rectopexy is an efficient treatment of both incipient intussusception and external prolapse, and offers good control of most associated troubles. But a longer survey is necessary before definitive conclusions may be drawn. PMID- 6526620 TI - The influence of the surgical scrub on hand bacterial flora. AB - The skin bacterial flora of subjects who scrub their hands routinely was compared to subjects who usually do not scrub their hands, to determine the influence of the surgical scrub on the skin bacterial population. Aerobic, anaerobic and yeast cultures of 15 surgical residents and 15 internal medicine residents were obtained. The skin bacterial population of 15 medical students rotating through surgery was also determined to assess the influence of hand contact with infected wounds on the bacterial flora. The medical students had been in contact with infected wounds as had the surgical residents, but they had not been scrubbing their hands. The internal medicine residents had not been in contact with infected wounds or scrubbing their hands. The number of bacteria cultured from the medical students was superior to the bacterial count obtained from internal medicine residents, but inferior to the number of microorganisms isolated from surgical residents (p less than 0.01). Pathogenic bacteria were isolated from cultures of eight surgical residents, five medical students and one internal medicine resident. Yeast was cultured from one surgical resident's hand. This study indicates that both the frequent contact with infected wounds and the routine use of the ten minute surgical scrub may modify the bacterial flora of the hand. The alterations observed in the two situations were an increased number of both pathogenic and nonpathogenic bacteria. PMID- 6526621 TI - Sugar in the treatment of infected surgical wounds. AB - Forty-two patients with infected wounds were treated with common sugar. In all cases, the infections cleared within five to 30 days. PMID- 6526622 TI - Cervical block anesthesia in thyroidectomy. AB - Seven hundred and sixteen (716) patients with pathological thyroid gland conditions underwent surgical management during the period 1956 to 1981. Of these, 433 (60.0%) cases underwent surgery under cervical block anesthesia. Lobectomy was performed in 47 (10.8%) cases, subtotal thyroidectomy in 91 (21%) cases and bilateral subtotal thyroidectomy in 295 (68.2%) cases. Complications such as phonation changes (hoarseness), swelling and hematoma at the injection sites were observed in 27 (6.2% cases). No mortality nor serious complications, attributable to cervical block anesthesia, were encountered during this time. PMID- 6526623 TI - Therapeutic and prognostic problems in lung cancer with mediastinal lymph node involvement. AB - From January 1st, 1978 to 31st December, 1981, 28 patients with lung cancer and mediastinal lymph node metastases, underwent surgery. In four patients, only exploration was performed, in five patients, an incomplete resection and in 19 patients, a complete resection (resectability rate 86%). In the first two groups of patients, survival never exceeded two years. In the 'complete resection' group, 78% of the patients survived for one year, 61% for two years and 47% for three years. Patients with adenocarcinoma had a higher three year survival rate than those with squamous cell carcinoma (60% vs. 37%). No 30-day mortality was observed. All patients were treated postoperatively with MACC + BCG. The prognosis of lung cancer classified as N2 is strongly influenced by a series of factors some of which are included in the TNM system. In any case, it would still appear that the best treatment for this kind of tumor is radical surgical resection followed by adjuvant radiotherapy and/or multichemotherapy. PMID- 6526624 TI - The management of non-neoplastic esophageal perforation. AB - The clinical features, management and prognosis of non-neoplastic esophageal perforation are evaluated in a clinical series of 29 patients. Five of 12 spontaneous ruptures were caused by vomiting after alcoholic intake. There were 12 iatrogenic perforations, five of which were caused by esophageal dilatation, four by diagnostic endoscopy and three by endoscopic removal of foreign bodies. Most cases were diagnosed by esophagogram. The delay in reaching the right diagnosis was less than 12 hours in 11 cases and more than 48 hours in ten cases. Management was surgical in 25 cases and conservative in four cases. The operative procedures used were direct suture closure in 15 cases, drainage in eight cases and esophageal resection in two cases. The overall mortality rate was 24%. Ten out of 11 perforations treated surgically within 12 hours of the perforation were cured and seven of 15 patients treated by primary closure recovered without complications. PMID- 6526625 TI - Early gastric cancer: evaluation of diagnostic, clinicopathologic and therapeutic aspects in 60 cases. AB - A series of 60 patients with early gastric cancer (EGC) operated on from 1.1.1971 to 31.5.1983 is reviewed; since three cases had two and another case even had three synchronous primitive neoplastic lesions, a total of 65 EGC are reported. A prevalence of the "ulcerated" types, a large variability of lesion size and a prevalence of location along the lesser curvature and the antrum was observed; 38 EGC (58.46%) were confined to the mucosa (m), 27 (41.54%) also involved the submucosa; histologically, 53 EGC (81.54%) were of the intestinal type, and 12 (18.46%) were of the diffuse type. Associated lesions, above all chronic atrophic gastritis, intestinal metaplasia and adenomatous gastric polyps were often found. Clinical symptoms were not very specific (epigastric pain, abdominal distension, vomit, dyspepsia, GI hemorrhage) whereas x-ray and endoscopic evaluation had a very high diagnostic accuracy. Our policy is to perform curative resection for gastric cancer, in the form of partial or total gastrectomy with the removal of first level (n1) and second level (n2) lymph node groups and occasionally additional resection of enlarged lymph nodes in the tertiary (n3) group when metastases are suspected. All our patients have been followed up in order to detect any recurrences or metastases. PMID- 6526626 TI - Hepatico-jejuno-duodenoplasty for biliary stricture. AB - The authors present the results of their experience in the therapy of biliary strictures, using a jejunal loop interposed between the biliary tract and duodenum. This procedure allows extensive biliary discharge and aims to prevent the pathophysiologic disturbances of gastroduodenal functions, which result from Roux-en-Y anastomosis, and has the advantages of both Roux-en-Y and choledochoduodenostomy procedures. The authors report nine years positive experience with this technique. No gastroduodenal postoperative complaints are reported in their series, whereas an 8% incidence of duodenal ulcers is reported after Roux-en-Y anastomoses. PMID- 6526627 TI - Ascariasis of the gallbladder: report of two cases and review of the literature. AB - Ascariasis of the gallbladder, unlike ascariasis of the bile duct, is a rare entity. The authors add two cases to the 39 already reported in the literature, and discuss the clinical features, diagnosis and management of this condition. PMID- 6526628 TI - Double layer versus single layer intestinal anastomosis: a clinical trial. AB - One hundred and seventy two cases requiring bowel resection for various intestinal conditions were randomly selected for use of the double or single layer technique, for the end-to-end anastomosis. It was observed that the return of bowel function was quicker in the single layer group than in the double layer group, and the incidence of anastomotic leakage was lower in the former group. PMID- 6526629 TI - Management of forearm pronator teres contractures. AB - The authors report the results of their management of 14 forearm pronator teres contractures resulting from cerebral palsy. In almost every case, treatment was started with orthopedic splints and physiotherapy followed by the Gosset Scaglietti technique and, one year later, Stoffel surgery, as proposed by Bastos Mora in order to denervate the hypertonic pronator teres, was performed. The results were good in 80% of cases, fair in 16% and poor in 4%. PMID- 6526630 TI - Combined neurosurgical-orthopedic approach to the correction of radiculopathy and instability in spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis. AB - The authors give a brief review of the pathologic anatomy, the incidence and distribution, the probable etiologic factors in the development of spondylolysis and spondylisthesis, and a description of the clinical syndrome of this abnormality. It is pointed out that there are two distinct parts to the clinical syndrome: back pain due to instability of the isthmic defect and/or radiculopathy due to direct compression of the lumbar nerve root in its course immediately beneath the osteocartilaginous deformity which is the primary pathologic feature of this disorder. It is suggested that the variable benefits of the several operative procedures advocated for this disorder are largely related to fortuitous removal of some of the osteocartilaginous deformity and/or stabilization of the isthmic defects. Other writers have advocated fusion as a necessary part of any operative intervention for the treatment of spondylolysis. The authors here agree with this viewpoint and in addition, feel that complete and precise removal of the isthmic deformity is an equally imperative part of such surgery. While the principles of isthmic decompression combined with fusion are not innovative, the operative technique described here is innovative, simple, and precise, and has been followed by a high rate of excellent results. PMID- 6526631 TI - Tracheoesophageal fistula as a result of bronchial artery infusion therapy. AB - A case of acquired tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF) is reported. The cause of TEF was thought to be multiple bronchial artery infusions of anticancer drugs which presumably caused necrosis of the trachea and esophageal wall. Recurrent aspiration pneumonia was the main finding. Definite diagnosis was made by esophagoscopy and confirmed by bronchoscopy and chest CT scan. Successful palliative treatment was achieved by bypassing the esophagus with the stomach via the retrosternal route under epidural anesthesia. PMID- 6526632 TI - Spontaneous rupture of the stomach: a rare complication of Nissen's fundoplication. AB - Spontaneous rupture of the stomach may occur in cases of abnormal distension and reduced emptying capacity, either by normal peristalsis or by vomiting, of the stomach. We present a case of spontaneous rupture of the stomach in which the dilatation was due to apple fermentation and gas formation in the stomach. Peristalsis was inadequate for stomach emptying due to impaction of apple skins in the duodenum. The inability to vomit was due to a Nissen fundoplication performed 18 months earlier. PMID- 6526633 TI - Pneumobilia as the sole radiographic finding in emphysematous cholecystitis. AB - Emphysematous cholecystitis is an uncommon variant of acute cholecystitis. Pneumobilia with air in the biliary radicles is rarely seen in the disease and has been previously described in only four cases which the author could find in the English literature. Herein, we report a fifth case and a brief review of the literature. PMID- 6526634 TI - Esophageal cancer and previous partial gastrectomy. PMID- 6526635 TI - Esophagectomy without thoracotomy: a critical approach. PMID- 6526636 TI - Trends in lung, stomach, breast and colorectal cancer in the Republic of Ireland. PMID- 6526637 TI - Studies on estradiol receptors in human mammary carcinomas. PMID- 6526638 TI - Phaeochromocytoma presenting in pregnancy. PMID- 6526639 TI - Rapid jejunal biopsy without radiological screening. PMID- 6526640 TI - Upper lobe bronchiectasis in the yellow nail syndrome: report of a case. PMID- 6526641 TI - Bilayer-micelle transition in phosphatidylcholine-sulfatide mixtures. AB - Sulfatides are membrane-bound glycosphingolipids which tend to associate in micellar forms in water. In this study, combining the data obtained by several techniques, including 31P-NMR, DTA calorimetry, freeze-fracture electron microscopy, trapped volume and turbidity measurements plus enzymatic determination of outer-side "marker ganglioside", have enabled us to establish that bilayered liposomes of phosphatidylcholine formed in the presence of increasing amounts of sulfatide are stable up to 30 mol % glycolipid. Above thus, bilayered lipids progressively start to break up into micellar forms with bilayer micelle transition complete at sulfatide concentrations above 80 mol %. The gel to-liquid-crystalline phase transition of a dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine sulfatide dispersion is shown to strongly influence the equilibrium between micellar and bilayered forms, the micelles being present at higher concentrations as the fluidity of the system decreases. The possibility that such structural transitions may occur in vivo and effectively contribute to the modulation of some biological properties of the membranes is discussed. PMID- 6526642 TI - Purification and properties of the cytoplasmic hexokinase from rabbit brain. AB - About 90% of the total hexokinase activity in rabbit brain was found to be associated with mitochondria while the remaining part was found in the cytosolic fraction. The soluble enzyme was purified 4,700-fold to near homogeneity by a combination of ion-exchange chromatography, dye-ligand chromatography and affinity chromatography. The purified enzyme showed a specific activity of 110 units/mg of protein and was obtained in 70% yield. The molecular weight of the purified hexokinase was found to be approximately 98,000 both for the native and the denatured enzyme. The isoelectric point, pI, was 6.2 pH units by isoelectric focusing and the enzyme was found to be able to phosphorylate several hexoses. Mg . ATP2-, among the nucleotide substrates, was the most effective phosphate donor. The properties of the purified cytoplasmatic hexokinase were compared with those of the solubilized mitochondrial enzyme. No significant differences were found in molecular weight, isoelectric point, pH dependence of activity, electrophoretic mobility and affinity for glucose and Mg.ATP2-. However, the temperature dependence of activity, and the specificity for several hexose substrates were markedly different. PMID- 6526643 TI - Proteoglycan modifications in cultured osteogenesis imperfecta skin fibroblasts. AB - The PGs produced in the growth medium by skin fibroblast cultures from two O.I. affected patients were investigated. After density gradient centrifugation, in the most dense fraction two main families of molecules appeared. The patient with the more severe clinical picture showed a lower content of the PGs with the highest molecular weight. The GAG composition of PGs was different in the two patients. The more severely affected one showed an increase of HS and a decrease of ChS content, in agreement with the lower value of galactosamine to glucosamine ratio in urinary GAGs. PMID- 6526644 TI - [Structure of the dermal lymph capillaries and their functional interpretation]. AB - The structure and function of the dermal lymphatics are described. The lymphatic system is considered to be an important part of the dermal microvascularisation. The characteristic ultrastructural features of the lymphatics were studied by electron microscopy. The lymphatic endothelial walls are closely connected with the connective tissue (interrupted basal lamina, lack of pericytes, elastic lamina and muscle cells), which makes possible the direct transmission of the pressure changes of the interstitial space to the initial lymphatics. The capillaries can change their dilatation rate due to the loose connection of the endothelial cells. The capillaries work like a piston. The valves (inlet and intralymphatic valves) ensure the centripetal lymph flow. It is assumed that the valves can change their form and position and that the intralymphatic valves (unicellular- and bunch valves) are rebuilt in order to fulfill the new requirements of the pressure variations. These valves help to direct the lymph flow. If the valve system is partially or completely insufficient, dermal lymph edema can develop. PMID- 6526645 TI - [Importance of the proliferating trichilemmal cyst]. AB - The biological behavior of proliferating trichilemmal cysts is commented on, based on two cases. Two female patients, 71 and 70 years of age, developed solitary monstrous tumours of the scalp in the course of repeatedly recurring trichilemmal cysts. The biological behaviour of both was marked by infiltration of the galea aponeurotica, and in the latter case, invasion of the calvaria and the venous sinuses of the brain with a lethal outcome. Histologically, the differentiation of the cyst walls ranged from pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia to areas largely lacking differentiation, indicating a trichilemmal carcinoma. Therefore, a more cautious evaluation of proliferating trichilemmal cysts, commonly underestimated as pseudocarcinomatous, is indicated. The second case in particular shows that on occasion an invasive carcinoma can arise in a trichilemmal cyst. Radical surgery can not only prevent recurrence with loss of differentiation, but also enable a better histological evaluation of the deep lying tumour tissue. PMID- 6526646 TI - [Malignant thymoma with polymorphic exanthema and erosive mucous membrane changes]. AB - We report on a 30-year-old female patient with therapy-refractory polymorphous exanthema and widespread erosions in the oral and genital mucosa. The alterations demonstrated in the skin and genital mucosa were associated with a malignant thymoma with metastases being interpretatet as a paraneoplastic syndrome. There was a remarkably large spectrum of circulating antibodies, which had no corresponding clinical correlation. Our examination results indicate a dysregulation between cellular and humoral immunity, obviously caused by the malignant thymoma, with an extraordinary, uncontrolled production of antibodies against structures belonging to the body and alien structures. PMID- 6526647 TI - [Trichoadenoma (Nikolowski). A clinical and histologic case report]. AB - "Trichoadenoma," which was described by Nikolowsky 25 years ago as an organoid follicular hamartoma, is today an independent and internationally recognized entity. On the basis of observations in one of our own cases, the clinical picture of trichoadenoma, its histogenesis and its position in the periodic system of the follicular nevi and tumors are discussed. In general, it deals with an benign growth, as so far no malignant transformation has been described. No decision has been made so far as to whether the trichoadenoma is a benign follicular tumor, a hamartoma or a follicular nevus. PMID- 6526648 TI - Intent to participate in worksite health promotion activities: a model of risk factors and psychosocial variables. AB - A model of risk factors and psychosocial variables that should enhance the prediction of participation in worksite health promotion programs was evaluated by a sample survey (10% random sample) of approximately 13,000 State employees in South Carolina. The response rate for the survey was 66.3%, n = 854. A split sample strategy was employed to develop and then validate the psychosocial model. Degree of satisfaction with one's current status and intent to change it were assessed in six health areas: weight, nutrition, exercise, cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, and the handling of stress and tension. In each area, a known risk factor was used to predict degree of satisfaction and intent to change. Variables from the psychosocial model were added in a step-wise regression procedure. The key variables in the psychosocial model were Personal Efficacy (specific to each of five areas), Job Stress, Trait Anxiety, and Health Knowledge. Risk factors contribute significantly to the prediction of dissatisfaction and intent to change in all areas except cigarette smoking and nutrition. The model of psychosocial factors contributed significantly to the prediction of dissatisfaction and intent to change in all areas. Personal Efficacy was significantly related both to dissatisfaction and intent to change, whereas the Job Stress and Anxiety variables were more effective in predicting dissatisfaction than intent to change. Health Knowledge had little direct or interactive effects on dissatisfaction or intent to participate. The implications of these findings for health promotion programs were examined. PMID- 6526650 TI - A sense-making approach to understanding adolescents' selection of health information sources. AB - The authors propose that information sources are best understood as constructed by individuals in an attempt to find answers to questions of immediate relevance. Contact profiles, or patterns of source use for particular information, determine what constitutes a source for an individual. The study explores how adolescents acquire and use health information. Data analyses based on a probability sample of 200 adolescents identified nine contact profiles and supported four study hypotheses. Contact profiles differ according to health topics and are related to message sending and seeking regarding human sexuality and birth control. Adolescents with peer-media, home-oriented or multi-source contact profiles about human sexuality and birth control were more likely than others to be the peer advisors on this topic, and those with peer-media and multi-source profiles the ones more likely to be the information seekers about it. Contact profiles are also related to adolescents' health decision making capacity. Adolescents with peer-media and multi-source profiles for human sexuality and birth control information and those with home-oriented profiles for alcohol and smoking information engaged in more health decision making steps than those with other profiles. Finally, contact profiles are also related to awareness and contact with new information sources. Adolescents with peer-oriented and multi-source profiles were more likely than others to be aware of and have contacted a new peer education program in the school. PMID- 6526651 TI - Alternate organization of alpha G-Philadelphia globin genes among U.S. black and Italian Caucasian heterozygotes. AB - Seven Hb G-Philadelphia (Hb G) heterozygotes from three Caucasian families from Northern Italy and Sardegna were found to have proportions of Hb G averaging 23%. This value is considerably lower than the 34% or 48% found in Blacks from the Southeastern U.S.A. in whom the alpha G gene is in linkage with alpha-thalassemia 2, i.e. the alpha o alpha G/alpha alpha or alpha o alpha G/alpha o alpha genotypes. Gene mapping identified tandem organization of the alpha G gene in cis with a normal alpha A gene, i.e. the alpha alpha G/alpha alpha genotype, among the Hb G heterozygotes from Italy. The data on the Italian heterozygotes are similar to those obtained by Bruzdzinski et al (14) on a Black family. These results indicate alternate organization of the alpha G genes probably across racial or ethnic boundaries. Comparison of the mean cellular globin amount of alpha G/alpha G gene/cell among Hb G heterozygotes with 4, 3, 2 or 1 alpha globin genes (i.e. alpha A + alpha G) revealed considerable reactivation of individual alpha genes in conditions of mild to severe alpha globin deficiencies. PMID- 6526649 TI - Assessing the effects of health promotion in worksites: a review of the stress program evaluations. AB - In a recent issue of Health Education Quarterly, Chen(1) reviewed the evaluations of worksite health promotion programs published in health education journals from 1980 through June 1983. He found few evaluations in the literature that used either quasi-experimental or experimental designs. This paper reviews the evaluations of stress reduction programs in the worksite, most of which were either published outside of health education journals or unpublished. Over one half of the studies used either experimental or quasi-experimental designs in the evaluations. This suggests that reviews of worksite health promotion program evaluations must encompass journals from a variety of disciplines. Recommendations for improving the evaluations of stress reduction programs in the worksite are included. PMID- 6526653 TI - Hemoglobin Shelby [beta 131(H9) Gln----Lys] a correction to the structure of hemoglobin Deaconess and hemoglobin Leslie. AB - Hemoglobin Shelby, detected in two unrelated black families, has an electrophoretic mobility like Hb F on cellulose acetate (pH 8.4) and a mobility between Hbs S and C on citrate agar (pH 6.2). Globin chain analysis in acid and alkaline buffers revealed an abnormal chain migrating between beta A and beta S. Tests for unstable hemoglobins were positive. Hematologic data on both families indicated carriers have mild anemia. The variant showed a slightly lower affinity for oxygen with normal cooperativity and Bohr effect, and its reactions with 2,3 diphosphoglycerate and inositol hexaphosphate were similar to those of Hb A. Sequence analysis indicated the substitution of lysine for glutamine at position 131 in the beta-chain. In a previous report (1) we described a variant, Hb Deaconess, in which this residue was deleted. On reexamination of the data, we find that Hb Deaconess is identical to Hb Shelby. PMID- 6526652 TI - Hemoglobin Chongqing [alpha 2(NA2)Leu----Arg] and hemoglobin Harbin [alpha 16(A14)Lys----Met] found in China. AB - Hemoglobin Chongqing is a new slowly-moving and unstable hemoglobin variant with a high oxygen affinity, that was discovered in five members of a Chinese family in the suburb of Chongqing. Hemoglobin Harbin is another new rapidly-moving hemoglobin variant with slightly reduced stability and slightly increased oxygen affinity, found in a Chinese woman living in Harbin. The relative amounts of these two variants in the propositi were about 9% and 18%, respectively. Sequence analyses identified a Leu----Arg substitution at position alpha 2(NA2) of Hb Chongqing, and a Lys----Met substitution at position alpha 16(A14) of Hb Harbin. PMID- 6526654 TI - Hb Leslie is the same as Hb Shelby or alpha 2 beta 2 131 (H9)Gln----Lys. PMID- 6526655 TI - Seven new cases of hemoglobin Camperdown alpha 2 beta 2 104(G6)Arg----Ser found in Malta, Sicily and Tunisia. PMID- 6526657 TI - Medical applications of computers in the hospital. PMID- 6526656 TI - Hemoglobin Deer Lodge [alpha 2 beta 22(NA2)His----Arg] in a Venezuelan family. PMID- 6526658 TI - Computer applications in the Vascular Registry of Henry Ford Hospital: use of a simplified access method. PMID- 6526659 TI - Development of a nephrology and hypertension information system. PMID- 6526660 TI - Computer-assisted methods for design optimization of cardiac bioprosthetic valves. PMID- 6526661 TI - Cooperation between a radiology computer consortium and a computer manufacturer in the development of a radiology information system. PMID- 6526662 TI - Intracerebral hemorrhage after carotid endarterectomy. PMID- 6526663 TI - Cardiac papillary fibroelastoma: a source of coronary artery emboli and myocardial infarction. PMID- 6526664 TI - Biologic fixation of a modified Moore prosthesis. Part II. Evaluation of adaptive femoral bone modeling. PMID- 6526665 TI - Early results of the RM-isoelastic cementless total hip prosthesis: 300 consecutive cases with 2-year follow-up. PMID- 6526666 TI - Chiari osteotomy--a biologic alternative for the surgical management of dysplasia of the hip joint associated with arthrosis. PMID- 6526667 TI - Ceramic prosthetic devices. PMID- 6526668 TI - The biomechanical basis for osteotomy in the treatment of osteoarthritis of the hip: results in younger patients. PMID- 6526669 TI - Computer modeling of surgery and a consideration of the mechanical effects of proximal femoral osteotomies. PMID- 6526670 TI - Porous ingrowth in canine resurfacing hip arthroplasty: analysis of results with up to a 2-year follow-up. PMID- 6526671 TI - Results of revision total hip replacement. PMID- 6526672 TI - Biomechanical considerations in revision arthroplasty. AB - Accumulated knowledge about hip replacement arthroplasty has identified a number of mechanical factors that contribute to implant failure. The mechanics of component design, materials selection, implant fixation, and response of bone and soft tissue structures to an altered loading environment are variables that influence outcome. Revision arthroplasty presents additional problems of loss of bone stock, cortical perforation or fracture, and implant removal that must be appreciated to prevent recurrent failure. PMID- 6526673 TI - Salvage of acetabular insufficiency with bipolar prostheses. AB - Salvage of severely compromised, deficient, and insufficient acetabula associated with failed total hip arthroplasty, nonunited or malunited acetabular fractures, and metastatic tumor can be accomplished with the bipolar prosthesis. The procedure must be regarded as a salvage procedure, providing the patient with limited functional capabilities. All patients are prescribed permanent external support, even though some have refused to use it. This procedure is usually done by means of a transtrochanteric approach and frequently requires bone grafting. The acetabular component is fitted as tightly as possible, consistent with complete seating, stability, and rim or equatorial fit, and, in my opinion, holds and molds the bone grafts. The procedure is far more acceptable and gives a much more functional result than a Girdlestone resection. If necessary, a standard total hip arthroplasty acetabular component could be inserted after graft incorporation, fracture healing, or both. PMID- 6526674 TI - Pelvic osteotomy: an alternative to total hip replacement in the young adult. AB - For the young adult patient with a painful hip in whom there is acetabular dysplasia, innominate osteotomy is not only an alternative to total hip replacement, but rather it is the procedure of choice. If the prerequisites for a Steel or a Chiari osteotomy are met and if the procedures are adequately carried out, satisfactory relief of pain and return to function can be expected. The length of the satisfactory result is unknown as yet because an insufficient number of patients have been followed over a long enough period to determine the life expectancy of these procedures. It would appear, however, that it is going to be more than 10 years, which is certainly longer than one could expect for the current generation of cemented total joint replacements to last. Cementless total joint replacements are so new that a comparison cannot be made, but intuitively, a procedure that can leave the patient with his own tissue is the procedure of choice. Certainly, in a well-executed Steel or Chiari osteotomy, later reconstruction or total joint replacement will not be compromised. PMID- 6526675 TI - Cementless revisions of failed total hip replacement: ceramic Autophor prosthesis. PMID- 6526676 TI - Arthrodesis of the hip. PMID- 6526677 TI - Bipolar endoprosthesis. PMID- 6526678 TI - Bipolar endoprosthesis. PMID- 6526679 TI - Biologic fixation of a modified Moore prosthesis. Part I. Evaluation of early clinical results. PMID- 6526680 TI - Epidemiology for nutritionists: 6. The interpretation of data. PMID- 6526681 TI - Assessment of fatty acid intakes in vegans and omnivores. AB - Fatty acid intakes were estimated from 7-day weighed-food-intake date and from the analysis of 3-day duplicate food portions in a series of vegans and omnivore controls. Calculated and analysed values for monounsaturated fatty acids, linoleic and linolenic acids were generally in good agreement. Analysed saturated fatty acid intakes tended to be lower in the omnivores than the calculated values. The vegan subjects had very much lower intakes of saturated fatty acids and much higher intakes of linoleic acid compared with the omnivores; these differences were most marked between the men. The vegan diets were devoid of arachidonic acid, eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids. Plasma total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol concentrations were significantly lower in the male vegans. PMID- 6526682 TI - Food intake in multiple sclerosis. AB - The usual dietary intake of 142 people with multiple sclerosis (MS), from different areas of Great Britain, has been assessed using the 7-day weighed intake method. This sample represents those subjects who said they had not altered their diets since diagnosis, ie, one-third of those who originally joined the management programme. Despite the low energy intakes of the subjects, intakes of other nutrients were similar to values of the general British population. The relationship of disability to energy and nutrient intake was studied. The relevance of dietary fatty acid intakes in MS is discussed with reference to epidemiological data and regional variations. The possibility that people with MS have specific requirements is considered and the need for nutritional guidance in MS is stressed. PMID- 6526683 TI - Socio-religious factors affecting the breast-feeding performance of women in the Yemen Arab Republic. AB - Yemeni breast-feeding beliefs and practices are discussed in relation to the ritual status of Muslim women. It is argued that the existing socio-religious perspective of women in Yemen is expressed in, and reinforced by, their attitudes to breast-feeding. Yemeni women consider breastfeeding to be a powerful, but potentially destructive force. The Quran defines the worth of both women and breast-feeding, and this is upheld by the attitudes of contemporary Yemeni society. The practices and beliefs associated with the reproductive and menstrual cycles, indicate that these female functions are considered hedged with danger and ambiguity. Breast-feeding, which is connected to both cycles, is no exception. Traditional breast-feeding beliefs and practices are best understood within the wider context of the perceived place and ritual status of women in Yemeni society. PMID- 6526684 TI - The vitamin D intake of children and adolescents in Finland. AB - The vitamin D intake from diet and supplements was studied in 1768 children and adolescents aged 3, 6, 9, 12, 15 and 18 years in the autumn of 1980. The dietary vitamin D intake increased with increasing age, being lowest in the two youngest groups and highest in the two oldest groups, whereas the use of supplements decreased with increasing age. The total vitamin D intake, including both dietary vitamin D and vitamin D obtained from supplements was highest in the youngest groups and decreased with age. In all groups both the dietary mean vitamin D intake and the mean total intake were well below the recommended dietary allowance. The total amount of vitamin D in the diet was lowest in the two youngest groups and the 12-year-olds and highest in the 9-year-olds and the two oldest groups. The main dietary sources of vitamin D were vitaminized margarine, fish and fish products and eggs, providing together about 80 per cent of the total vitamin D intake. With a vitamin D intake as low as that found in this study, ranging from 2.5 to 5.1 micrograms/d including supplements, the risk of nutritional rickets should be high. Nutritional rickets is, however, uncommon in these age groups. The children in this study were healthy, active individuals abundantly exposed to sunshine and therefore getting enough vitamin D through the endogenous route in the skin. Every house-bound child could, however, be at risk of developing vitamin D deficiency with such a low vitamin D intake. PMID- 6526685 TI - Observations on dietary practices in India. AB - Dietary practices in India are described and many dietary practices are common throughout the country. The actual foods consumed by different populations depend largely on income, geographical area and whether people are living in an urban or rural setting. Religion and superstition also have some influence. PMID- 6526686 TI - The role of diet in the management of atopic eczema. AB - The underlying cause of atopic eczema remains unknown but both food intolerance and dietary deficiency--notably of essential fatty acids--may well be exacerbating factors. Studies investigating the involvement of food intolerance have shown that only some children obtain benefit from avoiding milk and eggs. In other cases, the use of an elimination or of a chemically-defined diet followed by challenge with specific foods may allow an effective personalized diet to be devised. Skin-prick tests and measurement of IgE levels have proved to be unreliable predictors of reactions to food. The development of a reliable test to assess food intolerance would represent a significant advance in the treatment of atopic eczema. PMID- 6526687 TI - Is there a role for gluten-free diets in multiple sclerosis? AB - This brief paper presents findings of 17 (3.4 per cent) of the patients involved in the ARMS research programme which is investigating the role of nutrition and physiotherapy in the management of MS. These 17 were following gluten-free diets. Our findings support the view that there is no conclusive evidence that GF diets are universally beneficial in the management of MS. PMID- 6526688 TI - A holistic view of allergic disease. AB - A personal approach to the diagnosis and treatment of patients with food allergy or intolerance is presented in this paper. Patients with these problems may prove difficult to treat because of intolerance to several different foods, and the situation may be further complicated by allergy to inhaled substances. Fasting and elimination and rotation diets may be used for diagnosis, together with open food challenges. Although 'blind' food challenge may be useful as a research procedure, it can be unhelpful in day-to-day treatment. Examples of the use of this approach in patients sensitive to cow's milk protein, egg, wheat, yeast and food additives are presented and discussed. The author concludes that there is enormous suffering from ingestant allergy which could be relieved by recognizing and avoiding the causative factors. PMID- 6526689 TI - Colourings and preservatives in food. AB - Colours and preservatives are only two of the many classes of additives in food but they are of interest because many reported cases of sensitivity involve these two groups of substances. Preservatives present the greatest potential health hazard being, by definition, biologically active. Colours and other additives are required to perform a technological function whilst remaining as biologically inert as possible. Food additives are controlled by the Food and Drugs Act 1955 on the basis of advice from the Food Advisory Committee (FAC). Lists of the permitted preservatives and colourings are available, together with details of restrictions on their uses; this information is continually being updated. Food labelling regulations mean that some information about additives can be determined from the labelling--but even if an additive is not listed on the package, one cannot always assume that it is not present in the product, since additives coming through in the original ingredients need not always be listed. Other exemptions also exist, so there can be no absolute certainty about the presence, or absence, of a specific additive. That information can only be obtained by contacting the manufacturer. PMID- 6526690 TI - Diet in the management of Crohn's disease. AB - Thirty-three patients with Crohn's Disease were studied to see if their symptoms were related to food intolerances. Initial treatment to produce remission of symptoms was total parenteral nutrition (20), elemental diet (2) or elimination diet (11). Twenty-nine patients reported specific food intolerances, and 21 of these remained in remission on diet alone, the mean length of remission being 15.2 months. The most important foods provoking symptoms were wheat and dairy products. PMID- 6526691 TI - How should we feed the potentially allergic infant? PMID- 6526692 TI - High carbohydrate diet in the management of non-obese non-insulin-dependent Nigerian diabetics. AB - Over a 3-year period, 160 new, non-obese, non-insulin-dependent Nigerian diabetics were managed with high carbohydrate diets (250 g-300 g daily) and oral hypoglycaemic drugs. Fifty-three patients (33.1 per cent) achieved excellent control of their blood glucose (mean fasting blood glucose of 7.0 mmol/l or less); 38 patients (23.8 per cent) achieved good control of their blood glucose (mean fasting blood glucose of 7.0-8.0 mmol/l); and 42 patients (26.3 per cent) achieved fair control of their blood glucose (mean fasting blood, glucose of 8.0 9.0 mmol/l). A total of 133 patients (83.1 per cent) therefore achieved satisfactory control of their blood glucose with mean fasting blood glucose levels of 9.0 mmol/l or less. In Nigeria where the staple diets of the population are high in carbohydrate but low in protein and fat, the management of diabetes mellitus has many problems. To reduce carbohydrate and increase protein intake is often expensive, and increased fat intake is unpalatable. We conclude that despite a high carbohydrate diet, the majority of non-obese, non-insulin dependent Nigerian diabetics can achieve good blood glucose control. The high carbohydrate diet may even be beneficial to the patients. PMID- 6526694 TI - Lectin binding of surface epithelia and concomitant glands of gallbladder and biliary ducts in the guinea pig. AB - Complex carbohydrate components of secretory granules and the glycocalix were analysed in surface epithelia, endoepithelial glands and exoepithelial tubuloalveolar glands of the biliary-ductular system (guinea pig). Brunner glands and pyloric glands were studied for comparison. The columnar epithelial cells of the gallbladder and biliary ducts displayed a well-developed PAS-positive apical glycocalix. These materials strongly bound Ricinus communis A I, Ulex europaeus I, Lotus tetragonolobus A and wheat-germ-A lectins. With the exception of Lotus A lectin which did not bind at all, the same lectins stained the basolateral cell surface. The secretory granules in the supranuclear regions of surface epithelia and in the exoepithelial glands strongly bound Ricinus A I, Ulex europaeus I, wheat-germ-A and Helix pomatia lectins. Concanavalin A was less intensively bound by the secretions of tubuloalveolar glands than by the secretory granules in surface epithelia. The luminal and basolateral cell surfaces of glandular cells in the exoepithelial glands were stained by the same spectrum of lectins as were the columnar cells of surface epithelia, but the staining was less distinct. In the guinea pig, the lectin-binding patterns of tubuloalveolar glands in the biliary ducts closely resembled those of Brunner glands and pyloric glands. The secretions of the tubuloalveolar glands were different from the secretion of surface epithelia, as they bound Concanavalin A less intensively. PMID- 6526693 TI - Distribution of NT-IR perikarya in the brain of the guinea pig with special reference to cardiovascular centers in the medulla oblongata. AB - The occurrence and distribution of neurotensin-immunoreactive (NT-IR) perikarya was studied in the central nervous system of the guinea pig using a newly raised antibody (KN 1). Numerous NT-IR perikarya were found in the nuclei amygdaloidei, nuclei septi interventriculare, hypothalamus, nucleus parafascicularis thalami, substantia grisea centralis mesencephali, ventral medulla oblongata, nucleus solitarius and spinal cord. The distribution of NT-IR perikarya was similar to that previously described in the rat and monkey. In the gyrus cinguli, hippocampus and nucleus olfactorius, though, no NT-IR neurons were detected in this investigation. Additional immunoreactive perikarya, however, were observed in areas of the ventral medulla oblongata, namely in the nucleus paragigantocellularis, nucleus retrofacialis and nucleus raphe obscurus. The relevance of the NT-IR perikarya within the ventral medulla oblongata is discussed with respect to other neuropeptides, which are found in this area, and to cardiovascular regulation. PMID- 6526695 TI - Histochemical localization of monoamines and cholinesterases in Mytilus pedal ganglion. AB - The pedal ganglion is a peripheral ganglion which gives rise to the innervation for both the somatic and visceral organs of the Mytilus foot. In the present study, different histofluorescence methods for the demonstration of monamines (formaldehyde-glutaraldehyde followed by polyethylene glycol embedding; aluminium formaldehyde; Falck) and acetylcholinesterase histochemistry were applied in order to characterize the neuronal population of the ganglion. The fluorescence methods employed showed that the cortical region of the pedal ganglion is composed of roundish cells; these mainly contained an orange autofluorescent pigment. Yellow-fluorescing cells were scattered in the anterior region of the cortex, but they were more numerous and arranged in clusters in the posterior region. Green-fluorescing cells were mainly located at the border between the cortex and neuropile and in the neuropile itself, where a rich plexus of beaded green-fluorescing fibres was also present. Of the three methods, that using formaldehyde-glutaraldehyde followed by embedding in polyethylene glycol gave the best preservation of morphological details. Acetylcholinesterase histochemistry showed the presence of positive cells and fibres mainly in the anterior region of the ganglion. PMID- 6526696 TI - Use of enzyme-gold complexes for the ultrastructural localization of hemicelluloses in the plant cell wall. AB - Enzyme-gold complexes have been prepared with an endo beta 1----4 xylanase (EC 3.2.1.8) and a beta 1----4 mannanase (EC 3.2.1.78). The complexes were applied to ultrathin sections of plant cell walls for the ultrastructural localization of xylans in different tissues of a graminea and for the localization of glucomannans in the tracheids of spruce wood. The method proved to be highly specific and gave a very good contrast of the substrate polysaccharides. Used in conjunction with other cytochemical staining the enzyme-gold labelling provided information about the relative distribution of pectic polymers and xylans in primary walls. PMID- 6526698 TI - Changes in pulmonary diffusing capacity at rest under various ambient temperatures in normal young adults. PMID- 6526697 TI - The uptake of lead by small intestine, colon and gallbladder of the guinea pig in vivo. AB - The binding and uptake of lead by the jejunal, colonic and gallbladder epithelium of guinea pig has been investigated by electron microscopy. Binding occurred rapidly, the most marked by the microvilli was by the jejunum, followed by colon and gallbladder. The tracer was subsequently internalised in small membrane bound vesicles and smooth endoplasmic reticulum. By 30 min, it appeared in multivesicular bodies at all three sites. PMID- 6526699 TI - Aromatic and other contents in automobile gasoline in Japan. PMID- 6526700 TI - Experimental study on the pathological changes in lung tissue caused by zinc stearate dust. PMID- 6526701 TI - Distribution of chromium in rats exposed to hexavalent chromium and trivalent chromium aerosols. PMID- 6526702 TI - Mode of interaction of benzanthrone with serum proteins. PMID- 6526703 TI - Response of rats to repeated oral administration of endosulfan. PMID- 6526704 TI - Cytogenetic analysis of peripheral blood lymphocytes from stainless steel welders. PMID- 6526705 TI - Estimation of solvent concentrations in ambient air from urinary metabolite levels of workers exposed to solvents. PMID- 6526706 TI - Neurones responsive to faces in the temporal cortex: studies of functional organization, sensitivity to identity and relation to perception. AB - We have investigated the distribution of cells responsive to faces within the macaque temporal cortex and their sensitivity to different face attributes. We found a functional organization of cells responsive to the sight of different views of the head. Cells of a similar type were grouped together both vertically down through the cortex, and horizontally in patches extending 0.5-2.0 mm across the surface of the cortex. A substantial proportion of cells responsive to faces were found to be sensitive to biologically important characteristics such as identity or expression. Cells were found to be highly selective for particular individuals that were familiar to the monkey with selectivity persisting across a great variety of viewing conditions such as changing face expression, orientation, colour, distance and size. Data suggested that sensitivity to identity arises at the level of specific views of the individual (e.g. full face). Information about different views may then be pooled to allow recognition independent of view. Visual transformations that make it difficult for humans to perceive faces (e.g., contrast reversal, isoluminant colour, coarsely quantized images, rotation or inversion) reduced the magnitude or increased the latency of cells' responses to faces. In this way, cell responses were related to perception and not simply to visual qualities of the image. PMID- 6526707 TI - Neurons in the cortex of the temporal lobe and in the amygdala of the monkey with responses selective for faces. AB - There are populations of neurons in the temporal lobe of the macaque which appear to be specialised to respond to faces. These neurons are relatively rare in the inferior temporal visual cortex, area TE, but are more common in the cortex in the middle and anterior parts of the superior temporal sulcus. In some cases these neurons can respond to parts of faces such as the eyes, and in other cases a fuller complement of the features present in faces, with even the correct configuration of these features, appears to be necessary for these neurons to respond. In experiments to investigate whether the responses of these neurons would be useful for recognition of an individual, it has been shown that in many cases (77% of one sample), these neurons are sensitive to differences between faces. In experiments designed to investigate the information required for these neurons to respond, it has been shown that these neurons can respond to blurred images of faces, and to faces with only the high spatial frequencies included. A population of neurons with face-selective responses has also been found in the amygdala, which receives inputs from the temporal lobe visual cortex. In many cases these neurons respond differently to different faces. It is suggested that the importance of this type of neuron may be in the different emotional and social responses which occur to different faces, and which are disrupted by damage to the amygdala. PMID- 6526708 TI - The development of dendritic spines in the human visual cortex. AB - The density of spines on apical dendrites of pyramidal neurons of which the soma was located in layer III of area 17 of human visual cortex was measured. This was done in Golgi-impregnated sections from a series of brains from foetal age 33 weeks to 30 years postnatally by counting the number of spines on a segment of apical dendrite situated between 50 and 100 micron from the soma. In the late foetus, a mean of less than 30 spines was found in the 50 micron long segment. In the brain of a neonate about 50 spines were counted on the corresponding segment. At about 5 months postnatally the maximum number of spines is reached (approximately 80 in the segments measured), after which spine number decreases, reaching a level of about 50 again by 2 years of age, a figure that is maintained into adulthood. PMID- 6526709 TI - Brain potentials related to voluntary hand tracking, motivation and attention. AB - While there are many behavioural studies available investigating human hand tracking performance, there are none that include recording of cerebral potentials. Sixteen subjects tracked a visual or a tactile target by moving a stylus with their right hand. They voluntarily started the stimulus, which moved for 1 s in a first random direction, then for 1's in another direction. The stimulus was given to the left field of vision or tactually to the left palm. Tracking was compared to no-tracking controls. The voluntary initiation was preceded by a Bereitschaftspotential (BP), the change in direction by a contingent negative variation (CNV). Both BP and CNV showed a characteristic right hemispheric parietooccipital (visual task) or centro-parietal asymmetry (tactile task) due to the attention paid to the expected stimulus event ("directed attention potential", DAP). While the DAP outlasted stimulus onset by 0.2 s, fronto-midline areas switched already to positivity 100 ms prior to stimulus onset and more than 300 ms prior to the change in direction. Large P300 like components were elicited by stimulus onset and change in direction. PMID- 6526710 TI - Development of postural sway in the normal child. AB - The postural sway was examined in 64 healthy children, aged 3.5 to 17 years. The recordings were done in ordinary standing posture on a force platform, with eyes open and closed. For children younger than 10 years, boys swayed more than girls. The sway amplitude decreased with age for boys, but not for girls. The decrease in sway was equally pronounced in sagittal and lateral direction. The amplitude of sway was higher in sagittal than in lateral direction. PMID- 6526711 TI - Dissociation of visual and auditory order thresholds after cerebral injury in man. AB - Visual and auditory order thresholds were measured with aphasic patients suffering from lesions of the left hemisphere, non-aphasic patients with lesions of the right hemisphere, and a control-group of normals. The aphasic patients showed the highest auditory order thresholds. Visual order thresholds were equal for both groups of patients, but significantly increased compared to those of the control-group. It seems that a lesion of the left hemisphere has consequences for temporal signal processing. The impairment affects primarily the auditory modality. This finding perhaps explains certain difficulties of aphasic patients on the phonetic level. PMID- 6526712 TI - Sphenotemporalis: a new muscle in man. AB - A previously unreported human muscle was found in two cadaver specimens. The muscle is situated in the infratemporal fossa and lies superior and deep to the main part of the upper head of the lateral pterygoid muscle. The muscle is attached to the skull on each side of the sphenotemporal suture. Its separated nerve supply arises directly from the trigeminal ganglion. A review of the earlier descriptions of the region shows no previous report and therefore the descriptive name sphenotemporalis is proposed. The possible role and ontogenesis of the muscle are briefly discussed. PMID- 6526713 TI - Exercise increases osteophyte formation and diminishes fibrillation following chemically induced articular cartilage injury. AB - The present study shows that a treadmill exercise regimen imposed on guinea-pigs whose articular cartilage has been damaged by intra-articular injection of IA reduces chondrocyte depletion, results in an increase in pericellular Safranin-O staining around surviving chondrocytes, and prevents fibrillation of the articular surface. The data suggest that exercise protected, or facilitated recovery of, chondrocytes subjected to chemical injury, and that the surviving cells then synthesised a matrix which was sufficiently normal to withstand impulsive joint loading. On the other hand, the exercise regimen accelerated osteophyte formation, and led to formation of osteophytes in sites at which they did not develop in animals which received intra-articular IA but which were not exercised. PMID- 6526714 TI - Lack of effect of weak low frequency electromagnetic fields on chick embryogenesis. AB - Fertilised chicken eggs were incubated for 48 hours while exposed to pulsed trains of square wave magnetic fields having a duration of 0.5 msec and pulse repetition rates of 100 or 1000 Hz at magnetic field flux densities of 1.2 and 12 mu T. After exposure the embryos were scored blind for eight different gross structural features: primary vesicles, anterior neuropore, optic vesicles, auditory pits, truncal nervous system, heart, somites and blood vessels. There were no differences between exposed, sham-exposed and control eggs. PMID- 6526715 TI - The ultrastructure of hypertrophied paraganglia in aged rats. AB - The catecholamine-storing cells in the paraganglia of old rats showed structural characteristics common to adrenomedullary and paraganglionic cells of young animals. No sign of degeneration was found. Lipofuscin pigment was observed in most cells. The paraganglia were innervated and well supplied by fenestrated sinusoidal capillaries. Their fine structure suggests active endocrine function. An increase in the total bulk of the paraganglia in old rats suggests that they have a physiological role in senescence. PMID- 6526716 TI - Shape changes during human fetal craniofacial growth. AB - An investigation into craniofacial growth during the fetal period was undertaken in order to measure changes in shape. Previous workers have reported little or no change in cephalometric angular measurements, leading to the conclusion that facial shape is stable, in contradiction to the changes in shape perceived by simple observation. The major problem has been the development of quantitative methods which accurately measure shape. The analytical method of morphanalysis was used in order to overcome the problem. Image outlines of fetuses were related to each other via a rectangular reference grid. The exact sites where growth changes occurred were plotted in relation to the coordinate reference grid and therefore could be isolated. The shape of the head was found to change progressively in all three dimensions during the fetal period. The impression given by cephalometric studies that facial shape is stable was not supported by the present investigation, which clearly demonstrated a progressive alteration in shape with age. It appeared that brain growth predominated over that of the face during the fetal period. This not only produced an alteration in the shape of the cranium, causing its elongation, but influenced the position of the nasomaxillary segment to which the musculature of the lower face in turn adjusted mandibular growth. PMID- 6526717 TI - Trophic effects of axonal elements upon the type 1 cells of the carotid body of the domestic fowl. AB - The carotid body Type 1 cells of twelve adult domestic fowls were examined with the electron microscope either 5-15 days after distal vagal ganglionectomy (3 birds) or from 5 to 462 days after midcervical vagotomy (9 birds). An increase in the number and size of Type 1 cell granular vesicles was noted after deafferentation by ganglionectomy. In vagotomised birds, degeneration and regeneration of the axonal elements of the carotid body were respectively accompanied by degeneration and then reappearance of the Type 1 cells. It was concluded that axonal elements of the carotid body exert a trophic influence on the Type 1 cells. PMID- 6526718 TI - Degeneration of the distal vagal ganglion cells of the domestic fowl after section of their central processes. AB - The centrally directed axonal processes of the distal vagal ganglion cells were cut by midcervical vagotomy in nine domestic fowl, and the ganglion cells were examined electron microscopically after intervals of 5-462 days. During the first 5-41 days after operation, peripheral displacement of the nucleus, indentation of the nuclear membrane, dilation of the cisternae of the granular endoplasmic reticulum, depletion of membrane associated ribosomes, and peripheral displacement and fragmentation of the Golgi apparatus were found. These changes are interpreted as reactive responses to the axonal injury. From 207 days onwards, general loss of organelles and extensive vacuolation of the cytoplasm were observed. These changes were regarded as severely degenerative, to the point of cell death. Between 305 and 462 days many ganglion cells were lost, the few survivors apparently being normal except for numerous nuclear pores. Degenerative changes were also seen in satellite cells. It is concluded that severance of the central processes of the distal vagal ganglion cells of this avian species leads to the slow development of reactive and degenerative changes in many of the ganglion cells. These results are compared with those of similar experiments on mammals, in which the sensory ganglion cells appear to be totally unresponsive to the interruption of their centrally directed processes. PMID- 6526719 TI - Connective tissue changes and physical properties of developing and ageing skeletal muscle. AB - Selective staining of the connective tissue and image analysis showed that in the extensor digitorum longus and soleus muscles of the rat there was an increase in the thickness of the endomysium in both early growth and senility. The perimysium thickness was more or less constant throughout life except in senility when the concentration of this component also increased. The stiffness (length-passive tension) of these muscles was found to increase throughout life. Log transforms of the length-passive tension plots had particularly steep slopes in the senile extensor digitorum longus muscle. Except in the senile soleus muscle, the increase in stiffness was closely correlated with the increase in endomysium and perimysium and with total muscle collagen (as measured biochemically) with age. The relationship between the initial length and the active tension in the extensor digitorum longus muscle changed with age. The older muscles showed a greater decline in tension for each decrement of length resulting from the increased development of the connective tissue. PMID- 6526721 TI - Symposium: Neuroendocrinology. Proceedings of the Anatomical Society of Great Britain and Ireland. July 1984. Abstracts. PMID- 6526720 TI - Structure-function correlation in the human placenta: the morphometric diffusing capacity for oxygen at full term. AB - A combination of stereology and physiology is used to estimate the morphometric diffusing capacity for oxygen of the normal human placenta at term. The morphometric diffusing capacity is found to be higher than published values determined by physiological methods. The most likely explanation for this discrepancy is that physiological values are too low because of the effects of shunts, placental oxygen consumption and uneven diffusion:perfusion ratios. Despite the discrepancy, morphometry of histological sections offers a valuable and practicable alternative for comparing the functional potential of the placenta in different species, during normal gestation, disease, experimental treatment and environmental hypoxic stress. PMID- 6526722 TI - Cephabacins, new cephem antibiotics of bacterial origin. I. Discovery and taxonomy of the producing organisms and fermentation. AB - Three Gram-negative bacteria produce new cephem antibiotics, named cephabacins, with unique 3-side chains. Cephabacins include F group antibiotics with a 7 formylamino substituent and H group antibiotics without the substituent. The producing bacteria were taxonomically characterized and designated as Lysobacter lactamgenus sp. nov. YK-90 and Xanthomonas lactamgena sp. nov. YK-278 and YK-280. PMID- 6526723 TI - Cephabacins, new cephem antibiotics of bacterial origin. II. Isolation and characterization. AB - Fifteen components of new antibiotics, cephabacins, were isolated from the culture filtrates of Lysobacter lactamgenus YK-90, Xanthomonas lactamgena YK-280 and X. lactamgena YK-278. They were purified by column chromatography using cation-exchange resins, activated carbon, high porous resins and cation-exchange Sephadex and by preparative reverse-phase HPLC. The basic, water-soluble antibiotics were characterized as having a cephem skeleton and oligopeptide(s) as a side chain constituent from their spectroscopic analyses and amino acid analyses. PMID- 6526724 TI - Cephabacins, new cephem antibiotics of bacterial origin. III. Structural determination. AB - The structures of 15 new cephem antibiotics, cephabacin F1-9 and H1-6, were determined by their spectroscopic analyses and decomposition studies. They are consisted of a cephalosporin nucleus and a di, tri or tetrapeptide including a new amino acid which is bound at the position 3 with an ester bond. The components, F1-9, showed unique biological activities by the presence of a formylamino group at the position 7. PMID- 6526725 TI - PD 114,759 and PD 115,028, novel antitumor antibiotics with phenomenal potency. I. Isolation and characterization. AB - The isolation of two new antibiotics, PD 114,759 and PD 115,028, exhibiting in vivo antitumor activity at extremely low doses is described. The physico-chemical properties of these sulfur-containing compounds show that they represent a novel class of antitumor agents. PMID- 6526726 TI - Irumamycin, an antifungal 20-membered macrolide produced by a Streptomyces. Taxonomy, fermentation and biological properties. AB - Irumamycin is a new 20-membered macrolide antibiotic isolated from a culture broth of a soil isolate which was named Streptomyces subflavus subsp. irumaensis AM-3603. It is active in vitro against some phytopathogenic fungi, but inactive against most aerobic and anaerobic bacteria and mycoplasmas. The potent in vitro activity and the results of preliminary pot tests indicated that the antibiotic is practicable as an agricultural antifungal agent. PMID- 6526727 TI - B-factor, an essential regulatory substance inducing the production of rifamycin in a Nocardia sp. AB - "Curing" treatment of a rifamycin-producing Nocardia sp. resulted in a mutant deficient in the synthesis of antibiotics. This deficiency was reversed in a medium containing yeast extract. The active substance, named B-factor, which induced rifamycin production in the mutant was purified from yeast extract, and its structure, 3'-(1-butylphosphoryl) adenosine, was determined by structural analysis and chemical synthesis. An extremely low concentration of B-factor (10 ng/ml) caused recovery of rifamycin B synthesis in the mutant and stimulated synthesis of the antibiotic in the parental strain. PMID- 6526728 TI - Stereochemistry of the epoxydon group antibiotic G7063-2 isolated from a Streptomyces species HPL Y-25711. AB - The absolute configuration of the ring system of the antibiotic G7063-2 has been established as being the same as that reported for terreic acid, based on circular dichroism data. During structure elucidation experiments, reaction with ethereal diazomethane gave an adduct whose structure is proposed. PMID- 6526729 TI - A sodium-containing polymyxin derived from polymyxin-complex during chromatography. AB - Commercial colistin (polymyxin E)-complex was separated into two major components (colistins A and B) on a preparative scale by HPLC (alkyl bonded silica and aqueous-organic mobile phase containing 0.2 M NaCl-HCl buffer (pH 2.0]. Desalting of the colistins A and B fractions was completed by reversed-phase adsorption and elution using methyl alcohol. In these experiments, it was inadvertently found that prolonged elution with water gave two hydrophilic peptides, which were tentatively named colistins AH and BH, respectively. Further elution with methyl alcohol produced two lipophilic peptides which were named colistins AL and BL. Colistin BH showed higher potency than colistin AH, AL or BL, and it was also effective in vivo. The fatty acid and amino acid composition of colistin BH was identical with that of colistin BL, but colistin BH contained a relatively large amount of nonionic sodium which scarcely responded to the sodium ion-selective electrode of an ion meter; colistin BH had a slightly lower molar extinction coefficient than the colistin BL which contained negligible amount of nonionic sodium. Colistin AH also contained nonionic sodium. Potassium containing colistins could also be derived from colistin-complex. These compounds could not be formed merely by adding sodium chloride or potassium chloride to colistin complex solution. To obtain the sodium-containing compounds, contact with some hydrophobic stationary phase, such as alkyl-bonded silica or styrene divinylbenzene copolymer, was necessary. It is postulated that one of the antibacterial mechanisms of polymyxin is associated with its complex-forming action on monovalent cations after contact with the lipid layer of the bacterial outer membrane. PMID- 6526730 TI - The synthesis of 4-deoxypyrido[1',2'-1,2]imidazo[5,4-c]rifamycin SV derivatives. AB - Two series of new semisynthetic rifamycin SV derivatives have been prepared. One of them bears a quaternary ammonium salt at C3 (1-5), and the other a pyridoimidazo system condensed at C3 and C4 (6-11). While compounds 1-5 had poor antibacterial activity in vitro, compounds 6-11 were found to be highly active in vitro but poorly absorbed in vivo. They could thus have potential as agents in the therapy of intestinal infections. The synthesis and the 1H NMR structure determination of these new compounds are reported. PMID- 6526731 TI - Syntheses of 23-deoxy-23-N-ethyl-23-(2-fluoro-, 2,2-difluoro-, and 2,2,2 trifluoroethyl)amino derivatives of mycaminosyl tylonolide and 4' deoxymycaminosyl tylonolide. AB - Derivatives of mycaminosyl tylonolide (1) and 4'-deoxymycaminosyl tylonolide (2) containing N-ethyl-2-fluoro-, 2,2-difluoro- and 2,2,2-trifluoroethylamino groups at their C-23 have been prepared by treating 23-deoxy-23-ethylaminomycaminosyl tylonolide diethyl acetal (14) and its 4'-deoxy analog 15 with 2-fluoro-, 2,2 difluoro- and 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl trifluoromethanesulfonates. The relationship between the antibacterial activity and the numbers of the fluorine atoms introduced in the final products is discussed. PMID- 6526732 TI - Correlations between CNDO/2 charge distribution and 13C NMR chemical shift in 7 acylamino side chains of cephalosporins. AB - Molecular orbital calculations by the CNDO/2D method yield charge distributions which correlate well with the observed 13C NMR chemical shift for the amide carbon of acylamino side chains of cephalosporins. Acyl groups that withdraw electrons from the amide C-N bond and concomitantly make the amide nitrogen more negatively charged increase the chemical shift. The trends are related to the degree of amide resonance. No direct correlation was found between the chemical shift of the amide carbon and the antibacterial activity of the cephalosporins. PMID- 6526733 TI - Biosynthesis of the antibiotic maduramicin. Origin of the carbon and oxygen atoms as well as the 13C NMR assignments. AB - The biosynthesis of maduramicin alpha and beta in a culture of Actinomadura yumaensis has been studied using 13C, 14C and 18O labeled precursors. The alpha component of this recently discovered polyether antibiotic, containing forty seven carbon atoms in a seven-ring system, is derived from eight acetate, seven propionate and four methionine molecules. The beta component which is missing one methoxy group incorporates three methionine methyl groups. The carbohydrate moiety was enriched by methionine, but not significantly by acetate or propionate. Studies of the incorporation of 13C labeled precursors permit the 13C NMR assignment of maduramicin. The origin of oxygen atoms of maduramicin has been examined by feeding [1-13C, 18O2]acetate and [1-13C, 18O2]propionate separately in the fermentation culture and the resulting doubly labeled maduramicin samples were analyzed by the isotopic shifts in the 13C NMR spectra. These results are consistent with the initial formation of a triene, which is converted to maduramicin by cyclization of the triepoxide. PMID- 6526734 TI - Biosynthesis of astromicin and related antibiotics. I. Biosynthetic studies by bioconversion experiments. AB - Biosynthesis of astromicin, a unique pseudodisaccharide aminoglycoside antibiotic containing 1,4-diaminocyclitol component, was investigated by isolating a variety of possible precursor compounds from mutants of Micromonospora olivasterospora in which biosynthetic pathways for astromicin were blocked. Washed mycelia of M. olivasterospora mutants converted these compounds to astromicin, which was detected by thin-layer chromatography. Since astromicin possesses one glycyl and three methyl groups, [14C]glycine and [14C]methionine should be incorporated into precursors to form astromicin. To confirm the biosynthetic pathway, formation of labeled astromicin from the precursors was examined using [1-14C]-glycine or [methyl-14C]methionine. From above results, we propose the biosynthetic pathway for astromicin as shown in Fig. 2. PMID- 6526735 TI - Biosynthesis of astromicin and related antibiotics. II. Biosynthetic studies with blocked mutants of Micromonospora olivasterospora. AB - An inosamine-idiotrophic mutant, KY11559, which produced no astromicin unless scyllo-inosamine was added to the fermentation medium, was isolated from Micromonospora olivasterospora. Biotransformation studies were performed with resting cells of this mutant and compounds assumed to be precursors of 1,4 diaminocyclitol (fortamine). Scyllo-inosose, scyllo-inosamine and FU-10 were converted to astromicin. A number of mutants blocked in the biosynthesis of astromicin were developed from M. olivasterospora, and the intermediates accumulated by these mutants were isolated and identified. Twenty-five blocked mutants were classified into 10 groups, based on their complementation patterns by cosynthesis experiments. Further, utilizing these blocked mutants and the isolated compounds, biotransformation analyses were performed. The results showed that the amination at position 4 in fortamine occurred after formation of the pseudodisaccharide. Subsequently, the aminosugar and aminocyclitol moieties were aminated, methylated, dehydroxylated, epimerized and acylated to produce astromicin. Thus it was demonstrated that the astromicin biosynthetic pathway has a unique feature which is not found in the biosynthesis of other aminoglycoside antibiotics. PMID- 6526736 TI - The acetylation of 6'-amino group of amikacin by a new enzyme prepared from serratia sp. AB - It was found that Serratia marcescens 43, Serratia proteamaculans 48 and Serratia sp. 45, all of which were clinically isolated, produced a new type of aminoglycoside acetyltransferase which acetylated amikacin at the 6'-amino group. 1-N-[(S)-3-Amino-2-hydroxypropionyl]-gentamicin B (HAPA-B, SCH 21420) and gentamicin C2 were hardly inactivated by the enzymes and had effective antimicrobial activities against these strains both in vitro and in vivo. This kind of aminoglycoside acetyltransferase should be classified into a new group other than previously reported AAC(6') enzymes. PMID- 6526737 TI - Cellular uptake and efflux and cytostatic activity of 4'-O tetrahydropyranyladriamycin in adriamycin-sensitive and resistant tumor cell lines. AB - Cellular uptake and cytostatic activity of 4'-O-tetrahydropyranyladriamycin (THP) in various sublines resistant to anthracycline antibiotics of mouse lymphoblastoma L5178Y, Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) and mouse leukemia P388 cells were studied. All the sublines resistant to adriamycin (ADR) showed slightly decreased uptake of THP as compared with each sensitive lines, but THP was still taken up much more quickly than ADR by each of the ADR-resistant cell lines. Efflux of both anthracycline glycosides from the ADR-resistant P388 cells was faster than that from the ADR-sensitive P388 cells. The percentage of THP retained at equilibrium was higher than that of ADR in both ADR-resistant and sensitive P388 cells. Cytotoxicity of THP to ADR-resistant cell lines was considerably lower compared with that for each of the sensitive lines but THP inhibited growth of ADR-resistant tumor cells at a concentration about 10 times lower than that for ADR. Thus THP was taken up more quickly, effluxed more slowly than ADR from the ADR-resistant cells, and showed stronger cytostatic activity than ADR on the cells. PMID- 6526738 TI - pFJ269, a new plasmid isolated from a beta-lactam antibiotic producing streptomycete. PMID- 6526739 TI - The synthesis and antibacterial activities of novel 7 alpha substituted cephalosporins. PMID- 6526740 TI - Cloning of streptomycin resistance gene from a streptomycin producing streptomycete. PMID- 6526741 TI - The structure and absolute configuration of the 18-membered macrolide lactone antibiotic X-4357B (concanamycin A). PMID- 6526742 TI - Structure-activity relationships among derivatives of arphamenines, inhibitors of aminopeptidase B. PMID- 6526744 TI - Determination of the regional cochlear blood flow in the rat cochlea using non radioactive microspheres and serially sectioned cochleas. AB - The regional blood flow to the rat cochlea has been studied using a method which combines the microsphere method with observation of serially-sectioned, plastic embedded cochleas. Direct quantitation of the microspheres in a reference blood sample and in the different vascular areas of the cochlea allows the analysis of blood flow patterns with respect to the different capillary beds. PMID- 6526743 TI - Distribution of cochlear damage caused by the removal of the round window membrane. AB - The distribution of damage that occurs in the cochlea after removal of the round window membrane was examined in the apical, middle and basal regions with light and electron microscopy. The damage resembles that seen after acoustic trauma in many respects. The outer hair cells are often disrupted in damaged zones, and the radial afferent fibers to the inner hair cells swell enormously to form large vacuoles. 16 h after opening of round window, there is conspicuous swelling of myelinated axons in the osseous spiral lamina of the apical region. This swelling is associated with large vacuoles underneath the inner hair cells. 10 h after opening the round window, much smaller vacuoles are seen in the apical region. The distribution of the damage is not uniform throughout the cochlea. Damage is usually less severe and is not uniform in the middle region but is pronounced in the base. The nature of the damage is also variable in different animals. For example, sharply delimited, discontinuous damage to the inner hair cells was occasionally observed in the apical region. The most likely cause for the damage to the cochlea is a pressure differential across the organ of Corti that appears after removing the round window membrane. The damage apparently causes low frequency random movements of the basilar membrane that are observed in the experimental cochleas using a reflected laser beam. PMID- 6526745 TI - Functional anatomy of the inferior colliculus and the auditory cortex: current source density analyses of click-evoked potentials. AB - In the auditory midbrain (inferior colliculus) and cortex (superior temporal gyrus) of awake squirrel monkeys profiles of click-evoked field potentials were recorded. The recording tracks were reconstructed anatomically. From the field potentials the one-dimensional current source density (CSD) distributions were calculated. By comparing the CSD profiles with the anatomical features of the reconstructed recording paths, the components of the CSDs could be attributed to certain anatomical sites. Thus a physiological method for the functional identification of recording sites was obtained. It permits the identification of depth locations of specific laminae in cortex. In the inferior colliculus it permits distinction between central and peripheral regions and between three depth segments. The CSDs in the central nucleus of the inferior colliculus lend functional support to the anatomical division into three distinct parts and, in addition, provide the temporal aspects of the main groups of synaptic activities. The CSDs in the auditory cortex permit determination of five different groups of excitatory synaptic activations. The spatio-temporal distributions of these components are very similar to those obtained in other neocortical areas and thus corroborate the hypothesis that afferent activity is relayed very similarly in all sensory areas of neocortex. PMID- 6526746 TI - Surface morphology of the inner sulcus and related epithelial cells of the cochlea following acoustic trauma. AB - When the organ of Corti is severely traumatized by intense (160 dB) blast waves, such that as much as 7 mm of Corti's organ is torn loose from the basilar membrane, the cells of the inner sulcus respond to the altered biochemical milieu of the endolymph by a profile elaboration of surface membrane, zeiosis and the development of numerous pseudopodia and microvilli. On the basis of our longitudinal study, this surface reaction appears to peak at approximately 10 days after trauma and may indicate that the inner sulcus cells are extremely active in the endocytosis of cellular debris. Signs of active changes on the surface of the inner sulcus cells occur immediately following trauma, and activity continues for as long as 30 days after exposure. The cells of Claudius, as well as other epithelial cells on the basilar membrane, are also capable of extreme membrane proliferation and mobility. Possible mechanisms for the unusual behavior and the role of the inner sulcus cells in the normal functioning cochlea are discussed. PMID- 6526747 TI - The acoustic startle response in DBA/2 and C57BL/6 mice: relationship to auditory neuronal response properties and hearing impairment. AB - The acoustic startle response (ASR) was elicited with tone pips in sensorineural hearing-impaired DBA/2 mice and in non-impaired C57BL/6 mice. The influence of stimulus frequency and intensity on ASR amplitude varied as a function of both strain and age. Previous neurophysiological findings indicate that ASR amplitude is correlated with the proportion of neurons in the cochlear nucleus and inferior colliculus that respond to the ASR stimulus frequencies and to the excitability of neurons in these structures. ASR amplitude is not highly correlated with threshold sensitivity. These observations suggest several neural correlates of ASR amplitude and have implications regarding central neuronal response properties associated with sensorineural hearing loss. PMID- 6526749 TI - Interaural intensity difference sensitivity based on facilitatory binaural interaction in cat superior colliculus. AB - Sensitivity to interaural intensity difference (IID) has generally been identified as a property of neurons exhibiting inhibitory binaural interaction, viz. contralateral excitatory and ipsilateral inhibitory input (EI cells). In the deep layers of the superior colliculus, however, almost 30% of IID-sensitive cells are characterised by facilitatory or mixed facilitatory/inhibitory interactions. Such cells typically have peaked IID sensitivity functions in contrast to the step functions characteristic of EI cells. There appears to be a continuum in IID sensitivity from pure step functions to sharply-peaked functions. The observation that a given form of IID sensitivity can be associated with patterns of binaural interaction other than that by which it is most commonly produced suggests that IID-sensitive neurons are better classified on the basis of the form of their IID sensitivity than their binaural input pattern. It seems probable that IID sensitivity based on facilitatory and mixed facilitatory/inhibitory binaural interactions is a general characteristic of the primary auditory pathway, although only fragmentary data are so far available. PMID- 6526748 TI - Frequency difference limens of C57BL/6 and DBA/2 mice: relationship to auditory neuronal response properties and hearing impairment. AB - Frequency difference limens (DLs) were measured in DBA/2 and C57BL/6 mice using an avoidance conditioning procedure and were viewed in relation to previously obtained neurophysiological data. DRA mice had significantly smaller DLs at 12 and 16 kHz, despite progressive sensorineural hearing loss and disrupted tonotopic organization characteristic of this strain. C57 mice had smaller DLs at 8 kHz. Several inferior colliculus (IC) neuronal response properties, that may be related to DL performance, differ between strains. Compared to C57s, a large proportion of DBA neurons respond to 12 and 16 kHz, many more best frequencies (BF, the frequency for which a neuron is most sensitive) fall between 10 and 20 kHz, response ranges are narrow, and neural intensity functions are steep. For C57 mice, a large proportion of neurons respond to 8 kHz, and more neurons have BFs between 5 and 10 kHz. PMID- 6526750 TI - Summating potential (SP) tuning curves. AB - Two methods were used to extract frequency specific information from the gross d.c. cochlear potential, the summating potential (SP). The first approach was to derive SP tuning curves using a two-tone simultaneous masking procedure; the second to obtain SP iso-response functions. The influence of various parameter changes on the configuration of these functions was also investigated. While SP tuning curves measured using the two-tone paradigm have higher Q10 dB values than SP iso-response functions in the base of the cochlea, the latter have the advantage of avoiding contamination by various nonlinear phenomena which are inherent in the simultaneous tone-on-tone masking procedure. Since SP tuning curves are similar to those for basilar membrane motion (Sellick, P.M., Patuzzi, R. and Johnstone, B.M. (1982): J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 72, 131-141) and the whole nerve action potential (AP) (Cheatham, M.A. and Dallos, P. (1979): J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 65, S13), nearly the same degree of tuning may be reflected at these peripheral recording locations. PMID- 6526751 TI - Effects of water flow restriction and environmental factors on performance of nursery-age pigs. AB - A series of three feeding trials was conducted to determine if nipple waterer flow rate affects the performance of nursery-age pigs and if there are any interaction effects with environmental factors. In the first trial, 42 barrows, 10 wk of age, were fed during a period of 4 wk at 5 or 35 C and given water ad libitum with flow rates of 100, 600 and 1,100 ml/min and a control treatment of 20 C and 600 ml/min. There was a linear increase in body weight gain from .278 kg/d at 100 ml/min to .466 kg/d at 1,100 ml/min when pigs were fed at 35 C. There was a linear decrease in weight gain from .855 kg/d at 100 ml/min to .730 kg/d at 1,100 ml/min when pigs were fed at 5 C. The weight gain of control treatment pigs (.775 kg/d) equalled that of the pigs fed at 5 C and 600 ml/min flow rate (.744 kg/d). In the second trial, 120 crossbred barrows and gilts were weaned at 4.5 wk and fed in a commercial-type nursery held at 30 C for 4 wk, with water provided at rates of 100, 350, 600, 850 and 1,100 ml/min. There was no measurable effect of water flow rate on body weight gain, feed intake or feed conversion. Water use increased as flow rate increased, and time spent drinking at 100 ml/min increased nearly fourfold above the average time spent drinking by the other treatments.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6526752 TI - Relationships between the H and A-O blood types, phosphohexose isomerase and 6 phosphogluconate dehydrogenase red cell enzyme systems and halothane sensitivity, and economic traits in a superior and an inferior selection line of swiss landrace pigs. AB - Associations between production traits and the genes for halothane sensitivity (HAL), S, A and H blood group systems and phosphohexose isomerase (PHI) and 6 phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6-PGD) enzyme systems were investigated in two lines of pigs selected for an index. The phenotypic variance-covariance matrix of the index included backfat thickness and daily gain, whereas the genetic variance covariance matrix included daily gain, feed conversion and percentage of lean meat. The experiment was conducted at the experimental station of the Institute of Animal Production and has been underway since 1973. The same index was applied but in two opposite directions to give a superior and inferior line in relation to the production traits. One hundred twenty-nine animals of the superior line in the seventh generation and 88 animals of the inferior line in the sixth generation were studied. Forty-two percent (54/129) of the animals of the superior line were halothane-positive. No animals in the inferior line were halothane reactors. Of the halothane-positive pigs, 70.4% (38/54) in the superior line had the HaHa and 94.4% (51/54) had the SsSs genotype, whereas only 4% (3/75) of the HaHa and 12% (9/75) of the SsSs pigs were halothane-negative. By practicing selection at the H and S loci, it seems possible to efficiently reduce halothane sensitivity in Swiss Landrace pigs. In pigs of the superior line, there were significant differences in percentage of lean meat, carcass length, pH1 (pH value at 45 min to 1 h postmortem, M. longissimus) and reflectance values among genotypes of the HAL, S and H systems and among some genotypes of the 6-PGD system. Poorest meat quality, highest percentage of lean meat and shortest carcass length were observed in pigs homozygous for the alleles HALn, Ss, Ha, PHIB and 6-PGDA. In the inferior line, these associations were absent. As the HAL locus is associated with the above mentioned production traits, linkage disequilibria may explain the observed associations among the H, S, PHI and 6-PGD types and production traits. PMID- 6526753 TI - Lifetime productivity of purebred and crossbred cows of Angus and milking shorthorn parentage: weights and scores. AB - Lifetime productivity of 242 purebred and reciprocal crossbred Angus (A) and Milking Shorthorn (M) cows was studied. Cows were born in the fall during the 5 yr period from 1966 through 1970. Data from each parity, one through six, were analyzed separately by the method of least-squares. The basic statistical model included effects of breed of cow and year of cow birth plus the first-order interaction. Calf weight data were adjusted for effects of sex and calf age. Production stage was included for analyses of cow weights and condition scores. Data from parities seven through 13 were combined in one analysis with the effect of parity added to the model. Appropriate contrasts of estimates of breed means provided estimates of additive, heterotic, maternal and grandmaternal effects. Using pooled averages, crossbred cows were 22.5 kg (5.7%, P less than .01) heavier and .15 condition score units (5.3%, P less than .01) fatter than purebred cows. Condition scores of AM, MA and AA cows were higher (P less than .05) than those of MM cows. Calves from crossbred cows averaged 6.1 and 9.8 kg heavier (4.2 and 4.7%, P less than .01) at 120 and 210 d of age, respectively, than calves from purebred cows. Calves from AM, MA and MM dams were heavier (P less than .05) than those from AA dams. Calf weight at 210 d of age as a percentage of cow weight was used as a measure of efficiency of production. The heterosis contrast was 3.6% (P less than .01), which represented an 8.5% increase of the crossbreds relative to the mean of purebred cows (42.4%). PMID- 6526754 TI - Genetic variance components of birth weight in a herd of unselected cattle. AB - Two replicates of a randomly selected herd of Hereford cattle have been developed at the Livestock and Range Research Station in Miles City, Montana. Dams were first bred to a random selection of bulls in 1976. For this study, birth weights of 1,012 calves born in 1977 through 1983 were adjusted for sex, age of dam and year effects. Analyses were on the entire data set and a series of subsets. Subsets were determined by parental birth weights, either above (H) or below (L) the overall mean for parents of that sex. Subsets were: H sires X random dams; L sires X random dams; random sires X H dams; random sires X L dams; H sires X H dams; H sires X L dams; L sires X H dams and L sires X L dams. Two additional subsets were termed assortative (H X H and L X L) and disassortative (H X L and L X H) matings. Genetic variance components including additive direct effects (sigma 2A), additive maternal effects (sigma 2M) and a covariance between transmitted and maternal effects (sigma AM) were estimated by solving simultaneous equations after estimating coefficients for offspring-sire, offspring-dam and offspring-midparent mean regressions and a paternal half-sib covariance. Estimates for heritability of direct effects, heritability of maternal effects and the genetic correlation between transmitted and maternal effects (h2 A, h2M and rAM) were .36, .82 and -.51, respectively, in the overall data set but varied considerably when estimated in the subsets.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6526755 TI - Sire X environment interactions for growth traits of Hereford cattle. AB - Twelve Hereford bulls were used to sire calves in each of three locations in North Carolina over 6 yr. Three bulls were bred artificially to a random one third of the cows at each location each year. Locations represented the Mountain, Piedmont and Coastal Plain regions of the Southeast. As yearlings, steer progeny were fed a concentrate diet in a feedlot or grazed on pasture and then slaughtered in the fall. Performance records from 816 calves were used to evaluate sire X location interaction effects for birth weight, preweaning average daily gain and weaning weight. Performance records from 355 steers were used to investigate sire X location and sire X diet interactions for average daily gain, carcass weight and percentage fat in the rib section. For all traits, sire X location and sire X diet interactions were not significant. Estimates of genetic correlations of sire progeny performance across environments ranged from .50 to 1.25. However, when estimates of sire variances within each environment were used to adjust the genetic correlations for bias due to scale effects, all genetic correlations were greater than .90. These results suggest that sires rank similarly for breeding values across the range of locations and diets used in this study. PMID- 6526756 TI - Genetic correlations of pig performance and sow productivity traits. AB - Records for a total of 732 daughter-dam pairs were analyzed to estimate the genetic correlations of pig performance traits with sow productivity traits, with implications to the development of specialized sire and dam lines for use in crossing. Major pig performance traits analyzed included average daily gain from 56 d of age to a final weight of 90.7 kg (ADG), average backfat thickness at 90.7 kg (BF) and a performance index (PI) consisting of ADG and BF. Major sow productivity traits included number of pigs born alive in a litter (NA), litter size (N21) and litter weight (W21) at 21 d of age and two sow productivity indexes, one with NA, N21 and W21 (SPI-3) and one with NA and W21 (SPI-2). All records were expressed as deviations from breed-line-year-season means of this population. Genetic correlations were computed from daughter-dam covariances. The mean genetic correlation of PI with SPI consisted of two correlations, that of daughters' PI with dams' SPI and that of dams' PI with daughters' SPI. The mean genetic correlation of PI with SPI-3 and SPI-2 was .07 +/- .12, suggesting that concurrent improvement in both PI and SPI would not be restricted by selection within a single composite line. The genetic correlation of daughters' PI with dams' SPI (-.18 +/- .13) was appraised as more critical than the reciprocal correlation of dams' PI with daughters' SPI (+.28 +/- .13). This appraisal is based on the fact that only one generation separates a daughter's PI from her dam's SPI, as compared with two generations in the reciprocal covariance. However, the -.18 correlation was not significantly different from zero, indicating that formation of specialized sire and dam lines for use in crossing would be only marginally more effective at best for improving the overall efficiency in pork production than use of a single composite line, aside from the heterosis effects from crossing the lines. Indexes were proposed for combining PI and SPI for use either in specialized sire and dam lines or in a single composite line. PMID- 6526757 TI - The effect of parenteral use of estradiol, progesterone, testosterone and trenbolone on growth and carcass composition in pigs. AB - One hundred sixty-two Belgian Landrace pigs were fed ad libitum from 20 to 100 kg in individual pens (Exp. 1 and 2) or in group pens (Exp. 3). Boars were implanted in the range of 54 to 61 kg live weight with either estradiol-17 beta + progesterone (Exp. 1) or estradiol-17 beta + trenbolone (Exp. 2 and 3); barrows were treated in the same weight interval with either estradiol-17 beta + trenbolone (Exp. 1) or estradiol-17 beta + testosterone (Exp. 2); gilts received either estradiol-17 beta + testosterone at 60 kg (Exp. 1) or estradiol-17 beta + trenbolone at 57 kg (Exp. 2) and at 51 kg (Exp. 3). Growth performances and carcass characteristics were recorded. Carcass composition was evaluated by chemical analysis of the carcass (Exp. 1) or of the loin (Exp. 2). Regardless of sex of the pig, all hormone treatments adversely affected growth rate of the pigs, except that of gilts of Exp. 1 which had an improved rate of growth (P less than .05). There was a concomitant reduction of the voluntary feed intake in the cases of growth depression. The feed:gain ratio in this period was only improved (P less than .01) in the barrows of Exp. 1. The most striking feature concerned the carcass composition, which became leaner in all treated animals except for the boars in Exp. 1, where the carcass composition was unaffected by treatment. PMID- 6526758 TI - An investigation of the effect of hesperidin complex and lemon bioflavonoid complex on growth and development of thoroughbred horses. AB - The objective of this study was to determine the effect of Hesperidin Complex and Lemon Bioflavonoid Complex (HC/LBC) on the growth and development of thoroughbred horses. The trial involved twenty-four foals (12 colts, 12 fillies) allotted to treatment shortly after weaning. The study was conducted for a 342-d growing phase and a 153-d training phase, or a total of 495-d. The HC/LBC was included in the test diet at a level calculated to supply the compound at 55 mg X kg body weight-1 X d-1. During the growing phase, average daily gain of colts that received HC/LBC was higher (P less than .05) than gain of control fillies but not different from that of treated and control colts. No differences (P greater than .05) in daily gain due to treatment were observed during the growing phase, training phase, or the data for the combined growing and training phases. Differences between treatments in changes in height at the withers and knees during the growing phase were not significant. In the training phase, average daily height change values for colts was higher (P less than .05) than that of fillies; however, these differences were not related to diet treatment. Radiographs were taken of the epiphyseal plate of the knee initially and at approximately 120-d intervals. No differences (P greater than .05) were noted between diet treatments through d 365 of the trial. Radiographs taken upon termination of the trail (495 d) showed a difference (P less than .05) favoring fillies over colts, but no differences related to diet treatment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6526759 TI - An evaluation of various biological characteristics in assessing low phosphorus intake in weanling swine. AB - A total of 204 weanling pigs were utilized in an experiment of 3 X 3 factorial design (in three replicates) to evaluate the effects of feeding low P diets for a 35 d period on various growth, serum and bone measurement characteristics. Total dietary P levels of .23, .35 and .55% were fed in a Ca:P ratio of 1:1, 1.5:1 or 3:1. The basal diet was formulated using cornstarch, dextrin and soy protein concentrate with monosodium phosphate and limestone used to supply appropriate dietary levels of Ca and P. Growth, serum minerals and serum alkaline phosphatase were evaluated at 21 and 35 d of the trial. At the end of the experiment six pigs/treatment group were killed and bones were collected for various measurement criteria. Daily gain, feed intake and feed conversion were not affected by Ca:P ratio, but there was an increased gain and feed intake response to dietary P level. Serum inorganic P decreased with increasing dietary Ca:P ratio and also increased linearly as dietary P level increased. Serum alkaline phosphatase activity was not influenced by dietary Ca:P ratio, but did decrease as dietary P level increased. Bone bending moment increased quadratically as Ca:P ratio increased, but also increased linearly with dietary P level. Percentage bone ash, bone ash and organic matrix weights and the accretion of both the mineral and matrix components were not affected by Ca:P ratio, but each was influenced as dietary P increased. These data suggest that percentage bone ash, bone component weights and accretion measurement characteristics were more sensitive indicators of dietary P levels than bone bending moment, serum alkaline phosphatase and serum P, which in turn were superior to serum Ca, Mg and growth performance. PMID- 6526760 TI - Riboflavin requirement of gestating swine. AB - Forty crossbred gilts (9 to 10 mo of age) were used to determine the riboflavin requirement for gestating swine. Upon mating, gilts were assigned to one of five levels of dietary riboflavin (.77, 1.77, 2.77, 3.77 or 4.77 ppm) and individually fed 2.0 kg daily of the assigned diet throughout gestation. Gilts were bled on d 7, 24, 30, 35, 40, 56, 70, 84, 90 and 97 postcoitum. On d 1 postpartum, all sows and their live piglets were bled. Hemolysates of isolated, washed erythrocytes were prepared from blood samples and assayed to establish the erythrocyte glutathione reductase activity coefficient (EGRAC) as an indicator of the riboflavin status of each animal. The higher the EGRAC, the greater the severity of the riboflavin deficiency. During gestation, the EGRAC of gravid gilts increased with time in a manner dependent upon the level of dietary riboflavin. Postpartal EGRAC were elevated in dams fed the three lowest levels of dietary riboflavin during gestation. Of the six gravid gilts fed .77 ppm riboflavin, four gilts gave birth, approximately 7 d prematurely, to stillborn litters while two gilts failed to farrow by 121 d postcoitum. Litter weights at birth and gestation weight gains of these gilts were less than those of gilts fed the higher levels of riboflavin. Postnatal mortality of piglets was greater for those litters from sows fed 1.77 ppm riboflavin than for those from sows fed higher levels of riboflavin. The riboflavin status of newborn piglets was similar to that of their dams as determined by EGRAC.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6526762 TI - Effect of calcium phosphates and zinc in salt-mineral mixtures on ad libitum salt mix intake and on zinc and selenium status of sheep. AB - In two separate experiments, 72 crossbred ewes were fed hay, haylage (50% dry matter) and corn diets with ad libitum salt-mineral mixtures (SMM; Exp. 1) or salt (Exp. 2). Calcium phosphates (Ca X P) and(or) zinc (Zn) were added in a 2 X 2 factorial arrangement to salt + trace minerals for ewes 7 mo prepartum through lactation in Exp. 1 and to salt only for ewes 3 mo prepartum through lactation in Exp. 2. The diets fed were estimated to contain 23 and 28 mg Zn/kg dry diet (ppm), respectively, and .08 and .05 ppm Se. Large variations (up to fivefold) were found in SMM intake per month between replicates and from month-to-month within treatment; thus, monthly variations of up to sevenfold occurred in Zn and Se intakes of supplemented groups. There were no significant treatment effects on SMM intake. Small but significant Zn treatment effects were detected for plasma and wool Zn of ewes and lambs, but all values were in the normal range. There was no significant treatment effect on plasma alkaline phosphatase activity. In Exp. 2, erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity was significantly lower in all treatment groups compared with a Se-supplemented control group but only rare occurrences of subclinical muscular dystrophy were found. There was no significant treatment effect on GSH-Px activity, whole blood Se in ewes and lambs or plasma creatine phosphokinase activity in lambs. These results indicate large animal and seasonal variability in SMM intake and no significant treatment effects of Ca X P on SMM intake or on Zn and Se status. Zinc addition to SMM had no effect on Se status. PMID- 6526761 TI - Arsenic-sulfur amino acid interactions in the chick. AB - Experiments were conducted with growing crossbred chicks to determine the reasons why cysteine exacerbates roxarsone (3-nitro-4-hydroxyphenylarsonic acid) toxicity. A fortified corn-soybean meal diet that met or exceeded all nutrient requirements of the young chick was fed. While cysteine enhanced roxarsone toxicity, it had little effect on the toxicity of the inorganic arsenicals As2O3 and As2O5. The toxicity of another pentavalent organic arsenical, phenylarsonic acid, was also exacerbated by cysteine. In contrast, the growth-depression resulting from feeding the trivalent form of phenylarsonic acid, i.e., phenylarsine oxide, was not affected by dietary addition of cysteine. Supplementation of the diet with cystine, methionine or K2SO4 did not exacerbate roxarsone toxicity. Reduced glutathione (GSH), however, slightly increased the gain/feed depression resulting from feeding 300 mg roxarsone/kg diet. When injected ip 1) roxarsone and cysteine, or 2) roxarsone and ascorbic acid killed 100 or 60% of the birds, respectively, within 48 h postinjection. Few (6.7%) deaths resulted from ip injections of the same level of roxarsone alone. Therefore, the potentiation of toxicity requires pentavalent organic arsenicals and compounds that can act as reducing agents. We concluded that cysteine exacerbates roxarsone toxicity by reducing it to the more toxic trivalent state. PMID- 6526763 TI - Radiographic evaluation of bovine artificial inseminating technique among professional and herdsman-inseminators using .5- and .25-ml French straws. AB - Using radiography, inseminating syringe tip location and inseminate distribution in excised bovine reproductive tracts were described for 20 professional and 20 herdsman-inseminators using .5- and .25-ml French straws. Inseminations (20 by each participant) were performed in tracts placed on a device that stimulated the anatomical position of the reproductive organs in vivo. A computer-coupled graphics information digitizer was used to quantitate the precise location of the syringe tip and to estimate the distribution of radiopaque inseminate within the tract from each pair of radiographs. Neither category of inseminator (professional or herdsman) nor volume of inseminate (.5 vs .25 ml) influenced (P greater than .05) syringe tip placement or subsequent distribution of the radiopaque inseminate within the tract. The proportion of syringe tip placements in various anatomical locations (586 attempts) were: uterine body, 39%; cervix, 25%; left uterine lumen, 13% and right uterine lumen, 23%. The variability among inseminators was high, with the ability to position the syringe tip in the uterine body ranging from 0 to 85% of the 20 attempts. Among all inseminators, 82% were unable to place the syringe in the uterine body greater than 60% of the time. When averaged across all inseminations (n = 666), 40% of the inseminate was located in the uterine body and(or) equally distributed in the uterine lumina. The remainder of the inseminate was located in the cervix (17%) or disproportionately in one uterine lumen (43%). Syringe tip placement in the uterine body was correlated (r = .73; P less than .05) with the proportion of inseminate located in the uterine body and(or) equally distributed to the lumen of both uterine horns. Measurements of various anatomical components of the reproductive tract were made from the first radiograph. The means were: cervical diameter, 5.9 cm; length from internal cervical os to external uterine bifurcation, 16.4 cm; uterine body length, 1.7 cm and uterine body surface area, 3.6 cm2. There was no relationship between the palpable anatomical components and uterine body size. PMID- 6526764 TI - Operant treatment of orofacial dysfunction in neuromuscular disorders. AB - The popularity and reported success of biofeedback treatment for neuromuscular disorders has occurred despite a lack of research identifying the critical variables responsible for therapeutic gain. In this study, we assessed the degree to which severe neurological dysfunction could be improved by using one of the components present in all biofeedback treatment, contingency management. Three cases of orofacial dysfunction were treated by reinforcing specific improvements reliably detectable without the use of biofeedback equipment. The results showed that contingency management procedures alone were sufficient to improve overt motor responses but, unlike biofeedback treatment, did not produce decreases in the hypertonic muscle groups associated with the trained motor behavior. The findings suggest that sophisticated, expensive biofeedback equipment may not be necessary in treating some neuromuscular disorders and that important clinical gains may be achieved by redesigning the patient's daily environment to be contingently therapeutic, rather than only accommodating the disabilities of the physically handicapped. PMID- 6526765 TI - Teaching menstrual care to mentally retarded women: acquisition, generalization, and maintenance. AB - We evaluated a training package designed to teach menstrual care skills to five mild to severely mentally retarded women. Three specific skill areas (changing stained underwear; sanitary napkin; and both stained underwear and sanitary napkin) were task analyzed and taught in a sequential manner. Results of a multiple-baseline design across women indicated that the training package was successful in teaching these skills; the women continued to perform the skills during naturally occurring menses up to 5 months following termination of the study. PMID- 6526766 TI - Establishing generative yes/no responses in developmentally disabled children. AB - We evaluated the effects of two procedures for teaching four developmentally disabled children to respond yes/no appropriately. During baseline, tutoring was conducted in which five known items were individually presented with the question, "Is this a ----?", followed either by access to requested items or by remedial prompting contingent on responding. When tutoring did not improve performance, instruction was embedded in the regular classroom activities. In this condition, items requested by students were either presented or withheld on the basis of their response to the question, "Do you want ----?". Increases in correct responding were confirmed by a multiple-baseline design across all four students and were maintained with the introduction of new items. However, generalization to "Is this a ----?" questions did not occur in the tutoring setting until specifically programmed. Subsequently, students also demonstrated appropriate yes/no responding to questions involving actions, possession, and spatial relations. PMID- 6526767 TI - Training mildly handicapped peers to facilitate changes in the social interaction skills of autistic children. AB - We evaluated the effects of a peer-training strategy, consisting of direct prompting and modeling, on the occurrence and duration of interactions between autistic students and nonautistic peer-trainers. Data were obtained in both training and generalization settings. The results of a multiple-baseline design across students demonstrated that:the direct prompting procedure produced immediate and substantial increases in the occurrences and durations of positive social interactions between the peer-trainers and autistic students; these increases were maintained across time at levels above baseline during subsequent free-play probes; these findings were judged by teachers to be socially valid; untrained peers increased their interactions with the autistic students in three of the four groups; generalization of behavior change across settings occurred only after specific programming; and interactions between untrained peers and peer-trainers decreased following training. Variables that may account for the results and the implications of these findings for peer-mediated interventions are discussed. PMID- 6526768 TI - Contingent reinforcement for carbon monoxide reduction: within-subject effects of pay amount. AB - The relationship between reinforcer amount and daytime smoking reduction in smokers offered money for reduced afternoon breath carbon monoxide (CO) levels was examined. Twenty-three hired regular smokers with average baseline CO levels of about 30 ppm were exposed in random order to five sliding scale payment schedules that changed daily or weekly. Money was available for afternoon CO readings between 0 and 21 ppm with pay amount inversely related to the absolute CO reading obtained. Maximum pay amount for readings below 7 ppm varied among $0, $1.50, $3, $6, and $12 per day. Contingent reinforcement promoted CO and daytime cigarette reduction within individuals with the amount of behavior change related to the amount of payment available. Average CO levels decreased from 30 to 15 ppm as a function of pay amount whereas self-reported daytime cigarettes decreased from 12 to 5 per day. Average minutes of cigarette abstinence prior to the afternoon study contact increased from 62 to 319 minutes as a function of pay amount, whereas the percentage of available money earned increased from 22% to 48%. Nontargeted evening cigarette use also decreased during periods of daytime smoking reduction. The orderly effects of this contingent reinforcement intervention on daytime smoking of regular smoker volunteers suggest that this is a sensitive model for continued evaluation of factors that influence smoking reduction and cessation. PMID- 6526769 TI - The use of response prevention to eliminate nocturnal thumbsucking. AB - The effects of a response prevention strategy consisting of the fading of restraint and the removal of reinforcers on nocturnal thumbsucking behavior was evaluated in four experiments. In the first experiment, nocturnal thumbsucking was restrained for approximately 1 week by having each of two boys wear a boxing glove to bed. Next they wore absorbent cotton over the thumb for 11 nights. During the last phase in this condition, they wore a fingertip bandage over the thumb for 10 to 11 nights. The response prevention package completely eliminated thumbsucking behavior in both boys. In the second experiment, the removal of reinforcers alone for nocturnal thumbsucking had little or no effect on the thumbsucking behavior of three girls whereas the later introduction of the entire package completely suppressed thumbsucking in all three girls. In the third experiment, the package was evaluated in the absence of the glove restraint condition. The results showed that the treatment package was effective in the absence of the glove restraint condition for all three children. The final experiment examined whether the package could be effective if the absorbent cotton condition was abruptly removed without using the fingertip bandage condition. The results showed the treatment to be effective with one of two boys, but not the other. PMID- 6526771 TI - Comments on "A simplified time-series analysis for evaluating treatment interventions". PMID- 6526770 TI - Teacher- versus peer-mediated instruction: an ecobehavioral analysis of achievement outcomes. AB - In three experiments, we compared the effects of instructional arrangements that varied in: teacher versus peer mediators, methods used, levels of student academic responding generated, and content taught and tested. Instructional arrangements (i.e., tasks, structure, teacher position, teacher behavior) and students' levels of academic responding were measured by an observation system which served as an index of the independent variables. Students' accuracy on weekly spelling, arithmetic, and vocabulary tests and pre- and post-standardized achievement tests (Experiments 2 and 3 only) were the dependent variables. Results indicated that the classwide peer tutoring, compared to the teacher's procedure, produced more student academic responding and higher weekly test scores, regardless of treatment order or subject matter content (Experiment 1). The four lowest performing students in each class, in particular, benefited from peer tutoring, often performing as well as the other students. These findings were replicated in Experiments 2 and 3 wherein content taught/tested was also manipulated. Standardized test score gains were higher in those areas in which peer tutoring was used longest. Issues related to the functional analysis of instruction and achievement gain are discussed. PMID- 6526773 TI - An alternating treatments comparison of oral and total communication training with minimally verbal retarded children. AB - This study was a comparison of the effects of oral speech with total communication (speech plus sign language) training on the ability of mentally retarded children to repeat 4-word sentences. Three children were chosen who used single words to communicate but who did not combine words into complete sentences. Three sentence pairs were trained, with each pair having one sentence trained using oral methods and an equivalent one trained using the total communication approach. Both training procedures involved chaining sentence parts, reinforcement, and prompting. Oral methods involved presenting vocal stimuli and requiring vocal responses whereas total communication methods involved presenting vocal and signed stimuli and requiring vocal and signed responses. For the initial sentence pair with each child, an alternating treatments design was used to determine the relative efficacy of the two language training approaches. This was repeated with a second and third sentence pair using a multiprobe technique within a multiple baseline design. Results pointed to the superiority of the total communication approach in facilitating sentence repetition. Possible explanations of these results are offered and the utility of the alternating treatments experimental design is discussed. PMID- 6526774 TI - Proceedings of the symposium on calcium channel blocking agents in the treatment of asthma. Bermuda, May 4-5, 1984. PMID- 6526772 TI - Reducing self-injury and corresponding self-restraint through the strategic use of protective clothing. AB - We examined the use of protective clothing to reduce a retarded male's face punching and leg-kicking and two corresponding forms of self-restraint--arm and leg self-restraint. The resident was observed each day in three sessions of randomly ordered conditions (one condition per session): without any protective clothing, with a padded helmet, and with a padded helmet and padded slippers. Use of the padded helmet substantially reduced face-punching and arm self-restraint. The addition of padded slippers reduced leg-kicking and leg self-restraint. These results suggest a practical and effective means of controlling self-injury and self-restraint. They are also consistent with the possibility that the resident's arm restraint was maintained in part by escape or avoidance of face-punching and that his leg restraint was maintained in part by escape or avoidance of leg kicking. PMID- 6526775 TI - Calcium channel antagonists in the treatment of asthma. AB - The pathophysiologic processes that contribute to airway obstruction in asthma involve Ca2+-dependent excitation-contraction and stimulus-secretion coupling mechanisms. The emergence of new compounds that specifically inhibit Ca2+ flux across membrane ionic channels has stimulated widespread interest in the therapeutic potential of these agents in asthma. Studies with these agents in relevant in vitro test systems and animal models, however, have yielded conflicting results and have thus far failed to furnish strong support for a therapeutic role. In human studies, these agents have been found to inhibit exercise-induced bronchospasm, but their ability to inhibit the effects of other stimuli and to dilate airways is equivocal. In general, clinical trials with currently approved drugs--diltiazem, nifedipine, and verapamil--are limited by potency, formulation, and side effects of these agents. What future role, if any, Ca2+ channel antagonists will have in the treatment of asthma is likely to depend on the development of newer agents with greater tissue selectivity at the level of airway smooth muscle and mast cells. PMID- 6526776 TI - Ventriculo-atrial shunt producing pulmonary hypertension. PMID- 6526777 TI - Pycnodysostosis. PMID- 6526778 TI - Volvulus of the stomach. PMID- 6526779 TI - Tolosa-Hunt syndrome. PMID- 6526780 TI - Sinus node dysfunction in uremia. PMID- 6526781 TI - Possible sensitization by filarial antigens in diethyl-carbamazine (DEC) responsive bronchial asthma. A preliminary enquiry. PMID- 6526782 TI - Atropine and cimetidine in duodenal ulcer. PMID- 6526783 TI - Plasma lipids and lipoprotein cholesterol in patients with premature ischaemic heart disease and ischaemic cerebrovascular disease. PMID- 6526785 TI - Evaluation of blood glucose measurements by chemstrips with or without reflectance meter. PMID- 6526784 TI - Serum alkaline phosphatase activity in diabetes mellitus. PMID- 6526786 TI - Glutathione S-transferases in diabetes. PMID- 6526787 TI - Procedure to avoid interference of uric acid and urates with the heat test for Bence Jones proteins. PMID- 6526788 TI - Tetralogy of Fallot with absent pulmonary valve. PMID- 6526789 TI - Staphylococcus epidermidis causing empyema in an elderly man. PMID- 6526790 TI - Microthrombocytic thrombopathic thrombocytopenia. PMID- 6526791 TI - Sideroblastic anaemia progressing to preleukaemia. PMID- 6526792 TI - Serum lipid in chronic renal failure. PMID- 6526793 TI - Inadequate inhibition of central catecholaminergic neurones--mechanism of human hypertension. PMID- 6526794 TI - Urinary tract infections--causative organisms and their varying sensitivity over a five year period. PMID- 6526795 TI - Study of urinary tract infection in diabetic subjects. PMID- 6526796 TI - Different therapeutic regimens in irritable bowel syndrome. PMID- 6526797 TI - Precursors of atherosclerosis in children. PMID- 6526798 TI - Thyroid disease in diabetes mellitus. PMID- 6526799 TI - Arthroscopy. PMID- 6526800 TI - Multiple myeloma. PMID- 6526801 TI - Renal amyloidosis with ankylosing spondylitis. PMID- 6526802 TI - Anterior internuclear ophthalmoplegia. PMID- 6526803 TI - Kala-azar in Himachal Pradesh: a new pocket. PMID- 6526804 TI - Medullary carcinoma of thyroid presenting as ectopic Cushing's syndrome. PMID- 6526805 TI - Common peroneal neuropathy in severe tetanus. PMID- 6526806 TI - Polycythemia vera with acute peripheral neuropathy. PMID- 6526807 TI - Late generalized tuberculosis. PMID- 6526808 TI - Two species of chromatin-RNA polymerase II complex are commonly present in nuclei of various tissues of rats. AB - When rat liver nuclei were digested with nuclease, we found that the chromatin bound RNA polymerase II was liberated as two distinct complexes, peak 1 and peak 2, which seemed to reflect different functional states in cell nuclei. We further examined their occurrence in nuclear digests of various tissues of rats and the following results were obtained. Upon digestion with micrococcal nuclease of nuclei from brain, spleen, testis and kidney, chromatin-bound RNA polymerase II was liberated as two distinct forms which sedimented differently in a sucrose density gradient. The sedimentation rate of peak 1 varied depending on the tissue nuclei examined. After high salt or RNase treatment of the nuclear digests, peak 1 from liver, brain, spleen and testis nuclei showed the same sedimentation rate as did kidney peak 1, the rate for which remained unchanged by these treatments. The results suggested that peak 1 complexes from various tissue nuclei had basically the same structural organization, and we confirmed this by electrophoretic studies on RNase-treated liver and kidney nuclear digests. Peak 2 from various tissue nuclei exhibited identical sedimentation rates. Thus, the chromatin-bound RNA polymerase II seems to exist commonly in two distinct states in cell nuclei of rats. PMID- 6526809 TI - On flagellar formation in Caulobacter crescentus: novel flagellin synthesis in stub-forming non-motile mutants of C. crescentus. AB - Defective flagellar organella, stubs, and flagellin synthesis by L [35S]methionine labeling of two non-motile mutants of C. crescentus CB15 were studied. CB15 wild type synthesized two flagellin species, flagellin A of molecular weight 26,000 and flagellin B of molecular weight 28,000. A DNA phage phi0CbK-resistant non-motile mutant, CB15 pdr-816 [Fukuda et al. (1981) J. Bacteriol. 145, 559-572] did not synthesize flagellin B but synthesized large amounts of flagellin A and a novel flagellin of smaller molecular weight 22,000 (22K flagellin), and formed stubs composed of both flagellin A and 22K flagellin. The other mutant, CB15 fla-801 synthesized only 22K flagellin and formed very short stubs composed of 22K flagellin. Motile revertants were isolated from these mutants. Full revertants were isolated from CB15 fla-801 at a frequency of ca. 10(-7). However, only partial revertants swimming slowly were obtained from CB15 pdr-816 at a similar frequency. Such partial revertants synthesized only flagellin A and formed short flagella in spite of the fact that flagellin A was still synthesized at a higher level than in the wild type. Given the previous finding that flagellin B first polymerizes onto the hook followed by addition of flagellin A onto flagellin B filament [Koyasu et al. (1981) J. Mol. Biol. 153, 471-475], flagellin B seems very important in the formation of normal flagella in C. crescentus. A small amount of 22K flagellin was detected even in wild type cell. Neither conversion nor alteration was observed in flagellin A or B or 22K flagellin by short-pulse and pulse-chase experiments. It was thus suggested that 22K flagellin was not a degradation product formed from other flagellins but was of different origin from flagellins A and B. C. crescentus flagellins consist of several subspecies of different isoelectric points. 22K flagellin consisted of at least three subspecies, in two-dimensional gel, with more basic isoelectric points than other flagellins. Heterogeneity in isoelectric point of polymerized and nascent flagellins was similar, indicating that each subspecies of different isoelectric point can polymerize into filament, and that conversion between subspecies is not needed to form flagellar filament. PMID- 6526810 TI - Formation of cadmium-binding peptide allomorphs in fission yeast. AB - It has been reported that two kinds of Cd-binding peptide (Cd-BP1 and Cd-BP2) are induced in fission yeast upon exposure to Cd, and that they consist of the same unit peptide (cadystin), but Cd-BP1 binds 1.5 times more Cd atoms per cadystin than Cd-BP2 (Murasugi, A., Wada, C., & Hayashi, Y. (1981) J. Biochem. 90, 1561 1564). The relative amount of each allomorphic Cd-BP in the cell varied with time after induction and with the concentration of Cd in the induction medium. Further, the production of acid-labile sulfide in the cell increased greatly upon exposure to Cd and varied with time after Cd addition and with Cd concentration in the medium, as in the case of Cd-BP1. Since Cd-BP1 contains labile sulfide, the increase of labile sulfide production together with the increase of cellular Cd concentration may be the driving force to form Cd-BP1, resulting in the increase of the relative amount of Cd-BP1. PMID- 6526811 TI - Purification and characterization of a cellulase from Dolabella auricularia. AB - A highly purified cellulase [EC 3.2.1.4] preparation (B beta) was obtained from a crude extract of gastric teeth of Dolabella auricularia by successive chromatographies on Sephadex G-100, DEAE-Toyopearl and CM-Toyopearl. The purified cellulase showed a single protein band on disc electrophoresis, and its isoelectric point was at pH 8.6. It contained relatively large amounts of basic amino acids and its molecular weight was estimated to be approximately 44,000 by sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) electrophoresis. The highest activity of this enzyme was attained at pH 6.3, but the enzyme was rather labile to heat. The activity of this enzyme was strongly inhibited by Hg2+, Mn2+, Zn2+, and Cu2+, whereas Ca2+ and Mg2+ showed no significant effect on the activity. The purified cellulase hydrolyzed sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and phosphoric acid-swollen cellulose (swollen cellulose), as well as cellooligosaccharides and their reduction products, in an endowise fashion. It produced higher cellooligosaccharides effectively from swollen cellulose. Cellooligosaccharides with degrees of polymerization of 4-6 (G4-G6) were also hydrolyzed by the purified cellulase, but the modes of hydrolysis of these oligosaccharides were different from each other. The enzyme did not effectively attack cellooligosaccharides lower than G4. It produced G4 and G2 from G6, and G4 and glucose from G5. When these oligosaccharides were modified by reduction with sodium borotritide, the second linkage from the reducing end became, in each case, significantly susceptible to the enzyme and was preferentially cleaved. PMID- 6526812 TI - pH dependence of the binding constant of a phospholipase A2 from Agkistrodon halys blomhoffii venom to micelles of n-hexadecylphosphorylcholine. AB - The phospholipase A2 from the venom of A. halys blomhoffii was titrated with micellar n-hexadecylphosphorylcholine (an analog of lysolecithin) by following the tryptophyl fluorescence change at 25 degrees C and ionic strength 0.1. The data were analyzed by assuming that the micellar surface has multiple binding sites for the enzyme and that these sites are identical and mutually independent. The enzyme binding site was found to accommodate a constant number of the substrate (monomer) molecules, N = 10.0 and 6.7 for the apoenzyme and its Ca2+ complex, respectively. The binding constant of the enzyme to the substrate micelle was found to be enhanced by Ca2+ binding to the enzyme. The pH dependence of the binding constant of the apoenzyme to the micelle was well interpreted in terms of pK shifts of two ionizable groups from 5.16 to 5.67 and from 6.45 to 6.6. The pH-dependence curve for the enzyme-Ca2+ complex, which lacked the former transition, was interpreted in terms of the pK shift of a single ionizable group from 5.55 to 5.76. The former ionizable group was assigned as Asp 49, to which Ca2+ ion can coordinate, and the latter as His 48 in the active site. No participation of the alpha-amino group with a pK value of 7.30 was observed. The binding constant of the enzyme to the substrate micelle, Kmic = 0.45-2.3 X 10(6) M-1, was found to be far greater than that to the monomeric substrate, Kmon = 0.2 1.0 X 10(4) M-1. This was interpreted in terms of the presence of an additional weak substrate-binding site in the enzyme molecule. PMID- 6526813 TI - Acquisition of native structure from reduced Trimeresurus flavoviridis phospholipase A2. AB - Oxidation of reduced T. flavoviridis phospholipase A2 under suitable conditions resulted in recovery of its active, native structure. The oxidized product was eluted at the same positions as native phospholipase A2 on reserved phase column and DEAE-Toyopearl 650M column chromatographies. The native and regenerated proteins were also identical in mobility on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and in circular dichroism spectra. Des-octapeptide(1-8)-phospholipase A2 (L fragment), which shows only greatly reduced activity, was reduced and oxidized but no effective reformation of the native structure was found, indicating that the entire sequence is required for efficient reorganization. PMID- 6526814 TI - Rapid regulation of L-type pyruvate kinase mRNA by fructose in diabetic rat liver. AB - The effect of fructose on the induction of L-type pyruvate kinase mRNA in diabetic rat liver was studied by using a cloned cDNA probe. Fructose feeding resulted in a 5- to 6-fold increase in the L-type enzyme mRNA level after 1 to 3 days. These changes were approximately proportional to the changes in the level of translatable mRNA of this enzyme. A significant increase in total cellular L type enzyme mRNA level was observed within 2 h after fructose feeding and the level reached a maximum after 8 h. Dietary glycerol also markedly increased the L type mRNA level. These alterations were essentially due to the changes in the cytosolic mRNA. Northern blot analysis of total cellular RNA revealed that two L type enzyme mRNA species with molecular sizes of 2.1 and 3.6 kilobases were proportionally increased during the fructose induction. The two mRNA forms were found in immunopurified L-type enzyme mRNA and directed synthesis of the L-type subunit in vitro; they are therefore functional mature forms. In contrast, analysis of nuclear RNA showed five putative precursor RNA species for the enzyme, up to 9.4 kilobases in length, in the liver of fructose-fed rats, while no band of the RNA species was found in the nuclei of control liver. The changes in the number of bands of these RNA species and their intensities after fructose feeding preceded the changes in the level of total cellular L-type enzyme mRNA sequences. These results indicate that dietary fructose causes a rapid increase in the level of L-type pyruvate kinase mRNA sequences by acting at the nuclear level. PMID- 6526815 TI - Studies on the metabolism of unsaturated fatty acids. XV. Purification and properties of 2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase from rat liver peroxisomes. AB - Peroxisomal 2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase was purified from rat liver to homogeneity. The subunit molecular weight of 33,000 was determined by sodium dodecyl sulfatepolyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The native molecular weight close to 120,000 was estimated by gel filtration on Sephacryl S-300 Superfine. trans-2, trans-4-Decadienoyl-CoA was the most active substrate among the dienoyl-CoA's of various chain lengths. The total activity of peroxisomal 2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase exceeded that of the mitochondrial one even in the livers of rats fed with a standard diet. Furthermore both reductases were remarkably and coordinately induced in the livers of clofibrate-treated rats. PMID- 6526816 TI - Gene-regulated expression of glycolipids: appearance of GD3 ganglioside in rat cells on transfection with transforming gene E1 of human adenovirus type 12 DNA and its transcriptional subunits. AB - Malignant transformation is known to be associated with characteristic changes of cell surface glycolipids, but the genetic background and underlying molecular mechanism of these changes are still unknown. Incorporation of oncogenic elements into cultured cells should provide a useful model for studies on this problem. We analyzed gangliosides of a clonal and fibroblastic rat cell line, 3Y1, and its transformed counterparts, E1Y, HY1, and CY1 cell lines. E1Y cells were established by transfection of 3Y1 cells with the transforming gene E1, minimum DNA fragment of human adenovirus type 12 (Ad 12) required for complete transformation of cells. HY1 cell line is the cells established with E1A which is a transcriptional subunit of the E1 and can transform incompletely cells. CY1 was established by co-transfection with parts of non-transforming gene E3 and E4 of Ad 12 DNA in addition to the E1. GD3 ganglioside (NeuAc alpha 2-8NeuAc alpha 2 3Gal beta 1-4Glc beta 1-1Cer) appeared in all these transfection-transformed cells but was undetectable in untransformed control cells. The appearance of GD3 was undoubtedly due to expression of E1A gene in association with oncogenic cell transformation. The expression of other gangliosides, particularly GM2 and GM1, were also influenced by transfection, but their expressions depended on the kind of oncogenic DNA fragments used. These results all suggest that ganglioside metabolism is under unexpectedly complicated gene control. PMID- 6526817 TI - Utilizations of various uridine 5'-triphosphate analogues by DNA-dependent RNA polymerases I and II purified from liver nuclei of the cherry salmon (Oncorhynchus masou). AB - Various 5-substituted UTPs (methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, n-butyl, fluoro, chloro, bromo, and iodo) and sulfur-containing UTP analogues (4-thio-, 2-thio-, 5-methyl 2-thio-, and 5-methyl-4-thio-) were synthesized chemically and their utilization by DNA-dependent-RNA polymerases I and II of the cherry salmon (Oncorhynchus masou) were studied in substitution experiments under the condition of limited RNA synthesis in vitro. RNA polymerase I utilized the 5-methyl-, chloro, bromo, and iodo derivatives of UTP more efficiently than unmodified UTP, but RNA polymerase II utilized UTP most efficiently. 5-Methyl-4-thiouridine 5' triphosphate (4-thio TTP) was utilized more efficiently than UTP by RNA polymerase I. On the other hand, it was found that 4-thio TTP was a selective substrate for RNA polymerase I and that its incorporation by RNA polymerase II was very slow. Thus recognition of UTP analogues as substrates by RNA polymerase I and II was different. These observation were attributed from kinetic analyses to differences in catalytic activity (Vmax). PMID- 6526818 TI - O-Acetylhomoserine sulfhydrylase of the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe: partial purification, characterization, and its probable role in homocysteine biosynthesis. AB - A crude extract of Schizosaccharomyces pombe cells catalyzed sulfhydrylation of both O-acetyl-L-serine and O-acetyl-L-homoserine with H2S, but did not synthesize cystathionine from O-acetyl-L-homoserine and L-cysteine. The O-acetylhomoserine sulfhydrylase [EC 4.2.99.10] was very unstable; however, it could be stabilized by the addition of 25% (w/w) sucrose or glycerol. The optimal pH for activity was 8.0 and that for stability was 7.0. The enzyme was purified approximately 300 fold from an ammonium sulfate-precipitated fraction. L-Methionine was the most effective inhibitor among the amino acids examined. It inhibited the enzyme competitively with respect to OAH with a Ki value of 2.6 mM. Sulfhydrylase activity was inhibited to various extents by some carbonyl reagents, but sulfhydryl reagents such as p-chloromercuribenzoic acid, 5,5'-dithio-bis(2 nitrobenzoic acid), and monoiodoacetic acid had no inhibitory effect. The enzyme also reacted with O-succinylhomoserine and L-homoserine to synthesize homocysteine directly, but could not utilize cysteine as a co-substrate in place of H2S. In the sulfhydrylation reactions, Km values for the substrates ranged from 10.4-12.5 mM. The enzyme was resolved to the apoenzyme by incubation with phenylhydrazine and reactivated by the addition of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate, whose Km value was 0.083 microM. The molecular weight of the enzyme was estimated to be approximately 186,000 by gel filtration and 170,000 by ultracentrifugation in sucrose density gradients. The isolectric point of the protein was pH 4.1. The characteristics of this enzyme are compared with those of physiologically functional sulfhydrylases reported for other organisms, and the possibility of the enzyme functioning as a homocysteine synthase is discussed. PMID- 6526819 TI - A monoclonal antibody to rat liver ornithine decarboxylase. AB - A monoclonal antibody was obtained against rat liver ornithine decarboxylase by using hybridoma technology with a small amount of partially purified enzyme. The antibody, IgG1 of kappa-type, was affinity-purified to homogeneity from culture supernatants of hybridoma cells. While the antibody had no inhibitory effect on ornithine decarboxylase activity when tested alone, it precipitated up to 87 units (60 ng) of the enzyme per microgram in the presence of formalin-fixed Staphylococcus aureus Cowan I bacteria. Immunoadsorption on a column of the monoclonal antibody-Sepharose 4B was shown to be useful for the removal of ornithine decarboxylase from antizyme inhibitor preparations, an essential procedure for the accurate assay of either ornithine decarboxylase-antizyme complex or antizyme inhibitor. It was also shown that antizyme could be affinity purified by using a column of the monoclonal antibody-Affi-Gel 10 to which ornithine decarboxylase had been bound. PMID- 6526820 TI - Biosynthesis of the internal thioester bond of the third component of complement. AB - C3-translational product, which was synthesized with rabbit liver mRNA in a reticulocyte lysate protein-synthesizing system, did not react with [14C]methylamine, indicating the lack of an internal thioester bond. Instead, the C3-translational product reacted with iodo[1-14C]acetamide, as determined by gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate after immunoprecipitation of the product, indicating the presence of a reactive thiol group. When the C3-translational product was treated with rabbit liver homogenate, the product acquired reactivity with [14C]methylamine and lost the reactivity with iodo[1-14C]acetamide. Thus, the liver homogenate seemed to contain a factor (or factors) required for the formation of an internal thioester bond. The factor was partially purified from the liver homogenate by ammonium sulfate precipitation and ion-exchange chromatography on DEAE-cellulose. PMID- 6526821 TI - Purification and characterization of two cyclic AMP-independent protein kinases from AH-66 hepatoma ascites cells. AB - Casein kinase 1 (CK 1) and casein kinase 2 (CK 2) were purified from the cytosol fraction of AH-66 cells to electrophoretic homogeneity by a simple procedure based on our finding that CK 1 and CK 2 are chromatographically distinct on phosvitin-Sepharose. The amino acid composition of CK 2 resembles those of cyclic AMP-dependent and cyclic GMP-dependent protein kinases but is considerably different from that of CK 1. Both CK 1 and CK 2 were markedly stimulated by low concentrations of spermine and spermidine but were practically unaffected by putrescine. When CK 1 and CK 2 were added back to AH-66 cytosol, they promoted the phosphorylation of the same cytosolic proteins that were phosphorylated endogenously. Although most of the cytosolic proteins phosphorylated by CK 1 and CK 2 were common, some proteins were preferentially phosphorylated by either CK 1 or CK 2. Interestingly, CK 1 was able to phosphorylate the plasma membrane proteins of AH-66 cells. In contrast, enhancement of the phosphorylation of the membrane proteins by CK 2 was practically undetectable. PMID- 6526822 TI - Formaldehyde dehydrogenase from Pseudomonas putida: a zinc metalloenzyme. AB - The NAD+-dependent formaldehyde dehydrogenase from Pseudomonas putida C-83 was found to contain 4 gram atoms of zinc per mol, corresponding to 2 gram atoms of zinc per subunit monomer. Treatment of the enzyme with o-phenanthroline resulted in removal of 1 gram atom of zinc per subunit and caused a complete inactivation of the enzyme. The activity lost was restored by the addition of zinc ions, by which the zinc content was also reversed to almost the same level as that of the native enzyme. Another zinc atom that was resistant to metal chelator-treatment was liberated from the enzyme only after the irreversible denaturation of the enzyme. These results indicate that the formaldehyde dehydrogenase of P. putida is a zinc metalloenzyme and one of two zinc atoms per subunit participates in the catalytic activity of the enzyme, another zinc being presumably involved in maintaining the native conformation of the enzyme. Treatment of the enzyme with bipyridine also caused a reversible inactivation of the enzyme, but the zinc content remained unchanged. The spectrophotometric analysis indicated that the formation of a enzyme-Zn-bipyridine complex took place. Incubation of the enzyme with p-chloromercuribenzoate also resulted in a complete loss of the activity. These results suggest that an intrinsic zinc and sulfhydryl group together with NAD+ participate in the dehydrogenation reaction of substrate by the enzyme. PMID- 6526823 TI - Purification and characterization of glutamyl-tRNA synthetase from an extreme thermophile, Thermus thermophilus HB8. AB - Glutamyl-tRNA synthetase has been isolated from an extreme thermophile, Thermus thermophilus HB8. The enzyme has been purified to homogeneity by successive chromatography on columns of DEAE-cellulose, DEAE-Sephacel, phosphocellulose and hydroxyapatite. 11.7 mg of purified enzyme has been obtained from 2 kg of T. thermophilus cells, with a purification factor of 600 with an 11% yield. From gel permeation chromatography and sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, the enzyme is found to be a monomer protein with a molecular weight of 50,000. The optimum temperature for the aminoacylation of T. thermophilus tRNAGlu is 65 degrees C, and the optimum pH range is 8.0-9.0, in the presence of 5 mM Mg2+. The Km values for ATP, L-glutamate, and T. thermophilus tRNAGlu are 230 microM, 70 microM, and 0.65 microM, respectively, in the presence of 50 mM KCl and 10 mM MgCl2 at pH 8.0 at 65 degrees C. Escherichia coli tRNA2Glu is also a good substrate with a Km value of 0.60 microM at 65 degrees C. The mole fractions of Arg and Leu residues are higher and that of Asx residues is lower than those of E. coli glutamyl-tRNA synthetase. Glutamyl-tRNA synthetase from T. thermophilus is remarkably thermostable; even after incubation for 9 h at 65 degrees C, 70% of the enzyme activity is retained in the absence of any protecting factors. Such an extremely thermostable enzyme with a low molecular weight will be useful for detailed physiochemical analyses on the molecular mechanism of strict recognition by aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases. PMID- 6526824 TI - Glycosylation of a receptor specific for asialoglycoproteins in rat liver. AB - Glycosylation of a rat receptor specific for asialoglycoproteins was investigated in vivo by using monospecific antibody. After intravenous injection of [3H]mannose, the receptor protein was immunoprecipitated from various subcellular fractions and the glycopeptide and oligosaccharide chains of the protein were prepared by treatment with pronase and endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase H. The glycopeptides thus prepared from the rough and smooth microsomes and Golgi heavy fraction (GF3) were all sensitive to endo H and most of the endo H-sensitive oligosaccharides were eluted at the position considered to correspond to Man8GlcNAc on high-resolution Bio-Gel chromatography. Endo H-resistant forms were first detected in the Golgi intermediate fraction (GF2) and significantly in the light Golgi fraction (GF1), suggesting the formation of the complex-type oligosaccharide chains in the latter fraction. This view was also supported by the almost exclusive addition of the terminal sugars such as N-acetylglucosamine, galactose, and sialic acid in GF1. These results suggest that the major form of the oligosaccharide chains from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi apparatus is Man8GlcNAc2 and that the processing of these large mannosyloligosaccharide chains and subsequent addition of terminal sugars to them are performed successively in the trans-Golgi region. PMID- 6526825 TI - The use of color in anatomical and surgical illustration. AB - This segment on color usage in medical illustration concerns itself with formulas and instruction for the coloration of skin tones, internal organs, and selected body tissues. Color formulas which have been gleaned from both subjective observation and experimentation are suggested. These are based on artwork which has been produced and accepted by knowledgeable surgeons, medical publishers, and numerous medical illustrators and which has been deemed acceptable within that arbitrary and personal range recognized as "normal". PMID- 6526826 TI - Tumorigenicity of Vero cells. AB - One of the current criteria for evaluating the acceptability of cell lines for use in vaccine production is lack of tumorigenicity. Vero cells represent an example of a class of cells known as continuous cell lines. They were derived from African green monkey kidney, and their growth properties and culture characteristics have many advantages over other cell substrates for use in vaccine production. We have tested Vero cells for tumorigenicity in nude mice and in a human muscle organ culture system, and found a significant increase in their tumorigenic potential with increasing passage numbers. Cells at passage 232 and higher produced nodules in all nude mice inoculated. Histologically the nodules were well defined, anaplastic tumors, which exhibited some of the characteristics of renal adenocarcinomas. In about 6 to 8 days all of the nodules began to regress. Data were obtained that suggested an immune mechanism was the basis for the regression phenomenon. PMID- 6526827 TI - The assay of endotoxin by intravenous injection of lead acetate-treated mice. AB - A new intravenous endotoxin assay method (i.v. method) for the determination of very small amounts of endotoxin was studied in mice pre-treated intraperitoneally with lead acetate and was compared with an earlier intraperitoneal (i.p.) method in which both endotoxin and lead acetate were administered by the i.p. route. Linear dose-response relationships were obtained for both the i.v. and i.p. methods between logarithmic doses of endotoxin and the responses measured as body weight ratios on the first day. The range of the linearity was longer in the i.v. method than that in the i.p. method. In the i.v. method, linearity extended to much smaller doses of endotoxin than in the i.p. method. The slope of the dose response line obtained by the i.v. method was flatter than that obtained by the i.p. method. The minimum detectable dose defined as the smallest dose of endotoxin producing a mean response statistically distinguishable from that of the control was in the nanogram order and smaller than that obtained by the i.p. method. Therefore the i.v. method may be more suitable than the i.p. method for detection of very small amounts of endotoxin. The non-parallelism of the dose response lines obtained in lead acetate-treated and untreated mice was demonstrated in the i.v. method as well as in the i.p. method. PMID- 6526828 TI - [Thermal stability of lyophilized 17D yellow fever virus vaccine. I. Trial of protective substances]. PMID- 6526829 TI - Quantitative analysis of 23-valent 'Pneumovax' by automated rate nephelometry. PMID- 6526830 TI - Physical properties of cross-linked polyethylene foam (Plastazote) under clinical conditions. AB - Cross-linked polyethylene foam (Plastazote) has been used in the management of painful foot disorders occurring in a number of disease processes. A series of mechanical tests have been performed under varying clinically encountered conditions to show a relationship between the deformation of the material and the load applied to it. This has allowed the development of a method of assessment of the footprint impressed in a weight-bearing insole, and may help to clarify the observed results of treatment. PMID- 6526831 TI - Surface EMG and torsion measurements during snow skiing: laboratory and field tests. AB - The relationship between mean rectified EMG (MREMG) measured with surface electrodes and the longitudinal torsion of the lower extremity was investigated in laboratory and snow skiing experiments. Linear regression of the MREMG from the gluteus medius and the peroneus longus with the torsion measured at the foot in the laboratory tests showed that torsion can be predicted with correlation coefficients greater than 0.95 and with a standard deviation less than 5 Nm over all knee flexions and weight bearing. A similar correspondence between MREMG and torsion during skiing does not exist. MREMG is dominantly correlated to posture and body position control functions in skiing. During falling, during ski binding release, and during possible injury sustaining situations, the MREMG was always relatively large, but it was not distinguishable from that associated with smaller torsion of the lower extremity. PMID- 6526832 TI - Stress changes in the femoral head due to porous ingrowth surface replacement arthroplasty. AB - Finite element stress analyses were conducted of the canine femoral head before and after implantation of various surface replacement-type components. The femoral head was replaced by four implant geometries; (a) shell, (b) shell with peg, (c) shell with rod, and (d) a new epiphyseal replacement design. All implants were modelled to simulate bony ingrowth along the underside of the shell and along the surfaces of the peg and rod. The results indicated that in the normal femur the forces are transferred from the articular surface through the femoral head cancellous bone to the inferior cortical shell of the femoral neck. After shell-type surface replacement, forces were transferred more distally at the rim of the shell and at the end of the peg or rod, thereby reducing the stresses in the proximal head cancellous bone. Computer simulation of bone remodelling due to proximal bone stress reduction was shown to accentuate the abnormality of the stress fields. Surface replacement with a lower modulus material created a less abnormal redistribution of bone stresses. The new epiphyseal replacement design resulted in stress distributions similar to those in the normal femoral head and minimal shear stresses at the implant/bone interface. These findings suggest that the epiphyseal replacement concept may provide better initial mechanical integrity and create a more benign milieu for adaptive bone remodelling than conventional, shell-type surface replacement components. PMID- 6526833 TI - Extracellular fluid filtration as the reason for the viscoelastic behaviour of the passive myocardium. AB - The experimental results are described confirming the hypothesis that the viscous properties of the passive cardiac muscle are connected with the extracellular fluid filtration in the elastic medium formed by the connective tissue network and myocytes. It is shown that the relaxation properties are more pronounced in cold-blooded animals myocardium (frog, turtle) than in that of warm-blooded (cat, rabbit), which correlates with the smaller connective tissue content and larger porosity of myocardium in cold-blooded animals. The decrease in porosity of the cardiac muscle samples by reducing the osmosis of the surrounding solution or squeezing the fluid out of the samples by mechanical torsion results in the slowing down of the stress relaxation, the increase in porosity of the muscle in the hyperosmotic solution results in its speeding up. The increase of the surrounding solution viscosity by adding saccharose to it leads to the proportional stress relaxation deceleration, which agrees quantitatively and qualitatively with the advanced hypothesis. PMID- 6526835 TI - Simulation of javelin flight using experimental aerodynamic data. AB - This paper discusses computer simulation of the differential equations which describe javelin dynamics in flight. It is shown that the use of experimental aerodynamic forces and moments in the equations is preferable to theoretical approximations for these forces and moments which have been used in previous studies. An example which is characteristic of a good throw is presented and analyzed and many interesting features of the trajectory are pointed out. PMID- 6526834 TI - A model relating patterns of human jaw movement to biomechanical constraints. AB - After testing the effects of the ways in which several different ligaments and bony constraints would influence movements of the human mandible in three dimensions, a mathematical model based on constraints due to the articular eminences, temporomandibular ligaments and sphenomandibular ligaments has been constructed. The effects of these constraints on jaw movements during opening and lateral movements are analysed. The model predicts the observed translation of the human condyle during jaw opening and Bennett shift during lateral jaw movements. The model is refined to account for observed irregular movements of the condyle during opening and to predict a locus for the instantaneous centre of rotation. The model can also be used to predict the new position taken up by any point on the mandible after the jaw has been opened and/or moved laterally a given amount. PMID- 6526836 TI - Optimal javelin trajectories. AB - A companion paper has treated computer simulation of javelin flight using measured lift, drag and pitching moments. In the present paper we present, categorize and discuss the relative significance of various initial conditions in such a simulation. Since the differential equations describing flight are autonomous, the eventual javelin range and entry angle are unique functions of the initial conditions. A series of successively less constrained optimum solutions is defined, the last of which is the global optimum javelin trajectory. Sensitivities of these trajectories to perturbations from the optima and their implications for throwers are discussed. Finally, we investigate the effects of some design and environmental parameters on optimal initial conditions and trajectories. PMID- 6526837 TI - Collapse and viscoelasticity of diseased human arteries. AB - A laboratory study of the hydrostatic collapse of diseased tibial arteries demonstrated hysteresis in the pressure-flow behaviour which resembled that seen in the stress-strain relations of the arterial tissue. The pressures at which the vessels collapsed were found to be considerably lower than expected on the basis of theoretical elastic models. Also, the pressures at which the vessels reopened were consistently lower than the pressures at which they collapsed. These findings were explained on the basis of viscoelasticity. The difference between collapse and opening pressure may provide insight into the mechanical properties of vessels, and a clue to errors in non-invasive measurements of blood pressure which depend upon collapse of arteries. PMID- 6526838 TI - A method for measuring strains in soft tissue. AB - A finite element based method has been developed for measuring strains in soft tissue. An array of markers is placed on the tissue surface and treated as nodes of a four node isoparametric element. The displacements of the marker centroids are directly measured using a high sensitivity television camera. Finite element method mathematics are then used to calculate the plane strain tensor at any point inside the element. The method has been implemented using non-rectangular elements that are approximately 2 mm on each side. PMID- 6526839 TI - Fiber shortening in the inner layers of the left ventricular wall as assessed from epicardial deformation during normoxia and ischemia. AB - A mathematical model of left ventricular mechanics predicts that fiber shortening in the inner layers of the left ventricular wall can be estimated (eendo, est) from the magnitude of minimal (emin, o) and maximal shortening (emax, o) of the outer surface (= epicardium) of this wall. To evaluate this prediction, eendo, est and emin, o were compared with the shortening in the inner layers approximately along the fiber direction (eendo) as measured directly, before and during one minute of coronary artery occlusion. Deformation of the epicardium and the inner layers was determined by measuring mutual motion and angulation of three needles pierced into the myocardial wall, using an electromagnetic inductive technique. The proposed linear relations of eendo, est and emin, o with eendo were found to be significant. The needles hardly influenced wall deformation since similar values of epicardial deformation were found in separate, comparable, experiments (n = 13) using a triplet of epicardial coils. So eendo, est and emin, o are useful estimates of fiber shortening in the inner layers during normoxia and ischemia, especially when the time course of events is followed in the same animal. PMID- 6526840 TI - Comment on "A procedure for determining angular positional data relative to the principal axes of the human body". PMID- 6526841 TI - A modified mathematical model of the cilia for pharyngeal epithelium of the frog. PMID- 6526842 TI - On "Some mechanical properties of goose femoral cortical bone". PMID- 6526843 TI - Radiology 1984. A conflict of high technology and high cost. AB - Radiology is confronted now by exciting but challenging times. The excitement derives from dramatic technological advance; the challenge from the economic constraints on health care delivery. The large and growing expense of providing health care is readily apparent and high technology medicine can too easily be blamed for the growth. The pressures for improved service at no extra cost will demand much of the negotiating skills of our specialty and our ability to survive administrative confusion and fragmentation. Equally, manpower planning is a feature of modern medicine. Often this is done from inadequate data and as a specialty we must continue to think constructively about our own future in this context, not least in recognizing the contribution of women to our specialty. Forces also to be recognized are decentralization, electronic information transfer, concerns about radiation exposure and litigation. Not least we need to be better able to define our specialty as its scope is now changing rapidly. For the future I hope that we can be part of the development of the controls which we must inevitably face; we should lead in instituting cost-accounting in our departments; we must be at the leading edge of technological change in both imaging and data transfer, and we must be both more business-like as well as act effectively as the patient's advocate. Radiology has an important and growing responsibility in patient care and most of the technological advances both improve that care and can be justified economically. I am proud to be a radiologist in 1984. PMID- 6526844 TI - The uses of corpus cavernosography. A review. AB - In a series of 18 corpus cavernosograms (CC) we encountered 12 patients with Peyronie's disease, four normals, one with hypoplastic corpora and one with penile fracture. All examinations were successful and there was one complication, a case of post-procedural priapism. CC is a valuable procedure in the evaluation of impotence. PMID- 6526845 TI - Clinical experience with ioxaglate (Hexabrix) in selective coronary arteriography. AB - This prospective nonrandomized study was performed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of, as well as patient tolerance for, a new low osmolality contrast medium, ioxaglate (Hexabrix), in 90 adult patients of both sexes who were referred to our cardiac catheterization laboratory for angiocardiography including selective coronary arteriography. Ioxaglate did not cause any major adverse effects; side effects were rare and mild. Hemodynamic changes were minimal, even in patients with severe coronary artery disease, and no arrhythmias were seen. The radiographic quality of angiograms was scored as good to excellent for each examination, and was equal to that of films performed using a conventional contrast medium. Ioxaglate may be the contrast medium of choice for angiocardiography, especially in patients at high risk, i.e., those with severe coronary artery disease or severe left ventricular dysfunction. PMID- 6526846 TI - Intravenous urography in children: is routine tomography useful? AB - We have evaluated the usefulness of routine nephrotomography in pediatric uroradiology. We reviewed all of the intravenous urograms done on children under 12 years of age, over a period of 18 months. In only 13 of 81 examinations (16%) was additional information obtained from tomography. It made no difference whether the patient could or could not cooperate during the study. In view of the cost of the extra films and the increase in radiation exposure, we therefore concluded that routine nephrotomography in pediatric intravenous urography is not indicated. PMID- 6526847 TI - Breast skin thickness: normal range and causes of thickening shown on film-screen mammography. AB - We measured breast skin thickness on the film-screen mammograms of 250 asymptomatic women and found a normal range of 0.7-2.3 mm in the superior quadrant and 0.7-2.7 mm in the inferior quadrant as measured on the mediolateral view and 0.6-2.4 mm in the medial quadrant and 0.5-2.1 mm in the lateral quadrant as measured on the craniocaudad view. In our experience a skin thickness of greater than 2.5 mm suggests the presence of disease. Causes of skin thickening in our series of 44 patients included carcinoma, metastases, post radiation therapy, post surgery, infection, and anasarca. Other reported causes are trauma, fat necrosis, dermatologic conditions, and lymphoma. PMID- 6526848 TI - Nutrient foramina in the phalanges of the hands. AB - The normal distribution and size of nutrient foramina in the terminal and middle phalanges of the fingers, which appear as radiolucencies on hand radiographs, is described. In a study based on the antero-posterior (AP) hand films of 218 patients, we found no evidence that the foramina were more frequently seen in childhood. When age is disregarded in statistical analysis, the foramina are more frequently observed in women than in men. In both sexes foramina are seen most often in the middle phalanges. We have found that the upper limit of normal of foraminal diameters is 1 mm (uncorrected for enlargement) and this permits recognition of enlargement of the foramina which can occur in disorders such as Gaucher's disease, sickle cell anemia and thalassemia. PMID- 6526849 TI - A quality control program for cine radiography. AB - We describe a cine processing quality control program aimed at the consistent production of high quality angiograms. A year's experience with this protocol has demonstrated the difficulty and importance of maintaining a constant on-frame optical density to ensure consistently high quality. We monitored film processing, speed of the emulsion and the automatic brightness control of the angiographic imaging system several times a day. Variations in film speed and their causes observed in our institution demonstrate that parameters other than film processing should be carefully controlled. The cost of applying this protocol is about +190.00/month and it requires no additional personnel. The cost is offset by the improved quality of the angiograms, reduced repeat examinations, and the improved monitoring of the system making for more effective preventative and corrective maintenance. PMID- 6526850 TI - Longitudinal CT of the forearm in children. AB - With proper positioning, direct longitudinal computed tomography of the forearm has been tried in five children. Combined with plain radiographs and transverse cuts, it allows a three-dimensional evaluation of bone and soft-tissue lesions. Being in the appropriate plane, it is also of great help in the study of the growth plate of the distal radius. PMID- 6526852 TI - Steerable catheter fluoroscopy in total esophageal obstruction. AB - We describe a patient with malignant esophageal obstruction in whom the lumen of the esophagus could not be identified at endoscopy. Contrast fluoroscopy using a steerable catheter allowed safe placement of a nasoduodenal feeding tube. PMID- 6526851 TI - CT demonstration of hemiatrophy and fatty replacement of the tongue. AB - We report a patient in whom computed tomography was used to demonstrate denervation, hemiatrophy and fatty replacement of the tongue, secondary to lower motor neuron involvement of the hypoglossal nerve by a meningioma. This unusual finding has only been described once before. PMID- 6526853 TI - CT diagnosis of laryngeal cricoid chondrosarcoma. AB - Computerized tomography is the imaging method of choice for evaluation of neoplastic involvement of the larynx. There are unusual primary neoplasms of the larynx which include chondroma and chondrosarcoma. These lesions may cause vocal cord paralysis and respiratory symptoms secondary to compression of the recurrent laryngeal nerve. We present a single patient with computerized tomographic imaging of laryngeal chondrosarcoma resulting in unilateral vocal cord paralysis and hoarseness. PMID- 6526854 TI - CT manifestations of Menkes' kinky hair syndrome (trichopoliodystrophy). AB - A patient with Menkes' syndrome is reported. This patient has survived to the age of six years without mental retardation, and shows previously unreported computed tomographic (CT) findings of tortuous vessels and unusual osseous manifestations of undertubulation of long bones and posterior vertebral body scalloping. PMID- 6526855 TI - Detection of mRNAs containing regulatory peptide coding sequences using synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides. AB - To understand the regulation of the production of peptide hormones, it is vital to elucidate their biosynthetic pathways. We chose to study a major regulatory peptide, vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), a peptide possessing both neurotransmitter and neurohormone actions. To identify the specific peptide mRNA we are using, as hybridization probes, radiolabeled synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides with sequence complementary to the predicted peptide mRNA sequence. Employing this approach, we identified and partially purified a approximately 1600-base long mRNA containing VIP related sequences which can be translated in vitro into VIP-immunoreactive polypeptides. Such mRNA was detected in normal VIP producing tissue (rat brain), as well as in a tumor producing VIP (human buccal tumor). This mRNA differs in size from a known VIP-mRNA identified in human neuro-blastoma cells, suggesting the possibility of different VIP-mRNAs in different cell types. PMID- 6526856 TI - [Presternal ileum and right colon for benign esophageal stenosis. Very long-term checking]. AB - Long-term follow up results are analyzed of 10 patients treated by pre-sternal right ileocolic grafts for an esophageal stenosis of a benign nature. Operation in 7 cases had been performed 28 (1 case), 26 (2 cases), 19 (1 case), 16 (1 case), 11 (1 case) and 6 (1 case) years previously. Functional results were generally very satisfactory. Two cologastric anastomotic ulcers were heated by coloduodenal and colojejunal reimplantation respectively. One patient operated upon for stenosis due to chemicals developed malpighian cancer of the cervical esophago-ileal anastomosis 12 years later, but secondary malnutrition did not occur following a gastric bypass operation. Although overall functional results could be considered as very satisfactory, there is a risk of anastomotic cologastric ulcers developing (2 cases), but the risk can be eliminated by routine implantation of colon into duodenum or jejunum. The gastric bypass achieved failed to produce any clinical manifestations in patients operated upon, some of whom have been followed up for nearly 30 years. PMID- 6526858 TI - [Fractures of the sacrum with neurologic complications. A case]. AB - The fractures of sacrum are rare and the literature is poor on their etiopathological aspects and possible complications. According to a sacral transverse fracture with neurological complications by epidural hematoma we analyze the different mechanisms to obtain this one. PMID- 6526857 TI - [Total splenopancreatectomy in the rat]. AB - Techniques previously described for the performance of total splenopancreatectomy in the rat have consisted of freeing of pancreatic lobules from their vascular and biliary attachments. A new procedure is described for total pancreatectomy in which block excision is made of the spleen, the pancreas and the intrapancreatic common bile duct. The latter is then reimplanted into the duodenum by intubation as described during liver transplants. This operation was performed in 12 rats and appeared to be technically simpler to conduct than other procedures. It avoids leaving some pancreatic lobules in place, particularly those lying along the common bile duct, and induced a severe diabetes in all the animals. PMID- 6526859 TI - [A rare complication of vaginal hysterectomy: vaginal evisceration. Apropos of a case of recurrent evisceration]. AB - A patient developed repeated vaginal eviscerations after vaginal hysterectomy. This is a rare complication, only 21 cases having been reported in the literature. The present case was a 61 year old woman with post-vaginal hysterectomy eviscerations 8 and 21 months after the operation. Reduction of the herniated loop and suturing of the ununited vaginal stump is generally a simple procedure, but the perineal reconstruction necessary to prevent recurrence raises problems that are discussed in detail. PMID- 6526860 TI - [Aneurysm of the gluteal artery]. AB - A 90 year old man developed the rare lesion of an aneurysm of the gluteal artery, provoked by an injury in a patient with atheromatous multiple aneurysm disease. The inflammatory and permanent nature of the sciatic pain, the history of a recent increase in size of the buttocks, as well as signs of a deglobulization suggest the need for urgent arteriographic exploration for precise definition of the arteries supplying the aneurysm. Surgical treatment is by primary ligature of the hypogastric artery associated with a direct approach in order to perform endoaneurysmorhaphy. PMID- 6526861 TI - [Influence of pedicle clamping in partial hepatic resection with the Nd YAG laser. Comparative study in a series of 15 pigs]. AB - Liver resection is performed in 15 pigs by means of low divergent Nd YAG laser, the hepatic pedicle being clamped and not. Clamping does not modify the efficiency of laser hemostasis during resection but increases the thickness of the ischemic layer underlying the cut liver edge. The coagulation necrosis and the edematous layer are more thickened. Migration of inflammatory cells and young fibrosis present at day 3 are gaining ground until day 15. During the same period, biliary neoductules and nodules of hepatic regeneration appear. Hepatic inflow being conserved, these reactions are delayed and less intensive. The hyperthermia, the inflammatory cellular reaction and the deepness of parenchymal damages induces by pedicle clamping are suitable for antitumoral surgery. Cooling effects of hepatic inflow are better for traumatic surgery. PMID- 6526862 TI - [Immunity and surgery]. AB - In surgical patients, the development of post operative sepsis and the high rate of mortality may be related to defects in host immune mechanisms. The presence of anergy defines patients with a high rate of sepsis and mortality. Factors know to depress cell mediated immunity are essentially malignancy and sepsis. Those two factors are often associated with protein calorie malnutrition. The presence of anergy require further explorations in order to discover disseminated malignancy and/or latent sepsis. Those two factors are the major determinant of post operative risks. PMID- 6526863 TI - [A new concept of dressing: silastic foam]. AB - The authors report their experience, still short, of a new type of dressing based upon Silastic foam used in general surgery. They emphasise the considerable progress achieved in the everyday care of their patients with easy to manage dressings and the virtual disappearance of pain. This has transformed the patients' existence and has made early physiotherapy possible in certain of them. The simplicity of use of this dressing leads to savings in time and cost and if the patient is cooperative the possibility of widespread use at home by the patient himself. The properties of this foam form the basis for a wide range of indications going beyond general surgery, with applications in ENT, dermatology, rehabilitation centres, etc. Results are satisfactory in 90% of cases, the only failures being due to a failure to obey the basic principles of care: doubtful indication (inadequate disinfection of wounds), neglect of concomitant pathology (diabetes, nutritional state) or lack of patient cooperation. PMID- 6526864 TI - Investigation of isoprenoid benzoates and naphthoates by reversed-phase liquid chromatography. Isocratic elution characteristics of benzoates and naphthoates of C5-C20 terpenoid alcohols. AB - Conditions for derivatization of C5-C20 isoprenoid alcohols and the reversed phase liquid chromatographic properties of the corresponding benzoate and naphthoate esters are described. A non-linear response of log k' to changes in the composition of the mobile phase was observed on a Radial-Pak C18 column. In general, the capacity factors (k') increased with increases in carbon content and degree of saturation in the hydrocarbon chain, and decreased with increases in branching and Z double bond content. Replacement of a single hydrogen in the methyl group at C-3 of geranyl benzoate with fluorine had little effect on k', while the difluoro- and trifuoromethyl derivatives showed regular increases in k'. The large extinction coefficients of the aromatic ester moieties, especially the 2-naphthoates, provide high sensitivity for UV detection. PMID- 6526865 TI - Combined high-performance liquid chromatography-radioimmunoassay for the characterization and quantitative measurement of neuropeptides. AB - A method for the extraction, separation, characterization and quantitation of angiotensins, opioid peptides and several other neuropeptides in biological samples is described. Gradient elution in different reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatographic systems gives high resolution with constant recoveries between 60 and 70%, allows UV detection at 220 nm and is compatible with radioimmunoassay. The method is highly reproducible and applicable to the characterization and quantitative measurement of peptides in the femtomolar range. The practicability of the method is demonstrated for angiotensin peptides in plasma, brain and peripheral organs, as well as for opioid peptides in the heart. PMID- 6526866 TI - Elution of the catalytic subunits of the type I and type II forms of cyclic AMP dependent protein kinase within the type I chromatographic peak. AB - The purpose of this investigation was to determine the elution location upon ion exchange chromatography of the catalytic subunits of both the type I and type II isozyme forms of cAMP-dependent protein kinase. We show that ion-exchange chromatography with DEAE-Sepharose CL-6B yields an apparent type I chromatographic peak of cAMP-dependent protein kinase which can represent not only type I holoenzyme activity but also catalytic activity derived from either the type I or type II enzyme forms. Such knowledge of the elution location of the dissociated catalytic subunits can prevent incorrect identification of the distribution of cAMP-dependent protein kinase isozymes in studies which estimate the isozyme concentrations based on the relative proportions of the kinase activity peaks. PMID- 6526867 TI - Recovery of plant amines with carboxylic ion-exchange substrates and their subsequent analysis by thin-layer chromatography. AB - Two grades of carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) and five ion-exchange resins were compared for their effectiveness in recovering endogenous amines from plant extracts. If amine loss was to be limited to 10%, the H+ and Na+ forms of CMC could not be loaded with the solutes from more than 0.25 and 1.5 gram fresh weight (gfw) tissue per ml bed volume respectively. The corresponding ionic forms of a typical resin, Amberlite CG-50, would tolerate loadings ca. 5 X higher than this. However, it was then necessary to use very slow flow-rates (13 ml cm-2 h-1) for both applying and eluting the amines and, even so, they could not be quantitatively displaced from any resin tested, with the possible exception of Duolite C433. If the extract was acidic, maximum permissible loadings were reduced by a factor of 3 to 20, depending on substrate and ionic form. The composition of the amine fraction was essentially the same whatever substrate was used for its recovery and whatever percentage of it had been lost. PMID- 6526868 TI - Quantitative high-performance liquid chromatographic method for determining the isomer distribution of retinol (vitamin A1) and 3-dehydroretinol (vitamin A2) in fish oils. AB - Seven retinol and seven 3-dehydroretinol geometric isomers were simultaneously fractionated on a silica column using a ternary mobile phase (2-propanol-1 octanol-n-hexane, 0.2:3.8:96). The method was applied to determine vitamin A active compounds present in fish oils. The standard additions method was used to obtain the recovery of the analytes, which was found to be the same for vitamin A1 and A2 (89%). Correction factors for determining all isomers when the peak areas are integrated at 326 nm are reported, so that the quantitative determination may be reproduced by others using the proposed method, which allows all data to be referred to the calibration graph of all-trans-retinol only. As every isomer is quantified separately, the method also permits the determination of the real vitamin A biopotency of the samples. PMID- 6526869 TI - Reversed-phase ion-pair high-performance liquid chromatographic procedure for determination of histamine and its metabolites in rat urine. AB - A reversed-phase ion-pair high-performance liquid chromatographic procedure for quantitative determination of histamine and its metabolites in rat urine is described. This method allows simultaneous analysis of five major histamine metabolites. Good separations were obtained by using 1-pentanesulfonic acid as the ion-pair reagent. A gradient elution program was used; the total elution time was less than 22 min. Linear standard curves with high correlation coefficients were obtained. This procedure has the advantage of requiring little sample preparation time and handling, and therefore maximizes the recovery of metabolites. PMID- 6526870 TI - Determination of fatty acids by high-performance liquid chromatography of Dns ethanolamine derivatives. PMID- 6526871 TI - Determination of pseudomorphine in morphine injection by high-performance liquid chromatography. PMID- 6526872 TI - Determination of aliphatic amines in air by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography using 1-naphthyl isocyanate derivatives. PMID- 6526873 TI - Determination of butylamine in air samples by isotachophoresis. PMID- 6526874 TI - Quantitative determination of biologically active constituents in crude extracts of medicinal plants by thin-layer chromatography-densitometry. II. Eleutherococcus senticosus Maxim., Panax ginseng Meyer and Picrorrhiza kurroa Royle. PMID- 6526875 TI - Structure assignment by retention index in gas-liquid radiochromatography of substituted cyclohexenes. AB - Substituents and functional groups cause increase in retention indexes of six membered ring compounds on apolar and polar columns. These retention index increments (delta I) are characteristic and structure-dependent showing a structure-retention index relationship. The delta I values obtained for methyl and halogen atom substitution, cyclohexenes, and cyclohexanes are useful for predictive purpose in tritium labeling studies for tentative structure assignment of radioactive intermediates not amenable to analysis by conventional techniques. PMID- 6526876 TI - Calculation of retention indices by molecular topology: chlorinated alkanes. AB - This study was undertaken to test the ability of the molecular connectivity model to predict retention indices using both statistical correlation coefficients and correctly predicted elution sequences as criteria of fit. The test was performed on three groups of chloroalkanes. Regression analyses show that the molecular connectivity model successfully predicts the retention indices of chlorinated alkanes on polar and non-polar stationary phases. However, first-order molecular connectivity indices alone are not sufficient, higher order indices are demonstrated to be necessary. The results also indicate that different structural features determine the retention index values of mono- and dichlorides. For monochlorides the major factor is the size of the alkyl chain, while for dichlorides the major factor is the topological relation between the two chlorine atoms. The comparison of the results obtained with the molecular connectivity model and the empirical additive scheme reveals several important advantages of the molecular connectivity approach. PMID- 6526877 TI - New thermionic detector utilizing orthogonal nebulization for capillary column liquid chromatography. AB - A new version of the previously studied phosphorus-sensitive, dual-flame thermionic detector has been developed for microcolumn liquid chromatography. The total column effluent is orthogonally nebulized and aspirated directly into a primary air-hydrogen diffusion flame. Phosphorus compounds with molecular weights extending beyond 500 a.m.u. are then selectively detected by measuring the conductivity of the secondary flame in the presence of a rubidium silicate bead. The sensitivity was found to be 1.36 X 10(-11) g phosphorus/sec at the maximum of a Gaussian peak, and the signal increased linearly with concentration over 2 orders of magnitude for dilute samples. Possible mechanisms accounting for the negative orientation of the signal and for the limited dynamic range are discussed. PMID- 6526878 TI - Conical precolumn as loading buffer for the main column. AB - A conical high-performance liquid chromatographic precolumn was developed to cope with the problems that arise during the processing of large volumes of biological samples. The shape of the column was designed so as to offer a large loading capacity at the front of the precolumn. The stainless-steel construction, which is pressure resistant up to 40 MPa, can be fully integrated into high-performance systems. In the present work, the precolumn arrangement was used in the assay of pamoic acid in human plasma and in the isolation of radioactive metabolites from pools of animal urine and of supernatants from liver homogenates. Apart from extremely polar compounds, which were not retained on the precolumn, recovery of metabolites was practically complete. Almost the same resolution was obtained with the equivalent of 900 ml of urine, purified and enriched on the precolumn, as with a 2-ml sample of the original urine. Likewise, the chromatographic metabolite pattern of 650 ml of supernatant from homogenized liver was similar to that of a deproteinized sample of 2 ml. It is suggested that the precolumn is usable for all chromatographic problems involving enrichment of small amounts of substances in large amounts of complex matrices. PMID- 6526879 TI - Electrophore-labeling and alkylation of standards of nucleic acid pyrimidine bases for analysis by gas chromatography with electron-capture detection. AB - The pyrimidine bases cytosine, uracil and thymine, along with some analogues, are electrophore-labeled either with pentafluorobenzoyl chloride (PFBC), pentafluorophenylsulfonyl chloride (PPSC), or heptafluorobutyric anhydride. Subsequent alkylation is most successful for PFB-cytosine, PPS-uracil, and PPS thymine. These same alkylated compounds also have the highest aqueous stability and respond most strongly by gas chromatography-electron-capture detection. One of these derivatives, determined to be N4-PFB-1,3-dimethylcytosine by authentic synthesis, and its 5-methyl analogue, can be detected with good precision down to the 100-fg level. Poor reproducibility is encountered at the 10-fg level. PMID- 6526880 TI - Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry characteristics of methylated perfluoroacyl derivatives of cytosine and 5-methylcytosine. AB - Pentafluorobenzoyl and heptafluorobutyryl derivatives of cytosine and pentafluorobenzoyl-5-methylcytosine have been examined by mass spectrometry following permethylation. Electron impact mass spectra were used to confirm the structures of the derivatives. The permethylated pentafluorobenzoyl derivatives of cytosine and 5-methylcytosine are sensitive for quantitative analysis by capillary gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Under negative ion chemical ionization conditions 1 femtogram of each is detected. PMID- 6526882 TI - On-line gas chromatographic evaluation of iodine values in edible fats and oils. AB - A method is reported where an on-line evaluation of gas-chromatographic data allows direct calculation of iodine values of fats and oils. Iodine values are printed out in the final analysis report of fatty acid methyl ester gas chromatographic analysis. For this purpose a simple equation was established which included double-bond increments of fatty acids, mean molecular weights and molecular weight contributions of each single component of the mixture. In a further step, a computer program was developed (Spectra-Physics 4100 Integrator) that allowed the final on-line print-out of the results. To evaluate the reliability of the method, comparative analyses by titration were carried out. No significant differences in the results could be observed. PMID- 6526881 TI - Evidence for surface effects in an electron-capture detector. AB - We have found surface effects in a conventional electron-capture detector that are significantly reduced in an experimental, more inert version of this detector, both by Varian. These surface effects generate unique patterns of solute response for both pesticides-herbicides, and derivatized cytosine strong electrophores. They also cause a minimum followed by a more pronounced maximum in the response factor with increasing solute concentration, demonstrated with lindane. Certain speculations are presented to account for these observations. PMID- 6526883 TI - Soluble antibody affinity chromatography technique investigated with ultratrace [125I]thyroxine. AB - An amount of 10 pg of [125I]thyroxine was subjected to DEAE agarose chromatography and then complexed with an antibody. Recycling of the [125I]thyroxine now as a complex with the antibody through a second DEAE agarose column under the same conditions gave a change in the retention of the [125I]thyroxine that potentially constitutes a specific shift away from co eluting interferences from the first column. The [125I]thyroxine was then dissociated from the antibody and subjected to a third DEAE agarose column for additional shifting of its chromatographic retention. Since the overall recovery of the [125I]thyroxine is 36%, this soluble antibody affinity technique potentially is useful for sample clean-up in labeling analysis of ultratrace solutes such as thyroxine. PMID- 6526884 TI - Improvement of chemical analysis of antibiotics. VII. Comparison of analytical methods for determination of impurities in tetracycline pharmaceutical preparations. AB - In order to examine the suitability of our four established methods for the analysis of tetracyclines (high-performance liquid chromatography, reversed-phase thin-layer chromatographic densitometry, reversed-phase thin-layer chromatographic spray reagents and silica gel high-performance thin-layer chromatographic densitometry) for the determination of impurities in tetracycline pharmaceutical preparations, sixteen samples available on the Japanese market were analysed. Because these methods did not always give satisfactory results, their analytical conditions were modified. The comparative studies indicated these methods were accurate and reliable. Therefore, we recommend a combination of these methods for the analysis of impurities, in which the spray reagents are used first as a screening method, and then if the results exceed the limits, a precise determination is carried out using either high-performance liquid chromatography or reversed-phase thin-layer chromatographic densitometry. PMID- 6526885 TI - Reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography studies of alpha-MSH fragments. AB - alpha-Melanotropin (alpha-MSH) is a linear tridecapeptide (Ac-Ser-Tyr-Ser-Met-Glu His-Phe-Arg-Trp-Gly-Lys-Pro-Val-NH2), that is primarily known for its ability to stimulate melanosome dispersion within integumental melanocytes (F. J. H. Tilders, D. F. Swaab and T. B. van Wimersma Greidanus (Editors), Frontiers of Hormone Research, Vol. 4, Karger, Basel, 1977; J. Ramachandran, S. W. Farmer, S. Liles and C. H. Li, Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 428 (1976) 347). In our efforts to understand the relationships of structure and conformation to the biological activities of alpha-MSH, we have prepared a series of diastereoisomeric analogues based on the highly potent analogue Ac-[Nle4, D-Phe7]-alpha-MSH4-11-NH2 (T. K. Sawyer, V. J. Hruby, B. C. Wilkes, M. T. Draelos, M. E. Hadley and J. Bergsneider, J. Med. Chem., 25 (1982) 1022). These analogues differed only in the amino acid substituted in the seven position, which was thought to be a critical residue for the biological activity of alpha-MSH. The chromatographic behavior of these analogues was examined on a C18 Vydac (16-micron) reversed-phase column with five different mobile phases. The selectivity (alpha) for the analogues was compared in 0.10% trifluoroacetic acid (TFA), 0.10% heptafluorobutyric acid (HFBA) and 0.25 M triethylammonium phosphate (TEAP) using either acetonitrile or methanol as the organic modifier. With only one exception all analogues substituted with a D-amino acid in the seven position were eluted prior to their L-amino acid counterparts.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6526886 TI - Effects of urea-thermal denaturation on the high-performance cation-exchange chromatography of alpha-chymotrypsinogen-A. AB - Retention parameters of alpha-chymotrypsinogen-A were determined by isocratic elution for a series of concentrations of calcium acetate and sodium acetate both in the presence and absence of urea. Under non-denaturing conditions of temperature and urea concentration, urea facilitated elution. Under reversible denaturing conditions a sharp drop in chromatographic retention was observed over a narrow temperature range which could be correlated with equilibrium measurements of the protein fluorescence. Retention of both native and denatured protein could be fit to a non-mechanistic retention model by plotting the log k' against log salt concentration. Conventional interpretation of these findings indicates that, while the number of ions displaced during binding is greater for the denatured protein, the affinity per ion decreases since the retention of denatured protein is much less than native. Elution profiles obtained under partially denaturing conditions showed a strong flow-rate dependence. We attribute these observations to a rate of equilibration between native and denatured protein that is on the timescale of the chromatographic rate processes. PMID- 6526887 TI - High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of acid-catalyzed degradation products of methyl carboprost in a polymeric controlled-release device. AB - A normal-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic method was used for the determination of methyl carboprost and acid-catalyzed degradation products in a polymer-based, controlled release dosage form. A reversed-phase method was used to isolate sufficient quantities of the degradation products to determine their identity. Degradation of methyl carboprost under acidic conditions results in epimerization and dehydration, to several isomers, at the tertiary allylic hydroxyl group. Mass balance was 94% for a sample allowed to degrade 50%. These compounds were observed to form in the polymer-based, controlled release dosage form. For the determination of methyl carboprost in the dosage form, the method was found to be linear, precise with a relative standard deviation of 2% and to have an average recovery of 99.2%. PMID- 6526888 TI - Purification of D&C Red No. 33 by preparative high-performance liquid chromatography. AB - Preparative reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to purify a composite sample of D&C Red No. 33. A number of contaminating impurities were isolated from the dye and the purified material was essentially free of residual aromatic amines. A comparison was made between purification by preparative HPLC and recrystallization. PMID- 6526889 TI - Selection of mixed ion-pair modifiers for high-performance liquid chromatographic mobile phases. PMID- 6526890 TI - Purification of high mobility group nonhistone chromosomal proteins by liquid chromatography on a column containing immobilized histone H5. PMID- 6526891 TI - Identification of phenylthiohydantoin derivatives of substituted amino acids encountered during amino acid sequence analysis by high-performance liquid chromatography. PMID- 6526892 TI - Identification of bromotetrachlorophenol in commercial pentachlorophenol samples. PMID- 6526893 TI - High-performance liquid chromatographic resolution of enantiomers of gamma-vinyl gamma-aminobutyric acid. PMID- 6526894 TI - Non-aqueous liquid chromatography of some metalloporphyrins on a reversed-phase column. AB - The effect of the hetaerons tetraphenylarsonium chloride (Ph4AsCl) and tetraphenylarsonium perchlorate (Ph4AsClO4) on the retention of neutral and cationic metalloporphyrins on a reversed-phase column with an acetonitrile tetrahydrofuran (85:15, v/v) mobile phase was investigated. The adsorption properties of the two hetaerons on the stationary phase were dramatically different. While Ph4AsCl adsorbed, reaching saturation at a concentration of 4 mM, Ph4AsClO4 did not adsorb. The retention of neutral metalloporphyrins was unaffected, while cationic metalloporphyrins demonstrated decreasing retention with an increase in the concentration of either hetaeron. The possible equilibria involved are discussed. PMID- 6526895 TI - Fractionation of human serum proteins by immobilized metal affinity chromatography. AB - Human serum was fractionated on zinc and cadmium iminodiacetate and tris(carboxymethyl)ethylenediamine chelates. Zinc iminodiacetate was found to be useful in the isolation of hemopexin and alpha 2-macroglobulin. The chromatographic behaviour of serum proteins on zinc iminodiacetate could be modulated by the nature of the eluent; a sulphate-containing solvent increased the binding of serum proteins to immobilized metal ions. PMID- 6526896 TI - Analysis of phospholipids in cow's milk by high-temperature injection gas chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography. AB - An investigation of the high-temperature injection (350 degrees C) gas chromatographic behaviour of standards of various classes of phospholipids has elucidated certain characteristic fragments ("tracers") in the pyrogram of each class. Under these conditions of pyrolysis of the phospholipids, a natural mixture of such substances (extracted and purified from cows' milk) has provided evidence for the same "tracers" as for the standards. Analogous results were obtained with a more representative specimen of cows' milk of various breeds grown in areas of different altitudes. The content of fatty acids in phospholipids, tested on each class (separated by means of radial compression high-performance liquid chromatography from polar lipids of milk) appeared to be relatively similar for all the phospholipid classes, and over half the content consisted of unsaturated fatty acids. The major component was delta 9 octadecenoid (oleic) acid. PMID- 6526897 TI - Separation of colchicine and related hydrolysis and photodecomposition products by high-performance liquid chromatography, using copper ion complexation. AB - The high-performance liquid chromatographic separation of colchicine and its hydrolysis and photodecomposition products has been investigated. Separation of colchicine, N-desacetyl-colchicine, beta- and gamma-lumicolchicine can be accomplished by modification of existing methods; however, under these conditions the tropolone derivatives, colchicine and trimethylcolchicinic acid, do not elute. Based on the observed complexation of tropolone with metal ions, copper(II) ions were incorporated in the eluent enabling the direct detection and quantitation of the tropolone derivatives. Separation of colchicine, isocolchicine and their respective derivatives has been optimised for both phosphate buffer and aq. copper solutions. PMID- 6526898 TI - Chromatographic separation and identification of naturally occurring chlorogenic acids by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. AB - The high-performance liquid chromatographic separation and identification of the phenolic compounds in extracts from coffee bean are described. The system consists of Fine SIL C18-5 analytical and preparative columns and gradient elution (solvent A, 10 mM H3PO4; solvent B, methanol). The seven chlorogenic acids isolated were identified by mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The isolated and identified compounds are 3-O caffeoylquinic acid, 4-O-caffeoylquinic acid, 5-O-caffeoylquinic acid, 3,4-O dicaffeoylquinic acid, 3,5-O-dicaffeoylquinic acid, 4,5-O-dicaffeoylquinic acid and 3-O-feruloylquinic acid. PMID- 6526899 TI - Determination of oxalic acid in biological matrices by liquid chromatography with amperometric detection. AB - Oxalic acid was separated from interfering compounds with a solvent-generated ion exchange chromatographic system, and detected with a copper electrode amperometric detector. The lower limit of detection in standard solutions was 5 ng. Complex samples, such as vegetable extracts and urine, could be analysed with a minimum of sample preparation. PMID- 6526900 TI - Reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography for the determination of steroid hormones in oral contraceptives. AB - Reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with UV detection is studied for the determination of both progestogenic and oestrogenic components of oral contraceptive formulations. The applicability of the assay is demonstrated for a number of different progestogen-oestrogen combinations in both conventional tablet and novel "paper" formulations. The results show that the method developed is a versatile technique for the routine assay of these pharmaceutical formulations. PMID- 6526901 TI - Application of reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography using pre column derivatization with o-phthaldialdehyde for the quantitative analysis of amino acids in adult and fetal sheep plasma, animal feeds and tissues. AB - The concentration of amino acids in adult and fetal sheep plasma, liver, muscle and animal feeds was determined by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography using an automated data acquisition system and pre-column o phthaldialdehyde derivatization. Of the seventeen amino acids in the standard mixture, fifteen including glycine and threonine were completely resolved in a total analysis time of 50 min. The clear resolution, high degree of precision and accuracy, relatively rapid analysis and the lack of interference from chemical contaminants in feed and tissue hydrolysates render this technique suitable for routine analysis of large numbers of biological samples of nutritional interest. PMID- 6526902 TI - Determination of trialkyltin, dialkyltin, and triphenyltin compounds in environmental water and sediments. AB - An analytical procedure for the determination of trialkyltin (tributyltin, tripropyltin), triphenyltin and dialkyltin (dibutyltin) compounds in environmental water and sediment was studied. Water samples were extracted into benzene with hydrochloric acid and sodium chloride. Sediment samples were extracted into methanolic hydrochloric acid and converted into benzene. Silica gel, which was impregnated with hydrochloric acid and activated, was used for clean-up of these compounds. These extracts of organotin chlorides were hydrogenated with an ethanol solution of sodium borohydride. Organotin hydrides were measured by gas chromatography with electron-capture detection. Recoveries of these compounds were ca. 70-95% from river water and sediment samples. The detection limits were 0.4-0.8 micrograms/l in water and 0.02-0.04 micrograms/g in sediment samples. PMID- 6526903 TI - Qualitative detection of corticosteroids in equine biological fluids and the comparison of relative dexamethasone metabolite/dexamethasone concentration in equine urine by micro-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. AB - Several important corticosteroids were qualitatively determined in the plasma and urine of horses by micro-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (micro-LC-MS). The sensitivity and specificity of micro-LC-MS are demonstrated as is the ability of micro-LC-MS to deal with endogenous interferences. In turn, the relative amount of dexamethasone and its major unconjugated metabolite were determined in equine urine by micro-LC-MS; the conclusions drawn are reported. PMID- 6526904 TI - New method for the resolution of racemic warfarin and its analogues using low pressure liquid chromatography. PMID- 6526905 TI - Stability study of HI-6 dichloride in various anticholinergic formulations. PMID- 6526906 TI - Separation of ganglioside molecular species, with homogeneous long-chain base composition, by reversed-phase thin-layer chromatography. PMID- 6526907 TI - Analysis of opium and crude morphine samples by capillary gas chromatography. Comparison of impurity profiles. PMID- 6526908 TI - Determination of aldehydes in air as dimethone derivatives by gas chromatography with electron-capture detection. PMID- 6526909 TI - High-performance liquid chromatography of oleanane saponins. PMID- 6526910 TI - Chromatographic separation of preparative quantities of the stereoisomers of trans-2,3-cis-3,4-dihydroxy-L-proline. PMID- 6526912 TI - General reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography procedure for the analysis of oral contraceptive formulations. PMID- 6526911 TI - Determination of preservatives in cosmetic products by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography. PMID- 6526913 TI - Isolation of trypsin by column chromatography on tea particles. PMID- 6526914 TI - High-sensitivity phenylthiohydantoin amino acid analysis using conventional and microbore chromatography. AB - Reversed-phase microbore high-performance liquid chromatography was investigated for high-sensitivity analysis of phenylthiohydantoin (PTH) amino acids. A mixed nitrile alkylsilane bonded phase was developed and ternary gradient elution conditions were devised for resolution of the common PTH amino acids. Elution conditions were developed with a conventional 150 X 4.6 mm I.D. column and transferred to a 150 X 1 mm I.D. microbore column. The performance of these columns was evaluated in terms of PTH amino acid resolution, enhanced sample detectability, and retention time precision. For this work a general purpose high performance liquid chromatograph was modified to reduce extra column band broadening and a preformed gradient elution technique was developed to achieve rapid analysis times at microbore flow-rates. The microbore high-performance liquid chromatographic system is useful for high-sensitivity analysis of PTH amino acids in micro-sequencing applications. PMID- 6526915 TI - High-performance liquid chromatography of microbial acid metabolites. AB - The use of high-performance liquid chromatography with a cation-exchange column and effluent monitoring at 210 nm has been evaluated for the profiling of selected microbial metabolites including aliphatic, dicarboxylic, and phenolic acids, as an adjunct to the identification of selected bacteria, detection of bacterial metabolites in foods, and the monitoring of industrial microbial fermentations. Advantages of the technique include the simultaneous profiling of different classes of organic acids without derivatization. Most applications require only qualitative or semi-quantitative data. For others, data are given on the day-to-day reproducibility for several acids. PMID- 6526916 TI - Estimation of amniotic fluid phospholipids by high-performance liquid chromatography. AB - We have developed a high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method for the analyses of surface-active amniotic fluid phospholipids, lecithin (L), sphingomyelin (S), phosphatidyl glycerol (PG), phosphatidyl inositol (PI), phosphatidyl ethanolamine (PE), and phosphatidyl serine (PS), which are important in the prediction of fetal lung maturity. The method incorporates an internal standard in the amniotic fluid extract, and utilizes a 10-microliter aliquot of a 2:1 chloroform-methanol extract of amniotic fluid injected onto a 5-micron DIOL or CN HPLC column, and a variable-wavelength detector set at 203 nm. Amniotic fluid phospholipid estimations were determined on 40 amniotic fluid samples by the HPLC method and by the routine thin-layer chromatographic (TLC) method. Good agreement was observed between the two methods for the L/S ratio, PG, and PI (rPG 0.94, rPI 0.95, rL/S 0.97). The advantages of the HPLC procedure include: Selective separation for PG, PI, PS, and PE, as well as L and S at the same time. The internal standard allows individual concentration of phospholipids to be estimated. The procedure is rapid: 16 min for a single assay compared with 50 min for the standard TLC procedure. PMID- 6526917 TI - High-performance liquid chromatography of apolipoproteins in serum high-density lipoproteins. AB - A simple and rapid method for apolipoprotein analysis in serum high-density lipoproteins (HDL) has been developed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with sodium phosphate buffer (pH 7.0) containing 0.1% sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) as eluent. In contrast to the use of urea solution as an eluent, apolipoproteins can be analysed by applying an incubation mixture of HDL and the eluent buffer. A TSK-GEL column of G3000SW was found to be more profitable than G2000SW or G4000SW for analysis of HDL apolipoproteins. Elution patterns monitored by absorbance at 280 nm using a G3000SW column can give precise quantitative as well as qualitative information about apolipoproteins of molecular weight between 10(4) and 10(5). HPLC patterns of HDL apolipoproteins were compared between individual human subjects with various diseases. Elution profiles for lipid components in an incubation mixture were also examined. PMID- 6526918 TI - Measurement of urinary vanilmandelic acid and homovanillic acid by high performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection following extraction by ion-exchange and ion-moderated partition. AB - An improved protocol has been developed to isolate homovanillic acid (HVA) and vanilmandelic acid (VMA) from urine with strong anion-exchange resin. The sample is diluted with acetate buffer and passed through a disposable column. HVA, uric acid, and many hydrophobic organic acids are removed with 1.0 M acetic acid- ethanol. Then VMA is eluted with 0.5 M phosphoric acid. Two isocratic mobile phases allow rapid high-performance liquid chromatographic measurement of VMA (5 min) and HVA (8 mins) on a 5-micron ODS column. Selective conditions were developed with dual-electrode coulometric detection to permit specific measurement of VMA, HVA, and internal standards, with less than 5% between-run variation. PMID- 6526919 TI - Purification of synthetic oligodeoxyribonucleotides by ion-exchange high performance liquid chromatography. AB - Synthetic oligodeoxyribonucleotides ranging from 11 to 37 nucleotides in length and with varying base compositions, prepared by both the phosphotriester and phosphite procedures, have been purified by ion-exchange high-performance liquid chromatography on Whatman Partisil 10/SAX columns using phosphate buffer gradients. The effects of different buffer systems on elution times and resolution have been evaluated. Oligomer composition and length had a marked effect on the resolution achieved. In general the use of formamide buffers gave the best results, particularly in the case of 2'-deoxyguanosine-rich sequences. These methods have also been successfully applied to the purification of mixtures of synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides. PMID- 6526920 TI - Isolation of teratogenic alkaloids by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. AB - Reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography was used for both analytical and preparative separations of several steroidal alkaloids which occur in extracts of Veratrum californicum. The inclusion of 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid in the mobile phase improved the efficiency of the chromatography and the solubility of the compounds in aqueous acetonitrile. Nuclear magnetic resonance was used to assist the identification of the isolated steroidal alkaloids. The effect of the interaction of trifluoroacetic acid with the alkaloids could be clearly seen by changes in the chemical shifts in the nuclear magnetic resonance spectra. PMID- 6526921 TI - Simple high-performance liquid chromatographic assay for the routine monitoring of clonazepam in plasma. PMID- 6526922 TI - High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of a new anti-inflammatory agent, nabumetone, and its major metabolite in plasma using fluorimetric detection. PMID- 6526923 TI - High-performance liquid chromatography of amino acids, peptides and proteins. LXIII. Reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic characterisation of several polypeptide and protein hormones. AB - The chromatographic behaviour on alkylsilicas of a variety of hormonal proteins is described. Optimization of resolution and recovery of these protein hormones, which included porcine relaxins, human chorionic gonadotropin, human placental lactogen, pituitary derived growth hormone and adenohypophyseal glycoprotein hormones, was achieved by manipulation of both mobile and stationary phase parameters. With standard stainless-steel analytical columns (10-30 cm X 0.4 cm) packed with meso- or macro-porous n-alkylsilica supports these proteins can be readily fractionated at the semi-preparative level with separation times generally under 90 min using elution systems directly compatible with subsequent methods of primary structure determination or biological functional analysis. The effects of changes in several experimental parameters on peak symmetry, retention and recovery are described. PMID- 6526924 TI - Measurement and chromatographic characterization of vasoactive intestinal peptide from guinea-pig enteric nerves. AB - The material exhibiting immunoreactivity for vasoactive intestinal peptide in guinea-pig enteric nerves has been characterized by high-performance liquid chromatography in three modes: reversed-phase, cation-exchange and gel permeation. In each case a major portion of the material contained in acetic acid extracts of guinea-pig gut showed the same chromatographic properties as the synthetic porcine peptide of defined amino acid sequence. It is therefore concluded that this immunoreactive material is authentic vasoactive intestinal peptide. The study illustrates a number of the problems encountered in attempting to characterize, and measure reliably, peptides in tissue extracts. PMID- 6526925 TI - Separation of tryptic phosphopeptides of ribosomal origin by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography. AB - Phosphorylation sites for cyclic AMP-dependent kinase in ribosomal proteins and their synthetic analogues were converted to tryptic phosphopeptides and analysed by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) using gradients of acetonitrile in water and 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid. Tryptic variants differing by only NH2-terminal basic amino acid residues or phosphoryl groups were not always well resolved under these conditions. The different phospho forms could be resolved by RP-HPLC in phosphate buffers at pH 7.0. A combination of gel permeation chromatography, RP-HPLC and thin-layer cellulose mapping was found to be the most effective strategy for the absolute purification of tryptic phosphopeptides from crude tryptic digests. PMID- 6526926 TI - High-performance liquid chromatography and studies of neurophysin neurohypophysial hormone pathways. AB - High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is being used extensively to characterize active polypeptides, precursor processing mechanisms, and cooperative peptide-protein noncovalent complexes in neuroendocrine pathways for neurohypophysial peptide hormones, oxytocin and vasopressin, and the hormone associated proteins, neurophysins. Reversed-phase and ion-exchange HPLC polypeptide mapping have been used to detect the hormones, associated proteins, and other molecular forms containing these. This mapping has provided a means not only to isolate these molecules when present in micro amounts but also ultimately to identify anatomical sites which contain the neurophysin/hormone molecular pathways and to define the relatedness of polypeptide forms contained in different pathways. Reversed-phase HPLC also has provided a means to study proteolytic precursor processing, both to isolate synthetic and semisynthetic polypeptides prepared for use as substrates in processing reactions and eventually to study the polypeptides and intermediates produced by these reactions. Finally, bioaffinity HPLC is being evaluated as a separatory and analytical tool. The latter includes its use to characterize the noncovalent peptide-protein and protein-protein interactions which occur among the molecular forms of the neurophysin/hormone pathways. These experiments typify the impact of HPLC for both analytical and preparative separations in studies of biologically active peptides and proteins. PMID- 6526927 TI - Relationship of thyroid disease and use of thyroid supplements to breast cancer risk. AB - An interview study of 1362 breast cancer cases and 1250 controls identified through a multi-center screening program allowed evaluation of effects of thyroid disease and supplementation on breast cancer risk. A previous diagnosis of treated thyroid disease was not associated with an excess risk (RR = 1.0), nor were any specific diagnoses, including hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, or goiter. Although based on limited numbers, women with untreated hypothyroidism or goiter had a significantly reduced risk of breast cancer (RR = 0.3, 95% CI 0.1 0.7). Thyroid supplementation for non-disease reasons (primarily weight loss and fertility problems) was associated with a slight elevation in breast cancer risk (RR = 1.2, 95% CI 0.9-1.7), but patterns of risk by duration and latency generally failed to provide evidence of causality. Elevated risks were noted among women who received thyroid medications for fertility problems (RR = 4.2) and among those with a family history of breast cancer (RR = 2.6) or a late age at first childbirth (RR = 2.4), possibly indicating an hormonal interaction. PMID- 6526928 TI - Natural history of borderline hypertension in the Hisayama community, Japan--I. The relative prognostic importance of transient variability in blood pressure. AB - Long-term prognosis of borderline hypertensives was studied in a prospective population survey carried on since 1961 in the town of Hisayama, Japan. Five consecutive BP recordings on 1621 subjects aged 40 and over were obtained at entry, and the variability in BP between the first and fifth readings was taken into account when classifying the subject into categorical groups. Even with an estimated variability in BP in several measurements on one occasion, a large fluctuation in BP was observed in both the borderline hypertensives and the normotensives. Borderline hypertensives with a transient elevation in BP more frequently died from cardiovascular disease than did those without BP elevation, as estimated by the long-term cumulative mortality. However, there was no difference in the frequency of hypertension-related organ damage between these two groups at entry. PMID- 6526930 TI - Clinical trials, randomized consent and estimation. PMID- 6526929 TI - Ischemic heart disease risk factors after age 50. AB - Previous studies have suggested that the predictive power of the three major risk factors for ischemic heart disease (hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and cigarette smoking) decreases sharply with age. We re-examined this question in a cohort of 3187 adults aged 50-79 with baseline evaluation in 1972-1974 who were followed at least 9 years during a period of a marked decline in national cardiovascular disease mortality. Four-hundred and eighty-three subjects died, 123 of ischemic heart disease. Predictors of outcome were studied separately in younger (age 50-64) and older (age 65-79) groups. After multivariable adjustment for potential confounders using Cox proportional hazards models, cholesterol retained a significant independent predictor of ischemic heart disease mortality at older ages for both men and women. Cigarette smoking and hypertension were significantly related to all-cause but not to ischemic heart disease mortality in this older population. We suggest that the persistence of cholesterol as an independent predictor of fatal ischemic heart disease in old age may reflect the consequences of a shift in risk factor distribution with deferred selective mortality in a cohort with an overall favorable risk factor status. PMID- 6526931 TI - Urinary sodium and potassium excretion in normotensive children in northern Japan. PMID- 6526932 TI - Impact of for-profit enterprise on health care. PMID- 6526933 TI - Caught in the crossfire: congressional action on the residency training authority. PMID- 6526934 TI - Effects of Proposition 13 on health care services for mothers and children in California. PMID- 6526935 TI - Drinking and driving: toward a broader understanding of the role of mass media. PMID- 6526936 TI - Vinyl chloride, setting a workplace standard: an historical perspective on assessing risk. PMID- 6526937 TI - Health policy and epidemiology: the scientific evidence for a ban of urea formaldehyde foam insulation. PMID- 6526938 TI - Right-to-know: implications of New Jersey's law. PMID- 6526939 TI - Home environmental quality: the problem, federal and state responses, and a new strategy. PMID- 6526940 TI - Policy implications of health changes in rapidly developing countries: the case of Malaysia. PMID- 6526941 TI - An effect of immediate reinforcement and delayed punishment, with possible implications for self-control. AB - Behavior said to show self-control occurs virtually always as an alternative to behavior that produces conflicting consequences. One class of such consequences, immediate reinforcement and delayed punishment, is especially pervasive. Three experiments are described in which an effect of immediate reinforcement and delayed punishment is demonstrated. The results suggest that when immediate reinforcement and delayed punishment are imminent, the reinforcer alone controls the organism's behavior (in other words the organism behaves "impulsively"). The key to self-control, therefore, may be the acquisition of a large number of avoidance behaviors relevant to reinforcers that are correlated with delayed punishment. Human self-control may indeed involve such a process but undoubtedly involves others as well. PMID- 6526942 TI - The onset of driving phobias. AB - Thirty driving phobics who called the Psychiatry Outpatient Phobia Clinic (25 females and five males) were given a 20-min semi-standardized telephone interview during which they were asked about the circumstances of the onset of their driving fears. Twelve (40%) reported that their fears were precipitated by a panic attack on the freeway; six (20%) by a collision; and three (10%) by other frightening experiences in automobiles. Four (13.3%) related the onset to family stress or upheaval. Other modes of onset also occurred. The implications of these findings are discussed in terms of existing theories of fear acquisition and treatment approaches. PMID- 6526943 TI - The use of skills training procedures in the treatment of a child-abusive parent. AB - Recent behavioral formulations suggest that child abuse can often be conceptualized in terms of skill deficits of the parent. In the present case study, training was used to improve an abusive parent's anger-assertion, child management, and personal problem-solving skills; deficits in all three areas were functionally related to prior episodes of violence. Treatment across these skill areas was introduced in multiple baseline fashion. The effectiveness of treatment was demonstrated by assessments of assertion, child management, and problem solving knowledge following each training session; parent monitoring data on the frequency of child-related and anger problems at home throughout the intervention; performance on skill generalization measures; and objectively-rated parent-child interactions during pre- and post-training home observation probes. PMID- 6526944 TI - Satiation in the treatment of inappropriate fire setting. AB - This paper concerns the treatment of a 7-yr-old boy, who exhibited multiple behavioral disorders, and was treated in a residential setting for inappropriate fire setting by a satiation procedure. Throughout treatment the number of adult interventions at home to "correct him about fire" were recorded. Treatment consisted of 100 30-min sessions in the residential setting during which he was free to light as many matches as he wished. Contrary to earlier studies, the number of matches lit per therapy session did not decrease. However, the number of "corrections about fire" at home completely ceased midway through treatment, and did not recur through the 24-month follow-up period. PMID- 6526945 TI - Behavioral treatment of excessive daytime sleepiness in an elderly woman with multiple medical problems. AB - The case is described of a 61-year-old woman who complained of excessive day-time sleepiness, periodic cataplexy, and nocturnal urinary frequency, in the context of several other medical problems. Behavioral treatment consisted of training in progressive muscle relaxation and fluid restriction to facilitate sleep maintenance, and the use of a rubber band which was snapped against the wrist to facilitate daytime arousal. Following this self-management program, improvements were noted in the following dependent measures: sleep attacks at home; sleep attacks while driving; cataplectic episodes; nocturnal awakenings, and nocturnal urine output. These improvements were maintained at 6- and 12-month follow-up. The integration of medical and behavioral strategies was highlighted. PMID- 6526946 TI - Compulsive polydipsia presenting as diabetes insipidus: a behavioral approach. AB - Although compulsive polydipsia or self-induced water intoxication is known to occur with a relatively high frequency in psychiatric patients, much of the literature has focused on medication treatment and interactions; little has been written describing alternative methods of intervention. This paper describes an inpatient treatment using both EMG biofeedback and response prevention. The relationship between compulsive appetitive behaviors and more classic presentations is discussed. Because the patient was treated on the endocrine service, the importance of adequately training non-psychiatric staff is emphasized. It is suggested that this may be a model for the behavioral management of psychiatric problems on medical/surgical wards. PMID- 6526947 TI - Use of differential reinforcement of low rates of behavior to decrease repetitive speech in an autistic adolescent. AB - A differential reinforcement of low rates of behavior (DRL) schedule was successful in reducing repetitive speech in an autistic adolescent. Over a period of 18 months, the rate of repetitions was gradually reduced from a mean of 4.7 to less than 0.3 repetitions per min. Tokens were awarded for maintaining rates of repetitive speech below each of nine successive criterion levels. A reversal phase in which the token economy was no longer in effect resulted in a return to baseline repetition rates. Subsequent reintroduction of the contingencies saw a return to previous low levels of responding which were maintained at a 6-month and 14-month follow-up. PMID- 6526948 TI - Establishment of independent responding to a fire alarm in a blind, profoundly retarded adult. AB - A forward chaining conditioning procedure was used to establish an independent, appropriate response to a fire alarm in a blind, profoundly retarded adult male. The appropriate response, as defined by New York State regulations, is to exit from the residence or move to a fire-safe area within 21/2 min with minimal verbal or physical prompts. Independent responding was established within a total training time of 21/2 hr. Total time to exit was 28.5 sec. PMID- 6526950 TI - Design and preparation of a formulary--guide to the prescribing of medicines. AB - In recent years there has been a renewed interest in the use of local hospital 'formularies'. The development and preparation at The London Hospital (Whitechapel) of a guide of prescribing which embraces and extends the concept of a formulary is described. A method of involving staff in the preparation of text was developed to ensure the rapid production of a reasonably comprehensive guide which would command respect and a high degree of compliance. The use of word processing techniques and graphic design expertise are described. The guide has been carefully introduced together with plans for monitoring compliance and its influence on drug expenditure. These are discussed in the light of one year's experience with the guide. PMID- 6526949 TI - Reduction of eye gouging using a response interruption procedure. AB - A profoundly retarded male with severe congenital impairment of vision and hearing was treated for self-inflicted eye gouging. Prior to intervention, continuous mechanical restraint was required to prevent the response, precluding participation in educational and play activities. The response topography, the nature of the client's deficits, and a preliminary behavioral and medical assessment suggested that the response functioned as a source of sensory self stimulation. Presentation of toys plus differential reinforcement of other behavior (DRO) as alternate sources of stimulation during baseline had no impact on eye gouging. The introduction of a contingent response interruption procedure reduced eye gouging and decreased the amount of time spent in restraints. Treatment effects were replicated in a group setting, and in the natural environment. Parents and school personnel were trained to use the treatment, and eye gouging remained infrequent at a 9-month follow-up. PMID- 6526951 TI - Drug information inquiries--who asks what and where are the answers? AB - The workload of a local hospital-based drug information centre over a 5-year period was studied and was related to the utilisation of primary reference sources in reply to drug related inquiries. Doctors used the service more often than any other health care professional group and questions relating to drug administration/dosage, choice of drug, adverse effects and pharmaceutical problems accounted for over 50% of the total number of inquiries. Over the study period there was an upward trend in the number of inquiries requiring the use of primary references in answering queries. Of these inquiries approximately 45% were concerned specifically with drug choice and adverse drug reactions. The results demonstrate the significant contribution of a drug information service to patient care, the interdependence of the pharmaceutical, medical and nursing professions and the need for drug information centres to expand their role into determining drug-use policies and the collation of adverse drug reaction reports. In addition, useful primary reference sources for the provision of drug information services have been identified and guidelines for the selection of appropriate journals have been given. The creation of in-house evaluated drug information literature is recommended. PMID- 6526952 TI - Printed information for patients receiving PUVA therapy. AB - The preparation and evaluation of written information for patients receiving PUVA therapy is described. The results show that educational reinforcement by means of printed information contributes to greater patient knowledge in respect of the disease state, its therapy and the specific treatment regime prescribed. In addition, improved communication links between patient and practitioner were demonstrated which must ultimately benefit patient care. PMID- 6526953 TI - Can drugs influence the bone healing process? PMID- 6526954 TI - A rapid, reversed phase liquid chromatographic technique for the simultaneous determination of carbamazepine and its 10,11-epoxide. PMID- 6526955 TI - Phenoxyethanol absorption by polyvinyl chloride. AB - Phenoxyethanol was found to be absorbed by polyvinyl chloride administration sets during continuous irrigation therapy. Depending upon the conditions of administration up to 20% loss of potency could occur. Absorption of the drug by the rigid plastic luer-lock fitting of the set caused softening and decreased rigidity of the plastic. PMID- 6526956 TI - Organizing a therapeutic approach to intra-familial child sexual abuse. PMID- 6526957 TI - Contextual family therapy with the victims of incest. AB - The authors apply the concepts of Boszormenyi-Nagy's contextual family therapy to the family treatment of victims of incest. Intergenerational bonds of loyalty and indebtedness are stressed, as is the therapist's goal of increasing mutual empathy between the victim and the victimizer. Case examples are provided. PMID- 6526958 TI - Sex roles and schooling or "see Janet suffer, see John suffer too". AB - This article documents the rapid growth in research on sex roles in schools, outlines some of its shortcomings and offers some guidelines for improving it. Central to the article is a conviction that too much gender stereotyping goes on in schools and that it harms both sexes. Topics covered include inequalities of teacher-pupil contacts, sex education and the relations between sex roles and subject choice in secondary schools. PMID- 6526959 TI - The first 100 admissions to a regional general purpose adolescent unit. AB - Details are presented of the first 100 admissions to a regional "general purpose" psychiatric unit for adolescents. Seventy-seven per cent had been referred from other consultants, including 51 per cent from child and adolescent psychiatrists. There was a high incidence of family disruption and disharmony. Apart from a small group of "organic" problems (eight) they were evenly distributed between four major diagnostic groupings: psychotic disorder, conduct disorder, neurotic disorder and mixed conduct/neurotic disorder. Use was made of a variety of treatment approaches and the best outcomes were in the neurotic group (81 per cent some or much improved at discharge) and the psychotic group (68 per cent some or much improved). Attention is drawn to the high rate of "premature" discharge (41 per cent) including 18 per cent expelled because of their behaviour. Nearly 50 per cent of these fell in the conduct disorder group and there are obvious implications for the selection process. PMID- 6526960 TI - Severe obsessive compulsive disorder in adolescence: a report of eight cases. AB - The treatment and clinical features of eight adolescents with obsessive compulsive disorder severe enough to warrant hospitalization are described. Attempts to use behaviour therapy failed, due to lack of co-operation from the patients. Nevertheless, response to non-specific psychotherapy and milieu therapy was surprisingly good. These observations are somewhat different from those reported in previous literature. The reasons for this difference are discussed. PMID- 6526961 TI - Management of conversion reaction in five adolescent girls. AB - Hysteria is a topic which has produced a plethora of articles on adults but, in comparison, there is a scarcity when it involves children and young adolescents. There is considerable confusion in definition, classification, incidence and management. More agreement seems to be found when conversion reactions are specifically considered. This article attempts to present the dilemma that confronts the clinician when faced with an individual patient with a conversion reaction. This may especially apply to the present day practitioner who is likely not to have had much personal experience in managing this condition. Some of the relevant literature is summarized and the five patients are presented in tabular form and individually, together with their outcome at follow-up. The findings are discussed and some conclusions are drawn. PMID- 6526962 TI - Do government training schemes for unemployed school leavers achieve their objectives? A psychological perspective. AB - The increasing rates of youth unemployment have given rise to concern in academic and political circles as well as amongst the general public. So much so that successive governments have introduced employment schemes specifically for this age group. Although a variety of opinions have been expressed concerning the value of such schemes and much thought and planning has gone into the design of successive generations of schemes, there appears to be little hard evidence concerning the effects they have on the well-being of young people. In the course of a study of the wider aspects of unemployment amongst school leavers, the authors collected evidence which they believe bears directly on this question. In a prospective study, which began by assessing fifth formers before they left school, it was found that in general those who went on to YOP schemes occupied an intermediate position between those who obtained work and those who remained unemployed, on a variety of measures of psychological well-being. However, it was found that those on Schemes were less likely than those in either of the other two groups to believe that they had a measure of personal control over their lives. The findings are discussed in relation to the design of employment schemes and the longer term implications. PMID- 6526963 TI - Boundaries or chaos: an outpatient psychodrama group for adolescents. AB - This paper, through the description of one afternoon's psychodrama session with adolescents in an outpatient setting, explores some of the issues of "containment" and "boundaries" raised by the running of such a group. It will be suggested that the methods of psychodrama offer techniques to contain certain anxieties within the therapeutic setting, but that also, as in any adolescent group, awareness must be maintained of a whole hierarchy of boundaries. If these are ignored, chaos may follow, resulting in the collapse of the group, and thus the failure of its therapeutic function. PMID- 6526964 TI - Observations on assessment of analyzability by experienced analysts. AB - Some specific approaches to the study of analyzability have been identified in this study as productive and feasible. First, it was possible to enlist a group of experienced analysts as a source of clinical material--the data and their own evaluations. Second, the assessment of analyzability can only be made at the end of the treatment. Third, the classification of analysands as either "analyzable" or "unanalyzable" warrants further differentiation. Cases of patients who develop an analytic process may have variable outcomes: some conclude successfully with no modification in technique; some conclude with significant limitations in the analytic resolution; others require an appropriate modification in technique at some point. Cases of unanalyzable patients also have a variable outcome: some develop no useful treatment situation; in others the patient's unsuitability for analysis is manifest very early and a change to the appropriate psychotherapy is made. The study of how analysts make their evaluations and the subsequent course of those treatments seems useful in providing information on our work as psychoanalysts pertinent to practice, teaching, and research. Our experience suggests that a prospective study would be advantageous: data reported at the time of assessment could be more complete and less subject to retrospective distortion; definitions and criteria could be established in advance; important questions could be more clearly defined and explored as the material develops (by co-investigators as well as the analyst). This might include significant differences between analysts, the identification and impact of modifications, and the study of cases started in psychotherapy and subsequently seen in analysis. PMID- 6526965 TI - The end phase of analysis: indicators, functions, and tasks of termination. AB - This paper considers the end phase of analysis. Beginning with a brief review of the literature on termination, specifically the indicators for initiating the termination process, we identify the structural attainments necessary for the patient to successfully complete the analysis and to maintain smooth post analytic functioning. We stress in this regard the significance of self-analytic functions and the relative immutability of the transference neurosis. These points are illustrated with clinical examples. Our paper concludes with a discussion of the tasks and contributions of the analyst during the termination process. We make special reference to countertransference vulnerability resulting from the analyst's own termination experiences. PMID- 6526966 TI - Peer review, third-party payment, and the analytic situation: a case report. AB - The complexities of insurance coverage and peer review as they intrude into the analytic situation were discussed. The basic question was raised of whether becoming acceptable to major health providers through the peer-review program is truly a compromise of the analytic pact and a threat to the future of psychoanalysis. Practical as well as technical considerations facing the analyst when he is confronted with having to write a report to the patient's insurance company were elucidated. Countertransference feelings were emphasized. A detailed case illustration was presented to demonstrate that peer review, as it relates to third-party payment, need not compromise an analysis. PMID- 6526967 TI - Some theoretical and technical considerations concerning the emergence of a symptom of the transference neurosis: an empirical study. AB - A detailed study was done of the five occurrences of a striking conversion symptom that appeared in the first 400 hours of an analysis. This study focused on the dynamics of the resistances and of the transference to explain why the symptom appeared when it did. It was possible to identify a consistent, repeated pattern of shifts in the resistive dynamics in response to interpretations of resistances that led to the emergence of the symptom. This type of process was viewed as demonstrating the concrete expression of the transference neurosis, distinguishable from the characteristic transferences that are seen moment-to moment throughout a treatment from beginning to end. The implications of this distinction for the theory of the concept of the transference neurosis have been presented, emphasizing their importance in the clinical setting and for clinical theory. PMID- 6526968 TI - Psychoanalytic dream theory and recent neurobiological findings about REM sleep. AB - I have reviewed Hobson and McCarley's activation-synthesis hypothesis of dreaming which attempts to show that the instigation and certain formal aspects of dreaming are physiologically determined by a brainstem neuronal mechanism, their reasons for suggesting major revisions in psychoanalytic dream theory, and neurophysiological data that are inconsistent with their hypothesis. I then discussed the concept of mind-body isomorphism pointing out that they use this concept inconsistently, that despite their denials they regularly view physiology as primary and psychological processes as secondary, and that they frequently make the error of mixing the languages of physiology and psychology in their explanatory statements. Finally, in order to evaluate Hobson and McCarley's claim that their findings require revision of psychoanalytic dream theory, I examined their discussions of chase dreams, flying dreams, sexual dreams, the formal characteristics of dreams, the forgetting of dreams, and the instigation of dreams. I concluded that although their fascinating physiological findings may be central to understanding the neurobiology of REM sleep, they do not alter the meaning and interpretation of dreams gleaned through psychoanalytic study. PMID- 6526969 TI - Denial in fantasy and hypomania: an exploration. AB - There is a spectrum of normality and psychopathology in which we see the presence of denial in fantasy, action, and word. The underlying ego distortions, such as the overuse of a denying fantasy in reality testing, will determine the clinical appearance of this mechanism. Traumatic experiences in the first 18 months are a determining factor in the development of these ego distortions. Clinical material is presented that supports a theory of elation put forward by Lewin (1950) who suggests that denying elations are repetitions of childhood dreams with their adult elaborations. In Mrs. A., the denying elations occurred particularly when experiences of castration anxiety or object loss became intolerable. PMID- 6526970 TI - [Hydration of the animal cornea: spectrometric study using proton nuclear magnetic resonance]. AB - The concentration of water in isolated corneas was studied using a Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Protonic (P N M R) technique. The corneas were maintained in moist chambers or in different aqueous fluids in order to compare the results obtained by. P N M R with those provided by classical techniques. The magnetization ratio, associated to water component measured as a function of corneal conservation time has permitted to establish the corneal water content variation. The corneas preserved in moist chamber exhibited a slow dehydration of about 15% in the first day. On the contrary, hydration was evident in liquid media, the strongest in pure water. No significant differences were found between saline, T C Earle medium and Neomycin ophthalmic suspension. P N M R technique give an index of corneal hydration in these conditions and it seems possible to use a P N M R apparatus for the evaluation of a corneal graft before surgery. PMID- 6526971 TI - [Palpebral cutaneous localizations of sarcoidosis]. PMID- 6526972 TI - [Epibulbar osteoma]. PMID- 6526973 TI - [Quantitation of the visual field]. AB - With kinetic perimetry, the visual field chart had the appearance of a geographical map. Since the isopters were not geometric, their surfaces were barely measurable. However, with recent three dimensional computerised (or semi computerised) perimetry quantitative evaluation of the print-out may easily be done. The visual acuity is expressed by a fraction or ratio. In a similar way our deficit ratio gives a percentage score of visual field volume defects. Using the Peritest, it is very easy to establish the field's deficit ratio. All the defects are classified and have a score. Scores are then added up to establish the deficit ratio. (The same procedure may be used with other perimeters like the Visual Field Analyser). Why express field loss as a deficit ratio? In the natural history of a Primary Open Angle Glaucoma (i.e. a disease of the visual field), the comparison between consecutive visual fields may be difficult. Instead of looking at a collection of print outs, it is easier to look at the numbers of the deficit ratio to appreciate if there is evolution of the disease. In discussions with the patient, it sounds better if the ophthalmologist speaks of a "percentage" of visual field loss: the patient may understand his own situation more easily. Each point is tested twice at each examination to give an idea of patient response fluctuation. Before finding progression of the disease, it is necessary to know the range of an individual's variation in answers. The principle of all sciences is to measure what is measurable, and to render measurable that which is not. PMID- 6526975 TI - [European Club for Ophthalmic Fine Structure: annual meeting, Marseilles, 2-3 September 1983. Abstracts]. PMID- 6526976 TI - [Jules Francois (1907-1984)]. PMID- 6526974 TI - [Surgical treatment of diplopia caused by fractures of the orbital floor]. AB - Oculomotor disturbance resulting from orbital floor fractures have different etiologic factors, sometimes damage of one of the ocular motor nerves, caused by direct injury to the orbit; this damage occurs also to one or more of the extrinsic ocular muscles, especially the obliques; frequently, the diplopia is caused by prolapsed orbital tissues with or without muscle entrapment or by a muscle fibrosis; when the diplopia appears after orbital floor reconstruction there is often a palsy of the inferior rectus muscle in front of silicone implant or bone graft on the orbital floor. In oculomotor disturbance after orbital floor fracture, the first stage will be to recognize the mechanism of the diplopia by a clinical examination, motility in the nine positions, Hess Charts, binocular vision and field, forced duction, radiography and sometimes coronal computed tomography which also allow visualization of soft tissues densities, including all extraocular muscles. If there is an indication of orbital surgery, it will be done always in first; oculomotor surgery will be done if necessary at the second stage, if there is a permanent diplopia without evolution during six months. The purpose of the treatment is to obtain orthophoria in primary position and in down gaze. A series of cases of fracture of the orbital floor with resulting diplopia are described. The method, the time, and the indications of orbital or oculomotor surgery are discussed according the variety of cases. PMID- 6526977 TI - [Illicit abortion, a public health problem in Kinshasa (Zaire)]. AB - Illegal (242), therapeutic (6), and spontaneous (836) abortions were treated in the years 1978 to 1979 in the University Clinics in Kinshasa (Zaire). Spontaneous abortions are more common after the age of 20, but their incidence diminishes as parity increases. As a whole, they did not have serious complications. In the illegal group, two categories of high risk women were discovered. The first, characterised in girls under the age of 20 with first or second pregnancies who were unmarried, at school or socially and economically poor. The second group were women of 20 years or more who were married, educated and professionally active. Illegal abortions were performed before the twelfth week of pregnancy, generally by unqualified people. Society seems to tolerate then more or less because only 5% are taken to court. Bleeding, infection, traumatic lesions and 13 maternal deaths show how common complications of illegal abortion were. Both at individual and national levels the cost is high. Sex education, improvement in contraception and revision of the abortion laws are suggested as prophylactic measures towards this public health problem. PMID- 6526978 TI - [Cytology of peritoneal fluid in the diagnosis of pelvic endometriosis]. AB - Fluid was collected from the Ponch of Douglas at laparoscopy or laparotomy in 104 women. Macrophages were always present. The Schiff's histochemical reaction was positive inside the cytoplasm in cases of pelvic endometriosis in our study. This technique allows characterization of the cell population in cases of chronic pelvic inflammation and confirmation of the diagnosis of mild endometriosis. PMID- 6526979 TI - [Simultaneous registration of fetal cardiac rhythm of twins during labor]. AB - This technical note: Describes a new apparatus which allows both fetuses to be monitored at the same time in a twin pregnancy in labour. The principle by which the signals are separated and a calculation of how the two tracings of the fetal heart rates are obtained is analysed. PMID- 6526980 TI - [Diagnostic evaluation of fetal distress during pregnancy by a sound stimulation test]. AB - A vibro-acoustic stimulus induces in the human fetus over 28 weeks of gestational age some modifications of the fetal heart rate. Absence of response, as a single test, has been used to suggest the diagnosis of fetal jeopardy (Read and Miller, Trudinger and Boylan). In this series, the pronostic value of the sound stimulation test (SST) was evaluated in association with the results of the widely used non stress test (NST). In 78 patients, 93 pathological NST, quantified by means of the Fischer's score, were assessed by SST. The results showed a good correlation between NST and SST : SST appears to be negative (no fetal response) in respectively 10%, 48% and 100% of NST tracings with Fischer score of 7, 6 or less than or equal to 5. Thus, when the basal Fischer score indicates fetal distress, no complementary test is needed (all 11 infants showed low Apgar score or acidosis). On the other hand, when the NST is less severely abnormal (score 6 or 7), the SST allows a good discrimination of the risk of neonatal distress. Among 62 cases explored less than one week before birth, a 27% (17/62) overall probability of neonatal depression (low Apgar score at 5 minutes and/or acidosis in the umbilical artery at birth) was noticed. The SST was interpreted as reactive in 44 cases of this group, with only 8 depressed neonates (18.2%). In the other 18 cases, a negative SST was followed by birth of 9 depressed infants (50%). The difference is statistically significant (p less than 0.02).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6526982 TI - [Delivery of black African women in France]. AB - The African population is a specific entity. It is younger, the women have more babies and the pelvis is frequently narrow. Caesarean section for a narrow pelvis should be considered very carefully in this population, while the idea of feto pelvic disproportion has to be a clinical one. Radiological pelvimetry and the use of Magnin's diagram play no part in deciding which way to deliver the women. PMID- 6526981 TI - [Ruptured angular pregnancy in the 16th week. Apropos of a case]. AB - Angular pregnancies which result from implantation of the fertilised oocyte in the mucosa of a uterine horn are very rare. They are usually demonstrated by a picture of rupture which is associated with severe abdominal pain, the syndrome of internal haemorrhage, often a state of shock and all occurring usually between the 6th and the 12th week of pregnancy. Although many authors have shown that there is congenital abnormality of the uterus in these cases this does not always happen and the aetiology of "idiopathic angular pregnancies" is ill understood. The treatment is carried out according to the clinical state: endometrial curettage under laparoscopic control, removal of the uterine horn together with the tube on the same side or even hysterectomy. PMID- 6526984 TI - [Creation of an artificial vagina using pelvic peritoneum. Short and long-term results]. AB - The author describes an original technique for the making of an artificial vagina. He uses the pelvic peritoneum to cover the walls of the newly-formed cavity. He reports his experience in 27 cases and shows how simple, how quick and what good results can be obtained. PMID- 6526983 TI - [Bi-parietal diameter of the black African child]. AB - The authors have made a growth cure of the bi-parietal diameter of the African infant using observations taken on 350 African women who were followed up and delivered in their department. Over all these curves of growth are smaller than the reference curves used in France. This study is a first contribution to the understanding of the mechanics of obstetrics in the African woman. PMID- 6526985 TI - Studies on the growth of the fetal guinea pig. The effects of ligation of the uterine artery on organ growth and development. AB - The effects of reduced maternal placental blood flow on the growth and development of the fetal guinea pig have been studied by unilateral ligation of the uterine artery at day 30 of pregnancy. Fetal guinea pigs were investigated about 20 or 30 days later. In about one-third of cases fetal death occurred, in another third fetuses less than 60% of normal weight were observed and in the remainder all fetuses were in the normal weight range. In the growth retarded fetuses prenatal growth occurred at about 50% of the rate in control. There was no postnatal 'catch up' as growth still remained lower than in controls. Restricted fetal growth affected particularly development of the visceral tissues in which case size declined in proportion to body weight. Brain and adrenal by comparison were less affected as their contribution to total body weight increased, but even so in the severely retarded fetuses the mass of both fell. The responses of the liver were in general consistent with a delay in the pattern of development. Thus DNA, RNA, protein and haematopoietic cell content changes occurred later than normal. In contrast an enhanced deposition of glycogen was apparent in the liver of the growth-retarded fetus. The results indicate some of the ways in which nutritional deprivation of the fetuses leads to reprogramming of growth and maturation of selected fetal tissues to allow non-essential changes to await more favourable times. PMID- 6526986 TI - Transfer of fatty acid across the cat placenta. AB - The transfer of fatty acids across the placenta was investigated in six anaesthetised pregnant cats at 60 days gestation (term 64-66 days). 1-14C palmitic acid bound to albumin was infused for 20 min and blood samples taken from a maternal artery and the umbilical vessels of the fetuses as they were delivered serially by Caesarean section either during and immediately after the infusion. Fetal blood and organs were analysed with respect to fatty acid content and presence of labelled fatty acid. The maternal and fetal plasma free fatty acid concentrations were 0.32 +/- 0.02 and 0.18 +/- 0.02 mmol/L (mean +/- SE) respectively. There was no significant umbilical v-a difference and no correlation between maternal and fetal concentrations. The specific activity of labelled palmitic acid in the fetal circulation was less than 1% of that in the maternal circulation but there was a very small but significant umbilical v-a difference during the infusion. The percentage composition of arachidonic acid in maternal plasma free fatty acid was 4.0%; in fetal plasma free fatty acid 5.8%; in fetal plasma triacylglycerol 1.9%; in fetal adipose tissue triacylglycerol 0.6%, and in fetal brain total fatty acids 12.9%. It is concluded that in the cat fatty acids do not pass freely from the maternal free fatty acid to the fetal free fatty acid compartment. It is suggested that as arachidonic acid forms a higher fraction of fetal than of maternal plasma free fatty acid and as the cat tissues are unable to convert linoleic to arachidonic acid, the possibility that fetal arachidonic acid is derived from maternal plasma phospholipids must be considered. PMID- 6526987 TI - Naloxone treatment for codeine-induced gastrointestinal symptoms. AB - Codeine often causes gastrointestinal cramping and pain. Treatment for such symptoms is usually symptomatic and supportive. Although naloxone is commonly used to treat other medical problems due to opiates, its use in treating such cramping has not been previously reported. The authors present four cases in which naloxone (Narcan) was used with success in relieving gastrointestinal side effects that were apparently due to codeine. It is suggested that patients with gastrointestinal symptoms and a history that strongly implicates codeine as the etiology be treated with naloxone. PMID- 6526988 TI - The relationship of the level of training and area of medical specialization with registrant performance in an advanced trauma life-support course. AB - Approved advanced trauma life-support (ATLS) programs were given to 160 residents and practitioners of various specialties, utilizing a standardized 50-item, multiple-choice posttest. Level of training (practitioner v resident) and area of medical specialization with registrant performance on total score and in specific subcontent areas of ATLS were evaluated by subjecting total and subcontent percent scores to a two-way analysis of variance and Newman-Keuls pairwise comparisons. Practitioners outperformed the residents in the subcontent area of abdominal injuries, P less than .05. In specialization, emergency medicine outperformed internal medicine specialists, P less than .05. Pairwise differences among specialists were not statistically significant. In airway problems, surgeons and internists were outperformed by emergency medicine, whereas in burns, emergency medicine and family practitioners significantly outperformed the surgeons. Emergency medicine outperformed internal medicine, P less than .05, in subcontent area of extremity injuries. We conclude that registrants are likely to benefit from an ATLS course, but preliminary evidence would seem to justify some "tailoring" of the ATLS curriculum for different registrant specialty groups. PMID- 6526989 TI - Infusion of intravenous fluids distal to pneumatic antishock trousers. AB - The pneumatic antishock trouser garment is a widely used adjunct in the stabilization of the hypotensive patient. Successful resuscitation may require infusion of intravenous (IV) solutions below the diaphragm. However, once all three sections of the pneumatic antishock trousers are inflated, the only IV access available below the diaphragm with the garment inflated is in the foot or ankle. To determine the feasibility of infusing IV solutions distal to the garment, an IV catheter was inserted percutaneously in an ankle or foot vein (saphenous if possible) of ten volunteers. With a Jobst three-section antishock air pants garment in place but deflated, each volunteer was injected via a 3-mL syringe with a measured amount of xenon 133 dissolved in 2 mL of normal saline. The 133Xe was then rapidly flushed with 250 mL of normal saline using a blood infusion hand pump. Time required for 133Xe to reach the central circulation was measured using a gamma emissions camera. The above procedure was then repeated with the garment inflated to 40 and then to 100 mm of mercury. There was no statistically significant difference in the amount of time to reach peak concentration of 133Xe in the thorax or in the time required to infuse 250 mL of normal saline via hand pump with the garment inflated to 0, 40, or 100 mm Hg. These results indicate that IV solutions may be rapidly infused under pressure distal to the pneumatic antishock trousers and reach the central circulation without significant delay. PMID- 6526990 TI - The mormyrid brainstem. I. Distribution of brainstem neurones projecting to the spinal cord in Gnathonemus petersii. An HRP study. AB - The sources of the descending spinal tracts were identified in the teleost fish Gnathonemus petersii by retrograde HRP transport. HRP injections were made at two spinal levels, either at level of the caudal end of the dorsal fin, anterior to the electric organ, or at the pectoral fin. In both cases all labeled cells were found in the rhombencephalon and the mesencephalic tegmentum. No labeled cells were observed either in the cerebellum and lateral line lobes or in the dorsal mesencephalon i.e. torus semicircularis and mesencephalic tectum or in the telencephalon. Following caudal spinal injections, the majority of the labeled cells were grouped in a median and a ventrolateral column of the rhombencephalic reticular formation. The latter is composed of three parts corresponding to the nucleus reticularis inferior, medius and superior. Both Mauthner cells, all the cells in the medullary relay nucleus controlling the electric organ discharge and a few cells in the posterior part of the magnocellular octaval nucleus were labeled. In the mesencephalon, four nuclei were identified by HRP labeling: the nucleus of the medial longitudinal fasciculus, the nucleus reticularis mesencephali and the anterior and posterior tegmental mesodiencephalic nuclei. The rostral injections revealed several additional spinal projections from the descending vestibular and tangential nuclei, from the medial part of the magnocellular nucleus and, finally, from the rostral periventricular gray of the mesencephalon. Also, after such injections, a greater number of cells were labeled in the reticular formation, especially in the median column and in the inferior reticular nucleus. The results suggest that the rostral spinal cord has a larger connection with the acoustico-vestibular area and the medullary reticular formation than the caudal spinal cord. In contrast, the mesencephalic nuclei, probably linked to the mesencephalic tectum and the pretectal area, appears to be a coordinating apparatus between the visual system and the trunk/tail musculature. Thus, it appears that teleost fish possess the same basic equipment of descending spinal pathways as higher vertebrates. PMID- 6526991 TI - Termination areas of corticobulbar and corticospinal fibres in the rat. AB - Solution of the cobaltic lysine complex compound injected into the bulbar pyramid was taken up by pyramidal tract (PT) fibres and intraaxonally transported as far rostral as the internal capsule, and as far caudal as segment C4 of the spinal cord. With sulfide-precipitation of the cobalt and silver-intensification of the CoS, terminal branches of corticobulbar and corticospinal fibres could be shown in the following structures: In the pons the medial, ventral and the medial part of the lateral pontine nuclei are supplied with collaterals of PT fibres. The medial pontine nucleus receives contralateral PT fibres as well. The nucleus raphe magnus receives PT fibre collaterals from both sides. In the reticular formation contralateral fibres terminate in n. reticularis pontis caudalis, n. gigantocellularis, n. paramedianus, n. reticularis ventralis and dorsalis. Ipsilateral fibers terminate in the n. gigantocellularis and n. reticularis ventralis. The inferior olive receives both ipsilateral and contralateral PT fibres. All parts of the central gray substance are supplied by ipsi-and contralateral fibres which emerge from the PT at the level of the pyramidal decussation. The caudal nucleus of the spinal nucleus of the trigeminus receives a strong bundle of crossing PT fibres which terminate in the subnucleus magnocellularis. The dorsal column nuclei are virtually outlined by the numerous terminals of PT fibres. An oval area at ventrolateral aspect of the cuneate nucleus is innervated by PT fibres. The neurones of this area send their axons to the dorsal white column. In the spinal cord PT fibre terminals delineate four areas of termination. The first is the internal basilar nucleus which is the most richly supplied. The second lies lateral and ventral to this nucleus including segments of laminae V, VI, and VII. The third area extends into the ventral horn including a small zone of the ventral part of lamina VII. Thin PT fibre collaterals may establish here direct contacts with motoneurone dendrites. The fourth area includes laminae III and IV and receives individual terminal formations of thicker PT fibres. Findings which corroborate and which extend previous results are discussed. A few notes are made on the functional significance of some of these fibre connections. PMID- 6526992 TI - Localization of entorhinal cortex neurons projecting to the dorsal hippocampal formation--a stereotaxic tool in three dimensions. AB - After topical injection of horseradish peroxidase into the dorsal hippocampal formation, the distribution of retrogradely labelled neurons of the entorhinal cortex was investigated. The distribution of these cells, which are projecting to the dorsal hippocampal formation, is demonstrated by drawings representing series of frontal, sagittal and horizontal sections and including stereotaxic coordinates. These drawings can be used as a morphological and stereotaxic tool in neurobiological research. Controversial opinions as to the dividing of the entorhinal cortex into subfields are discussed. PMID- 6526993 TI - [Individual variability of lamina V pyramidal neurons in the cingulate area of the rat]. AB - Lamina V-pyramidal neurons of regio precentralis agranularis in Golgi-Kopsch impregnated frontal series of the brains of four adult male rats were analyzed quantitatively in order to estimate the degree of individual variability. As parameters served the dendritic lengths, spine numbers and spine densities along the dendritic orders, within single dendritic fields and within the apical and basal parts of the dendritic tree or of the whole neuron. The significance of individual differences in these parameters between the animals was proven by the tests of Mann and Whitney or of Kruskal and Wallis. The variability turned out to be different in particular subdivisions of the neuron analyzed as well as for the parameter chosen. The basal single dendritic field showed a relative high degree of constancy in its data and the dendritic lengths were statistically more invariable than the spine values. The knowledge about high or less variable parameters in strictly selected neurons is of considerable importance for the planning of experiments followed by quantitative analyses of neurons. The application of the most suitable statistical method is also discussed. PMID- 6526994 TI - [Effect of different acclimatization temperatures on the ultrastructure of neuronal synapses of perch (Tilapia mariae; Cichlidae, Teleostei)]. AB - The ultrastructure of synapses in the stratum fibrosum marginale (SM) of the optic tectum of cichlid fishes (Tilapia mariae) was investigated following acclimation to extreme environmental temperatures (experimental temperatures 16 degrees C and 32 degrees C; preference temperature: 26 degrees C). Four different types of synapses can be differentiated, from which 90% of all synapses belong to axodendritic spine synapses. The general ultrastructural appearance is more distinct in case of cold -adapted fishes, which in particular is due to a more pronounced staining of the polysaccharide-surface coat of the membranes. Analyzing quantitatively the axo-dendritic spine synapses (600 of each collective) significant differences were found for the length of the synaptic contact zone (16 degrees C: 0,391 micron; 32 degrees C: 0,369 micron) and for the thickness of postsynaptic densities (16 degrees C 42,6 nm; 32 degrees C: 52,7 nm). The number of mitochondria per presynapse was rised for cold-adapted animals to a value of 0,29 as compared to 0,18 mitochondria/presynapse for warm-adapted animals. The vesicle density per micron 2 of synaptic area, however, remained unchanged (approximately equal to 89 vesicles/micron 2). The morphological synaptic plasticity thus demonstrated in the optic tectum of chichlid teleosts, is correlated with behavioural changes and with alterations in the biochemical composition of synaptic membranes. PMID- 6526995 TI - Acrylonitrile inhalation in rats: I. Effect on intermediary metabolism. AB - In male Wistar rats the inhalation exposure to acrylonitrile (AN), 280 mg X m-3, 8 hours a day for five days significantly decreased the serum concentration of cholesterol and triglycerides, but the liver concentrations of phospholipids, and esterified fatty acids were unchanged. The liver microsomal protein and cytochrome P-450 content decreased significantly. On the other hand the levels of glucose, lactate and pyruvate in the blood and brain significantly increased up to 250% of controls. A microscopic examination of the lungs, liver, kidneys and adrenals did not show structural changes and the numbers and enzyme activities of alveolar macrophages were also unaffected. In single 12-hour inhalation exposures the elevation of blood glucose was proportional to the inhaled concentration of AN (average concentrations 57, 125, or 271 mg X m-3); the effect was significant at the lowest AN concentration and was intensified in the glucose tolerance test. The elevation of blood glucose proved to be the most sensitive and dose-related indicator of AN exposure of those observed. PMID- 6526996 TI - The effect of chronic exposure to 0.005% CO on hormone levels in brain and blood, and organ weights in rats. PMID- 6526997 TI - A questionnaire technique for assessing the stress at work. AB - Subjective perception of the stress at work is a phenomenon reflecting the experience-mediated relationship between the sum of objective conditions of work and the sum of individual's traits available to cope with demands of the work environment. This relationship is mirrored in the function of the whole organism and can be described using the formula S = f (E, D), where S = the state of the organism, E = exposure (i.e. the sum of all stressors the organism is exposed to), and D = disposition (i.e. the sum of traits the organism has available to cope with these stressors). Based on these theoretical considerations, a questionnaire has been developed as a tool for assessing the work stress in different groups of occupations. This "Work Stress Assessment" (WSA) questionnaire was used in a group of 4800 female employees from various branches of the printing industry. Of a total of 160 questionnaire items, 98 items were selected and used to assess the workload in these employees, using a 5-point rating scale of evaluation. The responses were processed statistically, separately for 3531 blue-collar and 1269 white-collar respondents. The use of the factor analysis method revealed that the two groups of jobs had 16 factors in common, 3 factors were specific for blue-collar and 2 factors for white-collar jobs. Judged by factor components, the responses of subjects were well structured and the perceived stress at work turned out to well reflect the reality of conditions of work, which confirms the construct validity of this methodical approach based on the subjective perception of occupational stress. High coefficients of consistency (0.959 for blue-collar and 0.946 for white-collar occupations) point to the reliability of this questionnaire technique. Thus, the WSA questionnaire appears to suitably complement the other methodical approaches aimed at assessing the stress at work in different groups of occupations. PMID- 6526998 TI - Methodological approaches to the evaluation of physical efforts during work (a review of soviet literature). AB - Present-day methods of evaluation of physical loads, widely used in laboratory studies and in industry and implemented by direct assessment and indirect determination of the amount of efforts made by the hand, are reported. The analysis of literary data testifies to the advisability of wide use of the methodological approach to the evaluation of efforts proposed by the authors which permits recording the efforts of the hand in N and differentiating them according to their application immediately at the time of work independent of the character of the manual instrument used as well as without using any instrument. The measuring of efforts, their amount, and duration, with the aid of the proposed method together with the evaluation of the functional state of the groups of muscles engaged in work, offers the possibility of revealing the causes of industrial fatigue and overstrain leading to pathological changes in the neuromuscular apparatus of the hands, of prognosticating occupational diseases both under the conditions of the actually existing processing equipment and at the stage of planning new technology and developing pilot production. PMID- 6526999 TI - Frequency of occurrence of antibodies to tissues in the sera of various groups of population. AB - A new method of detecting antibodies to tissues (ATA) in the sera of humans has been developed. The method is based on special treatment of human erythrocytes of the first group (rhesus-negative) with glutaric aldehyde rendering them capable of reacting with antibodies to tissues. Positive reaction is recorded in the form of haemagglutination. The reaction is easy to perform and open to mass examination of sera of children and adult population. The incidence of antibodies to tissues in the sera of sick and healthy children and adults was investigated. A total of 723 sera including 160 sera obtained from sick adults, 255 from healthy adults, 110 from sick children and 198 from healthy children were examined in the haemagglutination reaction using a microtechnique. It has been established that no antibodies to tissues were present in the sera of most healthy subjects (79.2%), children or adults. In 19.4% ATA were detected in titres 1:2-1:4, while an increased level (ATA titres 1:8 and higher) was found in only 1.4% of the sera. The subjects whose sera contained ATA predominated in the group of sick adults and children. In 52.9% of cases, ATA titres were 1:2-1:4. In 30.8% they were higher (1:8 and higher). The method can be recommended for mass examinations with the purpose of evaluating the immune state of the population. PMID- 6527000 TI - Rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease in Serbia Proper, Yugoslavia, 1970 1979. AB - The occurrence of rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease in the period 1970 1979 is analysed on the basis of morbidity and mortality data. It was found that: Rheumatic fever first attacks rate and rheumatic fever recurrent attacks rate in 1979 were by 80% and 91% lower respectively, compared with 1970 rates; The disease became milder and the number of RF with heart involvement decreased especially in population over 19 years old; In the ten year period mortality rate from rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease decreased 2.8 times; In the age group 15-24 mortality did not decline so noticeable and mortality rate in this age group is still ten times higher than the same rate in the most developed countries; Among all defined causes of death (except accidents), in the age group 15-24, rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease (taken together) fell from first or second place to the eleventh or tenth place in the last years under review; One can expect that the declining trend of morbidity and mortality from rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease will continue though probably slower then in the preceding period. PMID- 6527001 TI - Enterobacter sakazakii: a tween 80 esterase-positive representative of the genus Enterobacter isolated from powdered milk specimens. AB - Enterobacter sakazakii is the new species name introduced in 1977 for yellow pigmented strains originally designated as yellow Enterobacter cloacae. All of the six E.sakazakii strains isolated from powdered milk specimens were found to produce Tween 80 esterase after 7 days of incubation at 25 degrees C and 37 degrees C. From E.cloacae it is distinguishable by reactions in four, or even three, biochemical tests, i.e. by production of yellow pigment, positive production of Tween 80 esterase and by non-fermentation of sorbite and mucate; from the Serratia species it can be differentiated by the negative test for lecithinase production. PMID- 6527002 TI - Effect of spleen extracts on the immune response in chickens to Ancylostoma caninum larvae. AB - Spleen extracts from WLH chickens nonsensitized and sensitized by repeated infections of Ancylostoma caninum larvae were injected separately into isologous recipients. Extracts from donors infected with repeated high dose (250 + 250 + 500) and low dose (125 + 125 + 250) of larvae induced a significant acquired protective immune response when compared to controls which received normal extracts. No significant difference was observed between the two experimental groups. The filariform Ancylostoma caninum larvae which can cause cutaneous larva migrans in man are found to be carried by a variety of paratenic hosts. Several studies from this lab have shown that the white leg horn (WLH) chicken successfully sustains and also responds immunologically to this parasite. The present authors have also shown that extracts of bursae of Fabricius and spleens of immunized chickens can induce immunity in syngeneic recipients. Here an attempt has been made to investigate whether repeatedly sensitized extracts of A. caninum infected chickens can cause expulsion of a challenge dose from the recipients. PMID- 6527003 TI - Nematospiroides dubius: adoptive transfer of immunity through peritoneal exudate cells and extent of immunosuppression in recipient Swiss albino mice. AB - Adoptively immunized female Swiss albino mice responded better to HcA when treated before cell transfer than those treated after cell transfer and also from treated donors during the course of experimental infection of Nematospiroides dubius. Immunosuppression in recipients treated after cell transfer gave an overall considerably better expression of immunosuppression and those treated before cell transfer exhibited better retention capacity on day 1 only. PMID- 6527004 TI - Endogenous opiates mediate cardiac sympathetic inhibition in response to a pressor stimulus in rabbits. AB - Two different patterns of response to a pressor stimulus occurred in conscious rabbits. This difference was not apparent when a depressor stimulus was applied. At levels of mean arterial pressure exceeding 120 mmHg one group of animals exhibited a marked bradycardia which was due to sympathetic inhibition in addition to vagal activation while this sympathetic component appeared to be lacking in the second group of animals. Naloxone (0.1 mg/kg i.v.) markedly reduced the sympathetic inhibition elicited by phenylephrine but had no significant effect on the reflex vagal stimulation. Naloxone thereby abolished the difference in sensitivity of baroreflex control of heart rate in response to a pressor stimulus between the two groups of rabbits. Naloxone did not influence the sensitivity of the reflex response to nitroprusside. Morphine (2 mg/kg) increased the vagal component of the baroreceptor reflex in response to a pressor stimulus and the sensitivity of the reflex response to nitroprusside in all the rabbits, and this was antagonized by naloxone (0.1 mg/kg). Morphine also potentiated and naloxone antagonized the bradycardic response at levels of MAP exceeding 120 mmHg, in those rabbits which appeared to lack the cardiac sympathetic inhibitory component of the reflex. The results show that endogenous and exogenous opiates can increase the reflex bradycardia in response to a pressor stimulus in the conscious rabbit. The difference in baroreflex sensitivity in different animals may result from their varying ability to activate endogenous opioid systems which depress cardiac sympathetic activity. PMID- 6527005 TI - Racial differences in intracellular concentration and transmembrane fluxes of sodium and potassium in erythrocytes of normal male subjects. AB - Erythrocyte concentrations and fluxes of sodium and potassium were investigated in normal black and white male subjects. Erythrocyte sodium concentration was significantly elevated in blacks compared to whites. In single regression analysis erythrocyte sodium concentration was inversely related to the ouabain sensitive 86Rb-uptake and to the frusemide-sensitive sodium efflux. After adjusting for race, only the relationship between the erythrocyte sodium concentration and the Na+, K+-ATpase pump activity persisted. The sodium-lithium countertransport system was also depressed in the black subjects. No significant difference was observed in erythrocyte potassium concentration between blacks and white. It is probable that, in blacks the decreased active influx of potassium through the sodium-potassium pump was to some extent counter balanced by a reduced efflux of this cationic mediated by the depressed cotransport system. There was no difference in cationic concentrations and fluxes of sodium and potassium between blacks bearing and not bearing haemoglobin S. PMID- 6527006 TI - Overlapping but not identical protein synthetic domains in cardiovascular cells in response to glucocorticoid hormones. AB - We have compared, by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, the effects of glucocorticoids on newly synthesized proteins of cultured cardiovascular cells (rat synthetic- and contractile-state vascular smooth muscle, rat cardiac muscle and non-muscle, and bovine endothelium) and rat hepatoma (H4) cells, as a non cardiovascular target. In each cell type, glucocorticoids consistently affected a particular set of proteins termed the glucocorticoid domain for that target tissue. Cardiovascular cells exhibited overlapping but non-identical glucocorticoid domains; these domains varied in number of proteins, proportion of induced and repressed proteins, and overlap (extent of shared protein responses) between the various cardiovascular cell types studied. On physico-chemical and co electrophoresis data the glucocorticoid domain of cardiovascular cells also overlapped with that of hepatoma cells, but to a lesser extent. The glucocorticoid domain in cardiac muscle cells included five proteins not found in cardiac non-muscle cells. Contractile-state vascular smooth muscle cells showed some, but not all, of the proteins affected by glucocorticoids in synthetic-state cells; the only response seen in the contractile but not vascular smooth muscle cells was a protein of Mr-52K and pI-5.3, which was also induced in spontaneously contractile cardiac muscle. Further characterization of contractile and synthetic vascular smooth muscle and cardiac muscle proteins affected by glucocorticoids is necessary to ascertain their role(s) in specialized cardiovascular functions. PMID- 6527007 TI - In vivo activation of macrophages but not natural killer cells by picolinic acid (PLA). AB - Intraperitoneal injection of PLA into C57BL/6 mice induced high levels of macrophage-mediated cytostatic activity. Maximal cytostatic activity was found 3 days after injection of 100 mg/kg of PLA. In contrast, natural killer cell activity was not affected by PLA. Thus, PLA selectively modulates macrophage activity without influencing NK activity. PMID- 6527008 TI - The immunomodulatory effect of yeast glucan on delayed hypersensitivity. AB - The effect of yeast beta-1, 3-glucan as an immunopotentiator of delayed type hypersensitivity reactions (DHR) was studied. Delayed-type-hypersensitivity reactions in mice sensitized intraperitoneally (IP) with sheep red blood cells (SRBC) and pretreated three days previously with glucan given IP were significantly increased. However, mice sensitized IP with SRBC three days after the subcutaneous (SC) administration of glucan showed depressed DHR. Glucan given at the same site but not at distance strongly potentiated the DHR induced by SC sensitization with SRBC. Subcutaneous injection of glucan and SRBC given together also resulted in a sustained DHR which persisted twelve days after sensitization when DHR of control mice had waned. PMID- 6527009 TI - Humoral and cellular immunologic responses in collagen-induced arthritis in rats: their correlation with severity of arthritis. AB - Collagen arthritis in rats has a well defined humoral and cellular immunologic response to type II collagen, the inciting antigen. Like other chronic models of inflammation, considerable variation exists in terms of severity and incidence. We have attempted to correlate the inflammatory response as measured by paw volume, with serum type II collagen antibody and skin delayed hypersensitivity (DH) to type II collagen. Surprisingly, the incidence and severity of collagen arthritis, induced in the presence of MDP to increase incidence of the disease, are neither correlated with type II collagen antibody nor DH to type II collagen. However, tarsometatarsal bone erosion is significantly correlated with paw edema. Further studies will be necessary to elucidate the role of both humoral and cellular immune responses in the development of type II collagen arthritis in the rat. PMID- 6527010 TI - Effects of pyrethroids on lymphocyte membrane lipid packing order. AB - The effects of pyrethroids on the membrane lipid packing order of murine splenic lymphocytes have been investigated by utilizing the fluorescent probe 1,6 diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene. Fluorescence anisotropy and lifetime measurements indicated alterations in the environment of the probe at pyrethroid concentrations near 1 microM. Decreased packing order of membrane lipids was detected for permethrin and cypermethrin by decreased anisotropy values. Permethrin and cypermethrin decreased fluorescence lifetime over a concentration range similar to that causing anisotropy changes. Anisotropy was predominantly increased in the presence of fluvalinate and fenpropathrin, indicating pronounced quenching of fluorescence by these compounds. However, the anisotropy changes in response to fluvalinate and fenpropathrin occurred at concentrations which were similar to effective concentrations of permethrin and cypermethrin. Compared to the other pyrethroids tested, allethrin required approximately 10 fold higher concentrations to alter anisotropy and lifetime values. Effects of pyrethroids on the phase transition of dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine liposomes were also studied to give further insight into the membrane interactions of these compounds. Results from the liposomal system indicate that the effects of pyrethroids on membrane order which were observed in the lymphocyte may be generalizable to other cell types. PMID- 6527011 TI - Non-specific liver disease of the tropics. PMID- 6527012 TI - Observation on plasma fibrinogen level in cases of incomplete abortions. PMID- 6527013 TI - Bacteria in bile and their hazards in biliary tract surgery. PMID- 6527014 TI - Early versus delayed operation for acute cholecystitis. PMID- 6527015 TI - Injuries to birth canal during childbirth. PMID- 6527016 TI - An unusual manifestation of mycetoma at an uncommon site. PMID- 6527017 TI - Primary amyloidosis of the gut. PMID- 6527018 TI - Pleural hydatidosis. PMID- 6527019 TI - Ischiopagus tetrabrachius tripus. PMID- 6527020 TI - Fibrosarcoma of maxilla. PMID- 6527021 TI - Rupture of infected hydatid cyst of liver into the gall bladder causing empyema with obstructive jaundice. PMID- 6527022 TI - Concomitant choledochoduodenal and gastrojejunocolic fistulae in duodenal ulcer. PMID- 6527023 TI - De Lange syndrome. PMID- 6527024 TI - Oxalate stone disease in small bowel disorders (mechanism and prophylaxis). PMID- 6527025 TI - Training in epidemiology in India: current status and needs. PMID- 6527026 TI - Histological profile of diagnostic endometrial curettage and its significance. PMID- 6527027 TI - Pattern of acute intestinal obstruction in Southern Orissa. PMID- 6527028 TI - Acute appendicitis complicating pregnancy. PMID- 6527029 TI - Foetal malnutrition and maternal factors--a correlative study. PMID- 6527030 TI - Systolic hypertension. PMID- 6527031 TI - Macrogenitosomia precocx. PMID- 6527032 TI - Intra-abdominal fibromatosis. PMID- 6527033 TI - Fanconi's anaemia with psoriasis and polyclonal gammopathy. PMID- 6527034 TI - Pregnancy in a rudimentary horn of uterus. PMID- 6527035 TI - Myxoedematous limb girdle myopathy and neuropathy. PMID- 6527036 TI - Ipsilateral fracture of neck and shaft of femur. PMID- 6527037 TI - Testicular feminisation syndrome. PMID- 6527038 TI - Childhood malignant nevus giganticus. PMID- 6527039 TI - Breech presentation and obstetricians. PMID- 6527040 TI - Side-room tests in infectious diseases units. PMID- 6527041 TI - An outbreak of respiratory syncytial virus pneumonia in a nursing home for the elderly. AB - An outbreak of pneumonia and febrile respiratory illness took place in a Los Angeles County nursing home for the elderly in February and March of 1979. Forty of 101 (40%) residents were affected. Twenty-two (55%) had pneumonia and eight (20%) died. The outbreak extended over a period of 6 weeks. Serological evidence implicated respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) as the causative agent. Three patients had fourfold or greater rises in the titre of antibody to RSV, one had high titres in paired samples of serum, while nine had a titre of greater than or equal to 64 in a single convalescent sample. RSV may be a more important cause of lower respiratory illness among the elderly in residential institutions than previously recognised. PMID- 6527044 TI - Corynebacterium ulcerans infection associated with untreated milk. AB - Infection with Corynebacterium ulcerans has been previously reported in association with cows' milk. Further evidence that the disease is a zoonosis is given in this report of infection in a consumer of untreated milk. The organism was isolated from a sample of milk, and from two cows in a herd of 93 Jersey cattle. One of the farm workers was a symptomless nasal carrier. PMID- 6527043 TI - Transient hyperphosphatasaemia of infancy following rotavirus infection. AB - A child with transient hyperphosphatasaemia of infancy is reported. The syndrome followed rotavirus infection. Reports of transient hyperphosphatasaemia of infancy are reviewed. PMID- 6527045 TI - Multiple Salmonella endocarditis. AB - A patient with known rheumatic mitral stenosis who developed infective endocarditis associated with a diarrhoeal illness is described. Dual infection with Salmonella virchow and Salmonella montevideo was identified. The illness was otherwise uncomplicated and she recovered after six weeks' treatment with parenteral antibiotics. PMID- 6527042 TI - A model of catheter colonisation in vitro and its relationship to clinical catheter infections. AB - A laboratory model for colonisation of silicone-rubber catheters by staphylococci is described. The criteria for true colonisation that involves adhesion of the organisms to the luminal surface are discussed. Light and scanning electron micrographs of the microcolonies produced in the laboratory model suggest that the same mechanisms of adhesion, involving extracellular slime, apply as in clinically colonised catheters. Potential uses of the model, for studying further the mechanisms of colonisation and particularly its prevention and treatment, are discussed. PMID- 6527046 TI - Acute renal failure and infectious mononucleosis. AB - Renal failure is a rare complication of infectious mononucleosis, and is usually due to acute interstitial nephritis. Outcome has been variable with spontaneous recovery, death, and chronic renal failure being described. Only two patients have been reported as requiring dialysis. In some cases the aetiology of the interstitial nephritis has been open to doubt and may have been drug-induced. The case of a patient with acute renal failure associated with infectious mononucleosis and in whom interstitial nephritis appears to have been totally related to the underlying disease is described. There was an excellent response to treatment with high doses of methyl prednisolone given intravenously. PMID- 6527048 TI - Preliminary parasitological survey of intestinal parasites among inhabitants of Okrika Island in the Niger Delta. PMID- 6527047 TI - Infection with Cryptococcus neoformans var. gattii leading to a pulmonary cryptococcoma and meningitis. AB - A patient who lived in Ohio, U.S.A., developed a large pulmonary cryptococcoma and meningitis as the result of infection with Cryptococcus neoformans var. gattii, an organism of subtropical and tropical distribution. He had no obvious predisposing illness or condition associated with increased susceptibility to cryptococcosis. Although he was found to have cutaneous anergy, his lymphocytes showed significant transformation responses in vitro when cultured both with mitogens and with killed cryptococci. The meningitis responded to intrathecal amphotericin B. The cryptococcoma, however, did not resolve in response to vigorous antifungal therapy during a period of more than 4 months. Eventually, the cryptococcoma was surgically removed. This case is unusual both for the finding of C. neoformans var. gattii outside its apparent endemic area as well as for the clinical features of the disease. PMID- 6527049 TI - [Effects of pulmonary artery balloon pumping on acute right ventricular failure complicated by right ventricular infarction]. PMID- 6527050 TI - [The protective effects on the myocardium of intermittent coronary perfusion with cold potassium cardioplegia--evaluation by myocardial surface pH]. PMID- 6527051 TI - [The experimental studies of the myocardial protection during the aortic clamp from the DNA kinetics]. PMID- 6527052 TI - [Echocardiographic prediction of postoperative low cardiac output syndrome]. PMID- 6527053 TI - [Surgical treatment of chronic empyema--indication of our own method]. PMID- 6527054 TI - [Left ventricular function and its reserve late after correction of tetralogy of Fallot]. PMID- 6527055 TI - [Studies on concentration and reuse of priming blood after extracorporeal circulation: a comparison between the cell saver and hollow fiber dialyzer]. PMID- 6527056 TI - [Postoperative improvement of left ventricular function and exercise tolerance in patients with aortic regurgitation]. PMID- 6527057 TI - [Surgical treatment of infective endocarditis]. PMID- 6527058 TI - [Surgical treatment of perivalvular leakage following mitral valve replacement with left atrial wall dissection--left thoracotomy approach]. PMID- 6527059 TI - [A case of left ventricular aneurysm of normal coronary arteriogram complicated with multiple arterial embolization]. PMID- 6527060 TI - [Pleural effusion due to rupture of benign cystic teratoma into left pleural cavity: a review of the Japanese literature]. PMID- 6527061 TI - [A case report of partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection of the left lung associated with other vessel anomalies]. PMID- 6527062 TI - [A case of bilateral multiple pulmonary arteriovenous fistulas with Rendu-Osler Weber disease]. PMID- 6527063 TI - [Chou-Fasman's prediction of the secondary structure of proteins with a hand-held computer]. PMID- 6527064 TI - [The 57th annual meeting of the Japanese Orthopaedic Association. Sapporo, June 22-24, 1984. Abstracts]. PMID- 6527065 TI - [Regulation on the calculation of mortality rate (draft). Japanese Society of Cancer Therapy, November, 1983]. PMID- 6527066 TI - [Role of chemotherapy in management of molar pregnancy]. PMID- 6527067 TI - [Late damages in the treatment of oral and pharyngeal cancer by radiation therapy]. PMID- 6527068 TI - [Oral administration of streptococcal preparation "OK 432 (picibanil)"--the second report: experimental studies on its absorption and the responses of the gut associated lymphoid tissue]. PMID- 6527070 TI - [Experimental and clinical evaluation of morphine hydrochloride suppository]. PMID- 6527069 TI - [A new selection system of anti-cancer chemotherapeutic agents in consideration of immunosuppression assay--experimental study]. PMID- 6527071 TI - [Heterotransplantation of human gastric carcinoma into nude mice. 9. Transplantation of cell suspension of serially transplanted human gastric cancer in subcutaneous tissue into the peritoneal cavity of nude mice]. PMID- 6527072 TI - [Aneurysm of the infrarenal abdominal aorta in octogenarians. Apropos of a series of 30 consecutive cases]. AB - The authors report a series of 30 operated consecutive infrarenal abdominal aneurysms on patients aged of 80 years old or more. The operation is necessary in emergency in 13 cases (43.3%): 10 patients with sudden severe abdominal pain and faintness and 3 with rupture. In 17 cases the indication of surgery is "elective" (56.7%): sole physical finding in 10 cases, one case of ureteral tract compression and 6 cases of recent pain. In 13 cases, the infrarenal aneurysm is associated with arterial occlusive disease. In 20% of the cases, the operation consists on aorto-aortic bypass graft; in the other cases, aorto iliac bypass is necessary; in 3 cases the distal implantation of the graft is on the groin, on the femoral artery. The hospital mortality is 20% of the cases (6 cases); after operation in emergency the mortality is higher (30.6%) than after elective surgery (11.7%). The mean of the late follow up is of 39 months (2 months to 9 years): the late mortality is 16.6% of the cases (5 cases). The actuarial percentage of survival at 4 years is 60%. CONCLUSION: The elderly is not a contraindication for surgical treatment of the infrarenal aortic aneurysm. The late survival rate is good after the operation. PMID- 6527073 TI - [Development of a standardized form for mercury gauge plethysmography of veins and arteries]. AB - Mercury strain gauge plethysmography will play an increasingly important role in vascular function exploration, participating in the detection of deep vein thrombosis and replacing arteriopathy in its arterio-capillary context. This required the development of a standardized reporting form for entering results of venous and arterial examinations and providing simple, clear evaluations of vascular function to assist therapeutic decisions. A standardized sheet in the form of rapidly scanned graphs and tables was established, this simplified representation facilitating decision making. Wider use of this type of form is proposed, with the aim of providing uniformity of data from mercury strain gauge plethysmography and statistical and computerized analysis of results of multicentre studies. PMID- 6527074 TI - [Systemic disease and thrombosis of the major vessels]. AB - Etiologic research into caval syndromes enables distinction to be made between superior caval thrombosis, when there is generally a local cause, and inferior caval lesions that are usually of a general origin. Acute disseminated lupus erythematosus and Behcet's disease should be investigated for, particularly in young patients, when an inflammatory syndrome is detected, and when the thrombus lies in the inferior cava territory. PMID- 6527075 TI - [Recurrent venous thrombosis]. AB - This report is concerned less with the clinical characteristics of recurrent venous thrombosis than with the current revolution in research into its etiology. Progress in knowledge of hemostasis has advanced the diagnosis of venous thrombosis from the risk factor epoch to that of molecular pathology. In this respect, venous thromboembolic disorder constitutes a particularly stimulating model for increasing understanding of vascular diseases. PMID- 6527076 TI - [Preliminary results 6 months after embolization of the deep dorsal vein of the penis in erectile insufficiencies of venous origin]. PMID- 6527078 TI - Patient privacy: a consumer protection approach. PMID- 6527077 TI - MIS versus quality of health care. PMID- 6527079 TI - An automated system for visual studies. AB - An interactive computer-controlled system is described that is used for visual studies including Visual Evoked Potentials in humans and animals and Visual Receptive Field recordings in animals. Visual stimuli are generated by a display system and the brain activity is monitored by microelectrodes (for animal recordings) and scalp electrodes (for human recordings). The signals are amplified, digitized, and stored. The software uses a response feedback algorithm for mapping the receptive fields. Initially random patterns are presented on a TV monitor and the neural response is recorded. Depending on the response to the pattern and the light distribution in it, the algorithm calculates a new pattern, always trying to maximize the response. As the process goes on, the stimuli patterns become near optimal and thus the receptive field of the neuron is mapped automatically, as a result that for many years has been formed by trial and error. The same system is used for analysis of the recorded results and recordings of the Visual Evoked Potentials in animals and humans. For the human evoked potentials different patterns are generated on the display monitor with a variety of choices, ranging from the simplest (checkerboard and gratings) to the most complicated ones (faces and scenes). PMID- 6527080 TI - Advanced occupational health information systems. AB - The goals of occupational health information and surveillance systems are outlined together with the components required to achieve these objectives. The various input sources (different divisions within the concerned organization) are identified and major types of output reports of the system are described. These general outlines could assist in standardizing future developments of such systems or potential customers in evaluating commercially available occupational health information systems. Potential advantages to employers and employees from incorporating these comprehensive surveillance systems are indicated. The beneficiary effects of utilizing information accumulated in a standardized, comprehensive, and longitudinal format from large groups of workers for prevention, health maintenance, or epidemiological evaluations are stressed and some specific examples given. PMID- 6527081 TI - Computerized patient visit data analysis for the outpatient department of Jeddah General Hospital. AB - Hospitals play a vital role in the service of any community. In order that they may provide good quality service efficiently and at a reasonable cost, it is essential that they be properly managed. The development of a management information system (MIS) is a sine qua non for fulfilling this kind of need. With the above realization in mind, a computerized MIS is being developed for the Jeddah General Hospital, which was started only a few years ago. This paper describes the computerized analysis of the outpatient department's data so as to report it to the management as a part of the overall MIS. First, statistics such as number of patients/clinic/day, new and follow-up cases, male and female patients, time per patient, absentees, etc., are generated. These are then analyzed by using computers and are incorporated in the reports to be presented to the management on a periodic basis. The computer programming is in BASIC language so that mini-computers may be used for this purpose. The paper also discusses the possibilities of future enlargement of this work. PMID- 6527082 TI - Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (P.T.C.) using Chiba needle in the diagnosis of cholestasis: the experience in 276 consecutive patients. The success rate, morbidity and mortality, with special emphasis on its recent diagnostic validity. PMID- 6527083 TI - The normal pancreatogram in Thai subjects. PMID- 6527084 TI - Pruritic urticarial papules and plaques of pregnancy (PUPPP) report of 2 cases. PMID- 6527085 TI - Transient blindness in pre-eclamptic patient--a case report. PMID- 6527086 TI - Multiple meningiomas with cranial nerve involvement. PMID- 6527087 TI - Ionic dependence of secretory and electrical activity evoked by elevated K+ in a peptidergic neurosecretory system. AB - Secretion of the octapeptide erythrophore- (red pigment-) concentrating hormone (ECH, RPCH) and extracellularly monitored electrical activity were followed simultaneously from individual, isolated sinus glands (neurohaemal organs), of the crab Cardisoma carnifex. Following introduction of saline having elevated [K], 100-196 mmol l-1 (5-11 X normal), secretion (bioassayed from 1-min fractions during continuous perfusion) increases from barely detectable (less than 1 fmol min-1) to a peak, average 31 fmol min-1, within 5 min, and immediately subsides. Additional responses are obtainable following a period, greater than 30 min, of normal saline perfusion. Secretory responses to K are Ca-dependent. If Ca is restored (in high K) following perfusion in 0-Ca, high K, only a small secretory response is observed. Addition of Mn (10 mmol l-1, normal Ca) reduces secretion to one-tenth. Increased net uptake of 45Ca of 2.5- to 6-fold is observed in individual sinus glands exposed to 10 X K compared to paired, unstimulated organs. The pattern and Ca-dependence of secretory responses to K are unaffected, but the amount of secretion is augmented in Na-deficient or TTX-containing salines. Intracellular recording confirms that brief (10-40 s) bouts of intense firing recorded extracellularly upon commencing a high K perfusion include repetitive firing by terminals, superimposed on rapid depolarization. Firing ceases as the membrane potential reaches a depolarized value (-18 to -15 mV for [K] 100-176 mmol l-1), which is then maintained until restoration of normal saline, when slow repolarization ensues. In 0-Ca, spontaneous impulse firing is increased, resting potential depolarized by 5 to 15 mV, but the bout of impulse firing and the maintained depolarization in response to K are similar. Thus, mechanisms of secretion of a crustacean peptide neurohormone appear closely similar to those of other systems characterized: responsiveness to elevated K, dependence on Ca, depolarization-, but not secretion-dependent inactivation, and lack of dependence on Na inward current. Intracellular recording here permits direct observation of electrical responses of terminals. PMID- 6527088 TI - Calcium-dependent action potentials in leech giant salivary cells. AB - Two pairs of discrete salivary glands are located at the base of the muscular proboscis of the sanguivorous Glossiphoniid leeches Haementeria ghilianii and Haementeria officinalis. Each anterior gland is 0.8 cm to 2 cm in length, and comprises over 200 giant salivary cell bodies ranging from 150 microns to over 1000 microns in diameter, depending on the size of the animal. The salivary cells are neither electrically nor dye coupled, and there is no acinar structure or common duct, but instead each cell extends an individual ductule. The cells fire action potentials of 100-200 ms duration and 70-100 mV amplitude in response to depolarizing pulses, or at the cessation of a hyperpolarizing pulse. The impulse is abolished by procedures known to antagonize calcium currents, and persists in sodium-free solution, or when calcium is replaced with strontium or barium. Our results support the hypothesis of a purely calcium-dependent impulse. PMID- 6527089 TI - Functional roles and circuitry in an inhibitory pathway to feeding command neurones in Pleurobranchaea. AB - The paracerebral neurones (PCNs) of the brain of Pleurobranchaea californica serve a command role in the initiation of feeding behaviour (Gillette, Kovac & Davis, 1978). The PCNs are synaptically excited by food stimuli applied to the oral veil of hungry, naive animals. In food avoidance-conditioned animals, the PCNs are inhibited by a barrage of inhibitory postsynaptic potentials concomitant with the suppression of feeding (Davis & Gillette, 1978). In this paper, an interneuronal pathway is described which causes inhibition of the PCNs and potentially mediates the effects of learning. The inhibitory pathway consists of three serially connected interneurones. One population, designated the Interneurone 1s (Int-1s), monosynaptically inhibits the PCNs. A second population, the Interneurone 2s (Int-2s), excites the Int-1 population. They also excite other neurones of the brain including the metacerebral giant neurones. A third population, the Interneurone 3s (Int-3s), monosynaptically excites the Interneurone 2 population. Dual intracellular recordings and current injection show that ipsilateral members of the Int-2 population are electrically coupled via a nonrectifying connection. Contralateral members of the Int-2 population are excitatorily coupled via a polysynaptic pathway. The Int-1 population is phasically active during the rhythmic motor activity that underlies feeding. In the isolated nervous system Int-1 activity is phase-locked with rhythmic PCN activity; Int-1 activity occurs maximally at the end of a PCN burst, during the retraction phase of the cycle. Int-2 activity also occurs during the retraction phase. During actual feeding in the whole animal preparation, the Int-2s are also phasically active; maximal excitation occurs during buccal mass retraction and maximal inhibition during protraction and the bite. Stimulated activity in a single Int-2 can entirely suppress the rhythmic motor activity of the feeding network evoked by electrical stimulation of the stomatogastric nerve. The suppressant effects of Int-2 activity must be mediated widely within the feeding network because the rhythmic motor output so driven is not dependent on PCN spiking. Application of an appetitive chemosensory stimulus to whole and semi intact animal preparations initiated feeding and elicited excitation of the Int-1 and Int-2 populations. Noxious chemosensory stimuli, such as a dilute soap solution or ethanol, elicited oral veil withdrawal and inhibition of the Int-2s by multiple inhibitory postsynaptic potentials.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6527090 TI - The contribution of nasal countercurrent heat exchange to water balance in the northern elephant seal, Mirounga angustirostris. AB - Elephant seals fast completely from food and water for 1-3 months during terrestrial breeding. Temporal countercurrent heat exchange in the nasal passage reduces expired air temperature (Te) below body temperature (Tb). At a mean ambient temperature of 13.7 degrees C, Te is 20.9 degrees C. This results in the recovery of 71.5% of the water added to inspired air. The amount of cooling of the expired air (Tb - Te) and the percentage of water recovery varies inversely with ambient temperature. Total nasal surface area available for heat and water exchange, located in the highly convoluted nasal turbinates, is estimated to be 720 cm2 in weaned pups and 3140 cm2 in an adult male. Nasal temporal countercurrent heat exchange reduces total water loss sufficiently to allow maintenance of water balance using metabolic water production alone. PMID- 6527091 TI - Rat liver 3-oxo-5 alpha-steroid delta 4-dehydrogenase. Modulation of enzyme activity by changes in phosphorylation state. AB - 3-Oxo-5 alpha-steroid: NAD+ delta 4-oxidoreductase ("NADH-5 alpha-reductase", EC 1.3.1.?) is rapidly inactivated in the presence of 17 beta-hydroxy-4-androsten-3 one (testosterone). This activation is prevented by increasing the phosphate concentration. When the enzyme assay is carried out in Tris-HCl, only a small activity (1.7 nmol X min-1 X mg-1) is observed which may be further decreased by addition of phosphatases. Addition of the phosphatase inhibitor dextran sulphate or ATP, Mg++ and c-AMP results in a significant increase of activity (228% and 273%, respectively) compared with the Tris-HCl control. Glycerol 2-phosphate and glycerol 3-phosphate have a stabilizing effect on 3-oxo-5 alpha-steroid: NAD+ delta 4-oxidoreductase by decreasing the Km towards the substrate testosterone from 1.2 X 10(-5) mol/l to 3.3 X 10(-6) mol/l. V remains unchanged. Half maximal velocity (testosterone reduction) is achieved with 20 mumol/l glycerol 2 phosphate and glycerol 3-phosphate. Addition of c-AMP dependent protein kinase (EC 2.7.1.37) to a microsomal preparation pretreated with alkaline phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.1) results in a significant increase of 3-oxo-5 alpha-steroid: NAD+ delta 4-oxidoreductase activity compared with the control. PMID- 6527092 TI - Plasma aldosterone, cortisol and electrolyte concentrations in physical exercise after magnesium supplementation. AB - Plasma aldosterone, cortisol, sodium (Na), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg) as well as urine and sweat Na, K, Ca and Mg concentrations were measured in nine male healthy persons during an one hour ergometer exercise before and after a fourteen day magnesium aspartate (Mg) supplementation. The usual aldosterone and cortisol increase during exercise was not observed and cortisol concentration was significantly lower after Mg supplementation. Na and K in plasma increased during the exercise; these changes were not affected by Mg. The Mg concentration was elevated in plasma and erythrocytes after Mg supplementation. During the ergometer course plasma Mg was unchanged but decreased significantly in the red blood cells. Mg and K concentration in sweat decreased during the exercise. No influence of Mg on urinary electrolyte excretion was observed. PMID- 6527093 TI - [Effect of the composition of the diet on the excretion of 3-methylhistidine and creatinine in urine]. AB - 3-Methylhistidine in a defined amount of meat, consumed by 7 healthy persons is excreted quantitatively in the urine within 2 days. Simultaneously recorded creatinine excretion remained constant in 4 of the participants while in 3 cases a considerable increase was observed during the day of meat consumption. An increase in nitrogen excretion as a result of meat consumption was observed in 5 out of 7 persons. PMID- 6527094 TI - Problems in the development of radioimmunoassay of catecholamines. AB - This review describes experiments to produce antibodies towards the catecholamines and some catecholamine metabolites with the intention of developing radioimmunological methods. First, attempts to produce antibodies to the catecholamines themselves are described. In the course of synthesis of immunogens of catecholamines, it was necessary to exercise special care - e.g. the introduction of protecting groups - owing to the great susceptibility of the catechol structure to oxidation. Despite many efforts, only one working group (Miwa et al.) has reported in a series of papers the successful production of antibodies to catecholamines, but they did not develop a radioimmunoassay. In contrast, antibodies to some metabolites of the catecholamines - such as 3,4 dimethoxyphenylethylamine, the 3-O-methylated catecholamines (normetanephrine, metaneprine, and 3-methoxytyramine) as well as 3-methoxy-4 hydroxyphenylethyleneglycol - have been produced, whose avidity and specificity were high enough to permit the development of sensitive radioimmunoassays. PMID- 6527095 TI - Creatine kinase isoenzyme MB determination on the ACA: dependence on serum matrix and other effectors. AB - Creatine kinase isoenzyme MB catalytic activities in human serum, determined by ACA ion exchange chromatography and immunoinhibition, differ significantly, the correlation coefficient being 0.88. The reasons for this variation are interference of antibodies with the creatine kinase B subunit in the immunoinhibition assay, nonreproducible elution of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB from the ion exchange resin in the ACA pack, due to varying protein concentrations in the serum samples and increasing elution of creatine kinase isoenzyme MM from the ion exchange column caused by a preceding partial inactivation of creatine kinase isoenzyme MM. Pretreatment of serum samples with a solution containing magnesium sulphate, maleate and 2-oxoglutarate (solution A) prior to determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB catalytic activities on the ACA significantly improves the sensitivity and specificity of the method; the correlation coefficient for the values from the ACA and immunoinhibition then becomes 0.92. Dilution of serum samples with bovine serum albumin solution is now practicable. PMID- 6527096 TI - [Continuous measurement of the catalytic activity of adenosine deaminase using the pH stat method]. AB - The enzymatic deamination of adenosine to inosine produces ammonia, which causes a pH-increase of the reaction mixture. The pH-stat method is based on the continuous addition of protons to keep the pH at a constant value. The theoretical principles are discussed. The quantitative limits of the assay and the effect of changing the pH were investigated. A correction factor was derived and calculated for the pH range 6.4 to 8.5. This sensitive method allows the continuous recording of the adenosine deaminase activity in strongly coloured or turbid biological samples. PMID- 6527097 TI - Precipitation of LDL with sulphopolyanions: a comparison of two methods for LDL cholesterol determination. AB - Two commercially available tests for the determination of LDL cholesterol were compared. The determination principle lies in the precipitation of LDL using heparin (Merck, Darmstadt test) or using polycyclic surface activated anions (bioMerieux test), as well as ascertaining LDL cholesterol by subtracting cholesterol in the supernatant from total cholesterol (Merck, Darmstadt test) or the direct determination of cholesterol in the redissolved precipitate (bioMerieux test). Regression analysis of the LDL cholesterol values obtained by precipitation and the LDL cholesterol values obtained by the combination of ultracentrifugation and HDL cholesterol determination (cholesterol in the d greater than 1.006 kg/l ultracentrifugation fraction- HDL cholesterol) resulted in a good correlation (precipitation using polycyclic surface activated anions: r = 0.95, y = 1.01x - 0.14, n = 34; heparin precipitation: r = 0.94, y = 0.86x + 0.10, n = 28). In sera containing triglycerides ranging from 2.28 mmol/l to 10.9 mmol/l there was an adequate agreement between the values obtained by precipitation with polycyclic surface activated anions and those of the reference method (r = 0.94, y = 0.9x + 0.47, n = 51), whereas the data obtained by heparin precipitation clearly deviated from the data of the reference method (r = 0.69, y = 0.75x + 0.003, n = 32). PMID- 6527098 TI - [Recommendations of the German Society for Clinical Chemistry. Performance of clinico-chemical tests on pharmaceuticals (revised version 1984)]. AB - Since the results from animal experiments are of only limited value for the interpretation of the human response to pharmaceuticals, it is essential that clinical-chemical studies should be very carefully planned. The German Society for Clinical Chemistry has therefore summarized the body of collective experience in the testing of pharmaceuticals. The following recommendations should also ensure that accuracy and interpretative value of the results from different investigators are comparable. The recommendations also contain a programme for the investigation of body functions using clinical-chemical tests. Additional tests are necessary for the assessment of some pharmaceutical preparations. In certain cases a more restricted type of investigation may be sufficient depending on the stage of testing. PMID- 6527099 TI - International Federation of Clinical Chemistry, Scientific Committee, Analytical Section: IFCC/WHO principles and recommendations on evaluation of diagnostic reagent sets used in health laboratories with limited resources. Part 4. Evaluation of performance using reference materials of analytes commonly determined in blood serum or plasma. PMID- 6527100 TI - International Federation of Clinical Chemistry, Scientific Committee, Analytical Section: evaluation of performance of diagnostic reagent sets used in health laboratories with limited resources. Appendix A: Glucose. PMID- 6527101 TI - Workshop conference of the German Society for Clinical Chemistry: Immunological diagnostics. Hamburg, June 9-11, 1983. PMID- 6527102 TI - [Physical chemical aspects of immunologic and other reversible association reactions]. AB - The standard concepts, symbols, and formulae of reversible association reactions are comprehensively illustrated with the aid of the immune reaction, and presented in the context of their use in analysis (section 1). The enthalpy and entropy values of activation and reaction are interpreted in the light of the results of recent investigations (section 2). Common methods that can be performed in the ordinary clinical chemical laboratory are discussed for the determination of physical chemical constants, including those of complicated association reactions (section 3); Processing of experimental data was recently reviewed in this journal (E. Kuss, J. Clin. Chem. Clin. Biochem. 20, 227-234 (1982]. The use of physical chemical constants in analysis is illustrated with examples (section 4). PMID- 6527103 TI - Polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies as reagents in biochemical and in clinical chemical analysis. AB - Conventionally prepared polyclonal antibodies have been used for a long time in biomedical research and in clinical-chemical diagnosis. The hybridoma technology introduced by Kohler & Milstein [1975) Nature 256, 495-497), has opened the way to a new dimension in serology. It is now possible to prepare monoclonal antibodies to any determinant on any component of biological matter. Such monoclonal and thus specific antibodies can be obtained even against previously unknown antigens which had not been available in purified or enriched form. Thus the dreams of immunologists and clinical scientists who were searching for new disease-related markers, have become a reality. The present impact and the predictable future influence of these new developments on biomedical research and especially on clinical-chemical diagnosis, as well as their potential, limitations and problems, will be critically reviewed in this paper. As an example of the potential of the new technology, recent results of tests on the quantitation of urinary kidney-derived antigens with the help of monoclonal antibodies are presented. With these monoclonal antibodies, which are specific for antigens in defined regions of the nephron of the human kidney, recognition of the location and extent of primary damage at the cellular level will be possible without invasive techniques. PMID- 6527104 TI - An evaluation of immunological methods based on the requirements of the clinical chemist. AB - The practicability, operation time and cost of ligand binding assays are clearly more favourable than those of the possible and sometimes highly specific alternatives. At the same time, however, they have distinct weaknesses with respect to the criteria of analytical performance. For the routine determination of individual clinical chemical parameters, which are otherwise difficult to quantify, ligand binding assays (especially in those versions that do not use radioisotopes) are markedly superior to other methods. Chromatographic methods, however, offer greater advantages for the determination of profiles. PMID- 6527105 TI - Diagnostic sensitivity, diagnostic specificity and predictive value of the determination of tumour markers. AB - The meaningful use of tumour markers for cancer diagnosis depends on the nature of the diagnostic problem, on an adequate definition of positive and negative test results, and on the correct choice of the patient group. Potential diagnostic applications lie in screening studies, diagnosis in patients with symptoms, staging and prognosis, diagnosis of local recurrence and distant metastases, and the monitoring of radio- and chemotherapy. In quantitative tests, a positive or negative test result may be obtained by the establishment of reference ranges in control groups, or by longitudinal studies in single patients. Usually, the monitoring of therapy and the diagnosis of tumour progression are performed by following the concentration pattern of the marker. When tumour marker determinations are performed in conjunction with other diagnostic tests, the diagnostic sensitivity or specificity may be increased, depending on the particular test combination. The determination of tumour markers with limited diagnostic specificity should be performed in groups of patients with a high prevalence of the disease, e.g. in the postoperative follow-up of patients with a high risk of tumour recurrence. Tumour markers with high diagnostic specificity are also useful in differential diagnosis. PMID- 6527106 TI - Identification of fast moving seminal acid phosphatase (SAP) in a sexual assault case. PMID- 6527107 TI - Another nomogram for solving Widmark's equation for blood alcohol levels. PMID- 6527108 TI - The value of dental restorations in post-mortem identification. PMID- 6527109 TI - The stability of some drugs and poisons in putrefying human liver tissues. PMID- 6527110 TI - [Occupational ethmoido-nasal cancer in woodworkers]. PMID- 6527111 TI - [Zoonoses in the ORL region]. PMID- 6527112 TI - [Corrosive esophagitis in children (apropos of 56 cases)]. PMID- 6527113 TI - [Use of the YAG laser in ORL (apropos of 147 applications)]. PMID- 6527114 TI - [Median band of the neck and cervical tumefactions]. PMID- 6527115 TI - [Treatment of esophagotracheal fistulas]. PMID- 6527116 TI - [Malignant degeneration of remnants of the thyroglossal tract]. PMID- 6527117 TI - [Rehabilitation of dysphonia]. PMID- 6527118 TI - [Osteoradionecrosis of the mandible, apropos of 39 cases]. PMID- 6527119 TI - [Controlled hypotension with labetalol in lengthy otologic microsurgery (hemodynamic study)]. PMID- 6527120 TI - [Tuberculosis of the middle ear]. PMID- 6527121 TI - [Computerized transverse tomography in tumors of the parapharyngeal space]. PMID- 6527122 TI - Protein degradation in extracts of exponential and stationary phase Vibrio cells. AB - The degradation of the foreign protein [14C]methyl apohaemoglobin ([14C me]globin) was stimulated by ATP in cell-free extracts from exponential phase and shaken and standing stationary phase Vibrio cells. A marked stimulation by ATP of the degradation of [14C-me]globin was observed with exponential phase cell extracts which were preincubated for 30 min at 30 degrees C. Maximum stimulation was obtained with 3 mM-ATP and optimum degradation was at pH 8.0-8.5. Preincubation of extracts from both types of stationary phase cells did not affect the degree of ATP stimulation. The amount of ATP stimulation of [14C me]globin degradation by exponential phase extracts decreased markedly when the cells were starved in a growth limiting minimal medium before preparation of the cell extracts. In the exponential and both types of stationary phase extracts most of the activity was located in the cytoplasmic fractions. Although the periplasmic preparations contained a minor portion of the total activity, this activity showed a greater percentage stimulation by ATP. In the absence of ATP the specific proteolytic activities of the extracts from exponential and both types of stationary phase cells were similar. The proteolytic activities in all the cell extracts were inhibited to the same extent by phenylmethylsulphonyl fluoride, but the exponential and both types of stationary phase cell extracts were inhibited to different extents by EDTA and p-hydroxymercuribenzoate. The results suggest that the proteolytic systems responsible for the degradation of abnormal proteins are different in exponential and stationary phase Vibrio cells. PMID- 6527123 TI - Chemical studies of partially hydrolysed lipopolysaccharides from four strains of Campylobacter jejuni and two strains of Campylobacter coli. AB - Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) from four strains of Campylobacter jejuni and two strains of C. coli were partially hydrolysed with 1% acetic acid. Subsequent chloroform extraction led to the formation of a polysaccharide-containing aqueous layer, an interfacial material and a lipid A-containing chloroform layer. The polysaccharides contained the neutral sugars, amino sugars, 2-keto-3-deoxy octonic acid, and part of the phosphorus present in the undegraded LPS. The lipid As were made up of glucosamine, phosphorus, ester- and amide-linked 3 hydroxytetradecanoic acid, and ester-linked n-tetradecanoic and n-hexadecanoic acid. The interfacial material was made up of lipid A and undegraded LPS. When chromatographed on Bio-GEl P-60, the degraded polysaccharides were eluted as two incompletely separated peaks (strains NCTC 11168, NCTC 11351, 11041 and 11101) or as one peak (strains NCTC 11392 and E 8035). All peaks appeared close to the total volume of the column. When the different fractions were re-chromatographed on Bio-GEl P-10, the peaks still appeared close to the total volume of the column. These findings indicate that LPS from C. jejuni and C. coli are devoid of long O-antigenic side-chains. PMID- 6527124 TI - An electrophoretic analysis of superoxide dismutase in Campylobacter spp. AB - Superoxide dismutase (SOD, superoxide:superoxide reductase, EC 1.15.1.1) activity was studied in 23 strains of Campylobacter spp. using disc polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Different enzyme patterns were observed with extracts of different species of Campylobacter; three migration bands were found in all strains of C. sputorum subsp. sputorum and C. sputorum subsp. bubulus (relative mobilities, Rm, 0.57, 0.76 and 0.85), and C. fetus subsp. fetus (Rm 0.60, 0.72 and 0.81), while four migration bands (Rm 0.52, 0.57, 0.73 and 0.82) were found in C. fetus subsp. venerealis. One band (Rm 0.73) was found in C. coli CIP 7080 and two bands (Rm 0.59, 0.73) in C. jejuni CIP 702. Superoxide dismutase activities were very high in the Campylobacter strains, especially in C. fetus subsp. fetus [specific activity 7.8-55.7 U (mg protein)-1] compared with those in Escherichia coli (1.5 U mg-1), Propionibacterium acnes (1.6 U mg-1) and Veillonella alcalescens (0.2 U mg-1). PMID- 6527125 TI - Growth characteristics of the yeast phase of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis in a chemically defined medium. AB - The growth of four clinical strains of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis was investigated using the chemically defined medium of McVeigh and Morton. Emphasis was placed upon controlling conditions of inoculum preparation, age of inoculum used, and the homogeneity of samples used for analysis. The medium was evaluated for its ability to support growth of the yeast phase of P. brasiliensis at 37 degrees C. Cultures were followed for 240 h and growth patterns were determined by measuring optical density, dry weight, nucleic acids and protein. The medium is excellent for growing the yeast phase of P. brasiliensis. The exponential phase lasted an average of 135 h and the stationary phase 72 h; a decline began after 207 h. This defined medium supports abundant growth of the yeast phase of P. brasiliensis and may thus prove useful in the preparation of yeast-phase antigens. PMID- 6527126 TI - Transport of alpha-aminoisobutyrate into Trypanosoma brucei brucei. AB - The uptake of alpha-aminoisobutyrate (AIB) by washed cell suspensions of bloodstream forms of Trypanosoma brucei brucei has been shown to be an energy dependent process. No metabolism of AIB was detected under conditions leading to a 100-fold accumulation of AIB within the organism. Kinetic studies revealed that AIB uptake involved two components; that operating at low substrate concentrations had an apparent Km of 4.6 mM. Experiments with ionophores such as gramicidin and carbonylcyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone were consistent with the AIB uptake system operating as a H+-symporter responding to the electrochemical gradient of H+, the major component of which was the membrane potential. PMID- 6527127 TI - Growing hyphae of Achlya bisexualis generate a longitudinal pH gradient in the surrounding medium. AB - Growing hyphae of Achlya bisexualis were found to generate a longitudinal pH gradient in the surrounding medium; the medium adjacent to the tip was slightly more alkaline than the bulk phase, while that near distal parts was acidic. The profile of external pH paralleled that of electric current, as measured with a vibrating probe; the apical alkaline zone corresponded to the region of current inflow. In organisms grown in complete medium, both current flow and apical alkalinization were inhibited when amino acid uptake was blocked, either by removing amino acids from the medium or by raising the external pH to 8.5. Achlya could, however, adapt to a medium deficient in organic nutrients; elongating hyphae again generated both the pH profile and the transcellular electric current. It is proposed that both the pH profile and the electric current are manifestations of a transcellular proton current, which arises from the segregation of proton pumps from proton leaks. Symport of protons with amino acids may be one mechanism by which protons enter the hyphal apex. PMID- 6527128 TI - Plasmid involvement in production of and immunity to the staphylococcin-like peptide Pep 5. AB - The staphylococcin-like peptide Pep 5 is produced by the penicillin resistant strain Staphylococcus epidermidis 5. This strain is immune to the peptide. Plasmid analysis of S. epidermidis 5 by agarose gel electrophoresis and electron microscopy demonstrated five plasmids with molecular weights ranging from 5.8 X 10(6) to 29 X 10(6). Variants of S. epidermidis 5 not producing Pep 5 or which had become penicillin sensitive were induced by various curing treatments. Strains lacking the 13.9 X 10(6) mol. wt plasmid (pED502) had lost penicillin resistance, and those lacking the 12.3 X 10(6) mol. wt plasmid (pED503) failed to produce Pep 5. pED503 is also responsible for the immunity of the producer cell to Pep 5. Plasmid pED502 could be transformed into S. aureus RN 981 which then became resistant to penicillin. pED503 could not be transformed into S. aureus RN 981, but could be transformed into S. epidermidis 5 variants previously cured of this plasmid; the transformants then regained the properties of Pep 5 production and immunity. PMID- 6527129 TI - [Biopsy of chorionic villi by forceps under ultrasonic control: technic and results]. AB - We describe an original technique for villi sampling using a rigid forceps under ultrasound control. 120 chorion biopsies were performed, the success rate of sampling is 100%, the samples are pure without any maternal contamination in 90% of cases. The fetal loss rate needs further evaluation because the number of continuing pregnancies is still too small to allow enough accurate assessment. No miscarriage was observed among our last 70 patients. At the beginning of our experience we preferred to start our diagnoses only for high genetic risk diseases: haemoglobinopathies, hereditary metabolic diseases, lethal X-linked diseases. We insist on the efficiency and the quickness of this method and on the quality of the samples which makes the diagnosis safer. PMID- 6527130 TI - Pigmentary fluctuation and hormonal changes. AB - Skin colour was determined by reflectance spectrophotometry at 426, 550 and 685 nm wavelength. The data is interpreted by converting 426 and 685 nm into logarithmic and antilogarithmic values. The study indicates the existence of sexual diamorphism in colour. Further, the variability in pigmentation is also not similar in both sexes. PMID- 6527131 TI - [Prenatal diagnosis of a de novo trisomy case 9q-47,XX,+9 del(q33----qter)]. AB - A case of de novo trisomy 9q- (deletion q33----qter) in utero diagnosed is reported. Features of this syndrome are described, compared with those of trisomy 9p et total trisomy 9. The possibility of prenatal diagnosis and the similarity of some features with nail-patella syndrome are focused. PMID- 6527132 TI - [Reciprocal translocation at the origin of a Robertsonian translocation 15;22 by the loss of a metacentric chromosome. Genetic counseling]. AB - One of the children of a t(15;22) (q111;p11) woman has lost the minute metacentric der(15) without any clinical consequence, indicating the inocuity of the 15pter----q111 and 22pter----p11 monosomies. The segregation mechanism of this monosomy and, from this family, the relation between reciprocal translocations and Robertsonian translocations are discussed. Another subject with r(22) in the same family questions on an hypothetic common origin. PMID- 6527133 TI - [Trisomy 12(pter----q12) and monosomy 21(pter----q21). A propos of a case]. AB - The authors report an observation of a child with both trisomy 12(pter----q12) and monosomy 21(pter----q21). It is thus possible to detect the clinical signs which can be attributed to trisomy 12p and to monosomy 21ql respectively. The authors point out the originality of the maternal translocation which differs from the translocations affecting these two chromosomes previously described in the literature. Finally, the rarity of the type of adjacent-2 segregation is shown, and discussed according to the literature already published. PMID- 6527134 TI - Rote and gist memory in relation to type of information, sensory mode, and age. AB - This study compared groups aged 20 to 29, 60 to 69, and 70 to 79 years. In Part 1, the comparison was of recall of meaningful prose content items classified as either more amenable to gist recall or more amenable to rote recall. The youngest group demonstrated the best recall for both types of items. The recall itself was classified as gist or rote. The age groups were similar in gist but not rote recall. In Part 2, the age comparisons were in relation to prose paragraphs and word lists. The young group performed best with both types. Visual displays permitting review were better for recall than visual displays or auditory input permitting less or no review. Part 3 examined study time. Those in their 60s took less time than their other two age groups did; their recall performances were no worse than those in their 70s, but they recalled less than the younger subjects did. PMID- 6527135 TI - Stability of expressive and instrumental traits in an adolescent female population. AB - A sample of adolescent females were followed longitudinally from the sophomore to the senior year in high school. The personality traits of expressivity and instrumentality as measured by the Bem Sex Role Inventory were assessed yearly in order to determine trait stability. Both expressivity and instrumentality were very stable across grades. Correlation coefficients were statistically significant (p less than .001) for both traits across grades. Subjects were further categorized as androgynous, sextyped, undifferentiated, or cross-sextyped using a median split procedure. A transition matrix was constructed in order to tabulate shifts between categories across grades. Again, trait stability was reflected, approximately half (48%) of the response patterns never shifted categories during the high school years. PMID- 6527136 TI - Factors predicting pregnancy resolution decision satisfaction of unmarried adolescents. AB - Premaritally pregnant Caucasian and Mexican-American adolescents (N = 299) aged 13 to 19 years who received pregnancy counseling, pregnancy termination, or prenatal services at a county clinic were reinterviewed six months after delivery or abortion to assess postdecision satisfaction. More than 80% making each decision (i.e., abortion, single-motherhood, marriage) said they would make the same decision again. There were no significant effects of decision alternative, ethnicity/religion, or age on satisfaction. Among aborters, four factors- positive preprocedure abortion opinion, more liberal attitudes towards abortion for others, consistent contraceptive use following abortion, and their mothers' higher educational attainment--accounted for about 20% of the variance in satisfaction. Among single mothers positive preprocedure attitude towards single motherhood and lack of attempts to attend school in the six months after delivery were associated in bivariate analyses with decision satisfaction. Implications of these findings for adolescent pregnancy counseling are discussed. PMID- 6527137 TI - Dopaminergic properties of mesulergine (CU 32-085) and its metabolites. AB - Mesulergine, an 8-alpha-aminoergoline, is now proven to be of utility in the clinic as an antiparkinsonian drug. However, the molecule itself shows in vitro and in vivo antidopaminergic properties. Mesulergine is rapidly metabolized into several pharmacologically active DA agonists. The influence of mesulergine on central DA metabolism in rats is dependent on the route of drug administration. It was possible to determine the different metabolites of this drug in plasma as well as in rat striatum. A correlation between the actual present concentration of the parent drug and DAergic metabolites and the net action on striatal DA metabolism was found. It may be concluded that mesulergine itself lacks DAergic activity but occupies DA receptors and is very rapidly metabolized into potent DA agonists. PMID- 6527138 TI - Monoamine oxidase in young and adult rat brain capillaries. AB - Capillaries were isolated from young and adult rat brain and the mitochondrial type A and B monoamine oxidase activities in these endothelial cells were determined. Type A activity was observed to be predominant in both young and adult rats and was increased with maturation while type B activity remained unchanged. The predominance of type A MAO in the rat brain capillaries is consistent with that of the rat aorta and heart tissue. PMID- 6527139 TI - Determination of 2-phenylethylamine in rat brain after MAO inhibitors, and in human CSF and urine by capillary GC and chemical ionization MS. AB - A highly specific and sensitive method for the determination of beta phenylethylamine (PEA) in biological material is presented. It involves prepurification of the extracts on Sep-Pak C18 cartridges, derivatization with heptafluorobutyric acid anhydride, gas chromatography on 50 m capillary columns and quantification by chemical ionization mass spectrometry. Using this method, levels of PEA in the rat brain and the effects of various monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors thereon have been determined. PEA control levels were found to vary considerably: the lowest and highest values found were 0.4 and 12.5 ng/g tissue (n = 25). Within one and the same control group, the variation was somewhat smaller. The preferential or specific inhibitors of MAO A, amiflamine, cimoxatone, CGP 11305 A, moclobemide and toloxatone did not alter rat brain PEA even at high doses. In contrast, the preferential inhibitors of MAO B, deprenil, pargyline and MD 780236, as well as the nonselective agent tranylcypromine, caused strong (up to about 60-fold) increases. The threshold doses corresponded to those which caused about an 80% inhibition of MAO B as measured ex vivo. The method was also used to determine the concentration of PEA in human CSF (mean 17.3 +/- 3.3 ng/ml, range 3-45 ng/ml, n = 15) and urine (males: mean 35 +/- 5 micrograms/g creatinine, range 3.8 - 219 micrograms/g, 78 control days of a total of 12 subjects; females: mean 35 +/- 6 micrograms/g creat., range 2.7 - 266 micrograms/g, 55 control days of a total of 8 subjects). PMID- 6527140 TI - The sensitivity of hippocampal pyramidal neurons to serotonin in vitro: effect of prolonged treatment with clorgyline or clomipramine. AB - The sensitivity of hippocampal pyramidal neurons to the depressant action of serotonin was studied in hippocampal slices obtained from rats treated repetitively with clomipramine (10 mg/kg i.p.; 10 days or 4 weeks), with clorgyline 0.3 mg/kg s.c.; 10 days) or with the vehicle. Whereas clorgyline produced a very pronounced subsensitivity to serotonin, a moderate, non significant reduction in sensitivity was observed with clomipramine. These electrophysiological findings are consistent with previous biochemical studies. PMID- 6527141 TI - Postmortem increase of GABA levels in peripheral rat tissues: prevention by 3 mercapto-propionic acid. AB - The postmortem alteration of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) levels was examined in the rat brain, kidney, ovary and oviduct up to 30 minutes after decapitation. GABA concentrations progressively increased with time in each organ. At 30 minutes, the following elevations were found in percent: brain 65, kidney 75, ovary 38 and oviduct 32. Pretreatment with 3-mercapto-propionic acid (3-MPA, 1.2 mmol/kg i.v.), 2.5 minutes prior to killing, completely prevented the postmortem increase of GABA levels in the brain, the ovary and the oviduct, but only slightly reduced the elevation of renal GABA content. In ex vivo experiments, the same treatment reduced with about 50 percent the activity of L-glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) in the brain and the oviduct, but failed to influence the enzyme activity in the kidney. In vitro, 3-MPA was far more potent in inhibiting cerebral and tubal than renal GAD. The present findings provide evidence for the ability of the 3-MPA treatment used, to prevent the postmortem increase of not only cerebral, but also oviductal and ovarian GABA levels. This procedure, however, proved to be inadequate for fixation of GABA concentration in the kidney. PMID- 6527142 TI - Calcified brain abscesses. Case report. AB - A surgically treated case of multiple contiguous brain abscesses at different stages of calcification is reported. The patient, a man 48 years old, had been suffering from epilepsy for 34 years and he was complaining of headaches and fever for 15 days when admitted to our clinic. The post-operative neurological recovery was good. PMID- 6527143 TI - Bilateral temporal lobectomy for late radionecrosis after radiotherapy for acromegaly. A case report. AB - A patient with right temporal radionecrosis was submitted to temporal lobectomy for acute intracranial hypertension developed two years after radiotherapy for a GH-secreting pituitary adenoma. Eight months later, a partial left temporal lobectomy was performed because of further radionecrosis. In both instances the cerebral radionecrosis had the clinical and radiological characteristics of a space-occupying lesion. Bilateral temporal lobectomy was followed by a particular psycho-neurological syndrome with bilateral cortical deafness. PMID- 6527145 TI - Intraventricular hemorrhage: role of early ventricular drainage. AB - Intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) is usually the result of life-threatening intracranial bleedings eventually leading to death. Early ventricular drainage is suggested as a possible means of reducing fatalities. The retrospective analysis of 80 patients with CT diagnosed IVHs has indeed shown that early drainage prolongs significantly survival before death but does not influence mortality. Clinical and CT grading still remain fundamental prognostic indexes accounting for the irreversible hemorrhagic lesion. Thus ICP monitoring and ventricular drainage may be useful only in selected patients with alterations of consciousness of intermediate severity and sluggish evolution. PMID- 6527144 TI - Therapeutic strategy for central nervous system tumors: present status, criticism and potential. AB - Surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy and immunotherapy represent the combined therapeutic approach to malignant brain tumors. Surgery plays an important role in the treatment of malignant gliomas to ensure a correct diagnosis and to make room within the confines of the skull. Surgery must provide low mortality, low morbidity and at the same time, the most thorough removal possible of the tumor, while respecting the normal brain tissue surrounding the tumor. However, if treatment is limited to surgery alone, only modest results are obtained. The median survival is, in fact, 17 weeks. Radiotherapy for malignant gliomas has been used for 40 years now, but only recently has it been clearly demonstrated that doses lower than 50 Gy "whole brain" are insufficient, as is localized radiation therapy. The addition of radiotherapy (60 Gy whole brain) increases median survival to 37 weeks. The most promising approach to brain tumor therapy in the last decade is chemotherapy. Chemotherapy must take into account drug delivery problems related to the blood brain barrier, the pharmacodynamics of the brain and the cell kinetics of malignant glioma. Many chemotherapeutic substances have been employed in the treatment of brain tumors, but in particular, the nitrosoureas seem to provide the best results. Infact, the addition of BCNU to surgery and radiotherapy produces a median survival of 51 weeks. The immunotherapy of malignant gliomas has been attempted as active specific and non specific immunotherapy, adoptive and restorative immunotherapy but, until now, the results have been disappointing. The present situation and the potential of combined therapy in the treatment of brain tumors are discussed. PMID- 6527146 TI - Surgical treatment of vertebro-epidural neoplasms of the cervical tract via the anterior approach. AB - Fifteen cases of vertebral-epidural neoplasms of the cervical tract, treated surgically by the technique of longitudinal median somatotomy with inlay arthrodesis via the anterior approach are presented. Compression of the spinal anterior artery is eliminated by the wide anterior longitudinal exposition, which also creates a support for a possible second operation, either laminectomy or foraminotomy. PMID- 6527147 TI - Observations on some rare cases of vertebro-medullar malformations associated with tumors. AB - Three cases of complex vertebro-medullary malformations of the diastematomyelic type associated with dysembriogenetic tumors are presented. In the first case, a true diastematomyelia, associated with a teratoma of mixed histological structure, is described. In the second and third cases, diplomyelia associated with an epidermoid and a dermoid cyst respectively are reported. PMID- 6527148 TI - The significance of preoperative neurological disorders in predicting outcome of cervical spondylotic myelopathy after surgery. AB - The authors report the results of a large series of patients which underwent surgical treatment for cervical spondylotic myelopathy. In this retrospective study clinical findings before surgery are compared with results at the follow-up after two years; their significance as prognostic factors is investigated. Marked spasticity, prevalence of unilateral motor signs, presence of Brown-Sequard syndrome and of Lhermitte sign resulted valuable criteria in predicting outcome after surgery. PMID- 6527149 TI - Involvement of lumbosacral roots caused by lateral recess stenosis. AB - The possibility of lumbosacral root involvement caused by lateral recess stenosis is discussed. The anatomy of the lateral recess, its pathology and the correct surgical approach are considered. PMID- 6527150 TI - Supratentorial neuroepithelial cysts. Report of two cases. AB - The paper reports two cases of supratentorial neuroepithelial cysts, also called ependymal cysts. One of them was extracerebral and the other intracerebral. The preoperative diagnosis was made by determination of attenuation values of consecutive sections of cyst on computed tomography. The ultrastructure of the cyst wall was studied in one case. Other problems dealing with these rare lesions are discussed. PMID- 6527151 TI - Effect of 3-acetylpyridine on the content of myelin in the developing rat brain. AB - Suckling rats were given 3-acetylpyridine, an antagonistic agent of nicotinic acid, on the 6th day after birth. The quantity of myelin and cerebroside, total lipid synthesis, and activities of fatty acid synthetase and fatty acyl-CoA elongating enzyme were measured in rats which received 3-acetylpyridine. At both 20 days and 30 days of age, rats which had received 3-acetylpyridine showed lower values in body weight, myelin yield, cerebroside level and specific activity of brain 2',3'-cyclic nucleotide-3-phosphohydrolase, when compared with those of the controls. Biosynthetic activity of lipid in brain slices of rats which had received 3-acetylpyridine was about 50% less than that of the controls. Moreover, activities of the microsomal palmitoyl-CoA, stearoyl-CoA and arachidyl-CoA elongating systems in the brain of rats which had received 3-acetylpyridine were about 80%, 50% and 50% those of the controls, respectively. These findings imply that 3-acetylpyridine affects the synthesis of long chain fatty acid in the developing rat brain. Therefore, nicotinic acid may play an important role in myelination associated with the synthesis of cerebrosides which contain high levels of long chain fatty acids. PMID- 6527153 TI - Creatinine height index in a sample of Japanese adults under sedentary activities. AB - The value of creatinine height index (CHI), defined as milligrams of 24-h urinary excretion of creatinine divided by height in centimeters, was investigated on 21 healthy Japanese adults engaged in sedentary work. The average values were 10.58 in males and 6.68 in females. High partial correlation coefficients controlling sex were found among CHI, weight, fat-free mass, arm muscle area (AMA) and 24-h urinary excretion of creatinine. These indices had high loadings in the first factor of body size by principal component analysis. Regression of CHI on AMA differed in the intercept (i.e. the level of CHI at corresponding AMA) but not in the slope, from that studied under low-creatine diet in the U.S.A. Correcting AMA using arm bone area for Japanese and CHI with dietary factor, the relation between CHI and AMA in this study seemed to be in good agreement with that found in the U.S.A. PMID- 6527154 TI - Intestinal absorption of thiamin in man compared with folate and pyridoxal and its subsequent urinary excretion. AB - off intestinal absorption of thiamin was compared with that of folate and pyridoxal in six healthy volunteers using an oral dose of each vitamin equivalent to ten times the recommended daily allowance. Folate and pyridoxal were rapidly absorbed and following the oral dose, serum concentrations rose from a mean basal level of 10.9 micrograms/liter and 17.5 micrograms/liter to 174.8 micrograms/liter and 315.2 micrograms/liter respectively--an increases of 1,500% for folate and 1,701% for pyridoxal. The mean serum level of thiamin rose only marginally from 5.1 micrograms/liter to 7.2 micrograms/liter, an increase of 42%. One hour following the oral test dose of thiamin, the vitamin was actively excreted in the urine of all volunteers, with a mean creatinine/thiamin renal clearance ratio of 2.4. Active excretion continued for up to six hours. In contrast, folate was only actively cleared for a short period in two volunteers. Thiamin absorption appeared to be controlled and limited, and modest increases in the serum concentration were accompanied by active renal clearance. PMID- 6527152 TI - Dietary effects on liver and muscle glycogen repletion in exhaustively exercised rats: energy composition and type of complex carbohydrates. AB - Previous reports have indicated that administration of a glucose-citrate (G-C) drink after a bout of exhaustive exercise results in more effective glycogen repletion in liver and skeletal muscle in rats as compared with administration of glucose alone. The present studies report the effects of the energy pattern and the type of carbohydrates, dextrin or starch from rice, in diet given following the G-C drink after exercise, on further glycogen repletion in the tissues of rats. Rats were adapted to meal-feeding 3 times a day and trained with light swimming for 7 to 10 days. On the final day of experiments, rats received the G-C drink after 2 h of exhaustive swimming and were then fed on diets with different energy patterns or carbohydrate types. Results showed that a high-carbohydrate diet is more effective than a high-fat diet for further glycogen repletion in liver and skeletal muscle. In addition, dextrin was revealed to be superior to starch as a carbohydrate source in tissue glycogen repletion. As compared with the high-fat diet, the high-carbohydrate diet, however, resulted in a lower serum free fatty acid concentration 4 h after ingestion of food possibly by decreasing adipose tissue lipolysis. PMID- 6527155 TI - Functional evaluation of total knee replacement. AB - The assessment of patients following prosthetic knee replacement suffers from a lack of objective criteria. An automated method of laboratory assessment that permits the objective evaluation of knee joint function is described. Nine biomechanical parameters were statistically selected, weighted, and combined to develop a Performance Index (Ip). One hundred ninety-two patients (274 diseased knees) were studied prior to total knee replacement surgery, with 107 patients (138 knees) returning for a 1-year postoperative study. Preoperative rheumatoid knees were found to have significantly poorer function than those involved with degenerative disease. Overall, the patients experienced a marked improvement 1 year post-total knee replacement (TKR), with their functional scores approaching the lower limits of normal. Prostheses were assessed according to generic classes as well as specific design types. The newer generation devices were found to produce better functional results. In the patients receiving Anametric and Total Condylar total knee devices, a patellar resurfacing component was found to produce improved knee function in comparison with patients receiving the same prosthesis but without patellar resurfacing. PMID- 6527156 TI - Bone density in women: a modified procedure for measurement of distal radial density. AB - This is a cross-sectional study of bone densitometry in greater than 700 normal healthy white women ranging in age from 18 to 98 years. A modified procedure for single-photon bone density analysis of the distal radius is described and compared with dual-photon densitometric measurements of the second through fourth lumbar vertebrae. The distal radial site measured was separated from the ulna by 5 mm. This "5 mm" site was characterized according to trabecular and cortical bone content, measurement reproducibility, positioning precision, and the effects of wrist pronation or supination. The radial site demonstrated a bone density loss of less than 0.1%/year for normal women 25-50 years of age, increasing to 0.7%/year after 50 years of age. In contrast to the variability and inconsistency obtained by us and others utilizing the standard "9/10" site, bone loss with age at the new "5 mm" site correlated closely with generalized bone mineral loss of the axial skeleton. We suggest that there is a unique role for single-beam densitometric measurements of the radius, permitting the rapid and relatively inexpensive evaluation of large populations of women without requiring a visit to a medical center. Such a process can select those requiring further evaluation or medical attention. PMID- 6527157 TI - Bone density in osteopenic women: a modified distal radius density measurement procedure to develop an "at risk" value for use in screening women. AB - This study measured radial and lumbar spine bone density in postmenopausal white female patients with nontraumatic fractures and their age-matched controls. Bone density measurements were made with a single-beam densitometer. Distal radial bone density measurements were made at the site at which the radius and ulna are separated by 5 mm, which is approximately 5 mm from the distal radioulnar joint. Lumbar spine density was obtained using a dual-beam densitometer. Density at the commonly used "2/3" site near the midradius was also measured. Forty-six crush fracture osteoporotic patients, 35 hip fracture patients, and 20 osteopenic patients referred to the clinic for back pain or excessive bone loss but with no history of nontraumatic fracture were studied. Bone density values at all sites in the patient populations were statistically reduced from control values (p less than 0.01). At a mean age of 62 years, density of the midradius was 12% below the control value. However, both vertebral and distal radial densities ("5 mm" site) were 25% below control values. The spine/distal radius ratio remained constant. It was demonstrated that bone density at the modified distal radial site could be used to predict vertebral density in osteopenic patients. An "at risk" value useful in screening procedures was determined as that distal radius density value greater than or equal to 95% of all values from fracture patients--325 mg/cm2. It is concluded that distal radial density at the new "5 mm" site can be used in conjunction with midradius density as a preliminary test for both generalized and trabecular bone mass loss in women. PMID- 6527158 TI - Intervertebral disc degeneration in adult mice with hereditary kyphoscoliosis. AB - Breeding experiments confirmed that a hereditary form of kyphoscoliosis in the BDL strain mouse was due to an autosomal recessive gene (ky). Sagittal sections of whole vertebral columns from adult homozygous recessive mice (ky/ky) were examined histologically. All mice showed varying degrees of degenerative change in one or more intervertebral discs between the fifth cervical and the second thoracic vertebrae. The changes comprised loss of cells, loss of distinction between nucleus pulposus and annulus fibrosus, loss of characteristic ring-like structure in the annulus, and development of wedge-shaped discs. In most animals, degenerative disc substance protruded from the disc space, usually posteriorly, sometimes anteriorly, and occasionally through the vertebral end plate cartilage. Posterior protrusions impinged on the spinal cord. PMID- 6527160 TI - Pathogenesis of chronic inflammation in experimental ferritin-induced arthritis. V. Electron microscopic localization of specific antibodies in the synovial membrane. AB - Antibody synthesis by the arthritic synovium of rabbits with antigen-induced arthritis has been demonstrated, but knowledge of the details of the specific localization of antibody in the membrane is limited. Specific antibody in the synovium of ferritin-induced arthritis was detected by electron microscopic observation of bound ferritin. The specific antibodies were localized in the cisternae of the endoplasmic reticulum and perinuclear spaces within plasma cells. In the extracellular matrix, specific antibody was found distributed as a network within collagen bundles and in the basement membrane of the subsynovial small blood vessels. PMID- 6527159 TI - Abnormality of cartilage collagen in a patient with unclassified chondrodystrophy. AB - We have described a previously unrecognized chondrodystrophy characterized by short-limbed dwarfism, blue sclera, severe cardiopulmonary problems, and failure of postnatal growth. The first of two siblings thus affected died at age 6 months following attempted correction of an atrial septal defect. Growth plate cartilage from multiple sites obtained at autopsy showed a marked abnormality of architecture on the light microscopic level. Biochemical studies demonstrated an absence of normal alpha 1(II) collagen in costochondral junction growth plate cartilage and an appearance of the major collagen in a band which comigrates on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with 3 alpha collagen. Cartilage extracted from structural rib appeared to be normal. PMID- 6527161 TI - Biomechanics of bipolar hip endoprostheses. AB - The bipolar endoprosthesis was designed to alleviate problems encountered with conventional hip endoprostheses. Recent designs have advocated the use of offset centers of rotation between the inner and outer joint-bearing surfaces to generate a valgus-producing moment on loading (antivarus head dynamics). This study was undertaken to justify this biomechanical feature by performing (a) cyclic loading of the bipolar head in the varus position, (b) analysis of motion between the inner and outer bearing surfaces, and (c) evaluation of antivarus head dynamic function. Four endoprosthetic designs were studied: the Bateman UPF, Osteonics UHR, Giliberty II, and Bi-Centric. Significant plastic deformation occurred in the UPF and UHR prostheses when loaded in an extreme varus position. Theoretically, motion is most likely to occur at the inner bearing if the frictional coefficients are equal at both surfaces. The UHR prosthesis with eccentric offset of bearing centers can provide the antivarus effect in laboratory conditions. Whether the antivarus effect and/or the dominant inner bearing motion will occur in vivo awaits careful clinical study. PMID- 6527162 TI - Stress analysis of a partially slotted intramedullary nail. AB - A finite element analysis of the Arbeitsgemeinschaft fur Osteosynthesefragen/Association for the Study of Internal Fixation (AO/ASIF) intramedullary femoral nail was performed to study the failure of the nail from circumferential cracking near the slot tip. These failures are evidently the result of a stress-concentrating effect owing to the partially slotted nail design. Several finite element models were created of the proximal one-fourth of the nail. One model of the nail incorporated the cloverleaf profile as it is presently manufactured, and one had a circular cross section. An additional three models were created with alternative slot-tip geometries: a narrowed slot, a tapered slot, and a widened slot. Antero-posterior (AP) and medio-lateral (ML) bending loads and torsion loads were applied in two fundamentally different loading modes: (1) loads that were applied on both sides of the slot tip (spanned); and (2) loads that were self-equilibrating distal to the slot tip (non spanned). For the load cases studied, for all models, the stresses predicted from the finite element models were locally highest at the junction between the open and closed cross sections. Alternative slot-tip shapes had a marked effect on the predicted stresses, in one case reducing maximum stress by 40%. However, no alternative slot tip shape was uniformly superior for all load cases. Therefore, until the in vivo loading modes are known more precisely, an alternative slot-tip shape cannot be proposed. PMID- 6527163 TI - Fatigue performance of external fixator pins. AB - The fatigue performance of several types of commonly used external fixator pins was examined. The pins were tested under a cyclic bending mode. A strength reduction factor (SRF) was defined to quantify the effect of stress concentration caused by the pin threads as compared with the smooth portion of the pin. The half pins tested had much higher SRF values than the corresponding full pins because of the smaller root diameter of the threaded regions. The use of finer threads and a cold rolling process appeared to increase the pin fatigue strength. In some pins, the depth markers on the smooth portion and the self-tapping fluted region were sites of significant stress concentration. When certain half pins are severely loaded under clinical conditions, they may fracture because of fatigue. PMID- 6527164 TI - Effects of low-modulus coatings on pin-bone contact stresses in external fixation. AB - The intent of this study was to investigate the stress distribution in cortical bone around fracture fixation pins and around pins coated with various polymeric and elastomeric materials. Since these interface stresses cannot be measured directly, a photoelastic technique was employed and stresses were measured in two dimensional bone models fabricated from sheets of epoxy resin. Our results showed that when a fixation pin was loaded in compression, the compressive stress measured in the model was greatest at the pin-model interface. The magnitude of the compressive stress was found to diminish steeply away from the hole in a log decrement distribution which was asymptotic to the value of the average stress in the model. When polymeric and elastomeric materials were applied as pin coatings and the performance of the coated pins was compared to that of uncoated pins of the same overall diameter, a reduction of the maximum stress in the bone model was demonstrated. Among the coatings tested, we found that of the polymeric materials ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) was most effective at reducing the peak cortical stress magnitude. The most effective coating material overall was found to be silicon elastomer. Computation of stress values in models loaded through stainless-steel pins and through pins coated with 1-mm silicon elastomer showed that the presence of the elastomer layer caused a reduction of about 50% in the maximum compressive stress in the model. PMID- 6527165 TI - Radiation sterilization and the wear rate of polyethylene. AB - The resistance to sliding wear was measured in bovine serum for two polyethylenes with molecular weights of about 10(5) and 10(6) that had been irradiated in air and nitrogen with gamma-ray dosages up to 20 Mrad. Molecular weight measurements were performed after irradiation as well. Wear generally increased with dosage and contact stress, becoming measurable in many cases only after a critical dose (or stress) was exceeded. The most significant effect noted was that the irradiation changed the pressure dependence of the wear rate. Thus, whether or not a sterilizing (or resterilizing) dose will measurably increase the wear depends on the contact stress and, therefore, on the specific application. The increase in wear rate appeared to be due to a combination of scission and oxidation, suggesting the practical advisability of radiation sterilization under an inert atmosphere, as confirmed by comparative measurements at the higher dosages. PMID- 6527166 TI - Effect of antigen-induced synovitis on the extensor tendons within the retinacular compartment of the dog. AB - Antigen-induced proliferative synovitis was produced within the extensor retinacular compartment of one forepaw of young littermate dogs. The extensor tendons within the synovitis compartment were compared with the tendons in control compartments of the opposite forepaw. At 7 days following challenge, the tendons from the proliferative synovitis compartment showed increased uptake of [3H]proline at 5 min after pulse labeling. At 7, 14, and 28 days following challenge, the tendons within the proliferative synovitis compartment showed a significant increase in metabolic activity compared with control tendons after radioactive labeling for 6 h, with no associated difference in total collagen content of the control and synovitis tendons. These results indicate an increase in protein synthesis and degradation by the synovitis-surrounded tendons. PMID- 6527167 TI - In vivo strain patterns in the four major canine knee ligaments. AB - Using mercury gauges, we measured strains in vivo in the four major ligaments of the canine knee joint as the tibia was loaded in valgus or varus at fixed angles of knee flexion. Free axial rotation of the tibia on the femur was allowed. Forces up to 78.4 N were applied to the tibia, producing moments of approximately 9 N-m. We found that with valgus loading, significant strains were observed in the medial collateral ligament at extension. At 45 degrees of flexion, the medial collateral, posterior cruciate, and anterior cruciate were strained. At 90 degrees of flexion, all four ligaments were strained. With varus loading, significant strains were found in the lateral collateral and anterior cruciate at extension. The lateral collateral and anterior cruciate ligaments were strained at 45 degrees of flexion. At 90 degrees of flexion, the lateral collateral, anterior cruciate, and posterior cruciate ligaments were strained. With valgus loading, the tibia rotated internally and the degree of axial rotation increased with flexion. External rotation of the tibia resulted from varus loading, and was relatively constant through the range of flexion. Thus when axial rotation is allowed, stability of the knee in response to valgus and varus loads is maintained by the cruciates as well as the collaterals, and the role of the cruciates increases with flexion and axial rotation. PMID- 6527168 TI - Characterization of arthroplasty tissue after 14 years post-cup arthroplasty: a morphological and biochemical assessment. AB - The cup arthroplasty has been reported to cause the formation of a fibrocartilaginous joint surface, which may result in a painless, functional joint. The joint surface of a 38-year-old man with a failed cup arthroplasty implanted for 14 years was examined histologically and biochemically. The joint surface tissue of this patient resembled fibrous connective tissue, with major types of collagen being Type I and Type III. No evidence of cartilaginous transformation in the healing scar was demonstrated, despite several years of successful functioning of the cup arthroplasty. PMID- 6527169 TI - [Incidence of local recurrence and regional lymph node metastasis of cancer of the tongue in relation to the location of the tumor]. PMID- 6527170 TI - [Incidence of cancer of the head and neck followed by irradiation for head and neck benign diseases. Analysis of possible cases of radiation induced cancer]. PMID- 6527172 TI - [Ciliary activity of nasal allergy mucous membrane]. PMID- 6527171 TI - [The pectoralis major myocutaneous flap for tongue reconstruction and its functional evaluation following surgery]. PMID- 6527173 TI - [Statistical study in foreign bodies in our clinic for the past 51 years]. PMID- 6527174 TI - [Studies for diagnostic method for ossicular lesions]. PMID- 6527175 TI - [Clinical examination of taste]. PMID- 6527176 TI - [Tonsillectomy in rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 6527178 TI - The non-specificity of the generalized amoebocytic reaction in Lymnaea truncatula infected by Fasciola hepatica. PMID- 6527177 TI - Comparative development of Brugia malayi in susceptible and refractory genotypes of Aedes aegypti. PMID- 6527179 TI - Echinococcus oligarthrus cysts of rabbits in Venezuela. PMID- 6527180 TI - A pH-stat method for studying glycolysis in Trypanosoma brucei. PMID- 6527181 TI - Plasmodium pedioecetii in greater prairie-chickens, Tympanuchus cupido (Linne), from Colorado. PMID- 6527182 TI - Intra-testicular inoculation of Brugia pahangi infective larvae into inbred GN hamsters. PMID- 6527184 TI - Serum factors affecting choline uptake and incorporation in Schistosoma mansoni adults. AB - Uptake and incorporation of choline into adult Schistosoma mansoni was examined in the presence of serum from known permissive and non-permissive hosts. Uptake of choline was not significantly different for paired, male or female worms in any one treatment. The presence of serum from uninfected rat, hamster and human sources and from infected rat and hamster sources did not significantly affect choline uptake. Heat-inactivation of these sera before addition to the culture medium also had no effect on choline uptake. The incorporation of choline into phosphatidylcholine appeared similar in all of the sera until 30-min incubation at which point some significant differences could be demonstrated. Increased incorporation could be shown with the addition of serum from uninfected rat, hamster and human sources. Heat-inactivation of these sera abrogated this effect. The stimulation of choline incorporation into phosphatidylcholine is discussed in relation to the heat labile components of serum. Host permissiveness to infection did not alter choline uptake or incorporation into phosphatidylcholine. PMID- 6527183 TI - Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and indirect haemagglutination techniques for measurement of antibody responses to Eimeria tenella in experimentally infected chickens. AB - An indirect haemagglutination test (IHA) and ELISA technique were developed to detect antibodies against Eimeria tenella. The ELISA technique was relatively easy to perform, more sensitive than the IHA test, and needed only a fraction of the antigen required for IHA. The highest titers using ELISA were 1:16,384 compared to the IHA titers of 1:64 for the same sera. The ELISA titers depended upon the age of the birds when they were infected, the number of oocysts inoculated and the number of inoculations. Immunodeficient birds (cyclophosphamide-treated), when inoculated with several doses of oocysts of E. tenella (350, 3,000, 30,000) showed no IHA or ELISA antibody titers. The immuno competent chickens of the same age, which received identical doses of oocysts responded with readily detectable antibody levels. Chickens inoculated with E. maxima or E. necatrix had sera titers of 1:50 or 1:400, respectively, when reacted with E. tenella antigen. The E. tenella inoculated birds had titers as high as 1:3,200 with the same antigen. PMID- 6527185 TI - Scanning electron microscopic observations of the oocyst, sporoblast and sporozoite of Plasmodium yoelii yoelii. AB - Scanning electron microscopy was used to study the surface characteristics of the oocyst, sporoblast and sporozoite of Plasmodium yoelii yoelii. Observations were made of the sporogonic stages of 6-12 day infections of the malaria parasite in Anopheles stephensi. Oocyst and sporoblast development were not synchronous. The surface of the undifferentiated (early stage) oocyst appeared smooth, whereas that of differentiated (late stage) oocysts were rough or wrinkled. The wall of the differentiated oocysts showed numerous micropores at higher magnification (x15,000-20,000) the biological significance of which is not known. Small, bud like satellite bodies were seen attached to some oocysts. Various forms of different stages of the sporoblast were described. Sporozoite budding took place on the surface of the sporoblast body. The sporozoite was elongate, curved and with a blunt anterior end. PMID- 6527186 TI - Nodular abomasitis in impala (Aepyceros melampus) caused by the nematode Longistrongylus sabie. AB - The periodic occurrence of nodular abomasitis associated with the trichostrongylid nematode Longistrongylus sabie was observed in impala lambs of the Kruger National Park, Republic of South Africa. The condition was seen predominantly in animals less than 1 yr of age. Peak incidences occurred in the spring and fall, when more than 50% of the lambs studied had from several to numerous nodules in their abomasal mucosae. The nodular lesions in the lambs were macroscopically larger than, but microscopically similar to, those observed in domestic ruminants with ostertagiosis; however, L. sabie worm burdens were much lower than those in clinical cases of ostertagiosis, and no evidence of diarrhea could be found in any of the lambs studied. The physical condition of lambs with moderate to severe nodular abomasitis did not differ noticeably from that of lambs with mild involvement or those without lesions. Nodular abomasitis caused by this parasite was of minimal significance to impala herds in the Park under the circumstances prevailing at the time of the study. PMID- 6527187 TI - Toxicity of ricin, diphtheria toxin and alpha-Amanitin for Acanthamoeba castellanii (1983). AB - Selective cytotoxic agents, highly specific antibody coupled to potent toxin molecules, could, theoretically, be useful in the treatment of protozoan infections. To examine this possibility we began to synthesize immunotoxins for a model protozoan system, Acanthamoeba castellanii. We report here the selection of a suitable toxic moiety for this system. alpha-Amanitin was toxic for the amoeba, effecting a 50% decrease in in vivo protein synthesis at approximately 20 microM. However, the chemical modification of alpha-amanitin necessary for its covalent attachment to antibody molecules reduced A. castellanii toxicity to the extent that alpha-amanitin is unsuitable as a toxic moiety in the synthesis of A. castellanii immunotoxins. Ricin and diphtheria toxin were non-toxic for the amoeba. In addition, A. castellanii cell-free protein biosynthesis, unlike that of any other eukaryotic system examined to date, was resistant to inhibition by ricin A chain. However, diphtheria toxin A chain inhibited A. castellanii cell free protein synthesis by 50% at 2.5 nM. The inhibition of diphtheria toxin was NAD+ dependent, suggesting that ADP-ribosylation of EF-2 could be the cause of the inhibition as it is in mammalian cell lines. The toxicity of diphtheria toxin A chain is sufficient for its use in the synthesis of immunotoxins for A. castellanii. PMID- 6527188 TI - Rain splash dispersal of third-stage larvae of Cooperia spp. (Trichostrongylidae). AB - Laboratory investigations were designed to study the distribution of splash droplets caused by splashes of water on the surface of a cow pat. Laboratory and field experiments were designed to evaluate the possibility of water splash dispersal of third-stage Cooperia spp. larvae from cow pats to the surroundings. One incident drop of water 5 mm in diameter falling 2.2 m on a cow pat produced approximately 1,000 splash droplets. In still air, more than 90% of the splash droplets were found within 60 cm from the point of impact, and only a few travelled beyond 90 cm. After a latent period, incident drops of water 5 mm in diameter falling 2.2 m on a cow pat of 500 g, containing 450 third-stage larvae of Cooperia spp. per g feces, resulted in splash dispersal of larvae to a maximum distance of 63 cm from the point of impact; the majority of larvae were found within 21 cm. A field experiment confirmed that lateral splash dispersal of third stage Cooperia spp. larvae during a shower can be very effective. On one occasion there was a splash dispersal of 4,851 third-stage Cooperia spp. larvae in 45 minutes to an area from 1 to 15 cm around the periphery of a cow pat of 500 g containing 120 third-stage larvae per g of feces. This corresponds to a dispersal of 8% of total. PMID- 6527189 TI - The effect of the intestinal phase of Trichinella spiralis on the open-field behavior of mice. AB - The study assessed the impact of the adult phase of Trichinella spiralis on the open-field behavior of mice. Thiabendazole treatment was used to chemosterilize adult worms in vivo. Untreated mice exhibited a marked decline in their ambulatory and exploratory activities (from day 14 post-infection until the end of the experiment). In contrast, infected mice treated with thiabendazole did not exhibit any behavioral alterations. This suggested that the adult phase of T. spiralis did not contribute to behavioral pathology in the mouse host. PMID- 6527190 TI - Developmental physiology of cestodes: characterization of putative crowding factors in Hymenolepis diminuta. AB - It was shown previously that worm-conditioned saline (WCS) prepared from crowded 10-day-old H. diminuta inhibited the incorporation of 3H-thymidine into DNA in the anterior regions of uncrowded worms and that the inhibition was partially accounted for by succinate and acetate excreted by the worms. The present study describes further characterization of the active components of WCS. An ultrafiltrate was fully as potent as untreated WCS, indicating that all detectable inhibitory components were less than about 500 daltons in molecular mass. Inhibitory factors in WCS were stable to heat (80 C for 30 min), cold (4 C for 48 hr), drying and reconstitution, alkaline pH (11 to 12 for 3 hr), and ethanolic extraction. Active compounds were probably not lipoidal in nature. Although the acidic ethanol extract of WCS was inhibitory, no activity was observed in fractions of WCS that contained basic, acidic and neutral amino acids. Amino compounds in the WCS were further investigated. Twenty-four amino acids were identified, 3 of which (phosphoserine, 1-methylhistidine, and 3 methylhistidine) have not been reported previously for H. diminuta. On a molar basis, alanine accounted for 40-50% of the amino acids released. The amino sugar, D-glucosaminic acid, was found in the WCS and also has not been heretofore reported from H. diminuta or any other cestode. In concentrations comparable to those in the WCS, D-glucosaminic acid inhibited incorporation of 3H-thymidine into the DNA of the tapeworms by 25-35%, suggesting that D-glucosaminic acid may be one of the crowding factors. PMID- 6527191 TI - In vitro isolation of Plasmodium chabaudi merozoites by continuous flow ultrasound, cell sieving, concanavalin A-affinity chromatography and poly-L lysine coated bead support columns. AB - Techniques of merozoite isolation based on continuous flow ultrasound, cell sieving, Concanavalin A-affinity chromatography and cationically charged bead support columns were compared using the rodent malaria parasite, Plasmodium chabaudi. While each technique proved useful in isolating merozoites in reasonable numbers, the use of Con A-Sepharose 4B columns consistently provided the greatest numbers which were free of host cell contaminating membrane material and which were invasive to cells both in vivo and in vitro. In addition, Con A Sepharose columns could be regenerated using alpha methyl-D mannoside. These results, when considered in light of merozoite isolation procedures used for other malarial species, indicated that the host-parasite model system had a bearing on which merozoite isolation technique was most likely to be successful. PMID- 6527193 TI - Long term duration of the rapid rejection response in rats infected with Trichinella spiralis. PMID- 6527192 TI - A microfilaria of exceptional size from the ixodid tick, Ixodes dammini, from Shelter Island, New York. AB - Thirty or more microfilariae 0.70-1.32 mm in length were recovered from the hemocele of an unengorged adult tick, Ixodes dammini, that was collected from vegetation on Shelter Island, New York. Among approximately 500 I. dammini collected from the same area only 1 other was similarly infected. Outstanding features, in addition to size, were absence of a cephalic space and the presence of nuclei in 2 or 3 irregular rows extending to the end of a bluntly rounded tail. The microfilariae apparently were ingested in a blood meal that was taken when the ticks were larvae or nymphs, and had persisted alive without development. PMID- 6527195 TI - Trans portal, secondary hepatic alveolar echinococcosis of rats. PMID- 6527194 TI - Ecdysteroid-like substances in Nippostrongylus brasiliensis. PMID- 6527196 TI - Effects of bovine heme on development of Haemonchus contortus in vitro. PMID- 6527197 TI - A simple and reliable method for cloning Naegleria fowleri. PMID- 6527198 TI - The site of ecdysis of the L1 larva of Trichinella spiralis. PMID- 6527199 TI - The prevalence and seasonal distribution of coccidial parasites of woodchucks (Marmota monax). PMID- 6527200 TI - Video microscopy of swimming and secreting cercariae of Schistosoma mansoni. PMID- 6527201 TI - A special case of Trypanosoma congolense infection produced in laboratory mice. PMID- 6527202 TI - Unique aspects of steam sterilization validation of disposable syringe components. PMID- 6527203 TI - Solubilization by cosolvents II: Phenytoin in binary and ternary solvents. PMID- 6527204 TI - Plasma-induced instability of reverse-phase evaporation vesicles. PMID- 6527205 TI - Optimization of a chromogenic Limulus amebocyte lysate (LAL) assay for automated endotoxin detection. PMID- 6527206 TI - An introduction to phenol formaldehyde resin vulcanizing agents. PMID- 6527207 TI - Purification and characterization of a fish lectin from the external mucus of ophidiidae, Genypterus blacodes. AB - A lectin was isolated from the external mucus of fish, Genypterus blacodes. This is the first lectin isolated from fish. The molecular weight of the lectin, determined by gel filtration, was approximately 32 000, whereas 8 000 was indicated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of 2-mercaptoethanol. Amino acid analysis demonstrated that the lectin contained large amounts (near 30% of the residues) of lysine, but no tryptophan. The lectin agglutinated mouse, rabbit and human erythrocytes at a concentration of 15.6 micrograms/ml. An inhibition test revealed that the lectin was strongly inhibited by N-acetyl-glucosamine, mucin and orosomucoid. Binding studies performed with iodinated asialo-orosomucoid indicated that the lectin contained a high affinity binding site with a dissociation constant of 1.1 X 10(-8) M. The lectin required the presence of calcium ion for both its hemagglutination and binding activity. PMID- 6527208 TI - Bioavailability of griseofulvin plain tablets in stomach-emptying controlled rabbits and the correlation with bioavailability in humans. AB - Bioavailability after giving oral doses of 62.5 mg griseofulvin tablets having different dissolution rates to stomach-emptying controlled rabbits, was estimated and compared with that in humans receiving 125 mg dose of the same griseofulvin preparations. The relative differences in Cmax and AUC infinity between the product with the highest availability and others tended to be greater in rabbits than in humans. The in vivo parameters correlated well between the two species. However, power analysis indicated a larger variability of Cmax in rabbits than in other species (dogs, minipigs and humans). Water volume (5 and 50 ml) coadministered with the drug did not significantly influence the bioavailability. The rabbits which were not given food after oral dosing with griseofulvin exhibited a lower Cmax than those which were fed immediately after dosing. The bioavailability of an ultramicronized formulation in rabbits was higher after the postprandial dose than after the preprandial dose. Food intake just after the drug administration seems to be an important factor for controlling the passage rate of the drug through the gastrointestinal tract in stomach-emptying controlled rabbits. PMID- 6527209 TI - Enhancing effect of absorption promoters on percutaneous absorption of a model dye (6-carboxyfluorescein) as poorly absorbable drugs. I. Comparison of plasma levels after addition of various absorption promoters in rat. AB - We have investigated the promotive effect of various agents on percutaneous absorption of 6-carboxyfluorescein (CF), a water-soluble fluorescent dye, as poorly absorbable drugs. The absorption of CF was determined by measuring rat plasma CF levels. As an absorption promoter, several reagents such as surface active agents, protein solubilizers and permeation promoters were used. The used concentration of the reagents was determined so as not to make a trauma on the skin. As results, plasma CF levels following the co-administration of 0.05 w/v% sodium dodecyl sulfate and 0.1 v/v% 2-mercaptoethanol showed the highest values. Plasma CF level was increased 40 times as compared to that of control experiment and was increased 9 times as compared to that of pretreatment with 4 w/v% calcium thioglycolate which was reported previously as a strong absorption promoter for theophylline by us. When the stratum corneum, having a barrier function for percutaneous absorption of many compounds, was removed mechanically, plasma CF levels of control experiment and pretreatment with 4 w/v% calcium thioglycolate were increased remarkably. However, plasma CF level after the co-administration of 0.05 w/v% sodium dodecyl sulfate and 0.1 v/v% 2-mercaptoethanol did not show a considerable difference as compared to that of the case with the presence of the stratum corneum. PMID- 6527211 TI - Similar effects of various low-molecular-weight enzyme inhibitors on enzyme networks in dystrophic mice. AB - We compared the therapeutic effects of various low-molecular-weight enzyme inhibitors on dystrophic mice. Leupeptin, bestatin, forphenicinol and forphenicine significantly affected the enzymatic activities in the dystrophic muscles. The pattern of enzymatic changes in the muscles of forelimb and hindlimb caused by these inhibitors were similar in spite of the variety of their inhibitory spectra in vitro. However, comparing the pattern of enzymatic changes in spleen, forphenicinol differed from the other inhibitors tested. This may be related to the peculiar effects of this inhibitor on immunologically responsive cells. PMID- 6527213 TI - Biohydroxylation of aminopyrine: quantitative studies of 3-hydroxymethyl metabolite in rats. AB - Significance of the formation of 4-dimethylamino-3-hydroxymethyl-2-methyl-1 phenyl-3-pyrazolin-5-on e (AM-3-CH2OH) for the metabolism of AM was examined quantitatively in rats. Although urinary excretion of AM-3-CH2OH accounted for only 0.7% to the dose, incubation of AM in the isolated hepatocyte system resulted in the formation of 9% of AM-3-CH2OH. Furthermore, metabolic disappearance of AM-3-CH2OH in the same system was fast, indicating the properties of an intermediate metabolite. These results suggested that the metabolic pathways via AM-3-CH2OH are very important in the metabolism of AM. PMID- 6527212 TI - An induction effect of phenobarbital on rat liver microsomal 4-hydroxylation of estradiol 17-sulfate. AB - Induction effect of phenobarbital (80 mg/kg, daily for 4 d), 3-methylcholanthrene (40 mg/kg, daily for 4 d), and isosafrole (150 mg/kg, daily for 4 d), on 2- and 4 hydroxylations of estradiol 17-sulfate by rat liver microsomes with an NADPH generating system was investigated. On catechol formation from estradiol 17 sulfate, only phenobarbital caused some increase of the 2-hydroxylase activity in both sexes. While 4-hydroxylase activity was caused effectively by phenobarbital and isosafrole in both sexes, especially, the induction by the former in male rats was over six-fold increase to the control. PMID- 6527210 TI - Development and evaluation of a new peroral test agent GA-test for assessment of gastric acidity. AB - A new peroral test capsule, GA-Test, containing riboflavin (5 mg) granules coated with polyvinylacetal diethylaminoacetate (AEA) for assessing gastric acidity without intubation was developed and evaluated for usefulness. GA-Test is based on the tracing in the urine of riboflavin, which is released in the stomach only in the presence of acidic fluid and is absorbed. Due to the film coating, riboflavin released very quickly at a pH of less than 5, and not at all at a pH of greater than 6. GA-Test gave a significant correlation, quantitatively, with peroral Gastrotest in assessing acidity, a non-intubation method which had been marketed in Japan prior to 1980. GA-Test results allowed division of the subjects into two groups i.e., subjects having low (hypo- or anacidity) gastric acidity and those having high (normal or hyperacidity) gastric acidity, GA-Test results agreed well with results of intubation (around 91.4%; 32 out of 35 cases) and were easily reproduced during the evaluation. PMID- 6527214 TI - Empirical validation of affect, behavior, and cognition as distinct components of attitude. AB - A prevalent model of attitude structure specifies three components: affect, behavior, and cognition. The validity of this tripartite model was evaluated. Five conditions needed for properly testing the three-component distinction were identified. Two new studies were then designed to validate the tripartite model. A consideration of the tripartite model's theoretical basis indicated that the most important validating conditions are (a) the use of nonverbal, in addition to verbal, measures of affect and behavior, and (b) the physical presence of the attitude object. Study 1, in which subjects' attitudes toward snakes were examined, indicated very strong support for this tripartite model: The model was statistically acceptable, its relative fit was very good, and the intercomponent correlations were moderate (.38 less than r less than .71). Study 2 was a verbal report analogue of Study 1. Results from Study 2 indicated that higher intercomponent correlations occurred when attitude measures derived solely from verbal reports and when the attitude object was not physically present. PMID- 6527215 TI - Considering the opposite: a corrective strategy for social judgment. AB - It is proposed that several biases in social judgment result from a failure- first noted by Francis Bacon--to consider possibilities at odds with beliefs and perceptions of the moment. Individuals who are induced to consider the opposite, therefore, should display less bias in social judgment. In two separate but conceptually parallel experiments, this reasoning was applied to two domains- biased assimilation of new evidence on social issues and biased hypothesis testing of personality impressions. Subjects were induced to consider the opposite in two ways: through explicit instructions to do so and through stimulus materials that made opposite possibilities more salient. In both experiments the induction of a consider-the-opposite strategy had greater corrective effect than more demand-laden alternative instructions to be as fair and unbiased as possible. The results are viewed as consistent with previous research on perseverance, hindsight, and logical problem solving, and are thought to suggest an effective method of retraining social judgment. PMID- 6527216 TI - Influence of gender constancy and social power on sex-linked modeling. AB - Competing predictions derived from cognitive-developmental theory and social learning theory concerning sex-linked modeling were tested. In cognitive developmental theory, gender constancy is considered a necessary prerequisite for the emulation of same-sex models, whereas according to social learning theory, sex-role development is promoted through a vast system of social influences with modeling serving as a major conveyor of sex role information. In accord with social learning theory, even children at a lower level of gender conception emulated same-sex models in preference to opposite-sex ones. Level of gender constancy was associated with higher emulation of both male and female models rather than operating as a selective determinant of modeling. This finding corroborates modeling as a basic mechanism in the sex-typing process. In a second experiment we explored the limits of same-sex modeling by pitting social power against the force of collective modeling of different patterns of behavior by male and female models. Social power over activities and rewarding resources produced cross-sex modeling in boys, but not in girls. This unexpected pattern of cross-sex modeling is explained by the differential sex-typing pressures that exist for boys and girls and socialization experiences that heighten the attractiveness of social power for boys. PMID- 6527217 TI - Longitudinal consistency of adult personality: self-reported psychological characteristics across 45 years. AB - The longitudinal consistency of personality characteristics over a period of 45 years is examined. The data are drawn from the Kelly Longitudinal Study, a panel involving an original group of 300 men and 300 women. Measures of emotional disturbance (from the Bell and Bernreuter inventories) during the 1930s and the 1950s had significant correlations in the .25-.40 range with measures of psychiatric symptoms (from the Cornell Medical Index) taken in 1979-1981. Revised inventory scales with content related to neuroticism and social introversion extraversion had moderate longitudinal consistency across several decades of adult life and demonstrated convergent and discriminant validity. This study demonstrates the utility of personality measurements in predicting significant psychological outcomes over the full interval of the normal adult lifespan. PMID- 6527218 TI - Assessing the validity of the achievement motive in the presence of random measurement error. AB - The presence of random measurement error in indicators of theoretical constructs biases observed estimates of relations among those constructs. Correcting for this bias is particularly important when random measurement error is substantial, or is substantially different for indicators of distinct constructs included in a theoretical model. Validity assessment in the case of thematic apperceptive measures of the achievement motive (TAT n Achievement) has been vulnerable to interpretive errors because these indicators of the achievement motive are typically much less reliable than indicators of other constructs to which the motive may be related, and no correction has been made for the bias introduced by such differential measurement error. Here we illustrate a causal modeling approach to validity assessment for TAT n Achievement that incorporates explicit true-score measurement models of theoretical constructs. We confirm the hypothesis that the achievement motive construct is positively related to work satisfaction in a representative sample of adult males in the United States, taken in 1976 (N = 413). Evidence for the discriminant validity of story content versus story length, an issue raised in the literature on the TAT, is also presented in this nomological network. PMID- 6527219 TI - A consciousness-sampling analysis of test anxiety and performance. AB - In order to evaluate cognitive-interference, reassertion, and reaction-to performance models of test anxiety, 82 students completed the Test Anxiety Scale, provided state measures of anxiety just before and after a course examination, described their preparation for the test, and reported thought content and state anxiety up to six times during the test. Test Anxiety Scale scores were predictive of pre- and posttest state anxiety but not performance or problem solving thought frequency during the test. Thought content was significantly but weakly correlated with performance, which was well correlated with posttest state anxiety but not with pretest anxiety. Pretest state anxiety was virtually uncorrelated with posttest state anxiety, with the correlations gradually declining during the test. Question-answering thought content correlated inversely with anxiety during the test. There was no group for whom anxiety appeared to facilitate performance. Preparation correlated only with performance. The pattern of results appears inconsistent with a cognitive-interference interpretation of test anxiety and suggests that in the naturalistic setting used, anxiety is more clearly an effect than a cause of poor performance. PMID- 6527220 TI - Overworked and underpaid: on the nature of gender differences in personal entitlement. AB - This research investigated gender differences in feelings of personal entitlement with respect to monetary payment for work performed. Two experiments were conducted to test the hypothesis that women's internal standards of fair pay for their work are lower than men's and to examine possible causes of this difference. In Experiment 1, men and women were asked to pay themselves in a private situation what they thought was fair pay for a fixed amount of work. Social comparison information was varied. As predicted, women paid themselves less money than men in the absence, but not the presence, of social comparison information. In Experiment 2, men and women were asked to do as much work as they thought was fair for a fixed, prepaid, amount of money. Subjects believed that their work was either monitored or unmonitored. Women worked significantly longer, did more work, and did more correct work than men in both public and private work settings. Furthermore, women, but not men, worked longer when they believed their work was monitored than when they believed it was unmonitored. Possible explanations for these gender differences are discussed. PMID- 6527221 TI - Induction of depressed mood: a test of opponent-process theory. AB - Solomon's (1980) opponent-process theory of acquired motivation has been used to explain many phenomena in which affective or hedonic contrasts appear to exist, but has not been applied to the induction of depressed mood. The purpose of this study, therefore, was to determine whether opponent-process theory can be applied to this area. Velten's (1968) mood-induction procedure was used and subjects were assigned either to a depression-induction condition or to one of two control groups. Self-report measures of depressed mood were taken before, during, and at several points after the mood induction. Results were not totally consistent with a rigorous set of criteria for supporting an opponent-process interpretation. This suggests that the opponent-process model may not be applicable to induced depressed mood. Possible weaknesses in the experimental design, along with implications for opponent-process theory, are discussed. PMID- 6527222 TI - [Sappanchalcone from Caesalpinia sappan L., the proposed biosynthetic precursor of brazilin]. PMID- 6527223 TI - [Studies on the aromatic constituents of crude drugs. I. On the aromatic constituents of ginseng radix]. PMID- 6527224 TI - [Effects on hot water extracts of several kanpo-prescriptions on macrophage procoagulant activity. I]. PMID- 6527225 TI - [Changes in electrical conductivity of various drugs in an aqueous frozen phase. I. The measurement of eutectic temperature and collapse temperature at amorphous freezing]. PMID- 6527226 TI - [Crystal growth of cephalothin sodium in frozen solution. I. Determination of crystallinity in frozen solution]. PMID- 6527227 TI - [Changes in electrical conductivity of various drugs in aqueous frozen phase. II. The frozen state of aqueous solution of cephalothin sodium]. PMID- 6527228 TI - [Internal structure of oil-in-water emulsions stabilized with a cetostearyl alcohol]. PMID- 6527229 TI - [Studies on soft-shelled turtles. I. Effects of various fractionated extracts from Trionyx sinensis Wiegmann on the isolated mesenteric veins of mice]. PMID- 6527230 TI - Correlations between in vitro dissolution rate and bioavailability of alaproclate tablets. AB - In two different absorption studies, quantitative correlations between the in vitro dissolution rate and the bioavailability have been shown after single administration of various tablet compositions of alaproclate hydrochloride to healthy subjects. Both statistical moment analysis and the use of empirical single value parameters were tested. For conventional tablets a linear relationship was obtained between mean dissolution time in vitro and in vivo. A similar relationship was obtained between the mean dissolution time in vitro and the mean residence time for controlled release tablets of the matrix type. It was also possible to establish an in vitro--in vivo correlation for these latter tablets by using the single point estimate of maximum plasma concentration as in vivo parameter. When comparing the mean dissolution time in vitro to the total area under the plasma drug concentration-time curve attained after different types of tablets, it is obvious that the extent of bioavailability of alaproclate will not fall below 80% of the value found for an aqueous solution until the mean dissolution time in vitro exceeds approximately 3 hr. Statistical moment analysis seems to have a broader applicability than the use of empirical point estimates, and it seems to be useful both for conventionally dissolving tablets and controlled release tablets. PMID- 6527231 TI - Pharmacokinetics of ibuprofen in man IV: absorption and disposition. AB - Fifteen normal male volunteers received 400, 800, and 1200 mg doses of ibuprofen as 1, 2, or 3 tablets, respectively, in crossover fashion, then 420 mg in solution form during the fourth week. Plasma concentration of ibuprofen was measured by an HPLC method. Individual subject concentration-time (C,t) data following the solution were analyzed by two different methods, and results unequivocally indicated the open two compartment model with first order absorption. However, the computer fitting of both arithmetic and geometric mean concentrations led to a different model. A method was developed to obtain absorption data (fraction of drug absorbed, Fa, versus time) for a multicompartmental system from oral data alone, without intravenous data. The method assumes that Vp is constant intrasubject and that absorption is complete following administration of both the solution and tablets. The method was successfully applied to the ibuprofen tablet data. It was shown also that such a method is necessary to obtain ibuprofen absorption data since intrasubject variation of the microscopic rate constants k12, k21, and kel (as reflected by the intrasubject variation of the hybrid rate parameters lambda 1 and lambda 2 or beta and alpha) is of the same order of magnitude as intersubject variation. Absorption of ibuprofen from tablets was shown not to be simple first order as for the solution. The absorption profiles following one tablet were S-shaped, while those following 2 or 3 tablets had partial linear segments indicating zero order absorption. PMID- 6527232 TI - Nonlinear formation of propranolol metabolites in dogs after portacaval transpositions. AB - The formation of four major metabolites of propranolol by the liver was examined at steady state in three dogs that had undergone surgical portacaval transposition, following which injection of drug into the hindlimb delivers the total dose to the liver. Propranolol was infused directly into the liver via a hindlimb vein at dose rates ranging from 1.01 to 6.3 mg/min. In all dogs the formation of 4-hydroxypropranolol, alpha-naphthoxylactic acid, and propranolol glycol was saturable. Vmax and Km values were determined at steady state by relating the rate of excretion of each metabolite into bile and urine to the blood concentration of propranolol. The formation of propranolol glucuronide was a first order process. The use of a dog with a portacaval transposition has permitted development of a method to estimate, in vivo, the kinetic properties of enzymes responsible for hepatic first-pass metabolism of drugs. PMID- 6527233 TI - Theoretical considerations in the calculation of bioavailability of drugs exhibiting Michaelis-Menten elimination kinetics. AB - Two approaches used for bioavailability determination of drugs with Michaelis Menten elimination kinetics were examined by computer simulation. The first method involved treating the drug as though its clearance remained constant during elimination, and the conventional method of taking the ratio of areas under the curve resulting from the oral and intravenous doses was used to calculate bioavailability. The second approach involved using the Michaelis parameters, Vmax and Km, to determine concentration dependent clearance values, but based these calculations on peripheral drug concentrations rather than on concentrations entering or in the liver. We have developed a simulation method that was used to test the accuracy of the above two methods. In the simulations described, Vmax, Km, and hepatic blood flow were chosen to represent a drug with an extraction ratio of 0.9 under linear conditions, but with Michaelis-Menten kinetics occurring at the doses given. Absorption was assumed to be first-order, and metabolism was assumed to occur only in the liver. These simulations showed that the most accurate determination of bioavailability requires knowledge of the direct contribution of oral absorption to the concentration of drug entering the liver. Unexpectedly, the results also showed that if a drug has a large volume of distribution or a large absorption rate constant, or both, use of the much simpler conventional method of bioavailability determination may be appropriate even in cases where the degree of saturation is substantial. PMID- 6527234 TI - Evaluation of equilibrium dialysis volume shifts: a comment. AB - Previous authors have presented in this journal an equation defining the fractional shift in volume (fs) as a general equation implying applicability to a wide variety of circumstances. The equation concerned actually applies only when the starting volumes before dialysis are equal. A better general definition is given by fs = (volume shift)/(starting volume of protein solution). PMID- 6527235 TI - General treatment of pH-solubility profiles of weak acids and bases and the effects of different acids on the solubility of a weak base. AB - The pH-solubility profile of a weak acid or base is shown to be a function of its pKsp, pKa, and uncharged species solubility. Equations are presented that can be used to calculate the solubility as a function of pH. These equations can also be used when there is added salt present. Experimental data was obtained in three cosolvent systems consisting of methanol-water and ethanol-water. Also, the effect of different acids on the solubility of a weak base is reported. A pronounced effect on the solubility by the addition of salt is explained in terms of the Ksp. PMID- 6527236 TI - Kinetic study of the hydrolysis of 1-(4-nitrophenyl)-3-methyltriazene in aqueous solution and in the presence of surfactants. AB - The hydrolysis of 1-(4-nitrophenyl)-3-methyltriazene in aqueous solution has been studied over a pH range of 3-14. The effect of the anionic and cationic surfactants (sodium lauryl sulfate and hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide) on the rate of hydrolysis was investigated. The quaternary ammonium bromide causes a rate decrease at all pH values studied, while sodium lauryl sulfate enhances the acid-catalyzed hydrolysis and decreases the observed rate constants in the pH independent region. The results are discussed in terms of the current theory of micellar effects. PMID- 6527238 TI - Determination of benzalkonium chloride by gas chromatography. AB - A new, simple, and useful approach for the analysis of benzalkonium chloride is presented. A gas chromatography (GC) has been used to pyrolyze benzalkonium chloride in a specific and reproducible manner to yield two tertiary amines for each homologue of benzalkonium chloride present. These are separated by GC and are used to determine the homologue composition of the benzalkonium chloride. These determinations can be made with an analysis time of 25 min/sample. PMID- 6527237 TI - Time-dependent elimination of cinoxacin in rats. AB - The effect of the variation of urinary pH on the pharmacokinetics of the acidic antibacterial agent, cinoxacin (pKa 4.60), was examined. Urinary pH of 24-h fasted rats remained at about pH 6 during the daytime, while that of nonfasted rats was high (about pH 7.5) in the morning and gradually decreased to a pH similar to that of the fasted rat in the afternoon. The free fraction of cinoxacin in fasted rat sera in the morning was similar to that in nonfasted rats despite the longer half-life of cinoxacin in fasted rats. In the afternoon the free fraction was slightly different despite similar cinoxacin elimination in fasted and nonfasted rats. These findings seemed to exclude the contribution of protein binding from the causes of increased cinoxacin elimination in nonfasted rats in the morning. Elimination rate constants of cinoxacin obtained with a one compartment open model correlated well with urinary pH 30 min after injection, suggesting that the urinary pH plays a more important role in cinoxacin elimination. When cinoxacin was orally administered to fasted rats at 11:00, the area under the plasma concentration-time curve was threefold larger than in nonfasted rats. As found with the intravenous administration, this difference may be explained by the prolonged half-life caused by decreased urinary pH after fasting. This study revealed the time-dependent elimination of cinoxacin in nonfasted rats, which is related to physiological change of urinary pH caused by food intake. PMID- 6527239 TI - Determination of partition coefficients of glucocorticosteroids by high performance liquid chromatography. AB - Two high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) techniques have been used for the determination of the lipophilicity of 50 glucocorticosteroids. For a log P range of 1 to 3, we used a persilylated octadecylsilane phase saturated with 1 octanol, which was eluted with 1-octanol saturated phosphate buffer (pH = 7). For log P values greater than or equal to 3.00, the same phase was used without 1 octanol saturation and was eluted with different methanol-buffer mixtures. These two procedures allowed the determination of log P values ranging from 1.00 to greater than 5.00. Good agreement was found between these procedures and others described in the literature. The effect of different structural changes in the glucocorticosteroid molecule on the lipophilicity is discussed. PMID- 6527240 TI - Stability-indicating assay for phenylbutazone: high-performance liquid chromatographic determination of hydrazobenzene and azobenzene in degraded aqueous phenylbutazone solutions. AB - A high-performance liquid chromatographic method was developed for the simultaneous determination of azobenzene, hydrazobenzene, and four other decomposition products in phenylbutazone injectable formulations. Separation was achieved on a C18 column, with 0.1 M Tris-citrate buffer (pH 5.25) and acetonitrile (52:48), at a flow rate of 2 mL/min and a detection wavelength of 237 nm. Diphenylamine was used as an internal standard. The limit of quantitation is 0.5% (with respect to phenylbutazone) of each degraded product. The detectability is 2.4 X 10(-3) micrograms for azobenzene and 1.5 X 10(-3) micrograms for hydrazobenzene. The limit of quantitation may be lowered to 0.1% (with respect to phenylbutazone) for azobenzene and hydrazobenzene in the presence of the two major decomposition products, which have been determined in commercially available injectable formulations. A higher sensitivity was obtained for azobenzene using the mobile phase 0.1 M Tris-citrate buffer (pH = 5.25) and acetonitrile (40:60) with detection at 314 nm. Under these conditions, 0.025% (with respect to phenylbutazone) of azobenzene is quantitated. PMID- 6527241 TI - Controlled long-term release of small peptide hormones using a new microporous polypropylene polymer: its application for vasopressin in the Brattleboro rat and potential perinatal use. AB - Based on drug release by microporous hollow fibers and the recent introduction of microporous polymers, a new technique was developed for controlled delivery of peptides. Small-diameter microporous polypropylene tubing, lumen-loaded with microgram quantities of vasopressin, and coated with collodion, releases vasopressin after in vitro immersion slowly (1-100 ng/d) and constantly for months. The mechanism of pseudo-zero-order delivery is based on high adsorption of vasopressin, keeping the void volume concentration of dissolved vasopressin constant, which is consequently a constant driving force of outward diffusion. The collodion coating prevents the entry of proteinaceous compounds which would result in rapid desorption of vasopressin. The present delivery module provides a lasting release for other peptides as well (lysine-vasopressin, oxytocin, alpha melanocyte-stimulating hormone and, to a lesser extent, Met-enkephalin). The microporous polymer-collodion device is biocompatible and, loaded with vasopressin, successfully alleviates the diabetes insipidus of Brattleboro rats deficient for vasopressin. Subcutaneous implantation normalized diuresis for a period of 60 d and constant urine vasopressin excretion is observed. When the commercially available osmotic minipump is too large for implantation, the small size of the present controlled-delivery system allows peptide treatment of young and immature laboratory rats, even if located in utero. PMID- 6527242 TI - Sustained-release characteristics of a new implantable formulation of disulfiram. AB - The object of this study was to evaluate the sustained-release characteristics of a new formulation of disulfiram. Solid rods (500 mg) made of a composite of 80% poly(glycolic-co-L-lactic acid) and 20% 14C-labeled disulfiram were implanted subcutaneously in five Wistar CD-1 rats; a control group received 100 mg of 14C labeled disulfiram subcutaneously. Excretion of radiolabeled material in the urine and feces was monitored for 88 d. Sustained mobilization of drug was observed in the copolymer-disulfiram implant group, reaching a peak value 30 d after implantation. The control group exhibited first-order kinetics of drug mobilization. At necropsy, there was no encapsulation of the residual rods. The copolymer-disulfiram composite performed as a true sustained-release system, and improved formulations may have clinical applications in the treatment of alcoholic humans. PMID- 6527244 TI - Quantum chemical approach to the relationship between molecular structure and serotonin receptor binding affinity. AB - We have analyzed the dependence of the serotonin receptor binding affinity on the atomic net charges, superdelocalizabilities, mass, and moment of inertia in a group of indole derivatives. The approaches employed are a new nonempirical quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) method and multiple regression analyses. The results suggest that the indole derivatives interact with the receptor through a charge transfer between the phenyl ring and a counterpart in the receptor, plus some localized electrostatic interactions. Also, the fit of the equation obtained suggests that the indole derivatives have the aromatic ring placed in the same relative position during the interaction with the receptor. PMID- 6527243 TI - Characterization of drug-loaded poly(d,l-lactide) microspheres. AB - Lomustine and progesterone have been incorporated in biodegradable poly(d,l lactide) microspheres by evaporating dichloromethane from stirred dichloromethane in-water emulsions. Spherical microspheres with lomustine or progesterone payloads less than or equal to 23% were obtained. Higher lomustine payloads gave irregularly shaped particles. Microspheres with less than or equal to 68% progesterone were obtained, but free drug crystals formed on the surface of such microspheres. Increased agitation rates decreased mean microsphere size. Addition of drug to the dichloromethane phase increased average particle size relative to that obtained with drug-free microspheres prepared under the same experimental conditions. Complete evaporation of the dichloromethane, while the medium was continuously stirred, promoted formation of free drug crystals in the aqueous phase. Increased emulsifier concentrations did not significantly enhance drug incorporation efficiency within the microspheres. Shelf-life stability of lomustine and progesterone was reduced by incorporation in the microspheres, presumably due to their molecular dispersion in the poly(d,l-lactide). PMID- 6527245 TI - Urinary metabolites of the antiprotozoal agent cis-3a,4,5,6,7,7a- hexahydro-3-(1 methyl-5-nitro-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-1,2-benzisoxazole in the rat. AB - 1H-NMR and MS were employed to identify 13 rat urinary metabolites of 14C-labeled cis-3a,4,5,6,7,7a- hexahydro-3-(1-methyl-5-nitro-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-1,2 benzisoxazole (MK-0436). The major free (unconjugated) metabolite was cis 3a,4,5,6,7, 7a-hexahydro-3-carboxamido-1,2-benzisoxazole; it was also the second most abundant metabolite released during hydrolysis of the conjugated fraction. All other identified metabolites were hydroxylated analogues substituted at C(4) C(7a) of the cyclohexane ring. the 4-equatorial,5-axial,7a-triol was the second most abundant metabolite excreted in an unconjugated form. Four monohydroxy (5 axial, 6-axial, 6-equatorial, 7-equatorial) metabolites of the drug were identified; they were found in the conjugated fraction only and were released by hydrolysis. The 5-axial hydroxy compound is the major conjugated metabolite and is overall the most abundant of all the metabolites. Six dihydroxy metabolites were identified: one was found exclusively in the free state, three as conjugates only (including the 7-axial,7a-diol, which is the major dihydroxy species), and two both free and conjugated. A second triol was found both free and conjugated. PMID- 6527246 TI - Acyloxyamines as prodrugs of anti-inflammatory carboxylic acids for improved delivery through skin. AB - An N,N-dialkylhydroxylamine derivative of indomethacin has been synthesized. It has been shown to improve the delivery of indomethacin through mouse skin (compared to indomethacin itself) by a factor of two, to be more effective than indomethacin in inhibiting thermal inflammation (two to three times) in animal models, but to be only as effective as indomethacin in inhibiting UV-B radiation erythema in human volunteers. PMID- 6527247 TI - Microstructure of aluminum hydroxides and the formation of aluminum dye lakes. AB - The effect of processing variables on the type of aluminum hydroxide and the dye content of the resultant lakes were investigated. The solid-state structure of aluminum lakes in conjunction with the associated aluminum hydroxide was studied by electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and IR spectroscopy. The conditions under which the aluminum hydroxide was prepared were shown to govern the amorphous/crystalline character of the product, which was reflected in changes in particle size and surface area. A hypothesis for the interaction of the dye and aluminum hydroxide is formulated in which the amount of dye adsorbed on the aluminum hydroxide is dependent on the surface area of the microstructures present. PMID- 6527248 TI - Determination of trimipramine and metabolites in plasma by liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. AB - A procedure for the determination of trimipramine, the demethyl, 2-hydroxy, and 2 hydroxy demethyl metabolites in plasma by liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection is described. A 1-mL plasma sample is made alkaline with a carbonate buffer (pH 9.8) and extracted with 20% ethyl acetate in n heptane. After back-extraction into an acid phosphate buffer, an aliquot is injected onto a reverse-phase trimethylsilyl-packed column and eluted with a phosphate buffer-acetonitrile mobile phase (65:35) containing n-butylamine. The peaks were detected at +1.1 V versus the silver-silver chloride reference electrode. The method provides absolute recoveries of 60-91% and a day-to-day precision of less than 9% for all compounds. The minimum quantifiable level for all compounds was 3 ng/mL. Steady-state plasma concentration data for 29 depressed patients receiving either 75 mg or 150 mg/d is reported. PMID- 6527249 TI - Gas chromatographic analysis of cetiedil, a candidate antisickling agent, in human plasma with nitrogen-sensitive detection. AB - In this report a sensitive gas chromatographic assay for cetiedil, a candidate antisickling agent, in human plasma is described. After a triple extraction procedure, cetiedil was analyzed without derivatization with a nitrogen phosphorus detector (with papaverine used as the internal standard.) Cetiedil was measured in plasma samples taken from human volunteers administered the drug intravenously. PMID- 6527250 TI - Radiopaque liposomes: effect of formulation conditions on encapsulation efficiency. AB - Liposomes containing sodium ioxitalamate were prepared by sonication. Suitable amounts of purified soybean phosphatidylcholine and cholesterol were used at various molar ratios. Stearylamine or dicetylphosphate were added to this lipid composition when charged liposomes were required. After sonication and removal of unencapsulated solute, this manufacturing process yielded small multilamellar vesicles as confirmed by electron microscopy. These liposomes did not exhibit a narrow range of size distribution; the mean particle size varied from 135 to 145 nm. With respect to the efficiency of encapsulation, two parameters were distinguishable: the volume of encapsulated aqueous space per unit of lipid weight and the percentage of the contrast agent added that became encapsulated in the liposomes. Investigation of the preparative parameters revealed that increased molar ratios of cholesterol yielded higher aqueous volume and iodine contents in the liposomes, which were attributed to a reduction of the liposome permeability to the contrast agent. However, the inclusion of cholesterol into the bilayer liposomal membrane was limited, probably by solubility restrictions. Negatively and positively charged liposomes had higher rates of encapsulation than did neutral liposomes. This result was expected since efficient encapsulation of polar compounds requires formation of large aqueous spaces within the vesicles per mole of lipids. Increase of the lipid fractions at a constant, reduced the aqueous volume entrapped per millimole of lipid and, consequently, the iodine content in the liposomes. However, an increase in the initial sodium ioxitalamate concentration diminished the aqueous volume entrapped in the liposomes but increased the iodine content. PMID- 6527251 TI - Pharmacokinetics of probucol in male rats. AB - The bioavailability and pharmacokinetic behavior of 10 mg/kg of [14C]probucol in an oil-water emulsion was determined after oral and intravenous administration to rats. The bioavailability of the oral formulation was approximately 6%. For the first 12-h interval after the intravenous bolus, plasma probucol concentrations increased after an initial decrease. This effect may be attributed to the formulation or precipitation of the drug in the vasculature. The terminal plasma half-life was 6 d. By 7 d, 45 and 4.65% of the labeled intravenous bolus was excreted in the feces and in the urine, respectively. Although most of the labeled dose was excreted in the bile, any enterohepatic recirculation that did occur did not contribute to the atypical plasma concentration versus time profile. The tissue distribution of the label and elimination rates in the bile differed between the two routes of administration. Either the total body burden, precipitation of the drug, or the emulsion vehicle may be responsible for the nonlinear distribution and clearance of the intravenous dose. PMID- 6527252 TI - Kinetics and mechanism of the alkaline hydrolysis of maleimide. AB - The kinetics of hydrolysis of maleimide was carried out within the [OH-] range of 2.46 X 10(-6) to 2.0 M at 30 degrees C. The observed pseudo-first-order rate constants, kobs, follow the empirical equation: kobs = (A1[OH-] + A2[OH-]2)/(1 + A3[OH-]). Both ionized and un-ionized forms of maleimide have been suggested to be involved in hydrolysis. The nucleophilic attacks by hydroxide ion at the carbonyl carbon of both ionized and un-ionized maleimide and by water at the carbonyl carbon of ionized maleimide to form tetrahedral intermediates are considered to be the rate-determining steps. The observed results obtained at different 1,4-dioxane-water compositions have revealed an increase in kobs with a decrease in 1,4-dioxane content which could be attributed to the higher polarity of the transition state compared with the reactant state. PMID- 6527253 TI - Dissolution at porous interfaces VI: Multiple pore systems. AB - With the aid of rapidly dissolving sodium chloride particles, cubic pores were made in the surface of a theophylline tablet. The influence of the pores on the dissolution rate of the surface was investigated in a rotating disk apparatus. Like the drilled pores used in earlier studies, downstream on the surface they caused a turbulent flow regimen with the development of a trough due to enhanced erosion. The phenomenon of a critical pore diameter, discovered with single, drilled pores, seems to be applicable to the cubic pores investigated in this study, although a higher degree of surface coverage with pores caused complications, probably due to particles bordering one another and forming larger pores. The behavior of the porous surfaces at different rotation speeds was studied. Due to the presence of pores the laminar character of the boundary layer flow changes to turbulent, which induces locally an increased dissolution flux in the wake of a pore. PMID- 6527254 TI - Interaction of povidone with aromatic compounds V: Relationship of binding tendency in a macromolecular solution treated as a pseudo two phase and a monophase. AB - The pseudo-two-phase model is proposed to correlate complex formation of ligand molecules with povidone with partition coefficients (log P or II constants). The conditions which permit the use of the pseudo-two-phase model for binding of ligand onto macromolecules are determined. This model seems to be a more rational choice than the frequently used complex formation model (monophase). This is demonstrated theoretically and confirmed experimentally. The advantages of the use of such a model are also discussed. PMID- 6527255 TI - Improved competitive indicator methods for the study of alpha-cyclodextrin complexes. AB - The competitive indicator method for studying molecular complexes is extended to systems forming 1:1 (SL) and 1:2 (SL2) complexes of substrate (S) and ligand (L). A modification is described for slightly soluble substrates, in which the presence of solid substrate establishes a constant concentration of uncomplexed substrate. These methods are applied to complexes of alpha-cyclodextrin with some aromatic substrates, with methyl orange as the indicator in acid solution; nitrazine yellow is introduced as an indicator for these studies in basic solution. PMID- 6527256 TI - Metabolism of meperidine in several animal species. AB - Four new meperidine metabolites were identified by GC-MS in the urine of rats, guinea pigs, rabbits, cats, and dogs. In addition to known meperidine metabolites, 4-ethoxycarbonyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,4-tetrapyridine (dehydronormeperidine; IV, the N-hydroxydehydro derivative of normeperidine (X), the dihydroxy derivative of meperidine (XII), and the dihydroxy derivative of normeperidine (XIII) were identified. The possible role of the N-hydroxy derivative of normeperidine (IX) in the pharmacological interaction of meperidine (I) with MAO inhibitors, seen selectively in the rabbit (and humans), is discussed. Following the administration of the p-hydroxy derivative of meperidine (VII), the major metabolite was conjugated VII. Trace amounts of the p-hydroxy derivative of normeperidine (VIII), the methoxy hydroxy derivative of meperidine (XI), XII, and XIII also were detected as metabolites of VII. The degree of N demethylation of VII, both in vitro and in vivo, was small. PMID- 6527257 TI - Biological activity of the hypolipidemic agent, N2-n-butylindazolone. AB - Previously, a series of N-substituted indazolone derivatives proved to be effective hypolipidemic agents in rodents. The most effective agent, N2-n butylindazolone, at 20 mg/kg/d was shown to suppress the levels of cytoplasm acetyl coenzyme A required for cholesterol and fatty acid synthesis as well as sn glycerol-3-phosphate acyl transferase and phosphatidate phosphohydrolase activities. Lipid content of the liver, small intestine, and serum lipoprotein fractions was lowered, whereas lipid content was increased in fecal excretions by drug treatment for 14 d. The absorption of orally administered cholesterol from the intestine was severely reduced after drug administration. The mode of action of N2-n-butylindazolone appears to be similar to cyclic imides possessing hypolipidemic activity. PMID- 6527258 TI - Estimation of tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate in biological fluids: novel intersubject variability in recovery from human serum. AB - Tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate (I), a plasticizer commonly found in evacuated blood collection tubes, displaces many basic drugs from their binding sites on serum proteins and causes them to redistribute from serum into red blood cells (i.e., artificially lowering serum or plasma drug concentration). Thus, the ability to quantitate I in serum or plasma may be helpful in establishing the suitability of various lots of evacuated blood collection tubes for use in drug level monitoring and pharmacokinetic studies. In the process of establishing a minor modification of an assay which has been reported, remarkable and reproducible interindividual variability (n = 10) in the slope of standard curves was observed (range, 0.0143-0.0486). This variability appeared to be caused by differences in the recovery of I from the serum of these individuals. The source of this difference seemed to be related to serum lipoprotein concentration since the slope of standard curves was highly correlated with serum triglyceride concentration (r = -0.800) as well as with the sum of serum triglyceride and cholesterol concentrations (r = -0.881). These observations suggest that the examination of interindividual differences in the recovery of drugs and related compounds from serum should be a routine part of assay development. PMID- 6527259 TI - Concentration-dependent enhancement of 1-dodecylazacycloheptan-2-one on the percutaneous penetration kinetics of triamcinolone acetonide. AB - The enhancing effect of 1-dodecylazacycloheptan-2-one (I) on the penetration kinetics of triamcinolone acetonide (II) and the possible mechanisms of enhancement were studied using nonreinforced and reinforced silicone elastomer membranes and full-thickness hairless mouse skin as penetration barriers. Lactam I, at test concentrations of 0.1-10%, significantly promoted the extent and the rate of penetration of the acetonide II. Regardless of the barrier used the effect was concentration dependent, but the penetration profiles were different. The enhancement with synthetic membranes was attributed solely to the effect of lactam I doubling the diffusion constant (D), which resulted in the increase of the permeability coefficient (Kp) and the shortening of the lag time (tau); the partition coefficient (Km), however, was not affected. With mouse skin, I exerted effects on both D and Km. Compound I potentiated the retention of II in skin (a reservoir effect) about sevenfold; however, the enhancing reservoir effect was independent of the concentration of I. Pretreatment with I was found to be more efficient than the coapplication of I and II in the vehicle. The coexistence of I and II was not required for the enhancement, and the reduced enhancing efficiency suggested an interaction between I and II in the vehicle. Penetration impedance was observed after exposure to I with skin, but not with synthetic membranes. Interaction of I with the skin component, or the coexistence of I and II in the skin, could be responsible for such an impedance. PMID- 6527260 TI - Pectin-gelatin complex coacervates II: Effect of microencapsulated sulfamerazine on size, morphology, recovery, and extraction of water-dispersible microglobules. AB - Spherical medicated microglobules were prepared by complex coacervation of Type A gelatin with pectin, having nominal diameters of 5, 10, and 25 micron and containing 37.3, 44.9, and 45.2% (w/w) sulfamerazine, respectively. They were recovered as water-insoluble powders and were spontaneously revertible to highly disperse systems when reconstituted in water or physiological electrolyte solution. The conditions affecting microglobule formation were studied. For complete formation, the crystals must be dispersed at greater than or equal to pH 5. The effect of the sulfamerazine mass added on microglobule morphology, yield, and contents were investigated. As much as 37.3, 44.5, and 69.1% (w/w) sulfamerazine in 5-, 10- and 25-micron microglobules could be formed without loss of spherical shape. The microglobule yield versus drug-to-colloid ratio curves were nonlinear below the critical drug-to-colloid ratio for loss of sphericity. Addition of sulfamerazine suppressed coacervation by 10-15% but it had no significant effect on microglobule size. The extraction of medicated microglobules in various media demonstrated the existence of a porous matrix that required hydration to facilitate extraction of the microglobular drug. Fifteen percent of the encapsulated sulfamerazine was extracted from 25-micron microglobules as opposed to 9% from 10-micron microglobules after equilibration for 24 h in replacement electrolyte solution. PMID- 6527261 TI - DC polarographic reduction of chloroguanide hydrochloride. AB - Chloroguanide hydrochloride, an antimalarial drug, shows one well-defined DC polarographic wave in Britton-Robinson buffered media. In the pH range 3-9 the observed reduction wave is related to the reduction of the two azomethine centers on the monoprotonated biguanide group (BH+). The effects of pH and other experimental variables on the limiting current and half-wave potentials as well as the reduction mechanism are discussed. PMID- 6527262 TI - Design of a slow-release capsule using laser drilling. AB - Conventional hard gelatin capsules were made GI-tract resistant by formalin vapor treatment. The residual formalin content was 80 micrograms/capsule 24 h after treatment, which decreased with increased storage time. An in vitro GI-tract resistance test was performed by exposing the capsules to simulated gastric fluid for 4 h and then to simulated intestinal fluid for 4 h at 37 degrees C. The resistance was further confirmed by in vivo X-ray studies in human volunteers. Minute pores were drilled on the hardened shells of the capsules with a carbon dioxide gas laser. This permitted the slow passage of the encapsulated tetracycline hydrochloride when subjected to 0.1 M HCl in in vitro dissolution studies. In vitro drug release from these capsules followed zero-order kinetics after an initial lag period of 30 min. The factors influencing the in vitro release rate of tetracycline hydrochloride from these capsules are discussed. PMID- 6527264 TI - Binding parameters of interactions of monomer-polymer systems based on quenching of their completely overlapped fluorescence: a theory. AB - A theory is presented which describes the interactions between completely overlapping fluorescing monomer-polymer systems and affords a method to calculate binding parameters. The theory is based on the assumptions that the complex formed from the fluorescing binding site and the monomer molecule does not fluoresce and that the fluorescence intensity is linearly related to concentration. The relationships derived from this theory have provided a sensitive and easy method for calculating the number of binding sites on a polymer molecule from only three emission-intensity values. The theory has been tested on systems containing trimethoprim-serum albumins and found to yield results which are consistent with a curve-fitting approach to the experimental data. This reflects the validity of the theoretical model presented and the various assumptions and approximations made. PMID- 6527263 TI - Degradative behavior of cadralazine in aqueous solution. AB - The degradation of cadralazine in aqueous solution was investigated in relation to pH, concentration, and temperature, under aerobic and anaerobic conditions in light and dark. The appearance of three main degradation products was also studied. Drug disappearance was dependent on temperature, pH, concentration, and oxygen and followed three different mechanistic pathways: thermal, hydrolytic, and oxidative. The individual rate constants were determined by nonlinear regression fitting. PMID- 6527265 TI - Hypolipidemic activity of 4-pyrimidinecarboxylic acids in CF1 mice. AB - A series of 4-pyrimidinecarboxylic acids were evaluated for hypolipidemic activity in mice at 20-30 mg/kg/d ip. A number of these derivatives were observed to be active at this dose. Substitution of the hydroxyl group in position 2 and 6 of the 4-pyrimidinecarboxylic acid with a sulfhydryl and an amino group, respectively, led to a compound which produced a greater than 40% reduction of serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels in mice. Similarly, a compound which was substituted with an amino group in position 2 and an isobutyl group in position 5 led to equally potent activity as a hypolipidemic agent. PMID- 6527266 TI - Determination of dextromethorphan in biological fluids by liquid chromatography by using semi-microbore columns. AB - A sensitive, specific procedure for the determination of dextromethorphan in plasma and urine in dogs is described. The use of a semi-microbore column, 2.1 mm i.d. X 25 cm resulted in a detection limit of 1 ng/mL in plasma and 25 ng/mL in urine. Plasma (3 mL) is extracted in CCl4 and the drug is back-extracted with 3% acetic acid. The chromatographic separation is carried out using a 5-micron particle size octadecyl-bonded column, and the drug is monitored by a fluorescence detector. The results after 10-mg oral administrations of dextromethorphan to dogs are provided. PMID- 6527267 TI - Determination of flurbiprofen in human serum by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. AB - A reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic method is described for the determination of flurbiprofen in human serum. Flurbiprofen is extracted from hydrochloric acid-acidified serum with pentane-ether (80:20). An octadecylsilane column was used with a mobile phase of acetonitrile-water-phosphoric acid (650:350:0.5, v/v/v). A fluorescence detector with excitation at 250 nm and emission at 315 nm provided a quantifiable peak for 0.1 microgram/mL of flurbiprofen in 0.5 mL of plasma. A comparison between UV and fluorescence detection systems is presented. The method is applicable to human bioavailability and pharmacokinetic studies with flurbiprofen. PMID- 6527268 TI - Direct, simultaneous determination of propranolol and its 4-hydroxy metabolite by liquid chromatography. AB - Propranolol and its active 4-hydroxy metabolite are determined by direct injection of spiked plasma samples onto a protein-coated ODS liquid chromatographic column. The recovery of propranolol and the 4-hydroxy metabolite is essentially quantitative and the reproducibility is good. The reproducibility and simplicity may be superior to the conventional HPLC analyses which include pretreatment, i.e., solvent extraction or deproteinization. PMID- 6527269 TI - Determination of "Brompton's cocktails" by circular dichroism. AB - Circular dichroism spectropolarimetry has been applied to the simultaneous determination of chiral compounds in binary mixtures without separation or sample preparation steps. A strategy which uses data measured at equivalent wavelength pairs simplifies the calculations. Correspondence is within +/- 2% of the compositions of prepared standard mixtures. PMID- 6527270 TI - High-performance liquid chromatographic method for the determination of tiflamizole in plasma. AB - A sensitive, specific, high-performance liquid chromatographic procedure was developed for the measurement of plasma tiflamizole levels. Acidic plasma samples were extracted with three volumes of ether. The ether extracts were combined and evaporated to dryness. The residue was dissolved in acetonitrile, washed with hexane, and the acetonitrile was evaporated to dryness. The residue was dissolved in 0.5 mL of mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile and 0.007 M pH 3 sodium phosphate buffer (70:30, v/v) and then chromatographed on a octadecylsilane bonded microparticulate silica column. The assay is specific, precise, accurate, and can measure 10 ng of tiflamizole in 5 mL of plasma. The method was applied to human pharmacokinetic studies. PMID- 6527271 TI - Analysis of tablets containing aspirin, acetaminophen, and ascorbic acid by high performance liquid chromatography. AB - The high-performance liquid chromatographic method described enables the quantitation of the components and the main impurities of tablets containing aspirin, acetaminophen, and ascorbic acid. A C8 reverse-phase column was used; the mobile phase was methanol-0.2 M phosphate buffer (pH 3.5)-water (20:10:70). Results obtained for a brand of effervescent tablets, normally aged for 5 years and stressed at 37 degrees C, 50 degrees C, or in 79% relative humidity at room temperature, are reported. Salicylic acid was the main product of decomposition. Diacetyl-p-aminophenol was observed to be formed by transacetylation. PMID- 6527272 TI - Effects of benztropine mesylate on haloperidol-induced prolactin secretion and serum haloperidol levels in rats. AB - The effects of benztropine mesylate on haloperidol-induced prolactin secretion and serum haloperidol levels were investigated in 240 rats. Animals were pretreated with benztropine mesylate or saline 20 min prior to receiving haloperidol or saline. Serum prolactin and haloperidol levels were analyzed at six time periods over 150 min. There was no significant difference in prolactin levels of control animals, i.e., saline pretreated/saline treated rats compared to benztropine mesylate pretreated/saline treated rats. Haloperidol caused a significant rise (p less than 0.0001) in serum prolactin compared with controls. The prolactin concentration for the 30-150-min sampling period was significantly higher when the rats received benztropine mesylate prior to haloperidol (p less than 0.05). There was a significant correlation (r = 0.57, p less than 0.001) between serum haloperidol levels and serum prolactin levels in haloperidol treated animals pretreated with either saline or benztropine mesylate. Additionally, serum haloperidol levels were not significantly different in animals pretreated with benztropine mesylate compared with those pretreated with saline. Thus, the enhancement of prolactin levels by benztropine mesylate was independent of any effect of haloperidol metabolism. This study appears to indicate that in the rat, cholinergic mechanisms exert a weak inhibitory effect on prolactin secretion under conditions of dopamine blockade. PMID- 6527273 TI - Chromatographic separation of the C(1), C(1a), and C(2) components of gentamicin and the assessment of their individual binding to serum proteins. AB - [3H]gentamicin and [14C]gentamicin samples were purified by Sephadex column chromatography and separated by an HPLC technique into the three major, medicinally active gentamicin components. These separated components were used in equilibrium dialysis studies to determine their percent binding to serum proteins. The bindings of the components were inversely related to concentrations of ionized calcium and magnesium. When dialyzed against a buffer containing physiological concentrations of the divalent cations, the binding of the C(1) component was 2.2 +/- 1.0%, the binding of the C(1a) component was 1.2 +/- 1.9%, and the binding of the C(2) component was 5.0 +/- 2.0%. The percent bindings are not identical and, due to their low values, probably have negligible clinical significance. The radioactive composition and purity of the 3H- and 14C-labeled gentamicin samples differed and these may be important factors in the variance of reported gentamicin bindings. PMID- 6527274 TI - Phosphorous-containing analogues of aspartame. AB - Four analogues of aspartame (aspartylphenylalanine methyl ester) were prepared in which one of the carboxylate groups was replaced by a phosphonate group. None of the peptides so obtained was sweet, in contrast with the parent compound which is over 100 times sweeter than sucrose. These results contrast with several published reports of phosphonate analogues of amino acids and peptides which are potent inhibitors of enzymes containing acceptor sites for the parent compound. PMID- 6527275 TI - Laser Raman investigation of drug-polymer conjugates: sulfathiazole-povidone coprecipitates. AB - Laser Raman spectroscopy is used for the investigation of the drug-polymer conjugates, sulfathiazole-povidone. Specifically, Raman spectra, both in the lattice vibration and the intramolecular vibration regions, are used to characterize various polymoprhic forms of sulfathiazole. It is found that sulfathiazole exists in two unsolvated forms, untreated sulfathiazole and another form grown from propanol. The crystals grown from ethanol include varying amounts of ethanol depending on the growth condition. The nature of the povidone sulfathiazole coprecipitates of various compositions are studied. We find no evidence of any new polymorphic form of sulfathiazole in these coprecipitates. The coprecipitates are found to consist of one of the unsolvated forms of sulfathiazole. PMID- 6527276 TI - Electrostatic effects in acylation of hemoglobin by aspirins. AB - Carboxylate substituents added to the salicylate ring increase the effectiveness of a variety of aspirins and diaspirins in acylating hemoglobin. Even more effective are a series of monoesters of dicarboxylate derivatives. Bis(5 carbomethoxysalicyl)fumarate and -succinate at 5 mM concentrations modify approximately 100% of the hemoglobin in solution and should alter the aggregation behavior of sickle hemoglobin. PMID- 6527277 TI - Bromo-6-methoxy-8-aminoquinolines: preparation and 13C-NMR assignments. AB - Preparation of all possible monobromo-6-methoxy-8-aminoquinolines is reported. These materials provided an opportunity to assess the effect of bromine substitution on 13C-NMR chemical shift patterns. An explanation of the isomerization of 5-bromo-6-methoxy-8-acetamidoquinoline to 7-bromo-6-methoxy-8 aminoquinoline during hydrolysis is presented. PMID- 6527278 TI - Determination of the structure of a synthetic impurity in guaifenesin: modification of a high-performance liquid chromatographic method for phenylephrine hydrochloride, phenylpropanolamine hydrochloride, guaifenesin, and sodium benzoate in dosage forms. AB - An impurity present in all commercial guaifenesin-containing dosage forms examined was isolated and identified as 2-(2-methoxyphenoxy) 1,3-propanediol (VI). The eluant of a previously developed stability-indicating liquid chromatographic method for phenylephrine hydrochloride (I), phenylpropanolamine hydrochloride (II), and guaifenesin (III) was modified to yield a better separation between phenylpropanolamine and the impurity. The method was expanded to include sodium benzoate (IV), a preservative found in some liquid formulations. PMID- 6527279 TI - Ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer microspheres for controlled release of macromolecules. AB - A simple technique has been devised for preparing ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer microspheres containing macromolecular drugs. Beads with good sphericity were formed by a simple extrusion process that can easily be repeated by any laboratory without special equipment. The extruded droplets gelled on immediate contact with cold ethanol in a dry ice-ethanol bath. The ethanol also served to remove the solvent and harden the microspheres as they warmed to room temperature. Release of bovine serum albumin followed the expected trends, i.e., initial linearity with the square root of time and faster release rates with greater drug loading. PMID- 6527280 TI - Comparison of 99mTc-N-pyridoxyl-5-methyltryptophan and 99mTc-N-(3-bromo-2,4,6 trimethylacetanilide)-iminodiace tate as hepatobiliary radiopharmaceuticals in rats. AB - 99mTc-N-(3-bromo-2,4,6-trimethylacetanilide)iminodiacetat e (I) and 99mTc-N pyridoxyl-5-methyl-tryptophan (II) have been described as having optimal properties as hepatobiliary radiopharmaceuticals. This study compared specificity for hepatobiliary excretion, blood disappearance, rates of biliary appearance, and pharmacokinetic parameters including hepatic clearance, volumes of distribution, and mean residence times in normal and sulfobromophthalein-treated rats. The specificity of I was higher as indicated by 94% in the bile at 90 min compared to 91% for II in normal rats and a urine excretion of 0.3% for I compared with 1.9% for II. In sulfobromophthalein-treated animals, urine excretion increases were only to 0.5 and 3.0% for I and II, respectively. In control rats, blood disappearance was similar for both I and II, but II disappeared faster in treated animals. The clearance of II was 70 mL/min/kg in normal and 47 mL/min/kg in treated rats; clearance of I was 51 and 30 mL/min/kg in normal and treated rats, respectively. Volumes of distribution were larger for II. Compound I was superior in specificity while II was superior in clearance and excretion kinetics. PMID- 6527281 TI - Effects of solvent medium on solubility IV: Comparison of the hydrophilic lipophilic character exhibited by functional groups in ethanol-water and ethanol cyclohexane mixtures. AB - Solvent effects on the solubility of a set of structurally related solid compounds (Ax, Ay, etc.) in ethanol-water (system 1) and ethanol-cyclohexane (system 2) are compared by the equation, log Sy = Py log Sx + C. For a given structural change, Ax----Ay, it yields the respective medium-effects parameters, Py1 and Py2. They are used to compare the sensitivity of both solvent systems with the structural changes in the substrates by the equation, delta 12 = (Py1 - 1) - (1 - Py2). Structural changes involving the full replacement of the hydrogen atoms bonded to either O or N afford delta 12 less than 0, while those involving solely an increase in the alkyl chain of the substrates yield delta 12 greater than 0. A structural change where the donor-acceptor capacity of hydrogen bonding is maintained yields a delta 12 approaching zero. PMID- 6527282 TI - Liquid chromatographic microassay for carbamazepine and its 10,11-epoxide in plasma. PMID- 6527283 TI - Effects of high erucic acid diet on sphingomyelin biosynthesis in rat lung microsomes. AB - The amount of fatty acids in free ceramides and sphingomyelins and the biosynthesis of sphingomyelins were measured in lung microsomes of rats fed either a stock diet or semisynthetic diets containing 15% by weight of sunflower oil or rapeseed oil (48% erucic acid). The rapeseed oil diet increased the amount of 24 : 1 in free ceramides and decreased that of 24 : 0 in both fractions as compared to the other reference diets. Incubations of lyophilized microsomes with [14C acyl] ceramides (16 : 0, 18 : 1 or 24 : 1) and [3H methyl] phosphatidylcholine showed that in the stock and the sunflower oil diet groups the conversion kinetics of the 18 : 1 and 24 : 1 ceramides into sphingomyelins were the same while that of the 16 : 0 ceramide showed a higher affinity for the enzymatic systems. The rapeseed oil diet enhanced the apparent kinetic constants of 24 : 1 ceramide conversion. Studies on the appearance of 3H radioactivity in sphingomyelin showed that phosphorylcholine transfer from phosphatidylcholine to a ceramide acceptor occurred during sphingomyelin biosynthesis in lung microsomes. This pathway was also influenced by the rapeseed oil diet. PMID- 6527284 TI - Oxygen consumption in muscle stimulated by noradrenaline at various rates of oxygen delivery. AB - Oxygen consumption and blood flow were measured in the resting autoperfused gracilis anticus muscle of anesthetized cold-acclimated rats at different rates of oxygen delivery (the product of blood flow rate and arterial O2 content) before and during systemic infusion of noradrenaline. Within normal range of O2 delivery (above 16-18 microliters O2 . g-1 . min-1) the unstimulated metabolic rate of the muscle was independent of O2 delivery. On the other hand, during infusion of noradrenaline the muscle O2 consumption increased with O2 delivery ranging from 4.5 to 33.9 microliters O2 . g-1 . min-1. Data indicate that the O2 delivery is not a limiting factor of the unstimulated rat muscle metabolic rate, but it plays an important role in the control of muscle thermogenesis induced by noradrenaline. PMID- 6527285 TI - [Effect of cold adaptation on the feeding behavior of genetically obese Zucker rats]. AB - A diurnal hyperphagia is certainly the main factor of adiposity in the genetically obese Zucker fa/fa rat. In a previous experiment it was observed that cold-acclimatization suppressed hyperphagia and stopped the increase in obesity. In this work, the chronology of modification in the feeding pattern is studied during the first month of cold exposure (10 degrees C). The main cold-induced modifications are observed after 2 weeks of cold exposure. Possibly the decrease in metabolic efficiency of food could parallel the cold-induced enhancement of energetic capacity of brown adipose tissue which has been described elsewhere. This tissue could play a role in the obesity of the Zucker rat. PMID- 6527286 TI - Intermediate stage of sleep in the cat. AB - Intermediate stage of sleep, previously described in the rat, was studied in the cat. The intermediate stage was a short-lasting episode, represented in the EEG activity by cortical spindles, which was accompanied by theta activity in the hippocampus. The cortical EEG spindles appeared simultaneously with hippocampal theta or on its background. Sometimes, geniculo-occipital waves were recorded during this stage. Such an episode of a few such episodes in sequence occurred frequently just before the paradoxical sleep and occasionally just after it. The amplitude of the positive fourth component of the somesthetic evoked potential induced in the S1 cortex by stimulation of the ventrobasal complex, was lower during the intermediate stage than during the other stages of the sleep-waking cycle. The EEG pattern of the intermediate stage was periodically observed under Nembutal anesthesia at the expense of paradoxical sleep and in acute cerveau isole preparation. The results suggest that activatory ascending influences from the brainstem, which modulate waking processes, gradually decrease during slow sleep and are the lowest during the intermediate stage, when the influences for paradoxical sleep are still negligible. PMID- 6527287 TI - Design and evaluation of a prosthesis control system based on the concept of extended physiological proprioception. AB - This paper describes the design and evaluation of an experimental prosthesis control system based on the concept of extended physiological proprioception (EPP). It was originally hypothesized that EPP control effected by residual shoulder motion could be effectively applied in multifunctional prostheses for shoulder disarticulation amputees. The experimental system developed for this study utilized a force-driven control scheme and a shoulder motion transduction system in which direct cable linkages to the prosthesis components were used to implement EPP position-servo relationships between shoulder elevation-depression and prosthesis elbow flexion, and between shoulder protraction-retraction and prosthesis wrist rotation. The results of experiments performed with this prosthesis (and with an experimental velocity-controlled prosthesis implemented for comparison purposes) clearly demonstrated the superior performance provided by EPP control of prosthesis function. PMID- 6527288 TI - Immediate, early, and late postsurgical management of upper-limb amputation. AB - This series is composed of 47 patients who underwent immediate, early, or late postoperative prosthetic fitting after upper-limb amputation. The purpose of this review was to analyze the impact of rapid postoperative fitting on upper-limb amputation, and to assess general prosthetic prescription and guidelines for upper-limb amputees. It would appear that in adult amputations there is a "Golden Period" of fitting for upper-limb prosthetic devices and this period appears to be within the first month after amputation. There appears to be no difference in ultimate prosthetic acceptance rate or use patterns as a function of the type of prosthesis initially provided. Based upon this combined review between the Tucson and Atlanta VA Medical Centers, the authors would suggest that all upper-limb amputees be fitted as rapidly as possible (within 30 days) with conventional prosthetic devices, and when they have shown motivation and skill in the use of conventional devices, then to re-evaluate them for appropriate externally powered prosthetic components. PMID- 6527289 TI - Evaluation of transducer performance for buttock-cushion interface pressure measurements. AB - To assess the performance of transducers used clinically to measure pressure at the skin-cushion interface of seated patients, transducers were placed between slabs of gel and/or foam materials compressed between platens. The recorded pressures consistently exceeded the nominal pressures calculated using the surface area of the slabs. This overestimation, observed in both miniature diaphragm transducers and air cell transducers, appeared to result from preferential loading of the transducer due to insufficient structural compliance in the environs. On the other hand, air cell transducers placed at a skin-foam interface beneath the thighs of human subjects gave readings which agreed closely with subcutaneous tissue pressure measurements obtained from a wick catheter inserted at the same location. These results suggest that, although pressure measurements are prone to error due to load sharing, results obtained clinically from subjects on soft cushions are reasonably accurate because of the high compliance of human soft tissue and the foam. Under low loads these distribute the pressure equitably and avoid concentrations of load on the transducer. PMID- 6527290 TI - An analysis of extended physiological proprioception as a prosthesis-control technique. AB - This research was devoted to an investigation of the practicality and potential effectiveness of applying the concept of extended physiological proprioception (EPP) to the control of upper-limb prostheses. The purpose of this study was to verify that EPP control, implemented by coupling prosthesis function to residual shoulder motion in a position-servo relationship, could be effectively applied in multifunctional prostheses for shoulder disarticulation amputees. Although Simpson has shown that the principle works, the authors wanted to quantify its effectiveness and analyze its limitations. Studies were performed analyzing the feasibility of using shoulder elevation-depression and protraction-retraction as prosthesis control inputs. The results of this study showed that a prosthesis mechanism with nonlimiting dynamic response characteristics and shoulder activated EPP control of wrist rotation and elbow flexion/extension, exhibited functional characteristics comparable to those of the physiological elbow and wrist as defined by tracking capabilities. The results of this investigation also showed that shoulder-effected position control of prosthesis function has considerably more potential for providing effective control than similarly effected velocity control. PMID- 6527291 TI - Acoustic and spinal neurilemmomas: a study of vascular pattern. PMID- 6527292 TI - Primary closure of gluteal injection abscess (a study of 100 cases). PMID- 6527293 TI - Phase I tolerability study of Yogaraj-guggulu--a popular ayurvedic drug. PMID- 6527294 TI - Peritoneal mesothelioma with an unusual gross appearance (a case report). PMID- 6527295 TI - Rhinosporidiosis of conjunctiva (report of a case from Patiala). PMID- 6527296 TI - Primary amoebic meningo-encephalitis caused by Acanthamoeba (report of two cases). PMID- 6527297 TI - Nodular transformation (multifocal regenerative hyperplasia) of the liver (a case report). PMID- 6527298 TI - White/might has rights: apartheid and health. PMID- 6527299 TI - Methyl alcohol poisoning. (Experience of an outbreak in Bombay). PMID- 6527300 TI - Serum protein bound sialic acid in diabetes mellitus. PMID- 6527301 TI - Immunoglobulin profile in pulmonary tuberculosis. PMID- 6527302 TI - Frogs as carriers of rare Salmonella serotypes. PMID- 6527303 TI - Pyogenic meningitis--gas liquid chromatographic study. PMID- 6527304 TI - Comparative evaluation of commonly used tendon suturing materials. (An experimental study). PMID- 6527305 TI - The cytoplasmic basis of cellular differentiation--redressing the injustice done to the cytoplasm. PMID- 6527306 TI - Transnasal approach to the vidian nerve: anatomical considerations. PMID- 6527307 TI - Foreign bodies in the cricopharyngeal region and oesophagus (a review of 226 cases). PMID- 6527308 TI - Foreign bodies in the bronchi (a 10 year review of 132 cases). PMID- 6527309 TI - Muscular dystrophy (a clinical analysis of 126 cases). PMID- 6527310 TI - Experimental foreign body infection in mice by Staphylococcus epidermidis. PMID- 6527311 TI - Factors influencing wound infection (a prospective study of 280 cases). PMID- 6527313 TI - Vesicopyelostomy in a pelvic kidney with uretero-pelvic junction obstruction and multiple renal calculi (a case report). PMID- 6527312 TI - Complications of cardiac catheterization needing emergency surgery. PMID- 6527314 TI - Acute intermittent porphyria (a report of two cases). PMID- 6527315 TI - Primary localised amyloidosis of urinary bladder (a case report). PMID- 6527316 TI - Tibial strut for a thigh stump in modified hip disarticulation. PMID- 6527317 TI - Complement activation after hip replacement operations. PMID- 6527318 TI - Experience in the healing rate of lower limb amputations. PMID- 6527319 TI - Cartilaginous tumours of rib. PMID- 6527320 TI - Anterior hemipylorectomy. A method of pyloroplasty. PMID- 6527321 TI - Fulminating amoebic colitis in infants and children. PMID- 6527322 TI - Diverticulitis of caecum and ascending colon in Singapore. PMID- 6527323 TI - Resection and immediate anastomosis in large bowel obstruction using a stapling technique. PMID- 6527324 TI - Storage of tetracycline solutions for peritoneal lavage. PMID- 6527325 TI - Complications of a mini-tracheotomy. PMID- 6527326 TI - Intestinal entrapment and strangulation by right lobe of liver. PMID- 6527327 TI - Torsion of the spleen. PMID- 6527328 TI - Spontaneous combined intraperitoneal gas and supraclavicular subcutaneous emphysema. PMID- 6527329 TI - Spontaneous rupture of the rectum with prolapse of small intestine through the anus. PMID- 6527330 TI - Phreno-oesophageal muscle anomaly or rudimentary oesophageal sphincter? PMID- 6527331 TI - [Why and how should we standardize medical equipment in France?]. PMID- 6527332 TI - [NMR imaging of the kidney]. AB - NMR imaging was performed in 18 patients suffering from various renal disorders. 2 scanners were used, a 0.14T resistive prototype system and the superconducting Gyroscan S5. NMR imaging proved to be a very sensitive technique. Tumours as small as 5-10 mm were detected. Solid tumours and cysts could be distinguished. As a result of the excellent contrast resolution and tissue differentiation NMR imaging appears to be very accurate in the staging of renal cell carcinoma. Blood vessels within a tumour may be visible as little black dots. Because of their short T1 hemorrhagic cysts can be differentiated from simple cysts. Further prospective follow-up studies are required before a definite statement can be made as to the value of NMR imaging in diffuse parenchymal disease. Calcification were not detected. NMR imaging does not seem to be any more specific as to tissue characterisation than other imaging modalities. PMID- 6527333 TI - [Comparative microangiographic and histological study of hepatic metastases. Possible implications in the phenomena of contrast medium uptake in x-ray computed tomography of the neoplastic liver]. AB - A comparative study using microangiographic and histologic techniques was realized in 43 metastatic livers, totaling 109 lesions. Three different types of tumor vascularization could be recognized. In 30 lesions, residual vessels could be identified. They constitute the only vascular elements in most of the hypervascular lesions studied. On histology, these vessels corresponded to preserved hepatic arterial branches and portal radicles. 79 lesions appeared hypervascular. In 51 lesions, hypervascularity was due to tortuous irregular vessels, corresponding at microscopy to dysplastic capillaries clearly lined with endothelial cells. On the contrary, in 28 metastases, microangiographies showed amorphous contrast uptake. In these cases the contrast was found in large intercellular spaces without endothelial lining, suggesting free interstitial circulation. These observations suggest that the morphology and the dynamic of CT in liver metastases must be influenced by the arterial or portal venous nature of the different vessels. Furthermore, the extravascular diffusion should be function of the type of tumor circulation. If this circulation is confined to real vessels, diffusion will be function of the structure of the walls of these vessels. On the contrary, if the intratumoral circulation is of the free interstitial type, diffusion will be absent and mixing will occur because of the continuity of vascular and interstitial spaces. PMID- 6527334 TI - [Inter-observer variability in the interpretation of arteriographies of the carotid arteries and lower limbs]. AB - This study attempts to measure inter-observer variability in reading 14 carotid angiograms and 8 aortograms. 24 surgeons and radiographs with training in arterial diseases participated in the study from different hospitals. The results were analysed with the Kappa statistical method which incorporate a correction for the extend of agreement expected by chance alone, in the evaluation of the reliability of diagnostic procedures. From a topographic point of view, the interpretation of the proximal arterial segments is more reliable than the distal segments, with the exception of the aorto-iliac bifurcation and the profunda femoral arteries. Inter-observer agreement is the most important for the occlusive lesions and the identification of stenosis is of poor reliability. PMID- 6527335 TI - [Arthrography in pathology of the hip in older children]. AB - Arthrography of the hip was performed in outpatients on 25 children aged 5 to 14 years, using a supra-trochanteric latero-external puncture approach. Data obtained supplied anatomical details indispensable for the decision to operate or not, particularly in certain congenital dislocations or in Legg-Perthes-Calve disease. The examination findings were useful not only for analyzing articular cartilages, limbus and chondro-articular surfaces in abduction and adduction but also for evaluating anteversion of bony and cartilaginous acetabula using an axial projection. The scanner provides comparable data with respect to the latter feature, but access is still more difficult. PMID- 6527336 TI - [Osteonecrosis of the femoral head of sickle-cell origin. Apropos of 19 cases observed during a year in Benin. Proposal for radiologic classification]. AB - The author reports 19 aseptic necrosis of the femoral head, due to sickle-cell anemia, collected in 14 black people native from Benin. Sickle-cell anemia is the most frequent etiology of osteonecrosis there. They are generally observed between 10 and 30 years of age. A systematic and complete study of the radiological signs has been carried out. The peculiar severity of the disease in black Africa is related to the chronicity of the sickling disorder, the delay brought to the diagnostic, the lack in therapeutic media. A six stage X-ray classification is argued because of the most severe aspects. PMID- 6527337 TI - [Pyknodysostosis. Classical and unusual aspects. Apropos of 7 cases]. AB - Seven cases of pyknodysostosis presenting typical clinical and radiologic features were seen between 1972 and 1982. All patients showed clinical and radiologic evidence of reputedly accessory signs. Certain atypical radiologic findings during pyknodysostosis are emphasized, and modifications in the radiologic profile in 2 patients followed up for 10 years analyzed. PMID- 6527338 TI - [Record filing in a department of radiology. Value of a microcomputer]. AB - Advantages of computer-based record filing when compared with conventional methods are outlined, and a detailed description given of the use of a microcomputer for establishing a filing system in a department of radiology. PMID- 6527339 TI - [Cowden's disease. Syndrome of multiple hamartomas]. AB - Cowden's disease is a phacomatosis (multiple hamartomas), which is a familial, hereditary, dominant autosomal affection presenting as typical buccolabial mucocutaneous lesions associated with digestive tract polyps. Differential diagnosis of the predominantly digestive form of the disease is polyposis. A new case of this rare disorder is reported, only 62 cases being documented in literature. PMID- 6527340 TI - [A rarely recognized metastatic localization. Secondary involvement of the occipito-cervical joint]. AB - 280 patients presenting osteophilic tumors were evaluated by conventional tomography of the cervical spine. Metastasis were found in 120 cases among which 70% had no symptoms. Axis was first concerned and sometimes lesions could not be detected on plain radiographs. Authors insist on the need of a systematic cervical spine tomographic study in patients with osteophilic tumors. PMID- 6527341 TI - [Radio-anatomical variants of the optic canal]. AB - Two variants of the optic canal are described by the same patient. During the foetal development, the optic canal and the orbital fissure are first separated by an anterior strut, then by a posterior strut, who secondary fuse into a single optic strut. The keyhole anomaly of the optic canal results from the absence of the posterior optic strut. The duplicate cranial opening of the optic canal results from the absence of fusion of the anterior and posterior struts. PMID- 6527342 TI - [Giant perirenal lipoma. Apropos of a case]. AB - Giant perirenal lipomas are rare pathological entities. Ultrasonographic, CT scan and angiographic findings are described for a case involving a 60 year old male patient. Once the diagnosis was made, primarily thanks to CT scans, the patient was followed-up for two years, until he decided to undergo surgery. Giant perirenal lipomas are one of the focal lipomatoses that can be followed-up with CT scans since surgery is rarely required, except in cases of giant tumors as in our patient (6 kg). PMID- 6527343 TI - Boxing in the Army. PMID- 6527344 TI - Helicopter accident survivability. AB - Army Air Corps accident and fatality rates have now reached levels which compare favourably with data from other civilian and military sources. This improvement is the result of enhanced helicopter design and parallel progress in aircrew training. The introduction of new generations of turbine powered rotor craft has largely eliminated mechanical failure as the cause of accident. As a result 75% of Army Air Corps accidents are due to pilot error. This contribution is likely to increase in the future as the pilot's task is made more difficult by the incumberance of personal equipment. Methods whereby occupant protection and aircraft crashworthiness can be improved are reviewed and it is concluded that it would make sound economic sense to implement some of these well proven design features. PMID- 6527345 TI - Environmental factors in helicopter operations. AB - The environmental problems affecting aircrew are partly those which all soldiers face, such as noise, heat and cold, and partly peculiar to the medium and the vehicle in which aircrew train and fight, such as disorientation and decompression. The cockpit environment of the modern helicopter is luxurious in comparison with many of its predecessors, yet most of the adverse effects of flight on the man still pertain. The result can, predictably, be acute and disastrous, resulting in an accident produced by severe disorientation, or chronic, producing insidious fatigue and performance decrement, which may also result in an accident. One particular stressor may be dominant in a given situation, but generally, many separate factors act simultaneously to produce their results. PMID- 6527346 TI - US Army aviation medicine. PMID- 6527347 TI - A review of current methods of monitoring in neonatal intensive care. AB - Neonatal intensive care requires continuous close monitoring of several physiological parameters. The machinery involved is complex but has to be understood by medical staff with the minimum of training in its use. Failure of correct application and interpretation of results can be dangerous for the sick or preterm infant. PMID- 6527348 TI - Severe tetanus complicating an open femoral fracture successfully managed using intrathecal human tetanus immunoglobulin and external fixation. AB - We report here a case of severe tetanus, complicating a compound fracture of the femur, successfully managed without intensive care facilities, using intravenous sedation and intrathecal Human Tetanus Immunoglobulin (HTI). Substitution of conventional traction (Transtibial Steinman Pin and Thomas Splint) for a Day Frame External Fixation Device (EFD) provided excellent fixation and stability of the fracture in spite of severe tetanic spasms. PMID- 6527349 TI - A central apnoea extension alarm. AB - A central apnoea alarm designed to monitor the breathing of infants placed in four separate cubicles is described. It has been found to be effective and inexpensive, costing about 50 pounds. PMID- 6527350 TI - 2nd Basel Workshop of Methodology in Receptor Research. Rheinfelden, May 9-11, 1984. PMID- 6527351 TI - Identification of 5HT2-receptors on longitudinal muscle of the guinea pig ileum. AB - In binding experiments with the radioligands [3H]Ketanserin (HKet) and [125I]LSD (ILSD) 21 compounds were investigated using rat brain cortex membranes. The pKD values of the compounds were virtually independent of the radioligand used and their rank order was consistent with classification of the binding sites as being of the 5-HT2-type. In contrast, in the longitudinal muscle of the guinea pig ileum in the presence of 0.3 microM cinanserin, ILSD labelled sites which were quite different to those in the cortex. In a functional test antagonism of the 5HT induced contraction of the guinea-pig ileum was measured in the presence of 1 microM atropine. The pharmacological inhibition constants (IC50-values) of 8 compounds correlated well with the dissociation constants for HKet binding in the cortex and did not correlate with the data from ILSD binding in the guinea pig ileum. It is concluded that the ileum contains postjunctional 5HT2-receptors which mediate contraction. The nature of the ILSD binding sites in the ileum remains to be elucidated. PMID- 6527352 TI - Effects of pH and ascorbic acid on 3H-spiperone and 3H-dihydroalprenolol binding in rat forebrain homogenates. AB - The binding of the neuroleptic agent 3H-spiperone and the beta-blocker 3H dihydroalprenolol (3H-DHA) was investigated in rat forebrain homogenates. The pH of the buffer medium was found to specifically affect binding to certain sites. Omission of ascorbic acid from the binding assay influenced binding in a pH dependent way. Preincubation with a relatively low concentration of ascorbic acid markedly reduced the binding of both ligands except the nonspecific binding of 3H spiperone. Lipid peroxidation as revealed by malonyldialdehyde formation, was increased by low and decreased by high ascorbic acid concentrations. The possible relationship between changes in number of binding sites and liposolubility is discussed. PMID- 6527353 TI - Affinity chromatography of cholinergic receptor proteins. AB - Cholinergic binding proteins were purified from torpedo electric organ. The preparation comprises: solubilization by non-ionic detergents followed by unspecific prepurification. For prepurification the double reversed technique proved to be very useful. Finally we applied affinity chromatography. For the affinity purification we used resins with chemically well defined small ligand groups from the depolarizing type (carbachol- and decamethonium-analogue), and from the stabilizing type (gallamine amide amine). The purified receptor proteins from all three resins showed different subunit compositions and different properties of alpha-bungarotoxin binding. PMID- 6527354 TI - A new method of iodine labelling of peptide hormones. AB - Usually peptide hormones and related compounds are radioactively labelled with iodine on tyrosine residues of the peptide. However many peptide hormones do not contain tyrosine or the iodinated tyrosine interferes with the biological properties. In order to circumvent these and other problems, a general method is proposed which allows the introduction of iodine into the para-position of phenylalanine with a modified Sandmeyer procedure. This last-step modification together with HPLC purification permits the obtention of carrier-free and metabolically stable labelled products with maximal specific activity possible. The model has been carried out on several peptide-models like angiotensin II, endorphine and head activator peptide. PMID- 6527355 TI - Kinetic deuterium isotope effects in glucocorticoid receptor activation. AB - Activation and deactivation of the chick thymus glucocorticoid receptor protein was studied in ordinary and heavy water by DNA-cellulose binding of the tritiated triamcinolone acetonide-receptor complex. Activation was significantly slower in heavy water if it was promoted by incubation at elevated temperature in buffers of low ionic strength. In the presence of 300 mM KC1 or after separation from the low molecular weight cytosol constituents, the complex was activated at the same rate in both solvents. Deactivation (time dependent loss of DNA-binding capacity) was much faster in ordinary than in heavy water regardless of gel filtration or the presence of KC1. A model of receptor activation-deactivation was constructed on the basis of these data that accounts for the observed kinetic deuterium isotope effects and reveals some submolecular details of the process. PMID- 6527356 TI - The influence of epinephrine on washed human platelets: shape change and protein phosphorylation. AB - Protein phosphorylation is an important regulator of the properties or functions of many proteins and is associated with the platelet activation response to a number of chemically and functionally different agents such as thrombin, platelet activating factor, serotonin and collagen. The physiological responses of platelets to these agents are similar, and the common intracellular messenger for activation is an elevated concentration of calcium. Platelets possess alpha-2 receptors, and treatment with epinephrine produces an elevation in platelet cytosolic free calcium concentrations. Methods are described for studying hormone sensitive shape change and protein phosphorylation in washed human platelets. Epinephrine induces platelet shape change, and this process is independent of extracellular calcium. Treatment of [32P]-orthophosphate-labelled platelets with epinephrine produces an increase in 32P-incorporation into two platelet proteins with molecular weights of 47000 and 20000. This phosphorylation response is both dose and time dependent. Extracellular calcium is not absolutely essential for epinephrine-induced phosphorylation, but does enhance the maximum levels of 32P incorporation. Epinephrine sensitive phosphorylation is completely inhibited following pretreatment with verapamil or nitrendipine. Shape change in response to epinephrine occurs in the absence of enhanced protein phosphorylation. The data suggest that epinephrine mobilizes intracellular calcium, and induces platelet shape change and phosphorylation responses characteristic of platelet activation. PMID- 6527357 TI - Antibodies directed against functional sites on the acetylcholine receptor from Torpedo marmorata. AB - Antibodies directed against functional sites on the acetylcholine receptor from Torpedo marmorata have been obtained by the following two procedures: (i) Our library of monoclonal antibodies raised against the whole receptor protein was screened for antibodies competing with cholinergic agonists, antagonists and local anesthetics for receptor binding, (ii) antibodies were raised against short peptides matching the sequence of predetermined sites on the receptor protein. In this way, a topographic map of the functional sites on the receptor surface can be constructed. PMID- 6527358 TI - Guanine nucleotides modulate cortical S2 serotonin receptors. AB - Many radiolabelled receptors coupled to intracellular adenylate cyclase activity have been found to be modulated by physiological modulators such as GTP (guanosine triphosphate) and Gpp(NH)p (guanosine-imido-diphosphate). In particular, the apparent affinity of agonists competing for the binding of 3H antagonist-labelled receptors is reduced in the presence of GTP and Gpp(NH)p. We report herein the agonist-specific effects of GTP and Gpp(NH)p on rat brain cortical S2 serotonin receptors. The agonists serotonin, 5-methoxytryptamine, bufotenine, and tryptamine display threefold lower affinities for S2 serotonin receptors in the presence of 10(-4)M GTP or Gpp(NH)p than in the absence of the nucleotides. The antagonists spiperone, cinanserin, cyproheptadine and methysergide are unaffected by the guanine nucleotides. The Hill coefficients of the agonists increase from between 0.70-0.80 to 0.90-1.00 due to guanine nucleotides. ATP, ADP, and GDP have little or no effect. This pattern of guanine nucleotide effects has been found with receptors which are modulated by a guanine nucleotide regulatory protein and may indicate that the S2 serotonin receptor may be coupled to intracellular adenylate cyclase activity. PMID- 6527359 TI - Pre- and postsynaptic localization of 3H-imipramine binding sites in rat cerebral cortex. AB - The subcellular localization of 3H-imipramine binding sites in brain was investigated with the aim of learning about the possible mechanism of action of this antidepressant. The rat cerebral cortex was submitted to a systematic fractionation and both the nuclear and the synaptosomal fractions were purified by gradient centrifugation. Using a centrifugation assay for the binding, we found that the synaptosomal membranes had the highest specific activity and showed two binding sites, one of high affinity with a KD of 14 nM and a Bmax of 3.1 pmol per mg protein, and another of lower affinity with a KD of 99 nM and a Bmax of 14.2 pmol per mg protein. Purified nuclei have a lower specific activity than the synaptosomal membrane, specially when expressed per g tissue. On the other hand, myelin and capillaries have few binding sites. Synaptosomal membranes were treated with 0.1, 0.2 and 0.5% Triton X-100 to dissolve the pre- and post synaptic membrane and submitted to 3H-imipramine binding in the presence of the detergent or after washing of the residue. The results obtained suggest that although most 3H-imipramine binding sites are localized pre-synaptically, a certain proportion are post-synaptic. These findings are discussed in relation to previous studies from this laboratory on the localization of central receptors with reference to the synaptic region and to the antidepressant action of imipramine. PMID- 6527360 TI - Differential release of estradiol from immobilized estrogen receptors by p-sec amylphenol: evidence for a functional microheterogeneity of estrogen receptors. AB - 3H-Estradiol-estrogen receptor complexes were adsorbed on a column of heparin agarose and subjected to a gradient of increasing concentrations of p-sec amylphenol. At least five peaks of released 3H-estradiol were observed- demonstrating the existence of subsets of heparin-immobilized receptors with different affinities for estradiol. This finding is presented as further evidence for a functional micro-heterogeneity among estrogen receptors. The origin of the observed differences in estrogen receptors and possible relevance of the findings to receptor-mediated responses are discussed. PMID- 6527361 TI - Effects of sulfhydryl reagents on uterine nuclear estrogen receptors labeled by in vitro exchange with [3H]estradiol or [3H]4-hydroxytamoxifen. AB - We have attempted to convert 4 S uterine nuclear estrogen receptors obtained after in vitro labeling with [3H]antiestrogens to 3 S, the form observed after in vitro exchange with [3H]estradiol, in order to examine the possible relationship between these forms. Treatment of nuclear extracts labeled with the high affinity antiestrogen, [3H]4-hydroxytamoxifen, with a variety of nucleases, phosphatases, or proteases either had no effect on the 4 S antiestrogen-receptor complex or led to loss of ligand binding. The sulfhydryl reducing agents, cysteine or reduced glutathione, on the other hand, brought about conversion of 4 S estrogen receptors to components sedimenting at about 3 S. Conversely, when oxidized glutathione was included in all buffers used for preparation and labeling of nuclear estrogen receptors with [3H]estradiol, more rapidly sedimenting (approximately 4.6 S) forms of estrogen-receptor complex predominated. Cysteine still effected the 4 S to 3 S conversion when nuclear estrogen receptors, partially purified by sucrose gradient centrifugation, were used as substrate, suggesting a direct action of the sulfhydryl reagents on receptor molecules. From these results we propose that nuclear estrogen and antiestrogen-receptor complexes may differ in conformation such that the former may be more sensitive to the action of an endogenous reducing agent which contributes to formation of 3 S [3H]estradiol-receptor complexes. PMID- 6527363 TI - The dissociation rate of unlabelled dopamine antagonists and agonists from the dopamine-D2 receptor, application of an original filter method. AB - A filtration technique was developed to measure the dissociation rate of unlabelled drugs from membrane receptors. Receptor preparations saturated with unlabelled drug were adsorbed to glass fibre filters positioned on a filtration apparatus. Dissociation of the drug from the receptor sites was achieved by repeatedly applying small buffer samples on the filter, this was followed by short incubation on the filter with a [3H]ligand. Rat striatal membrane preparations adsorbed on filters retained the same dopamine-D2 receptor binding properties as the tissue in aqueous suspension. Stereospecific [3H]haloperidol binding was maximal with 20 mg tissue per filter and 5 min incubation, KD = 2.8 nM and Bmax = 24 fmoles/mg tissue was found. The dissociation from the dopamine D2 receptor for 18 dopamine antagonists and 3 agonists followed first order reaction kinetics. Half-lifes of dissociation ranged from 3.5 min for azaperone to 233 min for metitepine. There was no strict relationship between dissociation half-life and apparent equilibrium binding affinity or lipophilicity of the drugs. Half-life of receptor dissociation appeared neither to be a primary determining factor in the duration of pharmacological action of the drugs. The importance of the drug receptor dissociation rate for binding experiments in vitro as well as for chronic drug treatment is discussed. PMID- 6527362 TI - Multisubunit structure and amino-terminal sequences of piscine muscle acetylcholine receptor. AB - The nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (AcChR) has been purified from both the electric organ and the muscle of the fish Electrophorus electricus. Upon SDS gel electrophoresis muscle AcChRs appeared to contain four main polypeptides whose molecular weights were similar but not identical to the molecular weights of the four peptides present in the electric organ AcChR. Each of these peptides has been isolated and their amino-terminal sequences have been determined. The AcChRs from muscle were found to be composed of four homologous proteins of apparent molecular weight 40,500, 50,000, 56,000 and 63,000, respectively. The subunit of Mr 40,500 is present in two copies for each AcChR molecule, while the other three components are present in one copy. No difference was found between the sequenced segments of corresponding subunits from muscle and from electric organ AcChR, suggesting that AcChRs in different tissues of the same animal are products of identical genes. The Electrophorus AcChR subunits are highly homologous with the corresponding subunits of Torpedo californica AcChR. PMID- 6527364 TI - Heriot-Watt Medical Laser Unit. PMID- 6527365 TI - The International Organization for Standardization technical committee on implants for surgery. AB - The author defines surgical implants. Surgical applications of implants are shown to be increasing and the range of materials used is growing. Surgeons' knowledge of materials science is generally inadequate and there is now a need for implant standards and for assurance of their quality control. The problems in achieving this internationally are discussed. The achievements of the ISO's technical committee (TC150) on implants for surgery are described. PMID- 6527366 TI - Mains interference in ECG recording. AB - Despite the increasing sophistication of ECG monitoring and recording equipment, the problem of mains interference and the techniques used to overcome it remain of fundamental importance. This paper presents simplified models of the instrumentation systems most commonly encountered in a hospital environment, concentrating on the ubiquitous isolated amplifier. Empirical values are given for the various parameters, and simple equations are developed to estimate the interference levels in practical situations. PMID- 6527367 TI - A portable syringe driver: design and applications. AB - Applications of a battery-operated portable syringe driver are reviewed and the Graseby MS16 device is described. Its value in permitting long-term slow infusion of drugs--in preference to intermittent injections--is illustrated by reference to a variety of uses. In size and weight the driver is small enough to permit a patient to wear it even while leading an active life. A custom integrated circuit and a high-efficiency mechanical drive result in such low power consumption that an inexpensive 9V battery will last for up to three months. Applications include heparin infusion, post-operative analgesia, hormone infusions, cancer chemotherapy, domiciliary analgesia in terminal cancer, antibiotics, neonatal infusions, and in human and animal research. One of the most interesting applications has been in the treatment of thalassaemia, extending life expectancy from about 15 years to an indefinite span. The driver incorporates comprehensive safety features. PMID- 6527368 TI - Evaluation of audiometers. PMID- 6527369 TI - Three-channel electrocardiographs. PMID- 6527370 TI - Safety with surgical lasers. AB - As the sales of surgical lasers continue to grow, the problem of laser safety in hospitals becomes increasingly more urgent. This article considers both the principles and the practice of laser safety, and indicates how safety codes should be organized within a hospital. Eye safety is of paramount importance, and the effects of different wavelengths of laser radiation on the eye are described, both for intrabeam and extended-source exposure. An account is given of the concept of Maximum Permissible Exposure (MPE) and how it depends upon wavelength and exposure duration. The standard laser classification is developed in relation to MPE. The use of laser protective eyewear is discussed for the surgeon, other theatre staff and the patient. Finally, the role of the Laser Protection Supervisor and of the Laser Protection Adviser are explained in the context of establishing a local laser safety code. PMID- 6527371 TI - Recanalization of arteries by laser radiation. AB - Following the success of balloon angioplasty as a non-operative technique for the recanalization of stenosed arteries, particularly those of the heart itself, work is being carried out to determine whether it would be possible to use laser radiation for this purpose. Both Nd:YAG and argon radiation have been shown to be capable of destroying atheromatous plaque, the major problem in vivo being perforation of the artery wall. The technique shows promise but much experimental work remains to be done. PMID- 6527372 TI - The iridium/iridium oxide electrode for in vivo measurement of oesophageal and gastric pH. AB - An iridium-iridium oxide electrode for in vivo pH measurement of the distal oesophagus is described. It is small and flexible so it is well accepted by patients for long-term pH monitoring. The electrode also offers the possibility of including another electrode and/or a pressure sensor for simultaneous detection of two or more parameters--gastric pH or oesophageal pressure for example. A clinical study was performed on 15 healthy volunteers and the results were checked on a DGC Nova 4/S computer, showing less than 0.005% of tension in mV out of the established range in a period of 24 h pH monitoring. The volunteers' results were compared with the normal values obtained by DeMeester using a glass electrode on a similar, healthy group of American patients and no significant differences were observed. Owing to its small size, reliability, fast response to pH changes, durability and its easy storage, the Ir/IrO2 electrode is ideal for long-term pH monitoring of the upper gastro-intestinal tract. PMID- 6527373 TI - Evaluation report: surgical diathermy units. AB - A recent issue of 'Health Equipment Information' (No. 122, April 1984) contains evaluation reports on three surgical diathermy units: the Downs Diadon 170, the Martin Elektrotom 500B, and the Olympus PSD-2. In addition to the detailed evaluation reports, 'HEI' 122 also contained a glossary of terms associated with these devices, and a summary of a discussion on the safety of surgical diathermy units presented in a fuller form in 'HEI' 99. A review of the principles and practice of surgical diathermy has recently been published in 'Journal of Medical Engineering & Technology'. Technical aspects of the equipment have been assessed against BS 5724 Part 1, which is the British version of IEC Publication 601-1, in conjunction with a particular standard for surgical diathermy units, IEC 601-2-2, which modifies the general standard. The protocol for the user trials was devised jointly by DHSS, together with local physics staff and surgeons. Orders for 'HEI' 122 (f3.00) to DHSS Leaflets Unit, PO Box 21, Stanmore, Middlesex HA7 1AY, UK. NHS staff can obtain it, free, through their Administrator. For full details of the evaluation findings, readers should consult 'HEI' 122: the following are extracts from the report. PMID- 6527374 TI - The development of respiratory syncytial virus-specific immune complexes in nasopharyngeal secretions following natural infection. AB - Sequential samples of nasopharyngeal secretions (NPS) from 61 infants and children with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection were examined for the presence of RSV-specific immune complexes in order to determine their possible role in recovery from or pathogenesis of RSV infection. Immune complexes in NPS were identified by the Raji cell assay using indirect immunofluorescence and RSV antigen in these complexes was also detected by indirect immunofluorescence. RSV specific immune complexes were detected in 56% of subjects tested, being present as early as 3-6 days after the onset of illness and persisting for up to 36 days after the onset of illness. The appearance of immune complexes was temporally associated with the disappearance of RSV antigen from airway epithelial cells, suggesting a role for immune complexes in eradication of infection. RSV-specific immune complexes were identified with approximately equal frequency in patients with all forms of illness due to RSV, an observation which tends to rule out a role for immune complexes in the pathogenesis of RSV disease. PMID- 6527376 TI - Dermatoglyphic analyses of 32 parents of Prader-Willi syndrome individuals. AB - Dermatoglyphic analyses were performed on 22 mothers and 10 fathers of 24 PWS individuals (32 normal relatives). The frequency of fingertip patterns in the parents was the same as in their PWS offspring with respect to a decrease in ulnar loops, and this decrease was significant when compared with controls (P greater than 0.01). It was more marked in the fathers than in the mothers. The fingertip arches and whorls were more evenly redistributed in the parents than in their PWS offspring. The TFRC of the parents showed a positive correlation with the TFRC of the PWS offspring (P less than 0.01). These data indicate heritability of the fingertip dermatoglyphics. No heritable traits were found in the palmar dermatoglyphic configurations. The fathers showed palmar anomalies greater than in control males (P less than 0.05). PMID- 6527375 TI - Experimental autoimmune glomerulonephritis with pulmonary hemorrhage in rats. The dose-effect relationship of the nephritogenic antigen from bovine glomerular basement membrane. AB - Experimental autoimmune glomerulonephritis with pulmonary hemorrhage was induced in rats by a single injection of soluble antigen obtained from bovine glomerular basement membrane. Groups of rats were injected with various amounts of the nephritogenic antigen with Freund's complete adjuvant and killed 10 weeks later. Glomerulonephritis with linear deposition of IgG along the glomerular basement membrane developed in 7 of 10 rats injected with 10 micrograms of the antigen and all 20 rats of other 2 groups with 100 or 1,000 micrograms of the antigen. Pulmonary hemorrhage was observed in 21 of 27 rats with nephritis, and it was particularly severe in those injected with 1,000 micrograms. Glomerulonephritis with pulmonary hemorrhage and the linear deposition of IgG along with the glomerular basement membrane suggests that this model resembles human anti glomerular basement membrane antibody-induced glomerulonephritis including Goodpasture's syndrome. The nephritic rats showed symptoms of nephrotic syndrome such as hypoalbuminemia, hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceremia, and the severities of these symptoms clearly depended on the degree of proteinuria. PMID- 6527377 TI - Adaptive behaviour of Reye's syndrome survivors. AB - Adaptive behaviour was investigated in a group of 35 individuals who survived Reye's syndrome. Specifically, the association between three medical variables: age at onset of disease, months since medical recovery, and stage of coma, and current functioning level was assessed. Results indicated that these variables may be viable predictors for some of the behavioural domains. Sequelae related to this disease may include a diminished level in the rate of learning as well as long term maladaptive behaviours. PMID- 6527378 TI - Early development of an infant with 18q- syndrome. AB - The early intellectual and psychological development of an infant with 18q- syndrome is described. In this syndrome, which is a rare chromosomal disorder, there is a deletion of a portion of the long arm of chromosome 18. The few previously published accounts have indicated a varying degree of intellectual retardation. This child proved to be moderately delayed only and her development over the first 24 months of age is described in some detail. The family was receiving an intensive home advisory service offered to help maximize the development of pre-school handicapped infants in the area, and it is suggested that in general terms this particular disorder is not remarkably different in respect of psychological prognosis from the more common Down's syndrome, involving trisomy 21, and shows an equally favourable response to such a service. The peculiar appearance of such infants may, however, pose particular problems of parental adjustment. PMID- 6527379 TI - Bovine beta-crystallin complementary DNA clones. Alternating proline/alanine sequence of beta B1 subunit originates from a repetitive DNA sequence. AB - A library of recombinant plasmids carrying complementary DNA sequences synthesized from bovine lens messenger RNAs was constructed. Clones coding for five different beta-crystallin subunits: beta B1, beta B3, beta Bp, beta s, beta A3 (and beta A1), were identified by means of hybridization selection, followed by one- and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis of the translational products. Under rather stringent conditions each of these clones hybridizes with its corresponding mRNA and does not show significant cross-hybridization with mRNAs coding for other beta-crystallins, except in the case of the homologous beta A3 and beta A1-crystallins. The beta A3 and beta A1 subunits seem to be encoded by one mRNA using two different AUG codons as start position for translation. We have also determined the nucleotide sequence of a beta B1-crystallin cDNA (pBL beta B1) which enabled us to deduce the complete amino acid sequence of the protein. The beta B1-crystallin, a characteristic component of the high molecular weight crystallin aggregate (beta H), is internally homologous both at DNA and protein level as has been reported for gamma- and other beta-crystallins. This is in agreement with the idea that these proteins had a common ancestral precursor gene that internally duplicated. The G + C content of the coding sequence of beta B1 is very high: 67% overall and even 84.2% for the first 170 nucleotides, due to a remarkable non-random codon usage. A proline/alanine repetition in the N terminal domain of the protein is encoded by a repetitive "simple" DNA sequence. PMID- 6527381 TI - Crystalline monoclonal antibody Fabs complexed to hen egg white lysozyme. AB - The Fab of a monoclonal anti-lysozyme antibody (HyHEL-10) has been crystallized as the free Fab and as the Fab-antigen complex. Crystals have also been grown of the antigen complex of the Fab of another monoclonal anti-lysozyme antibody (HyHEL-9), which recognizes a different binding surface of lysozyme. All three crystals diffract to at least 3 A resolution and are suitable for X-ray diffraction studies. PMID- 6527380 TI - Dominant mutations affecting muscle structure in Caenorhabditis elegans that map near the actin gene cluster. AB - By examining F1 progeny of mutagenized Caenorhabditis elegans larvae, we recovered several dominant mutations which affect muscle structure. Five of these new mutations resulted in phenotypes unlike the previously recognized unc-54 and unc-15 dominant alleles. Mapping studies placed all five mutations in the same small region of linkage group V. Polarized light, fluorescence and electron microscopic studies showed that a prominent feature of the disorganized myofilament lattice is the abnormal placement of thin filaments within the body wall muscle cells. Pharyngeal musculature is also affected by three of the mutations when homozygous. Of the five mutations only three are homozygous viable. All three of these have unusually high intragenic reversion rates either spontaneously (approximately 10(-6)) or after ethyl methanesulfonate mutagenesis (2 X 10(-5)), suggesting that reversion occurs through loss of function mutations. No unlinked suppressor mutations were found. The dominance of the mutations, the effect on thin filaments and the reversion properties suggested that these new dominant mutations lie in a gene or genes specifying a structural component of the thin filament. The positioning of a set of three actin sequences in the same region (Files et al., 1983) led us to speculate that these mutations lie in actin genes. PMID- 6527382 TI - Actin mRNAs in HeLa cells. Stabilization after adenovirus infection. AB - We have carried out a comparative analysis of the expression of the actin genes in HeLa and adenovirus-infected HeLa cells. The rate of actin gene transcription was examined in these cells by pulse-labeling of the newly synthesized RNA and/or by in vitro transcription in nuclei isolated from uninfected or infected HeLa cells. In addition, accumulation of actin-specific heterogeneous nuclear RNA, and rate of appearance of the actin mRNAs in the cytoplasm were examined by dot and Northern blot analysis. The rate of actin gene transcription remained constant after infection of HeLa cells with adenovirus serotype 2, while the level of the actin precursor in the nuclei was slightly reduced. In the infected cells, newly synthesized actin mRNA enters the cytoplasm at a very reduced rate. The deficiency of transport does not affect the steady-state level of the messages in the cytoplasm. The half-life of cytoplasmic actin mRNAs was analyzed by traditional pulse-chase experiments and by a novel procedure using 5-6-diCl-1 beta-d-ribofuranosylbenzimidazole, which does not rely on labeled RNA. Both procedures gave identical results. Uninfected HeLa cells have actin mRNAs with relatively short half-lives, from less than six to 12 hours. In contrast, the half-lives of the actin-specific mRNAs, in the cytoplasm of adenovirus-infected cells, is greater than 14 to 24 hours. These observations suggest that, although the rate of transport of actin mRNAs to the cytoplasm is reduced upon infection with adenovirus, increased half-lives result in accumulation of actin mRNAs to normal levels in the cytoplasm. PMID- 6527383 TI - Proteolytic cleavage and maturation of the crystalline secretion products of Paramecium. AB - The secretory vesicles (trichocysts) of the unicellular eukaryote Paramecium provide a model system for genetic, cytological and biochemical studies of secretory processes. An additional interest in trichocysts lies in the crystalline organization of their content, before and after exocytosis. We have analysed the biosynthesis of the secreted proteins and the building up of their crystalline packing by a combination of methods using: antibodies raised against the secreted products; mutants blocked at different steps of the secretory pathway; and the carboxylic ionophore monensin. Our results support the following conclusions: firstly, the secreted polypeptides are derived from higher molecular weight precursors by a proteolytic cleavage; and secondly, this post translational maturation is required for the building up of the crystalline structure of the trichocyst contents. PMID- 6527384 TI - Structural and functional studies of hemoglobin Wayne: an elongated alpha-chain variant. AB - Hemoglobin Wayne (Hb Wayne) is a frame-shift, elongated alpha-chain variant that exists in two forms, with either asparagine or aspartic acid as residue 139. Oxygen equilibrium studies showed that stripped Hb Wayne Asn and Hb Wayne Asp possessed high oxygen affinity (P 1/2 = 0.60 and 0.23 mmHg at pH 7, respectively), were non-co-operative and have a markedly reduced Bohr effect ( delta log P 1/2/pH (7 to 8) = 0.34 and 0.10, respectively). Adding organic phosphate results in a decreased oxygen affinity and increased Bohr effect for both Hbs Wayne. The overall rate of carbon monoxide binding at pH 7 (l' = 5.6 X 10(6) M-1 S-1) was similar for both stripped Hbs Wayne and was 25-fold more rapid than that of stripped Hb A. When organic phosphate was added, Hb Wayne Asn exhibited a homogeneous slower rate of carbon monoxide binding (l' = 2.6 X 10(6) M-1 S-1), whereas Hb Wayne Asp showed heterogeneous binding (l' = 6.1 X 10(6) and 2.6 X 10(6) M-1 S-1 for fast and slow phases, respectively). The rates of overall oxygen dissociation and oxygen dissociation with carbon monoxide replacement for both Hbs Wayne were found to be slow compared to Hb A and uniquely different from each other. Similarly, sedimentation velocity experiments indicated that, although Hb Wayne Asn and Hb Wayne Asp were both less tetrameric than Hb A, each hemoglobin exhibited a distinct degree of oxygen-linked subunit dissociation. These observed differences in the allosteric properties of Hb Wayne Asn and Hb Wayne Asp appeared to be directly attributable to residue 139. The equilibrium and kinetic data are consistent with the X-ray diffraction analysis of Hb Wayne Asp, which shows that the C terminus of the deoxytetramers are severely disordered, a condition that results in major destabilization of the T conformation and disruption of normal hemoglobin function. PMID- 6527385 TI - Oxygen affinity of bovine haemoglobin. Relevance of electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions. AB - We have studied the effects of organic cosolvents (monohydric alcohols and formamide) on the oxygen equilibrium of bovine haemoglobin and have compared them with the effects of the same cosolvents on the oxygen equilibrium of human haemoglobin. Our results indicate: (1) that in agreement with previous suggestions, the lower affinity of bovine haemoglobin for oxygen is not due to an increased number of salt bridges stabilizing the T structure; (2) that, following T----R transition, more hydrophobic surface is exposed to the solvent by bovine than by human haemoglobin. We suggest, therefore, that a relevant role in keeping the oxygen affinity of bovine haemoglobin lower than that of human haemoglobin is played by the higher free energy needed to expose this more hydrophobic surface to the solvent. We stress, however, that our analysis does not enable us to say which particular amino acid residues are concerned in these effects. PMID- 6527386 TI - Aplysia myoglobins with an unusual amino acid sequence. AB - The complete amino acid sequence of the myoglobin from Aplysia juliana, a species distributed world-wide, has been determined and compared with the sequence of the myoglobin of Aplysia limacina, a Mediterranean species, and of Aplysia kurodai, a Japanese and Asian species. Unlike mammalian myoglobins, Aplysia myoglobins contain only a single histidine residue, lacking the distal one, the homology being 76% between A. juliana and A. limacina, 74% between A. juliana and A. kurodai, and 83% between A. limacina and A. kurodai. The hydropathy profiles of the Aplysia myoglobins are very similar, but completely different from that of sperm whale myoglobin, taken as the reference. PMID- 6527387 TI - Crystallization of hen eggwhite riboflavin-binding protein. AB - Crystals of hen eggwhite riboflavin-binding protein have been grown by equilibrium dialysis in solutions buffered with 0.05 M-Tris X HCl (pH 8.5) using ammonium sulphate as the precipitant. The crystals belong to the space group P3121 (or enantiomorph) with a = b = 112.5 A and c = 72.0 A, and diffract to a resolution of 2.8 A. PMID- 6527388 TI - Crystallization of and preliminary X-ray diffraction data for TET-repressor and the TET-repressor-tetracycline complex. AB - The TET-repressor encoded by the transposon Tn10 has been crystallized along with the repressor-tetracycline complex. Both crystals belong to the space group P43212 (or P41212) with cell dimensions a = b = 74.3(1) A, c = 94.2(2) A and a = b = 73.3(1) A, c = 94.6(2) A for the free and complexed repressor, respectively. There is one molecule of molecular weight 23,000 per asymmetric unit, and the biologically active dimer therefore consists of two identically formed subunits which are related by a crystallographic 2-fold axis. This isomorphism of TET repressor and its tetracycline complex suggests that only minor, subtle changes in structure trigger binding to or release of the operator. The crystals of the native protein permit X-ray data collection to 3.2 A and those of the complexed repressor to 2.8 A. PMID- 6527389 TI - The primate psi beta 1 gene. An ancient beta-globin pseudogene. AB - The human beta-globin gene cluster contains five functional genes plus a single pseudogene termed psi beta 1. Hybridization and comparative sequence analysis show that this pseudogene is not the product of a recent gene duplication, but is ancient and has been maintained in all major primate groups ranging from prosimians to anthropoids, at the same position as in man, between gamma- and delta-globin genes. In the lemur, a prosimian, the central exons of the psi beta 1 and delta-globin genes have undergone an unequal exchange, which has resulted in a contraction of the beta-globin gene cluster and the formation of a Lepore type psi beta 1-delta globin pseudogene. Comparisons of defects shared by prosimian, New World monkey and human psi beta 1 sequences suggest that the ancestral primate gene was probably a pseudogene with an abnormal initiation codon but few if any additional defects, and that most contemporary pseudogene defects were accumulated relatively recently by slow neutral drift. We suggest that psi beta 1 arose early in primate evolution by silencing of a pre-existing discrete functional gene, and show that psi beta 1-related sequences are also present in other mammalian orders. In view of the antiquity of psi beta 1-related sequences, we propose that this gene be renamed the eta-globin gene. PMID- 6527390 TI - The eta-globin gene. Its long evolutionary history in the beta-globin gene family of mammals. AB - In phylogenetic reconstructions by the parsimony method, utilizing 62 sequenced globin genes and pseudogenes (including 34 of the beta-globin gene family from eutherian orders Primates, Lagomorpha, Artiodactyla and Rodentia), the branch of primate psi beta pseudogenes and the goat embryonically expressed epsilon II gene group monophyletically together as orthologues of a common ancestral gene (labelled eta) distinct from orthologues of epsilon, gamma, delta and beta. This primate psi eta-goat eta branch is cladistically closer to epsilon and gamma than to delta and beta branches. In each eutherian order gene conversions replaced portions of delta by beta sequences, whereas in descent of Primates epsilon, gamma and eta mostly retained their separate ancient identities predating the radiation of Eutheria in all their exons and non-coding regions. The loci of the ancestral beta-globin gene cluster in basal eutherians and proto-primates, as deduced from beta-clusters representing the four eutherian orders, were linked 5' epsilon-gamma-eta-delta-beta-3' with epsilon, gamma and eta being embryonically expressed genes, and delta and beta ontogenetically later expressed genes. Through deletions gamma was lost in artiodactyl evolution, eta in lagomorph and rodent evolution, and all DNA between exon 2 3' boundaries of eta and delta in prosimian lemuriform evolution (lemur having the hybrid pseudogene psi eta delta). Simian primates retained intact the five loci of the ancestral cluster. Not only did eta, after it became a pseudogene in the basal primates, persist intact in descent to present-day simians but in the line to hominoids it evolved during the last 40 million years at the decelerated rate of 1 X 10(-9) substitutions/site per year which is one-fifth the expected neutral rate. The possibility is suggested that the psi eta locus situated between fetal and adult chromosomal domains of the simian beta-globin gene cluster might play some role in a mechanism for ontogenetic switches of globin gene expression. However, not enough sequence data on genes and intergenic regions in DNA of species of primates and other mammals as yet exist to know if the slow rate of 1 X 10(-9) reflects the rate of a conserved functional gene or primarily reflects a decelerated neutral rate of hominoid DNA evolution, conceivably from enhanced DNA repair and longer generation times in hominoids. The further possibility is raised that gene correction (repair of damaged DNA that prevents emergence of new alleles) and gene conversion both more often involve strand copying of conserved than of rapidly evolving DNA. PMID- 6527391 TI - Lack of promotive effect of quercetin on methylazoxymethanol acetate carcinogenesis in rats. AB - Promoting effect of quercetin in the intestinal tract was examined in Sprague Dawley strain rats. The rats were injected with methylazoxymethanol acetate (MAM) in saline solution at 25 mg/kg body weight once a week for 3 weeks and fed a diet containing 1% quercetin for the following 459 days. Most tumors found in this experimental group were also found in the group injected with MAM alone and there was no significant difference in tumor incidence between these two groups. No tumors were found in the group fed the 1% quercetin diet alone. Thus, quercetin was shown to lack of promoting activity on MAM-induced intestinal carcinogenesis in Sprague-Dawley rats. PMID- 6527392 TI - Allopurinol toxicity: its toxic organ-specificity between the liver and the kidney in the rat. AB - In this study, allopurinol toxicity was investigated in the liver and the kidney in the rat. Allopurinol was intraperitoneally administered to rats, once a day, for 1, 3 or 10 days, in doses of 3, 10, 30 and 100 mg/kg body weight/day. At the 24th hour after the last administration, the rat was sacrificed, and blood and tissue samples were taken for analyses. In doses of 30 mg/kg/day and more, decreases of the body weight and the liver weight were observed, while the kidney weight increased. The plasma activities of alkaline phosphatase, glutamic oxaloacetic and glutamic pyruvic transaminases showed no increases, while the blood urea nitrogen and creatinine increased. These changes were the most remarkable in the 3 day administration, whereas they approached the control level thereafter. In doses of 10 mg/kg/day and less, no significant changes were observed in comparison to the control. These results denote that the minimal toxic dose ranges between 10 and 30 mg/kg/day, and that the kidney is more sensitive than the liver. In addition, these results also denote that the renal and hepatic failures are reversively restored even when allopurinol is further administered later than the 3 day. This fact suggests not only that the capacity inactivating allopurinol in the body is increased, but also that the enzymatic induction in the allopurinol inactivation system is accelerated. PMID- 6527393 TI - [Chronic toxicity study of AC-1370 sodium, an antibiotics, intravenously administered in rats]. AB - A study on chronic toxicity of AC-1370 sodium (AC) in addition to recovery from its toxicity, was carried out using the rat. AC was administered to the rat through the tail vein in doses of 30, 100, 300 and 1000 mg/kg body weight/day, with the periods for administration and recovery being 26 and 13 weeks, respectively. The results obtained from the present study were as follows. In each group, neither death case nor fatal damage was observed throughout the whole process. In the group of 1000 mg/kg, the below findings were observed in one or both sexes: suppression in increase of body weight, increases in drunk amount of water, urinary volume and urinary excretions of electrolytes, degeneration in renal tubules and several correlated changes, tendency of anemia, changes in serum biochemical tests, and changes in each organ weight. In the group of 300 mg/kg, the above findings were observed slightly in comparison to the group of 1000 mg/kg. In the groups of 100 and 30 mg/kg, any changes suggesting the damages were not observed. In the recovery test, the group of 1000 mg/kg was found to be incompletely restored from the damages, with the partially residual damages being shown. In contrast, the group of 300 mg/kg showed to be almost restored from the damages. These results denotes that the maximal non-toxic dose of AC in this study is 100 mg/kg/day in long-term administration. PMID- 6527394 TI - [Effects of sodium iodate, iodoacetic acid and ethambutol on electroretinogram and visual evoked potential in rats]. AB - The effects of sodium iodate (SI), iodoacetic acid (IAA) and ethambutol (EB) on the electroretinogram (ERG) and the visual evoked potential (VEP) were examined in unrestrained rats. A single intravenous dose of SI at 25 mg/kg caused depression of amplitudes of the ERG a-wave and oscillatory potentials 24 hrs after dosing. Following these changes, the amplitude of the ERG b-wave decreased. The depression of the VEP was observed in parallel with the depression in amplitude of the ERG. A single intravenous dose of IAA, even at a dose of 60 mg/kg which induced death of the rats, did not cause any significant abnormality in the ERG and VEP. Repeated subcutaneous dose of EB at 500 mg/kg/day depressed the amplitude of the P1-N1 wave and prolonged the peak latency of the P1 and N1 waves of the VEP without affecting the ERG after administration for 5 to 6 weeks. These abnormalities of the VEP appeared almost in parallel with ataxic gait. Neither gross behavioral changes suggesting visual disturbances nor abnormal ocular fundus was revealed in any rat receiving SI or EB even when marked depression of the ERG and/or VEP was observed. These results indicate that SI damages retinal function and EB does the conduction pathways from the retina to the visual cortex. In addition, the simultaneous recordings of both the ERG and VEP in unrestrained rats were found to be useful for evaluating the visual toxicity, and to furnish useful information on the site of toxic action of drugs. PMID- 6527395 TI - An enzyme-linked immunoassay for detection of North American pit viper venoms. AB - We describe a method for immunodetection of North American pit viper venoms in clinical materials. Antibody-enzyme conjugates prepared against venoms of the western diamondback rattlesnake (Crotalus atrox), Mojave rattlesnake (Crotalus scutulatus), and copperhead (Agkistrodon contortrix) detect homologous venoms in concentrations of 0.1-.01 mcg/ml using a double antibody sandwich technique. Venoms of 10 additional species of U.S. pit vipers were detected in concentrations of 10 mcg/ml or less. Venoms of 4 species could not be detected at levels likely to be encountered in clinical situations. There are extensive cross reactions between venoms of certain species, hence specific identification of a given venom cannot always be made. Venom usually can be detected at injection sites of experimental animals receiving intramuscular doses of 0.5-1.5 mg of venom but can rarely be detected in urine or plasma specimens. Venom was readily detected in specimens from experimental animals bitten by pit vipers of 6 species. The method is relatively rapid, simple, and inexpensive. PMID- 6527396 TI - Occupational exposure to chlorophenates: toxicology and respiratory effects. AB - We have identified 71 chlorophenate-exposed sawmill workers as part of a group undergoing an extensive health and environmental evaluation in a pulp mill. We have compared this group with a group (351) with no physical proximity to the area in which chlorophenates were used. We demonstrated a gradient of exposure from 230 ppb in urine and 919 ppb in serum for those directly handling the contaminated wood, to 139 ppb in urine and 354 ppb in serum for those working in the area but not in manual contact as compared with serum levels of 84 ppb in the unexposed group. We noted that the bulk chemical was primarily in the tetrachloro form but the serum levels contained more pentachlorophenate. The urine proportions were intermediate, approximating the bulk chemical proportions at the lower levels of exposure. We did not find an excess prevalence of respiratory symptoms or spirometric abnormalities which could be explained by the chlorophenate exposure. PMID- 6527397 TI - Parameters for the adsorption of thallium ions by activated charcoal and Prussian blue. AB - Activated charcoal and Prussian blue are effective antidotes in acute thallium (T1+) intoxication in rats. They act by trapping any metal present in or secreted into the gut by the gastro-intestinal epithelium. It was therefore of interest to determine the parameters of the Langmuir adsorption isotherms of T1+ ions for these two adsorbents. The data from equilibration experiments were analyzed by direct least-squares fitting to a hyperbola and with Langmuir's equation to give the following results: Activated charcoal: K1(-1) = 192 micrograms ml-1, K2 = 124 mg g-1 Prussian Blue: K1(-1) = 130 micrograms ml-1, K2 = 72 mg g-1. These high values provide in vitro confirmation of their in vivo antidotal efficacy and show that activated charcoal can replace Prussian blue when this latter drug is unobtainable. PMID- 6527398 TI - Charcoal hemoperfusion in the treatment of two cases of acute carbamazepine poisoning. AB - Charcoal hemoperfusion is effective in the treatment of acute carbamazepine (CBZ) poisoning, its efficacy depending on the metabolic capacity of the patient involved. This was assessed in two cases of CBZ poisoning in which CBZ and its metabolite carbamazepine-10,11-epoxide (CBZO) were monitored. One patient had not been treated with CBZ or other enzyme-inducing drugs before the overdose ingestion. The CBZO/CBZ plasma concentration ratio of this patient was 0.15 +/- 0.01 (mean +/- s.d.), indicating a normal metabolic capacity. The average clearance values obtained with the Haemocol were 85 ml/min for CBZ and 81 ml/min for CBZO. The other patient had been on long-term treatment with anticonvulsive drugs before. The CBZO/CBZ ratio was 1.58 +/- 0.16, indicating a high metabolic capacity and, consequently, a high intrinsic clearance. The average clearances obtained with the Adsorba 300 C were 129 ml/min for CBZ and 133 ml/min for CBZO. Saturation of a charcoal column can occur during a four hours treatment, in particular if the plasma CBZO concentration is high. CBZ and CBZO were also monitored in erythrocytes. The erythrocyte/plasma concentration ratios of CBZ were 0.90 +/- 0.11 (mean +/- s.d.) and 1.36 +/- 0.10. CBZO was 30-40 per cent more concentrated in erythrocytes than was CBZ. The erythrocyte/plasma concentration ratios of CBZO were 1.36 +/- 0.10 and 1.80 +/- 0.23. PMID- 6527400 TI - Clinical features and management of nifedipine overdosage in a patient with renal insufficiency. AB - Overdosage with 280 mg nifedipine, verified by plasma nifedipine levels, led in a 23-year-old female patient with advanced renal insufficiency to features of marked vasodilation. Despite profound hypotension and preexisting anemia, tissue perfusion was adequately maintained. Neither cardiac conductance disturbances nor myocardial depression occurred. There was no evidence for major organ or organ system toxicity. The patient was successfully treated with intravenous calcium. Hemoperfusion did not significantly influence the clinical course. The recovery was uneventful. No late sequelae were observed. PMID- 6527399 TI - Acute diquat intoxication. Interest of its repeated determination in urine and the evaluation of renal proximal tubule integrity. AB - A 33-year old farmer ingested approximately 300 ml of a 20% solution of diquat along with about 80 mg flunitrazepam. The patient presented neurological (coma grade I), digestive (oro-pharyngeal erosions, ileus), hepatic (cytolysis), hematological (thrombopenia) and renal (tubular dysfunction) signs. Plasma creatinine did not exceed 1.22 mg/dl (upper normal value), but retinol binding protein level in urine (a marker of renal tubular dysfunction) reached a value of 337 mg/d (normal values less than 300 micrograms/d). Its level returned to normal value 18 days after the ingestion. Four hours after the poisoning, diquat level in blood amounted to 10.4 mg/l, but its level was below the detection limit (0.2 mg/l) 6 hours later. In urine, however, diquat was detected until day 13. The following therapy was applied: ventilation (FiO2:0.21), gastro-intestinal lavage, hemoperfusion, anti-oxidants and prolonged forced diuresis. The patient made an uneventful recovery. intestinal washout must be applied with caution since an ileus is a classical complication of diquat poisoning. Hemoperfusion was found to be of little value. The interest of prolonged application of forced diuresis is suggested by the detection of diquat in urine for about 2 weeks along with the presence of biological signs of renal tubular dysfunction. PMID- 6527401 TI - Hepatotoxicity due to disulfiram. PMID- 6527402 TI - Changes in antibiotic consumption in Japan during the past 40 years. PMID- 6527403 TI - [Pharmacokinetic studies of cefbuperazone in the field of gynecology]. AB - Cefbuperazone (CBPZ), a new cephamycin antibiotic, was studied for the distribution in the genital organs and the excretion to the pelvic dead space exudate by bioassay, and the following results were obtained. CBPZ was rapidly distributed into the various tissues by intravenous drip infusion of 0.5 g and 1.0 g for 1 hour. Those levels depended on serum levels and the ratios (tissue level/serum level) were about 15-25%. Obvious dose response between 0.5 g and 1.0 g of CBPZ was recognized for serum levels as well as tissue levels. Serum and tissue levels were respectively analyzed by two- and three-compartment open model. Consequently, the obtained simulation curve approximated to the observed results. The simulation curve and pharmacokinetic parameters by one-compartment open model were appropriate for CBPZ levels in the pelvic dead space exudate. PMID- 6527404 TI - [A vision of "zymophage"]. PMID- 6527405 TI - [Prognosis of long-term survivors of oral cancer treated with radiation]. AB - The prognosis after long-term survival was analyzed for 645 patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma treated primarily with radiotherapy. In contrast to the fact that the main cause of death within five years was related to the primary disease (92%), the estimated causes of death after five years were related to the primary disease in 22% and to other malignant tumors in 15%; this was particularly so in the middle age group (29%). As for the patients who showed local recurrence after long periods the possibility of radiation-induced cancer might be considered; however, it was difficult to distinguish radiation-induced cancer from late recurrence. PMID- 6527406 TI - [Clinicopathological study of breast cancers associated with other primary cancers]. AB - Thirty six cases of breast cancer associated with other primary cancer were found out among 1160 patients with primary breast cancer. They consisted of 6 synchronous combination and 30 metachronous, in which 23 were detected as the first lesion and 7 were the second. The other organs involved by cancer were the stomach (11), thyroid (9), colon or rectum (5), uterus (3), and others (8). Although the TNM stage of the breast cancer was mostly in stage I or II (91.6%), the prognosis was poor in the metachronous cases, depending on the nature of the second primary cancer. It is important to detect and treat a second primary cancer in the early stage. PMID- 6527407 TI - [A study of multiple primary cancers of the stomach and other organs]. AB - The incidence of associated synchronous or heterochronous malignant tumors in this series was 3.3% (21/633). These patients were found more in multiple cancer than single cancer of the stomach. A relatively high incidence of associated cancer of other organs was found with cancer of the large bowel and of the cervix in heterochronous cancer and cancer of the esophagus in synchronous tumors. The cumulative corrected 10-year survival rate of 15 cases of heterochronous tumors was 85.7%. On the other hand, six patients with synchronous tumor had more advanced cancer of other organs than gastric cancer, and four of them died due to cancer of other organs within two years. Both primaries should be found at the early stage and treated with curative surgery and/or radiotherapy. PMID- 6527408 TI - [Reoperation of recurrent gastric cancer--a comparative study of a resected and nonresected group]. AB - A retrospective study was made on 51 patients with recurrent gastric cancer following partial or subtotal gastrectomies during the past 17 years. Thirteen patients (25.5%) underwent resection of recurrent lesions, of which 12 were total resection of gastric remnant with combined removal of the distal pancreas, spleen, transverse colon and/or a part of the liver. The operative mortality rate was only 7.6%, and the one-year survival rate was 41.7%. There is a necessity for aggressive surgery in cases proved histologically to be stage I or II after the initial operation. The surgical procedure is not effective for stage III and IV patients, except for cases of local recurrence. PMID- 6527409 TI - [Squamous cell carcinoma of the breast--case report]. AB - A rare case of squamous cell carcinoma of the breast is presented. A 50 year-old female patient suffered from a painful tumor of the right breast 8 years prior to death. The histology of the resected mammary tumour revealed squamous cell carcinoma with an adenocarcinomatous feature in the minority. Malignancy developed in the left lung 5 years after the surgery and formed a huge mass including the pectoral muscle and esophagus. At autopsy, metastases were found in the pericardial sac and liver. Histologically, a prominent well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma element was identified in the lung, whereas an adenocarcinomatous figure was predominant in the other sites. PMID- 6527410 TI - [A case of so-called carcinosarcoma of the stomach]. AB - A 47-year-old man, whose chief complaint was massive hematoemesis, was underwent partial gastrectomy. The resected stomach revealed a large elevated tumor, Borrmann I type, measuring 4 X 3 X 2 cm, in the anterior wall of the body. Histologically, the major part of the tumor showed a sarcomatous structure, while the margin and some areas consisted of papillary or well differentiated adenocarcinoma, invading to the submucosa. The border between the two components was irregular and the two components intermixed with each other in some areas. In the sarcomatous area, there was no bone, cartilage or muscle. It was interesting that the metastatic lymph nodes disclosed a sarcomatous picture with teratomatous pattern and that immunocytochemically HCG was localized in some of the adenocarcinoma in the lymph node. PMID- 6527411 TI - [An autopsy case of epithelioid sarcoma in the pelvis]. AB - A case of epithelioid sarcoma in the pelvis of a 39-year-old married woman was reported. The histologic features of this tumor, which consisted of irregular shaped epithelioid cells and a few spindle-shape fibroblast-like cells with necrotizing foci, were quite similar to those in previous reports. The tumor invaded blood vessels, metastasized to lungs and produced death one year after it was first discovered. The literature was reviewed and no previously reported case of epithelioid sarcoma in the pelvis was not found. PMID- 6527412 TI - [A case of squamous cell carcinoma of the palm invading along the ulnar nerve]. PMID- 6527413 TI - [Lichen myxedematosus, I. Statistical studies on associated liver injury and successful treatment with melphalan]. PMID- 6527414 TI - [Dysplastic nevus: I: Clinical and histological findings]. PMID- 6527415 TI - [Studies on gastric emptying time in patients with liver cirrhosis by radioisotope technique]. PMID- 6527416 TI - [Meal-stimulated gastric acid secretion and gastrin release in patients with gastric or duodenal ulcer. A study by intragastric titration method]. PMID- 6527417 TI - [Studies on the effect of estrogen on the antibody response in PWM-stimulated lymphocytes of patients with primary biliary cirrhosis in vitro]. PMID- 6527418 TI - [Endotoxemia in various liver diseases and gram-negative septicemia using Limulus color test (LCT)]. PMID- 6527419 TI - [Pancreatic injury in primary biliary cirrhosis]. PMID- 6527420 TI - [Study on bile acid and lipid of gallbladder bile and gallstone in cases with calcium bilirubinate stones]. PMID- 6527421 TI - [A study of carcinoembryonic antigen levels in the bile of patients with carcinoma of pancreas and biliary system]. PMID- 6527422 TI - [Experimental studies on acute gastric mucosal lesions accompanied with acute pancreatitis]. PMID- 6527423 TI - [Influence of renal function on serum pancreatic secretory trypsin inhibitor concentration]. PMID- 6527424 TI - [A case of mesenteric panniculitis diagnosed before operation and cured by colostomy]. PMID- 6527425 TI - [A case of ischemic stricture of the small intestine associated with Buerger's disease]. PMID- 6527426 TI - [A case with pancreatic pseudocyst penetrating into the spleen]. PMID- 6527427 TI - [Renal hemodynamics in aminonucleoside nephrosis in rats]. PMID- 6527428 TI - [The significance of predominant IgM deposition in glomerular diseases]. PMID- 6527429 TI - [A solid phase direct radioimmunoassay for urinary thromboxane B2 and its clinical application]. PMID- 6527430 TI - [Intermediate form between membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis and acute glomerulonephritis]. PMID- 6527431 TI - [A long-term follow-up of a case of idiopathic membranous glomerulonephritis]. PMID- 6527432 TI - [A case of acute glomerulonephritis exhibiting very similar histopathological findings as dense deposit disease]. PMID- 6527433 TI - [Intermediate type of primary glomerulonephritis between mesangial proliferative and membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis]. PMID- 6527434 TI - [An ultrastructural study on experimental focal glomerular sclerosis]. PMID- 6527435 TI - [Serum apolipoprotein C-II and apolipoprotein E levels and their lipoprotein distributions in chronic hemodialysis]. PMID- 6527436 TI - [Pathogenesis of granulomatous glomerulonephritis in Wegener's granulomatosis]. PMID- 6527437 TI - [Surgical treatment of renal injury: study of 4 cases]. PMID- 6527438 TI - Binding sites of peanut agglutinin in mammalian retina. AB - Histochemical studies were carried out of the binding sites of a lectin, peanut agglutinin (PNA), in the mammalian retina, using lectin labeled with either fluorescein or horseradish peroxidase. In all mammalian species examined, monkey, pig, cat and rabbit, the cones were intensely labeled with the lectin but the rods were unlabeled. The cone synaptic pedicles, the inner synaptic layer, the internal limiting membrane and the retinal vessels were also labeled. It is suggested from the specificity of the PNA binding that galactosyl and/or galactosaminyl residues are present in the mammalian cones, but not in the rods. PMID- 6527439 TI - Comparison of intraocular irrigating solutions used for pars plana vitrectomy and prevention of endothelial cell loss. AB - We performed a prospective study of corneal endothelial cell loss following pars plana vitrectomy. Two different intraocular irrigating solutions were used, and the anterior capsule of the lens was removed when performing lensectomy. The central corneal endothelium was photographed with a specular microscope before and at three months after vitrectomy. Endothelial cell loss was calculated using a computer-assisted digitizer. In the 16 aphakic eyes, lactated Ringer's solution caused a significantly greater cell loss (31.1%) with resultant corneal edema when compared to BSS Plus (6.9%). All of the 17 phakic eyes showed minimal cell loss (1.0%) as well as corneal changes regardless of the kind of irrigating solution used. The results suggest that the absence of the lens is a salient factor in corneal endothelial damage during vitrectomy, and that the composition of the intraocular solution used is closely related to this endothelial damage. PMID- 6527440 TI - Corneal arcus in Japanese family with type IIa hyperlipoproteinemia. AB - We examined ophthalmologically five affected members of a family with type IIa hyperlipoproteinemia. All of them had increased levels of cholesterol and low density lipoprotein. Corneal arcus was found in three of the five members; a 50 year-old man, a 43-year-old woman and a 13-year-old boy. We believe that the corneal arcus begins at around 10 years of age in untreated type IIa hyperlipoproteinemia. Detection of corneal arcus at an early age is important to reduce cardiovascular complication in this disorder. PMID- 6527441 TI - Relative roles of upper and lower lacrimal canaliculi in normal tear drainage. AB - A total of 88 cases of impaction of the eyelash into the lacrimal punctum were collected from 34,256 outpatients, and 39 cases of lash impaction into the Meibomian gland duct were found among 30,456 outpatients. Observations of these patients were analyzed to find the relative roles of the upper and lower lacrimal canaliculi in the normal tear drainage. In the cases of the Meibomian gland duct, the impaction occurred at a similar incidence in the upper and lower eyelids. However, in the cases of the punctum, the upper punctum was affected about three times more frequently than the lower punctum. The impaction of the eyelashes probably occurred at about the same rate in both puncta, but the present results suggested that the lashes in the lower punctum disappeared more easily into the drainage system than the lashes in the upper punctum. The lower canaliculus should, therefore, play the major role in normal tear drainage. PMID- 6527442 TI - Water flow in Tenon's capsule and subconjunctival tissue of rabbit. AB - The mode of water flow in the Tenon's capsule and the subconjunctival tissue was studied in the rabbit. Carbon-black ink injected under the Tenon's capsule was found to move along the plane of the capsule posteriorly toward the optic nerve sheath and also along the direction of the corneal limbus, but a very little amount moved through the layers of the capsule. The flow rates of physiological saline through the capsule were determined under various hydrostatic pressures, and the water flow conductivity through the capsule averaged 8.8 +/- 5.5 X 10( 12) cm4 dyne-1 sec-1 in 7 eyes. The Tenon's capsule offered a considerable resistance to water flow through its layers. The upper conjunctiva was dissected to the limbus and the wound was closed 1) after subconjunctival injection of saline and 2) after injection of concentrated sodium hyaluronate. One month later, a needle connected to a saline reservoir was inserted into the subconjunctival tissue of the treated area and the rate of water flow into the tissue was determined under various hydrostatic pressures. The results were compared with those in the normal eye. The water flow rate was significantly less in the treated eye than in the normal eye. The eyes treated with sodium hyaluronate tended to show a higher flow rate than those treated with saline. Histological examinations revealed that an intensive scar formation took place in the dissected area, indicating that scar formation greatly reduces water flow in the Tenon's capsule and subconjunctival tissue. PMID- 6527443 TI - Clinical classification of after-cataract following planned extracapsular cataract extraction. AB - A total of 100 eyes underwent planned extracapsular cataract extraction and were followed more than three months with a mean follow-up period of 12 +/- 8 months. After-cataract was found in 72 eyes. The after-cataract was classified by slit lamp microscopy into two types, the remnant type and the proliferative type. The former type was due to remains of the lens materials and was present immediately after the surgery: this type was divided into veil-like and Soemmering forms. The proliferative type developed after a period following surgery and was divided into fibrous form and Elschnig form. The fibrous form was thought to be due to fibrous proliferation of the lens epithelial cells, since it was seen at or to originate from the sites of adhesion of the anterior and posterior capsules. The Elschnig form consisted of Elschnig's pearls and was divided into progressive and localized subforms. The former subform was seen more frequently in young patients than the latter subform. The incidences of the above types and forms of the after cataract were determined. Impairment of the visual acuity due to after-cataract was seen in the proliferative type and was found in 7 eyes. A fluorophotometric study to evaluate the function of the blood-aqueous barrier was carried out in 7 patients with the presence of after-cataract and in 11 patients with no or subtle after-cataract. No difference was found in the barrier function between the two groups. PMID- 6527444 TI - Potentiation of KCl-induced vasoconstriction by saponin treatment in isolated canine mesenteric arteries. PMID- 6527445 TI - Calcitonin-induced analgesia: an unusual hormone specificity. PMID- 6527446 TI - [Surgical treatment of annuloaortic ectasia and aneurysm of the abdominal aorta in Marfan's syndrome]. PMID- 6527447 TI - [Case of surgical treatment of aorto-pulmonary window]. PMID- 6527448 TI - [Surgical treatment of type I dissecting aneurysm combined with annuloaortic ectasia]. PMID- 6527449 TI - [Surgical treatment of impending rupture of aneurysm of the aortic arch using permanent bypass graft: a case report]. PMID- 6527450 TI - [Cryosurgical ablation of Kent bundle in Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome]. PMID- 6527451 TI - [A case of one-stage operation of postpneumonectomy empyema]. PMID- 6527452 TI - [Surgical management of ruptured dissecting aneurysm into pleural cavity]. PMID- 6527453 TI - [A case of aortoplasty for supravalvular aortic stenosis associated with Williams syndrome]. PMID- 6527455 TI - [Abstracts of papers presented at the 26th annual meeting of the Japan Society of Smooth Muscle Research (I)]. PMID- 6527454 TI - [Ascending aortic flow pattern and regurgitation rate in aortic insufficiency]. PMID- 6527456 TI - [Renal stone surgery using coagulum reduces residual stones and true recurrence]. PMID- 6527457 TI - [A study of changes of the ureteral peristaltic rate and the bolus volume in increasing urine flow]. PMID- 6527458 TI - [Experimental study on the micturition mechanism. The role of the pudendal nerve on the dynamics of micturition in the decerebrated dog]. PMID- 6527459 TI - [The role of mechanical stimuli in rat bladder carcinogenesis. Regenerative hyperplasia of rat urinary bladder urothelium after transurethral fulguration]. PMID- 6527460 TI - [24 cases of childhood urolithiasis]. PMID- 6527462 TI - [A new modified catheter for transurethral insertion of a needle electrode into the external urethral sphincter]. PMID- 6527461 TI - [Urinary N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase activity in patients with urinary tract diseases--the 1st report]. PMID- 6527463 TI - [Pathological study of renal cell carcinoma--significance of nuclear morphologic grade in prognosis]. PMID- 6527464 TI - [Contralateral adrenal metastasis in renal cell carcinoma]. PMID- 6527465 TI - [Pediatric vesicoureteral reflux with pathophysiology of clinical interest: report of 2 cases]. PMID- 6527466 TI - Interbreeding and fecundity of a single pair of two strains of Trichinella spiralis in mice. PMID- 6527467 TI - [Early and late results of the implantation of mitral valve prostheses]. PMID- 6527468 TI - [Diagnostic value of type M echocardiography and two-dimensional echocardiography in qualifying patients with mitral valve stenosis for surgical treatment]. PMID- 6527469 TI - [Surgical treatment for rupture of an extensive left-ventricular aneurysm in the area of the interventricular septum in acute myocardial infarction]. PMID- 6527470 TI - Effect of antibody charge and concentration on deposition of antibody to glomerular basement membrane. AB - Fixed anionic sites within the glomerular capillary wall influence the permeation of serum proteins, the localization of various antigens, and the deposition of antibody in the subepithelial space. In anti-GBM nephritis antibody deposition occurs very rapidly to antigenic sites located relatively proximal in the glomerular capillary wall. We examined the influence of the glomerular charge barrier on anti-GBM antibody deposition by comparing the rate of deposition of antibodies with cationic and anionic isoelectric points. Purified sheep anti-rat GBM IgG was isolated from acid eluates of kidneys obtained 24 hr after rats were injected with sheep antiserum to rat GBM. Anti-GBM IgG was separated into cationic (pI 6.4-8.5) and anionic (pI 4.2-6.8) fractions, which were radiolabelled with 131I and 125I, respectively, shown to have equal antibody contents measured by in vitro binding to normal glomeruli, mixed in equal amounts, and injected in incremental doses to ten rats. At 1 hr the glomerular antibody binding of each fraction was directly related to the blood level (r = 0.95, r = 0.97) and delivery of antibody (r = 0.98, r = 0.98). Glomerular binding of cationic antibody was four times greater than anionic antibody over the entire range of deliveries studied (P less than 0.001). We conclude that glomerular deposition of anti-GBM antibody is directly related to blood concentration and delivery of antibody. Furthermore, the deposition of cationic antibodies to GBM antigens was significantly greater than the deposition of anionic antibodies. The charge-selective glomerular filtration barrier may be an important determinant of the quantity and subclass composition of anti-GBM IgG deposits in glomeruli, and therefore of the severity of tissue injury produced. PMID- 6527471 TI - Relative contribution of intrinsic lung dysfunction and hypoventilation to hypoxemia during hemodialysis. AB - Two mechanisms have been proposed to explain hemodialysis (HD)-induced hypoxemia: reversible lung damage due to intrapulmonary leukostasis as a consequence of the contact of blood with the dialyzer membrane, or alveolar hypoventilation due to the loss of carbon dioxide through the dialyzer. To assess the role of these factors, seven chronically uremic patients were studied before and during 4-hr HD sessions using a cuprophane membrane and either acetate (AHD) or bicarbonate (BHD) dialysate. In AHD only we observed, by comparison with predialysis values, a significant hypoxemia, and a decrease of alveolar ventilation (VA), lung carbon dioxide output, and respiratory exchange ratio. In both the AHD hypoxemic group and BHD nonhypoxemic group, there was a similar decrease in lung carbon dioxide diffusing capacity (DLCO) and of white blood cells (WBC), and a positive correlation between arterial oxygen pressure and VA without modification of alveolo arterial PO2 difference, an argument against the existence of ventilation perfusion or ventilation-diffusion mismatching. We conclude that, although WBC sequestration induced a lung damage evidenced by DLCO impairment, the key factor of hypoxemia observed in AHD was the hypoventilation. PMID- 6527473 TI - Osmotic activity of dimethyl sulfoxide in the renal distal tubule. PMID- 6527472 TI - Serum ferritin as a guide for iron stores in chronic hemodialysis patients. AB - The serum ferritin (SF) level was measured in 58 chronic hemodialysis (CHD) patients (46 living and 12 deceased subjects) and compared to bone marrow iron concentrations, cytological bone marrow iron stores (BMIS), and histological BMIS. In the 12 deceased subjects, liver iron concentrations, histological liver parenchymal, and Kupffer cell iron stores were also studied. The mean SF level of the whole group was 302 +/- 251 ng/ml (mean +/- SD). No close relationship was found between transferrin saturation and cytological BMIS. A high correlation was found between SF level and cytological BMIS (Spearman rank rs = 0.74). In the deceased CHD patients a close correlation was observed between histological parenchymal liver iron stores and histological Kupffer cell iron stores, but not between liver and bone marrow iron stores. A good correlation was found between SF levels and liver iron concentrations. It is concluded that in CHD patients SF levels are higher than in healthy controls, even in the absence of iron therapy (except in the form of blood transfusions); in some of these patients iron is disproportionately stored in the bone marrow and the liver. Although the level of BMIS cannot be estimated unequivocally from an SF measurement in every CHD patient, SF levels provide useful estimates of BMIS. PMID- 6527475 TI - [Scoliosis in infancy and early childhood]. PMID- 6527474 TI - The articulations of Adam's rib with the lower urinary tract. PMID- 6527476 TI - [Antithrombin V as an unusual complication in ulcerative colitis]. PMID- 6527478 TI - [Personal therapeutic attitude in pleural empyema]. PMID- 6527477 TI - [Problems in the introduction of the rooming-in system]. PMID- 6527479 TI - Infectivity assay and neutralization test for influenza viruses in microplate cultures of a swine kidney cell line (SK-K). PMID- 6527480 TI - A morphological study on the concave contour of the auricle of domestic mammals. PMID- 6527482 TI - Mucormycotic meningoencephalitis in a ferret (case report). PMID- 6527483 TI - [Effect of halothane mask anesthesia on respiration, acid-base metabolism and blood gases in young children]. PMID- 6527481 TI - Ultrastructural observations of rat lung exposed to nitrogen dioxide for 7 months. PMID- 6527484 TI - [Minor liver insufficiency in hepatic echinococcosis]. PMID- 6527485 TI - [Resuscitation of children in a toxico-septic state with pulmonary complications and surgical pathology]. PMID- 6527486 TI - [Anesthesiologic and therapeutic problems in surgical patients with concomitant hyperthyroidism]. PMID- 6527487 TI - [X-ray changes after surgery for an interatrial defect in adults]. PMID- 6527488 TI - [Echinococcosis of the heart and pericardium]. PMID- 6527489 TI - [Intraoperative macroscopic characteristics of hypoplasia of the bronchopulmonary system]. PMID- 6527490 TI - [Echinococcosis of the skeletal musculature]. PMID- 6527491 TI - [Pancreatic fistulae]. PMID- 6527492 TI - [Our experience in treating a perforated pyloroduodenal ulcer by pyloroplasty]. PMID- 6527493 TI - [2 cases of splenic cysts in childhood]. PMID- 6527494 TI - [Intraoperative microbiological study of the bile in gallbladder and biliary tract diseases]. PMID- 6527495 TI - [Acute cholelithic mechanical ileus of the small intestine]. PMID- 6527496 TI - [The polyp-cancer relationship in carcinoma of the large intestine]. PMID- 6527497 TI - [Tumors of the single kidney following nephrectomy]. PMID- 6527498 TI - [A rare case of acute gallbladder torsion]. PMID- 6527499 TI - [Undiagnosed and complicated acute appendicitis leading to obstruction of the signal functioning kidney]. PMID- 6527500 TI - [Case of a papillary carcinoma of the kidney in a 14-year-old youth]. PMID- 6527501 TI - [Benign ulcer of the cecum combined with lipomas]. PMID- 6527502 TI - [Long-term results following goniotomy in congenital glaucoma]. AB - Between 1961 and 1983, 544 goniotomies were performed at the Department of Ophthalmology of the University of Hamburg and Bremen General Hospital. Of these 227 were performed in 130 eyes with congenital glaucoma between 1961 and 1983. Pressure regulation was achieved in 72% of the eyes examined 3-22 years postoperatively. The prognosis is not related to the preoperative corneal diameter or IOP, but the patient's age at the first goniotomy is of prognostic importance. Very poor results are achieved in cases of manifestation during the first 2 months of life. Of the regulated eyes, 56% achieved a visual acuity of over 0.4. If only one eye is affected, visual acuity attained is poorer. Results of surgical techniques and methods of goniotomy are compared and discussed. PMID- 6527503 TI - [Treatment of malignant melanomas of the uvea with 106-ruthenium applicators. Report on the first 100 Essen cases]. AB - The results of treatment of the first 100 patients with uveal melanomas treated with 106-Ruthenium applicators in Essen are presented. The mean follow-up period was 2 years; 80 of the patients presented with choroidal melanomas and 20 with melanomas of the ciliary body. Five of the 100 patients had metastatic disease originating from the primary uveal melanoma. Compared to 60-cobalt therapy, therapeutic results are similar in terms of tumor regression, but the incidence of complications was significantly lower. In 16 patients the eye with the tumor had to be removed, because of tumor growth (12), neovascular glaucoma (3), and vitreous hemorrhage (1). Visual acuity did not decrease in 20% of the cases treated. In the light of our results 106-Ruthenium therapy seems to be a reliable method of tumor treatment in tumors with a maximum prominence not exceeding 8 mm. PMID- 6527504 TI - [Eye symptoms in hypophyseal adenomas, craniopharyngiomas and meningiomas of the anterior and middle cranial fossa]. AB - Among 181 inpatients suffering from pituitary adenoma, craniopharyngioma, or meningioma of the anterior or middle cranial fossa, 112 had ocular symptoms initially or during the course of the disease. Patients' histories were analyzed with regard to ophthalmological, neurological, and radiological diagnostic procedures carried out, and the conclusions drawn from these. Initial symptoms and signs were often misinterpreted and appropriate investigations consequently delayed. The mean duration of the history was 2.67 years (0-13 years) for the pituitary adenomas, 1.44 years (3 months-6 years) for the craniopharyngiomas and 3.73 years (1 month-24 years) for the meningiomas. Typical initial eye symptoms were progressive loss of vision with or without optic nerve atrophy, visual field defects, extraocular nerve palsies, and exophthalmus, the last two occurring if parasellar extension of the tumor was present. Plain skull X-rays were abnormal in nearly all cases of pituitary adenomas, but the incidence of abnormalities was less frequent with cases of craniopharyngiomas and meningiomas. The tumor was demonstrated by computerized tomography in all cases of pituitary adenomas, in 5 out of 6 cases with craniopharyngiomas and, where the examination was performed before and after administration of contrast medium, in all cases of meningiomas. Introduction of CT, however, shortened the duration of the history only in the meningioma group; the mean dropped from 4.38 years to 3.04 years. The chance of achieving a cure by surgical intervention lessened with both increasing length of history and tumor size. Out of 90 patients (15.6%) operated on, 14 died in the postoperative period. Vision improved postoperatively in only 26 patients whereas it remained unchanged or decreased further in 40 patients. In 10 cases there were no postoperative data available. These results emphasize the necessity of making an early diagnosis. This can nearly always be achieved if a careful clinical examination and adequate additional diagnostic procedures are carried out. PMID- 6527505 TI - [Silicone oil injection in the treatment of complicated retinal detachments]. AB - Silicone oil injection was used in the treatment of 300 selected cases of complicated retinal detachment (after PVR, trauma, giant tears, macular holes, proliferative diabetic retinopathy) and in 7 prephthisical eyes. The anatomical and visual results are analyzed in a retrospective study. Total or partial reattachment was seen in 52% and 27% of the cases reexamined one year postoperatively. At least a navigating visual acuity was achieved in 54%. The results in the different indication groups are discussed. The silicone oil injection was performed after mobilization of the retina by means of pars plana vitrectomy and periretinal surgery. PMID- 6527506 TI - [Drug therapy of chronic glaucoma with pilocarpine gel]. AB - In an open clinical trial including 19 patients with chronic open-angle glaucoma, the efficacy, duration of action and tolerance of pilocarpine gel were investigated over a treatment period of a 4 weeks on the basis of one application once a day. The vehicle of pilocarpine gel is a highly viscous, cross-linked, hydrophilic polyacrylic acid which renders prolonged release of pilocarpine hydrochloride 4%, and for this reason insures a prolonged duration of action. After single-dose application pilocarpine gel caused a significant lowering of IOP over at least 18 hours, with a relative potency in the range of 23% of 31% on the first day of treatment, and between 13% and 25% on the 29th day of treatment. As the time interval following the preceding pilocarpine-gel application increased, there was a slight but significant rise in the treated pressure level, although therapeutic pressure levels were not exceeded. In the course of the 4 weeks of treatment, there was a small but significant decrease in response, which can be explained by a certain type of subsensitivity caused by the prolonged release of the active drug. The tolerance of pilocarpine gel was good; side effects were minor and reversible. These results fulfill the expectations of the glaucoma therapists with respect to both efficacy and tolerance. PMID- 6527507 TI - [Aniseikonia in unilateral pseudophakia]. AB - The authors report on a study of 20 patients (average age 56 years) with postoperative visual acuity of more than 0.8 in each eye. The patients had all undergone surgery for unilateral cataract with implantation of a posterior chamber lens. The aniseikonia was measured subjectively, and determined objectively by mathematical means. The quality of stereopsis was not influenced by the degree of aniseikonia (the maximum was 12.2%). The power of intraocular lenses for unilateral cataract should be chosen to produce not only slight aniseikonia but also minimal anisometropia. PMID- 6527508 TI - [Histopathologic study following optic keratoprosthesis. A case report]. AB - The authors present the case history of a patient in whom an optical keratoprosthesis was implanted after recurrent corneal ulcers in aphakia at the age of 80. The globe was examined histologically post mortem. A solid retroprosthetic membrane, a hemorrhage in the vitreous and retinal detachment after trauma were found to be the causes of the visual disorder. Wound healing following implantation of a keratoprosthesis is discussed in the light of the histopathological findings. PMID- 6527509 TI - [Results of operative couching of the lens (a study from Nepal)]. AB - In Southern Nepal 100 eyes were examined on which a couching operation (reclination of the lens) had been performed by "quacks". The postoperative period extended from 1 month to more than 10 years. At the time of the examination 42 eyes were found to be blind; 26 of these were still blind immediately after the operation or went blind again during the following 6 months. In the eyes in which vision was preserved throughout the first postoperative year, subsequent loss of vision was less than 10% a year. These surgical results may not appear desirable but they are at least acceptable considering that the couching had been performed in regions of Nepal where modern ophthalmic care is not yet available. PMID- 6527510 TI - [Clinical use of a simplified suction-irrigation system for extracapsular cataract extraction]. AB - This paper discusses the clinical application of a simplified irrigation aspiration system for extracapsular cataract extraction. This simplified apparatus represents a reasonably-priced alternative to the existing expensive and complicated systems. When the surgeon has gained sufficient practice in the use of this method it is a useful complement to the expensive electronic systems. PMID- 6527511 TI - Body build and composition variables as discriminators of sports participation of elite adolescent male athletes. PMID- 6527512 TI - Maximal aerobic power of French top level competitors. PMID- 6527514 TI - Power spectrum of electromyography in arm and leg muscles during isometric contractions and fatigue. PMID- 6527513 TI - The effect of speed of isokinetic exercise on training transfer to isometric strength in the quadriceps muscle. PMID- 6527515 TI - Distribution of sub-cutaneous fat in sportsmen: relationship to anaerobic power output. PMID- 6527516 TI - The effects of endurance training intensity on the anaerobic threshold. PMID- 6527517 TI - Maximal oxygen uptake of obese middle-aged women related to body composition and total body potassium. PMID- 6527518 TI - Histological changes in lungs at high altitude. PMID- 6527519 TI - A comparison of values for osmotic fragility of R.B.Cs and persistence test of athletes. PMID- 6527520 TI - Blood lactic acid values in boardsailors. PMID- 6527521 TI - The hemodynamic and physiologic differences between exercise modalities. PMID- 6527522 TI - Bronchial asthma in top athletes. PMID- 6527523 TI - Preexercise, exercise and early post exercise arterial blood pressure in young competitive swimmers versus non swimmers. PMID- 6527524 TI - Twelve weeks jogging effects on selected cardiovascular risk factors in untrained healthy males. PMID- 6527525 TI - Cardiospecific creatine kinase after strenuous exercise in female athletes. PMID- 6527526 TI - Teenage pregnancy trends for Tennessee. PMID- 6527528 TI - The personal appearance. PMID- 6527527 TI - EKG of the month. Heart block. PMID- 6527529 TI - Teenage pregnancy. PMID- 6527530 TI - Interaction of the antiestrogen [3H]H1285 with the two forms of the molybdate stabilized calf uterine estrogen receptor. AB - The high affinity antiestrogen [3H]H1285 bound to the cytosol calf uterine estrogen receptor dissociated very slowly (t 1/2 approx 30 h at 20 degrees C) and did not demonstrate a change in dissociation rate in the presence of molybdate, which is characteristic of [3H]estradiol-receptor complexes. [3H]H1285-Receptor complexes sediment at approx 6S on 5-20% sucrose density gradients containing 0.3M KCl with or without 10 mM molybdate. This is in contrast to [3H]estradiol receptor complexes which sedimented at approx 4.5S without molybdate and at approx 6S with molybdate. These results suggest a physicochemical difference in the estrogen receptor when occupied by antiestrogens versus estrogens. We recently reported that the cytoplasmic uterine estrogen receptor, when bound by estradiol and prepared in 10 mM molybdate, eluted from DEAE-Sephadex columns as Peak I (0.21 M KCl) & Peak II (0.25 M KCl). However, [3H]H1285 bound to the estrogen receptor eluted only as one peak at 0.21 M KCl, also suggesting that the initial interaction of antiestrogens with the estrogen receptor is different. We have extended these studies and report that H1285 can compete with [3H]estradiol for binding to both forms of the estrogen receptor and [3H]H1285 can bind to both forms if the unoccupied receptor is first separated by DEAE-Sephadex chromatography. However, if the receptor is first bound by unlabeled H1285, eluted from the column and post-labeled by exchange with [3H]estradiol, only one peak is measured. Thus, it appears that H1285 binding alters the properties of the receptor such that all receptor components seem to elute as one form. These partially purified [3H]H1285-receptor complexes obtained from DEAE-Sephadex columns sedimented as 5.5S in sucrose density gradients in contrast to the sedimentation values for the [3H]estradiol-receptor components eluting as Peak I (4.5S) and Peak II (6.3S). These differences in the physicochemical characteristics of the estrogen receptor when bound by estrogen versus antiestrogens may be related to some of the biological response differences induced by these ligands. PMID- 6527531 TI - Murine glucocorticoid receptors and the H-2 locus--a reappraisal. AB - It has been demonstrated that susceptibility to glucocorticoid-induced formation of cleft palate is regulated by the mouse histocompatibility complex (H-2). This has encouraged us to examine H-2 effects on glucocorticoid binding in tissues of adult animals which would provide sufficient material with which to study the biochemical mechanism of the H-2 effect. Although it has been reported that cytosol prepared from lungs of adult mice with a high susceptibility to steroid induced cleft palate formation have a higher level of glucocorticoid binding than lung cytosol prepared from a low-susceptibility strain, we are unable to demonstrate any influence of H-2 on binding capacity in this tissue from adult animals when glucocorticoid receptors are assayed in the presence of receptor reducing and stabilizing agents that maximize binding capacity. Cytosol prepared from rat liver contains an endogenous receptor-reducing system composed of NADPH and thioredoxin. It has also been reported that the murine H-2 complex contains a gene(s) that regulates the level of a modifier(s) in fetal hepatic cytosol that affects the binding of glucocorticoids to the receptor. Of two known low molecular weight modifiers that could account for this effect, we have previously established that the heat-stable, steroid receptor "modulator" is not regulated by the H-2 complex. In the present work we have assayed thioredoxin, a second potential modifier, in liver cytosols prepared from adults of two pairs of two H 2 congenic mouse strains. Our results show that the amount of thioredoxin is the same in all four mouse strains and that it is not regulated by the H-2 locus. At this time, we are unable to identify a system in adult mice in which the widely reported regulation of glucocorticoid binding by the mouse histocompatibility locus can be submitted to definitive biochemical study. PMID- 6527532 TI - Steroid interactions with cytochrome P-450 from testis microsomes. AB - The cytochrome P-450 of gonadal microsomes is an integral component of the steroid converting enzymes, 17 alpha-hydroxylase and 17,20-lyase. Interaction of the steroid substrates with this cytochrome results in a shift in the Soret band as measured by difference spectroscopy. In these studies it is shown that in contrast to placental microsomal cytochrome P-450 which binds C19 steroids, testis microsomal cytochrome P-450 primarily binds C21 steroids. However, addition of a 17 alpha- methyl, 17 beta-acetate or a 17 beta-benzoate group to testosterone permits interaction. The addition of hydroxyl or methyl groups to other positions does not affect binding. The presence of multiple oxygen functions on C21 steroids, as in cortisol and corticosterone, precludes interaction. At least one oxygen function seems necessary for binding as 5 alpha- and 5 beta-pregnane do not bind whereas 20-deoxypregnenolone (5-pregnen-3 beta ol) does bind. These findings indicate that factors in addition to hydrophobic interactions dictate the binding of steroid substrates to testis microsomal cytochrome P-450. PMID- 6527533 TI - Formation of imine derivatives between biologically occurring amines and oxo steroids. AB - Various biologically occurring amines have been shown to react with 3-oxo-17-oxo and 20-oxo-steroids during solvent evaporation at room temperature to form a complex pattern of products in each case. Using aliphatic monoamines it was shown that imine derivatives are first formed which rapidly rearrange into yet unidentified compounds. The extent of the overall transformation of the oxo steroid varied with the amine investigated. Thus histamine gave rise to a 95% conversion of 17 beta-hydroxy-4-androsten-3-one (testosterone), whereas epinephrine caused 5% transformation under the same conditions. Imine formation as an experimental error in studies on the biochemistry of steroids is suggested. PMID- 6527534 TI - Stimulation of estradiol production from estrone-3-sulfate by 5 alpha dihydrotestosterone in cultured human placental explants. AB - The effect of androgens on the conversion of estradiol (E2) and estrone (E1) from estrone-3-sulfate (E1-S) was studied in explants of normal human term placentas. Explants incubated in medium supplemented with 2.0 microM E1-S showed that 50 microM dihydrotestosterone (DHT) stimulated E2 production 15-fold above control values after 0.5h, but neither 50 microM methyltestosterone (MT) nor 50 microM diethylstilbestrol (DES) had any effect. HCG (5.0 i.u./ml), alone or in combination with one of the androgens, did not influence the E2 production. When the explants were incubated in medium with 0.25 microM E1-S (the average concentration reported for late pregnancy plasma), DHT (0.5-50 microM) caused a dose- and time-dependent increase in E2 production, while E1 production and the combined accumulation of E2 and E1 were slightly inhibited by all doses of DHT during the 0.5-4h incubation. When E1 (0.1 microM) was used as substrate, DHT caused a dramatic dose- and time-dependent shift in the E1-E2 equilibrium towards E2. The results indicate that during late pregnancy, a particular class of androgens may increase the production of the more bioactive E2 from the circulating E1-S; the mode of action may be an enhanced conversion of E1 to E2. PMID- 6527535 TI - Estrogen metabolism in rat liver microsomal and isolated hepatocyte preparations- II. Inhibition studies. AB - The abilities of various inhibitors and metabolism modifiers to alter the metabolism of estradiol and the irreversible binding of estradiol to proteins were examined in subcellular microsomal incubations and in intact hepatocyte preparations. In studies with rat liver microsomal preparations containing estradiol and an NADPH-generating system, the irreversible binding of radiolabeled steroid metabolite(s) to the microsomal proteins was 77.59 pmol/mg/min (SD 6.1; 7.6% of total steroid). 2-Bromoestradiol and 4 bromoestradiol, inhibitors of estrogen 2-hydroxylase, effectively decreased this irreversible binding of radiolabeled estradiol metabolite(s) to microsomal proteins to 17 pmol mg-1 min-1 (2.1% of total estradiol). These haloestrogens were also effective inhibitors in the intact hepatocyte cells, decreasing the amounts of organic metabolites, aqueous-soluble conjugates, and protein-bound materials. The HPLC radiochromatograms of the organic-extracted fractions from the 2 h hepatocyte incubations demonstrate that the catechol estrogen products, i.e. 2-hydroxyestrogens and 2-methoxyestrogens, were present in lower amounts in the incubations containing the bromoestrogens than in control incubations containing no inhibitor. Ascorbic acid and cysteine, general modifiers of oxidative pathways of metabolism, also affected estradiol metabolism in microsomal and hepatocyte preparations. Both these agents were able to decrease the irreversible binding of estradiol to proteins in the microsomal assays. Ascorbic acid decreased the general metabolism of estradiol in the hepatocyte incubations but did not decrease irreversible binding to proteins. The addition of cysteine to the hepatocyte incubation resulted in an increased metabolism of estradiol and the production of more aqueous-soluble radiolabeled metabolites than the control incubations; however, cysteine did not decrease the amounts of estradiol metabolite(s) irreversibly bound to proteins. Investigations of steroid metabolism in the isolated hepatocytes thus provide an effective in vitro technique for examining the overall oxidative, reductive, and conjugative pathways that are functional in the liver and enables one to investigate the abilities of inhibitors, regulators, and modifiers to affect the metabolic processes. Also, these hepatocyte studies demonstrate that the inhibitors of estrogen 2-hydroxylase, 2-bromoestradiol and 4-bromoestradiol, can enter and act in the intact cells. Consequently, these agents may be useful pharmacological probes for examining the functions of catechol estrogens in other tissues. PMID- 6527536 TI - The physicochemical nature of 37 degrees C cytoplasmic glucocorticoid receptors in HeLa S3 cells. AB - The physicochemical properties of size, shape and surface charge have been determined for the soluble fraction of cytoplasmic glucocorticoid receptors which are located in the HeLa S3 cell cytoplasm after incubation of whole cells with glucocorticoid at 37 degrees C. Under hypotonic buffer conditions approximately 80% of the total recovered [3H]triamcinolone acetonide receptor complexes sedimented through a 5-20% density gradients to the tube bottom, and approximately 90% eluted from a Sephacryl S-300 gel exclusion column in the void volume. Increasing the [KCl] of the buffer in the sucrose density gradients, and gel exclusion columns to 0.15 M caused a reduction in the percentage of this large aggregate to approximately 64% and approximately 75%, respectively. Further increases in the [KCl] during analysis to 0.4 M reduced the percentage of rapidly sedimenting receptors to approximately 62%, and shifted the sedimentation coefficient of the slower sedimenting receptors from approximately 5.2 S to 3.9 S. These conditions also decreased the fraction of receptor in the void volume of gel exclusion columns to 67%. Ion exchange analysis of receptor binding to DEAE cellulose, hydroxylapatite, phosphocellulose, and DNA cellulose revealed heterogenous populations of receptor species; comprising both "unactivated" and "activated" receptor forms. The ratios of unactivated/activated receptors was highly dependent on the matrix employed and differed substantially among those evaluated. For example, by the criteria of DEAE cellulose and phosphocellulose chromatography approximately 60% of the total 37 degrees C cytoplasmic receptors were in the "activated" state. A large fraction of these receptors, however, failed to bind to DNA cellulose. These results demonstrate that the glucocorticoid receptors which remain in the HeLa S3 cytoplasm at 37 degrees C do not bind to ion exchange materials, which are used as indexes of receptor "activation," in a uniform manner. We hypothesize that the diminished DNA binding capability of these receptors accounts for their cellular localization in the HeLa S3 cell cytoplasm at 37 degrees C. PMID- 6527537 TI - Identification of 24-hydroxycholesterol in bovine adrenals in both free and esterified forms and in bovine brains as its sulfate ester. AB - 24-Hydroxycholesterol was found to be present in bovine adrenals in a concentration of 2-3 micrograms/kg and in larger amounts (10-12 micrograms/kg) as a saponifiable ester. No solvolyzable sulfate ester was detected. In bovine brains, however, the sulfate ester of this sterol was found in a concentration of 84 micrograms/kg. A procedure for the synthesis of [7-3H] 24S-hydroxycholesterol is described. PMID- 6527538 TI - Effects of serial hormone treatments on egg white protein synthesis. Further evidence of translational regulation. AB - The administration of either progesterone or estrogen to withdrawn chicks several hours after a first dose of estrogen affected ovalbumin synthesis differently than its mRNA levels [S. S. Seaver (1981) J. steroid Biochem. 14, 949-957]. This suggested that the hormones were regulating the translation of ovalbumin directly. In this paper we report that serial hormone treatments also affect the rates of synthesis of two other egg white proteins, conalbumin and ovomucoid. When progesterone was administered 4 h after estrogen, conalbumin synthesis decreased. When either progesterone or a second dose of estrogen was administered 12 h after the first dose of estrogen, conalbumin synthesis increased. Serial hormone treatments did not always affect all three proteins similarly. At later times, administering progesterone after estrogen decreased ovomucoid synthesis but did not affect conalbumin or ovalbumin synthesis. To determine if the serial hormone treatments affect egg white protein mRNA's in a similar way, changes in ovalbumin and conalbumin mRNA levels were quantified in a rabbit reticulocyte cell-free translation system and were compared to changes in ovalbumin and conalbumin synthesis as measured in chick oviduct tissue minces. When serial hormone treatments were 12 h apart, ovalbumin and conalbumin synthesis was 50 300% higher than that predicted by the changes in ovalbumin or conalbumin mRNA levels. This is further evidence that translation of both conalbumin mRNA and ovalbumin mRNA is directly regulated by steroid hormones. PMID- 6527539 TI - High affinity cytosol binding site(s) for antiestrogens in two human breast cancer cell lines and in biopsy specimens devoid of estrogen receptors. AB - It is known from previous investigations by other authors that the non-steroidal molecule Tamoxifen competes for estradiol binding sites in target tissues and displays partial agonist-antagonist effects. It is able to bind a cytosol protein distinct from ER which has been detected in target tissues, as well as in fetal target and non-target organs. The present work investigates the antiestrogen binding activity of human breast cancer cell lines and tumor biopsies. It is found that BT-20 and MDA-MB 231 cell lines devoid of ER and PGR contain a cytosol protein component able to bind antiestrogens with a high affinity (= 2 X 10(-9) M). The 3H-labeled complex prepared in hypotonic buffer sediments at 6.25 S in a sucrose gradient. A substantial amount of antiestrogen binding sites is found to be linked to the microsomal cell fraction, in agreement with previous data from other investigators. In experiments using whole cells incubated at 37 C, the complex is depleted from the cytosol compartment. A low amount of radioactivity is extracted from the purified nuclei. In the cytosol of human breast tumor biopsies the presence of antiestrogen binding sites is not exclusively associated with the presence of ER and PGR. The identity of the natural ligand which binds to these sites under physiological conditions merits investigation. PMID- 6527540 TI - Estrogen response of MCF-7 cells grown on diverse substrates and in suspension culture: promotion of morphological heterogeneity, modulation of progestin receptor induction; cell-substrate interactions on collagen gels. AB - In this study we observed the incidence of hormone sensitivity in the response of MCF-7 cells to estrogen stimulation when the cells were cultured in different contact environments (hydrophilic plastic, bovine corneal extracellular matrix, type I collagen and in suspension culture). The major purpose was to describe the influence of cell to cell and cell to substrate contacts on the morphological response to estrogen treatment. However, other parameters including growth and induction of progestin receptor were also explored, keeping in mind that the MCF 7 cell line, although representative of normal mammary epithelium in that it contains a similar hormone receptivity, was selected in vitro from a metastatic population in a pleural effusion. Although substrate conditions did not modify growth enhancement by estrogens, progestin receptor levels were significantly higher in three-dimensional spheroid cultures in which cell to cell contacts were optimal due to elimination of basal contact. A careful morphological survey of large surfaces lead to an objective opinion of the overall effect of the hormone treatment on the non-cloned cell line in which a marked heterogeneity in the response of individual cells was observed. In terms of morphofunctional differentiation, the edification of acini with dense microvillus coating was best in suspension culture. When sections were made perpendicular to the plane of cultures on collagen gel rafts two other phenomena were noted: decrease in intercellular junctions, resulting in reduced cell to cell cohesion, and accumulation biodegradation products in the collagen lattice. This suggested a hormone-mediated interaction between the metastatic cells and the fibrillar substrate, collagen I, one of the major constituents of tissue stroma. This estrogen response might be related to the metastatic phenotype and must be distinct from their hormone sensitivity in terms of growth and differentiation since hormone receptivity is generally considered to be a favorable prognosis for breast cancer. PMID- 6527541 TI - Sodium depletion of rats induces a mitochondrial protein in the zona glomerulosa of the adrenal cortex. AB - Sodium restriction of rats resulted in a marked increase in the concentration of a mitochondrial protein with a mol. wt of 49000 in the zona glomerulosa of the adrenal cortex. The same protein had been previously induced in potassium deficient rats by potassium repletion. Since both sodium depletion and potassium repletion are known to stimulate the activity of the mitochondrial mixed function oxidase involved in the conversion of corticosterone to aldosterone, the present observation supports the hypothesis that the potassium-induced protein might represent cytochrome P-450CMO (corticosterone methyl oxidase). PMID- 6527542 TI - Metabolism of lynestrenol: characterization of 3-hydroxylation using rabbit liver microsomes in vitro. AB - In spite of the absence of oxygen at C-3, lynestrenol (17 alpha-ethynyl-4-estren 17 beta-ol) has a marked progestational activity. It is known to be metabolized to norethindrone (17 alpha-ethynyl-4-estren-17 beta-ol-3-one) by 3 beta hydroxylation and dehydrogenation. In the present study this conversion of lynesterol to norethindrone, via the formation of 3 alpha-hydroxylynestrenol, was investigated using rabbit liver microsomes in vitro. Two hydroxylated metabolites, 3 alpha-hydroxy-lynestrenol and 3 beta-hydroxy-lynestrenol were separated and identified by GLC and GC-MS analyses. In the course of incubation, the concentration of 3 alpha-hydroxy-lynestrenol was much higher than that of the 3 beta-hydroxy isomer suggesting that the metabolic pathway in the conversion to norethindrone proceeds predominantly via 3 alpha-hydroxylation of lynestrenol. PMID- 6527543 TI - Influence of methyldopa and bromocriptine on negative pressure breathing-induced diuresis. AB - The effects of methyldopa, a central alpha 2-agonist, and bromocriptine, a dopaminergic drug, on negative pressure breathing-induced diuresis were studied in the dog. Methyldopa (20 mg/kg i.v. during 20 min) or bromocriptine (0.3 mg/kg i.v.) suppressed the diuretic reflex without changing blood pressure. Since negative pressure breathing-induced diuresis is mainly due to an inhibition of vasopressin secretion, it is suggested that central alpha 2-adrenoceptors and dopaminergic receptors play an inhibitory role in mediating vasopressin release to non osmotic stimuli. PMID- 6527544 TI - [Improvement of blood filtrability with a purified extract of black currant anthocyanosides in cynomologus monkeys on a fat diet]. AB - A fat diet has been administered for 3 months to Cynomologus monkeys treated with blackcurrant anthocyanosides as compared with others receiving no treatment. Blood filtrability of animals given a fat diet alone was significantly lowered (20.8%; p less than 0.01) as compared with that of animals receiving a standard diet. Blood filtrability of animals receiving a fat diet plus blackcurrant anthocyanosides was not significantly different from that of animals given a standard diet. Emphasis is laid on a new approach to the action of this type of product on blood vessel contents as compared with the known action on the container. PMID- 6527545 TI - [Isolated and perfused lung of the guinea pig]. PMID- 6527546 TI - Some thoughts on the evolutionary basis for the prominent role of ATP and ADP in cellular energy metabolism. AB - The predominance of the adenosine triphosphate/adenosine diphosphate (ATP/ADP) couple in cellular phosphorylation reactions, including those that form the basis for cellular energy metabolism, cannot be explained on thermodynamic grounds since a variety of "high energy phosphate" compounds (including ADP itself) found in the cell would, based on thermodynamic considerations, be at least as effective as ATP in serving as a phosphoryl donor. How then did present-day organisms come to rely on the ATP/ADP couple as the principal mediator of phosphorylation reactions? The early appearance of adenine compounds in the prebiotic environment is suggested by experiments indicating that, relative to other purine or pyridimine compounds, adenine derivatives are preferentially synthesized under simulated prebiotic conditions (Ponnamperuma et al., 1963). In addition to the roles of adenine nucleotides in phosphorylation reactions, other adenine derivatives (e.g. Coenzyme A, flavin adenine dinucleotide, puridine nucleotides) are employed in a variety of metabolic roles. The principal function of the adenine moiety in these latter cases is in the binding of these derivatives to the relevant enzyme. The capability for binding of the adenine moiety appears to have arisen early in evolution and been exploited in a multitude of contexts, a suggestion consistent with observed similarities between the binding sites of several enzymes employing adenine derivatives as substrate. The early availability of suitable adenine compounds in the biosphere and development of complementary binding sites on cellular proteins, coupled with the expected advantages in having a limited number of metabolites as central mediators of endergonic and exergonic metabolism could readily have led to the observed pre-eminence of adenine nucleotides in cellular energy metabolism.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6527547 TI - A computer simulation of cell stacking for even thickness in mammalian epidermis. AB - The method of even stacking of epidermal cells in mammalian skin was studied by computer simulation. The epidermis consists of neat vertical columns of stacked, flattened, tetrakaidecahedral cells. Cells which have been proliferated in a basal layer migrate upwards, occupy the bottom regions of vertical columns, and become members constituting columns. Computer simulations demonstrated that the column height becomes considerably varied if the cells are randomly supplied from the basal layer. In contrast, if the cells are assumed to have an ability to find the uppermost region among the column's bases consisting of one base where the cell has reached and its neighbouring bases, the cells stack into columns whose heights are remarkably uniform even if the cells are randomly supplied. The results indicated that an epidermal structure consisting of the flattened polyhedral cells could itself function as a control mechanism of the epidermal thickness. PMID- 6527548 TI - Phospholipase activity and plasma membrane homeostasis. AB - Cyclic changes in the physiochemical state of the plasma membrane appear to be necessary for the normal functioning of the cell, especially with respect to division and differentiation. Such changes require a flexible membrane lipid composition to permit the necessary sequence of physicochemical changes to occur during these cellular events. This flexibility can be lost as a result of peroxidation-induced cross linking of membrane constituents, which prevents the normal physico-chemical membrane changes from occurring, resulting in abnormal cellular function. It is proposed that phospholipase A2 and C form a mutually regulatory enzyme system playing an important role with respect to the maintenance of membrane composition and flexibility. PMID- 6527550 TI - Problems with linear regression analysis of pharmacological and biochemical data. PMID- 6527549 TI - Subunit interactions in enzyme transition states--antagonism between substrate binding and reaction rate. AB - The principles of structural kinetics as applied to polymeric enzymes have been reinvestigated in order to take account of the probable existence of subunit interactions in the enzyme transition states. On the basis of simple and plausible postulates, structural rate equations have been derived for dimeric enzymes and compared to substrate binding isotherms. It then becomes possible to understand how subunit interactions affect substrate affinity and enzyme reaction rate. There exists an antagonism between substrate binding to the enzyme and the steady state rate of product appearance. If subunit interactions increase the rate of product appearance, they decrease the fractional saturation of the enzyme by the substrate. Alternatively, if they decrease the reaction velocity they increase the fractional saturation. This seemingly paradoxical effect is the direct consequence of subunit interactions occurring in both the ground and the transition states. PMID- 6527551 TI - An empirical method for converting nucleolar counts to neuronal numbers. AB - Our goal is to estimate neuronal numbers from counts of nucleolar profiles. The primary difficulty is that a simple way to convert the counts to the numbers, especially when multiple nucleoli are present in a nucleus, is not available. In this paper, we propose a solution. The formula is N = n X [N(c.f.)/n(c.f.)] where N = the true number of neurons, n = the number of nucleolar profiles in these neurons, N(c.f.) = the number of neurons used to estimate the correction factor and n(c.f.) = the number of nucleolar profiles found in the neurons that make up N(c.f.). The constraints are that the neurons identified for N(c.f.) be representative of the entire population, N; that the nucleolar profiles be counted by the same criteria when n(c.f.) is determined as when n is determined, and that when the correction factor [N(c.f.)/n(c.f.)] is calculated, the nucleolar profiles in each neuron be counted only once. The advantages are simplicity, and generality; the latter resulting from the empirical nature of the correction factor which can calibrate for multiple nucleoli, split nucleoli, invisible fragments, nucleolar size changes, section thickness differences and any other factors that cause n to deviate from N. PMID- 6527552 TI - Infrared video microscopy to visualize neurons in the in vitro brain slice preparation. PMID- 6527553 TI - Transcardial perfusion fixation of the CNS by means of a compressed-air-driven device. AB - In the present report we describe the construction of a systemic vascular perfusion device designed to perfuse small mammals with fixatives under a constant, controlled hydrostatic pressure. The device is powered by compressed air. The construction of the device allows the interchange of vessels containing various perfusates during the perfusion, without having to interrupt the flow or alter the hydrostatic pressure. Large volumes of fixatives can be perfused in a relatively short time, leading to good preservation of brain tissue, both for light and electron microscopical purposes. PMID- 6527554 TI - [3H]cocaine binding in brain is inhibited by Tris (hydroxymethyl) aminomethane. AB - High-affinity binding of [3H]cocaine to membranes of mouse cerebral cortex is inhibited by Tris (hydroxymethyl) aminomethane, the buffer commonly used in receptor binding assays. This inhibition is not due to an effect of ionic strength in general. Comparison of binding in Tris buffer with that in sodium phosphate buffer indicates a more than 4-fold higher Kd in the former buffer, with no differences in the Bmax values. PMID- 6527555 TI - Collagen vascular grafts: a step towards improved compliance in small-calibre bypass surgery; preliminary report. AB - This study assesses the static compliance of a 4-mm-calibre collagen vascular graft. The graft was prepared by extrusion from a gel of collagen obtained from the skin of grown calves. To allow easy surgical handling, the prosthesis was reinforced by embedding a polyester mesh between two concentric tubes of collagen. Compliance was determined in vitro by filling the graft with increasing volumes of saline while intraluminal pressure and longitudinal stretching were simultaneously recorded. A 4-mm polytetrafluoroethylene prosthesis and a freshly harvested human saphenous vein served as references. In the range of physiological pressures (100 to 200 mmHg), the collagen graft was only half as stiff as the polytetrafluoroethylene graft (5.6 vs 2.7 mm3/mb/m) and, in spite of its reinforcement, yet slightly more compliant than the vein itself (4.5 mm3/mb/m). Thus, from a mechanical viewpoint, a collagen prosthesis seems to be a valuable alternative for small-vessel bypass grafting, but further studies of its flow-surface characteristics are now warranted to assess its potential usefulness in the clinical setting. PMID- 6527556 TI - Preliminary report on the efficiency of combined haemodialysis-haemoperfusion treatment in chronic uraemia. AB - The use of activated charcoal haemoperfusion can play a complementary role in the substitutive treatment of chronic uraemia. This study reports the preliminary results of a regular combined haemodialysis-haemoperfusion treatment. The effectiveness of this treatment was observed on the subjective symptomatology (anorexia, nausea, asthenia) and on the polyneuropathy evaluated by electrophysiological assessments. The biocompatability of the system proved satisfactory. PMID- 6527557 TI - Present trends in fluorocarbon-based blood substitutes. PMID- 6527558 TI - Encapsulation of a hemoglobin allosteric effector in erythrocytes: in vivo results. PMID- 6527559 TI - The artificial beta cell: differential effects of portal (PO.) or peripheral (PE.) venous insulin infusions on alanine metabolism. PMID- 6527560 TI - Pseudomonas peritonitis in patients of CAPD. PMID- 6527561 TI - In vivo evidence for acquired kidney cystic disease during the haemodialytic treatment. PMID- 6527562 TI - Membrane apheresis: principles, problems and applications. PMID- 6527563 TI - On the adsorbing properties of activated carbon by coating with various polymer materials. PMID- 6527564 TI - Diagnosis of asbestosis. Clinical, radiological and lung function data in 42 patients. PMID- 6527565 TI - Neopterin as an index of immune response in patients with tuberculosis. PMID- 6527566 TI - Helium-oxygen spirometry in experimental cotton dust exposure. PMID- 6527567 TI - Antibodies reacting with brush borders of rat kidney tubules in sera from children with chronic hepatitis and chronic glomerulonephritis. PMID- 6527569 TI - Production and evaluation of VIP antibodies in rabbits. PMID- 6527570 TI - Ultrastructure of the surface coat of the mesothelial and cancer cells from human effusions. PMID- 6527571 TI - Non-thymic peptide complexes as an immunobiologically active system. The physicochemical properties of peptides from bovine liver. PMID- 6527572 TI - The influence of calf thymus extract (TFX-POLFA) on growth of the subcutaneous transplant of Ehrlich's carcinoma. PMID- 6527573 TI - Sister chromatid exchanges in leukaemic children receiving chemotherapy. PMID- 6527574 TI - Surface coat of enterocytes in chronic duodenitis. PMID- 6527575 TI - [Nocturnal asthma: influence of reflux]. PMID- 6527576 TI - [Catamenial pneumothorax. Study of a case]. PMID- 6527577 TI - [Surgical treatment in bullous emphysema in the adult: its indications]. PMID- 6527578 TI - [Gastroesophageal reflux and pulmonary pathology]. PMID- 6527579 TI - [Treatment of bone hydatidosis with mebendazole]. PMID- 6527580 TI - [Massive spontaneous retroperitoneal hemorrhage as an early manifestation of a gastric adenocarcinoma]. PMID- 6527581 TI - [Hepatitis caused by carbamazepine]. PMID- 6527582 TI - [Recurrent pancreatitis as the first manifestation of a carcinoma of the periampullary region]. PMID- 6527583 TI - [Left endocarditis caused by Staphylococcus aureus as a complication of intravenous catheters]. PMID- 6527584 TI - [Etiology, clinical medicine and differential characteristics of non-gonococcal urethritis]. PMID- 6527585 TI - [Bronchioalveolar lavage. Study of cellular and biochemical parameters in non smokers and smokers]. PMID- 6527586 TI - [Non-gonococcal urethritis and urethritis of unknown etiology]. PMID- 6527587 TI - [Occupational argyria. Study with scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersing X-ray fluorescence]. PMID- 6527588 TI - [53-year old male with anemic syndrome, splenomegaly and pancytopenia (clinicopathologic conference)]. PMID- 6527589 TI - [Nifedipine in intermittent claudication]. PMID- 6527590 TI - [Carbamazepine-tuberculostatics interaction]. PMID- 6527591 TI - [Computerized tomography in fascioliasis hepatica]. PMID- 6527592 TI - [Serologic markers of hepatitis A and B in male homosexuals]. PMID- 6527593 TI - [Increased prolactin and testosterone in the chronic alcoholic: persistence of the rise after detoxication treatment]. PMID- 6527594 TI - [Thrombopenia induced by heparin]. PMID- 6527595 TI - [Hibernoma or brown fat tumors. Review of the literature apropos of an intrathoracic localization]. PMID- 6527596 TI - [Calcium and hyperthyroidism]. PMID- 6527597 TI - [Value of a pelvicrural plaster cast in children]. PMID- 6527598 TI - LEPRA's elective period student programme, 1973-1983. PMID- 6527599 TI - Clofazimine and the eye: preliminary communication. PMID- 6527600 TI - Carcinoma in plantar ulcers in leprosy. PMID- 6527601 TI - Multibacillary leprosy in an 18-month-old child: a case report. PMID- 6527602 TI - Hypersensitivity reaction to dapsone: report from Malaysia. PMID- 6527603 TI - Treatment of leprosy in rural India as seen on a medical student elective. PMID- 6527604 TI - Primary defects of the hand with intrinsic paralysis. PMID- 6527605 TI - Five-day course on clinical leprosy for medical officers . PMID- 6527606 TI - Leprosy. Domiciliary and field work. PMID- 6527607 TI - Relapsed lepromatous leprosy in Korea; occurrence of multiple small "umbilicated" lesions of borderline type. PMID- 6527608 TI - Classification of treated leprosy patients in the absence of adequate records. PMID- 6527609 TI - Mass spectrometric evidence for the presence of platelet-activating factor (1-0 alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine) in human amniotic fluid during labor. AB - Evidence is presented for the existence of platelet-activating factor (PAF) in human amniotic fluid during labor by gas-liquid chromatographic (GLC) and mass spectrometric (MS) analysis. The unique ether-linked phospholipid was identified only in an amniotic fluid obtained from women during labor, and its alkyl side chain was composed exclusively of octadecyl residue. PMID- 6527610 TI - Effect of dietary vitamin E upon fluorescent compounds of the rat uterus. AB - Several water soluble and organic solvent soluble fluorescent peaks were observed in extracts of uteri from vitamin E deficient or supplemented rats following Sephadex column chromatography and spectrophotofluorometric analysis. Levels of one of the organic and two of the water soluble fluorescent peaks were found to be significantly higher in the uteri of vitamin E deficient rats than in vitamin E supplemented rats. Some of these fluorescent fractions may contribute to the brown discoloration that is known to occur in the uterus of vitamin E deficient animals. PMID- 6527611 TI - Cholesteryl ester hydrolysis in rat liver cytosol. Modulation by female sex hormones. AB - The regulation of cholesterol ester hydrolase activity by female sex hormones was studied in cytosolic preparations from female rat liver. The investigation was undertaken in order to determine whether a reduction in the enzyme activity might be responsible for the increased content of esterified cholesterol found in rat liver after estradiol or progesterone treatments. The single injection of estradiol (0.75 mg/100 g) or progesterone (1.50 mg/100 g) produced respectively significant decreases and increases in sterol hydrolase activity. Both opposite effects were noted after a similar lag period of 3-4 hr and were of short duration. No alterations were observed in rats receiving short-term treatments. When hormones were added to the incubation medium, the activity of cholesterol ester hydrolase decreased progressively with increasing concentrations of hormones. Kinetic studies demonstrate that both estradiol and progesterone compete with the substrate (cholesteryl oleate) for the active center. The findings of the present paper exclude a direct relationship between hepatic hydrolytic activity and lipid deposition. However, they provide evidences that female sex hormones act as modulatory agents of the hydrolysis of cholesteryl esters in rat liver cytosol and suggest that other factors besides competitive inhibition are involved in such regulatory effects. PMID- 6527612 TI - Cholesterol blocks the disordering effects of ethanol in biomembranes. AB - To assess the relation between the physical order of a membrane and its sensitivity to ethanol, we enriched biomembranes with cholesterol, both in vivo and in vitro. Japanese quail of the SEA line (selectively bred for susceptibility to experimental atherosclerosis) were treated for 9 to 16 weeks with a diet that contained 2% cholesterol. This regimen increased the cholesterol content of serum and erythrocytes. The cholesterol content of brain synaptosomal plasma membranes (SPM) was unaffected by the high cholesterol diet. In other experiments, isolated mouse synaptosomal plasma membranes were incubated with cholesterol/phospholipid (C/P) vesicles; different amounts of cholesterol were transferred according to the sterol content of the donor vesicles. Membrane order was determined in both types of membranes by a sensitive electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) technique. The order parameter with 5- and 12-doxylstearic acid increased along with the cholesterol content. As expected, ethanol disordered membranes (decreased the order parameter) in a concentration-related manner. The slope of the concentration response curve was less steep in high cholesterol than low cholesterol membranes, indicating that cholesterol enrichment partially blocks the membrane action of ethanol in both types of membranes. PMID- 6527614 TI - Effects of organic solvents on lipase for fat splitting. AB - The effect of organic solvents on the stability and catalytic activity of the microbial lipase from Candida rugosa for hydrolysis of triglyceride (fat splitting) has been examined. The solvents examined were 5 hydrocarbons (n hexane, n-heptane, n-octane, iso-octane and cyclohexane) and 3 ethers (diethyl ether, diisopropylether and di-n-butylether). The results revealed that iso octane and cyclohexane are superior to the other solvents examined for enzymatic fat splitting in organic solvent systems. PMID- 6527613 TI - Homeostatic control of membrane fatty acid composition in the rat after dietary lipid treatment. AB - Diets in which both the lipid content and composition (polyunsaturated to saturated fatty acid ratio) were varied were fed to rats for 20 weeks, and the effects on the tissue lipid profiles were determined. The fatty acid profile of the plasma lipids, and the phospholipid fatty acids of the mitochondrial and microsomal fractions of liver, heart, kidney and brain, as well as erythrocyte membranes were determined. Despite large differences in the level and type of lipid present in the experimental diets and in the proportion of saturated fatty acids in the plasma lipids in response to the various diets, there was little effect on the proportion of saturated to unsaturated fatty acids in the phospholipids of the various membranes examined. The major effect of altering the dietary level of polyunsaturated to saturated fatty acids was on the ratio of the omega 6/omega 3 series of unsaturated fatty acids in the membrane lipids. This change occurred in all tissues except the brain, in which only a small response to altered dietary lipid intake was observed. The omega 6/omega 3 ratio was elevated upon feeding a diet rich in omega 6 polyunsaturated fatty acids, but decreased when a diet rich in saturated fatty acids was fed. The failure to significantly alter membrane lipid saturation/unsaturation in the tissues examined would suggest that a homeostatic mechanism is operative in biological membranes and may act to buffer membranes from the effects of changes in the nature of the dietary lipid intake. PMID- 6527615 TI - Wide variations of plasma triglyceride concentrations in guinea pigs. AB - Guinea pigs have varying plasma triglyceride concentrations ranging from 28 to 1392 mg/dl, with relatively uniform plasma cholesterol and phospholipid levels. To understand why the animals exhibit such wide variations of plasma triglyceride concentrations, we have explored the triglyceride hydrolyzing system by measuring tissue lipoprotein lipase activities and plasma activator for the enzyme. Lipoprotein lipase activities of epididymal adipose tissue of these animals were 759 +/- 117 (mean +/- SE) n moles FFA X min-1 X g wet tissue-1, markedly low compared with those of rats. There were no relationships between plasma triglyceride concentrations and tissue lipase activities. Plasma activator for lipoprotein lipase was lacking in this animal. Guinea pigs with ascorbic acid deficiency for 2 weeks also showed marked variations of plasma triglyceride concentrations, without any changes in tissue lipoprotein lipase activities. Low adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase activities with deficient plasma activator for the enzyme suggest that the lipoprotein lipase-mediated triglyceride degradation could be impaired in this animal, and this may account for the marked variation of plasma triglyceride concentrations. PMID- 6527616 TI - The positional distributions of fatty acids in the triacylglycerols and phosphatidylcholines of the intestinal and popliteal lymph and plasma of sheep. AB - As part of a study of the contribution of the intestinal lymph lipoproteins and their lipid constituents to the plasma lipids in sheep, the positional distributions of the fatty acids in the triacyl-sn-glycerols and phosphatidylcholines in very low density/low density lipoprotein and high-density lipoprotein fractions were determined by stereospecific analysis procedures. The triacyl-sn-glycerols of these lipoprotein fractions in intestinal lymph did not differ appreciably in structure and resembled the plasma triacyl-sn-glycerols in the composition of position sn-2 especially. However, there were appreciable amounts of the essential fatty acid, linoleic acid, in positions sn-1 and sn-3 of the triacylglycerols in lymph but not in plasma. This result is discussed in terms of the metabolism of the triacylglycerols of lymph after they enter the plasma as part of a mechanism for the conservation of essential fatty acids in ruminants. No differences of metabolic note were observed in the structures of the phosphatidylcholines between lipoprotein fractions and among tissues. PMID- 6527618 TI - [1st National Congress of the Italian Society of Social Psychiatry. I. Rome, 7-8 May 1984. Introduction]. PMID- 6527617 TI - The occurrence of long chain alpha, omega-diols in the lipids of steer and human meibomian glands. AB - A group of long chain alpha, omega-diols (C29 to C34) has been identified in the lipids of steer and human meibomian gland excreta (meibum). These new lipids were isolated from the steer meibum unsaponifiables. Proof of structure was provided by 1) the column chromatographic behavior and TLC of the diols and their diacetates; 2) GLC on glass capillary columns; 3) fragmentation patterns in GC MS; 4) NMR data, and 5) ozonolysis studies of the unsaturates. Chain types for the steer sample were 51% straight monoenes, 8.5% straight saturates, 39% iso and anteiso saturates and 1.5% iso and anteiso unsaturates. GC for the human sample gave straight monoenes 83%, straight saturates 8%, and iso plus anteiso saturates 9%. Close correspondence of the alpha, omega-diol chain lengths and types with meibum omega-hydroxy fatty acids suggests a biochemical precursor relationship. PMID- 6527619 TI - [Culture, society and psychopathology]. PMID- 6527620 TI - [Social psychiatry today]. PMID- 6527622 TI - [Pathomorphosis of the neuroses]. PMID- 6527621 TI - [Pathomorphosis of delusions]. PMID- 6527623 TI - [Pathomorphosis of the depressions]. PMID- 6527624 TI - [Destruction and social change]. PMID- 6527625 TI - [Aggressiveness and emotions in communication]. PMID- 6527627 TI - [A new form of schizophrenia]. PMID- 6527626 TI - [Violence and the Christian message. Various premises]. PMID- 6527628 TI - [Mental health, family, territory. An unsolved problem]. PMID- 6527629 TI - [Preoperative psychological and biological factors and their relation to the postoperative course of the heart surgery patient]. PMID- 6527630 TI - [Psychological aspects of pregnant women with breast cancer and the desire of mastectomy patients to become pregnant]. PMID- 6527631 TI - [Psychological distress among medical inpatients. Comparison between geriatric patients and adults using the SCL-90]. PMID- 6527632 TI - [The Ranking Rorschach test in schizophrenics]. PMID- 6527633 TI - [Alternating epileptic psychoses. Review of the literature and clinical cases]. PMID- 6527635 TI - [Phenomenology of suicide in Sardinia. Preliminary study (2-year period 1980 81)]. PMID- 6527634 TI - [Comparative study of epileptic seizures and changes in the weather in Brescia Province]. PMID- 6527637 TI - [Pharmacologic properties of etizolam (6-(o-chlorophenyl)-8-ethyl-1-methyl-4H-s triazolo 3,4-c thieno 2,3-e 1,4 diazepine)]. PMID- 6527636 TI - [Open study on the efficacy of amineptin in a sample of depressed patients]. PMID- 6527639 TI - Dietary therapy in nutrition disorders. PMID- 6527638 TI - [Prospects for rehabilitation of chronic psychotic patients]. PMID- 6527640 TI - Food and nutrition education for children who are mentally retarded. PMID- 6527641 TI - Physical and environmental design characteristics of community residences. PMID- 6527643 TI - Integrity of treatment in special education research. PMID- 6527642 TI - Foster family care for older persons who are mentally retarded. PMID- 6527645 TI - Thymectomy and engraftment of thymic tissue. PMID- 6527646 TI - Analytical and preparative equilibrium density separation of lymphoid cells on albumin and metrizamide. PMID- 6527644 TI - An arts infusion intervention model for children with severe handicaps. PMID- 6527648 TI - Isolation of human mononuclear leukocyte subsets by countercurrent centrifugal elutriation. PMID- 6527647 TI - Separation of lymphocytes on antibody-coated plates. PMID- 6527649 TI - Collection of mouse thoracic duct lymphocytes. PMID- 6527651 TI - Separation of macrophages on plastic and glass surfaces. PMID- 6527650 TI - Methods for the collection of peritoneal and alveolar macrophages. PMID- 6527652 TI - Methods of bursectomy. PMID- 6527653 TI - Depletion of macrophages from heterogeneous cell populations by the use of carbonyl iron. PMID- 6527654 TI - Cryopreservation of lymphoid cells. PMID- 6527655 TI - Ultrastructural localization of surface and intracellular immunoglobulin in human lymphoid cell suspensions. PMID- 6527656 TI - Isolation of antigenic proteins from lymphocytes by binding immune complexes to staphylococcal protein A. PMID- 6527657 TI - Rosetting techniques to detect cell surface markers on mouse and human lymphoreticular cells. PMID- 6527659 TI - HLA antigens in serum. PMID- 6527658 TI - Structural analysis of murine Class I major histocompatibility complex antigens. PMID- 6527660 TI - Separation of cells by velocity sedimentation. PMID- 6527661 TI - Detection by immunochemical techniques of cell surface markers on epidermal Langerhans cells. PMID- 6527662 TI - Separation of lymphocytes, granulocytes, and monocytes from human blood using iodinated density gradient media. PMID- 6527663 TI - The effectiveness of six disinfectants in inactivation of reovirus 3. AB - Reovirus 3 in the presence of foetal bovine serum was exposed to six disinfectants for times of 10, 20 and 30 sec. At the end of such exposure times the addition of skim milk terminated disinfectant activity, and residual virus was assayed using the plaque technique. The six disinfectants considered were Javex (a sodium hypochlorite disinfectant), sodium hydroxide, ethanol, Wescodyne, One Stroke Ves-Phene, and Sonacide. Ethanol (95% v/v) and 1/75 Javex (800 ppm chlorine) were the most effective virucides. Both of these agents inactivated 10(5) plaque forming units (PFU) in 30 sec. Undiluted Sonacide, 0.25% (w/v) sodium hydroxide and 1/200 Wescodyne each inactivated between 10(2) and 10(3) PFU in 30 sec. Javex at a dilution of 1/100 (600 ppm chlorine) was next in effectiveness, inactivating 10(1.5) PFU in 30 sec and was more effective than 1/50 Ves-Phene which inactivated 10(1) PFU in 30 sec. Ethanol in 70% (v/v) solution was totally ineffective in inactivating reovirus 3. Ethanol (95% v/v) after dilution in the test system was 76% (v/v) and ethanol (70% v/v) was really 56% (v/v). PMID- 6527664 TI - Liminal therapy: a strategy for the complete and selective destruction of malignant tissue in situ. AB - The property of aerobic glycolysis commonly possessed by malignant cells points to a weakness in oxidative metabolism which has been equated in some tumours with partial uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation. The suggestions are made, first, that this endogenous defect may account for spontaneous cell death in situ, and, second, that its accentuation would inflict extensive tumour injury upon sensitive neoplasms. Certain drugs not in current use for the treatment of malignant disease are known to be able to interfere selectively with energy metabolism in sensitive tumours to such an extent that widespread necrotization ensues. The drugs activate an endogenous destructive mechanism that appears to require oxygen. Liminal therapy, the maintenance of continuous destructive pressure on sensitive growths in such a manner that maximal anti-tumour activity in terms of interference with energy production is not achieved at any one time, and under conditions in which the oxygen supply is only partly depleted, is put forward as a possible means of achieving complete and selective tumour destruction in vivo. PMID- 6527665 TI - Environmental validation of the homocystine theory of arteriosclerosis. AB - It has been proposed that elevated concentrations of homocystine in vascular tissue could cause arterial damage leading to arteriosclerosis. This theory is indirectly supported by research in the area of environmental toxicology, which has revealed that carbon monoxide and carbon disulfide, agents whose prolonged exposure is known to result in the development of arteriosclerotic changes, induced vitamin B6 deficiency states which predictably lead to a homocystinuria like state. Such information provides strong indirect support of the controversial homocystine theory of arteriosclerosis. PMID- 6527666 TI - Psychophysiological aspects of cancer. AB - "Cancer" refers to carcinoma, sarcoma, lymphoma, and leukemia. Hans Selye, with his stress-adaptation theory, opened the door for the holistic conceptualization of disease. Gotthard Booth laid a solid basis for the demonstration of an often important psychobiological (holistic) aspect of cancer, and also an overall theory of spontaneous regression. Booth was also a leader in demonstrating that severe masked depression generally long precedes cancer. Sir MacFarlane Burnet demonstrated in 1970 in Immunological Surveillance the enormous power and complexity of the cellular immune system, which apparently carries out surveillance against, detects, invades, and destroys many cancer cells daily in the normal human body. Cancer is thus far from a one-way process. The connection of the defensive process to the cerebral cortex is largely a discovery attributable to Selye, and to several Russian scientists. The course and outcome of cancer are notoriously unpredictable when age, sex, and lesion and spread are known. Two surgeons, Everson and Cole, in 1966 thoroughly documented 176 cases (previously published) of histologically proven untreated cancer which underwent proven so-called spontaneous regression. Several investigators, without known contradiction, have found that depression quite regularly long precedes cancer. "Spontaneous" regressions are basic. PMID- 6527667 TI - Induction of tumors and malformations in mice after prenatal treatment with some antibiotic drugs. PMID- 6527669 TI - [Mortality from tumors in a factory producing glass fibers]. PMID- 6527668 TI - The development of a needle-type glucose sensor for wearable artificial endocrine pancreas. PMID- 6527670 TI - [The EEC directive on the protection of workers against the risk of asbestos. Problems of interpretation and application]. PMID- 6527671 TI - [Biological monitoring of workers engaged in the production of welding fluxes with ambient exposure to fluorine lower than the threshold limit value]. PMID- 6527672 TI - Investigation on the chronic effects of dipterex in occupational exposure. PMID- 6527673 TI - [Air conditioning of workplaces and pathology of the upper airway]. PMID- 6527674 TI - [Ventilatory function in a group of workers in a thermoelectric power plant involved in handling coal]. PMID- 6527675 TI - Extrapulmonary localisation of carbon and silica particles in anthracosilicosis. PMID- 6527676 TI - Legal insanity and its implications. PMID- 6527677 TI - The forensic scanning electron microscope. PMID- 6527678 TI - The work of the Criminal Injuries Compensation Board. PMID- 6527679 TI - [Determination of discriminatory power of prognostic factors for recurrence of breast cancer]. AB - Vascular and lymphatic invasion of cancer cells, type of histology, histopathological TNM classification, level of tumor invasion, menopausal status and age, were reported as prognostic factors of breast cancer. We determined the discriminatory power of above prognostic factors for predicting breast cancer recurrence in 98 patients, with the method of quantification theory type II using a computer, model Hi-TAC M-150. The discriminatory rate of these combined seven factors for recurrence was 82.609%. We calculated the probability of breast cancer recurrence using the method of quantification theory type II. The probability of breast cancer recurrence (P) was given as follows. P = 1/1 + 7.333 e5.468x The score x is given by sum of category weight of seven prognostic factors. Averages of P values of patients with recurrence and without recurrence were statistically different (p less than 0.01). The rate of having more than 30% of P values was 78% in 23 patients with breast cancer recurrence, and its was only 3% in 75 patients without breast cancer recurrence. The difference was statistically significant. (x2 = 61.83, p less than 0.001). These results suggest that we can discriminate a high risk patient with breast cancer recurrence using this method. PMID- 6527680 TI - [Distribution of ethanolamine oleate after injection in esophageal varices]. AB - The purpose of this study is to know the systemic distribution of sclerosant injected into esophageal varices. Sclerotherapy for esophageal varices was performed for 14 times in 11 patients. The patients were divided into two groups according to the content of sclerosant. Seven patients received a total of 9 intravariceal injections (IVI) with 7 to 30ml of 5% ethanolamine oleate (EO) which contained meglumine diatrizoate (Angiographin) and four patients received a total of 5 IVI with 10 to 20ml of 4.5% EO which contained a 10% volume of 99mTcO 4 solution (EO-99mTc). Distribution of injected materials was observed by X-ray fluoroscopy in the former group and by a scintillation camera in the latter. In both methods most of the sclerosant disappeared from the injected site within five minutes leaving a trace in the varices. Then, the sclerosant was disseminated throughout the body via portal vein. When more than 20ml of sclerosant was injected, some flowed into the azygos vin through the periesophageal vin. After IVI the varices showed atrophic changes, though the sclerosant did not stay in the varices. PMID- 6527681 TI - [Anastomotic recurrence after sphincter saving resection for carcinoma of the rectum]. AB - Between 1962 and 1982, 273 patients underwent sphincter saving resection for rectal cancer in my hospital. In 30 of these patients, local anastomotic recurrence was observed (11%). Computer analysis of 64 variables was undertaken to identify factors contributing to the anastomotic recurrence, especially in reference to the resecting line from the tumor, safety margin (AW). The present study shows no positive relationship between the length of normal bowel resected below the tumor, if it overs 2cm in advanced case, and anastomotic recurrence. We advocated the principle that "safety margin should be 4 or 5 cm in the advanced case". But this principle must now be changed. There appears every justification to carry out a curative sphincter saving procedure, resecting a shorter length of rectum -3cm (in vivo)- below the tumor in order to spare the patient a permanent colostomy. But, Borrmann 3 type, annular growth, severe serosal invasion, and undifferentiated or mucinous feature of cancer are the predominant factors associated with anastomotic recurrence and demand the longer length of safety margin as well as extended Miles operation. The causes of anastomotic recurrence in 30 patients have been investigated and searched for respectively. The recurrence in 9 of them seemed to be very unexpectedly and implantation might, therefore, be responsible for it. PMID- 6527682 TI - [Replacement of portal vein with E-PTFE vascular graft; experimental study on process of the endothelialization]. AB - Expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (E-PTFE) vascular graft was been exposed to intestinal content and evaluated the process of endothelialization and as to whether or not the material was feasible for its use under condition similar to clinical pancreatic surgery. In group A, E-PTFE tubular graft was inserted into the portal vein defect. In group B, choledochojejunostomy was also performed combined with the E-PTFE graft interposition. In other groups, bile (group C) or suspension of Escherichia Coli (group D) was put on graft implanted in the portal vein. The grafts were removed from the dogs for histological and scanning electronmicroscopic evaluation at intervals varying from 12 hours to 4 years and 8 months after surgery. Thirty one of 38 grafts were patent (patency rate; 82%). Complete formation of the inner capsule of the graft was essential to endothelialization. Direct extension of the endothelium was seen from the anastomotic site. Sporadic endothelialization was observed, however, communications among islet formed endothelialized portions. It were remarkable and endothelium derived from the host vein. These results demonstrated the feasibleness of clinical application of the E-PTFE graft to portal vein reconstruction with combination of the digestive surgery. PMID- 6527683 TI - [Lithogenicity of bile in patients after ileal resection]. AB - Biliary lipid composition and lithogenicity were studied in 40 patients after ileal resection of different extent. The lithogenic index increased in extended ileal resection and ileostomy groups. There was a significant positive correlation between the lithogenic index and the length of ileal resection (r = 0.65, p less than 0.001). Total bile acid concentration and the proportion of deoxycholic acid were decreased after ileal resections as compared to controls. Especially these changes were remarkable in the extended ileal resection and ileostomy groups (p less than 0.001). Nine out of 40 patients were restudied after one month of oral ursodeoxycholic acid administration (300mg/day). Ursodeoxycholic acid consistently reduced the lithogenicity by decreasing the proportion of cholesterol in bile. Ursodeoxycholic acid was useful reducing bile lithogenicity in patients whose bile was supersaturated after ileal resection. PMID- 6527685 TI - Nucleosomal organization of a part of chromatin in mollusc sperm nuclei with a mixed basic protein composition. AB - The structural organization of mature sperm chromatin from three representatives of the Mytilidae family has been studied. The acid-soluble proteins in these species nuclei are primarily sperm-specific (approximately 80%) with the remainder being core histones. Previously, we have shown that the mature sperm nuclei of these molluscs are compact, dense structures formed by interaction of the spermspecific proteins with DNA (1). Here we show that: a) although the histones are minor chromatin protein fraction, they still organize a part (20 25%) of the total DNA into nucleosomes; b) one of the sperm-specific proteins, different from somatic H1 or H5 histones participates in the formation of the beaded structures. PMID- 6527684 TI - Permeability to inhibitors of protein synthesis in virus infected cells. AB - Infection of HeLa cells with different viruses induces permeabilization of the cell membrane to protein toxins such as alpha-sarcin. This phenomenon occurs with HeLa, KB, BHK-21 and L929 cells and EMC, SFV, VSV and Polio virus and is dependent on the ability of the virus to infect the cells. Inhibitors of endocytosis and lysosomotropic agents do not affect this process. Cells become sealed to the toxin approximately four hours after the infection. Sulfhydryl reagents impair cellular permeabilization to alpha-sarcin. PMID- 6527686 TI - Developmental changes in chromatin of skeletal muscle of rats: acetylation of chromosomal proteins and transcription. AB - In vivo acetylation of chromosomal proteins and RNA synthesis were studied in the skeletal muscle of 3-30 day old developing rats. The levels of acetylated histones and nonhistone chromosomal (NHC) proteins are high at day 3 and decrease as development progresses. Spermine has no significant effect on acetylation. Incorporation of 3H-Uridine into RNA of both nuclear and cytoplasmic fractions is also maximum at day 3 and plateaus by day 14. Nuclear RNA synthesis following acetylation of chromosomal proteins is greatly stimulated in all the ages studied, whereas that in cytoplasmic RNA occurs only in 3 day old rats. Such modifications during early development may bring about conformational and functional changes in the chromatin and contribute significantly to the process of terminal differentiation of skeletal muscle cells. PMID- 6527687 TI - Double-stranded RNA specific nuclease from germinating embryos of Pennisetum typhoides. AB - A double-stranded RNA specific nuclease (ds RNase) has been purified from the pearl millet Pennisetum typhoides. The purification involved S-30 preparation from the germinating embryos, DEAE-cellulose and DNA-cellulose chromatography. The partially pure enzyme preferentially solubilized the synthetic double stranded polynucleotide [3H]poly(rA) . poly(rU); the degradation of [3H]poly(rC) was fourteen fold lower under the same assay conditions. Furthermore, the ds RNase activity was inhibited to an extent of 58% by ethidium bromide, which is known to intercalate with double-stranded RNAs. Active sulfhydryl groups were found to be necessary for the ds RNase activity since the enzyme action was inhibited by N-ethylmaleimide. Ethidium bromide and N-ethyl-maleimide did not significantly inhibit the ss RNase activity. In contrast, diethyl pyrocarbonate inhibited ss RNase activity completely and ds RNase by 58%. Heating the enzyme for 20 min at 50 degrees C resulted in drastic loss of both enzyme activities. The ds RNase showed maximum activity in the pH range of 6.5 to 7.5. The enzyme acts in vitro on E. coli 30S precursor ribosomal RNA and the cleavage products migrated in the region of mature 23S and 16S rRNAs. PMID- 6527688 TI - Thymidine-requiring mutants of Dictyostelium discoideum. AB - Two thymidine auxotrophs of Dictyostelium discoideum were isolated which improve the efficiency of in vivo DNA-specific radiolabeling. Mutant HPS400 lacked detectable thymidylate synthetase activity, required 50 micrograms of thymidine per ml, and incorporated sixfold more [3H]thymidine into nuclear DNA than did a wild-type strain. Either dTMP or exogenously provided DNA also permitted growth of this strain. The second mutant, HPS401, was isolated from HPS400 and also lacked thymidylate synthetase activity, but required only 4 micrograms of thymidine per ml for normal growth and incorporated 55 times more thymidine label than did a control strain. Incorporation of the thymidine analog 5' bromodeoxyuridine was also markedly increased in the mutants. Catalytic properties of the thymidylate synthetase of D. discoideum investigated in cell extracts were consistent with those observed for this enzyme in other organisms. These strains should facilitate studies of DNA replication and repair in D. discoideum which require short-term labeling, DNA of high specific activity, or elevated levels of substitution in DNA by thymidine analogs. PMID- 6527690 TI - New rat cell line that is highly susceptible to transformation by several oncogenes. AB - We describe here a new cell line, EL2, which spontaneously arose from primary rat embryo fibroblasts and has the distinctive property of being highly susceptible to a number of different transforming genes. The high susceptibility is expressed not only in high transformation frequencies but, most importantly, in an unusually high rate of growth of EL2 transformants under selective conditions, i.e., in soft agar or as foci. The biological characteristics of EL2 cells greatly accelerate the isolation of transformants from known oncogenes and could be useful to detect new transforming genes. PMID- 6527689 TI - HeLa cell beta-tubulin gene transcription is stimulated by adenovirus 5 in parallel with viral early genes by an E1a-dependent mechanism. AB - We report that the rate of transcription of cellular beta-tubulin genes increases during the early phase of adenovirus infection of HeLa cells, with kinetics very similar to those routinely found for viral genes. This activation depends upon adenovirus early region E1a, which encodes products that activate early virus transcription. To compare the responses of viral and cellular genes to E1a, we infected HeLa cells with dl312, a transcriptionally inactive deletion mutant that lacks a functional E1a gene. We then superinfected the cells with a helper virus, dl327, which encodes active E1a products, and measured changes in the rates of transcription of various cell and viral genes. Early region E3 of dl312 was activated 0 to 6 h postinfection and then repressed at 8 h postinfection, thus reproducing the two-step kinetics characteristic of a wild-type infection. Synthesis of beta-tubulin nuclear RNA was also transiently induced two- to six fold, rising and falling in a manner similar to E3 transcription. An increase in helper virus multiplicity gave an increase in beta-tubulin stimulation, but dl312 alone, even at a high multiplicity of infection, gave no induction, confirming the requirement for E1a. beta-Actin nuclear RNA was actively synthesized before infection, but it was not further stimulated by the virus. Cellular beta-globin gene transcription was not stimulated by the virus, although transcription of a transfected beta-globin plasmid was induced by the virus or from a cotransfected E1a expression plasmid. We conclude that adenovirus 5 can stimulate beta-tubulin gene transcription. We discuss the significance for the viral life cycle of viral stimulation of cell genes and consider possible mechanisms in the light of the results obtained with beta-actin and beta-tubulin. PMID- 6527692 TI - Isolation and partial characterization of the tegumental outer membrane of schistosomula of Schistosoma mansoni. AB - Separation of the external membranes from freshly converted mechanical schistosomula of Schistosoma mansoni was achieved by osmotic shock under hypertonic conditions, followed by mechanical shearing and ultracentrifugation. Prior to treatment, the schistosomula were surface labeled by introduction of N DNP-epsilon-aminocaproylphosphatidylethanolamine molecules into their lipid bilayer followed by anti-DNP antibodies and stained with either 125I-protein-A or ferritin labeled secondary anti-DNP antibodies. This label provided a membrane marker by which the purity of the preparation could be assessed at each stage. Fluorescence staining with FITC-conjugated secondary antibodies prior to treatment revealed that the homogeneously stained membrane of the intact schistosomula became swollen and ruptured after the osmotic shock. The isolated membrane pellet was intensely fluorescent. Electron microscopical examination revealed mostly vesicles, some of them with organized multilayer assembly. The vesicles were ferritin labeled, indicating that they originated from the outer surface membrane of the schistosomula. A 100 fold enrichment in the alkaline phosphatase activity and about 300 fold enrichment in acetylcholinesterase activity in the membrane preparations, as compared to the intact schistosomula, was found. The isolated tegument was analyzed by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The pattern obtained showed three major bands, of molecular weights 69 000, 45 000 and 12 000 alongside with a large number of minor bands. Immunoprecipitation of the isolated 125I-labeled membrane antigens with antisera from chronically infected mice revealed these three major bands together with three other bands of molecular weight 38 000, 23 000 and 16 000. PMID- 6527691 TI - Assignment of genes encoding metallothioneins I and II to Chinese hamster chromosome 3: evidence for the role of chromosome rearrangement in gene amplification. AB - Cadmium resistant (Cdr) variants with coordinately amplified metallothionein I and II (MTI and MTII) genes have been derived from both Chinese hamster ovary and near-euploid Chinese hamster cell lines. Cytogenetic analyses of Cdr variants consistently revealed breakage and rearrangement involving chromosome 3p. In situ hybridization with a Chinese hamster MT-encoding cDNA probe localized amplified MT gene sequences near the translocation breakpoint involving chromosome 3p. These observations suggested that both functionally related, isometallothionein loci are linked on Chinese hamster chromosome 3. Southern blot analyses of DNAs isolated from a panel of Chinese hamster X mouse somatic cell hybrids which segregate hamster chromosomes confirmed that both MTI and MTII are located on chromosome 3. We speculate that rearrangement of chromosome 3p could be causally involved with the amplification of MT genes in Cdr hamster cell lines. PMID- 6527695 TI - Purification and topographical location of tegumental alkaline phosphatase from adult Schistosoma mansoni. AB - Alkaline phosphatase, a marker for tegumental membranes of Schistosoma mansoni, was extracted using Triton X-100 from membranes purified by sucrose density gradient centrifugation. The enzyme activity was purified 6 800-fold over parasite homogenates and 118-fold over the tegumental membranes released when parasites were incubated in phosphate-buffered saline. Purification of the solubilised enzyme was achieved by binding to a Con A agarose affinity column, gel filtration of the eluted glycoproteins, and Blue affigel chromatography. The purified enzyme was shown to consist of a single glycosylated polypeptide Mr 65 000 on reduced sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Enzyme activity was associated with a possible tetramer, Mr 260 000 on gel filtration. Activity was associated with a band Mr 130 000 in sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis run in the absence of reducing agents. Using sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the absence of reducing agents, the size of the enzyme was shown to be similar in cercariae, schistosomula, adult schistosomes and their eggs, but it was smaller than the activity (Mr 145 000) extracted from host liver and intestinal microsomal membranes. The topography of the enzyme in the schistosome tegument was investigated by using surface radio-labelling reagents followed by its purification. The enzyme could be radio-iodinated only with difficulty in adult worms. Bolton and Hunter reagent, used at high concentration and for prolonged time periods, resulted in labelling of enzyme activity and the Mr 65 000 polypeptide subunit was also iodinated under these extreme conditions. It was concluded that the enzyme is not exposed at the schistome's surface, and is probably buried in the tegumental membrane network. PMID- 6527694 TI - The adenylate nucleotide pool in the digestive gland-gonad complex of Biomphalaria glabrata infected by Schistosoma mansoni. AB - The levels of adenylate nucleotides were examined in the digestive gland and ovotestes of Biomphalaria glabrata during cercarial shedding of Schistosoma mansoni, 10 weeks post-infection. In general, parasitization resulted in decreases in the adenylate levels in both tissues, but the results were not statistically significant. Moreover, the energy charge ratio was not significantly altered. The mean energy charge in ovotestes from uninfected and infected individuals was 0.81 and 0.77, respectively, and that in the digestive gland, 0.70 and 0.66, respectively. Extensive variation was observed in energy charge of digestive gland from infected individuals and this was attributed to possible differences in the degree of infection. PMID- 6527693 TI - The energy metabolism of Fasciola hepatica during its development in the final host. AB - Mature liver flukes, Fasciola hepatica, of different ages were isolated from the bile ducts of experimentally infected rats. Their energy metabolism was studied during aerobic incubation with [6-14C]glucose. The results showed that the aerobic potentials of the parenchymal liver flukes are not lost immediately after arrival in the bile ducts, but in a later phase. During the development of the newly excysted juvenile into the mature adult the major part of ATP production in aerobic incubations is successively contributed by three different pathways of glucose breakdown. The Krebs cycle, which is by far the main energy-yielding pathway of the juvenile fluke, is gradually replaced by aerobic acetate formation and, finally, by the anaerobic dismutation reactions of the adult liver fluke. This observed decrease in Krebs-cycle activity per mg protein is not the result of a decrease in activity per individual fluke. The Krebs-cycle activity per fluke actually increases enormously during its whole development. This indicates that the aerobic potential of adult F. hepatica is not just a remnant of earlier aerobic stages but that classical, mammalian type mitochondria are produced during the entire development of the fluke. Calculations are presented which demonstrate that the Krebs-cycle activity of the developing F. hepatica is directly proportional to the surface area of the fluke. This supports our view that Krebs-cycle activity is limited by the diffusion of oxygen and can only occur in the outer layer of the liver fluke during its entire development in the final host. PMID- 6527696 TI - Dermatophytes isolated from laboratory animals. AB - In order to determine the presence of dermatophytes in healthy skin, 200 animals from the animal house of Faculty of Medicine, U.N.A.M., were studied; these were 50 rats, 50 rabbits, 50 mice, and 50 guinea pigs. Out of these 200 animals, 29.5% had positive isolation of Trichophyton mentagrophytes, var. lacticolor. The frequency variation was: rats 68%; rabbits, 36%; mice, 8%; and guinea pigs, 6%. Male rats and male rabbits, had the higher incidence of positives. The epidemiologic repercussion of these and the significance to use these animals in biomedical investigation is discussed. PMID- 6527697 TI - Use of chick embryo in screening for toxin-producing fungi. AB - The toxinogenicity of 720 fungal isolates was evaluated using the Chisk Embryotoxicity Screening Test (CHEST, phase I). Three hundred and sixteen (43.9%) isolates produced some of the 23 identified mycotoxins, unidentified toxic metabolites were produced by 170 (23.6%), and 234 (32.5%) isolates showed no signs of toxinogenicity. The 24 h lasting chick embryo assay proved very suitable for detecting fungal products with general cytotoxic potential where it yielded results consistent with those obtained with cell cultures and higher organisms. Simplicity, rapidity, and modest laboratory equipment belong to the advantages of this reliable and non expensive screening procedure. PMID- 6527699 TI - Ultrastructural changes in Blastomyces dermatitidis after in vitro exposure to lidocaine. AB - Electron microscopic examination of yeasts of Blastomyces dermatitidis, exposed in vitro to concentrations of lidocaine that occur when the drug is used for topical anesthesia, showed that lidocaine rapidly damaged intracellular structures. The extent of damage was dependent on the concentration of drug and length of exposure. The observed ultrastructural changes were very similar to those reported for other drugs that directly damage membranes. This relationship suggests that the antifungal effect of lidocaine is the result of direct membrane damage. PMID- 6527698 TI - Fungi from otitis media of agricultural field workers. AB - Twenty four fungi were isolated from ear wax or otitis media of agricultural field workers, of which 18 are being reported for the first time from India. Direct observation, revealed the presence of hyphal fragments, spores of Alternaria, Bipolaris, conidial head of Aspergillus, smut teliospores and pollen. Spores of only four fungi, Alternaria humicola, Aspergillus niveus, Bipolaris spicifera and Fusarium moniliforme germinated in otitis media at 37 degrees C, and their germination was affected by relative humidity. Alternaria humicola and Aspergillus niveus appeared to be the causative agents of otomycosis, and otitis media is fungistatic in nature. PMID- 6527700 TI - Structure-pharmacokinetics relationship of quaternary ammonium compounds. Elimination and distribution characteristics. AB - The pharmacokinetics of a series of fourteen monoquaternary ammonium ions, with gradually increasing molecular weight, were studied in anaesthetized rats after intravenous bolus injection and/or constant infusion. Distribution to the eliminating organs and elimination rate into bile, urine and intestinal lumen as well as the plasma disappearance were investigated. All compounds showed a double exponential plasma disappearance pattern. Initial half lives (alpha-phase) varied between 0.5 and 3 min, half lives of the beta-phase varied between 30 and 70 min. Total plasma clearance within the series of compounds ranges from 2.3-13.7 ml/min, in general increasing with molecular weight. The relative contribution of biliary, urinary, and intestinal elimination to the total plasma clearance varied widely within the series of organic cations. Renal clearance of all the compounds exceeded that of mannitol, indicating involvement of active renal transport processes. Excretion via the kidneys was the only important excretory pathway for compounds with molecular weights less than 156. The low biliary excretion of the compounds of M less than 156 was not due to a deficient hepatic penetration since uptake into the liver was very rapid. Only the high molecular weight compounds (greater than 156) showed a profound bile/plasma concentration ratio ranging from 13 to 830. For these compounds also an "uphill" excretion process into the gut lumen seems to be involved representing up to 15% of the administered dose. It is concluded that elimination patterns for organic cations of various structure differ much more than their overall distribution characteristics. PMID- 6527701 TI - Structure-pharmacokinetics relationship of quaternary ammonium compounds. Correlation of physicochemical and pharmacokinetic parameters. AB - Correlations between lipophilicity or molecular weight and some pharmacokinetic parameters such as clearance (Cl), elimination rate constant (k10), volume of distribution (V), and terminal half life (lambda z) are presented for a series of structurally related quaternary ammonium cations (QACs). The structure pharmacokinetics relations were fitted using the computer program NONLIN and were represented by linear, parabolic or S-shaped curves. The relationship between total plasma clearance or hepatic, renal and intestinal clearance and lipophilicity for the present set of data could be described most properly by the equation Y = 1/(aXb + c), where Y stands for the logarithm of the pharmacokinetic parameters and X represents the logarithm of the values of some physicochemical parameters, such as the partition coefficient (P), the (HPLC) capacity factor k' (another lipophilicity parameter) and molecular weight (MW). On the basis of this relationship, correlations of the hepatic or intestinal clearances with the lipophilicity parameters were good (r = 0.98 and r = 0.95 respectively). Curves relating values for partition coefficients and clearance via liver and intestine (expressed relative to the most simple QAC tetramethyl ammonium) showed S-shaped correlation patterns, in contrast to the renal clearance, which correlated poorly (r = 0.54) with lipophilicity. The extent of biliary output of the organic cations shows a threshold phenomenon, sharply increasing at log P greater than 1.5 to a maximum at P greater than 2.5. This pattern was less pronounced in the case of intestinal elimination and absent in the case of renal clearance. The apparent maximum in the hepatic and intestinal clearance for the most lipophilic organic cations is probably due to limitation by organ blood-flow and/or plasma protein binding.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6527702 TI - Different approaches to study acetylcholine release: endogenous ACh versus tritium efflux. AB - Superfused slices of guinea-pig cerebral cortex (CC), caudate nucleus (CN) and thalamus (Th) were used to compare i) the resting and electrically-evoked release of endogenous acetylcholine (ACh) in the presence of physostigmine (Phys) and ii) the resting and electrically-evoked tritium efflux (after preloading with 3H choline) in the absence or in the presence of Phys and hemicholinium (HC-3). In addition, the effect of GABA, morphine and their antagonists on both effluxes was investigated. By matching the ACh and tritium outflow on a molar basis, an average ratio of 100: 2-4 was found. When expressed as a percentage of tissue content, the ACh release at 2 Hz (2 min) was 4.1 in CN, 0.92 in CC and 0.44 in Th. Lower percent values in the same rank order, were found for tritium outflow with Phys. Thus, CN has the highest secretory activity. Tritium evoked outflow in the presence of Phys was nearly halved in comparison with the normal values (without Phys). Therefore, the autoreceptor-mediated negative feed-back seems to be similar in the three areas. Tritium evoked outflow in the presence of HC-3 was more than doubled in Th (less so in CC and CN) in comparison with the normal values. A second stimulation at 2 Hz (2 min) gave rise to the same outflow in Th while an evident fall in radiolabel efflux was found in CN. Therefore the blockade of high affinity choline uptake plays a different role in Th and CN.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6527703 TI - Kinetics of the efflux of 3H-norepinephrine from rabbit irides. AB - The pigment cell dependent accumulation of 3H(-)-norepinephrine (1 mumol/l) was studied in rabbit irides. Albino irides served as controls. Neuronal uptake, deamination and O-methylation of 3H(-)-norepinephrine were reduced by desipramine, pargyline and U-0521, respectively. Both albino and pigmented irides accumulated the catecholamine from the incubation medium. At 37.5 degrees C and 120 min of incubation, tissue/medium ratios for pigmented and albino irides were 10.70 and 4.30 ml/g respectively. At 0 degrees C, the accumulation of 3H(-) norepinephrine in the albino iris was abolished, while the pigmented iris accumulated significant amounts. The tissue/medium ratio was approximately 3 ml/g. When irides were loaded with 1 mumol/l of 3H(-)-norepinephrine for 60 min the drug distributed into four different compartments. Most of the pigment cell dependent binding was associated with compartments III and the "bound fraction". The amount bound in these compartments was 73% of total accumulation. In pigmented irides obtained from reserpine-pretreated rabbits the total binding was reduced to 64% of that in pigmented control irides. The half times for efflux from pigmented iris were 1.2 min, 10.7 min and 94.8 min, respectively, for compartments I, II, and III. Irides were loaded with 3H(-)-norepinephrine in normal physiological salt solution and rates of efflux were studied in Ca2+-free medium. In either albino or pigmented iris, the late efflux declined more slowly compared to that from the control irides. When pigmented irides were loaded with a low concentration of 3H(-)-norepinephrine, the displacement of the labeled amine was equal by each stereoisomer of norepinephrine. Results are discussed in relationship to the pigment cell-dependent uptake of the catecholamine. PMID- 6527704 TI - The substrate specificity of uptake2 in the rat heart. AB - Experiments were carried out with hearts isolated from reserpine- and pargyline pretreated rats; both noradrenaline-metabolizing enzymes and uptake1 were inhibited. Initial rates of extraneuronal uptake were measured after perfusion lasting for 2 min, either in the absence or in the presence of 100 mumol/l O methyl-isoprenaline, a potent inhibitor of uptake2. The ID50 (i.e., the concentration of unlabelled substance that halves the rate of uptake of a tracer concentration of 3H-(+/-)-isoprenaline) was determined for a variety of agents. Two types of stereoselective preference of (-)-isomers were observed: for isoprenaline and adrenaline (but not for noradrenaline)--and also for dobutamine. The stereoselective preference for the (-)-isomers of isoprenaline and adrenaline is also evident from fluorimetric determination of initial rates of uptake of unlabelled isomers. Experiments with various tritiated compounds indicate that uptake2 has a broad substrate spectrum: uptake2 is not restricted to 3H catecholamines and 3H-phenethylamines, but extends to resorcinols (3H orciprenaline), imidazoline derivatives (3H-clonidine), 3H-histamine and 3H-5 hydroxytryptamine (3H-5-HT). Determinations of the Vmax of uptake2 revealed a correlation between the ID50 and the Vmax: the higher the ID50, the higher the Vmax. These results indicate that uptake2 is a carrier-mediated process. PMID- 6527705 TI - In vivo and in vitro dopaminergic effects of three ergoline fragments. AB - The pharmacological effects of three ergoline fragments (BD-179, BD-271 and BD 214) were studied in vivo using the cat cardioaccelerator nerve preparation and in vitro using field stimulated isolated cat right atria. BD-179 and BD-271 produced dose dependent inhibition of tachycardia due to electrical stimulation of the right postganglionic cardioaccelerator nerve in anesthetized cats, BD-214 was inactive. BD-179 produced primarily hypotension, BD-271 produced a transient pressor response followed by hypotension and BD-214 produced only pressor effects. The tachycardia inhibitory effects and hypotension produced by BD-179 and BD-271 were antagonized by the dopamine receptor antagonist sulpiride. BD 179, BD-271 and BD-214 antagonized the presynaptic inhibitory effects of the dopamine receptor agonist apomorphine in vitro on field stimulated isolated cat right atria. All three ergoline fragments facilitated stimulation-induced increases in systolic tension development and BD-214 facilitated stimulation induced tachycardia in isolated cat right atria. PMID- 6527708 TI - Stereoselectivity of extraneuronal uptake of catecholamines in rabbit aorta. AB - In incubated rabbit aorta, stereoselective preference of (-)isoprenaline and ( )adrenaline, but not of (-)noradrenaline, was observed with respect to extraneuronal (corticosterone-sensitive) catecholamine accumulation at relatively low amine concentrations. The ranking order (isoprenaline greater than adrenaline greater than noradrenaline) and the degree of stereoselectivity were similar to those described for the perfused rat heart. Thus, stereoselectivity of the carrier-mediated extraneuronal uptake process is demonstrable for different species and under conditions of incubation as well as of perfusion. On the other hand, amine distribution into the tissue that is linked neither to uptake2 nor to uptake1 (but which might be rather important under incubation conditions) showed no stereoselectivity in rabbit aorta. PMID- 6527706 TI - Decrease in bradycardic effect of AQ-A 39 and alinidine in guinea-pig sinoatrial node depolarized by high external K+-concentration. AB - The effects of the two "specific bradycardic agents" AQ-A 39 and alinidine on the spontaneous electrical discharge rate of intact guinea-pig sinus node preparations were investigated. At high external K+-concentrations (10.8 and 16.2 mmol/l) the bradycardic effect of the two drugs was diminished or abolished. In contrast, the negative chronotropic effect of the reference compound verapamil ("Ca2+-antagonist") was enhanced. These results show that the bradycardic effects of AQ-A 39 and alinidine are diminished in depolarized preparations, which makes it unlikely that in intact sinus node preparations the mechanism of action is the same as that of "Ca2+-antagonists". PMID- 6527707 TI - 17 alpha-Propylmesterolone (SH 434): an antiandrogenic sebosuppressive substance not influencing circulating testosterone concentrations. Experimental studies in Syrian hamsters. AB - 17 alpha-Propylmesterolone is a new synthetic 5 alpha-reduced steroid with a propyl group in C-17 position and a methyl group in the A ring. The antiandrogenic action of 17 alpha-propylmesterolone on the sebaceous glands, testes weights and plasma testosterone concentrations were examined in the animal model of the Syrian hamster. The substance was given systemically (3, 5 or 10 mg/kg) and topically (3 or 5 mg/kg). 17 alpha-propylmesterolone reduced both sebaceous gland size and sebogenesis significantly in a dose-dependent manner. The topical administration was more effective than the systemic treatment. There was no influence of 17 alpha-propylmesterolone on testosterone concentration in plasma or testes weights although a diminished capacity or absence of free cytoplasmatic androgen receptor sites was detected in the sebaceous glands of the systematically or topically treated Syrian hamster. 17 alpha-Propylmesterolone exerts a potent topical sebosuppressive effect in the animal model. These findings should give rise to human studies and clinical trials. PMID- 6527709 TI - [Estrogen and progesterone hormonal receptors in meningioma. Results and comments apropos of 26 cases]. AB - In the first part: the charcoal-assay method was briefly described (sensitivity: PR = 10 fmol/mg protein, ER = 5 fmol/mg protein), and criteria for the validity of this method were analysed: sufficient amount of tumor (150-200 mg) minimum protein concentration should be 2 mg/ml choice of a suitable labeled hormone plotting of Scatchard curve with at least 4 aligned points and systematic control of the dissociation constant (Kd) systematic assay of a reference cytosol. In the second part: the results were analysed and compared with those of various authors: PR were positive in 13 out of 23 determinations (56,5%), 12-230 fmol/mg protein (mean: 93 fmol/mg protein) ER were positive in 2 out of 25 determinations (8%), 5 and 16 fmol/mg protein. Only one tumor showed positive ER and PR and no significant difference was shown between ER and PR results on male and female patients. In conclusion, the physiopathological significance of ER and PR is discussed and a new approach to treatment of some meningiomas is mentioned. PMID- 6527710 TI - [Results of embolization of spinal dural arteriovenous fistulas with perimedullary venous drainage]. AB - From a group of 10 patients with arterio-venous meningeal fistulas of the dura mater of the spinal cord, who where treated by embolization, the authors discuss and compare the results of this procedure to surgical management. This results, sometimes spectacular, are similar to surgical ones and sometimes better, essentially upon paresthesias and urinary troubles. They insist upon the interest of this management which appears often realizable in the same procedure than diagnostic angiography. PMID- 6527712 TI - [Papilloma of the choroid plexus of the 3d ventricle. Report of a case and review of the literature]. AB - It's rare for CPP to fill the III ventricule. Up to date, 24 cases surgically removed have been reported. In this report, we present a 1,5 year old boy who administered because of severe cachexia and reactive coma. Ct scan revealed dilatation in lateral ventricles and a mass totally filling the III ventricle. The mass has been totally excised through foramen Monro by right frontoparietal craniotomy and transcortical transventricular surgical approach. While a post operative recovery was being observed, the patient died in the 30 the day because of bronchopneumonia. The treatment of III ventricle CPP as all the other CPP, must be total resection. For this reason, preoperative CT scan carries a great value about giving information of the nature of the tumor. PMID- 6527711 TI - [Dorsal interapophyseal arthropathy and spinal cord compression in syringomyelia]. AB - A dorsal spinal cord compression by exuberant arthropathy and osteophytes of the articular processes occurred in a 61 years old patient with syringomyelia. The clinical symptoms were related to postero lateral cord involvement and rapidly appeared after syringo-peritoneal shunting. C.T. scan precisely displayed the pathological process and the cord compression. Surgery enabled a definite amelioration of secondary sensory deficits. It was to our knowledge the first description of such an involvement of articular processes in syringomyelia. PMID- 6527713 TI - [Nerve regeneration through a venous graft in the rat. Preliminary results]. AB - An experimental study of nerve regeneration in rats was realized after sectioning 8 mm of the sciatic nerve and interpositioning a vein-graft to replace the portion of nerve which has been removed. The vein-graft was taken at the neck level, far away from the point of suture between vein and nerve, a procedure which seems to prevent the problems of scabbing. A histological and electrophysiological analysis was carried out on 16 grafts, over periods ranging from 4 weeks to 4 months. The nerve and venous dissections were realized under a stereoscopic microscope. A certain degree of amyotrophy appeared in the external posterior region of the thigh, directly related to the muscular dissection and the partial paralysis caused by the section of the common peroneal nerve. The electrophysiological recordings in vivo provide proof of nerve regeneration but reveal the absence of any correlation between the time of recovery and the time of induction. Examination under the light microscope confirms the regeneration of the nerve inside of the vein-graft, with an augmentation of myelin sheaths, which increase with time both in number and in thickness. The vein-wall acts as a guide but the passage of a few nervous filaments outside of the graft itself is observed. Examination under the electron microscope furnishes important information on myelin sheaths. The results are of excellent quality, but to better appreciate and evaluate them, we envisage a further study, this time to be carried out on another animal species. PMID- 6527714 TI - [Craniostenosis in Algeria. Surgical indications and results of a personal technic]. AB - This paper is based on a predominant type of craniosynostosis seen in Maghreb, the oxycephaly (82,5% of all craniosynostosis in our series). The authors describe a surgical technic which is based on King's free flaps method, used by Acquaviva and Berrada, and Powiertowski's total craniectomy. With this technic, they perform craniectomy of the vertical part of the frontal bone, extended to temporal bone and 2-3 cm behind lambdoid suture. Two small flaps of parietal and temporal bones are left in place sparing temporal muscle insertion. The authors give results of 200 cases treated in the Neuro-Surgical Hospital Ali Ait-Idir Algiers, which consist in encephalic reexpansion and physiological redistribution of the cranial diameters. The authors emphasize a stabilisation is not a recovery from the functional signs, with normalisation in 3/4 of cases of the E.E.G. patterns. The visual acuity is stabilised. In conclusion, the authors estimate this technic has a place among the others procedures in the management of the craniosynostosis. PMID- 6527716 TI - [Physicochemical aspects of urinary lithiasis]. PMID- 6527715 TI - [Posterolateral approach to dorsal disk herniation by transversoarthropediculectomy]. AB - The authors report the use of postero-lateral approach through transversoarthropediculectomy for dorsal disc hernias. Based on 3 cases, they discuss the advantages of this approach on others postero-lateral approaches or anterior approaches. They underline the rules to treat without risk this pathology. PMID- 6527717 TI - [Protein inhibitors of crystallization. Their characterization and potential role in calcium lithiasis]. AB - Human saliva, pancreatic juice and urine are usually supersaturated with respect to calcium phosphate, calcium carbonate and calcium oxalate, respectively. The potential precipitation of these salts is prevented by unusual phosphoproteins which are normally present in these biological fluids. In vitro, such phosphoproteins are able to suppress the crystal growth of calcium salts; their physiological level is high enough to fulfill this function in vivo. The main molecular characteristics of these phosphoproteins are described and their biological function, as crystallization inhibitors, are discussed by the authors. PMID- 6527718 TI - [Size and formation of crystals in urinary calculi studied with x-ray diffraction profiles]. AB - Application on in vivo grown urinary calculi shows that crystals of uric.acid.dihydrate and calcium.oxalate.dihydrate are larger than crystals of uric.acid.siccum and calcium.oxalate.monohydrate. These findings could be explained by the hypothesis, that dehydrated forms are secondary formations out of dihydrate crystals. PMID- 6527719 TI - [Abnormalities in the erythrocyte membrane transport of oxalate in calcium oxalate lithogenesis]. AB - The high incidence of a family history and the observation of abnormally high intestinal absorption and urinary excretion of oxalate suggest to consider idiopathic calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis as a metabolic disease characterized by a disorder in oxalate transport. To test this hypothesis, the flux of 14C Oxalate through the membrane of red blood cells was investigated in 24 calcium oxalate stone formers; 18 of the 24 "idiopathic" calcium oxalate stone formers showed an increased oxalate self exchange (75%). Our data seem to support the possibility that "idiopathic" calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis may be considered as a metabolic disease marked by a defect in transmembrane transport of oxalate. PMID- 6527720 TI - [Respective effect of calcium and oxalate on calcium oxalate crystallization in the urine]. AB - Our aim is to determine the respective role of calcium (Ca) and of oxalate (ox) in the formation of calcium oxalate (Caox) crystals. Two urine samples are mixed after increasing either the calcium concentration (Ca) in one sample or the oxalate concentration (ox) in the other. The crystals formed are identified by their habits or by x-ray. Similarly, urine from 37 hypercalciuric stone-formers is analysed. Caox crystallizes at an oversaturation beta greater than or equal to 13,5, critical beta. An almost linear relationship exists between beta and (ox), the critical beta being obtained at an (ox) approximately 0,26 mmol/l. No simple relationship links beta and (Ca). These results point out the predominant role of oxalate in the formation of Caox crystals. PMID- 6527721 TI - [Monohydrate and dihydrate oxalic lithiasis. Calculi, their macroscopic structure (radiographic and therapeutic impact). Calciuria and oxaluria]. AB - Calculi of pure calcium oxalate monohydroxide are hard, polish, dark brown stones, of a very tenuous crystalline structure. On the contrary, calculi of pure bihydroxide oxalate are clear irregular stones with a spiky surface. They are more friable and less hard than monohydroxide oxalate stones. Monohydroxide oxalate stones radiologically are regular and homogeneous, whereas bihydroxide oxalate stones have an irregular aspect. Monohydroxide oxalic lithiasis is less frequent than bihydroxide oxalic lithiasis. The proportion of monohydroxide lithiasis is the same in men and women whereas bihydroxide lithiasis is more frequent in men. Of a biologic point of view, in monohydroxide lithiasis, calciuria and oxaluria are often normal while proportion of hypercalciuria and hyperoxaluria is more important in bihydroxide lithiasis. Evolutivity is clearly inferior in monohydroxide lithiasis than in bihydroxide lithiasis. PMID- 6527723 TI - [Plasmapheresis in the treatment of nervous system diseases]. PMID- 6527722 TI - [Comparative effects of oral water load of different mineral compositions on the excretion of ions and oxalic acid]. AB - The effects on urinary excretion of a 1500 ml daily load of three drinking waters with different ionic contents were studied in six normal subjects. Diuresis was similarly increased by the three waters of an amount equal to the load. Urine output of urea, creatinin, uric acid, phosphate, potassium, magnesium was not significantly modified by the three waters as compared to a control period. Natriuresis was significantly increased following the intake of the water which contained sodium as well as calciuria with the water containing calcium. Urine output of oxalate was increased by the three waters in correlation with the free water content of the load. This effect is probably due to a reduction in passive tubular reabsorption of oxalate since a similar effect was observed with an equivalent water load given by intravenous route. Nevertheless, due to the dilution of urine, the index of urine saturation for calcium oxalate was diminished by the three waters. PMID- 6527725 TI - [Analysis of trace element concentrations in the cerebrospinal fluid using particle-induced X-ray emission]. AB - The authors used for first time the PIXE method ("particle induced X-ray emission") for determination of the concentration of in the cerebrospinal fluid of neurological patients. In 40 hitherto examined patients with epilepsy, multiple sclerosis, extrapyramidal syndromes, Little's syndrome, Guillain-Barre syndrome, cerebral strokes, tumours of brain and spine, vasomotor headaches, neuralgia and discopathy, the concentration of the following trace elements was determined: Br, Zn, CU, Pb, Rb, Fe, Ca, K, Cl, Sr, Zr, Cr, Mn, Ni, As. The ranges of the determined concentrations in ppm units mean values and mutual relations of some elements were presented. The concentration of trace elements in cerebrospinal fluid was lower than in the tissues. The authors continue further investigations in many neurological syndromes with analysis of various clinico laboratory correlations. PMID- 6527724 TI - [Multiple sclerosis and the history of infectious diseases in childhood]. AB - A case-control study was carried out comparing 300 patients with multiple sclerosis with 300 patients with ischialgia of various aetiology matched for age analysing history data concerning past infectious diseases and their complications in childhood. The following conclusions have been reached: In patients with multiple sclerosis exanthematous diseases (measles, rubella, varicella) and mumps in childhood were more frequent than in controls. No history of measles in late childhood occurring with higher frequency was found in the multiple sclerosis group as compared with controls. The age of measles had no greater pathogenetic importance for the development of multiple sclerosis. A high susceptibility to viral infections in childhood contributes to the susceptibility to neuroallergic reactions such as multiple sclerosis at later age. PMID- 6527726 TI - [Thalamic somatosensory potentials after peripheral stimulation and cortical somatosensory potentials after electric stimulation of thalamic nuclei VOa and VOp (preliminary report)]. AB - In patients with extrapyramidal syndromes thalamic action potentials were recorded during operations with a five-point brain electrode and in the same cases somatosensory evoked potentials were recorded from the skull. Thalamic potentials were recorded after peripheral stimulation, and evoked potentials from the skull were recorded after electrostimulation of thalamic nuclei VOa and VOp. At the thalamic level a short-latency positive-negative potential had a maximal amplitude in one only lead, which confirmed sharp projection of body surface into various thalamic nuclei. Somatosensory evoked potentials recorded from the skull in response to stimulation of thalamic nuclei were usually biphasic and stimulation of VOa and VOp nuclei gave potentials with similar configuration of phases. This confirms the divergence of the projection fibres from the thalamus to the cortex. PMID- 6527727 TI - [Bilateral occurrence of symptoms of Horton's headache (cluster headache)]. AB - The authors discuss the problem of bilateral occurrence of symptoms in cluster headache. Literature survey shows that bilateral headache were observed in 10-13% of cases by various authors. In own material of 63 cases the authors found bilateral symptoms in 9.5% of cases and describe in more detail two cases. An own classification of bilateral cluster headaches in suggested. PMID- 6527728 TI - [Neoplastic encephalopathy in the light of 2 observed cases]. AB - The authors report two cases of neoplastic encephalopathy. In one patient with oviduct carcinoma it had the form of cerebellopathy. In the other case of renal carcinoma it appeared as encephalopathy with a nearly exclusive involvement of cerebral hemispheres. The reaction of microglia, lymphocytes and diffuse demyelination found in these cases are regarded by the authors as a result of autoimmunization in the course of malignant neoplasm. Attention is called to the importance of axial computer tomography in the intravital diagnosis of this encephalopathy. PMID- 6527730 TI - The organization of astrocytes in organotypic mouse spinal cord culture: an electron microscope study. AB - The organization of astrocytes in myelinated culture of mouse spinal cord tissue was analysed ultrastructurally and compared with the pattern in vivo. Astrocyte cell bodies and their processes, connected by punctate adhesions and gap junctions, formed a continuous layer around the entire explant. Throughout the parenchyma, thin astrocytic processes penetrated the neuropil, separated neurons, and invested some synaptic complexes. Others formed flattened sheets and contacted directly with the basal surface of ependymal cells. In the absence of mesenchymal elements, astrocytes in vitro occasionally possessed fragments of basal lamina on the surface of the explant and around minute intercellular spaces. Except for an incomplete basal lamina, these findings indicate that astrocytes in vitro are organized in a manner essentially identical to the situation in vivo. PMID- 6527729 TI - [Neurogenic intermittent claudication]. AB - In the period 1971-1981 operations were carried out in 1114 cases of discopathy or lumbar spondylosis. Three patients in this group had pains of the type of intermittent claudication as the main symptoms. In all these cases narrowing of the vertebral canal was found in the lumbar part caused in two cases by degenerative changes and herniation of the intervertebral discs, and in a third case it was due to an extensive connective tissue scar at the site of previously done laminectomy. The nerve roots of the cauda were relieved from pressure surgically and in all cases pains disappeared. The authors discuss factors contributing to the development of neurogenic intermittent claudication. PMID- 6527731 TI - Experimental bilateral carotid artery occlusion: a study of the optic nerve in the rat. AB - The presence of marked changes in the neural retina and retinal vessels of Long Evans pigmented rat following bilateral carotid ligation has been previously documented by serial ophthalmologic examinations. Light and electron microscopic studies of the optic nerve in this experimental animal model revealed advanced optic nerve atrophy in ten of twelve rats examined. There was no significant pathology in either the retina or optic nerve in the remaining two rats after carotid ligation or in the sham-operated controls. PMID- 6527732 TI - Adrenoleukodystrophy: clinical, pathological and biochemical findings in two brothers with the onset of cerebral disease in adult life. AB - Two brothers are described in whom adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD) presented as progressive cerebral degeneration in early adult life. Diagnosis during the life of one brother was based on cerebral biopsy appearances. At autopsy there was a leucodystrophy and an additional myelopathy in both cases. Biochemical studies carried out on the propositi and other family members revealed characteristic abnormalities of ALD in the propositi and two, as yet clinically unaffected, adult brothers, and abnormalities characteristic of the heterozygous state in their mother. Neither of the clinically affected brothers showed clinical features of hypoadrenalism and these cases emphasize the importance of considering the diagnosis of ALD in adult males with leucodystrophy even in the absence of overt adrenal insufficiency. PMID- 6527733 TI - Some histochemical observations on invasive cells in a myopathy induced in rats with 5-hydroxytryptamine. AB - The enzyme cytochemistry and proportion of mononuclear cells exclusively present within degenerating muscle fibres of the soleus of rats 24 h after a single intraperitoneal injection of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) (10 mg/kg) were studied. The following enzymes displayed strong cytochemical activities within these cells: non-specific esterase (against naphthol AS-D acetate and alpha naphthylacetate), aminopeptidase (against leucine-4-methoxy-2-naphthylamide) and dipeptidyl peptidase II. A peroxidatic activity was also present, but was found to arise from cytochrome oxidase in phagocytosed muscle mitochondria. The aminopeptidase activity in the monocytic cells increased by roughly 50% between 6 and 24 h after 5-HT administration. Dipeptidyl peptidase II was found, by the use of appropriate inhibitors, to be present in both mononuclear cells and muscle fibres and may be implicated in degrading the basal lamina of muscle fibres, thereby permitting access to the mononuclear cells. The morphological, enzyme histochemical and electron microscopical evidence suggest that the cells which invade muscle fibres in the early stages of a myopathy induced by 5-HT in rats are actively phagocytosing, mature macrophages. PMID- 6527734 TI - The effects of multiple sequential episodes of demyelination in the sciatic nerve of the mouse. AB - Intraneural injections of lysophosphatidyl choline were used to examine the effects of multiple episodes of demyelination and repair in the sciatic nerves of adult mice. It was found that the early phases of repair, from initiation of myelinolysis to the appearance of promyelinated fibres, were achieved more rapidly in multiple-injected nerves than in single-injected nerves. However, this lead was temporary, since subsequent remyelination was delayed in the multiple injected nerves until several days after it had been established in most single demyelinated nerves. Cell-mediated demyelination was seen in multiple-injected nerves, but never in single-injected nerves. The results are discussed in terms of a the contribution of supernumerary Schwann cells to the acute stage of the programme of cellular repair; and b the possibility that the 'normal' response to an injection of LPC in a nerve which has previously undergone several episodes of demyelination is exacerbated by a local and self-limiting immune-mediated reaction. PMID- 6527735 TI - Tachycardia, hypertension and decreased reflex bradycardia produced by striatal lesions induced by kainic acid. AB - The effects of intra-striatal injection of kainic acid on cardiovascular function were assessed in urethane-anesthetized rats. Intra-striatal administration of 2 micrograms of kainic acid (in a volume of 0.5 microliter) produced both tachycardia and hypertension. The tachycardia induced by intra-striatal injection of kainic acid was antagonized by either prior bilateral vagotomy or spinal transection of the animals (at C7). On the other hand, the hypertension induced by intra-striatal administration of kainic acid was antagonized by prior bilateral vagotomy, but not spinal transection. In addition, reflex bradycardia was produced by intravenous infusion of adrenaline in rats. Over the dose range (1.25-5.0 micrograms/kg, i.v.) of adrenaline used, a dose-dependent bradycardia was obtained. It was found that pretreatment of animals with intra-striatal injection of kainic acid, although causing no change in the adrenaline-induced pressor effect, did reduce the adrenaline-induced bradycardia. Intravenous administration of same dose of kainic acid had no effect on these cardiovascular responses. Thus, the data indicate that striatal neurones are involved in the central control of cardiovascular function. PMID- 6527736 TI - A comparative electrophysiological and biochemical assessment of serotonin (5-HT) and a novel 5-HT agonist (MK-212) on central serotonergic receptors. AB - The inhibitory effects of microiontophoretically-applied serotonin (5-HT) and 6 chloro-2[1-piperazinyl]pyrazine (MK-212) were examined on spontaneously firing somatosensory cerebral cortical neurons and dorsal raphe neurons in rats anesthetized with chloral hydrate. On cortical neurons, MK-212 caused only weak and variable inhibition of extracellularly recorded neuronal activity, compared to the effects of 5-HT. However, on raphe cells, MK-212 exerted potent inhibitory effects, equivalent to those observed with 5-HT. In contrast to the inhibitory actions of D-lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) and 5-HT at presumed 5-HT autoreceptors, MK-212 did not affect the in vitro release of [3H]5-HT from slices of rat hypothalamus stimulated by methiothepin. These findings, coupled with previously reported behavioral, biochemical and electrophysiological effects of MK-212 may indicate that this novel serotonergic agonist uniquely discriminates between subsets of serotonergic receptors in the CNS. PMID- 6527737 TI - Influence of naloxone on the effects of LSD in monkeys. AB - Three stump-tailed monkeys were trained in an appetitive behavioral task. Administration of 0.1 mg/kg of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) moderately disrupted performance acutely, and produced abnormal motor activity. With repeated administration of LSD, motor activity and task responding returned to normal. When 1.0 mg/kg of naloxone was administered prior to administration of LSD in a crossover design, appetitive responding was abolished acutely in all animals and behavior was substantially more disrupted than with LSD alone. Tolerance did not occur with repeated administration of this combination of drugs. Endorphins and/or opiate receptors may act to attenuate the effects of hallucinogenic agents, and may subserve the development of tolerance to these effects. PMID- 6527738 TI - Effects of anorexigenic agents on deprivation-induced fluid consumption by rats. AB - The effects of single doses of anorexigenic agents were determined on deprivation induced fluid consumption by rats. The most potent compound was D-amphetamine; the least potent was benzphetamine. The data suggest that these drugs are not capable of causing true physical dependence in man. PMID- 6527739 TI - Blockade of bicuculline-induced pressor and tachycardic responses by forebrain administration of muscimol. AB - To determine whether i.v. administered bicuculline acts in the forebrain to increase arterial blood pressure and heart rate, this agent was administered i.v. to chloralose anesthetized cats that had muscimol injected into and restricted to the forebrain ventricles. Bicuculline (0.5 mg/kg i.v.) given alone increased arterial pressure by 56 +/- 8 mm Hg and heart rate by 45 +/- 11 beats/min. Bicuculline given to animals exposed to muscimol exhibited no increase in either of these parameters. Muscimol localized to the forebrain did not alter the pressor response to a non-GABA antagonist agent, strychnine, indicating a specific interaction of the drugs with GABA receptors in the forebrain. PMID- 6527740 TI - Effects of bombesin on body temperature and oxygen consumption in food-deprived rats. AB - The present study measured oxygen consumption and core body temperature following central injections of bombesin (1.0 microgram) in food-deprived rats. Oxygen consumption did not differ for bombesin- and control-injected rats while mean core body temperature decreased significantly following bombesin administrations. Present findings suggest separate mechanisms of heat loss for bombesin-induced hypothermia in cold-exposed and food-deprived rats. PMID- 6527741 TI - Oxytocin affects utilization of noradrenaline in distinct limbic-forebrain regions of the rat brain. AB - The effects of oxytocin, administered intracerebroventricularly in doses of 1, 10, 100 and 1000 pmol, were studied on the disappearance of catecholamines induced by alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine in microdissected nuclei of the rat brain. Oxytocin dose-dependently decreased the utilization of noradrenaline in the lateral and medial septal nuclei and anterior hypothalamic area, whereas an enhanced utilization was observed in the nucleus supraopticus. Tendency towards a change in utilization of noradrenaline was found in the dorsal septal nucleus and the lateral amygdala. Utilization of dopamine was not significantly affected in any of the nuclei of the brain studied. Tendency towards a decrease in utilization of dopamine was observed in the nucleus caudatus, globus pallidus and medial septal nucleus. It thus appears that oxytocin elicited changes in only a restricted number of brain nuclei. Interestingly, these nuclei contain cell bodies (nucleus supraopticus) and terminals (other nuclei) of the oxytocin system in the brain. Though the effects of oxytocin were not as widespread as those previously seen after administration of vasopressin, it is worthy of note that, in general, the effects of oxytocin were opposite to those seen after vasopressin. The opposite effects of vasopressin and oxytocin on catecholamine metabolism could be related to the opposite effects of the two peptides on behaviour, neuroendocrine and autonomic regulation. PMID- 6527742 TI - Selective depletion of norepinephrine in brain by N-2-chloroethyl-N-ethyl-2 bromobenzylamine fails to alter the voluntary consumption of ethanol in rats. AB - The effects of the selective norepinephrine neurotoxin, DSP-4, on the maintenance of voluntary consumption of ethanol was tested in male Long-Evans rats. The drug, DSP-4, produced a 51% reduction in whole brain levels of NE without affecting the consumption of ethanol. These results, however, do not rule out a role for NE in mediating this behavior. PMID- 6527743 TI - Central dopamine receptors mediating pergolide-induced elevation of serum corticosterone in rats. Characterization by the use of antagonists. AB - Fourteen dopamine antagonists were compared for their ability to antagonize the elevation of the concentration of serum corticosterone in rats by pergolide, a dopamine agonist. Clozapine did not antagonize the effect of pergolide at the largest dose (10 mg/kg) that could be tested without alteration of basal levels of corticosterone. For the other antagonists, calculation of ED50 values [dose antagonizing by 50% the elevation of corticosterone caused by a 0.3 mg/kg (i.p.) dose of pergolide mesylate] revealed the following order of potency: spiperone greater than loxapine greater than fluphenazine greater than perphenazine greater than flupentixol greater than haloperidol greater than cyclophenazine greater than zotepine greater than flumezapine greater than molindone greater than metoclopramide greater than chlorpromazine greater than sulpiride. All of these compounds caused increases in the concentration of the dopamine metabolites, 3,4 dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) and homovanillic acid (HVA), in the brains of rats. The dose that increased the concentration of DOPAC to 200% of the control value (ED200) was calculated for each compound. The ratio of the ED50 value for antagonism of the elevation of corticosterone induced by pergolide to the ED200 value for the elevation of DOPAC in brain varied, probably related to differing selectivity for pre- versus postsynaptic dopamine receptors between the compounds.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6527744 TI - Acquisition and recovery of tolerance to the discriminative stimulus properties of cocaine. AB - Rats were trained to discriminate the stimulus properties of cocaine using a two lever choice paradigm, in which food reinforcement was delivered for responses on the correct lever: one lever was always correct after a 5 mg/kg injection of cocaine, and the other lever was always correct after an injection of saline. After training, administration of cocaine and methamphetamine were generalized to the cocaine lever in a dose-dependent fashion, but administration of phenylethylamine was only partially generalized. Training was then suspended, and cocaine (20 mg/kg) was injected every 8 hr. Tolerance developed progressively to the discriminative stimulus properties of cocaine. After six days of chronic administration, redetermination of dose-effect data showed the presence of tolerance and cross-tolerance to the stimulus properties of cocaine and methamphetamine, respectively, with no evidence for cross-tolerance to phenylethylamine. No tolerance or sensitization developed to the suppressant effects of cocaine on operant responding. After termination of the chronic administration of cocaine, the tolerance was lost at the same rate at which it was acquired. These data demonstrate that tolerance occurs to the stimulus properties of cocaine and suggests that a common mechanism mediates the stimulus properties of cocaine and methamphetamine. PMID- 6527745 TI - A comparison of the effects of meptazinol and morphine on the release of acetylcholine from slices of mouse cerebral cortex. AB - Morphine and the new centrally-active analgesic agent, meptazinol, both increased the K+-evoked release of tritium from slices of mouse cortex preloaded with [3H]choline. The effect of both compounds was antagonised by naloxone whereas the response to meptazinol, but not that to morphine, was reduced in the presence of either scopolamine or tetrodotoxin. Oxotremorine produced a concentration-related inhibition of tritium release, presumably via an action on presynaptic muscarinic receptors, which was also blocked by scopolamine. These results suggest that there may be an indirect component in the action of meptazinol which may be related to a previous finding in which the antinociceptive response to meptazinol in the mouse was antagonised by both scopolamine and naloxone. PMID- 6527746 TI - The characterization of 5-HT receptors. Introduction. PMID- 6527747 TI - Neuronal 5-HT receptors in the periphery. AB - 5-Hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) induces responses in neurones from all branches of the mammalian peripheral nervous system. Responses may be excitatory or inhibitory and are mediated through at least four distinct receptor sites. One receptor mediates excitation in motoneurones and preganglionic sympathetic neurones and can be designated a D (or possibly 5-HT2) receptor since "classical" antagonists such as methysergide, metergoline or cinanserin are potent and selective antagonists at this site. A second receptor mediating neuronal excitation can be positively identified on the basis of susceptibility to blockade by small concentrations of 1 alpha H,3 alpha,5 alpha H-tropan-3-yl-3,5-dichlorobenzoate (MDL 72222) and the weak or negligible affinity, relative to 5-HT, of certain agonists such as 5-methoxytryptamine. Such sites mediate depolarization of sympathetic and parasympathetic neurones and excitation of both the cell bodies and terminals of primary afferent fibres. A third receptor, mediating neuronal excitation, is the classical M-receptor of Gaddum and Picarelli, at this stage clearly identified only on postganglionic parasympathetic neurones of the guinea pig myenteric plexus. These sites can be differentiated from other excitatory 5 HT receptors since MDL 72222 is neither potent nor selective as an antagonist and 5-methoxytryptamine approaches the potency of 5-HT as an agonist. (3 alpha Homotropanyl)-1-methyl-5-fluoro-indole-3-carboxylic acid is a potent, surmountable antagonist of 5-HT at the M-receptor of the ileum, but is non selective. Neuronal inhibitory responses have been observed using electrophysiological techniques or by monitoring the decrease in depolarization evoked release of transmitter in enteric, parasympathetic and sympathetic neurones. Largely negative results, using selective agonists and antagonists, allow the receptor(s) mediating inhibition to be clearly differentiated from the three neuronal excitatory receptors for 5-HT. Comparison of relative potencies of agonists suggests similarities with the 5-HT1 recognition site of the central nervous system; no selective antagonist has yet emerged to permit their positive identification. PMID- 6527748 TI - Pseudoneurotic and pseudopsychopathic schizophrenia: a follow-up. AB - A series of 67 pseudoneurotic and pseudopsychopathic schizophrenics were followed up. The prognosis was good insofar as these psychoses do not develop schizophrenic deterioration. Complete recoveries are rare, as borderline characteristics tend to persist. We only considered 5 cases as completely recovered. The hospital diagnosis was predominantly reactive psychoses, and the largest group of close relatives also had reactive psychoses. The distinction between pseudoneurotic and pseudopsychopathic schizophrenia is fairly reliable. By independent coding of 64 cases, the authors agreed on about 58 cases and disagreed on about 6 cases. PMID- 6527749 TI - Basal plasma HGH and cortisol levels and the effect of clonidine administration in female migrainous patients. AB - Clonidine, a central alpha-adrenergic agent and prophylactic antimigraine drug is known to stimulate human growth hormone (HGH) release and to suppress cortisol secretion. A possible association between basal hormonal levels and response to either acute clonidine test or chronic treatment in female migrainous patients was investigated. 15 females, aged 18-43 years, suffering from migraine, underwent an acute clonidine test by administration of a single oral dose of 0.15 mg. High basal HGH levels (greater than or equal to 9 ng/ml) were observed in 6 patients, while the other 9 patients demonstrated normal low basal HGH levels. Acute clonidine administration induced a marked rise of HGH in 8 of the 9 patients with low basal HGH. In 4 of the 8 responders HGH levels exceeded 20 ng/ml and 3 subjects reached the acromegalic range (greater than 90 ng/ml). The mean response in this group was higher than in a reference group consisting of children and adolescents. It is suggested that the basal hypersecretion and the hyperresponsiveness of HGH to clonidine provocation test in some migrainous patients results from a hypersensitivity of the central alpha-adrenergic receptors. 12 of the 15 females were treated for 10 weeks with clonidine at gradually increased doses of 0.05 mg/day up to a maximal dose of 0.15 mg/day. A marked suppressive effect on cortisol secretion was observed in the migrainous patients after acute and chronic administration of clonidine. No correlation was observed between HGH and cortisol response to acute or chronic clonidine administration and the prophylactic effect of clonidine on migraine. PMID- 6527750 TI - Effects of distraction on the contingent negative variation in presenile dementia and normal subjects. AB - The authors recorded contingent negative variation (CNV) in a group of subjects affected by presenile dementia, at the onset of the symptoms, with a slight degree of intellectual deterioration. Recordings were carried out in rest basal conditions and upon administration of an insignificant distracting stimulus. Results were compared with data obtained in a group of normal subjects of the same age under the same experimental conditions. In the patients a marked decrease of the wave was observed upon the administration of a distracting stimulus. PMID- 6527751 TI - Effects of high and low dosage of haloperidol on the brain in relation to schizophrenic thought disorder. AB - The drug difference between a low and a high dosage of haloperidol was investigated in 40 acutely ill schizophrenic patients. All patients were classified as being thought disordered or non-thought disordered schizophrenic using psychometric methods. From the pool of 40 patients two groups were randomly chosen for the double-blind study, one group receiving 80 mg of liquid haloperidol daily, the other group 16 mg of liquid haloperidol daily. On 5 days during the 21-day treatment the psychopathological state of the patient was evaluated by means of the AMDP system. PMID- 6527752 TI - Mechanism of tyramine-induced migraine: similarity with dopamine and interactions with disulfiram and propranolol in migraine patients. AB - In a double-blind crossover study, 8 patients with classical migraine received disulfiram (400 mg/day) for 6 days, alternating with matched placebo tablets at 2 weekly intervals. Intravenous dopamine and tyramine pressor tests were performed on the 3rd and 6th days of each phase, respectively. 50-75% of patients experienced migraine attacks within 24 h of a test. There was no difference in the incidence of attacks between dopamine and tyramine injections. The number of migraine-free days was more during the placebo week than during disulfiram treatment (p less than 0.05). The post-tyramine migraine index correlated directly with the amount of tyramine administered during the dose-response test (r = 0.66), but no such relationship was found with dopamine. In a further study, post-tyramine migraine was observed in only 1 of 5 patients treated with propranolol (80 mg/day) for 4 weeks. Neither disulfiram nor propranolol influenced the tyramine pressor sensitivity. It is concluded that increased adrenergic activity is responsible for more frequent attacks during disulfiram medication. A similar mechanism probably is responsible for post dopamine/tyramine migraine in susceptible subjects. It is unlikely that tyramine plays any specific role, except via its effect on the adrenergic system, in the pathogenesis of migraine attacks. However, the tyramine challenge test can be useful in the evaluation of a putative antimigranous activity of a new drug. PMID- 6527753 TI - Effect of the alkaloid (-)-cathinone on the release of radioactivity from rat striatal tissue prelabelled with 3H-serotonin. AB - The alkaloid (-)-cathinone, which accounts for the stimulating properties of khat leaves, has a pharmacological profile closely resembling that of (+)-amphetamine. Since amphetamine is known to induce release at CNS serotonin storage sites, experiments were performed to determine whether (-)-cathinone also displays this aspect of amphetamine action. When the effects of (-)-cathinone and (+) amphetamine on the release of radioactivity from rat striatal tissue prelabelled with 3H-serotonin were compared, it was found that (-)-cathinone had a releasing effect similar to that of (+)-amphetamine, although it was only one third as potent. Thus, the khat alkaloid (-)-cathinone appears to share an important effect of (+)-amphetamine on serotoninergic neurotransmission. PMID- 6527754 TI - Low doses of brotizolam and nitrazepam as hypnotics in the elderly. AB - 0.125 mg brotizolam and 2.5 mg nitrazepam proved to be equipotent in promoting and maintaining sleep in 29 elderly patients used to long-term hypnotics. These drugs were superior to placebo and they were excellently tolerated. The drugs were administered in a random order, double-blind, for 7 nights each. PMID- 6527755 TI - Relationship between schizophrenia and psychosomatic illness: a review. AB - For centuries, a relationship between physical illness and mental illness has been assumed. Following this lead, many reports of an inverse relationship between a number of physical disorders and schizophrenia have appeared. Particularly, the low rates of occurrence of certain psychosomatic illnesses in schizophrenic patients seem to indicate a certain biological and psychodynamic basis. These associations are important in that they may unravel important etiological relationships. Furthermore, they are amenable to testing by epidemiological investigations. Hence there is a need to pursue these studies. The current data no doubt provide impetus for further work and directions for future studies. Well controlled and methodologically sound studies in this area may be of immense value in our understanding of the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. PMID- 6527756 TI - Comparison of the emotional effects of a beta-adrenergic blocking agent and a tranquilizer under different situational conditions. I. Anxiety-arousing situations. AB - This study investigated the emotional effects of the beta-adrenergic blocking agent oxprenolol (40 mg, p.o.) and the tranquilizing agent diazepam (5 mg, p.o.) in healthy subjects under three situational conditions: an emotionally neutral control situation and two situations designed to arouse different levels of anxiety. Both oxprenolol and diazepam induced positive emotional changes only in the more strongly anxiety-arousing situation. Significant differences between oxprenolol and diazepam in inducing emotional stabilization were not demonstrable. PMID- 6527757 TI - Single case experiments in psychopharmacological trials. AB - Single case experiments have been used to make pharmacotherapeutic decision making more objective. 4 single case experiments are presented. In the case of 3 patients the question was whether flunitrazepam (Rohypnol) should be administered. In the 4th patient the issue was whether self-administration of Limbitrol (amitriptyline + chlordiazepoxide) should be terminated. Planning and analysis of these experiments was carried out by the randomization test. PMID- 6527758 TI - Classification of drugs by stereotactic recording of focal brain activity in the rat (stereo-EEG). AB - A new electrophysiological model is described in which different types of psychoactive drugs can be differentiated from each other in the rat. Simultaneous focal recording of electrical activity from three brain regions in the presence of accumulating drug actions is followed by a calculation of the EEG power density spectrum. Division of the spectrum into 5 frequency bands for each brain region allows to evaluate a total of 15 variables. The values obtained after the last of 8 drug dosages are taken for a stepwise discriminant analysis. A distinct separation of amphetamine, chlorpromazine, diazepam and imipramine from placebo is achieved. The discriminant function obtained will serve for further drug classification. PMID- 6527759 TI - Variability of evoked-potential response to regularly repeated stimulation with checkerboard pattern-reversal and flashlight in healthy volunteers. AB - Pattern-reversal and flash-evoked potentials (EP) were analyzed in 20 healthy male volunteers (age 40-49 years) to investigate the response variability to monotonously repeated stimulation. The EPs were recorded over O2-T6. Each stimulus train consisted of 256 sweeps. The digitized signals were averaged in four consecutive, non-overlapping blocks, each consisting of 64 sweeps. The subjects were classified according to Q-factor analysis on the basis of five primary personality factors. Two-factorial analyses of variance (repeated measurement) were calculated on the baseline differences with the personality type as grouping factor. The amplitudes of the pattern-reversal EP were increased, those of the flash EP, with one exception, decreased as the stimuli were successively repeated. Differential effects of the personality type on the latencies of the positive components of both VEPs were observed. PMID- 6527760 TI - Naloxone reduces alcohol intake in a free-choice procedure even when both drinking bottles contain saccharin sodium or quinine substances. AB - Male Wistar rats were able to drink water and different percentages of ethyl alcohol in a free-choice paradigm. Our results showed a clear-cut preference for 2 and 3% ethanol concentration. Addition of quinine in both drinking bottles increased preference for alcohol, while dilution of saccharin in both bottles totally suppressed this preference for the alcohol bottle. In this alcohol-water choice procedure, naloxone decreased the amount of alcohol intake without altering the amount drunk from the water bottle. This decrease was independent of the palatable or nonpalatable substances added to alcohol and also independent of the percentage of alcohol. Interpretation was done in terms of action of naloxone on the rewarding property of alcohol, or in terms of satiety mechanism for alcohol regulated by naloxone. PMID- 6527761 TI - 5-Hydroxytryptamine uptake by blood platelets of unipolar and bipolar depressed patients. AB - The active transport of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5HT) by blood platelets of unipolar and bipolar depressed patients was determined. The 5HT uptake by platelets of bipolar patients was determined in depressive, euthymic and manic states. The 5HT uptake was always followed by studying platelets of healthy individuals of the same sex and age. The results confirm the known fact that there is a decreased 5HT active transport in platelets of unipolar depressed patients. On the other hand, the amount of 5HT transported by platelets of bipolar depressed patients was higher than that observed in platelets of healthy individuals. In manic and euthymic bipolar patients the uptake was similar to their matched controls. PMID- 6527762 TI - Rorschach markers in euthymic manic-depressive illness. AB - Bipolar manic-depressive patients in remission are considered normal by phenomenological criteria but many psychotherapists have noted specific personality markers. The Rorschach test was chosen to study such personality markers since it may provide rich information at a psychological level distant from overt behavior and symptoms. 35 bipolar manic-depressives in a euthymic state were tested with the Rorschach Projective Technique. The scores were analyzed using Exner's Comprehensive System methods and compared with his stratified normal control sample. Nine variables differentiated the patients from controls so that at least 50% of the patients were beyond one standard deviation from the controls' mean. These variables might be personality expressions of the genetic predisposition to bipolar illness and might thus be measurable even when the patients are clinically free of affective illness. PMID- 6527763 TI - Cerebral dominance in biological perspective. PMID- 6527764 TI - Auditory extinction following hemisphere damage. AB - Extinction to the simultaneous presentation of sounds to both ears was investigated in patients with acute cerebrovascular disease and found to be present in nearly half of the patients in the early stage of stroke. The occurrence of the symptom was not significantly different following damage to either hemisphere, but a higher percentage of right brain-damaged patients tended to show extinction for a longer time. However, this finding must be evaluated with caution since a greater number of left- than right-hemisphere patients had to be excluded from the investigation because aphasia precluded their understanding test instructions. The presence of auditory extinction was not related to that of visual extinction and there were patients with severe visual neglect who did not extinguish in the auditory modality. These findings and CT scan evidence, indicating that patients with long-lasting extinction had lesions encroaching upon the auditory pathways, suggest that in number of cases the phenomenon may have a sensory and not an attentional basis. PMID- 6527765 TI - Alexia in recent and late Broca's aphasia. AB - The hypothesis was tested that alexia associated with Broca's aphasia may often be a residual receptive disorder of a broader picture of global aphasia. It was found that alexia does tend to be associated, as expected, to the long-standing Broca's aphasias more often than to the recent ones. However, the CT scan failed to disclose larger and more posterior lesions in Broca's alexic than in Broca's non-alexic patients. PMID- 6527766 TI - [Hemispheric dominance for speech and calculation: electrophysiologic correlates of left dominance in left handedness]. AB - Slow brain potentials were recorded in left-handers and right-handers during: (i) processing of language and mental arithmetic tasks, without vocalization, and (ii) subsequent writing down of the answers with either the right or left hand. Left-sided laterality of negative potentials was taken as evidence of hemispheric dominance. It appeared during the processing of words and numbers in 26 of the 30 left-handers and was localized mainly in the left frontal and temporal parietal regions. Similar results were found with the right-handers. This electrophysiological evidence indicates that the left hemisphere is dominant for language and calculation in the vast majority of left-handers. Only when writing with either their left or right hand do left-handers show less left-sided laterality than right-handers. PMID- 6527767 TI - Hemispheric asymmetry for a visuo-spatial task in monkeys. AB - The hypothesis that hemispheric asymmetries for visuo-spatial ability exist in rhesus monkeys was tested using a task for which the right hemisphere is specialized in man. The task required discrimination between two squares, one containing a central dot and the other a dot displaced upwards from centre. The animals' thresholds were determined before and after left-sided (LH-lesion) or right-sided (RH-lesion) unilateral occipital lobectomy combined with splenial transection, and the percentage change in threshold calculated. The LH-lesion monkeys were all worse than the RH-lesion monkeys on this measure, indicating the existence of a functional asymmetry. PMID- 6527768 TI - Further evidence that amygdala and hippocampus contribute equally to recognition memory. AB - The medial temporal neuropathology found in an amnesic neurosurgical patient [17] was simulated in monkeys in an attempt to determine whether the patient's mnemonic disorder, which had been ascribed to bilateral hippocampal destruction, may have also been due in part to unilateral amygdaloid removal. For this purpose, monkeys were prepared with bilateral hippocampectomy combined with unilateral amygdalectomy, and (as a control) bilateral amygdalectomy combined with unilateral hippocampectomy. The animals were trained both before and after surgery on a one-trial visual recognition task requiring memory of single objects for 10 sec each and then given a postoperative performance test in which their one-trial recognition ability was taxed with longer delays (up to 2 min) and longer lists (up to 10 objects). The two groups, which did not differ reliably at any stage, obtained average scores on the performance test 75 and 80%, respectively. Comparison with the results of an earlier experiment [8] indicates that this performance level lies approximately midway between that of monkeys with amygdaloid or hippocampal removals alone (91%) and that of monkeys with combined amygdalo-hippocampal removals (60%). The results point to a direct quantitative relationship between degree of recognition impairment and amount of conjoint damage to the amygdala and hippocampus irrespective of the specific structure involved. Evidence from neurosurgical cases tested in visual recognition [21] indicates that the same conclusion may apply to man. PMID- 6527769 TI - Cortical projections arising from the basal forebrain: a study of cholinergic and noncholinergic components employing combined retrograde tracing and immunohistochemical localization of choline acetyltransferase. AB - The neurochemical identity of ascending putative cholinergic pathways from the rat basal forebrain was investigated employing a method for simultaneously visualizing choline acetyltransferase immunoreactivity and retrogradely transported horseradish peroxidase-conjugated wheatgerm agglutinin. This histochemical procedure revealed three distinct populations of neurons: (1) cells which stained only for choline acetyltransferase immunoreactivity; (2) cells which stained only for retrograde tracer and (3) cells which stained simultaneously for choline acetyltransferase immunoreactivity and retrograde tracer. The results demonstrated that this projection is topographically organized and consists of both cholinergic and noncholinergic components. The relative contribution of each component varied with the telencephalic target area as follows: the olfactory bulb receives a projection from cells of the horizontal limb nucleus, 10-20% of which are cholinergic (Ch3); the hippocampal formation receives afferents from cells of the medial septal and vertical limb nuclei, 35 45% of which are cholinergic (Ch1 and Ch2); and the cortical mantle receives afferents primarily from cells within the substantia innominata-nucleus basalis complex, 80-90% of which are cholinergic (Ch4). The topographical organization of Ch4 projections is not as completely differentiated as we have previously observed in the primate. PMID- 6527770 TI - Dynamic interactions of evoked potentials in a polysensory cortex of the cat. AB - Interactions of acoustic and somatosensory evoked potentials were studied in the anterior suprasylvian gyrus of the cat. Two kinds of interaction could be observed: occlusion or facilitation. In most cases occlusion was observed. The interactions showed dynamic changes and were susceptible to different kinds of influences. After having determined the control values of interaction over a period of several minutes, reversible enhancement of occlusion was observed after synchronous activation of the acoustic and somatosensory inputs with 2 Hz frequency. The same effect could be observed during stimulation of the mesencephalic reticular formation with 200 Hz frequency. The interactions could also be influenced by amphetamine and gamma-glutamyltaurine, known as drugs capable of influencing the arousal level of the brain. During treatment with amphetamine the interaction was shifted in the facilitatory direction. The antagonists of amphetamine (haloperidol and reserpine) prevented this effect. The authors suggest that the interactions of acoustic and somatosensory responses are mediated by interneurons (inhibitory and/or excitatory) and particular stimulus situations and drugs are able to modify the equilibrium between excitatory and inhibitory subsystems. PMID- 6527772 TI - Modulation of noradrenaline uptake and release by taurine in rat cerebral slices. AB - The effects of taurine on the uptake and release of noradrenaline were studied in forebrain slices from control rats and from rats treated with a taurine-free diet supplemented with 2-guanidinoethanesulphonate. Exogenous taurine slightly increased noradrenaline uptake in slices from untreated rats. There were no significant effects by exogenous taurine on spontaneous efflux of noradrenaline. The potassium-stimulated noradrenaline release was enhanced by taurine from frontal cortical slices and suppressed from occipital slices but only in the diet group, in which the endogenous brain taurine concentration had been lowered to one-half of the control concentration. It is suggested that taurine may act via presynaptic alpha-adrenoceptors and/or modify the availability of calcium for the stimulus-secretion coupling process. PMID- 6527771 TI - Directional selectivity in the responses of units in cat primary visual cortex to passive eye movement. AB - The responses of single units in the primary visual cortex (Area 17) of anaesthetized, paralysed cats, to passive movement of the ipsilateral eye were studied. Responses to passive eye movement were found in about one-third of the cortical units isolated. Appropriate control experiments excluded visual, auditory and cutaneous inputs as the source of the effective signal during passive eye movement. The magnitudes of the responses to a number (usually four) of radial directions of passive eye movement were estimated from sets of peristimulus time histograms "interleaved" in time. Units were defined as "radially selective" if the responses to movement along one radius (e.g. vertically upwards) exceeded that along at least one other orthogonal radius (e.g. horizontal-temporal). Of 60 units tested, 53 (88%) were "radially selective" according to this definition. Some of the "radially selective" units showed an additional type of specificity to passive eye movement: (a) Some units responded preferentially to movement along one of the arcs of passive eye movement which were tested (e.g. vertical movement above the equator of the orbit). These units we have called "arc selective". (b) Other units were sensitive to the direction of movement and preferred movement in a particular direction over more than one arc (e.g. horizontal movement towards the temporal side in both nasal and temporal halves of the orbit). These we have called "direction selective". Twenty-one "radially selective" units showed one of these additional properties, nine were arc selective and twelve were direction selective. The implications of these results for the understanding of the function of orbital proprioceptive signals in the cortex are discussed briefly. Responses to passive eye movement were found in all of layers II-VI in Area 17 and the implications of this for the understanding of the pathway by which orbital proprioceptive signals reach the primary visual cortex are discussed. The experiments have shown that many units in cat visual cortex respond to passive eye movement and that most of these units have some specificity for particular radial directions of movement while some have additional specific properties. We believe that these properties of radial, directional and arc sensitivity are likely to be important in understanding the function of the orbital proprioceptive signal which arises during eye movement and they are particularly interesting in relation to the findings of others that this proprioceptive signal appears to be concerned in the normal development of visual properties in the cortex and in the control of visually guided movement in adult cats. PMID- 6527773 TI - The distribution of serotonin binding sites in the hippocampal region of the rat brain. An autoradiographic study. AB - The distribution of serotonin binding sites was studied in the rat hippocampal region by using contact-film autoradiography after in vitro incubations of brain sections with 5-[3H]hydroxytryptamine, [3H]spiperone, and [3H]ketanserin, respectively. Biochemical studies of the 5-[3H]hydroxytryptamine binding to sections cut through the hippocampal region showed that at saturating concentrations of 5-[3H]hydroxytryptamine (2-2.5 nM) the specific binding was at least 50% of the total. The 5-[3H]hydroxytryptamine binding sites were found to be heterogeneously distributed within the hippocampal region with the highest densities present in the following parts: layers I and II and layers IV through VI of the entorhinal area, the radial layer of the subiculum and subfield CA1 of the Ammon's horn and the molecular layer of the area dentata. Moderate to low densities of binding was observed in layer III of the entorhinal area, the pre- and parasubiculum, the stratum pyramidale of the Ammon's horn, and the granular cell layer of the area dentata. Removal of the 5-hydroxytryptamine nerve terminals by systemic injections of the 5-hydroxytryptamine neurotoxin parachloroamphetamine resulted in no detectable reductions of 5 [3H]hydroxytryptamine binding in any brain region. Lesions of hippocampal cell bodies by intrahippocampal injections of ibotenic acid prevented the binding of 5 [3H]hydroxytryptamine within the area of the cell loss. Comparisons between the distribution of 5-hydroxytryptamine immunoreactive nerve terminals and the 5 [3H]hydroxytryptamine binding sites showed that in some areas of sparse 5 hydroxytryptamine innervation the 5-[3H]hydroxytryptamine binding was close to background (e.g. the pyramidal cell layer, the stratum lucidum) whereas in areas with little 5-[3H]hydroxytryptamine binding (e.g. layer III of the lateral entorhinal area, the presubiculum) a very dense 5-hydroxytryptamine innervation was found. The hippocampal 5-[3H]hydroxytryptamine binding was displaced neither by ketanserin (1 microM) nor by spiperone (1 microM), two drugs that bind to cortical 5-hydroxytryptamine2 receptors in the rat brain. Furthermore, the pattern of hippocampal [3H]spiperone binding differed considerably from that of 5 [3H]hydroxytryptamine. The [3H]ketanserin binding in the hippocampal region did not exceed background levels, except in the hilus of area dentata in the ventral hippocampus and entorhinal layer VI at the same level, where moderate binding was found.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6527774 TI - Guidance of acetylcholinesterase-containing fibres by target tissue in co cultured brain slices. AB - Slices of various brain regions were prepared from newborn and from 7-day old rats and co-cultured in different combinations. In the majority of co-cultures of septal and hippocampal slices, acetylcholinesterase-positive fibres originating in the septal nuclei invaded the adjacent hippocampal slice. A similar pattern of hippocampal ingrowth by acetylcholinesterase-positive fibres occurred with slices prepared from the nucleus basalis of Meynert and from spinal cord. Septal neurones also projected to cortical slices, an effect which even occurred in the presence of their natural target tissue. In contrast to these massive projections to brain areas which in situ receive cholinergic inputs, no significant acetylcholinesterase-positive fibre ingrowth was observed in tissues which lack major cholinergic afferents in situ (hypothalamus, substantia nigra and cerebellum). These results indicate that under our culture conditions, acetylcholinesterase-positive fibres selectively invade cholinergic target areas. This effect is independent of the brain area from which the cholinergic neurones were derived. PMID- 6527775 TI - The role of brain edema in epileptic brain damage induced by systemic kainic acid injection. AB - Edema formation and blood-brain barrier permeability was studied in animals with epileptic seizures induced by subcutaneous injection of kainic acid. Brain edema was most pronounced between 3 and 24 h after kainic acid injection. It was reflected by massive swelling of perineuronal and perivascular astroglia. Three hours after kainic acid perivascular astroglia swelling resulted in disturbance of local microcirculation in the affected brain areas. In addition, compression of drainage veins by the edematous brain induced focal perivenous hemorrhages similar to herniation damage in human brain edema. Tracer studies with sodium fluorescein, Evans blue, albumin and horseradish peroxidase revealed only a mild increase in the permeability of cerebral vessels, topographically unrelated to areas of brain edema. This finding indicates the presence of cytotoxic brain edema in kainic acid-induced epileptic brain damage. Treatment of brain edema with dexamethasone did not influence the incidence and severity of kainic acid induced epileptic brain damage. However, in 54% of animals injected with kainic acid, lesions were completely prevented by treatment of brain edema with mannitol. The present results indicate that brain edema plays an important role in the pathogenesis of epileptic brain damage following systemic kainic acid intoxication. It is suggested that in this model of limbic epilepsy the brain edema is due to the massive ionic imbalance elicited in the affected brain regions by the kainic acid-induced persistent neuronal excitation. PMID- 6527776 TI - Two neuronal systems are involved in a classical conditioning in the rat. AB - Unit activity of the hippocampus, the centrum-medianum-parafascicularis and medialis dorsalis nuclei of the thalamus, was recorded in chronic rats during a classical conditioning; neocortical electroencephalographic and somatic responses were also recorded. Conditioned unit responses of the different groups of neurons were compared according to the precocity of their appearance, their stability, their latency and the differentiation between the positive (reinforced) and the negative (non-reinforced) conditioned stimuli. Conditioned unit responses of type I hippocampal neurons (probably pyramids) and of neurons located in the centrum medianum-parafascicularis nucleus did not differentiate between the positive and negative conditioned stimuli; they progressed rapidly, then declined and disappeared. They were contemporary with an initial conditioning stage which was characterized by undifferentiated arousal responses (desynchrony of electroencephalographic activity) to both conditioned stimuli. Conditioned unit responses of type II hippocampal neurons (probably granule cells or interneurons of the fascia dentata) and of neurons located in the medialis dorsalis nucleus progressed slowly and differentiated between the conditioned stimuli during a late conditioning stage which was characterized by the regression of arousal responses and the differentiation of somatic responses. These data strongly suggest that two neuronal systems, each having a different role, are involved in classical conditioning in the rat. PMID- 6527777 TI - Normal postnatal development of retinogeniculate axons and terminals and identification of inappropriately-located transient synapses: electron microscope studies of horseradish peroxidase-labelled retinal axons in the hamster. AB - Axons from the eyes reach the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus of the hamster at birth and both crossed and uncrossed axons spread throughout the nucleus within which they overlap extensively between postnatal days 2-6, before segregating to terminate in different parts of the nucleus by days 8-10 [So, Schneider and Frost (1978) Brain Res. 142, 343-352]. We have labelled retinal axons and their terminations between the day of birth (day 0) and day 6 by injecting one eye with horseradish peroxidase a few hours prior to sacrifice. Labelled profiles were then systematically sought, identified and their position determined, by electron microscope study of large frontal thin sections of both dorsal lateral geniculate nuclei. Labelled crossed and a few labelled uncrossed axons were present at day 0 and became progressively more common over the following few days; appropriately located labelled uncrossed axons and terminals in the centromedial part of the nucleus (future ipsilateral sector) were relatively less common than labelled crossed axons in the ventrolateral part of the nucleus (part of the future contralateral sector), particularly between days 0 and 3. Synaptic contacts established by such labelled axons were characterized by predominantly electron lucent spherical presynaptic vesicles and a prominent postsynaptic density. At day 4, labelled uncrossed axons made synaptic contact in the future contralateral sector (which is devoid of uncrossed input after days 8-10) and a few crossed axons made synaptic contacts in the future ipsilateral sector (devoid of crossed input after days 8-10). Such terminals and their synaptic contacts, were identical to appropriately-located ones in the same material. Inappropriately located terminals were not found in the future contralateral sector at day 6, or in adults. No specialized contacts were observed between inappropriately-located axons or terminals and either other axon terminals or glial cell processes. Thus, during the development of the hamster retinogeniculate projection, inappropriately-located axons establish transient synaptic contacts with geniculate cells, and these contacts are lost as the segregated adult pattern of projections is established.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6527778 TI - Neuronal/glial plasticity in the supraoptic dendritic zone: dendritic bundling and double synapse formation at parturition. AB - The magnocellular neurosecretory cells of the supraoptic nucleus increase production and release of oxytocin and/or vasopressin under such conditions as parturition, lactation and dehydration. These stimuli have been shown to result in increased direct apposition of neuronal membranes and the formation of double synapses (one presynaptic terminal contacting two postsynaptic elements) within the supraoptic nucleus at the level of the cell bodies. These morphological changes are due to the retraction of the thin glial processes which are normally interposed between adjacent neurons. The present study was undertaken to ascertain whether, and to what extent, neuronal/glial plasticity occurs in the dendritic zone (i.e. the ventral glial laminar area) of the supraoptic nucleus. The instances of two or more dendrites with membrane in direct apposition (dendritic bundles), the number of dendrites per bundle, the amount of dendritic membrane in direct apposition and the percentage of dendrites contacted by double synapses were quantified at the ultrastructural level in virgin female, prepartum (21 days of gestation), postpartum (day of parturition) and lactating rats. All parameters measured varied significantly with the hormone demand states created by pregnancy and lactation, apparently due to glial retraction. Moreover, in the 2-24 h period between pre- and postpartum there was a significant increase in the number of dendrites per bundle, dendritic membrane in direct apposition and the percentage of dendrites contacted by double synapses. This time course corresponds to the known increased release of oxytocin and vasopressin at parturition. These findings constitute the first demonstration that dendritic bundles and double synapses occur in the ventral glial lamina/dendritic zone of the supraoptic nucleus and vary under the physiological conditions of pregnancy, parturition and lactation. PMID- 6527779 TI - The efferent connections of the nuclei of the descending trigeminal tract in the mallard (Anas platyrhynchos L.). AB - The efferent and intranuclear connections of the nuclei of the descending trigeminal tract of the mallard have been studied with lesion methods, and by axonal transport techniques following injections of tritiated leucine, and of horseradish peroxidase. The large subnucleus oralis neurons, including those belonging to the nucleus of the ascending glossopharyngeal tract, have proven to be the sole origin of trigeminocerebellar connections. The cerebellar afferents are of the mossy fiber type, and terminate predominantly in lobules V, VI and VII, and possibly, lobule IV. Trigeminocerebellar projections are ipsilateral except for the vermal area. Subnucleus interpolaris is the main source of intratrigeminal fibers that terminate in subnucleus oralis and the ventral part of the main sensory nucleus. These intranuclear connections are bilateral, but the medium-celled caudal part of subnucleus interpolaris in particular contains the majority of bi- and/or contralaterally projecting neurons. Additionally, the small cells in the rostral part of subnucleus interpolaris project ipsilaterally upon the parabrachial region, and upon the lateral reticular formation. Projections upon the parabrachial region furthermore emanate bilaterally from layer I of the rostral subnucleus caudalis. A minor part of layer I neurons sends its axons contralaterally along with those of the dorsal column nuclei toward the thalamic nucleus dorsolateralis posterior. Associated with the medial lemniscus, contralateral termination is also present in the lateral part of the ventral lamella of oliva caudalis, in the marginal zone of nucleus mesencephalicus lateralis, pars dorsalis and immediately surrounding intercollicular grey and, finally, in the nucleus intercalatus thalami. Furthermore, a bilaterally descending projection from subnucleus caudalis upon layers I and II of the rostral cervical cord was observed. Close to their origin subnucleus caudalis neurons project upon the adjoining caudal part of the lateral reticular formation. PMID- 6527780 TI - Pyramidal neurones of the dorsal cochlear nucleus: a Golgi and computer reconstruction study in cat. AB - The main projection neurones of the dorsal cochlear nucleus, termed pyramidal, bipolar or fusiform cells, have an apical dendritic arbor approaching the ependymal surface of the nucleus and a basal arbor oppositely directed. In Golgi Del Rio-Hortega material these neurones were studied, with the light microscope, in nonconventional planes of sectioning oriented across or parallel to the main axis of the elongated nucleus. The pyramidal neurones were seen to be flattened across this axis. The size, shape and orientation of 21 cells from six blocks were studied in detail with computer-aided graphic reconstructions including stereo views. Camera lucida drawings of each cell (usually from several sections) were digitized to obtain x and y coordinates while z coordinates (depths in the tissue) were read from the fine focus knob during microscopy and typed interactively during digitization. The z values were corrected for the effects of refractive index differences in the optical system. Since it was the aim of this study to focus on some fundamental principles of structure and arrangement of pyramidal cells in the dorsal cochlear nucleus rather than on topographic variations, only the middle, regularly built part of the nucleus was examined. Towards the ends of the nucleus the architecture is less regular and will require separate analysis. Measurements of arbor and total cell height and of dendritic length are given. The height of the apical and basal arbor in individual cells showed considerable reciprocity. The total dendritic length was up to 8300 micron (average 6536 micron). The basal arbors always proved to be conspicuously flattened; roughly, the width varied between about 300 and 700 micron (average 489 micron) and the thickness between 65 and 105 micron (average 80 micron). The apical arbors were also often flattened but much less and with a greater variability than the basal arbors (average width 319 micron, thickness 115 micron). The two arbors of individual cells were practically coplanar, the arbor planes showing only moderate angularity (bend) and/or torsion relative to each other (angularity maximum 10 degrees, average 5 degrees; torsion maximum 18 degrees, average 6 degrees). The mutual orientation of cells from the same block was examined. The planes through the basal arbors proved to be very parallel, the differences in orientation angles being between 10 and 0 degrees with rare exceptions. Clearly flattened, apical arbors showed a somewhat greater spread.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6527781 TI - Autoradiographic localization of binding sites for [3H]histamine and H1- and H2 antagonists on cultured neurones and glial cells. AB - By means of autoradiography we have studied the cellular localization of binding of [3H]histamine and H1- and H2-antagonists in explant cultures of rat cerebellum, brain stem and spinal cord. In brain stem and spinal cord cultures, a relatively great number of neurones revealed binding sites for [3H]histamine and to a lesser extent also for the H1-antagonist [3H]pyrilamine and for the H2 antagonist [3H]tiotidine. In contrast, only a small number of labelled neurones was found in cerebellar cultures. The intensity of labelling was usually much stronger for [3H]histamine than for its antagonists, suggesting that binding sites for histamine might reflect both H1- and H2-receptors. Glial cells also showed binding sites for [3H]histamine and the H1- and H2-antagonists, the number of labelled astrocytes by these radioligands was, however, smaller than that observed with [3H]noradrenaline and alpha- and beta-adrenergic antagonists. It is suggested that in addition to alpha- and beta-adrenoceptors, glial cells also possess receptors for histamine. PMID- 6527782 TI - Characterization of chromaffin-like cells in the canine sympathetic chain by enzyme immunohistochemistry and quantitation of their distribution. AB - Some of the paravertebral sympathetic ganglia of the dog contain relatively large amounts of dopamine, which we have suggested previously is localized in dopaminergic neurones. However, the possibility exists that intraganglionic chromaffin-like cells may also be a source of dopamine. In order to resolve this question, we have examined the distribution of chromaffin-like cells in dog paravertebral ganglia (T7-S2) using formaldehyde-induced fluorescence of catecholamines and immunohistochemical localization of dopa decarboxylase, dopamine beta-hydroxylase and phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase. The results have been compared with levels of the different endogenous catecholamines in equivalent ganglia. Clusters of between 20 and several thousand chromaffin-like cells were randomly present in ganglia at all levels of the chain, and were most common in the more caudal segments (L4 or below); but many ganglia contained no cells. About 24,000 chromaffin-like cells were found in 18 ganglia from six animals which were stained for dopa decarboxylase and dopamine beta-hydroxylase. In 16 of these ganglia, all of the 17,000 cells present contained both enzymes, indicating that they could synthesize noradrenaline. In the remaining two ganglia, 500 out of 7000 cells contained dopa decarboxylase, and therefore were capable of synthesizing dopamine, but appeared to lack the dopamine beta hydroxylase necessary to convert this to noradrenaline. Five ganglia from three other dogs were stained for dopamine beta-hydroxylase and phenylethanolamine N methyltransferase. A further 2600 cells were found in these ganglia and both enzymes were present in all of the cells, indicating that they could all synthesize adrenaline. Biochemical estimates of the various catecholamines showed that ganglia containing appreciable amounts of adrenaline had similar distributions to those containing chromaffin-like cells in the same animals. High concentrations of adrenaline were often correlated with high concentrations of noradrenaline but were not correlated with high concentrations of dopamine. It is concluded that paravertebral chromaffin-like cells in the dog store adrenaline, and also perhaps noradrenaline, but not dopamine. The high concentrations of dopamine found in certain ganglia cannot therefore be attributed to the presence of these cells. The erratic distribution of chromaffin-like cells suggests that they are unlikely to fulfil any general role in modulation of ganglionic transmission. PMID- 6527783 TI - Biochemical and functional properties of large and small dense-core vesicles in sympathetic nerves of rat and ox vas deferens. AB - A comparative study of the noradrenaline storing vesicles in vas deferens from ox and rat was performed. Microsomal fractions were subjected to density gradient centrifugation. In rat, noradrenaline and dopamine beta-hydroxylase were mainly present in the upper fractions of the gradient, which is consistent with the predominance of light (small dense-core) vesicles in this species. In ox, noradrenaline, dopamine and dopamine beta-hydroxylase were found in the gradient in a bimodal distribution. This is consistent with the presence of about equal numbers of small and large dense-core vesicles in this species. On the other hand, chromogranin A, immunologically related proteins and enkephalin-like immunoreactivity were only present in the dense (large dense-core) vesicle population. In order to study the capability of light and dense vesicles to synthesize noradrenaline we "pulse-labelled" ox vasa deferentia with [3H]tyrosine. Already 3.5 min after the pulse both types of vesicles contained [3H]noradrenaline and [3H]dopamine. During longer "chase" periods the amount of [3H]dopamine gradually declined. We conclude that dense (large dense-core) vesicles contain chromogranin A, immunologically related proteins and enkephalin like immunoreactivity whereas light (small dense-core) vesicles are devoid of these components. Both types of vesicles contain dopamine beta-hydroxylase and can synthesize noradrenaline from dopamine under in vivo conditions. PMID- 6527784 TI - Effect of nerve growth factor on intramuscular axons of neonatal mice. AB - Newborn mice were given daily injections of nerve growth factor over the gluteus muscle. At age 9 days muscles were removed and stained to reveal intramuscular axons. Motor axons, and sensory axons of the Golgi tendon organs and muscle spindles were unaffected by nerve growth factor, but there was prolific growth of the small diameter axons that ramify over the surface of the muscle. These axons were sensory rather than sympathetic, since the degenerated following dorsal root ganglionectomy but not following sympathetic ganglionectomy. This finding supports the concept that nerve growth factor is involved in the development of sensory innervation of muscle. PMID- 6527785 TI - The release of acetylcholine and of catecholamine from the cat's adrenal gland. AB - The cat's adrenal gland was perfused in situ with Krebs solution containing eserine; the amount of acetylcholine and of catecholamine released was measured. Splanchnic nerve stimulation (5 Hz for 2 min) increased the release of acetylcholine and catecholamine; the molar ratio of evoked release of catecholamine to acetylcholine was 122 +/- 8. It is suggested that this amplification is achieved because a chromaffin cell granule contains more mediator than does the acetylcholine quantum that releases it. The release per impulse of catecholamine during splanchnic nerve stimulation at 30 Hz was less than that released by stimulation at 1 or 5 Hz. This depression is attributed to a presynaptic failure, because the release of acetylcholine was similarly frequency dependent. The release of catecholamine was linearly related to the release of acetylcholine over the range tested, indicating that the input-output relationship at the splanchnic-adrenal medullary junction is linear. During continuous stimulation of the splanchnic nerve (5 Hz), catecholamine release declined to a level that was 32 +/- 2% of the initial output. This fatigue is attributed primarily to a postsynaptic depression, because the release of acetylcholine was maintained at 71 +/- 6% of its initial level. The presence of eserine in the perfusate was necessary for the release of acetylcholine to be detected, but in the presence of eserine catecholamine release was 90 +/- 10% that in the drug's absence. It is concluded that released acetylcholine is hydrolysed at some distance from its site of release and action. Glands perfused with raised K+ released acetylcholine and catecholamine.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6527786 TI - In vivo phosphorylation of postsynaptic density proteins. AB - In vivo protein phosphorylation was examined in postsynaptic density-enriched fractions isolated from rat brain. In vivo phosphorylation was carried out by injecting rats intraventricularly with [32P]orthophosphate followed by isolation of postsynaptic densities from pooled cerebral cortices. In vivo 32P-labeled postsynaptic densities were then fractionated by sodium dodecylsulfate polyacrylamide slab gel electrophoresis and stained with Coomassie Blue. The protein banding pattern was typical for postsynaptic densities. The principal polypeptide component occurred in a single band at an apparent molecular weight of 51,000. Autoradiographs of the dried gels showed a major peak of radioactivity associated with the 51,000 molecular weight component for the in vivo labeled postsynaptic density fraction. Additional minor peaks of radioactivity were also observed. These results represent the first demonstration that proteins associated with the postsynaptic density readily incorporate phosphate in vivo and may represent a major and important class of synaptic phosphoproteins. PMID- 6527787 TI - Correlation between the visual callosal connections and the retinotopic organization in striate-peristriate border region in the hamster: an anatomical and physiological study. AB - The correlation between the retinotopic organization of receptive fields in the striate-peristriate border region and the distribution pattern of the visual callosal projections was investigated in hamsters with corpus callosum transected 2 days before recording. The results showed that in all the animals studied, the V1/V2 border defined by reversal of receptive fields at the vertical meridian was located in the dense central portion of the visual callosal projection which terminated in cortical regions bordering areas 17 and 18a. These results indicate that there is a close relationship between the striate-peristriate border determined by anatomical and physiological methods. In addition, these data strengthen the suggestion that the pattern of visual callosal projections is a useful and reliable reference system for delineating boundaries of different visual areas in the golden hamster. PMID- 6527788 TI - A cytoarchitectonic and histochemical study of nucleus basalis and associated cell groups in the normal human brain. AB - Several recent studies have reported loss of neurons in the nucleus basalis in Alzheimer's disease. However, few detailed studies of the normal distribution of these neurons in the human brain have appeared. We have used Nissl staining and acetylcholinesterase histochemical staining of the human basal forebrain, alone or in combination to identify the organization of the nucleus basalis and associated cell groups, (or collectively, the magnocellular basal nucleus) in the normal human brain. The magnocellular basal nucleus includes a series of clusters of neurons and scattered perikarya extending from the medial septum and diagonal band nucleus rostrally, through the substantia innominata to the furthest caudal extent of the globus pallidus. This distribution is similar to that which has been described in the monkey. Furthermore, acetylcholinesterase-positive fibers in the human brain are seen in the two major pathways that have been identified as carrying magnocellular basal nucleus axons to the cerebral cortex in other species. These observations suggest that the topographic organization of the magnocellular basal projection to cerebral cortex in other species probably exists in man as well. It will therefore be important in future studies of the fate of these neurons in neurological degenerative diseases to assess the loss of neurons in the different components of the magnocellular basal nucleus in relation to the clinical evidence for dysfunction in the cortical areas which they innervate. PMID- 6527789 TI - Maturation of kainic acid seizure-brain damage syndrome in the rat. I. Clinical, electrographic and metabolic observations. AB - The maturation of the seizure/brain damage syndrome produced by parenteral administration of kainate was studied in the rat. The motor, electrographic and metabolic alterations are described in the present report, the maturation of the pathological abnormalities and of the specific kainate binding sites are described in the two following companion papers. Parenteral kainate produces tonico-clonic seizures until the end of the third week of age when limbic motor signs (wet-dog shakes, facial myoclonia, paw tremor etc.) were first produced. Using the 2-deoxyglucose autoradiographic method, we found that in animals of 3 days of age and until the third week of age, kainate produced a rise in metabolism restricted to the hippocampus and lateral septum. This was paralleled by paroxysmal discharges which were recorded in the hippocampus. Starting from the end of the third week of age approximately--i.e. when the toxin produced limbic motor seizures--there was a rise of labelling in other structures which are part of or closely associated to the limbic system i.e. the amygdaloid complex, the mediodorsal and adjacent thalamic nuclei, piriform, entorhinal and rostral limbic cortices and areas of projection of the fornix. These metabolic maps are thus similar to those seen in adults. Two main conclusions can be drawn from these experiments: kainate activates the hippocampus from a very early age probably by means of specific receptors present in this structure and the limbic syndrome will only be produced by the toxin once the limbic circuitry--including in particular the amygdaloid complex--is activated by the procedure i.e. after the third week of age. PMID- 6527790 TI - Maturation of kainic acid seizure-brain damage syndrome in the rat. II. Histopathological sequelae. AB - The histopathological sequelae of parenteral administration of kainic acid were investigated in immature rats (3-35 days of age). The brains were fixed 1-14 days after the administration of kainate and the damage evaluated by means of argyrophylic (Fink-Heimer, Gallyas or Nauta-Gygax) and Nissl stains. In animals of less than 18 days of age there was no sign of damage even after 1-2 h of severe tonico-clonic convulsions. Between 18 and 35 days after birth, there was a progressive increase in the severity of the damage, the adult pattern being reached at the latter age. As in adult animals, brain damage was most severe in structures which are part of the limbic system, i.e. the hippocampal formation, lateral septum, amygdaloid complex, claustrum, piriform cortex, etc. In addition to neuronal abnormalities, the following reactions were observed: hypertrophy and swelling of satellite oligodendroglia, proliferation of hypertrophic microglia, proliferation of astroglia and hypertrophy of endothelial cells in the capillary wall. The latter type of change, together with local coagulative necrosis, was almost exclusively restricted to the granular and molecular layers of the fascia dentata. In the hippocampal formation we found a temporal gradient of vulnerability. The earliest and most consistent neuronal alterations were largely restricted to interneurons of the hilar region and to a lesser extent to non pyramidal neurons of strata oriens and radiatum. The severe necrotic destruction of the pyramidal layer of CA3 is conspicuous at a later age (postnatal day 30-35) and with longer survival times. Our results suggest that: (1) the neurotoxin only induces brain damage once it also causes limbic motor seizures and its associated metabolic activations, notably in the amygdala; (2) the earliest pathological sequelae occur in interneurons of the hilar region and (3) sclerosis of the vulnerable region of the Ammon's horn--the CA3 region--is only obtained once the dentate granules and their mossy fibres are fully operational, thereby reflecting the crucial role of this axonal connection in eliciting hippocampal damage. PMID- 6527791 TI - Maturation of kainic acid seizure-brain damage syndrome in the rat. III. Postnatal development of kainic acid binding sites in the limbic system. AB - The progressive appearance of [3H]kainic acid binding sites with age has been studied in membrane suspensions prepared from various regions of the rat limbic system, and by autoradiography. Binding sites with fast dissociation rate appeared earlier than binding sites with slow dissociation rate. Scatchard analysis demonstrated apparent receptor heterogeneity for both subclasses. High affinity components were detected in the hippocampus as early as 10 days after birth, but in the amygdala + piriform lobe were found only towards the end of the third week, when animals also respond to parenteral kainic acid, for the first time, with limbic seizures accompanied by metabolic activation of the amygdala. Slice autoradiography revealed distinct labelling of the hippocampal CA3 region by postnatal day 10. A comparison with the ontogenesis of the kainic acid-induced seizure-brain damage syndrome suggests a role of high affinity receptors as mediators of metabolic nerve cell activation by kainic acid. However, this receptor interaction per se does not result in neuronal damage to the vulnerable region of the Ammon's horn, which will only occur at an age when also the amygdala is activated by the neurotoxin. PMID- 6527792 TI - Dopamine modulates CA1 hippocampal neurons by elevating the threshold for spike generation: an in vitro study. AB - Intracellular recordings were obtained from CA1 neurons of rat hippocampal slices preparation. Dopamine applied by perfusion (10(-5)-10(-7) M), microdrop (10(-4) M) and iontophoresis (+80, +200 nA balanced current) inhibited "spontaneous" and evoked action potentials. An increase in current injection restored the evoked action potentials which appeared unmodified. Membrane potential was not modified in 60% of the neurons; in the remaining ones, a slow depolarization was observed. Membrane resistance, measured at rest, was not modified by dopamine. Calcium mediated events such as bursting activity and afterhyperpolarization, mainly in the late component, were also attenuated by the catecholamine. These effects were antagonized by domperidone, a dopaminergic antagonist. Calcium spikes, evoked in tetrodotoxin- and tetraethylammonium-poisoned slices, were reversibly inhibited by dopamine. Since an increase in the amplitude of a depolarizing pulse of injected current was able to evoke both sodium and calcium action potentials suppressed by dopamine without change in shape or duration, it is concluded that this catecholamine depresses cellular excitability by altering the interaction between membrane voltage and sodium and calcium entry and the subsequent increase in potassium conductance. PMID- 6527793 TI - The morphology of neurons in trigeminal nucleus oralis projecting to the medullary dorsal horn (trigeminal nucleus caudalis): a retrograde horseradish peroxidase and Golgi study. AB - This study demonstrates that trigeminal nucleus oralis, the most rostral subdivision of the spinal trigeminal nucleus, contains four morphologically distinct types of small neurons which project to the medullary dorsal horn (trigeminal nucleus caudalis) via descending intratrigeminal pathways. Using the retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase following injections in the medullary dorsal horn, labeled small neurons with cell bodies ranging from 8-15 microns in diameter are found principally in the ventrolateral portion of the trigeminal nucleus oralis. Most neurons are labeled ipsilaterally throughout the entire rostrocaudal extent of the ventrolateral portion of the trigeminal nucleus oralis, but a few cells are also labeled contralaterally. From this aspect of the present study it can be concluded that a specific portion of the trigeminal nucleus oralis, i.e. the ventrolateral part, contains numerous small neurons which send descending projections to the medullary dorsal horn that could affect synaptic activity there. Utilizing both the methods of Golgi and retrograde horseradish peroxidase labeling four distinct types of small descending medullary dorsal horn projection neurons can be distinguished in the ventrolateral portion of the trigeminal nucleus oralis on the basis of their morphology and the distribution of their axons and dendrites. All four neuronal cell types are present throughout the entire rostrocaudal extent of the trigeminal nucleus oralis. Type I neurons are the most frequently labeled descending medullary dorsal horn projection neurons. They are concentrated in the medial 500-550 microns of the ventrolateral portion of the trigeminal nucleus oralis and display dendritic trees which occupy spherical domains approaching 300 microns in diameter. The unmyelinated axons of many of these cells arise either directly from the cell body or a primary dendrite and give rise to a single collateral within 50 microns of their site of origin. This collateral generates a fine axonal plexus within a portion of the dendritic arbor of the parent cell while the parent axon, without branching further, travels a short distance in the ventrolateral portion of the trigeminal nucleus oralis and enters a deep axon bundle. Type II neurons are the second most frequently labeled descending medullary dorsal horn projection neuron. They generate medial and lateral dendritic arbors which together span nearly the entire medial 500-550 microns of the ventrolateral portion of the trigeminal nucleus oralis. An unmyelinated axon emerges from the cell body and within 10-30 microns of its origin gives rise to two collaterals.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6527794 TI - Cholinergic muscarinic receptors in rat cerebral cortex, basal ganglia and cerebellum undergo rapid and reversible changes after acute stress. AB - Rats, submitted to forced swimming for a period of 15 min (stress), were killed immediately, 60 min or 24 h thereafter. There was an initial decrease in [3H]quinuclidinyl benzilate specific binding in membranes of cerebral cortex ( 27%) that returned to normal levels after 60 min. In basal ganglia (striatum and globus pallidus) there was a significant decrease (-14%) in Bmax after 60 min that recovered at 24 h. In cerebellum, an increase in [3H]quinuclidinyl benzilate binding occurred at 60 min (+41%) which was reversed at 24 h. In all cases there were no changes in affinity. These results are discussed in relation to the possible mechanisms that could be involved in the rapid, reversible and selective changes of cholinergic muscarinic receptors in response to acute stress. PMID- 6527795 TI - Genetic evidence that chloroadenosine increases the specific activity of choline acetyltransferase in PC12 cells via modulation of an adenosine-dependent adenylate cyclase. AB - Both chloroadenosine (EC50 = 3 X 10(-7) M) and cholera toxin, like nerve growth factor, increase the specific activity of choline acetyltransferase in PC12 cells over a period of several days. The increase in choline acetyltransferase activity in response to chloroadenosine appears to be caused by the ability of chloroadenosine to increase adenosine 3':5'-phosphate synthesis by binding to an adenosine receptor that activates adenylate cyclase. To test this hypothesis we determined if chloroadenosine can cause an increase in choline acetyltransferase activity in adenosine kinase-deficient PC12 cells. We have previously shown that adenosine analogues are significantly less effective at regulating adenosine 3':5'-phosphate in adenosine kinase-deficient PC12 cells than in wild type cells [Erny and Wagner (1984) Proc. natn. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 81, 4974-4978]. Adenosine kinase-deficient PC12 cells are resistant to the induction of choline acetyltransferase in response to chloroadenosine, but not cholera toxin, supporting the role of adenosine 3':5'-phosphate in mediating the effects of chloroadenosine. The increase in choline acetyltransferase activity in wild type cells was accompanied by an increase in acetylcholine levels, demonstrating that chloroadenosine also regulates storage of acetylcholine. Acetylcholine levels were quantitated using an assay based on the ability of acetylcholine to compete with [125I]bungarotoxin for binding to the acetylcholine receptor. PMID- 6527796 TI - Acetylcholine metabolism by cultured neurons from rat nodose ganglia: regulation by a macromolecule from muscle-conditioned medium. AB - Acetylcholine metabolism has been studied in primary cultures of neurons dissociated from newborn rat nodose ganglia. Neither nerve growth factor nor muscle-conditioned medium had any detectable effect on the long-term survival of these neurons, which appeared well differentiated upon phase-contrast and electron microscopic examination. [3H]Acetylcholine synthesis and accumulation by 2-3-week old nodose cultures and choline acetyltransferase activity were increased (2.0 +/- 0.15)-fold and (2.0 +/- 0.48)-fold, respectively, upon growth with muscle-conditioned medium, whereas acetylcholinesterase was decreased (1.5 +/- 0.1)-fold (means +/- SEM, n = 5-9). The same effects were observed when comparing nodose cultures grown in the presence of proteins purified from conditioned medium in four fractionation steps. This purified material had no effects on the protein content of the cultures, or on lactate dehydrogenase activity, and thus did not affect the overall growth of the cultures. We demonstrate that this factor copurifies with a factor(s) involved in the regulation of choline acetyltransferase and acetylcholinesterase in neuron cultures from newborn rat superior cervical ganglia [Swerts, Le Van Thai, Vigny and Weber (1983) Devl Biol. 100, 1-11] and from embryonic day 13 rat embryo spinal cord [Giess and Weber (1984) J. Neurosci. 4, 1442-1452]. Although the cholinergic factor from muscle-conditioned medium has not been purified to homogeneity, the data suggest that the same extracellular, macromolecular factor may be involved in the regulation of acetylcholine metabolism in derivatives from the neural crest, the neural tube and the epibranchial placodes. PMID- 6527797 TI - The development of glio-interstitial tissue in Mytilus retractor muscle depends on Na+-Ca2+ antagonism. AB - The development of glio-interstitial cell processes has been studied by quantitative electron microscopy in the anterior byssal retractor muscle of mussels kept in various artificial sea-waters. After 20 days, the number of glio interstitial processes per unit area of muscle section from animals adapted to diluted sea-water (700 mosM) is not significantly different from the control (1100 mosM) but it is almost doubled in mussels adapted to concentrated sea-water (1400 mosM). The diluted sea-water has a high [Ca2+]/[Na+]2 molar ratio (6.81 X 10(-5)) and the concentrated sea-water a relatively low one (3.34 X 10(-5)); all the ions are present in the same proportions as in the control. In a second experiment, diluted sea-water (700 mosM) with a low [Ca2+]/[Na+]2 (3.34 X 10(-5)) and concentrated sea-water (1400 mosM) with a high ratio (6.81 X 10(-5)) are tested: the results agree with the prediction that the development of glio interstitial processes depends on the relative concentrations of Na+ and Ca2+ rather than on osmotic pressure or ionic strength. In the third experiment, five artificial sea-waters are employed with decreasing [Ca2+]/[Na+]2 ratios, all at the same osmotic pressure of 1100 mosM: the results suggest that the salinity induced proliferation of glio-interstitial processes is directly dependent on the [Ca2+]/[Na+]2 ratio. Glial proliferation thus occurs in reaction to the relative lack of Ca2+, or excess of Na+, in the environment; it is proposed that the glio interstitial tissue plays a role in regulating the concentration of Ca2+ in the vicinity of the muscle and/or the nerve cells. PMID- 6527798 TI - Straw men and glass houses? A reply to Churchland on Reductionism. PMID- 6527799 TI - [Can the moderate use of alcohol be considered a protective factor against ischemic cardiopathy?]. PMID- 6527800 TI - [Pre-coronary time in acute myocardial infarct. Data from the coronary unit of a provincial hospital]. PMID- 6527801 TI - [Incidence of the main complications of endocardial implantation of a pacemaker in relation to the type of catheter used. Results of the first 303 ventricular implants]. PMID- 6527802 TI - [Echocardiokymography in the study of myocardial infarct in the chronic phase]. PMID- 6527803 TI - [Quantitative evaluation of left ventricular kinetics by bidimensional echography in the subacute and stabilized phases of myocardial infarct]. PMID- 6527804 TI - [Influence of the coronarographic and ventriculographic severity of ischemic cardiopathy on voltage changes of the R wave during exertion tests]. PMID- 6527805 TI - [Morphology of the outflow tract of the right ventricle in patients with tetralogy of Fallot. Surgical implications]. PMID- 6527806 TI - [Disseminated intravascular coagulation as a complication of elective surgery of the abdominal aorta]. PMID- 6527807 TI - [Our attitude in the treatment of varicose disease of the legs (limited to idiopathic varices). I. Surgical therapy]. PMID- 6527808 TI - [The "pedrada" syndrome. A clinical entity yet to be discovered]. PMID- 6527809 TI - [Clinical classification of tumors of the breast]. PMID- 6527810 TI - [Biological and clinical evaluation of 114 cases of cancer of the breast]. PMID- 6527811 TI - [Endocrine tumors of the breast. Nosographic classification and directions of therapy]. PMID- 6527812 TI - [Unusual presentation of a cystic carcinoma of the breast. Clinical and anatomopathological considerations]. PMID- 6527813 TI - [Needle biopsy of palpable axillary lymph nodes in preoperative staging of breast cancer]. PMID- 6527814 TI - [Breast cancer: initial evaluation of a therapeutic protocol]. PMID- 6527815 TI - [Experience with an adjuvant chemotherapy program in stage II breast cancer]. PMID- 6527816 TI - [Breast carcinoma in an atypical site. Problems of staging and treatment]. PMID- 6527817 TI - [Ambulatory surgery of the breast nodule: the latest development in senologic diagnosis]. PMID- 6527818 TI - [Carcinoma of the breast: review of our case reports and current trends in surgical therapy]. PMID- 6527819 TI - [Selection of surgical methods in the reconstruction of the breast]. PMID- 6527820 TI - [Advantages of complete muscular coverage of the prosthetic implant in reconstructive surgery of the breast]. PMID- 6527821 TI - [Second surgical stage in reconstructive surgery of the breast]. PMID- 6527822 TI - [Reoperation in local and regional recurrence of breast carcinoma following nonradical surgery]. PMID- 6527823 TI - [Postmastectomy complications]. PMID- 6527824 TI - [Breast carcinoma and pregnancy]. PMID- 6527825 TI - [Giant cell carcinomas of the breast]. PMID- 6527826 TI - [Breast carcinoma and screening]. PMID- 6527827 TI - [Theoretical value and practical applicability of mass screening for carcinoma of the breast]. PMID- 6527828 TI - Afferent projections to the nucleus cuneiformis in the rat. AB - Afferent projections to the nucleus cuneiformis (CNF) were examined in the rat with retrograde tracing techniques employing microinjection of wheat germ agglutinin conjugated with horseradish peroxidase (WGA-HRP). As the CNF is an extensive nucleus in its rostrocaudal extent, the rostral and caudal subdivisions of the CNF were studied separately. Projections to caudal CNF were observed from all subdivisions of the periaqueductal gray, the deep layers of the superior colliculus as well as the caudal levels of the CNF. In contrast, WGA-HRP microinjections into the rostral CNF retrogradely labeled more cells but they were located exclusively in the rostral CNF. The present data support the hypothesis that three adjacent brain stem nuclei, i.e. the caudal CNF, the periaqueductal gray and the deep layers of the superior colliculus, function in unison to control ventral medullary pain pathways. The relationship of these three structures to the rostral CNF is unclear and deserves further study. PMID- 6527829 TI - Axonal conduction velocity and input conductance in petrosal ganglion primary sensory neurones of the cat. AB - Petrosal ganglion chemoreceptor neurones were impaled with glass microelectrodes in an 'in vitro' preparation maintained at 36.5 degrees C. For each cell, the input conductance and the axonal conduction velocity were calculated from the voltage change produced by a hyperpolarizing pulse, and from the latency of the spike evoked by carotid nerve stimulation. In 34 neurones, the average values for these variables were 3.7 X 10(-8) Siemens and 10 m/s. The two parameters were related by a power function with an exponent of 0.9, which is lower than the value of 2 expected on the basis of simple linear relations between soma and axon diameters and between axon diameter and conduction velocity. PMID- 6527830 TI - Retrograde effects of axotomy on the intramedullary axon collateral systems and recurrent inhibitory reflexes of cat spinal motoneurones. AB - The intramedullary axon collateral systems of adult cat spinal alpha-motoneurones were studied with morphological and physiological techniques 12 weeks after peripheral transection of the motor axons. Morphologically, intracellular horseradish peroxidase (HRP) staining showed that the axotomy induced an elimination of whole collateral trees from the proximal parts of the lesioned axons. The axon collateral systems that still remained in the axotomized neurones appeared quite normal. Physiologically, intracellular recordings failed to reveal a corresponding reduction in the amount of recurrent inhibition produced by the axotomized cells. Possible explanations for the discrepancy between the morphological and physiological results are discussed. PMID- 6527831 TI - Distribution of premotor neurons for the hypoglossal nucleus in the cat. AB - After injecting horseradish peroxidase into the hypoglossal nucleus, labeled neuronal cell bodies were constantly seen bilaterally with a slight ipsilateral dominance in the parvocellular reticular formation and reticular regions around the hypoglossal nucleus, ipsilaterally in the nucleus of Kolliker-Fuse, and contralaterally within the hypoglossal nucleus. A few labeled neurons were often found bilaterally with an ipsilateral dominance in the inter- and supratrigeminal regions around the motor trigeminal nucleus, parabrachial nucleus, ventral portions of the medial reticular formation of the pons and medulla oblongata, and dorsal tegmental regions and central gray of the midbrain. PMID- 6527832 TI - Stabilization of ascorbic acid and norepinephrine in vitro by the subcellular fractions of rat cerebral cortex. AB - The effect of various subcellular fractions of rat cerebral cortex on the autoxidation of ascorbic acid and norepinephrine in a physiological salt solution, pH 7.4, was investigated. The rate of the two reactions was determined spectrophotometrically at 265 and 480 nm, respectively. The cytoplasmic, microsomal, crude mitochondrial fractions and a soluble phase of mixed subcellular origin (100,000 g supernatant) were tested in an assay system in which the final dilution of the cellular components was in the 10(3) to 10(6) range. The samples were heat-treated (30 min at 100 degrees C) and dialyzed (50,000 mol.wt. cut-off) prior to analysis. The preparations produced approximately 80% inhibition at 10(3)-fold dilution and marginal inhibition at 10(5)-fold dilution, except the microsomal preparation, which was a considerably weaker inhibitor in the norepinephrine autoxidation test. The study shows that all three major subcellular compartments of the rat cerebral cortex have macromolecules with a high level of heat-stable autoxidation-inhibiting activity. PMID- 6527833 TI - Dermorphin, a new peptide from amphibian skin, inhibits the nociceptive thalamic neurons firing rate evoked by noxious stimuli. AB - Dermorphin is the representative of a new class of potent opioid peptides occurring in amphibian skin and possesses the unique feature of having a D-Ala residue incorporated in the peptide molecule. The effect of dermorphin on the spontaneous and evoked neuronal activity by a nociceptive stimulus was studied in the nucleus lateralis anterior and ventrobasal complex of the rat thalamus. The high firing frequency induced by nociceptive stimuli was blocked when dermorphin was injected intraperitoneally at the dose of 1.5 mg/kg. The action starts about 10 min after injection and lasts on average for 120 min. Naloxone, a specific opioid antagonist, injected i.p. at a dose of 1 mg/kg antagonized the effect of dermorphin. The dermorphin time-course is about twice that of morphine (1.5 mg/kg i.p.) under the same experimental conditions. PMID- 6527834 TI - Segmental distribution of dorsal root ganglion cells with axons in the inferior cardiac nerve. AB - The segmental distribution of visceral afferent neurons with axons in the cardiac nerve was studied in cats with the horseradish peroxidase (HRP) technique. After HRP was introduced into the left inferior cardiac nerve, labeled dorsal root ganglion cells were found in the ganglia from the C7 to T7 spinal levels, with a wide variation in distribution among the individual animals. An average of 93 cells was labeled per animal. The data indicate that the afferent nerve fibers in the inferior cardiac nerve project to a much wider range of segments of the spinal cord than previously believed. PMID- 6527835 TI - Patterns of deoxyglucose and glucose labeling in the optic tectum of monocularly stimulated bass. AB - Uniformly labeled deoxyglucose and glucose were used to examine patterns of altered metabolic activity in the optic tectum of largemouth bass. Autoradiographs from fish which viewed moving vertical stripes with one eye show that the metabolites of the two sugars procedure similar patterns of activity related labeling in the tectum: tangentially arranged bands of increased optical density through the SFGS and the SGC. In addition, aldehyde fixation was found to improve the histological quality of the sections without altering the patterns of labeling. PMID- 6527836 TI - Uptake and release of [3H]GABA by growth cones isolated from neonatal rat brain. AB - A subcellular fraction highly enriched in neuronal growth cones was isolated from 5-day-old rat forebrain by a recently described method. The growth cone fraction was shown to have a sodium- and temperature-dependent, high-affinity (Km = 4.4 microM) uptake system for [3H]GABA. Electron microscopic autoradiography confirmed that this uptake was into growth cones since only these structures were heavily labelled with silver grains. High potassium induced the release of newly accumulated [3H]GABA from the growth cone fraction, about half of which was Ca2+ dependent. The presence of uptake and release systems for GABA in growth cones may simply reflect the development of growth cones into nerve terminals. Alternatively, these observations may indicate a role for neurotransmitter release in synaptogenesis. PMID- 6527837 TI - Identification of phrenic afferents in the dorsal columns: a fluorescent double labeling study in the cat. AB - In this study in the cat, the tracer combination of the anterogradely transported Fast Blue and the retrogradely transported Nuclear Yellow was used to label dorsal root ganglion cells related to phrenic afferents running up through the ipsilateral dorsal column. These afferents are few; some of them leave the dorsal column near their segment of entry. Their localization in the dorsal column suggests that they are related to tendon and muscle receptors, which confirms previous electrophysiological studies. PMID- 6527838 TI - Changes in blood pressure and heart rate induced by movements of normal and inflamed knee joints. AB - The effects of passive movements of normal and inflamed knee joints on blood pressure and heart rate were recorded in baroreceptor denervated cats anesthetized with halothane, and these effects were compared with those obtained by severe noxious squeezing of the hind paw. Rhythmic flexions and extensions as well as rhythmic inward and outward rotations of a normal knee joint in its physiological working range did not have any significant influence on blood pressure and heart rate. However, on the inflamed side, the same movements caused definite increases in blood pressure and heart rate (e.g. mean increases for flexion-extension movements were 13 mmHg and 4 beats/min, respectively, P less than 0.01). Static outward rotations in the normal working range were ineffective in both joints, but as soon as these static rotations were extended into the noxious range significant increases in blood pressure and heart rate were elicited. The respective mean increases induced from the normal and inflamed sides were 17 and 38 mmHg for the blood pressure and 4 and 8 beats/min for the heart rate. The increases in blood pressure and heart rate induced by noxious outward rotation of the inflamed joint regularly exceeded those elicited by noxious squeezing of the hind paw. It is concluded that impulses in articular nociceptors and possibly other fine articular afferent units activate sympathetic outflow to the cardiovascular system, and that these effects are particularly prominent when the joint receptors are sensitized by PMID- 6527839 TI - Topographical arrangements of feline motor cortical projections onto the pretectum. AB - The projections from motor cortex to pretectum were traced autoradiographically in 15 cats aimed at revealing a topographical arrangement. The anterior sigmoid and rostral coronal gyrus projected amply onto the ventrolateral part of the nucleus pretectalis anterior and to a large part of the ventrocaudal part of the nucleus pretectalis posterior. The posterior sigmoid gyrus rostral to the postcruciate dimple and the caudal part of the coronal gyrus also projected to the nucleus pretectalis anterior. In the posterior pretectal nucleus their target areas were smaller and located more ventromedially. The strongest projections originated from the coronal gyrus. PMID- 6527840 TI - Physostigmine antagonizes benzodiazepine-induced myoclonus in the baboon, Papio papio. AB - The antagonism of some benzodiazepine (Bz) actions by physostigmine was investigated in 4 Papio papio baboons. As a model of these actions, the myoclonus induced in this species by clonazepam i.m. administration was used. The baboon develops, 20-30 min after Bz i.m. injection, a non-epileptic myoclonus characterized by clinical symptomatology (jerks involving mainly the neck and the trunk bilaterally), by the absence of any correlative EEG discharge, and by its facilitation during movement. This Bz-induced myoclonus resembles the intention myoclonus of human patients, as seen for example after anoxia. In the present series, the effect of physostigmine i.v. injection on the frequency of clonazepam induced myoclonus was tested. Physostigmine produces a rapid and total abolition of the myoclonus, and this effect lasts for a period which corresponds to the pharmacological activity of physostigmine. On the contrary, atropine i.v. injection considerably increases the amount of Bz-induced myoclonus. These results allow the existence of an anticholinergic action of benzodiazepines, reversed by physostigmine, and the theory that the myoclonus would be the consequence of a cholinergic system depression to be hypothesized. PMID- 6527842 TI - Phosphorus bioavailability in poultry nutrition. PMID- 6527841 TI - Relation of changes in dietary fatty acid to alterations in linoleic acid content of human cheek cell phospholipids. PMID- 6527843 TI - [Use of impedance pulmonary rheography for the evaluation of pulmonary artery pressure--a noninvasive method]. PMID- 6527845 TI - Studies on the lymphocytic subpopulations in acute non-lymphocytic leukemia. PMID- 6527844 TI - A comparison on blood lipids and fatty acid composition of lipoproteins between normal adults and patients with coronary heart disease. PMID- 6527846 TI - Preliminary report on experimental observation of the effects of magnetic field and "Natural Copper" on fracture healing. PMID- 6527847 TI - Two new species of Tabanus from Hubei, China (Diptera: Tabanidae). PMID- 6527848 TI - Internal fixation by percutaneous pinning for the treatment of fracture of surgical neck of humerus. PMID- 6527849 TI - Clinical analysis of 80 cases of post-traumatic chronic subdural hematoma. PMID- 6527851 TI - Solo, partnership or corporation: which practice is best for you? PMID- 6527850 TI - Control of medical emergency services at the scene of a medical emergency. PMID- 6527852 TI - Unpaid accounts and how to cope with them. PMID- 6527853 TI - Is your office ready for a computer? PMID- 6527854 TI - Getting your office staff in shape. PMID- 6527855 TI - PACO. Three years old, and still growing. PMID- 6527856 TI - [Use of physical methods of action in a system of staged combined rehabilitative treatment of retinal phlebothrombosis]. PMID- 6527857 TI - [Circulatory disorders of the venous system of the retina and optic nerve]. PMID- 6527858 TI - [Combined therapy of acute obstruction of the vessels of the retina and optic nerves]. PMID- 6527859 TI - [Use of disaggregants in treating diabetic retinopathy]. PMID- 6527860 TI - [Role of the provincial office of ophthalmic endocrinology and ocular vascular pathology in treating patients with retinal venous occlusions]. PMID- 6527861 TI - [Posttraumatic hypotension of the eye (clinical characteristics and treatment)]. PMID- 6527862 TI - [Ocular symptomatology in hypophyseal nanism]. PMID- 6527863 TI - [Relation of myopia to nervous system pathology in children]. PMID- 6527864 TI - [Data on the interrelations between a change in magnesium-phosphorus-calcium metabolism, accommodation function and the progression of myopia in children]. PMID- 6527865 TI - [Course and outcome of intraocular hemorrhage]. PMID- 6527866 TI - [Means of rendering timely emergency medical aid in acute vascular diseases of the retina and optic nerve]. PMID- 6527867 TI - [The place of repeat trabeculectomy]. PMID- 6527868 TI - [Treatment of penetrating wounds of the anterior segment of the eye at a provincial eye trauma center]. PMID- 6527869 TI - [Combined conservative treatment in the system of dispensary observation of glaucoma patients]. PMID- 6527870 TI - [Case of a positive result in treating acute obstruction of the central retinal artery by a new surgical method]. PMID- 6527871 TI - [Case of persistent dacryocanaliculitis with a foreign body in the lumen of the canaliculus]. PMID- 6527872 TI - The segmental and regional projections of the sciatic, tibial and common peroneal nerves to the substantia gelatinosa of the spinal cord in rats--an experimental study by means of an acid phosphatase (ACP) method. PMID- 6527873 TI - The fine structure of the neck region of cat spermatozoa. PMID- 6527874 TI - Localization of the neurons of origin of efferent fibers in the glossopharyngeal, vagus and accessory nerves in the rat by means of retrograde degeneration and horseradish peroxidase methods. PMID- 6527875 TI - [Measures with regard to prevention and treatment of Pseudomonas infection in a traumatologic-orthopedic hospital]. PMID- 6527876 TI - [Study of a stress-deformed state of the proximal end of the femur by the finite element method]. PMID- 6527877 TI - [Transport splint for the leg]. PMID- 6527879 TI - [Organization of pediatric orthopedic services in rural regions of the Moscow district and means for their improvement]. PMID- 6527878 TI - [Correction of severe forms of congenital clubfoot and pathological torsion of leg bones]. PMID- 6527880 TI - [Periarticular and intra-articular fractures of the knee joint in middle-aged and aged patients]. PMID- 6527881 TI - [The nature of primary surgical debridement]. PMID- 6527882 TI - [Clinical value of myeloscintigraphy in complicated trauma of the cervical spine]. PMID- 6527883 TI - [Causes of failure of conservative treatment of so-called uncomplicated dislocations and fracture-dislocations of the cervical vertebrae]. PMID- 6527884 TI - Malnutrition in the Outpatient Department of Child Nutrition Dr. Pirngadi Hospital Medan (1976-1979). PMID- 6527885 TI - Mental retardation due to congenital hypothyroidism and its prevention. PMID- 6527886 TI - Correlation of tuberculin conversion in children beyond 5 years of age with active tuberculous infection. PMID- 6527887 TI - Planning, implementation and problems of breast feeding and infant nutrition in North Sulawesi. PMID- 6527888 TI - Diarrhoeal disease associated with measles in infants and children. PMID- 6527889 TI - Congenital hypothyroidism. Report of two cases with emphasis on clinical diagnosis and brief review of relevant literature. PMID- 6527890 TI - Studies on amoebicides at the Child Health Department Dr. Pirngadi Hospital, Medan (1969-1979). PMID- 6527891 TI - Experiences on necrotizing enterocolitis in neonates and young infants in North Sulawesi. PMID- 6527892 TI - Current management on neonatal obstructive jaundice. (The differential diagnosis between neonatal hepatitis and biliary atresia). PMID- 6527893 TI - [Human pulmonary dirofilariasis: a case in Italy]. PMID- 6527894 TI - [Juvenile fibroadenoma of the breast]. PMID- 6527895 TI - [Stromal sarcoma of the endometrium. Observations on 9 cases]. PMID- 6527896 TI - Testosterone metabolism in squamous cell carcinomas. PMID- 6527898 TI - Renal fibrosarcoma. Single case in a ten-year survey. PMID- 6527897 TI - [Pathological effects of exposure to magnetic fields: morphological aspects of injury at the testicular level]. PMID- 6527899 TI - Amenorrhoea in a girl with pericentric inversion of chromosome 11. PMID- 6527901 TI - [Disturbances in the process of myocardial repolarization in adolescence (clinico pathogenetic aspects)]. PMID- 6527900 TI - [Benign teratoma in a supernumerary ovary]. PMID- 6527902 TI - [Functional characteristics of the cardiovascular system in non-rheumatic myocardial lesions in children]. PMID- 6527903 TI - [Echocardiography in the evaluation of phasic-volumetric indicators of the cardiac cycle in healthy schoolchildren]. PMID- 6527904 TI - [Indicators of the persistence of the rubella virus in children with congenital heart defects]. PMID- 6527905 TI - [Two-dimensional echocardiography in the diagnosis of pulmonary artery atresia with a ventricular septal defect]. PMID- 6527906 TI - [Current problems in balneology in pediatrics]. PMID- 6527907 TI - [Effect of a family history of rheumatic fever on the reactivity of healthy children and children with rheumatic fever]. PMID- 6527909 TI - [Abdominal angiography in children]. PMID- 6527908 TI - [Value of health resorts in the treatment of children with rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 6527910 TI - [Organization of sanitation in day nurseries for children who are often sick]. PMID- 6527911 TI - [Radiological study of young children with recurrent vomiting]. PMID- 6527912 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of hemolytic anemia in children]. PMID- 6527913 TI - [Iron deficiency and the state of the body's defenses]. PMID- 6527914 TI - [Russell-Silver syndrome]. PMID- 6527915 TI - [Progeria in a 4-year-old child]. PMID- 6527916 TI - [Clinical study of children and adolescents with risk factors for atherosclerosis and ischemic heart disease]. PMID- 6527917 TI - [Rare case of malformation of the small intestine in a child]. PMID- 6527918 TI - [Trisomy syndrome of the 9th chromosome in a 3-month-old infant]. PMID- 6527919 TI - [State of lipid and purine metabolism in children with a family history of ischemic heart disease]. PMID- 6527920 TI - [Neutropenia from oxacillin. 3 pediatric cases]. AB - Neutropenia developed in 3 pediatrics patients during treatment with oxacillin. The time of onset ranged from 18 to 24 days after beginning treatment with dose of 150 mg/kg/24 h. Concomitant symptoms were fever and rashes. During treatment with oxacillin it is necessary to monitor blood cell count every week. PMID- 6527921 TI - [Camptomelic dysplasia. Apropos of a case]. AB - A new case of campomelic dysplasia is reported, probably the first in Africa, with several remarkable points which might suggest an hypothetic embryopathy. PMID- 6527922 TI - [Hodgkin's disease in children]. PMID- 6527923 TI - [Round table on suppurative meningitis in children]. PMID- 6527924 TI - Contextual effects in infant visual perception. AB - A familiarization/preference technique was used to assess the ability of three- and four-month-old infants to discriminate line segments that differed in orientation. Discrimination was found to be significantly better, as evidenced by a greater preference for the novel stimulus, when the line segments were embedded in a redundant contextual frame than when they were presented alone. However this effect could not always be unambiguously interpreted; under some stimulus conditions, a strong stimulus preference may have caused the novelty effect. It is concluded that perception in infants is, at least in part, organized and, as in adults, involves more than a simple feature-by-feature analysis of information. PMID- 6527925 TI - Representational drawings of solid objects by young children. AB - Two groups of children aged 6 and 8 years were given three tasks requiring graphical representations of solid geometric forms. These tasks were drawing from life models, copying from photographs, and copying from line drawings of these objects. Performance was assessed on the basis of level of approximation to correct perspective. Older children used more perspective features than younger children in their drawings. At all ages, the drawings from life were most difficult. Results on the two copying tasks were not consistent. Drawings made by copying photographs were either as advanced as or poorer than copies of line drawings. The results are explained in terms of the difficulties exhibited by young children in translating the three-dimensional scene to a two-dimensional picture plane and strategies adopted by them to cope with these problems. PMID- 6527926 TI - Two channels for flicker in the human visual system. AB - The human visual system contains a large number of narrowly-tuned spatial frequency-specific channels. Does it contain an analogous set of channels tuned to a narrow range of temporal frequency? On the basis of data gathered with the use of a threshold elevation technique it is argued that human sensitivity to flicker can be accounted for by assuming the existence of just two filters, one a low-pass filter peaking gently at around 6 Hz and one a band-pass filter peaking at around 9 Hz. Similar data gathered from studies of interocular transfer suggest that at least some of the mechanisms involved are binocular, rather than being purely monocular as has previously been suggested. PMID- 6527927 TI - The role of pattern and flicker mechanisms in determining the spatiotemporal limits of velocity perception. 1. Upper movement thresholds. AB - For rapidly moving gratings, the percept of smooth drift is limited by the "coherent drift' threshold. At more rapid rates of movement, the spatial and temporal structure of the stimulus may be individually perceived, but the global spatiotemporal percept of smooth drift breaks down and the stimulus appears to be made up of discrete patches of flickering grating. This coherent drift threshold is strongly dependent upon both spatial frequency and contrast and roughly parallels the "pattern', rather than the "flicker' threshold. The relationships between the three types of threshold suggest that the global percept of smooth drift depends upon mechanisms which are the same as those which underpin the separate percepts of spatial and temporal structure. PMID- 6527928 TI - The role of pattern and flicker mechanisms in determining the spatiotemporal limits of velocity perception. 2. The lower movement threshold. AB - For slowly-drifting foveally-presented gratings of 1 cycle deg-1 and above, continuous movement can be perceived at stimulus velocities greater than about 1 min visual angle s-1, irrespective of spatial frequency, providing stimulus contrast is greater than 0.01. For coarser gratings, the minimum perceivable rate of drift is determined by the detectability of the stimulus and is strongly dependent upon both spatial frequency and contrast. PMID- 6527929 TI - Low-level and high-level processes in the perceptual organization of three dimensional apparent motion. AB - An experiment is described in which a bistable motion display is shown in four combinations of monoptic and dichoptic viewing. When two triangles are replaced by one of them, one of two competing phenomena can be seen: local disappearance of the triangle that has not been replaced; a 3-D rotation of a rigid triangle from one location to another. The dependence of the first sensation on the duration of the interstimulus interval and on monocular availability of the local identity information confirms previous evidence about the existence of two processes which mediate apparent motion. The localization of the high-level process, however, is questioned on the basis of a comparison of data obtained when motion information was monoptic or only dichoptic. As monoptic motion information seems more effective, the 'figural' higher process cannot be wholly located at the binocular level. PMID- 6527930 TI - The relationship between space and time in the perception of stimuli moving behind a slit. AB - When a shape defined by a set of dots plotted along its contour is presented in a sequence of frames within the boundaries of a slit, and in each frame only one dot (featureless frame) or two dots (feature frame) are displayed, a whole moving dotted shape is perceived. Masking techniques and psychophysical measures have been used to show that a dynamic random-dot mask interferes with shape identification, provided the interframe interval is greater than about 15 ms, and there are no stimulus features for recognition in individual frames. A similar pattern of results was obtained when the observer had only to detect the movement of a single dot or a pair of dots against a dynamic-noise background. It is concluded that the visual system can resolve the correspondence problem in both apparent movement (one moving dot) and aperture viewing (featureless-frame condition) by extracting motion before the extraction of features in each frame. However, the results also show that where feature identification in each frame is possible, it can also be used to identify the moving targets. PMID- 6527931 TI - Pattern and orientation effects on afterimage duration. AB - Patterns composed of a pair of lines: vertical + horizontal, vertical + oblique, horizontal + oblique, and oblique + oblique, either centrally-aligned or edge aligned, were shown at two positions of rotation. After a 1-s exposure to the pattern observers timed the duration of afterimages consisting of individual lines (fragmentary state) and the pattern as a whole (unitary state) for the ensuring 60 s. Summing unitary and fragmentary afterimage durations yielded the total afterimage duration for each pattern. Three hypotheses were confirmed by the results: (i) total afterimage duration is constant for all patterns when integrated spatiotemporal luminances are equal; (ii) unitary afterimage duration is also constant; (iii) fragmentary afterimages of vertically oriented lines have longer durations than either their horizontal or oblique pair members, regardless of alignment and, with one exception, rotation. For all patterns, the durations of the unitary and the fragmentary state represent a fixed portion of the total afterimage duration. The difference between afterimage duration for differently oriented lines in patterns which include a vertical is discussed in relation to the vertical-horizontal illusion, the function and structure of cortical orientation processes, and perceptual development. PMID- 6527932 TI - Disappearance of afterimages at 'impossible' locations in space. AB - An eccentrically positioned afterimage, viewed in the dark, will disappear if the eye is positioned so that the afterimage now projects to a more extreme location relative to straight ahead. It was found that the afterimage disappeared when it projected to a location which corresponded to the edge of the visual field defined by the brow, cheek, and nose. This suggests that visibility of stimuli from those retinal regions shadowed by the head is influenced by eye-position information. PMID- 6527933 TI - Diverting subjects' concentration slows figural reversals. AB - Earlier research has shown that subjects are slower to discover the alternative construal of ambiguous geometric figures if they are simultaneously engaged in distractor tasks. Results are reported which show that this effect slows reversals subsequent to the first reversal, and is therefore not merely slowing the discovery of the alternative construal. In addition, the magnitude of the distraction effect seems unchanged through the successive reversals. The results are discussed in terms of their implications for figural reversal and of their implications for the role of mental resources in perceiving. PMID- 6527934 TI - On the perception of Glass patterns. AB - Recent findings about our perception of Glass patterns suggest that the processes responsible for the perception of a global pattern composed of random features may be mechanisms performing measurements in the spatial and energy domain rather than logical operations on symbolic descriptions. These mechanisms may be based on principles derivable from spatial regularity and coherence of objects in the three-dimensional world. PMID- 6527935 TI - Extending the perception of shape from known to unknown shading. AB - Two experiments are reported which demonstrate the effects of light-source position as an intervening variable upon the perception of relief in pictures. In the first experiment, it is shown that the pattern of light (attached shadow) falling upon forms that can be recognized as having unambiguous surface relief (concave and convex parts) influences the perception of forms with ambiguous surface relief. In the second experiment it is demonstrated that cast shadows may also determine the interpretation of ambiguous relief. These findings suggest that light-source position, implicitly or explicitly, mediates the interpretation of surface relief in pictures. PMID- 6527936 TI - A three-dimensional motion aftereffect produced by prolonged adaptation to a rotation simulation. AB - After adaptation to a perspective simulation of a square plane rotating in depth, an ambiguous rotation simulation (ie one containing no perspective information) appears to rotate in the direction opposite that of adaptation. The strength of this three-dimensional motion aftereffect (MAE) is proportional to the amount of perspective available in the adaptation display and, in the dark, decays to about 75% of its initial strength within about 546 s. The nature of the testing situation and a control experiment suggest that the three-dimensional MAE is not caused by retinal adaptation of two-dimensional directionally selective mechanisms. PMID- 6527937 TI - Evidence for a monosynaptic connection between slowly adapting pulmonary stretch receptor afferents and inspiratory beta neurones. AB - The synaptic connection between slowly adapting pulmonary stretch receptor afferents and inspiratory neurones within a region ventral to the tractus solitarius was determined using intracellular recording and spike triggered averaging techniques. When the vagus nerve was stimulated at intensities eliciting a Hering-Breuer reflex, the difference in mean latency between centrally recorded action potentials of slowly adapting pulmonary stretch receptor afferents and e.p.s.p.s of inspiratory beta neurones was 0.2 ms. This difference is indicative of a monosynaptic connection. Extracellular single unit spikes of slowly adapting pulmonary stretch receptors recorded from the nodose ganglion were used to trigger the averaging of synaptic noise recorded from inspiratory neurones. A prominent wave of synaptic depolarization was observed in all inspiratory beta neurones even when a small number of sweeps were averaged. This depolarization was absent from inspiratory alpha neurones. The shape indices of these depolarizations are consistent with a monosynaptic connection between slowly adapting pulmonary stretch receptor afferents and inspiratory beta neurones. In addition, the data raise the possibility that this connection is multiple and distributed. PMID- 6527938 TI - Breathing pattern and stretch receptor activity during high frequency ventilation. AB - In anaesthetized rabbits the effects of high frequency ventilation (HFV) on breathing pattern and on stretch receptor (SR) activity were examined in order to elucidate the mechanism underlying the inhibition of respiration during HFV. An attempt was undertaken to compare the effects of HFV with those of static lung inflations. HFV applied in frequencies between 5 Hz and 25 Hz and with peak airway pressure (Paw) between 5 and 15 cm H2O led - proportionally to Paw - to a gradual prolongation of expiration up to an apnoea. Similar effects occurred during lung inflations, although at higher Paw than during HFV. HFV-induced apnoea was accompanied by a tonic phrenic and diaphragmatic activity which was absent during inflation-induced apnoea. In addition to the activity due to spontaneous breathing, during HFV the SR discharge rate increased with each positive airflow pulse particularly in the expiratory phase, whereas the inspiratory discharge rate was less affected. During static lung inflations there was a parallel increase of both inspiratory and expiratory SR activity, the expiratory discharge rate, however, remaining lower and the inspiratory discharge rate rising more than during HFV. It is concluded that the HFV-induced increase of expiratory SR discharge rate may account for the inhibition of spontaneous breathing during HFV. The persistence of phrenic and diaphragmatic activity during HFV-induced apnoea is thought to be due to activation of irritant receptors. PMID- 6527941 TI - Deutsche Physiologische Gesellschaft: Abstracts of the 60th meeting (autumn meeting). October 2-5, 1984, Dortmund. PMID- 6527940 TI - Diffusion of chloride ions in the mucus on the oesophagus of Enophrys bison, a marine teleost fish. AB - Microelectrodes sensitive to Cl- have been used to estimate the diffusion coefficient for Cl- in the mucus on the oesophagus of a marine teleost fish, Enophrys bison. The estimate was 0.231 X 10(-5) cm2s-1. This value is significantly less than the value in saline or in seawater. The technique was based on a simple interpretation of Ficks 1st law. The flux of Cl- across an isolated, everted preparation of oesophagus was compared to the concentration gradient of Cl- within the mucous layer and its thickness and the surface area of the preparation available to diffusion. PMID- 6527939 TI - Concentration dependence of the unidirectional sulfate and phosphate flux in human red cell ghosts under selfexchange and under homoexchange conditions. AB - The concentration dependence of the sulfate and the phosphate selfexchange and homoexchange fluxes was studied in resealed red cell ghosts (25 degrees C, pH 7.3). The selfexchange fluxes were calculated from the rate constant of the tracer back-exchange and from the intracellular substrate anion content. The homoexchange fluxes were determined from the initial cis-to-trans tracer fluxes and the initial specific substrate anion activities at the cis-membrane side. Sulfate and phosphate concentrations ranging from approx. 2-100 mM were employed. The selfexchange fluxes of sulfate and of phosphate exhibit sigmoidal flux/concentration curves. The apparent Hill coefficients were in the range of 1.2-1.4 indicating a type of positive cooperativity. Under homoexchange conditions the positive cooperativity of the flux/concentration curves disappears. The outward homoexchange fluxes of sulfate and phosphate display a saturation kinetics with Hill coefficients close to 1.0. The inward homoexchange fluxes exhibit a negative type of cooperativity with Hill coefficients smaller than 1.0. The sulfate and the phosphate half-saturation concentrations for the outer and the inner membrane surface are equal in size and amount to approx. 35 mM for sulfate and to approx. 110 mM for phosphate, respectively. The positive cooperativity of the unidirectional sulfate and phosphate fluxes under selfexchange conditions and the disappearance of the positive cooperativity under homoexchange conditions indicate a cooperativity of the translocation process. The saturation of the outward homoexchange flux and the negative cooperativity of the inward homoexchange flux suggest a substrate anion binding according to the law of mass action at the inner and a negative cooperativity of substrate anion binding at the outer membrane surface. PMID- 6527942 TI - Effect of alkylating agents on hematopoiesis in myelofibrosis. 4 case report. AB - Four patients presenting with myelofibrosis (2 primary myelofibrosis and 2 postpolycythemic myeloid metaplasia) were treated with alkylating agents. For three patients (one treated with busulfan and two treated with chlorambucil) the treatment was a success: the general condition improved, the splenomegaly decreased or disappeared, and the blood picture returned to normal. Moreover, for two cases, a trend towards polycythemia was observed under treatment. For the fourth patient, treated with chlorambucil, there was no improvement: a life threatening, pancytopenic phase developed at the end of the treatment, but it disappeared after 2 months. For the three successfully treated cases, a redistribution of hematopoiesis from spleen to bone marrow was shown by ferrokinetics, 59Fe scans, and bone marrow biopsies. In addition, in the case treated with busulfan, a decrease in the bone marrow granulopoietic pool at the expense of the erythropoietic one was observed. No redistribution was seen in the patient for whom the treatment was a failure. In this case, the spleen remained the major site of active hematopoiesis. Studies on blood granulomonocytic-colony forming cells (GM-CFC's) helped to discriminate the successfully treated patients from the unsuccessfully treated one. In the successfully treated patients, the GM CFC concentrations dropped to normal values and increased again within weeks following the treatment interruption; this increase involved mainly high density GM-CFC's (greater than 1.060). In the unsuccessfully treated patient, GM-CFC concentrations decreased only after 5 weeks of intensive treatment. The mean density of the GM-CFC's was 1.064 before treatment, shifted towards 1.060 during the neutropenic phase and returned to 1.064 during the recovery. PMID- 6527943 TI - [Endothelial cells and adhesion of red cells in diabetes and sickle cell anemia. Quantitative and qualitative aspects]. AB - Endothelial cell alterations are considered to be a primary event in thrombosis and atherosclerosis. The adhesion of red cells from diabetic patients or patients with sickle cell anemia was measured using endothelial cell culture and a radiometric technique. The adhesion was significantly increased (P less than 0.001). Ultrastructure observation of red cells adhering to endothelial cells showed endothelial cell deformations, membrane modifications and formation of an anchoring device. Morphological changes support the hypothesis of an endothelial cell stimulation or damage during adhesion already suggested by the increased prostacyclin release during red cell adhesion. PMID- 6527944 TI - A study of the efficacy of 5 alpha- and 5 beta-androstanes in chronic experimental aplastic anemia in mice. AB - The efficacy of in vivo administration of a 5 alpha-androstane and two 5 beta androstanes (3 alpha and 3 beta) on CFU/GM and CFU/E mouse bone marrow stem cells was compared. The subjects were two groups of Swiss Webster mice: one normal group and one group in whom chronic aplastic anemia was induced by irradiation followed by mesenteric node lymphocyte grafting from C57/Bl donor mice. In normal animals, the two types of androgens (5 alpha and 5 beta) had the same efficacy, and the injection of 5 beta-androstane, before that of 5 alpha, significantly increased its efficacy. In aplastic mice, 5 alpha and 5 beta-androstanes had the same efficacy on CFU/E but 5 beta-androstanes were more efficient on the granulopoietic committed stem cells. The efficacy of the association of the two compounds in aplastic mice was not superior to that of each drug alone, which can be explained by the depletion of the stem cell compartment induced by the stimulating effect of the first androgen. PMID- 6527945 TI - Critical considerations on a comparative study of two staging systems for multiple myeloma. AB - Material from a selected group of dead myeloma patients has been analyzed for the application of the staging systems proposed by Durie and Salmon and by Merlini, Waldenstrom and Jayakar. Neither of the systems showed prognostic significance in this myeloma population. No significant correlation was found between bone marrow plasmocytosis, renal function and survival. The selection of the myeloma population may be the major determinant in these discrepancies with data in current literature. PMID- 6527946 TI - [Contesting a critique of the comparison of 2 prognostic classifications of multiple myeloma]. PMID- 6527947 TI - [Platelet count and distribution of platelet volume in whole blood using a Coulter S Plus. Demonstration of errors not detected by the apparatus]. AB - The Coulter Counter S Plus is a reliable instrument for performing platelet counts, platelet sizing and different platelet indices. A critical analysis of platelet indices, mean red cell volume and platelet histograms indicates the presence of small erythrocytes thus avoiding any errors. PMID- 6527948 TI - [Adrenaline in the development of arterial hypertension]. PMID- 6527949 TI - [Diagnostic value of sphygmometric indicators of arterial damage in comparative studies of patients with arteriosclerosis and arterial hypertension]. PMID- 6527951 TI - Response to ultraviolet radiation: ear swelling in hairless mice. AB - Ear swelling, as measured by an engineer's micrometer, shows a positive relationship to doses of ultraviolet radiation (over a range of 0 to 7.4 times the minimally damaging dose) during the first 4 d after irradiation. Subsequently, doses greater than 3 D (see text) caused significant thickening associated with scab formation. Doses of 3 D and lower continued to show a well correlated dose-response to the end of the study. Changes in ear thickness afford a metric indication (non-invasively and repetitively) of the severity of a skin response to UV. PMID- 6527950 TI - Neoplastic transformation of neonatal mouse skin fibroblasts in culture after a single exposure to ultraviolet radiation in vivo. AB - An in vivo-in vitro system was employed for studying carcinogenesis by a single exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Neonatal C3H mice were exposed once to UV in vivo for various lengths of time, and cells from the dermis were isolated and cultured in vitro. The progression of these cells to the neoplastic state was monitored in vitro. The cells cultured from mice exposed to UV radiation exhibited morphological transformation, formed colonies in soft agar, and produced tumors when injected into syngeneic recipients. In contrast, cell cultures prepared from unirradiated mice did not show any of these characteristics. The cells cultured from mice exposed to higher doses of UV acquired the capacity to grow in soft agar at earlier passages than those cells obtained from mice exposed to lower doses of UV, suggesting a possible relationship between UV dose and rate of neoplastic progression. All the cell lines established from UV-irradiated mouse skin produced fibrosarcomas when transplanted into syngeneic recipients. There appeared to be a good correlation between anchorage-independent growth and tumorigenicity in vivo. Some of the cell lines established from UV-irradiated mice grew into tumors preferentially in immunosuppressed C3H mice compared with their growth in normal syngeneic recipients. PMID- 6527952 TI - Actinic prurigo--a specific photodermatosis? AB - Actinic prurigo can be defined as an idiopathic photodermatosis which usually starts in childhood, particularly affects the female, with some evidence for an atopic and familial photosensitivity background. It affects both exposed and covered skin but mainly the former and although it may be present all the year round is usually maximal on the exposed skin during months of sunshine. The changes are those of a chronic prurigo along with more acute episodes following sunshine exposure in which there is a background of edematous erythema. It usually lasts throughout childhood and adolescence, but tends to wane and even to clear in late adolescence or early adult life. The etiology is unknown, as are the mechanisms involved. Action spectrum studies have produced no evidence for the involvement of specific wavelengths other than the presence of UV sensitivity in some subjects and a suggestion that the longer wavelength UVA may be more important than the sunburn waveband around 305 nm. Based on a study of 60 personal cases with actinic prurigo the authors agree with the longheld view of Calnan & Meara (1) that actinic prurigo is a separate and distinct photodermatosis. PMID- 6527953 TI - Recall of UVB-induced erythema in breast cancer patient receiving multiple drug chemotherapy. AB - One day after sunbathing, a breast cancer patient received intravenous methotrexate, cyclophosphamide and 5-fluorouracil and had a recall of her UV erythema over the following week. Phototesting with UVA and UVB prior to and after a subsequent chemotherapy treatment showed a UVB-induced recall of erythema, as well as a phototoxicity-like response. Skin biopsies from test sites were compatible with phototoxic dermatitis. The occurrence of both erythema recall and the phototoxicity-like reaction suggests that more than one mechanism is involved in this side effect. PMID- 6527954 TI - Personal solar UVR exposure: a method of increasing the reliability of measurements made with film badge dosimeters. AB - Polysulphone film, mounted in single aperture badges, has been used extensively to monitor personal solar UVB (280-315 nm) exposure. The reliability of individual badge measurements after exposure to solar simulated radiation was calculated using a 2-way analysis of variance. A new badge mount has been designed with 4 circular apertures. This badge had a 30% greater reliability of measurement than the older badge. The new badges are equally acceptable to clinical trial participants and are more robust in structure. It is suggested that the 4-aperture badge might be a useful successor to the single aperture badge in future studies of this nature. PMID- 6527955 TI - Quantitative determination of methoxsalen in human serum, suction blister fluid and epidermis by gas chromatography mass spectrometry. AB - A selected ion-monitoring gas chromatographic mass spectrometric method is described for the determination of methoxsalen employing trioxsalen as internal standard. Methoxsalen in the serum and skin of 5 psoriatic patients after PUVA bath therapy was determined. Quantitative gas chromatographic mass spectrometric analysis was performed in the election impact mode by monitoring the ratio of ions m/z 216/228. The methoxsalen level in human serum varied between 3-15 ng/ml, in suction blister fluid between 2-9 ng/ml and in suction blister roof (epidermis) between 6-242 ng/g during the first 30 min after the methoxsalen bath. PMID- 6527956 TI - Treatment of alopecia areata with three different PUVA modalities. AB - Seventy-six patients with severe alopecia areata were treated with either local or oral 8-methoxypsoralen and UVA irradiations. In 43 cases (57%) a good-to excellent result was obtained. The number of irradiations required for regrowth varied, but 20-40 treatments were sufficient in most cases with a positive response. Patients with circumscribed or ophiasic alopecia responded better than patients with total or universal alopecia. Non-atopic patients responded better than patients with atopy, while a family history of alopecia areata did not seem to have any significance on the outcome of the therapy. The age of onset of the disease seemed to be of importance, as well as the duration of the treated attack. Patients over 20 years old at the first attack showed a better response than patients with an earlier onset of the disease. During a follow-up period of 6-68 months, 22 of 43 successfully treated patients had a relapse. PMID- 6527957 TI - Home phototherapy of solar urticaria: a case report. PMID- 6527958 TI - Deterioration of liver function during PUVA therapy. PMID- 6527959 TI - PUVA-induced lupus erythematosus in a patient with polymorphous light eruption. PMID- 6527960 TI - Personal ultraviolet radiation dosimetry with polysulphone film badges. AB - The use of the plastic film, polysulphone, as a dosimeter for monitoring personal exposure to both natural and artificial sources of ultraviolet radiation is described. In particular, the relationship of the change in optical properties of the film with biologically-meaningful quantities, such as the minimal erythema dose, is explained. PMID- 6527961 TI - [Comparative value of the assessment of the extent of myocardial infarction by the Sobel and Shell methods of measuring CK and CK-MB levels]. PMID- 6527962 TI - [Blood serum enzymes during early physical rehabilitation of patients with myocardial infarction]. PMID- 6527963 TI - [Evaluation of regional disorders of left-ventricular contraction by two dimensional echocardiography]. PMID- 6527964 TI - [Exercise polycardiography in the evaluation of the effectiveness of sanatorium rehabilitation of patients with coronary disease]. PMID- 6527965 TI - [Coronarography in patients with normal electrocardiogram at rest and positive exercise ECG test]. PMID- 6527966 TI - [Changes in selected indicators of platelet function in patients with primary arterial hypertension treated with alpha-methyldopa]. PMID- 6527968 TI - Urinary MHPG is not a good predictor of antidepressive drug response. AB - The final results of treatment with 4 antidepressants (amitriptyline, imipramine, chlorimipramine and mianserine) in 80 patients with endogenous depression were analyzed with respect to their pre-treatment levels of urinary MHPG. The analysis revealed that MHPG measurements were of no practical value in predicting individual response to antidepressants. PMID- 6527967 TI - The effect of gastrectomy on pharmacokinetics of orally administered paracetamol in man. AB - Pharmacokinetics of paracetamol was investigated after administration of a single oral dose in patients with gastric and duodenal ulcers shortly before surgery and 4 weeks after partial Reichel-Poly gastrectomy. The course of changes of paracetamol concentrations was described with a two compartment model for extravascular administration. The calculations were carried out with an Odra 1300 computer. After gastrectomy the absorption of paracetamol was significantly depressed, particularly in patients with duodenal ulcers. PMID- 6527969 TI - New synthesis of 5-nitro- and 5-benzyloxytryptamine and their N-acylderivatives. AB - By modifying the method of Abramovitch for preparation of tryptamine, a way to obtain N-acyl derivatives of tryptamine 3a-g without the necessity of isolating free tryptamine was found. The hydrolysis of the appropriate acyl derivatives gave 5-nitro- and 5-benzyloxytryptamines. PMID- 6527970 TI - Correlation between disintegration, dissolution and in vivo absorption rate in the case of compounds with benzyl-isoquinoline structures and its pharmacokinetic aspects. AB - Investigations have proved that in the case of po preparations disintegration time, dissolution rate and in vivo absorption rate are closely interrelated. These correlations described by adequate mathematical formulas are valid in the case of papaverine, drotaverine and Depogen--compounds with benzyl-isoquinoline structure. PMID- 6527971 TI - The development of a unified physico-chemical research line for studying the relationship between the resorption rates and the physico-chemical properties of drugs. AB - The developed physico-chemical panel system was tested by partly similar, partly different structures. The system seems to be useful with a high operating efficiency for the calculation and prediction of the absorption rates at different structures. One of the used physico-chemical molecular and system parameters seems to be particularly useful for characterisation of drug absorption. The authors propose the using of dipole moments for prediction of drug absorption, because this physico-chemical constant is calculable on the basis of chemical structures of drugs without measurements, and it characterizes the absorption rates with the largest probability from obtained physico-chemical constants in this panel system. The authors hope that this method will help in decreasing the costs and increasing the efficiency of drug-design. PMID- 6527972 TI - Pharmacokinetics of vinpocetine (Cavinton) in dog. AB - The pharmacokinetics of vinpocetine after 10 mg po and iv doses was studied in six beagle dogs treated in cross-over design. The concentration of the drug in plasma was determined by gas-liquid chromatography using N-P FID and capillary column. The elimination half-live and clearance values calculated from time plasma concentration data for iv administration were 8.9 +/- 2.87 h and 4.2 +/- 1.06 1/kg/h, respectively. The bioavailability of the drug was found to be 21.5 +/- 19.3%. PMID- 6527973 TI - Haemodynamic effects of intravenous nicardipine during upright exercise in patients with stable angina pectoris. AB - The immediate haemodynamic effects, at rest and during exercise, of 2.5 and 10mg intravenous nicardipine were measured in 20 male patients with uncomplicated angina pectoris due to angiographically confirmed coronary artery disease. At rest, both doses of nicardipine resulted in reductions in the systemic arterial pressure and vascular resistance and increases in heart rate and cardiac output. The changes were greater after the larger than after the smaller dose of nicardipine. During exercise, neither dose of nicardipine resulted in a substantial change in the haemodynamic profile, except that after the larger dose heart rate and cardiac output were higher than in the control study. These results indicate that the major overall haemodynamic effect of intravenous nicardipine is dilatation of the systemic arteriolar resistance vessels associated with reflex increase in cardiac pumping activity. PMID- 6527974 TI - Immediate and longer-term effects of nicardipine, at rest and during exercise, in patients with coronary artery disease. AB - Haemodynamic effects of nicardipine were studied in 12 patients with coronary artery disease. After 10 mg i.v. at rest heart rate increased (P less than 0.001); mean arterial pressure decreased (P less than 0.001); systemic vascular resistance decreased (P less than 0.001); cardiac output increased (P less than 0.001) and left ventricular end-diastolic pressure did not change. Exercise at control levels showed an increase (P less than 0.001) of heart rate and cardiac index and decreases of mean arterial pressure, systemic vascular resistance and left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (P less than 0.001). The ejection fraction response to exercise did not change. During exercise nicardipine prevented angina pectoris in 8/12 patients. Nicardipine is a potent vasodilator, which produced a marked reduction of systemic vascular resistance and left ventricular end-diastolic pressure during exercise. Angina pectoris was prevented on exercise in the majority of patients after intravenous administration. PMID- 6527975 TI - Effect of nicardipine on myocardial contractility and on angina induced by atrial pacing in patients with coronary artery disease (abstract). PMID- 6527976 TI - Effects of nicardipine or nifedipine added to propranolol in patients with coronary artery disease. AB - To assess the added effects of nicardipine and beta-blockers on the left ventricular (LV) function, 2.5 mg of i.v. nicardipine was given to 9 patients with coronary artery disease, pretreated with propranolol (0.1 mg/kg, i.v.). The changes in LV function observed after nicardipine were compared with those induced by nifedipine (20-30 mg sublingually), in 8 comparable patients also pretreated with propranolol. Nicardipine normalized the cardiac output and the rate of LV relaxation, both depressed by propranolol, without changes in LV filling pressure. After nicardipine, end-systolic volume (52 to 42 ml/m2; P less than 0.01) and ejection fraction (59 +/- 8 to 66 +/- 9%; P less than 0.01) improved; the mean systolic and diastolic wall stresses decreased respectively by 19% (P less than 0.01) and 21% (P less than 0.01) whereas the maximal LV pressure/volume ratio (Emax), an index of LV inotropic state, was unchanged (+4%; NS). Further, although nicardipine and nifedipine produced identical changes in LV systolic pressure (-25 vs -26 mmHg; NS nicardipine vs nifedipine) and in heart rate, the changes in end-systolic volume (-9 +/- 4 vs -3 +/- 9 ml/m2; P less than 0.005), in Emax (+0.14 +/- 0.31 vs -0.20 +/- 0.22 mmHg/ml/m2; P less than 0.025) and in ejection fraction (+7 +/- 4 vs +2 +/- 4%; P less than 0.025) were significantly greater after nicardipine than after nifedipine. In conclusion, nicardipine administered after propranolol improves LV pump function and has no negative inotropic effects as indicated by the lack of dP/dt Max and Emax changes. These additive effects of nicardipine after propranolol were greater than those of nifedipine administered at an equipotent vasodilator dosage. PMID- 6527977 TI - Haemodynamic effects of nicardipine in acute myocardial infarction. AB - The haemodynamic dose-response effects of the slow-calcium channel blocker nicardipine were evaluated in fifteen male patients with uncomplicated acute myocardial infarction. Following a 1 hr control period, during which the stability of base-line control haemodynamic variables was confirmed, four i.v. boluses of 1.25, 1.25, 2.5 and 5.0 mg of the drug (cumulative dosage 1.25, 2.5, 5.0 and 10.0 mg) were administered at 15 min intervals. The plasma concentrations achieved are within the previously described therapeutic range (greater than 20 micrograms/l). Nicardipine resulted in linear reductions in systemic arterial pressure and vascular resistance, and dose-related increases in heart rate, cardiac and stroke output without change in the left heart filling pressure. Intravenous nicardipine did not induce any depression of left ventricular pumping performance in our patients in the early stages of uncomplicated myocardial infarction. PMID- 6527978 TI - Intravenous nicardipine in patients with chronic heart failure: a nuclear stethoscope study. AB - The effects of intravenous nicardipine (10 mg) on some aspects of left ventricular function have been studied with a radioisotope method in 10 male patients in chronic heart failure (NYHA Class II and III). Blood pressure (mean +/- s.d.) fell from 133 +/- 26/86 +/- 11 mm Hg to 103 +/- 22/69 +/- 13. Heart rate rose from 67 +/- 9 beats per minute to 85 +/- 10. Left ventricular ejection fraction rose from 31 +/- 7% to 38 +/- 6% and relative cardiac output from 24 +/- 9 to 41 +/- 11 (P less than 0.001 in all cases). This suggests that nicardipine has a potent vasodilator effect which results in increased left ventricular pumping activity in patients with mild to moderate heart failure. PMID- 6527979 TI - Pharmacokinetics of nicardipine following oral and intravenous administration in man. AB - The pharmacokinetics of nicardipine have been studied following oral and intravenous administration in man and the effects of food on nicardipine kinetics investigated. Following intravenous administration of nicardipine as an infusion plasma levels declined in a biphasic manner and plasma clearance values were of the same order as hepatic plasma flow. Following oral administration in the starved state nicardipine was rapidly absorbed but subject to presystemic elimination. Maximal plasma concentrations were achieved typically between 20 minutes and 2 hours after administration. The oral bioavailability of nicardipine determined by reference to a co-administered intravenous radiolabelled dose was found to be non-linearly related to dose. Bioavailability ranged from 15-45% approximately over the dose range 10-40 mg. Administration of nicardipine following a meal reduced the bioavailability of nicardipine. PMID- 6527980 TI - Monoclonal antibody defining a human syncytiotrophoblastic polypeptide immunologically related to mammalian retrovirus structural protein p30. AB - Antigenic material previously detected in human placental trophoblastic cells by immunoperoxidase staining using a goat antiserum against the feline RD114 retrovirus structural protein p30 was isolated by immunochromatography from normal syncytiotrophoblast. The antigen was used to immunize mice, and of the monoclonal antibodies produced by murine hybridomas an IgG1 was selected which reacted in enzyme immunoassay with the syncytiotrophoblast antigen and with purified RD114. This antibody, designated HPS-1, stained normal and neoplastic syncytiotrophoblasts in a manner similar to that of the goat antibodies, detected in immunoblotting a Mr = 130 000 polypeptide in cultured human choriocarcinoma cells and reacted in spot immunoblotting tests with purified preparations of mammalian retroviruses but not with an avian retrovirus. The polypeptide antigen may represent activation of human endogenous retroviral genes in syncytiotrophoblast. PMID- 6527981 TI - Placental anatomy and diffusing capacity in guinea pigs following long-term maternal hypoxia. AB - To determine the relation of placental structure to placental diffusing capacity (DPCO), we exposed Hartley guinea pigs to 12 or 14 per cent O2 from day 15 of gestation to near term (64 days). At that time we measured DPCO and fetal body and placental weights. In addition, we used stereological techniques to measure placental parameters important to diffusing capacity. We also used a mathematical model with results from the stereological measurements to predict the diffusing capacity. In the first hypoxic group (E1), measured DPCO decreased 10.1 +/- 3.7 per cent, while that predicted was 2.4 per cent less than control. Total vascular volume decreased 6.6 +/- 3.6 per cent, while tissue volume and mean diffusion distance increased 10.2 +/- 5.6 per cent and 12.9 +/- 7.0 per cent, respectively. In the pair-fed animals, measured DPCO decreased 22.6 +/- 4.6 per cent, while that predicted was 20.0 per cent less than control. There were no significant stereological differences in this group. In the second (E2) hypoxic group, measured DPCO increased 27.2 +/- 7.4 per cent, while that predicted increased 38.2 per cent. For this same group, total vascular volume increased 11.7 +/- 3.0 per cent, and tissue volume and mean diffusion distance decreased 18.2 +/- 4.6 per cent and 17.8 +/- 3.8 per cent, respectively. These results demonstrate the dependence of placental diffusing capacity upon placental structure. PMID- 6527982 TI - Evaluation of the Xe-133 clearance method for indirect placental blood flow determination. AB - The Xe-133 clearance method, chosen by several groups for indirect placental blood flow (PBF) determination, is evaluated using a placenta-fetus compartment model first introduced by Moll (1973). The placenta is modelled as a strong concurrent, counter-current or cross-current exchange system. The fetal circulatory system is simplified by dividing it into two major branches: the umbilical circulation and the fetal tissue or systemic circulation. Following an arbitrary labelling of maternal arterial blood, Xe-133 concentrations in myometrium, placenta and fetus are derived from the model and are used to calculate placental clearance rates. The dependence of clearance rates on maternal and fetal PBF, on the distribution of fetal cardiac output, and on the effect of recirculation times, is considered in the three different arrangements of maternal and fetal placental vessels. PMID- 6527983 TI - Characterization of antibodies to antigens of the human amnion. AB - The specificities of antisera produced in nine rabbits to seven different preparations of human amniotic epithelium and controls were studied by immunofluorescence on cryostat sections of human amniochorions, placentae and a large collection of other tissues. Three different groups of reaction patterns were identified with the use of these antibodies, indicating the presence of at least three antigenic groupings which have been tentatively designated as amnion antigens 1 (AA1), amnion antigens 2 (AA2) and amnion antigens 3 (AA3). The AA1 group was found on the ectodermal tissues of breast ductal and corneal epithelium as well as on Hassall's corpuscles, while the AA2 group was also found on breast ductal and corneal epithelium and basal keratinocytes, but not on Hassall's corpuscles. The AA3 group was found on basement membranes of ectodermally derived epithelium, but was negative on kidney. The identification of the distribution of antigens in common with ectodermal tissues and extra-embryonic membranes suggests that human amnion and chorion may have a close embryological relationship with embryonic ectoderm and its subsequent products of organogenesis. PMID- 6527984 TI - Low-speed purification of human placental nuclei. AB - A simple method for the purification of human placental nuclei is described. Nuclei were isolated by homogenizing tissue in standard saline citrate solution in the presence of zinc chloride to stabilize the nuclear membranes, NP40 as non ionic detergent and sodium bisulphite for inhibition of proteolytic activity. Nuclei purification was achieved by low-speed centrifugation through a discontinuous sucrose gradient. The purified nuclei were evaluated by morphological criteria using phase contrast and electron microscopy. The extent of contamination by cytoplasmic debris was estimated by Papanicolaou's staining technique. Biochemical criteria include measurements of alkaline phosphatase activity as a plasma membrane enzyme marker and DNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity for the functional integrity of nuclear components. Transcriptionally active nuclei were obtained but the yield of nuclei was low; however, this low yield is compensated by the high degree of purity, the simplicity of the method and the functional and morphological integrity of the purified nuclei. PMID- 6527985 TI - The basement membrane proteins laminin and type IV collagen in isolated villi in pre-eclampsia. AB - The distribution and concentrations of the basement membrane proteins laminin and type IV collagen were studied in isolated placental villi in normal pregnancy and in pre-eclampsia. In both cases these proteins could be localized by immunofluorescence in the trophoblast and capillary basement membranes, and occasionally also in the matrix surrounding the capillaries. The basement membrane proteins were quantified by solubilizing the villi with proteolytic enzymes and by subsequently measuring the concentrations of two resistant domains of these proteins (7-S collagen and the fragment PI, representing type IV collagen and laminin, respectively) with specific radioimmunoassays. The ratio type IV collagen:laminin was significantly higher in pre-eclamptic samples than in the controls, most probably reflecting a decrease in laminin concentration in the villi in pre-eclampsia. Such a change in the chemical composition of placental basement membranes could weaken the attachment of trophoblast cells to the underlying basement membrane and also modify the permeability and exchange properties of the villi. PMID- 6527986 TI - Electron microscopic study of the localization of ferric iron in chorionic epithelium of the sheep placenta. AB - The ferrocyanide method has been used to study, at the ultrastructural level, the maternal-fetal iron transfer in the chorionic epithelium of the haemophagous regions of the sheep placenta during the third trimester of gestation (at the 126th and the 145th day of gestation). No significant differences could be found in the distribution pattern of the ferrocyanide precipitate product with the chorionic epithelium in both stages of gestation. The presence of ferrocyanide reaction product in lysosomal structures, involved in the breakdown of maternal erythrocytes ingested by chorionic epithelial cells, confirmed that trivalent iron is liberated from digested haemoglobin. Ferric iron was also detected in the epithelial cytoplasmic matrix especially in the vicinity of erythrolysosomal structures, between the lateral surfaces of neighbouring epithelial cells, along the complex of interdigitating folds and the basal plasma membrane. Only on one occasion was the presence of ferric iron observed in the basal lamina, between the junctions of the endothelial cells and in their cytoplasmic matrix. The results of the present study indicate that after the ferric iron is liberated from maternal haemoglobin its ionic state, subcellular distribution and, probably, its route of transport seem to be similar to that in the guinea-pig placenta which is characterized by the uptake of iron from maternal transferrin. PMID- 6527987 TI - Adolescent smokers and nonsmokers: profiles and their changing structure. AB - The status of smoking among tenth-graders in Jerusalem high schools as part of a smoking prevention program was examined. Two consecutive cohorts of 792 and 771 subjects were given questionnaires on two occasions: at the onset of the study (fall 1980 for the first cohort and fall 1981 for the second), and either 2 years (first cohort) or 1 year (second cohort) later. Based on the theory that smoking relates to counterconformity entailing rebelliousness and conformity to a nonconformist peer culture, subjects were asked about their behaviors and cognitions concerning school, home, peers, drinking, and smoking. It was reasoned that no single variable can predict, let alone explain, the onset and continuation of smoking and that the various factors that relate to smoking and distinguish between smokers and nonsmokers (a) constitute a systematic and coherent syndrome of counterconformity variables, which (b) reinforce each other, and (c) that over time, smoking and counterconformity come to affect each other reciprocally. These hypotheses were supported by the data. Smokers were found to differ from nonsmokers in a number of ways that were all related to counterconformity. Truancy and an inability to resist peer pressure to smoke, manifestations of two aspects of this syndrome, were the best predictors of smoking for both sexes, both cohorts, and both measuring occasions. With time, personal rebelliousness tended to become a weaker predictor, while social interaction variables became relatively stronger. The intercorrelations among the nonsmokers who became smokers were the highest, as predicted. The nature of the syndrome, its changing structure, and implications for prevention are discussed. PMID- 6527988 TI - Effects of physician counseling on the smoking behavior of asbestos-exposed workers. AB - Physician antismoking advice has been shown to increase smoking cessation, particularly among patients who have medical problems or perceive themselves to be at risk. The present study tested three hypotheses: (a) providing 3 to 5 min of behavioral counseling regarding a cessation strategy would be more effective than simply warning the smoker to quit smoking; (b) smokers with abnormal pulmonary function would be more likely to comply with medical advice than would smokers with normal pulmonary function; and (c) that smokers with abnormal pulmonary function who receive behavioral counseling would be the group most likely to achieve prolonged abstinence. Asbestos-exposed smoking men undergoing screening in a mandated program for naval shipyard workers were categorized as having normal or abnormal pulmonary status on the basis of chest X ray and pulmonary function tests (PFT). They were then randomly assigned within PFT categories to receive either a simple warning or 3 to 5 min of behavioral cessation counseling from the physician who gave them the results of their pulmonary tests. Subjects' smoking status was evaluated at 3- and 11-month intervals following the physician intervention. Smokers who received behavioral counseling were more likely to quit and remain abstinent over the 11-month period (8.4% abstinent) than were smokers given a minimal warning (3.6% abstinent). Prolonged abstinence rates among abnormal PFT subjects (3.7%) did not differ from those of normals (5.9%). The group with normal PFT who received behavioral counseling achieved the highest level of abstinence (9.5%). Maintaining adequate physician compliance with the counseling protocol proved difficult; implications of this for future efforts are discussed. PMID- 6527989 TI - Smoking cessation with young women in public family planning clinics: the impact of physician messages and waiting room media. AB - This study evaluated the impact of a media program and a physician-delivered message in encouraging smoking cessation among young black women in public family planning clinics. Incorporated into the clinic visit, the 3- to 5-min physician message was intended to elicit a commitment from participants to take steps toward quitting, namely, to think about quitting, set a target date, enlist the help of family and friends, throw away matches and cigarettes, and to then quit "cold turkey." The media program consisted of specially designed posters in waiting rooms showing models of people in the process of quitting and a continuously run movie dealing with women and smoking. A total of 1,179 female smokers were recruited into the study when they came to three separate clinics in Baltimore, Maryland, to receive gynecological examinations and/or contraceptive services. Four separate interventions were tested: (I) a baseline questionnaire about smoking habits and related information; (II) baseline questionnaire plus media program; (III) baseline questionnaire plus physician message; and (IV) baseline questionnaire plus media program plus physician message. Conditions I and II were administered in Clinic A on alternating weeks, Condition III was administered in Clinic B, and Condition IV was administered in Clinic C. Follow up was conducted at 3 and 12 months. Follow-up rates were 88.1% at 3 months, 79.9% at 12 months, and 84.1% for both 3 and 12 months. Among women receiving the physician message (Conditions III and IV), 9.9% reported not smoking at 12 months; the lowest selfreported cessation rate was 3.1% in Condition I. When verified through analyzing cotinine in saliva, quit rates were 0.09% in Condition I, 2.4% in Condition II, 3.7% in Condition III, and 2.1% in Condition IV. The fact that participants receiving the physician message quit smoking at a significantly greater rate than those who did not indicates the need for further study of the impact of physician-delivered smoking cessation messages and ways to increase their effectiveness. PMID- 6527990 TI - Meat consumption and fatal ischemic heart disease. AB - In 1960 the meat-consumption habits of 25,153 California Seventh-Day Adventists were assessed by questionnaire. Between 1960 and 1980 ischemic heart disease deaths were identified. Meat consumption was positively associated with fatal ischemic heart disease in both men and women. This association was apparently not due to confounding by eggs, dairy products, obesity, marital status, or cigarette smoking. The positive association between meat consumption and fatal ischemic heart disease was stronger in men than in women and, overall, strongest in young men. For 45- to 64-year-old men, there was approximately a threefold difference in risk between men who ate meat daily and those who did not eat meat. This is the first study to clearly show a dose-response relationship between meat consumption and ischemic heart disease risk. PMID- 6527991 TI - An evaluation of the intervention against smoking in the multiple risk factor intervention trial. AB - The results of the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial showed no significant difference in mortality from coronary heart disease between intervention and control groups despite an apparent success of the intervention against cigarette smoking. A reanalysis of the published data indicates that the effectiveness of the smoking intervention may have been overestimated. The researchers counted those who smoked pipes or cigars at screen as nonsmokers and attempted to classify cigarette smokers who switched to pipes or cigars during the trial as successes whether or not they continued to inhale the smoke. It is unreasonable to assume a priori that inhaling pipe or cigar smoke is less dangerous than cigarette smoke. Moreover, attempting to include pipe and cigar smokers, who may have been inhaling smoke, among the successes makes biochemical validation of claims of abstinence overly lenient. When levels of serum thiocyanate are used to obtain an objective index of smoking reduction, it appears that the effect of intervention was considerably smaller than has been reported, and failed to reach design goals over the first 4 years. This could help to explain the disappointing mortality results. PMID- 6527992 TI - Estrogen use and myocardial infarction risk: a case-control study. AB - A case-control study was conducted to examine the relationship of estrogen use to myocardial infarction in postmenopausal white women. After exclusion of proxy responses and of controls with discharge diagnoses of gynecologic or gallbladder diseases, there remained 39 matched sets (33 pairs and 6 triplets). The unadjusted relative odds ratio (RO) for past estrogen use was found to be 0.83. However, after simultaneous adjustment for cardiovascular diseases, smoking, education, and type of menopause, the net RO was 0.61. Type of menopause was found to interact with estrogen use, in that the protective effect was seen mainly in surgical menopause women, in whom the net RO for estrogen use was 0.37. Although none of the results reached statistical significance, they are consistent with recent results indicating a protective effect for estrogen therapy in regard to coronary heart disease, mainly among women undergoing surgical menopause. PMID- 6527993 TI - Determinants of blood pressure in Jerusalem schoolchildren. AB - In 1982, 113 first- and second-graders attending an elementary school in West Jerusalem had their blood pressure (BP), height, weight, and resting pulse measured. Three successive BP readings were taken. The mean of the second and third readings was used for data analysis. Mean systolic blood pressure (SBP) was 98.30 +/- 8.51 mm Hg and mean diastolic blood pressure (DBP) was 67.63 +/- 6.85 mm Hg. An analysis of covariance was performed in order to determine the contribution of each independent variable (height, weight-for-height, sex, age, and resting pulse) to the variance in BP, while adjusting for all other independent variables. Height, weight-for-height, and resting pulse were all found to be significantly associated with both SBP and DBP. Children in the upper quartile of weight-for-height had a mean adjusted SBP that was 10.2 mm Hg higher than those in the lower quartile and a mean adjusted DBP that was 7.9 mm Hg higher. Children in the upper quartile of height (for age) had mean adjusted SBP and DBP that were 6.1 and 4.7 mm Hg higher, respectively, than those of children in the lower quartile. Sex and age showed no significant association with SBP. The associations between DBP and both sex and age were not statistically significant (P less than 0.10), but there was a trend for girls and older children to have a slightly higher DBP. In a subsample of 93 children who had both resting pulse and recovery index measured (using the Modified Harvard Step Test for children).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6527994 TI - Prevention and health promotion in primary care: baseline results on physicians from the INSURE Project on Lifecycle Preventive Health Services. AB - The INSURE Project on Lifecycle Preventive Health Services is a 3-year feasibility study to develop and test a clinical model of preventive health services, including patient education, in primary medical care as an insurance benefit. Seventy-four primary care physicians in group practices were surveyed regarding their baseline attitudes toward, and practice of, preventive services. Physicians report that they tend to be conscientious in educating their patients about their health risks, although they spend little time in patient education. Physicians are not sanguine about their success in getting their patients to follow their recommendations and tend to harbor doubts about their own efficacy in these areas. Specialty differences exist in these parameters. Physicians evidence contradictory attitudes about prevention. They believe doctors should spend more time providing preventive services but also believe that the lack of insurance reimbursement is an obstacle to providing these services. The concept of structural or sociological ambivalence is advanced to explain this pattern. PMID- 6527995 TI - Treatment of benign breast disease with vitamin A. AB - Twelve patients with benign breast disease (BBD) were treated with 150,000 IU of vitamin A daily taken orally. All patients were symptomatic and had measurable or evaluable breast masses. At 3 months of treatment, complete or partial responses were observed in five patients, and marked pain reduction in nine was observed. Side effects were generally mild in nature, consisting mostly of skin and mucosal changes, and were rapidly reversible upon discontinuation of the drug. Treatment was interrupted or discontinued in only two patients, and the dosage of vitamin A was reduced in one on account of toxicity. No hepatotoxicity was observed. Investigation of the chemopreventive role of either vitamin A or retinoids in patients with BBD who are at high risk of developing breast cancer is suggested. PMID- 6527996 TI - The methylxanthine beverages and foods: chemistry, consumption, and health effects. PMID- 6527997 TI - Tea: the plant and its manufacture; chemistry and consumption of the beverage. PMID- 6527998 TI - Effects of temporal stimulus properties on perception of the [sl]-[spl] distinction. AB - Two studies investigated the influence of the independently varied durations of preceding and following signal portions on the amount of closure silence needed to perceive 'splash' rather than 'slash'. Increases (or decreases) in the durations of the [s] and [l] acoustic segments had opposite effects which cancelled when the silent intervals were short (experiment 1), but yielded a net effect due to [s] duration when the silent intervals were long (experiment 2). These findings, which resolve a conflict between earlier results in the literature, are interpreted as reflecting a perceptual compensation for coarticulatory shortening of [s] before stop consonants, in conjunction with (possibly psychoacoustic) contrastive interactions between the perceived durations of adjacent acoustic segments. The results suggest that local temporal signal properties, as distinct from global perceived speaking rate, are an important factor in phonetic perception. PMID- 6527999 TI - Timing constraints and coarticulation: alveolo-palatals and sequences of alveolar + [j] in Catalan. AB - General articulatory characteristics and V-to-C coarticulatory effects for alveolo-palatals [n], [lambda] versus sequences [nj], [lj] in Catalan VCV utterances have been measured at the point of maximum alveolar contact and over time by means of dynamic palatography. Data show that the amount of V-to-C coarticulation in tongue dorsum contact varies inversely with the duration of the temporal lag between the periods of alveolar closure and palatal closure. Results support the view that coarticulation is affected by contrasting timing constraints on articulatory activity. PMID- 6528000 TI - Phylogenetic relationships among Vibrio anguillarum plasmids. AB - Results of restriction endonuclease analysis and Southern blot hybridization suggest that the R-plasmids from Vibrio anguillarum strains isolated in Japan can be divided into at least four groups of homology depending on the time of their isolation and geographical source. Molecular cloning experiments allowed identification of specific restriction endonuclease fragments carrying the genes for either Cmr or Tcr as the common sequences between some of these groups of R plasmids. The Cmr region from the V. anguillarum R-plasmids was homologous to the Cmr sequences of an R-plasmid isolated from another fish pathogen, Aeromonas salmonicida. The plasmid pJM1 from V. anguillarum strains isolated in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States, which encodes an iron transport system associated with the high-virulence phenotype of these strains, showed homology with two of the Japanese R-plasmids. PMID- 6528001 TI - Isolation and preliminary characterization of a plasmid mutant derepressed for conjugal transfer in Staphylococcus aureus. AB - The plasmid pCRG1600 is a 52.9-kb self-transmissible plasmid coding for resistance to aminoglycoside and beta-lactam antibiotics in Staphylococcus aureus. When transferred by transduction, plasmid deletion mutants affecting one or more antibiotic-resistance genes were readily obtained. Of these, one derivative (pCRG1690) was found to exhibit a conjugal transfer frequency ca. 100 fold higher than that of the wild-type plasmid. A preliminary physical-genetic map of pCRG1600 located tra in a 14.6-kb region within the 16.9-kb XbaI-A fragment. An 8.5-kb deletion to the left of tra in pCRG1690 was specifically associated with the increased conjugal transferability of the plasmid. Thus, pCRG1690 appears similar to plasmids derepressed for conjugal transfer (drd) in gram-negative bacterial species. PMID- 6528002 TI - [Epidemiologic study on the etiopathogenesis of multiple sclerosis]. AB - A computer-aided evaluation of those affected with multiple sclerosis (n = 90) with regard to the actually discussed hypothesis on the aetiology of this disease results in 10 significant signs. These signs in their majority support the combined hypothesis of a disturbed regulation of infection and immunity. Frequently, as early as in childhood and youth the upper airways are affected, and this is coupled with a severe course of the disease. The incidence also shows familially and territorially frequent occurrences. PMID- 6528004 TI - [Multiple recurrence in progressive paralysis]. AB - In case of progressive paralysis of the insane, repeated recurrence can be explained only by the survival of pathogens inspite of optimal therapeutic conditions, the persistence of the pathogens being possibly produced by turning of the treponemas into L-type forms. In order that the possibilities and limits of recurrence verification will become apparent, reference is made to humoral and immunological changes of state given by way of example. PMID- 6528003 TI - [Thrombophilic diatheses as hemostasis disorders in acute psychoses]. AB - In acute psychotic states of agitation there is an enhanced incidence of thromboembolic complications. Hence, it is required to consider any intrapsychotic and postpsychotic deviations occurring in the regular clotting process, and to correct them therapeutically, if necessary. PMID- 6528005 TI - [Documentation and control of the change process in group psychotherapy]. AB - The practicabilites of applying methods for the representation and control of defined process data from a pragmatic aspect are described, and the significance of some methods to interpret a relevant therapeutic situation as well as to reveal the result obtained in therapy is specified. The actual possibilities to mathematicise the individual process characteristics apply to the definitions of three phases of therapy and permit to determining certain constellations in terms of being beneficial to or an obstacle for therapy. From this follow the relatively objective elements for supervision, in particular the qualification of group trainers within a uniform model of therapy and settings. PMID- 6528006 TI - [Prognosis of treatment success in directed dynamic group psychotherapy]. AB - The present study researches different new clinical-psychological statements for the pradiction of therapy-succes in dynamic Group Psychotherapy. In this study it is represented, that the personal variables in relation to neurose, complaint pressure, motivation for therapy and IQ do not differ between patients with and without succes in therapy. Characteristical differences were in special variables in intelligence. In further results was show, that patients with and without therapy-succes differ significantly to the beginning of therapy in their cognitiv information processing and here is to search to differential criterion for indication in dynamic Group Psychotherapy. PMID- 6528007 TI - [Genesis and therapy of postpartum carpal tunnel syndrome]. AB - In a young woman a strong carpal-tunnel-syndrome was observed after everey of her three deliveries, apparently at the termination of the lactation. Pain and tingling in the arms and hands was very good to be influenced by diuretics. It has be concluded from these facts, that this type of carpal-tunnel-syndrome is to trace back to a temporary generalized oedema, probable caused by the hypothalamical oxytocin-producing centre. PMID- 6528008 TI - [Electrophoresis of unconcentrated cerebrospinal fluid on cellulose acetate film]. PMID- 6528009 TI - Contribution to the theoretical problems of classification in the observational sciences. AB - The procedures of classification employed in the observational sciences, particularly in psychiatry, are situated with respect to two others: those which are utilized by the cognitive instrument and those of the logician. The problems posed in the observational sciences arise from the necessity of rendering explicit procedures which are used in situations inevitably presenting a certain degree of incertitude. A stochastic model of the patient-as-seen-by-the-observer is proposed. It is emphasized the prognostic assessment may be carried out without relying on any classification whatever, by means of an equation of multiple regression making use of symptoms as predictors. One then offers to explain why psychiatry strives to categorize symptoms and patients. Two problems are examined in the light of this discussion. The first one is whether it is better to work out a unique system of classification or to favor a plurality of such systems. In light of the preceding discussion, the latter alternative is to be preferred, whereby the notion of 'natural classification' is rejected. The second one has to do with the factors creating incertitude in the observer using a given system of classification. PMID- 6528010 TI - The evolution of some European diagnostic concepts relevant to the category of schizoaffective psychoses. AB - The evolution of the German-Scandinavian concept of cycloid psychosis and of the French concept of 'bouffee delirante' is analyzed. It is stressed that they probably correspond to the same clinical entity, not overlapping with any of the American nosological categories, although sharing a number of features with the original Kasanin's picture of schizoaffective psychosis. Moreover, a survey is given of the evidence supporting the construct and predictive validity of the concept of cycloid psychosis. PMID- 6528011 TI - Symptom change over time among Hmong refugees: psychiatric patients versus nonpatients. AB - Most Hmong refugees in Minnesota were assessed in September, 1977, using two self rating scales (Zung Scale for Depression and 90-item Symptom Checklist). The same group was restudied two years later. During 12 months of 1977-78, psychiatric services were offered to this population. Those seeking psychiatric care were compared with those who did not. These data indicate that the patients reported considerably more symptoms than nonpatients in 1977 prior to receiving care. The patients showed more improvement than the nonpatients between 1977 and 1979. PMID- 6528012 TI - Personality traits in former depressed patients and in healthy subjects without past history of depression. AB - 208 patients (81 male and 127 female) in the age range 21-67 years completed a Swedish personality inventory (Karolinska Sjukhusets Personlighetsinventorium; KSP) aimed at measuring stable personality traits after recovering from the depressive syndrome. Diagnostically, the series comprised 62 unipolars, 31 bipolars, 58 neurotic-reactive depressives, and 57 patients with an 'unspecified' depressive disorder, i.e., those patients who did not meet the criteria for inclusion in any of the aforementioned groups. As a contrast group, a series of 75 mentally healthy individuals (27 men and 48 women with a mean age of 39.5 +/- 12.1 years) without any past history of depression was also investigated. The former patients scored differently from the healthy controls in almost all the personality variables covered by the KSP, with the exception of the variable 'social desirability', on which all groups scored alike. A factor analysis of the results yielded three principal factors: factor 1 covering such variables which reflect anxiety proneness, psychasthenia, suspicion, and guilt; factor 2 (bipolar) covering different aspects of aggression; and factor 3 comprising the variables 'impulsiveness' and 'monotony avoidance'. From the present study it is concluded that although inter-group differences do occur, the main characteristics of the personality of the depression-prone individual seem to be anxiety, psychasthenia (covering such traits as orderly, conscientious, bound to routine), suspicion, and guilt. Such characteristics are shared by all diagnostic subgroups. Depression-prone individuals also show a higher level of inhibited aggression and a lower level of manifest aggression than healthy controls.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6528013 TI - [Alloalbuminemia. Description of a case]. AB - The authors describe an albumin variant of a very slow type, founded in a family in Arco (Trento, Italy) living, that about the characters correspond with variant VR/VR (type B) of the classification of CISMEL. It is denominated TN/TN in conformity with standards of classification of the same CISMEL, and it is the first case reported in literature in our Province. PMID- 6528014 TI - [Plasma cell acid phosphatase in the differential diagnosis of monoclonal gammopathies]. AB - Acid phosphatase activity was studied cytochemically in bone marrow plasma cells of 32 multiple myelomas, 45 non-myelomatous monoclonal gammopathies and 20 normal subjects. We have found significant differences among these three groups (P less than 0.001). The usefulness of this cytochemical reaction for the study of monoclonal gammopathies is discussed. PMID- 6528015 TI - [Rapid determination of total blood proteins and serum albumin using automatic instrumentation]. AB - We describe the automation of serum total protein and albumin determination on two analyzers. Classical biuret and bromcresol green reactions have been slightly modified to meet the performance characteristics of the two analyzers (Multistat and Theia), in order to achieve and elevated productivity. PMID- 6528016 TI - [Immunoglobulins (G, A, M) in umbilical cord blood: determination using laser nephelometry]. AB - The authors measured IgG, IgA and IgM concentrations in cord-blood of 400 samples, divided in 200 males and 200 females, by laser-nephelometric technique. They believe that Ig-test is a valuable method for phoetal and/or neonatal infections screening and suggest new ranges, divided by sex. PMID- 6528017 TI - [Evaluation of pressure and mechanical effects on the aggregation of human platelets induced by adenosine diphosphate in a system simulating a dialysis circuit]. AB - Blood samples in sodium citrate 3.8% (ratio 1:10) of 15 healthy people were subjected to the pressure of 0, 50, 150 mm Hg respectively in a circuit operated by a peristaltic pump as during dialysis. The platelet aggregation induced by adenosine diphosphate (ADP) was determined in all cases. We found a significant reduction of the maximum percent aggregation of the samples exposed to the pressure of 150 mm Hg. We then suppose that a positive correlation exists between high pressure in the dialytic circuit and platelet damage. PMID- 6528020 TI - [Clinical studies on the prognosis of malignant soft tissue tumors based on the WHO classification]. PMID- 6528019 TI - [Results of interdisciplinary collaboration in the treatment of lymphogranulomatosis from the radiotherapeutic point of view]. PMID- 6528018 TI - [Cervicovaginal cytology in women wearing intrauterine devices]. AB - Cervical and vaginal smears in 300 women using (a) intrauterine devices (IUD) and in 300 age matched control subjects (b), have been examined. In women using IUD, endometrial cells have been observed also in the second half of menstrual cycle, conversely these cells are present in women belonging to the control group, just in the first half of the cycle. Pattern of cervico-vaginitis due to Chlamydiae, Actinomyces and Eubacteria have been observed in higher percentage in women IUD wearers 58% of (a) group and 19.3% of (b) group (P less than 0.005). These patterns have often been characterized by the presence of repair cells. Implications in the evaluation of vaginal smears are discussed. PMID- 6528021 TI - [Results of telecobalt radiotherapy of esophageal carcinoma]. PMID- 6528022 TI - [Irradiation of esophageal carcinoma with small single doses]. PMID- 6528023 TI - [Pointers on quality assurance in radiotherapy from the physician's point of view]. PMID- 6528024 TI - [Radiation planning requirements using computed tomography]. PMID- 6528025 TI - [Quality assurance in dosage calculations with computers]. PMID- 6528027 TI - [Radiotherapy of Dupuytren's contracture]. PMID- 6528026 TI - [Radiotherapy Center at the Cottbus District Hospital]. PMID- 6528030 TI - Sex differences in the brain: the relation between structure and function. Proceedings of the 13th International School of Brain Research. Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 22-26 August 1983. PMID- 6528029 TI - [Effect of low-intensity laser radiation on the kinetics of cell proliferation in Ehrlich ascites tumor]. PMID- 6528028 TI - [Microspectrophotometric study of the DNA content of cervix carcinoma cell nuclei before and after radiotherapy]. PMID- 6528031 TI - Androgens and gender role behaviour in girls with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH). PMID- 6528032 TI - Sex differences in visual half-field superiority as a function of responding hand and motor demands. PMID- 6528033 TI - [Incidence of syphilis and gonorrhea in Poland over the past 5 years (1979 1983)]. PMID- 6528034 TI - [Skin changes in lambliasis. Preliminary report]. PMID- 6528036 TI - [Association of gonorrhea with Chlamydia and Mycoplasmataceae infections and their effect on the development of post-gonorrheal urethritis]. PMID- 6528035 TI - [The quantitative dinitrochlorobenzene hypersensitivity test in acquired syphilis]. PMID- 6528037 TI - [Clinical aspects of Chlamydia urethritis in men and the role of Ureaplasma]. PMID- 6528038 TI - [Role of health education in the control of syphilis and gonorrhea in Poland 1970 1984]. PMID- 6528039 TI - [HBeAg and anti-HBe in asymptomatic carriers of HBsAg and in various forms of hepatitis and liver cirrhosis]. PMID- 6528040 TI - [Leukocyte adherence in viral hepatitis type A and B with different degrees of clinical intensity]. PMID- 6528042 TI - [Characteristics of Salmonella strains in turtles in Poland and their production of enterotoxins. I. Characteristics of Salmonella strains isolated from turtles]. PMID- 6528043 TI - [Epidemiology of lambliasis. III. Lambliasis among personnel of pediatric hospital departments]. PMID- 6528041 TI - [Blood proteins in ornithosis]. PMID- 6528044 TI - [Subjective evaluation of health status and opinions with regard to harmful environmental factors of the population of Plock]. PMID- 6528045 TI - [Analysis of mortality in Plock 1981-1982]. PMID- 6528046 TI - [Error in the measurement of changes in pulmonary ventilation (FEV1) in prospective studies]. PMID- 6528047 TI - [Epidemic focus of trichinosis in Ilza, Radom province]. PMID- 6528050 TI - Public health aspects of influenza. PMID- 6528048 TI - [Accidental food poisoning with porcine adrenal glands]. PMID- 6528051 TI - [A physician's duties--an introduction to a discussion]. PMID- 6528049 TI - [Case of gamma globulin plasmacytoma with atypical course]. PMID- 6528052 TI - [Use of precipitation methods of separating lipoprotein fractions for the diagnosis and differentiation of hyperlipoproteinemia types II and IV]. PMID- 6528053 TI - [Study of central hemodynamics by the method of tetrapolar thoracic rheography in healthy persons]. PMID- 6528054 TI - [Parameters of left-ventricular function in patients with acute myocardial infarction during early kinesitherapy]. PMID- 6528055 TI - [Effect of magnetic fields on the hematopoietic system]. PMID- 6528056 TI - Total abdominal irradiation for cancer of the colon. AB - A retrospective analysis of 55 patients treated with whole abdominal irradiation following surgical excision for cancer of the colon is presented. Three groups of patients were given whole abdominal irradiation, eight with gross residual tumor following surgery, 17 with peritoneal seeding, and 30 who had complete surgical excision of the tumor but were felt to be at high risk for relapse. Only one of the eight patients with gross residual tumor, and one of the 17 with peritoneal metastases, are currently alive and well, with the majority dying from local or peritoneal metastases. The 5 year actuarial survival for the 30 patients irradiated following complete surgical excision is 55%. The treatment was well tolerated and few complications were observed. It is concluded that whole abdominal irradiation is ineffective for the treatment of colon cancer if peritoneal metastases are present, or if gross residual tumor is left behind following surgery. A randomized controlled clinical trial is being organized to test whether total abdominal irradiation is of benefit in terms of survival in high risk colon cancer patients following complete surgical removal. PMID- 6528057 TI - The paradoxes in patterns and mechanism of bone marrow regeneration after irradiation. 1. Different volumes and doses. AB - Bone marrow regeneration (BMR) following irradiation has been largely studied as a dose-effect phenomenon, however, a large literature has simultaneously developed utilizing a wide variety of volumes, both in clinical studies and in experimental studies. In human situations radiation treatment fields and the amount of bone marrow organ exposed have ranged from total body irradiation (small daily and total doses) to large field (half-body) single high doses encompassing 50% of the bone marrow, to segmental or localized field (50-25%). Volume factors, more than dose, determine patterns of suppression and regeneration which have been documented by a variety of assay systems. Experimental evidence is presented which indicates that high dose irradiation (500-1000 cGy) to large volumes of bone marrow (50%) does not completely suppress bone marrow regeneration but results in a rapid compensatory response. The nadir response of bone marrow CFUc-GM stem cell compartment was directly proportional to increasing doses of irradiation (200-2000 cGy) delivered to a single limb. Immediate depression of CFUc-GM was followed by an increase proliferative phase with the most notable difference observed in doses less than or greater than 1000 rad. Following doses of 500 and 1000 rad to large field (half-body), an immediate depression was again observed followed by an immediate and greater compensatory response particularly after the 1000 rad dose. Comparisons ae made between the small and larger volumes at similar doses and indicate a greater overall compensatory response after the larger field irradiation, being more rapid in onset particularly after the 1000 rad dose. Although in-field regeneration of bone marrow occurs after single dose radiation to different volumes of bone marrow, experimental and clinical evidence from protracted conventional doses of irradiation to different volumes of bone marrow (greater or less than 50%) indicate significantly different response mechanisms. From our laboratory and clinical investigations it can be determined that bone marrow is extremely sensitive to radiation insult and has different compensatory mechanisms to "fine tune" its response in proportion to the volume insulted. PMID- 6528058 TI - Large bowel stenosis in rats after fractionated local irradiation. AB - After local irradiation of the distal large bowel rats may develop fatal large bowel stenosis within 200 days. The incidence rises steeply with dose. The LD50 for single dose irradiation is 20 Gy. The tolerance of the large bowel to local irradiation depends strongly on dose fractionation. Extending the intervals between the fractions and decreasing the dose per fraction both have a pronounced dose-sparing effect. PMID- 6528059 TI - Characterisation of Met-enkephalin(Arg6,Phe7) immunoreactivity in human adrenal and human phaeochromocytoma. AB - The molecular forms of opioid peptides in human adrenal have not been well characterised. These peptides are predominantly derived from the proenkephalin A precursor, which has the sequence of Met-enkephalin(Arg6,Phe7) as its carboxyl terminus. We have looked in the present study at the subcellular distribution and the molecular form of immunoreactivity to this sequence in post-mortem human adrenal medulla and in phaeochromocytoma. In the human adrenal homogenates, the immunoreactivity distributes on a sucrose gradient in a manner consistent with localisation in chromaffin granules. On chromatography, the immunoreactivity from adrenal medulla is predominantly in the heptapeptide form; the intermediate (3000 4000) molecular weight material is only a minor component of immunoreactivity, in contrast to bovine tissue extracts where this is the major form of immunoreactivity. In the phaeochromocytoma extracts, the heptapeptide sequence again predominates over a minor amount of intermediate sized material. The results are discussed in terms of post-mortem changes, precursor processing and the function of the adrenal medulla. PMID- 6528060 TI - [Low level alpha activity measurements with pulse shape discrimination--the analytical system and its characteristics]. AB - Pulse shape discrimination of alpha and beta rays with liquid scintillation counting was investigated for the purpose of low level alpha activity measurements. Various liquid scintillators for pulse shape discrimination were examined by means of pulse rise time analysis. A new scintillator of low cost and of superior characteristics was found. The figure of merits better than 3.5 in rise time spectrum and the energy resolution better than 9% were obtained for carefully prepared samples. The background counting rate for a sample of 10 ml was reduced to 0.013 cpm/MeV in the range of alpha ray energy 5 to 7 MeV. PMID- 6528061 TI - [Low level alpha activity measurements with pulse shape discrimination- application to the determination of alpha-nuclides in environmental samples]. AB - Liquid scintillation counting of alpha rays with pulse shape discrimination was applied to the analysis of 226Ra and 239+240Pu in environmental samples and of alpha-emitters in/on a filter paper. The instrument used in this study was either a specially designed detector or a commercial liquid scintillation counter with an automatic sample changer, both of which were connected to the pulse shape discrimination circuit. The background counting rate in alpha energy region of 5 7 MeV was 0.01 or 0.04 cpm/MeV, respectively. The figure of merit indicating the resolving power for alpha- and beta-particles in time spectrum was found to be 5.7 for the commercial liquid scintillation counter. PMID- 6528062 TI - [Dosimetric application of lyoluminescence using some saccharides]. AB - A measurement system for lyoluminescence has been constructed using a photon counting apparatus equipped with a highly sensitive photomultiplier and a microcomputer for a data acquisition and processing. For the lyoluminescent dosimetry, seven saccharide samples, including five monosaccharides (glucose, mannose, galactose, levulose and ribose) and two disaccharides (sucrose and trehalose), were irradiated with 60Co gamma rays. Effects on lyoluminescence were examined of the amounts of the sample, concentration of luminol phosphor in an aqueous solution, elapsed time after mixing the samples in the solution, variations of absorbed doses, annealing treatments and different radiation fields. The results revealed that relatively small amounts of sample, say 3 mg, is sufficient for reproducible routine analyses by using 125 mg luminol/l for 10 s data accumulation, and that the lyoluminescent dosimetry is useful for the significantly high dose regions of 1Gy-10kGy (the use of galactose and trehalose can extend the dose-region to higher levels). The comparison of sensitivity for samples with the same dose (215 Gy) showed the great luminescent changes over one order of magnitude between the highest value for galactose and lowest one for ribose, although there is no substantial difference in the structure. No meaningful radiation-quality effect was observed for monosaccharides irradiated with gamma-rays, X-rays, and neutrons. PMID- 6528063 TI - Removal of dissolved 85Kr by vacuum degassing method. AB - In the irradiation apparatus where unsealed 85Kr gas is used as an internal radiation source for liquid-phase chemical reaction, the 85Kr gas dissolved in a liquid reactant must be removed after irradiation. Experiments on removal of dissolved 85Kr by the vacuum degassing method were carried out to examine the influence of degassing temperature, initial 85Kr concentration and stirring of a solution on the removal. The liquid reactant used was a water of 500 ml in which 85Kr gas was dissolved. The removal effect became greater with increasing temperature. The dissolved 85Kr concentration after removal decreased exponentially with the reciprocal of degassing temperature. Further, the removal effect was intensely affected by stirring of the solution and was independent of the initial 85Kr concentration. The removal factor of dissolved 85Kr at 33 degrees C reached 5 X 10(3) after a 30 minute lapse. PMID- 6528064 TI - [Regional cerebral blood flow analysis by 133Xe intraarterial injection method. A comparison with cerebral infarction and cerebrovascular dementia]. AB - Nine cases of cerebral infarction (cerebrovascular dementia 4 cases, hemiparesis 4, aphasia 1) were investigated by intraarterial 133Xe injection. Eight of the cases were male and one was female. Ages ranged from 38 to 72, with a mean age of 57.6 years. Two criteria were necessary for a diagnosis of cerebrovascular dementia: the presence of cerebrovascular disease and a score of less than 20 on Hasegawa's dementia scale. Cases of cerebrovascular dementia tended to have a lower mean cerebral blood flow (CBF) value on the white matter by two compartmental analysis. Two of the five brain areas showed statistically significant differences. These results support the modern theory that cerebrovascular dementia appears as a result of a disturbance of the white matter. Cases of cerebrovascular dementia showed a lower mean CBF value with a coefficient of variance of regional distribution by height over area method. This showed that CBF values in cerebrovascular dementia were generally low and the range of values were narrow. In a comparison of regional CBF and cerebral angiographical findings, cases of cerebrovascular dementia tended to have a lower mean CBF value in proportion to the severity of angiographical findings. In addition, regional CBF showed a tendency to agree closely with angiographical findings. PMID- 6528065 TI - A radiation detector fabricated from silicon photodiode. AB - A silicon photodiode is converted to a low energy charged particle radiation detector. The window thickness of the fabricated detector is evaluated to be 50 micrograms/cm2. The area of the depletion region is 13.2 mm2 and the depth of it is estimated to be about 100 microns. The energy resolution (FWHM) is 14.5 ke V for alpha-particles from 241Am and 2.5 ke V for conversion electrons from 109Cd, respectively. PMID- 6528066 TI - [Pressure control of a pressurized proportional counter for 4 pi beta-gamma coincidence counting--effects of pressure variation and study of a non-flow type system]. AB - Effects of the pressure variation of counting gas on the efficiency function were examined using a 4 pi beta-gamma coincidence counting system with a pressurized proportional counter. The results showed that the pressure variation of about ten kPa could not give large effects on the efficiency function and that a non-flow type of pressurized proportional counter with a simple gas control system could work well in the case of the pressure higher than 1 MPa, an ordinary pressure for the counting. PMID- 6528067 TI - [Fundamental and clinical evaluation of a magnetic T3 radioimmunoassay kit]. PMID- 6528068 TI - [Fundamental studies of GammaDab TSH (new) kit]. PMID- 6528069 TI - [Fundamental and clinical evaluation of a magnetic ferritin kit]. PMID- 6528070 TI - [Effect of solid phase radioimmunoassay-bead method to detect hepatitis B surface antigen]. PMID- 6528071 TI - [Diagnostic imaging by radioisotopes. Basic technology (III). Radioisotope imaging by a gamma camera]. PMID- 6528072 TI - Urban noise--monitoring and control. AB - Monitoring and control of noise is seen as a major activity of industrialised countries. Large proportions of the population of some countries are exposed to levels which are considered unsatisfactory, yet the prognosis is not good in the forseeable future. Monitoring strategy is examined in terms of prediction methods, selection of indices, instrumentation and standards and developments in the assessment of the major sources of urban noise are also discussed. Noise control is reviewed from the point of view of moves to harmonise legislation by international organisations and goes on to consider the role which educational programmes may play in reducing noise levels. PMID- 6528073 TI - The effects of grain dust on health. PMID- 6528074 TI - [Considerations on neonatal epileptic encephalopathies apropos of a personal case]. AB - Studies were done on a newborn with tonic status seizures beginning at 15 days old to his death at 3 months of age. The clinical features were: (1) important psychomotor retardation; (2) tonic seizures consisting of flexion or extension of the upper limbs and head, ocular revulsion, facial cyanosis and respiration troubles. The seizure mean duration was from 4 to 6 sec. The seizures appeared sometimes isolated, sometimes in bursts with an increasing frequency but not related to the nycthemeral cycle. In the EEG there appears a 'burst-suppression' pattern which persists continuously whether the patient was asleep or awake. The clinical and electroencephalographic findings suggest Ohtahara's syndrome. Some considerations are made about the clinical, electroencephalographic and aetiologic findings of the several epileptic encephalopathies with suppression bursts in the newborn. PMID- 6528075 TI - [Treatment of certain forms of status epilepticus by means of a single oral dose of clobazam]. AB - The authors administered clobazam (CLB) to treat status epilepticus in 16 patients from 3 to 62 years old. Status epilepticus was of absence type (6 cases), myoclonic-absence type (1 case), myoclonic type (1 case), tonic (1 case) and elementary or complex partial (7 cases). In all patients consciousness was sufficiently retained to allow ingestion of the drug. CLB administration was performed under EEG monitoring, in a single oral dose averaging 1.0 mg/kg. In 15 patients, the status was stopped after a period ranging from 19 to 31 min without significant sedation or other side effects. In one patient a somatomotor status epilepticus, lasting 8 days, terminated 6 h after drug administration. It is well known that the efficacy of a drug on status epilepticus depends on the clinical context and semiological form of the status. Nevertheless, the authors conclude that the pharmacokinetic properties of CLB, its mild sedative effects and ease of administration, make this a useful drug in the management of some forms of status epilepticus. PMID- 6528077 TI - [Prognostic value of EEG abnormalities observed during sleep in epilepsy with rolandic spikes (RSE)]. AB - The aim of this study is the quantitative analysis of the interictal discharges during nocturnal sleep in 6 children with rolandic spikes on the awake EEG, before and during treatment. During treatment, whatever it may be, these interictal discharges (diffuse spike and wave complexes and rolandic spikes) have no prognostic value and only the generalized paroxysmal ones, which are observed solely in sleep, decrease. Moreover, if the number of spikes of a slow irritative focus secondary to an organic cerebral lesion keeps steady during wakefulness and all sleep stages, the number of rolandic spikes is modulated by the type of sleep (REM or NREM). This modulation may be in favour of the benignity of this childhood epilepsy. Finally, in spite of the great number of interictal discharges during the whole night, sleep organization is not disturbed and only the advent of an epileptic seizure can interfere with sleep rhythms, depleting the REM phase. PMID- 6528076 TI - [Absence status with unilateral EEG predominance (apropos of a personal case report)]. AB - The authors describe a 33-year-old woman who, from the age of 15 years, presented many generalized epileptic seizures per year starting with right-sided adversion or gyration, several times per month long absences and occasional absence status lasting up to 3 days. In this patient, the hyperpnoea provoked a clinically typical absence status with 3 c/sec rhythmic continuous spike-and-wave discharges which were more evident on the left frontal regions of the scalp. This electro clinical picture is compared to similar cases described in the literature and its nosological specificity is discussed. PMID- 6528078 TI - [Role of the hippocampus, amygdala and the substantia nigra in the evolution of status epilepticus induced by systemic injection of kainic acid in the rat]. AB - The effects of bilateral microinjection of gamma-vinyl GABA (GVG, an irreversible inhibitor of GABA-T) were tested during the development of seizures induced by i.p. administration of 10 mg/kg of kainic acid. Intrahippocampal injection of GVG prevents the development of the seizures at an early stage in about half of the cases. In the remaining animals status epilepticus comparable to that of controls develops. Intra-amygdaloid injection reduces the severity of the seizures from the first motor limbic signs. Finally, intranigral injection prevents the appearance of convulsive status epilepticus or, when it develops, reduces its duration. The role that these three structures could play in the electro-clinical development of kainic acid-induced seizures is discussed. PMID- 6528079 TI - Usefulness of parenteral kainic acid as a model of temporal lobe epilepsy. AB - Systemic injections of kainic acid (KA) in adult rats rapidly induce sustained motor seizures preferentially involving the limbic structures and culminating in status epilepticus. The hippocampal formation and amygdala seem to occupy a central position for the onset of paroxysmal discharge and for the manifestation of limbic signs respectively. With long survival periods, the animals spontaneously display limbic motor seizures and a second administration of KA produces more severe effects. The brain damage, found in several limbic structures subsequent to KA-induced seizures, is reminiscent of that seen in human epileptics, and electrographical and metabolic studies (using the 2 deoxyglucose method) reveal that it follows increased neuronal and metabolic activation. The crucial role of the mossy fiber system in the particular vulnerability to KA of the CA3 neurons of Ammon's horn is also suggested by a study of the maturation of the KA-induced seizure and brain damage syndrome. PMID- 6528080 TI - [Hepatic evaluation in malignant lymphoma. Clinico-pathological correlation in 125 cases]. PMID- 6528081 TI - [Anemia of cancer. Physiopathology of hematomorphological and hematochemical characteristics]. PMID- 6528082 TI - [The controversy reported between cholesterolemia and cancer of the large intestine. Some explanatory hypotheses]. PMID- 6528083 TI - [Hypothalamic phospholipid liposomes. A drug for the treatment of anxiety depressive syndromes in internal medicine]. PMID- 6528085 TI - Adjuvant chemotherapy of breast cancer. PMID- 6528084 TI - [Polyunsaturated fatty acids and cancer]. PMID- 6528086 TI - The preclinical scientific basis for adjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer. PMID- 6528087 TI - FAC + BCG as adjuvant therapy in breast cancer: an 8-year update. PMID- 6528088 TI - Molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying ineffective cancer chemotherapy. PMID- 6528089 TI - Impact of early detection of breast cancer on adjuvant chemotherapy. PMID- 6528091 TI - Review: scientific basis of adjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer. PMID- 6528090 TI - Contribution of prognostic factors to adjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer. PMID- 6528092 TI - Adjuvant chemoimmunotherapy with LMF + BCG in node-negative and node-positive breast cancer: 8 year results. PMID- 6528094 TI - [Capacitance pneumograph]. PMID- 6528093 TI - [Surgical aspect of the treatment of "high risk" cardiac valvular diseases]. PMID- 6528095 TI - [Effects of exercise and the QT interval]. PMID- 6528096 TI - [Assessment of the aortic root echogram from the view-point of momenta of the blood ejected from the left ventricle--estimation of stroke volume changes from the aortic root echogram]. PMID- 6528097 TI - [The clinical value and limitation of exercise electrocardiography and exercise thallium-201 myocardial scintigraphy in the diagnosis of coronary artery disease, with special reference to single vessel disease]. PMID- 6528098 TI - [A new parameter for congestive heart failure with AMI (acute myocardial infarction)--COP-PCW (colloid osmotic pressure-pulmonary capillary wedge pressure)]. PMID- 6528099 TI - [Clinical application of radionuclide cardiac study to the right heart diseases]. PMID- 6528100 TI - [Ortner's syndrome associated with primary pulmonary hypertension]. PMID- 6528101 TI - [A case of re-expansion pulmonary edema with increased pulmonary capillary permeability]. PMID- 6528102 TI - Scaling respiratory pattern and respiratory 'drive'. AB - We tested three predictions regarding the relationship between body size and respiratory 'drive' and timing in mammals. Mechanical considerations had led to the prediction that TE/TTOT and probably TI/TTOT would be interspecific constants. In eleven species of mammals, ranging in size from 0.033 kg to 520 kg, TE/TTOT during awake quiet breathing was an interspecific constant with a value of 0.65 (+/- 0.004); TI/TTOT was 0.345 (+/- 0.004). Given that VT is directly proportional to BW1.0 (Stahl, 1967), if TE and TI are directly proportional to BW0.28 (Bennett and Tenney, 1982), and if VT/TI is an index of respiratory 'drive', then 'drive' should be directly proportional to BW0.72, following the same proportionality with body size as does basal metabolic rate (VO2). Data for the same eleven species gave the relationship VT/TI BW0.74. Testing further the notion that 'drive', on a weight specific basis, is proportional to BW-0.26, we studied the response, % delta VI, in eleven species to approximately 12% inspired O2. This 'output' of the system in response to a hypoxic stimulus was found to scale with BW-0.27. The question whether this reflects a higher set 'gain' of the respiratory controller of smaller animals and/or some feature of the innervation, or intrinsic properties of the respiratory muscles that varies with body size is discussed. PMID- 6528103 TI - Developmental changes in ventilation and breathing pattern in unanesthetized kittens. AB - Ventilation and the breathing pattern of 12 intact, unanesthetized, unrestrained kittens, were recorded at intervals from the second postnatal day to the end of the eighth month. Five of the animals were also studied at 12 months of age. Ventilation (VE) became stable by the 5th month, whereas body weight was still increasing. The relationship between tidal volume (VT) and breathing rate (BR) changed with age. During the 1st month, BR fell and VT increased, VE increasing slowly. From 1 to 5 months, BR remained nearly constant while VT increased. Finally, from 5 to 12 months, BR decreased slightly, VT increased slightly, and VE did not change. The results are compared with relevant data from the literature, especially those derived from interspecific analyses. PMID- 6528104 TI - Assessment of human diaphragm strength and activation using phrenic nerve stimulation. AB - The phrenic nerves were stimulated bilaterally in human subjects with supermaximal shocks and the transdiaphragmatic pressure (Pdi) twitches recorded at end-expiratory lung volume with glottis closed. Stimulus maximality was monitored by the evoked muscle potentials. The highly reproducible twitch amplitudes elicited from the relaxed diaphragm were greater with bound (48 +/- 13 cm H2O) than unbound (34.6 +/- 10 cm H2O) abdomen in sitting position. With bound abdomen, the twitch amplitudes were similar in sitting and supine positions. When the same stimuli were applied during voluntary contractions the superimposed twitch amplitude declined almost linearly with the voluntary Pdi exerted, reflecting a progressively increasing activation by the CNS. From this relationship both the maximal Pdi (Pdimax) and the relative degree of diaphragm activation (% Pdimax) can be estimated for any type of breathing effort. Generally no twitch could be detected during maximal efforts (Pdimax: 218 +/- 34 cm H2O) indicating that all stimulated motor units were already fully activated. The Pditwitch/Pdimax ratio of 0.21 +/- 0.04 was similar to the twitch/tetanus ratios of isolated mammalian muscle, suggesting that bilateral stimulation can activate all phrenic motor neurons. PMID- 6528105 TI - The effect of lung volume on regional gas transport during high frequency oscillations. AB - Boluses of 133Xenon entrained in oscillating flow during high frequency oscillation (HFO) were used to study the effects of lung volume on the distribution of gas to topographical lung regions. The distribution of the tracer was measured with scintillation detectors positioned 5, 15 and 25 cm below each lung apex of subjects seated in a plethysmograph, while they maintained a patent glottis and constant breathhold. An index of HFO gas transport was obtained by measuring the 'wash-in' time for Xenon count rates to attain 0.25-0.75 of their final magnitude within each region. The distribution of gas was determined at 5 Hz with similar oscillatory volumes at FRC + 1 L, FRC, FRC - 1 L, and RV. Above FRC wash-in times were similar from apex to base. From FRC to RV, wash-in times at the bases became progressively longer. The results indicate that the regional distribution of HFO gas transport is dependent on lung volume. PMID- 6528106 TI - Human vocal cord movements during voluntary hyperventilation. AB - Using a fiberoptic laryngoscope and video equipment, we studied the respiratory movements of the vocal cords during sustained hyperventilation in 4 normal human subjects. The expiratory narrowing of the glottic airway that occurs in quiet breathing was attenuated during hyperventilation in 7 of 8 experiments, and the pattern of vocal cord movements throughout the breathing cycle closely resembled the patterns previously found in exercise and hypercapnia. These responses were similar during normocapnic and hypocapnic hyperventilation. The similarity of laryngeal movements in voluntary and involuntary hyperpneic states suggests that common brain stem mechanisms may be entrained by both 'behavioral' and 'automatic' ventilatory control systems. PMID- 6528107 TI - Biogenic amine turnover in newborn and adult rabbit brainstem nuclei after pargyline administration. AB - Following the administration of the monoamine oxidase inhibitor, pargyline, turnover rates of the biogenic amines norepinephrine (NE), dopamine (DA) and serotonin (5HT) were determined in discrete brainstem nuclei: substantia nigra (SN-A9), dorsal raphe (dr), nucleus gigantocellularis (rgi), locus coeruleus (LC A6), nucleus ambiguus (n amb) and nucleus tractus solitarius (nts) of young and adult rabbits. The initial concentration of the amines varied markedly among the various nuclei studied, with higher values predominating in the older animals. The turnover rates for NE and DA in the rgi and LC were lower in young animals. The turnover rates for DA in the dr and nts were greater in the young animals. In addition, young rabbits had higher turnover rates for 5HT in the nts. The average turnover times for NE and 5HT were longer for the young animals (17.5 h vs 4.1 h) and (8.3 h vs 3.5 h) respectively. These data point to maturational differences in neurochemistry which may aid in elucidating possible mechanisms of respiratory instability in newborns. PMID- 6528108 TI - Differentiation of two respiratory areas in the cat medulla using kainic acid. AB - Kainic acid (KA) was used to destroy neuronal perikarya in different areas of the brainstem. Single KA microinjections were performed in 30 anaesthetized, vagotomized, artificially ventilated cats. Consequences were studied on the phrenic nerve activity (PNA) and blood pressure. We observed changes of the PNA unrelated to blood pressure alteration. Destruction of the dorsal respiratory area (DRA) including the nucleus tractus solitarius at the obex level produced a 40% decrease of the PNA frequency. Destruction restricted to the lateral part of the ventral respiratory area (VRA1) including the ambiguus nucleus induced a 60% decrease of the integrated PNA amplitude followed by a 40% increase of PNA frequency. These latter effects were also observed after destruction inside the infra solitary reticular formation (ISRF). No effect was observed after destruction in other brain structures. We concluded that ISRF and VRA1 form a single ventral bulbar respiratory area. This area controls respiration in a way different from that of the dorsal respiratory area (DRA). PMID- 6528109 TI - Induced low P50 in anesthetized rats: blood gas, circulatory and metabolic adjustments. AB - In anesthetized, normoxic or hypoxic rats the hemodynamic, metabolic and O2 transport characteristics following exchange transfusion with human erythrocytes containing a high O2 affinity hemoglobin (Hemoglobin Creteil, beta 89 Ser----Asp) have been studied. The in vivo oxygen partial pressure at 50% oxygen hemoglobin saturation (P50) decreased from 37.4 +/- 2.1 to 12.7 +/- 0.7 mm Hg; the arterial oxygen tension was reduced significantly from 109.9 +/- 7.7 to 87.3 +/- 12.0 mm Hg. There was a decrease in right ventricular partial pressure of oxygen (PvO2), (P less than 0.001), oxygen consumption (VO2), (P less than 0.001), arterio venous difference, (P less than 0.001), and peripheral vascular resistance index, (P less than 0.01). Exchange transfusion with normal rat blood (P50 = 37.2 +/- 2.4 mm Hg) or with 2,3-diphosphoglycerate-enriched human red blood cells (P50 = 34.7 +/- 2.2 mm Hg), did not modify these variables in normoxic rats. In hypoxia, the reduction in P50 was associated with a further decrease in PvO2 an increase in serum lactate concentration and a VO2 decrease. PMID- 6528110 TI - Stimulation of growth of the chick embryo by acute hyperoxia. AB - We have previously demonstrated that continuous incubation in elevated concentrations of ambient oxygen leads to accelerated growth of the chick embryo. We now report that a similar growth response is elicited by acute (72 h) exposure beginning on the 16th day of incubation. White Leghorn eggs were paired by initial weight and incubated in air for 15 days in forced-draft incubators. Embryos were sampled on days 11, 13 and 15 (experiments 1, 2, 3) or 13, 14 and 15 (experiment 4), freed of all extra-embryonic membranes and weighed. On day 16 the experimental group was switched to 60% O2. The control group was maintained in air. A portion of the remaining eggs from each group was opened on days 16, 17 and 18 (experiment 4), or alternatively all the remaining eggs were opened at the end of the 18th day of incubation (experiments 1, 2, 3). Linear regression analysis of growth curves obtained by plotting log wet embryo weight (g) vs log incubation age (d) showed a significantly greater rate of growth (slope) for days 15-18 in embryos exposed to 60% O2. These results support the hypothesis that growth of the chick embryo is normally limited by the availability of oxygen. PMID- 6528111 TI - Acid-base regulation during exercise and recovery in the blue crab, Callinectes sapidus. AB - During swimming activity Callinectes sapidus incurred a severe hemolymph acidosis due to elevated levels of PCO2 and lactate. Although hemolymph lactate concentration rose steadily during 1 h of exercise, hemolymph pH was maximally depressed within the first 15 min. A discrepancy between the quantities of lactate and H+ released from the tissues into the hemolymph is explained by a large apparent efflux of H+ into the ambient seawater, presumably via a branchial ion exchange process. Ammonia excretion increased 6 fold during exercise, but it is not clear if this contributed to the excretion of H+. The total quantity of H+ excreted into the environment during exercise and recovery far exceeded that which could be attributed to hemolymph lactic acid, indicating that some of the excreted H+ must have originated from other sources, such lactic acid which dissociated intracellularly, with the lactate anions remaining in the cells. Because lactate anions increase hemocyanin O2 affinity when unopposed by the Bohr shift, the excretion of a large portion of the metabolic H+ load, leaving lactate behind in the hemolymph, has important consequences for the regulation of O2 transport during swimming. PMID- 6528112 TI - Acid-base and ventilatory adaptation in conscious dogs during chronic hypercapnia. AB - Ventilation and cisternal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and arterial acid-base balance were measured in awake dogs during air control and from 1 h to 26 days of breathing 5% CO2 in air. Ventilation increased 4-fold during acute hypercapnia and then declined to a minimum at 5-10 days. Between 1-3 days and 16-26 days of hypercapnia ventilation was relatively stable at 2.5 times control. [HCO3-]CSF increased rapidly by 12 h of hypercapnia and in the steady-state [HCO3-]CSF was correlated with PCSFCO2. Between 1 h and 1.5 days of hypercapnia, increase in [HCO3-]CSF was also correlated with increase in [NH3]CSF. Despite increase in [HCO3-]CSF, there was no compensation of [H+]CSF throughout 26 days of hypercapnia. Hydrogen ion may have contributed to the control of ventilation during chronic hypercapnia since ventilation was correlated with [HCO3-]a and [HCO3-]CSF. However, a relationship between ventilation and [H+] of arterial blood and CSF during chronic hypercapnia was relatively poor or absent. Ventilatory adaptation to chronic hypercapnia could not be related to metabolism or to [NH3]CSF. The mechanism(s) by which the increase in PCO2 during chronic respiratory acidosis results in sustained elevation of ventilation remains to be resolved. PMID- 6528113 TI - Growth and body composition measured by anthropometry in healthy and diabetic children. PMID- 6528114 TI - [Prevalence and characteristics of rotavirus infection in children with gastroenteritis in the city of Puebla]. PMID- 6528115 TI - [Use of several diagnostic methods in the pre-operative evaluation of thyroid nodules]. PMID- 6528116 TI - [Percutaneous biopsy of the thyroid. Retrospective analysis of 100 cases]. PMID- 6528117 TI - [Enterocutaneous fistulas. Report of 30 cases]. PMID- 6528118 TI - [Fanconi's anemia. Response to low doses of anabolics and association with carcinoma of the esophagus]. PMID- 6528119 TI - [Identification of 2 distinct genes of thalassemia beta in a Mexican family]. PMID- 6528120 TI - [Knowledge of methodology of clinical research among a group of internal medicine residents]. PMID- 6528121 TI - [Oculogenital Chlamydia trachomatis infections in the city of Puebla]. PMID- 6528122 TI - Mediators in cell growth and differentiation. PMID- 6528123 TI - Intracytoplasmic signals for DNA replication in lymphocyte proliferation. AB - Cytoplasmic extracts prepared from continuously proliferating lymphoblastoid cells, as well as mitogen-activated normal lymphocytes, contain a protein or proteins (ADR) capable of inducing DNA synthesis in isolated quiescent nuclei. Lymphocytes obtained from aged donors with depressed proliferative responses have normal levels of ADR, but depressed nuclear responses to exogenous ADR, suggesting a nuclear defect in these cells. In no instance could an effect of ADR on intact cells be demonstrated. Moreover, it is not released into the extracellular milieu by cells that contain it. These observations suggest that it serves as an intracellular mitogenic signal in replicating cells. Thus, it may be an important intermediate in the pathway leading from cell membrane activation to nuclear activation. PMID- 6528124 TI - Comparison of different assays for multipotent hematopoietic stem cells. PMID- 6528125 TI - Cellular oncogenes, growth factors, and cellular growth control. AB - In this article we relate the functioning of oncogenes, particularly myc and ras, to current ideas regarding regulation of mammalian cell growth by growth factors. Assuming the genetic basis of transformation to be alterations of several proto oncogenes, the mechanisms by which transformation could diminish growth control are numerous. The oncogene could interact with a growth factor in several ways. Mutations could alter the quantity of an oncogene's product or its quality through primary structure or covalent modifications such as phosphorylations. Oncogenes could code for a receptor for a growth factor. Various alterations parallel to the above set could then affect growth factor function via receptor changes (including abolished requirement for the factor). Some oncogenes might operate during the chain of intracellular events that must follow growth stimulation. Introduction of such an oncogene (e.g., the coding region for a DNA virus T antigen) would bypass requirements for both growth factors and receptors. Various observations regarding the oncogenes, cell cycle-timed events, and growth factors have been presented in a way we hope will suggest experiments designed to provide a basis for understanding growth regulation at the genetic, biochemical, and cellular levels in normal cells and tumorigenic cells, which have deranged growth regulation. PMID- 6528126 TI - Endocrine and autocrine estromedins for mammary and pituitary tumor cells. PMID- 6528127 TI - Mechanisms initiating cellular proliferation. PMID- 6528128 TI - Chromosome condensation and decondensation factors in the life cycle of eukaryotic cells. AB - In this chapter, we have attempted to review our recent work pertaining to the regulation of the chromosome condensation-decondensation cycle within the life cycle of mammalian cells. The results summarized here strongly suggest that this sequence of events may be regulated by different protein factors. Mitotic factors injected into fully grown X. laevis oocytes induce meiotic maturation, i.e., GVBD and chromosome condensation. These factors, which accumulate slowly in the beginning of G2 and reach a threshold at the G2-mitosis transition, have a great affinity for chromatin and are localized on metaphase chromosomes, as well as in the cytoplasm. They are nondialyzable, heat- and Ca2+-sensitive, Mg2+-dependent nonhistone proteins with an approximate molecular mass of 100,000 Da. At the telophase of mitosis, the mitotic factors are rapidly inactivated by another set of factors, IMF. IMF are also nondialyzable nonhistone proteins, but unlike mitotic factors, are heat-stable. They are also stable over a broad pH range, but are extremely sensitive to low pH. IMF are activated at telophase and remain active throughout the G1 period, thus coinciding with the process of chromosome decondensation. Although evidence implicating IMF in the regulation of chromosome decondensation is still largely circumstantial, data summarized here nevertheless suggest a strong correlation between these two phenomena. The way in which mitotic factors and IMF might bring about the condensation-decondensation of chromosomes has not been established. Our studies on the role of protein phosphorylation and the use of monoclonal antibodies specific for mitotic cells have provided some evidence implicating nonhistone protein phosphorylation dephosphorylation in the regulation of mitosis. A causal link between these events is suggested, but remains to be established. Characterization of these factors will help us learn about their functions, as well as lead to a better understanding of the events regulating the chromosome condensation-decondensation cycle in eukaryotic cells. PMID- 6528129 TI - Proceedings of the Workshop on Evaluation of Therapy. September 1983. Bethesda, MD. PMID- 6528130 TI - The randomized clinical trial. PMID- 6528132 TI - Experience with historical control studies in cancer immunotherapy. PMID- 6528131 TI - The evaluation of therapies: historical control studies. PMID- 6528134 TI - The role of observational studies in the evaluation of therapy. PMID- 6528133 TI - Using a database of protocol studies to evaluate therapy: a breast cancer example. PMID- 6528135 TI - The patterns of care study in clinical radiation therapy--a retrospective assessment of quality of care. PMID- 6528136 TI - Why do we need some large, simple randomized trials? PMID- 6528137 TI - How much data should be collected in a clinical trial? Experience of the coronary drug project. PMID- 6528138 TI - Can early stopping procedures impact significantly on the efficiency of clinical trials without serious loss of information? PMID- 6528140 TI - [Viruses and cancer]. PMID- 6528139 TI - Improving the efficiency of clinical trials: a medical perspective. PMID- 6528141 TI - [Current data on mechanisms of intraleukocytic bactericide]. PMID- 6528142 TI - [Mycosis fungoides]. PMID- 6528143 TI - [Post-traumatic acute abdomen in children]. PMID- 6528144 TI - [Effects of antibiotics on phagocytosis by neutrophils]. PMID- 6528145 TI - [Pitfalls in hypertensive disease]. PMID- 6528146 TI - [Anti-hepatitis B vaccine]. PMID- 6528147 TI - [Current and shifting statistics on breech delivery at the Liege University Maternity Center]. PMID- 6528148 TI - [Chronicles in osteoarticular pathology. Isolated involvement of the suprascapular nerve in sports medicine. Apropos of 2 cases]. PMID- 6528149 TI - Ruffini mechanoreceptors in isolated joint capsule: responses correlated with strain energy density. AB - Mechanoreceptive afferents innervating the posterior capsule of the cat knee joint were recorded in a preparation of isolated capsule. The purpose of the experiments was to identify mechanical states in the capsule that were associated with afferent discharge. The capsule was excised from the knee with its bone attachments intact, so that the geometry of the capsule could be reproduced in vitro. The capsule was deformed, and measurements were made of stresses and strains in the plane of the capsule. Afferent discharge was correlated with each of the components of plane stress, plane strain, and strain energy density (SED). SED, the stored elastic energy at the receptor location, was the only mechanical variable that was consistently positively correlated with afferent discharge. A model of the Ruffini-type receptor is presented that accounts for the sensitivity to SED. PMID- 6528150 TI - Two-point discriminability: relation to properties of the somatosensory system. AB - The ability to resolve two closely spaced cutaneous stimuli presumably depends upon the degree of overlap between the two populations of responding neurons. The degree of overlap is determined by receptive field (RF) geometry and location, and by interactive factors such as lateral inhibition. In this paper, we first consider some aspects of RFs that would be expected to influence two-point acuity. In some somatosensory brain regions, relatively few RFs overlap the body midline. As would be expected, discrimination is enhanced for two points straddling the backbone. This does not simply reflect a mediolateral gradient of acuity, as we found higher acuity laterally. On the limbs, where RFs are elongated along the length of the limb, transverse two-point acuity was greater than longitudinal acuity. However, on the back, where RFs are fairly round, there was an even larger orientation effect, with two-point acuity greater for stimuli longitudinal than for stimuli transverse to the spine. Thus, the substantial variation of two-point acuity with stimulus orientation on the back cannot be explained by RF geometry alone. We discuss the possibility that differences in lateral inhibition and degree of similarity in dermatomal composition contribute to the observed stimulus orientation effects. PMID- 6528151 TI - [Myocardial revascularization in the developing phase of myocardial infarction using intracoronary thrombolytic therapy]. AB - The author's experience on intracoronary thrombolysis on 71 patients that underwent coronary angiography in the first six hours of myocardial infarction is presented. The coronary artery responsible for the infarction was totally occluded in 66 cases and presented a subtotal occlusion in the remaining 5 cases. The protocol included the intracoronary injection of 2 mg isosorbide dinitrate and 78.000-385.000 U of streptokinase. An early reperfusion occurred in 66% of the patients, without mortality in the acute phase. ST-segment returned to normal in 41 of the 47 reperfused cases, but a Q wave developed in 42 cases. Hospital mortality was 6,4%, and the reocclusion rate was 17%. PMID- 6528152 TI - [Organization of maintenance service. Basic support facilities, accessory facilities and electro-medicine]. PMID- 6528153 TI - [Euthanasia and the culture of death]. PMID- 6528154 TI - [The evolution of dental medicine]. PMID- 6528155 TI - [Various aspects of modern Portuguese art]. PMID- 6528156 TI - [Physician-patient relations today]. PMID- 6528157 TI - [Etiology of perimenopausal organic hemorrhages of uterine origin]. AB - The authors study the etiologies of organic uterine bleeding during the menopause in 66 of their own cases. Benign lesions of the endometrium and of the myometrium are, of course, the most common, but the possibility of pregnancy and particularly that of malignant lesions must not be forgotten. The authors emphasize the importance of obtaining endometrial samplings, in particular using the Inocurette, and of the importance of making a histological diagnosis. They seem to be able to define a population at increased risk for cancer, which should be followed more closely. PMID- 6528159 TI - [Chlamydia trachomatis pneumopathies in infants]. AB - The systematic serological examination of 174 infants aged between 0 and 12 months in a paediatric pneumology unit over a period of 12 months revealed that 59 infants (33%) had antibodies and that at least 15 (8.6%) were infected. Based on the experience gained in this department and on data from the literature, the authors recall the clinical and laboratory features of Chlamydia trachomatis interstitial pneumonia in infants, its treatment, pathophysiology and epidemiology. PMID- 6528158 TI - [Prevention of Chlamydia trachomatis infections in women]. AB - Over the past several years, the incidence of chronic salpingitis has increased relentlessly, with its accompanying pelvic pain, ectopic pregnancies, and tubal sterility. Chlamydia are a frequent etiologic agent. Preventing these infections is difficult, nevertheless proper care will be given by recalling four key words: avoidance, diagnosis, education, and treatment. It is important to discourage early sexual activity and multiple sexual partners, to encourage the use of condoms, and avoid the use of an intrauterine device in adolescents. Atypical presentations of salpingitis must be recognized and treated effectively, thus preventing the spread of infection. Education on venereal diseases should be presented in secondary schools, during military service, and other similar groups, but especially during physician visits for contraception. PMID- 6528160 TI - [Should we still explore placental sulfatase deficiencies? Reflections apropos of a case report]. AB - The finding of low or very low levels of oestrogen during pregnancy should suggest the diagnosis of placental sulfatase deficiency, which is confirmed by performing dynamic biochemical tests. These biochemical tests also enable sulfatase deficiency to be differentiated from other conditions which may be accompanied by an abnormal decrease in oestrogens. The authors report one case and stress the harmlessness of sulfatase deficiency and the associated ichthyosis in boys and they question the value of the dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate test which only confirms an abnormality which is now well known and benign. PMID- 6528161 TI - [Fibrocystic mastosis of the breast]. PMID- 6528162 TI - [Elements of breast thermography]. PMID- 6528163 TI - [Elements of surgical therapy of the breast]. PMID- 6528164 TI - [External genital endometriosis. Endemiologic, diagnostic, therapeutic and prognostic aspects]. AB - 189 cases were selected, representing 26 admissions per 1 000. From their analysis of the case files, the authors conclude that the development of endometriosis does not need any specific anatomical or hormonal condition and that it is difficult to determine the role of endometriosis and associated lesions in the production of symptoms. The responsibility of endometriosis in sterility has not been always, even in cases with frank lesions. The treatment is aimed at eradicating the lesions which should be followed up with laparoscopy. PMID- 6528165 TI - [Problems of pregnancy in epileptic mothers]. AB - The author tries to make the point about teratogenicity of seizures and anticonvulsant drugs. He insists upon the risk of diphenylhydantoin, and he gives the manner to treate these patients from the recent literature. PMID- 6528166 TI - [Obstetrical complications due to malformations of the uterus]. AB - In a series of 17 670 deliveries, uterine malformations were seen in 47 cases (0,20%). This level was high bearing in mind the resultant obstetric complications: breech presentation in 51,4% of cases (as against 3,01% for all patients) and a 63,7% caesarian section rate. Maternal morbidity and perinatal mortality could be reduced if obstetricians took care to seek such malformations. The diagnosis would be facilitated by routine measurement of serum cystine aminopeptidase levels. PMID- 6528167 TI - [Survey on the use of corticoids for the prevention of hyaline membrane disease in France in 1984]. AB - The authors examined the attitudes and practices of french obstetrics and gynaecology registrars in the prevention of hyaline membrane disease with steroids. They sent a questionnaire to 185 hospitals all over France. Based on the 110 replies, they conclude that the majority of registrars believe in the effectiveness and use steroids in this indication. PMID- 6528168 TI - [Fever in labor and delivery. Physiopathologic data and clinical implications]. PMID- 6528169 TI - [Fever in labor and delivery. Study of 100 cases of febrile parturient patients in comparison with 100 controls]. PMID- 6528170 TI - [Maternal consequences of infection during and after labor]. PMID- 6528171 TI - [Management of amniotic infection]. PMID- 6528172 TI - [Fever in labor and delivery. The point of view of the bacteriologist]. PMID- 6528173 TI - [Fever in labor and delivery. Fetal and neonatal risk]. PMID- 6528174 TI - [Ogilvie's syndrome following cesarean section. Apropos of a case]. AB - The authors report a case of post-caesarian acute idiopathic dilatation of the colon (Ogilvie's syndrome), which is a rare syndrome, particularly after caesarian section, which poses difficult diagnostic problems. The most serious complication consists of perforation of the caecum. The pathogenesis of this syndrome is still hypothetical. Early treatment essentially consists of inserting a Faucher tube via colonoscopy beyond the splenic flexure. In the case of a pre perforation syndrome, a right transverse colostomy needs to be performed. Actual perforation of the caecum requires a major operation with a poor prognosis. PMID- 6528175 TI - [Pregnancy and delivery in adolescents. Apropos of 112 case reports]. AB - The authors studied the course of pregnancy in 112 adolescents under the age of 15 years 3 months seen over the last decade. 10% of pregnancies were marked by anaemia, 23% by excessive weight gain and 20% by toxaemia of pregnancy. Although the delivery is often premature, it is usually simple, with rapid labour and expulsion. Forceps were required in 8% of cases and the ventouse was used in 11% of cases. Epidural anaesthesia was performed in 50% of deliveries. Despite an almost normal pregnancy and a eutocic delivery, 21% of babies presented a malformation. PMID- 6528176 TI - [Necrotic funisitis]. AB - The authors report eighty eight cases of a perticular type of funisitis characterized by perivascular necrosis of Wharton's jelly. The accompanying leucocyte reaction is weak, and sometimes nil, and the inflammatory lesions of the placenta are also moderate, and sometimes absent. The necrosis of the cord is, however, sufficiently pronounced to be visible to the naked eye. The neonate is often--but not always--very premature, but rarely shows clinical signs of infection (only one case in five). It nonetheless presents with hyperleucocytosis from birth, often severely, but this clears up within a few days, even in the absence of antibiotherapy. A very high rate of blood IgM is also often observed in these infants, on the day of birth. Immediate survival and postnatal development often present no problems. The etiology is not known. There are indirect arguments in favor of a rare germ which cannot be visualized by routine techniques, or possibly a virus. But this remains to be proved. Some observers have suggested that it is the fruit of a particular diathesis, with a tissular reaction to a non-infectious aggression by some modification of the amniotic fluid but this too remains to be established. PMID- 6528177 TI - [Pregnancy and delivery following insemination with frozen donor sperm]. AB - A total of 620 pregnancies were followed and only 25 were lost to follow-up (3.8%). The mean age of the women was 30 years. 42% of them had had ovulation induction treatment. There were 538 primiparous women (86.7%). A control series of 130 primiparous women from the same age group was constituted at random. The abortion rate was 15%. 93% of pregnancies did not pose any problems in the 2nd and 3rd trimesters (83% in the control series). 97% of the women delivered at term (the same as in the control series). The mean birth weight was 3,260 g and the sex ratio was 0.97%. There was a high malformation rate of 1.48% and peri natal mortality was 1.1%. The caesarian rate in the primiparous women was 31.9% compared with 19.2% in the control series and it was 35.5% in the multiparous women. In the Tours series, which is more homogeneous than our control series, the caesarian rate was essentially related to maternal age: 14.7% caesarian sections before the age of 30 and 30.5% over the age of 30. It seems therefore that AID does not constitute a risk factor for the pregnancy. PMID- 6528178 TI - [Demons-Meigs syndrome. Apropos of a case. Review of the literature]. AB - On the basis of one case, the authors discuss the clinical, paraclinical and evolutive features of Demons-Meigs syndrome. They review the literature in an attempt to define the pathogenesis of this rare syndrome. PMID- 6528179 TI - [A new therapeutic approach to menstrual migraine]. PMID- 6528180 TI - Pristane-induced arthritis in Balb/c mice. I. Clinical and histological features of the arthropathy. AB - Intraperitoneal injection of pristane induced a clinical peripheral arthritis and/or tenosynovitis in 40% of 40 Balb/cJ/Ola mice. Hind paws were always affected first and fore paws were frequently involved. Involvement of knee joints was only apparent histologically. Some clinically unaffected animals and apparently uninvolved joints from arthritic mice were also shown to have a synovitis histologically. The time of onset and pattern of arthritis was variable. The development of arthritis was not related to plasmacytoma or ascites induction, which occurred in a similar percentage of mice over a similar period. The earliest change was synoviocyte hyperplasia and polymorphonuclear infiltration in the subintima. There was no obvious mononuclear cell infiltration. In the later stages there was erosion of cartilage and sclerosis of underlying bone. These features resemble the joint changes seen in osteoarthritis. PMID- 6528181 TI - Lipid peroxides in human articular cartilage. AB - The hypothesis that increased generation of lipid peroxides (LP) causes articular cartilage damage in older patients and in those with osteoarthritis was tested by directly measuring LP tissue levels in various layers of human articular cartilage. The LP content was significantly greater in the superficial than in the deeper portion of the cartilage, but lower in cartilage than in liver, kidney, adrenal glands and synovium. When LP were related to the total lipid content of these tissues, a high peroxide per lipid ratio was obtained for articular cartilage. The relevance of these findings to the mechanism of cartilage fibrillation is discussed. PMID- 6528182 TI - Bilateral peroneal nerve palsy secondary to posterior dislocation of the proximal tibiofibular joint in rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Bilateral peroneal nerve palsy due to posterior dislocation of the proximal tibiofibular joint in a 72-year-old rheumatoid patient is described. Operative findings showed thickening of the synovial membrane of the proximal tibiofibular joint and a neuroma at the peroneal nerve at the fibular head. The cause of posterior dislocation of this joint in the wake of rheumatoid inflammation is discussed. PMID- 6528184 TI - [Problems in tracheal and carinal reconstructions in the cervical trachea]. PMID- 6528185 TI - [Reconstruction of the cervical trachea]. PMID- 6528183 TI - Failure of sera from patients with scleroderma to exhibit cytotoxicity towards human umbilical vein endothelial cells. AB - Human umbilical vein endothelial cells grew equally well in sera from scleroderma patients and in sera from rheumatic controls. Using two independent methods of assessing cell growth, no evidence of a previously described endothelial cell cytotoxic factor could be found in heat inactivated sera from 23 scleroderma patients. The system used was sensitive in detecting growth inhibition due to five batches of foetal calf serum and low concentrations of homocysteine and 2 mercaptoethanol. PMID- 6528186 TI - [Anastomotic procedures in the operative mode of tracheobronchial anastomosis excepting carinal reconstruction]. PMID- 6528187 TI - [Carinal reconstruction]. PMID- 6528188 TI - [Reconstruction of the trachea and carina with prosthesis and related problems]. PMID- 6528189 TI - [Problems in tracheal and carinal reconstruction at the middle portion and bifurcatino of the trachea]. PMID- 6528190 TI - [Change in immunological parameters of patients with thymoma]. PMID- 6528191 TI - [Pre-operative assessment of the aortic valve annulus using cineangiography and two-dimensional echocardiography]. PMID- 6528192 TI - [Pneumopericardium following closed chest injury--a report of two cases]. PMID- 6528193 TI - [Three cases of funnel chest with sick sinus syndrome]. PMID- 6528194 TI - [A report on chest wall reconstruction with latissimus dorsi flaps in 3 patients]. PMID- 6528195 TI - [Leiomyoma of the lung parenchyma]. PMID- 6528196 TI - [Extended operation for carcinoma of the esophagus]. PMID- 6528197 TI - [Reconstruction of the superior vena cava in malignant diseases using Gore-Tex graft with an external ring support]. PMID- 6528199 TI - [Report of coarctation of the aorta with secondary isthmic atresia and rightward shift of the aortic arch and the posterior mediastinum in an infant]. PMID- 6528198 TI - [Congenital left ventricular aneurysm]. PMID- 6528200 TI - [A case report of successful repair of aortopulmonary septal defect]. PMID- 6528201 TI - [Repair of a ventricular septal defect in corrected transposition--from an experience in deLeval's technic]. PMID- 6528202 TI - [Atrial myxoma--report of 6 cases with successful surgical removal]. PMID- 6528203 TI - [Management of congestive heart failure complicated with cholelithiasis]. PMID- 6528204 TI - [A case of fungal pack occlusion of the ascending aorta after aortic and mitral valve replacement]. PMID- 6528205 TI - [Total replacement of the aortic arch in dissecting aneurysm: a case report]. PMID- 6528206 TI - [The use of a balloon catheter under direct vision endoscopy in noncancerous esophageal strictures]. PMID- 6528207 TI - [Myopathy of congenital fiber type disproportion. Description of a clinical case]. AB - Starting from a case they observed and from similar cases of literature, the authors underline the variability of clinical aspects of MDCF which in this case was associated with absence of both motorial acquisitions and skeletal alterations. They underline how their case is characterized by the presence and consistence of musculotendinous retractions and by muscular weakness. PMID- 6528208 TI - [Retrospective study on side effects in 410 patients in antiepileptic therapy. Proposal for new biochemical screening]. AB - The authors evaluated hematological side effects in 410 epileptic patients under chronic therapy. The aim of the study was to find out the most suitable parametres for preliminary screening. Values outside the normal range were seen in patients treated with multiple drug therapy and in patients receiving antiepileptic drugs from 3 years at least. The following tests were the most frequently influenced: GOT, GPT, alcaline phosphatase, protrombin time, fibrinogen. PMID- 6528210 TI - [Computerized tomography in the diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome]. AB - The AA. have employed CT scan in studying the latest 10 cases in a series of 50 carpal tunnel syndromes; CT scans have then been confronted with EMGs and surgical findings. Usefulness of CT scan is enhanced in pre and postoperative study of this pathology. PMID- 6528209 TI - [Compression of the lumbosacral plexus in a case of voluminous aneurysm of the common iliac artery]. AB - The clinical case presented is one of common iliac artery aneurysm, provoking a radicular compression symptomatology from L4 to S1. It is stressed that neurologic disorders having a radicular content are extremely rare in aorta-iliac vascular compressive pathology. In the case described, the involvement of several nerve roots is attributed to the aneurysm's unusual size (like a fetus' head) of the aneurysmatic sac. PMID- 6528211 TI - [Spinal hemangiopericytoma. Description of a clinical case]. AB - The Authors present a case report on a spinal hemangiopericytoma histologically confirmed. The patient's first complaint was pain in the right upper limb. Myelography showed signs of an extradural cervical tumour. Spinal hemangiopericytoma is quite a rare affection, only 30 cases are described in literature (included the one presented in this paper). PMID- 6528212 TI - Measurements of whole body retention of diphosphonate and other indices of bone metabolism in 125 normals: dependency on age, sex and glomerular filtration. AB - Measurements of 24-h whole body retention of 99m-Tc-MDP (WBR) has been performed in 125 normal volunteers, together with determinations of serum alkaline phosphatase, urinary hydroxyproline excretion and creatinine clearance. WBR decreased slightly from the 3rd to the 4th decade, after which it increased gradually in the older age-groups. Serum alkaline phosphatase followed an identical pattern, while the urinary hydroxyproline excretion demonstrated a marked but temporary rise in the post-menopausal age-groups. Finally, the creatinine clearance decreased gradually in the older age groups. Analysis of variance demonstrated that WBR varied independently with serum alkaline phosphatase and creatinine clearance, while no relationship between WBR and the hydroxyproline excretion was found. It seems likely that the increasing retention of diphosphonate in elderly persons reflects rising osteoblastic activity as well as decreasing glomerular filtration. PMID- 6528213 TI - Myoglobin concentration, creatine kinase, and creatine kinase sub-unit B activity in serum after myocardial ischaemia. AB - The myoglobin concentration, creatine kinase and creatine kinase sub-unit B activity were estimated in fourteen patients with ischaemic heart disease before and after exercise induced angina pectoris. No changes in these parameters were found. PMID- 6528214 TI - The effect of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion on cardiac performance during exercise in insulin-dependent diabetics. AB - To assess the effects of improved glycaemic control on the right and left ventricular ejection fraction (RVEF and LVEF), we performed radionuclide angiocardiography at rest and during exercise in nine insulin-dependent diabetics with a diabetes duration between 2 and 35 years (mean 12 years) and in 10 control subjects. The diabetics were investigated before and after 7 days' treatment with continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII). The diabetics had a significantly smaller rise in exercise-induced LVEF during normoglycaemia than in the hyperglycaemic state. In contrast to the control subjects, the diabetics, independent of glycaemic control, did not increase the end-diastolic volume and did not decrease the end-systolic volume during exercise. Our data indicate a preclinical abnormal left ventricular function in young diabetics without long term diabetic complications. The dysfunction seems unrelated to changes in the loading of the heart and appears to be caused by decreased contractile reserve of the myocardium. PMID- 6528215 TI - Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in exaggerated natriuresis of chronic glomerulonephritis. AB - Angiotensin II (AII) and aldosterone (Aldo) in plasma, blood pressure (BP) and urinary excretion of sodium were studied before, during and in two periods after intravenous sodium loading with 500 ml of sodium chloride solution (50 g/l) in 11 normotensive and 10 hypertensive patients with histologically verified chronic glomerulonephritis and creatinine clearance in the range from 11 to 167 ml/min, and in 10 normotensive control subjects. The absolute increase of sodium excretion during loading was higher in the patients grouped together and in the hypertensives alone, but not in the normotensive patients when compared with the control subjects. No correlation was found between sodium excretion and control mean BP or change in mean BP during loading. AII and Aldo were suppressed during loading in both patients and control subjects. In the patients but not in the control subjects the increase of sodium excretion correlated positively with pre infusion value of AII and negatively with change in AII during the sodium loading. No correlation was found between sodium excretion and Aldo and changes of Aldo. In conclusion, the results might suggest that the renin-angiotensin system is involved in the regulation of exaggerated natriuresis in chronic glomerulonephritis. PMID- 6528216 TI - The nature of urinary bile acid conjugates in patients with extrahepatic cholestasis. AB - Urinary bile acids from patients with extrahepatic cholestasis were extracted with Sep-pak C18 cartridges and group separated on diethylaminohydroxypropyl Sephadex LH-20. The nature of the different conjugates of cholic and chenodeoxycholic acid in the fractions was studied after further separation by preparative thin-layer chromatography. The free and glycine-conjugated bile acids were quantified by capillary gas chromatography and identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Taurine conjugates were split with cholylglycine hydrolase and the liberated free bile acids analysed by GC/MS. Sulphate esters were hydrolysed with Helix pomatia and the resulting bile acid derivatives were analysed as above. After hydrolysis with cholylglycine hydrolase, the glucuronides of the unconjugated bile acids were separated and identified by GC/MS. Amino acid analysis of the different fractions revealed that glycine and taurine were the only amino acids present in connection with cholic and chenodeoxycholic acid. Large amounts of monosulphated bile acid conjugates were present but no disulphates. Only 3-sulphates were found. Both sulphates and glucuronides were found exclusively as glycine or taurine conjugates and no such derivatives of unconjugated bile acids were isolated. The isolated conjugates were split either by a combination of acid solvolysis and alkaline hydrolysis or by Helix pomatia and cholylglycine hydrolase. PMID- 6528217 TI - Platelet number and platelet volume in healthy young men during exercise and changes in posture. AB - In ten healthy young men, alterations in platelet number (B-Thro) and mean platelet volume (MPV) during 15 min of moderate exercise on a bicycle ergometer and 30 min of rest in supine position were determined. During exercise B-Thro increased 10.9% and MPV increased 1.5%. During rest in supine position B-Thro decreased 8.7% whereas MPV was unchanged. From concomitant alterations in leucocyte number, erythrocyte number and concentration of albumin it is concluded that part of the alterations in B-Thro is caused by transfer of water between the vascular system and the interstitial compartment and part is the result of a release of platelets from reservoirs during exercise and a sequestration of platelets in reservoirs during rest in supine position. The alteration in MPV during exercise is explained by a larger average volume of platelets being released from reservoirs when compared with the average volume of platelets already circulating. PMID- 6528218 TI - Transcutaneous measurement of the oxygen partial pressure using argon to correct for the oxygen consumption of the probe. AB - The oxygen consumption of a transcutaneous probe creates an oxygen diffusion gradient between the skin capillaries and the probe, and this gradient causes the ratio between the oxygen partial pressure at the surface of the transcutaneous probe and the mean capillary pO2 to be less than 1. The ratio is usually increased towards unity by heating the skin to 43-45 degrees C, but this method introduces both practical and theoretical complications: the risk of skin burns and the increase in pO2 over the value in the blood at 37 degrees C. We present a new method to evaluate the ratio between the oxygen partial pressure at the surface of the transcutaneous probe and the mean capillary pO2. The method was used in measurements of the mean capillary pO2 in the skin of eight volunteers with a low-temperature probe (40 degrees C). The mean value of the ratio was 0.56 with a considerable variation from one person to another and from one skin location to another. PMID- 6528219 TI - Heat production in human blood lymphocytes. A methodological study. AB - Heat production rates (thermal power) in peripheral blood lymphocytes from healthy subjects were determined under some defined experimental conditions in an attempt to establish by microcalorimetry a basal metabolic reference range for lymphocytes in the non-activated state. The effects of cell isolation method, the presence of other types of blood cells, cell concentration, temperature, pH and type of suspension medium on the rate of heat production by lymphocytes were evaluated. The results indicate that microcalorimetry is suitable for monitoring the metabolism of these cells with good precision in the physiological range of cell concentration. PMID- 6528220 TI - Patterns of QT/QS2 ratio in vasomotorically labile young men. AB - The QT/QS2 ratio in seven 21-year-old men with a history of vasomotor lability was measured when they were resting supine and during orthostatic, Valsalva and diving reflex tests. The vasolability was characterized by an abnormal sympathicotonic heart rate (HR) response to the orthostatic test and vacillating inferoapical T waves in the ECG. The results of the vasolabile subjects were compared to those of seven fit control subjects of the same age. In spite of equal HR's in both groups the vasolabile subjects' QT/Q2 ratio constantly exceeded 1.00 during the whole test protocol and it was higher than of the controls (P = 0.04). The reversed QT/QS2 relationship in the test subjects seemed to be due both to a prolongation of the QT time and a shortening of the QS2 time. This difference prevailed throughout although the reaction pattern to autonomic stimulations was equal in both groups. We considered an inadequate neural control of the heart, possibly with metabolic and haemodynamic interactions, responsible for the prolongation of the electrical systole in relation to the electromechanical systole in the heart of the vasomotorically labile subjects. PMID- 6528221 TI - Serum vitamin D metabolites in normal subjects after phototherapy. PMID- 6528222 TI - Acute infections with Giardia lamblia and rotavirus decrease intestinal permeability to low-molecular weight polyethylene glycols (PEG 400). AB - The passive intestinal permeability of patients seeking care for acute diarrhoea was investigated with a liquid meal containing differently sized, low-molecular weight polyethylene glycols (PEG 400; mol. wt. 282-590). The subjects suffered from acute infections caused either by Giardia lamblia or rotavirus. The patients were studied during infection and 3-4 weeks later when they had recovered clinically. It was found that both giardia and rotavirus infections were associated with decreased 6-h urinary recovery of the PEG molecules, particularly of the larger molecular weight species. After the infection, the permeability properties returned towards normal values. The results show that the permeability and the absorptive capacity is altered in patients with acute Giardia lamblia and rotavirus infections which could be important in relation to chronic infections and malnutrition attributed to these organisms. PMID- 6528223 TI - Antimicrobial susceptibility of 200 blood isolates of coagulase-negative staphylococci to 20 antimicrobial agents. AB - The in vitro susceptibility of 200 strains of coagulase-negative staphylococci isolated from blood cultures to 20 antimicrobial agents including the newer beta lactam compounds was compared. Rifampicin, vancomycin, nafcillin and gentamicin were the most active drugs. The newer cephalosporins and related beta-lactam antibiotics did not exhibit superior activity. PMID- 6528224 TI - Infectious complications to granulocytopenia. AB - A consecutive series of patients with granulocytopenia was analysed with consideration of rate and spectrum of infectious complications. The records of 98 patients from 1975-81 were studied retrospectively. Fever was the most common symptom of infection. 78 patients had one or more infectious manifestations, and Staphylococcus aureus was the most common pathogen isolated. Septicemia occurred in 22 patients of which 17 were caused by gram-negative bacteria. Pseudomonas aeruginosa caused septicemia in 8 patients. The risk of septicemia increased with a decreasing cell count and with the degree and duration of fever. The mortality rate for the whole group was 24% and for the septicemic patients 41%. PMID- 6528225 TI - The effect of a therapeutic doxycycline concentration on polymorphonuclear leukocyte migration in vitro. AB - Tetracyclines, and especially doxycycline, have been reported to inhibit polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) migration. The effect of a therapeutic doxycycline concentration (4.33 micrograms/ml) on PMN migration in vitro was tested with the leading-front technique. No significant effect could be demonstrated on PMN chemokinesis and chemotaxis. It is thus concluded that the effect of therapeutic doxycycline concentrations on PMN migration is negligible. This conclusion has a bearing upon the choice of antimicrobial therapy. PMID- 6528227 TI - Bacterial shock due to transfusion with Yersinia enterocolitica infected blood. AB - A fatal case (a 55-yr-old man) of bacterial shock and sepsis following a transfusion with erythrocytes infected with Yersinia enterocolitica serotype 03, is reported. The blood donor had slight diarrhea 6 days before the blood donation. A serum sample from the donor showed high titre of both IgG and IgM antibodies against Y. enterocolitica 03, indicating a recent infection. Y. enterocolitica 03 was isolated from blood cultures from the patient. The remaining portion of the transfused erythrocyte concentrate also yielded abundant growth of the same organism on direct plating of the material on blood agar indicating that profuse multiplication of the organism had occurred within the transfusion bag during storage at 4 degrees C. PMID- 6528226 TI - Recurrent pneumococcal infections in a patient with lack of specific IgG and IgM pneumococcal antibodies and deficiency of serum IgA, IgG2 and IgG4. AB - Disseminated pneumococcal infections in a young woman are described. Serum from the patient showed reduced opsonic capacity for pneumococci and absence of pneumococcal anticapsular IgG and IgM antibodies even after pneumococcal immunization. Total serum IgG level was normal, but IgG2, IgG4, and IgA were deficient. The possible location of pneumococcal IgG antibodies in the IgG2 subclass is discussed as well as the existence of serious antibody deficiencies in patients with normal total IgG levels. PMID- 6528228 TI - Recurrent staphylococcal furunculosis: antibody response against Staphylococcus aureus. AB - The serum antibody response against staphylococcal antigens was investigated by crossed immunoelectrophoresis in 79 patients with recurrent staphylococcal furunculosis. The levels of precipitating antibodies were significantly higher than in normal controls. Patients increased their antibody levels during an acute exacerbation. It was not possible to differentiate between a severe and a mild infection by means of antibody level. PMID- 6528229 TI - Postburn blood flow, edema, and survival of the hairy mouse ear after scald injury at different temperatures. AB - In one group (a) one ear of NMRI hairy mice was scalded in water at 36 degrees C, 39 degrees C, 42 degrees C, 45 degrees C, 48 degrees C, 51 degrees C, 52 degrees C, 53 degrees C, 54 degrees C, 57 degrees C, and 60 degrees C for 20 s, using a new dip burn model, for evaluation of edema formation 2 h postburn. In another group of mice (b) one ear was scalded in the 45 degrees C-60 degrees C interval and the ear studied in a vital microscope repeatedly for 4 days. In a third group (c), one ear was scalded in the 36 degrees C-60 degrees C interval and the microcirculatory flow was recorded by a laser Doppler flowmeter (1Df) for a period of 2 h postburn. In a fourth group of animals (d) one ear was scalded at 53 degrees C or 54 degrees C. In some animals the ear was then cooled in 8 degrees C water or saline for 30 min. Others were treated preburn with cimetidine, Ketanserin, indomethacin or methylprednisolone. Edema was determined in group (a) by wet-dry weight measurements of punch biopsies from both the burned and the contralateral unburned ear and expressed as an increase in tissue water content. The long-term effect was determined by observing the survival of the ears (groups b and d); the area of necrosis was expressed as a percentage of the total area of the ear. Significant edema was formed in ears immersed in 48 degrees C to 60 degrees C water with a maximum after 53 degrees C burns.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6528230 TI - A morphological and histochemical study of the scalded hairy mouse ear. AB - The right ear of mice was scalded at 51 degrees C and 53 degrees C for 20 s, using the recently developed dip burn model, and examined morphologically and histochemically at intervals for 2 h postburn. The left, unburned ear served as control. Burned ears intended for light and electron microscopy were fixed in situ by means of vascular perfusion. Ears for histochemical studies were cut off and immediately frozen at -140 degrees C. The enzyme histochemical analyses comprised a variety of oxido-reductases and hydrolases. After a 51 degrees C scald, scattered epidermal cell damage was observed with intracellular edema and mitochondrial destruction. Most microvessels were patent. Scalding with 53 degrees C water produced extensive cellular changes in the epidermis from 5 min including mitochondrial alterations, tonofilament aggregation and intercellular separations, progressing into complete epidermal destruction and lysis at 2 h postburn. Morphologically, many microvessels were occluded by cellular aggregates or debris after endothelial cell destruction. Of the histochemical assays the test for succinic dehydrogenase gave conclusive results that correlated well with the morphological findings, indicating partial dysfunction of epidermal cells 2 h postburn after a 51 degrees C scald and early, almost total absence of activity from 5 min postburn after a 53 degrees C scald injury. Scalding at 53 degrees C invariably leads to ear necrosis. This might be explained by the epidermal destruction, which in turn seems related to mitochondrial viability, and microcirculatory blood flow. The sensitivity of this experimental model precludes direct comparisons with studies of scalds to skin covering large tissue volumes. PMID- 6528231 TI - Triglycyl-lysine-vasopressin or lysine-vasopressin in early excision of burns. An experimental study comparing the effects on blood loss, hemodynamics and renal function. AB - Twelve piglets were submitted to a third degree burn covering one third of total body surface area under general anesthesia. Fluid treatment was given in amounts corresponding to 2.4 ml/kg/% burn/24 h, and hemodynamics and renal function were monitored for 24 h. Regional blood flows were determined with the aid of the radioactive microsphere technique before burn, 5 and 24 h after burn respectively. One group was treated with triglycyl-lysine-vasopressin (TGLVP) as bolus injections and the other with lysine-vasopressin (LVP) in infusion. Both groups were submitted to excision of the burned tissues after 5 h. Total blood loss was 39 +/- 9 g in the TGLVP group and 51 +/- 7 g in the LVP group (n.s.). TGLVP changed the distribution of cardiac output (CO) more than LVP did, leading to smaller blood flows to the splanchnic organs, skin and carcass while the perfusion of the brain, heart, liver and kidneys was similar after 5 h. The burn caused a 30% decrease of CO in both groups. After the first TGLVP injection there was a small further decrease in CO but after excision there were similar recoveries of CO in both groups. After 24 h the CO redistribution remained during LVP infusion, but those effects had almost vanished in the TGLVP group. Total diuresis and the glomerular filtration rate tended to be larger during LVP treatment but there was no significant difference in serum creatinine after 24 h. Thus both drugs decrease blood loss during early excision and they seem to have similar effects on circulation and renal function.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6528232 TI - Reduction of blood loss by triglycyl-lysine-vasopressin during early excision of burns in pigs. AB - In a burn model using anesthetized piglets, the circulatory and renal effects and the blood loss during and after excision were compared in two groups, one treated by triglycyl-lysine-vasopressin (TGLVP) given as intermittent bolus injections and the other serving as control. The third degree burn covered approximately 33% of the body surface area, and a solution containing 100 mmol NaCl/l in 2.5% glucose was infused at a rate of 2.4 ml/kg/% burn. Regional blood flows were determined before burn, 5 and 24 h after burn with the aid of radioactively labeled microspheres. Cardiac output (CO) decreased about 30% after burn and there was a slight further decrease of CO after the first TGLVP dose. After the excision there were similar restitutions of CO in the two groups. TGLVP induced an increase of blood flow to the hepatic artery, did not change flows to the brain, heart and kidneys and decreased flows to the preportal organs, carcass and skin 5 h after burn. After 24 h the perfusion of the skin and pancreas remained low but there were no differences in other organs. There was a significant decrease of blood loss associated with burn excision performed 5 h after burn in the TGLVP treated group, mean blood loss 39 g/25 kg versus 145 g/25 kg in the control group. There was a temporary increase in diuresis following TGLVP and also increased excretions of sodium and potassium. The results obtained in this study and possible clinical applications are discussed. PMID- 6528233 TI - Influence of hyaluronidase upon local infiltration anaesthesia by lidocaine. An experimental study in the guinea-pig. AB - A study was made in the guinea-pig to examine how the mucolytic enzyme hyaluronidase influenced the spread and duration of subcutaneously injected lidocaine with and without adrenaline. Addition of hyaluronidase 200 IU/ml to lidocaine 5 mg/ml plain solution diminished the spread of the analgesic efficacy but did not affect the duration of action. Addition of hyaluronidase 200 IU/ml to lidocaine 5 mg/ml containing adrenaline 5 micrograms/ml gave a significantly larger area of analgesia compared to the solution without the enzyme but slightly shortened the duration of action. The solution containing both adrenaline and hyaluronidase approximately doubled the distance necessary for satisfactory analgesia between two subcutaneous sites of administration, a finding that may have clinical implications. PMID- 6528234 TI - Experience with the radial forearm flap in 14 cases. AB - In 14 cases aged 9-79 years the radial forearm flap has been used for reconstruction. Of 4 island flaps, 2 were distally based (1 with nerve anastomosis) and 2 proximally based (1 innervated). Of the free flaps, 7 were for intra-oral lining following major resection and 3 of these included hemi-radius for mandibular reconstruction. Most flaps were put into a hostile environment resulting from chronic infection and/or radiotherapy or fast neutron therapy. Two flaps failed including one osseocutaneous free flap. Important anatomical, pre operative and operative aspects are considered, including a description of the timed Allen test, and potential pitfalls and refinements are described. PMID- 6528235 TI - Five years experience of breast augmentation using silicone gel prostheses with emphasis on capsule shrinkage. AB - The results of a five-year retrospective study on breast augmentation using silicone gel-filled prostheses are presented. A total of 115 breasts (45%) out of 254 developed capsules of type II-IV. The incidence in the hypoplasia group was 46%. The capsules were treated with closed and/or open capsulotomy. Biopsies showed fibrous capsules containing alcianophilic droplets, suggesting the presence of silicone in the tissue. The authors find the above incidences to be unacceptably high, and as the treatment is costly, we advocate a more restrictive approach towards operations for mammary hypoplasia. PMID- 6528236 TI - Psychological aspects of breast reconstruction following mastectomy. AB - In order to analyse the experiences of women after breast reconstruction and to find variables influencing these experiences, 45 women were studied with quantitative methods and 14 with deep interviews, one to four years after breast reconstruction. By factor analysis, five dimensions of experiences were identified. With a more or less common background of variables evaluating the satisfaction with and the subjective importance of the reconstruction, these dimensions emphasized experiences of restoration, freedom from depression, changes in public body image, freedom from tenderness of the reconstruction site, and changes in life patterns, respectively. The dimensions were basically not correlated with each other. The "influence" of other variables on these dimensions was studied using multiple regression methods. Social and physical variables (the consistency of the reconstruction included), the incidence of significant life events, and the availability of social support could not be shown to influence the adjustment factors. Some personality traits were of importance, suggesting that the psychological coping style of the patients is influential. The saliency of personality variables is seen against the background that the technical results of the reconstructions on the whole are satisfactory and their variance restricted. In the deep interview, similar patterns of experiences as those identified by the quantitative methods, were found. The relative satisfaction with the reconstruction was for all interviewed patients the result of a process of adjustment that took varying lengths of time. PMID- 6528238 TI - [Analysis and incidence of gaseous organic compounds in indoor air]. PMID- 6528237 TI - Self-mutilation. AB - Self-mutilation presents great diagnostic and therapeutic difficulties and the financial expenditure involved in its treatment is considerable. The ten patients comprising the present investigation were on average hospitalized for 314 days and were operated on 15 times. Only two can be considered to have recovered. Greater knowledge of these patients and closer cooperation between the surgeon, psychiatrist, general practitioner and social authorities should make their treatment more effective. PMID- 6528239 TI - [Studies of power plant exhausts]. PMID- 6528240 TI - [Realization of the ECC guidelines on limit values and leading values for sulfur dioxide and suspended dust]. PMID- 6528241 TI - [Trend analysis of sulfur dioxide emission in various German cities]. PMID- 6528242 TI - [Report on measures by the Commission of the European Community for the conversion of Article 10 of the guidelines on limit and leading values for SO2 and suspended dust]. PMID- 6528243 TI - [Influence of external sources on SO2 emission in Berlin (West)]. PMID- 6528244 TI - [Testing of a procedure for the determination of sulfur dioxide in the air following sampling with a mercury-free absorption solution]. PMID- 6528245 TI - [Respiratory function tests and longitudinal anamnestic data in a group of children in Berlin (West)]. PMID- 6528246 TI - [Changes in edaphic and plant physiological parameters under the influence of gaseous HCl and SO2 emissions]. PMID- 6528247 TI - [Arsenic exposure of various groups of persons]. PMID- 6528249 TI - [Indoor and outdoor lead burden in pregnant women and newborn infants in the Nordenham region]. PMID- 6528248 TI - [Understanding of subclinical lead effects on the nervous system of children with known prenatal exposure in Nordenham]. PMID- 6528250 TI - [Results of indoor formaldehyde determinations using passive sampling]. PMID- 6528251 TI - [Ammonia determination in air in the maximum emission level and maximum workplace level range using an ion-selective electrode]. PMID- 6528252 TI - [Lead, cadmium and nickel emissions in Berlin (West)]. PMID- 6528253 TI - [Connection of a 2d gas chromatograph to a standard gas chromatograph/mass spectrometer/computer system]. PMID- 6528254 TI - [Procedure and results of ozone emission measurements in Berlin (West)]. PMID- 6528255 TI - [Acid-forming anions in rain water in Berlin]. PMID- 6528256 TI - [Comparative evaluation of suspended dust emission in conformity with ECC guideline 80/779 using the Black-Smoke method and a gravimetric procedure]. PMID- 6528257 TI - [Results of fractionating suspended dust measurements in the upper particle size range]. PMID- 6528258 TI - Smoking and pain--a method of limits and sensory decision theory analysis. PMID- 6528259 TI - Image reconstruction and Gestalt formation in human spatial vision. PMID- 6528260 TI - Studies in subjective probability V: Chance vs. structure in visual patterns. PMID- 6528262 TI - Infant responses and the physical environment. PMID- 6528261 TI - Psychological stress-factors and concentrations of immunoglobulins and complement components in humans. PMID- 6528263 TI - Strain differences in open field activity after learning in mice. PMID- 6528264 TI - Idiopathic dilatation of the right atrium. A case report. AB - Idiopathic dilatation of the right atrium in a young woman is reported. Thoracotomy was performed for suspected pericardial cyst. Intraoperative findings suggested idiopathic right atrial dilatation, which was histologically confirmed. Two years after partial resection of the dilated right atrial wall the patient is doing well. Management of asymptomatic idiopathic dilatation of the right atrium should be medical, surgery being reserved for patients with symptoms. PMID- 6528265 TI - Congenital chylothorax: management by ligature of the thoracic duct. AB - Congenital chylothorax in a male infant persisted for 10 weeks despite repeated thoracocenteses and dietary regimens which included total parenteral nutrition for 37 days and a peroral semielementary diet with medium-chain triglyceride content for 19 days. Thoracotomy disclosed a small leak in the thoracic duct. The duct was ligated above and below the leak, as attempted repair was unsuccessful. There was no recurrence of pleural effusion after the operation and no distal lymphoedema was observed. PMID- 6528266 TI - Pulsatile vs. non-pulsatile flow during cardiopulmonary bypass. A comparison of early postoperative changes. AB - The aim of the study was to evaluate possible haemodynamic and metabolic effects of pulsatile flow in cardiopulmonary bypass. The subjects were 20 patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting. They had no complicating diseases. Ten consecutive patients with pulsatile perfusion were compared with ten consecutive patients with non-pulsatile perfusion. The haemodynamic parameters, chest X-rays, fluid balance and changes in circulating thrombocytes were unaffected by adding pulsatile flow to cardiopulmonary bypass. The arterial venous oxygen content difference and intrapulmonary shunting were also unaffected. Whole-body oxygen consumption was higher in the pulsatile group immediately after bypass, but subsequently there were no differences. The haemoglobin and haematocrit values were higher in the non-pulsatile group two hours postoperatively, but did not differ in the rest of the observation period. The clinical course was similar in the two groups. PMID- 6528267 TI - Myocardial catecholamines following cold cardioplegic arrest during open-heart surgery. AB - Preservation of both right and left ventricular subendocardial and subepicardial muscle was assessed using quantitative polarization microscopy (birefringence measurements) with preservation of myocardial catecholamines measured by fluorescence microscopy in biopsies from 20 consecutive patients who underwent open heart surgery with cold cardioplegic arrest (St. Thomas' Solution). Six of the 7 patients with clinical complications were predicted from the birefringence results. One developed left ventricular deterioration during bypass, two patients right ventricular deterioration, one patient both left and right ventricular deterioration and two patients had poor left ventricular function before bypass. Birefringence measurements were thus reliable in predicting post-operative cardiac outcome. There were no significant changes during the bypass period in the catecholamine scores, even in those patients who had clinical complications. Fluorescence microscopy showed that the "free" myocardial nerve net and the pericoronary nerve plexuses retained their catecholamine stores equally well. This indicated that St. Thomas' cardioplegia preserves myocardial catecholamine stores, depletion of which would remove a potentially important compensatory mechanism in cardiac pump failure. There may however be a temporary blockade in the release of endogenous cardiac catecholamine (noradrenaline) stores from the adrenergic nerve terminals following cold cardioplegic arrest despite myocardial pump failure. PMID- 6528268 TI - Spontaneous rotation of permanent pacemaker--a cause of muscle stimulation and myopotential inhibition. AB - In 5 of 192 patients who received their first pacemaker during a 17-month period, severe pectoral muscle stimulation was caused by spontaneous rotation of the pacemaker in the pocket, so that the uncoated side faced backwards. All five patients were women with abundant, loose subcutaneous tissue which allowed increased mobility of the pacemaker. This causal mechanism of muscle stimulation seems to be related to the reduced size and the coating of modern pacemakers. Reprogramming of the pacemaker to a lower output solved the problem in three cases, but reoperation was necessary in two. These cases stress the need to secure the pacemaker to the fascia during implantation, particularly in patients at enhanced risk. For such patients, use of a pacemaker equipped with suture holes may be advisable. PMID- 6528269 TI - Failing transcervical thymectomy in myasthenia gravis. An evaluation of transsternal re-exploration. AB - Twenty cases of failing transcervical thymectomy are reported. They were selected for transsternal re-exploration from a series of 95 patients who had previously undergone transcervical thymectomy because of myasthenia gravis (MG). A specific method for pre-operative detection of remnants of the non-tumorous thymic gland is lacking, but the applied clinical selection criteria were so far reliable: generalized, disabling, fluctuating MG despite cholinesterase inhibitor and/or immunosuppressive treatment, and no or inconsistent improvement after transcervical thymectomy. At transsternal re-exploration the commonest findings were intact lower thymic lobes with persistent venous drainage into the brachiocephalic vein. Presence of thymic tissue was histologically confirmed in all the excised specimens (weight range 10-60, mean 23 g), and the examination showed thymic hyperplasia in 18 cases, fatty involution of the gland in two, and a lympho-epithelial thymoma in one case. The re-operation was followed by objectively registrable improvement in all but one of the 20 patients during observation periods of 8-75 (mean 21) months. There was statistically significant reduction in disability scores (means 8.2-4.9) and in need for anticholinesterase medication (to 67% of pretreatment dose). Immunosuppression became unnecessary in 6 of 11 patients and could be reduced in 4 patients. The incidence of failure in transcervical thymectomy was alarmingly high (27%), and more re-operations are anticipated. Since the transcervical approach involves a high risk of incomplete thymectomy, its use should be abandoned. However, in most of the patients with re operation, subsequent progress has been sufficiently promising for advocacy of sternotomy whenever the clinical criteria of failure are fulfilled. PMID- 6528270 TI - Aortoventriculoplasty ad modum Konno. Experience with five cases. AB - We have performed Konno's aortoventriculoplasty in 5 children with congenital valvular aortic stenosis and extreme annular narrowing. There was one hospital death, unrelated to the surgical procedure per se. Bleeding from the stitch holes along the patches immediately after bypass was the sole problem associated with the Konno operation in our 4 surviving patients. Preclotting of the dacron patch or use of calf pericardium did not significantly influence this type of bleeding complication. Konno's aortoventriculoplasty permitted considerable enlargement of the original annular circumference and insertion of a size of prosthesis appropriate for adult life (at least 21 mm tissue diameter) in the 4 survivors. The results were still good 1 to 5 (mean 3) years after surgery. The Konno operation is a safe procedure, which widens the hypoplastic aortic annulus to a possible maximum, relieves most forms of ventricular outflow tract obstruction and maintains the prosthetic valve in anatomic sub-coronary position, so that a left ventricular apical-aortic conduit is not required. PMID- 6528271 TI - Toxicity of chlorhexidine irrigation in chronic postpneumonectomy empyema. AB - Three patients with chronic Staphylococcus aureus empyema following pneumonectomy were treated with continuous chlorhexidine (0.02%) irrigation of the cavity. The empyema became sterile, but after a few days symptoms of cerebral intoxication appeared in all three patients. The symptoms resolved when the treatment was discontinued. Use of continuous chlorhexidine irrigation treatment of large wounds and cavities is therefore to be discouraged. PMID- 6528272 TI - Reoperation for recurrent bronchogenic carcinoma. AB - From a total of 869 patients primarily operated on for bronchogenic carcinoma, nine underwent a second operation for recurrence of the tumour. The median interval between the operations was 16 months. In four patients the second operation consisted of resection of ipsilateral residual lung after primary segmental resection or lobectomy. One patient underwent contralateral pneumonectomy after primary segmental resection. In the four remaining cases a contralateral lobectomy or segmental resection was performed after primary lobectomy. Four of the nine patients are still alive but, after a short observation time, only two are tumour-free. On the basis of these findings we cannot recommend reoperation for bronchogenic carcinoma, except in very rare, individually selected cases. PMID- 6528273 TI - Primary pulmonary leiomyosarcoma. Review of the literature and report of a case. AB - In a review of the literature, 38 cases of pulmonary leiomyosarcoma were found. An additional case with highly progressive course is reported and the diagnostic and therapeutic possibilities are discussed. Prognostic signs are evaluated. The importance of radical surgery is emphasized. PMID- 6528274 TI - Microbial flora associated with pulmonary neoplasms. AB - The microbial flora associated with various tumors of the lung was studied in 19 patients. Biopsy specimens taken from the resected bronchus and from peripheral lung tissue at thoracotomy were cultured for aerobic and anaerobic microorganisms prior to administration of prophylactic antibiotics. Bacterial growth was obtained in bronchial and/or pulmonary biopsy culture in eight patients, with additional growth of fungi (Candida parapsilosis) in one of them. The microflora was of oropharyngeal origin, with streptococci and staphylococci predominating. The remaining 11 patients were culture-negative. The results of the study suggest that a prophylactic antibiotic regimen consisting of antistreptococcal and antistaphylococcal drugs is appropriate. PMID- 6528275 TI - Management of bronchopleural fistula following pneumonectomy. AB - Bronchopleural fistula developed in 28 (12.5%) of 225 pneumonectomies performed for pulmonary carcinoma of non-small cell types during a 10-year period. The incidence of fistula apparently decreased significantly when chromic catgut was replaced by Dexon for closure of the bronchial stump. The fistula presented as an emergency in nine cases and was subacute in 19. The overall mortality from bronchopleural fistula was 28.6%. Conservative treatment, i.e. bronchoscopic application of silver nitrate to destroy the epithelium in the bronchial stump and induce granulation, achieved closure of fistula in all the surviving patients. In the seven patients with sterile pleural cavity the pleura was not drained. The results justified our principle of conservative management when a bronchopleural fistula does not present as an emergency. In emergency situations, however, or if the pleural fluid is purulent, pleural drainage should be instituted. PMID- 6528276 TI - Primary malignant melanoma of the oesophagus. A case report. AB - A primary malignant melanoma of the oesophagus was surgically treated in a 71 year-old man. Maximally radical excision of the tumour was performed, with broad 'safety' margins and radical ablation of the para-oesophageal tissue at tumour level, without touching the tumour. When oesophagoscopy shows a tumour strongly suggestive of melanoma, confirmation should be made with fine-needle aspiration biopsy in preference to histologic biopsy, to avoid explosive spread of the tumour. PMID- 6528278 TI - Advisability of concomitant immediate surgery for perforation and underlying disease of the esophagus. AB - Since 1979 our policy for management of esophageal perforation has included correction of underlying esophageal disorder as part of the initial treatment in selected cases. A series of 23 patients is presented, of whom 3 were managed conservatively and 20 surgically. The overall mortality rate was 8.7%. Concomitant operation of underlying esophageal disease and perforation was done in eight cases within 12 hours of the perforation. These operations included emergency resection and esophagogastrostomy in five patients (4 with stenosis and 1 with cancer). A Heller myotomy was done in addition to suture repair in two patients with achalasia, and a Belsey Mark IV hernia repair was added to the esophageal suture closure in a patient with gastroesophageal reflux and hiatal hernia. A postoperative fistula healed spontaneously in one of the eight patients, and the early postoperative course was uncomplicated in the other seven. Simultaneous correction of underlying esophageal disease in patients with iatrogenic perforation of the esophagus seems to be safe when perforation is diagnosed at an early stage. Such a radical approach is clearly beneficial. PMID- 6528277 TI - Lower oesophageal diaphragm and achalasia in an adult. An unusual association. AB - An unusual case of congenital lower oesophageal diaphragm (web) associated with achalasia is described. An 18-year-old nulliparous girl presented with severe cachexia and aphagia following progressive dysphagia. A barium swallow demonstrated the achalasia, and the oesophageal diaphragm with a central pinhole opening was seen at endoscopy. Parenteral hyperalimentation was required for ten weeks prior to surgery. Circumferential excision of the oesophageal diaphragm in conjunction with Y-V advancement oesophagoplasty gave a good result. PMID- 6528280 TI - Principia of cancer therapy VIII. Role of D-penicillamine in the prevention of radiation pneumonitis and fibrosis: an experimental demonstration. PMID- 6528279 TI - Oesophageal obstruction due to saccular aneurysm of the distal thoracic aorta. AB - The second reported case and first successful treatment of oesophageal obstruction due to a saccular aneurysm of the distal thoracic aorta is described. The patient, a 69-year-old male, presented with severe dysphagia which was thought to be due either to achalasia or a tumour. Operation, however, revealed a large aneurysm at the level of the diaphragmatic hiatus which was compressing the oesophagus against the right crus. As the anatomy of the aneurysm was unknown and there was a significant risk of damage to the spinal arteries the oesophageal obstruction was treated by transposition of the oesophagus combined with an anti reflux repair. This has given an excellent clinical result and the aneurysm has remained unchanged over a period of eighteen months. PMID- 6528281 TI - A statistical method for differentiation of gray and white matter in computed tomography. PMID- 6528282 TI - Atrophy of gray and white matters in the brain during aging: a quantitative study with computed tomography. PMID- 6528283 TI - Results on life prolongation by cancer chemotherapy: comparison of the results of two surveys carried out seven years apart. PMID- 6528284 TI - Brain atrophy and mental deterioration. PMID- 6528285 TI - Preliminary crystallographic studies on bacterioferritin from Azotobacter vinelandii. AB - Bacterioferritin-cytochrome from Azotobacter vinelandii is an unusual protein containing haem groups as well as iron core like other ferritin. This paper reports the purification of bacterioferritin by affinity chromatography and the formation of brick-red crystals from a solution containing MgCl2. The crystals are optical isotropic with maximum dimensions of 0.4 X 0.4 X 0.1 mm3. The preliminary X-ray crystallographic studies have been performed. 1.5 degrees unscreened precession photographs show that the crystals of bacterioferritin belong to the cubic system, space group I432, with cell dimension 230 A. There are probably 8 molecules in one cubic unit cell and the molecule might have 32 symmetry. A molecular diameter of 115 A is derived from the packing of the molecules and a molecular weight of 826,000 is estimated for bacterioferritin. PMID- 6528286 TI - Physiological properties of the electro- and mechanoreceptors in catfish Ictalurus nebulosus. AB - Two kinds of afferents in the posterior lateral line nerve in catfish have been identified according to their functional properties: the electro- and mechanoreceptor afferents. The electroreceptor afferents are very sensitive to electric current in water. They do not respond to distant mechanical stimulation resulting from water dropping into the tank, but do respond to light pressing against the receptors with a glass rod. The mechanoreceptor afferents are very sensitive to distant mechanical events, but much less sensitive to electric current. PMID- 6528287 TI - Arsenic in Nova Scotian groundwater. AB - The concentration of total soluble inorganic arsenic (i.e. arsenate plus arsenite) was measured in duplicate well water samples of 94 residents in Halifax County, N.S. An ammonium pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate-methyl isobutyl ketone graphite-furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometric procedure and also an automated hydride-evolution electrothermal-atomisation atomic-absorption spectrophotometric method were used to monitor the arsenic level in the ground water supplies. Of the 94 samples analyzed, 66 samples (70%) exceeded the Canadian maximum acceptable drinking water guideline of 50 ng As/ml. PMID- 6528288 TI - [Concentration of stable zinc in human bones. Determination by x-ray fluorescence spectrography]. AB - Zinc has been analysed in bone samples taken from ribs and from vertebrae collected in the Paris region. X-ray fluorescence, with a detection limit of 30 ppm, has been applied to the bone ash. In the ash, the individual average concentration is 234 +/- 125 micrograms g-1 and is quite independent of age (p = 0.95 for one analysis). The vertebrae contain 14% more zinc than the ribs; the difference is significant at the 0.01 level. No difference between the sexes has been observed. An adult ingests on the average 20 mg Zn daily with his food intake. The inhaled amount is much less, approximately 9 micrograms. A skeleton contains on the average 520 mg Zn. PMID- 6528289 TI - The interpretation of human hair trace element concentrations. AB - Scalp hair samples collected from 86 Canadian elderly, non-institutionalized women (mean age 66.6 +/- 6.2 y) on two separate occasions ten weeks apart, were analyzed for Zn, Cu and Mn content. Fasting blood samples were also collected and serum Zn, Cu and albumin content determined. Median hair Zn, Cu and Mn and mean serum Zn and albumin concentrations were not significantly different at the pre- and post-study periods. Furthermore, hair Zn concentrations at the two sampling times were positively and significantly correlated as were hair Cu, hair Mn, serum Zn and serum albumin values. In contrast no significant correlation related the hair and serum Zn values and hair and serum Cu values at any time. The constancy of the hair Zn, Cu and Mn concentrations at the two sampling periods may reflect the homeostatic regulation which controls absorption and hence body trace element content. In addition, results indicate that, after careful laboratory washing, the effects of adventitious contamination on hair trace element content are small, and can be effectively ignored. PMID- 6528290 TI - Forces in the halo-vest apparatus. AB - A previous study by Koch and Nickel (1978) determined the changes in the distraction forces in the halo-vest during different activities. The present study determined the variations of forces in different directions between the halo and the vest also during different activities. Clip-on strain gauges were used to measure the strains in the bars, while an on-line computer system was used to compute the forces. Anterior-posterior forces were found to be comparable with vertical ones. These forces and the changes during a particular activity were caused by gravity forces of the head in activities involving a change in attitude; and vest distortion from changes in body shape, direct pushing from the lower abdomen, the arms and shoulders, or from supporting surfaces. Activities producing the highest force changes included bending forwards from a seated position and reaching over sideways while lying. Medial-lateral forces were small in comparison with vertical and anterior-posterior forces. Implications of the study were that pin-skull forces were multidirectional, and that certain improvements in design could be effected by accounting for the factors causing high forces and consequently cervical motion. PMID- 6528291 TI - An experimental study of different contrast media in the epidural space. AB - In the experimental study of different contrast media, metrizamide has been found to be very safe for epidurography as no clinical, radiologic, or histologic changes after epidural injection were seen. Next in order was meglumine iothalmate. However, sodium containing salts like sodium acetrazoate and sodium iothalmate were found to be very irritating to the nerve roots and the spinal cord and, therefore, should not be used for epidurographic studies. PMID- 6528292 TI - Burst fractures with neurologic deficits of the thoracolumbar-lumbar spine. Results of anterior decompression and stabilization with anterior instrumentation. AB - Twenty-seven burst fractures with neurologic deficits of the thoracolumbar-lumbar spine were treated with an one-stage anterior operation consisting of anterior decompression through vertebrectomy, realignment and stabilization with Zielke instrumentation (12 patients), and our new anterior instrumentation (15 patients). Only two disc spaces directly related to the injury were fused. No patient showed neurologic deterioration after surgery. All 26 patients with incomplete lesions improved postoperatively, with 19 of them entering the next Frankel subgroup. The newly designed anterior instrumentation afforded enough stability to enable early ambulation with alignment and solid fusion. PMID- 6528294 TI - Experimental study on changes of the spinal-evoked potential and circulatory dynamics following spinal cord compression and decompression. AB - In an attempt to elucidate the pathogenesis of spinal cord injury, the authors investigated the changes in spinal-evoked potential (SEP) and serial fluorescein angiography during compression and after decompression of the thoracolumbar cord in dogs. The degree of compression was correlated well with the changes in SEP during compression and after decompression. The findings of serial fluorescein angiography immediately after decompression indicated hyperemia and extravasation of the fluorescein dye, especially in the group weighted with 36 and 60 g. Poor filling of the arteries and veins with fluorescein dye, and prolongation of the regional circulation time were observed at between 30 and 120 minutes after decompression in the group weighted with 36 and 60 g. These findings suggest that secondary circulatory disturbance plays an important role in the pathogenesis of spinal cord injury. The relation between changes of SEP and the circulation are also discussed. PMID- 6528293 TI - The treatment of spinal fractures with Harrington compression rods and segmental sublaminar wiring. A dangerous combination. AB - The increasing use of more rigid internal fixation constructs for spinal fractures, especially in association with spinal cord injury, has led surgeons to combine sublaminar segmental wiring with Harrington instrumentation systems. Two clinical cases whose neurologic condition deteriorated postoperatively were shown to have sustained direct cord injury by the combination of Harrington compression rods with segmental sublaminar wiring. Myelographic and surgical evidence of hook protrusion into the spinal canal with direct cord injury is presented. Laboratory spine simulations duplicating the clinical situation did demonstrate that sublaminar wiring of the Harrington compression rod system caused the standard hooks to protrude dangerously into the spinal canal. Caution should be exercised not to combine Harrington compression rods with segmental sublaminar wiring. PMID- 6528295 TI - Identification of spinal cord pathways responsible for the peroneal-evoked response in the dog. AB - The question of whether the dorsal columns were primarily responsible for the conduction of the peroneal-evoked cortical somatosensory response was studied by making staged scalpel transections of the spinal cord at T6 in the anesthetized dog. Control evoked potentials were followed by sequential lesioning of the spinal cord, followed by 30 minutes of evaluation to determine the effect of the lesion. Although slight shifts in latency may have occurred following a particular cut, these were usually transient and recovered to control values, regardless of the order in which various quadrants were sectioned. To alter the peroneal-evoked cortical potential in the dog, at least three quadrants of the spinal cord must be damaged to cause consistent increases in latency or loss of potentials. These findings agree with other investigators' observations in the cat, monkey and human. PMID- 6528296 TI - Ureteral obstruction following the Dwyer procedure in a patient with an ileal loop urinary diversion. PMID- 6528297 TI - Cervical spondylolisthesis. A case report. PMID- 6528298 TI - Intradural dermoid cyst. A case report. AB - Intraspinal tumors must be included in the long list of differential diagnosis in the patient presenting with the low-back radicular pain syndrome. These tumors are classified easily by their relationship to the dura, and the type of compression readily discerned by myelography. Intradural dermoid cysts account for 1% of intraspinal tumor, but prompt, meticulous, surgical intervention may result in an excellent outcome. PMID- 6528299 TI - Rod bender for Luque instrumentation. PMID- 6528300 TI - Scoliogenic osteoblastoma of the posterior end of the rib. PMID- 6528301 TI - Lumbosacral radiography. PMID- 6528302 TI - The perils and promises of the health practice domain. AB - The domain of social work in the health field is recognized as prominent among the fields of practice. However, this accomplishment could generate problems in the relationship between the health field and the profession itself. An unfortunate outcome would be the over-determination of health (or illness) in the psychosocial definitions of problems. Owing to the effectiveness of the work done in health, it could blur its boundaries with other fields, and in so diminishing the notion of domain altogether, the profession could tilt toward a health rather than a social work identification. Definition of domain will require more than adherence to methods, skills and values; mastery of a well-defined field-specific knowledge base would appear to be the most significant distinguishing characteristic of this and other fields of practice. PMID- 6528303 TI - The concept of responsibility in a health model of social work. AB - The current lifestyle reform movement places a central emphasis on individuals' responsibility for their health status. Such focus provides a useful corrective for the traditional preoccupation with physician-centered techniques but it poses some difficulties as well. This paper analyzes the hidden consequences of holding people responsible for their health and suggests ways in which the concept of responsibility can be repatterned. This enhanced perspective is seen to be more compatible with a social work perspective which values human capacity for health and positive change. PMID- 6528304 TI - The use of theoretical constructs and research data to establish a base for clinical social work in health settings. AB - This article suggests a means for organizing a base for clinical social work practice in health settings. Membership, as a theoretical construct, is used to explore the essentials of social work, to explicate its key practice concepts, and to review characteristics of the health field. Selected findings from a secondary analysis of data from the New England Regional Survey of Social Work Practice are considered with reference to theory and essential concepts of health social work practice. Questions are raised and implications drawn for the practice of clinical social work in health settings and for education for that practice. PMID- 6528305 TI - The impact of illness on patients and families: social workers teach medical students. AB - An elective is described which teaches medical students the psychosocial components of illness. The course is taught by social work tutors who utilize their empathic and enabling skills to provide the students experiential and didactic instruction drawn from interviews with patients. Course content is exemplified by an in-depth description of material taught by a social worker assigned to the gynecology oncology service. A course evaluation is provided as well as the rationale for linking this elective with the medical school philosophy which stresses a biopsychosocial approach to clinical problems. The course structure derives directly from the day to day practice of hospital social work and thus lends itself to replication in a variety of health care settings. PMID- 6528306 TI - Social work and Alzheimer's disease: psychosocial management in the absence of medical cure. AB - Because the illness erodes and destroys an individual's humanness and personality, patients and families affected by Alzheimer's Disease have particularly critical needs for help with its psychosocial sequelae. This article develops a model of psychosocial management and details specific interventions to help patients and caregivers develop and maintain adaptations during the long course of the disease. PMID- 6528307 TI - The role of the social worker in the in-vitro fertilization program. AB - The role of the clinical social worker in the In-Vitro fertilization Program is to help provide patients with an environment that includes realistic expectation and emphasizes the emotional spectrum of euphoria, anxiety and dysphoria that can accompany the demanding protocol. The literature supports the need for counseling and supportive psychotherapy in the infertility clinic but has not dealt specifically with the psychological demands of In-Vitro fertilization. This paper addresses the emotional stress of in-vitro fertilization and emphasizes the role of social worker as counselor, educator and guide. PMID- 6528308 TI - Crisis intervention: a drop-in support group for cancer patients and their families. AB - Cancer today presents patients and their families with an on-going series of crises. A drop-in, open ended, professionally-run support group for cancer patients and their families is described as a means of crisis intervention for the mobilization and promotion of adaptive responses and movement away from maladaptive responses to the stresses of cancer. This model is important because it can be easily generalized. As oncology units develop throughout the country in community-hospital settings, there must be concurrent development of psychosocial support systems. PMID- 6528309 TI - The geriatric worker in a community-based out-patient geropsychiatry clinic: a conceptual model. AB - This paper describes the role of the geriatric worker as a member of the service provider team in a community-based geropsychiatry out-patient program using the bio-psycho-social model. Three major components are identified: the functional role, the affective role, and the community-integrative role. The contribution of the worker is shown to be significant in the attainment of the goal of outpatient geropsychiatry: that being the resocialization and maintenance of the elderly person with special needs in the community. PMID- 6528310 TI - Antiplatelet effect of capsaicin. AB - Capsaicin was found to be a potent inhibitor of platelet aggregation and release reaction. It inhibited the aggregation of rat platelet induced by collagen and thrombin, but only slightly reduced those of AA and A23187. The IC50 on collagen induced platelet aggregation was about 85 micrograms/ml. Less inhibition was observed in the aggregation of platelet-rich plasma. Increase of the calcium concentration could not overcome the inhibitory effect. Washing of the capsaicin pretreated platelets only partially reversed the inhibition. Capsaicin also inhibited ATP release induced by thrombin and A23187 in the presence of EDTA. MDA and TXB2 formation were markedly inhibited by capsaicin in platelets challenged by collagen, thrombin and A23187. In AA-stimulated platelets, MDA formation was slightly decreased and TXB2 formation was not affected. Capsaicin showed more marked inhibition in the presence of CP/CPK, indomethacin or a combination of both. Capsaicin reduced the hemolysis of RBCs induced by hydrogen peroxide or hypotonicity. It was concluded that capsaicin had some membrane stabilizing property and this might lead to the interference of the activation of phospholipase A2. PMID- 6528311 TI - The influence of cigarette smoke and treatment with contraceptive hormones on the fibrinolytic activity in the rat. AB - The fibrinolytic activity in the vessel wall (FAV), in plasma and in euglobulin solution (FAE) was determined in rats exposed to cigarette smoke in an inhalation chamber or treated with contraceptive hormones. In the smoke-exposed rats increased FAE and significantly decreased FAV were demonstrated. No effect on fibrinolysis was recorded in the hormone-treated rats, in which mean plasma levels of ethinylestradiol and d-norgestrel were 74 pg/ml and 0.17 ng/ml, respectively, six hours after the last subcutaneous administration. PMID- 6528312 TI - Chemical modification of cytoskeletal proteins of human blood platelets by diamide. AB - Incubation of human blood platelets with diamide (azo-dicarboxylic acid-bis dimethylamide, DIA) influences the aggregation behaviour considerably. Depending on concentration and incubation time DIA induces a reversible aggregation or brings about complete inhibition. The effect is reversible and may be due to the regeneration of reduced glutathione (GSH) which will be oxidized to GSSG by DIA. DIA causes disulfide-linked polymer formation of certain cytoskeletal proteins. At least three polymer families (Pa, Pb, Pc) with different molecular weights are formed depending on dosage and incubation time of DIA. The appearance of a double band in Pa correlates with reversible aggregation, the formation of Pc is always accompanied by a complete inhibition of aggregation. A disturbance of cytoskeleton-membrane interaction by polymer formation can be assumed. GSH serves as a reductant of disulfide-linked polymers whereby a direct link between the maintenance of SH/SS status of platelets and GSH can be established. PMID- 6528313 TI - In vitro synthesis of low molecular weight proteins in human platelets: absence of labelled release products. AB - Isolated human blood platelets incubated at 37 degrees C in vitro incorporated labelled amino acids into compounds which included some low molecular weight (less than 80KDa) proteins, as determined by autoradiography after sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) under reducing conditions. Non-dialysable plasma factor(s) inhibited both uptake and incorporation, which although unaffected by Actinomycin D, was inhibited partly by Chloramphenicol and almost completely by Puromycin and Cycloheximide, results which confirm that synthesis is directed by pre-existing mRNAs, some of which is mitochondrial. Assuming that the mRNA coding for proteins which are truly "platelet specific" must be present in megakaryocyte cytoplasm, we investigated the possibility that such RNA may be sufficiently stable for its translation to continue in platelets. Although leakage from platelet alpha-granules and cytoplasm during incubation was negligible and platelets retained their secretory potential we were unable to detect radiolabelled proteins in thrombin-released material after incubation. We conclude that either alpha-granule proteins are not synthesised in platelets or their megakaryocyte progenitors, or that their mRNAs become degraded by the time platelets reach the peripheral circulation. Alternatively, the mechanism which concentrates these proteins in granules does not function in circulating platelets. PMID- 6528314 TI - Urokinase antigen in plasma: age and sex dependent variations. PMID- 6528315 TI - Electrochemical activity determination of trypsin-like enzymes. IX. Factor X and Factor Xa in plasma and whole blood. PMID- 6528316 TI - [Congenital muscular dystrophy--its spectrum]. AB - Congenital muscular dystrophy is a relatively unknown primary myopathy with autosomal recessive inheritance. The literature on this entity is discussed and augmented with the authors' own experience. The prevalence of cerebral abnormalities in patients with this disorder is emphasized. PMID- 6528318 TI - [Referral: the meeting point between primary and secondary care]. AB - The growing number of referrals to specialists is a matter of concern to the Government and the 'health insurance collective' (ziekenfonds). In spite of all kinds of measures this increase in referrals continues, also in pediatrics. An effective policy to reverse this trend depends on an understanding of its causes. This paper goes into the mechanisms of supply and demand in health care and the roles of both G.P. and patient in the decision to refer. Parents worry about their children's symptoms. These worries are not always understood by their general practitioner and may lead to referrals in which not medical questions but the worries of the parents take a central place. In treatment at the Out-Patient Clinic consideration should be given not only to the questions, worries and doubts of the G.P., but also to those of the patient and above all the patient's parents. PMID- 6528317 TI - [Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome]. AB - Four children were found to have clinically significant obstructive sleepapnea. Hypertrophy of the nasopharyngeal lymphoid tissue, specifically the adenoid and tonsils causing obstructive sleepapnea in children, is a well defined clinical entity with nocturnal CO2 retention, retarded growth and impaired physical and psychological status. A small number of these children may develop pulmonary hypertension, cor pulmonale and ultimately death. Children with only moderately enlarged tonsils in association with neuromuscular hypotonia and anatomical defects may also develop this syndrome. Polysomnographic monitoring during natural sleep proved useful in confirming the diagnosis. All patients had improved after surgical relief of airway obstruction. The subjective impressions were documented by objective improvement: normalization of growth curves, ECG improvement of cor pulmonale and improvement of bloodgasses. Increased awareness of obstructive sleepapnea and examination of the sleeping patient and polysomnographic monitoring should result in earlier treatment and less morbidity for children with obstructive sleepapnea. PMID- 6528319 TI - [Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome; important in childhood also]. AB - In a cooperative, retrospective, study 120 children are reviewed with preexcitation pattern. 80 patients had tachycardias; 54 children were under 1 year, 49 under 3 months of age at their first attack. In 50% the preexcitation pattern disappeared in the first year of life, allthough intermittent preexcitation could be seen in some patients. In 12 patients a circusmovement tachycardia was proved on the surface ecg; in the group of 63 children with a tachycardia of unknown origin probably more may be caused by this mechanism. A beneficial effect of digoxin in childhood is noticed, with good response in 45 cases. A possible explanation for the difference in effect of digoxin during childhood and in adolescence is discussed. PMID- 6528321 TI - [Diagnosis of hereditary metabolic diseases using chromatographic technics]. AB - Owing to improved analytical techniques early recognition has been possible in an increasing number of inborn diseases during recent years. Chromatographic techniques applied in the detection of these diseases include thin layer chromatography, (high pressure) liquid chromatography, gaschromatography and gaschromatography combined with mass spectrometry. This article describes recent advances in the chromatographic methods used in the detection of these diseases and speculates about future development. PMID- 6528320 TI - [Diagnosis of Zellweger's cerebrohepatorenal syndrome]. AB - The cerebro-hepato-renal syndrome of Zellweger is an autosomal recessive inborn error of metabolism. Clinically the disease is characterised by craniofacial malformations, a lack of muscle tone, disturbances in liver function, renal cysts and mental retardation. The disease is characterised biochemically by the absence of peroxisomes (microbodies) in liver and kidney and variable abnormalities in mitochondria. This results in elevated concentrations of pipecolic acid and of tri(di)hydroxycoprostanoic acid in urine, CSF and/or duodenal fluid, an elevation of the concentration of very long chain (greater than C22) fatty acids in plasma and fibroblasts and a deficiency of plasmalogens in tissues, erythrocytes and fibroblasts. Moreover, we recently found that in Zellweger patients the activity of dihydroxyacetone phosphate acyltransferase is deficient in tissues, fibroblasts and cultured amniotic fluid cells and that the incorporation of a radioactive precursor of plasmalogens into phospholipids is impaired in fibroblasts and amniocytes. These recent findings allow specific prenatal and postnatal diagnosis of this disease. PMID- 6528322 TI - [Causes of congenital hypothyroidism. The Thyroid Study Group]. AB - Congenital hypothyroidism (CHT) covers a heterogeneous group of disorders. In order to describe the causes of this group of diseases, we develop and make use of new methods. In this way we are able to give better genetic and therapeutic advices. These methods include ultrasonography, measurement of the urinary excretion of iodinated material and of thyroglobulin (Tg) and abnormal iodoprotein concentrations in serum. We studied about one third (63 children) of the hypothyroid newborns in the Dutch national screening program (1981-1984). 39% of the disorders was caused by thyroid dysgenesis, 41% by inborn errors of the thyroid gland metabolism (16% Tg synthesis disorders), 6% by iodine deficiency and 14% by amniofoetography. With the aid of polymorphisms in and around the Tg gene we investigate the mode of inheritance of Tg-synthesis disorders. Moreover we study possibilities for prenatal diagnosis, with the aim to treat newborns directly after or if possible before birth. PMID- 6528323 TI - [Segmental aplasia of the uterus in a cow of the "German Black Pied" breed (brief clinical report)]. AB - A case of segmental aplasia of the uterus in a 3 1/2 year old cow of the German Black Pied breed that was delivered into the clinic one year after first calving because of fertility problems is described. A segmental aplasia of the right uterine horn, near to the uterine body, was determined. The blind cranial end of the affected horn was distended and tightly filled with a brownish, slightly viscous secrete. PMID- 6528324 TI - [A contribution on splenectomy in swine]. AB - Splenectomy as a diagnostic operation has gained great importance for discovering latent infection with Eperythrozoon suis. The surgical technique is described. A specially developed thread ligature guide for the ligature of the A. and V. lienalis at the dorsal pole of the spleen is presented, that allows exact setting of the ligature. For maintaining deep anaesthesia the hypnotic Etomidat is applicated by permanent infusion. PMID- 6528325 TI - [Occurrence and control of psittacosis/ornithosis in West Germany]. AB - Avian chlamydiosis remains to be an important, in birds widely spread zoonosis. In the past 15 years in the Federal Republic of Germany 6133 cases in birds or aviaries officially were recorded, 88% in aviaries consisting of psittacines, 9% in pigeons and 3% in other bird species. Among all bird species psittacines are of greatest importance for human health. Therefore, public health control measures must concentrate on these species. For this purpose the longterm treatment with tetracyclines in feed or by intramuscular injection has proved effective since chlamydial agents perfectly can be eliminated. But control of psittacosis by medication in the hands of laymen is problematical. Effectivity of medication depends on proper and careful performance. Therefore, if treatment is necessary due to state regulations, strict surveillance, including measuring of antibiotic levels in blood, by experienced veterinary public health personnel is mandatory. PMID- 6528326 TI - [Secondary amyloidosis in white Peking ducks]. AB - In a research institute numerous cases of amyloidosis were observed in 12 of 70 white Peking ducks kept in cages with wire bottoms. All 12 ducks also suffered from chronic inflammed alterations in the sole of foot zone (bumble-foot). A second flock of 40 white Peking ducks supplied with equivalent feed but kept outdoors showed neither signs of bumble foot nor amyloidosis. Likewise, after the healing of the bumble feet per adjustment of the wire bottoms (installing a wider footing area) no new cases of amyloidosis were noticed among the ducks kept in cages. Histologically deposits of amyloid were found in the liver, which was highly affected, the kidney, spleen, stomach, small and large intestines as well as pancreas. The fact that amyloidosis only appeared under certain circumstances indicates the presence of a secondary form of this illness. PMID- 6528327 TI - [Aspergillus oryzae as a cause of keratomycosis in the horse]. AB - A case of a spontaneous mycokeratitis of a previously injured cornea in a horse is described. The infection was caused by Aspergillus oryzae. After application of Chloramphenicol ophthalmic ointment a corneal clouding was found in the centre which was circularly sharply defined and which - after dispensing Dexamethason Neomycin eye drops - expanded all over to a purulent keratitis. The demarcated and initially non purulent mycotic lesions largely improved after the application of tincture of iodine, whereas the purulent keratitis could be completely cured only by a lasting treatment with Lugol's solution. PMID- 6528328 TI - [Nutrition and skin diseases in the horse]. AB - Skin diseases of the horse can be produced or enhanced through nutrient deficiency, intestinal formation of detrimental substances, photosensitizing compounds and by intake of allergenes. An exact case history regarding feeding is useful for evaluation of every skin abnormality. PMID- 6528329 TI - [Parameters for the evaluation of endurance capacity in horses]. AB - The incremental three work loads test as a basis test, and the one work load test, in which one measures the heart rate and the serum lactic acid concentration, lead to the performance index values V4 and V150. These values are of great practical importance in judging the performance capacity, the ability to be trained, the trainings effectivity, and determining the optimal work load for interval training. PMID- 6528330 TI - [Possibilities for reducing radiation exposure during radiography of small animals]. AB - Veterinarians may suffer from chronic radiation injuries if exposed consistently to small doses of x-rays over a long period of years. Such injuries can positively be avoided by using accurate techniques. This paper makes suggestions how veterinary radiologists can reduce the radiation exposure by following very simple precautions. PMID- 6528331 TI - [Killing of fur animals in farms]. PMID- 6528332 TI - Effects of high-K low-Na, diltiazem, caffeine and Ba on spontaneous fluctuating contractile activities in rat cardiac muscle. AB - The effects of 1) high-K low-Na, 2) caffeine, 3) diltiazem and 4) Ba on spontaneous fluctuating contractile activity were examined in isolated rat trabecular muscles. Intracellular contractile activity was recorded by means of light intensity fluctuation at a point on a magnified image of the muscle illuminated by laser light. Perfusion with a high-K (124 mM) low-Na (25 mM) solution increased the root mean square (RMS) values of the light intensity fluctuations. Perfusion with the normal solution after this perturbation decreased the RMS values below those in the initial control. Caffeine (above 2.5 mM) markedly decreased the RMS values. Diltiazem (0.1 mM or 1 mM) did not change the RMS values. Ba (2.0 mM) without Ca reduced the RMS values. These observations suggest that the spontaneous fluctuating contractile activity is due to oscillating movements of Ca between contractile machinery and sarcoplasmic reticulum, and that Na/Ca exchange modulates these movements but Ca current through the slow channel does not influence these movements during resting periods. PMID- 6528333 TI - Measurement of brain atrophy of aging using X-ray computed tomography: sex difference in 1045 normal cases. AB - We measured brain volume of 1,045 subjects with no brain damage using x-ray computed tomography and investigated brain atrophy of aging. Severity of brain atrophy was estimated by brain atrophy index (BAI): BAI (%) = 100 (%) X (cerebrospinal fluid space volume/cranial cavity volume). Atrophy of the brain began with statistical significance in the forties in both sexes. In males 40-49 years of age the mean BAI was 1.0% greater (p less than 0.001) and the S.D. of BAI was 1.1% greater (p less than 0.001) than those in their thirties. In females of 40-49 years the mean BAI was 0.5% greater (p less than 0.001) than that in their thirties, but there was no statistical significance between the two S.D.'s of both decades. The BAI increased exponentially with the increasing age from thirties in both sexes. Correlation coefficients were 0.702 (p less than 0.001, n = 471) in males and 0.721 (p less than 0.001, n = 480) in females. From the regression coefficients it was calculated that the BAI was doubled in 19.4 years in males and 17.4 years in females after thirties. PMID- 6528334 TI - Brain atrophy and cerebral infarction. AB - The subjects of the study (109 males, 48 females) were all diagnosed to have cerebral infarction by computerized tomography (CT). The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) space volume and cranial cavity volume in the normal hemisphere of the patients were estimated using CT at the time from 1 to 3 weeks after the attack of cerebral infarction. The percentage of the CSF space volume to the cranial cavity volume was calculated as an indicator for brain atrophy and called brain atrophy index (BAI): BAI (%) = 100(%) X (CSF space volume/cranial cavity volume). The BAI immediately after the attack of infarction (6.6 +/- 2.2, n = 15), during which no detectable change occurred on CT examination, was the same as the BAI at the time from 1 to 332 days after the attack (6.6 +/- 2.4, n = 20). Therefore we compared the BAI in patients without infarction with the BAI in patients with infarction irrespective of secondary atrophy of the brain after the attack. The BAIs in males with infarction were significantly greater than the BAIs in males without infarction in the age of fifties, sixties and seventies. The BAIs in females with infarction were significantly greater than in females without infarction in the age of fifties, sixties and eighties. PMID- 6528335 TI - Role of lipid A in the production of tumor necrosis factor and differences in antitumor activity between tumor necrosis factor and lipopolysaccharide. AB - The role of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the production of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) was examined. Alkaline treatment of LPS greatly reduced the TNF-producing activity of LPS, but TNF was produced when a large amount was injected. Free lipid A and lipid A-mouse serum albumin complex, which were prepared from the acid hydrolyzate, effectively induced TNF. However, the polysaccharide-rich fraction of the acid hydrolyzate was not capable of inducing TNF. Preincubation of LPS with polymixin B largely abrogated the TNF-producing activity of LPS. The differences in antitumor activity between TNF and LPS were also tested. TNF has a direct cytotoxicity against cancer cells in vitro but LPS does not. The activity of TNF was not inhibited by preincubation with polymixin B. Tumor necrosis in vivo was inhibited by preincubation of LPS with polymixin B but not by that of TNF. Galactosamine was found to induce susceptibility to the lethal effects of LPS, but did not influence the action of TNF. Lipid A is largely responsible for the TNF-inducing activity of LPS, but is not essential for the antitumor activity of TNF. PMID- 6528336 TI - Virological classification of autopsy livers with hepatic disorders. AB - Forty six selected autopsy livers with hepatic disorders were classified histologically into three groups, i.e., hepatitis 8, liver cirrhosis 16 and hepatocellular carcinoma 22, chiefly by histological findings. These groups were subdivided into two categories after determining the presence or absence of three HBV associated markers, i.e., the hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), the antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen (anti-HBs) and the antibody to hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc) in the sera and liver homogenates. At least one of these markers was found to be present in the sera and homogenates of 38% of the livers with hepatitis, 69% of the livers with liver cirrhosis and 77% of the livers with hepatocellular carcinoma. When the liver tissues were examined for the presence of HBV DNA using Southern blot technique, the majority of them (10 out of 11) which proved to be positive for at least one HBV associated marker were also positive for HBV DNA. However, HBV DNA could not be detected in the other 10 livers which contained no HBV associated markers. These results showed that a HBV associated serological marker was always expressed, when liver tissue HBV DNA was demonstrable. The results of the two detection methods we used in this study were found to be almost equivalent. These results showed no evidence of nucleic acid homology between DNA from the liver of patients with non-B type liver disorders and HBV DNA. PMID- 6528337 TI - Radiation therapy of carcinoma in the rectum and sigmoid colon. AB - Radiation therapy combined with some anti-cancer drugs was performed in a total of 79 patients with carcinoma of the rectum and sigmoid colon, consisting of 41 primary, 25 recurrent and 13 postoperatively irradiated ones. Relief of subjective symptoms was observed in 50% or more of primary and recurrent patients. Radiation response of tumor was marked in 23 (56%) of primary ones. Five-year survival rate was 21% in the primary patients without any remote metastasis, 11% in the recurrent and 27% in the postoperatively irradiated. It was concluded that this combination therapy might be valuable for getting a cure in the primary patients with radioresponsive tumor (T1-T4: M0) and the patients with localized residual lesion, and for good palliation in the patients with far advanced and recurrent carcinoma. PMID- 6528338 TI - Enhanced prolactin secretion in patients with primary hypothyroidism during thyroid replacement. AB - Thyroid hormones are known to exert some influence on prolactin (PRL) secretion indirectly via the hypothalamic dopaminergic system and directly at the level of pituitary gland. In order to study the effect of thyroid hormones on the activity of hypothalamic dopamine neurons, lactotrophs and thyrotrophs, we administered increasing doses of thyroid hormones to patients with primary hypothyroidism, and examined the changes of basal PRL, TSH and PRL responses to a dopamine receptor blocker (sulpiride). Among 24 patients with primary hypothyroidism, hyperprolactinemia was observed in 10 cases (18.0-236 ng/ml, mean +/- S.E. 58.6 +/- 20.0 ng/ml), while elevated TSH levels were observed in all of them (6.6-972 microU/ml, mean +/- S.E. 231.4 +/- 53.9 microU/ml). There was a significant negative relationship between plasma T3 or T4 levels and basal plasma TSH levels (p less than 0.05), whereas a poor correlation was observed between the thyroid hormones and basal plasma PRL levels (r = -0.25, p greater than 0.05). Following the administration of gradually increasing doses of thyroid hormones, plasma PRL showed paradoxical and transient increases, while plasma TSH decreased steadily. Plasma PRL response to sulpiride also became exaggerated during the treatment. The elevated basal PRL level and the enhanced response to sulpiride turned to be within the normal range when the patients became euthyroid by treatment. These results may indicate that thyroid hormones stimulate not only hypothalamic dopaminergic activity, but also the lactotroph activity in a long term hypothyroid state. Regarding the paradoxical elevation of basal PRL, one can postulate that the activation of lactotroph by a small dose of thyroid hormone may be able to overcome the hypothalamic dopaminergic inhibition. PMID- 6528339 TI - The effect of increased gastrin release on lower esophageal sphincter pressure. AB - The present study was performed to induce release of endogenous gastrin from the chronic isolated antrum, and to note the effect of endogenous gastrin on lower esophageal sphincter pressure (LESP). Fifteen mongrel dogs weighing 15-20 kg were divided into 3 groups by the type of operation: 5 dogs with antral excision and B II gastrojejunostomy (Group I); 5 dogs with a denervated antral pouch and B-II (Group II); and 5 dogs with an innervated antral pouch and B-II (Group III). Fasting serum gastrin levels (SGL) and LESP were determined preoperatively (basal) and at 2 and 4 weeks postoperatively. SGL was measured by radioimmunoassay using an antibody to human gastrin I. LESP was determined by pullthrough technique using an assembly of 3 polyvinyl tubes perfused with water at 0.6 ml/min and connected to external transducers. The mean SGL at 2 and 4 weeks after operation in Group I and in Group II were not significantly different from basal SGL. The SGL rose significantly at 2 weeks and 4 weeks in Group III (p less than 0.05). The mean LESP at 2 and 4 weeks did not significantly change from the basal LESP in Group I, Group II and Group III. The present data show that increased endogenous gastrin was produced only in the presence of an innervated antral pouch, and the increased gastrin level, however, did not affect LESP. PMID- 6528340 TI - Clinical value of serum guanase in alcoholic liver disease. PMID- 6528341 TI - Foot pad reaction against syngeneic tumor cells. PMID- 6528343 TI - Lethality of suicide attempt rating scale. AB - An 11-point (0-10) scale for measuring the degree of lethality of suicide attempts is presented. The scale has nine example "anchors" and uses the relative lethality of an extensive table of drugs. The psychometric studies show the scale to be of at least equal-interval, possibly even ratio measurement level. The equal-interval quality allows suicidal behaviors to be specified in numeric relationship to each other relieving us of the burden of using unquantified labels such as "mild," "moderate," and "serious." Having a standardized, commonly used reference scale should greatly facilitate our research and clinical efforts to communicate our findings. The scale can be used reliably by nonmedical personnel with no prior training. PMID- 6528344 TI - Vocabularies of motive and suicide. AB - This paper presents a brief review of the vocabulary of motives tradition in sociology and argues for its applicability to the study of suicidal motivation. A comparison of motive statements in the notes of suicides and motive statements elicited from a nonsuicidal group reveals a measure of motive standardization. The findings promote viewing suicide motives as social constructions learned in interaction which permit the individual and others to assign meaning and acceptability to the suicidal act. PMID- 6528342 TI - A technique for obtaining replicas of small tubular systems by microinjection of vinyl acetate. AB - A microtechnique has been devised for replicating tubular systems of small organisms. In this case, the reproductive system of a small marine snail was replicated by inserting a micropipette through the gonopore and filling the genital ducts with vinyl acetate from a flow-controlled syringe. Subsequently the tissue was dissolved and the model was photographed. The technique could be adapted to a variety of different systems, particularly small invertebrates such as insects, annelids and molluscs. PMID- 6528345 TI - Occupational status and suicide. AB - The relationship between occupational status and suicide was examined using data from Sacramento County, California. Data were obtained from coroner's records filed routinely on all cases of sudden, violent, or unexpected death since 1925. Occupation- and age-specific suicide rates were calculated for males and age adjusted for overall comparison for the decades 1945-1954, 1955-1964, and 1965 1974. Findings show an inverse relationship between occupational status and suicide for all age groups over the past 30 years. Over time, male suicide rates have increased particularly for employed males over 65, employed males aged 14 to 24, and males in low-status occupations. General economic insecurity among workers of low socioeconomic status (SES), particularly the elderly, is suggested as a contributing factor to these trends. PMID- 6528346 TI - A cross-validation of Paulson's discriminant function-derived scales for identifying "at risk" child-abusive parents. AB - Paulson, Afifi, Chaleff, Liu, & Thomason (1975) developed a series of special subscales from the MMPI for identifying individuals who are at risk for child abusive behavior. The initial results were highly encouraging, with the scales correctly identifying 93 to 100% of the subjects in their sample. Unfortunately, Paulson et al. (1975) failed to cross-validate their findings before publication. When the six scales were cross-validated on an independent sample from the population of child-abusing parents, significant shrinkage in the accuracy of prediction was found. The use of the special subscales for identifying "at risk" parents in prenatal clinics, pediatric clinics, pediatric clinics and mental health centers as originally suggested by Paulson and his colleagues is seriously questioned. PMID- 6528348 TI - A time of hurt and confusion. PMID- 6528347 TI - A predictive approach to Freud's formulations regarding suicide. AB - This study of suicide notes involved the deduction of 25 protocol sentences that reflected important specific aspects of Freud's formulations regarding suicide. Independent judges noted the incidence of contents corresponding to the protocol sentences in 33 genuine and 33 simulated notes. Comparisons between genuine and simulated notes revealed that the protocol sentences discriminated significantly as a set in favor of the genuine notes. Individual statements found significantly more frequently in genuine notes indicated loss and/or rejection, preoccupation with a lost person, ambivalence toward a lost person, identification with a lost person, communicating feelings of anger toward oneself but appearing to be angry toward someone else, turning back upon oneself murderous wishes or impulses, and seeing the act as a fulfillment of self-punishment. A frequency count of the sentences in the notes indicated that these statements occurred quite frequently (i.e., at least one-third of the time) in the genuine notes. Implications of the results are discussed. PMID- 6528349 TI - A realistic approach towards containment of the hepatitis B virus reservoir. PMID- 6528350 TI - Early gastric carcinoma; analysis of its growth patterns. PMID- 6528352 TI - Organisation of effective communication for better health in India: a case for departments of health education in medical schools. PMID- 6528351 TI - Proliferative response of splenic lymphocytes in experimental hepatic amoebiasis. PMID- 6528353 TI - Studies on circadian periodicity of plasma, breast milk and urinary calcium in lactating Indian women. AB - Circadian periodicity of plasma, breast milk and urinary calcium was studied in six lactating Indian women. Peak plasma calcium was recorded at 2000 with a progressive decline during the rest of the period reaching a minimum at 0800. Breast milk calcium was found to be maximum at 0200 and decreased consistently reaching a minimum at 2000. Maximum urinary calcium was observed at 0600 to 1200 with a minimum excretion at 1800 to 0000. A marked circadian variation during the 24 hour period was noticed in plasma, breast milk and urinary calcium confirming a definite rhythm of endogenous body calcium in lactating Indian women. Thus, there we found significant diurnal rhythm in body calcium at all levels and each of them might be initiating the other rhythm, partly governed by the day-night cycle in tropical conditions. PMID- 6528355 TI - Outpatient treatment of fissure-in-ano. AB - A review of 86 cases of fissure-in-ano as seen in Ife is presented. The method of management is described and compared with other conservative methods of treatment. The results show a complete healing of the condition within two weeks as compared with four to six weeks recorded in other series. Healing was confirmed by a complete resolution of symptoms together with re-epithelisation of the fissure on inspection at proctoscopy. It is suggested that the described surgical management is simple, fast, cost reducing and time saving in the treatment of fissure-in-ano. It is further envisaged that this procedure may also serve as a means of relief to our already congested hospitals. PMID- 6528354 TI - Hyperuricaemia in sickle cell disease. AB - The serum uric acid level of 69 children below the age of 11 years with homozygous sickle cell disease was determined by the uricase method. The values were compared with those seen in normal children in the same age group who were used as a control. A statistically significant difference was seen in their mean values; 28% of children with sickle cell disease exceeded the upper normal limit of the control group. The implications of the comparatively high uric acid levels are discussed. PMID- 6528356 TI - The incidence of contralateral patent processus vaginalis in unilateral inguinal hernia in Nigerian children. AB - A prospective study was carried out to determine the incidence of contralateral patent processus vaginalis in unilateral inguinal hernia in Nigerian children. Over a 5-year period (1977-1981), all children under 8 years of age with unilateral inguinal hernia underwent planned bilateral groin exploration. The highest frequency was recorded in the under 1 year age group (39%); there was a steady decline with age: at 2 years 22% and beyond 2 years of age it levelled out to 17%. Beyond the age of 5 years, contralateral groin exploration was negative. The frequency in Nigerian children is lower than in their Caucasian counterparts; this may be due to genetic and/or environmental factors. PMID- 6528357 TI - Water quality and water quantity and wasting in south India. AB - Bacteriological quality, quantity and availability of water are generally considered the important water supply characteristics in terms of human health. The present study shows that for children 18 months old and younger water quality is a relatively more important determinant of wasting than other attributes of water supply. For children 19 to 36 months of age, quality of the water is slightly less important than quantity of water stored in the house. PMID- 6528358 TI - [Nuclear ultrastructure of the oocytes from human antral follicles. Formation of the karyosphere]. AB - The organization of the nucleus in the oocytes from human antral follicles was examined at the electron microscopic level. At this time all the chromosomes are aggregated around an inactivated nucleolus forming a karyosphere 5-7 micron in diameter. The nucleolus bears no granular component and consists of densely packed delicate fibrillar material. The peripheral zone resembling a ring 0.5 micron thick is separated in the nucleolus. Nucleolus-like bodies (NLB), consisting of granules 20 nm in diameter embedded in finely fibrillar material, are constantly observed in contact with the chromatin. The eventually formed karyosphere is a complex of intimately interconnecting structures--the nucleolus, chromosomes and NLB. However, the chromatin surrounding the nucleolus does not form a continuous (compact) mass as it is observed at the light microscopic level. It is determined that the human karyosphere is formed during the preovulatory period when the connection between oocyte and follicular cells of cumulus oophorus is lost. The duration of karyosphere existence in the human oocytes, and relation of the karyosphere to the processes of antral follicle atresia are discussed. PMID- 6528359 TI - [Mathematical modelling of the kinetics of a heterogeneous cell population during tumor growth. I. Analytical study]. AB - A three-compartmental mathematical model of the heterogeneous cell population cinetics in the process of tumor increase in considered. Problems of determination of single points of the system and its dynamics are solved from the supposition of a non-linear character of the changeable process between the fractions of proliferating and nonproliferating cells. PMID- 6528360 TI - [Calculation of Steel's cell loss factor and of the cellular kinetic parameters for a population with an exponential growth of the cell number and an equal probability of cell death in all phases of the life cycle]. AB - A method of calculation of parameter m (equal to a doubled probability of birth of cells which did not pass into phase G0 from the mitotic cycle) and of the proliferative pool was shown to be the same for the exponential growth phase of cell population with the equal probability of cell death (lambda = const) at all phases of the life cycle (the Steel model of type E), and for the case "lambda = 0" (the Steel model of type B). The method is proposed for the calculation of parameter lambda and of the Steel cell lose factor phi = lambda/[lambda + [ln 2)/tD)]. It is noted that the value of parameter phi for the type E model can be estimated by the Steel formula: phi congruent to 1-tDpot/tD--where tD is the doubling time of the cell number, and tDpot = tcln 2/ln m. Here tc is the mean mitotic cycle duration. PMID- 6528361 TI - [Capacity for differentiation and normalization of tumor cell populations transplanted into the anterior chamber. IV. Ehrlich ascites carcinoma]. AB - The activity of LDH M- and H-forms, nuclear DNA contents and of genome mutation rates in the Ehrlich ascitic carcinoma cells were studied after transplantation to the intraperitoneal cavity, subcutaneous connective tissue (SCT) and the eye anterior chamber (EAC). SCT and EAC cultivations demonstrate the increase of M- to H-forms activity ratio due to a lesser H-form activity; so, LDH profiles appear to be associated with such a spontaneously highly differentiated adenocarcinoma of murine breast cancer. SCT and EAC cultivation leads also to changes in the karyotypic structure of cell population--there are no polyploid cells (DNA content is more than 4c). It may result from a sharp fall in genome mutation rates in the Ehrlich ascitic carcinoma clones following EAC proliferation which appears 47 times lower than those during lung proliferation. The data obtained favor a hypothesis that the increase in differentiation level and decrease in tumorigenety of cancer cells during EAC proliferation may be due to selection of the near-diploid cells and to the reduction in genome mutation rates, which in the whole results in decreasing genotypic and epigenotypic variability in tumor cell populations. PMID- 6528362 TI - [Sorption of sulfophthaleinic dyes by the brain synaptosomes of rats deprived of parodoxical sleep]. AB - The influence of paradoxical sleep deprivation on sorption of bromphenol blue, bromcresol green and bromthymol blue by rat's brain synaptosomes was studied. Effect of sleep disturbance (increase in the number of dye bindings) was shown to augment with the increase in hydrophobicity of the sulfophtaleinic dye. PMID- 6528363 TI - [Biophysical mechanisms and kinetics of thrombocyte aggregation]. AB - The basic stages of platelet interaction and their relationship with kinetics of aggregation are considered. The aggregation is expressed theoretically as adsorbtion of stimulated platelets on the agglutinative surface, including surfaces of single cells and all aggregates that are formed. It is also suggested that the inductor determines the number of activated cells, and that cofactors of aggregation increase the reactivable surface aggregating platelets as a result of interaction with receptors of the platelet membrane. Equations are deduced for describing the dependence of aggregation kinetics from the concentration of inductor and cofactor of aggregation. A method is proposed for determination of binding parameters of inductor and aggregation cofactors with cell membranes by kinetic curves of aggregation. PMID- 6528364 TI - [Residual structures revealed after the action of staphylococcal nuclease on decondensed metaphase chromosomes]. AB - The isolated Chinese hamster metaphase chromosomes were decondensed in 0.6 M NaCl solution and digested by staphylococcal nuclease on electron microscope grids. The residual structures as seen in electron microscope as isolated aggregates scattered over the entire area occupied by the chromosome. Prior to digestion, the material in the chromosome did not form presumably an integral protein structure similar to a scaffold. PMID- 6528365 TI - [Effect of energy metabolism inhibitors on the morphometric parameters and 3 dimensional structure of L-cell mitochondria]. AB - It has been shown by stereological analysis that the earlier discovered changes in the structure of mitochondria in cyanide treated L-cells (decrease in numerical density of mitochondria, increase in volume density of mitochondria, and surface density of mitochondrial membranes) are prevented by oligomycin, and they do not occur in the presence of oligomycin and protonophorous uncoupler carbonylcyanide m-chlorphenyl hydrazone applied separately. Proceeding from three dimension reconstructed mitochondrial models it has been shown that cyanide treatment of L-cells for 23 hours causes a transformation of mitochondria as discrete column-like structures into a network of mitochondrial reticulum oriented from the nucleus to the periphery of the cell. After the treatment of L cells with cyanide together with oligomycin, or with oligomycin and protonophore applied separately, the mitochondria retain the structure of discrete column-like for mations characteristic of the control cells. It is assumed that the functioning ATP-system is a physiological prerequisite of the formation of mitochondrial reticulum under conditions of the inhibited respiratory energy metabolism in the cell. PMID- 6528367 TI - [Decreased rate of uridine and glycerin uptake in L cells resistant to ethidium bromide]. AB - A comparison was made among rates of uptake of 3H-uridine, 3H-glycerol and 3H-D xylose into mouse fibroblasts of line L sensitive to ethidium bromide (EB), and into EB-resistant cells obtained from this line by selection. Constants of uridine transport and phosphorylation were determined. For EB sensitive L cells Kt was 162 +/- 27 microM, Vt was 7.5 +/- 0.7 microM/sec. For EB resistant cells Kt was 178 +/- 27 microM, and Vt was 4.6 +/- 0.2 microM/sec. Thus, the transport rate of uridine in resistant cells was twice lower than in EB sensitive cells. The rate of uridine phosphorilation in EB resistant cells was by three times lower than in EB sensitive ones. The uptake of glycerol into resistant cells was also lowered. There was no difference in transport of 3H-D-xylose between sensitive and resistant cells. The data obtained may suggest some changes in plasma membrane in the EB resistant cells. PMID- 6528366 TI - [DNA synthesis in the nuclei of resting and proliferating cells of the NIH 3T3 line in monokaryons, homo- and heterodikaryons]. AB - Serum-deprived (0.5%) resting NIH 3T3 mouse fibroblasts were fused with stimulated cells taken at 2 hour intervals after changing the medium to the one containing 10% serum, and DNA synthesis was investigated in monokaryons, homodikaryons, and heterodikaryous using radioautography with double-labeling technique. The presence of the resting nucleus in the common cytoplasm has an inhibitory effect on the entry of the stimulated nucleus into the S period in the medium containing either 0.5 or 10% serum, but DNA synthesis continues. After a 24 hour stay in the common cytoplasm with resting nuclei the stimulated nuclei return into the state of rest. When resting cells are stimulated by 10% serum, their inhibitory effect on stimulated nuclei in heterodikaryons still persists for at least 2 hours following stimulation. Preincubation of resting cells with cycloheximide for 4 hours abolishes their ability to suppress DNA synthesis in stimulated nuclei. The data suggest that the resting cells produce an endogenous inhibitor of cell proliferation whose formation depends upon the synthesis of protein(s). When stimulated, cell can proliferate only upon decreasing the level of this inhibitor. The obtained results are consistent with the idea of a negative control of cell proliferation. PMID- 6528368 TI - [Complex study of the oxidative metabolism of peritoneal macrophages attached to glass]. AB - A method of obtaining a peritoneal macrophage enriched population on a slide in a special chamber has been worked out and tested. It has been shown that such cells keep specific morphological and functional peculiarities, including the ability to phagocytosis. They are in active state and can be utilized for studying the biological oxidation processes. A relative activity of oxidative metabolism of key enzymes has been evaluated. The possibility of studying the respiratory chain activity in these cells was shown by polarographic and fluorescent methods. Alternative oxygen-dependent systems were investigated. It was determined that NADPH-oxidase of peritoneal macrophages attached to a slide, responsible for "the respiratory burst" formation and defining their bactericidal properties and peroxide generating ability, is in the active state. PMID- 6528369 TI - Cancer mortality in Italy, 1955-78. PMID- 6528370 TI - [Anesthesia-resuscitation problems posed by surgery of Cushing's syndrome]. PMID- 6528371 TI - [Neonatal respiratory distress]. PMID- 6528372 TI - [Diaphragmatic hernia and eventration. Apropos of 11 surgical cases from 1970 to 1981]. PMID- 6528373 TI - [Comparative study of the results of open and closed-heart commissurotomies derived from echocardiographic criteria]. PMID- 6528375 TI - [Alveolar macrophages. A pivot cell of the lower lung]. PMID- 6528376 TI - [Acute myelopathy: a rare complication of tuberculous meningitis]. PMID- 6528374 TI - [Varices of the lower limbs. Apropos of 124 surgical cases from 1977 to 1981]. PMID- 6528377 TI - [Study of plasma bile acids in fasting state and following a test meal, using gas chromatography]. PMID- 6528378 TI - [Tracheobronchial foreign bodies]. PMID- 6528379 TI - [Myocardial infarction in women]. PMID- 6528380 TI - [Burkitt's lymphoma in Tunisia. Apropos of 18 cases]. PMID- 6528381 TI - [A form of Osler's endocarditis with a rheumatologic onset]. PMID- 6528383 TI - [Primary non-Hodgkin malignant lymphoma of the stomach (apropos of 8 cases)]. PMID- 6528382 TI - [Maternal lactation as a method of contraception? 2. The epidemiology of postpartum amenorrhea]. PMID- 6528384 TI - [Gastroduodenal mucosa in chronic renal insufficiency. Histoendoscopic and hormonal studies in 27 patients]. PMID- 6528385 TI - [Abdominal hysterectomies: apropos of 78 case reports from 1/1/81 to 5/31/82 in the Gynecology Department of the Charles Nicolle Hospital]. PMID- 6528386 TI - [Current aspects of pulmonary abscess in a study of 100 cases]. PMID- 6528387 TI - [Hemostatic hysterectomy of the pregnant uterus. Apropos of 32 cases at the Maternity Center of the Charles Nicolle Hospital in Tunisia]. PMID- 6528389 TI - [Serum lipoprotein disorders in kala-azar]. PMID- 6528388 TI - [A new case of a voluminous (10.8 kg) retroperitoneal lipoma]. PMID- 6528390 TI - [Recurrent multifocal periostosis in children]. PMID- 6528391 TI - [Tuberculous cervical adenopathies. Apropos of 147 cases]. PMID- 6528392 TI - [Preliminary data on the epidemiology of asthma in Tunisian adolescents]. PMID- 6528393 TI - [Correlation between total IgE, blood and secretory eosinophils, bronchial reactivity and skin tests in respiratory hypersensitivity in the adult]. PMID- 6528394 TI - [Correlation between total IgE and eosinophilia in respiratory tract secretions in asthmatic patients]. PMID- 6528395 TI - [Bronchial hypersensitivity in allergic asthma]. PMID- 6528396 TI - [Accelerated desensitization to lung allergens]. PMID- 6528397 TI - [Treatment of asthma with Zaditen]. PMID- 6528398 TI - [Accelerated desensitization in asthma using delayed-action allergens]. PMID- 6528399 TI - [200 cases of allergic asthma treated with specific desensitization]. PMID- 6528400 TI - [Audit of the management of asthma in a hospital department]. PMID- 6528401 TI - [Asthma due to aspirin apropos of cases observed for 2 years at an asthma clinic in Algeria]. PMID- 6528402 TI - [Asthma in Netherton's syndrome, clinical study and physiopathological perspectives]. PMID- 6528403 TI - [Asthma and gastroesophageal reflux]. PMID- 6528405 TI - [Passive smoking in asthmatics]. PMID- 6528406 TI - [Asthma in children. Characteristics and special aspects]. PMID- 6528404 TI - [Current aspects of severe asthma]. PMID- 6528407 TI - [Pneumoperitoneum in appendicular peritonitis (apropos of 4 case reports)]. PMID- 6528408 TI - [Adult Hirschsprung disease. Apropos of a case]. PMID- 6528409 TI - [Familial rectocolonic polyposis]. PMID- 6528411 TI - [Gibert's pityriasis rosea. Topographic observations and differential diagnosis]. PMID- 6528410 TI - [Solitary ulcer of the rectum. Apropos of a case with a review of the literature]. PMID- 6528412 TI - [Effects of the duration of fasting and of refeeding on pancreatic hormones and plasma metabolites in the duck]. PMID- 6528413 TI - [Etiological forms of aseptic osteonecrosis of the femoral head (apropos of 12 cases)]. PMID- 6528415 TI - [Nonspecific vaginitis and anaerobic bacteria]. PMID- 6528414 TI - [Familial and congenital sensory neuropathy with anhydrosis]. PMID- 6528417 TI - [Modern treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis. I. Development of tuberculosis therapy in the last 30 years]. PMID- 6528416 TI - [Ventricular tachycardia revealing idiopathic ectasia of the left ventricle]. PMID- 6528418 TI - [Current aspects of tuberculosis in southern Tunisia (Sfax region)]. PMID- 6528419 TI - [Value of pleural puncture biopsy in the etiological diagnosis of clear-fluid pleurisy (possibilities and limitations)]. PMID- 6528420 TI - [Etiological diagnosis of chronic cervical adenopathies]. PMID- 6528421 TI - [Myocardial perforation by a central venous catheter. Apropos of a case]. PMID- 6528422 TI - [The lung in rheumatic pelvispondylitis]. PMID- 6528423 TI - [Crossed renal ectopia. Apropos of 3 cases]. PMID- 6528424 TI - [A case of purulent pericarditis in septicemia]. PMID- 6528425 TI - [The first Tunisian case of familial bisalbuminemia]. PMID- 6528427 TI - [Phakophagia in the surgical treatment of congenital cataract. Apropos of 93 eyes]. PMID- 6528426 TI - [Otomycosis]. PMID- 6528428 TI - Aminoplastic standards for quantitative X-ray microanalysis of thin sections of plastic-embedded biological material. AB - The preparation of a set of aminoplastic standards for quantitation of sodium, magnesium, phosphorus, sulfur, chlorine, potassium, and calcium in ultrathin plastic sections of soft tissue is described. The standards are low in cost and easy to prepare and handle. They cover concentrations up to 750 mmoles/kg dry weight, and display chemical and physical properties similar to those plastic embedded samples. The standards can be used to convert peak-to-continuum ratios obtained from the specimen to elemental concentrations. An application of these standards is shown using rat exocrine pancreas as a model. The standards can also be used to advantage for the calibration of the detector efficiency. PMID- 6528429 TI - Assessment of electron irradiation damage to biomolecules by electron diffraction and electron energy-loss spectroscopy. AB - Electron radiation damage is one of the most severe problems in high resolution electron microscopy by biomolecules. The techniques of electron diffraction and electron energy-loss spectroscopy were applied to gain a better understanding of radiation damage in amino acids and nucleic acid bases. The results when compared with G-values for the release of ammonia and hydrogen sulphide from amino acids seem to indicate that bond scission is an important cause of radiation damage at moderate doses of irradiation. High resolution structural disorder in nucleic acid bases was found to involve loss of atoms peripheral to the main ring structure. PMID- 6528430 TI - [Patient rehabilitation following the surgical treatment of gastric and duodenal peptic ulcer]. AB - On the basis of observation of the ulcer disease of the stomach and duodenum in 970 patients given the restorative treatment in rehabilitation hospitals after being discharged from the surgical hospital the authors recommend the earlier rehabilitative treatment since it gives more rapid reestablishment of their working capacity. PMID- 6528431 TI - [Supraduodenal choledochoduodenal anastomosis in treating cholelithiasis]. AB - In the recent years the number of patients with cholelithiasis has been increasing. The absolute majority of the patients are admitted to hospitals for urgent indications. Elderly patients with long histories, complications and concomitant diseases prevail. Not only the disease but complications as well must be exactly diagnosed. On the basis of the experience with 1298 operations on biliary ducts (178 of them subjected to choledochoduodenal anastomosis) the authors have determined the following indications for choledochoduodenal anastomosis: choledocholithiasis and dilated bile duct over 1,5 cm in diameter, cleavage of concrements in the bile duct, uncertainty of complete sanitation of the dilated duct and constricted terminal end of the choledochus with a concomitant pancreatitis. A one-row suture and the Yurash-Vinogradov method of choledochoduodenal anastomosis are preferred. PMID- 6528432 TI - [Dissolution of kidney stones and their fragments for subsequent removal from the urinary tract]. PMID- 6528433 TI - [Biliary hypertension in opisthorchiasis patients]. AB - On the basis of the over twenty years experience with the treatment of surgical complications of opisthorchiasis the authors propose a classification of causes of biliary hypertension in patients with this disease. The intra-, inter- and extracanalicular causes of the obstruction of biliary ducts, hypertension in the duodenum and associated forms are formulated. To prevent and successfully treat the biliary syndrome it is necessary to reestablish the bile outflow by surgical methods. PMID- 6528434 TI - [Features of the current stage in the study of surgical infection]. AB - The article analyzes scientific problems for studying infection. Attention is paid to another role than that attributed by surgeons to staphylococci, gram negative bacillus flora and anaerobes. A revision of the routinely used classification of surgical infections is shown to be necessary since their traditional division into purulent, putrifactive, anaerobic and specific ones is not up to the present state of science. It is noted that anaerobes take part in the appearance of 87% of postoperative complications and similar hospital infections. PMID- 6528435 TI - [Leukocyte cationic proteins in suppurative diseases]. AB - The content of cationic proteins in leukocytes was established in 65 patients with peritonitis and purulent diseases of soft tissues. It was established that all of the patients had a decreased content of cationic proteins in the granules of polymorphonuclear leukocytes, its degree depending on the gravity of the pyo inflammatory process. The authors consider it to be associated with the release of cationic proteins and proteolytic enzymes into the circulating blood and to be of value in the improvement of antimicrobial properties of blood. PMID- 6528436 TI - [Metabolic disorders and functional properties of erythrocytes in acute arterial obstruction of the extremities]. AB - On the basis of experimental studies (in 43 rabbits) of the model of acute arterial obstruction and examination of 19 patients with various kinds of acute ischemia of the extremity it was established that the development of the ischemic lesions of the extremity can result in significant changes in the metabolism of adenyl nucleotides and deformability of erythrocytes. The value of the erythrocytes deformability gradient can show the degree of reversibility of ischemia of the diseased extremity. PMID- 6528437 TI - [Restoration of the functions of the talocrural joint and the shape of the foot by a hinge-distraction method]. AB - The article analyzes results of the treatment of 48 patients aged from 6 to 52 with neurogenic and posttraumatic contractures and equinous deformity of feet treated by a hinge-distraction method with an individual arrangement of elements of the Ilizarov apparatus and hinges designed in the clinic. It has been established that the possibility to arrange hinges at any required level allows to eliminate either consequently or simultaneously all the kinds of joint deformities. Good and satisfactory results were obtained in all the cases. PMID- 6528438 TI - [Long-term symptomless course of struma ovarii]. PMID- 6528439 TI - [New potential for the surgical treatment of chronic hepatitis]. PMID- 6528440 TI - [Structural changes in the lymph nodes after burn injury]. PMID- 6528441 TI - [Interventricular septal injury in penetrating wound of the heart]. PMID- 6528442 TI - [Guided incision in removing foreign bodies from the tissues]. PMID- 6528444 TI - [Changes in the cervical spine in congenital spastic torticollis]. AB - The authors have examined 19 children with congenital spastic torticollis. Roentgenography of the cervical part of the spine was made in all the patients before operative treatment and at different terms after surgery. The results of the examination suggest that torticollis is responsible for the abnormal function and development of the cervical part of the spine in children. It has been established that in cases with ineffective conservative treatment the early surgical correction must be recommended followed by continuous fixation of the patients' head in the right posture and permanent dispensary control. PMID- 6528443 TI - [Esophagocele with elevated esophagus in children]. AB - The clinics of the Department of Surgery in Children of the Leningrad Pediatric Medical Institute during the period of 1951-1983 dealt with 29 children aged from some days to 9 years with hiatal hernias and the elevated esophagus. Results of the observation of patients with hiatal hernia and elevated esophagus have shown the clinical manifestations of the disease to be various. They can be divided into 4 clinical groups: 1) acute course, 2) subacute course, 3) incarcerated hernias, 4) asymptomatic course. PMID- 6528445 TI - [Development of the joints of the upper extremities in children after intra- and periarticular fractures]. AB - The authors studied long-term (from 2 to 9 years) results of treatment of 178 children with intra- and periarticular localization of fractures of the upper extremities. The age of the children was from 4 to 15. It has been established that the further development of the injured joint is dependent on the character of the primary displacement, exact arrangement of fragments and correct terms of immobilization being of certain significance for the consolidation and further restoration of the anatomical integrity of the bone and for the joint functioning. PMID- 6528446 TI - [Multiple hematogenic osteomyelitis in children]. AB - The work presents an analysis of 27 cases of acute hematogenic osteomyelitis with multiple injuries of bones. It has been noted that unlike primary localizations which often turn into a chronic process the secondary foci in such patients are frequently treated with good long-term issues. Lethality among patients with multiple osteomyelitis according to the authors' data is considerably higher (26%) than that in patients with the injury of one bone (0,8%). PMID- 6528448 TI - [Postoperative psychoses in heart surgery]. AB - The examination of 56 patients with psychoses following closed commissurotomy (in 1,24% of cases), open commissurotomy (in 3,22%) and prosthetics of heart valves (in 9,1%) enabled the authors to conclude that they are caused by hypercoagulative phase of the disseminated intravascular coagulation of blood. PMID- 6528447 TI - [Thyroid echinococcosis in a child]. PMID- 6528449 TI - [Congenital anastomosis between the aorta and left ventricle in a child]. PMID- 6528450 TI - [Acute omentitis in a child]. PMID- 6528451 TI - [Foreign body in the knee joint in a child]. PMID- 6528452 TI - [Choosing the method of anesthesia in aortofemoral shunting]. AB - The influence of 4 kinds of anesthesia (neuroleptanalgesia, peridural anesthesia by trimecaine hydrochloride, peridural morphine analgesia, fluoroxene anesthesia) upon the process of reestablishment of blood circulation in lower extremities and possibilities of using a rheographic method for the intraoperative assessment of the efficiency of the aorto-femoral shunting were studied in 112 patients with the help of rheography of the shin and great toes. The authors recognize that trimecaine hydrochloride anesthesia and peridural sympathetic block allow with the help of rheography to timely detect an inadequacy of the aorto-iliac reconstruction in 9 cases. PMID- 6528453 TI - [Brachial plexus block by the supraclavicular approach]. AB - The work based upon the investigation of the brachial plexus in 25 corpses proposes to fulfil the blockade of the brachial plexus by the introduction of the needle into the area of forming the upper primary trunk. The advantages of the method proposed are a relative technical simplicity and a considerably little danger to injure large blood vessels of the neck and cervical plexus. PMID- 6528454 TI - [Immune blood substitutes in acute burn toxemia in children]. AB - The authors have made 1048 direct blood transfusions (DBT) and 32 DBT from burn reconvalescents to children with burns. The efficiency of transfusions of immune blood was found to be higher. The direct immune substitution of blood was established to decrease blood toxicity, to increase the serum lysozyme activity, the content of immunoglobulins (A, M, C). to decrease the leukocyte index of intoxication. Eight patients with burns of from 48 to 87% died. The method of operation and organization of donorship for direct immune substitution of blood is described. PMID- 6528455 TI - [Prevention of hemorrhagic complications in surgical interventions in the maxillofacial area in acute leukemia patients]. AB - On the basis of an analysis of results of the surgical treatment of 97 patients with different forms of acute leukosis with the hemorrhagic syndrome the authors make a conclusion that the application of hemostatic means of the general and local action, the thrombotic mass included, allows preventing hemorrhage in operative procedures in the maxillofacial area (extraction of teeth, opening of abscesses and phlegmons, interventions on the maxillary sinus etc). PMID- 6528456 TI - [Transpleural reamputation of the stump of the primary bronchus in bronchial fistulae following pulmonectomy]. AB - The authors describe the technique and analyze results of the transpleural reamputation of the major bronchus stump in 22 patients with bronchial fistulas after pulmonectomy. Good long-term results were achieved in 19 patients. PMID- 6528457 TI - [The treatment of fractures and dialectics]. PMID- 6528458 TI - A preliminary serological survey of viral antibodies in Peruvian sheep. AB - This study reports the sero-prevalence of viral infections in sheep in Peru. Serum samples were collected from 34 mature healthy rams located in 3 different geographic regions of the country (north, central and south). The sera were tested for antibodies to the following viruses: respiratory syncytial virus (RSV); parainfluenza 3 (PI-3) virus; bovine viral diarrhea/border disease (BVD/BD) virus; bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1); bluetongue (BT) virus; ovine progressive pneumoniae (OPP) virus; bovine leukosis virus (BLV). The serological studies showed that 47% were positive for RSV; 82% for PI-3; 3% for BVD/BD virus; 49% for BT virus; 13% for OPP virus. Antibodies were not detected to bovine herpesvirus 1 or to bovine leukosis virus. PMID- 6528459 TI - [Roentgenological diagnosis of central segmental lung cancer]. PMID- 6528460 TI - [Clinico-roentgenological studies in chronic pneumonia]. PMID- 6528462 TI - [Roentgeno-endoscopic diagnosis of early stomach cancer]. PMID- 6528464 TI - [Roentgenological study of intestinal anastomoses in the early period after operations on the colon]. PMID- 6528461 TI - [Roentgenological diagnosis of fungal alveolitis (clinico-experimental study)]. PMID- 6528463 TI - [Roentgenological examination of the small intestine in nonspecific colitis]. PMID- 6528465 TI - [Dynamic computerized tomography of the brain]. PMID- 6528466 TI - [Characteristics of lymphographic semeiotics in children with lymphogranulomatosis]. PMID- 6528467 TI - [Principles of improving and controlling physico-technical conditions of roentgenodiagnostic examinations]. PMID- 6528468 TI - [X-ray intensifying screens: their effect on the quality of the image and the degree of irradiation]. PMID- 6528469 TI - [Use of highly effective intensifying barium fluorochloride screens]. PMID- 6528470 TI - [Comparative properties of various intensifying screens in pediatric practice]. PMID- 6528471 TI - [Work safety in roentgenodiagnostic departments]. PMID- 6528472 TI - [2 cases of intravascular closure of multiple arteriovenous fistulas of the right lung]. PMID- 6528473 TI - [Chemical composition of pheasant meat]. AB - Studied was meat of twelve pheasants aged 2 years and weighing up to 1.5 kg. Established was the content of water, the total, extractive, and protein nitrogen, fats, ashes, and the valuable proteins (tryptophane) and the incomplete proteins (hydroxiproline). It was demonstrated that the proteins of the pectoral muscles had a higher nutritive value as against those of the thigh muscles. PMID- 6528474 TI - [Incidence and drug prevention of anemia in pigs in commercial swine breeding]. AB - Studies were carried out to establish the severity of anemia in newborn pigs of sows under various raising technologies and some aspects of its drug prophylaxis. It was found that in the swine-breeding complexes that were investigated more than 50 per cent of the day-old piglets had the subclinical form of anemia (6 to 8 g% of hemoglobin content). With some raising technologies (tying the sows up to the feeders) about 17 per cent of the pigs were born with pathologic anemia (the hemoglobin content was below 6 g%). With the introduction of the new technologies the pigs were born with lower erythrocyte count of the blood. The decrease in the indices of the red blood picture (with some technologies there was also a drop of the serum iron) was seen in the sows too (better manifested when these were tied up to the feeders). The intamuscular injection of the fericin preparation of ferridextran, zinc, and vitamin B12 and B6 (doses of 4.0 g Fe3+) to the sows 21 days prior to farrowing neither hypochlorosis nor erythropenia of the newborns could be overcome. On the other hand, the i/m introduction in the thigh region of the preparation dextrofer-100 at the rate of 200 mg Fe3+ in a single injection to the newborns prevented anemia for 30 days. A second injection 7 days later of one more dose of the preparation did not bring about an essential improvement in the development of pigs. The single dose of 100 mg Fe per pig in the form of dextrofer-100 was not sufficient to produce an optimal antianemic effect. PMID- 6528475 TI - [Pathomorphological studies of experimental echinococcosis in sheep]. AB - Histopathologic investigations in dynamic (from the 3rd up to the 15th month of infection) were carried out on echinococcus cysts and viscera (liver, lungs, spleen, and respective lymph nodes) of sheep with an experimental infection of Echinococcus granulosus. The echinococcus cysts differed in their development. Some of them showed normal structure, while others were in various stages of degeneration or full organization with calcification. The connective tissue capsule showed its characteristic layer structure. The liver presented strong destructive changes, particularly in tissue surrounding cysts in the stage of development. In the lungs there were interstitial and inflammatory changes with obturation of bronchioli (occasional findings). The organs of the peripheral immune system manifested morphologic changes that pointed to the presence of an immune response of mixed type. PMID- 6528476 TI - [Surgical diseases in calves and the economic losses from them during intensive fattening]. AB - Investigations were carried out in 1982 at three calf-fattening complexes of the same type of equated conditions of growing and feeding on a total of 15 600 bull calves to establish the percent of surgical diseases and the economic losses thereof. Highest proved the share of diseases involving the bone-joint apparatus of the limbs--fractures, epiphysiolyses, arthroses, arthritis (6 per cent), the hooves (1.8 per cent), the soft tissues of the limbs--wounds, ruptures, tendinitis and tendovaginitis, bursitis, pareses and paralyses (5.4 per cent). Considerable was the number of cases with the involvement of other organs too- genitalia, horns, tail, and others (2.1 per cent). The economic losses of the emergency slaughtered bull calves as well as of the those that died, along with the therapeutic means used amounted to LV 320 000 for a year. PMID- 6528477 TI - [Blood indices of high-production cows at various periods of pregnancy and after calving]. AB - Investigations were carried out to evaluate the contents of glucose, total protein, total lipids and lipid fractions, calcium, inorganic phosphorus, magnesium, carotene, and vitamin A in the blood of a total of 26 high-producing cows at various stages of pregnancy (5, 6, 7, and 9 months) and up to the 1-2nd, 3rd, and 4-5th month after calving. It was found that in the last month of pregnancy glucose dropped by more than 20 per cent, and the lipids--by more than twice as compared with the earlier periods of pregnancy. During the same period the total protein in the blood serum rose by more than 15 per cent, inorganic phosphorus--by 22 per cent, and magnesium--by 30 per cent. In the first two months after calving the content of glucose dropped by 65 per cent, of lipids- twice, of carotene--up to three times, and of vitamin A by more than 50 per cent as compared with the later periods after calving. The considerable changes in the various contents of the blood in the last month of pregnancy and the first months after calving was explained by the activation of the metabolic processes in the body of high-producing cows corresponding to their physiologic state--advanced pregnancy, and after calring--in the period of intense lactation. PMID- 6528478 TI - [Restoration of the biological activity of hemagglutinin--neuraminidase in NDV with phospholipids]. AB - The phospholipids in the membrane of the Newcastle disease virus were hydrolysed by means of the phospholipase enzyme C, whereas the infectious titer of the virus did not change, however its neuraminidase activity dropped. It was found that sphingomyelin in conc. of 250 micrograms/cm3 or lipids of the Newcastle disease virus membrane added to phospholipase C-treated hemagglutinin-neuraminidase restored its activity. The phospholipid 'phosphatidiletanolamine' could not restore the activity of the virus neuraminidase. PMID- 6528479 TI - [Biochemical tests for identifying Pasteurella multocida]. AB - Studied was the biochemical activity of a total of 168 strains of Pasteurella--73 isolated from birds (48 from cases of acute fowl cholera, and 25--of chronic cholera), and 95 isolated from mammals (3 from lambs, 24 from pigs, 36 from cattle, and 32 from rabbits) with regard to the tests determining the hemolytic activity, production of indol, reduction of nitrates, breakdown of urea, beta galactosidase activity, production of hydrogen sulfide, ornitin-, arginine-, lysine-decarboxylase-, and phosphatase activity, and the fermentation of substrates such as manite, glucose, galactose, saccharose, manose, levulose, dulcite, lactose, maltose, rafinose, trechalose, salicin, melobiose, icelobiose, arabinose, xylose, and sorbite. To differentiate Pasteurella multocida strains isolated from mamals from those isolated from birds the phosphatase activity test on solid media with sodium phenolphtalein diphosphate had to be employed Pasteurella organisms isolated from mammals showed positive phosphatase activity, while those isolated from birds exhibited a negative one. Arabinose and xylose fermentation tests could simultaneously be used. Pasteurellae isolated in cases of acute fowl cholera showed positive reaction for arabinose and a negative one for xylose, while the strains isolated from mammals showed the reverse activity. The strains isolated in cases of chronic fowl cholera were shown to belong to this group. PMID- 6528480 TI - [Demonstration of respiratory syncytial virus infection in calves by the complement fixation reaction]. AB - Studied was tentatively the occurrence of a respiratory syncytial virus infection on some farms with records of the disease. Investigations were carried out on the base of the complement-fixation test (CFT) specially worked out and on the specific complement-fixing antigen obtained from a bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV). Tested were several methods for the production of a complement fixing antigen. Most appropriate proved the one obtained by the extraction of an infected cell monolayer in glycerine buffer saline. It was stated that CFT was a proper test for the rapid herd diagnosis of BRSV infection. The study of double serum samples from 240 calves involved in 40 enzootics revealed that CFT could successfully be employed in 18 per cent of the cases of respiratory infections in calves in as many as 17 enzootics. However, the etiologic part played by the virus was dominating in some of these enzootics only. In the remaining ones the participation of the virus was either partial or sporadic. PMID- 6528481 TI - [Comparative studies of blood sera and lactosera by agar gel precipitation (AGP) in enzootic leukemia in cows]. AB - Studied were a total of 70 samples of blood and corresponding lactosera taken from lactating cows that were positive for leukosis on three farms with records for the disease. The lactosera were obtained from the milk samples through treatment in two ways--with calcium chloride and with chymosin. The experiments were carried out with untreated blood sera and with the lactosera obtained in both ways. Parallel to these, blood sera and lactosera were both studied in a concentrated state after being deeply frozen and centrifugated. The agar gel precipitation test (AGPT) was employed. It was concluded that the procedure described was a readily applicable method for laboratory use in the way of establishing enzootic leukosis, making unnecessary the blood sampling on a mass scale as undesirable from an economic and epizootic viewpoint. PMID- 6528482 TI - [Chemical and microbiological studies of the meat of broilers fed mixed feeds with a bacterial protein supplement]. AB - Physico-chemical and microbiologic studies were carried out with meat of broilers that had been offered combined feed mixtures in which part of the soybean meal protein was replaced by microbial one through the incorporation of 4, 8, and 12 per cent industrial single cell protein. The bacterial protein was shown to have no adverse effect on the physico-chemical composition of poultry meat. Demonstrated was a trend toward the separation in individual layers of more fats in the carcass with the increase in the percent of biomass of the combined feed mixtures for poultry. Considering the content of total nitrogen, fats, and ashes in the poultry meat most expedient was the incorporation of 4 percent single-cell protein in the feed mixtures for broilers. No pathogenic and conditionally pathogenic organisms were found in the meat of broilers. PMID- 6528484 TI - Adjustment of hospital utilization rates. United States, 1965-80. PMID- 6528483 TI - [Amino acid composition of white poultry meat contaminated with psychotropic microorganisms of the genus Pseudomonas]. AB - Investigated was the amino acid content in white poultry meat contaminated with four species of organisms of the Pseudomonas genus and kept for 48 hours at 0-4 degrees C and for 6 and 12 months at -18 degrees C. The content of the individual amino acids was expressed in g/100 g of protein, giving the figures of the essential amino acids. Results showed that there were no differences in the qualitative and quantitative composition of the amino acids both with regard to the various Pseudomonas species and with regard to the different duration of storage. PMID- 6528485 TI - [Medical regulation of recovery of consciousness after single-agent anesthesia with ketamine]. PMID- 6528486 TI - [Complications of general anesthesia after surgery for injuries and diseases of the maxillo-facial area]. PMID- 6528487 TI - [Various features of Reiter's disease]. PMID- 6528488 TI - [Rational schemes for treating meningococcal infections in young persons]. PMID- 6528489 TI - [Various features of changes in human work capacity during extreme conditions]. PMID- 6528490 TI - [Increasing the work capacity of pilots by adjusting their psychophysiologic condition]. PMID- 6528491 TI - [Effect of dosed physical loads on the status of redox processes in the bodies of sailors]. PMID- 6528492 TI - [Ketalar anesthesia in traumatic and hemorrhagic shock]. PMID- 6528493 TI - [Ketamine anesthesia in traumatology and orthopedics]. PMID- 6528494 TI - [Prevention of motility disorders of the gastrointestinal tract after surgery on the organs of the abdominal cavity]. PMID- 6528495 TI - [Indices of central hemodynamics and contractile function of the myocardium of healthy subjects during physical exertion]. PMID- 6528496 TI - [Use of the acetylcholine inhalation test in the complex diagnosis of chronic asthmatic bronchitis and bronchial asthma]. PMID- 6528497 TI - [Efficacy of semisynthetic antibiotics in the treatment of pustular diseases of the skin]. PMID- 6528498 TI - [Current problems of the organization of medical selection of the wounded and sick for evacuation]. PMID- 6528499 TI - [Information systems in scientific research in the field of military medicine]. PMID- 6528500 TI - [Preoperative embolization of the renal artery in the surgical treatment of kidney tumors]. PMID- 6528501 TI - [Classification of paraproctitis]. PMID- 6528502 TI - [For greater efficiency in the economy]. PMID- 6528503 TI - [Preventive antibacterial and antiviral chemotherapy]. PMID- 6528504 TI - [Easing of nervous tension as a risk factor in the development of myocardial infarction]. PMID- 6528505 TI - [Physical readiness for military service based on health status indicators]. PMID- 6528506 TI - [Prevention of the adverse effects of vibration]. PMID- 6528507 TI - [Reflexotherapy of tobacco smoking under conditions of long sea voyages]. PMID- 6528508 TI - [Intensification of therapeutic and diagnostic activities in a hospital ophthalmological department]. PMID- 6528509 TI - [Effectiveness of various methods of electroanesthesia]. PMID- 6528510 TI - [Obtaining demineralized water for injections in a field unit]. PMID- 6528511 TI - [Improved method of determining an adequate supply of drugs]. PMID- 6528512 TI - [Possibilities of the correction of disorders of lipid metabolism]. PMID- 6528513 TI - [Disruption of the regulation of glycogen phosphorylation by biogenic amines]. AB - In rats with experimental cardiomyopathy the content of liver glycogen was considerably higher than in controls and the biogenic amines had no activating effect on glycogen phosphorolysis. The activity of monoamine oxidase was lower in experimental animals than in controls. After injections of monoamine oxidase inhibitors to normal rats no activation of phosphorolysis by biogenic amines was observed. PMID- 6528514 TI - [Hypokinesia, nutrition and lipid metabolism. Lipids and lipoproteins in the blood]. AB - Long-term hypokinesia of August and Wistar Albino Glasgow rats caused some alterations in composition of total lipids and cholesterol esters both in blood serum and in individual lipoprotein fractions. The most distinct alterations were the following ones: I. increase in content of very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) and of low density lipoproteins (LDL), 2. decrease in the level of cholesterol esters in blood serum with a simultaneous increase of their content in VLDL and LDL as well as with alteration of their composition, 3. decrease of triglyceride content in VLDL and increase--in LDL, exhibiting the alteration in activity of lipolytic enzymes. Functional activity of muscles was very important for maintaining of the normal level of blood serum lipids and lipoproteins. PMID- 6528515 TI - [Esterifying activity of the plasma in patients with ischemic heart disease]. AB - An esterifying activity of blood plasma (lecithin-cholesterol-acyl transferase, LCAT) was decreased in men with ischemic heart disease (IHD) and coronary atherosclerosis as compared with patients without any symptoms of IHD; the decrease of the activity was most distinct in patients with low level of cholesterol in high density lipoproteins (HDL) and with hyperlipidemia. In these patients phospholipid composition of HDL subfractions was altered: a decrease in the lecithin ratio, increase in the content of sphingomyelin and corresponding decrease in the ratio lecithin/sphingomyelin. Decrease in content of HDL cholesterol and in concentration of apo A-I in blood, plasma, alterations in phospholipid composition of HDL subfractions and in the rate of fatty acids unsaturation of HDL phospholipids in the patients with IHD were considered as factors responsible for the decrease of LCAT activity, which may aggravate the atherosclerotic impairment of arteries. PMID- 6528516 TI - [Biochemical heterogeneity of lymphocytes in chronic lympholeukemia based on the analysis of the protein-synthesizing apparatus]. AB - Duration of middle polypeptide synthesis, the rate of protein synthesis, content of ribosomes in lymphocytes were studied in the cells from 9 healthy persons and 28 patients with lympholeukosis. In 14 of the patients examined the content of ribosomes was decreased 2-fold; in the other patients it approached the control values. The rate protein synthesis was distinctly decreased in the patients with low content of ribosomes; in patients with normal content of the ribosomes this rate was either increased or decreased. Acceleration of the middle peptide synthesis was detected in leukemic lymphocytes as compared with controls. The data obtained suggest that lymphocytes exhibited biochemical heterogeneity in chronic lympholeukosis as well as that not only the content of ribosomes but other factors, importance of which in regulation of protein synthesis is discussed, influenced the rate of protein synthesis in lymphocytes of the patients. PMID- 6528517 TI - [Effect of synthetic regulators of radical reactions on the course of experimental silicosis]. AB - Therapeutic properties of N-oxide poly-1,2-ethylene piperidine (NO-PEP) as well as of free radical reaction inhibitors, bound with polymers by means of complex and covalent linkages, were studied in experimental silicosis. The preparations studied were used depending on the step of silicosis development as well as on the type of impairment in lipid peroxidation and the antioxidative activity (AOA) of lung lipids. The data obtained are discussed in relation to properties of the preparations used and to alterations in lipid peroxidation and AOA reactions found in silicosis. Use of immobilized physiologically active substances enabled to establish some principles in development of antisilicosis drugs. PMID- 6528518 TI - [Changes in mitochondrial lipid composition in hypoxia in the presence of a dinitrophenol uncoupler]. AB - Incubation of mitochondria under hypoxic conditions in hypotonic solution of sucrose containing dinitrophenol as an uncoupler of oxidative phosphorylation led to hydrolysis of mitochondrial phospholipids, with the most pronounced destruction of phosphatidyl ethanolamine and cardiolipin fractions. Hydrolysis of diacyl phospholipids was accompanied by an increase in content of the corresponding lyso-derivatives - lysophosphatidyl ethanolamine, lysocardiolipin. This phenomenon was not observed after addition of tetracaine hydrochloride, inhibitor of phospholipases, suggesting that mitochondrial phospholipases are activated under hypoxic conditions in presence of dinitrophenol. PMID- 6528519 TI - [Age characteristics of lipoprotein lipase activity and cholesterol levels in various lipoprotein fractions]. AB - In practically healthy from 20 up to 95 years old persons, independently of sex, only slight alterations in the mean content of total cholesterol were noted. However, redistribution of cholesterol occurred between various classes of lipoproteins. There was a decrease of cholesterol content in high density lipoproteins (LPHD) and an increase in cholesterol content in lipoproteins of very low and low density. A positive correlation was found between the activity of postheparin lipoprotein lipase and the content of LPHD cholesterol, thus suggesting the essential role of the hydrolysis rate of triglycerides in the lipoproteins for regulation of LPHD cholesterol content, which are atherogenic factors in atherosclerosis development. PMID- 6528520 TI - [Transient minor fractions of human serum albumin: physico-chemical properties]. AB - From 7 to 8 minor fractions were isolated from normal and pathologically altered human blood serum albumin by means of isoelectric focusing in borate-polyol system. As distinct from the whole albumin molecule, these minor fractions contained 12-14% carbohydrates, I-1.2% of which were linked by covalent bonds while the rest of it were absorbed. The fractions included a number of amides, amount of which was gradually elevated with an increase in the isoelectric point. As shown by circular dichroism studies content of alpha-spirals decreased from 20% to 5% in the proteins, depending on the pI value. Spontaneous deamidation was noted during storage. Normally the content of these proteins constituted from 3% to 4%; in liver cirrhosis it might increase up to 50%. PMID- 6528521 TI - [Effect of isatin and its derivatives on some indicators of carbohydrate metabolism]. AB - Effect of isatin and of three its derivatives on content of lactate, pyruvate and glycogen was studied in rat tissues. The substances studied, except of 5 butylisatin, decreased the content of lactic acid with simultaneous increase of glycogen content in liver tissue under normal conditions. The pyruvate content was most markedly altered in presence of 5-bromoisatin and 5-butylisatin. In deficiency of oxygen a distinct increase in content of lactate and pyruvate was noted in animal tissues after the 5-bromoisatin preadministration. Under conditions of oxygen deficiency the substances studied were of distinct significance for more economical utilization of glycogen in liver tissue and skeletal muscles. PMID- 6528522 TI - [Possible heterogeneity of cytoplasmic estrogen receptors]. AB - In order to elucidate whether specific estrogen-binding sites were heterogeneous, these sites were studied in uterine cytosols of guinea pig and green monkey Cercopithecus griseus. Concentrations of the estrogen-binding sites for labelled estrogens (estrone, estradiol, estriol and diethylstilbestrol) were estimated in the cytosols by means of the exchange method and Scatchard plot analysis. High linear correlation was shown between the Scatchard plots and the curves of estrogen-binding site complexes dissociation plotted in semilogarithmic coordinates (r-0.98 and 0.99, respectively; p less than 0.05). The linearity of the curves was confirmed by means of F-criterion. The data obtained suggest that only one type of specific estrogen-binding sites occurs in the cytosols at 30 degrees and at concentration of estrogens which did not exceed 50 nM. These estrogen-binding sites exhibited the same limited binding capacity for all the estrogens studied. PMID- 6528523 TI - [Comparative characteristics of plasma lipoproteins and mesenteric lymph in the rabbit: spectrum and chemical properties]. AB - Rabbit mesenteric lymph contained all the main classes of lipoproteins detected in plasma: chylomicrons (CM), very low density lipoproteins (VLDL), low density lipoproteins (LDL), high density lipoproteins (HDL). The main classes of lipoproteins in lymph were CM and VLDL, whereas LDL and HDL were the main lipoproteins in blood plasma. The heaviest subfractions HDL3 were not observed in mesenteric lymph. Lymph contained only low amount of LDL; molecular mass of lymphatic LDL was lower as compared with the blood plasma lipoproteins. Mesenteric lymph lipoproteins were enriched with triglycerides and contained less cholesterol, phospholipids and protein than the corresponding blood plasma lipoproteins. As distinct from blood plasma lipoproteins, apo E and apoproteins of low molecular mass (apo C?) were not found in lymphatic lipoproteins. Content of Apo-I was much higher in lymphatic VLDL as compared with the blood plasma VLDL. The dissimilarity in patterns and composition between blood plasma and lymphatic lipoproteins indicated that the latter were derived from intestine. Thus, intestine was able to produce CM, VLDL, HDL2 and apparently a small amount of LDL. PMID- 6528524 TI - [Calcium-dependent regulation of NAD-isocitrate dehydrogenase in the rat heart mitochondria]. AB - Ions of Ca2+ (0.1-20 mumoles) regulated the activity of mitochondrial NAD isocitrate dehydrogenase (isocitrate: NAD-oxidoreductase decarboxylating, EC 1.1.1.41) from rat heart altering the enzyme affinity for isocitrate. Under conditions of maximal activation by Ca2+ (20 mumoles) S0,5 was decreased from 282 down to 125 mumoles, Vmax was not altered. The calmodulin inhibitor trifluoperazine did not affect the Vmax, S0.5 and the Hill coefficient of the enzyme. PMID- 6528525 TI - [Biosynthesis of phospholipids in the myocardium during the chronic inflammatory bronchopulmonary process]. AB - Incorporation of U-14C-glucose into individual phospholipids from heart tissue was studied during chronic bronchopulmonary inflammation in vivo. Incorporation of the glucose into diphosphatidylglycerols, phosphatidyl serine, phosphatidyl ethanolamine was decreased and into the sphingomyelins, phosphatidylinositol, lysophosphatidyl choline was increased. PMID- 6528526 TI - [Changes in the structure of DNA induced by sarcolysine in vivo and in vitro]. AB - Secondary structure and the rate of methylation of DNA, isolated from normal and malignant liver tissues (sarcoma 45) were studied in vivo and in vitro in presence of sarcolysine. The differential melting curve (DMC) in the DNA from malignant tissue was shifted, compared with that of the liver DNA, to the low temperature side and was characterized by appearance of an additional peak in the region of 50-60 degrees. A considerable increase in the level of methylation has been also noted in the DNA from malignant tissue. Sarcolysine caused a partial restoration of the DMC patterns and decreased by 20% the content of m5C in vivo; the DMC of the DNA from malignant tissue retained practically all its low temperature features in vitro. The data obtained suggest that sarcolysine does not act directly on the DNA from malignant tissue but participates in an intermediate process, exhibiting a selective action on DNA. PMID- 6528527 TI - [Effect of lethal and superlethal doses of gamma-irradiation on the lysosomal enzyme activity in radio-sensitive and radio-resistant tissues in the rat]. AB - Activities of acid phosphatase and cathepsin D were studied in liver, spleen tissues and in blood serum of Wistar male rats with a body mass of 180-200 g within various periods after total gamma-irradiation using 137Cs (1.9 Gr/min) at doses of 7.5 and 30 Gr. Acid phosphatase was maximally activated in the non sedimented fraction of spleen within 72 hrs at the dose of 7.5 Gr; activity of cathepsin D was decreased in the fraction and exceeded the control values only within 11 days. Activity of both enzymes was decreased in the fraction of precipitate. In liver tissue the enzymatic activity was only slightly altered at the dose used. The dose of 30 Gr altered the acid phosphatase activity both in spleen and liver tissues; the enzymatic activity was increased in non-sedimented fraction and--decreased in precipitate. In blood serum the acid phosphatase activity increased gradually up to the animal death. PMID- 6528529 TI - [Unresolved problems of teaching biochemistry in medical institutes]. PMID- 6528528 TI - [Teaching biochemistry in medical schools]. PMID- 6528530 TI - [Teaching biochemistry in medical institutes]. PMID- 6528531 TI - [Current problems in teaching biochemistry in medical institutes]. PMID- 6528532 TI - [Highly-efficient apparatus for two-dimensional gel electrophoresis]. AB - An apparatus for two-dimensional gel electrophoresis described enabled to analyze 18 samples simultaneously. The apparatus included a device for electrophoresis in small columns of a gel (A), a device (B) for formation of 18 gel plates and a device (C) for staining and washing of the plates. In order to choose the most optimal conditions for fractionation all the parts of the apparatus are separated by reciprocally perpendicular partitions into sections, which allow to use various buffer systems simultaneously. Results of heart muscle proteins fractionation, carried out in the apparatus on the basis of O'Farrell and Laemmly procedures, are presented. PMID- 6528533 TI - [Possible correction of the isoenzyme spectrum of lactate dehydrogenase in the developing rat brain in antenatal hypoxia]. AB - In ontogenesis (within 14 and 30 days of postnatal period) in brain cortex and medulla oblongata of rats the LDH isoenzyme spectrum was altered exhibiting an increase in LDH1 and a decrease in LDH5 content. Antenatal hypoxia caused a decrease in aerobic isoenzymes in brain cortex and an increase in their content in medulla oblongata. Nootropyl (pyracetame) corrected the LDH isoenzyme spectra in brain cortex of 14 days old rats and in medulla oblongata of 30 days old animals. The correction of the isoenzyme spectra was not observed in 30 days old animals. PMID- 6528534 TI - [Changes in blood lipoproteins in patients with peripheral atherosclerosis after hemosorption]. AB - Concentrations of cholesterol, triglycerides and the molar ratio cholesterol/phospholipids were higher while the values of cholesterol in high density lipoproteins (HDL) was lower in blood of patients with obliterating peripheric atherosclerosis as compared with control values. After extracorporal haemosorption on columns with activated charcoal and preadministration of heparin all the patterns studied were decreased, thus indicating the sorption of all the lipoprotein classes, including anti-atherogenic HDL, simultaneously with lipolysis of very low density lipoproteins, triglycerides as well as the sorption and destruction of large erythrocytes containing relatively high amount of cholesterol. Within the subsequent period all the patterns studied returned to the initial level. At the same time, concentration of HDL cholesterol, which, as shown earlier, correlated inversely with severity of clinical manifestations in the patients, continued to increase, exceeding the initial level by 39% within 7 14 days; these data were also corroborated by polyacrylamide gel disc electrophoresis. The alterations found may be among the factors, responsible for favourable clinical effect of haemosorption in the patients with peripheric atherosclerosis. Possible reasons for the HDL concentration increase are discussed. PMID- 6528535 TI - [Effect of beta-sitosterol incorporated into liposomes on several indicators of lipid metabolism in experimental hypercholesteremia in rats]. AB - Alterations in lipid content of microvilli membranes, affecting their physical structure, as well as in lipoproteins of rat small intestinal mucosa and of blood plasma were studied in experimental hypercholesterolemia after treatment with crystalline and liposomal preparations of beta-sitosterol. The liposomal preparation of beta-sitosterol exhibited distinctly higher hypocholesterolemic activity as compared with the crystalline sterol. Possible role of structural and functional alterations in enterocyte membranes and in intestinal lipoproteins during absorption of cholesterol as well as inhibition of the processes by means of beta-sitosterol are discussed. PMID- 6528536 TI - [Lactate dehydrogenase activity and its isoenzyme in a system coupled with bacterial luciferase]. AB - Properties of a coupled system "LDH-bacterial luciferase" were studied. The light generating enzymatic system from luminescent bacteria Photobacterium fisheri was used as an indicator of the dehydrogenase activity. Kinetic parameters of the coupled system were studied using commercially available preparation of LDH and the enzyme from human blood plasma. The luminescent activity of bacterial preparation was shown to correlate with the activity of LDH and its isoenzymes within wide range of blood plasma concentrations. PMID- 6528537 TI - [Protective effect of alpha-tocopherol on the hydroxylating system in liver endoplasmic reticulum membranes against the damaging activity of hyperbaric oxygenation]. AB - Effect of hyperbaric oxygenation (oxygen pressure 3039 hPa, exposition 3 hrs) on activity of the hydroxylating system and lipid peroxidation was studied in membranes of rat liver endoplasmic reticulum. Within the first 3 hrs after hyperbaric oxygenation the rates of aniline n-hydroxylation, amidopyrine N demethylation, NADPH oxidation and the cytochrome P-450 level were decreased, while the rates of ascorbate- and NADPH-dependent lipid peroxidation were increased. Oil emulsion of alpha-tocopherol, administered per os into rats at a dose of 50 mg/kg every 12 hrs within 2 days before hyperbaric oxygenation, prevented the posthyperoxic deterioration of xenobiotic metabolism and the intensification of lipid peroxidation in liver microsomes. PMID- 6528538 TI - [Disruption of the cholesterol-transport function of lipoproteins in the blood plasma of patients with ischemic heart disease]. AB - A ratio cholesterol esters/apo B in very low and low density lipoproteins (VLDL and LDL), characterizing their cholesterol-transport function, as well as a ratio cholesterol esters/apo A-I in high density lipoproteins (HDL) HDL2 and HDL3, demonstrating the loading of cholesterol per unit of their main protein, were studied in 16 patients with ischemic heart disease accompanied by coronary atherosclerosis documented by angiography and in 36 healthy men. In patients with coronary atherosclerosis and low level of HDL cholesterol, particles of atherogenic lipoproteins were overloaded with cholesterol esters, while the ratio cholesterol esters/apo A-I was decreased in HDL2 and HDL3 as compared with controls. These alterations might be related to an increase in efficiency of cholesterol esters transport from HDL into VLDL and LDL as a result of dissimilar transformations in chemical and structural characteristics of surface monolayer of VLDL and HDL particles studied earlier. PMID- 6528539 TI - [Effect of arginine on the lipid and lipoprotein content of animal blood]. AB - Arginine decreased cholesterol and triglyceride content in blood sera of intact rats and inhibited the development of hyperlipidemia provoked by Triton WR-1339 injection. In rabbits pretreated with cholesterol arginine diminished the content of blood serum cholesterol and triglycerides. Introduction of arginine to intact and hyperlipidemic guinea pigs decreased the VLDL and increased the HDL level. Under influence of arginine electrophoretic zone of HDL apo A-1 was more pronounced and apo E zone became less distinct in hyperlipidemic guinea pigs. PMID- 6528540 TI - [Proteolysis of milk proteins in young children]. AB - Distinct pancreatic activity was observed in duodenal chyme of newly born children. Rapid evacuation of protein from stomach was noted in artificial feeding. The tryptic activity was increased in duodenal contents after the introduction of artificial feeding. Amino acids were mainly liberated in the course of cavitary digestion of proteins. Some of the amino acids (cysteine, phenylalanine) were absorbed in a bound form. PMID- 6528541 TI - [Isolation and quantitative determination of apoprotein C-11 in the blood using rocket immunoelectrophoresis]. AB - Apoprotein C-II was isolated from human blood plasma by means of column chromatography-gel filtration and DEAE ion exchange chromatography by modified method of Brown et al (1969). Production of antiserum to apoprotein C-II as well as a procedure for rocket immunoelectrophoresis are described for estimation of the apoprotein in blood plasma of men and women of various age, exhibiting different lipid spectra. Content of the apoprotein C-II in blood plasma, estimated by the immunoelectrophoretic procedure, was higher in men as compared with women and correlated with concentration of triglycerides in blood plasma. PMID- 6528542 TI - [Effect of high-density lipoproteins on the permeability of the rabbit aorta for low-density lipoproteins]. AB - After administration of high doses of high density lipoproteins (HDL) into control rabbits the index of aorta permeability for 125I-low density lipoproteins (LDL) was decreased by about 19%. This index was decreased by 45% if HDL was administered into animals with hypercholesterolemia. Historadiographic assays showed that presence of 125I-LDL in circulation simultaneously with the exogenous HDL caused a decrease in the vessel wall permeability for LDL both in control rabbits and, especially, in hypercholesterolemic animals. As shown in experiments with human embryonal lung fibroblasts, under conditions of mainly unspecific interaction of LDL with cells, HDL inhibited the 125I-LDL absorption by 28%. High molar excess of HDL appears to inhibit the LDL penetration via intact endothelial layer into the arterial wall due to ability of HDL to compete with LDL at the sites of low affinity on the endothelial cells surface. PMID- 6528543 TI - [Specific binding of fluorescein bimercuric acetate by histidine decarboxylase from Micrococcus]. AB - The SH-groups of histidine decarboxylase were modified by means of fluorescent probe--fluorescein bimercuric acetate (FMA). Native histidine decarboxylase bound 3 molecules of FMA with complete inhibition of the enzymatic activity. Binding of FMA with the enzyme was accompanied by distinct alteration in absorption and fluorescence spectra. The FMA was also used in studies of SH-containing peptides of histidine decarboxylase; acid SH-peptides obtained after tryptic hydrolysis appears to contain the cysteine of the enzyme active site. PMID- 6528544 TI - [Intensive factors in the reproduction of fixed assets of public health]. PMID- 6528545 TI - [Methyluracil in the combined treatment of coniotuberculosis patients]. PMID- 6528546 TI - [Effectiveness of using biosed in the combined therapy of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis and gastric and duodenal peptic ulcer]. PMID- 6528547 TI - [Effect of therapeutic physical exercise on microcirculatory function in ischemic heart disease patients]. PMID- 6528548 TI - [Case of Lyell's syndrome developing after taking amidopyrine]. PMID- 6528549 TI - [Combined treatment of neurosis-like states in organic brain diseases]. PMID- 6528550 TI - [Spread and course of siderosilicotuberculosis]. PMID- 6528551 TI - [Therapeutic effectiveness of ultrasound and the phonophoresis of an analgesic mixture in vibration disease]. PMID- 6528552 TI - [Cases of tick-borne encephalitis in nonendemic areas]. PMID- 6528553 TI - [Late results of using graded swimming for patients with a history of myocardial infarct]. PMID- 6528554 TI - [Use of komplamin in chronic ischemic heart disease]. PMID- 6528555 TI - [Reconstructive operations on the affected renal arteries in vasorenal hypertension]. PMID- 6528556 TI - [Central hemodynamics of patients with a history of recurrent myocardial infarct]. PMID- 6528558 TI - [Clinical aspects of kidney lesions in gout patients]. PMID- 6528557 TI - [Case of hemochromatosis with pronounced melanosis of the skin]. PMID- 6528559 TI - [Evaluation of penile hemodynamics in diagnosing disorders of potency]. PMID- 6528560 TI - [Circulating immune complexes in the blood of diabetics]. PMID- 6528561 TI - [Frequency and seasonal biorhythm of metabolic indices and vascular lesions in diabetics]. PMID- 6528562 TI - [Diurnal fluctuations in hormone secretion in hypophyseal adenomas]. PMID- 6528563 TI - [Giant ovarian cystoma simulating ascites]. PMID- 6528564 TI - [Clinical course and diagnosis of pancreatic cancer]. PMID- 6528565 TI - [Metastasis of pancreatic cancer to the brain]. PMID- 6528566 TI - [Hemostatic function in peptic ulcer and stomach cancer]. PMID- 6528567 TI - [Morphological changes in the gastric mucosa of peptic ulcer patients]. PMID- 6528568 TI - [Ancillary sign of the retroperitoneal localization of neoplasms]. PMID- 6528569 TI - [Oxygen therapy in the combined treatment of patients with chronic cholecystitis combined with hepatitis]. PMID- 6528570 TI - [Pharmacodynamics of flamin]. PMID- 6528571 TI - [Changes in the biological properties of influenza virus (HON1) strains virulent for mice when exposed to homologous antibodies]. AB - A decrease in the virulent properties of two influenza virus strains (A/PR/8/34 and A/Mel/35 (HON1) pathogenic for mice was demonstrated in multiple passages in chick embryos in the presence of homologous antibody. The artificially developed avirulent A/PR/8/240 and A/Mel/375 variants had low immunogenic activity and a marked temperature sensitivity to 40 degrees C. Common ts mutations in the genomes of these avirulent variants located in genes 1 and 7 coding for P3 and M proteins were demonstrated. PMID- 6528572 TI - [Antigenic and biochemical analysis of the proteins of influenza virus A/USSR/Alma-Ata/13/81 with hemagglutinin H1]. AB - An influenza A virus whose hemagglutinin belongs to subtype H1 (serovariant WS/33) and neuraminidase to subtypes N1 (serovariant A/PR8/34) N3 was isolated by a method of aborted infection in chick embryos in virological examinations of the lungs and trachea of a 3-month-old infant who died of acute respiratory virus disease during a seasonal rise of ARD incidence in Alma-Ata, the Kazakh SSR, in 1981. The oligopeptide composition of nucleoprotein protein and glycoproteins of the isolate differed from that of the corresponding proteins of the reference serovariants. The electrophoretic analysis of the isolate polypeptides revealed neuraminidase with molecular weight about 70 kD which is unlike the findings with previously known strains. The original structure of the influenza A/USSR, Alma Ata/13/81 virus proteins rules out the likelihood of laboratory contamination. PMID- 6528573 TI - [Changes in the genetic properties of a viral population and the selection of ts mutants in persistent influenza virus infection]. AB - Comparative study of genetic properties of the original influenza A/Victoria/35/72 virus (the inhibitor-sensitive variant) and persisting viruses (PV) isolated at different intervals (from 9 to 158 days) after infection with this virus of MDCK cell culture revealed that in the course of development of persistent infection (PI) there occurred progressive selection of temperature sensitive (ts) mutants. In parallel with this, changes in the profile of PV inhibitor-sensitivity and plaque phenotype were noted. A population of PV isolated at late intervals (158 days) consisted completely of temperature sensitive, inhibitor-resistant, small-plaque clones. According to the results of HI tests, the antigenic characteristics of PV hemagglutinin did not differ from those of the original virus. The mechanisms of development of the described persistent infection are discussed. PMID- 6528574 TI - [Sedimentation characteristics of the virions and subviral particles of influenza C viruses]. AB - Investigation of sedimentation and some other properties of subviral particles and native virions of influenza C viruses was carried out in comparison with influenza A virions. Sedimentation rate of influenza C viruses was found to be 0.6 of that of influenza A viruses, the optical density peak coincided with the peaks of hemagglutinating and infectious activities of both influenza A and influenza C viruses. Studies with 4 influenza C virus strains isolated in different years revealed no differences in their sedimentation rates and the curve pattern. Electron microscopic, electrophoretic, and sedimentation analyses showed higher fragility of influenza C virions than those of influenza A virus, and their trend to self-disintegration. Our data showed significant differences in the effect of proteases on influenza A and C viruses. With due regard to these differences, we modified the method satisfactorily used for production of influenza A subviral particles. Some properties of subviral particles of influenza C virus were studied. PMID- 6528575 TI - [Comparative characteristics of the physicochemical properties of the vaccinal strain of measles virus L-16 and its Moscow-5 clone]. AB - Certain physical and chemical properties of the measles virus vaccine strain L-16 and its clonal variant M-5 proposed as a duplicate of the vaccine strain were studied. The buoyant density of both viruses in sucrose was 1.18-1.19 g/cm3. Virions were found to contain 6 structural proteins. Electron microscopic examinations revealed no differences in the morphology of virions of the vaccine L-16 strain and M-5 clone. PMID- 6528576 TI - [Subunit immunogen of the tick-borne encephalitis virus. The isolation of glycoprotein V3 from 2 types of the tick-borne encephalitis virus and a study of its amino acid composition]. AB - An effective method for isolation of the membrane structural E protein, the so called V3 glycoprotein, is described. Preliminary data of its amino acid composition have been obtained. PMID- 6528577 TI - [Subunit immunogen of the tick-borne encephalitis virus. The immunological characteristics of glycoprotein V3 from 2 antigenic types of tick-borne encephalitis virus]. AB - V3 glycoprotein isolated from virions of two antigenic types of TBE virus was found to be a valuable immunogen in experimental immunizations of rabbits and mice. The immune sera contained high titres of antibodies to TBE virus and other viruses of the TBE antigenic complex detectable in three serological tests. Species-, type-, and group-specific antibodies to TBE viruses were demonstrated. Mice vaccinated with TBE V3 glycoprotein developed immunity to TBE virus challenge. The isolated V3 glycoprotein of TBE virus, like whole TBE virus virions, carries several antigenic determinants. PMID- 6528578 TI - [Numerical classification of viruses within families]. AB - The possibility of using cluster analysis for allocation of viruses into groups having a taxonomic rank below the family was studied. As a result, a modified variant of cluster analysis is proposed which may be used for investigation of similarities and differences among viruses within individual families and formation of groups corresponding to those of a lower taxonomic rank than the family. The use of this modified variant of cluster analysis allowed the authors to distinguish groups in the majority of the families studied corresponding to ICTV genera. The data have been obtained suggesting the necessity of changing the taxonomic rank of some virus groups. The above studies have shown the possibility of developing numerical classification of viruses at the subfamily and genus levels, in other words, a single hierarchical numerical classification of viruses. PMID- 6528579 TI - [Demonstration of hepatitis B viral DNA in human sera by point hybridization]. PMID- 6528580 TI - [Identification of the Kaunas-1 strain isolated in the Lithuanian SSR in enteritis in calves]. PMID- 6528581 TI - [Evaluation of the effectiveness of inactivated influenza vaccines by immunological indices]. PMID- 6528582 TI - Child mental health: experience of eight countries. PMID- 6528583 TI - News from WHO's Diarrhoeal Diseases Control Programme. PMID- 6528585 TI - [Effect of sanatorium rehabilitation treatment of patients with coronary disease on left-ventricular function evaluated by polycardiography]. PMID- 6528584 TI - Sex differentials in mortality. PMID- 6528586 TI - [Serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels in patients with type II hyperlipoproteinemia treated with probucol]. PMID- 6528587 TI - [Use of various benzamides (sulpiride, tiapride) in the preventive treatment of migraine]. PMID- 6528588 TI - [Method of feeding and the incidence of infections in infants in the first trimester of life]. PMID- 6528589 TI - [Surgically treated bilateral pulmonary pneumocysts]. PMID- 6528590 TI - [Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia in metastatic adenocarcinoma of the liver associated with cholelithiasis]. PMID- 6528591 TI - [A case of Mallory-Weiss syndrome as a complication of treatment with raupasil]. PMID- 6528592 TI - [Tetanus in a 2-day-old infant]. PMID- 6528593 TI - [Effect of long-term administration of panodin in the treatment of chronic bronchitis on the reactivity of peripheral blood granulocytes]. PMID- 6528594 TI - [Mechanism of the restriction of pulmonary ventilation in workers exposed to mixed air pollution]. PMID- 6528596 TI - [Primary cancer of the ileum]. PMID- 6528595 TI - [Peripheral lymph node excision for diagnostic purposes in surgical practice]. PMID- 6528597 TI - [3 cases of foreign bodies removed from the stomach and duodenum with the Olympus GIF-K fiberscope]. PMID- 6528598 TI - [Paralysis of the left abducens nerve in a 9-year-old girl (Tolosa-Hunt syndrome- ophthalmoplegia dolorosa)]. PMID- 6528599 TI - [Chronic ischemia of the lower limbs--diagnosis and management]. PMID- 6528600 TI - [Lactose intolerance as a clinical problem]. PMID- 6528601 TI - [Incidence of leukoplakia and keratosis in women with suspicious cytological smears]. PMID- 6528602 TI - [Vaginal and oral cytohormonal smears and crystallization of cervical mucus and saliva in advanced pregnancy]. PMID- 6528603 TI - [Sodium, potassium and calcium concentrations in human milk in the early puerperium]. PMID- 6528605 TI - [Sensitivity of non-fermenting gram-negative rods to antibiotics]. PMID- 6528604 TI - [Incidence of hypercholesterolemia in boys aged 15 to 18]. PMID- 6528606 TI - [Physical activity of convalescence after viral hepatitis and compliance with other medical instructions]. PMID- 6528607 TI - [Myocardial infarction in an athlete]. PMID- 6528608 TI - [Case of congenital aplasia of the gallbladder and common bile duct calculi]. PMID- 6528609 TI - [Cancer of the gastric stump]. PMID- 6528611 TI - [Clinically atypical case of premature separation of a normally situated placenta]. PMID- 6528610 TI - [Chickenpox in a pregnant women as a cause of severe morphological anomalies and lack of spontaneous vital functions in a newborn infant]. PMID- 6528612 TI - [Cryotherapy. Behavior of joint temperature during ice application-- a basis for practical use]. AB - Changes of intraarticular temperature were measured in ten young animals during long-term cryotherapy. The use of cold packs of -23 degrees C and an application time of 30 minutes resulted in a decrease of intraarticular temperature of means = 6.56 +/- 1.04 degrees C. The original temperature was reached again after an average of 215 minutes. With cryotherapy there is an initial reflex increase in temperature is the primary object of therapy, all movements commencement of application. Since movements of a joint result in the mixing of synovia of various temperatures, we recommend the following procedures in cryotherapy: 1. during the application of cold (cooling phase) the patient is ask to move his joint from time to time, in order to attain a faster and more effective decrease in temperature in the joint. 2. But in this cases, in which an intraarticular decrease in temperature is the primary object of therapy, all movements should be avoided during the phase of rewarming. The effect of long-term cryotherapy (Kern, 1980) is a decrease in temperature of sufficient magnitude and duration resulting in a reduction of joint metabolism, thereby of the activity of cartilage degrading enzymes. Accordingly, long-term cryotherapy can be recommended using cold packs of -20 to -23 degrees C for 30 minutes every 5 to 6 hours in acute rheumatic arthritis, posttraumatic oedema and in the acute therapy of sports injuries. A thin towel or blotting tissue is used to avoid local freezing. Slight exercise during the cooling phase can improve the results of cryotherapy. PMID- 6528613 TI - [Classification of plastic penile induration (Peyronie's disease)]. AB - In this work an attempt has been made to find a general nosological formula of induratio penis plastica in order to compare the typical and numerous possibilities of therapy. The author has developed a classification based on the T.N.M. system, whereby the typical parameters of this disease, such as the grade of induration and deviation, as well as the subjective symptoms of pain and the ability of penetration has been considered in this system. The size of the indurations and the number of solidifications are as important as the site. This nomenclature makes it possible pro futuro to obtain a comparative therapeutic assessment in induratio penis plastica and, hence, to obtain guidelines on the indication for the optimal therapy of Peyronie's disease. PMID- 6528614 TI - [Diagnosis of a toxic liver lesion based on spermiographic changes]. AB - 8% of andrological patients are exposed to harmful substances at work. Testicular function can be impaired by mechanical and thermic irritation, but, above all, many chemical substances have a detrimental effect on spermatogenesis. A case is presented of a 23 year-old painter who showed a significant rapid decrease in sperm quality in spite of a course of treatment with mesterolone. The toxic agents were nitro lacquer thinners and resin dispersions, which had caused toxic liver damage, as seen from the raised liver enzyme activities. The elimination of the noxious substances resulted in a normalization of liver enzyme activities and a restitution of fertility. PMID- 6528615 TI - [Diagnosis of hypercoagulability]. AB - Disturbances of the mechanism of coagulation are relatively frequent causes of thromboembolic disease, especially a diminution in activity of antithrombin III, a decrease in fibrinolytic potential and an increase in platelet functions. These activities were assayed in 512 patients who were in remission after thromboembolic events. Alterations of the clotting system reflecting hypercoagulability were detected in 40% of the patients investigated after venous thrombosis and in 61% to 89% of the patients after arterial thromboembolic events. PMID- 6528616 TI - Substitution of antithrombin III. AB - AT III substitution is indicated in patients with inherited antithrombin III deficiency if these patients suffer acute thrombosis, if they have to be treated surgically and in the case of pregnancy in women with AT III deficiency who have an abortion or thrombosis, as well as during and after delivery. In acquired antithrombin III deficiency such as in patients with liver cirrhosis or the nephrotic syndrome, AT III substitution may be necessary if thrombotic complications occur. AT III substitution has been propagated especially in patients with polytrauma, septicaemia, DIC, acute liver failure and in toxaemia. In AT III substitution initial doses of 1 U/kg body weight are used to reach a 1,5% rise in plasma AT III level. If AT III turnover is normal a rise above 80% of normal should be achieved. If AT III turnover is increased, much higher initial and maintenance doses may be needed to normalize plasma AT III levels and to block DIC. PMID- 6528617 TI - [Substitution of antithrombin III in shock and consumption coagulopathy]. AB - A considerable diminution of the activity of antithrombin III (AT III) is found in the majority of patients in shock with signs of DIC. This results in further propagation of the mechanism of consumption coagulopathy and in a diminished effect of heparin. AT III was substituted in 16 patients who were admitted in shock. When acute consumption coagulopathy was present a greatly increased rate of inactivation of AT III was found. In spite of this fact, a comparison with a similar group of patients in whom substitution was not undertaken demonstrated a highly significant shortening of the duration of DIC and a clinically impressive, but not statistically significant, diminution of the mortality rate. PMID- 6528618 TI - [Changes in antithrombin III values during and after extracorporeal circulation in heart surgery, measured on the day of operation using a chromogenic substrate and a laser nephelometer]. AB - The changes in antithrombin III in 31 patients who underwent open-heart surgery were measured during the period of extracorporeal circulation and afterwards over a total period of 24 hours by means of a chromogenic substrate, as well as by laser nephelometry. Both the actual changes in antithrombin III, as well as the theoretical changes calculated by eliminating the effect of haemodilution are discussed. The functional test indicates that the loss of antithrombin-III activity, in general, is due to the effect of haemodilution. However, marked individual differences were noted in the reaction pattern. The results of nephelometric measurements were inconsistent and seemed to indicate that routine procedures in laser nephelometry are hardly suitable for the purpose of comparison of samples with marked haematocrit differences. PMID- 6528619 TI - The effects of various doses and various applications of heparin on the fat metabolism and on blood coagulation. AB - Various effects of heparin were compared after intravenous infusion and after subcutaneous injection. Administration by the intravenous route causes a considerable amount of heparin to remain in circulation. A strong anticoagulant effect is thereby achieved, but also a diminution of the activity of antithrombin III, a decrease in platelet count and an increase in platelet aggregation. In addition, there is a considerable lipolytic effect. After subcutaneous injection heparin is mainly stored in the RES from where it is gradually released. This causes a much weaker effect on coagulation, on platelets, on antithrombin III and on lipid metabolism. The advantages and disadvantages of both routes of heparin administration are discussed. PMID- 6528620 TI - [Myocardial infarct--morphology and development]. AB - Exact pathological investigations revealed 90% of transmural infarctions to be caused by thrombotic occlusion of "Infarction branch". This is the reason for and not the consequence of the myocardial infarction. The myogenic theory could be disproved for the overwhelming majority of cases. The subendocardial infarction is caused by stenosed three-vessel-disease occasionally combined with severe anemia or attacks of tachycardia. In about 30% of cases fibrinous pericarditis could be found over the infarction area. Mural thromboses were detected in about one third of the transmural infarctions, a myocardial rupture was found in 10 to 15% of autopsies. A ventricular aneurysm developed in 5 to 10% of those cases, who survived more than 3 months. In cases of sudden death a severe stenosis or occlusion of one or more coronary vessels were found in more than 80%. A fresh thrombotic occlusion was also found due to rupture of arteriosclerotic plaques. An infarction is in this condition often not detectable, because the time between the onset of the attack and death was too short to develop a myocardial necrosis. PMID- 6528621 TI - [Physiopathology of angina pectoris]. AB - The concept of blood flow limited fixed coronary artery stenosis holds true for most of the patients with stable, e.g. exercise-dependent angina pectoris. In this condition exists a disproportion between oxygen demand and oxygen consumption. On the other hand the unstable angina pectoris (angina pectoris at rest) is explained by a variable transient reduction of oxygen supply due to vasoconstriction ("dynamic stenosis"). In addition to the fixed stenosis and vasoconstriction the rheological behaviour plays a further role in the pathogenesis. PMID- 6528622 TI - [Measures in the prehospital phase of acute myocardial infarct]. AB - The prehospital period of acute myocardial infarction is burdened by high mortality essentially caused by electrical instability. Delay in hospitalization is composed by decision time of the patient, arrival and decision time of the physician, transport, and admission period in the hospital. Marked shortening of these periods is urgent for control of ventricular fibrillation by DC-shock and is a prerequisite for early thrombolysis which possibly could reduce mortality further. Organizational and educational measures for that purpose are pointed out. Medical care during the prehospital period is discussed. PMID- 6528623 TI - [Intracoronary lysis of acute myocardial infarct]. AB - A report is presented on 21 patients admitted with acute myocardial infarction in whose pain duration had not exceeded three hours. The coronary angiogram revealed occlusion of the supply-vessel to the infarcted area in 18 patients and only subtotal stenosis in the 3 remaining cases. Intracoronary administration of streptokinase (2000 to 4000 U/min) achieved thrombolysis in 15 out of 18 patients (83%) with thrombotic occlusion. All patients with exception of 2 patients revealed after thrombolysis a greater than or equal to 80% remaining stenosis. 2 patients without successful recanalisation died due to pump failure on the first or fourth day, respectively, following myocardial infarction. Reinfarction occurred in 2 patients out of successful treated cases, 4 patients required aortocoronary bypass-surgery for impending reinfarction or unstable angina pectoris. Angiographic control in the fourth week following myocardial infarction demonstrated reocclusion of the corresponding vessel in 3 cases, 2 of whose had a reinfarction. There was no change in the mean ejection fraction in the patients with persistent recanalisation between the acute and the chronic stage of infarction. PMID- 6528624 TI - [Surgical measures in the postinfarct phase]. AB - Even though the majority of patients with myocardial infarctions demonstrate an uncomplicated course which does not need any kind of surgical intervention, there is a distinct number of patients with a ventricular aneurysm complicated by congestive heart failure or refractory arrhythmias or a perforated ventricular septum or a mitral insufficiency due to papillary muscle dysfunction or rupture, representing a life-threatening condition with an urgent need for surgical correction. The clinic, hemodynamic and surgical therapy are discussed. PMID- 6528625 TI - [Rehabilitation measures following myocardial infarct]. AB - The term "rehabilitation" in its original meaning is compared to the new definition of "cardiac rehabilitation" by the World Health Organization. The formal early inpatient rehabilitation program ("Anschlussheilverfahren") is described and its indication and contraindication in the convalescent period three to eight weeks after the acute myocardial infarction are reviewed. Current concepts in the medical, occupational and psychological management are discussed. Data are presented that show the increase in working capacity at the end of an inpatient cardiac rehabilitation program, the rate of return to work and the positive effect of an inpatient rehabilitation program in patients older than 60 years. PMID- 6528626 TI - [Surgery in the aged--status and consequences]. AB - Surgery in advanced age is encumbered with hazards for the patient ensuing above all from his polymorbidity. Accordingly, postoperative mortality may be up to 30 per cent and, in special cases (ileus), may even be as high as 80 per cent. Although many operations are performed and excellent results can be presented, alternatives to the prevailing attitude of taking the present situation for granted are feasible. Such alternatives are offered by a specific prophylaxis focussing in the younger patient on conditions which will require on operation anyway and which, as experience shows, will lead to serious complications in old age. If these consequences are taken into account, old people can be spared many an operation. PMID- 6528628 TI - [Anesthesia and operability in emergencies in the aged]. PMID- 6528627 TI - [Indications and contraindications in operations for accidents and emergencies in the aged]. PMID- 6528629 TI - [Various aspects of psychopharmacotherapy in advanced age]. AB - The author describes possibilities to treat acute states of confusion, states of agitation as well as twilight states, the paranoid-hallucinatory syndrome, the depressive syndrome and organically caused sleep disturbances by psychotropic drugs. PMID- 6528630 TI - [Incidence of intercurrent complications and their prognostic value in elderly patients with femoral fractures near the hip]. AB - Geriatric patients, fracture of the femur proximal to the hip joint, frequency of intercurrent complications, surgical complications, fracture of the neck of the femur. The assessment of data of over 1,7000 cases of patients with fractures of the femur proximal to the hip joint is used to establish the frequency of intercurrent complications such as general, potentially fatal conditions and technical incidents during operations. Multidimensional biostatistical methods of evaluation are used to discuss the causes and interrelationships involved and to draw conclusions for the treatment of such fractures in elderly patients, especially among the oldest of this age group. PMID- 6528631 TI - [Problems in the organization and evaluation of dispensary care for the population of citizens of retirement age in basic ambulatory care]. AB - The paper deals with the dispensary care concept aiming at people at the age of retirement as target-group. The author explains the concept on the base of epidemiological requirements and shows ways how it is to be fulfilled under metro conditions opposite non-metro. Stress is laid on evaluative research, being an instrument of bringing out organizational forms the most effectives. Guiding principles for the evaluation of process-development being proposed. PMID- 6528632 TI - [Status and ideas of medical sociology research on the formation of relations of elderly citizens to their family members]. AB - With regard to the requirements of further medico-sociological research-work on the character of the relationship between elderly persons and their relatives- that is projected to be carried out by international scientific cooperation--the authors define positions concerning function and structure of the family under conditions of the socialist society. They identify several phases following each other, thus realizing the familial cyclus, the family members' respective positions being found appropriately modified or changed. Accordingly interactions patterns, relationship between the older and younger generations being involved, contain different problems of importance for relevant investigations. PMID- 6528633 TI - [Comparative evaluation of the dyes bromsulphthalein and indocyanine green in liver function diagnosis]. PMID- 6528634 TI - [Dangers in gastroenterologic roentgen diagnosis]. PMID- 6528635 TI - [Current supply of sun protection agents in East Germany]. PMID- 6528636 TI - [Results of maxillary sinus lavage in infants and small children]. PMID- 6528637 TI - [Results of tomography with polycyclic blur in tumors of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses]. PMID- 6528638 TI - [Scheuthauer-Marie-Sainton syndrome with convulsions and dementia]. PMID- 6528639 TI - [Tooth extraction in diabetics with reference to blood and urinary glucose values]. PMID- 6528640 TI - [Unwanted and toxic drug effects]. PMID- 6528641 TI - [Current aspects of diuretic use]. PMID- 6528642 TI - [Risk of pharmacotherapy from the viewpoint of the pathologist]. PMID- 6528643 TI - [Diagnostic errors and diagnostic delays in diseases in the area of the thorax]. PMID- 6528644 TI - [Normal value status for urine conductance in childhood following Adiuretin administration]. PMID- 6528645 TI - [The hypertension prevention program in East Germany]. PMID- 6528646 TI - [Recent knowledge in the pathophysiology, pathogenesis and hemodynamics of arterial hypertension as a base for scientifically founded diagnosis and therapy]. PMID- 6528647 TI - [Rational stage diagnosis in arterial hypertension]. PMID- 6528648 TI - [Functional diagnosis in arterial hypertension--its significance for general practice]. PMID- 6528649 TI - [Non-drug therapy of arterial hypertension]. PMID- 6528650 TI - [The hypertensive crisis]. PMID- 6528651 TI - Gram-negative bacterial endotoxins in airborne dusts from washed and unwashed cottons. AB - Gram-negative bacteria possess lipopolysaccharide-protein complexes termed endotoxins as an integral portion of their cell walls. These biologically active substances elicit profound effects both in vitro and in vivo. Organic dusts from many occupational environments contain measureable amounts of gram-negative bacteria and their endotoxins. In particular, cottons and cotton dusts contain these materials, and research is directed to elucidate the association between endotoxins and the acute and chronic respiratory effects of inhaling cotton dusts. It is the purpose of this paper to describe an experimental process which removes endotoxins from cotton by washing prior to processing the baled cottons. The studies show that water washing is a reliable method for removing endotoxins, and pulmonary function studies correlate well with endotoxin levels in the air. Quantification of airborne endotoxins provides a good indicator of cleanliness and toxocity of the cotton dusts. However, the differential toxicities of different endotoxins must be considered and evaluated further. PMID- 6528652 TI - [Value of spirometric, pneumotachographic and oscilloresistometric studies in the functional diagnosis of obstructive respiratory tract diseases]. AB - Tests were conducted on 90 smokers and a control group of 20 non-smokers using not only simple spirometry but also pneumotachography and the forced oscillation technique, including flow- and resistance-volume graphs. FEV1 was proved to be a sensitive screening test for early recognition of disfunction in the region of the small airways. 39,5% of the younger light smokers already showed signs of impairment to the breathing mechanics indicating exobronchial obstruction. The heavy, mostly older, smokers frequently showed complex disfunction, and in 55,3% the oscillatory resistance revealed quantifiable endobronchial obstruction. The oscillatory flow-resistance-increase-volume (as a percentage of vital capacity) proved the most sensitive small-airways-test during middle age, permitting significant distinction of smokers from non-smokers up to the age of 55. PMID- 6528653 TI - [Reference values for the inhomogeneity parameter V2/V1]. AB - In 1,169 healthy subjects (821 males and 348 females) aged 15 to 70 years was determined parameter V2/V1 from the flow-volume loop for the estimation of unequal ventilation by means of the electronic spirometer Pneumotest. Reference values and prediction equations for parameter V2/V1 are reported. PMID- 6528654 TI - [Combined endoscopic-endographic diagnosis of the larynx and trachea with contrast medium powders]. AB - The endographic examination by means of pulverized contrast media such as tantalum or visotrast acid has proved to be appropriate in laryngotracheobronchial diseases as a simple and safe, endoscopy-complementing method. It gives diagnostic radiological information in addition to endoscopic, orthograde evaluation by the frontal and sagittal image of the organ in which details of the structure and alterations can be detected. In 170 different examinations of the organ no threatening side-effects could be observed, even not in cases of remarkably obstructive changes. When giving contrast media containing iodine any known iodine allergies should be avoided, despite the water insolubility of the complex iodine compound. PMID- 6528656 TI - Importance of urban air pollution in chronic respiratory problems. AB - The prevalence of nonspecific respiratory diseases was confirmed by two physical examinations taken five years apart. Data were analysed in relation to the area of residence within the city. Particular emphasis was placed on higher or lower levels of atmospheric air pollution. Using multivariate methods of analysis it was shown that air pollution increased the risk of: persistent cough or phlegm, chronic bronchitis and reduced ventilatory capacity in the group of man exposed to occupational hazards. Additionally, it was noted that amongst men reporting persistent cough or phlegm, the prevalence of exacerbation of these symptoms was much greater in residents of more highly polluted parts of the city. In women, the prevalence of exacerbation of symptoms was associated with particular indoor environments. PMID- 6528655 TI - [Cystic hypoplasia of the lung--pathogenesis, clinical aspects, diagnosis and therapy]. AB - The results of the angiobronchological examination of 229 patients are presented, among them 175 with cystic hypoplasia of the lung, and 54 with acquired cyst-like bronchiectases. One hundred and nineteen of them were operated on. On the basis of investigations of cystic hypoplasia in newborns (9 observations) the morphological criteria of congenital malformations of the lung in adults were established. The clinical, roentgenological, angiographic, and functional data in both groups of patients were compared. The pecularities of pathogenesis of cystic hypoplasia and the indications for surgical treatment of the different patterns of the disease were defined. The late results (up to 10 years) proved favourable in 74% of surgically treated cases. PMID- 6528657 TI - [Differential diagnosis of round lung lesions--isolated tumor-like amyloidosis]. AB - One case of isolated tumorlike amyloidosis of the lung is reported. The patient was found by mass radiographic survey. Before operation the histological diagnosis was unknown. The specimen of lung from thoracotomia showed tumorlike amyloidosis and independent from amyloidosis sarcoid granulomatosis of uncertain cause. Isolated tumorlike amyloidosis of the lung is a very rear diagnosis. Thus diagnosis before operation is very difficult. In case of circular focus of undetermined etiology surgical intervention is indicated to avoid delayed resection of bronchial carcinoma. PMID- 6528658 TI - [Explanation of epidemic processes caused by Staphylococcus aureus using the clone concept]. PMID- 6528659 TI - [Urban host change cycle of Taenia saginata--an epidemiologic analysis]. PMID- 6528660 TI - [Development of the poison concept]. PMID- 6528661 TI - [Food public health-toxicologic evaluation in the use of plant protective agents and agents for the control of biological processes in East Germany]. PMID- 6528662 TI - [Complex laboratory microecosystems--a contribution to risk evaluation of chemicals]. PMID- 6528663 TI - [Histamine and fish hygiene]. PMID- 6528664 TI - [Psychodiagnosis in lead, mercury and manganese exposure--a report of experiences]. PMID- 6528665 TI - [Unusual poisonings and toxicologic study findings]. PMID- 6528666 TI - [Hematologic and immunologic studies in children from a heavily polluted highly industrialized area after health resort cure]. PMID- 6528667 TI - [Effect of low level long-term load with environmental pollutants on the immune system and methemoglobinemia]. PMID- 6528668 TI - [Food toxicology problems in the handling of treated seed grains]. PMID- 6528669 TI - [Development trend of DDE-induced eggshell thinning of the white-tailed eagle, Haliaeetus albicilla (L.) in East Germany]. PMID- 6528670 TI - [Results of conimetric dust measurement in sea travel from the northern to southern hemispheres across the Atlantic Ocean]. PMID- 6528671 TI - [Results of hospital hygiene control activity in medical practice and polyclinic laboratories by district public health inspection]. PMID- 6528672 TI - [Preliminary report on the national extermination campaign of Aedes (S) aegypti in the Republic of Cuba (31 May 1981 to 20 March 1982)]. PMID- 6528673 TI - [Requests for change in professional direction--selected results with special reference to occupational medicine aspects]. PMID- 6528674 TI - [Demographic status--population]. PMID- 6528675 TI - [What attitude to dying do we have today?]. AB - Deficient care and unfounded loneliness increasingly form the fate of dying patients. A change under the aspects of socialist norms is the task of the whole society. PMID- 6528676 TI - [Prognosis disclosure to the dying patient]. AB - Different, partly contrary opinions exist as to the difficult and important problem, how far the physician may or must go in informing the patient and his nearest relatives about an infaust prognosis. The author makes his own position which was under consideration in the working team "Ethical Problems" of the GDR Society of Internal Medicine subject of a discussion. PMID- 6528677 TI - [Helping to die--helping to live in the boundary between life and death]. AB - Help for the dying patient is a matter of the physician's duty in the sense of the help for life in a border-line situation of human life. Even if the activity of the physician is no more determined by the thought of the preservation of life, the aims in the care for dying patients are on principle to be compared with those in the care for other patients and contain essential principles of the activity of the physician: somatic area (treatment and care) psycho-social area (aid, care and communication). While the hospital in the somatic field has prerequisites for a careful treatment and care, the domestic milieu has advantages in the psycho-social area. It is recommended a flexible and individually adapted performance of the care of dying patients in the hospital and the domestic milieu. PMID- 6528678 TI - [Coagulation factor XII deficiency, a contribution to thrombophilia]. AB - The hereditary deficiency of Hageman's factor rarely occurs. The patients are mostly detected by chance. The leading symptom is the considerably prolonged partial thromboplastin time. A haemorrhagic diathesis is not present. Since in these patients thromboemoblic diseases are possible, in an ascertained diagnosis the prevention of thrombosis should be performed. PMID- 6528679 TI - [Is cholesterol lowering following UVA blood irradiation an effect of citrate?]. AB - On 92 patients the effect of the UV irradiation of blood on the blood parameters is studied. In the blood picture a decrease of leucocytes and reticulocytes is observed, in which case the latter is in connection with the decrease of blood and not with the UVA irradiation. In test persons with increased cholesterol level after UVA therapy as well as after a mere citrate infusion (anticoagulancy) during four weeks highly significant decrease of the cholesterol level, above all of the LDL-cholesterol appears. HDL cholesterol and triglycerides are not influenced. The decrease of cholesterol by citrate infusion is discussed and it is referred to possible therapeutic consequences. PMID- 6528680 TI - [Primary splenic cyst]. AB - Report on a splenic cyst in a 48-year-old female. On the basis of the post-mortem findings as well as of the survey of literature discussion of etiology, differential diagnosis and diagnostics. It is referred to the significance of the OSPI syndrome as possible sequela of splenectomy. PMID- 6528681 TI - [Results of local intracoronary fibrinolysis in acute myocardial infarct and the effects of reperfusion on the function of the left ventricle]. AB - Out of 46 patients who had undergone acute coronary angiography in 41 a definitive acute myocardial infarction was present. In 31 complete and in 10 cases subtotal obliterations of the infarct-related coronary artery were found. 14 patients had a one-vessel-disease, 8 a two-vessel-disease, but 19 a three vessel-disease. In these 41 patients with acute myocardial infarction a subsequent intracoronary fibrinolysis therapy with streptokinase or urokinase immediately followed, which was successful in 33 patients (80.5%). Coronarographically neither a recanalization or a marked improvement of luminal patency of the infarct-related coronary artery could be proved. In 4 patients an additional guidewire thrombus perforation was necessary. The intracoronary fibrinolysis lasted maximally 2 hours (average total dosage 121.000 +/- 45.000 U streptokinase) and was essentially well tolerated. Only 3 patients of the treatment group died. 20 patients underwent a repeated angiography on average 8 1/2 months after fibrinolysis therapy, out of this group in 10 successfully treated patients comparable quantitative angiographic investigations are present. Heart index, stroke volume and systolic ejection fraction improved significantly. The percental size of the non-contracting area of the myocardium decreased statistically significantly. The recanalized coronary arteries were still patent at control. PMID- 6528682 TI - [Behavior of conjugated bile acids in chronic liver disease]. AB - In 24 persons with healthy liver and 44 patients with chronic hepatopathies of different degree of severity (23 women and 16 men with chronic active hepatitis as well as 4 women and 1 man with unspecific degenerative damage of the liver parenchyma) in the C-bile conjugated bile acids were qualitatively differentiated. In contrast to persons with healthy liver in chronic hepatopathies apart from conjugated bile acids free bile acids appeared. The conjugation of the bile acids with taurine was proved in greater frequency than the glycine conjugation. Parallel to the degree of severity of the hepatopathy particularly the proportion of the taurine-conjugated dihydroxycholan acids increased, among which the tauro-chenodesoxycholic acid prevailed. The conjugation of the bile acids with glycine also in chronic hepatopathies remained longest in the fraction of the trihydroxycholan acids. The examinations show that the qualitative proof of the conjugated bile acids in the bile gives an additional information for the diagnostic estimation of the chronic hepatopathies. PMID- 6528683 TI - [Case report on osteoarthropathy following frostbite]. AB - On the basis of a casuistics of a 38-year-old male is reported on osteoarticular changes after local congelation. 10 years after a second- to third-degree injury of the right hand the patient was admitted to the dispensary for rheumatism under suspicion of a rheumatoid arthritis. Differential-diagnostic aspects and reports in literature on the clinical as well as radiological variation of the course of local congelations are discussed. Here the large temporary intervals between local frost injury, early and late clinical and radiological symptoms with 3 and 10 years, respectively, are conspicuous and little known. PMID- 6528684 TI - [Arthrocele as a cause of phlebothrombosis]. AB - Report on an extended thrombosis of the lower leg and the femur in which after a successless ambulatory treatment of one year an arthrocele of the knee-joint of the size of a fist could be proved. After operative removal of it a clinical regression of all symptoms of phlebothrombosis over a period of 2 years was observed. It is recommended to observe increasingly the in no case rare arthroceles in the thromboses of the lower extremities and if the occasion arises to include their operative treatment in the therapeutic considerations. PMID- 6528685 TI - [Development of the specialty "hypertonology"]. AB - The general tendency of the development of the sciences to differentiation is to be seen also within the discipline of internal medicine. By the formation of special tasks with a limited aim of realization the scientific subject of hypertonology developed. According to the regularities of the genesis of the discipline the process took place gradually. In the 18th and 19th century (prehistory) above all the method of measuring the blood pressure (technical prerequisite) developed. With the intensification of the process of cognition since the beginning of the 20 the century the actual development began (preparatory or initial phase). The qualitative breach (phase of constituation) was evoked by 1950 by making available highly effective remedies decreasing the blood pressure, the recommendations of the WHO concerning the limiting values of the blood pressure and the recognition of risk factors. Nowadays the scientific subject of hypertonology is fully acknowledged in research and health policy (phase of establishment); the process leads over to the phase of consolidation. PMID- 6528686 TI - [New developments in mass roentgen studies]. AB - Since 1984 in the GDR the persons older than 40 years are summoned to participate in the mass X-ray examinations in a two-year sequence. The risk groups of tuberculosis are called up at shorter intervals, this also concerns younger people. To this belong patients with silicosis, so-called "healthy carriers of lesions", persons with contacts to patients suffering from tuberculosis, diabetics and the staff of tuberculosis hospitals and pathological institutes. Furthermore, persons working in national education, kindergartens and cattle breeding are particularly controlled. Patients with chronic diseases of the respiratory tract need our increased attention. PMID- 6528687 TI - [The irritable colon]. AB - Gut dysfunction can be demonstrated in 20-30% of normal adults without ever developing real illness. Irritable bowel syndrome is not merely a gastrointestinal disturbance, but involves the whole organism. With respect to etiology a number of factors such as constitution, mental state and environment, colonic motility, gastrointestinal peptides, low residue diet, food intolerance and infections all seem to play a role. Positive diagnosis by electromyography has not gained any clinical relevance. Treatment of gastrointestinal functional disorders is characterized by a considerable positive response to placebo and is oriented towards individual symptoms. Bran and bulking agents are effective when constipation is present, opiate-agonists have a positive influence in diarrhoea, anti-cholinergics may be of some value in abdominal pain, antidepressants and sedatives given for a limited period of time may be beneficial in psychiatric symptoms. The combination most often used in therapy of irritable bowel syndrome consists of sedatives, anticholinergics and bulking agents. Psychotherapy can prolong the positive effects of medical therapy even beyond the treatment period. Long-term follow-up reveals a satisfactory response of the symptomatology in the majority of patients. PMID- 6528688 TI - Magnification of the endoscope during endoscopic retrograde cholangiography--a reliable standard for exact measurement of bileduct and bilestones. AB - In 57 patients undergoing endoscopic retrograde cholangiography (ERC) the magnification of the endoscope was determined by measurement of its diameter depicted on the X-rays. A magnification of 30.2 +/- 10.6% (mean +/- SD) ranging from 8 to 58% in individual patients was recorded. The clinical reliability of the method was confirmed by comparing the diameters of 13 bile duct stones assessed in-situ and after removal respectively. Although the magnification tended to be higher in obese patients, no correlation between body weight and the degree of the magnification could be established. Our data add further doubt to the reliability of the radiologic bile duct measurement if not referred to a reliable standard which can be easily provided by the endoscope. This is particularly important whenever therapeutic interventions are planned which critically depend on exact determination of diameters, like bile duct stone removal with or without endoscopic papillotomy, lithotripsy or introduction of transpapillary enthoprothesis. PMID- 6528689 TI - [Ceruletide--a sensible adjuvant measure in ERCP?]. AB - The gastro-intestinal hormone Ceruletide is used for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. Apart from other effects, Ceruletid brings about a relaxation of the Sphincter of Oddi. In the present double-blind study, it was examined on 70 patients whether the effect of this drug can facilitate the cannulation of the Papilla Vateri. Using a dosage of 50 ng/kg body weight Ceruletid in i.m. application the examination time required by the most experienced examiner up to the cannulation of the Papilla Vateri was shortened by half with respect to the collective control group treated with placebo. In the case of less experienced examiners, there was no statistically significant difference in the time of sondage between Ceruletid and the administration of a placebo. Clinical parameters as well as chemical parameters in the laboratory did not reveal any abnormalities. Complications or incompatibilities caused by this drug were not observed. PMID- 6528690 TI - [Chronic pancreatitis: sensitivity, specificity and predictive value of the pancreolauryl test]. AB - Assessment of the clinical value of the pancreolauryl test (PLT) in the literature range from "useless" to a specifity of 95% and a sensitivity of 98%. In this work, our own data are presented in relation to various reference methods. The results are derived from the largest collective investigated to data, comprising 40 controls and 391 patients (108 with chronic pancreatitis and 283 with other gastrointestinal disorders). The specifity of the the PLT varies between 81% and 95% according to the "quality" of the control collective. The PLT is particularly frequently pathological in patients with diseases in the region of the gallbladder/bile duct and the gastrointestinal tract. The sensitivity of the PLT for chronic pancreatitis varies between 68% and 100%, depending on 9 different reference methods employed. Based on the prevalence of chronic pancreatitis with exocrine insufficiency in various patient collectives, the predictive value of the PLT for the presence of this disorder can be calculated using our data. PMID- 6528691 TI - [Retinoids and carcinogenesis]. PMID- 6528692 TI - [Keratoplastic effect of salicyclic acid, sulfur and a tensio-active mixture]. AB - The right lower inner arms of 22 healthy test persons in total have been treated either with 6% salicylic acid solution in 70% isopropyl alcohol, or with 5% precipitated sulphur mixture in white petrolatum, or with a surfactant mixture. The basic preparations without active agents have been applied to the corresponding skin area on the left arms. The thickness of the corneal layer on both arms was measured by means of the cantharidin blister method. Salicylic acid, sulphur, as well as the surfactant mixture all led to a more significant reduction of the corneal layer than the basic preparations. Under the chosen test conditions, the keratolytic effect of all three substances has thus been proven. PMID- 6528693 TI - [Bifonazole for the topical treatment of surface mycoses--progress!]. AB - 69 patients with superficial mycosis were treated with 1% Bifonazol cream once a day. 48 of them who suffered from tinea pedis interdigitalis received Bifonazol for 3 weeks, the remaining 21 patients who had superficial candidiasis applied it over a period of 4 weeks. The local tolerance of the cream has been very good. Control examinations 3 and 14 days after treatment proved 59 (89%) of all patients to be cured, i.e. 40 of those who had suffered from tinea pedis and 19 of the group with candidiasis. PMID- 6528694 TI - [Abt-Letterer-Siwe disease, combined with spastic disorders of the Little type]. PMID- 6528695 TI - [Neodymium:YAG laser in dermatologic therapy]. AB - We report on our experiences with a powerful neodymium:YAG-laser in treatment of benign and malignant skin tumors as well as various other conditions such as removal of tattoos. The rapidity of the laser treatment which can be carried out under local anaesthesia, allows the treatment of even large tumors in critical locations as well as in the elderly. The cosmetic results are comparable to those obtained by dermatologic X-ray therapy. Before complete healing of the coagulated area is achieved, however, a rather long period elapses. The cosmetic outcome after removal of tattoos largely depends on the level of the dermis the pigment is deposited in; all in all, our results are not superior to other treatment schedules. PMID- 6528696 TI - [Metabolism of the ischemic myocardium--clinical aspects]. AB - Knowledge of metabolic changes in ischaemic myocardium is vital to the understanding of pathophysiological relations. The altered metabolic conditions in the myocardium during ischaemia are helpful in the diagnosis of coronary heart disease, but quantitative statements are as yet only possible under certain conditions. Reestablishment of the myocardial oxygen supply is essential in immediately influencing myocardial metabolism. Thrombolysis is therefore a theoretically sound measure in myocardial infarction, but proof of clinical efficacy has yet to be provided, probably because of critical durations of ischaemia. PMID- 6528697 TI - [Hemodynamics in ischemia: diastolic phase]. AB - The diastolic portion of the cardiac cycle can be divided into sequential phases: isovolumic ventricular relaxation; rapid ventricular filling; slow, or passive, ventricular filling; and atrial contraction. Contraction and relaxation are to some extent interrelated; however, relaxation is not simply a passive reversal of events during systole. Rather, relaxation is an energy-consuming process which involves dissociation of calcium from the actin-myosin-complex and reuptake of calcium by the sarcoplasmic reticulum. Left ventricular diastolic function is determined by the interrelationship of several/factors, including some intrinsic to the left ventricular chamber (completeness of left ventricular relaxation, time course of left ventricular contraction, and elastic and viscous properties of the myocardium) and others extrinsic to the left ventricle (pericardial and pleural pressure, right ventricular contraction, and coronary perfusion pressure). Acute ischemia alters diastolic left ventricular function by: slowing isovolumic relaxation, delaying left ventricular filling and altering passive elastic properties of the myocardium. Slowing of isovolumic relaxation is measured as a fall in the maximal rate of left ventricular pressure decline (peak negative dP/dt) and as an increase in the time constant (T) of left ventricular pressure fall. Delayed left ventricular filling is manifested regionally as a reduced rate of septal and posterior wall thinning (by echocardiography) and globally as a reduced rate of chamber filling (by gated radionuclide angiography).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6528698 TI - [Prevention of coronary heart disease--practical viewpoints]. AB - The recently published intervention studies have shown that effective prevention of coronary artery disease can be done by risk factor modification. Identification and care for patients with higher risk is a challenge for the attending physician. He should focus his attention on the three major risk factors: hypertension, hypercholesterinemia and smoking. Normalisation of eating behaviour is the basis in the treatment of hypertension and hypercholesterinemia. For smoking cessation family members should also be advised to stop smoking, too. An effective reduction in the risk profile by life style changes can only be achieved if a good relation between patient and physician can be established. PMID- 6528699 TI - [Pathogenesis of coronary sclerosis]. AB - It should first be pointed out that all arterial wall cells are mesenchymal cells, and that arteriosclerosis is a reactive disease of the arterial wall. A huge amount of different pathological factors is capable of inducing a reaction of arterial wall cells in the context of the "unspecific mesenchymal reaction". The reaction of the arterial wall cells to the influence of these factors is a biological process occurring as a complicated event of induction and reaction. The primary, necessary and fundamental pathological event in the process of atherogenesis is an alteration in the metabolism of the arterial wall cells induced by pathological risk factors. The direct result of these pathological alterations in the metabolism of the arterial wall cells are changes in structure and function of the entire arterial wall and the individual arterial wall cells (intimal lesion, hyalinosis, fibrosis, lipidosis, fibrinoses and thrombosis). PMID- 6528700 TI - [Plasma lipoproteins in humans: metabolism and relation to atherosclerosis]. AB - For a better understanding of atherogenesis it is important to consider the results from basic research in pathophysiology, pathobiochemistry and clinical research with special focus on the endothelium, the smooth muscle cells, macrophages, platelets and the plasma lipoproteins. The penetration of low density lipoproteins through the endothelium, the contact of these particles with the potential foam cells, the effect of various cellular migratory and growth factors, the prostaglandin system and the hormonal status are important factors in the mechanisms leading to the formation of the atherosclerostic plaque. Disturbances in lipid metabolism are rarely recognized by signs such as formation of xanthomata. Even the measurement of plasma lipids does not always allow conclusions to be drawn with regard to the complicated relationship between lipoprotein concentrations and their potential risk. To estimate this risk biochemical and clinical interpretation must be performed individually and under consideration of various factors. This also holds true for the choice of therapeutical management. The therapy of lipid metabolism has to be an approach to the therapy of atherosclerosis with reduction of elevated low-density lipoprotein concentrations as the most important goal. Therapeutic management should be individually assessed, taking all known risk factors into account. PMID- 6528701 TI - The role of the platelets. AB - In the light of the principal pathological findings in coronary thrombosis this contribution deals with the mechanisms responsible for initiating platelet aggregation in an atherosclerotic artery and with the question of how haemorrhage into a ruptured plaque triggers platelet thrombogenesis. PMID- 6528702 TI - [Progression and regression of coronary sclerosis in the angiographic image]. AB - The natural history of coronary artery disease has to be studied by comparing coronary angiograms of the same patient taken at different times. However, conclusions from repeated angiographic studies are fraught with substantial errors mainly because of: 1. patients selection, 2. variable time interval and 3. technical pitfalls. Despite this bias published interval studies demonstrate that coronary atherosclerosis predominantly is a progressive disease: after 2-3 years 50% to 60%, after 3-4 years 60% to 70% and after 5 years more than 80% of patients demonstrate progressive coronary artery disease at angiography. In addition, quantitative evaluation of coronary angiograms reveals that progression of coronary artery disease: 1. has a variable pattern and pace in each coronary artery and 2. predominantly involves initially normal coronary artery segments. From all clinical and angiographic parameters under scrutiny progressive coronary artery disease is significantly correlated to: abnormal lipid levels at the time of the first angiogram, a period of unstable angina pectoris, interval myocardial infarction and initial severity of coronary artery obstruction. It has to be emphasized, however, that in the individual patient the speed of progression is highly variably supporting the concept of different underlying pathophysiological mechanisms (primary/secondary progression). Regression or coronary stenosis is a rare phenomenon which may occur spontaneously and is anecdotally reported in patients after vigorous treatment of severe hyperlipoproteinemia. PMID- 6528703 TI - [Mechanisms of coronary circulation regulation]. AB - Metabolic-induced vasodilation which occurs after sympathetic stimulation of the heart and which results in an increased coronary flow is opposed by an alpha 2 receptor mediated vasoconstriction. Under pathophysiological conditions, when coronary vascular reserve is exhausted (e.g. distal to severe coronary stenosis), alpha 2-receptor induced vasoconstriction can critically limit O2-supply. The identity of vasodilatory metabolic products liberated by the heart is still a matter of debate. Of the several factors proposed (including H+, K+, PO2, PCO2, prostaglandins, adenosine) adenosine is the only metabolite released in dilating quantities into the coronary circulation. This compound is a breakdown product of cardiac adenine nucleotides and acts via specific membrane receptors which mediate activation of the adenylate cyclase system. The major stimulus leading to enhanced adenosine production is a disequilibrium between O2-supply and O2 demand. Besides the cardiac myocyte the coronary endothelium can produce and release adenosine. An intact endothelium is obligatory for the dilatory effects of several vasoactive hormones. The relevance of a myoendothelial mechanism for coronary blood flow regulation, however, remains to be elucidated. PMID- 6528704 TI - [Tonus of epicardial main arteries and dynamic stenosis]. AB - Under physiologic conditions the tone of the epicardial coronary arteries plays a minimal role in the regulation and distribution of myocardial blood flow. However, under pathophysiologic conditions, especially in coronary heart disease, even small changes in tone may play an eminent role. A uniform mechanism for the induction of excessive coronary constriction and spasm is as yet not recognizable. It is probably a multifactorial event in which different, variable factors add to or potentiate each other. This constriction or spasm inducing chain can with certainty only be interrupted at one of its last links: prevention of an excessive activation of the smooth vascular contractile apparatus through a reduction of the activating calcium influx (calcium antagonists) or through an increase of the intracellular cGMP-content with nitrates (through a not yet identified relaxation procedure). In this brief review constriction-inducing or potentiating factors are discussed in context with the "dynamic stenosis:" alpha adrenergic and parasympathetic mechanisms, serotonin, histamine, prostanoids and leukotrienes, finally changes of endothelial factors. Under experimental conditions these factors may bring about a more or less pronounced coronary constriction. In animal experiments it is only possible in mini-pigs with experimental coronary atheromatosis or sclerosis (in combination with experimental endothelial damage) to induce spasm-like constrictions of the large epicardial arteries using histamine or serotonin. Under a variety of clinical conditions the importance of these factors for the induction of dynamic coronary stenoses was shown to be of potential significance.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6528705 TI - [Calcium antagonists: effect on peripheral and coronary hemodynamics]. AB - The effects of calcium channel blocking drugs, so-called calcium antagonists, on the human heart and circulation are a composite of various direct (cardiac) and indirect (peripheral vascular) actions. When injected into the coronary circulation, calcium antagonists produce a direct negative inotropic effect on the human myocardium that is characterized by a depression of DP/DT and left ventricular ejection fraction, an increase in end-diastolic pressure and a decrease in systolic pressure. When administered intravenously, sublingually or orally, all calcium antagonists cause a fall in systemic vascular resistance and a drop in systemic arterial pressure, but their actions on cardiac function are less uniform. In particular, a baroreceptor-mediated reflex increase in betaadrenergic tone that is triggered by the fall in blood pressure and depends in degree on the compound and the route of administration, may counterbalance or override the direct negative inotropic effect. As a result, myocardial contractility and ventricular performance can be depressed, unchanged, or even enhanced by calcium antagonists, depending on the underlying status of myocardial function. In the coronary circulation, calcium antagonists, whether administered directly or indirectly (systemically), elicit relaxation of vascular smooth muscle and vasodilatation that is associated with an increase in global coronary blood flow. In contrast to the effects of other vasodilating drugs, however, flow is found to be enhanced not only in myocardial regions supplied by normal coronaries but also in poststenotic areas, at rest as well as with rapid atrial pacing. Although not entirely understood, this latter phenomenon may be of particular interest for the treatment of patients with coronary disease and angina pectoris. PMID- 6528707 TI - The morphogenesis of vasculature elements in the fetal skin of sheep. PMID- 6528706 TI - Mechanism(s) of calcium antagonists and ischemia. AB - An overview is provided of the mechanismen of action of the three main calcium antagonists: nifedipine, verapamil and diltiazem, in ischemic heart disease. The thesis is proposed that in individual cases with angina pectoris and ischemic heart disease different and differing actions must be expected with this type of pharmaco-therapy. PMID- 6528708 TI - The adrenal gland components in the head kidneys of some marine and fresh water teleosts from Egypt. PMID- 6528709 TI - Scanning electron microscopic observation on the luminal surface of the intestine in lamprey (Lampetra japonica) during upstream migration. PMID- 6528710 TI - [Enzyme differentiation in the visceral yolk sac epithelium of the rat]. PMID- 6528711 TI - Morphological changes in the basolateral membrane of the villus cells of the rat small intestine upon Triton X100 extraction. PMID- 6528712 TI - [Origin of the cardiac glands of the cat]. PMID- 6528713 TI - Preparation of isolated Muller cells of the mammalian (rabbit) retina. PMID- 6528714 TI - An electron microscope study of the dorsal gray commissure of the rat spinal cord (segment C-1). PMID- 6528715 TI - [Free axon endings in the mouse epiglottis]. PMID- 6528716 TI - Electron microscopic study on the prenatal development of the tracheal epithelium in the one-humped camel (Camelus dromedarius). PMID- 6528717 TI - A histological study of the apocrine sweat glands in some regions of the skin of the buffaloes in Egypt. PMID- 6528718 TI - Pancreatic duct glands. III. Morphology of secretory epithelium and endoepithelial glands. PMID- 6528719 TI - [Urinary protein pattern in rats following castration and substitution with sex hormones]. PMID- 6528722 TI - Nerve endings in the lizard skin (Lacerta viridis). PMID- 6528720 TI - Mammary involution and fasting effect on the fine structure of the mammary gland of the pregnant Myotis myotis. PMID- 6528721 TI - Electron microscopic study of the gonadotropin-thyrotropin overlap on the chick embryo thyroid. PMID- 6528724 TI - Women, children need WIC support, WIC needs physician support. PMID- 6528725 TI - Chest pain with pulmonary infiltrate: clinicopathology conference. PMID- 6528723 TI - Morphological asymmetry of the habenulae of a macrosmatic mammal, the mole. PMID- 6528726 TI - Infant botulism in Virginia: case report. PMID- 6528727 TI - Surgical management of attic retraction and chronic adhesive otitis media. PMID- 6528728 TI - [3-Hydroxypyridine derivatives--a new class of psychotropic compounds]. PMID- 6528729 TI - [Pathogenetically based correction of cerebral circulatory hypoxia in the acute period of experimental intracerebral hemorrhage]. PMID- 6528730 TI - [Immunomorphological characteristics of cutaneous vasculitis (angiitis)]. PMID- 6528731 TI - [Sorption immunocorrection and rheological properties of the blood in patients with disseminated psoriasis]. PMID- 6528732 TI - [Various aspects of the pathogenesis of chronic pyoderma]. PMID- 6528733 TI - [Morphometric analysis of epidermal ultrastructure]. PMID- 6528734 TI - [Psychoemotional status of dermatological patients and urgent problems of deontological tactics]. PMID- 6528735 TI - [Symptomatology, clinical forms and variants of Kaposi's sarcoma]. PMID- 6528736 TI - [Ectodermal dysplasia]. PMID- 6528737 TI - [Familial case of Jadassohn-Lewandowski syndrome]. PMID- 6528738 TI - [Tolerance of acrylate gels for topical use]. PMID- 6528739 TI - [Cutaneous hirudiniasis]. PMID- 6528740 TI - [Physician's tactics in cases of persistent positive serological tests after the treatment of early forms of syphilis]. PMID- 6528741 TI - [Diagnosis of hard chancre of extragenital localization]. PMID- 6528742 TI - [Results of serological studies of patients with early latent syphilis and its late forms]. PMID- 6528743 TI - [Mechanical properties of the skin. 3. Psoriasis]. PMID- 6528744 TI - Intersectoral linkages and health development. Case studies in India (Kerala State), Jamaica, Norway, Sri Lanka, and Thailand. PMID- 6528745 TI - [Toxicologic survey of findings in putrefied corpses. Corpse putrefaction in air]. AB - Autopsies were conducted on 234 putrefied corpses (exposed to the air, not buried) at the Institute for Forensic Medicine of the University of Hamburg from January 1979 to May 1983. Estimating the time it had taken to reach the respective degree of putrefaction was almost impossible. Only anamnestic clues provided evidence to ascertain the approximate time of death (between 3 days and 46 months ago). The cadavers were found in different locations: outdoors, inside heated or non-heated rooms. Some corpses wore clothes; others were naked; some were covered with blankets or other material. Chemicotoxicological analyses consisted of routine methods and additional modern sophisticated techniques: capillary gas chromatography, combined GC/MS, infrared spectrometry, radio- and enzyme-immunological tests. In organ specimens and body fluids of 47 corpses organic medicaments or poisons could be detected. Nearly all of these 47 forensic autopsies were carried out by request of the legal authorities to rule out legal intoxication as well as the influence of illegal drugs or medicaments. Unlike 20 years ago, today it is possible to detect and quantify organic drugs and poisons as well as their metabolic products, especially minor or major tranquilizers or barbiturates, in highly putrefied specimens. In spite of analytical progress, interpretation of some chemotoxicological results remains difficult. Poor anamnestic data provide insufficient clues. Therefore, pathologicoanatomical and histological results have special significance for the final conclusions. Good cooperation between the pathologist and toxicologist is one of the imperative prerequisites to come to a satisfying result. PMID- 6528746 TI - [Supravital electrical excitability of muscles]. AB - A new method of postmortem electrical stimulation of muscles, measuring the force of the reaction against time, is presented. Preliminary investigations have yielded the following results: The maximum force of reaction in response to a definitive stimulation, measured by a sensitive force transducer, decreases in proportion to the post mortem interval. Using this method, the mechanical reactions of muscles by electrical stimulation can be demonstrated over a much longer postmortem period as these movements are visible. The duration of postmortem reaction of different muscles seems to be much more uniform than was previously assumed. Occasionally, reactions of the M. orbicularis oculi can be seen for the longest time. The basal muscular tonus changes relative to time. The time course of a single force reaction also changes relative to the postmortal interval: the reaction becomes slower. It has been theoretically established that measurement of influencing factors such as temperature and pH in the tested muscle will enable the time of death to be more precisely estimated. PMID- 6528747 TI - [Forensic application of the polymorphism of coagulation factor XIIIB]. AB - Gene frequencies of coagulation factor XIIIB polymorphism were determined in a random population sample of east Westphalia (n = 417). Furthermore, mendelian inheritance of alleles was examined in 60 families. Determinations were made after treatment of serum samples with neuraminidase by immunofixation on agarose gels. All six phenotypes were observed in our population sample. The gene frequencies were: FXIIIB1 = 0.71, FXIIIB2 = 0.11, FXIIIB3 = 0.18. The family data confirm the hypothesis of autosomal inheritance of three common alleles and disprove the two-allele model of Kera et al. [5]. PMID- 6528748 TI - [Fatal colchicine poisoning]. AB - In two cases, after i.v. injections of colchicine serum concentrations of 170 ng/ml and 240 ng/ml were found before death. Colchicine was extracted from serum with the aid of Extrelut extraction columns and analysed using HPLC. Urine was also analysed and the findings were confirmed by drawing a UV-curve for colchicine using the stop-flow method. In one case, colchicine was still detectable in urine 10 days after injection. PMID- 6528749 TI - [Gm and Km allotype determination in fresh and putrefied dilute stomach extracts]. AB - The authors were able to determine reliably Gm and Km allotypes in extracts of fresh human stomach. The results achieved in extracts of putrefied material, however, had a significantly increased rate of errors. Possibilities for those errors are discussed. A description for preparing the organs is given. PMID- 6528750 TI - [Formation of epidermal damage at entry by gunshot with a contact weapon]. AB - Examination of contact bullet wounds shows the patterned inprint of the muzzle on the skin ("stanzmark") and further ragged structures around the periphery to be the remainders of the abraded epithelium. Usually these are turned outwards and from arch-shaped intraepithelial recesses, which contain residual amounts of propellant. The damage and soiling around the point of entry are the result of two factors in combination: the combustion gases and the gases escaping between the skin surface and the front of the barrel. This leads to different amounts of skin abrasion dependent on the amount and pressure of the gases. In this way, the frequently seen difference in size and shape of the stanzmark and the muzzle front can be explained. PMID- 6528751 TI - Interlaboratory survey on thallium in urine. AB - Quality assurance of analytic results was legalized in the Federal Republic of Germany by the law regulating the calibration of measuring devices of July 11, 1969, and the ordinance concerning the exception from compulsory calibration dated June 29, 1970. Accordingly, in the field of health care the Guidelines of the Medical Society of West Germany for the realization of quality assurance activities have to be followed. Since January 1, 1974, the law regulating the calibration of measuring devices has been fully effective. In the field of legal medicine the clinico-toxicologic analysis is considered to be a part of health care. As far as quantitative determinations are considered, these analyses have to follow the regulations mentioned above. To fulfil the basic program, adequate control samples are necessary. For toxicologic analysis there have been no control samples so far. Therefore, a control sample for thallium has been developed which can be used for long- and short-term interlaboratory surveys. The results are reported. PMID- 6528752 TI - [Heroin dependence as a rare cause of symmetrical globus pallidus necrosis]. AB - Long-term survival after carbon monoxide intoxication has been accepted for a long time as pathognomonic for elective cerebral tissue damage, especially in cases of isolated symmetrical necrosis of the globus pallidus. The results of old bilateral necrosis in the globus pallidus are described in a case of an acute heroin death after long-term drug abuse. The evaluation of such cerebral changes is discussed as they have to be interpreted as hypoxic or oligemic tissue damage. The different causes of symmetrical necrosis of the globus pallidus that are relevant for legal medicine are compiled and discussed. PMID- 6528753 TI - [Correspondence of functional and structural findings in tubulo-interstitial disorders in chronic glomerulonephritis]. AB - In 237 patients with chronic glomerulonephritis and according to the serum creatinine level of functional compensation tubular and tubulointerstitial renal functions, respectively, were investigated and compared with the light microscopic findings of the renal interstice. A distinct structural tubulointerstitial lesion (tiK) was found in 30%. The diagnostic predictivity for the recognition and the exclusion of the tiK was tested for single or paired data of the renal function. As a result it is possible with a suitable combination of parameters in on an average more than 80% of the cases to establish or to exclude function-diagnostically a tubulointerstitial structural lesion even in still inconspicuous creatinine values. From the clinical point of view thus the information value of functional diagnostic investigations of the renal water treatment is confirmed (concentration power, dilution ability, water diuresis), in which case the differentiated test of the renal acidification may supplement the informations about the tiK-situation. PMID- 6528754 TI - [Peritoneum as dialysis membrane--a morphologic study]. AB - Different histological staining methods allow a deeper insight into the light microscopic structures of the biomembrane peritoneum. To the wellknown model of the peritoneal resistances according to existing results two other resistances shall be added, namely capillary pericytes and the submesothelial basal membrane. The peritoneal interstice, consisting of muscle and collagenic fibres as well as elastica fibres is penetrated by a well-formed network of reticulum fibres. In these cases is to be recognized a primary structure, characterized by compact, moniliform, doubled, screw-like and fenestrated structures, and a secondary structure, which is characterized by a cylindrical arrangement of these structures. This texture of fibres allows according to morphological points of view an intrainterstitial liquid transport in horizontal and vertical direction, which in irregular position of the anyhow scantily existing capillaries of the peritoneum is prerequisite for a regularly appearing transperitoneal liquid and substance transport in direction of the free abdominal cavity as well as vice versa. PMID- 6528755 TI - [The significance of "capsular infiltration" of testicular Leydig cells--an autopsy study]. AB - By means of histiopathologic analysis of testes from 462 autopsy cases of extratesticular diseases, the frequency and degree of so-called "capsular infiltration" of testicular Leydig cells as well as its relationship to hyperplasia of intraparenchymal Leydig cells and atrophy of the seminiferous tubules were semiquantitatively investigated. As a result, a positive correlation was demonstrated between the number of intracapsular Leydig cells and age, and the possibility of this phenomenon as an ageing process was suggested. Simultaneous hyperplastic processes of intraparenchymal Leydig cells were also associated with significantly higher frequency of "capsular infiltration". In addition, the morphogenesis of capsular Leydig-cells as well as several possible mechanisms concerning local control of Leydig cells were discussed from the analogy of other endocrine systems and review of literatures. PMID- 6528756 TI - [Metabolic triglyceride storage disorders. A report of 2 cases of systemic carnitine deficiency]. AB - Two cases of triglyceride storage in liver, kidney, heart, and skeletal muscle are described in infants who died at the age of 1 1/2 years and 4 d, respectively. In the first patient, a previously normal girl, the clinical symptoms began two months before death with encephalopathy (vomiting, unconsciousness), liver enlargement, hypoglycemia, increase in serum transaminases. These signs disappeared within the following days. Some weeks later she died during the second attack. The 4-d-old boy, the second child of healthy consanguineous parents, showed at the third day of life an impaired sucking, muscular hypotonia, respiratory arrest and bradycardia. An intensive therapy was inefficient. At autopsy gross examination showed only a moderately enlarged yellow liver and an edematous brain in the first case and pale organs in the second one but no cause of death. The microscopial examination of all tissues of both cases showed fat storage within the four organs mentioned above. The common histochemical methods for neutral lipids were positive, the Schultz reaction for cholesterol and cholesterol esters was negative. The lipid loaden cells did not show birefringence in polarized light. A predominance and strong fat storage of the type I fibres was found in the skeletal muscle. The storage of triglyceride could be confirmed by histochromatography, a thin-layer chromatography of tissue sections. The triglyceride accumulation in liver, heart, kidney, and skeletal muscle is a characteristic feature of systemic carnitine deficiency. The clinical symptoms of the first patient are in agreement with reports of this disease also. A carnitine deficiency in a newborn was not yet described. Family studies revealed a low carnitine concentration in the mother's serum in both cases, while the serum of father and brother resp. sister showed normal carnitine levels. PMID- 6528757 TI - [Clinically unsuspected bronchial carcinoma in selected autopsy material]. AB - During the period from January 1967 until December 1976, 8,503 adults and children (former inhabitants of the town of Erfurt) have been autopsied at the Institute of Pathology of the Medical Academy of Erfurt. In 2,496 of these cases a notifiable malignant tumor has been autoptically. 383 of them (15.3%) had a malignant tumor of the trachea, bronchi, or lung (ICD 162); their proportion in the autopsy material of the town of Erfurt was 4.5%. Clinical and autoptical diagnoses were identical in 227 of 383 necropsied cases (59.3%). In 108 cases (28.2%) a malignant tumor has only been suspected, and in 48 cases (12.5%) the bronchial carcinoma was detected only at necropsy. The number of the clinically only suspected and of the clinically unknown bronchial carcinomas increases beyond the 6th decade of life. Their proportion in females is higher than in males. The bronchial carcinoma was the direct cause of death in 214 cases (55.9%). In 142 autopsied cases (37.1%) the neoplasm was the basic disease, and only in 29 cases (7.0%) the tumor was estimated as an accompanying disease. PMID- 6528758 TI - [Growth behavior of amnion cell cultures]. AB - Both amniotic fluid samples and amniotic fluid cell cultures of a total of 52 patients were evaluated. At 15 to 16 weeks' gestation there are 2.2 X 10(4) cells/ml amniotic fluid increasing significantly to 3.7 X 10(4) cells/ml at 19 to 20 weeks' gestation. The percentage of viable cells is about 18. After 10 d of culture 14.4 +/- 8.2 cell colonies/culture flask are developed consisting of 61% AF-cells, 33% E-cells and 6% F-cells. After 14 d of culture 60 +/- 32 metaphases/cell culture flask were found. At the 10th day of culture 80% of cell colonies are already present indicating that reduced duration of culture appears possible. Therefore the interval to diagnosis can be shortened and a possible interruption of pregnancy can be earlier done under reduced risks. PMID- 6528759 TI - [Clinically unsuspected notifiable tumors in selected autopsy material]. AB - From January 1967 until December 1976, 25,361 inhabitants of the town of Erfurt have died, and 8,503 of them were autopsied at the Pathological Institute of Erfurt. This corresponds to a necropsy rate of 33.5% (36.9% in males and 30.7% in females). 2,496 of 4,638 patients with a notifiable malignant tumor (53.8%) were autopsied. In 1,509 (60.5%) of them the tumor was clinically known, in 687 cases (27.5%) it had been suspected and in 300 patients (12%) the tumor was clinically occult. The proportion of clinically only suspected but unknown notifiable tumors increases beyond the 6th decade of life. In general, this is more frequent in males than in females. Malignomas of liver, CNS, pancreas, gall bladder and extrahepatic bile ducts belong to the most frequent clinically unsuspected tumors. The notifiable tumor was the direct cause of death in 1,212 (48.5%) of the deceased patients, in 1,088 (43.6%) it was the basic disease. Only in 196 cases (7.9%) the tumor was assessed to be an accompanying disease. PMID- 6528760 TI - [Intraductal (intracystic) papilloma of the male breast]. AB - Report on a case of a 26-year-old man with an intraductal papilloma of the brast developed on a preexisting gynecomastia. Simultaneously the patient is suffering from a tumor of the pituitary gland with signs of acromegaly and pathologically increased serum concentrations of STH and ACTH. The possibility that the pituitary gland tumor has indirectly induced the intraductal papilloma by hormonal stimulation is discussed. PMID- 6528761 TI - [Soft tissue clear cell sarcoma. Morphology, differential diagnosis and tumor classification]. AB - Clear cell sarcomas of tendons and aponeuroses were first described by Enzinger in 1965 and are characterized by the occurrence in young adults, frequent location in the distal lower extremity and slow, but often relentless clinical course. The histologic features of 5 own cases are presented, the cellular arrangement in nest-, cluster- or "ball"-like formations and a prominent nucleolus are emphasized as most reliable diagnostic patterns. Some aspects of differential diagnosis are discussed, especially those concerning its histologic distinction from fibrosarcomas, malignant melanomas, malignant Schwannomas and synovial sarcomas. The electron microscopic examination of one case revealed findings which may be considered as typical for tumors developed from neural crest derived cells: envelopment of many tumor cells by basal lamina-like structures, specialized cellular contacts, interdigitations of cellular processes and "wrapping around"-phenomena (so-called mesocollagen formation). Some neurosecretory granules (not described till now in clear cell sarcomas) and fibrous long spacing collagen further support the suggestion that clear cell sarcomas pertain to the group of tumors with relationship to neuroectodermal cells and tissues. We feel that, because of their typical histologic picture and their particular clinical behavior, they should not be regarded as malignant (soft tissue) melanomas or malignant (melanotic) Schwannomas but retained as a defined clinico-pathological entity. PMID- 6528762 TI - [Aneurysm ruptures of the abdominal aorta]. AB - Rupture of an abdominal aortic aneurysm remains a dramatic complication and its operative mortality is still about 50%. The authors reviewed 41 cases of ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysms which were operated from 1978 to 1983. On arrival at the hospital and after clinical diagnosis, the patients were rapidly brought to the theatre without specialized complementary examinations. Coated Dacron prostheses were used in all cases. The operated patients were brought to the intensive care unit where special attention was given to central venous pressure, arterial pressure and capillary wedge pressure (Swan-Ganz-catheter). The authors tried to determine the influence of shock, preoperative delay, blood loss, age and associated diseases on the mortality rate. In this series the perioperative mortality (30 days) could be reduced to 39%. PMID- 6528763 TI - [Surgical treatment of anomalies of the thoracic aorta]. AB - The surgical treatment of five patients aged from 15 to 25 years and affected with interrupted aortic arch without associated cardiac malformations is reported. Furthermore, 28 patients suffering from atresia of the aortic arch were operated upon. Vascular rings of the aorta were found with a double aortic arch in 4 children while 7 patients had an arteria lusoria. PMID- 6528764 TI - [Lesion of the vagus nerve in rupture of the cervical trachea]. PMID- 6528765 TI - [Possibilities of therapy of bronchus fistulas following pneumonectomy]. PMID- 6528766 TI - [Selected methods of scientific dialogology]. PMID- 6528767 TI - [Brain tumor removal with an ultrasound aspirator]. AB - A report is given on the application of an ultrasound aspirator for the removal of cerebral tumours. After the description of physical and surgical fundamentals, a report is given on the respective patients. Then hazards an advantages are described as far as they can be summarized already today. PMID- 6528768 TI - Angiographically occult vascular malformations in functional areas of the brain. Diagnosis and treatment. AB - Acute non-traumatic intracerebral bleedings in young adults suggest strongly the presence of vascular malformation. CT Scan reveals the hemorrhage. Some features of the computed tomographic image seem characteristic for an angioma. Definitive diagnosis, however, can be made only after histological examination of the surgically removed tissue, when angiography fails to demonstrate the lesion. Authors advocate surgical management of the angiographically occult vascular malformations even in spite of their location in functional areas of the brain. Four cases are presented. PMID- 6528769 TI - Angiographic demonstration of the congenital absence of one internal carotid artery. Case report. AB - The authors describe a case of the agenesis of the left internal carotid artery in a 57 year-old patient, which was diagnosed in relation with a development of chronic subdural haematoma on the same side. Left carotid basin was supplied through an unusual intercarotid anastomosis from the right side. PMID- 6528771 TI - [Karyometric studies of meningiomas]. AB - Of a total of 195 bioptically diagnosed meningiomas of the Pathological Institute of the Humboldt University Berlin of the period of 1963 to 1976, 21 meningiomas (5 endotheliomatous, fibromatous and angiomatous meningiomas, 6 malignant meningiomas) were selected and 10 parameters evaluated for a comparative morphometric analysis. The evaluated parameters describe quantitatively the numerical density of the nucleus, the size of the nucleus, the size of the nucleoli and the nucleus/plasma relation. Malignant meningiomas are distinguished from benign meningiomas by a significant enlargement of their nuclei, of the nucleoli and the nucleus/plasma relation. On the other hand, the numerical density of the nuclei can only be used conditionally for the discrimination of malignant and benign meningiomas; the numerical density of the nuclei of the malignant meningiomas is lower than that of the endotheliomatous meningiomas and larger than that of the fibromatous and angiomatous meningiomas. The article demonstrates the possibility to obtain a differentiation of groups of typical cases of malignant and benign meningiomas on the basis of morphometrical data. Conventional morphometry is a time consuming process and thus not suitable for routine work. In connection with automatic image evaluation procedures (automated microscopic image analysis, cytophotometry) ways are opened up for a wider application of morphometry and densitometry and a classification of individual tumour preparations. PMID- 6528772 TI - New parameters in the radioanatomy of the deep cerebral venous system. Angiographic classification of intracranial tumors with respect to the phleboaxial line. AB - The usually observed modifications of the deep phlebogram in the entire pathological series are: transmedial displacement of the internal cerebral vein (more or less evident but always significant), straightening of the superior arch of the internal cerebral vein, an important ventricular dilatation in most cases. The most reliable parameters are: Fisher's bisecting line and two of the parameters proposed by the author's: Monro-Phleboaxial-Line and Monro-Glabella Bregma-Angle. PMID- 6528770 TI - [Intracerebellar hematomas; diagnosis and therapy]. AB - This article deals with the diagnosis, therapy and prognosis of intracerebellar haematomas. The characteristic symptoms and the value of computer tomography for an early diagnosis and the surgical therapy are discussed. Prognosis and complications are analysed in comparison with other works. Guiding rules for a rapid diagnosis and the choice of the respective therapy are given and an early surgical therapy is recommended. PMID- 6528773 TI - Some remarks to the evaluation of disturbances of consciousness. AB - For the monitoring of patients with brain injury use is made of several scales which have wide international application. However, neither of these scales have a broad enough spectrum in the range of brainstem dysfunctions i.e. in patients who are most seriously ill. The scale of brainstem signs presented is as simple as possible, it lends itself for graphic extrapolation, there are used only simple symptoms which are commonly examined. This scale is very useful in communication between the specialized centre and the hospitals in which brain injured patients are first hospitalized. PMID- 6528774 TI - Intrasacral ependymoma. Report of 2 cases and review of the literature. AB - The report of two cases of myxopapillary ependymoma of the sacral intradural portion of the filum terminale is followed by a discussion of the relevant literature. PMID- 6528775 TI - Bilateral brain abscesses. Report of 2 cases. AB - This is a report about two cases with bilateral brain abscesses, who will be extirpated with success. The preoperative treatment with antibiotics was without success. CT-control demonstrated the complete removal of both abscesses. The surgical treatment may be indicated in patients affected by supratentorial bilateral cerebral abscesses. PMID- 6528776 TI - [Effect of lyophilization on IgG aggregation processes in immunoglobulin preparations]. AB - The conditions of the lyophilization of immunoglobulins as prescribed by the current technical regulations lead to the increased content of aggregated molecules in the preparation. The storage of the bulk preparation for two months after drying considerably decreases the content of aggregations. The authors believe it to be expedient to introduce the stage of storage after drying into the regulations for drying immunoglobulin preparations in the process of their production. PMID- 6528777 TI - [Action of baliz on the ultrastructure and toxin formation of Staphylococcus aureus]. AB - The effect of the antibacterial preparation Balysum on the ultrastructure of S. aureus, as well as on the process of the formation of alpha-toxin and the secretion of plasmacoagulase in this organism, has been studied. Balysum at a concentration of 8% (as used in clinical practice) has been found to induce changes in the ultrastructure of S. aureus as early as within the first 10 minutes. The maximum effect of the preparation is manifested in 60 minutes. At an early period of incubation damages occur in the cell-surface structures and, to a certain extent, in the membrane-ribosomal apparatus. The increased time of incubation leads to more profound changes in these structures and even to the death of the cell. In a highly toxic strain of S. aureus Balysum has proved to decrease the formation of alpha-toxin 4 times, while having no effect on the results of the plasma coagulation test. PMID- 6528778 TI - [Isolation and characteristics of an antibacterial substance produced by strains of Streptococcus sp. Thom-1606. I. Study of the conditions for increasing the synthesis of an antibacterial substance during the stab cultivation of Streptococcus sp. TOM-1606]. AB - In the process of investigations the antibacterial substance released by the producer strain has been found to be the secondary product of biosynthesis. The substance is synthetized under the conditions of low carbohydrate concentration in the culture fluid. The addition of glutamine into the culture medium at a concentration of 25 micrograms/ml increases the accumulation of the target product 4-fold in comparison with the control. The maximum synthesis of the antibacterial substance is shown to occur at the lowest rate of sucrose utilization. PMID- 6528779 TI - [Sensitizing action of nonvirion admixtures in inactivated influenza vaccines in an experiment]. AB - The side-effect of nonvirion admixtures in inactivated influenza vaccines has been experimentally studied. The minimal sensitizing dose of allantoic admixtures other than ovalbumin has been experimentally determined in vivo. This dose has proved to be 4 times higher than the sensitizing dose of ovalbumin. The presence of sharply defined correlations between the concentration of the admixtures contained in inactivated influenza vaccines, the titers of antibodies to these admixtures and the severity of anaphylactic reactions has been established in guinea pigs after their multiple immunization. PMID- 6528780 TI - [Lysogeny studies of Vibrio cholerae NAG]. AB - To establish the presence of phages specific for V. cholerae NAG, 673 strains, 166 water samples from ponds and sewage and 674 fecal samples from patients with acute intestinal diseases have been studied; as a result, 54 phage races have been isolated. The occurrence of true lysogeny in V. cholerae NAG has been found to be infrequent (0.9-10% among newly isolated strains). Pseudolysogeny has been detected in 0.75% of the strains under study. Of the total number of truly lysogenic strains of V. cholerae NAG, 10% have been found to carry V. cholerae phages of types I, III, V, VII, IX. The possibility of the simultaneous existence of V. cholerae phages and V. cholerae NAG phages in the environment has been shown. Of the isolated phages, 45 races have no serological relationship with V. cholerae phages, while possessing specific lytic activity with respect to V. cholerae NAG. PMID- 6528782 TI - [Pleuropneumonia caused by Pseudomonas stutzeri]. AB - Biological characteristics and antibiotic sensitivity of P. stutzeri strain, isolated from a child with pleuropneumonia, are presented. Formation of rugous colonies, growth at 41 degrees C and in the presence of 6.5% of NaCl, the positive results of the oxidase and nitrate reductase tests, the negative signs of arginine hydrolase and lysine decarboxylase activity permit the identification of this Pseudomonas species. The isolated culture has proved to be sensitive to amino glycoside antibiotics, carbonicillin and polymyxin. PMID- 6528781 TI - [Potentials and conditions for the reversion of pathogenic properties of the causative agent of cholera in an experiment]. AB - The passage of V. cholerae noncholerigenic strains and their mutants, both in vitro and in vivo, has demonstrated that strains in which one of such properties as mobility, viability, adhesive, lecithinase and neuraminidase activities, is sharply decreased or lost, are still capable of reversion to cholerigenic forms. V. cholerae strains which have lost two or more of these properties, as well as strains having stable hemolytic activity determined by Greig's test, seem to be incapable of such reversion. PMID- 6528783 TI - [Immunohormonal homeostasis in meningococcal meningitis]. AB - The examination of 18 patients with meningococcal infection has revealed the presence of reciprocal relationships between changes in the content of cortisol and triiodothyronine in their blood, especially at the beginning of the disease. The dynamics of changes in the concentration of rosette-forming cells has proved to be similar to that of changes in the concentration of triiodothyronine. A decrease in the level of thyroid hormones in the blood has been observed in experimental infections and oncological processes in mice, rats or guinea pigs, as well as after the injection of adjuvants into these animals. The centroid factor analysis with the use of the criteria of symmetry and asymmetry has revealed 3 main factors in the process under study, interpreted as follows: the homeostasis destabilization factor of infectious nature (F1), the homeostasis maintenance and restoration factor of endogenous nature (F2) and the factor of the integral relationship catabolism/anabolism between energy streams in the body (F3). PMID- 6528784 TI - [Effect of repeated immunization with inactivated influenza vaccine on the formation of specific and nonspecific immunity factors]. AB - A group of young people, totaling 1160 persons, was immunized annually with influenza inactivated chromatographic divaccine prepared from influenza viruses A (H1N1 +/- H3N2) for 3 years. Only in persons immunized once or twice direct correlation between the number of immunizations and their immunological effectiveness was observed. Repeated immunization produced no stimulating effect on the level of systemic humoral and secretory immunity. The innocuity of repeated vaccinations is substantiated by the absence of such effect on the somatic morbidity of the vaccinees and the levels of complement, lysozyme and beta-lysin in the blood serum. PMID- 6528785 TI - [Endocrine disorders in "empty" sella turcica]. AB - The results of endocrine examination of 37 patients with an "empty" sella turcica (22 with primary and 15 with secondary) are discussed. The diagnosis in all cases was verified by the findings of pneumocisternotomography and computer-aided tomography. The trophic function of the hypophysis was mainly studied. It was found that primary "empty" sella turcica mostly occurs in females with a history of many pregnancies. Obesity and disorders of menstrual function were the principal clinical manifestations of endocrine disorders. The inconstantly encountered moderate hyperprolactinemia disappeared after parlodel medication. In secondary "empty" sella turcica hyperprolactinemia was of a more stable character. The trophic function of the hypophysis was reduced in primary "empty" sella turcica as a result of which lesser doses of substitutive hormonal preparations were needed than in secondary "empty" sella turcica. The endocrine disorders in primary "empty" sella turcica were probably of hypothalamic origin, those in a secondary condition were evidently associated with a tumor of the adenohypophysis. PMID- 6528786 TI - [Late results of surgical treatment of tumors of the posterior cranial fossa in children]. AB - The work is based on the analysis of the course followed by the disease in 533 patients aged 18 months to 15 years who underwent operation for benign and malignant tumors of the cerebellum and fourth ventricle in the period between 1964 and 1975. The late results were appraised in 1980-1981 in 269 patients. The minimum follow-up period of the surviving patients is 5 years, the maximum period 16 years. Catamnestic study showed that among all tumors of the posterior cranial fossa in children, only cerebellar astrocytoma and chorioidpapilloma were marked by a favourable late prognosis. Total sparing removal of these tumors leads to practical recovery of most patients. PMID- 6528787 TI - [Computer-tomographic cisternography with amipaque]. AB - As compared to ordinary computer tomography, computer-aided tomographic cisternography (CTC) demonstrates better the anatomy of the brain cisterns and at the same time gives an idea of the processes of c.s.f. circulation in dynamic examination. The article discusses the results of examination of 112 patients with various neurosurgical diseases by means of CTC. A detailed classification of the brain cisterns is given. The authors show the advantages of the method in examination of patients with small three-dimentional processes in the chiasma sellar region, cerebellopontine angle, and posterior cranial fossa, with the syndrome of an "empty" sella turcica, cystic structures, and disorders of c.s.f. circulation. PMID- 6528788 TI - [Fenestration of intervertebral disks in the treatment of cervical osteochondritis]. AB - The results of 30 operations of disk fenestration in instability of spinal segments in cervical osteochondritis are generalized. Most operations were conducted on disks CIII-IV and CIV-V whose impaired fixation capacity caused the syndromes of cervicalgia and vertebral artery affection. The operative technique comprised the formation of an opening in the anterior parts of the fibrous ring the nucleus pulposus was not removed. An immobilizing cotton-gauze Schanz's collar was then applied for 4 to 6 weeks. Stabilization of the spinal segment due to fibrotization of the operated on disk occurred in 80% of cases. It brought complete relief from the reflex pain syndromes of cervical osteochondrosis. PMID- 6528789 TI - [Optimization of the preoperative diagnosis of herniated lumbar disks]. AB - Pneumomyelography (PMG) and discography (DG) were employed to establish the exact diagnosis of Schmorl's bodies in the lumbar spine. Information concerning 101 patients with lumbar osteochondrosis is analysed. PMG was conducted in all patients. DG only in 29. The exact preoperative diagnosis was made in 98% due to PMG and DG and only in 64% of cases without these methods of examination. In view of the use of microsurgical techniques the authors show that additional rediocontrast examination must be conducted in all cases before the operation. They object to wide approaches for searching Shmorl's body during the operation. PMID- 6528790 TI - [Neurinomas of the acoustic nerve in childhood and adolescence]. AB - The specific features of neurinoma of the auditory nerve were analysed clinically in 21 patients whose ages ranged from 12 to 18 years. Neurinoma of the auditory nerve located in the cerebellopontine area in children and adolescents has some specific features distinguishing it from that in adults. For instance, its incidence among boys is the same as that among girls. In most patients the neurinomas grew medially and orally, which caused gradual development of hydrocephalic-hypertensive symptoms and only in the far advanced stage of the disease did local symptoms in the form of affection of the trigeminal and facial nerves develop in attendance to them. PMID- 6528791 TI - Lipids, lipoproteins and apolipoproteins in type 1 (insulin-dependent) and type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus. AB - Total plasma cholesterol, triglycerides, VLDL-C, VLDL-TG, HDL-C and the apoproteins A-I, A-II, B and D were measured in 111 male non-obese diabetic patients and in 90 male control subjects of similar age and body weight distribution. Forty-eight patients had Type 1 (insulin-dependent diabetes) and 63 had Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent diabetes); all were in stable metabolic control while following an appropriate diet and therapy with insulin or oral hypoglycemic agents. HDL-C, apoA-I, apoB and the apoA-I/apoA-II ratio were significantly increased in the Type 1 patients, whereas the VLDL-C/VLDL-TG and LDL-C/apoB ratios were decreased significantly. Type 2 diabetics showed low HDL-C and low apoA-I/apoA-II ratio, while the values of apoA-I, A-II, D and the VLDL-C/VLDL-TG ratio were significantly higher than in controls. Type 1 diabetics in 'fair' metabolic control presented higher values of TG, VLDL-C, VLDL-TG and apoB than patients in 'good' control: lower values of apoA-I and of the ratios apoA-I/apoA II, apoA-I/apoB and LDL-C/apoB were recorded in the same subgroup. In Type 2 diabetics no significant differences were observed according to metabolic control, with the exception of a higher apo-D value in subjects in 'fair' control. The data obtained support the view that good metabolic control may be important for the prevention of a relevant derangement of lipoprotein components, particularly in Type 1 patients. PMID- 6528792 TI - Indications for in vitro fertilization. PMID- 6528793 TI - Aminophylline treatment of preterm labor. AB - Prevention of neonatal mortality linked to prematurity may be achieved by treating preterm labor, thus allowing fetal lungs to spontaneously develop, or by administering drugs able to enhance pulmonary maturation. The methylxantine derivative aminophylline has been reported to reduce uterine contractility and increase the concentrations of saturated phosphatidylcholine in fetal lungs. Its effectiveness in treating preterm labor and preventing respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) has been evaluated in comparison to the widely used drug ritodrine. In 39 pregnant women with preterm labor the efficacy of aminophylline and ritodrine in delaying the delivery seemed similar. However, while two of the babies born from ritodrine treated mothers died because of RDS, all babies born from aminophylline-treated mothers survived. These data might then confirm the effectiveness of aminophylline treatment to prevent RDS. PMID- 6528794 TI - Post conception failures in reproduction: infectious diseases and immunitary problems. AB - The mechanism by which early abortions may be caused by infections disease or immunological problems are discussed by the Authors. Among the first group of causes, syphilitic infections, rubela, viral diseases and others are examined. Immunological problems which may lead to early abortions are then discussed in the more complex context of mother/embryo interactions, examined also on the basis of experimental models. All the hypotheses which may explain refusal of embryo are examined, but the Authors stress the fact that also in proven cases of immunological refusal of pregnancy, the question of the usefulness of immunological therapy remains unanswered. PMID- 6528795 TI - Measurement of pH in the lower female genital tract during the periovulatory period: comparison of electrometric and colorimetric procedures. AB - In 53 patients with regular ovulatory cycles, the pH in the lateral vaginal fornix, at the external uterine orifice and in the cervical canal was measured daily in the periovulatory period. The values of pH measured by the colorimetric and the electrometric methods did not show any statistically significant difference. The relationship between pH values of cervical mucus and the estradiol peak is discussed. PMID- 6528796 TI - Preliminary results on the scanning electron microscopic structure of infertile human cervical mucus. AB - Interesting data on infertile human membranous mucus compared with infertile filamentous mucus have emerged from previous studies using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The aim of this study was to obtain more information about the infertility of membranous mucus being independent of ovarian hormone stimulus. All different types of mucus, progressively secreted during the menstrual cycle by endocervical muciparous cells, were collected from the cervical canal of a fertile woman with a long menstrual cycle and specifically with a long infertile preovulatory period. The most significant results concern the identification of the cycle phase characterized by the presence of membranous mucus alone, i.e. the infertile preovulatory phase and the hormonal bases of membranous mucus infertility. The conclusion is reached that each ovarian hormone pattern stimulates the secretion of a specific type of mucus during the menstrual cycle. PMID- 6528797 TI - Cancer and senescence: is there a biological link? AB - It is shown that sex- and age-specific death rates from all causes of death other than neoplasms have features that resemble those of corresponding rates for all neoplasms. The same generalization holds in connexion with specific neoplastic and non-neoplastic disorders. In both categories of disease many age-patterns suggest that the rate-governing mechanism for their occurrence is stochastic in character; a rather small number of random events, generally fewer than ten, suffice for their initiation. It is not immediately obvious how a widespread degenerative disorder, sometimes involving an astronomical number of target cells, can be initiated by only a few random events. We infer that all such disorders, together with natural cancers, are autoaggressive in nature. They are initiated by random somatic mutations in comparator stem cells of the central system of growth control. Mutant stem cells propagate forbidden clones of cells that attack target cells at one or multiple sites. (In certain disorders, the presence of an extrinsic precipitator in the host in essential to the propagation of forbidden clones). Autoaggressive attacks have consequences that range from the destruction of target cells to their transformation with invasive proliferation. Senescence can be regarded as the cumulative effect of predominantly late-onset autoaggressive disorders. The relevance of studies of twins to this unified theory is discussed. PMID- 6528798 TI - Distinguishing fetal and maternal genetic effects on variation in birth weight. AB - In an attempt to uncover the causes of variation in birth weight for 13,970 offspring of MZ and DZ twins, several models were tested. Mean squares from nested analysis of variance were analysed with respect to fetal and maternal effects on variation in birth weight. The major part of the total variation in birth weight was found to be due to effects of genes. The contribution of fetal genes was larger than the contribution of maternal genes. About 11% of the variation could be attributed to effects of interactions between fetal and maternal genes. However, in this data set, the interaction variance could not be distinguished from variance due to fetal dominance or to effects of common environment of sibs. PMID- 6528799 TI - Heredity and infectious diseases: a twin study. AB - A concordance study of 6 infectious diseases of childhood has been carried out in a sample of 656 twin pairs classified by sex and zygosity. A new approach is proposed to estimate the respective influence of heredity and of common environment. The estimates thus obtained range from 86% hereditary component in the case of measles to 100% environmental component in the case of scarlet fever. PMID- 6528800 TI - [Health disorders caused by radiation]. AB - The rapid development and distribution of radiation sources has given rise to an "Energy Pollution" paralleling the chemical contamination of the environment. It has become necessary to establish limits for the "non-ionizing radiation" as well as for the ionizing radiation to which attention has been given for a long time. The non-ionizing radiation now includes the non-ionizing electromagnetic waves - radio frequency, micro waves, optical radiation - and ultrasound. Specific effects of these different radiation qualities caused by variation in biochemical and biophysical characteristics of tissues as well as the related biological changes and the mechanism of radiation effects are discussed shortly. Some commonly occurring radiation sources are quoted. PMID- 6528801 TI - [Health disorders caused by air pollutants]. AB - The discussion about influence of air pollution on health is loaded by special problems: methods are not always adequate, special interest exists of the general population and of politicians, more than 100 substances are involved. There is no ascertained knowledge about systemic actions of air pollutants by diffusion or resorption. Local action on bronchopulmonary system can cause or deteriorate otherwise provoked diseases. There are no ascertained results that general air pollution is really the cause of diseases. Deterioration of airways obstruction takes place on patients with hyperreactivity of the airways in the range of 2,5 mg/m3 SO2. It is possible that very sensitive patients also react against lower concentrations. These results were shown on rectangular increases of concentration. Slower increases of the concentrations show less or no effect. The same reactions can be seen by exposure against cold air or other unspecific challenges of these patients. The published data on premature death are in disagreement with corresponding experimental results. For the development of lung cancer the knowledge of tobacco smoking habits is indispensable. In the future long-term studies with high response-rates are necessary. Our basic knowledge today is sufficient to perform such studies. The industrialized society has to solve such questions which also interfere with other more extended problems. PMID- 6528802 TI - [Health disorders caused by noise]. AB - This review describes first the physical and technical basis of sound measurement and noise evaluation. Then the effects of noise on hearing are demonstrated by our experimental data on TTS and data on noise induced hearing loss. Extraaural noise effects on the cardiovascular system, blood-pressure and on sleep are reported. Moreover some long-lasting effects on health with respect to neuro humoral regulations, gastrointestinal disturbances and psychosomatic symptoms are described. With respect to annoyance the questions of habituation, subjective attitudes and controllability of noise are important. In this area of multifactorial disturbing influences objectivation and quantification seem especially difficult. PMID- 6528804 TI - [Value of clinical symptoms in ankylosing spondylitis]. AB - 3552 patients suffering from various rheumatic disorders were studied with respect to the significance of those clinical symptoms which are part of the internationally accepted diagnostic criteria for ankylosing spondylitis. Of these patients, 36 suffered from ankylosing spondylitis, 863 from degenerative and soft tissue disorders with pains in the lumbar spine. It could be demonstrated that these clinical symptoms are not sufficient to statistically separate the various groups of patients with satisfactory sensitivity and specificity. Furthermore, the positive predictive value of a symptom varies not only with respect to the specificity of this symptom for a disease but also to the occurrence of the disease in the population. If the disease occurs rarely a specific symptom may show a low positive predictive value whereas a less specific symptom in a common disease may have a higher positive predictive value. PMID- 6528803 TI - [Heavy metals--toxicity at low doses in the environment and in the work place]. AB - Ecotoxicity of heavy metals is related to their persistence, accumulation and dispersion tendency. Sources, pathways of exposure and adverse health effects of low doses are reviewed. Environmental and occupational toxicity of lead, cadmium and mercury compounds are discussed and the carcinogenic and sensitizing effects of chromium compounds as an example of a heavy metal which is essential in low doses. High risk groups, most susceptible target organs, early symptoms, signs of subclinical poisoning, numbers of diseases from heavy metals accepted in Austria as occupational diseases and environmental hazards are summarized. PMID- 6528805 TI - In vivo absorption of theophylline and salicylic acid from rat small intestine. AB - In vivo absorption of theophylline and salicylic acid from the rat small intestine was studied by a closed segment technique. The drugs were administered at 1 and 4 mM in dissolved form, both in the presence and absence of phlorizin (0.01 mM). Drug concentrations were measured by high-pressure liquid chromatography. Phlorizin inhibited the absorption of theophylline (pKa = 8.6) at 4 mM but not at 1 mM. In contrast, the absorption of salicylic acid (pKa = 3) both at 1 and 4 mM was unaffected by phlorizin. This suggests that an active transport system, sensitive to phlorizin, is involved in the rat intestinal absorption of theophylline, but not in that of salicylic acid. Apart from differences in drug structure, differences in the degree of ionization may influence the access of acidic drugs to this transport system. PMID- 6528806 TI - Neurotoxic effects of disulfiram on autonomic nervous system in rat. AB - Two groups of male Wistar rats weighing about 140 (WI) and 200 g (WII) and a group of Sprague-Dawley (S.D.) rats (140 g) received oral disulfiram 220-580 mg/kg (DSF) daily for one or three weeks. Isolated ilea of both control and treated rats showed similar responses to acetylcholine, but the responses to 5 hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) were decreased after one and three weeks' treatment in the WI and SD rats. Pretreatment with reserpine intensified this effect in treated WI rats. A distinct decrease in the histochemical reactivity for the acetylcholinesterase and the non-specific cholinesterase was observed in the nerve plexuses of the gut wall indicating a DSF-induced nerve damage. Autonomic (cholinergic) nerves seemed thus to be affected by DSF. The two rats strains studied did not differ in their responses to 5-HT. PMID- 6528807 TI - The binding of cadmium ions to the smooth muscle of guinea-pig taenia coli. AB - Taenia coli was used to study the property of binding of Cd2+. The Scatchard plots of cadmium uptake showed that two qualitative Cd2+ binding sites (high and low affinity binding sites) exist in taenia coli. Decrease in Ca2+ concentration in the medium did increase the cadmium binding. The Scatchard analysis of Cd2+ binding in taenia coli at 4 degrees indicated a single class of binding sites (only high affinity binding sites). These findings suggest that the greater number of high affinity Cd2+ binding sites in taenia coli may relate to the binding to cell membrane. Further, it was postulated that some of low affinity binding sites in taenia coli may reflect intracellular accumulation, indicating the action on the contractile system. PMID- 6528809 TI - Hypoactivity in silver exposed mice. AB - The functional implications of the presence of silver in the central nervous system are unknown. Since silver is present in the environment and since systemic silver poisoning leads to intraneuronal accumulations of the metal we have evaluated the possible effects of silver on the open field behaviour of mice. Argyric mice have been compared with controls in three experiments, one including long term administration of 0.015% silver nitrate in the drinking water and two in which the reactions of male and female mice to shock doses of silver lactate have been studied. In all experiments the silver treated mice were hypoactive. We suggest that this hypoactivity is due to an influence of silver upon the functional status of the CNS. PMID- 6528808 TI - Femoxetine clearance in patients with liver cirrhosis. AB - The pharmacokinetics of femoxetine (a 5-HT uptake inhibitor with antidepressive effect) was studied in 12 patients with liver cirrhosis and in 6 healthy controls after a single oral dose of femoxetine HC1. The average blood concentration of femoxetine, as assessed by the values of AUC (area under the plasma concentration/time curve), was significantly higher in the patients with liver cirrhosis than in the healthy controls in spite of dose reduction in the patients. The elimination half-life of femoxetine was within the normal limits in most of the patients. The oral clearance of femoxetine was considerably lower in patients, (0.65-4.02 1/hr/kg) than in the controls (8.13- greater than 50 1/hr/kg). It was not directly related to the metabolic function of the liver, measured as the galactose elimination capacity being 0.015-0.024 mmol/min./kg and 0.033-0.041 mmol/min./kg, respectively. When treating patients with reduced liver function, it is recommended to reduce the doses and to monitor closely the plasma levels. PMID- 6528810 TI - Metabolism of trimethoprim in neonatal and young pigs: comparative in vivo and in vitro studies. AB - Metabolism of trimethoprim (TMP) was investigated in in vivo and in vitro experiments on 1 day (group A), 8 days (group B), and 60 days (group C) old piglets. In the in vivo studies piglets received an intravenous injection of 14C trimethoprim. Urine was then collected for 3 hours after which the animals were killed. During the collection period 13, 24, and 40% of the dose was excreted in the urine in group A, B, and C, respectively. Trimethoprim and the following metabolites: Metabolite 1 and 4, minor metabolites, and conjugates were determined in plasma, liver, kidney, urine, and bile. The results show that newborn piglets have little capacity for oxidation of TMP while the ability to conjugate with glucuronic acid and sulfate seems somewhat higher. During the following 8 weeks a marked increase in the oxidative as well as conjugative potential took place. The microsomal fractions of liver and kidney were used for the in vitro metabolism studies of TMP. No metabolic activity could be demonstrated in the kidney preparations. Oxidative demethylation was just detectable in livers from the newborn piglets but increased considerably with age. Glucuronidation of metabolite 4 took place in the liver preparations from all three groups but at the highest rate in group C. The development in metabolic capacity was found to be qualitatively similar in vivo and in vitro. PMID- 6528812 TI - Local pain after slow and fast intramuscular injection of 0.9% sodium chloride in human volunteers. PMID- 6528811 TI - Accumulation in murine amniotic fluid of halothane and its metabolites. AB - The distribution of radioactivity in pregnant mice was registered at 0, 4, and 24 hrs after a 10 min. period of inhalation of 14C-halothane. Autoradiographic methods were used to allow to distinguish between the distribution of volatile (non-metabolize) halothane, water-soluble metabolites, and firmly tissue-bound metabolites. While volatile radioactivity was seen predominantly at short survival intervals, e.g. in body fat, blood, brain and liver, metabolites accumulated with time. Peak values occurred at 4 hrs in most organs (measured with liquid scintillation as well). The most remarkable findings were the high concentrations of radioactivity in amniotic fluid (and the ocular fluids of adults) with peak values at 4 hrs and rather high concentrations still prevailing at 24 hrs after inhalation. It is assumed that this activity represents only partly volaile halothane and mostly non-volatile metabolites. High activity of metabolites was seen in the neuroepithelium of the embryo in early gestation. Firmly tissue-bound metabolites, still remaining after washing the tissues with trichloroacetic acid and organic solvents, were found in the nasal mucosa, trachea and bronchial tree and in (presumably centrilobular) zones of the liver of adults after inhalation and 5-day old mice after intraperitoneal injection, indicating the formation of reactive metabolites in these organs. Firmly tissue bound activity was not observed in the corresponding foetal organs. PMID- 6528813 TI - Toxicological studies on the acute and subchronic toxicity of two new derivatives of 3,3-diethyl-2,4-pyridinedione. AB - The acute and subchronic toxicity (30 days) of N-aminomethylmorpholine-3,3 diethyl-2,4-pyridinedione (DKMM) and N-aminomethyl-piperazine-3,3-diethyl-2,4 pyridinedione (DKMP) was studied. The two compounds were found to have low acute toxicity. No changes are found in the haematological, urological and biochemical parameters, as well as in the histological tests of liver and parts of the cerebrum, after subchronic treatment with doses 150 there is an increase in GOT, GPT and the acid phosphatase. These results also correlate with the histological studies of the liver. The results of the acute toxicity show that DKMM and DKMP are weakly toxic substances (LD50 above 1500 mg/kg). Under conditions of the subchronic experiment the substances were tolerated very well by the animals, without causing lethality and essential toxicological changes in the organs studied. PMID- 6528814 TI - Changes in rat liver and brain monoamine oxidase activity after acute treatment with some heavy metal salts. AB - In in vivo and in vitro experiments the effects of some heavy metal salts (Cu, Co, Cd, Pb, Ni, Zn, Hg, As, Bi and Sn) on rat liver and brain mitochondrial monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity was studied using three different substrates (tyramine, 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and beta-phenylethylamine (2-PEA). It was established that some of the metals (Cu, Cd, Bi) inhibited MAO activity both in vivo and in vitro experiments, others like Ni, Zn, As and Sn inhibited it only in vivo while Hg exerted inhibitory action only in vitro. The in vivo experiments showed significantly higher sensitivity of brain MAO as compared with liver MAO to the inhibitory action of metals. The same higher susceptibility was shown by liver and brain MAO-A form. It was concluded that the inhibitory effects of some heavy metal salts on MAO activity were not directly connected with their action on enzyme thiol groups but more probably with changes in the enzyme membrane surroundings in the different organs. PMID- 6528815 TI - Formation of inhibitors of lipid peroxidation during oxidative metabolism of hydrophobic xenobiotics catalyzed by mixed function oxygenases. AB - It was shown that benz (alpha) pyrene inhibits the NADPH-dependent lipid peroxidation (LPO) in rat liver microsomes in vitro. The degree of LPO inhibition is correlated with the accumulation of hydroxylated derivatives of benz (alpha) pyrene in the presence of NADPH. Benz (alpha) pyrene protects cytochrome P-450 against conversion into its inactive form, P-420, induced by LPO. Another inhibitor of the NADPH-dependent LPO in rat liver microsomes is chlorpromazine. Inhibition of LPO is due to the antioxidant effect of hydroxylated derivatives of chlorpromazine formed in the course of its metabolism by NADPH-dependent microsomal oxygenase. NADPH-dependent formation of hydroxylated metabolites of chlorpromazine, possessing antioxidant properties, was also estimated in brain cortex microsomes from rats and men. It is shown that chlorpromazine when preliminarily injected to rats, protects against LPO activation in brain tissue in vivo induced by exposure of the animals to hyperbaric oxygenation. PMID- 6528816 TI - Spike activity of the muscle wall of the stomach remnant after gastric resection. AB - Chronic experiments have been carried out on dogs with implanted bipolar silver ball-shaped electrodes on the muscle wall of the stomach remnant after gastric resection. It has been found that in the first group of animals with subtotal gastrectomy (the frequency of the slow potentials during late periods after the resection increases and reaches the frequency of the corpus and antrum) the spike activity is represented by small groups of low-amplitude and low-frequency spike potentials. In the second group of animals for which the resection line passes at a distance of 1 to 1.5 cm distally from the boundary between the fundus and the corpus of the stomach (the frequency of the slow potentials increases to about 4 cpm even at the end of the first postoperational week), large groups of relatively high-amplitude and high-frequency spike potentials burst with the rhythmic slow potentials. The faster and better adaptation of the stomach remnant after sparse resection (2nd group of animals) is considered to be due to the existence of part of the pacemaker area in the stomach remnant. The spike activity characterizing the myoelectric complex is a prerequisite for the realization of the evacuation function by the stomach remnant. PMID- 6528817 TI - Comparison of the posterior and anterior activation of the atrioventricular node in rabbit heart with identical prematurity--microelectrode investigation. AB - The present work evaluates the input prematurity of AVN-activation as a determinant atrioventricular condition. The cellular organization of conduction is studied by consecutive stimulation of the posterior input (crista terminalis) and the anterior input (interatrial septum) with identical prematurity. The results obtained demonstrate the existence of essential differences in conduction upon posterior and anterior stimulation. Above all, separate activation of the two inputs leads to different timing of the cell excitation from the adjacent AN zones; different sections of the AN-area may prove to be excluded from the conduction process to the His-bundle. Moreover, upon changing the direction of the excitatory wave (even if the prematurity of the extrastimulus is preserved unchanged), temporal and spatial reorganization occurs in the N-zone of the node, the concurrent changes in the shape of the action potentials and the intervals between them. The activation of only one AVN input (by electrical stimulation) could cause passive or active excitation of the other. In the first case the passively activated input may participate in the retrograde conduction of the excitation to the atrium (re-entry); in the second case, under definite conditions, the two antegrade input waves may interact within the AVN. Knowledge only of the absolute values of the stimulation prematurity is not sufficient for description of the conduction through AVN. PMID- 6528818 TI - Comparative study of three vectorcardiographic lead systems. AB - A homogeneous model of rabbit torso and physical dipole are used. A comparison is made between the corrected orthogonal vectorcardiographic lead systems after Frank, McFee-Parungao and Zao. The components X, Y, Z of the lead vectors are measured for 15 points which can be inserted in the cardiac volume under normal conditions. The modules of the lead vectors and the angles between them are calculated. The three vectorcardiographic systems are compared with respect to the ratio between the modules (X:Y:Z) and the deviations of the angles from the real value. Best orthogonality are found with the system after Frank, if the thoracic electrodes are placed precisely at the level of the so-called electrical cardiac centre. No essential differences are found between the systems after Frank and after McFee-Parungao with respect to correctedness and orthogonality. PMID- 6528819 TI - Functional components of reciprocity and their influences on maintaining and sustaining closest friendships. AB - Reciprocity is necessary in every relationship, if the relationship is to continue to exist. The present study was conducted to determine the functional components of reciprocity and their influences on maintaining and sustaining closest friendships. It examined specific criteria functionally associated with reciprocity in closest friendships on the basis of subjects' responses. Results suggested significant differences between males and females among five criteria. PMID- 6528820 TI - [Differential diagnosis of anxiety states and depressive syndromes]. AB - Recently the diagnosis and pharmacotherapy of the mixed anxiety-depression syndrome has gained new interest by the development and introduction of classification systems and second generation antidepressants respectively. In this article the terminology, diagnosis and pharmacotherapy of the mixed anxiety depression syndrome is mentioned. PMID- 6528822 TI - Dimensions of first year university student behavior. AB - Eight hundred and seventy-four freshmen underwent a structured interview to search for characteristics in student behavior. The scores were analysed using agglomerative and divisive hierarchical clustering methods. The results demonstrate the presence of two opposite dimensions in freshman behavior: the first referred to study involvement, the second referred to campus participation. PMID- 6528821 TI - [The patient as "demander": myth or reality? Preliminary correlative study]. AB - It is often referred to the patient's "demand" in an attributive way, the patient being so considered as a "demander". The purpose is here to clear the way determining an attributive use of the concept and to test its relevance. Is there really a profile characterising this type of patient or is it only an abuse of language? While the results do not support the hypothesis of a patient's specific profile, an interaction pattern of supply and demand is suggested. The patient's difficulty to express a demand is considered with reference to psychosomatic disorders. PMID- 6528823 TI - [Gastric cancer mortality]. PMID- 6528824 TI - [Clinical, radiologic and structural aspects of milk of calcium type of lithiasis]. PMID- 6528825 TI - [Contribution of thiazides to the study of idiopathic hypercalciuria]. PMID- 6528826 TI - [Results of the treatment of vesico-ureteral reflux]. PMID- 6528827 TI - [Urinary incontinence following prostate adenomectomy: perineal plication of the corpus spongiosum (Puigvert's operation)]. PMID- 6528828 TI - [Prolactin and male infertility]. PMID- 6528829 TI - [Renal leiomyosarcoma. Review and presentation of a case]. PMID- 6528830 TI - [Multilocular cyst of kidney: report of a case]. PMID- 6528831 TI - [Scrotal lymphedema: apropos of a case]. PMID- 6528833 TI - [Tuberculosis of the penis]. PMID- 6528832 TI - [Male pseudohermaphroditism caused by partial deficiency of androgen receptors. (Reifenstein's syndrome). Presentation of 2 cases in a family]. PMID- 6528834 TI - [The role of leukotrienes in ocular inflammation report 2. The effect of anti-SRS A substance (KC-404) on experimental uveitis in guinea pigs]. PMID- 6528835 TI - [A electrophysiological method for evaluation of the retinal toxicity of drug]. PMID- 6528836 TI - [Effect of ion substitution on the electrical parameters of the isolated dog retinal pigment epithelium]. PMID- 6528837 TI - [Rayleigh color matches in central serous chorioretinopathy]. PMID- 6528838 TI - [Experimental study of the identification of extraocular muscle motoneurons by retrograde transport of HRP (horseradish peroxidase)]. PMID- 6528839 TI - [Normal sensitivity of the central quantitative visual field with fundus photo perimeter]. PMID- 6528840 TI - [Analysis of basal tear volumes in normal controls and patients with keratoconjunctivitis sicca using electronic resistance measuring method]. PMID- 6528841 TI - [Structural studies of infection stones: structure of the nuclei]. AB - The composition and structure of nuclei of infection stones were investigated. Twenty seven out of 40 renal stones were found to contain struvite and/or carbonate apatite in the nuclei as well as peripheral layers, and 13 contained calcium oxalate. Some bladder stones also contained different substances in the nuclei. In some infection stones whose architecture was studied in thin section and with scanning electron microscopy, we found large numbers of bacteria in the nuclei composed of struvite and/or apatite. Though we could find no bacteria within the nuclear parts composed of oxalate, we found them in apatite layers outside the nuclei. Urea-splitting bacteria are suggested to participate both in the initial formation of struvite stones and in the diversion of oxalate stones into phosphate stones. Such bacteria may play important roles in stone formation, not only as promotors of crystallization of struvite and apatite but also as a component such as of an organic matrix. PMID- 6528843 TI - [Clinical value of testicular lymphangiography in diagnosis of retroperitoneal metastases]. AB - Testicular lymphangiography was performed before retroperitoneal lymph node dissection in 20 patients with testicular tumor. The clinical value of testicular lymphangiography in the diagnosis of retroperitoneal metastases was evaluated retrospectively in comparison with the findings obtained by retroperitoneal lymph node dissection. In 12 patients who had no metastasis in the primary lymph nodes of the testis, testicular lymphangiography showed the lymph vessels to be diverged into 2 to 6 vessels (mean: 3.5) at the level between L2 and L4, and 4 to 10 lymph nodes (mean: 6.2) at the level between L1 and L4 were filled with contrast medium. On the other hand, in 8 patients who had metastases in the primary lymph nodes, several abnormal findings were observed in both lymph vessels and nodes, i.e., discontinuity, extravasation of contrast medium, dilatation, displacement and reflux to the distal side in the lymph vessels, and decrease in number (less than 2), non-visualization, filling defect, displacement and contrastfilling in the contralateral side in lymph nodes. Three to 5 of these abnormal findings were usually found in each case. The extravasation of contrast medium was not a finding specific to cases with lymph node metastases, because it was also found in a few cases without metastases. Testicular lymphangiography is a valuable method to detect primary lymph node metastases from testicular tumor. However, the combination of testicular and foot lymphangiography is imperative to demonstrate wide spread lymph node involvement in the retroperitoneum. PMID- 6528842 TI - [Clinical evaluation of lymphoscintigraphy in urological disease]. AB - Clinical efficacy of lymphoscintigraphy was evaluated in 31 cases of urological disease. To diagnose metastatic change of malignant tumor, 99mTc-rhenium colloid (5mCi) was administrated from bilateral pedal region. Of these patients 12 had true positive finding, 2 had false positive finding, 2 had false negative finding, and 8 had true negative finding defined by lymphoscintigram and pathological finding. Overall accuracy of lymphoscintigraphy revealed 83% in correlation of pathological finding, 78% in lymphangiography. Accuracy between lymphangiography and pathological finding was 80%. The overall clinical efficacy of lymphoscintigraphy was the same as lymphangiography. The merit of this method was that we can examine easily, painlessly, and frequently. PMID- 6528844 TI - [A case of perirenal encysted hematoma secondary to renal cell adenocarcinoma]. AB - Herein we report a case of perirenal encysted hematoma secondary to renal cell adenocarcinoma. A 57-year-old woman was hospitalized because of a palpable mass in the left flank. She had had an episode of left flank pain. X-ray studies demonstrated a tumor in the left kidney and a large cystic mass beneath the left kidney. The cyst was excised by nephrectomy. Histological examination of the large cyst revealed perirenal encysted hematoma secondary to renal cell adenocarcinoma. Six months postoperatively, she is now free from left lumbar pain, and alive with lung and liver metastasis. PMID- 6528845 TI - Transitional cell carcinoma in a pelvic kidney associated with recurrent lung cancer. AB - We report a case of transitional cell carcinoma of the renal pelvis arising in a pelvic kidney two years after resection of bronchogenic carcinoma. Primary cancer in a pelvic kidney has been rarely described and this is the second reported case of transitional cell carcinoma originating in a pelvic kidney and the first associated with recurrent lung cancer. PMID- 6528846 TI - Inverted papilloma of the urinary bladder: report of two cases. AB - Two cases of inverted papilloma of the urinary bladder are reported. The patients were a 39-year-old male with macrohematuria and a 36-year-old female with interrupted urination. In both of the patients, tumors were resected transurethrally, and histologic examination revealed them to be typical inverted papilloma. PMID- 6528847 TI - [A case of sclerosing lipogranuloma]. AB - Although sclerosing lipogranuloma is relatively rare, it is of special interest to urologists because the majority of the cases occur in the genital and urinary tracts. A 49-year-old man complained of urinary frequency and lower abdominal pain. IVP examination revealed compression and irregularity of dome of bladder. CT scan showed giant abnormal mass upper dome of bladder. The tumor and part of the bladder which was adhered to it were excised. Histological findings were necrosis of the fat cells with liberation of fat droplets into the intercellular spaces. There were giant cells clinging to fatty masses and small fat vacuoles in them. Essentially sclerosing lipogranuloma is a disease affecting the fat cells which for some unknown reason undergo a degenerative type of change which results in rupture of the cells with liberation of free fat droplets into the surrounding intercellular spaces and then reaction around. Complete surgical excision is the treatment of choice. Otherwise the lesion recurs. PMID- 6528849 TI - [Clinical statistics on outpatients at the Urological Clinic of East Sapporo Sanjukai Hospital in 1983]. AB - A statistical study was performed on new outpatients. The total number of new outpatients in 1983 was 5,901 (male: 3,712, female: 2,189) and the male to versus female ratio was 1.7: 1. They had urogenital diseases definitely diagnosed (4,773), indefinitely diagnosed (445), normal (272), and diseases other than urogenital (411). The outpatients who were referred to by other sources accounted for 30% of the total number. The number of operation in new outpatients was 300, circumcision and vasectomy were representative. In our experience, manual operations without surgery gave good results in the outpatients who visited our hospital at an early stage of torsion of testis. The age, range had a peak in the thirties for males and in the 20s in females. A statistical study was made on new outpatients according to the international diseases classification. The number of the malignant (urogenital) tumors was 101 (1.9%). The major diseases of the new outpatients were cystitis (acute or chronic: 22.4%), prostatitis (16.7%), benign prostatic hypertrophy (10.4%), upper urinary tract stone (10.2%). In male the major diseases were prostatitis, benign prostatic hypertrophy, upper urinary tract stone, balanoposthitis, and in female they were cystitis, upper urinary tract stone, pyelonephritis, renalptosis. From these results, we may conclude that our hospital playing its role as a private urological hospital. PMID- 6528848 TI - [Carcinoma of the urachus--report of 4 cases]. AB - Four cases of urachal carcinoma are presented. The first case was a 36-year-old man who was admitted with the chief complaint of macrohematuria with mucinous debris. Cystoscopic examination revealed a single tumor at the dome of the bladder. Partial cystectomy and postoperative radiation therapy were performed. Histological findings showed a well differentiated adenocarcinoma. He has been well for twelve years postoperatively. The second case was a 52-year-old man who was admitted with the chief complaint of macrohematuria with mucinous debris. Cystoscopic examination revealed a single tumor at the dome of the bladder. Partial cystectomy and postoperative radiochemotherapy were performed. Histological findings showed a moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma. He died of a recurrent tumor 30 months after operation. The third case was 70-year-old man who was admitted with the chief complaint of macrohematuria with mucinous debris. Cystoscopic examination revealed multiple tumors at the dome of the bladder, internal urethral orifice and right lateral wall. Total cystectomy, ureterocutaneostomy and postoperative chemotherapy were performed. Histological findings showed a poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma. He died of a recurrent tumor 30 months after operation. The fourth case was a 68-year-old woman who was admitted with the chief complaint of macrohematuria with mucinous debris. Cystoscopic examination revealed a single tumor at the dome of the bladder. CT scan demonstrated a mass with calcification extending from the bladder dome superiorly. Partial cystectomy and postoperative chemotherapy were performed. Histological findings showed a well differentiated adenocarcinoma. She has been well for three months postoperatively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6528850 TI - [Clinical statistics on outpatients during the 5 years period (from 1978 Nov. 1st to 1983 Dec. 31st) after the opening of the Urological Clinic of East Sapporo Sanjukai Hospital (II)]. AB - Our hospital is a private urological hospital. Currently we have 5 full time and 3 part time clinicians, 80 beds (100 beds: in Aug. 1984) and 23 hemodialyzers available for the patients. It is 5 years and 2 months (as of Dec. 31st 1983) since it was established on Nov. 1st 1978. We report the statistics on the new outpatients who have increased remarkably as years go by during this period. The total number of outpatients was 20,837 (male: 12,926, female: 7,911), and the male to female ratio was 1.6: 1. The outpatients who were referred to by other sources, accounted for 35% of the total number. The urogenital diseases definitely diagnosed numbered 15,800 (76%), those indefinitely diagnosed, 2,261 (11%), normal cases 802 (4%), and diseases other than urogenital 1974 (9%). The number of patients admitted was 4,088, and those operated on as outpatients was 887 (inpatients: 2,598). The major operations for outpatients were circumcision and vasectomy. The age range had a peak in the thirties for males and in the twenties for females. The clinical statistics for the outpatients according to the international disease classification are as follows; Cases of diseases transmitted by sexual contact increased year after year. Non-specific infection accounted for about half of the diseases and urogenital malignant tumor accounted for fewer than 2%. The major diseases of the new outpatients showed the same tendency every year, and they consisted of cystitis (18-22%), prostatitis (13 16%), upper urinary tract stone (10%), benign prostatic hypertrophy (8-10%), and balanoposthitis (3-7%). PMID- 6528851 TI - [Clinical effects of goshajinkigan for male infertility]. AB - No study has been reported of the effects of Goshajinkigan on male infertility. Thirty infertile male patients were orally given Goshajinkigan at a daily dose of 5.0 g for three months or more. Sixteen of these patients showed significant improvement in sperm motility. Ten cases showed effective increase in sperm count. Only one patients became pregnant during the period of administration of this drug. Laboratory examination showed no significant change in serum LH, serum FSH or prostaglandin E in seminal fluid. These results suggest that administration of TSUMURA-Goshajinkigan is effective as therapy for male infertility, but how this drug may be involved in promoting fertility should be investigated in future. PMID- 6528852 TI - Air sampling studies in tropical America (Venezuela). Frequency and periodicity of pollen and spores. AB - Updated information on airborne particles is not currently available in Venezuela. Thus the diagnosis and treatment of respiratory allergy in this country is by necessity based on imported data and allergens. We have therefore carried out air-sampling studies in Caracas, the capital of Venezuela, a city with a tropical climate. A numerically constant pollen load was encountered in the air throughout the year. Most pollen was contributed by trees and by foreign species. A seasonal grass peak was observed in November which may be the cause of true pollinosis or hay fever. Pollen of the ragweed family was rarely observed. A great diversity of molds contributed to the annual spore count. The contribution of individual molds was rather low, thus casting some doubt on the potential role of airborne molds as allergens in the tropics. As in the case of pollen a rather constant load of mold spores was present in the air throughout the whole year. PMID- 6528855 TI - Empirical analysis of a card game designed to promote consumer-related social competence among hearing-impaired youth. PMID- 6528853 TI - Eosinophilic food-induced cystitis. AB - In this work we study a case of eosinophilic cystitis induced by the ingestion of some specific foodstuffs (tomatoes, coffee, carrots) and strong smells (petrol) in a female patient with clinical history of extrinsic permanent rhinitis and Quincke's oedema. Skin tests and RAST showed specific antibodies against Dermatophagoides Pteronyssimus, Farinae, Alternaria and Cladosporium. These antigens were related to the rhinosinusitis and facial oedema. Provocative tests were used to make the definitive diagnosis. They were carried out when the patient was symptomless and the following parameters were taken into account: the time elapsed estil the appearance of the symptoms, the intensity of urinary symptoms, polakiuria, urgency and prepubic pain, cystoscopy, bladder histology, urine volume and pre-and post-test histaminuria in 24 hours. Bladder histology subsequent to the intake of tomato showed capillary congestion and severe inflammatory infiltration with a clear predominance of eosinophils. The histaminuria values after the ingestion of tomatoes, carrots and coffee were superior to basal determinations, amounting to a maximum of 1229 mcg./l. in 24 hours. The allergic origin of these eosinophilic cystitis is proved by the appearance of urologic symptoms and eosinophilic infiltration of the bladder subsequent to provocative tests, which subside when the antigens which bring them about are removed. PMID- 6528854 TI - In support of bilingual/bicultural education for deaf children. PMID- 6528857 TI - Academic motivation to improve writing skills: a comparison of normally hearing and hearing-impaired students. PMID- 6528856 TI - Single versus multiple certification for teachers of hearing-impaired students. PMID- 6528858 TI - Encapsulated iodine-125 in radiation oncology. I. Study of the relative biological effectiveness (RBE) using low dose rate irradiation of mammalian cell cultures. AB - The use of encapsulated iodine-125 seeds has increased considerably since 1965, due largely to their physical characteristics. The 28 keV x-ray emission offers improved radiation protection and rapid fall-off of dose outside the treatment volume. The Relative Biological Effectiveness (RBE) of the low energy I-125 x rays has not been adequately assessed. The limited studies have found a wide range of values, but most are between 1.2-1.5 relative to hard x-rays. We used C3H/10T1/2 mouse embryo cells in contact inhibited plateau phase to assess the RBE of I-125 seed x-rays relative to Cs-137 gamma rays (660 keV) using low dose rate continuous irradiation. Replicate experiments found the RBE to be 1.2. This did not vary with dose rate over the range of 10-76 cGy/hour. Calculations made from our cell survival data suggest that, in the case of permanent I-125 implants, where the dose is administered over a considerable period of time, the resultant surviving fraction of tumor cells is dictated largely by the length of the cell cycle. It is suggested that, for this reason, permanent I-125 implants may be less suitable for rapidly growing tumors, such as glioblastomas, than temporary I-125 implants, which are calculated to be virtually independent of the cell cycle duration. PMID- 6528859 TI - Encapsulated iodine-125 in radiation oncology. II. Study of the dose rate effect on potentially lethal damage repair (PLDR) using mammalian cell cultures in plateau phase. AB - Potentially lethal damage repair (PLDR) is considered to be an important mechanism of cellular radioresistance. Studies have suggested that radioresistant human tumor cells may have increased PLDR capability. Studies have also shown that PLDR may be decreased with smaller dose fractions. PLDR occurring with low dose rate continuous irradiation (LDCI) has not been assessed. The C3H/10T1/2 murine cell line in plateau phase (15% cycling fraction) was used to study the effect of dose fraction size and LDCI on PLDR. The cells were found to have substantial PLDR capability. Uncorrected data showed increased PLDR with higher single fractions. However, when the single fraction results are extrapolated to multiple fractions to give equivalent cell survival for the large and small fractions, no difference in PLDR was observed. The data from the LDCI experiments demonstrated some survival enhancement with delayed plating after 5 and 8 hours of irradiation, but not after 16 or more hours. The results indicate that PLDR occurs during the LDCI and that the magnitude of PLDR is similar for LDCI relative to acute irradiation. PMID- 6528860 TI - Radiation and drug resistance of breast cancer. AB - There are clinical data correlating the control rates of adenocarcinoma of the breast with doses of irradiation and the volume of cancer. As the volume of cancer increases, doses have to be increased to obtain significant control rates. Of particular interest is subclinical disease, i.e., occult aggregates of cancer cells that cannot be palpated in areas accessible to palpation. Almost 100% of subclinical disease can be controlled with 4,500-5,000 rad in elective irradiation of clinically uninvolved lymphatics, whereas gross masses in excess of 5 cm in diameter require doses of 8,000-10,000 rad. The radiobiological explanations for these differences are 1) the randomness of cell killing, 2) hypoxia, and 3) repopulation. Using the same methodology of survival fractions there are now experimental data showing that resistance to drugs is a function of the number of clonogens and that hypoxic cells are also more resistant to drugs. Using the spheroid technique, it has been shown that cells centrally located in a spheroid are not affected by the drugs. Therefore, there is also a mechanical reason for drug resistance. In the last few years it has been postulated that mutations in the tumor cell population render some cells resistant to certain drugs. The often made statement that the development of permanent resistance more precisely accounts for the greater effectiveness of combination chemotherapy over single agents is discussed in the light of data from clinical trials. PMID- 6528861 TI - Stages I and II non-Hodgkin's lymphomas of Waldeyer's ring and the neck. AB - In a previous communication we reported our results for patients with localized extranodal presentations of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas of the head and neck who were admitted between 1961-1969. This review describes our larger experience from 1947 1982 in treating 137 Stages I and II Waldeyer's ring patients whose slides were available for reclassification according to the modified Rappaport System. All of these patients were treated definitively as follows: radiotherapy only, 113 patients; radiotherapy and combination chemotherapy, 17 patients; chemotherapy only, seven patients. The overall 5-year survival was 50%. Significant differences were determined for specific subgroups. For patients staged after lymphangiography, the 5-year survival was 67% as compared with 32% for non lymphangiogram staged patients (p = 0.002). Stage (Ann Arbor) also influenced results. The 5-year survival figure for Stage I was 70% as compared with 42% for Stage II (p = 0.002). The combination of extent of disease in Waldeyer's ring and the status of the neck had a major impact on survival. When the disease was staged according to the TNMAJCC System, the 5-year survivals were: 75% for T1-T2 TX N0; 53% for T1-T2-TX N+; 54% for T3-T4 N0; and 36% for T3-T4 N+. Also, results for tonsil (52%) and base of tongue (66%) disease were better than for disease involving the nasopharynx (39%) or multiple sites (25%). Treatment also influenced survivals and disease-free survivals. The best results were obtained in patients who were treated with radiotherapy and combination chemotherapy. The 5-year survival and disease-free survival figures were 78% and 69%, respectively. PMID- 6528862 TI - Influence of preoperative irradiation on failures of endometrial carcinoma with high risk of lymph node metastasis. AB - From 1965-1980, 80 patients with adenocarcinoma of the endometrium, FIGO-AJC Stage I, Grade 3 and Stage II received preoperative radiation therapy. Thirty three patients had Stage I, Grade 3 and 47 had Stage II. All patients were treated with preoperative radiation therapy (intracavitary application, external pelvic irradiation or both) followed by total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy. They were followed from 3-18 years (median, 6.2 years) after the completion of treatment and none was lost to follow-up. Overall 5-year actuarial disease-free survival was 75%. Preoperative external whole pelvic plus intracavitary irradiation gave the best 5-year survival of 83%; there were no failures after 20 months. In comparison to this group, survival for the intracavitary alone group was 64% at 5 years and 54% at 8 years. The 5-year survival of Stage II was 81% compared to 66% of the Stage I, Grade 3 group. Prognostic variables were analyzed and showed that the residual tumor in the specimen at the time of surgery after the preoperative irradiation was significantly correlated to a worse prognosis: patients who were found to have no residual tumor had a 5-year survival rate of 96% compared to 65% of those who were found to have residual tumor (p less than 0.01). Age, stage, methods of preoperative irradiation, dose of external pelvic irradiation or intracavitary application were not statistically significant prognostic factors. The grade of the tumor was suggestive as a prognostic variable. The most common failure site was the para-aortic lymph nodes independent of treatment methods and stage. Four patients developed complications possibly related to the radiation therapy. Our study suggests that preoperative external and intracavitary irradiation reduces the frequency of residual microscopic carcinoma and improves survival for patients with Stage I, Grade 3 and Stage II carcinoma of the endometrium. PMID- 6528863 TI - The neoplastic potential of gastric irradiation. IV. Risk estimates. AB - No significant tumor increase was found in the initial analysis of patients irradiated for peptic ulcer and followed through 1962. A preliminary study was undertaken 22 years later to estimate the risk of cancer due to gastric irradiation for peptic ulcer disease. A population of 2,049 irradiated patients and 763 medically managed patients has been identified. A relative risk of 3.7 was found for stomach cancer and an initial risk estimate of 5.5 X 10(-6) excess stomach cancers per person rad was calculated. A more complete follow-up is in progress to further elucidate this observation and decrease the ascertainment bias; however, preliminary data are in agreement with the Japanese atomic bomb reports. PMID- 6528864 TI - Postoperative adjuvant irradiation for adenocarcinoma of the rectum and sigmoid. AB - Ninety-two patients with resected adenocarcinomas of the rectum, rectosigmoid, or sigmoid, Gunderson Stages B2-3 and C1-3, received postoperative pelvic irradiation between 1976 and 1981. Thirty-three patients had gross or microscopic postoperative residual disease. Half were age 65 or older. Eighty-four patients (92%) completed therapy as planned with 71% given at least 5000 cGy. There were treatment interruptions in 26% but only two complications. The median follow-up was 32 months. Nineteen of 92 recurred in the pelvis (21%): 6/29 (21%), in Stages B2-3 (node -), 13/63 (21%), in C1-3 (node +), 7/50 (14%), in B2, C1-2 (mobile), and 12/41 (29%), in B3, C3 (fixed). There were 10/33 (30%) pelvic recurrences with postoperative residual disease compared to 9/59 (15%) recurrences in completely resected patients (p = 0.1). Among 51 patients who received greater than or equal to 4500 cGy pelvic irradiation, with no residual disease, only five recurred: 1/15 (7%) in B2-B3, 4/36 (11%) in C1-3, 4/38 (11%) in B2, C1-2, and 1/13 (8%) in B3, C3. In this cohort, the 5-year relapse-free survival rates were 83% in Stages B2-3, and 27% in Stages C1-3 (p = 0.023). High dose, postoperative pelvic irradiation is an effective and well tolerated adjuvant for local control of pelvic colon adenocarcinoma. PMID- 6528865 TI - Review of recent experience in the treatment of carcinoma of the anal canal. AB - A retrospective study was conducted for evaluation for the therapeutic efficacy of the various modalities for treatment of carcinoma of the anal canal. Thirty seven patients were reviewed. Patients commonly presented in their sixth decade of life and a four-fold predominance of women was noted. Tumor histopathology was of little relevance in determining prognosis. Surgery alone was performed on 15 patients, consisting of either abdominoperineal resection or wide excision. Multidisciplinary therapy as described by Nigro et al., 10-12 which included preoperative chemotherapy and radiation followed by surgery within a period of 4 6 weeks, was used to treat 13 patients. Radiation alone or in combination with surgery was used to treat six patients. One patient refused further treatment following radiation and chemotherapy, and the remaining two patients refused treatment from the onset. There was no difference in survival in Stages O and I patients when treated by surgery alone or with the Nigro protocol. However, Stages II and III patients had a more favorable outcome when treated by the Nigro protocol than by any other regimen. Thirteen of 21 patients treated by surgery and/or radiation therapy developed recurrence, resulting in seven deaths. Three out of 13 patients treated by the Nigro protocol developed recurrence, all of whom are alive and well following salvage treatment. Despite its infrequent use, a favorable trend is noted as a result of utilizing the multimodality protocol, particularly in patients with invasive disease. PMID- 6528866 TI - Interstitial thermoradiotherapy in the treatment of recurrent/residual malignant tumors. AB - From October 1981-November 1983, a total of 31 recurrent and/or persistent tumors in 29 patients were treated with interstitial radiotherapy in combination with interstitial hyperthermia. All patients had undergone extensive previous treatments by surgery and/or radiation therapy. In the present series, radiation used was administered by iridium 192 implant, with doses varying from 4000-6000 cGy, delivered at the rate of 1000 cGy +/- 10%/day. Hyperthermia was delivered by radiofrequency (8 lesions) and microwave (25 lesions) in two sessions, each raising tumor temperature to a minimum of 42 degrees C over 60 minutes. Of 26 lesions with at least one satisfactory heating session, there were 18 (69%) complete responses, five (19%) partial responses, and three with less than 50% regression. None of the five lesions with unsatisfactory heating resulted in complete response. Of the total group, two patients developed a cutaneous sinus and one patient developed a fistula. The detailed methodology and results are presented and recommendations for future improvements are discussed. PMID- 6528867 TI - Phase II study of methyl-glyoxal bis-guanylhydrazone (NSC 3296) in advanced ovarian cancer. AB - Thirty-nine patients received 600 mg/m2 OF MGBG intravenously every week for the treatment of advanced refractory ovarian cancer. Twenty-seven of these received adequate trials, and only two had partial remissions lasting 3 1/2 and 4 months each. Toxicity was substantial, with severe hematologic toxicity in 26%, diarrhea in 22% (severe in 7%), skin rash in 26% (severe in 7%), and vomiting in 70% (severe in 11%). Fatigue, facial paresthesias, and flushing during drug administration were frequent. It appears that MGBG in this dose and schedule has little activity against advanced ovarian cancer. PMID- 6528869 TI - PALA (NSC-224131) in advanced carcinoma of the cervix. A phase II study of the Gynecologic Oncology Group. AB - Thirty-six patients with advanced carcinoma of the cervix received PALA at a dosage of 5 gm/m2 every three weeks. Thirty-three patients had received prior irradiation therapy and chemotherapy. No complete or partial responses were seen. The major toxicity was dermatologic and occurred in 16/36 (44%) of patients. Three patients experienced dose limiting disorientation or confusion. PALA was not associated with any antitumor activity in patients with advanced carcinoma of the cervix who had received prior chemotherapy. The results of this study indicate that PALA has no substantial activity in patients with advanced squamous carcinoma of the cervix who have previously received chemotherapy. PMID- 6528868 TI - Mitoxantrone (NSC-301739) in patients with advanced ovarian carcinoma. A phase II study of the Gynecologic Oncology Group. AB - Twenty-six evaluable patients with advanced epithelial ovarian cancer were treated with mitoxantrone at a dosage of 12 mg/m2 every three weeks. One patient had a partial response; four, stable disease; the remainder progressed. Mitoxantrone used in this dosage and schedule has minimal activity in patients with previously treated epithelial ovarian cancer. PMID- 6528870 TI - Methadone detoxification: self versus physician regulation. AB - We studied 108 heroin-dependent patients who had been "stabilized" on methadone, i.e., had no change in methadone dose for at least 2 weeks. With respect to their methadone detoxification regimen, 65 of the study patients preferred physician regulation and 43 study patients preferred self-regulation. Half of each group was randomly assigned to self- or physician regulation. Twenty-five of the 108 patients reached abstinence following a regimen which lasted 22 weeks; there was no statistically significant difference in proportion of subjects reaching abstinence from any of the four study groups. We observed no differences in treatment retention, symptom severity, frequency of urines positive for morphine or quinine, or psychosocial functioning. Study subjects preferring self regulation had statistically significant increases in the number of dose raises. We conclude that there is no evidence to support the belief that physician regulation is superior to self-regulation in opioid detoxification regimens. PMID- 6528871 TI - The effect of alcohol beverage restrictions on consumption: a 25-year longitudinal analysis. AB - This project analyzed the impact of state regulation and control measures on per capita apparent distilled spirits consumption using a 25-year period, 1955-1980. The project was an effort to determine if statistically significant associations between regulation of spirits and per capita consumption could be found for the 48 states of the continental United States. A series of regression models was employed to obtain estimates of the effects of a set of independent variables, including alcoholic beverage control laws, price and price-related variables, and social/cultural control variables on apparent distilled spirits consumption. Most previous studies of the relationship of restrictions on spirits availability have led to a belief that control efforts have little or no impact on per capita consumption. This study was undertaken with the expectation of similar findings. What was found instead was that certain laws and regulations do seem to play a significant role in holding down distilled spirits consumption. The regression models developed predict a decrease of about two drinks per month per person if the state was to shift its regulatory laws (including the price of liquor, which is not always subject to regulation) from being relatively loose to being relatively strict. This decrease in drinking would cut down the level of consumption in the median state by nearly one-fourth. PMID- 6528872 TI - A model framework of alcoholism counseling: cyclic process of intensification, paradoxical shifting, and differentiation. AB - While recent literature on individual and family therapy has increasingly focused on the nature and use of paradoxical styles of intervention, little has been published concerning the use of paradox in alcoholism counseling. Alcoholism represents a type of problem that can lend itself to the use of such interventions. This paper first reviews the nature of paradoxical styles of intervention in relation to alcoholism. It then presents three developmentally determined paradoxical dynamics: intensification, paradoxical shifting, and differentiation. These are defined and examples from case studies are given for each. Therapists working with alcoholics are encouraged to consider the use of these patterns of response with their clients. PMID- 6528873 TI - Assessing needs of alcohol-related services: a social indicators approach. AB - In an effort to assess alcoholism service needs, the social indicators technique was employed. Data on 15 relevant indicators were collected. A three-step analysis was performed. First, cluster/multiple discriminant analyses were conducted to obtain scores reflecting the clustering of cases. Second, factor analysis was employed to derive scores spanning the space covered by the 15 variables. Third, results of both strategies were combined to obtain an overall need index score for each area. PMID- 6528874 TI - A cross-cultural study: a comparison of German, Spanish and Ecuadorian alcoholics using the Munich Alcoholism Test (MALT). AB - Having validated the Munich Alcoholism Test in three different countries (Germany, Spain, and Ecuador), it was determined that five of the 31 items of the test were very consistent in revealing similarities among these three alcoholic populations. PMID- 6528875 TI - The decision to recommend alcoholism treatment for DWI offenders. AB - The decision to recommend alcoholism treatment for convicted drinking drivers is examined for a treatment program in Western New York. A total of 2,061 client files were abstracted for these analyses. The Mortimer-Filkins score and the blood alcohol concentration at the time of arrest were the two best discriminating variables in the decision to recommend treatment in these analyses. When these scores were high, additional information was not needed. However, when these scores were in the low or midranges, other variables became crucial to the decision-making process. Further investigation of variables not available in these analyses is needed to determine the decision-making process for clients with low or midrange Mortimer-Filkins and BAC scores. PMID- 6528876 TI - Diagnosing alcoholism in patients with anorexia nervosa. AB - A group of 15 patients being treated for anorexia nervosa were diagnostically examined for alcoholism. Using Landeen's diagnostic questionnaire, it was found that 33% scored "likely" and another 27% scored "uncertain" for alcoholism with the rest "unlikely." This is a significantly higher rate than for the general population where 8.2% of those over the age of 14 are reported as problem drinkers including alcoholics. 67% of the subjects also reported drinking problems among relatives which is comparable to any group of diagnosed alcoholics. It is speculated that anorexia nervosa can be an addictive process with similarities to other addictions including alcoholism. PMID- 6528877 TI - Family structure, race, and adolescents' alcohol use: a research note. AB - Family structure is related to adolescents' drinking behavior differently for Blacks than Whites. Black adolescents were more likely to be heavy alcohol users when both natural parents were present, but the opposite was true for the whites. Only when non-White adolescents were in families with both parents, and the father had at least a high school education, did they drink near the rate of White adolescents. There was support of social learning theory. PMID- 6528878 TI - The peer review privilege: a law in search of a valid policy. AB - The peer review privilege prevents patient-plaintiffs from obtaining the hospital records prepared in connection with quality review proceedings. The privilege, created by statute in most states, is rationalized by the need for confidentiality in promoting complete and candid peer review. In this Article, the Author argues that the privilege cannot effectively promote confidentiality since a common exception allows physicians to obtain the records when seeking judicial review of proceedings leading to their exclusion or dismissal from hospital medical staffs. More significantly, the Author notes that while the privilege began as a device to protect physicians from testifying against their will in malpractice suits--a condonation of the "conspiracy of silence"--it has evolved into a vehicle which enables hospitals to conceal the evidence of their own neglect. PMID- 6528879 TI - Preferred provider organizations: antitrust aspects and implications for the hospital industry. AB - The hospital industry is currently undergoing a substantial transformation as a result of changes in third party reimbursement mechanisms and a tendency toward a more competitive economic environment. Hospital administrators will have to demonstrate substantial flexibility in considering and implementing innovative institutional arrangements to ensure survival in this time of austerity. The Preferred Provider Organization (PPO) is a recent development in the health care industry involving the selective contracting for health care services. This Article examines the role of section 1 of the Sherman Antitrust Act in scrutinizing the PPO for anticompetitive effects, considering the divergent requisites for competition in the health care sector. The Article also proposes a modified Rule of Reason for application to the PPO and other innovative cost containment arrangements in the industry and considers the implications of such flexible application of conventional antitrust principles for the future of the hospital industry. PMID- 6528880 TI - Private credentialing of health care personnel: a pragmatic response to academic theory. PMID- 6528881 TI - A trojan horse goes to court: Bolger v. Youngs Drug Products Corp. AB - In Bolger v. Youngs Drug Products Corp., the Supreme Court held that a statute prohibiting the mailing of unsolicited advertisements for contraceptives was unconstitutional as applied to Young's advertisements for condoms. The decision rested on a balancing of the first amendment's grant of free speech with the Government's interest in safeguarding an individual's privacy. The Court noted that the advertisements promoted the flow of information on contraception, and pertained to constitutionally protected private activity. This Case Comment argues that the Court's decision is sound and criticizes the view of the concurring opinion that shielding individuals from potentially offensive speech is a substantial governmental interest. The Comment concludes that the Court's decision expands upon precedent which established an individual's right of privacy regarding the use of contraceptives. PMID- 6528882 TI - Immunosuppressive factors in ascites fluids from ovarian cancer patients. AB - The nonspecific immunosuppressive effect of ascites fluids from ovarian cancer patients was examined and compared with that of noncancerous abdominal effusion and sera from ovarian cancer patients. The malignant ascites fluids produced a noncytotoxic, dose-dependent suppression of DNA synthesis of phytohemagglutinin stimulated human peripheral blood lymphocytes. The suppression was higher than that observed in sera from cancer patients. No suppressive effect was seen in control abdominal effusion. The factors responsible for inhibition of in vitro lymphocyte function were partially purified from ascites fluid by lentil lectin affinity chromatography and gel filtration. Major active factors had a high molecular weight (440-1500 kilodaltons), an affinity to lentil lectin, and were stable against heat and acid treatment. PMID- 6528883 TI - Identification of antigenic components recognized by "membrane-bound" antibodies from ovarian cancer patients. AB - Immunoglobulins, eluted from ascites fluid-derived membrane fragments, were used to identify antigens with which they react from ovarian cancer patients. These immunoglobulin preparations were demonstrated to bind antigens from ovarian tumors, but not from normal ovaries. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was used to identify the components responsible for the reactivity. The different patients' immunoglobulin preparations were reactive with a similar group of antigens; however, the level of response to each individual component varies. In previous studies, the acid-eluted immunoglobulin was shown to be reactive with tissues other than ovarian tumors. Relating this cross-reactivity with the antigens found in ovarian tumors, we found that some components were found only in ovarian tumors, and others appear to be shared by gynecologic tumors, in general. Of these antigens, most are apparently placental antigens. Two proteins were found in normal ovaries. PMID- 6528884 TI - Detection of antispermatozoal antibodies of IgG, IgA, and IgM immunoglobulin classes in cervical mucus. AB - The immunobead test (IBT) was applied to bromelin-treated cervical mucus (CM) samples from 78 infertile women. Seven (8.9%) of the patients were positive for IgG and/or IgA class antibodies, whilst none (0/35) were found positive for IgM class antibodies. We found that 57% of the positive samples contained IgG and IgA classes, whilst the remaining samples contained IgA alone. The implications of these results were discussed. PMID- 6528885 TI - [Intraoperative analgesia and acupuncture]. PMID- 6528886 TI - [The acupuncturist in the diagnostic and therapeutic approach to patients before a surgical procedure]. PMID- 6528888 TI - [Role of acupuncture in the treatment of standard postoperative complications]. PMID- 6528887 TI - [Value of a preanesthetic energetic evaluation]. PMID- 6528889 TI - [Electro-pharmacological anesthesia with spontaneous respiration]. PMID- 6528890 TI - [Double-blind study of the analgesic component of electropharmacological anesthesia]. PMID- 6528891 TI - [Peroperative electric analgesia (237 cases)]. PMID- 6528892 TI - [Effects of acupuncture electrostimulation on intra- and postoperative analgesia in renal surgery. Preliminary comparative study]. PMID- 6528893 TI - [Long-term electropharmacological anesthesia (5 cases) in postoperative intensive care]. PMID- 6528894 TI - [Symbiosis, main factor of evolution?]. PMID- 6528895 TI - [Axiomatics of hydration states]. PMID- 6528896 TI - [Does repetition change the performance of Fukuda's test?]. PMID- 6528898 TI - More than conventional microscopy is now required for study of moles and malignant melanomas. PMID- 6528899 TI - Whither malignant melanoma in situ? PMID- 6528897 TI - Malignant melanoma and other melanocytic neoplasms. PMID- 6528900 TI - Histopathologists can diagnose malignant melanoma in situ correctly and consistently. PMID- 6528901 TI - A critique of surgical practice in excisions of primary cutaneous malignant melanoma. PMID- 6528902 TI - Surgical margins for malignant melanomas. PMID- 6528903 TI - Clear thinking about malignant melanoma. PMID- 6528904 TI - Excising malignant melanoma. Trimming the margins. PMID- 6528905 TI - Defining the definitive excision for primary cutaneous malignant melanoma. PMID- 6528906 TI - The width and depth of the spread of malignant melanomas as observed by a chemosurgeon. PMID- 6528908 TI - Appropriate margins for resection of malignant melanoma in situ. PMID- 6528907 TI - Margins of surgically excised malignant melanomas are related to the diameters of their lesions. PMID- 6528909 TI - How consistent are dermatopathologists in reading early malignant melanomas and lesions "precursor" to them? An international survey. AB - Nine cases thought to be "precursors" of malignant melanoma were submitted to 15 histopathologists who have a special interest in melanocytic lesions. The survey revealed that reliable, objective, and repeatable differentiation among benign melanocytic hyperplasias, "precursors," low-risk malignant melanomas, and Spitz's nevi was not achieved. Furthermore, the terminology varied considerably, and some of the same terms were not always used to mean the same things. Clinicians should be aware of the limitations of histopathological interpretations of lesions containing atypical melanocytes. A higher degree of unanimity appears possible when a more simplified and more widely accepted terminology is employed and when differentiating criteria are more clearly established. PMID- 6528912 TI - The snake of apocopation. PMID- 6528910 TI - Resolving the problem of wide and deep excisions of malignant melanomas. PMID- 6528911 TI - Ambiguity and error in medical writing. PMID- 6528913 TI - What is the liability of a general pathologist who acts as a dermatopathologist? PMID- 6528914 TI - Differentiation of melanocytic nevi from malignant melanomas in palms, soles, and nail beds solely by signs in the cornified layer of the epidermis. PMID- 6528915 TI - Clefts as clues to melanocytes in the stratum corneum. PMID- 6528916 TI - Making orderly the disorderly nevus. PMID- 6528917 TI - Critical commentary on statements in "Precursors to Malignant Melanoma". PMID- 6528918 TI - The risk of malignant melanoma arising in congenital melanocytic nevi. An argument against the assignment of risk based on size alone. PMID- 6528919 TI - All small congenital nevi need not be removed. PMID- 6528920 TI - A classification of melanocytic dysplasias and malignant melanomas. PMID- 6528921 TI - Recurrent Spitz's nevus. AB - A recurrence of a spindle- and epithelioid-cell nevus following partial removal is described. Clinical and histologic photographs of the original and recurrent lesion and an immunohistochemical stain (S-100) which highlights melanocytic cells and their pattern of growth are included. This nodular recurrence of a Spitz's nevus is contrasted with macular recurrence of ordinary melanocytic nevi that may follow partial removal by shaves. It is presented in order to promote recognition and prevent misdiagnosis of such a recurrence as a malignant melanoma. PMID- 6528922 TI - A melanomatous carcinoma. A case report and commentary. AB - A unique cutaneous neoplasm situated wholly in the dermis and showing features of both malignant melanoma and basaloid cell carcinoma is described. PMID- 6528923 TI - Presumed primary malignant melanoma of the gallbladder. Report of a case and a review of literature. AB - Primary malignant melanomas of the gallbladder are rare lesions that have been the subject of debate. Only 11 such cases have been reported. The debate is reviewed and conflicting opinions of workers in the field are discussed. Attention is drawn to some of the features that are said to characterize the lesions presumed to be primary melanomas of the gallbladder, such as polypoid growth, "junctional" changes in the normal mucosa, and, above all, absence of other demonstrable primary foci of malignant melanomas. What at first appeared to be the 12th case of this rare entity, and in the youngest patient at that, is now described by light and electron microscopy, but a more likely possibility, supported by biopsy of the skin, is that an undiagnosed malignant melanoma in the skin had undergone complete regression after it had metastasized to the gallbladder. PMID- 6528924 TI - Lymphangiosarcoma in chronic lymphedema that followed dissection of the groin in surgical management of a malignant melanoma. AB - A 41-year-old white man who had a malignant melanoma in the left lumbar area was treated by wide excision and dissection of the ipsilateral inguinal lymph nodes. Progression and irreversible lymphedema of the left lower extremity developed. Fourteen years after the surgery, numerous purplish plaques and nodules developed on the left leg and thigh. Histologic examination by conventional and electron microscopy yielded the diagnosis of angiosarcoma. The patient died 18 months after the diagnosis was made. PMID- 6528925 TI - Malignant melanoma in association with lichen sclerosus on the vulva of a 14-year old. PMID- 6528926 TI - Spongiotic changes in melanocytic nevi. AB - We report eight patients in whom one or more pigmented melanocytic nevi developed a halo of inflammation characterized histologically by spongiotic dermatitis. This change was not related to involution of any of them. One of these pigmented lesions was thought clinically to be a malignant melanoma. PMID- 6528927 TI - An occult primary malignant melanoma in a black. Initial diagnosis by aspiration biopsy cytology of a metastasis. AB - Aspiration of tissue through a fine needle is a feasible way of obtaining material for diagnosis. The value, readability, and specificity of aspiration biopsy cytology is illustrated by a case in which nonpigmented neoplastic cells from an axillary mass were interpretable as metastatic malignant melanoma. That interpretation was later confirmed by conventional and electron microscopy of tissue. A search for the primary lesion led to recognition and excision of a malignant neoplasm with Schwannian features that probably arose in a congenital nevus. PMID- 6528929 TI - Preventing deaths from malignant melanomas. PMID- 6528928 TI - Spitz's nevus in a "black" child of mixed ancestry. AB - The clinical and histologic features of a Spitz's nevus in a "black" child of mixed ancestry are described. The significance and rarity of this condition in phenotypically black individuals is commented upon. PMID- 6528930 TI - A program for detection of early lesions of cutaneous malignant melanoma in the province of Trento (Italy). PMID- 6528931 TI - On the mechanism of regression of malignant melanoma. PMID- 6528932 TI - The histogenesis of acquired melanocytic nevi. Based on a new concept of melanocytic differentiation. AB - A new concept of melanocytic differentiation during normal development is presented, suggesting that 1) normally developing melanocytes and Wagner-Meissner bodies are both derived from primitive, pluripotential precursors in the perineural region of fetal cutaneous nerves; and 2) melanocytes, like keratinocytes and many other cell series, have a differentiation pathway with discrete stages. The proposed stages of the melanocytic differentiation pathway are: the nerve-sheath precursor stage, the dermal migratory stage, the junctional migratory stage, and the dendritic stage. This theory is consistent with current knowledge of human embryology, present understanding of the biology of cells derived from the neural crest, and modern concepts of stem cells and differentiation. Based on this concept, it is proposed that the commonly encountered types of acquired melanocytic nevi derive from pluripotential cells in the nerve-sheath precursor stage of the melanocytic differentiation pathway. As the progeny of these precursors attempt to mature along the pathway, they may produce various patterns that may be interpreted as caricatures of the stages in the pathway. In particular, maturation of most elements to the dendritic stage may produce the pattern of lentigo simplex; predominance of maturation to the junctional migratory stage may produce the pattern of junctional nevi; predominance of maturation to the dermal migratory stage may produce the pattern of intradermal nevi; and failure of progeny to mature along the melanocytic differentiation pathway may produce the pattern of neuroid nevi. This histogenetic model accounts satisfactorily for morphologic variations and clinicopathologic correlations in acquired melanocytic nevi. PMID- 6528933 TI - The neoplastic development of malignant melanoma. A biological rationale. AB - It is suggested that melanocytes may be characterized by a differentiation pathway with four distinct stages during normal tissue maintenance: the nerve sheath precursor stage, the dermal migratory stage, the junctional migratory stage, and the dendritic stage. Carcinogenic action on cells in these four stages may produce four classes of lesions: neurotropic melanoma, invasive malignant melanoma, epidermal melanocytic precursors of invasive malignant melanoma, and isolated atypical epidermal melanocytes. Morphologic variations within a class are interpretable as reflecting varying degrees of aberration from the behavior of normal cells in the corresponding stage. This theory accounts for morphologic variations and salient clinicopathologic correlations during the neoplastic development of malignant melanoma. It is consistent with fundamental principles of carcinogenesis, modern ideas about stem cells and differentiation, and current understanding of the pathogenesis of metastasis. It may be of some value in resolving present controversies and may contribute to the development of improved methods of diagnosis and management of malignant melanoma. Further study is necessary before these concepts may be prudently applied in clinical practice. PMID- 6528934 TI - Biopsy technique for longitudinal streaks of pigmentation in nails. A preliminary report. PMID- 6528935 TI - Familial melanopathy with gigantic melanocytes. AB - Familial melanopathy with giant melanocytes is a unique pigmentary disorder that to the best of the author's knowledge has not been described before. The clinical and pathological features of this disorder, herein described in four patients, are very characteristic and can be easily discerned both grossly and histologically. More patients with this disorder will probably now be recognized, particularly in the Far and Middle East. PMID- 6528936 TI - The proliferative activity of cells of malignant melanomas. AB - The proliferative rates of cells of malignant melanomas were studied by autoradiography after incorporation of tritiated thymidine in them. There is a relationship between the proportion of melanomatous cells synthesizing DNA and the maximum thickness of the neoplasm. Our data suggest that there are two biologically distinct steps in the evolution of malignant melanoma that are closely related to the direction of growth of the neoplasm (horizontal or vertical) but unrelated to the clinicopathological pattern (superficial spreading, nodular or lentiginous). Malignant melanomas with high risk for early metastases are characterized by higher labeling indices for tritiated thymidine (greater than 1.5%) and by greater numbers of melanomatous cells synthesizing DNA (greater than 40/mm2 at the lateral margins of the neoplasms). PMID- 6528937 TI - A giant congenital pigmented nevus in a horse. AB - Pigmented nevi have not been widely recognized in domesticated animals. We describe, for the first time, a giant congenital pigmented nevus in a horse. Because of a prominent neuroid component within the lesion, neurofibromatosis was the major differential diagnosis. PMID- 6528938 TI - Unusual stromal patterns in truly recurrent and satellite metastatic lesions of malignant melanoma. PMID- 6528939 TI - In what sense are break points prognostic in malignant melanomas? PMID- 6528940 TI - Prediction of lymph node metastases from the histologic features of primary cutaneous malignant melanomas. AB - Elective regional lymph-node dissection was performed on 98 patients with clinical Stage I cutaneous malignant melanoma and 26 of them were found to have microscopic evidence of metastases. The histology of the primary lesions was reviewed in order to find possible prognostic parameters that would allow prediction of nodal involvement. There was an increased risk of occult lymph node metastases with increasing thickness of the primary lesions. While this trend was not found to be statistically significant, no occult lymph node metastases were found for lesions less than 1.0 mm in thickness. Significant features included mitotic figures, "prognostic index," and plasma cells within the infiltrate. A multiple logistic regression analysis identified three groups of patients with low, medium, and high risk of occult metastases, based on thickness, location, and plasma cells. The correlation between plasma cells and the incidence of metastases in lymph nodes might represent an immunologic phenomenon. PMID- 6528941 TI - On biopsying lesions suspected of being malignant melanomas. PMID- 6528942 TI - Biological behavior and natural course of acral malignant melanoma. Clinical and histologic features and prognosis of palmoplantar, subungual, and other acral malignant melanomas. AB - This study, based on 67 Japanese cases of acral malignant melanomas, presents their gross clinical and histologic features and the natural history of the lesions with respect to anatomic locations, thicknesses, and sex of patients afflicted. We found that the anatomic locations of malignant melanomas in Japanese are unique in the sense that more than 40% of cutaneous melanomas occurred in palmoplantar and subungual sites, about 80% showed the clinical and histologic features of the acral lentiginous type, 15% were in the form of nodular malignant melanoma, and 3% in the form of superficial spreading malignant melanoma. We did not find any difference in prognosis of acral malignant melanomas from that of malignant melanomas on other parts of the body. Neither was there significant difference in the overall survival rates or in the survival rates within same range of thickness. There was some difference in the survival rates of patients with palmoplantar and subungual malignant melanoma of men and women, the women being younger and having better survival rates than the men. However, no significant difference was found in survival rates from the factor of thickness of lesion. Our study indicates the usefulness of specifications of thickness and anatomic site in predicting biological behavior and natural course of acral malignant melanomas. PMID- 6528943 TI - Invasive malignant melanomas lacking competence for metastasis. AB - Two stages of progression have been described in malignant melanomas, namely, the so-called "radial" and "vertical" phases of growth. We sought the presence or absence of vertical growth in 211 invasive cutaneous malignant melanomas. Disease free survival in 146 patients with vertical growth was 63.7%, whereas 100% of 65 patients whose neoplasms lacked this feature survived 5 years or more after ablation of their lesions without evidence of recurrence or metastasis. Microstaging of patients with malignant melanoma by traditional means (level of invasion and thickness) identifies groups of patients at low and high risk of metastasis. Our data suggest that the absence of vertical progression of growth identifies a group of patients whose risk of metastasis is close to zero. PMID- 6528944 TI - Neurotropic malignant melanoma and other neurotropic neoplasms in the skin. PMID- 6528945 TI - Histology of congenital nevi during the first year of life. A study by conventional and electron microscopy. AB - We studied 14 biopsies of congenital melanocytic nevi of children up to 1 year of age. In 11 biopsies we found two different types of melanocytic cells. In the reticular dermis, they were small cells. They had small nuclei, little cytoplasm, and no detectable pigment. They did not come in nests, but were scattered between the collagen bundles. The other type of cells was found within the epidermis or closely under it. These cells were large and round, and had abundant cytoplasms and evenly distributed melanin. Sometimes these cells were arranged in nests and in two moles they were also found in the epithelia of follicles. In all of these biopsies (with three exceptions) the superficial, large pigmented cells were separated from the deep, small, nonpigmented ones by a zone of tissue without any melanocytic cell. Early in life both types of cells are clearly separated, and the superficial ones are few. At later ages the superficial large cells are found in increased numbers, whereas the number of the deep ones does not change with age. PMID- 6528946 TI - Behavior of melanocytic nevi during pregnancy. AB - Three hundred eighty-nine pregnant women were interviewed and examined for the purpose of determining the incidence and quality of changes that may have occurred in their pigmented cutaneous lesions during their pregnancies. Somewhat more than 10% of them reported changes had occurred in their pigmented lesions, most in the first trimester of pregnancy. However, in 26 lesions that had been biopsied, no significant histologic changes were found when compared with comparable pigmented lesions from age-matched women who were not pregnant. PMID- 6528947 TI - Computer-assisted volumetric analysis of cutaneous malignant melanomas. AB - The total number of neoplastic cells seems to be an important factor in interactions between host and neoplasm. Studies of patients with leukemia indicate that cure of the disease occurs after reduction of leukemic cells below 10(6). With this concept in mind, a calculation of the number of neoplastic cells in cutaneous malignant melanoma was performed by computerized volumetric analysis. Serial sections of three entire lesions were assessed by a system of Videoplan Morphometry. The results were compared with conventional prognostic variables (level, thickness, mitotic index). This method of assessing volume did not improve the prognostic accuracy afforded by simpler methods. PMID- 6528948 TI - Malignant melanoma in situ, precancerous melanosis, or atypical intraepidermal melanocytic proliferation. PMID- 6528949 TI - [Treatment of acute asthmatic crisis in the child]. PMID- 6528951 TI - [Asthma, allergy to house dust, and complement]. PMID- 6528950 TI - [Hypergammaglobulinemia E. (Buckley's syndrome). Presentation of a case]. PMID- 6528952 TI - Characterization of allergens in a crude extract of Dermatophagoides farinae and their identification in a new purified preparation. AB - The allergens of a crude D. farinae extract were identified by means of crossed radioimmunoelectrophoresis (CRIE). A total of 11 allergens were identified. They were characterized as three major, three intermediate and five minor allergens, based on radiostaining in CRIE. In addition to the radiostaining due to allergens, some misleading radiostaining was observed associated with some of the other antigens. A purified commercially available preparation, Spectralgen Mite D. farinae, was compared with the crude extract by means of immunoelectrophoretic techniques and radioallergosorbent test (RAST) based techniques. The purified preparation was found to be fully representative of the allergens in the crude extract. All 11 allergens were identified in the purified preparation. The purification ratio of the allergens varied from 2 to 7, while the total specific allergenic activity was approximately 6 times higher in the purified preparation than in the crude extract, as judged from RAST-inhibition studies. PMID- 6528953 TI - Nasal hypersensitivity in wood furniture workers. An allergological and immunological investigation with special reference to mould and wood. AB - Occupational nasal allergies caused by moulds and wood dust were extensively studied in six wood furniture factories. The concentration of moulds, wood dust and endotoxins was registered and occasionally high values were found. Paecilomyces spec. was the most common mould. Answers to a special questionnaire showed that 16% (42/268) of the wood workers with a mean exposure time of 12 years had a history compatible with hypersensitivity in the upper airways associated with their work. Calculations based on skin prick tests and provocation tests with relevant allergens showed that the wood furniture workers had an incidence of allergy to moulds in 3% and to wood dust in 2%. Most of the workers (5/7) sensitive to moulds and/or woods were also skin prick sensitive to other allergens. No statistical difference concerning the presence of precipitating antibodies against mould and wood antigens could be registered between workers with discomfort and workers without symptoms. PMID- 6528954 TI - Skin prick testing and the use of histamine references. AB - The skin prick test is a fundamental test in biological allergen standardization and in evaluation of changes in skin sensitivity due to treatment. The allergen concentration eliciting a wheal equal to that produced by histamine 1 mg/ml is generally accepted as the skin sensitivity. Using a standardized quantitative skin prick test, 25 mould allergic patients were tested with quadruplicate determinations of five 10-fold allergen concentrations of highly purified and standardized extracts. Histamine 1 and 10 mg/ml were used as positive references. The 10-fold increase of histamine resulted in a doubling of the histamine reaction and increased the mean wheal diameter from 4 to 7 mm. The correlation between skin sensitivity estimated by histamine 1 and 10 mg/ml is significant, but with a dissociation between the two ways of estimating the sensitivity of 0.25 log step in the low sensitivity range and 1.8 log step in the high sensitivity range (the difference at median sensitivity is 1 log step). No correlation was found between histamine- and allergen-induced wheal area increase, and the discrepancy might be caused by a difference in the endogenous histamine release and/or difference in the number of histamine receptors at different degrees of sensitivity. With the use of median values it is possible to perform biological standardization with histamine 10 mg/ml and interpolate to histamine 1 mg/ml. However, the response in individual patients varies, and because of the small wheal area and the low reproducibility with histamine 1 mg/ml we recommend the exchange of histamine 1 mg/ml to histamine 10 mg/ml as an international positive reference. PMID- 6528955 TI - Tree pollen allergy. I. Features of plant geography and pollen counts. AB - The distribution of trees and bushes in Sweden (viz. lignoses) of possible allergic importance is presented and comments made on analyses of pollen counts of lignose taxa from different parts of the country. Based on these data, 20 lignose taxa were selected for an allergen panel and used in a multi-centre study covering Sweden with the aim of revealing the pattern of sensitization to these plants among sufferers of springtime hay fever. PMID- 6528956 TI - Tree pollen allergy. II. Sensitization to various tree pollen allergens in Sweden. A multi-centre study. AB - In a multi-centre study, comprising 16 clinics, 871 adult hay fever patients were studied. Most patients included had springtime hay fever. Skin prick tests were performed with 20 different tree or bush pollen (lignoses) allergens. RAST determinations were done with eight different tree pollen allergens in 590 patients. Birch pollen (BP) allergen gave the highest frequency of positive test results. The test results with the various tree pollen allergens in patients with BP allergy were compared with those in patients without BP allergy. With all the allergens a significantly higher frequency of positive test results was found in those with BP allergy than in those without. Only very small differences were noted between various parts of the country, and sensitization against various tree pollens was common even in regions where the corresponding trees do not grow. It was concluded that a high degree of cross-sensitization exists among tree pollens, and testing with BP allergen is sufficient for the diagnostic screening of tree pollen allergy. PMID- 6528957 TI - Lack of evidence for human lymphokines with thrombocyte aggregating activity. An in vitro study. AB - The ability of human lymphocytes to produce soluble mediator(s) with thrombocyte aggregating activity (TAA) was investigated in an in vitro technique. Isolated human mononuclear cells were stimulated with phytohaemagglutinin or purified protein derivative of tuberculin. The supernatants were investigated for lymphokine activity in a leucocyte migration inhibitory factor assay. Supernatants were then tested for their ability to aggregate human thrombocytes, and in contrast to the results of previous studies, we were not able to demonstrate any TAA. Most likely, lymphokines with TAA are not involved in the thrombotic processes seen in human cell-mediated immune inflammatory reactions. PMID- 6528958 TI - IgE antibody studies in a case of generalized allergic reaction to human insulin. AB - A patient developed a generalized reaction to purified bovine, purified porcine and human insulin. High levels of IgE antibody to bovine, porcine, human emp and human crb insulin were demonstrated. These fell dramatically following desensitization with human crb insulin. All four types of insulin gave superimposable RAST inhibition curves indicating a common allergen determinant. PMID- 6528960 TI - Effect of budesonide inhalation on airway obstruction at bronchial allergen provocation after varying lengths of pre-treatment. PMID- 6528961 TI - [Control of temporary anticoagulation in extracorporeal circulation using activated coagulation time]. AB - The customary use of standardized regimens for heparin anticoagulation and its neutralization by protamine in cardiopulmonary bypass may result in gross over- or underdosage of either substance with resulting clinical problems. Heparin and protamine doses, postoperative blood loss during the first 20 h and the need for bank blood in a group of 100 patients following a fixed heparin-protamine protocol were compared with another group of 106 cases with ACT-guided heparin and protamine dosage. In the ACT-group the mean heparin dose was 22.5% less (3.57 mg/kg and 4.60 mg/kg respectively) than in the standard group. Protamine doses fell by 58.5% from 5.11 mg/kg to 2.12 mg/kg in the ACT-group. The mean postoperative blood loss in the ACT-cases was 4.54 ml/kg/20h, 2.29 ml respectively 33.5% less than that of control group. The demand for bank blood in the ACT-group was 1.97 units opposed to 5.12 units in the standardized regimen group. PMID- 6528959 TI - A pharmacokinetic study of the recommended dosing schedules of Theo-Dur and Uniphylline. AB - Theo-Dur, 300 mg twice daily, and Uniphylline, 600 mg once daily taken with food were compared in an open cross-over study in healthy volunteers. Uniphylline had significantly (P less than 0.001) higher peaks, lower troughs and wider variation in theophylline concentrations than Theo-Dur. Peak plasma concentrations were reached earlier for Theo-Dur but the difference failed to reach statistical significance (0.05 less than P less than 0.1). There was no significant difference between the two drugs in area under the plasma concentration time curve. Therapeutic occupancy lasted significantly longer (P less than 0.05) with Theo-Dur; eight volunteers attained 24 h therapeutic occupancy after administration of Theo-Dur compared to 4 h with Uniphylline. PMID- 6528962 TI - [Hemothorax caused by injury of the 1st intercostal artery following trial puncture of the subclavian vein]. AB - This article reports the case of a patient who sustained an injury of the intercostal artery after a vena subclavia aspiration with extensive haemothorax. After thoracotomy, haemostatic treatment, respiratory therapy, intensive care and a prolonged hospital stay the female patient was discharged with a clean bill of health. PMID- 6528963 TI - [Transient low frequency hearing loss following spinal anesthesia]. AB - Hearing loss after spinal anaesthesia is very seldom reported in the literature. After having seen such a case we studied prospectively 100 patients with urological operations under spinal anaesthesia. We found 3 patients having a typical picture of a transient hearing loss in the low frequency range (30 dB). This disturbance was reversible in short time without special therapy. PMID- 6528965 TI - [Autotransfusion--current viewpoints--future aspects]. PMID- 6528964 TI - [Beroset Y 23 G--a new teflon indwelling catheter]. AB - A new type of FEP-Teflon intravenous cannula has been developed with particular attention being paid to its use in paediatrics. Its advantages are: improved control of the needle tip during venipuncture via improved grip:--additional facility for injection or blood sampling via side arm--comfortable easy strapping via flat hub. PMID- 6528966 TI - Description of analytical problems arising from elevated serum solids. AB - There has always been a problem with the collection of data and interpretation of the results obtained from any biological fluid in which the solids content was increased to a great extent. Of these solids, the triglycerides of the lipids may cause a plasma (serum) to vary in appearance from opalescent to milky. This condition of the specimen and the concomitant turbidity upon its addition to reagents creates the well-documented optical aberrations of spectrophotometric measurements. In addition, the lipids, in conjunction with the proteins, can act as diluents when they are elevated, thereby decreasing what might be termed the residual true plasma volume. Thus the water content of an aliquot sampled for a particular analytical procedure is diminished, and by that means a situation is created in which a short sample is drawn. This dilution effect by the solids results in a lowering of the assay values obtained for the measured constituents of such a serum sample. An associated phenomenon of high concentrations of solids, especially proteins, is the increase in viscosity of a specimen, a condition that also causes an error of short sampling when certain peristaltic pumping devices are used. This review considers several aspects of problems encountered when dealing with a number of circumstances that are critical to the measurement of analytes in severely hyperlipemic and/or hyperproteinemic specimens. These include the problems of short sampling; the potential amelioration of the problem by corrective mathematics, extraction of the lipids, or ultracentrifugation of the true plasma from the lipids; the important need to include most analytes into our considerations; the difference in reference base values for the calculation of concentrations of lipids of serum versus other analytes; the concept of the use of ratios when the reference base values differ, numerator analyte from denominator analyte; and the problems of using serum blanks when necessary corrective action for the solids volume is neglected. Thus, in the final analysis, problems with underestimated volumes of samples used for many spectrophotometric determinations are considered here along with the other difficulties encountered when the need to measure analytes in serums with extremely high solids content presents. PMID- 6528967 TI - An evaluation of purity criteria for bovine rod outer segment membranes. AB - The purity criteria of bovine rod outer segments (ROS) purified by different procedures were evaluated. Bovine ROS were purified by flotation and/or sedimentation in a continuous concentration gradient of sucrose. The purity of the different fractions was then evaluated according to four purity criteria: (i) the A280/delta A500 ratio, (ii) the moles of phospholipid per mole of rhodopsin, (iii) the fatty acid composition, and (iv) the interfacial properties of ROS membranes. All the purity criteria, except the A280/delta A500 ratio, were found to be adequate. From our results, the A280/delta A500 ratio cannot be used alone to characterize ROS purity. Furthermore, the phospholipid-to-rhodopsin ratio appears as the best purity criterion because of its reliability, its higher sensitivity, and its ease of achievement. It is noteworthy that mechanical treatment of the retinas dramatically affects the purification of ROS. PMID- 6528968 TI - Characterization of rat lutropin charge microheterogeneity using chromatofocusing. AB - Chromatofocusing was utilized to separate rat lutropin isohormones. The pH gradients generated were highly reproducible, allowing accurate comparisons of isohormones in different elution profiles. Extracts of anterior pituitaries from intact male rats yielded at least seven species of immunoreactive lutropin after chromatofocusing. Five species exhibited apparent pI's in the range 8.97 to 9.25. Two additional peaks of rat lutropin were also observed: one in the void volume (pI greater than 9.8) and one which bound to the column but could be eluted with 1.0 M NaCl (pI less than 7.0). All seven lutropin isohormones were active in an in vitro bioassay. The biological-to-immunological (B:I) assay ratios were directly related to the apparent pI. The presence of both the basic and the acidic species of biologically active rat lutropin has not been previously observed with isoelectric focusing. Chromatofocusing should prove to be a valuable analytical tool in the isolation and characterization of gonadotropin isohormones. PMID- 6528969 TI - Free malonaldehyde determination in tissues by high-performance liquid chromatography. AB - A high-performance liquid chromatographic method was developed for the quantification of free malonaldehyde (MA) in tissues. HPLC separation was performed using a TSK G1000 PW column (7.5-mm i.d. X 30 cm) with a mobile phase of 0.1 M Na3PO4 buffer, pH 8.0, at a flow rate of 0.6 ml/min. The eluant was monitored at 267 nm. Free MA in the tissue sample was separated and quantified in approximately 50 min. The lowest amount of MA that can be determined by this HPLC technique is approximately 1 ng per injection. This method was successfully applied to rat liver and beef, pork, and chicken muscle and was compared to the thiobarbituric acid (TBA) test. It was found to be more sensitive, accurate, and specific for the determination of free MA than the TBA method. PMID- 6528970 TI - Circular dichroism analyses of membrane proteins: an examination of differential light scattering and absorption flattening effects in large membrane vesicles and membrane sheets. AB - The circular dichroism spectra of membrane suspensions are distorted by differential light scattering and absorption flattening effects, which arise as a consequence of the large size of the membrane particles relative to the wavelength of light and the high concentration of proteins in the membranes. In this paper, the consequences of these phenomena on the protein spectra of large membrane particles are discussed, and methods for eliminating them are examined. The distortions due to differential light scattering are relatively small in membrane systems, and can be compensated for by use of a large detector acceptance angle geometry. Several methods for correcting for differential flattening, which introduces a substantial distortion, have been evaluated, and a new method, the flattening quotient approach, which produces by far the best results, is described. Since the secondary structures calculated from circular dichroism spectra are highly dependent on accurate spectral shape and magnitude, this method for correcting the spectra may find general application in circular dichroism studies of membrane proteins. PMID- 6528971 TI - Assay of long-chain acyl-CoAs in a complex reaction mixture. AB - A method has been developed which allows the quantitative analysis of labeled or unlabeled acyl-CoAs in complex reaction mixtures. The method is based on (a) a quantitative solubilization of acyl-CoAs and lipids, directly in the reaction vessel, by 0.05 M Tris-HCl, pH 7.5/CHCl3/CH3OH (1/3/3, v/v/v); (b) monodimensional TLC of aliquots of the whole reaction mixture, resolving malonyl CoA, acetyl-CoA, long-chain acyl-CoAs, polar lipids and neutral lipids plus free fatty acids; and (c) quantitation by TLC densitometry and/or TLC radiochromatography. All fractions--and particularly long chain-acyl-CoAs--can then be analyzed for distribution and label of fatty acyl moieties. PMID- 6528972 TI - Identification of cysteine-containing peptides in protein digests by high performance liquid chromatography. AB - A method is described for the facile identification of half-cystine residues in peptides from protein digests. Combined use of S-beta-(4-pyridylethylation) of cysteine residues with 4-vinyl pyridine and peptide mapping by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography provides the basis for this procedure. Essentially simultaneous, in-line effluent monitoring at 220, 280, and 254 nm provides highly sensitive, specific, and instantaneous identification of all peptide peaks, as well as those containing tryptophan and half-cystine residues, respectively. The resultant cysteine-derivatized peptides are well suited to amino acid compositional and protein sequence analysis, and are protected from loss during enzymatic digestion and/or peptide mapping. PMID- 6528973 TI - A sensitive enzymatic assay for determination of cholesterol in lipid extracts. AB - A procedure for the determination of free and total cholesterol in lipid extracts is described. The method for free cholesterol employs cholesterol oxidase to generate H2O2 and peroxidase to catalyze the reaction of H2O2 with o-dianisidine to yield a colored product. For the determination of total cholesterol, cholesterol ester hydrolase is included. PMID- 6528974 TI - An in vivo-in vitro alkaline DNA unwinding assay for hepatic DNA damage: comparison with the alkaline sucrose gradient centrifugation technique. AB - An in vivo-in vitro alkaline DNA unwinding assay for single-strand breaks and/or alkali-labile lesions in hepatic DNA is described. The assay involves isolation of hepatic nuclei from mice, alkaline denaturation and unwinding of hepatic DNA, separation of single- and double-stranded DNA by hydroxylapatite batch chromatography, and quantitation of DNA in chromatographic fractions by a fluorometric assay. The method allows for the sensitive detection of hepatic DNA damage following in vivo administration of xenobiotics. Using this procedure, DNA fragmentation was demonstrated in alkali after administration of as little as 0.5 mg/kg of N-nitrosodimethylamine (DMN) to male B6C3F1 mice. A comparison of this technique with a similar alkaline sucrose density gradient centrifugation assay demonstrated comparable limits of sensitivity for the two procedures. PMID- 6528975 TI - [3H]tryptophan-[14C]proline dual label method for the simultaneous determination of collagen and noncollagen protein production. AB - A new method for the simultaneous determination of newly synthesized collagen and noncollagen proteins has been developed. Because tryptophan is not found in collagen noncollagen proteins were specifically labeled with [3H]tryptophan. [14C]Proline was used to label both groups of proteins. To calculate the 14C labeled noncollagen protein the 3H radioactivity of the protein mixture was divided by the ratio of 3H:14C in noncollagen protein of a representative sample. This value was obtained by collagenase digestion. The remaining 14C radioactivity in the protein mixture was attributed to [14C]collagen. There was a very good correlation between the dual label method and the widely used collagenase digestion method for the measurement of collagen and noncollagen protein production and for the calculation of the relative rate of collagen synthesis. This new method provides a simple and accurate analysis of collagen production, and it is suitable for rapid processing of a large number of biological samples. PMID- 6528976 TI - Determination of molecular weights by differential cryoscopy on small volumes of dilute solutions of oligopeptides. AB - A differential cryoscope of the equilibrium type is described. It requires only 1 ml of sample for a molecular-weight determination of a solute in a solvent that freezes below room temperature. The instrument is sensitive to +/- 0.0002 degrees C, which corresponds to +/- 0.0001 mol of solute per 1000 g of water. The apparatus was evaluated by measuring the freezing point depressions of 0.015 M urea and 0.01 M alanine in water, the measured molecular weights being accurate to within +/- 5%. The molecular weights of the following oligopeptides were then measured to determine their states of aggregation in the cited solvents: Ac-Asn Pro-Tyr-NHMe in H2O and dimethyl sulfoxide and cyclo(L-alanyl-L-alanyl-epsilon aminocaproyl), cyclo(L-alanyl-D-alanyl-epsilon-aminocaproyl), cyclo(L-alanyl-L analyl-omega-capryl), cyclo(L-alanyl-D-alanyl-omega-capryl), and Ac-Tyr-Pro-Asn NHMe in dimethyl sulfoxide. PMID- 6528977 TI - Analytical isoelectric focusing using a high-voltage vertical slab polyacrylamide gel system. AB - A commercially supplied vertical slab electrophoresis system has been modified to permit electrofocusing of thin gels using electrical potentials of 3000 V and higher. Polyacrylamide gels (5.65% T, 2.65% C; 2.4-3.3% (w/v) ampholytes; 0.35 mm thick X 98-105 mm long X 140 mm wide) were run under native and denaturing conditions. Accurate temperature regulation and atmospheric control were obtained by casting the gel between two glass plates, and then completely submerging the gel in the lower tank buffer. As many as 18 samples were loaded into wells at the top of each gel. Protein standards and mouse ascites fluid were focused on gels in the native state using a broad-range blend of commercial ampholytes from pH 3.5 to 10. Narrow-range pH ampholyte blends were also used: pH 2.5 to 6 under denaturing conditions resolving bovine calmodulins; pH 4 to 6 under a native condition for human plasma proteins including immunoglobulin G, fibronectin, and fibrinogen; pH 4 to 6 under denaturing conditions for myosin light chains; pH 6 to 9 under native conditions for human hemoglobins; and pH 9 to 11 under denaturing conditions to separate 30 S ribosomal subunit proteins. High-voltage vertical slab electrofocusing provides a means for rapid resolution of multiple protein samples using stable pH gradients. The method is especially valuable in ranges near pH 2.5 and pH 10.5 in which difficulties have previously been encountered with regard to atmospheric control and temperature regulation using conventional focusing techniques. PMID- 6528978 TI - Counterflow immunoisotachophoresis on cellulose acetate membranes. AB - Discontinuous electrophoresis on cellulose acetate membranes with the use of 0.06 M Tris-HCl (pH 6.7) as the leading electrolyte and 0.012 M Tris-beta-alanine (pH 8.6) as the terminating one results in concentration of the proteins present in the system on the Cl-/beta-alanine- boundary. If the antigen solution is placed in a "pocket" ahead of the moving boundary, a counterflow to the cathode arises due to electroendosmosis. At constant voltage the migration rate of the boundary drops and that of electroendosmosis does not change until they become equal. In such a stationary position, the antigen-containing solution is passing through the Cl-/beta-alanine- boundary to the cathode, while all the proteins are completely "absorbed" on the boundary as highly concentrated bands. Addition of ampholytes to the antigen solution contributes to the isotachophoretic separation of a protein mixture on the strip. The concentrated and separated antigens can be revealed by immunofixation, immunodiffusion, or crossed immunoelectrophoresis in gel. The technique is approximately 100 times more sensitive compared to the usual immunodiffusion and immunoelectrophoresis methods on cellulose acetate membranes, and is applicable to the detection of trace amounts of antigens in the urine, liquor, amniotic fluid, tears, and other biological fluids with low protein contents. PMID- 6528979 TI - Purification of thiol:protein-disulfide oxidoreductase from bovine liver. AB - A rapid purification procedure of thiol:protein-disulfide oxidoreductase (EC 1.8.4.2) from bovine liver has been developed. The procedure is based on that of D. F. Carmichael, J. E. Morin, and J. E. Dixon (1977, J. Biol. Chem. 252, 7163 7167), and contains the following steps: homogenization in Triton X-100, selective heat denaturation, chromatography on CM-Sephadex C-50, and chromatography on DEAE-Sephadex A-50. The final preparation has a high specific activity and a high level of purity as judged by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. PMID- 6528980 TI - Size-exclusion high-performance liquid chromatography and sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of proteins: a comparison. AB - When size-exclusion HPLC (SE-HPLC) is applied for the separation of hydrophilic and hydrophobic proteins, numerous problems can be encountered, which may present considerable difficulties. A major source of such complications is interaction between column packing and sample, especially on the so-called "Diol" and "Polyol" columns. In many cases interaction can be reduced only by adding detergents. Calibration proteins and hydrophobic membrane proteins of liver are separated by SE-HPLC. The influence of detergents on association and dissociation of protein subunits and protein configuration is shown. These factors can affect the elution volume during chromatography. Furthermore it is shown that a direct comparison can be drawn between the protein separation by SE-HPLC on the one hand and by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis on the other hand. As an example the separation of the delta-subunit of the acetylcholine receptor was shown under reducing and nonreducing conditions. PMID- 6528981 TI - Serum indole-3-acetic acid in control subjects and newly abstinent alcoholics after an oral loading with L-tryptophan: a preliminary study using liquid chromatography with amperometric detection. AB - Described in this paper is a rapid, isocratic assay for serum indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). The sample preparation involves only protein precipitation using sulfosalicylic acid, and the sensitivity of amperometric detection is in the picogram range. The chromatographic analysis time is approximately 4 min. The devised method was used for a longitudinal study of IAA levels in serum samples from control subjects and newly abstinent alcoholics. Dietary variations were eliminated by administering a 2.0-g loading dose of L-Trp to all subjects investigated. The results are presented in the form of cumulative frequency polygons. Preliminary data indicate no differences in IAA levels between newly abstinent alcoholics and control subjects. PMID- 6528982 TI - Direct determination of uracil in [32P,uracil-3H]poly(dA.dT) and bisulfite treated phage PM2 DNA. AB - A simple but effective technique for determining the presence of uracil existing as either A:U base pairs or G:U base pairs in DNA was developed. DNA is degraded to deoxynucleoside 3'-monophosphates by a combination of micrococcal nuclease and spleen phosphodiesterase. The monophosphates are converted to 5'-end-labeled 32P labeled diphosphates in a reaction catalyzed by T4 polynucleotide kinase. The resultant product is then converted to 5'-end-labeled deoxynucleoside monophosphates by P1 nuclease digestion, which specifically removes 3' phosphates. Successful separation of labeled dUMP from conventional bases in DNA is achieved by two-dimensional polyethyleneimine chromatography, with its detection determined by autoradiography and liquid scintillation counting. The sensitivity of the technique described can detect a minimum 1 X 10(-16) mol of dUMP in DNA. Additionally, the detection of 5-methylcytosine in placental DNA demonstrates the flexibility of the technique for the analysis of modified bases in DNA. PMID- 6528983 TI - Determination of phosphoethanolamine in urine or in the presence of high taurine concentrations. AB - Phosphoethanolamine forms a low-solubility lead salt, which may be precipitated from urine together with inorganic phosphate, thus separating taurine, urea, and other interfering substances of chromatographic determination. Fluorometric detection of phosphoethanolamine with o-phthaldialdehyde after elution from a Dowex 50-X10 column enhances the specificity of the method once more. The method described is fast and easy to perform. PMID- 6528984 TI - An economic volt-hour integrator, compatible with commercial and homemade electrophoresis power supplies. AB - In isoelectric focusing systems--a technique widely used for separation and characterization of proteins--the value of the volt-hour integral required to achieve steady-state focusing conditions differs markedly for different proteins. A convenient method to measure the correct volt-hour integral for a given protein, thereby assuring intra- and interlaboratory reproducibility of experiments, can be performed with a volt-hour integrator. As commercially available integrators are compatible only with the power supply marketed by the same manufacturer, a volt-hour integrator was designed which can be used in conjunction with any commercial or homemade power supply. This simple, low-cost integrator is expected to be of interest to those researchers who have so far refrained from introducing volt-hour integration, due to incompatibility of commercial volt-hour integrators with their isoelectric focusing system. PMID- 6528985 TI - A 32P postlabeling assay for determining the incorporation of bromodeoxyuridine into cellular DNA. AB - Randerath's procedure for 32P postlabeling of 3'-monophosphate deoxyribonucleotides from digests of cellular DNA has been modified. 3' Monophosphate deoxyribonucleotides are converted to 3',5'-bis[32P]phosphate deoxyribonucleotides with polynucleotide kinase and [32P]ATP; these products are enzymatically converted by P1 nuclease and polynucleotide kinase into 5' [32P]monophosphate deoxyribonucleotides, which are separated from [32P]ATP on an anion-exchange column eluted with 0.1 M NaH2PO4, pH 6.5. Labeled mononucleotides in the effluent are separated by high-performance liquid chromatography. Values for the base composition of calf thymus DNA determined with this modified assay compare very favorably with reported values. The assay was used to measure the level of incorporation of the clinically useful agent bromodeoxyuridine into the DNA of 9L rat brain tumor cells. The modified assay appears to be a very accurate method for the determination of levels of base analogs incorporated into DNA. PMID- 6528986 TI - A radioenzymatic assay for plasma adenosine. AB - A method for analysis of plasma adenosine which combines the principles of radioisotope dilution and enzymatic catalysis is presented. Plasma from venous heparinized blood containing the adenosine deaminase inhibitor 2'-deoxycoformycin is mixed with a small amount of [3H]adenosine and extracted with perchloric acid. Using highly purified enzyme and [gamma-32P]GTP as the phosphate donor, the neutralized extract then serves as substrate for adenosine kinase, and the AMP product is purified by high-performance liquid chromatography. Adenosine concentrations in plasma are linearly proportional to 32P/3H ratios in the enzymatically synthesized AMP and are calculated from a standard curve. The advantages of the method are: ease of sample preparation; sensitivity of 20 nM in as little as 0.3 ml plasma; 20 samples per day can be analyzed by a single operator. Care must be used when obtaining plasma since cellular contamination will affect results. Using this assay, human plasma adenosine levels are 0.121 +/ 0.054 microM for males and 0.101 +/- 0.067 microM for females. PMID- 6528987 TI - Rapid precision interferometry for the analytical ultracentrifuge. III. Determination of period of rotation, frequency of rotation, and elapsed time. AB - The approaches presented in this series of papers make possible rapid gathering, reduction, and analysis of data from the Rayleigh interference optical system of an analytical ultracentrifuge. Instrumentation described in this paper provides some of the timing and measurement circuits necessary for a microprocessor or minicomputer to determine the rotor frequency, rotor period, and elapsed time of an experiment. It includes simple but effective circuits to generate precise rotor timing pulses that are useful for synchronization of pulsed light sources. Circuits to control photographic operations in the ultracentrifuge are described briefly. All of these circuits are interfaced to a simple microcomputer address/data bus. An adapter between this bus and a Q-bus (for a DEC LSI-11/2 or LSI 11/23 microcomputer) is also described. The circuits presented have been used in this laboratory over a 3-year period. They have proven reliable and form an integral part of the real-time data acquisition systems that have been constructed. PMID- 6528988 TI - Postmortem changes of uric acid in various rat tissues: determination of uric acid by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. AB - As a function of time after decapitation, postmortem changes of uric acid in various rat tissues have been studied by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. The chromatographic examination revealed that uric acid in rat tissues such as brain, liver, musculus rectus abdominis, and femoral muscle tends to increase after decapitation as a function of time between the sacrifice and homogenization in a 2.0% metaphosphoric acid solution. PMID- 6528989 TI - Determination of sorbitol and galactitol at the nanogram level in biological samples by high-performance liquid chromatography. AB - Aldose reductase is an enzyme that plays an important role in diabetic complications such as cataract and neuropathy. The best way to estimate the enzymatic activity of this enzyme in vivo consists of measuring the accumulation of sorbitol or galactitol in various types of cells or tissues. A sensitive method to measure the polyols in biological samples by high-performance liquid chromatography has been developed. This method is based on the fact that polyols like sorbitol and galactitol react with phenylisocyanate to yield uv-absorbing derivatives at 240 nm. Applications to the separation and determination of polyols in biological samples of various origins, such as lenses, sciatic nerves, human skin fibroblasts, and red cells, are described and illustrated. PMID- 6528990 TI - A rapid preparative method for isolation of neutral and acidic glycosphingolipids by radial thin-layer chromatography. AB - An efficient method to separate neutral and acidic glycosphingolipids (GSLs) from their mixtures within a short period (45-60 min) and with low consumption of solvents (chloroform-methanol-water, 60/35/8 (v/v/v); 250-500 ml) has been developed. This method utilizes a centrifugal thin-layer chromatograph (Chromatotron) and the GSL mixtures (30-400 mg) are applied to glass plates coated with a 1-mm layer of silica gel 60 PF-254. The method (radial thin-layer chromatography) is rapid and simple and the recovery of glycosphingolipids is high (70-80%). PMID- 6528991 TI - Simultaneous determination of [2-15N]- and [5-15N]glutamine with gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy: applications to nitrogen metabolic studies. AB - A gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric method for analysis of L-[2-15N]- and L [5-15N]glutamine is described. The method is based on direct acylation of glutamine with trifluoroacetic anhydride and the formation of the N,N-bis trifluoroacetyl-L-glutamine derivative. This simple and sensitive method is capable of detecting approximately 0.5 atom% excess 15N in as little as 10 microliter of plasma with a mean coefficient of variance of 11.6%. The method was applied to determine the appearance of 15N enrichment in plasma amino-N and amide N of glutamine in a healthy adult volunteer during a constant infusion of 15NH4Cl. A plateau level of 3.7 and 2.6 atom% excess was observed in amide-N and amino-N, respectively, at 1 and 2 h after 15NH4Cl infusion was started. PMID- 6528992 TI - Photometric and fluorometric continuous kinetic assay of acid phosphatases with new substrates possessing longwave absorption and emission maxima. AB - A direct and continuous kinetic method for the photometric and fluorometric determination of various acid phosphatases is described. It is based on new coumarin-derived phosphates, which after enzymatic hydrolysis undergo dissociation to form intensely colored and strongly fluorescent phenolate anions. The latter have absorption maxima ranging from 385 to 505 nm, and fluorescence maxima between 470 and 595 nm. The new substrates were compared with respect to their rate of enzymatic hydrolysis, optimum pH, and detection limits of acid phosphatase from potato and wheat germ. Detection limits of 0.001 unit/ml were found by photometry, and as low as 0.00006 unit/ml by fluorometry. The principal advantages of the new substrates over existing ones are longwave absorptions and emissions, large Stokes shifts, and the low pKa values of the corresponding phenols, thus allowing a direct and continuous assay of acid phosphatase even in weakly acidic solutions. PMID- 6528993 TI - Development of an enzyme-based assay for acetaminophen. AB - A new and novel method for determination of serum acetaminophen is described. The assay, which can be completed in less than 5 min, is based on the enzymatic hydrolysis of acetaminophen, with subsequent colorimetric detection of the aminophenol so produced. Various possible means of aminophenol estimation are described; the final reaction conditions have been optimized for maximum sensitivity and assay speed. This assay compares favorably with other available procedures; it requires only small sample volumes; it is rapid, simple, and highly specific for the parent drug; and it requires neither great technical ability nor expensive instrumentation. PMID- 6528994 TI - Protein mapping of two metallothionein-rich cell strains and their parent lines, using high-resolution two-dimensional electrophoresis. AB - A high-resolution two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-D) technique was used to characterize one human and one murine cadmium-resistant substrain and their parental wild-type lines. The substrains are cultured on 100 microM cadmium and contain high levels of the cysteine-rich protein metallothionein (MT). All four cell lines were labeled with [35S]methionine during growth. A remarkable consistency was found in the protein maps of the resistant strains compared to those obtained from their corresponding wild-type lines. Thus, in the maps from the human substrain only two spots were detected which were not found in the parent cells. In the murine substrain, two spots were more abundant and two diminished compared to the parent cells. No distinct spots corresponding to authentic MT were detected in any of the autoradiographs from the cadmium resistant cells. The reason for this was found to be failure of the protein to focus in the first dimension. Purified [35S]cystine-labeled MT appeared as a diffuse labeling over the entire gel, and subsequently as wide horizontal bands in the second dimension. These bands were also clearly visible in the protein maps when MT-rich cells had been labeled with [35S]cysteine. This study shows that the standardized 2-D gel system used in many laboratories cannot be used to screen cell populations for MT. PMID- 6528995 TI - Hazards of power supplies. PMID- 6528996 TI - Liquid chromatographic behavior of ascorbate on amine columns. AB - Quantitation of ascorbate at concentrations normally found in biological samples and foods has previously been shown to be possible by HPLC analysis. Prefilled amine columns from three manufacturers were presently used to evaluate their potential for separating low concentrations of [14C]ascorbic acid from its degradation products, [14C]dehydroascorbic acid and [14C]diketogulonic acid. A successful separation was achieved on some columns with as little as 200 cpm (30 pmol) of total ascorbate injected. On other columns, injection of 30-500 pmol of ascorbate resulted in as much as 80% of [14C]ascorbic acid eluting with an unpredictable retention time. In these instances the inclusion of nonlabeled ascorbic acid (0.5 mg/ml) to the sample resulted in most of the [14C]ascorbic acid activity eluting at the expected retention time of ascorbic acid. The inclusion of ascorbic acid in samples injected onto the column also resulted in a more discrete peak in the elution of dehydroascorbic acid, and more complete recovery of the total [14C]activity (ascorbic acid, dehydroascorbic acid, and diketogulonic acid) injected onto the column. PMID- 6528997 TI - An enzymatic assay for activity of lipoprotein lipase. AB - An enzymatic method for the determination of the amount of free fatty acids released from triglyceride by lipoprotein lipase is described. The quantity of free fatty acids present in media before and after incubation is measured spectrophotometrically by the oxidation of NADH in the final reaction of a series of coupled enzymatic reactions. This assay for lipoprotein lipase is unlike previously described assays in that radioactive substrates or titration procedures are not used in the free fatty acid determination. In addition, another method for assay of lipoprotein lipase activity that involves the separation of free fatty acids from triglycerides by adsorption chromatography with Florisil as a stationary phase is described. PMID- 6528998 TI - Determination of tryptophan as the reduced derivative by acid hydrolysis and chromatography. AB - A new procedure for the analyses of tryptophan and the total amino acid composition of proteins was based on the observations that pyridine borane reduces tryptophan in trifluoroacetic acid, while other amino acids remain intact [M. Kurata, Y. Kikugawa, T. Kuwae, I. Koyama, and T. Takagi (1980) Chem. Pharm. Bull. 28, 2274-2275; W.S.D. Wong, D.T. Osuga, and R.E. Feeney (1984) Anal. Biochem. 139, 58-67]. Concentrated HCl was used instead of trifluoroacetic acid for analytical purposes. The products were stable to hydrolysis in 6 N HCl, and the reduction did not interfere with hydrolysis and subsequent analyses. Quantitative recovery was achieved with most proteins when they were subjected to acid reduction in ice-cooled concentrated HCl with two incremental additions of pyridine borane. The reaction was terminated after 10 min by dilution with an equal volume of H2O, vacuum sealing, and hydrolyzing at 110 degrees C for 22 h. The yields of the expected values for cytochrome c, catalase, bovine serum albumin, subtilisin BPN', trypsin, chymotrypsin, beta-lactoglobulin, lysozyme, and pepsin were obtained. Ovotransferrin and ovalbumin, however, yielded values for tryptophan lower than literature values. With two different ion-exchange methods, the recoveries of all other amino acids were comparable to those obtained by acid hydrolysis with 6 N HCl. Since the same hydrolysate can be analyzed for both tryptophan and all the other amino acids, the procedure is a more convenient method than those requiring separate determinations. Initial results indicate that the method may be applied to high-performance liquid chromatographic procedures with adaptations of the protocols if necessary. PMID- 6529000 TI - Rapid precision interferometry for the analytical ultracentrifuge. II. A laser controller based on a rate-multiplying circuit. AB - A laser controller that uses a fixed frequency clock and a digital rate multiplying circuit to synchronize the triggering of a pulsed laser to the spinning of an analytical ultracentrifuge rotor has been designed. The circuit is simple, inexpensive, and virtually free of any adjustments. It tracks rotors undergoing full acceleration or deceleration. At constant rotor speed it provides triggering that is accurate and reproducible to better than 0.5 microseconds. The settings of this controller are independent of rotor speed over the full range of the ultracentrifuge. PMID- 6528999 TI - Triple-column ion-exchange physiological amino acid analysis with fluorescent detection: baseline characterization of human cerebrospinal fluid. AB - A highly resolving triple-column amino acid analyzer with fluorometric detection is described. The reliability of this technique was evaluated and it was used in a baseline investigation of amino acids and related compounds in human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The procedure employs three distinct ion-exchange columns to elute the acidic, neutral, and basic amino acids, respectively. Each column is run isocratically with lithium citrate buffers designed to provide overlapping elution profiles. Studies using CSF collected under strictly controlled conditions documented nanomolar concentrations of aspartate, gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA), beta-alanine, 1-methylhistidine, and 3-methylhistidine, as well as low levels of glutamate, methyllysine, and ammonia. In addition, other common amino acids were also quantified. Chromatograms of CSF from all three systems (acidic, neutral, and basic) exhibited numerous uncharacterized compounds emphasizing the resolution and sensitivity of the analytical procedure. In vitro stability studies revealed that levels of aspartate, glutamate, GABA, homocarnosine, and ammonia are subject to significant change when CSF is maintained at room temperature for various periods of time up to 24 h. It is concluded that the valid and accurate measurement of CSF amino compounds, especially the neurotransmitter amino acids, requires a highly specific and sensitive assay procedure as well as strict control of CSF manipulation in vitro. PMID- 6529001 TI - High-sensitivity extraction-spectrophotometric determination of iron with 3-(2 pyridyl)-5,6-diphenyl-1,2,4-triazine and tetrabromophenolphthalein ethyl ester. PMID- 6529002 TI - Spectrophotometric determination of some corticosteroid drugs through charge transfer complexation. PMID- 6529003 TI - Spectrophotometric determination of chlordiazepoxide and diazepam using orthogonal polynomials. PMID- 6529004 TI - Reagent system for the spectrophotometric determination of methanol in environmental and biological samples. PMID- 6529006 TI - Development of an assay method for cyanide, alpha-aminonitriles and alpha hydroxynitriles for the study of the biological hydrolysis of these compounds. PMID- 6529005 TI - Spectrofluorimetric micro-determination of imidazoline derivatives using 1 dimethylaminonaphthalene-5-sulphonyl chloride. PMID- 6529007 TI - Atomic-absorption spectrometric, neutron-activation and radioanalytical techniques for the determination of trace metals in environmental, biochemical and toxicological research. Part I. Vanadium. PMID- 6529008 TI - Determination of copper and zinc in serum and urine by use of a slotted quartz tube and flame atomic-absorption spectrometry. PMID- 6529009 TI - New approach to the simultaneous determination of pollutants in waste waters by flow injection analysis. Part I. Anionic pollutants. PMID- 6529010 TI - Spectrophotometric determination of piperazine with chloranil. PMID- 6529011 TI - Retinal fine structure in the European eel Anguilla anguilla. III. Pigment epithelium of the yellow eel stage. AB - The catadromous migrations of the European eel (Anguilla anguilla) are accompanied by a number of morphological and biochemical alterations within the visual system. This report describes the morphology of the retinal pigment epithelium, choriocapillaris and Bruch's membrane of the yellow eel and forms the third in a series describing the morphological changes in the retina of the eel during its life cycle. The retinal epithelium of the yellow eel stage consists of a single layer of cuboidal cells joined laterally by tight junctions. Apically, numerous processes enclose photoreceptor cells while basally and laterally the cell borders are relatively smooth. Internally the epithelial cells display abundant smooth endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, melanosomes, phagosomes and myeloid bodies. Rough endoplasmic reticulum, polysomes and Golgi zones are present but not plentiful. The nucleus is pleiomorphic and basally located. Bruch's membrane (complexus basalis) is trilaminate. The choriocapillaris is typically fenestrated facing the retina. A stratum argenteum is present in the outer choroid and wandering phagocytes are noted at the retinal epithelium photoreceptor interface. PMID- 6529012 TI - Presence and functional significance of sulphates in the submandibular glands of growing rabbits. AB - A heteropolysaccharide formed by hexoses, hexosamines, fucose, sialic acid, uronic acids and sulphates was isolated from submandibular glands of rabbits during postnatal development. The presence of sulphates in the submandibular glands of growing animals and their absence in the submandibular glands of adult animals is rather difficult to explain. This biochemical investigation and preliminary results obtained by light and electron microscopy on the sublingual gland seem to suggest a substitutive role of the submandibular gland during the neonatal period. PMID- 6529013 TI - On the role of the lymphoid follicle-associated areas in the organization of the bursal follicle in the cloacal bursa in birds. AB - The present paper contains data on the morphological modifications present in chicks which, after treatment with testosterone lasting 10 days (from the seventh to the seventeenth days after hatching), were killed on the 30th, 35th, 40th, 50th and 70th day of life; this interval of time might theoretically have allowed a gradual re-establishment of the bursal architecture. Examination of the bursae of Fabricus of the animals treated showed greatly varying pictures. The 2 main types of behaviour were the following: the histological pattern of certain bursae had been completely restored to normal. Others did not act in the same way but wide areas of their plicae proved to be devoid of lymphoid tissue and well-formed lymphoid follicles were observed only in certain places. These 2 kinds of behaviour, and particularly what we observed in the second case, might suggest that, since the lymphoid follicle-associated epithelial cells are the last to disappear after treatment with testosterone propionate and the follicles are restored only where these cells remain, the lymphoid follicle-associated epithelial cells may be considered to be responsible for the re-establishment of the bursal follicle. PMID- 6529014 TI - Ultrastructural and morphometric study on fat cells of the so called subcutaneous "fascia areolaris" and "fascia lamelaris" in the human inguinal region. AB - The fat cells of the so called fascia areolaris and fascia lamelaris (Velpeau 1834; Sterzi 1910) of men and women (aged from 20 to 35 years) were ultrastructural and morphometrically (cell volume) studied. No noteworthy submicroscopic difference was observed between fascias. The cell volumes obtained from planimetric measures showed the following values: 3.770 X 10(5) microns and 2.497 X 10(5) microns in the fascia aerolaris and lamelaris of men, respectively. For the women the values were: 7.222 X 10(5) microns and 5.025 X 10(5) microns (Fig. 3). The analysis of variance shows significant differences between the sexes and between fascia areolaris and lamelaris. The difference between the fascias supports the Sterzi's (1910) description on the tela subcutanea as being formed by those two distinct layers. PMID- 6529015 TI - [The quadrate pronator muscle--a morphological and functional analysis]. AB - Based upon the findings of dissections and of histological investigations, the m. pronator quadratus was found to be composed of 2 heads. In the majority of the cases an oblique superficial head entirely covered a deep head, whose fasciculi were oblique from the ulnar origin to the distal volar surface of the radius. The fibers of both heads were arranged obliquely to the axis of rotation. From this both heads by contraction will develop a rotatory and a shunt force, the shunt components acting antagonistically. The superficial head is the rotator for pronation, whereas the deep head is well located for maintenance of transverse forces at the distal radioulnar joint. Moreover, the two heads insert into the capsule of the articulatio radioulnaris distalis. PMID- 6529016 TI - Accessory thoracodorsal artery. AB - A case of an accessory thoracodorsal artery is described. The vessel arose from the first part of the axillary artery just distal to the origin of the lateral thoracic artery. A regular thoracodorsal artery was present as a terminal branch of the subscapular artery. Pertinent literature on the thoracodorsal artery is reviewed. PMID- 6529017 TI - [Malformation of the corpus callosum cerebri]. PMID- 6529018 TI - Histology of the ferret retina. AB - The retina of the adult ferret, Mustelo furo, was studied with light and transmission electron microscopy to provide an anatomical basis for use of the ferret as a model for retinal research. The pigment epithelium is a simple cuboidal layer of cells characterized by a zone of basal folds, apical microvilli, and pigment granules at various stages of maturation. The distinction between rod and cone photoreceptor cells is based on their location, morphology, heterochromatin pattern and the electron density of their inner segments. The round, light-staining cone cell nuclei occupy the layer of perikarya along the apical border of the outer nuclear layer. The remainder of the outer nuclear layer consists of oblong, deeply-stained rod cell nuclei. Ribbon type synaptic complexes involving photoreceptor cell axons, horizontal cell processes, and bipolar cell dendrites characterize the outer plexiform layer. The inner nuclear layer is comprised of horizontal, bipolar, and amacrine cell perikarya as well as the perikarya of the Muller cells. The light-staining horizontal cell nuclei are prominent along the apical border of the inner nuclear layer. The light-staining amacrine cell nuclei form a more or less continuous layer along the basal border of the inner nuclear layer. Both conventional and ribbon-type synapses characterize the inner plexiform layer. The ganglion cells form a single cell layer. The optic fiber layer contains bundles of axons surrounded by Muller cell processes. Small blood vessels and capillaries are present in the basal portion of the retina throughout the region extending from the internal limiting membrane to the outer plexiform layer. The adult one-year-old retina is compared with the retina at the time of eye opening. PMID- 6529019 TI - [Histomorphological findings in the ascending aorta and inferior vena cava following implantation of ultrasonic Doppler flow transducers and pressure transducers in long-term experiments with rabbits and cats]. AB - We investigated the histological changes of the vessel walls of the carotis dextra, the aorta ascendens and the vena cava inferior following implantation of flow- and pressuretransducers of 17 rabbits and 4 cats. Following correct adaptation of the vessel volumen the implantates were all well tolerated over a prolonged period (up to 58 weeks) and encapsulated by connective tissue. The histological processes are descripted in detail and lesions produced by ultrasound are shown. PMID- 6529020 TI - Influence of age on position, shape and size of the carotid bodies in spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) and normotensive (NCR) rats. AB - In normotensive Wistar rats (NCR) and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) aging 3-6 d and 5-6, 15-20, 30-40 and 50-70 weeks respectively, position, shape and size of the carotid bodies were studied using ligh-microscopic methods. The anatomical position of the carotid bodies in the SHR was found to be less variable than in the NCR. In the hypertensive animals the glomera carotici were usually situated near the internal carotid artery. The carotid bodies of the NCR were of a more round-oval shape. In all age-groups the carotid bodies were compact and clearly demarked corpuscules. But also outside the principal mass of the glomera carotici small groups of type I cells were found in the surrounding nervous tissue or they appeared as miniglomera or periadventitial type I cells, respectively. These small groups of type I cells were predominantly provable in the 5-6 weeks old animals and more frequently in the NCR than in the SHR. The absolute carotid body volumes increased from birth up to an age of 30-40 weeks, whereas the relative carotid body volume, i.e. when related to the same body mass, became much smaller from birth up to an age of 15-20 weeks in both the normotensive and hypertensive animals. Except for the 5-6 weeks old group the SHR showed significantly greater carotid bodies when compared with the age-matched normotensive rats. In the course of aging in both strains of animals a stronger and more clearly developed interstitial fibrosis of the specific tissue of the carotid bodies occurred. PMID- 6529021 TI - Morphological and morphometrical study of the kidney of the male tropical lizard Tropidurus torquatus. AB - A morphological and morphometrical study of the adult male Tropidurus torquatus kidney was undertaken. The nephron is composed of the following segments: renal corpuscle, neck segment, proximal convoluted tubule, intermediate segment, and distal tubule. The nephron is continued into the collecting duct and sexual segment. A large number of ciliated cells in the intermediate segment, the presence of 2 kinds of cells in the collecting ducts and a well developed permanently retained sexual segment were recorded as special features of this organ. The components of the renal parenchyma had the following relative volumes: proximal convoluted tubule = 56.4%, intermediate segment = 5.1%, distal tubule = 13.0%, collecting duct = 5.2%, and sexual segment = 11.6%. PMID- 6529022 TI - Morpho-functional status of the kidney after a disturbance of lymph drainage. AB - The size of the renal body in convoluted parts of proximal and distal nephrons has been studied in normal dogs and after section and ligation of the efferent lymphatic vessels in 4 series of experiments (167 dogs). Observations have been made 12 h, 3 and 10-160 d after the operation. Histological, histochemical and morphometric methods have been applied; the level of residual nitrogen has been estimated. In early days of the experiment, the disturbance in lymph drainage has been found to result in edema and albuminous saturation of the connective tissue stroma, granular distrophy of epithelium in the convoluted tubules of the kidney. After 40-160 d of the experiment, diffuse sclerosis of the connective tissue stroma of the medullar substance and of pyramids develops. Alterations and disorders in the organ's function on nitrogen discharge are especially pronounced when lymph drainage is disturbed in one kidney, and the other kidney is removed. In such a case, the processes of compensatory hypertrophy are delayed. Morpho functional alterations are less pronounced after lymph drainage disorders in the compensatory hypertrophic kidney. PMID- 6529023 TI - Histology of the chorioallantoic placenta of the golden-rumped elephant shrew (Rhynchocyon chrysopygus Gunther, 1881). AB - The chorioallantoic placenta of the golden-rumped elephant shrew, Rhynchocyon chrysopygus has been studied. The implantation is eccentric and mesometrial. The placenta is haemochorial and is divisible into 4 zones namely columnar, proliferative, spongy and basal trophoblastic zones. The proliferative zone, which is peculiar to the Macroscelididae, is present in the early and mid pregnancy but disappears in later stages. The presence of the basal trophoblastic zone, the absence of a true zone of degeneration, the absence of the "mesoplacentarium" (of Starck 1949) and the structure of the wall of the allantoic vessels differentiate Rhynchocyon from other elephant shrews that have been studied. The presence of large cells in the maternal blood spaces and in the lumen of decidual vessels is also reported but the fate of such cells is not yet known. PMID- 6529024 TI - [Spanish Annals of Pediatrics. Review of research or information?]. PMID- 6529025 TI - [Benign myoclonus of early childhood]. AB - In 1976/77 we presented a group of small infants starting between four and nine months of age with repeated jerks of head and arms. They showed no neurological abnormalities and several EEGs in each case were normal. The term "benign myoclonus of early infancy" was proposed. Differential diagnosis are discussed in this paper, as a larger personal series of 18 children with a follow-up during four to sixteen years is analyzed. Special emphasis is given to good prognosis of "benign myoclonus of early infancy" and the differences with cryptogenetic cases of West syndrome. PMID- 6529026 TI - [Xylose test. Anatomoclinical correlations]. AB - We present a research work on the diagnosis of the malabsorption syndrome in childhood. The study is based on two diagnostic tests which are: the xylose test and the histological examination of intestinal mucosa. We have tried to assess the usefulness of the determination of the blood xylose after an extra oral load of xylose, comparing the results with the morphological findings in the intestinal mucosa, making a correlation between both, in order to discern the contribution of this examination to the diagnosis of the malabsorption syndrome in childhood. We come to the following conclusions: The determination of the blood xylose after an extra oral load with a single dose is a useful test in the diagnosis of malabsorption syndromes in childhood, and gives us facts about the status of the intestinal mucosa. The abnormality of the results of this test is an important indication for an intestinal biopsy. The xylose test cannot replace the intestinal biopsy. PMID- 6529027 TI - [Comparative study of the effect of a single oral dose of theophylline and etamiphyllin in children with asthma]. AB - Twenty-seven asymptomatic asthmatic children with airway obstruction received a single oral dose of one out of three solutions, in a double-blind, randomized fashion, containing: etamiphylline, 6.9 mg/kg; theophylline, 6.9 mg/kg, and placebo. There were no differences in basal pulmonary function testing among the three groups. It was observed a greater rise of FEV1, one hour after theophylline compared with etamiphylline and placebo; and of FEV1 PEF and MMEF two and four hours after theophylline compared with etamiphylline and placebo. No significant differences were observed between etamiphylline and placebo. Four hours after the start of the study a 4 mg dose of nebulized salbutamol caused a greater rise of FEV1 PEF and MMEF in those children who had previously received etamiphylline and placebo compared with theophylline. Etamiphylline seems to be a rather weaker bronchodilator than theophylline when administered orally. Theophylline remains the only xanthine useful for the treatment of asthma for the time being. PMID- 6529028 TI - [Exercise-induced bronchospasm in asymptomatic asthmatic children. Incidence and characterization of the response in comparison with normal children]. AB - Four-hundred and eighty five asthmatic children and twenty-nine controls underwent exercise challenge consenting of running up and down a flight of stairs over five to eight minutes. An exercise-induced bronchospasm was considered to occur if the FEV1 fell over 15% or the MMEF 25%-75% over 25% from the pre exercise values. There was an incidence of 38.5% positive responses in asthmatics and none was observed in controls. The peak fall of both flow indexes occurred at five minutes post-exercise. The MMEF 25%-75% was more sensitive in the detection of the EIB. It was noticed a seasonal variation in the incidence of the EIB. PMID- 6529029 TI - [Comparative course of pneumonia with suppuration]. AB - Certain clinical, biochemical, bacteriologic and radiographic parameters are compared, as well as the evolution and treatment of two groups of purulent pneumonias followed during the two trienniums 1968-1970 and 1980-1982. In the more recent triennium stands on the decrease in the incidence of this type of pneumoniae as well as a shorter hospital admittance and a lesser need for surgical therapy. PMID- 6529030 TI - [Pediculus humanus capitis: a municipal antiparasite campaign among school children]. AB - The results of a prevalence survey of lice and a control program in the primary schools of a city in the Barcelona metropolitan area (Spain) are presented. Crude prevalence was 6.10%, standard deviation 2.66. In another survey three months later, prevalence was 1.92%. Differences among school grades had fallen. Higher infestation levels were found between third and sixth grades. PMID- 6529031 TI - [Acrodermatitis enteropathica: disparity between clinical features and zinc blood levels]. AB - A new case of acrodermatitis enteropathica in a 2.5 month old infant is presented. Oral administration of zinc sulfate (10 mg/kg/day) improved in a few days clinical and analytical pattern. In 1.5 months treatment was forsaken, reappearing after 22 days digestive and cutaneous symptoms. Serum zinc was then rather high (175 mcg/dl). Disparity between serum zinc and clinical features, suggest that in acrodermatitis enteropathica there is a lack in transport, not only in the enterocyte, but also in other cells of the body. Discerning dose and treatment duration must be assessed by clinical response rather than zinc serum level. PMID- 6529032 TI - [Hypertonic dehydration with breast feeding]. PMID- 6529033 TI - [Bilateral anorchia in 2 brothers]. PMID- 6529034 TI - [Multilocular cyst of the kidney]. PMID- 6529035 TI - [Ebstein's anomaly. Prenatal diagnosis with bidimensional echocardiography]. AB - The authors comment on the signs found in utero in a case of Ebstein anomaly, by obstetrics and cross-sectional ultrasonography. They emphasize the possibilities and interest of these techniques in other prenatal diagnostic problems. PMID- 6529036 TI - [Partial splenic embolization in hypersplenism]. AB - Partial splenic embolization is a new procedure in the treatment of hypersplenism in infancy. We have used embolization of the spleen as an alternative to splenectomy in a patient with critical hypersplenism. The patient was a 6 year old girl with portal hypertension. The white blood cell and platelet count returned to normal 24 hours after embolization and tre frequency of bleeding episodes was reduced. There were no splenic abscesses and no other significant complications of the treatment. PMID- 6529037 TI - [Nutritional value of various infant dietetic preparations]. AB - Five types of commercial bottle feeds for babies have been investigated against five other experimentally made by ourselves that were equivalent to a domestic preparation. We found that all biological index of protein quality were higher in our experimental lots, and the same happened with chemical index, with the exception of chemical score of the variety "Sole with potato". On the other hand it was proved that fat digestibility was good in any case, although the incidence on that index of both manufacturing processes was not clear. The results could be attributed once left out high sterilization influence, to two sets of factors that arise a two levels: a) Quality of initial protein source upon which operate subjective factors such as selection and cleanliness of original ingredients, and b) Manufacturing conditions. PMID- 6529038 TI - [Precocious pseudopuberty secondary to granulosa cell tumor]. AB - A case report of pseudoprecocity secondary to a unilateral ovarian tumor of granulosa cells is presented in a 13 month old female. Clinical manifestations appeared at two months of age as unilateral enlargement of the breast, development of pubic hair and vaginal discharge. Plasma estrogen levels were elevated, whereas there was no response of FSH and LH to LH-RH stimulation. The absence of a palpable abdominal mass and a normal ultrasound examination of the abdomen must be pointed out in our case. The suspected clinical and laboratory diagnosis was later confirmed by surgical abdominal examination and ovarian histopathology study. With the exception of a minimal breast enlargement which persists at two years of age, all other signs of pseudoprecocity have disappeared after the surgical removal of the neoplasm. The importance of surgical abdominal examination must be pointed out as a diagnostic method when clinical and laboratory findings suggest an ovarian tumor inspite of normal abdominal palpation, ultrasound and roentgenology. PMID- 6529039 TI - [Diabetes and hypothyroidism]. AB - A 7 1/2 year old girl, diagnosed as having insulin dependent diabetes "mellitus" and while receiving treatment, a clinical and analytical hypothyroidism was detected. She was found to have a level of antimicrosomal antibodies of 1/102,400. Discovery of microsomal antibodies in insulin dependent diabetic children is frequently mentioned in medical literature, whereas in 25 diabetics at this Centre these findings proved to be negative. Clinical association of both these illnesses is not common. PMID- 6529040 TI - [Nemaline myopathy: apropos of a case]. AB - Authors present a girl without familiar antecedents of consanguinity with mild motor deficiency, hypotonicity and obesity during infancy, with progressive posterior healing. The girl did not present Marfan's habit or special phenotype, and had small hypertrophy of calfs. There was not recurrent respiratory infections. EMG was myopathic and muscle dependent seric enzymes (CPK, ALD, LDH...) were normal. Radiographically films showed increased relationship fat muscle and pathology by MO and ME confirmed the presence of small sticks in muscle fibers. After evaluating the case as a neomutation, the genetic counseling is made. PMID- 6529041 TI - [Craniosynostoses: importance of the measurement of intracranial pressure and the application of J Jane's surgical technic]. AB - We report the studies, treatment and follow-up of two children with the diagnosis of craniosynostosis for early closure of sagittal and coronal sutures. We paid special attention to the intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring. Prognosis of the mental functions (Gessell's test) is related with findings of ICP and surgical treatment. We have performed as neurosurgical approach, a modification of the Jane's technic. The advantages of this technic and our results are discussed. PMID- 6529042 TI - [Idiopathic varicocele in children]. AB - The authors present their experience with ten children operated on for left-sided idiopathic varicocele over a period of seven years. The treatment was high ligature of the spermatic vein with a favorable outcome in all cases. The histology of the testes, seen in biopsy, demonstrated a variable degree of damage. For this reason the authors recommend that this operation should be done in childhood in order to avoid problems of subfertility or infertility in adult life. PMID- 6529043 TI - [Segmental dilatation of the ileum]. AB - Three cases of segmental dilatation of ileum surgically are presented. Authors have reviewed medical literature since the first case reported in 1959, and have been able to collect 33 cases. Although it is considered an identical entity involving either colon or small bowel, clinical picture and age of presentation are different. Cases involving the colon have a clinical picture very similar to that of Hirschsprung's disease, usually appearing in the lactancy or later on. Cases involving ileum or jejunum usually are manifested as a neonatal bowel obstruction. Pathological examination shows a bowel wall with all his layers as well as a normal ganglion cells. Surgical resection of dilated intestinal segment is curative. PMID- 6529044 TI - [Continuous splenogonadal fusion]. PMID- 6529045 TI - [Intestinal polyp of infrequent localization: presentation of 2 cases]. AB - Although intestinal polyposis it is quite a frequently clinical picture, there are some cases that deserve an special comment. The first infant was 50 days old and had an hamartomatous polyp implanted in jejunum. The second case was a five years old girl with a juvenile polyp implanted in the appendix's base. Authors describe clinical presentation, symtomatology and diagnostic steps taken in these patients with special emphasis in pathological study. Both were surgically treated and with satisfactory results. PMID- 6529046 TI - [A case of gelastic epilepsy in a child (epileptic crisis with affective semiology of laughing)]. PMID- 6529047 TI - [Femoral hypoplasia-unusual facies syndrome]. PMID- 6529048 TI - Analysis of number, size and distribution patterns of lipid vacuoles in benign and malignant mesothelial cells. AB - A quantitative analysis of the lipid vacuoles in benign hypertrophic and neoplastic mesothelial cells, using a size-independent distribution index, showed that computer-assisted image analysis for distribution patterns of cytoplasmic components can aid in distinguishing benign from malignant cells. Benign mesothelial cells had fewer lipid vacuoles, which were smaller and predominantly found around the nuclei. It is argued that, due to the high surface tension in the lipid vacuoles, the largest vacuoles are found in the center of the cells, which is the least flattened part of the air-dried mesothelial cells. It seems likely that the distribution pattern of rigid substructures, such as lipid vacuoles, varies between histologic and cytologic material as well as between cells processed by different cytologic methods with various cell-flattening artifacts. The study of the distribution of cytoplasmic components that differ in size was enhanced by using the defined size-independent distribution index, which incorporates the radius of the cell, the radius of the vacuoles and their respective centers of gravity. PMID- 6529050 TI - Chromatin pattern and DNA content in acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS): indicators of viral infection revealed by DNA image cytometry. PMID- 6529049 TI - Quantitative analysis of heterogeneity of estrogen binding in human breast tumor specimens. AB - A quantitative assessment was made of the heterogeneity of estrogen binding among histologically distinct regions and among nuclei within histologically uniform regions in ten human breast tumors. An autoradiographic method was used that employed sections from fixed tissues and required exposure times of one to two weeks. Grain counting of autoradiograms probably indicated both type I and type II estrogen binding. There were significant decreases in estrogen binding in all specimens after competition with excess diethylstilbestrol, suggesting that a component of binding was specific for estrogen. Significant differences in amount and distribution (nuclear vs cytoplasmic) of estrogen binding were seen not only among tissues with different histologies but also within histologically identical regions of a tissue. In histologically uniform regions, wide ranges of values for nuclear estrogen binding were seen. This method allows for the rapid evaluation of estrogen-binding profiles of tumor specimens and has potential for analyzing the process of neoplastic transformation in mammary epithelia as it affects, or is affected by estrogen binding. PMID- 6529051 TI - Statement from the 1984 Stockholm meeting of the International Commission on Radiological Protection. PMID- 6529052 TI - [Cutaneomucous aspects of scleroderma]. PMID- 6529053 TI - [Sclerodermal microangiopathy: a cause or a consequence?]. AB - Microangiopathy is an essential clinicopathological feature of systemic scleroderma, comprising capillary thinning, thickening of the basement membrane and abnormalities of the endothelium which has an abnormally high uptake of radioactive thymidine. The identification of a circulating cytotoxic factor for endothelial cells suggests that the microangiopathy may play a role in the physiopathogenesis of the disease. In practice, microangiopathy can be fully assessed by capillaroscopy in patients with systemic scleroderma. PMID- 6529054 TI - [Renal involvement in scleroderma]. AB - Renal biopsies were carried out in 29 patients with scleroderma to study the early vascular lesions and their eventual clinical significance. Haemolytic acute renal failure was present in 9 patients. The biopsies showed early vascular lesions on interlobar arteries. The main biological change was proliferative or fibrous endarteritis. Mucoid infiltration was found in 3 biopsies. The arterioles were spared or only slightly affected without major fibrinoid necrosis. These lesions were therefore distinct from those of malignant hypertension. However, at autopsy of 2 of these cases, the vascular lesions were undistinguishable from those of malignant hypertension. The biopsies in 13 out of 14 patients with scleroderma without obvious renal involvement (9 cases) or with moderate proteinuria and/or hypertension without renal failure (5 cases) showed interlobar endarteritis with associated mucoid infiltration in 3 patients. This lesion was isolated but sometimes extensive even in young patients without hypertension. One patient died within one year, of disseminated colonic carcinoma, and 4 of cardio respiratory failure due to scleroderma without hypertension, renal failure or proteinuria. Eight of the 9 remaining patients were traced 6 to 16 years after biopsy. Two were moderately hypertensive but none had renal failure. Cutaneous and internal organ scleroderma had regressed in the majority and proteinuria had disappeared in 3 cases. PMID- 6529055 TI - [Digestive localizations of scleroderma]. AB - Systemic scleroderma involves the gastro-intestinal tract in over 50 p. 100 of cases, the commonest target organs being the oesophagus, the small intestine, the colon and the stomach in that order. The G-I symptoms of this collagenosis are all related to disorder of motility secondary to disturbances of innervation and then to atrophy of the smooth muscle and fibrous infiltration. Oesophageal involvement results in gastro-oesophageal reflux and/or dysphagia due to the lack of tonicity of the lower oesophageal sphincter and a reduction of peristalsis. Disease of the small intestine may cause pseudo-intestinal obstruction or a secondary malabsorption syndrome due to abnormal intraluminal bacterial flora. Colonic involvement causes severe constipation with formation of faecoliths. Finally, scleroderma may be complicated by an acute abdominal syndrome: occlusion due to diffuse reduction in small intestinal motility, peritonitis due to perforation of the small intestine, ileo-colonic infarction, gastro-intestinal haemorrhage complicating telangiectasia. Treatment is purely symptomatic: classical remedies for gastro-oesophageal reflux and its complications, and antibiotics for malabsorption syndromes. PMID- 6529056 TI - [Visceral scleroderma]. AB - Visceral involvement in systemic scleroderma is frequent, the most commonly affected organs being the kidney, the lung, the heart and the gastro-intestinal tract; associating different degrees of sclerosis and vasculitis depending on which organ is involved. However, this is not always clinically obvious, and angiospastic phenomena may be assumed to be responsible for certain ischaemic lesions. The diagnosis is also difficult because some visceral lesions may occur at an early stage and appear to be of primary origin. Extensive investigation, including biopsies to demonstrate small vascular changes then becomes essential. PMID- 6529057 TI - [Long-term development of eosinophilic fasciitis. Study of 11 cases]. AB - The long-term outcome of eosinophilic fasciitis (EF) described for the first time by Shulman in 1974 remains unclear. Its exact pathological classification is still contested. We reviewed 11 cases selected exclusively on their initial symptoms being compatible with EF. The outcome of the cutaneous lesions, the investigations of possible visceral involvement were analysed with a follow-up of 1 to 9.5 years (average 4.8 years). Regression of the cutaneous infiltration was complete in 5 cases and partial in 3 cases. No regression was observed in 3 cases. Steroid therapy was given in 10 patients: objective improvement was observed in 5 patients. There was no improvement in the other 5 cases. Ungual capillaroscopy was performed in 9 patients and showed none of the characteristic capillary changes of scleroderma. These results suggest that the prognosis and outcome of EF justify its distinction from systemic scleroderma. The effects of steroid therapy on the cutaneous lesions are very variable. PMID- 6529058 TI - [Prognosis and treatment of scleroderma]. AB - The prognosis and treatment of scleroderma depend on the clinicopathological form of the disease: superficial, localised scleroderma is only a minor cosmetic problem; circumscribed, deep forms of scleroderma may cause troublesome symptoms which justify steroid therapy. Circumscribed and diffuse scleroderma are similar to systemic scleroderma for which prognostic criteria have been identified. There is a poor prognosis in men, in extensive skin involvement and in intestinal, cardiac or renal involvement. Limited skin disease and anti-centromere antibodies are associated with a good prognosis. The absence of an animal model and the uncertainty as to the underlying cause, explain the therapeutic problems. The authors discuss the respective value of a number of "specific" drugs, including D penicillamine which seems to be the most hopeful line of treatment. Continuous follow-up of this chronic condition remains essential for the diagnosis and symptomatic management of visceral complications. PMID- 6529059 TI - [Classification and pathogenesis of cutaneous paraneoplastic syndromes]. AB - The associations between skin conditions and malignant tumours are reviewed and classified in two groups: indirect associations (predisposing genetic factor or carcinogenic agent), and direct associations with parallel evolutions corresponding to the true paraneoplastic syndromes. Occasional associations are also mentioned. The cutaneous paraneoplastic syndromes can be classified according to their pathogenic mechanisms, although these are mostly hypothetical, allowing those of secretory, immunological, deficient and neurovascular origins to be distinguished. PMID- 6529060 TI - [Paraneoplastic acrokeratosis]. AB - The authors discuss the main features of paraneoplastic acro keratosis, a new cutaneous marker of malignancy. Clinically, the condition begins at the extremities of the limbs and spreads upwards secondarily. The eruption is psoriasis-like squamous erythema of the face, hands and feet. Nail changes are present from the onset. These lesions are always associated with a malignant epithelioma, usually of the spino-cellular type localised in the upper respiratory and digestive tracts. Surgical cure of the primary malignant tumour leads to regression of the skin lesions which reappear in case of relapse. PMID- 6529061 TI - [Proposal for a new descriptive psycho-physiopathological model of schizophrenia]. AB - We present the conclusions of a study of pattern recognition in an intermittent luminous stimulation. This stimulation was stable on the one hand and on the other hand on fixed time basis (S.L.I. pulsations emitted by two flickers) and other associated tests (reaction time, Rorschach Test, etc). We have compared a population of 30 schizophrenics (French classification) and a reference group of 53 adult subjects of both sexes. We have not divided the patients into subclasses according to their symptoms. We have noticed in a significant manner the following signs: great vigilance at the beginning, decreasing very quickly, low attentiveness, a slowness of perception and motion, a weakness in the elaboration of decision processus, certain difficulties in defining the classification of objects, a modified perception of colours, a very feeble distinction of pertinent signals and of noise, an invasion by the internal stimulus, unbalanced compared to "outside", as in sensory deprivation, a great weakness in the processus of habituation and learning, a loss of the redundancy and the constancy of the outside world (or troubles of the internal coherency, as defined by Varela). The closure, the temporal troubles (historical and present) of the integration of signals are sufficient to explain these results. A model explains the deduced hypothesis on two levels: 1) historical: the troubles of habituation and learning prevent the formation of the inner stimulus (or image, representation); 2) present: closure, ambivalence (Godel), troubles of associations, difficulties in detecting what is pertinent, hallucinations (a "delirious" internal stimulus). The specific brain-channels seem to be normal, on the contrary the non-specific channels and the channels of integration seem troubled. The temporal trouble of "present" seems to be located on a precocious precategorical iconic level. This descriptive model does not prejudge the etiology of the disease (bibliography). PMID- 6529062 TI - [Social perception of arterial hypertension from a transcultural perspective]. AB - From ethnological and psychological inquiries, during an ordinary elaboration of methodology (between France and West Africa that took place in Ivory Coast) the author emphasizes the differential value of the terms hypertension or hypotension with a systematic claim of a take of blood pressure in Europe. This uncommon fact in West Africa becomes integrated into the notion of a medical technology and raises the problem of evolution of society (non migration, new forms of alimentation, work and urbanization...). While in France the inquiry is dependent on an image of an hypertensive, his body, his personality, his problems; in Ivory Coast people refer to a body language, the psychosomatic damage including the existential malaise politics, cultural confrontations, stress pathology ... all this with periods of high or low tension internal or external pressures, getting out of the medical act consisting in a take of blood pressure or a particular psychic state testing, the nervous break down or anxiety for example. In a methodological field, the author from different levels of view points (sociological, statistical, ethnological and clinical) is in search of an adapted synthetic formula in anthropology for situations of substitution and social differences. PMID- 6529063 TI - [Models of therapy for the mentally handicapped]. AB - This paper attempts to bring into focus the variety and implications of health care models relating to service delivery for mentally handicapped people. Five separate models are identified, each of which is found to share some common elements and features, although ultimately rooted in dissimilar conceptual and ideological frameworks. A comparison between these models is suggested, together with a brief analysis of their effects, strengths and possible weaknesses. Assumptions which underlie each of the models are presented as a means of examining the quantity and quality of health care afforded within the treatment approaches. PMID- 6529064 TI - [Mental disorders following psychoanalysis]. PMID- 6529065 TI - [Value and limitations of plasma assays in the current prescription of antidepressive agents]. PMID- 6529067 TI - [Anthropological classification of depression]. PMID- 6529066 TI - [Persecutional and sthenic delusional depression]. PMID- 6529068 TI - A personal sampler for measuring shift exposure to welding fumes. PMID- 6529069 TI - A comparison of two methods of measuring personal noise exposure. PMID- 6529070 TI - Quality control of airborne asbestos fibre counts in the United Kingdom--the present position. PMID- 6529071 TI - Asbestos fibre counting by image analysis--the performance of the Manchester Asbestos Program on Magiscan. PMID- 6529072 TI - Blood lead levels and the haematocrit correction. PMID- 6529073 TI - Personal samplers and operators' co-operation: the reality. PMID- 6529074 TI - Barium in welding fume. PMID- 6529075 TI - Statistical uncertainties in asbestos-laboratory classification through the RICE scheme. PMID- 6529076 TI - Rate of decline of asbestos fibre concentration in room air. PMID- 6529077 TI - [Friction melanosis]. AB - We describe 23 cases of unusual brownish pigmentation occurring over the bony tissues such as clavicle, scapula or vertebrae. There were 19 females and 4 males. The age ranged from 18 to 59, mostly between 20 and 35 years. Since the first observation in 1977, cases gradually increased. The pigmentation usually showed ripple pattern on the upper back and clavicular region, zebra-like pattern over the ribs and postage-stamp-like macule over the vertebral column. Although there was no inflammatory sign such as itching or scaling, histology revealed postinflammatory melanin deposit in the upper dermis. Exceptional detection of amyloid deposit in the papillary layer in one case could be secondary to the slight epidermal damage actually disappeared. The general condition was not affected, and laboratory data remained within normal limits. This unique melanosis should be separated from other pigmentary disorders and macular amyloidosis. We would like to propose the name of friction melanosis, because this condition should be intimately related with the repeated friction by nylon towel or brush, widely used by young peoples in the bathroom. PMID- 6529078 TI - [Albright's hereditary osteodystrophy with multiple cutaneous osteomas]. AB - Hereditary osteodystrophy of Albright's is a set of hereditary dystrophies associated or not with renal and bony resistance to the parathyroid hormone. Two observations of a true brotherhood are reported. These two patients had in common: short stature, obesity (especially facio-troncular), round face, flat and saddled nose, short neck, early cataract and mental deficiency. One of them showed fourth metacarpals. In these two cases there were cutaneous ossifications, markedly profuse on one of them than the other. These ossifications are a frequent manifestation of the osteodystrophy of Albright's. They appear as cutaneous nodules on any part of the body and are visible, palpable and present on X-ray examination. These ossifications share other phenotypic expressions of the disease and do not seem to be related to the resistance against parathyroid hormone. PMID- 6529079 TI - [Cutaneous tuberculid]. PMID- 6529080 TI - [Peno-scrotal lymphedema and primary syphilis]. PMID- 6529081 TI - [Lichen planus with an annular layout]. PMID- 6529082 TI - [Treatment of chronic lupus erythematosus with dapsone]. PMID- 6529083 TI - [Skin manifestations of the Rosai-Dorfman syndrome]. PMID- 6529084 TI - [Multiple familial clear cell acanthoma]. PMID- 6529085 TI - [Rothmund's syndrome]. PMID- 6529086 TI - [Cogan's syndrome]. PMID- 6529087 TI - [Confetti ichthyosis]. PMID- 6529089 TI - [Sclerodermiform lesions in Lobstein's disease]. PMID- 6529088 TI - [Necrotizing sialometaplasia]. PMID- 6529090 TI - [Skin complications of mesotherapy (2 cases)]. PMID- 6529091 TI - [Systemic lupus after breast prosthesis]. PMID- 6529092 TI - [Recurrent dermohypodermatitis and edematous pancreatitis preceding the digestive manifestations of Crohn's disease]. PMID- 6529093 TI - [Cutaneous tularemia: inoculation chancre and nodular tularemia]. PMID- 6529094 TI - [Malignant histiocytosis]. PMID- 6529095 TI - [Atypical genital necrobiosis lipoidica]. PMID- 6529096 TI - [Flynn's atypical regressive histiocytosis in a child]. PMID- 6529097 TI - [Lateral nail-pad of the big toe in infants. Apropos of 2 cases]. PMID- 6529098 TI - [A case of skin necrosis induced by heparin]. PMID- 6529099 TI - [Carcinoid syndrome with permanent skin manifestations]. PMID- 6529100 TI - [Tumoral lipomatous nevus. Apropos of a case]. PMID- 6529101 TI - [Acanthosis nigricans induced by local nicotinic acid]. PMID- 6529102 TI - [Pediatric vulvar lichen sclerosus (22 cases)]. PMID- 6529103 TI - [Laron's syndrome with clinical appearance of the so-called Michelin baby]. PMID- 6529104 TI - [Discoid lupus or lichen planus in a woman with familial septic granulomatosis]. PMID- 6529105 TI - [Skin manifestations of disseminated intravascular coagulation]. PMID- 6529106 TI - [Darier's erythema annulare centrifugum and primary Vaquez polycythemia]. PMID- 6529107 TI - [Acantholytic papulovesicular dermatosis and stomach cancer]. PMID- 6529108 TI - [Leptomeningeal cyst and extensive osteolysis. Rare complication of fractures of the skull. Apropos of 4 cases]. PMID- 6529109 TI - [In situ low-dose fibrinolysis in the treatment of ischemia of the limbs]. PMID- 6529110 TI - [Calculation of irradiation in radiodiagnosis. Method and surveys]. PMID- 6529111 TI - [A rare localization of Hodgkin's disease. Localized cerebral involvement]. PMID- 6529112 TI - [Bone sarcoidosis. Apropos of a case followed for 14 years]. PMID- 6529113 TI - [Arteriography with compression in arteriovenous malformations of the limbs]. PMID- 6529114 TI - [The reaction of antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC)]. AB - The antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) is a cytotoxic reaction mediated by non immune cells (effector cells) against target cells sensitized by antibodies which are specific of the target cells' surface antigens. Those antibodies belong mostly to the IgG class. Several kinds of leucocytes can play a role in ADCC. All of them bear a receptor for the Fc fragment of the immunoglobulins. The efficacy of each population of effector cells varies according to the animal species and the type of the target cell. Some ADCC effectors are very similar to the natural killers (NK) but they do not belong exactly to the same subpopulation. ADCC can be studied by an indirect method (Cr51 release) or by a direct visual method (single cell assay). Several substances can influence ADCC reactions: corticoids either do not modify or inhibit the reaction. Interferon does not interact with ADCC nor enhances it. Antibiotics do not influence the reaction. Complement enhances the ADCC. Complement reduces the concentration of antibodies and the number of effector cells required for lysis. ADCC plays a role in several biological processes like graft rejection, autoimmune diseases, antitumoral defence, antiparasitical defence, antiviral defence which seems to be its most important role in domestic animals. ADCC can be used to study the evolution of sensitizing antibodies following a viral infection. PMID- 6529115 TI - Experimental coccidiosis in goats. 1. Experimental model. Effects of parasitism on the feeding behaviour and the growth of animals; intestinal lesions. AB - Experimentally infecting goats with three species of coccidia (Eimeria ninakohlyakimovae, E. arloingi, E. christenseni) and placing them in metabolism cage helped us to obtain a parasitic development which was significant and continuous. This development is not necessarily accompanied by clinical symptoms. However slight constipation and not diarrhoea was observed. Feed consumption is reduced and a subsequent reduction in the rate of growth is observed. As far as the feeding behaviour is concerned, the reduction in the rate of growth is compensated by the animals choosing those parts of their ration which are most easily digested. PMID- 6529116 TI - [Kinetics of the population of worms in various developmental stages, Haemonchus contortus in sheep after a single experimental infection] experimental infection]. AB - This work was performed to study, in 147 month-old male lambs experimentally infected with 14000 Haemonchus contortus infective larvae and slaughtered at 6, 12, 18 and 24h and at 2, 6, 8, 11, 15 and 39 days post-infection (pi): 1, the importance, localisation and nature (with or without sheath) of the worms during the first 24 h pi; 2, the kinetics of the total worm population and of each evolutionary stages from the first to the 39th day pi: 3, the period of emergence of the fourth-stage larvae from the mucosae; 4, the topographic distribution of the different evolutionary stages of the parasite in the abomasum. During the first 24 h pi, the total worm population and that of the intramucosal larvae increase in lineary function to time (r = 0.98). After a maximum value, reached between 24 and 48 h pi, the total worm population decreases in lineary function to time (r = -0.94). Only 52% approximately of the larvae administered develop. One of the reasons is the fact that a proportion of 3rd stage larvae cannot leave their sheath during the rumino-omasal transit. Other limiting factors are discussed. The fourth-stage larvae appear in the mucosae 24 h pi. Their emergence from the mucosae starts between day 1 and 2 pi and increases in intensity from days 2 to 6 pi. The immature adults and the adults are encountered from days 6 and 14 pi respectively, and the prepatent period is on average 16 days.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6529117 TI - Effect of homologous delayed hypersensitivity testing on specific and non specific lymphoblastic transformation in cattle latently infected with bovine rhinotracheitis virus (bovine herpesvirus 1, BHV 1). AB - Two cattle latently infected with infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus (Bovine herpesvirus 1, BHV 1) were intradermally injected with inactivated BHV 1 antigen (delayed hypersensitivity test, DHT, skin test). Another animal, free of BHV 1 infection was similarly treated. Two latent carriers of the virus, intradermally injected with Phosphate-Buffered Saline solution were used as control. The evolution of spontaneous multiplication of lymphocytes and lymphoblastic transformation in vitro induced by three phytomitogens (con A, PHA, PWM) and BHV 1 antigen was followed in all animals. The delayed hypersensitivity test provoked an increase in spontaneous lymphocyte multiplication in latent carriers as well as an increase in mitogen- and antigen-induced blastogenesis on the 2nd and the 9th day following the treatment. A similar increase occurred on the 9th day in the BHV 1-free animal. Therefore, in latent carriers of BHV 1, delayed hypersensitivity testing induces an anamnestic lymphocyte reaction corresponding to the cutaneous one. This first lymphocyte activity is followed, one week later, by a new reaction which occurs both in infected and uninfected animals. PMID- 6529119 TI - Isolation and purification of bovine immunoglobulins: use of Sephacryl S-300 filtration avoids protein precipitation steps. AB - A simplified purification method for bovine IgG1, IgG2, IgM, IgA and S-IgA is presented. It takes advantage of Sephacryl S-300 gel filtration. When applied to this column, colostral whey can be separated into IgM, S-IgA and IgG rich fractions. Filtration of blood serum leads to IgM, IgA and IgG rich fractions. IgM, IgG1, IgG2, S-IgA and IgA are then further purified by anion exchange chromatography. PMID- 6529118 TI - The effect of strategic anthelmintic treatment on the breeding performance and survival of ewes naturally infected with gastro-intestinal strongyles and protostrongylids. AB - In two trials, batches of ewes naturally infected with gastro-intestinal strongyles and protostrongylids (small lungworms) were treated with fenbendazole (10 mg/kg body weight) and morantel tartrate (8 mg/kg body weight) at strategic periods. In the first trial, treatment with fenbendazole during midgestation and early lactation, reduced miscarriages, stillbirths, mortality of ewes and their offspring. In the second trial, batches of ewes were treated wither with fenbendazole or with morantel tartrate or a combination of both at different strategic periods. In all the treated groups there were reductions in the mortality of ewes and their offspring which varied according to the regime of treatment and the nature of the anthelmintic used. The excessive mortality related to the presence of these parasites was 3.62% in ewes and 13.8 in lambs. For the former, Protostrongylids and gastro-intestinal strongyles played an equal role; Protostrongylids of ewes were the main cause of worm-induced mortality for the latter. The reduction in the output of strongyle eggs and lungworm larvae paralleled the breeding performance and mortality rate of animals. PMID- 6529120 TI - Metritis in dairy herds: an epidemiological approach with special reference to ovarian cyclicity. AB - A four year retrospective study of metritis cases was performed in two dairy herds of 95 to 140 cows (herd A) and 60 cows (herd B). Systematic clinical examination and plasma progesterone analysis for ovarian status assessment were performed at 30 days after parturition. Calving conditions had been recorded earlier. These two herds were characterized by a high incidence of metritis (20 to 40% of the calving cows according to year or herd). Higher incidences were found (1) in Spring and (2) in females with difficult calvings. The major findings were that: (1) there was a 50% risk (approximately) that non-cycling females, at 30-37 days post-partum would be suffering from metritis, as opposed to a 34% risk in cycling animals (P less than 0.05); (2) there was no individual susceptibility to this infection. It has been suggested that for better monitoring and more effective treatment, this cyclicity factor should be given careful consideration. PMID- 6529123 TI - [The pathology of ther reproducing female rabbit: a comparative, descriptive study of morbidity phenomena observed during the reproduction o purebred strains of rabbit]. AB - We analysed the working life of purebred New Zealand, and Californian rabbit breeding does kept in identical conditions. Our study notes the health of the does as well as various factors affecting the survival rate of baby rabbits until weaning. After the first six months of rearing the productivity and the health of the two breeds were very different. The Californian females came through their first two gestations and lactations very well but more than half of them showed signs of respiratory ailments, and many had to be eliminated. Their first two litters were characterised by a low number of baby rabbits weaned as well as a large number of whole litters dead before weaning. The females of the New Zealand breed were in good health but then died suddenly at the end of gestation or in the middle of lactation; the surviving females raised practically their whole litter until weaning. The loss of animals is numerically fairly similar in the two breeds but takes on different farms. This comparative study of the elimination of the does, of their mortality, or of that of the baby rabbits during lactation leads us to the hypothesis that these three phenomena are probably different manifestations of the same pathological phenomena occurring early on, probably from the first gestation onwards. PMID- 6529121 TI - [Diminished activity of testosterone-16-alpha hydroxylase in bovine liver microsomes]. AB - Testosterone 16 alpha hydroxylase is a liver microsome-bound, dependent monooxygenase cytochrome P 450. In contrast with the rat and the mouse, 16 alpha hydroxylase activity appeared to be very low in the bovine liver and was very similar to the human values. By contrast, the level of cytochrome P 450 in the liver protein is very similar in all species. In the bovine species, the activity of the enzyme was 15.14 +/- 7.05 pmol/(min x mg of microsomal protein) and the level of cytochrome P 450 was 0.845 +/- 0.196 nmol/mg of microsomal protein. PMID- 6529122 TI - [The effect of dehydration of ovine feces on the development of free-living stages of gastrointestinal strongyles]. AB - The amount of water lost out of the fresh faeces during the first hours after they are laid is dependent on the hour, the site and the nature (isolated or aggregated dropping) of the faecal deposit. We studied the effect of desiccation by deposing contaminated faeces in different natural conditions. It appears that the number of infective larvae for one hundred deposited eggs is higher when the rate of desiccation is slower, mainly for O. circumcincta. The results for T. colubriformis and H. contortus are more variable, the number of larvae being lower. N. spathiger is less sensitive to the desiccation. In laboratory experiments, the optimum humidity of faeces, as far as the development rate is concerned, extended from 60 to 65%. With higher and lower levels, the developing rate rapidly decreases. N. spathiger is hardly more resistant to low levels of water content. Embryonated eggs and infective larvae are the most resistant stages, mainly for O. circumcincta. The importance of desiccation of fresh faeces during the first hours after deposition and the viability of Trichostrongyle eggs is discussed. PMID- 6529124 TI - [The vaccination of cattle against rabies. Antibody kinetics, resistance to challenge three years after vaccination]. AB - The kinetics and the titre of the serum neutralising antibodies have been studied for 55 months, in eight cows already vaccinated against rabies with a commercial vaccine. The titres remained stable during this period and increased after the booster injection 16 months after the primary immunization. The protection obtained with this vaccine was tested. These cattle and five controls were inoculated in each masseter muscle in the 55th month with a street rabies virus suspension (5 x 10(5) MICLD50). None or very low serum neutralising antibody titres were found among the controls. However, the inoculation of street rabies virus elicited an irregular immune response among the vaccinated cows. All the controls died whereas all the cows which had received one booster injection survived. PMID- 6529125 TI - [Sensitivity to stress and alpha melanotropin in anterior pituitary cells in swine species. Preliminary study]. AB - A quantimetric study of alphamelanotrope antepituitary cells has allowed the authors to demonstrate the existence of a positive correlation between those cells and the stress sensibility. The number and dimensions of the reactional cells are greater in the positive than in the negative animals. PMID- 6529127 TI - Possible mechanisms of action of caerulein on intestinal motility of sheep. AB - The authors report the stimulatory effects provoked by caerulein on caecum and colon motilities in sheep which are quite opposite to those exerted by the same peptide on the forestomach and abomasal sections. By means of various pharmacological tools these effects are suggested to be attributable to a direct effect of caerulein on the smooth muscle of these viscera through the involvement of receptors different from those ones on which CCK may be antagonizable by proglumide or cGMP pretreatments. PMID- 6529128 TI - [Normal coronary arteries and spontaneous precordial pain]. AB - In 100 successive patients with normal coronary arteriography performed for spontaneous precordial chest pain, a Methergine test was performed to induce coronary artery spasm, in addition to esophageal manometry, and an angiographic and echocardiographic study of the left ventricle. These tests were all normal in 39 patients, whereas the remaining 61 patients had pain due to coronary artery spasm (14 times), a non-coronary artery cardiopathy (16 times) (hypertrophic cardiomyopathy or mitral valve prolapse), or esophageal dyskinesia (35 times). The latter was an isolated finding 29 times, was associated 3 times with coronary artery spasm, and 3 times with non-coronary artery cardiopathy. PMID- 6529126 TI - A note on adult sheep vaccination with reduced dose of Brucella melitensis Rev 1. AB - This work describes results obtained by vaccinating pregnant ewes from a Brucella melitensis-infected flock, with 5 x 10(8) CFU (half dose) Rev 1. Only five abortions were recorded after vaccinating 600 pregnant ewes. The serological response was followed by rose bengal, complement fixation and radial immunodiffusion tests. A short-termed, low humoral immunoresponse was produced. The radial immunodiffusion test could be more useful than the other tests for differentiating infected from vaccinated sheep. It was concluded that vaccination with 5 x 10(8) CFU Rev 1 seems to have little or no effect on the normal development of pregnancy. PMID- 6529129 TI - [Cerebral embolism. A neurologist's point of view]. AB - Cardiac emboli (CE) are the second most frequent cause of ischemic or hemorrhagic cerebrovascular accidents, and also the second cause of cerebral infarction. This present work comprises: pathologic arterial findings (the principal sites where stimuli lodge) and cerebral findings (of variance size with an often hemorrhagic aspect of infarctions); infrequently encountered clinical presentations; the etiologies of CE, emphasizing in particular, the increasing role of idiopathic atrial fibrillation; and lastly, current information available on the indications for immediate anticoagulant therapy. PMID- 6529130 TI - [Pharmacokinetics and plasma concentrations of anti-arrhythmic drugs]. AB - The efficacy of antiarrhythmic drug treatment and the risk of toxicity can be evaluated by studying the relationship between these agents effects and their plasma concentrations. Optimal drug surveillance is not possible, however, unless: an effect-concentration relationship can be demonstrated; therapeutic and toxic plasma concentrations have been established; plasma concentrations in different patients demonstrate adequate dosage when measured after the administration of standard doses; a reliable and specific dosing method can be easily performed at a reasonable cost. Lidocaine, quinidine, and procainamide are among the commonly employed antiarrhythmic agents which fulfill all these requirements. Clinical pharmacologic studies are underway for disopyramide, amiodarone, mexiletine, propafenone and flecainide, and certain findings are already of value in hospital settings. PMID- 6529131 TI - [Types and choice of valve prosthesis]. AB - A great variety of valvular prostheses are available to the surgeon when conservative valvular repair techniques are not indicated. The choice of a prosthesis is dependent on many diverse factors including the patient himself, local anatomic considerations, and the mechanical characteristics and thromboembolic risk of the prosthesis itself. Two types of prostheses are available: the mechanical prostheses with their well known durability requiring, however, indefinite anticoagulant therapy, or the bioprostheses which provide greater comfort and freedom, but whose long term reliability is uncertain. PMID- 6529132 TI - [Endocavitary fulguration. A new method of treating arrhythmia?]. AB - Endocavitary diathermy consists of transmitting the energy of a defibrillator shock to the tip of an intracardiac catheter. The circuit is completed via a neutral plate placed under the patient's back. Energies in the order of 200 to 300 joules produce an electric arc at the catheter tip which causes an abrupt variation in pressure and the creation of a shock wave which modifies the myocardial structures directly in contact with the catheter. This method, which was originally used to treat supraventricular arrhythmias by interrupting the conduction in the His bundle, has recently been extended to the treatment of resistant ventricular tachycardia, and has even been used to interrupt the accessory pathway in certain cases of Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. The authors report the basic experimental data and the clinical results obtained with this method in the treatment of 20 cases of arrhythmia, especially in various types of ventricular tachycardia. The very promising results obtained, particularly in cases of ventricular tachycardia, suggest that this is a radical method which can be extended to patients unable to support a surgical operation. Although the follow-up period is only short, these results are encouraging. They confirm the basic principle of diathermy in the treatment of supraventricular tachycardia by interruption of the conduction in the His bundle and for the radical treatment of chronic ventricular tachycardia unresponsive to medical treatment. However, a longer follow-up period is required before we can demonstrate the long term effectiveness of this new therapeutic method. PMID- 6529133 TI - Primary retroperitoneal tumours in adults. AB - 48 patients underwent operation for a primary retroperitoneal tumour during the years 1962 to 1983. Palpable abdominal mass and abdominal pain were the most common presenting symptoms. Computerized tomography complemented by cavography, aortography and intravenous pyelography were the most effective radiological investigations available. 35 (73%) of the 48 tumours were malignant but only 8/35 (17%) of them had local metastases. 11 (23%) of the 48 tumours were radically excised, 20/48 (42%) had partial excision and 17/48 (35%) an incisional biopsy. 4 (11%) of the 35 malignant tumours were excised radically, 16/35 (46%) were partially excised and 15/35 (43%) had an incisional biopsy. Resection of adjacent organs was performed in 8 patients (17%). Overall operative mortality was 15% and morbidity 23%. All mortality in patients with malignant tumours occurred after incisional biopsy. Prognosis of benign tumours was excellent. The 5-year cumulative survival for malignant tumours was 28 +/- 9%. 7 patients were alive 5 years after operation but only 2 of them without evidence of recurrent disease. In conclusion, long-term results obtained by surgery of malignant tumours were less satisfactory. Hence, randomized trials with adjuvant radiation and chemotherapy are necessary. Local recurrences should be diagnosed early and resected aggressively. PMID- 6529134 TI - The changing picture of primary hyperparathyroidism in the years 1956-1979. AB - The aim of this study was to examine the development of the clinical appearance of primary hyperparathyroidism in a material of 334 patients operated on for PHPT in the years 1956-79. The material was divided into three parts: 72 patients from the years 1956-70, 102 patients from the years 1971-75 and 160 patients from the years 1976-79. A marked change was observed in the structure of the material: the mean age of both men and women increased, and the group of women over 50 years became dominating. Symptoms such as renal stones, cystic bone changes and hypercalcaemic crisis proportionally decreased, and nonspecific symptoms as malaise, fatigue and various pains increased. The number of asymptomatic patients also steadily increased. The preoperative serum calcium values were lower in the consecutive groups. The number of small adenomas increased but, on the other hand, the number of big adenomas remained the same. The ratio between single adenomas and multiglandular disease remained unchanged in the three periods. In our material, the general development of the clinical appearance of PHPT seems to have taken only one decade. In the latest period PHPT has been diagnosed considerably more often than before, and the disease has usually been treated at an earlier stage. However, the severe forms of the disease have been diagnosed as frequently in all of the periods. PMID- 6529135 TI - Urinary tract complications in spinal cord injury patients. AB - The characteristics of urinary tract complications in a series of 202 spinal cord injury patients are described. Repeated urinary infection was the most usual problem. Upper urinary tract changes were detected in 61 patients (30%). 56 patients (28%) underwent bladder outlet surgery for problems with voiding. Urinary diversion was done to 8 patients (4%), and 12 (6%) were treated with permanent indwelling catheter or self-catheterization. The high incidence of bladder stones (29%) and urethral complications (14%) was regarded as due to indwelling catheterization at the early stage post-injury. Despite the high urinary tract morbidity, only one patient has so far died of renal failure. PMID- 6529136 TI - Invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva. AB - Clinical data on 266 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva seen between 1960 and 1979 are reported. Two-hundred and eleven of these patients were eligible for 5-year evaluation. The crude survival for these patients was 59%, and the 5-year crude survival for 195 patients treated with curative intention was 64%. Two-hundred-forty-four patients were treated with radical vulvectomy and in 122 patients lymphadenectomy was also performed. Fifty per cent of the patients treated with lymphadenectomy had lymph node metastases at the time of surgery. In 88% radiotherapy was included in the treatment of the regional lymph node regions. Treatment failures occurred in 25% of the patients. Prognosis was discussed in relation to tumour size, tumour site, and histological differentiation. The presence of lymphatic involvement and surgical radicality appeared to be the most significant prognostic factors. PMID- 6529137 TI - Treatment of pelvic varicosities causing lower abdominal pain with extraperitoneal resection of the left ovarian vein. AB - Fifteen women with chronic pelvic pain in whom left sided renal phlebography had demonstrated pelvic varicosities were operated upon with extraperitoneal resection of the left ovarian vein during an eight year period. At follow-up eight patients were completely cured and three were considerably improved, but in four women no improvement occurred. Mean period of follow-up was 5.6 years (range 0.5 to 8 years). All but two women were followed for at least three years. The complication rate was low. One case of wound infection and one case with bleeding from a subcutaneous artery necessitating resuture were the only complications. PMID- 6529138 TI - Ligation of the left spermatic vein in the treatment of male infertility. AB - During a 5 year period 26 selected infertile men underwent surgical correction of varicocele. They were followed up for at least 1 year after surgery. Significant improvement was detected in sperm count and motility (%) of semen analysis after ligation of the internal spermatic vein. Eight of the wives became pregnant after operation. The correction of varicocele by ligation of the internal spermatic vein is an accepted treatment for male infertility. PMID- 6529139 TI - Pregnancy outcome after combined amputation and conization of the uterine cervix. AB - The outcome of 109 pregnancies after combined amputation and conization of the uterine cervix for CIN was compared with 204 previous pregnancies of the same 84 women. Late spontaneous abortion and preterm delivery occurred significantly more often after the operation than before it (p less than 0.001). The occurrence of early abortion was equal in both groups. The rate of legal pregnancy termination of the postconization pregnancies increased with the age of the women at the time of conization. The rate of caesarean sections (25.5%) in conized patients was significantly higher (p less than 0.05) than the mean section rate in the clinic (14.6%) during the study period. One fourth of them were done for chorion amnionitis suggesting cervical incompetence in these cases. However, prophylactic second trimester cerclage did not improve the prognosis of postconization pregnancies. Combined amputation and conization seems to be a significant risk factor in subsequent pregnancies requiring careful supervising of the patients. PMID- 6529140 TI - Experimental studies in pelviureteric obstruction and hydronephrosis. AB - The 'cellophane sclerosis' phenomenon was used to produce a slowly progressive pelviureteric obstruction in dogs. One group of the resulting hydronephrotic kidneys was treated by non dismembered pelvioplasty, the other by dismembered pelvioplasty. In order to establish some theoretical support for the prevailing clinical preference for the dismembered technique, postoperative results were compared in these groups. Criteria used were perfusion pressure profiles of the pelviureteric segment, still X-ray, fluoroscopy with videorecording, pathology and biochemistry. Scanning electron microscopy and video-densitometry were also introduced. Pressure profiles showed no significant difference after the two types of surgery. Still X-ray in the dismembered group shows a better anatomical result in the pelviureteric segment but suggests more extensive loss of renal parenchyma. X-ray videography in the non dismembered group shows irregular contours of the lumen with saccular pouches ('dogears'). In the dismembered group the pelviureteric segment can hardly be distinguished from that in the normal situation. Functionally however, no clear difference is observed between the two. Microscopy shows more fibrosis in the scar after dismembered operations. However, sufficient muscular tissue had regenerated for normal peristaltic waves to run across the scar in both groups. The epithelium had healed completely in both groups. Scanning electron microscopy shows 'thinning out' of the pelvic urothelium to only one layer in the hydronephrotic stage. Videodensitometry shows a resumption of coordinated peristaltic waves across the scar in both groups. PMID- 6529141 TI - Upper urinary tract compliance: its importance in obstructive hydronephrosis. AB - Improvements in diagnostic modalities over the last 15 years have meant that obstruction can now be diagnosed accurately in dilated upper tracts. However, it is no longer sufficient to diagnose obstruction in a hydronephrotic kidney; it is necessary to determine the likelihood of functional deterioration in that kidney by measuring its elastic distensibility (compliance). 111 pressure flow studies have been reviewed in an attempt to measure the compliance of each upper tract under study and to assess its clinical implications. Good compliance was seen in 64 dynamically unobstructed renal units as well as in 16 obstructed systems. These 16 obstructed systems with good compliance had less significant degrees of obstruction than a group of 31 obstructed systems with poor compliance. Obstruction with good compliance was associated with preservation of renal function as measured by diuresis renography whilst impaired function was seen in systems with obstruction and poor compliance. Systems with good compliance and obstruction may not necessarily need surgery to relieve obstruction but instead could be managed by avoiding a high fluid intake which is liable to produce a pressure rise in the kidney. Poor compliance or functional deterioration are indications for immediate relief of the obstruction. PMID- 6529142 TI - Pelvi-ureteric junction obstruction in Singapore children--a retrospective study. AB - Thirty-two cases of hydronephrosis caused by pelvi-ureteric junction obstruction, presenting to the Department of Paediatric Surgery in the last 6 years were reviewed. In both infants and older children a palpable abdominal mass was the most common mode of presentation. Anderson-Hynes pyeloplasty was performed in a total of 31 kidneys. In 4 children, whose kidneys were severely hydronephrotic and with hardly any renal parenchyma present a primary nephrectomy was performed. Of the two children who required further operation on the same kidney, a repeat pyeloplasty for persistent obstruction was required in 1 patient, the other patient underwent nephrectomy subsequent to pyeloplasty as a severe pyonephrosis had developed. Twenty-nine of the 31 kidneys were assessed postoperatively by tube nephrogram, intravenous pyelogram (IVP), or diuretic renography. Four kidneys were found to be non-functional or severely damaged. PMID- 6529143 TI - Vesico-ureteric reflux in Singapore children--a survey of surgically treated children. AB - A survey of 29 cases of vesico-ureteric reflux treated surgically at the Department of Paediatric Surgery, Singapore General Hospital, between 1974 and 1981 was carried out to assess the Singapore experience with the disease. There was a 2:1 female predominance but proportionately more males presented before 6 months of age (sex ratio 1:1). In contrast to Caucasian children, the peak incidence is below one year of age, and demonstrates the importance of recognising the condition early in infancy. Correspondingly, the most frequently presenting symptom is fever, as a result of urinary tract infection. In contrast, enuresis is uncommon (unlike in Caucasian children, where the peak incidence is at a later age). There is no predilection to unilateral, bilateral or side of involvement. Ectopia lateralis and patulous ureteric orifices were the most commonly identified structural defects. E. Coli and Klebsiella were the most commonly occurring organisms among those with urinary tract infections, and Ampicillin or Bactrim was adequate for most cases. PMID- 6529144 TI - Endoscopic surgery of posterior urethral valves. AB - Although posterior urethral valves were described more than sixty years ago, the surgical treatment of this condition has only recently been technically feasible. This paper is a review of 15 cases of posterior urethral valves treated over a 3 year period in the Department of Paediatric Surgery, Singapore General Hospital. The commonest clinical presentation was urinary tract infection. The upper urinary tract was normal in only six cases. In 14 out of the 15 cases primary surgical treatment of the valve was carried out with satisfactory results in 13 patients. PMID- 6529145 TI - Endoscopic surgery of the upper urinary tract. AB - Endoscopic surgery of the upper urinary tract had made rapid advances in the past three years. At our institution endoscopic removal of upper urinary tract stones had almost replaced open surgical procedure which is now done in only about 2% of the surgical stones seen. Over 1,000 cases of percutaneous stone removal had been done and for renal and uretero-pelvic junction stones our success rate is 96% while ureteral stones are less amenable to removal and the success rate is about 86%. Complications include procedure bleeding, entravasation of irrigating fluids, perforation of the collecting system and sepsis. All these are rare and can be managed conservatively. A more serious complication is that of AV malformation in six cases out of 1,000 patients due to damage to renal vessels. Fortunately this can be treated with arteriography and embolisation. Retained fragment rate is about 6%, these are, however, non-surgical fragments. Percutaneous techniques may also be used for diagnostic inspection of the collecting system and for treatment of certain cases of uretero-pelvic junction obstruction. Instruments are now also available for transurethral uretero renoscopy, it is generally possible to manipulate and remove many ureteral stones under direct vision. PMID- 6529146 TI - Stone composition and metabolic study in urinary calculous disease. AB - A series of 178 urinary stones is analysed qualitatively during a three year period from 1980 to 1982. The majority (96%) of stones orginate from the upper tract. Calcium oxalate stones are the commonest entity seen in the western countries but less than 20% of such stones occur locally. A large proportion consists of mixed stones and one third are infective as triple phosphate is present. 20% contain urate as a constituent whereas relatively pure urate stones constitute 4%. The true incidence of pure urate stones is higher (about 10%) as we have been dissolving them with alkalinisation of urine without surgery. Idiopathic hypercalciura occurs in 11.8% and none has persistent hypercalcaemia. Hyperuricosuria which is commoner, occurs in 24% of patients. It is important to identify this group as it results in the formation of metabolically active stones, and they can be treated with allopurinol to prevent recurrence of stones. PMID- 6529147 TI - Male subfertility--local experience. AB - A total of 267 cases of male subfertility seen during a three year period beginning April 1980 were studied. The results of treatment for the various groups were analyzed. Good improvement of semen analysis results were obtained for varicocele ligation but pregnancy rates had not yet been studied in detail because of the short span of follow-up. Vaso-vasotomy results had been excellent. PMID- 6529148 TI - Haemorrhagic chronic radiation cystitis--following treatment of pelvic malignancies. AB - Haemorrhagic chronic radiation cystitis is not an uncommon clinical entity, and should be suspected in patients with painless gross haematuria who have a past history of radiotherapy to the pelvic region. A series of 29 patients with haemorrhagic chronic radiation cystitis were managed in the University Department of Surgery, Singapore General Hospital over a 5 years period from 1979 to 1983. Cystodiathermy was the mainstay of treatment and was successful in controlling haematuria in 27 patients. Two patients developed uncontrolled haematuria, urinary tract infection, septicaemia and died giving mortality of 6.9%. Excellent control of haemorrhage can be obtained with cystodiathermy in the majority of patients. Intravesical instillation of steroid or silver nitrate is used for the more intractable cases, after cystodiathermy. Urinary diversion with or without cystectomy are desperate measures to salvage the severe case and mortality is high. PMID- 6529149 TI - The management of genito-urinary tuberculosis--a review. AB - The problem of genito-urinary tuberculosis particularly for developing countries is stressed. The clinical presentation is outlined and investigations discussed, special mention being made of the importance of the high dose intravenous pyelogram and the limited use of retrograde pyelogram, cystography and arteriography. The most important part of the article is the chemotherapeutic treatment; and the significance of the short course regimen which should now be the standard practice. The reasoning of this method of treatment is discussed and toxicity is briefly mentioned. Surgical treatment is presented within the context of modern short course chemotherapy and is discussed under two headings "Excision of diseased tissue" and "Reconstructive surgery". PMID- 6529150 TI - Micturition after cystoplasty. AB - In patients with advanced carcinoma of the bladder not involving the trigone, radical total cystectomy with bladder replacement (replacement cystoplasty) using either the colon, ileum or stomach can be performed. In male patients, the prostatic urethra is always included in the resection so that the extent of radical surgery is not compromised. Thus the neobladder is anastomosed to the membranous urethra in these patients. In patients with contracted tuberculous bladder, the neobladder is anastomosed to the trigone after subtotal cystectomy (augmentation cystoplasty). The pattern of micturition is studied in 32 patients with cystoplasty after cystectomy. Emptying of the neobladder is achieved and completed mainly by abdominal straining rather than by the spontaneous contraction of the gastrointestinal segment, as evidenced by cystometric studies. The stomach generates high pressures during its peristaltic contractions but this could be a disadvantage during the early postoperative period particularly in the females, as urinary incontinence may result. In the majority of patients, micturition takes place every 2 to 3 hours with full urinary continence during the waking hours. However, in patients after radical total cystectomy, incontinence of urine during deep sleep is inevitable. No differences of voiding pattern, bladder capacity and residual urine volume are noted when either the colon, ileum or stomach is used for cystoplasty. PMID- 6529151 TI - Urethroplasty in the treatment of urethral strictures. AB - The treatment of urethral strictures has been revolutionised since urethroplasty was described three decades ago. Although majority of strictures respond to the age old procedure of bouginage, a small number, however, need surgical intervention because of associated complications. Over the past six years, thirty four patients were treated by some form of urethroplasty. Eighteen had meatoplasty for meatal stenosis, two of which recurred and were converted to two stage anterior urethroplasty. Three patients, with long anterior stricture, were subjected to two staged operation as a primary procedure. The posterior urethra was affected in eight patients and two of them also had fistulae. All these patients were subjected to urethroplasty which was modified according to the extent of stricture. Two patients with prostato-membranous strictures were dealt with transpubically in one stage. In five patients the entire urethra distal to the membranous part was affected by a long standing stricture, three of whom were also complicated by fistulae. They were similarly dealt by a full length two stage urethroplasty. Satisfactory results were achieved in all except three patients whose stricture recurred and needed a surgical reconstruction. Only one patient in this series developed impotence and true incontinence. PMID- 6529152 TI - Optical urethrotomy for urethral strictures--a preliminary report. AB - 24 patients with urethral strictures which were managed with the optical urethrotome are studied. These patients had developed strictures due to previous transurethral reaction of the prostate, and trauma or inflammation of the urethra. In some cases we have not been able to determine the aetiology of the problem. 58% of the patients responded satisfactorily to this mode of therapy. Although a high percentage develop recurrent stenosis, these can be treated by repeated urethrotomy under vision without much morbidity. Resistant cases would need urethroplasty. PMID- 6529153 TI - The seventh Gordon Arthur Ransome oration. Human rights and economic development. PMID- 6529154 TI - Fractional clearance of bromosulfonephthalein and metabolic clearance of antipyrine. Correlative study in liver diseases. AB - Antipyrine metabolic clearance and BSP fractional (K1) clearance relationship in liver disease is the object of this study. 47 patients have been examined (liver cirrhosis: 17, liver disease without cirrhosis: 15, patients with no liver disease: 15). Results are as follows: antipyrine metabolic clearance is significantly lower in patients with cirrhosis; BSP fractional clearance is significantly lower in liver disease with and without cirrhosis; the clearances are significantly linked in liver cirrhosis patients, but not in the other patient groups. The role of liver cell deficiency and blood flow decrease is discussed with result interpretation. PMID- 6529155 TI - [Surgical treatment of hepatosplenic bilharziosis in the Ivory Coast. Apropos of 34 cases]. AB - Portal hypertension due to hepato-splenic bilharziasis is common in Abidjan, where we operated on 34 cases in 15 years. The indications for surgical intervention include gastrointestinal haemorrhage due to rupture of esophageal varices, a very bulky enlarged spleen and, more, rarely, recurrent ascites. Simple splenectomy (9 cases) suppresses discomfort and pain, corrects the hypersplenism and brings about a moderate reduction of portal pressure. Spleno renal anastomosis (19 cases) remains the operation of choice. The long-term results, difficult as these are to assess under ill-regulated African conditions, appear satisfactory on the whole, due to less serious damage to the hepatocyte than in the cirrhoses (62% Child A and 29% Child B). We therefore continue to advocate splenectomy followed if possible by a spleno-renal shunt in bilharzial portal hypertension. PMID- 6529156 TI - [Cancer of the gastric stump. Apropos of 14 recent cases]. AB - 14 primary cancers of the gastric stump developing after low partial gastrectomy for a benign ulcerative gastroduodenal lesion have been treated in 7 years (1976 1982). The necessarily cautious criterion of definition is a postoperative interval of over 15 years. Indeed, it seems very unlikely that a gastric cancer could remain unrecognised and asymptomatic throughout this period. This personal series, together with a review of the recent literature (352 cases), makes it possible to clarify various facts concerning this non-fortuitous anatomic and clinical entity. The clinical aspect is quite characteristic, marked after a silent latent interval (average postoperative delay 27 years) by epigastric pain, vomiting, dysphagia and eventual change in general condition. The frequency is increasing, even though gastric cancer is on the decline whatever the geographic zone considered (in France from 1952 to 1968 the incidence per 100,000 inhabitants fell from 27.2 to 19 per cent). The average frequency of cancer of the gastric stump is estimated as 2.5 per cent of the totality of cancers of the stomach. The risk of developing a cancer of the gastric stump varies around 3 per cent in those undergoing gastrectomy for an ulcer. Moreover, this risk increases with the passage of time. The marked preponderance of the male sex remains unexplained. The initial site of the ulcer is so often unknown as to permit no definitive conclusion. It must therefore be considered that cancer of the gastric stump is really the direct consequence of the surgical procedure of excision.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6529157 TI - [Lipomas of the digestive tract. Review of the literature apropos of 5 cases]. AB - In addition to presentation of five personal observations of lipomas of the digestive tract (1 esophageal, 3 gastric, 1 jejunal), the authors review over 1 400 cases published in the literature. No cases of degeneration were found. Esophageal lipomas are extremely rare (1.5 p. cent of digestive tract lipomas) and are often confused, prior to anatomical proof, with leiomyomas, which are much more frequent. Lipomas represent 3 to 5 p. cent of all benign tumors of the stomach; the most frequent site is the antrum and the average diameter is 5 cm. From a clinical standpoint, such tumors are asymptomatic unless they are of large size or peri-orificial. The radiologic diagnosis is usually a benign tumor, lipomas being diagnosed only rarely. Lipomas of the small intestine represent 13 to 15 p. cent of all benign tumors there; the preferential site is the ileum (49.6 p. cent), followed by the duodenum (23.4 p. cent). Clinical latency was associated with 43 p. cent of the cases reviewed. Barium examinations generally led to the diagnosis of a benign tumor but provided no etiological information. Lipomas constitute the most frequent benign tumor of the colon and rectum after adenomas. When compared with all other locations, the colon accounts for 51.1 p. cent of cases. No preferential site was observed within the colon itself, and multiple forms were seen in 14 p. cent of cases. Clinical latency was associated with 30.3 p. cent of the colo-rectal cases reviewed, and radiological exams were generally unable to diagnose lipomas.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6529158 TI - [Secondary intestinal effects of antibiotics]. PMID- 6529159 TI - [The biology of Candida. Physiopathology and epidemiology of digestive candidiasis]. PMID- 6529160 TI - [Sensitivity of Candida to antifungal agents]. PMID- 6529161 TI - [Digestive mycoses]. PMID- 6529162 TI - [Comparative double-blind study: alizapride-metoclopramide]. AB - The anti-emetic action of alizapride was compared to that of metoclopramide in a strict double-blind study of 57 cases files derived from 21 patients treated with anti-mitotic chemotherapy. For each treatment, each patient received two ampoules before and after the chemotherapy. Each ampoule contained either 50 mg of alizapride or 10 mg of metoclopramide. There were 24 good or excellent results and 4 nil results with alizapride and 16 good or excellent results and 13 nil results with metoclopramide. The superiority of alizapride over metoclopramide was therefore established with statistical significance (0.05 greater than p greater than 0.02). PMID- 6529164 TI - Experimental study, in the rat, on the protection of the gastric mucosa by the combination of an antacid and a montmorrillonite. AB - The stomach wall is protected by its own secretion of mucus. The superficial layer consist of a parietal film of acid mucus, adhering to the epithelium. The acid mucus reach its maximum viscosity at pH 5. We investigate, in the rat, the interaction between this mucus with a montmorillonite, a kind of clay, known to have a mucoprotective effect, and with the association of montmorillonite and an antiacid drug. Three hours after ingestion the clay particles saturated the parietal mucus, then, up to the sixth hour their abondance decrease. The parietal film of mucus is abundant until the sixth hour, this data confirm the protection of the gastric mucosa by this drugs association. PMID- 6529163 TI - Results of the Warren operation for portal hypertension. AB - The results are reported of 40 distal spleno-renal shunts as described by Warren, carried out from 1975 to 1980. Angiographically, the shunt appeared functional in 37 cases and thrombosed in 3; flow towards the liver was preserved in 28 of the operated patients, but in 12 cases there was portal thrombosis, partial (10 cases) or total (2 cases). Five of the operated cases (12.5%) died soon afterwards, 3 of these from recurrent haemorrhage associated twice with thrombosis of the shunt and once with a massive portal thrombosis. Two patients died subsequently at 4 months ans 3 1/2 years from liver failure. The 33 other patients, at a follow-up of 1 to 6 years, are leading a normal life without encephalopathy or recurrent haemorrhage. PMID- 6529165 TI - [Upper digestive fibroscopy: variations in blood gastrins and blood cortisol]. PMID- 6529166 TI - [Biologic rhythms and chronopharmacology]. PMID- 6529167 TI - [Pharmacokinetics in the aged subject]. PMID- 6529168 TI - Psychopharmacologic drugs in the treatment of the irritable bowel syndrome. A double blind study of the effect of trimipramine. AB - In the present multicentre double blind study of 428 patients with the irritable bowel syndrome a significant beneficial effect was found on abdominal pain, nausea, sleeplessness and depression by using 50 mg of the antidepressive drug, trimipramine, in the evening, as well as 10 mg three times daily. A significant effect was also recorded for the total score of wellbeing during the treatment period of 6 weeks. No side effects were recorded except tiredness in the morning in some patients during the first two weeks. PMID- 6529169 TI - [Hirschsprung's disease in children]. AB - Based on a series of 283 cases of Hirschsprung's disease seen and treated in the Surgical Clinic of the Hopital des Enfants-Malades in Paris, the authors describe the current features of the disease which generally presents in the neonatal or post-natal period, the modalities of diagnosis which involve manometric and histochemical techniques more than radiology, the established of a prognosis and a protocol of therapeutic indications based on the evaluation of the coefficient of elasticity of the rectal wall and of the site of colonic distension. The pathophysiology of the major complication, enterocolitis, is described together with methods of prevention and treatment. 100 patients have been operated with a follow-up of between 5 and 25 years. In 85% of cases, the long term results are excellent or good. PMID- 6529170 TI - [Megacolon in adults. Apropos of 76 cases]. AB - 27 patients with Hirschsprung's disease and 49 patients with idiopathic megacolon were followed for a period ranging between 6 months and 15 years. The diagnosis is essentially based on the barium enema and functional ano-rectal investigations. Duhamel's operation was performed in 26 patients with Hirschsprung's disease and in 34 patients with idiopathic megacolon. There was no mortality, but 10 cases of pelvic suppuration required colostomy, 9 of which were temporary. 8 cases of anastomotic stenosis developed as a late complication, but they were easily dilated by a simple surgical procedure. One patient developed sexual dysfunction (retrograde ejaculation). A good result was obtained in all patients with Hirschsprung's disease, except for one case of adynamic colon. Two patients with idiopathic megacolon were lost to follow-up. All but two of the remaining patients obtained a good or excellent result. Other operations were performed for idiopathic megacolon: 6 sphincterotomies, with 3 successes and 3 failures; 15 sigmoidectomies, including 3 with sub-peritoneal anastomosis (State's operation). There were 5 good results, 6 mediocre results and 4 failures which subsequently required a Duhamel's operation. Other techniques were performed more rarely: Swenson's operation with a short-term technical failure, 3 side-to-side ileo-sigmoid anastomoses with 3 failures which required a sub-total colectomy with ileo-sigmoid anastomosis. The longterm result was mediocre. The trans-rectal, colo-anal descent of the colon therefore appears to be the treatment of choice in megacolon in adults of whatever cause. PMID- 6529171 TI - [Systematic monitoring of the postoperative rectum]. AB - This study concerns the detection and treatment of recurrence after operation for colo-rectal cancer. The recurrences were classified as being in the suture line, peri-colonic, pelvic or distant metastasis. The factors which determine the appearance of recurrence depend on the tumour (development of the tumour and degree of anaplasia), the surgical technique (removal of the metastatic pathway and techniques intended to prevent the implantation of migrating tumour cells) and the patient (age, immunological factors, etc.). Our survey for the detection of recurrence consists of history and clinical examination of the patient, colonoscopy, carcino-embryonic antigen, routine laboratory tests, liver scan and/or ultrasonography, chest X-ray computerised tomography and, in a few special cases, lymphography; arteriography, etc. This group of investigations constitutes a surveillance protocol which should be performed regularly. We present the results of 443 follow-up surveys in 100 patients operated for colorectal cancer. PMID- 6529172 TI - Anorectal fistulas. PMID- 6529173 TI - [The key to success in median evaginating rectocolonic resection]. AB - The author analyzes the theoretical principles of the preservation of the anal sphincter in the treatment of the cancer of the rectum. The indications and techniques of more conservative surgical approaches are reported. PMID- 6529174 TI - [Treatment of acute and chronic hepatic encephalopathy in cirrhosis]. PMID- 6529175 TI - [Angiodysplasia of the colon. Apropos of a case]. AB - A case of angiodysplasia of the right colon is reported. Clinical, radiological, endoscopic and pathological aspects are described. Beside the arteriography, the authors insist on the special usefulness of the coloscopy which helps the diagnosis and gives therapeutic possibilities as well by electrocoagulation of the lesion. Vascular opacification of the specimen is very useful to help the pathologist. PMID- 6529176 TI - [The value of cytology in the diagnosis of herpetic esophagitis. Apropos of 2 case reports]. AB - In two patients with non-specific lesions of oesophagitis, malpighian cells infected with type I herpes simplex virus were collected by brush cytology. The cytological appearance was typical of herpes infection. Within a specimen comprising many highly necrotic areas, giant multi-nucleated malpighian cells were seen, with marginate nuclear chromatin and characteristic inclusion bodies in the nuclei. The discovery of herpes lesions in the oesophagus raises important disease questions, both from the point of view of opportunistic infection and the development of cancer. PMID- 6529177 TI - [Value of radioimmunological serum levels of carcinoembryonic antigen in the postoperative monitoring of rectocolonic cancer]. AB - Fifty four patients, operated for colorectal cancer have been followed up for 2 to 100 months after surgery by carcino-embryonic antigen (CEA) determinations and classical, clinical, biological, radiological, echographical, isotopical and tomoscanninvestigations. Each new serum sample has been assayed for CEA with previously collected samples within the same patients. This repetition of CEA on the same samples allows to check the good reproducibility of CEA radioimmunoassay (variation coefficient between assay is less than 10%) and to get a complete profile of CEA level evaluation within the same assay. There is a good correlation between clinical evolution and CEA levels. In 42 patients, CEA levels remained or became normal (less than 10 ng ml) after surgical resection of the tumors and no metastasis or local recurrence were detected. In 12 cases, CEA levels remained or became abnormally high (greater than 20 ng ml) at the same time or before clinical and/or paraclinical evidences for metastases or local recurrence. These results showed CEA assay in a quantitative parameter to assess the follow-up of colorectal cancer complementary to clinical, biological, radiological, echographical and isotopical criterias. PMID- 6529178 TI - [Serum gastrin in patients with nonalcoholic liver cirrhosis]. AB - Serum gastrin before and after a low-lipid glycoprotein meal was studied in patients with viral cirrhosis (without associated alcoholism) and controls. Cirrhotics are at high risk of peptic ulceration and most authors have attributed this to their gastrin levels which in many studies are higher in cirrhotics than controls. Since such studies involved patients with cirrhosis from a variety of causes, mostly alcohol (which in itself causes a rise in gastrin levels and an increased risk of peptic ulceration), we believed it necessary to evaluate gastrin levels before and after stimulation in patients with non-alcoholic cirrhosis, i.e. in those with viral cirrhosis. PMID- 6529179 TI - [Duodenal ulcer and serum pepsinogen]. PMID- 6529180 TI - [Use of metoclopramide in the preparation of patients over 75 for gastroscopy]. AB - The Primperan which has strong antiemetic properties, is suggested to be utilised in premedication before gastroscopy in patients over 75 years old, on account of its lower respiratory depression activity than diazepam, currently used in such occasion. Thirty minutes before starting endoscopy, 20 mg of Primperan (2 ampules) are administered intravenously to the patients. In 15 patients, the results were excellent characterized by a lack of nausea and anxiety, and a very good tolerance. PMID- 6529181 TI - [Functional study of the anorectal region in hemorrhagic rectocolitis]. AB - Because the rectum is always severely affected by haemorrhagic procto-colitis, the functional investigation of the ano-rectal region is an essential element in the pathophysiological approach and the objective evaluation of functional disorders (urgency of stools, number of stools per 24 hours, incontinence) described by patients. In fact, the rectum is a compliant organ which behaves like a reservoir between the propulsive colinic element and the resistant anal element and it plays an essential role in the continence of faeces. The work of Farthing et al. and Denis et al. in cases of non-operated haemorrhagic procto colitis have demonstrated: an abnormal sensitivity of the rectum to disension, a significant reduction in the rectal capacity and a decrease in the distensibility of the rectal wall. The abnormalities appear to be related to inflammation of the rectal mucosa. The studies reported by Denis et al. and by Zielinski et al. suggest that there is a functional adaptation of the rectal wall after ileo rectal anastomosis for heamorrhagic procto-colitis, even in endoscopically severe forms. PMID- 6529182 TI - [Current surgical treatment of rectal prolapse in the adult]. AB - Prolapse of the rectum in adults has a complex etio-pathogenesis which involves a number of anatomical and physiological factors which, with the impulse of effort, cause the viscus to protrude externally through the sphincter. About one hundred operations have been designed to treat this condition, inspired by various mechanisms which have been considered to be responsible or involving excision of the prolapsed viscus. The results have been disappointing in view of the high rate of recurrence. At the present time, we prefer operations which anchor the rectum to posterior osseous structures, which are well tolerated, even by elderly patients. The immediate and long term results of these operations are very satisfactory. The author presents his experience of one of these operations. PMID- 6529184 TI - [Intestinal infarction (pathogenesis, diagnosis, therapy)]. AB - In spite of progress in medical treatment and surgery, intestinal infarctus is still a dramatic clinical event responsible for the death of 80% of all cases involved. The causes of such a remarkable failure rate are due, on one hand, to the precocity of these ischemic intestinal lesions with the resultant serious humoral and septic damage and, on the other hand, to the difficulty and delay in diagnosis. The etiological diagnosis is still more difficult even with the use of angiography which, in any case, cannot be systematically performed on all patients arriving into care. Treatment is based on surgical therapy: intestinal resections with possible subsequent revascularizations and "second looks" and on complimentary medical therapy with vasodilators and anticoagulants. Of 27 cases personally encountered, the total mortality was 70% with a survival rate of 5 cases out of 8 resection operations (62.5%) and of 2 cases out of 5 (40%) embolectomies of the superior mesenteric artery. Significant improvement in results can be obtained by earlier diagnosis obtained by sensitization of cardiologist colleagues and others working in the intensive care units where those patients of high risk are often found. PMID- 6529185 TI - Invasive trophoblast in the genus Equus. PMID- 6529183 TI - [Wounds of the digestive tube (especially of the colon and rectum)]. AB - Wounds of the digestive tract most commonly observed in civil practice are those due to violent aggression or fighting. Two-thirds of the times, the wounds are caused by firearms. Upon reception of such victims it is essential to determine the precise time of the incident, their state of shock and the presence of abdominal signs (contracture or evisceration). The midline laparotomy must be large enough to allow a complete survey of the abdomen (incidence of associated visceral or vascular lesions). The most delicate therapeutic problem is posed by wounds of the colon. The conditions under which it is currently recommended to forget systematic colostomy are defined in the discussion. PMID- 6529186 TI - Maternal antibody to foetal histocompatibility and trophoblast-specific antigens. PMID- 6529187 TI - Lymphocytes migration into membrane filters: divergent effects of syngeneic mouse serum and lymph. AB - In the present paper, the effects of mouse serum and lymph in lymphocyte adhesion versus locomotion was distinguished using the same substrate (cellulose acetate filters) permissive (8 microns) and non-permissive (0.45 microns) to cells. The results presented suggest that serum and lymph have similar effects on lymphocyte adhesion, but behave differently in locomotion assays. The relevance of these findings to the understanding of the role of lymph proteins in the control of lymphocyte recirculation is discussed. PMID- 6529188 TI - [Glandular and penile hypospadias. Elements of the abnormality. Therapeutic implications and results. From a study of 135 protocols]. AB - Glandular, coronal or penile hypospadias is a more complicated disorder than at first sight appears. This article reviews 135 cases, and discusses the constituent elements-meatal ectopy, with or without meatal stenosis, ventral penile curvature, skin chordee and webbed or twisted penis. No urethroplasty was performed in twenty two boys with glandular or coronal meatus, the treatment being by circumcision or preputial plasty. Of the 113 patients undergoing urethral repair, 91 (80.5%) suffered from no complications in the postoperative course, but 22 (19.5%) developed complications. The most common was a urethrocutaneous fistula (16). Thirteen of these were successfully closed in an additional operation. Six patients developed meatal stenosis or urethral strictures (5.3%), and were treated by meatal dilatation (4), meatostomy (1) or endoscopic urethrotomy (1). The overall results of one-or two-stage urethroplasty, with or without further surgical treatment for fistula or stenosis, were good or very good in 96.5% of cases. We approve the present trend towards one-stage repair, using Mathieu's technique for distal penile hypospadias without penial curvature, Duckett's technique for all medial or proximal penial hypospadias, or for distal penial hypospadias with chordee, or MAGPI for glandular or coronal hypospadias. The best age for surgical treatment must be decided in the light of technical requirements, psychological stress factors and schooling. The authors advocate the performance of a single-stage operation at around three years of age, in order to limit the psychological stress arising not only from the disorder, but also from the need for hospitalization, which should therefore be kept down to the minimum. PMID- 6529189 TI - [Our experience with the treatment of urethral stenosis in a series of 90 cases at the Strasbourg Hospital Center]. AB - Ninety patients presenting with urethral stenosis were treated surgically at the Strasbourg Hospital, involving 100 internal urethrotomies and sixteen urethroplasties. The authors consider that short bulbous stenosis, with no previous treatment, should be treated endoscopically; that, if the stenosis recurs after two internal urethrotomies, or if the stenosis is infected or located in the pendulous or membranous urethra, a urethroplasty is indicated, as in cases of long bulbous stenosis; and that, even though the rate of complications is high following Johansson's urethroplasty, this procedure is indicated in cases of infection. The use of free full-thickness grafts led to a 100% success rate. PMID- 6529190 TI - [Spontaneous orchi-epididymitis due to necrosis of ischemic vascular origin]. AB - The author reports the case of a patient presenting with a recurrent right hydrocele after tapping, associated with an infectious syndrome resulting in a swollen and painful right compartment of the scrotum, which failed to respond to antibiotic treatment. A right scrotal incision revealed a vaginal empyema and a swollen and enflamed testicle and epididymis. After a right ochiectomy, an anatomopathological examination showed a severe ischemia of the testicle and epididymis associated with arteriosclerotic stenosis of the testicular artery. PMID- 6529191 TI - [Gynecomastia and cancer of the bladder: an ectopic secretion of chorionic gonadotropin hormone]. AB - Among the paraneoplastic endocrine syndromes, gynecomastia induced by an ectopic production of human chorionic gonadotrophin remains infrequent. The authors report the case of a fifty-year-old man presenting with a bilateral gynecomastia which had been evolving over three months. The etiological investigation was rapidly guided by a macroscopic hematuria. Intravenous nephro-urotomographies visualized a filling defect in the bladder, and a grade III stage A urothelial carcinoma was completely resected cystoscopically, leading to progressive disappearance of the gynecomastia. Hormonal investigation revealed an ectopic production of HCG, inducing hyperestrogenia. PMID- 6529192 TI - [Treatment of urinary stress incontinence in women using tissue glue]. PMID- 6529193 TI - [The surgical treatment of vesico-ureteral reflux in adults. Apropos of 45 cases]. AB - The authors report 45 cases of adult patients treated surgically for vesico ureteral reflux. They describe the indications and the data provided by preoperative biological and radiological examinations. The most widely used surgical procedure is submucosal advancement, and the authors discuss various technical aspects of this technique. Analysis of the results shows an 89.5% success rate with follow-up periods of at least eighteen months. PMID- 6529194 TI - [Vesico-renal reflux in adults. Study of 57 ureters reimplanted by the submucosal advancement method]. AB - Vesicorenal reflux raises specific problems in adults, as regards both the surgical indications and the operative technique. The operative results are discussed in relation to fifty seven ureters reimplanted in thirty six patients, and the indications for surgical management are outlined. Refluxes clinically associated with lumbalgia, fever and pyuria, always require surgery. The most difficult problems arise from "asymptomatic" refluxes revealed by checkups for renal insufficiency, proteinuria or arterial hypertension. In these cases, the characteristics of the ureter (e.g. wide or narrow) and the existence or absence of renal scars must be taken into consideration. Refluxes in narrow ureters should be followed closely, and the advisability of surgery should be carefully weighed in patients with a wide ureter with no visible damage to the parenchyma. PMID- 6529195 TI - [Reflections on a series of 39 cases of primary vesico-renal reflux in adults]. AB - The authors report thirty nine cases of primary vesicorenal reflux in adults, involving sixty nine ureters. The series includes two women for every three men, with an onset normally in the twenties (the average age was 28 years and 6 months). In 86.6% of the patients, the disorder was revealed by urinary infections, and the case history extended back over an average of eight years. The urinary infection had a severe impact on the renal parenchyma, so that 54% of the patients presented with bilateral parenchymal lesions. Isotopic cystography appears to provide a more sensitive diagnostic tool than conventional radiological cystography, and the radiation effects are far less pronounced, so that the examination can be repeated more frequently in search of intermittent refluxes in patients with pyelonephritic lesions. The surgical management is by uretero-vesical reimplantation. The authors presently prefer Cohen's technique, which gives 88% good results. On the other hand, after surgical elimination of the urinary infection, the pyelonephritic lesions or renal insufficiency are irreversible, but they remain stable. PMID- 6529196 TI - [Treatment of primary vesico-renal reflux in adults. Apropos of 40 patients]. AB - The authors report a series of forty patients presenting with vesicorenal reflux treated by ureteral reimplantation. Seventeen ureterorenal units were treated by Hutch's procedure, with a success rate of 75%. In 1972, this procedure was abandoned in favor of Cohen's technique, and a further forty two ureterorenal units were treated with a 90% success rate. There was no recurrence of the reflux, but there was one case of stenosis. PMID- 6529197 TI - [Primary vesico-uretero-renal reflux in adults: therapeutic outcome. Apropos of 68 cases]. AB - The authors compare two series of adult patients presenting with primary vesico uretero-renal reflux. The first series was treated before 1974, and the second, over the past ten years. The salient feature of this comparison is the reduction in the number of renal failures. More systematic investigation of the reflux highlights a greater number of cases which will evolve without further impairment of renal function. This point has a considerable bearing on operative indications. PMID- 6529198 TI - [Vesico-renal reflux detected in adults. Apropos of 37 cases]. AB - The authors report a series of thirty seven patients presenting with vesicorenal reflux. The circumstances leading up to the discovery of the disorder, and the urographic and cystographic findings are described. of the 37 patients, 9 were treated medically, 6 by nephrectomy, and 22 by ureteral reimplantation, involving, in some of the cases, an extravesical dissection of the ureter. PMID- 6529199 TI - [Malakoplakia]. AB - Malakoplakia is a fairly rare disease, normally found in women (four out of every five cases). It mainly attacks the urinary system, but may spread to the other viscera. The symptoms are not clinically specific. The main interest of the disease is its pathogenesis, from which its treatment is derived. It is in fact an immunological dysfunction of the phagocytes, leading to chemical disorders in the macrophages. Its treatment is based on the use of cholinergic agonists and vitamin C therapy. PMID- 6529200 TI - [Treatment of primary vesico-renal reflux in adults. Apropos of 41 cases]. AB - Between October 1970 and March 1983, forty one adults (thirty six women and five men) were treated for vesico-ureteral reflux. Fifteen were treated medically and twenty six surgically. In the latter category, four total nephrectomies were performed, one nephrectomy of the upper pole of a duplicated kidney, and twenty one antireflux ureterovesical reimplantations, involving thirty four ureters. The procedures used were Cohen's (26 cases) and Leadbetter-Politano (7 cases). The procedure used in one case is not recorded. The reflux was eliminated in all the cases, except one, which was a reoperation for ureteral stricture in a patient previously treated for reflux in another hospital. Of the sixteen patients with urinary infections, five remained infected despite the elimination of the reflux. IVP and isotopic exploration of kidney function revealed no postoperative change in the majority of the patients. Two patients, suffering from renal insufficiency preoperatively, required dialysis two and four years, respectively, after the elimination of the reflux. PMID- 6529201 TI - [Choice of a technic in the treatment of primary vesico-renal reflux in the adult]. AB - This article compares five techniques for the surgical management of primary vesicorenal reflux in adults, with reference thirty six cases. The techniques used were Bischoff (8), Lich-Gregoir (6), Politano-Leadbetter (8), Glenn-Anderson (10) and Cohen (4). Surgery provided good results in 30 cases and poor results in six. The best results were registered with the advancement techniques (Glenn Anderson and Cohen). PMID- 6529202 TI - [Pyelo-ureteral duplication and vesico-ureteral reflux]. AB - 106 children (76 girls and 30 boys) were treated for vesico-ureteric reflux in double upper urinary tracts. The results of different treatment protocols are discussed. Medical treatment is rarely successful. Partial or total nephrectomy is sometimes necessary because of very poor renal function. Cohen's technique for the "en bloc" ureterocystoneostomy of the two ureters seems to provide the best conservative treatment. But the results, which are good as far as the reflux is concerned, are often unsatisfactory because of the scarring of the renal parenchyma, especially as regards the inferior pole, and because of persistent urinary infection. PMID- 6529203 TI - [Spinal anesthesia in urology. Apropos of 2200 cases]. AB - The indications for rachianesthesia have been considerably widened in recent years in our department. The technique is particularly suitable for urological cases, and two thousand patients have been anesthetized in this way over the past four years, with a zero mortality rate. Complications were exceptional at operation, and postoperative complications consisted mainly of headaches. The incidence of these cases can be reduced by using very fine needles, and the are more frequent in the young than in older patients. There are few absolute contra indications, and they consist in coagulation problems, suppurative lesions of the lumbar region, evolutive medullar affections and a case history of Pott's disease. The advantage of rachidial over peridural anesthesia is the greater rapidity of the execution and installation. For this reason it seems to us the method of choice for relatively short and repetitive operations, and operations on elderly patients (it is preferable to avoid this method in young patients, because of the risk of headaches). We reserve peridural anesthesia more particularly for long operations requiring postoperative analgesia. PMID- 6529204 TI - [Primary vesico-ureteral reflux in adults. 1977-1982. Department experience of 6 years]. AB - The study of a series of 182 ureters (in 102 patients) treated in the Tripode Hospital, Bordeaux, highlights the following facts: as a diagnostic tool, cystography, if performed only once, is not reliable; on the other hand, isotopic cystography and endoscopic data are important adjuncts. As regards the management of these cases, 109 vesico-ureteric reimplantations were performed, 83 using Cohen's technique and 26 using Leadbetter's associated in some cases with a unicornous bladder. The results were excellent except in patients presenting with a severe renal insufficiency. Radical surgery was required in twenty cases. Fifty three patients were not treated surgically, but, when renal function is satisfactory, this attitude seems to offer more drawbacks than benefits. PMID- 6529205 TI - [Treatment of primary vesicorenal reflux in adults. Apropos of 71 case reports]. AB - The authors report a series of seventy one cases of vesico-renal reflux in adults. Renal scarring was present in 76% of the cases, and in 11.5%, the kidneys were destroyed. The reflux was eliminated in 95.5% of the cases treated by the Leadbetter-Politano, Cohen and Glenn Anderson procedures, but a failure rate of 26% was registered with the Lich Gregoir technique. 26.5% of the patients presented with persistent urinary tract infection six months after the successful surgical correction of the reflux. PMID- 6529206 TI - [Modification of the infectious state following surgical treatment of primary vesicorenal reflux in adults. Apropos of a series of 17 patients]. AB - Seventeen adult female patients with primary vesico-renal reflux were treated surgically (6 nephrectomies, 5 reimplantations and 3 ureteropelvic anastomoses). The risk of severe upper tract infection was eliminated in all seventeen cases, but lower urinary tract infection persisted in two cases. PMID- 6529207 TI - [Does correction of reflux delay the development of renal insufficiency?]. AB - Eighty patients have consulted for vesico-ureteric reflux over the past ten years, and the majority of them underwent surgery. Of these surgical patients, six presented with mild or acute renal failure. After a temporary aggravation of the renal failure, the antireflux procedure led to a prolonged stabilization of the renal function by eliminating the occurrence of acute recurrent pyelonephritis. Antireflux surgery would therefore seem justified and beneficial even in cases of renal failure. PMID- 6529208 TI - [Fielding's intervention in vesico-ureteral reflux and its limits]. AB - Vesico-ureteric reflux in adult patients with normal and dilated ureters (88 ureters) was treated surgically by Fielding's procedure. The authors describe this technique with their own modifications, and discuss the results. PMID- 6529209 TI - [Complications of ureterovesical reimplantation for acquired reflux. Apropos of 5 case reports]. AB - Basing themselves on five cases, the authors analyze the complications following vesico-ureteric surgery to correct reflux, such as other vesico-ureteric malformations, or septal complications associated with mechanical disorder, such as stenosis of the ureteral orifice or of the intramural ureter. The quality of the tissues may be the cause of certain setbacks. PMID- 6529212 TI - [The role of microsurgery in urology]. PMID- 6529210 TI - [Simplified technic of antereflux implantation of the ureters in total cystoprostatectomy with immediate replacement of the bladder by an ileal graft]. AB - The authors describe a simplified technique for a "ureter-intestinal graft" antireflux anastomosis in cystoprostatectomy, with immediate replacement of the ureter by an intestinal graft, using Camey's procedure. PMID- 6529213 TI - [Urodynamic studies of the upper urinary tract. I. Introduction and diagnosis of the obstruction]. AB - Present experience precludes any assertion as to what a urodynamic exploration of the upper urinary tract exactly comprises, and what the fundamental indications are, despite the many attempts already made, which the author recalls. After establishing the conceptual difference between obstruction and stasis, the author goes on to analyze the existing methods for identifying the existence of an obstruction in cases of chronic dilatation. Noninvasive methods, intravenous urography, diuretic urography, conventional and diuretic renography and analysis of the parenchymal transit time, are all probably successful in establishing the existence of an obstruction in 85 per cent of cases of chronic dilatation of the upper urinary tract; but these methods cannot be used to quantify the obstruction, or even identify it in certain specific cases. In order to quantify the obstruction, recourse must be had to invasive methods, and more particularly, in view of the limitations of basal and diuretic pyelomanometry, to combined pressure/flow studies. The author analyzes the two possibilities open for the application of these procedures (constant flow perfusion, or perfusion with a constant pressure) together with their advantages and drawbacks. PMID- 6529211 TI - [Long-term results of primary vesico-ureteral reflux from the distal ureter treated medically and surgically in children]. AB - The authors study fifty five cases of reflux, involving ninety five reno-ureteral units, with a followup of then to eighteen years. The renal injuries were invariably secondary to an infection. The fate of pyelonephritic kidneys was dramatic--out of a total of fifteen, only five showed normal growth, and the other ten showed a standard deviation of at least - 4; surgery does not prevent an adverse evolution. The lesions may appear postoperatively during the period of medical treatment (4 out of 70 in this series). Non-infected refluxes are not harmful, because of the possibility of compensating hypertrophy. Unsuccessful surgery does not compromise the fate of the kidney, because of early reoperation. The main factor in the prognosis is effective treatment as soon as the symptoms appear. PMID- 6529214 TI - [Pyelomanometry in obstructions of the upper urinary tract. Apropos of 26 cases]. AB - Pyelomanometry can be used in cases of ambiguous dilatation, to measure the pressure in the upper urinary tract during constant-flow perfusion through a percutaneous catheter (Whitaker's test). After recalling the principles of this method, and the technical procedure, the authors go on to discuss twenty six cases, analyzing the results, and comparing the advantages of this procedure with other methods of exploration. PMID- 6529215 TI - [Early failures in the creation of arteriovenous fistulas for hemodialysis in adults. Analysis of a series of 104 patients]. AB - The preoperative assessment required for the creation of a vascular access for hemodialysis is reviewed in relation to a series of 104 patients. The immediate or early failure rate works out at 11%, which is in line with the experience reported in the literature for other series. Emphasis is laid on the good results that can be obtained in polycystic disease, an on the difficulty of creating an access in patients under continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. The preoperative management of patients with chronic renal insufficiency is also discussed. PMID- 6529216 TI - [Urodynamic studies of the upper urinary tract. II. Pyelo-ureteral dilatation. Reversibility prediction test]. AB - For the correct performance of upper urinary tract repairs, it is essential to use methods which provide the necessary information concerning the potential reversability of the dilatation. This article analyzes the physiopathological foundations on which these methods must be based, and comments on the different procedures in common practice, such as the concept of radiological tonicity, peroperative histology, and preoperative draining. Special mention is made of anterograde urometry associated with simultaneous dynamic radiology, which provide precise information concerning the intraluminal pressure and the muscularization of the ureteral wall. PMID- 6529217 TI - [The use of a Buselmeier shunt as initial vascular access for repeat hemodialysis]. AB - The construction of an arteriovenous fistula is not always immediately feasible. Temporary recourse to a Buselmeier shunt and the subsequent conversion of the shunt into an arteriovenous fistula, using the same vessels, provides an economy of the vascular sites. This technique precludes the need for permanent or frequent recourse to central venous catheters. PMID- 6529218 TI - [Coralliform lithiasis in children. Apropos of 20 case reports]. AB - The authors recall the characteristics of infantile staghorn calculus, in relation to twenty personal cases. The complaint is more frequently encountered in boys than in girls. A frequent etiology is proteus urinary infection. The morphology of the staghorn and the state of the parenchyma are determining factors in the treatment. A sinusoid morphology and thickness of the renal parenchyma are operative indications. The bivalving operation is exceptional. Results are generally satisfactory (80% of cases), and recurrences are rare. PMID- 6529220 TI - [Psychodynamic approach to sex disorders]. AB - When treating patients with sexual disorders, the necessary distinction between organic and functional dysfunction is far from being sufficient in itself, and may even inspire an over-inflexible and rigid therapeutic attitude. The psychodynamic approach sets out to take into consideration the patient's appeal in its entirety, including the symptoms described. In psychodynamic theory, sexotherapy is one form of psychotherapy, but the therapeutic attitude will not be fundamentally modified by the fact that a disorder is functional or organic. PMID- 6529219 TI - [Urogenital complications of abdominoperineal resection of the rectum for cancer]. AB - While operative traumas of the excretory tract are rare, mictional and sexual sequelae often complicate rectal resections for cancer. Although relatively rare, mictional disorders, which mainly affect males, are as often neurogenic as obstructive, and are, in that event, frequently due to iatrogenic urethral stenoses. The neurogenic disorders require an extremely sensitive semiological analysis before contemplating the slightest procedure on the prostate, which may provoke definitive urinary incontinence. Retrograde ejaculation and impotence are frequent, and the latter can be attenuated by a penial prosthesis. PMID- 6529221 TI - [Pyonephrosis: a symptom manifesting a ureteral tumor. Apropos of 4 case reports]. AB - The author reports four cases of unilateral pyonephrosis revealing ureteral tumors. None of the patients presented with a case history of hematuria. Retrograde ureteropyelography, using Chevassu's method, was suggestive of a ureteral tumor which was in fact discovered at operation. Frozen sections identified the type of tumor involved: a urothelial carcinoma. PMID- 6529222 TI - [The "trouser" technic in the correction of megaureter]. AB - The tailoring normally used in the management of mega-ureter sometimes leads to setbacks as a result of ischemia. In order to attenuate this risk, the author advocates a longitudinal incision, 4 to 6 cm in length, in the middle of the terminal ureter, giving two thin ureteral tubes like a bifid caudal ureter. This leads to a minimal disturbance of the vascularization. It also provides less interference in the emptying of the ureter than the tailoring technique. PMID- 6529223 TI - [Surgery of vesico-ureteral reflux: outcome for the nonrefluxing side]. AB - Thirty seven patients have been hospitalized for vesico-ureteral reflux (VUR) at the Clinique Urologique de l'Hopital Cochin between january 1978 and december 1982. Sixteen unilateral VUR have been treated by conservative surgery; in 14 cases the rebuilding of the uretero-vesical (UV) junction has been unilateral, twice a reflux appeared at the controlateral UV junction after operation. The case for bilateral surgery in an apparently unilateral VUR is discussed. As a rule, we only perform surgery on UV junction units with a documented reflux (even once and even long ago). PMID- 6529224 TI - [Surgery of vesico-ureteral reflux: results on infections]. AB - Thirty five patients operated between january 1978 and december 1982 at the Clinique Urologique de l'Hopital Cochin has suffered of recurrent urinary tract infection (UIT); 30 of them had had acute pyelonephritis. After surgery 30 patients have no longer any reflux (homo- or controlateral). Seven of them keep lower UTI, one has had 1 attack of acute pyelonephritis. Nine records had to been rejected. These results are in accordance with the medical literature: the surgical treatment of reflux prevents nearly all acute pyelonephritis and about two third of lower UTI. PMID- 6529225 TI - [Are retinoids of value in bladder tumors? Pharmacological study and literature review]. AB - Retinoids are vitamin A derivatives with a modified final radical, lateral chain or initial cycle. Their action on malignant cells is not fully known, but probably consists of the control of cell growth and differentiation. Experiments suggest that retinoids are non-toxic, and that they are far more effective against severe lesions than against dysplasia. Their effect is dose-related and dependent on the type of carcinogen. PMID- 6529226 TI - [Vesicoprostatic sarcomas]. AB - The authors report three cases of prostatic sarcoma. One patient had been treated with chlorambucil, and another with cyclophosphamide, which may explain certain etiopathogenic theories. In fact, it has been demonstrated that ultrastructural studies are an essential factor in the classification of these sarcoma for which the prognosis is very poor. PMID- 6529227 TI - [Association of familial polycystic renal disease with a primary megaureter detected in a young girl of 14]. AB - The author reports a case of primary mega-ureter in a 14 year old girl, associated with a familial polycystic disease of the kidney. This association has no incidence on the surgical management of the mega-ureter. The operation consists in a ureterovesical reimplantation by a transvesical approach after remodelling of the ureters, using Hendren's procedure. PMID- 6529228 TI - [Thyroid metastasis of a kidney cancer]. AB - The authors report a case of multiple thyroid metastases in a patient who had undergone excision of a renal adenocarcinoma eight years previously. At the first operation, there had been no sign of any metastases. A benign thyroid adenoma was also found. PMID- 6529229 TI - [Late and unexpected detection of a urinary complication of an intrapelvic fracture of the acetabulum]. AB - This case concerns a 54 year old man presenting with septicemia, which was diagnosed as a fibrous ureteral stenosis consecutive to an intrapelvic dislocation of the acetabulum twenty years before. The unnoticed ureteral lesion consisted in a retraction through the acetabulum after the reduction of the dislocation. The lesion was treated by a ureterovesical reimplantation on a vesical psoas hitch, and led to partial recovery of renal function. PMID- 6529230 TI - [Diagnostic and prognostic contribution of electromyography in postoperative incontinence in men]. AB - The authors have drawn up a classification of sphincteral lesions, using electromyographic criteria, with the aid of electromyograms of the striated sphincter of the urethra in forty eight patients treated surgically for prostatic adenoma, and presenting with postoperative incontinence persisting for more than eight days after removal of the catheter. This classification in turn serves as a basis for the drawing up of prognostic criteria for these incontinences, treated by electrotherapy. PMID- 6529231 TI - [Urinary malformations in synostoses of the cervical vertebrae (Klippel-Feil syndrome). Apropos of 35 cases]. AB - A study of 35 cases of congenital fusion of the cervical vertebrae demonstrated the high incidence of its association with urinary anomalies (52 per cent). More than half of these cases concerned unilateral kidney defects. The urinary anomalies are normally asymptomatic, but there is always the risk of chronic renal failure, and preventive surgery may be necessary. It is therefore advisable to make a systematic practice of obtaining ultrasound examinations and intravenous urograms. There are many other possible associated anomalies, which are often the first to be noted and lead to the discovery of the vertebral and urinary malformations. The authors define Klippel-Feil syndrome as the synostosis of two or more cervical vertebrae. PMID- 6529232 TI - [Coagulum technic for removal of kidney calix calculi]. AB - Coagulum pyelolithotomy is a useful adjunct for the extraction of renal caluli. This article describes a simplified technique using cryoprecipitated plasma, thrombin and calcium chloride. The method has been tested in vitro with twenty cadaver kidneys filled with stones. The results are analyzed. The technique is of definite interest when performed under the conditions described. The excellent results for patients make it very valuable. The limitations and advantages of the technique are discussed. PMID- 6529233 TI - [Peyronie's disease. Hemodynamic and morphological conditions and treatment. Apropos of 14 cases]. AB - A study of fourteen cases of Peyronie's disease with an evaluation of the hemodynamics of the erectile function shows that erectile dysfunction, as a complication, is mainly due to abnormal venous drainage from the corpora cavernosa. This article discusses the therapeutical conclusions to be drawn, in the light of the results of seven operations. PMID- 6529234 TI - [Treatment of complex incontinence in the female by sub-urethral injections of teflon paste]. AB - This article reports a case of stress incontinence associated with ureteral ectopia, which was successfully treated by periurethral injection of teflon paste. The results were good twenty months later. PMID- 6529235 TI - [The "double J" endo-ureteral prosthesis. Experience apropos of 21 cases]. AB - Following Finney's work on the subject, the authors propose an endo-ureteral diversion using the new double J ureteral catheter stent. In the light of their experience of 21 cases, the authors stress the speed and simplicity of this very minor operation, and propose wider indications. PMID- 6529236 TI - [Acute hydronephrosis in children]. AB - Out of 350 cases of hydronephrosis due to malformation of the ureteropelvic junction, seventeen were acute. Two of these cases, localized in a single kidney, induced anuria in one case, and rupture of the kidney in the other (a baby aged 17 days). The fifteen other cases were revealed by an extremely painful symptomatology, which might have led to severe diagnostic errors. The diagnosis relies on IVU during the period of pain, visualizing a kidney which is barely functioning, if at all. An aberrant vessel was found on the lower pole in 75 per cent of cases, but this, like infection, is only an aggravating factor, though infection may necessitate temporary diversion by cutaneous nephrostomy. All fifteen patients were treated by ureteropelvic resection, and the results were always better than for chronic hydronephrosis because the calicopelvic dilatation is reversible in acute hydronephrosis, and the renal parenchyma still function correctly. PMID- 6529237 TI - [Developmental aspect of renal suppurations. Apropos of 2 cases]. AB - The authors set out to differentiate between two types of renal parenchymal suppuration in the light of two personal cases treated recently - renal abscess and localized acute bacterial nephritis (LABN), which is perhaps no more than a preliminary stage in the formation of a renal abscess. Case 1 concerns a LABN, diagnosed by CT scan. The treatment was purely medical and monitoring scans show no anomalies. Case 2 was a gathered abscess, also diagnosed by CT scan, and treated by surgical drainage. The interest of the differentiation between these two types of suppuration is essentially therapeutic. Once gathered, the abscess must be drained surgically, whereas the LABN can be treated medically, with close supervision to ensure complete cure. The differential diagnosis between the two is mainly by scanner, with a study of the respective densities. PMID- 6529238 TI - [Urethral stricture: single-stage urethroplasty by a free skin flap]. AB - A single-stage procedure involving the use of a free skin flap for the correction of urethral strictures was performed on eighteen patients. In this series, the strictures were mainly located in the region of the bulbar urethra. Good results were obtained in fourteen cases (80 per cent) out of the eighteen, with a two year followup, or less. The method is simple and effective. In the authors' experience, it has provided a higher success rate than any other procedure described to date. In view of this high success rate, and the equivalent successes reported in the literature, the authors consider that this technique, and urethrotomy, constitute the treatment of choice for urethral stenosis. PMID- 6529239 TI - [Value of an ostomy club for patient followup after total cystectomy]. AB - Patients using stoma appliances after a total cystectomy undergo a considerable psychological shock. The creation of groups of ostomates helps in the dissemination of information concerning the use of stomal appliances and in the building up of user confidence, thereby facilitating a return to a normal everyday life. Our main aim is to organize regular meetings of stoma appliance users, with frequent visits from former cystectomy patients. The usefulness of these clubs has been amply demonstrated by the introduction of the training of enterostomal therapists, the collaboration offered by the appliance manufacturers and the interest manifested by surgeons and urologists. PMID- 6529240 TI - [Surgical significance of Denonvillier's aponeurosis]. AB - This article provides a macroscopic and microscopic anatomical study of the structure of Denonvilliers' fascia, and suggests that it is embryologically connected with the anlage of the Wolffian duct, prostate and trigone. PMID- 6529241 TI - [Pelvic lipomatosis]. AB - Pelvic lipomatosis is a rare disease characterized by an abnormal accumulation of adipose tissues around the pelvic organs. The symptoms are vague and non specific. The diagnosis is facilitated by typical radiological features. CT scanning is extremely useful and typical. The course of the disease is usually benign in older men, but may be dangerous in the young; it may require diversion. PMID- 6529242 TI - [Treatment of idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis: ureterolysis of corticoid therapy?]. AB - Steroid therapy has been used as a treatment for idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis for the past ten years and more. In 14 out of a series of 19 patients, this treatment was well-tolerated and successful. It acts quickly. The results of medical treatment compare favorably with those of surgical ureterolysis. In the authors' view, steroid therapy is therefore the treatment of choice for this complaint, and surgical management should be confined to the relatively rare setbacks of medical treatment, and to patients who do not tolerate steroids. PMID- 6529243 TI - [Pancreatitis: a little-known cause of ureteral obstruction]. AB - Left ureteral stenosis induced by pancreatitis was observed in one case. Five similar cases have been reported in the literature. Ureteral obstructions may be found in two clinical contexts--patent pancreatitis or retroperitoneal fibrosis. The ureter may be simply compressed mechanically, or there may also be enzymatic or ischemic necrosis. The clinical approach should be directed towards treating primarily the pancreatitis and secondarily the urological pathology. As regards the urological treatment, ureterolysis or ilio-ureteroplasty are indicated in cases of organized irreversible ureteral stenosis. PMID- 6529244 TI - [Bladder tumors: prognostic value of surface antigens and carcinoembryonic antigens. A retrospective study]. AB - Seven patients presenting with recurrent diffuse, non-infiltrating tumors of the bladder were treated for several years by repeated endo-urethral resection, because radical exeresis was not possible. Each operative specimen was subjected to examination of the ABH blood-group antigens, pneumo-14 precursor, and carcino embryonic antigens. The authors emphasize the prognostic interest of such studies. PMID- 6529245 TI - [Acute urine retention due to stenosis of the urethral meatus in the adult male]. AB - This article reports a case of urethral meatal stenosis and acute urinary retention in an adult male with no previous urological case history. Intravenous pyelography showed a full bladder and dilatation of the urethra. An emergency meatotomy was required, and intermittent dilatation will no doubt be necessary. PMID- 6529246 TI - [Tumors of the kidney and pregnancy]. AB - The authors report two cases of angiomyolipomas which ruptured in the course of pregnancy, and a case of renal cancer revealed in pregnancy by arterial hypertension. Starting out from a review of the literature, they discuss the effects of pregnancy on the development of kidney tumors, and the corresponding diagnostic and therapeutic problems. PMID- 6529247 TI - [Anuria in pregnancy, an unusual form of obstruction of the upper urinary tract]. AB - This article concerns a case of anuria in a pregnant woman, apparently caused by compression of the urinary tract. The case is compared to the behavior of the excretory tract during a normal pregnancy. Four similar cases, taken from the literature are also discussed. PMID- 6529248 TI - [Urodynamic study of urinary incontinence appearing in the fifth month of pregnancy and persisting after delivery. The role of progesterone]. AB - The authors report a case which highlights the role of progesterone in stress incontinence. On the other hand, slight defects of the urethral sphincter do not prevent a return to normal continence. PMID- 6529249 TI - [Examples of signs of biogenic decomposition in bones long buried]. AB - This investigation is based on twenty human bones, which mostly were stained red, black and violet, and always showed special dead bone decomposition, strictly limited to the stained areas. Histological examinations, biochemical and physical analysis in combination with microbiological isolation and cultivation tests could limit the cause of these phenomena to the biogenous sector--in this case microorganisms--and enabled the formulation of the following model on biogenous dead bone decomposition: Microorganisms are able to grow on buried bone by superficial settlement and invasion of physiological cavities. By means of excretion of enzymatic and acid metabolites for extracorporal dissociation of utilizable sources of energy the structural integrity of the tissue will be destructed. If this process is limited to the nearby environment of the growing organism, this leads to production of specific osteolysis (microscopical focal destruction). Expanded diffusion of enzymatic metabolites leads to leaching and departure of organic components, without producing microscopical focal destruction. The result is a shrinkage of the left material, that sometimes reminds of thermical influences. On the other side, an acidification of the medium by saprophagous microorganisms may lead to fractional crystallization of the mineral components by means of brushite-genesis. The result is further structural decomposition. In addition, the invading microorganism may excrete staining and fluorescing secondary metabolites into the bone, and impregnate the tissue durable. These processes are favoured in nearly isolated systems, like in crypts and stone coffins. PMID- 6529250 TI - A study of nasolacrimal canal in crania from Uttar Pradesh (India). AB - The length of the nasolacrimal canal and the diameter of its superior aperture were measured in 200 adult skulls from Uttar Pradesh (India). The mean length of the right and left canals were 2.15 cm and 2.39 cm, respectively. The antero posterior diameter of the superior aperture is more than that of the transverse diameter in both the sides. The right canal has got a larger transverse diameter. But its antero-posterior diameter is less than that of the left side. The correlations between the various measurements were calculated. A positive correlation between the canal length and the nose length has been observed. PMID- 6529251 TI - A study of correlations and estimation of stature from hand length, hand breadth and sole length. AB - An attempt is made to find out possible correlations amongst hand length, hand breadth (stretched) and sole length and to derive a regression formula to estimate stature from them. The study was based on the measurement of 100 Nigerian adult male medical students of the Jos Medical School, Nigeria, between the ages of 20-30 years. The results show that there are significant correlations between the stature of an individual and hand length, hand breadth and sole length. PMID- 6529252 TI - [Head measurements and body height in 18 to 20-year-old males in a West German population (Dusseldorf district)]. PMID- 6529253 TI - Age changes and comparison of somatotypes during 20 to 80 years in Jat-Sikh and Bania females of Punjab (India). AB - The research paper deals with the age changes and comparison of somatotype components of Jat-Sikh and Bania females during 20 to 80 years. The former community is traditionally engaged in farming, while the latter is specialized in business and commerce. Anthropometric data on 502 Jat-Sikh and 510 Bania females have been collected from different villages and cities of Punjab. Each subject has been somatotyped using the Heath-Carter method (Heath & Carter, 1967). The Bania females have higher ratings of endo- and mesomorphic components than Jat Sikh females at all ages, but the differences are significant only up to the sixties. The ectomorphic component is significantly larger in Jat-Sikh females at all ages. The different physical activity, dietary habits, and genetical factors may be responsible for a different physique of the two communities. The changes in somatotypes with age are of a minor nature. Significant differences exist in only a few groups. The endomorphic component remains dominant throughout the period of study in both the communities. PMID- 6529254 TI - Intra-familial correlations of dermatoglyphic traits in South Sinai Bedouins. AB - Correlation coefficients for some dermatoglyphic traits of the Muzeina Bedouins of South Sinai were determined in sib-sib, father-son, father-daughter, mother son and mother-daughter comparisons. From among approximately 3000 members of the tribe, 60 male sib-sib pairs and 33 parental pairs, each with one son and one daughter, were selected for examination. The dermatoglyphic traits included finger pattern types, ridge counts with their intra-individual variability and bilateral asymmetry, and the incidence of palmar patterns. In such a small, biologically isolated and consanguineous population, the correlation coefficients for the diverse dermatoglyphic traits are expected to show some peculiarities. In general, we found them to be lower than in other populations. The difference is small for the complex traits with a multifactorial genetic determination, and more pronounced for the traits with a simpler genetic base. With diminution in the number of genes participating in the realization of a trait, the father mother correlations increase owing to the intense consanguinity. PMID- 6529255 TI - Distribution of the ABO and LH blood groups in the Jat Sikh and Harijans (Punjab, India). PMID- 6529256 TI - Morphological taxonomy of little-differentiated Hyphomycetes. AB - Morphological taxonomy of simple Hyphomycetes is complicated by the frequent occurrence of pleoanamorphism. In some groups of yeast-like fungi, uncommon synanamorphs are diagnostic. Differences in conidiogenesis do not always delimit natural groups. Some nomenclatural problems are mentioned, with an emphasis on the need of neotypification. Prospects are sketched for future taxonomic research. PMID- 6529257 TI - The relationship between salt intake and preferences for different salt levels in soup. AB - Two experiments are reported with subjects divided according to questionnaire responses into low and high total sodium intake, and low and high table salt use. The stimuli were tomato soup with varying salt concentrations. In Experiment 1 these were rated for salt intensity, pleasantness and intensity relative to ideal. In Experiment 2 the stimuli were presented in restricted concentration ranges or using a method designed to minimise range bias; relative-to-ideal intensity rating was again used. Subjects with a high total intake were found to prefer higher concentrations of salt assessed both with the hedonic and relative to-ideal intensity ratings, though not with restricted stimulus ranges. Subjects with high table salt use were found to prefer higher concentrations only when assessed using the hedonic ratings. Sensitivity to salt taste was not found to differ between the groups. PMID- 6529258 TI - Acceptance of sweet and salty tastes in 2-year-old children. AB - Taste acceptability, determined by volume of taste substances consumed during brief presentations, was assessed in 63 black 2-year-old children who had previously been tested at birth and at 6 months of age. Intake of sucrose solutions during taste tests was related to prior dietary exposure to sugar water. Children who had been regularly fed sugar water by their mothers consumed more sucrose solutions but not more water than did children whose mothers did not feed them sugar water. However, when these children were tested with sucrose in a fruit-flavored drink base, prior exposure to sugar water was unrelated to consumption of sweetened or unsweetened fruit-flavored drink. Thus, the apparent effects of dietary exposure on sucrose acceptability were specific to the medium in which sucrose was dissolved. Studies with sucrose solutions also revealed a significant correlation between sucrose acceptability determined at 6 months and at 2 years of age. Another series of tests evaluated response to salt with soup and carrots. Individual children who ingested more salty than plain soup also tended to ingest more salty compared with plain carrots. However, measures of salt consumption and salt usage obtained from mothers were unrelated to individual differences in acceptability of salty foods. PMID- 6529259 TI - Anticipatory salivary flow to the sight of different foods. AB - Anticipatory salivary flow was measured to the sight of seven foods that varied in texture, composition and palatability. In one experiment, subjects consumed the test foods that were viewed. This group was tested both during conditions of hunger and satiation. In a second experiment, subjects were instructed that they would not consume the foods that were viewed. Salivary responses were not related to the anticipated palability of the test foods but rather appeared to be related to the physical and chemical properties of the foods. Pizza, chocolate cake and gelatin were rated as highly palatable, but significant salivary increases occurred only with pizza. Of all the test foods, the greatest salivary flow increases were observed to the sight of lemon slices and pizza, and both foods contain sour or pungent ingredients. Hunger state and the expectation of consuming the test foods did not systematically affect the pattern or magnitude of salivary responses. PMID- 6529260 TI - Pleasantness changes and food intake in a varied four-course meal. AB - Satiety can be specific to a food which has been eaten. This is shown by a decrease in the pleasantness of foods eaten relative to foods which have not been eaten. The aim of the present experiment was to determine whether this specificity still remained after a meal with a very different food in each of four courses. Forty-eight human subjects were given a four-course lunch with either a different food in each course (varied meal), or the same food in each course (plain meal). Energy intake was elevated by 60% in the varied meal primarily because of the increase food consumption in the third and fourth courses. The pleasantness of the taste of foods eaten decreased rapidly, whereas the pleasantness of foods which had not been eaten remained relatively unchanged. The change in pleasantness of a food correlated well with the subsequent intake of that food. Therefore, sensory-specific satiety is still found after eating four different courses in a meal and general satiety does not result. Some selective interactions between different foods were also found. For example, when a savory food was eaten, the pleasantness of (uneaten) savory foods decreased more than that of (uneaten) sweet foods. The converse was found when sweet foods were eaten. It is concluded that sensory-specific satiety and the effect of variety in enhancing food intake can operate throughout a meal with four very different foods, and that there are interactions between foods similar in savoriness or sweetness. PMID- 6529261 TI - Effects of information about specific nutrient content on ratings of "goodness" and "pleasantness" of common foods. AB - In a study of the effects of information concerning nutrient content on ratings of foods, subjects (247 male and female school students aged 13-14 years) rated a list of 21 common foods on two scales "good for you" and "pleasant", either without prior information (control group) or after being shown, and asked to memorize, a classification of the foods as "high" "medium" and "low" in terms of a specified nutrient. There were five experimental groups, each receiving classificatory information about a different nutrient (iron, protein, carbohydrate, calorie or fat). Compared with controls, experimental subjects rated the value of the foods in a way corresponding more closely with the specific classification presented to them. Ratings of pleasantness, however, showed no such consistent effects. These findings are interpreted in terms of models of attitudinal judgement concerned with factors influencing the salience to individuals of different stimulus attributes. Implications for the effects of selective information on judgements are discussed, with specific reference to advertising and nutrition education. PMID- 6529262 TI - Hunger and palatability: tracking ratings of subjective experience before, during and after the consumption of preferred and less preferred food. AB - This study investigated the effects of palatability on ratings of hunger and other states, food preferences, bodily sensations, feelings and moods. Assessments of these were made before, during and after 12 healthy female subjects ate small equicaloric meals of either highly preferred of less preferred food. The sight of highly preferred food markedly increased subjects' rated desire to eat and this elevation was maintained during consumption. Hunger ratings were also elevated but only during consumption of the highly preferred food and to a smaller extent. There was no effect of the palatability of the food on rated feelings of fullness. Two hours after the meal, ratings of desire to eat and hunger were significantly higher after consumption of highly preferred food. This effect did not occur after eating less preferred food. Feelings of general positive affect, which followed the highly preferred meal, did not occur with the less preferred food. These findings throw light on the nature of the rated expression of hunger and on other terms used in describing dispositions to eat. PMID- 6529263 TI - Morphodynamic response of the pineal gland to initial stress attack. AB - The influence of an initial stress attack (a subcutaneous saline injection plus rough handling) on the morphofunctional behaviour of the pineal gland was studied. Both light and electron microscopy pointed to an enhanced endocrine activity on the gland parenchyma. The occurrence of the clusters of highly activated light pinealocytes, as well as the appearance of two functionally different types of these cells, revealed that the introduction of the pineal gland to a new stress-induced steady state was based on the gradual promotion of a number of pinealocytes to the level of a high activity. Dark pinealocytes were less numerous and rather engaged in the synthesis than in the secretion. The ultrastructural characteristics of both pinealocyte populations show that the pineal gland meets the secretory demands upon an initial stress attack by a striking discharge of its active compounds and a successive activation of a new elaborative cycle. The morphodynamic conclusion about an enhanced pineal gland secretory activity is fully evaluated in the change of the rate of prolactin surge. A possible impact of the morphodynamic reactivity of the endocrine parenchyma of the pineal gland upon the functional interpretation of the morphological properties of pinealocytes in case of some manipulative procedures with animals was discussed. PMID- 6529264 TI - [Pediatric extragonadal teratomas. Apropos of 68 cases from 1958 to 1978]. PMID- 6529265 TI - [Sarcomas of nervous origin]. PMID- 6529266 TI - [A method of semiautomatic quantimetry in urinary cytology. Apropos of 28 cases]. PMID- 6529267 TI - [Congenital cutaneous, pleural and intestinal disseminated lymphangiectasis]. PMID- 6529268 TI - [Value for the clinician of a diagnostic reliability index in positive breast cytopunctures]. PMID- 6529269 TI - [Screening cytology and genital actinomycosis]. PMID- 6529270 TI - [Colposcopic aspects of amyloid substance deposits in the uterine cervix. Apropos of 2 cases]. PMID- 6529271 TI - [Cytologic diagnosis by transcutaneous puncture of primary retroperitoneal tumors. Apropos of 7 cases]. PMID- 6529272 TI - [Tangier disease]. PMID- 6529273 TI - [Characterization of the vector capacity of Glossinia morsitans morsitans (Diptera: Glossinidae) towards Trypanosoma brucei brucei EATRO 1125 (AnTAR 1)]. PMID- 6529274 TI - Malignant neoplasms 1971-1983 in Northeastern Zaire, with particular reference to Kaposi's sarcoma and malignant melanoma. PMID- 6529275 TI - [Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and homozygote sickle cell anemia. Apropos of a Zairian case]. PMID- 6529276 TI - [Prevalence of endemic yaws in southern Benin in 1982]. PMID- 6529277 TI - Haemoglobin and packed cell volume measurement: the reliability of some simple techniques for use in surveys or rural hospitals. PMID- 6529278 TI - [Physiologic performance of Glossinia morsitans morsitans hatched from imported pupae]. PMID- 6529279 TI - [Intestinal S. mansoni schistosomiasis. Round table of the Leopold II Clinic]. PMID- 6529280 TI - The current state of peripheral nerve surgery in the upper limb. AB - The basic principles of nerve repair are still valid. Modern technique has resulted in greater interest and confidence in nerve grafting than before. Vast mobilization to achieve neurorrhaphy by force is obsolete. If there is a defect and coaptation difficult, the nerve graft is the answer. If the surgeon, performing primary surgery, has decided to accept tension, he should use a technique which enables him to do so, this is trunk-to-trunk coaptation with epineural stitches. On the other hand microsurgery permits isolation of fascicles and fascicle groups and dissection within the nerve. This makes a more accurate coaptation possible. If the surgeon decides to perform such an operation, surgical manipulation has to be minimized and, therefore, tension should be completely avoided. Microsurgery provides the tools to operate within the nerve without punishment by strong tissue reaction. A differentiated approach to the problem of lesion in continuity is possible, allowing evaluation of large fascicles or fascicle groups in dependently instead of a rather global evaluation of the whole trunk. PMID- 6529281 TI - The unified concept of carpal injuries. AB - The classification of injuries to the wrist using a unified concept of mechanism of injury based on a hyperextension mechanism provides a means of understanding the spectrum of wrist injuries. The compressive forces acting after injury induce collapse deformities which if unrecognized, result in permanent weakness and limitation of motion. Careful examination and awareness of the spectrum of wrist injuries allows consideration of optimal treatment. PMID- 6529282 TI - Implant arthroplasty in the hand and wrist. An update. AB - The authors present a classification of the implant materials available, the basic types of implants, their fixation and the basic methods of implant arthroplasty used in the hand and wrist. PMID- 6529283 TI - The surgical treatment of the rheumatoid wrist. Current perspectives. AB - The authors stress the prevalence and severity of wrist involvement in rheumatoid disease. Improved knowledge of aetiopathogenesis and deformities had led to identification of the importance of the distal consequences on the digital joints of decentralization of the wrist. Synovectomy retains an important place at the onset of the disease. This may be completed by stabilization procedures (tendon transfer and partial arthrodesis). At the advanced stage of the disease, arthroplasty is currently overtaking arthrodesis. Interposition arthroplasty, with its rare indications, is now well developed. Although the solution of the future, arthroplasties lack sufficient follow up in terms of their results. The Swanson implant offers limited mobility but ensures freedom from pain and a good wrist axis. The ideal treatment of the rheumatoid wrist is oriented towards early conservative surgery and later, at an advanced stage, towards arthroplasty, the ideal technique of which remains to be discovered. PMID- 6529284 TI - The infantile spastic hand. Surgical indications and management. AB - The infantile spastic hand represents a complex problem that can be improved by surgery when surgery is properly indicated and performed candidates for surgical reconstruction must be carefully selected according to general and local characteristics. PMID- 6529285 TI - Current state of flexor tendon surgery. AB - Successful restoration of function after flexor tendon injuries continues to present a challenge to the treating surgeon. Primary repair of tendon and associated injuries is the treatment of choice in clean wounds in all zones of the hand. In cases of untidy wounds or when associated injuries preclude primary repair, delayed primary or secondary repair may be performed. Tendon grafting in one or two stages is reserved for late secondary cases in which scarring of the bed, loss of pulleys, permanent retraction of the tendon ends, or joint contractures prevent direct repair. Meticulous attention to detail such as adequate exposure, careful opening and closing of the sheath, gentle handling of the tendons, a secure, smooth tendon juncture and proper postoperative splinting is essential for a successful outcome of direct repair. Tendon grafts done as a secondary procedure require the same attention to minutiae for an adequate functional outcome. PMID- 6529286 TI - Some thoughts on the current state of treatment of the upper limb in traumatic tetraplegia. AB - Traumatic tetraplegia often affects healthy young men. The medullary lesion is located at C6 in 75% of cases. The author on the basis of 20 years of experience believes it possible to improve independence and life quality by surgical procedures such as tendon transfers, which are the most often used, for restoring two important functions: active elbow extension and active hand grip. The restoration of elbow extension is accomplished by Moberg's procedure of transferring the posterior tendon of the deltoid onto the triceps. The results are very satisfactory. To restore hand grip the author makes use of the first radial tendon transferred onto the deep common flexor, and for the thumb, the long supinator onte the long flexor of the thumb. Definite functional improvement was found in 33 of 45 cases. PMID- 6529287 TI - Current state of treatment of Dupuytren's disease. AB - On overview is present which briefly summarizes the incidence, pathology and natural progress of Dupuytren's Disease. The importance of recognizing the Dupuytren diathesis in planning the surgical treatment, the importance of conservatism in initiating surgery, and the principles of surgical management including dermofasciectomy are presented, and it is once again stressed that a distinction exists between recurrence and extension of Dupuytren's Disease post operatively. PMID- 6529288 TI - Severe metacarpophalangeal sprain of the thumb in ski accidents. 125 surgical repairs in group of 340 cases of metacarpophalangeal sprains from ski accidents. AB - In more than 12,000 ski accidents seen during 15 winter seasons (1968-1983), 340 cases of metacarpophalangeal sprains of the thumb were encountered. One hundred fifty-nine were labeled as severe, and 125 of these involving the ulnar slope of the articulation were operated as very urgent or urgent. Three types of anatomic lesions were seen at operation. Capsulo-ligamentous lesions are the most frequent (70%), followed by avulsions of large fragments from the base of teh first phalanx attached to the ulnar ligament as well as to the palmar structures (30%). Finally the true fracture of B. Stener is altogether exceptional (1 in 125). Then follows in detail the operative procedures and long term results, which confirm the excellent prognosis of this group of lesions operated early. PMID- 6529289 TI - Swanson trapezial implant in the treatment of peritrapezial arthrosis. A study of eighty cases. AB - Eighty cases of peritrapezial arthritis of the thumb treated by Swanson's trapezial implant have been reviewed by the authors. They advocate a slightly modified technique and emphasize the importance of "varisation" of the implant and of correct resection of the greater multangular bone. Follow-up was at least one year in all cases, maximum 10 years, the mean being 3 1/2 years. Results were judged as very good in 75% of the cases, fair in 20% and poor in 5%. This study emphasized the cases of failure by implant instability and its causes. In 8 cases, abnormal wear of the implant or of the scaphoid bone raises the question of long-term tolerance of silicone implants. PMID- 6529290 TI - Toe-to-hand transfers in reconstructive surgery of the hand. Experience with seventy-one cases. AB - Based on a homogeneous series of 71 toe-to-hand transfers performed between February 1975 and December 1982 the same surgeon, the authors have tried to define their present day indications. Technical modifications have been described for the second toe transfer : isolated dorsal approach of the toe with early stage resection of the second metatarsal bone, utilisation of the plantar metatarsal artery of the second interosseous space, utilisation of the volar vessels for the anastomosis at the recipient site, dorsal subcutaneous tunnel for the venous anastomosis of the hand. Aside from the usual indications for thumb reconstruction (11 cases) and 26 cases of transfers for reconstruction in long finger injuries, the indications for partial transfers have become more and more frequent : pulpar (9 cases), pulp + bone + nail (10 cases), isolated nail (1 case), nail + bone (2 cases), first web space (1 case), double twisted toe (5 cases) and articular (6 cases) transfers. PMID- 6529291 TI - Controlled postoperative mobilization of sutured extension tendons of the long fingers. AB - The authors describe a technique of controlled postoperative mobilization of extensor apparatus. They make use of Levame splint in all injuries of extensor tendons of the last four fingers except for "mallet finger" and "buttonhole". This technique is issued of the so called Kleinert primary suture technic for flexor-tendons and its effectiveness was controlled by electromyography. The Levame splint is used for thirty days and the active flexion is immediately authorized. From 1976 to 1981, 80 cases were treated with this technique and no rupture had happened, and the good results amount to 86%. PMID- 6529292 TI - Vascular anatomy of the pisiformis bone. AB - The authors examined 41 dried pisiform specimens; it was found that the vascular apertures were situated on the lateral aspect, in the proximal half of the ridge occupied by the ulnar artery, on the medial aspect and at the distal tip of the bone. An average number of 6.9 foramina were encountered, their mean diameter attained 40/100 mm. In 34 injected specimens the nutrient vessels of the pisiforme were traced from the ulnar artery and its carpal dorsal and deep volar branches; all the tiny bony twigs anastomosed with one another and contributed to an arterial circle running around the pisiforme. The carpal dorsal artery which provides at least 2 descending branches toward the proximal tip of the bone, can be called the main pedicle; when its superficial branches are ligated, the pedicle is long enough (3 cm) to make the replacement of the lunate by the pisiform attached to the flexor carpi ulnaris quite safe in Kienbock's disease, without any risk of osteonecrosis. PMID- 6529294 TI - [Bennett's fracture-luxation. Osteosynthesis by the dorsal approach]. AB - The use of the palmar approach, known as the Moberg approach, for open reduction and osteosynthesis of Bennett's fracture-dislocation has the disadvantage of requiring fairly extensive disinsertion of the thenar muscles and of opening the trapezio-metacarpal articulation. The approach proposed, dorsal and parallel to the ulnar border of the first metacarpal, allows easy access to the fracture site with little or no muscle disinsertion, and without opening the articulation. Once reduction is obtained, it is temporarily held in place by a pin through the dorsal aspect, and then definitively by a screw drawing the fragments together. The one danger in this approach is in damaging a sensory branch of the radial nerve which must be carefully protected. PMID- 6529293 TI - [Use of a vein segment in peripheral nerve repair]. AB - The authors describe a new technique of nerve repair based on the utilisation of a venous sleeve to isolate and to contain the severed nerve during the period of cicatrisation. The histological pattern of the venous wall and its reaction to the regenerated nerve have been studied. Electrophysiological techniques, confirmed by histological studies, have demonstrated the good quality of the anastomosis. The utilisation of a venous sleeve allows for nerve repair without synthetic suture material. The dimensions of anastomotic neuroma are reduced, and are smaller than in other techniques of suture. The possibility of isolation of neuroma by the vein, even in the case of terminal neuroma, is equally worth consideration. PMID- 6529295 TI - [Ungual synthesis]. AB - In case of dorsal sectioning of the distal phalanx, the nail can be used to mobilize and to bring the bone fragments together. A needle is passed through the nail and the nail bed, and the two fragments can be brought together with a metallic tension suture. PMID- 6529296 TI - Functional sequelae after ulnar nerve repair. Study of forty-nine cases. AB - The full picture of functional ulnar deficiency, following suture or grafting, was studied and analyzed by two of the authors, who followed this series of patients on a long-term basis. The patients were tested using sphygmometric rubber bulbs in other to determine the overall closing force of the hand (making a fist), and the force of the pinch between the thumb and index ("energetic pinch"). Moreover, radionuclide vascular tests were used in order to find an eventual etiology of the "cold" disease, present in 2/3 of these injured hands. The principal functional deficiencies which bothered the patients and which we were able to demonstrate are as follows: deficient adduction of the thumb: the pinch between the thumb and index is diminished by approximately 50%, impairment, in the spreading of fingers, impairment in the overall force of the grasp, ulnar clawing which may embarrass function of the hand one year after the operation in one fourth of the cases. Therefore it appeared logical to propose an adduction plasty at the same time of repair, whether it was a primary suture or a secondary nerve graft. This adduction plasty uses the flexor digitorum sublimis of the ring finger which is rerouted and passed behind the profondus tendons and brought over to the lateral sesamoid bone of the thumb. This transfer is prolonged and tacked to the extensor pollicis longus in order to prevent the hyperflexion of the proximal phalanx of the thumb of which patients hardly ever complain but which denotes the severeness of ulnar nerve injury. An excellent correlation exists between the severeness of the functional deficiency and the importance of Froment's sign. The study of the other residual deficiencies shows that the restoration of the first dorsal interosseus, the reinforcement of the force of the flexores digitorum profundus of the middle and fourth fingers and of the intrinsics does not seem to be justified on an emergency basis. Zancolli's operation, which has been advocated by certain authors as an emergency procedure, does not seem to be necessary at this stage of repair, but remains a very interesting palliative procedure one year after the nerve repair if still judged necessary. Several clinical examples illustrate the value of long-term follow-up of these operated patients. PMID- 6529297 TI - Transfer of the abductor digiti minimi (quinti) in radial deformities of the hand in children. AB - The abductor digit minimi (quinti) transfer is an opposition plasty which is rarely used because of the large armamentarium of other possible transfers. However, it is a very good technic to use in radial side dysplasia in children, especially in the case of four-fingered hands in which it can improve the results of pollicisation. A series of 14 cases with 13 "good" or "very good" results is presented. An anatomical study has defined the distal insertion, distinct from that of the flexor digiti quinti brevis, the vascularisation (Mathes's type II) and the innervation of the muscle. The division of the muscle from the pisiform bone is not recommended because of the risk of pedicular injury. PMID- 6529298 TI - Value of immediate mobilization in proximal interphalangeal volar plate avulsions. AB - Volar plate avulsion at the proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint, either poorly managed or left without treatment, may expose to severe PIP stiffness. The authors systematically employ early mobilization to treat this type of lesion. Rehabilitation is confided to a physical therapist trained in hand rehabilitation and seen weekly or twice a month by the supervising surgeon. In a series of 100 volar plate avulsions demonstrated by X-rays, this kind of easy and adaptable treatment can provide up to 98% of good to very good results. This completely justifies the authors' choice. PMID- 6529299 TI - Carpal tunnel syndrome: postsurgical course of symptoms. AB - The authors analyse the results obtained by the surgical treatment of 113 carpal tunnel syndromes. Performed under locoregional anesthesia, the operation has always been the same: transsection of the volar carpal ligament and epineurolysis on the volar aspect of the median nerve. The results obtained were excellent concerning paresthesia and hypoesthesia. The eventual pejorative influence of three factors, duration of symptoms of more than one year, motor nerve latency over 6 msec., and cyanotic appearance of the nerve, could not be established. PMID- 6529300 TI - Cosmetic amputation of the long finger with carpal osteotomy. AB - Amputations of the third digital ray leave a central gap which can usually be closed by shifting either the second or the fourth digital rays medially. This however calls for an osteotomy with it usual hazards. To avoid metacarpal osteotomy, we have completed the amputation of the long finger in six cases with a central carpal osteotomy through the capitate. This enables the second and fourth rays to be moved intact medially and to close the gap, thus providing a cosmetic three fingered hand. PMID- 6529301 TI - Epiphyseal vascularization during growth: the upper limb. AB - Sixty fetal, newborn and child cadavers were injected with India ink and plastic material (Batson's technique) via the subclavian artery. The arterial and capillary intracartilaginous and intraosseous networks of the physes of the long bones of the upper limb were then studied by microdissection of the vascular sources and serial epiphyseal sections in different planes. Already present in the third week of fetal life and present all during the rest of life, this circulation plays a fundamental role not only in the ossification of the epiphyseal cartilage but also in the trophicity of the bone that supports the cartilaginous articular surfaces. Like those of the lower limb, the epiphyses of the upper limb present a typical vascular pattern consisting of three entries, with the exception however of the inferior extremity of the ulna. PMID- 6529302 TI - Gas gangrene in traumatic hand injuries. Report of three cases. AB - Gaseous gangrene is an infection with anaerobies germs characterized by gaseous infiltration of soft tissues with quick and serious damage to the general state. Known in war time, it rages also in civilian practice. Two etiologies are dominating: post-trauma gaseous gangrenes, post-surgery gaseous gangrenes. Among post-trauma gaseous gangrenes, the ones on departure of inferior members are the most frequent arising from fractures or from luxations open or closed. Localisation on superior limbs is scarce, specially after soft parts' trauma. We report three cases of superior limbs' gaseous gangrene after seemingly benign trauma. Diagnosis has been set by the clinical surgery, and the presence of gas bubbles at soft tissues' radiography. It didn't exist any favorising agent such as diabetes, arterial insufficiency, intercurrent disease treated with corticoides or with immuno-depressors. Bacteriological levyings have not put the causal germ in evidence, this is due to levying conditions. Evolution of gaseous gangrene depends on quickness of diagnosis and treatment. This one includes surgical flattening, discharge's incisions and excisions of devitalized tissues, as well as antibiotherapy with 20 000 to 60 000 U penicilline by parenteral way. We didn't need appeal to hyperbare oxygenotherapy. Simple procedures of secondary repair surgery were sufficient to restoration of a normal function. Gaseous gangrene is a real surgical urgency, even without bacteriological proof. PMID- 6529303 TI - [Habitual forward luxation of the head of the ulna. Apropos of a case]. AB - The author has reported a case of volar dislocation of the ulnar head. This exceptional lesion occurred in a young woman with Crouzon's disease. No past history of trauma was found; the ulnar head was not avulsed and the triangular articular disk was not torn. The instability of the ulnar head was due to a flattened sigmoid cavity of the radius and aplasia of the extensor carpi ulnaris muscle. Recovery was made after a low resection of the diaphysis combined with lower radioulnar arthrodesis. This operation restored both power and a full range of movements to the wrist as well as preserved the normal appearance of the wrist. PMID- 6529304 TI - [Epicondylalgia: a new etiopathogenic and therapeutic approach]. AB - Based on his personal experience as well as on a review of the literature, anatomical arguments and the results of a simple operative technique, the author has made an attempt to refute the presently admitted theory in which the misnomer "epicondylitis" would be the consequence of a compression of the deep (motor) branch of the radial nerve as it runs through the supinator muscle. According to the author, epicondylalgia could be the result of synovitis of the radiohumeral articulation, either provoked or maintained by the continuous traction on the annular ligament by the supinator muscle. PMID- 6529305 TI - [Macrodactyly associated with benign lipoblastomatosis]. AB - A rare case of macrodactylia involving three of the four limbs was observed in a two and a half year old child. A diffuse swelling developed in the right axilla and on the right chest wall. The pathological diagnosis for the tumor was benign lipoblastomatosis. The relationship between the two disorders was discussed. PMID- 6529306 TI - [Compression of the brachial plexus by a pseudarthrosis of the 1st rib]. AB - The authors have described the case of a thoracic outlet syndrome with costoclavicular compression of the brachial plexus, secondary to non-union of a first rib fracture. Treatment consisted in transaxillary removal of the first rib, as described by Roos. Intrafascicular neurolysis of the posterior and medial trunks was performed at the same time, and was followed by quick clinical and electromyographical recovery. PMID- 6529307 TI - [Improvement of proximal interphalangeal flexion of the 5th finger in wounds or avulsions of the flexor profundus tendon]. AB - The flexor superficialis of the little finger alone is frequently unable to provide good flexion of the PIP joint. This was verified in half of the hands tested in 45 normal volunteers. These data stress the mandatory repair of the flexor profundus tendon in emergency situations. In secondary reconstruction the authors advocate a side-to-side anastomosis between the sublimis and profundus tendons in order to reinforce the flexion of the PIP joint. PMID- 6529308 TI - [Evaluation of carpal tunnel and subepineural pressures in leprous neuropathies of the median nerve at the wrist]. AB - The authors measured the carpal tunnel and intraneural pressures with a soft catheter in fifteen cases of leprous neuritis of the median nerve at the wrist. In the carpal tunnel, the pressure was about 40 mm of mercury, while within the nerve, the pressure was about 25 mm of mercury. In five healthy male volunteers, the same pressures were measured: the results were much lower (2 to 4 mm of mercury). The authors call attention to the high pressures found in acute leprous neuritis. They conclude that the sooner a surgical procedure (careful neurolysis) is performed, the better the results, before irreparable nerve damage occurs. PMID- 6529309 TI - Round table discussion on instability of the wrist. Introduction. PMID- 6529310 TI - The influence of the transverse carpal ligament (flexor retinaculum) on carpal stability. AB - The author reviews the anatomy of the transverse volar carpal ligament. The division of this ligament results in a decrease on the carpal concavity and the distance between the two crests can increase by 3 mm on the average. PMID- 6529311 TI - [Static and dynamic anatomo-radiology of the wrist]. AB - Carpal instability is a difficult problem and a static as well as a dynamic radioanatomical study of the wrist is indispensable for correct diagnosis. This study is based on the description of the variations of the aspects of the bones of the proximal carpal row. An analysis of the projection of each individual bone was made, and thus, the author was able to describe the radioanatomical features of the wrist in three positions: neutral, radial and ulnar deviation. Secondly, the author points out the modifications produced on a normal wrist by active and passive loading. On the posteroanterior views, the most important stresses seem to be rotational (pronosupination) and translational. On the lateral views, the anterior and posterior "drawer" movements are particularly interesting. The author emphasizes the features of normal, lax and pathological wrist patterns. PMID- 6529312 TI - [Carpal instability. Diagnostic considerations and clinical study]. AB - The clinical picture of carpal deviations is far from evocative and diagnosis is uniquely radiographic. Clinical features become reliable when intermittent malalignment of the carpal articulations leads to instability: the trick wrist is an example. The measurement of the radiolunar angle on a neutral position lateral view of the wrist is sufficient in the screening for carpal instabilities. A dorsal radiolunar angle of over 25 degrees or a palmar radiolunar angle of over 10 degrees may be considered to be pathologic. PMID- 6529313 TI - [Carpal instability--ligamentous instabilities and intracarpal malalignments- explication of the concept of carpal instability]. AB - Normally, intracarpal stability is due to the carpal ligaments as well as to the "spatial coherence" of the carpal bones. "Destabilization" may be due to ligamentous attenuation when sprains and dislocations occur. This will lead to "dynamic instability" in extreme movements of the wrist or to malalignments in the case of long-standing dislocations. The scapholunar, triquetral or midcarpal ligamentous structures may be involved. The loss of spatial coherence by modifications in the form or in the volume of the carpal bones may lead to "compensatory carpal re- or malalignments". PMID- 6529314 TI - [Mediocarpal instability]. AB - The author reports his personal experience of eleven cases of midcarpal instability. Diagnosis was essentially based on dynamic radiological investigations of the wrist with distraction and posterior "drawer" movements. Damage to the anterior capsuloligamentous complex is the underlying cause. According to the predominance on the ulnar or radial side, one may speak of anteromedial or anterolateral midcarpal instability. Management differs in the case of recent injuries which should be treated on a nonoperative basis as compared to the case of longstanding lesions whose treatment is difficult. It seems as though only intercarpal arthrodesis is the solution to adequate stabilization of the lesions. To avoid loss of motion, the author suggests the possibility of palliative treatment by arthroplastic resection of the proximal row of the carpus, which, in this type of indication, seems to be a last resort. PMID- 6529315 TI - [Carpal luxation and residual instability]. AB - Perilunar dislocations lead to important capsuloligamentous lesions associated with osteochondral fractures which jeopardize carpal stability if non treated operatively. Aside from the classical mechanism in which the lesions start on the radial side, the author considers the possibility of perilunar dislocations which may begin by lunotriquetral dissociation. Post-reduction carpal instability is more frequent in pure dislocations than in those with associated fracture of the scaphoid. An anterior and posterior double approach is often necessary in order to ensure exact reduction and stability in a correct position. PMID- 6529316 TI - Malalignment of the scaphoid after lunate dislocation. AB - The author emphasizes the sequelar displacement of the scaphoid which may follow reduction of perilunar dislocations. Horizontal tilting of the scaphoid with its proximal pole maintained in contact with the posterior rim of the radius, may be due scapholunate dissociation, and immobilization of the wrist in flexion after reduction. Surgical reduction should be accomplished through a dorsal route and may call for division of the posterior rim of the radius. PMID- 6529317 TI - [Carpal instability. General therapeutic principles]. AB - Ligamentous injuries must be looked for and repaired on an emergency basis. Correct alignment may be achieved by pinning through a posterior approach. Secondary repair is hazardous. When dealing with compensatory carpal malalignments, intracarpal surgery should strive not only to correct the one bone involved but the entire carpal complex and, in particular, to correct the horizontally tilted scaphoid which may otherwise lead to arthrosis. PMID- 6529318 TI - [Migration and health. A literature review. I. Studies of effects. Summary and theoretical observations based on a selection from the general literature on migration]. PMID- 6529319 TI - [Levels of contamination in preserved fruits and vegetables by metals]. PMID- 6529320 TI - [Impact of the new classification by weight group recommended by WHO on perinatal mortality]. PMID- 6529321 TI - [The course of suicides and type of care in general hospitals]. PMID- 6529322 TI - Projections from the cortex of the superior temporal sulcus to the dorsal lateral geniculate and pregeniculate nuclei in the macaque monkey. AB - Cortical projections from the visual region and adjacent polysensory region of the superior temporal sulcus (STs) to the lateral geniculate body (LGb) were investigated in the macaque monkey using an autoradiographic tracing method. Solutions of tritiated aminoacids were injected into different parts of the caudal half of the STs of five animals. A survival time of 7 days was allowed. Labels were found in both subdivisions of the LGb: the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (DLGn) and the pregeniculate nucleus (PGn). In particular, part of the visual cortical region adjacent to the middle temporal area (MT) projects into the DLGn as well as the PGn, whereas the MT itself and the superior temporal polysensory region project into the PGn only. Afferents to the DLGn terminate in the magnocellular layers and in their adjoining interlaminar zones, completely sparing the parvocellular layers. Afferents to the PGn terminate in separate regions of this nucleus; the MT and adjacent visual cortices project into the internal layer of the PGn, whereas the polysensosy region of the STs projects into the external retinorecipient layer of the PGn. Possible functional implications of these projections are discussed. PMID- 6529323 TI - The triggering effect of surfaces and surfactants on heat output, oxygen consumption and size reduction of a starving marine Vibrio. AB - The marine Vibrio DW1 exhibited a positive response in heat output to a dialysis membrane surface in the presence of substrate (100 mM sodium glutamate) and, more particularly, in the absence of exogenous substrate (starvation conditions). The latter result paralleled the previously reported decrease in cell volume and increase in oxygen consumption by starving bacteria at a similar surface. Modified Morita's salts (MMS) did not extract nutrients from the dialysis membrane, but an artificial seawater containing tris buffer (ASW-tris) did extract surface active and nutrient materials from the membrane. The ASW-tris membrane extract and a commercial surfactant, Tween 85, were found to mimic the effects of the dialysis membrane surface by inducing a decrease in cell volume, and an increasing oxygen consumption and heat output of Vibrio DW1 even in the bulk liquid. The significance of the adsorption of naturally occurring surfactants at surfaces in relation to the behaviour of bacteria at the surfaces is discussed. PMID- 6529324 TI - [Biochemical study of the endometrium of gilts in the estrous cycle and early pregnancy]. PMID- 6529325 TI - [Experimental studies of Bordetella bronchiseptica infection in guinea pigs]. PMID- 6529326 TI - [Studies on the blood levels in the camel with regard to erythrocytes, hemoglobin, leukocytes, various forms of leukocytes, serum levels of proteins urea, cholesterol, aspartate and alanine aminotransferases as a function of age and sex]. PMID- 6529327 TI - [Results of experimental studies of uterine bioelectric activity in the peripartal period and puerperium in cattle. 1. Methods of collecting, recording and assessing uterine bioelectric activity during parturition and the postpartum period in cattle]. PMID- 6529328 TI - Pathogenic potential of some fungal species of the genera Aspergillus, Mucor and Rhizopus. PMID- 6529329 TI - Virulence of staphylococci to mice and its relation to lysozyme production and coagulase activity. PMID- 6529330 TI - [Electrolyte (Ca, Mg, inorganic phosphate, Na, K) levels in blood plasma of sows during the beginning of parturition as well as in whole litters of newborn piglets prior to the uptake of colostrum and in 16 to 24 hours following birth]. PMID- 6529331 TI - [The behavior of Yersinia enterocolitica at different temperatures and at various concentrations of curing salt]. PMID- 6529332 TI - [Relations between the concentration and the quantity of blood in fattening swine and boars]. PMID- 6529333 TI - [Effects of different floorings on the hooves of sheep. 1. Various hoof parameters of sheep housed on different types of floors]. PMID- 6529334 TI - [Effects of different floorings on the hooves of sheep. 2. The hoof mass of sheep as a basis for the determination of floor grating size]. PMID- 6529335 TI - [Galactose tolerance following intravenous galactose loading in suckling piglets]. PMID- 6529336 TI - [Learning capability as a testing method for brain damage caused by O2 deficiency]. PMID- 6529337 TI - [Effect of exercise treadmill training on the distribution of fiber types and fiber diameter in the semitendinous muscle of swine]. PMID- 6529338 TI - [Immunization model of mice for a comparative trial of systemic and local administration of antigens. 2. Histological studies, determination of hemagglutinating antibodies and 3T-thymidine index in tissue sections from selected organs of white mice following immunization with sheep erythrocytes]. PMID- 6529339 TI - [Significance of pH values for the assessment of sperm quality and sexual activity as well as for achievement of good fertilization results. 1. pH value in ram ejaculates, its variability and its significance for the assessment of sperm quality]. PMID- 6529340 TI - Diagnosis of bovine subclinical mastitis by determination of lysozyme level in milk. PMID- 6529341 TI - [Electrophoretic cell studies of lymphocytes of swine]. PMID- 6529342 TI - Studies on the thermoregulation in developing chickens. PMID- 6529343 TI - Species variations in ruminants to the effects of total nephrectomy--studies in buffalo calves (Bubalus bubalis). PMID- 6529344 TI - [Fluid balance in calves. 2. Body fluid compartments depending on the age of the animal and changes caused by diarrhea]. PMID- 6529346 TI - Plate osteosynthesis in posttraumatic deformities of the femoral shaft. AB - The success of precisely indicated surgical treatment of posttraumatic deformities of the femur shaft depends on painstaking preoperative planning with exact assessment of the locus of correction, careful determination of the correction angle, and choice of an adequate operation method. In correction operations plate osteosynthesis is necessary, in contrast to the various possibilities for care of primary fractures of the femur. Therefore we concentrate in this paper mainly on the use of plate osteosynthesis, without forgetting that there are also indications for intramedullary nailing, especially of not yet consolidated fractures or aseptic wound healing impairments. Long X rays of the leg are an essential part of the preoperative preparation. The success of all operative treatments does not depend only on the degree of disablement, the age of the patient, and realistic target. Particularly in view of the difficulty of plate osteosynthesis and the variety of methods of primary osteosynthesis, the surgeon has to consider the rules of biomechanics as they apply to the incorrectly set femur and to simulate the surgical treatment with preoperative planning in order to attain physiological axial conditions with the best operative method. This applies particularly to the knee joint. Axial deformities are very often combined with shortening, and surgical correction is therefore sometimes difficult. PMID- 6529345 TI - Experimental animal investigation of bone regeneration with collagen-apatite. AB - Multicentric osteoregeneration is a new principle of osteoinduction [31a] which can be realized with the combination of collagen and fine dispersed hydroxyapatite ceramic particles (Collapat). This was histomorphometrically proved in the present study involving 14 rabbits with 28 6-mm-wide bore holes in the distal femoral condyles. With Collapat, an average of 5 times more new bone was regenerated than in the control defects without implant. The Wilcoxon matched pairs signed-ranks test proved the positive effect of the implant Collapat on osteoregeneration with a significance of P less than 0.0001. At sites of Collapat insertion bone regeneration begins in the 2nd week, reaches its climax in the 3rd week, and is completed after the 4th week. in the course of development the histological picture is typified by a lively bone remodeling. Bone formation can be recognized in direct contact to the apatite granules. Foreign body or allergic reactions are not observed. Remodeling of the bone is not hindered by the slowly resorbable apatite granules. About 250 human implantations have been performed in our hospital since 1979, with good results and no negative effects. PMID- 6529347 TI - Clubfoot therapy according to Bosch: conservative and operative aspects. AB - To Bosch goes the honor of having revealed the contradictions of the classical redressment treatment as early as 1950. Bosch's method was new insofar as he exerted pressure on the calcaneus from laterally and thus intuitively corrected the most important deformity, the subtalar horizontal internal rotation. Theoretical confirmation of this subtalar rotation was only made possible by computer tomography investigations, as described herein. On the grounds of these findings, the current operative concept has to be questioned and adapted to the latest scientific findings on the pathomorphology of the clubfoot. Also reported is an operation technique which permits correction of subtalar internal rotation and simultaneous complete reduction of the navicular on the talus, including the calcaneocuboid joint. PMID- 6529348 TI - Effects of a distal venting hole in the femur during total hip replacement. AB - In 18 patients who underwent total hip replacement, the intramedullary pressure in the femur was measured during the insertion of the femoral prosthesis component. Half the patients had a pressure release hole (diameter 4.5 mm) drilled into the medullary canal at the distal end of the femur, the other half not. In the patients without a venting hole, the intramedullary pressure increased transiently to a median of 390mmHg during the insertion of the femoral stem, while those with a venting hole only showed an increase to 23mmHg. A drop in arterial oxygen tension of 2.2kPa and in thrombocytes of 51 x 10(9)/1 was found in those without a venting hole, while the corresponding values in those with a venting hole were 0.9kPa and 20 x 10(9)/1. Furthermore, a significant correlation was demonstrated between the increase in intramedullary pressure and the drop in oxygen tension and in blood platelets. No significant change in blood pressure was measured during operation in either group. PMID- 6529349 TI - Artificial replacement of the hip joint in severe coxarthroses secondary to acetabular dysplasia. AB - The reconstruction of hip joints is problematic in cases of subluxation coxarthrosis, since the dysplastic acetabulum's lack of depth does not primarily allow reliable anchorage of an acetabular prosthesis component. Since enlargement of the acetabulum by fraising is ruled out on biomechanical grounds, a suitable bed for the implant can only be created by reconstructing the roof of the acetabulum. Laterally supported osteoplasty has proved to be a suitable method for repairing dysplastic acetabular defects, involving screwing of autogenic or allogenic grafts firmly onto the acetabular margin. The radiological and clinical results of 70 hips followed up confirm the efficiency of the endoprosthetic acetabulum implanted by this method in cases of marked dysplastic coxarthrosis. PMID- 6529350 TI - The infected mandibular fracture. AB - The cause of most fracture gap infections is either a lack of or inadequate primary management. It is therefore imperative that jaw fractures be handled initially by an oral and maxillofacial surgeon. Surgical revision and absolute immobilization are essential in cases of osteomyelitis following mandibular fracture. In special cases, additional deposition of gentamycin-PMMA spheres and autologous osteoplasty may be necessary. PMID- 6529351 TI - Mathematical kinematics in engineering of endoprostheses. Evaluation of the results of gait analysis. AB - Certain optical methods (photogrammetry) achieve great precision in analysis of body motion. However, this study clearly shows that the tracing of body surface movement is unsuitable for analysis of actual joint motion, at least in the knee joint, because of the soft tissue shifting which occurs. It is also shown that comparatively simple mathematical-kinematic techniques can be used to check the degree of error of methods of measurement in orthopedics. It is to be assumed that no currently available knee joint prostheses function in a kinematically perfect manner. If the movement of knee joint prostheses is to be optimized and implantation errors affecting kinematics avoided, it seems indispensable, at the current level of technology, to employ X-ray stereophotogrammetry to describe natural knee joint motion. PMID- 6529352 TI - Research into the anatomy and X-ray diagnostics of the fibular ligaments at the ankle joint. AB - In the literature widely differing statements are found as to the extent of the radiographically seen tilt of the talus after rupture of the fibular ligaments. Our studies on cadavers showed that there can be no exact correlation between the instability found on X-ray investigation and the intraoperatively ascertained damage of the ligamentous structures. The intraoperatively found damage is usually greater than presumed on X-ray investigation. The main reason for these findings is to be seen in the various anatomical shapes of the fibular ligaments. We have certified this in our studies on 20 amputated feet. For clinical purpose it is not of interest which of the ligaments is damaged, but it is of great importance to know whether there is a rupture or not. Anamnesis and clinical state may be important in deciding whether to operate or not. PMID- 6529353 TI - Reduction and fixation of late diagnosed lower cervical spine dislocations using the Daab plate. A report of two cases. AB - The mode of treatment of late diagnosed lower cervical spine dislocations is a matter of controversy. Some workers consider surgical reduction 2 weeks after the trauma contraindicated, preferring posterior fusion in situ despite neurological defects. Classic techniques of posterior fixation by interspinous wiring may be insufficient in late reduced cases. This is especially true in the case of fracture of the posterior arch or the base of the spinous process, or if a laminectomy has been performed. Two complete dislocations of the lower cervical spine were reduced 2 and 8 weeks after the trauma in combination with posterior fixation using the Daab plate and posterolateral fusion. Both patients had marked neurological defects which were significantly alleviated after the operation; a solid fusion was achieved in both cases. PMID- 6529355 TI - [Procedure for avoiding problem-solving orientation in verbal conditioning- double agent study]. PMID- 6529354 TI - [Attitude change in females and males in relation to the discussion style of the partner in a discussion]. PMID- 6529356 TI - [Factor structure of the short form of the Freiburg Personality Inventory]. PMID- 6529357 TI - [Analysis of migraine with general psychologic stress concepts. Time series analyses for a single case]. PMID- 6529358 TI - [Musical talent and spatial ability]. PMID- 6529359 TI - The Aedes mosquitoes (Diptera, Culicidae) in the east of Romanian Plain- distribution and biology. PMID- 6529360 TI - Colonization of the jejunum with aerobe-anaerobe facultative bacteria and its significance in infantile disease. PMID- 6529361 TI - Efficacy of tetanus toxoid administered by intradermal route in association with typhoid vaccine. PMID- 6529362 TI - The treatment of experimental cirrhogenic aggressive chronic hepatitis with "REGOPAR"--a natural product. PMID- 6529363 TI - Ultrastructure of Dientamoeba fragilis: a study of the mononucleated stage. PMID- 6529364 TI - [Transport of urea nitrogen from the intestines into the stomach in dairy cows]. AB - In two experiments with one dairy cow each the utilisation of urea-N after its ruminal or duodenal infusion was comparatively investigated on two crude protein levels and different urease activities in the rumen. The rations contained 9.6 (I) and 14.3 (II) g crude plant protein/100 g dry matter. After completed adaptation 50 g urea were daily infused in the rumen (R, via cannula) in 3 h resp. the duodemun (D, distal cannula of the reentrance cannula) in 6 h with the morning and evening feeding. In experiment II the urease blocker phosphoric acid phenylester diamide (D/PPD) was applied in an additional experiment synchronously with the duodenal urea application. On the first measuring day in each case the urea in the morning feeding was labelled with 17.4 atom-% 15N-excess (15N'). Measuring results in the sequence I R, I D, II R, II D, II D/PPD: 15N'-passage rate at the duodenum within 72 h in the TCA-soluble N-fraction 29, 18, 24, 13 and 16, in the TCA-precipitable N-fraction 59, 25, 41, 11 and 5% of the application, 15N'-excretion within 96 h in milk protein 6.8, 4.2, 4.6, 3.4 and 1.9, in faeces 20, 12, 19, 8 and 4, in urine 20, 32, 34, 56 and 75% of the application, 15N balance 59, 56, 47, 36 and 21% of the application, passage rate of non-NH3-N in the duodenum 131, 118, 96, 107 and 99% of the total N-intake. After ruminal infusion there always was a higher NH3-concentration in the rumen and 15N frequencies in the rumen proteins. One can conclude that urea-N that gets into the intestines is to a low degree used for duodenal protein supply as directly utilisable urea-N from the ration in the rumen. The difference increases with the protein content of the ration and the inhibition of rumen urease. The urea N balance is to a considerably smaller degree influenced by the place of urea infusion particularly at a low level of N-supply, which is due to a better utilisation of the urea-N transported with intermediary metabolism from the intestines. The role of urease as a regulator of urea transport through the rumen wall cannot be corroborated. PMID- 6529365 TI - [Growth studies of Holstein-Friesian bulls under different conditions of feeding intensity. 5. Derivation of energy requirement values]. AB - From two long-term individual feeding experiments with groups of differentiated feeding intensity, energy requirement values were derived which take into consideration live weight development and which are in accordance with the measurements of nutrient and energy retention. The suggested energy requirement values show big differences between the intensity levels. It follows from this that energy expenditure from a low to a high feeding intensity first decreases and then, at a very high performance, increases again. PMID- 6529366 TI - [Protein utilization as well as crude protein and amino acid requirements of broiler hens]. AB - After N-balance experiments with broiler hens in the top laying period and the feeding of soybean coarse meal/fish meal protein the protein utilisation values were calculated. The PNu curve and the PEW curve could be described as utilisation values from the N-retention curve (e-function). At an intake of N at which the hen neither decomposed nor retained protein, the utilisation (PNu) for maintenance and egg production was 55.3% and the utilisation of feed protein for egg production 49.4%. Maximum PEW 34.3% could only be ascertained at an N intake/LW0.67kg of 1500 mg. The corresponding crude protein quota of 18.7 g recommended as crude protein requirement is calculated from this N-quota (xm) and a live weight of the broiler hen of 2804 g. For the same N-quota (xm) and the same live weight of the hens this results in a necessary quota of S-AA of 694 mg per hen and day. Provided the daily feed intake is 145 g and thus the intake of crude protein 18.7 g and that of S-AA 694 mg per hen, the necessary crude protein content of the feed is 130 g per kg original substance and an S-AA concentration which is equivalent to 3.7% of the crude protein (in g/16 g N). PMID- 6529367 TI - [Effect of the polyether antibiotic "monensin" on fattening and slaughtering performance as well as protein and energy retention in bulls]. AB - In an individual feeding experiment (150-500 kg live weight) the influence of the polyether antibiotic Monensin on the fattening, slaughtering and retention performances of crossbreeding dairy bulls (genotype 31) and fattening hybrids (genotype 61) was ascertained. The supplementation of the polyether antibiotic on average resulted in a decrease by approximately equal to 11% of the dry matter and energy expenditure per kg weight gain due to a lower feed intake and a higher live weight gain. The slaughtering parameter investigated and the chemical composition of the empty body remained uninfluenced. The daily nutrient retention values were positively influenced by the Monensin supplementation since the fattening bulls of the test group required 30 days less to achieve the attempted fattening weight. The additional retention of protein, fat and energy per animal and day in the dairy bulls approximately equal to 10.9; 13.5 and 16.4% and in the fattening hybrids 1.9; 3.2 and 2.6%. Due to a higher energy retention at a lower level of feed and energy intake after Monensin supplementation an average of approximately equal to 11.3 and 15.4% resp. more of the consumed digestible protein and the digestible energy resp. were retained in the empty bodies. One can conclude that Monensin improved the utilisation of feed energy; obviously the effect of the polyether antibiotic is due to its influence on processes in the rumen or directly or indirectly on metabolism. PMID- 6529368 TI - [Asthma and infection Part. III. Examination of wheezy infants and young children for allergy]. PMID- 6529369 TI - [Studies on exercise-induced bronchial lability (EIBL) in adult asthmatic patients]. PMID- 6529370 TI - [The change in EIB after repeated exercise]. PMID- 6529371 TI - [Immunological studies on mucocutaneous lymphnode syndrome (Kawasaki disease). I. Plasma inhibitory factor(s) against blastic transformation of lymphocytes--a lack of plasma inhibitory factor(s) against blastic transformation of lymphocytes exposed to streptolysin O]. PMID- 6529372 TI - Mechanism of protective effect of fosfomycin against aminoglycoside ototoxicity. AB - The purpose of this study was to clarify the mechanism of the protective effect of fosfomycin (FOM) against inner ear damage induced by an aminoglycoside dibekacin (DKB), when administered concurrently DKB and FOM. Rats were treated with 50 mg/kg of DKB with or without 500 mg/kg of FOM for short-term administration. No significant difference was seen in the serum peak level and in the area under the curve between the group receiving DKB alone and the combined administration group of DKB and FOM. On the other hand, the DKB level in the kidney was significantly lower in the combined administration group than in the group receiving DKB alone. The mechanism of protective effect of FOM against DKB induced ototoxicity may be considered as follows: FOM inhibits the accumulation of DKB in the kidney and reduces its concentration in the kidney and serum. Consequently, the transferability of DKB into the inner ear is decreased, and finally inner ear damage is reduced. PMID- 6529373 TI - Effects of glycerol on the inner ear fluid electrolytes of guinea pigs--oral and intravenous administration. AB - Under sodium pentobarbital anesthesia (25-35 mg/kg), serum, CSF and inner ear fluids from scala tympani perilymph, scala vestibuli perilymph, and scala media endolymph were collected from normal guinea pigs after the oral administration of glycerol (50%, 12 ml/kg) or the intravenous injection of glycerol (1.0 ml/kg). The sodium and potassium concentrations were assessed by microflame photometry. The electrolyte dynamics of the inner ear fluids were compared after these two routes of administration. Serum: There was no significant change in Na or K levels after either route of administration. CSF: The Na concentration increased rapidly after both intravenous and oral administrations of glycerol and remained high until the end of the experiment. The K concentration did not change significantly after intravenous injection. Scala tympani perilymph: The Na concentration increased transiently, after intravenous glycerol, while after oral administration it increased slowly and steadily. The K concentration increased only after oral administration. Scala vestibuli perilymph: The Na level increased slowly and steadily only after oral administration of glycerol, and the K level increased slightly after intravenous injection. Scala media endolymph: No changes in the K level occurred after either route of administration. After oral administration the Na level increased. These experiments show that dehydration persists longer after oral than after intravenous administration of glycerol. In the diagnosis of Meniere's disease, oral administration of glycerol is more effective than intravenous injection. PMID- 6529374 TI - Surgical treatment of the laryngotracheal amyloidosis. AB - Two cases of primary localized amyloid tumor in the larynx and trachea surgically treated were herein reported. As recurrence of the amyloid tumor might lead to repeated resection in the same region, first trial of eradicative laryngofissure or laryngotracheofissure proved to be the effective approaches. The denuded area of the respiratory tract after removing amyloid tumor was covered with a split thickness skin graft and/or neighbouring mucosa applying soft rubber stent, then extensive scarring and schrinkage of the airways after surgery could thus be eliminated. PMID- 6529375 TI - Metastatic squamous cell carcinoma in the neck invading the facial canal--a case report. AB - The results of histopathologic examination of the temporal bone of a 71-year-old woman with squamous cell carcinoma of the tonsil and ipsilateral facial palsy are presented. The right temporal bone was directly involved by metastatic spread of the primary lesion to the right upper cervical lymph nodes. Tumor cells had invaded the canal of the facial nerve, the chorda tympani nerve, and the stapedius muscle, as well as the air cells in the mastoid region. However, although tumor cells had infiltrated the facial canal to a considerable distance from the metastatic tumor mass, the facial nerve had not been infiltrated. Slight degeneration of the facial nerve, however, was observed and appeared to have been caused by compression by the tumor. PMID- 6529376 TI - Ocular rigidity and intraocular pressure in keratoconus. AB - Eighty-five patients with keratoconus and 20 normal controls were studied. Ocular rigidity, calculated using the Friedenwald nomogram, correlated with corneal thinning (p less than 0.001) and area of cone (p = 0.05). Schiotz pressures with increasing weights fell more than normal in Grades 0 to 3 keratoconus, but returned to normal following corneal grafting, as did ocular rigidity. Goldmann applanation pressures were low over the apex of the cone, varying most in eyes with lowest ocular rigidity and with greatest corneal thinning, but also in large sagging cones which had only minimal corneal thinning. Pressures by Mackay-Marg tonometry were normal in keratoconus. The axial length of eyes with keratoconus even after corneal grafting was longer than normal and correlated with myopia. It is concluded that abnormalities of ocular rigidity, Schiotz and Goldmann pressures in keratoconus are determined by abnormal corneal rigidity. If corneal rigidity is low or corneal thinning is present, Goldmann applanation pressures are falsely low and Mackay-Marg tonometry more closely approximates the true intraocular pressure. The cone develops by stretching with limited loss of tissue and the lower rigidity and reduced apical stress decrease the likelihood of rupture. PMID- 6529377 TI - Clinical specular microscopy: the Australian experience. AB - It is almost one year since the Corneal Diseases Unit of The Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital began preliminary evaluation of the Pocklington Keeler-Konan Wide-Field Specular Microscope. With this instrument, approximately one square millimetre of living human corneal endothelial cells can be observed and photographed. This relatively large area gives a far more valid assessment of endothelial cell morphology and numbers than was possible with narrow field instruments. Reproducible lines enable the relocalization of the same area of endothelium. Observations of endothelial cells have been made in health and disease, including eyes with corneal dystrophy, following cataract surgery with and without intraocular lens implantation, corneal grafting, and after the use of Healon in the anterior chamber. PMID- 6529378 TI - Repositioning of Descemet's membrane: a case report. AB - An 80-year-old Australian was admitted to Concord Hospital for right cataract extraction and intraocular implant. During the procedure under local anaesthesia, two-thirds of Descemet's membrane was stripped down into the anterior chamber. The membrane was later repositioned by air injection into the anterior chamber. Sixteen months later, her right visual acuity is 6/9 and she reads the newspapers. PMID- 6529379 TI - Solitary silent venous papillary loops and ocular hypertension. AB - A series of 24 eyes in 23 patients is described showing solitary silent venous papillary loops. These loops are usually associated with a considerable degree of ocular hypertension, presenting when this hypertension is being investigated. They are silent, usually with no previous ocular history, single with a large diameter, affecting veins at the optic disc and not extending into the vitreous. The optic disc is cupped, but usually not more than 0.6 disc diameter, there is good central vision and either a full visual field or only early field loss. Fluorescein angiography shows the loops to be competent with no evidence of any other retinal vascular abnormality. Rarely loss of central vision may occur due to progression to advanced glaucoma. The condition is distinct from prepapillary vascular arterial papillary loops, neovascularization at the optic disc and optociliary shunt vessels. It is also distinct from the venous collateral vessels which develop at the optic disc after acute central or branch retinal vein occlusion. These collaterals are usually multiple, the accompanying ocular hypertension is of lesser degree, cupping of the disc and field loss are usually much more advanced and, while visual acuity may be normal, it is often grossly reduced. On fluorescein angiography all these cases of venous collaterals after retinal vein occlusion showed evidence of other retinal vascular dysfunction. Solitary silent venous papillary loops appear to develop from venules on the optic disc as a bypass to a low grade venous occlusion which is seldom clinically manifest. They form a distinct entity with a good prognosis if the accompanying ocular hypertension is carefully controlled. PMID- 6529381 TI - Fine needle aspiration biopsy of orbital lesions using CT scan control. PMID- 6529380 TI - Macular electroretinograms: their accuracy, specificity and implementation for clinical use. AB - The pattern and the focal electroretinogram (ERG) are both non-invasive, electrophysiological responses recorded from circumscribed retinal areas and are most easily recorded from the macula. This paper describes how our department has incorporated these tests into our clinical protocol, shows how the recording technique and the method of electrode construction may be improved, and describes the normal limits of the macular responses we obtain. The ERG signal-noise ratio we obtained was better than that of the binocular visual evoked potentials (VEPs) recorded simultaneously. Pattern and focal ERGs, using improved methods of recording, show promise of being a valuable addition to the clinical investigation of subtle maculopathies and some forms of optic nerve dysfunction. Three illustrative cases are described. The first demonstrates normal macular ERG responses with abnormal Ganzfeld ERGs due to peripheral retinal damage. The second reveals differential pattern ERG reduction with normal focal ERG in recent optic neuritis. The third case demonstrates reversible simultaneous loss of Ganzfeld ERGs and macular ERGs in vitamin A deficiency. PMID- 6529382 TI - Closed microsurgery in trauma. AB - Blunt and penetrating injuries to the eye provide ophthalmologists with a wide range of surgical challenges. The reconstruction and visual rehabilitation of traumatized eyes are described with particular emphasis on the role of closed microsurgical techniques in the posterior segment. PMID- 6529383 TI - The development of perinatology in Australia. PMID- 6529384 TI - Pulmonary air leaks in ventilated preterm infants. PMID- 6529385 TI - Morbidity during the preschool years. AB - The prevalence of illness was studied in a birth cohort of Christchurch children during the period from birth to 5 years. By 5 years children had made an average of 18.0 family doctor consultations for morbidity and a further 4.7 for preventive health care procedures; 38% had been admitted to hospital on at least one occasion and 62% had made one or more attendances at a hospital outpatient department. The majority of general practitioner consultations involved four major groups of conditions: respiratory illness; integumental lesions; gastrointestinal illness and accidents. Hospital admissions were dominated by six groups of conditions: respiratory illness, minor surgery, accidents, feeding and management problems, admissions relating to the child's home environment and gastrointestinal illness. Two thirds of hospital outpatient attendances were accounted for by five groups of conditions: accidents; musculoskeletal conditions; respiratory illness; vision problems and congenital heart murmur. PMID- 6529386 TI - The effect of a home exercise programme in children with cystic fibrosis and asthma. AB - Sixty-nine children with asthma and 86 with cystic fibrosis (CF) were assessed for lung function, respiratory muscle function and exercise tolerance. Thirty seven with asthma and 41 with CF subsequently undertook an at home exercise program and the remainder were matched controls. There was no significant change in pulmonary function after 3 months of the exercise program. Compliance with the program decreased markedly towards the end of the 3 months and this lack of compliance may have contributed to the failure to show any significant training effect. A previously supervised program showed increased fitness and increased peak pressures in children with asthma following intensive exercise. There appears limited value in promoting unsupervised home exercise programs for children with CF and asthma. In those groups of children who will benefit with increased physical activity, supervised programs and more interesting play activities may need to be organized to obtain optimal benefit. PMID- 6529387 TI - Jaundice in full term healthy neonates--a population study. AB - A geographically based population of 498 full term, appropriate for gestational age, healthy, singleton neonates was used to study the effect of obstetric and nursery practices on the occurrence of neonatal jaundice. At 3-4 days 56% of babies became visibly jaundiced (plasma bilirubin (PB) greater than 100 mumol/l) and 10% were hyperbilirubinaemic (PB greater than 200 mumol/l). Less mature babies, those slow to pass meconium and those who had lost weight at 4 and 7 days were more likely to be jaundiced. Obstetric practices, drugs given during labour, mother's or baby's blood group, natural illumination, plethora, extravasated blood or mode of feeding were found to have no effect. No benefit from giving supplementary milk or dextrose to breast fed babies was discovered. At 6-7 days at least 9% of babies, all but one of whom were breast fed, were visibly jaundiced. The frequency of prolonged jaundice (breast milk jaundice) was 3.8% of breast fed babies at 3 weeks and zero by 7 weeks. The proportion of babies receiving phototherapy was 2.2%. PMID- 6529388 TI - Selective intubation in pulmonary interstitial emphysema: experience in five patients. AB - Selective bronchial intubation can be useful in the management of severe localized pulmonary interstitial emphysema (PIE). Five infants between 9 and 20 days old with severe left sided PIE had the right main bronchus intubated for between 4 to 30 h. Four patients showed permanent and one patient temporary improvement and the experience from these cases suggests that prolonging the procedure after obtaining radiological evidence of improvement may not be necessary. There were no serious complications although right upper lobe atelectasis occurred in three cases and could not be prevented by using an endotracheal tube with a side hole. Nevertheless, active management should only be considered in PIE causing respiratory failure or pressure effects on surrounding structures. PMID- 6529389 TI - The antidiuretic hormone response to therapy for acute asthma. AB - The plasma antidiuretic hormone concentrations in eight asthmatic children were measured at the onset of an acute severe attack and were repeated 24 h later. Conventional therapy and maintenance fluid intake resulted in a significant fall in antidiuretic hormone concentrations without abnormal changes in other biochemical indicators of dehydration. PMID- 6529390 TI - Failure of mullerian duct development. The Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser syndrome. AB - A 3 year old girl with this syndrome is described. She presented with bilateral inguinal hernias containing palpable gonads. She was found to have total absence of vagina, absence of uterus, Fallopian tubes and right kidney. She had an ectopic left kidney and spinal abnormality. Chromosome analysis revealed normal 46 XX karyotype and the gonads were histologically normal ovaries. The Mayer Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser Syndrome is a failure of development in part or whole of the paramesonephric (Mullerian) duct, and sometimes of part of the mesonephric (Wolffian) system. This results in absence of uterus, tubes, cervix uteri and usually the whole vagina. The syndrome is contrasted with testicular feminization in which the patient has an XY karyotype, has no uterus or tubes but usually a shallow vagina. PMID- 6529391 TI - Oesophageal atresia in father and daughter. AB - We report oesophageal atresia without tracheo-oesophageal fistula in a father and daughter, the first case of recurrence of oesophageal atresia without fistula to be reported in a parent and offspring. PMID- 6529392 TI - A case of neonatal bilateral diaphragmatic paralysis requiring surgery. AB - Diaphragmatic paralysis may cause life threatening respiratory distress especially in infancy. A case is reported of a 32 week gestation infant with bilateral phrenic nerve palsies and associated brachial plexus injury who remained severely compromised despite spontaneous recovery of the right hemidiaphragm after 13 weeks. Operative plication of the left hemidiaphragm produced a marked improvement. Surgery should be considered after an adequate trial of expectant management in symptomatic patients. PMID- 6529393 TI - Haemolytic anaemia associated with acquired toxoplasmosis. AB - A 2 year old girl presented with fever, malaise, a maculopapular rash and lymphadenopathy followed by the onset of haemolytic anaemia and massive splenomegaly. Serology was consistent with acquired toxoplasmosis. A 6 week course of pyrimethamine resulted in a rise in the haemoglobin and reduction of the splenomegaly. During the subsequent 10 years, pyrimethamine treatment of three similar acute episodes resulted in similar clinical responses. There was no spontaneous improvement in the haemolytic anaemia or splenomegaly when pyrimethamine was initially withheld for 6, 1, and 1.5 months respectively during three of these episodes. Investigations did not reveal an immunodeficiency state. This case suggests the possibility of a previously unreported causal association between acquired toxoplasmosis and haemolytic anaemia in a child. PMID- 6529394 TI - Differences between strains of Bacteroides nodosus in their effects on the severity of foot-rot, bodyweight and wool growth in Merino sheep. AB - The effects of 3 ovine and one bovine strains of Bacteroides nodosus on the severity of foot-rot, bodyweight and wool growth were compared in Merino sheep in a field experiment. Based on the severity of the induced foot lesions, one strain was classed as virulent (causing underrunning lesions in most feet), one was benign (causing lesions of the interdigital skin only), and 2, including the bovine strain, were of intermediate virulence (causing underrunning lesions in a small proportion of feet). Differences among strains in their effect on foot-rot severity and bodyweight were significant when compared over the whole experimental period, but were not significant at any single time of measurement, because of large differences between replicates. Bodyweight loss and severity of foot-rot caused by the virulent strain were significantly greater than that caused by the benign strain. The intermediate strains lay between these 2 extremes in terms of both bodyweight and foot-rot scores but were not significantly different from either in a statistical sense. Total greasy wool weight did not differ among groups over the whole experiment, but the rate of wool growth during the period when foot lesions were most prevalent and severe was reduced appreciably by the virulent strain and to a lesser extent by the intermediate strains. PMID- 6529395 TI - Histopathology of experimental brucellosis in rams following vaccination with Brucella ovis. AB - Lesions induced by inoculation of Brucella ovis into the epididymis were compared in rams previously vaccinated with B. ovis bacterin and unvaccinated rams. Inoculation of killed B. ovis did not produce significant lesions in either group whereas prior vaccination exacerbated epididymal lesions following inoculation of live B. ovis. Increased numbers of neutrophils, macrophages and lymphocytes were present in the interstitium and neutrophilic infiltration of the epididymal duct epithelium and intraepithelial cyst formation was more prominent. The inflammatory response surrounding extravasated spermatozoa was more severe in vaccinated rams but it was not determined if the response was directed at spermatozoa or intermixed brucellae, or both. PMID- 6529396 TI - A survey of heartworm in dogs in Australia. AB - A survey conducted throughout Australia indicated that Dirofilaria immitis was far more widespread than previously described. It was prevalent throughout Queensland and New South Wales, including the western regions and was increasing in incidence. Confusion exists as to which diagnostic tests to use and the methods of treatment are extremely variable. PMID- 6529397 TI - Staggers in sheep associated with the ingestion of Tribulus terrestris. AB - The history of an unusual locomotory disturbance of sheep is traced from its first recognition in 1937 through to the most recent outbreak in 1981-83. The condition occurred only at certain times and in restricted areas of the central and northern slopes districts of New South Wales. Outbreaks were repeatedly associated with drought periods during which sheep grazed large areas of Tribulus terrestris for many months at a time. Many thousands of sheep were affected, but the prevalence varied greatly between flocks. The course of the disease was characterised by a slowly developing, irreversible, asymmetrical, weakness of the hindlimbs. The clinical signs suggested that a lesion of the thoraco-lumbar spinal cord region was present. The macroscopic and microscopic examination of the nervous and musculoskeletal systems failed to demonstrate abnormalities which would account for the clinical signs. Haematological, biochemical and toxicological test results supported the concept of a neuromuscular disease process being present, but failed to indicate its aetiology. PMID- 6529398 TI - Accidental arsenical toxicity of cattle. PMID- 6529399 TI - Suppurative peritonitis in cats associated with anaerobic bacteria. PMID- 6529400 TI - Photosensitive psoriasis. PMID- 6529401 TI - Allopurinol hypersensitivity: a potentially life threatening reaction. PMID- 6529402 TI - A case of mycosis fungoides treated with etretinate. PMID- 6529404 TI - Erythema multiforme: epidemiology, clinical characteristics and natural history in fifty-nine patients. PMID- 6529403 TI - Reverse halo naevus. PMID- 6529405 TI - Camouflage therapy. PMID- 6529406 TI - The current status of two sublines of the Roman High and Low Avoidance strains. PMID- 6529407 TI - Genotypic differentiation of Roman selection lines did not "disappear" with inbreeding. PMID- 6529408 TI - Effects of inbreeding on Raven matrices. PMID- 6529409 TI - Social class in adopted and nonadopted siblings. PMID- 6529410 TI - Computer-aided diagnosis of plant species by chromatin ultrastructure and genome analysis. AB - Nuclear ultrastructure in non-cycling cells of plants is fairly species specific, whereby the most important parameter is the percentage of condensed chromatin. Therefore, the automated analysis of electron micrographs of ultrathin sections of plant nuclei allow recognition of the species embedded. Flow-sorted, fluorochrome stained nuclei permit the detection of small evolutionary changes in genome organization (e.g. in cell cultures). Moreover, new computer programs for the analysis and comparison of denaturation and renaturation curves allow the diagnosis of plant species at the genome level and to detect differences in certain DNA fractions between species. PMID- 6529411 TI - An autoradiographic study on the proliferative activity in the juvenile chick adrenal cortex. AB - Proliferative activity in the adrenal cortex of 10 days old chick was studied using autoradiographic technique with tritiated thymidine. The study provides an approximate distribution of DNA synthesizing and/or dividing cells in the chick adrenal cortex. The data indicate the presence of dividing cells both in the subcapsular zone (SCZ) and the inner zone (IZ) and their low or non-migratory activity within 360 hrs after injection of the isotope. This clearly suggests that both the SCZ and IZ are proliferative in chick adrenal. PMID- 6529412 TI - Adrenal cortex hormones and small intestine of adult rat: morphology, purity and enzymatic activities of isolated microvillous vesicles. AB - An electron microscopic and enzymatic investigation was carried out to assess the purity as well as the morphologic integrity of small intestine microvillous membrane vesicles prepared from the following groups of adult rats: untreated (normals); adrenalectomized and pair-fed controls; treated for 8 days with corticosterone (1 and 10 mg X 100 g-1 body weight X day-1), and relative controls. Electron microscopy observation of ultrathin sections of ruthenium red stained vesicles from all groups showed that the microvillous membranes were structurally intact and virtually uncontaminated by material from other subcellular structures. The vesicles presented a fuzzy, intensely ruthenium red positive layer in their outer membranes. Apparently no alteration was induced in microvillous membrane by adrenalectomy, semistarvation or corticosterone treatment. The values of the enrichment factors for alkaline phosphatase and sucrase were similar for all the groups, indicating a high grade of purity of the preparations. Adrenalectomy and high dose of corticosterone decreased the vesicles content of alkaline phosphatase; sucrase was increased by semistarvation and adrenalectomy. PMID- 6529413 TI - Sister chromatid exchange analysis in cultured peripheral blood leukocytes of the coldwater marine fish, Pacific staghorn sculpin (Leptocottus armatus): a feasible system for assessing genotoxic marine pollutants. AB - The genotoxicity of environmental contaminants and test compounds to aquatic and marine fish has primarily been assessed by in vivo techniques that require sacrifice of the test organism for analysis. The major objective of this research was to develop an in vitro sister chromatid exchange (SCE) assay which would utilize cultured peripheral blood leukocytes (PBLs) of a coldwater marine fish species. Use of PBLs in cytogenetic genotoxicity tests has several advantages, the major one being that the experimental fish need not be sacrificed for sample collection. In addition, this nondestructive method of tissue collection permits the investigator to take multiple samples from a single individual and thereby allows the use of an individual as its own control and to monitor its SCE frequency over time. A suitable in vitro culture method for fish PBLs was a prerequisite for cytogenetic analysis of this tissue. The in vitro culture conditions necessary to provide a sufficient number of dividing cells for performance of the SCE assay were established in our laboratory for the PBLs of the Pacific staghorn sculpin (Leptocottus armatus), a common bottom-dwelling Puget Sound fish. The major components of this culture system are heparinized whole blood, fetal bovine serum-supplemented enriched tissue culture medium (RPMI 1640), purified protein derivative of tuberculin as a mitogen, and an incubation temperature of 13.5 degrees C. This in vitro PBL culture system is unique because it involves cultured blood cells from a coldwater marine fish species. Using this culture method, SCE induction was investigated in Pacific staghorn sculpin PBLs which had been exposed in vitro to N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG), a known direct-acting inducer of SCEs. Cultured cells exposed in vitro responded to MNNG in a dose-related manner in regard to SCE induction, and the frequency of "outlier" cells increased at the higher concentrations of MNNG. With further development, this technique may be adaptable for use with in vivo genotoxicity studies and provide information concerning the induction and persistence of chemically induced SCEs in fish. This PBL/SCE assay may also be a feasible assessment tool for detecting exposure of marine fish to genotoxic environmental contaminants in laboratory and field situations. PMID- 6529414 TI - SCE induction by indirect mutagens/carcinogens in metabolically active cultured mammalian cell lines. AB - Sister chromatid exchange (SCE) analysis in a total of 20 cultured mammalian cell lines of various types exposed to a variety of indirect mutagens/carcinogens suggested that, among these, several human and rat tumor cell lines are intrinsically capable of metabolizing a wide range of mutagens/carcinogens into genotoxic forms to induce SCEs. These cells may therefore serve as simple in vitro SCE test systems for screening of activation-dependent genotoxins without the use of an exogenous activating system. In addition, a comparison of the relevant metabolizing enzyme activity and inducibility of SCEs by mutagens/carcinogens in such cell systems appears to provide clues about the metabolic pathways related to SCE induction. Based on our own data and those in the literature, practical and theoretical advantages of the use of a direct activating SCE test system in genetic toxicology are discussed. PMID- 6529415 TI - Erythrocyte-mediated metabolic activation detected by SCE. PMID- 6529416 TI - The effect of erythrocytes and hemoglobin on sister chromatid exchange induction in cultured human lymphocytes exposed to aniline HCI. AB - Erythrocytes [red blood cells (RBCs)] possess aniline hydroxylase activity. When aniline interacts with ferrohemoglobin in the presence of molecular oxygen, oxidation of nitrogen and ring carbons occurs. Thus, apart from the liver, RBCs may represent an important site of aniline metabolism. Because 2 metabolites of aniline, o-aminophenol and phenylhydroxylamine, can induce sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs), we examined the ability of RBCs and hemoglobin to activate aniline to genotoxic intermediates as evidenced by SCE induction in human lymphocytes. Aniline HCI (0.05-1.0 mM) induced significant concentration-related increases in the SCE frequency only in the whole blood cultures. Similarly, inhibition of cell cycle kinetics by aniline was observed only in the whole blood cultures, as shown by a concentration-dependent decrease in the percentage of third- (and later) division metaphases. Mitotic indices were not affected significantly at any concentration of aniline or hemoglobin. Hemoglobin (500 or 1,000 micrograms/ml) alone induced significant concentration-related increases in SCEs in the mononuclear leukocyte cultures. Therefore, human mononuclear leukocytes do not activate aniline to genotoxic intermediates capable of inducing SCEs during a 48-hr exposure. However, the inclusion of RBCs and granulocytes provides an activation system as demonstrated by a small, but statistically significant increase in the SCE frequency in the whole blood cultures. The weak genotoxicity of hemoglobin may be related to production of oxygen radicals during autoxidation to methemoglobin.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6529417 TI - Development of rodent peripheral blood lymphocyte culture systems to detect cytogenetic damage in vivo. AB - Peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) offer many advantages for in vivo cytogenetic studies. They can be removed nonlethally from the animal allowing a subject to serve as its own control, permitting the analysis of cytogenetic damage over time. Furthermore, mature PBLs normally do not divide, and some populations are long-lived. Thus, they have the potential to accumulate DNA lesions during chronic exposures to genotoxicants. We have developed standard methodologies for the whole blood culture of rat and mouse PBLs to serve as models for determining the sensitivity of PBLs to cytogenetic damage. The cultures obtained with these protocols give reproducible results with high mitotic indices, stable baseline sister chromatid exchange (SCE) frequencies, and ample numbers of first-and second-division methaphases for scoring both chromosomal aberrations and SCEs. The methodologies have been especially useful for examining cytogenetic damage after inhalation exposures to toxicants such as ethylene oxide, formaldehyde, benzene, and nitrobenzene. Of these compounds, only benzene and ethylene oxide were found to induce significant dose-dependent increases in SCEs in PBLs. Also, dose-response curves have been obtained for several carcinogens administered by ip injection. These studies show that PBLs are sensitive indicators of the genotoxic effects of the carcinogens benzo (a)pyrene, 2-acetylaminofluorene, cyclophosphamide (CP), N-nitrosomorpholine, and ethylmethanesulfonate (EMS). In addition, because subpopulations of lymphocytes can be stimulated to divide using different mitogens, it has been possible to compare the sensitivity of murine B and T lymphocytes following in vitro and in vivo cyclophosphamide exposure. Once the sensitivity and selectivity of rodent lymphocyte cultures are determined, these assays should be valuable not only as a means for predicting which environmental agents could lead to increases in human cytogenetic damage, but also as a way to corroborate human cytogenetic studies. PMID- 6529418 TI - Elimination of cyclophosphamide-induced SCE in lymphocytes of rats with time post treatment. AB - Rats were treated intraperitoneally (ip) with 13.3 mg cyclophosphamide (CP)/kg. Blood was obtained by cardiac puncture 6,24,48,72 hr, 5 da and after treatment. The spontaneous sister chromatid exchange (SCE) frequency (9.94 SCEs/cell) was 4 fold increased (40.49 SCE/cell) in lymphocyte cultures set up 24 hr, after the CP treatment. Within the next 24 hr the SCE frequency began to decline and by 2 wk post-treatment the SCE values were within the control range. The results indicate that the elimination of damage to DNA by existing repair mechanisms is responsible for the reduction of SCEs with time, in addition to lymphocyte turnover. PMID- 6529419 TI - Detection of SCE in rodent cells using the activated charcoal bromodeoxyuridine system. AB - An in vivo method of sister chromatid differentiation based on the intraperitoneal (ip) injection of bromodeoxyuridine (BrdUrd) previously adsorbed to activated charcoal is described, as well as the protocols for the use of this method in spermatogonial, salivary gland and bone marrow cells, will be presented. Results on sister chromatid exchange (SCE) induction obtained in bone marrow cells using well-known mutagens, especially cyclophosphamide, are reported, and a comparison is made with the results obtained by other authors using different methods of BrdUrd administration. The usefulness of this in vivo system for chemical mutagen detection and for chemical mutagen action on SCE induction is discussed. PMID- 6529420 TI - Assessment of sister chromatid exchange in spermatogonia and intestinal epithelium in Chinese hamsters. AB - The induction of sister chromatid exchange (SCE) has been proposed as a predictive test for the identification of mutagens/carcinogens. The in vivo application of this test was investigated by examining the chemical induction of SCE in spermatogonia, intestinal epithelium and bone marrow cells from Chinese hamsters. Sister chromatid differentiation (SCD) was achieved in differentiating spermatogonial cells of male Chinese hamsters by the abdominal subcutaneous (sc) implantation of an agar-coated bromodeoxyuridine (BrdUrd) tablet. A number of genotoxins were administered intraperitoneally (ip) and the induction of SCE in spermatogonia and bone marrow was compared. A significant increase in SCE frequency in spermatogonia occurred following treatment with mitomycin C (MMC), cyclophosphamide (CP), or N,N',N"-triethylenethiophosphoramide (ThioTEPA). Treatment with busulfan, hycanthone (HC), or triethylenemelamine (TEM) failed to induce SCE in vivo in spermatogonia, but these compounds did induce SCE in bone marrow. Differences in cell cycle kinetics were considered to be the major factor involved in the differential induction of SCE in spermatogonia and bone marrow. The induction of SCE in intestinal epithelium was investigated as a system for the identification of genotoxins that may result from the metabolism of xenobiotics by the gastrointestinal flora. Nitro-aromatic compounds were administered orally to Chinese hamsters. Nitro-aromatic compounds were chosen for this study since the mutagenic activity of these compounds is thought to result from their metabolism by bacterial nitroreductase. Metronidazole (MN) and 2-nitro p-phenylenediamine (2NPPD) induced a dose-related increase in SCE formation in intestinal epithelium but not in bone marrow. Treatment with 3-nitro-o phenylenediamine (3NOPD) or 4-nitro-o-phenylenediamine (4NOPD) did not induce the formation of SCE in either intestinal epithelium or bone marrow. These findings indicate that studies in axenic animals will be required to elucidate the contribution of the enteric flora to the metabolic activation of some genotoxins. PMID- 6529421 TI - Removal and persistence of SCE-inducing damage in human lymphocytes in vitro. AB - The SCE frequency was studied in PHA-stimulated human lymphocytes exposed to various SCE-inducing agents in different stages of the cell cycle. Melphalan, HN2, MMS, and UV light were found to induce a higher SCE frequency in late G1 (18 24 hr after PHA stimulation) than in early G1 (1-6 hr after PHA) or G0 (before PHA stimulation). In contrast, CCNU induced more SCEs in early G1 than in late G1, and the adriamycin-induced SCE frequency was about the same after treatment in early and late G1. These results suggest that SCE-inducing lesions are being removed at different rates in human G1 lymphocytes. The removal of SCE-inducing HN2 lesions was found to be about 10 times more rapid in late G1 than in early G1, indicating the activation of a cross-link repair mechanism prior to DNA replication in human lymphocytes. Cells treated with MMS in the second G1 (after cultivation for about 55 hr in the presence of PHA and BrdUrd) showed a higher SCE frequency than cells treated with the same dose of MMS in the first G1. This result indicates that some type of interaction occurs between MMS damage and BrdUrd lesions in the DNA during replication, which leads to an enhanced induction of SCE. Analysis of SCEs induced during the 2 first vs. the third cell cycle in third-generation metaphases showed that most of the SCE-inducing damage caused by treatment with HN2 and melphalan in G1 of the first cell cycle are removed before the S phase of the third cell cycle, whereas damage caused by MMS and adriamycin seem to be more persistent. These observations suggest that the rate by which different types of SCE-inducing damage are removed or modified in resting (G0) of PHA-stimulated human lymphocytes can have a great influence on the SCE frequency. This is of practical importance in studies using SCE analysis to evaluate human exposure to suspected genotoxic agents in the environment. PMID- 6529423 TI - Complementation studies in murine/human hybrids suggest multiple etiology for increased rate of sister chromatid exchange in mammalian cells. AB - Two mutational changes which occurred in culture and are associated with a high rate of sister chromatid exchange (SCE) phenotype have been identified in the L A9 murine cell genome by means of complementation studies with somatic cell hybrids. Preliminary cytogenetical evidence suggests that the retention of human autosome 6 (namely the region comprised between Xq12 and Xqter) or human autosome 19 is required in the hybrid metaphases for complementation to occur, independently of their being derived from normal human or Bloom syndrome (BS) cells. These data and other complementation studies previously reported by our group and by other investigators suggest that mammalian cells may possess several independent systems involved in the control of SCEs during chromatid replication. Thus, the high rate of SCE can be regarded as the common phenotype resulting from a variety of qualitative or quantitative changes affecting the mammalian cell genome. Bloom syndrome is evidently an example of homozygosity for a recessive mutation occurring in nature. The high SCE mutants found among rodent cells (as those seen in unstable rodent-human hybrid cells) are more likely the result of chromosomal loss or rearrangement occurring in culture at one or more of the genetic systems hypothesized above. The occurrence of complementation within or between the species barrier, following cell hybridization or cocultivation, indicates the recessive nature of the corresponding mutations and the possible homology of the relevant genetic systems in different mammalian species. The isolation of rodent clonal cell lines with a stable high rate of SCEs and the production of somatic cell hybrids between them and BS cells offer a promising experimental tool for studying the biology of SCEs in general and the genetics of BS in particular. PMID- 6529422 TI - Serum- and plasma-dependent variations of benzo(a)pyrene-induced sister chromatid exchange in human lymphocytes. AB - Sister chromatid exchange (SCE) is frequently used to assess the potential mutagenicity of chemical agents to human beings. We demonstrate here that levels of SCE induced by benzo(a)pyrene (BP) in the widely used blood lymphocyte assay are influenced by serum and plasma supplements. Sister chromatid exchange induction by BP was greatest when using fetal calf serum (FCS), intermediate with newborn calf serum (NCS), and lowest with autologous human plasma (AHP). This new finding adds to a growing list of factors capable of modulating the SCE response and underscores the need for researchers to consider serum and plasma supplements in the standardization of the SCE approach in human mutagen assessments. The data also demonstrate the potential of SCE to aid in the study of serum factors which modify the mutagen sensitivity of human cells towards environmental carcinogens. PMID- 6529424 TI - Sensitivities of peripheral lymphocytes from healthy humans and cancer patients to induction of sister chromatid exchanges by genotoxicants. PMID- 6529425 TI - Value and significance of SCE in human leukemia and cancer. PMID- 6529426 TI - Sister chromatid exchange in phytohemagglutinin-stimulated lymphocytes of nonfamilial cutaneous malignant melanoma patients. PMID- 6529427 TI - SCE induction by cytostatics and its relation to iatrogenic leukemogenesis. PMID- 6529429 TI - Genotoxicity of antiamebic, anthelmintic, and antimycotic drugs in human lymphocytes. PMID- 6529430 TI - The SCE test as a tool for cytogenetic monitoring of human exposure to occupational and environmental mutagens. AB - The sister chromatid exchange (SCE) test system using human peripheral lymphocytes is proposed as a valuable tool for the cytogenetic monitoring of exposure to potential chemical mutagens in the occupational environment. We examined the SCE frequencies in organic solvent-exposed workers and reviewed the effects of occupational and environmental chemicals on SCE frequencies. The results obtained in these exposed populations are rather contradictory, which may be related to confounding factors, such as personal life style (smoking, drinking, and drugs) of the examinees, tissue culture conditions and the number of subjects examined. We discussed some practical problems for exposure estimation and sample size determination and are led to the following conclusions. 1) The possible combined effects of potential mutagens and cigarette smoking should be taken into consideration when using the SCE test system. 2) Cell cycle kinetic analysis by differential chromatid staining would provide valuable information as a biological indicator for the monitoring of the workers exposed to xenobiotics. 3) By appropriately setting the number of examinees, monitoring would become more efficient in detecting an increased SCE frequency in the exposed populations. Further studies are also required to enhance the sensitivity of the SCE test system for monitoring purposes. PMID- 6529428 TI - Practical applications of the SCE studies for guiding and improving chemotherapy. AB - The effect of diphylline (DP) or (1,2-dihydroxy-3-propyl)-theophylline and theobromine (TB) on sister chromatid exchange (SCE) rates induced in vitro by cytosine arabinoside (AraC) was studied in normal human lymphocytes. The combined treatments with AraC plus DP or TB showed the potentiating ability of the latter drugs. In a combined in vivo and in vitro study, lymphocytes taken from 14 patients suffering from various types of cancer who had been given Cytoxan (5 patients) or AraC (9 patients) by injection 3 hr before and then treated with DP or TB in vitro were found to have synergistically increased exchange rates. This has implications for interpreting the repair processes involved and for monitoring drug combinations that synergistically damage DNA in vivo and in vitro. PMID- 6529432 TI - Ethylene oxide and some factors affecting the mutagen sensitivity of sister chromatid exchange in humans. PMID- 6529431 TI - Sister chromatid exchanges in workers exposed to low doses of styrene. PMID- 6529433 TI - The relevance of sister chromatid exchange studies to public health: prevention and intervention. Introduction to a general discussion on the interpretation of sister chromatid exchange data. PMID- 6529434 TI - Effect of monensin on the performance of grazing Boran Zebu bulls and Ogaden sheep during the dry season in Ethiopia. AB - Two short-term experiments were carried out with the polyether antibiotic monensin in East Ethiopia during the dry season. Monensin was given to 10 Boran Zebu bulls (84 days) and 15 female Ogaden sheep (112 days). All animals were grazing all day long on very poor rangeland. In the barn during the night, the animals were fed low concentrates, supplemented with 100 mg monensin per animal and day for bulls and 15 mg for sheep. The animals of the control croup did not receive any supplements. Monensin addition increased the daily weight gain of bulls from 15 to 89 g/animal (alpha greater than 0.05) and decreased the weight losses of the Ogaden sheep from 22 to 12 g/animal per day. The feed intake of grazing animals was not registered. Further experiments are recommended including more animals and longer experimental periods with antibiotics influencing the rumen fermentation to be carried out under tropical rangeland conditions. PMID- 6529435 TI - Heterosis and heritability estimates of body weight in turkeys. AB - Crosses and backcrosses were carried out with two commercial varieties of turkeys (Black Bronze and White Ross). The birds of the White Ross strain had higher body weights at 12 and 16 weeks of age than the Black Bronze turkeys. The F 1 crosses were intermediate between the body weights of the parent varieties. For the 12 week body weight, heritability estimates were 0.62, 0.74, and 0.68 on the basis of the sire, dam, and sire plus dam components, respectively. The h2 values for the 16-week body weight were 0.55, 1.06, and 0.80, respectively. The estimates of maternal effects were 0.03 and 0.13 for the 12- and 16-week body weights. PMID- 6529436 TI - Biology, life-tables, and intrinsic rates of increase of Bulinus globosus Morelet and Lymnea natalensis Kraus (Gastropoda: Pulmonata)--the snail intermediate hosts of Schistosoma haematobium and Fasciola gigantica, respectively, in Southeastern Nigeria. AB - Two tables and a figure are used to present the epidemiological and epizoological particulars of Bulinus globosus and Lymnaea natalensis, the intermediate hosts of Schistosoma haematobium and Fasciola gigantica in Southeastern Nigeria. Possible ways of reducing the populations of these intermediate hosts are seen in the combined application of chemical agents and environmental shaping. PMID- 6529437 TI - A regulatory locus, Hdc-e, determines the response of mouse kidney histidine decarboxylase to estrogen. AB - Levels of histidine decarboxylase (HDC; EC 4.1.1.22) activity in female mouse kidney are modulated by estrogen (administered as implanted pellets). In some inbred strains HDC activity is induced by estrogen, while in others the enzyme is repressed. Immunoprecipitation with an anti-fetal rat HDC antiserum has shown that induction and repression of HDC levels are due to changes in enzyme concentration. Segregation analysis has identified a single additively inherited regulatory locus, Hdc-e, which determines the response to estrogen. The allele Hdc-eb (C57BL/10) determines induction, and the allele Hdc-ed (DBA/2) determines repression. Preliminary evidence indicates cosegregation of Hdc-e alleles with alleles of another regulatory locus, Hdc-c (determining kidney HDC concentration), and therefore putative linkage of Hdc-e with the HDC gene complex on chromosome 2. This is the first report of a mammalian regulatory gene controlling two opposite mechanisms, induction and repression in response to a single effector. PMID- 6529438 TI - Genetic polymorphisms of Pe and Po salivary proteins with probable linkage of their genes to the salivary protein gene complex (SPC). AB - Two new genetic polymorphisms (Pe and Po) are found in human parotid saliva. Each polymorphism is determined by the autosomal inheritance of one expressed (dominant) and one unexpressed (recessive) allele. Autosomal inheritance is supported by studies of 63 families including 264 children for Pe and 57 families including 242 children for Po. For randomly collected salivas, gene frequencies in 317 whites are Pe+ = 0.76 and Pe- = 0.24; in 408 whites, Po+ = 0.75 and Po- = 0.25; in 51 blacks, Pe+ = 0.76 and Pe- = 0.24; and in 59 blacks, Po+ = 0.77 and Po- = 0.23. Both Pe and Po proteins react immunologically with polyclonal antisera prepared to proline-rich proteins PRPs. The Pe protein has an isoelectric point of approximately pH 6.1-6.3, and the Po protein has an isoelectric point greater than pH 8.0. In randomly collected salivas, the Pe and Po proteins are associated with other known salivary PRPs. The Pe protein is most strongly associated with the CON 1 and Ps proteins, is less strongly associated with the Pr and Pa proteins, and is not significantly associated with the PmF, PmS, PIF, Db, Con 2, or Gl proteins. If it is assumed that the strength of these associations (presumed linkage disequilibrium) may be related in part to map distance, then these data roughly fit the linear order of PRP genes as previously determined from recombination data derived from family linkage studies. The Po protein is associated with the PmS protein. There is evidence for probable linkage of Pe and Po to the SPC (salivary protein gene complex): Pe to Pa (nine families, lod score at theta = 0 is 2.67) and Po to CON 2 (three families, lod score at theta = 0 is 2.35). PMID- 6529439 TI - Genetic variants of protease inhibitors against fungal protease and alpha chymotrypsin from hemolymph of the silkworm, Bombyx mori. AB - Many electrophoretic variants of hemolymph inhibitors of proteases from Aspergillus melleus and pancreatic alpha-chymotrypsin were found using 126 silkworm strains. Six inhibitors of the fungal protease were detected and eight of chymotrypsin; the distribution of inhibitors among Japanese, Chinese, and European races was investigated. Comparison of electrophoretic patterns from F1 hybrids and parents showed that the offspring produce inhibitors of both parental types. Segregation in F2 and backcrossing suggest that the expression of each inhibitor is controlled in most cases by a pair of alleles which are responsible for strong and null bands. Two bands of fungal protease inhibitors C and D were controlled by codominant alleles. These results suggest that polymorphism of hemolymph protease inhibitors in the silkworm would be a useful experimental system for the study of the genetic control of protease inhibitors. PMID- 6529440 TI - A new pyruvate kinase mutation with hyperactivity in the mouse. AB - A mouse mutant with pyruvate kinase (PK) hyperactivity has been found in offspring of 1-ethyl-1-nitrosourea (ENU)-treated male mice. The activity alteration was detected in the blood and could also be found in the liver but not in the muscle, kidney, heart, spleen, lung, or brain. Heterozygous mice have erythrocyte PK activity enhanced up to about 160% and homozygotes up to about 240%, compared to homozygous wild types. The mutation is codominantly expressed. The heterozygous and homozygous mutants are viable and fully fertile and do not show symptoms of erythrocytosis. The mutation does not affect the heat stability, the electrophoretic mobility, or the Km (for phosphoenolpyruvate) of the PK molecule. It is suggested that the regulatory locus of PK-1 is affected by this mutation. The observations support also the theory of one structural locus for the erythrocyte and liver isozymes. PMID- 6529441 TI - Esterase-26 (ES-26): characterization and genetic location on chromosome 3 of an eserine-sensitive esterase of the house mouse (Mus musculus). AB - Genetic variation of a codominantly inherited esterase, designated ES-26, has been discovered in the house mouse using isoelectric focusing in polyacrylamide gels. The ES-26A phenotype (pI 8.2) was found in C57BL/10Sn. A/J showed the ES 26B phenotype (pI 7.8-7.9). A third phenotype, ES-26C (double-banded: pI's 8.1 and 8.3), was observed in SJL/J. ES-26 was detected only in liver, stomach, and small intestine. The enzyme was shown to be controlled by the presumed structural locus Es-26, located on chromosome 3. From a four-point cross, the gene order Car 2--6.2 +/- 2.7--Es-16--21.0 +/- 4.5--Es-26--13.6 +/- 3.8--Amy-1 was established. PMID- 6529442 TI - Phylogenetical and ontogenetical studies on the molecular weight heterogeneity of bovine serum transferrin. AB - Antitransferrin (Tf) rabbit serum was highly specific: it reacted with Tfs of ruminants, such as European breeds and Zebu breeds of cattle, Bali cattle, banteng, swamp and river types of water buffalo, anoa, goat, sheep, deer, antelope, camel, and giraffe, but did not react with serum of other non-ruminant species, such as pig, wild boar, hippopotamus, horse, rabbit, rat, chicken, etc. Electrophoresis of Tf and immunoglobulin G (IgG) complexes was carried out using sodium dodecyl sulfate--polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Within ruminants, the following species showed two Tf molecules on SDS-PAGE; European and Zebu cattle, Bali cattle, banteng, two types of water buffalo, and two species of anoa. Other ruminants, sheep, goat, deer, antelope, camel, and giraffe, etc., showed only one Tf molecule. The Tf heterogeneity in molecular weight was, thus, restricted to Bos, Bubalus, and Anoa. The molecular weight of Tf of water buffalo was slightly larger than that of cattle on the gel. The peptide pattern from cyanogen bromide cleavage of Tf of the water buffalo differed clearly from that of cattle. Fetal Tf showed only one molecule during development, but a newborn calf has two Tf molecules, (one large and one small) within 18 hr after birth. We suggest, therefore, that the small molecules formed during the last month of gestation. The peptide patterns of adult and fetal Tfs cleaved by cyanogen bromide differed with regard to the two large peptides; fetal Tf, lacking the second-largest peptide, had twice the amount of the largest peptide compared with adult Tf. From these results, we suggest that a change in peptide sequence occurs from the last month of gestation, when the largest peptide is degraded to the second largest. However, a Tf-like protein detected in the liver microsomal fraction has only one molecular size, both in adult and in fetal livers. PMID- 6529443 TI - [2-D-NMR study of the conformation characteristics of toxin 3 from Naja naja siamensis venom]. AB - The spatial structure of "long" toxin 3 Naja naja siamensis in solution has been studied by methods of two-dimensional (2D) 1H NMR spectroscopy. The individual signal assignments for 67 out of 71 residues and analysis of nuclear Overhauser effects between distinct protons of the molecule allowed the comparison of the toxin 3 conformations at different pH values and temperatures. It was shown that the deprotonated imidazole ring of His22 residue (at pH greater than or equal to 7,5) is surrounded by the side chains of Cys17, Pro18, Val23, Cys24, Cys45, Ala46 and Thr48 residues. On the contrary, the protonated imidazole ring of His22 (at pH less than 4,0) is exposed into solvent. Ionization of His22 is accompanied by a change in the Tyr25 aromatic ring orientation and affects the conformational mobility of the Cys17, His22, Cys45 and Ala47 side chains. The revealed conformational features of toxin 3 in solution are discussed in connection with the differences between "long" and "short" neurotoxins in the kinetics of their binding to acetylcholine receptor. PMID- 6529444 TI - [Binding and activation of the first component of human complement on artificial matrices]. AB - Artificial sorbents that comprise macroporous glass covered by the copolymer of N vinylpyrrolidone and N-substituted acrylamide have been synthesized. Aminoethanol is bound to acrylic acid residue in one sorbent (AE-glass), whereas the other sorbent involves immunoglobulin G with the hexamethylenediamine spacer (IgG glass). C1q binds specifically to IgG-glass with Ka 4,07(+/- 0,32) X 10(7) M-1. Free energy of the C1q binding to IgG-glass is twice higher than that of its binding to monomeric IgG. This evidences that one C1q molecule associates with two IgG molecules of the sorbent. A weak nonspecific sorption of C1q to AE-glass was found. Both specific (on IgG-glass) and nonspecific (on AE-glass) sorption of the first component of complement activate the classical pathway in human serum as manifested in the consumption of the C4, C2, C3 and C5 components. IgG-glass was employed for C1q isolation from human serum by affinity chromatography, whereas unbound part of serum may be used as a reagent R1q. The yield of highly purified C1q after IgG-glass affinity chromatography and gel filtration on Sephacryl S-300 is 63,6%. PMID- 6529445 TI - Effects of feeding cholesterol and mixed plant sterols on the fecal excretion of acidic steroids in rhesus monkeys. AB - The effects of feeding diets with high or low amounts of cholesterol and with low or high levels of mixed plant sterols (sitosterol: campesterol: stigmasterol, 60:35:5) on the daily fecal excretion of acidic steroids were studied in rhesus monkeys. During periods of low dietary plant sterol, total fecal acidic steroid excretion was 43% lower (P less than 0.01) during low dietary cholesterol than during high dietary cholesterol. During periods of high dietary plant sterols the fecal acidic steroid excretion was 113% higher (P less than 0.01) with low dietary cholesterol than with high dietary cholesterol. Addition of mixed plant sterols to the low-cholesterol diet produced nearly a 2-fold increase (P less than 0.005) whereas, such an addition to the high cholesterol diet produced a significant decrease by about 53% (P less than 0.025) in the total fecal acidic steroid excretion. The results suggest that the effect of cholesterol feeding on fecal acidic steroid excretion depends on the level of plant sterols in the diet. This interaction of the effects of cholesterol and plant sterols on the fecal acidic steroid excretion is probably related to the inhibitory effect of plant sterols on cholesterol absorption. PMID- 6529446 TI - Hyperlipemia and arteriosclerotic cardiovascular disease in the Polynesian population of Rarotonga. AB - Total cholesterol, total triglyceride and high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and their relation to arteriosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) were investigated in a population of Polynesian Maoris in Rarotonga who are becoming increasingly westernized. 8.5% of the population had plasma triglyceride elevations (triglyceride greater than or equal to 200 mg/dl), and the occurrence of hypertriglyceridemia was significantly higher in males than females. 5.8% of the population had elevations of total cholesterol (cholesterol greater than or equal to 250 mg/dl), and the proportion with elevation of total cholesterol was similar for males and females. 3.2% of the population had elevations of both triglyceride and cholesterol. HDL cholesterol concentrations were relatively low, and no sex differences were observed at any age. Analysis of lipoprotein cholesterol and triglyceride in a subset of those who had hyperlipemia indicated that the elevations of total cholesterol and triglyceride were mainly due to elevations of low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) triglyceride, respectively; furthermore, elevations of VLDL triglyceride and LDL cholesterol were significantly correlated with increase in VLDL apolipoprotein B (apo B) and LDL apo B, respectively. Although an appreciable prevalence of diabetes was observed in this population (male: 6.7%, female: 8.4%), the diabetes could not account for the hyperlipemia. Among 693 subjects between the ages of 30 and 59 years, approx. 3% of males and 1% of females had Q-wave changes, and 16% of females and 4% of males had ST-T changes. Among males with Q-wave abnormalities, hyperlipemia was more frequent. There was also increased frequency of hypertension in those with elevated lipids. The data indicate the occurrence of some hyperlipemia in this population which could be of the familial-combined type; the elevated plasma lipids may contribute to the increased frequency of coronary heart disease. PMID- 6529447 TI - Increase of electrophoretic mobility and of content of soluble proteins of human plasma beta-lipoproteins by incubation of plasma in vitro. AB - Incubation of human plasma at 37 degrees C was shown to induce an increase in the electrophoretic mobility of beta-lipoproteins. beta-Lipoproteins were isolated by density gradient ultracentrifugation after such incubation and their composition was analysed. Incubation decreased the content of free cholesterol and increased that of soluble apolipoproteins. The soluble peptides appearing in LDL upon incubation showed 3 major and 2 minor bands upon polyacrylamide disc gel electrophoresis. Two of the major bands corresponded to apolipoprotein C-III-1 and C-III-2 and one of the minor to apolipoprotein C-II. The addition of an inhibitor to lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) abolished the increase in electrophoretic mobility and to a large extent diminished the other reported effects of incubation. The hypothesis is put forward that during incubation of plasma at 37 degrees C the free cholesterol in the surface of LDL is removed through the action of LCAT, lipid transferases and exchange processes and is replaced in the surface shell by peptides which cause the change in electrophoretic mobility. PMID- 6529448 TI - Effect of fenofibrate on serum lipoproteins in subjects with familial hypercholesterolemia and combined hyperlipidemia. AB - The effects on serum lipoproteins were studied in 8 patients with familial heterozygous hypercholesterolemia and 9 patients with familial combined hyperlipidemia during an 8-week treatment with fenofibrate. VLDL, IDL, LDL and HDL were isolated by ultracentrifugation and precipitation. Lipids and apolipoproteins A-I and B were determined by enzymatic and immunonephelometric techniques, respectively. In hypercholesterolemia, administration of fenofibrate resulted in decreases of VLDL, IDL, and LDL (cholesterol -58.3%, -28.6%, and 24.4%), while, in combined hyperlipidemia, treatment with the drug lowered VLDL and IDL (-33.3% and -42.9%). HDL cholesterol and apolipoprotein A-I increased only in hypercholesterolemia (+22.9% and +6.9%). PMID- 6529449 TI - Vitamin E and lipoproteins in hyperlipoproteinemia. AB - The composition of vitamin E in serum and lipoproteins was determined in type I, IIa, IIb, IV and IV hyperlipoproteinemia and in normal subjects. Vitamin E was not specifically associated with any one of the lipoproteins but increased vitamin E levels were observed in VLDL when triacylglycerols level was increased (types IIb and IV); the same observations were noted in LDL when cholesterol level was increased (type IIa). PMID- 6529450 TI - A search for mutagens in human aortal lipid extracts. AB - In view of hypotheses suggesting mutagenesis is implicated in atherosclerosis, a total of 18 lipid extracts of human aortal tissues was examined by the standard Ames mutagenicity bioassay using Salmonella typhimurium or by a liquid modification thereof. One lipid extract of intimal-medial tissue contained detectable mutagenic activity against test strain TA98 in the liquid medium bioassay and against TA1538 in the standard plate assay following metabolic activation. Six other samples appeared to have weak activity against strains TA98, TA1538, or TA100. The other aortal samples were nonmutagenic. PMID- 6529451 TI - Differences in bovine aortic smooth muscle cells cultured from spontaneous atherosclerotic lesions of different severity within the same vessel. AB - Smooth muscle cells from normal segments, fatty streaks and fibrous plaques spontaneously arisen in the ascending part of the aorta of young normal bulls were grown in culture. Cells from fatty streaks proliferated more rapidly and grew to higher densities than the other cells, but collagen secretion did not differ from controls. In cells from fibrous plaques, however, proliferation rate and final density were the same as for controls, but collagen secretion was significantly increased, both at high and low cell density, compared to the other cells. These cell characteristics were evident in the first as well as in the fifth cell passage. The results support the view that the cell phenotype changes as the atherosclerotic lesions get more advanced, and these changes might be due to senescence and/or selection. PMID- 6529452 TI - Identification of speech disorders. AB - This article focuses on the early identification and referral of children who may have speech disorders. A distinction is made between speech and language, i.e., speech is the spoken vehicle by which we communicate our thoughts, as expressed symbolically through language. The evaluation of speech should be performed systematically by the assessment of four basic components of speech: phonation, resonance, articulation, and prosody. Suggestions regarding management and referral are presented. PMID- 6529453 TI - Severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia in the very low birth weight infant: its relationship to developmental outcome. AB - The purpose of this study was to evaluate the developmental outcome of a group of very low birth weight children (VLBW) with and without severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), at the time of discharge from the nursery. Children matched for birth weight and gestational age with mild or no BPD served as controls. All of the children were evaluated developmentally at two years of age, using the Bayley Scales of Infant Development. Neuromotor function was assessed by occupational and physical therapists. The data suggested that children with severe BPD performed more poorly on developmental testing and had a higher incidence of neuromotor pathology than did controls. However, the controls did manifest suspicious neuromotor findings. The data suggest that infants with BPD are not a homogeneous group. Very low birth weight infants, whether or not they have severe BPD, are at risk for having developmental delays. These infants should be closely monitored from the time of nursery discharge. PMID- 6529454 TI - Latchkey children. AB - This report reviews the subject of latchkey children. It provides statistics on the number and ages of children involved and the hours per day that they remain without parental supervision. The results and methodological problems of the few studies on latchkey children are discussed, and suggestions for future research are offered. Possible solutions for these children and their parents are suggested. PMID- 6529456 TI - Safety in the scanning electron microscopy laboratory--1984 update. AB - Recent information on hazards as they relate to safety in the SEM laboratory has been compiled. The paper concentrates on recent information on formaldehyde, embeddants, and a reminder of the possible hazards of photographic chemicals. A review of formaldehyde does not substantiate it as a human carcinogen or mutagen. However, the other hazards associated with it suggest that formaldehyde needs to be handled with care. The recent substantiation of epoxy resins as mutagens suggests that all operations involving embeddants should be undertaken in an effective fume hood. Other precautions are also important. The hazards of photographic chemicals need to be reiterated. It should also be pointed out that adequate ventilation of dark rooms would do a lot to reduce this hazard. PMID- 6529455 TI - Sexual maturation, social class, and the desire to be thin among adolescent females. AB - Veblen's 1899 hypothesis that associated a female desire for thinness with the higher social classes was tested with data from a representative national sample of adolescents, 12 to 17 years of age, in the National Health Examination Survey. Controlling for the actual level of fatness, adolescent females in higher social classes wanted to be thinner more often than those in lower classes. The greater female desire for thinness was not the product of health information nor of sex differences in the level of fatness. The thinner the female, the greater the impact of social class on the desire for thinness. During puberty, adolescent females negatively evaluated the body fat associated with normal sexual development. PMID- 6529457 TI - Lack of efficacy of high-dose verapamil in preventing brain damage in baboons and pigs after prolonged partial cerebral ischemia. AB - There has been mounting speculation that calcium antagonists may be useful in reducing or preventing brain damage after cardiopulmonary resuscitation. To test the clinical usefulness of these agents in averting such damage, high-dose verapamil was administered to baboons and pigs after partial cerebral ischemia for varying periods of time. In Group A baboons and pigs, the major aortic branches supplying the carotid and vertebral circulations were clamped for periods ranging from 15 to 150 minutes, and neurological recovery was observed. In Group B, verapamil hydrochloride 0.7 mg/kg was given by intravenous infusion after similar periods of arterial occlusion. The administration of verapamil did not lead to any clinically improved neurological outcome. The use of verapamil after prolonged periods of partial cerebral ischemia did not improve neurological recovery in baboons and pigs. PMID- 6529458 TI - Emergency department utilization during a doctors' strike. AB - Emergency department (ED) patient volume at Jerusalem's Shaare Zedek Hospital was 33% higher during the 1983 doctors' strike as compared with the same period in 1982. Excess visits were recorded for both sexes (P less than 0.0001), but there were many more excess visits by females than males. The largest increase in visits by adults (60-70%) was in persons aged 40-64 years (P less than 0.02), and there was also a large and unexplained increase in ED visits by girls under age 6 (P less than 0.0003). In contrast to excess ED visits, which were higher during the strike for both sexes, excess hospital admissions via the ED were recorded only among females (P = 0.007). The number of ED visits during the strike was increased on all three hospital work shifts (P less than 0.0001), with the greatest number of excess visits occurring between 7 AM and 3 PM. PMID- 6529459 TI - The 911 emergency telephone number: impact on emergency medical systems access in a metropolitan area. AB - The telephone number 911 is designated for public use in requesting emergency assistance. It is thought to reduce response time by reducing the interval between the decision to call for assistance and the notification of an agency that can dispatch the appropriate services. The experience of the Twin Cities metropolitan area of Minneapolis-St. Paul provides a unique opportunity to examine this assumption. Prior to the introduction of the 911 emergency telephone number on December 1, 1982, the area was serviced by over 100 different seven digit emergency telephone numbers. Before the introduction of 911, 347 callers who activated the emergency medical services (EMS) system were interviewed, and after 911 was introduced, 305 callers were interviewed. Activation of the EMS system by making one call in less than 1 minute was achieved by 219 of 347 callers (63%) in the pre-911 phase and by 251 of 305 callers (82%) in the post 911 phase (P less than 0.001). Compliance (use of an appropriate emergency number for the first call) was demonstrated by 139 of 347 callers (40%) in the pre-911 phase, and 225 of 305 callers (74%) in the post-911 phase (P less than 0.001). Rapid activation of the EMS system was rarely achieved by calling a hospital or physician first. Overall, 911 was found to be a more efficient means of activating the EMS system. PMID- 6529460 TI - Emergency catheterization of the superior vena cava in pediatric patients. AB - All emergency department attempts at superior vena caval catheterization at Hennepin County Medical Center from 1978 to 1982 in patients less than 13 years of age are reviewed. There were 60 attempts on 41 patients who had life threatening conditions. Forty-one (68.3%) catheterization attempts were successful, and 37 (90.2%) of the patients had at least one central catheter placed. There were no complications that affected any patient's hospital course or outcome. This series demonstrates that percutaneous central venous catheterization can be performed on seriously ill or injured children, under emergency conditions, with a high rate of success and low incidence of complications. PMID- 6529461 TI - Pediatric cardiopulmonary arrest in the emergency department. AB - A prospective observation of cardiopulmonary resuscitation was made at an active municipal pediatric emergency department. Pediatric cardiorespiratory arrest, documented in only 26 patients over a 12-month period, was unusual. Fifteen were less than 1 year old, and four children survived to discharge. Asystole was present in 24 of 26 patients with cardiac arrest. Congenital abnormalities were present in 23% of patients; however, these accounted for 50% of the survivors. The overall survival rate was 15.4%. Suggestions for termination of resuscitation are given. PMID- 6529462 TI - The relationship of ingested iron to the absorption of mercuric oxide. PMID- 6529463 TI - Bretylium in severe ventricular arrhythmias associated with digitalis intoxication. AB - Bretylium has been well-recognized as an effective antiarrhythmic agent for acute ventricular arrhythmias, but its use is believed to be contraindicated in digitalis intoxication. We report of two patients in whom digitalis-induced malignant ventricular arrhythmias were refractory to lidocaine. One patient had had repeated episodes of ventricular fibrillation associated with digitoxin and quinidine intoxication, and one patient had had malignant premature ventricular beats associated with digoxin intoxication. Cardiac electrical activity was paced in both instances. In the two patients, ventricular arrhythmias rapidly resolved, and no side effect was encountered. These observations support the administration of bretylium for severe digitalis-induced ventricular arrhythmias. PMID- 6529464 TI - Esophageal rupture complicating Heimlich maneuver. PMID- 6529465 TI - Cough fracture of the ribs. AB - A case of multiple rib fractures induced by a paroxysm of coughing in an elderly women is presented. The cough mechanism and theories of the mechanism of injury are reviewed, as well as the complications and treatment of the injury. The disorder may be underdiagnosed and should be considered in any patient with an acute onset of chest pain following coughing or sneezing. PMID- 6529466 TI - Fat plane radiological signs in wrist and elbow trauma. AB - With most elbow or wrist injuries, if fractures are not evident, they are probably nonexistent. But in a small percentage of cases, these signs serve to lower diagnostic thresholds. Of the four fat plane signs reviewed, the posterior fat pad sign and the navicular fat stripe seem to be more valuable than the supinator and pronator quadratus signs. However, each is useful in its own way. Although the clinical appearance of the extremity may dictate the same initial treatment whether or not a fracture is found, early identification of more subtle fractures will avoid delay of definitive treatment and provide a better estimation of healing time. None of these signs alone is completely reliable; they should be used as adjuncts in fracture diagnosis. Finally, no sign is specific to one type of fracture, although one or two types of occult fractures are most commonly identified on supplementary views when such signs are positive. PMID- 6529467 TI - Heated inhalation treatment of hypothermia. PMID- 6529468 TI - The movable medical crisis: a parable in critical-care medicine. PMID- 6529470 TI - A plea for open-chest CPR. PMID- 6529469 TI - Have we forgotten basic life support? PMID- 6529471 TI - Open-chest CPR: not yet. PMID- 6529472 TI - A first report of paediatric sarcoidosis in Thailand. PMID- 6529473 TI - The immunosuppressive effect of palmyrah (Borassus flabellifer) flour is not associated with its neurotoxic fraction. PMID- 6529474 TI - Immunological abnormalities in sarcoidosis. PMID- 6529475 TI - Epidemiology of HBV infection in Singapore. PMID- 6529476 TI - Experimental and clinical results with the Corynebacterium granulosum-derived immunomodulator P40. PMID- 6529477 TI - Mechanisms of antibody-dependent cytotoxicity of rat cells to microfilariae: effects of metabolic inhibitors and electron microscopic observations. PMID- 6529478 TI - Concurrent evaluation of Widal and counter-immunoelectrophoresis tests for enteric fever. PMID- 6529479 TI - Further studies on resistance to reinfection with Schistosoma japonicum in mice. PMID- 6529480 TI - Factors contributing to the development of cerebral malaria. PMID- 6529481 TI - Effects of immunotherapy on Thai asthmatic children. PMID- 6529482 TI - A study of intracutaneous skin tests and radioallergosorbent tests on 1,000 asthmatic children in Taiwan. PMID- 6529483 TI - Allergic status of children in an Indonesian village. PMID- 6529484 TI - HLA-A, B, haplotypes in normal southern Chinese and a lack of associations in renal failure. PMID- 6529485 TI - Resistance to chemioantibiotics of Salmonella strains isolated from people employed in food production and distribution in 1982. AB - From healthy carriers, working in the alimentation field in the milanese area 2144 serotypes of Salmonella have been isolated in 1982, on which sensitivity towards 19 chemioantibiotics has been tested selecting them among those mostly employed in therapy. A remarkable resistance of isolated strains has been observed towards streptomycin (91.77%) and rifampicin (82.00%) and a low resistance towards sisomycin (1.21%) and cefotaxime (1.30%). 402 resistance patterns with various degree have been noticed towards up to 11 chemioantibiotics, particularly among Salmonella strains belonging to those of long lasting circulation of B, C and D serological groups. The importance from the epidemiological point of view of the presence of Salmonella strains with multiple resistance among staff working in the alimentation field is stressed, because they may be considered as incubation sites for the appearance of alimentary salmonellosis. PMID- 6529486 TI - Attempts at characterizing the allergens of cat saliva and fur. AB - In the framework of a wide program aimed at identifying various animal allergens, it was deemed interesting to study cat fur and saliva antigens. Cat fur and saliva extracts were prepared. Cat saliva antiserum was raised in rabbits with cat saliva as antigen. Immunochemical techniques such as isoelectric focusing, blotting, CIE, CRIE, fused rocket immunoelectrophoresis, line immunoelectrophoresis were implemented in order to identify the allergens and their isoelectric point, to perform the antigenic and allergenic characterization of the candidate allergen, to define their molecular weights and last, but not least, to carry out the quantitative assay towards a standard. On the whole the results obtained, besides confirming some previous results, pointed out by literature (presence of Cat 1 and albumin in the extracts) do stress the presence of other allergens, and the possibility to implement isoelectric focusing and blotting, which avoids the use of animal antisera, for the allergen detection in biological materials. PMID- 6529487 TI - [Tetanus prevention in a hospital emergency department]. AB - Antibody titers to tetanus toxin in a group of 304 patients were estimated by means of the passive haemagglutination with turkey erythrocyte test. It appears that some sorts of workers, particularly the female subjects, do not get vaccinated against tetanus, although vaccination is provided for by law. Furthermore, it has been demonstrated that about 17% of the regularly vaccinated subjects are non protected and that antibody titers keep on protection levels in a high percentage of subjects even at a distance of ten years. PMID- 6529488 TI - Immunomodulating properties by Legionella organisms: an approach for antitumor perspectives? PMID- 6529489 TI - [Formulation and characterization of oral galenic forms in a sustained-release type matrix]. PMID- 6529491 TI - Physicochemical profile of tifluadom, an opioid 1,4-benzodiazepine. PMID- 6529490 TI - [Determination of the presence of iminodibenzyl in carbamazepine tablets]. PMID- 6529492 TI - [Bioavailability in man of oral formulations of flunarizine (drops and capsules)]. PMID- 6529493 TI - [A retrospective study on patients with chronic bronchitis treated with antibiotics]. PMID- 6529494 TI - [Pharmacokinetic aspects of controlled-release preparations]. PMID- 6529495 TI - 1-Halophenyl-N,N'-di-(2-heteroaryl)-methylendiamines and 1-halophenyl-3-(2 heteroaryl)-thiazolidin-4-ones as potential hypotensive agents. PMID- 6529496 TI - Hexaprazol: a new antiulcer drug with a cytoprotective action. PMID- 6529497 TI - [Stability of parenteral formulations of apomorphine]. PMID- 6529498 TI - [Changes in the transparency of dentin: computerized densitometric analysis]. AB - Computerized densitometry was utilized to carry out a quantitative and distributive study of dentin transparency in dental roots from different age individuals. By means of original software S.A.M. (Shape Analytical Morphometry) a densitometric reading of transilluminated whole dental root was performed and so obtained densitometric matrixes were worked for grey level classification and correspondent areas evaluation, false colour restitution, pseudotridimensional and row/column barr graphs, isodensity outlines and density inclination maps. Results are discussed for both age evaluation in forensic application and for altered dentin recognition in pathological conditions. PMID- 6529499 TI - [Innervation of the adrenal chromaffin cells of Anas boscas. Ultrastructural study]. AB - The authors report on ultrastructural study of large nerve trunks, preterminal section of axons and sympatic contacts with chromaffin cells in adrenal gland of "Anas boscas". Only in rare cases, islets of chromaffin cells occur in the deep parts of parenchyma and, in their center, a fray of nerve fibres can be described. PMID- 6529500 TI - Steroidal glycosides of Tamus communis. AB - From the rhizomes of T. Communis two steroidal glycosides were isolated and identified as dioscin [diosgenin bis-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1----2 and 1----4) beta-D-glucopyranoside] and gracillin [diosgenin-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1----2) beta-D-glucopyranosyl (1----3)-beta-D-glucopyranoside] by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy, MS (FAB) and chemical evidences. It is interesting to note that this is the first report of the occurrence of dioscin and gracillin in the rhizomes of T. communis. PMID- 6529501 TI - [Sterols in Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni]. AB - The sterol fraction of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni contains, essentially, the following sterols: stigmasterol (45,8%), beta-sitosterol (39,4%) and campesterol (13,1%). The individual components were separated, after acetylation, by HPLC with absolute methanol as eluant. The identification of the compounds has been carried out through NMR and MS, while the corresponding percentages have been desumed from the GLC data. PMID- 6529502 TI - Sterols from Equisetum arvense. AB - The sterol fraction of Equisetum arvense L. contains, essentially, the following sterols: beta-sitosterol (60.0%), campesterol (32.9%), isofucosterol (5.9%) and cholesterol (trace amounts). The identification of the compounds has been carried out through NMR and MS, while the corresponding percentage have been desumed from the GLC and HPLC data. PMID- 6529503 TI - [Effects of rigid dietary restrictions on the control of blood sugar in obese type II diabetic patients]. AB - The improvement of glycemic control obtained with weight loss in NIDDM obese diabetics is still lacking of a prediction formula to establish which would be the weight loss to possibly obtain a fasting normoglycemia. Nine NIDDM obese diabetics of both sexes (age 51 +/- 2,64 yrs; initial body weight 91,63 +/- 6,02 Kg., IBW 156,98 +/- 13,38%, fasting plasma IRI 27,58 +/- 6 microU/ml) were hospitalized and discontinued any therapy 10 days before the study. A diet of 600 cal/day was given for a mean period of 20 days. Daily preprandial blood glucose (at 08,00,12,00,19,00 h.) and body weight (on a precision scale) were recorded. Initial fasting blood glucose was 208,89 +/- 16 mg/dl. A mean weight reduction of 3.87 +/- 0.75 Kg was obtained (corresponding to an IBW of only 6,91 +/- 1,35%, being the final IBW of 150,08 +/- 13,59%) which led to a mean blood glucose concentration of 124,89 +/- 7,81 mg/dl. A significant individual linear correlation between weight reductions and mean blood glucose values was found for all subjects with wide differences in the individual slopes of regression lines. In conclusion small weight losses obtained with hypocaloric diets can lead to a nearly normalization of fasting blood glucose, also when the subjects are still well over their ideal body weight. PMID- 6529504 TI - [The electrical discharge of Torpedo marmorata under normal conditions and during hypoxia and anoxia. I]. AB - The electric discharge of Torpedo M. can be considered as an index of the metabolic activity of the electric lobe of C.N.S. In groups of 10 Torpedoes the electric charge was measured: the mechanical stimulus was obtained by the falling of different weights from a determinate height. The experiment was then repeated in conditions of hypoxia: a fall of the electric discharge values was observed. The experiment was also carried out considering the time: after 14 hours the condition of anoxia occurred. PMID- 6529505 TI - [Effects of dihydrodinoreburnameninol on the electrical discharge of Torpedo marmorata under normal conditions and during hypoxia and anoxia. I]. AB - The electric discharge of Torpedo M. can be considered as an index of the metabolic activity of the electric lobe of C.N.S. in groups of 10 torpedo the electric discharge was measured: the mechanical stimulus was obtained by the falling of different weights from a determinate height. Other 10 animals, to which the substance was administered, showed an increase of the electric discharge. The experiment was then repeated in conditions of hypoxia: a fall of the values of the electric discharge was observed. Finally the experiment was carried out considering the time: after 14 hours the condition of anoxia occurred. PMID- 6529506 TI - [Protection furnished by dihydrodinoreburnameninol on the electrical activity of Torpedo marmorata kept in water polluted by copper. I]. AB - Studies carried out on neurons of Torpedo M. showed that copper creates an action of cellular damage inducing the synthesis of free radicals. Two groups of Torpedo, one for the control and the other one treated with dihydrodinoreburnameninol, were kept in sea water containing CuCl2. Then the measurement of the electric discharge was made: it was observed a clear dicrease in the Torpedo kept in conditions of pollution from copper, while the administration of dihydrodinoreburnameninol showed a protective action on the damaging effects. PMID- 6529507 TI - [The use of prostheses in recurrent hernias]. AB - The use of inert plastic (Prolene mesh, 0,027 inches in thickness fournited by Ethicon) as preperitoneal prosthesis in repair of incisional hernias and inguinal hernia recurrencies has been investigated in 28 patients operated upon then 1977 to 1984. In 9 patients the inguinal approach was used with one recurrence (11%). In 9 patients the posterior approach through a midline incision has been used with two recurrences (22%). In 10 patients with incisional hernias there was only one recurrence (10%). Total recurrences rate was 14%. Most recurrences occur in patients operated from 1977 to 1980 (40%). Patients operated in the last period from 1980 to 1984 had no recurrences. PMID- 6529508 TI - Role of glossopharyngeal nerve on the control of pigeon cervical esophagus motility. AB - The effects of i) glossopharyngeal section on the occurrence of the primary peristalsis and ii) electrical efferent stimulation of glossopharyngeal nerve on the EMG activity were studied in the pigeon cervical esophagus. The results pointed out that glossopharyngeal nerve is an indispensable requirement for the primary peristalsis occurrence and that motor sequence is centrally programmed. PMID- 6529509 TI - [Plasma amino acids in patients with liver cirrhosis treated with lactulose]. AB - The altered plasma amino acid pattern (i.e. increased levels of aromatic amino acids and decreased levels of branched chain amino acids) is a characteristic feature of cirrhotic patients. Recently it has been proved that an increased net degradation of BCAA is positively correlated to the plasma NH3 level, strongly suggesting that these amino acids are molecularly involved in glutamine synthesis to detoxify ammonia in skeletal muscle. Lactulose, a synthetic, nonabsorbable disaccharide, is believed to actively promote excretion of ammonia from the body by causing it to be trapped in the acidified fecal stream and making it unavailable for absorption. Therefore therapy with lactulose could determine an increase of BCAA. The present study was undertaken to examine plasma amino acid pattern of ten patients with liver cirrhosis before and after lactulose therapy. No statistically significant changes of amino acids were observed. PMID- 6529510 TI - [Prospects for environment intervention following biological monitoring of exposure to chromium]. AB - The authors study the statistical distribution and the graphical representation of the urinary chromium values investigated during three consecutive years in three work environments of a same plant: polishing 1 degree, electrotyping, polishing 2 degrees, to evaluate the environmental situations of exposure and their variations. The adopted method, based on the graphical representation of the values in logarithmic coordinate paper, allows to quickly and carefully calculate the percent of the workers having urinary chromium values above the prefixed limits. PMID- 6529511 TI - [Projections to the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei studied in the rat by means of retrograde fluorescent tracers (fast blue, nuclear yellow)]. AB - Afferent projections into rat supraoptic nucleus (SO) and paraventricular nucleus (PVH) were studied with two fluorescent retrograde neuronal tracers: Nuclear Yellow (NY) and Fast Blue (FB). FB labeled cells were found into paraolfactory area (ACB), basolateral amygdaloid nucleus (ABL), lateral hypothalamus (LH), ventromedial nucleus (VMH) and dorsomedial hypothalamic)nucleus (DMH), tegmental nucleus of the pons (TPO). NY labeled cells were found into posterior hypothalamus (PH), dorsal raphe nucleus (DR) and tegmental nucleus of the pons (TPO). Few double-labeled neurons were found into TPO. The finding of double labeled neurons in the TPO is of particular interest. This latter nucleus is classically connected to the cerebellum trough the olivary nucleus and can serve as liaison for transmission of messages, e.g. vestibular, regarding spacial position variations. We can conclude affirming that quite a lot of informations of diverse nature converges on the SO and PVH nuclei that by efferent pathways may regulate hypothalamic neurosecretion, thus modifying the animal's behaviour response to different external stimuli. PMID- 6529512 TI - Influence of cerebral spinal fluid on the affinity of human red cells for oxygen. AB - The oxygen affinity of washed red cells suspended in their own plasma or in CSF has been studied to demonstrate a possible effect of CSF on the oxygen affinity of human haemoglobin. The CSF was found to reduce the oxygen affinity of haemoglobin significatively, and this was not imputable to the action of pH, PCO2, temperature, 2,3DPG A hypothesis to explain the data found and their clinical interest towards the regulation of brain oxygenation was formulated considering the Monod-Wyman-Changeux model and the effect of solutions on proteins. PMID- 6529513 TI - [Pre- and postoperative accommodative convergence/accommodation (AC/A) ratio: preliminary study of computer-assisted analyses]. AB - A group of 15 patients who underwent bilateral medial rectus muscle recession for esodeviation were analyzed for factors most closely correlated with the outcome. The data evaluated included age of onset of strabismus, refractive error, year of surgery, age of surgery, sex, preoperative esodeviation, and clinical assessment of preoperative heterophoria. Linear regression analysis was used to evaluate the relationships of these parameters. Computer-assisted logistic regression analysis and discriminant analysis were used to asses predictive variables for a postoperative increase in the AC/A ratio. PMID- 6529514 TI - Morphological characterization of lymphoid cells conjugates with scattered tumor target cells in organ imprints of Yoshida ascites bearing rats. AB - The authors analysed morphologically the ability of host effector cells to bind disseminated tumor target cells (pre-lysis) in vivo. Scattered tumor cells are morphologically visible stained with May Grunwald-Giemsa in the lung, liver, kidney, and spleen imprints of Yoshida ascites tumor bearing rats. Lymphoid cells can be seen binding disseminated tumor target cells in organs but not in the peritoneal cavity. This model may provide a useful technique for morphological studies on the in vivo conjugation capacity of host effector cells against tumor target cells. PMID- 6529515 TI - [Glutathione depletion and lipid peroxidation in the mouse brain after bromobenzene poisoning]. AB - Intoxication of NMRI Albino mice with bromobenzene is often followed by the appearance of neurological symptoms. The possibility was investigated that the intoxication results in glutathione (GSH) depletion in central nervous systems as seen in other tissues, and that such a depletion is followed by the development of lipid peroxidation. 18-20 hours after bromobenzene administration (15 mmoles/Kg, p.o.) GSH content of prosencephalic and metencephalic regions was depleted by 39 and 55%, respectively. Lipid peroxidation (measured by the tissue content of malonildialdehyde) was observed only when GSH content reached a threshold value, which was different for prosencephalon as compared to metencephalon (2-1.5 mumoles GSH/g and 1.2-0.7 mumoles GSH/g, respectively). Possible mechanisms underlying the phenomenon are discussed. PMID- 6529516 TI - [Basic studies on the photically evoked lid potential changes in rabbit, with special reference to orbicularis oculi reflex]. AB - In order to elucidate the origins of the potential changes in the eyelid elicited by flash stimulation in rabbits, their physiological properties were studied under various conditions. In the present study, they were specially discussed from the standpoint of orbicularis oculi reflex. The photically evoked lid potential changes were obtained with the summation technique by the signal processor (7 T 08, SAN-EI, Tokyo). In addition, the average summated responses of photically evoked lid MV responses, electroretinogram (ERG) and the electroencephalogram (EEG) were recorded simultaneously under dark-adapted conditions and studied polygraphically. The results obtained were as follows: The average photically evoked lid potential changes in rabbits were shown to be composed of early rapid and slow components and late slow component. The early rapid and slow components corresponded to dominant vibrations of the evoked lid MV responses and the a and b waves with oscillatory potential of the ERG. The early rapid components, which corresponded to dominant vibrations of the evoked lid MV responses, consist of positive, negative and positive components with peak latencies of 24.8 +/- 2.7, 29.4 +/- 3.7 and 33.1 +/- 2.5 msec, respectively. In the average lid potential changes led off bipolarly from medial and middle parts of the superior lid, the electromyographic components appeared corresponding to the evoked lid MV responses, although the electroretinographic components and late slow component were observed to decreased considerably in amplitude or disappeared almost completely, as compared with those obtained by monopolar leads. In the average lid potential changes obtained by flash stimulation to a single eye, the electroretinographic and electromyographic components disappeared almost completely in the occluded side.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6529517 TI - [Alterations in local cerebral glucose utilization during various anesthesia--the effect of urethane and a review]. AB - Anesthetic is thought to depress the energy metabolism or oxygen consumption of the brain as a whole. It has been clear, however, that anesthetic agent may either decrease or increase local metabolic rate of the brain since [14C] 2 deoxyglucose method made one possible to measure local cerebral glucose utilization. In this paper, the authors report the effect of urethane anesthesia on the local cerebral glucose utilization. We measured local cerebral glucose utilization by means of [14C] 2-deoxyglucose method in 87 brain structures of albino rats (about 300 g) under urethane anesthesia, 1 g/kg (n = 5), and conscious state (n = 6). When the whole brain metabolism was computed as a weighted average with the acid of the computerized image-processing system, there was 33% reduction in glucose utilization of the brain as a whole in the rats under urethane anesthesia. Urethane decreased the local rate of glucose metabolism, but the metabolic effect was not homogeneous throughout the brain. The neural structures in which no metabolic depression was observed were entorhinal cortex, many nuclei in hypothalamus, medial habenula-interpeduncular nucleus, nucleus tractus solitarius, and some white matters. The selective metabolic sparing in the habenula-interpeduncular system was also reported to be observed during chloral hydrate and enflurane anesthesia. However, the mechanism involved in the phenomenon remains unclear. In the discussion, we discussed the differential effects of various anesthetics of the local cerebral glucose utilization. We reviewed the literatures on the effects of various anesthetics; barbiturate, chloralose, chloral hydrate, enflurane, ketamine, nitrous oxide and halothane on the local rate of metabolism of the brain.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6529518 TI - [Onset-and end-of-dose dyskinesias induced by L-dopa treatment in a patient with juvenile parkinsonism]. AB - A 33-year-old male with diphasic dyskinesia was presented. He began to have difficulty with walking at the age of 27, and was diagnosed to have juvenile parkinsonism. For the past two years, L-dopa has been prescribed with good initial response. One year ago peripheral dopa decarboxylase inhibitor in combination with L-dopa was started, and he began to have involuntary movements. One hour after taking 2 tablets of EC dopa (L-dopa 100 mg + benserazide 25 mg), violent involuntary ballistic movements appeared in all four extremities which lasted for 15 minutes. For the following 50 minutes, his symptoms of parkinsonism markedly improved. The score of parkinsonism reduced by 58%, and he was able to walk. The plasma dopa level was increasing during this period. However, during decreasing period of plasma dopa concentration, he did not have end-of-dose dyskinesia. On the other hand, one hour after taking 500 mg of L-dopa involuntary choreic movements appeared in his right upper extremity for several minutes without any improvement of parkinsonism. Three hours and 20 minutes after taking L-dopa, he developed mild choreic movements for several minutes followed by marked improvement of parkinsonism for 30 minutes. The score of parkinsonism reduced by 79%. Thirty minutes later, he developed violent ballistic movements in all four extremities, lasting for 30 minutes followed by reappearance of parkinsonism. The concentration of plasma dopa was decreasing during this period.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6529519 TI - [Delayed radiation necrosis in the optochiasmatic region--report of two cases and review of the literature]. AB - Two cases with delayed radiation necrosis of the chiasmatic region following irradiation of the hypophysis for treatment of Cushing's disease were presented. Case 1 was a 36-year-old female who had reduction of visual acuity and bitemporal hemianopsia 2 years after 60Co-irradiation therapy (total 8000 rads) for Cushing's disease. CT scans showed low density in the pituitary fossa and irregular contrast-enhanced suprasellar mass, and metrizamide CT cisternography revealed the pituitary fossa filled with contrast medium. From those findings, secondary empty sella syndrome was suspicious. Case 2 was a 35-year-old male who had progressive visual disturbance 3 years after 60Co-irradiation therapy (total 9050 rads) for Cushing's disease. The right visual acuity was 0.05 and the left one was 0.1. Examination of visual field showed left homonymous hemianopsia. CT scans showed the contrast enhanced suprasellar mass extending to the right anterior thalamic region, and metrizamide CT cisternography detected secondary empty sella as same as that of Case 1. Both cases were treated by administration of steroid hormone intrathecally and orally which was not effective. Right frontotemporal craniotomies were performed. Intraoperative findings of the chiasmatic region revealed diffuse adhesions and thickening of arachnoid membrane with mesh-work of fine vascular proliferations and adhesiotomies were performed in both cases. On the postoperative course, visual disturbance did not improved in both cases. Histological examinations of the thicked arachnoids obtained intraoperatively showed the fibrous connective tissues with round cells infiltrations in both cases, and in Case 2, the small vessel in the arachnoid was occluded by organized thrombi. Authors reviewed and analyzed literatures of delayed radiation necrosis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6529520 TI - [Downbeat nystagmus during eye closure]. AB - We studied eye movements and clinical findings in 1225 patients with complaints of dizziness. Downbeat nystagmus was demonstrated in 11 patients during eye closure. Simultaneous vertical and horizontal eye recordings were examined to demonstrate vertical eye position during eye closure. Downbeat nystagmus appeared on midline position even during eye closure in six patients. An electrooculography was demonstrated in three out of above six patients. A 24-year old woman (Case 1) complained of a single spell of vertigo. There was no remarkable finding on neurological examination. An audiogram was an abrupt type sensorineural hearing loss in both ears. A caloric test was normal. Horizontal and vertical smooth pursuit was normal. Optokinetic nystagmus showed normal response in both horizontal and vertical planes. Both eyes were elevated on eye closure. They were depressed to the midline position with mental task and downbeat nystagmus appeared. A 68-year-old man (Case 2) had a history of dizziness on walking of three-year duration. On examination neurological findings were normal. A caloric test was normal in both ears. Optokinetic nystagmus and smooth pursuit were normal in both horizontal and vertical eye recordings. He had a transient eye elevation on eye closure. Both eyes immediately came downward to midline position and downbeat nystagmus was demonstrated. His nystagmus had persisted for four years. A 68-year-old woman (Case 3) complained of positional vertigo of seven-month duration. Neurological findings were normal. A caloric test was normal. There was a conductive hearing loss on the left ear. The right ear showed a normal audiogram.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6529521 TI - [Correlation between diffuse alpha wave pattern of EEG and hyperfrontal pattern of regional cerebral blood flow]. AB - Regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) was measured in three groups; (1) 20 healthy subjects, (2) 14 patients with diffuse alpha wave pattern of EEG, (3) 14 patients without diffuse alpha wave pattern matching with ages of group 2. In the group 2, one patient with transient ischemic attack, 7 with reversible ischemic neurological deficit, 3 with vertebro-basilar insufficiency, 2 with minor stroke and one with posttraumatic sequelae were selected for rCBF measurements. In the group 3, 3 patients with transient ischemic attack, 7 with reversible ischemic neurological deficit, 2 with vertebro-basilar insufficiency and 2 with minor stroke were selected for rCBF measurements. Electroencephalographic analyses were performed by using a BERG-Fourier Analyzer, simultaneously with rCBF measurements. All patients in the group 2 had diffuse alpha wave (generalized continuous simple rhythmic alpha wave--Hori et al) pattern of EEG. Regional cerebral blood flow measurement was performed with intracarotid injection method of 133Xe (10 mCi) by using the scintillation camera and on-line computer system. 133Xe clearance curve from the whole hemisphere were computed by height over area method. Regional value were obtained from brain areas of 6 mm X 6 mm. Mean hemispheric values were 59.2 +/- 7.9 ml/100 g/min in the group 1, 47.8 +/- 4.9 ml/100 g/min in the group 2 and 49.0 +/- 3.7 ml/100 g/min in the group 3. Although difference between group 2 and 3 was not significant, difference between group 1 and 2 was significant (p less than 0.001).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6529522 TI - Influence of atenolol and nifedipine on digoxin-induced inotropism in humans. AB - Short term effect of digoxin on left ventricular performance was studied in six healthy volunteers before and during atenolol or nifedipine administration. Left ventricular function was evaluated by systolic time intervals and echocardiography. No changes in left ventricular end diastolic or systolic dimensions occurred throughout the study, indicating unchanged ventricular pre- and afterload. Thus, changes in the systolic time intervals must be attributed to changes in cardiac contractility. Changes in the pre-ejection period index (PEPI) obtained from the systolic time intervals were used as a measure of digoxin induced inotropism. A concentration-response relationship between plasma digoxin level and changes in PEPI was revealed when digoxin was given alone. Atenolol did not influence the digoxin-induced inotropism at a given serum digoxin level. During nifedipine administration no inotropic effect of digoxin could be demonstrated. Thus, it is concluded that nifedipine attenuates digoxin-induced inotropism, while atenolol seems without this effect. These results are in accordance with previous experiments and reflect the different pharmacological sites of action of beta-adrenoceptor antagonists and calcium channel blocking agents. Plasma digoxin concentration, renal digoxin clearance and creatinine clearance did not change during atenolol or nifedipine. PMID- 6529523 TI - Effect of a new calcium antagonist, tiapamil, in hypertension of the elderly. AB - The antihypertensive effect of a single oral dose of tiapamil (450 mg) and placebo were compared in a single blind randomized cross-over study in 10 71-86 year old hypertensive patients. Blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) were recorded every 15 min for 12 h by an automatic device. Tiapamil led to a decrease in mean daytime systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) BP from 171 +/- 12/98 +/- 10 mm Hg to 159 +/- 11/90 +/- 9 mm Hg (P less than 0.001) without significant variation in HR. Thereafter patients received tiapamil 450 twice daily; by the seventh day of treatment mean daytime SBP and DBP were 155 +/- 13/85 +/- 14 mm Hg (P less than 0.001 vs placebo). The hourly mean values of SBP recorded for 8/12 h (first tiapamil day) and 10/12 h (seventh tiapamil day) were significantly lower than the corresponding values after placebo. We conclude that tiapamil in the elderly exerts a sustained antihypertensive effect lasting 12 h or more, with only minor variations in HR. This effect predominates on systolic pressure and is significant from the first dose. PMID- 6529524 TI - Propranolol concentrations in blood serum, seminal plasma and saliva in man after a single oral dose. AB - A single dose of 80 mg racemic propranolol hydrochloride was administered by mouth to six healthy male volunteers. The mean concentration achieved in seminal plasma at 2 h after dosing was almost identical to that in blood serum. The concentrations of propranolol in seminal plasma and saliva were much less than those known to reduce sperm motility by 50% in vitro. The concentrations in saliva did not reflect those in blood serum. Propranolol in the dose administered in this study is unlikely to affect fertility by its presence in saliva or semen. PMID- 6529525 TI - Flurbiprofen interaction with single doses of atenolol and propranolol. AB - In patients with mild hypertension, flurbiprofen in a dose of 100 mg daily for 7 days attenuated the hypotensive effect of a single dose of propranolol 80 mg but not of atenolol 100 mg. The attenuation was not due to an effect on the pharmacokinetic profile of either propranolol or atenolol. An alternative explanation is required. PMID- 6529526 TI - Effect of migraine attacks on paracetamol absorption. AB - The absorption of effervescent paracetamol (1000 mg) was investigated in nine female patients during a migraine attack and in the same patients when headache free. Migraine attack decreased (P less than 0.05) the areas under the serum paracetamol concentration-time curves (AUC) of 0-2 h, 0-4 h and 0-6 h and the peak serum concentration. The severity of nausea correlated significantly with the decrease in the AUC values. Our results support findings of delayed gastric emptying in migraine attacks. Both a delay and an impairment of drug absorption may follow. PMID- 6529527 TI - Single dose pharmacokinetic study of clobazam in normal volunteers and epileptic patients. AB - The pharmacokinetics of clobazam were studied in six healthy volunteers and six age and sex matched enzyme-induced epileptic patients. In the epileptic patients the area under the plasma concentration-time curve for clobazam was significantly smaller and the area under the plasma concentration-time curve for N desmethylclobazam was significantly greater than in the healthy volunteers. Plasma N-desmethylclobazam concentrations were found to be much higher than those of clobazam in the epileptic patients, raising the possibility that the antiepileptic properties of clobazam are to be attributed more to its metabolite than the parent drug. PMID- 6529528 TI - The effect of posture at the time of administration on the central depressant effects of the new hypnotic zopiclone. AB - Nine healthy volunteers swallowed 7.5 mg zopiclone in the standing and lying positions on different occasions. Plasma concentrations of zopiclone and psychometric tests, including simple and complex reaction time, and critical flicker fusion threshold, were performed at regular intervals after drug administration. The results show that when the drug was swallowed in the supine position, there was a significant delay in the onset of the impairment of psychomotor function, with prolongation in time to peak impairment by 30-40 min (P less than 0.02). The overall impairment in psychomotor performance was found to be significantly less after administration of the drug in the supine position (P less than 0.005). Pharmacokinetic analysis revealed a prolongation in lag time of greater than 20 min before absorption began (P less than 0.002) after supine drug administration, with a significantly lower rate constant of absorption (P less than 0.02). Area under the plasma concentration-time curve extrapolated to infinity and rate constant of elimination were not significantly different between the two modes of administration. We conclude that to obtain a rapid and complete effect from the hypnotic zopiclone, the tablet should be swallowed in the standing position. PMID- 6529529 TI - Evaluation of cyclosporin-phenytoin interaction with observations on cyclosporin metabolites. AB - We have observed that patients on concurrent cyclosporin and phenytoin therapy required increased doses of cyclosporin to maintain therapeutic concentrations of this novel immunosuppressive drug. We have, therefore, studied the influence of phenytoin on the pharmacokinetics of oral cyclosporin in six healthy male subjects. Cyclosporin concentrations in serum and whole blood were measured by high pressure liquid chromatography (h.p.l.c.) and radioimmunoassay (RIA). Concentrations of cyclosporin in whole blood were consistently higher than corresponding values in serum. Concentrations of cyclosporin determined by RIA were also consistently higher than those determined by h.p.l.c. Irrespective of the biological fluid (serum or whole blood) or the type of drug analysis (h.p.l.c. or RIA), changes in cyclosporin kinetics following phenytoin administration exhibited similar patterns. Phenytoin significantly reduced the maximum concentration and the area under the concentration-time curve and significantly increased total body clearance of cyclosporin. There was a statistically significant reduction of cyclosporin half-life (t 1/2) in whole blood using h.p.l.c. analysis. However, there was no significant change in cyclosporin t 1/2 in serum following phenytoin administration, using either form of drug analysis. Cyclosporin metabolites 17 and 18 were measured by h.p.l.c. in whole blood samples only, since these metabolites were found almost entirely in red blood cells. Phenytoin significantly reduced the Cmax and AUC of both metabolites, but no significant change was observed in the t 1/2 of either. Phenytoin enhanced the metabolism of antipyrine which was co-administered with cyclosporin to assess oxidative enzyme activity. We conclude that patients undergoing organ transplantation should be carefully monitored if they require phenytoin or other drugs known to accelerate oxidative metabolism. PMID- 6529530 TI - Drug metabolism in diabetic subjects with fatty livers. AB - The effect of fatty degeneration of liver parenchyma on drug metabolism was investigated in 21 obese non-insulin-dependent diabetic subjects by measuring plasma antipyrine kinetics, hepatic cytochrome P-450, liver size and the extent of fatty infiltration. The hepatic drug metabolising capacity, as measured by total antipyrine clearance and the estimated total amount of cytochrome P-450, was at the same level as in non-diabetic control subjects with normal livers. Relative antipyrine clearance (per unit weight of liver) and cytochrome P-450 concentrations were significantly lower in the diabetics than in controls. The extent of fatty infiltration correlated poorly with the indices of drug metabolism. In non-insulin-dependent diabetics, slight to moderate hepatic fatty infiltration, without more serious structural distortion interfering with hepatic blood flow or hepatocellular function, seems to have only a minor influence on drug metabolism. PMID- 6529531 TI - Pseudoephedrine and triprolidine in plasma and breast milk of nursing mothers. AB - Plasma and milk concentrations of pseudoephedrine and triprolidine were determined (by radioimmunoassay) in three lactating mothers over 12-48 h after ingestion of a combination medication containing 60 mg of pseudoephedrine hydrochloride and 2.5 mg of triprolidine hydrochloride monohydrate. Pseudoephedrine concentrations in milk were consistently higher than those in plasma. The total amount of drug in milk, as judged by areas under the respective curves (AUC), was two to three times greater than in plasma. Triprolidine concentrations in milk and plasma were more variable between subjects than those of pseudoephedrine. AUC values for milk and plasma were similar for one subject, while the plasma value exceeded that for milk in another woman. The fraction of the dose excreted in milk was estimated to be 0.4-0.7% for pseudoephedrine and 0.06-0.2% for triprolidine. PMID- 6529532 TI - Cimetidine alters pethidine disposition in man. AB - The effect of concurrent cimetidine administration on the disposition of pethidine was investigated in eight healthy male volunteers (18-31 years). The subjects received 70 mg i.v. pethidine HCl doses before and during cimetidine treatment (1200 mg/day p.o.). During cimetidine treatment, pethidine total body clearance (CL) decreased by 22% (0.611 +/- 0.101 [mean +/- s.d.] to 0.474 +/- 0.098 1 kg-1 h, P less than 0.05) and pethidine volume of distribution at steady state (Vss) decreased by 13% (4.79 +/- 0.82 to 4.16 +/- 0.75 l/kg, P less than 0.05). A cimetidine-induced reduction in pethidine oxidation to norpethidine was suggested by a 23% reduction in norpethidine area under the curve from 0 to 24 h (472 +/- 93 to 362 +/- 38 ng ml-1 h, P less than 0.05) and a 29% reduction in peak norpethidine concentration (26.7 +/- 5.3 to 18.9 +/- 1.9 ng/ml, P less than 0.05). There were no significant linear correlations of serum trough cimetidine concentration with percentage reductions in pethidine CL, pethidine Vss, norpethidine AUC (24), or norpethidine peak concentrations. It would appear that the cimetidine-pethidine kinetic interaction may be of sufficient magnitude to be clinically significant. Caution is advised when patients are treated concurrently with these two agents. PMID- 6529533 TI - Carbamazepine 10,11-epoxide in children. AB - Concentrations of carbamazepine (CBZ) and its 10,11-epoxide metabolite (CBZ-E) were measured in simultaneously collected plasma and mixed saliva samples from 15 children (aged 1-13 years). Saliva concentrations of CBZ and CBZ-E were measured in hourly samples taken from six of these children during dose intervals whilst on different dose or dose-frequency regimens. Saliva and plasma CBZ (r = 0.91; P less than 0.001) and CBZ-E (r = 0.91; P less than 0.001) concentrations were significantly correlated. The mean +/- s.d. steady state CBZ-E/CBZ concentration ratio in the six children was 0.40 +/- 0.21 and was similar at all times within the 12 h dose interval. The mean +/- s.d. percentage fluctuation of the combined CBZ + CBZ-E (103.0 +/-28.9) was significantly less than that of CBZ-E (145.5 +/- 52.8) but not CBZ (109.6 +/- 31.1). If CBZ and CBZ-E have equipotent anticonvulsant activity in man, the contribution of CBZ-E approximates to 30% of total anticonvulsant effect in children taking CBZ alone. PMID- 6529534 TI - Serum protein binding and the role of increased alpha 1-acid glycoprotein in moderately obese male subjects. AB - Serum protein and lipid concentrations as well as the serum protein binding of propranolol, diazepam and phenytoin were measured in normal weight and obese volunteers. Concentrations of alpha 1-acid glycoprotein (AAG) in the obese subjects were double that of the lean controls. Conversely, concentrations of high density lipoproteins (HDL) were decreased in the obese group. The serum binding of propranolol was increased in the obese subjects and correlated with serum AAG concentrations. Diazepam binding was slightly decreased in the obese as a result of lower serum albumin concentrations and elevated free fatty acids. The binding of phenytoin was comparable in all of the volunteers. These findings point out some of the complex pathophysiologic changes associated with obesity which may in turn influence drug disposition and hence drug therapy in the obese patient. PMID- 6529535 TI - The first pass metabolism of nifedipine in man. AB - Oral administration of nifedipine (20 and 30 mg tablets) to six volunteers was associated with a bioavailability of 0.43 and the presence of its nitropyridine analogue in the plasma. This metabolite was present in only trace amounts in samples taken from the same volunteers following i.v. administration of nifedipine. The peak plasma concentrations and area under the plasma concentration-time curve suggest that the nitropyridine analogue is a major, first pass, metabolite of nifedipine. PMID- 6529536 TI - Domperidone and levodopa in Parkinson's disease. AB - To study the absorption of levodopa and interaction with the extracerebral dopamine antagonist domperidone, 15 patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease were given levodopa 500 mg p.o., alone, and with domperidone pre-treatment. Domperidone pretreatment (10, 20, 40 mg, p.o., i.v. or i.m.) caused a mean 12% increase in peak plasma levodopa concentration, which occurred a mean of 10 min earlier than when levodopa was given alone. Parkinsonian disability scores were improved and peak clinical response occurred 16 min earlier with domperidone than without. Domperidone slightly increases the immediate bioavailability (over 4 h) and anti-parkinsonian response to a given dose of levodopa. PMID- 6529537 TI - The effect of food on the oral absorption of isosorbide-5-mononitrate. PMID- 6529538 TI - Dose-dependence of atenolol-ampicillin interaction. PMID- 6529539 TI - Monitoring free plasma concentrations of phenytoin. PMID- 6529540 TI - Parotid tumours in a district general hospital. PMID- 6529542 TI - External cephalic version under tocolysis. PMID- 6529541 TI - Gout in women. PMID- 6529543 TI - Psychometric tests and "latent" portal-systemic encephalopathy. PMID- 6529544 TI - An in-vivo study of the buffering effect of almasilate in eight volunteers. PMID- 6529545 TI - Evaluation of proctofoam as a post-operative analgesic in patients undergoing haemorrhoidectomy. PMID- 6529546 TI - Clinical evaluation of a topical anaesthetic preparation (pramoxine hydrochloride and hydrocortisone) in post-episiotomy pain relief. PMID- 6529547 TI - Monostotic fibrous dysplasia of the maxilla--one patient followed up for nine years. PMID- 6529548 TI - Oesophageal injury associated with emepronium bromide (Cetiprin). PMID- 6529549 TI - Bilateral congenital pseudarthrosis of the clavicles--case report and review of the literature. PMID- 6529550 TI - Fatal Salmonella septicaemia in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus and splenic atrophy. PMID- 6529551 TI - Purification of two distinct growth factors from bovine neural tissue by heparin affinity chromatography. AB - Two growth factors have been purified to homogeneity from either bovine hypothalamus or brain by heparin affinity chromatography. Both stimulate the growth of murine 3T3 fibroblasts and bovine capillary endothelial cells. One heparin-binding growth factor (HGF alpha), purified from either tissue by elution from heparin with 1.0 M sodium chloride, is obtained in a yield of 0.4 mg/kg of tissue. Its apparent molecular weight is 16 000 by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), and its amino acid composition is identical with that of the acidic fibroblast growth factor recently isolated from bovine brain by a multistep chromatographic procedure [Thomas, K. A., Rios Candelore, M., & Fitzpatrick M. (1984) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 81, 357 361]. A second growth factor (HGF beta), isolated from either tissue by elution from heparin with 2.0 M sodium chloride, is obtained in a yield of 0.02 mg/kg of tissue. Its apparent molecular weight is 18 000 by SDS-PAGE, and its amino acid composition differs from that of HGF alpha. These results confirm the existence of two distinct growth factors in bovine neural tissue and establish that the acidic endothelial cell growth factor from hypothalamus and the acidic brain fibroblast growth factor are identical. PMID- 6529552 TI - Interstrand psoralen cross-links do not introduce appreciable bends in DNA. AB - Analysis of the X-ray crystallographic structure of an 8-methoxypsoralen-thymine monoadduct has led to the suggestion that psoralen cross-links would bend DNA by as much as 70 degrees [Peckler, S., Graves, B., Kanne, D., Rapoport, H., Hearst, J. E., & Kim, S.-H. (1982) J. Mol. Biol. 162, 157-172]. DNA can exist in a stably bent configuration in solution as recently demonstrated from analysis of polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and differential decay of birefringence. Using these techniques, we have investigated the structure of DNA cross-linked with 8 methoxypsoralen and 4,5',8-trimethylpsoralen. The results are not consistent with cross-links introducing any appreciable stable bend in double-stranded DNA molecules. Results suggest that photobound 4,5',8-trimethylpsoralen molecules lengthen DNA by the equivalent of about one base pair per photobound adduct. We have also determined that 4,5',8-trimethylpsoralen cross-links are introduced preferentially into 5'-TA compared to 5'-AT DNA sequences. PMID- 6529553 TI - Isolation and identification of a tyrosyl peptide labeled by 5'-[p (fluorosulfonyl)benzoyl]-1,N6-ethenoadenosine at a GTP site of glutamate dehydrogenase. AB - The fluorescent nucleotide analogue 5'-[p-(fluorosulfonyl)benzoyl]-1,N6 ethenoadenosine (5'-FSB epsilon A) was shown previously to react at a GTP inhibitory site on bovine liver glutamate dehydrogenase. The incorporation was limited to 1.28 mol of reagent/mol of subunit and was attributed to 0.95 mol of modified tyrosine/mol of subunit and 0.33 mol of modified lysine/mol of subunit, quantitatively accounting for the total incorporation prior to acid hydrolysis [Jacobson, M. A., & Colman, R. F. (1983) Biochemistry 22, 4247-4257]. The specific tyrosyl peptide modified by 5'-FSB epsilon A has been isolated from a tryptic and chymotryptic digest of modified enzyme by gel filtration and reverse phase high-performance liquid chromatography and characterized by amino acid and amino-terminal analysis. A unique residue, tyrosine-262, was identified as an essential amino acid within the GTP binding site. The stacked conformation of the fluorescent analogue when enzyme bound suggests that tyrosine-262 may be located in the region of the GTP site which binds the purine ring. PMID- 6529554 TI - Determination of the sialylation pattern of human fibrinogen glycopeptides with fast atom bombardment. AB - Sialylated biantennary glycopeptides from human fibrinogen were analyzed with fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry. The mass spectrometric conditions used in the positive mode showed predominantly molecular ions with no fragment ions due to the loss of sialic acid. Standard mixtures of glycopeptides with zero, one, and two sialic acid residues revealed a linear relationship between ion abundance and molar fraction. The desorption efficiency varied according to the number of sialic acid residues in these biantennary glycopeptides. The relative abundance of different molecular ion species differing only in amino acid content was in agreement with chemical analysis. Sensitivity, precision, and requirements for sample preparation were assessed. Both assignment of molecular weights and quantification of individual glycopeptide species from human fibrinogen were obtained. The glycopeptides from human fibrinogen were found to consist of a mixture of equal amounts of monosialylated and disialylated species with no asialoglycopeptides. PMID- 6529555 TI - Ketogenesis in the living rat followed by 13C NMR spectroscopy. AB - The metabolic fate of 13C1-labeled butyrate in the liver of living rats has been studied by 13C NMR. The formation of the ketone bodies acetoacetate and beta hydroxybutyrate was observed in vivo as well as resonances from glutamate, glutamine, and carbonate. The observed time course of these metabolites demonstrates the potential of the technique to measure enzyme kinetics in vivo and also to measure the enzyme capacity of a given organ to metabolize a substrate. The in vivo spectra were compared to in vitro spectra of the excised liver and perchloric acid extracts of the liver. Observation of the metabolites and monitoring of their time course in vivo would not have been possible without distinct improvements in the spectral resolution and the spatial localization of the radio-frequency field within the liver. As a novel approach, we have selected the carbonyl region of the 13C NMR spectra for identifying the ketone bodies and other oxidation products in the liver. PMID- 6529556 TI - Kinetic studies show that Ca2+ and Tb3+ have different binding preferences toward the four Ca2+-binding sites of calmodulin. AB - The stepwise addition of Tb3+ to calmodulin yields a large tyrosine-sensitized Tb3+ luminescence enhancement as the third and fourth ions bind to the protein [Wang, C.-L. A., Aquaron, R. R., Leavis, P. C., & Gergely, J. (1982) Eur. J. Biochem. 124, 7-12]. Since the only tyrosine residues in calmodulin are located within binding sites III and IV, these results suggest that Tb3+ binds first to sites I and II. Recent NMR studies have provided evidence that Ca2+, on the other hand, binds preferentially to sites III and IV. Kinetic studies using a stopped flow apparatus also show that the preferential binding of Ca2+ and lanthanide ions is different. Upon rapid mixing of 2Ca-calmodulin with two Tb3+ ions, there was a small and rapid tyrosine fluorescence change, but no Tb3+ luminescence was observed, indicating that Tb3+ binds to sites I and II but not sites III and IV. When two Tb3+ ions are mixed with 2Dy-calmodulin, Tb3+ luminescence rises rapidly as Tb3+ binds to the empty sites III and IV, followed by a more gradual decrease (k = 0.4 s-1 as the ions redistribute themselves over the four sites. These results indicate that (i) both Tb3+ and Dy3+ prefer binding to sites I and II of calmodulin and (ii) the binding of Tb3+ to calmodulin is not impeded by the presence of two Ca2+ ions initially bound to the protein. Thus, the Ca2+ and lanthanide ions must exhibit opposite preferences for the four sites of calmodulin: sites III and IV are the high-affinity sites for Ca2+, whereas Tb3+ and Dy3+ prefer sites I and II. PMID- 6529557 TI - Sulfide-bridged derivatives of the binuclear iron site of hemerythrin at both met and semi-met oxidation levels. AB - Exposure of methemerythrin (metHr) to S2- under anaerobic conditions results in a one-electron reduction to the semi-met level and replacement of the mu-oxo bridge between the irons with a single sulfide. The sulfide bridge is maintained upon ferricyanide oxidation of semi-metsulfide to metsulfide hemerythrin and upon subsequent dithionite or S2- reduction back to the semi-met level. Chemical analyses show that metsulfideHr contains one S2- per two Fe. The single quadrupole doublet (delta = 0.50 mm/s; delta Eq = 0.99 mm/s) in the Mossbauer spectrum is consistent with a bridging sulfide geometry. The optical and resonance Raman spectra of metsulfideHr are reminiscent of the [2Fe-2S] iron sulfur proteins. The optical spectrum exhibits multiple S2----Fe(III) charge transfer transitions between 400 and 600 nm. The resonance Raman spectrum reveals a series of overtones and combinations of the 431-cm-1 Fe-S-Fe symmetric vibration and the 327-cm-1 asymmetric vibration. The relative energies of the symmetric and asymmetric modes are characteristic of a sulfur-bridged system with a bridge angle of approximately 80 degrees. MetsulfideHr decomposes over several hours in air and over several days in the absence of O2 to metHr and semi metsulfideHr, respectively. Unlike metHr and semi-metHr, neither the metsulfide nor the semi-metsulfide derivatives form stable adducts with anions such as azide or cyanide. Sulfide bridging confers new properties on the binuclear iron center that are of interest to an understanding of the chemistry of hemerythrin and also of the [2Fe-2S] iron-sulfur proteins. PMID- 6529558 TI - L-Carnitine dissimilation in the gastrointestinal tract of the rat. AB - Results of previous studies in this laboratory and others have suggested that L carnitine is degraded in the gastrointestinal tract of the rat, perhaps by the action of indigenous flora. L-[methyl-14C]Carnitine was administered to rats either orally or intravenously in doses of 86 nmol or 124 mumol, and expired air, 48-h urine and fecal collections, and selected tissues at 48 h after isotope administration were examined for radiolabeled carnitine and metabolites. Urine and feces of rats receiving oral L-[methyl-14C]carnitine consistently contained two radiolabeled metabolites which were identified as trimethylamine N-oxide (primarily in urine) and gamma-butyrobetaine (primarily in feces). In these rats, these metabolites accounted for up to 23% and 31% of the administered dose, respectively. By contrast, for rats receiving intravenous L-[methyl-14C]carnitine or germ-free rats receiving the isotope orally or intravenously, virtually all of the radioactivity recovered was in the form of carnitine. Analyses for 14CO2 and [14C]trimethylamine in expired air revealed little or no (less than 0.1% of dose) conversion to these compounds, regardless of size of dose or route of administration. Results of this study demonstrate conclusively that L-carnitine is degraded in the gastrointestinal tract of the rat and that indigenous flora are responsible for these transformations. PMID- 6529559 TI - Pyrenedodecanoylcarnitine and pyrenedodecanoyl coenzyme A: kinetics and thermodynamics of their intermembrane transfer. AB - The intermembrane transfer kinetics and transition-state thermodynamics of pyrenedodecanoylcarnitine (PDC), pyrenedodecanoyl coenzyme A (PDCoA), and pyrenedodecanoic acid (PDA) were measured by observing the time-dependent decay in pyrene excimer fluorescence. Probe molecules transferred more slowly with an increase in vesicle size. Rates of PDC and PDA transfer were increased from a liquid lipid phase when compared to a gel phase, while a saturated lipid phase had variable effects on the transfer kinetics when compared to an unsaturated lipid vesicle. Increasing vesicle surface charge by the introduction of phosphatidylserine (PS) into the vesicle matrix had two distinct effects: (i) a decrease in PDC transfer rates as the PS concentration increased and (ii) an initial increase in transfer rates of the amphiphilic anions PDA and PDCoA, followed by a decrease as the PS content increased. Transfer from natural membranes (cardiac and hepatic reticular and mitochondrial membranes) was markedly decreased (up to 35-fold) when compared to large phospholipid vesicles. These decreases in rates were accompanied by significant increases in the transition-state free energies. Finally, the pyrenedodecanoate esters had critical micelle concentrations similar to the natural long-chain esters, i.e., palmitate. In the presence of acceptor vesicles all probes showed only slight accessibility to quenching by the aqueous quencher nicotinamide. PMID- 6529560 TI - Erythrocyte band 3 protein: evidence for multiple membrane-crossing segments in the 17 000-dalton chymotryptic fragment. AB - We have investigated the topology of the band 3 protein of the human erythrocyte membrane by a combination of chemical labeling and proteolytic cleavage. The N terminal third of the membrane-bound domain of band 3 is a 17 000-dalton chymotryptic fragment that is known to traverse the membrane an odd number of times. At least three lysine residues on this fragment can be labeled by reductive methylation of intact cells, under conditions that cause labeling of exofacial, but not intracellular, lysine residues. One of the labeled lysines is the one that reacts with anionic aryl isothiocyanates, and another is very close to the C terminus of the fragment. Both these are on the C-terminal 11-kilodalton CNBr peptide. The third labeled lysine is on the 6-kilodalton N-terminal CNBr peptide, which had not been previously known to have an extracellular site. Control experiments using a stilbenedisulfonate derivative demonstrate that the labeled 6-kilodalton CNBr peptide is not a degradation product of the 11 kilodalton CNBr fragment. Also, the exofacial lysine on the 6-kilodalton peptide can be labeled by reductive methylation even when the stilbenedisulfonate site is occupied by 4,4'-diisothiocyanodihydrostilbene-2,2'-disulfonate, which blocks band 3 mediated transport of BH4 into the cells. This is further indication that the labeled lysine is accessible from the extracellular water. These data are the first direct evidence that the 17-kilodalton chymotryptic fragment spans the membrane more than once. PMID- 6529561 TI - Binding and endocytosis of glycoproteins by isolated chicken hepatocytes. AB - The binding and endocytosis of glycoproteins containing different terminal sugars by isolated chicken hepatocytes were studied. At 2 degrees C, where there is no endocytosis, the hepatocyte surface bound 30 800 GlcNAc44-AI-BSA molecules [a bovine serum albumin (BSA) derivative which contains 44 residues of N octylglucosamine (GlcNAc)] [Lee, Y.C., Stowell, C.P., & Krantz, M.J. (1976) Biochemistry 15, 3956-3963] and 32 900 asialoagalactoorosomucoid (AGOR) molecules per cell with estimated dissociation constants of 5 X 10(-10) and 4 X 10(-9) M, respectively. In the presence of digitonin or Triton X-100, each hepatocyte bound 7-18 times more ligand than in the absence of these detergents. Bound 125I-AGOR could be dissociated from the cell surface by 5.5 X 10(-5) M GlcNAc44-AI-BSA with a t 1/2 of 30 min, while GlcNAc (10 mM) or ethylene glycol bis(beta-aminoethyl ether)-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid (4 mM) could dissociate over 98% of the surface bound radioactivity within 10 min. Several neoglycoproteins inhibited the binding of 125I-AGOR, requiring for 50% inhibition 2.1 X 10(-9), 4.0 X 10(-7), 1.6 X 10( 6), and 2 X 10(-6) M for GlcNAc44-, Glc37-, Man43-, and L-Fuc28-AI-BSA, respectively. The bound AGOR and neoglycoproteins were internalized and degraded at 37 degrees C. [125I]Iodide was the only labeled degradation product found. When the hepatocytes were exposed to 250 nM AGOR at 37 degrees C, ca. 100 000 molecules of AGOR were associated with the cell surface at the steady state of endocytosis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6529562 TI - Subcellular distribution of bile acids, bile salts, and taurocholate binding sites in rat liver. AB - We have quantitated bile acids and their conjugates in rat liver using high pressure liquid chromatography. Over 95% of the hepatic bile acid pool in rat liver homogenates is present as taurocholate and tauromuricholate. Although over 60% of the bile acid pool is recovered in the supernatant, evidence is presented suggesting that taurocholate redistributes among the subcellular fractions during their isolation. Taurocholate (TC) binding to purified subcellular fractions from rat liver was determined by using equilibrium dialysis in a TC concentration range from 0.1 to 100 microM. This is well below the critical micellar concentration of taurocholate (3 mM). All of the fractions investigated exhibited low-affinity binding with dissociation constants from 80 to 240 microM as did membrane lipid vesicles. Therefore, low-affinity binding appears referable to taurocholate nonspecifically partitioning into the lipid bilayer. High-affinity binding is present in plasma membranes, Golgi, and cell supernatant. The high affinity binding sites in Golgi have a mean dissociation constant (A1) of 1.0 microM and bind 0.15 nmol of TC/mg of protein. Similarly, the high-affinity binding sites of plasma membrane have an A1 of 1.3 microM and bind 0.15 nmol of TC/mg of protein. For cell supernatant, the A1 was 4.8 microM, and 0.35 nmol of TC was bound per mg of protein. Mitochondria, smooth and rough microsomes, and Golgi liposomes showed no detectable amounts of high-affinity binding. These results are compatible with a role for the Golgi complex, cytoplasmic component(s), and plasma membranes in transhepatic bile acid transport. PMID- 6529563 TI - Exciton interaction in allophycocyanin. AB - The absorption and circular dichroism (CD) spectra of allophycocyanin II in the trimer and monomer (dissociated) forms were resolved into four and two components, respectively. The short-wavelength region of the visible spectra was approximated by a chimera of Lorentzian- and Gaussian-shaped bands having a bandwidth of ca. 65 nm. The rest of the bands have a pure Gaussian form. The characteristic 652-nm band in the absorption spectrum (656 nm in the CD spectrum) is shown to arise from exciton interaction between two fluorescent phycocyanobilin chromophores. PMID- 6529564 TI - Nonaromatic amino acids in the combining site region of a monoclonal anti-spin label antibody. AB - The nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of monoclonal Fab antibody fragments have been recorded in the absence and presence of the specific spin-label dinitrophenyl hapten. The difference spectra reveal the presence of about 50 amino acids in the region of the combining site. By selective deuteration and by use of double difference spectra, all the resonances in the spectral region -1 to 1.5 ppm have been identified. We have found that in the combining site region there are four or five valines, certainly three and possibly five threonines, three or four leucines, two or three isoleucines, and six or seven alanines. Selective deuteration of methionine and lysine reveals one methionine and two lysines in the difference spectra. All of these amino acids are estimated to be within 17 A of the paramagnetic hapten. By using difference spectra involving low fractional occupancy of the combining site with the spin-label hapten, it is established that one threonine and one valine are very close to the paramagnetic hapten. PMID- 6529565 TI - Glycolipid transfer protein from bovine brain. AB - Glycolipid transfer protein from bovine brain has been purified partially by ammonium sulfate precipitation, CM-52 ion-exchange, and Sephadex G-75 column chromatography. Both pyrene-labeled and tritium-labeled glucocerebrosides have been used to study the kinetics of protein-mediated transfer between donor and acceptor vesicles. Protein accelerates glucocerebroside transfer but does not accelerate phospholipid transfer. In colyophilized small sonicated vesicles (10% glucocerebroside, 90% 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-phosphatidylcholine) about two-thirds of the glycolipid is transferred in 2 h and the remaining one-third does not transfer (up to 5 h). For donor and acceptor vesicles made of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine or 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-phosphatidylcholine, glucocerebroside (10% in donors) is transferred rapidly only when both the donor and acceptor matrix phospholipids are in the liquid-crystalline state. If either donor or acceptor vesicles are in the gel state, transfer protein mediated transfer is much reduced. The amount of transfer protein bound specifically to glucocerebroside-containing vesicles is nearly equal above and below the matrix phospholipid phase transition temperature. Bound protein transfers glucocerebroside upon addition of acceptor vesicles. PMID- 6529566 TI - Phosphorus-31 nuclear relaxation rate studies of the nucleotides on phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase. AB - The interactions of nucleotide substrates with the enzyme phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase and its Mn2+ complex were investigated by several methods. Direct binding shows the formation of stoichiometric complexes. The presence of Mn2+ increases the affinity of the enzyme for nucleotide. A higher affinity for GTP (Kd less than 2 microM) than for GDP (Kd = 15 microM) was determined. Solvent proton relaxation rate studies indicate no substantial difference in titration curves for free nucleotide or for Mg-nucleotide to the enzyme-Mn complex. The effect of Mn2+ on the 31P relaxation rates of IDP and of ITP in the binary Mn nucleotide complex indicates the formation of direct coordination complexes. The distances of the alpha- and beta-31P of IDP to Mn2+ are identical (3.5 A). The Mn2+ distance to the beta- and gamma-31P of ITP is also identical (3.7 A) and is 0.2 A further from the alpha-phosphorus. In the presence of P-enolpyruvate carboxykinase, the effect of Mn2+ on the 31P relaxation rates was measured at 40.5 MHz and at 121.5 MHz. The dipolar correlation time was calculated to be 0.6 5.4 ns, depending upon assumptions made. The Mn2+ to phosphorus distances indicate the nucleotide substrates form a second sphere complex to the bound Mn2+. From 1/T2 measurements, electron delocalization from Mn2+ to the phosphorus atoms is indicated; this effect occurs although direct coordination does not take place. The exchange rate of GTP from the enzyme-Mn complex (koff = 4 X 10(4) s-1) is rapid compared to kcat with a lower energy of activation (9.2 kcal/mol) than for catalytic turnover.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6529567 TI - Circular dichroic spectra of apolipoprotein E in model complexes and cholesterol rich lipoproteins: lipid contribution. AB - Lipid-free apolipoprotein E (apo E) and canine apo E HDLc, a cholesterol-rich lipoprotein containing apo E as the only apolipoprotein, show very different circular dichroism (CD) spectra. To determine the cause of the spectral difference, we estimated the CD contribution of phospholipid, cholesterol, and cholesteryl ester in liposomes and microemulsions. We prepared microemulsions, containing nearly equal amounts of egg phosphatidylcholine (PC) and cholesteryl oleate (mean diameter 320 A), by an injection technique. Both microemulsions and cholesterol-containing liposomes exhibit intense negative CD bands in the far ultraviolet region. Lipids contribute about 20% of the spectral difference between apo E and apo E HDLc at 222 nm, and about 60% of the spectral difference at 208 nm. The remainder of the spectral difference is attributable to lipid protein interaction corresponding to a 15-30% increase in helicity of apo E. CD analysis indicates that the helical content of apo E in apo E HDLc resembles that in the ternary complex apo E-PC-cholesterol (or apo E-PC-cholesteryl ester) more than that in the binary complex apo E-PC, suggesting that cholesterol affects the conformation of apo E. Our data indicate that in going from a lipid-free state to a lipid environment, apo E undergoes a random to helix transition, assuming the maximal helicity predicted from its primary structure. PMID- 6529568 TI - Partial purification of molecular weight 12 000 fatty acid binding proteins from rat brain and their effect on synaptosomal Na+-dependent amino acid uptake. AB - High-affinity, Na+-dependent synaptosomal amino acid uptake systems are strongly stimulated by proteins which are known to bind fatty acids, including the Mr 12 000 fatty acid binding protein (FABP) from liver. To explore the possibility that such a function might be served by fatty acid binding proteins intrinsic to brain, we examined the 105000g supernatant of brain for fatty acid binding. Observed binding was accounted for mainly by components excluded by Sephadex G 50, and to a small degree by the Mr 12 000 protein fraction (brain FABP fraction). The partially purified brain FABP fraction contained a protein immunologically identical with liver FABP as well as a FABP electrophoretically distinct from liver FABP. Brain FABP fraction markedly stimulated synaptosomal Na+-dependent, but not Na+-independent, amino acid uptake, and also completely reversed the inhibition of synaptosomal Na+-dependent amino acid uptake induced by oleic acid. Palmitic, stearic, and oleic acids were endogenously associated with the brain FABP fraction. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that Mr 12 000 soluble FABPs intrinsic to brain may act as regulators of synaptosomal Na+-dependent amino acid uptake by sequestering free fatty acids which inhibit this process. PMID- 6529570 TI - Structure of the capsid of Kilham rat virus from small-angle neutron scattering. AB - The structure of empty capsids of Kilham rat virus, an autonomous parvovirus with icosahedral symmetry, was investigated by small-angle neutron scattering. From the forward scatter, the molecular weight was determined to be 4.0 X 10(6), and from the Guinier region, the radius of gyration was found to be 105 A in D2O and 104 A in H2O. On the basis of the capsid molecular weight and the molecular weights and relative abundances of the capsid proteins, we propose that the capsid has a triangulation number of 1. Extended scattering curves and mathematical modeling revealed that the capsid consists of two shells of protein, the inner shell extending from 58 to 91 A in D2O and from 50 to 91 A in H2O and containing 11% of the capsid scattering mass, and the outer shell extending to 121 A in H2O and D2O. The inner shell appears to have a higher content of basic amino acids than the outer shell, based on its lower scattering density in D2O than in H2O. We propose that all three capsid proteins contribute to the inner shell and that this basic region serves DNA binding and partial charge neutralization functions. PMID- 6529571 TI - Amino acid sequence of spinach ferredoxin:NADP+ oxidoreductase. AB - The amino acid sequence of spinach ferredoxin: NADP+ oxidoreductase was determined by using overlapping sets of peptides derived by cleavage at arginyl or methionyl residues. The protein from different preparations varied in its length at the amino terminus. In the longest form the amino terminus is blocked with a pyroglutamyl residue, as determined by NMR. A single disulfide bond was placed between cysteine residues 132 and 137. The 314-residue sequence corresponds to a molecular weight of 35 317. The carboxyl-terminal half of the sequence has been fit to the electron density map of the NADP binding domain, revealing that this portion of the chain forms a typical nucleotide binding fold. PMID- 6529569 TI - Localization of binding sites for carboxyl terminal specific anti-rhodopsin monoclonal antibodies using synthetic peptides. AB - The binding sites for four monoclonal antibodies, rho 1D4, rho 3C2, rho 3A6, and rho 1C5, have been localized within the C-terminal region of bovine rhodopsin: Asp18'-Glu-Ala16'-Ser-Thr-Thr-Val12'-Ser-Lys-Thr-Gl u8'-Thr-Ser-Gln-Val4'-Ala-Pr o -Ala1'. Antibody binding sites were localized by using synthetic C-terminal peptides in conjunction with solid-phase competitive inhibition assays and limited proteolytic digestion of rhodopsin in conjunction with electrophoretic immunoblotting techniques. Binding of the rho 1D4 and rho 3C2 antibodies to immobilized rhodopsin was inhibited with peptides of length 1'-8' and longer. Antibody rho 1D4 binding was not inhibited by peptides 2'-13' or 3'-18', indicating that the C-terminal alanine residue of rhodopsin was required. Similar competitive inhibition studies indicated that the antibody rho 3A6 required peptides of length 1'-12' and longer whereas rho 1C5 required peptide 1'-18'. Peptide 3'-18' was as effective as 1'-18' in inhibiting rho 3A6 binding to rhodopsin, but replacement of glutamic acid in position 8' with glutamine abolished competition. This substitution had little effect on the binding of antibody rho 1C5. Thus, Glu8' was essential for rho 3A6 binding but not for the binding of the rho 1C5 antibody. Cleavage of the seven amino acid C-terminus from rhodopsin and further cleavage to F1 (Mr 25 000) and F2 (Mr 12 000) fragments with Staphylococcus aureus V8 protease abolished binding of rho 1D4 antibody to the membrane-bound rhodopsin fragments.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6529572 TI - Mechanism of inactivation of chymotrypsin by 3-benzyl-6-chloro-2-pyrone. AB - The mechanism of inactivation of chymotrypsin by 3-benzyl-6-chloro-2-pyrone has been studied. Chloride analysis of the inactivated enzyme suggests that the complex does not contain intact chloropyrone or an acid chloride. 13C NMR studies of the enzyme inactivated with 13C-enriched chloropyrones show that (1) the pyrone ring is no longer intact, (2) C-6 becomes a carboxylate group and C-2 becomes esterified to the enzyme, probably to serine-195, and (3) a double bond is present adjacent to the serine ester. The inactivated enzyme slowly regains catalytic activity with the concomitant release of (E)-4-benzyl-2-pentenedioic acid. It is concluded that double bond migration occurs during reactivation since the position of the double bond in the released diacid product is different than in the inactivator-enzyme complex. When the reactivation is carried out in [18O]H2O-enriched water, a single oxygen-18 is incorporated into the released product and is further evidence that the inactivator is bound to the enzyme only through a single ester linkage. A deuterium isotope effect on reactivation is observed when a chloropyrone deuterated at C-5 is used. This result demonstrates that removal of a proton from C-5 is required for reactivation and that isomerization of the double bond and not hydrolysis of the acyl-enzyme is rate determining. A variety of amines accelerate the rate of reactivation by functioning as general bases and not as nucleophiles. A reaction scheme is presented that accounts for the formation of the stable inactivator-enzyme complex as well as the production of two products derived from enzymatic hydrolysis of the chloropyrone.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6529573 TI - Tryptic cleavage and substructure of bovine cardiac myosin subfragment 1. AB - The method of limited tryptic proteolysis has been used to compare and contrast the substructure of bovine cardiac myosin subfragment 1 (S-1) to that of skeletal myosin S-1. While tryptic cleavage of cardiac S-1, like that of skeletal S-1, yields three fragments, the 25K, 50K, and 20K peptides, the digestion of cardiac S-1 proceeds at a 2-fold faster rate. The increased rate of cleavage is due entirely to an order of magnitude faster rate of cleavage at the 25K/50K junction of cardiac S-1 compared to that of skeletal, with approximately equal rates of cleavage at the 50K/20K junctions. Actin inhibits the tryptic attack at this latter junction, but its effect is an order of magnitude smaller for the cardiac than for the skeletal S-1. Furthermore, the tryptic susceptibility of the 50K/20K junction of cardiac S-1 in the acto-S-1 complex is increased in the presence of 2 mM MgADP. This effect is not due to partial dissociation of the cardiac acto-S-1 complex by MgADP. Our results indicate that in analogy to skeletal S-1, the cardiac myosin head is organized into three protease-resistant fragments connected by open linker peptides. However, the much faster rate of tryptic cleavage of the 25K/50K junction and also the greater accessibility of the 50K/20K junction in the cardiac acto-S-1 complex indicate substructural differences between cardiac and skeletal S-1. PMID- 6529574 TI - Sliding of STOP proteins on microtubules. AB - Microtubules are stabilized against cold temperature disassembly by 145 kilodalton proteins [stable tubule only polypeptides (STOPs)] that block the end wise dissociation of subunits from the polymers. We describe here several kinetic parameters of the interaction of STOPs with microtubules. STOPs will bind to microtubules either during assembly of the polymer or at steady state. The addition appears random on the polymers and does not require the mediation of tubulin subunits. Tubulin subunits compete with microtubules for STOP binding, but binding to the polymers is apparently irreversible. We demonstrate that STOPs do not exchange measurably between polymers at steady state. Nonetheless, a displacement of STOPs within a single polymer is readily demonstrable. We have determined that the displacement is apparently due to a surface translocation, or "sliding", of STOPs on microtubules. PMID- 6529575 TI - Unfolding-refolding transition of a hinge bending enzyme: horse muscle phosphoglycerate kinase induced by guanidine hydrochloride. AB - The unfolding-refolding transition of horse muscle phosphoglycerate kinase induced by guanidine hydrochloride was studied under equilibrium conditions using four different signals: fluorescence intensity at 336 nm, UV difference absorbance at 286 and 292 nm, ellipticity at 220 nm, and enzyme activity. From the following arguments, we found that the process deviates from a two-state model and intermediates are significantly populated even at equilibrium: (1) the noncoincidence of the transition curves and (2) the asymmetry of the transition curve obtained from CD measurements. From these different data and the thermodynamic analysis, it was suggested that the two domains of the horse muscle phosphoglycerate kinase refold independently of one another with different equilibrium constants, the most favorable constant referring to the folding of the C-terminal domain which contains all tryptophans. PMID- 6529576 TI - Effects of urea and guanidine hydrochloride on peptide and nonpolar groups. AB - The free energy transfer of several N-acetyl(glycine)n ethyl esters (n = 1-3) and side chain derivatives (Ala, Val, Nva, Leu, Nle, and Phe) from water to urea and guanidine hydrochloride solutions has been determined from the solubility and distribution coefficients of these compounds between aqueous and nonaqueous phases. These uncharged model peptides, unlike the amino acids used for a similar study, avoid complication due to charge effects for the transfer process. The compounds with an increase in the number of glycyl groups show additivity of the group free energy toward the transfer from water to urea solution but not to guanidine hydrochloride solution. The derivatives with a side chain show that the principle of group additivity does not hold true for the aliphatic side chains for the transfer to either urea or guanidine hydrochloride solutions. In fact, the free energy of transfer of the side chains, viz., aliphatic ones, is found to be energetically unfavorable in moderately high denaturant concentration. Phenylalanyl, the only aromatic side chain studied here, showed a favorable free energy of transfer to the denaturant solutions. In addition, the values of the favorable free energy obtained in this study are much smaller than the values obtained from the study of the amino acids. The transfer of the glycyl group to the denaturant solutions is exothermic whereas the transfer of the side chains is endothermic in nature.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6529577 TI - Photoaffinity labeling of the hemolymph juvenile hormone binding protein of Manduca sexta. AB - A synthetic analogue of the insect juvenile hormone (JH) III, 10,11-epoxy[10 3H]farnesyl diazoacetate [( 3H]-EFDA), binds to several proteins in a partially purified preparation of hemolymph protein from fourth instar larvae of Manduca sexta when irradiated with UV light. Approximately 80% of this binding could be inhibited by the addition of excess unlabeled JH I. To compare the relative affinity of EFDA for the juvenile hormone binding protein (JHBP) with that of the various JH homologues, the ability of unlabeled EFDA and JH homologues to displace [3H]JH I from binding sites was measured. The relative affinities were EFDA greater than JH I greater than JH II greater than JH III. When Scatchard analysis of the binding of [3H]EFDA or [3H]JH I to the larval JHBP was performed, an estimated apparent KD of 4.5 X 10(-8)M was found for EFDA, whereas for JH I a slightly higher KD of 8.8 X 10(-8) M was calculated. To determine if [3H]EFDA bound at the JH I binding site, displacement of [3H]JH I from the JHBP complex with unlabeled JH I, JH II, and JH III was compared to the displacement of [3H]EFDA with the same homologues. The results demonstrated that the photoaffinity label bound covalently at the JH I binding site on the hemolymph binding protein of Manduca sexta. Fluorescence autoradiography of [3H]EFDA photoaffinity labeled proteins separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed that [3H]EFDA bound covalently to two major proteins in the absence of JH I.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6529578 TI - 31P and two-dimensional 31P/1H correlated NMR spectra of Duplex d(Ap[17O]Gp[18O]Cp[16O]T) and assignment of 31P signals in d(ApGpCpT)2 actinomycin D complex. AB - A solid-phase phosphoramidite method was used for the synthesis of unlabeled and phosphoryl-labeled d(Ap-[17O]Gp[18O]Cp[16O]T). The ability to label the phosphoryl oxygens of d(ApGpCpT) and thus assign the 31P signals, combined with a two-dimensional 31P/1H chemical shift correlated NMR spectral technique, provided a novel means for the ready assignment of the H5' and H3' protons coupled to the phosphates. Phosphoryl labeling has also allowed us to assign the 31P NMR signals in the actinomycin D-d(Ap-[17O]Gp[18O]Cp[16O]T)2 duplex complex and confirm that the drug intercalates between the GpC stacked base pairs. PMID- 6529579 TI - 2NH2A X T helices in the ribo- and deoxypolynucleotide series. Structural and energetic consequences of 2NH2A substitution. AB - Polynucleotide helices formed by the interaction of (d2NH2A)n, (r2NH2A)n, (dT)n, and (rT)n have been prepared and their physical and spectroscopic properties examined. Thermal transitions, dependence of Tm on salt concentration, stoichiometry, phase diagrams, and calculated enthalpies are reported. UV, CD, and IR spectra are reported. All of the deoxy-deoxy helices containing 2NH2A have positive CD first extrema near 290 nm and appear to have B-form structure. All the ribo-ribo or hybrid helices have negative first extrema in this region and appear to have A-form structure. Elevation of Tm by the 2-NH2 group of 2NH2A is much smaller in the deoxy than in the ribo series. We have applied an equation based on the electrostatic theory of Manning [Manning, G.S. (1972) Bopolymers 11, 937-949; Manning, G.S. (1978) Q. Rev. Biophys. 11, 179-246; Record M.T., Anderson, C.F., & Lohman, T.M. (1978) Q. Rev. Biophys. 11, 103-178] to calculate ethalpies of the helix-coil transitions of the complexes reported here. These calculated enthalpies are larger for 2NH2A X T than for A X T helices, but the difference is much smaller in the deoxy than in the ribo series. We attribute these effects on Tm and delta H in the deoxy series to loss of stabilization of the spine of hydration in B-form structures caused by interference of the 2-NH2 group in the minor groove of the helix [Dickerson, R.E., Drew, H.R., Conner, B.N., Wing, R.M., Fratini, A.V., & Kopka, M.L. (1982) Science (Washington, D.C.) 216, 475-485]. Complete phase diagrams for all 2NH2A,T systems and some A,T systems are reported. The diagrams differ widely and can be placed in four groups according to the number of transitions each system possesses. PMID- 6529580 TI - Interaction of the fluorescence-labeled secretory component with human polymeric immunoglobulins. AB - The secretory component (SC) isolated from human milk was labeled with 2 mol of the fluorescent thiol reagent N-[7-(dimethylamino)-4-methylcoumarinyl]maleimide (DACM) per mol of SC through the reactive disulfide bond of SC. The binding of the labeled SC to polymeric immunoglobulins was examined by gel filtration by measuring the fluorescence of DACM at 478 nm. The labeled SC was bound to immunoglobulin M (IgM) and its (Fc)5 mu fragment and to dimeric immunoglobulin A (IgA). When the labeled SC was bound to IgM or the (Fc)5 mu fragment, the fluorescence of DACM increased about 30%. By use of this fluorescence change, quantitative studies were made on the equilibrium and kinetics of the reversible interactions of the labeled SC with two IgM proteins and their (Fc)5 mu fragments at pH 7.0 and 25 degrees C. All the IgM proteins and their (Fc)5 mu fragments had one binding site per mole of polymers. The affinity constant (6 X 10(8) M-1), the association rate constant (7 X 10(7) M-1 min-1), and the dissociation rate constant (0.1 min-1) of one IgM were different from those of the other IgM (1.7 X 10(9) M-1, 1.0 X 10(8) M-1 min-1, and 0.06 min-1, respectively). However, the values for the (Fc)5 mu fragments of the two proteins were the same (1.9 X 10(9) M-1, 1.1 X 10(8) M-1 min-1, and 0.06 min-1, respectively) and were very similar to those of the IgM with the higher affinity constant.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6529581 TI - Mechanism for nucleotide incorporation into steady-state microtubules. AB - We have extended our previous theoretical analysis of the kinetics for radioactive GTP incorporation into steady-state microtubules [Zeeberg, B., Reid, R., & Caplow, M. (1980) J. Biol. Chem. 255, 9891-9899] to include the effects of a kinetic barrier for equilibration of labeled GTP with the tubulin E site. This binding has been found to be relatively slow; the half-time for GTP dissociation is approximately 25 s (k = 0.028 s-1). The slow binding of radioactive GTP apparently accounts for the following observations: (a) more radioactive nucleotide is incorporated into steady-state microtubules in the first 20 s when tubulin-[3H]GTP is used in a pulse than when [3H]GTP is used; (b) when steady state microtubules are pulsed for 20 s with tubulin-[3H]GTP and then chased with excess nonradioactive GTP, radioactive nucleotide incorporation is not stopped immediately. Quantitative analysis of these results indicates that our steady state microtubules do not contain significant amounts (greater than 1%) of GDP or GTP which can exchange with added GTP. The principal route for labeled nucleotide incorporation appears to be from tubulin-[3H]GTP subunit uptake, by diffusional and treadmilling processes. PMID- 6529582 TI - Isolation of a minor species of actin from the nuclei of Acanthamoeba castellanii. AB - Actin was extracted from isolated nuclei of Acanthamoeba castellanii and purified to homogeneity under nondenaturing conditions by diethylaminoethylcellulose and Sephadex G-100 chromatography. The pure protein has the same molecular weight as cytoplasmic Acanthamoeba actin and a very similar amino acid composition. Isoelectrofocusing shows that nuclear actin is slightly more acidic than the major cytoplasmic species, and comparative analysis of peptides from tryptic and cyanogen bromide digests shows that both actins are very similar but not chemically identical. In an assay that is specific for most actins, the inhibition of DNase I through the formation of a 1:1 G-actin-DNase I complex, the nuclear and cytoplasmic actins are equally effective. By use of a similar procedure for the purification of both actins, it is estimated that the amount of nuclear actin is about 1.5% of the amount of cytoplasmic actin, a major protein of the amoeba. It is concluded that a minor isoelectric species of actin associates selectively with the nuclei of A. castellanii. PMID- 6529583 TI - Embryonal histone H1 subtypes of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus: purification, characterization, and immunological comparison with H1 subtypes of the adult. AB - The four H1 subtypes utilized during embryonic development of Strongylocentrotus purpuratus were purified. Their amino acid compositions and immunological reactivities show that they have different primary structures. Antisera against them were used to identify the H1 subtypes present in adult tissues. These experiments revealed that adult tissues do not contain detectable levels of the two H1 subtypes expressed in the earliest embryonic stages (H1 cs and H1 alpha) but do contain the two subtypes expressed from the blastula stage on (H1 beta and H1 gamma). In addition, all adult tissues examined contain H1 lambda, a subtype of unusually low apparent molecular weight, which is not found in the embryo prior to the feeding larval stage and is not closely related immunologically to any of the embryonal H1 subtypes. PMID- 6529584 TI - Activating effect of p-(chloromercuri)benzoate on the cytoplasmic aldehyde dehydrogenase from sheep liver. AB - In the absence of NAD+, up to 12 SH groups on aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) reacted rapidly with p-(chloromercuri)benzoate (PCMB); a slow reaction with more than twice this number of SH groups then occurred. When PCMB was added to an assay mixture at low (less than 100 microM) concentrations of propionaldehyde, the steady-state rate of production of NADH increased with increasing PCMB concentration up to a maximum activity at a [PCMB]/[ALDH] ratio of 1.9 and then decreased as the [PCMB]/[ALDH] ratio increased further. Under some conditions, activation, or inhibition, showed hysteretic effects as the initial slope after mixing changed to a final linear steady state in a first-order manner, the rate constants for which were proportional to the concentration of free PCMB. Activating levels of PCMB had little effect on the NADH and proton burst amplitudes or rate constants and did not affect the rate of dissociation or association of NADH. However, when a 20-fold excess of PCMB concentration over enzyme concentration was premixed with the enzyme, neither a burst nor a steady state turnover of substrate was observed. It is concluded that activation arises from the tight binding of PCMB with a single thiol group per subunit which is exposed after the binding of NAD+ to the enzyme, followed by a slow conformational change which causes activation by altering the steady-state mechanism so that NADH dissociation becomes largely rate limiting.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6529585 TI - Suicide inactivation of fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase. AB - 2-Keto-4,4,4-trifluorobutyl phosphate (HTFP) was prepared from 3,3,3 trifluoropropionic acid. HTFP acts as an irreversible inhibitor of rabbit muscle aldolase: the loss of activity was time dependent and the inactivation followed a pseudo-first-order process. Values of 1.4 mM for the dissociation constant and 2.3 X 10(-2) s-1 for the reaction rate constant were determined. The kinetic constants do not depend on the enzyme concentration. No effect of thiols on the inactivation rate was detected. Only 1-2 mol of fluoride ions was liberated per inactivated subunit, indicative of a low partition ratio. Dihydroxyacetone phosphate protected the enzyme against the inactivation in a competitive manner, and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate protected as if it formed a condensation product with HTPF. 5,5'-Dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) thiol titration showed the loss of one very reactive thiol group per enzyme subunit after inactivation. All those observations seem to agree with a suicide substrate inactivation of aldolase by HTPF. PMID- 6529586 TI - Comparison of DNA binding properties of activated, covalent and noncovalent glucocorticoid receptor-steroid complexes from HTC cells. AB - Several differences in the interaction with DNA of noncovalent vs. covalent glucocorticoid receptor-steroid complexes are described. HTC cell glucocorticoid receptors were incubated under cell-free conditions with the potent reversible glucocorticoid dexamethasone and with the irreversible antiglucocorticoid dexamethasone 21-mesylate to yield noncovalent and covalent complexes, respectively. Using DNA immobilized on cellulose, we found that the noncovalent dexamethasone complexes were activated (by dilution in pH 8.8 buffer at 0 degree C) to a DNA binding species 2-fold faster than were covalent dexamethasone 21 mesylate labeled complexes. The affinity of activated, noncovalent dexamethasone complexes for DNA in an equilibrium binding assay was 2-fold higher than that of the activated, covalent dexamethasone 21-mesylate complexes. This conclusion was supported by the observations in a DNA-cellulose pellet assay that covalent receptor-steroid complex binding to DNA was disrupted by lower NaCl concentrations than was noncovalent complex binding. The same studies of DNA binding at various NaCl concentrations failed to provide evidence that glucocorticoid receptor-steroid complex binding to DNA is a multistep process. These quantitative distinctions in the DNA binding properties of covalent and noncovalent receptor-steroid complexes represent the first physicochemical differences between the complexes of antiglucocorticoid and glucocorticoid steroids and may partially account for their divergent biological properties. PMID- 6529587 TI - Regulatory properties of acetylcholine receptor: evidence for two different inhibitory sites, one for acetylcholine and the other for a noncompetitive inhibitor of receptor function (procaine). AB - Does the acetylcholine receptor have a specific regulatory (inhibitory) site for the natural receptor ligand acetylcholine? This paper deals with this question. The inhibition of acetylcholine-receptor function by diverse organic cations including local anesthetics such as procaine has been well documented. Evidence indicates that these compounds are noncompetitive inhibitors, enter the open channel form of the receptor, and block it and that the extent of this blockage depends on the transmembrane voltage of the cell. Recently we reported that in the electroplax of Electrophorus electricus the receptor-controlled transmembrane ion flux is inhibited by acetylcholine in a voltage-dependent, noncompetitive manner. We report here that the Torpedo californica receptor also has an inhibitory site for acetylcholine. The question of whether acetylcholine, which is an organic cation, binds to the same site as other organic cations such as the noncompetitive inhibitor procaine is important and is addressed. The results reported here of chemical kinetic investigations, with receptor-rich E. electricus and T. californica membrane vesicles, indicate that the inhibition of receptor function by acetylcholine and by a local anesthetic, procaine, involves two different receptor sites. The existence of a specific inhibitory site for the natural receptor-ligand acetylcholine suggests that this site can play an important role in the modulation of receptor function and in the regulation of transmission of signals between cells. PMID- 6529588 TI - Actin purification from a gel of rat brain extracts. AB - Actin, 99% pure, has been recovered from rat brain with a high yield (greater than 15 mg/100 g brain). We have shown that: 1. a low ionic strength extract from rat brain tissue is capable of giving rise to a gel; 2. actin is the main gel component and its proportion is one order of magnitude higher than in the original extract; 3. actin can be isolated from this extract by a three-step procedure involving gelation, dissociation of the gel in 0.6 M KCl, followed by one or two depolymerization-polymerization cycles. PMID- 6529589 TI - Isolation and partial characterization of glabrin, a neurotoxin from Cnestis glabra (Connaraceae) root barks. AB - A neurotoxic compound, inhibiting protein synthesis in cell culture, was isolated in a yield of about 0.4 per cent from Cnestis glabra root barks (Connaraceae) by a five-step fractionation procedure (filtration on activated charcoal, treatment by neutral lead acetate and fractionations on Dowex 50 X 8 in H+ and NH+4 forms). The purified toxin appeared homogeneous on thin-layer and in gas chromatography. The compound has a low molecular weight (less than 500). It is heat-stable, insoluble in usual organic solvents and gives a positive reaction with ninhydrin. Acidic hydrolysis does not change its behaviour on an amino acid analyzer. Its possible amino acid nature is discussed. It is temporarily named glabrin. PMID- 6529591 TI - Isomer identification by kinetic energy release measurements using the voltage pulsed collision cell technique in mass-analysed ion kinetic energy spectrometry. AB - The voltage pulsing of the collision cell on a mass-analysed ion kinetic energy spectrometer allows simultaneous kinetic energy release measurements for unimolecular (T(V)), collision-induced (TCID(V)) and composite unimolecular and collision-induced (Tcomp(V)) decomposition processes in the time frame of a capillary gas chromatographic peak. The information gained by voltage pulsing sometimes allows more reliable isomer identification than by kinetic energy release measurements made in the non-pulsing mode alone. Presented are T(V), TCID(V) and Tcomp(V), and the ratio of their intensities for a number of isomeric halogenated compounds. PMID- 6529592 TI - A comparison of thermospray and direct liquid introduction high-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry for the analysis of candidate antimalarials. AB - The analysis of antimalarials by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)/mass spectrometry demonstrates a new dimension in specificity along with increased sensitivity compared to conventional HPLC detection methods. Both direct liquid introduction and thermospray HPLC/mass spectrometry interfaces provided molecular weight information as well as characteristic fragment ions for antimalarials not normally amenable to direct probe or gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric techniques. The direct liquid introduction interface, which incorporated a 1/100 split, showed a detection limit of 30 ng using selected ion monitoring. The thermospray technique showed less than 1 ng detection limits using selected ion monitoring. PMID- 6529590 TI - Further studies of the glucomannan from Aloe vahombe (liliaceae). II. Partial hydrolyses and NMR 13C studies. AB - The polysaccharide from Aloe vahombe (lilaceae) was submitted to partial hydrolyses by sulfuric, oxalic and phosphoric acid. Some oligosaccharides were isolated and investigated by chemical and 13C NMR spectroscopic methods. Their structure was determined. The results prove unambiguously that in the analyzed material the D-mannose is linked to the D-glucose by beta-1----4 linkages to form a carbohydrate heteropolymer. PMID- 6529593 TI - Fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry and tandem mass spectrometry in antibiotics: identification of nucleoside antitumor antibiotic toyocamycin in fermentation broth. AB - The presence of the nucleoside antitumor antibiotic toyocamycin in the fermentation broth was determined by a combination of negative and positive ion fast atom bombardment (FAB) mass spectrometry, high resolution FAB mass spectrometry and mass-analysed ion kinetic energy spectrometry (MIKES). A reasonable limit of detection for toyocamycin in the whole broth was obtained by combining the specificity of mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (also called tandem mass spectrometry) to FAB. The role played by the fermentation matrix upon the production and the observation of characteristic ions by FAB using xenon atoms was examined. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and FAB mass spectrometry were used to monitor toyocamycin at all stages of strain development, fermentation and recovery. PMID- 6529594 TI - Structural characterization of glycosphingolipids by direct chemical ionization mass spectrometry. AB - This report describes the use of direct chemical ionization mass spectrometry with ammonia as the reagent gas (NH3-DCI) for structure analysis of underivatized, permethylated and permethylated and reduced glycosphingolipids. In contrast to ionization by electron impact, the NH3-DCI mass spectra exhibit intense molecular and carbohydrate sequence-related ions using microgram amounts of sample. Underivatized glycosphingolipids with up to two sugar residues yield abundant protonated and ammonia-cationized molecular ions and structurally significant fragments. Permethylation in conjunction with NH3-DCI can be used to obtain molecular weight as well as oligosaccharide sequence and branching information on neutral, acidic and complex-type glycosphingolipids with up to five sugar residues. Reduction of the permethylated derivatives gives rise to several new, structurally significant fragments in the corresponding NH3-DCI mass spectra which enable fatty acid and base compositions to be determined. Isotopically labeled reagent gases have been used to confirm the assignment of fragment structures and to demonstrate that the ions observed are unique to the NH3-DCI mass spectra. PMID- 6529596 TI - [Medical ethics can only be absolute]. PMID- 6529595 TI - CAD MIKES: a new method for a rapid and unequivocal structural identification of organic acids in biological fluids. A first application to a case of methylmalonic aciduria. AB - A novel application of Collisionally Activated Decomposition Mass analysed Ion Kinetic Energy (CAD MIKE) spectrometry to separation and positive structural identification of urinary methylmalonic acid (MMA) (the pathognomonic compound for the diagnosis of methylmalonic acidurias) is presented. CAD MIKES scans of EI ionic species at m/z 119 ([M + H]+) and m/z 101 ([M-OH]+) have been obtained from a pure standard of MMA and from crude urinary acid fractions. With reference to the procedures employed so far, the advantages of the proposed method lie in fast and simplified sample pretreatment and in a quick non-controversial response to a clinical suspicion of serious, life-threatening inherited metabolic diseases. PMID- 6529597 TI - [Ethics of phase I studies]. PMID- 6529598 TI - [Ethics of phase II studies]. PMID- 6529599 TI - [Ethics of randomization]. PMID- 6529600 TI - Cancer precursors and their control by stimulation of the immune system. AB - BCG vaccination at birth according to our studies and those from Montreal, Austria, and Israel, lowers the mortality from leukemia and, in my studies, to all forms of cancer followed over a period of 20 years. It has been proposed by several studies that the lymphoreticulo-endothelial system detects and destroys neoantigens such as would be the case in remnant embryonic antigens. It follows that stimulation of the immune system would be desirable at birth to augment the removal of such neoantigens. There are numerous vaccines which stimulate the immune system, and BCG is among the foremost. I propose, therefore, that the mechanism of cancer mortality reduction in those BCG vaccinated at birth was at least in part due to the detection and destruction of embryonic cells or components thereof. To prove this theory, I recommend: Retrospective studies be done in those BCG vaccinated at birth and those not vaccinated for the incidence of cancer and leukemia over the years. Test cells, sera, and urine of those BCG vaccinated and non-vaccinated for the presence of embryonic antigens or antibodies. BCG vaccinated individuals should have lower titers of fetal antigens or antibodies than the non-vaccinated. Examine the organs on post mortem of BCG vaccinated and non-vaccinated individuals who died from trauma for the presence of fetal antigens or antibodies. PMID- 6529601 TI - Longitudinal methods for evaluating therapy. AB - Longitudinal studies of therapy are unparalleled in their ability to ensure scientifically cogent results by clearly separating cause (therapy) from effect (therapeutic outcome), by allowing incorporation of duration of follow-up into the assessment of comparative outcomes, and by permitting the use of safeguards against non-concurrent therapies, unequal prognostic susceptibilities, unequal therapeutic performance, and unequal detection of outcomes. The price of these advantages includes the reduced ability of longitudinal studies to evaluate therapies whose outcomes occur rarely or with long latencies, as well as the specific logistic, ethical, and design problems that limit the ability of clinical trials to answer many of the therapeutic questions which are important to clinical practice. The implications of these limitations are that longitudinal evaluations may not be suitable for addressing many therapeutic issues- particularly those involving preventive therapies--and that even when longitudinal studies are suitable, randomized trials may not be logistically feasible or ethically permissible to answer every clinically important question. One of the important challenges for research in this area is to develop alternative methods for assessing therapeutic effectiveness. PMID- 6529602 TI - Inflammatory reaction in familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) before and with colchicine therapy. AB - The familial mediterranean fever (FMF) is an inherited, autosomal, recessive disorder which occurs predominantly but not exclusively in Sephardic Jews. It is characterized by a total increase of blood complement components, particularly C4, without any molecular anomaly and associated with an increase in other inflammatory proteins. With colchicine therapy, the symptomatology observed regresses or diminishes and onset of amyloidosis is prevented but the inflammatory and biochemical syndrome persists. PMID- 6529603 TI - Further studies on the histamine metabolism in the M-2 adenocarcinoma. AB - Further studies of the histamine metabolism in the M-2 adenocarcinoma have shown that the tumor and the intestinal histidine decarboxylase should have similar conformations, since both enzymes exhibit superimposable curves of activity vs. pH as well as nearly identical 50% inhibitory concentrations for the specific inhibitor NSD-1015. It has also be found that the increase of the radioactivity uptake by the tumor nuclear fraction compared to the intestinal nuclear fraction after their incubation with 3H-histamine, may be due to qualitative differences between the nuclei, since endogenous contents of DNA and associated proteins were not significantly different. The specific binding of 3H-histamine to different purified DNAs demonstrated very dissimilar proportions of bound histamine, suggesting a possible interaction of histamine with DNA, similar to some of the proposed mechanisms for the modulation of the genomic expression of DNA by some polyamines. PMID- 6529604 TI - 'In vivo' amplification of biological activity of tetragastrin by amino acid hydroxamates. AB - Rat blood was shown to contain an aminopeptidase which rapidly hydrolyses short peptides containing an aromatic amino acid as N-terminal residue. Using tetragastrin (Trp-Met-Asp-PheNH2) as substrate, we showed that some amino acid hydroxamates inhibit rat aminopeptidase activity 'in vitro' in the following order: HTrpNHOH greater than HPheNHOH much greater than HAlaNHOH. The same hydroxamates markedly enhanced the biological activity of tetragastrin 'in vivo'. The amplification of the secretory effect, correlated with the amount of the hydroxamate used, strongly suggests that these compounds can stabilize a number of active peptides in vivo by inhibiting their proteolytic degradation. PMID- 6529605 TI - A small camel-milk protein rich in cysteine/half-cystine. AB - A small protein (Mr about 14 000) rich in cysteine/half-cystine has been isolated from camel milk by exclusion chromatography and reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. The N-terminal amino acid sequence shows a region with several positional identities with alpha and beta-caseins, which however lack cysteine residues; positions 16-20 are identical and involve the serine residues that have been found to be phosphorylated in beta-caseins. PMID- 6529606 TI - [Study of liquid components of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in diffuse interstitial pulmonary diseases]. PMID- 6529607 TI - [Mediastinal germ cell tumor]. PMID- 6529608 TI - [A study on chronic airway diseases--a discussion focused mainly upon bronchographic findings of diffuse panbronchiolitis]. PMID- 6529609 TI - [Implication of the bronchoscopic examination in sarcoidosis (transbronchial lung biopsy, endoscopic findings and bronchoalveolar lavage)]. PMID- 6529610 TI - [Bronchial hyperresponsiveness in patients with diffuse panbronchiolitis (DPB)- in comparison with that in patients with bronchial asthma, patients with emphysema, and healthy volunteers]. PMID- 6529611 TI - Spreading depression and the blood-brain barrier. AB - The propagation of spreading cortical depression was studied in rabbits during the reversible opening of the blood-brain barrier induced by hypertonic aqueous solutions of sodium chloride and sodium diatrizoate. The rupture of the blood brain barrier was monitored by the leakage of Evans blue-albumin from pial vessels. Spreading depression was monitored by recording its characteristic slow voltage variations. Test substances were injected into the carotid artery or topically applied to the pia-arachnoid surface. Intracarotid injection of hypertonic solutions that open the blood-brain barrier do not block the propagation of spreading depression. Topical application of NaCl solutions can block the spread of the cortical depression reaction without opening the blood brain barrier. Recurrent spreading depression waves at a mean frequency of one every 5 min, for 4 h do not cause the release of Evans blue-albumin complex from pial vessels. PMID- 6529612 TI - Contribution of intraoperative biliary manometry for the diagnosis of bile duct stones. AB - Sixty patients with cholecystitis and gallstones, with and without biliary duct calculi, were submitted to intraoperative biliary manometry and cholangiography. The patients were subdivided into two groups of 30: Group A, without biliary duct calculi, and Group B, with biliary duct calculi. The pathology had been diagnosed before surgery for 24 patients in group B (B1), and for 6 (B2), diagnosis was made on the basis of intraoperative manometry which showed higher pressure values than those encountered in the main bile ducts of patients without calculi, and of intraoperative cholangiography. Choledocotomy, which was performed on all 6 patients, confirmed the presence of calculi. When three successive sequences of pressure measurements were performed on the common bile duct of patients with biliary duct stones there was an increase in pressure at 10, 15 and 20 s from the first compared to the third sequence. Intraoperative manometry suggested the presence of biliary duct calculi, which was confirmed by intraoperative cholangiography in the 20% of patients in group B for whom calculi had not been previously diagnosed, and decreased unnecessary choledocotomy. PMID- 6529613 TI - The magnesiuric effects of several single doses of xipamide in healthy adults. AB - Common diuretics induce hypermagnesiuria which may lead to somatic magnesium depletion and subsequently to serious cardiac arrhythmias. The objectives of the present study were to determine if low doses of the diuretic xipamide cause hypermagnesiuria and to describe the time course of urinary Mg2+ excretion after xipamide in normal probands. Experiments were carried out on 13 healthy adult volunteers given monodoses of placebo, 5, 10 and 20 mg xipamide on separate days in random order. Urine collected at 3, 6, 12 and 24 h after dosing was analyzed for Mg2+ and other solutes. All doses of xipamide induced significant increases of 24-h urinary volume, and C1-, Na+, K+ and Mg2+ excretion when compared to the placebo. Urinary Mg2+ flow was delayed with respect to Na+ flow for all doses of xipamide. Xipamide administered acutely at low doses to healthy subjects causes hypermagnesiuria. The likelihood exists that this substance may induce somatic magnesium depletion when chronically administered, even at low doses. PMID- 6529614 TI - Antispasmodic effects of an alkaloid extracted from Phyllanthus sellowianus: a comparative study with papaverine. AB - Infusions of Phyllanthus sellowianus or P. niruri (Euphorbiaceae) are a popular remedy in Brazil for kidney and bladder stones. This study describes the isolation of an alkaloid from P. sellowianus, denoted ALK-1, and compares its antipasmodic activity with that of papaverine on isolated strips of guinea pig ileum and rat uterus, and rat aorta rings. ALK-1 and papaverine promoted a dose dependent flattening of the dose-response curves obtained to acetylcholine and histamine on ileum strips and of the dose-response curves to acetylcholine and oxytocin on uterine strips. A non-competitive antagonism of noradrenaline-induced contractions by the P. sellowianus alkaloid was also demonstrated on aortic rings. Whereas the antispasmodic potency (pD'2 values) of papaverine did not depend on the muscle preparation and agonist used, ALK-1 exhibited a greater potency on the ileum strips than on the uterine or aortic preparations. Because of this selective antispasmodic action on the ileum, ALK-1 was equipotent to papaverine on this tissue, but was about 10-fold less potent than papaverine on uterine smooth-muscle. The dose-response curves to CaCl2 obtained for potassium depolarized uterine strips were shifted to the right by both antispasmodics. Similar pA2 values with slopes not differing from unity -1.0 were obtained from Schild plots of the data, suggesting that competitive antagonism of calcium entry into the cell is a mechanism of action common to both alkaloids. The presence of at least one potent antispasmodic alkaloid in P. sellowianus justifies the popular use of infusions of this plant. Smooth muscle relaxation within the urinary or biliary tract probably facilitates the expulsion of kidney or bladder calculi. PMID- 6529615 TI - Amnesia as a major side effect of electroconvulsive shock: the possible involvement of hypothalamic opioid systems. AB - Electroconvulsive shock (ECS) is used in the treatment of depression and causes antero- and retrograde amnesia as a side effect. One of the many neurochemical effects of ECS is depletion of brain beta-endorphin and Met-enkephalin. These two opioid peptides cause antero- and retrograde amnesia also. Naloxone antagonizes the amnestic effect of ECS and of the opioid peptides. Thus, it is possible that the amnestic effect of ECS is mediated by an endogenous release of the peptides. Surgical posterior hypothalamic deafferentation, but not anterior deafferentation or fornix transection, abolishes the amnestic effect of ECS. This suggests that the hyperactivation of endogenous opioid systems by ECS that leads to amnesia is mediated by posterior ascending fibers to the hypothalamus. The relevance of these considerations to the treatment of depression merits investigation. PMID- 6529616 TI - NADP redox state and mitochondrial Ca2+ efflux: a controversial issue. AB - It has been shown that Ca2+ efflux from respiring liver mitochondria is promoted by the oxidized steady state of mitochondrial pyridine nucleotides (NAD(P)), whereas Ca2+ retention is favored by a more reduced state (Lehninger, A.L., Vercesi, A.E. and Bababunmi, E.A., Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA, 75, 1690-1694, 1978). The physiological relevance and the molecular mechanism responsible for the process are controversial and are discussed here. PMID- 6529617 TI - Three cholinergic neuroblastoma hybrid cell lines that form few synapses on myotubes are deficient in acetylcholine receptor aggregation molecules and large dense core vesicles. AB - Three neuroblastoma X glioma hybrid cell lines that synthesize and release acetylcholine but that form few or no synapses with cultured skeletal muscle cells lack two characteristics of neuroblastoma or hybrid cell lines that do form many synapses with myotubes: large dense core vesicles and the ability to increase the number of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor clusters on co-cultured myotube membranes. Functional synapse formation on myotubes was increased by co culturing myotubes and cells from one of the defective lines with neuroblastoma cells that induce myotube acetylcholine receptor aggregation but which synthesize little or no acetylcholine. PMID- 6529618 TI - Glial polypeptides transferred into the squid giant axon. AB - The proteins synthesized by the glial sheath of an isolated segment of squid giant axon and by the cell bodies of the giant axon in the isolated stellate ganglion were labeled by incubation in the presence of [3H]leucine. The axoplasm, which contained labeled proteins transferred from the glial sheath, was separated from the sheath by mechanical extrusion. The labeled proteins in the axoplasm, the empty sheath and the stellate ganglion were analyzed and compared by one- and two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Over 80 glial polypeptides were found to be selectively transferred into the axoplasm and many of these were distinct from stellate ganglion polypeptides which presumably could be supplied to the axon via axonal transport. Three of the more highly labeled transferred glial polypeptides (TGPs) were actin, a fodrin-like polypeptide and a polypeptide we have named traversin. Our observations, considered in the context of other reports, suggest that the squid axon receives a large number of polypeptides from its surrounding glia either by phagocytozing glial cell process that project into it or via cytoplasmic channels between adaxonal glia and the axon. These TGPs may help the axon survive unfavorable conditions. PMID- 6529619 TI - Structure and function of fetal cortex implanted into degenerating peripheral nerve of adult rat. AB - The growth, differentiation and function of E11 fetal cortex was studied over 4 months after implantation into the degenerating nerve to the biceps femoris muscle of 70 rats. At 7 days postimplantation (DPI) the implant formed a neuroepithelium which contained mainly undifferentiated cells within a reconstituted perineurium. At 14-21 DPI the neurons contained differentiated, mature nuclei, poorly developed Nissl bodies and normal cytoplasmic organelles. Neuroglia were also observed with typical nuclei and a dense cytoplasmic ground. At 30 days the implants reached their greatest degree of differentiation. Neurons had mature nuclei and cytoplasmic organelles. There were few axosomatic synapses or neuronal cell processes. Neuroglia were prominent with many cell processes. The neuropil contained myelinated and unmyelinated nerve fibers, dendrites and many axodendritic synapses. At 40-50 DPI the neurons and neuronal cell processes were degenerating. At 60-120 DPI the implant contained only neuroglia. Stimulation of only the implant resulted in biceps femoris muscle contraction in 5 animals at 30 DPI and one animal at 40, 45 and 50 days. Injection of 10 microliter of WGA-HRP into the biceps femoris muscle resulted in at least 20 neurons in 3 30-day implants that contained HRP reaction product. These data show that fetal cortical neurons can assume functions different from normal, functionally reinnervate adult muscle and can differentiate and form an ectopic nervous system for at least 30-days after implantation into a degenerating adult host peripheral nerve. PMID- 6529620 TI - Glucose utilization is unchanged in red nucleus after axotomy. AB - Separate series of adult rats were subjected to unilateral high cervical and low thoracic section of the rubrospinal tract and sacrificed 1-30 (cervical series) and 3-100 days (thoracic series) later. Local cerebral glucose utilization ([14C]2-DG method of Sokoloff et al.) was determined in the red nucleus and in the inferior colliculus, nucleus interpositus and sensorimotor cortex of both sides in operates and controls. Although severe atrophy of rubral neurons follows cervical tractotomy while reversible chromatolytic alterations occur after thoracic lesions, glucose utilization did not differ in the red nucleus of operated and control rats. However, glucose utilization increased slightly in the inferior colliculus of all operated animals, a finding of indeterminate significance. The failure of axotomized intrinsic neurons of red nucleus and their surround to show altered glucose utilization stands in sharp contrast to the marked increase which occurs in cranial nerve nuclei after axotomy of their contained extrinsic neurons. The data are held to constitute another indication that there is a fundamental difference in the metabolic responses of extrinsic and intrinsic mammalian neurons to axotomy and may support the contention that, in mammals, the axon reaction of intrinsic neurons is fundamentally different from that of extrinsic nerve cells. This difference may have significance for failure of axon regeneration in mammalian CNS.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6529621 TI - Depletion of total acetylcholine by hemicholinium-3 in isolated rat diaphragm is less in the presence of dexamethasone. AB - Low concentrations of dexamethasone (Dex) stimulate the initial rate of radioactive choline (Ch) accumulation in the endplate-rich area (EPA) of indirectly stimulated hemidiaphragms, while higher concentrations (greater than 0.6 microM) inhibit. This biphasic concentration-effect curve is found even in the presence of 26 microM hemicholinium-3 (HC-3), an inhibitor of Ch accumulation. In incubations (3 min) where the total hemidiaphragm acetylcholine (ACh) content is not altered by 26 microM HC-3, the inhibition by HC-3 of both the Ch accumulation rate and the incorporation of radioactive Ch into ACh in the EPA of stimulated tissues is less in the presence of 0.2 microM Dex. In 120 min incubations with 15 microM HC-3 and without added Ch, the tissue ACh content is depleted in both stimulated and unstimulated hemidiaphragms. In both cases the depletion of ACh is significantly less in the presence of 0.2 microM Dex. In stimulated tissues a comparable depletion of ACh due to 15 microM HC-3 is also found with 1 and 10 microM Ch added to the medium. It is significantly less when 0.2 microM Dex and 1 microM Ch are added to the medium. In 120 min incubations with stimulated tissue, the amount of "bound' ACh is increased by addition of 30 microM Ch to the medium, decreased in the presence of 0.2 microM Dex, and greatly decreased in the presence of 15 microM HC-3. In the presence of Dex plus HC-3, the decrease in the amount of "bound' ACh due to either Dex or HC-3 alone, is abolished provided that 30 microM Ch is also present.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6529622 TI - Isolated rat brain capillaries possess intact, structurally complex, interendothelial tight junctions; freeze-fracture verification of tight junction integrity. AB - Populations of isolated brain capillaries have been proposed as useful models for in vitro studies of the blood-brain barrier. Preliminary investigations of barrier properties using such preparations of brain microvessels have suggested that the tight interendothelial junctions (zonulae occludentes) are intact and retain the impermeability to the protein tracer horseradish peroxidase, exhibited by them in vivo. The endothelial junctions of isolated capillaries are therefore assumed to be functionally "tight' in vitro. In order to determine the precise structural organization of these occluding junctions, including an estimate of their tightness (complexity), and to demonstrate a method for simple but precise assessment of junctional integrity, pellets of isolated rat brain capillaries were freeze-fractured and then replicated with platinum and carbon. The freeze fracture images of interendothelial zonulae occludentes revealed complex arrays of intramembrane ridges and grooves characteristic of tight junctions. Longitudinal fractures of the cellular lining of capillaries exposed vast expanses of interendothelial plasma membrane interfaces and the junctional complexes situated between the cells. From such arrays, the elaborate and complex architecture of the zonulae occludentes could be readily appreciated. Situated on the PF fracture faces are 6-8 parallel ridges which display a high degree of anastomosing between adjacent strands. The EF fracture face contains grooves complementary to the PF face ridges. The zonulae occludentes of these capillary endothelial cells are similar in complexity to those reported in the literature for reptilian brain capillaries and therefore can be presumed "very tight'. This study demonstrates that freeze-fracture of pellets of brain capillaries alleviates sampling problems inherent in whole tissue preparations and, in addition, demonstrates the usefulness of freeze-fracture as a tool to monitor junction structure during in vitro investigation of the blood-brain barrier. PMID- 6529623 TI - Single unit activity in the auditory cortex and the medial geniculate body of the rhesus monkey: behavioral modulation. AB - Three Rhesus monkeys were trained to respond to a given auditory signal, the nature of which could be predicted from a preceding visual stimulus. The activity of 28 units in the auditory cortex and 53 units in the Medial Geniculate Body (MGB) of the monkey was recorded during task-performance conditions, as well as in the non-performance conditions. The activity of about one third of the cortical and MGB units was independent of the behaving status of the animal. In other units, the response to an auditory signal delivered during task-performance conditions as compared to the response recorded during non-performance periods was either augmented or attenuated. Furthermore, it was found that the spontaneous activity of most of the MGB and cortical units was continuously affected by either an excitatory or an inhibitory input, activated by the behavioral state. The temporal characteristics of behavioral modulation were studied by computing an amplification curve for all MGB units characterized by a 'through stimulus excitation' type of response. Analysis of these curves together with the behavioral effect on the spontaneous activity allows the suggestion of possible mechanisms by which the behavioral state of the monkey modulates the activity in the thalamocortical segment of the auditory system. PMID- 6529624 TI - Axonal endings terminating on dendrites of identified large trigeminospinal projection neurons in rat trigeminal nucleus oralis. AB - The retrograde horseradish peroxidase technique was used to: (1) identify and assess the overall morphology of large neurons in the ventrolateral portion (VL) of rat trigeminal nucleus oralis projecting to cervical, thoracic and lumbosacral levels of the spinal cord; and (2) characterize the synaptic endings terminating on their dendrites. The morphology of large VL neurons projecting to all spinal levels is similar. They have 25-50 microns pyramidal-shaped somata which emit 3-6 primary dendrites. These primary dendrites give rise to spherical to elliptical shaped dendritic arbors measuring up to 700 microns in diameter. Labeled axons enter either a deep axon bundle or the medial portion of the spinal V tract. Dendrites of labeled neurons are contacted by axonal endings of 3 types. The most numerous endings are filled with clear, spherical synaptic vesicles and usually form single asymmetrical contacts along the entire length of dendritic shafts. Synapsing less frequently on dendritic shafts are endings containing pleomorphic synaptic vesicles and forming single symmetrical synaptic contacts. The least frequently encountered synaptic terminal contains flattened synaptic vesicles and makes a single symmetrical synaptic contact with a dendritic shaft. PMID- 6529625 TI - Kinematic and EMG reactions to imposed interlimb phase alterations during bipedal cycling. AB - Strong 'neural constraints' synchronizing the step cycles of bilaterally paired limbs in decerebrate cats have been revealed by forcing those limbs to step at different speeds. To determine if humans operate under similar restrictions, we studied subjects pedaling a bicycle ergometer whose coupled cranks imposed continuous change upon interlimb phasing. Unlike the cat, the EMG timing patterns of each leg proved to vary little as a function of phase. Phase change did induce fluctuations in average EMG signal energy, but these were highly idiosyncratic to each muscle. Nevertheless, leg kinematic trajectories remained confined to narrow bounds well within biomechanical limitations. We thus suggest that the trajectory of each leg is actively regulated during pedaling, although the interlimb neural constraints apparent in decerebrate stepping are absent. PMID- 6529626 TI - Dendrites of deep layer, somatosensory superior collicular neurons extend into the superficial laminae. AB - Intracellular recording and horseradish peroxidase (HRP) injection techniques were used to delineate the structural and functional properties of superior collicular (SC) neurons in hamsters. Of 34 cells recovered from the deep laminae (those ventral to the stratum opticum--SO), 26 were exclusively somatosensory and 10 of these extended dendrites into the superficial layers, the stratum griseum superficiale (SGS) and SO. In 2 instances, dendrites extended only to the SO, but in 8 others they reached the SGS. Three of the latter cells had dendrites which terminated just beneath the pial surface. These findings show that an anatomical substrate for communication from superficial to deep layer cells exists in the hamster SC, but that such communication may not necessarily be reflected in the response of deep layer neurons. PMID- 6529627 TI - Effects of centrally administered naloxone on phrenic nerve activity. AB - The present study examined the effect on respiration of naloxone administered centrally. Experiments were performed on anesthetized, paralyzed cats whose vagi and carotid sinus nerves had been cut. The animals' end-tidal pCO2 and body temperature were kept constant with servocontrollers. Naloxone administered into the third cerebral ventricle in doses of 40 micrograms/kg and 400 micrograms/kg resulted in significant (P less than 0.05) increases in phrenic neural activity. The response to the 400 micrograms/kg dose was significantly greater (P less than 0.05) than the response to the 40 micrograms/kg dose. A dose of 40 micrograms/kg naltrexone administered to each of two animals produced similar increases in respiratory activity. These data indicate that in the preparation studied endogenous opiates exert a tonic inhibitory effect on respiration through their action on central opiate receptors. PMID- 6529628 TI - [Prevention of stress ulcers in intensive care. Cimetidine and alkalines as prophylaxis of digestive hemorrhage]. PMID- 6529629 TI - [Effects of high doses of pethidine and fentanyl on hemodynamics in the dog]. PMID- 6529630 TI - [Treatment of headache following lumbar puncture]. PMID- 6529631 TI - [Differential anesthetic block]. AB - The concept of differential action of local anaesthetics on nerve fibers of different size is falsified by experiment. The temporal succession of alteration in perception is to be explained by changes at higher levels of integration. PMID- 6529632 TI - [Per- and postoperative buprenorphine analgesia: cardiocirculatory and respiratory effects]. AB - In 25 non-premedicated patients, buprenorphine (5 micrograms/kg - 1) has been injected i.v. 30 mn before coelioscopic sterilization under general anaesthesia. Following the i.v. injection there no significant modification of the arterial systolic and diastolic blood pressure was observed but post-operative bradycardia. Tidal volume and minute/ventilation decreased whereas the respiratory rate remained stable. Arterial blood gaz analysis showed slightly hypoxaemia and a significant rise of PaCO2 with post-operative acidosis similar to that in the control group. Good postoperative analgesia was achieved but with profound sedation and a high incidence of nausea and vomiting. PMID- 6529633 TI - [Action of thiopental on the lower esophageal sphincter]. PMID- 6529634 TI - [Perfused ketamine]. PMID- 6529635 TI - [Respiratory disorders in acute poisoning]. PMID- 6529636 TI - [Postoperative hepatic coma]. PMID- 6529637 TI - [Effects of subanesthetic concentrations of halothane on the adenyl system of erythrocytes]. PMID- 6529638 TI - [Complications during exeresis of cystic tumors of the brain in children]. PMID- 6529639 TI - [Cardiac arrest after prostigmine during the acute phase of post-traumatic tetraplegia]. PMID- 6529640 TI - [Heroin withdrawal syndrome after general anesthesia]. PMID- 6529641 TI - [Fatal lymphorrhagia]. PMID- 6529642 TI - [Lumbar puncture: indications and limitations]. AB - Fast deterioration of the neurological status of patients with raised intracranial pressure after lumbar puncture is not rare. Cerebral coning or rebleeding occur in consequence of cerebrospinal fluid leak. An experimental model correlates leakage with needle gauge. Computed tomography is indicated for diagnosis at the time of the initial examination. Puncture with needles of small diameter (less than 0.5 mm) is recommended. PMID- 6529643 TI - [An apparatus for the noninvasive automatic measurement of arterial pressure]. AB - An automatic apparatus for the measurement of arterial pressure by a non-invasive technique is compared with direct intra-arterial measurement in patients admitted to a neurosurgical intensive care unit. A good correlation is found between the results of the two methods for the systolic and diastolic pressure. PMID- 6529644 TI - [Comparative action of different platelet anti-aggregants in the postoperative period]. PMID- 6529645 TI - [The aged and anesthesia]. PMID- 6529646 TI - [Peridural anesthesia and lumbar metastasis]. PMID- 6529647 TI - [Sealing of hinged prostheses of the knee: an important vital risk]. PMID- 6529648 TI - [Hypokalemia caused by the perfusion of carbenicillin]. PMID- 6529649 TI - [Acute postoperative respiratory distress. A rare cause: volvulus of a hiatal hernia]. PMID- 6529650 TI - [Autotransfusion or autologous transfusion]. PMID- 6529651 TI - [Induced normovolemic hemodilution associated with autotransfusion in orthopedic surgery in children]. AB - One hundred provoked normovolemic hemodilutions, which were associated with autotransfusion, have been performed in ninety-three children during a period of sixteen months. This study shows a significant saving of homologous blood (thirteen children, only had to be transfused). The mean difference in the hemoglobin level before and after surgery was of 2.1 g/100 ml. This technic did not result in any complication. PMID- 6529652 TI - [Disadvantages and limitations of autotransfusion in pediatric surgery]. PMID- 6529653 TI - [Practice of autotransfusion. Study of 115 cases]. PMID- 6529654 TI - [Peroperative autotransfusion]. AB - Intraoperative autotransfusion was used in 15 patients undergoing peripheral vascular, porta-caval and liver surgery. This technique is blood saving in these indications. The most important physiopathological consequence is disseminated intravascular coagulation, whatever anticoagulation protocol is used. Low-dose heparin continuously administered is considered. PMID- 6529655 TI - [Normovolemic hemodilution without previous blood collection]. AB - Iso-volaemie hemodilution without preoperative blood letting was produced inpatients undergoing orthopedic surgery. Bleeding was compensated by a modified fluid gelatin-electrolyte solution until a predetermined volume was reached. Further blood-loss was compensated by blood transfusion. Clinical condition, hematocrit, coagulation and renal function were observed in the per- and post operative period. PMID- 6529656 TI - [Normovolemic hemodilution in the prevention of venous thrombosis in orthopedic and traumatologic surgery]. AB - In 114 patients undergoing major orthopedic surgery among which 47 hip replacements, hematocrit was reduced to between 30 and 32% by withdrawing red cells without increasing the blood volume. Deep veinous thrombosis was observed in 4 cases. No pulmonary embolism occurred. Incisional hematoma was noted in 0.9% of the cases. PMID- 6529658 TI - [Acute respiratory distress syndrome after transfusion of blood with leukocytes removed]. PMID- 6529657 TI - [Intracranial and intraspinal hemorrhage during anticoagulant therapy. Analysis of 52 cases]. PMID- 6529659 TI - [General anesthesia in shock therapy]. PMID- 6529661 TI - [Hyponatremia caused by extracellular hyperosmolarity]. PMID- 6529660 TI - [Urothorax following total cystectomy]. PMID- 6529662 TI - [Nitrous oxide. Technical and economic questions]. PMID- 6529663 TI - [Nitrous oxide (nitrogen protoxide) and complications of anesthesia]. PMID- 6529664 TI - [Intensive care in acute hemorrhagic pancreatitis. Hemodynamic aspects]. AB - Hemodynamic monitoring by a balloon flotation catheter was done in eight patients suffering from acute hemorrhagic pancreatitis. This syndrome associates hypovolemia and circulatory failure. These two factors are enhanced by the "pulmonary pancreatic syndrome" which produces hypoxemia. Thus positive end expiratory pressure ventilation must be employed and could worsen circulation failure. Dobutamine may help to better hemodynamic conditions. PMID- 6529665 TI - [Intramuscular premedication with diazepam in a fat emulsion]. AB - 10 mg of diazepam in fat emulsion was given for premedication intramuscularly to 106 patients. In 53% of the cases patients were well sedated, 33% were apprehensive, 14% anxious. Pain related to the injection was complained of by 4 patients. Plasma concentration of diazepam at induction (60 minutes after the injection) was 130 ng/ml. Compared to diazepam in propylene glycol, pain at the injection side was less frequent while the level of sedation and the plasma concentration of diazepam were similar. PMID- 6529666 TI - [Adult respiratory distress syndrome after anaphylactic shock (the role of diazepam and succinylcholine)]. PMID- 6529667 TI - [A panorama of French anesthesiology in 1983]. PMID- 6529668 TI - [Thrombopenia and disseminated intravascular coagulation induced by calcium heparinate]. PMID- 6529669 TI - [Physiopathologic impact of extracorporeal circulation]. PMID- 6529670 TI - [Anesthesia in surgery of calcified aortic stenosis]. PMID- 6529671 TI - [Importance of injectable isosorbide dinitrate after cardiac surgery under extracorporeal circulation]. PMID- 6529672 TI - [Incidence and prognosis of acute renal failure after cardiac surgery with extracorporeal circulation]. AB - Acute renal failure occurred in 21 patients after 311 cardiac operations with cardiopulmonary bypass in adults (6,75%). It was non oliguric in 20 cases. It is related to per and postoperative hemodynamic depression. Patients operated for valvular replacement seemed most at risk if severe cardiac failure existed with or without preoperative renal dysfunction. Similarly those operated upon for mechanical complications of myocardial infarction were often affected. The prognosis depends on the degree of cardiac failure. Strict patient selection, myocardial protection during bypass and measures to increase low cardiac output are recommended. Intra-aortic balloon pump for patients with myocardial infarction and dopamine in the early postoperative period seem helpful. PMID- 6529675 TI - [Anesthesia for extra-cardiac surgery in children with congenital cardiopathies]. PMID- 6529674 TI - [Cardiac tamponade]. PMID- 6529673 TI - [Infections in surgery under extracorporeal circulation. Results of 3 years of antibioprophylaxis]. AB - The present study was designed to evaluate perioperative antibio-therapy with cefamandol for the prevention of post-operative infections after surgery under cardiopulmonary bypass. 1 300 patients were studied. The incidence for wound infections was 1.3%, 0.9% for systemic, 1.3% for other infections. These results show a decrease in the frequency of infections in comparison with data from the literature. PMID- 6529676 TI - [Prevention of early respiratory complications in esophageal surgery by ventilation of the independent lungs]. AB - Independent lung controlled ventilation by a double lumen tube has a beneficial effect in oesophagus surgery. Use of a tidal volume and an end-expiratory pressure different for each lung produces a drastic reduction of chest-X-ray abnormalities. In an homogen group of ten patients studied before and treated with conventional respiratory support, chest-X-ray abnormalities were seen in 80% cases. In this group of 34 patients treated with independent lung ventilation the rate of abnormalities is only of 20%. Independent lung ventilation decreases early pulmonary complications in dependent regions of the lungs, and late pulmonary complications in non dependent regions. This form of mechanical ventilation is performed with a "prototype" ventilator of small size, which permits synchronized or independent ventilation of the lungs. PMID- 6529677 TI - [Testing of an ultraviolet Halothane Meter]. AB - The object of Halothane Meter (HM) study is to estimate its reliability (accuracy and stability) and its possible effect on the degradation of the molecule by the action of the UV (254 nm). The zero instability of the apparatus, clinically evident, is due to the constructor who undertakes to modify it. The molecule analysis, treated in vivo (4 hours of anesthesia) and in vitro by irradiation respectively by the HM (cathodeon 254 nm) and a source of some wavelength UV is realised by UV spectrophotometry, IR spectrophotometry, RMN spectrometry. The results of all analysis allow to exclude the molecule degradation which could impede the recirculation of treated gas in a closed circle. PMID- 6529678 TI - [Choice of a central analgesic for anesthesia with spontaneous respiration]. AB - The ventilatory effects of tramadol (T) and nefopam (N) are evaluated in anesthetized patients with enflurane in a closed circuit breathing system and compared with the effects of pentazocine (P). The following parameters tidal volume (VT), minute ventilation (V), CO2 (capnometry) occlusion pressure (OP), ventilatory response to hypercarbia are recorded after 30 minutes of anaesthesia, before and after repeated injections of the analgesics, P: 15 mg, N: 40 mg, T: 100 mg are injected I.V., and analgesics administration is repeated at 30 minutes interval, so that the patients receive a total P dose of 30 mg, a total N dose of 60 mg and a total T dose of 200 mg. The administration of 15 mg of P induces a change in VT (-24%), ventilatory frequency (-40%), OP (-18) OP only returns to basal values after a second dose. The ventilatory response to hypercarbie is indeed satisfying (increase of 61% in V). After N and T, ventilatory frequency is not disturbed. V increases of 16% and 11% respectively after the first injection, and of 31% and 2% after the second injection. OP increases by 39% and 56% respectively after the first injection and gets better over time with nefopam (+ 58%), 30 mg of P. 20 mg of N and 100 mg of T are equivalent for analgesia.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6529679 TI - [Subclavicular brachial plexus anesthesia. Apropos of 200 cases. Anatomical and clinical justification]. PMID- 6529680 TI - [Midazolam combined with neuroleptanesthesia as a hypnotic]. AB - Two groups of 20 women randomly distributed underwent general anaesthesia based on dextromoramide and droperidol. Midazolam was given 0.2 mg X kg-1 in the first group, 0.4 mg X kg-1 in the second. Induction was considered satisfactory in more than 90 p. cent of patients in both groups (NS). Midazolam produced a decrease of systolic blood pressure of 9 mm Hg in group I (p less than 0,001) and 11 mm Hg in group II (p less than 0,001) as well as a decrease in diastolic blood pressure of 5 mm Hg (p less than 0,025) and 7 mm Hg (p less than 0,005) respectively. Heart rate decreased significantly only in group II (by 4 c X mn-1, p less than 0,01). These alterations were similar in both groups and did not reach physiologic importance. Maintenance of anesthesia as well as recovery were uneventful in all cases. Higher doses of midazolam reduced only slightly the dose of the neuroleptic. Its is concluded that midazolam is a good induction agent neuroleptic-analgesic anaesthesia. The use of more than 0.2 mg X kg-1 is of no particular interest but is well tolerated. PMID- 6529681 TI - [Hyperbaric spinal anesthesia with 0.5 percent bupivacaine in traumatological and orthopedic surgery]. AB - Bupivacaine for spinal anesthesia produces operating conditions for over two hours. The onset of sensory block is rapid. Motor blockade is incomplete in 13% at the cases. The quality of anesthesia was judged very satisfactory. Adapting dosage to size (0.1 mg X cm-1) decreases the risk of excessive spread of the block. Simultaneous administration of dihydroergotamine and flunitrazepam enhances cardio-vascular stability and acceptance by patients. PMID- 6529682 TI - [Intravenous locoregional anesthesia with 0.5 percent bupivacaine]. PMID- 6529683 TI - [Peridural postoperative morphine analgesia in children]. PMID- 6529684 TI - [Acute meprobamate poisoning. Efficacy of peritoneal dialysis]. PMID- 6529685 TI - [Preparation of dilutions according to patient's weight for the continuous administration of drugs]. PMID- 6529686 TI - [Nomogram of FiO2 in air-oxygen mixtures]. PMID- 6529687 TI - [Comparison of the efficacy of flunitrazepam as premedication in pediatric anesthesia, according to the route of administration (intramuscular, intrarectal) ]. PMID- 6529688 TI - [Flunitrazepam by the rectal route as premedication in children]. PMID- 6529689 TI - [Importance of flunitrazepam for the reduction of bleeding in rhinoplasty]. PMID- 6529690 TI - [Importance of flunitrazepam as a complement to peridural anesthesia in aged subjects and in those presenting risk factors in orthopedic surgery]. PMID- 6529691 TI - [Axillary block of the brachial plexus and flunitrazepam premedication in surgery of the upper limb (study of 1,500 cases)]. AB - The authors report their experience of regional block using anaesthesia of the brachial plexus by the axillary approach. 1 500 axillary blocks have been done since 1976. They perfect their technology and report their results. Because of the innocuity of regional block and its simplicity, they use it in seventy per cent of superior limb acute or regular surgery. PMID- 6529692 TI - [Use of flunitrazepam during cranial tomodensitometric examinations]. PMID- 6529694 TI - [A sedative, flunitrazepam]. PMID- 6529693 TI - [Use of flunitrazepam in cerebral arteriography]. PMID- 6529695 TI - [A narcotic ketamine-flunitrazepam combination for cesarean section]. PMID- 6529696 TI - [Use of flunitrazepam in balneotherapy of the burned patient]. PMID- 6529697 TI - [Importance of the ketamine-flunitrazepam combination in elective abortion]. PMID- 6529699 TI - [Comparison of the effects of flunitrazepam and diazepam used in premedication]. PMID- 6529698 TI - [Flunitrazepam-fentanyl for the intracavitary placement of pacemakers]. AB - Eight hundred pacemaker have been placed under general anaesthesia associating flunitrazepam-fentanyl, with a good comfort and safety for those patients old and often weak. PMID- 6529700 TI - The hydrolysis of phosphatidylcholine by phospholipase A2 in hamster heart. AB - The hydrolysis of acyl esters in phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine by phospholipase A in hamster heart subcellular fractions was investigated. Phosphatidylcholine was found to be a much poorer substrate than phosphatidylethanolamine for the cardiac phospholipase A. The rate of hydrolysis of phosphatidylcholine by microsomal phospholipase A was 10-fold less than with phosphatidylethanolamine as substrate. When 1-[1-14C] palmitoyl-2-acyl phosphatidyl-[Me-3H]choline was used as substrate, both phospholipase A1 and A2 activities were detected in all subcellular fractions, but the highest specific activities for both enzymes were located in the microsomal fraction. However, phospholipase A2 activity in all hamster heart particulate fractions was three to six times higher than phospholipase A1 activity. The hydrolysis of phosphatidylcholine by microsomal phospholipase A2 displayed an alkaline pH optimum and an absolute requirement for Ca2+ or Mg2+. The enzyme also depicted high specificity towards polyunsaturated acyl groups at the C-2 position of phosphatidylcholine. PMID- 6529701 TI - Separation of nitrobenzylthioinosine from high affinity binding sites on human erythrocytes by gel chromatography. AB - The potent inhibitor of nucleoside transport, 6-[(4-nitrobenzyl) mercapto]-9-beta D-ribofuranosylpurine (NBMPR), binds reversibly, but with high affinity (KD 0.3 1.4 nM) to plasma membrane sites on human erythrocytes, and occupancy of those sites by NBMPR correlates with inhibition of transport. An earlier study from this laboratory showed that, upon photoactivation of site-bound [3H]NBMPR on erythrocyte membranes by exposure to UV light, isotopic ligand molecules became covalently linked to membrane polypeptides, which migrated as a discrete band on gel electrophoretograms, thereby identifying nucleoside transport polypeptides. The present study showed that erythrocytes on which the high affinity sites were occupied by reversibly bound [3H]NBMPR were freed of the latter by slow passage at 37 degrees C through 9 X 300 mm columns of Sephadex G-200 gel. Photoactivation of site-bound [3H]NBMPR on the intact cells caused apparent covalent attachment of the ligand because cells so treated retained the isotopic label during passage through the gel columns. Apparent covalent binding to erythrocytes also resulted from photoactivation of site-bound [3H]nitrobenzylmercaptopurine arabinoside. PMID- 6529702 TI - Secretagogues cause a preferential discharge of large size granules in rat pancreas. AB - We have compared the diameters of zymogen granules in the exocrine pancreas of fasted or stimulated rats. The average granule diameter was 0.73 microns +/- 0.18 SD (sample size, 1460) in fasted animals and significantly reduced to 0.68 microns +/- 0.17 SD (sample size, 860) after 120 min and two intraperitoneal injections of urecholine. Reduction of granule size was attributable to the preferential discharge of large size granules. The range between first and third quartiles of the distribution curve was identical in the two groups at 0.24 microns. There was no significant increase in the proportion of granules smaller than 0.40 microns after urecholine stimulation. A third group of animals was "hyperstimulated" by an infusion of a mixture of caerulein, secretin, and urecholine. After 210 min, the average granule diameter was reduced to 0.43 microns +/- 0.14 SD (sample size, 786). The range between first and third quartiles of the distribution curve was 0.16 microns. In this group, 43.5% of the granules was smaller than 0.40 microns. Granule size reduction was accompanied by the appearance of numerous pleiomorphic condensing vacuoles. The present results strongly support the views that secretagogues cause the preferential release of large size granules and favor the formation of small size granules. PMID- 6529703 TI - A comparison of four sulfhydryl cathepsins (B, C, H, and L) from porcine spleen. AB - Four sulfhydryl cathepsins, B, C (dipeptidyl aminopeptidase I), H, and L were isolated from porcine spleen. They are all glycoproteins of similar amino acid compositions, which are comparable with those of cathepsins B and H from other sources and so with papain. All four cathepsins exist in multiple charged forms: B, C, H, and L have isoelectric points in the range 4.3-5.4, 5.3 and 5.9, 5.2 5.7, and 7-8.7, respectively. The molecular weights of cathepsins B and H were 24 000 and 26 000. Anomalous behaviour of cathepsin L on both conventional gel filtration and high pressure liquid chromatography precluded a precise assessment of its weight which is between 22 000 and 28 000. The isolated mercurial derivative of cathepsin C has a molecular weight of 56 000 (an active dimer formed on reduction). Cathepsins B and H also aggregate. PMID- 6529704 TI - Structural analysis of the specific polysaccharide of Streptococcus pneumoniae type 9L (American type 49). AB - The specific capsular polysaccharide produced by Streptococcus pneumoniae type 9L (American type 49) is composed of D-galactose (one part), D-glucose (one part), D glucuronic acid (one part), 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-mannose (one part), and 2 acetamido-2-deoxy-D-glucose (one part). Partial acid hydrolysis, periodate oxidation, nitrous acid deamination, optical rotation, methylation, and 13C and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance studies showed that the polysaccharide is an unbranched high molecular weight linear polymer of a repeating pentasaccharide unit having the structure: (formula; see text). PMID- 6529705 TI - Effect of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate on cell-surface glycosaminoglycans in human diploid fibroblasts. AB - The effect of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) on the loss of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) from the pericellular compartment of human skin fibroblasts was studied. GAGs from this compartment were analyzed by anion exchange chromatography after cultures had been labelled with both [3H]glucosamine and [35S]sulfate and then chased in either the presence or absence of TPA. In both control and TPA cultures radioactivity was found in glycopeptides, hyaluronic acid, heparan sulfate (HS), and chondroitin sulfate. The amount of radioactivity that was found in HS was reduced in the TPA cultures, whereas the amounts in the other GAGs were essentially unchanged when control and treated cultures were compared. These results suggest that TPA stimulates the loss of HS from the surface of human fibroblasts. PMID- 6529706 TI - Maternal and fetal ethanol pharmacokinetics and cardiovascular responses in near term pregnant sheep. AB - The disposition and cardiovascular effects of ethanol were studied in near-term pregnant sheep and their fetuses after intravenous infusions either to the mother or the fetus. Placental transfer of ethanol from mother to fetus was rapid, but transfer from the fetal to maternal circulation was impaired when ethanol was administered directly to the fetus. Plasma clearance of ethanol was similar from the mother and fetus in utero. In the maternal infusion experiments, both maternal and fetal heart rate increased with plasma ethanol concentration. However, in the fetal infusion experiments, both maternal and fetal heart rate increased with plasma ethanol concentration. However, in the fetal infusion experiments, fetal heart rate was inversely related to plasma ethanol concentrations while maternal mean arterial blood pressure increased with maternal plasma ethanol concentration. Further studies in neonatal lambs are needed to determine if ethanol has adverse effects on hemodynamics when the neonate is separated from its protective intrauterine environment. PMID- 6529707 TI - Branching characteristics of coronary arteries in rats. AB - The purpose of this study is to examine quantitatively the branching characteristics of the coronary arteries. Branching angles and vessel diameters were measured in a total of 175 arterial bifurcations in the coronary beds of rats, and the results are compared with those of 350 bifurcations in other parts of the cardiovascular system of the same species. Significant differences are found in the values of branch diameters and branching angles, both being found generally lower in the coronary bed than in other parts of the system. On statistical grounds these differences are found to have very high significance levels, with P values less than 0.02 in the case of branching angles and much less than 0.001 in the case of branch diameters. On physiological grounds, the differences are such as to place the coronary arteries further away from the "theoretical optimum" than are vessels in other parts of the cardiovascular system. The theoretical optimum represents branching angles and branch diameters which make arterial bifurcations more efficient physiologically. PMID- 6529708 TI - Effects of diltiazem on atrioventricular conduction and arterial blood pressure: correlation with plasma drug concentrations. AB - Atrial and atrioventricular conduction variables were studied at control and at the end of each of six consecutive 45-min diltiazem administration periods in eight closed chest-anesthetized dogs. Diltiazem was given as a bolus (50 micrograms/kg, i.v.) followed by an infusion (0.5 micrograms X kg-1 X min-1); doses were doubled in subsequent periods. The plasma concentrations, measured by gas-liquid chromatography, ranged from 8 to 1400 ng/mL and correlated strongly with the doses (r = 0.92; p less than 0.01). The Wenckebach cycle length, basic conduction time, and functional refractory period of the atrioventricular (AV) node increased proportionally with plasma concentration (respective r = 0.90, 0.89, 0.80; p less than 0.01). The minimum mean plasma concentrations affecting these variables significantly were 37, 83, and 175 ng/mL, respectively. Second or third degree AV blocks developed in all dogs for plasma concentrations between 379 and 1400 ng/mL. In four dogs which were given isoproterenol (0.2 micrograms X kg-1 X min-1), these blocks disappeared within 1 min. Atrial conduction time and functional refractory period were slightly but significantly shortened by diltiazem with mean plasma concentrations of 175 ng/mL and over. His-Purkinje intervals were not significantly changed by diltiazem. Systolic and diastolic arterial pressures were decreased by diltiazem (r = -0.64, r = -0.79; p less than 0.01) starting with a mean plasma concentration of 83 ng/mL. We conclude that AV nodal conduction variables are progressively prolonged with increasing plasma concentrations of diltiazem; plasma concentrations affecting blood pressure and AV nodal variables overlap; and the AV blocks produced by toxic concentrations of diltiazem can be corrected by isoproterenol. PMID- 6529709 TI - Functional activity in the lateral habenular and dorsal raphe nuclei following administration of several dopamine receptor antagonists. AB - 2-[14C]deoxyglucose autoradiography was used to show regional functional activity in the rat brain following administration of the dopamine antagonists, cis flupenthixol, metoclopramide, and pimozide. Elevation of functional activity was observed in the lateral habenula (LHb) following administration of all antagonists. The dorsal raphe nucleus (DR) exhibited decreased functional activity following cis-flupenthixol, which exerts effects at both the D1 and D2 receptors, but not following pimozide or metoclopramide, which primarily act at the D2 receptor. These results converge with previous reports suggesting that the functional status of the LHb is regulated by dopaminergic systems, and that LHb efferents may exert a major influence upon DR neurons. These data further suggest that an influence of the LHb upon DR neurons may be affected via the D1 receptor. PMID- 6529710 TI - Organic brain syndromes: new classification, concepts and prospects. AB - The concept, definitions and classification of organic mental disorders have been radically revised in DSM-III, the new American classification. Seven organic brain syndromes have been included and their diagnostic criteria explicitly formulated. The boundary between so-called functional and organic mental disorders has been blurred. The author discusses these changes in the light of growing importance of organic psychiatry due to aging of the population and the high incidence and prevalence of organic mental disorders in the elderly. PMID- 6529711 TI - Treatment noncompliance as a function of therapist attributes and social support. AB - Premature termination of short-term psychotherapy was examined as a function of therapist and social support variables. Patient perceived therapist competence, knowledge, relaxed manner, understanding of the help wanted, attitude, acceptance, listening ability, and sensitivity differentiated Continuers from Terminators. Although few of the social support variables were related to the mode of treatment termination, Continuers were found to be more likely than Terminators to have discussed attendance at the Clinic with others, especially family members. These findings were discussed in terms of their relevance to treatment of the emotionally ill and to the training of clinicians. PMID- 6529712 TI - Whatsoever things are true: ways, means and values in modern psychiatry. AB - Epistemology and ethics are fundamental disciplines to understanding the nature of the medical enterprise. Values of truth, goodness, faith and love dominate the knowledge and practise of medicine. Each epistemological model of truth (truth as useful, truth as correspondence to fact, and truth as coherence) has strengths and weaknesses in guiding us in the scientific method in medicine. Dialectic skills are also important epistemological tools in exploring truth in relationship to diagnosis and treatment. By dialectic and analogy we approach the good as we explore and debate available technique and desirable goal. All of the doctor's scientific discipline and technical skill must be brought to bear within a relationship. It is here that the medical enterprise becomes intensely concerned with ethics. Most ethicists describe the doctor-patient relationship as a fiduciary relationship in which the doctor commits himself to his patient in faithfulness. The doctor-patient relationship is a special form of the "I-Thou relationship" grounded not only in trust but also in love. PMID- 6529714 TI - Indian mental health: changes in the delivery of care in northwestern Ontario. AB - For ten years University of Toronto psychiatrists have made regular visits to isolated Indian villages in remote Northwestern Ontario, offering a clinical psychiatric program. Initially, two non-Indian social workers provided ongoing service between the psychiatric visits. Recognizing the difficulty in providing psychotherapy cross-culturally, the members of the treatment team developed the skills of local persons who were not formally trained in the treatment of mental health problems. The paper describes a significant shift in the psychiatric program beginning in 1981. At that time in certain communities local people took over the service, resulting in an increased ability to provide a preventative psychiatric program. Community based workers have dealt more with early marital difficulties, grief reactions, transitional depressive states, and less with major mental illnesses. In the areas which have community based treatment teams, the emphasis in psychiatric service is shifting from direct clinical work to formal teaching and case consultations with the indigenous counsellors. The evidence indicates optimism that the service is reaching more persons before the emergency stage than it did in previous years of the program. PMID- 6529713 TI - Fathers absent and present. AB - Hindering and obfuscating psychiatric scholarship about the father's role, whether he is present or absent, are several widespread notions and practices- including conceptual, assumptive, attitudinal, methodologic and technical matters. Discussed are eleven barriers to research: patriarchal ideology, preference for studying individual and dyad instead of family systems, preference for considering adults not children, overly rigid definition of parental roles, choosing not longitudinal but one-time cross-sectional study, reasoning about linear cause and effect, focus on attitudes not overt behavior, failure to control for adequate number of variables, neglect of adequate sampling procedures, confusing correlation with causation and an overemphasis on obvious pathology. The father, present or absent, may be salient or insignificant in the life of a child. If salient, the father's role may promote health and growth or may be largely pathogenic. The conclusion holds that an irreducible family unit may consist of only one pair: caretaker/child. PMID- 6529715 TI - Long term mental illness in Canada: an epidemiological perspective on schizophrenia and affective disorders. AB - Canadian national data on psychiatric illness are combined with results from outcome studies to derive figures for the incidence, expectancy, prevalence, prevalence of marked disability, use of institutions and loss of the work force as a result of schizophrenia and affective psychoses. It is hoped that this can be of assistance in planning services and that it will stimulate more direct research into the nature and the scope of the social, psychiatric and economic impact of these illnesses. PMID- 6529716 TI - Developmental stages: an integrating theory of group psychotherapy. AB - The inadequate nature of research into group psychotherapy stems from the lack of a satisfactory general theory that accounts for the group as a social system as well as for the functioning of the individual. A critique is presented of the group-as-whole tradition and a brief introduction given to social system concepts, particularly as they relate to group developmental stages. The idea that groups progress through a series of stages implies the notion of the group as a single entity with its own organizational structure. Specific stages are described through which the group acquires interactional complexity. These are conceptualized as epigenetic phenomena in that the mature structure is attained through an invariate sequence of transformations. Adequate resolution of any one stage is a prerequisite for further development. Group developmental tasks are described for the following stages: Engagement, Differentiation, Individuation, Intimacy, Mutuality and Termination. This set of higher order concepts has been found useful as a theoretical background against which specific group events can be evaluated. By using the idea of stages, the leader can monitor the progress of the group as a unit and compare the activity of any one member with the collectivity. PMID- 6529717 TI - Preparing the conference paper. AB - Presentations at many psychology and psychiatry conferences are ponderous monologues overfilled with information in a format designed for readers, not listeners. Seven ways are suggested to improve the conference paper, and in doing so, to improve the chances of survival (or at least the quality of life) of those who attend them. PMID- 6529718 TI - Clomipramine treatment of repetitive behavior. AB - The paper describes an informal, open trial of the effect of clomipramine on 8 patients with repetitive behaviors which were not part of a classical obsessive compulsive neurosis. Six chronic schizophrenics had obsessions, compulsions and rituals in addition to their schizophrenic symptoms. Four of the six showed reduction in the repetitive behavior with clomipramine. Two cases in which the target symptom and overall clinical picture had little in common with obsessive compulsive neurosis, are reported in detail. Both improved with clomipramine. It is suggested that clomipramine may be useful in the treatment of a broad range of psychiatric disorders characterized by repetitive mental or behavioural phenomena, but which do not fulfill criteria for obsessive-compulsive neurosis. PMID- 6529719 TI - Rapid, psychopharmacologically induced improvement can produce new psychological symptoms. AB - The advent of improved diagnostic criteria, coupled with a refined psychotropic armamentarium, can now produce rapid clinical improvements in clinical psychiatric conditions for which both patients and therapist may be unprepared. The following case report illustrates this problem which will become increasingly important in the practice of psychiatry as further improvements in psychopharmacological therapy occurs. PMID- 6529720 TI - Beyond the best interest of the child: ten years later. AB - The book "Beyond the Best Interest of the Child" advocated major changes in understanding and implementing child placements, through general principles and guidelines and through specific recommendations. After ten years of clinical experience with child placements, a reassessment of the book is attempted. It is felt that the main principles and guidelines espoused are useful and are an improvement over the previous guidelines. However, the specific recommendations were felt to be less useful and are not necessarily the logical consequences of the principles and guidelines. PMID- 6529721 TI - Passing the oral examination for specialist qualification in psychiatry. AB - This paper summarizes a number of considerations in the areas of technique, structure, diagnosis and formulation for candidates attempting to qualify in the psychiatry oral examination. PMID- 6529723 TI - ECT as a form of restraint. PMID- 6529722 TI - Carbamazepine in the treatment of aggressive behavior in schizophrenic patients: a case report. PMID- 6529724 TI - The special patient on the medical/surgical ward. PMID- 6529725 TI - Interpretive psychotherapy with chronic pain patients. PMID- 6529726 TI - Crystalline 2,3:4,5-di-O-isopropylidene-DL-arabinose diethyl dithioacetal: some reactions of acetal derivatives of arabinose. AB - Acetonation of the diethyl dithioacetals of D- and L-arabinose gives the corresponding 2,3:4,5-diisopropylidene acetals (2a and 2b) as oils having [alpha]D +82 and -81 degrees, respectively; in admixture, the enantiomers form a well crystallized racemate, m.p. 43-45 degrees. The initial product of acetonation is the 4,5-monoisopropylidene acetal. Demercaptalation of 2a with mercury(II) chloride-cadmium carbonate gives 2,3:4,5-di-O-isopropylidene-aldehydo D-arabinose (5) in high yield, but the literature procedure employing mercury(II) chloride-mercury(II) oxide affords a mixture of 5 and 1,2:3,4-di-O-isopropylidene beta-D-arabinopyranose (6). A trace of acid readily and completely converts the aldehydo derivative 5 into the cyclic diacetal 6. PMID- 6529727 TI - Prognostic factors and indications for surgical treatment of acute aortic dissections: a report based on 191 observations. AB - A total of 191 acute aortic dissections were examined to define prognostic factors for surgical intervention. Overall survival rate reached 40% in the 94 patients operated upon and 8% in the 97 patients not operated upon. Among the 122 patients with involved ascending aorta, survival rate was 2% in the 42 nonoperated patients versus 42% in 80 patients undergoing surgery. Since 1977, overall survival rate has reached 60% in the surgical group (21 of 35 patients) and 20% in the nonsurgical group (5 of 25 patients). Factors that showed a significant correlation with postoperative death include: persistent shock; persistent anuria; persistent neurologic deficit; diffuse intravascular coagulation; and involvement of either the celiac trunk, superior mesenteric artery, or both renal arteries at angiography. With the exception of those patients exhibiting any of these high-risk factors, emergency surgical treatment is recommended for all dissections that involve the ascending aorta. PMID- 6529728 TI - Silent pericardial effusion in late pregnancy: a new entity. AB - Of 123 healthy pregnant women examined systematically by M-mode and two dimensional echocardiography at various stages of gestation, 46 were in their late pregnancy (32nd-38th week) of whom 19 (41.3%) showed unexpected signs of pericardial effusion on the echocardiogram. Following Horowitz's criteria, the effusion was large in 2, moderate in 4, and small in 13 cases; in all women the condition was clinically silent. Clinical examination was normal in all but 3 women, in whom high blood pressure returned to normal after delivery. The ECG was usually normal (16 of 19 cases) or showed nonspecific ST-T changes. The entity appeared in late pregnancy (not before the 32nd week), was transient, and no longer could be seen within a month after delivery of a normal child. Cause of the effusion was attributed to excessive water and salt retention in those women with an abnormal echocardiogram who at this late stage of gestation had a mean weight gain significantly higher (P less than 0.03) than in others (13.60 +/- 4.28 vs 10.96 +/- 3.7 kg) - an observation not reported before in normal pregnancy. Since pericardial effusion cannot be detected by clinical examination or ECG, echocardiography affords a safe and reliable diagnostic approach. PMID- 6529729 TI - Value of computed tomography in the diagnosis of intrapulmonary arteriovenous shunts. AB - A case of intrapulmonary arteriovenous malformations (AVMs), its diagnosis, and a literature review is presented. We consider the diagnosis of intrapulmonary AVMs by noninvasive methods, such as plain chest radiography, fluoroscopy, computed tomography (CT), and particularly dynamic CT imaging of the thorax. To determine hemodynamic factors, oxygen consumption, oxygen saturation and blood gas analyses of the central pulmonary circulation digital subtraction angiography as well as invasive pulmonary angiography are needed. PMID- 6529730 TI - Pulmonary artery aneurysm presenting as a peripheral coin lesion--the danger of needle biopsy. AB - A peripheral pulmonary artery aneurysm appeared as a solitary, smooth and discrete coin lesion in the lung. The aneurysm was surgically resected. Various etiologies possibly responsible for this entity are discussed. The complications of transthoracic needle aspiration biopsy are reviewed, with emphasis on the hazards of puncturing a vascular lesion, as well as suggested steps to avoid this complication. PMID- 6529732 TI - Periportal sinusoidal dilatation associated with pregnancy. AB - Periportal sinusoidal dilatation is an hepatic vascular lesion previously reported solely as a complication of oral contraceptive therapy. We report a case occurring during pregnancy and describe the angiographic appearance and pathologic findings. Peliosis hepatis is the main consideration in the differential diagnosis--the features distinguishing of these hepatic lesions are presented. PMID- 6529731 TI - Clinical and radiologic aspects of Buerger's disease. AB - Buerger's disease (BD) is an entity with distinct clinical and pathologic aspects, including etiologic factors, pathogenesis, histology, clinical presentation, course, and prognosis. Comprehensive angiographic studies support the definition of the disease's evolution, provide information about distribution patterns (i.e., bilateral, upper and lower extremities, involvement of trunk arteries), aid in choosing "hot spots" for biopsies, and determine preoperative technical considerations in selection of bypass surgery candidates. In a series of 44 patients with BD, we endeavored to record the frequency of distribution and progression of various stages of disease as well as document the angiographic signs that are commonly accepted as typical of or specific to BD. Characteristic angiographic patterns of the disease are: corkscrew-shaped collateral vessels, cutoff type vascular occlusions, vessels with smooth-lined lumina in non-involved arteries and discontinuous, segmental involvement of affected arteries and veins. Results of pharmacoangiographic functional studies of circulatory disorders appear to cast doubt on the supposed specificity of phenomena such as standing wave pattern and vasospasm in BD. PMID- 6529734 TI - Variation in origin of the posterior descending coronary artery. PMID- 6529733 TI - Computed tomographic diagnosis of superior mesenteric artery embolic thrombosis associated with renal and splenic infarction. AB - We describe a case of apparent embolic thrombosis of the superior mesenteric artery that on computed tomography (CT) was noted unexpectedly, making the diagnosis of ischemic bowel disease straightforward. It occurred together with the typical CT findings of renal and splenic infarction. This diagnosis was verified by angiography that provided more information and was confirmed at surgery. PMID- 6529735 TI - The segmental approach clarified. PMID- 6529736 TI - Effect of levan on tumorigenicity of cells from different murine tumors. PMID- 6529737 TI - Histochemical study of GABA-transaminase activity in the caudate-putamen nucleus of rat: statistical and cytophotometric investigation. PMID- 6529738 TI - Histochemical changes in protein-bound SH and SS groups in submandibular glands of gonadectomized and sex hormone treated mice. PMID- 6529739 TI - Neuronal increase in the trout (Salmo trutta fario) spinal cord during development. PMID- 6529740 TI - An electron microscopic histochemistry of the retinal response after injury. PMID- 6529741 TI - [Localization of prostaglandin dehydrogenase in human placenta and decidua]. PMID- 6529742 TI - Cellular origin of collagen and fibronectin in the liver. PMID- 6529743 TI - Polyacrylic membrane technique for the demonstration of enzymatic activity in cytological material--I. Alkaline phosphatase. PMID- 6529744 TI - Optimal age for vaccinating Zimbabwean children against measles. PMID- 6529745 TI - Reference values for liver function analytes in Zimbabwean males. PMID- 6529746 TI - The Miller-Fisher syndrome--a case report. PMID- 6529748 TI - Suicidal behaviour--some views of staff and students, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zimbabwe. PMID- 6529747 TI - Cervical ligation in the treatment of incompetent cervix in Nigerian women. PMID- 6529749 TI - The future development of blood transfusion in a Third World developing country. PMID- 6529750 TI - Aetiological factors of male infertility in Zimbabwe. PMID- 6529751 TI - Incidence of schistosomiasis in surgical biopsies: a review of 284 cases. PMID- 6529752 TI - Teaching an awareness of psychiatric morbidity in primary health care. PMID- 6529754 TI - Immunohistochemical appearance of calmodulin in the developing brain: a comparison with neuron specific enolase. AB - Calmodulin is a small, acidic, calcium-binding protein thought to regulate many cellular functions. In the brain of the adult mouse, calmodulin was found immunohistochemically to localize mainly in the neurons. In the developing brain, the immunoreactivity to anti-calmodulin antibody appeared early in the cells in the low brain stem but late in the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, and cerebellum, except for the deep cerebellar nuclei. The cells in the major proliferative layer present during early development, such as the matrix cells in the cerebral cortex and the cells in the external granular layer in the cerebellum, did not show the immunoreactivity. In the cerebral cortex, the migrating cells and the cells in the cortical plate were also negative while the deep cortical cells, which had probably settled in their final position, became positive. The comparison of these results with the immunohistochemical appearance of neuron specific enolase, a characteristic protein in the brain, suggested that calmodulin appeared with some maturation of the neurons as neuron specific enolase. PMID- 6529753 TI - Unscheduled DNA synthesis in cell lysate system reflecting DNA repair in vivo. AB - A cell lysate system by which DNA repair (unscheduled) synthesis induced by DNA damaging agents can be measured at high sensitivity as previously reported (9, 18) was characterized. Time-course experiments in which the in vivo incubation time with hydroxyurea and arabinofuranosyl cytosine after UV irradiation was changed suggested that the number of single strand gaps increased in the presence of these drugs. Alkaline sucrose density gradient analysis of prelabeled DNA revealed that the repair apparatus in the drug-treated cells was not irreversibly impaired. Product DNA in this lysate system was compared with that of an in vitro replication system on alkaline CsC1 equilibrium density gradient, and the results showed that DNA synthesis in the lysate system was "repair-type" synthesis. When the cells were labeled with 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdUrd) in vivo and then labeled with [3H] dTTP in vitro, the photolysis of BrdUrd-labeled DNA decreased the molecular weight, indicating that DNA synthesis in the cell lysate was a continuation of DNA repair in vivo. PMID- 6529755 TI - Protein synthesis in dorsal, ventral, animal and vegetal half-embryos of Xenopus laevis isolated at the 8-cell stage. AB - Dorsal, ventral, animal and vegetal half-embryos of Xenopus laevis were isolated at the 8-cell stage, and their synthesis of protein examined during 12 h of culture. The kinetics of the uptake and incorporation of [35S]-methionine did not differ greatly among the four kinds of half-embryos. Two-dimensional gel electrophoreses showed that there were no detectable differences in the pattern of protein synthesis for the four types of half-embryos, at least during the first 6 h of culture which covered the period from the cleavage to late blastula stage. The patterns, however, changed greatly, especially between those of the animal and vegetal half-embryos, during the latter 6 h of culture which covered the period from the early gastrula to early neurula stage. These results are evidence that equal qualitative and quantitative maternal mRNA-dependent protein synthesis takes place in the four types of embryonic regions, including the vegetal half-embryos, although later in the post-blastular stages, syntheses of region-specific proteins start that are dependent on new genome expression. PMID- 6529756 TI - Topology of asialoglycoprotein receptor in rat liver subcellular fractions: a ferritin immunoelectron microscopic study. AB - Direct ferritin immunoelectron microscopy was used to visualize the asialoglycoprotein receptor in various rat liver subcellular fractions. The cytoplasmic surfaces of cytoplasmic organelles such as the rough and smooth microsomes, Golgi cisternae and lysosomes showed hardly any ferritin label exception for the slight labeling of secretory granules found mainly in the light Golgi fraction (GF1). Occasionally, however, open membrane sheet structures, smooth vesicular or tubular structures heavily labeled with ferritin, were present in all these subcellular fractions. These structures probably correspond to fragmented sinusoidal or lateral hepatocyte plasma membranes recovered to these subcellular fractions. When the limiting membranes of the secretion granules were partially broken by mechanical force, a number of ferritin particles frequently were seen attached in large clusters to the luminal surface of the membrane, the cytoplasmic surface of the corresponding domain being slightly labeled. These observations are strong evidence that the receptor protein is never translocated vertically throughout the intracellular transport from ER to plasma membrane via Golgi apparatus and from plasma membrane back to trans-Golgi elements and also in lysosomes, always exposing the major antigenic sites to the luminal or extracellular surface and the minor counterparts to the cytoplasmic surface of the membranes. The receptor protein also is suggested to be concentrated in clusters on the luminal surface of secretion granules when they form on the trans-side of the Golgi apparatus. PMID- 6529757 TI - Changes in the cell membrane of erythrocytes in tumor-bearing rats. AB - Cell electrophoresis of erythrocytes taken from AH 7974 hepatoma-bearing rats showed a marked decrease in the surface negative charge, as represented by a decrease in cell mobility. This change in the erythrocyte membrane began during the stationary phase of growth of transplanted tumor cells and became more pronounced in the late phase, during which time a marked decrease in the amount of sialidase-sensitive sialic acid present in the plasma membrane also took place. The erythrocytes of AH 7974F-bearing rats (which died from tumor growth much earlier than the AH 7974-bearing rats) had a similar, but less marked, decrease in their electrophoretic mobility and in the amount of sialidase sensitive sialic acid present. These erythrocytes all had somewhat abnormal cell morphology, their shapes being slightly spherocytic. PMID- 6529758 TI - [Theoretical and laboratory requirements for clinical pharmacy positions]. PMID- 6529759 TI - [Comparison of the biological availability of levodopa in the preparations Dopaflex and Nakom in patients with parkinson disease]. PMID- 6529761 TI - [The pharmacy profession in our society. I. Problems with professional prestige and with the evaluation of opinions of students and graduates of pharmacy schools]. PMID- 6529760 TI - [Variations in the definition of clearance. I. Derivation of the exact formula for calculating clearance]. PMID- 6529762 TI - [The role of practical training in the education of students at a pharmacy school]. PMID- 6529763 TI - [A survey of the use of professional literature in pharmaceutical workplaces]. PMID- 6529764 TI - [International views on education and perspectives for its development at the Charles University Pharmacy School]. PMID- 6529765 TI - [Spectrophotometric determination of heparin composition]. PMID- 6529766 TI - [Comparison of the binding of nitrazepam and diazepam to erythrocytes in selected mammalian species]. PMID- 6529767 TI - [Antiarrhythmic effects of VULM 411 in models of experimental arrhythmias]. PMID- 6529768 TI - [Preparation of 4-anilino-1,3-dimethyl-1H-pyrazolo(3,4-b)-quinolines with antiviral action]. PMID- 6529769 TI - [Use of antipyrine as a drug model in clinical practice]. PMID- 6529770 TI - In vivo study of xibornol on phagocyte functions. AB - Polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PML) represent the first step of defense against bacteria and fungi. Since many antimicrobial drugs have been reported to inhibit phagocyte function, we tested the interference of xibornol, a new antimicrobial agent, on phagocyte functions, in order to evaluate its possible use in chronic respiratory diseases. In the patients treated with xibornol (500 mg every 8 h for 7 days) we did not find any modification in phagocytosis frequency (PMF), phagocytosis index (PHI), nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT), reduction frequency (NRF), microbicidal activity and neutrophil mobility of PML, before, during and after the end of therapy. PMID- 6529771 TI - In vitro antibacterial activity of thiamphenicol. AB - This in vitro study of thiamphenicol activity against 247 strains of Gram positive and 195 strains of Gram-negative pathogenic bacteria showed no significant changes from past activity. Of the 442 strains involved, thiamphenicol proved: - Effective (MIC = less than or equal to 0.5-4 micrograms/ml) against 131 strains, mostly streptococci, pneumococci and enterococci. - Moderately effective (MIC = 8-64 micrograms/ml) against 252 strains, mostly staphylococci, Salmonella, Citrobacter, K. pneumoniae, Enterobacter, E. coli and Proteus. - Ineffective (MIC = 64 micrograms/ml) against 59 strains, mostly Proteus, E. coli and K. pneumoniae. Against 23 strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae, thiamphenicol generally proved as effective as penicillin G and cefuroxime and more effective than spectinomycin. PMID- 6529772 TI - In vitro activity of ciprofloxacin against Chlamydia trachomatis and Ureaplasma urealyticum. AB - The in vitro activity of ciprofloxacin against 5 strains of Chlamydia trachomatis and 5 strains of Ureaplasma urealyticum was tested. Both C. trachomatis and U. urealyticum showed a certain degree of variability in their susceptibility to the drug. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of ciprofloxacin against C. trachomatis was 1 micrograms/ml, whereas the minimum bactericidal concentration was greater than or equal to 10 micrograms/ml. The MIC of ciprofloxacin against U. urealyticum was 1 micrograms/ml for 3 strains and higher than 10 micrograms/ml for two strains. PMID- 6529773 TI - Synergic activity of beta-lactamines and aminoglycosides vs. bacterial strains treated with sub-MIC concentrations. AB - The aim of the present paper was to evaluate the interaction between beta lactamines and aminoglycosides against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria previously treated with sub-inhibitory doses of each antibiotic in the combination. Bacterial strains were: S. aureus ATTC 25923, S. mitis NCTC 3165, E. coli ATTC 25922, P. vulgaris ATTC 13315. Antibiotics used were penicillin G and gentamicin. The most synergistic combination was the ratio of 4 (penicillin G) to 1 (gentamicin) before and after sub-MIC treatment with penicillin. PMID- 6529774 TI - Antibiotic therapy in biliary tract infections: clinical experiences with mezlocillin. AB - Mezlocillin is a new acyl-ureido-penicillin with a broad spectrum of action, particularly directed against Gram-negative bacteria, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The therapeutic efficacy of this new antibiotic was assayed in 20 patients affected by serious biliary tract infections. Complete recovery was reached in 80% of the patients. Such a recovery rate is very high, considering the type of infectious pathology. Furthermore, the pharmacokinetics of mezlocillin was followed in the bile, as well as in the wall of the gallbladder, in gall-stones and in serum after single or repeated administration of the drug; the results favored the therapeutic use of mezlocillin. It is concluded that mezlocillin is a first choice antibiotic in the treatment of biliary tract infections. PMID- 6529775 TI - In vitro and in vivo interactions of recent cephalosporins with gentamicin and amikacin. AB - The in vivo interactions of the aminoglycosides gentamicin and amikacin with the newer cephalosporins cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, ceftazidime and moxalactam were studied in 48 volunteers (28 males, 20 females, median age 54) who consented to participate in the trial. Patients were divided in eight groups according to all possible aminoglycoside/cephalosporin combinations. The in vivo trial was developed in two phases: aminoglycoside alone vs. aminoglycoside/cephalosporin. Each patient served as his own control. The differences in the aminoglycoside blood levels between the two phases were not statistically significant, except at the first post-dose hour in the gentamicin-ceftriaxone combination and at the first and sixth post-dose hours in the amikacin-moxalactam combinations. The in vitro interactions of the same combinations were partly correlated with the in vivo findings. PMID- 6529776 TI - Double-blind investigation of R-42470 (terconazole cream 0.4%) and clotrimazole (cream 1%) for the topical treatment of mycotic vaginitis. AB - A total of 78 patients took part in a double-blind randomized comparison of the efficacy, acceptability and tolerance of a new antifungal terconazole (R-42470) (cream 0.4%) with the well established and clinically effective clotrimazole (cream 1%) for the topical treatment of mycotic vaginitis. Five grams of cream were applied to the vagina for 7 consecutive days. Twenty non-pregnant and 19 pregnant patients were included in each group. Clinical and mycological controls were carried out one week and one month after completion of therapy and 89.7% of the patients treated with terconazole responded to therapy and 82.1% patients treated with clotrimazole were cured. Statistical analysis showed no significant difference when the results of the terconazole treated patients and the clotrimazole group were compared. PMID- 6529777 TI - Increased immunogenicity of murine lymphoma cells following exposure to gamma rays in vivo. AB - Studies performed in our laboratory showed that a marked increase in immunogenicity occurred in murine lymphoma cells exposed to a mutagenic compound such as 5 (3,3'-dimethyl-1-triazeno)-imidazole-4-carboxamide (DTIC in vivo or in vitro. Subsequently, further experiments were conducted to test whether ionizing radiations would be able to affect the immunogenic properties of cancer cells in a mouse leukemia model. Male CD2F1 mice were inoculated with histocompatible L1210 Ha leukemia and treated with 400 R of total-body irradiation. A number of transplant generations were carried out with leukemic cells collected from irradiated donors, thus generating a "radiation treated line" (RTL). The immunogenicity of RTL cells increased significantly with respect to that of L1210 Ha line as early as 3 passages in vivo. However, no strong transplantation antigens comparable to those elicited by treatment with DTIC were found in RTL cells, even after a number of transplant generations. Combined effects of bis chloroethyl-nitrosourea and weak anti-RTL responses of the host were markedly synergistic. Moreover, RTL lymphoma acquired strong immunogenic properties after a single cycle of DTIC treatment in vivo. These results may provide a model for exploiting radiation-induced increase of tumor cell immunogenicity for combined radio-immunochemotherapy. PMID- 6529778 TI - In vitro activity of rifaximin and rifampicin against some anaerobic bacteria. AB - Activity of rifampicin and of a new rifamycin, rifaximin, was tested in strains of anaerobic bacteria belonging to the Bacteroides genus (75 B. fragilis group and 17 Bacteroides non-fragilis group) and in Clostridium perfringens (15 strains). It turned out that the bactericidal activity of both rifamycins could be overlapped and that it equalled 100% in the case of the non-fragilis Bacteroides and Clostridium species. PMID- 6529779 TI - Rifaximin (L/105), a new topical intestinal antibiotic: pharmacokinetic study after single oral administration of 3H-rifaximin to rats. AB - Tritiated rifaximin was administered in a single oral dose of 10 mg/kg (specific activity 8.998 microCi/mg) and 100 mg/kg (specific activity 0.786 microCi/mg) to rats. After treatment, at fixed times, the animals were sacrificed and the radioactivity in plasma, urine, feces, and in the principal organs and tissues was measured. The radioactivity present in the feces of the two groups of rats was more than 95% of the administered dose, while the amounts found in the urine ranged between 1.15% and 1.5% of the dose. In the plasma and tissues the radioactivity levels were very low. This evidence confirmed the scanty gastroenteric absorption of L/105. Furthermore, as the radioactivity levels maintained almost the same value during the trial, there was the possibility that the amounts found were in part due to isotopic exchange between tritium of 3H L/105 and hydrogen of water. PMID- 6529780 TI - Preclinical comparative evaluation of aminoglycosides. AB - Five aminoglycoside antibiotics including gentamicin, sisomicin, tobramycin, amikacin and netilmicin were comparatively tested in vitro against 283 clinical isolates of Pseudomonas, Enterobacteriaceae and Gram-positive cocci, using the agar dilution technique according to I.C.S. recommendations. In respect to potency by weight, netilmicin proved the most active aminoglycoside against E. coli, K. pneumoniae, Enterobacter, Serratia spp. and Staphylococcus aureus, followed by sisomicin or tobramycin in relation to various bacterial species. Against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, sisomicin and tobramycin had the lowest MICs (minimum inhibitory concentrations). Amikacin had overall less activity but the widest spectrum. Rate of killing curves showed few differences among the aminoglycosides tested. Against gentamicin-resistant strains (MIC greater than or equal to 16 micrograms/ml) the activity of netilmicin was comparable to or higher than that of amikacin, except for P. aeruginosa, P. cepacia and indole-positive Proteus, which were inhibited by amikacin only. Netilmicin also showed the highest "therapeutical index" calculated as the ratio between MIC and blood levels for each aminoglycoside against each most important bacterial specie. PMID- 6529781 TI - The pharmacology of clavulanic acid and ticarcillin combined. AB - The pharmacokinetics of ticarcillin and clavulanic acid were studied in normal volunteers. Ticarcillin at 50 mg/kg was combined with clavulanic acid at 1.7 and 3.4 mg/kg and infused over 30 minutes. Peak serum levels of ticarcillin were 325 micrograms/ml and its pharmacokinetic parameters were similar when combined with either dose of clavulanic acid. Peak serum levels of clavulanic acid were 8 micrograms/ml for 1.7 mg/kg and 15.8 micrograms/ml for 3.4 mg/kg. Serum concentrations of clavulanic acid were greater than or equal to 1 microgram/ml for 2 h with the 1.7 mg/kg dose and for 3 h with the 3.4 mg/kg dose. Serum half lives of ticarcillin and clavulanic acid were similar, 1.2 hours. Urinary concentrations of ticarcillin exceeded 100 micrograms/ml and clavulanic acid concentrations exceeded 1 microgram/ml for 6 h. The serum and urine levels were such that many beta-lactamase producing organisms would be inhibited by this combination. PMID- 6529782 TI - Cross allergenicity between penicillins and cephalosporins. AB - Twenty patients excluded from pre-marketing trials of cephalosporin antibiotics as chemoprophylaxis for open heart surgery were enrolled in an evaluation of skin test reactivity. All gave a history of type I hypersensitivity to penicillins. None knew of adverse reactions to cephalosporins. Eighteen were negative to testing with saline, cefazolin, ceftriaxone, penicillin G and benzyl-penicilloyl. Two patients with positive skin tests safely received vancomycin chemoprophylaxis. We conclude that most patients who give a positive allergic history but have negative skin tests can safely receive cephalosporin chemoprophylaxis. PMID- 6529783 TI - Serum cystyl amino peptidase activity in pregnancy. PMID- 6529784 TI - Serum magnesium levels in diabetes mellitus. PMID- 6529785 TI - Dislocation of temporomandibular joints resulting from thiethylperazine maleate therapy. PMID- 6529786 TI - Perthes' disease in Kurunegala. PMID- 6529787 TI - Smoking and health in Finland--lessons from a comprehensive programme based on legislative measures. PMID- 6529788 TI - A new approach to the femoral artery. PMID- 6529789 TI - Kinetic studies on pancreatic lipase activity in micellar systems. III. Effect of micellar size. PMID- 6529790 TI - Theoretical study on asymmetric membrane potential. PMID- 6529791 TI - New synthesis of pyrrolo-1,4-benzodiazepines by utilizing palladium-catalyzed carbonylation. PMID- 6529792 TI - Synthesis and biological activity of (22E,24R)- and (22E,24S)-1 alpha,24 dihydroxy-22-dehydrovitamin D3. PMID- 6529793 TI - Multifunctional cross-linking reagents. I. Synthesis and properties of novel photoactivable, thiol-directed fluorescent reagents. PMID- 6529794 TI - Dehydrooligopeptides. V. Synthesis of N-carboxy alpha-dehydroamino acid anhydrides and their transformation to alpha-dehydroamino acid and dehydrooligopeptide derivatives. PMID- 6529795 TI - Synthesis and structure-activity study of protease inhibitors. II. Amino- and guanidino-substituted naphthoates and tetrahydronaphthoates. PMID- 6529796 TI - Antivertigo agents. IV. Synthesis and antivertigo activity of 6-[omega-(4-aryl-1 piperazinyl)alkyl]-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-1,6-naphth yridines. PMID- 6529797 TI - Determination of glucocorticoids by liquid chromatography. III. Application to ointments and a cream containing cortisone acetate, dexamethasone acetate, fluorometholone, and betamethasone valerate. PMID- 6529798 TI - Sensitive fluorimetric assay for human thyroid peroxidase using p-cresol as a substrate. PMID- 6529799 TI - A new method for assay of ferroxidase activity and its application to human and rabbit sera. PMID- 6529800 TI - Purification of chicken liver ribonucleases by affinity chromatography with UMP Sepharose (nucleosides and nucleotides. LII). PMID- 6529801 TI - Physicochemical properties of crystalline lactose. II. Effect of crystallinity on mechanical and structural properties. PMID- 6529803 TI - In vitro adsorption characteristics of bile salt anions by activated carbon beads for oral administration. PMID- 6529802 TI - Evaluation of isonicotinoyl-gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and nicotinoyl-GABA as pro-drugs of GABA. PMID- 6529804 TI - Studies on hypolipidemic agents. III. Comparison of the hypolipidemic properties of 5-tridecylpyrazole-3-carboxylic acid and clofibrate. PMID- 6529806 TI - Radioimmunoassay for N alpha-(N-acetylmuramyl-alanyl-D-isoglutaminyl)-N epsilon stearyl-lysine. PMID- 6529805 TI - Species, strain, sex and weekly age differences of lipid peroxide levels in animal tissues before and after adriamycin administration. PMID- 6529807 TI - Particle size dependency of dissolution rate and human bioavailability of phenytoin in powders and phenytoin-polyethylene glycol solid dispersions. PMID- 6529808 TI - Amino acids and peptides. IV. Synthesis and analgesic effects of Tyr-containing dipeptide phenethylamides. PMID- 6529809 TI - Determination of proteins by using the color reaction with pyrocatechol violet molybdenum(VI) complex. PMID- 6529810 TI - Mitogenicity and adjuvanticity of lipopolysaccharide from a marine bacterium, Vibrio anguillarum, in mice. PMID- 6529811 TI - New polymorphic forms of phenobarbital. PMID- 6529812 TI - Influence of administration routes of sodium ampicillin on the cecal flora in rats: role of biliary excretion. PMID- 6529814 TI - Metabolism of furazolidone in eels. PMID- 6529813 TI - Inclusion complexes of cinnarizine with beta-cyclodextrin in aqueous solution and in the solid state. PMID- 6529815 TI - Syntheses and antimicrobial activities of 3-acyltetramic acid derivatives. PMID- 6529816 TI - Pluronic F-127 gels as a vehicle for topical administration of anticancer agents. PMID- 6529817 TI - Chemical structure of a new metabolite isolated from the mycelium of Aspergillus terreus var. aureus. PMID- 6529818 TI - [Our experience with a new anterior chamber implant]. PMID- 6529819 TI - [Treatment of filamentous keratitis with hypertonic sodium chloride]. PMID- 6529820 TI - [Monoclonal antibodies: value for biological diagnosis in ophthalmology]. PMID- 6529821 TI - [Our experience with a new anterior chamber implant]. PMID- 6529822 TI - [Orbital localization of hydatid cyst (10 cases). X-ray computed tomography]. PMID- 6529823 TI - [A case of Steinert's disease associated with Barlow's disease]. PMID- 6529824 TI - [Characteristics of the diagnosis and treatment of eyelid epitheliomas]. PMID- 6529825 TI - [Treatment of palpebral epithelioma by interstitial radiotherapy]. PMID- 6529826 TI - [Orbitopalpebral rhabdomyosarcoma in a 17-year-old adolescent]. PMID- 6529827 TI - [A case of total reconstruction of the lower eyelid after tumor excision]. PMID- 6529828 TI - [Colobomatous microphthalmos with cyst and 4 P- syndrome]. PMID- 6529829 TI - [New data on the epidemiology of the exfoliative syndrome in western Brittany]. PMID- 6529830 TI - [Another technic of trabeculoplasty with argon laser in the treatment of primary open-angle glaucoma]. PMID- 6529831 TI - [Harada's disease. Apropos of 2 cases]. PMID- 6529832 TI - [Zinc and optic neuropathies: new prospects]. PMID- 6529833 TI - [Unusual development of disciform degeneration with choroid hematoma]. PMID- 6529834 TI - [Richner-Hanart syndrome without skin involvement]. PMID- 6529835 TI - [Toxic maculopathy caused by abuse of hydroxyquinoline derivatives? Apropos of a case]. PMID- 6529836 TI - [Immunological corneal ulcers in rheumatoid polyarthritis: clinical and therapeutic considerations apropos of a case]. PMID- 6529837 TI - [Problems posed by secondary detachment of the posterior hyaloid after vitrectomy and by its secondary retraction following injection of intraocular silicone]. PMID- 6529838 TI - [Pulfrich's stereo phenomenon: physiological bases]. PMID- 6529839 TI - [Spontaneous corneal perforation in rheumatoid polyarthritis. Presentation of 2 cases]. PMID- 6529840 TI - [Treatment of retinal detachment by silicone implant and banding. First results in 199 records analyzed by computer]. PMID- 6529841 TI - [ERG recorded by palpebral electrodes]. PMID- 6529842 TI - [Can anything be done for congenital nystagmus?]. PMID- 6529843 TI - [Cultures of endothelial cells from human cornea--growth factors. Preliminary note]. PMID- 6529845 TI - [The Bonnet-Blanc-Dechaume syndrome. Apropos of a case associating retino encephalic cirsoid aneurysm and nasopalatine angioma]. PMID- 6529844 TI - [Monochromatic green argon laser. Evaluation after 2 years' comparative study]. PMID- 6529846 TI - [Diabetic retinopathy and severe myopia]. PMID- 6529847 TI - [Anterior chamber implants with flexible supports. General and particular principles]. PMID- 6529848 TI - [Myasthenic syndrome induced by chloroquine poisoning: an unusual clinical form confirmed by ocular involvement]. PMID- 6529849 TI - [Medical treatment of strabismic amblyopia]. PMID- 6529850 TI - [Diabetic retinopathy and Cushing's disease. Apropos of a clinical case]. PMID- 6529851 TI - Assessment of the 'mucus-bicarbonate' barrier in the stomach of patients with chronic gastric disorders. AB - The composition of gastric mucus and the amount of gastric bicarbonate secretion have been investigated in 26 subjects including healthy controls, duodenal ulcer patients and subjects with chronic gastric disorders (benign gastric ulcer or chronic superficial gastritis). Qualitative changes in gastric mucus (expressed as a reduction in the values of 'mucoprotective index') were found in the gastric ulcer group, but not in patients with chronic superficial gastritis. Basal bicarbonate secretion was significantly reduced (p less than 0.01) in subjects with gastric ulcer and chronic gastritis, compared with healthy controls. Mucus secretion and bicarbonate production proved to be normal in duodenal ulcer patients. Our results support the concept that impairment of the 'mucus bicarbonate' barrier is an important pathogenetic factor in gastric ulcer and chronic gastritis. PMID- 6529852 TI - Cholesteryl esters in human gallbladder bile and mucosa. AB - Cholesteryl esters, identified by thin-layer and gas-liquid chromatography followed by mass spectroscopy in a few cases, were found in all human bile samples analysed. The amount varied extensively both in absolute concentration and when expressed as a percentage of the total cholesterol present. In about 30% of samples, the percentage of ester exceeded 4% of total cholesterol but there was no clear association with the presence of cholesterol gallstones or pigment stones, nor was there any association with the lithogenicity of bile. PMID- 6529853 TI - Oxalate-loading tests to screen for steatorrhoea: an appraisal. AB - We have evaluated two procedures as screening tests for steatorrhoea: firstly, a simplified, two-day, oxalate-loading test and secondly the rate of urinary oxalate excretion following a single oral dose of oxalate. Following two-day oxalate loading there was almost complete overlap of the values for 24-h urinary oxalate between 15 apparently healthy volunteers and 10 patients with steatorrhoea. The rate of oxalate excretion following a single dose of oxalate was increased in one patient with Crohn's disease and ileal resection who had normal faecal fat excretion, but three patients with steatorrhoea due to other causes had normal rates of excretion. We conclude that these oxalate-loading tests are not a useful alternative to faecal fat estimation in patients with suspected malabsorption. PMID- 6529854 TI - A simple and rapid microdiffusion method for blood ammonia using a reflectance meter and a reagent plate, and its clinical evaluation for liver diseases. AB - A simple and rapid procedure using 20 microliters of whole blood is described for estimating blood ammonia by means of a reflectance meter using a reagent plate, which operates by the principle of microdiffusion. The most suitable condition for microdiffusion was at 37 degrees C for 15 min, in which the standard curve was linear, and reproducibility and recovery were sastisfactory. Blood ammonia levels by this method correlate significantly with the values by an ion exchange method in 72 patients with liver disease (r = + 0.970, y = 1.13x - 11). The method has a distinct advantage in sensitivity, simplicity, and rapidity for blood ammonia determination. PMID- 6529855 TI - The plasma and erythrocyte fatty acid composition of poorly controlled, insulin dependent (type I) diabetic patients and the effect of improved metabolic control. AB - Analysis of the plasma and erythrocyte fatty acid composition of poorly controlled, insulin-dependent (type I) diabetic patients revealed a low level of 18:3c, omega 6, 20:3c, omega 6, 22:6c, omega 3 and total polyunsaturated fatty acids, and a high level of 18:0 and total saturated fatty acids. Improvement of diabetic control, achieved by treatment with continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion coincided with an increase of arachidonic acid and a normalization of total polyunsaturated fatty acids, with a concomitant decrease of total saturated fatty acids and total monounsaturated fatty acids, especially 18:1c, omega 9. The results of this study can be important for the dietary advice to poorly controlled, diabetic patients. PMID- 6529856 TI - Measurement and characterisation of human cholecystokinin-like immunoreactivity (CCK-LI) in tissues by radioimmunoassay. AB - Two radioimmunoassays specific for cholecystokinin-like immunoreactivity (CCK-LI) in human tissue are described. The first assay employed an antiserum (Z-69) directed to the sulphated tyrosine at the C-terminal end of CCK-33 and measured all biologically active molecular forms of CCK except the controversial C terminal tetrapeptide amide (CCK4). The sensitivity of this assay was 0.6 pmol/g. A second assay (employing antiserum Z-91) measured CCK-LI forms larger than the octapeptide and had a sensitivity of 0.2 pmol/g. Both assays were characterised with endogenous human peptides. Acid (pH 2.5) and neutral extracts (pH 6.5) of human intestine and brain were assessed for CCK-LI concentrations and gel chromatography performed in the presence of 6 mol/l urea to elucidate the various molecular forms. Human cerebral cortex CCK-LI was almost all sulphated CCK-8, but large molecular mass forms were present, particularly in acid extracts, forming about 10% of the whole. Human duodenum and jejunum contained approximately equal amounts of large CCK, CCK 33/39 and of CCK-8. Both intestine and brain possess not yet isolated sulphated molecular forms which eluted between the pure CCK-8 and CCK-33/39 standards. The results obtained from this study indicate that the biosynthesis of CCK in human brain and gut is quantitatively different. PMID- 6529857 TI - Reference sera with graded levels of high density lipoprotein cholesterol. AB - A two-step procedure for the separation of low density lipoprotein (LDL)-rich fractions and high density lipoprotein (HDL)-rich fractions from human serum is presented. The isolated precipitates are combined separately with small volumes of human serum in order to stabilize the lipoproteins. Calculated volumes of concentrates are added to human serum or to delipidated human serum [1], so that reference sera with graded levels of high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC) can be prepared. These reference sera resemble human serum in appearance, composition and fractionation by ultracentrifugation. Our evaluations of the materials described in this communication have shown them to be suitable for HDLC determinations, using the precipitation procedure with heparin-manganese chloride. Properties of these reference materials are discussed. PMID- 6529858 TI - A simplified procedure for estimation of lipid phosphorus in erythrocyte membranes. PMID- 6529860 TI - A simple enzymatic determination of urinary sialic acid--its significance in the diagnosis of disorders of sialic acid metabolism. PMID- 6529859 TI - Measurement of iron in liver biopsies--a comparison of three analytical methods. PMID- 6529861 TI - Determination of serum ethylene glycol by capillary gas chromatography. PMID- 6529862 TI - Determination of serum paraquat by XAD-2 resin. PMID- 6529863 TI - Non-protein bound zinc concentration in human plasma and amniotic fluid measured by ultrafiltration. AB - Using an ultrafiltration technique, apparent non-protein bound (NPB) zinc concentrations in plasma were found to be 2.2 +/- 0.2 (SEM) microgram Zn/l (10 observations) in normal males, 1.6 +/- 0.3 (10) micrograms/l in normal females and 1.2 +/- 0.2 (10) micrograms/l in pregnant mothers during their 16th week of gestation. These values are about 0.2% of the total plasma zinc concentrations, at least five-fold less than previous estimates. In amniotic fluid, the NPB-zinc concentration was 12.6 +/- 0.4 (10) micrograms/l, 5-10 times that of normal plasma, though the total zinc concentration (100 +/- 30 micrograms/l) was only one tenth that of plasma. When plasma or amniotic fluid samples were ultrafiltered without precaution against CO2 loss, their NPB-zinc concentrations increased, suggesting that pH changes alter zinc binding. The low concentration of NPB-zinc in plasma explains the low urinary excretion of zinc observed by others and would be expected to restrict the entry of zinc into cells. PMID- 6529864 TI - External quality assessment of laboratory performance in haematology in Belgium: analysis of two and a half years' experience. AB - In Belgium, external quality assessment of health laboratories is organised according to the directives of the government. The programme in the discipline haematology, as conceived by our laboratory, has now been carried out for about two and a half years. The results obtained in the different surveys are reported. A few general conclusions on the state of the art of laboratory performance in routine haematological tests are drawn from these experimental data. PMID- 6529865 TI - Evaluation and treatment of fetal arrhythmias. AB - In a series of 31 cases referred for the evaluation of fetal arrhythmia, it was possible to identify the rhythm disturbance correctly using M-mode echocardiography. Cross-sectional echocardiography delineated structural abnormality where it occurred in association with an arrhythmia. Fifteen cases had premature atrial or ventricular contractions occurring in structurally normal hearts. These were not associated with perinatal mortality or morbidity in our series. Nine cases had complete heart block, three of which had structural cardiac anomalies. Seven cases were of atrial tachycardia, six were treated prenatally, one was delivered prematurely. Correct identification of an arrhythmia and appropriate prenatal therapy where indicated, was found to prevent unnecessary operative or premature deliveries. PMID- 6529866 TI - Verapamil in chronic atrial fibrillation: variable patterns of response in ventricular rate. AB - We determined the effects of single intravenous (10 mg) and oral (80, 160 mg) doses of verapamil in 8 digitalized patients with chronic atrial fibrillation. The time course of drug effect was analyzed with computer assistance by considering several measures in atrial fibrillation, including average R-R interval (ARR), shortest R-R interval (SRR), longest R-R interval (LRR), and variability of R-R intervals. Peak plasma concentrations of verapamil were observed immediately after intravenous verapamil (mean elimination half-life of 3.3 h) and 1 hour after oral verapamil (mean elimination half-life 3.4 h, 80 mg; 3.1 h, 160 mg). In contrast to previous studies, we observed the maximum bradycardic effect of intravenous verapamil to occur at one-half to 1 h, and this effect lasted for 2-4 h. Following oral verapamil the peak effect occurred at 3-4 h and lasted for 5-8 h. Analysis of the time course of changes in APR, SRR, LRR, and variability of R-R revealed two distinct "patterns" of ventricular response. In one group (4 of 8 patients), verapamil caused an increase in SRR but a decrease in LRR. R-R intervals "regularized" in this group. In the remaining patients, verapamil increased the SRR but did not change or increase the LRR. This enhanced the observed increase in ARR intervals. We postulate that the decrease in LRR intervals after verapamil is due to reflex adrenergic discharge as a result of the vasodilator effect of the drug while the increase in SRR is a direct effect. These two opposing effects result in regularization of R-R intervals in many patients. Patients demonstrating an increase in LRR intervals after verapamil may not get reflex adrenergic discharge or may be incapable of responding to the latter due to conduction disease; these patients may experience bradycardic complications after verapamil. PMID- 6529868 TI - Criss-cross heart with straddling right atrioventricular valve. AB - Angiocardiographic appearance of a criss-cross heart with straddling tricuspid valve has been presented. Atrial situs was normal and the right atrium was connected to the morphological right ventricle situated superiorly and to the left of the left ventricle. The left atrium was connected to the morphological left ventricle situated inferiorly and to the right of the right ventricle. The interventricular septum was horizontal in position. Both great arteries arose from the right ventricle with the anterior aorta. The case was concluded as a criss-cross heart with concordant atrioventricular (A-V) connection and double outlet right ventricle (DORV). Straddling of the right A-V valve was recognized in another institution by two-dimensional (2-D) echocardiography and confirmed by right atrial angiography in our institution. The value of combined investigation with selective four-chamber angiography, especially including right atrial angiography and 2-D echocardiography in the diagnosis of such complex cardiac anomalies has been stressed. PMID- 6529869 TI - Cardiac rhythm disorders complicating coronary arterial spasm. AB - Practically every known form of arrhythmia may complicate vasospastic ischemia. Of special importance are sinus node arrest and ventricular fibrillation. The high incidence of arrhythmia in this syndrome may be related to the usually severe profound ischemia or to the sudden massive reperfusion; both can frequently characterize transient severe segmental spasm of an artery without pre existing stenosis. Nitrates and calcium channel blockers may be effective in the control of vasospasm-induced arrhythmia, but other traditional antiarrhythmic agents and pacemaker treatment may be required in some patients. PMID- 6529867 TI - Angina pectoris with angiographically normal coronary arteries: a clinical, hemodynamic, and metabolic study. AB - Seventy-six patients with anginalike chest pain (ALCP) and angiographically normal coronary arteries (NCA) had a study of the myocardial metabolism at rest and during maximal atrial pacing. The results were compared with pain characteristics, electrocardiogram, left ventricular, and coronary hemodynamic data. Coronary blood flow (CBF) was measured by continuous thermodilution. At maximal paced heart rate, the study of the myocardial metabolism distinguished two groups: (1) a first group of 50 patients whose lactate extraction coefficient was equal to or exceeded 9% and was considered as normal (Gr. I, K greater than or equal to 9%); (2) a second group of 26 patients whose lactate extraction coefficient was below 9% (Gr. II, K less than 9%), significant of myocardial ischemia. In group I (K greater than or equal to 9%), chest pain was usually atypical (typical in only 25% of cases) and rapid atrial pacing most often caused neither pain nor ECG changes. The hemodynamic and angiographic study showed minor alterations of the left ventricular cavity in 50% of cases. In group II (K less than 9%), chest pain was typical in 50% of the patients and maximal atrial pacing most often caused chest pain (85%) and ST-segment depression (80%). In almost every case, the left ventricular and the coronary angiograms were normal. Only in this group, which had clinical, electrical, and metabolic signs of myocardial ischemia, could the diagnosis of angina pectoris with angiographically normal coronary arteries be upheld.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6529870 TI - The evaluation of pain. PMID- 6529871 TI - The development of polymyositis in a patient with toxoplasmosis: clinical and pathologic findings and review of literature. AB - A 58 year old female was evaluated for fever, rash, myalgias, muscle weakness and cervical lymphadenopathy. She was found to have myositis on muscle biopsy, toxoplasmic lymphadenitis on lymph node biopsy, and markedly elevated IgM and IgG antibody titers to Toxoplasma gondii. The patient was treated with prednisone and a 2 month course of sulfadiazine and pyrimethamine. The patient improved over the next six months and has been followed for approximately a five year period. During this time, antibody levels to the toxoplasma antigen have significantly decreased but the patient has developed a chronic myositis indistinguishable from polymyositis. PMID- 6529873 TI - Nailfold capillary microscopy: a new technique for finger systolic pressure measurement. AB - To assess the value of nailfold capillary microscopy (N.C.M.) for measuring finger systolic pressure (F.S.P.), 25 patients were studied by N.C.M. and plethysmography. Twelve of them presented Raynaud's phenomenon. The results revealed that N.C.M. can be correlated with plethysmography for measuring F.S.P. Therefore, N.C.M. with F.S.P. measurement is a practical, inexpensive method, and provides an additional microvascular diagnostic evaluation. PMID- 6529872 TI - Microvascular changes in progressive systemic sclerosis: immunohistochemical and ultrastructural study. AB - Fifteen patients affected by Progressive Systemic Sclerosis have been studied. With immunofluorescence, specific antibodies against collagen type IV and laminin clearly outlined the microvessels, while endothelial cells showed a brilliant heavy fluorescence for vimentin antibodies. In the deep dermis, fibronectin proved to have increased. At electron microscopy, microvessels appeared with occluded lumina due to the presence of swollen endothelial cells. Endothelial cytoplasm was filled with intermediate filaments (vimentin type), generally condensed into peripherally located bundles or in perinuclear rings. The perivascular basal lamina was thickened and laminated. Although these changes do not demonstrate a specific pattern, representing a common step in several connective tissue disorders, the data tend to confirm a clear involvement of the microvasculature in Progressive Systemic Sclerosis. PMID- 6529874 TI - IgA-containing immune complexes in patients with psoriatic arthritis. AB - Using a sensitive, specific Raji cell radioimmunoassay we have analyzed the sera of 35 patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA) for IgA-containing circulating immune complexes. In addition, the 125I-Clq binding assay and the Raji IgG radio immunoassay were used to measure IgG or IgM containing circulating immune complexes. Twenty-eight of thirty five (80%) patients with PsA were found to have IgA-containing circulating immune complexes. In contrast, only 13 of 35 (37%) had IgG-containing circulating immune complexes detected using the Raji IgG assay and 10 of 33 (33%) had IgG- or IgM-containing immune complexes detected using the 125I-Clq binding assay. There was no significant difference in the frequency, level, or type of immune complexes detected in any of the clinical subtypes. There was however a significant correlation between the level of IgA-containing circulating immune complexes and the severity of the arthritis as determined by linear regression analysis (p less than 0.05). The finding of IgA-containing circulating immune complexes in 80% of patients with psoriatic arthritis as well as the significantly higher levels of these complexes in the patients with more severe arthritis suggests that IgA-containing circulating immune complexes may play a role in the pathogenesis of psoriatic arthritis. PMID- 6529875 TI - Problems associated with pain measurement in arthritis: comparison of the visual analogue and verbal rating scales. AB - Thirty-seven arthritis patients participating in a drug withdrawal trial, simultaneously completed a 20-point visual analogue scale and 7-point verbal rating scale for pain severity while on active medication and 48 hours following its withdrawal. The relationship between the two scales could be better approximated by a curve than a straight line, and further interpretation suggested that the relationship might be sigmoidal. This indicates that only the middle of the scales are linearly related with a lack of agreement occurring towards the upper and lower ends. Although the visual analogue scale proved superior to the verbal rating scale in its ability to detect changes in pain, until more is known about factors which influence subjective magnitude estimation, this conclusion must remain tentative. The implications of the findings to pain measurement are discussed. PMID- 6529876 TI - Serum isoamylases in patients with autoimmune rheumatic diseases. AB - We studied sera of 107 patients with autoimmune rheumatic diseases (46 with classical rheumatoid arthritis (RA), 36 with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and 25 with primary Sjogren's syndrome (SS). None of these patients had abdominal pain or gastrointestinal symptoms at the time of blood collection. We used as controls 81 normal age and sex matched volunteers. The presence of hyperamylasemia i) of P-type in 6 of 46 patients (13%) with RA and ii) of P-type and S-type in 11 of 36 patients (30.5%) with SLE and 6 of the 25 patients (24%) with primary SS suggests that asymptomatic pancreatic damage in autoimmune rheumatic diseases may occur frequently especially in patients with SLE. We conclude that the hyperamylasemia in these patients probably reflects a slow, subclinical, inflammatory process of the exocrine glands. PMID- 6529877 TI - Cervical myelopathy in rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Results obtained in 43 Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients with cervical myelopathy are described; all patients showed several alarm signs together with neurological disturbances. Thirty-four cases were operable; nine patients were not operated upon for various reasons (refusal, and general condition). In the surgically treated patients, the changes were localized in the C1-C2 area (n = 20), in the area below C2 (n = 5), or in both (n = 9). The patients were put on skull traction pre- and post-operatively and nursed on a circo-electric bed. Pre operatively, the duration of traction varied from a few days to weeks (mean 3 weeks). Post-operatively, the patients were given continuous skull traction for 2 1/2-3 months. This procedure yielded neurological improvement and a stable graft in all but two patients. On follow-up, recurrence of neurological complaints was seen in nine patients, in four due to a new slip at a lower level. Three of these cases were reoperated with good results. Twenty-three patients have died: four 'early' (one pre-operatively and three within 6 weeks post-operatively) and 19 'late'. The mean duration of follow-up was 4.5 years. In those who died 'late', the cause of death was due to the effects of an unstable graft in two cases and in the others the causes were not related to changes in the cervical spine. In the 10 patients who are still alive the mean duration of follow-up is 5 years. The nine patients who were not operated upon all died within a year, 4 of them due to consequences of cord compression. If cervical spondylodesis is feasible in an RA patient with myelopathy, the procedure is advocated. PMID- 6529878 TI - Monthly intravenous cyclophosphamide in the treatment of severe systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - An uncontrolled series of 10 patients with severe systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), resistant to or intolerant of other medications, were treated with a monthly intravenous bolus of cyclophosphamide. Nine of 10 patients experienced some beneficial results, several of which were quite dramatic and associated with substantial and protracted reductions in steroid requirement. Significant drug toxicity was noted in several patients. This therapy can be a useful therapeutic adjunct in carefully selected cases; however, we are not attempting to liberalize therapeutic indications for cyclophosphamide administration in SLE. PMID- 6529879 TI - Radiographic abnormalities in patients with Behcet's disease. AB - It was believed that there were no abnormal radiographic changes in patients with Behcet's disease, but in this study, we examined X-ray films of the hands of 20 patients with Behcet's disease who had had a history of arthritis in the hands for more than 5 years. As a result, juxta-articular demineralization was seen in 11 patients, carpal rotation was seen in 9, narrowing of the joint space was observed in 3, and asymmetrical bone destruction was seen in 2. From our study, radiological abnormalities of the joints appear more common in Behcet's disease than believed. PMID- 6529880 TI - The high prevalence of diabetes mellitus, impaired glucose tolerance and diabetic retinopathy in Nauru--the 1982 survey. AB - A population survey in 1982 has confirmed that Nauruan adults suffer from an extremely high prevalence of Type 2 (noninsulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus. The crude population prevalence of Type 2 diabetes was 24%. Abnormal glucose tolerance (impaired glucose tolerance and diabetes) was present in over 40% of the adult population and exceeded 80% in both sexes after the age of 55 yr. Diabetic retinopathy was present in 24% of diabetic patients, confirming that this Micronesian population is susceptible to the microvascular consequences of hyperglycaemia. Subjects with impaired glucose tolerance had a prevalence of retinopathy three times that of normal subjects, though the difference did not reach statistical significance. Prevalence of retinopathy was substantially higher in diabetic patients than either normal subjects or those with impaired glucose tolerance. PMID- 6529881 TI - Bimodality in glucose tolerance distributions in the urban Polynesian population of Western Samoa. AB - The frequency distribution of log plasma glucose concentrations in certain populations show two distinct subgroups--a non-diabetic group and a hyperglycaemic group--when suitable methods of distributional analysis are used. These two groups show up as a double peak (bimodality) in the best-fit frequency distributions of log plasma glucose, and the separation or cut-off point where the two curves intersect, gives an indication of the plasma glucose level at which diabetes could be diagnosed. Venous plasma glucose concentrations 2 hr after a 75 g oral glucose load were determined in the urban Polynesian population of Western Samoa, in subjects aged 20 yr and over. Bimodality was evident in subjects over 35 yr of age in both sexes, but for the younger age groups the frequency distribution of log plasma glucose follows the usual unimodal Gaussian curve. The data show that among these Polynesians, as with Pimas and Nauruans, the frequency distribution of log plasma glucose concentrations can be used to separate the population into normal and hyperglycaemic groups. PMID- 6529882 TI - Diabetic control and left ventricular ejection fraction during cold stimulation tests in insulin-dependent diabetes. AB - Abnormal cold stimulation (CS) tests have been reported in diabetic patients compared with normal controls. This result could be influenced by factors such as age, autonomic neuropathy, duration of diabetes and diabetic control and a group of type I (insulin-dependent) diabetic patients were therefore investigated to assess the effect of these factors on the CS test. Fifteen out of 31 patients (48.4%) had an abnormal change in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) during CS. There was no correlation between the change in LVEF and age, autonomic function tests, duration of diabetes or plasma glucose levels during the test. There was a significant negative correlation between the change in LVEF and HbA1 levels (r = 0.42; p = 0.02). We cannot say whether these results indicate a functional abnormality or a structural lesion of the coronary arteries or myocardium. They suggest, however, that diabetic control may influence cardio vascular responses in diabetic patients. PMID- 6529883 TI - The compliance of diabetic patients: relationship between subjective assessment by physicians and objective measurement of patient performance. AB - During a survey period of 9 months, diabetic patients attending an outpatient clinic were asked routinely by the nursing staff to produce their home urine/glucose monitoring charts and diet charts. If they could not do so, the importance of bringing these charts was explained and they were instructed to bring their charts at subsequent visits. In addition, the individual responses of 109 consecutive patients were monitored as index cases. The physicians of these 109 patients were asked to grade each patient according to their estimate of the patient's compliance. This subjective rating was correlated with the actual performance of the patients in bringing charts. During the survey the overall number of patients attending the clinic who brought urine/blood charts increased from 31% to 59%. The corresponding figures for diet charts were 6% and 21%. Before intervention, the group rated "high compliance" was more likely than the "low compliance" rated group to bring urine/glucose charts. However, after adjustment for this baseline difference the subsequent performances of the high and low rated groups were comparable. These two groups of patients also performed similarly with respect to diet charts. It is concluded that patients judged subjectively to have poor compliance were able to modify their behaviour similarly to those assessed as having good compliance. PMID- 6529884 TI - Outcome of pregnancy complicated by diabetes: experience with 232 patients in a 4 year period. AB - The outcome of pregnancy was reviewed in 232 women with diabetes (Group 1 = 72 Insulin Dependent Diabetes; Group 2 = 9 Non Insulin Dependent Diabetes and 151 Gestational Diabetes) seen at a major metropolitan teaching hospital in the 4 yr period 1978-1981 inclusive. The perinatal mortality was 5.6% and there was a high rate of congenital malformations (5.6% major, 7.7% minor) with no difference in incidence between the 2 groups. Infants of women whose pregnancies extended beyond 37 weeks of gestation had a reduced incidence and severity of respiratory distress syndrome. Measurement of amniotic fluid lamellar body phospholipid proved accurate in predicting this complication. Neonatal hypoglycaemia correlated with poor maternal blood glucose control in the third trimester and during parturition. PMID- 6529885 TI - Fetal maturation in strictly controlled diabetic pregnancy. AB - In 56 strictly controlled diabetic pregnancies, altogether 60 amniotic fluid samples were analysed for their content of lipid-carrying cells and the presence of phosphatidylglycerol. The outcome of the amniotic fluid tests was examined for its association to macrosomia and to minor neonatal complications such as hypoglycaemia, hypocalcaemia, respiratory disturbances and hyperbilirubinaemia. The predictive value of these tests was nil, since all cases of neonatal complications occurred in the group showing maturity in tests at week 37. At term, phosphatidylglycerol was detected in 80% of the pregnancies, a finding corresponding to our observations in non-diabetic pregnancies. Lipid-carrying cells were present in quantities indicating maturity (greater than or equal to 10%) in 65% of the pregnancies at term, compared with 87% in non-diabetic pregnancies, suggesting a somewhat disturbed skin maturation secondary to the maternal diabetic state. The failure of these tests to predict neonatal complications indicates that other factors may be of more importance for the occurrence of these disorders than those aspects of final functional maturation of the fetus that are reflected in these two particular maturity tests. PMID- 6529886 TI - Facilitating intensive conventional insulin management using a manually operated syringe injector. AB - A manually operated 3-ml insulin catheter and syringe injector system was evaluated in 26 insulin-dependent ketosis-prone patients for a mean of 11 months per patient. Eighteen patients had normal kidney function, 5 had renal insufficiency (plasma creatinine 2.0-4.8 mg/dl) and 3 had successful kidney transplants. Regular insulin was infused 15-30 min before each meal. The subcutaneous route of delivery was used in all patients except the 3 renal transplant patients who received regular insulin intraperitoneally through a chronically placed intraperitoneal microbore catheter. Basal insulinization was obtained using subcutaneous long-acting insulin. Blood glucose control improved in all 3 groups of patients. Mean blood glucose decreased from 203 +/- 10-118 +/- 3 SEM; hemoglobin A1 decreased from 12.5 +/- 0.4-9.2 +/- 0.25 SEM (normal range 5 9%). We conclude that a manually operated syringe injector can be used to make multiple dose insulin management less painful and more convenient. The injector can be worn and activated beneath clothing and also worn while showering or swimming. Yet it can be removed while sleeping, when sexually active or when engaged in strenuous athletic activity. PMID- 6529887 TI - Circulating C-peptide and diabetic retinopathy. AB - Basal serum C-peptide concentrations were determined in a series of adult males referred to a diabetic retinopathy clinic. Degree of retinopathy of the most affected eye of each subject was classified using stereoscopic fundus photographs and fluorescein angiograms. A positive correlation was found between low C peptide concentration (3.0 +/- 2.1 ng/ml) and proliferative or pre-proliferative diabetic retinopathy. A significantly higher (p less than 0.01) C-peptide level was found in subjects with non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (6.0 +/- 3.7 ng/ml). Determination of fasting C-peptide levels after the first five-year period of insulin-dependent diabetes appears to be useful as a predictor of risk for proliferative disease. PMID- 6529888 TI - Smoking and glycaemic control in male insulin dependent (type 1) diabetics. AB - To test if cigarette smoking influences the quality of glycaemic control 98 consecutive male patients suffering from insulin dependent diabetes with onset of the disease before 30 yr of age and more than 5 yr duration of the disease were interviewed about their actual tobacco consumption, and their concentrations of haemoglobulin A1c were determined. Forty-seven patients smoked cigarettes, the rest (51) were regarded as non-smokers. Age, duration of diabetes, relative body weight, and insulin-requirement were similar in the 2 groups. No significant difference in glycaemic control as judged from the level of stable haemoglobin A1c was found (smokers 8.8%-range 6.5-11.4, and non-smokers 8.4%-range 6.4-11.6). Thus the measurement of haemoglobin A1c levels revealed no difference in glycaemic control according to smoking habits in insulin dependent diabetics. PMID- 6529889 TI - Vascular disease and vascular function in the lower limb in diabetes. AB - This review examines the pathology, clinical effects and physiological disturbances produced by vascular disease and autonomic neuropathy in the lower limb in diabetic subjects. Atherosclerosis is a major factor in causing foot lesions in diabetics. The distribution of the disease frequently makes vascular reconstructive surgery difficult or impossible but an aggressive approach to reconstruction is justified because the results of major amputations are bad. Arterial calcification probably has no significant effect on the blood supply to the foot. There is some evidence that disease of arteries in the foot may be associated with the development of ulcers or gangrene. Disease of the arterioles and capillaries is frequent, but there is little evidence that this microangiopathy causes lesions. Autonomic neuropathy affecting the limb is also common, and although there are several mechanisms by which this might predispose to ulcers or gangrene, there is little evidence of such a direct relationship. In a patient presenting with ulceration or gangrene of the foot it is often impossible to determine the relative roles of vascular disease, affecting large or small vessels, and neuropathy, either somatic or autonomic, in the development of the lesion. Further progress depends on the development of more direct methods for assessing microvascular and autonomic nervous function. PMID- 6529890 TI - Human Monotard insulin: dose-dependent subcutaneous absorption. AB - The aim was to study the effect of dose on subcutaneous absorption of semisynthetic human Lente-type insulin (Monotard HM) in IDDM patients. The absorption was evaluated by measurements of residual radioactivity of 125-I labelled insulin at the injection sites. In 9 patients, on consecutive days, 6, 12, 24 and 36 IU of Monotard HM was given subcutaneously. The residual radioactivity was measured up to 49 hr after injections. A dose-dependent absorption was found with significantly decreasing absorption rates for increasing doses. The times for 50% of initial activity to disappear were (doses given in parentheses): 9.0 hr (6 IU), 8.9 hr (12 IU), 10.9 hr (24 IU), 14.8 hr (36 IU). PMID- 6529891 TI - A randomized comparative crossover evaluation of glucose monitoring technologies. AB - Twenty-four diabetic patients receiving insulin were randomized to 3 groups. Group I began self blood glucose monitoring by meter and switched to visually read strips at 3 months. Group II began self blood glucose monitoring by visually read strips and switched to meter readings at 3 months. Group III monitored urine glucoses for the 6 months of the trial. Professional interaction time was the same for all patients and each patient was placed on the same insulin delivery scheme (3 shots NPH and/or regular). Mean C-peptide levels 6 min following intravenous glucagon was comparable in all 3 groups. Patients monitoring blood glucose showed a significant decrease in glycosylated hemoglobin values (p less than 0.01) from patients monitoring urine at 6 months of the trial. Patients subjectively felt meters were more accurate than visual strips but both groups I and II showed lower glycosylated hemoglobin levels (p less than 0.02 at 6 months) and sequence analysis revealed no sequence effect. The trial confirms that blood glucose monitoring technologies have advantages over urine monitoring in helping patients achieve improved glucose levels. Patients perform equally well in terms of blood glucose "control" whether visually read strips or meters are used for initial teaching or maintenance if patients are instructed appropriately in each methodology. These findings have economic implications for large scale treatment programs. PMID- 6529892 TI - Effect of a sorbitol-rich diet on plasma and erythrocyte sorbitol concentrations in normal and diabetic subjects. AB - Four normal subjects and seven diabetic patients ingested for 5-7 days a sorbitol rich diet (44g of sorbitol/day). No obvious change in either plasma or erythrocyte sorbitol concentrations was observed. Thus, the regulation of endogenous sorbitol production appears unaffected by the sorbitol content of the diet. PMID- 6529893 TI - Determination of glucosuria, an obsolete form of self-monitoring in diabetes? AB - During the last few years we have got improved and cheaper test materials for blood glucose determination. Self-monitoring of blood glucose has become common and urine tests have appeared more obsolete and useless than ever. Before we abandon urine tests we wanted to compare blood and urine glucose and also evaluate the opinion of our patients. A comparison of 301 parallel blood and urine glucose determinations showed a good correlation. In only 5.0% of the samples was the blood glucose above 10 mmol/l without glucosuria and in 9.7% of the samples the blood glucose was below 10 mmol/l but still with glucose in the parallel urine test. Anonymous questionnaires were answered by 94 juvenile diabetics aged between 7-25 yr. Carelessness or "cheating" had sometimes occurred in 10-20% of them. An overwhelming majority preferred daily urine test and a sporadic blood test to regular blood glucose monitoring. Urine tests seem to have a place together with blood glucose determinations in the management of juvenile diabetes. PMID- 6529894 TI - On plasma chlorpropamide, body weight and sex difference in chlorpropamide alcohol flush (CPAF). AB - There is evidence that the plasma chlorpropamide (CP) concentration is an important determinant of the chlorpropamide alcohol flush (CPAF). In 74 type 2 diabetics a highly significant correlation (r = 0.51, p less than 0.001) was present between the levels of plasma CP and the appearance of CPAF, measured as an index (the sum of the increase of the skin temperature and one-fourth of plasma acetaldehyde increase). Lower or no correlations were found when different threshold levels were considered. Body weight was significantly (p less than 0.001) inversely correlated to plasma chlorpropamide levels, which resulted in higher CP levels in females (mean body weight 68.6 kg, CP concentration 34.4 mg/l) than in males (83.4 kg, 26.0 mg/l), which explains the female preponderance among flushers. PMID- 6529896 TI - A National Institute of Occupational Health and Safety. PMID- 6529895 TI - Comparison by nuclear angiography of resting left ventricular function in insulin dependent diabetic patients and normal subjects and the effect of diabetic control. AB - Resting left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was measured by nuclear angiography in 28 type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic patients and 31 control subjects. None had any clinical evidence of cardiac disease. The influence of age, duration of diabetes, plasma glucose (PG) and glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1) levels at the time of testing was also assessed in a larger group of 52 type 1 diabetic patients. Resting LVEF was significantly lower in the diabetic patients, 0.46 +/- 0.11 (mean +/- SD), compared with the control subjects, 0.53 +/- 0.07 (p = 0.02). No significant correlation was found between resting LVEF and age, duration of diabetes, PG or HbA1 levels. While LV function may be abnormal in diabetic patients the causes are still unclear. PMID- 6529897 TI - A National Institute of Occupational Health and Safety. PMID- 6529898 TI - Regulatory practices for health and safety at work. PMID- 6529899 TI - Review of the use of routine statistical sources for the detection of occupational health surveillance with particular reference to the UK and Scandinavia. PMID- 6529900 TI - A National Institute of Occupational Health and Safety. PMID- 6529901 TI - Proposals for epidemiological surveillance of occupational health in Australia. PMID- 6529902 TI - A National Institute of Occupational Health and Safety: some comments. PMID- 6529903 TI - Lateral L3/4 herniated nucleus pulposus: clinical and imaging considerations. AB - This report examines 18 surgically proven L3/4 herniated nucleus pulposus (HNP), all having myelogram, CT and adequate neurological evaluation. It will focus on four cases where the herniation involved the neural canal (intervertebral canal). Comparison to the 14 spinal canal central herniations will be made. The clinical findings for lateral L3/4 HNP allowed a preimaging diagnosis to be made in three of the four cases. In the central group the correct preimaging diagnosis was made one of the 14 cases (P less than 0.01). There are numerous reasons why the central L3/4 HNP preimaging diagnosis is inaccurate as well as difficult to establish and these reasons are discussed in detail. The myelographic and CT findings of the lateral L3/4 HNP are clearly elaborated. All herniations were extruded. They poorly responded to conservative management. The duration of illness, onset of pain to surgical disk removal, for the lateral herniations was 34.8 days and, 154.4 days for the central group (P less than 0.05). The myelogram is a disappointing test in the diagnosis of lateral L3/4 HNP, but highly accurate in spinal canal L3/4 HNP. CT is a preferred imaging test being virtually positive in all cases. PMID- 6529904 TI - A case of congenital absence of the left internal carotid artery. AB - A case of congenital absence of the internal carotid artery was presented in a 37 year-old male with temporal lobe epilepsy. A dilated vascular channel, which is one of the characteristics associated with the congenital absence of the internal carotid artery, can be demonstrated in the conventional contrast-enhanced CT scans. Absence of the carotid canal can be delineated far more clearly in the CT scans of the skull base. PMID- 6529905 TI - Computed tomographic diagnosis of pancreatic pseudoaneurysm. AB - Hemorrhagic complications of pancreatic pseudocysts are potentially life threatening. This case, definitively diagnosed by bolus CT study, demonstrated pseudoaneurysm formation within a pancreatic pseudocyst. PMID- 6529906 TI - Intrathoracic rib--CT features of a rare chest wall anomaly. AB - A rare anomaly of the chest cage is presented. The radiographic features of the intrathoracic rib are described and the usefulness of CT is emphasized. PMID- 6529907 TI - Computed tomography in opisthorchiasis. AB - Opisthorchiasis is a relatively common disease in the northeast of Thailand. Fifteen cases were studied by CT, revealing interesting findings: 1. Fourteen cases had abnormal liver CT. 2. Dilatation of intrahepatic biliary tree was very common, in various degrees. 3. Most patients had co-existing cholangiocarcinoma, some with peritoneal seeding and/or regional lymph node involvement. Metastases to pancreas, adrenal gland, spleen, lung and pleura are occasionally seen at initial diagnosis. CT findings are very suggestive of this disease. However, diagnosis depends on history, clinical and parasitological bases. PMID- 6529908 TI - A CT sign: the "disappearing mass" as a clue to the diagnosis of intermittent intestinal intussusception in children. AB - During the course of evaluation of a child with recurrent abdominal pain, a mass lesion was noted on computed tomography of the abdomen. This mass lesion was not evident within 30 min of the finding. Child was subsequently diagnosed to have intussusception. A "disappearing mass" lesion may therefore be a manifestation of recurrent intussusception. PMID- 6529909 TI - CT manifestation of ocular muscular dystrophy. AB - Common varieties of muscular dystrophy rarely involve the extraocular muscles, but several uncommon varieties do. In one of our patients with ocular muscular dystrophy (Von Graefe's disease), computed tomography demonstrated atrophy of the extraocular muscles, particularly of the lateral rectus muscles. Involvement of the extraocular muscles by muscular dystrophy has not been previously reported or demonstrated in the radiological literature. PMID- 6529910 TI - Pathognomonic CT findings of posterior fossa epidural hematomas. AB - The computed tomographic (CT) findings in three patients with posterior fossa epidural hematoma are reviewed. Both acute and subacute forms of presentation are depicted. Discussion is centered on the efficacy of both noncontrast (NCCT) and contrast-enhanced (CECT) computed tomography in the diagnosis and management of this type of injury. The extension of hematoma across a dural sinus, a pathognomonic CT finding of posterior fossa epidural hematomas, is demonstrated. PMID- 6529911 TI - Influence of removal of intrauterine contraceptive devices on colonisation of the cervix by actinomyces-like organisms. AB - An overall prevalence rate of actinomyces-like organisms (ALO) in cervical smears from intrauterine contraceptive device (IUCD) users of 3% (79/2, 734) was found, with a rate of 2% and 22.6% for copper and inert IUCD users. Although the users of the inert IUCDs were older, and their devices had been in situ longer, these factors did not account for the significant difference between the two types of IUCD. Fifty-five patients were counselled and given a leaflet on ALO. Fourteen IUCD users with ALO positive smears who had their devices removed had mild or moderate pelvic pain or discharge. Six others who were asymptomatic had the IUCD removed at their own request. All fifty-five patients were re-examined six months to one year later, and a smear was repeated. Only one woman required later removal of the IUCD because of dyspareunia with pelvic tenderness. After removal of the IUCD, and without antibiotic therapy, in 100% (20/20) of the women, ALO colonisation was no longer found six to twelve months later. This applied even to seven women who had had a new copper IUCD inserted immediately after removal of the index device. PMID- 6529912 TI - Placental candidiasis: report of two cases, one associated with an IUCD in situ. AB - Two cases of placental candidiasis without fetal sepsis or death are presented. The first case occurred with an IUCD (Copper 7) in situ and premature rupture of the membranes at 33 weeks gestation; the baby survived in contrast to the seven previously recorded cases where neonatal death was the rule. The other case occurred at term with intact membranes. The pathology of placental candidiasis is distinctive and the typical small shallow yellowish ulcers on the cord surface should allow diagnosis to be made or suspected at the time of delivery. PMID- 6529913 TI - Electrophysiological and haemodynamic changes with trazodone, amitriptyline and placebo in depressed out-patients. AB - Fourteen out-patients with major depressive disorder completed a double-blind, randomized, parallel group study using trazodone (n = 6), amitriptyline (n = 5) and matching placebo (n = 3). The average daily doses used were 223 mg and 95.3 mg for trazodone and amitriptyline, respectively, over the 28-day treatment period. Cardiovascular function was monitored with high speed ECG and by determining systolic time intervals. No significant effects of either drug on supine or standing blood pressure were demonstrated. Trazodone increased QTc on Day 1 only, and reduced heart rate and increased the PR interval on Day 15; these effects had disappeared by Day 29. Amitriptyline markedly increased heart rate, PR interval and QTc, and reduced T wave amplitude on Days 15 and 29. Trazodone had no consistent effect on systolic time intervals except to increase the LVET index, whereas amitriptyline increased both PEP index and PEP/LVET ratio on Days 15 and 29. It is concluded that amitriptyline had a much more marked effect on cardiac function than did trazodone. PMID- 6529914 TI - An assessment of faecal blood loss from Ro 21-5521, a novel non-steroidal anti inflammatory agent, in normal volunteers. AB - Faecal blood loss arising from Ro 21-5521, a novel non-steroidal anti inflammatory agent with a long plasma half-life of about 41 hours, was evaluated in a double-blind crossover study against matched placebo in 12 volunteers. After a 1-week run-in period to determine baseline values, subjects were allocated at random to receive either 250 mg Ro 21-5521 per day or placebo for 2 weeks before being crossed over to the alternative treatment for 2 weeks. They were then followed-up for a further 2 weeks. Blood loss was calculated from 51Chromium tagged red blood cells in stools collected for a 96-hour period during each week of the study. Plasma levels of Ro 21-5521 were also measured twice weekly throughout the study. The results showed that with a drug of this long half-life, faecal blood loss may continue for at least 4 weeks after cessation of trial therapy of 2 weeks. It is recommended that in the evaluation of faecal blood loss resulting from drugs with a long half-life, a parallel group study, each group receiving only one drug (or one drug crossed against placebo), is the study design of choice. PMID- 6529915 TI - ["Zespol"--a new type of osteosynthesis. I. An internal self-compressing stabilizer of bone fragments]. PMID- 6529916 TI - ["Zespol"--a new type of osteosynthesis. II. Indications, instruments and surgical technics]. PMID- 6529917 TI - ["Zespol"--a new type of osteosynthesis. III. Results of treatment]. PMID- 6529918 TI - [Conservative treatment of recent closed fractures of the crural bones]. PMID- 6529919 TI - [Intramedullary stable osteosynthesis of femoral shaft fractures by a closed method]. PMID- 6529920 TI - [Reposition-reconstruction in dislocations of the acromioclavicular joint]. PMID- 6529922 TI - [Micromorphological studies in Dupuytren's contracture]. PMID- 6529921 TI - [Disorders of ulnar nerve function after injuries of the elbow joint area treated by anterior transposition of the nerve]. PMID- 6529923 TI - [Radiomorphology of lumbo-sacral syntopy in spondylolisthesis]. PMID- 6529924 TI - [Stenosis of vertebral and intervertebral canal in degenerative spondylolisthesis in the computerized-tomographic picture]. PMID- 6529925 TI - [Surgical treatment of degenerative spondylolisthesis]. PMID- 6529926 TI - [Principles of surgical treatment of spondylolisthesis]. PMID- 6529927 TI - [Results of surgical treatment of spondylolisthesis]. PMID- 6529928 TI - [Causes of pain and complications in patients with spondylolisthesis treated by intervertebral stabilization of one segment]. PMID- 6529929 TI - [Aneurysmal spinal cyst in the light of an analysis of our cases]. PMID- 6529930 TI - [Correction of hallux valgus by the Kamza method]. PMID- 6529932 TI - [The dexamethasone suppression test in child and adolescent psychiatry]. AB - The dexamethasone suppression test was performed on 67 children and adolescents who were hospitalized in the child psychopathology unit of Herold Hospital (Paris). We used the DSM-III diagnostic criteria. After 10 preliminary trials using 2 mg/1.73 m2 of dexamethasone, 63 trials were conducted with a dosage of 1 mg/1.73 m2. In 19 cases of anorexia nervosa, non-suppression was associated with the weight reduction, with no other significance attached to the results. In 30 pubertal cases, 11 out of the 20 depressed patients escaped from dexamethasone suppression while none of the 10 non-depressed patients did. Those 5 adolescents who were categorized as depressed with psychotic features all escaped suppression. Criteria of specificity and more specifically the role of weight loss, are discussed. In 8 prepubertal patients (under Thirteen) the 4 depressed cases showed no escape response but this response was noted in 2 out of the 4 other children. These results suggest the presence of neuroendocrinological alterations in depressed pubertal children similar to those observed in some depressed adults. We could not find similar alterations in our small sample of non pubertal children. PMID- 6529931 TI - Investigation of a circannual rhythm in nasopharyngeal airway patency in children. AB - We have studied nasopharyngeal adenoids on standardized cephalometric radiograms of 25 children in each season. While individual subjects showed changes ranging from 1-17% throughout the year, a synchronized circannual rhythm could be described for the girls only. Similar changes were observed in boys, although a synchronized group rhythm could not be ascertained. No clear explanation for this apparent sexual dimorphism is known at this time, but different hormonal influences are likely. Evaluation of the nasopharyngeal airway (NPA) patency is thus affected by the season in which a cephalogram is taken. It should be noted that due to the described circannual rhythmicity, a single determination of the adenoid masses may be an insufficient and misleading indicator of the NPA obstruction. Etiology and clinical significance of these rhythmic changes need to be explored further. PMID- 6529933 TI - [The dexamethasone suppression test in agoraphobia with panic attacks. 30 cases]. AB - Among 30 agoraphobic subjects with panic attacks, 6 presented an abnormal dexamethasone suppression test. In non suppressor patients there was a statistical trend towards an excess of major depressive disorders, and of depression in first degree relatives. It suggests that agoraphobia with panic attacks might be a heterogeneous entity. Some agoraphobias with panic attacks might be more related to endogenous depression than to anxiety states. PMID- 6529934 TI - [Plasma and saliva DST (dexamethasone suppression test) in depression. Clinical applications and kinetic approach]. AB - Both plasmatic and salivary DST were simultaneously performed on a sample of 37 patients with a diagnosis of major depressive disorder (DMS III criteria): 22 primary depressions and 15 secondary depressions. Salivary DST showed a similar specificity but a decreased sensitivity in comparison with plasmatic DST. Essentially, the simultaneous use of both tests resulted in a better specificity for primary depression. PMID- 6529935 TI - [Serum thyroxine, triiodothyronine and reverse triiodothyronine concentrations in patients with pituitary dwarfism]. PMID- 6529936 TI - [Activity of the thyroid of newborn lambs after a single dose of selenium]. PMID- 6529937 TI - [Unilateral aplasia of the thyroid]. PMID- 6529938 TI - Baroreflex modulation of ventricular rhythm in atrial fibrillation. AB - The influence of bilateral carotid sinus nerve stimulation was studied in a patient with atrial fibrillation. Stimulation resulted after approximately 1.5 s in abrupt prolongation of the minimum, median and maximum RR-interval, and in greater RR-interval dispersion. Virtually no change was observed in the random character of the ventricular rhythm. The absence of demonstrable baroreflex modulation of the ventricular rhythm in atrial fibrillation is probably due to the relatively long latency of the reflex effect on atrioventricular conduction in relation to the duration of the RR-intervals. PMID- 6529939 TI - Alternating sinus rhythm and intermittent sinoatrial block induced by propranolol. AB - Alternating sinus rhythm and intermittent sinoatrial (S-A) block was observed in a 57-year-old woman, under treatment for angina with 80 mg propranolol daily. The electrocardiogram showed alternation of long and short P-P intervals and occasional pauses. These pauses were always preceded by the short P-P intervals and were usually followed by one or two P-P intervals of 0.92-0.95 s representing the basic sinus cycle. Following these basic sinus cycles, alternating rhythm started with the longer P-P interval. The long P-P intervals ranged between 1.04 1.12 s and the short P-P intervals between 0.80-0.84 s, respectively. The duration of the pauses were equal or almost equal to one short plus one long P-P interval or to twice the basic sinus cycle. In one recording a short period of regular sinus rhythm with intermittent 2/1 S-A block was observed. This short period of sinus rhythm was interrupted by sudden prolongation of the P-P interval starting the alternative rhythm. There were small changes in the shape of the P waves and P-R intervals. S-A conduction through two pathways, the first with 2/1 block the second having 0.12-0.14 s longer conduction time and with occasional 2/1 block was proposed for the explanation of the alternating P-P interval and other electrocardiographic features seen. Atropine 1 mg given intravenously resulted in shortening of all P-P intervals without changing the rhythm. The abnormal rhythm disappeared with the withdrawal of propranolol and when the drug was restarted a 2/1 S-A block was seen. This was accepted as evidence for propranolol being the cause of this conduction disorder. PMID- 6529940 TI - Fascicular tachycardia sensitive to calcium antagonists. AB - Five patients with recurrent tachycardias exhibiting right bundle branch block with left axis deviation were referred for investigation. In each case, a supraventricular mechanism was suspected. During sinus rhythm the QRS morphology and axis (-10 to +60 degrees) and HV intervals were normal. Tachycardia was initiated by timed ventricular premature stimuli in 4 patients, rapid ventricular pacing in 3 patients and rapid atrial pacing in 2 patients. The tachycardia cycle length varied from 275 to 380 ms with right bundle branch block and a leftward axis change of 30 to 125 degrees at the onset of the tachycardia. The HV interval ranged from +15 to -20 ms. In each patient ventriculoatrial dissociation occurred spontaneously or could be induced. All tachycardia could be terminated or greatly slowed by calcium antagonists. These data are consistent with an unusual reentrant mechanism of tachycardia located in the posterior fascicle of the left bundle branch. PMID- 6529942 TI - Bioprosthetic valve replacement in children--long-term follow-up of 135 isolated mitral valve implantations. AB - From August 1976 to January 1980, 135 patients, age 20 years or younger (mean 13.7 +/- 3.46 years), received 37 Hancock, 4 Angell-Shiley and 94 Carpentier Edwards prostheses as a mitral valve substitute. Only patients who had isolated mitral valve replacement were included in this study. All patients were in NYHA class III and IV and 22 had acute rheumatic valvulitis. Approximately half of the patients had mitral regurgitation. Early mortality was 4.4% (6 patients). The cumulative follow up period was 356 patient-years. Thirty-eight patients died late (10.7% per patient year), of which 26 (7.3% per patient year) died of valve related causes. Sixty-four patients (18% per patient year) had mitral valve replacement for a degenerated bioprosthesis. Eleven patients with degenerating prostheses died without surgery and 5 await reoperation. Hence, structural valve failure occurred in 80 instances (22.5% per patient year). Actuarial survival at 7 years was 50%. Complication-free valve survival was 15%. Only 7 patients (5.2%) remain with their original prostheses, free from degeneration. Our experience confirms that bioprostheses have a prohibitive failure rate in children. Degenerating valves should be replaced early rather than late. PMID- 6529941 TI - Provocation of variant angina by alcohol ingestion. AB - The effect of alcohol on variant angina was studied in six patients who had a history of chest pain occurring with alcohol ingestion. On alcohol testing, Holter ECG monitoring was performed and a 12-lead ECG was recorded at the time of chest pain. In five, chest pain with ST elevation occurred 5.5 to 17.5 h after the ingestion of alcohol (100 to 150 ml as ethanol). These showed recurrent ST elevation on Holter ECG, most episodes being asymptomatic. Results of provocation testing were reproducible in all four patients in whom tests were repeated and ST elevation occurred in the same leads. No complications were observed. The Holter ECG revealed a higher heart rate after alcohol ingestion. The plasma level of alcohol was zero when angina occurred and plasma epinephrine, norepinephrine and serotonin were unchanged following alcohol ingestion. Alcohol ingestion may be a useful method of provoking variant angina, particularly in those who have a history of angina related to alcohol ingestion. PMID- 6529943 TI - An orifice formula independent of mitral pressure gradient for the evaluation of prosthetic mitral valve obstruction. AB - We have studied an hydraulic orifice equation capable of quantifying the obstructive properties of mitral prostheses from data of a potentially less invasive nature than is required by conventional methods. The results indicate that effective prosthetic orifice area may be computed by the pressure independent equation A = 21SV/DFP2, where A is the effective prosthesis orifice area in cm2, SV is the stroke volume in ml and DFP is the diastolic filling period in s min-1. Areas computed with the pressure independent equation correlate with the results of the modified Gorlin formula (given in the appendix) at a level of r = 0.91 for a series of 17 cases within a range of effective valve areas of 0.50 cm2 to 1.60 cm2. These results suggest that simplified nontraumatic procedures may be developed to screen and follow patients with prosthetic valve implants. PMID- 6529944 TI - Precision of digitized M-mode echocardiograms for clinical practice. AB - Computer digitization of M-Mode echocardiograms has proved a valuable research tool in the study of left ventricular function. It can be applied in clinical practice if the reproducibility of the technique is known so that imprecision can be minimised. Five normal echocardiograms of average clinical quality were selected and four cycles from each echocardiogram were digitized on two occasions by four different digitizers using an 'Apple II' computer. The study design allowed the sources of imprecision to be identified by analysis of variance. Assessment of the clinically most useful digitized measurement, peak rate of change of diastolic left ventricular dimension (dD/dt), was imprecise with a large within-subject variance and a 95% confidence interval of +/- 6.5 cm s-1; too wide for clinical use. The replication component accounted for 90% of this variance, with cycle to cycle and between-digitizer variance components being much less important. This large replication component will be reduced simply by repeating digitization; for dD/dt repeating digitization four times would theoretically reduce the confidence interval to a useful value of +/- 3.6 cm s-1. The 95% confidence interval for a single digitised measurement of diastolic left ventricular minor dimension was +/- 0.32 cm, for diastolic posterior wall thickness +/- 0.23 cm, and for the isovolumic relaxation time (A2-MVO) +/- 27 ms. Replication was again the largest component of variance so that the biggest improvement in precision will come from simply repeating digitization. Digitization on a cheap microcomputer system can provide clinically useful information provided reproducibility and sources of imprecision are known with clinical, as opposed to research, echocardiograms and conditions. PMID- 6529945 TI - A comparison between single gate and multigate ultrasonic Doppler measurements for the assessment of the velocity pattern in the human ascending aorta. AB - The velocity pattern in the ascending aorta of 15 healthy adults was measured quasisimultaneously from the Doppler-shifts produced in 16 gates distributed equally within the cross-section along a narrow ultrasound beam which centrally traversed the vessel upstream of the brachiocephalic trunk. A comparison between the time integrals of the velocities in gates 9 (centre line), 4 and 13 (off centre) and the time integral of the weighted mean of the velocities of all gates correlated with r = 0.90, SEE = 1.05 (gate 9), r = 0.90, SEE 0.88 (gate 4) and r = 0.92, SEE 0.94 (gate 13). A better correlation (r = 0.96, SEE = 0.60) was found between the linear mean of all gates and the weighted mean. These results show that Doppler measurements in single small gates are not appropriate to determine the average cross-sectional blood flow velocity in healthy adults. PMID- 6529946 TI - Redundant mitral chordae tendineae prolapsing to the left ventricular outflow tract area in normal subjects. PMID- 6529947 TI - Appendicovesicostomy: an alternative urinary diversion in the child. AB - On the basis of 10 observations, the authors report their experience of the continent appendicovesicostomy (Mitrofanoff technique). Indications, techniques and results are discussed. The authors also present a technique of transureteral continent cystostomy. PMID- 6529948 TI - One-stage repair of perineal hypospadias and scrotal transposition. AB - Our experience with one-stage repair of severe perineal hypospadias and scrotal transposition is described. In essence the urethra is formed by our (extended parameatal) wing flap-flipping method, while the scrotum is normally repositioned with skin closure. Comparison is made with other repairs, while the safety of the extended parameatal pedicle flap is stressed. PMID- 6529949 TI - Granulomatous cystitis: a reversible lesion in children. AB - 27 children with granulomatous cystitis associated with schistosomiasis and urinary tract infection were studied by urine culture and the direct immunofluorescence technique to detect the presence of antibody-coated bacteria (ACB). All patients had urinary schistosomiasis (100%); urine cultures of more than 10,000 bacteria/ml were present in 18 (66%) patients, and ACB-positive tests in 23 (85%) patients. Depending upon an ACB-positive test, children received full courses of antimicrobial and antibilharzial therapy. Follow-up after 3 months showed that granulomatous lesions subsided in 20 out of 23 (87%) children. PMID- 6529950 TI - Salvage cystectomy: the case for a combined abdominoperineal approach. AB - Salvage cystectomy, after failed radical radiotherapy for infiltrating bladder cancer, is a major procedure in which rectal laceration can lead to life threatening complications. The advantages of a combined abdominoperineal approach are emphasized in a series of 14 patients. PMID- 6529951 TI - Dilatation of the urinary tract during pregnancy and its management. AB - Dilatation of the upper urinary tract in pregnancy is caused by an obstruction at the pelvic brim, of varying degree. In some women this obstruction occurs acutely, resulting in renal colics. Our experience with this condition in 17 patients is reported. In 7 patients relief of the obstruction was necessary. The method of choice was drainage with pig-tail stents. The indications for such treatment are discussed. PMID- 6529952 TI - Surgical treatment of stenosis of the pyeloureteral junction in pelvic kidney. AB - The late results of surgical treatment of pyeloureteral junction stenosis are reported for 5 patients with pelvic ectopy of the kidney. In all cases the results were good. PMID- 6529953 TI - Embolization of pelvic bone metastases from renal cell carcinoma. AB - 4 patients were treated by embolization for pelvic metastases from a renal cell carcinoma. Embolization was carried out either preoperatively or was the only therapy. The method, the materials used and the results of 3 of these patients during 7-16 months of observation are presented. PMID- 6529954 TI - Computed tomography in xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis. AB - Two cases of xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis (XGP) examined preoperatively by computed tomography are reported. In one, preoperative diagnosis of an inflammatory abscess-forming disease was possible. Several features of computed tomography in XGP permit differentiation from renal carcinoma. Global renal enlargement, the presence of calculi, the spread of infiltration into the fatty capsule with thickening of Gerota's fascia, and the characteristic density differences between cortex and medulla as a result of reduced contrast medium concentrations in the pyramids are suspicious of this special form of interstitial nephritis. PMID- 6529955 TI - Study of serum and urine hydroxyproline level of patients with prostatic cancer. AB - The serum and urine hydroxyproline levels of patients with prostatic cancer were regularly studied for 30 months. Bone metastases were found in 4 patients at the beginning of the study; metastases formed in 8 patients during the test period, and in 9 patients no metastases formed during the study. At the time of X-ray diagnosis of metastasis, significantly higher serum and urine hydroxyproline levels and enzymatic phosphatase were found, but in the tests performed 3 months earlier, in spite of the negative X-ray results, the hydroxyproline results differed significantly from the reference values. The above findings support the use of the hydroxyproline test for the diagnosis of metastases. PMID- 6529957 TI - Urodynamics of ileal conduits in adults. AB - In 11 adults with ileal conduits, urodynamic, radiologic and radioisotope studies were performed. Under physiological conditions the conduits revealed a low volume/low-pressure state due to continuous drainage of urine by passive and active mechanisms. Conduito-renal reflux was found in all patients under high pressure conditions, such as having the patient cough and strain, or with the conduit filled up to maximum capacity after blockage of the stoma. The 'physiological' low-volume/short-term reflux obviously did not harm kidney function, as shown by radiologic and isotope studies. PMID- 6529958 TI - Circle cystostomy: technical considerations. AB - Our experience of 30 selected cases in whom circle cystostomy was used for postoperative drainage of the urinary bladder is described. Technical details and considerations used in the preferential selection of this method of urinary drainage over the standard balloon catheter (Foley) drainage are discussed. PMID- 6529956 TI - Intravesical instillation of Adriamycin early after transurethral resection: measurements of plasma levels. AB - 10 patients with frequently recurrent or wide-spread papillary tumors of the urinary bladder were treated by intravesical instillation of adriamycin (50-110 mg) within 3 h of transurethral resection of the tumors. The highest plasma concentration observed (73 ng/ml) was associated with the most extensive resection. In none of the other patients did the maximum plasma concentration exceed 30 ng/ml. Mostly, the intravesical instillation of adriamycin was given in immediate connection with the transurethral resection. Hence, the remaining effects from the epidural anesthesia eliminated all patients' discomfort related to the instillation therapy. In none of the patients was the combined therapy discontinued due to side effects. PMID- 6529959 TI - Childbirth in true hermaphrodite. AB - 14-year-old Japanese girl with a 46,XX karyotype underwent an exploratory laparotomy for signs of virilization. The left ovary and other pelvic organs were of female type. The right gonad was found to be an ovotestis which was removed. At age of 25, the patient gave birth to a normal male infant by full-term, vaginal delivery. In the literature, this is the third case of normal delivery in 7 true hermaphrodites with pregnancy and childbirth. PMID- 6529960 TI - Blind-ending bifid ureter with an intravesical ectopic orifice. AB - Blind-ending bifid ureters, as one type of duplications, are a rare congenital anomaly of the urinary tract. Occasionally they present with unspecific symptoms and require surgical intervention. This case of a blind-ending bifid ureter was associated with an intravesical ectopic orifice. Recurrent urinary tract infection necessitated excision of the blind branch and ureteroneocystostomy using the psoas-hitch technique. PMID- 6529961 TI - Os penis. AB - The presence of os penis in man is very rare. To date only 11 cases have been published. A close study of these cases shows their extreme heterogeneity. We think that the os penis should be considered as a heterotopic bone structure similar to that found in the animal world. To confirm this we present our personal case study. PMID- 6529962 TI - Caffeine actions on currents induced by calcium-overload in Purkinje fibers. AB - The ionic events underlying the changes induced by caffeine in calcium-overloaded Purkinje fibers were studied by means of a voltage-clamp technique. The following results were obtained. In fibers exposed to strophanthidin (5 X 10(-7) M), a depolarizing clamp of suitable magnitude or duration is followed by an oscillatory current (Ios) often superimposed on a decaying inward tail current (the "tail current"). Caffeine (9 mM) abolishes Ios and increases the tail current. Caffeine has similar actions when calcium overload is induced by increasing [Ca]0 or decreasing [Na]0. The magnitude of the tail current is reduced by decreasing [Ca]0. The tail current appears with repolarizations to -40 mV or more negative values as Ios appears in the absence of caffeine. As with Ios the tail current can be triggered twice (during and after a test clamp of suitable characteristics), becomes more inward with repeated clamps and becomes larger with larger or longer conditioning clamps. During the recovery from caffeine exposure, the tail current decreases gradually as Ios returns progressively. It is concluded that both Ios and tail current are caused by calcium overload but are affected in opposite direction by caffeine, apparently because caffeine decreases the calcium overload in the sarcoplasmic reticulum (abolition of Ios) and increases the calcium to be extruded from the sarcoplasm (increase in the tail current). PMID- 6529963 TI - Reconstitution of [3H]3-cyanoimipramine ([3H]Ro 11-2465) sites solubilised from human platelets. AB - [3H]3-Cyanoimipramine has been characterised as a pseudoirreversible ligand at imipramine binding sites making it useful for molecular characterisation studies. Using this ligand, I now report that it is possible to solubilise the binding site molecule with cholate. Gel permeation chromatography on a Sepharose 4B column equilibrated in 0.1% cholate revealed a micellar size of 4.1 nm. Subsequent removal of cholate (from an initial concentration of 2% to less than 0.02%) in the presence of Azolectin (soybean lipid extract) led to reconstituted material that could be retained on glass fibre filters. Electron microscopy revealed apparent micelles of approximately 1 micron diameter. Over 16% of the original, membrane-bound, binding sites were recovered in the reconstituted material along with a similar percentage of the protein. This reconstituted material was moderately stable for up to 3 days after its preparation. PMID- 6529964 TI - Anticonvulsant action of 2-amino-7-phosphonoheptanoic acid in the substantia nigra. AB - Focal injection of 2-amino-7-phosphonoheptanoic acid in the substantia nigra, pars reticulata or pars compacta, in rats produces a dose-dependent suppression of the tonic extensor seizure component in the electroshock test. Haloperidol pretreatment prevents stereotyped behaviour induced by 2-amino-7 phosphonoheptanoic acid, but does not change the effect on the electroshock test. This anticonvulsant effect of 2-amino-7-phosphonoheptanoic acid probably results from an antagonist action at a receptor site sensitive to N-methyl-D-aspartate leading to a decrease in activity in nigral efferent systems. PMID- 6529965 TI - Immediate vs. long-term desmethylimipramine or chlorimipramine: effects on regional cerebral blood flow. AB - The immediate vs. long-term effects of desmethylimipramine (DMI) or chlorimipramine (CMI) on cerebral blood flow (CBF) were determined in 17 rabbit brain regions using radioactively tagged microspheres (15 +/- 3 micron in diameter). A single administration of either drug did not alter average CBF or its regional distribution 1 h later. Desmethylimipramine, an agent which primarily blocks re-uptake in presynaptic noradrenergic neurons, significantly increased CBF when administered daily for 21 consecutive days. The regional effects of DMI were not restricted to those areas dense in noradrenergic receptors. Flow was significantly increased in the hypothalamus, olfactory cortex, globus pallidus-putamen and midbrain. These flow increases probably reflect integrated cerebral metabolic, synthetic and/or functional activity which were associated with altered receptor sensitivity and/or number, rather than a direct cerebral vasodilatory effect. In contrast, CMI, a tricyclic antidepressant which primarily blocks presynaptic re-uptake in serotonergic neurons, and produced sedation, had little effect on CBF when administered daily for 21 consecutive days. The immediate effects of these agents on presynaptic re-uptake was not associated with altered CBF. The long-term antidepressant activity of these two agents on receptor sensitivity was probably not correlated with CBF, as evidenced by the lack of effect which CMI had on this parameter. Rather, CBF response appears to be correlated with the therapeutic spectrum of DMI which increases psychomotor activity in retarded depression. PMID- 6529966 TI - Clozapine blocks disruptive and discriminative stimulus effects of quipazine. AB - Clozapine was tested in two serotonin-dependent behavioral measures. One group of rats was trained to discriminate the serotonin agonist, quipazine, from saline in a two-lever operant choice task. Pretreatment with clozapine completely blocked the discrimination of quipazine. Another group of rats was trained to bar press for milk on a variable interval schedule of reinforcement. Quipazine decreased the response rate in these animals and pretreatment with clozapine completely reversed this effect. Thus, clozapine acted as a serotonin antagonist in both measures of serotonin function. PMID- 6529967 TI - Buspirone increases locus coeruleus noradrenergic neuronal activity in vitro. AB - Buspirone, a non-benzodiazepine anxiolytic agent, produced dose-dependent increases in the activity of norepinephrine-containing locus coeruleus neurons recorded from mouse brain slices in vitro. The response was not changed in a low calcium/high magnesium incubation medium, indicating that the observed effects were the result of a direct action of buspirone on locus coeruleus neurons. These data suggest that noradrenergic neurons may not be as important in mediating anxiety states as previously suggested. PMID- 6529968 TI - Nerve growth factor induces plasma extravasation in rat skin. AB - The intradermal application of both mouse and bovine nerve growth factor induced dose-dependently increased vascular permeability as indicated by Evans blue extravasation. Plasma extravasation by nerve growth factor was markedly reduced by capsaicin pretreatment or a combination of H1- and H2-histamine antagonists. The finding that biologically inactive nerve growth factor failed to elicit protein leakage indicates that plasma extravasation by nerve growth factor is a characteristic of the biologically active molecule. PMID- 6529969 TI - Novel opioid peptides derived from human beta-casein: human beta-casomorphins. PMID- 6529970 TI - Inhibition of [3H]spiperone binding to 5-HT2 receptors of rat cerebral cortex by the calcium antagonists verapamil and D600. PMID- 6529971 TI - The effect of cisapride on neural 5-HT receptors in guinea-pig isolated ileum. PMID- 6529972 TI - Time-dependent effects of posttraining intrahippocampal injections of corticosterone on retention of appetitive learning tasks in mice. AB - In previous studies we suggested that corticosterone may modulate hippocampal functioning during memory formation. To test this assumption, we studied the effects of posttrial administration of corticosterone (1 microgram) injected bilaterally in the hippocampus. The treatment was applied at different time intervals after the learning session and the retention session took place 24 h later. Using appetitive operant conditioning tasks in a Skinner box, we found that the posttrial treatment 1) did not affect the retention of a continuously reinforced schedule, 2) improved the retention of a successive discrimination learning task, and 3) was still effective when given 3 h after the acquisition of this task, but not after 6 h. Taken together, the results suggest that corticosterone modulates the hippocampal mechanisms involved in behavioral suppression during memory formation. PMID- 6529973 TI - Activation mechanisms of human renal artery: effects of KCl, norepinephrine and nitrendipine upon tension development and 45Ca influx. AB - The activation of human vascular smooth muscle by KCl-induced depolarization or norepinephrine and the inhibition produced by nitrendipine were studied in the isolated human renal artery. The contractile response of arterial rings to 80 mM KCl was abolished when extracellular Ca2+ was removed, and was inhibited by nitrendipine (IC50 = 10(-8) M). In contrast, a residual, transient contractile response to norepinephrine remained when extracellular Ca2+ was removed and the norepinephrine-induced contractions obtained in the presence of extracellular Ca2+ were not blocked by nitrendipine. KCl caused a stimulation of 45Ca influx which was completely prevented by 10(-6) M nitrendipine. Norepinephrine also caused a stimulation of 45Ca influx; however, the norepinephrine-induced 45Ca influx was not prevented by 10(-6) M nitrendipine. These findings are consistent with the concept that depolarization-induced activation of the human renal artery is primarily dependent upon a stimulation of Ca2+ influx; whereas activation by norepinephrine involves the release of intracellular Ca2+ in addition to the activation of a separate, receptor-operated Ca2+ influx pathway. PMID- 6529974 TI - Differential effects on phrenic output of two dopamine agonists, apomorphine and bromocriptine. AB - Effects of dopamine agonists upon phrenic output were studied in decerebrate, vagotomized, paralyzed, carotid-body denervated dogs. Intravenous administration of dopamine was without effect in these dogs. Apomorphine (APO) increased phrenic minute activity while bromocriptine (BRO) decreased phrenic minute activity following intravenous injection at doses of 100 micrograms/kg for each drug. BRO induced decreases in phrenic minute activity were associated with decreases in phrenic amplitude; burst frequency remained unchanged. Conversely, APO-induced increases in phrenic minute activity resulted from significant increases in both frequency and amplitude. Both APO and BRO significantly prolonged inspiratory duration and shortened expiratory duration. Responses to APO and BRO were abolished with haloperidol. These results confirm previous evidence for the existence of dopaminergic receptors within the central nervous system, which are inaccessible to exogenous dopamine, and which can alter timing as well as amplitude characteristics of the integrated phrenic neurogram. Both excitation and inhibition of phrenic activity following administration of APO and BRO are mediated by mechanisms within or below the caudal brainstem. PMID- 6529975 TI - The effect of spontaneous seizures on pentylenetetrazole and maximum electroshock induced seizures in the Mongolian gerbil. AB - The seizure sensitive Mongolian gerbil, a genetic model of epilepsy, has been used to investigate the effects of prior spontaneous seizures on the threshold for pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) and maximum electroshock (MES) induced convulsions. In animals which had spontaneous epileptic seizures prior to testing the threshold for PTZ induced convulsions was raised compared to non-seized animals. This inhibitory effect of a spontaneous seizure was not observed for MES convulsions. Pretreatment with naltrexone, an opioid antagonist, attenuated the post-ictal inhibitory effect on PTZ induced convulsions. It is concluded that a spontaneous seizure in the epileptic gerbil leads to non-specific post-ictal inhibition of seizure sensitivity. Endogenous opioids may exert a modulatory action in mediating this phenomenon. PMID- 6529976 TI - Effect of steroids on the inhibition of platelet 5HT uptake by desipramine and other antidepressants. AB - The inhibitory effect of desipramine on platelet 5HT uptake was tested ex vivo and in vitro in control, adrenalectomised and triamcinolone-treated rats. In both situations, the inhibitory effect of desipramine was augmented in adrenalectomised rats and decreased in triamcinolone-treated rats. These changes in desipramine sensitivity were accompanied by changes in the uptake kinetic components, Km and Vmax. In in vitro studies, the IC50 of clomipramine, fluvoxamine, zimelidine, imipramine and nomifensine was decreased in adrenalectomised rat platelets and increased in corticosterone-, dexamethasone- or triamcinolone-treated rat platelets. Deoxycorticosterone had no effect. Testosterone only affected the IC50 of desipramine and nomifensine. PMID- 6529977 TI - Excitatory and inhibitory effects of 5-hydroxytryptamine in mesenteric arteries of spontaneously hypertensive rats. AB - Some of the presynaptic and postsynaptic excitatory and inhibitory actions of 5 hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) in the rat mesenteric arteries were reexamined with particular reference to the genetic hypertensive rat model. Mesenteric arteries were perfused and the perfusion pressure monitored in the presence or absence of 5-HT, norepinephrine or periarterial sympathetic nerve stimulation. The vasoconstrictor response to 5-HT was resistant to prazosin but effectively inhibited by cyproheptadine and ketanserin. The vasoconstrictor responses to norepinephrine and nerve stimulation were markedly potentiated by 5-HT, and this potentiation was blocked by ketanserin at concentrations which inhibited the 5-HT induced vasoconstriction, while much higher concentrations were required for cyproheptadine. No significant difference was found in these regards between mesenteric arteries from the spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and those from the normotensive Kyoto Wistar rats (WKY). 5-HT significantly increased the nerve stimulation-evoked 3H overflow in [3H]norepinephrine-treated mesenteric arteries of SHR, but reduced the 3H overflow in the WKY preparations. These results suggest that ketanserin-sensitive 5-HT2 receptors are involved in the potentiating effect of 5-HT in the rat mesenteric arteries, and that an increase in transmitter release by 5-HT may contribute to its potentiation of nerve stimulation-induced vasoconstriction in SHR. PMID- 6529978 TI - Comparison of the pharmacological actions of some new 4-aminopyridine derivatives. AB - The pharmacological actions of 2,4-diaminopyridine (2,4-DAP) and 3 [(dimethylamino)-carbonyl] amino 4-aminopyridine (LF-14) were examined and compared with those of 4-aminopyridine (4-AP) in anaesthetized rats and on isolated rat and guinea-pig tissues. Both compounds were more potent than 4-AP in reversing the neuromuscular block caused by pancuronium bromide. The ED50S of LF 14, 2,4-DAP and 4-AP were 100 micrograms/kg, 140 micrograms/kg and 450 micrograms/kg, respectively. LF-14 and 2,4-DAP were also more potent in their in vitro actions on the neuroeffector junctions in the ileum and the isolated heart. 2,4-DAP and LF-14 either did not facilitate or only slightly facilitated the recovery time from xylazine/ketamine anaesthesia which was used as a test for their central action; 4-AP significantly reduced the recovery time. We therefore conclude that both 2,4-DAP and LF-14 are stronger peripherally acting compounds with less central action, and that they may be possible replacements for 4-AP as antagonists of non-depolarizing muscle relaxants. PMID- 6529979 TI - In vivo effects of indomethacin and flurbiprofen on the locomotion of neutrophils elicited by immune and non-immune inflammation in the rat. AB - The in vivo effects of indomethacin (3 mg/kg) and flurbiprofen (1.5 mg/kg) were investigated on the development of three different pleural inflammations in the rat and on in vitro locomotion of elicited neutrophils (PMN). Indomethacin and flurbiprofen similarly reduced the development of non-immune pleurisy induced by decomplemented isologous rat serum (DIRS) to a similar degree but had no effect in the delayed hypersensitivity reaction (DHR) model. Flurbiprofen was less effective than indomethacin in the immediate hypersensitivity reaction (IHR) model. PMN elicited by the two immune reactions (IHR and DHR) displayed lower random and directed locomotion than DIRS-elicited PMN. Neither drug interfered with DIRS-elicited PMN locomotion. They inhibited both random migration and directed locomotion of unwashed PMN (i.e. suspended in their original exudate) elicited by IHR or DHR and stimulated by the peptide N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl phenylalanine (FMLP) or isologous rat serum (IRS). Locomotion of washed IHR elicited PMN stimulated with IRS was also inhibited by the two drugs. The data suggest that these drugs could impair PMN movement at inflammatory sites. PMID- 6529980 TI - Central actions of AD-1211, an analgesic lacking common opiate features. AB - The site of the analgesic action of AD-1211, the less active stereoisomer, and its pharmacological features were investigated. AD-1211, as well as pentazocine and morphine, blocked the reflex hypertension caused by injection of both bradykinin and bradykinin plus PGE1 into the splenic artery of dogs. In the rat or mouse writhing test, the analgesic activity of AD-1211 after intraperitoneal and intracisternal administration was equal to and more than 40 times, respectively, that after intravenous administration. The analgesic activity of AD 1211, unlike that of pentazocine and morphine, was incompletely reversed by naloxone and was not attenuated even by its repeated administration for 7 days in the mouse writhing and tail pressure test, respectively. AD-1211, unlike pentazocine and/or morphine, lacked some effects on central nervous, respiratory and cardiovascular function in conscious animals. These results demonstrate that AD-1211 produces its analgesic action through a central mechanism but lacks some of the common pharmacological actions shown by morphine-like analgesics. PMID- 6529981 TI - Cholinergic mechanism of acid secretion in the dog: an in vivo and in vitro comparison. AB - The effect of cholinergic stimulation on gastric acid secretion was examined in mongrel dogs using an in vivo and an in vitro preparation for comparison. The gastric fistula dog was used for the in vivo studies, and methacholine was infused directly into the artery supplying the fundus of the stomach to avoid systemic hemodynamic changes. Isolated parietal cells were used for the in vitro studies. In vivo, methacholine infused at 1 microgram/min was found to stimulate gastric acid secretion that was inhibited 98.5 +/- 1.4% by intravenously administered metiamide (H2 blocker) and 72 +/- 11% by intra-arterially administered glucagon. Glucagon had no effect on histamine stimulated acid secretion. In vitro, increasing concentrations of methacholine from 10(-7), 10( 6) to 10(-5) M stimulated [14C]aminopyrine uptake into parietal cells in a concentration dependent manner. This effect of methacholine was unaltered by 10( 4) M metiamide or 10(-6) M glucagon. However, atropine 10(-5) M totally blocked the stimulatory effect of methacholine. Our data suggest that the cholinergic mechanism of acid secretion is different when examined in vivo vs. in vitro even in the same species. In vivo histamine dependency has a major contribution to the cholinergic mechanism of acid secretion, whereas in vitro the interaction of the cholinergic agonist at the muscarinic receptor results in acid stimulation that does not require the presence of histamine. PMID- 6529982 TI - Supersensitivity to norepinephrine induced by prenatal exposure to ethanol. AB - Pregnant random bred mice were treated with ethanol (ETOH) (0.33 g/kg) for 1 or 2 days prior to parturition. When compared to saline controls, ETOH-treated adult males had vasa deferentia that were supersensitive to norepinephrine (NE). Tissues from mice prenatally treated for 1 day with ETOH showed a decreased response to electrical stimulation whereas vas deferens obtained from 2-day treated ethanol showed no significant difference in the response compared to that of controls. These findings indicate that prenatal exposure to ETOH can influence the subsequent sensitivity of the vas deferens to adrenergic stimulation. These changes appear to reflect effects of ETOH during critical periods. PMID- 6529983 TI - Rapid quantitation of cocaine and benzoylecgonine in urine by "on column" capillary gaschromatography after "Extrelut" extraction. PMID- 6529984 TI - Pharmacokinetics in man of glysolamide, a low-dose oral antidiabetic drug. PMID- 6529985 TI - General pharmacological investigations on bendazac lysine. PMID- 6529986 TI - [Derivatives of N-hydroxyfenfluramine and their anorectic activity]. AB - Some derivatives of N-hydroxyfenfluramine substituted at the oxygen atom with benzyl, N-methylcarbamoyl, aliphatic and aromatic acyl groups, were prepared and the anorectic activity was investigated in the rat in comparison with fenfluramine. The most interesting compound was N-(2,6 dimethoxybenzoyloxy)fenfluramine (XIV), which exhibited a LD50 about 5 times higher than that of fenfluramine and a remarkably delayed activity. PMID- 6529987 TI - Molecular conformation of N,N-dimethyl-4-amino-3-chloroangelicin C13H10O3NCl. AB - The title compound was characterized by X-ray diffraction analysis. The crystals belong to the triclinic system, space group P1, with four molecules in the unit cell having a = 16.344(5), b = 10.343(3), c = 7.283(2) A, alpha = 109.1(1), beta = 90.2(1), gamma = 94.2(1), dc = 1.51 Mgm-3. The structure was determined from 1945 intensity data with I greater than or equal to 3 sigma (I) collected on a Philips PW 1100 diffractometer and refined by full matrix least-squares to the final R values R = 0.046 and Rw = 0.046. The molecular conformation is close to that of angelicin, the additional methyl groups being sandwiched with respect to the molecular plane, in order to minimize their steric hindrance. The possible intercalation of the title compound inside DNA has been considered. PMID- 6529989 TI - [Hormone rhythm and biological clocks]. PMID- 6529988 TI - Quantitative structure-activity relationships in a set of antimuscarinic agents. AB - Quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSAR) have been formulated for the interactions of a set of antimuscarinic agents. The antagonistic activity is found to be dependent on hydrophobic-lipophilic character and steric requirements of substituents R1 and R2 in structures of type R1R2N--CH2--CH2--+NR3R4R5. Moreover, it is shown that the incumbrance of R3, R4 and R5 groups and their polar effects on the onium ending greatly affect the antagonistic activity. A binding model which suggests new avenues for exploration is presented. PMID- 6529990 TI - [Current status of the growth hormone therapy in dwarfism]. PMID- 6529991 TI - Nutrition and agricultural development: new frontiers. PMID- 6529992 TI - Nutritional improvement and the primary health care delivery system. PMID- 6529993 TI - Women, food and nutrition in Africa: perspective from Senegal. PMID- 6529994 TI - Women, food and nutrition in Africa: Economic change and the outlook for nutrition. PMID- 6529995 TI - Food battles: conflicts in the access to food. PMID- 6529996 TI - [Principles of systemic glucocorticoid therapy in dermatology]. PMID- 6529997 TI - [Penetration kinetics and effectiveness of urea in human skin following removal of the stratum corneum]. PMID- 6529998 TI - [Significance of punch biopsy in experiments and dermatologic practice]. PMID- 6529999 TI - [Eosinophilic fasciitis. 1. Clinical study]. PMID- 6530000 TI - [Eosinophilic fasciitis. 2. Clinical study]. PMID- 6530001 TI - [Examples of extensive dermatophytoses]. PMID- 6530002 TI - Abnormal concentration of stable HbA1 in non-diabetic patients. AB - To study its specificity for hyperglycemia, stable HbA1 was determined with ion exchange chromatography in 240 patients consecutively hospitalized in the department of internal medicine and in a non-diabetic reference population. Reference values were found to increase significantly with age in the age groups less than 30, 30-60, and greater than 60 years. 41 patients had stable HbA1 more than 2 SD above the mean of the reference group and random blood glucose less than 7 mmol/l, and 21 of these were classified as non-diabetics according to data in medical records. Four non-diabetic patients had stable HbA1 higher than + 4 SD. One of them had haemoglobinopathia, one severe anaemia under cortisone treatment, one cortisone treated myelomatosis with renal insufficiency and severe anaemia, and one patient had lymphoma and renal insufficiency. Nine patients had stable HbA1 between + 3 and 4 SD and diagnoses of coronary heart disease (4), rheumatoid arthritis (2), asthma (1), chronic renal failure (1) and malignant melanoma (1). Five of them were treated with cortisone or diuretics. Four patients had stable HbA1 slightly below the reference range. In summary marked elevation of stable HbA1 due to factors other than diabetes occurred in a few patients with haematological disorders. PMID- 6530003 TI - Haemoglobinopathies, malaria, and other interferences with HBA1 assessment. AB - Total glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1) was determined by a rapid minicolumn chromatography technique in 438 diabetic patients and correlated with the mean of fasting and post-prandial blood glucose values for the preceding six weeks. In 360 of them, free of congenital haemoglobinopathies and other detected causes of HbA1 mis-interpretation (reference group), a significant correlation was established between the HbA1 and glucose values: y = 0.54 X + 4.91; r = 791; (p less than 0.01). In 28 of the 29 patients with heterozygous haemoglobinopathies (Hb S = 17; Hb C = 8; Hb D Pundjab = 1; Hb E = 2) the apparent HbA1 values were inappropriately low. The apparent HbA1 value was above the 95% confidence limits in the 29th patient, with beta thalassaemia. In 10 out of 14 diabetics with recurrent hypoglycemic attacks, the HbA1 value was lower than the 95% confidence limits of expected values. Out of 21 diabetics with a shortened red cell lifespan (occult blood losses: 10; haemolysis: 11) 15 displayed a lower than expected HbA1 value. Among these was a diabetic patient with malaria and severe anaemia. Out of 14 diabetics with severe chronic renal failure only 3 presented with apparent HbA1 values above the 95% confidence limits. PMID- 6530004 TI - [Cerebral fatty acids. Synthesis in situ and food intake]. AB - The nervous tissue is extremely rich in lipids, including fatty acids. These lipids are the basis of all biological membranes. Each individual membrane in the brain is constituted with particular fatty acids, the nature of the fatty acids could be parallelled with a specific biological function. Brain is able to synthesise saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids of any chain length. Localisation, biochemical mechanisms and nature and site of regulations have been determined at the cellular and subcellular levels. However all non-essential fatty acids are not synthetized in the brain, but have nutritional origin (the blood and eventually the diet). The dietary origin of polyunsaturated fatty acids is essential, brain need important amount of w3 and w6 of fatty acids. The relative quantities of these fatty acids in the diet must be precisely defined by in vivo studies and cell culture. PMID- 6530005 TI - [Study of the occurrence of degenerative complications by the survival rate method]. PMID- 6530006 TI - [Non-significant therapeutic trials]. PMID- 6530008 TI - Lysosomal acid deoxyribonuclease from vervet monkey livers--II. Enzymic properties. AB - Primate liver lysosomal acid DNase is an endonucleolytic enzyme. The enzyme has both 3'- and 5'-nucleotidohydrolase activities. The oligonucleotides produced by DNase are polymers mainly about 30 mononucleotides long. The Arrhenius plot shows a discontinuity with a transition temperature at 47 degrees C, with an activation energy of 107 kJ/mol below and 67 kJ/mol above this temperature. The activation enthalpy is 104 kJ/mol and the entropy -0.498 kJ/mol/K. The enzyme is subject to substrate inhibition and the Km value is 159 X 10(-3) mM DNA-P. PMID- 6530007 TI - Lysosomal acid deoxyribonuclease from vervet monkey livers--I. Purification and physico-chemical characterization. AB - Acid DNase from monkey liver lysosomes was purified to homogeneity by salt extraction of lysosomal membranes at pH 3.8; (NH4)2SO4 fractionation; low salt precipitation; SP-C50 and G-150 Sephadex chromatography; and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The pH for optimum activity was dual in character with a labile optimum at pH 3.8 and a less active but stable one at pH 4.2. The estimated molecular weight was 40K and the pI was 4.4. Inorganic ions such as Ca2+, Mg2+, Mn2+ and SO2-4 were more than 80% inhibitory at 10-mM levels. Fe3+ ions were 80% inhibitory at 0.1-mM levels. NaCl at 100 mM is essential for activity but becomes 100% inhibitory above 200 mM. PMID- 6530009 TI - Intramitochondrial reductive carboxylation of 2-oxoglutarate in adipose tissue and its contribution to fatty acid synthesis. AB - The reductive carboxylation of 2-oxoglutarate was found to proceed in mitochondria of rat epididymal fat pads and rabbit perirenal adipose tissue at a rate similar to that in liver mitochondria. In rat fat pads the incorporation of 14C from [5-14C]2-oxoglutarate into fatty acids via the carboxylation was suppressed by butylmalonate by 30%. 2-Oxoglutarate and glutamate stimulated the incorporation into fatty acids of 14C from [2-14C]acetate in rat fat pads with the simultaneous reduction of tissue NADP. These effects persisted after inhibition of succinate dehydrogenase by malonate. It is concluded that in adipose tissue 2-oxoglutarate carboxylation proceeds in both the cytoplasm and mitochondria. Therefore, it can supply carbon atoms as well as NADPH for fatty acid synthesis. PMID- 6530010 TI - Oxidation of NADH via an "external" pathway in skeletal-muscle mitochondria and its possible role in the repayment of lactacid oxygen debt. AB - Mitochondria isolated from skeletal muscle of rat catalyse oxidation of the external NADH (in the presence of rotenone, antimycin A and cytochrome c) at a rate of 15 natoms O2/min/mg protein by a pathway sensitive to mersalyl. In a medium supplemented with commercial lactate dehydrogenase, or when mitochondria were incubated in the presence of a cytoplasm, the NADH oxidation could be arrested by pyruvate. The inhibitory effect of pyruvate could be released by lactate. In the presence of NAD and cytochrome c, the reconstructed system containing skeletal muscle mitochondria plus cytoplasmic fraction was active in oxidation of L-lactate despite of the presence of rotenone and antimycin A. The lactate oxidation was sensitive to mersalyl and cyanide. PMID- 6530011 TI - Essential tyrosyl residues of human placental alkaline phosphatase. AB - Human placental alkaline phosphatase was inactivated with tetranitromethane in a biphasic process. Spectral and amino acid analysis demonstrated that the inactivation was due to the conversion of tyrosine residues to 3-nitrotyrosine. The inactivation process showed saturation kinetics. Protection of the enzyme against tetranitromethane inactivation was afforded by inorganic phosphate. The binding affinity between the modified enzyme and inorganic phosphate was decreased. Our results suggest the involvement of tyrosyl residues in the locus of phosphoryl site of the phosphorylated enzyme forms. PMID- 6530012 TI - Chemical composition and solubility of human glomerular and tubular basement membranes of adult and senescent men. AB - The effect of aging on the composition of human renal basement membranes was studied in persons aged 22-90 years. The relative proportion of cortex in kidney appears to decrease with aging. Twenty pairs of GBM and TBM preparations were isolated using the detergent method. Protein content of the basement membrane preparations amounts to about 66% and is independent of type of membrane or age. Amino acid and carbohydrate analyses of both GBM and TBM revealed that the extents of hydroxylation of proline at the C4 position and of lysine decrease with aging. In the case of lysine this occurred from the seventh of life onwards. The decreases are probably not caused by a change of the collagen content. The extent of glycosylation of hydroxylysine is similar for all basement membrane preparations. An adapted protein assay is presented for solutions containing SDS and dithiothreitol. In the presence of these two compounds, solubility of GBM and TBM from adult and aged persons is similar and amounts to about 55 and 85% after 10 and 60 min, respectively, of heating at 95 degrees C. In SDS-polyacrylamide gels, no differences were observed for the major peptide bands between the preparations, irrespective of basement membrane type or age. PMID- 6530013 TI - Caprine mammary differentiation and initiation of lactation following prepartum colchicine infusion. AB - Milk from both colchicine-infused and uninfused udder halves had similar levels of somatic cells, serum albumin, pH, citrate, and lactose throughout the experimental period. Milk citrate and lactose concentrations gradually increased in both colchicine-infused and uninfused udder halves during early lactation while levels of somatic cells and serum albumin decreased as lactation progressed. No differences in parenchymal development or cytological differentiation were observed between colchicine-treated and untreated mammary tissue obtained prepartum, at parturition, or 7 days postpartum. Colchicine infused udder halves produced about 9% less milk than uninfused controls during the first 30 days of lactation. PMID- 6530014 TI - Bovine skeletal muscle adenosine deaminase. Purification and some properties. AB - A low molecular weight form of adenosine deaminase from bovine skeletal muscle was purified about 930-fold. The enzyme had a mol. wt of 31,000, a Km value for adenosine of 2.37 X 10(-5) M and a pH optimum at 7.0. This enzyme is very resistant to heat inactivation and does not require metal activators or other dialysable cofactors. A possible role in the post-mortem metabolism of adenine nucleotide in skeletal muscle is discussed. PMID- 6530015 TI - Kinin-converting aminopeptidase from human urine. Further purification and characterization through kinetic and inhibitory studies. AB - An aminopeptidase from human urine (HUA) able to hydrolyze L-aminoacyl-2 naphthylamides, L-Leu-p-nitroanilide and to convert both MLBK and LBK to BK has been further purified and characterized. The preparation now obtained showed a 3 fold higher specific activity than the previously described one and a single active protein band in 7% polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis accounting for 86% of total protein. Kinetic constants for this kinin-converting enzyme were determined using L-aminoacyl-2-naphthylamides, L-Leu-p-nitroanilide and LBK. The Km values for different naphthylamides were in the 10(-5) M range while that for L-Leu-p-nitroanilide was 3.6 X 10(-4) M. With LBK as substrate the aminopeptidase activity showed the highest catalytic efficiency in spite of a Km in the mM range. The enzyme was poorly inhibited by -SH and -S-S- group reagents. Some L aminoacids, as well as mono- and diamines, indomethacin, puromycin and bestatin were equipotent competitive inhibitors of both arylamidase and aminopeptidase activities. Results obtained in this paper are compatible with our conclusion that human urine, unlike other enzyme sources, contains only one aminopeptidase, and that this enzyme displays both arylamidase and kinin-converting activities. The enzyme's action may be important in the metabolism of kinins, yielding peptides which could interact with both B-1 and B-2 kinin receptors in the kidney. PMID- 6530016 TI - Multiple forms of chicken liver and hepatoma Mc-29 microsomal and plasma-membrane sialyl and fucosyltransferases. AB - Multiple forms of microsomal and plasma membrane sialyl and fucosyltransferases from chicken liver and transplantable hepatoma Mc-29 have been separated by means of isoelectric focusing. A net different pattern was distinguished between liver and hepatoma microsomal and plasma-membrane associated transferases. Microsomal sialyltransferase from hepatoma Mc-29 has typical forms with pI = 5.69, 7.43, 8.05 and 8.56, while in plasma membrane, enzymes with pI = 5.00 and 8.70 occur. The presence of 9 forms of fucosyltransferase within the pH range 3.46-9.57 for hepatoma microsomes and within pH 4.52-9.60 for plasma membranes was detected. Forms with pI 5.10, 5.75 and 7.87 could be considered specific for the hepatoma microsomal enzyme, and forms with pI 4.52, 4.85 and 5.20 for the plasma-membrane associated enzyme. PMID- 6530017 TI - Comparative study on fucosylation of chicken liver and virus-induced hepatoma Mc 29. AB - Comparative studies on fucoprotein metabolism of chicken liver and hepatoma Mc-29 have been carried out and the following parameters were determined: the incorporation rate of [14C]fucose into hepatoma and liver total tissue homogenate, acid-soluble and acid-insoluble fractions, acid-soluble nucleotide fraction and into plasma-membrane acid-precipitable fraction; the activity of microsomal and plasma-membrane fucosyltransferase; the electrophoretic pattern of hepatoma and liver plasma-membrane proteins and the incorporation of [14C]fucose into the glycoprotein fractions in both plasma-membrane preparations. It was found that the labelling of hepatoma tissue homogenate and plasma membranes was higher than that of the same liver preparations 3 hr after the [14C]fucose injection. This finding was supported by a considerably elevated hepatoma fucosyltransferase activity. The labelling rate of numerous fucoproteins from hepatoma plasma membranes was greatly increased and some of the individual glycoprotein bands were labelled to a higher extent compared with liver. The data presented show specific alterations of fucose and fucoprotein metabolism which could be considered as a characteristic feature of chicken viral-induced hepatoma Mc-29. PMID- 6530018 TI - Microtubule assembly in rat brain extracts. Further characterization of the effects of zinc on assembly and cold stability. AB - Microtubule assembly has been studied turbidometrically in supernatant fluids prepared from rat brain by high-speed centrifugation. It was confirmed that assembly occurred in the absence of added GTP. Zinc ions (500 microM, but in the presence of 1 mM EGTA) stimulated assembly under these conditions. Zinc stimulated assembly produced microtubules with normal characteristics, as judged by electron microscopy, SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and inhibition of assembly by fructose-6-phosphate or colchicine. However, microtubules formed in the presence of such zinc concentrations were more stable to cold than controls, although the rate constant for the disassembly reaction was unchanged. Neither the stimulation of assembly by zinc nor the effect on cold stability was affected by trifluoperazine suggesting that a calmodulin-related mechanism is not involved. Microtubule "seeds" had little effect in the presence of zinc, suggesting that it may be acting on the nucleation phase of the assembly reaction. This was supported by the findings that zinc reduced the critical concentration of brain supernatant necessary for assembly and that zinc did not affect the rate constant for assembly. The results suggest zinc can in some way stabilize microtubules; possible mechanisms are discussed. PMID- 6530019 TI - Acetylation of polyamines in chicken brain and retina. AB - Both spermidine and spermine are acetylated in chicken brain and retina. From spermidine, more N1-acetylspermidine than N8-acetylspermidine is formed by both the brain and the retinal cytosol. Km for spermidine is similar with the enzyme preparation of the two tissues, but that for spermine is lower with the retinal preparation. Both tissues contain an activity able to reduce spermidine acetyltransferase activity. Both alkaline phosphatase and cAMP-dependent protein kinase (catalytic subunit) are able to inactivate the spermidine acetyltransferase activity of both tissues. Spermidine acetyltransferase activity and polyamine levels have been measured in both brain and retina during embryonic life. Only in the last part of the development can enzyme activity be correlated with the retina spermidine and spermine concentration. PMID- 6530020 TI - Heterogeneity of serum lipoproteins during the fetal and neonatal development of the pig. AB - Serum lipoproteins from fetal, neonatal and adult pigs were characterized with the use of lipid analysis, polyacrylamide gradient gel electrophoresis, two dimensional immunoelectrophoresis and zonal ultracentrifugation. Almost all serum cholesterol was found in LDL during the early stages of fetal development, while low but increasing levels appeared in the fetal pig HDL by the end of the gestation period. In the fetal pig, most of the serum triglycerides could be found in the HDL fraction. After the start of suckling, the levels of serum triglycerides and cholesterol increased. Most of these exogenous lipids were found in the chylomicrons + VLDL + LDL fraction of the newborn pig serum. The molecular weights of the native serum lipoproteins were calculated as being 2.0 2.4 X 10(5) daltons for newborn pig HDL and 1.4-1.7 X 10(6) daltons for newborn pig LDL. Minor changes in the molecular weight distributions were detected within these ranges for both HDL and LDL during fetal and neonatal development of the pig. Zonal ultracentrifugation of neonatal pig serum partly separated the LDL into three subfractions, whereas neonatal HDL appeared as one broad fraction. PMID- 6530021 TI - Effect of nucleotides on the incorporation of myo-inositol into phosphatidylinositol in rat liver microsomes. AB - In rat liver microsomes the incorporation of inositol in the presence of Mn2+ was stimulated by cytidine nucleotides, whereas it was inhibited by other nucleotides. At low concentrations of CMP, AMP and other nucleotides stimulated inositol incorporation. No such effect was observed when the concentration of CMP was 2 mM or higher. It was found that an appreciable hydrolysis of CMP to cytidine and inorganic phosphate occurred during incubation with microsomes in the presence of Mg2+ or Mn2+. AMP was hydrolysed at a comparable rate. The activatory effect of AMP and other nucleotides on the CMP-dependent incorporation of inositol could be ascribed to protecting CMP against hydrolysis. PMID- 6530022 TI - Kinetic mechanism of arginyl-tRNA synthetase from human placenta. AB - Like arginyl-tRNA synthetases from other organisms, human placental arginyl-tRNA synthetase catalyzes the arginine-dependent ATP-PPi exchange reaction only in the presence of tRNA. We have investigated the order of substrate addition and product release of this human enzyme in the tRNA aminoacylation reaction by using initial velocity experiments and dead-end product inhibition studies. The kinetic patterns obtained are consistent with a random Ter Ter sequential mechanism, instead of the common Bi Uni Uni Bi ping-pong mechanism for all other human aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases so far investigated in this respect. PMID- 6530023 TI - Ca2+-dependent stimulation of muscle and liver phosphorylase kinase by heparin. AB - Heparin stimulates the activity of nonactivated and activated skeletal muscle phosphorylase kinase in a Ca2+-dependent manner. The stimulatory effect of heparin on the activity of nonactivated phosphorylase kinase is also expressed in the presence of calmodulin and glycogen. Heparin acted in synergism with glycogen. Heparin increases the affinity of phosphorylase kinase to Ca2+ 5-12 fold depending upon the activation conditions. Ca2+ influences the stimulation of liver phosphorylase kinase by heparin in a similar way. PMID- 6530024 TI - A fluorimetric study of the lanthanides binding to concanavalin A. AB - The binding of Tb3+ and other lanthanides to Con A has been studied by sensitized Tb3+ luminescence, by quenching of intrinsic fluorescence and by activity measurements. In all the experimental conditions tested, it was found that holo and apo Con A bind lanthanide ions at a site different from the binding sites of the constitutive metals, Mn2+ and Ca2+. The bound lanthanide did not affect the saccharide binding ability and the hemoagglutinating ability of Con A. The intrinsic fluorescence of Con A is quenched by the binding of Tb3+ and Gd3+. The same quenching is obtained by shifting the pH of Con A from pH 6.5 to 4.5. It is proposed that H+ and Ln3+ completely quench a tryptophan, perhaps the residue 88 or 182. PMID- 6530025 TI - Stimulation of RNA polymerases I and II from mouse L1210 leukemia and Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells by spermine and spermidine and its modification by ammonium sulfate. AB - Nuclear RNA polymerases from murine L1210 leukemia and Ehrlich carcinoma cells were stimulated more effectively by spermine than by spermidine. Optimal stimulatory concentrations of spermine and spermidine for Ehrlich polymerases Ia and Ib decreased to physiological values and maximal stimulation increased as the concentration of (NH4)2SO4 was reduced from 0.08 to 0 M. In the presence of 0.062 0.074 M (NH4)2SO4 L1210 polymerases Ia, IIa and IIb were stimulated significantly by both polyamines, whereas, at (NH4)2SO4 concentrations of 0.11-0.17 M, stimulation was suppressed and high concentrations of the polyamines were inhibitory. Similarly, stimulation of Ehrlich solubilized polymerase by polyamines was inhibited by 0.064 M (NH4)2SO4. PMID- 6530026 TI - Towards an automated two-dimensional gel analysis system. PMID- 6530027 TI - Computer graphics in the study of drug-nucleic acid interactions. PMID- 6530028 TI - The EMBL nucleotide sequence data library. PMID- 6530029 TI - DNA sequence analysis and the computer. PMID- 6530031 TI - Competition between plasmid-positive and plasmid-negative cells. PMID- 6530030 TI - Redox interactions in mixed cultures. PMID- 6530032 TI - Biochemistry of cellulose breakdown by mixed cultures. PMID- 6530033 TI - Biochemistry of methanogenesis by mixed cultures. PMID- 6530034 TI - Xenobiotic breakdown by mixed cultures. PMID- 6530035 TI - Mixed cultures in the manufacture of cheese. PMID- 6530036 TI - Metabolic consequences of genetic defects in lysosomes. PMID- 6530037 TI - Penetration of small molecules across the lysosome membrane: the 'classical' view. PMID- 6530038 TI - Modes of access of macromolecules to the lysosomal interior. PMID- 6530040 TI - Analysis of microsomal polypeptides involved in the co-translational translocation of secretory proteins. PMID- 6530039 TI - Drug targeting to lysosomes. PMID- 6530041 TI - Processed and non-processed forms of procollagens. PMID- 6530042 TI - Protein disulphide-isomerase and the formation of native disulphide bonds. PMID- 6530043 TI - Mechanisms of the regulation of myofibrillar function in vascular smooth muscle. PMID- 6530044 TI - Exocytosis involves highly localized membrane fusions. PMID- 6530045 TI - Processing of secretory proteins. PMID- 6530046 TI - Substrate selection and processing in endocytosis. PMID- 6530047 TI - The work of the microcomputer. PMID- 6530048 TI - A low-cost chromatograph data-collection system. AB - A data collection system has been constructed, based on the low-cost BBC microcomputer, which provides for the digitization and storage of the data from one or more g.l.c. or h.p.l.c. instruments, or from other data sources with similar data rates. The data can be observed during collection on the graphics screen, and are then stored on disk for subsequent processing. This processing is designed to be interactive, so that the operator can influence decisions about base-line drifts, peak separations, etc. when integrating the peaks, and can decide which peaks are to be stored in a time/intensity record, on the basis of a visual display of the trace. A low cost multi-channel precision ADC, using isolated voltage-to-frequency transducers sited at the sources of data, and multiple counters at the computer, may be used to measure several signals simultaneously even when they originate at some distance from the computer, and extra memory can also be added to the BBC microcomputer to allow temporary storage of data. The software is written in machine code (for the data collection) and BASIC (for the analysis routines) so that modifications to the latter routines can be made easily. The user interface is suitable for routine users who have no computing experience. PMID- 6530049 TI - The role of the microcomputer in the computing facilities of a large research establishment. PMID- 6530050 TI - Perinatal assessment of glycaemic control in newborn infants of diabetic mothers. AB - The glycaemic control of infants and of their mothers was studied at delivery and on day 7 after birth in 11 control and 20 insulin-dependent diabetic women. At delivery, venous blood glucose was lower in infants of diabetic mothers compared with control infants (p less than 0.02). Seven days after birth, no significant difference in blood glucose could be found between control and infants of diabetic mothers. C-peptide levels were higher in infants of diabetic mothers compared with control infants (p less than 0.01). On day 7 after birth, the C peptide levels remained higher only in infants of Class B, C, D diabetic mothers. Glycosylated haemoglobin was lower in the venous blood of infants than of their mothers (p less than 0.001). Glycosylated haemoglobin was lower in control mothers than in diabetic mothers (p less than 0.05), but it was higher in the venous blood samples from control infants compared with infants of diabetic mothers at delivery (p less than 0.05) and 7 days after (p less than 0.01). At delivery infants' glycaemia and infants' glycosylated haemoglobin correlated (r = 0.44, p less than 0.02). C-Peptide and glycosylated haemoglobin levels in infants at delivery also correlated (r = -0.42, p less than 0.05). PMID- 6530051 TI - Blood flow patterns in painful diabetic neuropathy. AB - Peripheral blood flow is known to be qualitatively increased in diabetic patients with neuropathy. We have measured the actual blood flow in the feet of diabetic patients with neuropathy using non-invasive mercury strain gauge plethysmography and Doppler sonogram techniques and shown that it is increased on average five times above normal at an ambient temperature of 20 degrees-22 degrees C. Moreover, reduction of this high flow by sympathetic arousal stimuli proved possible in those with severe painful neuropathy contrasting strongly with failure to reverse it in those with severe non-painful sensory neuropathy. Reduction of blood flow was associated with reduction in neuropathic pain. We studied 22 diabetic patients with severe sensory neuropathy and eight with painful neuropathy. High resting foot blood flows were demonstrated in both groups with neuropathy. The big toe flow in those with severe sensory neuropathy was 29.3 +/- 9.2 ml X min-1. 100 ml-1 (mean +/- SD) and in the painful neuropathy group, 25.9 +/- 7.5, compared with 5.2 +/- 2.4 ml X min-1 X 100 ml-1 in the non diabetic control subjects (p less than 0.001). High foot skin temperatures were also recorded in the groups with neuropathy, reflecting the high blood flow. The subjects with painful neuropathy retained the ability to constrict peripheral blood vessels in response to arousal stimuli, and reduce peripheral flow on average by 32% compared with the patients with sensory neuropathy who responded on average by only 10%. The demonstration of a peripheral sympathetic defect, responsible for the high blood flow and the potential reversal of such flow in painful neuropathy may be important in our further understanding of the aetiology of such pain and its treatment. PMID- 6530052 TI - Clinical macrovascular disease in Caucasoid diabetic subjects: logistic regression analysis of risk variables. AB - A cross-sectional study of 1084 Caucasoid diabetic subjects in rural Western Australia revealed a high rate of clinical macrovascular disease (46%), including coronary heart disease (13%), stroke (8%), and peripheral vascular disease (38%). Age was the major time-related variable for total macrovascular disease and for peripheral vascular disease, with identical prevalence rates in Type 1 (insulin dependent) and Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes when age was taken into account. In 179 Type 1 diabetic subjects, logistic regression analysis showed no associated risk factors other than age. In 905 Type 2 diabetic subjects the independent risk factors for total macrovascular disease, identified by a forward step-wise selection procedure, were age as the major contributor, with plasma creatinine levels and plasma glucose levels (all p less than 0.001), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, serum total cholesterol levels, and the (supine erect) systolic blood pressure difference (all p less than 0.05). There were no direct associations with percentage desirable weight, cigarette smoking or male sex. Type 2 diabetic subjects demonstrated a very strong negative association between high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and coronary heart disease, and significant associations were found also between plasma glucose levels and coronary heart disease (p less than 0.01), and glycosylated haemoglobin levels and peripheral vascular disease (p less than 0.001). PMID- 6530053 TI - Physical activity and prevalence of diabetes in Melanesian and Indian men in Fiji. AB - In Fiji Melanesian and Indian men, prevalence of diabetes is more than twice as high in those graded as sedentary or undertaking light activity as in those classed as performing moderate or heavy exercise. This difference was present in both ethnic groups, and maintained when age, obesity, and urban/rural- status were taken into account. It is concluded that, in the population under study, there is epidemiological evidence for the role of physical inactivity as an independent risk factor for Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes. PMID- 6530054 TI - Haemoglobinopathies: a pitfall in the assessment of glycosylated haemoglobin by ion-exchange chromatography. AB - Total glycosylated haemoglobin was determined by a minicolumn ion-exchange chromatography technique (Bio-Rad) and correlated with the mean of fasting and post-prandial blood glucose values for the preceding 6 weeks. In 360 diabetic subjects, free of congenital haemoglobinopathies and other detected causes of haemoglobin A1 misinterpretation (reference diabetic group), a highly significant correlation was established between haemoglobin A1 and glucose (y = 0.54 X +4.91; r = 0.791; p less than 0.01). In 28 of the 29 patients with heterozygous haemoglobinopathies (HbS, C, D, E), the apparent haemoglobin A1 values were lower than expected according to the 95% confidence limits of the diabetic reference group. The apparent haemoglobin A1 value was above these limits in patient 29, with beta thalassaemia. Patients with inappropriate glycosylated haemoglobin values should be investigated for causes of haemoglobin A1 misinterpretation, in particular, haemoglobinopathies. PMID- 6530055 TI - Promotion of spontaneous diabetes in non-obese diabetes-prone mice by cyclophosphamide. AB - Cyclophosphamide promoted the onset of overt diabetes in non-obese diabetes-prone mice of both sexes. Two injections of this agent at 2 weeks apart were necessary to obtain a constant high incidence, although even a single injection was effective in some animals. Clinical symptoms of the cyclophosphamide-induced diabetes were similar to those of the naturally occurring type. The same schedule of cyclophosphamide treatment failed to induce diabetes in non-diabetic mouse strains, such as DS/Shi,Jcl:ICR or in non-obese non-diabetes-prone mice, which suggests that the promotion of diabetes by cyclophosphamide in non-obese diabetes prone mice is not due to the simple pharmacological action of this agent but to some immunopharmacological action. PMID- 6530056 TI - Chylomicron apolipoprotein B catabolism. PMID- 6530057 TI - Written simulation of patient-doctor encounters. 1. Research instrument for registration of the performance of general practitioners. AB - A written simulation of patient-doctor encounters is described, involving five patients with vague complaints, an 'instruction' patient with sinusitis and a 'test' patient with acute appendicitis. Nineteen general practitioners were confronted with it. The extent to which the simulation distorted reality and the implications of such distortions were considered in an attempt to assess the content validity. The conclusion was that the simulation gave a realistic impression of the general practitioners' diagnostic and therapeutic approach to patients with vague complaints. The searching procedures in relation to the complaint and the patient's perception of the complaint were adequately depicted, and the therapeutic procedures approximated closely to reality. There was some distortion in the attention paid to psychosocial aspects as these were given more attention in the simulation than they receive in reality. PMID- 6530058 TI - Written simulation of patient-doctor encounters. 2. Assessment of the performance of general practitioners. AB - Two rating procedures were used to judge the performance of 19 general practitioners confronted with a written simulation of patient-doctor encounters. The simulation comprised five patients with vague complaints. A group of three 'expert' general practitioners judged the attention that the doctors paid to somatic aspects or to causes of the complaints. A second group of 18 experts judged the extent to which the therapeutic procedures of the general practitioners might induce a risk of unnecessary harm to the patient. Both rating procedures were shown to be reliable for three of the five simulated patients. A weak correlation between these issues was established for these three patients. The problems of judging the behaviour of the practitioners with the other two patients are discussed. The performance of the general practitioners was relatively constant. Variability between individuals substantially exceeded variability within an individual with respect to the attention given to somatic aspects, but these variabilities were roughly equal with respect to the risk of causing unnecessary harm. PMID- 6530059 TI - Changing models: the impact of Kuhn's theory on medicine. PMID- 6530060 TI - Patient characteristics which are related to the doctor-patient interaction. AB - Audiotapes were made of 140 visits to the offices of family physicians by patients with acute or chronic problems. The tapes were analysed using Bales Interaction Process Analysis to identify interviews which were patient-centred: interviews in which the physician was supportive and encouraged the patient to express himself and in which the patient did express himself and offer suggestions. Instructions about medication were also classified. Four patient factors--age, sex, marital status, level of education--were noted and the relationship between these factors and the nature of the doctor-patient interaction was assessed. Physicians were more likely to ask elderly patients about their drug-taking in the past, but showed less positive rapport towards them. Older patients were more likely to express antagonistic feelings. Female patients expressed feelings while male patients more often presented facts. The physicians actively encouraged such behaviour by expressing themselves more openly with female patients and asking them for expression of feelings. Patients of different educational levels experienced different interviews; the physicians were more likely to appeal to the intellect of a university-educated patient by justifying the drug regimen while offering emotional support to patients with a lower level of education. PMID- 6530061 TI - Contraception and religiousness in a general practice population in Israel. AB - One hundred and seventy-three Jewish women of child-bearing age attending their family doctor were asked about their contraceptive practices and attitudes. Medical means of contraception were used by 42% of the women and coitus interruptus by 44%. Although coitus interruptus is prohibited by Jewish ritual law, its use in fact applies to all age groups of women, irrespective of religiousness or family size. The small group of contraceptive pill users (17%) were younger, had smaller families and expressed a greater readiness to consider abortion in case of accidental pregnancy than the rest of the sample. They were less observant of the religious laws and might be described as 'modern' compared with the larger group of 'traditional' women. The latter preferred the intrauterine device and had larger families, but would not consider abortion, which is forbidden by Jewish law in most cases. The evidence demonstrated that the mainly traditional patients do not conform to the pattern of behaviour prescribed by their religion as closely as expected. As a result of this survey the authors are actively advocating the intrauterine device as a more effective, acceptable alternative to coitus interruptus. PMID- 6530062 TI - Do interpreters affect consultations? AB - Mass migration leads to problems with language and cultural integration and has significant medical implications. The effect of interpreters on the diagnosis of mental diseases and ill-defined conditions was investigated in the primary care department of the Riyadh Al Kharj Hospital Programme, Saudi Arabia. Two groups of general practitioners working in the same health centre with the same patients were compared--10 Arabic-speaking and 10 non-Arabic-speaking. No differences in diagnosis were found that could be attributed to the use of interpreters, although there was a significant difference between experienced and less experienced doctors. The reasons for this finding are discussed, along with suggestions for the organization of an interpreting service. PMID- 6530063 TI - A resource centre for practice based research. AB - Academic family medicine units can provide an important service to practice-based researchers. A pilot programme was set up to test the feasibility of a practice based Research Resource Centre in the Duke-Watts Family Medicine Program to provide support and expertise to practitioners who wish to carry out research projects in their practices. Physicians gained research experience and knowledge while actually performing the research in their own practice settings. They were able to proceed with projects at their own pace and use our resources as needed. At the same time, the interest and availability of our staff provided them with the necessary momentum to see their projects to completion. PMID- 6530064 TI - Family determinants of disease. I. General principles and concepts. PMID- 6530065 TI - Symptoms of patients and escorts in a primary care department in Saudi Arabia. AB - In a survey of symptoms experienced by 1000 patients and 1000 patient escorts attending a primary care department in Saudi Arabia, pain was found to be the most frequent cause of a medical consultation. Abdominal pain was the symptom most frequently presented by patients, and the third most frequent symptom experienced by escorts of patients. Thirty-two per cent of escorts of patients had experienced symptoms of illness over the previous three days and 11% had consulted a doctor. Patients presented with an average of three symptoms each and 91% of patients were able to identify the most important symptom triggering a consultation. This was not always the first symptom presented. The nature of symptoms experienced by both patients and patient escorts was found to influence the action they took. The possibility of patients presenting abdominal pain as a symptom signaling problems-of-living was raised. PMID- 6530066 TI - Psychotropic drug prescribing in an Australian general practice. AB - Information about psychotropic drug prescribing in one general practice was compared with overall information about such prescribing in Australia. Over the period 1978-81 there was a significant reduction in the number of prescriptions issued for psychotropic drugs. Prescriptions for hypnotics, sedatives and minor tranquilizers were more common than those for antidepressants or major tranquilizers. The indications for prescribing were distributed equally among three groups of conditions: psychological disorders, sleep problems and physical diseases. Patients for whom psychotropic drugs were prescribed had a greater overall morbidity and used medical care services more than other patients. Only 9% of patients in 1981 were issued with a prescription for one of the four most commonly prescribed psychotropic drugs. A relatively small proportion of patients, most of them elderly women, received the largest proportion of the prescriptions. PMID- 6530067 TI - Beliefs of Orthodox Jewish girls about menstruation. AB - A questionnaire about attitudes and beliefs concerning menstruation was answered by 281 pupils at a boarding school for Orthodox Jewish girls in Israel. Nearly 90% of the girls expected to experience pain with their periods. Half the girls thought they could not go swimming during their periods. In connection with religious beliefs, several girls thought they could not prepare food or wine during their period, 27% thought they could not handle holy books or go to a cemetery, 9% thought that they could not go to the synagogue. Attitudes of the Orthodox Jewish religion to menstruation are discussed, along with the importance of recognizing cultural differences in the school and the surgery. PMID- 6530068 TI - Learning by contract in family medicine training. AB - The Family Medicine Programme (FMP) of the Royal Australian College of General Practitioners is a national programme of vocational training for general/family practice. In 1981 the decision was made to adopt 'learning by contract' as an educational method leading to the certification of training. This paper describes the educational philosophy of the FMP and its importance in this decision. The experience of the authors in the implementation of learning by contract is also described. PMID- 6530069 TI - World population, the present and the future. PMID- 6530070 TI - Making the best of breast feeding. AB - The practice of breast feeding has declined throughout the world, at first in the developed countries and now also in the developing countries. Although there is some return to breast feeding in industrialized countries, it is mostly by the privileged and better educated women. This article discusses the importance of breast feeding: protection of children from infection and allergy; increase of the interval between births; inadequate safeguards to the marketing of breast milk substitutes, particularly in developing countries. The factors which contribute to successful breast feeding are reviewed: self confidence and good emotional and social support; unscheduled and frequent feeding; education and promotion of the benefits of breast feeding, at national and local level, with health workers and lay organizations working together. PMID- 6530071 TI - Patients attending an accident and emergency department for primary medical care. AB - An increasing number of people seek primary care at casualty or accident and emergency departments of hospitals. A questionnaire was completed by patients attending for primary care at an Australian hospital. The study aimed to determine why patients chose the hospital for their medical care, whether patients triaged to the Primary Care Unit differed from patients triaged to the Casualty section of the Accident and Emergency Department, and whether the characteristics of patients attending at daytime differed from those attending out of hours. There were no significant differences between daytime and out-of hours attenders according to sex or whether born in Australia or not. More children presented at night or at the weekend; more older people presented by day. There were more single, divorced, separated and widowed patients among the daytime attenders. Daytime attenders had significantly lower incomes than out-of hours attenders, were less likely to have a local general practitioner or full health insurance: most had a health care card and cost may have been a factor in their attendance. Out-of-hours attenders who had a local general practitioner appeared to be unaware of any deputizing services or had rejected them in favour of the hospital service. PMID- 6530072 TI - The pitfalls of the denominator: towards an accurate estimation of a population at risk. AB - Observations in epidemiological, operational or sociomedical research often need to be related to a denominator to obtain a measure of rate. Defining the denominator for a particular population at risk is a difficult task. The basis of this study was a census track study combined with a survey questionnaire which included every household in a part of Nes municipality, in Norway. This meant it was possible to define the population at risk nearly perfectly. The results were compared with official records and the records of general practitioners. Some of the pitfalls in deciding on the population at risk are discussed: the newborn and the dead, the migrants, the institutionalized, the incomplete census tract, patients in contact with other physicians, the non-attenders, including 'the forgotten'. Eight different approaches to the estimation of the denominator are briefly commented on. PMID- 6530073 TI - Problem solving styles of general practitioners in simulated clinical situations. AB - Self-assessments were received from 210 general practitioners responding to a series of six patients management problems published in a Norwegian medical journal. The physicians were invited to give their ratings on a five-point rating scale for 21 to 24 statements relating to each of the six case histories. From these ratings an answer index was prepared which measured the degree of decisiveness for each individual physician. The responding physicians showed great variations in their problem solving styles. Physicians with a high degree of decisiveness in their problem solving styles had significantly longer experience as general practitioners, were older and were more likely to work in single-handed practices rather than group or partnership practices. Sex, practice economy and work load were some of the variables not related to the observed differences in problem solving styles. PMID- 6530074 TI - Perspectives on health economics. 1. An introduction to economics in health care. PMID- 6530075 TI - Health services in the United Kingdom: trends in provision and utilization 1971 80. PMID- 6530076 TI - The Bridgewater family project: urban isolation and health. AB - The establishment of a health centre linked to the University of Tasmania in a new housing estate in an outer suburb of Hobart presented a unique opportunity to study the health and illness of the community. A representative group of 200 families was interviewed personally about their family structure, health, illness and lifestyles. The sample of families selected corresponded well to the total population when compared with information from census data. This paper describes the objectives of the Bridgewater family project and the preliminary results that have identified separate groups of patients for closer study. Single-parent families made up 23% of the sample; only 9% of the single mothers were working. One-quarter of the men were unemployed and 14% admitted that they had been in trouble with the police. One-third of the fathers and 22% of the mothers smoked more than 25 cigarettes per day. One-third of the men drank more than 100 g of alcohol per day (the proportion of women was much smaller). These groups of patients are considered to be at risk to their health. As part of the larger study, the medical records of those who attended the local health centre were concurrently analysed to assess the morbidity of the family members and this information will be the subject of a further report. PMID- 6530077 TI - Factors affecting primary health care utilization. AB - Using a one-stage random probability sample of households, 5806 people in an area of Norway were interviewed about illness, use of medicines, self-treatment and visits to the doctor in the previous two weeks. Several social and demographic variables that might influence primary health care utilization were divided into five categories: need of medical care; self-care; availability of the doctor; sociodemographic factors; social network factors. Multiple classification analysis was used for the statistical analysis. The greatest influence on the percentage of people seeing the doctor was the need for medical care, the second largest influence was self-care. The availability of the doctor had a different effect according to whether the illness was chronic or non-chronic. Difficulties in reaching the doctor reduced the number of consultations for non-chronic diseases while the opposite was the case for chronic diseases. Among the sociodemographic variables neither level of education nor income had any influence on utilization when other variables were taken into account. Increasing age, however, caused a large increase in the percentage seeing the doctor, except after the age of 85 years when there was a large drop in consultation rate despite increasing illness. Social network factors had little effect on health care utilization. PMID- 6530078 TI - Chronic illness in a general practice. AB - A study of chronic problems among 11416 patients in a metropolitan group practice in Australia is reported. The study was designed to ascertain the significance of chronic problems in the community by determining prevalence rates for the practice population. The data were obtained from the practice records. Chronic problems had been defined and recorded by the practice doctors for a period of five years. There were 296 separate problems which were divided into organic, psychosocial, or undifferentiated types. Half of the patients had chronic problems. The incidence of chronic problems increased with age but was highest in the 20-30 years and 50-60 years age groups. There was an average of 2.32 problems per patient. Females had problems more often than males and also a greater number of problems, particularly of a psychosocial nature (1.9:1). Prevalence rates for the 50 most common problems are listed. It was concluded that chronic health problems are significant in all age groups and that general practice has a most important role in the provision of continuing care for these patients. PMID- 6530079 TI - Audit on hypertension management in general practice. AB - The case records of an urban teaching practice in Britain were studied to assess the performance of the practice in the detection and management of hypertension. The prevalence of hypertension among adults was 9%. The original diagnosis of hypertension was made by the patients' own general practitioner in two-thirds of patients. Evidence of adequate monitoring of treatment and follow-up by general practitioners was seen in only one-third of patients with hypertension. The effect of these findings on the subsequent performance of the practice is discussed. PMID- 6530080 TI - Efficacy of a district nurse programme in the follow-up of hypertensives. AB - A two-year single-group study in primary health care of 223 hypertensive patients with blood pressure under satisfactory control was performed. The study investigated whether the patients could be referred to district nurses for follow up, between visits to district physicians, without risking loss of control over their blood pressure. The initial attendance rate at the nurses was high (78-92%) but the tendency to continue the follow-up was lower (36-51%). Lack of information was the major reason for patients who discontinued the follow-up without acceptable reasons. Most non-attenders had concomitant chronic diseases and visited the health care centre because of these. About 90% of all patients returned to the district physicians as scheduled. Most attenders maintained their goal of treatment during the study. It is suggested that hypertensives above the age of 50 years whose blood pressure is under satisfactory control and who do not require regular visits to the health care centre for other chronic diseases may be referred to district nurses for follow-up without risking loss of control over their blood pressure. PMID- 6530082 TI - The influence of trainers on trainees in general practice. PMID- 6530081 TI - Workload involved in routine breast examination and instruction in breast self examination in the primary care clinic. AB - This study evaluates the impact of breast examinations and instruction in breast self-examination as a routine for women aged 30 years and over on the workload in a primary care clinic of the Workers' Sick Fund (Kupat Holim) in Israel. It covers a three-year period from 1977 to 1980. Clinic sessions of four hours duration with an average of 21 patients each were held five times a week. Women who were considered high risk for breast cancer were to be examined twice a year, low risk women once a year. A first breast examination with instruction required on average 10 minutes, a subsequent examination seven minutes. A total of 696 breast examinations were performed, averaging 1.2 breast examinations per clinic session. This resulted in a maximum extra workload of 12 minutes per clinic session of four hours. PMID- 6530083 TI - Family practice in Malaysia. PMID- 6530084 TI - Relationship between perceived workload and manpower in general practice. AB - A survey of general practitioners in nine local government areas representative of metropolitan Sydney allowed comparison of self-perceived workload and manpower as measured by population per general practitioner. Thirty-one per cent of general practitioners felt themselves to be too busy, 54% just right and 15% not busy enough. The overall manpower level was a population of 1108 people per general practitioner. There was no direct relationship between workload perception and general practice manpower. The implications of this for manpower planning are discussed. PMID- 6530085 TI - Problems of venereal disease in Nigeria. 1. Gonococcal resistance to antibiotics and treatment of gonorrhoea. AB - Venereal disease is becoming an increasingly serious problem in developing countries. The availability of antibiotics in chemists' shops has encouraged self medication with sub-therapeutic doses and inadequate treatment regimens. At a health centre in Nigeria, a diagnosis of gonococcal urethritis was made in 159 out of 429 men presenting with urethritis. Neisseria gonorrhoeae was cultured in 141 cases and the sensitivity pattern to a number of antibiotics freely available at chemists was determined. The organisms were highly resistant to penicillin (84%), ampicillin (80%), tetracycline (68%), streptomycin (78%) and co trimoxazole (83%). These were the cheapest of the drugs available, leaving only erythromycin and the more expensive drugs gentamicin and cefotaxime still effective for general use in treatment programmes. PMID- 6530086 TI - The family medicine team as providers of home dialysis care in kibbutzim in Israel. AB - Sixteen patients with terminal renal failure who live in kibbutzim in Israel were interviewed. Over 50% of these patients receive dialysis treatment in their home kibbutz under the supervision of the family medicine team as compared with only 12.4% of all dialysis patients in the country who are treated at home. The implications of dialysis in the kibbutz are discussed, particularly the relevance of the overall responsibility of the kibbutz for all its members' needs in the provision of dialysis facilities. The relevance of community-based dialysis in general is discussed. PMID- 6530087 TI - Clustering diagnoses: a method of interpreting morbidity data. AB - Detailed classification of morbidity data provides problems in large-scale surveys in general practice: a balance between precise diagnosis and realistic uncertainty must be maintained, and it can be hard to detect the overall pattern when a large number of rubrics is involved. This paper reports the development of a system of clustered diagnoses in which similar diagnoses are linked together in homogeneous clusters. The system is based on the RCGP codes and is compatible with ICHPPC-2. The aim was not to produce another classification of morbidity but to use the system to apply to data already coded using a specific primary code. PMID- 6530088 TI - Cardiac arrest: description of a portable resuscitator. PMID- 6530089 TI - Continuity of care in general practice: a review and critique. PMID- 6530090 TI - [Interhemispheric asymmetry of the EEG spectra and their interindividual variation in healthy persons in relation to the laterality of the dominant hand]. PMID- 6530091 TI - [Neuropsychological characteristics of support for bilingualism in light of functional brain asymmetry]. PMID- 6530092 TI - [Dynamics of visual evoked potentials in a situation of mobilized readiness in children of different ages]. PMID- 6530093 TI - [Disorders in the process of organizing a motor command in the choice reactions of chronic alcoholism patients]. PMID- 6530094 TI - [Brain functional asymmetry characteristics of students in the period of an examination session]. PMID- 6530095 TI - [Specificity of heart rhythm reactions to types of mental loading]. PMID- 6530096 TI - [Recall of emotiogenic and neutral verbal information in monaural presentations during adaptation]. PMID- 6530097 TI - [Phenomenon of the false localization of a visual image and human brain functional asymmetry]. PMID- 6530098 TI - [Functional interhemispheric asymmetry in recognizing different classes of visual stimuli]. PMID- 6530099 TI - [Encephalographic correlates of autogenic change in human functional states]. PMID- 6530100 TI - [Dynamics of oxygen partial pressure of arterial blood in the sleep cycle of newborn infants of various degrees of maturity]. PMID- 6530101 TI - [Calorigenic action of glucose in school age children]. PMID- 6530103 TI - [Stroke volume and human cardiac output in random contraction rhythm]. PMID- 6530102 TI - [Respiration, hemo- and cardiodynamics and body oxygen regimens in athletes in the mountains]. PMID- 6530104 TI - [Effect of geomagnetic disturbances on cardiovascular functions in athletes]. PMID- 6530105 TI - [Reaction properties of muscle to passive shortening]. PMID- 6530106 TI - [Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and body adaptation to stress in old age]. PMID- 6530107 TI - [Effect of a thrombocyte extract and thrombocyte-poor plasma on the proliferative activity of connective tissue cells]. PMID- 6530108 TI - [Nonspecific reactivity as a predictive criterion for the outcome of human adaptation to long-term exposure to negative emotiogenic environmental factors]. PMID- 6530109 TI - [Excretion of nonvolatile substances with expired air]. PMID- 6530110 TI - [Morphometric functional study of the small intestine in the aged subject. II. Morphometric study of lymphocyte infiltrates]. PMID- 6530111 TI - [Morphometric functional study of the small intestine in the aged subject. III. Functional study of D-xylose absorption]. PMID- 6530112 TI - [Evaluation of hemorrheologic behavior during the bicycle ergometry stress test in normal subjects and athletes]. PMID- 6530113 TI - [Hypereosinophilia and systemic vasculitis: considerations on 2 clinical cases]. PMID- 6530114 TI - [Hypertension and acute myocardial infarct in the aged]. PMID- 6530115 TI - [Comparative study of the electrocardiographic glucose test and the cycloergometric stress test in hypertensive subjects with type II diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 6530116 TI - [Relation between smoking and breast cancer]. PMID- 6530117 TI - [Correlations between blood viscosity and blood sugar levels in diabetic patients]. PMID- 6530118 TI - [Role of circulating immune complexes in chronic hepatopathies]. PMID- 6530119 TI - [Occupational and environmental pathology of the oral cavity]. PMID- 6530120 TI - [Morphometric-functional study of the small intestine in the aged. I. Morphometric study of villo-cryptae architecture]. PMID- 6530122 TI - [Experience in urinary incontinence control in a group of patients in a geriatric hospital]. PMID- 6530121 TI - [Angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy with dysproteinemia. Description of a clinical case with uncommon laboratory findings]. PMID- 6530123 TI - Application of graph theory for analysis of cell complexes observed in electron microscopy. AB - The present paper demonstrates analysis of cell contacts between various cell types of an organ using graph technique. The analysis permits to estimate random/non-random character of cell complexes of various types and is based on qualitative electronmicroscopical observations. PMID- 6530124 TI - Application of graph theory to analysis of Langerhans cell types on the basis of their cell nuclei ultrastructure. AB - Studies were performed aimed at estimating similarities and differences in ultrastructure of Langerhans cells of albino mouse epidermis. Graph theory-based analysis of surface and circumference of nucleus cross-section, heterochromatin and interchromatin area permitted to advance a view that Langerhans cells constitute a uniform cell population, as far as morphology of cell nucleus is concerned. PMID- 6530125 TI - [Existence of a retinaculum musculorum extensorum immum in man]. AB - The considerable variability of the Mm. extensor hallucis longus et brevis and the medial portion of the M. extensor digitorum brevis reflects the higher strain acting on the medial part of the forefoot. These functional conditions result probably not only in the increased development of the muscles mentioned above but also in the formation of a Retinaculum musculorum extensorum imum, which does, in fact, occur in 64.2% of extremities examined. 2 major forms of this retinaculum can be differentiated: A Retinaculum musculorum extensorum imum fibrosum (52.3%) and musculofibrosum (11.9%). The fibrous form again occurs in 2 varieties, namely a complete (47%) and an incomplete (5.3%) one. PMID- 6530126 TI - [Nonparametric estimation of 1-dimensional continuous distribution density functions using the continuous LOLINREG approximation]. AB - A nonparametric method for estimation of one-dimensional continuous probability distribution functions is presented. Procedures for calculation of estimation of the unknown distribution function and the distribution density will be discussed in their application. 2 items are what type of weight function may be chosen for the proposed local-linear continuous approximation of the empirical distribution function by the least squares method (LOLINREG), and upon what value of bandwidth or smoothing parameter one optimally should settle. The latter problem is practically very important with respect to the quality of the estimation results. Examples of simulated measurements which come from a standardized normal distribution as random numbers serve to demonstrate the mode of working, the advantages as well as the limits of the presented continuous LOLINREG approximation. PMID- 6530127 TI - [A new procedure for estimating the distribution of measured values--demonstrated by morphometric examples]. AB - The local approximation of the empirical distribution function of a one dimensional continuous random variable leads to a continuous estimation of the distribution function. The first derivative of it gives the estimation of the density function. At a sample of growth data the advantages will be demonstrated of the continuous estimation compared with the classical approaches by histogram or frequency polygon respectively. Further advantageous aspects of the new approach will be illustrated by an example of a stomatologic-morphometrical examination and at one of caryometric research. Especially for comparison of 2 samples conclusions may be drawn by inspection and discussion of the obtained graphs of the empirical distribution functions and of the estimated density functions of the samples to be compared. PMID- 6530128 TI - [Problems in the mathematical representation of mass growth in domestic chickens]. AB - Mass growth of the domestic chicken as demonstrated for 2 races, namely the Rhode Island Red and the White Leghorn, gives rise to problems in mathematical representation. The reason is the rather deviating location of the inflexion point in the growth curve when compared with mammals. Most growth functions have been developed for animals reaching the inflexion point when about 1/3 or less of the final growth value has been reached as is mostly the case with mammals and fishes. Treating of domestic fowl, however, demands for possibilities of reflecting an inflexion point beyond the values of about 1/3 in the quotient Ww/W infinity as is shown by 2 series quoted by Parks from the Department of Animal Husbandry from the University of Sydney. Checking of the familiar growth functions leads to a rather critical result as almost all renowned functions fail to meet this demand. Besides the traditional logistic function with the rigid relation Ww/W infinity = 1/2, only few expressions for mass growth remain to cover the demands for fowl, among them the modified Janoschek with 0 less than Ww/W infinity less than (1-1/e) or less than 0.6321 respectively, and 2 formulations by Sager allowing for the total range 0 less than Ww/W infinity less than 1. Results are given in tables for 4 functions and in graphs for growth and growth increase for the best approximations with less than 25 g of mean single deviation. PMID- 6530129 TI - Postnatal growth of skeletal muscle fibres of the rat. AB - Cross sectional area [micron] of Red, Intermediate, and White fibres of M. extensor carpi radialis longus of Wistar rats at frequent age intervals were measured and then calculated the growth equations, the growth rate equations, the growth rates, and the asymptotes of each kind of fibre. Muscled fibres of 12 d old rats were round in shape, presenting a somewhat uniform SDH activity. By 23 d and thereafter, muscle fibres were polygonal in shape, with different degree of enzyme activity and cross sectional areas. There was a close relationship between cross sectional area and in age. Individual fibres revealed distinct growth curves. The higher growth rates were observed at 23 and 45 d. After this ages, a markedly fall in growth rates for the 3 kind of fibres were observed. Growth rates of White fibres were higher than that of Red and Intermediate fibres. PMID- 6530130 TI - [On the concept of "information"]. AB - The recent approaches of generalization of "information" beyond the classical field of communication theory are characterized by explication and by first suggestions of generalized information theories. A critical assessment of the two books "Information I" and "Information II" written by H. VOLZ are given to what extent they may contribute to this discussion. Especially, the new definition of an all-embracing notion of information given in these books is criticized because it seems not to be suited as basis for a generalized theory. In contrast to this, the idea of information as a measure of structural differences between probability distributions in a state space is proposed for mathematical description of specific biological properties in general. In this view, the one distribution is that of the physical possibilities and the other is that which is connected with the realizations by the biological system. The latter consists of the states which are optimal for the function of the biological system. They are selected from the set of physically possible states. As abstract mathematical quantity the statistical entropy of a random experiment is used. Finally it is indicated that this information-theoretical description may contribute to the understanding of the connections between physics, cybernetics, and biology. PMID- 6530131 TI - [Clinico-morphocytochemical parallels in different courses of chronic lympholeukemia]. PMID- 6530132 TI - [Use of enterodes and enterosorb in patients with different pathologies concomitant with severe endotoxicosis]. PMID- 6530133 TI - [Effect of erythrocytophoresis on the kinetics of the proliferation of the erythroid cells of bone marrow in patients with polycythemia vera]. PMID- 6530134 TI - Arrangement and density of junctional feet in crayfish muscle fibres. AB - Junctional feet in tubulo-reticular junctions of crayfish muscle fibres are arranged tetragonally with a centre-to-centre spacing of 30-34 nm. The resulting density of 860-1110 feet per 1 micron 2 of the junctional membrane is similar to that reported for other animal species. Using data of a previous stereological study, there are 150-190 feet per 1 micron 2 of the total T-tubule surface and 6000-7800 feet per 100 microns 3 of the fibre volume. PMID- 6530135 TI - Effect of pentobarbital on neurones in the reticular formation of the brain stem: ionophoretic study in the rat. AB - The effect of ionophoretically applied pentobarbital (PB) upon neurones in the nucleus reticularis gigantocellularis of the rat was studied. PB applied through a micropipette depressed the spontaneous activity of 81% of the neurones tested; the remaining neurones did not change their firing rates. Regardless of current intensities used for PB ejection (5-60 nA) there was no increase in the firing rate during PB administration. The depression was dependent upon both the control firing rate and the PB dose; a total depression of activity was observed at currents between 40 and 60 nA. EC50 (15.5 nA, about 5 X 10(-5) mol.l-1--the drug concentration was approximated theoretically) was assessed from the dose-response curve. Repeated application resulted in a shift of EC50 towards higher current values (desensitization). The Hill coefficient was calculated in conformity with the classical theory. From its value (1.4), it may be assumed that the occupation of only one subunit of the binding site is enough to give a response. Possible mechanisms of action of PB upon neurones are discussed. PMID- 6530138 TI - Measurement of absolute membrane potential with the potential clamp system of nonner. PMID- 6530136 TI - Elasticity, strength and stability of bilayer lipid membranes and their changes due to phospholipid modification. AB - Elasticity measurements of bilayer lipid membranes (BLM) based on registration of the third harmonic of the membrane current during the application of a periodic tension to the membrane was used to study the effects of lipid peroxidation (LPO) and phospholipase A on BLM. LPO resulted in decreased values of the Young modulus for BLM, while some products of LPO and phospholipid hydrolysis (linolenic acid) were able to increase drastically the modulus. The presence of individual products of LPO and phospholipid hydrolysis in BLM produced non-additive effects on the elasticity, strength and stability of BLM. Lysolecithine strongly affected both the strength and stability of BLM. without changing its elasticity modulus. It was found that the lower the rate of structural changes in lecithine BLM, the longer its lifetime. Membranes having a heterogeneous polar composition form more stable BLM as compared to chemically homogeneous membranes. PMID- 6530137 TI - Lipid-phenolic radical adducts as a plausible mechanism of "plant ageing" pigment formation. AB - Co-oxidation of chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, aesculetin and lucigenin with linoleic acid and egg phosphatidyl choline leads to the formation of fluorescent polymer materials. The fluorescent products are more lipophylic, they have lower elution volumes on Sephadex LH-20 column than related phenols and they differ by their fluorescence and chromatographic properties considerably from polymer lipid peroxidation products. From the presence in the excitation fluorescence spectra of a band corresponding to the phenols it was concluded that the fluorophoric groups were similar in both cases. The data are discussed in terms of liquid phase peroxidation and the appearance of the fluorescent species are attributed to the production of molecular adducts as a result of lipid and phenoxyl radical recombination. The characteristics of products obtained are compared with properties of fluorescent "plant ageing" pigments accumulated in aged and damaged plant cells. PMID- 6530139 TI - Evidence for a major gene for rapid postweaning growth in mice. PMID- 6530140 TI - The genetic correlation between characters maintained by selection, linkage and inbreeding. PMID- 6530141 TI - A simple method for increasing the response to artificial selection. PMID- 6530142 TI - Chromosomal arrangement of the duck alpha-globin genes and primary structure of the embryonic alpha-globin gene pi. AB - A recombinant lambda Charon 4A bacteriophage, D alpha G-1, carrying the genes coding for the duck embryonic (pi') and adult (alpha A, alpha D) alpha-like globins was isolated from a previously constructed duck DNA recombinant library. The three globin genes are transcribed from the same DNA strand and are arranged in the order of their expression during development: 5'-pi'-alpha D-alpha A-3'. We have determined the complete nucleotide sequence of the duck pi'-globin gene, including the flanking regions. Due to the unusual length of intron 1 (963 bp) and intron 2 (568 bp) the 2167-bp duck pi'-globin gene is by far the largest among all known mammalian or avian alpha- and beta-globin genes. For instance, the duck pi'-globin gene introns are almost twice as long as those of the chicken pi'-globin genes. A surprisingly high degree of nucleotide sequence homology (88%) has been found for the 5' flanking region (positions -1 to -223) of the duck and chicken pi'-globin gene. PMID- 6530143 TI - Re-expression of an inactivated variable surface glycoprotein gene in Trypanosoma equiperdum. AB - Variable surface glycoprotein (VSG) genes in African trypanosomes are often activated by the duplicative transposition of a silent basic copy (BC) gene into an unlinked telomerically located expression site, producing an active expression linked copy (ELC) of that gene. However, some BC genes that are already linked to a telomere are activated without apparent duplication or transposition. We have recently shown that an active VSG ELC can be inactivated in situ, apparently without rearrangement. To explain these observations it has been suggested that VSG genes that are associated with chromosome telomeres are activated by chromosome end exchanges that occur at a considerable distance upstream from the genes themselves and place them cis to a unique VSG expression element. In an attempt to test this model we derived five VSG-1 expressing variants from BoTat 2, a VSG-2 expressing variant of Trypanosoma equiperdum which carries an inactive residual VSG-1 ELC (R-ELC) as well as the active VSG-2 ELC near unlinked chromosome telomeres. We examined the fates of the VSG-2 ELC and the VSG-1 R-ELC in these variants. All five had maintained the VSG-1 R-ELC; three in a reactivated form and two in an inactive state. The latter two variants carried new, active VSG-1 ELCs: one in the site that had previously contained the VSG-2 ELC and one in a previously unidentified site. The VSG-2 ELC was lost in all five of the variants. The results are not consistent with the simple chromosome end exchange model, which predicts that the VSG-2 ELC would be inactivated but not deleted when the VSG-1 R-ELC was reactivated. PMID- 6530144 TI - Cloning gene ura5 for the orotidylic acid pyrophosphorylase of the filamentous fungus Podospora anserina: transformation of protoplasts. AB - From a genomic library of the filamentous fungus Podospora anserina, we have cloned a 4.9-kb fragment which complements an Escherichia coli mutant strain deficient for orotidylic acid pyrophosphorylase (pyrE gene). The recombinant plasmid pPAura5 also transforms to prototrophy a mutant strain of P. anserina carrying a mutation in the ura5 gene and lacking OMPppase activity. PMID- 6530145 TI - [Hygienic standardization of the microclimate of indoor sport facilities]. PMID- 6530147 TI - [Statistical terminology and its use]. PMID- 6530148 TI - [Hygienic aspects of professional activities of personnel of resuscitation and intensive care units]. PMID- 6530146 TI - [Effect of exogenous and endogenous factors on somatic and mental development of children]. PMID- 6530149 TI - [Current studies on pediatric and adolescent hygiene 1983]. PMID- 6530150 TI - [Elements of scientific work organization in the department of pediatric and adolescent hygiene of a regional sanitary-epidemiological station]. PMID- 6530151 TI - [Determining acetic acid level in the air]. PMID- 6530152 TI - [Method of preparation of samples of food raw materials and foodstuffs for analysis of Sr-90 and Cs-137 content]. PMID- 6530153 TI - [Hygienic basis for developing complex territorial plans for nature protection]. PMID- 6530154 TI - [Food poisoning of bacterial etiology]. PMID- 6530155 TI - [Chromatographic determination of temik in the environment]. PMID- 6530156 TI - [Sanitary control of planning of housing and urban development in the Irkutsk district]. PMID- 6530157 TI - [Microbiological characteristics of boiled sausages during their production]. PMID- 6530158 TI - [Daily activities and health status of schoolchildren of the city of Sum]. PMID- 6530159 TI - [Experimental substantiation of the maximum permissible exposure level of manganese dioxide in the air]. PMID- 6530160 TI - [Hygienic regulation of the monurone content of soil]. PMID- 6530161 TI - [Experimental model of hypoxia in hygienic studies]. PMID- 6530163 TI - [Stimulating effects of eleuterococcus and Chinese schizandra used for prevention of visual fatigue during work connected with color discrimination]. PMID- 6530162 TI - [Hygienic evaluation of nutrition, metabolism and health status of miners of the Kansk-Achinsk fuel and energy complex]. PMID- 6530164 TI - [Additional method of evaluating the biological activity of trace elements]. PMID- 6530165 TI - [Hypothyroidism in gyneco-obstetrics]. PMID- 6530166 TI - [Noninvasive laboratory diagnosis of the postphlebitic syndrome]. PMID- 6530167 TI - [The use of a prosthetic tube with antireflux valve in esophageal obstruction]. PMID- 6530168 TI - [Combined endotracheal tube and catheter for pediatric bronchography]. PMID- 6530169 TI - [Familial dysautonomia--an anesthetic challenge]. PMID- 6530170 TI - [Reversible end-stage renal failure in systemic lupus erythematosus]. PMID- 6530171 TI - [Phenytoin in recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa]. PMID- 6530172 TI - [Acute torsion of uterine adnexa in childhood]. PMID- 6530173 TI - [Embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma of the middle ear and mastoid simulating chronic otitis media]. PMID- 6530174 TI - [Glomerulonephritis induced by hepatitis B virus]. PMID- 6530175 TI - [Phenytoin--change in bioavailability and toxicity]. PMID- 6530176 TI - [Chemotherapy of protozoal and helminthic diseases of the gastrointestinal system in Israel]. PMID- 6530177 TI - [Mechanisms of mucosal protection of peptic ulceration and its clinical therapeutic application]. PMID- 6530178 TI - [The role of the family physician in the era of specialization and demographic changes]. PMID- 6530179 TI - [Treatment of refractory hypertension]. PMID- 6530180 TI - [Vitamin D metabolism in the elderly]. PMID- 6530181 TI - [Broncho-alveolar lavage]. PMID- 6530182 TI - [Safety of the exercise test in severe left ventricular dysfunction during nuclear ventriculography]. PMID- 6530183 TI - [Selective intra-operative cholangiography]. PMID- 6530184 TI - [Simultaneous bilateral acute ischemic optic neuropathy]. PMID- 6530185 TI - [Charcoal hemoperfusion in acetaminophen poisoning]. PMID- 6530186 TI - [Circulating anticoagulants of the lupus type in asymptomatic primary biliary cirrhosis]. PMID- 6530187 TI - [Metastatic carcinoma of the skin]. PMID- 6530188 TI - [Local edema as the presenting symptom in Schoenlein-Henoch purpura]. PMID- 6530189 TI - [Salmonella pericarditis]. PMID- 6530190 TI - [Evaluation of emergency room reply letters]. PMID- 6530191 TI - [Intensive obstetric management of pregnant diabetics]. PMID- 6530192 TI - [Trauma in advanced pregnancy]. PMID- 6530193 TI - [The rehabilitation of the rheumatoid hand]. PMID- 6530194 TI - [Direct antiglobulin test (Coombs test) association with autoimmune hemolytic anemia]. PMID- 6530195 TI - [Safety aspects of laser radiation]. PMID- 6530196 TI - [Strokes in childhood]. PMID- 6530197 TI - [The concept of hospice care]. PMID- 6530199 TI - [Repetitive publication]. PMID- 6530198 TI - [Anorexia nervosa]. PMID- 6530200 TI - [Effect of fundic chronic ulcers on development of gastric tumors in rats treated with N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine]. PMID- 6530201 TI - [The laminar structures and axon terminals of retinal fibers of the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus of the dog: a study by a horseradish peroxidase method]. PMID- 6530202 TI - [Chronic interstitial pneumonitis produced in the rats with collagen-induced arthritis]. PMID- 6530203 TI - Constrained resources in medical education and research. PMID- 6530204 TI - Solving uncompensated hospital care: targeting the indigent and the uninsured. PMID- 6530205 TI - Reforming malpractice law through consumer choice. PMID- 6530206 TI - Minorities and the health professions in the 1980s. PMID- 6530207 TI - Science for health in the future. PMID- 6530209 TI - [Effects of continuous pure tone stimulation on blood pressure, plasma norepinephrine and urinary norepinephrine concentration in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats]. AB - The present study was undertaken to elucidate the effect of pure tone stimulation on sympathetic nerve activity in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP). SHRSP were exposed to a pure tone stimulation of 4 KHz at 60 dB SPL tone burst which was interrupted at a frequency of one second and continued for one hour a day for either one 10 day course period or two 10 day course periods. Over a period of 10 days, Group A received one hour-long stimulation daily. Group B received the same type of stimulation for two separate 10 day course periods and Group C did not receive any tone stimulation. Group A and Group C did not show any significant changes in blood pressure, heart rate or body weight. However, an increase in urinary norepinephrine (NE) (p less than 0.02) which returned to pretreatment levels after tone stimulation was observed in Group A. Group B showed a significant increase in blood pressure as compared with Group A (p less than 0.02): the systolic blood pressure of Group B was 233.2 +/- 36.1 mmHg; the systolic blood pressure of the sex-age matched Group A was 193.0 +/- 25.7 mmHg. Group B displayed an increase in plasma NE concentration as compared with Group A (p less than 0.05). These findings demonstrated that the summation of two 10 day course pure tone stimulations produced a larger increase in blood pressure and plasma NE concentration than one 10 day course stimulation. These increase in blood pressure and plasma NE concentration occurred via an increase in sympathetic nerve activity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6530208 TI - [The study of ABH isoantigen and T (Thomsen-Friedenreich) antigen of superficial urothelial tumor]. AB - ABH isoantigen of 154 superficial urothelial tumor including 11 carcinoma in situ of the bladder (CIS) was investigated by the avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex (ABC) method, and the results were compared with those obtained by the specific red cell adherence (SRCA) test. T (Thomsen-Friedenreich) antigen, a precursor of other blood group antigen than ABC, was also investigated by ABC method. ABH antigen detected by ABC method seemed to be correlated to tumor grade and recurrence rate, while that by SRCA method did not. Sixty two percent of the low grade papillary bladder tumor of blood group other than O was positive by ABC method. As for the recurrence rate of low grade tumor, 11 of 33 cases (33%) with positive ABH isoantigen showed recurrence, while 13 of 21 cases (62%) without ABH isoantigen did so. In CIS, ABH antigen was deleted in 82 percent using ABC method. ABC method is more sensitive and more specific than SRCA, and the sensitivity was increased in blood O. T antigen, which is expressed in many carcinomas, (defined T(+) by Coon) is usually not detected in normal epithelium. Normally, T antigen is cryptic but can be unmasked with sialidase (cryptic T(+)). The cells which lacked T even after sialidase treatment are called cryptic T(-). We investigated T antigen expression in CIS lesion and ureteropelvic tumor by using T specific lectin (peanut agglutinin). In nine cases of CIS which ABH was negative, cryptic T(+), T(+) and cryptic T(-) were found in three, one and five cases, respectively. In ten cases of high grade ureteropelvic tumor, which ABH was all negative, cryptic T(+) was found in five cases. Of these five cases, three are well over five years after surgery. These data, although preliminary, indicate that, by combining two markers (ABH and T antigen), prognosis of urothelial tumor may be predicted better. PMID- 6530210 TI - [Studies on the zoonoses in Hokkaido, Japan. 6. Experimental human echinostomiasis]. AB - Etiological analysis and parasitological examinations of human echinostomiasis were investigated. The four volunteers (case A, B, C and D) were orally administrated metacercariae harvested from the fresh water snails (Lymnaea japonica) experimentally infected with Echinostoma hortense eggs. Numbers of metacercariae administrated were 20 for cases A and B, 30 for case C and 50 for case D. Prepatent periods of four cases were 14 days (case D) and 17 days (cases A,B and C) after administrations. Patent periods of egg output were 18 days (case A), 32 days (case C), 207 days (case B) and 209 days (case D). The latter of two cases (B and D) showed the longest period of egg output in human echinostomiasis. Case A revealed the symptoms of violent watery diarrhoea and abdominal pain from 3rd to 4th weeks after administration, but others were asymptomatic. Maximal eosinophilia (22-35%) in peripheral blood of the three cases (cases A, C and D) was recognized 4 weeks after administration and the values decreased gradually thereafter. Case B did not show eosinophilia during the experimental period. Total serum IgE value measured by RIST method did not rise in all cases. PMID- 6530211 TI - [Study on localization of hyperfunctioning parathyroid glands by 201T1-99mTc subtraction scintigraphy]. AB - 201T1-99mTc subtraction parathyroid scintigraphy assisted by computer (CASPS) was performed in 59 patients with suspected hyperparathyroidism (HPT). There were 32 patients operated on and 40 hyperfunctioning parathyroid glands histologically proven on 33 surgical explorations. Positive rate of scintigrams in surgically explored patients was preoperatively 66% (21/32) and retrospectively 78% (25/32). In seven of surgically explored patients, ten hyperfunctioning parathyroid glands could not be recognizable retrospectively. True positive rate of preoperative and retrospective localization as to each hyperfunctioning parathyroid glands were 53% (21/40) and 75% (30/40), respectively. There was a close but not statistically significant correlation between scintigraphic localization and weight of the hyperfunctioning parathyroid glands. However, visualization of hyperfunctioning parathyroid glands was statistically significant (p less than 0.05) in X2-test in correlation between ones of less and more than 0.500 g in weight. Plain 201T1-image delineated only one of 15 hyperfunctioning parathyroid glands which were less than 0.500 g in weight and subtraction image six. This result was also statistically significant (p less than 0.05) in X2-test. Subtraction technique was proved to be essential for delineating hyperfunctioning parathyroid glands which were especially less than 0.500 g in weight. There are two adenoma which concentrated 99mTc-pertchnetate rather than 201T1 chloride. Subtraction images of these cases was not useful for positive delineation and showed an area of a decreased radioactive distribution corresponding to the presence of adenoma located at the left anterior mediastinum. However, subtraction caused false positive localization in a few cases. Quantitatively analytic method on hot regions demonstrated by subtraction, which could be helpful for avoiding false negative and false positive estimation, has been developed. Results by 201T1-99mTc subtraction parathyroid scintigraphy is not necessarily satisfactory. However, this is noninvasive and is still a challenging method for preoperative localization of hyperfunctioning parathyroid glands rather than a ultrasonography and CT scan. PMID- 6530212 TI - [Detection of echinococcal infection in rodents and shrews caught in Asahikawa and Kushiro districts]. AB - During the May-October period of 1983, rodents and shrews were caught in Asahikawa and Kushiro districts and examined for the presence of echinococcal infection. 603 individuals representing 8 species and 110 individuals of 9 species were collected in Asahikawa and Kushiro districts, respectively. Among these animals, a vole, Clethrionomys rutilus mikado caught in Akkeshi in Kusiro district was infected with larval Echinococcus multilocularis, but no evidence of echinococcal infection was found in the animals caught in Asahikawa. PMID- 6530213 TI - [Studies on alteration in biventricular dimensions during stepped elevation in pulmonary arterial pressure with special reference to right ventricular bellows action]. AB - A new method for inserting ultrasonic crystals into the interventricular septum (IVS) of dogs was performed to measure the right and left ventricular septum-to free wall dimensions (RVD, LVD) in a line. The advantage of this technique is minimal damage of the pericardium and no damage of the ventricular wall. The segmental lengths in the right and left ventricles (RVSL, LVSL) were also measured. Stepped elevation of pulmonary arterial pressure induced by ligation of pulmonary arterial branches caused an increase in RVD and a decrease in LVD. IVS shifted to the left and transseptal pressure gradient was reduced. RVD and RVSL increased and percent shortening in RVD and RVSL during ejection decreased with pulmonary hypertension. Although the change in RVD and RVSL basically related each other, those changes in RVD was more evident than in RVSL. Thus, the measurement of RVD and RVSL is indispensable for investigating the right ventricular function. There was a high correlation between the stroke volume and the shortening in RVD (expressed as percent of the control value, respectively) during ejection in pulmonary hypertension (F = 13.88 greater than F 1(20)(0.005) = 9.94), therefore we speculate that right ventricular bellows action is essential in blood ejection from the right ventricle. Furthermore the stroke volume decreased as the shortening in RVSL during ejection decreased (F = 3.17 greater than F 1(20)(0.1) = 2.97), therefore shortening in RVSL is thought to be an important factor causing bellows action, however further investigation is necessary. PMID- 6530214 TI - [Present status of dialysis therapy in Hokkaido--results of a survey of January 1984]. PMID- 6530215 TI - An analysis of diversity in Glacial Kame and Adena skeletal samples. PMID- 6530216 TI - Human assortative mating for height: non-linearity and heteroscedasticity. PMID- 6530217 TI - Physical growth and ethnic heterogeneity among U.S.-born children of European ancestry. PMID- 6530218 TI - Hydration of the fat-free body in children during maturation. PMID- 6530219 TI - Bone mineral measurements and their relation to body density in children, youth and adults. PMID- 6530220 TI - Influence of maturation on relationship of skinfolds to body density: a cross sectional study. PMID- 6530221 TI - The population dynamics and fertility of the trio of surinam: an application of a two census method. PMID- 6530222 TI - Skinfold thickness in North American infants 24-41 weeks gestation. PMID- 6530223 TI - Genetic and environmental sources of familial aggregation of body mass in Tecumseh, Michigan. PMID- 6530224 TI - Aerobic fitness and serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in young children. PMID- 6530225 TI - Changes in cytoplasmic and lysosomal enzyme activities in cultured rat heart cells: the relationship to cell differentiation and cell population in culture. AB - Postnatal rat heart cells in culture enriched with respect to muscle cells were obtained by either high density seeding or by the replating technique. [3H]Thymidine incorporation to DNA and the enzymatic pattern of cytoplasmic and lysosomal enzymes have been studied as a function of the culture's age, of seeding density, and replating. It was shown that replating maintains predominance of myocyte population for at least 2 wk in culture; heavy seeding density allows homogeneous myocyte population for the 1st wk in culture; and the enzyme profile of the culture may serve as an indicator for the type of cell population in culture and its state of differentiation. PMID- 6530226 TI - Growth characteristics, morphology, and phospholipid composition of human type II pulmonary alveolar cells grown in a collagen-free microenvironment. AB - Human lung epithelial cells have been isolated and maintained in pure culture and characterized during their time in culture. Any residual fibroblasts were removed by selective trypsinization within the first 48 h in culture and the residual epithelial cells from the primary culture grew to confluent density. The epithelial cells at Passage 2 or greater were serially subpassaged when cultures reached ca. 80% confluency. This procedure permitted us to conduct biochemical and structural studies of starting materials and subsequent population doublings. Electron microscope evaluation of both initial monolayers and cell suspensions showed cultures to be composed of a single cell type. These cells had microvilli on their free or apical surface. Subsequent population doubling level 1 up to 5 exhibited the same structures. They contained lamellar inclusions, which are typical of Type II alveolar epithelial cells. Fetal lung (age 18 to 20 wk) cell suspensions processed for electron microscopy before culturing showed cells to be undifferentiated, epithelial-like with small microvilli along cell borders, and with desmosomes at cell junctions. Lamellar inclusions were not observed in these cells. Ultrastructural studies of the cultured epithelial cells demonstrated that the lamellar inclusions had a slightly positive reaction when tested for acid phosphatase. Phospholipid analysis of these lung epithelial cells showed a phospholipid composition consistent with that found in surfactant-containing Type II cells. Cultured epithelial cells stained with phosphine 3-R demonstrated a green fluorescent cytoplasm and nucleus with brightly fluorescent yellow-orange perinuclear particles. The preceding characterization of these cells leads us to conclude that they exhibit structural and biochemical features commensurate with Type II epithelial cells from human lung. Moreover, these selection techniques applied to the isolation of human lung Type II cells from the tissue permit us to study the differentiative function of these cells routinely under conditions of growth in vitro. PMID- 6530228 TI - Comparison of prometaphase chromosome techniques with emphasis on the role of colcemid. AB - Six different techniques were evaluated to define better those technical factors that are most critical for obtaining prometaphase cells for banding analysis. Our results demonstrate: colcemid exposures of 30 min or less have no effect on increasing the yield of prometaphase cells, colcemid exposures of greater than 0.1 microgram/ml can be toxic, methotrexate depresses the mitotic index significantly and seems to increase the incidence of prometaphase cells only because it suppresses later forms; and (d) the optimum number of cytogenetically satisfactory prometaphase cells can be obtained with a 4-h exposure to a combination of low concentration actinomycin D (0.5 microgram/ml) and colcemid (0.1 microgram/ml). This technique inhibits chromosome condensation while permitting prometaphase cells to accumulate for 4 h. PMID- 6530227 TI - Effect of serum on organogenesis of the rat testis in vitro. AB - It was observed previously that primordia of fetal rat testes when explanted in vitro in a synthetic medium at the outset of sexual differentiation differentiate seminiferous cords during the following days, but that the addition of 15% fetal bovine serum prevents this morphogenesis. In the present study, human, horse, bovine calf, and rat sera were shown to exert the same effect. Very low concentrations of human or fetal bovine serum (0.5 or 1%) were sufficient to produce the serum effect, which was only slightly reduced when the serum was heated. The serum activity was not removed by dialysis (membrane cut-off 15 000), but it disappeared after treatment with trichloroacetic or perchloric acids or after trypsin digestion. Partial purification of the active factor(s) from human serum was achieved by successive gel filtration, affinity chromatography, and ion exchange chromatography. Analysis of the active fractions by electrofocusing and immunoelectrophoresis placed the activity within the alpha globulin group. Among a series of purified serum proteins tested, alpha 2-HS-glycoprotein was found to exhibit the serum effect, though this activity was heat labile. PMID- 6530229 TI - New perspectives in hormone-dependent (responsive) and autonomous mammary tumor growth: role of autostimulatory growth factors. AB - In this report, we present evidence that estrogen-dependent rat mammary tumor cells produce autostimulatory (autocrine) growth factors in response to estrogens, and that hormone autonomous cells produce autocrine activities that are no longer under estrogen regulation. Confirmation of the in vivo significance of autostimulatory factors was sought by inoculating rats with mixed populations of estrogen-dependent, responsive, and autonomous MTW9/PL mammary tumor cells, and showing that after 16 weeks growth in castrated male rats, the estrogen dependent and responsive mammary tumor cells not only survived, but continued to grow. Three out of seven of the clones derived from apparently autonomous tumors were shown to be estrogen-dependent or responsive. These are the first data establishing that estrogen-dependent (responsive) mammary tumor cells are able to grow in the absence of physiological concentrations of sex steroid hormones in vivo, and that autocrine factors secreted from adjacent autonomous cells are able to substitute for the steroid hormone requirement. PMID- 6530230 TI - Cancer incidence in Aurangabad City 1978-1980. PMID- 6530231 TI - Intracranial tumours of infancy, childhood and adolescence. PMID- 6530232 TI - Splenic changes associated with liver secondaries. PMID- 6530233 TI - Cell mediated immune status in brain tumour patients. PMID- 6530234 TI - A case of liposarcoma in the liver of a dog. PMID- 6530235 TI - Villoglandular adenoma of duodenum--a case report. PMID- 6530236 TI - Giant tonsillolith simulating tumour of the tonsil--a case report. PMID- 6530237 TI - Spontaneous regression of retinoblastoma. PMID- 6530238 TI - Afferent lymph and lymph borne cells: their influence on lymph node function. AB - In AO rats the afferent lymphatics to the right cervical lymph nodes (LN) were interrupted and the LN were encased in silicone rubber tubes to prevent reunion of the lymphatics. At regular intervals over the next 12 weeks the following were measured in comparison with the intact contralateral LN - LN weight, influx of lymphocytes from the blood, blood flow, the incorporation of 125IUdR and the incorporation of 35S-sulphate into high endothelial venules (HEV). Systematic histological observations are also reported. One day after deafferentization lymphocyte influx was significantly reduced although blood flow was unchanged and a temporary increase in LN weight was associated with crowding of the lymphatic sinuses with small lymphocytes. The subsequent decline in lymphocyte influx was biphasic and quicker than the decline of other parameters--being undetectable by 6 weeks. Flattening of HEV and diminished secretion of 35S-sulphate was noted at 1 week and progressive degeneration and eventual disappearance of the HEV network was seen by 6-12 weeks. Doubtlessly because of lack of antigenic stimulation 125IUdR incorporation, and numbers of lymphoblasts, plasma cells and finally germinal centres were progressively reduced. The numbers of macrophages and interdigitating cells (IDC) were greatly reduced by 3 weeks and very few were present at 6 weeks probably because most or all arrive in afferent lymph and have a limited life span in the LN. At 12 weeks the LN was difficult to recognize as such since only stromal cells and occasional small lymphocytes remained. In supplementary experiments u.v. irradiation of the LN at the time of deafferentization reduced lymphocyte influx without affecting blood flow suggesting that a u.v. sensitive cell like the IDC may influence lymphocyte influx. In conclusion the involution of the deafferentized LN is partly due to the lack of antigen but progression to the complete loss of specialized structure and function is probably due to lack of other factors including non-lymphoid cells that normally arrive in afferent lymph. PMID- 6530239 TI - [Treatment of pityriasis versicolor]. PMID- 6530240 TI - [Pili annulati]. PMID- 6530241 TI - [Necrobiosis lipoidica diabeticorum in type 1 diabetes in children]. PMID- 6530242 TI - [Grover's disease of cutaneous and laryngeal localization associated with a carcinoma of the larynx]. PMID- 6530243 TI - [Photoinduced chronic familial benign pemphigus]. PMID- 6530244 TI - [Sarcoidosis with transepidermal elimination]. PMID- 6530245 TI - [Epidermoid cysts with seborrheic verruca-like walls]. PMID- 6530246 TI - [Allergic contact dermatitis caused by propolis: an increasing pathology]. PMID- 6530248 TI - [Treatment of flat angiomas with an argon laser. Importance of the execution of dosage tests]. PMID- 6530247 TI - [Apropos of a case of heat contact urticaria]. PMID- 6530249 TI - Modulation of steroid receptors in rat mammary glands. PMID- 6530250 TI - Cardiovascular and neurological changes in conscious rhesus monkeys following intravenous infusion of nitroxazepine and other tricyclic antidepressants. PMID- 6530251 TI - Cardiophysiological responses of the crab. Berytelphusa cunnicularis (Westwood), to three common pollutants. PMID- 6530252 TI - Evidence of increased intestinal absorption of oxalate in rats induced for bladder stone. PMID- 6530253 TI - A simple method for purification of tetanus toxoid. PMID- 6530254 TI - Tropical eosinophilia. PMID- 6530255 TI - Traumatic left ventricular aneurysm. PMID- 6530257 TI - Horner's syndrome due to hydatid cyst. PMID- 6530256 TI - Primary chondroma of the lung. PMID- 6530258 TI - Amoebic pleural effusion--diagnosed by microscopy. PMID- 6530259 TI - Pulmonary eosinophilia presenting with bilateral pleural effusion and consolidation. PMID- 6530260 TI - Spontaneous expulsion of an inhaled pin. PMID- 6530261 TI - Multiple biopsies in the diagnosis of sarcoidosis. PMID- 6530262 TI - Pulmonary sarcoidosis--review of 9 cases. PMID- 6530263 TI - Antibodies to purified protein derivative in tuberculosis patients and its relationship with pulmonary lesion. PMID- 6530264 TI - Radiological abnormalities in sella turcica in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. PMID- 6530265 TI - Lipids in pulmonary tuberculosis. PMID- 6530266 TI - Evaluation of physical signs in patients with emphysema. PMID- 6530267 TI - A study of soluble fibrin monomer complexes (SFMC) and plasma fibrinogen in acute myocardial infarction. PMID- 6530268 TI - Host-parasite relationship in human cysticercosis. PMID- 6530269 TI - A longitudinal study of diarrhoea among children in Calcutta communities. PMID- 6530270 TI - Evaluation of tubercular antigen & antitubercular antibodies in pleural & ascitic effusions. PMID- 6530271 TI - Cell mediated immune responses to purified cardiac antigens in acute rheumatic fever & rheumatic heart disease. PMID- 6530272 TI - Serum protease inhibitor levels in smokers. PMID- 6530273 TI - Relationship between free fatty acids & protein binding of acetyl salicylic acid in rats. PMID- 6530274 TI - Evaluation of 14C-D-xylose breath test in the diagnosis of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth. PMID- 6530275 TI - Alternative approach for optimum utilisation of health care services provided by a health team to urban community in relation to population coverage. PMID- 6530276 TI - Chemical & nutritional studies on Acacia auriculaeformis seed oil. PMID- 6530277 TI - Primary closure of breast abscess (a study of 50 cases). PMID- 6530278 TI - Field village scale trial of use of repellent in malaria control. PMID- 6530279 TI - Earthenware pots for vaccine storage; a health hazard. PMID- 6530280 TI - A technique for semithin paraffin sections. PMID- 6530281 TI - Significance of collagen in pathological lesions of endometrium. PMID- 6530282 TI - Hemoglobin electrophoresis in agar gel--a modified method for routine use. PMID- 6530283 TI - Serum cholinesterase and lactate dehydrogenase levels in cases of squamous cell carcinoma of oral cavity. PMID- 6530284 TI - Comparison of phenol coefficient test and Kelsey Sykes' test using phenolic disinfectants. PMID- 6530285 TI - Renal changes in juvenile-onset diabetes mellitus. A study in 36 patients. PMID- 6530286 TI - Immunoglobulins and parasitic density index in malaria (a short communication). PMID- 6530287 TI - Distribution of sex chromatin in exfoliated cervical cells under different physiologic and pathologic conditions. PMID- 6530288 TI - Mycetomas in the tropics. PMID- 6530289 TI - Fibre-optic endoscopy, endoscopic brush and biopsy imprint cytology and bioptic histology in lesions of upper gastro-intestinal tract. PMID- 6530291 TI - Renal cell carcinoma in a child. A case report. PMID- 6530290 TI - Effect of antibiotics and heavy metals on the production and release of staphylocoagulase. PMID- 6530292 TI - Cholesteatoma--renal pelvis. A case report. PMID- 6530293 TI - Chemoprophylaxis for the prevention of bacterial meningitis. AB - Close contacts of index patients with Neisseria meningitidis or Haemophilus influenzae type b meningitis show higher nasopharyngeal carriage rates and are at an increased risk of contracting the disease. The key issue in the management of such contacts remains close and careful surveillance, because prophylaxis will never result in the absolute prevention of secondary cases. Adequate chemoprophylaxis with rifampin eradicates nasopharyngeal colonization in more than 90% and may prevent both co-primary and secondary diseases. Routine chemoprophylaxis for close contacts of systemic meningococcal diseases is recommended. However, there are several factors inherent in rifampin prophylaxis for the prevention of H. influenzae type b meningitis which exclude its use as a routine measure. PMID- 6530294 TI - The elderly sick role: an experimental analysis. AB - This experiment sought to determine whether young people ascribe different sick role expectations to the elderly than to the middle-aged. The study also examined whether such expectations are a function of age per se or of work status. The experiment was a two X two factorial design employing two levels of age and two levels of work status. Sick-role expectations were elicited by the use of vignettes in which illness characteristics and background information were identical, but age and work status were varied. Results partially support the contention that the young ascribe an elderly sick role. Respondents were more likely to expect an old, rather than a middle-aged man, not to recover. However, respondents were also more likely to expect reduction in role obligations when the man was retired than when he was employed, regardless of age. PMID- 6530295 TI - The effects of an aerobic exercise program on psychological variables in older adults. AB - In a study assessing the psychological effects of exercise in the elderly, a fourteen week aerobic program produced a significant increase in self-concept and a significantly greater perceived internal locus of control. Improvement in memory was not found. PMID- 6530296 TI - Life changes, coping resources, and health among the elderly. AB - In the last several years, a host of studies have shown a relationship between life change and deterioration in health status. This relationship, however, appears to be modest, and investigators have recently become interested in the coping resources, or buffers, that enable some individuals to encounter significant life change with little or no apparent negative changes in their health. Using samples consisting largely of young and middle-aged persons, studies have shown that the presence of a confidant, social network involvement, marital status, feelings of esteem and confidence, occupational status, and income can act as buffers against the potentially stressful effects of life change. The present study examines the extent to which these factors serve as coping resources for a sample of elderly individuals. With the exception of income, the results suggest that not only do these variables fail to serve as buffers against life change for the aged, but some of them appear to function as coping inhibitors, operating to exacerbate the deleterious consequences of life change. PMID- 6530297 TI - Causal attribution of mood in the climacterium. AB - This study looked at the sources of attribution used by pre- and post-menopausal women to explain mood. A booklet was administered to two groups of forty women each, one group aged forty to forty-five and the other group aged fifty-two to fifty-seven. The booklet contained a diary written by a middle-aged woman, and three independent variables (menopausal status, family situation, and mood) were varied in eight different versions of the story. The participants were required to rate the degree to which menopausal symptoms, environment, and age were likely causes of the woman's mood. The results suggest that the older group of women place more importance on the environment as a source of attribution; both groups give weight to age, but the younger group uses age continually, whereas the older group uses it when family behavior does not explain mood. Both groups rated menopausal symptoms as a salient source of attribution when the woman's mood was negative. PMID- 6530298 TI - Storytelling as an age-dependent skill: oral recall of orally presented stories. AB - During experiment 1, three taped prose passages read by college student, middle aged, or old tellers were orally recalled by college students in an incidental memory paradigm. More story units were remembered as the age of the teller increased (r = +.642, p less than .05). Comparison of these results, with prior research using written, as opposed to oral, presentation and recall of these stories, showed no differences in specific story units remembered. Teller age predicted recall on the two "storied" passages. These passages elicited more favorable comments from listeners when read by older tellers. The third, descriptive passage was less favorably regarded by listeners hearing older tellers. During experiment 2, taped storied passages read by middle-aged tellers were falsely attributed to young, middle-aged, or old persons before the college students listened. Incidental recall did not show an age of teller effect in this case, but the listener's evaluation of the speaker exhibited age-dependent stereotypes. It was concluded that 1) physical qualities of older voices lead to more effective oral transmission; 2) that one expects to receive certain types of oral information from older persons; and 3) that a mismatch between physical vocal quality and age attribution effects evaluation of the speaker, not recall of the information. PMID- 6530299 TI - The cultural construction of aging and dying in a Melanesian community. AB - Contrasts that have been drawn between premodern and modern societies with respect to aging and dying suggest that modern medical technology has introduced profound changes into these processes. Drawing on the anthropological literature and their own research in Papua, New Guinea, the authors argue that in most respects the contrast is spurious. As both the processes of aging and of dying are cultural constructs, they are as likely to be complex phenomena in simple societies as they are in our own. PMID- 6530300 TI - The determination of 90Sr and 228Ra in human teeth by age groups and in other substances. AB - The total 90Sr content of human teeth peaks at a value of 0.65 pCi/g calcium in the age group of 20-30 years. It is not present in those 50 years or older. Various other substances show extensive amounts of 90Sr especially in cow bones, bone meal and dry milk. The radionuclide 228Ra (daughter of 232Th) is present at a mean level of about 0.5 pCi/g Ca in all substances tested and in all age groups, but especially high in bone meal (5.60 pCi/g Ca) and calcium lactate tablets. PMID- 6530301 TI - Variation of Se, Zn, Co, Fe and Rb distribution in rats upon sequence of injection with SeO2 and glutathione. AB - The contents of Se, Zn, Co, Fe and Rb in several organs of Wistar rats were determined by instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) after injections of SeO2 and glutathione (GSH). Se was incorporated in all the examined organs, and the efficiency of incorporation does not depend upon the sequence of injection with SeO2 and GSH. The sequence of these injections affects the contents of the other elements in all the examined organs. PMID- 6530302 TI - Variation of Se, Zn, Co, Fe and Rb distribution in rats after injection with selenium or sulfur compounds. AB - Contents of Se, Zn, Co, Fe and Rb in liver, kidney, heart, spleen, brain, pancreas and testicle of Wistar rats were determined 2 h after i.p. injection with selenodiglutathione, selenomethionine, selenocystine, selenocystamine, methionine, cystine and cystamine. Instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) was applied as the analytical method. It was found that Se was incorporated to all examined rat organs. High Se incorporation was observed after injection with selenomethionine and selenocystine. Variations in the Zn, Co, Fe and Rb contents were observed in all the investigated organs after the injections. These variations depended upon injected compounds. PMID- 6530303 TI - The incorporation of selenium and ytterbium into the eyes of mice. AB - The incorporation of Se and Yb into the eyes of mice has been studied. Selenodiglutathione, (GS)2Se, or ytterbium chloride, YbCl3, were injected intraperitoneally into mice: either alone, combined, or after various time intervals. Instrumental neutron activation analysis was applied as the analytical method for the determination of the levels of Se and Yb. The concentrations of both investigated elements were highest in the retinal tissue of the eye. YbCl3 influenced the distribution of Se in the eye. PMID- 6530304 TI - The incorporation of Yb and Se into the brains of rats and their effect on the Zn level. AB - The concentrations of Yb, Se and Zn in the brains of rats were determined after the injection of ytterbium chloride and selenodiglutathione--single or together- by neutron activation analysis. Both Yb and Se were incorporated in all the investigated brain tissues and they also caused changes in the Zn concentration. PMID- 6530305 TI - Nicotine level as a predictor of smoking frequency: a case report. AB - Laboratory-based evidence is inconsistent regarding the regulation of nicotine intake for habitual smokers. The present case report describes an in vivo double blind alteration of nicotine level for two long-term, heavy smokers. In spite of large changes in nicotine intake, the frequency of smoking remained stable. It was concluded that other variables may play an equal or more important role than nicotine in governing smoking behavior in the natural setting. PMID- 6530306 TI - Determinants of relapse among alcoholics: a cross-cultural replication study. AB - This study reports on a replication of Marlatt and Gordon's (1980) findings concerning relapse determinants among alcoholics. It was undertaken in a somewhat different drinking culture (Sweden) and with a group of alcoholics also containing patients relapsing after a longer period of abstinence than those in the Marlatt and Gordon study. The difference in drinking culture is reflected in the finding that most subjects in this study took their first drink at home. The group studied by Marlatt and Gordon in Seattle most frequently started to drink in a bar or restaurant. In spite of the differences between the groups, we arrive at a similar picture when it comes to the distribution of relapse determinants according to the model proposed by Marlatt and Gordon. The categories not only have face validity but also construct validity, reflected in meaningful correlations with results on an intelligence test and a personality inventory. A descriptive analysis shows that subjects with poorer results on the intelligence test and having a high tendency to muscle tension and somatized anxiety tended to relapse in intrapersonal situations. Patients who do not readily adjust to other persons' opinions relapsed in interpersonal conflicts, and patients who are more impulsive could not resist social pressure to drink. PMID- 6530307 TI - Nonmedical drug use patterns among medical students. AB - Interrelationships in the use of nonmedical drug use and tobacco use are explored based on self-reports by 165 medical students at an average-sized southeastern medical school. Lifetime and current use of drugs among these students appears consistent with earlier studies. Several background and demographic characteristics are correlated with drug use; higher rates of use are found among males, older students, and students who frequently miss classes. No correlation is observed between drug use and class standing, sibling position, social relationships, or family drug use patterns. Tobacco use was found to be low among these medical students but was highly correlated with nonmedical drug use. Drug use patterns appear to have developed in high school and college, and to persist, albeit at a diminished rate, during medical school. The findings provide little support for the belief that marijuana or cocaine use substitutes for alcohol use; higher consumption of virtually any recreational drug is predictive of higher use of other recreational drugs. PMID- 6530308 TI - Follow-up difficulty with substance abusers: predictors of time to locate and relationship to outcome. AB - A sample of 76 alcoholics and 31 drug abusers who had been inpatients at a Veterans Administration Medical Center were followed up 6 months after termination of treatment. Of this population, 100 (93.5%) were located, and additional data were recorded as to both the length of time required for location and the sources which proved useful in the process. Two-thirds of the sample were located within 1 month and most before the fourth month. Multivariate analyses revealed that criminal history, longer time in treatment, and previous treatment each were independent predictors of difficulty in location. Personal addresses provided by the subjects at intake were crucial in the tracking process, as well as female relatives named by addicts. The time to locate a subject was not generally related to outcome. Employed subjects were somewhat harder to find, and those drinking daily-or not at all-were easier to locate. PMID- 6530309 TI - The social networks of opioid abusers. AB - Using social network analysis, the pretreatment social networks of 106 street drug abusers are examined. While no significant sociodemographic differences are found between opioid and nonopioid abusers, eight significant univariate differences in the characteristics of their social networks are reported. Four of these differences account for 32% of the variation between the two groups of abusers. The social networks of opioid abusers appear significantly less conventional than those of nonopioid abusers; however, opioid abusers appear less committed to the values and behaviors displayed by their network members. Network reconstruction is discussed as an explicit, empirically supportable rehabilitation strategy. PMID- 6530310 TI - A communication approach to drug use intervention. AB - A schema has been designed to enable intervention planners to more functionally select, and to more effectively utilize a communication model for drug use/misuse intervention which is suitable for the focus of their efforts and which meets the necessary demands of prevention, education, training, and information dissemination. PMID- 6530311 TI - Drug use community intervention: issues and options. AB - A schema has been designed for intervention planners to facilitate their effective use of the concept/entity of community, in its variety of types, meanings, and implications, for drug use/misuse intervention. PMID- 6530312 TI - Drug use intervention with and for special populations. AB - A schema has been designed to enable intervention planners to more reasonably and effectively integrate the concept of special populations, its varied meanings and their implications, and to better meet the special/unique needs of individuals and systems in drug use/misuse intervention programs. PMID- 6530313 TI - The aetiological relationship between congenital torticollis and obstetrical paralysis. AB - A statistical study was done to determine the incidence of congenital torticollis. The aetiological relationship between torticollis and obstetrical paralysis was analysed in an attempt to clarify the possible cause of torticollis. There were forty-three cases of torticollis in the 2,160 babies delivered at the Otsu Red Cross Hospital from 1978 to 1981. The overall incidence of torticollis was 1.9%; 1.2% in cephalic presentations, 6.5% in double breech presentations, 4.2% in footling presentations and 34.0% in single (frank) breech presentations. In addition, forty-three cases of obstetrical paralysis treated in Kyoto University Hospital from 1961 to 1981 were reviewed. Torticollis was found in 26% of the cephalic presentations (6 out of 23) and in 80% of the breech presentations (16 out of 20) respectively. These findings suggest that a foetal posture with both the knees and the cervical spine extended seems to be closely related to the development of torticollis, which indicates that a direct cause may be stretching of the sternocleidomastoid muscle during delivery. PMID- 6530314 TI - The floating knee. 40 cases of ipsilateral fractures of the femur and the tibia. AB - "Floating knee" is the term used to describe simultaneous fractures of the femur and tibia in the same limb. Thirty nine patients, with 40 such injuries, are presented with a follow up interval of six months to five years. The final functional result was poor if the femoral fracture was situated in the condylar flare and the results were comparatively better in those cases treated by cast bracing or when the fracture of the femur was stabilised internally. In all cases the fracture of the tibia was treated conservatively. PMID- 6530315 TI - Osteotomy of the patella in the patellofemoral pain syndrome. The significance of increased intraosseous pressure during sustained knee flexion. AB - In 40 patients with patellofemoral pain, intra-osseous pressure measurements were recorded under anaesthesia with the knee first in extension and then in flexion prior to performing a longitudinal osteotomy of the patella. There was a statistically significant increase of pressure in painful knees compared with normal knees (29 mm Hg. vs 15 mm Hg.), and a marked increase when compared during sustained flexion (97 mm Hg. vs 60 mm Hg.). However wide variability of individual results made the diagnostic value of a single pressure measurement unreliable. A clinical test, based on reproduction of the characteristic pain by sustained knee flexion, proved to be reliable in predicting a good response to operation. The effect of the operation was encouraging, with significant relief of pain as measured by a visual analogue scale. PMID- 6530316 TI - An adult form of Gaucher's disease with a huge tumour formation of the right tibia. AB - A case of adult, chronic or non-neuropathic, Gaucher's disease is presented. Severe bony changes, particularly involving the lower limbs developed after a splenectomy had been carried out. Our patient had all the orthopaedic complications of Gaucher's disease. Further, a huge tumour was present in the right tibia caused by the proliferation of Gaucher cells. This feature may be unique but pseudotumour should be listed in the possible orthopaedic complications of Gaucher's disease. The patient was bedridden, but was able to use a wheelchair after his leg was amputated. PMID- 6530317 TI - [Tuberculous osteoarthritis of the foot and ankle joint]. AB - The authors have reviewed 26 cases of tuberculosis of the foot and 32 of the ankle, which they have treated personally. All the patients were adults and most presented with advanced destruction of bone and joints. Bacterial and histological confirmation of the diagnosis was obtained in 56 patients. All were treated by chemotherapy; the drugs and regime varied over the years. All responded well to this treatment, but one relapsed after 24 months. Orthopaedic problems were usually managed by immobilisation in plaster casts, but 6 patients required arthrodesis, 5 of the ankle and one triple fusion. The functional results of the standard treatment were generally good. Arthrodesis is seldom needed and should be performed only for permanent pain or crippling deformity. PMID- 6530320 TI - "Plain crazy:" lay definitions of legal insanity. PMID- 6530318 TI - [Congenital convex clubfoot: a diagnostic and therapeutic study of 71 cases]. AB - We have studied 71 feet with congenital vertical talus in 51 patients. The condition is characterised by two fixed deformities, equinus of the hindfoot with a vertical talus and dislocation of the mid tarsal joint due to malposition of the navicular with respect to the head of the talus. The forefoot is usually everted, but lay in inversion in 25% of our cases. The deformity must be recognised within a few weeks of birth, and the diagnosis is facilitated by radiographs taken in extreme dorsiflexion and plantarflexion. The radiographic appearances allow classification of the deformity into three groups which aid in the choice of the correct management. Treatment is by operation. We have performed 48 open reductions, followed by lengthening of the Achilles tendon six weeks later. Our results can be equally divided into good, fair and poor. We have excised the talus on three occasions only, but we feel that this operation may well be useful in the presence of marked deformity of the talus, particularly in the older child. PMID- 6530319 TI - Silastic arthroplasty for avascular necrosis of the carpal lunate. AB - The substitution of a diseased carpal lunate by a silastic implant (Swanson design) was performed in 70 patients. Twenty cases with a median follow-up of 48 months generally showed an increase in the range of motion of the wrist. There was disabling weakness of grip in one patient. Subluxation of the implant occurred in 2 cases, but this did not compromise the final result. Instability of the scaphoid was observed in 50% of the cases, before and after operation. There were no adverse reactions to the implant. PMID- 6530321 TI - The Fitness to stand trial Interview Test: how four professions rate videotaped fitness interviews. AB - The results of this study provide some preliminary support for the use of the FIT as a method for providing structure to interviewers. The FIT may be particularly useful as a guide for making initial decisions about fitness. It was suggested that a screening evaluation based on the FIT could be completed by any properly trained individual with some professional background. The more difficult cases can be referred for lengthier evaluations. Of course, further research on the use of the FIT with actual defendants in real assessments will need to occur before such a procedure can be used as a matter of routine. Finally, the FIT promises to be an effective research tool for isolating professional group differences in definitions of fitness and the importance of different aspects of it, from both a legal and a mental health perspective. PMID- 6530322 TI - Standards for civil commitment: a critical review of empirical research. PMID- 6530323 TI - Psychiatric malpractice due to ignorance. Reports of cases of psychiatric treatment and traumatic neurosis handled by the doctor's liability board in which damages have been claimed. AB - During the last 15 years, the Finnish insurance companies' doctor's liability board has handled six cases in which damages were claimed for psychiatric treatment or traumatic neuroses. Reports of these cases, grouped according to basis of indemnification, are given above. The board considered two of the claims unjustified and four justified. The party liable for damages was, in every case, the hospital. In Finland, claims for damages lodged with hospitals and doctors have not been very common. This is partly due to Finnish legislation. Claims for damages arising from psychiatric treatment are rare. In Finland, the party primarily responsible for injury to a patient is the employer (e.g. a hospital) and only secondly an employee. In practice, it is rare for a doctor to be required to pay damages for malpractice or neglect. PMID- 6530324 TI - Punishment as treatment and the obligations of treatment providers. PMID- 6530325 TI - The therapy of mental disorders in Italy. The role of hospitals after the 1978 reform. PMID- 6530326 TI - Human rights and correctional treatment. PMID- 6530327 TI - The use of various chromatographic techniques for the determination of phenylurea herbicides and their corresponding anilines in environmental samples. II. Applications. AB - In earlier work, various strategies have been developed for the trace-level determination of phenylurea herbicides and the anilines which are their main degradation products. They include catalytic hydrolysis of the phenylureas on silica, liquid chromatographic fractionation of complex mixtures of herbicides and anilines, derivatization of anilines and herbicides with electron-capture sensitive reagents, and final analysis by means of capillary gas chromatography. In the present paper, the application of these principles to trace-level analysis of surface water, soil and crop samples is demonstrated. PMID- 6530328 TI - Automated extraction of drugs from biological fluids. AB - An automated continuous flow liquid-liquid extraction procedure is described for the separation of the H2-antagonist loxtidine from plasma samples containing two metabolites which interfere in the radioimmunoassay of the drug. The extraction of the bronchodilator salbutamol was studied using the DuPont Prep I automated liquid solid extraction apparatus, with a 12 cartridge capacity, and a vacuum extraction box designed in this laboratory to hold 30 Sep-pak C-18 (Waters Associates) cartridges. Twenty-four plasma samples per hour can be automatically processed with the Prep I. Although the vacuum box is not fully automated 45 plasma samples per hour can be processed. The Prep I can only be used with DuPont XAD, strong cation and anion exchange cartridges. Cartridges containing alumina, silica, florisil, cation and anion exchange resins and reverse phase packings can all be used with the vacuum extraction box. The latter costs only a fraction of the Prep I and therefore each analyst can have his own unit. PMID- 6530329 TI - Trace analysis of 2,4,5,TP and other acidic herbicides in wheat using multicolumn HPLC. AB - In continuation of our work dealing with multicolumn HPLC (MC-HPLC) techniques and their applicabilities for tracing a few compounds out of complex multicomponent matrices a residue analysis of the herbicides 2,4,5T and MCPA (phenoxyacids) in wheat is described. A simple plant extract with aqueous basic buffer is loaded in quantities of several 100 microliters onto a strong anion exchanger (column 1,C1) performing extraction of the acidic compounds, while the neutral and cationic substances are eluted thus attaining on-column trace enrichment. Via mobile phase selection (pH change) elution from C1 is possible, the fraction (zone-cut) containing the compounds of interest is transferred onto C2 (reversed phase, RP2 and RP18) on which peak compression is performed followed by (step)gradient elution. Detection limits in the lower ppb range are routinely obtained. A MC-HPLC chromatographic setup separation of eleven acidic herbicides in a formulation is also shown. PMID- 6530330 TI - Normal modes of vibration of a model peptide adopting the C7 C5 structure. Application toi angiotensin II. AB - A normal coordinate treatment was performed on the C7C5 conformation using a modified Urey-Bradley force field refined from previous studies on beta-turns. The predicted frequencies were compared with the experimental ones obtained on the peptide hormone human angiotensin II. The existence of both a beta-turn and a C7C5 conformation in solid and in aqueous solution is discussed. PMID- 6530331 TI - Enzymatically active subunits of Bacillus stearothermophilus enolase bound to Sepharose. AB - The octameric enolase from Bacillus stearothermophilus was immobilized onto Sepharose 4B activated by the cyanogen bromide reaction under conditions for achieving essentially a single-point attachment. The immobilized enzyme was dissociated with guanidine hydrochloride to yield bound monomeric enolase. The Sepharose-bound subunit regained activity upon removal of the denaturant. It was also possible to rehydribize immobilized monomers to native octamers. Of note, the thermal stability of the immobilized enolase subunit does not appreciably differ from that of the parent soluble octameric enzyme. Thus, these results indicate that single subunits of thermophilic enolase are active and that oligomerization is not a prerequisite for the enzymic activity as well as for thermal stability. PMID- 6530332 TI - Denaturation of concanavalin A by urea at acid pH. AB - The denaturation of dimeric concanavalin A induced by urea at pH 3 has been studied using optical activity and sedimentation velocity. Under the conditions employed Mn+2 and Ca+2 are dissociated from the protein, but the basic structural elements are little changed from those prevailing in the functional lectin at pH 5.5 [H.E. Auer and T. Schilz, preceding paper in this issue]. The protein passes through three stages as the urea concentration is varied from 0 to 10 M. Below 4 M urea the only effect observed is the loss of optical activity of the aromatic amino acid residues. At 4 M, a conformational change occurs producing extensive aggregation, which persists to 7 M. At 8-10 M urea a disordered monomeric protein molecule prevails. The protein could be reactivated provided that dilution to native conditions was very rapid and the protein concentration remained very low. Kinetics of denaturation were monitored by optical activity at 218, 225 and 283 nm. Transients with one, two or three components were observed, which were resolved by nonlinear regression according to sequential first-order decay laws. First order character was confirmed by independence of the kinetic parameters from protein concentration over a two- to four-fold range. Enthalpies and entropies of activation for the various steps were also determined. The transients at the three wavelengths monitor changes in beta structure, beta turns and aromatic groups, respectively. The urea dependence of the rate constants is unique in most cases. It is concluded that different structural elements of the concanavalin A molecule unfold independently from one another. PMID- 6530333 TI - Prediction and improvement of protected peptide solubility in organic solvents. AB - A predictive method of solubility for protected peptide fragments of globular proteins was described. The solubility prediction was performed on the basis of both the randomness of peptide structures in a solid state and the existence of tertiary peptide bonds such as X-Pro and X-(Z) Y bonds, in which X and Y are arbitrary amino acid residues and Z is a suitable protecting group for the X-Y peptide bond. In order to predict the randomness, the coil conformational parameter, Pc, was utilized. Solubility prediction by this method was successfully applied to the two classes of protected peptides composed solely of hydrophobic and of various amino acid residues. The solubility test results also indicate that the protection of peptide bonds at suitable intervals is effective in achieving a remarkable improvement in the solubility of extraordinarily insoluble peptides. Lastly, the strategy for the selection of the coupling routes in the protein syntheses was proposed. PMID- 6530334 TI - Type II' beta-bend conformation of tert.-butyloxycarbonyl-L-amino-succinyl-L alanyl-glycine methyl ester in the solid state. AB - Boc-L-Asu-L-Ala-Gly-OMe crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P2(1) with cell dimensions a = 14.315 (3) A, b = 9.280 (2) A, c = 14.358(3) A, beta = 103.63(1) A, V= 1853.4 (9) A3, with two molecules in the asymmetric unit. The conformation of the two molecules is characterized by a type II' beta-bend, similar to that predicted earlier by potential energy calculations, stabilized by an intramolecular hydrogen bond. I.r. and 1H-n.m.r. data show that the folded conformation is also stable in chloroform solution. PMID- 6530335 TI - Studies on beta-turn of peptides. IX. Effect of 1st and 14th amino acids of tetrapeptide sequences on their beta-turn preferences studied by CD spectra of their chromophoric derivatives. AB - The effect of changing 1st and 4th amino acid residues on beta-turn preference of tetrapeptide sequences was studied by use of CD spectra of th chromophoric derivatives, which have Dnp- and pNA-groups as the amino and carboxyl substituents, respectively. The effect was examined with the tetrapeptides having such sequences at the 2nd and 3rd positions as -L-Pro-L-Asn-, -L-Pro-Gly-, -L-Pro D-Ala-, -L-Ala-D-Leu-, -L-Ala-L-Pro-, and -D-Ala-L-Pro-. The beta-turn preferences estimated from the CD intensities of the bands due to exciton interaction were found to depend largely on the configurations of the 1st and 4th amino acid residues. When 1st and 2nd (or 3rd and 4th) residues had the same configuration, decreased intensity of the CD band was observed even if the internal sequence had high beta-turn preference. Terminal Gly residues were favorable for the beta-turn conformation in many of the tetrapeptide sequences examined. PMID- 6530336 TI - Studies on beta-turn of peptides. X. Effect of the chirality of 1st and 4th amino acids of tetrapeptide sequences on their beta-turn preferences studied by conformational energy calculation. AB - A conformational energy study was performed upon the effect of replacement of the Gly of Ac-Gly-AA2-AA3-Gly-NHCH3 by L- or D-Ala when AA2-AA3 part forms a turn conformation. When D-Ala-L-Pro constitutes the AA2-AA3 moiety, L-Ala at the 1st and 4th positions favor a beta-turn conformation of the tetrapeptide, while D-Ala residues at these positions do not. In the case of L-Pro-L-Ala at the AA2-AA3 position, the effect of replacing the two Gly residues by L- or D-Ala was shown to be just the opposite to that calculated for the D-Ala-L-Pro sequence. Terminal Gly residues are always allowable for beta-turn conformation. PMID- 6530337 TI - Experimental and theoretical conformational studies on polypeptide models of collagen. Poly(Gly-Pro-Ile) and poly(Gly-Ile-Pro). AB - The synthetic polytripeptides poly(Gly-Pro-Ile) and poly(Gly-Ile-Pro) were studied both experimentally (mainly by circular dichroism spectroscopy) and theoretically by quantum mechanical methods. Poly(Gly-Ile-Pro) adopts a collagen like structure under favourable conditions while the isomeric poly(Gly-Pro-Ile) does not. Theoretical studies emphasize severe intrastrand interactions which limit the main chain conformations in the case of poly(Gly-Ile-Pro). On the other hand, both the side cahin and the backbone in poly(Gly-Pro-Ile) can take up many different local conformations. Therefore, it seems that the conformational behaviour of synthetic polytripeptides can be at least partially explained in terms of local interactions. PMID- 6530338 TI - Uncontrollable convulsions responsive to pyridoxal phosphate in a uremic child. PMID- 6530339 TI - Renal candidiasis in infancy--a case with fungus ball obstruction. AB - A sixteen day old infant developed candiduria after surgery on a single functioning, hydronephrotic kidney with ureteropelvic junction stenosis. Masses of candida albicans caused obstruction of the ureter with acute anuria. Endoscopic relief of the obstruction together with aggressive antifungal therapy led to irradication of the fungal infection. This case history emphasizes the fact that candida infection in early childhood should be evaluated carefully. Unfortunately no guidelines are yet available for the indications and the preferred mode of treatment, and length of therapy of infantile renal candidiasis. PMID- 6530340 TI - Wegener's granulomatosis in a 7 year old child. AB - A 7 year old boy presented with a history of recurrent episodes of sinusitis and otitis. He developed paresis of the external muscle of his right eye with exophthalmos. A biopsy of his sinus mucosa demonstrated necrotizing granulomatous involvement of the membranes with the presence of multiple giant cells interspersed in zones of fibrosis. A diagnosis of Wegener's granulomatosis was entertained. However the absence of pulmonary and renal manifestations did not allow for a definitive diagnosis to be made. He later developed hematuria and a renal biopsy demonstrated a renal lesions consistent with Wegener's granulomatosis. He has responded well to Cyclophosphamide and Prednisone therapy. PMID- 6530341 TI - Synthesis and quality assurance of [11C]alpha-aminoisobutyric acid (AIB), a potential radiotracer for imaging and amino acid transport studies in normal and malignant tissues. AB - Carbon-11 labeled alpha-aminoisobutyric acid (AIB), a synthetic amino acid, was prepared by the modified Bucherer-Strecker amino acid synthesis from acetone, ammonium carbonate and [11C]KCN in the presence of carrier KCN. This method results in the labeling of AIB in the carboxyl group. The label is stable in this position because AIB is not a metabolized after cellular uptake. AIB is rapidly accumulated in viable cells including malignant cells. Since it is a non metabolized amino acid, AIB offers the possibility of studying amino acid transport in vivo without interference by radiolabeled metabolic products. Radiochemical yields of [11C]AIB of 35-60% have been obtained in 70-80 min with radiopurities greater than 99%. Carrier added syntheses gave 15-25 mCi of [11C]AIB with specific activities of 0.3 Ci/mmol. Our quality control program which insures that [11C]AIB is suitable for imaging studies in patients with cancer includes HPLC analyses of product identity and purity, apyrogenecity and isotonicity assays, and a sensitive test for cyanide. PMID- 6530343 TI - Technetium-99m benzimidazolyl iminodiacetic acid hepatobiliary radiopharmaceuticals: structure biodistribution studies. AB - The biodistribution of fifteen structural variants of the hepatobiliary radiopharmaceutical, technetium-99m benzimidazolyl iminodiacetic acid (BIMIDA) were determined 1 h after i.v. injection into rats. The best compounds with respect to hepatobiliary excretion were those with halogen substituents in the benzene ring of the BIMIDA ligand. The cholescintigraphic properties of the BIMIDA compounds compared favourably with those of technetium-99m acetanilido iminodiacetic acid (HIDA) radiopharmaceuticals. PMID- 6530342 TI - Synthesis and purification of the anti-viral agent 1-(2-deoxy-2-fluoro-beta-D arabinofuranosyl)-5-iodocytosine (FIAC) labeled with iodine-125. AB - The 125I labeled analog of 1-(2-deoxy-2-fluoro-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl)-5 iodocytosine (FIAC) has been prepared for studies on the imaging of herpes simplex virus (HSV) encephalitis infections in animals. Iodination of 1-(2-deoxy 2-fluoro-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl)cytosine X HCl (FAC X HCl) with Na 125I and NaI/HIO3 in aqueous acetic acid, and subsequent removal of residual iodine by CCl4 extraction and ion exchange chromatography, yielded [125I]FIAC in aqueous solution with a specific activity of 45.5 mCi/mmol in 44% radiochemical yield, and with a radiopurity of 96-97%. Methods for further purification are described. PMID- 6530344 TI - The behavior of neutral amine oxime chelates labelled with Tc at tracer level. AB - Neutral 99mTc-chelates were formed with propylene amine oxime, 3,3'-(1,3 propanediyldiimino)bis-(3-methyl-2-butanone)-dioxime and other PnAO analogues. Even though the other amine oxime ligands form neutral chelates with 99mTc, the stability, lipophilic and the brain uptake characteristics are less desirable than [99mTc]-PnAO. These results demonstrate that slight modifications in the amine oxime ligand backbone produces significant effects on the chemical and biological behavior of the [99mTc]dioxime chelates. PMID- 6530345 TI - Gastro-oesophageal reflux and gastric emptying of liquids in paediatric patients. PMID- 6530346 TI - Synthesis and biodistribution of radioarsenic labeled dimethylarsinothiols: derivatives of penicillamine and mercaptoethanol. AB - Arsenic analogs of sulfhydryl containing biomolecules can be derived from dimethylchloroarsine as a precursor. Arsenic-76 labeled dimethylarsinothiols (dimethylarsinopenicillamine and dimethylarsinomercaptoethanol) were synthesized, purified by chromatography, and their biodistributions obtained in mice. The present study demonstrates the possibility of developing a group of radioarsenicals from SH-containing biomolecules. PMID- 6530348 TI - Splenic overload syndrome: possible relationship to a small spleen. PMID- 6530347 TI - Comparison of myocardial uptake and distribution of thallium-201 and two prototype receptor-binding radiopharmaceuticals in the normal and ischemic canine heart. PMID- 6530349 TI - Inhibitory effect of sera from rheumatoid arthritis patients and enhancing effect of levamisole on total E-rosette levels of lymphoid cells from normal and RA subjects. AB - We determined the E-rosette levels (E-R) in rheumatoid arthritis patients (RA) and repeatedly tested a selected group with depressed E-R. We also evaluated, in vitro, the inhibitory effect of RA sera on normal E-R and the enhancing effect of levamisole (LV) on normal and RA E-R. Selection criteria and E-R protocol were those of Di Perri (1979). Mononuclear cells (MNC) from 23 normal donors had a mean E-R of 53 +/- 7% (X +/- SD) and this was unchanged after incubation with 32 microM LV. MNC from 31 RA displayed a value of 42 +/- 7% which was lower (p = 0.01) than the normal values and which increased to 47 +/- 9% after LV treatment (p = 0.02). Twenty of these RA did not show enhanced E-R after LV; the remaining 11 RA had E-R of 37 +/- 6% which were restored to 50 +/- 8% after incubation with LV (p = 0.001). We defined this latter group of RA as depressed responders (DR). Four DR were tested repeatedly over a four-month period and consistently remained depressed. Their sera had inhibitory activity on E-R of healthy donors. In vitro treatment of healthy MNC with these RA sera plus 3.2 microns LV abrogated the inhibitory effect. Both the IgG and the IgM fractions of the RA sera manifested this inhibitory effect. We conclude that RA can have depressed E-R which are not transient and can be corrected by in vitro incubation with an immunomodulator. Sera from these RA can inhibit E-R of normal MNC, and LV can abrogate the inhibitory activity of such sera. PMID- 6530350 TI - Osteoarthritis--an inflammatory disease? AB - From a study of 160 cases of osteoarthritis (OA), including photographs from gross examination, arthroscopy, radionuclide scanning and histological preparations including crystal deposits from synovial fluid, it is concluded that OA may be regarded as an inflammatory condition for which the use of non steroidal antiinflammatory drugs rather than pure analgesics should be encouraged. PMID- 6530351 TI - Problems and results in testing the possible mode of anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid action in carrageenin rat paw oedema: advantages of local substance injection. AB - The anti-inflammatory effect of dexamethasone in carrageenin rat paw oedema was significantly reduced or abolished by local injection of 0.5-2.5 mg of the antiglucocorticoid progesterone, or of 5 micrograms cycloheximide, or of 2.5 micrograms actinomycin D, into the oedematous area. The results point to indirect dexamethasone action via receptor occupation and de novo protein synthesis, but this view could not be undoubtedly confirmed by systemic administration of essentially higher doses of the substances. The advantages of local low dose antagonist administration versus systemic injection of higher doses are mainly the production of effective tissue levels, as well as avoidance of toxic and other side-effects. PMID- 6530352 TI - Combined effects of cyclophosphamide and thymostimulin treatment on the in vitro natural killer and candidacidal activity of murine spleen cells. AB - Two different natural cell-mediated cytotoxic reactions (lysis of YAC-1 and killing of Candida albicans) in vitro were studied in mice undergoing treatment with cyclophosphamide (Cy), thymostimulin (TP-1) or a combination of both. Enhancing effects followed the combination regime in the microbial natural cell mediated cytotoxicity assay, whereas in the NK assay the effect of TP-1 appeared to be antagonistic to that of Cy. The possible mechanisms involved are discussed. PMID- 6530353 TI - The effect of penicillamine and related thiols on cyclophosphamide-induced cystitis and bone marrow suppression. AB - When adult male Wistar-Kyoto rats had been injected intra-peritoneally with a dose of 100 mg/kg of cyclophosphamide (CP), their urinary bladders showed changes of thickening and haemorrhage visible macroscopically, and oedema, necrosis and haemorrhage of the mucosa visible microscopically. There was an increase in bladder weight from an average of 60 mg in untreated control rats to an average of 125 mg in the CP-treated rats. When in addition they had been given 400 mg/kg of a thiol drug, namely either penicillamine or its disulphide, or N acetylcysteine (NAC) or its S-carboxymethyl derivative carbocysteine, the increase in bladder weight and the histologic changes of haemorrhagic cystitis were found to be prevented by the co-administration of penicillamine or NAC but not by penicillamine disulphide or carbocysteine. The leucopenia caused by CP was not prevented by co-administration of these thiol drugs. It is concluded that penicillamine, like NAC, is effective in preventing CP-induced cystitis but not at the expense of reducing the cytotoxicity of CP. The inefficacy of penicillamine disulphide and carbocysteine suggests that significant dissociation of the disulphide does not occur in vivo and that the thiol moiety is important in preventing the cystitis. Penicillamine, a thiol compound with anti-rheumatic and possible anti-tumour effects, may thus prove to be a very useful adjunct to CP therapy. PMID- 6530355 TI - The drug-immune system interaction in cancer therapy. AB - The interaction between drugs and the immune system during cancer treatment is reviewed. Special attention is given to drug hypersensitivity. The selective activity of drugs on lymphocytes, the induction of new cell antigens, and the optimal schedule of treatment with immunointerfering drugs are discussed. PMID- 6530354 TI - Secondary immunodeficiency in advanced lung cancer: effects of chemotherapy plus thymostimulin in immunodepressed patients: updating results. AB - In order to evaluate the effect of an immunomodulator (thymostimulin-TS) added to a traditional combination chemotherapy (ADM, VCR, CTX, CCNU) in advanced lung cancer (oat cell excluded), we began a trial in immuno-depressed patients showing at least 2 out of three appropriate test criteria (see text). Of the 22 fully evaluable patients (all male), 12 in Arm A were given chemotherapy (CH) alone, and 10 in Arm B received chemotherapy (CH) plus TS (1.5 mg/kg/day, beginning the day after the end of the chemotherapeutic cycle). The mean age was 57 +/- 11 for Arm A and 58 +/- 8 for Arm B. The histological type was squamous for all 12 in Arm A and 9 of the 10 in Arm B. No significant differences were found between the mean survival of the two groups (8.1 +/- 3.6 Arm A and 12.1 +/- 84 Arm B); all the patients in Arm A died (maximum survival 12 months for 3 patients), and 2 patients of Arm B are still alive after 23 and 16 months respectively (one patient died after 23 months). Infections occurred on 2 occasions in 2 patients in Arm B, and 13 times in 5 patients in Arm A of which 2 died during a bronchopneumonia. Bone-marrow toxicity was lower in Arm B than in Arm A. Immunological tests failed to improve in the Arm-B patients receiving TS + CH although their resistance to infections seemed to be better than in patients treated by CH only. The quality of life remaining has been better in the patients of Arm B than in those of Arm A. PMID- 6530356 TI - Monocyte and macrophage Fc-receptor function in systemic vasculitis with renal involvement. AB - The Fc-receptor function of macrophages and monocytes was studied in 10 healthy subjects and 10 patients (5 in phase of clinical activity) affected by systemic vasculitis with histological evidence of renal involvement. Macrophage function was detected by measuring the clearance in vivo of IgG-sensitized 51Cr-labelled autologous red blood cells (RBC). In vitro immune phagocytosis of monocytes was analysed as a kinetic phenomenon by incubating IgG-coated RBC with nearly pure suspensions of peripheral monocytes. All 5 patients studied in phase of clinical activity showed a defective Fc-receptor function in both the assays, as compared with normal subjects. Since a good correlation was found between the in vitro and the in vivo methods, the use of this non-invasive in vitro procedure is proposed as a substitute for the radioactive in vivo techniques in monitoring the course of the above disease. PMID- 6530358 TI - The EEG in progressive dialysis encephalopathy: the EEG in diagnosing and screening for PDE. (Part. I). AB - An EEG study was carried out on 50 patients undergoing chronic dialysis, 5 of whom had progressive dialysis encephalopathy (PDE), with the aim of confirming the reliability of EEG for diagnosing PDE and detecting patients at risk reported in previous papers. The outcome of the study confirms the high sensitivity of EEG for these purposes. PMID- 6530357 TI - Visual cortical cell classification criteria: reliability and equivalence of the quantitative dynamic- and static-field plotting procedures. AB - There is in vision research a general unwillingness to classify or define visual cortical cell types, particularly new cell types, outside the classical simple/complex dichotomy. Cells lacking clear-cut characteristics are, therefore, considered simple by some authors and complex by others. The present unsatisfactory state has largely arisen because of the absence of any rigorous, generally accepted, classification scheme of visual cortical neurons. Actually the present two classification schemes of visual cortical neurons, that is the Hubel and Wiesel and the Bishop schemes, are generally considered to be not comparable since the former is based on the cell qualitative static-field properties as revealed by hand-held stationary flashing stimuli, whereas the latter is based on the cell quantitative dynamic-field plotting properties as revealed by moving light stimuli. Since receptive fields lacking clear-cut characteristics of simple and complex cells have been observed in area 18 of the cat as well, all the receptive field types of this area have been classified either qualitatively or quantitatively using both the Hubel and Wiesel and the Bishop classifying procedures. It has been observed, at least as far as simple cells are concerned, that the two schemes are not antithetic but, on the contrary, equivalent if averaging procedures are taken into consideration. PMID- 6530359 TI - The EEG in progressive dialysis encephalopathy. The EEG and clinical indices of PDE in cases treated with desferrioxamine. (Part. II). AB - Two patients with progressive dialysis encephalopathy (PDE) were subjected to serial EEG recording and neuropsychological tests in order to assess the value of the investigations as indices of the course of PDE during desferrioxamine treatment. EEG proved unreliable for this purpose. PMID- 6530360 TI - Detection of myopathies in children by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and comparison with histopathological patterns. AB - Report of a study of primary myopathies in children conducted within the framework of our program to evaluate the diagnostic potential of 1H NMR in muscular diseases. There are substantial differences in the in vitro 1H NMR response of skeletal muscles between normal children and children with congenital non progressive myopathies and Duchenne muscular dystrophy. PMID- 6530361 TI - Repetitive nerve stimulation in the differential diagnosis of congenital myotonia. AB - Repetitive stimulation of the ulnar nerve at 5 Hz was performed in 9 patients with congenital myotonia, 3 with dominant and 6 with recessive transmission. At this frequency the motor response differed markedly, all the patients with the recessive form presenting a clear decremental response to repeated stimulation. The size and time course of the decrease seem to be related to the degree of muscular paresis. The series includes one case of dominant congenital myotonia type II, whose response to repetitive stimulation, reported for the first time, did not differ from that of the other cases with the classic Thomsen form. Electromyography would thus seem to be a sure means of differentiating recessive from dominant forms of congenital myotonia in sporadic cases. PMID- 6530362 TI - Nocturnal prolactin secretion in carpal tunnel syndrome. AB - The correlation between plasma PRL levels and CTS was investigated in 21 patients in whom a specific causal agent of CTS could not be identified. No correlation between plasma PRL levels and other clinical and neurophysiological data was detected. PMID- 6530363 TI - Hematocrit and stroke. A case-control study. AB - A case-control study was undertaken to evaluate the role of hematocrit (Hct) level in the pathogenesis of stroke. Hct was determined in 110 subjects with acute ischemic stroke and compared with the values obtained in 110 subjects, matched for age and sex, admitted to our Division of General Medicine because of other diseases. Statistical analysis of the results by means of the McNemar test for pairs did not confirm the hypothesis that Hct values in stroke patients differ significantly from the control values. PMID- 6530364 TI - Depression in Parkinson disease: a disabling but neglected factor. AB - 20 depressed and 20 non depressed patients with Parkinson disease were rated for disability on the Northwestern University Disability Scale and for severity of the "typical" motor symptoms on the Columbia University Rating Scale and were assessed for mental deterioration. The severity of the "typical" symptoms was practically equivalent in the two groups but the depressed patients not only presented mild mental deterioration but were significantly more disabled (less independent) than the patients without depression. A significant correlation was found between severity of depression and degree of disability but not between severity of depression and severity of "typical" motor symptoms. Depression was diagnosed much later than the "typical" symptoms. Only 25% of the depressed parkinsonians had received tricyclic antidepressants, about 20% had been treated with dopamine-antagonist psychotropic drugs and some 50% had received no treatment at all against depression. Timely diagnosis and appropriate treatment of depression in parkinsonian patients limits the effects of a major disabling factor. PMID- 6530365 TI - Clinical study of proximal spinal muscular atrophy. Report on 89 cases. AB - A report on 89 cases of proximal Spinal Muscular Atrophy with observations on the clinical features, criteria of classification and modes of inheritance. The various forms into which SMA is divided probably represent a single disease that may begin at any age and may vary in severity, due, as a rule, to an autosomal recessive gene. PMID- 6530367 TI - Gowers local panatrophy. AB - Gowers local panatrophy is a rare disease of skin, subcutaneous and muscular tissues, occurring multifocally and related to the syndromes of congenital or acquired lipodystrophy, although it presents similarities with other connective tissue disorders such as scleroderma. We report here the clinical and electromyographic findings in two patients with local panatrophy and emphasize its benign course and its similarity to scleroderma circumscripta. PMID- 6530366 TI - Cerebral mycosis: clinico-pathological report of four cases observed in fifteen months. AB - Cerebral mycosis is a rare condition, difficult to diagnose in life, but is not easily missed at post-mortem examination. We report clinical and pathological findings in four patients with long duration prodromes, seizures and psychiatric symptoms. All of them had been misdiagnosed. Actinomycotic granules in two and Aspergillus filaments in the other patients were ascertained at histological examination. Two of the patients were in their twenties and apparently healthy. We suggest that the possibility of mycotic infection should be considered even in cases where no lowering of the body's defences can be postulated. Cell mediated immunity defects may be assumed as underlying these infections. Therefore we would suggest the importance of immunological tests for type IV immune responsiveness in all intracranial infective processes of undefined etiology. PMID- 6530368 TI - Unusual association of Eales disease with multifocal neurological deficit. AB - A man who had suffered from Eales disease at the age of 20 presented an acute Brown-Sequard spinal syndrome when he was 30, followed shortly after by paralysis of the right abducens and recurrent laryngeal nerves. Steroid treatment apparently relieved the myelopathy while the neurological deficits have remained unchanged for the past 14 years. In view of the clinical and CSF findings the neurological deficits are attributed to the same disease process as that underlying the peripheral retinal abnormalities characteristic of Eales disease rather than to multiple sclerosis. PMID- 6530369 TI - Hypokalemic myopathy associated with liquorice ingestion. AB - A case of hypokalemic myopathy with systolic hypertension due to chronic liquorice ingestion is described. The clinical features quickly receded on potassium replacement therapy and discontinuation of liquorice ingestion. The relationship between the clinical features and the blood values and instrumental data is shown. The aldosterone-like action of the active principle of liquorice is underlined. PMID- 6530370 TI - Acute intoxication of trichloroethylene with complete recovery: a case report. PMID- 6530371 TI - Small intestinal chromaffin cells and carcinoid tumours: a study with silver stains, formalin-induced fluorescence and monoclonal antibodies to serotonin. AB - The enterochromaffin cells of the human small intestinal mucosa were stained immunocytochemically with monoclonal antibodies against serotonin. The staining results were compared with those obtained with other methods for identifying serotonin-containing endocrine cells such as the argentaffin reaction, formalin induced fluorescence and the argyrophil reaction of Grimelius. The different techniques gave similar, but not identical, results. The serotonin-immunoreactive cells outnumbered the argentaffin cells by 7%. Almost all (99%) serotonin immunoreactive cells showed formalin-induced fluorescence but only a small population (5%) were fluorescent. In a subsequent study, these techniques were applied to 14 small intestinal carcinoids. It was shown that formalin-induced fluorescence and the argentaffin reaction were positive in 14 and 13 tumours, respectively, while the monoclonal serotonin antibodies failed to stain seven of the tumours. It is concluded that formalin-induced fluorescence and the argentaffin reaction are more useful techniques than serotonin immunocytochemistry for defining these tumours in routine formalin-fixed surgical specimens. PMID- 6530372 TI - A rapid method for processing large numbers of cell suspension samples for cytochemical and immunocytochemical electron microscopy. PMID- 6530373 TI - [Cervical vertebra-induced hearing and equilibrium disorders. Recent clinical aspects]. AB - The contribution of cervical spine disorders to cochleovestibular symptoms was based on the evaluation of patients complaining of dizziness and/or inner ear hearing loss, treated in the ENT Department of Tubingen University between 1977 and 1982. Cervicogenic vertigo was provoked by movements of the cervical spine, but the latter rarely caused tinnitus and never induced hearing loss. The diagnosis between a vascular or proprioceptive nystagmus may be made on the presence of lesions of the cervical spine. These are disorders of the cranio cervical or the thoraco-cervical region especially and much less often due to osteochondrosis of the vertebrae. The findings of a cervical osteochondrosis has no diagnostic value unless vertigo is provoked by head movements. In cervical vertigo the thoraco-cervical region should be examined to prove a thoracic outlet syndrome. In selected cases operative treatment is possible, eg. transoral resection of the dental process of the axis, resection of the posterior arch of the atlas, myotomy of the anterior scalenus muscle or decompression of the vertebral artery. PMID- 6530374 TI - [Value of computer tomography in the detection of regional lymph node metastases, of malignant tumors in the area of the head and neck]. AB - CT is very suitable for showing cervical lymphatic spread in malignant tumors of the head and neck. The regional lymph-node areas of 123 patients with histologically proven malignant tumours of the oral cavity, hypopharynx and larynx were evaluated in a prospective study. Clinical examination, CT-findings and pathological work up of the surgical specimens were comparatively analysed in 53 patients. The proportion of false negative lymph-nodes on palpation was 21%. This error could be reduced by the use of CT to 7.5%. PMID- 6530375 TI - [Polyvinylpyrrolidone granuloma--differential diagnosis of rare soft tissue tumors in the area of the maxilla]. AB - A 68 year old woman with a polyvinylpyrrolidone-granuloma is presented. This rare tumour was seen after local injections of Depot-Impletol. Since we learned that PVP can produce such local tumours we have seen six cases. The clinical and histological diagnosis is very difficult, and may easily be confused with malignancy. PMID- 6530376 TI - [Pathogenesis of pneumosinus maxillaris dilatans]. AB - Pneumoceles are most often found in the frontal sinus. Only four maxillary sinus pneumoceles have previously been reported: we add a fifth. By measuring antral pressures through a transoral puncture, we could demonstrate a valve between the nasal cavity and the maxillary antrum. Increased pressure after noseblowing is considered responsible for the maxillary sinus expansion. PMID- 6530377 TI - [Cerebral anoxia with a fatal sequela caused by aspiration of a nasal tamponade]. AB - 4 deaths due to aspiration of a nasal pack with a similar sequence of events are reported to draw attention to the increased risk of nasal packing under general anaesthesia. The legal questions of anticipating the problems, avoidance of the incident, observance of the required degree of care and the distribution of the responsibility between the surgery and the anaesthetist are discussed. PMID- 6530378 TI - The biochemical challenge of microbial pathogenicity. AB - In the past decade there has been a revival of interest in microbial pathogenicity. The reasons for this revival are two-fold. First, infectious disease is still with us despite the impact of the antibiotic era; for example, the rise of bacterial and fungal infections in compromised patients and the lack of a good general antiviral drug. Second, the subject of microbial pathogenicity is ripe for application in techniques of biochemistry, molecular biology and genetics that have developed in other areas of biology over the past twenty years; and the potential of these techniques is particularly attractive to young people, who are entering the field in increasing numbers. In this lecture I shall survey the methods and difficulties of investigating microbial pathogenicity and what we know of the main aspects of the subject at the molecular level. I shall use bacteria as examples because more is known about them than other types of microbes. Lack of space prevents quoting original papers in such a wide-ranging task; in most cases reference is made to authoritative reviews. PMID- 6530380 TI - The microbiology of stockfish during the drying process. AB - Stockfish is made by drying species of fish in the open air to a final water content of 17-18% (w/w). By this treatment the fish acquires a very characteristic flavour. A study was made of the microbiology of blue ling (Molva dypterygia dypterygia) during this process. Aerobic plate counts at 22 degrees C in the flesh of the fish reached a maximum of 4.1 x 10(7)/g dry weight, after drying for 30 days. Analyses of the aerobic/facultatively anaerobic bacterial flora in the flesh showed initially a dominance of Moraxella and Acinetobacter like spp. As the drying progressed a Gram positive, catalase negative flora appeared, increasing its proportion to 77% of the bacterial content of the fish. Representative strains of these bacteria were identified as Lactobacillus plantarum. PMID- 6530379 TI - Immunochemical and biological studies of antigens isolated from a strain of Bacteroides fragilis. AB - Phenol/water-extracted lipopolysaccharide and a fraction of HM, extracted with acetate buffer pH 2.0, from Bacteroides fragilis strain 62/73 are antigenically different as shown by immunodiffusion, passive haemagglutination, haemagglutination inhibition and preliminary chemical investigations. Biological activity, assessed with the local Shwartzmann reaction, was demonstrated for the lipopolysaccharide whereas antigen HM was almost inactive in this test. HM is immunogenic in rabbits. Antibodies against HM were detected in seven out of ten sera of healthy humans. PMID- 6530381 TI - The effect of sodium sulphacetamide and sodium mandelate in brilliant green agar on the growth of salmonellas. AB - An assessment was made of the ability of 425 isolates of salmonellas, belonging to 54 serotypes, to grow on seven selective media. Several isolates of Salmonella dublin and Salm. paratyphi B failed to grow on brilliant green agar supplemented with sodium sulphacetamide and sodium mandelate. On this medium the colonies of 30 isolates which were able to grow were extremely small after 20 h incubation, and consequently their recognition was difficult. The sodium sulphacetamide was responsible for the reduction in colony size. PMID- 6530382 TI - Influence of NaCl, NaNO2 and oxygen on the germination and growth of Bacillus licheniformis, a spoilage organism of chub-packed luncheon meat. AB - The thermal resistance of Bacillus licheniformis spores was increased from a D70 value of 590 min to one of 900 min by the addition of 4% NaCl to the heating medium [tryptone-yeast extract-glucose (TYG) broth, pH 6.8], but was decreased to 470 min in TYG broth acidified to pH 4.4. Sodium nitrite (0.02%) enhanced spore destruction at 80 degrees C but not at 70 degrees C; addition of 4% NaCl eliminated this effect. Less than half the number of spores surviving heat comparable to commercial cooking were heat-damaged to the extent of being unable to grow aerobically in the presence of 4% NaCl. No growth occurred during anaerobic incubation even when the media contained no added NaCl. Oxygen was not required to trigger spore germination, but trace amounts were needed for the successful outgrowth of germinated spores. Spore germination was accelerated and enhanced by the presence of at least 2% NaCl. Therefore under anaerobic conditions NaCl promotes microbiological stability because the germinated spores cannot develop further and become moribund. It is concluded that the plastic casing of luncheon-meat chubs is not sufficiently oxygen-impermeable to allow the product a long shelf-life other than at chill temperatures unless the chubs are stored in an oxygen-free atmosphere. PMID- 6530383 TI - A note on xenogeneic transfusion of macrophages in experimental septicaemia. AB - Human peritoneal macrophages (M phi) were given intravenously to normal rabbits and rabbits with Escherichia coli septicaemia. No harmful effects were observed during a period of three months following macrophage transfusions and the septicaemia was eradicated in four of five animals. Thus xenogeneic M phi transfusion is feasible and can combat serious bacterial infections. PMID- 6530384 TI - [Adjuvant treatment and prognostic factors in operable breast cancer in women. 10 year experience in postoperative telecobalt therapy (Bordet Institute, 1969 1978)]. PMID- 6530385 TI - [10 years of telecobalt therapy as adjuvant treatment, exclusively or not, in operable breast cancer in women. Experience of the Bordet Institute 1969-1978]. PMID- 6530386 TI - Oral metrizamide in pediatric ileus. PMID- 6530387 TI - Floating teeth, a forgotten phenomenon? PMID- 6530388 TI - Orbital varix with unusually large phlebolith. PMID- 6530389 TI - Pathological contrast enhancement of the subarachnoidal space in CT of a retinoblastoma case with orbital recurrence. PMID- 6530390 TI - Fatty acid composition of cardiolipin from guinea pig Harderian gland. AB - The fatty acid composition of cardiolipin from the Harderian gland of guinea pig was examined by gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. At least 33 kinds of fatty acids were detected. Oleic acid was the most prominent component, accounting for 18.2 mol% of the total fatty acids. About 70.2 mol% of fatty acids had methyl branches. Ethyl branches were also detected (1.3 mol%). Straight chain saturated acids comprised only 10.3 mol%. On the other hand, linoleic, linolenic, and arachidonic acids were not found in this lipid. The 2 (2'-) acyl moieties contained larger amounts of oleic acid and smaller amounts of branched chain acids than the 1-(1'-)acyl moieties, but the saturated straight chain acids showed even distribution between the 1-(1'-) and 2-(2'-)positions. The fatty acids of cardiolipin from the liver of the same animal were also examined. Linoleic acid was the most abundant component (66.9 mol%), and saturated straight chain acids occupied 21.9 mol%. Branched chain acids were detected but comprised only 11.2 mol%. PMID- 6530391 TI - Kinetic properties of binding of myosin subfragment-1 with F-actin in the absence of nucleotide. AB - The rate constant for the binding of myosin subfragment-1 (S-1) with F-actin in the absence of nucleotide, k1, and that for dissociation of the F-actin-myosin subfragment-1 complex (acto-S-1), k-1, were measured independently. The rate of S 1 binding with F-actin was measured from the time course of the change in the light scattering intensity after mixing S-1 with various concentrations of F actin and k1 was found to be 2.55 X 10(6) M-1 X S-1 at 20 degrees C. The dissociation rate of acto-S-1 was determined using F-actin labeled with pyrenyl iodoacetamide (Pyr-FA). Pyr-FA, with its fluorescence decreased by binding with S 1, was mixed with acto-S-1 complex and the rate of displacement of F-actin by Pyr FA was measured from the decrease in the Pyr-FA fluorescence intensity. The k-1 value was calculated to be 8.5 X 10(-3) S-1 (or 0.51 min-1). The value of the dissociation constant of S-1 from acto-S-1 complex, Kd, was calculated from Kd = k-1/k1 to be 3.3 X 10(-9) M at 20 degrees C. Kd was also measured at various temperatures (0-30 degrees C), and the thermodynamic parameters, delta G degree, delta H degree, and delta S degree, were estimated from the temperature dependence of Kd to be -11.3 kcal/mol, +2.5 kcal/mol, and +47 cal/deg . mol, respectively. Thus, the binding of the myosin head with F-actin was shown to be endothermic and entropy-driven. PMID- 6530392 TI - Thrombin-inhibitory activity of whale heparin oligosaccharides. AB - Whale heparin was partially digested with a purified heparinase and the oligosaccharide fractions with 8-20 monosaccharide units were isolated from the digest by gel filtration on Sephadex G-50, followed by affinity chromatography on a column of antithrombin III immobilized on Sepharose 4B. A marked difference in the inhibitory activity for thrombin in the presence of antithrombin III was observed between the high-affinity fractions for antithrombin III of octasaccharide approximately hexadecasaccharide and those of octadecasaccharide approximately eicosasaccharide. The disaccharide compositions of these hexadeca-, octadeca-, and eicosasaccharides were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography after digestion with a mixture of purified heparitinases 1 and 2 and heparinase. The analytical data indicated that the proportions of trisulfated disaccharide (IdUA(2S)alpha 1----4GlcNS(6S)) and disulfated disaccharide (UA1--- 4GlcNS(6S)) increased with the manifestation of high thrombin-inhibitory activity, while that of monosulfated disaccharide (UA1----4GlcNS) decreased. The present observations, together with those so far reported, suggest that the presence of the former structural elements, specifically IdUA(2S)alpha 1--- 4GlcNS(6S), as well as the antithrombin III-binding pentasaccharide at the proper positions in the molecules of whale heparin oligosaccharides is essential for the manifestation of high inhibitory activity for thrombin in the presence of antithrombin III. The structural bases for the manifestation of the anticoagulant activity of whale and porcine heparins and their oligosaccharides are also discussed. PMID- 6530393 TI - Association of the liver peroxisomal fatty acyl-CoA beta-oxidation system with the synthesis of bile acids. AB - The association of liver peroxisomal fatty acyl-CoA beta-oxidizing system (FAOS) with the synthesis of bile acids was investigated. When rats were given clofibrate, a peroxisome proliferator and stimulator of peroxisomal FAOS, the biosynthesis of bile acids was significantly increased. Di(2 ethylhexyl)phthalate, another peroxisome proliferator, also increased the biosynthesis of bile acids. On the other hand, administration of orotate, an inhibitor of mitochondrial FAOS activity, did not affect the biosynthesis. It is known that fatty acyl-CoA oxidase [EC 1.3.99.3] in peroxisomal FAOS conjugates with catalase [EC 1.11.1.6]. When the catalase activity of liver peroxisomes was irreversibly inhibited by administration of 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole (amino triazole), the biosynthesis of bile acids was suppressed to about one-third, and the serum cholesterol level was increased. However, the bile acid components of the bile obtained from aminotriazole-treated rats were not essentially different from those of control rats, and no accumulation of intermediates of bile acid synthesis was found in this experiment. Peroxisomal FAOS activity of the liver from amino-triazole-treated rats was considerably lower than that of control liver. The above results indicate that liver peroxisomes play a role in the biosynthesis of bile acids in vivo. PMID- 6530394 TI - Isolation of fucosyl glycoproteins from human erythrocyte membranes by affinity chromatography using Aleuria aurantia lectin. AB - Fucosyl glycoproteins were fractionated from a sialoglycoprotein preparation of human erythrocyte membrane by using Aleuria aurantia lectin (AAL) coupled to Sepharose 4B. The affinity eluates were characterized as having high fucose content and significant H activity as measured in terms of N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) incorporation with A1-enzyme and hemagglutination inhibition assay with anti-H sera, and the unadsorbed fractions contained low levels of fucose and were devoid of apparent H activity. Neuraminidase treatment of the material improved the recovery of the affinity eluate. Thus, 66% of the applied asialoglycoprotein was recovered in the eluate, though only 10% of the untreated material was bound and eluted. Moreover, a fucose-rich and H-active fraction was obtained through the affinity chromatography of the previously unbound fraction after neuraminidase treatment. In sodium dodecyl sulfate-gel electrophoresis, the main component of both the unadsorbed and eluted fraction was revealed to be PAS-1 glycoprotein. These results indicate that AAL-Sepharose was effective for isolating fucose-containing compounds from the membrane glycoprotein especially after neuraminidase treatment. The reasons for the appearance of H activity in the affinity eluates are discussed. PMID- 6530395 TI - Mechanism of action of lipoprotein lipase on triolein particles: effect of apolipoprotein C-II. AB - Triolein particles stabilized by a phosphatidylcholine monolayer were used to study the lipoprotein lipase (LpL) reaction. They were prepared in two different sizes and with triolein and phosphatidylcholine in the molar ratios of 0.9-1.2 : 1 (small particles) and 8-17 : 1 (large particles). The rate of hydrolysis by LpL of phosphatidylcholine on the surface of both lipid particles was only 1/20 as much as that of triolein, even if it was activated to the maximum by apolipoprotein C-II (apoC-II). Thus, the phospholipase activity of LpL was low enough to measure the initial rate of hydrolysis of triolein without causing a gross change of the surface of the lipid particle. When the hydrolysis of triolein by LpL was monitored, fatty acid was released at a constant rate until all of the triolein molecules were hydrolyzed. The enzyme required 220 +/- 17 and 66 +/- 9 nM apoC-II for its half-maximal activity (Km (apoC-II] with small and large particles as a substrate (1.15 mM triolein for small and 2.13 mM triolein for large particles), respectively, using various concentrations of LpL. The Km(apoC-II) values for these two substrates became similar when LpL activity was analyzed with respect to the density of apoC-II on the phosphatidylcholine monolayer at the surface of the particles (bound apoC-II/phosphatidylcholine). The concentration of substrate particles did not affect the Km(apoC-II) values. The presence of an adequate amount of apoC-II increased the maximal activity of LpL (Vmax(triolein)) from 0.48 +/- 0.21 to 6.81 +/- 0.45 and from 0.32 +/- 0.04 to 7.13 +/- 0.64 mmol/h/mg with a slight decrease in the apparent Michaelis constant (Km(triolein)) for small (from 90 to 54 microM triolein) and large (from 1.00 to 0.65 mM triolein) particles, respectively. Although the apparent Km for triolein in large particles was about ten times greater than that in small particles, the values became similar when they were corrected for the concentration of phosphatidylcholine (50-100 microM phosphatidylcholine), which corresponded to the surface area of the substrate particles. It was suggested that bound apoC-II molecules were transferred relatively slowly to other lipid particles while LpL molecules moved rapidly among the lipid particles.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6530396 TI - Further studies on the red cell glycolipids of various breeds of dogs. A possible assumption about the origin of Japanese dogs. AB - Genetic polymorphism was observed in the sialic acid species constituting the terminal sugar residues of hematosides from dog erythrocytes. One was N acetylneuraminic acid and the other phenotype was N-glycolylneuraminic acid, regulated by an autosomal dominant allele (Yasue, S., Handa, S., Miyagawa, S., Inoue, J., Hasegawa, A., & Yamakawa, T. (1978) J. Biochem. 83, 1101-1107). In this study we analyzed blood samples from 1,591 dogs of 36 breeds and demonstrated that the expression of N-glycolylneuraminic acid was limited to several breeds of oriental dogs in spite of its dominant nature. Moreover, the incidence of N-glycolylneuraminic acid was higher in native breeds of northern China, Korea and the southern part of Japan than in other oriental breeds. On the other hand, the Hokkaido-dog is unique in not expressing N-glycolylneuraminic acid. These results suggest that the native breeds in the southern part of Japan came from northern China via the Korean peninsula in contrast with indigenous breeds of the northern part of Japan. PMID- 6530397 TI - Exo-beta-D-glucuronidase from the fungus Kobayasia nipponica. AB - The occurrence of three forms, I, II, and III, of exo-beta-D-glucuronidase of the fungus Kobayasia nipponica was demonstrated. These three forms were purified 1,905-fold, 857-fold, and 357-fold, respectively. Forms I, II, and III of exo beta-D-glucuronidase behaved differently on heparin-Sepharose chromatography, and differed in optimum pH (3.5, 3.2, and 2.6, respectively), pH-stability, Km (0.22, 0.16, and 0.13 mM, respectively), and Vmax (V) values. Their molecular weights, as estimated by gel filtration through Sephacryl S-200, were all 70,000; polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate gave a value of 72,000. These three forms were very active towards 1-4 linked beta-D glucuronans, (Formula: see text) and (Formula: see text), but weak or inactive towards protuberic acid and several glycosaminoglycans. PMID- 6530398 TI - Isolation and characterization of an endo-beta-D-glucuronidase from the fungus Kobayasia nipponica. AB - An endo-beta-D-glucuronidase was isolated and characterized from Kobayasia nipponica. The enzyme was purified by ammonium sulfate fractionation, CM-Sephadex chromatography, gel filtration with Sephacryl S-200, and heparin-Sepharose chromatography. The enzyme shows the following properties: optimum pH 5.0, thermal stability below 37 degrees C, pH stability 5-6, optimum temperature 45-55 degrees C, and Km 0.12% for L-idurono-D-glucuronan (protuberic acid (PA), L IdUA:D-GlcUA = 1:2) from Kobayasia nipponica, 0.19% for PF (L-IdUA:D-GlcUA = 1:3) from Pseudocolus fusiformis, and 0.23% for (1-4)-beta-D-glucuronan(mucoric acid) from Mucor mucedo as determined from Hofstee plots. The molecular weight values estimated by gel filtration through Sephacryl S-200 and Sephadex G-50 and by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate were 10,500 and 10,200, respectively. The endo-beta-D-glucuronidase was inactive towards several glycosaminoglycans. PMID- 6530399 TI - Importance of local positive charges on cytochrome f for electron transfer to plastocyanin and potassium ferricyanide. AB - To study the relationship between the electron transfer rate and the net or local charge of protein, chemically modified cytochrome f, in which positively charged amino groups are replaced with negatively charged carboxyl groups, has been prepared by using an arylating reagent 4-chloro-3,5-dinitrobenzoic acid. Four distinct species of chemically modified cytochrome f, having 1 to 4 mol of modified amino residues per mol of cytochrome f, were separated by preparative polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The rate of electron transfer from the reduced singly substituted cytochrome f to the oxidized spinach plastocyanin was only about 50% of that of the native unmodified cytochrome f. The reaction rate further decreased about 50% upon the modification of each amino residue. The biphasic oxidation of cytochrome f by plastocyanin was observed when more than 2 mol of amino residues were modified. The rate of the second phase also decreased with an increasing number of modified amino residues. On the other hand, the oxidation of chemically modified cytochrome f by potassium ferricyanide was clearly monotonic. The rate decreased about 30% upon the modification of each amino residue. The midpoint potentials of chemically modified cytochrome f were almost the same as that of the native protein. These results clearly indicate the importance of local positive charges on cytochrome f, since the overall net charge of cytochrome f is negative at neutral pH. The theory of electrostatic corrected outer-sphere electron transfer of Marcus explained the effect of charge on cytochrome f for the reaction with the small molecule of ferricyanide well, but not the reaction with the protein of plastocyanin. PMID- 6530400 TI - Increases in cathepsins B and L and thiol proteinase inhibitor in muscle of dystrophic hamsters. Their localization in invading phagocytes. AB - In dystrophic hamsters, increases in the levels of cathepsin B plus L and thiol proteinase inhibitor were marked in skeletal muscle, but only slight in heart muscle. The lysosomal hydrolases did not increase in parallel in dystrophic muscle: cathepsin B plus L and beta-glucuronidase increased, but cathepsin C and acid phosphatase did not. In immunohistochemical studies with antibodies against rat liver cathepsin B and thiol proteinase inhibitor, the proteinase and inhibitor were both stained in phagocytes, chiefly macrophages, but not in muscle cells, indicating that the increases in cathepsin B plus L and thiol proteinase inhibitor in dystrophic muscle are due to their presence in invading phagocytes. The levels of cathepsin B plus L, beta-glucuronidase and thiol proteinase inhibitor in isolated peritoneal macrophages were 50 to 180 times higher than those in skeletal muscle, but the levels of acid phosphatase and cathepsin C were only about 10 to 30 times those in skeletal muscle. Plots of the cathepsin B plus L activities versus the level of thiol proteinase inhibitor in homogenates of tissues of various animals showed an exponential rather than a linear relation between the two activities, suggesting that the syntheses of the proteinases are higher than that of the inhibitor in phagocytes invading dystrophic muscle. PMID- 6530401 TI - Purification and characterization of cytochrome P-450 specific for prostaglandin and fatty acid hydroxylase activities from the microsomes of rabbit small intestinal mucosa. AB - Earlier studies (Kusunose, E., Kaku, M., Ichihara, K., Yamamoto, S., Yano, I., & Kusunose, M. (1984) J. Biochem. 95, 1733-1739) showed that a form of cytochrome P 450 isolated from microsomes of rabbit small intestinal mucosa had the highest prostaglandin A1 (PGA1) hydroxylase activity so far reported among cytochrome P 450s. The present paper describes the procedure for the purification and further characterization of this cytochrome (designated as cytochrome P-450ia). Cytochrome P-450ia had a monomeric molecular weight of 53,000. The CO-difference spectra of its reduced form showed a maximal absorption at 451 nm, and the absolute spectra of its oxidized form indicated that cytochrome P-450ia was present largely in the low-spin state, and partially in the high-spin state. The cytochrome efficiently catalyzed the hydroxylation of fatty acids as well as prostaglandins in a reconstituted system containing cytochrome P-450, NADPH cytochrome P-450 reductase, phospholipid, and cytochrome b5. PGA1 was the most efficient substrate, followed by myristate, laurate, palmitate, caprate, and PGE1 or PGE2. Among phospholipids, didecanoyl- and dilauroylphosphatidylcholines had the most stimulatory effect for both activities. 20-Hydroxy PGA1 was identified as the hydroxylation product of PGA1 by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and mass fragmentography; the possibility of 19-hydroxy PGA1 being the product was excluded. In contrast, both omega- and (omega-1)-hydroxy fatty acids were identified as hydroxylation products of fatty acids. Cytochrome P-450ia had no detectable activity toward aminopyrine, benzphetamine, p-nitroanisole, 7 ethoxycoumarin, benzo(a)pyrene, or hexadecane. PMID- 6530402 TI - Bindings of Ca2+ and substrate analogs to a cobra venom phospholipase A2 in which the alpha-amino group is modified to an alpha-keto group. AB - The pH dependence of the chemical reaction rate of p-bromophenacyl bromide (BPB) with His 48 of cobra (Naja naja atra) venom phospholipase A2, in which the alpha NH2 group had been selectively modified to an alpha-keto group, was studied at 25 degrees C and ionic strength 0.1 in the absence of Ca2+. The pH-dependence curve was monophasic with a midpoint at pH 7.9, which corresponds to the pK value of His 48 of the alpha-NH2-modified enzyme, whereas the curve for the intact enzyme was biphasic, indicating participation of two ionizable groups with pK values of 7.3 and 8.55 (Teshima et al. (1982) J. Biochem. 91, 1778-1788). These two groups were thus identified as His 48 and the alpha-NH2 group, respectively. The pH dependence of the binding constant of Ca2+ to the alpha-NH2-modified enzyme was studied at 25 degrees C and ionic strength 0.1 by measuring the tryptophyl fluorescence changes. The pH-dependence curve was very similar to that for the intact enzyme (Teshima et al. (1981) J. Biochem. 89, 13-20), and it was interpreted in terms of participation of His 48 and Asp 49 (pK 5.4). The absence of participation of the alpha-NH2 group in the Ca2+ binding was thus confirmed. Bindings of monodispersed n-dodecylphosphorylcholine (n-C12PC) and micellar n hexadecylphosphorylcholine (n-C16PC) to the alpha-NH2-modified enzyme were studied at 25 degrees C and ionic strength 0.1 by the aromatic circular dichroism (CD) and tryptophyl fluorescence methods, respectively. The binding constant of the monodispersed substrate was very similar to that for the intact enzyme (Teshima et al. (1981) J. Biochem. 89, 1163-1174). The binding constant of the micellar substrate to the modified enzyme in the presence of Ca2+ was also very similar to that for the intact enzyme-Ca2+ complex (Teshima et al. (1983) J. Biochem. 94, 223-232), and the pH-dependence curve was interpreted in terms of participation of His 48. On the other hand, the binding constant of the micellar substrate to the modified apoenzyme was much smaller than that for the intact apoenzyme. Nevertheless, the pH-dependence curve could be interpreted in terms of participation of His 48 and Asp 49. From these findings, it was concluded that the ionization state of the alpha-NH2 group of cobra venom phospholipase A2 is essentially irrelevant to the bindings of Ca2+ and also of the monodispersed and micellar substrates. PMID- 6530404 TI - Ganglioside pattern of normal human brain, from samples obtained at surgery. A study especially referred to alkali labile species. AB - The ganglioside pattern from normal human temporal cortex and cerebellum has been studied in fresh specimens obtained at surgery. The analyses have been performed by two-dimensional thin layer chromatography with an intermediate ammonia treatment which is a methodology particularly suitable for resolving alkali labile gangliosides. Alkali labile gangliosides were detected in all the analyzed specimens and their content contributed to 23% and 11% of total lipid bound sialic acid, in temporal cortex and cerebellum, respectively. PMID- 6530403 TI - Histamine metabolism in patients with histidinemia: determination of urinary levels of histamine, N tau-methylhistamine, imidazole acetic acid, and its conjugate(s). AB - Histamine metabolism in histidinemic patients was studied by measuring the urinary levels of histamine and its metabolites. The urinary excretions of histamine, N tau-methylhistamine, imidazole acetic acid, and its conjugate(s) were higher in patients with histidinemia than in controls, and these levels of excretion were correlated with the plasma histidine level. The urinary histamine levels of patients with eczema-like dermatitis were twice that of those without dermatitis. The urinary excretion of 3-methylhistidine showed a close correlation with the urinary histidine excretion. Thus, it was concluded that histamine metabolism is higher in histidinemic patients than in normal controls. PMID- 6530405 TI - Effects of propranolol and exercise on cardiac dynamics and organ blood flow distribution in dogs. AB - The additive effects of propranolol and exercise on peripheral blood flow distribution were studied in conscious dogs. During treadmill exercise (8-10 km/h and 0% grade for 15 min.) cardiac performance increased significantly in parallel with myocardial and muscular blood flow (greater than 100%). Blood perfusion to liver and spleen decreased significantly (30% and 34%) while blood flow to other organs was unaltered. Under resting conditions propranolol only modified blood flow to liver and spleen (-50% and -38%). During exercise after propranolol a limited augmentation in cardiac performance and in myocardial and muscular blood flow was observed; splanchnic blood flow which was most affected by propranolol at rest did not further decrease during exercise after propranolol. The present observations demonstrate that propranolol, despite minor haemodynamic modifications, induces significant alterations in blood flow to splanchnic organs. The influence of beta-adrenoreceptor blockade was even more evident under conditions of augmented sympathetic activity as reflected by a significant limitation of increase in cardiac performance, myocardial and muscular blood flow and by a sustained redistribution of splanchnic blood flow during exercise after propranolol. PMID- 6530406 TI - Characteristics of the core protein of the aggregating proteoglycan from the Swarm rat chondrosarcoma. AB - A ternary complex of hyaluronic acid-binding region and link protein bound to hyaluronic acid was isolated from limit clostripain digests of proteoglycan aggregates isolated from the Swarm rat chondrosarcoma. Under these conditions, the hyaluronic acid-binding region has a molecular weight of approximately equal to 65,000 (HA-BR65). N-terminal amino acids in the complex were selectively 14C carbamylated. The resulting derivatized HA-BR65 was isolated, and tryptic peptide maps were prepared and developed on two-dimensional TLC sheets. A single, labeled peptide was obtained which gave a Mr by approximately equal to 8,000 by SDS-PAGE. Chymotrypsin digestion of the ternary complex reduced the molecular weight of HA BR65 to a polypeptide of approximately equal to 55,000 (HA-BR55) which still retains the same N-terminal tryptic peptide. Partial digestion of proteoglycan aggregates with clostripain generated a series of larger intermediates with the hyaluronic acid-binding region. Direct SDS-PAGE analysis revealed one major intermediate with approximately equal to 109,000 (HA-BR109) as well as HA-BR65. After chondroitinase digestion, two additional prominent intermediates were observed on a SDS-PAGE gel at Mr approximately equal to 120,000 (HA-BR120) and approximately equal to 140,000 (HA-BR140). All the intermediates were recognized by a monoclonal antibody specific for the hyaluronic acid-binding region, and all of them contained the same N-terminal tryptic peptide. The results indicate that the N terminus of the core protein is at the hyaluronic acid-binding end of the proteoglycan and that the chondroitin sulfate chains are first present on the core protein in a region between 109,000 and 120,000 molecular weight away from the N terminus. PMID- 6530407 TI - Studies on the biosynthesis of cartilage proteoglycan in a model system of cultured chondrocytes from the Swarm rat chondrosarcoma. AB - Biosynthesis of cartilage proteoglycan was examined in a model system of cultured chondrocytes from a transplantable rat chondrosarcoma. Extensive modification with the addition of chondroitin sulfate glycosaminoglycan, N-linked oligosaccharide, and O-linked oligosaccharide is required to convert a newly synthesized core protein precursor into a proteoglycan. Kinetic analyses revealed the presence of a large pool of core protein precursor (t 1/2 approximately 90 min) awaiting completion into proteoglycan. The large t 1/2 of this pool allowed kinetic labeling experiments with a variety of radioactive precursors to distinguish between early biosynthetic events associated primarily with the rough endoplasmic reticulum from late events associated primarily with the Golgi apparatus. The results of a series of experiments indicated that the addition of N-linked oligosaccharide chains occurs early in the biosynthetic process in association with the rough endoplasmic reticulum, whereas the initiation and completion of O-linked oligosaccharides occurs much later, at about the same time as chondroitin sulfate synthesis. This also indicated that keratan sulfate chains, when present in the completed molecule, are added in the Golgi apparatus, as they are probably built on oligosaccharide primers closely related to the O oligosaccharide chains. Furthermore, when 3H-glucose was used as the precursor, the entry of label into xylose, the linkage sugar between the core protein and the chondroitin sulfate chain, was found to occur within 5 min of the entry of label into galactose and galactosamine in the remainder of the chondroitin sulfate chain. This indicated that the initiation and completion of the chondroitin sulfate chain occurs late in the pathway probably entirely in the Golgi apparatus. Thus, proteoglycan synthesis can be described as occurring in two stages in this system, translation and N-glycosylation of a core protein precursor which has a long half-life in the rough endoplasmic reticulum, followed by extensive rapid modification in the Golgi complex in which the majority of glycosaminoglycan and oligosaccharide chains are added to the core protein precursor with subsequent rapid secretion into the extracellular matrix. PMID- 6530408 TI - [Is thallium scintigraphy of value in the preoperative localization of pathologic parathyroid glands?]. AB - 15 patients with primary hyperparathyroidism were studied by Thallium scintigraphy in order to localize, preoperatively, the parathyroid adenoma(s). Compared with the operative findings, the scintigrams provided correct information in 10 cases and false information in 5 cases. These results are therefore inferior to those previously reported in the literature. PMID- 6530409 TI - [Biliary cancer developing on a congenital cystic dilatation of the common bile duct. Apropos of a case]. AB - The authors report a new case of biliary cancer occurring in a 23 year old asiatic girl with congenital cystic dilatation of the common bile duct. After a review of the world literature, the authors recall the principal features of this congenital disease, which is becoming more common in France with the influx of Asian refugees. They stress the risk of malignant degeneration which is related to irritation of the mucosa and biliary stasis. Ideal treatment involves complete excision of the cyst. PMID- 6530410 TI - [Recent tracheobronchial ruptures caused by closed injuries of the thorax. Diagnosis and complications in 18 cases]. AB - Tracheo-bronchial ruptures are serious complications of thoracic trauma. The authors report their experience of 18 cases: 3 tracheal ruptures, 3 tears in the tracheal or bronchial membrane, 11 unilateral bronchial ruptures and 1 bilateral bronchial rupture. Diagnostic endoscopy was performed immediately in 9 cases, with a delay of 2 to 3 days in 6 cases and with a longer delay (15th, 23rd and 25th days) in 3 cases. The treatment was non-operative in the 3 cases with membranous tears. The other patients were operated by resection of the contused area and end-to-end anastomosis of the ruptured extremities: within 24 hours following the diagnosis in 10 cases, and after a delay in the 5 other cases. The post-operative course was uncomplicated in 13 cases; 1 patient developed a bronchial stenosis requiring pneumonectomy and 4 patients died, including 2 from infective lesions due to delay in the diagnosis. PMID- 6530411 TI - [Arguments for surgical treatment of severe sprains of the external lateral ligament of the tibiotarsal joint]. AB - Chronic instability of the ankle joint is a frequent long-term result of treatment of severe sprains. This is due to repeated strains, and may lead to true disability in some cases. It would appear necessary, therefore, when a certain angle of varus, the subject of debate, is exceeded to perform ligamentary suture of the external lateral ligament of the tibiotarsal joint. This procedure, which is simple to carry out, is free from complications and provides constantly good results, should be preferred to orthopedic treatment as confirmed by data described in the conclusion to this article. PMID- 6530412 TI - [Opening of an emergency center in the University Hospital Center of Vaud]. AB - Previously decentralised, non-programmed attendances, followed or not by hospitalisation (emergency admissions) at the C.H.U.V. were seen in 7 different sectors. In the context of the opening of a new hospital building for the C.H.U.V., emergencies were concentrated in a new common area known as the "Emergency Centre". The article describes the organisation of this new sector as well as its activity during the first year of its working (7 months). The centre received approximately 1800 patients per month, 51% examined and treated in the department of surgery, 28% by the department of internal medicine, the rest being under the primary responsibility of services of otorhinolaryngology, paediatrics and paediatric surgery and dermatology. Description of the sector includes some maps to demonstrate the architectural concept and its use in case of mass casualties. PMID- 6530413 TI - [Outcome of nonsurgically treated pseudoappendicular syndromes in children. Retrospective study of 479 cases]. AB - A retrospective study was conducted to assess outcome in 479 children admitted to a surgical pediatric department with pseudo-appendicular syndromes untreated by surgery. A precise diagnosis had been made during the first admission in 186 cases. At a later date, each child had been examined clinically and a detailed history taken, or a questionnaire was sent to the families or treating physician. Replies were received concerning 263 children, including 205 who had had no further episode of abdominal pain, 24 who had had similar atypical bouts of abdominal pain and 34 who had been operated upon at a later date (representing 12.9% of replies). These findings would appear to justify avoidance of surgery, after admission for observation, whenever the atypical symptomatology, negative results of paraclinical investigations and the progression towards total remission of the affection is observed. PMID- 6530414 TI - [Left inferior vena cava and aneurysm of the abdominal aorta]. AB - A case of isolated left-sided inferior vena cava, without situs inversus, in a patient with abdominal aortic aneurysm is reported. On the basis of a review of literature, the authors recall the incidence and the embryology of this anomaly, and analyze its surgical implications, with particular reference to abdominal aortic surgery. PMID- 6530415 TI - [Colo-duodenal fistula caused by cancer of the right colonic flexure treated by right extended hemicolectomy associated with a mucosal patch using a terminal ileal pedicled graft. Apropos of a case]. AB - A considerable loss of substance of the duodenal wall makes its repair very difficult especially if this exceeds two-thirds of its circumference and is located around its entire second portion. Such a pathological or traumatic localization calls for extensive surgery-cephalic duodenopancreatectomy requiring several gastrojejunal, biliodigestive and the pancreaticodigestive shunts. If straightforward repair was possible, this could lead to stenosis and to a fistula producing complications and the death of the patient through peritonitis and hydroelectrolytic and metabolic imbalance. The mucous patch seems to us the last and only solution after other known techniques. PMID- 6530416 TI - [Personal experience with Shouldice's technic. Preliminary results]. PMID- 6530417 TI - [Idiopathic colorectal intussusception in adults]. PMID- 6530418 TI - High-performance liquid chromatography of substituted p-benzoquinones and p hydroquinones. I. Interplay of on-column redox reaction and the chromatographic retention process. AB - Chromatograms exhibiting unusual elution profiles were obtained in the reversed phase chromatography of methoxy-substituted hydroquinones with hydro-organic mobile phases. The dependence of the elution profiles on the flow-rate and the mass of injected sample indicated that peaks were caused by the interplay of the chromatographic retention process and the concomitant oxidation of hydroquinones in the chromatographic column. The reaction was first investigated in free solution and the first-order rate constants and equilibrium constants were estimated for the oxidation of 2-methoxy-, 2,5-dimethoxy-, 2,6-dimethoxy-, 2,3,5 trimethoxy- and 2,3,5,6-tetramethoxyhydroquinones. The effect of Fe3+ and Cu2+ on the oxidation of 2,6-dimethoxyhydroquinone was also examined and it was found that Fe3+ caused a ten-fold increase in the reaction rate. The oxidation of 2 methoxy- and 2,6-dimethoxyhydroquinones in the chromatographic column showed first-order and zerothorder kinetic behavior at low and high sample loads, respectively. Such change in reaction order is typical for heterogeneous reactions that follow Langmuir-Hinshelwood kinetics and suggests the existence of catalytically active sites on the silica. Upon purging the columns with EDTA, on column oxidation of the hydroquinones was attenuated so that no reaction zones appeared on the chromatogram. Subsequent loading of the column with Fe3+, however, gave rise to broad reaction zones and possibly to total conversion of the hydroquinones to benzoquinones in the column. In all cases investigated the rate of oxidation was much higher in the column than in free solution. On the basis of the results obtained here, heavy mental-catalyzed reaction at the stationary phase surface is proposed to be the dominant mechanism for the oxidation reaction examined here. PMID- 6530419 TI - UV visualization of inorganic anions by reversed-phase ion-interaction chromatography: factors that control sensitivity and detection. AB - This paper describes a chromatographic technique and detection scheme for inorganic anion analysis. Factors that affect sensitivity and detection are discussed, including the concentration and molar absorptivity of the ion interaction reagent (IIR) as well as the retention of the eluite ion relative to the retention of the system peak. An ideal system will employ a low IIR concentration, so that a detection wavelength corresponding to a high IIR molar absorptivity can be used to monitor the eluites. In addition, eluites that are eluted before the system peak have much lower response factors than those eluted after the system peak. Furthermore, eluites that are not well separated from the system peak have response factors that are many times larger than eluites that are eluted either before or after the system peak. Computer simulations were performed that predict these response factors. PMID- 6530420 TI - Ammonium acetate: a general purpose buffer for clinical applications of high performance liquid chromatography. AB - The chromatographic properties of ammonium acetate have been studied, and its use as a general purpose buffer for reversed-phase chromatography has been investigated. Simple ammonium acetate systems can often replace complicated and expensive buffers, with or without ion-pairing agents, with improved column selectivity and efficiency. A wide range of clinically important compounds have been successfully separated by ammonium acetate buffer systems. These include creatinine, bilirubin, verapamil and its metabolites, etoposide and teniposide, vitamin A, biogenic amines and porphyrins. PMID- 6530421 TI - Computer-aided strategies for archive retrieval and sensitivity enhancement in the identification of drugs by photodiode array detection in high-performance liquid chromatography. AB - An archive retrieval algorithm for high-performance liquid chromatography with UV detection (HPLC-UV) has been developed for the first time for the rapid identification of spectra acquired by rapid-scanning photodiode array detection in HPLC. The algorithm is based on a database of spectra (normalised with respect to area), inverse files of key spectral features, a selective search window, with parabolic weighting factors and least-squares comparison of test and retrieved spectra. The performance of the library search system is demonstrated with respect to a small library of solutes, including: cortisone acetate, ethynyl estradiol, ethisterone, progesterone; caffeine, theobromine, theophylline and 8 chlorotheophylline; morphine and diamorphine; and cycloserine. Since photodiode array detection operates in the domains of both wavelength and time, to generate a matrix of (A, lambda, t) data, the optimum conditions for sensitivity enhancement by ensemble averaging in these domains have been examined. At a given observation wavelength, increase in the detector bandwidth (or "diode bunching") yields a value of delta lambda which gives optimum sensitivity; this value is systematically related to the spectral bandwidth of the analyte. Sensitivity can also be optimised by varying the integration period in the time domain. Sensitivity can be further increased by combination of these instrumental optima, for which there is evidence of dependence on the particular instrument design. Response was found to be linear for detector bandwidths up to twice the optimum value. The comparative sensitivity of some commercially-available photodiode array detectors has been assessed relative to that of conventional detectors under strictly controlled conditions. PMID- 6530422 TI - Analysis of steroids in bulk pharmaceuticals by liquid chromatography with light scattering detection. AB - A detector for liquid chromatography based on light-scattering was evaluated to determine its application to pharmaceutical analysis. It performed adequately as a mass detector in liquid-solid chromatography of steroids, since response factors were equal to within 20%. The detection limit was approximately 0.5 micrograms. In reversed-phase chromatography response factors varied from 0.13 to 1.0 because of partial vaporization of some steroids. Stable baselines were obtained in gradient elution chromatography, but response varied with solvent composition. This detector was useful for determining impurities in bulk pharmaceuticals. PMID- 6530423 TI - Screening for new microbial products by high-performance liquid chromatography using a photodiode array detector. AB - The screening for new microbial metabolites in culture filtrates from Streptomyces tendae TU 901 by high-performance liquid chromatography using a photodiode array detector resulted in detection of new compounds related to the parent compounds. Six peaks in the elution profiles of different strains could be identified as potential new nikkomycins, a group of nucleoside-peptide antibiotics. Structure elucidation confirmed the assumption for new nikkomycin structures. PMID- 6530424 TI - Amperometric detection of muramic acid in high-performance liquid chromatography with a post-column reaction. AB - Highly sensitive detection of muramic acid has been developed by using an amperiometric detector in high-performance liquid chromatography. The reducing ability of muramic acid was coupled with the redox reaction of bis(1,10 phenanthroline)copper(II), CBP, as mediator. CBP, reduced by muramic acid in a post-column reaction, was reoxidized with the amperometric detector, resulting in a highly sensitive and selective detection. A doublet peak was obtained, due to the alpha- and beta-anomers of muramic acid. This was merged into a single peak by adding phosphoric acid to the sample solution. Addition of phosphoric acid to serum, spiked with muramic acid, also clarified the chromatogram. The detection limit was 0.05 ppm (4 pmol of muramic acid injected) in serum samples. PMID- 6530425 TI - Detection of nitro-polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in liquid chromatography by zinc reduction and peroxyoxalate chemiluminescence. AB - Detection limits in the range 0.25-8.5 pg have been obtained for nitro-polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (nitro-PAHs) in high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The nitro-PAHs are reduced on-line to the corresponding amino-PAHs and detected by peroxyoxalate chemiluminescence. Quantitative reduction is achieved on a short (3.5 X 0.32 cm) column packed with a 1:1 mixture of glass beads (ca. 40 micron) and zinc particles (40-80 micron). The mobile phase consists of 70-80% acetonitrile, the balance being a 50-mM tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane hydrochloride (pH 6.5) buffer, which is necessary both for the reduction and for catalysis of the chemiluminescent reaction. The amino-PAHs are excited by energy transfer from the decomposition products of the reaction between hydrogen peroxide and bis(2,4,6-trichlorophenyl)oxalate. These reagents are introduced by post-column mixing, and the emission is detected by means of a conventional fluorescence detector with its light source turned off. We reported the high sensitivity and selectivity of peroxyoxalate chemiluminescence toward amino-PAHs in earlier work. The method yields a linear response over at least three orders of magnitude, and in most cases the detection limits are better than those obtained by fluorescence detection with the same fluorometer. The reduction column may be placed either before or after the analytical column, so that the analytes are eluted either as the nitro-PAHs or the corresponding amino-PAHs. This feature provides a second characteristic retention time and is useful in identifying the detected compounds. The technique has been applied to the selective detection of nitro-PAHs in carbon black. The carbon black samples were Soxhlet extracted with toluene, evaporated to dryness, and the extracts redissolved in methylene chloride for direct injection into the HPLC column. The principal compounds found in the carbon black samples were poly-substituted nitro PAHs and unsubstituted PAHs. This method provides a sensitive and selective method for the analysis of complex samples for these environmentally important mutagens. PMID- 6530426 TI - Wide-pore silica-based ether-bonded phases for separation of proteins by high performance hydrophobic-interaction and size-exclusion chromatography. AB - This paper examines the use of wide-pore silica-based hydrophilic ether-bonded phases for the chromatographic separation of proteins under mild elution conditions. In particular, ether phases of the following structure identical to Si-(CH2)3-O-(CH2-CH2-O)n-R, where n = 1, 2, 3 and R = methyl, ethyl or n-butyl, have been prepared. These phases can be employed either in high-performance hydrophobic-interaction or size-exclusion chromatography, depending on mobile phase conditions. In the hydrophobic-interaction mode, a gradient of decreasing salt concentration, e.g., from 3 M ammonium sulfate (pH 6.0, 25 degrees C), yields sharp peaks with high mass recovery of active proteins. In this mode, retention can be controlled by salt type and concentration, as well as by column temperature. In the size-exclusion mode, use of medium ionic strength, e.g., 0.5 M ammonium acetate (pH 6.0) yields linear calibration of log (MW[eta]) vs. retention volume. Even at 0.05 M salt concentration, no stationary phase charge effects on protein elution are observed. These bonded-phase columns exhibit good column-to-column reproducibility and constant retention for at least five months of continual use. Examples of the high-performance separation of proteins in both modes are illustrated. PMID- 6530427 TI - Measurement of adsorption isotherms by liquid chromatography. AB - Adsorption behavior on silica-bound hydrocarbonaceous sorbents used in high performance liquid chromatography was investigated by frontal chromatography and elution on a plateau, and procedures were developed for data collection, analysis and correlation. Isotherms of selected compounds were measured, including several of biological relevance. The relative merits of various dynamic methods of isotherm measurement were compared and illustrated by experimental findings. The frontal analysis technique was determined to be more accurate and convenient than other methods. A miniaturized liquid chromatographic system was constructed to measure isotherms with milligram quantities of material by frontal development. The performance of this apparatus compared favorably with that of equipment which has dimensions usual in high-performance liquid chromatography and requires orders of magnitude greater amounts of a substance for isotherm measurement. Thus the miniaturized system is eminently suited for applications when the substance of interest is in short supply, as is the case with many biological substances. The effects of operating parameters on adsorption behavior were investigated, both to optimize the procedure, and to further explore the fundamental of the process. PMID- 6530428 TI - Direct liquid chromatographic separation of enantiomers on immobilized protein stationary phases. IV. Molecular interaction forces and retention behaviour in chromatography on bovine serum albumin as a stationary phase. AB - Chromatography with the use of immobilized bovine serum albumin as a stationary phase and aqueous buffer systems as eluents has proved to be a highly selective method, capable of separating structurally very closely related compounds. Retention can be effectively regulated by changes in at least three independent parameters of the mobile phase, which may be used for an optimization of separation factors. Particularly, the enantioselective properties of the chiral stationary phase have been demonstrated to be useful for the analytical resolution of a variety of racemates into enantiomers. From the variation of the retention behaviour with substituent effects, as well as the mobile phase composition, some indications regarding the molecular interaction forces regulating the substrate-protein equilibria have been obtained. PMID- 6530429 TI - Purification of glycopeptides of human plasma proteins by high-performance liquid chromatography. AB - The combination of gel permeation chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography proves to be very effective for the purification of high-molecular weight glycopeptides containing a single glycan, that have been difficult to separate by other procedures. In order to facilitate comparison of the chromatographic properties of glycopeptides derived from a variety of proteins and having different structures, identical procedures were used for their purification. The method was applied to a series of human plasma proteins, including immunoglobulin D, ceruloplasmin, hemopexin, beta-2-glycoprotein I, 3.1S alpha-2-leucine-rich glycoprotein, and alpha-1-B-glycoprotein. All the purified glycopeptides were placed in the protein structure of these plasma proteins. In several cases the carbohydrate structure has been determined by collaborating groups. Immunoglobulin D is the first example of a glycoprotein whose entire primary structure has been defined by utilizing a a single protein source. Furthermore, hemopexin and 3.1S alpha-2-leucine-rich glycoprotein were both found to contain GalN oligosaccharide, which had not previously been identified in these proteins. The method was also used to identify the oligosaccharide that is missing in a carbohydrate variant of ceruloplasmin. PMID- 6530430 TI - Comparison of hydrophobic-interaction and reversed-phase chromatography of proteins. AB - The variable hydrophobic nature of proteins allows their separation through differential hydrophobic surface interactions. From these observations two modes of protein chromatography have been developed, hydrophobic-interaction chromatography (HIC) and reversed-phase chromatography (RPC). Selectivity of the HIC column can be easily manipulated by changing mobile phase variables. Protein retention was increased by decreasing the pH from neutrality or by using a salt with a greater "salting-out" ability. In addition, selectivity can be altered through chemical modification of the matrix surface. Protein retention and resolution decreased concomitantly with matrix ligand density. There were several major differences in HIC and RPC selectivity. Hydrophilic proteins such as cytochrome c and myoglobin were weakly retained on the HIC column but strongly retained on the RPC column. In contrast, a hydrophobic protein such as beta glucosidase was strongly retained on the HIC column and only weakly retained on the RPC column. Other proteins were retained equally by RPC and HIC columns. Load capacity on the HIC column was determined by plotting resolution as a function of protein load. Resolution decreased significantly after 7.5 mg of total protein had been loaded onto the column per cm3 of column material. Samples of lactic dehydrogenase and alpha-chymotrypsin ranging in size from 10-200 micrograms were recovered from an HIC column with greater than 86% enzymatic activity in all cases. The recovery of enzymatic activity of alpha-chymotrypsin ranged from 55 91%, while none of the activity of beta-glucosidase was recovered from the RPC column. PMID- 6530431 TI - Effect of surfactants on the separation of proteins by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography. I. Non-ionic surfactants (Tween). AB - The retention of a number of proteins on diphenyl-bonded silica coated with non ionic surfactants (Tween) was investigated. It was found that a hydrophilic surface is formed by the interaction of Tween with the diphenyl groups on the packing surface. The hydrophilic stationary phase generated can be used for the size-exclusion chromatography of proteins. PMID- 6530432 TI - Molecular weight measurement of human satietin. AB - Attempts were made to estimate the actual molecular weight of satietin, an endogenous food intake inhibitor, by means of classical and high-performance gel filtration and gel electrophoresis. Satietin, which proved to be a glycoprotein, was isolated from human plasma. Sephacryl S-300 gel and TSK-GEL G 3000 SW columns were used as media for gel filtration and gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS-PAGE), respectively. A relatively good correlation was established between the molecular weight measurements carried out by different methods, although satietin as a carbohydrate-rich glycoprotein gave an underestimated value by gel filtration when the calibration graphs were constructed with simple proteins. The molecular weight of satietin was determined to be about 43,000 daltons by SDS-PAGE and 29,000 daltons by gel filtration when using a buffer containing 1% of sodium dodecyl sulphate. PMID- 6530433 TI - Comparison of low- and high-pressure affinity chromatography for the purification of serine and sulfhydryl esterases. AB - A series of affinity chromatography packings for the purification of serine and sulfhydryl esterases (acetylcholinesterase, alkaline phosphatase, urokinase and papain) have been synthesized using commercially available agarose, glass and acrylate parent matrices. Two ligands were coupled to the matrices by utilizing carbodiimide or reaction with active groups already present on the matrix: the quaternary ammonium compound trimethyl(p-aminophenyl)ammonium chloride and the serine esterase inhibitor analog p-aminobenzamidine. It was found that enzyme purification on the agarose- or acrylate-based packings was most successful, resulting in as much as fifty-fold purification over starting material. The pressure stability of the acrylate packing allowed purification by high-pressure affinity chromatography and decreased purification times as much as six-fold in comparison to agarose columns. PMID- 6530434 TI - Procedures for direct injections of untreated blood plasma into liquid chromatographic columns with emphasis on a pre-column venting technique. AB - The stability of reversed-phase liquid chromatographic systems when untreated blood plasma samples are applied was studied with respect to retention, peak efficiency and column back-pressure. The influence of the content of organic solvents in the eluent, the flow-rate and the particle diameter of the support was investigated. Many of the column-deteriorating effects seem to be due to denaturation of the plasma proteins and the kinetics of this process. The stability is increased by decreasing the content of organic modifier in the eluent. The flow-rate should be moderate, as both high and low flow-rates give decreased stability. The stability increases with increasing particle size of the solid phase. A small pre-column is used (1) as a guard column and (2) to effect a pre-separation of the solute from plasma matrix components by a pre-column venting technique. The pre-column venting technique considerably increases the lifetime of the system and especially the separation column. Under optimal conditions hundreds of injections (10 microliters of plasma) can be performed without loss of stability. PMID- 6530435 TI - Kinetics of unfolding of proteins on hydrophobic surfaces in reversed-phase liquid chromatography. AB - As a continuation of previous studies, we present in this paper measurements on the kinetics of denaturation of papain, soybean trypsin inhibitor and lysozyme on n-butyl-bonded silica gel surfaces used in reversed-phase liquid chromatography (RPLC). In all cases, native and denatured peaks widely separated from one another are observed. The rate constants for denaturation or unfolding are determined by the measurement of the peak area of the native protein as a function of the incubation time that the species spends on the bonded-phase surface. The results reveal that a slow denaturation step occurs with a half-life of ca. 15 min. In addition, studies of denaturation as a function of the amount of 1-propanol in the initial mobile phase suggest an additional unfolding step when the protein comes in contact with the bonded-phase surface. The extent of this latter step decreases as the concentration of 1-propanol increases, further suggesting that 1-propanol sorption on the bonded stationary phase may play a role in this behavior. Other studies are conducted with alpha-chymotrypsinogen, in which injection is made after the start of the gradient. The extent of denaturation is observed to be a function of the organic modifier employed. The results of this paper provide insight into the denaturation process in RPLC and suggest approaches to minimize this behavior. PMID- 6530436 TI - Determination of urinary and plasma dihydroxyphenylalanine by coupled-column high performance liquid chromatography with C8 and C18 stationary phases. AB - This paper describes a rapid, simple and sensitive method for measurement of L dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) in biological fluids. The method uses a two step frontal-chromatographic clean-up, followed by coupled minibore HPLC with electrochemical detection. The use of phenylboronate removes the peaks that interfere with the detection of DOPA. Inclusion of [14C]DOPA corrects for any variability in recovery. PMID- 6530437 TI - Determination of penicillin G and cloxacillin residues in beef and pork tissue by high-performance liquid chromatography. AB - Tissues were homogenized and then deproteinized with acetonitrile. The acetonitrile extract was partitioned between dichloromethane and pH 2.2 buffer and then extracted with pH 7 buffer. After addition of ammonium sulfate to the aqueous solution, it was mixed with acetonitrile. The acetonitrile extract was separated and evaporated, and the residue was taken up in water. The aqueous solution was analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) on a C18, 10-microns particle size, reversed-phase column using gradient elution with 0.01 M orthophosphoric acid-acetonitrile (from 80:20 to 40:60 in 20 min) at a flow rate of 1 ml/min and UV absorbance detection at 220 nm. Recoveries were generally greater than 90% with all tissues. Data on incurred residues from a treated cow showed recoveries of penicillin which were frequently several times higher by HPLC than by bioassay. Sensitivity limits in muscle were about 0.05 ppm for both penicillin G and cloxacillin, but higher in liver and kidney because of interferences. The method is suitable for other monobasic penicillins but not for dibasic or amphoteric penicillins. PMID- 6530438 TI - High-performance liquid chromatography with amperometric determination of plasma tyramine. AB - A method for the measurement of tyramine in human plasma is described. It is based on tetraphenylboron ion-pair extraction and reversed-phase ion-pairing liquid chromatography with amperometric detection. Tyramine can be reliably measured in the range 5-200 ng/ml with an absolute limit of detection of 0.50 ng/ml at a signal-to-noise ratio of 2.0. Correction for variable recovery is made by using a tritiated tyramine internal standard. This assay is suitable for studies on the bioavailability of ingested tyramine and should thus have a role in the development of safer monoamine oxidase inhibitor drugs. PMID- 6530439 TI - Determination of urinary 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol by liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. AB - The increasing popularity of urinary 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG) determinations has placed a demand on clinical laboratories to provide these data. Previous methods for MHPG either exhibit unacceptable performance, are too slow, or utilize instrumentation not commonly employed in these laboratories. The liquid chromatography electrochemical detection method described here has several positive features. MHPG is isolated by extraction, separated by liquid chromatography, and quantitated at an amperometric electrode. The precision, simplicity, and relatively low cost makes this new method an ideal choice for the clinical laboratory. PMID- 6530440 TI - High-performance liquid chromatography of dicarboxylic porphyrins and metalloporphyrins: retention behaviour and biomedical applications. AB - The retention behaviour of the main dicarboxylic porphyrins, haemato-, deutero-, meso- and protoporphyrins, together with the Fe, Co, Cu and Zn complexes of meso- and protoporphyrins have been systematically studied. Hydrophobic chromatography with methanol-ammonium acetate buffer systems on reversed-phase columns provided the best selectivity, efficiency and resolution. The retention of the porphyrins is controlled by the relative hydrophobicity of the porphyrin side-chain substituents. The insertion of a metal ion into the porphyrin macrocycle, however, completely alters the electronic environment around the central nitrogen atoms of the porphyrins. The retention is then greatly influenced by the species of inserted metal ion, to accept axial ligands from the mobile phase, although hydrophobic interaction of the side-chain substituents with the stationary phase surface is still an important factor. The retention behaviour can be precisely controlled by adjusting the pH, buffer concentrations and types and proportions of organic solvents in the mobile phase. The analysis of porphyrins and metalloporphyrins in blood, and the determination of ferrochelatase in bone marrow are examples of biomedical applications. PMID- 6530441 TI - Determination of vitamin A and vitamin A acetate by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. AB - A rapid and sensitive high-performance liquid chromatographic method with fluorescence detection has been devised for the analysis of vitamin A (retinol) and its acetate. The method employs a C18 reversed-phase column and methanol as an eluent. The detection of these two compounds is monitored with fluorescence excitation at 348 nm and emission at 470 nm. Detector noise established the lower limit of quantitation at approximately 0.5 ng. Plasma samples were employed to evaluate the accuracy, reproducibility, and applicability of the method. Less than 1 ng of vitamin A in plasma (as low as 1 microliter) can be quantitated by this procedure. PMID- 6530442 TI - Automatic amino acid and sugar analysis of glycoproteins. AB - Amino acid analyzers were used for complete analyses of glycoproteins. The methods of analysis used were cation-exchange chromatography for amino acids, phosphoamino acids and amino sugars with ninhydrin as reagent, and anion-exchange chromatography for neutral sugars with copper Bicinchoninate as reagent. A separate program was developed for the analysis of charged sugar components, N acetylneuraminic acid and amino sugars in one chromatogram. The possibility of detection of radioactively labelled components is also demonstrated. The detection limits and possibilities for column and reactor switches are discussed. PMID- 6530443 TI - Determination of trace levels of steroids in blood plasma by liquid chromatography with peroxyoxalate chemiluminescence detection. AB - A highly sensitive and specific liquid chromatographic procedure with peroxyoxalate chemiluminescence detection has been developed for the determination of fluocortin butyl, a 3 alpha-ketocorticosteroid, in blood plasma. The technique employs dansylation of the steroid to provide a highly chemiluminescent derivative. After separation by reversed-phase liquid chromatography, reagents necessary for chemiluminescence are added, followed by detection in a conventional fluorimetric detector in which the excitation source is deactivated. The precision is 2.5% relative standard deviation at the 10 ng/ml level, and the response is linear up to at least 4 ng injected steroid. The procedure requires only 1 ml blood plasma and has a limit of detection of 100 pg/ml or 7.5 pg injected steroid. The system is reliably used for routine pharmacokinetic studies and with modifications, is applicable to other steroids as well. PMID- 6530444 TI - Rapid chromatographic purification of urinary steroid glucuronates for determination of aldosterone secretion rate. AB - Aldosterone secretion rate (ASR) is utilized as a rapid screening procedure to detect subtle forms of hypertension. A rapid and robust chromatographic method has been developed, based on easily prepared, rigid matrices, which permit the flow of urine by suction through sequential purification columns. Both major metabolites, aldosterone glucuronate and tetrahydroaldosterone glucuronate, are isolated in ca. 75% yield. They are hydrolyzed and quantitated by high performance liquid chromatography-radioimmunoassay (HPLC-RIA) or, for bulk preparation, further purified by preparative chromatofocusing. These two polar conjugates are isolated in nearly pure form by HPLC on a C2 column with a two step gradient. An ASR determination can be completed in one to two working days; preparative-scale work takes somewhat longer. PMID- 6530445 TI - Clinical applications of the rapid high-performance liquid chromatographic determination of serum cortisol. AB - We report a rapid and specific analytical method for the measurement of serum cortisol by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The method allows the diagnostic measurement of cortisol in emergency clinical circumstances of glucocorticoid deficiency or excess. Results obtained by HPLC are comparable to those by radioimmunoassay. The lower limit of sensitivity is 6 ng cortisol per ml of serum. PMID- 6530446 TI - Determination of caffeine in tea by high-performance liquid chromatography and a modified digestion procedure. AB - A more rapid and efficient method of sample preparation was needed for caffeine determination than the ones currently available. A variation of the existing AOAC method for coffee was developed using a Tecator digestion block normally used in determining nitrogen. Replicate samples were analyzed varying the digestion time and MgO content. The analysis parameters yielding the best results were chosen for the final method. PMID- 6530447 TI - Determination of quinonoid dihydrobiopterin by liquid chromatography and electrochemical detection. AB - Tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) is a required cofactor for the hydroxylation of the amino acids phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan. Quinonoid dihydrobiopterin (q BH2) is the natural product of the oxidation of BH4 in these enzymatic reactions. This report describes a method based on liquid chromatography and electrochemical detection for the determination of q-BH2 in synthetic and biological samples. This methodology is used to study the electrochemistry of q-BH2 formed by oxidation of BH4 and in the hydroxylation of phenylalanine by phenylalanine hydroxylase. PMID- 6530448 TI - High-performance liquid chromatographic-fluorometric determination of cinnamaldehyde in perfume, cologne and toilet water. AB - A high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC)-fluorometric method is described for the determination of trans-cinnamaldehyde in fragrances. The fragrance is added to isooctane and extracted with an aqueous solution of the sodium salt of 6 aminocaproic acid to isolate the aldehyde fraction. After dilution with water, an aliquot of the extract is added to a solution of 1,2-diaminonaphthalene monosulfate in dilute formic acid. The fluorescent derivative of cinnamaldehyde, 2-styrylnaphth[1,2-d]imidazole, is prepared by incubating and then cooling the solution and adding pyridine. Aliquots of the fluorophore solution are analyzed on a reversed-phase C18 HPLC column by using a buffered tetrahydrofuran-water eluent. Cinnamaldehyde is quantitated by comparing fluorescence emission intensity with that of a standard. Recoveries from samples of various commercial fragrances, spiked with cinnamaldehyde at the 0.01, 0.05 and 0.1% levels, ranged from 94 to 112% with a mean of 103% and a standard deviation of 5.3. The limit of detection is approximately 1 ng. PMID- 6530449 TI - Laser fluorimetry for capillary column liquid chromatography: high-sensitivity detection of derivatized biological compounds. AB - A high-sensitivity, low-dead-volume laser-induced fluorescence detector has been designed for use in capillary column liquid chromatography. This detector exhibits femtogram detection limits and a linear dynamic range spanning five orders of magnitude. Derivatization schemes were utilized to add a fluorescent moiety to biologically important compounds such that their excitation maxima corresponded well with the output wavelength of the laser. Sample chromatograms are presented for picogram amounts of standard bile acid and steroid hormone derivatives. In addition, a high-efficiency separation of picogram amounts of the solvolyzable steroid hormones from human serum is illustrated. PMID- 6530450 TI - Determination of tenoxicam, and the isolation, identification and determination of Ro 17-6661, its major metabolite, in human urine. AB - A high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the determination of tenoxicam (Ro 12-0068, I) and the hydroxy metabolite Ro 17-6661 (II) in human urine has been developed. The parent drug and metabolite were extracted from acidified urine by means of an Extrelut column with chloroform. The evaporated eluate was analysed on a C18 reversed-phase column with methanol-phosphate buffer as the mobile phase and UV detection at 371 nm. The detection limit for both compounds in a 1-ml sample was 50 ng/ml (C.V. 7%). The inter- and intra-assay precision up to 20 micrograms/ml was 3-6%. The method was applied to the analysis of I and II in the urine of a human subject who had received a 40-mg oral dose of the drug. Approximately 36% of the dose was eliminated in the urine as II, and less than 0.5% as unchanged I. After enzymatic hydrolysis of the urine, an extra 2% of the dose was found as II. Compound II was isolated from human urine by preparative thin-layer chromatography and identified by comparison of its mass and proton resonance spectra with those of an authentic specimen. PMID- 6530451 TI - Influence of solute polarity in column-switching chromatography for the assay of drugs in plasma and urine. AB - The polarity of a drug is one of the most important parameters for the elaboration of switching systems. If the polarity of the drug is low or medium, "reversed-phase" chromatography is well adapted. The plasma or urine sample is diluted with water, centrifuged and injected first into a column of medium polarity (C2, CN or diol bonded phases). The compounds of interest are stopped on the top of the column and rinsed with water, then eluted and chromatographed on a C8 or C18 analytical column. A third column of still lower polarity can be added to improve the specificity of the system. In each successive step, the polarities of the mobile phases and columns should be decreased to reconcentrate the sample and reduce the band broadening that occurred in the previous step. Compounds of high polarity show almost no retention on reversed-phase columns, and normal phase chromatography should be used. Aqueous solutions cannot be injected into polar bonded-phase columns as they lead to excessive band broadening. This problem can be solved by diluting plasma or urine with a large volume of a water miscible organic solvent and injecting the clear supernatant. The compounds to be assayed are first reconcentrated on a polar column (NH2 or N(CH3)2 bonded phase) and then eluted. The selected "heart cut" of the eluate is chromatographed on another, more polar column. The influence of the polarity of drugs on the choice of switching systems is exemplified by assay methods for drugs of low, medium and high polarity. PMID- 6530452 TI - Simultaneous high-performance liquid chromatography assay of acetylsalicylic acid and salicylic acid in film-coated aspirin tablets. AB - A reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method has been developed for the simultaneous assay of acetylsalicylic acid (I) and salicylic acid (II) in film-coated aspirin tablets. As little as 0.1% II (relative to I) can be quantitatively determined. Using a 5-microns octadecylsilane column with water-acetonitrile-phosphoric acid (76:24:0.5) as the mobile phase enabled the chromatographic separation to be completed in 4 min. Due to the slow rate of decomposition of I to II in the extraction solvent, acetonitrile-methanol phosphoric acid (92:8:0.5), the analysis of many samples was routinely performed by means of automated HPLC equipment. Other compounds (non-aspirin salicylates, caffeine and acetaminophen) were also separated by the chromatographic system. PMID- 6530453 TI - Determination of phenylurea pesticides by high-performance liquid chromatography with UV and photoconductivity detectors in series. AB - High-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) separations of eighteen phenylurea pesticides were investigated using both reversed-phase and normal-phase systems. A photoconductivity detector, which responds selectively to ionic products formed via postcolumn UV irradiation of photolabile analytes, was connected in tandem with a UV detector permitting serial dual detection of these compounds. The photoconductivity detector responded selectively to the thirteen halogen and sulfur containing compounds whereas the UV detector responses were of the same order of magnitude for all eighteen compounds at 250 nm. The HPLC-UV photoconductivity detection system was successfully applied to the determination of chloroxuron in strawberries at the official tolerance level of 0.5 ppm. The tandem detectors combined with a choice of columns and chromatographic modes offers enhanced selectivity for the HPLC analysis of these pesticides as trace contaminants in complex samples. PMID- 6530454 TI - The use of liquid chromatography with dual-electrode electrochemical detection in the investigation of glutathione oxidation during benzene metabolism. AB - Liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection provides a powerful tool for the study of glutathione oxidation during benzene metabolism. The use of two dual electrode detectors allows for the detection of oxidized and reduced glutathione and of phenol and quinone metabolites of benzene. The role of glutathione as a reductant is explored in this paper. Results indicate that hydrogen peroxide is the oxidizing agent primarily responsible for glutathione oxidation during benzene, phenol and hydroquinone metabolism. PMID- 6530455 TI - Salt-mediated retention of proteins in hydrophobic-interaction chromatography. Application of solvophobic theory. AB - Retention behavior in hydrophobic-interaction chromatography was examined within the framework of the solvophobic theory. The principal parameters which determine the effect of salt on the retention are salt molality and the molal surface tension increment of the salt. According to the theory, in the absence of special binding effects, increase in salt molality in the mobile phase or change of salt to one of greater molal surface tension increment will result in increased retention of proteins in hydrophobic chromatography. The theory is expanded to treat retention in gradient elution with linear decrease in salt concentration that is equivalent to linear increase in eluent strength. The results of the simple model lead to an expression with two parameters: the adjusted isocratic retention volume of the eluite with the gradient former and the slope of plot of logarithmic adjusted elution volume against salt molality, lambda. The latter parameter is linearly dependent on molal surface tension increment if no specific interactions between the eluite and the stationary phase and/or salt are present. In practice, deviations are to be expected from the predicted behavior due to such effects. The results of calculations are consistent with experimental results obtained with several proteins as the eluites and various salts in the eluent. Although unique values of the critical parameter lambda could not be obtained from the data, the trends showed that lambda is strongly correlated with the value of the molal surface tension increment. The prediction that increase in salt concentration in the initial eluent leads to increase in retention volume was found to be generally true, even when the isocratic retention volumes obtained with use of eluent having low salt concentration were small. Use of NaClO4 in the starting eluent led in some cases to decrease in retention volume with increase in the salt concentration at the beginning of the gradient elution. This effect may be due to specific binding effects. PMID- 6530456 TI - Myoglobin determination by high-performance liquid chromatography. AB - Urine and serum myoglobin have been separated on an anion-exchange column, packed by the slurry technique. Urine or serum was injected directly into the column and eluted isocratically with Tris buffer. Freshly prepared myoglobin from human muscle gives two peaks in the chromatogram. Upon storage, one peak slowly decreases while the other increases in size and has the same capacity factor as horse myoglobin. In myoglobinuria, the latter peak is usually detected in urine, while in serum both peaks are detected. For routine assays, horse myoglobin is used as a standard. The minimum detectable level is 2 mg/l. Urine myoglobin from patients with myoglobinuria ranged from 20 to 3000 mg/l, while normal subjects had undetectable levels. Patients with myoglobinuria also had detectable levels of myoglobin in their serum. Urine myoglobin was found to be unstable; it should be analyzed immediately. Although the present method is not sensitive enough to detect myoglobin in the urine of normal subjects, it is clinically useful for confirming and determining myoglobin in patients with myoglobinuria. It has the advantage of speed and simplicity. Using more sensitive detectors would enhance the usefulness of this method. PMID- 6530457 TI - Protein conformation and reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. AB - The structure of a series of proteins has been investigated by circular dichroism, fluorescence and visible spectroscopy as well as by differential scanning calorimetry under reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography elution conditions. These studies show that 1-propanol, a typical eluent, induces a reversible conformational change in proteins to an apparently ordered, helical form. This structural transition occurs in the range of propanol concentrations that produces elution of a particular protein. The possible relationship between this conformational change and protein elution is considered. PMID- 6530458 TI - Development and validation of a method for measuring the glycine and taurine conjugates of bile acids in bile by high-performance liquid chromatography. AB - We developed and validated a simple method for measuring the individual glycine and taurine conjugates of bile acids in bile by high-performance liquid chromatography with a C18 reversed-phase column using an isocratic solvent system of acidified methanol--potassium phosphate. Without preliminary derivatization or purification, complete separation of the ten major conjugated bile acids present in bile could be achieved in 65 min. Total bile acid concentrations were identical when measured enzymatically and by summing the individual bile acids determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. Bile acid composition determined by gas-liquid chromatography correlated with results by high performance liquid chromatography. Finally, measurements of individual glycine and taurine conjugates in human bile and in mixtures of bile acid standards by high-performance liquid chromatography and thin-layer chromatography gave similar results. This high-performance liquid chromatographic system permits simultaneous quantification of total and individual bile acids and their glycine and taurine conjugates in bile. PMID- 6530459 TI - Determination of carnitine, butyrobetaine, and betaine as 4'-bromophenacyl ester derivatives by high-performance liquid chromatography. AB - A method for determination of carnitine, 4-(N,N,N-trimethylammonio)butanoate (butyrobetaine), and 2-(N,N,N-trimethylammonio)acetate (betaine) is described. These omega-trimethylammonio carboxylates and the chemically analogous internal standards 4-(N,N-dimethyl-N-propylammonio)-3-hydroxybutanoate or 6-(N,N,N trimethylammonio)hexanoate were derivatized by reaction with 4'-bromophenacyl triflate in the presence of N,N-diisopropylethylamine. The trialkylammonio carboxylate 4'-bromophenacyl ester derivatives were separated from other sample constituents by reversed-phase ion-pair high-performance liquid chromatography with spectrophotometric detection at 254 nm. Standard curves were linear over a sample concentration range of 10-100 nmol/ml. Quantities of 2.5 nmol of omega trialkylammonio acid derivatives injected into the chromatograph were detected with signal-to-noise ratios greater than 50. PMID- 6530460 TI - Automated theophylline assay using gas chromatography and a mass-selective detector. AB - An automated gas chromatographic--mass spectrometric assay for theophylline is described. Theophylline is extracted from plasma or urine (50 microliter) and transformed into an N-pentyl derivative. The internal standard used for quantitation is [1,3-15N, 2-13C]theophylline. The detection is performed by monitoring the molecular ions 250 for theophylline and 253 for the internal standard with a quadrupole mass specific detector HP 5790 A. The system has been fully automated: injection, calibration, assay, calculation. The method shows excellent analytical parameters: linearity between 2 and 40 micrograms/ml; day-to day reproducibility 1.82% for a concentration of 15 micrograms/ml; repeatability 0.75% (15 micrograms/ml) and 0.33% (30 micrograms/ml). Accuracy is also excellent. Due to the use of an internal standard labelled with stable isotopes, the specificity and high analytical quality of the method make it useful as a reference method to compare with routine theophylline assays. PMID- 6530461 TI - Improved micro-method for the high-performance liquid chromatographic determination of caffeine and paraxanthine in biological fluids. AB - A high-performance liquid chromatographic procedure is reported for reproducibly and sensitively quantitating caffeine and its N-demethylated metabolite paraxanthine in microsamples. A 5-micron reversed-phase radial compression column and 214-nm fixed wavelength ultraviolet detector were used to attain a sensitivity sufficient to quantitate these compounds at concentrations as low as 80 ng/ml using only 25 microliter of sample. The assay is applicable to microliter samples of whole blood, serum, plasma, saliva, amniotic, cerebrospinal and gastric fluids such as might be obtained in studies involving small animals or neonates. The utility of the assay is illustrated with caffeine and paraxanthine levels measured in several maternal and fetal fluids following constant-rate intravenous infusion of caffeine into a rabbit throughout pregnancy. PMID- 6530462 TI - Determination of the antiallergenic agent, N-[4-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)butyl]-2-(1 methylethyl)-11-oxo-11H- pyrido [2,1-b]quinazoline-8-carboxamide, in plasma by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic analysis using fluorometric detection. AB - A rapid, sensitive and selective high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) assay was developed for the determination of the antiallergenic compound N-[4-(1H imidazol-1-yl)butyl]-2-(1-methylethyl)-11-oxo-11H-pyrido[ 2,1-b] quinazoline-8 carboxamide (I), and its major metabolite, 2-(1-methylethyl)-11-oxo-11H pyrido[2,1-b] quinazoline-8-carboxylic acid (I-A), in plasma. The assay involves precipitation of the plasma proteins with acetonitrile--methanol (9:1), followed by the analysis of an aliquot of the protein-free filtrate by reversed-phase ion pair HPLC with fluorescence detection for quantitation. The analogous compound, N [6-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)hexyl]-2-(1-methylethyl)-11-oxo-11H-pyrido [2,1-b] quinazoline-8-carboxamide (II), is used as the internal standard. The overall recovery of compounds I and I-A from plasma is 107.0 +/- 8.6% and 107.0 +/- 10.0%, respectively. The sensitivity limits of quantitation are 20 ng of I, and 10 ng of I-A per ml of plasma using a 0.5-ml aliquot. The assay was used to monitor the plasma concentrations of I and of I-A in a dog following a 5 mg/kg intravenous infusion of I . 2HCl, a 10 mg/kg oral dose of I . 2HCl and of metabolite I-A. PMID- 6530463 TI - High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of sotalol in biological fluids. AB - A sensitive, selective and reproducible reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic method is described for the quantification of sotalol in human serum and urine. Sotalol and the internal standard, atenolol, were extracted from alkalinized serum and urine (pH 9.0) into 1-butanol--chloroform (20:60, v/v). The organic phase was evaporated, and to the residue was added 0.1 M sulphuric acid (serum analysis) or mobile phase (urine analysis). The mobile phase consisted of 0.01 M phosphate buffer (pH 3.2) and acetonitrile (20:80, v/v) containing 3 mM n octylsodium sulphate. The flow-rate was 1.5 ml/min. The retention times of atenolol and sotalol were 7 and 10 min, respectively. Ultraviolet detection at 226 nm made it possible to achieve a detection limit of 0.03 mumol/l. PMID- 6530464 TI - Determination of (R)- and (S)-disopyramide in human plasma using a chiral alpha 1 acid glycoprotein column. AB - The direct resolution and quantitation of (R)- and (S)-disopyramide, isolated from human plasma, was accomplished using a chiral alpha 1-acid glycoprotein column. A LiChrosorb RP-2 column (50 X 3.0 mm I.D.) was used as a precolumn. Phosphate buffer, pH 6.20, containing 2-propanol and N,N-dimethyloctylamine was used as mobile phase. The precision of the determination of (R)- and (S) disopyramide in human plasma, expressed as the relative standard deviation, was 1.8% and 3.3% for (R)- and (S)-disopyramide, respectively, at a drug level of 0.5 micrograms/ml. In two subjects who received a single capsule of racemic disopyramide (150 mg), the plasma levels of the (R) isomer were about half those of the (S) isomer. The half-lives of (R)- and (S)-disopyramide were similar. PMID- 6530465 TI - Simultaneous determination of fluzinamide and three of its active metabolites in plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography. AB - A sensitive and selective high-performance liquid chromatographic method has been developed for a new anticonvulsant, fluzinamide, and three of its active metabolites. This method requires only 0.5 ml of plasma, and it involves a single extraction with a mixture of hexane--dichloromethane--butanol (55:40:5). The plasma extract is chromatographed on a 10-micron, C18 reversed-phase column and quantitated by ultraviolet absorbance at 220 nm. The concentration--response curves for all four compounds are linear from 0.05 micrograms/ml to at least 10 micrograms/ml. The extraction efficiency of this method is greater than 90%. The accuracy and precision of the method were tested by analyzing spiked unknown samples that had been randomly distributed across the concentration range. The mean concentrations found were within +/- 9% of the various amounts added with a standard deviation of +/- 3.5%. This method has been successfully applied to the analysis of samples obtained from fluzinamide-dosed dogs, healthy unmedicated volunteers, and patients who were at steady state with phenytoin, carbamazepine, and fluzinamide. PMID- 6530466 TI - High-performance liquid chromatographic assay for pilocarpine in aqueous humor. AB - A high-performance liquid chromatographic assay for pilocarpine has been developed for the determination of pilocarpine in aqueous humor. A structurally similar internal standard is used, and pilocarpine is separated from isopilocarpine under the chromatographic conditions used. A 100-microliter sample is mixed with an aliquot of internal standard at pH 8.3 and extracted with methylene chloride. The extract is evaporated to dryness and the alkaloids are quaternized with p-nitrobenzyl bromide. Following the quaternization, the sample is evaporated to dryness, washed and diluted with a mobile phase--triethylamine mixture and analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography using a reversed phase octadecylsilane column with detection at a wavelength of 254 nm. This is a highly sensitive, reproducible and selective assay for measuring pilocarpine at physiological levels in individual aqueous humor samples. PMID- 6530467 TI - Elevation of certain polyols in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with multiple sclerosis. PMID- 6530468 TI - Gas chromatographic quantitative determination of 1- and 3-methylhistidine in urine and muscles: comparison with glass capillary determination. PMID- 6530469 TI - Reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography of C21 metabolites of progesterone. PMID- 6530470 TI - Direct clean-up and analysis of urinary catecholamines. PMID- 6530471 TI - Reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic method for determination of brain glutamate decarboxylase suitable for use in kinetic studies. PMID- 6530472 TI - Separation of biologically important angiotensin peptides by high-performance liquid chromatography on a weak cationic exchange bonded phase. PMID- 6530473 TI - Quantitation of cibenzoline in human plasma by gas chromatography-negative ion chemical-ionization mass spectrometry. PMID- 6530474 TI - High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of imipramine and desipramine in human serum. PMID- 6530475 TI - Determination of clenbuterol in the high nanogram range in plasma of mice by high performance liquid chromatography with amperometric detection. PMID- 6530476 TI - Modified extraction and chromatography for the measurement of plasma melphalan by ion-pair high-performance liquid chromatography. PMID- 6530477 TI - High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of etoposide in plasma using electrochemical detection. PMID- 6530478 TI - Determination of 4,5-dihydro-6-[4-(1H-imidazol-1-yl) phenyl]-3(2H)-pyridazinone hydrochloride, a new cardiotonic, in plasma and urine by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography. PMID- 6530479 TI - Determination of diastereoisomeric pairs of thioridazine 5-sulfoxide by high performance liquid chromatography. PMID- 6530480 TI - Detection of double-stranded RNA by serologically specific electron microscopy. AB - Details of a procedure for detecting double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) in virus and viroid infected tissue extracts using serologically specific electron microscopy are given. A method for staining dsRNA, based on in situ formation of uranyl phosphate, that consistently permits the examination of dsRNA by electron microscopy without shadowing with heavy metals, is described. The method provides for routine assays for dsRNA in crude extracts without the variable results associated with shadowing procedures. DsRNA was found to accumulate in older leaves of sorghum systemically infected with sugarcane mosaic virus. In contrast, dsRNA was not detected in older cowpea leaves systemically infected with cowpea mosaic virus but was readily found in inoculated leaves 4 days post inoculation and young systemically infected leaves. PMID- 6530481 TI - A highly sensitive radioimmunoassay for human growth hormone using a monoclonal antibody. AB - Biozzi-strain mice were immunized with a highly purified preparation of 20K variant of hGH. Spleen-cells were fused with SP2/0Ag14 myeloma cells. Clone productions were screened for specificity toward 20K and 22K hGH and for the affinity constant of antibody-antigen reaction. For the selected monoclonal antibody, Ka was 1.02.10(11) L/M using 22K hGH as both tracer and reference preparation. No cross reactivity was found with PRL and other pituitary hormones; hPL reactivity was 0.002 percent that of hGH. According to these antibody characteristics, a highly sensitive RIA system was developed and used for specific GH measurement in human serum. Using logit-log co-ordinates, the slope of the standard curve was -1.099 and the minimum detected dose was 0.5 uIU/ml. Excellent correlation (r = 0.9575) was found between assay data in this system and those of a conventional RIA method using specific polyclonal rabbit antiserum. The International Reference preparation (66/217) could adequately be used to calibrate the monoclonal antibody system since the in house internal 22K GH standard and international one were equally well recognized by the monoclonal antibody. PMID- 6530482 TI - Characteristics of a specific radioimmunoassay for measurement of ferritin on the surface of peripheral mononuclear white blood cells in cancer patients. AB - Using 125I-labeled rabbit anti-Hodgkin's spleen ferritin antibody (RHF), a simple radioimmunoassay has been developed for quantitation of ferritin on the surface of peripheral blood mononuclear white blood cells (PBM). This method makes use of a % specific binding determination (%SP) by measuring the amount of 125I-labeled RHF bound to 1 X 10(6) PBM in the presence and absence of soluble ferritin. To standardize this procedure, artificial ferritin positive control cells were prepared by covalently coupling ferritin to cultured acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells. These cells were tested on a daily basis in parallel with patient PBM's to ensure inter and intra-assay precision and remained stable for over two years. Characteristics of 125I-labeled RHF binding to control and patient PBM's were evaluated to determine the specificity of interaction and optimum binding parameters. %SP was linear in the range of 1 X 10(5) - 1 X 10(6) PBM's and was progressively inhibited by graded concentrations of soluble ferritin. F(ab')2 preparations of RHF were equally as effective as intact RHF in blocking 125I labeled RHF binding confirming that 125I-labeled RHF was not binding non specifically to PBM Fc receptors. Additional experiments describing kinetics and methods of standardization of new lots of 125I-labeled RHF are also described. PMID- 6530483 TI - Comparison of four different carboxylterminal tracers in a radioimmunoassay specific to the 68-84 region of human parathyroid hormone. AB - Two synthetic carboxylterminal fragments, [tyr52]hPTH(52-84) and [tyr63]hPTH(63 84), and purified bPTH(1-84) were iodinated with 125Iodine to be compared as tracers in a late carboxylterminal radioimmunoassay. Tracer 125I-bPTH(41-84) was generated in vitro by incubating 125I-bPTH(1-84) with plasma membranes of rat kidney cortex. Region specificity was achieved by saturating the unwanted middle component of our multivalent antiserum with a molar excess of hPTH(44-68). A charcoal-dextran separation was worked out for each tracer. The titer of the antiserum giving approximately equal to 30% specific binding of each tracer was used in all experiments. Displacement of each tracer with increasing molar concentration of hPTH(1-84), hPTH(53-84), hPTH(41-84) and of hPTH (64-84) was studied. hPTH(41-84) was also generated by incubating hPTH(1-84) with rat cortex kidney membranes and was calibrated against a commercial preparation of bPTH(37 84). A progressive increase in the titer of the antiserum was seen as the molecular weight of the tracers decreased from a titer of 1/20,000 with 125I bPTH(1-84) to a titer of 1/50,000 with the two synthetic tracers. Similarly the so-called damage seen during the charcoal-dextran separation in absence of antibody was reduced from 16.0 +/- 6.2% (mean +/- SD) with 125I-bPTH(1-84) to 1.3 +/- .2 with the two synthetic tracers. 50% displacement of the 125I-bPTH(1-84) tracer was achieved at 13.2 +/- .8 fmol/tube for hPTH(1-84) and at 6.3 +/- 1.0 fmol/tube for hPTH(41-84), reflecting the greater reactivity of fragments in that system. With the two synthetic tracers, a concentration of 5.0 +/- .4 fmol/tube of hPTH(1-84) or of 3.5 +/- 1.2 fmol/tube of hPTH(41-84) was necessary to achieve the same goal. With 125I-bPTH(41-84) results were between the two extremes. These results indicated that an increase in antiserum titer, a decrease in assay damage, an improvement in assay sensitivity and in comparative molar reactivity of the various circulating forms of hPTH can be achieved by using synthetic carboxylterminal fragments as tracers in region specific radioimmunoassays of hPTH. PMID- 6530484 TI - Radioimmunoassay of proteoglycans. AB - Human articular cartilage proteoglycan monomers (PG) were purified and used for developing a radioimmunoassay. Its analytical sensitivity is 0.6 ng/tube and its clinical sensitivity is 20 microliter/tube for serum and 0.12 microliter/tube for synovial fluid. The intra- and between-assay variation coefficient are less than 10 and 20%, respectively, in the linear part of the curve. There is a complete cross reaction with costal, vertebral disk and tracheal cartilage PGs and the PGs extracted from vein and artery. Concerning the latter, inhibition curves are not parallel. No cross reaction exists with PGs from various fetal tissues and small PGs from bone. However, large PGs from bone produce a weak cross reaction. Furthermore, the assay is species specific since cartilage PGs from dog, rat, chicken and calf embryos either do not or weakly cross react in the assay. Other constituents of cartilage: type II collagen, fibronectin, chondroitin sulfate and hyaluronic acid do not interfere with the assay. The antigenic determinants are localized on the protein core of the PG, as shown by the lack of cross reaction with glycosaminoglycans and PG treatment with various enzymes. PMID- 6530485 TI - Evaluation of a commercial kit for the radioimmunoassay of fibrinopeptide A. AB - Measurement of fibrinopeptide A (FpA) provides a sensitive and specific marker of thrombin generation and is important in the investigation of the mechanisms involved in thrombosis and hemostasis. However, current methods available for determination of FpA by radioimmunoassay (RIA) require rigorous method development. Recently, a commercial kit (Mallinckrodt Corp: M-Kit) for the RIA of FpA has become available which contains all the necessary reagents for the assay. We evaluated this kit and compared it to an assay prepared from a commercial kit (IMCO Corp: I-Kit) which contains only the raw materials. Both assays had similar characteristics and duplicate plasma samples assayed using both methods were not significantly different. Separation of FpA from fibrinogen using bentonite slurry (M-Kit) proved superior to the ethanol precipitation method (I-Kit). The complete kit (M-Kit) will provide the routine hemostasis laboratory with an RIA for FpA which is immediately available. PMID- 6530486 TI - An ultrasensitive radioligand assay for IgG using the protein A on Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. AB - The purpose of this study was to develop a simple and sensitive assay to measure IgG. Human IgG was radiolabelled with 125Iodine and 7.5 ng was incubated with heat-killed Staphylococcus aureus bacteria (Cowan 1 strain). To replicate sets of tubes, increasing amounts of a standard IgG preparation were added. The samples were incubated at room temperature for two hours and separated by centrifugation. Using this assay it was found that the IgG concentration could readily be determined in one nanoliter or less of human serum. There was no significant cross-reactivity with IgA, IgE and IgM or the F(ab')2 fragment of IgG. Serial dilutions of normal human or SLE sera, rabbit or guinea pig sera, the Fc fragment of human IgG and a mouse monoclonal anti-human DNA antibody parallelled the dose response curve obtained with standard human IgG. The method correlated well (r=0.89) with a routinely used nephelometric method. The mean (+/- SD) IgG concentration in 20 normal subjects measured by this assay was 10 +/- 3.6 g/L. PMID- 6530487 TI - Blood and milk lipid responses induced by growth hormone administration in lactating cows. AB - Nine multiparous Holstein cows (average 5.8 yr, 63 to 132 days postpartum) were in a 28-day single reversal experiment in the Beltsville open circuit respiration chambers with two 14-day injection periods (placebo versus bovine growth hormone, 51.5 IU/day). With growth hormone treatment, milk fat percentage increased 25 to 29%, milk fat yield increased 41%, and cows averaged -13.7 Mcal/day energy balance. There were small increases of triglycerides and 1,2-diglycerides, core lipids, and small decreases of cholesterol and phospholipids, the membrane lipids. Fat from growth hormone treatment had 6% less short (6:0, 8:0, 10:0) and medium (12:0, 14:0, 14:1, 15:0, 16:0) chain fatty acids and 6% more long chain 18:1 fatty acids. Plasma of cows treated with growth hormone had an increase of concentrations of free fatty acids, but no shifts were apparent among other lipid classes. Analysis of total plasma fatty acids did not show any net changes, but within individual plasma lipid classes, 18:1 increased and 18:2 decreased. Overall changes of blood and milk lipids are consistent with the concept that adipose tissue reserves were mobilized in response to hormone treatment and that these mobilized lipids were the major carbon source for the 41% increase of milk fat secretion. Increases of de novo synthesis of short and medium chain fatty acids also occurred but much less. Cows treated with growth hormone were in negative energy balance, and the mechanism may differ when cows are in positive energy balance. PMID- 6530488 TI - Plasma concentration and lipid composition of lipoproteins in lactating dairy cows fed control and high grain diets. AB - Six multiparous Holstein cows ranging from 7 to 19 wk postpartum were in a switchback design to determine effects of feeding high grain diets on lipoprotein concentration and composition in blood. Percents concentrate, alfalfa haylage, and corn silage of control and high grain diets were 50, 83; 25, 9; and 25, 8 dry matter. Milk yield (kg/day), milk fat percentage, and fat yield (g/day) averaged 27.7, 3.58, 997 and 30.2, 2.45, 729 for control and high grain treatments. Very low density, low density, and high density lipoproteins were isolated by gel filtration of total lipoproteins obtained by ultracentrifugation. Lipoprotein concentrations in blood plasma of cows fed the control or high grain diets were similar. Triglyceride, phospholipid, cholesterol, and cholesterol ester contents of each lipoprotein class were not altered by treatment. High grain feeding increased octadecadienoic fatty acid content of low density and high density lipoprotein cholesterol esters and decreased octadecenoic and octadecatrienoic acids. The trend was similar for the very low density lipoprotein fraction. Phospholipid octadecenoic acid decreased in all lipoprotein fractions but only significantly for high density lipoproteins. It is unlikely that differences in lipid composition of plasma lipoproteins caused alterations in lipoprotein metabolism leading to fat depression in this and other similar studies. PMID- 6530489 TI - Manipulating dietary anions and cations for prepartum dairy cows to reduce incidence of milk fever. AB - Twenty preparturient dairy cows were in a 2-yr switchover design to test effects of dietary ions on incidence of milk fever. In yr 1, cows were blocked and assigned randomly 45 days prepartum to one of two diets; one diet contained an excess of anions, and the second diet contained an excess of cations. In yr 2, cows were changed to the opposite diet. Both diets were equivalent for crude protein (11%), calcium (.65%), phosphorus (.25%), and energy on a dry basis but differed for quantities of chlorine, sulfur, and sodium. Both diets were chopped alfalfa hay, corn silage, high moisture corn, and vitamin-mineral mix. Diets were available ad libitum as complete rations. There were no differences in dry matter intake of the diets. Cows consuming the anionic diet had no milk fever, but cows consuming the canionic diet had 47.4% incidence. Samples of blood plasma showed that cows consuming the anionic diet maintained calcium and phosphorus through parturition, whereas cows consuming the cationic diet decreased in these minerals around calving. Hydroxyproline was higher for cows consuming the anionic diet during the peripartal period compared to cows consuming the cationic diet. Milk produced in the lactation subsequent to prepartum treatment was 6.8% less for cows offered the cationic diet. When milk production of paretic and nonparetic cows offered the cationic diet was compared, milk was reduced 14% with milk fever. PMID- 6530490 TI - Growth, health, and blood glucose concentrations of calves fed high-glucose or high-fat milk replacers. AB - The influence of age, carbohydrate-fat ratios of milk replacers, and development of ruminal function on growth, health, and blood glucose concentrations were evaluated in calves. Colostrum-fed, 3-day-old Holstein bull calves were fed to 12 wk on one of three dietary treatments: 1) a high carbohydrate, low fat (60.5% glucose, 9.5% lactose, and 3% lard) milk replacer; 2) a low carbohydrate, high fat (23% glucose, 12.5% lactose, and 30% lard) milk replacer; and 3) weaning at 6 wk of age from high-fat replacer to a standard calf starter. The high fat milk replacer was superior to low fat milk replacer for total weight gains and efficiency of feed conversion. Rates of weight gain of starter calves were similar to those of calves fed low fat. Calves fed the diet with low fat had a high incidence of diarrhea, an occasional outbreak of a yeast-related ethanol intoxication syndrome, and high concentrations of glucose in urine. Irrespective of milk replacer composition or development of ruminal function, plasma and whole blood glucose concentrations declined rapidly in the first 6 wk. Corpuscular glucose declined steadily with age in all calves. This age-related decrease of blood glucose concentration of calves seems to be a constitutive phenomenon. PMID- 6530491 TI - Influence of feeding different amounts of milk on performance, health, and absorption capability of baby calves. AB - The influence of feeding high milk on performance, health, and absorption capability of the small intestine was studied in Holstein calves (eight males and eight females). Animals were kept in outdoor hutches bedded with straw. Treatments consisted of two quantities of milk: 1) 4.1 kg of whole milk from 3 to 48 days of age when calves were weaned and 2) gradually increasing milk from 4.1 to 7.0 kg during the first 2 wk of treatment and feeding 7.6 kg per day thereafter until day 42. Milk was reduced gradually during the 7th wk. Intake of milk averaged 4.1 and 6.7 kg per animal per day. Commercial starter, alfalfa hay, and water were offered ad libitum to all calves. Higher milk resulted in larger weight gains (615 versus 538 g/day) and less starter intake. Total dry matter intake, feed efficiency, and scour scores were not different between treatments, but rectal temperatures were greater on high milk. Female calves fed high milk showed less xylose absorption and more days medicated than females fed less milk. PMID- 6530492 TI - Ad libitum water intake by neonatal calves and its relationship to calf starter intake, weight gain, feces score, and season. AB - Water intakes and other experimental data over 3 yr encompassing 335 calves raised under an early weaning program at the Purina Research Farm were summarized. Water intake closely paralleled calf starter intake particularly during the last 2 wk of the 4-wk feeding period. Calves with weight gains below the median daily gain of 272 g had reduced water and starter intake. Scouring, due apparently to rotavirus infection, peaked at the end of the 1st wk. Water intake did not change appreciably prior to or after peak scouring. Season of year had minor effect on both water and starter intake. In a feeding study with 41 calves, weight gain was reduced by 38% and starter intake by 31% for calves deprived of water. Extent and duration of scouring did not differ between treatments. Calf feeding and management systems should include ad libitum water to maximize starter intake and weight gain. There is no evidence that scouring will be affected negatively by water intake. PMID- 6530493 TI - Progesterone responses to human chorionic gonadotropin in dairy cattle supplemented with beta-carotene. AB - Twenty Holstein cows were assigned to one of four groups according to milk production and beta-carotene supplementation to evaluate effects of supplementation and milk production on reproductive performance and response of corpus luteum to human chorionic gonadotropin indicated by release of progesterone and secretion of luteinizing hormone in blood plasma. Cows were divided into groups of high and low production and divided further into beta carotene supplemented and unsupplemented groups. Blood samples were taken 10 days postestrus at 10-min intervals from 1 h prior to injection of 5000 IU human chorionic gonadotropin until 5 h postinjection. Mean days to first detected estrus were 33, 37, 34, and 36 in supplemented, unsupplemented, high-production, and low-production cows. Treatment with beta-carotene and milk production did not affect days to first breeding (63, 67, 62, and 67), or services per conception (3.2, 5.1, 4.6, and 3.7). However, days open were reduced by supplementation (116 versus 186), but milk production had no effect (173 versus 129). Regressions of progesterone on sampling time within treatment and within milk production were significant. Regression of luteinizing hormone on time within production group was also significant. Neither beta-carotene nor milk production affected most reproductive measures, but differences were subtle in corpus luteum response to human chorionic gonadotropin, which may alter endocrine function. PMID- 6530494 TI - Genetic and environmental variation of hoof characteristics of Holstein cattle. AB - Genetic and environmental components of variation of hoof measurements were ascertained from 257 Holstein heifers and 1051 cows in eight herds in North Carolina. Angles and lengths of both claws, heel depth, and base area of the hoof were measured on both right feet for four herds. Angles, lengths, and heel depths were measured only on the right rear foot for four other herds. Heritabilities combined across all lactations were .30 or above but for individual lactations were as low as .12. Number of sires ranged from 16 to 40 for individual lactations. Average repeatabilities among measurements in same lactation were mostly above .40. Age affected all hoof measurements in heifers. Herd effects had a large impact on hoof measurements. Averages for hoof angles by ages ranged from 42 degrees to 45 degrees and from 60 to 70 mm for hoof length. Ratio of length to angle ranged from 1.36 to 1.68, heel depth from 34 to 44 mm, and base areas of hoof from 93 to 103 cm2. Lengths of medial and lateral claws for front and rear feet increased with advancing age. Medial front and lateral rear claws were longer than respective opposing claws. PMID- 6530495 TI - Relationship between external body measurements and calving difficulties in Canadian Holstein-Friesian cattle. AB - Thirteen body measurements per cow were collected from 1980 to 1981 on 3,193 Canadian Holstein-Friesian cows by 576 sires in 100 herds. These data were analyzed to test effects of herd, age of cow, stage of lactation, and generation group; to predict sire proofs; to estimate heritabilities and genetic and phenotypic correlations among body measures; and to estimate correlations between sire proofs for body measures and sire (maternal grandsire of calf) proofs for calving ease. Herd and age of cow were important sources of variation for all external body measures. Stage of lactation was an important source of variation for heart girth, and for slopes from hip to pin and from thurl to pin. Effects of generation group were not significant for any body measures. Heritabilities were moderate to high (.21 to .45). Genetic correlations among all height characteristics were large and positive (.68 to .99). Daughters that were large with wide pins, long sloping rumps, and little slope from thurl to pin bone seemed to be favored for easy calving. PMID- 6530496 TI - Intramammary infusions of cytochalasin B and dimethyl sulfoxide do not suppress milk secretion in the goat. AB - Cytochalasin B, an intracellular microfilament antagonist, was evaluated for its capacity to inhibit milk secretion in the goat. Intramammary infusions of the drug via teat canal in amounts to 6 mg had no effects on yields or fat and protein contents and minor, if any, effects on somatic cell counts of consecutive 12-h milkings. Our results suggest that the apical plasma membrane of lactating cells is impermeable to cytochalasin B and that the reduced secretion of lactose and casein caused by the drug in vitro may arise from its interference with glucose uptake at the base of cells. Dimethylsulfoxide, which we used (2 ml) in infusates to solubilize cytochalasin B, also was without effect on the foregoing lactation characteristics. PMID- 6530498 TI - Residues in colostrum following antibiotic dry cow therapy. AB - Cows from five dairy herds were used to determine persistence of antibiotic residues in colostrum and milk following dry cow therapy. Cows were treated in all quarters at drying off with antibiotics approved for use for nonlactating cows. Antibiotics procaine penicillin G plus dihydrostreptomycin, novobiocin, cloxacillin, or cephapirin were compared with no treatment. Composite colostrum samples were collected from each cow at first milking after parturition. Samples were screened for residues by Delvotest P. Colostrum samples positive by Delvotest also were tested by Bacillus stearothermophilus disc assay. Four of 186 colostrum samples from cows treated with antibiotics at drying off were positive for residues by Delvotest. Only one was confirmed positive by disc assay following heat treatment. All colostrum samples from 48 cows not treated were negative. Samples of first marketable milk also were collected. Over 96% of milk samples from cows treated at drying off and 100% of milk samples from cows not treated were negative for residues by Delvotest. If manufacturer's recommendations are followed, antibiotic residues in colostrum and milk following dry cow therapy with products in our study should not be a significant problem. PMID- 6530497 TI - Evaluation of experimental teat dip containing sodium chlorite and lactic acid by excised teat assay. AB - An experimental teat dip containing sodium chlorite and lactic acid, diluted in water, was evaluated by excised teat protocol. The teat dip was tested against 21 microorganisms. Included were: Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae, Streptococcus dysgalactiae, Streptococcus uberis, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella oxytoca, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Numerous strains were tested for strain differences. Environmental bacteria were included because of their increasing importance as a cause of bovine mastitis. All excised teats were dipped in a bacterial suspension containing about 1 X 10(8) cfu/ml. Negative control teats were not dipped in a germicidal compound. Positive controls were dipped in 1% iodophor. Effectiveness of the experimental teat dip was expressed as the percent reduction in mean log of bacteria recovered from dipped teats as compared to numbers recovered from control teats. The sodium chlorite - lactic acid dip caused a greater percent log reduction than iodophor for 14 of 21 strains tested. However, differences were generally slight. The experimental teat dip appeared effective against Gram-negative bacteria. Some differences in percent log reduction were observed between strains of the same species. Lowest effectiveness and greatest strain variation were observed with Staphylococcus aureus for both dips tested. PMID- 6530499 TI - Repression and other forms of cognitive evasiveness: implications for stress symptoms in college students. PMID- 6530500 TI - Knowledge and attitudes of university health service clients about genital herpes: implications for patient education and counseling. PMID- 6530501 TI - Active suicide intervention by a campus mental health service: operation and rationale. PMID- 6530502 TI - Use of mental health care services in Finland by students in different fields of study. PMID- 6530503 TI - A Pseudofolliculitis Barbae clinic for the black male who has to shave. PMID- 6530504 TI - Challenges to change: competition. PMID- 6530505 TI - Student mental health from a layman's perspective. PMID- 6530506 TI - Fluorescent probes based on styrylpyridinium derivatives: optical properties and membrane binding. AB - Synthesis and optical properties of the new fluorescent probes - styrylpyridinium derivatives - have been described. Various derivatives of styrylpyridinium, e.g. dimethylamino- (DSP-6 and DSP-12), hydroxy- (HSP-14) and sulphoxy-hydroxy- (SHSP 12) compounds show a long-wave absorption band in ethanol at lambda max abs 486, 402 and 383 nm, respectively. The spectra are sensitive to solvent polarity exhibiting negative solvatochromism by 30-40 nm. Moreover, HSP-14 in aprotic solvents has another absorption band around 600 nm, characteristic of the base. The fluorescence of the probes covers the spectral region 480-650 nm, that of HSP 14 being generated only in the absorption region of the main band (402 nm). The absorption, excitation and fluorescence spectra of these compounds in a liposome suspension have been recorded. The binding of probes to liposomes leads to an increase in fluorescence quantum yield as compared to organic solvents (DSP) and water. Energy transfer in the HSP-14----DSP-12 probe pair has been measured in a liposome suspension. The obtained results suggest that the chemical compounds in question may be useful as fluorescent probes. By varying substituents in the compounds, different spectral characteristics can be attained. PMID- 6530507 TI - Spectrophotometric and radioenzymatic determination of ribose-5-phosphate. AB - The present work describes an assay which is highly specific for ribose-5 phosphate. The method is based on the following three-stage enzymatic conversion: (1) ribose 5-phosphate in equilibrium ribose 1-phosphate (phosphopentomutase); (2) ribose 1-phosphate + adenine in equilibrium adenosine + Pi (adenosine phosphorylase); (3) adenosine + H2O----inosine + NH3 (adenosine deaminase). Ribose 5-phosphate may be determined either directly following the change in absorbance at 265 nm associated with the conversion of adenine to inosine, or radioenzymatically by measuring the radioactivity of inosine formed from [8 14C]adenine, after chromatographic separation of the nucleoside on polyethyleneimine-cellulose. The spectrophotometric assay was used to follow ribose 5-phosphate formation and ribose 1-phosphate consumption catalyzed by phosphopentomutase. Further, the ability of alkaline phosphatase, 5'-nucleotidase and crude extract of Bacillus cereus cells to act on ribose 5-phosphate was tested. The radioenzymatic assay was proved useful in determining the levels of ribose 5-phosphate in rat tissues. PMID- 6530508 TI - An enzyme specific method for estimation of pyruvic acid radioactivity in biological samples. AB - A method for the estimation of pyruvate radioactivity in complex biological samples is presented. After perchloric acid deproteinization, the samples were divided in two aliquots. All pyruvate was removed from the first aliquot with lactate dehydrogenase and NADH; the other was left undisturbed. Then all hydrophilic components of the sample were removed through an Amberlite XAD-7 column. The samples were treated with dinitrophenylhydrazine to obtain the corresponding hydrazones, which were retained in an Amberlite XAD-7 column and then were eluted with acetone and their radioactivity counted. The difference between both aliquots corresponded to the pyruvate radioactivity in the sample. No contamination by lactate, glycerol, glucose or amino acids was observed. The mean recovery of 5 determinations of pyruvate radioactivity was 91.3% +/- 1.0. PMID- 6530509 TI - Electroblotting of multiple gels: a simple apparatus without buffer tank for rapid transfer of proteins from polyacrylamide to nitrocellulose. AB - A simple, horizontal device for rapid electrophoretic transfer of proteins from several polyacrylamide gels simultaneously is described. Up to six 'TRANS-UNITS' consisting of soaked filter paper on either side of polyacrylamide gel/nitrocellulose sheets that are separated by dialysis membranes are stacked between graphite plate electrodes. The only buffer reservoir in the apparatus is that in stacked, soaked filter paper. A special buffer system based on the isotachophoresis theory was developed for this purpose. The electrophoretic transfer was performed with equal efficiency in all TRANS-UNITS of the stack. Only traces of a few proteins remained in the polyacrylamide gel after transfer. With this apparatus, 50 protein bands from a human serum protein sample (diluted 1 : 100) were detected by immunoblotting with the retainment of the high resolution of the SDS-PAGE technique. The apparatus provided a constant current density of 0.8 mA/cm2 during the 1-h transfer time at 21 degrees C, irrespective of the number of TRANS-UNITS. The apparatus generated 1-5 W in joule heat, depending on the number of TRANS-UNITS in the stack. PMID- 6530510 TI - Sensitive assay of hydroxyl free radical formation utilizing high pressure liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection of phenol and salicylate hydroxylation products. AB - Evidence is presented for a sensitive method useful for the detection of hydroxyl free radical generation in various systems. The methodology employs high pressure liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection (LCED) for the quantification and identification of the hydroxylation products from the reaction of OH with both phenol and salicylate. A detection limit of less than 1 pmol for the hydroxylation products has been achieved with electrochemical detector responses linear over at least three orders of magnitude. Detection and quantitation of the hydroxylation products obtained and formed during OH generation from biologically meaningful systems have been demonstrated. The three systems utilized were ADP/FE(II)/H2O/, hypoxanthine/xanthine oxidase plus chelated iron, and UV photolysis of H2O2. PMID- 6530511 TI - Field gradients improve resolution on DNA sequencing gels. AB - A simple field gradient technique which leads to sharpening of bands and to an increase in the number of resolvable bases per gel is described. About 300 bases per sample application could be resolved on a 53-cm-long field gradient 6% gel, compared with about 200 on a standard gel. Gels of increasing cross-sectional area, producing the field gradients, are prepared by varying the thickness of spacers along the gel. Compared with the ionic strength gradient method, the field gradient method described here uses the standard sliding technique for preparation of very thin gels and does not require any special skills or preparation of more than one gel solution. Other possible gradient techniques are discussed. PMID- 6530512 TI - Ultrastructural morphology and evidence of iodide uptake and protein synthesis in normal human thyroid transplants in nude mice. AB - Normal human thyroid tissue was xenotransplanted to athymic mice. Well preserved structural properties of the transplants were observed at both light and electron microscopical level. Analysis of the soluble proteins in the transplants by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed that the major fractions were the 19S thyroglobulin, the 27S iodoprotein and a larger protein fraction. Protein synthesizing capacity of the transplants, as measured by in vivo 3H-leucine incorporation into the soluble transplants proteins was demonstrated. The observed 3H-leucine incorporation was in the same magnitude as that found in the original donor tissue at the time of transplantation. Four weeks after transplantation a significant 125I-iodide uptake (2.0%) was observed in the transplants. Corresponding value for the host thyroids was 6.6%. The biological half-time of the accumulated 125I-iodide in the transplants was reduced from 97 days to 38 days between 2 and 4 weeks after transplantation. The biological half time in the host thyroid increased from 27 days to 32 days during the same period. This investigation shows that normal human thyroid tissue can be transplanted to nude mice with preserved tissue organisation and maintained cellular function. PMID- 6530513 TI - Effect of a second dose of thyrotropin on exocytosis and endocytosis in the rat thyroid gland. AB - The effect of TSH on exocytosis and endocytosis in thyroid follicle cells was studied with electron microscopic stereology. Groups of rats, pretreated with T4 for 2 d, were injected iv with TSH (500 mU) 20 min, 2, 4, 6, and 8 h before perfusion fixation. Parallel groups were given a second dose of TSH 2, 4, 6 and 8 h after the first one and the thyroids were fixed after 20 min. In controls, injected with saline, the membrane surface area (msa) of exocytotic vesicles was about the same as that of the apical plasma membrane. Pseudopods and colloid droplets were not present. TSH induced exocytosis. The msa of exocytotic vesicles was reduced by about 85% already after 20 min and was even more reduced after 2 h. At later times after injection of TSH the msa of exocytotic vesicles increased gradually to reach control levels after 8 h. TSH also induced endocytosis. After 20 min the increase in msa of endocytotic structures (pseudopods, colloid droplets and micropinocytotic vesicles) corresponded to the decrease in msa of exocytotic vesicles during the same time interval. The msa of endocytotic structures remained high at 2 h but decreased gradually at later time intervals and after 8 h no pseudopods and colloid droplets remained in the apical cell region. A second injection of TSH given 2 h after the first one when few exocytotic vesicles were present did not influence the msa of endocytotic structures. At later time intervals a second dose of TSH stimulated exocytosis as well as endocytosis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6530514 TI - Influence of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) treatment on diabetic somatic and autonomic neuropathy. AB - Near-normal plasma daily glucose profile was induced by Continuous Subcutaneous Insulin Infusion (CSII) treatment in order to evaluate its influence on diabetic somatic and autonomic neuropathy. Twelve insulin-dependent diabetic subjects with somatic neuropathy were studied before and after a short term CSII treatment of 10 days. Four out of these subjects, all affected by autonomic neuropathy, were followed for 1 yr with controls every four months. Metabolic equilibrium was monitored by mean daily plasma glucose (MPDG) profile and by Glycosylated Hemoglobin (GHb) evaluation. Somatic neuropathy was studied assessing conduction velocity at peroneal motor (PMCV) nerve, ulnar motor (UMCV), ulnar sensory (USCV) and sural sensory (SSCV) nerves. Autonomic neuropathy was assessed by means of a battery of five cardiovascular autonomic tests: Valsalva Manoeuvre (VR), Deep Breathing (DB), Lying-to-Standing (LS), Sustained HandGrip (SHG) and Postural Hypotension (PH). Short-term CSII treatment induced a near normalization of metabolic parameters, a significant improvement in VR (p less than 0.05) and DB (p less than 0.01) values, but no changes in NCV. The prolongation of CSII treatment in 4 subjects induced a significant (p less than 0.05) improvement in VR, DB and LS values and in PMCV and UMCV after 4 months. This improvement did not increase with the longer CSII treatment (1 yr).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6530515 TI - Estrogen and androgen dynamics in liver disease. AB - Constant infusions of 3H-androgen/14C-estrogen were given to 18 men with increased serum bilirubin concentrations and biopsy proven hepatic cirrhosis. From data obtained from the infusions and the radioimmunoassay of circulating endogenous steroid levels metabolic clearance rates (MCR), blood production rates (PB), aromatization rates (fraction of androgen infused into and measured as estrogen in blood; [p]And, Est BB) and conversion ratios (ratio of concentration of radioactivity of infused precursor to product steroid in blood; CRPREC,PROD were calculated. These data were compared to normal data obtained from similar studies in a group of normal men similar in age and weight. The mean concentrations of testosterone (T), and dihydrotestosterone (DHT), were decreased but those of estrone (E1) and estradiol (E2) were increased, and the concentration of androstenedione, (A), was similar compared to the normal values. Compared to the values in normal men the mean MCR of T was decreased those of A and E2 were normal, and that of E1 was slightly increased. However, the PB's of both estrogens were increased while that of A was normal T was decreased. The increase in the PB's of the estrogens could be explained on the basis of a marked increase in [p]And, Est BB probably due to a shift in blood flow from the liver to peripheral tissue. These findings were noted in men with alcoholic cirrhosis as well as cardiac cirrhosis and in 1 subject with infectious hepatitis. Abnormalities in steroid metabolism occur in men with several types of liver disease and are not limited to those with alcoholic liver disease. PMID- 6530516 TI - Effect of acute and chronic stress on testosterone secretion in male rats. AB - The effect of acute and chronic stress on serum testosterone was studied in adult male Wistar rats. Acute noise-light stress and the presence of a dog, but not change of room, raised serum testosterone. This testosterone was of gonadal origin since noise-light stress did not increase serum testosterone in castrated rats. Chronic noise-light did not modify either testes weight or serum testosterone. This suggests that chronic stress did not necessarily lead to impairment of endocrine function of the testes in the rat. PMID- 6530517 TI - [Relations between iron levels in mothers and in their newborn infants]. AB - The iron levels were evaluated in 124 pregnant women towards the end of their pregnancies and in their newborn babies in 4 maternity units in Paris and in the surroundings. Two-third of the women studied had total absence of iron reserves (shown by a serum ferritin level less than or equal to 12 micrograms/l). Those who were at the greatest risk of having iron deficiency or anaemia were immigrant, non continental french and multiparous women. The tissue reserves of iron in the newborn are not directly linked to the levels of iron in the mother but are probably linked to the foetal and maternal haemoglobin-synthesis. PMID- 6530518 TI - [The use of the CO2 laser in the treatment of endometriosis. Experiments in rabbits]. AB - Laser CO2 was used to treat lesions of endometriosis which were produced experimentally in New Zealand rabbits. After the cornu of the uterus had been resected, hyperplastic endometrium produced by giving oestrogens beforehand was dissected out and fixed on the parietal peritoneum of the lateral walls of the abdomen. Four weeks later the endometrial implants which had grown under oestrogen stimulation were looked at histologically and destroyed by vaporisation using laser CO2. Histological control of the areas that were treated showed at the end of the second week the destruction of the implants and the lesions in its neighbourhood to a range of 0.50 mm. The zones which were treated, although they had been partially deprived of peritoneum because of the infiltrating characteristic of endometriotic lesions, were covered with a new peritoneal serosa which was slightly inflammatory in nature but which did not give rise to secondary adhesions. PMID- 6530519 TI - [Edema in pregnancy. Calculation of the contents of maternal cells]. AB - In 1963 F.D. Moore and his colleagues described "the body cell mass", but up till now there has not been a practical method to isolate other components of the body. Electrical body impedance measurement makes it possible in pregnant women not only to separate the values relating to maternal tissues from those relating to fetal tissues but it is also possible to make out in the Lean Mass of the mother those parts that are due to extra-cellular fluid in the supporting tissues and particularly those that come from the cytoplasmic mass (water, proteins, electrolytes and dissolved substances). The method, which is founded on a well known scientific basis, is simple and almost a-traumatic. It consists in measuring the electrical resistance given to the passage of a weak alternating current that is passed through two electrodes, one of which is placed on one hand and the other on the foot of the other side. This method gives a result in units of electricity (ohms) of the value of the active cellular component of the mother. As we know that the normal values are closely linked to the morphological features of the woman which are fixed, it is easy to determine them and compare the measurement obtained by impedance at the time the measurements are being taken. We therefore obtain an index N which is normally equal to 1 +/- 0.10 which gives evidence of an excess of cellular content when Nis greater than 1.10 or a decrease if N is less than 0.90.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6530520 TI - [Ovarian goiter. Apropos of a case]. AB - When the authors had a case of ovarian goitre with the Demons-Meigs syndrome they started to look at the literature for the incidence, the clinical presentation, the prognosis and the ways of treating this anatomopathological entity. Although histological examination can rarely make sure that the lesions are benign they are in most cases, as in the remainder of ovarian tumours, so that the outlook should be good. PMID- 6530521 TI - [Epidemiologic data on arterial hypertension in pregnancy]. AB - A retrospective study of 241 case histories of essential hypertension in pregnancy treated in the Salengro Maternity Hospital of Lille from 1976 to 1981 was carried out. Looking at 450 readings of blood pressure in pregnancy it has been possible to work out a profile for these patients. These patients have as singular factors: They are often fat or very fat. They often have raised cholesterol levels in the blood. They often have a family history of hypertension or of diabetes. Many use oestro-progestogen birth control pills and had trouble in glucose regulation far more than women who had normal blood pressures in pregnancy. PMID- 6530522 TI - [Pulmonary hypoplasia. Apropos of a case in twins]. AB - The authors report an unusual case of major lung hypoplasia in both of twins without any other associated malformations. This case has given an opportunity to make a hypothesis on the aetiology and pathogenesis in order to try to explain the pathology and better to appreciate fetal respiratory function. PMID- 6530523 TI - [Functional new uterus and new vagina in a complex form of cervico-isthmic and vaginal aplasia]. AB - The authors report a case of surgical success in the treatment of a complex form of cervico-isthmial and vaginal aplasia very similar to the case reported by Klochkoff. They fused the two uterine cornua and made a new uterus which they joined to the new vagina that they had created using Bloch's method. The patient was able to menstruate regularly after the operation which achieved the desired result. PMID- 6530524 TI - [Total vulvectomy with lasers. An interesting technic]. AB - The authors describe a case of total vulvectomy without inguinal clearance using a CO2 laser for a micro-invasive epidermoid carcinoma. They agree with most that has been published in the literature and show that lasers can be used successfully for removal and coagulation in this type of operation. The authors show how well the patient did after the operation and they believe that this rapid recovery was due to the technique that was used. PMID- 6530526 TI - [Distal tubal obstructions: microsurgery or in vitro fertilization]. AB - Laser CO2 microsurgical salpingostomies were performed among 70 infertile patients from 1979 to 1982. 9 patients lost to follow up were excluded. All patients underwent a preoperative hysterosalpingography and a laparoscopy in order to realise a tubal evaluation. 4 groups of tubal damage were defined with a subsequent pregnancy rate of: 66.66% in group I, 37.5% in group II, 5.55% in group III, 0% in group IV. 4 groups of adhesions were defined with a subsequent pregnancy rate of: 42.85% in group 0, 33.33% in group mild, 25% in group moderate, 5.85% in group severe. From this results the authors propose a tubal and adhesions score in order to select patients for microsurgery or in vitro fertilization. PMID- 6530525 TI - [Racket-shaped tubal-uterine anastomosis. Technic and results]. AB - Proximal tubal lesions that are discovered when a case of sterility is being worked out are polymorphic in nature and they are variable in extent. Fortunately it is rare that a proximal tubal lesion should involve the whole interstitial portion and the uterine os of the tube. This is why many surgeons have taken up the method of tubo-uterine implantation advocated by Palmer. Salat-Baroux and Cornier published a paper on microsurgical tubo-interine implantation in 1979. We since 1978 have been carrying out a technique of tubo-uterine anastomosis in raquette shape (mostly isthmo-uterine). This is described in detail in this article. The first results on 32 anastomose carried out in 23 patients who were operated on of whom 17 cases had pure cornual lesions and 6 cases bipolar lesions seem to be encouraging with a patency rate 6 months later of 69% and a rate of intra-uterine pregnancy of 23.2% (0.10-0.41) at 12-18 months and 31.1% (0.14 0.56) at 18-24 months (using an actuarial method). Up to now we have not had an extra-uterine pregnancy near the site of suture. Our technique seems to us to give a worthwhile alternative microsurgical method to implantation in interstitial lesions that are widespread and deep. PMID- 6530527 TI - [Distal tubal microsurgery using the CO2 laser. Experimental study and analysis of a series of 95 cases]. AB - After having used the CO2 laser in gynaecological surgery for 5 years, can we already work out a balance of the effects of laser in this field and especially in tubal microsurgery? An experimental study was carried out on 2 groups of rabbits, the first group being one where artificially created adhesions were freed without any residue thanks to the CO2 laser, and a second group where the uterine cornua could be sutured using pulses of laser and no sutures. 95 microsurgical tubal operations were carried out using the CO2 laser between 1979 and 1983. Adhesiolysis was carried out in 39 patients with 25 intra-uterine and one extra-uterine pregnancies resulting. Fimbrioplasty was carried out in 41 patients with 24 intra-uterine and 2 extra-uterine pregnancies. Salpingostomy was carried out in 15 patients with 5 intra-uterine pregnancies and one extra-uterine pregnancy. A second surgical procedure was carried out in 20 patients with 7 intra-uterine pregnancies and one extra-uterine pregnancy. The CO2 laser makes microsurgical techniques easier and avoids recurrent adhesions, giving rise to a level of pregnancies in the region of 60% after adhesiolysis and fimbrioplasty. This latter term was used for the reconstruction of the ampulla, which had only partially been blocked. On the other hand, when there is a hydrosalpinx with total loss of patency, the laser is no more successful than classical microsurgical techniques. PMID- 6530528 TI - Enteritis in the GDR: the value of oral rehydration for treating children with enteritis. PMID- 6530529 TI - Shigellosis in Ethiopia: II. Patterns of drug resistance in Shigella serotypes. PMID- 6530530 TI - A bacillary dysentery epidemic in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. PMID- 6530531 TI - Detection of Campylobacter coli in diarrhoeal and non-diarrhoeal children in India. PMID- 6530533 TI - Enumeration of small intestinal lymphocyte population in Giardia lamblia-infected mice. PMID- 6530532 TI - Socioeconomic differentials of diarrhoea morbidity and mortality in selected villages of Bangladesh. PMID- 6530534 TI - A clinical study of Vibrio cholerae 01 in Singapore related to environmental factors. PMID- 6530535 TI - Autoantibodies and vascular events in essential hypertension: a five-year longitudinal study. AB - The relationship between serum autoantibodies and vascular events was investigated in 140 patients with essential hypertension during a five-year period. The influence of time upon incidence of autoantibodies was assessed in 55 normotensive controls of roughly the same distribution of age and sex. Thirty four patients experienced a vascular event, which was fatal in 10 cases (7.1%). Eight of these 10 patients had autoantibodies in serum before the events, and the presence of autoantibodies at entry to the study tripled the five-year relative risk for vascular events. Antinuclear antibodies (ANA) and smooth muscle antibodies (SMA) especially contributed to this increased risk. The vascular events were followed by a significantly increased occurrence of ANA. In the control subjects no events occurred and no significant increases in the presence of autoantibodies were found during the five years. ANA and SMA positive sera showed no significant complement fixing properties, and the autoantibodies studied seemed to be secondary to tissue damage. Despite this, they seemed to reflect an ongoing injury of the vascular bed. PMID- 6530536 TI - Post-synaptic alpha-blockade and brachial artery compliance in essential hypertension. AB - Central (six patients) and brachial (12 patients) haemodynamics were studied in men with sustained essential hypertension before and after intravenous administration of an alpha post-synaptic adrenergic blocking drug, urapidil. Brachial arterial compliance was evaluated non-invasively from the simultaneous measurement of pulse wave velocity and arterial diameter. In basal conditions, arterial compliance was reduced in hypertensives. Urapidil caused a significant drop in blood pressure, due to a significant decrease in total peripheral resistance with no change in cardiac output and heart rate. Brachial arterial diameter and compliance did not change significantly. The results show that the decreased arterial compliance in hypertensive patients was not due exclusively to the elevation of blood pressure or to a predominant activation of the autonomic nervous system, or both. Such observations suggest that, in men with sustained essential hypertension, the decreased compliance was probably related to structural alterations of large arteries. PMID- 6530537 TI - DOCA-salt induced malignant hypertension in spontaneously hypertensive rats. AB - DOCA-salt hypertension was produced in 10 male 10-week-old normotensive Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats receiving deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA; 100 mg/kg, subcutaneous pellet) and 1% NaCl drinking water and was compared with data from 10 age- and sex-matched WKY receiving normal tap water (C). These data were also compared with spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) rats similarly treated. After 10 weeks on these programmes, systemic and regional haemodynamics were determined in conscious rats using microsphere techniques. DOCA-salt treatment increased mean arterial pressure (MAP), total peripheral resistance index (TPRI), cardiac and renal weights in both WKY and SHR. In contrast to SHR (C), the SHR (DOCA) demonstrated more severe MAP elevation (204 +/- 4 versus 185 +/- mmHg; P less than 0.01), more severe systemic and regional (especially renal) vasoconstriction, and malignant vasculitis associated with azotaemia and hyperuricaemia. The hyperuricaemia was related inversely to renal blood flow (r = -0.74; P less than 0.01) and directly to renal vasoconstriction (r = 0.65; P less than 0.05) in SHR (DOCA). These data suggest that in both WKY and SHR, DOCA and salt produced marked cardiovascular changes and SHR rats developed malignant hypertension. PMID- 6530538 TI - Sodium sensitivity in essential hypertension: role of the renin-angiotensin aldosterone system and predictive value of an intravenous frusemide test. AB - In order to determine factors contributing to sodium induced changes of blood pressure, 20 patients with essential hypertension were studied when on their regular sodium intake and after two weeks of a low sodium diet (50 mmol daily) and two weeks of a high sodium diet (300 mmol daily). There were two periods of regular sodium intake, one of four weeks at the beginning and one of two weeks at the end of the study. The change in mean arterial pressure between the high and low salt diets (delta MAP) was regarded as a measure of sodium sensitivity, and was directly correlated with age and initial blood pressure. Compared with non responders, responders (delta MAP 10 mmHg or more) showed a lesser activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system during the low salt period. The response to the administration of intravenous frusemide was not helpful in predicting sodium sensitivity. A significant but relatively small (4.2 mmHg) reduction in MAP was obtained during low salt period compared with the first period of regular sodium intake. The data suggest that moderate dietary sodium restriction can help to reduce the blood pressure of the relatively older patient with hypertension. PMID- 6530539 TI - Microcalorimetry and electrophoresis of the erythrocyte membrane of spontaneously hypertensive rats. AB - Abnormalities of both structure and function have been described in the erythrocyte membrane of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). In order to elucidate the molecular basis of these abnormalities we have carried out differential scanning microcalorimetry of the erythrocyte membrane and gel electrophoresis of membrane polypeptides. The partial enthalpy of so-called 'C transition' (at 63 degrees C) was found to be increased. This may be explained by increased content of band 3 protein in SHR erythrocyte membrane. PMID- 6530540 TI - Obesity, alcohol consumption and blood pressure in Australian men and women. The National Heart Foundation of Australia Risk Factor Prevalence Study. AB - The associations of obesity and alcohol consumption with blood pressure and the prevalence of hypertension were studied in 5550 male and female subjects aged 25 to 64 years, surveyed in the National Heart Foundation of Australia 1980 Risk Factor Prevalence Study. Body mass index was significantly and independently associated with blood pressure levels in both sexes. A maximum of 30% of hypertension in the study population could be attributed to overweight. The association between body mass index and hypertension was greater in men under 45 years in whom a maximum of 60% of hypertension could be attributed to overweight. In both men and women receiving antihypertensive treatment, body mass index was positively associated with blood pressure. Overweight hypertensives were less likely to achieve normal blood pressure on treatment. Alcohol consumption was significantly and independently associated with blood pressure levels in males. A similar trend in females failed to reach statistical significance because of the lesser consumption of alcohol by females. A maximum of 11% of hypertension in males and 1% in females could be attributed to alcohol consumption. These estimates were reduced when age and body mass were taken into account. PMID- 6530541 TI - Sympathetic component of baroreflex control of heart rate is impaired in hypertension-prone (SBH) Sabra rats. AB - Baroreflex control of heart rate in response to phenylephrine was studied in conscious Sabra hypertension-prone (SBH) rats, at a prehypertensive stage, and hypertension-resistant (SBN) rats. Baroreflex sensitivity as determined from the slope of the relationship of mean arterial blood pressure and heart period was significantly lower in SBH rats (0.58 +/- 0.06 versus 1.71 +/- 0.11 ms/mmHg in SBN rats, P less than 0.01) before the development of hypertension. Sympathetic nerve blockade with guanethidine (15 mg/kg) significantly reduced the slope of the mean arterial blood pressure-heart period relationship in SBN rats to 0.45 +/ 0.05 ms/mmHg (P less than 0.01) and increased the pressor response to phenylephrine, without having any effect on these parameters in SBH rats. Atropine methyl nitrate (1 mg/kg) abolished reflex vagal bradycardia in response to phenylephrine in both groups of rats. This suggests that SBH rats are unable to withdraw the sympathetic cardiac component of the baroreflex in response to a pressor stimulus and appear to rely only on increased vagal activity to effect bradycardia. PMID- 6530542 TI - Ischaemic brain damage induced by rapid lowering of arterial pressure in hypertension. AB - Mean arterial pressure (MAP) and cerebral blood flow were monitored in six normotensive [MAP = 99 +/- 3 mmHg (s.e.m.)] and seven baboons with renovascular hypertension (MAP = 140 +/- 5 mmHg). Arterial pressure was decreased sufficiently rapidly and for a sufficient time, as determined by the electroencephalogram (EEG), to result in ischaemic brain damage. Using a combination of a bolus injection of trimetaphan, head-up tilt and acute withdrawal of blood, an isoelectric EEG was achieved at a higher MAP in the hypertensive (32 +/- 2 mmHg) than in the normotensive (19 +/- 1 mmHg: P less than 0.001) animals. Cerebral blood flow decreased to an equivalent degree in both groups. Ischaemic brain damage accentuated in the arterial boundary zones was seen in five normotensive and six hypertensive animals. This is further evidence that the resistance vessels in chronic hypertension may limit the degree of hypotension (therapeutic or accidental) that can be tolerated by the hypertensive patient. PMID- 6530543 TI - Urapidil in normotensive and spontaneously hypertensive rats: the effects on systemic and regional haemodynamics and cardiac mass. AB - The effects of treatment for three weeks with urapidil (10 mg/kg p.o. twice daily) on systemic and regional haemodynamics and cardiac mass were studied in normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Urapidil decreased mean arterial pressure and total peripheral resistance index (176 +/- 3 versus 145 +/- 5 mmHg and 0.61 +/- 0.02 versus 0.49 +/- 0.02 units, respectively; each P less than 0.01) in SHR without affecting heart rate, cardiac index or cardiac mass. No systemic haemodynamic changes were observed in WKY rats. All organ vascular resistances decreased significantly in SHR and blood flow increased to skin (P less than 0.01) and kidneys (P less than 0.05). These data indicate that urapidil is a potent antihypertensive agent in SHR which reduced mean arterial pressure through a decreased total peripheral resistance that was distributed throughout all circulations. Despite these haemodynamic changes, cardiac mass did not change. PMID- 6530544 TI - Arterial blood pressure and plasma and body electrolytes in idiopathic hyperaldosteronism: a comparison with primary hyperaldosteronism (Conn's syndrome) and essential hypertension. AB - Exchangeable and plasma electrolytes, blood pressure and aldosterone were measured in groups of patients with idiopathic hyperaldosteronism, primary hyperaldosteronism and essential hypertension and in normal subjects. In idiopathic hyperaldosteronism exchangeable sodium was higher than in both essential hypertensive and normal groups but lower than in primary hyperaldosteronism. Plasma sodium results were similar except that no difference existed between the two forms of hyperaldosteronism. Plasma potassium concentration was lower in idiopathic hyperaldosteronism than in either essential hypertensive or in normal groups, but higher than in primary hyperaldosteronism. Blood pressure correlated with age in all groups and with exchangeable sodium in hypertensive patients. This was also the case with exchangeable sodium:exchangeable potassium ratio, but blood pressure did not correlate with aldosterone in any group. In idiopathic hyperaldosteronism, as in essential hypertension, sodium and blood pressure correlated strongly in male and weakly in female patients. The analysis reveals important differences between idiopathic and primary hyperaldosteronism and also between idiopathic hyperaldosteronism and essential hypertension. PMID- 6530545 TI - A novel principle for detection of systolic and diastolic blood pressure tested in man and rat with special reference to its applicability in rat studies. AB - A non-invasive procedure for the application of a photodetector method in rat studies to obtain both systolic and diastolic blood pressure measurements is described. The method has been tested against well-established procedures in rats and in human beings and has proved sufficiently fast and reliable for use in long term studies. Regression analysis of simultaneously obtained invasive versus non invasive measurements yielded correlation coefficients of 0.99 and 0.98 respectively. Comparison with the Korotkoff principle in human beings yielded correlation coefficients of 0.96 and 0.78 respectively. PMID- 6530547 TI - Intracellular electrolytes during antihypertensive treatment with a loop diuretic. AB - The effect of the loop diuretic, piretanide (12 mg/day on blood pressure and intracellular electrolyte composition in red blood cells during a six-week treatment period was studied in 14 previously untreated essential hypertensive patients. Blood pressure fell continuously during the six weeks, intracellular Na+ activity in red blood cells increased slightly (P less than 0.05), and there was a marked decrease in intracellular Ca2+ activity (P less than 0.01). Intracellular K+ concentration was not altered. It is concluded therefore, that intracellular free Na+ does not correlate with the actual blood pressure, whereas the fall in blood pressure is associated with a decrease in intracellular free Ca2+, suggesting that intracellular free Ca2+ is involved in the regulation of vascular tone. PMID- 6530546 TI - A randomized trial on the effect of decreased dietary sodium intake on blood pressure in adolescents. AB - A randomized crossover trial on the effect of salt restriction on blood pressure was carried out involving 124 adolescents (mean age 16 years). Dietary sodium was reduced from approximately 110 to 45 mEq/24 h for a period of 24 days. Blood pressure was non-significantly lower at the end of the experimental diet for all participants. A slight (0.7 kg), yet statistically significant fall in weight was observed (P less than 0.05). Subgroup analysis demonstrated that participants whose body mass index was below the median had a statistically significant fall in systolic blood pressure (P less than 0.05); fall in weight and increase in heart rate were also more pronounced in the less obese individuals. It would appear that moderate sodium reduction does not have an overall short-term effect on blood pressure in normotensive adolescents. However, body size as reflected in body mass index may influence blood pressure response to sodium reduction. PMID- 6530548 TI - Potassium influx into erythrocytes in essential hypertension. AB - Sodium plus potassium (Na+K) cotransport in erythrocytes of patients with essential hypertension has mainly been studied elsewhere by measuring net outward frusemide-sensitive Na and K movements. We compared K influx (tracer 86 Rubidium) in control subjects and hypertensives who had never previously been treated for hypertension. The cotransport K influx rates in controls and hypertensives were 0.44 +/- 0.02 (mumol/ml cells/h; mean +/- s.e.; n = 20) and 0.67 +/- 0.06 (mumol/ml cells/h; mean +/- s.e.; n = 23) respectively. The active influxes were 1.03 +/- 0.03 and 2.06 +/- 0.13 (mumol/ml cells/h; mean +/- s.e.) respectively. The variance of both parameters was significantly greater in the hypertensive group but, taking this into account, the differences were significant (P less than 0.01). PMID- 6530549 TI - Morphometric studies on the rat renal papilla of resistant and sensitive strains in partial nephrectomy salt hypertension. AB - The renomedullary interstitial cell (RIC) was studied morphometrically in the partial nephrectomy-salt (Chanutin-Ferris) model of hypertension. The RIC were compared in four strains of rat, two of them being resistant to the induction of this form of hypertension and two of them being sensitive. The Dahl salt resistant (R/JR) rat was compared to a commercial Sprague-Dawley (SD) strain, and a Wistar derived strain discovered in Belgrade by Susic and Kentera (WB) was compared to a commercial Wistar strain (W). In both studies, resistance and sensitivity correlated well with the state of the RIC before the experimental procedure, the resistant strain having more numerous and better granulated RIC than the sensitive strain. It may therefore be possible to predict salt resistance or sensitivity in rats by morphological examination of the RIC. PMID- 6530550 TI - Differential stimulation of synaptosomal norepinephrine uptake by high salt diet in Dahl rats. AB - We have studied the norepinephrine (NE) uptake processes directly in synaptosomes isolated from the hypothalamus of both Dahl salt-sensitive (DS) and Dahl salt resistant (DR) rats. Both DS and DR rats were divided into two dietary groups, one high salt diet group and one low salt diet group. NE uptake was highly sodium dependent (averaging 80%) and ouabain sensitive (averaging 55%). The initial 3H NE uptake by the hypothalamic synaptosomal fraction of DR and DS rats on a low salt diet during the first 10-min incubation period averaged 1.19 +/- 0.083 and 1.50 +/- 0.138 pmol/mg protein respectively while those of DR and DS on a high salt diet were 1.69 +/- 0.124 and 1.64 +/- 0.092 pmol/mg protein respectively. Baseline values of NE uptake on low salt diet were relatively high in DS compared to that in DR controls. High salt diet had a stimulatory effect on the net uptake of 3H-NE by hypothalamic synaptosomes of both strains of rats, DS showed an overall enhancement of 9% as compared to DR (42% increase, P = 0.003). This differential enhancement by the high salt diet was apparently contributed to by the sodium-mediated and ouabain sensitive amine uptake process and possibly resulted from a defective inducibility of (Na+-K+)-ATPase in DS rats. PMID- 6530552 TI - Angiotensin sensitivity and prostaglandins in dogs with renal hypertension. AB - During established two-kidney one clip hypertension in dogs blood pressure is elevated despite only slightly raised plasma renin activity. Dose dependent effects of exogenous angiotensin II on systemic and renal haemodynamics were examined before and after induction of this type of hypertension in conscious dogs. There was no difference in the response of blood pressure to angiotensin II in each group, suggesting that altered pressor sensitivity to angiotensin II is not the cause of the persisting hypertension. However sodium excretion, effective renal plasma flow and glomerular filtration rate were all decreased by angiotensin II in the normotensive group, but were unchanged or increased in the hypertensive group. Renal prostaglandin E excretion was also increased in the hypertensive animals, and further increased during infusion with angiotensin II. The altered renal response to angiotensin II in the hypertensive group may reflect changes in occupancy of angiotensin II receptors and/or enhanced renal release of vasodilator prostaglandins. PMID- 6530551 TI - Blood pressure and sodium-lithium countertransport: findings in population-based surveys. AB - A total of 448 individuals ranging in age from 11 to 72 years were studied in a series of seven population-based surveys. Although the relationship was positive in all surveys, a significant correlation was noted between sodium-lithium countertransport and blood pressure in only three of the seven. Hypertensives as a group had significantly higher levels of countertransport than did those with a normal blood pressure. In stepwise regression analysis, however, entering weight into the equation eliminated a significant predictive effect of countertransport. Red cell sodium concentration and membrane leak did not bear any significant relationship to blood pressure. The association between countertransport and blood pressure appears to be weaker in the general population than previously reported for case-control studies. PMID- 6530553 TI - Altered regional vasodilator responses to glossopharyngeal nerve stimulation in spontaneously hypertensive rats. AB - The hindlimb and renal vasodilator responses produced by electrical stimulation of the glossopharyngeal nerve were examined in adult (six to eight months) male spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) normotensive rats to ascertain whether central neurogenically activated vasodilator capacity of these regional vascular beds is altered in SHR. Changes in systemic blood pressure and regional blood flow were simultaneously measured, and vascular resistance was calculated. Glossopharyngeal nerve stimulation (3.0 volts, 0.3 ms) at the frequency of 10 Hz resulted in a significantly greater vasodilation (% decrease in resistance) in SHR than in WKY control for both the hindlimb (SHR - 13.0 +/- 1.5% versus WKY - 3.4 +/- 1.6%, P less than 0.01) and renal (SHR - 7.6 +/- 0.6% versus WKY - 1.3 +/- 0.4%, P less than 0.01) vascular beds. The linear portion of the frequency-response curves of hindlimb or renal vasodilation of SHR was shifted parallel to the left of the WKY curve. Stimulus frequencies required to produce a 20% reduction in hindlimb resistance and a 10% reduction in renal resistance were lower in SHR (hindlimb 17.0 +/- 1.8 Hz; renal 19.9 +/- 1.4 Hz) than in WKY control (hindlimb 24.6 +/- 1.1 Hz; renal 39.3 +/- 4.8 Hz; P less than 0.01). The maximal vasodilator response to glossopharyngeal nerve stimulation in the hindlimb vascular bed was similar in SHR and WKY control, but in the renal vascular bed SHR showed a greater maximal response compared to WKY normotensives (SHR - 16.3 +/- 0.9% versus WKY - 12.7 +/- 1.6%, P less than 0.01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6530554 TI - The antihypertensive effect of calorie restriction in obese adolescents: dissociation of effects on erythrocyte countertransport and cotransport. AB - Measures of maximal rates of lithium-sodium countertransport and frusemide sensitive sodium and potassium cotransport have been proposed as biochemical markers for human essential hypertension. The stability of these functions over time within the same individuals has led to the suggestion that maximal transport capacities are genetically determined. The present study confirms the reproducibility of functional assays of countertransport and cotransport in human erythrocytes after overnight storage and over a six-month period in normal volunteers and provides estimates of the magnitude of technical error for each assay. A long-term dietary intervention study in a group of obese adolescents demonstrated marked increases in erythrocyte sodium levels and maximal frusemide sensitive sodium and potassium fluxes but no changes in cell potassium or water and no effect on lithium-sodium countertransport. A correlation between the decrease in percentage of body fat and the increase in cell sodium content suggests a link between the metabolic effects of dieting and control of erythrocyte cation handling. Although the mechanism linking dietary calorie restriction and changes in erythrocyte cation metabolism is unknown, evaluation of body weight, and especially recent weight loss, is important in studies of erythrocyte transport. Conclusions regarding genetic contributions to the activities of lithium-sodium countertransport and sodium-potassium cotransport systems will be strengthened by clarification of environmental regulators. PMID- 6530555 TI - Calcium pools in the contraction of arterial smooth muscle induced by several agonists. AB - After perfusing the vascular circuit of the mesenteric artery of the rat with a Ca-free solution for 20 min, extracellular Ca was depleted, and the vasoconstrictor effect of high K solutions was abolished, while the vasopressin response was reduced by 40%, serotonin by 30% and noradrenaline and adrenaline responses by about 20%. When the Ca-free perfusion was prolonged for 2 h or more, the vascular responses to the agonists were further reduced due to depletion of cellular Ca. Successive doses of each agonist injected at 1 min intervals showed a decline of the responses, that recovered when 4 min or more were allowed to pass after the last injection. This reversible desensitization or tachyphylaxis was rapidly abolished by Ca. Noradrenaline and adrenaline showed crossed tachyphylaxis, which depressed the responses to serotonin and vasopressin. Tachyphylaxis to serotonin and vasopressin did not depress the response to the other two agonists. These findings support the conclusion that not only do noradrenaline and adrenaline share a Ca pool, but that so do serotonin and vasopressin. These two agonists each require a separate Ca pool. PMID- 6530556 TI - Standardized methods for comparison of sphygmomanometers. AB - Medical research in general and equipment comparisons in particular suffer from a deficiency and disparity of statistical analysis. We studied four semi-automatic sphygmomanometers in comparison with the Hawksley random zero mercury manometer. The Astropulse 80 showed marked deviation from the standard machine in average blood pressure recorded and greater variation of readings. The Infrasonde M3010, Bosomat II and Infrasonde D4000 were similar to the standard machine. To help comparability in future studies we suggest the following guidelines; blood pressures to be taken under standard conditions, data to be shown as scatterplots, analysis of variance to be performed and regression analysis to be used only to give an approximate overall view. Finally, we urge the manufacturing companies to conduct such studies and include the results in their brochures. PMID- 6530557 TI - Annual meeting of the British Hypertension Society. Oxford, UK, 25th-26th September 1984. PMID- 6530558 TI - [Interstitial cystitis. Current aspects]. AB - Fifty-five cases of interstitial cystitis are reported, symptomatology in these 43 women and 12 men being of a severe nature: diurnal and nocturnal pollakiuria, supra-pubic pain. Disorders were always permanent and had been present for at least 6 months, diagnosis being confirmed by endoscopy. Initial bladder filling demonstrated the most important lesions (Hunner's ulcer) and allowed determination of bladder capacity. Decompression and a repeat vesical repletion showed mucosal hemorrhagic spots, establishing the diagnosis of interstitial cystitis. Biopsy forceps were used to obtain fragments of bladder wall for optical microscopy in all cases and electron microscopy in several patients. Histologic findings were compared with two control groups: a group of 30 patients with pollakiuria and dysuria but absence of hemorrhage during bladder distention; a group of 9 patients operated upon for other lesions and with normal bladders. Extracellular deposits were searched for in freshly frozen fragments (liquid nitrogen) in 10 patients, while 24 patients underwent immunologic tests. Finally electron microscopy was used to study vesical epithelium to detect epithelial cell junction. In contrary, optical microscopy by immuno-histochemistry was used to study cytoskeletal keratin filaments. Two groups in this series were distinguished: one with major forms (18 cases) and one with minor forms (37 cases) of the affection. In major forms, affecting elderly patients with reduced bladder capacity, lesions on endoscopy and first distention were apparent as Hunner's ulcer and hemorrhage covering the non-ulcerated mucosa with petechiae. Initial distention in minor forms showed normal mucosa with, on decompression and repeat distention, the appearance of hemorrhagic sub-mucosal spots in the mobile bladder structures. PMID- 6530559 TI - [Treatment of embryonal carcinoma of the testis (stages I and IIa) without lymph node curettage. Long-term results]. AB - Of 18 cases of embryonic carcinoma seen over the last 13 years, 10 were classified as inferior to stage III and were treated without glandular curettage: 5 by combined chemotherapy and radiotherapy, 3 by chemotherapy alone and 2 by radiotherapy alone. All patients have survived beyond 2 years (2 to 11 years). The attitude is considered as too restrictive which implies treating only when secondary recurrence occurs, since certain patients are lost to view. Moreover, curettage has a higher morbidity than chemotherapy. Routine chemotherapy without glandular curettage would appear to be indicated for stages a priori I and II. PMID- 6530560 TI - [A rare cause of bladder neck obstruction: cervico-trigonal cysts. Report of 2 clinical cases]. AB - Two rare cases of cervico-urethral obstructive lesions are described, illustrating two typical examples of the twofold pathogenic possibilities of the affection. The first patient had a probably congenital cervico-trigonal cyst due to a ureteral bud in the bladder wall. The second case presented different symptoms and signs, and this together with histology findings suggested an acquired nature of the lesion from cystic transformation of an infected glandular structure. The published literature is reviewed and diagnostic difficulties are emphasized, particularly differentiation from a prostate median lobe lesion. PMID- 6530561 TI - [Descriptive epidemiology of urologic cancers]. AB - Frequency and distribution of urologic cancer where studied by comparing mortality and morbidity rates in various french departments with those published worldwide. PMID- 6530562 TI - [Posterior vertical lumbotomy. Its value in surgery of the kidney]. AB - Principal technical features are described briefly based on a personal series of use of the procedure in 35 cases. The patient is placed in decubitus; a parietal approach is performed while avoiding the genitofemoral nerve; the incision can be enlarged downwards and above all upwards (subperiosteal segmental resection of 12th rib). The lateral posterior vertical lumbotomy possesses the advantage over classical lateral lumbotomy of being less disturbing to muscle, being less painful postoperatively, and never leading to eventration. It also reduces hospital stay. It presents the disadvantage, however, of providing only a narrow view of the operation zone, which limits its use to simple procedures such as exeresis of pyelic and upper lumbar ureteral calculi. It is dangerous, on the contrary, and should not be used in surgery of coralliform stones. PMID- 6530563 TI - [Right to left (or left to right) cystoprostatectomy]. AB - Surgical techniques using right to left (or left to right) prostatocystectomy are described, although a first-stage posterior approach is used. This procedure, applied for cases treated over the last 2 years, can be completed in approximately one hour and under only slightly hemorrhagic conditions. PMID- 6530564 TI - [Repair of a complex vesicovaginal fistula using a musculocutaneous flap of the gracilis muscle]. AB - Effective repair of an obstetrical vesicovaginal fistula was obtained using an original technique, after five unsuccessful operations. The method involves removal of a pediculated musculo-aponeurotic flap from the internal surface of the thigh using the gracilis muscle. The flap is passed through a subcutaneous tunnel to a position facing the loss of bladder substance: the muscular surface of the flap is oriented towards the detrusor while the cutaneous portion is sutured to the vaginal wall. This technique should be used more widely for vesicovaginal fistulae with great loss of substance. PMID- 6530565 TI - [Cardiopulmonary bypass using a centrifugal pump: hemodynamic and hematological evaluation in 33 clinical cases]. PMID- 6530566 TI - [Evaluation of esophageal carcinoma concomitant with achalasia--a statistical reports of 139 institutes in Japan]. PMID- 6530567 TI - [Measurement of micro-airbubbles in the extracorporeal circulation by laser bubble detector]. PMID- 6530568 TI - [Early detection and differential diagnosis of renal insufficiency following cardiac surgery--diagnostic value of free water clearance and fractional excretion of sodium]. PMID- 6530569 TI - [Clinical studies on left ventricular aneurysmectomy]. PMID- 6530570 TI - [Thrombus formation and its prevention during extracorporeal circulation--effect of preoperative administration with the antiplatelet drugs]. PMID- 6530571 TI - [Chemical pleurodesis with nocardia rubra cell wall skeleton (N-CWS) for management of pleural air leakage]. PMID- 6530572 TI - [Analysis on pulmonary circulation after lung resection--with special reference to the principle component analysis using multivariate data]. PMID- 6530573 TI - [Blood flow in the abnormal artery of an intralobar sequestration]. PMID- 6530574 TI - [A successful operative case of congenital mitral stenosis with ventricular septal defect and severe pulmonary hypertension]. PMID- 6530575 TI - [Pre- and postoperative coagulation disorders of thoracic aortic aneurysms]. PMID- 6530576 TI - [Tracheobronchial reconstruction by Barclay's method. A case report]. PMID- 6530577 TI - [The 57th annual meeting of the Japanese Orthopaedic Association. Sapporo, June 22-24, 1984. Abstracts]. PMID- 6530578 TI - [Analysis for prognostic factors of radiotherapy for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma]. PMID- 6530579 TI - [Clinical studies on radiotherapy combined with local hyperthermia for refractory cancers]. PMID- 6530580 TI - [The quantitative correlation between anemia and hypoproteinemia in malignant cancer]. PMID- 6530581 TI - [Clinical and pathological analysis of endometrial carcinoma]. PMID- 6530582 TI - [Flow-cytometric analysis of changes of lymphocyte subsets in the blood in cancer patients during radiotherapy. 5. Special reference to OKIa 1+-lymphocytes]. PMID- 6530583 TI - [Double malignancies in the stomach and other organs--analysis with the person years method]. PMID- 6530584 TI - [Relationship between hormone receptors in human breast cancer and nuclear grade]. PMID- 6530585 TI - [Oral administration of streptococcal preparation "OK 432"--the 4th report: augmentation of in vitro anti-tumor immune responses of mice with transplanted cecal tumor]. PMID- 6530586 TI - The roles of Golgi and endoplasmic reticulum in the synthesis and assembly of lipoprotein lipids in rat hepatocytes. AB - Microsomes, derived from the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi fractions, were isolated from rat liver and separated into content and membrane subfractions by treatment with sodium carbonate or by passage through the French pressure cell. The microsomal content contained particles, which had a triglyceride molar concentration tenfold greater than that of phospholipid, cholesterol, and cholesteryl ester. In contrast, the Golgi content contained particles approximately 50% larger which contained proportionally less triglyceride. [3H]palmitic acid was initially incorporated into a pool of triglyceride, associated with the microsomal membrane, subsequently sequestered in the cisternal space, and then transferred to the Golgi region. [3H]palmitic acid was incorporated more slowly into phospholipid. The specific activity of the microsomal content phospholipid reached a level approximately twice that of the membrane, suggesting that newly synthesized phospholipid is preferentially sequestered. However, the specific activities of the Golgi membrane and content phospholipid were similar to that of the microsomal membrane. These observations suggest that the triglyceride to be secreted is sequestered into the cisternal space of the endoplasmic reticulum together with only small amounts of other lipids. The bulk of the phospholipid and cholesterol to be secreted is apparently added to the triglyceride-rich particles when these reach the Golgi cisternae. PMID- 6530587 TI - Simultaneous determination of cholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid pool sizes and fractional turnover rates in human serum using 13C-labeled bile acids. AB - A method has been developed for simultaneous determination of pool sizes and fractional turnover rates (FTR) of chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) and cholic acid (CA) in man by 13C/12C isotope ratio measurements of bile acids in serum after oral administration of 20-50 mg of [24-13C]-labeled bile acids. 13C/12C isotope ratio measurements were performed by capillary gas-liquid chromatography/electron impact mass spectrometry. CA and CDCA kinetics in serum measured by this method exhibited first order kinetics and permitted calculation of pool size and FTR of CA and CDCA. The validity of the measurements in serum was tested by simultaneous measurements in bile in three healthy volunteers and in five patients with various hepatobiliary disorders (three patients with cirrhosis, one with cholecystectomy and sphincterotomy, and one with sphincterotomy only). No consistent differences were found between the pool sizes and FTR's obtained from serum and bile. In a total of five healthy volunteers bile acid kinetics were measured in serum. The values found for the pool sizes and FTR's of CA and CDCA in these subjects were in excellent agreement with data reported in the literature based on 14C or 3H measurements in bile. The pool sizes (mean +/- SD) of CDCA and CA were 32.6 +/- 9.9 and 31.8 +/- 16.0 mumol X kg-1, respectively. The corresponding values for the FTR's were 0.24 +/- 0.13 and 0.48 +/- 0.22 d-1. These data demonstrate that pool sizes and fractional turnover rates of cholic and chenodeoxycholic acid can be measured simultaneously by blood sampling after oral administration of the respective 13C-labeled bile acids. PMID- 6530588 TI - Cholesteryl sulfate: the major polar lipid of horse hoof. AB - The lipids of horse hoof have been analyzed by quantitative thin-layer chromatography. The major components include cholesterol (37-40%), six groups of ceramides (10-15%), and cholesteryl sulfate (15-20%). Free fatty acids are abundant (15.8%) in the outer fully keratinized hoof, but are present at only low levels (3.1%) in the softer hyponychium. The material identified as cholesteryl sulfate was isolated by preparative thin-layer chromatography and characterized by a combination of chemical, chromatographic, and spectroscopic methods. The infrared spectrum of the isolated material had absorption bands at 800, 1063, 1200, and 1235 cm-1, indicating a sulfate ester. This sulfolipid was nonsaponifiable, but upon acid hydrolysis yielded cholesterol as the only charrable product, which was identified by its chromatographic behavior and by its electron impact mass spectrum. The isolated sulfolipid also had the same mobility on thin-layer chromatography as authentic cholesteryl sulfate in several different solvent systems. Sulfated gangliosides, which were previously reported to be major horse hoof lipids, were not found among the principal lipid components in the present study. It is concluded that cholesteryl sulfate is the major polar lipid of horse hoof. This may be a significant factor determining the high degree of cohesiveness of this fully keratinized tissue. PMID- 6530589 TI - Detection of 3-hydroxy-etianic and 3-hydroxy-bisnorcholanoic acids in human serum. AB - Capillary GLC-MS analysis of the free/sulfate/glucuronide bile acid fraction obtained from human cholestatic serum demonstrated the presence of 3 hydroxyandrostan-17 beta-carboxylic (etianic) and 3-hydroxybisnorcholanoic acids. PMID- 6530590 TI - Bile salts of the coelacanth, Latimeria chalumnae. AB - Bile salts of the coelacanth, Latimeria chalumnae, Smith, have been analyzed and shown to have three bile alcohols, latimerol, 5 alpha-cyprinol, and 5 alpha cholestane-3 beta, 7 alpha,-12 alpha,25,26-pentol, two C24 bile acids, chenodeoxycholic acid and cholic acid, one C26 bile acid, probably 3 beta, 7 alpha, 12 alpha-trihydroxy-27-nor-5 alpha-cholestan-26-oic acid, and two C27 bile acids, 3 alpha,7 alpha,12 alpha-trihydroxy-5 alpha-cholestan-26-oic acid and 3 beta,7 alpha,12 alpha-trihydroxy-5 alpha-cholestan-26-oic acid as determined by gas-liquid chromatography and gas-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. PMID- 6530591 TI - Similar bioavailability and lymphatic transport of benzo(a)pyrene when administered to rats in different amounts of dietary fat. AB - This study assessed the effect of concomitant lipid absorption on the bioavailability and lymphatic transport of benzo(a)pyrene (BP), a carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH). Conscious, male Sprague-Dawley rats, equipped with biliary and mesenteric lymphatic catheters received intraduodenally a dose of 0.4 mumoles 3H-labeled BP completely dissolved in either 50 mumoles or 500 mumoles of olive oil. Diversion of mesenteric lymph allowed biliary and urinary excretion of 3H to be used as an indirect measurement of relative 3H portal transport. Total radiolabel recovered in a 24-hr period in each group was 20.0 +/- 2.6% of the 3H dose given in 50 mumoles of oil, and 17.0 +/- 1.0% of the 3H dose administered in 500 mumoles of oil. In animals receiving the low-fat test meal, 79.4 +/- 1.4% of the recovered radiolabel was found in bile; the corresponding value for the high fat dose was 78.5 +/- 2.6%. Thus a tenfold variation in the mass of the carrier vehicle (triglyceride oil) did not significantly effect the disposition of BP, and portal, not lymphatic transport, was the major route of post-absorptive transport. Although the chylomicrons produced from both fat doses were initially contaminated with BP, within 1-1.5 hr the radioactivity in lymph began to drop such that by 3 hr in the animals fed high fat, the chylomicrons were essentially free of BP. These results show that the rat enterocyte quickly adapts to PAH-contaminated dietary fat, even during the assimilation of a single dose of fat. Presumably, during the post-absorptive synthesis of chylomicrons from pre-chylomicrons, BP is metabolized and removed from the triglyceride oil droplets. PMID- 6530592 TI - Partial ileal bypass reduces the production rate of low density lipoproteins in Watanabe heritable hyperlipidemic rabbits. AB - Partial ileal bypass surgery in homozygous Watanabe heritable hyperlipidemic (WHHL) rabbits resulted in a decrease of low density lipoproteins (LDL) cholesterol from 14.2 +/- 2.4 to 7.0 +/- 1.2 mmol/l. To investigate the effect of partial ileal bypass on receptor-mediated and receptor-independent LDL catabolism, turnover studies were performed of radiolabeled native LDL and chemically modified LDL (methyl-LDL) in WHHL rabbits after partial ileal bypass, in WHHL control rabbits, and in New Zealand White ("normal") rabbits. The plasma LDL pool in WHHL control rabbits was increased 10-fold. The receptor-mediated LDL clearance was essentially zero in WHHL rabbits, both in controls and after ileal bypass surgery; the fractional catabolic rates for total LDL were equal in both WHHL groups and were also similar to that for methyl-LDL in the normal rabbits. Seventy percent of the total LDL clearance in the normal rabbits occurred via the LDL receptor pathway. In the animals with a partial ileal bypass, the plasma LDL protein pool was appreciably lower than in WHHL controls (41.6 +/- 5.7 vs 73.4 +/ 9.9 mg/kg, P less than 0.02). The absolute catabolic rate was almost 50% lower in the PIB group (21.4 +/- 2.0 vs 40.0 +/- 7.5 mg X kg-1 X day-1, P less than 0.02). These results indicate that the decrease of LDL after partial ileal bypass surgery in WHHL rabbits is the result of a reduced production rate of LDL. PMID- 6530593 TI - Extrahepatic synthesis of apolipoprotein E. AB - Apolipoprotein E (apoE) synthesis has been examined in rat and guinea pig tissues using in vitro translation and [35S]methionine labeling of tissue slices. A number of tissues not involved in lipoprotein synthesis synthesize a protein very similar to apoE, including the spleen, adrenal, kidney, testis, ovary, heart, and lung. Although the intestine is involved in lipoprotein synthesis, apoE synthesis could not be detected in intestinal mucosa. The protein synthesized by the extrahepatic tissues was identified as apoE by its electrophoretic mobility, its immunologic reactivity with a monospecific antibody and by limited proteolysis mapping with Staphylococcus aureus V8 protease. ApoE represented between 0.02 and 0.7% of the total protein synthesized in the extrahepatic tissues, indicating that apoE mRNA is a fairly abundant mRNA in these tissues. ApoE mRNA was also detected by hybridization with a rat apoE cDNA clone, which hybridized to a single mRNA 1250 nucleotides in length in rat liver and in extrahepatic tissues. Hybridization of the apoE clone to rat genomic DNA demonstrated that the apoE gene was more heavily methylated in intestinal mucosa, which did not synthesize apoE, than in liver, testis, or kidney. 35S labeling of peritoneal macrophages revealed that both rat and guinea pig macrophages synthesized and secreted apoE in vitro. Rhesus aortic smooth muscle cells also synthesized and secreted apoE. The possible functions of apoE synthesized in the peripheral tissues are considered. PMID- 6530594 TI - Direct determination of human and rabbit apolipoprotein B selectively precipitated with butanol-isopropyl ether. AB - A method is described for the rapid, selective, and quantitative precipitation of apolipoprotein B from isolated hypercholesterolemic rabbit and human very low density lipoproteins (VLDL), intermediate density lipoproteins (IDL), and low density lipoproteins (LDL). Lipoprotein samples are heat-treated at 100 degrees C in 1% SDS. The denatured apoprotein solutions are then mixed briefly with two volumes of butanol-isopropyl ether 45:55 (v/v) to precipitate the apoB. The supernatant solutions, containing the non-apoB proteins and lipids, are removed and the apoB pellet is washed once with water. To determine apoB specific activity, the apoB pellet is resolubilized in 0.5 M NaOH by heating for 30 min at 120 degrees C. The hydrolyzed apoB protein is quantitated by fluorescence of a fluorescamine derivative. The precipitation of apoB is quantitative and selective: 99.5% of rabbit 125I-labeled LDL-apoB and 97.5% of human 125I-labeled LDL-apoB is precipitated and less than 5% of 125I-labeled HDL added to unlabeled VLDL, IDL, or LDL is precipitated. Triglyceride and cholesteryl ester contamination of the apoB pellet is less than 2% of their original radioactivities. PMID- 6530595 TI - Protocol for efficient plasma sampling for low density lipoprotein turnover studies. AB - Radiolabeled low density lipoprotein (LDL) is commonly used to study the turnover of LDL apolipoprotein B (apoB), the major protein component of LDL. Following an intravenous injection of radioiodinated LDL, typical sampling schedules have including 20-25 samples over a 14-day period with frequent sampling during the first 12 hr and daily samples thereafter. This is a burdensome task for subjects and investigators. To improve acceptance of the procedure, we have examined the effects of reduced sampling schedules upon the estimation of the fractional catabolic rate (FCR) for LDL apoB. Data from 36 different sets of LDL decay curves obtained from investigations of subjects with a variety of lipoprotein phenotypes have been used to test these schedules. Our results indicate that by choosing specific intervals over a 14-day period only 10 samples are sufficient to accurately determine the fractional catabolic rate for LDL in plasma. This reduced sampling schedule should facilitate the study of LDL turnover in large groups of subjects as outpatients. PMID- 6530596 TI - Improved recovery of fatty acid through direct transesterification without prior extraction or purification. AB - Methods currently in use for the quantitative measurement of fatty acids by gas liquid chromatography after transesterification are usually lengthy and cumbersome. The technique described is a one-step reaction that is carried out in the same tube and bypasses all the extraction and purification steps. Recoveries of fatty acid and triglyceride standards (C6:0 to C24:1) were better than 96%. When the direct transesterification method was compared to the Folch extraction procedure, increases of fatty acid concentration of 11.4% and 15.8% were observed in human milk and adipose tissue, respectively. The method appears to be particularly advantageous for the recovery of the highly volatile medium chain triglycerides and there is no need to add an antioxidant to protect unsaturated lipids. PMID- 6530597 TI - Measurement of rates of cholesterol synthesis using tritiated water. AB - Rates of sterol synthesis in various tissues commonly are assessed by assaying levels of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA (HMG-CoA) reductase on isolated microsomes or by measuring the rates of incorporation of various 14C-labeled substrates or [3H]water into cholesterol by whole cell preparations in vitro or by the tissues of the whole animal in vivo. While measurement of activities of HMG-CoA reductase or rates of incorporation of 14C-labeled substrates into cholesterol give useful relative rates of sterol production, neither method yields absolute rates of cholesterol synthesis. The use of [3H]water circumvents the problem of variable and unknown dilution of the specific activity of the precursor pool encountered when 14C-labeled substrates are used and does yield absolute rates of cholesterol synthesis provided that the 3H/C incorporation ratio is known for a particular tissue. In 12 different experimental situations it has been found that from 21 to 27 micrograms atoms of 3H are incorporated into cholesterol from [3H]water in different tissues of several animal species, so that the 3H/C incorporation ratio is similar under nearly all experimental conditions and varies from 0.78 to 1.00. When administered in vivo, [3H]water rapidly equilibrates with intracellular water and is incorporated into sterols within the various organs at rates that are linear with respect to time. From such data it is possible to obtain absolute rates of cholesterol synthesis in the whole animal and in the various organs of the animal. Current data suggest, therefore, that use of [3H]water yields the most accurate rates of cholesterol synthesis both in vitro and in vivo. PMID- 6530598 TI - Lateral chain packing in lipids and membranes. AB - The aliphatic chains of many biologically important lipids are heterogeneous and often related to the functions of the molecules. Certain phospholipids containing arachidonic acid may serve as precursors for prostaglandins, certain diglycerides may serve as second messengers for certain membrane-triggered reactions (43), and other phospholipids containing a very short chain in the two position may serve as vasoactive hormones (44). The packing of such molecules is of interest. The evidence is quite clear from both the conformation of saturated and unsaturated molecules and from mixing experiments in the solid state that long and short chains don't mix well, nor do unsaturated and saturated chains, even if they are of the same chain length. There is even some evidence to indicate that some degree of chain segregation occurs even in the liquid state. However, different chains are often associated through covalent bonds, e.g., in wax esters, diacylglycerols, triacylglycerols, and phospholipids. A variety of possibilities for chain segregation are present in the neat phases of wax esters, ceramides, diacylglycerols, and triacylglycerols. However, in the unique case of membrane lipids like phospholipids or sphingolipids, the two chains are forced to lie side by side by virtue of the interaction of the polar group with water, and thus interactions between different chains must occur. Most of the evidence suggests that, when a solid phase results in these systems, the nonspecific chain packing mode (hexagonal chain packing) is preferred. In fact, for all of the phospholipids studied thus far, clearcut evidence of specific chain-chain interaction in molecules having both unsaturated and saturated chains has never been observed. However, for mixed chain triacylglycerols, evidence of specific chain-chain interactions (beta' and even beta) has been found and some suggestions have been given as to how this might occur through chain segregation mechanisms in the neat state. The literature suggests that further work needs to be done on the interaction of different chains that are covalently linked to the same molecule. Such studies will lead to a better understanding of the structure of lipid bilayers, membranes, lipoproteins, and lipid deposits. PMID- 6530599 TI - Bacterial membranes and lipid packing theory. AB - Recent physical studies on the lipids of biological membranes have emphasized the potential instability of the lamellar phase of mixtures of lipids containing unsaturated species of phosphatidylethanolamine, plasmenylethanolamine, or monoglycosyldiacylglycerols, all of which are important constituents of the membranes of different groups of prokaryotes. The polar lipid compositions of bacteria are examined in terms of lipid packing theory. This survey reveals that gram-negative species with high proportions of unsaturated fatty acids (greater than 65%), often have phosphatidylcholine (PC), in addition to the more common phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylglycerol, and cardiolipin. Physical studies have shown that PC is capable of inducing the bilayer phase when added to unsaturated PE. Many bacteria that are rich in unsaturated fatty acids and contain PC, have intracytoplasmic membrane systems (ICM), and the potential role of bilayer instability in the formation of ICM is discussed. Two groups of bacteria that are either natural fatty acid auxotrophs or utilize exogenous fatty acids when endogenous synthesis is inhibited, Acholeplasma laidlawii and the butyric acid-producing clostridia, are capable of adjusting their lipid class compositions according to the degree of unsaturation of their lipid aliphatic chains. Lipid class composition is also affected by growth temperature in both groups of organisms, and by incorporation of cholesterol in A. laidlawii. As the content of cis-unsaturated fatty acids or temperature is increased, lipids that form an unstable lamellar phase at physiological temperatures are replaced with lipids that have larger effective polar head groups, and can therefore form more stable bilayers. PMID- 6530601 TI - Expression of lectin genes during seed development in normal and phytohemagglutinin-deficient cultivars of Phaseolus vulgaris. AB - Phytohemagglutinin (PHA), the major lectin of the common bean Phaseolus vulgaris, is synthesized during the development of the seeds. In most cultivars PHA makes up 5-10% of the total seed protein, but certain cultivars do not contain PHA. In vivo labeling of a normal cultivar (Greensleeves) and a PHA-minus cultivar (Pinto 111) showed that PHA was not synthesized in the PHA-minus cultivar. To find out whether the lack of synthesis was due to the absence of mRNA for PHA, recombinant cDNA clones for PHA were obtained. Total poly(A)+ RNA was isolated from cotyledons of developing seeds of Greensleeves and used to direct cDNA synthesis. The double stranded cDNA was cloned in pUC8 and transformants of Escherichia coli screened with pPVL134, a recombinant plasmid which contains the complete coding sequence for a PHA-like protein. Two weakly hybridizing clones (pSC1 and pSC2) were selected. Hybrid selection experiments showed that these two clones selected mRNAs which could be translated into polypeptides identical in size to PHA and recognized by antibodies to PHA. The recombinant pPVL134 selected mRNA which translated into polypeptides which were slightly smaller than those of PHA, and poorly recognized by antibodies to PHA. The recombinant clones were used to demonstrate that the genes for PHA and for the PHA-like protein are under temporal control during seed development. The cultivar Pinto 111, which has no detectable PHA, also has greatly reduced levels of mRNA for PHA. However, the gene for the PHA-like protein encoded by pPVL134 is expressed to the same degree in the cultivars Greensleeves and Pinto 111. PMID- 6530600 TI - The origin and properties of free cholesterol potential gradients in plasma, and their relation to atherogenesis. PMID- 6530602 TI - Expression of disease symptoms in cauliflower mosaic virus genomic hybrids. AB - In an effort to determine if particular regions of the cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) genome could be associated with particular phenotypic characters, strains of CaMV differing markedly in biological properties were recombined to produce hybrids. DNA from pairs of (infectious) genomic clones was cleaved with restriction endonucleases, then mixed and ligated. Recombinants were found by screening transformants in E. coli, or by selection in vivo for infectious hybrids. Recombinants in infected turnip plants were characterized by restriction endonuclease mapping of their DNA to confirm the hybrid genotype. New hybrid strains that induced less severe disease, or conversely, more severe disease than either parent were observed. The experiments revealed that typical disease expression, consisting of leaf chlorosis and mottling, mapped to a genome segment containing open reading frame VI (ORF VI) and the full-length promoter. This basic disease symptom was found to be influenced by other regions of the genome. Insect transmissibility mapped to ORF II. The ability to develop generalized infections in solanaceous plants was tested in hybrids between CaMV CM1841 and a variant that infects Datura stramonium systemically. In this case the systemic mobilization of virus appeared to be controlled by ORF VI, suggesting that this gene may function in cell-to-cell movement of virus. PMID- 6530604 TI - Quo vadis? PMID- 6530605 TI - Sports medicine in Louisiana: A survey of 242 high schools. PMID- 6530603 TI - The DNA sequence of the mercury resistance operon of the IncFII plasmid NR1. AB - The DNA sequence has been determined for a 3.8-kilobase region which encodes the mercury resistance (mer) operon of the IncFII plasmid NR1. The sequence reveals four open reading frames which could encode proteins of 12,391, 9,429, 14,965, and 58,781 daltons. On the basis of their sizes, amino acid compositions, hydropathicities, and estimated isoelectric points, the peptides encoded by these open reading frames correspond to the four previously described Hg-inducible proteins detected in minicells carrying mer+ plasmids. The NR1 mer locus is 63.4% GC overall, and the Hg(II) reductase protein sequence is 90% homologous to that of Tn501. The region encoding the merR (positive regulatory) function has three open reading frames. The smallest of these possible merR peptides (6,457 daltons) begins approximately 280 bp to the right of the adjacent IS1b and reads towards the structural genes of the mer operon. The next largest reading frame (13,139 daltons) in the merR region begins 37 bp to the left of the beginning of the smallest peptide and also reads towards the structural genes. The largest reading frame (15,907 daltons) in the merR region lies on the complementary strand and reads away from the structural genes towards IS1b. Although attempts to visualize the merR gene product were not successful, in vitro mutagenesis allows us to eliminate the largest reading frame as a merR candidate. We were also able to show that approximately 50% of the smallest detectable mer peptide (9,429 daltons) is located in the periplasm. PMID- 6530606 TI - An evaluation of clinic functioning in five outpatient clinics. PMID- 6530607 TI - Organized medicine and social medicine. PMID- 6530608 TI - Role of sterols, other than cholesterol in the pathogenesis of human diseases. PMID- 6530609 TI - Dopamine metabolism in the central nervous system after discontinuation of L-dopa therapy in patients with Parkinson disease. AB - The dopamine turnover rate in the central nervous system (CNS) of parkinsonian patients was studied by means of the intravenous probenecid test during drug holiday (DH) and alternate day L-dopa therapy (ADDT). After L-dopa therapy was stopped, the dopamine turnover rate decreased more rapidly in patients with the marked wearing-off phenomenon than that in patients without fluctuation of symptoms. The lumbar CSF concentrations of L-dopa and 3-O-methyldopa of patients with and without wearing-off phenomenon were similar during L-dopa therapy. DH improved the effect of L-dopa on parkinsonian symptoms; it did not affect, however, the metabolism of exogenous L-dopa. The dopamine turnover rate in the CNS before L-dopa therapy or on on-days did not differ between patients tolerating and those not tolerating ADDT. However, it was significantly lower on off-days in patients not tolerating ADDT than in those tolerating ADDT. The relationship between dopamine storage in the CNS and the response to L-dopa therapy is discussed. PMID- 6530610 TI - Motor neuron disease in the province of Turin, Italy, 1966-1980. Survival analysis in an unselected population. AB - We performed a population based survival analysis of all incident cases (220) of motor neuron disease (MND) in the province of Turin, Italy, during the period 1966-1980. 175 cases were diagnosed as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), 43 as progressive muscular atrophy (PMA) and 2 as progressive bulbar palsy (PBP). The life-tables of MND, adjusted as to the "expected" mortality, showed a survival rate of 27.8% and 22.0% at 5 and 10 years, respectively. The course of PMA and ALS cases was different, with a 5-year survival rate of 66.8% and 17.7%, respectively. Nevertheless both life-tables showed a similar pattern with a rapidly fatal outcome in the first 3 years after diagnosis and a slower death rate in the following years. In each curve, the slopes suggested the presence of 2 subgroups with different prognosis. It is to be stressed that a percentage of PMA patients (25.7%) showed a rapidly fatal outcome and that a subgroup of ALS patients (26.6%) showed a relatively benign course. This might suggest a different individual susceptibility to the disease. PMID- 6530611 TI - Cochlear axon calibres are adjusted to characteristic frequencies. AB - This study explores factors determining axon calibres, using the normal cochlear nerve as a model. The topographic distribution of axon calibres in the cochlear nerve of the guinea pig was found to correspond to its known tonotopic organization. Axons derived from the cochlear apex which carry sounds of low pitch were located centrally in the nerve and were about half as thick as axons derived from the basal turns, which are located at the periphery and carry sounds of high pitch. Intermediate ranges were located in between. If one compares these measurements with physiological data one finds axon calibres matched to characteristic frequency ranges to a degree that should cause mismatching of conduction time. PMID- 6530612 TI - Multiple sclerosis co-existent with myxedema. An autopsy case report. AB - A 64-year-old woman developed impaired consciousness and vision, sensorimotor paresis, hypothermia, bradycardia, and edema. Symptoms fluctuated with seasonal exacerbations in winter and terminated in coma with respiratory insufficiency at age 69. High CSF protein content and low serum T4 and TSH levels were noted. Treatment with prednisolone and thyroxin considerably improved her consciousness and edema. The patient suddenly expired of pulmonary embolism. Postmortem examination revealed a marked atrophy of pituitary and thyroid glands, while multiple demyelinating plaques were disclosed in the optic tract and cervical cord. A review of the literature indicates that this is the first report of the co-existence of two such disorders. PMID- 6530613 TI - Non-linear effects of age on nerve conduction in adults. AB - The effects of age on conduction and amplitude in median and ulnar (motor and sensory), superficial radial, sural and common peroneal (motor) nerves of adults were prospectively investigated. Four routinely recorded parameters, including conduction velocity, amplitude and duration, were considered for each sensory nerve and measurements of conduction velocity, terminal motor latency and amplitude were made for each motor nerve. The resulting 25 sets of data were analysed using both linear and quadratic regression. The three sets of terminal motor latency data showed no age dependence while in six other instances there was a linear relationship with age (three of these being motor amplitude). The remaining 16 sets of data were statistically best represented by quadratic analysis. The shapes of the paraboli were remarkably similar, reaching a maximum (conduction velocity and amplitude) or minimum (duration) value in the fourth decade and thereafter declining or rising respectively at an accelerating rate. With only one exception, quadratic curves of the same parameter were shown to be parallel. Tables of normal data which make accurate adjustments for the aging effect can be constructed from this analysis for use in routine clinical investigation. PMID- 6530614 TI - Experimental induction of cranioschisis aperta and exencephaly after neural tube closure. A rat model. AB - Administration of single doses of cyclophosphamide to pregnant rats on days 12-14 of gestation (i.e. well after closure of the neural tube) resulted in cranioschisis and exencephaly in 100% of fetuses observed at term. In these fetuses the brain was covered by atrophic epidermis devoid of skin appendages and a highly vascular loose mesoderm without the osseous skull vault and the meninges. There were obvious hemorrhages in the brain tissue and in the ventricles. The thin walls of the distended ventricles showed breaks through which the ventricles communicated with the exterior and with the cavities in the brain. The choroid plexus had hypertrophied and denuded neuroepithelium could be found in the ventricles. Associated anomalies included edema, hemorrhage, exophthalmia, micrognathia, defects of the skull base, an increase in the basiocranio vertebral angle, reduction deformities of the limbs, etc. Chronological observations indicated a progressive distension of the ventricular system of the brain. A very high incidence of cranioschisis and exencephaly and the consistency of associated pathology validate the point that this is an excellent experimental model for investigating the pathogenetic mechanisms of these serious malformations. PMID- 6530615 TI - Uptake of horseradish peroxidase in denervated skeletal muscle occurs primarily at the endplate region. AB - The spatial distribution of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) uptake has been studied by light- and electron microscopy in the denervated hemidiaphragm of the mouse. Segments with high HRP uptake were observed in a band centrally located in the denervated muscle. This distribution is similar to the well-known innervation pattern of the diaphragm. Ultrastructural studies demonstrated a high incidence of postsynaptic folds in close proximity of fibre areas with high intracellular content of HRP. 8-12 days after denervation a large number of fibres showed segments of high HRP uptake. 2-4 days after denervation very few such segments were observed. Biochemical studies also demonstrated an increase in HRP uptake after denervation occurring primarily in the endplate region. The activities of the lysosomal enzymes N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase, acid phosphatase and cathepsin D all increased after denervation, most prominently in the endplate region. It is suggested that the observed segmental uptake of HRP and lysosomal activation reflects a process for rapid membrane turnover in denervated muscle. PMID- 6530616 TI - Quantitative analysis of quadriceps muscle biopsy. Results in 30 healthy females. AB - Open biopsy was performed in right quadriceps muscle (vastus lateralis) in 30 healthy female volunteers between 20 and 50 years of age. Histometric analysis was carried out on ATPase stained sections preincubated at pH 4.5. Type 1, 2a, 2b, and 2 fibres were quantified taking into account the following parameters: percentage of fibre types, mean diameter, atrophy and hypertrophy factor, variability coefficient of mean diameter and mean diameter ratio of type 1: type 2 fibres. Results showed that there is a large variation in fibre type percentage, mean diameter and hypertrophy factor, and consequently ranges of normal values are wider than those previously reported. Atrophy factor and variability coefficient are the least variable parameters. The importance of normal controls is stressed to avoid false positives in histometric evaluation of muscle biopsy with minimal changes. PMID- 6530617 TI - Age changes of motor innervation and acetylcholine receptor distribution on human skeletal muscle fibres. AB - Age changes of motor innervation and acetylcholine receptor (AChR) distribution on human intercostal muscle fibres (age 32-76 years) were investigated by using combined silver and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) staining method and [125I]alpha bungarotoxin autoradiography. In the older subjects, (1) the number of preterminal axons entering an endplate and the length of endplate increased, and (2) the endplate was composed of a greater number of smaller conglomerates of AChRs, as compared with the younger subjects. In addition, (3) perijunctional AChRs were observed in the older subjects, but not in the younger ones. Linear relationships were observed between each of these parameters and age. These results suggest that there are gradual changes in the pre- and postsynaptic components of human skeletal muscle endplate over adult life. PMID- 6530618 TI - Murine sarcoma virus-induced brain tumors. Concurrent measurements of blood flow and transcapillary transport. AB - Intracerebral inoculation of Murine Sarcoma Virus (MSV) into rats induces highly vascular brain tumors. Blood flow, F, and a unidirectional blood-to-tissue transfer constant, K, were measured concurrently in 16 separate brain tumors in 13 rats. Regional measurements of F and K were obtained using double-label quantitative autoradiography with 131I-iodoantipyrine, 14C-alpha aminoisobutyric acid, and computerized microdensitometry with image analysis. Regional tissue extraction fractions (E) were calculated for different brain and tumor regions. The following observations were made: intracerebral inoculation of MSV in rats of different ages produced a single histologic tumor type (angiosarcoma), although tumor yield decreased and latency increased when older rats were inoculated; whole tumor blood flow values averaged 63.9 +/- 20.9 (SD) ml hg-1 min-1, less than F of tumor-free gray matter; the mean value of the transfer constant was 1.19 +/- 0.84 ml hg-1 min-1, 5 times the value in contralateral tumor-free brain; moderate regional variation of F and K values were observed within each tumor, with increased K values extending into the regions of brain around tumor; mean extraction fractions (E) of AIB for whole tumor were low (range = 0.0021 to 0.08), with a distinct and decreasing gradient from tumor center to BAT; there was poor correlation between F, K and E values, and tumor histology, including regions that microscopically appeared highly vascular; in most regions of the MSV induced brain tumors, capillary permeability and/or surface area seem to be determinant in blood-to-tissue transport processes. PMID- 6530620 TI - Autoradiographic distribution study of 14C-amphetamine in pregnant mice and newborns. PMID- 6530621 TI - Ultrasound recognition of the cavum septi pellucidi and the cavum vergae in the newborn. PMID- 6530622 TI - In vitro properties and clinical use of 99mTc-3-bromo-2,4,6-trimethyl-IDA in sequential hepatobiliary scintigraphy. PMID- 6530619 TI - Penetration of teniposide (VM-26) into human intracerebral tumors. Preliminary observations on the effect of tumor type, rate of drug infusion and prior treatment with amphotericin B or oral glycerol. AB - Thirty-four consenting patients received VM-26 50-100 mg/m2 I.V. before surgical resection of intracerebral tumor, and drug was measured using a high pressure liquid chromatographic technique. Sufficient tumor for analysis was obtained from 29 patients. Brain metastases (13 patients) had higher concentrations of VM-26 than did gliomas (13 patients). Concentrations were comparable in brain metastases and meningiomas (3 patients). Prolonged (24 h) infusion of VM-26 did not appear to result in higher tumor drug concentrations in 5 patients than did rapid (1 h) infusion in 24 patients. Pretreatment with Amphotericin-B 10 mg/m2 12 h and 1 h before VM-26 did not appear to have any effect on VM-26 uptake into 4 intracerebral tumors, although data were limited, and VM-26 concentrations were very high in 1 metastasis. Pretreatment with oral glycerol 500 mg/kg 18 h, 12 h, 6 h, and immediately before I.V. VM-26 may have resulted in increased penetration of VM-26 into 9 tumors, although confirmation is required. Amphotericin-B, glycerol, and operative conditions did not appear to alter VM-26 plasma pharmacokinetics. PMID- 6530623 TI - Thromboxane-B2 generation during ex-vivo platelet aggregation. PMID- 6530624 TI - Radioimmunoassay of motilin in human plasma: interdigestive levels in normal subjects and in patients with hypergastrinemic chronic atrophic gastritis. PMID- 6530625 TI - In vivo measurements of right atrial and pulmonary artery haematic temperature variations and their relationship with the relative pressure and respiration changes. PMID- 6530627 TI - Evaluation of regional lung function by radioisotopic techniques in the follow-up of chronic bronchitis. Report of a case. PMID- 6530626 TI - Uptake of 75Se-selenomethylcholesterol by a nonfunctioning adrenocortical adenoma. PMID- 6530628 TI - [Aging effect on articulation score for distorted speech test]. PMID- 6530629 TI - [Latissimus dorsi myocutaneous-iliac bone flap for massive defects of the mandible and oral floor]. PMID- 6530630 TI - [Aging effect in nasal resistance]. PMID- 6530632 TI - [Partitioning and concentration of egg lysozyme between the serum and paranasal tissue after administration of egg lysozyme]. PMID- 6530631 TI - [Long-term follow-up of Cogan's syndrome. Vestibuloauditory symptoms and steroid therapy]. PMID- 6530633 TI - [Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-CT in otorhinolaryngology]. PMID- 6530634 TI - [An acoustic microscope designed for observing the vocal fold tissue]. PMID- 6530635 TI - [Effect of plasticizers on the glass transition temperature of gastroresistant enterosoluble polymers]. PMID- 6530636 TI - [Role of microemulsions in the percutaneous absorption of alpha-tocopherol]. PMID- 6530637 TI - Laminar flux apparatus for dissolution studies of solid pharmaceutical formulations: a proposal. PMID- 6530638 TI - The influence of the swelling characteristics of disintegrants on the availability of a hydrophobic drug from hard gelatin capsules. PMID- 6530639 TI - [Operating conditions for the separation of glucuro-conjugated estrogens by HPLC]. PMID- 6530640 TI - [Toxicity of sneezing powders. I. Study of prohibited constituents in sneezing powders]. PMID- 6530641 TI - [Toxicity of sneezing powders. II. Experience of the Belgian Poison Control Center]. PMID- 6530642 TI - [Preparation of eyedrops containing iodides]. PMID- 6530643 TI - [Determination of the germicidal activity of disinfectants and antiseptics by quantitative suspension tests]. PMID- 6530644 TI - [Value of in vitro plant cell and tissue cultures and their pharmaceutical applications]. PMID- 6530645 TI - Comparison of the first-pass metabolism of ethenzamide and salicylamide in rats. AB - The first-pass metabolism of ethenzamide (ETB), which is considered to be a pro drug of salicylamide (SAM), was studied in rats in order to compare with that of SAM. The extent of first-pass metabolism after oral ETB estimated by oral and intravenous administration was as much as 82% and remaining 18% ETB entered into systemic circulation. Further, it has been confirmed that the first-pass metabolism of ETB is not due to the intestine but entirely due to the liver in which de-ethylation to SAM occurred at first, followed by exclusive conjugation with sulfuric acid and little SAM enters into systemic circulation. On the other hand, it was previously demonstrated in rats that per se administered SAM is subjected to first-pass metabolism both in the gut and liver as much as about 60% and the remaining 40% entered the systemic circulation. Thus, the behavior of SAM is considerably different depending upon whether it is per se administered or formed from ETB through metabolism. The fact that little SAM appears in the systemic circulation after oral administration of ETB suggests that the pharmacological activity of ETB comes from its own attributes but not from SAM. PMID- 6530646 TI - Pharmacokinetic study of the enterohepatic circulation of acetaminophen glucuronide in rats. AB - A pharmacokinetic model of the enterohepatic circulation of acetaminophen glucuronide was investigated in rats with particular attention to a lag time between biliary excretion and reabsorption. The plasma drug data obtained after acetaminophen glucuronide injection into the various sites of the gut confirmed that there is a lag time in the enterohepatic circulation and that the lag time is due to the intestinal transit period of the conjugate to the site of the hydrolysis. The value of the lag time was fairly close to that reported previously in the rat. Based on the result, a compartment model with periodic trigonometric function for the enterohepatic circulation was built up and the urinary excretion data were fitted to this model. Same parameters which are considered to be common to other glucuronide conjugates were in good agreement with those reported previously, indicating that the model and those values are useful to study the enterohepatic circulation for glucuronides of other compounds in the rat. PMID- 6530647 TI - Transport of papaverine in rat kidney cortical slices. AB - Previous results (J. Pharm. Dyn., 7, 342, 1984) from this laboratory indicated that papaverine, a classical phosphodiesterase inhibitor, inhibited the transport of organic anions such as p-aminohippurate (PAH) and urate in rat kidney cortical slices. The transport of papaverine itself, an organic cationic drug, in the kidney is not yet understood. The purpose of this study was to examine the interaction of papaverine with incubated slices and basolateral membrane vesicles prepared from rat kidney cortex, in terms of the possibility of the intracellular action of papaverine in kidney cells. Papaverine was taken up against a concentration gradient by kidney cortical slices and by liver slices. The uptake of papaverine by the former slices was depressed by hypothermia and anoxia with metabolic inhibitors, but that of the drug by the latter slices was not affected by hypothermic condition. Tetraethylammonium (TEA) as a prototype for organic cationic drugs did not depress papaverine transport. TEA also had no effect on the inhibitory effect of papaverine on PAH accumulation in kidney cortical slices. Papaverine, however, inhibited TEA accumulation prominently. Kinetic studies using the slices indicated that papaverine increased the Km for TEA accumulation and decreased Vmax. Then, papaverine inhibition was a "mixed type". TEA uptake by basolateral membrane vesicles was markedly inhibited by papaverine, but PAH uptake by the vesicles was not affected by the drug. The present results indicate that papaverine may be at least partly transported by the same system which handles TEA, but some aspect of the transport system for papaverine may be qualitatively different from that for TEA. Additional studies are required, however, to unequivocally establish the relationships between papaverine and TEA renal transport mechanisms. PMID- 6530648 TI - Mitogenic activity and in vitro fertilization inhibitory activity of Genypterus blacodes lectin. AB - A lectin which we purified from the mucous of Ophidiidae Genypterus blacodes showed a potent mitogenic activity which was comparable to that of concanavalin A (con A). On the other hand, the lectin treated with 2-mercaptoethanol showed an anti-mitogenic activity against con A and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Lymphocytes were separated into a T cell rich fraction and B cell rich fraction by soybean agglutinin. The mitogenic activity of G. blacodes lectin was examined using these cells. It was suggested that the mitogenic activity of G. blacodes lectin was based on the stimulation of T cells. The lectin was also subjected to both the sperm agglutination and the in vitro fertilization tests in mouse. It was demonstrated that: a) the lectin receptors were ubiquitous on sperm; b) in vitro fertilization of mouse ova was completely blocked by the binding of the lectin to the zona pellucida of the ova. PMID- 6530649 TI - Renal microsomal N-nitrosodimethylamine demethylase determined by a sensitive radiometric method. AB - Renal microsomal N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) N-demethylation was measured in several species by a sensitive radiometric method using [14C]NDMA as a substrate and 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH) as a trapping agent of the [14C]formaldehyde formed. The activities were the highest in mice and lowest in hamsters. The activities in rats could not be detected. Among several strains of mice studied the DDY strain was the highest in its activities. Although nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide supported NDMA demethylation by about 32% of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate in kidney and only 16% in liver, other properties (pH profiles, km values, and effects of inhibitors) exhibited almost similar results in liver as compared to kidney. PMID- 6530650 TI - [Studies on the chemical constituents of rutaceous plants. LIX. The chemical constituents of Xanthoxylum nitidum (Roxb.) D.C. (Fagara nitida Roxb.) (1) Examination of the alkaloidal fraction of the bark]. PMID- 6530651 TI - [Studies on active substances of the herbs used for oketsu, blood coagulation, in Chinese medicine. I. On anticoagulant activities of the herbs used for oketsu]. PMID- 6530652 TI - [Determination of taurine in whole blood and plasma by gas liquid chromatography]. PMID- 6530653 TI - [Antitumor activity of 7-(hydroxyamino)-5,8-quinolinedione]. PMID- 6530654 TI - [Protective effects of cyclodextrin on the local irritation induced by aqueous preparations of flurbiprofen]. PMID- 6530655 TI - [Mode of relaxant action of bile salts on isolated guinea-pig gallbladder]. PMID- 6530656 TI - [A novel method of measurement of gastric acid secretion in intact and conscious rats]. PMID- 6530657 TI - [Central effects of cinnamaldehyde]. PMID- 6530658 TI - [Simultaneous detection methods for abused diuretics in urine and a quantitative determination method for trichlormethiazide in urine]. PMID- 6530659 TI - [Antibacterial activities of amidinohydrazones. VII. Quantitative relationship between structure and antibacterial activities for amidinohydrazones]. PMID- 6530660 TI - [Studies on moisture protection for powder preparations: effect of heating plate temperature in automatic packaging process on moisture permeation]. PMID- 6530661 TI - [Disposition of azosemide. I. Distribution, metabolism and excretion following intravenous administration to rats]. PMID- 6530662 TI - [Decomposition and stabilization of drugs. XX. Photodecomposition and stabilization of dipyridamol]. PMID- 6530663 TI - [Studies on the experimental chemotherapy for dermatomycosis and candidiasis. IX. On the antifungal activity of various maleimide and succinimide compounds]. PMID- 6530664 TI - [Effect of adenosine triphosphate on the proliferation of cultured tumor cells]. PMID- 6530665 TI - Neurotoxins. 8th Gif lecture in neurobiology. Gif-sur-Yvette, November 24-25th, 1983. PMID- 6530666 TI - Tetanus toxin as a tool for studying epilepsy. AB - The use of tetanus toxin, injected into the hippocampus of the rat, to produce an "animal model" of chronic limbic epilepsy is described. This model has yielded information complementary to that derived from other animal models and has several important advantages: while it involves spontaneous seizures, it occurs without gross damage to the brain ; it is eventually reversible in terms of fits and the overall reappearance of the EEG. It can therefore be used to look both at the effects of ongoing epilepsy and also at the long-term changes in brain function induced by previous epilepsy. Evidence is presented that the toxin probably remains localised at the site of injection. The information which has so far been obtained with this model on the relation between epilepsy and abnormal behaviour is summarised. In particular, it appears that the epilepsy produces long-term deficits in the animals' ability to learn and remember of a sort which suggest that an enduring malfunction has been induced in the hippocampus. The significance of the findings for clinical research and for future investigation of the nature of epilepsy are described. It is emphasised that the neurotoxins may be usefully exploited not only for investigating the molecular basis of neuronal mechanisms but also for inducing long-lasting plastic changes in integrated brain function. PMID- 6530667 TI - Fasciculins, anticholinesterase toxins from the venom of the green mamba Dendroaspis angusticeps. AB - Two toxins that are potent inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase have been isolated from the venom of the green mamba, Dendroaspis angusticeps. The toxins have been called fasciculins since after injection into mice (i.p. 0.5-3 micrograms/g body weight) they cause severe, generalized and long-lasting (5-7 h) fasciculations. Homogenates of diaphragm, tibialis anterior and gastrocnemius muscles from mice injected with fasciculins showed a decrease in acetylcholinesterase activity by 45-60% compared to muscles from control animals. Histochemical staining revealed a greatly reduced acetylcholinesterase activity at neuromuscular junctions. Fasciculins have 61 amino acid residues and four disulfides. The molecular weights are 6765 (fasciculin 1) and 6735 (fasciculin 2). The sequences of the two toxins differ probably only at one position by a replacement of Tyr with Asp/Asn. 1 g of venom contained about 40 mg of fasciculins, 2/3 of which was fasciculin 2. A similar inhibitor has also been isolated from D. polylepis (black mamba) venom. The sequence of fasciculin 2 is known. Most of the positive charges are concentrated in a small section of the central part of the molecule, and most of the negative charges are in the C-terminal region. Fasciculins appear to have a pronounced dipole character. Fasciculin binds to the peripheral anionic site, since it can displace propidium, a probe for that site, from acetylcholinesterase. In vitro, in Krebs-Henseleit solution containing 2 mM NaH2PO4 (pH 7.4), fasciculin 2 inhibits acetylcholinesterase from human erythrocytes (Ki = 1.1 X 10(-10) M, 37 degrees C), rat muscle (Ki = 1.2 X 10(-10) M, 37 degrees C) and Electrophorus electricus (Ki = 3.0 X 10(-10) M, 22 degrees C).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6530668 TI - News about the neuronal membrane protein which binds the presynaptic neurotoxin beta-bungarotoxin. AB - beta-Bungarotoxin (beta-Btx) is cytotoxic for GABA-ergic and cholinergic neurons in chick retina explant cultures. Binding experiments with 125I-beta-Btx identified a high affinity binding site in membranes of chick brain. This binding is specific and its pharmacology indicates that it mediates the above-mentioned cytotoxicity. Photoaffinity crosslinking of 125I-beta-Btx to chick brain membranes showed that the beta-Btx binding protein contains a polypeptide of MW 95 000. The beta-Btx binding protein was solubilized with Triton X-100 and some of its biochemical and physical properties were characterized. PMID- 6530669 TI - Binding of a Glycera convoluta neurotoxin to cholinergic nerve terminals triggers a Ca-dependent acetylcholine release. AB - The venom glands of the annelid Glycera convoluta contain a neurotoxin which triggers ACh release from frog motor terminals and Torpedo synaptosomes. This neurotoxin binds to presynaptic, but not postsynaptic plasma membranes prepared from Torpedo electric organ. The binding site is an ectocellularly oriented protein. The binding does not require Ca. It is inhibited by pretreatment of the membrane by Concanavalin A. The toxin induced ACh release is Ca-dependent and inhibited by D 600. PMID- 6530670 TI - Investigations on the mechanism of action of crotoxin. AB - Crotoxin, the major toxic protein of Crotalus durissus terrificus, is composed of a basic phospholipase, component-B, and of an acidic subunit, component-A. The crotoxin complex is insensitive to an active site directed reagent, p bromophenacyl bromide, while its isolated enzymatic component-B is rapidly and irreversibly inactivated. We observed that crotoxin possesses an intrinsic phospholipase A2 activity on monodispersed substrates, indicating that the active site of component-B is not masked by component-A in the complex. The inactivation of component-B by p-bromophenacyl bromide follows pseudo-first order kinetics, with a rate constant proportional to the concentration of phospholipase, as expected for a reaction of second order with respect to the protein. On the basis of a detailed kinetic analysis of this reaction, and of physico-chemical studies of component-B in various experimental conditions, we propose that (1) an equilibrium exists between reactive dimers of component-B and preponderant but non-reactive monomer; (2) component-A protects component-B against inactivation by p-bromophenacyl bromide by preventing the formation of reactive dimers. When comparing the reactivity of component-B with that of other phospholipases, we observed that the enzymes which have not been shown to produce dimers all react with p-bromophenacyl bromide with similar low rates of reaction, while phospholipases which have been reported to form dimers react much more rapidly. PMID- 6530671 TI - The road ahead. PMID- 6530672 TI - Wheelchair caster shimmy and turning resistance. AB - The equations for wheelchair caster wheel shimmy are presented along with experimental data. The report includes the theory and performance of single wheel casters for a variety of tires, and a new design for wheelchair casters using a grooved dual-tread tire or co-rotating caster wheels. The dual-tread tire was found to significantly inhibit caster shimmy. The turning resistance due to a grooved caster wheel tire with a 1/2-inch groove was found to be 10 percent greater than for an ungrooved caster wheel tire. The analysis includes the methodology and the results of experiments developed to measure the sliding friction turning moment of the wheelchair caster wheel. A number of commercial wheelchair caster wheels were tested and the results for shimmy are presented. PMID- 6530674 TI - A myofeedback instrument for clinical use. AB - As a result of a collaborative effort by engineers, physical therapists, and patients, a myofeedback device called Myochirp was designed and constructed. This device was field-tested in six busy medical centers to determine its acceptance and usefulness to clinicians in the daily activities of their environments. As a result of this field evaluation, a second-generation device was constructed incorporating the suggested improvements. The second-generation Myochirp was accepted by physical therapists as a compact, portable, and lightweight device that was convenient and easy to use. The salient feature of the device which rendered it so useful in clinical environments was the dry electrode used to detect the electromyographic signals. Its usefulness as a myofeedback instrument was determined by the variety of its applications to treatment needs and by its ability to obtain immediate and quantifiable data that could be documented. PMID- 6530673 TI - The influence of environmental aging upon the loadbearing properties of polyurethane foams. AB - The effects of environmental exposure upon the loadbearing properties of nine polyurethane foams commonly used for wheelchair cushion construction were studied. Test pieces with and without a stretch cloth cover were aged in the open air at Houston over the period April 26 to October 31, 1982. The indentation resistance of each piece was measured initially and at frequent intervals during the exposure period. Resistance changes between covered and uncovered specimens were not found to be significant. All foams displayed a sharp rise in indentation resistance within the first 2 weeks of aging followed by a gradual decrease to an average 68 percent of the initial value over a 6-month period. These hardness changes were found to be strongly correlated with the density, thickness, and initial indentation resistance of the test pieces. Foams of maximum density and minimum practicable indentation resistance are recommended for wheelchair cushion construction to minimize the adverse effects of environmental aging upon the support properties of these devices. PMID- 6530675 TI - Measurement of weightbearing during standing. PMID- 6530676 TI - Qualitative and quantitative gait phase analysis by continuous monitoring of inter-ankle distance. AB - A new device is presented that is able to provide a temporal recording of gait as well as a continuous qualitative monitoring of gait events. It can be used with motor-point electromyography to perform walking electromyography, with an electrogoniometer to record joint position, or with other measuring devices to record events relative to phase of gait. The major advantages of this system as compared with available systems are ease of use, decreased patient encumbrance, potential for portability, greatly reduced expense, and the potential for digitizing the signal for computer compatibility. Preliminary data are comparable to available accepted norms. PMID- 6530677 TI - Inkbraille as a potential new reading system for the blind. AB - Inkbraille, a reduced size ink-image version of the familiar braille code, was conceived in an attempt to sidestep the major disadvantages of embossed braille, while retaining the unsurpassed reading rates achieved by the blind using that code. Inkbraille would ultimately be translated by a specially designed hand-held electronic device with appropriate tactile output. Such a device is not yet available, so in this study we test the readability of Inkbraille when read by means of a commercially available electronic reading aid, the Optacon, which presents its output tactually on a field of vibrating pins which are sensed with a finger. Three modes of tactual reading were compared: conventional embossed braille, and the Opticon's vibrating-pinfield presentation of typed letters and its presentation of Inkbraille. All subjects were able to read Inkbraille upon initial exposure. Subjects who were tested in multiple sessions exhibited significant increases in Inkbraille reading rates after only limited exposure. Since Inkbraille and letterprint reading rates were the same in this study, the results led the authors to conclude that a rate limitation may have been imposed by the device (the Optacon) that was used to translate both the Inkbraille and the letterprint. PMID- 6530678 TI - Compressive behavior after simulated service conditions of some foamed materials intended as orthotic shoe insoles. AB - The compressive characteristics of a group of foamed plastics and rubbers, suitable for use as orthotic shoe insoles, were assessed for any changes incurred as a result of exposure to a series of simulated service conditions. The service conditions considered in this study were heat (accelerated aging), sustained deflection (compression set), and cyclic loading. Since the stress/strain characteristics computed from the load/deformation curves were non-linear, it was necessary to develop a new procedure for comparing the relative compressive characteristics. The results from this study identified a group of preferred materials whose virgin compressive characteristics have been judged to be the most suitable, and which exhibited the least change following exposure to the three simulated service conditions. PMID- 6530679 TI - Psychological aspects of components of pain. AB - The present study investigated the inhibitory effects of acupuncture on the separate sensory and emotional components of pain and their relation to each other. Electro-acupuncture as practiced in China was applied to the same nerve used for initiating pain, and the responses of 9 adult volunteers (5 males, 4 females) were assessed. The results indicate that (a) pain involves at least two related but different components (the sensory component and the emotional component) and (b) electro-acupuncture has a stronger inhibitory effect on the emotional component of pain. The findings provide a new outlook for the improvement of the clinical effects of acupuncture and for further study of the pain mechanism. PMID- 6530680 TI - Mental health concepts of evangelical Protestants. AB - There has been an upsurge of interest in the problems encountered when attempting counseling and psychotherapy across cultural and ethnic barriers. Differences between therapist and client in nationality, race, and socioeconomic background have been widely discussed. Protestant evangelicals have not received much attention in this literature, yet this group has a world view not likely to be shared by the majority of mental health professionals. To fill this gap, 152 members of liberal and traditional (evangelical, fundamentalist) Protestant churches were investigated. Measures of religious orthodoxy and of modernity served as independent variables. Dependent variables were attitudes toward seeking mental health services, opinions about mental illness, and tendencies to view mental health problems as spiritual. The results indicate that evangelicals are prepared to use professional help, although they are concerned about the beliefs and values of the mental health practitioner and express fears that secular therapists might try to alter their beliefs and values: They prefer to go to religious advisers. They also appear to have certain characteristic ideas about mental illness that need to be addressed in any attempt to counsel such clients. PMID- 6530681 TI - The effect of presenting novel and familiar word pairs on the stimulus-seeking behavior of schizophrenics and normals. AB - In a test of McReynolds' theories relating anxiety and stimulus novelty to stimulus seeking, schizophrenics and normals were exposed to either novel or familiar word pairs and tested for stimulus seeking on the Howard Maze Test before and after the experimental treatment. Schizophrenics showed less stimulus seeking than normals did, a result supporting McReynolds' theory of anxiety. Imposed stimulus novelty increased stimulus seeking in normals and decreased stimulus seeking in schizophrenics, a result requiring explanation beyond the homeostatic relationship between imposed stimulus novelty and stimulus seeking postulated by McReynolds. PMID- 6530682 TI - Schizophrenics' and college students' preference for and judgment of schizophrenic versus normal humorous captions. AB - The present study investigated schizophrenics' and college students' preference for and judgment of humor samples written by schizophrenics and normals. Twenty male hospitalized schizophrenics and 20 male undergraduate college students ranked from most to least funny two sets of captions that had been previously written by an independent group of 10 college students and 10 schizophrenics. In addition, all subjects identified which captions they thought were written by college students and which by schizophrenics. The schizophrenic judges ranked the schizophrenic captions significantly more humorous than the student judges did. Student judges found the student captions significantly more humorous than the schizophrenic judges found them. When presented with both schizophrenic and student captions, however, all 40 subjects found the student captions significantly more humorous than the schizophrenic captions. Schizophrenic judges were not significantly better than student judges in the identification of schizophrenic captions. Student judges, however, were significantly better judges of "normal" humor than schizophrenic judges were. PMID- 6530683 TI - Lateral asymmetry in finger localization for right-handed, kindergarten girls. AB - Laterality in finger localization (FL) was examined in 49 right-handed, kindergarten girls also administered tasks assessing verbal-receptive ability and manual dexterity. A right-hand advantage was evident overall and varied by FL task. The magnitude of asymmetry in FL was not unequivocally related to task requirement for verbal processing and was otherwise independent of children's verbal-receptive ability and motor laterality. The results were discussed in terms of cortical maturation and emergent cognitive-verbal processes as factors to be considered in the interpretation of asymmetry in FL. PMID- 6530684 TI - CT of the pediatric chest. AB - The use of CT in the pediatric age group has been steadily increasing since the introduction of the newer generations of scanners with improved resolution and faster scan times. Though the clinical impact of CT of the chest has been less dramatic than that of the head and abdomen, the role of CT is rapidly evolving. CT of the chest has proven to be of great value in the evaluation of the mediastinum and in the detection of metastatic disease. The role of CT of the chest is expanding and further applications are to be expected. PMID- 6530685 TI - [X-ray computed tomography in the study of anterior instability of the shoulder. Study of a series of 23 cases]. AB - The place of standard CT scan imaging more particularly when combined with double contrast arthrography, is defined in the preoperative screening of patients with anterior instability of the shoulder. The joint scan provides complete data on the anatomic elements of the shoulder lesion, particularly with reference to the glenoidal labrum and the anterior capsular structure. It is also of major diagnostic value in painful subluxations. PMID- 6530686 TI - [Radiologic detection of congenital hip dislocation at the 4th month]. AB - For the systematic detection of the congenital dislocation of the hip the roentgen examination must be performed at the beginning of the fourth month. At birth, only are X rayed the dislocations clinically detected in order to have a picture for the follow-up and to check the beneficial effect of the treatment by an abduction device. At the fourth month, for radiological detection, an ordinary frontal film of the pelvis is performed with a strict technique. The criteria of a well performed radiograph are given. For the diagnosis of dislocation the roentgen signs are quite precise. Among them, the high-value of the acetabular angles is not longer considered as a good criterion for detection at this age. It has been shown that radiological mass screening is beneficial from the socio economic and radiation risk point of view. Nevertheless such a mass screening, in our opinion, is not advisable. Radiological screening must be restricted to infants at risk (infant born after breech presentation, infant with pes talus, genu recurvatum, torticollis, infant with other cases in the family, first born in a family, mainly if of important birthweight). PMID- 6530687 TI - [Radiologic and hemodynamic studies of sexual impotence of vascular origin]. AB - Vascular pathology is responsible for about 25% of male impotence, the arterial investigation is now classical. In our experience a great number of patients showed a normal arterial condition, requiring further venous exploration. Cavernographies and pressure flow dynamics were used to evaluate 45 patients. The cavernograms allowed visualization of structural abnormalities within the cavernous tissues and their venous drainage. The heparinized and diluted contrast medium is infused at 80 to 120 ml/minute until the appearance of an erection, in normal condition the intracavernous pressure rise at greater than or equal to 80 mmHg as long as the erection last. The venous leak is characterized by the absence of erection, no increase of the intra-cavernous pressure and a rapid opacification of venous plexus under a normal perfusion flow. PMID- 6530688 TI - [X-ray computed tomography of cancers of the uterine body (stages I and II). Anatomopathologic correlations. Apropos of 25 cases]. AB - Twenty-five patients with endometrial cancer of body of uterus were examined by CT before and after intravenous administration of contrast medium. Hypodensity was noted before injection and was accentuated after injection in 4 cases, was observed after injection only in 9 and was totally absent in 12 cases. Comparison of findings with results of examination of frozen specimens indicated lack of correlation between size of tumor and depth to which myometrium was invaded, and results of CT imaging. PMID- 6530689 TI - [Polarity of the radiological image. Practical applications]. AB - The author considers the polarity "above-below" of a radiological image and makes three remarks: The image perception is better memorized when the axis of "gravity" and of "flow" and identical. When both axis, of gravity and flow, are opposite, it is very difficult to find the best didactic method of teaching the image. Experienced radiologists use since a long time a method of "depolarisation of the image". To improve the elementary perception of ribs, they turn (90 degrees, 180 degrees, 270 degrees) the image of a costal grid. PMID- 6530690 TI - [Demystification of magnetic resonance]. PMID- 6530691 TI - [Magnetic resonance imaging in the exploration of hepatic masses]. AB - Exploration was conducted by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at 0.15 T in 33 patients with hepatic masses, including 18 with malignant tumors, 11 with benign tumors and 4 with non-tumoral masses. All tumors appeared hyperintensive in relation to liver on images acquired by long TR spin echos (SE) and all, except for one fatty tumor, appeared hypointense in relation to liver on images acquired in inversion-recuperation (IR). The study seemed to provide data demonstrating that MRI at 0.15 T enables visualization of hepatic masses with a degree of precision that approaches that of other imaging methods. Tumors of the small size of the order of a centimetre can be detected. Tumor outlines and vascular relations are clearly demonstrated without use of contrast. Characterization of masses is still insufficient since the simple play of contrasts between tumor, parenchyma and vessels does not allow differentiation of malignant from benign tumors, nor the identification of a given histologic type. PMID- 6530692 TI - [Contrast agents in magnetic resonance imaging]. AB - Changing different parameters involved in imaging procedures, paramagnetic substances provide contrast enhancement in MRI. Contrast agents presently studied in animals and clinical trials, are either salts or complexes of mineral ions either nitroxide stable free radicals. Their development should extend the possibilities of tissular characterization and functional or metabolic evaluation of the MRI. PMID- 6530694 TI - [Nodular lymphoid hyperplasia. Diffuse form extending from the duodenal bulb to the rectum, associated with agammaglobulinemia]. AB - The authors study a case of nodular lymphoid hyperplasia, extending from the duodenal bulb to the rectum, associated to an agammaglobulinemia; they observe the variations of the roentgenology appearance and the distribution of the elementary pictures; they discuss the meaning of the disease, the association or the evolution to a lymphoid carcinoma. PMID- 6530693 TI - [Esophageal duplication in adults and x-ray computed tomography]. AB - One case of esophageal duplication cyst in adult. Hydric hypodensity of the posterior mediastinum from the apex to the dome of the diaphragm without connection with descending aorta. PMID- 6530695 TI - Depressed mononuclear cell phagocytic activity associated with menstruation. AB - The peak of the normal distribution curve for pelvic inflammatory disease occurs near the onset of menses. This study was undertaken to determine if there were changes in the cell-mediated immunity of normal menstruating women which could explain the increase in inflammatory disease. The cellular immune response of 8 normal women, measured by number of T- and B-cells and response of mononuclear cells to stimulation with mitogen, was not dependent on the menstrual cycle. However, there was a significant decrease in phagocytic activity of mononuclear cells early in the cycle. The depressed phagocytic activity was not altered by treating the subjects with ibuprofen. PMID- 6530696 TI - Circulating immune complexes in sera of patients with oral cancer. AB - Circulating immune complexes (IC) in the sera of patients with oral cancer have been measured by using polyethylene glycol (PEG) precipitation assay. At least 60% of patients with carcinomatous buccal mucosa were found to have markedly higher amounts of IC. Results have been discussed in view of other types of cancer and the various methods used for the assay of IC. PMID- 6530697 TI - Effect of LPS on the oxidative metabolism of peritoneal and spleen cells from LPS sensitive and resistant mice. AB - The influence of LPS on peritoneal and spleen cell oxidative metabolism was investigated in LPS sensitive (C57BL/6) and LPS resistant (C3H/HeJ) mice following intraperitoneal or subcutaneous injection, by measurement of chemiluminescent (CL) responses to latex particles. In C57BL/6 mice, LPS induced a marked increase in peritoneal and spleen cell CL responses, regardless of the route of injection. On the 2nd day, the effect of LPS on peritoneal cells could be fully explained by an inflammatory reaction, while on the 4th day it could be related to an "activated state" of peritoneal macrophages. In contrast, such an in vivo effect of LPS in peritoneal or spleen cell CL responses was not found in C3H/HeJ mice except on the 2nd day following the injection and with the highest LPS dosage and could be totally due to the LPS induced inflammatory reaction. In vitro studies showed that extremely low concentration of LPS increased CL response capacities of C57BL/6 spleen cell to latex particles. In contrast, CL responses from C3H/HeJ spleen cells remained unaffected by LPS except when submitted to concentrations which proved toxic for the sensitive strain CL producing cells. These results lend additional evidence for the involvement of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the metabolic consequences of LPS-induced macrophage activation. PMID- 6530698 TI - Potential-dependent phase partitioning of fluorescent hydrophobic ions in phospholipid vesicles. AB - Fluorescent, dansyl derivatives of triphenylalkylphosphonium ions have been synthesized and exhibit fluorescence intensities in small sonicated phospholipid vesicles that are dependent upon transmembrane potentials. The voltage-dependent fluorescence changes are a result of changes in quantum yield that accompany a voltage-dependent phase partitioning of the probe. This phase partitioning is easily quantitated by calibrating the intensities of totally membrane-associated and aqueous probe. The voltage-dependence is well accounted for by a simple thermodynamic model and allows an estimation of potentials from fluorescence intensities in small vesicle systems. PMID- 6530699 TI - Benefit of hemoperfusion in acute theophylline intoxication. AB - Charcoal and resin hemoperfusion or hemodialysis can accelerate theophylline elimination. Their benefit in the treatment of poisoned patients has been accepted on the basis of case reports. We reviewed the treatment of 26 patients with acute theophylline intoxication to determine how much of an effect hemoperfusion or hemodialysis had on the hospital course and outcome of the overdose. Eighteen patients received supportive care and eight patients hemoperfusion (HP) or hemodialysis (HD). The HP/HD patients had more severe theophylline intoxication on the basis of admission and peak theophylline levels, degree of hypotension and occurrence of arrhythmias. During HP/HD, theophylline concentrations decreased, heart rate slowed, blood pressure increased and evidence of central nervous system effects diminished. Despite the severe intoxication in the HP/HD groups, duration of clinical toxicity was shorter (13.5 +/- 7.1 vs. 21.6 +/- 14.1 hr) than in the control group. Seizures occurred in patients in both groups, but there was higher mortality or neurological morbidity in the supportive care (3/4) than in the HP/HD (1/5) group. Our study provides evidence that HP/HD can reduce the duration of clinical intoxication and probably reduces mortality and morbidity in patients with severe theophylline intoxication. PMID- 6530700 TI - Does ethanol modify antidotal efficacy of oral activated charcoal studies in vitro and in experimental animals. AB - The effect of ethanol on the adsorption of strychnine to activated charcoal was studied in vitro at pH 1.2 and 7.0. At high charcoal-drug ratios the adsorption of strychnine was significantly (p less than 0.001) more complete at neutral pH than at pH 1.2. At these ratios ethanol 10% increased (p less than 0.001) the unadsorbed fractions at both pHs. The acute toxicity of oral strychnine in mice was not influenced by ethanol. Activated charcoal (1000 mg/kg) mixed with strychnine prior to the administration increased its LD50 by 410 fold. When ethanol was administered with charcoal and strychnine, the increase in the LD50 was only 220 fold which is significantly (p less than 0.05) less than without ethanol. Accordingly, the concomitant ingestion of ethanol in drug intoxications may slightly impair the antidotal efficacy of oral activated charcoal. Despite this potential reduction of the antidotal efficacy of charcoal in some extreme situations, there should be no hesitation in administering activated charcoal in acute intoxications since it in any case very effectively inhibits the absorption of most drugs. PMID- 6530701 TI - Blood concentrations and clinical findings following overdose of chlordiazepoxide alone and chlordiazepoxide plus ethanol. AB - Blood concentrations and clinical findings in 25 cases of overdose involving chlordiazepoxide (CDZ) alone ("pure") were compared with those in 23 cases of overdose involving ethanol in addition to CDZ ("mixed"). Both groups consisted predominantly of men who were chronic alcoholics. The mean blood CDZ concentrations did not show statistically significant difference between the two groups ("pure," 5 mg/L; "mixed," 6 mg/L). Following "pure" ingestion, patients were usually alert, and the level of consciousness showed no statistically significant correlation with the blood CDZ concentration. In contrast, after "mixed" ingestion patients were usually lethargic, and the level of consciousness correlated significantly with the blood CDZ concentration (P less than 0.05) but not with the blood ethanol concentration. In neither group was coma noted. For both groups the most common physical findings were tachycardia and dysarthria. Nystagmus was much more common following "mixed" ingestion while seizures, hyperreflexia, and hypertension were more frequent after CDZ overdose alone. Most patients were seen only in the emergency room and were discharged. The implications of these findings are discussed. PMID- 6530702 TI - Effect of bicarbonate, phosphate, and saline lavage solutions on the dissolution of ferrous sulfate tablets. AB - The liberation of iron from ferrous sulfate tablets was studied in vitro to determine the influence of typical lavage solutions used to treat iron poisoning. In separate experiments, one or six tablets were immersed in simulated gastric fluid that contained bicarbonate, phosphate, or normal saline. The amounts of iron liberated from the single tablet studies were not significantly different among the three lavage solutions. In the 6-tablet experiments, the liberation of iron was significantly (p less than 0.05) retarded by bicarbonate and phosphate lavage solutions compared to saline. The clinical significance of these findings is difficult to assess without correlation in vivo. Studies comparing the lavage solutions for iron poisoning should consider the wide intertablet variability in dissolution, the retardation of iron liberation from multiple tablets by bicarbonate and phosphate, and the use of iron tablets instead of iron solutions. PMID- 6530703 TI - Two cases of death involving dicyclomine in infants. Measurement of therapeutic and toxic concentrations in blood. AB - In two deaths of infants investigated by the Medical Examiner, high levels of dicyclomine were detected in blood. In one of the cases, a level of 0.505 micrograms/ml was found, nearly 10 times reported adult therapeutic blood concentrations, and death was ascribed to an overdose of dicyclomine. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry was used for the analysis of biological specimens. PMID- 6530704 TI - Comprehensive toxicology screening: the frequency of finding other drugs in addition to ethanol. AB - The efficacy of performing a comprehensive toxicology screen whenever ethanol is found was evaluated in 289 consecutive emergency-room cases. Males predominated in both the "pure" (ethanol only) and the "mixed" (ethanol plus other drugs) groups. The mean ethanol concentration was significantly higher for pure cases than for mixed cases (P less than 0.01). For half of the 289 cases comprehensive screening demonstrated at least one to four other drugs per case in addition to ethanol. Barbiturates, narcotic analgesics, and stimulants in that order were the most frequently found classes of drugs. The age range 21 to 40 years accounted for most of the mixed ingestions, and ethanol concentrations less than 0.20% were more commonly associated with other drugs than were those above 0.20%. Whenever ethanol is found, comprehensive toxicology screening may yield important additional information. PMID- 6530705 TI - Maternal coffee drinking and unusually high concentrations of caffeine in the newborn. AB - The authors report a case of a premature infant with unusually high concentrations of transplacentally acquired caffeine. The mother drank 24 cups of coffee per day during pregnancy. The infant developed apnea, and not having known the above maternal history, was started on caffeine therapy. Serum caffeine concentration was found to be 40.3 micrograms/ml prior to caffeine administration on the fifth day of age. Caffeine concentration at birth was probably much higher based on the pharmacokinetic extrapolation (caffeine half-life of 100 hours). It is suggested that manifestation of apnea in this infant may have been related to caffeine withdrawal. PMID- 6530706 TI - Comparison of physostigmine and naloxone in the treatment of acute heroin overdose. PMID- 6530707 TI - Routine gynaecological clinic in northern Ghana. AB - A routine gynaecological screening clinic was conducted in a town in northern Ghana, West Africa. The presence of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and other gynaecological disorders were documented. Results show that it is possible to detect pre-malignant lesions, and to provide timely therapy, even in the remote regions of Ghana. More health care professionals in remote areas of the Third World are needed in order to provide such care in the future. PMID- 6530708 TI - Kala-azar in Portugal. V. The sylvatic cycle in the enzootic endemic focus of Arrabida. AB - Leishmania parasites were found in three of 43 foxes examined in the Arrabida region of the Setubal peninsula in Portugal, this brings the total number of cases of vulpine leishmaniasis to four in 71 animals examined in this area, a prevalence rate of 5.63%. The three parasitized foxes found in this study were all symptomless and NNN cultures inoculated with tissue extracts were positive for all three animals. The immunofluorescence antibody test (IFAT) was positive with titres greater than or equal to 1/128 in the three infected foxes. The isoenzyme electrophoretic profile obtained from these positive cultures showed the strains to be identical with others isolated in Portugal from man, dog and fox, as well as with strains from elsewhere in the Mediterranean (zymodeme 1). The prevalence rate of 5.63% is probably sufficient to maintain endemicity. The presence of a semi-autonomic sylvatic cycle in the area seems likely. Hepatozoon was found in 28 foxes (65.11%). PMID- 6530709 TI - Prevalence of toxocariasis and echinococcosis among dogs in the Niger Delta. AB - A sample of 60 dogs in the Port Harcourt area of the Niger Delta was examined for intestinal parasites. The high prevalence rates of Toxocara canis (56.6%) and Echinococcus granulosus (85.0%) in the area are discussed in relation to public health. Other parasites found in dogs include Toxascaris leonina (3.3%), Uncinaria stenocephala (70.0%), Dipylidium caninum (88.3%), Trichuris vulpis (56.7%), Ancylostoma caninum (65.0%) and Taenia hydatigenia (43.3%). PMID- 6530710 TI - Severe acute pancreatitis caused by parasites in the common bile duct. AB - Nine cases of acute pancreatitis due to parasites in the common bile duct (Ascaris lumbricoides 4, Clonorchis sinensis 5) are reported. Eight cases were discovered at laparotomy and one at postmortem. The indications for operation were worsening pancreatitis, sepsis or cholangitis. Decompression of the biliary system and removal of parasites resulted in the recovery of the eight cases operated upon. In endemic areas, all patients with acute pancreatitis should be screened for parasites. Antibiotics and/or antihelminthics should be given if they are found. Surgery is necessary for those with worms causing biliary or pancreatic obstruction who do not respond. PMID- 6530711 TI - Serum MB-creatine kinase is not elevated in active rheumatic carditis. AB - Total serum creatine kinase (CK) and the MB fraction of CK (CK-MB) activities were measured in 36 patients with active rheumatic carditis and on 33 controls. There were no significant differences in either the total CK or the CK-MB between the two groups. However, eight out of the 36 carditis patients had received intramuscular injections (IMI) prior to the assay: this sub-group showed a significant elevation of the total CK but not the CK-MB. Ten carditis patients (without prior IMI) had repeat assays done after their rheumatic activity had subsided: the mean total CK, but not the CK-MB, fell to levels below control values although these were not statistically significant. The results show that CK-MB is not of value in assessing activity in rheumatic carditis. Further, in assessing the significance of elevated total CK in any clinical situation, the influence of IMI and of bed rest should be taken into account. PMID- 6530712 TI - Internal temperature of decomposing duck carcasses in relation to botulism. AB - Under spring conditions (mean daily maximum 22 C, mean daily minimum 9 C), the temperature within duck carcasses paralleled air temperature for 3 days; on days 4 and 5 the internal temperature rose above 30 C for approximately 30 hr and maximum temperatures of 40-47 C occurred. This coincided with the period of maximum blowfly maggot activity in the carcasses. Carcasses screened from blowflies did not experience this period of high internal temperature. Under autumn conditions (mean daily maximum 13 C, mean daily minimum 1 C), the internal temperature of carcasses paralleled air temperature for approximately 2 wk. Following a warm day (23.5 C), maggots appeared in the carcasses and the internal temperature rose markedly higher than air temperature. Maggots moved into the soil on cold nights and reinhabited the carcasses during the day. The microclimate within maggot-infested carcasses appeared very suitable for growth and toxin production by Clostridium botulinum and this phenomenon may help explain the occurrence of botulism outbreaks during cool weather. PMID- 6530713 TI - Renal coccidiosis in interior Canada geese, Branta canadensis interior Todd, of the Mississippi Valley population. AB - Kidneys from 309 Interior Canada geese from three locations in the Mississippi Flyway were examined for renal coccidia. Oocysts and/or young zygotes of Eimeria sp. were found in 6.8% of goose kidneys sampled. Only one type of renal coccidian oocyst was observed. Significantly more immature geese were infected than adults; however, there was no significant difference observed between the prevalences of infection in male and female birds. A host cellular response to zygotes and oocysts was noted in the majority of infected adult geese. Heavily infected kidneys were hypertrophic with minute foci on the surface of the organ. Histological examinations showed large numbers of unsporulated oocysts accumulated in distended collecting tubules, resulting in pressure necrosis to adjacent tissue and urate retention. Zygotes were observed in the cytoplasm of tubule cells and extracellularly in interstitial tissue. Infected tubule cells were characterized by the peripheral location of the nuclei, cytoplasmic basophilia, and cellular hypertrophy. This is the first report of an Eimeria sp. in the kidneys of Canada geese of the Mississippi Valley population. PMID- 6530714 TI - Muellerius capillaris (Mueller, 1889) (Nematoda: Protostrongylidae): an unusual finding in Rocky Mountain bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis canadensis Shaw) in South Dakota. AB - Lungs and fecal samples from nine hunter-killed Rocky Mountain bighorn sheep were examined for lungworms. All samples contained adults and/or larvae of Muellerius capillaris (Mueller, 1889). Protostrongylus spp., the lungworms commonly reported from bighorn sheep, were not present in any samples. Larvae of M. capillaris bear a spine on the dorsal side of the posterior end and are shorter than dorsal spined larvae of other lungworms recorded from North American ungulates. Larvae similar in shape but longer than those of Muellerius were found in free-ranging bighorn sheep in Alberta and British Columbia. In addition, dorsal-spined larvae have been found in bighorn sheep in Montana, North Dakota, and Washington. The identity of the dorsal-spined larvae is known only from sheep in South Dakota. Thus, caution must be taken when diagnosing lungworm infections in Rocky Mountain bighorn sheep. PMID- 6530716 TI - Ticks on white-tailed deer fawns from southern Illinois. AB - Seventy-six white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus (Zimmermann] fawns captured on Crab Orchard National Wildlife Refuge in southern Illinois during June-July 1980-1983 were aged and examined for ticks. The prevalence of ticks (Amblyomma americanum (Linnaeus, 1758) and Dermacentor variabilis (Say, 1821] was 80%; intensity of infestation ranged from one to 123 ticks per fawn, averaging 21.6. Tick intensity correlated poorly with age suggesting that there were other, more important determinants of infestation rates. Packed cell volumes in blood of the fawns increased significantly with age, but were not significantly affected by existing tick intensities. Ticks were not directly or indirectly implicated in any of 16 mortalities that occurred among 61 radio-collared fawns monitored for approximately 6 mo post-partum, and were not considered a serious health problem for fawns on the study area. PMID- 6530715 TI - Epizootiology, development, and pathology of Geopetitia aspiculata Webster, 1971 (Nematoda: Habronematoidea) in tropical birds at the Assiniboine Park Zoo, Winnipeg, Canada. AB - Geopetitia aspiculata was found in 12 species of Passeriformes, one species of Coraciiformes, and one species of Charadriiformes which died in a free-flight area in the Tropical House at the Assiniboine Park Zoo, Winnipeg, Canada. The nematodes occurred in chronic inflammatory cysts attached to the serosa of the posterior end of the esophagus, proventriculus, and the anterior part of the gizzard. Posterior ends of worms were observed to extend from the cyst into the lumen of the proventriculus. Birds hatched and raised in the Tropical House acquired infections, probably through the agency of feral crickets. Experimental studies showed that G. aspiculata developed to the infective third stage in the fat body of Acheta domesticus (L.). This is the first transmission cycle of Geopetitia spp. to be elucidated and the egg, first, third, and early fifth stages of the parasite are described. The absence of spicules in males of G. aspiculata is confirmed. Geopetitia aspiculata was probably introduced to the Zoo by infected tropical birds obtained from dealers or other zoos. The wild source of the parasite is not known since G. aspiculata has never been reported in wild birds; the report of G. aspiculata in wild Piciformes in Cuba by Barus (1971) is in error. PMID- 6530717 TI - Liver pathology of yellow perch, Perca flavescens (Mitchill), infected with larvae of the nematode Raphidascaris acus (Bloch, 1779). AB - Larvae of the nematode Raphidascaris acus were found free or encapsulated in the liver of yellow perch. Blood vessels were distorted or destroyed during larval migrations and larvae were eventually encapsulated in a thick-walled whitish nodule. Successful walling-off of the parasite resulted in the formation of a collagenous nodule and a complete loss of the worm. No mortality of perch was associated with larval R. acus but the introduction of susceptible fishes into a lake harboring this parasite may be important in some stocking programs. PMID- 6530718 TI - Pathologic changes and microorganisms found in bighorn sheep during a stress related die-off. AB - An all-age die-off of Rocky Mountain bighorn sheep (Ovis c. canadensis Shaw) occurred from late October 1980 through March 1981 in Waterton Canyon, Colorado, with a loss of 75 to 85% of the sheep. The cause of death was a subacute to chronic bronchopneumonia and the primary etiologic agents isolated from the respiratory system were a Pasteurella sp., P. multocida, Corynebacterium pyogenes, and Protostrongylus stilesi Dikmans, 1931. The underlying predisposing factors that initiated this die-off were believed to be related to multiple chronic environmental stressors associated with the building of a dam which included human contact, vehicular traffic, atmospheric dust, noise and harassment. The die-off was succeeded by a 100% lamb mortality the following summer and a 67% lamb mortality the next two summers. The pneumonia found in these lambs was similar to that found in adult sheep during the previous die-off, except that mature lungworms were absent. PMID- 6530720 TI - Baseline body temperatures, heart rates, and respiratory rates of moose in Alaska. AB - Baseline body temperatures (BT), heart rates (HR) and respiratory rates (RR) were obtained from Alaskan moose (Alces alces gigas Miller) at the Moose Research Center (MRC), Alaska. Excitability, seasons and drugs influenced the values to varying degrees. Excitability was the most influential factor. Safe expected ranges were: BT 38.4 to 38.9 C, HR 70 to 91 beats/min (b/min), and RR 13 to 40 respirations/min (r/min). These ranges incorporated all seasons, a central nervous system depressant drug and a paralyzing drug. Values which may be considered critical and an indication that corrective action should be taken include: BT 40.2 C, HR 102 b/min, and RR 40 r/min. It is recommended that persons trained in monitoring vital signs be on hand during moose capture and immobilization procedures. PMID- 6530719 TI - Effects of xylazine immobilization on biochemical and endocrine values in white tailed deer. AB - The effect of xylazine hydrochloride on biochemical and endocrine parameters in plasma was examined in adult white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus (Zimmermann]. In the first experiment, seven animals were injected intramuscularly via a blowgun dart with 0.65 mg/kg xylazine (100 mg/ml) and were bled 10, 20, 30, and 60 min post-injection. In the second experiment, eight animals were manually restrained for the first blood sampling and then injected manually and bled as before. Plasma calcium (Ca), inorganic phosphorus (P), and alkaline phosphatase (AP) were measured spectrophotometrically. Plasma parathyroid hormone (PTH), calcitonin (CT), thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3), and cortisol were measured by radioimmunoassay. Plasma PTH, CT, T4, T3, and AP activity did not differ (P greater than 0.05) during the 1 hr period studied in either experiment. Plasma Ca and P decreased significantly (P less than 0.05) in the second experiment, whereas cortisol levels increased significantly (P less than 0.05) 10 min post-injection in both experiments. The results may have been due to a drug effect or a combined drug and stress effect. It is suggested that xylazine may be safely used as an anesthetic in measuring PTH, CT, T4 and T3, and plasma AP up to 60 min post-injection in deer. Caution should be taken in using xylazine as an anesthetic to study adrenocortical function. PMID- 6530721 TI - Infectious pancreatic necrosis virus: isolation from asymptomatic wild Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus L.). PMID- 6530722 TI - Simultaneous transmission of a piscine piroplasm and trypanosome by a marine leech. PMID- 6530723 TI - Hepatic capillariasis in African giant rats (Cricetomys gambianus Waterhouse). PMID- 6530724 TI - Elaeophora schneideri Wehr and Dickmans, 1935 in white-tailed deer from the Edwards Plateau of Texas. PMID- 6530725 TI - Angiostrongylus vasorum (Baillet, 1866) in red foxes (Vulpes vulpes L.) in Italy. PMID- 6530726 TI - Attempt to determine species of Protostrongylus-type (Nematoda: Protostrongylidae) infective larvae based on total body length. PMID- 6530727 TI - Skrjabingylus chitwoodorum Hill, 1939 (Nematoda: Metastrongyloidea) in striped skunks from northcentral Minnesota. PMID- 6530728 TI - Renicola lari Timon-David, 1933 from the osprey, Pandion haliaetus (L.), from Alberta, Canada. PMID- 6530729 TI - Pathology associated with a natural Edwardsiella ictaluri infection in channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus Rafinesque). PMID- 6530730 TI - Cyclopia, congenital limb deformity, and osteomyelitis in the collared peccary, Tayassu tajacu (L.). PMID- 6530731 TI - [Proceedings of the local sections of the Japanese Circulation Society 1983. Abstracts]. PMID- 6530732 TI - [The effects of high-dose fentanyl on cerebral circulation and metabolism in dogs]. PMID- 6530733 TI - [Effect of halothane on the ischemia-induced conduction delay in canine myocardium and the action of norepinephrine]. PMID- 6530734 TI - [A computerized method for the administration of heparin and protamine during open-heart surgery]. PMID- 6530735 TI - [The effect of Co-enzyme Q10 on lactate metabolism during resuscitation from anoxia]. PMID- 6530736 TI - [Use of thiopental combined with hypothermia and hemodilution for the anesthesia during cerebrovascular surgery]. PMID- 6530737 TI - [The influence of verapamil and nifedipine on neuromuscular blocking agents]. PMID- 6530738 TI - [The effects of controlled hypotension during mild hypothermia on coronary and systemic hemodynamics and myocardial contractility]. PMID- 6530739 TI - [A trial of spinal anesthesia with 0.5% bupivacaine]. PMID- 6530740 TI - [Analysis of post-operative pulmonary complications and the score to predict their occurrences]. PMID- 6530741 TI - [Anesthesia for a patient with Nasu-Hakola's disease]. PMID- 6530742 TI - [Anesthetic management of a patient with Cornelia de Lange syndrome]. PMID- 6530743 TI - [A case of sleep apnea syndrome--its perioperative management]. PMID- 6530744 TI - [A case report of a ball-valve type obstruction of the endotracheal tube caused by dried secretions]. PMID- 6530745 TI - Postural changes and isosorbide dinitrate. A polygraphic study in patients with coronary artery disease. AB - Sitting or orthostatic positions and trinitrine-like drugs reduce venous return. We focused on the non-invasive assessment of postural-induced cardiovascular stress and isosorbide dinitrate (IDN) induced changes in 8 male patients with coronary artery disease (CAD), using polygraphic recordings by means of a Thermistor Pulse Transducer. The pre-ejection period (PEP) is sensitive to reduced preload and to the positive inotropic state of the myocardium. In addition, the % diastole (RR interval--electromechanical systole/RR interval) has been recently demonstrated to be correlated to coronary perfusion in CAD patients. We observed that IDN in clinostatism and the sitting position reduced preload (longer PEP) with increased heart rate (HR) and did not affect % diastole. In orthostatism, while controls showed an increased HR and prolonged PEP, the HR was higher after IDN, with a fall in PEP and a significant decrease in % diastole. We ascribed this change to adrenergic stimulation by the hypotensive actions of IDN (lowered mean blood pressure) in orthostatism and with a fall in coronary perfusion. Caution should be taken in CAD patients when postural stress could occur during IDN treatment. Moreover, polygraphic studies can be useful to detect individual responses to nitrates and serial recordings could be employed to assess late responses to chronic management with IDN. PMID- 6530746 TI - The effect of nitrate on the oxygen availability during exercise in effort angina pectoris. AB - Respiratory responses during exercise were observed to determine whether improvement of oxygen availability in working skeletal muscle is attributable to increased aerobic capacity after administration of nitrate in patients with effort angina. After isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN) administration, the aerobic capacity increased 3.3 ml/min/Kg (20%) as compared with the control test (p less than 0.001), but the anaerobic threshold (AT), a good indicator of oxygen availability, was unchanged, and the respiratory quotient at the peak of exercise was elevated. These findings suggest that oxygen availability in skeletal muscle was not altered after ISDN, and increased exercise load accompanied increased anaerobic glycolysis. It was concluded that the nitrate-induced increase in aerobic capacity was not dependent upon the change in oxygen availability in skeletal muscle but rather upon the elevated anginal threshold. PMID- 6530747 TI - The hemodynamics and hemodynamic effects of indenolol in mild hypertension. AB - For clarifying the onset mechanism of essential hypertension, the hemodynamics in 9 mildly hypertensive men, mean age of 39.8 +/- 10.7 (mean +/- SD), was compared with 7 normotensive men, mean age of 39.8 +/- 10.7, by means of exercise echocardiography, and the effects of indenolol (administered 30 mg/day for 7 days orally to both groups) were studied. The interventricular septum and the left ventricular posterior wall were thickened in the mild hypertensives. No significant differences between the both groups were shown in the cardiac performance at rest and the cardiac index during exercise. The total peripheral vascular resistance was higher in the mild hypertensives than the normotensives during exercise. However, during exercise, the normotensives showed significant increases in the left ventricular end-diastolic dimension (LVDd) and the stroke index (SI); these changes were not significant in the mild hypertensives. After administration of indenolol, the significant increases in LVDd and SI during exercise were observed in the mild hypertensives. This study suggests that mild hypertensives with cardiac hypertrophy display a diminished Frank-Starling effect during exercise which may be attributed to the decreased left ventricular compliance due to cardiac hypertrophy and elevated afterload. Indenolol improved the Frank-Starling effect, which decreased in the mild hypertensives. PMID- 6530748 TI - Sequence of occurrence of abnormal regional cardiac function, global pump function and electrocardiogram after brief ligation and reperfusion of a coronary artery. AB - The following results were obtained. During brief ligation of the coronary artery, a change in the cardiac wall motion appeared as the first abnormality of the CMG. Succeedingly, epicardial ECG changes were recognized, and lastly, changes of dP/dt appeared. After reperfusion of the coronary artery, dP/dt was quickly normalized, followed by restoration of ST elevation. Cardiac motion, measured by CMG, was the last abnormality to improve. PMID- 6530749 TI - Pulmonary hemorrhage in experimental cerebral ischemia in mongolian gerbils. Brain metabolism and lung pathology. AB - Pulmonary changes in acute cerebral ischemia were studied in anesthetized Mongolian gerbils, in which both carotid arteries were occluded simultaneously. Lactate, pyruvate and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in the brain were measured as indicators of the severity of cerebral ischemia. Microscopic changes in the lung were arbitrarily scored from 0 (normal) to 3 points (severely affected) by the grade and the extent of lesions. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) was also measured through the cannulated femoral artery before and after carotid artery occlusion in a separate group of animals. Cerebral lactate was increased while ATP decreased in ischemic animals in which pulmonary changes such as intra-alveolar hemorrhages were prominent and frequent. The lung pathology score averaged 1.3 in animals with severe ischemia (lactate greater than or equal to 10 mM/Kg), 0.7 in moderate ischemia (5-10 mM/Kg) and 0.3 in mild or no ischemia (less than 5 mM/Kg), respectively, suggesting that severe brain ischemia may cause fulminant pulmonary changes. The mechanism of pulmonary lesions in acute cerebral ischemia is discussed. PMID- 6530750 TI - A case of primary pulmonary hypertension treated with prazosin and isosorbide dinitrate. AB - Successful vasodilator therapy of a 27-year-old woman with primary pulmonary hypertension is described. Prazosin 2 mg, orally in combination with isosorbide dinitrate 10 mg, sublingually caused a marked fall in pulmonary vascular resistance. Pulmonary hemodynamics reevaluated after 3 months of combination therapy with prazosin 1 mg qid and isosorbide dinitrate 5 mg qid showed sustained improvement. Therefore, in selected patients with primary pulmonary hypertension, this combination therapy can be used. PMID- 6530751 TI - Clinical significance of myocardial squeezing of the coronary artery. AB - We investigated the coronary angiography (CAG) of 1,022 patients to clarify the clinical significance of myocardial squeezing and obtained the following results. Of 1,022 patients undergoing CAG, 164 patients (16.0%) had myocardial squeezing of the left anterior descending artery (LAD) and 16 patients (1.6%) had only the first septal perforating branches producing a squeezing of the artery during systole. The association of myocardial squeezing of the LAD with different diagnosis was anterior chest pain syndrome (26.6%), arrhythmia (23.6%), cardiomyopathy (21.7%), angina pectoris (15.8%) and myocardial infarction (6.9%). The degree of narrowing of the LAD was classified into 4 grades; 25-49%: 36 patients (22.0%), 50-74%: 82 patients (50.0%), 75-89%: 35 patients (21.3%) and greater than 90%: 11 patients (6.7%). The morphology of the vessel subjected to myocardial squeezing was classified into 4 patterns on CAG. Type A is localized narrowing. Type B is bead-like narrowing. Type C is diffuse narrowing. Type D is tapering and obstructive narrowing. All type D patients had the septal perforating branches. We investigated whether only myocardial squeezing has ischemic ST-T segment changes in the ECG. Fifty-five of 87 patients (63.2%) with myocardial squeezing of greater than 75% and organic stenosis of less than 50% of the LAD had ischemic changes in the ECG during exercise or pacing-induced tachycardia. There was no special feature between myocardial squeezing and subjective symptoms. PMID- 6530752 TI - Quantitative and qualitative analysis of the relationship between exercise induced R wave amplitude changes and severity of coronary artery disease. AB - The correlation between R wave voltage variations (delta R) and the angiographic severity of coronary artery disease (CAD) at progressively increasing heart rate (HR) steps was evaluated in 51 patients (pts) without CAD (OV), in 42 pts with single (SVD), in 43 with double (DVD) and in 59 pts with triple vessel disease (TVD). At the end of stress the sensitivity of delta R was higher in DVD and TVD pts than in SVD pts. There was no clear correlation between exercise-induced R wave changes and the angiographic severity of CAD, since the qualitative and quantitative delta R evaluation during effort showed similar changes in delta R for a wide range of HR's in the entire study population. Since different degrees of exercise tolerance were found in pts with SVD, DVD and TVD, we hypothesize that the correlation between delta R and the severity of CAD at the end of stress testing may be artifactual. PMID- 6530753 TI - Attenuation of exercise-induced R wave increase after diltiazem in effort angina pectoris. AB - Body surface mapping was used to study the effects of diltiazem on exercise induced QRS amplitude changes in 7 patients with stable effort angina pectoris. Body surface areas showing R or S amplitude changes (greater than 0.2 mV) after treadmill exercise were calculated. After the administration of 90 mg of diltiazem, the R increased area was significantly smaller than that without diltiazem (p less than 0.02), although the same workload was performed. It was suggested that diltiazem diminished the exercise-induced myocardial ischemia and this improvement of ischemia resulted in the reduction of the R increased area after exercise. PMID- 6530754 TI - Echocardiographic aortic valve area formula for the estimation of obstruction in stenosis. AB - We have investigated the use of M-mode echocardiography for the quantification of aortic valve stenosis through the application of a hydraulic orifice equation using only noninvasively determined hemodynamic variables. The new equation is A = (2/5)SV/(t3/2 dP1/4HR), where A is the effective aortic valve area in cm2, SV is the stroke volume in ml, t is the systolic ejection period in seconds, dP is the echographically estimated aortic valve gradient and HR is the heart rate. The predicted valve areas correspond with those derived by conventional cardiac catheterization studies at a level of r = 0.84, SE = 0.14 cm2, N = 10. The results suggest that M-mode echocardiography may have application to the quantitative diagnosis of aortic stenosis. PMID- 6530755 TI - Measurement of lung density in congestive heart failure by computed tomography. AB - The computed tomography (CT) number within the region of interest (ROI) was used as a parameter to assess lung density in patients with congestive heart failure. Thirty-eight patients with valvular heart disease (VHD) and 34 patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD) were studied. Based on the New York Heart Association (NYHA) classification, 24 VHD patients were in class I or II (VHD I II) and the other 14 were in NYHA class III or IV (VHD III-IV). Eighteen patients with IHD were in NYHA class I or II (IHD I-II) and 16 were in class III or IV (IHD III-IV). The CT number was measured bilaterally at the upper, middle and lower levels of the chest and compared with the corresponding values in 21 normal subjects (Group N). In a preliminary study on Group N, the CT numbers were insensitive to the size of the ROI, but were closely related to its location. In clinical applications, the mean values of the CT numbers in all six lung fields increased in the order of IHD I-II, to VHD I-II, IHD III-IV and VHD III-IV. Except for patients in IHD I-II, they were significantly larger than in Group N. The relationship between the CT number and the systolic and mean pulmonary arterial pressures and the pulmonary capillary wedge pressure were evaluated in 36 patients. Significant correlations were obtained in all six lung fields (r = 0.65-0.78, p less than 0.001). The results suggest that measurement of lung density by CT is useful for the quantitative evaluation of the severity of disease in patients with congestive heart failure. PMID- 6530756 TI - [Biosynthesis of steroid hormones]. PMID- 6530757 TI - [Indication for heart catheterization. a. Significance of the invasive method in cardiac and hemodynamic determinations]. PMID- 6530758 TI - [Localization of heart failure. a. Localization of coronary insufficiency by invasive diagnostic methods]. PMID- 6530759 TI - [Circulatory monitoring at the intensive care unit. a. Advantages and disadvantages in invasive monitoring methods]. PMID- 6530760 TI - [Circulatory monitoring at the intensive care unit. b. The role of non-invasive monitoring methods]. PMID- 6530761 TI - [Determination of surgical indication. a. Need for invasive diagnosis for the determination of surgical indication in cardiovascular diseases]. PMID- 6530762 TI - [Blood pressure determination. a. Unrestrained-invasive monitoring]. PMID- 6530763 TI - [Therapy of systemic lupus erythematosus--studies using disease models. 1. The effect of MHC on lupus nephritis in (NZB x NZW)F1--a therapeutic suggestion]. PMID- 6530764 TI - [Therapy of systemic lupus erythematosus--studies using disease models. 2. Suppression of anti-ds DNA antibody formation in NZB/W mice and improvement of glomerulonephritis]. PMID- 6530765 TI - [Therapy of systemic lupus erythematosus--studies using disease models. 3. Effect of cyclosporin A on spontaneous autoimmune diseases]. PMID- 6530766 TI - [Relation between frequency of the development of enzyme-bound immunoglobulins and pathophysiology. CK-bound immunoglobulins]. PMID- 6530767 TI - [Progress in the study of enzyme-bound immunoglobulins]. PMID- 6530768 TI - [Detection of enzyme-bound immunoglobulins by affinity electrophoresis]. PMID- 6530769 TI - [Detection of enzyme-bound immunoglobulins by electrosyneresis]. PMID- 6530770 TI - [Molecular sizes of enzyme-bound immunoglobulins]. PMID- 6530771 TI - [Antigen recognition by enzyme-binding immunoglobulins]. PMID- 6530772 TI - [Relation between frequency of the development of enzyme-bound immunoglobulin and pathophysiology. LDH-binding immunoglobulin-- estimation of its frequency in normal subjects]. PMID- 6530773 TI - [Relation between frequency of the development of enzyme-binding immunoglobulins and pathophysiology. LDH-bound immunoglobulin]. PMID- 6530774 TI - [Systematization of the clinical chemistry laboratory]. PMID- 6530775 TI - [Computer system in the clinical microbiological laboratory]. PMID- 6530776 TI - [Immuno-serological laboratory system]. PMID- 6530777 TI - [Hematological laboratory system]. PMID- 6530778 TI - [Evaluation of the cardiac function by a computer system]. PMID- 6530779 TI - [Clinical laboratory system in the computerized total hospital system--a case study on the EDP system of Tohoku University Hospital]. PMID- 6530780 TI - [Some problems associated with the clinical laboratory computer system]. PMID- 6530781 TI - [Utilization of computers in the clinical laboratory]. PMID- 6530782 TI - [Classification of liver diseases based on discriminant analysis of serum enzyme activities]. PMID- 6530783 TI - [Normal values for sulfosalicylate-soluble mucoprotein of the urine and its clinical significance]. PMID- 6530784 TI - [Monocyte-macrophage function in multiple myeloma]. PMID- 6530785 TI - [Analysis of urinary lipids (I)]. PMID- 6530786 TI - [Sensitive quantitative determination of human serum CRP by latex photometric immunoassay. II. Serum CRP levels in healthy individuals and clinical significance of sensitive microanalysis]. PMID- 6530787 TI - [Comparison of fibrinogen and synthetic chromogenic substrates in the determination of blood plasminogen contents and the reliability of the method using synthetic chromogen as a substrate]. PMID- 6530789 TI - [Computed tomography for localizing enlarged parathyroid glands in primary hyperparathyroidism]. PMID- 6530788 TI - [Anatomy of peripheral lung tissue in the hilum]. PMID- 6530790 TI - [Standard radiation treatment for carcinoma of the uterine cervix]. PMID- 6530791 TI - [Calcified false lumen of chronic aortic dissection]. PMID- 6530793 TI - [A case report of solitary tuberculous abscess of the liver]. PMID- 6530792 TI - [Transvascular removal of catheter fragments from the great vessels and the heart]. PMID- 6530794 TI - [Integrated image of radionuclide liver angiogram]. PMID- 6530795 TI - [Treatment of radiation ulcer of the tongue with the use of resin protector]. PMID- 6530797 TI - [Surgical treatment and radiation therapy of colo-rectal cancer]. PMID- 6530796 TI - [Abdominal aortic pseudoaneurysm causing vertebral erosion]. PMID- 6530798 TI - [The role of gastric mucosal histamine and histidine decarboxylase activity in acid secretion in rats]. PMID- 6530799 TI - [Macroscopic, pathological and stereomicroscopic studies of experimental gastric cancers in dogs]. PMID- 6530800 TI - [Endoscopic measurement of gastric mucosal blood flow by hydrogen gas generated by electrolysis--comparison with H2-inhalation method]. PMID- 6530801 TI - [A clinicopathological study on liver injury in patients with chronic alcoholic pancreatitis]. PMID- 6530802 TI - [Evaluation of the gallbladder and biliary tract function by biliary scintigram]. PMID- 6530803 TI - [Studies on the relationship between computed tomography of the pancreas and age factors and body constitution]. PMID- 6530804 TI - [Studies on the mechanism of endotoxin shock--using bradykinin depletor cellulose sulphate]. PMID- 6530805 TI - [A case of asymptomatic PBC accompanied by glycyrrhizin-induced pseudoaldosteronism]. PMID- 6530806 TI - [An adult case with clinical features similar to Shwachman syndrome]. PMID- 6530807 TI - [Effect of oral pantethine administration on blood acetaldehyde levels following alcohol ingestion]. PMID- 6530808 TI - [Antibodies to ethanol-altered hepatocytes in alcoholic liver disease]. PMID- 6530809 TI - [Tubeless biliary drainage by internal irradiation using IR remote afterloading irradiation system combined with external lineac irradiation]. PMID- 6530810 TI - [A chronobiological study on toluene anesthesia in mice]. AB - An experimental study of toluene exposure was performed on mice at various times of the day using the righting reflex and blood concentration as indicators. One hundred and sixty ICR mice were housed 8 mice per cage for 3 weeks with free access to food and water under a dark-light cycle consisting of alternate 12 hr periods of darkness and light: the dark period beginning at 7:00. The exposure was begun when the mice were 8 weeks old. They were exposed to 10,000 ppm of toluene for 40 min at 4:00, 10:00, 16:00 and 22:00, and they were sacrificed at the end of the exposure, after 3 min or after 30 min. The duration of anesthesia was 200.2 +/- 15.4 (sec) at 4:00, 361.1 +/- 21.5 (sec) at 10:00, 335.1 +/- 18.5 (sec) at 16:00 and 309.2 +/- 19.8 (sec) at 22:00. The duration of anesthesia at 4:00 was shorter than that of the other times of the day statistically (p less than 0.01). With regard to the toluene concentration in blood, there was no significant difference between those mice sacrificed at the end of exposure and those sacrificed after 3 min. PMID- 6530811 TI - [An experimental study on neurotoxicity of 2,5-hexanedione. Visual and somatosensory cortical evoked potentials in rats]. AB - In order to clarify the effects of 2,5-hexanedione (2,5-HD) on the central nervous system, the somatosensory evoked potentials (SEP) and the visual evoked potentials (VEP) were experimentally studied. Eight male rats (Jcl-Wistar) were given subcutaneously 300 mg/kg/day of 2,5-HD five days a week for three weeks. Another eight male rats group served as the control. One week after ending the administration, the SEP and VEP of rats were measured under artificial respiration using bipolar and monopolar recording methods. The caudal nerve conduction velocities (C-NCVs) were also measured before the administration was begun, and weekly during the experiment, using Ono's method. Significant findings observed in the 2,5-HD administered group in comparison with the control group were as follows: delayed latencies in P1 and N1 components of VEP, reduced amplitude between N1 and P2 components of VEP and decreased caudal nerve conduction velocities. It was also observed that latencies of SEP components of the 2,5-HD administered group tended to prolong in spite of shorter conducting length. Alterations of VEP and a tendency of prolongation in latencies of SEP components were considered to be dysfunctions of the visual and somatosensory afferent pathway attributable of 2,5-HD. The present experiments suggest that for further understanding of the effects of 2,5-HD, on the central nervous system, it is necessary to utilize more sophisticated techniques which can quantitatively detect neurophysiological changes in the ascending tract from the periphery to the cortex. PMID- 6530812 TI - [An experimental examination of extra-hepatic metabolism of trichloroethylene in dogs]. AB - To investigate the extra-hepatic organs metabolism of trichloroethylene, the extra-hepatic circulation in dogs was established by operating on the portal vein right femoral vein bypass and other locations. These dogs were exposed for one hour to trichloroethylene at concentrations of 700 ppm. Metabolite (trichloroethanol (F-TCE), trichloroacetic acid (TCA) and total trichloroethanol (T-TCE) changes in serum and urine were measured from the beginning of exposure until one hour after termination, and compared with previous data as control. The following results were obtained. This operation method gave a very slight invasion on dogs. About two hours after the operation, no abnormal findings were observed clinically or physiologically. This method was considered to be one of the best for study of the metabolism of chemical substances in the extra-hepatic organs of dogs. The produced ratios of F-TCE, TCA and T-TCE in extrahepatic organs were about 60, 10 and 30% exposure to trichloroethylene at 700 ppm, respectively. PMID- 6530813 TI - [An experimental study on the duration of a single spell of work on VDT (visual display terminal) performance]. AB - The relation between work load and the duration of a single spell of work on VDT performance studied in an experimental word processing task. Nine healthy male college students performed 2-hour visual tasks under the following three sets of work conditions. In the first set, subjects performed VDT work for two hours without intermission. In the second set, subjects had a 10-minute intermission after a 1-hour task. In the third set, there was a 5-minute intermission after a 30-minute task. Critical flicker fusion, near point distance, subjective fatigue symptoms, heart rate, respiratory rate, blinking counts, electromyogram in upper limb and performance score were measured. Results are as follows. Decrease in critical flicker fusion, increase in near point distance and subjective fatigue symptoms appeared in all three sets of experimental conditions after two hour tasks. Increased slow wave components on electromyogram and increased errors in performance appeared after 60-minute or more tasks without intermission. Effects on the critical flicker fusion, near point distance, subjective fatigue symptoms, electromyogram, blinking counts and errors in performance were least in the third set. The results of this study suggest that in order to reduce operators' fatigue on VDT work of the conversation type, countermeasures such as shortening the duration of a single spell of work to less than 60 minutes and taking frequent short intermission are necessary. PMID- 6530814 TI - [Observations on mortality in selected working populations]. AB - Mortality among employees of selected enterprises in which excellent health care programmes are carried on, was observed to evaluate employees' health levels and to establish objectives for future health care programmes. Also, these data were compared with those for all Japanese and for Japanese employees belonging to the corresponding occupational groups. Seventy-three enterprises which continuously participated in the mortality survey implemented by the Japan Research Organization of Industrial Health Care for the period between 1976 and 1980, were subjected to this study. The observed employees amounted to 3,502,580 person years. Sex and age distributions of the employees were available for 47 enterprises and the observed employees totalled 2,598,672 person-years. The main results are as follows: Mortality rate (per 100,000) is stable between 140 and 150 throughout the observed period and the average value is 145.0. The average mortality rate for males, aged 40 to 54, is 272.6. Malignant neoplasms were the main cause of death and account for 37-38%. In second place and below are heart diseases, cerebrovascular diseases, accidents, suicide and liver cirrhosis. Malignant neoplasms, especially of the stomach, lung and pancreas, show a trend to increase, and cerebrovascular diseases and liver cirrhosis show a trend to decrease. Among heart diseases, ischemic heart disease accounts for about 40% and shows no marked fluctuation. Among cerebrovascular diseases, the relative frequency of subarachnoid hemorrhage is increasing. Comparing the mortality rates for males aged 40 to 54 by industry, "Iron, steel & nonferrous metal manufacturing" and "Electricity and gas supply" show significantly higher values, and "Finance & insurance" and "Communications" show significantly lower values than the total. The distribution of main causes of death for males, aged 40 to 54, was compared by major occupational groups using Proportional Mortality Ratio (PMR). A significantly high frequency of malignant neoplasms (especially of the stomach) is observed for "Professional & technical workers, managers and officials" and that of suicide for "Craftmen, production process workers and labourers" and that of cerebrovascular diseases (especially cerebral hemorrhage) for "Protective service workers." Standardized Mortality Ratio (SMR) for males, aged 20 to 54, from all causes of death, calculated on the basis of all Japanese males in 1978 is 0.57. SMR for this population from malignant neoplasms is 0.89.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6530815 TI - [Effects of consecutive night shifts with prolonged on-duty and overtime work on various sleep]. AB - The purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of consecutive night shifts upon various types of sleep. The subjects studied were 9 guards who usually worked on an alternate-day shift system. The nighttime nap EEG (3:00 6:30) during the 24-hr on-duty period was recorded, and then the subsequent day sleep EEG (11:00 to spontaneous awakening) and recovery night sleep (23:00 to spontaneous awakening) were also measured. These records were made for the nap, day sleep and recovery night under two different sets of conditions. The first was for the usual shift cycle (U), i.e. 24 hr duty (10:00-10:00)----off duty--- 24 hr duty----off duty. The other was for consecutive night shifts (CN) with overtime work (18:00-10:00) performed on the normal off day, i.e. 24 hr duty----8 hr off duty----40 hr duty----off duty. The results were as follows: There was no difference between U and CN conditions concerning time in bed and total sleep time in the nighttime nap, day sleep and recovery night. However, the total time of daytime sleep was significantly shortened under both U and CN conditions, as compared with the control night. The amount of REM sleep in the CN condition for both the nighttime nap and day sleep was significantly greater than in the U condition. In the recovery night, REM sleep continued to be slightly greater for the CN condition than for the U condition. Slow wave sleep (SWS) in the CN condition was slightly greater than in the U condition for the nighttime nap and day sleep, but in the recovery night, no difference was observed between the two conditions. In the U condition, the sleep onset REM period (SOREMP) was observed in 2 of the 9 cases, but only during the day sleep. In the CN condition, however, it occurred in 5 subjects during the nighttime nap, in 4 during the day sleep, and in 2 during the recovery night. The REM sleep latency in the CN condition thus tended to be diminished in each type of sleep compared with that in the U condition, but a significant difference between the two conditions was observed only in the nighttime nap. It is believed that the increase in the amount of REM sleep and in the frequency of SOREMP might be due to the repeated pattern of sleep loss and shortened periods of sleep during consecutive night shifts of prolonged duty, with partial sleep deprivation resulting from lack of REM sleep. PMID- 6530816 TI - [Recommendations of maximum permissible exposure level (1984), made by Japanese Society of Industrial Health]. PMID- 6530817 TI - [Fully automated left ventricular contour detection for gated radionuclide angiography: (I) Methods]. PMID- 6530818 TI - [Spirometry gated 133Xe ventilation imaging and phase analysis for assessment of regional lung function]. PMID- 6530819 TI - [Clinical trial of NMR-CT (report 3)--the utility of NMR-CT for liver and pancreas diseases]. PMID- 6530820 TI - [Correlation between ERPF and retention function on 131I-OIH renogram]. PMID- 6530821 TI - [Studies on the measurement of serum free triiodothyronine with Amerlex Free T3 RIA kit]. PMID- 6530822 TI - [Evaluation of magic TSH radioimmunometric assay]. PMID- 6530824 TI - [Assessment of left ventricular ejection fraction by gated blood pool scintigraphy in the early and late phase after the onset of acute myocardial infarction]. PMID- 6530823 TI - [Quantitative autoradiography using positron emitters]. PMID- 6530825 TI - [Exercise stress myocardial imaging with thallium-201 in asymptomatic patients with left bundle branch block]. PMID- 6530826 TI - [Effect of coughing on 133Xe ventilation study in a patient with bullous disease]. PMID- 6530827 TI - [NMR: preparation of a signal intensity map for the NMR-CT diagnosis]. PMID- 6530828 TI - [Necessity of oblique views in detecting space occupying lesions by kidney scintigraphy]. PMID- 6530829 TI - [Fundamental evaluation of free T3 kit (Amerlex free T3) with radioimmunoassay]. PMID- 6530830 TI - [Fundamental and clinical evaluation of CEA kit (CEA . RIABEAD)]. PMID- 6530831 TI - [A new approach for simplified and automated measurement of left ventricular ejection fraction by ECG gated blood pool scintigraphy]. PMID- 6530832 TI - [Noninvasive assessment of severity of coronary artery disease by quantitative analysis of exercise thallium-201 myocardial perfusion imaging]. PMID- 6530833 TI - [Basic and clinical evaluation of the measurement of intrinsic factor antibody by using IMMO PHASE IF blocking antibody radioassay kit]. PMID- 6530834 TI - Studies of human tear proteins. 3. Distribution of specific tear prealbumin in lacrimal glands and other ocular adnexa. AB - Tear fluid is a mixed solution containing many kinds of proteins, and two predominant fractions have been determined by electrophoretic studies. One is anodal specific tear prealbumin (STP) and the other is cathodal lysozyme. This study is the first to demonstrate the localization of STP in the ocular adnexa by the immunofluorescence method. STP was found in the acinar cells of both the main and the accessory lacrimal glands. The cells of the interlobular ducts showed no or only weak staining of STP. No specific staining of STP was found in the conjunctiva, cornea or Meibomian gland. STP as well as lysozyme are thought to be secreted from the main and the accessory lacrimal glands. PMID- 6530835 TI - Mosaic pattern changes in human corneal endothelium with age. AB - The central corneal endothelium of 73 intact eyes was examined using a specular microscope. The photographs obtained were analyzed with a computerized digitizer for determination of the shape and size of the individual cells. The endothelium of cases younger than 30 years of age was composed mainly of hexagonal cells, 70% of all cells. With increasing age, however, the proportion as well as the number of hexagonal cells decreased significantly, although they continued to constitute the majority, 58%, of cells in the endothelium of cases over 70 years of age. There was a positive correlation between age and the proportion of nonhexagonal cells. It appears that the original hexagonal pattern of endothelial morphology is gradually lost with age, concurrent with a gradual increase in both mean cell size and variation in cell size. PMID- 6530836 TI - Anterior and posterior parts of human trabecular meshwork. AB - From gonioscopic observations, the trabecular meshwork was tentatively divided into anterior and posterior parts. The anterior part was defined as the zone from the Schwalbe's line to the anterior edge of the Schlemm's canal, and the posterior part was from the anterior edge of the Schlemm's canal to the angle recess. The patients' own blood cells were injected into the anterior chamber of two eyes about to be enucleated due to malignant tumors, and cell distribution in the trabecular meshwork was examined histologically. Blood cells in the posterior part of the trabecular meshwork were numerous, particularly in the area adjacent to the Schlemm's canal and anterior to the ciliary muscle at the angle recess, yet only a few cells were seen in the anterior part. At the angle recess, the blood cells accumulated in the perivascular connective tissue of the major arterial circle of the iris. These observations suggest that the posterior part of the trabecular meshwork is the most important for aqueous humor drainage in the human eye, both with regard to the conventional and unconventional routes, while the anterior part plays a lesser role in the aqueous outflow. It is also suggested that some proportion of the aqueous humor entering the tissues at the angle recess may flow through the perivascular tissue of the major arterial circle of the iris. PMID- 6530837 TI - Retinal pigment epithelium disorder in Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease revealed by hyperosmolarity response of ocular standing potential. AB - The hyperosmolarity response of the ocular standing potential was examined in 14 eyes of 7 cases of Harada's disease between 8 and 1,341 days after the onset of the disease. The hyperosmolarity response remained normal at the initial stage of the disease when choroiditis, retinal detachment and iridocyclitis were the main manifestations. The hyperosmolarity response was suppressed when depigmentation of the fundus progressed to the stage of the "sunset glow" appearance. The present study suggests that a sensitivity reduction to osmotic stress takes place in the retinal pigment epithelium concomitantly with the transition from the stage of depigmentation to the stage of "sunset glow". This dysfunction can be disclosed by the hyperosmolarity response, but not by the conventional examination of the light peak/dark trough ratio of the ocular standing potential. PMID- 6530838 TI - Early ultrastructural changes in choroidal arterioles of spontaneously hypertensive rats. AB - Ultrastructural changes in the vascular smooth muscle cells of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) aged 7-9 months were studied in the long posterior ciliary artery (LPCA) and they were compared with the findings in the same aged control Wistar Kyoto rats (WKY). The systolic blood pressure was higher than 200 mmHg in the SHR at the postnatal fourth month. The muscle cells in the media of the LPCA in the SHR could be divided into three types according to the electron density of their sarcoplasm, i.e., dark, intermediate or light cells. The electron density depended on the content of actin filaments; the number of the filaments per one micron 2 was determined in the specimens where cross sections of the filaments prevailed, and it averaged 48.7 in the dark cells, 34.1 in the light cells. In WKY, all the muscle cells showed the intermediate density and the number of actin filaments averaged 37.9 per micron 2. It was also observed that the muscle cells migrated into the intima and they were called the intimal cells. These cells in SHR appeared as an aggregated mass underneath the endothelium, but in WKY the individual intimal cells were scattered. These findings were thought to be early ultrastructural changes in response to a rapid elevation of the arterial pressure. PMID- 6530839 TI - Retinal sensitivity and spatial summation in amblyopia. AB - The retinal sensitivity and the spatial summation function in the foveal and parafoveal regions of unilaterally amblyopic patients with eccentric fixation were studied psychophysically by means of a refined fundus perimeter; the device made possible continuous and simultaneous monitoring of the subject's fundus, fixation behavior and location of the stimulus on the retina, and enabled us to obtain selectively reliable data. In 9 out of 10 amblyopic eyes, the retinal sensitivity was the highest at the subject's eccentric fixation locus, demonstrating central relative scotoma. In the fovea of amblyopic eyes, the spatial summation curve showed an abnormal gradient when tested with small stimuli, suggesting an enlarged spatial summation area at the amblyopic fovea. On the other hand, the spatial summation curve at the eccentric fixation locus was comparable to that at the corresponding eccentric locus of the nonamblyopic fellow eye, suggesting the spatial summation function at the peripheral retina was normal in the amblyopic eye. PMID- 6530840 TI - Effects of stimulus contrast on binocular VER. AB - The effect of stimulus contrast changes on the binocular visual evoked response (VER) was investigated using pattern reversal VER, dichoptic stimulation, and Fast Fourier Transform. When the stimulus contrast was changed binocularly, the monocular components increased as the contrast increased. The binocular component first appeared at the level of 10% contrast; its magnitude was stable under all recording conditions. When the stimulus contrast was changed monocularly, the eye that received the higher contrast stimulation showed more power in the power spectrum. The binocular component appeared even when the difference in contrast between the two eyes was large. The magnitude of the binocular component was stable under all recording conditions. We concluded that the binocular and the monocular components differ in the magnitude of their responses to a contrast change and speculate that the pathways responsible for the two components are not identical. PMID- 6530841 TI - Clinical observations of ocular quinine intoxication. AB - A case of a 13-year-old boy with ocular quinine intoxication was reported. He had been diagnosed as having cerebral malaria and had received quinine dihydrochloride for one week by intravenous drip infusion; the total dose was 12.6 g. When the patient was examined by us at the time of admission to our Hospital the visual acuity was zero in both eyes. During the hospitalization, recordings of electroretinogram and visually evoked potential were repeated, in addition to the conventional ophthalmological examinations. Although no particular treatment was given, the visual acuity showed a gradual recovery in both eyes; it was 20/200 at the 4th week and 20/30 at the 21st week after admission. Fluorescein fundus angiography at one week after admission revealed a moderate narrowing of the retinal arterioles and a slight reduction of capillaries on the optic disk. The electroretinogram and visually evoked potential were nonrecordable initially, but they showed recovery concomitantly with the recovery of the visual acuity. It was suggested that all of the retinal layers and also the optic nerve were affected by the intoxication. PMID- 6530842 TI - AB interno iridectomy combined with pars plicata lensectomy. AB - We applied a pressure cuff onto the soft bag to increase the infusion pressure of the Peyman's miniphage, so that with it the pars plicata lensectomy and membranectomy became safer. We also developed ab interno iridectomy combined with pars plicata cataract surgery using the miniphage or wide-angle cutter vitrophage. By this new technique, angle closure glaucoma was prevented without excessive vitrectomy. Neither major intraoperative nor postoperative complications were encountered. PMID- 6530843 TI - Bilateral resection and reconstruction of internal jugular vein for thyroid carcinoma. AB - Two patients with thyroid carcinoma infiltrating bilateral internal jugular veins were treated. In reconstruction of the internal jugular vein by implantation of an autogenous venous segment or Gore-Tex artificial vessel, the repaired area soon became obstructed. The repaired area with the Impra-Flex artificial vessel became obstructed again one month after the implantation. In the reconstruction by ipsilateral end-to-end anastomosis between the internal and external jugular veins, good circulation was apparent even 2 years after the operation. The internal-external jugular vein anastomosis is expected to increase the safety of single-stage bilateral excision of the internal jugular vein, as an adjunct to total thyroidectomy, in the surgical treatment of thyroid carcinoma. PMID- 6530844 TI - Surgical correction of pectus excavatum for adults and adolescents. AB - As an operative procedure for the correction of funnel chest in adult and adolescents, a strut method using AO-plates was used. All of the concaved parts of the sternum, costae, and cartilages contributing to the formation of the deformity were osteotomized to mobilize and elevate the deformed part. A vertical plate was used for fixation of the transected sternum, and three transverse plates were used as the portions which are curved appropriately to remodel the reconstructing chest wall. These plates were removed twelve to eighteen months after implantation. To date, thirty-one patients have undergone this repair. For the first eight, a single transverse plate was used, however, re-retraction of the region around the transverse plate became evident in the long term follow-up. Therefore, two or three plates were inserted for an improvement. When three transverse plates were used, retraction at the costal arch was relieved. Although a second operation is required to removal of the plates, we hold the view that this is the most effective operative procedure for the correction of funnel chest in adults and adolescents. PMID- 6530845 TI - Blunt injury of duodenum with avulsion of papilla of Vater--report of a case. AB - In a 52-year-old man, there was a complete separation of the duodenum with avulsion of the papilla of Vater from the head of the pancreas due to blunt abdominal trauma. He was successfully treated by an anastomosis of the ampulla to the jejunum of a Roux-en Y limb, after removal of the entire duodenum and partial gastrectomy, followed by gastrojejunostomy of the Billroth II-type, instead of pancreaticoduodenectomy. The patient is well at 15 months after this surgery. PMID- 6530846 TI - Primary leiomyosarcoma of the lesser sac--report of a case. AB - A case of leiomyosarcoma arising in the lesser sac in a 64-year-old man is presented. A second operation was required because of local recurrence 6 years following the first operation. A review of the literature revealed that only eight cases of leiomyosarcoma arising in the lesser sac, including our case, were reported. Almost all of these patients had symptoms of abdominal pain or distension. The tumor tended to grow to a large size and about 90 percent were over 10 cm in the maximal diameter. The prognosis of these series was poor and our own patient seems to be the second 5 year survivor. PMID- 6530847 TI - Effects of postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy on liver regeneration in partially hepatectomized rats. AB - Five-fluorouracil (5-FU) was given to rats at various periods following two thirds hepatectomy and the effects of this drug on the regenerating liver were investigated. In one group of rats, two-thirds hepatectomy was carried out (Group I). In four other groups, 20 mg/kg 5-FU was given intravenously three times: 0, 24, 48 hours (Group II); 12, 36, 60 hours (Group III); 24, 48, 72 hours (Group IV); and 3, 4, 5 days (Group V) after the same operation. The peaks of DNA synthesis and mitoses of liver cells were noted on the first postoperative day in Groups I, IV and V. Persistent suppression and delay of DNA synthesis was induced in Groups II and III, while in Group IV, DNA synthesis and liver cell divisions were suppressed temporarily after the drug administration but recovered thereafter. There was no significant suppression in Group V. The serum albumin levels and survival rates paralleled the DNA synthesis. These results indicate that in case of postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy, great care must be directed to the time when DNA synthesis and mitosis of hepatocytes have not yet reached their peaks, because adjuvant chemotherapy in this period may be life threatening. PMID- 6530848 TI - Circulating immune complexes in gastric cancer patients and their effect on lymphocyte mitogenesis (the first report). AB - Immune complexes (IC) were measured in 66 gastric cancer patients, using the 3.5 percent polyethylene glycol (PEG) precipitation method. Preoperatively, the IC values in patients with advanced gastric cancer (stages III and IV) were significantly higher than in normal subjects (p less than 0.01). In the presence of 3.5 percent PEG-precipitated IC from sera of gastric cancer patients, the mitogen responses of normal peripheral blood lymphocytes was inhibited; the PHA response revealed a significant negative correlation with the concentration of IC (p less than 0.01). Our data suggest that IC may be a major serum factor exerting immunosuppressive effect in cancer hosts. PMID- 6530849 TI - [Functional structure and abnormalities of the cilia of the airway]. PMID- 6530850 TI - [Development of an image analysis system using a line type charge coupled device and analysis of early pulmonary carcinoma]. PMID- 6530851 TI - [Diagnosis of pleural effusion by biochemical parameters]. PMID- 6530852 TI - [Estimation of regional ventilation by Xe-133 washout method--effect of expiratory loading for regional ventilation in patients with chronic pulmonary emphysema]. PMID- 6530853 TI - [Treatment of interstitial pneumonia in autoimmune mice with cyclosporin A]. PMID- 6530854 TI - [Effect of indomethacin on leukotriene-induced contractile responses in guinea pig trachea and lung parenchyma strips]. PMID- 6530855 TI - [Phase analysis of cardiogenic oscillations on the simultaneous washout curves of He and N2]. PMID- 6530856 TI - [Evaluation of mucociliary clearance mechanisms by radioaerosol inhalation lung scintigraphy--effect of oral bromhexine]. PMID- 6530857 TI - [A case of sarcoidosis with multiple pulmonary cavities]. PMID- 6530859 TI - [Atypical measles pneumonia in a young adult female]. PMID- 6530858 TI - [A case of dorsal vascular murmur after treatment of pleuritis carcinomatosa]. PMID- 6530860 TI - [A case of allergic broncho-pulmonary aspergillosis due to Asp. oryzae and its subtype]. PMID- 6530861 TI - [An autopsy case of Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome with diffuse interstitial pneumonia (Davies-Tuddenham syndrome)--marked ceroid-like granule deposition in the renal proximal tubular epithelia]. PMID- 6530862 TI - [Acute exacerbation in idiopathic interstitial pneumonia]. PMID- 6530863 TI - [A case of asbestosis with recurrent bloody pleural effusion]. PMID- 6530864 TI - [Possible congenital tracheal stenosis in a 60-year-old female]. PMID- 6530865 TI - [A case of pneumonitis possibly due to isocyanate in an automobile painter]. PMID- 6530866 TI - [A case of cholesterol pneumonitis]. PMID- 6530867 TI - [Endoscopic analysis of peripheral airway lesions]. PMID- 6530868 TI - [Applications of aerosol inhalation cine-scintigraphy--clinical investigations of mucociliary transport]. PMID- 6530869 TI - [Clinical application of a capacitance pneumograph]. PMID- 6530870 TI - [Comparative studies on quantitative evaluation of the hypoxic ventilatory response]. PMID- 6530872 TI - [26th meeting of the Japan Society of Smooth Muscles. Okayama, 15-16 July 1984. II. Abstracts]. PMID- 6530871 TI - [Morphological studies on intra-parenchymal canal system and proximal bronchus in patients with bronchial asthma by selective alveolo-bronchography--with respect to the effects of epinephrine]. PMID- 6530873 TI - Dexamethasone suppression test in affective and other psychiatric disorders. PMID- 6530874 TI - Latent hypernephroma. PMID- 6530875 TI - Monocyte-mediated cytotoxicity on bladder cancer cells in vitro and its implication in the treatment of bladder cancer patients with bacillus Calmette Guerin. PMID- 6530876 TI - Mechanism of augmentation of natural cytotoxicity by human beta-interferon. PMID- 6530877 TI - [Tuberculosis epidemic in a nursery school]. PMID- 6530878 TI - [Pleuropneumonectomy for the treatment of chronic thoracic empyema]. PMID- 6530879 TI - [Mycobacteria from dusts of Japanese houses]. PMID- 6530880 TI - [Pulmonary granuloma and alveolitis--common morphology and different histogenesis]. PMID- 6530881 TI - [Congenital disorders of the oculomotor system among our cases. I. Stilling-Turk Duane syndrome and Mobius' syndrome]. PMID- 6530882 TI - [Congenital disorders of the oculomotor system among our cases. Brown's syndrome and Marcus-Gunn synkinesis]. PMID- 6530883 TI - [Congenital ophthalmoplegia. Methods and results of surgical treatment]. PMID- 6530884 TI - [Malocclusion in children with strabismus and selected congenital syndromes]. PMID- 6530885 TI - [Asymmetry of eyeball insertion of the median and lateral rectus muscles and its significance for the function of these muscles in strabismus]. PMID- 6530886 TI - [Suggested surgical procedure in a case of asymmetry of eyeball insertion of the median and lateral rectus muscles in strabismus]. PMID- 6530887 TI - [Modification of the operation on the horizontal rectus muscles depending on the differences between the angles of strabismus and distant and near vision]. PMID- 6530888 TI - [Treatment of strabismus in adults and adolescents]. PMID- 6530889 TI - Metabolic fate of low density lipoprotein and high density lipoprotein labeled with an ether analogue of cholesteryl ester. AB - Low density lipoprotein (LDL) metabolism by human skin fibroblasts was studied using LDL labeled with a nonhydrolyzable cholesteryl ether analogue, 3H cholesteryl linoleyl ether (CLE). The 3H-CLE-LDL was taken up by the apo-B, E receptor mediated endocytosis similar to 125I-labeled LDL. This was shown by saturation kinetics of uptake with respect to 3H-CLE-LDL concentration and very low uptake of 3H-CLE-LDL by receptor negative cell strains. When injected (CE) LDL were cleared at equal rates and about 30% of the injected LDL was recovered in the liver. Treatment with ethinyl estradiol resulted in a three-fold increase in 3H-CLE-LDL uptake by the liver. The liver is also the major site of uptake of 3H-CLE-high density lipoprotein (HDL) (40%-45% of the injected dose) but its uptake by the liver increased only by 20% with estradiol treatment. As 3H-CLE-HDL was cleared from the circulation at a somewhat faster rate than 125I-HDL it appeared that some dissociation in the tissue uptake of the protein and CE moieties occurs. PMID- 6530890 TI - Does benzbromarone in therapeutic doses raise renal excretion of oxipurinol? AB - Twenty male hyperuricaemic patients with normal kidney function were studied and it was found that the serum concentrations and excretions rates in the 24-hour urine of allopurinol and oxipurinol do not differ significantly after 9 days of oral treatment with either 300 mg allopurinol or a combination of 300 mg allopurinol and 60 mg benzbromarone daily. The sum of the excretion rates of the two pyrazolopyrimidines in the 24-hour urine represents 80.9% and 77.1%, respectively of the daily dose of allopurinol given alone or in combination with benzbromarone. As expected, the hypouricaemic effect of the combined therapy turned out to be stronger than that observed after monotherapy with allopurinol, due to the uricosuric component of benzbromarone. The difference was found to be highly significant. PMID- 6530892 TI - Effect of prolonged deprivation on attribution of causes of success and failure. PMID- 6530891 TI - Lactobacillus plantarum endocarditis. AB - Subacute bacterial endocarditis developed in a 30-year-old male with rheumatic valve disease. The causative organism was identified as Lactobacillus plantarum. After three different antibiotic regimens had failed to control the infection, surgical replacement of the affected valve was curative. PMID- 6530893 TI - Decision making within health care regulation subcommittees. PMID- 6530894 TI - The great androgyny myth: sex roles and mental health in the community at large. PMID- 6530896 TI - Statistically sophisticated subjects' perceptions of the health risks of smoking. PMID- 6530895 TI - Anxiety, ability, and academic achievement. PMID- 6530897 TI - Non-traumatic chylothorax associated with diffuse lymphatic dysplasia. PMID- 6530898 TI - Unusual chylolymphedema of congenital origin. PMID- 6530899 TI - Indirect lymphography of the breast with iotasul: a vanishing hope? AB - Using a new aqueous nonionic contrast medium (Iotasul, Schering) we attempted visualization of axillary lymph nodes in patients with breast carcinoma. Intradermal infusion into the areola consistently opacified the subareolar plexus and latero-cranial lymphatic trunk. Axillary nodes were visualized in 78.6% of patients, but only 5.7% of surgically excised nodes were partially or totally opacified. Eleven patients underwent axillary lymph node dissection and histology confirmed metastases in 4, of which only two were detected by lymphography. Breast lymphography is inadequate for routine clinical application, and radical axillary dissection remains the mainstay for documentation of nodal metastases. PMID- 6530900 TI - The distribution of an oil-based corticosteroid following intralymphatic infusion. AB - Following infusion of tritium labeled clobetasol propionate in Ultrafluid Lipidol (UFL) into a right hind limb lymphatic of rabbits, the radioactivity levels in various tissues at intervals up to 28 days were determined by liquid scintillation counting. There was a rapid decline in activity in the right popliteal node over the first three days due to early bloodstream absorption. From three to 28 days radioactivity levels were consistently higher in the right popliteal node and lung than in other tissues sampled. This distribution suggests that there is an affinity between clobetasol and the lipidol vehicle which retards (but does not prevent) free diffusion of this agent out of lymphatic tissues. Thus, while permitting generalized perfusion of tissues by clobetasol propionate, intralymphatic infusion maximizes its initial concentration and duration of activity within specific node groups and, therefore, may be useful in certain patients with primary lymphedema where lymph nodes affected by fibrosis constitute a major site of obstruction. PMID- 6530901 TI - Topography of intrarenal lymphatics. AB - The intrarenal topography of lymph vessels injected with India ink was examined in 32 canine kidneys. In the upper portion of the renal cortex most lymphatics were associated with subcapsular veins and tubules. In the cortical midportion lymphatics were generally aligned with interlobular arteries and veins, glomeruli, and tubules. These lymphatics commonly encircled interlobular arteries and formed an interconnecting plexus adjacent to glomeruli. In the lower portion (i.e., corticomedullary zone), renal lymphatics passed between loops of Henle and collecting tubules. PMID- 6530902 TI - Fate of superoxide dismutase in mice following oral route of administration. AB - Superoxide dismutase (SOD) is being sold in the United States under a "false" claim that ingesting SOD pills would prolong the longevity and eliminate needless old age sufferings. We have studied the bioavailability of both radiolabeled [65Zn]-superoxide dismutase (purified) and crude SOD (pills dissolved in normal saline) after intubation of the enzyme into mice. Most of the radioactivity was found to be associated with the fecal material, and feeding SOD (pills) did not affect the plasma and liver levels of SOD. Based on the data collected in the present study, we conclude that SOD taken orally in any form would impart little beneficial effect in controlling the aging process. PMID- 6530903 TI - Appearance of 170,000 dalton phosphoprotein in rat cells transformed by the adenovirus E1A gene. AB - A highly phosphorylated protein with a molecular size of 170,000 daltons (170K phosphoprotein) was detected in the membrane fraction of HY1 cells transformed by E1A gene but not of the normal rat 3Y1-B cells. Phosphorylation was not dependent on cyclic nucleotides but required divalent metal ion. The major phosphorylated amino acid was phosphoserine. This 170K phosphoprotein was not observed in the membrane fractions of 3Y1 cells transformed by SV40, polyoma, and B77. These results suggest that appearance of the 170K phosphoprotein is related to the function of adenoviral E1A gene. PMID- 6530904 TI - The immunomodulatory property of a novel synthetic compound adamantylamide dipeptide. AB - The adjuvant effect of a novel synthetic compound adamantylamide dipeptide (AdDP) was tested in a model of delayed hypersensitivity to ovalbumin in guinea pigs, and of immunostimulatory activity in the experiments with 3H thymidine where DNA biosynthesis was measured in several immunocompetent organs after administration of adamantylamide dipeptide. In both tests, the compound proved to be active since delayed hypersensitivity was potentiated and a marked increase in the utilization of 3H thymidine in liver, thymus and spleen has been observed. The novel compound appeared to be devoid of other effects of MDP such as pyrogenicity and arthritogenicity. PMID- 6530905 TI - Antimicrotubular effects of ethacrynic acid. AB - Ethacrynic acid is a well known diuretic drug. We present here evidence that this compound is also an antimicrotubular agent which inhibits the brain tubulin polymerization and can displace 3H colchicine from its binding site. Since 2 mercaptoethanol reversibly inhibits the anti-microtubular properties, we conclude that ethacrynic acid binds covalently to brain tubulin through a cysteine near the colchicine site. PMID- 6530906 TI - Binding of colchicine to beef brain tubulin: influence of methodology on binding constants. AB - We have evaluated the effects that methodology (incubation time, concentration of beef brain tubulin) have on the measurement of the interaction of tubulin with colchicine. The results show that, with DEAE filter paper assay, binding is maximal for 3 hr of incubation at 37 degrees C, and for low concentrations of tubulin (0.05 mg/ml). In these conditions binding constants determined with SCATCHARD plot are: constant of dissociation (KD) of complex tubulin-colchicine equal to 9.8 X 10(-7) M and stechiometry equal to 0.57 mole of colchicine bound for 1 mole of tubulin dimer. Competition of drugs with colchicine binding site may be evaluated with this methodology. IC50 and affinity constants (Ki) of podophyllotoxin, a competitive inhibitor of colchicine-binding determined with these experimental conditions were 1.3 X 10(-6) M and 1.1 X 10(-6) M, respectively. PMID- 6530907 TI - The effects of morphine and nalbuphine on intestinal transit in mice. AB - In the present study, the effects of morphine, a predominant mu-receptor agonist, and nalbuphine, a partial agonist supposedly acting on x-receptors, on intestinal motility were studied. The intestinal motility was measured by the transit of charcoal meal through the small intestine in mice. Morphine caused a dose dependent slowing of the rate of intestinal transit in mice. This inhibitory effect of morphine was antagonised by naloxone administration. Nalbuphine also caused a dose-dependent inhibition of intestinal motility; the inhibition was less and showed a low-level plateau response, with a maximum of 40% inhibition. The effect of nalbuphine was antagonised by naloxone, but the antagonism was far less than that against morphine. Pretreatment with a single dose of morphine did not induce any change in the inhibitory effect of a second dose of morphine given four hours later. However, naloxone was more effective in antagonising the inhibitory effect of morphine in morphine-pretreated mice than in saline pretreated animals. Pretreatment with morphine did not affect the inhibitory effect of nalbuphine, and the antagonistic potency of naloxone against nalbuphine was only marginally enhanced. Pretreatment with nalbuphine failed to alter the inhibitory effect of morphine as well as that of nalbuphine. Furthermore, nalbuphine pretreatment also had no effect on the antagonistic potency of naloxone against the inhibitory effects of nalbuphine and morphine on intestinal transit. These findings suggest that x-receptors are not important in the inhibitory effects of narcotic analgesics on intestinal transit and that a mu receptor agonist is more effective in inducing enhancement of the antagonistic effect of naloxone. PMID- 6530908 TI - Reappraisal of the barbiturate sleeping time in mice as predictive tool for the detection of liver enzymes inhibiting drugs. AB - Inhibition of hepatic drug metabolizing enzymes is an important cause of clinically relevant drug interactions. A close correlation was found between influence of pentobarbital-induced sleeping time in outbred Swiss mice and hepatic drug metabolism in man for several established inhibitors, i.e. chloramphenicol, cimetidine, idrocilamide, isoniazid, metronidazole, miconazole and triacetyloleandomycin, and control drugs, i.e. baclofen, ranitidine and spiramycin. Provided that room temperature is carefully controlled, barbiturate sleeping time is a simple, inexpensive and reproducible predictive tool for the experimental detection of pharmacological agents likely to inhibit hepatic drug metabolism. PMID- 6530909 TI - The simultaneous determination of five anti-epileptic drugs in plasma by high performance liquid chromatography. AB - A high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method is described for the simultaneous determination in plasma of carbamazepine, ethosuximide, phenobarbitone, phenytoin and primidone. The procedure involved the preliminary extraction of the drugs and the internal standard (hexobarbitone) into a mixture of organic solvents at pH 2. The dried extract was dissolved in methanol and 25 microliter of the concentrate was injected into a liquid chromatograph linked to a reverse-phase column. The drugs and internal standard were eluted from the column by a mixture of methanol and water, as the mobile phase, and detected with a UV spectrophotometer at 204 nm. This HPLC assay, which required 0.5 ml of plasma, was used to determine anti-epileptic drugs levels in 136 mentally handicapped children suffering from epilepsy. Comparison between different batches of assays showed that recovery of the drugs from plasma varied from 60 to 98% and with a coefficient of variance between 3.8 to 9.8%. Detection limit of the method ranged from 2 micrograms ml-1 for primidone, to 1 microgram ml-1 for the remainder of the anti-epileptic drugs. PMID- 6530910 TI - Cardiac performance measured by impedance cardiography and radionuclide angiography. AB - Impedance cardiography is used for non-invasive determinations of stroke volume and myocardial oxygen balance predicted from diastolic Pressure Time Index (DPTI) as an estimation of oxygen supply and Systolic Pressure Time Index (SPTI) as an estimation of oxygen demand. The model which is described assesses the cardiac performance and is compared with previously known methods. In recent years the radionuclide technique for measurement of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) has increased. A comparison has been made between impedance cardiography and the radionuclide angiography technique in order to determine the value of impedance cardiography during rapid changes in cardiac performance. Further previous studies have shown a good relationship between the values for impedance stroke volume and the thermodilution technique, and a very high correlation after individual analysis. The method should be suitable for relative measurements of stroke volume; however, the method appears of little value for estimation of absolute values. Our group has shown a fairly good correlation in cardiac performance in a comparative study between impedance cardiography and radionuclide angiography during prenalterol infusion. In conclusion, impedance cardiography is a method which simultaneously gives information about variations in cardiac stroke volume. Additional information is gained from the DPTI/SPTI - ratio, which can assess the myocardial oxygen balance and signify subendocardial underperfusion. The method may be considered as a valuable monitoring tool for repeated determinations of myocardial function. PMID- 6530911 TI - Generalized epilepsy induced by kainic acid and anticonvulsant effect of N aminomethylpiperazine-3,3-diethyl-2,4-pyridinedione. AB - Systemic administration of kainic acid in rats (30 mg/kg s.c.) and cats (5 mg/kg i.p.) produced after a definite period (30 to 60 min) secondary generalized seizures occurring first in the limbic structures (amygdala and hippocampus). The effect of N-aminomethylpiperazine-3,3-diethyl-2,4-pyridinedione (DKMP) at a dose of 100 mg/kg i.v. was evaluated on the background of developed kainic epilepsy. In rats, DKMP inhibited kainic clonic and tonic seizures and 100% of the animals survived. The drug was ineffective against limbic seizures. In cats, DKMP strongly suppressed the cortical EEG paroxysmal activity and slightly influenced the limbic one. The present data contribute to the knowledge of the anticonvulsive activity of DKMP, showing it to be a promising antiepileptic drug with mainly cortical action. PMID- 6530912 TI - What is bioavailability? Philosophy of bioavailability testing. AB - Bioavailability is viewed by many as a criterion of clinical effectiveness. FDA regulations recognize measurements of pharmacologic responses and clinical effectiveness as sufficing bioavailability. However, most or practically all bioavailability studies are based on blood level or urinary excretion data. Unless explicitly correlated, blood level and urinary excretion data do not per se reflect clinical effectiveness. Clinical effectiveness is so complex (disease states, nutritional status) and the factors influencing absorption so numerous (food intake, circadian rhythm, age, etc.) that a test in a small sample size can only be regarded as a biologic quality control test under specified conditions. The problem of evaluation of raw data by various pharmacokinetic methods is also addressed in this paper. PMID- 6530913 TI - A general approach to T1, T2, and spin-density discrimination sensitivities in NMR imaging sequences. AB - Previous specific empirical studies and computer simulations show convincing evidence for superior sensitivity in imaging T1 differences (T1-discrimination) by the simple saturation-recovery NMR sequence above all other common sequences. This occurs under optimum conditions where system repetition time is shorter than commonly employed in most currently recommended NMR sequences. This paper presents a general theory of discrimination sensitivity; its application to the human subject shows that the specific empirical results must, in general, be true in all cases. This occurs because all functional forms entering the NMR relaxation modulations of imaged-magnetization (in the current sequences) are the same exponential-function. Moreover, density-discrimination and T2-discrimination are optimized by short repetition times just as for T1-discrimination; the lower limit is a T2-controlled data-window constraint not treated in previous descriptions. These results have significant practical consequences for NMR scanner design. PMID- 6530914 TI - Contrast manipulation in NMR imaging. AB - The past few years have shown rapid growth of NMR imaging in both image quality and diagnostic usefulness. It has become apparent, as the images have been published, that both inter- and intra-group imaging of the same underlying pathology produces images which can have vastly differing appearance. This effect is mainly due to imaging techniques which use different pulse sequence types and timings thus varying the relative contribution of the protpn density, T1, and T2 properties of the tissues. In this paper we investigate the contrast manipulation effects and methods for SNR optimization for the saturation recovery, inversion recovery, spin echo, and inversion recovery spin echo pulse sequences when applied to three clinically relevant imaging tasks. PMID- 6530915 TI - The dependence of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) image contrast on intrinsic and pulse sequence timing parameters. AB - In Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) the image pixel value is governed by at least three major intrinsic parameters: the spin density N (H), the spin-lattice relaxation time T1, and the spin-spin relaxation time T2. The extent to which the signal is weighted toward one or several parameters is related to the history of the spin system preceding detection. On the simplifying, though not generally warranted assumption that the spin density does not vary significantly in soft tissues, relative tissue contrast can be predicted quantitatively provided the relaxation times are known. Signal intensities and contrast were computed on the basis of the Bloch equations and experimentally determined relaxation times as a function of pulse timing parameters and the data compared with those in images recorded at 0.5T field strength. Significant deviations from the equal density hypothesis were found for gray and white substance. Notably partial saturation but also spin echo and inversion-recovery images are not in full accordance with predictions made on the basis of relaxation times alone. PMID- 6530917 TI - Effect of nuclear magnetic resonance on chromosomes of mouse bone marrow cells. AB - Three groups of six male Balb/c mice, subjected to 30 MHz continuous wave NMR exposure in a static magnetic field of 7.05 K Gauss for one hour, were each compared to another group of ten unexposed mice with respect to chromatid and chromosomal aberrations. The exposed groups were sacrificed at two hours, 24 hours and 48 hours following NMR exposure respectively. Control mice were sacrificed 24 hours after sham-exposure. All groups had approximately 0.02 apparent aberrations per cell. These apparent aberrations were in the form of metacentric chromosomes, possibly resulting from a union of chromosomes at their centromeres or possibly simply chromosomes in association. The results are consistent with earlier in vitro findings that NMR exposure causes no adverse cytogenetic effects. PMID- 6530918 TI - Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) imaging in the diagnosis of spinal osteomyelitis. AB - Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Imaging (NMR) was performed on two patients whose clinical radiograph and bone scanning suggested spinal osteomyelitis before and after successful antimicrobial therapy. The images obtained suggest that NMR may be more useful in the diagnosis of this condition than other conventional imaging techniques. Hitherto NMR has not been considered particularly useful for the diagnosis of bone disease. This may be true for cortical bone, from which no signal is obtained using the NMR technique, but for medullary bone it appears to be a potentially useful, non-invasive and safe method of diagnosis. PMID- 6530916 TI - Enhanced T1 differentiation between normal and dystrophic muscles. AB - Proton spin-lattice relaxation times (T1) of pectoralis major muscles from normal (Line 412) and homozygous dystrophic (Line 413) chicks was measured by FONAR QED 80 at 1.69 MHz. The T1 values of dystrophic muscles (216.8 +/- 17.3 ms) was two fold higher than those of normal muscles (110.2 +/- 8.1 msec). When these values were compared with the T1 values obtained at high frequencies (20 MHz and 32 MHz), the T1 differentiation between normal and dystrophic muscles was considerably enhanced at 1.69 MHz. Based on these results, we suggest that the high resolution of T1 obtained at low frequency (1.69 MHz) could be effectively used to detect the degenerative processes in muscles by the NMR techniques. PMID- 6530919 TI - Relaxation enhancement using liposomes carrying paramagnetic species. AB - Studies were performed to investigate the effects upon the relaxation times of mouse organs of intravenously administered Mn-DTPA entrapped in multilamellar liposomes, Mn-DTPA, 0.9% NaCl entrapped in liposomes, 0.9% NaCl. Manganese concentrations in injectates and tissues were assessed with 54Mn and atomic absorption. T1 and T2 of freshly excised tissues were measured in an NMR spectrometer at 20 MHz and 37% C with IR and CPMG sequences. Entrapment of Mn DTPA in liposomes increased 54Mn accumulation in liver by 207% and in spleen 1208% and reduced 54Mn in heart by 20% and in kidney by 24% relative to free Mn DTPA. Statistically significant increases in relaxation rates were produced. However, the increase in relaxation rate per unit concentration of Mn in tissue is reduced by 31% in liver and 62% in spleen when Mn is delivered inside liposomes. These observations have implications for the design of NMR contrast agents. PMID- 6530920 TI - A computer algorithm for the simulation of any nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) imaging method. AB - More than a dozen Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) imaging methods have been described using different radio-frequency pulse sequences, magnetic field gradient variations, and data processing. In order to have a theoretical understanding in the most general case, we have conceived a computer program for the simulation of NMR imaging techniques. The algorithm uses the solution of the Bloch equations at each point of a simulated object. The direction of every elementary magnetic moment is computed at each instant, and stored in an array giving the global signal to be processed, whatever the pulse and gradient sequence. To test the validity of this program, we have simulated some well-known experimental results. Some applications are presented which contribute to the understanding of image distortions and to techniques such as selective radio frequency pulse or oscillating gradients. This program can be used to unravel physical and technological causes of image distortions, to have a "microscopic" look at any parameter of an experiment, and to study the contrast given by various NMR imaging techniques as a function of the three NMR parameters, i.e., the hydrogen nuclei density rho and the relaxation times T1 and T2. PMID- 6530922 TI - Glossary of NMR terms. American College of Radiology, Subcommittee on NMR Nomenclature and Phantom Development. PMID- 6530923 TI - Potential hazards of NMR imaging. No evidence of the possible effects of static and changing magnetic fields on cardiac function of the rat and guinea pig. AB - Clinical proton NMR imaging uses magnetic field strengths in the range 0.1 to 0.5 T. In addition to the large static magnetic field, patients are exposed to magnetic field gradients during imaging and under extreme conditions, such as power failure or quenching, the field may collapse precipitously. A potential source of hazard to patients under these conditions is the induction of thoracic currents which may trigger ventricular fibrillation. In the present experiments, a 0.16 T resistive magnet with a time constant of 60 ms, powered by a programmable power supply, was used to examine any possible effects of static and changing magnetic field on the ECG and arterial blood pressure of anesthetized rats and guinea pigs. Animals were exposed to the following field conditions: static fields of 0.16 T; sine, triangular, and square wave modulated fields from 0.1 to 2 Hz; rapid field switches in excess of 2.0 T/s for 25 ms timed to occur at different stages of the cardiac cycle, including the vulnerable period during ventricular repolarization; and AC fields of 50 Hz. No change was observed in the blood pressure, heart rate, or ECG under any of the field conditions examined. PMID- 6530921 TI - Relaxation times and NMR signals. AB - The strength of signals in magnetic resonance imaging (and the resulting image contrast) depends not just on the number density of the nuclei being detected, but also on the relaxation times, T1 and T2. The relationship of signal strength to relaxation time depends on the particular choice of pulse sequences used to produce the signals. The effects of the T1 relaxation time on signal strength are discussed for the commonly used imaging techniques "partial saturation" and "inversion recovery." Production of spin echos and the effect of the T2 relaxation time on spin-echo signal strength are also discussed. PMID- 6530924 TI - Characterization of proton NMR relaxation times in normal and pathological tissues by correlation with other tissue parameters. AB - To help understand which tissue parameters best account for the water proton NMR relaxation times, the longitudinal relaxation time (T1), the transverse relaxation time (T2), and the water content of 16 tissues from normal adult rats were measured at 10.7 MHz and 29 degrees C. Regression analyses between the above and other tissue parameters were performed. These other tissue parameters included: the amounts of various organic and inorganic components, protein synthetic rate, oxygen consumption rate, and morphological composition. In addition, the differences in T1, T2, and water content values between normal liver and malignant tumor (Morris #7777 a transplantable hepatoma) were studied to help understand how a disease state can be detected and characterized by NMR spectroscopy. The results of this study and information from the literature allow the following generalizations to be made about tissue T1 and T2 values: (1) Each normal tissue has rather consistent and characteristic T1 and T2 relaxation times which are always shorter than the T1 and T2 of bulk water; (2) tissues with higher water content tend to have longer T1 relaxation times; (3) tissue T2 values are not, however, as well correlated with water content as T1 values; (4) tissues with shorter T1 values have higher calculated hydration fractions, greater amounts of rough endoplasmic reticulum, and a greater rate of protein synthetic activity; (5) tissues with higher lipid content, associated with intracellular non-membrane bounded lipid droplets, tend to have longer T2 values; (6) tissues with greater overall surface area, whether in the form of cellular membranes or intracellular or extracellular fibrillar macromolecules, tend to have shorter T2 values; (7) the differences between T1 and T2 values between tumor and normal tissues correlated with differences in the volume fraction (amounts) of extracellular fluid volumes and in the amounts of membrane and fibrillar surface area in the cells. The above generalizations should be useful in predicting T1 and T2 changes associated with specific tissue pathologies. PMID- 6530925 TI - Nuclear magnetic resonance pulse sequence and discrimination of high- and low-fat tissues. AB - Signal size compared to independently measured T1 is described for various pulse sequences on the Aberdeen Mk II nuclear magnetic resonance imager. The ability of these sequences to discriminate between certain tissue types, and in particular between adipose tissue and muscle, is discussed. Inversion recovery, with a t interval of 200 ms, gives the best discrimination for this purpose, with a contrast ratio of 6 between fat and muscle. Other image types, and especially T1, give better contrast for low-lipid soft tissue such as liver and spleen. PMID- 6530926 TI - Optimizing tissue contrast in magnetic resonance imaging. AB - Magnetic resonance imaging demands that tissue contrast and signal-to-noise advantages be sought in each component of the imaging system. One component of magnetic resonance imaging in which contrast and signal-to-noise ratios are easily manipulated is in the choice of pulse sequences and interpulse delay times. This article provides a general method for determining the best choices of interpulse delay times in pulse sequences and applies that method to saturation recovery, inversion recovery, and spin-echo sequences. Saturation recovery and inversion recovery sequences with rephasing pulses, and tissues with unequal hydrogen densities are considered. Optimization of pulse sequences is carried out for the two distinct cases of (a) a fixed number of sequence repetitions and (b) a fixed total imaging time. Analytic expressions are derived or approximate expressions are provided for the interpulse delay times that optimize contrast-to noise ratios in each pulse sequence. The acceptable range of interpulse delay times to obtain reasonable contrast using each pulse sequence is discussed. PMID- 6530927 TI - Proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of normal and edematous brain tissue in vitro: changes in relaxation during tissue storage. AB - Proton nuclear magnetic resonance relaxation times, T1 and T2, of water in unfixed gray and white matter from normal and edematous rabbit brain tissues were measured in vitro at 23 degrees C and 100 MHz to evaluate the effects of the temperature (-25 degrees C to 37 degrees C) and duration (0 to 96 h) of tissue storage on relaxation times. T1 and T2 tended to decrease during storage, probably from slow dehydration of the tissue. This effect was greatest in tissues stored at 37 degrees C and least in those stored at 4 and -25 degrees C; decreases in T1 and T2 were greater in white matter than in gray matter. Freezing brain tissue to -25 degrees C caused a sudden decrease in the T2 of normal white matter. Relaxation times were constant for 5 h in tissues stored at 23 degrees C and for 40 h at 4 degrees C. These results correlated well with corresponding tissue water loss. PMID- 6530928 TI - Influence of radiofrequency amplifier nonlinearities on nuclear magnetic resonance image quality. AB - The quality of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) image is degraded by a number of disturbing influences. In this article the influence of a nonlinear radiofrequency receiving amplifier is investigated. The effect of a cubic nonlinearity on the NMR signal is analyzed. Finally, the influence on the NMR image is studied for Fourier reconstruction techniques. As a result, the images are degraded by an additional term which is proportional to a parameter characterizing the nonlinearity. The additional term causes homogeneous objects to appear inhomogeneous and gives rise to image intensity outside the object. Under normal conditions the image degradation is negligible. PMID- 6530929 TI - Nuclear magnetic resonance diagnosis of an anaplastic astrocytoma. AB - A patient presented with an 8-month history of a progressive left homonymous visual field deficit, left hemiparesis, and a left thalamocortical sensory deficit that was not detectable by repeated conventional neurodiagnostic evaluations. Proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) imaging revealed a right parietal lesion characterized by a prolonged T2 (spin-spin relaxation time). At surgery, the mass proved to be an anaplastic astrocytoma. NMR appears to be more sensitive than x-ray computerized tomography scanning in some patients with malignant gliomas and offers the clinician an additional probe with which to evaluate these patients. PMID- 6530930 TI - Phase detection and contrast loss in magnetic resonance imaging. AB - Several recent articles have assessed the relative efficiency of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) pulse sequences. One consideration that has received little attention is the effect on image contrast of displaying images without information on the sign of the reconstructed signals. The radiofrequency receivers currently used on most NMR imaging systems are quadrature detectors that preserve both the magnitude and sign of the NMR signal. Usually, however, sign or phase information is not used in the final image presentation. We point out that in imaging sequences that may have negative signals, such as inversion recovery, this loss of sign information produces a reduction in contrast between some tissues in an NMR image. We discuss the tissue parameters and interpulse delay times that result in contrast loss in inversion recovery and indicate the extent of contrast loss. We point out that for some tissues with unequal hydrogen spin densities, the region of contrast loss coincides with the region where maximum contrast would occur if sign information were preserved. PMID- 6530931 TI - Selection of pulse sequences producing maximum tissue contrast in magnetic resonance imaging. AB - The importance of spin density [N(H)] and spin-lattice (T1) and spin-spin (T2) relaxation in the characterization of tissue by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is clearly recognized. This work considers which optimized pulse sequences provide the best tissue discrimination between a given pair of tissues. The effects of tissue spin density and machine-imposed minimum rephasing echo times (TEMIN) for achieving maximum signal tissue contrast are discussed. A long TEMIN sacrifices T1-dependent contrast in saturation recovery (SR) and inversion recovery (IR) pulse sequences so that spin-echo (SE) becomes the optimum sequence to provide tissue contrast, due to T2 relaxation. Pulse sequences providing superior performance may be selected based on spin density and T1 and T2 ratios for a given pair of tissues. Selection of the preferred pulse sequence and interpulse delay times to produce maximum tissue contrast is strongly dependent on knowledge of tissue spin densities as well as T1 and T2 characteristics. As the spin density ratio increases, IR replaces SR as the preferred sequence and SE replaces IR and SR as the pulse sequence providing superior contrast. To select the optimal pulse sequence and interpulse delay times, an accurate knowledge of tissue spin density, T1 and T2 must be known for each tissue. PMID- 6530932 TI - Estimating patient dielectric losses in NMR imagers. AB - Dielectric losses in the patient may impair radiofrequency receiver coil sensitivity, and transmitter coil efficiency, in nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) imagers. The frequency dependence of this loss mechanism is derived. Patient losses in a solenoidal head coil used for imaging heads were simulated by a cylindrical saline phantom. The frequency dependence of the loss introduced by the phantom can indicate whether dielectric losses in the patient will be significant compared to eddy current losses. The detuning caused by the phantom is used to calculate an upper limit for the distributed stray capacitance between coil and patient. Given the approximate conductivity of the patient, an upper limit for the dielectric loss can be estimated. Some methods of reducing patient dielectric losses are suggested. PMID- 6530933 TI - The oral administration of MnCl2: a potential alternative to IV injection for tissue contrast enhancement in magnetic resonance imaging. AB - Mn+2 (as MnCl2) was administered to rabbits intravenously and orally (a route of administration which based upon our previous experiments in rats promises to give selective hepatobiliary enhancement with less systemic toxicity). Nuclear magnetic relaxation dispersion or T1 (NMRD) was performed on selected tissues (heart, liver, kidney, serum, and bile) in both animal groups to examine possible qualitative and semiquantitative differences in T1 relaxation at equivalent sacrifice times. One animal was given an oral dose of MnCl2 (620 micromoles/kg) and imaged sequentially (T1 weighted sequence, .12T) for 30 minutes. The NMRD curves for organ tissues show an increase in relaxation efficacy in the 10-20MHz range characteristic of Mn-macromolecular complexes and are similar irrespective of the route of administration. The lack of increased relaxation enhancement for bile in this frequency range reflects cleavage of this complex upon excretion. Decreased overall relaxation in the liver is observed when oral Mn+2 is compared to IV Mn+2 due to the small fraction of administered dose that is absorbed. However, the images document a significant increase in the intensity of liver signal after the oral dose. We suspect this dose may ultimately be adjusted downward to give selective hepatobiliary effects. PMID- 6530934 TI - Magnetic resonance imaging of the chest: a diagnostic comparison with computed tomography and hilar tomography. AB - Computed tomography (with and without contrast enhancement) provides excellent diagnostic accuracy for the evaluation of the chest. Oblique (55 degrees) and anteroposterior hilar tomography is accurate for the evaluation of hilar nodes and masses. Magnetic resonance techniques provide excellent differentiation of vascular and nonvascular structures and therefore should be useful in the hilum and mediastinum. Magnetic resonance imaging was used in 55 patients with known pathologic conditions in the mediastinum, hilum, and lungs to determine the accuracy and efficacy of this technique compared with computed and hilar tomography. The pathologic conditions included primary and metastatic neoplasms, benign masses, vascular abnormalities, and pulmonary nodules and infiltrates. Spatial resolution with magnetic resonance imaging is less than with computed tomography with our instrument (0.15 T resistive magnet). However, in the hilum and mediastinum, magnetic resonance imaging provided diagnostic information equal to that of computed tomography with contrast in 90% of patients. Vascular and nonvascular structures were more easily differentiated than with hilar tomography. Computed tomography was far superior in the evaluation of multiple pulmonary nodules. Lesions of the chest wall were better seen with magnetic resonance imaging because of the improved soft tissue contrast. PMID- 6530935 TI - Anoxia followed by hyperoxia: in vivo 31-P NMR of cat brain. AB - In vivo 31P NMR spectroscopy was performed on a cat brain subjected to an extended period of anoxia followed by restoration of oxygen. High energy phosphate spectra were continuously obtained and pH measured. Following the onset of anoxia, phosphocreatine and ATP peaks decreased with a concomitant increase in inorganic phosphate. Following 34 min ventilation on 100% N2, the animal was ventilated on 100% O2. The spectral content progressively changed, inorganic phosphate decreased and ATP increased with the spectrum closely resembling that of control. Our results suggest that the absence of NMR detectable ATP signal cannot be interpreted as an irreversable change in cellular metabolic function. PMID- 6530936 TI - Spatial or flow velocity phase encoding gradients in NMR imaging. AB - We describe time modulated field gradient sequences able to selectively phase encode spatial location or flow velocity in NMR Signals. Two flow conditions are presented: constant flow velocity and simple harmonic flow superposed on steady flow. In each case we show that specific modulated gradients are available in order to discriminate between stationary and mobile protons. The methods are presented in the one dimensional case. The advantages of the phase modulation for flow analysis are the following: the method is sensitive to flow direction, unaffected by the T2, and the stationary and flow parameters are quantifiable factors. PMID- 6530937 TI - Practical aspects involved in the design and set up of a 0.15 T, 6-coil resistive magnet, whole body NMR imaging facility. AB - Many technical and logistical questions must be addressed when planning the installation of an NMR imaging system. These considerations become particularly significant when the facility is being established within an existing medical center complex. This paper presents a report on the practical aspects and experience obtained in siting a 6-coil 0.15 T resistive magnet system. The topics discussed include: floor loading; ferromagnetic environment; the effect of iron on the magnet field strength and homogeneity characteristics; shimming procedures; temperature stability requirements; rf shielding; and effects of the magnetic field on common medical instrumentation and magnetic media. It was found that the field shift as a function of the distance of a steel mass from the center of the magnet exhibited an (1/r)5.2 +/- 0.5 to (1/r) 4.2 +/- 0.3 dependence for axial and radial positions respectively which, as expected, is somewhat weaker than the (1/r)6 dependence expected by point dipole approximations. Field distortions caused by the presence of ferromagnetic material in radial positions may be essentially fully compensated with first order transverse shim coils (most conveniently, the x and y imaging gradient coils could be used). Axially distributed material requires, in addition to first order z-gradient correction, higher order axial shim compensation. The temperature stability of the magnet system over the scan period must be better than 0.2 degrees C to insure that temperature-induced field fluctuations are less than the intrinsic static inhomogeneity: and, ideally, below 0.01 degrees C to reduce these fluctuations to less than those caused by power supply instability. PMID- 6530938 TI - [Automated analysis of vestibular nystagmus]. AB - The method of electronystagmogram (ENG) analysis by a computer is described. ENG signals received in the course of caloric or rotatory examinations are processed by a computer after tape recording and analog-to-digital converting. The algorithm allows main parameters of the nystagmic response to be computed in a more effective and powerful way as compared to non-computer methods. PMID- 6530939 TI - [Temporal and spectral characteristics of artefact signals and background bioelectrical activity]. AB - The time responses to artefacts of the extrabrain origin are analyzed. The shape, the mean duration, and the standard deviation for the artefacts durations over several frequency ranges are established. PMID- 6530940 TI - [Automatic recognition of RR-intervals of sinus origin from real electrocardiographic signals]. AB - A simple decisive rule for classifying RR-intervals of electrocardiograms by two types, sinusoidal and anomalous, is deduced using the theory of pattern recognition. Parameters of the decisive rule according to the minimum of the Buyess probability of the classification error are selected. The algorithm may be realized with microprocessors and used in cardiac rhythm monitors. PMID- 6530941 TI - [Measurement of the radiation characteristics of roentgen diagnostic equipment]. AB - Dosimetry systems for evaluating radiation parameters over the X-ray diagnostic range and for documenting patient exposure doses are analyzed. In the general case the hardware for recording the complete set of parameters is proposed, and simplified versions for particular problems are also given. PMID- 6530942 TI - [Study of the movements of flexible endoscopes]. AB - Examinations of the intestinal tract by conventional clinical endoscopic methods have shown that in the course of observations colonoscopes are subjected to a greater load than esophagogastroscopes. The load is greater by a factor of 2.2 in a number of translational motions and by a factor of 4.4 in a number of rotatory motions. Control grips are subjected to 2.5 times as much load as esophagogastroscopic controls, and colonoscopic tube bending is 2.8 times greater than that of esophagogastroscope. PMID- 6530943 TI - [Economic and scientific and technical cooperation between the member countries of COMECON in the field of medical technology]. PMID- 6530944 TI - [Study of the bending and torsion rigidity of the flexible elements of endoscopes]. AB - The method and a special set for measuring the rigidity in bending and the torsion rigidity of flexible endoscopic elements under experimental and operating conditions are described. The set consists of the following components: a base, two racks, three removable holders, a height gauge, a set of weights, a set of inserts allowing flexible endoscopic pieces 4-16 mm in diameter to be fixed in the holder. Some experimental results are given. PMID- 6530945 TI - [Evaluation of the level of specialization in the medical instrument industry]. AB - Based on the definition of the essence of specialized industrial production necessary and sufficient system for determining the specialization level is suggested involving the following indices: density of a product in the total output of the production unit under study, density of the production unit in the total product output, the level of the product unification, and the level of the production optimality. PMID- 6530946 TI - [Evaluation of thermograms of the lower extremities using a thermovision image quantizer]. PMID- 6530947 TI - [Set of surgical instruments for use with "Scalpel-1" and "Romashka-1" laser equipment for inaccessible thoracic and abdominal surgery]. PMID- 6530948 TI - [System for automating primary examinations of the public in a polyclinic]. AB - Presented in the paper is an automated system for original examinations of population in a typical outpatient clinic. Main functional parameters and specifications are given. The system is capable of managing the data basis for the region with population of 50 000 inhabitants. PMID- 6530949 TI - [Toxic effect of carbon tetrachloride on the myocardium. II. Experimental part. B. Ultrastructure of the myocardium of rats in acute carbon tetrachloride poisoning]. AB - Rat's myocardium was examined. The tissue material was collected 3, 6 and 12 hours after carbon tetrachloride administration. The poison was administered by gastric tube in single dose of 0.6 ml/100 g of body weight. Electron microscopic examination revealed a reaction of endoplasmic reticulum damage to mitochondrium and myofibrils. PMID- 6530950 TI - Activity of rat blood cholinesterases following exposure of the animals to increased environmental temperature. AB - The acetylcholinesterase activity of erythrocytes was investigated and compared with cholinesterase activity of the blood plasma in rats exposed to elevated temperature of the environment. The rats were kept in a thermic chamber with regulated temperature, forced air flow and controlled moisture of 55-19%. The applied temperatures were 21 degrees C (control) and 28 degrees C or 37 degrees C. The rats were exposed once for 3, 6, 12 or 24 hours and repeatedly for six successive days, for six hours each day. Experiments were also performed to find whether previous exposure of the rats to raised temperature "sensities" acetylcholinesterase to the action of typical cholinesterases inhibitor (DFP). Arrhenius plots were determined for erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase of rats subjected for 6 hours to raised temperature. It was found that the activities of both enzymes undergo only slight changes in dependence on the temperature applied and the time of exposure. More pronounced changes in this activity were observed when the rats were subjected to 37 degrees C. This may have been connected with disturbance of the lipoprotein structure and with an increase of osmotic fragility of the erythrocytes. It was also noted that earlier exposure of the animals to raised environmental temperature "sensitises" the acetylcholinesterase of the erythrocytes to the action of the organophosphorus inhibitor in vivo. PMID- 6530951 TI - [Liver function tests and various biochemical parameters in the blood serum of workers chronically exposed to vinyl chloride]. AB - Forty-three persons chronically exposed to vinyl chloride were examined. In their blood serum activity of AlAT and AspAT aminotransferases, alkaline phosphatase, concentration of total protein and electrophoretic fraction, thymol test value, concentration of ferrum, latent and total ability of ferrum binding, and transferrin ferrum saturation coefficient were determined. In addition, determined were bromsulphtaleinic test and J-131 labelled Bengal red test; furthermore, protein synthesis index was determined, using the Se-75 labelled selenemethionine. The test group, as compared to correct values, exhibited a significant increase in Fe concentration in serum, significantly prolonged Bengal rose decay halftime in blood, and statistically significant decrease in the rate of plasma protein synthesis. The greatest percentage of pathological results was that of the index of protein synthesis rate (50%), T1/2 of CBJ-131 activity decay (39.5%), transferrin ferrum saturation coefficient (30.4%), concentration of Fe (26.1%) and gammaglobuline (24.3%) in serum. A considerable part of the reduced protein synthesis index in the test group of workers pointed to its usability for detecting early disturbances in liver functioning. PMID- 6530952 TI - [Erythrocyte protoporphyrin IX in occupational exposure to asbestos]. AB - Analysis of the dependence of protoporphyrin IX in erythrocytes upon non-exposed populations age. The study was performed in 246 persons (104 women and 142 men) who were not occupationally exposed to toxic agents. The women were aged 19-72, the men 19-76. The mean concentrations of protoporphyrin IX for those groups do not differ significantly. To test the dependence of protoporphyrin IX concentration upon age, the women and men were divided into three age subgroups: under 30, 31-40, and over 40. The statistical analysis indicated different distribution of mean protoporphyrin IX concentrations at those age intervals in both test groups, no significant difference between those values being found. Effects of asbestos upon protoporphyrin IX concentrations in erythrocytes in occupational exposure. Sixty three persons were examined (27 women and 36 men), workers of the Plant of Asbestos Seals and Products, "POLONIT", Lodz. The exposure lasted 1-35 years. Age intervals: women 25-64, men 25-63. The estimated mean protoporphyrin IX concentrations both for women (51.2 mg%) and men (47.6 mg%) differ significantly from the mean values of relevant control groups (39.3 and 37.6). In addition, ferrum concentration in serum and hemoglobin concentration in blood in the mentioned groups were analysed. All the findings were within the physiological values. PMID- 6530953 TI - [Psychomotor efficiency of persons chronically exposed to carbon disulfide. II]. AB - The study is aimed at the determination of CS2 effects upon selected indices of psychomotor efficiency, depending on the level of exposure to carbon disulphide and duration of employment. The study involved 250 viscose industry workers exposed to CS2 and 126 persons not exposed to toxic substances at work. The following tests and appliances were used: Eye-hand coordination test, Turner test for independent movement of two hands, reaction time meter, one-plate tapping, two-plate tapping and modified d'Heuyer and Baille's tests. A strict connection was found between the results obtained and length of employment in CS2 exposure. Most results were getting aggravated with time of employment. On the other hand, no significant differences in the level of indices in groups classified by different levels of exposure were found, though in many tasks a tendency towards results deterioration, with time of exposure, was found. The lack of significant differences was accounted for by the inability of evaluating the CS2 exposure throughout the whole occupational exposure period. PMID- 6530954 TI - [Permanent shift of auditory thresholds caused by continuous and impulse noise: comparative studies]. AB - The studies included two groups of workers, only men, of maximally similar structure of age and length of employment but different exposure conditions. 112 cotton weavers worked under continuous noise and 64 forgers under impulse noise. Noise measurements demonstrated that in both groups the equivalent levels were almost identical (101.8 dB-A in the weaving room and 100.4 dB-A at the forge). The permanent hearing threshold shift in both types of exposure was found to exhibit similar time course, developing within 10-15 years of exposure, then stabilizing, and reaching the asymptote within about 20 years. Despite the same dose of acoustic energy, the hearing impairment induced by impulse noise was greater and is characterized by the maximum loss at 6 kHz frequency, as opposed to the notch at 4 kHz typical of continuous noise. PMID- 6530955 TI - [Analysis of naphtha vapors in the air by gas chromatography]. AB - The paper is aimed at the development of a method for determining kerosene vapours in air by gas chromatography. Optimum parameters of kerosenes chromatographic separation and conditions for air sampling were determined. In addition, coefficient of the desorption of kerosene hydrocarbons from charcoal at which they were adsorbed, was determined. The quantitative interpretation of chromatograms was based on the measurement of the peak height of dodecane (C12), which constitutes 10.9% of the preparation mass per cent. The determinability of the method amounts to 60 mg/cm3 for kerosene vapours, with +/- 3,23% precision. PMID- 6530956 TI - [Colorimetric method of determining vinyl acetate in the air]. AB - The technique consists in that the air is passed through an impinger containing 10 cm3 of absorbing liquid (hydroxylamine alkaline solution), then a colorimetric reaction is induced by adding the ferric chloride solution in hydrochloric acid and absorption is measured at 510 mm wavelength. PMID- 6530957 TI - [Effect of mechanical vibrations and noise on creatine kinase activity in workers]. AB - In two groups of workers exposed to vibration and noise exceeding allowable standards within 3 to 30 years for over 4 hrs daily, the activity of creatine kinase-test enzyme for the diagnosis of muscular diseases and traumata was evaluated. Both in group I, composed of 74 workers aged 21-51 (38 on average) topically exposed to mechanical vibrations and noise, and in group II, composed of 45 workers aged 25-51 (37 on average), with topical or whole-body exposure to mechanical vibrations CPK was found to be significantly increased as compared to controls--26 workers carrying on medium (i.e. not very hard) work. In the group of 30 workers exposed to noise only, CPK values were comparable with the control group. CPK was increased irrespective of evident angioneurosis and duration of exposure. The obtained results indicate the advisability of applying the CPK activity investigation as an exposure test. PMID- 6530958 TI - [Expert testimony problems in vocational guidance of adolescents with diseases or disorders of the nervous system]. AB - The authoress analysed 102 neurological consultations of young people to determine the adaptability to professional training. The greatest diagnostic and certificatory problems were those with cases of paroxysmal loss consciousness revealed in anamnesis, past meningitis, head trauma and headaches. Very useful for the analysis appeared to be directed anamnesis, environment, survey, and thorough critical analysis of medical records. PMID- 6530959 TI - Effect of aponin, a substance from a green alga Nannochloris species, on the spore germination of two fungi. AB - Fungistasis which occurs in soil has also been reported to exist in seawater. Nannochloris sp. (Chlorophyta) found along the west coast of Florida, has been shown to elaborate a compound which is cytolytic towards Ptychodiscus brevis, the Florida red tide organism. Aponin, a chloroform extract containing the cytolytic compound or compounds, was tested on the spore germination of two fungi, Dendryphiella salina, a facultative marine organism and Curvularia sp. a terrestrial one. Aponin was stimulatory towards D. salina at all concentrations tested, while Curvularia sp. was stimulated at the highest concentration used but inhibited at the lower concentrations. The culture age of the two fungi did not alter the relative sensitivity of both fungi towards aponin but the germination percentage of Curvularia sp. was affected by the culture age. An aqueous extract of Nannochloris sp. was also tested on the two fungi and was shown to be inhibitory to both. The results seem to indicate that more than one compound from Nannochloris sp. is capable of affecting spore germination indicating that this alga might be playing a role in the reported fungistasis in seawater. Gulf seawater was tested and found to have little if any fungistatic activity. PMID- 6530960 TI - Preferential nuclease digestion of the non-messenger sequences of HnRNA upon micrococcal nuclease digestion of HnRNP particles. AB - HnRNP particles from rat liver were digested with micrococcal nuclease to render about 50% of HnRNA acid soluble. Hybridization experiments, in which cDNA complementary to rat liver poly(A)+ mRNA was annealed to an excess of HnRNA, showed that the micrococcal nuclease resistant HnRNA fraction was enriched in mRNA-homologous sequences. PMID- 6530961 TI - Bacteraemia in hospitalized children. AB - The results of 3,037 blood cultures taken from hospitalized children during 1977 are reviewed, and 171 patients were considered to have bacteraemia whilst 67 were considered to have contaminants. Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus spp were found to be the most common organisms associated with 80% of the observed bacteraemias. H. influenzae and groups B and D streptococci were more often isolated in young children (less than 3 years). Group D streptococcal bacteria occurred more in newborns and patients with congenital anomalies. H. influenzae and S. pneumoniae bacteraemias were frequently associated with the presence of a foci of infection. Elevated temperature and an absolute differential cell count, were present in 75% of the patients with bacteraemia. PMID- 6530962 TI - A modified medium for the recovery of Staphylococcus from water. AB - Various contemporary methods available for recovering staphylococci from water were evaluated as to quantitative recovery and degree of selectivity. Each of the methods tested was found to be somewhat inadequate for the selective isolation of staphylococci from water in this area. A modified medium is being proposed which incorporates 0.005% sodium azide into a mannitol salt agar base. This medium when used with a membrane filter procedure and incubated at 32 degrees C for 48 h recovers 85% of Staphylococcus aureus, 88% of Staphylococcus epidermidis, and 100% of Staphylococcus saprophyticus present. Environmental testing in this area indicates that this modified procedure will recover only Gram-positive, catalase positive cocci. Ninety percent of these cocci are Staphylococcus as ascertained by the lysostaphin susceptibility test. PMID- 6530963 TI - Mechanisms of myocardial ischemia--I. Basic principles. PMID- 6530964 TI - Heart failure: current concepts. PMID- 6530965 TI - Myocardial preservation during heart surgery. PMID- 6530966 TI - Basic principles of pacemakers--subject review. PMID- 6530967 TI - Emergency valve replacement during acute carditis--case reports. AB - Two patients are described with acute rheumatic carditis and severe heart failure who failed to respond to aggressive medical treatment with steroids, salicylates, inotropic agents and afterload reduction. In both cases, cardiac catheterization revealed severe aortic and mitral regurgitation with preserved myocardial contractility. Emergency double valve replacement was successfully performed with marked improvement in both patients. The diagnosis and evaluation of the condition, as well as the unique problems confronted in the post-operative course are discussed. PMID- 6530968 TI - Pulmonary interstitial emphysema and tension extra-pulmonary air in the neonate- increasing hazards. PMID- 6530969 TI - Closed cardiovascular surgery in the first year of life--experience with 40 consecutive cases. AB - A review of 40 consecutive infants with cardiovascular lesions requiring surgical intervention, without the use of the heart-lung machine, during a 3 year period is presented. Twenty-one patients were cyanotic and 19 were non-cyanotic preoperatively. In the former group, an operation was performed on an urgent or emergency basis in 8 patients (38%). In the latter group, 12 patients (63%) were in congestive heart failure and needed digitalis and diuretics preoperatively. The most frequent lesions among both groups were TOF and aortic coarctation, each being encountered in 6 patients, to be followed by d-TGA, PDA, and vascular ring, each being observed in 5 patients. The youngest patient was 8 hours old, had ectopia cordis associated with omphalocele, and the oldest was 12 months old, had a vascular ring. The lightest infant weighed 1.6 kg and had ligation of PDA at the age of one month. The most common surgical procedure was a systemic pulmonary artery shunt (13 patients), closure of PDA (5 patients), followed by repair of aortic coarctation using the LSA as a patch (6 patients), and division of vascular ring (5 patients). The operative M.R. was 15% in the whole series, 19% among the 21 cyanotic babies, 11% among the 19 non-cyanotic infants and 40% among the 10 patients operated in the first month of life. No death was noted among the 14 patients operated after the age of 6 months. Late mortality occurred in 4 patients giving a total mortality rate of 38% in this group of 21 infants with cyanotic malformations.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6530970 TI - Air embolism--non cardiogenic pulmonary edema. PMID- 6530971 TI - [Distribution of Bithynia inflata molluscs and their infestation with larval trematode forms in opisthorchiasis foci on the left-bank tributaries of the Dnieper]. PMID- 6530973 TI - [Possible formation of foci of multilocular echinococcosis (alveolar hydatid disease) in the settlements of Yakutia]. PMID- 6530972 TI - [Repeated examination by the indirect hemagglutination reaction of the population in an alveolar hydatid disease focus as a method of assessing the epidemiological situation]. PMID- 6530974 TI - [New data on the epidemiology of taeniarhynchiasis in regions of the Far North in the USSR (based on observational data in the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug)]. PMID- 6530975 TI - [Results of repeated examinations of contingents of children for enterobiasis and the correction factors for single examination indices]. PMID- 6530976 TI - [Insecticide (DDT and melathion) sensitivity and the contact irritability of malaria mosquitoes in natural populations in the Dagestan ASSR]. PMID- 6530977 TI - [Possible carcinogenic activity of the Soviet antimalarial dabequin in a chronic experiment in animals]. PMID- 6530978 TI - [Toxocariasis: clinical aspects, diagnosis and treatment (a lecture)]. PMID- 6530979 TI - [Water-salt metabolism and kidney function in chronic opisthorchiasis patients]. PMID- 6530980 TI - [Vermox treatment of acute trichinelliasis recorded for the first time in Tomsk Province]. PMID- 6530981 TI - [Psychiatry and mental health care]. PMID- 6530982 TI - [HLA system antigens in acute leukoses]. PMID- 6530983 TI - [The value of noninvasive diagnostic methods in the diagnosis of particular forms of pericarditis]. PMID- 6530984 TI - [Personal experience in the clinical use of free amino acids in the blood and urine]. PMID- 6530986 TI - [Spontaneous abortions and newborn infants with malformations]. PMID- 6530985 TI - [Epidemiologic study of diabetes, hypertension and coronary disease in workers at the Servo Mihalj industrial complex in Zrenjanin]. PMID- 6530987 TI - [Pancytopenia within the framework of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (case reports of 7 patients)]. PMID- 6530988 TI - [2 case reports of hepatorenal syndrome caused by Leptospira icterohaemorrhagiae]. PMID- 6530989 TI - [Vascular headache--a reflection of cerebrovascular dysfunction]. PMID- 6530990 TI - [Echocardiographic findings in pericarditis]. PMID- 6530991 TI - [Problems of classification and diagnosis of depression]. PMID- 6530992 TI - [Systemic lupus erythematosus and pregnancy]. PMID- 6530993 TI - [Cytologic diagnosis of the thyroid gland]. PMID- 6530994 TI - [Scintigraphic diagnosis of neuroblastoma and pheochromocytoma with 131I-meta iodobenzylguanidine in pediatrics]. PMID- 6530995 TI - [Changes in maternal breast feeding in 3 bordering communities of the province of Padua between 1978 and 1982]. PMID- 6530996 TI - [Optimal relation of the various components of the diet in the treatment of chronic infantile diarrhea]. PMID- 6530997 TI - [Combined orthopedic and surgical treatment of cheilognathopalatoschisis]. PMID- 6530998 TI - [Hepatotoxic syndrome of the colostatic type caused by josamycin]. PMID- 6530999 TI - [Evaluation of body components in chronic renal failure]. PMID- 6531000 TI - [Topical matters concerning streptococcal infection in 2 populations of hospitalized children]. PMID- 6531001 TI - [Vaginal micturition: normal or pathologic event?]. PMID- 6531002 TI - [Total lingual ectopy of a normally functioning thyroid gland]. PMID- 6531003 TI - [Cystinuria. A personal case series]. PMID- 6531004 TI - [Case of acute calculous cholecystitis in a 12-year-old child]. PMID- 6531005 TI - [Presentation of 2 cases of hypothyroidism associated with severe malformation syndrome]. PMID- 6531006 TI - [Transitory hyperphosphatasemia in infancy. Case report]. PMID- 6531007 TI - [Standards for the cranial fontanelles of the newborn infant]. PMID- 6531008 TI - [Measuring the fontanelles of premature infants]. PMID- 6531009 TI - [Pharmacologic and dietetic treatment of 2 siblings with atypical methylmalonic aciduria]. PMID- 6531010 TI - [Giardiasis in childhood: a condition that only rarely provokes clinical manifestations]. PMID- 6531011 TI - [Importance of prevention in accidents of children. Case records of a pediatric emergency service]. PMID- 6531012 TI - [Morgagni's hernia in childhood]. PMID- 6531013 TI - [Kawasaki disease. Description of 2 cases]. PMID- 6531014 TI - [Transient hypoparathyroidism following hypervitaminosis D. Description of a clinical case]. PMID- 6531016 TI - Photobiologic, toxicologic, and pharmacologic aspects of psoralens. Proceedings of a conference, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, March 1-3, 1982. PMID- 6531015 TI - [Therapeutic efficacy of an exclusion diet in atopic dermatitis. Comparison of the results obtained with the same diet in the presence and absence of lamb meat]. PMID- 6531017 TI - Chemical characterization of psoralens used in the National Toxicology Program research projects. AB - Chemical analyses of 4 psoralen derivatives were performed with the use of various techniques, including thin-layer chromatography, gas chromatography, infrared and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. 8-Methoxypsoralen, 5 methoxypsoralen, 3-carbethoxypsoralen, and 5-methylisopsoralen were determined to be 99, 93, 97, and 99% pure, respectively. A 7% contaminant in the 5 methoxypsoralen sample was identified as a dimethoxypsoralen isomer. These psoralens are being used in research projects sponsored by the National Toxicology Program. PMID- 6531018 TI - Cutaneous phototoxicity due to psoralens. AB - Psoralen phototoxicity has several features which distinguish it from other cutaneous responses to UV radiation, with or without an exogenous photosensitizing agent. Erythema resulting from psoralen phototoxicity shows a longer latent period between irradiation and onset, during which no visible cutaneous changes are present. The dose-response curve is steeper, with blistering reactions occurring in some subjects after as little as three to four times the minimum phototoxic dose of UV radiation at 320-400 nm (UVA). The acute phase of psoralen phototoxicity is followed by a more marked increase in epidermal pigmentation than is seen after most other phototoxic reactions or following UV irradiation alone. The pathways leading to the development of cutaneous phototoxicity have not been identified. The importance of the cross linking of DNA as the initiating event is suggested but not proved by comparative data on different psoralen compounds with different cross-linking abilities and by wavelength-dependent selective photochemistry. The subsequent pathways leading to erythema and the mediators which are liberated have not been identified. In contrast to erythema induced by UVA and UV at 290-320 and at 220-290 nm (UVB and UVC, respectively), no evidence for the involvement of prostaglandins has been demonstrable. Histopathologic studies show changes in the epidermis and dermis, with damage to keratinocytes and an inflammatory infiltrate in the dermis, both of which occur later and are of longer duration than the damage induced by UVA, UVB, or UVC alone. Despite the widespread application of psoralen phototoxicity in humans in the form of PUVA treatment, much work remains to be done before we can elucidate the important mechanisms and pathways leading to the inflammatory and therapeutic responses which are induced in the skin. Improvement of our knowledge in this area is central to the evolution of safer and more effective forms of photochemotherapy. PMID- 6531019 TI - Repair of furocoumarin adducts in mammalian cells. AB - We studied DNA repair in cultured mammalian cells treated with the furocoumarins 8-methoxypsoralen (8-MOP), aminomethyl trioxsalen, or angelicin and irradiated with near UV light. The amount of DNA cross-linked by 8-MOP in normal human cells decreased by about one-half in 24 hours after treatment; no decrease was observed in xeroderma pigmentosum cells, group A. At present, it is not known to what extent this decrease represents complete repair events at the sites of cross links. Furocoumarin adducts elicited excision repair in normal human and monkey cells but not in xeroderma pigmentosum group A cells. This excision repair resembled in several aspects that elicited by pyrimidine dimers, formed in DNA by irradiation with 254-nm UV light; however, it appeared that for at least 8-MOP and aminomethyl trioxsalen, removal of adducts was not as efficient as was the removal of pyrimidine dimers. We also compared repair in the 172-base-pair repetitive alpha-DNA component of monkey cells to repair in the bulk of the genome. Although repair elicited by pyrimidine dimers in alpha-DNA was the same as in the bulk DNA, that following treatment of cells with either aminomethyl trioxsalen or angelicin and near UV was markedly deficient in alpha-DNA. This deficiency reflected the removal of fewer adducts from alpha-DNA after the same initial adduct frequencies. These results could mean that each furocoumarin may produce several structurally distinct adducts to DNA in cells and that the capacity of cellular repair systems to remove these various adducts may vary greatly.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6531020 TI - Psoralens: a search for more effective derivatives for photochemotherapeutic regimens. AB - The objective of our studies under the National Toxicology Program on psoralens was to evaluate a new furocoumarin derivative that would be highly efficacious and yet possess little or no systemic toxicity while also having a short effective biologic half-life. In addition, this work allowed for the development of a test system for compound evaluation of various psoralen derivatives. A guinea pig model was used first, followed by definitive studies in hairless mice for evaluation of the phototoxic potentialities of 32 furocoumarins and 4 benzofuran derivatives. Rank order depends on whether the derivative is administered topically or orally; methyl furocoumarins were the most potent topical photosensitizers, but they were weak when orally administered. On the other hand, aminomethyl derivatives as a group were most potent of all the derivatives when orally administered but were mediocre topical photosensitizers. The standard for these studies, 8-methoxypsoralen (8-MOP), was mediocre in topical and oral regimens. Specific dose-response studies revealed the 5' aminomethyl-4,4',8-trimethylpsoralen derivative to be six times more potent than 8-MOP. Moreover, the dose-response curve indicated that the response of the 5' aminomethyl derivative is eliminated three to four times faster than is 8-MOP. No straightforward relationship between molecular structure and photosensitizing power was found. These results underscore the need for oral and topical evaluation of a given test sensitizer as well as for determination of the chemical nature, temporal distribution, and metabolic fate of its photochemically active form. PMID- 6531021 TI - Induction of sister chromatid exchanges and gene mutations in Chinese hamster ovary cells by psoralens. AB - Three linear psoralen compounds, 8-methoxypsoralen (8-MOP), 5-methoxypsoralen (5 MOP), 3-carbethoxypsoralen (3-CP), and one angular psoralen, 5-methylangelicin (5 ANG), were tested for their ability to induce both sister chromatid exchanges (SCE) and gene mutations (hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase locus) in vitro in Chinese hamster ovary cells (CHO line). All the compounds induced both SCE and mutations in the presence of UV irradiation (UVA; peak at 330-380 nm), but no increases were observed in its absence. The frequency of both responses increased with either 1) increasing concentration of compound with a fixed amount of UVA or 2) increasing amount of UVA with a fixed concentration of psoralen. Significant increases in SCE were seen for 8-MOP, 5-MOP, and 5-ANG at concentrations near 1 X 10(-6) M, whereas concentrations near 20 X 10(-6) M of 3 CP were needed before increases in SCE were observed. The induction of gene mutations followed a similar pattern; concentrations of 50-100 X 10(-6) M of 3-CP were needed to induce large increases in mutations, but much lower concentrations of 8-MOP, 5-MOP, and 5-ANG (5-10 X 10(-6) M) were sufficient to induce large increases in mutations. The ratio of induced mutations to induced SCE was similar for 8-MOP, 5-MOP, and 3-CP; that of 5-ANG was much higher, which indicated that the linear furocoumarins produce a different spectrum of DNA damage from that produced by the angular psoralen. PMID- 6531022 TI - Photoreactive states of furocoumarins. AB - On the basis of spectroscopic and wave-function analyses of the excited states of psoralens, it is predicted that the photocycloaddition at the 3,4-double bond leading to the formation of a monoadduct proceeds from both the singlet and triplet excited states, with the latter state being the preferential route, especially in the reactions between psoralens and nucleosides and nucleotides in solution. The photocycloaddition at the 4',5'-double bond is likely to proceed by way of the singlet path exclusively. It is also predicted that the second photocycloaddition of the 3,4- or 4',5'-monoadduct yielding cross-linked diadducts takes the singlet route. PMID- 6531023 TI - Safety and therapeutic effectiveness of selected psoralens in psoriasis. AB - This review summarizes the most important facts regarding the clinical effectiveness of oral photochemotherapy for psoriasis with UV radiation at 320 400 nm (UVA) and selected furocoumarins. The most widely used compound is 8 methoxypsoralen (8-MOP); its effectiveness has been documented by many clinical trials. Oral 5-methoxypsoralen (5-MOP) has been evaluated as an alternative drug because it is less erythemogenic and thus reduces the danger of accidental over exposure. It has been as effective as 8-MOP in clearing psoriasis, but the UVA doses required were considerably higher. Although oral 4,5',8-trimethylpsoralen does not clear psoriasis satisfactorily, excellent treatment results have been recorded when it was applied topically. The 3 drugs produce bifunctional adducts with DNA (cross-links), which may be of particular importance for mutagenesis and tumor formation. In an attempt to reduce possible oncogenic hazards, investigators are currently testing non-crosslinking furocoumarins for their therapeutic effectiveness. At present, these compounds are available for topical use only. 3-Carbethoxypsoralen has been reported to produce excellent treatment results by others but was ineffective in our clinical trials. Similarly disappointing was the application of 4,5'-dimethylangelicin and 5 methylangelicin. Although monofunctional compounds also inhibit cell proliferation in vitro, it appears that cross-linking is a prerequisite for the therapeutic success in psoriasis. The actual important of cross-links, however, remains to be clarified.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6531024 TI - Safety and therapeutic effectiveness of 8-methoxypsoralen, 4,5',8 trimethylpsoralen, and psoralen in vitiligo. AB - In this paper, we report on 366 East Indian patients with vitiligo who were treated for 2 to 3 years with either 8-methoxypsoralen (8-MOP), 4,5',8 trimethylpsoralen (TMP), or psoralen and sunlight. These patients with amelanotic macules had 10 to 70% skin involvement of 1 to 50 years duration. Male and female patients from ages 12 to 70 years were randomly assigned to 8 treatment groups; the study was conducted on a double-blind protocol. Patients in prone and supine positions were exposed to the sun for 45-60 minutes in gradually increasing doses between 11 a.m. and 2 p.m. thrice weekly and 2 hours after oral ingestion of the drug. The various drug dosage schedules investigated included 9 groups: 0.3 and 0.6 mg 8-MOP/kg; 0.8, 1.8, and 3.6 mg TMP/kg; a combination of 0.3 mg 8-MOP and 0.6 mg TMP/kg; 0.6 and 1.2 mg psoralen/kg, and a placebo. For ethical reasons, the placebo group was terminated after 9 to 12 months of therapy. All patients were photographed before enrollment and at intervals of 6, 12, 18, and 26 months during therapy. Of these patients treated for nearly 2 years, the faces of those 45% receiving the combination dose of 8-MOP plus TMP or low-dose 8-MOP (0.3 mg/kg) were fully repigmented, and nearly 60% achieved 75 to 100% repigmentation of the head and neck. The chest, abdomen, and back were repigmented nearly as well and better than the arms and legs. The patients receiving high-dose schedules of TMP and psoralen achieved better repigmentation response than those on lower dosage but still not as good as patients on 8-MOP or the combination group of 8-MOP plus TMP.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6531025 TI - Improvement of the efficacy and safety of oral methoxsalen photochemotherapy. AB - To improve efficacy and safety of psoralen plus UV radiation at 320-400 nm (PUVA), investigators designed different therapeutic approaches. Our goals are to minimize the acute risks and lower the long-term hazards. Some of these therapeutic approaches focus on dosimetry and intensity of PUVA and some on combining PUVA with other therapeutic modalities. Both approaches try to minimize the total number of treatments and to decrease the amount of UVA radiation delivered to the patient and, as a result, decrease the total skin insult. PMID- 6531026 TI - Effectiveness of psoralens in mycosis fungoides. AB - A 6-year follow-up of 12 patients with mycosis fungoides (MF) treated with psoralen photochemotherapy (PUVA) at the Cleveland Clinic revealed that 7 patients are clear of MF with 4 no longer receiving therapy and 3 on maintenance PUVA. Five patients died within 2 years of onset of therapy. Of 25 others with MF who were treated at Northwestern University, 20 are clear or partially clear after PUVA. Plaque-stage MF responds best to this type of treatment; Sezary syndrome, erythrodermic MF, and tumor-stage MF respond poorly to PUVA. PMID- 6531027 TI - Skin cancer in patients treated with 8-methoxypsoralen plus longwave ultraviolet radiation. AB - Although severe biochemical and cytologic changes occur in both melanocytes and keratinocytes during psoralen photochemotherapy, a review of the published literature does not reveal any increased incidence of skin cancers from this type of therapy. Perhaps not enough time has elapsed to show such effects. PMID- 6531028 TI - Chronic cutaneous effects of long-term psoralen and ultraviolet radiation therapy in patients with vitiligo. AB - Vitiligo is refractory to most therapeutic modalities. To assess the efficacy of a variety of PUVA therapies, we enrolled 596 subjects in a prospective study, and 230 were followed for up to 55 months. Various psoralen derivatives and dosage schedules were used. Each subject was examined at yearly intervals for therapeutic response and evidence of chronic PUVA toxicity. At 4 years after therapeutic inception, 29 (13%) developed lesions in remaining vitiliginous macules. Clinically, hyperkeratotic macules and hyperkeratotic, lichenoid, and telangiectatic papules were discerned. Histologic examination of these lesions revealed them to be actinic and lichenoid keratoses, verruca vulgaris, and hyperkeratosis with either hyperplasia or atrophy. No tumors were present. In perilesional skin, dermal collagen and elastic tissue degeneration, much greater in degree than reported in psoriatic skin, was observed. In this group of PUVA treated patients, no increased risk of carcinoma was apparent during the follow up period. PMID- 6531029 TI - Histologic alterations of psoralen- and longwave ultraviolet radiation-exposed skin. AB - Histologic changes in skin exposed to psoralen photochemotherapy (PUVA) may be classified as acute or chronic. The acute set of histologic alterations includes changes associated with lesion regression and PUVA toxicity. The chronic set of changes related primarily to the side effects of PUVA therapy. In psoriatic epidermis, morphologic evidence of cellular hyperactivity ceases with accompanying loss of psoriasiform hyperplasia, whereas in other inflammatory disorders the lymphocytic infiltrate is cleared in the epidermis and papillary dermis. In short-term therapy, changes include melanocytic hyperplasia and increased activity with marked keratinocyte hypermelaninosis. In skin chronically exposed to PUVA, all cutaneous compartments are affected with an epidermal maturation disorder, melanocyte activation, as well as dermal collagen and elastic tissue degeneration, some of which persist after cessation of therapy. PMID- 6531030 TI - Carcinogenic effects of monofunctional and bifunctional furocoumarins. AB - We initiated these studies to determine whether bifunctional (interstrand cross linking) psoralens, such as 8-methoxypsoralen (8-MOP), are more carcinogenic than are the monofunctional, such as angelicin or isopsoralen derivatives, and 3 carbethoxysporalen (3-CP). Hairless mice (Skh:hr-1) in groups of 40 were treated three times weekly for 12 to 15 months. There were 17 groups, and the photocarcinogenic effects of 5 psoralens [8-MOP, 3-CP, 5-methylangelicin, 4,5' dimethylangelicin (4,5'-DMA), and angelicin] were investigated. Ethanolic solutions of 0.01-0.1% psoralens were topically applied at 5.0 or 50 micrograms/cm2 from cervical to lumbar regions 45 minutes before exposure to UVA (320-400 nm) radiation (0.1, 2.5, or 7.5 joules/cm2). Control groups received either the drug application or UVA exposure only. The study revealed that isopsoralens, such as 5-methylangelicin or 4,5'-DMA, that form monofunctional adducts are more carcinogenic than bifunctional psoralens. The latency and time required for 50% prevelance of tumors was much longer with 8-MOP than with 4,5' DMA or 5-methylangelicin. Mice treated with the latter 2 compounds had a greater number and larger tumors than mice treated with 8-MOP. The monofunctional angelicin was weakly carcinogenic, whereas 3-CP, also a monofunctional psoralen, was noncarcinogenic. Histologic examination revealed that tumors induced by 8 MOP, 5-methylangelicin, or 4,5'-DMA were all squamous cell carcinomas. Because of their skin-photosensitizing property and their ability to induce interstrand cross-links and severe damage to DNA in replication, bifunctional psoralens apparently produce more lethal damage in cells than do monofunctional isopsoralens.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6531031 TI - In vitro characterization of the reaction of four psoralen derivatives with DNA. AB - Four psoralen derivatives were radiolabeled and used for in vitro DNA binding studies. The derivatives were compared for their dark-binding ability to DNA, photoreactivity, and for unwinding angles. The dark-binding dissociation constants we determined were 1.4 X 10(-3) M for 8-methoxypsoralen (8-MOP), 3.5 X 10(-4) M for 5-methoxypsoralen (5-MOP), and 5.5 X 10(-4) M for 5 methylisopsoralen (5-MIP). We did not detect any dark binding to DNA for 3 carbethoxypsoralen (3-CP). Photoaddition experiments indicated that the relative rates of photoaddition by psoralen to DNA (measured as psoralens bound per base pair per second) are 4.4 X 10(-5) for 5-MIP, 9.2 X 10(-6) for 5-MOP, 7.8 X 10(-6) for 8-MOP, and 4.6 X 10(-6) for 3-CP. We found the peak level of binding (for an initial base pair-to-psoralen ratio of 22) to be 27, 32.2, 31.2, and 1,538 base pairs per psoralen bound for 5-MOP, 8-MOP, 5-MIP, and 3-CP, respectively. In addition, 3-CP adducts could be photoreversed by prolonged irradiation at 360 nm. After 10 hours of irradiation, the amounts of 3-CP bound to DNA had fallen to less than 50% of the peak amount bound. In the same time, the amount of 8-MOP and 5-MOP bound had fallen to 95% of their peak values, and 5-MIP had fallen to 85% of its peak value. We also performed unwinding angle experiments to determine the amount of unwinding of the DNA helix induced per photobound derivative molecule; the unwinding angles +/- 3 degrees were 25 for 5-MOP, 28 for 8-MOP, 26 for 3-CP, and 18 for 5-MIP. PMID- 6531032 TI - Carcinogenic risk of psoralen plus ultraviolet radiation therapy: evidence in humans. AB - Despite differences in study populations, methodologies, and levels of psoralen plus UV irradiation at 320-400 nm (PUVA), results from 4 prospective studies of patients treated with PUVA support the hypothesis that the risk of squamous cell carcinoma is increased with prolonged exposure. Tumors that develop after PUVA exposure behaved like skin tumors associated with sun exposure. In view of the latency for cancer in humans, continued prospective follow-up is required if we are to determine the ultimate carcinogenic risk of this type of therapy. PMID- 6531033 TI - Risk of skin tumors in psoralen- and ultraviolet A-treated patients. AB - From 1973 to 1981, the clinical data of 1,136 patients with psoriasis and another 1,210 with various skin tumors were accessioned with the aid of computerized data files. Skin tumors and psoriasis occurred in 48 patients. After psoralen plus 320 400 nm UV (PUVA) therapy for psoriasis was introduced in 1976, 381 patients with this disease were treated. Follow-up data revealed no change in the tumor incidence rate after this treatment began. Age-related calculations of the relative probabilities for the presence of skin cancer in patients with psoriasis after PUVA revealed a grossly normal pattern (which appeared to be unaffected by PUVA). We observed a skin tumor in 2 patients 5 years after PUVA therapy. PMID- 6531034 TI - Effects of psoralens plus ultraviolet radiation on human lymphoid cells in vitro. AB - Photochemotherapy with oral 8-methoxypsoralen (8-MOP) plus long wavelength UV radiation (UVA) has been shown to affect lymphoid cells circulating through the skin. An in vitro assay was developed to mimic some of the therapeutic parameters of 8-MOP concentration and UVA exposure estimated to impinge upon lymphoid cells. In vitro treatment with these presumed therapeutic levels of 8-MOP plus UVA induced a level of inhibition of lymphoid cell DNA synthesis similar to that observed in vivo. Furthermore, the DNA synthesis inhibition was associated with DNA interstrand cross-link induction, reduced cell survival, and impaired immune reactivity. This assay predicts that such effects would be induced in vivo. A lymphoblastoid cell line from a patient with Cockayne's syndrome was shown to be hypersensitive to killing by radiation (280-320 nm) from a fluorescent sunlamp (UVB) but to have normal survival after treatment with 8-MOP plus UVA. Thus there is at least one major UVB recovery pathway in human cells that is different from the recovery pathway for 8-MOP plus UVA damage and leads us to believe that combined treatment with UVB and 8-MOP plus UVA may have a greater effect than either treatment alone. PMID- 6531035 TI - Psoralens and ocular effects in man and animals: in vivo monitoring of human ocular and cutaneous manifestations. AB - Optical spectroscopy (fluorescence, phosphorescence, and electron spin resonance) has demonstrated the presence of 8-methoxypsoralen (8-MOP) and its potential for photobinding (to DNA and proteins) in human and animal ocular lenses. Similar photobinding in other ocular tissues, particularly the retina, has also been shown to occur in the young eye (lens has not yet developed as an effective UVA filter) and in aphakic and pseudophakic eyes. Skin biopsies were performed on a series of patients before, during, and following psoralen photochemotherapy (PUVA). High-resolution phosphorescence spectroscopy of PUVA patients enabled us to monitor the presence of 8-MOP in the skin and blood samples. These data indicated that significantly higher levels of 8-MOP accumulate within the psoriatic skin compared with uninvolved areas and demonstrated the feasibility of monitoring 8-MOP metabolism by this method. A second series of patients who had been on chronic PUVA therapy for many years were also evaluated by this technique and all patients' eyes were monitored by UV slit-lamp densitography with respect to determining lenticular photodamage in "unprotected eyes" compared with protected and untreated controls. The latter data have delineated at least 3 cases of presumptive PUVA cataracts. Phosphorescence assays on lens matter derived from individuals with a clinical diagnosis of PUVA cataracts demonstrated a photoproduct identical with the previously reported triplet noted in the lenses from experimental PUVA-treated animals. PMID- 6531036 TI - Psoralens and ocular effects in humans. AB - The safety of psoralen photochemotherapy (PUVA) in relation to the eye has been an area of research at the Washington Hospital Center for the last 6 years. Our studies indicate that, with proper shielding of the eye, safety for acute lenticular damage can be established. However, the potential for cataract formation from low-dose, long-term ambient UVA exposure is not known. The guidelines for proper shielding of the eye with PUVA therapy have been established and are enumerated in the text. Our studies on 68 patients for an average length of 4 years and 7 months while they received PUVA have established that the rate in the development of cataracts in treated patients had not increased as compared with the Framingham Eye Study. PMID- 6531037 TI - Effects of methoxsalen plus near-ultraviolet radiation or mid-ultraviolet radiation on immunologic mechanisms. AB - Skin cancers induced in mice by UVB, i.e., 280-320 nm radiation, are highly antigenic. They grow progressively in UVB-irradiated hosts because of certain specific immunologic alterations that are induced in the mice. Comparative studies of the immunologic aspects of carcinogenesis by UVB or methoxsalen plus UVA, i.e., 320-400 nm radiation (PUVA), formed the basis for the following conclusions: 1) Skin cancers induced by PUVA in C3H/HeN mammary tumor virus negative mice are not highly antigenic, in contrast to those induced by UVB; 2) PUVA-induced tumors also differ from those induced by UVB, in that they do not exhibit preferential growth in UVB-irradiated mice; 3) PUVA treatment of mice, unlike UVB, does not induce susceptibility to the transplantation of UVB-induced tumors; 4) both UVB and PUVA treatments suppress the induction of contact hypersensitivity by a mechanism that involves suppressor lymphocytes. PMID- 6531038 TI - Mechanisms of psoralen photosensitization reactions. AB - The basic aspects of cutaneous photosensitization reactions and the mode of therapeutic effectiveness of psoralens used extensively in the photochemotherapy of psoriasis and vitiligo have been reviewed. Psoralen-induced skin photosensitization and the therapeutic action of psoralens involve two distinct types of reactions that occur independently of each other and concurrently when the psoralen-treated skin (oral or topical) is exposed to 320-400 nm UV radiation. The first, type I, occurs in the absence of oxygen (anoxic) reaction and primarily involves photoreactions with DNA; the second, type II, is a sensitized reaction dependent on oxygen and involves the formation of singlet oxygen (1O2), superoxide anion (O-.2), and hydroxy radicals. The photoreactive form of psoralen is its triplet state, and the sites of reaction are 1) the cell membrane of the epidermal, dermal, and endothelial cells; 2) the cytoplasmic constituents, such as enzymes, RNA, lysosomes, etc.; 3) the cell nuclei (DNA and chromatin); and 4) psoralen-sensitized production of 1O2, O-.2, and hydroxy radicals, which we believe are responsible for cell membrane damage and vasodilation. The major damage would be initiated by a type I reaction and would be seen in the form of nuclear damage to DNA resulting from the interaction of psoralen with DNA and to a lesser extent with RNA. The skin photosensitization response (erythema, edema, membrane damage, etc.) would result from a type II reaction involving the generation of 1O2. In vitro and in vivo metabolism of 4,5',8-trimethylpsoralen and 8-methoxypsoralen is briefly outlined. PMID- 6531039 TI - Chemical basis of the photosensitizing activity of angelicins. AB - Angelicins are a group of compounds that show marked photobiologic activity on various substrates; some of them have been proposed as potential agents for the photochemotherapy of skin diseases. A good correlation exists between the photosensitizing activity of these compounds and their capacity to induce monofunctional lesions to DNA; therefore, we believe the chemical nature of these photolesions, we isolated from the products of hydrolysis of the photocombinations between 5 angelicins (angelicin, 4-methyl, 5-methyl, 5'-methyl, and 5,5'-dimethylangelicin) and DNA, the corresponding new fluorescent monoadducts between the 4',5'-double bond of the furocoumarins and the 5,6-double bond of thymine. PMID- 6531040 TI - Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of psoralens after oral administration: considerations and conclusions. AB - We discovered a strong but saturable first-pass effect after oral administration of psoralens by using different doses and simultaneous or timed application of stable isotopes. Therefore, small variations of dose, disintegration of drug, and amount and rate of absorption gave rise to great differences in plasma levels and therapeutic efficacy. For practical therapy, the following conclusions can be drawn: 1) Galenical forms of psoralens should ensure a quick and highly reproducible absorption. 2) In the event that inefficacy has been detected, plasma levels should be determined, and the psoralen dosage should be increased rather than the irradiation doses in most instances. 3) For oral psoralen and 320 to 400-nm UV (UVA) treatment, a combination of 5-methoxypsoralen (5-MOP) and 8 MOP (with a lower dose and either administered 30 minutes later than the 5-MOP or in a drug product with quick release of 5-MOP and quick but delayed release of 8 MOP) results in much higher efficacy and reproducibility. Therefore, compared with the single drug, in the combination, dose of drug and the amount of irradiation can be reduced considerably which may result in increased safety. 4) Plasma levels after oral administration of dissolved 4,5',8-trimethylpsoralen are low, but phototoxicity is comparable to that of the 5-MOP and 8-MOP. PMID- 6531041 TI - Quantitative tests for psoralens in the blood: methods and uses in monitoring psoralen and longwave radiation therapy. AB - Variability in 2 factors determines the therapeutic success of photochemotherapy with psoralens and UV radiation at 320-400 nm (PUVA): biochemical properties of the photosensitizing drug used and characteristics of the source of irradiation. Fine-tuning of PUVA therapy is achieved by delivery to the patient of the phototoxic dose of UV radiation at the precise time of peak bioavailability of the photosensitizing psoralen; thus it depends on accurate means for measuring the 2 variables. The UV emission is easily measured, but bioavailability of photosensitizing drugs is not. Blood levels provide information about the photosensitivity of the patient and thus relate to therapeutic efficacy. The oral dose of 8-methoxypsoralen (8-MOP) cannot be used to predict what plasma levels of the drug will be achieved. Dissolution and absorption of 8-MOP are affected by the form of the preparation. Absorption rates vary far more than do elimination rates in the same population of patients, but individual differences in metabolism of the drug have not been documented. Maximum therapeutic benefit varies from individual to individual. It may be influenced by factors affecting absorption, distribution, and metabolism of the drug and by skin type and degree of skin pigmentation. PMID- 6531043 TI - Psoralen pharmacology: studies on metabolism and enzyme induction. AB - Psoralens, tricyclic furocoumarins with potent photosensitizing properties in the skin, are now widely used in the treatment of several dermatologic diseases. In this study, the metabolism of 4,5',8-trimethylpsoralen (TMP) and 8 methoxypsoralen (8-MOP) was studied in mouse liver. Orally administered TMP is transformed into several metabolites, the major one of which is 4,8-dimethyl-5' carboxypsoralen (DMCP) in both humans and mice. Orally administered 8-MOP is metabolized into at least 5 fluorescent moieties, including 8-hydroxypsoralen, the 4'5'-dihydro-diol of 8-MOP, and furocoumaric acid. The effects of 3 psoralens, 8-MOP, TMP, and isopsoralen (angelicin) on hepatic microsomal drug metabolizing enzymes and cytochrome P-450 were assessed in mice and rats. Administered orally to CD-1 mice daily for 6 days, 8-MOP caused twofold to threefold increases in hepatic aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH), ethylmorphine N-demethylase, and cytochrome P-450. The absorbance maximum of the induced cytochrome was at 450 nm. Aniline hydroxylase activity was unchanged. Chronic administration of 8-MOP to Skh:hairless-1 mice caused significant enhancement of hepatic ethylmorphine N-demethylase and cytochrome P-450 but had no effect on AHH, whereas chronically administered TMP had no significant effect on any of these parameters.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6531042 TI - Psoralen and ultraviolet A effects on epidermal ornithine decarboxylase induction and DNA synthesis in the hairless mouse. AB - 8-Methoxypsoralen (8-MOP), 3-carbethoxypsoralen (3-CP), and 5-methoxypsoralen (5 MOP), with and without ultraviolet A (UVA), were compared as inducers of epidermal ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) and modulators of epidermal DNA synthesis in vivo in female Skh:hairless-1 albino mice. Both 8- and 5-MOP plus UVA induced epidermal ODC. Peak ODC activity was induced 24 hours after treatment, and ODC activity was still elevated at 48 hours. These same treatments also suppressed epidermal DNA synthesis 4 hours after treatment, as measured by tritiated thymidine incorporation. The psoralen 3-CP, which lacks the DNA monoadducts, failed to induce epidermal ODC either alone or with UVA and stimulated rather than suppressed incorporation of the tritiated thymidine. PMID- 6531044 TI - Absorption, distribution, and excretion of 8-methoxypsoralen in HRA/Skh mice. AB - The tissue distribution and excretion of [3H]8-methoxypsoralen (8-MOP), a well accepted therapeutic agent for the treatment of psoriasis, was studied in hairless HRA/Skh female mice. Mice were given single oral doses of 6 mg of [3H]8 MOP or 5-[14C]8-MOP/kg in corn oil. Radiochemical analyses of tissues and excreta were accomplished by liquid scintillation counting. The 8-MOP appeared to be rapidly absorbed through the gastrointestinal tract, where the tritium levels were highest, followed by skin, blood, and liver; levels were lowest in fat (adipose tissue). In female HRA/Skh mice which had not been irradiated with UVA (320-400 nm), 84% of the carbon-14 and 58% of the tritium were recovered in the urine and feces within 24 hours of oral administration of 5-[14C]8-MOP or [3H]8 MOP, respectively. Animals that were exposed to UVA and received [3H]8-MOP excreted approximately 12% less tritium in the urine and feces compared with the animals which received no UVA. PMID- 6531045 TI - Subchronic toxicity in rats administered oral 8-methoxypsoralen. AB - Scientists at the National Toxicology Program are studying the toxicologic properties of 8-methoxypsoralen (8-MOP) with and without 320-400 nm UV (UVA). The combination of psoralen and UVA is a promising treatment for psoriasis. In this study, 8-MOP was administered to male and female Fischer 344 rats without subsequent UVA exposure for the determination of toxic effects of the psoralen alone. The drug (in corn oil) was administered by gavage 5 days/week for 90 days at doses of 0, 25, 50, 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg. The effects of toxicity were seen primarily in the 200- and 400-mg/kg dose groups, which included mortality, decreased body weight gain, and dose-related increases in liver:body ratios. On histopathology, target organ toxicity was seen in the liver, testes, and adrenals. In this study, relatively high doses of 8-MOP were tolerated in comparison to the dose of psoralen used in combination therapy clinically. PMID- 6531046 TI - Difference in topical and systemic reactivity of psoralens: determinations of epidermal and serum levels. AB - Topical application of 8- and 5-methoxypsoralen (8-MOP, 5-MOP), psoralen, and 4,5',8-trimethylpsoralen (TMP) to the epilated backs of albino guinea pigs followed by UV irradiation at 320-400 nm resulted in elicitation of similar phototoxicity. However, the systemic phototoxicity determined after oral administration of these psoralen derivatives differed significantly. Serum and epidermal levels of 8-MOP, 5-MOP, and TMP were determined 2 hours post administration. We found a linear relationship between serum and epidermal levels of 8-MOP, but the levels of the other psoralen derivatives were significantly lower. We believe that the reduced oral phototoxicity of 5-MOP and TMP relative to 8-MOP in the guinea pig is due to its reduced levels in the epidermis. PMID- 6531047 TI - Cross species extrapolation and hazard identification in neurotoxicology. PMID- 6531048 TI - Neurobehavioral evaluation of function following experimental nerve damage. AB - Accuracy of axonal regrowth is a major factor of recovery after a peripheral nerve lesion. In sciatic nerve studies, gait is a simple indicator of the precision of repair. It is possible to quantify nerve function through measurements made from rats' walking tracks. The rat sciatic nerve trunk was injured in several ways and the resulting changes in sciatic function were measured using tracks. The advantages and limits of the method are discussed. PMID- 6531049 TI - Reflex modification as an objective test for sensory processing following toxicant exposure. AB - Test batteries for assessing psychological function following toxic exposure should evaluate sensory processes. Sensory function has intrinsic importance as an endpoint measure, and because performance in other behavioral tests typically requires that the organism can detect significant environmental events, its evaluation is necessary to the proper interpretation of other tests. In addition, the psychological and physiological principles concerning sensory function are relatively well known, as is the comparative structure of the sensory systems across species. This knowledge provides the necessary empirical and theoretical base for extrapolating sensory effects of toxic exposure across species. An analysis of sensory function is described that uses the demonstration of reflex inhibition by irrelevant stimuli as an objective measure of stimulus detection. Two basic parameters of reflex inhibition in several species are detailed, its sensitivity to near threshold stimuli is discussed, and the effects of sensory dysfunction on reflex inhibition are demonstrated. This method has much to recommend it for toxicology, including its rapidity, its objectivity, its sensitivity, and its suitability for use in both humans and a variety of laboratory animals. PMID- 6531050 TI - Albinism and evoked potentials: factors in the selection of infrahuman models in predicting the human response to neurotoxic agents. AB - Pertinent factors that should be considered when using infrahuman models in neurotoxicology research are outlined. Particular caution should be exercised in using albino animals as models in research concerning neurotoxicology. PMID- 6531052 TI - Animal models of infantile amnesia, benign senescent forgetfulness, and senile dementia. AB - The Jacksonian principle of hierarchical development and dissolution of function was applied to infantile amnesia and memory loss in senescence. When the Jacksonian model is generalized to include life-span changes in memory it predicts a last-in, first-out appearance and disappearance of memory processes. Those memory capacities that are the last to appear in ontogeny should be the first to be compromised in aging. To evaluate this proposition in a specific context, the rodent literature on long-term memory in infant, adult, and aged animals was surveyed. Three types of memorial processes that emerged sequentially in development were identified and then examined in adult and aged rats. Although strong support of the Jacksonian principle did not emerge from this analysis, the data were sufficiently positive to suggest that the theory was still viable and even vigorous enough to guide future research on both the normal and pathological processes of development and aging. PMID- 6531051 TI - The pathology of toxic axonal neuropathy: a clinical-experimental link. AB - One of the most common pathological manifestations of neurotoxin-induced axonal disease is selective vulnerability and degeneration of long and large axons. In intoxicated humans, this pathologic pattern explains the clinical symptoms and signs. In experimental animals, an evaluation using sensory-motor behavioral battery produces a similar, length-related pattern of neurobehavioral dysfunction. Thus, pathology provides an important basis for cross-species extrapolations. Directions for future research are discussed. PMID- 6531054 TI - [Comparative study of urinary calcium, oxalate and uric acid in calcium oxalate lithiasis]. AB - The purpose of this study was to determine and to compare the frequency of hypercalciuria, hyperoxaluria and hyperuricosuria in 49 patients with a pure or mixed calcium oxalate urolithiasis. During this study, all patients were on a normal diet and had no special disease or medication. We noted that hypercalciuria (35%) and hyperoxaluria (24%) were more often associated (18%) than isolated (8 and 2%). They were more frequent in mixed stones (44% et 39%) than in pure one (29% and 16%). Hyperuricuria (39%) had a same frequency wathever the renal stone type may be. A same frequency was noted when hyperuricuria was associated with hypercalciuria and hyperoxaluria (12%) or isolated (14%). None of these three biologic disturbances was observed in 45% of our patients. PMID- 6531053 TI - EEG as a cross species indicator of neurotoxicity. AB - The electroencephalogram (EEG) is a promising measure in the field of neurotoxicology. It can be well quantified by techniques which can be interpreted both physically and statistically although not necessarily physiologically. Such quantification schemes are briefly discussed in this paper. However, the quantification of EEG is not trivial in either the mathematical or computational sense. The relationship of EEG to brain function or brain pathology is not very well understood by some standards, perhaps due to poor quantitative methods or erroneous assumptions about brain-behavior relationships. EEG has a similar appearance across species. Hence the measure has great promise as a cross-species indicator of neurotoxicity. Not many quantitatively sound neurotoxicological studies using EEG have been published. It must be strongly emphasized that (a) more methods development is needed before the promise of cross species generality can be realized and (b) naive and/or half-hearted attempts to use this measure are perilous. PMID- 6531055 TI - [Calcium lithiasis: uric acid under question]. AB - Usually calcium nephrolithiasis is due to "idiopathic" hypercalciuria associated with failure of the compensatory mechanisms (dissolving substances and crystallisation inhibitors. Classically a sufficient diuresis, a low calcium diet, the phosphate ion or (and) the thiazidic diuretics manage to reduce the hypercalciuria and to decrease the chances of relapse. This aim may be differently reached when hyperuricosuria is associated with hypercalciuria. The use of uric acid synthesis inhibitors (allopurinol, thiopurinol) brings the frequency of the recurring stone formation down and... the calciuria often. Series dealing with 141 calcium lithiasis with hyperuricosuria. PMID- 6531056 TI - [Whewellite and weddellite: toward a different etiopathogenesis. The significance of morphological typing of calculi]. AB - From 3000 urinary calculi analysis, a morphological classification allowed us to appoint 7 structural types of oxalate stones, dependent on whewellite or/and weddellite. We observed evidence for correlations between biological data and these structural types, mainly between types I and hyperoxaluria, types II and hypercalciuria, types II + IV or IV and hyperparathyroidism, as well as between whewellite and hyperuricuria. We determined in vitro calcium and oxalate concentrations ranges to crystallize various hydrate forms of calcium oxalate and we observed that whewellite form is almost the only one fitted for crystallizing in renal papilla. From this various data, it results that, in vivo, whewellite is dependent on oxalate concentration whereas weddellite is rather dependent on calcium concentration. Otherwise, differences in occurrence of morphological types of oxalate calculi were observed as a function of the patient' sex, the urinary tract localisation of calculi, or the crystalluria. PMID- 6531058 TI - [Crystalluria during prophylactic treatment of urinary lithiasis with allopurinol, hydrochlorothiazide, manganese oxide, diphosphonates and propionohydroxamic acid]. AB - The study of cristalluria was used as a method to evaluate the severity of nephrolithiasis and the efficacy of different drug therapies. The number and dimensions of urinary crystals as well as the number of crystal aggregates, were determined in patients with infected calcium or uric acid nephrolithiasis. Crystalluria was studied before therapy and at 6 and 12 months during treatment. Marked reduction of crystalluria in patients with uric acid stones treated with allopurinol and in patients with infected stones treated with antibiotics and propionohydroxamic acid (PHA) was observed. Reduction of crystalluria in the group of patients treated with antibiotics alone was lower. We stress usefulness of the study of crystalluria in stone formers, which is also relatively easy to carry out. PMID- 6531057 TI - [Comparative variations in natriuresis and urinary calcium in patients with hypercalciuric lithiasis treated with thiazide diuretics]. AB - Because of the close relation between sodium (Na) and calcium (Ca) tubular reabsorption, restriction of sodium intake has been proposed in hypercalciuric stone formers. We simultaneously measured urinary concentrations of both ions in 30 recurrent stone formers (19 male, 11 female, mean age 40,8 +/- 10,2 years) with fasting hypercalciuria, before and after reduction of calciuria using long term thiazide (TZ) treatment associated with moderate restriction of calcium intake, without concomitant Na restriction. No recurrence of stones was observed in this group with a 12 to 49 month follow-up. UCa strongly correlated with UNa in both conditions. However, UCa significantly decreased with TZ (128 +/- 32 vs 73 +/- 26 mumol/kg/day, p less than 0.001), whereas neither UNaV (190 +/- 60 vs 202 +/- 57 mmol/day) nor diuresis significantly varied. We conclude that calciuria can be lowered without reduction in Na intake in hypercalciuric stone formers controlled by thiazide treatment. PMID- 6531059 TI - [Areas of magnesium ammonium phosphate nucleation in sterile, alkaline or acid urine]. PMID- 6531060 TI - [Experimental magnesium ammonium phosphate lithiasis induced by Ureaplasma in the rat]. AB - Struvite urinary stones are commonly associated with infections by urease possessing bacteria (Proteus). Ureaplasma urealyticum, a genital mycoplasma, is predominantly located in the human genito-urinary tract and produces urease. Its possible role in the formation of infection stones was studied in the rat model described by Friedlander and Braude. Struvite bladder stones were produced in 60% of Sprague-Dawley male rats after infection of ureaplasmas (serotype 1, 2, 3, 7) into the renal medulla. Mycoplasma hominis, another genital mycoplasma, produced bladder stones in only 10% of animals. A kinetic study showed that pure struvite stones appeared into the bladder 4 to 5 days after inoculation and that U. urealyticum did not usually remain viable more than 6 days. Acetohydroxamic acid and doxycycline prevented the formation of the stones. PMID- 6531061 TI - [Comparative bacteriological and chemical analysis of kidney calculi. Apropos of 135 cases]. AB - The formation of some urinary tract stones (struvite stones) is known to be related to infection by urease-possessing microorganisms, such as Proteus sp. and some other bacteria. Ureaplasma urealyticum, a genital mycoplasma, contains also urease and is predominantly located in the urogenital tract. Its significance in the production of human urinary stones has not yet been elucidated. In this study, 135 human calculi obtained by surgery were analysed chemically and were cultured for the presence of conventional bacteria and U. urealyticum, 51 were ammonium magnesium phosphate stones and contained Proteus (27), E. coli (4), Staphylococcus epidermidis (3), Streptococcus D (2), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (1), Staphylococcus aureus (1), Corynebacterium (1), Candida albicans (1). U. urealyticum was isolated in one patient, from two different calculi (left and right) taken after an interval of fifteen days. Different bacteria were isolated from other calculi (oxalate, uric acid). This findings suggest that Ureaplasma urealyticum should be looked for in struvite calculi. PMID- 6531062 TI - [Results of long-term treatment of cystine lithiasis with D-penicillamine]. AB - Eight patients with cystine stones (7 adults, 1 children) are treated by D penicillamine since at least 5 years and at the most 9 years. The goal of the treatment is to obtain free cystinuria concentration less than 200 mg/l by the conjunction of a high urine flow and D-penicillamine. Cystinuria is measured by automatic analyser chromatography. In 2 patients, lithiasis got worse and cystinuria remained highly pathologic because bad compliance. In the 6 other cases, no lithiasis recurrence was noted; 5 patients had renal unilateral or bilateral lithiasis before treatment. A partial stone dissolution was obtained in 3 patients and total stone dissolution in 1 patient. Despite important posology often used, D-penicillamine has been remarkably well tolered since the only side effect observed was erythrodermia in 1 case at the beginning of the treatment. PMID- 6531063 TI - [Predictive value of lithogenic risk in hypercalciuria: should 24-hour urine calcium be measured?]. AB - Three studies have been undertaken to evaluate the predictive value for new stone formation of urinary calcium excretion. In study 1, 24-hr calciuria was similar in 52 patients with benign stone disease (less than 3 new stones or 1 staghorn calculus in the 5 preceeding years) and in 46 patients with severe lithiasis (more than 3 stones or 1 staghorn calculus), based on a retrospective assessment of stone disease evolution. In study 2, urinary fasting Ca/Creat was identical in 43 non-hyperparathyroid stone formers (including 31 with severe lithiasis) and in 35 patients with proven or suspected primary hyperparathyroidism (including 19 with benign lithiasis, 8 with severe lithiasis and 8 with no stone). In study 3, stone recurrence, assessed prospectively, felt significantly in patients given a high fluid intake alone or associated with 50 mg/d of hydrochlorothiazide, independently of urinary calcium excretion. Urinary calcium determination therefore appears useless for stone recurrence prediction. PMID- 6531064 TI - CSF acetylcholinesterase in dementia and in sequential samples of lumbar CSF. AB - Acetylcholinesterase (AchE) activity (nmol/ml/min) was measured in lumbar CSF from 11 patients with dementia of the Alzheimer type (DAT), 8 patients with Korsakoff psychosis and 33 patients with low back pain who were undergoing myelography (controls). There was no significant difference in enzyme activity between the three groups. There was no significant correlation between age and AchE activity. AchE was also measured in 20 two-ml samples of CSF collected sequentially by lumbar puncture in two neurosurgical patients who had been recumbent for at least 8 hours. Variations in AchE between samples were small. In neither patient was there an increase in AchE activity with progressive sampling. These data indicate that (1) AchE is unchanged in Korsakoff psychosis (2) decreases in brain AchE which are found in DAT are not readily reflected in lumbar CSF (3) AchE in lumbar CSF has a diffuse origin including spinal cord (4) CSF AchE activity is unlikely to be a useful clinical marker for DAT. PMID- 6531065 TI - Effects of aging and dementia upon recent visuospatial memory. AB - In two experiments, a total of 20 young normals, 29 elderly normals, and 76 elderly demented subjects were administered a computerized delayed visuospatial recall task. Subjects were instructed to remember which room of a 25-room house had a light on in the window. A choice reaction time task was interposed during the delay interval (0-120 seconds) between stimulus presentation and recall. The test was designed to be (1) face valid-relevant to the subjects' everyday lives, (2) sensitive and specific to the cognitive decline associated with senile dementia of the Alzheimer's type (SDAT), and (3) comparable to animal memory tests. Immediate recall of the spatial location of a single stimulus was found to be deficient in severely demented subjects only, and all groups exhibited a decline in recall accuracy with increasing delay intervals. This decline in recall accuracy was greatest in severely demented subjects, smaller in less demented subjects, still smaller in aged normals, and smallest in young normals. No significant forgetting of spatial location occurred between 30 and 120 seconds after stimulus presentation. Increasing stimulus number decreased recall accuracy in all groups and the elderly and elderly demented subjects were more sensitive to the increase in stimulus load than the young normals. Choice reaction time also proved sensitive to age and severity of dementia. Correlation analyses demonstrated that delayed spatial recall (as well as choice reaction time) is highly correlated with clinically evaluated global cognitive status, as well as with tests of verbal recall.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6531066 TI - Effects of 2-deoxyglucose on plasma catecholamines in adult and aged rats. AB - To examine the effects of aging on the responsiveness of the sympathetic-adrenal medullary system, I have measured plasma levels of norepinephrine (NE) and epinephrine (EPI) in adult (6 months old) and aged (24 months old) Fischer 344 male rats. Two days prior to testing, rats were surgically prepared with chronic tail artery catheters to permit remote sampling of blood in conscious, unrestrained animals. Following collection of basal blood samples, each rat received a single injection of 2-deoxyglucose (2-DG, 250 or 500 mg/kg, IP) and additional blood samples were collected 1, 2 and 4 hours later. 2-DG, a glucose analogue, stimulates a centrally mediated activation of the adrenal medulla and to a lesser extent the postganglionic sympathetic neurons. For purposes of analysis, data were excluded from animals which died within 4 hours after injection. Basal plasma levels of both catecholamines were similar in adult and aged rats. Administration of 2-DG was attended by significant and sustained increases in plasma NE and EPI in rats of both ages. A greater proportion of aged rats died following administration of 2-DG compared to adult rats. At the higher dose of 2-DG, plasma levels of NE were significantly higher in 6 month old rats at 1 and 2 hours post-injection. In contrast, plasma levels of EPI were significantly higher in 24 month old rats at 1 and 2 hours after administration of 250 mg/kg 2-DG and at 1 hour after administration of 500 mg/kg 2-DG.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6531067 TI - Age-related differences in recovery cycle of auditory evoked potentials. AB - Age-related differences in cerebral responsiveness to stimuli as reflected by the recovery cycle of cortical auditory evoked potentials (EPs) were investigated in healthy young and elderly adults. Pairs of identical tones separated by a fixed 350 msec interval were presented at rates of 1.0/sec, 0.5/sec, and 0.2/sec (inter pair-intervals of 650, 1650, or 4650 msec). No age difference in the P1-N1 or N1 P2 amplitudes to either tone of the pair was present with the two faster stimulation rates. However, age-specific amplitude effects emerged for the slowest rate. The P1-N1 and especially the N1-P2 amplitude of the EP to the first as compared to that of the second tone was greatly enhanced among the young, but not as much among the elderly adults. Similarly, group differences in baseline to N1 and P2 amplitude measures of EPs to the first tone of the pair were most pronounced at the fastest stimulation rate. These data indicate clear differences in the recovery cycle of EPs between normal young and elderly subjects and demonstrate the applicability of the two-tone stimulation procedure in the assessment of cerebral responsivity in normal and pathologic populations. PMID- 6531069 TI - Role of membrane lipid asymmetry in aging. By F. Schroeder. Peer commentaries. PMID- 6531068 TI - Morphometric effects of exposure to lead during the preweaning period on the hippocampal formation of aging rats. AB - Our previous morphologic studies in the rat demonstrated that exposure to lead during the preweaning period induced delays in the maturation of late-developing regions of the hippocampal formation at 15 days of age, followed by normal development or hypertrophy of the same areas in young adulthood. The present study was carried out to determine whether or not subtle or latent effects of such exposure to lead may be unmasked with the additional challenge of aging. To do this, mid-dorsal sections of the hippocampal formation from middle-aged (578 631 days old) Long-Evans control rats and from rats exposed to lead from birth until weaning via dams drinking 0.2% lead acetate were analyzed by light and electron microscopy. Exposure to lead did not alter areas of either neuropil or neuronal layers of the hippocampus or the dentate gyrus or the numbers per section or numerical densities (numbers per unit area) of neurons in hippocampal CA3 stratum pyramidale or dentate stratum granulosum. It did reduce mean size of complex invaginated mossy fiber synapses without altering their numbers in the proximal (close to dentate gyrus) mossy fiber zone, which was the zone also affected at 15 and 90 days of age in our previous studies. PMID- 6531071 TI - Naming plan for membrane transport systems for amino acids. PMID- 6531070 TI - Determination of C20-C30 fatty acids by reversed-phase chromatographic techniques: an efficient method to quantitate minor fatty acids in serum of patients with adrenoleukodystrophy. AB - An analytical method for the determination of saturated very long chain (VLC) fatty acids in the serum has been devised. Free fatty acids obtained after hydrolysis of total lipid extracts were converted into p-bromophenacyl esters. The derivatives were purified in two sequential steps by clean-up on C18 reversed phase cartridge and fractionation by reversed-phase thin-layer chromatography (TLC), and then quantitated by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis. This technique provides a reliable and alternative method for the biochemical identification of patients and carriers of an inherited metabolic disease characterized by the accumulation of saturated VLC fatty acids (C24-C26) such as Adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD). In four cases of diagnosed ALD the fatty acid composition of serum total lipids was dramatically enriched in saturated VLC fatty acids compared to controls. The ratio of hexacosanoic acid (C26:0) to docosanoic acid (C22:0) in ALD patients was approximately six-fold higher than that of healthy controls or patients affected by metabolic or neurological disorders other than ALD. PMID- 6531072 TI - Meptazinol cross-tolerance studies between morphine or oxotremorine. AB - The time course of the development of auto-tolerance to meptazinol as determined by combined heat and pressure nociceptive tests has been examined using two dose levels of meptazinol (10 mg and 30 mgkg-1s.c.) corresponding to the partial agonist and cholinergic components respectively. In mice treated twice daily with meptazinol for eight days, there was cross tolerance to morphine in both tests at each dose level of meptazinol. In chronic morphine treated mice challenged with meptazinol (30 mg kg-1 s.c.), there was no cross tolerance with morphine since meptazinol still retained its antinociceptive effects in both tests. Mice treated chronically with meptazinol (30 mgkg-1 s.c.) did not respond to the cholinomimetic agent oxotremorine, implying that there was cross tolerance between these two analgesics. These data suggest the existence of a one-way tolerance between morphine and meptazinol whilst at higher doses of meptazinol a full tolerance occurs with oxotremorine. PMID- 6531073 TI - Further evidence for a bidirectional effect of naloxone on the pain threshold in tolerant and non-tolerant arthritic rats. AB - In arthritic rats, low doses of naloxone induced powerful analgesic effects (as gauged by the vocalization threshold elicited by pressure on the paw) which were marked for 3 and 6 micrograms/kg IV, whereas high doses (1000 and 3000 micrograms/kg IV) induced hyperalgesia. This bidirectional effect persisted in arthritic rats rendered tolerant to morphine, but whereas the analgesic effects were suppressed or reduced, the hyperalgesic effects induced by the higher doses were unchanged. These results suggest that the analgesic and hyperalgesic effects might be mediated by different systems. PMID- 6531074 TI - The effects of etorphine on the carboxylmethylation of synaptosomal proteins of rat striatum. AB - The stimulation of protein carboxylmethyl transferase (PCMT) activity in rat striatal synaptosomes by the dopamine agonist, apomorphine, and a PCMT substrate, calmodulin, was measured in normal and opioid-treated rats to see if inactivation of calmodulin by methylation is a factor in opioid action. Total carboxyl methyl acceptors were measured in preparations from alkaline homogenates, while those already occupied in vivo were measured in acidic homogenates, since the carboxylmethyl group is stable in acid. The administration of etorphine acutely increased the number of already occupied acceptors while chronic morphine treatment decreased this number. Apomorphine stimulation of PCMT activity was significant only when tested for direction of change from control values. Calmodulin was a substrate for PCMT in all preparations. PMID- 6531075 TI - Effects of morphine and (D-Ala, Met)-enkephalinamide on 45Ca-uptake to rat brain striatal slices. AB - Effects of morphine and (D-Ala, Met)-enkephalinamide on 45Ca-uptake to rat striatal slices were examined. While morphine didn't give any effect on 45Ca uptake to striatal slices in normal Krebs-Ringer solution, it inhibited K+ (40 mM)-stimulated 45Ca-uptake to slices. In high K+ medium, 45Ca-uptake was enhanced to 170% and this was reduced to 147 and 137% by 10(-5) and 10(-4) M morphine, respectively. Furthermore, the effect of morphine was antagonized by 10(-5) M naloxone. (D-Ala, Met)-enkephalinamide (10(-4) M) also inhibited K+-stimulated 45Ca-uptake to the slices to the same extent as was observed by morphine. K+ stimulated 45Ca-uptake to striatal slices obtained from chronically morphine administered rat (6 mg/kg, twice/day, 7 days) was not inhibited by morphine. PMID- 6531076 TI - Etorphine pharmacokinetics in the rat: experimental data and mathematical model. AB - Rats were injected i.v. with 3H-etorphine (200 ng/Kg). At least 85% of the dose was cleared from the blood in the first 2 min. Blood levels continued to fall slowly from about 5% of the administered dose after 15 min to less than 2% after 3 hours. Although more than 15% of the dose was found in the liver and kidney after 15 min, labeled material did not further accumulate in these organs, but decreased to about 3% after 3 hours. The concentration of labeled material (dpm/mg tissue) in cerebellum was less than half that attained in other brain regions at early time points, probably reflecting the low number of opiate receptors in this region. After 2 hours, however, there was little difference between cerebellum and other brain regions. The highest brain concentrations observed were at the earliest time point examined (7 min). An open four compartment kinetic model was constructed to fit the data for etorphine concentrations in (i) plasma, (ii) cerebellum, and (iii) brain (excluding cerebellum). The model has 3 spatial compartments: plasma, brain, and all tissues other than brain. Etorphine in brain occupies either of 2 functional compartments: one representing receptor-bound ligand and the other, the sum of free and nonspecifically bound ligand. The dissociation rate constant for etorphine in vivo obtained by fitting model equations to data was 0.06 min-1, similar to that obtained in vitro in the presence of 150 mM sodium ion. PMID- 6531077 TI - A genetic analysis of morphine responses in mice. AB - To investigate whether genetic factors may play a role in the difference of the responses to morphine between inbred strains of mice, we determined the effect of morphine on the plasma cyclic nucleotides, the motor activity and the rectal temperature in the 2 progenitor strains of mice, DBA and C57BL, their F1 and F2 hybrids, and the 2 backcross progenies between F1 and parental strains. C57BL was partially dominant over DBA concerning the motor activity induced by morphine, whereas DBA was partially dominant over C57BL in terms of the increase in plasma cyclic nucleotides and the hypothermia elicited by morphine. The biometric analysis suggested that the strain difference in the effects of morphine was genetically determined except for plasma cyclic AMP, and that among these quantitative traits, the effects of morphine on motor activity and rectal temperature were controlled by more than one allelic gene pairs. PMID- 6531078 TI - Intracerebroventricular vs. subcutaneous drug administration: apples and oranges? AB - For numerous reasons, the icv route is commonly used to administer endogenous opioid peptides and other newly discovered or synthesized substances and may often indicate whether the drug has actions on the brain. Effects are then routinely compared to the actions of prototypic agents given by some systemic route, such as sc or ip. Unfortunately, there is little appreciation that qualitative as well as quantitative differences can be seen when the same drug is administered by central as opposed to peripheral routes. Numerous factors undoubtedly contribute to the final effect. Whatever the explanation, failure to recognize that such differences may occur could result in incorrect conclusions as to the involvement of specific receptor types or subtypes. PMID- 6531079 TI - Fetal lamb clearance of morphine as determined by high performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. AB - Morphine clearance from plasma was determined during constant rate drug infusion in 10 late gestation fetal lambs. Clearance, 65 +/- 6 ml.min-1.kg-1, was independent of infusion rate. Morphine clearance was a first order process in the dose range studied. PMID- 6531080 TI - New developments in nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) imaging. AB - The basic principles of NMRI are explained. Examples are given of the current medical uses of imaging with protons and other nuclei as well. Further developments towards spectroscopic imaging are discussed. PMID- 6531081 TI - Magnetic resonance tomography (MRT) of intracranial tumours: initial experience with the use of the contrast medium Gadolinium-DTPA. AB - The present study provides an introduction to the clinical diagnosis of intracranial lesions by means of magnetic resonance tomography (MRT). The demonstration of different tissue qualities (bone and bone marrow, cerebral cortex and medulla, ventricular system (CSF), blood, tumour and perifocal oedema) in the MR tomogram is explained. The principles of specific MRT contrast media and their clinical application in brain tumours are discussed in detail. PMID- 6531082 TI - [Significance of variations in the voltage of the R wave during the exertion test. Influence of the heart rate on the sensitivity and specificity of delta-R criteria]. PMID- 6531083 TI - [Echocardiographic study of 2 cases of primary tumors of the heart]. PMID- 6531084 TI - [Carotid endarterectomy with patch. Long-term results and conclusive considerations on the use of an intraluminal shunt based on continuous electroencephalographic control for the prevention of cerebral ischemia caused by carotid clamping]. PMID- 6531085 TI - [A case of pelvic lipomatosis associated with deep venous thrombosis of the leg. Clinical case and review of the literature]. PMID- 6531087 TI - [Quadricuspid aortic valve and pulmonary valve stenosis. A rare combination in the adult]. PMID- 6531086 TI - [Weber's syndrome. Apropos of a case]. PMID- 6531088 TI - [Remote results of the substitution of an isolated mitral valve with a Starr Edwards prosthesis]. PMID- 6531089 TI - [Surgical correction of organic tricuspid stenosis with a conservative technic]. PMID- 6531090 TI - [Electrocardiographic changes in intracranial hypertension]. PMID- 6531091 TI - [Efficacy of acebutolol in hypertensive and arrhythmia patients]. PMID- 6531092 TI - [Usefulness of ECO 2-D in the identification of postinfarct aneurysms in aged patients with coronary diseases]. PMID- 6531094 TI - [Computerized analysis of M-mode echocardiography in the initial stages of hemochromatotic infiltrative cardiopathy]. PMID- 6531093 TI - [Influence of intradialysis dehydration on the behavior of left ventricular function during hemodialysis. Echocardiographic study]. PMID- 6531095 TI - [Heart rupture in acute infarction. Clinicopathological study of 89 cases]. PMID- 6531096 TI - [Effect of various risk factors on long-term survival in ischemic heart disease]. PMID- 6531097 TI - [Heart valve prostheses. A guide to radiological identification]. PMID- 6531098 TI - [Paralysis of the left recurrent nerve associated with severe pulmonary hypertension in a woman having had surgery of Botallo's duct]. PMID- 6531099 TI - [Late postoperative pericardial effusion. Incidence and risk factors]. PMID- 6531100 TI - [Essential arterial hypertension: influence of the hormonal pattern and the exercise test on hemorheology. Preliminary results]. PMID- 6531101 TI - [Slow-release oxprenolol and chlortalidone administered once daily in essential hypertension]. PMID- 6531102 TI - [Systematic artificial ventilation in pediatric neurosurgery]. PMID- 6531103 TI - [Use of a special tube in bronchoscopy. Clinical indications and anesthesiologic technic]. PMID- 6531104 TI - [Clinico-statistical study on various factors that could influence the area of analgesia in lumbar epidural block]. PMID- 6531106 TI - [Harmful pulmonary edema in anesthesia. Presentation of a clinical case]. PMID- 6531105 TI - [Anesthesiologic rhabdomyolysis in muscular dystrophy. Report of a case]. PMID- 6531107 TI - [On the relation between blood and spinal fluid beta-endorphins and pain caused by disk hernia]. PMID- 6531108 TI - [Postoperative analgesia in children by caudal block]. PMID- 6531109 TI - [Delayed left hydrothorax following cannulation of the left internal jugular vein]. PMID- 6531110 TI - [Anaphylactic shock caused by pancuronium bromide. A clinical case]. PMID- 6531111 TI - [Post-resection bronchial fistulas. 30 years' experience]. PMID- 6531113 TI - [Suture materials in tracheobronchial surgery]. PMID- 6531115 TI - [Early gastric cancer. Case contribution]. PMID- 6531112 TI - [Partial sparing of splenic parenchyma to prevent post-splenectomy hyposplenism. Considerations on the performance of splenectomy in the rat]. PMID- 6531114 TI - [Preliminary mid-term results of an intensive follow-up protocol for cancer of the rectum]. PMID- 6531116 TI - [Diagnostic and therapeutic problems of primary malignant non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the stomach]. PMID- 6531117 TI - [Primary retroperitoneal sarcomas]. PMID- 6531118 TI - [Continuous peritoneal lavage with antiblastics in the treatment of ovarian carcinoma in the ascitic phase. Preliminary results]. PMID- 6531119 TI - [Thoracotomy with minimal muscle damage]. PMID- 6531120 TI - [Anatomo-clinical correlations in the polycystic ovary syndrome]. PMID- 6531121 TI - [Mesosigmoidoplasty in the treatment of volvulus of the sigmoid. Personal technic]. PMID- 6531122 TI - [2 cases of pulmonary hamartochondroma]. PMID- 6531123 TI - [Pulmonary aspergilloma. Case report]. PMID- 6531124 TI - [Extensive heterotopy of the gastric mucosa in a bilobed gallbladder]. PMID- 6531125 TI - [Intestinal infarct. Review of 16 cases]. PMID- 6531126 TI - [Granulomatous enterocolitis and colo-duodenal fistula]. PMID- 6531127 TI - [Hyperacute complications of hepato-colic amebiasis. Apropos of a case of cecal perforation]. PMID- 6531128 TI - [Rare case of inguino-scrotal hernia containing the stomach]. PMID- 6531129 TI - [Precancerous and other high risk conditions in the pathogenesis of stomach cancer]. PMID- 6531130 TI - [Factors influencing the prognosis of rectal tumors]. PMID- 6531131 TI - [Serum gastrin, basal and after stimulation, in patients with liver cirrhosis or duodenal ulcer]. PMID- 6531132 TI - [Gastric acid secretion and the pain syndrome in active and cicatrized duodenal ulcers]. PMID- 6531133 TI - [Acute cholecystitis. Physiopathology, clinical course, therapy]. PMID- 6531134 TI - [Trends in the surgical treatment of ulcerative rectocolitis]. PMID- 6531135 TI - [Carcinoid tumor of the gastrointestinal tract. Study of a case of rare localization]. PMID- 6531136 TI - [Gastric pseudolymphoma. Experience with 3 clinical cases]. PMID- 6531137 TI - Effects of oral lynestrenol administration on prenatal and postnatal progeny development in rabbits. AB - Pregnant Belted Dutch rabbits were administered lynestrenol (17-alpha-ethynyl oestr-4-en-17-beta-ol) orally on days 6-18 of gestation at a dose of 0.5 mg/kg/day. The dose littered on term and the surviving offspring were observed until four weeks old. Neurological disturbances characterized by behavioural abnormalities and locomotor disabilities were observed. About 40% of the offspring died within four weeks, and more than 70% of these had congenital malformations. PMID- 6531138 TI - Late sequelae after meningococcal disease as related to anamnestic and clinical factors recorded during the acute illness. AB - In 71 males who survived acute meningococcal disease 3 to 15 years ago at an age of about 20, associations between acute clinical conditions (including a few pre- and post-admission variables) and late sequelae have been studied. There was a higher rate of sequelae symptoms (mainly light neurological and mental disturbances) among survivors from meningitis (76%) than among those who had had both meningitis and septicemia (58%) or pure septicemia (50%). Twenty percent of control persons experienced such symptoms. "Changed Life" because of serious educational and working problems followed in 29% of the meningitis cases and 70% of the septicemia cases. Most of the clinical and laboratory factors separately examined were not significantly correlated to the sequelae rates. However, less than 2.5 mmol/l glucose in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) on admission (p less than 0.01), more than 1000 X 10(6) white blood cells per 1 in the cerebrospinal fluid (p less than 0.05), fever for more than 8 days (p less than 0.05), and probable cerebral symptoms the first week (p less than 0.05), were all positively correlated to a high rate of late sequelae. Well documented early sequelae correlated with serious late sequelae (p = 0.05). No conspicuous associations between acute antibiotic treatment and late sequelae were found. A combination of CSF glucose, blood thrombocytes, and cells in CSF on admission yielded a multiple regression score which seems to be a moderately reliable predictor of sequelae (R = 0.46). Hospital treatment should both aim at avoiding death and escaping residual effects. Because many prognostic factors for sequelae on admission are different from those for lethality, scoring for sequelae may be helpful in such secondary prevention of sequelae. Early standardized registration of sequelae may also be of value in tertiary prevention. PMID- 6531139 TI - Nuclear medicine, a European specialty. PMID- 6531140 TI - Left ventricular function and the distribution of pulmonary and total blood volume in hypertensive and normotensive man. AB - Using radionuclide methods the relationship between total and central blood volume and left ventricular function was studied in 12 patients with untreated essential hypertension and contrasted with the findings in eight normotensive subjects. The principal findings were of an increased stroke volume and end diastolic volume with an increase in the ratio of pulmonary to total blood volume in the hypertensive patients. Left ventricular ejection fraction was similar in both groups but end-systolic volume was increased presumably in response to the increased afterload of the ventricle. The increased pulmonary blood volume may be secondary to altered left ventricular mechanics and not a primary determinant of cardiac function. PMID- 6531141 TI - Gallbladder emptying. PMID- 6531142 TI - Which gamma camera? AB - Performance data on seven currently available gamma cameras have been presented. Where appropriate, results from both the DHSS and NEMA are included. It should be emphasized that no 'best buy' exists for all types of nuclear medicine application and that the performance figures presented in this paper must be interpreted in the light of clinical priorities. No mention has been made of optional extras for a camera system, long-term system reliability, availability of efficient servicing and last but not least, cost. Such details will no doubt be considered as important as the basic performance of the camera. Finally, continued improvements in gamma camera design and performance are likely to necessitate a further communication in the not too distant future. PMID- 6531143 TI - The determination of relative renal function by optical densitometry. PMID- 6531144 TI - Ventricular function in thyrotoxicosis complicated by atrial fibrillation. AB - The radionuclide gated ventriculogram was used to study the association between thyrotoxic atrial fibrillation and underlying ischaemic heart disease. Comparison between ten patients with atrial fibrillation induced by thyrotoxicosis which reverted to sinus rhythm after return to a euthyroid state, and ten age-matched controls with treated hyperthyroidism who never developed atrial fibrillation, showed no significant difference in the incidence of underlying ischaemic heart disease. This study suggests that further investigation for underlying coronary arterial disease is not indicated in simple, reversible, thyrotoxic atrial fibrillation. PMID- 6531145 TI - Uptake of 99Tcm-sulphur colloid by deep vein thrombi: a case report. PMID- 6531146 TI - Gastro-oesophageal reflux scintigraphy compared with pH probe monitoring. PMID- 6531147 TI - Distribution in man of 111In-labelled liposomes containing a water-insoluble antimitotic agent. PMID- 6531148 TI - Spreading the word. PMID- 6531149 TI - Which computer? PMID- 6531150 TI - Time course of thyroglobulin autoantibodies in patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma after radioiodine therapy. AB - The time course of thyroglobulin (Tg) was monitored in patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma after ablative therapy (thyroidectomy + 131I treatment) with particular respect to endogeneous antibodies (Tg-ABs). In 232 patients (196 without Tg-ABs, 36 with Tg-ABs at the time of treatment) a sensitivity of 88% (accuracy, 93%) was found at the first follow up examination. Twelve months later, 11 of the 36 patients did not present Tg-ABs, therefore, the sensitivity increased to 91% (accuracy, 94%) at that time. It is expected that the determination of Tg can also be employed in patients presenting ABs initially. PMID- 6531151 TI - Retention ratio image: a useful parametric image for detecting intrahepatic lithiasis. PMID- 6531152 TI - Displays in nuclear medicine. PMID- 6531153 TI - Differential radioactivity monitor for noninvasive detection of ocular melanoma. AB - A novel instrument for the noninvasive diagnosis of ocular melanoma was evaluated with 67Ga in patients with pathologically confirmed tumours. The decision to enucleate was based on the results of standard ophthalmic diagnostic modalities including the 32P uptake test. The differences in the ocular radioactivity at 48 72 h predicted the presence of ocular abnormality. A positive differential result was found for tumours having a volume of greater than 600 mm3. Smaller tumours indicated lower retention of 67Ga in the eye with the tumour, whereas control subjects showed less than 2% differences in the radioactivity present in either eye. PMID- 6531154 TI - Posterior oblique radioisotope sinogram for detection of sagittal sinus obstruction. PMID- 6531155 TI - Diuresis renography and parenchymal transit times in the assessment of renal pelvic dilatation. AB - A comparison has been made between the results of diuresis renography and deconvolution analysis of the renogram in 36 patients (46 kidneys) with urographically demonstrated renal pelvic dilatation. The mean transit times obtained by deconvolution analysis of the parenchymal renograms of eight normal volunteers had a mean value of 2.8 + 0.6 (S.D.) min, and the upper limit of normal was thus established as 4 min. Twenty-two of 29 kidneys (76%) with nonobstructive diuresis renograms had parenchymal mean transit times of 4 min or below. Fourteen out of 17 kidneys (82%) with obstructive diuresis renograms had parenchymal mean transit times above 4 min. Both investigations may contribute to the noninvasive assessment of dilated renal pelves; the parenchymal retention function (quantified by mean transit time) assesses the effects of dilatation on tubular transit and renal function, whereas the diuresis renogram is a more specific test for evaluating impedance to flow. PMID- 6531156 TI - Potential radiation dose to a breast-fed infant following administration of sodium 32P-phosphate to the mother. AB - A 32P uptake test to diagnose an intraocular tumour was performed on a lactating woman. Breast feeding of her infant had been stopped and after injection of the 32P, a sample of breast milk on two consecutive days was collected. The concentration of 32P in the milk was greater in the second sample than the first, but it was calculated that the potential whole body radiation dose to her infant on the second day would not have exceeded 180 microSv (18 mrem). PMID- 6531158 TI - Nuclear medicine across the world: facing the realities. PMID- 6531157 TI - Gallbladder emptying. PMID- 6531159 TI - The clinical utility of gated 201Tl myocardial scintigraphy: a suggested method instead of the conventional static study. PMID- 6531160 TI - Potential application of 4-iodoantipyrine 123I and a portable detector in the determination of hepatic drug-oxidizing enzyme activities. PMID- 6531161 TI - Effects of statistical quality, sampling rate and temporal filtering techniques on the extraction of functional parameters from the left ventricular time activity curves. AB - Several techniques for the processing of a series of curves derived from two left ventricular time-activity curves acquired at rest and during exercise with a nuclear stethoscope were evaluated. They were three and five point time smoothing, Fourier filtering preserving one to four harmonics (H), truncated curve Fourier filtering, and third degree polynomial curve fitting. Each filter's ability to recover, with fidelity, systolic and diastolic function parameters was evaluated under increasingly 'noisy' conditions and at several sampling rates. Third degree polynomial curve fittings and truncated Fourier filters exhibited very high sensitivity to noise. Three and five point time smoothing had moderate sensitivity to noise, but were highly affected by sampling rate. Fourier filtering preserving 2H or 3H produced the best compromise with high resilience to noise and independence of sampling rate as far as the recovery of these functional parameters is concerned. PMID- 6531162 TI - The probabilistic image: a concise image representation technique for multiple parameters. PMID- 6531163 TI - An analysis of the uptake of 99Tcm-sulphur colloid by liver and spleen. PMID- 6531164 TI - [Effectiveness of the surgical treatment of progressive myopia in children and adolescents]. PMID- 6531165 TI - [Comparative evaluation of the immediate results of scleroplastic operations using allosclera and allofascia in progressive myopia]. PMID- 6531167 TI - [Brephoscleroplasty in progressive myopia]. PMID- 6531166 TI - [Effectiveness of scleroplasty in myopia]. PMID- 6531168 TI - [Intralamellar reinforcement of the sclera in high myopia complicated by hemorrhage and transudative macular dystrophy]. PMID- 6531169 TI - [Retroscleral filling as a treatment method in progressive myopia]. PMID- 6531170 TI - [Late results of introducing allotissue into Tenon's space in progressive myopia]. PMID- 6531171 TI - [Immunodepressants and the sympathetic reaction]. PMID- 6531172 TI - [Changes in collagen metabolism in relation to the stage of the primary open angle form of glaucoma]. PMID- 6531173 TI - [Function of the carotid siphon and of the vessels of the anterior and posterior eye segments in arteriosclerosis and open-angle glaucoma patients]. PMID- 6531174 TI - [Indices of body development and the circadian excretion of 17 hydroxycorticosteroids and 17-ketosteroids in children with myopia at various ages]. PMID- 6531175 TI - [A new system of selecting and fabricating correcting contact lenses and its effectiveness]. PMID- 6531177 TI - [Optico-cosmetic method of keratoprosthesis]. PMID- 6531176 TI - [Phosphaden in the treatment of patients with age-related macular dystrophies]. PMID- 6531178 TI - [Action on the apparatus of accommodation--an effective means of preventing myopia and its progression]. PMID- 6531179 TI - [Elimination of traumatic iridiodialysis]. PMID- 6531180 TI - [Elimination of iridodialysis using a needle with the eye at the tip without sectioning the anterior chamber]. PMID- 6531181 TI - [Method of diagnosing intraocular neoplasm by using flashing light]. PMID- 6531182 TI - [Technic of retrobulbar injection]. PMID- 6531183 TI - [Treatment of chronic conjunctivitis]. PMID- 6531184 TI - [Improvements in the OM-2 operating microscope model 178]. PMID- 6531185 TI - [Prognosis of corneal endothelial function after phacoemulsification with simultaneous implantation of Fedorov-Zakharov iris-clips-lenses]. PMID- 6531186 TI - [Eye function in elderly persons with thyroid dysfunction]. PMID- 6531187 TI - [Diagnosis and management of fresh injuries of knee joint ligaments]. PMID- 6531189 TI - [Teamwork--apropos of correspondence]. PMID- 6531188 TI - [Partial thrombosis of the superior sagittal sinus following carbon monoxide poisoning]. PMID- 6531190 TI - Neonatal meningitis at Dr Pirngadi General Hospital Medan (1972-1980). PMID- 6531191 TI - Rotavirus gastroenteritis in Medan (Part four). PMID- 6531192 TI - Types of allergen affecting asthmatic children. PMID- 6531193 TI - Tuberculous meningitis at the Department of Childhealth Dr Pirngadi Hospital Medan (1979). PMID- 6531194 TI - [Clinical significance of the paraspinal line]. PMID- 6531195 TI - [Relationship between serial CT findings and clinical course of purulent meningitis]. PMID- 6531196 TI - [Computed tomography of hemangioma of the liver: study on high-dose contrast enhancement CT]. PMID- 6531197 TI - [Results of multidisciplinary treatment for squamous cell carcinoma of the maxillary antrum]. PMID- 6531198 TI - [Treatment planning with head and neck immobilization shell. Use of thermo plasticity polyester resin]. PMID- 6531199 TI - [Three component digital images by polychromatic photon absorptiometry--analysis of a human sample containing thorotrast]. PMID- 6531200 TI - [Changes of lymphocyte subsets in peripheral blood and cancer tissue during radiotherapy--analysis with monoclonal antibodies]. PMID- 6531201 TI - [Visualization, diagnostic capability and safety of iopamidol, a nonionic contrast medium in cardiovascular angiography]. PMID- 6531202 TI - [Clinical evaluation of iopamidol in angiocardiography--a comparative study with diatrizoate]. PMID- 6531203 TI - [Metastatic pulmonary calcification--chest roentgenographic manifestations in 11 cases associated with hematologic disorder]. PMID- 6531204 TI - [Evaluation of the posterior tracheal band and posterior wall of the bronchus intermedius on lateral plain chest radiograph in esophageal carcinoma]. PMID- 6531205 TI - [Flow-cytometric analysis of changes in lymphocyte subsets in the blood of cancer patients during radiation therapy]. PMID- 6531206 TI - [Fundamental study of image diagnostic medicine. II. Local cerebral glucose metabolism in cerebral infarction]. PMID- 6531207 TI - Influence of vaccination of sows with Bordetella-Pasteurella vaccines on the occurrence of atrophic rhinitis among their offspring after experimental infection with Bordetella bronchiseptica and toxigenic Pasteurella multocida. AB - Experimental infections with Bordetella bronchiseptica and a toxigenic strain of Pasteurella multocida were carried out in newborn piglets from 25 sows. Severe progressive atrophic rhinitis corresponding to the natural disease was produced. The effect of vaccination of sows during pregnancy with two vaccines containing antigens from B. bronchiseptica and toxigenic P. multocida on the incidence of nasal lesions in the offspring was studied. PMID- 6531208 TI - The relationship between certain clinical characteristics and course of disease in milk fever in dairy cows. AB - Recovery rate after one treatment and mortality rate in cows with clinical milk fever were related to several clinical characteristics recorded immediately prior to first treatment, namely: Appetite, mobility, demeanour, whether or not hyperhidrosis was present, pulse quality, pulse rhythm, pulse rate and rectal temperature. Furthermore, the same symptoms at second treatment and subsequent course of disease in milk fever cows which received at least two treatments were found to be related. Recovery rate after first treatment was lower in cows which had been recumbent for more than one hour before treatment than in those which had been down for a shorter period. As regards cows which received at least two treatments, the recovery rate after second treatment was higher in those which had been on their feet for a shorter or longer period between first and second treatment than in those which has been recumbent during this period. PMID- 6531209 TI - Onchocerca lesions in moose (Alces alces L.). AB - Inflammatory discolorated granulomas occurred in 98% of investigated moose, 1.5 years of age or older. In moose calves no lesions were observed. The lesions were mainly located in tendineous tissues. Predilection sites were the insertions of M. sartorius and M. semitendinosus at the tibia. Lesions also occurred in peritendineous and subcutaneous tissues. The lesions were caused by Onchocerca worms. The character of the inflammatory reaction was benign and onchocercal lesions in moose appeared to be of minor importance for the health and mobility of the animals, and also from meat hygiene aspects. The found worm shows similarities regarding morphology and localization to O. tarsicola. As the worm, however, is very common in moose and seems to be well adapted to this animal, the presence of an Onchocerca species or strain specific to moose, can not be ruled out. PMID- 6531210 TI - Salmonella isolated from animals and feed stuffs in Sweden during 1978-1982. AB - Regulations concerning the control of Salmonella in animals are more strict in Sweden than in most other countries, though a certain liberalization took place in 1982. The main purpose of these regulations is to prevent transmission of Salmonella infections from animals to man. Veterinarians and laboratories are obliged to report all Salmonella cases to the veterinary authorities. The cases are recorded by the Swedish Board of Agriculture. During the period of this report, 1978-1982, 1266 outbreaks of Salmonella in animals were recorded in Sweden. Isolated strains belonged to 78 different serotypes. The most frequent serotypes were S. typhi-murium (38.5% of the recorded cases) and S. dublin (37%). S. dublin was isolated mainly from cattle, while S. typhi-murium was isolated from a wide range of animal species. Next in frequency are some serotypes isolated mainly from chicken, at rates around 2%: S. livingstone, S. liverpool, and S. agona. Of the 78 isolated serotypes, 25 were never isolated before from animals in Sweden. There were 687 outbreaks of Salmonella recorded in cattle. Predominant serotypes are S. dublin (67% of the outbreaks in cattle) and S. typhi murium (28%). The outbreaks of S. dublin, like earlier in the sixties and seventies, occurred mainly in south-eastern Sweden. The recorded occurrence of Salmonella in swine continued to decrease. During this period only 37 outbreaks were diagnosed. Of these more than half were caused by S. typhi-murium. S. choleraesuis was isolated from 6 cases only.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6531211 TI - [Deworming of corralled fallow deer (Dama dama) using mebendazole]. AB - The efficacy of mebendazole on nematode infections in farmed fallow-deer (Dama dama) was studied. The substance was administered as medicated feed, 6 mg/kg bodyweight during 10 days. At the same time the parasitic burden of the animals was investigated. A "springrise" of Trichostrongylidae, Trichuris and Capillaria was present during late winter--early spring following by a "self-cure" reaction. A "springrise" phenomenon in early spring was also evident for Chabertia and Dictyocaulus viviparus but excretion of eggs and larvae remained during spring. The effect of mebendazole on Chabertia was good while the effect on Dictyocaulus viviparus was incomplete probably due to arrested L5-larvae, which were unaffected by the anthelmintic during arrested state but after the deworming period developed into mature worms. Dewormed animals had a relative (%) growth increase which was 20% larger than the growth increase of non medicated animals. PMID- 6531212 TI - Ovarian tumors in sows. A report on 3 cases including a survey of the literature. PMID- 6531213 TI - Determination of myocardial FFA elimination rates by functional images of uncorrected half-time values. AB - This paper presents an alternative method of demarcating regions of interest over the myocardium after administration of 123I-heptadecanoic acid to patients with coronary artery disease. In a matrix of 32 X 32 pixels the elimination rates of the radioactivity, which are not corrected for background activity, are visualized per pixel in a functional image. The functional image showed areas in the myocardium with high values of uncorrected elimination rates. These areas corresponded with the tracer defects on the scintigram. Corrected elimination rates obtained from regions of interest of functional images were comparable with those of scintigrams. Thus based on functional images of uncorrected elimination rates a reliable, objective determination of regions of interest over normal and abnormal myocardium can be made. PMID- 6531214 TI - The spleen-to-liver ratios in hepatic diseases. AB - We compared light pen (LPEN) and Region of Interest (ROI) computer methods in determining spleen-to-liver (S/L) ratios both in anterior and posterior images in various liver diseases. The S/L ratio was independent of age or type of colloid used (equal particle size provided). Results with corresponding LPEN and ROI programs did not differ significantly from each other. The sensitivity and specificity were tested and the anterior view yielded somewhat better results than the posterior view but the best results were obtained when both projections were used. The sensitivity for all liver diseases was 60% and the corresponding specificity 93%. In hepatocellular diseases the sensitivity was 80-100%, but the S/L ration had only 37% sensitivity for hepatic metastases. Hepatomegaly in the anterior view was found in 67% of fatty liver cases, in 25% of cirrhosis cases, in 20% of hepatitis and in 25% of metastatic livers. Splenomegaly was noted in 39 54% of patients with hepatocellular diseases but only in 4-10% of metastatic diseases. PMID- 6531215 TI - [Fatigue fractures in top athletes. Value of and indications for skeletal scintigraphy]. AB - The early exclusion of the presence of a stress fracture may be decisive for the success of an athlete. Scintigraphy with a bone-seeking radiopharmaceutical is suitable for the early detection of stress lesions. Of 30 athletes, fractures were demonstrated in 17 whereas in 6 they were excluded. We found most fractures in the tarsal bones such as os naviculare pedis, ossa cuneiformia and talus. The type of sport engaged in appears to be an important factor in determining the location of the fracture. Scintiphotos were taken in several views using region of interest techniques and two phase-scintigraphy. This method is considered to be useful for localization and follow-up of skeletal stress lesions as well as for differential diagnosis. PMID- 6531216 TI - [Radiochemical purity studies on 10 radiopharmaceuticals]. AB - Ten radiopharmaceuticals in frequent clinical use were examined for their radiochemical purity. Thin-layer chromatography, paper chromatography and electrophoresis were used. The activity of the separated components was measured in a gamma sample changer. The assumed chemical identity of the radiochemical impurities was evaluated by comparing the results with data described in the literature. For all radiopharmaceuticals tested, the radiochemical purity was found to be not lower than the value claimed by the manufacturer and to be in accordance with the requirements of the European Pharmacopoeia as far as those pharmaceuticals are listed therein. PMID- 6531217 TI - Myocardial uptake of iodinated free fatty acids and 201Tl in experimental ischemia. AB - In an experimental study, we evaluated the uptake of (131I)-17-iodo heptadecanoic acid (131I-HDA), (125I)-15-4 (4-iodophenyl) pentadecanoic acid (125I-PPA) and thallium-201 (201Tl) in the dog heart. Twenty dogs were studied and divided into 3 groups: in group A, 10 dogs (4 normal, 6 with coronary artery occlusion) were studied with 131I-HDA and 201Tl; in group B, 5 dogs (with occlusion) received 125I-PPA and 201Tl; and in group C, 5 dogs (with occlusion) were studied with 125I-PPA and 131I-HDA. Two min after administration of the compounds the hearts were excised and stored in formaldehyde. After sectioning of the left ventricle, total uptake was counted and expressed in percentage of injected dose. Uptake in the normal myocardium (group A) was 4.2 +/- 0.6% for 131I-HDA and 4.6 +/- 0.7% for 201Tl; in the occluded dog hearts (group A) we measured values of 2.6 +/- 0.4% for 131I-HDA (p less than 0.001) and 3.4 +/- 0.6% for 201Tl (p less than 0.01). Uptake of 131I-HDA, 125I-PPA and 201Tl in groups B and C was not significantly different: group B, 125I-PPA 2.8 +/- 0.8% and 201Tl 2.5 +/- 0.5%; group C, 125I-PPA 1.9 +/- 0.7% and 131I-HDA 1.6 +/- 0.6%. Moreover, regional distribution of both iodinated fatty acids was quite comparable with the distribution of 201Tl. We conclude that 131I-HDA and 125I-PPA show similar uptake as 201Tl and are distributed according to coronary artery perfusion, which underscores their value as myocardial imaging agents. PMID- 6531218 TI - The use of autologous 111In-labelled platelets and scintigraphy to illustrate enhanced platelet activity during erection in the chacma baboon. AB - The demonstration of thrombelastographic hypercoagulability in the penile blood during erection, and the accompanying deposition of fibrin onto the endothelial layer of the deep penile artery and trabecular surface inspired this investigation of the possible role that platelets might play in the process. The bloodpooling pattern in the penis during and after erection from electro stimulation was studied in 9 male adult baboons (Papio ursinus) using in vivo 99mTc-labelled red blood cells and scintigraphy. Platelet activity was similarly investigated after administering autologous 111In-labelled platelets to the baboons. The results indicate an enhanced platelet concentration with respect to bloodpooling during erection, and an entrapment of platelets after erection. PMID- 6531220 TI - [Radiation-induced rectovaginal fistula (fistula rectovaginalis postradiologica)- a clinical problem]. PMID- 6531219 TI - [Comparison of results and complications of 2 methods of treatment of stage Ib cervical cancer: exclusive radiotherapy and combined treatment. I. Results of 5 years' observation of patients treated in 1973-1977]. PMID- 6531221 TI - [Use of metoclopramide for the prevention of vomiting induced by cytostatics]. PMID- 6531222 TI - [Epidemiology of malignant testicular neoplasms in Poland. Epidemiological analysis of mortality]. PMID- 6531223 TI - [Prognostic value of a histological classification of stomach cancer]. PMID- 6531224 TI - [Surgical treatment of chondrosarcoma of the shoulder girdle and pelvic bone with preservation of limb function (report of 3 cases)]. PMID- 6531225 TI - [Oncologic training of nurses--objectives and program]. PMID- 6531226 TI - [Failure in controlling tuberculosis in adolescents in the Szczecin district. I. Epidemiological studies]. PMID- 6531227 TI - [Failure of controlling tuberculosis in adolescents in the Szczecin district. II. Immunological studies]. PMID- 6531229 TI - [Celiac disease and short stature]. AB - The Authors analyze the prevalence (30,8%) of short stature in 39 coeliac patients at variable age. Height defect was especially remarkable in the subjects diagnosed after the fourth year of life. In 8 out of the studied coeliac patients, short stature was the only clinical sign at the time of diagnosis. Nevertheless, remote anamnesis revealed the existence of classical gastroenteric symptoms during the first 2 years of life. The Authors extensively report the clinical history of a coeliac girl who had been initially considered and treated as hypothyroid. PMID- 6531228 TI - [Psychological aspects of the epileptic child and his relationship to his family environment]. AB - Intellectual development and psychic problems were examined in thirty children, suffering from center - encephalic and focal epilepsy. Two parameters were taken into consideration: social insertion and family adaptation. Intellectual development was evaluated with the Terman-Merril test. At the same time, correlations between the epileptic form, the age of the onset of the seizures and their frequency, the precocity of therapeutic treatment were considered. The intellectual development and the personality were good in 23,7%, when the subjects were enclosed in valid familiar environment and when clinic disappearance of seizures was rapid; these aspects were compromised in 76,3%, when emotively valid family substractum was deficient and therapy was tardily started and barely efficient. On the basis of these data Authors affirm the importance of the precocity of therapy and the emotively valid substratum for preventing the behaviour disturbances in epileptic patients. PMID- 6531230 TI - [Gonadal involvement in the Schonlein-Henoch syndrome]. AB - The authors report a case of testicular involvement in the Henoch-Schonlein's purpura, in order to call attention on the problem of an affection which has sometimes an acute onset and may therefore undergo a useless explorative surgical intervention. With the help of the existing literature, they define the pathological feature and point out the feasibility of a differential diagnosis when looking for the usually observed involvements (skin, joints, kidney, ecc.), associated with H.S. syndrome, in an accentuated or just slightly evident way, as in the presently described case. PMID- 6531231 TI - [Clavicular fractures in the newborn infant]. AB - The frequency of the fracture of clavicle in liveborn infants delivered in the Obstetric Department of the School of Medicine of Sassari was retrospectively evaluated for the years 1977, 1978 and 1979. Moreover, all the fractured live infants born in 1980 were prospectively identified and compared to a group of unmatched controls, which included the live infant born immediately before and that born immediately after the index case. The same procedure was adopted when the fracture was identified in two infants born consecutively. The following variables were studied: date and hour of delivery, sex, birthweight, gestational age, type of labour, presentation and mode of delivery, Apgar at one minute, parity of the mother. There were 108 cases and 194 controls. The frequency of the fracture of clavicle showed a linear increase from 2.2/100 live births in 1977 to 4.8/100 live births in 1980; males were slightly more affected than females and the right clavicle was more frequently fractured than the left one (67% for the four years altogether). In the prospective study the only statistically significant differences between cases and controls were found for birthweight (less than 0.001) and mode of delivery (P less than 0.025): cases weighed more and were more frequently born by instrumental delivery (vacuum or forceps) than controls; none of the fractured infants was born by caesarean section. One of the fractured infants was affected by osteogenesis imperfecta and two other presented a transitory paresis of the omolateral brachial plexus; in the remaining cases the prognosis was good. PMID- 6531232 TI - [Hearing changes in patients with cleft lip and palate: clinico-statistical contribution]. AB - The otological complications which may occur in subjects with cleft lip and palate due to middle ear and tubal impairment related to velopharyngeal musculature are discussed. Three groups of patients aged 3-15 years have been submitted to clinical examination, audiometry and impedance measurement. In 2/3 of cases there was hearing impairment between 20-40 dB and 72% out of children younger than 8 years a pathological tymponometric curve was observed. These results confirm the positive relationship between cleft palate and hearing impairment and suggest that these children must be followed-up very carefully in oder to prevent middle ear and tubal alterations. PMID- 6531234 TI - [Holotelencephaly: description of a case]. AB - This study describe a case of SNC malformation that belongs to the prosencephalization defects. Particularly, the degree of cerebral anomalies and the gravity of facial abnormalities place the case in the group of Holotelencephalies. We have considered the ethiopathogenetic connections that can cause such embryonic damage, the clinical characteristics, the evolution and the prognosis, by the light of the dates provided by literature. Our patient is a six month-old female put under observation since her birth. PMID- 6531233 TI - [Perioperative water-electrolyte therapy in urologic surgery in childhood]. AB - Renal function was evaluated before and after introduction of different intraoperatory methods of hydroelectrolytic re-equilibrium in 172 children who underwent urological surgery. 24 h postoperatory renal function resulted not affected in the treated group, while significantly reduced in untreated patients. PMID- 6531235 TI - [Duplication of the femur, imperforate anus and polydactyly in a stillborn infant]. AB - An unusual case of stillborn fetus with imperforate anus and left lower limb malformation is described. The principal features were: femoral duplication, muscular atrophy below the knee, heel malformation with absence of calcaneous bone, presence of nine toes of the left foot associated with imperforate anus and with presence of cutaneous tag on the left buttock. No similar case reports are known by the Authors at the present time. PMID- 6531236 TI - [Hepato-diaphragmatic interposition of the colon (Chilaiditi syndrome)]. AB - The authors describe a Chilaiditi's Syndrome which they observed and supervised for two years. They consider its clinical picture, the essential elements for the diagnosis, the evolution and the therapy. In accordance with the pediatric literature the resolution was spontaneous, and this fact confirms the opportuneness of a therapy of wait, also to avoid an unnecessary surgical operation. PMID- 6531237 TI - [Rare case of double cyst of the omentum]. AB - In Pediatric Surgery "A. Meyer's" Hospital of Florence in the period 1973-1982 a people of 140.000 children is recovered. The AA report a case of double omental cyst, that is arrived in Hospital only for an increase of the abdomen. The omental cyst are uncommon in pediatric age and presents etiopathogenetic aspects still controverted. PMID- 6531238 TI - [Description of a case of Aicardi's syndrome]. AB - It is described a case of a Aicardi's syndrome: it is a question of a child observed for the first time when she was 3 months old in these was gived: alterations of the callosum corpus, and of the cerebellar vermis, ocular desed, epileptics convulsions and electroencephalographics alterations of ipsaritmic type. PMID- 6531239 TI - [Vaccination against rubella]. AB - The infection caused by the rubella virus is a mild disease usually with no or rare complications in children and adults. On the contrary, intrauterine fetal infection may result in defects of the child, which may either be present at birth or become apparent later in life. Such a risk led to the preparation and use of active immunoprophylaxis against rubella in females of child-bearing age, in order to prevent congenital rubella. Three rubella viruses are employed to prepare the vaccine, all derived from the same viral strain. Doubts however, exist about vaccination, in particular about (1) its teratogenic potential in pregnancy; (2) the duration of protection. As a matter of fact, congenital malformations in the fetus exposed to vaccine virus through the mother have been reported in 3% of cases. As to the second point, the data on the protective immunity in time of the vaccine are very controversial. It is clear, anyhow, that protection against infection is associated not only with persistence of adequate serum levels of antibody, but also with other immunological parameters which are still unknown. These considerations, together with the observation that a relative high percentage of vaccine recipients do not respond, lead us to suggest modifications in the present scheduling of immunization against rubella. PMID- 6531240 TI - Primary prevention of inherited disorders. Present and future possibilities. AB - Two models are presented of active prevention of human inherited diseases. In the first case, prevention of neural tube defects in man and mouse is achieved by the administration of vitamin A or a vitamin complex. In the second instance, correction of lysosomal enzyme deficiencies, research is in progress to identify cells which produce the missing enzyme and cannot be acutely rejected once transplanted in affected patients. Both attempts are still surrounded by controversy and uncertainties and are based on empirical grounds since little is yet known about the cause of the defects at molecular level. PMID- 6531241 TI - [Urinary tract infections: new approaches]. AB - Evidence that cure in acute, uncomplicated UTI will be achieved with a single dose treatment is reported. In according with experimental works on pyelonephritis and pharmacological and pharmacocynetic data on new aminoglycoside antibiotics, authors proposed a new approach in the management of UTI, acute bacterial pyelonephritis and asymptomatic bacteriuria in children. Association of bolus dose therapy, non chemoantibiotical control of periurethral and intestinal ecosystem, with frequent and systematic monitoring of bacteriuria, seems to be effective to control infection and to prevent the development of renal scarring. Management of UTI in childhood could be easier and not require intensive and prolonged courses of antimicrobial therapy. PMID- 6531243 TI - [Efficacy of intensive blue double-lamp phototherapy in the treatment of ABO incompatibility and idiopathic severe hemolytic jaundice]. AB - Blue phototherapy is now generally accepted to be effective in the management of neonatal hyperbilirubinaemia. The response to phototherapy increases with increasing the skin surface area exposed to fluorescent illumination. We investigate the effects of "Intensive double direction phototherapy" (Double blue light 2 X 30 microW/cm2) in the treatment of neonatal hyperbilirubinaemia of 42 infants with ABO haemolytic diseases and "idiopathic" jaundice. We have found that serum bilirubin levels in newborn infants may be controlled more effectively with double light treatment and that the number of exchange transfusions was reduced. PMID- 6531242 TI - [Problems in managing the newborn infant with lumbosacral meningomyelocele: basis for comprehensive care]. AB - Newborns affected by spina bifida with myelomeningocele has been managed in Bologna by a team of neurosurgeons and neonatologists, whose experience is described here. Among the main problems faced during a ten years period are: selection of infants for surgical correction, treatment schedule and follow up program, nursing protocol in an intensive care unit. Basing on their personal work and an exhaustive literature's revision, the authors emphasize the opportunity of delaying surgery until local and general conditions are improved and a careful evaluation of the patient has been achieved. An appropriate pre and post operative nursing is mandatory. But the whole therapeutic program and furthermore any rehabilitation chance has their cornerstone in a full cooperation among the several specialists involved. The neonatologist first, the family pediatrician later can act as the pivot for the team, in order to achieve a comprehensive approach and an "overall" management for the individual affected child. PMID- 6531244 TI - [Opportunistic infections in burned children]. AB - The burn injury is a typical pathology in which there is a possibility of opportunistic infections because the patients have a severe derangement in their defense. The authors examine etiology, pathogenesis, simptomatology, diagnosis, prophylaxis and therapy of these infections. The authors also report their own experience about these infections based on study of a group of burned children hospitalized in the pediatric surgery unit of A. Meyer hospital in Florence. PMID- 6531245 TI - [Stage IV-S neuroblastoma]. AB - Neuroblastoma IV-S (IV-Special) stage has been reviewed according to the current concepts as stated by Evans et al. Biological and clinical features of such a stage of disease are presented. These data suggest that the occurrence of different sites of involvement can be observed in addition to those definided previously. General views of treatment also described. PMID- 6531246 TI - [Arterial pressure in childhood. I: Relation to age. (collection of data relative to 3,737 pupils of elementary and high school between the ages of 6 to 14 years)]. AB - Research relating blood pressure levels of 6-14 years-old age schoolchildren has been carried into the whele school-population of Chivasso (Turin) town. Three kinds of armbands of different widths and lengths were used according to age. In conformity with Long's suggestions, the correction factors were used for the age groups from 6 to 7 years and 8 to 11. On the grounds of the levels taken the quantiles were calculated. The graphs show the shape of the 5th, 25th, 50th, 75th, and 95th percentiles, related to the systolis and diastolic pressures and to the age of the child. The results showed a continous increase in the shape of the levels, which did not depend on the sex variant. A spike in the 9th year can be related to the fact that the correction factor can be less than it should be. The decrease in the 11th year can be put down to the fact that the correction for the armband has not been carried out from the 12th year onwards. 6.52% of schoolchildren have systolic and/or diastolic blood pressure greater than 95 degrees C. PMID- 6531247 TI - [Biofeedback in asthmatic children]. AB - This paper reports the results of the treatment of continuous bronchial asthma in children, 7-14 years old, by means of biofeedback and the counter-conditioning. We observed the remission of the symptomatology in all the cases, with a statistical significance. PMID- 6531248 TI - [Changes in plasma nonesterified fatty acids and blood glucose in the newborn infant in therapy with aminophylline]. AB - We investigated the effect of intravenous infusions of aminophylline on plasma glucose and nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA) levels in 14 newborns with apnea (mean birthweight: 2.514 +/- 866 g; mean gestational age: 34.8 +/- 3.94 weeks). Theophylline apparent volume of distribution was 0.55 liters per Kilogram and the half-life was major than 12 hours. It was found that theophylline caused pronounced and prolonged lipid mobilization, as measured by the plasma NEFA. The ability of theophylline to induce a rapid rise in blood glucose was confirmed. Elevation in plasma NEFA might be an important factor in facilitating the competition with bilirubin for binding sites of albumin and the development of arrythmias in newborns with acute myocardial injury. PMID- 6531250 TI - [Study of somatosensory evoked potentials in full-term and premature neonates]. AB - The electrophysiological maturation of both peripheral and 'central' (spinal + superspinal) nervous fibers belonging to peroneal and medial nerves was evaluated within the 1st month of extrauterine life. Thirty-five newborns with different gestational ages (15 FT, 20 PT), have been examined through the SEP technique during percutaneous stimulation of median (wrist and index finger) and peroneal (popliteal fossa) nerves. Recording electrodes were placed at Erb's point, lumbar and cervical spine, scalp sites corresponding to the sensory areas for upper and lower limb. Peripheral conduction velocities were correlated with chronological ages but they did not correlate neither with gestational ages nor with birth weightes. Central conduction velocities correlated with gestational ages. The role of maturation was faster for the former than for the latter. PMID- 6531249 TI - [Use of screening for amino acid disorders in the study of the nutrition of the newborn infant: various milk formulas and changes in plasma amino acids]. AB - A sample of 1326 new-born babies has been studied regarding the influence of the milk diet over some plasma-serum amino acids. The Authors have make use of the screening of the congenital errors of the protein metabolism. New-born babies were bled on the fifth or sixth day of life and their blood was analysed at first with the Guthrie test and then with automatic chromatographic determination. New born babies have been arranged according to their gestational age, birth weight and intrauterine growth. More then 90% of the sample was formed by normal for gestational age new-born babies. We have make use of five different milk formulas: a mixed one (human milk with adapted milks), three powdered milks with three different casein-serum proteins ratio and finally cow's milk with 50% water. The best formula among these ones has been the human milk mixed with adapted milks. The completely artificial formulas, but with casein/serum proteins ratio lower or equal to one, has given rise to a few amino acid alterations, too. On the contrary, the cow's milk mixed with water and the artificial powdered milks with a casein-serum proteins ratio equal to 4.5 shouldn't be utilized in the new-born baby's diet, as they may provoke remarkable alteration in the amino acid metabolism. PMID- 6531251 TI - [Microscopic hematuria in children]. AB - The AA. studied ninety children affected by microscopic hematuria whose origin was not clear. Periodic controls have been effectuated during a period from one to five years. The hematuria is spontaneously disappeared in the 46,7% of the cases. In sixteen children (17,7%) the hematuria was also present in some relatives, nine children were affected by urinary tract malformations. Only twenty subjects were affected by a significant renal pathology. PMID- 6531252 TI - [A cluster of mucolipidosis III in a village of Calabria]. AB - The authors report three cases of patients with clinical findings of Mucolipidosis III. Contractures of joint, stiffness of the hands short stature and coarse faces were observed. The lisosomal enzyme activities in serum and leucocytes were measured. The same activities were measured in extracts and by means of cultured skin fibroblast cells. These data are concordant with literature. These patients come from a Calabrian village of 100 habitants 90% of whom have the same surname. PMID- 6531253 TI - [Findings on smoking habits in Valle dell'Agno. (U.L.S.S. no. 7 of the Veneto region)]. AB - A study regarding te habit of smoking of the population of this area was accomplished by use of questionnaire completed by students of the local high schools. The study included 7279 subjects subdivided as follow: 1776 fathers, 1815 mothers and 3688 students/workers of age 12 years and older. Results regarding the parent group showed that 51,91% of the fathers and 21,65% of the mothers were smokers. Only the mother group showed a correlation of smoking with various levels of education and occupation. Results regarding the younger age groups revealed, in age range 12-14 years, a positive history of smoking in 8,12% of males and 7,61% of females; this incidence increased to 53,76% and 36,44% respectively by age 25 years. Occupation categories and smoking parents as an incentive element showed relationships with smoking. A progressively increasing incidence of smoking at an increasingly earlier age with greater involvement of females was shown in this study. However, the smoking incidence in our area is less than that in other areas of the Veneto probably because of local geographic and economic factors. PMID- 6531254 TI - [Cerebral venous angiomas in childhood]. AB - Six cases of cerebral venous angioma in children under 8 years of age reported, with respects to their clinical and neuroradiological features. Any attempt of classification is inadequate, due to the protean characteristics of these malformations, wich can be definied - and usually are - upon the base of predominantly angiographic standards, a valuable diagnostic help being provided by the computerized tomographic investigation. The study of cerebral regional blood flow can represent a major instrument when the clinical and morphological aspects of the malformation make an alteration of it suspectable. In the cases we operated on, clinical healing has been obtained; no worsening has been observed in non-operated cases, during a follow-up of 1 to 7 years; only one of our little patients, presenting with an enormous aneurism of Galen's vein, which we regarded as inoperable, died at 9 months of age. PMID- 6531255 TI - [Non-immunologic hydrops fetalis. Considerations apropos of a case associated with a chorioangioma of the placenta]. AB - A case of hydrops fetalis in a newborn infant in association with a choroangioma of the placenta in described. It was only with a report in 1943 by Potter that nonimmunologic hydrops fetalis was identified. Until recently immunologic hydrops fetalis secondary to Rh incompatibility has been the most frequent cause for infants with this condition. Presently, because of the decline in the incidence of Rh sensitization, non immunologic hydrops fetalis accounts for a larger number of cases. Numerous etiologies have been reported with the occurrence of non immunologic hydrops fetalis: a review of the literature for those entities found in association with this condition is inclused. PMID- 6531257 TI - [Infantile idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis. Presentation of a case]. AB - The present report deals with a patient affected by idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis. The diagnosis was made by pulmonary biopsy and ultrastructural and immunological study. We are treating the patient with iron therapy and desferrioxamine. PMID- 6531256 TI - [A case of galactosemia caused by galactokinase deficiency]. AB - The authors describe an original case of galactokinase deficiency, born from a gypsies' family. He developed cataracts in the first two months of life. No other pathological features were observed. One of the brothers of the propositus was also blind for cataracts. The authors discuss the biochemical differences among the varieties of galactosaemia, and their relationship with the clinical differences. PMID- 6531258 TI - [Kawasaki's disease and corticosteroid therapy]. PMID- 6531260 TI - Repair of coarctation of the aorta in children with Turner syndrome. AB - Increased risk of perioperative hemorrhage has been described in patients with Turner syndrome and coarctation of the aorta. We have operated on 11 patients with Turner syndrome and coarctation of the aorta, two of whom developed bleeding. One patient died. End-to-end anastomosis was performed in all patients. Histologic studies of resected specimens did not reveal any abnormalities. The risk of bleeding was not related to age at the time of repair or postoperative hypertension. Although no specific abnormality has been identified in these patients, the risk of serious hemorrhage appears increased. PMID- 6531259 TI - Assessment of cardiac and renal function in children immediately after open-heart surgery: the significance of a reduced radionuclide ejection fraction (postoperative ejection fraction). AB - Ventricular ejection fractions, calculated from radionuclide studies, and inulin clearance, were determined in 33 infants and children immediately after surgical repair of their congenital or rheumatic heart defects. Of these children, the seven whose surgery did not require a period of ischemic arrest served as controls. The immediate postoperative ejection fractions in the 26 children who did undergo a period of ischemic arrest were significantly less than their preoperative values (P less than or equal to 0.001), but this decline was not observed in the control group. Ejection fraction tended to be depressed, transiently, in children 3-5 h after open-heart surgery. Early postoperative ejection fraction was significantly related to aortic cross-clamp time even when controlling for preoperative ejection fraction (r = 0.74, n = 25, P less than or equal to 0.001). Some striking declines in ejection fraction were observed among children whose aortic cross-clamp time exceeded 42 min. The decline in ejection fraction was transient; late postoperative (greater than 1 week) ejection fraction was not significantly different from preoperative values. Though glomerular filtration rates (GFRs) were often above normal, they were significantly correlated with ejection fraction (r = 0.74, n = 19, P less than or equal to 0.01). The lower GFRs were associated with the lower early postoperative ejection fractions. PMID- 6531261 TI - Retroesophageal right aortic arch. AB - Right aortic arch with left descending aorta and a retroesophageal aortic segment is an uncommon congenital vascular malformation which may cause symptoms of compression from a vascular "ring." The presence of this malformation may be suspected by the findings on barium swallow and the diagnosis confirmed by angiocardiography. Surgical intervention may be necessary in patients who have severe symptoms. PMID- 6531262 TI - Divided right ventricle: a review of its anatomical varieties. PMID- 6531263 TI - Echocardiographic diagnosis of overriding tricuspid valve in a child with Ebstein's anomaly. AB - The M-mode echocardiographic diagnosis of overriding tricuspid valve rests on the ability to demonstrate simultaneously two atrioventricular valves with no intervening septal echo [6, 13]. When scanning inferiorly toward the body of the ventricles, a distinct septal echo at the level of the midportion of the tricuspid valve can be detected. Here we report a case of Ebstein's anomaly, pulmonary stenosis, and ventricular septal defect (VSD), in which the echogram falsely indicated an overriding tricuspid valve. PMID- 6531264 TI - Dysplasia of AV valve in complete AV canal with tetralogy of Fallot: surgical repair. AB - A five-year-old girl underwent surgery for tetralogy of Fallot and complete persistent atrioventricular (AV) canal. At operation, severe dysplasia of the right side of the common AV valve was found, with an accessory orifice and muscularization of a leaflet. Repair was carried out by closing the AV defect, through a combined right atrial and right ventricular approach, by a pericardial patch with a large anterior extension. Closure of the resulting mitral cleft, resection of anomalous muscle bundles and pulmonary valvotomy were also performed. Postoperatively the patient presented severe tricuspid regurgitation. Repair of the valve was deemed impossible and valve replacement was considered to have a very high risk due to the age of the patient, the small size of the right ventricle, and the previous repair of the AV defect. A modified Fontan operation was, therefore, considered preferable and successfully carried out. After the second operation, mediastinal infection developed and was successfully treated by local irrigation of diluted providone-iodine solution. PMID- 6531265 TI - Surgical closure of the tricuspid valve for pulmonary atresia, intact ventricular septum, and right ventricle to coronary artery communications. AB - A surgical approach is reported for a patient with pulmonary atresia, intact ventricular septum, and right ventricle to coronary artery communications through sinusoids. A shunt procedure was performed at two days of age; the right ventricular outflow tract was not opened. At subsequent catheterization, the tricuspid valve was temporarily closed with a balloon catheter and no change was seen in the ECG. At five months of age, the right ventricle was plicated and a patch was sewn over the tricuspid valve. One year after surgery, neither the right ventricular cavity nor the sinusoids could be demonstrated at angiocardiography; ECG changes of left ventricular ischemia have resolved, and the child is growing normally. PMID- 6531267 TI - Annual general meeting of the Association of European Paediatric Cardiologists. Vienna, Austria, 1-4 May 1984. Abstracts. PMID- 6531266 TI - Polysplenia. PMID- 6531268 TI - Annual meeting of the American Academy of Pediatrics, Section on Cardiology, San Francisco, California, 14-16 September 1984. Abstracts. PMID- 6531269 TI - Alpha-MSH and coat color changes in the mouse. AB - The effect of alpha-MSH on coat color was examined in viable yellow mice (C3H/He A*vy). These mice normally grow a coat of darkly pigmented hair at puberty. This darkening effect was also evident in hair that grew in a region that had been plucked at 13 days of age. Administration of alpha-MSH increased the darkness of this hair and the hair which grew naturally in an unplucked area. However, the natural coat darkening that occurred at puberty was not associated with an increase in plasma immunoreactive alpha-MSH levels. Moreover, although bromocryptine, a dopamine agonist that inhibits alpha-MSH release from the pituitary reduced the darkness of the coat that grew after plucking the reduction in coat darkening was unrelated to changes in plasma alpha-MSH. Nevertheless, this effect of bromocryptine was reversed when alpha-MSH was administered together with the drug. Apomorphine had no effect on coat darkening and produced only a slight decrease in plasma alpha-MSH. Melatonin reduced coat darkening slightly but, like apomorphine, had little effect on plasma alpha-MSH concentrations. Although alpha-MSH may have a physiological role in coat darkening in the C3H/He-A*vy mouse at puberty the response seems to be unrelated to an increase in circulating alpha-MSH. Thus, other factors, such as changes in melanocyte sensitivity to alpha-MSH or inhibitory mechanisms that prevent coat darkening during prepubertal and adult life may be involved in regulation of coat color in the viable yellow mouse. PMID- 6531271 TI - Ultrastructural study of neurotensin immunoreactivity in the superficial laminae of the dorsal horn of the rat. AB - Neurotensin immunoreactivity was identified in cell bodies, dendrites, spines, axons, terminals and varicosities in superficial laminae of rat spinal cord with the electron microscope. Unlabeled terminals synapsed with neurotensin immunoreactive cell bodies, dendrites and spines. Presynaptic terminals contained round or pleomorphic vesicles and generally made symmetrical contacts with medium sized neurotensin-containing dendrites in outer lamina II, and asymmetrical or symmetrical contacts with large and small dendrites and spines in inner lamina II. Neurotensin immunoreactive axons were unmyelinated, and their terminals were presynaptic to unlabeled dendrites and spines in laminae I and II. Terminals contained small, round, clear vesicles (31 nm) and occasional large granular vesicles (78 nm). Contacts in outer lamina II were evenly distributed among dendrites of various sizes and spines, whereas the majority of labeled terminals in inner lamina II made contacts onto small dendrites and spines. These findings indicate that neurotensin effects in rat spinal cord are mediated by axodendritic synapses, and that neurotensin cells at the inner and outer borders of lamina II contact dendrites of efferent neurons or other interneurons in the dorsal horn. PMID- 6531270 TI - Combined effects of vasoactive intestinal peptide and dopamine on adenylate cyclase in prolactin-secreting cells. AB - VIP stimulates adenylate cyclase activity of male and female rat anterior pituitaries and human prolactinomas, while dopamine inhibits the enzyme activity of female rat pituitaries and prolactinomas. A dopamine inhibited cyclase can be detected also in male rats provided the enzyme activity is increased by VIP. The analysis of the dose-response curves for one agent (VIP or dopamine) in the absence or in the presence of the other indicates that the two agents exhibit a different pattern of interaction in the different systems. In fact, in female rat pituitaries and in human prolactinomas, the curves for dopamine +/- VIP and for VIP +/- dopamine were parallel, indicating that the two agents exherted their effects independently from one another. On the contrary, in male rat pituitaries, the curves were definitively non parallel, that is, the inhibitory effect of dopamine was greatly amplified by VIP. In no case was the apparent affinity (EC50) of one agent modified by the presence of the other. It is concluded that two different modes of interaction between stimulatory and inhibitory neurohormones might exist at the level of adenylate cyclase from anterior pituitary cells. PMID- 6531272 TI - Relative stability of alpha-melanotropin and related analogues to rat brain homogenates. AB - alpha-Melanotropin (alpha-MSH) retains less than 1% of its original activity after a 60 min incubation with 10% rat brain homogenate. [Nle4,D-Phe7]-alpha-MSH is nonbiodegradable in rat serum (240 min incubation) and still maintains 10% of its original activity in 10% rat brain homogenate (240 min incubation). The related fragment analogue, Ac-[Nle4,D-Phe7]-alpha-MSH4-10-NH2, retains 50% of its activity after a 240 min incubation in rat brain homogenate, whereas Ac-[Nle4,D Phe7]-alpha-MSH4-11-NH2 is totally resistant to inactivation by rat brain homogenate. Both [Nle4,D-Phe7]-fragments are resistant to degradation by rat serum, but [Nle4]-alpha-MSH, Ac-[Nle4]-alpha-MSH4-10-NH2 and Ac-[Nle4]-alpha-MSH4 11-NH2 are rapidly inactivated under both conditions. The cyclic melanotropin, [Cys4,Cys10]-alpha-MSH, is inactivated in rat brain homogenate as is the shorter Ac-[Cys4,Cys10]-alpha-MSH4-10-NH2 analogue, but neither cyclic melanotropin is inactivated upon incubation in serum from rats. Ac-[Cys4,D-Phe7,Cys10]-alpha-MSH4 10-NH2 is resistant to inactivation by either rat serum or a brain homogenate. Some of these melanotropin analogues may provide useful probes for the localization and characterization of putative melanotropin receptors in both the central nervous system and peripheral tissues. PMID- 6531273 TI - Dopamine receptor elevation by cholecystokinin. AB - High concentrations of cholecystokinin (CCK) in the striatum and limbic areas of the brain suggest that this peptide may influence dopaminergic transmission. Thus, the effect of CCK on dopamine D2 receptors in the striatum and nucleus accumbens of the rat brain both in vitro and in vivo (central and peripheral administration) was studied by determining the binding of 3H-spiperone. The density (Bmax) of D2 receptors was elevated (a) by 20% in the accumbens upon in vitro co-incubation with 10(-6) M CCK. (A non-significant drop of 10% occurred in the striatum); (b) by about 40% in the accumbens and 25% in the striatum after continuous intraventricular infusion of CCK for 24 hr. The increase in receptor density in the accumbens was maintained for 14 days and in both tissues was specific to CCK (neurotensin infusion did not alter 3H-spiperone binding); (c) by 20% in the accumbens and 15% in the striatum 3 hr after a single IP injection of 50 micrograms/kg CCK or caerulein, and maintained up to 14 days later. These results suggest that CCK elevates dopamine D2 receptors in the accumbens and striatum and may be a physiological modulator of the dopaminergic system. PMID- 6531274 TI - Arginine vasotocin delays extinction of a conditioned avoidance behavior in neonatal chicks. AB - One minute after single-trial avoidance conditioning, young cockerels received intracerebroventricular or intraperitoneal injections of saline or arginine vasotocin (dose range: 0.004 to 16 micrograms/chick). Retroactive enhancement of the learned response was observed 24 hours post-training for some dose levels, but not for others. A 0.4 micrograms vasotocin dose also delayed extinction when injected 9 minutes after training. Behavioral similarities between avian and mammalian responses to vasotocin and other neuroactive peptides are discussed. PMID- 6531276 TI - To UVB or not to UVB? PMID- 6531275 TI - Regulation of hippocampal corticosterone receptors by a vasopressin analogue. AB - Vasopressin can alter hippocampal corticosterone receptor number, as a congenital absence of a peptide in the Brattleboro rat results in decreased concentrations of the receptor; this deficit can be reversed with des-glycinimide arginine vasopressin (dGVP), a centrally-acting VP analogue. We examined whether vasopressin might regulate less dramatic fluctuations of hippocampal corticosterone receptor number in the normal rat. Administration of dGVP failed to alter the rate of or extent of down- or up-regulation of hippocampal corticosterone receptors by circulating corticosterone, suggesting that alteration of neural VP content is not a mediating step in such regulation. PMID- 6531277 TI - Effect of monochromatic UVA light and 8-methoxypsoralen on human lymphocyte response to mitogen. AB - The ultraviolet-A (UVA) action spectrum for inhibition of DNA synthesis by lymphocytes stimulated with phytohemagglutinin and sensitized with 8 methoxypsoralen (8-MOP) (100 ng/ml) was determined by exposing cells to 0.33 and 1.0 J/cm2 of sub-bands of UVA light at 322, 334, 346, 358 and 370 nm. For lymphocytes irradiated with 0.33 J/cm2, the wavelength for optimal inhibition of DNA synthesis was 334 nm (P less than 0.001). Relatively high doses of monochromatic UVA light (6J/cm2) significantly inhibited lymphocyte proliferation at all wavelengths tested: 64% at 370 nm, 90% at 358 nm, 78% at 346 nm and greater than 99% at both 334 and 322 nm (P less than 0.001 at each wavelength). The optimal wavelength for selective 8-MOP enhanced inhibition of DNA synthesis by lymphocytes in the 334-346 nm range is shown to support the usual assumption that crosslinks represent a lethal cellular event. PMID- 6531278 TI - Long-term safety of trioxsalen bath PUVA treatment: an 8-year follow-up of 149 psoriasis patients. AB - A thorough clinical follow-up study with regard to the occurrence of degenerative skin changes and cutaneous carcinomas was undertaken in 1982 in 149 patients with moderate to severe psoriasis treated with PUVA baths (trioxsalen + UVA). The PUVA treatment had been commenced between 1974 and 1978. With trioxsalen baths a high sensitivity to UVA is obtained. The initial UVA dosage is therefore as low as 0.04-0.08 J/cm2 and in the majority of the patients the maximum daily dose was about 1.0 J/cm2. The accumulated UVA dosage was low. Thus 89% of the patients had received less than 50 J/cm2 in 5-8 years of bath PUVA treatment. No degenerative skin changes were found on PUVA-exposed skin that were not also seen on the facial skin not exposed to PUVA. Two patients showed mild mottling of exposed skin. Otherwise no PUVA-related degenerative changes were observed. No carcinomas were found on bath PUVA-treated skin. PMID- 6531279 TI - Photo-induction of lesions in a patient with pemphigus erythematosus. AB - Ultraviolet light applied to the normal appearing skin of a patient with pemphigus erythematosus produced clinical and histological changes, typical of the disease, in the irradiated skin. The action spectrum, studied with monochromatic light, was in the range of UVB. PMID- 6531280 TI - Effect of systemic retinoid plus PUVA (Re-PUVA) on enzyme histochemically detectable epidermal Langerhans cells. PMID- 6531281 TI - Photoallergic contact dermatitis to rhubarb wine. PMID- 6531282 TI - Use and abuse of lasers. PMID- 6531283 TI - Experimental ultraviolet radiation carcinogenesis: I. Relationship of the major histocompatibility complex to tumor latency and immunogenecity. AB - The induction of skin tumors by ultraviolet radiation (UV) was compared concurrently in 3 inbred mouse strains (BALB/c, C3H, and C57BL/10) and 7 related H-2 (major histocompatibility complex) congenic strains of mice. The latency period for UV-tumor induction was observed to be shorter in BALB/c mice compared with that in C3H and C57BL/10 animals. Similarly, tumor latency periods in the different H-2 congenic mouse strains tested were comparable to those of their related background strain. The proportion of squamous cell carcinomas to spindle cell fibrosarcomas, as well as the ratio of progressor and regressor tumors, as determined by their ability to grow when transplanted into normal syngenic mice, were comparable for those strains of mice that shared common genetic backgrounds. Interestingly, for all strains of mice analyzed UV-regressor and UV-progressor tumors were found to arise randomly throughout the latency period. These studies suggest that, at least for the three parameters tested, genes or gene products encoded within the major histocompatibility complex do not influence either latency period, histologic type or immunogenicity of UV-induced skin tumors. PMID- 6531284 TI - UVA sensitivity and topical photoprotection in polymorphous light eruption. AB - The efficacy of a non-PABA, non-benzophenone broad-spectrum sunscreen was investigated experimentally in 8 patients with polymorphous light eruption (PMLE). A UVA-SUN 2000 lamp, emitting high intensity UVA radiation was used to irradiate unprotected and sunscreen protected skin sites of the upper back of each patient. Morphological and histological skin changes were noted in non protected test-sites, while no clinical or microscopic changes were observed in the sunscreen-treated test-sites. Low minimal erythema dose (MED) values for both UVA and UVB light were noted in several PMLE patients. PMID- 6531285 TI - 8-Methoxypsoralen plasma levels and phototoxic effect. AB - In 8 normal volunteers, the minimal phototoxic dose was determined at 15 min intervals up to 60 min and thereafter every 30 min up to 4 h; 8-methoxypsoralen (8-MOP) was administered as a solution and small additional doses were given during the course of the experiment, so that a more or less predictable and stable plasma concentration was obtained and maintained for about 2 h. Three of the subjects absorbed 8-MOP very rapidly, already reaching plasma concentrations above 200 ng/ml after 15 min; in the other 5, absorption was slower and comparable levels were achieved only after 30 to 90 min. In the fastest absorbers, there was a 15 to 30 min lag between reaching a high plasma level and a low MPD. In the other cases, such a delay was not seen. This suggests that the time to reach peak concentration in the skin is not influenced by changes in absorption rate: simulations based on the classical plasma concentration equations for a two-compartmental model also show this. Afterwards, the skin sensitivity decreased in most cases parallel to the plasma concentrations. PMID- 6531286 TI - High pressure liquid chromatographic separation of furocoumarins in Heracleum laciniatum. AB - Furocoumarins from chloroform extraction of Heracleum laciniatum were separated by high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) with microparticulate silica gel column investigating different concentrations of acetonitrile and water, acetonitrile and methanol and acetonitrile, methanol and water for mobile phase. With a mixture of 42:43:15 of the latter for mobile phase optimal separation was obtained of the 6 furocoumarins from the plant. Removal of lipid fractions of plant extractions with hexane is recommended to avoid damage to the HPLC column. PMID- 6531287 TI - A preliminary study on the in vivo transmission of light through psoriatic plaques. AB - The transmission of light through psoriatic plaques has been measured in vivo using a quartz fiber before and after the application of the lipophilic liquid, glycerin. The results indicated a roughly two-fold increase in transmission following the application of glycerin. This was achieved after a period which ranged from 3 to 15 min suggesting a diffusion process. The main problem encountered was bleeding which led to satisfactory data being obtained in only 3 out of 6 patients investigated. PMID- 6531288 TI - Outdoor and office photochemotherapy of vitiligo: a comparison. AB - The efficacy of oral trimethylpsoralen photochemotherapy with either natural solar exposures or artificial irradiations was investigated in a group of 63 vitiligo patients. Treatment with outdoor exposures during 2-3 summer seasons was found to be an inadequate therapeutic procedure under Swedish summer conditions. Office treatment with UVA cabins twice weekly led to a better therapeutic response but the number of treatments required for satisfactory repigmentation was high. PMID- 6531289 TI - The mouse tail phototoxicity test. PMID- 6531290 TI - Skin cancer, photoimmunology, and urocanic acid. PMID- 6531291 TI - Treatment of vitiligo with oral methoxsalen and UVA. AB - 139 patients with vitiligo of long duration were treated with oral 8-MOP and UVA. 22 patients had focal and 117 generalized vitiligo. 27 had vitiligo on the skin of their face and/or neck and 58 on their hands and/or feet. Vitiligo of the face and/or neck responded very well to the treatment, 14 of 27 (52%) repigmenting completely, while the treatment results of hands and/or feet were poor (complete repigmentation in 2 of 58 cases (3%). In cases with focal vitiligo total repigmentation was observed much more frequently (in 11 of 22 cases) than in cases with generalized vitiligo (in 23 of 117 cases). Acute toxic effects were frequent, erythema in 55 cases (40%), nausea in 46 cases (33%), pruritus in 16 cases (12%) and headache in 8 cases (6%). Long-term adverse effects such as hypertrichosis and actinic keratoses occurred in 3 cases each. 6 patients (4%) had elevated transminases at some stage of the treatment. This did not cause withdrawal from treatment in any of the cases. PMID- 6531292 TI - Congenital erythropoietic porphyria. A case report with discussion of different porphyrin excretion patterns. AB - A 5-year-old girl with the classical clinical features of congenital erythropoietic porphyria (CEP) is described. Different types of CEP are discussed based on varying excretion patterns of porphyrins. PMID- 6531293 TI - Phototoxicity and antipsoriatic effect of a topical methoxypsoralen solution in relation to the application time. AB - The phototoxicity and antipsoriatic activity of a topically applied 0.075% methoxypsoralen alcohol-glycerol solution was investigated in relation to the interval between drug application and irradiation. On healthy skin, maximum UVA sensitivity for erythema development appeared 40 to 60 min after the application of the methoxypsoralen solution, but in psoriatic plaques the antipsoriatic UVA sensitization reached its maximum after 10 to 20 min. This difference between induction of antipsoriatic effect and erythema sensitivity may be explained by rapid penetration of methoxypsoralen in psoriatic lesions or by different targets at the cellular level for the erythema-producing effect and the antipsoriatic effect. PMID- 6531294 TI - Testing with musk ambrette and congeners in a case of photosensitivity dermatitis and actinic reticuloid syndrome (PD/AR). AB - The response of a patient with the PD/AR syndrome to patch and photopatch testing with musk ambrette, musk ketone, and musk xylol was investigated. In addition, solutions of these nitro-musks were allowed to photodecompose prior to patch and photopatch testing. Only the photopatch tests with musk ambrette and with the photodecomposed musk ambrette gave positive results. The results do not provide support for the hypothesis that photocontact allergy to musk ambrette is in fact a contact allergy to a photodecomposition product of musk ambrette. PMID- 6531295 TI - Incorrect declaration of potential photosensitizing compounds. PMID- 6531296 TI - Placebo treatment of polymorphous light sensitivity. PMID- 6531298 TI - Extracorporeal photopheresis. PMID- 6531297 TI - 8-methoxypsoralen-induced photo-onycholysis. PMID- 6531299 TI - Erythropoietic protoporphyria: therapeutic response to combined erythrocyte exchange and plasmapheresis. AB - Three patients with erythropoietic protoporphyria were treated with combined plasmapheresis and neocyte exchange transfusions that induced and maintained clinical and biochemical remissions. Red cell and plasma porphyrin levels normalized and patients developed a more normal tolerance to ultraviolet exposure. This treatment modality was an effective method of reversing other newly described abnormalities such as excessive erythropoiesis, abnormal RBC osmotic fragilities, elevated plasma viscosities, and hepatic and renal impairments. PMID- 6531300 TI - Report of three sisters with XP-E, a rare xeroderma pigmentosum complementation group. AB - Three sisters with a rare complementation group of classical xeroderma pigmentosum (XP-E) are presented. The patients developed sun-sensitivity and dyspigmentation between the ages of 6 and 9 years and UV-induced skin tumors between 16 and 20. All malignant skin tumors were basal cell carcinomas; no other skin tumors have been diagnosed so far. Measurement of UV-induced unscheduled DNA synthesis in cultivated fibroblasts showed very high residual repair levels: 60 to 70% of controls. In fusion experiments with representative cell strains complementation was found with the XP-A, B, C, D and G complementation group but it was absent when the fibroblasts under study were fused with XP-E group fibroblasts. Thus the cell lines were assigned to the XP complementation group E. PMID- 6531301 TI - A study of the effect of chronic applications of nitrogen mustard (HN2) on acute responses of mammalian skin to UVB irradiation in vivo. AB - The effect of chronic applications of HN2 on acute responses of DNA synthesis to UVB radiation was studied in Uscd strain hairless mouse skin in vivo. 0.1 mg of HN2 in 95% ethyl alcohol and the diluent were applied weekly to the backs of the mice for 69 wk. The mice were then exposed to 1.98 X 10(2) J/m2 of UVB energy and were sacrified 4 hours and 48 h post-irradiation. The effects on DNA synthesis were evaluated using TdRH3 as the radioactive tracer. The results of the study revealed that the chronic HN2 applications increased the number of basal cells in the DNA synthesis phase of the mitotic cycle. This was associated with acanthosis and cellular hypertrophy. 4 h post-irradiation there was the expected depression in DNA synthesis in both the HN2- and diluent-treated mice. In addition, 48 h post-irradiation the number of basal cells synthesizing DNA was accelerated in both the HN2- and diluent-treated mice. However, it was much more noticeable in the HN2-treated animals. Whether this increased activity is related to the additive carcinogenesis generated between UVB and HN2 remains to be determined. PMID- 6531302 TI - Skin determination of the 8-methoxypsoralen concentration in rats. AB - This paper describes a method for determining the amount of 8-methoxypsoralen in rat skin tissue by means of high performance liquid chromatography. The 8 methoxypsoralen was extracted with an organic solvent out of homogenized skin tissue. Following evaporation of the solvent, the extracts could be injected directly into the column without further purification. The procedure is relatively simple. PMID- 6531303 TI - Inadequate effect of helium-neon laser on venous leg ulcers. AB - A study to determine whether laser radiation of low-power photon density would really affect the healing of venous leg ulcers in man was performed. The ulcers were irradiated 6 d per wk with a helium-neon laser (wavelength 632.8 nm). Energy densities of 1 J/cm2 (16 patients) and 4 J/cm2 (17 patients) were administered daily. The control group (28 patients) received only antiseptic local compresses as treatment. No statistically significant difference between the laser-treated group and the control group was found. It was concluded that helium-neon laser radiation has no advantages over standard local treatments, at least with the dosage schedules and protocols employed. PMID- 6531304 TI - Photohemolysis. PMID- 6531305 TI - Five syndromes (malformation complexes) of pulmonary symmetry, congenital heart disease, and multiple spleens. PMID- 6531306 TI - Syndrome of externally bilobed lungs with normal bronchial branch pattern, congenital heart disease, multiple spleens, intestinal malrotation and short pancreas: an apparently hitherto undefined malformation complex. PMID- 6531307 TI - Syndrome of pulmonary isomerism of right lung type, con- genital heart disease, pulmonary and systemic venous abnormalities and malrotation of the intestine, with a spleen or multiple spleens (m-anisosplenia): comparison with Ivemark asplenia syndrome. PMID- 6531308 TI - Three syndromes of left lung isomerism, congenital heart disease, and multiple spleens (polysplenia, f-anisosplenia, and o-anisosplenia). PMID- 6531309 TI - Five syndromes (malformation complexes) of pulmonary symmetry, congenital heart disease, and multiple spleens. PMID- 6531310 TI - Tissue culture of epithelial cells from urine. I. Serum-free growth of cells from newborn infants. AB - The growth of epithelial cells from the urine of newborn infants was improved by the use of serum-free medium and a collagen type 1 matrix present on the growth surface of the culture vessel. The optimal concentrations and components of the serum-free medium consisted of a 1:1 mixture of Dulbecco's Modified Eagles' medium and Ham's F-12 medium supplemented with insulin (5 micrograms/ml), transferrin (5 micrograms/ml), selenium (5 ng/ml), and hydrocortisone (1 X 10(-7) M). The use of this medium allowed clonal isolates to undergo 25 generations and 5 passages with a doubling time of 24-36 hr with retention of original cell morphology. The culture of epithelial cells from the urine of newborn infants may provide a simple, reproducible system for the study of inborn errors of metabolism, especially those not expressed in fibroblast cultures. PMID- 6531311 TI - Tissue culture of epithelial cells from urine. II. Application to patients with cystic fibrosis. AB - The urine from patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) was screened for the presence of epithelial cells that could be serially propagated in vitro. The urine from two newborn infants with meconium ileus was an excellent source of epithelial cells, and over 400 cultures were initiated in each case. The urine of older CF patients hospitalized for pulmonary complications also yielded cells but in fewer numbers. No cells were obtained from older CF patients without pulmonary complications or from healthy volunteers. Hypoxia may be the factor stimulating cell exfoliation in the urine of sick CF patients and in a larger percentage of newborn infants. PMID- 6531312 TI - Clinicopathologic spectrum of glomerulocystic kidneys: report of two cases and a brief review of literature. AB - Two cases of glomerulocystic kidneys (GK) are described and 35 cases are reviewed from the literature. Glomerular cysts formed by dilatation of Bowman's space are the basic and predominant lesion of GK. GK can occur in two different settings: (1) cases in which GK are the only major anomaly or are associated with variable types of anomalies that do not constitute a well-defined syndrome and (2) as part of a well-defined syndrome such as Zellweger's, trisomy 13, short-rib-polydactyly or oral-facial-digital syndrome. The genetic heterogeneity of GK is reflected in the different modes of inheritance of these syndromes. With one exception, no familial incidence is reported for GK unassociated with a syndrome. The morphologic heterogeneity is reflected in those cases in which the cysts show epithelial hyperplasia and/or presence of primitive/dysplastic glomeruli. It is not certain that these histologic variations represent different subtypes of GK. GK is characterized by bilaterality, renal enlargement, absence of urinary tract obstruction, presence of 2-3 mm cortical cysts lined by flattened to cuboidal epithelium and containing a glomerular tuft. GK cannot be distinguished morphologically from adult polycystic kidney disease (APKD) manifesting in the neonatal period. Familial incidence and autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance are the only clues to the correct diagnosis of APKD in such instances. PMID- 6531313 TI - Interventricular fibroma and cystic renal dysplasia in a newborn. AB - A newborn twin presented with a cardiac tumor; at autopsy microcystic dysplasia was found in the kidneys. The histology of the renal cysts were not unlike those found in many multisystem syndromes (e.g., Schwartz-Jampel, Ehlers-Danlos, and Jeune's asphyxiating thoracic dystrophy). No evidence of tuberous sclerosis or other phakomatoses were found. This case may alert other observers to carefully look for cystic dysplasia of the kidneys or other organs in association with cardiac tumors. PMID- 6531314 TI - Cholelithiasis in a preterm infant. AB - A case of cholelithiasis in a preterm infant is described. The baby survived for 105 days, during which time she received multiple blood transfusions. Three pigment stones were found in the gallbladder at necropsy. It is suggested that they were a consequence of an excessive bilirubin load, the result of maintaining the hemoglobin above physiological levels. PMID- 6531315 TI - Teratoma and rhabdomyosarcoma. PMID- 6531316 TI - Germinoma with syncytiotrophoblastic giant cells. PMID- 6531317 TI - [Crystallographic analysis of the structure of glutathione peroxidase]. PMID- 6531318 TI - [General method of analyzing the nucleotide sequence in transfer ribonucleic acid]. PMID- 6531319 TI - [Control of growth and cell differentiation by hormone-like tissue factors]. PMID- 6531320 TI - Intakes of feed and water following restriction in selected and nonselected broilers. AB - Consumption following a 24-hr withdrawal from feed or water was examined in selected and nonselected broilers from 0 to 10 days of age and in low body weight (LW), high body weight (HW), and HW X LW (F1) progeny from 120 to 132 days of age. In posthatch trials, body weights of feed-restricted (FR) and water restricted (WR) selected broilers decreased more rapidly than comparable treatments in nonselected broilers. Feed intake of ad libitum control treatments in both genotypes was significantly greater than feed intake of FR and WR treatments. Nonselected birds had a greater ability to compensate for feed deprivation than selected birds, and there appeared to be no differences between genotypes with regard to ability to compensate for water deprivation. The LW birds and HW X LW progeny (F1) had greater ability than HW birds to compensate for both feed and water restriction. Feed consumption on days of water restriction was not as severely reduced as was water consumption on days of feed restriction. It was concluded that water intake is more dependent on the availability of food than is food intake on the availability of water at 120 days in the LW and HW lines. PMID- 6531321 TI - Response of different commercial strains of laying hens to short total photoperiods in interrupted night experiments during days of 24 and 28 hours. AB - Experiments were conducted: as pilot experiments in which each experimental unit, replicated two or three times, consisted of 15 hens, as practical experiments in which each of four strains was replicated twice in two rooms containing 200 to 265 hens, and as commercial experiments in which each experimental unit consisted of 4 strains of 1000 hens but in which no replication occurred. Short total photoperiods were used in interrupted night experiments with 24-hr and 28-hr days. A light regimen of 2L:6D:2L:18D yielded similar results as 12L:16D for percent egg production, egg mass, egg shell breaking strength, and feed efficiency. Exposure to 28-hr days, in comparison with 24-hr days, resulted in a reduction of number of eggs produced but did not reduce egg mass produced. In one of four strains, the increase in egg size and reduction in number of eggs produced was significantly (P less than .05) less than in the other three strains, Under the 28-hr day regimens shell breaking strength was consistently greater (P less than .01) than under 24-hr light regimens. In an additional experiment, no relationship was found in egg breakage during transport between two populations of eggs that differed in eggshell breaking strength as a result of differences in light regimens received by the hens. Short (2L:10D:2L:10D or 2L:12D:2L:8D) and very short (2L:12D:1/4L:9 3/4D) interrupted night regimens generally yielded lower egg production than 16L:8D or 8L:10D:2L:4D light regimens. There was an indication that there might be strain differences in the response to the interrupted night regimen. Exposure to 2L:6D:2L:8D for 6 weeks at the start and 8 weeks at the end of an 11-month experimental period, with 16L:8D given during the remainder of the period, resulted in lower egg production during the last 8 weeks and no compensatory improvement in egg shell breaking strength or egg weight in comparison with continuous exposure to 16L:8D. PMID- 6531322 TI - Effect of watering systems for floor-reared pullets on subsequent caged laying hen performance. AB - Two watering system trials were conducted with floor-reared pullets. Trial 1 showed that pullets raised on trigger cups (STC) compared to pullets raised on dome waterers (DW) had significantly better feed conversion and lower mortality. A significant difference was shown between 4 and 5 hens per cage for hen-day egg production and feed per dozen eggs. There were no differences in production responses according to cage waterer availability or for main effect interactions. Trial 2 showed that raising pullets on STC, DW, or a DW to STC change during the rearing phase had no effect on cage laying performance. Mortality trends were shown according to waterer system. Trial differences were hypothesized to be associated with the laying cage waterer type used in each trial; fount cups were used in Trial 1 and TC in Trial 2. PMID- 6531323 TI - A comparison of controlled feeding programs for maximizing returns of white Leghorn layers. AB - Three controlled feeding programs initiated after peak egg production and a full feeding program were evaluated for their effects on production and income performance of White Leghorn layers. Program 1 consisted of full feeding from 20 to 64 weeks of age. Controlled feeding programs were initiated at 36 weeks and consisted of feeding approximately 105 g/bird/day to 64 weeks (Program 2), a phase reduction feeding program consisting of feeding approximately 105 g/bird/day to 53 weeks of age followed by feeding approximately 95 g/bird/day to 64 weeks (Program 3), and feeding approximately 95 g/bird/day continuously from 36 weeks (Program 4). Controlled feeding programs resulted in significant (P less than .05) reductions in total feed usage compared to full fed birds. Eggs per hen, however, were significantly (P less than .05) reduced only for feeding Programs 3 and 4, and egg weights were reduced only with feeding Program 4. Egg mass production and body weights were significantly affected by controlled feeding programs. Egg grade distributions were not significantly (P greater than .05) different among Programs 1, 2, or 3; however, Program 4 produced a significant (P less than .05) increase in the percentage of medium grade eggs obtained. Egg incomes over pullet and feed costs favored all controlled feeding programs, demonstrating that maximum production levels do not always mean maximum returns. PMID- 6531324 TI - Evaluations of sampling methods for darkling beetles (Alphitobius diaperinus) in the litter of turkey and broiler houses. AB - Materials placed on the litter in turkey and broiler houses were evaluated as sampling devices for the larvae and adults of Alphitobius diaperinus (lesser mealworm or darkling beetle). Insects harbored in, on, and between pieces of the materials were counted after 1-week exposure. Pan traps consisting of two stacked pieces of 1.3-cm thick foil-covered polyisocyanurate insulation (Celotex) placed under a protective metal pan staked to the litter surface was a more effective sampling device than pan traps using thicker (5 cm) Celotex, 3.8 cm thick polystyrene (Styrofoam), or two stacked pieces of wood. A tube trap consisting of rolled fluted corrugated cardboard inserted in a section of polyvinyl chloride pipe was as effective a sampling device as the two pieces of Celotex in a pan trap and was more convenient to use. Six pieces of corrugated cardboard stacked under a pan caught larger numbers of beetle larvae and adults but was awkward to handle and impractical. Placement of sampling devices in the major subhabitats (open center, near walls, near feeders, and near waterers) in turkey and broiler houses affected catches of beetle larvae and adults. The open center area was satisfactory and most convenient. PMID- 6531325 TI - A repartitioning agent to improve performance and carcass composition of broilers. AB - Clenbuterol [benzyl alcohol, 4-amino-alpha-(t-butylamino)methyl-3,5-dichloro] was tested in the finisher ration of broilers in three series of experiments for its effects on performance and carcass characteristics. In Experiment 1, administration of clenbuterol at feed levels of .25, .5, 1, 2, and 4 ppm from 28 to 49 days of age resulted in significant sex combined weight gain improvements at all levels except 4 ppm and significant feed efficiency improvements at all levels tested. Uneviscerated body composition analysis indicated that clenbuterol treatment significantly increased body protein and water content and decreased body fat in female birds. In males, body fat was significantly reduced by 1, 2, and 4 ppm clenbuterol. From these results the 1 ppm level was selected for further testing. In Experiments 2 and 3, clenbuterol fed from 28 to 49 days of age significantly improved sex combined weight gain and feed efficiency and both male and female 49-day weights. Carcass yield was significantly increased in males and females by 1.11 and 1.91 percentage points, respectively. Abdominal fat was significantly reduced by clenbuterol feeding only in females. Carcass analysis indicated that clenbuterol-fed birds had a significantly lower carcass fat content. In Experiments 4 to 7, clenbuterol was administered at 1 ppm in the finishing feed but was withdrawn 3 to 5 days prior to terminal performance and carcass evaluations. Clenbuterol significantly improved sex combined weight gain and feed efficiency, and 49-day weights for both sexes. Carcass yield was significantly increased in males and females by .54 and .98 percentage points, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6531326 TI - The effect of food restriction during rearing on fasting heat production of layer strain pullets and hens. AB - Fasting heat production was measured in darkened respiration chambers at three chronological and three physiological ages during rearing and laying in a layer strain to determine the effects of food restriction during rearing. There were three rearing treatments (42 to 162 days of age) in which birds were allowed ad libitum food intake (F) or were restricted by time (TR), in which birds were allowed continuous ad libitum food intake for about 24 hr in every 72 hr, or by proportion (PR), in which birds were offered each day 60 to 70% of the quantity consumed by F birds the previous day. Liveweight at 163 days of age was reduced by 19 and 15% for TR and PR birds, respectively, compared to F birds. Ad libitum food consumption was allowed during the laying period. Chronological age measurements were carried out at 140 days of age (prelay), 332 days of age, and 370 days of age. Physiological age measurements were carried out at sexual maturity (first egg), peak production (28 days after first egg) and postpeak production (98 days after first egg). Fasting heat production, measured under conditions that minimized physical activity, was not altered after correction for liveweight changes by the food restriction treatments. Based on this and other published studies, it was postulated that physical activity may play an important role in determining the effects of food restriction in poultry. PMID- 6531327 TI - A comparison of the effect of two force molting methods on performance of two commercial strains of laying hens. AB - A low-sodium diet (.08% Na) was used to force molt 409 hens. Another 421 hens were force molted by conventional water and feed restrictions. Birds were 68 weeks of age at that time, and two strains were about equally represented in each treatment group. These strains were: A, DeKalb; and B, Hisex. The low-sodium diet and water were provided ad libitum to the first group for the entire period of molt (42 days). The second group received no water for 3 days, and no feed for 4 days, after which incremental amounts of whole oats were provided as the only feed until Day 18. After Day 18, incremental amounts of a regular laying mash and decremental amounts of whole oats were provided through Day 26, when laying mash only was given ad libitum. Both treatment groups were in the same building and received the same lighting program during the force-molt period. This program consisted of: Days 1 to 3, no light; Days 4 to 18, 8 hr/day; Days 19 to 25, 9 hr/day; Day 26, 10 hr; then, light was increased 30 min weekly until 14 hr daily was attained. The low-sodium group ceased laying after 28 to 31 days, lost 8.7% of their premolt body weight, reduced feed consumption by 35%, and decreased egg production from 62.3% (in the 28 days preceding the molt) to 19% in the 42 days of molt; their mortality rate was 3.4%.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6531328 TI - Liver lipid content in broilers as affected by time without feed or feed and water. AB - The purpose of this study was to determine if length of time of feed withdrawal of broilers prior to slaughter could affect the lipid content of their livers. Seven-week-old male broilers were allocated to three treatments: 1) no feed and water, 2) no feed, and 3) feed and water ad libitum. Those in the first treatment were held in plastic coops and those in the latter two treatments were kept in floor pens. Eight birds were randomly sampled initially and eight birds from each treatment at 4, 8, 12, 16, and 24 hr after the start of the study. The birds were weighed, killed, and the livers removed and analyzed for lipid content. The regression slopes of the two treatments without feed for body weight, liver weight, liver weight per unit body weight, and liver fat per unit body weight were significantly different from the control treatment. The slopes for liver fat were not significantly different among treatments. No obvious differences in the gross appearance of the livers were detected. The occasional problems with fatty livers in commercial broilers apparently cannot be accounted for by the length of time of feed withdrawal before slaughter. PMID- 6531329 TI - Dietary sulfur amino acid level and energy utilization in laying hens. AB - Effects of marginal total sulfur amino acid (TSAA) deficiency and methionine toxicity on energy utilization of laying hens were studied with 7-month-old Single Comb White Leghorn pullets housed in individual cages at constant temperatures of 15.6 and 32.2 C. Diets containing .47, .49, .51, and 3.47% TSAA were fed throughout the 4-week study. Following a 2-week acclimation period, each diet was fed at three levels of intake for 2 weeks. Voluntary feed and metabolizable energy (ME) consumption of nontoxic TSAA diets was significantly reduced at the higher housing temperature, and a further significant reduction was observed with the toxic diet at both temperatures. Energy balance increased from 79.7 to 98.7 kcal/bird per day at 32.2 C and from 117.3 to 142.0 kcal at 15.6 C as dietary TSAA increased from .47 to .51%; energy balance of hens fed 3.47% TSAA was very low at both temperatures. Maintenance ME requirements were unaffected by dietary TSAA up to .51%, ranging from 123.3 to 131.1 and 155.5 to 163.5 kcal/hen per day at 32.2 C and 15.6 C, respectively; the requirement increased about 20 kcal/day at each temperature when the toxic TSAA diet was fed. As the amino acid balance of the diet was improved with methionine supplementation up to .51%, heat increment plus activity decreased from 70.2 to 37.0 kcal/bird per day for hens housed at 32.2 C. Consequently, efficiency of conversion of dietary ME to net energy improved from 52.1% with .47% TSAA to 63.8% with .51% TSAA. Housing temperature did not influence energetic efficiency.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6531330 TI - Effectiveness of low sodium diets for recycling of egg production type hens. AB - Egg type hens were recycled by the use of low sodium diet treatments compared to a conventional forced-molt procedure and an unrecycled control. Use of a low sodium diet containing .02 to .06% sodium for 6 weeks with reduction in daily photoperiod resulted in improvements in egg production, egg specific gravity, and albumen thickness similar to those of a forced-molt group in three separate experiments. Egg production was increased 11 to 13%, egg specific gravity was increased by .002 to .004, and albumen thickness was increased by 2 to 8 Haugh units over the 32-week posttreatment period for both treatments. Hens fed the low sodium diet for 3.5 or 4 weeks did not respond as favorably as hens fed this diet for 6 weeks. Eight weeks on the low sodium diet did not further improve performance. Results comparable to the forced-molt procedure were achieved with a decline in egg production at .03 to .07% sodium in the diet, a decline in feed intake at .03 to .07% sodium, a loss in body weight at .03 to .10% sodium, and an increase in molt score at .03 to .11% sodium during the experimental period. During the posttreatment period, results comparable to the forced-molt procedure were obtained for egg production increase at .03 to .08% sodium, for egg specific gravity increase at .03 to .12% sodium, and for egg albumen thickness increase at .03 to .12% dietary sodium. Mortality was unchanged. PMID- 6531331 TI - Zinc utilization in the chick as influenced by dietary concentrations of calcium and phytate and by Eimeria acervulina infection. AB - Experiments were performed to investigate the effects of Eimeria acervulina infection (duodenal coccidiosis) on the zinc (Zn)-calcium (Ca)-phytate interrelationship in the chick. Three supplemental levels of Ca (0, .91, and 1.82%), two of Zn (0 or 52 mg/kg), and two of sodium phytate (0 or 1.2%) were evaluated as to their effects when added to completely adequate corn-soybean meal diets. Duodenal coccidiosis was produced by multiple crop inoculations of 4 X 10(5) sporulated E. acervulina oocysts. Calcium supplementation depressed gain and efficiency of feed utilization, while Zn content of tissue and plasma was also lowered. Coccidial infection tended to reduce these values further. The addition of dietary phytate also depressed performance and deposition of Zn in tissue. Both excess dietary Ca and phytate addition to the diet markedly reduced plasma Zn concentration of birds fed corn-soybean meal diets unsupplemented with Zn. Addition of 52 mg/kg Zn, however, prevented excess Ca or phytate from exerting this effect. Parasitized chicks responded markedly with increased gain and gain/feed ratios when 52 mg/kg supplemental Zn was added to a 24% protein corn-soybean meal diet containing 1.82% total dietary Ca. It is evident, therefore, that the Zn-antagonizing effect of excess Ca (in the presence of phytate) is exacerbated by duodenal coccidiosis. PMID- 6531332 TI - Influence of dietary electrolyte balance, energy, and amino acid supplementation on the monensin response in chicks fed diets varying in protein content. AB - The effects of several dietary factors on the anorexigenic response to monensin in chicks fed corn-soybean meal diets varying in crude protein (CP) were investigated. In Trial 1, crossbred chicks (New Hampshire X Columbia) were fed a 16% CP diet with or without 160 mg/kg monensin and/or .53% potassium carbonate in a 2 X 2 factorial design. Monensin supplementation caused a 24.5% growth depression, and potassium carbonate had no effect on the monensin-induced depression. Trials 2 and 3 were designed to evaluate the effects of dietary energy level on the monensin response in commercial broiler chicks fed diets containing 24, 20, or 16% CP. As CP level was decreased, the depression in performance from 121 mg/kg monensin increased. Increasing the energy concentration of the 24 and 20% CP diets to that of the 16% CP diet had no consistent effect on the response of chicks to monensin. Trial 4 was conducted to determine the influence of amino acid (AA) supplementation on the monensin response in broiler chicks fed a low-protein diet. Supplementation of a 16% CP diet with an AA mixture (3% glutamic acid plus essential AA equal to the 24% CP diet) improved growth performance markedly. Deletion of methionine, arginine, and lysine from the AA mixture yielded performance well below that of chicks fed the unsupplemented 16% CP diet, indicating a severe AA imbalance. Monensin supplementation at 121 mg/kg caused a much greater growth depression in chicks fed 16% CP or 16% CP plus the complete AA mixture than in those fed 24% CP or the AA-imbalanced 16% protein diet.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6531333 TI - Modified step-up protein feeding regimens for egg-type chickens. 1. Growth and production performance. AB - Effects of sequential changes in dietary protein on growth from 0 to 20 weeks of age and on egg production from 20 to 72 weeks of age were evaluated with White Leghorn chickens. Four dietary treatments were compared. They consisted of three dietary regimens wherein an 18% crude protein (CP) diet was fed to 1, 2, or 3 weeks of age (Treatments 1, 2, and 3, respectively) and then common 12, 15, and 18% CP diets to 8, 14, and 20 weeks, respectively. These three regimens were compared with a control regimen (Treatment 4) that consisted of feeding 18, 15, and 12% CP diets to 6, 14, and 20 weeks of age, respectively. At 20 weeks of age, 144 birds from each treatment were moved into laying cages for the subsequent 52 weeks of egg production. In comparison with birds on the control feeding regimen, those reared under Treatments 1, 2, and 3 consumed significantly less feed during the 20-week growing period. Birds of Treatments 2 and 3 consumed significantly more protein than those of Treatments 1 and 4. By feeding a 12% CP diet from 1, 2, and 3 to 8 weeks of age, body weights were significantly lower than the average body weight of the control birds, approximately 20, 17, and 13%, respectively, by 6 weeks of age, but only 2 to 4% at 16 weeks of age, and by nonsignificant amounts at 28 weeks of age. Treatment 1 birds consumed 1.8% (significantly) less feed per unit body weight and were 2.6% (significantly) lighter at 20 weeks of age compared with the control birds.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6531334 TI - Decreased fertility resulting from treatment of fowl spermatozoa with neuraminidase or phospholipase c. AB - The effect of altering the surface topography of fowl spermatozoal plasma membranes on subsequent fertilizing ability was studied by exposing Single Comb White Leghorn spermatozoa to neuraminidase or phospholipase c. Semen was diluted 1:1 with Beltsville Poultry Semen Extender (BPSE) or BPSE containing 40 IU/ml neuraminidase or 100 IU/ml phospholipase c, then incubated 30 min at 25 C before intravaginal insemination. Incubation of spermatozoa with either enzyme did not reduce motility or lyse spermatozoa as monitored by glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase release. However, fertility was depressed by neuraminidase or phospholipase c, 54 and 4%, respectively, compared to 88% for the incubated control. Intravaginal deposition of enzyme solutions 30 min prior to insemination with BPSE diluted semen did not affect fertility. This study demonstrates that alteration of carbohydrate and phospholipid moieties of the spermatozoal plasma membrane decreases fertility without reducing motility. PMID- 6531335 TI - Interaction of high temperature and Salmonella pullorum antigen concentration on serum agglutinin and corticosteroid responses in white rock chickens. AB - In three experiments, 6- to 7-week-old chickens were exposed to one or two standard heating episodes and were injected immediately afterward with different concentrations of heat-killed Salmonella pullorum antigen (Ag) or phosphate buffered saline. The standard heat episode consisted of three .5-hr exposures of 44 to 46 C with .5-hr periods of 22 C between exposures. Nonheated chickens were maintained at 22 C. When two heating episodes were used, there was a 12-hr interval between episodes. Sera from blood collected at 0 through 15 days postimmunization (PI) were titrated for total agglutinins and assayed for corticosteroids in all three experiments. Additionally, in Experiment 3, sera were titrated for 2-mercaptoethanol-resistant (2-MER) antibody. Total agglutinins were suppressed from 5 through 13 days PI by one heating episode in birds receiving lower doses of Ag but not in those receiving higher doses. When birds were exposed to two heat episodes, 12 hr apart, total agglutinin titers were suppressed in birds receiving the low Ag dose during the induction phase (4 to 5 days PI) only. During the declining phase (7 to 14 days PI), the effect was reversed, and titers were significantly lower in heated birds receiving the higher dosage. These results are similar to those previously obtained with ACTH (adrenocorticotropin). Determination of 2-MER antibody indicated that IgM was probably suppressed during the induction of the immune response but that IgG was suppressed during the declining phase of the response. Serum corticosteroid concentrations were significantly increased immediately after exposure to high temperature.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6531336 TI - Plasma ascorbic acid concentration following ascorbic acid loading in chicks. AB - Three trials were conducted to determine the changes in plasma ascorbic acid (AA) associated with varying levels and duration of supplemental AA. In Trial 1, supplemental AA was provided in the drinking water at 0, 5, 25, 50, 100, 250, 500, 1000, and 2000 micrograms/ml (ppm). Plasma AA concentrations were significantly elevated in chicks receiving 250 ppm AA or greater. In Trial 2, plasma AA concentrations increased significantly within 4 hr of supplementation in chicks receiving 1000 ppm AA. Statistically, maximum AA values occurred some 8 hr following the initiation of supplementation. Removal of the supplemented water resulted in rapid declines in plasma AA in Trial 3. Plasma AA values significantly higher than controls were maintained 16 hr after the removal of the supplemental water. Values returned to those of controls within 20 hr. PMID- 6531337 TI - Relationship of dietary calcium level during the prelay phase of an induced molt to postmolt performance. AB - Leghorn laying hens were induced to molt by a combination of photoperiod reduction and fasting for 14 days, during which time the hens lost 31.5% of their initial body weight. The hens were then assigned to one of four diets containing 1.0, 1.75, 2.5, or 3.5% calcium until egg production resumed. The 3.5% calcium diet was fed to all treatments from the resumption of 5% egg production. Postmolt egg production and feed conversion were not affected significantly. Egg weight, shell weight, and egg specific gravity were not affected consistently. It was concluded that high dietary calcium levels immediately postfast have no adverse effect on postmolt performance. PMID- 6531338 TI - Hydrocarbons in hens injected with inactivated oil adjuvant vaccine. AB - The radioactivity of different organs and tissues of laying hens injected with inactivated oil adjuvant vaccine containing [n-1-14C] octadecane was measured. It was shown that the hydrocarbons injected with the vaccination diffuse in relatively short periods of time to all the tissues, especially to those of the organs with greater blood supply, and that the hydrocarbons are largely eliminated by means of the eggs. PMID- 6531339 TI - [Homeostasis of normal bone tissue and under extreme exposures]. PMID- 6531340 TI - [Metabolic balance of zinc in infants and children]. AB - Zinc metabolism in infants and children was evaluated on the basis of chemical balance studies of this element. The zinc intake chemically measured oscillated in the broad limits from 0,2 to 17,1 mg/d according to the age and to the manner of feeding; the highly positive zinc retentions were obtained only in infants with high intake of this element. Zinc in the diet of infants in some part derived from water. Low positive retentions were observed by intake in the limits of daily allowances (3-5 mg/d) and by the low content of calcium in the diet. About one half of zinc balances was negative because of relatively low zinc intake and the high calcium intake. The negative zinc balances could be caused also by the suggested presence of antinutritive substances in the diet. The low zinc intake founded in older children (3-10 years) and the low retention of this element could be the reason zinc deficiency states in children of different age. PMID- 6531341 TI - [Necessity and usefulness of kinetic rehabilitation of children and adolescents with neoplasms--preliminary report]. AB - The work is an attempt of compiting theoretical information and presentation of problems and assumptions concerning the process of kinetic rehabilitation in children and young people with tumor disease. Problems of diagnostic and therapeutic process considered are based on physiology of physical effort, peculiarity of illness and age of the patients. The authors confirm the rightness of including the kinetic rehabilitation into the process of complex treatment in child oncology. They also suggested to undertake studies on adaptation or preparation of proper methods of evaluation of physical status of patients. PMID- 6531342 TI - [Evaluation of the results of treatment of endodermal sinus tumor in children]. AB - Endodermal sinus tumor is a rare kind of cancer in children. In Clinical Department of Pediatric Oncology there were treated 8 children with endodermal sinus tumor (EST). 4 of them were localised in sacrococcygeal region, 3 in genital system and 1 in testis. In all these cases high level of AFP was observed. Complex therapy was done including surgery, chemotherapy and rtg therapy, giving as result 3 years survival in 1 only case. Another case is still in course of the treatment. Unified protocol of therapy is not founded till now and prognosis in majority of children is not satisfied. PMID- 6531343 TI - [Preliminary analysis and elaboration of the methods of study of the attitude of parents of children with neoplasms and the methods of psychotherapy and evaluation of physical fitness of these children]. AB - The main purpose of this paper is presentation of chosen methods of reintegration into main stream from the point of psychological, social development and physical capacity, in children with cancer. These methods concern to: investigation of parents' attitude towards children with cancer, group psychological therapy, evaluation of general physical capacity of the children and their locomotion function. There were done preliminary analysis of parents' attitude of children with cancer in diagnostic period. It consists a trial in verification of chosen methods. PMID- 6531344 TI - [Preliminary elaboration of diagnostic methods for rhabdomyosarcoma in children]. AB - The material basic for this paper consists of 24 children with soft tissue tumors, aged 1-16 years which were diagnosed in the Clinical Department of Child Oncology of the Institute of Mother and Child Warsaw. The diagnostic methods included: interview, physical examination, radiological examination (including CT), bone marrow punction histological investigation by means of fine needle punction and/or biopsy. These methods were sufficient in making a precise diagnosis and staging. The most frequent was stage III (16 cases). It comes from a fact of late diagnosis caused by non characteristic clinical picture. All common localisation was represented in this group (stage III including a cases of causel localisation in the heart. PMID- 6531345 TI - [Preliminary elaboration of the method of specimen collection using fine-needle biopsy in the diagnosis of rhabdomyosarcoma in children]. AB - Fine needle punction proposed by Martin and Ellis in 1931, is a safe method of diagnosis by means of cytology making possible tumoral verification. In group of 24 children with RMS treated in Clinical Department of Child Oncology, Institute of Mother and Child Warsaw during last 2 years, fine needle punction was made in 7 cases. Precise diagnosis was possible after cytological examination in 2 cases. Non-precise diagnosis confirming malignant tumor only, was done in 3 cases. In resting 2 cases there were no material for evaluation, by means of cytology. Anyhow there was tissue material for histopathological examination. No complications in our material was observed. Fine needle punction is a safe method but requires personal experience of the surgeon and pathologist who performed cytological examination. Method seems to useful in advanced tumors when surgery is limited. Precise diagnosis is possible in short time, and early treatment can be done. PMID- 6531346 TI - [Are microwaves a co-teratogen? Experimental model concept and its verification]. AB - Microwave radiation does not result in development of congenital malformations in mice until hyperthermia is evoked. However, in the literature it is well established that certain environmental and occupational factors not being teratogenic per se may enhance and/or influence potency of established teratogens. As concerns the microwave radiation there are results suggesting cocarcinogenic properties of this radiation. In view of the above we set the hypothesis that microwave radiation may also interfere with teratogenic potency of the established teratogens. For the experiment we selected cytosine arabinoside (ara-C) under the trade name of Cytosar, produced by the Upjohn Co. The scheme of our experiment included injection of pregnant mice with 10 mg per kg of are-C on various days of gestation and further also irradiation in microwaves fields at power density of 10 mW/cm2. After checking the teratogenic potency of ara-C in further study on combination of ara-C and microwaves all the mice from the experimental groups were injected on the 9th day of gestation. The significant increase of the incidence of both malformations and resorptions was observed after combined action of are-C and microwaves. We conclude that the experimental pattern of teratogenic action of are-C can be used widely in experiments on combination with other environmental and occupational factors. PMID- 6531347 TI - [Pharmacokinetics of nitrofurantoin in the bodies of pregnant rats]. AB - The investigation of nitrofurantoin (NTF) pharmacokinetics in pregnant rats was undertaken to estimate its cumulation in the fetus unit. It was found that pharmacokinetics of NTF is dose-dependent in non-pregnant rats. The biological half-life time increased from 0.24 to 0.41 and 0.72 h for NTF doses 10.20 and 40 mg/kg, respectively. The elimination of NTF was diminished in pregnant rats. The pharmacokinetic analysis revealed a possibility of strong NTF accumulation in the pregnant rats (increased K12/K21 ratio). Taking into account increased renal function in pregnancy, one may suspect that decreased elimination of NTF was rather caused by its significant cumulation in the changed tissue compartment. PMID- 6531348 TI - [Serotonin concentration in the rat fetal brain in experimental intrauterine dystrophy]. AB - The concentration of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) was determined in the brain of fetal rats with experimental intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR). IUGR was induced using the procedure of Wigglesworth. On the 17th day of gestation, the uterine artery supplying one uterine horn was ligated. The artery of the opposite uterine horn was left untouched (control). On the 22nd day the fetuses were delivered by C-section. 5-HT was determined by fluorometric method. Statistical analysis employed the paired Student t-test. The average body weight of the IUGR fetuses was 3.15 g, whereas control fetuses 4,50 g. The mean concentration of 5-HT was 10,4% lower in IUGR fetal brains. The mean 5-HT brain concentration in IUGR was 155 micrograms/g of tissue, whereas in control the mean concentration was 173 micrograms/g of tissue. The difference between these brain concentrations was significant (p less than 0,005). We conclude that reduction in maternofetal blood flow in the 3rd trimester of gestation results in decreased concentration in the brain of 5-HT. PMID- 6531349 TI - [Chloramphenicol metabolism in the tissues of newborn and adult rabbits]. AB - The in vitro studies on the metabolism of chloramphenicol in the liver, kidney and lung of 5 days old and adult rabbit as well as in the placenta (20-23 day of gestation) have been performed. The metabolites have been identified by thin layer chromatography technique. Nonmetabolized chloramphenicol and reduction product were estimated by spectrophotometric method. The obtained results showed that in adult rabbit chloramphenicol was metabolized in the liver and lung, but no nitroreduction seems to occur in none of these tissues. In contrast to the adult animal the metabolism of chloramphenicol occurred in the all investigated organs of 5 days old rabbit. Each of the examined tissues of newborn animal showed the activity of nitroreductase. The biotransformation, including nitroreduction, of chloramphenicol occurred also in placenta. The thin-layer chromatography technique showed the presence of the product of hydrolysis of amide linkage in the liver of adult rabbit and in the placenta, and in the placenta additionally the product of hydrolysis of amide linkage without aliphatic amine group. PMID- 6531350 TI - [45Ca2+ uptake by rat thymocytes in the presence of blood serum of patients with cystic fibrosis]. AB - The results of examination of 45Ca2+ (uptake by freshly prepared) thymocytes from rat in the presence of blood serum from CF patients and healthy persons as differentiating agent are presented. The presence of the factor responsible for enhanced Ca uptake in the blood serum of CF patients was found in our experimental system. That factor was absent in the blood serum of rats chronically treated with reserpine. This is in agreement with previous findings that this factor was related to the basic genetic defect in CF(6). Very efficient influx of 45Ca2+ into the rat thymocytes (up to 6,2%) being accompanied by increased calcium uptake in the presence of serum factor of CF patients in comparison with control serum of healthy persons should be underlined. PMID- 6531351 TI - [Histoenzymatic study of postnatal development of the rat ovary, follicular atresia and interstitial gland]. AB - In our experiment, we investigated histoenzymatic activity od postnatal development of rat ovary, specially the main metabolic process--steroidogenesis. We noticed, that during early folliculogenesis great amount of follicles are eliminated by atresia. Atresia also plays very important role in forming of interstitial gland. Interstitial gland which is found in ovary of 14 days old rat ovaries, morphologically and enzymatically differs from the structure observed on older animals. We concluded, that ovary of 14 days old rat is not developed but ovary of 21 days old rat seems to be morphologically and histochemically well developed. PMID- 6531352 TI - [Degree and dynamics of changes in physical work capacity of children and adolescents in relation to somatic development and motor activity]. AB - The author presents and discusses the problems of work physiology in the age of development and changes of physical performance during the second decade of life on the basis of the results of her own cross-sectional and two series of longitudinal studies. The main considered problems are as follows: Morphological, physiological and psychological determination of adaptation of children and adolescents to physical exercises. The level of aerobic and anaerobic capacity of Warsaw children aged 9-15 years. Cross-sectional study (n = 667); measurements: PWC170 using bicycle ergometer and step test, anaerobic capacity using Wingate Anaerobic Test according to Bar-Or (1978). Dynamics of changes of physical work capacity (PWC170) in children and adolescents 11-17 years old in relation to their physical activity, chronological and biological age--longitudinal studies (n = 112). Dynamics of changes of aerobic capacity (VO2 max--directly measured) in children aged 11-14 years in relation to their chronological, biological age and sport disciplines--longitudinal studies (n = 94). Motor development and reaction to different types of exercises in obese 7-15 years old children. Cross sectional studies (n = 257); measurements: physical fitness using Denisiuk's, Chrominski's, Ozjerecki's tests; tapping test; some indices of respiratory function; PWC170; haemodynamic reaction on isometric exercise; physical activity and work load during physical education lessons. In conclusion about every above mentioned chapter practical indications for physical education, sports and health care are recommended. The elaborated norms for some indices of aerobic and anaerobic capacity may be useful in individual diagnosis of physical work capacity of healthy and sick children, monitoring its changes during growth as well as in observation of secular changes of physical performance in the future. PMID- 6531353 TI - [Biological development of adolescents from rural areas, students of the School of Agriculture]. AB - The paper contains the data on 15 somatic traits of 224 pupils of the Secondary School of Agriculture in Warsaw Voivodship, the time of menarche in girls was also noted. As compared with rural youth as a whole, their height and weight were found to be greater which is probably due to their superior living conditions. In comparison with their contemporaries living in Warsaw, their height and weight were found to be inferior while their body proportions were different. In girls, menarche appeared to have been delayed as compared with both Warsaw girls and rural girls generally throughout Poland. PMID- 6531354 TI - [Radiographic evaluation of upper calyx syndrome]. AB - Upper calyx syndrome in children was first described in 1968. It may be caused by dysmorphy, organic narrowing and vascular compression. The purpose of this report is estimation the frequency of this syndrome in children with chronic pyelonephritis, its clinical significance and determination the test of roentgenological diagnosis. In 21 cases (5% children with chronic pyelonephritis) there were changes in upper calyx. The main cause of this changes was vascular compression (4,3%). Clinical significance of upper calyx syndrome is big, because in all the cases there was chronic infection of genitourinary tract. The roentgenological signs of upper calyx syndrome are; obstruction at the infundibulum, significant distending of calyx and delayed emptying at intravenous pyelography. PMID- 6531355 TI - [Electrophysiological studies on the adaptation of eutrophic mature newborn infants during sleep in the first week of life]. AB - The aim of the study was: elaboration of behaviour characteristics of eutrophic healthy newborns during adaptation (first 5 days) by determination of sleep states and interrelation of particular sleep states as well as characteristics of respiratory function in active and quiet sleep. Material comprised 50 eutrophic healthy newborns born at term between 38-41 weeks of conceptional age with body weight 2800-4300 g. 33 newborns were born by spontaneous delivery (SpD) and 17 by primary cesarean section (CS). Normal state of all clinically investigated newborns immediately after delivery and in the newborns period was noted. According to the aim of study polygraphic sleep records were performed in all newborns and they included EEG, chin electromyogram, respiratory and cardiac rates, eye movements and body movements. Recordings time was 2-3 hours. All records were taken during day sleep between 2 feedings (at 9 and 12). From all polygraphic investigations 75 records were selected for detailed analysis. Among them there was 50 records of newborns delivered by SpD and 25 records of newborns delivered by CS. In each consecutive 5 days of life there were analysed 10 records of SpD and 5 of CS. These records were the subject of investigation of behavioural patterns of newborn including sleep and respiratory function in sleep in the first 5 consecutive days of life. Each sleep state (active, quiet and indeterminate) was classified using 4 electropolygraphic parameters (EEG, respiration, eye and body movements). Characteristics of behavioural newborn pattern were determined in consecutive 5 days of life considering the kind of delivery and using quantitative and qualitative analysis of obtained data. Qualitative analysis concerned the occurrence of particular sleep states and the type of the first sleep state beginning the sleep. Quantitative analysis comprised: time duration of wakefulness, time duration of each sleep state- expressed by total time duration of each sleep state and by longest time duration of each sleep state, calculated during 100 minutes of sleep. These values were determined by quantitative analysis of individual records as well as by medium values received from all records in every day of life. Characteristics of respiratory function were analysed analogically in the same 5 days of life with regard to the kind of delivery, independently of active and quiet sleep state.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6531356 TI - [Usefulness of metoclopramidum-Polfa in the roentgenological diagnosis of defects of the gastrointestinal system in children]. AB - The purpose of this report is estimation of influence of Metoclopramidum on gastrointestinal tract in children and advantages of its administration in gastrointestinal examination. Between October 1980 and August 1981 70 children had contrast gastrointestinal studies with administrations Metoclopramidum. In the cases of suspicion pylorostenosis administration Metoclopramidum make possible correct diagnosis with minimal irradiation of child. After administration Metoclopramidum the roentgenological sing of hiatus hernia and reflux gastro-oesophageal are better visible. PMID- 6531357 TI - [Ceruloplasmin, haptoglobin and transferrin levels in bronchial secretions of children with chronic respiratory tract diseases]. AB - Bronchial secretions from 191 children with various respiratory diseases and from 7 healthy controls were tested for concentration of ceruloplasmin, haptoglobin and transferrin. Highest protein levels were observed in children with bronchiectasis and cystic fibrosis. The protein levels were correlated with the intensity of the inflammatory process. PMID- 6531359 TI - Porphyrin localization and treatment of tumors. Proceedings of the Clayton Foundation International Symposium. Santa Barbara, California, April 24-28,1983. PMID- 6531360 TI - Light propagation in animal tissues in the wavelength range 375-825 nanometers. PMID- 6531358 TI - [Serum cholesterol levels in children aged 4-14 years]. AB - Total serum or plasma cholesterol levels in children aged 4, 6, 10 and 14 years were investigated. The studies included children from kindergartens and schools of Wola and Ochota Districts of Warsaw. Examination was performed on 1289 children (667 girls and 622 boys). 362 children (199 girls and 163 boys) of 10 years old group were in nonfasting state, residual children from all groups were in fasting state. Mean values of cholesterol levels in children aged 4 and 6 years were similar (161,6 +/- 27 vis 161,8 +/- 27 mg per 100 ml). The trend towards decrease of cholesterol levels with age was observed. Cholesterol levels in fasting (156,2 +/- 24,6 mg per 100 ml) and nonfasting (180,0 +/- 25 mg per 100 ml) 10 years groups of children were statistically significant (p less than 0,001). Percentile and percentage distribution of cholesterol levels below mean value, above mean +/- 1 SD, above 200 and 230 mg per 100 ml is presented for all investigated age groups. In the investigated population of children cholesterol levels greater than 200 mg per 100 ml occurred in 3,2-7,2% in boys and 0-11,6% in girls dependent on age. Respectively values greater than 230 mg per 100 ml were in 0-1,2% for boys and 0-2,1% for girls. PMID- 6531361 TI - Phantom measurements for light dosimetry using isotropic and small aperture detectors. PMID- 6531362 TI - Studies of light propagation through tissue. PMID- 6531363 TI - A comparison of spectral transmittance for several mammalian tissues: effects at PRT frequencies. PMID- 6531364 TI - Dependence of photosensitized singlet oxygen production on porphyrin structure and solvent. PMID- 6531365 TI - Mechanisms of photooxygenation. PMID- 6531366 TI - Phthalocyanines labeled with gamma-emitting radionuclides as possible tumor scanning agents. PMID- 6531367 TI - Photophysical and photosensitizing properties of hematoporphyrin bound with human serum albumin. PMID- 6531368 TI - Photophysics of and instrumentation for porphyrin detection and activation. AB - In conclusion, when considering the photophysics of porphyrin detection and activation, it must be remembered that both processes are photon absorption initiated. As such, the absorption spectrum of the porphyrin, the wavelength or spectrum of the activating light, the rate of its delivery, its mode of delivery and the optical characteristics of the tissue must all be considered. When considering instrumentation, the spectral output or spectral sensitivity of the instrumentation must be considered. It is hoped that this review will provide basic knowledge to the new and established investigators in this area and thereby help to accelerate the field. PMID- 6531369 TI - In vitro and in vivo studies on the interaction of hematoporphyrin and its dimethylester with normal and malignant cells. PMID- 6531371 TI - An overview of the status of photoradiation therapy. PMID- 6531370 TI - Tissular distribution and pharmacokinetics of hematoporphyrin diacetate on rats. PMID- 6531372 TI - Photoradiation therapy for cutaneous and subcutaneous malignant tumors using hematoporphyrin. PMID- 6531373 TI - Optical dosimetry for direct and interstitial photoradiation therapy of malignant tumors. PMID- 6531374 TI - Affinity sorbents containing benzamidine derivatives for biomedical application. AB - Affinity sorbents for trypsin have been obtained by immobilization of 4 amidinophenylalkylcarboxylic acids on macroporous silica gel. Frontal chromatography was used to measure the dissociation constants of the trypsin immobilized inhibitor complexes (Kd). The Kd value has been found to increase 50 100 fold on immobilization. A commercial trypsin preparation was purified on the obtained biospecific sorbent. Applicability of the affinity sorbent containing 4 amidinophenylacetic acid was demonstrated by hemoperfusion in dogs with acute pancreatitis. The sorbent with immobilized low molecular mass trypsin inhibitor has the capacity to greatly reduce the level of proteases in blood without altering the concentration of protease inhibitors: this results in efficient treatment. PMID- 6531375 TI - Synthesis of hypolipidemic silybin analog 3',4'-ethylenedioxyflavonoids. AB - For pharmacological investigation various types of silybin analogues have been synthesized. According to the results of preliminary tests, many of the prepared benzodioxane analogues of chalcones, chalcone epoxides, isoflavones, flavanones and aurones possessed hypolipidemic activity. PMID- 6531376 TI - Synthesis of some bergapten and ammajin derivatives with potential antibacterial activity. AB - The reaction of bergapten and ammajin with chlorosulfonic acid i shown to give the sulfonyl chlorides 1 and 11 which react with aliphatic, aromatic, and heterocyclic amines to give the corresponding sulfonamides. Phenols also react with 1 and 11 to give the sulfonate esters 5 and 15. Interaction of bergapten with phosphorous(V)sulfide gave the thione 7 which on reaction with amines gave 9. The antibacterial activity of the products is reported. PMID- 6531377 TI - Synthesis of 2-carbalkoxyamino-5(6)-(1-substituted piperazin-4-yl/piperazin-4 ylcarbonyl)benzimidazoles and related compounds as potential anthelmintics. AB - A number of 1,4-di-(3,4-disubstituted benzoyl)piperazines (3-6), 1-(3,4 disubstituted benzoyl)-4-(3,4-disubstituted phenyl)piperazines (9-11), 1,4-di-(2 carbalkoxyaminobenzimidazol-5(6)-yl-carbonyl)piperazines (12, 13), 1-(2 carbalkoxyaminobenzimidazol-5(6)- ylcarbonyl)-4-(2-carbalkoxyaminobenzimidazol 5(6)-yl) piperazines (14, 15) and 1-(2-carbalkoxyaminobenzimidazol-5(6)-yl)-4 (N,N- dicarbalkoxyamidino)piperazines (17, 18) have been synthesized and their anthelmintic activity is reported. PMID- 6531378 TI - [The behavior of various phenylalkylamines in ultraviolet light. 23. Stability of drugs and preparations]. AB - The UV-VIS-spectrophotometry and the DC enable a survey on qualitative changes of the drugs to be tested after lighting. They are components of investigations performed to ascertain the sensitivity of drug solutions. The authors discuss phenylalkylamine changes after lighting. PMID- 6531379 TI - Determination of boron impurities in syrups containing lactulose. AB - An analytical method for the determination of boron content of crude and finished syrups containing lactulose has been described. A coloured complex of boron formed with azomethine-H is used for the determination. Conditions of the complex forming reaction, and the effects of matrices containing mainly carbohydrates and flavouring and conserving agents too, have been studied. Boron content of the syrups has been measured as 95.4 to 104.6% with a standard deviation of +/- 3.7% (n = 20, p = 0.95). PMID- 6531380 TI - [Comparative studies on the study of drug-excipient interactions with vapor pressure osmometry and equilibrium dialysis]. AB - The authors discuss how far the vapour osmometry enables to make statements on the interaction between drugs and macromolecular agents as well as on their dependence upon various test parameters. The results are compared to those of the equilibrium dialysis. Sulfathiazole sodium and the polyvinylpyrrolidones PVP K 25 and PVP K 90 are used the sample substances. Concerning the interaction dependence upon the concentrations of drugs or agents, resp., both the methods revealed findings of comparable trends. An increased agent concentration or a reduced drug concentration results in an increased sulfathiazole-PVP interaction. An exothermic binding process can be derived from tonometric and dialysis results. Vapour osmometric measurements not only restricting to the interactions drugs-agents, but also recording all the interactions caused by variations of the particle number, the findings obtained by means of buffered solution do not permit a comparability of both the methods. Although the equilibrium dialysis takes precedence in the exact registration of drug-agent interactions, the vapour osmometry has an advantage in the registration of drug interactions with membrane permeating agents. PMID- 6531381 TI - Application of the simple mathematical function for the quantitative description of in vitro release of drug agents from the ointment bases. AB - An attempt of the quantitative description of the release process by the simple mathematical functions has been made. It was found that the hyperbolic function q = t/(A + Bt) is the best for this application. The values of the parameters 1/A and 1/B are proportional to the released amounts of drug, so they can be useful for the evaluation of the rate of the release process. PMID- 6531382 TI - Studies on substances of plant origin with anticipated cyto- and oncostatic activity. Part 1: The influence of water extracts from Melissa officinalis on the protein biosynthesis in vitro. PMID- 6531383 TI - Investigation on the pharmaceutical availability of monoethanolamine, diethanolamine and morpholine from hydrophilic gels. PMID- 6531384 TI - Some newer piperazine derivatives as hypotensive drugs. PMID- 6531385 TI - [Antiserotonergic effect of antidepressives in quipazine-induced headshake behavior in the rat]. PMID- 6531386 TI - [Stability of hydrochlorothiazide and cyclopenthiazide in various drug forms. 1. Stability of hydrochlorothiazide and cyclopenthiazide]. PMID- 6531387 TI - [Effect of new quaternary pyridinium compounds against selected bacterial and fungal strains. 12. Synthesis of 4-ethyl-1-(n-alkylthiomethyl)- and 4-ethyl-1-(n alkoxymethyl)pyridinium chlorides]. PMID- 6531388 TI - [Automated sampling and analysis procedure for dissolution tests of Fe2+ drug preparations]. PMID- 6531389 TI - Proton magnetic spectroscopic (PMR) determination of diphenhydramine hydrochloride in dosage forms. AB - Direct dissolution of the bulk material, capsule, or freeze-dried solution for injection and an internal standard in chloroform-d and recording of the PMR spectra provides a simple, specific, and accurate assay method form diphenhydramine hydrochloride [2-(diphenyl-methoxy)-N,N-dimethylethanamine hydrochloride] in pharmaceutical samples. The drug content can be calculated from the integral values for the N-methyl protons of diphenhydramine at ca. 2.85 ppm and for the methyl protons of tert-butyl alcohol at ca. 1.27 ppm. The mean +/- SD% recoveries from synthetic mixtures simulating capsules and injectables were 100.0 +/- 0.2 (n = 11) and 100.1 +/- 0.4 (n = 4), respectively. The method also permits the detection of degradation of diphenhydramine such as benzhydrol, diphenylchloromethane, and 2-(dimethylamino)ethanol to a minimum of about 2% of the parent compound. PMID- 6531390 TI - [The effect of dehydration loss of tablet excipients on the energy- distance diagram and on tablet characteristics]. AB - Four tabletting agents of the micro-crystalline cellulose type (Heweten 10, Heweten 12, Heweten 40 and Avicel PH 101) as well as a potato starch lactose granulate had been tabletted on an instrumented slow-motion eccentric press (1 r. p. m.) following storage at different relative humidities. The data resulting from force-punch displacement measurements had been related to the radial steadiness to breakage and the dehydration loss of the relevant agent. PMID- 6531391 TI - In vitro release of meclozine hydrochloride from lipophilic suppository bases with or without tensides. AB - Meclozine hydrochloride suppositories were prepared with lipophilic bases, and the release rate of the drug from molten suppositories was investigated in vitro. Among various suppository bases, the highest rate was obtained when Witepsol H 15 was used. The release rates were affected if nonionic tensides (Tween 20 and 80) were incorporated. In comparison to the tensides-free suppositories, the rates obtained with suppositories containing 5, 20 and 30% of tensides were higher, approximately the same, and lower (respectively). The results were interpreted in terms of the micellar solubilization of the drug with nonionic tensides. PMID- 6531392 TI - Simulation of pharmacokinetic behaviour of drug-cyclodextrin complexes. AB - Complexation with cyclodextrin decreases the hydrophobicity of poorly soluble drugs and results in enhanced dissolution rates and higher solubility. In vivo experiments showed that this "molecular encapsulation" of drugs leads to enhanced bioavailability, which is controlled by the solubilities, stability constants of the complexes, the molar ratio of drug: cyclodextrin, etc. This modification of the pharmacokinetic processes has been simulated by computing the theoretical blood level curves. These computer-simulated curves seem to be appropriate models of the experimental observations. Knowing the numerical values of the parameters utilized in these computer simulations, the modification of the pharmacokinetics can be predicted when using cyclodextrin complexes in oral dosage forms. PMID- 6531393 TI - [Non-aqueous protometry as a pharmacopeia method of drug analysis]. PMID- 6531394 TI - The bioavailability of ibuprofen (Polfa) dragees for rabbits with malabsorption syndrome experimentally caused by neomycin. PMID- 6531395 TI - Activation of lymphocytes by lycorine-1-O-beta-D-glucoside. PMID- 6531396 TI - Enhancement of solubility of furosemide with beta-cyclodextrin. PMID- 6531397 TI - Preparation and investigation of hydrochlorothiazide products containing beta cyclodextrin. PMID- 6531399 TI - Synthesis of some tetrahydronaphthyl-1,2,4-triazines of possible schistosomicidal activity. PMID- 6531398 TI - [Serotonin antagonistic effect of antidepressives on the isolated stomach strip of the rat]. PMID- 6531400 TI - Simultaneous determination of atropine sulphate and tropic acid by reversed phase high-pressure liquid chromatography. PMID- 6531401 TI - [Antiphlogistic and analgesic effects of leiocarposide, a phenolic bisglucoside of Solidago virgaurea L]. PMID- 6531402 TI - Methodological aspects of analysing human breast cancer cell lines by NMR spectroscopy. AB - In an attempt to identify the factors which might affect the measurement of water proton relaxation times in cultured cells, we have begun a long-term study of two human breast cancer cell lines, MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-435s. We tested growth rates and cell cycle distribution as intrinsic properties of the cells as well as methodological steps which might affect the measurement of T1 and T2. A detailed examination of the growth rates of the two cell lines, easily recognized as slow (231) and fast (435s) in culture, revealed that this attribute is difficult to correlate precisely with T1s or T2s. The reason is that the relaxation times are necessarily measured at one point in time while the growth rates are a summation of ongoing processes occurring over hours. Cell cycle distribution, on the other hand, can be measured simultaneously with the relaxation times by using cells quick-frozen from the same suspension. By this method, cell cycle distribution appears to be reflected through an effect on T1s. For example, cell pellets distributed 72:15:14 in G0G1:S:G2M has longer T1s (p less than 0.01) than those distributed 43:34:23 in G0G1:S:G2M. Regarding methodological factors, trypsin appeared to lower water content and T2s in the 231 cell line. Drift in the cell cycle distribution after sample preparation did not become significant until after 2 hours in the NMR tube. It was important to standardize the force and duration of centrifugation of the cell pellets to minimize the contribution of the suspending medium without affecting cell viability. We conclude that, given careful control of methodological factors, differences in T1 may reflect metabolic differences as demonstrated by T1 differences in cell pellets showing divergent cell cycle distribution. PMID- 6531404 TI - Effects of adrenaline, calcium, and ouabain on the resting potential of frog muscle: interpretation based on the theory of allosteric control of cooperative interactions among surface anionic sites. AB - The surface adsorption theory of the cellular electric potential, a subsidiary of the association-induction hypothesis, can offer quantitative interpretations of the equilibrium resting potential of frog muscle in the presence of a constant concentration (100 mM) of external Na+ and varying external K+ (ranging from 0.1 mM to 100 mM) both in the absence and in the presence of cardinal adsorbents (ouabain, adrenaline, or Ca++). The theory can also quantitatively describe experimental data published by other laboratories from the studies of various cell types in the presence of these and other cardinal adsorbents, including some well known data which, up to now, have been regarded as specific evidence in support of the electrogenic pump theory. PMID- 6531403 TI - Quantitative relationships between the concentration of proteins and the concentration of K+ and Na+ in red cell ghosts. AB - The concentration of K+ accumulated in and Na+ extruded from red blood cell ghosts are quantitatively correlated with the total protein contents of the ghosts with a linear correlation coefficient of +0.80. The straight line derived from the 43 sets of data on K+ accumulated in the presence of varying ghost proteins, when extrapolated to the protein content of a normal red blood cell, yields a total K+ content close to that actually found in normal red blood cells. This quantitative relationship agrees with the prediction of the AI hypothesis that there should be a stoichiometric relation between the K-adsorbing protein(s) and the concentration of K+ accumulated. In addition the data suggests that in red blood cells the protein providing most of the K+ adsorbing sites is hemoglobin. The apparent equilibrium distribution coefficient, or p-value, of Na+ dissolved in the ghost water at different protein concentrations and in intact red blood cells follows a pattern similar to that seen in solutions of gelatin and of oxygen-containing linear polymers. PMID- 6531405 TI - The electron-donating strengths of side chains in the determination of protein structure. PMID- 6531406 TI - Immunomodulatory activity of Panax ginseng extract. PMID- 6531407 TI - Effects of non-sugar fraction in black sugar on lipid and carbohydrate metabolism; Part I. PMID- 6531408 TI - Studies on the activities of tannins and related compounds; V. Inhibitory effects on lipid peroxidation in mitochondria and microsomes of liver. PMID- 6531409 TI - Pharmacological actions of analogues of feruloylhistamine, an imidazole alkaloid of Ephedra roots. PMID- 6531410 TI - A new monoterpene glycoside of Paeonia lactiflora. PMID- 6531411 TI - Plant antiviral agents; V. 3-Methoxyflavones as potent inhibitors of viral induced block of cell synthesis. PMID- 6531412 TI - Alkaloids from Annonaceae; LV. Chemistry and pharmacology of Cymbopetalum brasiliense. PMID- 6531414 TI - Red marrow dose measurement in phantom for tele-irradiation of the nasopharynx by cobalt-60 unit. AB - This investigation is to study red marrow dose measurement for the 60Co gamma-ray treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma with the aid of Rando phantom. The energy of scattered radiation in space and in tissue was investigated by means of half value layers with thermoluminescent dosimeters. Other related factors such as field size, SSD, and orientation of primary beams were also investigated. In the non-metastases cases, the red marrow dose is 26 +/- 6 rads which is about 0.40% tumor dose excluding the marrow at the NPC site. For the metastases cases, the red marrow dose is still about 0.40% tumor dose. If the red marrow at the NPC site is included, the red marrow dose is about 14.5% tumor dose for both non metastases and metastases cases. PMID- 6531413 TI - Effect of Piper betle L. and its extracts on the growth and aflatoxin production by Aspergillus parasiticus. AB - Ground powder of the leaf and fruit of Piper betle L., a tropical spice plant grown in Southeast Asia, was prepared and extracted by chloroform, ethanol and water with one solvent only or with 3 solvents in sequence. The betel powder and various extracts were added to YES broth to determine their effects on the growth and aflatoxin production by Aspergillus parasiticus. Results showed that betel leaf powder exhibited higher antimycotic activity than fruit. One half percent of ground leaf powder completely inhibited the growth and aflatoxin production by A. parasiticus. Among the solvent extracts, chloroform and ethanol extracts of betel leaf prepared from a single solvent extraction showed more antimycotic activity. The ethanol extract of betel leaf at the level of 450 micrograms/ml would eliminate A. parasiticus growth and aflatoxin production. The antimycotic activity of this ethanol extract was most pronounced at pH 4. PMID- 6531415 TI - The mutagenicity of nitrite-treated aqueous extract of Piper betle L. AB - Betel quid is chewed as a masticatory material by people in certain areas of Asia. The quid chewing has been related to oral cancer by epidemiological study. The mutagenic components in the aqueous extracts of betel quid ingredients were studied. Only nitrite-treated aqueous extract of Piper betle L fruits, leaves or rhizoma were demonstrated to exhibit a mutagenic response, using Salmonella typhimurium strains TA100 and TA1535 in the Ames test. When the aqueous extract of the fruit was nitrosated, the greatest number of mutagenic substances were formed at pH 3. The formation of mutagens was enhanced by increasing the temperature from 5 to 95 degrees C. Maximum production of the mutagens occurred within 15 min when nitrosation was conducted at 35 degrees C. The mutagenic components in nitrite-treated aqueous extract of Piper betle L fruit were found to be N-nitrosopiperidine, N-nitrosopyrrolidine, N-nitrosomorpholine, and other compounds, as determined by gas chromatography-thermal energy analyzer. PMID- 6531416 TI - Vaginal contents show in vitro mutagenic activity. AB - In Millipore filtrate of some vaginal douching, mutagens were readily detected by means of the Ames Salmonella test. Among 521 subjects, the samples of 76 cases (14.6%) were mutagenic in Salmonella typhimurium TA98 or/and TA100 in the presence or absence of S9 mixture. Dichloromethane and chloroform were found to extract the mutagens satisfactorily. PMID- 6531417 TI - Double balanced de novo translocations involving chromosomes 4/15 and 5/12 in a mentally retarded boy. AB - This report describes a compound structural rearrangement containing two apparently unrelated reciprocal translocations, one between chromosomes 4 and 15, the other between 5 and 12. It is suggested that the patient's mental retardation and osteosclerosis may be the result of the loss of a small amount of chromosomal material and/or position effect accompanying these translocations. PMID- 6531418 TI - Difference between the thyroid gland of normal and hypomyelinated jimpy mice--a light microscopic study. AB - A light microscopic quantitative analysis was performed on normal and jimpy male mice for studying the difference between the structures of the thyroid glands of the two animals. The results of this analysis showed that the thyroid gland of the normal mice consisted of numerous homogenous round follicles with cuboidal follicular cells, separated by thin interlobular and interfollicular connective tissue and a few adipose tissue. The thyroid gland of jimpy mice consisted of a few, small follicles surrounded by columnar follicular cells and intraepithelial capillaries, separated by thick connective tissue and abundant adipose tissue. The number of thyroid follicles are significantly less in the jimpy mice than in the normal mice. Another striking difference is that almost every follicular cell surrounding the follicular lumen of jimpy mice is accompanied by an intraepithelial capillary. In addition, the ratio of the number of intraepithelial capillaries to the number of the thyroid follicular cells are significantly higher in the jimpy mice than in the normal mice. The S-follicles or ultimobranchial cysts of the thyroid gland are well developed in the jimpy mice. The parafollicular cells are normal in appearance. Morphological evidence suggested that the thyroid follicular cells of the jimpy mice are very active in the transport, synthesis and release of thyroglobulin, and secretion of thyroid hormones. But owing to the significantly decreased number of thyroid follicles, the inadequate secretion of the thyroid hormones result in the hypothyroidism and the hypomyelination of the jimpy mice. PMID- 6531419 TI - Acupuncture on experimental epilepsies. AB - The therapeutic effect of acupuncture on epilepsies was evaluated in 4 experimental models. 24 acupuncture points were tried. In electroconvulsive threshold model, square wave electrical stimulus of 0.2 msec and 6 Hz was applied through a pair of cotton electrodes at the cornea of mice for 3 sec. The stimulus intensity to induce stun reaction of the mouse was compared. In 86 control animals, the stimulus threshold was 0.70 +/- 0.22 mA. In the acupuncture treated group (N = 80), the threshold was 0.75 +/- 0.14 mA. In maximal electroshock model, the stimulus parameters were 60 Hz, 0.4 sec and 75 mA. The tonic extensor response of the hindlimbs of the mice was observed. 75.7% of the 115 control mice and 77.5% of the 80 acupuncture treated mice were observed to have tonic extensor response. In the focal cortical penicillin model, penicillin was applied at the subpial space over the exposed cortex of 24 cats. After the appearance of repeated spikes in ECoG, acupuncture was performed. In 175 trials the interictal spikes were decreased in 16 times, increased in 82 times. In 99 trials during seizures, the ictal activity was decreased in 4 times, increased in 79 times. In the intravenous penicillin model, high dose penicillin (1,000,000-1,500,000 U/kg) was given to 20 cats. It induced repetitive spikes and frequently even seizure discharges in EEG. Acupuncture was then tried. In 192 instances, acupuncture reduced the spikes in 13, increased the spikes in 103 times. In 74 trials during seizures, the ictal activity was suppressed in 4 times and aggravated in 66 times.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6531421 TI - A cytogenetic survey of mentally retarded children in Taiwan: final report on the incidence of chromosome abnormalities. AB - A cytogenetic survey of 470 mentally retarded children from three different sources is reported. Thirty-eight patients (8.08%) were found to have recognizable chromosome abnormalities, including 4 cases of sex chromosomes and 34 cases of autosomes. The most prominent category of abnormality was trisomic 21, a total of 26 cases of this type was found in this study. Sex chromosome abnormalities contribute very little to the etiology of mental retardation. From the results of our three groups of patients as well as from those surveyed by others, it is concluded that the more severe the degree of mental retardation, the higher the incidence of chromosome abnormalities. PMID- 6531420 TI - The effect on gastrointestinal motility after ingestion of raw bile of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) in the conscious rats. AB - The influence of raw grass carp bile on gastrointestinal motility was studied in conscious rats. It was found that the toxic bile prolonged the gastric emptying time, increased a marker substance traversed along the small intestine and accelerated the transit time along the colon. These findings might be explained by a very efficient protective response of the digestive system, and/or poisoning effect of the invading toxic substance in rats. Accumulation of fluid was found in the stomach, 20 min after ingestion of 0.3 ml of the toxic bile. Besides, ingestion of the raw bile also increased the urea nitrogen in blood, which may result from a loss of fluid volume through the gastrointestinal tract and (or) a direct action of the bile on the kidneys. PMID- 6531422 TI - Institutional pathology in a psychiatric inpatient service. PMID- 6531423 TI - Dangerousness and violence in hospitalized mentally ill offenders. AB - Clinical judgments of dangerousness depend not only on patient characteristics, but are greatly influenced by the perspective of the rater and the context for which the assessments are made. Similarly, institutional violence is determined not only by patient characteristics, but is also a function of contextual variables such as physical milieu, important clinical events not under the control of the patient, etc. To increase the predictive validity of assessments of dangerousness it is essential to specify the vulnerabilities and strengths of the patient, the current life stressors, and the contextual triggers to which the patient is likely to react violently. The momentary contextual triggers may be useful to predict the type and severity of violence and perhaps the most likely victims as well. Analyses of previous violent incidents may provide markers for contextual triggers, e.g., type of weapon, victim, severity of violence, etc. PMID- 6531424 TI - Delinquents and status offenders: a comparison on selected family and social variables. AB - While juvenile delinquents (JDs) and status offenders (CINS) are considered distinctive legally and treated as though they were different in the juvenile justice system, there is little empirical evidence to support either differences or similarities psychologically. The present study examines intake and outcome data based on 96 JDs and CINS cases who remained in the community. The two groups' family structure, recidivism, and grade termination in school were found to be more similar than dissimilar. However, there was a tendency toward a more negative relationship between CINS and their mothers than between JDs and their mothers, while relationships with fathers were similar for the two groups. Significant, and perhaps related, findings were that more parents of CINS than JDs had previously been involved in psychotherapy and that CINS were removed from home with greater frequency than JDs. Family structure was found to be related to removal from home. Suggestions for treatment are offered. PMID- 6531425 TI - Aspects of teaching psychotherapy to medical students. AB - Much concern has centered on medical students' failure to choose psychiatry as a career. Little of this discussion focuses on the challenges of treating psychiatric patients. Although all students of psychotherapy face difficult training, the medical students' preparation is unique, especially in experiencing, tolerating, and using countertransference. Understanding and caring for psychiatric patients (whether pharmacologically, psychodynamically, or otherwise) involves exposure to extremes of emotion. A therapeutic response demands skills quite different from those culled by the medical admission process and the preclinical years. Appropriate handling of consequent problems is hampered when some of the psychotherapeutic aspects of clerk-patient relations go unrecognized and when supervisors avoid discussion of the student's reactions as an integral part of the work. Without specific attention to these areas, many students feel inadequate or frightened in the clerkship. With supervisory aid, such unwelcome situations can be converted to diagnostic and therapeutic tools of great value. PMID- 6531426 TI - Ethics in psychiatry: a view from the clinic. AB - Decisions and interventions made in the course of psychiatric practice often have important ethical dimensions. Issues such as confidentiality, freedom of information, the duty to warn, double agentry, the patient's rights to treatment, and to refuse treatment are often identified in the context of inpatient psychiatry. In the practice of ambulatory psychiatry these issues are more easily ignored and therefore less frequently considered. The authors present six cases seen in an outpatient clinic of a community mental health program which illustrate ethical dilemmas in the six areas listed above. Questions raised by the cases and the clinic's interventions are discussed. Consequences for the patients and the clinic of the ethical decisions made in these are explored. PMID- 6531427 TI - [Intravenous glucose tolerance test during muscular exercise]. AB - We have valued in 8 individuals subjected to muscular moderate work the degree of use of glucose in the body tissues, measured by means of K-Conard, and the role that holds the insulin hormone in this particular condition. The IVGTT was carried out in 8 individuals, at first, in condition of relax. In the same individuals, the day after, the IVGTT was carried out after 5 minutes from the beginning of muscular work to cycloergometer set a 50 watts for a term of 30 minutes. The study demonstrates that, during the muscular moderate work, we have an improvement, statistically significant, of the use of glucose, measured by means of K-Conard (t = 2.42; P less than 0.05). Then, it demonstrates that the muscular moderate work has not any influence on plasmatic concentrations of insulin. PMID- 6531428 TI - [Cytology of breast cysts]. AB - 280 cytologic samples obtained by centrifugation of breast cyst fluids were studied. The results of the study on the cellular component and of the background are reported. The analysis was carried out on the cytomorphological aspects of the background, non epithelial cells, normal epithelial cells (foam, galactophoric, apocrine, papillary pictures) and malignant cells. Having described the single cytotypes, their diagnostic values in relation to other techniques are discussed. PMID- 6531429 TI - [Determination of blood iron using an electrochemical detector: comparison of methods and study of normal values in children]. AB - Electrochemical detector offers a rapid, accurate, precise and inexpensive micromethod for measuring iron in serum, in practise 50 microliters of serum is pipetted into the electrochemical cell and 60 seconds after the serum iron concentration is displayed digitally in mcg/dl. Day to day precision is 1.2%, the linearity is +/- 2% over range 0-1000 mcg/dl. Normal value in pediatric patients are 42-94 mcg/dl. PMID- 6531430 TI - [Pollen calendar, skin tests and blood levels of total IgE in the city of Leghorn in 1983]. AB - In this paper are reported the data concerning the airborne pollen concentrations of Graminacee, Parietaria, Composite and Oleacee collected in Livorno (Italy) during the year 1983. These results were related with clinical assay by means of intracutaneous tests and serum total IgE levels. PMID- 6531431 TI - Drug treatment of hyperlipidemia. PMID- 6531432 TI - Hyperexcitability in organotypic mouse hippocampal explants. AB - We have developed an organotypic hippocampal tissue culture model for analyses of sustained hyperexcitability in which repetitive electric stimulation of the dentate area enhances the amplitude and complexity of evoked normal and epileptiform field potentials recorded extracellularly from CA3/2 areas of neonatal mouse hippocampal explants. In explants where spontaneous field potentials are not detectable at the onset of the experiment, brief repetitive electric stimulation elicits self-sustained epileptiform discharges that continue for the duration of the recorded period (2-10 hours). Lowering the extracellular Ca++ level to 0.1-0.2 mM markedly attenuates these discharges and repetitive stimulation during a 2-4 hr period fails to elicit hyperexcitability. When tested after return to normal media repetitive stimulation can elicit hyperexcitability. Raising the extracellular K+ levels to 8-9 mM enhances the complexity of evoked as well as spontaneous field potentials and, in some cases, elicits self sustained epileptiform discharges in the absence of repetitive electric stimulation. PMID- 6531433 TI - Lithium transport in red cells of patients with affective disorders. AB - Variation in red cell Li+ transport as mediated by the Li+-Na+ exchange pathway (Li+-Na+ counterflow) appears to cause wide variation between psychiatric patients in the Li+ ratio (erythrocyte/plasma) in vivo during Li+ treatment. We obtained significant correlations between Li+ ratios determined in vivo and several measures of Li+ transport as mediated by Li+-Na+ exchange. Patients with bipolar illness had significantly lower rates of Li+ transport as mediated by this pathway than did normal subjects. PMID- 6531434 TI - Associative learning and regulation of immune responses. AB - Conventional genetically inbred mice were exposed to an immunologically inert stimulus (CS) along with a stimulus known to perturb immune functioning [either non-specifically, an immunosuppressive drug; or specifically, an antigen]. After repeated trials of this type subsequent re-exposure of such "conditioned mice" to the CS alone was found to produce a change in immune response potential. This phenomenon has been examined in situations as diverse as those in which the test antigenic challenge is a tumour cell innoculum, or a tissue allograft. Some possible clinical implications of these findings are discussed. PMID- 6531435 TI - Recent advances in the neuropsychology of Alzheimer's disease. AB - Memory, language, and visuospatial impairments are prominent neuropsychological deficits in Alzheimer's disease. The neuropsychological characteristics of Alzheimer's disease are unique, and contrast with those of other brain diseases. Neuropsychological study of patients with Alzheimer's disease may be useful in discovering the neuronal basis of cognitive processes, in differential diagnosis of dementia, and in evaluating treatment. PMID- 6531436 TI - Rat brain concentrations of 5-hydroxytryptamine following acute and chronic administration of MAO-inhibiting antidepressants. AB - Groups of male Sprague-Dawley rats were injected once daily with phenelzine (15 mg/kg) or tranylcypromine (10 mg/kg) and killed 6 h after drug administration on days 1, 2, 8 and 19. Brains were analyzed for MAO activity by a radiochemical procedure and for 5-HT concentrations by an electron-capture gas chromatographic procedure. Both drugs affected 5-HT concentrations in a similar manner--a significant increase of 5-HT over control levels by day 1, with levels still increasing between days 8 and 19, having attained concentrations approximately 5 times control values by day 19. PMID- 6531437 TI - Brain levels of 5-hydroxytryptamine, tryptamine and 2-phenylethylamine in the rat after administration of N-cyanoethyltranylcypromine. AB - Brain levels of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), tryptamine (T), 2-phenylethylamine (PEA) and monoamine oxidase activity at 5, 15, 30, 60, 120 and 240 min were determined in male Sprague-Dawley rats after intraperitoneal injection of the "pro-drug" N-2-cyanoethyltranylcypromine (CE-TCP, dose 0.1 mMole/kg). Analyses of 5-HT, T and PEA were performed on an electron-capture gas chromatograph with a capillary column. Activity of MAO-A and MAO-B was measured using a radiochemical method. Results indicate substantial inhibition of MAO in rat brain after intraperitoneal administration of CE-TCP, leading to elevated levels of 5-HT, T and PEA as early as 5 min after drug administration. Increases in brain levels of the trace amines T and PEA were much greater (approximately 40 and 100 times control levels, respectively) than with 5-HT (approximately 1.8 times control level) 240 min after administration of CE-TCP. PMID- 6531438 TI - Differential changes in central serotonin and dopamine receptors in spontaneous hypertensive rats. AB - Functional significance of central dopaminergic and serotonergic mechanism in relation to the pathogenesis of hypertension, was assessed in the brain of hypertensive rat (SHR) models. In the mesolimbic area, dopamine receptors were found to be significantly enhanced in the SHR as compared with the normotensive control, whereas serotonin receptors in the hippocampus and frontal cortex were not significantly altered in the SHR. Our results, coupled with our previous finding on the enhanced 3H-spiroperidol binding in the striatum support the hypothesis that supersensitivity of central dopamine receptors may contribute towards the development of hypertension. PMID- 6531439 TI - Effects of chronic phenelzine in the rat: altered tissue weights and metabolism of 14C-phenelzine. AB - Phenelzine (2-phenylethylhydrazine, PZ, Nardil) a clinically important antidepressant, inhibits several enzyme systems including monoamine oxidase (MAO). Since PZ is itself a known substrate for MAO, it is possible that its metabolites will differ according to the functional status of MAO. We have, therefore, examined aspects of the metabolism of 14C-PZ in the rat after multiple (15 days) treatments with nonlabelled PZ and compared results to those obtained from drug naive animals. In addition, we have examined the effects of PZ treatment upon total body weight and the weights of selected organs. Total body weights and weights of lungs, livers and kidneys were reduced from controls after repeated injection with PZ. The excretion of radioactivity was also altered. The PZ-pretreated animals excreted less (p less than 0.05) radioactivity in urine (41.1 +/- 5.6 vrs 59.2 +/- 3.7% of dose in controls) and more in expired air (p less than 0.05) than did controls. These data suggest that prior treatments with PZ alter the metabolism and excretion of subsequently administered 14C-PZ. PMID- 6531440 TI - Effect of apomorphine, a dopamine receptor agonist, on penile tumescence in normal subjects. AB - Apomorphine HCl (Apo) (0.25, 0.5 or 0.75 mg sc), a dopamine (DA) receptor agonist, induced penile erections (PEs) (monitored by mercury strain gauges and continuous recording on paper strip charts) in 7 out of 9 normal subjects and placebo in 1 of these 9 (p less than 0.05). Apo-induced PEs recurred in each of the 6 subjects retested. Benztropine (2 mg iv) had no effect on Apo-induced penile tumescence (PT). These data suggest (a) DA mechanisms play a role in normal erectile function (b) DA-mediated PT is not modulated by cholinergic systems (c) evaluation of the erectile response to Apo may provide a simple ancillary test to the investigation of impotence and a way of identifying a subpopulation of impotent subjects with impaired DA function who may respond to long-acting DA agents (d) Apo-induced PT may provide a novel way of studying DA function in man. PMID- 6531441 TI - Displacement of serotonin from binding sites in rat cortex: the effects of biogenic "trace" amines. AB - The concentrations for 50 percent inhibition of binding (IC50's) to specific in vitro serotonin binding sites (5-HT1 and 5-HT2) of rat cerebral cortex were determined for the trace amines 2-phenylethylamine, m- and p-tyramine, tryptamine, and (+)- and (-)- alpha-methyltryptamine. Tryptamine gave an IC50 of 66.7 +/- 4.8 nM (n = 7) at the 5-HT1 site and an IC50 of 3.85 +/- 0.16 microM (n = 7) for the 5-HT2 binding site. The IC50 values for all the other compounds were in the micromolar range and were different at the two binding sites except for p tyramine (IC50, 5-HT1 = IC50, 5-HT2 = 17 microM. The trace amines may have different functional roles as evidenced by their different degrees of displacement of serotonin at 5-HT1 and 5-HT2 binding sites in the brain. PMID- 6531442 TI - The effects of administration of meta-tyramine and para-tyramine on dopamine and its metabolites in the rat striatum. AB - Para-tyramine administration decreased the release of dopamine as indicated by the decline in 3-MT concentrations, increased HVA concentrations at 30 and 60 min and decreased DA concentrations at the same times. DOPAC concentrations declined after 60 min. Meta-tyramine reduced the synthesis of dopamine thus causing a decrease in the concentrations of all its metabolites by 60 min post injection. The failure of the deaminated products of the tyramines to affect the concentrations of dopamine and its metabolites suggested that the effects produced by either meta or para-tyramine were due to the amines and not due to interference with various transport mechanisms. Para-tyramine and meta-tyramine may achieve their actions on dopamine neurotransmission by different mechanisms. Para-tyramine may act as a partial agonist reducing DA release extraneuronally (the decrease in 3-MT levels) or by displacing DA intraneuronally as evidenced by the decline in DA concentrations or increase in HVA concentrations. Meta-tyramine appears to inhibit the synthesis of dopamine. PMID- 6531443 TI - Circadian rhythm of plasma melatonin in endogenous depression. AB - The circadian rhythm of plasma melatonin was investigated in normal men 18-30 years (N = 5), normal men 50-70 years (N = 5) and in six patients with endogenous depression. The environmental photoperiod was 11 hours. The subjects and patients were indoors with lights on from 07:00 until 23:00 hours. Blood samples were obtained every 4 hours over a 24 hour period, with additional sampling at 22:00 and 02:00 hours. Plasma melatonin was estimated by radioimmunoassay compared to both groups of controls. In the depressed patients, the levels of melatonin were low throughout the 24 hour period. The depressives had a delayed onset of the dark phase of the rhythm. The patients also showed peak melatonin levels occurring earlier than in the controls. Circadian rhythm of melatonin and therefore of its pacemaker may be altered in endogenous depression. PMID- 6531444 TI - Lithium and melatonin in pigmented eye rats: effects of dose and time of day. AB - Lithium has been suggested to exert some of its theraputic effects by modifying the function of the retinal-hypothalamic pineal pathway that is essential for the chronobiology of an organism (Seggie et al., 1983). Previous work was done in Wistar rats, an Albino species which lacks the enzyme for synthesis of eye pigment. This pigment is important in the regulation of light cued rhythms. The present project investigated effects of lithium in a pigmented eye strain. Adult male Long Evans rats were maintained individually on a 12 hour light/12 hour dark schedule with free access to water and one of three diets: (1) normal laboratory chow; (2) a low lithium diet: lab chow supplemented with 50 mM/kg of lithium chloride. Body weight and water intake were measured after six weeks on the diets. In Experiment I, separate groups of rats were sacrificed by rapid decapitation every 4 hours in the light/dark cycle. In Experiment II, animals were sacrificed every 90 min. between 12:00 and 20:00 hours during the dark cycle. Blood and pineal glands were collected for lithium determination and assay of melatonin by RIA. In Experiment I, plasma lithium levels were 0.35 +/- 0.01 and 0.57 +/- 0.02 mEq/1 for the low and high diets. Serum and pineal melatonin evidenced the expected diurnal rhythms. The diets had no effect on these parameters except at 14:00 hours.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6531445 TI - Platelet 3H-imipramine binding: a state-dependent marker in depression. AB - Reduced density of 3H-imipramine binding sites (Bmax) to platelets has been reported in depressed patients during an episode of illness. In the present study we assessed the usefulness of decreased Bmax of platelet 3H-imipramine binding as an indicator of the depressed state. We also investigated the effect of long-term treatment with imipramine on platelet 3H-imipramine binding. A comparison of platelet 3H-imipramine binding in 10 drug-free depressed patients and 8 normal volunteers revealed significantly lower mean Bmax values in depressed patients, whereas the affinity (Kd) of 3H-imipramine binding was identical in both groups. A longitudinal study of platelet 3H-imipramine binding in 10 depressed patients during and after imipramine treatment (125-200 mg/day) revealed consistently low Bmax values despite clinically meaningful improvement. However, Bmax values increased significantly following complete remission and remained elevated even after imipramine had been discontinued for 4 weeks. These findings suggest that decrease in the sensity of platelet 3H-imipramine binding sites in depressed patients is not likely to be a direct drug effect and that normalization of this variable may follow clinical remission. PMID- 6531446 TI - Timing of yawns induced by a small dose of apomorphine and its alteration by naloxone. AB - The report examines the temporal sequence of yawns induced by apomorphine and whether the opiate antagonist, naloxone, affects it. Before administering apomorphine (0.075 mg/kg) or saline, rats (n = 8) were pretreated with naloxone (1 mg/kg) or saline. Each subject received all 4 possible treatments (saline saline, saline-apomorphine, naloxone-saline, and naloxone-apomorphine) in random order. Results indicate that yawning induced by apomorphine seems to come in fits; that is, there is a series of yawns spaced closely together and followed by a period of quiescence before the start of another cluster of yawns. Naloxone reduced the number of apomorphine-induced yawns, and the occurrence of very short inter-yawn intervals. It is suggested that the timing of yawns may provide useful information regarding some pathologies and that opiates may potentiate the action of dopaminergic systems. PMID- 6531447 TI - The role of afferents from the parafascicular-centromedian complex in the excitatory striatal neuronal response to dexamphetamine in freely moving animals. AB - The striatal neuronal response to dexamphetamine, 2.5 mg/kg, was studied in normal freely moving animals and in freely moving animals with unilateral lesions of the parafascicular-centromedian complex. Whereas dexamphetamine produced predominantly excitation of striatal neurons in control animals, the predominant response in lesioned animals was inhibition. In lesioned animals dexamphetamine induced behavioral activation was unchanged. It is concluded that the PF-CM complex plays an important role in the striatal neuronal response to dexamphetamine in freely moving animals and may be one of the neural substrates conveying sensory feedback from drug-induced behavior to the striatum. PMID- 6531448 TI - Lithium in pigmented eye rats: effects of dose and time of day on drinking, body weight, retinal and blood distribution. AB - Lithium has been implicated in chronobiology (Seggie, et al., 1982, 1983). Previous work was done in Wistar rats, an Albino species, which lack the enzyme for synthesis of eye pigment. This pigment is important in regulation of light cued rhythms. The present project extends observations to Long Evans rats, a strain which has a pigmented eye. Groups of adult male rats were fed one of three diets: (1) normal laboratory chow; (2) a low lithium diet: lab chow supplemented with 30 mM/kg lithium chloride; and (3) a high lithium diet: lab chow supplemented with 50 mM/kg lithium chloride. Adult male rats were house individually with free access to diet and water under a 12 hour light/12 hour dark schedule. After six weeks on the diets, body weight, water intake, plasma, red blood cell and retinal lithium and retinal weight were measured every 4 hours throughout the 24 hour cycle following sacrifice by rapid decapitation. Plasma lithium levels on the high diet were 0.57 +/- 0.02 mEq/l and did not evidence a diurnal rhythm. Plasma lithium levels on the low diet were 0.35 +/- 0.01 mEq/l and evidenced a small, but significant diurnal rhythm with levels lowest just before darkness and normal food intake. Red blood cell lithium levels were significantly higher than plasma levels at 0.83 +/- 0.02 and 0.52 +/- 0.02 mEq/l for the high and low diets. Low diet, but not high diet red blood cells lithium levels evidenced a significant rhythm with a pattern similar to that seen in plasma lithium levels.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6531450 TI - [Vocation of a teacher of medicine]. PMID- 6531449 TI - Nicotinic receptors in mammalian brain. AB - Nicotine has marked effects on CNS function increasing brain excitability and spontaneous activity and also has antinociceptive actions. Agonist radioligands for the nicotinic cholinergic receptor bind with high affinity in a saturable manner. Binding is however, insensitive to the ganglionic blockers, hexamethonium and mecamylamine. This suggests that agonists and antagonists bind to different sites on the receptor or that the nicotinic receptor in brain is different from that found in peripheral tissues. The nicotinic antagonist, dihydro-beta erythroidine binds with high affinity (Kd = 4 nM) to rat brain membranes in a stereospecific, saturable, manner with a regional distribution similar to that seen with radiolabeled acetylcholine. Binding is insensitive to hexamethonium and mecamylamine. It is concluded that the nicotinic recognition sites to which dihydro-beta-erythroidine binds are neuromuscular rather than ganglionic in nature. PMID- 6531451 TI - [Value of the sanatorium treatment of neurological complications of arteriosclerosis]. PMID- 6531452 TI - [Evaluation of balneological rehabilitation of patients after total alloplasty of the hip joint]. PMID- 6531453 TI - [Risk factors in developing ischemic heart disease on a 6-year observation of a male population. I. Characteristics of the population]. PMID- 6531454 TI - Plasma prolactin concentrations in true and hysterical seizures. PMID- 6531455 TI - [Malpractice and legal responsibility]. PMID- 6531456 TI - [The immune system in patients with uremia]. PMID- 6531457 TI - [Effect of an ethanol extract of propolis on the formation of experimental peritoneal adhesions]. PMID- 6531458 TI - [Variability of the radiologic characteristics of osteoid osteoma]. AB - The authors have studied the anatomical-radiographic correlations in 55 patients with osteoid osteoma. On the basis of the results gathered we feel able to state that the variability of radiologic features of osteoid osteoma (nidus surrounded by a zone of sclerosis) depends on the site of the lesion and on the advanced stage of the neoplastic tissue. PMID- 6531459 TI - [Tietze's syndrome. Xerographic contribution]. AB - Xeroradiography of the anterior thoracic wall was performed on 7 patients with Tietze's syndrome. This technique gave a good representation of the rib cartilages which are enlarged in this disease. The complete imaging of all the structures of the thoracic wall allowed also to exclude other possible causes of soft tissue swelling, tumoral growths as first. Xeroradiography is held to be a first-choice examination in Tietze's syndrome. PMID- 6531460 TI - [Comparison between traditional skeletal radiography and total body bone scintigraphy in the diagnosis of multiple myeloma]. AB - 28 patients with multiple myeloma were examined by skeletal x-ray and 99Tcm diphosphonate bone scan. Using both techniques, a total of 70 myelomatous bone lesions was found in 13 (46,5%) of the 28 patients: 69 bone lesions were detected by radiography and 33 by radionuclide imaging. Results indicate that x-ray is superior to bone scan, approximately twice, in detecting myeloma-related bone lesions. The low sensitivity of bone scan in myeloma can most likely be explained by the particular nature of myelomatous bone lesions. Multiple myeloma is almost always osteolytic, with very little new bone formation and extensive osteoclast activity related to osteoclast activating factor, whereas skeletal uptake of 99Tcm-diphosphonate seems to be related mainly to osteoblastic process. An exception to this general finding is the rib fractures, in which the two methods are equally reliable. These findings suggest that radiography is the method of first choice in obtaining a skeletal survey in patients with multiple myeloma. PMID- 6531461 TI - [Radiodiagnosis of radiation-treated lung cancer]. AB - Consultation of an exhaustive iconographic casuistry concerning more of one thousand of primitive lung cancer, irradiated by high energies in the National Cancer Institute of Milan, has given in the opportunity of observing some changes induced by radiotherapy both on neoplastic focus and on health tissue near it. In the first instance we observed marked regressions both progressive and complete. In the second instance we saw structural characteristic reactions that can be classified in the, so called, "radiation pneumonia". In the first stage, these are characterized by hyperemia and exudate, liable to complete regression. In the following stages, we observed fibrous evolution which, in a second time, went in to a fixed stage of sclerosis. This produces, in most cases, a "print" of the irradiation fields. Here we present some representative iconographic examples. PMID- 6531462 TI - [Computerized tomography in the study of malignant tumors of the larynx]. AB - A systematic investigation was carried out on 93 patients suffering from laryngeal tumours who underwent computed tomography and xeroradiography. A comparison is made between CT, xerographic, clinical and endoscopic findings. The value is stressed of functional informations obtained from CT performed during quiet breathing and phonation. The outstanding value of CT is the accuracy in definition of tumor extension and involvement of the laryngeal and paralaryngeal tissues. CT can be useful in diagnosis of regional lymph nodes metastases. The correct evaluation of the tumour is greatly helpful in surgical treatment and radiotherapy planning. PMID- 6531463 TI - [Tomodensitometric evaluation of retroperitoneal damage caused by translumbar aortography]. AB - 23 patients were scanned over the abdomen following translumbar aortography. Retroperitoneal bleeding was smaller than expected and never serious for the patients. The use of computed tomography is considered helpful in the follow-up of patients after translumbar aortography; however it must be restricted only to patients with a previous difficult or traumatic procedure. PMID- 6531464 TI - [Epigastric pain in patients with biliary drainage. A symptom not to be overlooked]. AB - Patients with longstanding percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage often complain of epigastralgia. This symptom has occurred in 33% of the patients in our series. In all the patients complaining of these symptoms who underwent radiological or endoscopic examinations of Upper GI, there was evidence of gastric or duodenal ulcerative lesions which subsequently were cured by medical treatment. Administering anti-acids to those 13 patients who complained of epigastralgia, reduced the symptoms uniformly. The symptom has not been reported elsewhere in literature and is often not given enough importance by the medical practitioner who attributes the symptoms to the presence of the catheter and/or underlying disease. This symptom is more often a sign of a gastric of duodenal peptic lesion that needs to be actively investigated. PMID- 6531465 TI - [Arteriovenous aneurysm. Presentation of a case]. PMID- 6531466 TI - [Computerized tomography in obstruction of the upper urinary system in renal duplication in an adult]. PMID- 6531467 TI - [Therapeutic renal embolization in a case of nephrotic syndrome with severe proteinuria (medical nephrectomy)]. PMID- 6531468 TI - [Direct radiographic magnification]. PMID- 6531469 TI - [Face presentation in fetuses at term]. PMID- 6531470 TI - [Uterine prolapse in a primigesta]. PMID- 6531471 TI - [Analysis of maternal mortality in Chile in 1981 and its associated factors according to death certificates]. PMID- 6531473 TI - [Ovarian abscess of typhic origin. Report of 2 clinical cases]. PMID- 6531472 TI - [Gonococcal infection in pregnancy]. PMID- 6531474 TI - [Trauma of the fetal vessels during amniocentesis]. PMID- 6531475 TI - [Release of antibacterial leukocyte proteins and variations in serum iron levels in bacterial pneumonias]. PMID- 6531476 TI - [Ultrastructural study of the myocardium of rats treated with ARL-115 BS and subjected to swimming exertion]. PMID- 6531477 TI - [Hepatic cirrhosis. Clinico-epidemiological study of 164 cases]. PMID- 6531478 TI - [Variations in the platelet count of alcoholic patients after ingestion of this toxic agent and after abstention]. PMID- 6531479 TI - [Non-tuberculous mycobacteria in Barcelona. I. Comparative sensitization between tuberculin RT-23 and sensitins from Mycobacterium avium and scrofulaceum]. PMID- 6531481 TI - [Multiple sclerosis in Cantabria. Retrospective study of 30 cases]. PMID- 6531480 TI - [Clinical features of headache in brain tumors. Analysis of 152 cases]. PMID- 6531482 TI - [Intrathoracic metastases of melanoma]. PMID- 6531483 TI - [Pregnancy resulting in a live birth during chronic hemodialysis]. PMID- 6531484 TI - [Cavity splenic abscess. Diagnostic, clinical and therapeutic update]. PMID- 6531485 TI - [Vertebral osteomyelitis caused by anaerobes. A new case]. PMID- 6531486 TI - [Psittacosis. Study of 2 cases occurring in a family]. PMID- 6531487 TI - [Association of medullary and papillary carcinoma of the thyroid]. PMID- 6531488 TI - [Serotypes of Salmonella isolated from animals in Senegal]. PMID- 6531489 TI - [Epidemiology of bovine brucellosis in tropical Africa. I.--Serological survey in the People's Republic of Benin]. PMID- 6531490 TI - [Brucellosis in Burundi]. PMID- 6531491 TI - Isolation of Edwardsiella tarda and Plesiomonas shigelloides from mammals and birds in Zaire. PMID- 6531492 TI - [Botulism type D in Senegal. A new outbreak of water origin responsible for a high mortality]. PMID- 6531493 TI - A microneutralization test for the detection of rinderpest virus antibodies. PMID- 6531494 TI - The anthelmintic efficacy of d.l. tetramisole against Haemonchus contortus infection in goats. PMID- 6531495 TI - [The grandeur and servitude of the epidemiology of microbial diseases in France]. PMID- 6531496 TI - [Contribution of pneumococcal serotyping and antibiotyping to the prevention and treatment of pneumococcal infections (1980-1982). Pneumococcal typing and vaccination (1980-1982)]. AB - During a 3-year period (1980-1982), 594 pneumococcal strains taken from 565 patients were serotyped. The distribution of the serotypes and their prevalence varied by sample and year. The theoretic vaccinal coverage, evaluated for the four main pathologies: pneumonia, otitis, meningitis, bacteriemia, is 79,1%. Among vaccinal serotypes, the types 19, 7, 3, 6, 1, and 23 are the most frequent, representing a cumulative incidence of 57,7%. In our region (Grenoble), the pneumococcus remains very sensitive to antibiotics. No strain resistant to penicillin G was observed. Erythromycin, doxycyclin, chloramphenicol, and cotrimoxazole preserve their potency with, respectively, 2,1%, 1,8%, 1,1%, and 1,9% resistant strains. PMID- 6531497 TI - [Human salmonellosis in Ille-et-Vilaine in 1983]. AB - 224 salmonella strains from human beings, collected by the public and private laboratories of Ille-et-Vilaine during 1983, were serotyped and tested for their susceptibility to antibiotics. Salmonella typhimurium infections were the most frequent, while the other serotypes constituted a small number of strains, generally susceptible to antibiotics. No outbreak due to a multi-resistant serotype was observed. S. typhi and S. paratyphi B represent 6,25% of the strains isolated in this area during the year. Only 22% of the 224 strains collected were resistant to one or more antibiotics. PMID- 6531498 TI - In Belgium, viral hepatitis A is predominantly childhood disease. AB - Data from medical histories and seroepidemiological surveys of blood donors offer good grounds for regarding viral hepatitis A in Belgium primarily as a childhood disease. The epidemiology of anti-HA has thoroughly altered over the last few decades, which correlates with radical socioeconomic changes and improved hygienic living conditions. The rate of HLA-antigens shows in general no different patterns in groups with or without a recognized history of HAV infections. PMID- 6531499 TI - [Multifactorial index of the risk of complications related to anesthesia]. AB - Anaesthetic risk has been studied until now only in terms of mortality rates, and by single factor analysis. A multifactorial index of anaesthetic risk, taking into account all major complications related to anaesthesia that occur during--or within 24 hours of--surgery is proposed. Data were collected in a prospective survey among a representative sample of anaesthesias. The logistic model included a sample of 232 complications and a control group of 1 642 anaesthesias with no complications. Eight factors related to the patient's condition, and to the kind of surgery performed, were considered. Only six were found to have prognostic value, and--among them--the "previous complications" factor stood out. There was a good concordance between predicted and observed risk. The index may be used for a preoperative estimate of anaesthetic risk. PMID- 6531500 TI - Explaining participation in programmes for the early detection of breast cancer: a comparative analysis. AB - A trial to evaluate different methods for the early detection of breast cancer is being carried out in the United Kingdom. Its success depends, in part, upon achieving a high rate of participation. The study presented here examines and compares the health beliefs, health behaviour and socio-demographic characteristics of attenders and non-attenders at (i) a breast screening clinic, and (ii) a class teaching breast self-examination (BSE). The results show that attenders at one or other of the two services had much in common. However, attenders at the class appeared to be motivated by stronger feelings of vulnerability to breast cancer than attenders at breast screening. Also, differences in social class and educational background were found to be associated with attendance/non-attendance at the BSE class, but not associated with attendance at the breast screening clinic. PMID- 6531501 TI - Smoking behaviour in the Netherlands and the United Kingdom: 1958-1982. AB - Changes of smoking behaviour in the Netherlands and the United Kingdom during the period 1958-1982 were analyzed by means of survey data and production figures. In both countries the percentage of smokers decreased among males and the percentage of ex-smokers increased among males and females. The decrease in the percentage of smokers among females was a recent phenomenon. Tobacco production increased in the Netherlands and decreased in the United Kingdom. An explanation for the Dutch increase was an increasing consumption of cigarettes among female smokers. The changes in smoking behaviour were probably influenced by the extent of anti smoking information and the "emancipatory effect". If the present trends continue, the number of smokers will decrease considerably. PMID- 6531502 TI - [Epidemiologic study of the health effects of atmospheric waste from an industrial and household refuse incineration plant]. AB - This article describes a 1981 study of the health effects of air pollution caused by incineration of industrial and household wastes. The study lasted 2 months and took place in a village of France's Isere department. A retrospective comparison was made of the consumption of medicines for respiratory problems over a 2-year period among 3 matched groups of residents. The groups represented 3 areas of the village situated, respectively, at 200 meters, 1 kilometer and 2 kilometers from the incinerator (the relative distance from the incinerator being used as an indicator of degree of exposure). The consumption of medicines was determined by analyzing Social Security forms filed by the residents after each purchase. The study revealed a strong heterogeneity in the consumption of medicines among the 3 groups: the variances in the number of medicines prescribed decrease significantly (p less than 1%, Bartlett test) as the distance of the residents' homes from the incinerator increases. The authors attribute this fact to the presence, in the group most directly exposed to the pollution, of subjects most affected by the respiratory effects of the polluted air. The mean levels of consumption of medicines (non parametric test) did not reveal any significant differences, though they ranged from 1 to 2.4. With these results in hand, the public health authorities fixed new norms for the operation of the incinerator. PMID- 6531503 TI - [Longitudinal study of the evolution of the frequency of dental caries in a school milieu: a statistical model]. AB - Following a 3-year epidemiological study of the appearance of dental caries in a population of children aged 6 to 9 years (and examined every 12 months), a model of the evolution of the frequency of caries based on a Poisson "with zeros" distribution is proposed. The multivariate distribution of the above phenomena appears as a mixture of multiple negative binomial distribution (MNB) of the following form: sigma mjMNB(a;k0jb,k1jb,k2jb) with sigma mj = 1. The experimental data from the sample of 501 children validate the model in its successive stages. Simulations using the bootstrap method show that the estimates of the model parameters remain stable in the neighbourhood of the distribution observed; at the same time they permit establishing the margins of confidence. Finally, it is shown why the total number of dental faces affected during the experimental period remained strongly asymmetrical. PMID- 6531504 TI - [Measuring agreement between 2 observers: a quantitative case]. AB - The degree of concordance between observers in the quantitative case is represented by the interclass correlation. The practical interest of computing concordance indexes, particularly in the planning phase of multicentric studies is discussed. PMID- 6531505 TI - [Asthma and respiratory antecedents in children]. PMID- 6531506 TI - Cellular compartmentation of Ehrlich ascites tumor cells. AB - The digitonin method for the study of cellular compartmentation in mitochondrial and cytosolic fractions was applied to Ehrlich ascites tumor cells. The volume of mitochondrial and cytosolic water spaces are calculated to be 1.62 microliter/30 x 10(6) cells respectively, by the technique of 3H2O permeable and (14C)-sucrose impermeable spaces. The validity of the methods was tested by the distribution of cytosolic (lactate dehydrogenase) and mitochondrial (citrate synthase and glutamate dehydrogenase) marker enzymes. As occurs in normal hepatic cells, an asymmetric distribution of ATP and ADP was observed. The ATP/ADP ratio in the cytosolic fraction was 7 times higher than in the mitochondrial fraction. PMID- 6531507 TI - [Transmural flow of D-galactose in the jejunum of young rats using a new perfusion chamber]. AB - The chamber used allows the simultaneous but separated incubation of two intestinal segments (approximately 4 cm in length) in vitro and is especially suited for its application to studies on young animals. Segments are perfused with the help of a peristaltic pump (6 ml/h) without recycling. D-galactose fluxes across rat jejunum have been studied in everted jejunal segments from 19 21 day-old rats. Transmural fluxes (JmsGal) were determined using four external mucosal galactose concentrations (0.2, 2, 10 and 20 mM). The ratios of passive JmsGal were 1 : 11 : 49.7 : 96.7. Those due to active transport of the substrate were 1 : 7.1 : 14.6 : 18.8, indicating saturation. The active component of total JmsGal fluxes was 80%, 72%, 54% and 44%, respectively. Comparison of transmural galactose fluxes in noneverted segments from 20 day-old (suckling) and 25 day-old rats, showed that there is a marked reduction in both passive and active components of substrate flux across the intestine at the time of weaning. PMID- 6531508 TI - Squalene, lanosterol and cholesterol synthesis from acetate in neonatal chick tissues. AB - Acetate incorporation into squalene, lanosterol and cholesterol by liver and kidney slices and intestinal mucosa scrapes from neonatal chick was studied. Contrary to what is observed when using mevalonate as substrate, cholesterol was the main nonsaponifiable synthesized from acetate in all the conditions assayed. Low percentages of squalene and lanosterol were synthesized by liver and kidney slices, while in intestinal mucosa squalene was practically undetectable. The highest percentage of radioactivity in cholesterol was found in liver, followed by intestinal mucosa and kidney. Relative percentages of squalene, lanosterol and cholesterol were practically similar in each tissue at any incubation time and acetate concentration considered. Only in kidney these percentages, especially in the case of squalene, seemed to decrease at higher acetate concentrations (8-12 mM). PMID- 6531509 TI - A simple procedure for direct corticosterone radioimmunoassay in the rat. AB - A simple procedure for the radioimmunoassay of corticosterone using tritiated corticosterone has been described for rat. The use of trypsin to hydrolyze serum proteins allowed to eliminate the extraction of the steroid from the serum. A highly significant correlation between direct and conventional (ether extraction) radioimmunoassays was found. Furthermore, the paired "t" test indicated no significant differences between the values obtained with the two methods. PMID- 6531510 TI - Treatment of acute cobalt intoxication in rats with L-methionine. AB - The antidotal action of L-methionine in acute cobalt (II) chloride intoxication given orally or intraperitoneally to rats has been investigated in this paper. The doses of CoCl2 (2.73 mmole/kg oral, 0.21 mmole/kg i.p.) are always above their LD50 for both means of administration, reaching during oral administration values above its LD95 (4.20 mmole/kg). The doses of L-methionine varied from 0.63 mmole/kg (i.p.) to 8.19 mmole/kg (orally). L-methionine did not show a significant antidotal action (mortality rates) against the other sulphurous aminoacid: L-cysteine, which is considered an effective antidote. The administration of Co2+-methionine chelates prepared in vitro, showed rates of 10% mortality when given orally and 30% when given intraperitoneally, against Co2+ cysteine and co2+-N-acetylcysteine chelates with rates of 0% mortality. No significant functional changes were observed in the survivors killed seven days after administration in groups receiving L-methionine. Although L-methionine cannot be considered an effective antidote, it is likely to reduce partially the toxic effects of cobalt. PMID- 6531511 TI - Bioelectric parameters and sodium and chloride fluxes across the intestine of Blennius parvicornis. AB - Simultaneous measurements of the electric potential difference and the short circuit current intensity were taken, as well as measurements of unidirectional fluxes of sodium and chloride in the posterior intestine of Blennius parvicornis fish. On incubating the tissue in standard Ringer solution, a potential difference of--0.9 mV, a mean net flux of sodium of 2.49 mu Eq/h x cm2 were obtained. In the absence of sodium (choline as substitute), the net chloride flux and the Isc were completely blocked. In the absence of chloride (isocyanate as substitute) the net sodium flux and the Isc were equally blocked. Ouabain lessened the sodium and chloride fluxes in the mucosa-serosa direction to the point of nulling the net fluxes of both ions. The values of the bioelectric parameters were also blocked in the presence of this inhibitor. Acetazolamide did not significantly affect the values of either the unidirectional fluxes or the net fluxes of sodium and chloride. Nor did it affect the values of the bioelectric parameters. A mechanism for the absorption of sodium and chloride is proposed in which these ions enter the cell in a coupled form and in 1:1 proportion, the transport being independent of the bicarbonate ion. PMID- 6531512 TI - [Homovanillic acid levels in corpus striatum, limbic system and diencephalon of male and female rats]. AB - The HVA levels in corpus striatum, limbic system and diencephalon in male and female rats during the postnatal period have been measured. The HVA levels in corpus striatum and diencephalon differed significantly when both sexes wee compared, whereas in limbic system significant differences were not found. A decrease in the levels of HVA in all areas studied was observed. PMID- 6531513 TI - [Primary pulmonary arterial hypertension. Effects of vasodilators apropos of a case with a pulmonary biopsy]. AB - A patient with primary pulmonary artery hypertension diagnosed by pulmonary arterial catheterisation, angiography and lung biopsy was the subject of several therapeutic trials of vasodilators. The short term and long term results over the next four years were on the whole disappointing. The type of study protocole used is discussed, as are the risks and cost. PMID- 6531514 TI - [Diffuse pulmonary carcinomatous lymphangitis. Study of respiratory function in 18 cases]. AB - Respiratory function studies were carried out in 18 patients with diffuse and isolated pulmonary lymphangitis (LCP) diagnosed on radiological and cyto histological grounds. Restrictive ventilatory defects were found in 17 out 18 cases CPT: 75,3% (DS = 5), CV: 56.7% (DS = 14,5). The Tiffeneau coefficient was less than 65% in 50% of cases but the DEM/CV was reduced in 77% of cases, evidence of the great frequency of airflow obstruction. The measure of the (formula; see text) was normal in 5 out of 17 cases, implying the absence of an alveolar neoplastic lesion or obliteration by arteritis or capillaritis in LCP. The alveolar-arterial oxygen gradient on hyperoxia was normal (less than 27 kPa) 14 times out of 18 and slightly increased in 4. Important hypoxaemia at rest was present 17 times out of 18; PaO2: 8 kPa (DS = 1). There was no patient with alveolar hyperventilation: PaCO2: 4.3 kPa (DS = 0.5). On exercise, hypoxaemia remained stable 4 times, improved 5 times and worsened 9 times. A pathophysiological interpretation was given for each disturbance of respiratory function. In conclusion, a characteristic respiratory function profile of LCP is proposed, with a restrictive ventilatory disturbance or moderate mixed picture, a DLCO/VA ratio generally normal, almost constant hypoxaemia at rest and improvement or worsening on exercise. CPT = Mean total lung capacity. CV = Mean vital capacity. DS = Standard deviation. PMID- 6531515 TI - [Validity of mortality data in respiratory diseases in France and 7 other countries of the E.E.C]. AB - A recent study of mortality due to respiratory disease, carried out in the eight member countries of the European Economic Community (E.E.C.) has shown different levels of mortality between the countries. To establish whether these variations in mortality were real or due to methods of filing and coding, a study of death certification was carried out in each country based on 10 common clinical diagnostic categories to assess overall accuracy. In France, 75 doctors picked a random, were asked to fill in a form for each observation as though it were a real death. The cause of death was coded by the usual national centre and re coded by a reference centre in London. The protocol was similar for each country taking part. Important differences were found between and within each country. Some arise from the way in which doctors write out the death certificates (an excess of deaths from "other disease of the respiratory tract" in France and from cardio-vascular diseases in Italy), in others the way of coding was due to (an "excess of deaths by other disease of the respiratory tract" in Belgium). The degree of concordance depends on the complexity of the case (possible interaction of several pathologies), particular national characteristics, and whether account of these is made by the medical profession. These divergences can in part explain the different mortality statistics from respiratory disease between countries of the E.E.C. Later on it will be necessary to make the wording and the coding of the death certificate more standardised within the E.E.C. PMID- 6531516 TI - Syphilitic retinitis. A cause of necrotizing retinitis. AB - A healthy-appearing male patient presented with signs of unilateral fibrinous iritis, necrotizing retinitis, retinal vasculitis, and vitritis, suggestive of a herpesvirus retinitis or acute retinal necrosis syndrome (ARN). The patient, an active homosexual, withheld the details of his sexual history, portraying himself as exclusively heterosexual. With the exception of a positive VDRL and FTA-ABS, the workup was negative. Examination of the cerebrospinal fluid confirmed the presence of neurosyphilis. The patient was successfully treated with intravenous penicillin, which resulted in a complete visual recovery. Syphilitic retinitis must be considered in evaluating patients with necrotizing retinitis. PMID- 6531517 TI - Atypical syphilitic chorioretinitis and vasculitis. AB - Although syphilis is frequently overlooked as a cause of ocular disease, it remains an endemic disease and its incidence is increasing. This article reports on four recent cases of ocular syphilis, including pseudoretinitis pigmentosa, chorioretinitis, and a rare presentation of an isolated retinal vasculitis involving both the arteries and the veins. Fundus photography, fluorescein angiography, and electrophysiologic testing are included. These cases show the diverse manifestations of ocular syphilis, which may involve any structure in the eye, and they demonstrate that atypical presentations are often encountered. PMID- 6531518 TI - Fluorescein angiography of choroidal malignant melanomas with retinal invasion. AB - The authors reviewed the fluorescein angiograms of 99 choroidal malignant melanomas to determine the frequency of several angiographic abnormalities and the effectiveness of fluorescein angiography in identifying retinal invasion by the tumor. They identified a "double circulation" pattern in 60 of the 99 cases, broadened intercapillary spaces in 54, large zones of retinal capillary obliteration or obscuration in 35, blockage or obscuration of the larger caliber blood vessels overlying the tumor in 25, and tumororetinal vascular anastomoses in 15. Twelve of the 13 eyes in which they identified fluorescein angiographic abnormalities that they interpreted as evidence of definite or probable retinal invasion and that came to enucleation shortly after the angiography were confirmed to have retinal invasion histopathologically. Awareness of the fluorescein angiographic features indicative of retinal invasion may increase the frequency with which this manifestation of choroidal malignant melanomas is recognized. PMID- 6531519 TI - Spontaneous regression of parafoveal exudates and serous retinal detachment in a patient with tuberous sclerosis and retinal astrocytomas. AB - The authors describe an unusual case of a serous detachment of the fovea and decreased vision with parafoveal exudates from a retinal astrocytoma with subsequent spontaneous resolution and return of central vision in a patient with tuberous sclerosis. PMID- 6531520 TI - Postoperative retinal breaks occurring after intravitreal silicone oil injection. AB - The authors report the occurrence of new retinal breaks in the immediate postoperative period following pars plana vitrectomy and intravitreal infusion of silicone oil for advanced proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR). This postoperative complication is important to recognize in light of the renewed interest in the use of silicone oil for the treatment of PVR. PMID- 6531521 TI - Nummular thioridazine retinopathy. AB - While thioridazine retinopathy has been well described, the features of nummular thioridazine retinopathy, a unique clinical subset, have been documented in only five previously published cases. This report describes the clinical features in an additional three cases. Nummular areas of retinal pigment epithelial atrophy separated by relatively intact pigment epithelium are found in the midretinal periphery, with sparing of central vision. This entity can occur with doses of thioridazine previously considered safe. PMID- 6531522 TI - Preservation of retinal function in the RCS rat by laser treatment. AB - The Royal College of Surgeons (RCS) rats have been used as a model for human retinitis pigmentosa. Studies on these animals have shown that the degeneration of the retina is associated with a buildup of debris produced by shed rod outer segment discs. It has been reported that localized laser lesions can increase phagocytosis in these rats. This study examined the effect of laser burns on the function of the retina of the RCS rats. One eye of 19-day-old RCS rats was treated with laser and the other eye used as control. The retinal function was measured by electroretinography at 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, and 40 days after lesioning. The morphology of the retina was examined at 24 and 43 days after laser treatment. The results show that the retinal function in the treated eye was improved at all intervals and that this improvement was significant at 15, 20, and 25 days. Morphologic examination showed a significant reduction in debris accumulation in the area of the laser spot. However, at sites distal to the laser burns, no morphologic difference between the treated and untreated eyes was noted. It is concluded that the progress of retinal dysfunction in the RCS rats can be retarded by laser treatment. PMID- 6531523 TI - Perfluoroether liquid as a long-term vitreous substitute. An experimental study. AB - A commercial perfluoroether liquid, Fomblin-H Fluorinated Fluid, which is transparent and viscous, was investigated as a possible long-term vitreous substitute. The material belongs to a family of perfluorocarbon derivatives that are generally inert and nontoxic. A space for the vitreous substitute was created in rabbit eyes by a vitreous compression technique using perfluoropropane gas. Fomblin caused gliosis of the retina at 1 month after intravitreous injection. Preretinal membrane formation and retinal disorganization and detachment occurred in two of four eyes enucleated at 3 months, and in all five eyes enucleated at 4 or 6 months. Vacuoles presumably filled with Fomblin were localized histopathologically within the retina. In control eyes injected with medical grade silicone oil, abnormalities were limited to moderate edema of the nerve fiber and ganglion cell layer. Fomblin was not as well-tolerated by the rabbit retina as was medical-grade silicone oil. Fomblin is not a suitable vitreous substitute. PMID- 6531524 TI - Choroidal rupture. A histopathologic study of 47 cases. AB - In 47 surgical or autopsy specimens studied, 39 indirect and 10 direct choroidal ruptures were found. The eyes were obtained from a period of several hours to 25 years after trauma. Healing of choroidal ruptures involves fibrovascular proliferation from the choroid that evolves to a dense fibrous scar with variable degrees of hyperplasia of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). This process is usually complete by 3 weeks. PMID- 6531525 TI - Idiopathic retinal dialysis. PMID- 6531526 TI - [Repair of the bony canal in surgery for cholesteatoma]. PMID- 6531527 TI - [Surgical treatment of cholesteatoma in children]. PMID- 6531528 TI - [Footplate decompression: results, mechanism of action]. PMID- 6531529 TI - [Surgical treatment of hot nodules of the thyroid]. PMID- 6531530 TI - [Fistulae of the 4th branchial cleft]. PMID- 6531531 TI - [Proposals for an anatomical nomenclature of the deep regions of the face. The lateropharyngeal space. Anatomical data]. PMID- 6531532 TI - [Joining antibodies to liposomes using Staphylococcus aureus protein A]. PMID- 6531533 TI - [Isolation and selection of microorganisms which hydrolyse plasticizers]. PMID- 6531534 TI - [Seasonal variation of bacterial populations in the Huapango Dam, Mexico State]. PMID- 6531535 TI - [Isolation of Actinomyces species and other microorganisms from 140 hypertrophic tonsils in children]. PMID- 6531536 TI - On the presence of arabinose in mycobacterial and related species. PMID- 6531538 TI - [Blood and atmospheric lead in the Canton of Geneva]. PMID- 6531537 TI - [Determination of the enterotoxigenicity of Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from cheese]. PMID- 6531539 TI - [Mechanism, diagnosis and treatment of hypothermia]. PMID- 6531540 TI - [Various aspects of man-animal relations in current medical practice]. PMID- 6531542 TI - [To penetrate, to look at and to see. Observations of a psychiatrist on endoscopy]. PMID- 6531541 TI - [Comments by the psychoanalyst on the activities of general practitioners]. PMID- 6531543 TI - [Likely developments in control measures against chronic pulmonary diseases]. PMID- 6531544 TI - [Drug interactions]. PMID- 6531545 TI - [Consultation for adolescents at the University Medical Polyclinic: evaluation after 1 year's functioning]. PMID- 6531546 TI - [Calcium antagonists in cardiologic therapy]. PMID- 6531547 TI - [Cirrhosis caused by thorotrast: apropos of a case]. AB - We present the clinical case of a female patient with cirrhosis of the liver. The radiografic and histopathological studies demonstrated that de etiology of this cirrhosis was in relation with the use of thorotrast given during angiografic studies which the patient underwent 35 years ago. PMID- 6531548 TI - [Ischemic muscular pain. II. Its evaluation by the McGill Pain Questionnaire in the repeated performance of an experimental test]. AB - Muscular ischaemic pain experienced by 11 healthy subjects during the performance of an experimental test repeated on three succesive occasions was evaluated by the scoring and analysis of the McGill Pain Questionnaire, completed by the individual after each test. A statistically significant reduction in three scores: Number of Words Chosen, Pain Rating Index Total and Pain Rating Index Sensory was observed between the first and third tests. Indices related to the Affective and Evaluative aspects of pain did not exhibit significant variations. Possible interpretations for these findings, especially those related to the nature of the experimental test and the previously reported increase in Pain Tolerance from the first to the third test in this group are discussed. These results stress the need of using adequate control groups when analgesic measures are evaluated by experimental methods. PMID- 6531549 TI - [Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser-Mayer syndrome. Psychological aspects in current technics in the creation of a neovagina apropos of 2 cases]. AB - A review is made of the actual status of the Rokitansky-Hauser-Kuster-Mayer Syndrome in the following aspects: clinic, diagnostic and actual techniques in the construction of a neovagina. An special remark is made on the importance of the psychologyc and psychosocial aspects in the management, diagnostic and treatment of this patients. Two cases are presented. PMID- 6531550 TI - [Clinical characteristics of patients with coronary spasm demonstrated angiographically]. AB - We studied a group of 112 patients with angiographically documented coronary artery spasm (CAS). In 102 of them (91%) was methylergonovine-induced. Mean age was 51,25 +/- 8,5, ranging from 28 to 76 years. Only 6 were females. We analized the prevalence of coronary risk factors; among them, heavy smoking was prominent. Clinical manifestations were: angina at rest 62%, effort angina 9%, mixed angina 24%, acute myocardial infarction 2%, asymptomatic with previous infarction 3%. Basal ECG was not a useful diagnostic tool, because in more than 50% of patients it was normal. Conversely, ECG during chest pain episodes was very useful, because only in 9% of patients it showed no changes. The most frequent alteration was ST segment elevation, observed in 53% of cases. Arrythmias during angina episodes were documented in 25% of cases. Stress test was negative in 50% of patients. Moreover, ST-segment depression was observed in 34% of patients. PMID- 6531552 TI - [Lormetazepam]. PMID- 6531551 TI - [Piperacillin]. PMID- 6531553 TI - [Biological senescence and human senescence]. PMID- 6531554 TI - [Trigeminal neuralgia symptomatic of a small meningioma of the lateral wall of the cavernous sinus]. PMID- 6531556 TI - [Isolated otorhinolaryngologic manifestations disclosing amyotrophic lateral sclerosis]. PMID- 6531555 TI - [Hematoma of the pineal region with favorable development]. PMID- 6531558 TI - [Hypothalamic sarcoidosis with chiasmatic involvement]. PMID- 6531557 TI - [Encephalitis with opsoclonia and circumduction nystagmus. Apropos of a case]. PMID- 6531559 TI - [Sphenoidal mucocele. A diagnosis of painful ophthalmoplegia which must not be omitted]. PMID- 6531560 TI - [Lateral gaze paralysis with automatico-voluntary dissociation. A case]. PMID- 6531561 TI - [Stasis papilledema in Vaquez' disease. Apropos of 2 cases]. PMID- 6531562 TI - [Dissociated supranuclear paralysis of the upward gaze. Manifestation of frontocallosal tumor invading the internal capsule on both sides]. PMID- 6531563 TI - [Sphenoidal mucocele]. PMID- 6531564 TI - [Pharyngeal manifestation of cervical chordoma]. PMID- 6531565 TI - [Regressive oculomotor disorders in meningioma of the cavernous sinus]. PMID- 6531566 TI - [Isolated infarction of the pedunculoquadrigeminal artery and malformation of Willis' circle]. PMID- 6531567 TI - [Cerebral venous thrombosis with involvement of the cavernous sinus. Initial manifestation of Behcet's disease?]. PMID- 6531568 TI - [Radicular and truncal neurinoma of the spinal accessory nerve. 3 cases]. PMID- 6531569 TI - [Cortical blindness disclosing subacute sclerosing leukoencephalitis]. PMID- 6531570 TI - [Infantile form of neuroaxonal dystrophy]. PMID- 6531571 TI - [Myasthenia gravis and saccadic movements. Post-thymectomy results in a case]. PMID- 6531572 TI - [Use of the YAG laser in tracheobronchial pathology. Apropos of 154 cases]. AB - The laser has been used for several years in a number of medical disciplines and more recently in pneumology. The authors report their personal experience and define two principal types of indication for this technique: iatrogenic tracheal stenoses, in which the laser is able to effectively treat granulomas and to a lesser extent stenoses, and malignant tracheo-bronchial tumours, in which the laser is usually only a palliative form of treatment which improves the quality of the patient's survival. The other indications and their results are also briefly reviewed. PMID- 6531573 TI - [Indications for the aspirin provocation test in the asthmatic]. AB - Oral provocation tests using aspirin (n = 55), tartrazine (n = 37) and benzoate (n = 28) were performed in 55 asthmatic patients. A positive aspirin provocation test was observed in 15 patients (27%). These patients often had a past history of aspirin intolerance, 53% of them also had nasal polyposis and 5 out of 12 had associated tartrazine intolerance, while 2 out of 8 had associated benzoate intolerance. The authors consider that these features may help the clinician to detect the asthmatic patient at high risk of aspirin intolerance in whom a provocation test should be performed. PMID- 6531574 TI - [Detection of venous thrombosis of the legs by the iodine 125-labeled fibrinogen test in thoracic surgery. Apropos of 140 surgically-treated cases]. AB - The tracing of venous thromboses of the lower limbs by means of iodine 125 marked fibrinogen is possible in thoracic surgery thanks to the calibration of the apparatus on the femoral surface in cases of left thoracotomy or sternotomy. Twelve patients out of 128, i.c. 9.4%, had a positive test: 11 men and 1 woman of whom 11 had a minimum of 2 risk factors of venous thrombosis. These patients had 7 right and 5 left thoracotomies: 6 pneumonectomies (15.4% of pneumonectomies), 5 lobectomies (13% of lobectomies) and one enucleation; 11 positive tests occurred on patients operated on for cancer. There were 5 thrombo-embolic accidents: 2 fatal and 2 non fatal. Mortality was 4.28%: 6 patients of whom 3 died of infectious causes and 3 of pulmonary embolism: 2 after a pneumonectomy, respectively at 2 days and 2 months, and 1 after a lobectomy at 5 days. This examination was useful to known our percentage of isotopic thrombosis of the lower limb after thoracotomy: 9.4% which is small compared with those of the literature. However these results show the importance of instituting more prophylactic procedures to prevent venous thrombosis and thromboembolism by using heparin in all patients operated an for cancer with an exeresis and presenting 2 or more risk factors of venous thrombosis. PMID- 6531575 TI - [Endobronchial non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Apropos of a case]. AB - The authors report a case of splenic non-hodgkin's lymphoma which revealed by an endobronchial localisation, causing a respiratory disorder. The biopsy of this lesion led to the diagnosis. They recall the rarity of such cases and stress the fact that this bronchial lesion is always observed in cases of disseminated lymphomas with a poor prognosis. PMID- 6531576 TI - [Bronchial asthma associated with anguilluliasis]. AB - The authors present a case of a 46 year old man without any past history of allergy, who presented with severe asthma of recent onset associated with moderate eosinophilia, a raised total IgE level and a Larva currens type of dermatitis. Serology and stool culture revealed anguillulosis. The negative DLAC and the fact that the asthma disappeared after treatment of the parasitic infestation suggest that it was related to the anguillulosis. PMID- 6531577 TI - [Experimental lithiasis in rats: the role of hydrochlorothiazide and antibiotics in its prevention]. PMID- 6531578 TI - [Recurrent ectopic pregnancy]. PMID- 6531579 TI - [Experimental evolutive study of the pancreas in mice with schistosomiasis, good and bad immunologic responders]. PMID- 6531580 TI - [Immunologic markers of hepatitis B virus in alcoholics and normal subjects]. PMID- 6531581 TI - [Repair of the orbital floor with a parietal bone graft]. PMID- 6531582 TI - [Use of examinations with ionizing radiation and pregnancy]. PMID- 6531583 TI - [Evaluation of pelvic irradiation during x-ray computed tomography]. AB - Accidental irradiation of an early and unknown pregnancy during abdomino-pelvic computed tomography has not yet been reported, but this situation will certainly occur as the indications for this type of investigation are extended. Assessment of foetal risk depends essentially, as in ordinary radiology, upon the X-ray dose received by the foetus. Only a few studies have been devoted to determination of the "gonad dose" received during an abdomino-pelvic scan. In ten patients undergoing abdomino-pelvic scan with a mean of 22.1 +/- 4.7 exposures per patient, the authors used a small thermoluminescent dose-meter placed in the uterus or endocervix to measure the gonad dose received. The dose delivered to the uterus was 1.67 cGy +/- 1.14 per patient, i.e. approximately the same as for hysterography (1.27 cGy). Thus any abdomino-pelvic scan before twelve weeks should be viewed as an indication for therapeutic abortion, whilst after twelve weeks the amount of radiation received does not in itself represent an indication for abortion. PMID- 6531584 TI - [Action of dydrogesterone in postpubertal menstruation disorders]. AB - Seventy-four post-pubertal young women with menstrual disturbances of a functional nature were treated with 20 mg of dydrogesterone per day from the 16th to the 25th day of the cycle for three cycles. Overall efficacy was considered satisfactory, results being significantly more positive with regard to disturbances in the duration of the cycle rather than excessively heavy periods. The authors draw attention to the possibility of the restoration of luteal function in a patient treated with dydrogesterone and the validity of temperature curve and plasma progesterone levels in this context. PMID- 6531585 TI - [Tolerance to veralipride administered for an extended time]. AB - The author has studied the effects of the long-term administration (mean: 8 months) of veralipride in 12 menopausal women (7 naturally, 5 surgically). Veralipride was administered in a dose of one capsule daily, 20 days per month. Results were excellent in 4 cases, good in 6 cases and average in 2. In 9 cases out of 12, menopausal flushing totally disappeared. The study demonstrates good clinical tolerance to the drug and no repercussion on biological parameters other than a significant rise in prolactin levels. PMID- 6531586 TI - [Short-term obstetrical anesthesia. Study of the tiapride-ketamine combination]. AB - Minor surgical procedures do not always require hospitalisation for several days. The use of short-acting anaesthetic agents should make such procedures possible on an ambulatory basis. A study was undertaken of the combination of tiapride and ketamine in 97 women seen in the department of obstetrics for therapeutic abortion or biopsy-curettage. The drug combination was satisfactory in the great majority of cases. It is sufficiently analgesic for surgery of this type. The minimal level of narcosis ensures rapid recovery without any subsequent falling asleep again. The psychomotor agitation caused by ketamine is counteracted by the doses of tiapride used. Only vomiting may be felt to be too frequent. Nevertheless, this occurred in women who were fully awake and had no major consequences. PMID- 6531587 TI - [A new method of endometrial biopsy: Inocuret]. PMID- 6531588 TI - [Our experience of the detection of latent pericardial effusions in the 3d trimester of pregnancy]. AB - Following the paper published by Haiat, in which he reported the ultrasonographic detection of latent pericardial effusions in the third trimester of pregnancy, the authors conducted a study of 129 cases: 99 hospitalized patients (series I) and 30 patients seen in the consulting rooms (series II). Pericardial effusions were detected in 15% of cases in series I and in 20% of cases in series II, despite a more sophisticated apparatus. In general, these effusions were quite small. Hypertension of pregnancy was an aetiological factor observed in a significant number of cases. The presence of such effusions does not require aspiration, even when they are large, because of their perfect functional tolerance. PMID- 6531589 TI - [Study of a new fetal blood gas parameter: oxygen saturation]. AB - The oxygen saturation, together with the other parameters of the acid-base balance, was studied in the umbilical vessels of 60 neonates born by vaginal delivery. These assays were used to define the normal range, which is 28 to 38% in the umbilical artery and 62 to 74% in the umbilical vein. The umbilical arterio-venous gradient was always negative. Correlations with the pH and the serum lactate concentration demonstrate that oxygen saturation is a good parameter for the evaluation of foetal hypoxia, which has the advantage of being easily measurable. PMID- 6531590 TI - [Study of fertility after extrauterine pregnancy]. AB - Out of a total of 139 cases of extra-uterine pregnancy operated between 1979 and 1983, 78 patients were regularly followed. In 47 women wanting to become pregnant, 18 remained sterile, 8 had a further extra-uterine pregnancy and 21 obtained an intra-uterine pregnancy. The results are analysed in terms of the past history and the treatment of the first extra-uterine pregnancy. These results are compared with the data in the literature. PMID- 6531591 TI - [The effects of bromocriptine in normoprolactinemic anovulation and dysovulation: followed by pregnancy in 11 cases]. AB - The authors report the results of a study of 40 patients with normal serum prolactin levels who were treated with bromocriptine for sterility secondary to ovulatory disturbances. This therapy restored normal ovulatory cycling in 62.5% of cases with subsequent pregnancy in 27.5% of cases, in particular in patients with primary infertility of long duration. The course of "latent" hyperprolactinemia (peak of TRH, repeated dosages of PRL) was discovered in only one out of two patients who responded to treatment. In patients with "non-latent" normal serum prolactin levels, bromocriptine's mechanism of action is not always clear. PMID- 6531592 TI - [The extemporaneous examination: the decisive step in the surgical strategy in breast lesions]. AB - Research into breast diseases is developing in all directions. In particular, there has been great progress in the fields of cytology, radiology, isotope studies, thermography and ultrasonography. The diversity of these methods reflects the complexity of the diagnosis. No one method is infallible. We therefore consider that the frozen section examination should be an integral part of a breast surgery. It should be the decisive step in the operative strategy, as breast surgery is associated with important consequences: re-operation is always difficult and a radical operation is irreversible. Frozen section examination can reduce these risks. PMID- 6531593 TI - [Breast histophysiology and pathology. I]. PMID- 6531594 TI - [Trial of phlebo-lymphologic therapeutics in the treatment of mastodynia]. PMID- 6531595 TI - [Is it legitimate today to perform large rotations with forceps?]. AB - Many authors argue against the practice of large forceps rotations on the basis of a threefold increased neonatal risk compared to the use of forceps for anterior presentations. The experience of the Obstetric Clinic of Hopital Edouard Herriot in Lyon, of 81 major forceps rotations from a series of more than 10 000 births, is very similar to that of Chiswick in Manchester, based on 86 cases. In nearly one quarter of the neonates, there are discreet, transient neurological signs which disappear within one week and, did not leave any permanent sequelae. It would appear that large rotations should not be totally forbidden, but that their indications have to be carefully considered, especially in cases of foetal distress. An experienced obstetrician can perform these rotations: in experienced hands, they are often straightforward, but in cases of unexpected difficulty (1 case in 10 or 20) it should be immediately abandoned and a caesarian should be performed. PMID- 6531596 TI - [Eclampsia: analysis of a series of 18 clinical cases. Management in a severe crisis]. AB - On the basis of a series of 18 cases of severe eclampsia, the authors analyse the predisposing circumstances for these episodes and the method of delivery. Caesarian section is still the usual method of delivery in severe cases (12/18). There is a high perinatal mortality (4/18), which is principally due to foetal distress which is inevitable during the episodes, to hypotrophy which is present in 3 out of 4 cases and to prematurity. There were no maternal deaths in this particular series. In the second part of the article, the authors consider the management and treatment of the eclamptic episode itself: relieve the maternal and foetal anoxia, stabilize the blood pressure, correct the hypovolaemia and prevent the development of convulsions. PMID- 6531597 TI - [Limitations of adnexal preservation in hysterectomy for benign lesions]. AB - After recalling the possible risks of conservation of adnexae, the authors stress the advantages of such an approach. Taking into account the patient's age, ovarian disease, certain hormonal conditions and the risks of cancer, the authors generally tend to conserve ovarian function, unless there are absolute or relative contra-indications, such as those discussed by the authors. PMID- 6531598 TI - [Hysteroscopy-curettage under local anesthesia in the exploration of abnormal uterine bleeding]. AB - Over a period of 2 years, the authors examined 191 women with metrorrhagia by hysteroscopy. They conclude that the hysteroscopic images are misleading, but that the endoscopy accurately guides the curettage and confirms that it is complete. It appears that prior hysterography is of no use and that the indications for this examination should decline with progress in endoscopy. PMID- 6531599 TI - [The fluorescein dilaurate test in the diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis]. PMID- 6531600 TI - [Clinico-pathological features of chronic pancreatitis. I. Etiology]. PMID- 6531601 TI - [Nutritional and prognostic factors in cancer patients]. PMID- 6531602 TI - [Surgical treatment of solitary non-parasitic liver cysts]. PMID- 6531603 TI - [Hepato-jejunal anastomosis using a transhepatic sonde and a mucous membrane patch in high benign stenosis]. PMID- 6531604 TI - [Hyperplasia of the G cells of the gastric antrum. Report of a patient]. PMID- 6531605 TI - [Abstracts of presentations at the national meeting of the Asociacion Mexicana de Gastroenterologia 1984]. PMID- 6531606 TI - [Analysis by radiographic cephalometry and molding of the surgical treatment and oromaxillary care in cleft lip and cleft palate]. PMID- 6531607 TI - [Subcutaneous mastectomy and mammary reconstruction with dermofat flaps]. PMID- 6531608 TI - [Reconstruction of the pavilion of the ear in microtia]. PMID- 6531609 TI - [Evaluation of absorbent dressings as antimicrobial vehicles]. PMID- 6531610 TI - [Rhytidoplasty and the connective-muscular layer]. PMID- 6531611 TI - [Surgical treatment of pressure ulcers in patients with the spinal cord section syndrome]. PMID- 6531612 TI - [Repair of arteries with vascular microsurgery. Comparative experimental study]. PMID- 6531613 TI - [Fractures of the zygomatic complex: analysis of 140 cases]. PMID- 6531614 TI - [Deltoid flap. Anatomical study]. PMID- 6531615 TI - [Lip sinus]. PMID- 6531616 TI - [Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans]. PMID- 6531617 TI - [Clinical experience with a new immunoglobulin administered intravenously in antibody deficiency syndromes]. PMID- 6531618 TI - [Identification of mononuclear phagocytes by means of latex-particle and IgG opsonized latex particle phagocytosis and nonspecific esterase staining]. PMID- 6531619 TI - [S-sulfonation: reversible chemical modification of immunoglobulins]. PMID- 6531620 TI - [Determination of human serum ferritin by latex immunoassay]. PMID- 6531621 TI - [A rare case of anti-M materno-fetal immunization with a peculiar serologic reactivity]. PMID- 6531622 TI - [Functional properties and membrane markers of lymphocytes in stored blood for transfusion]. PMID- 6531623 TI - [Intraoperative recovery of blood with a modified cellular separator during cardiosurgical interventions]. PMID- 6531624 TI - [Correlation between circulating HBV-DNA, HBcAb titers and post-transfusional hepatitis B]. PMID- 6531625 TI - [Descriptive epidemiologic study of mortality from respiratory tract diseases. Spain, 1900-1978. II. Transmissible respiratory diseases]. PMID- 6531626 TI - [The environment and health. 1]. PMID- 6531627 TI - [Yersinia enterocolitica in fecal cultures: 5 years' experience]. PMID- 6531629 TI - [Epidemiological study of obligatory reportable diseases of low incidence in Spain. I. Carbuncle]. PMID- 6531628 TI - [Aflatoxins in cacao creams and similar products]. PMID- 6531630 TI - [Wild (feral) dogs as an important epidemiological factor]. PMID- 6531631 TI - [Retrospective evaluation of 293 cases of brucellosis]. PMID- 6531632 TI - [Epidemiological study of measles in Spain from 1949 to 1980, with special reference to Andalusia]. PMID- 6531633 TI - [Staphylococcus saprophyticus in urinary infection]. PMID- 6531634 TI - [The environment and health. 2]. PMID- 6531635 TI - [Food and nutrition in 46 school centers in Pamplona in 1981-1982]. PMID- 6531637 TI - Homosexuality and the International Classification of Diseases. PMID- 6531636 TI - [Epidemiological study of brucellosis in the province of Zamora in 1973-1982]. PMID- 6531638 TI - [Susceptibility of Biomphalaria tenagophila from the State of Sao Paulo to infection by Schistosoma mansoni strains from the Baixada Maranhense (Maranhao, Brazil]. PMID- 6531639 TI - [Predatory activity of Helobdella triserialis lineata (Hirudinea: Glossiphonidae) on immature forms of Aedes fluviatilis and Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae) in the laboratory]. PMID- 6531640 TI - [Nutrition and evaluation of the nutritional status of migrant harvest workers in the region of Ribeirao Preto, SP (Brazil)]. PMID- 6531641 TI - [Estimate of the inheritability of juvenile diabetes mellitus in a Brazilian population]. PMID- 6531642 TI - [Status of the compulsory registration of schistosomiasis in Greater Sao Paulo (Brazil) from 1982 to 1983]. PMID- 6531643 TI - [Clinical evaluation of endemic goiter]. PMID- 6531644 TI - [Household interviews and teaching and research in epidemiology]. PMID- 6531645 TI - [A suction apparatus aspirator-type for the capture of mosquitoes]. PMID- 6531646 TI - Interference by cold agglutinins with the measurement of particle concentrations in the Coulter Counter Model S-Plus IV. AB - Cold agglutinins may interfere with measurement of red cell indices in the Coulter Counter Model S-Plus IV due to aggregation of erythrocytes. This is most easily detected by a mean erythrocyte haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) raised above 22.7 mmol/l (established by experience). Heating of the samples will normalize the values in most cases. Temperature-dependent red cell indices were not found in approximately 100 samples with MCHC between 19.5 mmol/l and 22.7 mmol/l. Aggregation of and interference with measurement of white cells and platelets has not been observed. PMID- 6531647 TI - Radioimmunoassay for MPV-295, a new antihypertensive drug. AB - A specific and simple radioimmunoassay for the determination of MPV-295, 4(5)-[2 (2,6-dimethylphenyl)-ethyl]imidazole, in human serum is described. The antibodies were produced in rabbits immunized with a conjugate of MPV-295 and bovine thyroglobulin prepared by diazo reaction. They were shown to be specific for MPV 295 tested against several synthetic analogues. MPV-295 was iodinated with the chloramine-T method and 125I-MPV-295 was purified in cation exchange chromatography for use as tracer. The sensitivity of the assay is 2-5 pmol/ml depending on the sample volume. Serum determinations were carried out directly with 20-50 microliter serum volumes. This assay has been used to monitor serum levels of MPV-295 in pharmacokinetic studies in healthy and hypertensive subjects. PMID- 6531648 TI - Human creatine kinase. Isoenzymes and logistics of energy distribution. AB - A simple procedure to estimate creatine kinase of mitochondrial origin (CK-mit) was tested in homogenates from human myocardial and skeletal muscle. Thereafter CK-mit was estimated as the difference between the activity remaining after immunoinhibition with anit-CK-M and chromatographic isolation of CK-MB. This method was applied to selected human myocardial and skeletal muscle biopsies. These biopsies were selected on the basis of citrate synthetase activity so as to give a large range in oxidative capacity. CK-MB and CK-mit were correlated and both CK-MB and CK-mit correlated to citrate synthetase activity. The isoenzymes CK-MB and CK-mit were thus associated with the oxidative capacity of the tissue. The results confirm the energy shuttle hypothesis for CK with CK-MB located at target organelles. PMID- 6531649 TI - The determination of ethanol in whole blood by differential pH measurements. AB - The application of a new technique based on the differential measurement of pH between two solutions to determine ethanol concentration in whole blood is reported. The ethanol is determined by measuring the change in pH following its enzymatic oxidation to acetaldehyde. The procedure correlates with the head space gas chromatographic method in the 0-108 mmol/l (0-5 g/l) ethanol whole blood concentration range according to the equation y = 1.344 + 1.013x (r = 0.997). PMID- 6531650 TI - Relationship of neutrophil cytoplasmic protein (L1) to acute and chronic lung disease. AB - L1 protein is a neutrophil cytoplasmic protein and its measurement in body fluids probably reflects neutrophil turnover. The serum range in normal subjects is wide (60-5700 microgram/l) with a median value of 547 microgram/l but lower (2P less than 0.01) than in patients with chronic obstructive bronchitis (median, 750; range, 99-500 microgram/l). Patients with "emphysema" do not have increased serum L1 protein concentrations. On the other hand patients with a variety of active lung diseases have raised concentrations compared to normal subjects suggesting that L1 protein is a marker of inflammation within the lung. The secretion concentration of L1 protein reflects its purulent nature and rapid falls in both serum and secretion L1 concentration occur with treatment. The results suggest that sequential L1 measurements may provide a measure of the inflammatory state of the lung and a rapid indication of the response to treatment. PMID- 6531651 TI - Absolute or relative work load in exercise testing--significance of individual differences in working capacity. AB - A commun multistage bicycle ergometer test (50 W increases every third minute until exhaustion) was analysed for significance of individual differences in working capacity in six young borderline hypertensive and six young normotensive males. From measurements of O2 uptake (VO2) during each of the prescribed work rates, up to and including maximal effort, relationships with relative work load (% VO2 max) could be established for each of the variables observed in the study. An alternative procedure was tested in which the relative work load was established on the basis of the individual's maximal mechanical power output (Wmax). In heavy exercise the variation coefficients for some variables were nearly halved when observed at a given relative (% VO2 max or % Wmax) rather than absolute (number of watts) exercise level. In light exercise the effect of this normalization was negligible. The two expressions of relative work load were closely correlated. Relative work load in % VO2 max could be predicted from the relative work load in % Wmax with an average standard error of estimate of 2.8%. Exercise heart rate and rate of perceived exertion (Borg scale) were also significantly correlated with relative work load. However, these latter variables were less precise as indicators of relative work load, the standard error of estimates being 3 and 5 times larger than that of % Wmax, respectively. The procedure of establishing relative work load on the basis of Wmax may be of value if a precise setting is desirable when measurements of VO2 are impracticable. The method may also be of use if an individual's HR-work load relationship is abnormal, for example because of medication.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6531652 TI - Direct determination of the tissue-to-blood partition coefficient for Xenon in human subcutaneous adipose tissue. AB - The tissue-to-blood partition coefficient for Xenon (lambda Xe) in the subcutaneous tissue in the forefoot was determined by physical and chemical analysis. The difference between patients with normal circulation (n = 10) and serve ischaemia (n = 13) was insignificant; pooled mean: 7.42 +/- 1.57 ml x g-1. The lambda Xe in the forefoot was significantly lower than lambda Xe of the abdominal wall (lambda Xe - abd: 8.67 +/- 1.27 ml x g-1; P = 0.03). The influence of oedema on the local blood flow [in ml x (100 g x min)-1] and on the post reconstructive hyperaemia (in ml x min-1) is discussed. It is concluded that local blood flow determinations, based on 133Xenon wash-out rates, in individual cases, are not possible. In subcutaneous tissue with low lipid contents, the ratio between the post- and preoperative wash-out rates tend to underestimate the post reconstructive hyperaemia. This is due to the volume increase of the subcutaneous tissue being larger than the decrease of the tissue-to-blood partition coefficient due to the oedema. PMID- 6531653 TI - The effect of alprenolol on serum myoglobin levels in acute myocardial infarction. AB - In a group of 37 patients with definite acute myocardial infarction (AMI) allocated to treatment with either alprenolol (n = 20) or placebo (n = 17) serial determinations of concentrations in serum of myoglobin (S-Mb), creatine kinase (S CK), aspartate aminotransferase (S-ASAT) and lactate dehydrogenase (S-LDH) were performed. The median peak levels of S-Mb, S-CK and S-LDH were significantly (P less than 0.05) lower among patients treated with alprenolol. The median of the estimated infarct size based on S-CK curves was also significantly (P less than 0.01) lower in the alprenolol group. There was no significant difference between the estimated infarct size based on S-Mb values in the two groups. It is concluded that the present study provides indirect evidence for the assumption that early beta-blockade in AMI can reduce infarct size. PMID- 6531654 TI - Pulmonary vascular resistance in ventricular septal defects. The long-term prognosis as evaluated by the thermodilution method. AB - Twenty-six children with ventricular septal defects were investigated using the thermodilution method for determining pulmonary blood flow and calculating pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR). Fourteen were followed sequentially. All were below 2 years of age at the first investigation. Eleven of them had a PVR of three units or more. Six of the children in this group died; four at operation, two before operation. One has a residual shunt and equilibrated pressures. Fifteen patients had a PVR below three units; two of them died, none had any long term complications. In the high-resistance group, sequential determinations of PVR with the thermodilution method further helped to separate those with a poor prognosis from those whose pulmonary vascular bed was still reactive and for whom prognosis was good. PMID- 6531655 TI - Interstitial fluid volume, plasma volume and colloid osmotic pressure in patients with nephrotic syndrome. AB - Colloid osmotic pressure in plasma (IIp) and in subcutaneous interstitial fluid (IIi) (wick technique), plasma volume (PV) and interstitial fluid volume (IFV) were measured in nephrotic patients (n = 11) and in healthy controls. Six of the patients were treated with ultrafiltration and the parameters were measured before and after withdrawal of mean 7460 ml (total ultrafiltrate in two sessions). In the nephrotic patients mean IIp was 11.6 mmHg and IIi was 3.9 mmHg compared to 28.6 mmHg and 15.8 mmHg, respectively, in healthy controls. PV was in the normal-to-high range and IFV was increased to 150% of the valued in controls. No statistically significant change in PV, IIp or IIi was found after ultrafiltration, and IFV was reduced by 20%. The results indicate that reduction in IIi is an important oedema-preventing factor and that the reduction in interstitial protein mass is more than proportional compared to the degree of hypoproteinaemia. Ultrafiltration in the rate and magnitude we have used, leads to reduction in IFV, but small changes in PV, IIp or IIi. PMID- 6531656 TI - Contribution of trypsin and cholate to the pathogenesis of experimental alkaline reflux esophagitis. AB - Previous studies suggest that trypsin and bile salts are the causative agents in alkaline reflux esophagitis. However, their individual effects on the esophageal mucosa is relatively weak when used alone. Since these agents seem to have different sites of action in the esophageal mucosa, we have investigated whether they might have a synergic action when used in combination. Rabbit esophagus was perfused in situ with a test solution containing trypsin and cholate, alone or in combination, at pH 7.0. The severity of mucosal damage was assessed, using as indicators of mucosal integrity transmucosal potential difference, net flux of Na+, and mucosal permeability to two neutral molecules of different sizes, 3H-H2O and 14C-erythritol. Cholate (in its conjugated and deconjugated form) was chosen as the bile salt test agent, because it is quantitatively important but almost inert on the esophageal mucosa when used alone. The results indicate that trypsin significantly decreased potential difference and increased mucosal permeability to Na+, 3H-H2O and 14C-erythritol. Cholate and taurocholate had no influence on the mucosa when used alone, but cholate, especially in its deconjugated form, increased significantly mucosal damage caused by trypsin. The findings suggest that trypsin and bile salts do have a synergic effect on esophageal mucosa, which may have pathogenetic significance in clinical alkaline reflux esophagitis. PMID- 6531657 TI - Measurement of enzyme activity in colonic biopsies: a test for premalignancy in ulcerative colitis? AB - Enzyme activity was studied in relationship to histological changes in biopsy specimens removed after resection from patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6-PDH) and lactate dehydrogenase activities were measured in homogenates from 276 large-intestinal biopsy specimens, classified histologically in accordance with grade of inflammation and dysplasia. The mean activity of both enzymes was highest in the presence of dysplasia; however, only G6-PDH activity seemed independent of inflammatory changes. In the seven patients with dysplasia both enzyme activities were significantly raised in segments with dysplasia, compared with those without. The results support the use of dysplasia as a marker of premalignancy and may suggest a role for measurements of enzyme activity in the evaluation of patients with ulcerative colitis. PMID- 6531658 TI - Distribution of dysplasia in ulcerative colitis. AB - Epithelial dysplasia was found in the large intestine of 8 of 15 patients with ulcerative colitis operated on between 1980 and 1982. In six of eight patients, dysplasia was found in the cecum and ascending colon, in one of eight in the descending or sigmoid colon, and in four of eight in the rectum. None of the five carcinomas in three patients were located in the sigmoid colon or rectum. The age of onset was much lower, 19 +/- 7 years, and the duration of colitis longer, 15 +/- 7 years, for the group with dysplasia compared with that without dysplasia, 37 +/- 18 and 4 +/- 3 years, respectively. Our study indicates that malignant transformation may frequently occur in the proximal colon and emphasizes the need for total colonoscopy with multiple biopsies in the evaluation of patients with long-standing ulcerative colitis. PMID- 6531659 TI - Duodenogastric bile reflux in patients with gastric ulcer. AB - The duodenogastric bile reflux rate in 33 patients with gastric ulcer is compared with the rates in 33 non-ulcer patients. Duodenogastric bile reflux was measured by a non-invasive isotope method using 99mTc-diethyliminodiacetic acid. Reflux occurred significantly oftener in the ulcer patients (27 of 33) than in the non ulcer patients (14 of 33) (p less than 0.01) but did not differ significantly in quantity between these two groups. The results suggest that the magnitude of bile reflux cannot be used to distinguish between ulcer patients and non-ulcer patients. PMID- 6531660 TI - Effect of omeprazole, a substituted benzimidazole, on 24-h intragastric acidity in patients with peptic ulcer disease. AB - Intragastric pH was measured during physiological conditions over 24-h periods in patients with peptic ulcer disease. After single oral doses of 20, 40, and 80 mg omeprazole we found a dose-dependent reduction in mean intragastric acidity ranging from 38% to 99%. After treatment for 1 week with omeprazole, 40 mg daily, with or without an initial loading dose of 80 mg, intragastric acidity was decreased by more than 99%. This is a more pronounced decrease in acidity than can be achieved even with very high doses of histamine H2-receptor antagonists. PMID- 6531661 TI - The influence of measuring catheter diameter on direct manometry in the canine sphincter of Oddi. AB - Sphincter of Oddi manometry was performed in three anesthetized dogs, using different measuring catheter diameters, ranging from 1.0 to 1.9 mm. No differences were seen either in sphincter of Oddi wave amplitude, frequency, and base-line pressure or in common bile duct pressure measured after cannulation during 20 min with catheters of 1.0 and 1.3 mm. However, significant disturbances of these variables were present when the measuring catheter diameter was 1.6 and 1.9 mm. It is concluded that the diameter of the recording catheter is of crucial importance in sphincter of Oddi manometry. In dogs with a body weight of 30-40 kg, the outer diameter should not exceed 1.3 mm. PMID- 6531662 TI - Intraoperative sphincter of Oddi manometry in patients with gallstones. AB - In seven patients operated on with cholecystectomy for simple gallstones, sphincter of Oddi manometry was performed during surgery. The sphincter was localized as a zone with elevated base-line pressure and phasic contractile activity. Mean value of the amplitude was 90 mm Hg; wave duration, 4 sec; frequency, 5/min; and base-line pressure, 10 mm Hg. No activity was seen in the antrum or duodenum. The plotting of peak-to-peak intervals in a histogram showed that these were evenly distributed around 6 sec or at integrated multiples of this value. This indicates that the sphincter of Oddi is paced. The origin of the pacing is not yet established. PMID- 6531663 TI - The effect of beta-blockade on gastric acid secretion, gastrin release, and plasma catecholamine concentrations during modified sham feeding in duodenal ulcer patients. AB - The effects of beta-blockade (propranolol, 100 mg orally) on gastric acid output and on circulating levels of gastrin, adrenaline, noradrenaline, and dopamine during modified sham feeding (MSF) were investigated by a randomized, double blind method in six patients with asymptomatic duodenal ulcer disease. No differences occurred in peak acid output during MSF, whereas basal acid output was significantly suppressed by beta-blockade and peak acid output was unaffected. Basal gastrin concentration was lower during beta-blockade but rose in response to MSF. Without beta-blockade serum gastrin levels were unaffected by MSF. Plasma catecholamine concentrations were not affected by the beta-blockade. It is concluded that acid output and gastrin release in response to MSF, unlike that to insulin hypoglycaemia, is not influenced by beta-adrenoceptor blockade. PMID- 6531664 TI - Solid-sphere test for examination of anal sphincter strength. AB - The solid-sphere test was used to measure the strength of the anal sphincter. A plastic sphere 2 cm in diameter was inserted into the rectum. The plastic sphere was stepwise loaded. The patient was asked to contract his sphincter and try to keep the sphere inside the rectum. The maximal strength was defined as the force needed to draw the sphere through the anus. In continent persons the force needed was above 7 N, in persons with partial incontinence between 5 and 7 N, and in persons with total incontinence below 5 N. A clear difference between continent and totally incontinent persons was found. The solid-sphere test is simple, cheap, and of great value in examination of faecal incontinence. PMID- 6531665 TI - Histochemical study of phosphorylase in proliferating cells of intestinal metaplasia and carcinoma of the human stomach. AB - A morphologic histochemical study of phosphorylase was carried out to investigate the relationship between gastric carcinoma and intestinal metaplasia. Intense phosphorylase activity was observed in the carcinoma cells, especially in well differentiated adenocarcinoma, and in the proliferating cells of some intestinal metaplasias. Metaplastic epithelium other than the proliferating cells occasionally showed a positive reaction. Phosphorylase was negative in normal gastric epithelium, even in its proliferating cells. There was an apparent coincidence between the location of well-differentiated adenocarcinoma and the distribution of intestinal metaplasia, with the proliferating cells showing positive reaction for phosphorylase. These data suggest that the relationship between the proliferating cells of intestinal metaplasia showing phosphorylase activity and well-differentiated adenocarcinoma is apparently closer than the much-debated relationship between the epithelium of intestinal metaplasia and gastric carcinoma. PMID- 6531666 TI - The prevalence and clinical spectrum of primary biliary cirrhosis in a defined population. AB - We studied 33 patients with primary biliary cirrhosis representative of a well defined population (240,000) during the decade 1973-82. Mean annual incidence was 13.7 per 10(6) and point prevalence, 92 per 10(6) inhabitants in 1982. An accumulation of asymptomatic cases, constituting 45% of all patients, with a normal life expectancy accounted for this high prevalence. During the study period no disease progress was seen in asymptomatic patients, in contrast to a 50% mortality in the symptomatic group. Disease progress in the latter group was reflected by deterioration of N-demethylating capacity and increasing bilirubin levels. Although our data confirm an increasing prevalence of primary biliary cirrhosis, the mortality rate during the study period was almost identical to that in an earlier period, 1951-60. PMID- 6531667 TI - Lack of relationship between cholecystectomy and colorectal cancer. A case control autopsy study in a defined population. AB - To study the postulated relationship between prior cholecystectomy and occurrence of subsequent colorectal cancer, we examined the prevalence of cholecystectomy in all patients with histologically confirmed colorectal cancer registered during 1966-75 in the city of Malmo. In addition, we studied the frequency of colon cancer in all females autopsied in 1978-79 with a previous cholecystectomy. Of all 1061 cases of colon cancer diagnosed during the 1966-75 period, 94 (8.9%) had undergone cholecystectomy, as compared with 106 (10.0%) in the age-matched controls. In the female subgroup (n = 503) the corresponding figure for cholecystectomy was 58 (11.5%), as compared with 70 (13.9%) in the controls. The incidence of right-sided colon cancer among the 58 females with previous cholecystectomy did not differ from that of age-matched controls (28.6 and 28.1%, respectively). The incidence of colon cancer among 305 females with a prior cholecystectomy autopsied during 1978-79 was 24 (7 right-sided), as compared with 22 (8 right-sided) in age-matched controls without gallbladder disease. Gastric cancer was more frequent (p less than 0.01) in cholecystectomized women than in controls. These results refute the suggested relationship between cholecystectomy and development of colon cancer in any location. PMID- 6531668 TI - Mucosal growth and enzyme activity during the early phase of adaptation after jejunal bypass in the rat. AB - Morphological variables and mucosal enzyme activities were measured in the bypassed and remaining parts of the small intestine 3, 7, and 14 days after a jejunal bypass operation. In the bypassed segment tissue mass, enzyme activity per unit intestinal length, and enzyme activity per unit DNA were gradually reduced. In sham-operated animals tissue mass increased, whereas enzyme activity per unit DNA was reduced. In the segment remaining in function, tissue mass increased, whereas enzyme activities decreased temporarily. In this part of the intestine, the changes were more or less parallel in bypassed and sham-operated animals. It may be concluded that the enzymatic changes are not correlated to the morphologic changes in the early phase of adaptation to intestinal bypass. PMID- 6531669 TI - Gallbladder emptying and gastrointestinal cyclic motor activity in humans. AB - The purpose of the present work was to answer two questions: does the human gallbladder empty in the fasting state, and, if so, is the emptying related to a specific phase of the activity in the gastrointestinal tract? The material consisted of nine healthy volunteers and the motility recordings were done with a perfused low-compliance system. Gallbladder emptying was recorded by the use of scintigraphy with 99mTc-HIDA. Eleven activity fronts were observed, and seven periods of gallbladder emptying were recorded. Reduction in counts over the gallbladder ranged from 8% to 32%. All emptyings took place in connection with phase-II activity in the intestine. Three were in close proximity to the following phase-III activity, and the other four occurred early in a phase II. Four activity fronts were not accompanied by output of bile. CONCLUSIONS: bile output from the gallbladder occurs in fasting humans, and gallbladder emptying takes place in connection with phase-II activity in the intestine but not always in close connection with the following phase-III activity. PMID- 6531670 TI - Intra-abdominal pressure measurements using a wireless radio pressure pill and two wire connected pressure transducers: a comparison. AB - Intra-abdominal pressures were measured simultaneously with a wireless radio pill and two wire-connected pressure transducers introduced orally and rectally respectively. Measurements were made on 8 men during common postures, simple activities and static and dynamic lifting. An acceptable correspondence was found in wave forms of the generated pressure curves in time and shape. The three systems showed, however, a less good agreement in recorded peak differences, i.e. highest and lowest pressure responses to each task. The radio pill is simple to use, but more difficult to calibrate and expensive, compared to the wire connected methods, which however are less attractive for use in the work environment. PMID- 6531671 TI - A comparison of the gaits of paretic patients with the gaits of control subjects carrying a load. AB - The gaits of 15 patients with peripheral and central paresis were studied. They were compared both with a control group of the same age and sex and with a group of nine subjects who carried varying weights. Velocity was low in the patients and this was due to decreases of both stride length and stride frequency. Load did not significantly decrease the velocity of the control subjects, since unlike the patients, they had the ability to compensate for a low stride length by significantly increasing stride frequency. The significant lowering of stride length in both groups was a similarity between them. The patients were also similar to the loaded normal subjects in having a shortened duration of the single support and a prolonged double support. The patients with hemisymptoms also showed significant differences between the two sides for the durations of both single and double support. The results obtained from this study justify our hypothesis that a subject who is carrying a load may in certain respects be considered as a model of a subject with paresis. The remaining differences may be explained by the fact that in the experimental situation, the leg was loaded only during stance, while in paresis the legs may be considered relatively loaded during the whole stride. PMID- 6531672 TI - Outcome of patients with a nailed hip fracture requiring rehabilitation in a hospital for chronic care. AB - The rehabilitation outcome of seventy-eight consecutive patients with nailed hip fractures admitted to a hospital for chronic care from an orthopaedic department during 1977 through 1980 was followed for two years. They comprised only 13% of all hip fracture patients, the others being discharged to their own homes or old people's homes. Thirty-four of the admitted patients came originally from their own homes, 23 from old people's homes and the others from hospitals for chronic care. Each had been selected for long-term care by the orthopaedic surgeon and his staff as the likelihood of rehabilitation in his/her original habitat was considered poor. Because of an active rehabilitation at the hospital for chronic care, one-third of the surviving patients were discharged to their own homes or old people's homes within one year after the fracture. Most of these patients came originally from their own homes. Once discharged, the patients did not need to return to the hospital for chronic care. PMID- 6531673 TI - Spontaneous pneumothorax: a retrospective review of aetiology, pathogenesis and management. AB - A retrospective analysis was made of all spontaneous pneumothoraces admitted to a Respiratory Unit between 1976 and 1981. There were 117 individuals responsible for 148 admissions, with a male to female ratio of 2: 1, giving a higher incidence amongst females than has been previously reported. Significantly fewer admissions were noted during May, June and July. Of the total survey population 89 per cent had smoked and in 40 per cent there was pre-existing lung disease. There was a history of two or more pneumothoraces in 36 per cent. Tetracycline pleurodesis, while attempted in 19 patients, was successful in only ten. Twelve patients underwent thoracotomy with a preponderance following right sided lesions. The duration of admission was more than 20 days for 17 per cent of the population. The aetiology, pathogenesis and management of pneumothorax is discussed. PMID- 6531674 TI - Repeat prescribing in the elderly. A case for audit? AB - An audit of repeat drug prescriptions in 531 elderly patients in an urban practice was undertaken. Two thirds of the patients (64%) were receiving repeat prescriptions at time of review and had been doing so for up to 20 years (mean 5.3 years). Individual practitioners' rates of starting repeat prescriptions and monitoring them were reviewed. The data revealed that drug prescription in this highly susceptible group was not being adequately monitored and stimulated the introduction of repeat prescription cards. PMID- 6531675 TI - Endoscopic sphincterotomy in the management of common duct stones--results of the first fifty cases. PMID- 6531676 TI - Traditional methods of follow-up for thyroid disease--in descent? PMID- 6531677 TI - Portal hypertension in children. An experience of 33 cases. AB - The pathology, treatment and progress of 33 children with portal hypertension are reviewed. There were 20 patients with extra-hepatic portal obstruction (EHB) and 13 with intra-hepatic obstruction (IHB). The lesion in all the EHB was a block in the portal vein: in IHB it was a post-hepatitis cirrhosis in two cases and in the others a congenital abnormality. Treatment was surgical in 32 patients. The prognosis in EHB is good and long survival after operation was the rule. In IHB the survival depended upon the type and severity of the hepatic disorder and the incidence of recurrent bleeding. The frequency of recurrent bleeding was found to vary with the operation performed being greatest after splenectomy alone or with devascularisation, and least after lieno-renal anastomosis. The follow-up ranged from one year to more than 28 years. PMID- 6531678 TI - Recent trends in the award of postgraduate medical degrees by the University of Aberdeen. AB - Recent trends in the award of higher medical degrees by the University of Aberdeen are reported. The proportion of graduates proceeding to a higher degree has remained relatively stable over recent decades. The numbers taking the Ch.M. or Ph.D. has increased while the number taking the M.D. has declined. The proportion of M.D.'s awarded with 'Honours' has fallen progressively. PMID- 6531679 TI - Jejunal perforation as a result of massive gastrointestinal bleeding from a duodenal ulcer. AB - A complication of massive upper gastrointestinal bleeding is presented as a case report of a patient who developed a spontaneous perforation of the small intestine as a result of massive bleeding from a duodenal ulcer. PMID- 6531680 TI - A case of materno-foetal histocompatibility--implications for leucocyte transfusion treatment for recurrent aborters. AB - A cord blood sample obtained after a perfectly normal pregnancy was found to be HLA-A, B, C and DR compatible with maternal HLA antigens. This minority occurrence is discussed in relation to the possible use of tissue-typing to assess risk of spontaneous abortion. PMID- 6531681 TI - A case of 'malignant' diverticulitis associated with tuberculous colitis. AB - A case of co-existing diverticulitis and tuberculosis of the left side of the colon is presented, the combination resulting in a clinical course identical to so-called 'malignant' diverticulitis. PMID- 6531682 TI - Tuberculosis and minimal change nephropathy. AB - A patient with minimal change nephropathy (MCN) is described who, during the earlier part of his illness, had several relapses each of which promptly responded to treatment with prednisolone but subsequently his proteinuria became refractory to this treatment for nearly two years. Tuberculous osteitis was then discovered and treated. Thereafter, a further course of prednisolone caused a prompt and sustained remission. The natural history of this patient identifies another cause of failure of conventional therapy to induce remission in patients with MNC; highlights the hazards of that therapy; suggests that neither prednisolone nor cyclophosphamide is capable of inhibiting the mechanism causing proteinuria unless the provoking factor has been eliminated and supports Shalhoub's belief that the T lymphocyte may be important in the pathogenesis of MCN. PMID- 6531683 TI - The effect of peritonitis on the distribution of cefuroxime in patients undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. PMID- 6531684 TI - Anyone for audit? PMID- 6531685 TI - Asthma deaths in Scotland 1965-1980. AB - From 1965 the fall in asthma mortality in Scotland has parallelled that documented for England and Wales. The high proportion of deaths in young people, and deaths at home, is similar to findings elsewhere. Mortality is higher in the more rural health areas, which are characterised by poorer access to general medical services, fewer medical consultants to the population, and lower hospital admission rates for asthma. There is a slightly higher proportion of home deaths in these rural areas, though on the available data not reaching the level of significance. It is suggested that this difference in mortality between the more urban and the more rural areas provides a basis for a case study in detail. PMID- 6531686 TI - Pulmonary hypersensitivity in the alginate industry. AB - Salts of alginic acid are complex polymerised polysaccharides which are chemically extracted from seaweed. Workers in the alginate industry are exposed to dust from dried milled seaweed and pure alginate compounds. In this survey of one of the two factories in Britain producing alginates, we found evidence of pulmonary hypersensitivity to seaweed dust in seven per cent of the total work force, and evidence of precipitating antibody to sodium alginate and seaweed extracts in the serum of 4.5 per cent of the work force. Challenge testing of a number of employees with symptoms showed a dual response with immediate airways obstruction, and a later loss of lung volume, with associated impairment of transfer factor. PMID- 6531687 TI - Acute infectious disease presenting as acute renal failure. AB - A diverse range of infectious diseases has presented with acute renal failure (ARF) in the West of Scotland in the past five years. Full recovery is possible provided the specific diagnosis is made early and treatment with temporary renal support is combined with effective antimicrobial therapy. PMID- 6531688 TI - Dundee chordomas. AB - All patients with chordomas that have been treated in the Dundee neurosurgical unit are reviewed. Five intracranial and two sacral chordomas have presented since the unit opened in 1966. Survival has ranged from one to fifteen years following treatment. The difficulties in diagnosis and in assessing treatment of these rare slow growing neoplasms are discussed. PMID- 6531689 TI - Sotalol induced torsade de pointes. AB - Torsade de pointes is an uncommon ventricular tachyarrhythmia precipitated by a variety of metabolic and pharmacological conditions and requiring unconventional antiarrhythmic therapy. A case is presented demonstrating the occurrence of torsade de pointes following sotalol overdosage and specific features enabling recognition and treatment of this life-threatening arrhythmia are discussed. PMID- 6531690 TI - Multiple sclerosis in a Glasgow tenement. AB - Two males and two females brought up in the same Glasgow tenement later developed multiple sclerosis. Two of the four, a brother and sister, owned a dog who died of distemper when they were respectively eight and 12 years old. PMID- 6531691 TI - An unusual cause of apnoea on the table. PMID- 6531692 TI - Cardiac electrophysiology. An update for physicians. PMID- 6531693 TI - The incidence and significance of superior QRS axis in children with cyanotic congenital heart disease. PMID- 6531694 TI - Birth weight of newborns and maternal health. PMID- 6531695 TI - Rubella in male Singapore adolescents: incidence and effects of vaccination. PMID- 6531696 TI - Complex maxillo-facial injuries in Singapore. PMID- 6531697 TI - Eye injury from plant sap of Pedilanthus tithymaloides Poit. PMID- 6531698 TI - Hearing sensitivity of Singaporeans in advanced age. PMID- 6531699 TI - Presentation of supracondylar fractures of the humerus in Singapore children. PMID- 6531700 TI - The plain film diagnosis of combined right middle and lower lobe collapse. PMID- 6531701 TI - Monosymptomatic hypochondriacal psychosis. A report of 3 cases. PMID- 6531702 TI - Anaesthesia for traumatic pneumo-cephalus--use of total intravenous althesin. PMID- 6531703 TI - Effects of norethisterone on coagulation and fibrinolysis in Asian women. PMID- 6531704 TI - Some aspects of sexual knowledge and sexual behaviour of local women. Results of a survey. IV Premarital coitus. PMID- 6531705 TI - Pain; still an intriguing puzzle. PMID- 6531706 TI - Ethnicity and the pain experience. AB - The first objective of this investigation was to examine interethnic differences and similarities in the reported pain experience of Black, Irish, Italian, Jewish and Puerto Rican facial pain patients. Responses, attitudes and descriptions were found to be relatively similar after controlling for most variables shown by previous studies to influence reported pain experience. These variables include symptom history, signs elicited on physical, radiographic and laboratory examination, as well as social, cultural and psychological data. A thirty-five item scale was employed to measure patients' pain experience. Using analysis of variance and covariance, no significant interethnic differences were found for twenty-three (65.7%) of the items. The majority of the twelve items for which interethnic differences were found concerned the patients' emotionality (stoicism vs expressiveness) in response to pain, and interference in daily functioning attributed to pain. The pain experiences reported by the Black, Italian and Jewish patients were found most similar as measured by the twelve items. Irish and Puerto Rican patients appeared relatively distinct from the other groups as well as from each other. The second objective of this study was to identify particular variables that influence intraethnic variation in the pain experience. These were determined by multiple regression analysis of two summary indices previously derived by factor analysis of the thirty-five items. The specific variables which were most influential differed according to ethnicity, as follows: degree of medical acculturation for Black patients; degree of social assimilation for Irish patients; duration of pain for Italian patients; and level of psychological distress for Jewish and Puerto Rican patients. Thus, it appears that, in our study population, interethnic homogeneity is present for most aspects of the pain experience, while intraethnic heterogeneity exists for factors that may influence that experience. That is, the five ethnic groups were generally found to be similar in their reported responses to pain. Yet, each group was quite different with regard to factors which influence the responses. PMID- 6531707 TI - Between death and shame: dimensions of pain in Bariba culture. AB - The Bariba of Benin idealize stoicism in response to pain. Analysis of the conceptualization of pain in Bariba thought indicates that an appropriate response to pain is considered intrinsic to Bariba identity. The Bariba example offers data illuminating the pain response and detailing the implications of urbanization and industrialization for this facet of ethnicity. The subject of pain elicits from informants a cognitive map of honor and shame, rather than discussion of pain per se. Features of the socialization process, particularly circumcision and clitoridectomy, signal courage and honour as crucial values and provide a basis for the Bariba perspective towards pain. PMID- 6531708 TI - The continuous nature of headache susceptibility. AB - The present paper outlines a conceptual framework for understanding headache susceptibility from a psychobiological or severity perspective. The term psychobiological is intended to convey the notion that a patient's susceptibility to headache, as well as the pain experienced during headache episodes, is a continuous and multifacted condition involving cognitive, behavioral and physiological events. The term severity refers primarily to the notion that headache susceptibility and the symptoms experienced during headache attacks represent progressive conditions and that differences among headache sufferers can be understood in quantitative rather than qualitative terms. The key component of the severity model is the psychobiological predisposition which is described as a dynamic entity that is responsible for the increasing severity and chronicity of the headache sufferer's condition. This component is especially crucial for understanding headache attacks in the chronic patient which often seem to occur in the absence of specific psychological and/or physical events. Data supporting the severity approach are reviewed and the significance of these data for understanding the processes controlling chronic headache are discussed. PMID- 6531709 TI - The spouse's adjustment to chronic pain: cognitive and emotional factors. AB - Recent research has demonstrated that the pain behaviors displayed by patients who have chronic pain complaints can be rewarded and maintained by the solicitous and attentive responses of spouses. The present study examines cognitive and emotional factors which may underly such solicitous responding by the spouses. In this study spouses completed a questionnaire (The Spouses' Perception of Disease- SPOD) which was designed to determine their perceptions of the patients' chronic pain syndromes. Additionally spouses completed a measure of emotional and psychological functioning (SCL-90) and a measure of marital satisfaction (Locke Wallace Scale). The results of this study show that spouse's cognitive interpretation of the patient's chronic pain syndrome is closely associated with the spouse's emotional adjustment and marital satisfaction. Optimism, perception that the patient has a positive attitude along with few psychological problems and the perception that the patient is severely disabled all are associated with more positive emotional status in spouses. The results are discussed in terms of their implications for the rehabilitation of chronic pain patients. PMID- 6531710 TI - Consequences of nonverbal expression of pain: patient distress and observer concern. AB - Two studies examined the effects on others of nonverbal expressiveness of pain. Subjects viewed one of three videotapes of a simulated doctor-patient interview, with identical verbal content but different levels of expressiveness, and then completed a rating form. In Study I subjects were 44 senior nursing students. High nonverbal expressiveness yielded significantly higher ratings of patient pain and distress and observer concern. These variables also were inversely related to amount of nursing experience. Expressiveness had no significant effects on psychological support or nursing aids recommended for the patient. In Study II, 88 female undergraduates were categorized as low, medium or high on a measure of their need to nurture others. Irrespective of nurturance, ratings of patient distress, but not pain, were significantly higher in the high expressive condition. Nonverbal expressiveness of pain appears to influence ratings of the patient's affective state (distress) and the observer's affective response (concern). PMID- 6531711 TI - Facial expression accompanying pain. AB - The study of facial expression accompanying pain is of both practical and theoretical importance. It has been suggested that nonverbal behavior may provide accurate information on pain states to supplement self-report and that perhaps facial expressions could even serve as accurate measures of pain in the absence of verbal report. Recent studies of specific facial expressions accompanying pain have benefited greatly from the techniques and findings of earlier research on facial expressions of emotion. These research findings also raise a number of questions concerning relationships between pain and emotion expressions, and provide some tools (e.g. direct facial measurement systems) for answering them. A review of empirical research indicates that there are distinct facial expressions which accompany acute painful experiences with some regularity, and that these expressions occur in both infants and adults, at least in Western cultures. Important areas for future research include cross-cultural studies, investigations of the circumstances under which these facial expressions occur and the possibilities for masking or falsifying them and research into facial behaviors related to chronic pain. PMID- 6531713 TI - A study of labour pain using the McGill Pain Questionnaire. AB - The McGill Pain Questionnaire (MPQ) was used to assess the nature and intensity of labour pain in 29 women. Subjects completed the MPQ during the first stage of labour, and again 24-48 hours post-natally, when they recalled the pain of the first and second stages of their childbirth. Labour pain was found, on average, to be severe. However, it varied greatly between subjects. In particular, one psychological factor--previous experience of pain--was found to be strongly associated with perceived levels of labour pain. Subjects who reported that they had previously experienced significant levels of pain unrelated to childbirth had low or moderate levels of labour pain. Subjects who reported little experience of pain unrelated to childbirth, had high levels of pain. PMID- 6531712 TI - Developmental changes in infant pain expression during immunization injections. AB - Developmental changes in pain expression provoked by routine immunization injections during the first 2 years of life were examined. An interval-sampling, behavioral observation system was developed to code categories of expressive behavior in infants, their mothers and the nurse responsible for the injection. Qualitative changes were observed in the infants' behavior, with those less than 12 months of age responding in a more spontaneous, diffuse manner, whereas the older infants displayed more anticipatory distress, descriptive language and goal directed movement. Mothers and the nurse actively interacted with each other and the infant with a range of vocal and nonvocal actions. The findings justified the use of unobtrusive, naturalistic observation as a means of assisting practitioners who suffer from an inadequate knowledge-base on pain in children. PMID- 6531714 TI - Psychological approaches to the management of arthritis pain. AB - The present review examines the literature regarding the efficacy of cognitive behavioral and other self-control interventions in helping arthritis patients reduce their pain and functional disabilities. The evidence indicates that self control interventions have produced significant and positive changes in the pain and functional disabilities of patients with rheumatoid arthritis and arthritis secondary to hemophilia. However, the literature suffers from deficiencies with regard to the use of small subject samples; inadequate control procedures and follow-up assessments; failure to demonstrate that positive outcomes are related to changes in subjects' covert experiences or control of physiological variables; and reliance upon self-report measures of outcome. The review is followed by a description of a multidisciplinary study of the efficacy of a biofeedback assisted, cognitive-behavioral group therapy program for rheumatoid arthritis patients that features several methodological improvements relative to previous investigations. The preliminary outcome data show that the cognitive-behavioral intervention is associated with reductions in pain behavior and self-reports of pain and disability. It is concluded that, although the self-control interventions have shown promising results, psychologists must demonstrate positive and reliable outcomes among large numbers of arthritis patients over extended periods of time if the interventions are to be viewed as credible by rheumatologists. PMID- 6531715 TI - Managing the problem pain patient: compliance or social control? AB - This paper explores the usefulness of a social control perspective for the analysis of the everyday medical management of problem pain patients. The popular, social-psychologically based, patient-compliance model is founded on certain assumptions which limit applicability to pain patient-practitioner interaction. A social control model is proposed to account for the moral and social construction of the problem pain patient. Data are presented from studies of pain management seminars and the patient screening process in a comprehensive pain treatment center to illustrate how this moral and social construction is accomplished. PMID- 6531716 TI - [Determination of age based on the circumference of the aorta]. AB - In a cohort of 207 men at the age of 16 to 85 years and 140 women at the age of 16 to 94 years a very close relationship between age and circumference of ascending part, aortic arch and abdominal aorta was found. The coefficient of multiple correlation of age with the size of aorta was 0.896 in women; residual standard deviation was 6.67 years in men and 8.15 years in women. The relationship between age and the size of aorta was expressed by regression liner equation for each sex separately. The age was calculated by means of this equation and the best results were reached in both sexes in the range of 26 to 65 years. In this age period a deviation greater than 10 years from the real age occurred in the least frequency. In the whole cohort of men this deviation occurred in 21.7% and in the whole cohort of women in 22.8% of persons. PMID- 6531717 TI - [Creatinine and urea in the vitreous body]. AB - Creatinine and urea in the vitreous body after death were determined in 146 and 149 deceased persons in a period of 2 to 132 hours after death. There was not any relation to the time period from death and the amount of creatinine and urea in the vitreous body. In 21 deceased subjects, where there was not any basis for changed amounts of creatinine or urea, the mean amount of creatinine was 106,05 +/- 43,5 mumol/l, that of urea 5,77 +/- 2,14 mmol/l. There was a good agreement between the results of the amount of creatinine and urea in serum before death and creatinine and urea in the vitreous body after death. PMID- 6531718 TI - [Personal experience with the detection of sperm using leucylaminopeptidase]. AB - The detection of leucylaminopeptidase (LAP) has been carried out in human male and female sexual organ tissues and in vaginal smears through the use of histochemical methods. On the ground of the performed experiments it is possible to prefer the statement that the finding of a positive result of LAP activity testing might be used as a complementary method for obtaining indirect proof of the presence of sperm in vaginal smears. LAP activity may be demonstrated until the term of twelve hours following sexual intercourse. PMID- 6531719 TI - [Serum phospholipids and lipoprotein fractions in dogs during starvation and dietary lipemia]. PMID- 6531721 TI - [Loss of hair after childbirth]. PMID- 6531720 TI - [Anatomic variation in extrahepatic bile ducts]. PMID- 6531722 TI - [Study of pulmonary ventilation function in workers exposed to carbon monoxide in the Svetozarevo cable factory]. PMID- 6531723 TI - [Roentgen diagnosis of acute ileus]. PMID- 6531724 TI - [Neurologic manifestations in acquired toxoplasmosis]. PMID- 6531725 TI - [Acute renal insufficiency in hypokalemic nephropathy]. PMID- 6531726 TI - [Post-traumatic hematoma of the lung]. PMID- 6531727 TI - [Cervical pregnancy treated by ligation of the descending branch of the uterine artery]. PMID- 6531728 TI - [Timely photocoagulation--the modern method of choice in the treatment of diabetic retinopathy]. PMID- 6531729 TI - [Complications of long-term levodopa therapy in Parkinson's disease]. PMID- 6531730 TI - [Possibilities of early testing of hearing in children under 1 year of age]. PMID- 6531732 TI - Incomes of the aged and nonaged, 1950-82. AB - This article discusses the results of previous studies, both supportive and nonsupportive of the conclusion that the aged are as well-off as the nonaged, and then presents a range of figures from Bureau of the Census reports over the period 1950-82 that measure both the incomes of the aged and nonaged and those of subgroups within these populations. Census figures indicate that the aged and nonaged have about equal levels of average per capita family income and that about the same proportions of these groups have incomes below the poverty line. However, aged unrelated individuals, who account for about a third of all aged persons, have less than three-fifths the income of nonaged unrelated individuals. When the per capita family income of the aged is compared separately with that of families headed by persons aged 25-44 and 45-64, aged persons receive more than those under age 45 but less than those aged 45-64. Trends in the economic status of the aged and nonaged over the period 1950-82 indicate numerous fluctuations rather than a consistent improvement in the income of either group in relation to the other. PMID- 6531731 TI - [Surgical interventions in patients with hemophilia]. PMID- 6531734 TI - [Comparative bioavailability of 3 oral forms of metapramine in healthy volunteers]. PMID- 6531733 TI - [Effects of aminophylline and atropine on nodal block induced by adenosine triphosphate]. PMID- 6531735 TI - [Inactivation of isoniazid in children]. PMID- 6531736 TI - [Chronokinetics in steady state of a sustained-release theophylline]. PMID- 6531737 TI - [Application of spectrum analysis of equilibration recordings (posturography) in clinical pharmacology of vindeburnol]. PMID- 6531738 TI - [Clinical evaluation of anti-asthenic drugs. Proposals for a study methodology]. PMID- 6531739 TI - [Drug prescription in Aquitania. Results of a pre-survey among general practitioners]. PMID- 6531740 TI - [Treatment of asthma with a new sympathomimetic clenbuterol. Respiratory and Holter electrocardiographic surveillance]. PMID- 6531741 TI - [Myasthenia during treatment of rheumatoid polyarthritis with D-penicillamine]. PMID- 6531742 TI - [Polymyositis induced by D-penicillamine]. PMID- 6531743 TI - [Withdrawal of barbiturates]. PMID- 6531744 TI - [Drug pneumopathy. Early anatomo-pathologic study]. PMID- 6531745 TI - [Fever induced by nomifensine (Alival)]. PMID- 6531746 TI - [Agranulocytosis and aprindine]. PMID- 6531747 TI - Examination of certain coagulation factors in menstrual fluid from women with normal blood loss. AB - Examination of coagulation factors in menstrual fluid collected from women with normal menstrual blood less (less than 80 ml) showed the absence of thrombin generating enzymes. Factor X, pro-thrombin and free thrombin were absent from menstrual fluid. No difference was found between days 1 and 2 of menstruation. Thus activation of coagulation enzymes occurs during normal menstruation though the menstrual blood is characteristically fluid. PMID- 6531748 TI - Indium-111-labelled human platelets: a method for use in severe thrombocytopenia. AB - We describe and evaluate a simple method for labelling autologous human platelets with Indium-111-oxine in patients with severe thrombocytopenia. Twenty patients with immune thrombocytopenia and platelet counts ranging from 5 to 119 X 10(9)/1 were investigated. Platelets were isolated from blood by differential centrifugation, residual platelets were repeatedly washed from the red cell layer and buffy coat and labelled with In 111 in saline. A mean of 55% +/- 21 of platelets were harvested from the blood, labelled with 49% +/- 24 efficiency and 15.8 X 10(8) labelled platelets reinjected to the patients. Contamination of the platelets with red cells and plasma was low. The labelled platelets were viable as assessed by in vitro aggregation, recovery in the circulation and mean survival time. This method permits quantitative platelet imaging with autologous labelled platelets in patients with severe thrombocytopenia. PMID- 6531749 TI - A Glanzmann's thrombasthenia cluster among Iraqi Jews in Israel. AB - A country-wide survey of Glanzmann's thrombasthenia in Israel identified 44 patients. The patients belong to 23 unrelated families, 17 of whom are of Iraqi Jewish origin. The frequency of thrombasthenia among Iraqi Jews in Israel (total population 270,000) is 1:7714 and thus the calculated frequency of the carrier state is 2.3%. PMID- 6531750 TI - Influence of some plasma fatty acids on the phospholipid fatty acid pattern of human platelets--an "ex vivo" experience. AB - Some correlations between plasma and platelet fatty acids (FA) were evaluated "ex vivo" in 94 normal subjects. The highest relationships between total FA from plasma and platelets were found for 18:1 (r = 0.74) and 18:2 (r = 0.67). Low correlations were obtained for free fatty acids (FFA). The most significant correlations between fatty acids esterifying plasma and platelet phospholipids were found for the 18:1 (r = 0.66); 18:2 (r = 0.74) and 20:5 (r = 0.66). Our results suggest that the platelet phospholipid FA could be more easily modified by plasma variation in the FA composition of phospholipids than by variations in the plasma FA composition of the FFA fraction. In addition, the incorporation of FA from plasma into the platelet phospholipids "in vivo" may take place through an acylation-deacylation process and also by the incorporation of whole plasma phospholipid molecules into the platelets, probably through an exchange of plasma lipoproteins and platelets. Finally, arachidonic acid seems to have a different and selective way of incorporation into platelet phospholipids. PMID- 6531752 TI - Assessment of anti-streptokinase antibody levels in human sera using a microradioimmunoassay procedure. AB - A high capacity, quantitative radioimmunoassay procedure has been developed to measure IgG antibodies to streptokinase (SK) in human serum. Results showed that the use of low concentrations of 125I-SK (100 ng/ml) and ambient temperature incubation conditions minimised degradation of the target labelled antigen and afforded antibody binding values which could be confidently related to the native intact SK protein. SK-complexed to plasminogen was also shown to retain the equivalent antigenic activity of native SK. Comparison of the absolute anti-SK levels with streptokinase resistance titres demonstrated that the two measurements of antibody correlated statistically but afforded quantitatively poor agreements. A survey of IgG levels to SK in sera from 93 normal healthy volunteers showed that all individuals displayed readily measurable anti-SK antibodies, with some 80% having IgG concentration capable of binding in excess of 1 microgram SK per ml serum. PMID- 6531751 TI - Studies on prothrombin complex concentrates contact factors, complement components and proteinase inhibitors. AB - The behaviour of contact factors, complement components and antiproteases during the preparation of prothrombin complex concentrates by adsorption of the clotting components on DEAE-Sephadex has been studied. The pro-enzymes: factors XII, XI and prekallikrein were removed by pre-elution in function of the salt concentration. In contrast, high molecular weight kininogen was considerably enriched in PCC preparations. C4 of the complement system displayed an analogous behaviour. C1s reached a 4-5 fold plasma concentration but C3 only 30% of the normal plasma level. The prothrombin complex concentrate contained no antithrombin III nor alpha 2M nor alpha 2 antiplasmin but a three fold plasma concentration of C1-inactivator and a 15 fold increase of inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor. NAPTT (Non Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time) ratios did not seem to be in accordance with either the presence or the absence of contact enzymes. Moreover 0.20 M NaCl appeared as the minimal pre-elution molarity necessary to ensure a NAPTT ratio above thrombogenic values. Molecular alteration of high molecular weight kininogen and C4 was observed and its significance discussed. Complex formation between C1-inactivator and proteases was shown to be another sign of undesirable proteolytic events. PMID- 6531753 TI - Abnormalities of epinephrine-induced platelet aggregation and adenine nucleotides in myeloproliferative disorders. AB - Platelet aggregation was studied in 18 patients with myeloproliferative disorders, including 14 patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia, 2 with polycythemia vera, 1 with myelofibrosis and 1 with thrombocythemia. Fourteen patients (78%) were abnormal in epinephrine-induced platelet aggregation, while 3 (17%) and 4 (22%) cases showed impaired ADP or collagen induced platelet aggregation, respectively. A significant decrease of total ADP content in resting unstimulated platelets and of the amount released to the medium after aggregation was found in all six patients who were evaluated. ATP and AMP in resting platelets tended to be slightly higher in patients compared with the control group. Released ATP was also significantly less, and the percentage release of ADP and ATP was significantly decreased in patients. A storage pool deficiency of adenine nucleotides was considered to be responsible for abnormal platelet function in patients with myeloproliferative disorders. PMID- 6531754 TI - High fibrinopeptide A (FPA) levels in acute non-lymphocytic leukemia are reduced by heparin administration. AB - Plasma levels of fibrinopeptide A (FPA) in 30 untreated patients with acute non lymphocytic leukemia (ANLL) were significantly higher than in 30 healthy controls (p less than 0.001). Patients without laboratory signs of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) had levels of FPA higher than controls (p less than 0.02) but markedly lower than patients with DIC (p less than 0.001). Five patients with M3 leukemia had a higher mean FPA level (p less than 0.02) and a lower peripheral blast cell count (p less than 0.05) than patients with other cytological subtypes of ANLL. When patients with M3 were excluded, a significant correlation was observed between the peripheral blast cell counts and the FPA levels (r = 0.66, p less than 0.001). FPA levels were similar with body temperature either above or below 38 degrees C. After intravenous bolus of heparin FPA dropped to normal levels in 14 out of 17 patients who had high baseline values. These findings indicate that intravascular thrombin formation, which probably result from the expression of procoagulant activities of blast cells, is the main cause of high FPA in the majority of patients with acute non lymphocytic leukemia. PMID- 6531755 TI - Inhibition of platelet production induced by an antiplatelet drug, anagrelide, in normal volunteers. AB - Administration of anagrelide, an antiplatelet agent, to ten normal male subjects was accompanied by an asymptomatic fall in platelet count. The drop was gradual and usually occurred within two weeks. Only a slight shortening of platelet survival was seen. Bone marrow morphology appeared normal. Measurement of platelet production rates showed a reduced response to thrombocytopenia. A substantial increase in the percentage of large platelets was observed in drug treated subjects. These observations are compatible with a selective inhibition of platelet production. Based upon these findings, the use of anagrelide will probably be best limited to short-term applications or to conditions where selective lowering of platelet count may be desired such as in polycythemia rubra vera or idiopathic thrombocytosis. PMID- 6531756 TI - The calibration of the second primary international reference preparation for thromboplastin (thromboplastin, human, plain, coded BCT/253). AB - An international collaborative exercise has been undertaken to calibrate a replacement for the first WHO primary international reference preparation (IRP) for thromboplastin. The replacement preparation is a lyophilised batch of British Comparative Thromboplastin (BCT/253, human plain) for use in the Quick prothrombin time test. Seventeen centres participated. The experimental design, calibration model and statistical analysis were based on the recommended WHO procedure. As a result of this calibration exercise an International Sensitivity Index (ISI) of 1.1 has been assigned to the preparation by WHO and it has been officially recognised as the second primary IRP for thromboplastin. The calibration of BCT/253 is an essential link in a new hierarchical structure for the standardisation of the prothrombin time. The aim is to provide a uniform international system of reporting prothrombin time results using International Normalised Ratios (INR) derived from the ISI of individual thromboplastins. PMID- 6531757 TI - Defective fibrin crosslinking in acute leukemia. AB - Fibrin crosslinking was assayed in 22 patients with acute leukemia showing secondary coagulation abnormalities of variable severity. In 9 patients fibrin crosslinking was found to be normal, whereas 10 patients presented impaired polymerization of alpha-chains and 3 of both alpha- and gamma-chains. Only a rough correlation was found between transamidating activity of factor XIII and the fibrin crosslinking pattern in these patients. Moreover, incomplete fibrin crosslinkage occurred at levels of factor XIII far in excess of that required for full polymerization of fibrin in "normal" plasma. This latter finding suggests that, in addition to factor XIII deficiency, other causes are responsible for the high rate of fibrin crosslinking impairment in acute leukemia. PMID- 6531758 TI - Factors influencing the separation of glu-plasminogen affinity forms I and II by affinity chromatography. AB - Native human plasminogen, the proenzyme of plasmin (E.C. 3.4.21.7) occurs in blood in two well defined forms, affinity forms I and II. In this paper, the feasibility of separating these forms of human native plasminogen by affinity chromatography, is shown to be dependent on two factors: 1) the ionic composition of the buffer containing the displacing agent: buffers of varying contents of sodium, Tris, phosphate and chloride ions were compared, and 2) the type of adsorbent. Two adsorbents were compared: Sepharose-lysine and Sepharose bisoxirane-lysine. Only in the phosphate containing buffers, irrespective of the type of adsorbent, the affinity forms can be separated. The influence of the adsorbent can be accounted for by a large difference in dissociation constants of the complex between plasminogen and the immobilized lysine. PMID- 6531759 TI - Improved assay conditions for automated antithrombin III determinations with the chromogenic substrate S-2238. AB - Assays for antithrombin III activity using the chromogenic substrate S-2238 were automated in various modifications on various instruments. Standard curves for the assay showed a deviating "0% point" in several but not all modifications. Addition of polyethylene glycol 6000/8000 (0.40-1.0%) minimizes this deviation. However, the deviation of the 0% point was not completely abolished in every modification of the test. Examination of Lineweaver-Burk plots showed nonlinearity at high concentrations of S-2238 as used in the antithrombin III assays. Addition of Tween-80 (0.01%) restores the Lineweaver-Burk plot and, at the same time, the standard curve in the assays is found to be linear. Therefore, we recommend the use of PEG 6000/8000 as well as Tween-80 in automated assay systems. PMID- 6531760 TI - Standardization of collagen: consideration of current practices in testing collagen-induced aggregation. PMID- 6531761 TI - Heparin therapy in the primary phase of amniotic fluid embolism. PMID- 6531762 TI - Non-enzymatic glycosylation reduces antithrombin III activity. PMID- 6531763 TI - The "aspirin dilemma": new points for discussion. PMID- 6531764 TI - The effects of catecholamines on circulating levels of antithrombin III in the rat. PMID- 6531765 TI - Surgical trauma and venous thrombosis in total hip replacement. PMID- 6531766 TI - [Child accidents. A study of the pattern of accidents and injuries in children treated at the Trondheim County Hospital]. PMID- 6531767 TI - [Child accidents. A comparative study of children treated in Oslo and Troms]. PMID- 6531768 TI - [Femoral shaft fractures in children. 5-year case material]. PMID- 6531770 TI - [New aspects of bilirubin]. PMID- 6531769 TI - [Primary treatment of traumatic spinal injuries. Consequences for rehabilitation]. PMID- 6531771 TI - [Production of leukocyte-poor blood. Experience with new disposable filters]. PMID- 6531772 TI - [Vesico-ureteral reflux in children]. PMID- 6531773 TI - [Gonorrhea. Social conditions of a group of gonorrhea patients]. PMID- 6531774 TI - [Treatment of advanced breast cancer with aminoglutethimide]. PMID- 6531775 TI - Blood transfusions and immunization. PMID- 6531776 TI - The charge distribution in the rough endoplasmic reticulum/Golgi complex transitional area investigated by microinjection of charged tracers. AB - The distribution of microinjected ferritin, ranging in charge from anionic to highly cationic, has been used to indicate differences in surface charge on the rough endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi complex of intact cells. Highly cationic ferritins (HCF)(HCF1, pI 7.9-9.1; HCF2, pI 8.5-9.4; and HCF3.pI 9.5 10.1) were mostly bound and caused swelling of the rough endoplasmic reticulum. Cationic ferritin (CF) (pI 7.0-8.0) and anionic ferritin (AF) (pI 4.0-4.4) caused no changes in morphology. The distribution of these ferritins in the cytoplasmic space varied with their charge. Significantly more CF was bound to surfaces than was found in the free cytoplasmic space. Conversely, there was significantly more AF in the free cytoplasmic space than close to surfaces. Therefore, the intracellular surfaces are negatively charged. Comparison of the structures in the secretory pathway showed no differences in ferritin binding to transition vesicles, rough endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi saccules or secretory vesicles. The Golgi complex beads are not distinguished by their charge. It is therefore unlikely that charge differences play a role in regulating membrane-membrane interactions in this region of the secretory pathway. PMID- 6531777 TI - Type, location and role of glycosaminoglycans in cloned differentiated chick retinal pigmented epithelium. AB - In clonal culture, colonies of 3-4 week old chick retinal pigmented epithelial cells exhibit Alcian Blue positive extracellular matrix (ECM) material on the surface of the cells. Alcian blue positive ECM is located between undifferentiated cells at the edges of the disc-shaped colonies and beneath the differentiated cells in the colony center. The latter material is associated with the basement membrane. The staining properties suggest that glycosaminoglycans (GAG) are present in these regions. Extraction of GAG from homogenates of colonies, followed by electrophoresis on cellulose acetate strips, results in three bands with mobilities similar to those of hyaluronic acid, heparan sulfate, and chondroitin sulfate, respectively. All three bands label with [3H]glucosamine, and the last two also label with [35S]sulfate. The composition appeared to differ when colonies were grown in different media. Digestion of the GAG preparations with various enzymes suggests that bands II and III represent heparan sulfate and chondroitin sulfate, respectively, in colonies grown in Ham's F10g medium. The composition of band I is as yet undetermined. In minimal Eagle's medium (MEM), bands I and III consisted of hyaluronic acid and chondroitin sulfate, respectively, while band II had properties suggestive of a copolymer of heparan sulfate and an unidentified GAG. Cells release only one [3H]glucosamine labelled GAG into the medium. This material has a mobility similar to hyaluronic acid and is digested by Streptomyces hyaluronidase, suggesting that it is hyaluronic acid. Staining with Alcian Blue at different pH suggests that it may represent the material associated with the upper surface of the cells. Some of the ECM located between the undifferentiated cells and associated with the basement membrane in the differentiated regions of the colonies stains with Alcian Blue at pH 1.0 and 0.2 suggesting that it may contain GAGs found in bands I and II. Colonies treated with medium containing 6-diazo-5-oxo-L-norleucine (DON), an inhibitor of GAG synthesis, for 48 hr showed a reduced Alcian Blue staining of the ECM in the undifferentiated regions. After 72 hr of treatment with DON, the undifferentiated cells had detached from the plate, whereas the differentiated cells remained intact. The results suggest that the GAG may be involved in cellular adhesion, particularly of the undifferentiated cells. PMID- 6531778 TI - Lamellar bodies in differentiating insect tissues during basal lamina formation as revealed by tannic acid. AB - Tannic acid penetrates differentiating tissues differentially resulting in variable contrast, extraction and dense bodies with a lamellar substructure. The penetrability appears to correlate with the existence and/or robustness of a basal lamina. In the male genital tract, probably of mesodermal origin, tannic acid penetrates the epithelium until there is a basal lamina, but in the ectodermal bursa copulatrix it does not penetrate since there is always a basal lamina. The lamellae of the dense bodies have a center-to-center spacing of 4.65 +/- 0.025 nm, dimensions which resemble those of phospholipids. PMID- 6531779 TI - Crustecdysone-induced modulation of electrical coupling and gap junction structure in crayfish hepatopancreatocytes. AB - Crustecdysone, the hormone responsible for onset and regulation of the molt cycle in Crustacea, causes an increase in ionic coupling of cells of the hepatopancreas concomitant with the events of the molt. Hepatopancreatic tissue incubated for up to 4 hr in modified Eagle Basal Medium containing crustecdysone, exhibited an approximate 29% decrease in intercellular resistance as compared with tissue incubated in control medium. This represents a 29% increase in ionic coupling between hepatopancreatocytes following treatment with crustecdysone. Examination of platinum replicas of freeze-fractured, crustecdysone-treated hepatocyte plasma membrane revealed that most of the gap junction plaques were round with tightly packed intramembrane particles; a condition indicative of highly coupled cells. Similar preparations of control plasmalemmae demonstrated many gap junction plaques which were round or irregular in shape with very loosely packed particles and were indicative of uncoupled junctions. Results of this study are identical to those from a previous investigation of the electrophysiology and freeze fracture morphology of hepatopancreatocytes during the molt cycle (McVicar and Shivers, 1984), and are thus presumed to reflect a crustecdysone-controlled increase in cell communications in vivo. PMID- 6531780 TI - Atypical 'fibrillar' flight muscle in strepsiptera. AB - The fine structure of the principal and ancillary metathoracic flight muscle fibres in the adult male of a strepsipteran, Elenchus tenuicornis, is described. Power-producing dorsal longitudinal and dorso-ventral flight muscles show features consistent with myoneural asynchrony: myofibrils are large and discrete and are separated by large closely packed mitochondria; the sarcoplasmic reticulum is very reduced but engages with T-system membranes in dyads at the mid sarcomere H-band level. With respect to other asynchronous insect flight muscles, the fibres of Elenchus are anomalous (i) in the small fibre diameter, (ii) in the variable contour of the myofibrils and (iii) in the absence of tracheolar invagination. The functional significance of these structural features is discussed. Ancillary metathoracic muscles are structurally comparable with other synchronous fibres in possessing an extensive SR compartment. Structural evidence for asynchrony in the flight mechanism of Strepsiptera is considered in the context of the evolution of this mechanism throughout the insect Orders. PMID- 6531781 TI - The ultrastructure of the lens of the cephalopod Sepiola: a scanning electron microscopic study. AB - The ultrastructure of the eye lens of Sepiola atlantica was investigated using scanning electron microscopy. The main lens elements in both the anterior and posterior half of the Sepiola lens are plate-like configurations with fiber-like extensions at their margins. Anteriorly the plates are plano-convex, posteriorly subspherical. The central, primordial, posterior plates are spherical with no marginal extensions. The plates are mutually anchored by protrusions and invaginations and by push-button attachments. The posterior and anterior halves are separated by a septum which consists of concentric zones of radially orientated elongated cells. The marginal extensions of the plates and the septal elements are closely associated. The unique structure of the septum makes it a good candidate for the high resistance barrier between the posterior and anterior halves of the Sepiola lens (Jacob and Duncan, 1981). PMID- 6531782 TI - Novel organelle associations in photoreceptors of a serpulid polychaete worm. AB - Cerebral and branchial eyes of serpulid polychaetes have been studied by electron microscopy for the first time. In one species both eye types possess a novel ultrastructure. The receptor cells of the simple cerebral ocelli are rhabdomeric and display a close structural and functional relationship between ciliary rootlets and mitochondria. The receptors of the compound branchial eyes contain both a rhabdom and a stack of photosensitive ciliary membranes. PMID- 6531783 TI - ELISA for salivary and plasma estriol in pregnancy. AB - A competitive, sensitive, and rapid enzyme-linked immunoadsorbent assay (ELISA) was developed for the determination of estriol in saliva and in plasma. Horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was used as the label enzyme; separation between free and bound steroid was carried out by insolubilized antibody prepared by adsorbing purified IgG of rabbit anti-6-oxoestriol-6-(O-carboxymethyl)oxime-BSA on polystyrene balls. The enzyme activity was measured by a colorimetric reaction using o-phenylenediamine dihydrochloride and hydrogen peroxide as substrate. The sensitivity of the assay was 12 pg/tube. In order to compare ELISA to RIA estriol estimations in different biological fluids, we selected six women during normal pregnancy, from the 30th to the 40th week of gestation. Salivary estriol was assayed by direct and extraction methods, while the corresponding plasma samples of the same subjects were analyzed only for unconjugated estriol by an extraction method. A good agreement was found between the results obtained by RIA and ELISA: r = 0.897, p less than 0.001 between direct RIA and direct ELISA in saliva; r = 0.909, p less than 0.001 between extraction RIA and direct ELISA in saliva; and r = 0.916, p less than 0.001 between extraction RIA and extraction ELISA in plasma. A good correlation (r = 0.793, p less than 0.001) was present between plasma samples by RIA and saliva samples by ELISA (direct method). These results indicate that: ELISA is a reliable method for the determination of estriol in plasma and saliva. Saliva samples can be used for the assay of estriol and therefore for the assessment of fetal conditions during pregnancy. PMID- 6531784 TI - Difference in extractability of estradiol- and tamoxifen-receptor complex in the nuclei from MCF-7 cells with Nonidet P-40. AB - The extraction of [3H]estradiol- and [3H]tamoxifen-receptor complex in the nuclei from MCF-7 cells with the nonionic detergent Nonidet P-40 has been studied. We found that there is a striking difference in the extractability of estradiol- and tamoxifen-receptor complex from nuclei with 0.5% Nonidet P-40. The nuclear bound estradiol-receptor complex is scarcely extractable with Nonidet P-40. In contrast, almost all of the nuclear bound tamoxifen-receptor complex is extractable. The nuclear [3H]tamoxifen-receptor complex extracted in the presence of Nonidet P-40 sediments in two peaks at 7 S and 5 S. The latter sedimentation rate is the same with that of the nuclear [3H]tamoxifen-receptor complex extracted with 0.4 M KCl. The nuclear [3H]estradiol-receptor complex extracted with 0.4 M KCl sediments at 4 S. The results suggest that interaction of tamoxifen-receptor complex with chromatin is different from that of estradiol receptor complex. PMID- 6531785 TI - An efficient synthesis of 3 alpha-hydroxy-5 alpha-pregna-9(11),16-diene-20-one. AB - 3 alpha-Hydroxy-5 alpha-pregna-9(11),16-diene-20-one (6) was synthesized for the first time from the commercially available 16,17 alpha-epoxy-3 beta-hydroxy-5 pregnen-20-one(1) in several steps. The key step involves a remote chlorination reaction utilizing m-iodobenzoate group as a free-radical guide. PMID- 6531786 TI - The structure of 4',4''-diethylstilbestrol (DES) quinone. AB - The structure of 4',4''-diethylstilbestrol quinone (DES quinone), a short-lived metabolic intermediate of the synthetic estrogen E-diethylstilbestrol (DES), was investigated by 13C- and 1H-nmr. Selected homonuclear decoupling experiments were carried out to identify the carbons and protons with which resonances were associated. The 1H-nmr spectrum of DES quinone remained unchanged in the temperature range from 25 degrees C to 65 degrees C. The spectral results suggested the structure of DES quinone to be planar or time-averaged planar with the exception of the freely rotating ethyl groups. The conformation of this intermediate was found to be transoid without any indication of conversion through a cisoid conformation. The similarity of the 1H-nmr spectrum of 3',3'', 5',5''-tetrafluoro-4',4''-diethylstilbestrol quinone (TF-DES quinone) and that of the non-fluorinated parent suggested a high degree of structural similarity. The planar structures of the quinone intermediates differed from those of DES or Z,Z dienestrol which were not coplanar with respect to the aromatic ring systems. PMID- 6531787 TI - Metabolism of progesterone and testosterone by a Bacillus sp. AB - Microbial transformations by a Bacillus sp. were employed as a means of preparing potentially important derivatives of progesterone and testosterone. Each microbial metabolite was subjected to structure elucidation employing 1H and 13C nmr, mass spectral and cd analysis. Hplc was used for the determination of the percentages of the metabolites formed. The progesterone metabolites were characterised as 14-hydroxy-4-pregnene-3,20-dione (II), 14-hydroxy-5 alpha pregnane-3,6,20-trione (III), 11 alpha-hydroxy-5 alpha-pregnane-3, 6,20-trione (IV) and 11 alpha,14-dihydroxy-4-pregnene-3,20-dione (V). The testosterone analogs were identified as 4-androstene-3,17-dione (VII), 17 beta-hydroxy-5 alpha androstane-3,6-dione (VIII), 14-hydroxy-4-androstene-3,17-dione (IX) and 14, 17 beta-dihydroxy-4-androsten-3-one (X). The availability of the metabolites enabled complete elucidation of their 13C nmr spectra. PMID- 6531789 TI - Infiltration of liver and brain by tumor cells in leukemic mice: prevention by dimethyltriazenes and cyclophosphamide. AB - The dimethyltriazenes p-(3,3-dimethyl-1-triazeno)benzoic acid potassium salt (DM COOK) and 5-(3,3-dimethyl-1-triazeno)-imidazole-4-carboxamide (DTIC) increase, unlike cyclophosphamide (Cy), the survival time of mice bearing L1210 lymphoid leukemia, P388 lymphocytic leukemia and TLX5 lymphoma with a mechanism unrelated to cytotoxicity for tumor cells. The in vivo bioassays of brains, and the histologic examinations of the livers of leukemic mice show that DM-COOK and DTIC prevent leukemic infiltration in these organs at dosages devoid of cytotoxic effects for peritoneal tumor cells. At a dosage equitoxic with that of dimethyltriazenes, cyclophosphamide causes the absence of tumor cells in the peritoneal cavity and in the brains and livers of mice bearing P388 and L1210 leukemias. DM-COOK and DTIC thus possess a mild or insignificant cytotoxic action together with antimetastatic properties also on mouse transplantable leukemias. The use of DM-COOK appears advantageous over that of cyclophosphamide and DTIC because of a reduced host toxicity, which is particularly evident for cyclophosphamide and DTIC on liver parenchyma and bone marrow. PMID- 6531788 TI - Charcoal-catalyzed transfer of tritium into 3H2O from regiospecifically-labeled 2 hydroxyestradiol in the presence of thiols. AB - Charcoal was found to catalyze the release of 3H2O from [1-3H]2-hydroxyestradiol 17 beta ([1-3H]2-OHE2) or [4-3H]2-hydroxyestradiol-17 beta ([4-3H]2-OHE2) and this effect was shown to occur in the presence of glutathione or other thiols and to depend on the concentration of free steroid. The radiometric assay for measuring the formation of 3H2O was not affected significantly by subsequent treatment of the incubation mixture with charcoal if the ratio of steroid to tissue (rat brain or liver microsomes) was low and only initial rates of 3H release were measured. 2-Hydroxyestradiol did not show the charcoal effect in the presence of tyrosinase, either when it was generated from its parent estrogen or added to the enzyme. The formation of 3H2O from [4-3H]2-OHE2 in the presence of glutathione was inhibited by ascorbic acid but the addition of dextran or albumin did not protect the catechol estrogen from the charcoal-catalyzed loss of tritium. The reaction with glutathione and charcoal occurred even at 4 degrees C but other adsorbants such as alumina, silica or hydroxylapatite were without effect. PMID- 6531790 TI - Spontaneous and urethan-induced tumor incidence in B6C3F1 versus B6CF1 mice. AB - The incidences of spontaneous tumors of the murine hybrids (C57BL/6J X C3Hf)F1 (B6C3F1) and (C57BL/6J X BALB/c)F1 (B6CF1) were compared in untreated mice kept until 110 weeks of age. Male B6C3F1 and B6CF1 mice had respectively 16% and 20% incidence of lymphomas, 26% and 4% of liver tumors and 12% and 22% of lung tumors. Among B6C3F1 and B6CF1 females, a 36% and 12% incidence of lymphomas, a 6% and zero incidence of liver tumors, and a 4% and 16% of lung tumors were observed. A few other tumors were seen in both hybrids. Groups of male and female mice of the 2 hybrids received 5 i.p. injections of 1000 mg/kg urethan once every other day starting at 10 days of age, and were kept under observation until 65-80 weeks of age. Treated B6C3F1 mice had an earlier mortality than B6CF1 mice due to tumor development. The statistical analysis, allowing for survival, showed a significantly higher lymphoma incidence in male and female B6C3F1 than B6CF1 mice, which had instead a higher incidence of lung tumors. Hepatocellular tumors were seen in both sexes of the 2 hybrids, with a higher frequency in B6C3F1 mice. Male mice of both hybrids had a higher incidence of liver tumors than females. PMID- 6531791 TI - Pharmacokinetics of nitrosoureas: levels of 1,3-bis-(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea (BCNU) in organs of normal and Walker 256/B carcinoma bearing rats after i.v. bolus. AB - The disappearance of 1,3-bis(2-chlorethyl)-1-nitrosourea (BCNU) from plasma, liver, kidney, lung, brain, spleen, tumor tissue and epididymal adipose tissue of Walker 256/B carcinoma-bearing rats and healthy animals was measured by differential pulse polarography after i.v. bolus of the drug. Only BCNU, not its decomposition products, was detected by the polarographic assay. Levels of BCNU in liver of tumor-bearing animals were significantly lower (about 10 times) than those on healthy rats. A bi-exponential fit was used to calculate the kinetics of BCNU in plasma, kidney, lung and brain, but no difference could be found between healthy and Walker tumor-bearing rats. BCNU disappeared faster from adipose tissue of tumor-bearing animals than from normals. PMID- 6531792 TI - Pharmacokinetics of nitrosoureas: comparison of 1,3-bis-(2-chloroethyl)-1 nitrosourea (BCNU) and 1-(2-chloroethyl)-3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) after oral and intravenous administration to rats. AB - Differential pulse polarographic assay of intact nitrosoureas revealed the lower bioavailability of CCNU (1-(2-chloroethyl)-3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea) in stomach and liver after oral administration to rats in comparison to BCNU (1,3-bis-(2 chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea); blood levels of CCNU were below the detection limit of the method (20 ng). After i.v. bolus the CCNU concentration in plasma fell faster than that of BCNU. The rate of CCNU decomposition during incubation with blood at 37 degrees C was 3 times lower than that of BCNU. PMID- 6531793 TI - Heterogeneity in the phenotypic profile of cerebriform cells from a patient with Sezary syndrome. AB - This paper reports the results of a series of light and electron microscopic, cytochemical, immunologic and cytogenetic investigations performed in a patient with Sezary syndrome. Fifty-two percent of the cerebriform cells were OKIa-1 positive and 55% were acid alpha-naphthyl-acetate esterase (ANAE) negative. Since activated T-lymphocytes are known to lose their peculiar ANAE activity while acquiring Ia-like antigens, it is conceivable that the ANAE-negative and OKIa-1 positive cells represent an in vivo activated subset. Thus, it appears that a typical Sezary cell population from a given individual can exhibit heterogeneous phenotypic profiles. PMID- 6531794 TI - A report of seven long survivors for evidence of prognostic factors in hairy cell leukemia. AB - The clinical hematologic and pathologic findings of 30 patients with hairy cell leukemia observed between 1966 and 1979 were studied. Twelve patients had long lasting course of the disease. Seven of them displayed a survival greater than or equal to 120 months, whereas 18 patients died within 36 months of the diagnosis. Their clinical and laboratory characteristics (age of onset, sex, ESR, hemoglobin, WBC, neutrophils, monocytes, platelets, spleen and liver size) were analyzed to ascertain possible prognostic features. Multivariate discriminant analysis, performed both with a direct method and with a stepwise method (Wilks' method), provided a discriminant function able to correctly predict the prognosis of the disease in 83.3% of the examined cases. Spleen size, neutrophil count, age of onset, ESR and liver size turned out to be the most important prognostic factors; in contrast, splenectomy did not significantly affect the prognosis in our cases. PMID- 6531795 TI - Circulating levels and breast cyst fluid concentrations of human chorionic gonadotropin, progesterone and testosterone in women with gross cystic breast disease. AB - Circulating levels and cyst fluid concentrations of human chorionic gonadotropin, progesterone and testosterone were measured in 30 premenopausal women with gross cystic breast disease. Specific radioimmunoassay procedures were used. Amounts of human chorionic gonadotropin exceeding 5.0 mIU/ml were found in cyst fluid of many patients, but not in serum. Progesterone and testosterone concentrations in breast cyst fluid were significantly higher than in serum (p less than 0.01 and p less than 0.001, respectively). PMID- 6531796 TI - Morbidity following prophylactic and therapeutic lymph node dissection for melanoma--a comparison. AB - Between 1976 and 1982, 110 isolated regional lymph node dissections (RLND) for melanoma were performed as a prophylactic procedure (PLND) in 44 and therapeutic procedure (TLND) in 64 patients. The prevalence of metastases was 20% in the PLND group. The number of patients with complications in the PLND were 17/44 (39%) and in the TLND 39/64 (61%). Local wound complications dominated. Serum collections occurred in 25% of PLND patients and 45% of TLND patients (p less than 0.05), and infections, skin necrosis, and cellulitis in respectively 11% and 22%. The incidence of lymphedema was 10% in PLND and 23% in TLND patients. Regarding the anatomic sites, there were significantly more seromas after axillary dissection in TLND patients compared with PLND patients (p less than 0.05). However, no difference was observed between groin dissections in the 2 groups. The socioeconomic effects in terms of hospital stay and further therapeutic measures were pronounced when complications occurred. PMID- 6531797 TI - Sequential combination chemotherapy with methotrexate and 5-fluorouracil in advanced colorectal carcinoma. AB - Twenty patients bearing advanced colorectal carcinoma, confirmed by histology, were evaluated after undergoing a sequential chemotherapeutic schedule which consisted of methotrexate, 200 mg/m2 in intravenous infusion during 4 h followed 1 h later by 5-fluorouracil, 600 mg/m2 in intravenous bolus. Twenty hours after ending the MTX administration, leucovorine, 14 mg/m2, was given intramuscularly every 6 h, in 8 doses. Courses were repeated every 15 days. Of 20 patients, 3 bearing colon carcinoma, without previous radiotherapy or chemotherapy, had a partial response. No change was registered in 6 cases. There was no significant difference in the survival of responders, those with stable illness and those with progression. Results were no better than those obtained with 5-fluorouracil used as a single drug and are in agreement with studies that established a 1-h interval between the administration of both drugs. PMID- 6531798 TI - Bladder urethral dysfunction after abdominoperineal resection of the rectum for ano-rectal cancer. AB - We prospectively studied bladder and urethral function in 44 patients before and after abdominoperineal resection of the rectum for ano-rectal cancer. The patients were investigated with the following examinations: combined cystometry and electromyography, urethral pressure profile measurement, urecholine denervation test, urine culture, urethrogram and residual urine measurement after voiding. Urodynamic results after surgery demonstrated the partial or total denervation of the detrusor muscle with bladder areflexia in the 54% of the cases, the decrease in the urethral pressure profile in the 48% of the cases, and the absence of detrusor sphincter dyssynergia in all cases. Urethrogram results showed a high incidence of bladder dislocation into the presacral space (36%). Urine cultures were frequently positive in 52% of the patients. Most patients (52%) had difficulty in voiding with high residual urine and/or stress incontinence (4.5%). All the patients received an early rehabilitative treatment with kinesitherapy and/or pharmacologic therapy after bladder catheter removal and after urodynamic results. The patients with neurogenic bladder with residual urine volume had satisfactory functional recovery of the activity. PMID- 6531799 TI - Myxoid leiomyosarcoma of the uterus--a case report with light microscopic and ultrastructural appraisal. AB - A case of an infiltrating myxopolypoid tumor of the uterus is presented. Histologically, the tumor revealed spindle-shaped cells with mitotic counts ranging between 1-4/hpf, myxoid stroma, and multinucleated giant cells mimicking syncitial giant cells of pregnancy trophoblast. Conventional light microscopic methods failed to establish the histogenesis of the tumor. At the ultrastructural level the tumor showed three main cellular components; myoblasts, myofibroblasts and collagen-producing fibroblasts. On the basis of light microscopic and electron microscopic findings, the tumor was labelled myxoid leiomyosarcoma. This variant of leiomyosarcoma is rare. This is the seventh case reported in the international literature. PMID- 6531800 TI - [Antitubercular agents and hepatic complications]. PMID- 6531801 TI - [20 cases of bilio-digestive fistulae of calculous origin]. PMID- 6531802 TI - [Malignant histiocytosis with predominantly hepatic manifestations (apropos of a case)]. PMID- 6531803 TI - [Our management of arrested pregnancies in the 2d and 3d trimesters of pregnancy]. PMID- 6531804 TI - [Urinary lithiasis in children]. PMID- 6531805 TI - [Dermatoses and pregnancy]. PMID- 6531806 TI - [Postoperative peritonitis. Analytic study of 26 cases]. PMID- 6531807 TI - [Polyp of the posterior urethra in the adult as a cause of complete bladder retention (apropos of a case)]. PMID- 6531808 TI - [The anaerobic threshold. Its application in the evaluation of cardiorespiratory capacity under effort in high-caliber athletes]. PMID- 6531809 TI - [Consanguinity and its effects in the Governorate of Bizerte]. PMID- 6531810 TI - [Cardiology 1984]. PMID- 6531811 TI - [Cardiovascular involvement in scleroderma]. PMID- 6531812 TI - [Cardiac localization of Hodgkin's disease: apropos of 2 cases]. PMID- 6531813 TI - [Contribution of peroperative choledoscopy to the surgery of lithiasis of the common bile duct]. PMID- 6531814 TI - [Cancer of the kidney in adults. Apropos of 60 cases]. PMID- 6531815 TI - [The in vitro activity of 4 aminosides on gram-negative bacteria]. PMID- 6531817 TI - [Psychogenic headaches or the history of a pain]. PMID- 6531816 TI - [Severity of acute appendicitis treated with antibiotics--apropos of 16 cases]. PMID- 6531818 TI - [Corticosterone and muscular effort in rats]. PMID- 6531819 TI - An analysis of three-dimensional reconstructive echocardiography. AB - Three-dimensional reconstructive echocardiography provides the necessary data for a complete description of cardiac structure and function. It is implemented using an inexpensive position locating device, a sector scanner, and a general purpose computer with attached image and graphics processors. Its application to the three-dimensional reconstruction of the endocardial surface yields a graphics display of a multiple tomographic slice ensemble. Quantitative applications include a more accurate Simpson's Rule volume calculation and centroid computations for wall motion and shape analysis. PMID- 6531820 TI - Procedure and principles in ultrasonically guided puncture. AB - It is the aim in ultrasonically guided puncture to place the tip of an appropriate needle safely and accurately in the suspect lesion or organ, vessel or duct. Thereby representative specimens of fluid or solid tissue are obtained, various agents, e.g. X-ray contrast media may be injected or catheters left for drainage. Simultaneous visualization of the target, the surrounding tissues, part of the needle and its tract has become possible with dynamic scanners of different types. The adjunct of needle steering devices significantly reduces the number of puncture attempts and in most cases the puncture route can be pre determined precisely, so that readjustment of the puncture direction is unnecessary, unless puncture of different sites in the target is directly intended. The practical performances of such punctures are described together with the necessary equipment and remedies. PMID- 6531821 TI - Ultrasonically guided puncture of solid pancreatic mass lesions. AB - Ultrasound scanning in combination with ultrasonically guided fine needle aspiration biopsy is a well established method in the evaluation of patients with suspected pancreatic cancer. Fine needle puncture should be performed when a solid mass lesion is outlined by ultrasound. The dynamic scanning technique provides the best identification of the biopsy needle during its insertion. In a series 203 patients including 126 with malignant mass lesions of the pancreas or malignant periampullary tumors from a 10 yr period, false negative cytological diagnoses occurred in 24%. Two false positive cytological diagnoses occurred in patients with chronic pancreatitis. The technique is most valuable in the demonstration of cancer of the pancreas or of the periampullary region (pVpos = 98%) but less valuable in the exclusion of malignancy (pVneg = 69%). PMID- 6531822 TI - Ultrasonically guided cholangiography and bile drainage. AB - Ultrasonically guided percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (UG-PTC), bile drainage (UG-PTBD) and gallbladder drainage procedure (UG-PTGBD), developed by us, were performed in 47, 183 and 36 patients, respectively. In 47 patients UG PTC was successfully performed 51 times without complications. By UG-PTBD 220 intubations were carried out successfully and four attempts failed (1.8%). The main complication was that the catheter slipped out from the bile duct. It was experienced 27 times (12.3%) in 23 patients (12.4%) from two to 47 days after intubation. UG-PTGBD was successfully performed 36 times. Bleeding from the catheter was experienced in four patients. However, other complications such as cholascos were not experienced. Due to the development of ultrasonic diagnosis and the UG-PTBD procedure, the indications for percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC) are now limited. For differentiation of jaundice, ultrasonic examination takes over from PTC. For preparation of PTBD, thin needle cholangiography is no longer necessary because UG-PTBD is a single-step procedure without the need for cholangiography. Therefore, the indication for PTC is limited to patients with partial dilatation of intrahepatic bile ducts without jaundice, for example when only the left hepatic duct is dilated due to hepatolithiasis. PMID- 6531824 TI - The observation of distorted waveforms--nonlinear propagation or hydrophone overload? PMID- 6531823 TI - Ultrasonically guided aspiration of human oocytes. AB - Ultrasonically guided puncture of ovarian follicles was attempted in 125 menstrual cycles to collect oocytes for in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer. The punctures were performed through a full urinary bladder under local anesthesia on out-patients. A sector scanner with a puncture transducer guided a stainless steel needle and the follicular fluids were aspirated either in a chamber connected by tubings to a controlled vacuum and the needle or in a syringe attached directly to the needle. Follicles were punctured in all but 2 cycles and oocytes were collected in 80% of the cycles. A total of 287 follicles with diameters ranging from 14 to 30 mm were punctured. The oocyte recovery rate per follicle was 64%. The only complication was transient hematuria in 7 patients. PMID- 6531825 TI - Alcoholic Korsakoff's psychosis: a psychometric, neuroradiological and neurophysiological investigation of nine cases. AB - Nine patients who were admitted to Purdysburn Hospital with a clinical diagnosis of Korsakoff's psychosis were subjected to a series of psychometric tests, to electroencephalography (including P3 auditory evoked potential) and to computerised axial tomography. When compared with controls, the experimental group differed significantly in their psychometric scores in all but the comprehension, vocabulary and digit span subtests of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale. A significant negative correlation was found between scores on the Digit Symbol Subtest and the degree of temporal lobe atrophy (p < 0.01), and between Evans' Ratio and the Paired Associate Learning Test of the Wechsler Memory Scale (p < 0.05). The P3 auditory evoked potential correlated significantly with a poor performance on the Digit Symbol Subtest. In all cases, cortical atrophy co-existed with ventricular dilatation and in none was intellectual impairment confined to short-term memory. The traditional criteria used in arriving at a diagnosis of Korsakoff's psychosis are called into question. PMID- 6531826 TI - The role of gallium scanning in the detection of bone and joint sepsis. AB - The value of gallium ((67)Ga) scanning in the diagnosis of septic disease of bone or joint was assessed in 34 patients. The results show a sensitivity of 60 per cent and specificity of 64 per cent. The low accuracy of this method for the detection of bone and joint sepsis (62 per cent) means that gallium scanning can be used only as an adjunct to other investigative techniques. PMID- 6531827 TI - The use of Chinese herbs in abdominal surgery in obstetrics and gynaecology. PMID- 6531828 TI - Toxoplasmosis in Northern Ireland 1982-83. AB - During 1982-83, 1161 sera were examined for the presence of haemagglutinating antibodies against Toxoplasma gondii. The Indirect Haemagglutination Test (IHAT) was positive in 416 (35.8%). Fourteen patients were judged to be suffering from acute acquired toxoplasmosis (active disease). In addition, 11 patients were also found to have glandular fever. PMID- 6531829 TI - Drug overdoses--a three year study at Altnagelvin Hospital, Londonderry. PMID- 6531830 TI - The obstructed intussusception in childhood. AB - In intussusception in early childhood, reduction by barium enema is the treatment of choice. In late cases when there is air and fluid distension of the small bowel on plain x-ray, barium enema is less useful. Generally 20-25% of childhood intussusception presents in this way. We have reviewed the experience of 65 intussusceptions at the Royal Belfast Hospital for Sick Children over the past 5 years and found only one successful barium enema reduction in 22 obstructed intussusceptions. PMID- 6531831 TI - Towards painless orthopaedic surgery. AB - Almost one thousand patients underwent either total hip replacement or spinal surgery in which diamorphine 0.5-1.0 mg was injected intrathecally. Approximately one half of the arthroplasty patients and one third of the spinal patients required no other post-operative analgesia. In the remainder, analgesics were not required for 12 hours post-operatively. The benefits of the technique and possible complications are discussed. PMID- 6531832 TI - Hyponatraemia and hypothyroidism in the elderly--a case report and study. PMID- 6531833 TI - Isolated injury to the distal radioulnar joint. Case report and cadaver study. PMID- 6531834 TI - Management of severe theophylline overdosage by charcoal haemoperfusion. PMID- 6531835 TI - Lhermitte's sign as the presenting symptom of vitamin B12 deficiency. PMID- 6531836 TI - Aortocaval compression secondary to an ovarian cyst. PMID- 6531837 TI - Health care cost containment panel discussion. PMID- 6531838 TI - Supplementary observations on the 1979 Build and Blood Pressure Study. PMID- 6531839 TI - The Canadian health system--twenty years. PMID- 6531840 TI - Morbidity and mortality resulting from common therapeutic drugs. PMID- 6531841 TI - [Roentgen diagnosis of aneurysmal bone cysts]. PMID- 6531842 TI - [Pathological functional changes in the upper ribs]. PMID- 6531843 TI - [Method of ascending myelography with Myodil in the diagnosis of spinal cord lesions]. PMID- 6531844 TI - [Roentgenologic symptomatology of mucoceles of the frontal sinus and ethmoidal labyrinth]. PMID- 6531845 TI - [Roentgen diagnosis of cicatricial stenoses of the larynx and upper part of the trachea in children]. PMID- 6531846 TI - [Diagnostic value of roentgenography in the hyperprolactinemic syndrome]. PMID- 6531847 TI - [Roentgen diagnosis of extrauterine (tubal) pregnancy]. PMID- 6531848 TI - [X-ray diagnosis--trends, problems, outlook]. PMID- 6531849 TI - [A case of alkaptonuric ochronosis]. PMID- 6531850 TI - [Supplemental (axial) roentgenography of the clavicle with patient in a sitting position]. PMID- 6531851 TI - [Method of microlymphography of the thyroid gland]. PMID- 6531852 TI - [Gastrocolic fistulas]. PMID- 6531853 TI - [A case of congenital right-sided diaphragmatic hernia in an elderly male]. PMID- 6531854 TI - [A case of calcinosis of the left ventricular myocardium]. PMID- 6531856 TI - [Isolation, identification and typing of Newcastle disease virus isolates in a chick embryo cell culture]. AB - Routine methods of investigation were employed in parallel experiments for the isolation (in chick embryos), identification (serologically via HI), and typing (MDT, ICPI, IVPI, and via cloacal tests) of local isolates and standard strains of the Newcastle disease virus (NDV). The results were the same as those obtained by the single-phase complex investigation after the plaque technique method in a monolayer cell culture of chick embryo fibroblasts under agar cover. The cultures were inoculated with tissue suspension centrifugate in multiple dilutions of trachea and lung, spleen and liver, and brain of experimentally infected birds, using local isolates (13 in all) and standard strains of NDV (6 of the various types) as well as of birds that died of Newcastle disease (3 cases). The complex cell culture technique of investigation included plaque-forming under agar (and under agarose as well) following the direct inoculation with the infectious tissue suspensions in the presence of a normal (known negative), resp., specific hyperimmune serum against Newcastle disease. It also included a plaque neutralization (plaque reduction) test and tests for hemadsorption and elution of erythrocytes--all made use of in a single planned programme of investigation. This technique, which is a modification of the one suggested by Beard et al. (1970) and known as single-phase complex plaque technique, provides the simultaneous isolation and identification of NDV isolates, which may well be coupled with some of the routinely practiced methods for definitive isolate typing (e. g., with the cloacal test for velogenic, and with MDT for lento- and mesogenic isolates). Thus, time can be saved, and labour and means are reduced, i. e., the laboratory diagnostics of ND may be perfected. PMID- 6531855 TI - [Newcastle disease virus carrier state after aerosol vaccination against the disease in chickens of various ages]. AB - Studied was the carrier status with the Newcastle disease virus in experiments with a total of 665 birds at the age of 10 days, one month, and two months following an aerosol vaccination with a La Sota strain vaccine as well as the possibility to isolate the velogenic strain Texas GB after control infection of 10-day-old and one-month-old birds. Established was a short-term carrier status with the La Sota strain in the organs of birds up to the 6th-9th day following the aerosol vaccination. In an experiment with month-old birds originating from parental flocks immunized against Newcastle disease the La Sota virus was isolated also from the brain up to the sixth day. The resistance of birds to the infection was demonstrated at the aerosol immunization of 10-day-old and month old- birds followed by challenging the birds with high doses of the velogenic virus strain Texas GB. PMID- 6531857 TI - [Changes in the serum enzymes and clinical and clinico-biochemical indices of cows with subclinical ketosis]. AB - Investigations were carried out with a total of 276 high-producing and clinically healthy cows that had freshly calved on 11 farms, being divided into groups according to the extent to which ketonuria was present if al all. Whole blood and blood serum were sampled to determine the ketone bodies, blood sugar, erythrocyte and leukocyte counts, hemoglobin, inorganic phosphorus, Ca, Mg, total protein, carotene, and activity of the GOT and GPT enzymes as well as the activity of lactic acid dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase, aldolase, and leucine aminopeptidase. Studied were the body temperature, the pulse rate, and the respiration rate. It was found that on farms with ketosis in cows ketonuria was manifested most often after the ketone bodies in the blood rose to 10-12 mg%. At the same time the blood sugar level was lowered and as a rule it showed reverse correlation with the levels of ketonemia and ketonuria. In such cows there was a lowering trend with the Ca and carotene contents and the erythrocyte count, and the respiration rate was higher. There were no changes in the body temperature, pulse rate, leukocyte count, Ca, Mg, hemoglobin, protein, and the activity of aldolase. The activity of the other enzymes mentioned was higher, and it correlated positively with the rise of ketonemia and ketonuria. With diseased cows the activity of alkaline phosphatase only was shown to be lower, negatively correlating with ketonuria. PMID- 6531858 TI - [Organizational structure of veterinary medicine]. PMID- 6531859 TI - [Cold resistance of S. aureus and staphylococcal enterotoxins A and C2 in ice cream]. AB - Studied was the cold resistance of enterotoxinogenic strains of Staphylococcus aureus and of A and C2 staphylococcus enterotoxins in milk and cream icecream kept under refrigerator conditions for 7 months at -18 degrees C. The S. aureus strains were shown to have high resistance in icecream. The survival rate of the organisms depended both on the specific peculiarities of the individual strains and on the composition of the icecream mixture. Staphylococci were found to survive longer in milk icecream. A and C2 enterotoxin retained fully their activity in the two types of icecream over the entire period of storing. The data obtained is important for the elucidation of the epidemiology of alimentary staphylococcus intoxications. PMID- 6531860 TI - [Contamination of butchered poultry with psychrophilic and psychrotrophic microorganisms]. AB - Studied were the ways in which slaughtered birds were contaminated with psychrophilic and psychrotrophic microorganisms as well as the effect of the various technologic stages in the yield and processing of the poultry meat on the extent of its contamination and the occurrence of such organisms in alive and slaughtered broilers in dependence on the season. It was found that the individual stages of production of poultry meat influenced the rate of contamination of slaughtered birds. There was a difference between the psychrophilic microflora in alive birds and that found after slaughter and processing. In the first group highest was the percent of the Acinetobacter (100%) genus, followed by the Flavobacter (80%), Corinebacter (60%) and other genera, while in the slaughtered birds prevailing were the Pseudomonas (50-75%) and Flavobacter (17-30%) genera. Following scalding the psychrophile count dropped 12 times as compared to the count established at stunning, and the count of psychrotrophic organisms dropped 7 times. Greatest was the drop following the process of singeing--8 times for the psychrophiles and 2.5 times for the psychrotrophic organisms. During the following stages of the technologic process no rise was observed of the count of both types of organisms. The count of psychrotrophic organisms was found to be lower in the spring and autumn seasons, and it was higher in the summer. Psychrophiles showed highest number of strains isolated in the winter season--as many as 102. PMID- 6531861 TI - [Effect of coccidiostats on the quality of the immune response following the vaccination of chickens against Newcastle disease]. AB - An experiment was carried out to test the effect of two coccidiostatica, amprol and monensin, on the level of the Newcastle disease anti-hemagglutinins. The study made use of broiler chickens of a four-line hybrid (Plymouth Rock x Cornish) treated with a Hitchner B vaccine. The drugs were admixed with the feed- amprol at the rate of 0.5 g/kg, and monensin at 1 g/kg throughout the entire experimental period. The level of antibodies was recorded by means of the IH level. Highest titers of anti-hemagglutinins were discovered in the group treated with monensin. The birds of this group had higher liveweight as against the remaining birds. PMID- 6531862 TI - [Chlamydial infection in herds of cattle with abortions]. AB - A study was carried out for the presence of chlamydia on 103 farms with records of abortions. Employed were methods of infecting chick embryos via the yolk sac, the complement-fixation test, and electron microscopy. Five chlamydia strains were isolated from aborted fetuses on 5 out of 11 studied farms. Statistical processing of the serologic results obtained revealed that on 20 farms up to 71 per cent of the cows that miscarried were serologically positive for chlamydia, showing titers within the range of 1:8-1:1024 and an average geometrical titer of 34. On other 35 farms these indices were 23.45 per cent, 1:8-1:512, and 28, respectively. On 48 farms serologically negative were 98.94 per cent of the cows that miscarried, while the average geometrical titer was less than 2. Serologic conversion at a replicated serologic investigation was established in 4 out of 5 enzootics of abortions. No chlamydia antibodies were found in sera taken from a total of 4,804 normal cows and heifers from sound farms. PMID- 6531863 TI - [Minkowski-Chauffard disease in 1 family]. AB - A check up of literature has been made concerning the congenital microspherocytic hemolytic anemia, reporting of some new data about the pathogenesis of the disease. One family is described with CMHA--one father and his two daughters, the two children of his first daughter and the only child of the second daughter, hence confirming the familial character of the disease. All patients have been splenectomized. After the splenectomy they are practically healthy, without hemolytic crises, supporting the statement that splenectomy is the treatment of choice in CMHA therapy. PMID- 6531864 TI - [Patient with factor V deficiency (parahemophilia) diagnosed and treated as hemophilia A]. AB - The authors observed the patient T.P.D., aged 36, admitted to the clinic of RIHBT with melena and hematemesis. Since early childhood the patient has been treated on the occasions of hemorrhagic incidences for hemophilia A. The hemostatic investigations however, revealed normal level of factor VIII and the level of factor V--1%, providing grounds to revise the initial diagnosis and to admit that the rarely found parahemophilia is concerned. The treatment with freshly-frozen plasma, fresh blood, velin and iron preparations led to coping with hemorrhagic syndrome and posthemorrhagic anemia. The diagnostic possibilities are interpreted for establishing the deficiency of the factors of coagulation and of the specific substitution therapy. PMID- 6531865 TI - [Case description of rheumatic polymyalgia]. PMID- 6531866 TI - [Septicemia caused by Mycoplasma hominis]. AB - A patient with septicemia, caused by Mycoplasma hominis was described. Data were established for pyeloureteral anomalies in both ureters with disturbed left drainage with hydronephrosis II--II stage. Mixed flora was isolated from urine- Mycoplasma hominis and E. coli. Pure culture Mycoplasma hominis was isolated from the hemocultures. The patient was favourably affected by metacyclin treatment- 600 mg daily. PMID- 6531868 TI - [Surgical procedure in complicated forms of cholelithiasis. I. Complicated forms predominantly of an inflammatory nature]. PMID- 6531867 TI - [Serum immunoglobulins G, A and M in patients with liver carcinoma]. AB - The level of immunoglobulins, G, A, M was determined via radial immunodiffusion in the sera of 70 patients with primary and metastatic hepatic carcinoma. Patients with extrahepatic carcinoma without metastases and patients with cirrhosis of the liver were studied for a comparison. A moderate elevation of IgA in all cases with carcinoma was established, the changes intensified with the spreading of the tumour. In those patients, no essential deviations were established in the other immunoglobulins with the exception of a light increase of IgM in case of primary hepatic carcinoma. Immunoglobulins in cirrhosis manifest a characteristic increase in all three classes, regardless if an additional carcinoma has originated. For the present, it is difficult to present a thorough interpretation of the deviations in immunoglobulins and to evaluate their values in the establishment and follow of up hepatic carcinoma. PMID- 6531869 TI - [Surgical procedure in complicated forms of cholelithiasis. II. Complicated forms predominantly of an obstructive nature and disordered bile transit]. PMID- 6531870 TI - [Clinical, immunological and therapeutic research in mesangial immunoglobulin-A glomerulonephritis]. AB - Forty seven patients with IgA glomerulonephritis (GN) were studied. The males predominated among them--the ratio males-female--2,9:1. The first clinical manifestations were macroscopic hematuria (in 2/3 of the cases) or only urine changes--low-degree proteinuria and microscopic erythrocyturia. As early as the establishment--38,2 per cent of the patients had elevated arterial pressure, and it reached, 59,5 per cent during the follow-up period. Anemia was rare. Manifestations of nephrotic syndrome were absent. ESR was normal in 1/3 of the employees or slightly accelerated. Chronic renal insufficiency developed 6,31 per cent of the patient all of them males. Terminal renal insufficiency developed 8 patients. The elevated arterial pressure, proteinuria over 2g/24 h, accelerated ESR, high serum levels of IgA, the longer duration of the disease and higher age of the patients to a certain extent--were unfavourable prognostic criteria. The basic immune deviations of IgA GN are the high serum levels of IgA (in 53,1% of the patients) and to a lower extent of IgG (in 17% of the patients) as well as the reduced serum levels of C3 (in 31,9% of the patients). CIC are not a frequent finding. The percentage of ERF is lower than in the healthy subjects. The treatment with a combination of azathioprine (acenocoumarol, indomethacin or levamisole) has no effect on the clinical manifestations and evolution. PMID- 6531871 TI - [Coronary radiography in patients with valvular cardiopathies and stenocardia]. AB - Seventy patients with valvular cardiopathies were performed selective coronarography besides the routine hemodynamic examination during the period 1973 1983. Those 70 patients could be subdivided in the following way: 46 with aortic, 17 - with mitral-aortic and 7 with mitral valvular lesion. Their average age is 46,15 +/- 1,42. Considerable changes (stenosis over 50% of at least one artery of the three main ones) were established in 9 patients (12,85%). The average age of the patients with the changes is 47,44 +/- 1,64. Angina pectoris had 57 out of 70 patients (81,42%). The mean telediastolic pressure of left ventricle of the patients with coronary alterations was 3,94 +/- 0,63 kPa (29,6 +/- 4,71 mm Hg) whereas the others, with intact coronary arteries had a mean telediastolic pressure of 2,6 +/- 0,43 kPa (19,43 +/- 3,26 mm Hg). Out of the nine patients with coronary changes--6 were males and 3--females. All had aortic valvular lesions--four with high degree stenosis, there--with high degree insufficiency and two--with mixed defect. The authors think that the systematic coronarographic investigations of the patients that are to have valvular prosthetization, is not necessary. PMID- 6531872 TI - [Work test in acquired heart valve defects]. AB - The physical working capacity to 34 patients with acquired cardiac valvular defects and right catheterization was determined via bicycle ergometer "Zimermann" (GDR). Reverse correlation was established between the physical capacity and pressure 0,93 +/- 0,13 kPa (7,0 +/- 1,0 mm Hg) in right auricle (p less than 0,01), 0,9 +/- 0,27 kPa (6,75 +/- 2,12 mm Hg)--in right auricle (p less than 0,01), 4,18 +/- 1,21 kPa (31,5 +/- 9,02 mm Hg)--in pulmonary artery (p less than 0,05) and 2,66 +/- 0,26 kPa (9,19 +/- 6,76 mm Hg)--in pulmonary capillaries (p less than 0,5). The data from the study coincide with those of the other researchers who established reverse correlation between the physical working capacity and functional class according to New York Cardiological Association. The degree of mitral-valvular stenosisin "pure" or dominating mitral stenosis, degree and duration of cardiac insufficiency, duration of cardiac defect and auricular fibrillation. PMID- 6531873 TI - [Failures in the diagnosis of defects in disrupted development of the bronchopulmonary system]. AB - Some failures in making the diagnosis are presented on the base of the anamnestic datay of 281 subjects undergone operations of valvular defects after discontinuation of the development of the broncho-pulmonary system. In 106 (37,7 No%) of the operated, the diagnosis was delayed and 192 (68,3%) of the operated were presented for surgical treatment with a considerable delay--at least 5 years after the clinical manifestation of the defect. PMID- 6531874 TI - [Lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes in the diagnosis of hepatobiliary diseases]. AB - The total activity of lactatedehydrogenase (Merck tests) and its isoenzymes (electrophoretic fractionation by Helm) were studied in the blood sera of 202 patients with various hepato-biliary diseases (viral hepatitis, chronic persisting and chronic active hepatitis, cirrhosis of liver, chronic cholecystitis, benign cholestasis, malignant formations with and without cholestasis, Gilbert's syndrome and hemolytic jaundice). The referent limits are determined in the sera of 43 clinically healthy subjects (22 females and 21 males). The anaerobic fifth fraction of lactatedehydrogenase (LDH) was most increased in viral hepatitis (about 15 times), in the group with malignant formations with cholestasis (about 2 times) and in benign cholestasis (about 5 times). The determination of isoenzymes of LDH, is presumed, to be obligatorily included in the spectrum of modern enzyme constellation for hepatobiliary diseases. PMID- 6531875 TI - [Case of a biliodigestive fistula--a variant of Bouveret's syndrome]. AB - The female patient N. I. G., aged 65, case report No 21336/416 was admitted to the Clinic of Gastroeneterology on October 12, 1982, with the following diagnosis: Cholelithiasis, Cholecystitis chronica calculosa, Fistula biliodigestiva. The anamnestic data, the objective examination as the data from operation protocol revealed that the case reported was a peculiar, very rare, favourable evolution of Bouveret syndrome. The biliary concrements (the biggest 10 X 15 mm), that had passed through the fistula opening into the permanently deformed and constricted duodenal bulb have twice caused short-term disturbed intestinal passage. The patient, with the vomited juices, had thrown out the concrements that caused the obturation, resulting into restoration of the intestinal passage and clinical improvement. The surgical operation was performed 57 days after the acute incident for removing of gallbladder and elimination of the fistula passage. PMID- 6531876 TI - [Case of a patient with liver cirrhosis and Silvestrini-Corda syndrome]. AB - A case with alcoholic cirrhosis of liver is described that was combined with manifested gynecomastia, atrophia of testes and impotence--Silvestrini--Corda syndrome. Changes in the endocrine state of the patient were established--a tendency to reduced estrogens in plasma (estradiol), increased blood cortisol and reduced excretion of its metabolites in urine. The case is of clinical interest because the severe alcoholic hepatic lesion became the cause of the affection of endocrine state and in this way led to manifested classical syndrome of Silvestrini--Corda. PMID- 6531877 TI - [Left atrial myxoma descending deeply into the cavity of the left ventricle]. AB - A female patient, aged 59 is reported with a myxoma of the left auricle, pedunculated deep in left cardiac ventricle. Myxoma was echocardiographically diagnosed and confirmed by left atriography. On the fourth day after the diagnosis of myxoma, with a high efficiency of all examinations and organizational measures the patients was successfully operated. PMID- 6531878 TI - [Atrial paroxysmal tachycardia with atrioventricular block--their treatment by precordial electrostimulation]. AB - The object of the material are the criteria for correct diagnosis. A case with atrial paroxysmal tachycardia with AV block is discussed as well as termination of attacks by means of intracardial electrostimulation. The problem of treatment of this kind of tachycardia with temporary and permanent electrostimulation is discussed. PMID- 6531879 TI - [Case of the progressive pulmonary form of mucoviscidosis in an adult patient]. AB - A case with pulmonary form of mucoviscidosis in a female, aged 57, is described, with a high perspiration test--328 mEqv/l Cl with the clinical picture of chronic bronchitis, cylindric bronchiectasis in exacerbation, chronic exacerbated respiratory, insufficiency and pulmonary heart H3, with a lethal end. At necropsy, the characteristic changes for mucoviscidosis were established in the lungs, stomach and pancreas. The possibility of recurrent advancement of the disease is admitted, induced by involutive hormonal disturbances. PMID- 6531880 TI - [Acanthosis nigricans as a paraneoplastic syndrome in a patient with lung carcinoma]. PMID- 6531881 TI - [Incomplete Hutchinson-Gilford syndrome. A patient followed to age 29]. AB - A case is described with incomplete syndrome of Hutchinson-Gilford in a male, aged 29. The development of the disease in the patient was followed-up. The pathologoanatomical changes, observed in the patient were described. Resulting from a severe fibrocalcinosis of the mitral and aortic valves, a congestive cardiac insufficiency developed that led to death at the age of 16. It is stressed that is the "longest" lived patients with progeria, the causes for that being discussed. Some problems of the pathogenesis of the syndrome are also discussed. PMID- 6531882 TI - [Juvenile diabetic cheiroarthropathy]. AB - A 16 years old male is described who was taken ill by diabetes mellitus at the age of 8, treated with insulin, 36 U daily, but with constant poor control of the diabetes. His soft tissues of hands and fingers got thickened in the course of the last several years, with restriction of articular movements and impossible full extent of active and passive extension. No clinical and laboratory data about inflammatory articular process were established. The necessity of a strict control of diabetes is stressed upon, both for the prophylaxis and treatment of juvenile diabetic cheiroarthropathy. PMID- 6531883 TI - [Headaches in patients with diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 6531884 TI - [Use of phototherapy in neonatal jaundice]. PMID- 6531885 TI - [Case of lipid pneumonia]. PMID- 6531886 TI - [Glomerulonephritis after long-term treatment of primary pulmonary fibrosis with cuprenil (Polfa)]. PMID- 6531887 TI - [Case of successfully treated severe pyrogallic acid poisoning]. PMID- 6531888 TI - [Post-traumatic occlusion of the internal carotid artery in adolescents]. PMID- 6531889 TI - [Facial carbuncle in diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 6531890 TI - [Very rare location of a nodal form of acquired toxoplasmosis]. PMID- 6531891 TI - [Pheochromocytoma--diagnosis and treatment]. PMID- 6531892 TI - [Unilateral vesico-ureteral reflux in children]. PMID- 6531894 TI - [Multiple amebic liver abscesses]. PMID- 6531893 TI - [A case of cystic dilatation of intra- and extrahepatic bile ducts]. PMID- 6531895 TI - [Treatment of aplastic anemia with very high doses of corticosteroids]. PMID- 6531896 TI - [Case of nodular goiter associated with thymoma and a persistent thymus]. PMID- 6531897 TI - [Case of triquadrispondylia]. PMID- 6531898 TI - [Abdominal migraine in adults]. PMID- 6531899 TI - [Absence of the corpus callosum in 2 infants]. PMID- 6531900 TI - [A case of Toxoplasma encephalitis]. PMID- 6531901 TI - [Treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis]. PMID- 6531902 TI - [Amiodarone in the long-term treatment of arrhythmia]. PMID- 6531903 TI - [Congenital hyaline membrane syndromes in newborn infants]. PMID- 6531904 TI - [Urinary calculi in children]. PMID- 6531905 TI - [Results of long-term heparin treatment of patients with acroscleroderma]. PMID- 6531907 TI - [Clinical picture of pulmonary tuberculosis (medical history taking and analysis of symptoms)]. PMID- 6531906 TI - [Technology and preliminary evaluation of ointments that increase the elasticity of post-burn scars]. PMID- 6531908 TI - [Unusual case of perforation of a liver abscess to the pericardial sac with favorable outcome]. PMID- 6531909 TI - [Case of spontaneous cure of an external biliary fistula developed after intraoperative injury of extrahepatic bile ducts]. PMID- 6531910 TI - [Carcinoid tumor of the appendix in a 17-year-old girl]. PMID- 6531911 TI - [Foreign body in the mesenteric root after blunt abdominal injury]. PMID- 6531912 TI - [Right-sided traumatic diaphragmatic hernia diagnosed accidentally 2 years after injury]. PMID- 6531913 TI - [Rhabdomyosarcoma of the bladder in a 70-year-old man]. PMID- 6531914 TI - [Multi-level intervertebral disk destruction in leg length inequality in Bechterew's disease]. PMID- 6531915 TI - [Osteopenias. Classification and clinical aspects]. PMID- 6531916 TI - [Meanderings of radiophotography]. PMID- 6531917 TI - [Comparative evaluation of late results of partial gastrectomy by the Rydygier and Billroth II methods in the treatment of peptic ulcer]. PMID- 6531918 TI - [Case of removal of persistent esophageal foreign body using a fiberscope]. PMID- 6531919 TI - [A case of congenital absence of the gallbladder]. PMID- 6531920 TI - [Atypical complication of uterine myoma]. PMID- 6531921 TI - [Iatrogenic urinary calculi]. PMID- 6531922 TI - [Community health nursing program with particular reference to cardiovascular diseases]. PMID- 6531923 TI - [Effect of pangamic acid on the course of larval ascariasis and vitamin C concentrations in the adrenal glands and liver of guinea pigs]. PMID- 6531924 TI - [Histamine in peripheral blood basophils in rats with experimental hymenolepiasis]. PMID- 6531925 TI - [Free sulfhydryl groups in the serum of patients with parasitic diseases, analyzed by the Ellman method]. PMID- 6531926 TI - [Resistance of rats to re-infection after infection with larvae of Nippostrongylus brasiliensis (Travassos, 1914) grown in the pesticide-containing media]. PMID- 6531927 TI - [Metabolic disorders in dicrocoeliasis in sheep]. PMID- 6531928 TI - [Seasonal changes and incidence of Paramphistomum sp. infection in cattle in southeastern Poland]. PMID- 6531929 TI - [Infection of bustards (Otis tarda L.) with endoparasites under breeding conditions]. PMID- 6531930 TI - The ecological age of the sheep ked, Melophagus ovinus (L.) (Diptera: Hippoboscidae). PMID- 6531931 TI - [Trematoda of birds of Lower Silesia. II. Trematoda of the digestive tract of the red-throated diver (Gavia stellata Pont.)]. PMID- 6531932 TI - [Arthropods of Crocidura suaveolens (Pall.), (Mammalia, Insectivora) in Poland with special reference to urban agglomeration]. PMID- 6531933 TI - [Dehydration in the aged]. AB - The present study seeks to examine the question of the etiology, the diagnostic criteria and therapeutic consequences of exsiccosis in the elderly. The study includes 14 patients (9 males, 5 females) with an average of 76,8 +/- 4,8 years of age, all hospitalized because of dehydration. Following an exact diagnostic procedure a controlled therapy including a discontinuation of treatment was introduced in order to allow an evaluation of the development of dehydration. RESULTS: 1. The diagnosis of senile exsiccosis requires a synthesis of the patient's history, an exact physical examination and laboratory analysis. The central venous pressure (CVP) can be regarded as the most reliable parameter (it was lower than normal in 100% of the patients). There was a strikingly high incidence of increased mean corpuscular volume (MCV)-more than 105 rm3 in 86% of the cases. 2. The mean liquid-deficit of elderly patients with exsiccosis was 4,8 +/- 2,81. 3. The reason for the frequent incidence of exsiccosis in advanced age is to be found in a relative adipsia (the average daily deficit of liquid-intake was 815 +/- 47 ml per patient). Combined with a diminished renal concentration capacity (78,5% of the patients did not reach a specific weight of urine more than 1020 after a concentration test). 4. As a preventive measure, patients with tendency for exsiccosis should receive instructions as to the necessity of daily liquid-intake following exact balancing; furthermore regular weight-controls should be performed. PMID- 6531934 TI - [Gynecologic examinations in paraplegics]. AB - Following the introduction of a gynecological consultant in the Rehabilitation centre of Tobelbad, 102 paraplegic patients have been seen during a period of 30 months in a routine gynecological check-up. More than two thirds of patients with pathological findings did not have any complaint. Therefore they would not have consulted a gynecologist by their own. Among those one carcinoma in situ of the cervix uteri as well as one breast-cancer have been detected as the most severe cases. The difficulties of paraplegics to have gynecological routine check-ups or to continue those after the onset of the disablement is discussed. PMID- 6531935 TI - [Endogenous creatinine clearing during cytostatic therapy]. AB - 25 patients with a malign neoplasia were treated with cytostatics. The endogenous creatinine clearance as a parameter of the kidney function was checked. Patients who had no side-effects, did not show important changes in kidney function immediately and 10 days after the treatment. Patients who had hyperemesis and diarrhoea showed an impairment, patients with a hyperkinetic reaction improvement of kidney function. General hyperhydration during a cytostatic treatment is not necessary, it can even be dangerous for patients with a hyperkinetic reaction. PMID- 6531936 TI - [Acemetacin in the treatment of painful arthroses. Results of an open short-term study on the starting point of the analgesic effect and its duration]. AB - Acemetacin was tested in an open clinical study with regard to occurrence and duration of its analgesic effect to 20 patients suffering from arthrosis of the hip and knee joint. The treatment lasted 3 days. The therapeutic effect was judged by the influence of pain on rest and movement. With Acemetacin the majority of the patients reported a quick onset and long duration of the analgesic effect. The tolerance of Acemetacin was very good. PMID- 6531937 TI - [Tinidazole in the therapy of anaerobic pulmonary infections]. AB - The purpose of the study in 10 patients with anaerobic lung infections was to demonstrate the efficacy of therapy with Tinidazole. In 9 patients, the clinical evaluation as well as X-ray and bacteriological evidence showed positive results of therapy, while in one patient a mixed anaerobic infection with Streptococcus an., Bacteroides frag., and Clostridium sp. was still present after the end of therapy. Side effects were not observed with Tinidazole therapy. PMID- 6531938 TI - Selenium suppresses the metabolism of benzo[a]pyrene by rat-liver extracts, and exerts a dual effect on its mutagenicity. AB - Liver homogenates from rats injected with 3-methylcholanthrene were employed for metabolism of benzo[a]pyrene (BP) and in assays of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH) activity in vitro. Sodium selenite inhibited AHH activity to a maximum of approximately 70%. It suppressed the overall metabolism of benzo[a]pyrene; a distinct reduction in the products was evident on h.p.l.c. analysis. Sodium thiosulphate also inhibited AHH activity by approximately 47%. Inclusion of S2O3(2-) and SeO3(2-), in combination, led to a cumulative inhibition of 87%. The mutagenicity of BP in the Salmonella auxotroph reversion system (Ames test) was enhanced by SeO3(2-) at concentrations below 0.2 mM. Above this level a significant antimutagenic effect was observed. PMID- 6531939 TI - Dihydrochalcone metabolism in the rat: phloretin. AB - The metabolism of phloretin (2',4',6',4-tetrahydroxydihydrochalcone) was studied in rats. Approx. half of the intragastric dose (0.75 mmol/kg) was excreted in the urine, mainly within two days. Small initial amounts of phloretin were found, however most of the metabolites were degradation products. The latter included phloroglucinol and, in larger amounts, phloretic acid and related metabolites formed by its dehydrogenation, beta-oxidation and glycine conjugation. Phloroglucinol, administered in similar experiments, was rapidly (90% within 24 h) excreted in the urine, either unchanged or as conjugates (glucuronide/sulphate). Incubation of phloretin and its glucoside phloridzin with rat-caecal micro-organisms resulted in the formation of phloroglucinol and phloretic acid. The degradative pathways of metabolism of dihydrochalcones and other flavonoids are discussed. PMID- 6531940 TI - The fate of 4-cyano-N,N-dimethylaniline in rats; a novel involvement of glutathione in the metabolism of anilines. AB - 4-Cyano-N,N-dimethylaniline (CDA), when administered to rats as a single oral dose (18.5 mg/kg), was rapidly absorbed and eliminated as a mixture of metabolites in the urine (86% dose after 24 h). Residues in tissues after 48 h, expressed as microgram equiv. of CDA, were: liver, 0.35; kidney, 0.28; testes, 0.08; fat, 0.06; bone marrow, 0.15 and blood, 0.32. Absorption, metabolism and elimination following four consecutive daily doses of CDA (65 mg/kg) were similar to those at the lower dose. The major metabolite was 2-amino-5-cyanophenyl sulphate with its mono- and di-N-methyl analogues as minor metabolites. 4 Cyanoaniline, its N-acetyl derivative and an unstable derivative were also found as metabolites. Three sulphur-containing metabolites with methylsulphinyl-, methylsulphonyl-, and N-acetylcysteinyl-groups attached to the C2 atom of an N acetyl group were identified, the latter accounting for 10.3% and 4.1% of the low and high doses, respectively. The sulphur-containing metabolites indicate the involvement of glutathione in metabolism at the N-acetyl group. This implies the generation of an electrophilic intermediate, possibly the sulphate conjugate of an N-glycolylaniline, in the metabolism of CDA. PMID- 6531941 TI - A species difference in the presystemic metabolism of carbazeran in dog and man. AB - The bioavailability of carbazeran and the metabolism of carbon-14 labelled drug have been studied in the dog and man following oral administration. The drug was moderately well absorbed in both species, but there was a marked difference in bioavailability and in routes of metabolism. In the dog, systemic bioavailability was approx. 68% and biotransformation involved mainly O-demethylation. In man, bioavailability was not measurable and carbazeran was almost completely cleared via 4-hydroxylation of the phthalazine moiety. Thus the lack of detectable pharmacological effect in man following oral administration of the drug appears to be due to presystemic metabolism by a particularly active pathway not found in the dog. PMID- 6531942 TI - The pharmacokinetics of fentiazac and its metabolite, p-hydroxyfentiazac, after twice-daily oral administration to male volunteers. AB - The pharmacokinetics of the anti-inflammatory agent fentiazac and its principal plasma metabolite, p-hydroxyfentiazac, have been investigated after repeated oral administration of fentiazac to male volunteers. Each volunteer received 200 mg of fentiazac twice daily for 15 d. Absorption was quite rapid, though some inter subject variation in rates of absorption and bioavailability was observed. tmax values after the first dose ranged from 0.75-3 h while Cpmax values were 1050 4880 ng/ml. Elimination of fentiazac from plasma occurred rapidly in curvilinear fashion, so that concentrations were only 1% of their maximum value by 12 h after dosing. Maximum concentrations of p-hydroxyfentiazac after a single dose of fentiazac were 25.6-79.4% of those of fentiazac and were achieved at similar times. The metabolite was more slowly eliminated; the mean concentration of p hydroxyfentiazac 12 h after a single dose was still 8% of its maximal value. On repeated administration, AUC0-12 h values for fentiazac and hydroxyfentiazac increased, as indicated by accumulation factors of 1.17 +/- 0.11 and 1.30 +/- 0.11 on days 8 and 15, respectively, for fentiazac and 1.72 +/- 0.15 and 1.77 +/- 0.10 for hydroxyfentiazac. There was no significant difference between days 8 and 15 in the extent of accumulation of either compound. Trough concentrations of fentiazac and hydroxyfentiazac on days 12 and 15 were similar to those on day 8. The clinical significance of these observations is discussed. PMID- 6531943 TI - Preliminary studies on the fate of 14C-fentiazac in man. AB - The disposition of the anti-inflammatory drug fentiazac has been investigated in male volunteers after oral administration of single 200 mg doses of the 14C labelled compound. Excretion took place predominantly via the faeces with approx. 67% of the dose being recovered in the 0-5 d collection. Urinary excretion accounted for a further 18%, most of which was excreted in the first 24 h. Examination of urinary extracts before and after treatment with beta glucuronidase showed a relatively simple pattern of metabolites, the major excretion product being a conjugate of p-hydroxyfentiazac. No conjugated material was found in faeces. The major components were p-hydroxyfentiazac and fentiazac itself, in a ratio of 3:2; a minor metabolite was also present, accounting for 10% of the faecal radioactivity. PMID- 6531944 TI - Preparation of an affinity chromatographic system for the separation of ADP binding proteins. AB - [4-(3-Bromoacetylpyridinio)-butyl]adenosine pyrophosphate as a structural analog of NAD+ reacts covalently with the sulfhydryl groups of thiopropyl agarose. 10-20 mumol can be bound to 1 ml gel. Stabilization of the insoluble coenzyme is attained by treatment with sodium boro hydride (NaBH4). This complex when applied to column chromatography, allows the separation of various dehydrogenases as a result of their different complex stability coefficients. Alcohol dehydrogenase from liver, lactate dehydrogenase, and adenylate kinase, which all bind to the ADP-analog residues of the gel matrix, can thus be separated by different salt gradients. Alcohol dehydrogenase from yeast, however, does not form a complex and can easily be eluted from the column with phosphate buffer. Glyceraldehyde-3 phosphate and aldehyde dehydrogenases can be eluted by the addition of NAD+ or NADH to the buffer. The uncharged 1,4-dihydropyridine ring of the reduced coenzyme produces a more stable complex with the dehydrogenases than the oxidized form. PMID- 6531945 TI - High energy radiation-induced crosslinking of histone octamer complexes. AB - Calf thymus histone octamer complexes were irradiated in the native state in N2O saturated dilute aqueous solution (0.5 g/l, pH 9, [NaClO4] = 1 -4 mol/l) with 50 or 100 ns pulses of 16 MeV electrons or 60Co-gamma-rays. Time resolved light scattering measurements and optical absorption measurements yielded the following: the octamers underwent a volume contraction due to intra-complex crosslinking induced by the attack of OH-radicals. Crosslinking proceeded to a certain extent via 2,2'-biphenol coupling as inferred from product analyses. PMID- 6531946 TI - Haemolytic properties of cereal 5-n-alk(en)ylresorcinols. AB - The haemolytic activity of 5-n-alk(en)ylresorcinols is temperature dependent and correlated to their transition temperatures. The values of the parameters describing the 5-n-alk(en)ylresorcinol-induced red blood cell lysis indicate strong affinity of the compounds to the membrane and their high lytic capacity. The affinity of the compounds for the membrane decrease with the increasing quantity of the molecules incorporated into the erythrocyte membrane and is much higher for saturated resorcinols than unsaturated ones. The amount of 5-n alk(en)ylresorcinol molecules bound to the membrane at a hundred percent lysis is about eighty times and eleven times (for alkyl and alkenyl derivatives respectively) higher than at zero percent lysis. Estimated free energy of erythrocyte lysis was similar for alkyl and alkenyl derivatives of resorcinol provided the preparation of the resorcinolic suspensions above their transition temperatures. PMID- 6531947 TI - Metabolic effects of direct current stimulation on cultured vascular smooth muscle cells. AB - Vascular smooth muscle cells from rabbit arteries were grown in tissue culture and stimulated by DC impulses (1 mA, 1 V, 10 Hz, 1 ms/imp). Scanning microscopic examination disclosed that in stimulated cultures the cell surface was enlarged by numerous microvilli. This was interpreted as being indicative of an increase in cell activity. Cellular metabolism was characterized by analyzing the incubation medium for glucose, glutamate/glutamine, and lactate. When compared to unstimulated controls, stimulation caused an increase in the uptake of glucose and glutamine as well as an increased lactate production. The enhancing effect on metabolism was prevented when the "calcium antagonist" verapamil was present (5 X 10(-6) M). Although the exact mechanism by which DC stimulation influences the cells remains obscure, this finding indicates an important mediating role of Ca2+ ions. PMID- 6531948 TI - Effect of extracellular alkali metal salts on the electric parameters of human erythrocytes in normal and pathological conditions (homozygous beta-thalassemia). AB - The conductivity of human erythrocyte cells dispersed in various uni-univalent electrolyte solutions (NaCl, KCl, LiCl, CsCl; 0.15 M) have been measured in the frequency range from 10 KHz to 100 MHz at five temperatures between 5 and 45 degrees C. The results were analyzed in the light of the theory of conductivity polarization of a suspension of ellipsoidal particles-covered with two confocal shells. Differences in the electrical parameters of the membrane between normal and homozygous beta-thalassemic cells have been evidentiated. PMID- 6531949 TI - Stimulation of brain synaptosome-associated adenylate cyclase by acidic phospholipids. AB - Phosphatidylserine (PS), phosphatidylinositol (PIN) or phosphatidylglycerol (PGL) incubated with synaptosomal plasma membranes (SPM) of dog brain, stimulated adenylate cyclase. The enzyme activity showed a dramatic increase at around 1.6 mumol PS/mg protein, while use of higher concentrations led to inhibition of the activity with respect to the maximal percentage of stimulation. Moreover, PS stimulated the dopamine-sensitive adenylate cyclase. Solubilization of SPM by the detergent Lubrol-PX did not affect the enzyme activation induced by dopamine. The solubilization, also, showed that the enzyme activity does not change at any PS, PIN or PGL concentration used. These results indicate that acidic phospholipids do not directly act on adenylate cyclase, but indirectly, affecting the membrane fluidity probably. Such modifications of interactions through lipid-protein(s) of adenylate cyclase may have implications to physiological responses to hormones or/and neurotransmitters in the central nervous system. PMID- 6531950 TI - [Stimulation of immunoreactivity against endogenous retroviruses and protection against leukemia in aged AKR mice after vaccination with antibodies to viral surface components. The role of antibodies to p15(E)]. AB - Antibody against viral gp71 is effective therapeutically for high leukemic AKR mice if injected immediately after birth. No corresponding effect could be observed after inoculation later in life when the endogenous virus burden is already high. However, if antibody treatment was supplemented by the injection of p15(E) antibody, a therapeutic effect was observed even in older mice first treated at an age of 21/2 months. Those mice produced antibodies against viral surface proteins and appeared to be able to survive longer than control mice. Thus p15(E) antibody might be able to overcome retroviral associated immuno deficiency. This therapy may have implications for the treatment of the apparently retroviral induced acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) of man. PMID- 6531951 TI - Responses to one or two doses of a deoxycholate subunit influenza vaccine in a primed population. AB - A trial with a trivalent influenza subunit vaccine prepared with sodium deoxycholate was carried out in 88 volunteers between May and November 1981. Each haemagglutinin antigen was present at 7 micrograms per dose. Fourfold or greater haemagglutination inhibition antibody (HI) responses to the H1N1 virus A/Brazil/11/78 occurred in 70% of volunteers following a single dose. For the H3N2 virus A/Bangkok/1/79 and B/Singapore/222/79 these figures were 52 and 11%, respectively. No increase in the antibody titre was noted to any of the antigens following a second vaccination dose. Antibody levels remained relatively constant six months after vaccination. A response to B/Singapore/222/79, comparable with the HI response for the influenza A antigens, was noted when serum titres were estimated by a plaque reduction procedure. No neuraminidase inhibition antibody could be detected in response to either A/Brazil/11/78 or A/Bangkok/1/79. No reactions specifically attributable to the vaccine occurred after either injection. A lower HI response to A/Brazil/11/78 was noted in volunteers 52 years of age and older, who also showed less evidence of earlier priming to this virus. Levels of nasal wash neutralizing antibodies to A/Brazil/11/78 were proportional to those detected in sera by HI tests, but were present in smaller amounts. PMID- 6531952 TI - Vaccines and biotechnology. PMID- 6531953 TI - Inactivated influenza virus vaccines in man: a comparative study of subunit and split vaccines using two methods for assessment of antibody responses. AB - The serum antibody responses and reactions of volunteers to a trivalent subunit influenza virus vaccine prepared using cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) or trivalent split vaccine prepared by ether-extraction, were essentially similar, although the antibody levels to the A/Brazil/78 (H1N1) components of the vaccine were greater in volunteers receiving the subunit preparation. Antibody responses to the vaccines were assessed using both the haemagglutination-inhibition (HI) and single radial haemolysis (SRH) tests. Although good correlation was found between the tests with respect to both antibody titres in individual sera and antibody responses in serum pairs to both A(H3N2 and H1N1) and B influenza viruses, the greater reliability of SRH, indicates this test should supplant the HI test for the routine measurement of antibody responses to influenza viruses. PMID- 6531954 TI - Graphical method for comparative statistical study of vaccine potency tests. AB - Producers and consumers are interested in some of the intrinsic characteristics of vaccine potency assays for the comparative evaluation of suitable experimental design. A graphical method is developed which represents the precision of test results, the sensitivity of such results to changes in dosage, and the relevance of the results in the way they reflect the protection afforded in the host species. The graphs can be constructed from Producer's scores and Consumer's scores on each of the scales of test score, antigen dose and probability of protection against disease. A method for calculating these scores is suggested and illustrated for single and multiple component vaccines, for tests which do or do not employ a standard reference preparation, and for tests which employ quantitative or quantal systems of scoring. PMID- 6531955 TI - Some applications of a graphical method for the comparative statistical study of vaccine potency assays. AB - Using examples drawn from some commonly-used methods for vaccine potency assay, we show how a graphical method of representing three key characteristics, precision, sensitivity and relevance, can be used to compare basic methods and variations in test design. We suggest that this method can be of considerable value to Control Authorities in establishing test designs and potency standards, and to vaccine manufacturers in formulating vaccines which will have a high probability of meeting these potency standards. PMID- 6531956 TI - Vaccination of cattle with Brucella abortus strain 19 administered by differing routes and doses. AB - As a result of brucellosis control problems in large Florida dairy herds the use of Brucella abortus strain 19 vaccination has been re-examined. Cattle were vaccinated with different doses of Brucella abortus strain 19 administered by different routes. On the whole, the route of administration was found to have little influence on the efficacy of the vaccine, although the efficacy of vaccine administered orally was difficult to assess. The reduced doses given subcutaneously was selected as the preferred method for adult cattle vaccination. PMID- 6531957 TI - Multiple comparison of dried BCG vaccines: stability at 37 degrees C and persistence of strains in the mouse spleen. AB - The Gabriel test was used for multiple comparison of the stability of vaccines stored at 37 degrees C over a 28 day period and of the long-term relative persistence capacity (RPC) in mice spleen (residual virulence) over a 547 day period following intravenous vaccination with 12 BCG dried products. Multiple comparisons were performed after rejected null hypotheses (Anova, Regranal), with ranked mean viable units 10(6) ml-1 estimates (VU) of vaccines and with ranked mean RPC values in spleen determined with five sampling and on nine autopsy days, respectively. Results showed that VU X 10(6) ml-1 values of the compared vaccines at day 0 varied between 1.1 and 27.0 X 10(6) ml-1 and formed two homogeneous subsets. The heat stability test showed that the VU X 10(6) ml-1 values of the vaccines decreased parallely but at day 28 only six vaccines showed a survival rate over 20%. The RPC model showed that the trends of early multiplication and of late persistence capacity depended on the i.v. BCG VU doses. The Regranal of late RPC indicated that the decrease of BCG VU in mice spleen from 84 to 547 days was parallel and that six strains persisted over 20% at day 360. The overall RPC on the nine autopsy days of the BCG strains was evaluated with Kendall concordance test. In contrast with pairwise comparison, the Gabriel test reduces the risk of type I error in statistical inference at the 5% experimental level and selects the homogeneous subsets of ranked parameter estimates of the compared products.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6531958 TI - No-fault insurance for vaccine related injuries. Jeffrey O'Connell proposes an alternative insurance scheme for vaccine-injury victims. AB - Under tort law in effect throughout most of the western world, a party injured by adverse effects from a vaccine can be paid under a legal claim only by proving the manufacturer or its product faulty. If successful, the claimant would be paid not only for his medical expense and wage loss but for his pain and suffering. But proving (a) the defendant's conduct or product faulty and (b) the monetary value of nonmonetary loss (pain and suffering) is usually so complex that many injury victims are paid not at all, or only a fraction of their losses in settlement, only after long delay, and only after lawyers on both sides are paid large amounts of insurance dollars in litigation costs. PMID- 6531959 TI - Pre-exposure rabies prophylaxis: efficacy of a new packaging and delivery system for intradermal administration of human diploid cell vaccine. AB - The efficacy of a newly designed syringe prepacked with human diploid cell vaccine in a sufficient quantity to deliver individual 0.1 ml doses intradermally was tested by injecting 40 veterinary students with a single dose on each of days 0, 7 and 28. A second group of 20 students received the ordinary series of three 1.0 ml intramuscular vaccine doses by needle and syringe. All participants in both groups developed neutralizing antibodies to rabies above the suggested minimum of 0.5 international units per ml by day 49. The geometric mean titres were somewhat lower in the group receiving the 0.1 ml doses compared to the group given 1.0 ml doses; however, this was considered of no clinical significance since everyone achieved a titre above the suggested minimum. There was little difficulty in reconstituting the vaccine prepacked in the lumen of the syringe and the syringe was easy to manipulate. PMID- 6531960 TI - Characterization of the genotype and level of attenuation of an influenza A reassortant virus produced by mating the Xia-ts donor virus with A/Beijing/70 (H1N1) wild type virus. AB - Two H1N1 progeny viruses derived by mating the attenuated donor virus, the A/Ningxia/72-ts (H3N2), and the A/Beijing/70 (H1N1) wild type virus were characterized for their genotype and their level of attenuation in susceptible adult volunteers. One progeny virus, clone PX62, was not a reassortant since it received each of its eight RNA segments from the H1N1 wild type virus. THis virus caused febrile influenza illness. Another progeny virus, clone PXH107, was a reassortant which received the genes coding for the surface antigens from the H1N1 parent virus but each of the other six RNA segments from the H3N2 parent virus. This clone was satisfactorily attenuated in susceptible adults and induced an immune response in at least 60% of the vaccinees. These results indicate that the genetic determinants of attenuation of the A/Ningxia/72-ts virus reside on one or more of the RNA segments that do not code for the surface antigens. PMID- 6531961 TI - Use of zwitterionic detergent for the preparation of an influenza virus vaccine. 1: Preparation and characterization of disrupted virions. AB - The zwitterionic, Empigen BB an alkylbetaine based on a C12-C14 alcohol was shown to disrupt influenza A and B viruses in such a way as to retain the biological activity of the surface haemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) antigens. The optimal conditions required to obtain the maximum recovery of HA and NA activity from purified influenza X47 (H3N2) virus concentrate after treatment with Empigen, and the nature and the morphological appearance of the Empigen-treated preparations both before and following a sucrose density gradient purification step, are described. Matrix (M) protein was readily removed during purification, but nucleoprotein (NP) could not be separated from the surface protein activity. PMID- 6531962 TI - Use of a zwitterionic detergent for the preparation of an influenza virus vaccine: 2. Immunogenicity of Empigen-treated virus in animals. AB - The immunogenicity of zwitterionic detergent-disrupted influenza virus vaccine preparations, intact virus vaccine and vaccine preparations obtained by treatment of the intact virus with Triton-X 100 or cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) was studied in hamsters and mice. In all experiments the intact, inactivated virus vaccine induced greater serum haemagglutination-inhibiting (HI) and neuraminidase-inhibiting (NI) antibody titres than the detergent-disrupted preparations. The serum HI antibody responses induced in hamsters and mice by Empigen-, Triton-, or CTAB-disrupted vaccines were similar, although more highly purified Empigen-disrupted preparations elicited marginally lower immune responses. In both animal species, all vaccine preparations afforded a similar degree of protection against homologous virus challenge. PMID- 6531963 TI - Use of recombinant mammalian cell lines for vaccine production. AB - Antiviral vaccines classically were composed of attenuated or inactivated whole virions produced by infection of eukaryotic cells. With the advent of recombinant DNA (rDNA) technology, the strategy for vaccine production has changed dramatically. The gene(s) encoding a specific protein(s) containing the virus neutralizing site(s) can be isolated and transfected into bacteria, yeast or mammalian cells in culture. These transfected or recombinant organisms or cells can be exploited to produce large quantities of the specific protein which subsequently can be developed in a highly purified form for use as a subunit vaccine. The issue which we would like to discuss is the selection of the host used for the expression of recombinant subunit vaccines. PMID- 6531964 TI - Anti-rabies treatment of dog-bite victims in Lagos, Nigeria: trial of suckling mouse brain and fetal bovine kidney cell rabies vaccines. AB - Human rabies is common in Nigeria, a country known for rabies endemicity. Yet the supply of anti-rabies vaccines for human use (adult sheep brain origin, produced locally, and duck embryo and human diploid cell vaccines, imported) is grossly inadequate. This study involved controlled treatment of dog-bite victims with suckling mouse brain (SMBV) or fetal bovine kidney (FBKV) rabies vaccines in an effort to determine which type to recommend for production and use in Nigeria. Dog-bite victims treated were aged three to 74 years, with about equal numbers of males and females. Of the 136 patients, 116 (85.3%) completed at least the primo series of vaccinations, and all have survived without any evidence of clinical rabies. Recipients of the SMBV showed local and generalized reactions in 11.1% and 2.5% of the cases, respectively. Recipients of the FBKV administered subcutaneously showed local and generalized reactions, in 12.5% and 9.4% of cases, respectively. There were no side effects attributable to the vaccine among patients who received the FBKV intramuscularly. By day 7, 26.7% of SMBV recipients and 28.6% of FBKV recipients showed antibody response, with titres of at least one Equivalent Unit ml-1. These percentages increased to 95.1 and 81.1, respectively, by day 14, and by day 20 (for SMBV recipients) or day 30 (FBKV recipients) the response was 100%. Titres dropped by day 90, but in no case to below 1 EU ml-1. We have concluded that both vaccines are equally efficacious and well tolerated. In view of the simple technology required, and the resultant lower cost, the SMBV is being recommended for production and use in Nigeria. PMID- 6531965 TI - Effect of stearoyl-N-acetylmuramyl-L-alanyl-D-isoglutamine on host resistance to Corynebacterium kutscheri infection in cortisone-treated mice. AB - Opportunistic corynebacteriosis was induced successfully by infection with Corynebacterium kutscheri in cortisone-treated mice and the ability of stearoyl-N acetylmuramyl-L-alanyl-D-isoglutamine derivatives in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) solution or encapsulated into liposomes for restoring impaired resistance was examined. 6-O-Stearoyl-N-acetylmuramyl-L-alanyl-D-isoglutamine (L18-MDP) in liposomes and N alpha-acetyl muramyl-L-alanyl-D-isoglutaminyl-N epsilon-stearoyl L-lysine (MDP-Lys-L18) both in PBS solution and in liposomes were shown to restore depressed resistance to infection of C. kutscheri when injected intravenously before infection. Treatment with L18-MDP in cortisone-treated mice inhibited growth of C. kutscheri in the liver and kidney for as long as three days after infection. PMID- 6531966 TI - Biochemical and immunological analyses of the cell surface of Bordetella bronchiseptica isolates with special reference to atrophic rhinitis in swine. AB - The guinea-pig skintest was used to test the pathogenic character of nine Bordetella bronchiseptica isolates derived from a number of different animals. One isolate was non-pathogenic, one showed a doubtful reaction whereas the others were pathogenic. Analysis of the cell envelope protein patterns by sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed only minor differences. Two major protein bands and at least thirty five minor bands were observed. The major protein with an apparent molecular weight of 37000 has properties similar to those of pore proteins of Enterobacteriaceae. Lipopolysaccharides (LPS), analysed by the same technique, could be separated into two fractions, LPS-I and LPS-II. The electrophoretic mobilities of the LPS of the strains were indistinguishable from each other with the exception of that of the non-pathogenic strain, which also differed serologically from that of the other strains. All sera of animals which had been successfully vaccinated with whole B. bronchiseptica cells showed a positive reaction with LPS-I whereas antibodies against the 37000 dalton protein, LPS-II as well as against several other proteins, were also detected in several sera. These results strongly suggest that LPS-I is a protective antigen. LPS-I and the 37000 dalton protein are accessible to antibodies in whole cells. This protein as well as a 28000 dalton protein were found to be located at the cell surface using iodination of whole cells with Iodo-Gen.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6531967 TI - Persistence of rubella antibodies 15 years after subcutaneous administration of Wistar 27/3 strain live attenuated rubella virus vaccine. AB - The rubella-specific antibody levels of children vaccinated with RA 27/3 rubella vaccine have been determined over the 15 years since vaccination. Over the period monitored, titres have declined at a comparable rate to those observed in children who had experienced natural rubella infection. In both cohorts the mean rate of decay was similar throughout the 15 years of the study. One in eleven vaccinated children monitored for the entire period of the study reverted to a state of susceptibility to rubella as judged by routine rubella antibody tests used in practice today. The implications of the findings for rubella prophylaxis are discussed. PMID- 6531968 TI - Studies on the reactogenicity and immunogenicity of the BRD-2 and RA27/3 live attenuated rubella vaccines. AB - A study to compare the reactogenicity and immunogenicity of the BRD-2 and RA27/3 rubella vaccine strains was conducted in GuangXi, China in 1982. Ninety eight susceptible children between two and six years of age, with haemagglutination inhibition (HI) antibody titres of less than 10, were inoculated with RA27/3 vaccine strain. A similar group of 103 children were inoculated with BRD-2 vaccine strain; 110 uninoculated children served as a control group. The percentages of children who had fever reactions were 30.09% for RA27/3, 20.04% for BRD-2, and 24.50% for the uninoculated group. Neither vaccine evoked a high fever reaction. For both vaccines, the seroconversion rates estimated 42 days after immunization were 100%. The geometric mean titre of HI antibody was 144.4 +/- 2.04 for recipients of RA27/3, and 116.1 +/- 2.0 for those vaccinated with BRD-2. The rate of excretion of virus from the nose and throat was 26.67% for the recipients of RA27/3 and 23.08% for those who received BRD-2. No vaccine virus was isolated from the uninoculated susceptibles who were in close contact with the vaccinated children. Furthermore, the latter group remained seronegative when tested after 42 days of contact with the vaccinated. Hence, it appears that both RA27/3 and BRD-2 vaccine viruses have no capacity for being transmitted to unvaccinated contacts. In susceptible adolescents immunized with the BRD-2 vaccine viruses have no capacity for being transmitted to unvaccinated contacts. In susceptible adolescents immunized with the BRD-2 vaccine strain, a mild febrile reaction was observed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6531970 TI - Effect of storage temperatures on opacity and total nitrogen content of cholera vaccine. AB - Fluid cholera vaccine was examined for its stability at 4-8 degrees C, 20-25 degrees C and 37 degrees C with regard to the number of organisms present and the total nitrogen content. Ten batches of fluid cholera vaccine manufactured at the Central Research Institute, Kasauli, India were taken for the study. The number of organisms was determined at weekly intervals for the first month and at monthly intervals for the next 11 months. The percentage loss in the number of organisms after one year averaged 6.5 at 4-8 degrees C, 20.6 at 20-25 degrees C and 21.5 at 37 degrees C. The maximum loss in number of organisms took place during the first six months at these temperatures, in the following six months the number of organisms remained almost constant even at 37 degrees C. The total nitrogen content of the vaccine remained virtually unaltered during the same period. From this study it was concluded that the number of organisms and the total nitrogen content does not reflect the antigenicity nor potency of the vaccine. PMID- 6531969 TI - Vaccination with a live RA 27/3 strain rubella vaccine (Rudivax), a follow-up study. AB - Thirteen-year-old Helsinki schoolgirls were screened for rubella antibodies using fingertip blood specimens and the single radial haemolysis (SRH) test. The seronegative individuals (326/1234; 26.4%) were immunized with the RA 27/3 strain of rubella vaccine (Rudivax). All 326 produced SRH and haemagglutinin inhibition (HAI) antibodies and 129 IgM antibodies (39.4%) detected by enzyme immunoassay in the two-month follow-up serum samples. The incidence and nature of side effects was low. In the twenty-four month follow-up serum samples all individuals had substantial levels of rubella antibodies and no clinical reinfections had occurred during the observation period. PMID- 6531971 TI - [Neurological aspects of closed craniocerebral injury]. PMID- 6531972 TI - [Combined craniocerebral injury and shock]. PMID- 6531973 TI - [Mild craniocerebral injury]. PMID- 6531974 TI - [Prevention and treatment of suppurative complications in craniocerebral injury]. PMID- 6531975 TI - [Age-related aspects of craniocerebral injury]. PMID- 6531976 TI - [Craniocerebral birth injury]. PMID- 6531977 TI - [Mental disorders in craniocerebral injury]. PMID- 6531978 TI - [Immunological aspects of brain injury]. PMID- 6531979 TI - [Forensic medical aspects of craniocerebral injury]. PMID- 6531980 TI - [Current problems of physicochemical medicine]. PMID- 6531981 TI - [Current aspects of the diagnosis and treatment of severe craniocerebral injury in children]. PMID- 6531982 TI - [Experience in using the determination of bone alkaline phosphatase in diseases of the maxillofacial area]. PMID- 6531983 TI - [Determination of the labeling index in specimens of gastric mucosa in nontumorous diseases]. PMID- 6531984 TI - [Use of laser radiation in treating pretumorous and tumorous diseases of the cervix uteri and vulva]. PMID- 6531985 TI - [Late results of using economic operations in breast cancer]. PMID- 6531986 TI - [Current aspects of the epidemiology of breast cancer]. PMID- 6531987 TI - [Morphological changes in capillaries in new foci of psoriatic lesions]. PMID- 6531988 TI - [Complex treatment of patients with unilateral and linear dermatoses using laser acupuncture]. PMID- 6531989 TI - [Man as a source of zoonotic microsporosis caused by Microsporum canis]. PMID- 6531990 TI - [Clinical characteristics of tertiary active syphilis]. PMID- 6531991 TI - [Clinical effectiveness and the role of photochemotherapy in the complex treatment of patients with neurodermatitis]. PMID- 6531992 TI - [Nosological reference-subject card index]. PMID- 6531993 TI - [Dermatomyositis in a patient with melanoma of the foot]. PMID- 6531994 TI - [Early specific lung lesion in a patient with syphilis]. PMID- 6531995 TI - [Short incubation period and atypical regional scleradenitis in syphilis]. PMID- 6531996 TI - [Results of the follow-up of patients with chronic false positive syphilis tests]. PMID- 6531997 TI - [Association of HLA antigens with eczema]. PMID- 6531998 TI - [Characteristics of disorders of phagocytic reactions of neutrophils in patients with pyoderma. Mechanisms of their development and the structure of causative factors]. PMID- 6531999 TI - Capped mRNAs may stimulate the influenza virion polymerase by allosteric modulation. AB - Analogues of the mRNA 5'-terminal methyl cap structure were found to stimulate the influenza virion RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. The single nucleotide analogue m7GMP was incorporated into RNA during transcription in vitro, and the stimulatory effect was not additive with the primer ApG, suggesting that m7GMP stimulates the virion polymerase by priming virus-specific mRNA synthesis, as has been shown for ApG. By contrast, stimulation by m7G(5')ppp(5')m6AM2-O was additive with that by ApG, and we could not demonstrate incorporation of the similar analogue m7G(5')ppp(5')Am2-O into RNA during transcription. We propose that these dinucleotide cap analogues stimulate the virion polymerase by allosteric modulation, independent of priming. This stimulation can be abolished by mutation, without loss of other activities associated with the cap-dependent endonuclease. PMID- 6532000 TI - Localized conserved regions of the S RNA gene products of bunyaviruses are revealed by sequence analyses of the Simbu serogroup Aino virus. AB - The complete nucleotide sequence has been determined for the S RNA of Aino virus, a member of the Simbu serogroup (Bunyavirus genus, family Bunyaviridae). The S RNA is 850 nucleotides long (2.76 X 10(5) daltons) and in the viral complementary sequence has a short 5' non-coding region of 34 nucleotides and a more extensive 3' non-coding region of 117 nucleotides. The 3'-5' complementarity of the Aino S RNA is about 25 residues long, depending on the arrangement. The Aino sequence predicts that, like snowshoe hare (SSH) and La Crosse (LAC) bunyaviruses (Bishop, D.H.L., et al. (1982) Nucleic Acids Res., 10, 3703-3713; Akashi, H. and Bishop, D.H.L. (1983) J. Virol. 45, 1155-1158), there are two S coded gene products, a nucleoprotein N, and a non-structural protein, NSS, that are read from overlapping reading frames in the viral complementary sequence. The Aino N primary gene product is composed of 233 amino acids (26.2 X 10(3) daltons) and is 45% homologous in sequence with that of LAC virus. The NSS protein of Aino virus is composed of 91 amino acids (10.5 X 10(3) daltons) and is 35% homologous in sequence with the LAC NSS protein. Unlike those viruses there are no uridylate tracts longer than 4 residues in the 5' non-coding region of the S viral RNA that could function as a template for polyadenylation of Aino S mRNA species. PMID- 6532001 TI - Correlation between loss of the temperature-sensitive phenotype and pathogenicity of fowl plague virus mutants in the chicken. AB - The reversion of temperature-sensitive (ts) mutants of fowl plague virus to the ts+ phenotype was correlated with pathogenicity for chicken. Two types of ts mutants were investigated: those obtained by mutagenesis with 5-fluorouracil and those obtained by undiluted passages at 33 degrees C. The reversion frequency of the former mutants depended on the RNA segment in which the ts defect was located, mutations in RNA segments 1 and 2 having the highest reversion frequency, those in the RNA segments coding for the glycoproteins the lowest. ts mutants obtained by undiluted passages behaved differently in this respect. There was an approximate correlation between frequency of reversion and pathogenicity for chicken. Double mutants induced by 5-fluorouracil, having one tight and one leaky mutation, reverted easily without loss of the leaky mutation. These double mutants were still to a limited extent pathogenic for the chicken. Only one double mutant with two tight mutations (ts 293) was completely nonpathogenic after intramuscular inoculation. Two ts mutants with multiple tight defects (ts 1/1 and ts 3/18) obtained by undiluted passage did not revert to wild-type after injection into embryonated eggs and incubation at 33 degrees C, but they were still slightly pathogenic for the chicken. There was no obvious correlation between the shut-off temperature and pathogenicity of mutants carrying a single ts defect. However, for mutants with multiple tight mutations a high shut-off temperature seemed to be essential for reversion during serial passages as well as for pathogenicity in the chicken, when different routes of inoculation were examined. ts mutants seem to be safe as live vaccines only, (1) if they carry at least two tight ts defects, (2) if they have a relatively low shut-off temperature, and (3) if they could be administered other than via the respiratory tract. PMID- 6532002 TI - Antibody to poliovirus genome-linked protein (VPg) precipitates in vitro synthesized RNA attached to VPg-precursor polypeptide(s). AB - Antibody to poliovirus genome-linked protein VPg, specifically precipitated RNA synthesized in vitro by the poliovirus replicase and host factor in response to poliovirion RNA. A significant amount of the immunoprecipitated RNA was RNAase T1 resistant, sedimented at approximately 2-4 S and was shown to be largely polyuridylic acid. RNAase A digestion or alkali hydrolysis of the immunoprecipitated RNA left [32P]UMP-labeled material which comigrated on SDS polyacrylamide gels with known VPg-precursor polypeptides. The results presented in this paper suggested that VPg was involved in the host factor-dependent, poliovirus replicase-catalyzed in vitro RNA synthesis, most probably in the form of a larger precursor protein. PMID- 6532003 TI - Biochemical and serological studies of influenza B viruses: comparisons of historical and recent isolates. AB - The genetic characteristics of 24 representative influenza B viruses isolated in widely different geographical areas of the world between 1940 and 1980 were analysed using either RNA:RNA hybridisation or oligonucleotide mapping. Additional biochemical characterisation included electrophoretic analysis of virus-induced polypeptides and virion RNAs. A panel of monoclonal antibodies to virus HA was used to investigate serological relationships between the viruses. The influenza B viruses examined constituted a genetically and serologically related group but mutational changes were detected in all eight genes of the viruses isolated in different eras and also in genes of viruses isolated in the same epidemic year. Regardless of the overall and dominating similarities, at a higher level of discrimination it was clear that certain genetic and serological relationships were more complex than expected and, for example, some recently circulating field viruses were apparently more closely related antigenically and genetically to viruses isolated five to twelve years previously than to other viruses isolated concurrently. No evidence of recombination with hitherto undescribed influenza B viruses and with genes coding for internal proteins was detected. PMID- 6532004 TI - Structure of the influenza C glycoprotein gene as determined from cloned DNA. AB - The complete nucleotide sequence of RNA segment 4 of influenza C/JHB/1/66 virus has been determined, utilizing cloned cDNA derived from the viral RNA segment. The gene is 2073 nucleotides in length, and can code for a polypeptide of 655 amino acids, which corresponds to the viral glycoprotein. The predicted polypeptide has a molecular weight of 72 063, not including oligosaccharides linked to eight predicted glycosylation sites. The influenza C glycoprotein shares structural features with hemagglutinin (HA) glycoproteins of influenza A and B viruses, including three stretches of hydrophobic amino acids believed to function as a signal sequence, a fusion function, and a membrane anchor. However, a substantial part of the protein lacks direct sequence homology to these HA glycoproteins. The results suggest a more distant evolutionary relationship between influenza C virus and influenza A and B viruses, compared to that between influenza A and B themselves. PMID- 6532005 TI - Antibody response to two synthetic peptides corresponding to residues 45-68 and 69-79 of the major protein of hepatitis B surface antigen. AB - Peptides corresponding to amino acid residues 48-65 and 69-79 of the major polypeptide component of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) were synthesized and conjugated to protein (bovine serum albumin and keyhole limpet hemocyanin) and fully synthetic (polyglutaraldehyde and cross-linked liposomes) carriers. The peptide-liposome conjugates appeared the most consistent in eliciting antibodies to HBsAg. Results of competition assays between each of the free synthetic peptides and HBsAg for antibodies suggested that the synthetic analogues and the corresponding segments on intact HBsAg are structurally closely related. PMID- 6532006 TI - Complete nucleotide sequence of the influenza C/California/78 virus nucleoprotein gene. AB - The complete nucleotide sequence of RNA segment 5 of the influenza C/California/78 (C/Cal/78) virus was determined by using cloned cDNA derived from viral RNA. The gene contains 1809 nucleotides and can code for a protein of 565 amino acids with a molecular weight of 63 525. The RNA 5 protein of the influenza C/Cal/78 virus possesses two short regions which share a high degree (60-83%) of sequence homology with the nucleoproteins of influenza A and B viruses. These and other structural features of the RNA 5 protein suggest that RNA 5 of influenza C viruses codes for the nucleoprotein. The data also suggest that influenza C viruses are orthomyxoviruses, but that they are more distantly related to either type A or type B viruses than are influenza A and B viruses to each other. PMID- 6532007 TI - Conditions to enhance transfection in Streptococcus pneumoniae. AB - Enhancement of transfection in the wild-type strain of Streptococcus pneumoniae, which contains normal levels of nucleases, can be achieved by a careful control of the components of the medium. Protection of the donor DNA against the degradation by the nucleases present at the surface of the cell during the adsorption to the physiologically competent bacteria is a necessary condition to obtain an enhanced transfection. Using [3H]thymidine-labeled Dp-4 DNA we have found that maximal levels of DNA uptake and a remarkable stimulation in genetic transfection were obtained in the presence of calcium ions. Concentrations of magnesium ions higher than 2 mM stimulated the extracellular degradation of the donor DNA and inhibited transfection. PMID- 6532008 TI - A specific sub-set of host-cell mRNAs prime influenza virus mRNA synthesis. AB - The host-cell derived RNA primer sequences at the 5' termini of mRNAs of influenza A and B viruses, obtained from sequences of 29 cDNA clones, have been compared. This has been done for clones of five different genome segments from four strains of influenza A and B virus. The results indicate that host RNA primers containing a 3'-terminal Py-G-C-A sequence before the presumed endonuclease cleavage site are preferred for use as primers in influenza virus mRNA synthesis. Primer-extension analyses of the 5'-terminal heterogeneous sequences of in vivo synthesized mRNAs confirm the preference for G-C-A terminated primer fragments, with some differences noted between the transcripts of types A and B influenza virus genome segments. PMID- 6532009 TI - Potentials of capillary gas chromatography in toxicology today. AB - The usefulness, the applicability and the limitations of capillary gas chromatography in various types of toxicological analysis were discussed. Technical parameters of capillary gas chromatography, such as type of injector, type of column with regard to material, size, and stationary phase were assessed in view of the requirements of toxicological analysis. The main advantage of capillary gas chromatography, i.e. high separation power, is unfortunately counterbalanced by low loadability and/or speed of analysis. In the present situation capillary gas chromatography is a method of choice in drug screening despite some disadvantages, but in drug-oriented analysis the conventional chromatography on packed; columns is probably more useful. PMID- 6532010 TI - [Time and state as modifying factors in the morphologic proof of death caused by violence. General observations]. PMID- 6532012 TI - [Analysis of preliminary procedures in suits against physicians at the Aachen Public Prosecutor's Office between 1978 and 1981]. AB - Altogether, 318 preliminary proceedings were initiated against physicians, compared to 2 against nonmedical practitioners. The majority i.e., 192 proceedings, dealt with charges of torture and deprivation of freedom committed against patients under psychiatric treatment. Ninety-nine proceedings were based on negligent bodily injury and negligent homicide and 15 on failure to give medical assistance. Other reasons were given in isolated cases only. The proceedings were mostly initiated against surgeons, psychiatrists, general practitioners, internists, gynecologists, and 2 against nonmedical practitioners (42 because of negligent bodily injury and 48 because of negligent homicide). The charges were dropped in accordance with Section 170,2 StPO in 78 cses, Section 153, 153a and 154 StPO in 7 cases, and there were 7 acquittals and 2 sentences after trial. In the remaining preliminary proceedings, the charges were dropped in 215 cases according to Section 170,2 StPO, and in 2 cases according to Section 153a StPO. Three defendants were sentenced to punishment and 1 received a verdict of not guilty. Thus in most of the preliminary proceedings the charges were dropped. PMID- 6532011 TI - Evaluation of monoclonal anti-A and anti-B and affinity-purified Ulex europaeus lectin I for forensic blood grouping. AB - Two different monoclonal anti-A and anti-B and several different affinity purified Ulex europaeus lectin I reagents were evaluated and compared with conventional anti-A and anti-B sera and Ulex anti-H for serologic properties, in inhibition tests with secretor salivas, and in elution tests with bloodstains. The monoclonal and purified reagents were found to be comparable to conventional ones, and accordingly suitable for forensic inhibition and elution procedures. PMID- 6532013 TI - [Cessation of livor in defined pressure conditions]. AB - In 28 cases of sudden death, the corpses were tested for the effect of different storage temperatures (5 degrees C, 14 degrees-15 degrees C, 25 degrees C) regarding the reaction of livor mortis to known pressure conditions (force and duration of pressure). The reaction is dependent on the storage temperature but there is no linear relationship. At certain storage temperatures the postmortem lividity reaction is dependent on the amount and duration of the pressure. In addition, at defined storage temperature and pressure conditions, there are large interindividual differences in the estimation of time of death. PMID- 6532014 TI - [Hangman's fracture in ventrally flexed traction]. AB - Hangman's fracture in ventrally flexed traction between 10(6) and 75 degrees is analyzed on the basis of 220 fracture trials on plaster of real bone preparations of the atlas and axis of two adults. Hangman's fractures, which are usually regarded as a form of injury from dorsal flexion, occurred in 25% of the fracture trials under this kind of strain. Frequency depended on flexion angle, as well as on inclination of the dens axis. Thus Hangman's fractures occurred, as a whole, more frequently in the kyphotic dens type than in the lordotic type and were found as a rule at 75 degrees flexion. Furthermore, the investigations showed that pedicles can by no means be regarded as the sole predilection site for fracture. A detailed description is provided on why the Hangman's fracture type, due to ventrally flexed traction, can be included in the group of bone injuries arising from flexion, with tensile stress of the dorsal parts of the dens and the corpus axis, on the one hand, and the upper side of the axis arch on the other. Hence, the injury picture ranges from the dorsal arch fracture to the horizontal rupture through the superior articular facies and the corpus axis, as documented by substantial evidence. PMID- 6532015 TI - [Prophylaxis of dental caries using sugar substitutes]. AB - Among the three measures, which are capable of producing a preventive effect against caries only when applied combined, i.e. adequate fluoride supply, proper mouth hygiene and healthy nutrition, the latter is dealt with in greater detail. The use of sugar substitutes is discussed under the aspects of caries prevention, substitute composition and production technology as well as from a medical point of view. Among the presently available sugar substitutes with nutritive value are mentioned Xylite, Lycasine, Mannite, Sorbite, Palatinite, the non-calorific substitutes such as the natural Aspartame as well as the synthetic sweetening agents Saccharine and Cyclamate. The possibilities and limitations of using these sugar substitutes in the prevention of caries in adults and children are presented. PMID- 6532017 TI - [Analysis of trends in stomach and intestinal cancer mortality in Austria]. AB - According to age-standardized mortality rates (European standard population, Fig. 1) and mortality rates by birth cohort and age at death (Fig. 2-7) the trends of mortality of stomach and colorectal cancer (1966-1981/82) were analysed for men and women. In a further step it was examined how far these trends could be explained by the hypothesis "diet and cancer" (western diet). Under the postulation that the manifestation of western diet has reduced the risk of stomach cancer drastically, the risk of colorectal cancer has not increased to the same extent. Moreover, rectal cancer has shown only a slight increase and might even decrease in years to come. Having in mind the increasing risk, diet has no major impact so far. The differences in trends according to age groups and birth cohorts indicate the influence of other factors than diet. Furthermore, it is necessary to deal with colon and rectal cancer separately because of the differences in their trends. PMID- 6532016 TI - [Evaluation of procedures for vaginal disinfection]. AB - At the occasion of the usual preparations preceding gynecological operations the average vaginal bacterial release of 42 patients, already anaesthesized, was assessed by a rinsing technique to be 5,04 +/- 0,98 log10 c.f.u. per ml sampling fluid after aerobic and anaerobic culture. The reduction of this bacterial release caused by the measurement itself is relatively small, therefore the technique was found to be suitable for evaluation of the efficacy of germreducing measures like irrigation or disinfection. An irrigation with isotonic saline during 30 s was measured to reduce the vaginal bacterial release by 0,4 +/- 0,5 log-steps. A solution containing 0,08% chlorhexidine gluconate + 0,1% benzalkon gluconate applicated during 5 min caused a reduction of 1,04 +/- 0,76 and a watery solution of povidone-iodine one of 2,29 +/- 1,00 log-units when used for 3 min. When after disinfection the sustained antimicrobial action of the chlorhexidin-containing preparation was not neutralized already during the sampling process by Tween 80 + lecithine + histidine being contained in the sampling fluid, an erroneously optimistic log reduction of 2,35 +/- 0,48 was measured. From the results it was calculated that 17-23 volunteers are necessary in order to detect with sufficient statistical safety an observed mean log reduction to be 0,5 log-units smaller than a hypothetical minimal reduction of 2,00 log-steps as required provisionally on an arbitrary basis. PMID- 6532018 TI - [Early mother-child relations in relation to the desire for children. Significance of care conditions for the emotional conditioning of the female]. AB - 100 women have been asked using a psychologic open-answer-questionnaire containing items regarding the woman's distinctive features, her pregnancy delivery, puerperium and breastfeeding. Mainly there is a positive relationship to the growing fetus in cases of unwanted pregnancy, too. The highest degree of motivation is reached in the moment of the first contact between mother and newborn. PMID- 6532019 TI - [Metabolism of phosphate-limited Streptomyces cultures. I. Purification and characterization of alkaline phosphatase produced by Streptomyces hygroscopicus]. AB - Alkaline phosphatase from Streptomyces hygroscopicus strain JA 5999-R 27-158 was purified and characterized. The enzyme was found in the culture filtrate and in the mycelium. The phosphatase was extracted from the mycelium and purified by adsorption to DEAE-cellulose. To separate impurities, the crude enzyme solution was heated and the phosphatase purified by chromatography through CM-Sepharose and Sephadex G 100. The specific activity of the resulting enzyme was 1000 microMol/min/mg at 25 degrees C. The molecular weight determined by SDS gel electrophoresis was found to be 56 000. The Michaelis-Menten constant determined with p-nitrophenylphosphate as substrate was Km = 1.25 X 10(-3) M. Phosphatase activity was dependent on the presence of Ca++ and the maximum activity of enzyme with p-nitrophenylphosphate as substrate was found at pH 9.2. The pI as detected by isoelectric focusing was at pH 5.6. Temperatures from 30 degrees to 75 degrees C did not affect the stability of the enzyme. The alkaline phosphatase exhibited high substrate specificity; of various phosphomonoesters tested, only p nitrophenylphosphate, methylumbelliferyl-phosphate, phosphoenolpyruvate, ADP, ATP and tyrosine-O-phosphate was hydrolysed. The activity was inhibited by NAF, Na2P2O7 and EDTA. The involvement of the alkaline phosphatase in the regulation of secondary metabolism was discussed. PMID- 6532020 TI - [Metabolism of phosphate-limited Streptomyces cultures. II. Purification and characterization of acid phosphatase from culture filtrates of turimycin producing Streptomyces hygroscopicus]. AB - Acid phosphatase was purified from culture filtrates of Streptomyces hygroscopicus strain JA 6599-R 27/158. Method used included as first step either ammonium sulfate precipitation or adsorption of acid phosphatase on Bentonit and the desorption of enzyme from Bentonit with alkaline buffers, adsorption to DEAE cellulose, column chromatography on Sephadex G 50 and isoelectric focusing in Sephadex gel. The specific activity of the resulting enzyme was 51 muMol/min/mg at 25 degrees C and pH of 6.25 with p-nitrophenylphosphate as substrate. The pI detected by isoelectric focusing was at pH 7.25. The molecular weight determined by gel chromatography and by SDS electrophoresis was found to be 27 000. The pH dependence of hydrolytic activity of acid phosphatase was substrate specific. The enzyme was found to hydrolyze essentially at pH 6.2 phosphoenolpyruvate, ATP, ADP, fructose-1,6-diphosphate and tyrosine-O-phosphate. The activity was inhibited by phosphate, molybdate, arsenate, vanadate, pyrophosphate and tetraborate. In the culture medium the acid phosphatase caused the release of phosphate from solid and soluted substrates. Therefore the involvement of acid phosphatase in the regulation of secondary metabolism was discussed. PMID- 6532021 TI - Comparison of the bio-physical and biological properties of staphylococcal protein-A extracted by salt-washing and conventional procedure. AB - Staphylococcal protein A could be extracted in large amounts by simple stirring of the cells with physiological saline (pH 7.8). The amount of protein A obtained by the technique was found to be the same as obtained by lysozyme/lysostaphin techniques (45 micrograms/ml). The protein A extracted by salt-washing technique was of higher molecular weight (71,000) and differing in some biological properties like complement fixation from the protein A prepared by lysostaphin technique. PMID- 6532022 TI - Leptospiral attachment to cultured cells. AB - Each virulent strain of copenhageni, canicola and pomona of Leptospira interrogans attached effectively to MDCK cells and primary dog kidney cells, while the avirulent or less virulent line of the same strain and avirulent strains belonging to the same serovars and the avirulent reference strains of other serovars did not. Inhibition of the attachment of the virulent copenhageni to MDCK cells was found in the presence of the homologous immunoglobulin G Fab fragment. Strains of L. biflexa attached to the animal cells, but they differed from those of virulent L. interrogans in their capability to attach to glass. PMID- 6532023 TI - Fatty acid composition of a Propionibacterium acnes vaccine and its relationship to immunostimulatory activity. AB - The distribution of lipids of Propionibacterium acnes (Corynebacterium parvum) vaccine strain in chloroform-methanol, ethanol and light petroleum extracts was determined. Firmly bound lipids released by hydrolysis were also investigated. The petroleum extract differs from other lipidic fractions in its fatty acid composition. The presence of linolic, tuberculostearic and 10-ketostearic acids and branched fatty alcohols was observed in addition to previously described fatty acids of P. acnes. Changes in fatty acid composition during growth of the vaccine strain were determined and extremes were found at 95 h of cultivation. These extremes coincided with a maximum in the immunostimulatory efficiency as measured by the spleen enlargement test. The biological activity of static and stirred cultures of the vaccine strain was in correlation with their fatty acid composition. PMID- 6532024 TI - Immediate type hypersensitivity in murine coccidiosis. AB - Subcutaneous injection of soluble merozoite antigen into the footpad of mice previously infected with Eimeria falciformis caused an immediate type hypersensitivity as measured by footpad swelling (FPS). This reaction was first demonstrable ten days after the infection. Maximal values were achieved on day 13, and later on the intensity of FPS decreased. Increase in the dose of oocysts or in the number of infections did not enhance the degree of FPS. The reaction was transferable to normal recipients with immune serum. PMID- 6532025 TI - Epidemiological aspects of canine leptospirosis in the Netherlands. AB - The epidemiology of canine leptospirosis has been examined in a limited study in the Netherlands from 1969 through 1982. Leptospira interrogans serotype icterohaemorrhagiae and canicola were found to be the only serotypes causing clinical leptospirosis. However, positive agglutination titres to the serotypes grippotyphosa, bratislava, poi and ballum have also been detected. The incidence of infection caused by serotype icterohaemorrhagiae was highest during summer and autumn. Infections with serotype canicola were more evenly distributed over the year with only a slight increase during summer and autumn. Infections caused by serotype canicola were significantly more prevalent in male dogs, whereas infections with serotype icterohaemorrhagiae were found both in males and females in almost equal numbers. The incidence of infections with serotype icterohaemorrhagiae was highest in immature dogs. Infections with serotype canicola were detected in young as well as older animals. In contrast to the situation in the past, infections with serotype icterohaemorrhagiae are now more common than those caused by serotype canicola, which have become rare. The highest incidence of infection was found in the western part of the country. The majority of infections was demonstrated in guard-dogs and sporting-dogs. Dogs proved to be of minor importance as a source of human infection in the Netherlands. PMID- 6532026 TI - Abstracts of papers presented at the 11th meeting of the Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Parasitologie e. V., Bad Harzburg, 10.-14.4.1984. PMID- 6532027 TI - [23d intersectional meeting of the Surgical Section of the Society of Croatian Physicians and the Surgical Section of the Slovenian Medical Society. 12-15 October 1983, Maribor-Radenci]. PMID- 6532028 TI - Controlled endotoxinemia in pigs. A suitable model for in vivo studies of some haemodynamic, humoral and cellular reactions. AB - To study the haemodynamic, cellular and humoral changes seen during septicemia endotoxinemia a relatively large animal is needed. Pigs are satisfactory in size but have a tendency to develop malignant hyperthermia reaction to stress situations and certain anaesthetic agents. This problem was solved using a screening test of halothane exposure. When later used for experiments, the nonresponding pigs developed the typical hypokinetic low-flow state after endotoxin challenge seen in the advanced stage of septicemia in man. Decreased number of circulating leucocytes and platelets, increased tissue thromboplastin production in monocytes, and a significant coagulation disorder (DIC) were observed. Release of oxygen radicals and lysosomal enzymes from leucocytes could be estimated. Endotoxin levels in plasma were easily measured. This pig model of controlled endotoxinemia correlates well with some important haemodynamic, cellular and humoral reactions observed during human in vivo observations and in vitro studies. This model may thus be a valuable tool in clinical research of endotoxinemia and septicemia. PMID- 6532029 TI - Infectious complications after splenectomy. AB - The incidence of early infectious complications after splenectomy was retrospectively studied in 133 patients operated on between 1975 and 1982. Comparisons were made with a control group. Among the patients in whom splenectomy was performed because of trauma, iatrogenic injury during surgery for benign disorders, as a staging operation in malignant lymphoma or for haematologic reasons, the rate of early postoperative infection ranged from 14 to 29%. In the controls, who underwent selective proximal vagotomy in the same period, the post-operative infection rate was 5%. Of the 133 patients in the splenectomy group, 17 were subsequently hospitalized for infectious disorders (18 months-8 years postoperatively). Because of the high incidence of postoperative infections, prophylactic antibiotic treatment in connection with splenectomy is recommended. PMID- 6532030 TI - The effect of severe trauma on muscle energy metabolism in man. AB - Muscle energy metabolism after severe trauma was studied in four nutritionally isocaloric groups of patients, receiving different amounts of glucose, fat and nitrogen. Muscle biopsy was performed 2, 4, 8 and 30 days after trauma. The pattern of energy metabolites was similar in all groups. Adenosine triphosphate was decreased on day 8, with further fall on day 30. Phosphoryl-creatine was reduced from day 2 onwards. Concomitant creatine increase gave a constant total creatine pool up to day 8 post-trauma. Lactate was increased and glycogen moderately decreased. The single exception to the pattern was greater increment of lactate and maintenance of glycogen levels in the specimens from groups with high glucose intake. The reduction in high-energy phosphates could have resulted from impaired substrate utilization or rapid degradation of tissue energy stores. The glucose and the lipid system were equally effective in supporting the cellular energy status after severe trauma. PMID- 6532031 TI - Snowmobiling injuries: types and consequences. AB - In a prospective study from northern Sweden, a series of 137 persons injured in snowmobiling accidents was analyzed. Most of the injured riders were males aged 10 to 39 years. Almost two-thirds of the accidents occurred at week-ends and the frequency was highest in the months of March and April. Three of four persons were injured during racing or leisure activities. The accidents most often involved sudden arrest of the snowmobile due to collision with an obstacle, or fall from the machine while driving it. The injuries were of major degree (MAIS greater than or equal to 2) in almost half of the cases and the lower extremities were the most commonly injured sites. In-patient care was required by 28% of the injured, for on average 11 days. Sickness insurance benefit was received by 64%, mean 48 days. The cost of treatment and sickness benefit averaged 8 000 SEK per case. PMID- 6532032 TI - Palpable breast tumours: "triple diagnosis" and operative strategy. Results of a prospective study. AB - A prospective study of 292 consecutive patients with 303 tumours was performed to appraise the combination of physical examination, mammography and fine-needle puncture (triple test) in the diagnosis of breast tumours. The diagnostic accuracy of the triple test was 100%. Because of its relative smallness, however, the series does not permit the conclusion that a benign result of triple test makes excisional biopsy unnecessary. It is emphasized that a follow-up regimen with participation of radiologists and cytologists is required. Fine-needle puncture with cytologic examination of the aspirate is recommended as a routine procedure in the diagnosis of breast tumours. PMID- 6532033 TI - Traumatic disruption of the thoracic aorta. AB - Fourteen cases of injury to the thoracic aorta treated in 1959-1981 are reviewed. Acute rupture was present in nine patients and chronic post-traumatic aneurysm in five. Most of the patients had other, associated injuries, and physical signs of the aortic injury were often scanty. Widening of the mediastinum was the most common roentgenographic finding. All the aortic ruptures were localized to the isthmus. One patient declined surgery. Another died on the operating table just before surgery was started. A third patient died peroperatively from severe bleeding when the aneurysm was dissected free. All of the other 11 patients survived operation without major complications. At follow-up (mean 10 years), ten patients were alive and well and one had died of unrelated cause. The most recent operations were performed with the aid of a TDMAC (Gott) shunt, which makes aortic repair safe and simple. Because aortic trauma often is accompanied by other, severe injuries which make transportation of the patient risky, and so as not to delay operation, the aortic lesions should be repaired at general surgical units. If necessary, a thoracic surgeon should be brought to the hospital. PMID- 6532034 TI - Esophagectomy and colon interposition for benign esophageal stricture. AB - Esophagectomy with colon interposition for nonmalignant esophageal stricture was evaluated in 41 patients, 18 with peptic and 23 with lye stricture. Four of the 41 patients died in the postoperative period and 12 had nonfatal complications of surgery. At long-term evaluation, 25 of 31 patients complained of postural regurgitation and 9 had disturbing symptoms related to retention in the graft. The long-term clinical and radiologic results showed no deterioration from the immediate postoperative period. The complications associated with colon interposition clearly restrict indications for its use in benign conditions. Interposition should be used in peptic stricture only when other methods have failed. In chronic lye stricture, interposition is justified by the irreversible nature of the lesion and its predisposition to malignant change. PMID- 6532035 TI - Antrectomy. Roux-en-Y reconstruction and vagotomy for recurrent reflux oesophagitis. AB - Total duodenal diversion by gastric resection, Roux-en-Y reconstruction and vagotomy has been suggested as treatment of recurrent reflux oesophagitis, to avoid the increased risk of gastric and oesophageal fistulas associated with repeated antireflux surgery. A report is presented of this procedure in six patients with previous failed antireflux surgery. At follow-up (mean 17 months) the result was classified as good in three cases, moderately good in two and poor in one case. PMID- 6532036 TI - Effect of cimetidine on HCl-taurocholate-induced esophageal mucosal injury. AB - The effect of the histamine H2-receptor antagonist, cimetidine, on the resistance of esophageal mucosa was investigated in an experimental model of acute esophagitis. Esophagitis was induced by perfusing an isolated segment of rabbit esophagus in situ with a solution containing HCl and taurocholate, with or without pretreatment with cimetidine (10 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg i.m.). The degree of esophageal mucosal integrity changes in transmucosal potential difference as well as mucosal permeability to H+, Na+ and two neutral molecules of different sizes, 3H-H2O and 14C-erythritol. The gross mucosal damage was also estimated. The results indicated that cimetidine in the larger dose (100 mg/kg) significantly diminished the permeability changes in esophageal mucosa induced by exposure to HCl-taurocholate, thus seeming to enhance the resistance of that mucosa against damage. In contrast, the smaller dose (10 mg/kg) did not significantly modulate the permeability changes induced by HCl-taurocholate. It is concluded that, although high doses of cimetidine seem to have a direct protective action on esophageal mucosa, the beneficial influence of therapeutic cimetidine dose given for clinical esophagitis is mainly mediated by its antisecretory action. PMID- 6532037 TI - The mechanism of Nissen fundoplication. AB - Six patients with objectively proven reflux oesophagitis were studied in association with fundoplication. Intraoperative manometry was performed with a conventional station-pull-through technique, using a constantly perfused catheter (1 ml/min) with four side holes. The drugs used for general anaesthesia did not influence the lower oesophageal sphincter. The lower oesophageal pressure was measured before and after fundoplication, after filling the stomach with 200 ml of air, and after gastric compression. The rise in lower oesophageal pressure after fundoplication varied widely, from 1 to 25 (mean 10) mmHg. After the gastric compression, the oesophageal pressure rise (mean 7, range 3-11 mmHg) corresponded to the increase in intragastric pressure (mean 6, range 4-8 mmHg). The results of the study suggested that the tightening effect of fundoplication on the distal oesophagus may not explain the antireflux mechanism of the operation. Instead the fundoplication seems to function as a flutter-valve. PMID- 6532038 TI - Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) in patients with jaundice and suspected biliary obstruction. AB - During a 4-year period (1978-1982), 206 patients were examined with endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) because of jaundice with suspected biliary obstruction. The total of examinations was 223. Duodenoscopy with ERCP gave a positive primary diagnosis in 160 cases (78%), six (4%) of which later proved to be incorrect. Extrahepatic obstruction could be excluded in 16 patients with normal cholangiogram (8%). Clinically relevant information thus was obtained in 176 cases (85%). The main cause of extrahepatic obstruction was common bile duct stone(s), which were found in 73 patients. Immediate endoscopic sphincterotomy was performed in 64 of them and cleared the duct of stones in 54 (84%). Benign stenosis of the ampulla of Vater was relieved with endoscopic sphincterotomy in six patients. Malignant bile duct obstruction was diagnosed in 56 patients, and in three of them an endoprosthesis for internal drainage of the biliary tract was endoscopically inserted. Immediate complications after ERCP without endoscopic sphincterotomy occurred in 5 of 136 patients (4%), one of whom died. The authors conclude that ERCP is a rapid, reliable and safe diagnostic method in patients with extrahepatic biliary obstruction. PMID- 6532039 TI - Incidence and significance of ultrastructural changes in the common bile duct in lithiasis with dilatation of the duct. AB - Scanning electron microscopy was used to define the difference in incidence of morphologic changes between dilated and non-dilated common bile ducts in patients with choledocholithiasis. In the dilated ducts there were large, crater-like fenestrations in the epithelial surface, associated with focal epithelial sloughing. The incidence of such changes was significantly greater than in the non-dilated ducts. The mechanism of the changes is postulated to comprise biliary stasis and subepithelial infiltration of bile through epithelial fenestrations. PMID- 6532040 TI - Continuous peritoneal lavage after experimental caecal perforation. Increase in survival prevented by lack of adhesion formation. AB - The effect of continuous peritoneal irrigation on adhesion formation and survival rate was investigated in rats with faecal peritonitis induced by a caecal perforation. When no treatment was thereafter given, extensive adhesion formation and covering of the perforation were found at autopsy. Continuous peritoneal lavage did not increase the survival rate, but at autopsy no adhesion formation was seen and the perforation was wide open, permitting continued soiling. PMID- 6532041 TI - The effect of relative bowel rest on healing of colonic anastomoses. Breaking strength and collagen in the colonic wall following left colon resection and anastomosis in the rat. AB - The breaking strength of anastomoses in the left colon in the early phase of healing was studied in rats fed low residue diet (Biosorbin MCT) and the results were compared to those from rats fed standard laboratory diet. Further, eventual correlation between mechanical strength development and collagen content in the colonic wall around the anastomosis was evaluated. The anastomotic strength with sutures in place decreased by approximately 30% of the immediate postoperative value during the first two days in both groups of animals. There was no correlation between changes in anastomotic strength and collagen content at that time. After the second day there was a gradual increase of anastomotic strength, reaching the strength at day 0 after 7 days. The regain of strength was mainly due to collagen deposition in the anastomosis. Despite more collagen deposition in animals on standard laboratory diet the anastomoses had comparable strength development in the two groups. It was concluded that low residue diet does not impair the suture holding capacity or the anastomotic strength. Instead there was some evidence for a more uncomplicated healing when the bowel content was diminished. PMID- 6532042 TI - The effect of relative bowel rest on healing of colonic anastomoses. Collagen synthesis and content in the colonic wall after left colon resection and anastomosis in the rat. AB - Collagen metabolism was studied in the colonic wall of rats after standardized resection and anastomosis. Diminished faecal loading was obtained by feeding rats low-residue diet (Bisorbin MCT). The postoperative increase of collagen synthesis and collagen content was on a lower level in these rats than in rats on standard laboratory diet. The increase was confined to the immediate anastomotic region and presumably represented changes in collagen caused by the operative trauma per se. It was concluded that the intraluminal content is an important factor in stimulating collagen turnover. The findings of lower collagen turnover in the anastomotic area in animals on low-residue diet may have positive significance, but could also imply impairment of healing. For elucidation of this question, studies on mechanical strength of the anastomosis are necessary. PMID- 6532043 TI - Local recurrence following anterior resection for carcinoma of the rectum with a stapled anastomosis. AB - Forty-four patients underwent an anterior resection for carcinoma of the rectum using the EEA stapling device. After a two-year follow-up period, two patients had developed a local recurrence alone, and four a local recurrence in the presence of disseminated disease. These were compared to a group of 108 patients with carcinoma of the rectum who had an anterior resection with a hand-sewn anastomosis. There was no difference in the incidence of local recurrence between the two groups. PMID- 6532044 TI - Sexual dysfunction after low anterior resection for midrectal cancer. AB - Forty-nine patients under the age of 65 years, who had a low anterior resection performed for cancer of the midrectum, were interviewed. Eight patients were sexually inactive before the operation and were excluded. Postoperatively thirty five had normal sexual function. Two male patients developed transient erectile impotence while two female patients had given up active sexual life after the operation because of dyspareunia. Two patients, one male and one female had permanent impairment. It is concluded, that severe sexual dysfunction can be seen after low anterior resection for cancer, but no early conclusion about permanent sexual dysfunction should be drawn. PMID- 6532045 TI - A modified technique for stapled anastomosis after the Hartmann procedure. AB - In 15 patients the intestinal continuity after Hartmann's operation was restored by a stapling technique which facilitates anastomosis without mobilization of the 'blind' rectal stump. No signs of anastomotic leak was observed, and at follow-up 6-12 months later there were no strictures. PMID- 6532046 TI - [Pathogenesis of anemia in collagen disease (I). Heme synthesis of bone marrow erythroblasts in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and the effect of peripheral blood mononuclear cells and sera]. PMID- 6532047 TI - [Cytocidal effects of fusarium-toxin on hematopoietic stem cells]. PMID- 6532048 TI - [A case of sideroblastic anemia associated with acquired hemoglobin H]. PMID- 6532049 TI - [5q- anomaly found in preleukemia and leukemia with special reference to its involved segment]. PMID- 6532050 TI - [Case report of sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy in a Japanese male with symptoms of dyspnea and visual disturbance]. PMID- 6532051 TI - [The effects of megakaryocytic stimulators on the characterization of murine megakaryocytic colonies in a liquid culture system]. PMID- 6532052 TI - Hemophilia B variants. PMID- 6532053 TI - Abnormal fibrinogens. PMID- 6532054 TI - Multipotential hemopoietic colonies in single-cell cultures. PMID- 6532055 TI - [Health effects of volcanic ashes from Mt. Sakurajima on the school children]. PMID- 6532056 TI - [Studies on the development and growth of experimental gastric carcinoma in dogs induced by N-ethyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (ENNG)]. PMID- 6532057 TI - [Experimental studies and clinical investigations on natural killer (NK) activity -NK activity in tumor bearing nude mice and in patients with cancer of digestive organs]. PMID- 6532058 TI - [Study of mucin histochemistry of the mucous cell of the colon--with special reference to its relationship to colonic cancer]. PMID- 6532059 TI - [Clinicosurgical studies of mediastinal tumors and experimental studies of thymoma]. PMID- 6532060 TI - [Clinical studies on the lymph flow of the stomach by radioisotope lymphography- with special reference to a comparison with lymph node metastasis of stomach cancer]. PMID- 6532061 TI - [Clinical studies on the lymphatic metastasis of pulmonary cancer--especially the investigation on the intrapulmonary and hilar lesions]. PMID- 6532062 TI - [Experimental studies on radiosensitivity of human gastric cancer transplanted into nude mice]. PMID- 6532063 TI - [Fine distribution of lymphatic vessels in adenoma of the large intestine]. PMID- 6532064 TI - [Studies of the histopathological effect of preoperative adjuvant cancer chemotherapy by one shot infusion via bronchial artery and prognosis of primary lung cancer]. PMID- 6532065 TI - [Analysis of serum proteins in patients with gastric cancer--with special reference to the blood of the nutrient artery and vein of tumor]. PMID- 6532066 TI - [Clinicopathological and surgical study of carcinoma of the cardia--with special reference to invasion into the esophagus and its relation to the operative procedures]. PMID- 6532067 TI - [A study on immune response of regional lymph nodes in patients with lung cancer]. PMID- 6532068 TI - A practical perspective on low, minimal and closed system anesthesia. PMID- 6532069 TI - Closed and low flow systems. Theoretical considerations. PMID- 6532070 TI - Practical experience with more than 60,000 closed circuit anesthesias. Traditional and future implications of the closed circuit concept. AB - In a twelve year period, over 60,000 anesthesias were administered using a completely closed anesthesia system. Our results show that even in these days, when the cost of anesthetic gasses and vapours are small compared to the total cost of operative medical treatment, a substantial reduction in cost is still possible by using Closed Circuit Anesthesia (CCA). During normal anesthetic practice using semi open or semi closed anesthesia systems 70% to 95% of the anesthetic gases and vapours are wasted, though this medical contribution to the environmental pollution with halogenated hydrocarbons is small compared to industrial and domestic output, we have a firm ideological standpoint in this matter, and we believe that also from this point of view we should minimise our "anesthetic wastes" as much as possible. Probably the most important reason to use CCA however is the optimal conditioning of the inspired gasses, and the increased monitoring possibilities. New promising anesthesia machines are under development, which will be able to administer CCA in a completely automatic fashion, this in contrast to the classic manually controlled and ventilated CCA systems. PMID- 6532071 TI - Use of isoflurane in closed circuit. Measurement of anesthetic uptake. AB - A totally closed circuit is described into which a liquid volatile anesthetic is injected by a servomechanism to maintain end-tidal anesthetic concentration at a constant preset level during positive pressure ventilation. This equipment has been used to measure the uptake of isoflurane, at an end-tidal concentration of 1.55% (1.3 MAC) in the first half hour of anesthesia in 26 patients undergoing elective surgery. The rate of uptake was found to be rapid initially but became constant after 15 minutes. Uptake varied considerably, the standard deviation of the rate of uptake being approximately one third of the mean at any one time. The total uptake of isoflurane at 30 minutes was correlated with 5 anthropometric variables, body surface area, body weight, body weight 3/4, fat free body mass and fat body mass. Significant (P less than .01) correlations were found with the first four of these, the best being with surface area (correlation coefficient 0.629). No anthropometric variable provided a correlation on which anesthetic dose could be reliably predicted and we therefore conclude that administration of isoflurane in a closed circuit is best controlled in response to direct in circuit analysis. Methods based on anthropometric variables will be inaccurate. PMID- 6532072 TI - Technical conception for an anesthesia system with electronic metering of gases and vapors. AB - The technical conception for an anesthesia system will be presented, which is designed to measure and to meter anesthetic gases and anesthetic vapor under computer control. By these means the oxygen supply and anesthetic vapor supply to the patient can be automated, which should allow to improve the patient's safety during anesthesia. In order to meet these objectives novel systems for measurement and metering of gases and anesthetic vapors have to be developed. Prototypes of these components will be described and a first design proposal for the anesthesia system will be presented. PMID- 6532073 TI - Lung volume measurement during closed circuit anesthesia. AB - Lung volume measurement can be of interest to anesthesists as well as respiratory physicians, both as a diagnostic tool and as a way to monitor the effect of respiratory therapy (for instance PEEP ventilation). Several methods exist to measure lung volume. Only two of them can be applied easily during mechanical ventilation. The wash-in wash-out of insoluble inert gas can be used in non rebreathing (semi open) systems, or the equilibration of an inert insoluble gas which can be used in completely closed systems. In our department a completely closed anesthesia system has been developed which is particularly well suited for the equilibration method of lung volume measurement. Just like the wash-out method, the equilibration method can give information about the uniformity of ventilation-distribution within the lung. PMID- 6532074 TI - Real time mathematical analysis of instantaneous respiratory signals at the bedside by a multiprocessor system (PAMS). AB - The authors address the following problems: How to turn a mass spectrometer, or a set of individual gas sensors, into a real and useful medical instrument? In other words, how to transform the instantaneous gas composition signals into meaningful physiological variables? The parameters that can be computed breath by breath from the real time processing of gas concentration signals, combined with flow and pressure signals at the mouth are first described. Particularly, we point out the theoretical and practical importance of alveolo-capillary gas exchange parameters, as opposed to gas exchange parameters estimated at the mouth level: A-c exchange parameters are a more sensitive and more specific indicator of any physiological change and they are less sensitive to breath by breath fluctuations of ventilation. We discuss the clinical usefulness of breath by breath computations, as a more sensitive way to monitor the patient as well as the anesthesia circuit, and to generate all the information required for on line analysis of functional tests. We describe a system for the real time processing of the respiratory signals. Based on three microprocessors it takes over the calibration, the offset correction of each signal ... It also corrects for the dynamics of each sensor and resynchronizes all the signals. It computes breath by breath more than 50 physiological variables that can be either recorded analogically, either printed, either acquired by a general monitoring system of the patient, which then combines respiratory data with other physiological. therapeutical and medical data from the patient. PMID- 6532075 TI - Mass spectrometer evaluation of closed and low flow anesthesia systems. PMID- 6532076 TI - [Patellar constraint]. PMID- 6532077 TI - The measurement of the anteversion of the femoral component of a total prosthesis of the hip. PMID- 6532079 TI - [Fractures of the clavicle. Study of 17 cases operated on using intramedullary nailing. Value of the Knowles pin]. PMID- 6532078 TI - [Posterior luxations of the elbow in children]. PMID- 6532080 TI - [Results of the treatment of complex fractures of the distal epiphysis of the radius by Hoffmann's external fixator used in radio-metacarpal distraction]. PMID- 6532081 TI - Intra-articular pressures and intraosseous pressure in the human knee and its implication for patello-femoral pain syndromes. An experimental study using simulated joint effusion. PMID- 6532082 TI - Comparison between radiologic lower extremity angles of femur and tibia and articular surface pressure measurements in gonarthrosis treated by high tibial osteotomy. PMID- 6532083 TI - [Luxations of the proximal end of the radius in children]. PMID- 6532084 TI - [Fractures and luxations of the astragalus]. PMID- 6532085 TI - [Treatment of comminuted fractures of the femoral diaphysis by percutaneous nailing locked with Geneste's clamp plate]. PMID- 6532086 TI - [Acute arachnoid cyst, a rare complication of fractures of the spine]. PMID- 6532087 TI - [Percutaneous tire-lever maneuver in the emergency reduction of very displaced suprametaphyseal fractures of the inferior fourth of the radius in children]. PMID- 6532088 TI - [Injuries caused by wheel spokes. Value of the cutaneo-aponeurotic flap]. PMID- 6532089 TI - [Neck cysts and fistulas. Embryological rest structures]. AB - During the fourth week the human embryo develops a group of five paired arches at the cranial end. These are the branchial arches, soon completed by the formation of four ectodermal invaginations or branchial clefts and four endodermal branchial pouches. These primary organs will mostly disappear; the remaining form the definite head and neck structures. The congenital persistance of abnormal tissue is at the origin of congenital neck anomalies known as branchial cysts or fistulae and the thyreoglossal cyst or fistula. The localisation and course of these fistulae based on their embryological origin are predictable. The diagnosis is essentially clinical. The treatment is early surgical resection. PMID- 6532090 TI - [Caloric tests measured with ENG. Evaluation with the microcomputer]. AB - After introduction of the post caloric nystagmus frequency and amplitude measured on the ENG tracing, a BASIC program for pocket computer calculate, among others, the slow phase velocity, the PD, PL and ocular fixation indices. PMID- 6532092 TI - [Standardization of rhinomanometry]. PMID- 6532091 TI - [Therapeutic approach with a pregnant woman with facial paralysis caused by a cholesteatoma]. PMID- 6532093 TI - [Use of the Shapiro vocal button in total pharyngolaryngo-esophagectomy with digestive transposition]. PMID- 6532094 TI - Experimental contribution to the origin of brain-stem potentials. AB - The origin of the different BSP waves is open to discussion. In this work we analyze the response curves with surface and intranuclear electrodes in cats, both before and after inducing electrolytic lesions in acute and chronic phase, in order to study the subsequent alterations. We found that waves whose origins are attributed to specific regions of the acoustic pathway when carried out with surface electrodes, fail to correspond with the results obtained by intranuclear electrodes. On the other hand, although the lesions to the lowest part of the acoustic pathway (cochlear nuclei) cause important alterations in the recordings, these alterations become smaller as the lesions are induced higher up the pathway. Thus, we believe that the origin of the different BSP waves is due to the sum of potentials of different zones of neuron activation, and not to specific locations of the acoustic pathway; this is more evident in the delayed waves. PMID- 6532095 TI - [The effect of swimming on the nasal passages and on tube function in children]. AB - In two studies the authors want to confirm experimentally what is assumed in every day ENT-practice: otitis and sinusitis are not infrequent complications of swimming. The first study, involving 60 children with chronic non-specific lung diseases shows that swimming in a sea water pool increases the nasal airway resistance during two days. In the second study, performed in 32 normal children swimming in a chlorous pool, a negative relationship is found between the number of days after the swimming and the increased nasal airway resistance. Probably other factors also play a part in this phenomenon. Due to the too small number of children showing an otitis media with effusion, the influence of swimming on the function of the Eustachian tube could not be determined. PMID- 6532096 TI - [Indications, technic and long-term results of surgery of the nasal pyramid and septum in children]. AB - Since the operation of submucous resection of the septum has been replaced by septoplasty, the indication for nasal surgery in children has increased. They may be divided into four categories, which by order of importance are: Re establishment of nasal function (95%); severe nasal allergy provoked by deformity; psychological factors associated with deformities and cosmetic factors related to gross congenital deformities. Septoplasty must preserve three zones: Central zone, the anterior edge of the septum and supra-premaxillary region. Rhinoplasty is less dangerous than septoplasty in children. Surgery of the turbinates is often necessary in conjunction with the preceding operations. The authors present several examples of long term results (before and after puberty). PMID- 6532097 TI - [Opsoclonus. Oculographic recording]. AB - The oculographic recording exposed by the authors in this study shows the difference between the opsoclonus and the abnormal movements: particularly the flutter and the dysmetria. The otologist must be interested to recognize it in his daily practice. PMID- 6532098 TI - [Personal experience with a myocutaneous flap of the greater pectoralis muscle in reconstructive cervicofacial surgery. Apropos of 27 flaps]. AB - The authors review 27 pectoralis major myocutaneous flaps in head and neck cancer surgery. The indications and applications are discussed. Some technical aspects are pointed out. The results are analyzed and compared with data in the published literature. Because of its numerous advantages, the pectoralis major musculocutaneous flap does establish a real progress in the surgical treatment of head and neck cancer. PMID- 6532099 TI - [Optokinetic nystagmus (OKN) and optokinetic after nystagmus (OKAN) in man after prolonged optokinetic stimulation. Statistical studies]. PMID- 6532101 TI - Traumatic facial paralysis. PMID- 6532100 TI - [Long-term follow-up of language development in a group of hypoacoustic children]. PMID- 6532102 TI - [Test-retest variability in healthy subjects and multiple sclerosis patients]. PMID- 6532103 TI - [Precautionary radiotherapy of the lateral cervical lymph nodes in carcinoma of the head and neck]. PMID- 6532104 TI - [Long-term surgical results in cancer of the larynx]. PMID- 6532105 TI - [Fine-needle aspiration cytology of the cervical lymph nodes]. PMID- 6532106 TI - [Epidermoid carcinoma of the pharyngo-laryngeal area with sarcomatous-like stroma: histochemical study]. PMID- 6532107 TI - [Microcirculatory studies in vascular labyrinthopathies: conjunctival biomicroscopy and retinal fluoroangiography]. PMID- 6532108 TI - Prevalence of organisms described as Actinobacillus suis or haemolytic Actinobacillus equuli in the oral cavity of horses. Comparative investigations of strains obtained and porcine strains of A. suis sensu stricto. AB - Evidence was obtained to indicate that equine strains of organisms previously described as Actinobacillus suis or hemolytic variants of Actinobacillus equuli might constitute a separate group of organisms provisionally designated taxon 11. Four biovars were noticed within taxon 11. Selected DNA:DNA hybridizations support the classification of the mannitol positive biovar 2 of taxon 11 distinct from porcine A. suis. The final taxonomical position of taxon 11, however, has to await more detailed genetic studies including all biovars of taxon 11. A species name has not been suggested for the same reasons. The present observations also indicate that strains identified as taxon 11 apparently constitute a part of the normal bacterial flora in the oral cavity of horses. PMID- 6532109 TI - Human serum and plasma increase mouse mortality in Staphylococcus aureus intraperitoneal infection. AB - The influence of human plasma, serum, purified fibrinogen, and fibronectin on Staphylococcus aureus intraperitoneal infection in non-immune mice was studied. Mouse mortality was used as a measure of staphylococcal virulence. Both human plasma and serum were shown to enhance the virulence of S.aureus strain E 2371 and strain E 2476 when added to the bacteria before challenge. This effect of serum was unaffected by storage for 24 h at 37 degrees C or complement inactivation for 1 h at 56 degrees C. Purified fibrinogen and fibronectin did not influence the S. aureus virulence. It is suggested that the effects of plasma and serum described here might play a role in the establishment of S.aureus infections in humans. PMID- 6532110 TI - Effect of human IgG and fibrinogen on Staphylococcus aureus intraperitoneal infection in mice. AB - Human serum and plasma have been demonstrated to enhance mortality in Staphylococcus aureus intraperitoneal infection in mice. Two different mechanisms seem to be involved. The effect of serum could be removed by adsorption to S. aureus protein A coupled to Sepharose 4 B and could be reconstituted by the addition of human IgG to IgG-depleted serum. Plasma diluted 1/10 in combination with purified fibrinogen also enhanced mouse mortality. Both effects could be demonstrated, when a coagulase-free variant of S. aureus was used. The results of viable counts of S. aureus in blood and peritoneum of the mice indicate that the enhancing effect of IgG alone and the enhancing effect of fibrinogen in combination with diluted plasma have different mechanisms. PMID- 6532111 TI - Monoclonal antibodies to the h1 agglutinogen from Staphylococcus aureus 17A. Serological testing with type strains. AB - Four monoclonal antibodies to the h1 agglutinogen were produced by conventional means, and slide agglutination of S. aureus type strains was performed with protein A affinity purified IgG1 antibodies. In accordance with Oeding's serotype system the type strains 17A and 670 were strongly and consistently agglutinated. In addition, however, several of the remaining twelve type strains investigated showed varying reaction patterns. Our results indicate that the h1 agglutinogen may be more widely distributed among S. aureus strains than previously assumed. PMID- 6532112 TI - Potential hypolipidemic agents. XXI. Stereochemistry of 2-(4-dibenzofuranyloxy)-2 methylpropionic acid and related compounds. PMID- 6532113 TI - Troxonium-like inhibitors of the high affinity uptake of choline in mouse brain synaptosomes in vitro. PMID- 6532114 TI - International symposium on the recent advances in gastrointestinal cytoprotection. September 30-October 1, 1983, Pecs, Hungary. PMID- 6532115 TI - Role of sulfhydryls and early vascular lesions in gastric mucosal injury. AB - This paper reviews the recently discovered role of sulfhydryls and early vascular injury in the pathogenesis of acute gastric mucosal injury. In the rat ethanol caused a dose-dependent decrease in nonprotein sulfhydryl concentration in the gastric mucosa within 1-5 min following an intragastric dose. These biochemical changes were accompanied by increased vascular permeability in the glandular stomach as revealed by the measurement of extravasated Evans blue injected i.v. prior to the administration of ethanol. Morphologic evidence of vascular injury was provided by labelling of damaged blood vessels in the stomach following the i.v. administration of colloidal particles in the form of india ink or monastral blue. The functional and structural damage to capillaries and venules in the glandular stomach was also maximal within 1-6 min after 1 ml of 75 or 100% ethanol given orally. Pretreatment with sulfhydryl (SH) containing drugs (e.g., L cysteine, N-acetyl-L-cysteine, cysteamine, dimercaprol) or prostaglandin (PG) F2 beta prevented the ethanol-induced increase in vascular permeability, the labelling of blood vessels with vascular tracers, and the subsequent haemorrhagic erosions. The desquamation of superficial epithelial cells, however, was not markedly modified by either SH or PG compounds. This organoprotective effect of SH and PG drugs was virtually counteracted in adrenalectomized rats that exhibited "vascular fragility". Glucocorticoid treatment restored the response of adrenalectomized animals. Thus, a SH- and glucocorticoid-sensitive early vascular injury seems to be of major significance in the pathogenesis of haemorrhagic gastric erosions and SH-containing compounds represent a new group of cytoprotective or organoprotective agents. PMID- 6532116 TI - Gastric mucosal formation of prostanoids and the effects of drugs. AB - Prostanoids can be formed throughout the gastrointestinal tract, and qualitative gas chromatography--mass spectrometry has shown that human gastric mucosa can produce PGD2, PGE2, PGF2 alpha 6 keto-PGF1 alpha, thromboxane A2 and lipoxygenase material. Quantitative gas chromatography--mass spectrometry has shown that human gastric mucosa homogenized in Krebs' solution yields mainly 6-keto-PGF1 alpha, with smaller amounts of PGD2 PGE2 and PGF2 alpha. However, the sources of these products and their roles in the gastric mucosa have not been fully elucidated. Recent research from other laboratories indicates that thromboxane formation may be important in gastric ulceration. Our studies with rats in vivo have detected no significant effect of carbenoxolone or deglycyrrhized liquorice on the content of radio-immunoassayable PGE, 6-keto-PGF1 alpha and TXB2 extracted from rat gastric corpus mucosa. The anti-ulcer effect of these drugs in rats therefore does not seem to involve prostanoids. PMID- 6532117 TI - Comparative study of the cytoprotective effects of anticholinergic agents on the gastric mucosal lesions produced by intragastric administration of 0.6 M HCl in rats. AB - CFY strain rats (both sexes, 180-210 g) were fasted for 24 hr. Several anticholinergic agents atropine, oxyphencyclimine, propantheline, trantheline, hexocyclium) were administered (i.p.) in equimolar doses (28.78 nM X kg-1), and to compared to the cyto-protective effect of atropine sulfate (0.01 mg X kg-1). Their effects were studied in (1) one hour pylorus-ligated rats, being given when the surgical procedure had just finished: volume and acid output were measured; (2) the gastric mucosal lesions induced by 0.6 M HCl. Drugs were applied 30 min before the administration of HCl (1 ml, i.g.). Rats were killed 1 hr later and the number and severity of lesions were calculated. We found that (1) atropine, oxyphencyclimine, and propantheline did not significantly decrease acid secretion, while trantheline and hexocyclium inhibited acid output; (2) all drugs provided significant protection against the gastric damage induced by HCl; (3) no significant difference was found in the extent of protection produced by the different drugs in the HCl-model. We conclude that atropine, oxyphencyclimine, and propantheline are gastric cytoprotective agents. PMID- 6532118 TI - Evidence for thimerosal induced cytoprotection on rat stomach. AB - Intragastrically administered thimerosal protects against ethanol induced ulceration with an ID50 of 1.6 mg/kg body weight. In contrast, intravenously administered thimerosal exhibits an ID50 of greater than 30 mg/kg. The antiulcerogenic effect of thimerosal persists for at least 20 hours before allowing gastric ulcers to be induced by ethanol. Intragastric application of thimerosal protects against acetyl salicylic acid induced with an ID50 of 6.8 mg/kg. Stress ulceration is inhibited by thimerosal with an ID50 of 9.2 mg/kg body weight. Investigations on the structure-activity relationship show that it is the mercury moiety and not the thiosalicylic acid moiety which is responsible for the inhibition by thimerosal. PMID- 6532119 TI - The interrelationships between the development of ethanol-, HCl, NaOH and NaCl induced gastric mucosal damage and the gastric mucosal superoxide dismutase activity in the rats. AB - Gastric mucosal damage was produced by intragastric administration of 96% ethanol, 0.6 M HCl, 0.2 M NaOH or 25% NaCl. The animals were killed 1 hr later, when the number and severity of gastric lesions (ulcers) was recorded. At the time of the sacrifice of the animals gastric mucosal superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was measured. It was found that (1) the gastric mucosal damage could be induced by the administration of any of the necrotizing agents in all animals, (2) superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity increased significantly in the damaged gastric mucosa following 96% ethanol, while its activity decreased significantly during the development of gastric mucosal damage produced by the intragastric administration of 0.6 M HCl, 0.2 M NaOH or 25% NaCl. It has been concluded that: (1) the enzyme systems necessary to generate the superoxide free radical anions can be stimulated by ethanol, and they can be inhibited by the application of 0.6 M HCl, 0.2 M NaOH and 25% NaCl: (2) the observed stimulation or inhibition of the enzyme systems to generate the superoxide free radical anions may be of pathological significance in the development of gastric mucosal damage produced by the intragastric administration of 96% ethanol, 0.6 M HCl, 0.2 M. NaOH or 25% NaCl. PMID- 6532120 TI - Interrelationships between the gastric cytoprotective effects of vitamin A and beta-carotene and the gastric mucosal superoxide dismutase activity in rats. AB - Gastric mucosal damage was produced in rats by the intragastric administration of 96% ethanol or 0.6 M HCl, according to the method of Robert et al. Vitamin A or beta-carotene, in doses of 10 mg/kg, given intragastrically 30 min before the administration of the necrotizing agents. The animals were killed 1 hr after the administration of the necrotizing agents. The following experimental parameters were studied, without and with application of vitamin A and beta-carotene; number of gastric lesions (ulcers); severity of gastric mucosal lesions (ulcers); gastric mucosal superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. It was found that; vitamin A and beta-carotene, in doses of 10 mg/kg, are able to prevent significantly both the number and severity of gastric mucosal lesions (ulcers) produced by the application of 96% ethanol or 0.6 M HCl; the significant increase of ethanol induced gastric mucosal SOD activity can be inhibited by the application of vitamin A and beta-carotene; vitamin A and beta-carotene are capable of preventing the development of gastric mucosal lesions (ulcers) produced by the intragastric administration of 0.6 M HCl, while these agents fail to compensate for the HCl-induced decrease of gastric mucosal SOD activity. It has been suggested that; vitamin A and beta-carotene are gastric cytoprotective agents; the ulcer preventive effects of vitamin A and beta-carotene are partly dependent on their scavanger behaviour. PMID- 6532121 TI - Determination of vitamin A, vitamin A precursors and cytoprotective carotenoids in animal and human blood. AB - In the past few years, considerable progress has been made in the investigation of the function of retinoids and carotenoids in higher animals and human including their role in cytoprotection. This has resulted in a considerable development in the analytical methods in the field of carotenoids and retinoids in biological materials. We have developed a method for the qualitative and quantitative determination of retinol and carotenoids in animal and human blood, using straight-phase liquid chromatography. Details of this work are presented jointly with a brief review of other analytical methods of these compounds. PMID- 6532122 TI - The effect of gastric cytoprotective drugs (atropine, cimetidine, vitamin-A) on the indomethacin induced intestinal ulcers in rats. AB - The effect of various gastric cytoprotective drugs was studied on the development of indomethacin induced intestinal ulcers. CFY strain rats weighing 200-250 g were used. Indomethacin in a single dose of 20 mg/kg was given intragastrically in 1.5 ml. The animals received atropine (0.025-0.2-1.0 mg/kg), cimetidine (2.5 10-50 mg/kg) or vitamin-A(0.1-1.0-10 mg/kg) intraperitoneally in a single dose 15 min before the administration of indomethacin. In another study the animals received the same doses of atropine twice a day for 3 days. The small intestine was examined for lesions consisting of: (a) palpable nodules on the mesenteric attachement: (b) ulcers in the jejunum and ileum: (c) adhesions as a consequence of ulcer perforation. Neither histamin H2 receptor antagonists, anticholinergics, nor vitamin-A affected the number and the severity of the indomethacin induced intestinal ulcers. These results suggest that, whereas atropine, cimetidine and vitamin-A have a cytoprotecting effect in the stomach, it appears that they have no role in intestinal cytoprotection. PMID- 6532123 TI - Gastrointestinal cytoprotection by indomethacin + sodium salicylate combination in rat. AB - Non-steroidal antiinflammatory agents are well known to cause gastrointestinal damage in many species including the rat and human. Pelsonin a combination of indomethacin and sodium salicylate (1:10 ratio) has a cytoprotective effect against acidic-alcohol induced gastric necrosis, and it does not induce intestinal ulceration. Pelsonin is capable of blocking the formation of intestinal ulcers induced by oral indomethacin 10 mg/kg (curative cytoprotection). The cytoprotective potency of Pelsonin is due to sodium salicylate. PMID- 6532124 TI - Antisecretory and protective properties of prostaglandin analogues in man. AB - Several prostaglandins inhibit gastric acid secretion and prevent ulcer formation in animals by mechanisms that are independent from each other. Little is known about these properties in humans. The effects of 16,16-dimethyl-prostaglandin E2 and the thiaprostaglandin E2 EMD 33 290 were tested on basal acid secretion as well as on the aspirin- and bile salt-induced fall of gastric transmucosal potential difference in man. 16,16-dm PGE2 and EMD 33 290 prevented the drop in gastric potential difference caused by 1000 mg aspirin or 50 ml of 4 mmol/l Na taurocholate. The protective doses against aspirin were 0.1 microgram and 50 micrograms for 16,16-dm PGE, and EMD 33 290 respectively. Against Na taurocholate, doses of 1.0 microgram and 250 micrograms were effective. By contrast, 20-100 times higher doses of both prostaglandin analogues were necessary to inhibit gastric acid secretion. Half maximal inhibition of basal acid output was achieved by 0.1 microgram/kg b.w. of 16,16-dm PGE2 and by 28 micrograms/kg b.w. EMD 33 290. In analogy to animal findings, antisecretory prostaglandins protect the human stomach against aspirin and bile salts in doses which are much smaller than the threshold antisecretory ones. PMID- 6532125 TI - Evidence for the existence of gastric cytoprotective effect of atropine and cimetidine in humans. AB - The effects of cimetidine (12.5 mg i.m.) and atropine (0.125 mg i.m.) were studied on the basal (BAO) and pentagastrin (6 micrograms X kg-1 s.c.)-stimulated (MAO) gastric acid secretion; the gastric mucosal microbleeding provoked by one day treatment with indomethacin (4 X 25 mg orally) in patients with chronic disorders of the joints. The extent of the gastric microbleeding was measured by spectrophotometric determination of haemoglobin in gastric lavage fluid. The aims of this study were to determine the doses of cimetidine and atropine in humans without any significant inhibitory effects either on the basal or on the maximal gastric acid output to evaluate the cytoprotective action of these doses of cimetidine and atropine on the indomethacin-induced gastric microbleeding in the man. It was found that cimetidine (12.5 mg i.m.) and atropine (0.125 mg i.m.) did not cause any significant inhibition either of the BAO or of the MAO; indomethacin (4 X 25 mg orally) significantly increased gastric microbleeding in the patients; cimetidine and atropine, in the above doses, were able to prevent significantly indomethacin-induced gastric microbleeding in the patients. These results provide evidence for the existence of gastric cytoprotective effects of cimetidine and atropine in humans. PMID- 6532126 TI - Gastric microbleeding measurements during one day treatment with indomethacin and indomethacin plus sodium salicylate (1 : 10) in patients. AB - A double-blind, prospective, randomized clinical study was carried out. Gastric microbleeding was provoked in informed patients without gastrointestinal disorders by the administration of indomethacin (4 X 25 mg, orally), sodium salicylate (4 X 250 mg, orally) or indomethacin (25 mg) plus sodium salicylate (250 mg) (Pelsonin, 4 X 1 capsules). The rate of gastric bleeding was estimated on the basis of haemoglobin losses into the gastric juice according to a rapid and sensitive chemical method (Fisher and Hunt, 1976). The observations were done before and after the day of treatment. The basic gastric bleeding was practically the same in the three groups (indomethacin, 0.91 +/- 0.12 ml/day: sodium salicylate, 0.72 +/- 0.20 ml/day: Pelsonin, 0.99 +/- +/- 0.18 ml/day: p less than 0.05). Contrary to this, the increases of gastric bleeding were found to be considerably different after a one-day application of these drugs (indomethacin, 7.3 +/- 1.2 ml/day: sodium salicylate, 1.92 +/- 0.45 ml/day, Pelsonin, 2.1 +/- 0.8 ml/day). It has been concluded that sodium salicylate can reduce the indomethacin-induced gastric microbleeding in patients. PMID- 6532127 TI - Experimental models for the study of hepatoprotection. AB - In the therapy of chronic liver diseases several drugs are currently used. This review summarizes the results of the authors in the therapy of chronic liver diseases with cyanidanol-3, as well as the beneficial effects of the new dihydroquinoline-type antioxidants in acute carbon tetrachloride induced and galactosamine induced liver lesions. In addition, the immunostimulant effects of Aicaphosphate is demonstrated in chronic active hepatitis. PMID- 6532128 TI - Inhibition of doxorubicin-induced liver toxicity by a new dihydroquinoline type antioxidant. AB - The influence of a new dihydroquinoline type antioxidant on doxorubicin-induced hepatic toxicity was studied in mice (CFLP, LATI). Four groups of mice were studied: control, doxorubicin-treated, 5,6-methylen-bis (2,2,4/-trimethyl-1,2 dihydroquinoline/-disulphate (MDS)-treated, as well as doxorubicin and MDS treated groups. Doxorubicin (15 mg/kg) was administered intraperitoneally, the MDS solution was given by a gastric tube. Liver function was assessed by the serum glutaminic-oxaloacetic-transaminase (SGOT) reaction. The lipid peroxidation in liver tissue was determined by the rate of malondialdehyd (MDA) production, the permeability of the liver lysosomal membrane was established by measuring beta-glucuronidase activity and its release from the cells. The MDS treatment proved to be effective in significantly reducing SGOT elevation, MDA production and lysosomal membrane damage in hepatic tissue. Clinical trials seem to be justified in using antioxidative substances to control doxorubicin toxicity. PMID- 6532130 TI - In vitro and in vivo demonstration of the cytoprotective effect of (+)-cyanidanol 3. AB - In vitro and in vivo investigations were undertaken to demonstrate cytoprotective effect of (+)-cyanidanol-3 on human erythrocytes. The time of full haemolysis induced by hydrochloride acid was measured and dynamic haemolysis curve was recorded with an aggregometer. In vitro, following a one-hour incubation of erythrocytes with (+)-cyanidanol-3 at 37 degrees C, significant increase of the haemolysis time could be demonstrated. The most expressive cytoprotective effect was observed at (+)-cyanidanol-3 concentrations of 2, 5 and 10 micrograms/ml. In vivo, two hours following the oral administration of 1.5 g Catergen, an increase of the haemolysis time for about 25% could be demonstrated. This simple method seems to be suitable for the investigation of the membrane stabilizing effect of (+)-cyanidanol-3. PMID- 6532129 TI - Liver lipid peroxidation induced by cholesterol and its treatment with a dihydroquinoline type free radical scavenger in rabbits. AB - Lipid peroxidation has been induced by means of an atherogenic diet causing hypercholesterolaemia, hypertriglyceridaemia, increased LDL and decreased HDL serum fractions in addition to the fatty degeneration, vacuolization of the liver cells and accumulation of malondialdehyde in the liver. Increased release of acid phosphatase and N-beta-glucuronidase was also observed pointing to cholesterol induced lysosomal membrane damage. In response to pretreatment with, and simultaneous administration of, 6,6'-methylene bis (2,2-dimethyl-4-methane sulphonic acid sodium salt-1,2-dihydroquinoline) the signs and symptoms of fatty liver degeneration, the tissue, plasma and platelet malondialdehyde concentrations and the LDL serum fraction significantly decreased and HDL serum fraction increased. Lisosomal membrane stability was restored, resulting in physiological acid phosphatase and N-beta-glucuronidase activities. The pathological and clinical aspects of lipid peroxidation in several diseases of the digestive organs and the suggested therapeutic uses of non-toxic radical scavengers have been outlined. PMID- 6532131 TI - The effect of 5-fluorouracil on experimental acute pancreatitis. AB - The present study was undertaken to elucidate the effects of different doses of 5 fluorouracil on experimental acute pancreatitis. Twelve mongrel dogs were used. Acute pancreatitis was induced by intraductal injection of sunflower-oil. Two groups of animals were treated with intravenous 5-fluorouracil: 1 mg/kg body weight for the first group of 5 animals, and 5 mg/kg body weight for the second one of 7 animals in subsequent three postoperative days. All the animals in the first group died within 24 to 36 hours due to acute haemorrhagic pancreatitis. All the animals in the second one survived longer than 36 hours. A statistically significant increase of serum amylase and lipase levels was found in pancreatitis with significant decrease of them during treatment. Three to 8 weeks later signs of chronic pancreatitis could be detected in surviving dogs. PMID- 6532132 TI - Preparation of 1-(1,4,5,6-tetrahydro-1,2,4-triazinyl)phthalazine derivatives possessing antihypertensive properties. PMID- 6532133 TI - [Synthesis of benzylidene derivatives of 3-o, 3-m and 3-p-chlorophenylhydantoin and the study of their anticonvulsant action]. PMID- 6532134 TI - [Effect of acceleration on the distribution of diazepam in tissues]. PMID- 6532135 TI - [Preliminary pharmacological evaluation of new imidazolidinone-2, ethylenediamine and imidazoline derivatives]. PMID- 6532137 TI - [Biopharmaceutical evaluation of the rectal administration of mefenamic acid. II. Analysis of suppositories prepared on lipophilic bases]. PMID- 6532136 TI - [Synthesis of dipeptide derivatives of indomethacin as potential antagonists of chemotactic compounds]. PMID- 6532138 TI - [Cultivation and preliminary phytochemical analysis of Phytolacca sp]. PMID- 6532139 TI - Alcohol's effects on self-awareness. AB - The results of two studies were reanalyzed to examine the effect of alcohol and expectations about intoxication on measures of self-awareness. The first study evaluated alcohol's effects on perception of negative interpersonal feedback and self-evaluation; the second analyzed alcohol's impact on the interaction of couples in which one of the spouses was an alcoholic. In neither study did intoxication result in decreased use of self-focused statements or first person pronouns as predicted by Hull's self-awareness model of alcohol consumption. PMID- 6532141 TI - Errors in food recording and calorie estimation: clinical and theoretical implications for obesity. AB - In an attempt to replicate and extend previous research on the validity of food diaries, 43 obese females were quizzed on food recording and calorie estimation in a controlled analogue of self-monitoring. Sources of error were identified that included poor food descriptions, inaccurate quantity estimations, and a variety of computational errors in converting calories. These sources of subject error revealed areas for training in accurate food recording and calorie estimation. The clinical and theoretical importance of establishing the validity of food diaries through accuracy training is emphasized. PMID- 6532140 TI - Stability of drinking prior to alcoholism treatment. AB - This study assessed how many months of pretreatment drinking data would represent a stable baseline. Fifty-one couples were interviewed using the time-line follow back interviewing procedure to obtain 365 days of pretreatment drinking data. The pattern (binge, episodic, steady) and frequency of drinking did not differ when comparing 30 days prior to treatment with the rest of the year. However, there were significantly more abstinent days in the last 3 months than in the remainder of the pretreatment year. Implications for baseline data collection in alcoholism treatment research are discussed. PMID- 6532142 TI - Problem drinkers' goal choice and treatment outcome: a preliminary study. AB - Thirty-seven problem drinkers, who had completed a 6-week residential programme which emphasises self-control and education, were classified into three groups. The patients leaving treatment with no measurable physical damage were classed as either controlled drinking choosers or abstinence choosers depending on their goal choice. The third group of patients, who showed physical damage, were strongly advised to remain abstinent after discharge. Follow-up for 1 year produced no significant outcome differences between the controlled drinking choosers and abstinence choosers, with patients in each group most likely to achieve their goal choice. The worst outcome, measured on several indices, was shown by patients strongly advised to abstain. PMID- 6532143 TI - The development of a restrained drinking scale: a test of the abstinence violation effect among alcohol users. AB - This article reports the development of a Restrained Drinking Scale (RDS) and tests of the "abstinence violation" (AV) hypothesis. Study 1, a psychometic evaluation of the RDS, found that the scale exhibited substantial internal reliability (.81) and scores conformed closely to a normal distribution. Study 2 compared the alcohol consumption of restrained and unrestrained drinkers in a wine tasting test, with half of each group receiving an alcohol preload. Contrary to the AV hypothesis, the preload did not influence drinking. Instead, restrained drinkers drank more than unrestrained drinkers. Since tasting wines at school may have represented a violation of restraint in itself, and led restrained drinkers to overindulge, study 3 was done to test the abstinence violation hypothesis in a paradigm not requiring alcohol consumption. Restrained and unrestrained drinkers chose between rating wines or sodas, with half receiving an alcohol preload. Restrained drinkers chose wine less often after the preload than without it. Unrestrained drinkers' choices were not effected by the preload. A "slip" in control in itself, does not appear sufficient to elicit binge-drinking. PMID- 6532144 TI - Who quits smoking in a behavioral treatment program? AB - Data from a smoking cessation program were analyzed to identify the variables that best predicted posttreatment abstinence. Nonsmoking immediately following treatment was predicted by lower daily pretreatment intake of nicotine and total particulate matter (TPM), as well as higher score on the "handling" scale of the "Why Do You Smoke" scale. Abstinence at any time in the 6 months following treatment was also predicted by lower pretreatment nicotine and TPM intake; other predictors were lower scores on the "craving" scale, greater number of weeks spent participating in the program, citing reasons for wanting to quit smoking other than to overcome an addiction, and lower self-rated craving for cigarettes. Abstinence was not predicted by subjects' adherence to the treatment rules calling for changing the times, occasions and feelings that are associated with the heaviest smoking. Daily cigarette consumption dropped during treatment at similar rates for the smokers who would eventually be abstinent and those who would not. These results replicate the finding that a behavioral self-control program can bring about a reduction in smoking in many smokers, though relatively few actually quit smoking. Also, smokers who find the manipulations involved in smoking to be rewarding are more likely to be abstinent, at least temporarily, following a behaviorally oriented program than are smokers who are most rewarded by the self-administration of nicotine. Smoking cessation programs might benefit by tailoring treatment to such pretreatment subject characteristics. PMID- 6532145 TI - Cognitive and social influence factors in adolescent smoking cessation. AB - Using a longitudinal design, the current study investigated the roles of smoking related beliefs, and parent and peer psychosocial factors as antecedents and consequences of adolescent smoking cessation. Results indicated that adolescents who would later quit smoking were different from those who continued to smoke even prior to the transition. For younger subjects, cessation was related mainly to parental influences (e.g., parental support and attitudes towards smoking). Older adolescents responded primarily to peer influences in choosing to quit. While psychosocial factors served as antecedents to cessation, results also indicated that the process of quitting itself led to changes in the adolescents' social environment that further reinforced smoking cessation (e.g., fewer friends who smoked, less positive peer attitudes towards smoking). Thus, the process of smoking cessation among adolescents may be bidirectional, with psychosocial factors influencing the decision to quit and, in turn, being influenced by such a decision. PMID- 6532146 TI - Reasons for drinking among problem drinker-drivers: client and counselor reports during treatment. AB - In a program for problem drinker-drivers, relationships were examined among 14 psychological and physical reasons for drinking. The two sets of ratings were separately factor analyzed. The factors were corroborated by correlating them between factor sets and with external variables: MMPI subscales, Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test, record of DWI convictions, and dropping out of the program. Results indicated that reasons for drinking form patterns related to psychological adjustment. PMID- 6532147 TI - Drinking and creativity: objective and subjective effects. AB - A literature characterized by considerable speculation but a paucity of empirical studies prompted this experiment on the relation between drinking and creativity. After being queried about how they believed alcohol would affect their creative performance, 40 male undergraduate social drinkers were assigned to one of four treatments in a balanced placebo design. Those actually receiving alcohol consumed a mixture containing .6 g of ethanol per kg of body weight. All subjects then completed the entire Figural portion and the Unusual Uses subtest of the Verbal portion of the Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking. Posttesting explored subjects' own evaluations of their creative products and the kinds of attributions they made about factors contributing to the outcomes. Results showed minimal effects of beverage manipulations on measured creativity even when a priori belief and concurrent mood scores were covaried. However, those individuals who thought they had received alcohol gave significantly more positive evaluations of their creative performances than did subjects who believed they were in the non-alcohol treatments. Subjects did not attribute changes in creativity to drinking. Theoretical and practical implications of these findings were discussed. PMID- 6532148 TI - Relapse coping and problem solving training following treatment for smoking. AB - Following an initial smoking program, 33 subjects were randomly assigned to one of four maintenance strategy conditions developed to investigate the Marlatt and Gordon cognitive-behavioral model of relapse. Two out of three components of the model were supported. Abstinent subjects given problem solving training did not show significant relapse while those given an attention placebo control did relapse significantly. Self-efficacy expectations predicted smoking rate up to 5 month follow-up. Contrary to expectations based on the Marlatt and Gordon model, subjects taught to cope with the guilt and sense of personal failure associated with a relapse episode showed considerable relapse. PMID- 6532149 TI - Response prevention in the treatment of cigarette smoking. AB - The present study developed and tested a response prevention treatment for cigarette smoking. Response prevention is based on the conditioning theory of addictions. Thirty-nine smokers were divided into two groups, one receiving response prevention and the other a rapid smoking comparison treatment. No significant differences were found between the two treatments in terms of their effectiveness in achieving abstinence or smoking reduction. The abstinence rate at the 6-month follow-up for response prevention was 7% and for rapid smoking was 23%. PMID- 6532150 TI - Consistency of the tobacco withdrawal syndrome. AB - The consistency of the tobacco withdrawal syndrome across repeated periods of abstinence was tested using a modified A-B-A-B design. The large majority of the signs and symptoms of tobacco withdrawal occurred during abstinence, returned to baseline, and then recurred during a second abstinence period. This finding suggests that the syndrome is reliable and can be studied with within-subject designs. PMID- 6532151 TI - Variables related to continuance in a behavioral weight loss program. AB - This study compared nonoutcome characteristics of completers and dropouts in a behavioral weight loss program. The significant relationships between several personality dimensions and continuance were discussed. It was proposed that the unusual finding of personality differences was made possible by distinguishing early from late dropouts. PMID- 6532152 TI - Generalized expectations of drug-delinquents, other delinquents, and a control sample. PMID- 6532153 TI - Molecular biology of the nerve growth cone: a perspective. PMID- 6532154 TI - CNS hypomyelinated mutant mice (jimpy, shiverer, quaking): in vitro evidence for primary oligodendrocyte defects. PMID- 6532155 TI - Effects of alterations of cell size and number on the structure and function of the Xenopus laevis nervous system. PMID- 6532156 TI - The mechanism of binding of neural cell adhesion molecules. AB - The experimental results reviewed in this paper strongly suggest that the molecular mechanism of N-CAM-mediated cell adhesion involves the direct interaction of N-CAM molecules on one cell with N-CAM molecules on a second cell. The rate of this aggregation has a high-order dependence on the local N-CAM concentration, and is inversely related to the sialic acid content of the N-CAM molecules involved. In accordance with their relative sialic acid concentrations, the relative rates of aggregation mediated by E and A forms of N-CAM are A-A greater than A-E greater than E-E. Further removal of sialic acid from N-CAM below the level found in the A form gives little further enhancement of aggregation. These results provide one basis upon which to interpret the modulation hypothesis (Edelman, 1983) for control of N-CAM function, i.e. the adhesive strength of N-CAM bonds in an in vitro system can be altered in a graded manner over a wide range by variations in the local surface density of N-CAM or by chemical modification of N-CAM (differential sialylation). It is important to stress that these results do not preclude the possibility of other forms of modulation of N-CAM function or the function of other molecules in cell-cell interactions. It will be much more difficult to assess the role of N-CAM and the modulation of its function on pattern formation in vivo. It is pertinent to mention, however, that recent experiments on transformed neural cells (Greenberg et al., 1984) show loss of N-CAM following transformation with accompanying loss of aggregation and increased motility of the transformed cells. Aside from the possible implications for metastasis (transformation has for the first time been shown to affect a defined CAM and alter cellular sociology), these findings are consonant with the notion that alteration of surface N-CAM affects expression of other cellular processes. Clearly additional experiments are required to define the mechanisms by which this occurs. In addition to mapping the prevalence and form of N-CAM during embryonic development, it will be necessary to pruturb both its functions and the modulation of its function using reagents that will discriminate among various forms of the molecule in the embryo itself. These problems will require elegant solutions but must be solved if completely satisfactory answers to questions about the role of N-CAM in vivo are to be obtained. PMID- 6532158 TI - Plasticity of the developing synapse. PMID- 6532157 TI - Neuron-glia interactions and glial enzyme expression in mouse cerebellum. PMID- 6532159 TI - Molecular studies of pituitary gland differentiation. PMID- 6532160 TI - Immunology and embryogenesis: the chromosomal editing hypothesis. AB - We have elaborated the chromosomal editing hypothesis of development. This hypothesis, based on evolutionary arguments, states that the immune system must have evolved from pre-existent cell receptor systems on other tissues. Therefore we feel that what we know about development in the immune system can serve as a provisional model for studying development in other organ systems. The model predicts that specifically programmed somatic-genetic events occur as lineages develop. These DNA cutting and splicing events, similar to those which generate antibody molecules, generate a wide diversity of specific cell receptors which allow the cell to properly orient itself in the developing organism. In addition, the chromosomal editing events occur sequentially and generate a temporal organization so that developmental events occur in an orderly fashion as lineages develop. At any point in development, epigenetic factors play a crucial role in triggering cells to undergo specific differentiative events. We believe that this hypothesis explains the apparent contradiction between rigid mosaic development and regulative development by proposing that the same general types of somatic genetic and epigenetic events occur in both. In mosaic development, however, the organism does not have the residual and redundant stem cells which allow for the cell replacement, repair and regeneration seen in regulative development. We feel that by drawing analogies as we have from the development of the immune system one may gain insights into the genetic and epigenetic factors which govern the development of other tissues and formulate specific experiments to test the resulting hypothesis. PMID- 6532161 TI - Genetic control of the connectivity and excitability of cerebellar Purkinje cells in rodents. PMID- 6532162 TI - Relationship between the protrusion of the nasal tip and the dorsum in rhinoplasty. AB - The author discusses the relationship of the nasal tip and its protrusion to the physical contours of the dorsum. This relationship can be positive or negative. He emphasizes the necessity of correcting the tip before any correction of the dorsum, believing that correction of the alar cartilages is the key that determines the amount of hump resection or of lowering of the nasal dorsum, demonstrating his concepts with appropriate case illustrations. The author's technique (1974) of forward projection of the lower nasal base with a transverse silicone implant for patients with a negative tip-dorsum relationship is described. PMID- 6532163 TI - After aesthetic rhinoplasty: new looks and psychological outlooks on post surgical satisfaction. AB - Thirty-four female patients who underwent rhinoplasty were followed through assessment of post-surgical satisfaction (pss), perception of subjective improvement, objective improvement (surgeon's ratings), and objective post surgical nasal deformity. Assessments of pss and subjective improvement were obtained on 3 occasions: T1, 1 week after surgery, on cast removal; T2, 1 month after cast removal; and T3, 3 months after cast removal. The investigation was aimed at examination of the relationship of patients' subjective post-surgical appraisals of the operation with objective indices of outcome of rhinoplasty. Results indicated that at T1, pss is totally dissociated from objective outcome or its appraisal by the patient. At T2 an association between objective outcome and pss and subjective appraisal of outcome is evident, but seems to reflect the total reliance of the patients' judgment on surgeons' appraisals. At T3 a paradoxical trend is indicated: slim objective favorable outcomes correlate with high pss, while a considerable share of patients with whom a highly favorable outcome has been attained express relatively low pss. This paradoxical trend may be well understood when applying Cognitive Dissonance Theory. The whole pattern of results point again at highly complex and powerful psychological processes, some of them seemingly irrational, operating within patients when relating to rhinoplasty, a simple superficial surgical procedure. PMID- 6532164 TI - Cosmetic surgery: a sociological analysis of litigation and a surgical specialty. AB - One of the medical specialties most vulnerable and suit-prone is cosmetic plastic surgery. Societal factors playing a role in this include the growing emphasis on personal gratification and youth and the tendency to insist on redress if things go wrong. Furthermore, studies of the conflicts between doctors and patients show that many difficulties have their roots in the quality of interaction between doctor and patient and in the attitudes and behavior of the surgeon in the course of the relationship, both pre- and postoperatively. Other factors affecting the vulnerability of plastic surgeons include their ability to conduct an effective patient interview with attention paid to non-verbal cues and the image of plastic surgery projected through advertisements, publications, and the media. PMID- 6532165 TI - The effectiveness of benzodiazepines and narcotics in outpatient surgery. AB - In a prospective study of 211 outpatients undergoing cosmetic surgical procedures under local anesthesia supplemented with intravenous diazepam and morphine, patient pain response to the local anesthetic infiltration was graded and the recall of the operative experience was assessed. One hundred and fifty-five patients (73%) had either no pain response or a mild response, 41 (19%) had a moderate response, and 15 (7%) had a severe response. One hundred and eighty seven patients (88%) had total amnesia for the local anesthetic infiltration and the operative procedure, and 183 (87%) could not recall pain, but had recall of events during surgery. There were no untoward drug reactions nor episodes of cardiorespiratory depression. We conclude that intravenous diazepam with or without intravenous morphine following triazolam, morphine, and premethazine premedication is a safe and effective regimen for outpatient surgery. PMID- 6532166 TI - Reduction mammoplasty. AB - The concept of the author's technique foresees that the long-term appearance after reduction mammoplasty is dictated by the volume and shape of the remaining glandular adipose tissue, on which the skin gradually contracts. The resection of this tissue obeys the same orientation for small, medium, and large hypertrophic breasts. The design for skin resection is chosen according to the quality and quantity of the skin to be removed. Three different designs are presented. PMID- 6532167 TI - The value of non-prefixed marking in reduction mammoplasty. AB - The advantages of non-prefixed marking for breast reduction are discussed in this paper. The authors use a curved incision modification of the Pitanguy technique, stressing the value of changing the demarcation depending on the skin-gland relationship of each patient. PMID- 6532168 TI - Latissimus dorsi three-flap nipple reconstruction. AB - The author describes the use of latissimus dorsi skin in a one-stage procedure for reconstruction of the nipple. Three flaps of skin are fashioned based on a central disk design. PMID- 6532169 TI - Potpourri of lipid tissue: literature peregrinations. AB - This paper is designed to be a potpourri of the literature pertaining to the lipocyte and the functions of lipid tissue. In that sense, then, it truly represents peregrinations through the literature of lipid tissue with a specific emphasis on recent biochemical and physiologic information. PMID- 6532171 TI - A fast and simple de-epidermization in corrective mammoplasty. AB - Many corrective mammoplasty techniques are based on the use of large dermal pedicles. The author describes a fast and simple method for de-epidermization of large, dermal buried flaps or pedicles using a Mini-Dermatome. PMID- 6532170 TI - Use of resurfaced temporoparietalis flap in total ear reconstruction with less than-favorable skin coverage. AB - Use of a vascular pedicled temporoparietalis muscle flap resurfaced with a full thickness skin graft from the opposite ear, instead of less-than-favorable skin coverage, is advocated to achieve more satisfactory aesthetic results in total ear reconstruction handicapped by the presence of scarred local skin. The technical feasibility of the procedure and the authors' experiences in the past 9 years are described. PMID- 6532172 TI - Effect of cimetidine and carbenoxolone on cysteamine-induced ulcers: a study of gastric mucosal histamine and histamine formation capacity in rat. AB - Cysteamine-induced ulcers in rat were used to study the effect of ulcer-healing agents with different modes of action on ulcer formation and mucosal histamine. Male Wistar rats were divided into 5 groups. Group I had cysteamine injection; group II had cimetidine followed by cysteamine injection; group III had carbenoxolone before cysteamine injection; group IV had carbenoxolone as group III and cimetidine and cysteamine injections; group V had saline injections (controls). In group I 20/29; group II 17/30; group III 15/29; and group IV 23/30 developed ulcers. No significant differences were found. No ulcers were found in group V. Comparison between all groups and controls showed an increase in gastric mucosal histamine and HFC. The increase in histamine was related to ulcer formation. Duodenal and oesophageal histamine did not change significantly. Gastric mucosal histamine and HFC were directly correlated. PMID- 6532173 TI - The correlation between allergen, acetylcholine and histamine-induced bronchoconstriction. AB - A significant correlation between the degree of bronchial reactivity to ACH, Hi and A.E. was found in a series of 23 dogs. An increase in receptors sensitivity responsible for the organic manifestation of allergy must be assumed. This increased receptors sensitivity is an important phenomenon in asthma clinically relevant. PMID- 6532175 TI - Altered calcium concentration and rabbit atrial H1-receptors. AB - Rabbit atria were incubated in various concentrations of calcium (0.9, 1.8 and 3.6 mM) and then homogenized and histamine H1-receptors analysed by radioligand binding using (3H)-pyrilamine. Only atria incubated in 3.6 mM calcium showed an alteration in (3H)-pyrilamine binding. In these tissues the Kd of H1-receptors for (3H)-pyrilamine was increased suggesting a decrease in the affinity of the H1 receptor. That this decreased affinity is due to altered calcium concentrations was demonstrated by showing that no change in histamines' chronotropic effects were produced by decreasing the sodium concentration to produce the same calcium/sodium ratio compared to high calcium alone. We conclude that calcium has effects directly on H1-receptor affinity and appears to produce a decrease in the ability of histamine to bind. PMID- 6532174 TI - Histamine modification of spontaneous rate and rhythm in infarcted canine ventricle. AB - Histamine (10(-3) M) increased the spontaneous rate similarly in isolated preparations of normal left ventricular tissue from control, i.e. normal and sham operated, dogs (control preparations) and in preparations consisting of normal and contiguous infarcted left ventricular tissue from dogs with subacute, i.e. 24 hours after left coronary artery ligation, myocardial infarction (infarcted preparations). Histamine (10(-3) M) markedly enhanced the irregular rhythm of infarcted preparations. The H1-receptor antagonist, chlorpheniramine (10(-4) M), and the H2-receptor antagonist, cimetidine (10(-3) M), antagonized the effects of histamine (10(-3) M) on the spontaneous rate of both control and infarcted preparations. The H1-receptor agonist, 2-pyridyl ethylamine (PEA, 10(-4) M), increased the spontaneous rate of control and infarcted preparations; these effects were antagonized by chlorpheniramine (10(-4) M). The H2-receptor agonist, dimaprit, had no effect. Similar to histamine (10(-3) M), PEA (10(-4) M) enhanced the irregular rhythm of infarcted preparations; dimaprit had no effect. High local concentrations of histamine may occur in poorly perfused ischemic tissue. The enhancement of irregular rhythm produced by histamine, and the specific H1 receptor agonist, PEA, leads us to suggest its involvement in arrhythmias associated with subacute myocardial infarction. PMID- 6532176 TI - Adjuvant polyarthritis. VIII. Differences in immunopathogenesis between type II collagen arthritis and adjuvant arthritis. AB - The severity of type II collagen-induced arthritis was found to correlate with the serum titers of anti-type II collagen antibody, but not with cell-mediated immunity to type II collagen. In contrast, no significant levels of either the humoral or the cell-mediated immunity to type II collagen were found in rats with Freund's complete adjuvant-induced arthritis. Pre-treatment of young rats with an oily preparation of type II collagen prevented the development of arthritis in these animals in response to a subsequent injection of oily preparation of type II collagen, but had no effect on the development of arthritis in response to a subsequent injection of Freund's complete adjuvant. It is concluded that while an immune response directed toward the injected type II collagen is responsible for the development of type II collagen arthritis, it does not play an important role in the induction of Freund's adjuvant-induced arthritis. PMID- 6532177 TI - Anticancer activity of metal compounds with superoxide dismutase activity. PMID- 6532178 TI - Anti-inflammatory action of alpha-1-acid-glycoprotein in urate crystal inflammation. AB - Injections of alpha-1-acid-glycoprotein along with urate crystals induced less footpad swelling than that caused by injections of urate crystals alone. This anti-inflammatory action of acid-glycoprotein is considered to add further support to the hypothesis that perturbations in acute phase proteins are protective. PMID- 6532179 TI - Measurement of modulation of mouse complement levels in vivo, utilizing a microtiter hemolytic assay. AB - The complement system, with its protein components, plays a fundamental role in host defense as the major immunological mechanism of innate immunity. Effects of immunotoxic agents on serum complement have not been studied due to the lack of an assay capable of measuring the in vivo effects of compounds in the mouse, the species of choice for immunotoxicological testing. A microtiter hemolytic assay was developed and utilized to measure modulation of serum complement in vivo in B6C3F1 mice. In order to validate this functional assay. Cobra Venom Factor (CVF) was used to produce decomplementation. CVF administered intravenously produced a dose-dependent suppression of complement activity when evaluated 24 hours after a single injection. Administration of 25 or more anticomplementary units (ACU/kg) completely abolished functional hemolytic activity. The duration of the effect was dose dependent with 100 ACU/kg suppressing the response for 48 hours. A decomplemented state could be maintained for up to 6 days, with a second injection. A third injection failed to prolong the decomplementation. Elevated complement levels were obtained following a single injection with Pyran Copolymer. Pyran, a macrophage activator, produce a dose dependent increase in serum complement levels 8 days after administration. The microtiter hemolytic complement assay represents a useful tool capable of evaluating the in vivo effects of agents on serum complement in the mouse. PMID- 6532180 TI - The usability of the MRL/1 mouse strain in detection of anti-rheumatic drugs. AB - D-Penicillamine (5 mg/kg), prednisolone (0.5 mg/kg), tolfenamic acid and thiabendazole (10 mg/kg) were chronically administered to male and female mice of MRL/1 strain. The treatment was started either at 4 weeks of age (prophylactic dosing) or at 12 weeks of age (therapeutic dosing) and continued until the termination at 24 weeks of age. In male mice all the drugs caused a significant retardation in IgM-RF formation with one of the dosing regimes. D-Penicillamine and prednisolone also had an inhibitory effect on lymph node enlargement. In female mice, however, only thiabendazole retarded the RF activity significantly. None of the drugs had any marked effect on anti-ssDNA antibody formation, and none of the treatments affected the development of renal disease or modified the survival of these mice. PMID- 6532181 TI - Inhibitory actions of enprofylline and aminophylline on extravasation of plasma proteins induced by various agents in the rat skin. AB - Increased plasma protein leakage induced by i.d. injections of histamine, 5 hydroxytryptamine, bradykinin, prostaglandin E2 and ionophore A23187 in the rat skin was inhibited non-specifically by enprofylline and aminophylline in a dose related manner. Depending on the agonist used, on a weight basis enprofylline was 2.9-6.6 times more potent than aminophylline when both were given i.p. and 1.4 2.2 times more active when administered orally. Inhibitory actions of enprofylline and aminophylline were unaffected by pretreatment of animals with phentolamine and propranolol, but reduced in adrenalectomized animals. PMID- 6532182 TI - Cellular distribution of dexamethasone in rabbit spleen and lymph nodes. AB - The binding of tritiated dexamethasone by rabbit spleen and lymph nodes was studied in vivo by dry radioautography. The labeled glucocorticoid was found in the surface and cytoplasm of eosinophil leukocytes and in the nuclei of reticular cells, plasmocytes, endothelial cells and macrophages, but not in lymphocytes, lymphoblasts or plasmoblasts. Additional administration of excess of excess of non-radioactive dexamethasone suppressed this labeling. The findings are discussed in relation to the mechanism of action of glucocorticoids in lymphoid organs. PMID- 6532183 TI - Interference of cyclosporin with lymphocyte activation maintenance of the cells in a non-cycling phase and with a low intracellular pH. AB - Cyclosporin can block T cell activation by mitogens as evidenced by inhibition of exogenous thymidine integration into DNA and by blockage of the cells in the G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle. The mitogenic activation sequence shows at least one cyclosporin sensitive step at or prior to the rise of cytoplasmic pH (pHi), which normally occurs after exposure to mitogen and which seems to be a permissive condition for initiation of DNA synthesis (S phase of the cell cycle). PMID- 6532184 TI - Pharmacokinetic study of 3H-labelled PAF-acether II. Comparison with 3H-labelled lyso-PAF-acether after intravenous administration in the rabbit and protein binding. AB - The blood and plasma kinetics of intravenously administered 3H-labelled PAF acether were determined in seven rabbits. PAF-acether was rapidly distributed and slowly eliminated. Individual variations were very small. The main route of metabolism involves deacetylation of the PAF-acether into lyso-PAF-acether, leading to an equilibrium between the two molecules (10%/90%). This equilibrium, observed within 30 minutes, was still the same after 6 hours suggesting in vivo reacetylation of lyso-PAF-acether into PAF-acether. However, this could not be verified. After intravenous administration of lyso-PAF-acether in two rabbits, PAF-acether could not be found in any blood sample. The pharmacokinetic behaviour of both PAF-acether and lyso-PAF-acether can be described by a three-compartment model. PMID- 6532185 TI - An assessment of the physiological significance of cimetidine interactions with copper and zinc in biofluids as based on the computer-simulated distribution of the involved complexes at therapeutic levels of the drug. AB - The hypothesis was formerly put forward that the main therapeutic action of cimetidine (the histamine H2-receptor antagonist marketed as Tagamet) as well as some of its side effects might be mediated by its interactions with essential metal ions. The present paper reports the potentiometric study of the coordination of the drug with copper(II) and zinc(II) in NaCl 0.15 mol dm-3 at 37 degrees C. Special attention was paid to copper complexes, due to (i) the involvement of cimetidine in rheumatoid arthritis evolution which could be related to the well-established role of copper against this disease, (ii) the anti-ulcer and anti-inflammatory properties of copper. In particular, the copper cimetidine-histamine and copper-cimetidine-histidine ternary systems were investigated. Computer simulations of the distribution of cimetidine, zinc and copper in blood plasma were performed at therapeutic levels of the drug. No influence can be expected from cimetidine on the bioavailability of these metal ions, the opposite being also true. The mediation of copper in the action of cimetidine on rheumatoid arthritis should thus be ruled out, the influence of the drug being rather interpretable in terms of reduction of histamine release. Similarly, the sexual dysfunctions due to cimetidine administration are unlikely to arise from the interactions of drug with zinc in blood plasma. The possible involvement of copper and zinc in cimetidine gastrointestinal absorption is also discussed. PMID- 6532186 TI - Oligomycin toxicity in intact rats. AB - Intraperitoneal injection of oligomycin into the rat (0.5 mg per kg, corresponding to the LD33 dose) reduces the oxygen consumption by about 50%, whereas the arterial pO2 remains normal. The large extent of this decrease points to an involvement of liver and muscle tissue. Triiodothyronine pretreatment (3 doses of 0.075 mg/100 g body weight) is not able to prevent this effect. From the blood metabolites measured glucose, pyruvate and the parameters of lipid metabolism remain unchanged; only lactate is significantly increased, causing compensated metabolic acidosis. Heart rate, systolic blood pressure and electrocardiogram are essentially unchanged. Oliguria, reduced renal excretion of urea and increase of plasma urea also indicate a nephrotoxic action. The results are discussed in comparison with some effects of experimental uremia. PMID- 6532187 TI - [Experimental uveitis caused by lipopolysaccharide]. PMID- 6532188 TI - [Phagocytosis of the retinal pigment epithelium. 3. The influence of hydrophilicity and hydrous nature of polystyrene spheres]. PMID- 6532189 TI - [Measurement of cyclodeviation with fundus haploscope. Part V. Subjective cyclodeviation under uniocular conditions]. PMID- 6532190 TI - [Three-dimensional visualization of the interphotoreceptor matrix--a deep-etching study]. PMID- 6532192 TI - [Near UV filter of human lens]. PMID- 6532191 TI - [Influence of alignment of absolute stereo-fundus camera in progressive change on ocular fundus]. PMID- 6532193 TI - [Proteoglycans of the bovine vitreous body]. PMID- 6532194 TI - [Choroidal circulation on ocular contusion. I. Choroidal blood flow of experimentally contused eyes]. PMID- 6532195 TI - [Membrane alterations during cataract development in the diabetic rats lens]. PMID- 6532196 TI - [Histological studies of congenital cataract. Retardation of denucleation process]. PMID- 6532197 TI - [The inhibitory cholinergic innervation of the dilator on the movement of the pupil]. PMID- 6532198 TI - [Localization of adenylate cyclase in the rabbit trabecular meshwork: cytochemical studies]. PMID- 6532199 TI - [The effects of fluorescein monoglucuronide on the calculation of the transfer coefficient by diffusion (kdpa) after systemic administration of fluorescein]. PMID- 6532200 TI - A survey of cretinism in Bohemia and Moravia. II. Clinical Study. PMID- 6532201 TI - Amiodarone (Cordarone) in the treatment of angina pectoris. PMID- 6532202 TI - Contributions to the study of human hip joint development. PMID- 6532203 TI - [Studies of influence of animal protein intake on the urinary risk factors of calcium oxalate stone formation]. AB - To examine the effects of excessive animal protein intake on the urinary risk factors of calcium oxalate stone formation, protein loading experiments were performed on oxalate stone formers and normal subjects and rats. By animal protein loading of 61 g/day with diet which contained 400 mg of calcium and 46.6 mg of total oxalate, urinary calcium excretion increased by 27% both in stone formers and in normal subjects. Urinary oxalate excretion had a tendency to decrease on the 3rd and 4th days after loading. Urinary uric acid excretion increased significantly after loading. No significant change was recognized in the acid glycosaminoglycan (AGAG) and magnesium excretion. Urinary calcium excretion increased both in the high and low calcium diet groups after animal protein loading in the rat experiment. Urinary oxalate excretion increased after loading only in high oxalate low calcium diet group, therefore, it was supposed that animal protein intake caused increase of intestinal oxalate absorption. PMID- 6532204 TI - [Experience with a double pigtail ureteral stent]. AB - Double pigtail ureteral stent was inserted by endoscope in 12 cases and by operation in 10 cases. It was retained for 12 to 155 days without any trouble in 19 cases. Distal migration was experienced in 3 cases, but no severe side effects were experienced. The quality of life of the patient was improved since no external collection appliance was necessary. PMID- 6532205 TI - [Clinical study of eosinophilic cystitis. I. On the definition of eosinophilic cystitis. I-1. Histological observation of eosinophilic infiltration]. AB - Eosinophilic cystitis is a disease accompanied by prominent increase in the number of eosinophils in the vesical wall, but whether it is diagnosable from the number of eosinophils has not been clear. We made histological observations in 5 cases thought to have elevated eosinophil count and 13 control cases. We counted the eosinophils in the 5 fields we considered to be the place eosinophils were most abundant under 200 times magnification, and an average of 20 to 50 eosinophils were found in each field. The ratio of eosinophils in the same field to all round cell infiltration was from 36 to 85%. In 2 of the 5 cases, more than 20 eosinophils were found in some fields and the ratio to all round cell infiltration was under 5%. In the remaining one case from 5 to 20 eosinophils were found in some fields, but the ratio to round cell infiltration was over 20%. On the other hand, in the 13 control cases, the average number of eosinophils was one per field and the ratio to all round cell infiltration was under 5% in the 5 fields we considered to be the place eosinophils were most abundant. Less than 5 eosinophils were found in any of the fields and the ratio to all round cell was under 5%. From these results, the 5 cases thought to have elevated eosinophil count were diagnosed to be eosinophilic cystitis. PMID- 6532206 TI - [Changes in grading at bladder tumor recurrence]. AB - Today, transurethral resection to superficial bladder tumors is an important method, although frequent recurrence is a problem. We examined whether the degree of progressiveness could be determined at the time of recurrence and therapeutic manner decided from only the grading. Forty four cases which had recurred over twice and in which grading was changed during recurrence were examined. Recurrence occurred twice in 19 cases, and 3 times in 13 cases. Two patients had the largest number of recurrences, i.e., seven. The patients were divided in 3 groups. The 1st group consisted of 25 cases not worsening in grade from initial and recent transurethral resection-bladder tumor (TUR-Bt). The 2nd group consisted of 9 cases who had progressing grading. The 3rd group consisted of 10 cases who died of carcinoma. In the first group, grading decreased in 17 cases. Eight cases in the 3rd group were grade 4. We found that recurrent cases of bladder tumor did not always progressive, grading, being rather decreased than progressing in group 1. However, most of the grade 4 cases died of carcinoma. In conclusion, recurrent TUR-Bt in low grade bladder tumor patients may not be progressive, but grade 4 cases at recurrence require radical operation. PMID- 6532207 TI - [Bladder cancer in elderly patients]. AB - Seventy of the 205 patients treated for bladder cancer in the past 8 years were over 70 years old (older group). The male to female ratio was 2.2 in older group, and that for the younger group was 4.1. The incidence of high grade cancer was larger in the older group than in the younger group. The 5-year survival rate was 42% for the older group and 66% for the younger group. The older patients with superficial cancer died mostly because of other causes and those with invasive cancer died of cancer. Eight cases of high grade, low stage cancer were treated by TUR or radiation, and they were well-controlled. PMID- 6532208 TI - [A case of transitional cell carcinoma occurring in the bladder and bilateral renal pelvis]. AB - A 41-year-old male patient underwent transurethral resection for multiple bladder tumors in January, 1979. The pathological examination of the specimen revealed non-invasive transitional cell carcinoma G 2. Thereafter, transurethral coagulation and vesical instillation of various antitumor agents were carried out several times for tumor recurrence during the following eight months. X-ray examination for evaluation of macrohematuria, 15 months following the above treatment, showed left renal pelvic tumor. Left total nephro-ureterectomy was performed in July, 1981. However, microhematuria and class V in urine cytology were continuously observed postoperatively. Right total nephroureterectomy, followed by surgery of the internal shunt, was performed in January, 1982, after diagnosis of renal pelvic tumor by further investigation. Under maintenance hemodialysis, vagotomy and pylorus plastic operation were performed for gastroduodenal bleeding after the above surgery. Total cystectomy and urethrectomy along with irradiation during and after surgery were performed for tumor recurrence in November, 1982 and July, 1983 respectively. Unfortunately, the patient died of multiple liver metastasis and gastro-intestinal bleeding in September, 1983. All the tumor specimens showed the same histological characteristics, i.e., transitional cell carcinoma G 3. Twenty six Japanese cases of epithelial tumors of the bilateral upper urinary tract are reviewed. PMID- 6532209 TI - [Stones of the seminal vesicles and ejaculatory duct in infant: report of a case]. AB - A 7-year-old boy was brought to our clinic with the chief complaint of terminal pain on urination. Rectal examination revealed a prostate of almost normal size and consistency, but seminal vesicles were palpated to be hard and in a painful mass. Plain x-ray and urethrogram demonstrated several small stones in the posterior urethra and in seminal vesicles. In the first operation, the stones located in the posterior urethra were removed through the transvesical approach, and the seminal vesicular stones were extirpated in the next operation. The stones were found to consist of magnesium ammonium phosphate by infrared rays spectrum analysis. The histopathological findings of the partially resected seminal vesicles showed no inflammatory or tuberculous changes. Twenty cases of stones in seminal vesicle, in seminal canal, or in ejaculatory duct have been reported in the Japanese literature. Etiology, pathology, clinical problems and therapy of the stones of seminal tract are discussed in relation to the cases reported in Japan including the present case. PMID- 6532210 TI - [A case of allergic granulomatous prostatitis]. AB - This is a case report of allergic granulomatous prostatitis and its systemic dissemination. A 45-year-old male visited our hospital with initial symptoms of dysuria, pollakiuria and fever on February 19, 1980. Thereafter, a painless abscess in his left cheek and hard swelling of his right parotid gland appeared. He was hospitalized on March 11 because of hearing difficulties and congestion in the conjunctiva. Physical examination revealed no abnormalities in the chest or abdomen, but a proctological examination showed stone-like hardness of the prostate gland which was the size of a hen's egg. Laboratory findings indicated peripheral eosinophilia and immunoglobulinemia. X-rays showed multiple coin lesions in the chest and multiple cystic changes in the spleen. Biopsies of the cheek lesion and prostate showed eosinophilic granulation accompanied by fibrinoid necrosis and vasculitis. When steroid administration was started, his symptoms and signs showed dramatic but temporary improvement. The allergic lesions then gradually progressed and resisted the steroid therapy. He died on March 13, 1982. In 1972, Towfighi et al. presented 31 cases of nonspecific granulomatous prostatitis with a comprehensive review of the literature. They stated that eosinophilic granulomatous prostatitis with both fibrinoid necrosis and vasculitis caused systemic disease with a poor prognosis. Since the pathological findings in our case showed eosinophilic granulation with fibrinoid necrosis and vasculitis, it was a very rare case of the systemic type of eosinophilic granulomatous prostatitis experienced by Towfighi et al. PMID- 6532211 TI - [A case report of paraurethral leiomyoma in a female]. AB - Paraurethral tumor in females is a relatively rare disease. Herein, a case of paraurethral leiomyoma is reported. A 30-year-old woman consulted our hospital with complaints of a painless tumor and discomfort at the external genital parts. Local examination revealed a thumb's head sized tumor with smooth surface at the anterior wall of the external urethral meatus. Histologically, this tumor contained spindle cells and many collagenous fibers, and was diagnosed as leiomyoma. In Japan, there were 87 cases of female paraurethral benign tumor, which contained 47 cases of leiomyoma including this case. Fifty-four percent of the chief complaints for all female paraurethral tumors were palpable external genital masses; and, palpable painless mass was the most common complaint. Also, the patients with tumors of the posterior or lateral wall complained about urination more frequently. PMID- 6532212 TI - Radical surgery with myocutaneous flap for advanced penile carcinoma: case report. AB - A 55-year-old male with penile epidermoid carcinoma of stage C (T3N3N0) underwent radical surgery. Emasculation with profuse skin removal, including the bilateral groins, and inguinal and pelvic lymphadenectomy were performed. A urethrostomy was created at the perineum, and the skin defect was covered with tensor fascia lata myocutaneous skin flaps. Immediately after recovery from surgery, 3 cycles of chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide, adriamycin and CDDP and radiation (5,000 rad) of the local area were given. The patient is now free from tumor recurrence 12 months after the surgery. PMID- 6532213 TI - [Statistics on operations at the Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Tokai University (January, 1982 to March, 1984)]. AB - A total of 794 operations were performed at the Department of Urology, Tokai University Hospital between January, 1982 and March, 1984, including 5 operations on the adrenal gland, 64 operations on the kidney, 48 operations on the ureter, 93 operations on the urinary bladder, 124 operations on the prostate, 25 operations on the urethra, 124 operations on the penis, 190 operations on the scrotum and 19 operations on other organs. PMID- 6532214 TI - [Statistics on outpatients and inpatients at the urological department of Kosei Hospital 1975-1982]. AB - Statistical observations of 19,678 outpatients and 2,601 inpatients at our department from 1975 to 1982 revealed the following results. The new cases in the outpatient clinic were in decreasing order nonspecific infections (50.8%), urogenital tumors (11.9%), urolithiasis (9.3%) and urogenital anomalies (8.0%). The inpatients according to the organ were in decreasing order kidney (29.6%), prostate (25.5%), bladder (13.4%) and ureter (11.9%). Operations were performed 2,414 times. Frequent operations were in decreasing order phimosectomy (360 times, 14.9%), TUR-Bt (284 times, 11.8%), transurethral cryosurgery of the prostate (215 times, 8.9%), vasectomy (190 times, 7.9%) and orchiopexy (152 times, 6.3%). More young persons comprised the outpatients of our hospital than at other facilities. PMID- 6532215 TI - [A clinical survey of bacteria isolated from urine specimens of patients with various urological disease]. AB - We have clinically surveyed the distribution and disk sensitivity of bacterial strains obtained from urine of patients with various urological disease at our department during three (1975-1977) and four (1980-1983) years. Escherichia coli was the most frequently isolated (29.4%) from the outpatients, followed by Staphylococcus epidermidis (17.5%), Pseudomonas cepacia (11.2%) and Serratia marcescens (11.2%). Pseudomonas cepacia was the most frequently isolated (28.0%) from the inpatients, followed by Staphylococcus epidermidis (16.3%) and Serratia marcescens (15.9%). Pseudomonas cepacia which has been increasing was first isolated in 1977 and Serratia marcescens in 1976. They have become the main bacteria causing infections in our hospital. Pseudomonas cepacia was frequently isolated after postoperative prophylactic chemotherapy and Serratia marcescens in the late period of admission. The majority of Pseudomonas cepacia was resistant to all agents except chloramphenicol and doxycycline. Serratia marcescens was also resistant except to gentamicin and doxycycline. In Escherichia coli species, resistant strains increased gradually but they have good sensitivity to gentamicin, dibekacin, colistin and doxycycline. Staphylococcus epidermidis isolated from outpatients had good sensitivity to all agents but increased in incidence of resistant strains isolated from inpatients. PMID- 6532216 TI - Affective disorders and narcissistic vulnerability. PMID- 6532217 TI - Was Freud wrong about feminine psychology? PMID- 6532218 TI - The "Lilt" feeling. PMID- 6532219 TI - The snow leopard. Fusion in an elaborated delusional fantasy. PMID- 6532221 TI - "His scorn I approve": the self-effacing Desdemona. PMID- 6532220 TI - Individuality and hubris in mythology: the struggle to be human. AB - Mankind's social and psychological evolution require changing attitudes and behavior to maintain a harmony with the world, society, and his own self. Loss of immediacy with the world, power over it, and the increasing capacity for individuality pose special problems for the accomplishment of such harmony. How this is recognized, understood, and dealt with is a task undertaken through psychoanalysis, myth, philosophy, and literature. Various examples are given to show that the constancy of the basic truths about the nature of being human leads to a resonance among the diverse approaches and across the span of millennia and cultures. PMID- 6532222 TI - "Red rover": an expression of the psychic struggle toward separation individuation. PMID- 6532223 TI - A psychological commentary on John Gardner's Grendel. PMID- 6532224 TI - [Prenatal diagnosis of the idiopathic respiratory distress syndrome by using thin liquid films (foam films) at the solution/air phase interface]. PMID- 6532225 TI - [Uricemia as a diagnostic and prognostic criterion in the EPH syndrome]. PMID- 6532226 TI - [Dynamic changes in the duration of uterine contractions during beta adrenomimetic tocolysis in the case of an intact amniotic sac]. PMID- 6532227 TI - [Labor induction with and without primary low amniotomy--a comparison of the 2 methods]. PMID- 6532228 TI - [Immunoglobulins in placental tissue]. PMID- 6532229 TI - [Difficulties and complications of epidural analgesia during gynecological operations]. PMID- 6532230 TI - [Morphometric analysis of the normal, dyskaryotic and cancerous cells in gynecological smears]. PMID- 6532231 TI - [Analysis of the autopsy data on those dying of ovarian carcinoma at the Institute of Oncology in the last 25 years (1955-1979)]. PMID- 6532232 TI - [Vascular tumors of the placenta with a case description of 2 giant hemangiomas]. PMID- 6532233 TI - [Treatment of chronic prostatitis with the preparation sulfalene]. PMID- 6532234 TI - [A rare case of the onset, development and complication of graviditas ovarica superficialis]. PMID- 6532235 TI - [Case of primary carcinoma of the fallopian tube]. PMID- 6532236 TI - [The dynamics of blood flow]. PMID- 6532237 TI - [Functional exploration of the Eustachian tube]. PMID- 6532238 TI - High-performance liquid chromatographic mapping and structural characterization of neurophysin isoforms. AB - Both ion-exchange and reverse-phase HPLC protocols for micromapping of neurophysins have been examined and the structural relationships among the major isoforms identified in the maps have been characterized. Reverse-phase HPLC was found to be especially useful for obtaining fingerprints of the isoforms within each of the two major families of neurophysins, I (oxytocin-related) and II (vasopressin-related), for both bovine and human neurophysins from posterior pituitary sources. From fractionation of the bovine proteins on octylsilyl columns, at least four neurophysins I were identified, one of which corresponds to the intact sequence of 93 residues and three of which vary from the parent by various degrees of carboxyl-terminal truncation. For bovine neurophysin II, two isoforms were identified in the reverse-phase HPLC maps, both of 95 residues, which vary from one another by the residue, either Ile or Val, at position 89. Isoforms were also detected for human neurophysins, including a carboxyl-terminal truncated form of human neurophysin II. All of the major neurophysin isoforms and several of the minor forms were shown to be functionally active as expressed by their binding to peptide ligand affinity matrices. Reverse-phase HPLC mapping on the octylsilyl matrix allowed neurophysin fingerprinting of crude tissue extracts by providing a narrow "window" within which the neurophysins elute but many other polypeptides expected to be present are excluded. The reverse phase HPLC method provides a useful way to obtain isolated neurophysin isoforms for physicochemical characterizations now usually carried out with mixtures of isoforms obtained by ion-exchange chromatography. The method also has characteristics amenable both for high-sensitivity fingerprinting of neurophysin isoforms, from different species and anatomical sources, and as a prelude to microstructural and functional characterization of the isoforms so isolated. PMID- 6532239 TI - Detection of glutathione transferase activity on polyacrylamide gels. AB - A simple and sensitive assay for glutathione transferase activity on polyacrylamide gel is described. The method is based on the fast reduction of nitroblue tetrazolium salt by glutathione. Blue insoluble formazan colors the gel except in the glutathione transferase area. The stable and defined colorless zone is still detectable with 0.005 unit enzyme. This technique has been successfully applied with enzyme preparations of human heart and other tissues. PMID- 6532240 TI - Thermochemiluminescent assay of porcine, rat, and human erythrocytes for antioxidative deficiencies. AB - The thermal induction of chemiluminescence of luminol-horseradish peroxidase labeled erythrocytes from pigs, rats, and man was studied. The luminescent responses of rat, porcine, and human erythrocytes to heating were linear in respect to logs of counts per minute versus temperature. Landrace-Duroc crossbred pigs with a history of malignant hyperthermia (porcine stress syndrome) and Poland-China-miniature pigs inbred for malignant hyperthermia (MH) yielded erythrocytes with high-level thermochemiluminescence (TCL). Sprague-Dawley rat erythrocytes were intermediate in their production of TCL. Normal human and MH resistant miniature swine erythrocytes produced low-level TCL. However, pretreatment of human erythrocytes with 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB) resulted in high-level TCL. Furthermore, halothane enhanced the TCL of CDNB treated human erythrocytes and Landrace-Duroc porcine erythrocytes that were not treated with CDNB. Red blood cells from pigs susceptible to the porcine stress syndrome demonstrated a TCL response very similar to CDNB-treated erythrocytes. PMID- 6532241 TI - Fractionation of polyclonal antibody by isoelectric focusing--differences in cross-reactivity and affinity of rabbit clonotype anti-human thyrotropin antibody. AB - Immunoglobulin G (IgG) fractions prepared from three different batches of rabbit antihuman thyrotropin (hTSH) antisera were fractionated by agarose isoelectric focusing (IEF) in the pH ranges 3 to 10 and 5 to 8. Staining of protein in agarose gel after IEF showed that polyclonal IgG separated into more than 20 protein bands with isoelectric points (pIs) ranging from 6 to 9. The clonotype antibodies to hTSH were recovered from the fractions and subjected to radioimmunoassay for determination of the binding-affinity for hTSH and the cross reactivity with human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). The affinity constants of the antibodies recovered ranged from 6.4 X 10(9) M-1 to 3.1 X 10(10) M-1, and the cross-reactivities of the clonotype antibodies differed greatly. A good correlation was observed between the pIs of antibody molecules and their cross reactivities: antibodies with higher pIs bound hCG more strongly than those with lower pIs. The correlation coefficients between the pIs and cross-reactivities were 0.83, 0.84, and 0.87 in three batches of antibody. PMID- 6532242 TI - Detection and measurement by high-performance liquid chromatography of malondialdehyde crosslinks in DNA. AB - Malondialdehyde, which is generated by lipid peroxidation, can form DNA-protein and/or interstrand DNA crosslinks. The biological consequences of inaccurate repair of these crosslinks may be severe. The expected levels of crosslinking of DNA in vivo are low, and an extremely sensitive method must be used for their detection and measurement. Because both types of crosslinks may contain cytosine, the cytosine residues of DNA were labeled in vitro with 125I. The iodinated DNA was treated with Penicillium nuclease P1 at pH 6 and with alkaline phosphatase at pH 9, and the nucleosidic compounds were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography. The optimum conditions for measurement of the crosslinks on Ultrasphere ODS or Zorbax ODS columns were 50 mM ammonium phosphate buffer, pH 7, that contained 2% methanol and 5 mM tetra-t-butylammonium phosphate. Both DNA protein and interstrand DNA crosslinks were measurable simultaneously. The method was quantitative, reproducible, and able to detect crosslinked adducts at subpicomole levels, so that as few as two crosslinks per 10(6) base pairs were detectable. PMID- 6532243 TI - A bivariate radioimmunoassay for arginine vasopressin and the synthetic antidiuretic agent 1-deamino-8-D-arginine vasopressin (desmopressin). AB - Pairs of radioimmunoassays, each of which include a two-dimensional matrix of standards, have been previously employed to resolve specificity problems in steroid immunoassay. In this study the bivariate radioimmunoassay principle has been applied to simultaneous measurement of plasma antidiuretic hormone, arginine vasopressin, and the synthetic antidiuretic agent 1-deamino-8-D-arginine vasopressin (desmopressin), by utilizing two arginine vasopressin antisera which show significantly different cross-reactivities with the synthetic analog. Data processing consists of mathematical representation of two curved dose-response surfaces followed by solution of this pair of nonlinear simultaneous equations for the unknown arginine vasopressin and desmopressin concentrations. Details of numerical procedures are given in the Appendix. The assay appears entirely adequate in terms of sensitivity, accuracy, and precision for measurement of these antidiuretic agents in clinical samples. No evidence of significant covariance in estimated concentrations could be detected but precision of estimation is (not unexpectedly) a function of the concentration of both agents. The plasma disappearance half-time of desmopressin (probably the second of a biphasic disappearance) was estimated as 37 min in one normal subject, which is in good agreement with a previously reported value of 30 min. PMID- 6532244 TI - Use of cationic detergents for polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in multiphasic buffer systems. AB - An improved system for polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of cationic detergents, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide and cetylpyridinium chloride, respectively, is described. An acidic discontinuous buffer system generated according to the theory of multiphasic zone electrophoresis developed by T. M. Jovin (1973, Biochemistry 12, 871-904) was used. It was optimized with respect to the operational conditions and to the desirable range of relative mobility values for the proteins that have molecular weights from 16,500 to 90,300. Also presented is a procedure for the elimination of interference from cationic detergents frequently encountered during staining of gels. The electrophoretic system was suitable for fractionating a wide variety of proteins. The technique can also be used to provide an alternative estimate of molecular weight. To fully account for accurate estimations, the Ferguson relationship between mobility and gel concentration and the relation of molecular weight to mobility at a single gel concentration were both considered. Examples reported in this paper include the separation and/or molecular weight determination of several common proteins, histones, and microfibrillar and myofibrillar proteins. The results suggest that electrophoresis in the presence of cationic detergents offers the same degree of reliability in analysis of most proteins as is provided by the anionic detergent sodium dodecyl sulfate electrophoresis. PMID- 6532245 TI - Oxidative determination of 14C-labeled 2-oxo acids. AB - A simple and rapid assay for the determination of 1-14C- or U-14C-labeled 2-oxo acids is described. It is based on the selective and complete oxidation of the carboxyl group to 14CO2. Preceding purification procedures are not necessary. In rat hindlimb perfusion studies, the procedure was used to develop an indirect method for the estimation of the intracellular dilution of [1-14C]pyruvate and to determine the relationship between the transamination and decarboxylation rates of leucine in the perfused tissue by the use of tracer doses of L-[1-14C]leucine. PMID- 6532246 TI - A sensitive method for the routine determination of plasma nicotine by flame ionization gas-liquid chromatography. AB - A gas chromatographic procedure for the analysis of nicotine in plasma, which uses quinoline as an internal standard, is reported. The nicotine is extracted with diethyl ether, concentrated without any evaporation, thus avoiding losses, and analyzed without derivatization. The recovery is 83.2 +/- 6.1% (n = 6). Although the analysis is carried out with a classical flame ionization detector, the detection limit is 0.1 ng/ml. Linearity is observed up to 100 ng/ml. The results of the precision analysis performed in the working range indicate a good reproducibility: a coefficient of variation of 5.2% is obtained for within-run analysis and 10.5 to 4.5% for nicotine values from 2.9 to 19.1 ng/ml for day analysis. Since a single run (the limitative step) lasts less than 15 min this improved procedure allows a great number of samples to be processed per day. PMID- 6532247 TI - Quantitation of free and conjugated bile acids in human feces using a high pressure liquid chromatography counterion method. AB - A method has been developed for extraction and purification of the major bile acids in human feces, and for their quantitative estimation using high-pressure liquid chromatography. Freeze-dried fecal material was extracted with alkaline ethanol and, after removal of neutral steroids, was subjected to thin-layer chromatography, followed by reversed-phase C18 silica cartridge (Sep-Pak) purification. The mixture was further separated into free, and glyco and tauro conjugates by ion-exchange chromatography. Subsequent resolution of individual bile acids was accomplished by HPLC using a counterion pairing method. PMID- 6532248 TI - Automatic potentiometric micro-determination of basic nitrogen in organic compounds. PMID- 6532249 TI - Spectrophotometric determination of histamine in mast cells, muscle and urine by solvent extraction with copper(II) and tetrabromophenolphthalein ethyl ester. PMID- 6532250 TI - Studies of nickel absorption in rats using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry and liquid scintillation counting. PMID- 6532251 TI - An examination of instrumental systems for reducing the cycle time in atomic absorption spectroscopy with electrothermal atomisation. PMID- 6532252 TI - Spectrophotometric method for the determination of cyanide and its application to biological fluids. PMID- 6532253 TI - High-performance liquid chromatographic analysis of urinary hydroxylysyl glycosides as indicators of collagen turnover. PMID- 6532254 TI - [Clinical use of antifoaming agent Propynol B-400 during extracorporeal circulation]. PMID- 6532255 TI - [Selection of the optimal volume of the blood shunt for synchronous veno-arterial perfusion during acute cardiovascular insufficiency]. PMID- 6532256 TI - [Long-term continuous electric stimulation of the phrenic nerve]. PMID- 6532257 TI - [Hemodynamics and oxygen transport during hemosorption in patients with destructive pancreatitis and diffuse peritonitis]. PMID- 6532258 TI - [Changes in the indicators of central hemodynamics and regional cerebral blood flow in patients with eclampsia and their possible correction]. PMID- 6532259 TI - [Disorders of the acid-excretory function of the kidneys in middle-aged and old patients with peritonitis]. PMID- 6532260 TI - [Osmolarity discriminant in the evaluation of the condition of patients requiring intensive care]. PMID- 6532261 TI - [Prediction of the immediate results of critical care of patients in intensive care units]. PMID- 6532262 TI - [Infusion-transfusion therapy in the prevention of thromboembolic complications of the surgical treatment of large-intestinal cancer]. PMID- 6532263 TI - [Hormonal homeostasis during surgical treatment of large-intestinal cancer associated with ischemic heart disease]. PMID- 6532264 TI - [Anesthesia during surgery in a provincial hospital]. PMID- 6532265 TI - [Indications for preoperative counterpulsation in patients with ischemic heart disease]. PMID- 6532267 TI - [Determination of nicotine in breast milk by coupling gas chromatography and mass spectrometry]. AB - The authors describe the nicotine quantification in milk by GC - MS. In order to obtain a good chromatographic separation, the nicotine is previously separated by steam distillation. Quinoleine is used as internal standard. CV is lower than 5 per cent. PMID- 6532266 TI - [Effects of intravenous urography using sodium and meglumine ioxitalamate (Telebrix 38) on blood creatinine and urinary excretion of N-acetyl-beta-D glucosaminidase]. AB - We evaluated the effect of intravenous pyelography (IVP) with sodium ioxitalamate and meglumine (Telebrix 38) on serum creatinine levels and urinary excretion of N acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG). Both values were significantly elevated 24 and 48 hours following intravenous pyelography. The increase of urinary NAG however, was much greater than that of the serum creatinine level. In patients with normal serum creatinine levels prior to the IVP, urinary NAG was very elevated at 24 hours and had returned to almost normal values 48 hours after intravenous pyelography. On the contrary, urinary NAG was increased at 48 hours as well as at 24 hours in patients with chronic renal failure following administration of Telebrix 38. It was not possible to demonstrate any correlation between NAG urinary excretion and the amount of iodinated contrast material administered, even in patients with normal renal function. PMID- 6532268 TI - Human surface electrogastrograms: ac and dc measurements. AB - Both ac and dc abdominal electrical recordings were made on fasted and fed human subjects using a spatial array of 18 cutaneous, biopotential electrodes. Controlled skin puncture minimized cutaneous potentials. Pregelling electrodes minimized drift. The recording sessions were between two and three hours in length. We determined the optimal location for ac recording of a 3 cpm wave at a location on the midline approximately 5 cm below the xiphoid process. Seven cpm waves were also observed in one individual at the same location. The dc values were fed into a Hewlett Packard 1000 computer which interpolated the intermediate values and plotted two-dimensional contour plots which were examined visually. The right abdominal surface was typically 1.8 mV more negative than the left for prefeeding. The left abdominal surface was typically 4.6 mV more negative than the right for postfeeding. We propose an electrical model that explains these results during the fasted state. PMID- 6532269 TI - Platelet adhesion determination in whole blood using a simple stagnation flow method. AB - A simple stagnation flow method for the determination of platelet adhesivity has been developed. The sensitivity of the method to its main operational parameters was tested, resulting in recommended standard flow conditions. The method was shown to be dependent on the surface properties of the test slide, on which platelets are deposited, thus proving its suitability to elucidate variations in the surface interaction of the platelets. Normal values were established for males and females. PMID- 6532270 TI - Historic and future development of high-frequency ventilation. AB - High-frequency ventilation (HFV) has not one but several histories. Proceeding along largely independent pathways are techniques using frequencies of 1-5 Hz and techniques using 10-40 Hz, the former being introduced by Sjostrand in 1971, the latter by Lunkenheimer in 1972. It was nearly ten years before it was recognized that these techniques must radically alter our concepts of gas transport within the lung. There has also been an unfortunate series of clinical studies purporting to show that HFV is superior to conventional ventilation in patients with lung disease. There is no doubt that nearly all reports show that HFV controls PaCO2 very easily, and that the mechanisms by which this is achieved is the primary topic of the symposium. What has not been proved is that HFV is better than conventional ventilation in increasing PaO2. The mechanisms of oxygen exchange when the lung has extensive shunts are quite different from those for CO2 exchange, and this problem has not been rigorously addressed. PMID- 6532271 TI - Turbulence in pulsatile flows. AB - Turbulence during pulsatile flow has been suggested as a possible mechanism to enhance the transport of gases during high-frequency ventilation. Experimental studies on oscillatory flow in straight, circular tubes have identified three types of flow: (a) laminar; (b) conditionally turbulent, in which high-frequency disturbances occur during the decelerating phase of the flow cycle but relaminarize by the beginning of the subsequent accelerating phase; and (c) fully turbulent flow, in which disturbances occur throughout the flow cycle. Fully turbulent flow has been observed only when a mean flow is present, and only laminar or conditionally turbulent flow has been observed for purely oscillatory flow. A critical Reynolds number based on the Stokes layer can be defined, and transition Reynolds numbers between 400 and 550 have been experimentally determined for purely oscillatory flow in a circular tube, although lower values are expected for physiological flows. There are some indications that the structure of oscillating turbulent flow is similar to steady turbulent flow, and preliminary work in our laboratory shows that the spectral content of flows during high-frequency ventilation is similar to that in steady turbulent flow. PMID- 6532273 TI - Gas transport in branched airways during high-frequency ventilation. AB - A theoretical model of high-frequency ventilation (HFV) is presented based on the physical convective exchange process that occurs due to the irreversibility of gas velocity profiles in oscillatory flow through the bronchial airways. Mass transport during the convective exchange process can be characterized by a convective exchange length, LE, which depends only on the irreversibility of bronchial velocity profiles and can be measured by the experimental technique of photographic flow visualization in bronchial tree models. Using the exchange length and the molecular diffusivity, a simple model of overall bronchial mass transfer is developed. The model allows a prediction of the mean gas concentration profiles along the airways, the site of maximum mass transfer resistance, and overall flow rate of the gas of interest in or out of the lung as functions of the parameters of HFV. The results predicted by the model agree with the limited experimental data available for animals and humans. For normal unassisted ventilation, total bronchial cross-sectional area around the 15th Weibel bronchial generation is predicted to be the single most important parameter in controlling the total gas transport rate along the airways. For the breathing of room air, values of the respiratory quotient around 0.78 are predicted, which are insensitive to VT and f. The model represents a fruitful combination of fluid mechanical theory and experiment with physiologic data to yield new and deeper insight into the operation of the human respiratory system during HFV and normal breathing. PMID- 6532272 TI - The mixing and axial transport of smoke in oscillatory tube flows. AB - To gain a better insight on the mechanisms of transport in high-frequency ventilation, we examined the transport of smoke in a straight tube, a model of the trachea. A smoke bolus was injected into a ventilator, and the movement of the smoke along the tube was monitored by a laser-photomultiplier system. With this system we studied the instantaneous movement of the smoke cycle by cycle and that over a longer period. From the latter, a transport coefficient can be calculated to characterize how fast the smoke is transported along the tube. We found that for low frequency, the flow is laminar with a transport coefficient smaller or approximately 700 cm2/s. For very high frequencies, the oscillatory flow becomes turbulent and effects a strong radial and axial mixing. The transport coefficient increases to as high as 5,000 cm2/s. Over a certain intermediate range of the frequency, the mixing can be a laminar one over several cycles of oscillation and a turbulent one for some subsequent cycles. PMID- 6532274 TI - Gas transport during high-frequency ventilation: theoretical model and experimental validation. AB - We present a theoretical model of gas transport through the dead space during high-frequency ventilation (HFV) with volumes less than dead space volume. The analysis is based on the axial distribution of transit times of gas moving through the dead space. The model predicts that for tidal volumes (V) much less than dead space (VD), gas exchange will be proportional to the product of frequency (f) and V2. If gas transport is analyzed in terms of Fick's law, then the effective diffusion coefficient (Deff) can be shown to be equal to fV2 times a constant, whose value equals the square of the coefficient of dispersion of axial transit times through the dead space (sigma t/t)2. Experimental results in straight tubes fit the predictions of this model quite well. A (sigma t/t) through the entire dead space of about 30% is more than sufficient to account for gas exchange during HFV in physical models or in intact animals. An axial dispersion of this magnitude can be measured directly from a typical Fowler dead space determination in healthy subjects. PMID- 6532275 TI - [Apropos of spontaneous bilio-digestive fistulas]. PMID- 6532276 TI - [Applications of microsurgery in non-neoplastic injuries of the common bile duct]. PMID- 6532277 TI - [External abdominal drainage of the lower mesocolic region]. PMID- 6532278 TI - [Peripheral arterial embolic complications in acute myocardial infarct]. PMID- 6532279 TI - [Etiopathogenesis of infiltrating cholecystopathy. Experimental research. Preliminary notes on technic and basic findings]. PMID- 6532280 TI - Description of Corynebacterium tuberculostearicum sp. nov., a leprosy-derived Corynebacterium. AB - Leprosy-derived corynebacteria (LDC) have been extensively studied over the past decade. A composite of their biological properties (cell morphology, staining reactions, cellular inclusions and guanine-plus-cytosine content of their deoxyribonucleic acid; 16 strains studied) and their chemical structures (peptidoglycan type, major cell wall polysaccharide, major glycolipid as well as characteristic mycolic acids) appears to define them as members of the genus Corynebacterium. In relation to other corynebacteria found in humans, including "JK corynebacteria", they seem to be distinct. They are here named Corynebacterium tuberculostearicum sp. nov. because they produce a 10 methyloctadecanoic (tuberculostearic) acid (8 strains studied). This and some of their other attributes are considered in relation to properties of leprosy bacilli and Mycobacterium leprae. PMID- 6532281 TI - Role of the virulence-associated plasmids of Yersinia enterocolitica on its immunogenicity against Y. pestis. AB - Forty-two strains selected from various serovars of Yersinia enterocolitica were studied for their ability to induce cross-protection against Y. pestis. Only primo-infected mice (i.v.) with inocula prepared from strains of Y. enterocolitica belonging to serovars 0:3, 0:9 and 0:5, 27 harbouring a 47-Mdal virulence-associated plasmid were resistant to Y. pestis. The spontaneously cured (plasmid-less) derivatives of these strains had lost the capacity to induce this cross-immunity. PMID- 6532282 TI - Detection of aminopeptidases in Enterobacteriaceae by three simple chromogenic tests. AB - The action of 907 strains belonging to the various genera and species of the family Enterobacteriaceae were assayed on three chromogenic substrates used for the detection of aminopeptidases. The observed patterns of reactions may be useful for the biochemical identification of some serovars and biovars, particularly in the genus Shigella. PMID- 6532283 TI - [Attempted characterization of microorganisms by their metallic profiles]. AB - Ten medically or environmentally significant strains of bacteria were assessed as to their metallic content (Be, Mg, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb). Metallic detection was performed using a carbon rod-equipped atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Experimental parameters such as heavy metal content of initial culture medium, incubation, "red fuming" nitric acid digestion times, evaporative losses (and their individual correction) plus primary sample dilutions, were standardized. For the ten strains studied, characteristic metallic profiles were observed. More work is needed to assess the taxonomic and epidemiologic significance of metallic profiles of microorganisms. PMID- 6532284 TI - The treatment of acute angle-closure glaucoma revisited. PMID- 6532285 TI - The eye as a peripheral sensor. AB - The eye is no longer an organ onto itself, but is now being used as a sensor for the rest of the body. The development, clinical uses, and future applications of conjunctival capillary monitoring are presented. PMID- 6532286 TI - The effect of topical indomethacin ophthalmic solution in maintaining mydriasis during cataract surgery. AB - One hundred six consecutive patients undergoing elective cataract surgery were divided into a control group and treatment group in a double-blinded study to evaluate the non-steroidal, anti-inflammatory drug indomethacin as an aid for maintaining pupil dilation during surgery. Both groups received the routine preoperative dilating drops, and the treatment group also received 1% indomethacin. After lens extraction, the change in pupil diameter from the preoperative measurement averaged 0.27 mm in the treatment group and 0.84 mm in the control group. The difference in control groups was significant (p = 0.001), favoring indomethacin for maintaining pupil dilation. PMID- 6532287 TI - Prevention of aphakic retinal detachment by retinocryocoagulation. AB - A retrospective study of 36 second eyes with cataract, who have undergone prophylactic retinocryocoagulation prior to cataract extraction, is presented. All 36 patients suffered an aphakic retinal detachment in the first eye in the past. Postoperative complications included iritis, transient cycloplegia and retinal hemorrhages; two patients developed retinal tears following cataract surgery. During the average followup period of 8.4 years, no retinal detachment occurred among this group of patients. This study strongly supports the value of preventive treatment (retinocryocoagulation) of the second eyes prior to cataract extraction, which have a high risk of aphakic retinal detachment. PMID- 6532288 TI - Myopic correction using alloplastic implants in non-human primates--a preliminary report. AB - Hydrogel keratophakia has been studied in a non-primate model in an attempt to develop a more predictable form of myopic refractive surgery. Although the largest potential clinical use for this form of surgery is for the correction of myopia, currently available surgical techniques are not nearly as predictable as non-surgical devices such as spectacles and contact lenses. In this paper, hydrogel lenses, implanted in non-human primate corneas, were used for the first time to flatten the anterior corneal surface as would be required for the correction of myopia. Up to 9 diopters of correction was obtained. Little change in corneal astigmatism was found. The technical aspects of the surgery are quite simple, and the corneas healed rapidly and have excellent clarity. Extensive primate testing will be necessary to determine the accuracy of this procedure before clinical trials should be undertaken. PMID- 6532290 TI - Adie's syndrome: a medical treatment for symptomatic patients. AB - A symptomatic patient with Adie's syndrome is described as successfully managed with pilocarpine 0.125% applied topically to the involved eye three times daily. This is the first report of such a patient responding to direct parasympathomimetic therapy. Alternate approaches to the therapy of Adie's syndrome are mentioned. An approach to the management of Adie's syndrome is proposed. PMID- 6532289 TI - Corneal epithelial dysplasia. AB - Corneal epithelial dysplasia without an identifiable limbal mass is an entity that is frequently overlooked in the differential diagnosis of chronic corneal epithelial disease. It is characterized by unilateral chronic irritative symptoms, decreased visual acuity, decreased sensation in the affected areas, and a somewhat characteristic appearance to the affected corneal epithelium. Mechanical debridement of the epithelium brings prompt relief from the symptoms, but recurrences are common. It appears that this entity is not widely recognized and should be considered in cases of chronic corneal epithelial disease of obscure etiology. PMID- 6532291 TI - Experimental modification of the corneal curvature by means of scleral surgery. AB - Most surgical procedures for correcting astigmatism are done on the cornea. The present article shows the modification of the corneal curvature by scleral surgery. The experiments were conducted on rabbit eyes. The most spherical eyes were chosen according to the keratometric measurements. A geometrical analysis of the astigmatism shows that beginning with an ellipse (image of an astigmatic eye in the corneascope), by modifying the main radii of the ellipse, while the perimeter is maintained constant a perfect circle is thus obtained. This analysis enables us to calculate the amount of sclera surgery required to obtain a given correction for a given degree of astigmatism. Four scleral procedures were investigated: folds, resections, imbrications, and sclerotomies; the results show that the first three procedures steepen the meridian where the surgery is performed while flattening simultaneously the ortogonal meridian. The main advantages of scleral surgery vs corneal surgery for correction of astigmatism are: (a) the cornea remains untouched, (b) the surgical area will be protected by the conjunctiva, (c) the stitches are left permanently, and (d) larger astigmatic errors can so be corrected. PMID- 6532292 TI - Evolution of a retinal arterial macroaneurysm. AB - A 58-year-old hypertensive male developed a superior temporal branch vein occlusion in the left eye in 1979. Fluorescein angiography documented the venous occlusion, as well as normal arterial flow. Subsequent laser photocoagulation was performed for cystoid macular edema. In 1981 the patient developed a pre- and sub retinal hemorrhage in the left eye due to a retinal arterial macroaneurysm in the superior temporal quadrant. Fluorescein angiography documented normal retinal arterial blood flow in the affected vessel at the time of development of the macroaneurysm, but the vessel subsequently occluded. This case adds to the scant literature documenting the evolution of a retinal arterial macroaneurysm. PMID- 6532293 TI - Amiodarone keratopathy. AB - Thirty-eight patients received an average of 325 mg of amiodarone per day (range, 100 to 600 mg/day) for an average period of 16 months (range, nine to 30 months). Visible corneal microdeposits developed in all patients. Ninety-five percent of our patients had grade I or grade II keratopathy with no effect on vision. Five percent (5%) had grade III keratopathy with loss of one line of visual acuity and experienced subjective blurring and colored halos. Although there was a relationship of the total cumulative dose of the drug to the density of the corneal microdeposits, there was great variability from patient to patient, which limited the usefulness of this relationship. PMID- 6532294 TI - [Radiography and blunt trauma of the pancreas and the left kidney]. PMID- 6532295 TI - [Cystic malformations of the pancreas]. PMID- 6532297 TI - [Nonresectable cancer of the rectum. 26 Cases treated by preoperative irradiation]. PMID- 6532296 TI - [Primary hemocholecystitis. Apropos of 7 cases]. PMID- 6532298 TI - [Critical study of revascularization in injuries of the extremities]. PMID- 6532299 TI - [Fractures of the external condyle in infants. Apropos of 45 cases]. PMID- 6532300 TI - [Operative diagnosis of peritoneal nodules. A case report of disseminated leiomyomatosis]. PMID- 6532301 TI - [Carcinoid syndrome and an isolated tumor of the appendix. A case report]. PMID- 6532302 TI - [Cockett syndrome: treatment by vein decompression using a retro-aortic bone graft]. PMID- 6532303 TI - [Pathologic anatomy of villous tumors]. AB - After defining a number of essential terms and recalling the great many synonyms used in the literature, the authors discuss the macroscopic and histological appearance of villous tumours. They emphasize the importance of a good methodology, the limitations of biopsies and the fact that the prognosis of a lesion can only be established after examination of all of the specimen. PMID- 6532304 TI - [Technic of the surgical excision of villous tumors]. AB - Villous tumours of the colon and rectum are characterized by a high incidence of malignancy (50%) and by their tendency to recur. Invasive malignant villous tumours require wide excision in the same way as adenocarcinomas. Non-invasive tumours (stage 0 and stage I) should be treated like benign villous tumours. Villous tumours of the colon, i.e. situated more than 15 cm from the anus, are removed by a short colonic resection. Villous tumours of the rectum which are small and pedunculated or sessile, situated less than 8 cm from the anus can be excised via the trans-anal route, provided a margin of healthy mucosa is removed around the villous zone. High rectal tumours which are very large or diffuse are removed by a trans-sacral approach, low extensive tumours are removed by a coccyperineal or trans-sphincteric approach. Recurrences (30 to 40%) always occur after incomplete excision, especially after a trans-anal resection. Benign tumours can also recur, although remaining benign, and require a further local excision. PMID- 6532305 TI - [Rectocolic villous tumors. Study of 69 cases]. AB - The study of 69 villous lesions selected from a homogeneous experience confirms the aetiological, symptomatological and evolutive features described in the literature. The difficulty of establishing the therapeutic indication which takes into account all of the factors associated with villous tumours results in a high risk of recurrence. Analysis of the recurrences observed suggests that a flexible therapeutic approach should be adopted, together with a thorough surveillance of the patient according to well established rules. PMID- 6532306 TI - [Inverted polypoid hamartoma of the rectum]. AB - The inverted polypoid hamartoma of the rectum (IPHR) is characterized by polypoid masses composed of ectopic glands of Lieberkuhn invaginated within the mucosal muscle to form a conglomeration in the submucosa, hence the term "inverted polyp". It produces an unremarkable rectal syndrome, more suggestive, when abundant glairy exudate is observed, in young subjects. It causes a unique sessile polypoid lesion, occasionally multilobular or a stenotic, approximately circular, ring. Diagnosis is made using deep surgical biopsies. Two theories, dysgenetic or acquired, attempt to explain the pathogenesis of this lesion. The predominant acquired theory includes IPHR in the "solitary rectal ulcer" syndrome which is related to the traumatism of rectal prolapse. Transanal ablation is the predominant treatment. PMID- 6532308 TI - [Left internal paraduodenal hernia: a case in a young adult]. AB - The authors report the case of a left paraduodenal hernia which involved almost the entire small intestine in a 15 year old girl who presented with recurrence episodes of acute abdominal pain associated with Konig's syndrome. Radiologic examination (plain film of the abdomen and upper GI series with small bowel follow-through) was suspicious, but did not establish the diagnosis due to unfamiliarity with the radiologic appearance of the condition. The roentgenograms are shown as well as the intraoperative findings. Anatomic, pathophysiologic, clinical, and radiologic characteristics are reviewed. PMID- 6532307 TI - [Medically diagnosed alcoholic morbidity in wine-producing and mining cantons of Languedoc]. AB - The aim of this study is to evaluate the severity of medically diagnosed alcoholic disease in two regions of France, the Herault region (wine producing) and the Gard region (mining), by means of a questionnaire filled in by 84 p. cent of general practitioners with a very low loss rate (7%). This is not a study of incidence, but an analysis of the morbidity observed and diagnosed in a large population sample. The survey detected 2,4 p. cent and 2,7 p. cent of the male population and 0,2 and 0,3 p. cent of the female population. The morbidity varies with age and sex and alcohol abuse was found to occur earlier in the mining region than in the wine producing region. Although there is no correlation between age and the frequency of consultations, the proportion of patients consulting for an alcohol related disease decreases with increasing age. The more advanced the alcohol related disease, the more difficult it is for the doctor to distinguish between symptoms which are due to aging and those due to alcohol. The doctor does not relate hypertension to alcoholism. PMID- 6532309 TI - [Adverse effects of antacids]. PMID- 6532310 TI - [A plea in favor of a general and common classification of malignant tumors]. PMID- 6532311 TI - [Percutaneous nephrolithotomy in 1984. Technics, results, indications]. AB - Percutaneous nephrolithotomy - PCNL - was made possible by technological progress, with the introduction of nephroscopes, lithotomy forceps, and mechanical, ultrasonic or electrohydraulic lithotriptors. The procedure includes four stages. First needle puncture of the inferior or middle calyx. Secondly, dilatation of the pathway and creation of a tunnel. Thirdly, investigation of the collecting system. And, finally, extraction of the stone. The results of 302 published cases show a success rate of 87 per cent, a complete failure rate of 13 per cent, and residual stones in 10 per cent of cases. The complication rate is 7 per cent, with hemorrhage and sepsis in roughly equal proportions. A few other complications are occasionally reported, such as colic wounds, perirenal collections, traumas of the ureteropelvic junction, pneumothorax, or a stone left in the lumbar wall. There was one case of death. The hospitalization period is the same as for lombotomy, but the return to work is more rapid. The best indications are pelvic and inferior calyceal stones (with a success rate of over 80 per cent). Despite their enthusiasm for this procedure, the authors feel that is still remains to be seen or whether it will in turn be superseded by ultrasound lithotripsy. PMID- 6532312 TI - [Percutaneous renal surgery. Analysis of 100 cases of percutaneous nephrolithotomy]. AB - The authors review a series of 100 consecutive patients treated by elective percutaneous nephrolithotomy. The success rate was 83%, and the complication rate, under 2%. For these reasons, percutaneous nephrolithotomy is becoming an established procedure for the surgical management of kidney stones. After an initial phase, the one-stage manipulation was performed with a mean hospital stay of 4 days in 70% of cases. PMID- 6532313 TI - [Santorini's venous plexus]. AB - This article provides an anatomical study of Santorini's venous plexus based on forty dissections. The authors present a sketch of the plexus and its housing and suggest surgical applications of this anatomic sketch. PMID- 6532314 TI - [Treatment of urethral stenoses by dilatation with the Olbert catheter. A propos of 50 cases]. AB - The method of treating urethral strictures described in this article is inspired from the technique for percutaneous angioplasty, using an inflatable catheter. It provides good immediate results in 80% of cases, regardless of the localization of the stricture and the previous treatment. PMID- 6532315 TI - [Apropos of a case of renal oncocytoma with hepatic localization]. AB - A renal oncocytoma was treated by radical nephrectomy. Although it was considered benign, hepatic localizations were discovered seven years later. The authors discuss the problems of whether these were secondary metastatic lesions or a new development in the evolution of the disease. PMID- 6532316 TI - [Endometriosis and obstruction of the upper excretory pathway. Apropos of 2 cases]. AB - The authors report two new cases of endometriosis of the ureter, one affecting the pelvic ureter as part of a locoregional disorder, and the other, more unusual, affecting the lumbar ureter and apparently isolated. Both patients were treated surgically: one with ureterovesical reimplantation in a psoic ureter, and the other by resection and anastomosis after ureterolysis, because the diagnosis was only made postoperatively on the basis of the anatomicopathological images. Details concerning this rare localization of endometriosis are given on the basis of a review of the literature. Diagnosis is difficult. Space is given to a discussion of the recent possibilities of medical treatment; the results, however, are dependent on the anatomicopathological characteristics of the lesion. The patient must therefore be followed closely to avoid functional loss of the kidney, which can be avoided by appropriate surgical means. PMID- 6532317 TI - [Renal insufficiency caused by prostatic cancer. Apropos of 7 cases]. AB - Prostatic carcinoma was discovered in seven patients presenting with renal failure, with ages ranging from 44 to 84. Management consisted of various associations of estrogens, steroids, hemodialysis, TUR, ureteral implantation, or ureteral prostheses. Cutaneous ureterostomy was avoided whenever possible. Survival was less than one year for four patients with anaplastic carcinoma, while all the others survived for at least four years. Two different obstructive mechanisms caused the acute renal failure in these patients: simple infravesical obstruction, easily relieved by TUR, and retroperitoneal ureteral obstruction, requiring a more complex operative procedure in hormone dependent patients. PMID- 6532318 TI - [Obstetric and neonatal consequences of urinary infection during pregnancy]. AB - In this article, the authors study the real obstetrical and neonatal effects of urinary infection in pregnant women. Basing themselves on 225 cases of gravidic urinary infection, the authors discuss asymptomatic bacteriuria, the need of early diagnosis in risk patients, and the use of regular post-treatment monitoring, in view of the fact that, even when well-treated, this complaint is apt to recur. PMID- 6532319 TI - Evidence that ribavirin is transported in Aedes albopictus cells by the nucleoside transport system. AB - Aedes albopictus cells (CAE-3-6) deficient in the transport of nucleosides showed a markedly impaired ability to transport the antiviral compound, ribavirin. Furthermore, in order to inhibit either cell growth or viral replication, the transport negative CAE-3-6 cells required significantly higher concentrations of ribavirin than were needed for a similar degree of inhibition in the parental C7 cells. Although ribavirin did lower the level of GTP in CAE-3-6 cells the effect was slower and less striking than in the parental cells. These results indicate that ribavirin is transported across the plasma membrane of Aedes albopictus cells by the same transport system which functions to transport naturally occurring nucleosides. PMID- 6532320 TI - Effect of tiazofurin on tomato plants infected with tomato spotted wilt virus. AB - Tiazofurin (2-beta-D-ribofuranosylthiazole-4-carboxamide) was examined for its activity against tomato-spotted wilt virus (TSWV) in tomato plants. Solutions containing 50, 100, 200, 400 and 800 mg/l of the drug were sprayed onto the leaves. The results showed that 100 and 200 mg/l were the most efficient concentrations to suppress TSWV infection, thereby delaying the appearance of systemic symptoms. The drug was more effective in controlling TSWV infection when applied after than before virus inoculation. The results suggest that tiazofurin can be used as an efficient antiviral drug in the treatment of TSWV-infected tomato plants. PMID- 6532321 TI - The influence of a methyl group in the cardiac activity of the semisynthetic glycoside glucodigitoxigenin. PMID- 6532322 TI - Experimental effects of AR-L 115 BS on electrophysiology, contractility and relaxation parameters. PMID- 6532323 TI - [Determination of the concentration of gentamycin in the renal tissue of rats by radioimmunoassay]. PMID- 6532324 TI - Intestinal absorption of cholesterol autoxidation products in the rat. PMID- 6532325 TI - [A pharmacokinetic study of various benzodiazepines]. PMID- 6532326 TI - [Relation between chemical structure and physicochemical and pharmacokinetic properties of various benzodiazepines]. PMID- 6532327 TI - The chemotherapy of rodent malaria, XXXVII. The in vivo action of two Mannich bases, WR 194,965 and WR 228,258 and an 8-aminoquinoline WR 225,448. AB - Two new Mannich base antimalarials, WR 194,965 and 228,258 exhibit blood schizontocidal action against Plasmodium berghei in vivo. This action is retained also against the P. berghei NS line which has a low level of resistance to chloroquine. While WR 228,258 is also active against the highly chloroquine resistant RC line, WR 194,965 is not. Both compounds show slightly reduced activity against the highly mefloquine-resistant N/1100 line. WR 225,448, an 8 aminoquinoline, is as active against blood stages of the NS, RC and N/1100 lines of P. berghei as against the N strain, and more so on a dose/weight basis than the first two compounds. It shows a low level of cross-resistance against the primaquine-resistant P line. WR 225,448 has a clear causal prophylactic effect on the pre-erythrocytic schizonts of P. yoelii nigeriensis. While WR 194,965 and 228,258 also appeared to act on these stages, the effect is most probably due to residual action on emerging erythrocytic merozoites since pre-erythrocytic schizonts in treated animals were morphologically indistinguishable from those of the untreated control. PMID- 6532328 TI - Detection of circulating trypanosomal antigens by enzyme immunoassay. AB - Antisera raised against Trypanosoma evansi and T. congolense were used in a double antibody sandwich enzyme immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to detect trypanosomal antigens in sera from experimentally infected rabbits and goats. Assays quantitated using reference antigen preparations and the homologous antisera showed that antigens could be detected at protein concentrations of 1.5 microgram ml-1. The antisera also cross-reacted with soluble antigens prepared from T. brucei and T. vivax at similar protein concentrations. In rabbits infected with T. evansi circulating antigens were first detected in serum four to eight days after infection and increased in levels thereafter. However, seven days after treatment with the trypanocidal drug suramin antigens were no longer detectable. In rabbits infected with T. congolense by Glossina morsitans, antigens were detected in serum 14 days after infective fly bite and had disappeared ten days after treatment with homidium chloride. Trypanosomal antigens were also detected in sera from goats infected with T. brucei and T. vivax using the antiserum prepared against T. evansi. Antigens were detected seven days after infection and maximal values observed between ten and 40 days post-infection, thereafter values declined but remained higher than pre-infection levels for up to 130 days. PMID- 6532329 TI - Studies on the vector of kala-azar in Kenya, VIII. The outbreak in Machakos District; epidemiological features and a possible way of control. AB - The epidemiology of kala-azar was studied in East Katangini, the area in Machakos District where the incidence of the disease had been highest during the epidemic years 1977-1979. A house-to-house survey showed that 19.3% of the homesteads had harboured kala-azar patients in the period 1977-1980, while 3.2% of the people had suffered from the disease. Significantly more males had had the disease than females and more children than adults, while the male patients came mainly from poorer homesteads. Significantly more kala-azar occurred in homesteads within 200 metres of a termite hill, while kala-azar seemed to occur particularly in homesteads near dry river beds. During a period of one year, sandflies were caught in a small focus of infection. They were still common in rock fissures, but were rare in other resting sites such as termite hills and huts. Particularly, the man-biting Phlebotomus martini was rare, as were other man biting insects such as Anopheles gambiae. Very recently the farmers had begun to grow cotton which was sprayed regularly with insecticides stored mostly in the farmers' homes. As a result, the number of new patients in 1980 fell to four, and the longer the people had stored insecticides in their compounds, the lower was the recent kala-azar incidence in these homesteads. Presumably the insecticide treatments killed many sandflies and other insects, while the storing of insecticides protected the people inside their huts, although some patients probably became infected outside, probably near termite hills.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6532330 TI - Some aspects of the epidemiology of cutaneous leishmaniasis in the Al-Kharaj area of Saudi Arabia. AB - Four hundred and thirteen patients with skin ulcers were clinically diagnosed as suffering from cutaneous leishmaniasis; 82 (approximately 20%) of these cases were confirmed microscopically. Ulceration occurred mainly on the exposed parts of the body. Of the total cases 69% were Egyptian labourers, 14% Saudis and the remaining 17% Syrian, Pakistani, Yemeni or Filippino. Most of the Saudi patients were children aged up to ten years. Two Rattus rattus collected during the study had skin ulcerations on the face, indicating possible infection with leishmaniasis. Poor living conditions on the farms seem partly responsible for the high rate of incidence of cutaneous leishmaniasis among the labourers. PMID- 6532331 TI - The effect of congenital Toxoplasma infection on mouse activity and relative preference for exposed areas over a series of trials. AB - Previous studies showed that mice with congenital Toxoplasma infections tend to be much more active and tend to show a smaller relative preference for more exposed and novel areas than do uninfected controls. However, in those studies, mice were exposed to behavioural testing procedures once only. Results described here show that these differences (and differences defaecation) are more than just transitory phenomena observed on a first exposure to a novel area. The differences between infected and uninfected mice were clear during each of five separate trials; moreover, they tended to increase from the first to the fifth trial. The possible implications of these findings for the continuation of the life-cycle of the parasite in the environment are considered. PMID- 6532332 TI - Onchocerca armillata: prevalence and pathology in Sudanese cattle. AB - Cattle of various ages from Khartoum Province and western Sudan were surveyed for Onchocerca armillata infection by skin snip examination and some also at post mortem examination. The former method reliably detected infection in cattle aged between nine months and eight years. Several of the older infected animals had no microfilariae in their skin. Prevalence rate and number of microfilariae per gram of skin were higher in male than in female cattle and in animals from western Sudan than those from Khartoum province. Severe pathological changes were seen in the thoracic aorta, brachiocephalic, costocervical and brachial arteries and posteriorly in the abdominal aorta to its bifurcation into the iliac arteries. PMID- 6532333 TI - The prevalence of Toxocara eggs in the sand in children's playgrounds in Frankfurt/M. AB - During an investigation of 31 sandpits in children's playgrounds in and around Frankfurt/M Toxocara eggs were detected in 27. The prevalence in areas with few or no parks (averaged 14.8 eggs 100 g-1 sand) was much higher than in districts where there was more room for the dogs to run about (5.3 eggs 100 g-1 sand). Larval development was complete in 40% of isolated Toxocara eggs after four weeks. The importance of these findings in connection with the risk, to children playing, of a possible infection (larva migrans visceralis) and preventive measures are discussed. PMID- 6532335 TI - Localization of brain damage in mice following Toxoplasma infection. PMID- 6532334 TI - Infection and re-infection rates of opisthorchiasis in the water resource development area of Nam Pong project, Khon Kaen Province, northeast Thailand. AB - A one-year investigation on re-infection rates of opisthorchiasis was carried out in three villages in the Nam Pong Water Resource Development Project, Thailand. In the two villages where selective population chemotherapy was combined with improvements in sanitation and health education aimed at changing food habits, the mean monthly re-infection rate was 2.0% and the annual cumulative rate was 21.5%. In the third village, where only selective population chemotherapy was carried out, the monthly re-infection rate was 5.0% and the annual cumulative rate was 55.5%. Studies on new infections in initially negative individuals were also carried out in the three villages, with inconclusive results. PMID- 6532336 TI - Laboratory observations of the actions of Glinus lotoides (Fam. Aizoacea) fruit on snail hosts of Fasciola and Schistosoma in Kenya. PMID- 6532337 TI - Snake bite: frequency of adult admissions to a general hospital in north-east Nigeria. PMID- 6532338 TI - Fractures of the hip in the elderly: therapeutic and medico-social considerations. AB - The factors influencing mortality and morbidity were analysed in a series of 224 elderly patients with hip fractures. It was found that mortality was influenced by the high age, the number of medical antecedents and the number of general complications occurring following surgery. Mortality rate was high in mentally deteriorated patients with a gain in autonomy in only 25% of the cases. On the contrary, mortality was less, and there were few modifications of the mental status in patients who were mentally normal upon admission. The recovery of total or partial autonomy in this group was 69.9%, justifying therefore the surgical intervention. PMID- 6532339 TI - Urate and ascorbate: their possible roles as antioxidants in determining longevity of mammalian species. AB - Urate has been shown to be a major antioxidant in human serum and was postulated to have a biological role in protecting tissues against the toxic effects of oxygen radicals and in determining the longevity of primates. This possibility has been tested by determining if the maximum lifespan potentials of 22 primate and 17 non-primate mammalian species are positively correlated with the concentration of urate in serum and brain per specific metabolic rate. This analysis is based on the concept that the degree of protection a tissue has against oxygen radicals is proportional to antioxidant concentration per rate of oxygen metabolism of that tissue. Ascorbate, another potentially important antioxidant in determining longevity of mammalian species, was also investigated using this method. The results show a highly significant positive correlation of maximum lifespan potential with the concentration of urate in serum and brain per specific metabolic rate. No significant correlation was found for ascorbate. These results support the hypothesis that urate is biologically active as an antioxidant and is involved in determining the longevity of primate species, particularly for humans and the great apes. Ascorbate appears to have played little or no role as a longevity determinant in mammalian species. PMID- 6532340 TI - [Protein digestibility and energy in diets based on rice and beans in human adults]. AB - Four studies were carried out for the purpose of measuring the digestibility of diets based on rice and beans (Phaseolus vulgaris), and in order to quantify the effect of their supplementation with animal protein (milk) and energy (oil), on the energy and protein digestibility of such diets in human adults. Diets were offered so that they supplied 46, 72, and 103 mg N/kg/day. When the basal diet- where rice provided 60% of the protein and beans 40%--was administered at a level of 102.5 mg of nitrogen/kg/day and 49.5 Kcal/kg/day of gross energy, an apparent and true nitrogen, energy and metabolizable energy digestibility of 59.1, 70.8, 93.8 and 92.5%, respectively, were observed. When substituting 10% of the vegetable protein by milk protein in the same diet, the same indicators revealed a digestibility of 65.3, 76.8, 93.5 and 92.1%, respectively. The information indicates that supplementation with animal protein improves nitrogen absorption at any of the energy levels studied. In contrast, caloric supplementation does not have any positive effect on nitrogen or energy absorption. It was also found that nitrogen apparent digestibility increases significantly when the N level in the diet is raised, and stabilizes when intake exceeds 100 mg nitrogen/kg/day. It is therefore proposed that for digestibility studies in diets where animal protein is utilized at a nitrogen level of around 120 mg/kg/day, true digestibility remains constant, no matter what nitrogen level is used in the diet. PMID- 6532341 TI - [Elaboration, by linear programming, of new products from cereals and legumes]. AB - The differing contents of essential amino acids in cereals and legumes bring about an overall increase in protein quality when these foods are consumed together. This study describes a least cost formulation method for preparing products based on cereals and legumes using linear programming. The mixture was formulated under different constraints; from a nutritional standpoint, a given amino acid pattern, and another one on a technological feasibility constraint, which depends on the type of product to be elaborated. From the formulation based on wheat, chick-pea, sorghum, and soybean flours, three products were developed: bread, tortillas and cookies; from these, bread was selected for further evaluation. The product was chemically evaluated by proximate analysis composition, and amino acids were determined by HPLC. Biological evaluation was performed by the PER and RPV methods, obtaining a PER of 1.69 for the developed bread product, and of 0.68 for the control bread. The RPV for the developed product was 64.31% of lactoalbumin and 23% for the control bread, which represents an increase of 41%. The sensory evaluation results did not indicate significant differences in taste, texture, color or overall acceptability of the developed bread product as compared to the control. PMID- 6532342 TI - [Evaluation of the protein quality of meat flour from the tollo shark (Squalus acanthias)]. AB - The protein quality of tollo flour evaluated by various biological methods, including digestibility, is reported. The product contained 91.52% crude protein and 69.86% true protein, the difference being non-protein nitrogen, mainly urea. Due to this reason the biological evaluations were carried out with different shark flour concentrations and evaluated at different lengths of time with each method. Diets containing 0, 3, 6, 9 and 12% shark flour were prepared and evaluated by the PER, NPR, and NGI methods. Casein was used as reference protein. The protein digestibility was 91.2%, not corrected for non-protein nitrogen. On this same basis, PER and NPR--at a protein level of 9.97% in the diet--were 2.58 and 2.05, respectively. The casein control diet gave a PER of 2.93 and an NPR of 4.52. NGI was calculated by using the non-protein diet, or without it, with values of 3.32 and 2.95, respectively. As expected, all values corrected for non protein nitrogen were higher for protein digestibility. The differences were significant at the 5% level. Apparently, urea influenced negatively the biological evaluations. It can be concluded, therefore, that the tollo shark meat is of excellent quality. PMID- 6532343 TI - [Feasibility of the use of different binding agents for the development of products based on deboned fish flesh]. AB - Blocks of deboned fish flesh capable of developing binding, stable and adequate properties were prepared. Procedures with fish flesh and binding agents were investigated, with emphasis on the rheologic and hydration properties. Starches and precooked maize and cassava flours were used as binding agents. Flours presented a high binding capacity, even at low concentrations (10%-15%); however, at higher concentrations this property tended to be counterbalanced by the water absorption capacity. On the other hand, it was observed that application of thermal gelatinizing treatments was required when crude starch was used. As far as color is concerned, the observed changes depended both on the type of binder used and on its concentration. Findings revealed that the flesh-binding texture procedure depends on the viscosity developed by the starchy product. PMID- 6532344 TI - [Relation between the digestibility and protein value of the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris)]. AB - The main nutritional limitations of common beans are the low digestibility of their protein and the deficiency of the latter in sulfur amino acids. Analysis of the information presented indicates that with 57 samples of different color (23 red, 21 black, 10 white and 3 brown), no relationship was found between protein digestibility and its quality as measured by NPR. Nevertheless, white beans have a higher protein digestibility than black, red and brown. The greater digestibility of white beans, however, does not increase the protein quality when mixed with cereal grains above that observed with black and red, probably because the protein that gives the higher digestibility is highly deficient in its sulfur amino acids content. These aspects require further research for programs aimed at increasing the nutritive value of food grain legumes. PMID- 6532345 TI - [Zinc and copper levels in Chilean infants]. AB - Zinc and copper levels were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry, in the hair and plasma of 81 Chilean infants of both sexes, comprised within an age range of two to 36 months, after routine clinical examination at a Peripheral Health Service. The children were eutrophic, free from chronic pathologies, and their birth weights were over 2,500 grams. The infants were distributed within seven age groups and the mineral levels found were correlated mainly with age and sex. PMID- 6532346 TI - [Effect of animal protein supplementation and energy on the protein quality of diets based on rice and beans in adult males]. AB - Four short nitrogen balance index studies were carried out in adult subjects to evaluate the biological quality of a mixture based on rice and beans, and also to measure the effect of animal protein and/or energy supplementation on the nutritive value of the mixture. In the first study, rice supplied 60% and beans, 40% of the protein's diet, which was administered at an energy level of 45.5 kcal/kg/day of metabolizable energy. A regression coefficient of 0.76 +/- 0.11 was found between ingested nitrogen and nitrogen balance, and a value for nitrogen maintenance of 96.2 +/- 13.7 mg/kg/day. When this same diet was administered in the second study at a 51.2 kcal/kg/day of metabolizable energy, the regression coefficient was 0.80 +/- 0.13, and that of nitrogen for maintenance, 90.1 +/- 8.7 mg/kg/day, without differences being significant (P less than 0.05) for any of the two measures. In the third study, 10% of the mixture's protein was substituted by milk protein, and given at a level of 45.2 kcal/kg/day of metabolizable energy. In this case, the regression coefficient found was 0.96 +/- 0.08, and that of nitrogen for maintenance, 78.6 +/- 10.2 mg/kg/day. These values do differ significantly (P less than 0.05) from those found in the two previous studies. When the diet of the third study was administered to the same subjects at a level of 48.9 kcal/kg/day of metabolizable energy, the regression coefficient of the equation was 0.86 +/- 0.17, and that for maintenance nitrogen, 82.4 +/- 10.2 mg/kg/day. These values are statistically equal to those found in the third study and do differ significantly from those of the first two studies. Information indicates that the supplementary effect of protein and milk occurs mainly at the digestive level. It is therefore concluded that when rice and beans are consumed jointly, in the adequate proportions, they constitute an excellent-quality food for adult humans. PMID- 6532347 TI - Body iron reserves of rural and urban Guatemalan women of reproductive age. AB - Body iron reserves (using serum ferritin as an index), hematological status, and other indicators of iron nutrition were evaluated in three groups of non-pregnant nulliparous women with ages comprised between 14 and 29 years (mean = 19 years). The first group (n = 33) included residents of the rural coastal area (less than 750 m above sea level) (group RCG); the second (n = 32) from the rural highlands (751-1,500 m) (group RHG); and the third group (n = 104) from urban Guatemala City (1,500 m) (group UG). The women in the UG group belonged to the middle or high socioeconomic stratum. Median values in serum ferritin levels (ng/ml) for each group were: RCG = 11.5 (undetectable 50.6); RHG = 17.2 (1.9-83.1) and UG = 20.2 (3.9-56.7). The difference between RCG and UG was statistically significant (P less than 0.05). The percentage of women with serum ferritin levels less than or equal to 9 ng/ml (iron deficiency) was 45 in the RCG, 25 in the RHG and 12 in the UG group. In addition, the prevalence of subnormal hemoglobin levels (below mean - 1 SD) was 46% in the RCG, 12% in the RHG and 8% in the UG. There were no cases of subnormal blood folate levels. As results indicate, the women studied had low iron reserves, the rural coastal group being the most affected. They also evidenced the high prevalence of iron deficiency in the region and the need for public health actions to overcome this nutrition problem. PMID- 6532348 TI - [Use of food treated with gamma radiation in the feeding of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdnerii irideus)]. AB - A rainbow trout diet, partially prepared with agroindustrial by-products, including laying hen's dung, was treated with gamma radiation (25 KGy). The objective was to reduce the microbiological contamination and test its effect on weight gain, feed efficiency and mortality of trouts. For this purpose, two groups of trouts were compared: one received irradiated food, and the other the same diet, but without treatment. The experience was carried out through a period of 32 weeks, during the free growth stage (from 2 to 20g). Microbiological contamination decreased from high values (greater than 6 X 10(6) germs/g of food) to acceptable levels (less than or equal to 3 X 10 germs/g of food), but the parameters measured in trouts, did not show any difference among both groups. PMID- 6532349 TI - Microcycle sporulation of Streptomyces viridochromogenes. AB - A procedure for submerged culture sporulation of Streptomyces viridochromogenes and S. coelicolor is described. Activated spores were germinated in a complex medium and then shifted to a defined medium containing mineral salts and 2.5 mM L arginine as carbon and nitrogen source. Sporulation occurred synchronously between 18-24 h incubation. An average of 10 spores were obtained from each original spore in S. viridochromogenes. The microcycle formed spores were nearly identical to surface grown spores with respect to surface morphology, dormancy, germinability and resistance to heat, lysozyme and sonication. The microcycle formed spores differed from surface spores in containing significantly less trehalose, 1.3% compared to 9.7% of the dry weight. PMID- 6532350 TI - [Roundish opacity in the left pulmonary medial lobe]. PMID- 6532351 TI - [Epidemiologic approach to chronic and recurrent respiratory diseases in adolescents]. PMID- 6532353 TI - Pulmonary function studies in sarcoidosis. PMID- 6532352 TI - [Amiodarone in subjects with pneumopathies]. PMID- 6532354 TI - The importance of dermatophagoides in Capri. PMID- 6532356 TI - [Antibody deficiency without decrease in the level of serum immunoglobulins]. AB - The paper reports the case of a 14 year-old boy, born at full term with intra uterine growth retardation (1,640 g) who presented with short stature, generalized eczema and recurrent infections. During the first years of life, hypogammaglobulinemia with antibody deficiency occurred. The in vitro T lymphocyte function was normal. The infections have become less severe. The plasma levels of IgA, IgG, IgM and IgE are normal. There is hyperimmunoglobulinemia D. The deficiency of antibodies against most of the tested antigens persists. T and B lymphocyte counts are normal. The in vitro lymphocyte proliferation with Concanavalin A, Phytohemagglutinin, Pokeweed mitogen and Nocardia is normal. The OKT4+ and OKT8+ cell counts are normal. The ratio "helper T cell/suppressive T cell activity" appears to be abnormal. A very prolonged maturation delay, possibly associated with fetal hypotrophy may be hypothesized. PMID- 6532355 TI - [Autoimmune hemolytic anemia in children. Apropos of 14 cases]. AB - Autoimmune hemolytic anemia is a rare disorder in childhood. The therapeutical difficulties encountered are described in a series of 14 patients aged 6 weeks to 10 years, 8 of them being under the age of 1 year at time of diagnosis. A remission was observed spontaneously in 1 patient and was obtained with steroids in 8 others. One patient died from acute irreversible hemolysis. Four patients were splenectomized because of an immediate or delayed resistance to steroids. After splenectomy, two patients died from infection, one was cured and the last patient is still in remission after one year. Steroid therapy is the primary treatment of autoimmune hemolytic anemia. The initial dose of 2 mg/kg/day has to be maintained until the remission (normal hemoglobin level and reticulocyte count) is achieved, then progressively decreased leading to alternate day therapy for several months. Resistance to steroid requires splenectomy, although it is an hazardous treatment in young children. The indication for immunosuppressive agents in childhood is difficult to define. It can be proposed in patients with steroid dependency in order to reduce the dose of steroid and/or to avoid long term steroid therapy. PMID- 6532357 TI - [Non-progressive congenital cerebellar ataxia]. AB - The authors studied the main clinical and genetic aspects of congenital cerebellar ataxia in children, from the data obtained in 121 cases. The case reports were divided into 2 groups, according to the severity of the static ataxia. In the absence of absolute criteria allowing the recognition of the various forms of congenital cerebellar ataxia, they give the following genetic counsel: in cases with congenital cerebellar ataxia of unknown origin, the risk or recurrence is higher in cases with severe static ataxia (near 25%) but not negligible in the other types of ataxia, especially in cases associated with severe mental retardation (risk between 5 and 10%). PMID- 6532358 TI - [Thoracic actinobacteriosis due to Actinomyces naeslundii]. AB - The authors report the first case of thoracic actinomycosis due to Actinomyces Naeslundii. A precostal abscess with a large mediastinal and thoracic collection on CT scan was the presenting symptom. Evolution was favorable without sequelae after 6 weeks of Penicillin therapy (10.000.000 U/day). PMID- 6532359 TI - [Intestinal occlusion and enterocolitis caused by Gelopectose]. AB - A case of intestinal obstruction and enterocolitis, probably as a consequence of inappropriate use of thickened feedings, is reported. Products which thicken feedings take an important part in the treatment of gastro-oesophageal reflux in infants. In order to thicken feedings, pectin and silicium have been added to milk. However, they may lead to an obstructive medication bezoar. Thus, it is necessary to limit their use to 3-5% of feeding and to clearly explain their potential hazards to the family. PMID- 6532360 TI - [Antenatal cerebral hemorrhage and fetomaternal platelet incompatibility]. AB - A case of neonatal porencephalia is reported. It was due to antenatal hemorrhage associated with severe thrombocytopenia. Hematologic investigations showed a feto maternal platelet incompatibility in the PLA1 system. PMID- 6532361 TI - [Dietary intake, circulating levels and excretion of carnitine as a function of age in normal children]. AB - Carnitine metabolism was investigated in 52 normal children aged 1 day to 15 years. Plasma carnitine concentration averaged 83,8 +/- 6,2 (SE) microM, with no age related variation, while both alimentary intake and excretion increased linearly with growth. Carnitine clearance reaches mature levels soon after birth (0.058 +/- 0.007 ml/kg/min). Carnitine intake is significantly higher than excretion only in the first 5 years of life, a fact which suggests a primary role for diet in the supply of carnitine during this period. PMID- 6532362 TI - [Pruritus induced by chloroquine during the treatment of malaria]. PMID- 6532363 TI - [Cerebral infarction and temporal arterial catheter]. PMID- 6532364 TI - [Cardiac failure complicating laryngomalacia in a newborn infant]. PMID- 6532365 TI - [Convulsion and cimetidine]. PMID- 6532366 TI - Histogenesis of the mouse gastric mucosa, with special reference to type and distribution of proliferative cells. AB - Histogenesis of the mouse gastric mucosa and the distribution of epithelial cells capable of proliferation were studied by light microscopy, autoradiography with 3H-thymidine and electron microscopy. The formation of the gland begins on day 14 of gestation, while morphological signs of epithelial cell differentiation begin on day 15. The cell types include surface mucous, primitive chief and parietal cells during the late prenatal and first 2 weeks of postnatal development. Immature surface mucous cells and undifferentiated cells in the lower part of the foveola and the isthmus, and primitive chief cells throughout the gland become 3H thymidine labeled. In addition, surface mucous cells in the superficial epithelium are labeled in fetuses and neonates several hours after birth. By 21 days after birth, primitive chief cells are replaced by chief and mucous neck cells. At that time, immature surface mucous and undifferentiated cells in the isthmus, and mucous neck cells in the upper part of the neck are radio-labeled and form the generative cell zone. The mucosa attains its full thickness by 6 weeks of age. Immature parietal cells rarely incorporate 3H-thymidine during their development. It is suggested that some of the parietal cells may be derived from actively proliferating precursors, i.e., primitive chief cells and mucous neck cells in developing and adult animals, respectively. PMID- 6532367 TI - A freeze-fracture study on the basolateral plasma membrane of the gastric parietal cells in fasting and refed rats. AB - The basolateral plasma membrane of the gastric parietal cells in rats after food deprivation and food-restitution was studied by thin-section and freeze-fracture electron microscopy. A decrease in the number of tubulovesicles and dilatation of the canalicular lumen were generally observed in the parietal cells of the refed rats. Basal folds, demonstrated both in fasting and food-resupplied rat groups parietal cells by thin-section electron microscopy, appears as branched furrows on the P face and branched wrinkles on the E face plasma membrane by the freeze fracture replica method. Parietal cells providing numerous basal folds appeared to be more numerous in refed rat gastric gland. The basal folds may represent, at least to some extent, a reservoir of a surplus plasma membrane and play an important role in secreting substances into and also absorbing substances from the blood capillary via the underlying connective tissue. PMID- 6532368 TI - Formation of lymph follicles and germinal centers in draining lymph nodes after local injection of phytohemagglutinin and lipopolysaccharide in mice. AB - Changes in the number of lymph follicles and germinal centers in draining popliteal lymph nodes were investigated in 8-week-old mice injected with either phytohemagglutinin (PHA) or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) into the footpad of the left hind leg. The dose of PHA injected ranged from 10 micrograms to 1 mg, and that of LPS, from 2 to 200 micrograms. In unstimulated animals, the popliteal lymph nodes contained only a small number of germinal centers, and many of the lymph follicles in the nodes were in the form of primary follicles. In the draining lymph nodes, regardless of the dose injected, PHA induced germinal center development in existing primary follicles, but eventually failed to stimulate the formation of new lymph follicles and germinal centers. On the other hand, LPS not only induced germinal centers in the existing follicles, but also stimulated the formation of new primary follicles, many of which then developed germinal centers. The occurrence of new follicles in the LPS-treated lymph nodes was dose dependent, and LPS appeared to cause de novo formation of follicles. PMID- 6532369 TI - The localization of laminin and fibronectin on the Schwann cell basal lamina. AB - The localization of laminin and fibronectin was examined on the basal laminae of Schwann cells. Basal laminae from sciatic nerves were isolated by sonication, and the localization of laminin and fibronectin on such isolated basal laminae was studied by immunoferritin histochemistry. Laminin was localized mainly on the cellular side (i.e. the side originally facing the Schwann cell plasma membrane) of the basal laminae. On the other hand, fibronectin was found to be present as aggregates only on the interstitial side (i.e., the side originally facing the endoneurial connective tissue) of the basal laminae. Thus, the locations of laminin and fibronectin were distinctly different. It is presumed that laminin might be involved in the attachment of axons and Schwann cells to the basal laminae, while fibronectin mediates the adhesion of the basal laminae to connective tissue elements, including the collagen fibrils. These findings are discussed from a standpoint of nerve regeneration through the basal laminae scaffolds of Schwann cells. PMID- 6532371 TI - Changes in permeability of rabbit articular cartilage caused by joint contracture as revealed by the peroxidase method. AB - Changes in permeability of adult rabbit articular cartilage caused by joint contracture were studied by light and transmission electron microscopy, employing horseradish peroxidase (HRP) as an indicator. The knee joint was plaster immobilized for 0, 2, 4, 6, or 8 weeks in the flexion position. One ml of 4% HRP was administered in the articular cavity of the knee joint and allowed to diffuse and permeate into the articular cartilage. Distribution of the permeated HRP was visualized in the cartilage taken from the lateral condyle of the femur, utilizing the DAB-H2O2 reaction. In the normal and the non-immobilized joints, the permeated HRP reached to the matrix and chondrocytes situated in the deep layer of the articular cartilage. HRP was heavily deposited in the intercellular matrices, particularly around the chondrocytes, and was actively endocytosed by these cells. In the plaster-immobilized joints, especially after 4 weeks or longer of immobilization, the administered HRP had not permeated well and was restricted to the surface (lamina splendens) and the superficial layer of the cartilage. These results show that administered HRP diffuses into the deep layer of the articular cartilage and is actively endocytosed by chondrocytes and that the permeability of articular cartilage is remarkably reduced by joint contracture. PMID- 6532370 TI - Scanning electron microscope studies on the Schwann cells in rat motor endplates with special reference to their finger-like projections. AB - Three-dimensional structures of the Schwann cell in the rat motor endplate were observed by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. A few Schwann cells lodged over the surface of the motor endplates and their nuclear portion swelled roundly. From the Schwann cell body, a few processes extended downwards, divided several times and covered only the upper orifice of the synaptic groove; they did not cover the surface of the protuberances or the ridges of the sarcolemma which separated the synaptic grooves. The lateral sides and ends of the Schwann cell processes were frilled with finger-like projections. They fixed on the surface of the basal lamina of the sarcolemma and sealed the nerve terminals in the synaptic grooves. PMID- 6532372 TI - Studies of the substructures of the lysozyme-rich secretory granule of the serous cell in the human nasal gland. AB - Using a protein A-gold immunohistochemical technique, the lysozyme rich core and the lysozyme free peripheral rim were differentiated in the secretory granule of the serous cell in the human nasal mucosa, under the electronmicroscope. The shperical lysozyme rich core, which had been excreted into the gland lumen, was also wrapped with the peripheral rim. This finding suggests that the peripheral rim defends the integrity of the core and inhibits the release of lysozyme from the core. PMID- 6532373 TI - The content of carbon monoxide in the tissues of rats intoxicated with carbon monoxide in various conditions of acute exposure. AB - Tissue carbon monoxide (CO) content was investigated in rats severely intoxicated with CO under various exposure conditions: 1% CO for 4 min, 0.4% CO for 40 min and 0.12% CO for 12 h. Extravascular CO was determined in the heart and skeletal muscles immediately after termination of exposure, and carboxymyoglobin (MbCO) percent saturation was calculated. Total brain CO was estimated immediately after termination of exposure and after the time periods of restitution. After the same exposure conditions, MbCO percent saturation was higher in the heart than in skeletal muscle. In both types of muscle, saturation of myoglobin (Mb) with CO depended on blood carboxyhemoglobin (HbCO) level and not on the duration of exposure. The time course of CO elimination was the same for blood and brain, irrespective of CO exposure conditions. The results obtained showed that acute CO intoxication induced by long duration exposures did not involve CO accumulation in the tissues. PMID- 6532374 TI - The toxicity and neuropathology of 2,4,5-tribromoimidazole and its derivatives in rats. AB - 2,4,5-tribromoimidazole and its 1-n-butylcarboxylate and 1-dimethylcarbamoyl derivatives, when administered to rats, induced poisoning typical of uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation. At 48 h rats surviving a single toxic dose of 20-60 mg/kg developed permanent incoordination of the hindlimbs in the absence of brain oedema. Neuropathologic examination of brain and spinal cord from perfused fixed rats at 24 h revealed neuronal necrosis and chromatolysis in the vestibular nucleus, the outer parietal neocortex and red nucleus. Chromatolysis and necrosis in these areas had increased at 72-96 h and were also observed in the deeper layers of the neocortex, the medial entorhinal cortex, the reticular formation, the grey matter of the spinal cord extending into the ventral horns, the dorsal, and ventral cochlear nuclei and the deep cerebellar nuclei, in decreasing order of severity. Neuronal necrosis was accompanied by an increased glial response, including neuronophagia and at 16 days with astroglial hypertrophy and hyperplasia. PMID- 6532375 TI - Morphometric and biochemical analysis of adrenal medullary hyperplasia induced by nicotine in rats. AB - The administration of nicotine (1 and 4 mg/kg/day, subcutaneously for up to 6 weeks) to male Sprague-Dawley rats first induced a time-and dose-dependent increase in catecholamine (CA) synthesis. This was followed by an increase in endogenous CA levels and in total volume and number of chromaffin cells, as measured by stereological methods on serially sectioned adrenal glands. Thus, continued stimulation of the sympathoadrenal system generated an increase in biosynthetic enzyme activity, and subsequently adrenal medullary hypertrophy and hyperplasia developed as an adaptive reaction. The proposed model is useful for quantifying both biochemically and morphometrically early adrenal changes long before irreversible pathologic alterations are manifested. PMID- 6532376 TI - Ro 15-1570, a new sulfur-containing retinoid devoid of bone toxicity in rats. AB - Repeated ingestion of high doses of retinoids cause the so-called hypervitaminosis A syndrome. In rats the main symptoms are weight loss, alopecia, erythema, desquamation of the skin, and alterations of the skeletal system, including bone fractures. In the present study, three retinoids (Ro 15-1570, arotinoid ethylsulfone, 6 mg/kg; retinoic acid, 100 mg/kg and etretinate, 50 mg/kg) were administered orally to rats for 1 and 2 weeks, respectively, to six male and six female rats/group. All the above changes were induced by all three retinoids, with the exception that the arotinoid ethylsulfone Ro 15-1570 did not cause bone alterations. The absence of toxic effects on the bones by Ro 15-1570 was confirmed by X-ray-film examinations, densitometry of the X-rayed femora and tibiae, examination of the thickness of the femoral and tibial compacta in histological slides plus the determination of the femoral ash weight and its main inorganic constituents (calcium, magnesium, sodium, and potassium). The present demonstration that the arotinoid ethylsulfone Ro 15-1570 was devoid of bone toxicity constitutes major progress in the pharmacologic development of retinoids with a better balance between therapeutic and adverse effects. PMID- 6532377 TI - Effect of ambient temperature on the hypometabolic and hypothermic effects of sulfolane in rats. AB - Sulfolane toxicity may be partially due to its effects on body temperature. To examine the effects of sulfolane on thermoregulation, we measured metabolic rate (oxygen uptake) and body temperature in rats injected intraperitoneally with sulfolane at dosages of 0, 200, 400, and 800 mg/kg. At ambient temperatures (Ta) of 15 and 25 degrees C sulfolane caused a dose-related inhibition of metabolic rate accompanied by hypothermia 60 min post-injection. At a Ta of 35 degrees C, sulfolane had no effect on body temperature or metabolic rate. The hypometabolic and hypothermic effect of sulfolane at a Ta of 25 degrees C at least 2.5 h. Sulfolane had near identical effects on body temperature at TaS of 15 and 25 degrees C, hence, the sulfolane-treated rat had some control over body temperature at a relatively low Ta. PMID- 6532378 TI - Effect of dietary chronic cadmium exposure on cell-mediated immune response in rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta): role of calcium deficiency. AB - The role of Ca deficiency on the immunomodulatory effects of chronic Cd exposure for a period of 10 weeks in male Rhesus monkeys were assessed by the blastogenic capacity of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) in response to T-cell mitogens, phytohemagglutinin (PHA), and concanavalin A (Con A). Calcium deficiency significantly decreased the blastogenic response to PHA (P less than 0.01) and Con A (P less than 0.05). Although Cd exposure in normal monkeys significantly increased the blastogenic response to Con A (P less than 0.05), Cd exposure in Ca deficient monkeys produced a further significant decrease in the blastogenic response to Con A (P less than 0.001). Total and ionic Ca were also significantly decreased in plasma of Ca deficient monkeys exposed to Cd. It is possible that these two observations may be related to each other. Thus, it is important to assess the nutritional status of the host while evaluating the immunotoxicological effects of an environmental pollutant. PMID- 6532379 TI - Delayed neurotoxicity produced by an organophosphorus compound (Sumithion). A case report. AB - A case of late-onset manifestation of organophosphorous insecticide poisoning is described. The patient was a 70-year-old female who ingested 40 ml Sumithion emulsion (50% fenitrothion). At first, no toxic symptoms were apparent. However, 48 h after ingestion certain signs became apparent. An impediment in consciousness was observed. Fasciculation and muscular weakness were noted, while plasma and urinary 4-nitro-3-methylphenol (NMC), the degradation product of Sumithion, reached a maximum. Neither atropine sulfate nor PAM (pyridine 2 aldoxime methiodine) were effective. For 3 weeks the patient required ventilatory support, and consequently her muscle strength and neurological status gradually recovered with falling NMC levels. PMID- 6532380 TI - Formation of dichloroacetylene from trichloroethylene in the presence of alkaline material--possible cause of intoxication after abundant use of chloroethylene containing solvents. AB - Inhabitants of a private home suffered from symptoms possibly due to dichloroacetylene intoxication. Subsequent anamnesis revealed that abundant amounts of trichloroethylene had been used to remove a wax coating from a concrete-lined stone floor. This prompted us to examine whether dichloroacetylene could have been formed. Incubation of two commercial samples of trichloroethylene with aqueous alkaline solutions between pH 11 and 13, with mortar and tile filling material resulted in the formation of dichloroacetylene. This finding suggests formation of dichloroacetylene, when trichloroethylene comes into contact with moderately alkaline material, such as moist concrete. PMID- 6532382 TI - In vivo metabolism of dimethylformamide and relationship to toxicity in the male rat. AB - After in vivo administration of dimethylformamide (DMF) to male rats, about 50% of the dose is excreted in urine as N-hydroxymethyl-N-methylformamide (DMF-OH) and about 4% as N-methylformamide (NMF). NMF is not a product of DMF-OH biotransformation but is directly formed from DMF. Comparison of the acute toxicity of DMF, DMF-OH and NMF shows that NMF is more toxic than DMF-OH, which is itself more toxic than DMF. This study explains the different toxicity profile of DMF and NMF which until recently was believed to represent the main metabolite of DMF. PMID- 6532381 TI - Effect of ethanol on carbon tetrachloride levels and hepatotoxicity after acute carbon tetrachloride poisoning. AB - To study the effect of an acute dose of ethanol on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) concentration and hepatotoxicity, female rats received ethanol (2.5 ml/kg body wt.) either intragastrically or intraperitoneally following intragastric administration of CCl4 (1.5 ml/kg body wt.). Three hours after acute CCl4 intoxication there was a striking increase in CCl4 concentration in animals treated simultaneously with ethanol intragastrically compared to those receiving ethanol intraperitoneally. This increase was significant (P less than 0.05) and amounted to 211% for blood, 236% for liver and 405% for fat tissue, whereas animals treated with CCl4 alone showed CCl4 concentrations in the range between the two other experimental groups. Serum activities of glutamate oxalacetate transaminase, glutamate pyruvate transaminase and glutamate dehydrogenase were found to be considerably higher in animals treated with the combination of CCl4 and ethanol when compared to those receiving CCl4 alone, showing that ethanol given intraperitoneally or intragastrically enhances CCl4 hepatotoxicity. Since the intraperitoneal administration of ethanol led to a reduction rather than an increase in CCl4 concentration in the early phase of intoxication, additional mechanisms independent of actual levels of CCl4, such as direct effects of ethanol on the CCl4 metabolizing enzyme of the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum, have to be implicated in the pathogenesis of the potentiation of CCl4 hepatotoxicity by ethanol. PMID- 6532383 TI - Contrasting effects of ethylenethiourea on hepatic monooxygenases in rats and mice. AB - The effects of ethylenethiourea (ETU) on the hepatic xenobiotic metabolizing system in rats and mice were investigated. Male rats and male mice were given oral doses of 50 and 75, or 50, 75, 100, 500, and 1,000 mg/kg for 3 days. The microsomal enzymes studied were aminopyrine N-demethylase, aniline hydroxylase, and cytochrome P-450. In rats, the activity of aminopyrine N-demethylase was reduced to values between 60 and 70% of controls 24 h after treatment. A decrease in aniline hydroxylase activity and cytochrome P-450 content was observed on the 3rd day after exposure. In mice, treatment with ETU resulted in an increase of cytochrome P-450 at all dose levels. The activity of aniline hydroxylase was significantly elevated in the groups receiving doses of 100 mg/kg and higher. Aminopyrine N-demethylase was unaffected by the treatment. The results suggest that there are qualitative differences between rats and mice after ETU exposure with respect to the response of the hepatic mono-oxygenases. PMID- 6532385 TI - [Esophageal stimulation: its usefulness in the diagnosis and treatment of cardiac arrhythmias]. PMID- 6532384 TI - N-Hydroxy-N-arylacetamides. I. Toxicity of certain polycyclic and monocyclic N hydroxy-N-arylacetamides in rats. AB - Of the two carcinogenic N-hydroxy-N-arylacetamides tested, N-hydroxy-4 acetylaminobiphenyl was as active as the monocyclic analogs in the oxidation of hemoglobin, whereas N-hydroxy-2-acetylaminofluorene produced less ferrihemoglobin after IP injection into female and male rats. Monocyclic N-hydroxy-N arylacetamides, such as N-hydroxy-4-chloroacetanilide or N-hydroxyphenacetin, were more toxic than the parent N-arylacetamides, LD50 in mice being 190 mg/kg for N-hydroxy-4-chloroacetanilide vs 755 mg/kg for 4-chloroacetanilide, and 702 mg/kg for N-hydroxyphenacetin versus 1,220 mg/kg for phenacetin. The higher acute toxicities are probably due, at least in part, to the production of more ferrihemoglobin by the N-hydroxy-N-arylacetamides. Chronic toxicity of N-hydroxy 4-chloroacetanilide was tested on 10 male and 10 female Sprague Dawley rats after IP or SC injection of 20 mg (0.11 mmol)/kg twice weekly for 16 weeks into two groups of 10 animals each (five males, five females, total dose: 3.5 mmol/kg). The experiment, which was terminated after 2 years, did not yield any hint that N hydroxy-4-chloroacetanilide was carcinogenic in the rat. Subchronic toxicity of N hydroxyphenacetin was tested in two experiments on male and female Sprague Dawley rats after IP or SC injection of 50 or 100 mg (0.26 or 0.51 mmol)/kg. In the first experiment, two groups of 15 rats each (seven males, eight females) were injected either IP or SC with 50 and 100 mg/kg twice weekly for 29 weeks, and in the second experiment groups of 10 males and 10 females were injected SC with 100 mg/kg twice daily on 5 days a week for 12 weeks. The experiments, which were terminated after 29 weeks and 12 weeks treatment, respectively, did not provide evidence for chronic interstitial nephritis or tumor growth in the kidney. N Hydroxy-N-arylacetamides were found to be inferior to the corresponding arylhydroxylamines in their ferrihemoglobin-forming capabilities in female rats. Large differences in activity of the arylhydroxylamines and no close relation to the number of rings was observed, N-hydroxy-2-acetylaminofluorene being the least active and N-hydroxy-4-acetylaminobiphenyl being as active as the monocyclic compounds, and exceeding all in the duration of its activity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6532386 TI - [The myocardial bridge--its significance and importance]. PMID- 6532388 TI - [Cerebral ischemia following extracorporeal circulation]. PMID- 6532387 TI - [Effect of nifedipine in the isolated heart and vessels]. PMID- 6532389 TI - [Two-dimensional echocardiographic analysis of the atrioventricular node in congenital heart diseases]. PMID- 6532390 TI - [Chronic constrictive pericarditis. Importance of non-invasive complementary tests]. PMID- 6532391 TI - [Experimental study of the effect of laser rays on the chordae tendineae of the mitral valve]. PMID- 6532393 TI - Menstrual regulation by (15S)-15 methyl prostaglandin F2 alpha by intramuscular route. PMID- 6532392 TI - [High-dose intravenous methylprednisolone (pulsotherapy): a possible therapeutic solution for active rheumatic fever with severe carditis]. PMID- 6532394 TI - The use of pelvic peritoneum in the construction of a vagina: 10 cases. PMID- 6532396 TI - Changing trends in the clinical features of eclampsia. PMID- 6532395 TI - ABO blood groups and alkaline phosphatase isoenzymes in the 2nd trimester of pregnancy in Nigerian women. PMID- 6532397 TI - Serum total estrogen levels and urinary excretion of calcium and hydroxyproline in premenopausal and postmenopausal Chinese women. PMID- 6532398 TI - Simultaneous intra- and extra-uterine pregnancy and hormone milieu after early luteectomy: case report. PMID- 6532399 TI - Amenorrhoea traumatica following therapeutic abortion: an approach to management. PMID- 6532400 TI - Fertility potential in the human semen in dysfunction of the accessory genital glands. PMID- 6532401 TI - Effects of estradiol-17 beta and progesterone on cell proliferation and differentiation of the human endometrial carcinoma cell line (HHUA) in vitro. PMID- 6532402 TI - Family planning in Singapore. PMID- 6532403 TI - The measurement of the oxygen tension of lymph in conscious sheep. AB - A method is described for continuously measuring the PO2 of lymph in conscious sheep. An indwelling polarographic electrode inserted into a plastic cannula has been used to measure the PO2 in efferent popliteal lymph close to the point at which the lymph leaves the node. The mean PO2 of popliteal lymph in normal sheep was found to be 46.6 +/- 5.3 mm Hg, equivalent to 7.1 +/- 0.8% O2. Following antigenic challenge with killed Salmonella bacteria, the PO2 of the lymph changed significantly. These changes were related to the cellular response in the lymph and in the node. The PO2 values were maximum in the lymph 8 h after the injection of antigen during the 'shut-down' period and minimum at around 80 h when the blast cell response was at its height. These in vivo findings suggest that in vitro studies on sheep lymphocytes should be done with gas mixtures containing 7% O2. PMID- 6532404 TI - Physiological properties and plasmid content of Bacteroides spp. AB - A collection of 50 clinical isolates of Bacteroides was examined for plasmid deoxyribonucleic acid content. An attempt was then made to correlate the presence of plasmids with a specific phenotypic property. Of the 20 Bacteroides which contained plasmids, 18 were found to harbour plasmids of less than or equal to 9.8 megadaltons. The most common plasmid had a molecular weight of 4.8 megadaltons and was found in 9 strains. Most strains had multiple plasmid bands. All strains were examined for resistance to penicillin, cefoxitin, erythromycin, tetracycline, sulphamethoxazole, clindamycin, chloramphenicol, arsenate, silver, cadmium, mercury, chromium, lead, nickel and cobalt, and for the production of beta-lactamase, heparinase, deoxyribonuclease, haemolysins and bacteriocins. Using a Chi-squared analysis, there was no statistically significant correlation between any of these phenotypic traits and the presence of plasmids, except bacteriocin production. A total of 15 out of 20 (75%) of plasmid-containing strains produced bacteriocins while only 10 out of 30 (33%) of plasmid-free strains were capable of bacteriocin production (chi 2, p less than 0.005). Attempts to transfer or cure resistance to antibiotics and heavy metals or bacteriocin production were not successful. PMID- 6532405 TI - Induction and characterisation of local (simple) calcergy in granulation tissue in the rat by lead acetate injection into polyurethane sponges. AB - Granulation tissue was allowed to grow into polyurethane sponges implanted subcutaneously in rats for 14 days prior to injection of saline (control) or lead acetate (PbAc) into the sponge centres. The reaction was studied for 21 days post injection utilising sponge dry weight gain, histology and electron microscopy. Five hours after PbAc injection, calcification was demonstrable within the central tissue-free portion of the sponges. Calcification in granulation tissue was associated with collagen fibres and elicited a macrophage and multinucleated giant cell reaction. Mast cells were not found within sponges. Hydroxyapatite deposition was associated with an increase in sponge weight compared with controls. The injection of PbAc elicited calcification in granulation tissue in the same time scale reported for calcergy in mature connective tissue and the phenomenon of calcergy does not require the presence of collagen fibres or mast cells in its early stages. PMID- 6532407 TI - Changes in the cortical components of the visual evoked potential with age in man. AB - Pattern visual evoked potentials (PVEPs) were recorded from 177 normal subjects aged 11-87 years. The purpose was to determine age-dependent changes in the latency of the individual components of the waveform. The initial components of the PVEP, which are thought to reflect activity in the primary visual (striate) cortex, showed no change in latency from 11-50 years followed by an abrupt increase occurring during the sixth decade. It is probable that this delay in the PVEP is mediated largely by pathophysiological changes occurring either in the eye or visual pathways, or both. The secondary components of the PVEP, which are presumed to be generated in the visual association areas of the extrastriate cortex, showed a progressive although initially very limited increase in latency starting after adolescence. It is suggested that those delays occurring between 21 and 50 years in the secondary components are mediated largely by intracortical factors. The more pronounced delays occurring for the older age groups (over 50 years) appear to be caused by a combination of cortical, subcortical and ocular changes in visual function. The prolongation of the later components in the age group 11-20 years seems to reflect maturational changes almost entirely confined to intracortical processes. The results are discussed in terms of the many conflicting reports of the effects of age on the PVEP. PMID- 6532406 TI - Lectins from indigenous Australian wildflowers--detection of lectins from Bauhinia carronii, Hardenbergia comptoniana, Ptilotis obovatus and Rhadogia crassifolia. AB - Extracts from 21 indigenous Australian plant species, representing eight genera, were tested for haemagglutinating activity to human and animal erythrocytes. Extracts from Bauhinia carronii, Hardenbergia comptoniana, Ptilotis obovatus and Rhadogia crassifolia agglutinated at least one of the erythrocyte types tested. The extracts from B. carronii and R. crassifolia contained mitogens for human lymphocytes. Both the haemagglutinating and mitogenic activity of the B. carronii extract were inhibited by lactose. Both the haemagglutinating and mitogenic activity of R. crassifolia were inhibited by maltose and alpha-methyl-glucoside. The haemagglutinating activity of H. comptoniana was inhibited by raffinose and the haemagglutinating activity of P. obovatus by maltose and alpha methylglucoside. PMID- 6532408 TI - Isolation of Kimberley virus, a rhabdovirus, from Culicoides brevitarsis. PMID- 6532409 TI - Study of makeshift hospital during cholera outbreak. AB - This is a report on the study of utilization pattern of a makeshift hospital during a major cholera outbreak, by analyzing data on dehydration status, distance covered, number of deaths averted, and operation-wise comparison with other permanent facilities. To avoid unnecessary deaths due to dehydration and to ensure prompt and adequate care to suddenly accumulated debilitated patients, the makeshift hospital intervened. Subsequent to the intervention, a gradual reduction in patient admissions and cholera case accumulations was noted. Nearly half the cholera cases attending the makeshift hospital came from relatively far (13 + miles). The reporting of the majority (72%) of cholera patients with none to-mild dehydration indicates an increased awareness of the need for early treatment during a cholera outbreak. Early attendance of diarrhoeal patients probably saved more patients by preventing shock and complications. Para professionals given a short training accomplished similar efficacy as in a permanent facility. Nearer the affected areas, a simple but effective temporary facility is more effective than a sophisticated facility which is further away and takes several hours to reach, with risk to patients. PMID- 6532410 TI - Effects of age, parity and length of pregnancy on the morphology and histology of human placenta. AB - A great majority of death-in-utero in this country may be due to placental insufficiency. This problem may have some correlation between parity, maternal age and weight of placenta. The present work has been attempted towards determination of the morphological and histological aspect of human full-term placentae and their relation with different parity and age group of mothers. The weight, size and number of cotyledons of placentae were found to be directly proportional to the maternal age and parity. No definite change in histology was observed except for the increase in fibrinoid degenerations in the stem villi and calcium deposition on the septal region of the placentae. These changes may have some important bearing on the placental insufficiency in higher age group and parity of mother. PMID- 6532411 TI - Intermittent peritoneal dialysis--21/2 years experience in IPGMR. AB - Intermittent peritoneal dialysis (IPD) has been used extensively over the years for temporary management of end stage renal failure. There is no long-term report of IPD in the management of these patients. We, however, managed successfully patients with Chronic renal failure (CRF) with IPD for over 6 months to 2 1/2 years. One hundred and ninety-six patients with CRF were admitted in one of the Nephrology Unit of the Institute of Postgraduate Medicine Research over a period of 2 1/2 years; 61 of these patients were end stage renal failure and were managed successfully with IPD. The mean age of these patients was 35 (range 20-70 years; male 48; female 13). Forty-five of the patients were below 50 and 16 were above 51 years. Seventeen patients has been on dialysis for 6 months to 2 1/2 years, another 17 of 3-6 months and 27 has 1 to 3 months of dialysis. Control of urea, creatinine and electrolytes were good among the dialysed patient. Haemoglobin level and serum calcium, however, did not rise after dialysis. Blood pressure control, was easier among the dialysis patients and peritonitis was infrequent during dialysis. 23 of the patients died. Ten of these patients were on dialysis for more than 6 months. The causes of death were acute left ventricular failure, myocardial infarction congestive cardiac failure and carcinoma of cervix. PMID- 6532413 TI - Sister chromatid exchanges. 25 years of experimental research. Part A: The nature of SCEs. PMID- 6532412 TI - General yeast infection in Bangladeshi women using contraceptives. AB - A study on the vaginitis due to candida infection among Bengali women using different contraceptives was carried out. A total of 368 patients using three different contraceptives (Pills, Injectables, IUD) and 316 age and parity matched women as control were studied. The incidence of vaginal yeast infection was highest (17.6%) among pill user. In control group, the incidence is lower (6.7%). The difference is statistically significant (P less than 0.05). No significant difference in vaginal yeast infection in women using other two types of contraceptives (Injection, IUD) in contrast to control group was found (P greater than 0.5). Candida albicans was the most common type of yeast infection (91.8%). No Torulopsis glabrata was isolated in this study. we did not find any relationship between duration of contraceptive usages and higher incidence of vaginal candidiasis (P greater than 0.5). This study also indicated that culture examination is much more sensitive than microscopic examination of vaginal swab in detecting yeast infection. PMID- 6532414 TI - Cytogenetic characterization of the Chinese hamster ovary mutant EM9. PMID- 6532415 TI - High induction of sister chromatid exchange and chromosome aberration by 5 bromodeoxyuridine in an ethylmethane-sulfonate-sensitive mouse lymphoma cell mutant (ES 4). PMID- 6532416 TI - Induction of sister chromatid exchanges in split-dose and cell-fusion experiments. PMID- 6532417 TI - Thymidylate stress and sister chromatid exchanges. PMID- 6532418 TI - Sister chromatid exchange (SCE) induced by laser-UV-microirradiation: correlation between the distribution of photolesions and the distribution of SCEs. AB - Small, medium, and large nuclear areas comprising approximately 5, 30, or 80% of the total area of the interphase nuclei of Chinese hamster cells (M3-1) cultivated in vitro were irradiated with a laser-UV-microbeam of wavelength 257 nm. The DNA of the cells was substituted with 5-bromodeoxyuridine (BrdUrd) for 1 cell cycle in one set of experiments. After microirradiation the cells were grown for a second cycle in medium without BrdUrd (protocol A). In a second set, cells with nonsubstituted DNA were microirradiated and grown for 2 additional cycles, the first in the presence, the second in the absence of BrdUrd (protocol B). In situ chromosome preparation and differential chromatid staining was subsequently performed. The induction of sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs) was found to be dependent on both the ultraviolet (UV) dose and the spatial distribution of the UV energy within the cell nucleus. Following both protocols the average number of chromosomes with SCEs was significantly higher after microirradiation of a large nuclear area as compared to microirradiation of a small nuclear area. In the latter case, multiple SCEs were noted on individual chromosome arms at the first postirradiation mitosis (protocol A). In other cells, especially at higher doses, protocol A resulted in shattering of a few closely neighbored chromosomes which were surrounded by intact ones with normal SCE levels. Microirradiation of medium sized nuclear areas produced high levels of SCEs over a number of chromosomes which still appeared spatially related in a part of the metaphase spread. Finally, high SCE levels could be observed over most or all chromosomes when a large nuclear area (up to 100%) was exposed to the microbeam. Following protocol B the increase of SCEs was much less pronounced. Microirradiation of a small part of the cytoplasm in addition to the nuclei did not induce SCEs. Our results support the concept (i) that interphase chromosomes occupy distinct nuclear domains and indicate (ii) that the induction of SCEs by UV light is restricted to microirradiated chromatin. PMID- 6532419 TI - Persistence of SCE-inducing lesions in vivo: relevance to mechanisms of SCE formation. PMID- 6532420 TI - The effect of cell proliferation, bromodeoxyuridine concentration, and deoxynucleoside triphosphate pools on sister chromatid exchange induction. PMID- 6532421 TI - The induction of SCE with relation to specific base methylation of DNA in Chinese hamster cells by N-methyl-N-nitrosourea and dimethylsulfate. AB - The relationship between the formation of alkylated purines in DNA and sister chromatid exchange (SCE) induction has been studied. Both exponentially growing and density-inhibited Chinese hamster (V79) cultures were treated with various doses of N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU) or dimethylsulfate (DMS). The colony forming ability and induced frequencies of SCEs were assayed. Following the exposure of density-inhibited cells to radiolabeled methylating agents these phenomena were related to the levels of 7-methylguanine (7-meGua), 0(6) methylguanine (0(6)-meGua) and 3-methyladenine (3-meAde) in the DNA. At equitoxic doses MNU and DMS induced similar frequencies of SCEs. Since, at equitoxic doses MNU produces about 20 times more 0(6)-meGua in V79-cell DNA than does DMS, this indicates that the formation of this adduct in DNA is not critical for the induction of SCEs by these alkylating agents. Dimethylsulfate-induced SCEs may be mediated via the production of both 3-meAde and 7-meGua in the DNA; these 2 methylated purines may also be responsible for MNU-induced SCE. No one specific methylated purine was identified, therefore, as being solely accountable for the formation of SCEs. The repair of lesions in the DNA of nonreplicating V79 cells lead to a reduction in the SCE frequency on their subsequent release from the density-inhibited state. This suggests that excision repair is not responsible for the formation of SCEs. PMID- 6532422 TI - Relationships between specific DNA adducts, mutation, cell survival, and SCE formation. AB - The induction of biological responses and the formation of specific DNA adducts by 2 classes of carcinogens have been compared in CHO cells. The simple alkylating agents reacted with a variety of nucleophilic centers within DNA while the N-oxidized arylamines reacted only at C8 of deoxyguanosine. With the alkylating agents, mutation induction, which correlated strongly with 0(6) alkylguanine levels, did not correlate well with either SCE frequency or cell survival. SCE formation correlated strongly with reduced cell survival but could not be related to the concentration of a single DNA adduct. Exposure of CHO cells to each of the 3 N-oxidized arylamines resulted in a single DNA adduct, substituted through the C8 of deoxyguanosine. When arylamine-induced biological responses were compared, the results were similar to those found with the alkylating agents. That is, mutation induction did not relate well with either SCE frequency or cell survival, although a close relationship was found between the latter 2 responses. These results suggest that both the site of substitution and the DNA adduct structure may be important in eliciting genotoxic responses. These results also suggest that the toxic and SCE-inducing effects of these 2 classes of carcinogens may be related. PMID- 6532423 TI - Interrelationships of SCEs, mutation at the HGPRT locus, and toxicity in Chinese hamster V79 cells. PMID- 6532424 TI - Quantitative predictivity of carcinogenicity for sister chromatid exchanges in vivo. PMID- 6532425 TI - Probing sister chromatid exchange formation with halogenated pyrimidines. AB - This communication describes the use of 6 different halogenated pyrimidine analogues, bromodeoxyuridine (BrdUrd), chlorodeoxyuridine (CldUrd), iododeoxyuridine (IdUrd), bromodeoxycytidine (BrdCyd), chlorodeoxycytidine (CldCyd), and iododeoxycytidine (IdCyd), to achieve sister chromatid differentiation (SCD) and evaluate sister chromatid exchange (SCE) formation in mitogen-stimulated human lymphocytes. Also included are a description of an in vivo experiment with BrdUrd, CldUrd, and IdUrd; a discussion of pyrimidine metabolism effects on SCEs; and the presentation of an update on the "conformation hypothesis" for SCE formation. This hypothesis revision includes a model that centers on the idea that the sum of the conformational alterations of the DNA polymerase-DNA template complex at replication is the controlling factor in SCE formation. PMID- 6532426 TI - Statistical design, analysis, and inference issues in studies using sister chromatid exchange. AB - While underlying biological mechanisms responsible for sister chromatid exchange (SCE) formation are not fully understood, scientists worldwide are increasingly using SCEs in the evaluation of excess risk from exposure to chemical and biological agents. SCEs are being used as endpoint measures of cell damage in many types of experimental and nonexperimental investigations. The former includes both simple and complex randomized experiments using both animals exposed in vivo and cells exposed in vitro as experimental units. The latter includes the important, yet potentially misleading, human case-control studies in which a group of humans who are or have been exposed to some agent are compared with a selected nonexposed group on SCE frequency. As more is learned about those factors which result in SCE variations, the assay techniques and study protocols can be adjusted to enhance study sensitivity and to minimize potential bias. Although research concerning sample sizes and statistical analysis methods has been conducted, more is needed. Search for other sources of intersubject variations in SCEs should continue so that such sources can be controlled in future studies, particularly the human exposure types. A number of experimental designs are presented and contrasted with their nonexperimental counterparts. Statistical methods are summarized and sample size options are given for the human and animal exposure studies and for the studies in which cells are exposed in vitro. PMID- 6532427 TI - Guidelines for the statistical evaluation of SCE. AB - When planning studies by the sister chromatid exchange (SCE) test, it is necessary to calculate the size of the test groups, taking into consideration the variance of the test result and the statistical distribution of SCE frequencies. This paper deals with these problems. Recommendations are given for the preparation of slides under standardized conditions, for the subsequent counting of SCEs/cell in a random sample of 30 cells from each slide, and for the condensation of the information contained in the sample of 30 counts into a single statistic, that may be treated as a normally distributed variable. The adequacy of this transformation is shown for the data from 170 different subjects. Of these, 165 (58 nonsmokers and 107 cigarette smokers) had mean values of SCE/cell ranging from 6.5 to 13.5, while the remaining 5 subjects were on intermittent treatment with cytostatics every fourth wk, and exhibited a mean value of SCE/cell in the range 15-23. The variance associated with the recommended statistic has been decomposed into 4 variance components: variance within slides, variance between slides prepared from the same blood sample, variance within subjects, and variance between subjects. Based on a total of 680 SCE analyses in 218 persons, estimates of these variance components are given and used to calculate the necessary number of samples for the detection of a prescribed difference in SCEs/cell for selected values of Type I and Type II errors. PMID- 6532429 TI - Statistical analysis of high SCE frequency cells in human lymphocytes. PMID- 6532428 TI - Statistical evaluation of sister chromatid exchanges: refined method. AB - The statistical problems in evaluating the results of sister chromatid exchange (SCE) scores can be solved by fitting log-linear models to the number of SCE scores (2). In each single test all measurements from all chromosome groups, both from the control and from the experimental sets are utilized. Previously, we analyzed for each chromosome group the number of metaphases with specified total SCE score for the group. We have refined this method to an analysis of the total number of chromosomes with specified SCE score over all metaphases. The results show that the refined method uses more information and can lead to conclusions which are at variance with the conclusions of the first method. By proceeding in this way, better use is made of all available information on the SCE scores and the shortcomings of the classical Student's t-test and chi-square (X2) tests are avoided. PMID- 6532431 TI - BrdUrd-independent and BrdUrd-dependent SCEs as components of SCE yields: implications for their cellular significance. PMID- 6532430 TI - The replication of unsubstituted and 5-bromodeoxyuridine- or 5-chlorodeoxyuridine substituted DNA regulates the rate of induction of sister chromatid exchanges. AB - The thymidine (dThd) analog 5-bromodeoxyuridine (BrdUrd) is widely used in studies of the induction of sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs), since growth in the presence of BrdUrd allows the subsequent differential staining of the chromosomes through the fluorescence-plus-Giemsa (FPG) method. However, the analog itself induces SCEs, an aspect of its use which is often not considered. We have studied the induction of SCE by BrdUrd and a second dThd analog 5 chlorodeoxyuridine (CldUrd). Growth of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells for 2 rounds of replication in the presence of different concentrations of either analog results in increasing results in increasing SCE frequencies which are linearly proportional to the degree of analog substitution for dThd in the DNA. However, CldUrd causes 3 to 5 times the number of SCEs found with BrdUrd, at equivalent substitution for dThd. With both analogs the increase in SCE frequency is due to the replication of the analog-substituted DNA and not to the incorporation of analog into nascent DNA. This induction of SCE can be considered at the level of a single strand of DNA since the replication of bifilarly substituted DNA results in twice the number of SCEs that are induced by the replication of unifilarly substituted DNA. PMID- 6532432 TI - Ring chromosomes and sister chromatid exchanges. PMID- 6532433 TI - Chronic recording from the His bundle of the awake dog. AB - The conventional catheter method for measuring specialized A-V nodal and His ventricular conduction times in the intact dog heart precludes an unanesthetized control. This control is necessary for meaningful studies of the effect of drugs or drug-drug interactions on A-V conduction times. At right thoracotomy (halothane anesthesia), mongrel dogs had bipolar electrodes sutured to the epicardial surface of both atrial appendages, junctions of the sulcus terminalis with both vena cavae, and right ventricle. A unipolar needle electrode, referenced to a unipolar electrode on the ascending aorta, was inserted into the interatrial septum from the aortic root for recording the His bundle electrogram. After one to three weeks for stabilization, weekly measurements were made of A-V nodal conduction time (AVN) and His-ventricular conduction time (H-V) for up to 52 weeks (4 to 52 weeks). Mean values (13 dogs) for spontaneous cycle length, AVN and H-V conduction times were 477 +/- 25, 82 +/- 3, and 30 +/- 1 msec, respectively. Simultaneous recordings from catheter and implanted His bundle electrodes were made during changes in atrial paced rate (five dogs, pentobarbital anesthesia). Values for AVN and H-V conduction times from catheter or implanted electrodes were the same. AVN conduction time increased, H-V conduction time remained constant during increases in atrial rate. Atropine shortened and propranolol prolonged AVN conduction time in six unanesthetized, unsedated dogs; neither affected H-V conduction time. Histologic examination of electrode sites in two dogs at 43 and 52 weeks showed no evidence of damage to underlying myocardial recording sites. This preparation provides reproducible awake values for AVN and H-V conduction times, and hence a more meaningful control for pharmacologic investigations. PMID- 6532434 TI - Different determination of sinoatrial conduction time (SACT) in man. AB - Using intracardiac recordings of electrical activity and programmed electrical right atrial stimulation of the human heart, the sinoatrial conduction time (SACT) in the method of Strauss et al. 1973 (SACTc) was calculated in 80 patients with and without disturbances of rhythm and compared to the modified measurement of the SACT in the method reported by Narula et al. in 1978 (SACTN). The number of continuously stimuli varied from 4, 8 and 16 stimuli with a frequency of 10% just above the averaged spontaneous frequency. The best correlation was found between the SACTc and the SACTN16 (r = 0.74; p less than 0.001) with a regression line of: SACTN16 = 1.04 SACTc + 28.6. Under these conditions, as opposed to SACTN4 or SACTN8, the most favourable reproducibility and relative coefficient of variation (rVk) could be observed: SACTN16: rVk = 9.5%; r = 0.91; SACTN8: rVK = 12.3%; r = 0.89; SACTN4: rvK = 24.3%; r = 0.53. Higher individual values for SACTN16 were found by continuous atrial stimulation as compared to other methods of determination indicating mainly a higher depression of sinus node automaticity due to overdrive suppression. Under parasympathicolysis (1 mg atropine) the lowest values of SACT were found for SACTN4 (45.9 +/- 20.7 ms) coming closest the "true" SACT, since these conditions neither an increase of the refractory period nor an overdrive suppression exert an influence. PMID- 6532435 TI - Nonhomogeneous electrophysiological changes and the bimodal distribution of early ventricular arrhythmias during acute coronary artery occlusion. AB - There is experimental evidence that the bimodally distributed ventricular arrhythmias (phases Ia and Ib) during the first 30 min after coronary occlusion (CO) in dogs are not due to the same mechanism. In 39 dogs we related the incidence of phases Ia and Ib to the time courses of excitation thresholds (ET), refractoriness (REFR), conduction times (CT) and effective refractory periods (ERP) at 6-12 epicardial electrode sites within the ischemic zone. The regional collateral myocardial blood flow (RMBF-tracer microsphere technique) was determined in 14 out of the dogs. This measurement only served for rough grouping into dogs with low and higher RMBF at the electrode sites during ischemia. REFR was determined as temporal recovery of excitability at a constant current strength of 4-6 times preocclusion ET. ERP was intermittently measured at 2.0-8.0 mA. At low RMBF ET, REFR and CT increased very inhomogeneously (dispersion of ET increased from 0.06 to 2.42 mA) 2-8 min after CO, leading to Ia-arrhythmias (also depending on infarct size) which terminated as ET, REFR and CT partially recovered 10-30 min after CO, their dispersions being still markedly elevated. With further recovery of these electrophysiological parameters the phases Ib subsided. On the other hand, the ERP diminished for the most part within the first 10 min after CO with only minor further decrease. Remarkably the dispersion of ERP did not significantly increase within the ischemic zone (from mean = 15 +/ 5 ms to 22 +/- 8 ms at low RMBF and from 14 +/- 6 ms to 18 +/- 9 ms at higher RMBF, p = ns). As a consequence of the homogeneous and constant shortening of the ERP, the time course of REFR mainly was determined by the nonhomogeneous alterations of ET. At a higher RMBF there were only minor electrophysiological alterations, and Ia- or Ib-arrhythmias did not emerge. These results indicate a strong relation of the Ia- and Ib-arrhythmias to the ischemia-induced time courses and dispersions of ET, REFR and CT but not of ERP within the ischemic area. Although the phases Ia relate to a strong increase of ET, REFR and CT and the Ib-arrhythmias to a partial recovery of these parameters, both the Ia- and Ib arrhythmias seem to depend on a "critical" extent of electrophysiological inhomogeneity within a "critical" mass of ischemic but excitable myocardium. PMID- 6532437 TI - [Early histologic findings in Perthes disease]. PMID- 6532436 TI - The possible role of phospholipase A2 in cardiac membrane destabilization under calcium overload conditions. AB - The mechanism of spontaneous diastolic depolarizations induced by different Ca2+ overloading conditions (ouabain toxicity, calcium ionophore A23187, O-K, high Ca2+ solution) in mammalian working myocardium fibres was studied with conventional microelectrode technique and pharmacological approach. Antagonistic properties of antiphospholipase-A2 (PL A2)-active compounds (dexamethasone and indomethacin) were tested. Membrane oscillations in Ca2+ overload conditions were shown to be eliminated or largely protected by both anti-inflammatory agents. There was no influence of the compounds on electrical parameters and ion currents in intact mammalian and amphibian myocardium. The data obtained suggested that modulation of Ca2+-dependent PL A2 activity may contribute significantly to membrane destabilization due to Ca2+ overload of cardiac cells. An analogous membrane destabilizing action of exogenous PL A2 observed in Langendorff-perfused guinea pig heart is in favour of the hypothesis introduced. PMID- 6532438 TI - [A case of dyschondrosteosis]. PMID- 6532439 TI - [Arthrotomy of the knee joint under local anesthesia]. PMID- 6532440 TI - [Bioelectric measurements on performance evaluation of healthy and arthritic joint cartilage]. PMID- 6532441 TI - [Value of fibula osteotomy/resection in the treatment concept of fractures and pseudarthroses of the lower leg]. PMID- 6532442 TI - Current methodology in experimental hematology. Introduction. PMID- 6532443 TI - Current methodology in experimental hematology. PMID- 6532444 TI - The macrophage colony-forming cell. PMID- 6532445 TI - Special techniques for the separation of hemopoietic cells. Elutriation. PMID- 6532446 TI - Long-term bone marrow cultures. PMID- 6532447 TI - Cell proliferation kinetics analyzed with BrdU and near-UV light treatment. PMID- 6532448 TI - Methodology for the identification and characterization of hematopoietic cells. Clonal assays for multipotential hemopoietic cells in vitro. PMID- 6532449 TI - Erythropoietic cells. PMID- 6532450 TI - Vasodilator mechanisms. 3rd International Symposium on Mechanisms of Vasodilation. Sydney, August 25-27,1983. PMID- 6532451 TI - Cerebral vasodilator effects of nimodipine. PMID- 6532452 TI - Vasoconstrictor responses influenced by the endothelium. PMID- 6532453 TI - Vasodilatation mediated by the coronary endothelium in response to aggregating platelets. PMID- 6532454 TI - Chemical modification of tyrosine residues at the active centre of cytochrome P 450 CAM. AB - Soluble cytochrome P-450 CAM from Pseudomonas putida (EC 1.14.14.1) was chemically modified with tetranitromethane. At least five out of totally nine tyrosine residues are accessible to nitration as shown by tryptic peptide mapping using HPLC. Modification in the presence of the inhibitor metyrapone and subsequent peptide mapping indicate the location of one tyrosine residue at the active centre of cytochrome P-450 CAM. PMID- 6532455 TI - [Method for the photometric determination of aldehyde oxidase activity]. AB - A method has been developed for the determination of aldehyde oxidase. Dimethylaminocinnamaldehyde was taken as substrate. It is oxidized to the corresponding acid and changes ist absorption at 398 nm. Except dissolved oxygen no additional electron acceptor is needed. This alternative assay was found to be about twice as sensitive compared to the method with acetaldehyde and dichlorophenol indophenol. Aldehyde oxidase activity was estimated in the raw extract of livers of pig, sheep and rat. Xanthine oxidase does not interfere. PMID- 6532456 TI - A simple method for the isolation of highly enriched hormone-sensitive parenchymal liver cells from fetal rats. AB - A well reproducible method for preparing isolated parenchymal cells from fetal rat liver on the 22nd day of gestation by tryptic digestion is described including criteria for assessing their viability. The content of parenchymal liver cells was higher than 90% as could be demonstrated by light microscopic analysis of thin sections of the pelleted hepatocytes. Electron microscopic examination of the freshly prepared suspension revealed a well preserved ultrastructure of the hepatocytes. The metabolic competence of the isolated fetal hepatocytes was tested by alpha- and beta-adrenergic stimulation of glycogenolysis and glycogenolytic glucose release. PMID- 6532457 TI - No inhibition of the lymphocyte transformation by pregnancy-associated alpha 2 glycoprotein (PAAG). AB - Fractions of retroplacental sera containing pregnancy-associated alpha 2 glycoprotein (PAAG) inhibited the lymphocyte transformation. The inhibitory effect did not correlate to the amount of this protein. It remained even after a specific depletion of the PAAG without altering the composition of the other proteins in the sera fractions. These results rule out a suppressive activity of the PAAG in the lymphocyte transformation. PMID- 6532459 TI - [The effect of sinocarotid circulatory reflexes on the microcirculation of the kidney]. AB - Sinocarotid baroreceptor control of renocortical and medullary blood flow was examined by hydrogen washout technique in unconscious rabbits. Direction and size of the local renal blood flow depend on the interaction of extravenal nerval influence, the actual blood pressure and the renal autoregulation. The data reveal an important neuroreflectory control of the renal blood flow. The renomedullary flow is not totally determined by the degree of systemic arterial blood pressure. Renal factors thus appear to participate very early and continuously in primary neurogenic forms of arterial hypertension. PMID- 6532458 TI - [Sex-specific differences in food intake, body weight and parameters of lipid metabolism (HDL-cholesterol, total cholesterol and triglycerides) in rats under various feeding conditions]. AB - We compared the food intake, body weight as well as several parameters of the lipid metabolism in male and female rats fed with a diet high in carbohydrate content (HCD) or high in fat content (HFD). The absolute food intake was higher in male than in female animals. With regard to the relative food intake (per 1 000 g body weight), the sex-specific differences could be demonstrated only in the HCD rats. It was striking that the HFD rats showed the same relative food intake in both sexes but that the females of this group exhibited significantly less weight gain. The HDL-cholesterol serum level was significantly higher in the HFD females than in the males. In the HCD group, we could not find any sex specific differences. The total cholesterol serum level of female rats was significantly elevated in both diet groups, whereas the triglycerides serum level was only higher in the females of the HCD group, as compared to the corresponding levels of male rats. In the HFD group we could not find any sex-specific differences. PMID- 6532461 TI - Thanatology--the study of death and dying. PMID- 6532460 TI - [beta-Phenylethylamine in the cisternal fluid in acute endogenous psychoses]. AB - Beta-Phenylethylamine can be detected in the cisternal cerebrospinal fluid of healthy controls and acute endogenous psychoses. One group of the patients shows the same concentrations as the psychiatrically healthy controls. In the other groups beta-phenylethylamine was found to be elevated in some cases up to a very high level. The results suggest a link between a disturbance of the phenylethylamine pathway and certain endogenous psychoses. PMID- 6532462 TI - The impact of a changing alcoholic consumption pattern on the black population of South Africa. PMID- 6532463 TI - The beneficial consequences of the United Kingdom's declining per capita consumption of alcohol in 1979-82. AB - Per capita consumption of alcohol rose steadily in the U.K. from 1970 to 1979, but fell by 11% between 1979 and 1982. This fall in consumption was followed by a 19% fall in first admissions for alcohol dependence, a 16% fall in drunkenness convictions, a 7% fall in drinking and driving convictions and a 4% fall in cirrhosis mortality. Between 1970 and 1982 there were highly significant (P less than 0.01) correlations between per capita consumption and convictions for drunkenness and drinking and driving, first admissions to hospital for alcohol dependence, and mortality from cirrhosis, pancreatitis and cancer of the oesophagus. These findings add weight to the argument that per capita consumption is the crucial variable determining the magnitude of the burden imposed on the community by the harmful effects of excessive drinking. PMID- 6532464 TI - Differential effect of chronic alcohol intake and poor nutrition on body weight and fat stores. AB - A six-months out-patient study of chronic alcoholics with undecompensated liver disease has shown a statistically significant inverse correlation between the change in mean corpuscular volume and the change in body weight (r = -0.4, P less than 0.01). A fall in body weight over this period was the best clinical indicator of apparently continuing alcohol abuse. Previous anthropometric studies have indicated that reduced adipose tissue is one cause of lower body weights in such patients. To determine whether this is due to the effects of alcohol or of poor nutrition, the epididymal fat pad weights of rats following 28 days administration of alcohol (36% of total calories) as part of a nutritionally adequate liquid diet were compared with those of pair-fed controls initially matched for body weight. At the end of the experiment, body weight gain was the same in both groups but the mean weight of the fat pads of alcohol-fed animals (371.7 mg +/- 60.0 mg SD) all of which developed hepatic steatosis was 29% greater than that of pair-fed controls (288.7 mg +/- 42.4 mg). This difference was statistically significant (P less than 0.025). This study shows that alcohol intake per se does not prevent an increase in body weight or fat even if hepatic steatosis is induced and that loss of adipose tissue in chronic alcoholics who continue to drink is probably due to simultaneous inadequate nutritional intake. PMID- 6532465 TI - Alcohol education and the medical student. AB - The development of a more sophisticated aetiological model of alcohol abuse and dependence has certain advantages when it comes to teaching medical students about the subject. The move away from a simplistic, unicausal model of disease coincides with more sophisticated notions of disease in medicine in general and alcoholism in particular can now be seen as a paradigm for many disorders. While the new model implicitly recognises the important role of non-medical professionals in the detection and management of alcohol-related problems, the protean manifestations of alcohol in general and specialised medical settings demands that tomorrow's doctors have an appropriately sophisticated model of the disorder and the abilities and skills necessary for its detection and management. PMID- 6532466 TI - The clinical nature and detection of psychiatric disorders in patients with alcoholic liver disease. AB - To determine the clinical nature of psychiatric disorders and their detection in patients with alcoholic liver disease we interviewed 71 randomly sampled subjects using two well-validated techniques: (i) the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia (SADS-L) and (ii) the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ), a self administered screening questionnaire. We also interviewed a similar number of controlled subjects with non-alcoholic liver disease of comparable severity. Forty-seven (66%) of those with alcoholic liver disease had psychiatric disorder compared with 23 (32%) of the control group (P less than 0.001). The commonest problems encountered in both groups were affective disorders, neuroses and anti social personality, the latter was commoner in male alcoholics (33%) than in non alcoholics (13%; P less than 0.02). In nearly half of the alcoholic group, psychiatric disorder antedated the onset of heavy drinking; nearly half of them had psychiatric disorders at the time of interview. Thirty-five (74%) of the alcoholics with positive psychopathology assessed by SADS-L were identified as psychiatric cases by the GHQ (score greater than 5), and the mean GHQ score was significantly higher in the alcoholics than in the controls (13.2 +/- 2.1 and 6.2 +/- 1.3, P less than 0.01). These results demonstrate the high frequency of psychiatric disorders in patients with alcoholic liver disease and suggest that psychiatric intervention is needed in many patients to improve their likelihood of remaining abstinent from alcohol. PMID- 6532467 TI - Some factors associated with compliance in the treatment of alcoholism. AB - The investigation set out to examine the extent of problems of low compliance at an alcoholism clinic, to investigate some variables that might differentiate referral failures and initial clinic attenders as well as categories of patients who attend for treatment, and to generate hypotheses concerning these differences as a means of developing a compliance-enhancement strategy. Information, including sociodemographic and personality variables, patient self-reports of drinking behaviour, self-perceptions of their need for help and of drinking problem severity, and therapist ratings of drinking problem severity, was gathered on one hundred referrals to a clinic for new patients. Results showed that 46% of patients were referral failures and that, in comparison with attenders, the former group had both waited longer for the initial appointment and were younger. Few variables differentiated the categories of attenders. A greater proportion of those remaining in treatment contact for longer than a month rated the change in their drinking problem over the previous year as 'worse' and more of them had been arrested for public drunkenness. Those who made five or more clinic visits had waited a shorter time for their initial appointment, and a greater proportion rated the effects of their drinking on their work as 'serious' and the change in their social life as 'worse' than patients who had made fewer visits. The findings suggest that variables related to personal perceptions of drinking problems offer a better account of compliance behaviour than the sociodemographic variables which have been the focus of previous research. PMID- 6532468 TI - An original 'street test' for urine screening for morphine and its evaluation. AB - We have developed a rapid test for the detection of morphine and its metabolites in urine by adsorption on cation-exchange resin-coated plastic rods. The method is sufficiently specific to differentiate morphine from synthetic opiates such as pethidine. The sensitivity of this method is down to 1.0 microgram/ml for morphine and 0.1 microgram/ml for pethidine, being similar to that of the thin layer chromatographic (TLC) method and superior to some screening kit procedures. Our method makes it possible and easy to detect opiates in urine samples on the spot and to easily transport the coated rods to the laboratory for subsequent analysis. The sensitivity, specificity and validity of the method were examined and compared with those of the TLC and radio-immunoassay (RIA) procedures. PMID- 6532469 TI - Alcohol and body weight. PMID- 6532470 TI - The current clinical value of broncho-alveolar lavage: a personal view. PMID- 6532471 TI - Survey of immunoglobulin levels in atopic families. PMID- 6532472 TI - Demonstration of anti-asialo GM1 antibody and its neurocytotoxicity in the sera of systemic lupus erythematosus patients. PMID- 6532473 TI - Pulmonary function in symptom-free asthmatic children. PMID- 6532474 TI - Clinical and immunological profile of cryoglobulinaemia in north India. PMID- 6532475 TI - Immunological studies of heroin addicts. PMID- 6532476 TI - Development leading to the production of immunological reagents in Thailand. PMID- 6532477 TI - [Method for the determination of prices of pharmaceutical specialties as an instrument for improving investments in research]. PMID- 6532478 TI - [Spectrophotometric study of the in vitro liberation of fentiazac acid]. PMID- 6532479 TI - [Studies on skin diffusion with biological membranes: topical preparations of fentiazac acid]. PMID- 6532480 TI - [Simultaneous determination of quinine hydrochloride, phenacetin and caffeine in mixtures using spectrophotometry]. PMID- 6532481 TI - The role of digitalis in the future. AB - Cardiac glycosides exert an acute positive inotropic effect on the normal and failing heart. Recent evidence establishes that the positive inotropic effect is maintained over several months in many patients. The effectiveness of long-term treatment with cardiac glycosides in relieving symptoms is less certain; only a small subset of patients benefits. An effect on mortality is not established. The use of digoxin in the treatment of mild heart failure is questionable since the drug has serious side-effects and the efficacy in patients already taking diuretics has not been established. The use of glycosides in the treatment of severe chronic heart failure is being challenged because of the availability of powerful diuretics, new vasodilators and alternative positive inotropes. PMID- 6532482 TI - Factors affecting the reporting of symptoms by hypertensive patients. AB - Patients diagnosed as hypertensive have a high complaint rate, both on and off treatment and this has been postulated to be due to either their disease process, their being labelled as hypertensive, or to their treatment. Data from 6637 hypertensive patients being entered into clinical trials in general practice have been analysed to determine the relationship between the patient's age, sex, concurrent illnesses, concurrent medication, whether they were on antihypertensive treatment and the frequency of their reporting symptoms. The analysis was conducted using a multivariate technique. The frequency of reporting symptoms was greater in females than males. Those receiving antihypertensive therapy reported more symptoms than those who were not. This was notable with those receiving a beta-adrenoceptor blocker (47% of such patients complaining). Patients receiving concurrent medication were more likely to report a symptom than those not (48 compared to 37%). This was particularly noticeable if central nervous system-acting drugs were prescribed where the prevalence of symptoms was 52%. Patients already on antihypertensive treatment were more likely to be taking other medication for other conditions (37 vs 31%) than those not receiving antihypertensive treatment. Females were more likely to be taking other tablets than males (38 compared to 30%). The only symptoms which were less prevalent in those receiving treatment were headache, dizziness and breathlessness. All other symptoms were increased or unchanged in patients on antihypertensive therapy. This study indicates that present treatment for hypertension produces a high complaint rate from patients and that, when patients so complain, the possibility of their symptoms being due to their concurrent medication should be considered. PMID- 6532483 TI - Studies on fertility control-the formation and antifertility effect of polyvinyl pyrolidone-gossypol complex. AB - In this study, PVP-gossypol complexes with different molecular weights and compositions were synthesized. UV and NMR spectra revealed the presence of hydrogen bonds in these complexes. The dissolution rates of various PVP-gossypol complexes in water at 37 degrees C were determined. The results showed that the presence of PVP in the complex enhanced the dissolution rate of gossypol in water greatly. In addition, the in vitro spermicidal activity on human semen, antifertility effect on male rats, and the toxic reaction of male mice by taking large dosage were preliminarily studied. The experimental results indicated that the PVP-gossypol complexes not only possessed the similar antifertility effect and acute toxicity to male mice as gossypol-acetic acid, but also reduced the irreversibility of the fertility as well. Thus, certain species of PVP-gossypol complex may have potential as new and better male oral contraceptive with recoverability in fertility. PMID- 6532484 TI - Tissue reaction to a failed Bion hip prosthesis in a dog. AB - The tissue reaction in a dog to a failed constrained total hip replacement system with a Bion elastomer component was evaluated. The device consisted of Ti-6A1-4V alloy acetabular and femoral components connected with a Bion component. At necropsy the Bion component was found to have fractured. The tissue surrounding the Bion was granulomatous with numerous blackened regions. Histologically a severe chronic inflammatory response was present in the surrounding tissue with numerous giant cells and Bion laden macrophages. PMID- 6532485 TI - Specific removal of digoxin by hemoperfusion through agarose polyacrolein microsphere polyacrolein microsphere beads-antidigoxin antibodies (APAMB-AD). AB - The efficacy of a new, biocompatible, specific immunosorbent for hemoperfusive removal of digoxin is described. The sorbent contains antidigoxin antibodies covalently bound to polyacrolein microspheres, 0.2 mu diam. Thousands of microspheres are matrix-encapsulated in crosslinked agarose to form beads of 500 to 800 mu diam. Digoxin intoxicated dogs showed heart block, ventricular and atrial tachycardia and extended runs of PVCs. During hemoperfusion the abnormal ECG abated; at 2 h of hemoperfusion the ECG tracings returned to normal. Up to 25% of the total digoxin burden was removed. The numbers of the blood cells and the content of a battery of relevant soluble components of the blood remained constant. Dogs were alive and well after the hemoperfusion. Non hemoperfused dogs, which received antiarrythmic agents, did not survive the intoxication. This is the first report of a practical hemoperfusive system for the specific removal of digoxin from whole blood. PMID- 6532486 TI - The surface free energy of human dental enamel. AB - The surface free energy is a definite factor in the adhesion of micro-organisms to host surfaces, such as tooth surfaces. The surface free energy gamma s can experimentally be determined by means of a series of contact angle measurements with various liquids. Employing the concept of polar and dispersion components, it was found, that gamma s of ground and polished human enamel is 88 +/- 9 erg.cm 2. This value is of the same order of magnitude as obtained for hydroxyapatite (the main mineral component of enamel) and fluorapatite. Fluoride applications on human enamel, frequently employed in dentistry, greatly influence the surface free energy. Application of various fluorides gave different results: Aminfluorides reduced gamma s to 62 +/- 5 erg.cm-2; APF raised gamma s to 107 +/- 11 erg.cm-2; NaF hardly influenced gamma s X gamma s remained 87 +/- 9 erg.cm-2. Adsorption of salivary proteins (pellicle formation) influences these differences. In vivo pellicle formation on FEP (gamma s = 17 erg.cm-2) increased gamma s to 41 erg.cm-2, Diacryl (gamma s = 76 erg.cm-2) increased gamma s to 117 erg.cm-2, while on sintered hydroxyapatite (gamma s = 80 erg.cm-2) gamma s increased to 118 erg.cm-2. PMID- 6532487 TI - Vein harvesting by long blunt and blind dissection. A standardized technique in the dog. AB - A standardized method for harvesting veins from dogs is described. It involves skeletization of the vein and its collaterals by longitudinal blind and blunt dissection, thus separating the vein from its surroundings. This is followed by elevation and cutting of the subdermal tissue with an electrosurgical pencil. The method was found to be faster and less traumatic than the prevailing method which involves cutting the skin with a longitudinal incision and dissection of the vein in small increments. PMID- 6532488 TI - The effect of aging and surface modification on the mechanical properties of dense aluminum oxide. AB - The effect of in vivo aging and surface texturing on the mechanical properties of dense aluminum oxide were studied. The modulus of rupture and Weibull modulus were determined in air and Ringer's solution using a 3-point bend test. The results showed that the in vivo environment sealed off microcracks either chemically or by tissue ingrowth which strengthened the alumina. The surface modification, however, tended to create more microcracks and stress concentrations at the surface indentations which tended to weaken the alumina. PMID- 6532489 TI - Dynamic loading of dental amalgam and effects upon electrochemistry and microstructure. AB - The stress vs. cycles (S-N) behavior for four amalgams is reported. At 10 cycles/min and for 37 degrees C air and artificial saliva environments, linear regression lines fit the data with high correlations between 10(2) and 10(4) cycles. Significance at 50% exists between the environments and with saliva decreasing failure resistance. The open circuit potential (OCP), the OCP-time transients at constant anodic currents, and the cyclic voltammetry all exhibit changes with loading. With static loading the OCP decreases, while with dynamic loading the OCP exhibits a sinusoidal pattern and a pattern with two maxima and two minima after the loading has progressed and which continues up until failure. The maximum anodic current in voltammetry increases with continual potential cycling (or load cycling), while decreases when performed without loading. The application of anodic currents to the amalgams has, however, not significantly reduced the number of cycles to failure, nor has the application of cathodic currents increased the number of cycles. Rearrangement and coalesence of voids takes place with loading and with microcracking forming preferentially between them. Crack propagation occurs predominantly within the gamma-1 matrix. PMID- 6532490 TI - [Hypothyroidism and coronary disease]. PMID- 6532491 TI - [Studies on chemical substances responsible for causing eye lesions in patients treated with NAC-dialyzer]. PMID- 6532492 TI - [13C-nuclear magnetic resonance of nitro compounds and triazenes produced by decomposition of trisubstituted nitrosoureas]. PMID- 6532493 TI - [Distribution of chlordane components in rat tissues after daily oral administration of technical chlordane at low levels]. PMID- 6532494 TI - [Selection of opium poppy. On the relation of incision time of poppy (Ikkanshu) capsule to morphine and codeine yields]. PMID- 6532495 TI - [Studies on the cultivation of medicinal plants (XIII). Growth, yield and quality of Aconitum chinense Sieb. et Zucc. in southern and northern Hokkaido]. PMID- 6532496 TI - [Studies on the cultivation of medicinal plants (XIV). Growth, yield and quality on the transplanting pattern of Aconitum chinense Sieb. et Zucc]. PMID- 6532497 TI - [Lysozyme Reference Standard (Control 831) of National Institute of Hygienic Sciences]. PMID- 6532498 TI - [Study on the gas chromatographic determination of dibutyltin compounds in food containers and packing materials made of polyvinyl chloride, which was proposed by Japan Hygienic PVC Association]. PMID- 6532499 TI - [Determination of o-phenylphenol (OPP) in marmalade and juice]. PMID- 6532500 TI - [Determination of nitrosamines in salted pollack roe treated with nitrite]. PMID- 6532501 TI - [Study on the possibility of mutagen formation in the rat feed containing butyl hydroxy anisol]. PMID- 6532502 TI - [Migration tests of lead and arsenic from crystal cut glasses made in China]. PMID- 6532503 TI - [Migration of lead, cadmium, arsenic and alkali from glassware--comparison of the existing Japanese methods and international standard method]. PMID- 6532504 TI - [Mycological survey of Worcestershire and fruit sauces and "an" (bean jam) for standardization purposes]. PMID- 6532505 TI - [List of plants: Wakayama Experiment Station of Medicinal Plants]. PMID- 6532506 TI - Kinetics of hydrolysis of 4-methylumbelliferyl tetra-N-acetyl-beta chitotetraoside by hen egg white lysozyme and pH dependence of its kinetic parameters. PMID- 6532507 TI - [Effects of anti-inflammatory drugs on oxygen metabolism associated with phagocytosis by guinea pig polymorphonuclear leukocytes]. PMID- 6532508 TI - [Chemical studies on compatibility to medical application III. Prevention of migration of DEHP from blood tubings]. PMID- 6532510 TI - [Cytogenetic effects of gaseous and volatile chemicals on mammalian cells in vitro and in vivo. I. Chromosome aberration tests in cultured mammalian cells]. PMID- 6532509 TI - [Establishment of test methods for examining promoters of hepatocarcinogenesis- promoting effects of phenobarbital, butylated hydroxytoluene and barbital]. PMID- 6532511 TI - [Cytogenetic effects of gaseous and volatile chemicals on mammalian cells in vitro and in vivo. II. Micronucleus tests in mice]. PMID- 6532512 TI - [Studies on vascular permeability factor induced by bacterial endotoxin in rabbits]. PMID- 6532513 TI - [Studies on the stability of local anesthetics of amide series in aqueous solutions]. PMID- 6532514 TI - Breast cancer. PMID- 6532515 TI - Sympathetic innervation of lymph nodes in mice. AB - Noradrenergic innervation of popliteal and mesenteric lymph nodes in mice was examined with fluorescence histochemistry. Dense varicose plexuses entered the nodes with the vasculature in the hilar region and continued with the vasculature into the medullary region. Fine, delicate varicosities and small vascular plexuses continued into the cortical and paracortical regions surrounding the germinal centers; some varicosities ended among lymphocytes. A subcapsular plexus contributed fibers into the cortical and paracortical regions. Chemical measurements revealed the presence of norepinephrine in lymph nodes that was depletable with 6-hydroxydopamine. Depletion of norepinephrine from lymph nodes with this agent resulted in a diminished primary immune response in draining lymph nodes following subcutaneous injection of an antigen in two mouse strains, but had no effect in two other strains. These findings suggest that noradrenergic fibers innervate both the vasculature and parenchymal regions of lymph nodes, and may participate in the modulation of immune responses in these organs. PMID- 6532516 TI - Catecholamine innervation of cervical dendrite bundles: possible phrenic nucleus innervation. AB - The catecholaminergic innervation of three recently described dendrite bundles (midline, central and lateral) in the cervical spinal cord of the adult Long Evans hooded rat [41] was examined using Golgi impregnation, fluorescence histochemistry for catecholamines, and cholinesterase histochemistry. The midline and lateral bundles were similar in appearance to those described by the Scheibel and Scheibel [50,51], while the central bundle, present in the region of the phrenic nucleus, has not been described previously. Analysis of Golgi-Cox impregnated horizontal sections demonstrated the presence of fine varicose fibers within all three bundles. These profiles entered the bundles at right angles, either singly or within small transverse dendritic subunits, then turned in a rostral or caudal direction, and coursed adjacent to dendrites of motoneurons in the bundles. Catecholamine histofluorescence in horizontal sections revealed abundant varicosities within all three bundles, similar in size and appearance to the varicose fibers seen in Golgi-Cox impregnated sections. Catecholamine fibers entered the dendrite bundles at right angles then turned rostrally or caudally and coursed horizontally within the bundles. Varicose fluorescent profiles formed pericellular rings around the motoneurons and linear profiles adjacent to the dendrites, sometimes outlining the entire proximal portion of primary dendrites. Catecholamine fibers entered the dendrite bundles at right angles then turned rostrally or caudally to course adjacent to the dendrites within the bundles. Cholinesterase histochemistry in alternate sections revealed staining of motoneurons and their dendrites, and confirmed the location of the catecholamine varicosities within the motoneuron dendrite bundles.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6532517 TI - Plasticity of catecholaminergic neurons in aged rat brain: reinnervation and functional recovery after axotomy. AB - Regenerative growth at the lesion site, reinnervation of a target nucleus and functional manifestations of recovery were studied in aged (20 and 30 months old) rats subjected to long-term transection of catecholaminergic (CA) fibers which contact and influence neurons of the supraoptic nucleus (SON). Small bilateral knife cuts were placed stereotaxically just caudal and medial to the SON. CA histofluorescence, induced by formaldehyde-glutaraldehyde (FAGLU) or aluminum formaldehyde (ALFA) methods, was examined in hypothalamus at 2, 14, 21 and 60 days postsurgically. Water consumption, and urine volume and osmolality, were monitored presurgically, and through survival times. Subtotal CA denervation in the SON, and typical axonal transmitter "pile-up" at the lesion site, were evident two days after surgery. Among these degenerative profiles, which persisted for up to three weeks, fine-sized new fibers were apparent at the lesion, beginning between 2 and 14 days, and persisting throughout the period studied. At 21 days, and progressively thereafter, SON neurons were rimmed with fluorescent varicosites. Water consumption initially was depressed, but returned to presurgical mean levels by nine days. Urine volume returned to normal by 32 days. Urine osmolality showed a recovery by approximately three weeks. These functional parameters rebounded to levels higher than presurgical means among 20 month old, but not 30 month old, rats beyond 6 weeks survival, concurrent with a morphological hyperinnervation. The results reaffirm morphological regeneration, and support reinnervation and functional recovery, which extend considerably into the aging process. PMID- 6532519 TI - Effects of chlordane on the blood and tissue chemistry of a teleost fish, Heteropneustes fossilis. PMID- 6532518 TI - Cholinergic systems in the rat brain: I. projections to the limbic telencephalon. AB - The cholinergic projections to the limbic telecephalon in the rat were investigated by use of fluorescent tracer histology in combination with choline-O acetyltransferase (ChAT) immunohistochemistry and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) histochemistry (pharmacohistochemical regimen). Propidium iodide or Evans Blue was infused into the olfactory bulb, hippocampus, dorsal retrohippocampal region, amygdala, and the entorhinal, perirhinal, pyriform, insular, and cingular cortices. Retrogradely transported fluorescent labels and ChAT and/or AChE were microscopically analyzed on the same brain section. Virtually all of the cholinergic projections to the limbic telencephalon derived from the basal forebrain cholinergic system composed of neurons associated with the medial septal nucleus, nuclei of the vertical and horizontal limbs of the diagonal band, the magnocellular preoptic area, the subpallidal substantia innominata and its rostral extension into the regions of the ventral pallidum laterally and the lateral preoptic area medially, and the nucleus basalis. The cingulate cortex received a small cholinergic projection from the dorsolateral tegmental nucleus in the brainstem. All of the presumed cholinergic innervation of the olfactory bulb, hippocampus, and dorsal retrohippocampal area and the majority of cholinergic afferents to posterior cingulate and entorhinal cortices derived from the medial septal nucleus, vertical and horizontal limbs of the diagonal band, magnocellular preoptic area, and rostral substantia innominata. Putative cholinergic afferents to the amygdala and to pyriform, insular, perirhinal, and anterior cingulate cortices orginated from ChAT-positive cells concentrated more caudally in the basal forebrain cholinergic system. Within the basal forebrain, no simple topographic pattern emerged to explain the cholinergic innervation of the limbic telencephalon, although an essentially reverse rostrocaudal organization was observed for afferents to the cingular region. It was noted, however, that most regions of the limbic telencephalon received cholinergic input from rostral portions of the basal forebrain cholinergic system, an observation inviting speculation that anterior aspects of the basal forebrain provide cholinergic afferents primarily to limbic structures in the telencephalon whereas more caudal portions are the source of cholinergic fibers preferentially innervating non-limbic regions. Of the total number of projection neurons innervating a given region of the limbic telencephalon, a greater proportion was ChAT-positive if phylogenetically newer target structures were innervated.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6532521 TI - Extraction and characterization of glycoconjugate components in the submandibular gland of hares. PMID- 6532520 TI - Effect of enzyme treatment of nutrient uptake by chick embryo fibroblasts. PMID- 6532522 TI - Polyacrylic membrane technique for the demonstration of enzymatic activity in cytology material--II. Acid phosphatase, non-specific esterases, beta glucuronidase, NADH: (acceptor) oxidoreductase, NADPH: (acceptor) oxidoreductase and glycerol-3-phosphate oxidoreductase. PMID- 6532523 TI - Dendritic membrane from insect olfactory hairs: isolation method and electron microscopic observations. AB - Sensory hairs from antennae of male saturniid moths (Antheraea polyphemus) were separated while deep-frozen by shaking antennal branches with glass beads. The hairs were collected through their differential adhesion to the surface of a petri dish. The yield, determined by the length of the isolated hair fragments, was about 38% of the estimated total hair length per antenna. The dendritic membrane was separated from the hair fragments by centrifugation through Sephadex and further purified by ultracentrifugation in sucrose buffers. Transmission electron microscopy was used to monitor the steps of the hair and membrane isolation and to investigate the membrane pellet. Some membrane vesicles bound cationized ferritin, thus indicating a negatively charged cell surface coat. Negatively stained membrane vesicles exhibited a pattern of repetitive substructures irregularly distributed over the vesicle surface. The units had a diameter of about 3 nm and a maximal density of 30,000/micron2. PMID- 6532524 TI - Estradiol increases dopamine turnover in intermediate and posterior pituitary lobes of ovariectomized rats. AB - Dopamine levels were specifically increased in the intermediate lobe of the pituitary gland of ovariectomized rats following acute 17-beta-estradiol administration. Estradiol treatment increased the dopamine turnover rate 10-fold in the intermediate lobe and 2-fold in the posterior lobe of ovariectomized rats. In contrast, estrogen treatment had no effect on the endogenous levels or the turnover rate of norepinephrine in these tissues. Our results suggest that estrogens can selectively modulate dopamine metabolism in the posterior and intermediate lobes of the rat pituitary gland. PMID- 6532525 TI - [Sero-epidemiological study of hepatitis B virus infection in rural areas of Shanxi Province]. PMID- 6532526 TI - [A seroepidemiological study of hepatitis A viral infection]. PMID- 6532527 TI - [Role of saliva in the transmission of hepatitis B]. PMID- 6532528 TI - [First isolation of Brucella canis in China]. PMID- 6532529 TI - [Etiology of bacillary dysentery in the southern autonomous region of Guizhou Province in 1981]. PMID- 6532530 TI - [Surveillance of malaria after its near eradiation in the area of Menglang, Lancong County in Yunnan Province]. PMID- 6532531 TI - [Epidemiological survey of paragonimiasis in Wufeng County, Hubei Province]. PMID- 6532532 TI - [Epidemiological survey of coronary heart disease, and hypertension after vasectomy]. PMID- 6532534 TI - [Assay of anti-typhoid agglutinin using the activated charcoal agglutination test]. PMID- 6532533 TI - [A survey of blood pressure and sclerosis of the ophthalmofundal artery among 461 officials]. PMID- 6532535 TI - [Acquired immune deficiency syndrome]. PMID- 6532536 TI - In vitro synergism of nalidixic acid with other broad spectrum antibiotics. AB - In vitro studies of the activity of antibiotic combinations in the ratio 1:1: nalidixic acid plus cephaloridine, nalidixic acid plus kanamycin and nalidixic acid plus erythromycin were performed by using an agar dilution technique with Mueller-Hinton Agar. Of 156 Enterobacteriaceae tested, nalidixic acid plus cephaloridine were synergistic for 96 (61.5%) strains compared with 101 (64.7%) with nalidixic acid plus kanamycin (P less than 0.01) and 85 (54.5%) with nalidixic acid plus erythromycin (P less than 0.001). These data suggest these combinations as possible effective tools in clinical trials, especially directed toward high level resistant urinary tract pathogens. PMID- 6532537 TI - In vitro evaluation of the antimycotic activity of a thiophene derivative. AB - The antifungal activity of the protiofate, a molecule derived from thiophene, was determined in vitro. For the testing, we determined the MIC values of 63 fungal strains (27 yeasts, 36 filamentous fungi, 14 of which were dermatophytes) at different pH values and different inoculum sizes. The comparison was made with econazole and clotrimazole. The results indicate that protiofate has good inhibitory activity vs yeasts at pH 7 and that it is active on filamentous fungi at pH 6.5 and 7. PMID- 6532538 TI - Open study on the antidiarrhoeal effectiveness of the L 105 compound. AB - The therapeutical effectiveness of L 105, a new drug preparation exhibiting antidiarrhoeal activity and containing Rifaxidin, was tested on 22 patients with acute gastroenteric syndrome of bacterial aetiology. In all patients there was a prompt restoration of intestinal function by the 2nd treatment day. Both local and systemic drug tolerance proved to be good in all cases. PMID- 6532539 TI - Prevention and management of urinary tract infections following endoscopic and urological surgery using one dose daily of tobramycin. AB - The therapeutic activity of a single dose of 150 mg of tobramycin, parenteral administration, was studied in the prophylaxis of urinary tract infection (UTI) postoperative or postendoscopic. This study incorporated 85 patients of both sexes ranging in age from 18-91 years; 20 had had previous UTI. Duration of therapy ranged from 5 to 15 days and was determined by clinical response; 70 of 85 patients clinically observed achieved excellent results, 10 good and 5 moderate. In 5 cases persistent asymptomatic bacteriuria recurred, indicating incomplete eradication of the microorganism. Results of data showed the clinical efficacy, safety and tolerance of tobramycin, in one dose only, in the prophylaxis of UTI posturological surgery, as well as its easy administration and limited cost. PMID- 6532541 TI - Inflammatory breast carcinoma: results from sixteen patients treated with chemo radiotherapy and surgery. AB - Inflammatory breast carcinoma is a dramatic tumour with a five-year survival rate of almost 3%. Various therapeutic approaches have been made for this neoplasia: surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy, alone or in combination. The best results were obtained with the use of a multidisciplinary approach. The authors developed a treatment in which chemotherapy and radiotherapy, together with surgery, are used. After three cycles of CMF (cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, 5-fluorouracil) the patients with partial remission, no change or disease progression were changed to adriamycin + vincristine plus radiotherapy. Surgery was performed on patients with complete remission or partial remission after chemo-radiotherapy. After surgery, maintenance chemotherapy was used with the more active drugs. The actuarial survival rate at 5 years was 30.65% and median survival 34 months. PMID- 6532540 TI - 2-Methyl-9-hydroxyellipticinium acetate (ellipticinium) in the treatment of lymphomas. Preliminary results of a phase II study. AB - Eighteen patients with advanced refractory lymphomas were treated with 2-methyl hydroxyellipticinium (ellipticinium); there were 14 non-Hodgkin's (NHL) and 4 Hodgkin's lymphomas (HL). Ellipticinium was administered at the dose of 100 mg/m2 daily for 3 days i.v. with courses repeated at 3 week intervals. Preliminary results indicate some antitumor activity of the drug against NHL with minimal toxicity. Of the 16 evaluable patients 1 partial remission and 7 minor responses were noted among the NHL (65%). Myelosuppression was minimal and clinical toxicity was mild. Further evaluation of this drug in untreated patients appears to be warranted. PMID- 6532542 TI - Antibacterial activity of gentamicin in urine and tryptose phosphate broth. AB - Antibacterial activity of gentamicin against 50 strains of Gram-negative bacteria was tested by recording the total number of viable cells in time course studies in tryptose phosphate broth (TPB) and urine derived from normal subjects. The antibacterial activity of gentamicin against a variety of Gram-negative bacteria including Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa increases proportionally with pH when TPB is used. The acidic reaction of TPB (pH5) results in an impaired activity of gentamicin against Enterobacteriaceae but not Pseudomonas aeruginosa, when the drug was added at a final concentration of 50 micrograms/ml. When this broth was buffered to pH 6 the bacterial activity of gentamicin was expressed even when the drug was added at lower concentrations (10 micrograms/ml). The same phenomenon as described above was observed when normal urine instead of TBP was used for the determination of the killing rate of bacteria. However in that case killing time was longer. When gentamicin was added in acidic urine (pH5) at a concentration of 50 micrograms/ml no activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa was noted. Lower concentrations of gentamicin (10 micrograms/ml) were inactive when the antibacterial activity was studied by using normal urine adjusted to various pHs (5, 5.5 and 6). PMID- 6532543 TI - Resistance to inactivating bacterial enzymes of different cephalosporins and in vitro activity. AB - The susceptibility in vitro of aerobic bacteria to cefoxitin and other cephalosporins was determined. The strains were isolated from clinical specimens during 1979 and 1983. The in vitro activity of cefoxitin and other antibiotics against anaerobic bacteria was investigated. The resistance of 5 cephalosporins to inactivating enzymes of bacterial origin was compared. PMID- 6532544 TI - Macrolide antibiotics and serum theophylline levels in relation to the severity of respiratory impairment: a comparison between the effects of erythromycin and josamycin. AB - Ten patients with exacerbated chronic asthmatic bronchitis, subdivided into two groups on the basis of respiratory failure, were treated with theophylline ethylendiamine administered by continuous venous infusion (0.7 mg/kg/hr over a period of 132 hrs). The aim of the study was the evaluation of serum theophylline levels during administration of erythromycin or josamycin (500 mg q.i.d. orally for 48) hours). An increase of theophylline levels was registered during erythromycin treatment in the group of patients with greater impairment of the respiratory function, while in the other group no significant change was observed. During josamycin treatment serum theophylline concentrations did not show any increase in both groups and, moreover, a significant reduction (p less than 0.05) was observed in the more seriously ill patients. PMID- 6532546 TI - Peptide hormones, biomembranes and cell growth. Abstracts. PMID- 6532547 TI - Deoxyribonucleic acid modification by mutagenic 3-amino-1-methyl-5H-pyrido[4,3 b]indole: the chemical events. PMID- 6532545 TI - Etoposide by oral route in the treatment of unresectable non-small cell lung cancer. AB - Twenty patients with unresectable non-small cell lung cancer (10 squamous cell carcinoma, 7 adenocarcinoma, 3 large cell carcinoma), previously untreated, received etoposide 300 mg/m2 by oral route days 1-3-5 every three weeks. No complete or partial remissions were observed but only two minor responses. There were 7 stable diseases and 11 progressive diseases. Myelosuppression activity was usually mild and gastro-intestinal side effects were the most prominent. In this trial etoposide by oral route has shown only marginal activity against non-small cell lung cancer. PMID- 6532548 TI - Studies on antidiabetic agents. VI. Asymmetric transformation of (+/-)-5-[4-(1 methylcyclohexylmethoxy)benzyl]-2,4- thiazolidinedione(ciglitazone) with optically active 1-phenylethylamines. PMID- 6532550 TI - Studies on antihemorrhagic substances in herbs classified as hemostatics in Chinese medicine. III. On the antihemorrhagic principle in Sanguisorba officinallis L. PMID- 6532549 TI - Synthesis and structure-activity study of protease inhibitors. III. Amidinophenols and their benzoyl esters. PMID- 6532551 TI - Stimulation of the lipogenic pathway in ginsenoside-Rb2 treated rats. PMID- 6532552 TI - Effect of orally administered rhubarb extract in rats with chronic renal failure. PMID- 6532553 TI - Effect of protein-bound polysaccharide (PS-K) on microtubule proteins. III. Some properties of PS-K inhibition of microtubule polymerization and the site of its action. PMID- 6532554 TI - The interaction between water and cephalexin in the crystalline and noncrystalline states. PMID- 6532555 TI - Effect of simultaneous administration of drugs on absorption and excretion. XVIII. Differential effects of oral and rectal administration of chloral hydrate on the gastrointestinal absorption of sulfisoxazole in rabbits. PMID- 6532556 TI - Interaction of medicinals and porous powder. I. Anomalous thermal behavior of porous glass mixtures. PMID- 6532557 TI - A kinin-generating amidase activated by trypsin in rat urine. PMID- 6532558 TI - Gastrointestinal ulcerogenic activity of tolmetin sodium in rats in comparison with those of indomethacin and aspirin. PMID- 6532560 TI - Amino acids and peptides. XI. Synthesis of attractant and repellent peptides for Aedes aegypti and Blattella germanica. PMID- 6532559 TI - Amino acids and peptides. XII. Synthesis of C-terminal decapeptide of bovine pancreatic ribonuclease A (RNase A) and its analogs and determination of their ability to reactivate Des(121-124) RNase A. PMID- 6532561 TI - Sparsomycin analogs. III. Synthesis and biological activities of (E)-beta-(6 methyluracil-5-yl)acrylic acid derivatives. PMID- 6532562 TI - Biological actions of the natural coumarins. I. Changes of lipids and glucose levels in rat plasma after intraperitoneal administration of various linear-type furanocoumarins. PMID- 6532563 TI - Synthesis of new antineoplastic prostaglandins. PMID- 6532564 TI - Regional distribution and elimination kinetics of imipramine in rat brain. PMID- 6532565 TI - Evidence that the zymogen of phospholipase A2 binds to a negatively charged lipid water interface. AB - Evidence is presented that the zymogen of porcine pancreatic phospholipase A2 (prophospholipase A2) interacts with a lipid-water interface provided that the interface has a net negative surface charge. Fluorescence spectroscopy and non equilibrium gel filtration indicate that binding of prophospholipase A2 (proPLA) to mixed detergent micelles is dependent on the presence of an anionic detergent. Prophospholipase binding is accompanied by a change in the environment of the single tryptophan residue qualitatively similar to that observed when the active enzyme, phospholipase A2 (PLA), binds to micelles. In addition, the rate of tryptic activation of prophospholipase is significantly reduced in the presence of negatively-charged mixed micelles, whereas no change in rate occurs when neutral micelles are present. These observations suggest that the lack of catalytic activity of the zymogen toward organized substrates carrying a negative surface charge cannot be explained by a failure to bind at the lipid-water interface. PMID- 6532566 TI - In vitro modification of the chemical composition of human plasma low density lipoproteins: effects of morphology and thermal properties. AB - The effects of enzymatic action on human low density lipoproteins (LDL) occurring during in vitro incubation of plasma have been studied by chemical analysis, analytical ultracentrifugation, negative stain electron microscopy and X-ray small angle scattering. Chemically, the action of cholesteryl ester exchange and transfer proteins(s) (CEPT) leads to a relative increase in trigylcerides at the expense of cholesteryl esters. Morphologically, the particles maintain their characteristic features detectable by X-ray small angel scattering. Additional action of lecithin/cholesterol acyl transferase (LCAT) causes mainly a decrease in polar lipid contents and a reduction in particle size. The associated changes in the thermotropic transition were found to be strongly correlated to the triglyceride/cholesteryl ester ratio. PMID- 6532567 TI - Fluorescence quenching by iodide ions of low density lipoproteins from normolipidemic and hypercholesterolemic type IIa subjects. Effect of low density lipoprotein-cholesterol and low density lipoprotein non-apolipoprotein-B. AB - In order to evaluate the effect of hypercholesterolemia on the surface properties of low density lipoproteins (LDL), the quenching by iodide ions of the native fluorescence of human plasma LDL was studied on normolipidemic and hypercholesterolemic type IIa subjects. A significant difference (P less than 0.001) was found between these two groups (20 patients with type IIa hyperlipoproteinemia, 18 normolipidemic subjects). Furthermore, the fluorescence quenching (F0-F1)/F0 (F0 and F1 fluorescence intensity respectively in the absence and in the presence of iodide ions is negatively correlated with the relative LDL-cholesterol level (LDL-cholesterol/LDL-apoprotein). In contrast, this quenching is positively correlated with the relative LDL-non-apo-B level (LDL-non-apo-B/LDL apo). It is suggested that the greater the LDL-cholesterol level, the more embedded are the tryptophyl residues in the hydrophobic core. In contrast, the greater the LDL-non-apo-B level, the more exposed are the tryptophyl to the aqueous environment. Thus, a significant conformation change of the superficial apolipoproteins occurs, which could affect the immunological properties of the LDL and their affinity to the LDL receptors. PMID- 6532568 TI - Chemical synthesis of 4,4'-dimethyl-7-oxygenated sterols. Inhibitors of 3-hydroxy 3-methylglutaryl reductase. AB - The chemical syntheses of 4,4'-dimethylcholest-5-en-3 beta-ol-7-one, 4,4' dimethylcholest-5-ene-3 beta, 7 beta-diol and 4,4'-dimethylcholest-5-ene-3 beta, 7 alpha-diol are described. All of these compounds were found to be potent inhibitors of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl (HMG-CoA) reductase activity in cultured mouse L cells. The synthetic scheme developed in this study utilizes commercial cholesterol as the starting material and provides a simplified method for the preparation of 4,4'-dimethyl-7-oxygenated steroids. PMID- 6532569 TI - Assessment of the nutritional status of Nigerian rural children and mothers' perceptions of quality of life. AB - One hundred and fourteen preschool school children and their 30 mothers from three selected villages in Ile-Ife, Nigeria were assessed for nutritional status using selected and sensitive anthropometric techniques. The mothers' dietary patterns, their perceptions as to components of a good quality of life, infants' immunization status and major cause of infant death were also examined. Approximately 56% of the children and 80% of the women were identified to be suffering from mild to moderate malnutrition. The major cause of infant death as reported by the mothers was high fever and convulsion. Practically all the children under 3 years had not received any form of immunization. Ability to have plenty of children, good health and money, were highly perceived as measures of essential components of quality of life by all the mothers, while 20% listed good feeding, housing, clothing, and only 7% listed potable water. The need for effective health services, regular home visits, supplementary feeding programmes for school children and an effective health education campaign on the importance of immunization and nutrition for rural people are discussed. The training of agricultural extension workers in the use of simple anthropometric techniques to identify covert malnutrition is also highlighted. PMID- 6532570 TI - Vision testing of young children in the age range 18 months to 4 1/2 years. AB - Four hundred and twenty-five normal children in the age range 18 months to 4 1/2 years have been studied to determine the percentage of children according to age who can be expected to cooperate in a letter-matching vision test using a key card; to see whether the use of plastic letters to replace the key card lowers the age at which a letter-matching test can be achieved, and to show that children in this age range can do a vision test at 20ft (6m). Acceptance of occlusion using a patch occluder was also examined. The study shows that children effectively begin to cooperate in letter-matching vision tests using a key card from 33 months of age. Replacement of the key card with plastic letters lowers the age to 30 months and thereafter there is a gain of some 25% of children up to 39 months. All children were successfully tested at 20ft (6m). The most difficult age for occlusion was in the age group around the second birthday. PMID- 6532571 TI - Symposium on neuropeptides and blood pressure control. Heidelberg, Federal Republic of Germany, June 12-14, 1984. PMID- 6532572 TI - Angiotensin II in plasma of Pekin ducks: its concentration after adaptation to freshwater and saltwater. PMID- 6532573 TI - Inhibition of central angiotensin II induced drinking by GABA in the rat. PMID- 6532574 TI - Angiotensin I forms a high molecular weight complex in serum from pregnant women. PMID- 6532575 TI - Angiotensinogen in rat cerebrospinal fluid. PMID- 6532576 TI - Role of the baroreceptor-reflex in the mediation of responses following central angiotensin II administration. PMID- 6532577 TI - What is the role of the AV3V region in the production of the neurogenic actions of angiotensin II in the dog? PMID- 6532578 TI - A role for central angiotensin in regulation of blood pressure at the nucleus tractus solitarius. PMID- 6532579 TI - Brain angiotensin in spontaneously hypertensive rats characterized by HPLC and molecular sieving. PMID- 6532580 TI - Differential effects of vasopressin (AVP) and oxytocin (OXT) on the baroreceptor reflex in conscious rats. AB - In conscious chronically instrumented, male Wistar rats the intracisternal (ic) administration of AVP (10ng) caused an increase in baroreflex sensitivity in response to both a rise and fall in blood pressure induced by intravenous phenylephrine (1/ug) and sodium nitroprusside (13/ug) respectively. Conversely a synthetic OXT analogue (Thr4 - Gly7) OXT (10ng) injected ic depressed baroreceptor reflex function. It appears that AVP and OXT are involved in the central connections of the baroreceptor reflex arc, where they may act as physiological antagonists. PMID- 6532581 TI - Is Metenkephalin responsible for the baroreflex dysfunction of chronic uraemics? PMID- 6532582 TI - Different cardiovascular responses to central and peripheral stimulation of AVP receptors. PMID- 6532583 TI - Neurohypophysial peptides and central cardiovascular control in the anaesthetized dog. PMID- 6532584 TI - Electrochemical measurement of neurohypophyseal peptide levels in rat hypothalamic regions after adrenalectomy. PMID- 6532585 TI - RIA for plasma AVP: development and application to physiological states. PMID- 6532587 TI - Effects of calcium antagonists on central pressor and dipsogenic activities of angiotensin II in rats. PMID- 6532586 TI - Skin blood flow and cigarette smoking: the role of vasopressin. AB - In a study carried-out in double-blind fashion it was possible to demonstrate that skin vasoconstriction induced by cigarette smoking in normal volunteers is due to a concomitant enhancement of arginine vasopressin release. The skin blood flow reduction occurring after smoking was indeed more pronounced in the subjects reaching the highest levels of arginine vasopressin and this effect was curtailed by the administration of a specific vasopressin antagonist acting at the vascular site. PMID- 6532588 TI - Studies of the central cardiovascular and dipsogenic effects of angiotensin II in the rat. PMID- 6532590 TI - Effect of denervation on the leucine-enkephalin content of the adrenal gland of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP). AB - Enkephalins are known to inhibit the release of catecholamines from sympathetic nerve endings. Thus a difference in their turnover rate between SHRSP and normotensive rats (WKY) could contribute to the altered sympathetic activity in SHRSP. One week after denervation which inhibits release of leucine-enkephalin (L ENK), but not synthesis and processing of the L-ENK precursor, L-ENK increased with the same relative extent in both strains of rats, starting from a lower basal concentration in 7 weeks old SHRSP. In adult rats there was no difference between SHRSP and WKY before and after denervation respectively. It is concluded that the lower content of L-ENK in young SHRSP is caused by an increased release. PMID- 6532589 TI - Hemodynamic effects of angiotensin II and bradykinin infused intraventricularly in conscious dogs. PMID- 6532591 TI - Potential role of met-enkephalin in short term regulation of blood pressure in anesthetized rabbits. PMID- 6532592 TI - Opposite effects exist in cardiovascular control after central and peripheral administration of calcitonin (CT) and parathyroid hormone (PTH). PMID- 6532593 TI - Cardiovascular effects of the hog pineal E5 peptide in rats. PMID- 6532594 TI - Extended forms of brain angiotensins and other peptide hormones. PMID- 6532596 TI - Alteration of the pattern of pressure changes during sleep of rats with overactivity of the renin-angiotensin system. PMID- 6532595 TI - Arterial hypotension at elevated plasma levels of Na+, ADH and AII in ducks with high chronic salt intake. PMID- 6532598 TI - Central and regional hemodynamics during the acute onset of renal hypertension in rats. AB - The purpose of this study was to quantitate the regional changes in flow and resistance which occur during the acute onset of two-kidney, one clip renal hypertension. Anesthetized rats were implanted with a Doppler flow probe and balloon occluder on one renal artery. To produce acute hypertension, the occluder was inflated to reduce renal flow velocity by 50%. After 90 minutes, mean arterial pressure increased 25% above the prestenosis control period value as a result of a 22% increase in peripheral resistance. Regional flows and resistances were determined prior to and 90 minutes after renal artery stenosis by injection of labelled microspheres into the left ventricle. Our major findings were that: 1) the regional hemodynamic changes in flow and resistance are unevenly distributed among individual organs; and 2) the major site of increased resistance resides in the splanchnic circulation with the largest increases occurring in the small intestine. PMID- 6532597 TI - Two introns define functional domains of a neuropeptide precursor in Aplysia. AB - Biologically active peptides are synthesized as parts of precursor proteins which are proteolytically processed to generate active molecules. The structure of the gene encoding peptides expressed in Aplysia neurons R3-14 suggests that two intervening sequences split the transcript into functional domains. The first exon encodes the 5' untranslated region, the second exon the signal sequence and the bulk of the negative charge of the precursor protein while the third exon encodes the remainder of the precursor and the 3' untranslated region. PMID- 6532599 TI - Increased serum glycosidase activity in human hypertension. AB - Compared to values obtained in healthy normotensive control subjects, the serum activity of the lysosomal enzymes N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) and beta glucuronidase, was found to be elevated in patients with mild or borderline hypertension. The serum activity of the cytosolic enzyme lactate dehydrogenase was the same in the two groups. Serum NAG activity in hypertension was inversely correlated with glomerular filtration rate and renal plasma flow. Because of the greater variability of beta-glucuronidase activity, there were no such correlations between the serum levels of this enzyme and the measurements of renal function. PMID- 6532600 TI - Increased osmotic fragility of erythrocytes in essential hypertension. AB - The correlation between hypertension and the osmotic fragility of erythrocytes was examined. High osmotic fragility of erythrocytes was observed in patients with essential hypertension and normotensive subjects with family history of hypertension, compared with normotensive controls without family history of hypertension. In patients with secondary hypertension, the osmotic fragility of erythrocytes was not significantly different from that of normotensive controls without family history of hypertension. The membrane fragility had no correlation with the level of blood pressure or dietary salt intake. Thus, the osmotic fragility of erythrocytes might reflect functional or structural abnormalities of cell membranes, and could be one of the genetic markers of the hypertensive predisposition. PMID- 6532601 TI - Study of the interrelationship between dopaminergic activity and potassium ion. AB - The present study was designed to examine the interrelationship between dopaminergic neuron activity and potassium ion in the normotensive elderly subjects with a stable physical condition. Potassium chloride loaded intravenously (40mEq/day) in 5 subjects increased urinary excretions of Na (p less than 0.01) and dopamine. Furosemide administered orally (20mg/day) in 5 subjects increased urinary excretions of Na (p less than 0.05), dopamine (p less than 0.01) and K. Spironolactone administered orally (75mg/day) in 5 subjects brought an increase of urinary excretion of Na and a decrease of urinary excretions of K and dopamine, although these changes were not statistically significant. Metoclopramide, a dopamine antagonist, administered orally (15mg/day) in 5 subjects brought about a tendency of decrease in urinary excretions of Na and K. Between urinary amounts of K and dopamine, a positive correlation (gamma = 0.702, p less than 0.001, n = 22) was recognized. From these results, the change of the excretion of dopamine seemed to be parallel with that of K, and therefore it is suggested that a mechanism involved in the excretion of dopamine into the urine has a close relationship with that excreting K. The possible mechanisms are discussed. PMID- 6532603 TI - Abnormal leucocyte sodium transport in Chinese patients with essential hypertension and their normotensive offsprings. AB - We studied changes in intracellular electrolytes and the rate constant of 22Na efflux from isolated leucocytes in Chinese patients with essential hypertension and their normotensive offsprings. The hypertensives had an increase of sodium content and a reduction of the total or ouabain-sensitive 22Na efflux from leucocytes. The normotensives born of hypertensive parents showed lower sodium content, higher potassium content and reduced rate constant of ouabain insensitive 22Na efflux from leucocytes. The results suggest that the inhibition of cell sodium pump activity may be a marker of essential hypertension. Abnormal cell sodium transport observed in normotensives with family history of hypertension may have some etiological linking with the inheritance of hypertension. PMID- 6532602 TI - Age related changes of catecholamines and their metabolites in central nervous system regions of spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) and normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats. AB - Adrenaline (A), dopamine (DA), noradrenaline (NA) the NA metabolite 3,4 dihydroxyphenylethylene-glycol (DHPG) and the DA metabolite 3,4 dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) were assayed in brain regions of male and female WKY and SHR at 6, 14, 28 and 36-40 weeks. Age related differences in catecholamine levels between the two strains were only seen with NA measurements. DOPAC levels were elevated in the striatum of SHR compared to WKY rats at all ages studied which might reflect the known hyperactivity of SHR strain. In the SHR NA but not DHPG levels in several regions, DA and DOPAC levels in midbrain and DA levels in lower brainstem were elevated at 6 weeks of age. These changes may represent a generalized alteration in central catecholamine metabolism in SHR during the early development of hypertension or merely reflect strain differences. It is emphasised that further genetic studies of F2 backcross rats are required to establish an aetiological association between these differences in catechol levels and differences in blood pressure between SHR and WKY rats. PMID- 6532604 TI - Nasal mucociliary clearance in hairdressers: correlation to exposure to hair spray. AB - It has previously been demonstrated that hair spray sprayed onto the hair of experimental subjects reduces the mucociliary transport in the trachea and nose. Ladies hairdressers are exposed to the effects of hair spray throughout the whole working day, and we therefore investigated the nasal mucociliary transport of 60 hairdressers and 15 control subjects before and after a working day by the saccharin method. We found a significant reduction in the mucociliary transport of the ladies hairdressers during the working day (P less than 0.001), but not in control subjects. The reduction in mucociliary transport could be correlated to the amount of hair spray applied by the individual hairdresser to the hair of the customer during the day. PMID- 6532605 TI - Estimation of the slope of the audiogram with the auditory brain stem response. AB - A practical procedure is described for obtaining frequency specific information with the auditory brain stem response (ABR). ABR thresholds were determined with a 4 kHz sine wave and with a 1 kHz sine wave combined with high pass filtered masking noise (cut-off 2 kHz). The differences between these 2 thresholds were compared with the slopes of the tonal audiogram, in a sample of 30 ears with various kinds of perceptive hearing loss. The test is in conformity with the theoretical knowledge about the ABR, and can be performed in routine practice. PMID- 6532606 TI - Clinical and bacteriological studies in otitis externa in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. AB - The symptoms and signs as well as the bacterial flora from the auditory canals of 54 Tanzanian patients (74 ears) living in Dar es Salaam and suffering from otitis externa were studied. Itching and pain were the most common symptoms and erythema and secretion were the prevalent clinical findings. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was found in 38%, Aspergillus in 24%, Staphylococcus aureus in 18% and Candida albicans in 14%. Bacterial cultures from the auditory canals of 21 healthy subjects revealed only normal skin flora. PMID- 6532607 TI - Surgeon's workshop. Treatment of auricular haematoma by suction drainage. AB - The various techniques available for the management of auricular haematoma are reviewed and discussed. A modification of existing methods of treatment employing vacuum drainage is described. This method used in six cases resulted in a satisfactory cosmetic appearance. PMID- 6532608 TI - Review. Six years experience of Plastipore. AB - A 6 year personal experience in the performance of Plastipore prostheses in middle ear reconstruction is presented. The good hearing results at 12 months are not maintained with TORPs or PORPs and 41.6% have been rejected. Better results are obtained with a tube prosthesis between a mobile malleus and stapes. The use of TORP and PORP has now been abandoned in favour of ossicles or homograft cartilage. PMID- 6532609 TI - A comparison of transtympanic and ear canal recorded electrocochleography in clinical practice. PMID- 6532610 TI - Immunologic studies in patients with Takayasu's arteritis. II. Effects of serum on lymphocyte functions in vitro. AB - Natural lymphocytotoxic antibodies, circulating immune complexes and their effect on in vitro blast transformation of normal cells were studied in 24 patients with Takayasu's arteritis. Sera with Takayasu's arteritis lacked lymphocytotoxic antibodies, had an inhibitory effect on the formation of EA and EAC rosettes and interfered with normal lymphocyte function in vitro. The absence of lymphocytotoxic antibodies, together with the other epidemiological and histocompatibility studies, would support the notion that Takayasu's arteritis and temporal arteritis are two distinct entities. PMID- 6532611 TI - Erythroblastic islands in the bone marrow of rheumatoid arthritis with anaemia. AB - An increase of erythroblastic islands with recognizable central macrophages was observed in bone marrow of six rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients suffering from anaemia. Since erythroblastic islands are more prominent in anaemic conditions associated with ineffective erythropoiesis, it is possible that this morphological finding might be an expression of the increased ineffective erythropoiesis observed in RA patients with anaemia. PMID- 6532612 TI - Spherulite crystals in synovial tissue of a patient with recurrent monoarthritis. AB - Frozen, unstained sections of synovial tissue of a 38-year-old man with recurrent monoarthritis and hyperuricemia were studied. Negatively birefringent crystals in a spherulite form were detected by using a compensated polarized light microscope. It is postulated that in some cases of gout the first stage of crystallization is in the spherulite form. PMID- 6532613 TI - Vasculitis as a presenting manifestation of primary biliary cirrhosis: a case report. AB - The association of vasculitis and asymptomatic primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) was documented in a 39 year old female. Cyclophosphamide was used with good results. The Raji cell assay for circulating immune complexes (CIC) was positive initially with further values changing in parallel with disease activity. The C1q binding assay failed to reveal significant levels of CIC at any time. Lymphocytotoxic antibodies were not detected in the serum. Sucrose density ultra centrifugation experiments revealed 9-17S material in sera that were positive for CIC by the Raji cell assay. We conclude that intermediate size CIC may be important in the pathogenesis of the vasculitis associated with PBC. PMID- 6532614 TI - Acute leukaemia related to chlorambucil therapy for juvenile chronic arthritis. AB - We report the case history of a boy with juvenile chronic arthritis, complicated by amyloidosis, who was treated with chlorambucil. He later developed an acute leukaemia and died. The published reports of malignancies developing in children following the use of this drug are reviewed and it was seen from these that cytotoxic drugs should be reserved for treating the life threatening complications of non-malignant diseases of childhood. PMID- 6532615 TI - Patients, physicians, and unproven remedies. AB - Chronic arthritis management is complicated by patient administered unproven treatments. Disease, patient, and physician characteristics all contribute to this problem. Physicians must understand the complex cultural, sociological and psychological variables which encourage the use of unproven treatments. Part of any therapeutic regimen for chronic arthritis should include physician awareness and patient education regarding unproven treatments. PMID- 6532616 TI - Colchicine: should we still use it? PMID- 6532618 TI - Muscle pathology in ankylosing spondylitis. AB - The results of histological, histochemical and electron microscopic study of the muscular involvement in eight patients with Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS) are described. Muscle tissue from all these patients showed gross abnormalities of the sacrospinalis muscle, which had a 'targetoid core' appearance common to several myopathic and neurological diseases. In our opinion, there is always constant and early involvement of this muscle in AS. Several factors associated with the disease (chronic inflammation, multiple enthesopathies, muscle stiffness and bone lesions) could be responsible for this not fully understood aspect of AS. They may lead to a non specific damage of the nervous and/or muscular components of the spine in these patients. PMID- 6532617 TI - Serotonin induced platelet aggregation in systemic sclerosis. AB - We studied in vitro platelet aggregation response to serotonin in 19 patients with systemic sclerosis and 18 matched controls. Individuals with early systemic sclerosis had increased % platelet aggregation at 3 minutes over a wide range of serotonin concentrations when compared to individuals with late systemic sclerosis. Patients with generalized disease did not differ from those with limited disease. No significant differences in initial slope of platelet aggregation were detected in any patient subgroup. These data support previous studies suggesting platelet activation in systemic sclerosis and further suggest that future studies of platelet abnormalities in systemic sclerosis should consider the effects of disease duration. PMID- 6532619 TI - Tophaceous gout in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - Coexistent gout and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) has been reported rarely, below the expected incidence even when adjusted for the discordance of age and sex of the affected populations. It is possible that SLE prevents expression of gout, or vice-versa. Review of the reported cases suggests that SLE is likely to be inactive and serum complement normal when gout is active. Lack of awareness of the possibility of gout and concurrent treatment with corticosteroids and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs may prevent recognition of gout in many patients with SLE. PMID- 6532620 TI - Clinical features, scintiscan characteristics and X-ray progression of late onset rheumatoid arthritis. AB - The clinical features, serology behaviour, scintiscan characteristics and the degree of X-ray progression according to the disease duration were compared in two RA groups with a disease onset after 65 years of age (LORA) and before 65 (EORA) respectively. No differences emerged in either the clinical findings or in the scintiscan picture. A sub-group of LORA showed acute flares of the illness presenting with very high ESR values and high fever. The erosive index (EI) evaluated in three areas (carpal-bone and wrist, MCP and PIP joints) revealed an undistinguishable degree of X-ray damage either in seropositive or seronegative patients, whereas seropositive EORA fared clearly worse than seronegative ones. A prospective study in two small sub-groups of LORA and EORA revealed a progression of X-ray erosions despite second line drug treatment in both groups, especially in LORA. PMID- 6532621 TI - Fatal colchicine toxicity: report of a case. AB - This report describes fatal colchicine toxicity occurring after a total dose of 9.3 mg. The reaction was characterized by leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, hypotension. disseminated intravascular coagulation and metabolic acidosis. Autopsy findings included a markedly hypocellular bone marrow, epithelial atypia of the trachea and esophagus, mid-zonal hepatic necrosis, sepsis and small vessel occlusion by fibrin thrombi. Possible mechanisms of colchicine toxicity are discussed. PMID- 6532622 TI - Marrow aplasia following colchicine treatment for gouty arthritis. AB - A 69-year-old man was given 8 mg of colchicine intravenously to treat an acute attack of gout. A maintenance dose of 2 mg/day of oral colchicine was then used to prevent recurrence. Three months later, the patient developed thrombocytopenia, followed by leukopenia and then by anemia at three and four months distance, respectively. The patient had shown no signs of acute toxicity with intravenous colchicine, but liver enzymes were raised after two months of oral treatment. The sequential involvement of the three blood precursor lines, in the order to their physiological half-lives, suggests direct toxicity, rather than idiosyncrasy, due to slow accumulation of the drug within target cells. The prophylactic use of colchicine, especially in the elderly, is questioned. PMID- 6532623 TI - A preliminary analysis of the membrane proteins of arthritis-causing Yersinia. AB - The outer membrane proteins (OMP) of fifteen strains of Yersinia were separated from the inner membrane (IMP) and intracytoplasmic (ICP) proteins. The molecular composition of these fractions was then analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The OMP of all fifteen strains exhibited a uniform pattern markedly distinct from the IMP and ICP. There was, however, heterogeneity in the OMP among the various bacteria, based on the apparent molecular weights of several of the major proteins. The two most prominent major proteins are easily distinguished because their apparent molecular weights varied substantially depending on the temperature at which the membranes were solubilized. Using the apparent molecular weights of these two proteins as a basis for comparison, the Yersinia organisms of serotype 3 presented a unique electrophoretic pattern, different from those of non-serotype 3 Yersinia organisms. Four of the nine serotype 3 organisms analyzed here were isolated from patients who developed arthritis subsequent to infection. However, no obviously unique features could be distinguished. A major focus of research effort is currently being devoted to the examination of the immune response generated against the Yersinia organisms by patients with Yersinia-induced arthritis. Most of the studies, so far, have utilized whole bacteria as the antigens. The data presented in this paper provide the basis of future analysis of such immune responses to individual molecules of Yersinia. PMID- 6532625 TI - The grotesque digit. PMID- 6532624 TI - Coexistence of muscle anomalies and rheumatoid arthritis in patients with carpal tunnel syndrome. AB - During a five-year period, surgical release of the carpal tunnel was performed on 150 patients with median nerve compression. Seventeen (11%) had rheumatoid arthritis. Among this subgroup, six patients had anomalous muscles in the wrist and proximal palm. An additional patient with psoriatic arthritis demonstrated a comparable abnormality. No other patients in this series had similar findings. This statistically highly significant occurrence is probably related to additive effects of the two disorders in producing median nerve compression. PMID- 6532626 TI - Neurologic involvement as first sign of Behcet's syndrome. PMID- 6532627 TI - On colchicine toxicity. PMID- 6532628 TI - Diagnosis of myocardial infarction from serum creatine kinase MB isoenzyme (CKMB) measurement. AB - The cardiospecific isoenzyme MB of creatine kinase (CKMB) has previously been shown to be of value in the diagnosis of myocardial infarction (MI). We studied 418 admissions to a coronary care unit (CCU) with suspected MI and calculated the sensitivity, specificity and positive and negative predictive values for several CKMB test functions. Several functions performed better than any combination of the other enzymes in common use. 97% of patients achieving a CKMB activity of at least 15 U/l did so between 6 and 30 h following the onset of symptoms. The present study confirms that the use of the CKMB isoenzyme leads to an earlier and more accurate diagnosis or exclusion of MI compared to the "cardiac enzyme series". The timing of blood sampling for CKMB estimation is also discussed. PMID- 6532630 TI - Listeriosis. Systemic infection due to Listeria monocytogenes. Proceedings of a symposium. Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada, June 1983. PMID- 6532631 TI - An ongoing problem: perinatal infection due to Listeria monocytogenes, an old pathogen reborn. PMID- 6532629 TI - Gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) and hepatic bile flow in the adult rat. AB - Hepatic bile canalicular membranes undergo active rhythmic contractions that may be important in the movement of bile through the hepatic biliary system (Science 212: 1041-1042, 1981). The agent(s) responsible for mediating these contractions is not known. We documented the in vivo effect of gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA), a potent amino acid neurotransmitter, on hepatic bile flow in two groups of adult male rats. One group (six animals) received 0.5 mumoles/kg/min and the other 50.0 mumoles/kg/min of a GABA-3H-GABA intravenous mixture. Serum and bile concentrations of GABA, 3H-GABA and 3H-metabolites of GABA were determined during the course of each GABA infusion period. Rats infused under identical experimental conditions with either L-alanine or saline served as controls. Serum GABA levels reached 30 and 250 times pre-infusion concentrations during the GABA infusion periods. Hepatic bile flow and electrolytes, however, remained unaltered. Alanine also had no effect on hepatic bile flow. Intact 3H-GABA and 3H metabolites of GABA appeared promptly in bile with maximum excretion rates occurring during the 0-15 min and 30-45 min bile collection periods respectively. These results indicate that, in addition to GABA uptake and metabolism, the liver is also involved in the excretion of GABA into bile. The results do not, however, support the hypothesis that GABA is the neurotransmitter agent responsible for mediating bile canalicular membrane contractions in the adult rat hepatocyte. PMID- 6532632 TI - Modern taxonomy of the Listeria group relationship to its pathogenicity. AB - Listeria monocytogenes is divided into serovars 1-7 (including subserovars) which belong to several genospecies as determined by gene homology studies. At least two of the five genomic species of L. monocytogenes are avirulent and cannot be separated by serological analysis from virulent strains. During the past two decades, several thousand Listeria strains have been analysed by the reference laboratory of the Institute of Hygiene in Wurzburg, Germany. A study of the origin of the strains and their association with disease in animals and man in conjunction with biochemical and serological methods, allowed the separation of at least one group which is apathogenic and non-virulent to laboratory animals under ordinary test conditions. This apathogenic species, L. innocua should be separated from L. monocytogenes when Listeria-like strains are isolated from environmental sources. PMID- 6532633 TI - Dynamics of Listeria monocytogenes type 4b infection in pregnant and infant rats. AB - In order to examine the dynamics of perinatal listeriosis, we established a rat model of infection using a strain of Listeria monocytogenes type 4b isolated from a human newborn infant. When injected subcutaneously, the median lethal dose (LD50) to the organism was lower for pregnant than nonpregnant animals (10(8) vs 10(9) colony forming units [cfu]). Susceptibility was greatest on the 16th day of gestation (67% mortality) as was the likelihood that the offspring had generalized infection (50%). In contrast, all five pregnant rats injected on the 9th day of gestation survived. None of the five went on to have a litter, thus suggesting that there was intrauterine death. The LD50 for infant (3-day-old) rats was 6 X 10(5) cfu; that for juveniles (13-day-old) 2.5 X 10(7) cfu (p less than 0.005). No differences were seen between infant or juvenile rats in the number of viable bacteria in homogenized liver, spleen and lung or in blood at 1 or 3 days after a weight-adjusted intraperitoneal bacterial challenge. However, 5 days after challenge, viable organisms were decreased in all of these sites for the juveniles while they were increased for the infants (p less than 0.001). Polymorphonuclear (PMN) and mononuclear cells appeared in the peritoneum in similar concentrations for infant and juveniles one day after intraperitoneal challenge. At 5 days the number of mononuclear cells was significantly greater for juveniles compared to infants (p less than 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6532635 TI - Follow-up study of survivors of fetal and early onset neonatal listeriosis. AB - Although fetal or neonatal infection with Listeria monocytogenes is known to have a high mortality, the longterm morbidity is unknown. Clinical sequelae of fetal or neonatal listeriosis were studied in eight survivors of such infections at a mean age of 16 months corrected for prematurity. A developmental and health history was taken and a Denver Developmental Screening Test and neurological exam performed on each subject. Two infants were seen again and the remainder had developmental and health histories obtained from their mothers and primary physicians at a mean age of 31 months. Six of the eight infants studied had no evidence of neurodevelopmental sequelae. Four of these six had mild or no clinical disease after birth. However, two of the six intact survivors, both born prematurely, were critically ill in the early postnatal period. The two remaining infants had neurodevelopmental handicap. In addition to being prematurely born with severe perinatal disease, these two had CNS complications in the newborn period, both with meningitis and one with intraventricular hemorrhage. Although intelligence in both appeared to be normal, one had mild and the other moderate spastic diplegia. Severe perinatal disease, including fetal or neonatal death, appeared to be related to delayed or no antepartum antibiotic therapy of mothers. Premature delivery appeared to be an important factor both in the severity of disease and in the development of longterm handicap. There were no deaths and no longterm sequelae in infants born at a gestational age greater than 37 weeks. However, in the absence of meningitis and other CNS complications, it would appear that the prognosis even for prematurely born survivors of perinatal listeriosis is very good. PMID- 6532634 TI - The immune response of human neonates to Listeria monocytogenes infection. AB - Infection with Listeria monocytogenes during pregnancy has a high fetal and neonatal mortality. In rodents, it has been shown that resistance to Listeria infection is dependent upon a T cell-mediated immune response to the bacteria. The immune humoral and cell-mediated response to L. monocytogenes was studied in seven mother infant pairs who had documented evidence of L. monocytogenes sepsis. All studies were carried out 1 year following the initial infection as part of a clinical and immunological follow-up, and compared to an appropriate control group. The microagglutination titre and opsonizing activity of mothers previously infected with Listeria was significantly greater than that of the control mothers or their infected infants. There was no difference between the babies previously infected with L. monocytogenes when compared to control infants. The in vitro lymphoblastogenic response to Listeria, staphylococci, tetanus toxoid, and phytohemagglutinin was assessed. Infected mothers had a significantly greater proliferative response in the presence of Listeria than the control mothers, while the response of the previously infected infants was not different from that of the control infants. The response to the other antigens and PHA was similar in all groups. In conclusion, infants infected with L. monocytogenes during the perinatal period demonstrated neither a specific antibody response nor exhibited a cell-mediated immune response to this bacteria. These data support the idea that perinatally-infected infants have a markedly impaired immune response to L. monocytogenes and may, thus, explain their increased susceptibility to this infection. PMID- 6532636 TI - Enhancement of resistance to Listeria monocytogenes infection in mice by pyrimidine analogs. AB - The modulation of murine host resistance to infection with Listeria monocytogenes by the substituted pyrimidine anti-viral compounds, 2-amino-5-bromo-6-methyl-4 pyrimidinol (ABMP), 2-amino-5-bromo-6-phenyl-4-pyrimidinol (ABPP) and 2-amino-5 iodo-6-phenyl-4-pyrimidinol (AIPP) was investigated. BAF1 mice given three daily injections of ABMP, ABPP (as well as of the interferon-inducer poly I:C) demonstrated enhanced anti-listerial resistance, as measured by a 100-fold increase in the median lethal dose of Listeria compared to vehicle-treated control mice. This enhancement was also detectable as a decrease (up to 100-fold) in the number of viable Listeria recoverable from the livers and spleens of mice during the non-immune phase of natural resistance (24-72 h following infection) to this pathogen. In contrast, AIPP did not enhance anti-listerial resistance. Since each of the effective agents have been shown to induce the production of interferon, the role of interferon in the mechanism of natural resistance to Listeria was evaluated. The serum of untreated B10.A mice infected with Listeria was shown to contain high levels of interferon. Treatment of these mice with a potent anti-mouse interferon antibody preparation completely neutralized circulating interferon activity; however, such treatment had no apparent effect on the growth of Listeria. In addition, mice which received injections of both ABMP and anti-interferon demonstrated a level of resistance identical to that seen in mice given ABMP and normal serum. Based on these results, we propose that although interferon is produced in response to listerial infection, interferon is not a critically important mediator in the mechanism of natural resistance to this pathogen. Furthermore, it appears that the immunomodulating activity of these experimental compounds does not involve interferon. PMID- 6532637 TI - Computed tomographic scanning in Listeria monocytogenes meningitis. AB - Seven adults with Listeria monocytogenes infection of the central nervous system had computed X-ray tomography of the head performed. One patient had a normal scan, three had hydrocephalus; cerebral edema, an arachnoid cyst and hyperemia were each noted in one patient. Atrophy of the vermis of the cerebellum was demonstrated on follow-up scans in two patients. Further studies are necessary to determine whether such atrophy is a frequent sequelae of L. monocytogenes central nervous system infection. PMID- 6532638 TI - Canadian Cardiovascular Society. 1984 scientific program and abstracts. Quebec, October 17, 18, 19, 1984. PMID- 6532639 TI - The effects of rheumatoid diseases of the hand. PMID- 6532640 TI - The flexor tendon apparatus in the rheumatoid hand. PMID- 6532641 TI - The extensor tendon apparatus. AB - The extensor tendon apparatus is less involved with tenosynovial disease than the flexor tendons. It is, however, frequently affected by bony erosions at the wrist and synovial disease of the metacarpophalangeal joints with consequent loss of function due to rupture or dislocation. The causes of rupture have been discussed and the means of treatment described. Details of metacarpophalangeal deformities of the fingers and thumb, and their management are given in Chapters 5, 8 and 9. PMID- 6532642 TI - Rheumatoid arthritis: clinical types of deformities and management. PMID- 6532643 TI - Surgical treatment of the rheumatoid wrist and aspects of the natural course when untreated. AB - Based on 20 years of experience in surgery of the rheumatoid hand, the author has presented diagnostic and surgical problems of tendons, ligaments and bones round the rheumatoid wrist. The results of long-term follow-up studies after wrist synovectomy have been given and also aspects of the natural course of the untreated rheumatoid wrist. The author's technique of wrist arthrodesis has been described in detail. PMID- 6532645 TI - The rheumatoid thumb. AB - Although the thumb is frequently involved in rheumatoid arthritis, causing significant functional loss as well as pain and deformity, much can be done surgically to alleviate the condition and restore function to the patient. It is important to understand the factors leading to the various thumb deformities. With this understanding it is possible to formulate a rational treatment programme which will benefit the patient and satisfy the surgeon. PMID- 6532644 TI - Osteo-arthrosis of the wrist. PMID- 6532646 TI - The PIP joint. AB - The anatomy of the PIP joint has been reviewed, regarding it as a functional complex including extensor and flexor mechanisms, rather than as a simple hinge joint. The importance of stability and mobility has been stressed. The pathological changes affecting this joint, resulting from primary joint disease, primary extensor tendon disease and primary flexor tendon disease have been described. The management of the resulting deformities has been discussed under the headings of general management, splintage, steroid injection, and surgery, including synovectomy, restoration of flexion, restoration of extension, arthroplasty and arthrodesis. PMID- 6532647 TI - Joint protection. PMID- 6532648 TI - Physiological properties and classification of strains of Treponema sp. isolated from pigs in Poland. AB - Fifty-one treponemas were isolated from pigs. Twenty-three isolates with typical morphology and growth characteristic were beta hemolytic, enteropathogenic, produced indole and with exception of three strains did not ferment fructose. These strains were classified as typical T. hyodysenteriae and were usually isolated from pigs with symptoms of mucohemorrhagic diarrhoea. The seventeen other isolates were weakly beta hemolytic after 48 h incubation, enteropathogenic, 12 out of 17 produced indole, 10 out 17 fermented fructose. These strains were usually isolated from pigs with symptoms of gray-green diarrhoea and classified as T. hyodysenteriae 2 biotype or intermediate type. They may be compared with Treponema sp. isolated by Taylor et al. Eleven non enteropathogenic strains showed typical characteristic for T. innocens. Gas chromatography analysis of the fatty acids production from glucose, showed that all isolated treponemas produced acetate and butyrate. Typical T. hyodysenteriae produced additionally propionate. Strains of T. hyodysenteriae biotype 2 produced propionate or isobutyrate as well. PMID- 6532649 TI - [Spontaneous and experimental infection of alpine marmots (Marmota marmota) by the North American woodchuck hepatitis virus (Marmota monax). Initial results]. AB - Summer's discovery in 1978 of a DNA virus, very close to human Hepatitis B virus in a woodchuck population in the U.S.A. (Pennsylvania) was a confirmation of the first description made by Snyder at Penrose Research Laboratory (Philadelphia). It was the first animal model of human B hepatitis infection. The comparative study of morphological, ecological and ethological characteristics of the marmot (Marmota marmota) and the woodchuck (Marmota monax) enables an easy distinction between these two species. The natural infection of M. monax by the WHV shows that the woodchuck is a good model for human B hepatitis and should be extended to M. marmota. A sample of 24 marmots caught in the Alpes of Haute-Provence has not revealed any spontaneous infection in these animals by the woodchuck virus. The failure of experimental inoculation of the marmot (24 animals) with the WHV confirms the refractory status of this species (no viremia and very low and short serological response with or without an immunosuppressive treatment). These preliminary results require a confirmation in other animals of different age and geographical region and also by using more specific tests such as molecular hybridization, research on DNA polymerase and direct transfection trials. PMID- 6532650 TI - Kidney, small proteins and drugs. 3rd International Symposium of Nephrology. Montecatini Terme, May 3-5, 1983. PMID- 6532651 TI - Effects of aminoglycoside treatment on renal protein reabsorption and accumulation. PMID- 6532652 TI - Piperacillin: a comprehensive study of its renal effects and uricosuric property in man. PMID- 6532653 TI - Benoxaprofen has no influence on the urinary elimination of lithium. PMID- 6532654 TI - [Immunodiagnosis of human clonorchiasis by a micro-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay]. AB - A micro-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) utilizing antigen from lyophilized Clonorchis sinensis adult worms extracted with triethanolamine buffered saline (TBS), veronal buffered saline (VBS) or phosphate buffered saline (PBS) were used to test 66, 31 and 9 sera from clonorchiasis patients, uninfected normal humen and patients with other parasitic infections, respectively. Four different combinations of incubation time between serum with antigen and serum with conjugate at either 37 degrees C or room temperature were tried. The combination of 6 hours and 16 hours reaction time processed at room temperature with shaking was chosen in this study because it revealed no pseudo-negative and cross reactions with high sensitivity, specificity and predictive value. There were no statistic difference among mean optical densities in micro-ELISA reactions of 66 sera (in 800 X dilution) from clonorchiasis patients with TBS, VBS or PBS antigen, respectively, but results obtained from TBS antigen seemed better than other two antigens. Good correlation was observed between the antibody titer or ELISA readings of sera form clonorchiasis patients and their worm burden expressed as eggs per gram of feces (EPG). PMID- 6532655 TI - Campylobacter jejuni enteritis in children. AB - Campylobacter jejuni has been recently recognized as a frequent cause of diarrheal disease in infants and children. To assess its importance as an enteric pathogen in this area, in our pediatric laboratory, campylobacter jejuni was isolated by selective culture from 35 out of 623 (5.6%) patients with a history of acute diarrhea between March 1981 to December 1981. The peak incidence was in the summer (from May to August), age ranged from 10 days to 8 years, with the high incidence in the very young children. The sex ratio of male to female was four : one. In general, Campylobacter enteritis is not a severe disease and not associated with dehydration. The most common signs were fever & frequent diarrhea. Most of the children recovered spontaneously on conservative management. The antibiograms for 30 strains showed that the Aminoglycosides, Chloramphenicol, Ampicillin, Erythromycin were the most effective drugs. Resistance to erythromycin was found in 13.4% of our series. This study shows campylobacter is the common cause of bacterial diarrhea in Taiwan. PMID- 6532656 TI - Metabolites of Bacillus sp. isolated from flax-suppressive soil. AB - A culture of Bacillus sp. was isolated from the suppressive flax soil. It could inhibit the growth of many plant pathogens that were found in suppressive flax soil, and an acidic ethyl acetate extract of culture broth of the isolated Bacillus showed significant inhibition of the growth of some plant pathogens. The antimicrobial activity of culture extracts (15 times concentrated) was higher than that of 400 micrograms/ml actidione or 200 micrograms/ml mycostatin (nystatin). The antimicrobial substances were relatively stable. After heating at 100 degrees C for 10 min. and 30 min., the activities were still 100% and 72%, respectively. Properties of the compounds were investigated by UV, TLC, GC and GCMS. The component with the retention time of 13.4 min in a gas chromatography was biologically active and the parent peak was at m/z 142. PMID- 6532657 TI - [Hernia of the soft cervical disk: posterior or anterior surgery? (Study of 40 long-term controlled cases)]. PMID- 6532658 TI - [Is transient synovitis of the hip a benign disease?]. PMID- 6532659 TI - [Intramedullary fixation by the Ender method: technical device]. PMID- 6532660 TI - [Experimental methods for the analysis of injury of the femur with hip prosthesis prompted by fatigue]. PMID- 6532661 TI - [Wear and tear behavior of polyethylene for articular prostheses]. PMID- 6532662 TI - [A case of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome with severe scoliosis surgically treated]. PMID- 6532663 TI - [A case of tetraparesis caused by an atlanto-occipital abnormality]. PMID- 6532664 TI - [Wohlfart-Kugelberg-Welander syndrome in 2 sisters affected with progressive scoliosis]. PMID- 6532665 TI - [A case of polyostotic fibrous dysplasia (Jaffe-Lichtenstein disease) of hemisomic type]. PMID- 6532666 TI - [Silver-Russell syndrome associated with congenital hip dislocation. Description of a case]. PMID- 6532667 TI - [Considerations on a case of obstetrical injury of the proximal third of the femur]. PMID- 6532668 TI - [A particular case of calcific degeneration of the anterior tibial muscle. Etiopathogenic considerations]. PMID- 6532669 TI - [Treatment of rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 6532670 TI - [Plasmapheresis in the treatment of active systemic lupus erythematosus refractory to conventional therapy]. PMID- 6532672 TI - [Analysis of the causes of misdiagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis in a general hospital]. PMID- 6532671 TI - [Myocardial infarction caused by non-atherosclerotic coronary lesions--a clinicopathologic analysis of 16 cases]. PMID- 6532673 TI - [Serum levels of pancreatic polypeptide in normal subjects and in patients with pancreatic and renal disease]. PMID- 6532674 TI - [Relation between the clinical manifestations and management of chronic renal failure and parathyroid function]. PMID- 6532675 TI - [Immune functional abnormality in patients with late schistosomiasis]. PMID- 6532676 TI - [Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome]. PMID- 6532677 TI - [Reactive histiocytosis--analysis of 38 cases]. PMID- 6532678 TI - [Clinical analysis of 28 cases of multiple myeloma]. PMID- 6532679 TI - [Hemodynamic monitoring in myocardial infarction--a preliminary report on its clinical use]. PMID- 6532680 TI - [Electrophysiologic studies on aberrant intraventricular conduction and evaluation of its clinical significance]. PMID- 6532681 TI - [Clinical recognition of thyrogenic hypothyroidism]. PMID- 6532682 TI - [Diagnostic value of lysozyme activity in pleural effusion]. PMID- 6532683 TI - [Primary Sjogren syndrome--report of 36 cases]. PMID- 6532684 TI - [Blood hyperviscosity and its diagnosis and treatment]. PMID- 6532685 TI - [Blood gas analysis and changes in acid-base equilibrium in severe hepatitis]. PMID- 6532686 TI - [A pathological and immunohistochemical study of severe viral hepatitis]. PMID- 6532687 TI - [A correlative study of myocardial infarction by 201T1 imaging and electrocardiography]. PMID- 6532688 TI - [Hairy-cell leukemia--analysis of 13 cases]. PMID- 6532689 TI - [Human leukemic bone marrow cells in vivo culture]. PMID- 6532690 TI - [Steroid therapy and causes of death in dermatomyositis--report of 16 cases]. PMID- 6532691 TI - [Neurologic manifestations in patients with cryoglobulinemia]. PMID- 6532692 TI - [Determination of zinc, copper, magnesium and iron in renal diseases and their clinical significance]. PMID- 6532693 TI - [Clinical applications of the radioimmunoassay of serum triiodothyronine and free thyroxine]. PMID- 6532694 TI - [Cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis]. PMID- 6532695 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of infectious pulmonary disease]. PMID- 6532696 TI - [Clinical analysis of 64 cases of pulmonary fungal infections]. PMID- 6532697 TI - [Transoral quantitative and transbronchial aspiration cultures in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease complicating broncho-pulmonary infection]. PMID- 6532698 TI - [Staphylococcal pneumonia--report of 60 cases]. PMID- 6532699 TI - [A preliminary analysis of the relation of the incidence of acute myocardial infarction to the meteorological factors in Guangzhou city]. PMID- 6532700 TI - [Serum and urinary ribonuclease activity as a glomerular filtration function test]. PMID- 6532701 TI - [Hepatorenal syndrome--clinical analysis of 68 cases and a pathological study of 48 cases]. PMID- 6532702 TI - [Effect of praziquantel in the treatment of 111 cases of cerebral cysticercosis cellulosae]. PMID- 6532703 TI - [Effect of whole-embryo injection in the treatment of aplastic anemia--report of 24 cases]. PMID- 6532704 TI - [Hyperuricemic acute renal failure due to lymphoma and leukemia--report of 4 cases]. PMID- 6532705 TI - [Shy-Drager syndrome]. PMID- 6532706 TI - [Opportunistic pathogenic microbial pneumonia]. PMID- 6532707 TI - [Evaluation of the methods of diagnosing pulmonary disease]. PMID- 6532708 TI - [Treatment of pulmonary infection with antibiotics]. PMID- 6532709 TI - [Free autogenous skeletal muscle transplantation for anal incontinence in children--animal experiment and clinical application]. PMID- 6532710 TI - [Combined traditional Chinese and modern medicine in the treatment of congenital megacolon--report of 90 cases]. PMID- 6532711 TI - [Experimental diagnosis of Hirschsprung's disease]. PMID- 6532712 TI - [Treatment of anal atresia]. PMID- 6532713 TI - [Surgical treatment and long-term follow-up of primary malignant tumors of the liver in infancy and childhood]. PMID- 6532714 TI - [Postoperative follow-up of congenital hypertrophic pyloric stenosis]. PMID- 6532715 TI - [Scoliosis treated with Harrington's instrumentation in children]. PMID- 6532716 TI - [Digital replantation in children]. PMID- 6532717 TI - [Prevention of reflux after Roux-en-Y jejunojejunostomy]. PMID- 6532718 TI - [Hallux valgus--analysis of the etiology and postoperative results in 87 cases]. PMID- 6532719 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of spinal stenosis concomitant with intraspinal tumors]. PMID- 6532720 TI - [Transitional rib syndrome]. PMID- 6532721 TI - [Clinical use of the circular stapler device--report of 290 cases]. PMID- 6532722 TI - [Experience in the treatment of 75 cases of abdominal aortic aneurysm]. PMID- 6532723 TI - [Infection complicating the local injection of prednisolone]. PMID- 6532724 TI - [Clinical evaluation of urosepsis--report of 29 cases]. PMID- 6532725 TI - [Value of the anatomical study of the ostia venae hepaticae and the retrohepatic segment of inferior vena cava]. PMID- 6532726 TI - [Craniocerebral injury with visceral damage--clinical analysis of 42 cases]. PMID- 6532727 TI - [Peutz-Jeghers syndrome]. PMID- 6532728 TI - [Tuberculin conversion and complications after frozen-dry BCG vaccination in neonates]. PMID- 6532729 TI - [Long-term follow-up of high-dose BCG vaccine mistakenly given intracutaneously in 128 children]. PMID- 6532730 TI - [Effect of different methods in the management of ambulatory tuberculosis chemotherapy in rural districts]. PMID- 6532731 TI - [Clinical analysis of 60 cases of miliary tuberculosis complicated by spontaneous pneumothorax]. PMID- 6532732 TI - [Operative treatment of tuberculosis of the parotid gland--report of 23 cases]. PMID- 6532733 TI - [Prevalence of silicosis complicated by pulmonary tuberculosis and the results of prevention and control]. PMID- 6532734 TI - [Prevalence of silicosis and the effect of control measures in a lead mine]. PMID- 6532736 TI - [Anion gap and its clinical application in chronic cor pulmonale]. PMID- 6532735 TI - [Sputum organisms in patients with chronic cor pulmonale over an 11-year period]. PMID- 6532737 TI - [Clinical significance of the lysozyme level in bronchial lavage]. PMID- 6532738 TI - [Percutaneous biopsy of the lung and pleura in the diagnosis of intrathoracic masses--report of 68 cases]. PMID- 6532739 TI - [Clinical evaluation of closing volume measurement in chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases]. PMID- 6532740 TI - [Emergency use of intratracheal intubation under fiber bronchoscopy]. PMID- 6532741 TI - [Use of CT in tuberculous meningitis]. PMID- 6532742 TI - [Pathologic characteristics and biologic significance of the mononucleate and multinucleate macrophages of thyroid cancer]. PMID- 6532743 TI - [Pathologic study on adenosquamous carcinoma and adenoacanthoma of the endometrium]. PMID- 6532744 TI - [Determination of the human leukemia antigen by complement-mediated cytotoxicity]. PMID- 6532745 TI - [Estrogen and progesterone receptor assay in the normal endometrium and endometrial carcinoma]. PMID- 6532746 TI - [Sarcoma of the breast--clinico-pathologic analysis of 8 cases]. PMID- 6532747 TI - [Malignant tumors and ABO blood groups--an analysis of 10,258 patients with malignant tumors]. PMID- 6532748 TI - [Primary malignant tumor of the small intestine]. PMID- 6532749 TI - [Radiotherapy of Hodgkin's lymphoma arising from Waldeyer's ring--an analysis of 16 cases]. PMID- 6532750 TI - [Long term results of preventive and curative treatment of cervical carcinoma with Chinese medicinal herbs--cui-tuo-ding]. PMID- 6532751 TI - [Comparative observations on advanced cancers of the esophagus and gastric cardia with or without chemotherapy in a high-incidence area]. PMID- 6532752 TI - [Surgical treatment of esophageal and cardiac carcinoma in elderly patients- report of 130 cases]. PMID- 6532753 TI - [Long-term therapeutic results and causes of death in malignant ovarian tumors]. PMID- 6532754 TI - [Chromosomes and the prognosis of acute leukemia]. PMID- 6532755 TI - [Primary bronchogenic carcinoma in children--report of a case and review of literature]. PMID- 6532756 TI - [Clinical radiotherapy dosage. III. Radiotherapy technic]. PMID- 6532757 TI - [Coronary bypass by internal mammary artery]. PMID- 6532758 TI - [A report on 138 cases of selective coronary arteriography]. PMID- 6532759 TI - [The sympathetic nervous system and hypertension--metabolites of norepinephrine, 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol sulfate and normetanephrine]. PMID- 6532760 TI - [Renal artery stenosis and obstruction of aorto-arteritis--a radiologic study of collateral circulation and its function]. PMID- 6532761 TI - [Magnesium and congestive heart failure--a clinical study of magnesium levels in patients with congestive heart failure]. PMID- 6532762 TI - [A clinical analysis of quinidine treatment in 210 cases of tachyarrhythmia]. PMID- 6532763 TI - [Decelerating rate-dependent bundle branch block]. PMID- 6532764 TI - [Serum HDL-cholesterol level in acute myocardial infarct patients with normal total cholesterol]. PMID- 6532765 TI - [9 cases of myxedema heart]. PMID- 6532766 TI - [Diagnosis of intracardiac myxoma by echocardiography]. PMID- 6532767 TI - [Measuring left ventricular ejection time by plethysmography]. PMID- 6532768 TI - [A comparison of measuring the systolic time interval and diastolic time interval by plethysmography and the cardiomechanogram]. PMID- 6532769 TI - [Electron microscopic observations on the protection of the ischemic myocardium in dogs by intermittent perfusion with cold cardioplegic solutions and intermittent perfusion with cold blood]. PMID- 6532770 TI - [Protective effect of selective coronary venous arterialization on acute ischemic myocardium in dogs]. PMID- 6532771 TI - [An experimental study on the relationship between right bundle branch block and right ventriculotomy]. PMID- 6532773 TI - [Measurement of the ventricular fibrillation threshold of the nonischemic and ischemic myocardium in anesthetized dogs]. PMID- 6532774 TI - Symposium on multiple trauma. PMID- 6532772 TI - [An atherosclerosis model using the Japanese quail]. PMID- 6532775 TI - Epidemiology and prevention of injuries. AB - Injuries are the leading cause of death for ages 1 to 44 and are responsible for more years of productive life lost than any other disease. The common perception of injuries as random, unpredictable events has impeded the application of existing knowledge and technology fully capable of preventing many injuries or lessening their severity. This article explores the concept of injury control, the application of standard epidemiologic methods of investigation, the identification of high-risk groups, and the development and implementation of strategies for trauma prevention. PMID- 6532776 TI - Prehospital trauma care. AB - The past two decades have been a period of increased concern over the improvement of prehospital emergency medical care. Training of basic and advanced EMTs to a level of professionalism that includes a distinct body of knowledge and the use of assessment and management skills is only one component of the prehospital system. Communications systems, transportation deployment plans, and improved links with hospitals have contributed to the refinement of emergency medical systems. The management of the trauma victim is an organized plan of controlling the airway, restoring breathing, and supporting ventilation, followed by a secondary survey of the less life-threatening problems. The role of EMTs or paramedics, therefore, is to assess, manage, extricate, and transport. PMID- 6532777 TI - Initial assessment and resuscitation. AB - It has been estimated that one fourth to one third of the deaths from trauma could be prevented by more effective initial care. The majority of traumatized patients who present to the emergency department do not have life-threatening injuries and may be assessed in an orderly manner. Roughly 10 per cent of patients will have life-threatening injuries, however, and speed in assessment, diagnosis, and therapy is crucial to their survival. PMID- 6532778 TI - Emergency department management of head injuries. AB - Head injuries are a frequent and important problem from the view of the emergency department physician as well as from the national public health perspective. Of the two million head injuries each year, many are so mild that the individual does not present to a physician. However, approximately 20 per cent are of sufficient magnitude to warrant hospitalization; these amount to more than 1000 head injury admissions each day across the country. The role of the emergency department is to guarantee that patients are triaged according to severity and that proper diagnosis and initial management are carried out expeditiously. The ultimate outcome in these patients depends, in large part, on how vigorously the emergency department fulfills this role. It is hoped that the triage system and early management protocols presented in this article will aid these goals. PMID- 6532779 TI - Maxillofacial injuries. AB - Maxillofacial injuries are frequent, often dramatic, and easily divert attention from more occult injuries. Early consultation with the plastic surgeon will enable the traumatologist to formulate an integrated, definitive plan that will produce superior aesthetic and functional results. PMID- 6532780 TI - Emergency department treatment of chest injuries. AB - Injury to the chest accounts directly or indirectly for up to 50 per cent of deaths secondary to trauma. Eighty-five per cent of patients with chest injury may be managed by minor procedures available to the emergency physician. The indications for surgery in the remaining 15 per cent of patients with chest injury must be understood. PMID- 6532781 TI - Abdominal trauma. AB - The proper management of abdominal injuries is essential to maximize the chances of survival of the multiply injured patient. Although the assessment of the abdomen must take place within the framework of the primary and secondary surveys of the patient, the critical management decision focuses on the need for exploratory laparotomy. The decision criteria for laparotomy can be grouped according to the bases of the decision. The more critical the patient, the more rapid the judgment for surgery must be. Thus, the patient with hypotension that is unresponsive to fluid resuscitation is the highest priority, followed by stable patients in whom the decision for laparotomy is made by physical examination, peritoneal lavage, and further studies. Diagnostic techniques, such as peritoneal lavage, and wound exploration must be used selectively. With the exceptions of abdominal films and frequently of an intravenous pyelogram, more sophisticated x-ray procedures usually are reserved for the most stable patients. Initial laboratory tests do not contribute significantly to the early management of the patient with abdominal injuries but are necessary to provide a baseline for further care. Early administration of antibiotics is important to minimize septic complications. PMID- 6532782 TI - Urologic trauma. AB - Trauma to the genitourinary system is relatively common but not always obvious on initial examination of the injured patient. This article reviews injuries to the urethra, bladder, kidneys, ureters, and genitalia. The focus is on a high index of suspicion of injuries in the appropriate setting as well as their definitive diagnosis and emergency management. PMID- 6532783 TI - Emergency care of the pregnant traumatized patient. AB - In dealing with the traumatized pregnant patient, certain special factors must be kept in mind, as follows: Remember you are dealing with two lives, the mother and her developing fetus. Be aware of the anatomic and physiologic changes that occur during pregnancy and be able to take them into account in treating the injured pregnant patient while using the ABCs of trauma care. Particular emphasis must be placed on prevention of fetal anoxia by maintenance of the mother's respiratory status. Frequent blood gas measurements are required. A careful history of the course of the patient's present and previous gestational history will help the emergency room physician from arriving at erroneous conclusions regarding his patient's vital signs. Use diagnostic tests as indicated, but try to avoid or minimize the use of radiology in favor of ultrasonography. Obstetric consultation should be obtained as quickly as possible for the traumatized pregnant patient to help deal with the special bodily changes involved. Observance of the points covered in this article will bring about improved maternal and fetal survival in the traumatized patient. PMID- 6532784 TI - Vascular injuries. AB - Decisive management of peripheral vascular trauma will maximize patient survival and limb salvage. Diagnosis rests upon an acute clinical awareness, supplemented by the appropriate use of noninvasive techniques and contrast radiography. Priorities must be established in the management of associated injuries, and delay must be avoided when ischemic changes are present. Early surgical consultation is essential. PMID- 6532786 TI - Emergency management of injuries to the eye and adnexa. AB - In the initial evaluation of injuries to the eye and adnexa, much useful and important information can be obtained from an accurate history and a carefully performed physical examination using readily available and familiar instrumentation. The appropriate disposition of the patient with an eye injury is crucial in salvaging useful vision. PMID- 6532787 TI - Pediatric trauma. AB - Although the pathophysiology of trauma is the same in all ages, the injured child presents special problems in regard to vascular access, airway control, and the greater vulnerability of certain organs to injury. Special guidelines are given regarding the technical aspects of circulatory support and airway management. Selective early use of MAST is stressed. Evaluation of each organ system is designed to facilitate progressive decision making, particularly in regard to when an injured child should be taken to the operating room and when he should be treated conservatively. PMID- 6532785 TI - Musculoskeletal trauma. AB - This article, written for emergency room physicians, provides simple, practical guidelines for the assessment and immediate treatment of musculoskeletal injuries of the multiply injured patient. The importance of the team approach and multidisciplinary management is stressed. An algorithm is provided to aid the emergency physician in performing the initial assessment and treatment in an organized fashion, with proper priorities given to musculoskeletal injuries. A systematic, anatomically oriented head-to-toe examination is suggested, performed in a cyclic fashion, correcting serious life- or limb-threatening pathology first. During the examination, special attention is required to support the cervical spine until there is radiologic evidence that the spine is stable. The emergency physician should remember that injuries that are not obvious during initial assessment may easily be missed unless the patient is re-examined in detail when the vital signs are stabilized. This is especially true in an unconscious patient with head or pelvic injuries or compartment syndromes. Guidelines are given for emergency treatment of dislocations, open fractures, and wounds because these may be the responsibility of the emergency room physician, depending upon local policies, availability of specialty staff, or constraints of time. PMID- 6532788 TI - Trauma care systems. AB - In summary, I have examined the questions of why have a trauma care system and whether trauma care systems improve trauma care. I believe the evidence is overwhelming that trauma care systems are worthwhile and that they improve trauma care. They have other important values, including the training of surgeons, other specialists, and nurses in the care of the injured patient. Trauma care systems should also be integral to the regional disaster plans and to the education of the public and should be a focus for research activities in trauma care. All trauma centers should provide access to rehabilitation services so that the patient who recovers from acute injuries can return to a productive life. PMID- 6532789 TI - Serum thyroglobulin concentration in normal pregnancy. AB - We measured the levels of serum thyroglobulin (Tg) in 52 pregnant females at various stages and compared them with those of 15 age-matched nonpregnant females. Serum Tg was measured by a solid-phase immunoradiometric assay. In pregnant females, mean serum Tg levels at the first, second, early third, and late third trimesters were 8.4 (range; 1.3-18.0), 9.2 (1.7-25.6), 10.1 (1.8 22.8), and 12.1 ng/ml (5.3-25.2), respectively. The statistical comparison was made after logarithmic transformation of the data. The mean value only at the late third trimester was significantly higher than that of controls (mean; 6.0 ng/ml, range; 1.5-23.6), but each value was within the normal range. Although serum Tg levels have been reported to be high at the end of pregnancy, our results indicate that the Tg levels in females could be clinically interpreted without regard to the coexistence of pregnancy. PMID- 6532790 TI - Abnormal blood chemistry data in Cushing's syndrome: comparison with those for fatty liver. AB - It has been reported that fatty liver is not uncommon in Cushing's syndrome. Biochemical data obtained from routine blood chemistry in 10 patients with Cushing's syndrome were compared with those for 15 patients with histologically verified fatty liver. We found an absence of a decreased GOT/GPT ratio, low normal choline esterase and increased lactic dehydrogenase activities together with lowered serum protein and albumin, and increased blood sugar and total cholesterol in Cushing's syndrome when compared with those of fatty liver cases. These data and additional findings in liver histology obtained from one patient with Cushing's syndrome due to adrenocortical carcinoma indicated that fatty changes in the liver were not frequently encountered in Cushing's syndrome. These abnormal biochemical data might be a way of distinguishing Cushing's syndrome from fatty liver. PMID- 6532791 TI - Studies on subfractions of hemoglobin A1b and hemoglobin A1c in diabetic subjects. AB - Hemoglobin (Hb) obtained from the hemolysate of normal subjects and diabetic patients was separated into HbA1a1, HbA1a2, HbA1b, HbA1c and HbA0 (major Hb) by Bio-Rex 70 cation exchange column chromatography. The glycosylated Hbs were further separated reproductively by cation exchange high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), using 50 mM sodium phosphate buffer pH 5.80 with 0-0.2 M NaCl linear gradient system. HbA1b and HbA1c were separated into two subfractions (HbA1b1 and HbA1b2) and three subfractions (HbA1c1, HbA1c2, HbA1c3), respectively. The percentages of each subfraction except HbA1c1 in diabetic patients were significantly higher than those in normal subjects. Furthermore, HbA1c1, HbA1c2 and HbA1c3 correlated well with fasting blood glucose levels in the prior 5 month period, while subfractions in HbA1b revealed no significant correlation with blood glucose levels. The percentages of each subfraction of HbA1c in patients either with diabetic cataracts or with diabetic neuropathy were almost the same as those in the patients without complications. However, the percentages of each of the three groups were markedly higher than those of the normal subjects. These results suggest that glycosylation of hemoglobin in diabetic patients may be increased in various sites of the molecule in parallel with the blood glucose levels during the preceding 4-5 months. PMID- 6532792 TI - Functional evaluation of the adenohypophysis with metoclopramide in hyperprolactinemic-amenorrheic women in relation to radiological findings on the sella turcica. AB - The responses of the adenohypophyseal hormones to metoclopramide (MCP) were evaluated in hyperprolactinemic women with various radiological findings on the sella turcica. Serum PRL concentrations significantly increased after MCP administration in normal women, hyperprolactinemic patients with normal sella and patients with microadenoma, but not in macroadenoma patients with and without suprasellar expansion (SSE). The PRL response to MCP administration was significantly lower in hyperprolactinemic patients than in normal women. Serum TSH concentrations significantly increased after MCP administration in each group of subjects. The TSH response to MCP was significantly higher in patients with normal sella and patients with microadenoma than in normal women. However, the responses of PRL and TSH to MCP were not significantly different between patients with normal sella and patients with microadenoma. Therefore, they were not considered useful in distinguishing tumorous from nontumorous hyperprolactinemia. Serum LH concentrations significantly increased after MCP administration in patients with normal sella, patients with microadenoma and macroadenoma patients without SSE, but not in normal women or macroadenoma patients with SSE. The LH response to MCP was significantly higher in patients with microadenoma than in patients with normal sella. Serum FSH concentrations significantly increased after MCP administration only in patients with microadenoma. The different responses of the adenohypophyseal hormones to MCP in hyperprolactinemic women with various radiological findings on the sella turcica may be explained by the difference in the hypothalamic dopamine activity and in the impairment of the hypothalamic-pituitary system due to pituitary tumor. PMID- 6532793 TI - Cardiac performance and coenzyme Q10 in thyroid disorders. AB - To investigate the relationship between serum levels of Coenzyme Q10 and cardiac performance in thyroid disorders, we studied the cardiac performance and assessed serum levels of thyroid hormones and Coenzyme Q10 in 20 patients with hyperthyroidism, 5 patients with hypothyroidism and 10 normal subjects. A significant inverse correlation between thyroid hormones and Coenzyme Q10 levels was found by performing partial correlation analysis. Because low serum levels of Coenzyme Q10 were found in thyrotoxic patients and congestive heart failure may occur as a result of severe hyperthyroidism, 120 mg of Coenzyme Q10 was administered daily for one week to 12 hyperthyroid patients and the change in cardiac performance was assessed. Further augmentation of cardiac performance was found in hyperthyroid hearts, which were already augmented, after the administration of Coenzyme Q10. It appears, therefore, that the Coenzyme Q10 dose actually has a therapeutic value for congestive heart failure induced by severe thyrotoxicosis. PMID- 6532795 TI - Delayed respiratory failure during the treatment of myxedema coma. AB - Three male patients (aged 41, 71 and 65 years) with untreated severe hypothyroidism of long duration were in a state of coma. This had been preceded by respiratory symptoms accompanied by hypoxemia and hypercapnea. There were also various chest radiographic findings. All the patients were treated with mechanical ventilatory assistance, circulatory support and i. v. administration of high doses of l-triiodo-thyronine (T3) during the early period of treatment. None of the patients showed any serious cardiac ill-effects immediately or a few days following the intravenous administration of T3. In spite of the stabilisation of vital signs and improvement in arterial oxygenation, the patients remained in a comatous or semicomatous state for the first few days. During the second week, the condition of their lungs deteriorated and prolonged respiratory failure ensued with fever, rales, excessive bronchial secretion, homogeneous densities in the chest radiograms and persistent hypoxemia even though mechanical ventilatory treatment was continued. The implications of this delayed respiratory failure during the treatment of myxedema coma are discussed. PMID- 6532794 TI - Immunohistochemical study on oxytocin-like substance in the human placenta. AB - Our previous studies have demonstrated that a large quantity of oxytocin (OT) like substance exists in human placental tissue. In the present study, the localization of the OT-like substance in the human placenta was investigated by the PAP (peroxidase and antiperoxidase complex) immunohistochemical method. The results demonstrated that the site of syncytiotrophoblast was positively stained by specific antiserum to OT, whereas the tissue was not significantly stained by normal rabbit serum (NRS). These results suggest that the OT-like substance might be localized in syncytiotrophoblast of the placental tissue. PMID- 6532796 TI - Stability of receptor complexes in the rat ventral prostate and seminal vesicle bound to androgens: thermodynamic study. AB - To examine the behaviour of the receptor-acceptor system of androgen of different biopotencies, we compared the stability of receptor complexes of dihydrotestosterone (DHT), methyltrienolone (R1881) and testosterone (Test) in cytosols, nuclei and nuclear extracts from ventral prostate and seminal vesicle of rats. Liberation of ligand from receptor complexes bound to these ligands followed the first-order kinetics. The rate constant for ligand liberation at 25 degrees C varied with the ligand. The receptor complexes bound to Test were most labile, while the receptor complexes bound to DHT were relatively stable, and intermediate stability was observed in the receptor complexes bound to R1881 under the conditions employed in the present study. Thermodynamic characteristics of the stability of the complexes were also different in these three androgens. The Arrhenius plots of the rate constant for the liberation of ligand from R1881- and DHT-receptor complexes in cytosols and nuclei showed curvilinearities, but the plots for Test-receptor complexes were almost linear. In addition, the stabilizing effect of molybdate on R1881- and DHT-receptor complexes in cytosols was observed in the range of low temperature, while the effect on Test-receptor complexes was significant at the higher temperature. The differences observed in the present study seem to be related to the difference in the biological potency of these androgens. PMID- 6532797 TI - A case of hypokalemic myopathy associated with transient hypothyroidism. AB - A case of transient hypothyroidism in the course of hypokalemic myopathy is reported. A 69-year-old woman had severe muscle weakness and marked potassium deficiency associated with alkalosis during treatment with thiazide diuretics. The cause of muscle weakness proved to be hypokalemic myopathy confirmed by clinical findings and muscle biopsy. After the episode of hypokalemic myopathy, serum levels of thyroid hormone were lowered (T4; 3.8 micrograms/dl, T3; 54 ng/dl) and that of TSH was elevated (25.1 microU/ml). Antithyroid microsomal antibody was positive (1:25600) and anti-thyroglobulin antibody was negative. About one month after potassium supplement, her thyroid functions returned to normal, along with normalization of serum potassium level. This is the first documented case report of hypokalemic myopathy accompanied by transient hypothyroidism in a patient with autoimmune thyroiditis. We suggest that this transient hypothyroidism might be induced by hypokalemia during the course of autoimmune thyroiditis. PMID- 6532798 TI - Effects of a placental hormone, human chorionic somatomammotropin on normal and malignant cells. AB - Studies were made on the effects of human chorionic somatomammotropin (HCS) on normal and malignant cells and tissues in Swiss mice. HCS was found to produce a significant increase in the fresh weight of normal liver, kidney, spleen, testis, ovary and uterus. Total cell counts of leukocytes and erythrocytes were elevated. The percentage of granulocytes in blood was found to be increased and the percentage of lymphocytes was decreased following HCS treatment. HCS stimulated the growth of ascitic Ehrlich's carcinoma and Sarcoma 180, and nucleic acid synthesis by these tumor cells. A depression in the mitogen induced blastogenesis of lymphocytes was also noted following HCS treatment. PMID- 6532799 TI - Thyroid antibodies in healthy blood donors. AB - The frequency of thyroid antibodies was investigated in 1314 healthy blood donors. Twenty-three of 870 males (2.6%) were positive for thyroglobulin antibody (TA), 34 (3.9%) for thyroid microsomal antibody (MA) and 19 (2.2%) for both TA and MA. Thirty-four of 484 females (6.2%) were positive for TA, 46 (9.5%) for MA and 29 (6.0%) for both TA and MA. Eighty-six of 1314 blood donors were positive for TA and/or MA. There was no difference in liver function tests between AAT and controls. In females, the incidence of thyroid antibodies tended to increase with age. However, the subjects aged under 19 showed another peak of incidence of thyroid antibodies. The values of total T4, T3 and free T4 were not different between 86 subjects with positive thyroid antibodies (asymptomatic autoimmune thyroiditis, AAT) and 86 sex- and age-matched controls without thyroid antibodies, whereas serum TSH of AAT was significantly higher than that of controls. Nine of 86 (10.5%) subjects with AAT had apparently increased basal TSH level. PMID- 6532800 TI - Classification and characterization of cardiac isomyosins. AB - The structural properties of cardiac isomyosins from several species were compared using native gel electrophoresis, analysis of proteolytic digests, analysis of monoclonal antibody reactivity to specific proteolytic fragments on electroblots and S1 nuclease mapping with cDNA probes. The structure of specific regions of the myosin molecule was analyzed by reacting monoclonal antibodies with chymotryptic peptides of myosin separated by two-dimensional electrophoresis. The pattern of fragments reactive with antibody CCM-52 (epitope in LMM) was identical in all types of V3 isomyosin examined, and different in each type of V1 isomyosin. Peptides reactive with RCM-79 (epitope in HMM) were different from those reactive with CCM-52 and were also significantly different in each type of myosin examined. Thus, HC-alpha is structurally similar in the LMM portion of the molecule in all animals examined, while in the HMM region there are significant structural differences. HC-alpha differs from HC-beta, with structural differences in both LMM and HMM. We have also shown that atrial myosin HC and ventricular HC-alpha in the rabbit are indistinguishable both by RIA and peptide mapping analysis. The same conclusion was derived after analysis of the myosin HC mRNA expressed in rabbit atria and ventricles. Using cDNA probes specific for the alpha and beta myosin HC mRNA, we could not distinguish between the atrial myosin mRNA and ventricular HC alpha (V1 isomyosin) mRNA by S1 nuclease mapping experiments. Classification of different cardiac myosins is largely based on their mobility on native gel electrophoresis, immunological cross-reactivity, and ATPase activities.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6532801 TI - Structure reactivity relationships in the microsomal oxidation of tertiary amines. AB - Apparent kinetic parameters Vmax and KM have been measured for the oxidative N demethylation of twelve para-substituted N, N-dimethylanilines catalysed by rat liver microsomes. Vmax was enhanced by pretreatment of the rats with phenobarbital, whereas pretreatment with beta-naphthoflavone gave no appreciable enhancement. In the case of phenobarbital pretreatment the kinetic parameters could be expressed in terms of lipophilic and electronic effect of the substituents. Kinetic parameters from control and beta-naphthoflavone microsomes gave no statistically meaningful correlation. PMID- 6532802 TI - The effect of age on the competitive C- and N-oxidative pathways of methaqualone in women. AB - The urinary excretion of the N-oxide and the glucuronides of five C-monohydroxy metabolizes of methaqualone has been studied in a group of young women aged 24-34 years and in a group of elderly women aged 85-87 years. The rate of appearance of the metabolites in the urine was slower in the elderly group but the relative importance of the six metabolites was the same in the two groups. There were differences in some metabolite ratios between the two groups, but only one difference approached statistical significance. The metabolite excretion in a 80 year old woman who had received methaqualone daily for over ten years was consistent with that of the elderly group. The results indicate that the ageing process per se and chronic weak hepatic enzyme induction in the elderly are not accompanied by changes in the relative importance of competitive metabolic pathways. PMID- 6532803 TI - Effect of clozapine and molindone on plasma and brain levels of mescaline in mice. AB - Levels of unchanged mescaline were examined in the plasma and brain of albino Swiss-Webster mice pretreated with various doses of either clozapine or molindone. In clozapine treated mice, the mescaline levels were statistically significantly higher at 2 and 3 h with 7.5 and 15.0 mg/kg and at 1, 2 and 3 h with 30 mg/kg. Molindone at 4.0 and 8.0 mg/kg produced no significant effect; at 16.0 and 48.0 mg/kg, the levels were significantly higher at 1 and 2 h. Elevated brain levels of mescaline by clozapine and molindone indicate an adverse metabolic interaction between a hallucinogen and drugs that are commonly used to treat mescaline-induced psychosis. PMID- 6532804 TI - In vitro metabolism of procyclidine in the rat. AB - Procyclidine, 1-cyclohexyl-1-phenyl-3-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-1-propanol, was incubated with the 9000g supernatant fraction of rat liver homogenates, fortified with a NADPH generating system. Three major metabolites were isolated from the incubation mixture. They were identified as 1-(cis-4-hydroxycyclohexyl)-1-phenyl 3-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-1-propanol, 1-(trans-4-hydroxycyclohexyl)-1-phenyl-3-(1 pyrrolidinyl)-1-propanol, and (1R*, 3R*, 7S(R?)*)-1-(trans-3-hydroxycyclohexyl)-1 phenyl-3-(1-pyrrolidinyl) -1-propanol. The latter has not been detected previously in rat urine and probably represents an intermediate metabolite. PMID- 6532805 TI - Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of quinidine and its metabolite, quinidine N-oxide, in beagle dogs. AB - Quinidine and one of its major metabolites, quinidine-N-oxide, were given by separate i.v. infusions to each of three beagle dogs. Plasma and urine samples were analysed for pharmacokinetic comparison of the drug and its metabolite. Quinidine apparently distributed into two major compartments, while the N-oxide distributed into three compartments. The compartment-independent pharmacokinetic parameters (mean +/- SD) were for quinidine Vdss 4.78 +/- 1.11 l/kg, clearance 0.074 +/- 0.047 l/min, terminal half-life 720 +/- 343 min and for quinidine-N oxide Vdss 1.03 +/- 0.21 l/kg, clearance 0.065 +/- 0.012 l/min, terminal half life 316 +/- 69 min. Only 29% of quinidine was recovered in the urine as unchanged drug while 77% of the N-oxide was excreted unchanged via the kidney. Non-linear renal elimination of the N-oxide was observed in two out of three dogs with a Michaelis-Menten constant, KM of about 7 micrograms/ml (21 microM). Prolongation of the QT-interval in the ECG response was used for comparing pharmacodynamic effects. Quinidine was about three to four fold more active than the N-oxide at similar plasma concentrations. Quinidine-N-oxide concentrations in plasma after quinidine administration were very low and would not contribute significantly to the quinidine effect. PMID- 6532806 TI - Metabolism and pharmacokinetics of metaclazepam (Talis), Part III: Determination of the chemical structure of metabolites in dogs, rabbits and men. AB - The metabolism of 7-bromo-1-methyl-2-methoxymethyl-5-(2'-chlorophenyl)-2, 3 dihydro-1H-1,4-benzodiazepine (metaclazepam, Talis) in animals and men is described. Based upon mass spectrometry fifteen metabolites could be identified. Qualitative and quantitative differences in the biotransformation products of metaclazepam in comparison with the well known metabolites of other drugs in the 1,4-benzodiazepine class could be demonstrated. Metabolites with a benzodiazepine 2-one structure representing the most characteristic feature of other 1,4 benzodiazepines and their metabolites, were found in trace amounts only. The major metabolic pathways of metaclazepam led via stepwise demethylation of the O methyl and/or the N-methyl group to O-demethyl-metaclazepam (M 2), N-demethyl metaclazepam (M 7) and bis-demethyl-metaclazepam (M 6). Further aromatic hydroxylation yielded the metabolite M 1. Two metabolites with amino-benzophenone structure (M 5, M 8) which are in general known to result from other 1,4 benzodiazepines could be detected. Additionally a 3-oxo-benzodiazepine (M 4) was found. Minor biotransformation pathways led to a chlorophenyl-bromo benzodiazepine (M 9) by loss of the side chain from bis-demethyl-metaclazepam and N-demethyl-metaclazepam. By further oxidation and degradation the 2-oxo benzodiazepine M 10 and the dihydro-quinazoline M 12 were formed. The respective N-methylated metabolites M 13 and M 16 were possibly generated by the same pathway. Still open is the formation of M 15, a 1-methyl-3-hydroxy-4-(2' chlorophenyl)-6-bromo-1,2-dihydroquinoline and M 11, a 2-methyl-4-(2' chlorophenyl)-6-bromo-quinazoline. The substitution of bromine by a hydroxyl group during the formation of M 14 can be explained by a NIH-shift mechanism. Quantitative investigations show that the methoxymethyl side chain in the benzodiazepine ring system of metaclazepam acts as an effective barrier with respect to the metabolic attack at position two. We assume that this barrier only can be overcome by complete side chain degradation. This multi-step reaction can hardly compete with more favourable and faster conjugation and elimination processes. PMID- 6532807 TI - The pharmacokinetics and biotransformation of 14C-lisuride hydrogen maleate in rhesus monkey and in man. AB - 14C-labelled lisuride hydrogen maleate was administered intravenously (25 micrograms) and orally (200 micrograms) to three male and three female elderly volunteers. Following i.v. injection radioimmunologically determined plasma levels of unchanged lisuride showed a three-phasic decline with half-lives of 3 minutes, 16 minutes and 2.9 hours. The total clearance was 16 +/- 9 ml/min/kg. Bioavailability was estimated to be 14% of oral dose. Determination of 14C radioactivity did not show any specific enrichment of lisuride metabolites in cellular components of blood. The drug was almost totally metabolized and its degradation products were eliminated equally via the kidney and liver. Total recovery was about 90% of dose. The elimination half-life was 10 hours. Small parts of the dose administered were renally excreted with a half-life of 23 hours. Lisuride is metabolized extensively. HPLC radiochromatograms of freely extractable metabolites from urine did not show marked differences between both routes of administration. More than 15 compounds were freely extractable, only one of them represented more than 5% of dose. Phase II reactions were quantitatively unimportant. From rhesus monkey urine 6 metabolites were isolated. Chemical structures were proposed for 5 of them. They were assigned to the pattern of freely extractable human urinary metabolites and covered about 50% of radiolabel corresponding to about 13% of dose. The main freely extractable urinary metabolite was thought to be the 2-keto-3-hydroxy-lisuride derivative. Structures of the other four metabolites and earlier observations on the stability of the N'-ethyl-3H label led to the interpretation of independent changes of lisuride by different enzymatic processes such as oxidative N deethylation, hydroxylation of the benzene system, monooxygenation at C2 and C9, and oxidation of double bonds at C2/C3 and C9/C10. PMID- 6532808 TI - Autoradiographic study of 14C-sulpiride in monkey. AB - Substituted benzamides have been the object of numerous metabolic studies including many by whole body autoradiography of rats and mice. The present study reports autoradiographic data concerning 14C-labelled Sulpiride in monkey. The Study was limited to the brain in order to elucidate the controversial question as to whether the drug can cross the blood-brain barrier. The results showed that in monkey, as in rat and mouse, there is no localization in the brain as can be clearly seen on the autoradiograms. In view of these results and of the undeniable neuroleptic properties of Sulpiride, an indirect mode of action through the release of endogenous mediators is proposed. PMID- 6532809 TI - Testosterone control of the pregnancy block pheromone in mice. PMID- 6532810 TI - Effect of oral cadmium administration to female rats before and during pregnancy on the histoenzymatic activity in maternal and foetal kidneys. PMID- 6532811 TI - Investigations on the secretion mechanism of corticosteroid hormones. AB - Morphometrical and biochemical findings favouring the view that an exocytotic mechanism is involved in the release of corticosteroid hormones are reviewed. Acute stimulation provokes a notable increase in the number of dense granules in adrenocortical cells of some mammalian species. Stereology shows that the increase in the volume density of granules is of the same order of magnitude as that of the intracellular concentration of corticosteroid hormones, as evaluated by radioimmunological techniques. Electron dense granules do not display cytochemically demonstrable peroxidase or acid-phosphatase activity, and the increase in their volume density is not associated with an enhanced activity of many typical lysosome enzymes. Vinblastine, an antimicrotubular agent which interferes with exocytotic mechanisms, induces a parallel rise in both the volume density of granules and the intracellular hormonal concentration. The putative granular fraction, isolated by differential centrifugation from adrenal homogenates obtained from vinblastine and ACTH treated rats, possesses a corticosterone concentration higher than other subcellular fractions, excluded postmicrosomal supernatant. PMID- 6532812 TI - Immunohistochemistry in detection of paraneoplastic secretion of calcium regulating hormones. AB - 29 non-endocrine tumors with clinical suspicion of paraneoplastic hypercalcemia were examined using immunohistochemistry specific for PTH and CT. In 19 of these cases intracellular immunoprecipitates have been demonstrable thus showing the paraneoplastic production of peptide hormones (18 PTH, 1 CT). Four of these tumors have been tested in tissue culture for in vitro production of endocrine active substances. In all cases the incubation medium yielded a positive reaction for PTH. The use of immunocytochemistry in the differential diagnosis of hypercalcemia in tumor patients is discussed. PMID- 6532813 TI - The histochemical detection of acetylcholine esterase--an indicator of the disintegration of membranes. AB - The presence of ACHE in erythrocytes membrane in vitro but not detectable ultrahistochemically has been explored as a sign of membranes disintegration. The final results of the investigations have shown, that the increase in ACHE activity of the erythrocyte membrane is a qualitative sign and a semiquantitative measure of serious disturbances in the membrane structure. PMID- 6532814 TI - [Individual characteristics of the body's reactions to combined heat and physical loading]. PMID- 6532816 TI - [Anthropometric indices and physical work capacity]. PMID- 6532815 TI - [Physiology of work in the mountains: problems and prospects]. PMID- 6532817 TI - [Characteristics of the energy and hemodynamic support for submaximal physical loading in elderly men]. PMID- 6532819 TI - [EEG variants in changes in brain function]. PMID- 6532818 TI - [Effect of natural lighting conditions on the biorhythms of polar researchers]. PMID- 6532820 TI - [Voluntary control of respiratory airflow by instrumental feedback]. PMID- 6532821 TI - [Space-time structure of a quantum of productive activity and its physiological support]. PMID- 6532822 TI - [Relation between the duration of cardiac cycles and the rheographic characteristics of cardiac output]. PMID- 6532823 TI - [Effect of short-term thermal adaptation on indices of physical work capacity]. PMID- 6532824 TI - [Changes in the occupationally important qualities of the operators of petroleum refining installations during adaptation to work]. PMID- 6532825 TI - [Characteristics of depth vision in perceiving the relative movement of objects]. PMID- 6532826 TI - [Operator function and its systems engineering determinants]. PMID- 6532827 TI - [Evaluations of the functional potentials of the body in performing physical work]. PMID- 6532828 TI - [Information value of EEG data in predicting operator work capacity]. PMID- 6532829 TI - [Electrosleep as a method of preventing neuropsychic overstrain and of restoring operator mental work capacity]. PMID- 6532830 TI - [Cold vasodilation in persons exposed to the chronic action of low positive temperatures]. PMID- 6532831 TI - [General adaptation patterns of Don Basin miners]. PMID- 6532832 TI - [Functional state during work activity, work capacity and human health]. PMID- 6532833 TI - [Physiological processes in the work of operators with disordered homeostasis]. PMID- 6532834 TI - [Circulatory dynamics during field-duty work]. PMID- 6532835 TI - [Efficiency of human job activities in relation to psycho-physiological characteristics]. PMID- 6532836 TI - [Mechanisms of the change in leukocyte adrenoreactivity during immune stimulation]. PMID- 6532838 TI - [Dynamics of erroneous voluntary reactions and interhemispheric EEG correlations]. PMID- 6532837 TI - [Clinical aspects of the therapy of autoimmune disorders using serotonin]. PMID- 6532839 TI - [Reflection of the lateralization of sound stimuli in the evoked potentials of the human brain]. PMID- 6532840 TI - [Temporal characteristics of assessing the simple properties of contoured and textured images]. PMID- 6532841 TI - [Duration of the rise and fall intervals of the arterial pulse in the central and peripheral vascular systems in different human postures]. PMID- 6532842 TI - [Dependence of the blood supply to the leg on its longitudinal dimensions and on the biomechanical properties of the skeletal muscles]. PMID- 6532843 TI - [Respiration and hemodynamics in the case of a varying biomechanical structure]. PMID- 6532844 TI - [Analysis of the maintenance of human body equilibrium in the blockade of certain types of proprioceptive afferentation]. PMID- 6532845 TI - [Changes in muscle work capacity and electrical activity during the development and compensation of fatigue under stressed muscle work]. PMID- 6532847 TI - [Regional blood flow to the gastric and duodenal mucosa]. PMID- 6532846 TI - [Metabolic effect of caffeine during muscle work in relation to the body's carbohydrate resources]. PMID- 6532848 TI - [Significance of the synchronicity of afferent impulsing in electrodermal stimulation]. PMID- 6532849 TI - [Changes in the perception and recall of emotiogenic information in neuroses]. PMID- 6532850 TI - [Illusory color in observing moving black and white bands]. PMID- 6532851 TI - [Evaluation of the thermal state of the human body under different temperature conditions]. PMID- 6532852 TI - [Method of analyzing jump-like changes in EEG rhythm]. PMID- 6532853 TI - [Central regulation of sensory flow in the human visual system]. PMID- 6532854 TI - [Lateral characteristics of visual perception]. PMID- 6532855 TI - [Visual evoked potentials in functional disorders of nonspecific brain systems]. PMID- 6532856 TI - [Critical interval of discreteness as a function of the duration of stimulating signals]. PMID- 6532857 TI - [Changes in the biopotential ratio of brain areas at different levels of work capacity]. PMID- 6532858 TI - [Electrophysiological indices of systemic brain activity based on the mobilization of functional reserves in muscle fatigue]. PMID- 6532859 TI - [Recurrent inhibition in orthodromic stimulation of the motor neurons]. PMID- 6532860 TI - [Effect of alcohol on evoked electrical activity in healthy persons]. PMID- 6532861 TI - [Correlation of catecholamine excretion and autonomic nervous system indices in alcoholism]. PMID- 6532863 TI - [Cardiovascular system reactivity in hypertension]. PMID- 6532862 TI - [Interrelation of the age characteristics of brain bioelectrical activity and blood circulation]. PMID- 6532864 TI - [Pulmonary blood flow and arterial blood oxygenation in the healthy human being during 7 days of hypokinesia]. PMID- 6532865 TI - [Changes in the rate of pulse wave spreading through the arteries of an extremity during muscle contraction]. PMID- 6532866 TI - [Effect of excess fat in the body on the physical work capacity of students]. PMID- 6532867 TI - [Effect of reflexotherapy on the sympathetic-adrenal system based on catecholamine excretion data]. PMID- 6532868 TI - [Functional structure of the placebo reaction]. PMID- 6532869 TI - [Fluctuations of the evoked potential and the social adaptation of personality]. PMID- 6532870 TI - [Dynamic characteristics of brain biopotentials as affected by complex sound communication signals]. PMID- 6532871 TI - [Dynamics of interhemispheric asymmetry as altered by a geomagnetic field]. PMID- 6532872 TI - [Alpha and beta coma in a brain lesion at the pontomesencephalic level]. PMID- 6532873 TI - [Changes in blood pressure and heart contraction frequency in healthy persons during a 3-week incomplete fast in the summer months]. PMID- 6532874 TI - [Changes in adrenaline sensitivity during thermal adaptation]. PMID- 6532875 TI - [Atmospheric fronts and the cellular and humoral immunity indices of healthy people]. PMID- 6532876 TI - [Relation of thermoregulatory shifts to the development of sleep due to local rhythmic temperature action]. PMID- 6532877 TI - [Comparative evaluation of the types of mathematical curve fitting in analyzing auditory evoked potentials of the brain stem]. PMID- 6532878 TI - [Method of determining the Frank-Starling curves of patients with congenital and acquired heart defects and their importance in establishing the functional potentials of the heart muscle]. PMID- 6532879 TI - [Left ventricular aneurysm in recent myocardial infarction. Echocardiographic study]. AB - Detection of post-infarction left ventricular aneurysm may have important clinical and therapeutic consequences. Differences in selection and in diagnostic criteria account for the wide range of incidence of left ventricular aneurysm in angiographic and autopsy series. To assess the incidence and related pathological features of ventricular aneurysm, 410 consecutive patients were studied by two dimensional echocardiography 3 to 8 weeks after the onset of an acute myocardial infarction. In 395 patients (96.3%) technically adequate echograms were obtained: 42 patients (10.6%) had evidence of left ventricular aneurysm defined as a well demarcated bulge in diastole and in systole with a thinned, a-diskinetic walls. The incidence rate of left ventricular aneurysm was 17% in 188 anterior myocardial infarctions, 1.9% in 157 inferior ones, 25.9% in 27 anterior plus inferior infarctions; ventricular aneurysms were not found in any of 15 lateral and 8 posterior myocardial infarctions. Aneurysms were apical or apical-anterior in 25 patients (59.5%), apical-septal in 8 (19%), apical-diaphragmatic in 3 (7.1%), apical-septal-diaphragmatic in 3 (7.1%) and postero-basal in 3 (7.1%). Intraaneurysmal thrombi were detected in 24 patients (57.1%). In 12 cases echograms showed pericardial effusion; this was more frequent (28.6%) than in patients without an aneurysm (7.9%; p less than 0.001). Among patients with an aneurysm, heart failure was present in 19 (45.2%), mitral regurgitation in 3 (7.1%), of systemic emboly in 4 (9.5%), severe ventricular arrhythmias in 4 (9.5%) and angina in 5 (11.9%). IN CONCLUSION: left ventricular aneurysm is a frequent early complication of myocardial infarction. Two-dimensional echocardiography provides non-invasive direct information on localization, extent and related pathological features of ventricular aneurysm and thus appears to be a useful screening technique. PMID- 6532880 TI - [10-year survival after myocardial infarction. Longitudinal study of a hospital population]. AB - In this study, 321 patients discharged from hospital after an acute myocardial infarction were followed for 10 years or until death. Death rate was 46.4% and 30.8% of all fatalities was sudden. In over 80% of the cases death was from cardiac causes and frequently occurred out of hospital. Univariate analysis showed that age, female sex, previous infarction, diabetes, heart failure during hospitalization, heart murmur, NYHA class III or IV, post-infarction angina, intraventricular conduction defects, cardiomegaly, ST displacement, were all associated with an increased death rate. A positive exercise test 6-17 months after infarction, was associated with a 4-fold mortality increase. Bypass played a minor role in this series since only 6.8% of the patients underwent this operation. A nonfatal infarction recurred in 71 patients (22.1%) with an annual rate of 2.2%. Annual death rate after the first 2 years of follow-up was 3.9%, as in most recent reports on survival after myocardial infarction. PMID- 6532881 TI - [Exercise testing in patients with the sick sinus syndrome]. AB - Heart rate response to exercise was compared in three groups of subjects; 22 patients (mean age 63.7 years) with sick sinus syndrome and no other significant heart disease (Group I); 10 subjects of the same age with stable, asymptomatic sinus bradycardia at rest (Group II); 29 age-matched controls (Group III). All subjects underwent maximal, symptom-limited exercise testing and the maximal heart rate (HR max), the ratio between HR max and the theoretical maximal heart rate (HR%), exercise capacity (EC) and the ratio between heart rate % and exercise capacity (HR%/EC) % of the three groups were compared. Maximal heart rate, heart rate % and (HR%/EC) % in Group I patients were significantly lower than in Group III subjects (119.1 +/- 24.0 vs 139.0 +/- 18.2; 76.0 +/- 13.9 vs 87.9 +/- 10.8 and 83.0 +/- 19.3 vs 97.5 +/- 15.1 respectively); (HR%/EC) % was significantly lower in Group I patients compared to Group II subjects (83.0 +/- 19.3 vs 101.5 +/- 28.6). Heart rate response was the same in Group I and Group II patients and exercise capacity did not differ in the three groups. Maximal heart rate, heart rate % and (HR%/EC) % were similar in Group II and Group III subjects. The association of (HR%/EC) % less than or equal to 85% with either HR max less than or equal to 110/min or HR% less than or equal to 70% at the end of maximal exercise testing may be suggestive of sick sinus syndrome. The reduced heart rate response during exercise may be helpful in assessing sick sinus syndrome in patients with no other signs of heart disease. PMID- 6532882 TI - [Juvenile arterial hypertension and body surface area. Initial results of a longitudinal epidemiologic study]. AB - An epidemiological study has been carried out on a group of 622 students (10 to 13 years old) from a secondary school in Naples. Aims of the present work were: the evaluation of the prevalence of hypertension in an adolescent population; the association with familial hypertension and obesity; the persistence of high blood pressure values at follow-up. Blood pressure data obtained in these subjects by the use of a standard evaluation scale based on body surface percentiles were compared with those obtained by two major current methods used for the definition of "normal" blood pressure values in pediatric age. The method based on body surface percentiles has shown the highest specificity. The prevalence of hypertension, as detected by this method, has been of 3,5% as compared to 12,9% and to 9,5% of the other two methods. In a follow-up at one year, while the percentage of hypertensive students remained unchanged in the group detected by the method of body surface percentiles, it decreased from 12,9% to 9,3% and from 9,5% to 7,8% in the other two groups. The high prevalence of obesity and familial hypertension observed in these young hypertensive subjects suggest the possibility of selecting, by body surface percentiles, well defined group of subjects at risk, characterized by borderline hypertension, high grade of familial aggregation, high prevalence of obesity and by the persistence of hypertension at the follow-up. PMID- 6532883 TI - [Limitations of the stress test in the diagnosis of the sick sinus syndrome]. AB - Exercise stress test in patients with sick sinus syndrome helps to evaluate the heart rate response to the increased sympathetic and to the decreased parasympathetic discharge. Aim of our study was the assessment of the diagnostic accuracy of exercise stress test in this condition. To do so, we measured the heart rate at peak stress in 18 patients with sick sinus syndrome (16 men and 2 women aged 51-78 years, mean 68). Two control groups were chosen: one of 14 healthy subjects of the same age and sex and a second one of 19 patients of the same age and sex, with comparable heart disease as the patients under study, but without sinus dysfunction. Heart rate at peak stress was expressed as percent of the expected maximal sex--and age--corrected heart rate (% max HR). The sick sinus syndrome group was characterized by the presence of: syncope and/or near syncope in 10 patients; slight (2), moderate (9), severe (7) sinus bradycardia; corrected sinus node recovery time longer than 500 msec in 7 out of 15 patients, detected during an electrophysiological study; abnormal intrinsic heart rate in 5 out of 11 patients, obtained by means of drug-induced autonomic blockade (metoprolol 0,2 mg/Kg i.v. and atropine 0,04 mg/Kg i.v.), and evaluated according to Jose's equation; abnormal intrinsic corrected recovery time (greater than 450 msec) in 8 out of 11 patients; increase in heart rate after atropine infusion (0,02 mg/Kg i.v.) of less than 90 beats/min in 15 out of 18 patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6532884 TI - Regional myocardial systolic function. Effects of coronary occlusion and reperfusion. AB - Intramyocardial pressure and segment length were measured during control conditions, during 30 sec coronary artery occlusion, and during reperfusion in the subendocardial (ENDO) and in the subepicardial (EPI) layers of the left ventricular wall, in 9 open-chest dogs. Under control conditions systolic subendocardial pressure, 179 +/- 11 mmHg, exceeded subepicardial pressure, 97 +/- 9 mmHg (P less than .001); the maximal rate of change of pressure in the subendocardium, 2231 +/- 170 mmHg/sec, was greater than in the subepicardium, 960 +/- 125 mmHg/sec, (P less than .001). Subendocardial systolic shortening, 23 +/- 2% was greater than subepicardial systolic shortening 16 +/- 1% (P less than .001). The maximal rate of systolic shortening in the subendocardium, 32 +/- 5 mm/sec, was also higher than in the subepicardial, 14 +/- 1 mm/sec (P less than .001). When the left anterior descending coronary artery was closed, subendocardial and subepicardial systolic pressures decreased immediately; conversely, appreciable changes in segment length were delayed 10-12 heart beats. After 30 sec of coronary occlusion a 35% reduction was observed in subendocardial and subepicardial systolic pressures, and systolic lengthening occurred. During reperfusion systolic shortening showed a brief overshooting and was back to control after 10 +/- 2 sec in subepicardium and 13 +/- 2 sec in subendocardium. Systolic intramyocardial pressure recovered in 14 +/- 3 sec in EPI and 18 +/- 2 sec in ENDO and subsequently rose above control level. Peak rebound occurred after 50-75 sec of reperfusion and was 27% higher than control in subendocardium and 20% in subepicardium. In 5 dogs the effects of coronary occlusions lasting 5, 15, 30, 45 and 60 sec were investigated. A progressive increase in ischemic depression and reperfusion rebound in subendocardial and subepicardial pressures was observed. These data show that subendocardial and subepicardial are both functionally depressed by coronary occlusion and that subendocardial and subepicardial both contribute to reperfusion hyperkinesis. Systolic intramyocardial pressures persist when shortening is abolished. Ischemic depression and reperfusion rebound of systolic intramyocardial pressures are affected by duration of coronary occlusion. PMID- 6532885 TI - [Problem of arrhythmogenic cardiopathies at risk in athletes with special reference to cardiac preexcitation]. PMID- 6532886 TI - [Anti-arrhythmic action of magnesium sulfate in "torsade de pointes" ventricular arrhythmia]. AB - A female patient with recurrent "torsades de pointes" and a long QT interval was successfully treated with i.v. magnesium sulfate. This work provides further support of the use of magnesium sulfate in this particular arrhythmia. PMID- 6532887 TI - [Modulated parasystole. An arrhythmia waiting for diagnostic criteria. Deductive analysis of a case]. AB - We report a case of ventricular parasystole in which the long interectopic intervals are always less than a multiple of the short interectopic intervals. Assuming a regular ectopic discharge, the above said phenomenon could theoretically be due to relative prolongation of the short interectopic intervals caused by delayed ectopic-ventricular conduction of the second consecutive conducted impulse (a Wenckebach-like phenomenon). Nevertheless, this hypothesis may be ruled out in this case by the analysis of a long tracing. The unusual relationship between the interectopic intervals may be explained assuming the modulation of the parasystolic activity by sinus beats. Experimental work has shown that despite the protection (or entrance) block, the sinus or dominant rhythm may affect the automaticity of a parasystolic focus by means of electrotonic influence. It has been pointed out that sinus impulses falling in the first part of the ectopic cycle delay the next ectopic discharge, while relatively late sinus beats (falling in the last 30-40% of the ectopic cycle) are able to anticipate the delivery of the parasystolic impulse. The phenomenon of modulation is marked by a characteristic biphasic phase-response curve. In the reported case a phase-response curve has been obtained, which explains the parasystolic cycle variations according to the phase of the cycle in which the sinus beats fall. The obtained curve is quite similar to those observed experimentally, therefore the diagnosis of modulated parasystole appears to be very likely.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6532888 TI - [Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia. Apropos of 3 cases]. PMID- 6532889 TI - [Introductory course on statistical methods in epidemiology. III]. PMID- 6532891 TI - Estimate of the calculation of the cardiac flux by the intra-aortic diastolic counterimpulse in cardiac patients and cardiac ischaemic dogs. AB - During the treatment of cardiacs with the diastolic counterimpulse, or during the diastolic counterimpulse experimentation among animals (6 dogs), we calculated the cardiac flux. At the clinic, by comparison with the cardiac flux obtained by the conventional method, the cardiac flux obtained by the intra-aortic differential pulse pressure contour method showed the correlation coefficient r = 0.83 through 20-time calculations (n) and the regression equation Y = 0.385X + 1.99. During the experimentation among animals, by comparison with the cardiac flux by means of the electromagnetic meter, this method showed the correlation coefficient r = 0.77, n = 21 and the regression equation Y = 0.586X + 0.579. If we note the coefficient between the cardiac flux at the abnormally - high value and the diastolic increase wave form, we found an inverse correlation. That is to say, the higher cardiac flux is parallel to the narrowness of the wave form. As shown above, this method would seem reliable, but it is most important to establish clearly the condition; and at the moment, for the cardiac flux of more than 7.0, it would be necessary to analyse the diastolic wave form. The study on the peripheral vessels and the venous system is quite important with the necessity of a knowledge on the differential pulse pressure contour method. PMID- 6532890 TI - [Acute dissection of the thoracic aorta. Proposal of a new surgical technic]. AB - Acute aortic dissection is a challenging surgical disease. Replacement of the supracoronary aorta alone can be followed by recurrent aneurysm formation at the level of the residual aortic root. The Bentall procedure prevents this late complication but intraoperative haemorrhage may be severe and valve replacement is always mandatory. A new surgical technique is presented which has been adopted in seven consecutive patients with no deaths. With this procedure, strengthening of the aortic root is obtained by inserting three Dacron Double Velour patches "between" the internal and external aortic lamina, one for each sinus of Valsalva. The patches override the coronary ostia which are left wide patent, and are anchored directly to the aortic anulus by single mattress sutures which reduce the size of the anulus. Suspension of the valve leaflets to the patches overriding each other at the commissures together with anuloplasty reestablish valve continency. The two aortic stumps are secured with running sutures over the free edge and a tubular Dacron graft is then anastomosed to them. The procedure reinforces the aortic root, will prevent recurrent aneurysm formation and avoids at the same time valve replacement, when unnecessary, and coronary arteries reimplantation. PMID- 6532892 TI - Catecholamine release in coronary sinus during vasospastic angina induced by ergonovine. AB - In seven patients with spontaneous angina and three control subjects, aortic and coronary sinus norepinephrine and epinephrine were assessed. Samples were taken in basal conditions and during ergonovine test in coronary sinus and aorta. The behaviour of some hemodynamic parameters as heart rate, blood pressure, left ventricular end diastolic pressure and coronary sinus flow was also studied. Resting myocardial norepinephrine and epinephrine flux was similar for both groups. In ischemic patients ergonovine induced a coronary spasm accompanied by an evident reduction of coronary sinus flow and a slight increase in arterial epinephrine and norepinephrine concentrations. However, a significant decrease in the net myocardial norepinephrine and epinephrine release was evidenced. After ergonovine, not significant changes in norepinephrine and epinephrine concentration and release resulted in control subjects. The increase in peripheral catecholamine concentrations found in ischemic patients during ergonovine test could represent a reflex activation of sympathetic activity induced by an ischemia dependent ventricular mechanical disfunction. The decrease in myocardial catecholamine release during angina could be justified by sequestration of epinephrine and norepinephrine in ischemic areas induced by vasospasm or reflex inhibition of cardiac sympathetic tone. PMID- 6532893 TI - [Sustained ventricular tachycardia: induced polymorphism. Clinical and electrophysiological aspects; therapeutic implications]. AB - By induced polymorphism (I.P.) we mean the electrical induction during endocavitary electrophysiologic study (E.E.S.) either of two or more morphologically distinct types of Sustained Ventricular Tachycardia (S.V.T.) (i.e. different bundle branch block patterns or with shifting of QRS by greater than or equal to 90 degrees) or of one type of sustained ventricular tachycardia other than the spontaneous one. Twenty-two patients with clinical sustained ventricular tachycardia, in whom at least one episode of sustained ventricular tachycardia was induced during endocavitary electrophysiologic study, were divided into 2 groups depending on the presence or not of induced polymorphism: Group I consisted of 13 patients with induced polymorphism; Group II consisted of 9 patients without induced polymorphism. All the patients of the Group I had chronic ischemic heart disease (C.I.H.D.); 12/13 previously had myocardial infarction. Only 1 patient of the Group II had chronic ischemic heart disease. Intraventricular conduction defect was present in 9 patients of the Group I and in 2 of the Group II. An overall of 26 sustained ventricular tachycardia episodes were induced in patients of the Group I: 9 with RBBB, 10 with LBBB and 7 with "bizarre" QRS morphology. Sustained ventricular tachycardia reinduction was attempted in 10 patients of the Group I after acute drug testing (Ajmaline, Propafenone, Amiodarone): sustained ventricular tachycardia was no longer inducible in 6, but in 3 of those 4 in whom it was, a marked increase in polymorphism was observed as compared to pre-test pattern. Of the 11 alive patients of Group I, 10 are on Amiodarone alone or in combination with other antiarrhythmic drugs. We conclude as follows: different morphological types of sustained ventricular tachycardia can be quite commonly induced during endocavitary electrophysiologic study; according to our cases induced polymorphism is observed only in patients with chronic ischemic heart disease; patients with induced polymorphism often have intraventricular conduction defect; induced polymorphism furtherly accounts for reentry as the mechanism of sustained ventricular tachycardia in patients with chronic ischemic heart disease; a prevalent morphology of the endocavitary electrophysiologic study induced sustained ventricular tachycardia in patients with chronic ischemic heart disease was not observed at least in our patients; Amiodarone is the drug of choice for the treatment of induced polymorphic sustained ventricular tachycardia patients. PMID- 6532894 TI - [Usefulness of the combination of the dynamic electrocardiogram with esophageal pH measurement in the differential diagnosis of chest pain]. AB - Several diseases of the gastrointestinal tract can cause angina-like chest pain. Differential diagnosis can be extremely difficult, especially when pathological gastroesophageal reflux is present. We present 10 cases, 2 males and 8 females, in which invasive and non invasive cardiological techniques were unable to indicate a clear diagnosis. We have therefore used a new technique which combines dynamic electrocardiography with 24 hours monitoring of esophageal pH, to correlate pain symptom with electrocardiographic changes and/or gastroesophageal reflux. Using this approach we have diagnosed the presence of isolated pathological gastroesophageal reflux in 3 patients, isolated ischemic heart disease in 2 cases, both conditions in 3 patients and no signs of either condition in the remaining 2 cases. We think that this technique is of special value in subjects suffering from both conditions (ischemic heart disease and gastroesophageal reflux). It provides objective documentation of the role of each disease in the genesis of pain which is essential in developing appropriate therapy. PMID- 6532895 TI - [Pharmacological and clinical research on the interaction of digitalis and amiodarone in heart disease patients with varying degrees of cardiac insufficiency]. AB - The increasing use of amiodarone as antiarrhythmic drug has raised the possibilities of dangerous effects from amiodarone-digitalis interaction. We have studied twelve patients who were taking digitalis and to whom amiodarone was administered because of arrhythmias. We found a 75,42% increase of digitalis plasma levels (p less than 0,001) in the early days of amiodarone therapy, and a 52,1% increase (p less than 0,001) in the medium term. An inverse correlation was found (r = -0,65; p less than 0,05) between the plasma levels of digitalis during the steady-state control period and during the following 2-to-6 months evaluation. Acute episodes of cardiac failure caused in our patients an abrupt increase of digitalis plasma levels: in three patients digitalis toxicity occurred. Based on our experience, we recommend that the dose of digitalis be halved when the two drugs are given together in patients with various degree of cardiac failure; moreover digitalis plasma levels should be frequently monitored in these patients. On the other hand digitalis administered according to age, sex, weight, kidney function, together with amiodarone, can be given at full dosage in patients without cardiac failure. PMID- 6532897 TI - [Post-necrotic liver cirrhosis and pregnancy. Presentation of a case and review of the literature]. PMID- 6532896 TI - [Dysgerminoma of the ovary. Retrospective review of 51 cases]. PMID- 6532898 TI - Effect of acute maternal starvation on tyrosine metabolism and protein synthesis in fetal sheep. AB - To determine the effects of acute maternal starvation on intrauterine growth, tyrosine concentration and specific activity values in plasma, intracellular free and protein bound pools were determined in catheterized ovine fetuses following an 8 h continuous infusion of L-[2,3,5,6 3H] or L-[U-14C] tyrosine into the ewe and fetus respectively at 115-125 days of gestation. From the kinetic data the rates of whole body and tissue fractional protein synthesis were calculated. Although placental protein synthesis was not significantly changed as a result of acute maternal starvation, fetal whole body protein synthesis was reduced from 63 g/d/kg in the fed to 25 g/d/kg in the starved condition. There was also a 10 fold reduction in the net placental transfer of tyrosine to the fetus in the starved ewes. In addition, a three fold increase was observed in the quantity of tyrosine used for oxidation by the fetuses of starved ewes, changing from 5.2% of tyrosine net utilization in the fed to 13.7% in the starved condition. Significant reductions in tissue fractional protein synthesis rates were also seen in the liver, brain, lung kidney and GIT tissues from 78, 37, 65, 45 and 71%/d respectively in the fed to 12, 10, 23, 22 and 35%/d in the fetuses of starved ewes. The data indicate that during acute maternal starvation the sheep fetus utilizes more tyrosine for oxidation and less for anabolic purposes which is reflected in a decrease both in whole body and tissue fractional rates of protein synthesis. PMID- 6532899 TI - Effect of dietary fat on food intake, growth and body composition in rats. AB - The long-term ingestion of a fat-rich diet caused severe obesity in adult rats. Severe obesity developed in these animals without them having to increase caloric intake. Evidence for this comes from the observation that voluntary intake averaged 36,113 +/- 410 calories/rat per 60 wk for rats eating a high-fat diet (42% of calories from fat) compared to a value of 36,125 +/- 500 calories/rat per 60 wk for those eating a diet of Purina chow. Despite a similar caloric intake, carcass fat averaged 51 +/- 1% for rats eating the fat-rich diet but only 30 +/- 1% body fat for control animals eating the low-fat diet of Purina chow. These results indicate that a fat-rich diet does not always cause rats to overeat. Further, they clearly demonstrate that severe obesity can develop in the absence of hyperphagia provided the animals eat a fat-rich diet. Finally, a correlation coefficient of r = 0.76 between body weight and lean body mass was obtained for the Purina chow-fed rats and that of r = 0.66 was obtained for the fat-fed rats. PMID- 6532900 TI - Weight growth in savannah baboons: a longitudinal study from birth to adulthood. AB - Postnatal growth in body weight, from birth to 7 years, was studied longitudinally in a sample of savannah baboons. Measurements of weight were collected on 45 male and 42 female baboons at 12-week intervals. The weights of males and females were treated independently and compared for gender differences. Distance and mean increment curves were used to describe the pattern and changes in the rate of growth. The results demonstrated that the savannah baboon shares a pattern of weight growth similar to that of other anthropoid primates including humans. An adolescent growth spurt was observed for both genders. The intensity of the growth spurt was substantially greater for males. Differential growth rates between genders during adolescence were responsible for the extensive sexual dimorphism exhibited in adult weight. Females were advanced over males in their percentage of adult growth attainment at all ages. PMID- 6532901 TI - Chloramphenicol inhibits hemoglobin synthesis in blood islands of young chick blastoderm. AB - Hemoglobin (Hb) synthesis is reduced by 1.5 to 12.4 X 10(-4) M chloramphenicol (CAP) in chick blastoderms at head process and 4-somite stages. Chloramphenicol at 18.6 X 10(-4) M results in decrease of amino acid uptake and incorporation into protein, and inhibits Hb formation completely. However, this effect can be overcome partially when blastoderms are removed from CAP-containing to plain culture medium. The morphological appearance, protein content, and behaviour in amino acid uptake and incorporation of control and CAP-treated blastoderms at the time Hb first makes its appearance can be correlated and seem to reflect changes occurring in the vascular area during the time of blood island organization and subsequent massive Hb synthesis in the simple culture system employed. PMID- 6532902 TI - The relation of adiposity and body size to chronological age in olive baboons. AB - Mixed-longitudinal data on adiposity and body size were taken on 250 male and 452 female olive baboons aged between birth and 8 years. Adiposity was measured as skinfold thickness at the neck, subscapular, suprailiac, and triceps sites; body size measures included weight, crown-rump length, and triceps circumference. Males and females were treated independently and compared for gender differences. Data were tabulated to examine the relation of the somatometric variables to age and the patterns of association among the variables. Females averaged larger skinfold values at all sites for most ages. Males were significantly heavier, longer, and exhibited greater triceps girth at all ages except birth and 1 year where no significant gender difference was found for crown-rump length. In general the three measures of body size were significantly correlated at all ages as were the four measures of adiposity. Significant associations between adiposity and body size measures were not consistent among various ages. PMID- 6532903 TI - Reduced mitotic activity and atrophy in oral epithelium of the rat following elimination of masticatory movements. AB - Rats 16 weeks old were fed a liquified diet consisting of a suspension of finely ground commercial rat pellets for a period of 35 days. Weight-matched controls were fed isocaloric amounts of the dry pellets. Numbers of dividing epithelial cells and dimensions of the cellular and keratin layers were determined using precisely matched homologous areas in histologic sections from experimental animals and controls. Three mucosal regions which during the masticatory movements in controls are subjected to friction, compression and deformation ("masticatory mucosa") and one region subjected to distension and friction ("lining mucosa") showed experimental mitotic rates ranging from one-fourth to less than half the rates in controls. The epithelium of experimental masticatory mucosa showed consistent, statistically significant atrophic changes in both cellular and keratin layers, while that of lining mucosa showed atrophic changes in the cellular layer only. It is concluded that the concept of disuse atrophy should be extended to include oral surface epithelia. PMID- 6532904 TI - Changes in the solubility of bovine intramuscular collagen due to nutritional regime. AB - Longissimus dorsi muscles were removed from the carcasses of 60 Charolais-cross steers in order to examine the relationship between five feeding systems and collagen solubility values obtained by two different methods (warm and cold extractions). Steers were provided with either a 75% concentrate diet, 50% concentrate diet, corn silage diet, corn silage to 400 kg live weight followed by the 75% concentrate diet or alfalfa silage fed to 400 kg live weight followed by the 75% concentrate diet. Steers on the 75% concentrate diet throughout the feeding period required the least time on feed, had the lowest slaughter and carcass weights and produced meat with the highest warm collagen solubility values. Steers fed corn silage continuously needed the longest time on feed, had the lowest daily rates of gain and produced meat with the lowest warm collagen solubility values. Despite being on feed for a longer length of time, steers fed corn silage or alfalfa silage prior to finishing on the 75% concentrate diet produced meat with warm collagen solubility values similar to those continuously fed the 50% concentrate diet. Steers fed the 75% concentrate diet subsequent to forage feeding exhibited greater rates of gain before slaughter while those fed the 75% concentrate diet continuously showed a rapid decline in rate of gain with increasing body weight. Total collagen and cold collagen values were similar among feeding systems. These results indicated that plane of nutrition before slaughter and days on feed both exerted an influence on the properties of intramuscular collagen. PMID- 6532905 TI - Growth plate cartilage metabolism, morphology and biochemical composition in over and underfed horses. AB - Weanling Thoroughbred horses were fed diets providing 70%, 100%, or 130% of their daily energy and protein requirements for eight months. Biopsy specimens of growth plate cartilage were taken from the distal right radius at this time. Tissues from both overfed and underfed horses exhibited significantly decreased protein, hydroxyproline and hexosamine contents (on a dry tissue weight basis), increased DNA content and decreased LDH activity, compared to tissues taken from the animals fed 100% of their daily requirements. Growth plate thickness was proportional to diet level. The reserve and hypertrophic zones were enlarged in the overfed horses. The hypertrophic cartilage from the overfed horses lost the usual columnar organization of lacunae and remained unpenetrated by metaphyseal capillaries. Longitudinal growth rates of the upper forelegs were reduced by under-nutrition and were unaffected by overfeeding. The similarities between the lesions accompanying chronic overfeeding and those of equine hypothyroidism suggest endocrine involvement linking dietary excess to developmental osteochondrosis. PMID- 6532907 TI - The cell biology of triggers in coagulation. PMID- 6532906 TI - Growth hormone secretion and clearance rates in growing beef steers implanted with estrogenic anabolic compounds. AB - The effect of estrogenic anabolic compounds on the kinetic parameters of metabolism of growth hormone (GH) was studied in growing beef steers. Twenty-four beef steers were randomly placed into four groups and assigned to one of the following four treatment groups: zeranol, diethylstilbestrol (DES), Synovex-S and an unimplanted control. GH metabolism was studied from eight steers on day 20 following the implantation of anabolic compounds. The animals were rapidly injected with a solution of bGH (NIH-GH-B18) and the disappearance of injected GH from the plasma was monitored up to 120 min following the injection. The plasma GH disappearance curve displayed an initial rapid phase lasting 5 min and a slow disappearance phase lasting 42 min; the fractional turnover rate from the two compartments were 0.167 and 0.017 min-1, respectively. The average volume of distribution of GH in steers was 6% of the body weight. Mean values of metabolic clearance and secretion rates of GH in steers were 21 liters/h and 252 micrograms/h or 74.5 ml/kg/h and 0.91 microgram/kg/h, respectively. Steers implanted with anabolic compounds gained more rapidly (P less than 0.05) than the controls. Plasma basal GH concentration appeared to be higher in all the implanted than in the control steers. The secretion rate of GH was increased (P less than 0.05) in steers implanted with anabolic compounds when compared to control steers. The secretion rate (microgram/kg/h) was about 96% (P less than 0.05), 107% (P less than 0.05) and 81% (P less than 0.05) higher in steers implanted with DES, zeranol and Synovex-S, respectively, than in the control steers. All the compounds studied were equally effective in increasing the secretion of GH on day 20 following their implantation. Metabolic clearance rate of GH was not affected by anabolic compound implantation in steers. There was, however, a slight reduction in metabolic clearance rate due to DES and a slight elevation due to zeranol and Synovex-S when compared to control steers. There was a positive correlation between growth rate and GH secretion rate (r = 0.78; P less than 0.05). The results indicate that the implantation of estrogenic anabolic compounds increases the secretion rate of GH from the pituitary gland and suggest that their mechanism of action is mediated through increased GH secretion. PMID- 6532908 TI - Thromboplastin synthesis in endothelial cells. AB - Endothelial cells (EC) in culture produce a procoagulant identified as thromboplastin when stimulated with 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate, phytohemagglutinin, endotoxin, thrombin, histamine or epinephrine. Inducible thromboplastin generation most likely depends on de novo synthesis of RNA and the protein component of thromboplastin, apoprotein III. It is further probably regulated by intracellular mechanisms involving cAMP, transmethylation and calcium ions. The EC thromboplastin response is enhanced in lymphocyte-EC and platelet-EC cocultures and thromboplastin becomes partly available on the cell surface. Levels of procoagulant activity are reached which clearly may be of clinical importance if similar levels appear in vivo. PMID- 6532909 TI - Species specificity of tissue thromboplastin. AB - The species specificity of thromboplastin (tissue factor) is an important fact to take into consideration when clotting assays or experiments are planned. We have (re)investigated all possible combinations of thromboplastin and plasma from several of the most commonly used species of experimental animals. PMID- 6532910 TI - Sterile, medium scale age fractionation of human red blood cells. AB - After sterile removal of white blood cells and the majority of platelets from blood in a regular transfusion bag, the remaining red blood cells were separated under sterile conditions into a relatively young and a relatively old fraction. Making use of the different densities of old and young red blood cells, the separation occurs in a double transfusion bag by centrifugation, after the cells have been carefully layered on top of Percoll of "tailor-made" density. The successful results of this simple and inexpensive technique are assessed by comparing the creatine concentration and the acetylcholinesterase activity in both fractions. Thus, this medium scale fractionation technique yields hundreds of ml of sterile, young red blood cells. PMID- 6532911 TI - Rosetting index (E rosettes/mouse rosettes): a simple diagnostic and prognostic value in CLL. AB - The rosetting index (E rosettes/mouse rosettes) was evaluated in 34 controls, 4 chronic benign lymphocytosis and 28 CLL patients, grouped according to the Rai classification: 6 asymptomatic stage 0 patients (lymphocytosis less than 10,000/mm3) with a rosetting index of 0.35 +/- 0.2; 11 asymptomatic stage 1-2 patients (lymphocytosis 10,000-40,000/mm3) with a rosetting index of 0.19 +/- 0.11; 9 symptomatic stage 3-4 patients (lymphocytosis greater than 40,000/mm3) with a rosetting index of 0.09 +/- 0.09 and 2 T-CLL patients post splenectomy and 4 chronic benign lymphocytosis patients with a rosetting index of 25 +/- 15. The average rosetting index for the controls was 10.0 (range 3.5-54). Student's t test was p less than 0.0001 for groups 1, 2 and 3 and p less than 0.02 for group 4. These results show that the rosetting index is helpful for the characterization of B-CLL in all stages, the rosetting index decreases with the proliferative activity of the disease and could be used as a prognostic factor, and the rosetting index is significantly increased in T-CLL and chronic benign T lymphocytosis thus being useful in differentiating these conditions from the early stage of CLL, when the SmIg is not conclusive of a monoclonal proliferation. PMID- 6532912 TI - Stability of serum ferritin in healthy subjects. AB - Recognition of chronobiological rhythms is important for the optimum use of blood parameters in clinical practice. The variation in serum ferritin, serum iron and total iron binding capacity was studied on two consecutive days in 16 healthy subjects. While serum iron changed in a typical circadian rhythm, no significant rhythm was found for serum ferritin or the total iron binding capacity. The daily intra-individual variation in serum ferritin was 15% on the average. The 24 hour mean serum ferritin concentration differed less than 5% in most of the subjects. In contrast to serum iron, there is no need to standardize the time of blood sampling for the determination of serum ferritin. PMID- 6532913 TI - Inhibition of granulocyte-macrophage (GM) colony formation by sera of patients with neoplasma of digestive tract in the course of surgical treatment. AB - The effect of sera from patients with neoplasm of the digestive tract obtained during intervention has been tested on granulocyte-macrophage (GM) colony formation. Independently of the source of blood (peripheral or tumour draining vein) and the time of sampling (during or 2-3 weeks after operation) the tested sera suppressed GM colony formation. The highest decrease was caused by blood sampled from the vein draining the tumour. It is concluded that tumour cells may be a source of the GM colony formation inhibitory activity. The possible character of the activity is discussed. PMID- 6532914 TI - Possible origin of amniotic fluid constituents influencing fibrinolytic activity. AB - An attempt was made to clarify the origin of the amniotic fluid constituents affecting fibrinolysis. For this purpose, saline extracts were prepared from various extra-fetal gestational tissues (EGT) as well as from various fetal excretory products (FEP) and their effect on an euglobinolytic system was studied in vitro. It was found that extracts from FEPs stimulated, whereas those from EGTs inhibited fibrinolysis. It is concluded that the fibrinolysis inhibiting amniotic fluid constituents originate from the placenta and the fetal membranes, whereas the fibrinolysis stimulating ones from various sources of fetal origin. PMID- 6532915 TI - Today's treatment of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. AB - Non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL) are a heterogeneous group of lymphoid malignancies with different histology, clinical presentation, prognosis and response to therapy. The choice of the best therapeutic regimen is difficult and has to be settled according to the histology and the extent of the disease. All major histopathological classifications divide NHL into two groups, one with a long history (low grade malignancy, favourable histology, indolent) and those with a short history (high grade malignancy, unfavourable histology). We shall survey the modern treatment for both groups, the role of maintenance therapy and the problems arising during therapy and relapses, and mention some new drugs which appear promising in the treatment of lymphomas. Finally, a short outline of future prospects will be presented. PMID- 6532916 TI - Improved survival in multiple myeloma with combination chemotherapy and plasmapheresis. AB - The relation of different cytostatic regimens and plasmapheresis to survival time was studied in patients with stage III myeloma. The median survival time for 23 melphalan-prednisolone treated patients was 9 months. Nine melphalan-prednisolone treated patients, who were in addition treated with plasmapheresis survived longer (median 23 months), but the difference was not significant. Twenty-five patients, treated with plasmapheresis and cytostatic combination (melphalan, cyclophosphamide, BCNU, vincristine, prednisolone) survived significantly longer, for 61 months (median). Cytostatic combination therapy seems to prolong survival in stage III myeloma. Plasmapheresis may also have a favourable effect. PMID- 6532917 TI - [Treatment of metastatic breast cancer with aminoglutethimide after failure of tamoxifen]. PMID- 6532918 TI - [Reduced pH, glucose and bicarbonate in malignant pleural effusions]. PMID- 6532919 TI - [Ultrasonic removal of CNS tumors]. PMID- 6532921 TI - [Delta antigen in chronic active hepatitis]. PMID- 6532920 TI - [Auto-erythrocyte sensitization]. PMID- 6532922 TI - [Wilson's disease with hepatic manifestations in a child]. PMID- 6532923 TI - [Warfarin embryopathy]. PMID- 6532924 TI - [Glue-sniffing encephalopathy]. PMID- 6532925 TI - [Stress fracture of the calcaneus]. PMID- 6532926 TI - [Hydrocephalus complicating Listeria monocytogenes meningitis]. PMID- 6532927 TI - Three epileptic patients suffering from periods of frequent complex partial seizures and diagnostic criteria for epileptic status. AB - Presented here are three epileptic patients suffering from periods of frequent complex partial seizures. The importance of the following two points for the diagnosis of epileptic status of complex partial seizure is stressed. The first is the importance of EEG examination for differentiation of such epileptic status from psychogenic attack and absence status. The second is the importance of disturbed consciousness lasting between seizures. Based on EEG and clinical findings in our three patients, it was concluded that two of the three patients suffered from epileptic status of complex partial seizure and that the condition in the remaining one patient could not be judged as epileptic status of complex partial seizure. Detailed clinical and electroencephalographic findings in previously reported seven patients suffering from status epilepticus of complex partial seizure were compared with those of our two patients. The seven cases out of nine patients had epileptiform EEG activities beginning with localized rhythmic activities. All of the nine patients showed marked motor manifestations during the complex partial seizure such as adversive movement and automatic behaviors. Such motor manifestations of complex partial seizure are very useful for confirming the initiation and termination of the seizure. When the frequency of complex partial seizure is markedly increased, it become difficult to detect the initiation and termination of each seizure, and the discontinuous form of status epilepticus of complex partial seizure passes into its continuous form. PMID- 6532928 TI - Computed tomography in Pick's disease. AB - Pick's disease is a rare cause of dementia. We studied two clinical cases of Pick's disease in its early stage. A computed tomography (CT) demonstrated lobar atrophy affecting primarily the anterior portions of the frontal lobes and the inferior portions of the temporal lobes. The fact that the characteristic pattern of lobar atrophy is already apparent in the early stage of the disease was demonstrated. PMID- 6532929 TI - Treatment of headache with antidepressant. AB - Headache was classified, in conformity to the classification of headache as specified by the Ad Hoc Committee, into migraine, contraction and combined types and others. Tricyclic antidepressant clomipramine having pharmacological properties, which are said to relatively and uniquely inhibit the reuptake of serotonin in the synapses, was administered for headaches and the clinical effects on headaches were examined. Headaches assumed to be attributable to depression were excluded by means of quationing and Zung's self-rating depression scale. Furthermore, the MMPI, MPI and MAS mentality tests were also employed to clarify the characters and traits of these patients with headache. Also, the biochemical mechanism playing a part in the occurrence of headache was conjectured from the pharmacological action pattern of the antidepressant. PMID- 6532930 TI - Amygdaloid kindling in Papio cynocephalus and subsequent recurrent spontaneous seizures. AB - Three baboons, Papio cynocephalus, (two photosensitive and one nonphotosensitive) were subjected to amygdaloid kindling. Electroclinical profile of seizure development-developed seizure compares very favourably to that described in photosensitive baboons, Papio papio, with rapid seizure progression and ultimate emergence of Stage 5 bisymmetrical and bisynchronous generalized convulsive state. In addition, one baboon developed spontaneous recurrent seizures which were identical to the kindled Stage 5 seizure. It is concluded that the state of exceptional seizure susceptibility observed in Papio papio is shared by Papio cynocephalus, although photosensitivity and kindled generalized convulsion appear to be independent variables. PMID- 6532931 TI - Age-related changes in the Purkinje's cells in the rat cerebellar cortex: a quantitative electron microscopic study. AB - The present study was undertaken to assess age-related changes in the Purkinje's cells in the rat cerebellar cortex. The cellular and nucleolar volumes and the volume percentage of lipofuscin per cytoplasma were measured in six age groups. The number of Purkinje's cells was also counted. The cellular volume of rats aged 18, 24 and 30 months decreased significantly as compared with that of 3-month-old rats. The nucleolar volume of rats aged 12, 18, 24 and 30 months decreased significantly as compared with that of 3-month-old rats. The accumulation of lipofuscin in the cytoplasma of the Purkinje's cells was observed more or less in all ages. The degree of accumulation of lipofuscin in the Purkinje's cells increased with aging. The number of Purkinje's cells at the ages of 24 and 30 months decreased significantly as compared with that of 3-month-old rats. PMID- 6532932 TI - Experimental psychological studies on schizophrenia: word-card distribution test and some psychological consideration. AB - An experiment was conducted on 150 subjects; 100 schizophrenic and 50 control subjects. Each subject was given 56 or 57 word-cards, which consisted of 5 Cards selves (I, me, myself, etc.), 4 or 6 Cards families (father, mother, etc.), 7 Cards bodies (head, eyes, etc.), 11 Cards detestable (snake, etc.) and others. These cards were to be distributed in three concentric circles according to the standard of importance for the subjects. The results for the schizophrenic group in comparison with those for the control group were: Fewer cards were distributed in the central circle. The number of the distributed Cards important was smaller for the central and larger for the outward circle, etc. The discussion on the results was carried out with regard to the inner structure of ego, the boundary between ego and the outer world and the flexibility of ego. The conclusion of the discussion is as follows: In schizophrenics, The boundaries among the inner region of ego diminish. The boundary between ego and the outer world diminishes. Ego loses its flexibility. Ego contracts. PMID- 6532933 TI - The effect of acute hypercalcaemia on arginine induced growth hormone release in diabetic man. AB - The effect of mild hypercalcaemia on the growth hormone (GH), C-peptide and glucose responses to arginine infusion in patients with insulin-dependent idiopathic diabetes mellitus (ID) was compared with that observed in patients whose diabetes was secondary to idiopathic haemochromatosis (IH) and chronic pancreatitis (CP). The summated GH responses to arginine infusion alone were similar in all three groups. Mild hypercalcaemia significantly diminished the GH response to arginine in patients with secondary diabetes, but not in those with ID. As the blood glucose and C-peptide responses were similar in the presence of a normal or raised serum calcium, the differences in GH response could not be ascribed to changes in blood glucose levels or to alterations in endogenous insulin release. For reasons as yet unknown, hypercalcaemia appears to have more of a stabilizing effect on the pituitary somatotrophic granules of those with secondary diabetes than in those with ID. PMID- 6532934 TI - Different effects of metoclopramide and domperidone on GH release in type I male diabetics. AB - Dopamine (DA) has a physiological role in the control of GH release from the pituitary. Studies have been carried out using DA agonist or antagonist, since in normal subjects DA does not cross the blood-brain-barrier (BBB). In contrast, the BBB is altered in type I diabetics, who respond to DA with a significant increase of GH release. In these patients Metoclopramide (MCP), an antidopaminergic drug, is also capable of stimulating GH release. In a previous paper, we suggested that this effect could be related to enhanced blood concentrations of DA, due to a reduced peripheral DA catabolism determined by MCP. However, since MCP crosses the BBB, an effect of this drug on other hypothalamic neurotransmitters could not be excluded. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether Domperidone (DOM) a drug which does not cross the BBB, but as well as MCP is thought to increase blood levels of DA, is also capable of inducing GH release in diabetics. Sixteen type I male diabetics were injected intravenously with MCP (6) or DOM (10) and a week later with normal saline. Ten normal subjects participated as controls to all three tests. MCP and DOM did not produce any effects in the normal controls; as expected, MCP induced a marked increase in serum levels of GH in the diabetics, while in contrast DOM did not stimulate GH secretion in diabetics. These data suggest that the effect of MCP is not due to the dopaminergic pathway previously described, but rather to a modulation of some other neurotransmitter at hypothalamic level, or to a direct effect on the pituitary in diabetics. PMID- 6532935 TI - Fatty acid composition of amniotic fluid lecithin and its relationship to amniotic fluid C-peptide in diabetic pregnancy. AB - Fatty acid composition in lecithin and C-peptide was analysed in amniotic fluid samples obtained from 28 normal and 24 insulin-treated diabetic women in the 34th to 39th week of pregnancy. The pattern of changes of fatty acid composition of amniotic fluid (AF) lecithin was essentially the same in pregnancies complicated by diabetes as in non-diabetic controls. However, at 36/37 weeks, the mean values for palmitoleic acid (16:1) were statistically higher in diabetic women (P less than 0.02), and the mean values for stearic acid (18:0) were higher for normals (P less than 0.02). The mean C-peptide value was more than twice as high (0.71 nmol/l) in the diabetic group than in the control group (P less than 0.01). The lecithin/sphingomyelin (L/S) and palmitic/stearic acid (P/S) ratios were equal in both groups. Neither in five diabetic patients with fetuses indicating marked hyperinsulinism (C-peptide greater than 1.0 nmol/l) nor in the remaining group of patients was there any relationship between C-peptide levels and the lecithin fatty acid composition. PMID- 6532937 TI - Diabetic vasculopathy in the rat: an in vivo microscopic study of the circulation. AB - A transparent tissue chamber adapted to the rat back was used for in vivo observation of vascular and circulatory changes in the streptozotocin diabetic rat. The chamber was implanted in a functional and richly vascularized bed of striated muscle. Extensive red cell rouleaux formation was observed within 2-7 days of induction of hyperglycaemia and was closely followed by development of constrictions and dilatations in both venules and arterioles. In 3 of 7 diabetic rats saccular microaneurysms, similar in form to those reported in diabetic animals and humans, developed in the vascular bed. The rat back chamber provides an opportunity for continuous in vivo study of vascular lesions developing in streptozotocin diabetes. Fixation under microscopic observation allows close correlation of functional changes in vivo with the ultrastructural appearance of specific tissue areas. PMID- 6532936 TI - A metabolic profile of fed and fasting genetically obese mice at 4-5 months of age. AB - Indices of both carbohydrate and lipid metabolism were examined in obese (C57BL/6J ob/ob) mice and lean controls at 4-5 months of age in both the fed and fasted condition. Swiss albino mice (1.5-2 months in age), weight-matched to the inbred lean mice, were also investigated but differences in the metabolic parameters between these groups of mice were confounded by the dissimilarity in age. The concentrations of lactate and alanine in plasma were significantly higher in ob/ob mice than the lean controls in the fed state but this difference disappeared with fasting. Plasma levels of FFA and glycerol were similar in all three groups of mice in both the fed and fasted states. The significantly lower concentrations of plasma ketone bodies in ob/ob mice than the lean controls after a 24 h fast would suggest that the transition from the fed to fasted condition in the hepatic metabolism of the obese mouse does indeed occur more slowly. Yet after a 48 h fast, ob/ob mice had significantly higher levels of hepatic glycogen than comparably fasted lean control. Likewise, plasma glucose values decreased in ob/ob mice during food deprivation but remained significantly higher than those of the lean controls after 48 h fast. Excessive accumulation of triacylglycerols in liver and heart found in ob/ob mice in the fed condition was maintained during a fast of 48 h even though their level in plasma was significantly lower than in the comparably fasted lean control. We propose that an increase in the concentration of triacylglycerols in liver, heart and skeletal muscle may be an intracellular index of decreased insulin effectiveness in the genetically obese mouse. PMID- 6532938 TI - Plasma lipoproteins in streptozotocin-diabetic rats, after Triton WR-1339 treatment. AB - In an attempt to examine whether the VLDL secreted by diabetic rats may be different from that by normal rats, plasma obtained after Triton WR-1339 treatment was analyzed. After Triton treatment, a marked increase in plasma triglyceride levels with lesser increases in cholesterol and phospholipids was observed in both diabetic and control rats. The degree of such increases was almost equal between two groups of rats. The large increases in plasma lipid levels presumably reflect the increase in plasma VLDL fraction. The lipid composition of VLDL of diabetic rats was very similar to that of normal controls. The LDL fraction of diabetic rats was low in its contents of both cholesterol and phospholipids compared with that of normal controls. The composition of IDL and HDL in diabetic rats was similar to that of controls. From these data, we suggest that the VLDL of diabetic rats secreted under basal fasting condition is not different in its lipid composition as well as in amounts from that of controls. PMID- 6532939 TI - Osmotic resistance of rat erythrocytes in hyperinsulinism and streptozotocin diabetes as compared with cholesterol and sialic acid contents of erythrocyte ghosts. AB - The osmotic resistances of rat erythrocytes compared with the contents of some ghost constituents were studied in rats with normal insulin level, insulin deficiency (streptozotocin diabetes) and in hyperinsulinism. In streptozotocin diabetes rat erythrocytes a higher than control resistance to osmotic haemolysis was found. This was accompanied by and increased volume of erythrocytes, a lower yield of ghost isolation, higher cholesterol and lower than normal sialic acid contents. Insulin treatment of rats induced a lowered osmotic resistance of erythrocytes. This was connected with an increase in erythrocyte volume and yield of ghost isolation. Simultaneously a decrease in membrane cholesterol content of sialic acids were observed. PMID- 6532940 TI - Judgments of size and distance with imaging displays. PMID- 6532941 TI - A variable-memory model of visual search. PMID- 6532942 TI - The influence of the reflective-impulsive cognitive style on visual inspection. PMID- 6532943 TI - A job severity index for the evaluation and control of lifting injury. PMID- 6532944 TI - [DNA antibodies during the clinical course of systemic lupus erythematosus]. AB - IgG-dsDNA-antibodies are of prognostic value in the course of SLE. At present it remains open whether they are suitable to use them for therapeutic measures. PMID- 6532945 TI - [Treatment of an acute dermatomyositis with cyclosporin A]. AB - A 15-year-old girl suffering from acute dermatomyositis was treated with cyclosporin A after conventional therapy had failed. During this treatment there was a marked decrease of the myolysis and improvement of the paresis. PMID- 6532946 TI - [Comparative protein analytic studies of various intravenous 7S-immunoglobulin preparations]. AB - Seven different commercial intravenous 7S-immunoglobulin preparations have been examined by electrophoresis, immunoelectrophoresis, quantitative determination of immunoglobulins and other proteins, gel chromatography and analytical ultracentrifugation. No significant difference concerning IgG and monomeric immunoglobulin concentrations was observed. The content of IgM, dimers and polymers showed slight, that of IgA considerable differences. All immunoglobulin preparations comply with the European Pharmacopoea requirements. The rate of adverse reactions should be equally low due to similar dimer and polymer contents. IgA-free preparations are considered to be more suitable in primary hypogammaglobulinaemia whereas IgA-containing preparations could be of benefit in acquired hypogammaglobulinaemia. While the presence of an intact immunoglobulin molecule is thought to be essential for its full therapeutic efficacy, the influence of the preparation method is still in debate. PMID- 6532947 TI - Prevalence of antibodies in different age groups to pandemic & epidemic strains of influenza virus. PMID- 6532948 TI - Autotransferable sulphamethoxazole & trimethoprim resistance in Salmonella oranienburg strains isolated during epidemics in Delhi & Bombay. PMID- 6532949 TI - Transmissible antibiotic resistance among Shigella species. PMID- 6532950 TI - Occurrence & significance of Campylobacter jejuni in Calcutta. PMID- 6532951 TI - Prevalence of Campylobacter jejuni in an abattoir. PMID- 6532952 TI - Characterization of an established cell line from Culex bitaeniorhynchus (Giles). PMID- 6532953 TI - Effectiveness of oral glucose electrolyte solution in the treatment of acute diarrhoeas in neonates & young infants. PMID- 6532954 TI - Cord blood prolactin in normal & abnormal deliveries. PMID- 6532956 TI - Ocular & clinico-epidemiological study of epidemic dropsy. PMID- 6532955 TI - Influence of vitamin B-complex deficiency on lead intoxication in young rats. PMID- 6532957 TI - Accuracy of cytology in screening for cervical cancer. PMID- 6532958 TI - Abnormal haemoglobins in subjects belonging to scheduled castes in Udaipur district (Rajasthan). PMID- 6532959 TI - Changes in the levels of protein & bound hexose during cataractogenesis. PMID- 6532960 TI - Urinary excretion of DDA: 2, 2-bis (4-chlorophenyl) acetic acid as an index of DDT exposure in men. PMID- 6532961 TI - Antiarrhythmic activity of buprenorphine against cardiac arrhythmia following coronary artery ligation. PMID- 6532962 TI - Cardiac toxicity in pesticide formulators exposed to organophosphate insecticides. PMID- 6532963 TI - Prevalence of rotavirus infection among neonates in Calcutta. PMID- 6532964 TI - Pathogenicity of Yersinia enterocolitica. PMID- 6532965 TI - Serological studies of Entamoeba histolytica infection in north Indian population. PMID- 6532966 TI - Evaluation of Bacillus sphaericus & B. thuringiensis H-14 for mosquito control in rice fields. PMID- 6532967 TI - Toxicity of Bacillus sphaericus strains to selected target & non-target aquatic organisms. PMID- 6532968 TI - Kinetics of chloroquine & contraceptive steroids in oral contraceptive users during concurrent chloroquine prophylaxis. PMID- 6532969 TI - Essential fatty acid nutritional status in phrynoderma. PMID- 6532970 TI - Thyroiditis in adenomatous goitre & adenoma of thyroid. PMID- 6532971 TI - Haematopoietic committed stem cells in carcinoma oesophagus. PMID- 6532972 TI - A new haptoglobin variant found in the Ahirs of Cutch (Gujarat). PMID- 6532973 TI - Aspirin in experimental cataractogenesis. PMID- 6532974 TI - Anti-implantation effect of neem oil. PMID- 6532975 TI - Nickel in the human environment. Proceedings of a joint symposium. Lyon, France, 8-11 March 1983. PMID- 6532976 TI - Nickel and cancer associations from a multicancer occupation exposure case referent study: preliminary findings. AB - Since 1979 our group has been engaged in a case-referent study of 12 tumour types (oesophagus, stomach, colon, rectum, liver, pancreas, lung, melanoma of skin, prostate, bladder, kidney, lymphoid tissue) and occupational exposure. The study covers the entire Montreal population of males aged 35-70; cases are ascertained in all major hospitals. The interview concerns various sociodemographic variables and a detailed job history. Each job history is evaluated by a team of chemists who infer for each job what the possible physical and chemical exposures were. The list of exposures thus inferred is added to the subject's data file. Each site and each exposure noted in any patient's history are statistically evaluated for possible association. Until June 1982, 1 343 cancer cases and 144 general population subjects had been thus interviewed. For the present purpose, all 1 487 files were reviewed to assign exposure to nickel, and nickel exposure was attributed to 79 subjects. Mantel-Haenszel analyses were carried out comparing each site with a referent group consisting of all other interviewees (other sites and healthy controls). Only the nickel-lung association turned out to be remarkable, with an odds ratio of 3.1, 95% confidence limits 1.9-5.0, and some indication of dose-response effect. The risk was particularly high among stainless-steel welders, though other nickel-exposed workers were also at risk. These findings probably reflect a real risk; however, we cannot be certain that nickel is responsible. Exposure to chromium compounds was so highly correlated with nickel that the observed nickel association may simply have reflected a confounding effect of chromium. Confounding with other occupational exposures is also possible. PMID- 6532977 TI - A mortality study of Falconbridge workers. PMID- 6532978 TI - Carcinogenicity of nickel compounds in animals. AB - A total of 18 nickel compounds were tested for carcinogenicity in male Fischer rats by a single i.m. injection at equivalent dosages (14 mg Ni/rat). Within two years, the following incidences of sarcomas occurred at the injection site: nickel subsulfide (alpha Ni3S2), 100%, crystalline nickel monosulfide (beta NiS), 100%; nickel ferrosulfide (Ni4FeS4), 100%; nickel oxide (NiO), 93%; nickel subselenide (Ni3Se2), 91%; nickel sulfarsenide (NiAsS), 88%; nickel disulfide (NiS2), 86%; nickel subarsenide (Ni5AS2), 85%; nickel dust, 65%; nickel antimonide (NiSb), 59%; nickel telluride (NiTe), 54%; nickel monoselenide (NiSe), 50%; nickel subarsenide (Ni11AS8), 50%; amorphous nickel monosulfide (NiS), 12%; nickel chromate (NiCrO4), 6%; nickel monoarsenide (NiAs), 0%; nickel titanate (NiTiO3), 0%, ferronickel alloy (NiFe1.6), 0%; 84 vehicle controls, 0%. Distant metastases were found in 109 of 180 sarcoma-bearing rats (61%). The nickel induced sarcomas included rhabdomyosarcomas, 52%, fibrosarcomas, 18%, undifferentiated sarcomas, 13%, osteosarcomas, 8%, and miscellaneous and unclassified sarcomas, 9%. Kendall's rank-correlation test showed that the carcinogenic activities of the compounds were correlated (p = 0.02) with their nickel mass-fractions, but not with dissolution half-times in rat serum or renal cytosol, or with phagocytic indices by rat peritoneal macrophages in vitro. Rank correlation (p less than 0.0001) was found between the carcinogenic activities and the potencies of the compounds to induce erythrocytosis in rats. The discovery that the carcinogenic activities of particulate nickel compounds are correlated with a physical property, namely the nickel mass-fraction, may help to elucidate the mechanisms of nickel carcinogenesis; the observation that nickel stimulation of erythropoiesis is correlated with carcinogenic activity provides a new in vivo screening test for use in determining the carcinogenic risk of nickel compounds. PMID- 6532979 TI - Pathogenicity of inhaled nickel compounds in hamsters. AB - To investigate the pathogenicity of nickel oxide (NiO), hamsters received life span exposures to that compound (approximately 55 mg/m3) seven hours per day, five days per week. Heavy pulmonary nickel oxide burdens resulted in pneumoconiosis but in no significant carcinogenicity, specific toxicity, or mortality. Two-month exposures of hamsters to nickel-enriched fly ash (NEFA) or fly ash (FA) aerosols (approximately 185 mg/m3) resulted in a deep lung burden of about 5.7 mg, dark discoloration of lungs, heavily dust-laden macrophages, and significantly higher lung weights than in controls, but only minimal inflammatory reaction and no deaths. The NEFA contained 9% nickel; FA contained 0.03% nickel. Exposure to aerosols of NEFA (70 or 15 mg/m3; 6% nickel) or FA (70 mg/m3; 0.3% nickel) for 20 months had no effect on body weight or life-span of the animals. Lung weights and volumes of the high-NEFA- and FA-exposed animals were higher than those of the low-NEFA group and controls. The incidence and severity of interstitial reaction and bronchiolization were significantly higher in the dust exposed groups than in the controls. The severity of dust deposition, interstitial reaction, and bronchiolization was significantly lower in the low NEFA group than in the high-NEFA and FA groups. Our findings revealed no significant nickel-specific toxicity/carcinogenicity in hamsters exposed to aerosols of nickel oxide or NEFA, but exposure to high concentrations of the oxide resulted in nonspecific dust pneumoconiosis. PMID- 6532980 TI - Toxicity and transformation potency of nickel compounds in BHK cells in vitro. AB - An in vitro bioassay utilizing BHK-21 cells in culture was used to determine the relative transformation potency of nickel metal and a number of nickel compounds. These included as relatively insoluble particulates a known carcinogen, nickel subsulfide (Ni3S2) and several oxides either of commercial interest or found in the working environment in the metal industry [e.g., nickel oxide (NiO)], and a soluble salt, nickel acetate [Ni(CH3COO)2]. Although a wide range of transformation potency was found as a function of the dose of nickel per area of culture, all substances produced the same number of transformed colonies at the same degree of toxicity (e.g., 50% survival). Toxicity may arise from nickel originating in membrane-bound or phagocytized particles, or nickel available from solution. If toxicity is a direct measure of net available nickel, then apparently nickel or nickel ion per se is the ultimate transforming agent, independent of source or uptake mechanism. PMID- 6532981 TI - Influence of physicochemical properties, methods of preparation and purity of nickel compounds on their biological effects. AB - Epidemiological investigations carried out on workers in certain areas of nickel refineries have shown that a relationship exists between exposure to certain nickel compounds and cancer of the nasal passages and the lungs. Animal experiments have shown that nickel compounds cause tumours, the carcinogenicity being greater the lower the solubility of the compound in water (solubility less than 10(-3) mole/l). Amorphous nickel monosulfide (solubility less than 10(-5) mole/l) is an exception to this rule. It has been demonstrated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy that the surface properties of crystalline nickel monosulfide differ from those of the amorphous variety, in that amorphous nickel monosulfide has a positive surface charge while that of the crystalline sulfide is negative. It would seem that, as in the case of asbestos, a negative surface charge is an important factor in the ability to transform cells. Carcinogens are electrophiles. The differences in the behaviour of nickel compounds can be explained by the theory of hard and soft acids and bases. These considerations and the differences in the rates of cell transformation show the importance of the methods used to prepare the compounds (precipitation from solution, reaction between the elements in vacuo, solid-gas reactions) which very often lead to the formation of non-stoichiometric phases (hexagonal nickel monosulfide, nickel monoxide, high-temperature nickel subsulfide) having completely different thermodynamic, electrical, magnetic and surface properties and specific surface areas. Phase and Eh pH diagrams as well as those of Ellingham (1948) for the nickel oxides and sulfides show that certain phases are unstable and that it is important to specify precisely the conditions governing storage, grinding, handling and injection. A precise knowledge is required of the chemical composition of ores, mattes and dusts, since certain elements and compounds, e.g., manganese, even when present only in trace amounts, can act either as promoters or inhibitors in biological processes. This paper therefore demonstrates the importance of specifying the methods of preparation and determining the physico-chemical properties and purity of nickel compounds before biological studies are undertaken. PMID- 6532982 TI - Z-form induction in DNA by carcinogenic nickel compounds: an optical spectroscopy study. AB - The B----Z conformational transition of double-stranded poly(dG-dC) induced by various nickel salts (chloride, sulfate, subsulfide, carbonate) has been studied by ultraviolet absorption and circular dichroism. The spectra of the nickel compounds, both free and complexed with DNA, have been obtained in the visible and near infrared regions. In all cases the nickel adopts the hexacoordinated ionic form [Ni(H2O6]2+ and induces the B----Z transition of the nucleic acid at submillimolar concentrations (typically 0.4 mM). The addition to the poly(dG-dC) poly(dG-dC) of an antitumoral drug, pentaziridinocyclodiphosphathiazene (SOAz), inhibits the B----Z transition even at a ten-fold higher nickel concentration (4 mM). Possible implications for carcinogenesis are discussed. PMID- 6532983 TI - Cancer mortality associated with the high-temperature oxidation of nickel subsulfide. AB - An historical prospective mortality study of INCO's Ontario work-force has been conducted. A cohort of approximately 54 000 men, employed in all aspects of the extraction and refining of copper and nickel from the Sudbury ore deposit, have been followed for mortality between 1950 and 1976. A total of 5 283 deaths were identified by computerized record-linkage to the Canadian Mortality Data Base of death certificates. The analysis focuses on mortality from cancer of the nasal sinuses, larynx, lung, and kidney. Little evidence was found for increased mortality from laryngeal or kidney cancer, but lung and nasal cancer deaths were clearly elevated in men exposed to the two Sudbury area sinter plants and at Port Colborne in the leaching, calcining, and sintering department. The standardized mortality ratio (SMR) for lung cancer increases linearly with increasing duration of exposure and there is no evidence of a threshold. The nasal cancer mortality rate also rises linearly with duration of exposure. While lung cancer has a greater excess in the Sudbury sinter plant than at Port Colborne, the reverse is true for mortality from nasal cancer, which is ten times more frequent at Port Colborne than at Sudbury. PMID- 6532984 TI - The low-technology monitoring of atmospheric metal pollution in central Scotland. AB - In epidemiological studies covering relationships of disease patterns and patterns of atmospheric pollution, conventional filtering equipment is normally used for monitoring the pollution. For various reasons, however, this type of approach often results in levels of pollution being obtained for only a few sites within an extensive fieldwork area. Hence, alternative monitoring techniques, which allow a high density of sampling sites in an area, have been of interest to an increasing number of investigators. The monitors used, known as low-technology monitors, fall into two main categories; indigenous; and transplants. In our own surveys of atmospheric metal pollutants in industrial communities in Scotland, the indigenous sample materials have included: Hypnum cupressiforme, Lecanora conizaeoides, Agropyron repens and surface soils. In our transplant surveys a variety of different low-technology samplers have been deployed, the most frequently used being: spherical and flat moss bags, Hypogymnia physodes, 'Tak' (synthetic fabric), and total deposition collectors. The data obtained from the various surveys have been plotted on a variety of types of computer map to minimize any systematic bias resulting from the use of a single technique. The pollution patterns found in one particular town were partly unexpected, in view of the dominant wind direction in the locality concerned. Hence it was decided to carry out a wind tunnel experiment to investigate the situation further. The wind tunnel experiment produced results which were consistent with the patterns of pollution derived from the metal surveys, and revealed that the meteorological dispersal of the pollution was unexpectedly influenced by local topography. Because pulmonary pathology was the main focus of the complementary epidemiological study, an investigation of the size, shape and roughness of the metal particles was considered relevant. This investigation involved the examination of samplers and their particles by means of the electron microscope. To complete the study of the methodology of low-technology samplers in this town, their uptake is also being compared to that of filtering equipment (high technology samplers). The information gained from the present survey at this early stage has indicated that several of the low-technology monitors could have considerable value in the provision of continuous, but low-cost, surveillance of the air quality of wide areas of industrial communities. PMID- 6532985 TI - Effect of cadmium pretreatment on nickel toxicity. AB - Pretreatment with nickel has earlier been shown to protect against cadmium intoxication. The effect of cadmium pretreatment on the nephro- and hepatotoxicity of nickel has been investigated. The administration of cadmium (6 mg/kg, i.m., once) to rats significantly enhanced urinary excretion of ALP, LDH, GOT, amino acids and proteins and increased the activity of serum ALP, GOT, and GPT, while the administration of nickel (6 mg/kg, i.p., 3 days) altered these parameters less significantly. These changes in urine and serum were used as a measure of renal and hepatic damage. The administration of nickel for three days, one week after cadmium treatment, caused significantly more marked enzymuria, aminoaciduria, proteinuria and an increase in the activity of serum enzymes than induced by either of them individually. However, cadmium pretreatment had no influence on urinary excretion or hepatic uptake of nickel, but increased renal uptake of nickel on the fourth day. The results suggest that cadmium enhances the nephro- and hepatotoxicity of nickel. PMID- 6532986 TI - Nickel exposure: a human health hazard. PMID- 6532987 TI - Risks of high nickel intake with diet. AB - Food items with a high nickel content have been identified. The daily nickel intake for an average Danish diet is 150 micrograms/day. Calculations indicate, however, that the intake on special occasions may reach 900 micrograms/day, which may cause a flare of hand eczema in nickel-sensitive patients. PMID- 6532988 TI - Respiratory cancer mortality of Welsh nickel refinery workers. PMID- 6532989 TI - Kinetics of nickel and chromium in rats exposed to different stainless-steel welding fumes. AB - The kinetics of nickel and chromium from welding fumes were studied in the rat. To study the retention, the duration of exposure was one hour per working day for one, two, three, and four weeks. For the clearance study the follow-up period after four weeks' exposure was 106 days. Multi-element chemical analysis of the fumes and dried lungs was done using instrumental neutron activation analysis, and the concentrations in the body fluids were determined by atomic absorption spectroscopy. The maximum lung retention of metal inert-gas (MIG) welding fumes was somewhat higher than that of manual metal arc (MMA) welding fumes. The estimated maximum concentrations in the lungs were 9.5 micrograms/g and 150 micrograms/g for nickel after four weeks' exposure to MMA and MIG welding fumes. The corresponding concentrations of chromium were 78 micrograms/g and 310 micrograms/g. The measured concentrations were lower, however. The amounts of nickel cleared from the lungs during the MMA and MIG exposures were 0.9 microgram and 8 micrograms. The corresponding amounts of chromium were 9.6 micrograms and 2 micrograms. Practically all of the lost metals were found in the urine, in which the excretion rates were 0.07 microgram/d (MMA) and 0.39 microgram/d (MIG) for nickel and 0.23 microgram/d (MMA) and 0.11 microgram/d (MIG) for chromium. PMID- 6532990 TI - Occupational exposure to airborne nickel in producing and using primary nickel products. PMID- 6532991 TI - Environmental nickel pathways to man. AB - From representative values of nickel concentrations in the background environment, a pathways analysis and exposure assessment for man is performed. Estimated daily intakes of nickel are of the order of 170 micrograms via ingestion and 0.4 microgram via inhalation. The ingestion pathway is thus quite predominant in normal circumstances. From the estimated body burden of nickel of 500 micrograms, the effective mean retention time of nickel in the body is inferred to be 200 days. The exposure evaluation is performed for total nickel in the environment and in man. Assessments for specific nickel compounds can be made as data become available. PMID- 6532992 TI - Biological monitoring in nickel refinery workers. AB - A study was carried out at the Clydach, Wales, refinery of INCO Europe Ltd, in which urinary and serum nickel levels were compared with results derived from personal atmospheric sampling during: (a) normal operating conditions; (b) after a prolonged lay-off; and (c) one month after resumption of normal activities. On an individual basis, poor correlations between atmospheric and biological monitoring were observed but when work groups were considered it was found that atmospheric insoluble nickel correlated with both urinary nickel (correlation coefficient = 0.86, p = 0.02) and serum nickel (correlation coefficient = 0.87, p = 0.02). Men using respiratory protection had biological levels which were approximately one-quarter of what would have been expected from the atmospheric figures and men working with soluble nickel salts had urinary nickel levels three times in excess of those expected. There was no statistical difference between observed results and those corrected for creatinine content or specific gravity, nor was there any difference between randomly collected or first morning urine samples. Biological monitoring of nickel workers can be considered as having a role to play in assessing whether protective measures at the place of work are functioning properly, and a tentative scheme is suggested which could make use of biological monitoring, together with atmospheric monitoring, in the occupational health care of refinery workers. PMID- 6532993 TI - A retrospective cohort mortality study among workers occupationally exposed to metallic nickel powder at the Oak Ridge Gaseous Diffusion Plant. AB - The Oak Ridge Gaseous Diffusion Plant (ORGDP) employed over 800 white male workers between 1 January 1948, and 31 December 1953, in the manufacture of "barrier" material that required metallic nickel powder in its production. A retrospective cohort study was conducted to determine whether persons working with metallic nickel powder have a higher mortality from cancers of the respiratory tract than non-nickel workers. A comparison group was defined as all white males employed at ORGDP sometime between 1 January 1948, and 31 December 1953, who had no indications of occupational involvement in barrier production. This group comprised over 7 500 workers. Vital status determination has been completed up to 31 December 1977, allowing at least 24 years of follow-up for all persons in the study. Death certificates were available for 97% of the deaths among the nickel workers and non-nickel worker groups. End-points of interest were selected site-specific cancers and the general overall pattern of disease specific mortality. Mortality rates in the nickel workers and non-nickel worker groups were compared with those for the white male population of the United States and with each other. There was no evidence of increased mortality due to lung cancers or nasal sinus cancers in nickel workers. Increases (not statistically significant) in mortality due to cancers of the buccal cavity and pharynx, and of the digestive system were observed in the nickel worker group, compared with the non-nickel worker group. PMID- 6532994 TI - Mortality patterns among stainless-steel workers. AB - Mortality patterns were studied for former workers at plants of seven companies in the United States engaged in the production of stainless and low nickel alloy steels. All deaths were included for at least a five-year period up to the end of 1977 for each plant. Age at death, whether or not the potential for exposure to nickel existed, sex, race and cause of death were recorded. Data on 4 882 deaths, including complete data on 4 487 deaths of white males, were obtained. An age standardized proportional mortality analysis of the 4 487 deaths of white males showed that there was a slightly lower proportion of deaths from cancer, and specifically from cancer of the lung or kidney, than would be expected from the age-specific proportional mortality patterns observed in the United States as a whole. This holds regardless of whether or not there was the potential for exposure to nickel. No exposure effect was substantiated apart from variation among plants. Furthermore, no nasal cancers were observed either for white males or others, which strongly indicates that the problem previously observed among nickel refinery workers with respect to nasal cancer does not exist among workers engaged in the production and processing of stainless and low nickel alloy steels. PMID- 6532995 TI - Site-specific cancer mortality among workers involved in the production of high nickel alloys. AB - This report describes the cause-specific mortality patterns of 28 261 workers employed at 12 plants involved in the production of high nickel alloys during the late 1950s and 1960s and followed up to 31 December 1977. Findings for site specific cancers that have previously been related to nickel exposures are: (1) Overall, no statistically significant increased risk has been observed for cancers of the lung, nasal sinuses, larynx or kidney. (2) When data were examined by occupational groupings, an excess risk of dying from cancers of the lung of about 25-50% for males employed in maintenance categories has been noted. It is unclear whether the greater risk is directly associated with nickel exposures, particularly since a similar excess is not found in other occupational groups where nickel exposures are also present. Two other cancer sites, liver and large intestine, not previously associated with nickel exposures in epidemiological studies, demonstrate a statistically significant standardized mortality ratio (SMR). The SMRs are 182 and 233 respectively, and observed increases in SMRs are found primarily among longer-term workers in the industry but are not concentrated in a particular work area or occupational category. No conclusion regarding a causal association with nickel has been drawn for these two sites at this time. PMID- 6532997 TI - N-nitroso compounds: occurrence, biological effects and relevance to human cancer. Proceedings of the VIIIth International Symposium on N-Nitroso Compounds. Banff, Canada, 5-9 September 1983. PMID- 6532996 TI - Mortality patterns among nickel/chromium alloy foundry workers. AB - All deaths between 1968 and 1979 from 26 foundries were studied to determine whether exposure to nickel/chromium resulted in an increased rate of any cause specific mortality. The mortality experience of 851 foundrymen exposed to nickel/chromium was compared to that of 141 unexposed foundrymen. No nasal cancers were found. The exposed subgroup had a slightly lower proportion of cancer deaths, including lung cancer, and a slightly higher rate of nonmalignant respiratory disease deaths compared with the unexposed subgroup. Length of exposure was not significantly related to any of the selected cause-specific proportional mortality rates after adjusting for age, length of employment, and race. Standardized comparisons with the 1974 United States mortality patterns indicated that the total numbers of lung cancer and all cancer deaths were not significantly different from expected values for these exposed foundrymen, although there was an excess of lung cancer deaths among white males aged 65-99. These lung cancer rates followed an increasing trend with increasing length of foundry employment, although the trend was not statistically significant. However, this pattern does suggest that the excess of lung cancer deaths may be associated with length of foundry employment rather than exposure to nickel/chromium. There was a significant excess of respiratory system disease deaths among exposed workers associated with length of foundry employment, regardless of exposure to nickel/chromium. When all malignant and nonmalignant respiratory disease deaths are combined, there is no evidence of an increased risk associated with exposure to nickel/chromium. PMID- 6532998 TI - Pitfalls to avoid in determining N-nitroso compounds as a group. PMID- 6532999 TI - A new Thermal Energy Analyzer for direct high-performance liquid chromatographic and gas chromatographic analysis of N-nitrosamides. AB - The Thermal Energy Analyzer (TEA) has been modified to make it capable of detecting compounds such as N-nitrosamides. This modified TEA(amide) can be used with both gas chromatography (GC) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Analysis of underivatized N-nitroso amides by GC-TEA(amide) and HPLC TEA(amide) are also described. PMID- 6533000 TI - N-nitrosamine analysis in foods: N-nitrosoamino acids by high-performance liquid chromatography/thermal energy analysis and total N-nitroso compounds by chemical denitrosation/thermal energy analysis. AB - The total N-nitroso content of foods can be measured by chemical denitrosation and chemiluminescent detection of the eliminated nitric oxide. Appropriate procedures substantially reduce the 'system response' to the denitrosating agent, so that N-nitroso group contents down to 10 micrograms/kg can be measured on a one-gram sample. Using N-nitrosamine standards added to beer, the coefficients of variation are approximately 10% and 5% at N-nitroso contents of 19 and 94 micrograms/kg, respectively. In cured meats, the coefficient of variation for unidentified N-nitroso compounds is 26% for a 0.3-g sample containing 600 micrograms/kg. Some interference from non-nitroso compounds is possible, but, in some commodities at least, these interfering compounds are not detectable. Conditions have been established that allow measurement of N-nitrosoamino acids in foods using a high-pressure liquid chromatograph interfaced to a Thermal Energy Analyzer, without the need for prior derivatization. After extraction of lipids with hexane, nitrosoamino acids are extracted with ethyl acetate and subjected to appropriate clean-up stages prior to high pressure liquid chromatography on Microbondapak CN with a hexane:ethanol:acetic acid mobile phase and Thermal Energy Analyzer detection. Recoveries from cured meat are in the 55 75% range for N-nitrososarcosine, N-nitrosoproline and N-nitrosohydroxyproline; elution is complete within seven minutes. PMID- 6533001 TI - On-line combination of high-performance liquid chromatography and total N-nitroso determination apparatus for the determination of N-nitrosamides and other N nitroso compounds, and some recent data on the levels of N-nitrosoproline in foods and beverages. AB - A simple high-performance liquid chromatographic chemiluminescence detection method has been developed for the quantitative determination of N-nitrosamides and is based on post-column denitrosation of the compounds with hydrogen bromide acetic acid or hydrogen iodide-acetic acid, followed by detection of the liberated NO by a chemiluminescence detector (TEATM). The method was used for the simultaneous analysis of DiazaldR, N-nitroso-N-methylurea, N-methyl-N'-nitro-N nitrosoguandine and streptozotocin standards, and for N-methyl-N-nitrosourea extracted from model-system reaction mixtures and spiked, cured meats. The minimum detection limit of N-methyl-N-nitrosourea was about 0.5 ng. The method for the determination of N-nitrosarcosine and N-nitrosoproline in foods and beverages has been improved by replacing diazomethane with a mixture of BF3 methanol as the esterifying reagent and by simplifying the clean-up technique for purifying the prepared methyl esters. The average levels of N-nitrosoproline detected in 11 malts, 37 beers, 11 samples of fried bacon and 18 cured-meat products were found to be 24.1 micrograms/kg (5-113), 1.7 micrograms/kg (undetectable-6.0), 19.0 micrograms/kg (0.9-67.5), and 3.2 micrograms/kg (undetectable-21.6), respectively. PMID- 6533002 TI - Nonvolatile N-nitrosamine investigations: methods for the determination of N nitrosoamino acids and preliminary results of the development of a method for the determination of N-nitrosodipeptides N-terminal in proline. AB - The development of a rapid method for the determination of N-nitrosoamino acids is reported. Preliminary recoveries of N-nitrosoamino acids in ham fortified with 20 micrograms/kg generally ranged from 70 to 100%. The synthesis and instrumental characterization of four N-nitrosodipeptides N-terminal in proline from nitrite in aqueous acid solution are reported. Electron ionization-mass spectroscopy and infra-red spectroscopy strongly support the conclusion that only the amine nitrogen, and not the amide nitrogen at the peptide bond, is nitrosated. High performance liquid chromatographic conditions are described for the separation of the synthesized N-nitrosodipeptides. PMID- 6533003 TI - Analysis for and intestinal metabolism of precursor nitroso compounds in normal subjects and in patients with chronic renal failure. AB - We have demonstrated that patients with chronic renal failure generate increased amounts of both dimethylamine and N-nitrosodimethylamine in the small bowel in association with aerobic and anaerobic bacterial overgrowth. The significance of these findings in relation to the reported increased incidence of cancer in patients with chronic renal failure has not yet been defined. PMID- 6533004 TI - Nitrosation of piperazine in man. AB - Piperazine, a secondary amine used as an anthelmintic drug, nitrosates rapidly in vitro to form two nitrosamines. Anhydrous piperazine and a drug formulation were found to have a content of 0.2-20 micrograms of the suspected carcinogen, N mononitrosopiperazine, per gram of piperazine, but no detectable amount of the carcinogen, N,N'-dinitrosopiperazine. The possible nitrosation of the drug piperazine in man was investigated, with the following results. Thirty min after oral administration of 480 mg piperazine to four, fasting, healthy, male volunteers, gastric juice contained 0.14-0.23 micrograms/mL N mononitrosopiperazine, as determined by gas chromatography-thermal energy analysis. The total amount produced in the stomach is estimated to have been 30 66 micrograms. The nitrosamine was not detected in blood, but was excreted in the urine, mainly during the first 8 h (0.8-2.5 micrograms). Half had appeared within 3 h. Acidification of the urine did not affect the excretion. N,N' Dinitrosopiperazine was never found in gastric juice, blood or urine. Co administration of 2 g ascorbic acid resulted in a significant, but incomplete and varying, inhibition of nitrosation in the stomach and of nitrosamine excretion in the urine. PMID- 6533005 TI - In-vivo formation of N-nitrosodimethylamine in humans after amidopyrine intake. AB - Several authors have described the occurrence of N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) in body fluids (e.g., blood and urine) and have interpreted this finding as an indication of endogenous formation of NDMA. Controlled excretion studies as well as careful control of artefacts showed, however, that, under normal conditions, NDMA formation in vivo cannot be monitored directly in urine due to a high metabolic conversion rate (more than 99.9%). Our own experiments showed an increased excretion rate (up to 2.4%) when ethanol was administered simultaneously. This model was used in experiments to monitor in-vivo formation of NDMA. Amidopyrine, a compound that is easily nitrosated, was administered as a single oral dose of 500 mg to volunteers. With ingestion of 20-30 g ethanol NDMA could be detected in urine. Negative control experiments indicate that the appearance of NDMA in urine derives from in-vivo nitrosation of the drug. Between 0.5 and 10 micrograms NDMA were excreted within 8 h, and excretion was influenced by salivary nitrite concentrations, which ranged from 5-220 mg/L. By comparison with our earlier excretion studies in humans, it can be assumed that only 1-2% of endogenously formed N-nitrosamine was found in urine. To our knowledge, this is the first time that in-vivo formation of NDMA has been shown directly to occur in humans. PMID- 6533006 TI - A sensitive new method for the detection of N-nitrosomorpholine formation in vivo. AB - A sensitive method was developed for quantitation of N-nitrosomorpholine (NMOR) formation in vivo in rats. A major metabolite of NMOR, N-nitroso(2 hydroxyethyl)glycine, was detected by gas chromatography-thermal energy analysis in the urine of rats treated with trace levels of NMOR or treated sequentially with morpholine and sodium nitrite. Since significant levels of 2 hydroxyethylglycine do not seem to occur in rat urine, even after treatment with morpholine, artefact formation was not a problem. Formation of 1 micrograms NMOR in vivo was readily detected. The formation of NMOR from morpholine and sodium nitrite in vivo in rats appeared to depend on the doses of morpholine and [sodium nitrite]2 and occurred in higher yield than reported for formation of N nitrosoproline, as expected. The formation of NMOR from morpholine and sodium nitrite under the conditions of the carcinogenicity study of Shank and Newberne was quantified. The daily levels of NMOR formation were highly variable, but the mean level was consistent with the tumorigenicity data in that dose-response study. PMID- 6533007 TI - N-nitrosoproline in urine from patients and healthy volunteers after administration of large amounts of nitrate. AB - Urines from 12 healthy volunteers, sampled from 0-24 h after the volunteers had been administered 9.5 g sodium nitrate intravenously or up to 10.5 g ammonium nitrate orally, were analysed for N-nitrosoproline (NPRO). The mean NPRO content in urines voided just before administration of nitrate was 4.1 micrograms/L. Mean NPRO levels remained low until 6 h after nitrate intake. Mean NPRO contents in urines voided 6-8 h, 8-10 h, 10-15 h and 15-24 h after nitrate administration were 10, 40, 74 and 53 micrograms/L. respectively. The highest NPRO content found was 320 micrograms/L. These findings demonstrate that intake of one large dose of nitrate leads to enhanced nitrosation in the body, which lasts at least one day. Surprisingly, in urine from 21 patients who had been ingesting 2.5-9 g ammonium nitrate daily for several months to prevent the redevelopment of calcium phosphate renal stones, only slightly enhanced NPRO levels were found: less than 1-32 micrograms/L; mean value, 6.2 micrograms/L. In most of the urines, from the healthy volunteers as well as from the patients, N-nitrosothiazolidine-4 carboxylic acid was also detected. Results from the volunteers indicated that urinary excretion of this compound also increases several hours after intake of one large dose of nitrate. PMID- 6533008 TI - Studies on the excretion of endogenously formed N-nitrosoproline. I. Percutaneous excretion of N-nitrosoproline in humans. AB - N-Nitrosoproline (NPRO) formed intragastrically after ingestion of 8 mg/kg body weight sodium nitrate and the same amount of proline was determined in the sweat of six volunteers during intensive sweating in a Finnish sauna (60-80 degrees C). The amounts of sweat and NPRO and the concentrations of this compound varied between individual volunteers and in the same subjects in consecutive experiments. Females excreted higher concentrations of NPRO in smaller amounts of sweat. During the second hour after the start of intragastric nitrosation of proline, the concentrations and amounts of NPRO in sweat decreased rapidly. PMID- 6533009 TI - N-nitrosoproline excretion in urine, faeces and milk from cows in relation to feed composition. AB - The technique of Ohshima and Bartsch for measuring the excretion of N nitrosoproline (NPRO) was applied in a balance trial with cows to estimate the in vivo formation of N-nitrosamines. In the first trial, a cow with a high milk production received rations of concentrates and hay with low or high contents of nitrate and free proline. Samples were taken from the urine, faeces and milk. In the second trial, two non-lactating cows were put on hay rations with different nitrate and free proline contents, and samples were taken from the rumenal fluid every 15 min to measure the formation of nitrite from the ingested nitrate. Samples of urine and faeces were also taken. It was found that dried roughage may contain considerable amounts of free proline, and the NPRO formed is related to the nitrate content. No NPRO was found in the urine and faeces when the NPRO content of the hay was low, not even when the ingested nitrate was reduced drastically to nitrite or when the concentration of free proline was high. When NPRO was present in the feed, it was recovered from the urine and faeces but was not transmitted to the milk. PMID- 6533010 TI - Dietary phenolics and betel nut extracts as modifiers of N-nitrosation in rat and man. AB - Polyphenolic compounds (PPC) isolated from betel nuts and some dietary PPC were examined for their modifying effects on N-nitrosation in vitro and in vivo. The formation of N-nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA) and N-nitrosoproline (NPRO) was either enhanced or inhibited by PPC from betel nuts, depending on (1) the structure of the PPC, (2) the pH of the reaction medium, (3) the relative concentrations of nitrite and PPC, and (4) the nature of the nitrosatable amino compounds. Both catalysis and inhibition of endogenous nitrosation of proline were observed in rats, although to a lesser extent than in vitro. Caffeic and ferulic acids, as well as the PPC-containing beverages tea and coffee, exerted inhibitory effects on endogenous formation of NPRO in two human subjects. These results demonstrate that PPC can modify the yield of endogenously formed N-nitroso compounds, and may thus effect the carcinogen burden in man. PMID- 6533011 TI - Modulation of endogenous synthesis of N-nitrosamino acids in humans. AB - Endogenous production of N-nitrosoproline (NPRO) was demonstrated in human subjects ingesting a diet low in nitrate and NPRO. The daily endogenous synthesis of NPRO was 26 +/- 10 nmol/day (mean +/- SD). Upon administration of nitrate and proline, the NPRO excreted in urine ranged from 50-318 nmol/24 h. It was found that ascorbic acid and alpha-tocopherol did not lower the background endogenous synthesis of NPRO; however, ascorbic acid was very effective in preventing the nitrate-induced synthesis of NPRO in all subjects, while alpha-tocopherol was less effective in some subjects. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that administered 15N-nitrate could be incorporated into NPRO, suggesting clearly that nitrosation reactions indeed occur in humans. Ascorbic acid significantly inhibited the incorporation of 15N-nitrate into NPRO. The presence of another N nitrosamino acid, N-nitrosothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid (NTCA), was detected in the urine of many subjects even without nitrate intake. However, upon ingestion of nitrate, there was a six-fold increase in mean NTCA synthesis (25 +/- 16 nmol/24 h), and all subjects had detectable levels of NTCA in the urine. Ascorbic acid completely blocked the nitrate-induced synthesis of NTCA, while alpha tocopherol was not as effective. PMID- 6533012 TI - The blocking effects of Chinese Actinidia sinensis juice on N-nitrosamine formation in vitro and in vivo. AB - Chinese gooseberry juice has been found to be an efficient inhibitor of nitrosation both in vitro and in vivo. This activity appears to be due partly to high concentrations of ascorbic acid and partly to an unidentified nitrite scavenger. PMID- 6533013 TI - Experimental model for evaluating animal exposure to endogenous N-nitrosodi-n butylamine by measuring its urinary metabolites N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl) nitrosamine and N-butyl-N-(3-carboxypropyl)nitrosamine. AB - Endogenous formation of N-nitrosodi-n-butylamine (NDBA) was studied in rats after administration of sodium nitrite or sodium nitrate and N,N-dibutylamine (DBA) by monitoring the urinary excretion of NDBA and its metabolites, N-butyl-N-(4 hydroxybutyl)-nitrosamine (BBN) and N-butyl-N-(3-carboxypropyl)nitrosamine (BCPN). Animals were given sodium nitrite (0.2%) or sodium nitrate (0.5%), dissolved in the drinking-water. This treatment was started 24 h before DBA administration and was continued throughout the experiment. Animals were fasted overnight before receiving DBA, which was administered by gavage as three doses of 50 mg/kg, 8 h apart; 24-h urine samples were collected on ammonium sulfamate. NDBA, BBN and BCPN were extracted and analysed by GC-TEA, according to a method previously described. Under the experimental conditions reported, NDBA and BBN (free or glucuronic acid-conjugated) were not detected in the urine of animals given nitrite or nitrate and DBA, but the presence of BCPN indicated that N nitrosation had occurred in both groups of animals. These results suggest that, when studying nitrosamines that are extensively metabolized, quantitative analysis of urinary metabolites is a better indicator of nitrosamine exposure than measurement of nitrosamine itself. PMID- 6533014 TI - Oxidation of ammonia and hydroxylamine to nitrate in the rat. AB - We have demonstrated that ammonia is oxidized to nitrate in the rat. Male Sprague Dawley rats gavaged with 1 000 mumol 15N-ammonium chloride each day for five days were found to excrete low, but significant, amounts of excess 15N-nitrate in their urines on the five days of treatment and on the five subsequent days. We recovered a total of 0.28 +/- 0.03 mumol excess 15N-nitrate (mean +/- SE) per rat, which indicates that ammonia is converted to nitrate with a yield of about 0.0080%. 15N-Hydroxylamine was oxidized in the rat to 15N-nitrate with a yield of 4.7%, but oxidation of 15N-labeled glycine and L-glutamic acid to 15N-nitrate could not be detected. These results suggest that hydroxylamine, but not glycine or L-glutamic acid, may be an intermediate in the ammonia oxidation process. The injection of rats with Arochlor 1254 failed to stimulate nitrate synthesis, which indicates that the cytochrome P-450 drug metabolizing system is probably not involved in ammonia oxidation. Carbon tetrachloride, which causes hepatic lipid peroxidation, produced a small, but significant, increase in nitrate synthesis. Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that ammonia is oxidized in vivo by a non-enzymatic process involving reactive oxygen species. We estimate that a 215 g rat produces 3.0 mumol of nitrate per day by this process. The significance of our results to the problem of endogenous N-nitroso compound formation in man is discussed. PMID- 6533016 TI - Analysis and occurrence of total N-nitroso compounds in the Japanese diet. AB - A quantitative technique for differentiating the total N-nitrosamides from the total N-nitroso compounds has been devised. The principle of this method is based on the chemiluminescence response of a nitroso compound under different denitrosating conditions. We also examined the effect of nitrite scavengers on the stability of N-nitroso compounds and found that both ammonium sulfamate and hydrazine sulfate can be satisfactorily used for the detection of chemiluminescence response with hydrogen bromide-acetic acid reagent. A survey of the occurrence of total N-nitroso compounds, total N-nitrosamides, volatile N nitrosamines, nitrates and nitrites in the Japanese diet has been conducted. Fairly high levels of total N-nitroso compounds were detected in salt-fermented vegetables, the highest being 2 500 micrograms/kg in hakusai-zuke (salt-fermented Chinese cabbage), followed by 253 micrograms/kg in takuan (salt-fermented radish roots). It is noteworthy that the amounts of total N-nitroso compounds in these products almost coincided with those of total N-nitrosamides, although no appreciable amounts, or only trace quantities, of volatile nitrosamines could be detected in these vegetable products. PMID- 6533015 TI - Mammalian nitrate biochemistry: metabolism and endogenous synthesis. AB - The metabolic fate of an oral dose of 3.5 mmol 15N-labelled nitrate was investigated in young adults. An average of 60% of the 15N-nitrate dose appeared in the urine within 48 h; less than 0.1% appeared in the faeces. Some of the 15N label of nitrate was found in the urine (3%) and faeces (0.2%) in the form of ammonia and urea; the remainder of the dose was attributed to nitrate loss via metabolism to other reduced nitrogen compounds. Studies with germ-free rats indicated that half of the nitrate metabolism is due to mammalian processes. These and previous studies show that not all of the nitrate excreted in the urine is of dietary origin but evolves from endogenous synthesis. An oral dose of 15N ammonium acetate was incorporated into urinary 15N-nitrate in rats, suggesting that ammonia is a precursor of nitrate. Furthermore, Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide was found to be a potent stimulus of nitrate excretion (nine fold increase), due to an increased rate of synthesis. Two other types of experimentally induced inflammatory states - injection of carrageenan and of turpentine - enhanced nitrate synthesis. It is proposed that the pathway of nitrate biosynthesis may be the result of oxidation of reduced nitrogen compounds by oxygen radicals generated by an activated reticuloendothelial system. PMID- 6533017 TI - Absorption, secretion and excretion of dimethylamine in rats. AB - The dimethylamine (DMA) concentration in the gastrointestinal tract of Wistar male rats fed a commercial diet containing 23.6 mg/kg DMA was highest (11.2 +/- 2.1 mg/kg) in the stomach and decreased from the upper region to the lower region. In contrast, the highest DMA concentration (6.6 +/- 2.5 mg/kg) in the upper small intestine was observed in rats fed a low-DMA diet containing 1.0 mg/kg DMA. DMA absorption was observed in the intestines and the absorbtion curves were monoexponential. The biological half-lives (t1/2) of DMA in the ligated stomach, upper and lower small intestine, caecum and large intestine were 198, 8.3, 11.6, 31.5 and 11.0 min, respectively. The DMA concentration in blood increased from 0.3 +/- 0.1 mg/kg to 3.0 +/- 1.0 mg/kg 5 min after injection of 250 micrograms DMA into the ligated upper small intestine. The disappearance curve of DMA in blood was monoexponential and the half-life for the initial 15 min was 12.5 min when 250 micrograms DMA were injected through a femoral vein. Intestinal secretion of DMA (15.6 +/- 12.6 mg/kg) was observed 15 min after the injection. Urinary DMA increased from 17.3 +/- 9.4 to 139 +/- 23 mg/kg within 30 min of intravenous injection of DMA. These results show that the behaviour of DMA in rats is as follows: (Formula: see text) PMID- 6533018 TI - A nitrosating agent from the reaction of atmospheric nitrogen dioxide (NO2) with methyl linoleate: comparison with a product from the skins of NO2-exposed mice. AB - We showed previously that exposure of mice to atmospheric nitrogen dioxide (NO2) leads to the formation of an ether-extractable nitrosating agent (NSA) in the skin, which produced N-nitrosomorpholine (NMOR) from morpholine in vitro but not in vivo (under our conditions). We now report that NO2 bubbled into hexane solutions of methyl linoleate (MLIN) produced a similar NSA that reacted with morpholine in dichloromethane solution to produce NMOR. The NSA yield increased sharply as MLIN concentration was raised, with a maximum 0.1% yield of NSA from MLIN. The NSA yield from MLIN was four times that from methyl oleate and seven times that from methyl stearate. The NSA derived from MLIN travelled on thin layer chromatography more slowly than the main weight fraction; whereas TLC of NSA in the skin lipids of NO2-exposed mice and in untreated mouse skin lipids exposed in vitro to NO2 produced NSA that travelled more rapidly than the main weight fraction. PMID- 6533019 TI - In-vivo nitrosation of amines in mice by inhaled nitrogen dioxide and inhibition of biosynthesis of N-nitrosamines. AB - Inhalation of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) by mice administered orally morpholine (MOR) or dimethylamine (DMA) resulted in the biosynthesis of N-nitrosomorpholine (NMOR) or N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA), respectively, as determined by the analysis of frozen whole-mouse powder, using gas chromatography with a Thermal Energy Analyzer detector. Significant levels of NMOR were detected following exposure of mice to 0.38 mg/m3 NO2 for 0.5 h (26 ng NMOR/mouse) and there was a two-fold increase when NO2 exposure was extended to 4 h. NMOR levels also increased in a time-dependent manner at 28.4 and 47.3 mg/m3 NO2 exposure levels, reaching a maximum of 450 and 725 ng NMOR/mouse, respectively, at 4 h. Oral administration of sodium ascorbate (50-250 mg), ammonium sulfamate (50-100 mg) or DL-alpha tocopherol (67-167 mg) immediately after MOR or DMA, but prior to NO2 exposure, significantly inhibited both NMOR and NDMA biosynthesis, sulfamate being the most effective (greater than 90% NMOR and NDMA inhibition), followed by ascorbate (83 90% NMOR and 58-90% NDMA inhibition) and alpha-tocopherol (22-42% NMOR and 46-69% NDMA inhibition). Low levels of NDMA were found in untreated control mice (less than 13 ng/mouse) and in most samples of commercially obtained animal feed (10-15 micrograms/kg); NMOR, however, was not detectable or was detected in negligible amounts in these cases. Various control experiments indicated that most of the recovered nitrosamine resulted from in-vivo nitrosation in mice, with only up to 1-2% of NMOR and approximately 10% of NDMA yields being attributed to artefact formation, possibly during work-up of the mouse-powder samples. PMID- 6533020 TI - Further factors influencing N-nitrosamine formation in bacon. AB - The possible relationship of unsaturated fatty acids in adipose tissue to the formation of N-nitrosamines in bacon was evaluated by trials in which pigs were fed regular (control), tallow-, coconut fat- and corn oil-supplemented diets. Bacon prepared from pigs fed corn oil-supplemented diets contained significantly higher levels of N-nitrosopyrrolidine and N-nitrosodimethylamine than did control bacon samples; however, bacon produced from pigs fed a coconut fat-supplemented diet contained significantly lower levels of N-nitrosopyrrolidine. Fatty acid analyses of the adipose tissue of the bacon samples indicated that N nitrosopyrrolidine levels in bacon correlated well with the degree of unsaturation of the adipose tissue. N-nitrosothiazolidine was detected in both brine-cured and dry-cured bacon at levels generally below 4 micrograms/kg. However, its formation was greatly reduced by the inclusion of alpha-tocopherol in the cure. The role of woodsmoke in N-nitrosothiazolidine formation in bacon is discussed. PMID- 6533021 TI - Nitrosation by alkyl nitrites. Catalysis by inorganic salts. AB - Isobutyl nitrite is an effective nitrosating agent at acidic, neutral and basic pH in the presence of species arising from phosphate ion. The reaction is first order in isobutyl nitrite and amine. In the reaction of isobutyl nitrite with sulfanilamide, the pH dependence reflects the change in concentration of the various protonated forms of phosphate, with H3PO4 and H2PO4- most strongly affecting the rate. In the reaction of isobutyl nitrite with dipropylamine, the pH dependence also reflects the change in the concentration of unprotonated amine. PMID- 6533022 TI - Nitrosamide carcinogenesis: nitrosation of amide linkages and facile decomposition of resulting nitrosamides. AB - Nitrite ions interact readily with N-methylacetamide and N-acetylglycine in aqueous buffer solution of pH less than 4 to give the transient nitrosamides, N nitroso-N-methylacetamide and N-nitroso-N-acetylglycine. These nitrosamides could not be isolated under these conditions because they decompose rapidly, as demonstrated by ultra-violet spectroscopic traces. The gas chromatographic identification of the products indicates that diazo esters and diazoalkanes are the intermediates in these decompositions. The kinetic analysis of the nitrosation in buffered solution shows that the rate constants are proportional to the hydrogen ion concentration in the pH less than 4 range. Evidence in support of the participation of a carboxylate group in the nitrosation of N acetylglycine is discussed. Possible implications of the presence of nitrite in carcinogenesis in digestive tracts are discussed on the basis of facile formation and decomposition of nitrosamides and the intermediacy of diazo compounds. PMID- 6533023 TI - Nitrosating properties of bis-methylthio-diiron-tetranitrosyl (Roussin's red methyl ester), a nitroso compound isolated from pickled vegetables consumed in northern China. AB - Bis-methylthio-diiron-tetranitrosyl (Roussin's red methyl ester, RRME), recently identified in pickled vegetables consumed in a high incidence area of oesophageal cancer in Northern China, was examined for its activity as a nitrosating agent in vivo and in vitro. Freshly synthesized RRME nitrosated secondary amines (morpholine and pyrrolidine) slowly in the presence of air; it failed to nitrosate these amines under strictly anaerobic conditions. In experiments in rats, a fresh sample of RRME was found to be a weak nitrosating agent, whereas partially decomposed RRME showed a strong nitrosating activity comparable to that of nitrite. Possible mechanisms for nitrosation by RRME are discussed. PMID- 6533025 TI - Formation of nitrosamines in non-ionic and anionic emulsions in the presence and absence of inhibitors. AB - Nitrosation of water-soluble (diethanolamine) and oil-soluble (dodecylmethylamine and dicyclohexylamine) amines in the absence and presence of inhibitors in model anionic and non-ionic emulsions was studied. Nitrosation of diethanolamine occurred at similar rates in non-ionic and anionic emulsions. Surprisingly, dodecylmethylamine and dicyclohexylamine were readily nitrosated in non-ionic emulsions, but not in anionic emulsions. Sodium bisulfite and ascorbyl palmitate were effective inhibitors, but the activity of ascorbic acid was lower. Considerably less effective were potassium sorbate, alpha-tocopherol and butylated hydroxyanisole. The results of this study will help formulators of emulsion products to minimize N-nitrosamine contamination. PMID- 6533024 TI - Rapid formation of N-nitrosodimethylamine from gramine, a naturally occurring precursor in barley malt. AB - The two tertiary amine alkaloids, hordenine and gramine, which are biosynthesized in malt during germination, were subjected to nitrosation under conditions typical for the study of tertiary amine nitrosation. At 65 degrees C in dilute aqueous acid (pH 4.4 or pH 6.4), nitrosation of both amines resulted in formation of N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA). At 24 degrees C in dilute acid (pH 3.4), the initial rate of NDMA formation from gramine was nearly equal to the initial rate of NDMA formation from dimethylamine. At the same temperature, the ratio of initial rates of formation of NDMA from gramine and trimethylamine was 6250:1. At 23 degrees C, the ratio of initial rates of formation of NDMA from gramine and hordenine was 5200:1. The rapid reaction of gramine with nitrous acid and the nature of the gramine nitrosation reaction products both indicated that gramine did not undergo nitrosation by the expected mechanism of nitrosative dealkylation. A new mechanism if proposed to explain the labile nature of the dimethylamino group of gramine and to account for the fact that NDMA is the only N-nitrosamine formed during the nitrosation of gramine. PMID- 6533026 TI - Ester-mediated nitrosamine formation from nitrite and secondary or tertiary amines. AB - N-Nitrosamines are formed from the heating of either a secondary or a tertiary amine with sodium nitrite in the presence of a high-boiling ester such as 2 acetoxyethanol in ethylene glycol. The four secondary and six tertiary amines examined were found to produce N-nitrosamines in yields ranging from 4% to 80% when equimolar amounts of amine and ester were heated at 120 degrees C with one- to ten-fold equivalents of sodium nitrite in ethylene glycol. Secondary amines competitively produced acetamides at a rate slightly greater than N-nitrosamine formation. Preincubation of a large excess of sodium nitrite and ester led to the rapid formation of N-nitrosamines in high yield. The reaction of tribenzylamine resulted in the formation of both benzaldehyde and dibenzylnitrosamine. N,N Dimethylbenzylamine reacted to give nearly equimolar amounts of N nitrosodimethylamine and N-nitroso-N-methylbenzylamine. It is proposed that the nitrosating agent is a nitrous ester, and it is shown that 2-benzoxyethyl nitrite rapidly nitrosates secondary and tertiary amines under these reaction conditions. It is also proposed that these transformations are good models for the environmental formation of N-nitrosamines in foods and commercial products. PMID- 6533027 TI - Photochemistry of N-nitrosamines in neutral media. AB - N-Nitrosamines have long been held to be photostable in solution in absence of acid, although a few reports to the contrary have been published. This paper reports a study of the photolysis of N-nitrosopiperidine and N nitrosodiisopropylamine in aprotic and protic solvents. It is shown that the cleavage of the N-N bond is a very facile process. In the absence of radical scavengers, however, reformation of the nitrosamines is very rapid, giving little or no net photolysis. In the presence of scavengers, photolysis proceeds with high efficiency to give non-nitrosamine products. When the trapping agent is oxygen, the net reaction is photo-oxygenation to the corresponding nitramine. The nitramine, in turn, is photolabile and undergoes photolysis to give cleavage products. The formation of the nitramine proceeds through the initial photochemical cleavage of the nitrosamine to the aminyl radical and nitric oxide, followed by the oxidation of the nitric oxide to nitrogen dioxide and the recombination of the latter with the aminyl radical. These results have some important implications for the destruction of nitrosamine wastes. PMID- 6533028 TI - Decomposition N-nitrosohydroxyalkylureas and N-nitrosooxazolidones in aqueous buffer. AB - The decomposition of N-nitroso-2-hydroxyethylurea, N-nitrosooxazolidone, N nitroso-2-hydroxypropylurea and N-nitroso-5-methyloxazolidone in pH 7.4 phosphate buffer was studied. The aldehydes and ketones formed in the decompositions were monitored through the formation of dinitrophenylhydrazine derivatives, which were then analysed by high-performance liquid chromatography. N-Nitroso-2 hydroxyethylurea gave a 25% yield of acetaldehyde dinitrophenylhydrazone, while N nitrosooxazolidone gave only 2%. The major product from the latter is 1,3 dioxolane-2-one (ethylene carbonate); ethylene glycol is a major product from both. The other two compounds studied gave similar products, but in much lower yields. PMID- 6533029 TI - Destruction of carcinogenic and mutagenic N-nitrosamides in laboratory wastes. AB - The chemical degradation of five N-nitrosamides used widely for the experimental induction of cancer has been studied with the goal of identifying, and experimentally validating, reliable methods that can be recommended for the destruction of carcinogenic N-nitrosoureas and related compounds in laboratory wastes. Although data are not yet complete, preliminary evidence indicates that none of the five methods studied thus far is ideal for hazard-control purposes. Decomposition with 1 mol/L potassium hydroxide solution destroyed the N nitrosamides, but generated diazoalkanes, which are carcinogenic, toxic and potentially explosive. Treatment with strong acid in the presence of sulfamic acid or iron filings completely decomposed all N-nitrosamides without forming diazoalkanes, but failed in the presence of solvents which were immiscible with water. Cleavage with hydrogen bromide in glacial acetic acid proceeded to a point of maximum degradation, following which gradual reformation of the N-nitrosamide was observed; this resynthesis could be avoided by carefully bubbling nitrogen through the reaction mixture, but degradation was slow or failed completely in the presence of hydroxylic solvents. Permanganate oxidation was effective in sulfuric acid solution, but was incomplete when an alcohol or dimethyl sulfoxide was present. Salmonella typhimurium tester strains TA1535, TA1530 and TA100, which detect base-pair substitutions in DNA, detected mutagenic degradation products in each of the destruction methods, with the exception of the hydrobromic acid/acetic acid procedure. PMID- 6533030 TI - Distribution and metabolism of N-nitrosobis(2-hydroxypropyl)amine in rats. AB - The metabolic fate of the lung carcinogen N-nitrosobis(2-hydroxypropyl)amine (ND2HPA) in male Wistar rats was studied. The blood level after a single intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of [1-14C]-ND2HPA at a dose of 3 g/kg body weight reached a maximum within 1 h. Most of the administered 14C was eliminated via the urine; 90.8% of the 14C was excreted in urine within 24 h, 5.5% in faeces, and 3.2% in expired air. About 11% of the 14C was detected in bile collected over 24 h. A relatively high concentration of 14C was found in the blood and target organs, such as the lung, liver, thyroid gland and kidney 1 h after treatment. Analysis by high-pressure liquid chromatography showed that the 14C in the blood and urine was mostly accounted for by unchanged ND2HPA, together with smaller amounts of N-nitroso-(2-hydroxypropyl)(2-oxopropyl)amine (N2HP2OPA). ND2HPA and N2HP2OPA were also detected in the lung and liver of rats 30 min to 12 h after the administration and were present in higher concentrations in the blood and lung than in the liver and pancreas. Besides ND2HPA and N2HP2OPA. N nitrosomethyl(2-hydroxypropyl)amine (NM2HPA) was also found in urine collected over 6 h. ND2HPA, N2HP2OPA and NM2HPA showed mutagenicity in the Salmonella assay system with metabolic activation by a 9000 X g supernatant of rat liver, and N2HP2OPA was also mutagenic in the presence of a rat lung preparation. These data suggest that N2HP2OPA and NM2HPA might be important intermediates in the metabolic activation of ND2HPA to its ultimate carcinogenic form in rats. PMID- 6533031 TI - Comparative metabolism of beta-oxidized nitrosamines. AB - Several beta-oxidized nitrosamines have been shown to induce pancreatic cancer in Syrian hamsters. N-Nitrosobis(2-oxopropyl)amine (ND2OPA) is the most specific, but it also induces either colonic or prostatic tumours in MRC-Wistar rats. In vivo and in-vitro metabolic studies show that N-nitrosomethyl(2-oxopropyl)amine is a metabolite of ND2OPA in hamsters but not in rats. ND2OPA is also present in higher concentrations in hamster pancreas than in the liver. No similar effect occurs in rats. These factors may explain, in part, the organotropism and species specificity of this nitrosamine. PMID- 6533032 TI - Metabolism of nitrosamines by cytochrome P-450 isozymes. AB - Results are presented to show that N-nitrosodimethylamine demethylase is P-450 mediated and N-nitrosodimethylamine is efficiently metabolized by specific P-450 isozymes inducible by a group of new inducers. The P-450-mediated N nitrosodimethylamine demethylase also responds differently to inhibitors when activities are compared with those of classical monooxygenase systems. PMID- 6533033 TI - Alternative bioactivation routes for beta-hydroxynitrosamines. Biochemical and chemical model studies. AB - The biochemical retroaldol-like fragmentation of beta-hydroxynitrosamines has been investigated further. The extent of fragmentation of 2-hydroxy-2 methylpropyl-methylnitrosamine (HMPMN) to N-nitrosodimethylamine and acetone induced by metabolic activation increases as the NADPH level is decreased. 2 Hydroxy-2-phenylethyl-methylnitrosamine (HPhEMN) undergoes competitive oxidation to 2-oxy-2-phenylethyl-methylnitrosamine (OPhEMN) and fragmentation to benzaldehyde and N-nitroso-dimethylamine in the presence of a metabolic activation system from rat liver. The extent of the oxidation was increased by preinduction of the rats with phenobarbital, or separate addition of NADPH and NAD, but was decreased by addition of dimethyl sulfoxide. The fragmentation was observed most readily when oxidation was inhibited or was not induced by cofactors. When HPhEMN was administered to a rat intraperitoneally, benzaldehyde (fragmentation) was found in the urine with OPhEMN and the substrate, but only the last two substances were found in liver and blood. These experiments provide evidence for retroaldol-like fragmentation of beta-hydroxynitrosamines both in vitro and in vivo. In a related investigation, it was found that N-nitroso-N-4 chlorophenyl-2-aminoethanal (NCAE) is extremely reactive and induces spontaneous generation of 4-chlorobenzenediazonium ion in chloroform, as trapped by 2 naphthol. NCAE reacts with dimethylamine in chloroform, benzene or methanol to give N-nitrosodimethylamine and 4-chloroaniline, among other products. This suggests that beta-nitrosaminoaldehydes produced by the biooxidation of their corresponding alcohols could produce cell alteration through alkylation, deamination or transnitrosation. PMID- 6533034 TI - Determination of N-nitrosobis(2-hydroxypropyl)amine in environmental samples. AB - N-Nitrosobis(2-hydroxypropyl)amine (ND2HPA) is a potent pancreatic carcinogen in hamsters and induces gastrointestinal and respiratory tract cancer in rats. The precursor amines, diisopropanolamine (Di-PA) and triisopropanolamine (Ti-PA), are used in some manufacturing processes and in cosmetic preparations. We have found low levels of ND2HPA in commercial Ti-PA (21-270 ng/g) and in Di-PA (20-1 300 ng/g) and have demonstrated that ND2HPA is formed from Ti-PA and nitrite in a yield comparable to that observed for formation of N-nitrosodiethanolamine (NDELA) from triethanolamine under relatively mild conditions. After reaction for 4 h at 37 degrees C (10 mmol/L amine, 40 mmol/L nitrite, pH 3.0), the ND2HPA yield was 0.51%. The NDELA yield under the same conditions was 0.96%. ND2HPA was determined by gas chromatography-thermal energy analysis (GC-TEA) and GC-high resolution mass spectrometry (GC-MS) selected ion monitoring of the tert butyldimethylsilyl (t-BDMS) ether after extraction on a Celite 560 column. The t BDMS ethers of ND2HPA and NDELA yielded intense, structurally significant peaks at m/z 333.2030 and 305.1716, respectively. The GC-MS procedure provides sensitivity and selectivity comparable to that of GC-TEA. PMID- 6533035 TI - alpha-Hydroxylation of nitrogen-15 labelled N-nitrosamines by isolated hepatocytes. AB - The principal pathway of nitrosamine metabolism has long been considered to be alpha-hydroxylation. For N-nitrosodialkylamines, this hypothesis requires that a molecule of molecular nitrogen be released for every molecule of nitrosamine that is alpha-hydroxylated. Thus, the quantitative determination of nitrogen formation should provide a measure of the importance of this pathway. This method was applied earlier to the doubly-labelled nitrogen-15 compounds, N nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA), N-nitrosomethylphenylamine (NMPhA) and N-methyl-N nitrosourea (MNU), using both a 9 000 X g supernatant fraction of liver and the intact animal as metabolic systems. The in-vitro results were quite different from those obtained in vivo. The majority of the NDMA (67%) and the MNU (88%) were converted to nitrogen in vivo, while NMPhA gave considerably less nitrogen (52%). These results differed by a factor of approximately two from those obtained in vitro (NDMA, 33%; NMPhA, 18.8% and MNU, 96%). Since such differences may be a result of the loss of cellular architecture, we have extended the work to include isolated hepatocytes. It had been shown previously that isolated hepatocytes constitute a practical alternative to in-vivo systems, even though the correlation with in-vivo metabolism appears to depend on the substrate analysed. The values obtained using this system (NDMA, 47%; NMPhA, 23%; and MNU 105%) reconfirm that metabolism may be substrate dependent. As in our previous studies, no mixed nitrogen (15N14N) or labelled nitrogen oxides were found. The data are all consistent with the hypothesis that at least one demethylase for each of the nitrosamine substrates is associated with a cell membrane.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6533036 TI - Metabolic inactivation of N-nitrosamines by cytochrome P-450 in vitro and in vivo. AB - Nitrite was formed on incubation of N-nitrosamines with both microsomal systems and a reconstituted system consisting of cytochrome P-450 and NADPH P-450 reductase from pig liver. Nitrite was not obtained when the nitrosamines were incubated with NADPH P-450 reductase alone or when molecular oxygen or NADPH was omitted. Various inhibitors of the microsomal monooxygenase decreased nitrite generation. Furthermore, nitrite and a substantially higher amount of nitrate could be found in the urine of rats given N-nitrosodiphenylamine. Diphenylamine was also detected. From in-vitro studies, it is concluded that denitrosation of N nitrosamines is a cytochrome P-450-dependent process, which also occurs in vivo. PMID- 6533037 TI - Urinary metabolites of some alicyclic nitrosamines. AB - We have studied the urinary metabolites of N-nitrosopiperidine, 3- and 4-hydroxy N-nitrosopiperidine, N-nitroso-4-piperidone, N-nitrosohexamethyleneimine and N nitroso-heptamethyleneimine. The N-nitrosopiperidines induce primarily oesophageal tumours in rats; N-nitrosohexamethyleneimine induces oesophageal and liver tumours and N-nitrosoheptamethyleneimine induces oesophageal and lung tumours. The products were identified by gas chromatographic comparison with standards, where possible, and by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The percentage of the dose excreted as metabolites in the urine increased with ring size. Hydroxy and ketone derivatives of all three of the N-nitrosoalicyclic amines were found. Pimelic acid was the major metabolite (congruent to 25%) of N nitrosoheptamethyleneimine; adipic acid was identified as a metabolite of N nitrosohexamethyleneimine, but not glutaric acid was found from N nitrosopiperidine. PMID- 6533038 TI - Conjugates of N-nitroso-tert-butylmethylamine in urine. AB - The glucuronide (alpha-anomer) and the mercapturic acid of N-nitroso-tert butylhydroxymethylamine were synthesized. An analytical procedure was developed using high-performance liquid chromatography, which allowed the detection of both conjugates in a single run. A new and efficient synthesis of N-nitroso-tert-butyl 14C-methylamine was developed, based on 14C-formaldehyde. After subcutaneous administration of 23 mg/kg to a rat, the nitrosamine was metabolized to a high degree, and two conjugates were excreted in the urine. PMID- 6533039 TI - Tissue and species specificity of the microsomal metabolism of N nitrosomethylbenzylamine. AB - The microsomal activation of N-nitrosomethylbenzylamine (NMBzA) by oxidation at the methylene carbon atom was examined in various organs of a number of species to determine the role of metabolism in the organ-specificity of tumour induction by NMBzA. In Sprague-Dawley rats, NMBzA was metabolized by microsomes from liver, lung and oesophageal mucosa. In Fischer F-344 rats and in rabbits, metabolic activity was present in both liver and oesophageal mucosa, the only tissues studied in those species. In contrast, in Syrian hamsters and in BALB/cBYJ mice, no NMBzA metabolism was detectable in the oesophagus, but it occurred at relatively high rates in liver, lung and kidney. The forestomach mucosa exhibited undetectable levels of activity in all species except the hamster in which it was present at a very low level. In human oesophageal mucosal microsomes from six patients, rates of metabolism of NMBzA were either undetectable or approximately 70 times lower than those in the Sprague-Dawley rats. A comparison of NMBzA metabolism in the different species with the known carcinogenicity of the nitrosamine in rats and rabbits, and our preliminary data on the acute toxicity of NMBzA in hamsters and mice suggests that, in the oesophagus at least, metabolic activation of NMBzA is necessary to elicit its toxic and/or carcinogenic effect. However, in the liver, which in all species has high metabolic activity but which is also resistant to the toxic and carcinogenic effects of NMBzA, other factors besides metabolic activation must be involved. PMID- 6533041 TI - Volatile N-nitrosamines in baby bottle rubber nipples and pacifiers. Analysis, occurrence and migration. AB - A simple direct extraction method has been developed for rapid determination of volatile N-nitrosamines in rubber nipples and pacifiers. It consists of overnight extraction of the sample with dichloromethane in the presence of ascorbyl palmitate for N-nitrosation inhibition, filtration of the extract and rinsing of the samples with dichloromethane, concentration of the extract using a Kuderna Danish concentrator, and final analysis by gas-liquid chromatography-Thermal Energy Analyser. The method gave excellent (80-100%) recoveries of various volatile N-nitrosamines that had been added to cut nipples or pacifiers at 20-80 micrograms/kg levels, and gave comparable or lower values than those obtained with another published method. The method is recommended for rapid screening purposes. A survey of 30 samples of various nipples and pacifiers indicated the presence of the following N-nitrosamines: N-nitrosodimethylamine (up to 70 micrograms/kg), N-nitrosodiethylamine (up to 88 micrograms/kg), N-nitrosodi-n butylamine (up to 2796 micrograms/kg), N-nitrosopiperidine (up to 180 micrograms/kg), and N-nitrosomorpholine (up to 86 micrograms/kg). A more recent study, however, indicated a general decline in the levels of various volatile N nitrosamines in these products. These N-nitrosamines were shown to migrate easily from the rubber products to liquid infant formula, orange juice and simulated human saliva. PMID- 6533040 TI - Effect of ethanol on nitrosamine metabolism and distribution. Implications for the role of nitrosamines in human cancer and for the influence of alcohol consumption on cancer incidence. AB - For reasons that have never been explained, the consumption of alcohol is associated with an increase in the incidence of human cancer, notably that of the oesophagus. The effect of ethanol on nitrosamine metabolism and carcinogenicity is reviewed, together with new work on pharmacokinetics. This work shows that small quantities of ethanol alter the distribution and metabolism of small oral doses of N-nitrosodimethylamine and N-nitrosodiethylamine in rats, to increase by several fold the alkylation of DNA in organs that are particularly susceptible to their carcinogenic effect. It is shown that in the case of N-nitrosodimethylamine this is the result of prevention of first-pass clearance of the nitrosamine as it travels in the blood draining the gut through the liver before entering the general circulation. There is evidence that the same happens in man. These results explain the findings from various experiments in animals and they lend credence to the observation that nitrosamines occur in human blood after high nitrate meals are taken with alcohol. The results have led to the hypothesis that the influence of alcohol consumption on human cancer may be mediated through the effect of ethanol on the pharmacokinetics of nitrosamines derived from diet, from tobacco smoke and from endogenous synthesis. The evidence for this hypothesis and its wider implications are discussed. PMID- 6533042 TI - Quantitative measurement of the exhalation rate of volatile N-nitrosamines in inhalation experiments with anaesthetized Sprague-Dawley rats. AB - Volatile N-nitrosamines have been detected in the human environment--in work places, such as the rubber, leather and chemical industries, in tobacco smoke and also inside new cars. In order to make risk assessments on the basis of inhalation experiments with animals at dose levels relevant to the human situation, it is important to know the actual absorption rate in the respiratory tract. In this study, 63 female Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to four nitrosamines (N-nitrosodimethylamine, N-nitrosodiethylamine, N-nitrosopyrrolidine and N-nitrosomorpholine) in air. Respiratory parameters were monitored by pneumotachography. After 10 min of inhalation, the exhaled air was collected for 10 min in steps of 2 min intervals and analysed for its content of nitrosamines with a Thermal Energy Analyzer. Inhalation and exhalation were maintained by endotracheal intubation under narcosis with Thalamonal. The influence of this anaesthetic on the urinary excretion of N-nitrosodimethylamine after gavage and inhalation was tested: in comparison with unanaesthetized animals and with a group under ether narcosis, the excretion of the nitrosamine by the Thalamonal anaesthetized animals was drastically reduced (factor of 20 to 60). Independent of the concentration of inhaled nitrosamine, ranging from 1-450 micrograms/L in air, the relative amounts of exhaled substance 10 min after inhalation were 0.9% N-nitrosodimethylamine, 0.4% N-nitrosodiethylamine, 6% N-nitrosopyrrolidine and 5% N-nitrosomorpholine. Extrapolation of these data back to the first exhalation (i.e., following the last inhalation) revealed that a remarkable amount of substance may be exhaled (up to 30% N-nitrosodimethylamine). PMID- 6533043 TI - Influence of disulfiram on the metabolism of N-nitrosodiethylamine. AB - The effect of disulfiram (DSF) on the biological activity of N nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA) was studied in vivo. We determined its influence on NDEA level, on NDEA-induced DNA damage and on DNA alkylation in the liver and oesophagus. It was found that 500 mg/kg DSF given 2 h before a single dose of 28 mg/kg NDEA inhibited the metabolism and increased the concentrations of NDEA in the organs, especially in the oesophagus. Consequently, DNA damage and the alkylation of DNA are inhibited in both the liver and the oesophagus. PMID- 6533044 TI - Effect of disulfiram on N-nitroso-N-methylbenzylamine metabolism. Biochemical aspects. AB - The present biochemical experiments show that disulfiram inhibits N-nitroso-N methylbenzylamine metabolism in the rat. More N-nitroso-N-methylbenzylamine may therefore reach extrahepatic tissues. The pathological lesions observed in the lungs in the present system can be explained by the finding that alkylation of lung DNA is increased and repair processes are impaired by enhanced cell proliferation in this organ. PMID- 6533045 TI - Role of the respiratory system in metabolism of N-nitrosamines after simultaneous application of disulfiram. AB - Subsequent to modification of N-nitrosamine metabolism by disulfiram, mucus producing cells and Clara cells in the respiratory tract are involved increasingly in detoxification as well as in bioactivation of N-nitroso-N methylbenzylamine and N-nitrosodibutylamine. Overtaxing of these cells or local concentration of antigenic metabolites leads to cytolytic defects in tracheal, bronchial and bronchiolar epithelium, in addition to toxic degenerative lesions. The resulting continuous stimulation of proliferation leads to basal-cell hyperplasia, squamous-cell metaplasia and squamous papillomas. In areas with insufficient differentiation, due to cell proliferation, there is an increased probability that focal mutation, subsequent to alkylation of purine bases, will be passed from one cell generation to the next, with subsequent formation of tumours in the bronchiolo-alveolar region. PMID- 6533046 TI - N-nitrosodimethylamine-induced forestomach tumours in male Sprague-Dawley rats fed a zinc-deficient diet. AB - Fifty-one zinc-deficient rats and 46 zinc-sufficient, pair-fed controls were administered N-nitrosodimethylamine intragastrically at a dose level of 2 mg/kg body weight, twice weekly for three weeks, followed by 4 mg/kg body weight of the same carcinogen twice weekly for another five weeks. After 45 weeks, none of the control rats had developed epithelial abnormalities in the oesophagus or forestomach or any lesion in other tissues. Oesophageal epithelial hyperkeratosis was detected in all zinc-deficient rats, but no tumour was found. Hyperkeratosis and acanthosis were found in the forestomach of 100% and 88%, respectively, of the zinc-deficient rats; 63% of the zinc-deficient rats also developed squamous papillomas in the forestomach. PMID- 6533047 TI - Effects of fluorination on in-vitro metabolism and biological activity of N nitrosodialkylamines. AB - Substitution of N-nitrosodialkylamines with fluorine at specific sites inhibits oxidative metabolism at the respective carbon atoms. The results of in-vitro metabolism studies with N-nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA), N-nitrosodibutylamine (NDBA) and their fluorinated analogues, N-nitroso-2,2,2-trifluoroethyl-ethylamine (NDEA-F3), N-nitroso-bis(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)amine (NDEA-F6), N-nitroso-4,4,4 trifluorobutyl-butylamine (NDBA-F3), N-nitroso-bis(4,4,4-trifluo-robutyl)amine (NDBA-F6) and N-nitroso-bis(2,2,3,3,4,4,4-heptafluorobutyl)amine (NDBA-F14), showed effects of fluorination on biotransformation which can explain results of carcinogenicity and mutagenicity experiments; NDEA-F6 and NDBA-F14 were practically not metabolized by microsomal fractions, even though no decrease in binding affinity to cytochrome P450 was observed. Both compounds were not biologically active and were exhaled unchanged in high proportions after oral administration to the rat. Biologically active analogues, NDEA, NDBA, NDBA-F3 and NDBA-F6, were found to be dealkylated at the unfluorinated alkyl chains and, to a lesser extent, at the omega-fluorinated alkyl chains. Detection of corresponding alcohols as hydrolysis products confirmed the generation of electrophilic intermediates by alpha-C-hydroxylation. However, trifluorethanol was detected only in very small proportions from dealkylation of NDEA-F3, although dealkylation occurred almost exclusively at the unfluorinated site. PMID- 6533048 TI - Repair and replication of DNA containing O6-methylguanine in fetal and adult animal tissues in relation to their susceptibilities to cancer induction by N nitroso-N-alkylureas. AB - Experimental evidence and basic concepts support the view that replication of DNA containing the mispairing base O6-alkylguanine is an essential event in the initiation of cancer by simple alkylating agents. The likelihood of induction of cancer in a particular organ would depend on three factors: (1) the initial level of alkylation of DNA in that organ, (2) the rate of removal of O6-alkylguanine from DNA and (3) the extent of DNA replication during the critical period in which O6-alkylguanine is present. In systems in which the initial level of alkylation is approximately uniform in different organs, their relative susceptibilities to cancer would depend on their abilities to remove O6 methylguanine from DNA, and on the rates of replication of DNA after treatment with the carcinogen. To test this concept, repair and replication were studied in tissues with very different susceptibilities to induction of cancer by a low dose of N-methyl-N-nitrosourea, i.e., rat and mouse brain and lung, and rat brain at different stages of fetal and postnatal development. The ability of the tissue to remove O6-methylguanine from DNA was determined by incubation of tissue extracts with extraneously methylated DNA. Replication was studied by measurements of incorporation of 3H-thymidine into DNA. The outstandingly high level of replication of alkylated DNA in mouse thymus correlates with its outstandingly susceptibility to cancer induction by N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU). The result of comparing repair ability and DNA replication in rat and mouse brain and lung suggest that unknown factors are involved in the resistance of the nontarget organs.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6533049 TI - Properties of the O6-alkylguanine-DNA repair system of mammalian cells. AB - O6-Alkylguanine is an important lesion produced in DNA after exposure to N nitrosodimethylamine or N-nitrosodiethylamine and may lead to mutagenesis or carcinogenesis if unrepaired. Repair of this product is accomplished by a unique DNA-repair activity which resides in a single protein. This protein catalyses the transfer of the alkyl group from the guanine O6-position to a cysteine residue. The cysteine acceptor site appears to be present on the same protein and is not regenerated. There is, therefore, a stoichiometric relationship between the amount of this protein and the number of O6-alkylguanine residues that can be repaired. The protein has been partially purified from rat liver and from a number of human tissues. The rodent and human O6-alkylguanine-DNA alkyltransferases have similar properties and a molecular weight of about 23 000. The protein is specific for O6-alkylguanine in DNA, prefers double-stranded DNA as substrate and binds tightly to double-stranded DNA, whether alkylated or not. Both methyl and ethyl groups are removed, although the rate of removal of the ethyl groups is four times slower. Liver has the highest content of this protein among all tissues tested from both rats and humans, but all human tissues have substantially higher levels than the equivalent rodent tissue. O6-Alkylguanine DNA alkyltransferase was found in all primary human tumours and tissues tested (including brain, which in rodents has very little activity). It is concluded that human tissues are likely to be able to repair O6-alkylguanine but that the capacity of repair is tissue-specific and linked to the level of this protein. PMID- 6533050 TI - High-affinity monoclonal antibodies for the specific recognition and quantification of deoxynucleosides structurally modified by N-nitroso compounds. AB - The applicability of conventional radiochromatographic procedures to the detection and quantification of specific, carcinogen-induced structural modifications in the DNA of mammalian cells is limited by the necessity of using radioactively labelled agents and by the relatively large amounts of DNA required for analysis of low levels of DNA modification. Recently developed immunoanalytical methods have improved this situation considerably. High-affinity monoclonal antibodies (MAB), in combination with radio- and enzyme-immunoassays, now permit the sensitive detection of alkyldeoxynucleosides in small samples of hydrolysed DNA from tissues and cultured cells exposed previously to non radioactive (e.g., environmental) alkylating N-nitroso carcinogens. Furthermore, MAB can be used to quantify by direct immunofluorescence (and with the aid of computer-based image analysis of electronically intensified fluorescence signals) specific alkylation products in the DNA of individual cells. With this method, the present detection limit for, e.g. O6-ethyl-2'-deoxyguanosine (O6-EtdGuo) is of the order of 7 X 10(2) O6-EtdGuo molecules per diploid genome. Therefore, cells (e.g. from biopsy material) can now be monitored directly for the presence of specific carcinogen-DNA adducts, or with respect to their capacity to remove enzymatically such modified structures from DNA. In combination with transmission electron microscopy, MAB also permit the direct visualization of specific carcinogen-modified sites in DNA. Thus, O6-EtdGuo can be localized in double stranded DNA molecules by the binding of a MAB specifically directed against this ethylation product. PMID- 6533051 TI - Methylation of protein and nucleic acids in vivo: use of trideuteromethylating agents or precursors. AB - Dose-dependent excretion of 7-(d3-methyl)guanine in rat urine was observed following administration by gavage of d6-aminopyrine and nitrite. Preliminary experiments showed that S-(d3-methyl)cysteine in haemoglobin is formed under the same dosing conditions that result in 7-(d3-methyl)guanine excretion in the urine. PMID- 6533052 TI - DNA methylation by N-nitrosomethylbenzylamine in target and non-target tissues of laboratory rodents. Comparison with carcinogenicity. AB - Following oral or systemic (subcutaneous) administration to rats,N-nitroso methylbenzylamine (NMBzA) causes a high incidence of oesophageal tumours. Methylation of DNA purines by a single oral dose of [14C-methyl]-NMBzA was most extensive in the oesophagus, followed by liver, forestomach and lung. After a single intravenous injection, alkylation levels were also highest in oesophageal DNA, followed by liver, lung and forestomach. These differences in the extent of alkylation were found to correlate with the autoradiographic distribution of tissue-bound 14C-radioactivity in in-situ preparations of the upper gastrointestinal tract following oral exposure to [14C-methyl]-NMBzA. In mice, systemic administration of NMBzA leads to the development of forestomach and lung tumours; in this species, DNA methylation after intraperitoneal injection of NMBzA is highest in liver, followed by lung and forestomach. Administration of [14C-methyl]-NMBzA to mice in the drinking-water led to very high concentrations of alkylated DNA bases in both oesophagus and forestomach. This finding is in good agreement with carcinogenicity studies, which showed 100% carcinoma incidence at these sites. Autoradiographic studies indicate that in rats and mice the metabolism of NMBzA in the oesophagus is largely restricted to the mucosa, whereas in lung, bioactivation occurs predominantly in the bronchial epithelium. In autoradiographs from liver, tissue-bound radioactivity showed a patchy distribution, with predominant reaction in the centrilobular region. In Mongolian gerbils, methylation of lung DNA by a similar subcutaneous dose of [14C-methyl] NMBzA was greater than in rats and mice, whereas in the remaining tissues, levels of methylated purines were comparatively low. Chronic subcutaneous administration of NMBzA to gerbils caused no tumour within an observation period of two years. PMID- 6533053 TI - Involvement of thiols in gastric cancer induced by N-methyl-N'-nitro-N nitrosoguanidine: biochemical and autoradiographic studies. AB - Chronic administration of N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) in drinking water causes a high incidence of carcinomas of the glandular stomach in rats (Sugimura & Fujimura, 1967). Following a single oral dose of [14C-methyl]-MNNG (80 mg/L; 2.5 mg/kg b.w.), the extent of DNA methylation in the glandular stomach was 9 and 21 times higher than in forestomach and oesophagus, respectively. These differences were found to correlate with regional variations in the concentration of cellular thiols, which are known to accelerate the heterolytic decomposition of MNNG. When [14C-methyl]-MNNG was given intragastrically together with the thiol-blocking agent, N-ethylmaleimide, covalent binding of 14C-radioactivity to forestomach, glandular stomach and duodenum was almost completely abolished. PMID- 6533054 TI - Unscheduled DNA synthesis in human leucocytes after a fish (amine source) meal with or without salad (nitrite source). AB - Increased unscheduled DNA synthesis (UDS) was observed previously in leucocytes from human volunteers after various meals containing nitrite from cured meats and vegetables. To explore further the role of ingested nitrite, UDS response was measured in human leucocytes after a meal of bread, butter and cod fish alone (amine source) or bread, butter and cod fish plus a salad of lettuce, radish and spinach (nitrite source). A cross-over design was used so that all subjects (10 male, 10 female) were tested after both meals. Salad (nitrite source) had no effect on the level of UDS after the meal; however, UDS increased after the meal with or without salad for trial 1, but decreased for trial 2. The difference between trials could not be accounted for by sources of variation such as differences between individuals or experimental technique. The factor(s) responsible for this significant difference between trials must be associated with the non-salad components of the meal. PMID- 6533055 TI - Nitrosation of peptides. AB - The synthesis and characterization of N-(N-acetylprolyl)-N-nitroso-glycine, the first authentic N-nitrosopeptide, is described, and its stability under various conditions is reported. In acidic media, denitrosation and deamination (hydrolysis) occur concurrently, whereas in neutral and alkaline solutions, only deamination occurs. The rates of formation and decomposition of some unprotected N-nitrosopeptides in strong acid are also reported. Conditions for the formation of such compounds in the gastric tract are discussed, together with their potential involvement in human cancer. PMID- 6533056 TI - Contrasting responses of rats and Syrian hamsters to orally administered N nitroso compounds. PMID- 6533058 TI - Animal feeding study with nitrite-treated meat. AB - In order to detect possible formation of carcinogenic N-nitroso compounds from nitrite and nitrosatable compounds in meat, studies were carried out with 70 male and 140 female F0 rats, divided into six groups, and 60, 100, 70, 60, 60 and 66 of their male and female offspring. One control group received casein and other groups chopped pork as the sole protein source (45%, mass/mass) on a fresh basis, either salted (sodium chloride) or not. For test groups, nitrite was also added to the meat before autoclaving and storing the diet and represented mass fractions of 200, 1 000 and 4 000 mg/kg, as sodium nitrite. The results do not demonstrate any effect on reproduction and no significant carcinogenic effect was revealed. However, an observed tendency toward an increased number of tumour bearing rats in the highest dose group, plus the possible formation of carcinogenic N-nitroso compounds in nitrite-treated meat products, led to a recommendation to reduce the use of nitrite. Results from a concomitant study demonstrate that it is possible to produce many cured-meat products with the addition of only 50 mg/kg nitrite. PMID- 6533057 TI - Nitrosamine carcinogenesis in 5120 rodents: chronic administration of sixteen different concentrations of NDEA, NDMA, NPYR and NPIP in the water of 4440 inbred rats, with parallel studies on NDEA alone of the effect of age of starting (3, 6 or 20 weeks) and of species (rats, mice or hamsters). AB - A Weibull analysis is presented of the dose and time relationships for the effects on 4 080 inbred rats of chronic ingestion in the drinking water of 16 different doses of N-nitroso-dimethylamine (NDMA) and of N-nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA). The sites chiefly affected were the liver (by both agents) and the oesophagus (by NDEA only). Since the experiment continued into extreme old age, effects became clearly measurable even at a dose of only 0.01 mg/kg per day, which is an order of magnitude lower than previously achieved. (After only two years of treatment, however, the 'TD50' doses needed to halve the proportion of tumourless survivors would have been about 0.06 mg/kg per day of NDEA and about 0.12 mg/kg per day of NDMA.) The general pattern of response was that the log probability of remaining tumourless was given by the product of two terms, the first (the 'Weibull b-value') depending on the dose-rate but not on the duration of exposure, and the second depending not on dose at all but on (approximately the seventh power of) duration. For oesophageal tumours, the 'Weibull b-value' was approximately proportional to the cube of the dose-rate of NDEA (males 21 d3, females 11 d3, where d = dose-rate in mg/kg adult body weight/day, and the background incidence was unmeasurably low. For liver tumours induced by NDEA, the b-value was approximately proportional to the fourth power of dose-rate + 0.04 mg/kg per day (males, 19 (d + 0.04)4; females, 32 (d + 0.04)4), although the relationships were slightly different for the different subsites of liver tumour. This one formula implies both approximate linearity at low doses and an approximately cubic relationship within the higher range of doses that was studied. For liver tumours induced by NDMA, the Weibull b-value was approximately proportional to the sixth power of dose rate + 0.1 mg/kg per day (males, 37 (d + 0.1)6; females, 51 (d + 0.1)6), again with variation between liver subsites, and again implying approximate linearity at low doses. The difference between the latter two relationships may represent differences in the induction of particular DNA repair enzymes by NDMA and NDEA, or in the effects of those enzymes on methylated and on ethylated DNA. These formulae should, of course, be trusted only in the range of doses from which they were derived, and particularly not for those above it.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6533059 TI - Carcinogenic activity of N-nitrosodiethylamine in snakes (Python reticulatus, Schneider). AB - Fourteen snakes of the species Python reticulatus were randomized after one year's adaptation in our laboratory, i.e., at the age of 18 months. Groups of three animals (average body weight, 1 kg) were subjected to lifelong administration of 24, 12 or 6 mg/kg body weight of N-nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA) at fortnightly intervals. The NDEA-containing aqueous solution (0.3 ml/kg body weight) was administered by gavage. Five untreated animals served as controls. Snakes receiving 24 mg/kg NDEA died from toxic liver and kidney damage within the first year of experimentation. The three snakes receiving 12 mg/kg NDEA died within the last three months of the second year of treatment. These animals had developed multiple benign and malignant tumours in the liver and the kidney. The two animals that died last also developed tumours in the oral cavity and the trachea. Animals treated with 6 mg/kg NDEA died from tumours in the trachea. PMID- 6533060 TI - Pancreatic carcinogenic nitrosamines in Syrian hamsters. AB - Pancreatic neoplasms similar to those seen in humans have been induced by a group of related nitrosamines only in Syrian golden hamsters. Studies indicate a relationship between the structure of the carcinogens and their affinity for the pancreas: the presence of one keto or hydroxy group in the beta-position on one of the aliphatic chains of alkyl nitrosamines is a prerequisite for their pancreatic carcinogenicity; addition of a second beta-keto group significantly increases their activity on and specificity for the pancreas; replacement of one 2-oxo chain with a methyl group diminishes their specificity for the pancreas as does prolongation of the aliphatic chain. Carboxylation at the 3-position is associated with a complete loss of pancreatotropism. N-Nitrosomethyl(2 oxopropyl)amine appears to be a proximate carcinogenic metabolite of these compounds. The lack of tumour induction in the pancreas of rats correlates with the inability of this species to metabolize carcinogens to this metabolite, whereas all the pancreatic cells of the hamster (ductal/ductular, acinar and islet cells) have this ability. The results of in-vivo and in-vitro studies strongly suggest that the hamster pancreatic ductal and ductular cells are the most active unit of the organ in metabolizing the carcinogen and are also the progenitor cells of the induced pancreatic lesions. PMID- 6533061 TI - Characterization of alkyldinitrogen species implicated in the carcinogenic, mutagenic and anticancer activities of N-nitroso compounds. AB - The syntheses of certain specifically 15N-labelled E and Z alkyldiazotates and alkylnitrosoamines, together with related dinitrogen species, including diazoalkanes, are reported. A study of their conformational and configurational equilibria by 15N and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry has revealed: (1) corresponding pairs of E and Z alkyldiazotates do not interconvert at ambient temperatures in aprotic solvents; (2) a preferential Z conformer of the alkylnitrosamines; (3) a fast interchange of metal counterion between oxygen and nitrogen in the Z-diazotates, but a slow interchange of metal ion between oxygen and nitrogen in the corresponding E diazotates; (4) interconversion of Z aryldiazotates, via detectable Z and E diazohydroxides, to the E diazotates; and (5) rapid stereoelectronically-assisted decomposition of Z-alkyldiazotates to diazoalkanes, in contrast with the behaviour of the more stable E diazotates. Self-Consistent Field calculations ab initio show that Z methyl diazohydroxide is the higher energy and more reactive form, while the carbon is relatively soft. In contrast, the E isomer is the more stable (by congruent to 18.0 kcal/mol) and the carbon harder. These data are in accord with the view that the Z form (from N nitrosodimethylamine) attacks G-O6 (softer center) preferentially by SN1, while the E form prefers to react at the harder G-N7 and by an SN2 mechanism. These data provide a rationale for the known propylation of G-N7 without rearrangement, for propylation of G-O6 with rearrangement and possibly for the origin of the characteristic G-O6 alkylation carcinogenic lesion. PMID- 6533062 TI - Anticancer nitrosoureas: investigations on antineoplastic, toxic and neoplastic activities. AB - Nitrosoureas are among the most effective antineoplastic drugs in experimental models. New water-soluble analogues have been tested extensively in preclinical studies, and the results show that new congeners, such as 1-(2-chloroethyl)-1 nitroso-3-(2-hydroxyethyl)urea (HECNU), are more effective antineoplastic agents in most model systems than are clinically used compounds, such as 1,3-bis(2 chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea or chlorozotocin. In chronic toxicity studies in rats, however, HECNU was found to be considerably less toxic than its clinically used congeners and was also less carcinogenic. Carbamoylating and alkylating potential and glutathione reductase inhibition do not parallel its antitumour effectiveness, chronic toxicity or carcinogenic potential. Compounds with higher anti-tumour activity in preclinical trials also show a higher potential for DNA DNA interstrand cross-link formation in vivo. It is concluded that selection of analogues for clinical application should take into account not only antineoplastic effectiveness and acute toxicity, but also chronic toxicity and carcinogenicity. PMID- 6533063 TI - Production of N-nitrosoiminodialkanoic acids by nitrite in gastric juice. PMID- 6533064 TI - Presence in human urine of new sulfur-containing N-nitrosamino acids: N nitrosothiazolidine 4-carboxylic acid and N-nitroso 2-methylthiazolidine 4 carboxylic acid. AB - A new type of sulfur-containing N-nitrosamino acid, N-nitrosothiazolidine 4 carboxylic acid (NTCA) and N-nitroso 2-methylthiazolidine 4-carboxylic acid (NMTCA), was isolated and identified in the urine of human subjects. Identification was based on identical chromatographic and mass spectral data for the purified urine sample and the synthesized authentic compounds. The amounts of NTCA and NMTCA excreted in 24-h urines of 15 volunteers varied from 0.9 to 35.9 micrograms/day and from 0.4 to 19.8 micrograms/day, respectively. These amounts were 2.4 and 1.6 times greater than that of N-nitrosoproline (NPRO) detected in the same urine samples. Thiazolidine 4-carboxylic acid and its 2-methyl derivative were found to be nitrosated in vitro about 250-500 and 60-300 times more rapidly than proline, respectively. In addition, NTCA and NMTCA were also readily formed by reaction of a mixture of nitrite and L-cysteine, with formaldehyde and acetaldehyde, respectively. Although their origin in human urine is unknown, preliminary results in one human volunteer have shown that some of these compounds are formed endogenously. Thus, measurement of these new sulfur containing N-nitrosamino acids in the urine may (i) provide another index for endogenous nitrosation reactions in the human body and (ii) allow monitoring of exposure of humans to precursors such as aldehydes and nitrate/nitrite. PMID- 6533065 TI - Pharmacokinetics of tobacco-specific N-nitrosamines. AB - Methods were developed to determine the biological half-life of N' nitrosonornicotine (NNN) and 4-(N-nitrosomethylamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) in Syrian golden hamsters and Fischer rats. The formation and elimination of 4-(N-nitrosomethylamino)-1-(-3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNA1), the major metabolite of NNK, was determined in the context of this study. The method consisted of extraction of the nitrosamine with ethyl acetate, elution through a Clin-Elut column, and concentration of the sample, followed by gas chromatography-thermal energy analysis. Biological half-lives of NNN, NNK and NNA1 in hamsters were found to be 0.77, 0.25 and 1.78 h, respectively; in rats they were 5.78, 1.78 and 3.56 h. These findings clearly indicate species differences in the pharmacokinetics associated with the distribution and elimination of the tobacco specific N-nitrosamines. PMID- 6533066 TI - Fate of the tobacco-specific carcinogen 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1 butanone in pregnant and newborn C57BL mice. AB - Whole-body autoradiography of pregnant C57Bl mice injected intravenously with the tobacco-specific N-nitrosamine, 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK), indicated that NNK and/or its metabolites can diffuse through the placenta and reach the fetal tissues. During the last days of gestation, nasal, pulmonary and hepatic tissues develop the enzymatic capacity to activate NNK to alkylating species which bind covalently to cellular macromolecules. Within 4 h of the injection, a considerable proportion of NNK metabolites present in the fetal tissues are excreted in the amniotic fluid via the fetal urinary tract. Incubation of tissue slices with NNK indicated that the nose, the lung and the liver of 13-day-old fetuses could reduce NNK to 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3 pyridyl)butan -1-ol (NNA1), but could not activate NNK by alpha-carbon hydroxylation. However, these activating enzymes were competent in 18-day old fetuses, and the activities increased during the first six days of life. The results provide evidence that NNK could exert genotoxic effects transplacentally and in newborn mice. PMID- 6533067 TI - Inhibition of target tissue activation of N'-nitrosonornicotine and N nitrosopyrrolidine by dietary components. AB - Twenty-one dietary and related chemicals have been evaluated for their potential inhibitory activities against the tumorigenic effects of N-nitrosopyrrolidine and N'-nitrosonornicotine using in-vitro metabolic assays in the target tissues, namely, rat liver microsomes and cultured rat oesophagus, respectively. Compounds studied include phenols, cinnamic acids, coumarins, isothiocyanates and indoles. Isothiocyanates were the most potent inhibitors of both nitrosamines in the acute studies, but were less active in chronic studies. This difference may be explained by the pharmacokinetic properties of these compounds. Phenols, cinnamic acids, coumarins and indoles were primarily inducers of N-nitrosopyrrolidine metabolism. The results suggest that isothiocyanates, in general, are the most promising chemicals for future study as protective agents against the carcinogenic effects of these nitrosamines. PMID- 6533068 TI - Increased endogenous nitrosation in smokers. AB - Endogenous nitrosation of proline was investigated in smokers and nonsmokers. Volunteers consumed a volume of beetroot juice equivalent to 325 mg nitrate and, 1 h later, 500 mg proline. In separate experiments, volunteers ingested proline alone. Twenty-four-hour urines were collected and analysed for N-nitrosoproline. When proline was ingested alone, there was no significant difference in urinary N nitrosoproline excretion between smokers and nonsmokers. When beetroot juice and proline were consumed, however, smokers produced approximately 2.5 times as much N-nitrosoproline as nonsmokers. Salivary nitrite levels of smokers and nonsmokers, both before and after consumption of beetroot juice, were not significantly different. Salivary thiocyanate levels were approximately 3.2. times higher in smokers than in nonsmokers. Our results suggest that the higher level of salivary thiocynate in smokers is responsible for the increased rate of endogenous nitrosation of proline in that group when compared with nonsmokers. Oxides of nitrogen in cigarette smoke do not appear to play a significant role. PMID- 6533069 TI - Endogenous formation of N-nitrosoproline upon cigarette smoke inhalation. AB - It was the goal of this study to assay the potential of inhaled cigarette smoke for endogenous N-nitrosation of amines in smokers by measuring urinary excretion of N-nitrosoproline (NPRO). Nonsmoking and smoking men were placed on a controlled diet which was low in proline and in ascorbic acid. On days 1-3, the volunteers received the controlled diet alone (Group I); on days 4-6, the diet was supplemented by a single daily dose of 300 mg proline (Group II); on days 7 9, the diet was supplemented by a single daily dose of 1 g ascorbic acid followed by 300 mg proline (Group III); and for the last three days, a single daily dose of 1 g ascorbic acid was given (Group IV). Collections of 24-h urine were made on days 3, 6, 9 and 12 of the study. The urine was analysed for NPRO, creatinine and cotinine. The mean 24-h NPRO excretion for 13 nonsmokers in Group I was 3.6 micrograms, whereas the NPRO excretion in 13 smokers was 5.9 micrograms/24 h, significantly higher than that of the nonsmokers (p less than 0.05). Urinary NPRO in 14 nonsmokers of Group II was significantly lower than that of the 14 smoking volunteers (p less than 0.05). In Group III smokers had reduced urinary levels of NPRO as a consequence of ascorbic acid intake. Differences in NPRO excretion by smokers and nonsmokers in Group IV were insignificant. These findings suggest that the documented endogenous N-nitrosation of proline which occurs as a result of cigarette smoke inhalation may also apply to other N-nitrosatable amines, including nicotine, and thus lead to in-vivo formation of carcinogenic N nitrosamines. Four nonsmokers exposed to passive smoke for 80 min three times per day did not exhibit elevated NPRO levels in their 24-h urine. PMID- 6533070 TI - Tobacco and the risk of cancer. Importance of kinds of tobacco. PMID- 6533071 TI - A new type of N-nitrosamino acid, N-nitroso-L-thioproline and N-nitroso-L methylthioprolines, found in human urine as major N-nitroso compounds. AB - In addition to N-nitrosoproline (NPRO), N-nitrosamino acids of a new type containing sulfur were found as major N-nitroso compounds in the urine of seven healthy subjects. These compounds were detected using a gas chromatograph connected with a Thermal Energy Analyzer (GC-TEA), and they were identified as N nitroso-L-thiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid (N-nitroso-L-thioproline, NTPRO) and the cis and trans isomers of N-nitroso-L-methylthiazolidine-4-carboylic acid (N nitroso-L-methylthioproline, NMTPRO) by using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The amounts of NPRO, NTPRO and NMTPRO found in 100 mL samples of human urine were 65-471 ng, 67-2 250 ng and 275-5 825 ng, respectively. L-Thioproline was nitrosated 20-60 times faster than L-proline by nitrite over the whole range of acidic pH. The precursors of these new-N nitrosamino acids containing sulfur may be formed by the reaction of L-cysteine with formaldehyde and acetaldehyde in the human body. These sulfur-containing N nitroso compounds, NTPRO and NMTPRO, in addition to NPRO, could be useful as probes for investigation the dynamics of nitrosation in the human body. PMID- 6533072 TI - Post-harvest treatment and the accumulation of nitrite and N'-nitrosonornicotine in burley tobacco. AB - Concentrations (dry-weight basis) of nitrate, nitrite and N'-nitrosonornicotine (NNN) in Burley tobacco were determined during successive processing stages of experimental homogenized-leaf-cured (HLC) material, after conventional air curing and during prolonged storage ('ageing') of HLC and air-cured tobaccos. During homogenized leaf curing, less than 6 micrograms/g nitrite-N and less than 10 micrograms/g NNN were found in tobacco frozen immediately after aerobic incubation of homogenates at 40 degrees C for 0, 4, 8, 20 and 25 h. Up to 550 micrograms/g nitrite-N and 850 micrograms/g NNN occurred in tobacco incubated similarly for 20 h, then allowed to stand 1 h without aeration. Samples of two genetic Burley lines of high and low alkaloid content were similarly incubated, allowed to stand 1 h, dried and 'aged' for up to one year in partially anaerobic environments. NNN contents were positively correlated with 'at-harvest' alkaloid content, and NNN increased at each subsequent stage of processing, reaching a maximum of 1 800 micrograms/g in the high-alkaloid line after one year of 'ageing'. Small increases of NNN that reached a final concentration of 50 micrograms/g occurred in tobaccos that were air-cured, then 'aged'. PMID- 6533073 TI - N-nitroso compounds and human intracranial tumours. AB - Experimentalists have shown that various N-nitroso compounds are potent nervous system carcinogens, particularly when animals are exposed transplacentally. Information has been obtained concerning exposure to N-nitroso compounds and their precursors in three case-control studies of intracranial tumour patients in Los Angeles County, California. A study of women (185 pairs) found that level of consumption of nitrite-cured meats was related to meningioma development (p = 0.01). In a similar study of meningiomas in men (105 pairs), the association with cured meats was not clear. The most striking results were obtained in a study of young brain tumour patients (209 matched pairs). Increased risk was associated with maternal contact, during pregnancy, with N-nitrosamine-containing substances, such as burning incense (odds ratio, 3.3; p less than 0.01), sidestream cigarette smoke (odds ratio, 1.5; p = 0.03) and face make-up (odds ratio, 1.6; p = 0.02). Increased risk was also associated with maternal use of diuretics (odds ratio, 2.0; p = 0.03) and antihistamines (odds ratio, 3.4; p less than 0.01) and with the level of maternal consumption of cured meats (p less than 0.01). Diuretics and antihistamines contain nitrosatable amines and amides, and cured meats contain nitrites - chemicals which are precursors of N-nitroso compounds. Additional epidemiological studies of nervous system tumours in young people would appear to offer considerable promise for testing the hypothesis that N-nitroso compounds are etiologically related to human neurogenic neoplasms. PMID- 6533074 TI - Relevance of gastric achlorhydria to human carcinogenesis. PMID- 6533075 TI - Geographic and social class variation within the UK in levels of salivary nitrates and nitrites. A preliminary report. AB - In the study, the first results of which are reported here, salivary nitrate and nitrite levels were examined in populations drawn from regions of the UK which differ in mortality rates for gastric cancer. The aims were to see, firstly, whether there was an equivalent geographic variation for nitrate and nitrite levels and, secondly, whether within each region any socio-economic or dietary characteristics correlated with the salivary levels. The results show that the nitrate and nitrite levels are significantly higher in residents from the Oxford region (low gastric cancer incidence area) than in residents from the north-east of England and north Wales (high-incidence areas). Further, within each area there is a noticeable relationship between nitrate and nitrite levels and age and social class. The social class trend is, as with the geographic trend, the inverse of that for stomach cancer risk. It is felt that the explanation of these results is probably a greater consumption of fresh, nitrate-containing vegetables by people in the Oxford region and by those in higher socio-economic groups. The implications that these results have for the nitrate hypothesis in relation to gastric cancer is discussed. PMID- 6533076 TI - N-nitrosamines in smoked meats and their relation to diabetes. PMID- 6533077 TI - Epidemiological assessment of risk to humans from exposure to nitrosamines. AB - In order for epidemiologists to evaluate the 'nitrosamine hypothesis' it is necessary to develop measures of human exposure to N-nitrosamines - both exogenous and when formed internally through consumption precursors. Dissatisfied with indefinite findings using indirect indices of N-nitrosamine exposure, we have attempted to derive an index based on the known kinetics of N-nitrosamine formation. This has been applied in a case-control study of cerebral tumours and resulted in a suggestive finding of increased risk for exogenous but not total N nitrosamine exposure. A potential difficulty with our index is doubt as to whether vegetable sources of nitrates and consequent endogenous formation of nitrites indeed result in N-nitrosamine exposure, in view of the possible presence of blocking agents or of vitamin C consumed at the same time as vegetables. Further work is necessary, but we hope to apply the index in a case control study of gastric cancer currently under analysis. PMID- 6533078 TI - Occupational exposure to N-nitrosamines. Air measurements and biological monitoring. PMID- 6533079 TI - Biological monitoring in the metal working industry. AB - N-Nitrosodiethanolamine (NDELA) is a strong carcinogen in animal experiments. Its occurrence in cutting and grinding fluids represents a major risk for workers who come into contact with those compounds. But until now it was not possible to describe the extent of N-nitrosodiethanolamine exposure at the workplace. Since 60-90% of N-nitrosodiethanolamine given by oral, intravenous, epicutaneous or intratracheal application in rat experiments is excreted unchanged in the urine, N-nitrosodiethanolamine should be found in the urine of workers in the metal working industry. Analyses of grinding fluids containing di- and triethanolamine in combination with up to 30% nitrite showed concentrations of up to 593 mg/kg N nitrosodiethanolamine in the original, concentrated fluid and up to 90 mg/kg in ready-to-use emulsions. In preliminary investigations, it was also found in the urines of metal grinders: of 264 urines analysed, 166 showed positive results (greater than 0.5 micrograms/kg) with levels up to 103 micrograms/kg N nitrosodiethanolamine. These results indicate that workers' exposure to NDELA can be monitored by urine analysis. PMID- 6533080 TI - Recent studies on N-nitroso compounds as possible etiological factors in oesophageal cancer. AB - Possible etiological factors involved in oesophageal cancer in various parts of the world and in certain provinces in Northern China are summarized. Evidence is accumulating that N-nitroso compounds and their precursors are involved in the disease in Northern China, as shown in a recent study: excretion of urinary N nitrosamino acids by inhabitants living in a high- (Linxian) and in a low-risk area (Fanxian) for oesophageal cancer was compared. Linxian subjects excreted significantly more nitrate and nitrosamino acids (N-nitrosoproline, N nitrosothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid, N-nitrososarcosine) than those in Fanxian. When Linxian subjects were given 100 mg vitamin C three times a day (after each meal) together with proline, the level of urinary N-nitrosamino acids was reduced to that found in Fanxian. Thus, vitamin C, an efficient inhibitor of endogenous nitrosation, should now be examined in intervention trials in subjects in whom endogenous formation of N-nitroso compounds is elevated. PMID- 6533081 TI - In-vivo nitrosation, precancerous lesions and cancers of the gastrointestinal tract. On-going studies and preliminary results. PMID- 6533083 TI - Effect of gastric surgery for benign peptic ulcer and ascorbic acid therapy on concentrations of nitrite and N-nitroso compounds in gastric juice. PMID- 6533084 TI - Clinical response in relation to dose of penicillamine in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Large differences exist in the maintenance doses of penicillamine that clinicians regard as effective and safe in rheumatoid arthritis. From a study of the results of several clinical trials and surveys it is evident that, while some of the differences of regimen result from true individual variation in the response of patients to particular doses, others derive from the variety of criteria of efficacy and toxicity used by different clinicians. No regimen has proved clinically curative or has consistently halted radiographic deterioration. In most surveys regardless of dose at least one-third of the patients stop treatment because of toxicity or inefficacy. Placebo-controlled trials have been of short (less than 1 year) duration and longer term surveys have not included a placebo group so that the therapeutic contribution of penicillamine therapy in the long term treatment of the generality of rheumatoid patients cannot be estimated accurately. Good control of the disease has been recorded in numbers of patients for five years or more at different doses of penicillamine, most clinicians being prepared to raise or lower doses according to response. Under the prevailing circumstances it may be impossible to complete an adequately controlled long term dose/response study of penicillamine in rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 6533085 TI - Concentrations of lonazolac in serum and synovial fluid of patients with inflammatory or degenerate joint disease. AB - In 15 patients with inflammatory and degenerative joint disease the concentrations of lonazolac were measured in serum and synovial fluid at steady state conditions. The mean concentration in the synovial fluid in 14 patients was 0.275 microgram/ml, which was 48% of that in the serum. For the patients with inflammatory joint disease, the synovial fluid concentration of lonazolac was 61% of that in the serum whereas in degenerative joint disease it reached only 39%. PMID- 6533082 TI - Formation of nitrite in gastric juice of patients with various gastric disorders after ingestion of a standard dose of nitrate--a possible risk factor in gastric carcinogenesis. AB - Samples of fasting gastric juice (12-h fasting period) from patients with various upper gastrointestinal complaints and from healthy controls were collected by aspiration immediately before and 30, 90, and 240 min after ingestion of 200 mg nitrate in water. Nitrite concentration in the gastric juice of healthy controls remained essentially in a low concentration range throughout the whole sampling period (median values at various time points, 0.1-1.7 mg/L). Patients with gastric and duodenal ulcers and patients who had undergone proximal-gastral vagotomy did not show significant increases in gastric nitrite at any time when compared with healthy controls, using the Wilcoxon rank sum test. Patients with chronic atrophic gastritis and those who had undergone Billroth I or Billroth II gastric resection, however, showed significant increases in gastric nitrite, sometimes with high individual peaks: 80 mg/L in one patient with chronic atrophic gastritis, 50 mg/L in a Billroth I patient and 200 mg/L in a Billroth II patient. The results show that patients with chronic atrophic gastritis and patients who have undergone Billroth I and Billroth II gastrotomy not only have higher basal nitrite values in their gastric juice (12-h fasting) but also react with significantly higher increases in gastric nitrite to an oral dose of 200 mg nitrate, compared with healthy controls, ulcer patients and patients who have undergone proximal-gastral vagotomy. Higher nitrite levels might lead to an enhanced intragastric formation of N-nitroso compounds, and this might be relevant to the increased gastric cancer risk of these groups of patients. PMID- 6533086 TI - Zidometacin: pharmacokinetic study on oral absorption. AB - Zidometacin is a new nonsteroidal antiinflammatory agent structurally related to indomethacin. Pharmacological studies show its favourable activity/ulcerogenicity ratio in comparison to indomethacin. Preliminary clinical data indicate a good analgesic effect after a single dose and an improvement of functional conditions of the joint after short-term therapy. Pharmacokinetic parameters and bioavailability of the drug were evaluated in the present study after the administration of a single oral dose. Nine healthy volunteers without impairment of hepatic and renal function were selected. According to a 3 X 3 replicated latin square they received a 100 mg capsule, a 200 mg capsule and a 100 mg solution (sodium salt). After various time intervals, blood samples and urines were collected. Plasma and urine levels were evaluated by means of a specific high-performance liquid chromatography method. No difference between plasma levels of capsules (100 mg) and solution (100 mg) was observed. Capsules showed a dose/level relationship between 100 mg and 200 mg. Mean half-lives (+/- s.d.) of capsules (100 and 200 mg) and solution were respectively 3.5 +/- 2.33, 2.8 +/- 1.22, 4.4 +/- 2.96 h. The 0-48 h recovery of total zidometacin (free + conjugated) was 27.4% (100 mg capsule), 20.7% (200 mg capsule) and 24.6% (solution). Only a small amount of zidometacin was excreted unchanged. The drug is well absorbed and its bioavailability appears satisfactory. PMID- 6533087 TI - Pharmacokinetics in the elderly. AB - The article discusses how and why drug responses are altered in elderly patients. It describes how the mutation of body composition and decay of physiological functions in the aged alters the pharmacokinetic parameters and consequently the drug responses. It also provides guidelines on which to base estimates of an accurate drug schedule. PMID- 6533088 TI - Adipose tissue characteristics of ex-obese long-distance runners. AB - Mean fat cell diameter and lipolytic activities of adipose tissue were determined in five ex-obese runners (EOR) who had experienced a mean weight loss of 39.5 kg during the course of a long-distance running program. At the time of investigation, their mean weekly running distance was 95 km in which no diet manipulation was needed to maintain their body weight. Body fat was estimated to be 14.3 percent of their body weight. Despite the high amount of exercise, subjects were not able to reduce body weight any further. Their values were compared with those obtained in the two following groups (1): six elite long distance runners (ER) having a lower percent body fat (percent fat = 9.5); (2) five sedentary controls (SC) who were paired for adiposity with EOR (percent fat = 14.4). All subjects were submitted to a biopsy of subcutaneous fat in the suprailiac region, in which mean fat cell diameter was 57.5, 74.5, and 86 microns in EOR, ER and SC respectively. Basal and epinephrine-stimulated lipolysis were similar in EOR and SC, while ER exhibited higher values. These results indicate that exercise-training can produce important weight losses when subjects are capable of tolerating high levels of energy expenditure for extended periods of time. Moreover, the reduced fat cell diameter for a higher adiposity in EOR as compared to ER suggests that resistance to further fat loss may occur when the fat cell size is markedly reduced. No deficit in maximal epinephrine stimulated lipolysis of isolated fat cells was found in EOR in comparison to SC subjects, but they failed to adapt like lean ER subjects. PMID- 6533089 TI - Relationship between weight change and the reduction or cessation of cigarette smoking. AB - To determine the relationship between body weight and reduction or cessation of cigarette smoking, body weight and height as well as serum thiocyanate concentration were measured in 107 persons before and after participation in smoking-cessation programs. Body weight increased in only 67.3 percent of cases, but increases in body weight were associated with the greater reduction in cigarette consumption while the absence of weight gain was associated with a small reduction in cigarette consumption. Body weight increases after participation in the program were significantly (P less than 0.05) greater in men than in women despite the absence of a significant difference in the reduction of cigarette consumption between men and women. Analysis of variance failed to show a significant deviation from linearity in the significant relationship between reduction in tobacco consumption and increase in body weight. A number of variables assessed at entry into the study, such as age, age at starting smoking, cigarette consumption, initial body weight or anxiety level (Manifest Anxiety Scale) did not correlate with the change in weight in men or women. These data suggest that the most important determinant of weight gain is the amount of reduction in cigarette consumption and that there are important sex differences in response of body weight to reduction of tobacco consumption. PMID- 6533090 TI - Relation of breath methane with obesity and other factors. AB - In a study of breath methane concentration 43 percent of males and 49 percent of females produced detectable amounts. The proportion of methane producers increased significantly with age in males but not in females. Obesity as measured by the sum of triceps, forearm, suprailiac and subscapular skinfolds was significantly less in producers than non-producers. Amongst methane producers there was also an inverse relationship between skinfold thickness and the breath methane concentration. Breath methane concentrations were lower in males than females. In addition, a higher proportion of methane producers was found amongst secretors of blood group substances (ABH antigen) than non-secretors. PMID- 6533091 TI - The cholesterol saturation of bile and its reduction by chenodeoxycholic acid in massively obese patients. AB - Massively obese patients are at high risk for developing cholesterol gallstones. The objectives of this study were to determine the influence of massive obesity on the cholesterol saturation of bile, and to examine the effect of massive obesity on the ability of chenodeoxycholic acid to decrease biliary cholesterol saturation. Gallbladder bile collected at surgery from massively obese patients was significantly more saturated with cholesterol than bile from non-obese patients who were matched for age, sex and gallstone status (P less than 0.01). Median biliary cholesterol saturation index values for groups of subjects were: no gallstones-not obese (0.83); no gallstones-obese (1.14); gallstones-not obese (1.08); gallstones-obese (1.37). Furthermore, a 5-week course of chenodeoxycholic acid (6 mg/kg/day) was less effective in reducing biliary cholesterol saturation in massively obese patients. The bile of 4 of 10 obese patients remained supersaturated, compared to only one of 10 non-obese patients. These results indicate that biliary cholesterol saturation is raised in massive obesity and that in this condition, the biliary lipid response to chenodeoxycholic acid is diminished. This may explain why obese patients have a relatively poor response to gallstone dissolution therapy with this bile acid. PMID- 6533092 TI - Effects of passage, growth phase, and heterogeneity of a tumor cell population on tumor cell chemotaxis. AB - Recent reports indicate that a wide range of mammalian cells exhibit chemotactic behavior. Unlike the neutrophil, which has been most extensively studied, many of these cells are capable of cell division and passage in vivo and in tissue culture. In this paper we describe studies on the Walker carcinosarcoma 256, a rat mammary tumor which exhibits chemotactic responses to factors in the media of cultured resorbing bone and to a factor generated by proteolysis of the fifth component of serum complement (C5). We demonstrate here that long-term passage in vitro, passage in vivo, the phase of growth, and the heterogeneous nature of this tumor can have a significant effect on the chemotactic behavior of Walker carcinosarcoma cells. PMID- 6533093 TI - Metastases of human tumor xenografts in nude mice. AB - In the present study, using systematic microscopic examination, we tried to determine the true incidence of metastases in nude mice bearing a wide variety of human tumors. A total of 63 malignant tumors were successfully transplanted subcutaneously and 831 nude mice bearing tumors were examined. It appeared that 17 of the 63 tumors (26.9%) retained their metastatic ability in nude mice. Most of these tumors were adenocarcinomas (11/17 cases). Generally the metastatic deposits in the lungs and, to a lesser extent, in the lymph nodes were small and thus only detectable on microscopic examination. We also found a positive correlation between the presence of metastases and neoplastic infiltration of the lymphatic and/or blood vessels around the subcutaneous tumors. Metastatic human tumors, including neoplastic cells from effusion, exhibited higher metastatic ability than primary tumors (p less than 0.005). However, the expression of this metastatic potential depends on several factors including tumor volume, survival time after inoculation and murine hepatitis infection. Thus, animals with metastases bore larger tumors (9.56 cm3) than those without metastasis (6.35 cm3; p less than 0.0001). Moreover, survival time after inoculation was longer in mice with metastases (104 days) than in mice without metastases (81 days; p less than 0.0001). A negative influence of viral hepatitis on the incidence of metastases was observed. This may simply be related to the shortened life span of the animals. Death due to this infection may precede the expression of the metastatic potential. PMID- 6533094 TI - Rapid phenotype variation in cells derived from lung metastases of KHT fibrosarcoma. AB - We have established previously that intravenously derived metastatic variants are generated in KHT fibrosarcoma cells at an effective rate of 10( 5)/cell/generation. To study the properties of these variants further, we examined several lines of KHT fibrosarcoma cells obtained from experimental lung metastases. When tested using an experimental metastasis assay, some of the lines were highly metastatic, relative to parental lines, but these highly metastatic phenotypes were often rapidly lost as the lines were grown in vitro, and both decreases and increases in metastatic ability were observed. In another set of experiments, lines obtained by 10 serial selections of experimental lung metastases without intervening in vitro growth between passages were also analyzed. Again, while highly metastatic phenotypes were observed in some instances, they did not persist beyond 1 or 2 in vivo passages, and the series as a whole failed to reveal a persistent increase in ability to form experimental metastases. We conclude from these experiments that although metastatic variants are generated at high rates in KHT cell lines, the phenotype is lost at even higher rates, and metastatic variants represent only a small proportion of the tumor cell population. Thus, it appears that in this system rapid phenotypic variation may play an important role in the metastatic process. PMID- 6533095 TI - Invasiveness in vitro of two mammary adenocarcinoma tumors with different metastasizing ability. AB - The adhesive and invasive capacities of a transplantable mammary adenocarcinoma that grew spontaneously in a BALB/c mouse with a moderate lung metastatic ability (M3) and a related variant tumor with a higher metastatic potential (MM3) were confronted with precultivated fragments of neonatal syngeneic lung and kidney in three-dimensional culture. M3 cells adhered only to lung as isolated clusters or surrounded the fragments, forming a dense rim. These adherent cells invaded half of the lung pieces in few places and as thick tongues. On the other side, the highly metastatic tumor MM3 adhered to lung and kidney with a similar frequency, mostly surrounding the confronted fragments as a monolayer. MM3 cells deeply infiltrated the lung and kidney pieces, at several points up to 70 and 100%, respectively, either as fine strands or as solitary cells. Invasion by MM3 cells was always accompanied by a dense, homogeneous, acidophilic necrosis of the whole fragments. The higher in vitro invasiveness of MM3 cells could be associated to their higher metastasizing potential in vivo. PMID- 6533096 TI - Scope and value of bone marrow biopsies in metastatic cancer. AB - The results of examination of 1,810 bone marrow biopsies of 1,725 patients with known or suspected carcinomas are presented. The frequency of positive biopsies was 72% for unknown primaries, 42% for mammary, 32% for prostatic, 14% for pulmonary and 19% for other cancers; the overall rate of detection of metastases was 35%. The mode of spread, the grade of tumour cell differentiation and the host response to the presence of the metastases were investigated by light and electron microscopic studies and by means of antibody reactions on fresh-frozen sections. The results are presented and their relevance to the fundamental understanding of the metastatic process is outlined. Implications for clinical oncology and patient management are discussed. PMID- 6533097 TI - Single-step selection of unique human melanoma variants displaying unusually aggressive metastatic behavior in nude athymic mice. AB - Using two different approaches, variants from a pigmented human melanoma cell line called MeWo were selected in a single step which displayed an unusually aggressive ability to metastasize in adult athymic nude mice. The first set of variants was obtained by recovery, and establishment in culture, of 'spontaneous' lung metastases obtained 5-6 months after subcutaneous inoculation of the parent MeWo line. That these metastases arose by a nonrandom process, and were authentic variants, was shown by the fact that they were always highly aneuploid, having predominantly near-triploid or near-tetraploid chromosome numbers. In contrast, the parent MeWo cells had a predominant hypodiploid chromosome mode with a minor population (less than 10%) of near-tetraploid cells. A second set of variants was obtained through in vitro selection of cloned lectin-resistant (Lecr) aneuploid 'membrane mutants' from MeWo, using wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) as the selective agent. Some of these mutants manifested an extraordinary ability to disseminate widely and extensively to many extrapulmonary sites after intravenous inoculation of the cells; furthermore, the metastases, even those less than 0.5 mm in diameter ('pinhead' sized), were easily visible because of the remarkably intense pigmented nature of the mutant cells. These results provide a promising direction to take for the derivation of heterogenous sublines of human tumors which not only metastasize aggressively in nude mice, but which do so in a manner not unlike what is actually observed in their natural host. PMID- 6533098 TI - Nonorganophilic, hematogenous dissemination in the presence of positive lymph nodes of a malignant tumor in rabbits. AB - An animal model has been devised which for the first time allows direct investigation of the roles of vascular dynamics, hematogenous versus lymphatic pathways, and involved regional lymph nodes in malignant dissemination. The VX2 anaplastic carcinoma growing in the hindlimb of rabbits normally metastasizes exclusively to the lungs, yet in this study was made to metastasize exclusively to the liver by construction of a cavoportal shunt prior to tumor transplantation. This technique also provided separation of the tumor's venous and lymphatic outflow. Normal and shunted animals with forelimb transplantation of the tumor, which acted as controls for the effects of the shunt operation itself, showed the same metastatic pattern as normal rabbits bearing hindlimb tumors. These results are direct evidence that a primary tumor metastasizes according to non-organophilic circulation dynamics and that lymphatic pathways, including metastatic regional lymph nodes, have no role in distant metastasis. PMID- 6533099 TI - Mechanism of renal excretion of various X-ray contrast materials in rabbits. AB - The excretory behavior of nine nephrotropic contrast agents with varying physicochemical properties such as charge, lipophilicity, and molecular size was investigated. Renal clearance in comparison with inulin was determined by means of the continuous infusion method. Each contrast agent was infused at three dose levels in four to six rabbits. The investigations show that tubular transportation in proportion to glomerular filtration decreases with increasing dosages of all the contrast agents. Thus, with the highest concentration in plasma all contrast agents are eliminated at more or less the glomerular filtration rate (GFR). After administration of the low dosages the following differences are found: 1) Net tubular secretion increases for the monomeric contrast agent acids with increasing lipophilicity, in the order diatrizoate congruent to iothalamate less than iodamide less than acetrizoate. 2) The clearance studies do not reveal any tubular secretion or reabsorption for a hydrophilic cationic contrast agent. 3) The nonionic contrast agents do not show net secretion. The more lipophilic they are, the more they are reabsorbed. 4) Two dimeric contrast agents also do not reveal any tubular secretion. They seem to be reabsorbed more than monomers with the same charge. PMID- 6533100 TI - Increased urine histamine and contrast media reactions. AB - Urine samples were collected from 200 subjects undergoing intravenous pyelography. The urine histamine levels were compared with those of 132 normal control subjects, 11 subjects with systemic mastocytosis, six subjects with idiopathic anaphylaxis, and ten subjects experiencing mild anaphylactic reactions during allergy immunotherapy. Compared with normal controls, as a group, all subjects receiving intravenous contrast media had increased urine histamine (P less than 0.05 by Student's t-test) while those subjects experiencing adverse reactions had considerably larger increases. The urine histamine levels in the subjects experiencing systemic reactions were in the same range as those observed in patients having mild anaphylactic reactions to immunotherapy and somewhat lower than those found in idiopathic anaphylaxis or systemic mastocytosis. These data suggest that some histamine release accompanies infusions of contrast media in all subjects and that larger amounts of histamine release are associated with adverse reactions. PMID- 6533101 TI - Alteration in starch microsphere degradation following contrast angiography in the dog kidney. AB - Six adult mongrel dogs received bilateral sequential renal arterial injections of degradable starch microspheres following preadministration arteriograms. Renal arterial flow was measured using electromagnetic flow probes, and microspheres were administered until flow was blocked completely. One kidney in each dog was subjected to immediate postembolization arteriography, while the contralateral kidney served as a control. In the control kidneys, arterial flow returned to 90 95% of baseline within 30 minutes of embolization, and angiography at this time revealed a normal nephrogram. Blood flow in the kidneys that received postembolization arteriography returned to only 60-65% of baseline, even when followed up to 1 hour. Angiography at this time revealed persistent defects in the nephrogram. The effect of heparin, Renografin-60, and distilled deionized water on amylase activity was evaluated in vitro. No change in enzyme activity was noted. PMID- 6533102 TI - Excretion of contrast media by the immature rabbit. Comparison of Renografin and Iopamidol. AB - The excretion of iodinated contrast media was studied in 13 immature rabbits after the intravenous injection of 2 ml/kg (approximately 600 mg I/kg) of radio labelled Renografin-60, a high osmolality agent (1510 mOsm/kg), or Iopamidol-300, a new agent with a much lower osmolality (616 mOsm/kg). Renografin, but not Iopamidol, induced an immediate but transient 40% fall in blood pressure, a marked diuresis that was 3.4 times greater at its maximum than for Iopamidol, and a much lower urinary iodine concentration at the time of maximum diuresis (Renografin: 90.3 +/- 9.2 microgram/ml; Iopamidol: 213 +/- 32.9 microgram/ml). No difference between the two contrast media was found for plasma iodine concentration, renal clearance from the plasma, urinary iodine excretion rate or volume of distribution. In five additional rabbit pups, formal clearance studies made using a constant IV infusion of the agents and timed collections of urine and plasma showed that Iopamidol and Renografin were cleared at the same rate by the kidneys (P greater than 0.9). PMID- 6533104 TI - Effect of intravenously administered iodipamide ethyl ester particles on rat liver morphology. AB - The effect of intravenously injected iodipamide ethyl ester (IDE) particles (150 mgI/kg) on the rat liver was studied by light and electron microscopy. IDE particles were phagocytized by Kupffer cells within a few minutes postinjection. After 4 hours particles began to dissolve in the Kupffer cells causing transient morphologic alterations resembling hydropic degeneration. The number of Kupffer cells seemed, however, to be unchanged and were ultrastructurally normal by 17 days postinjection. Hepatocytes contained large lipid droplets from one to four days after IDE injection. No changes were found in the hepatocytes from one week to one year after IDE injection. The fat-storing cells and endothelial cells remained ultrastructurally normal throughout the study. PMID- 6533103 TI - Perfluoroctylbromide. Acute hemodynamic effects, in pigs, of intravenous administration compared with the standard ionic contrast media. AB - Perfluoroctylbromide (PFOB) is a relatively new noniodinated contrast media that, after intravenous administration, produces prolonged opacification of the blood pool and subsequently selectively enhances the liver and spleen on computed tomography. There has been concern regarding the hemodynamic effect of this agent but little actual knowledge exists in this regard. Accordingly, the acute transient hemodynamic effects of PFOB emulsion were evaluated in five pigs and compared with the standard ionic contrast agent meglumine sodium diatrizoate (Renografin-76). Left ventricular (LV) pressure, internal diameter, and wall thickness were monitored during the alternate intravenous administration of 930 mg/ml PFOB and 370 mg/ml R-76 at a rate of 20 mls/second for a total volume of 1 ml/kg body weight. Renografin-76 caused a significant decrease in LV pressure and dp/dt (rate of change of LV pressure), and an increase in LV end-systolic diameter and a decrease in LV end-diastolic wall thickness. PFOB caused no change in LV pressure and dimensions. Thus, rapid intravenous administration of PFOB does not induce significant acute alterations in left ventricular pressure, dp/dt, dimension, or wall thickness. PMID- 6533105 TI - Liposomes carrying diatrizoate. Characterization of biophysical properties and imaging applications. AB - We have prepared and characterized a suspension of liposomes carrying diatrizoate. Vesicles were made with egg lecithin, cholesterol, and stearylamine in a 4:1:1 molar ratio, and contained meglumine sodium diatrizoate in their aqueous phase. They ranged up to 2.0 microns in size and had a multilamellar structure. These vesicles were then injected into normal and tumor-bearing rats, as well as normal dogs and a baboon. The iodine component proved to have a prolonged blood pool residence time, was cleared through reticuloendothelial and urinary tissues, and was completely excreted within seven days. The LD50 in mice was 2.3 g I/kg (38.5 g of liposome suspension/kg). Imaging studies with diatrizoate-carrying liposomes demonstrated marked and prolonged contrast enhancement of blood pool, liver, spleen, kidneys, urine, and tumor rims. Furthermore, the blood, liver, and spleen opacification was greater and longer sustained than when an equivalent amount of iodine in free diatrizoate was used. These diatrizoate-carrying liposomes are particularly well suited for computed tomographic imaging of blood pool and reticuloendothelial structures. PMID- 6533106 TI - The development of a standard set of chest radiographs to test a radiologist's expertise. AB - Six test sets of normal and abnormal chest radiographs were presented to eight radiologists for their interpretation. Based upon their responses to these tests, it was determined that some radiologists consistently overread, some underread, and others do neither. From an analysis of the radiologist's responses, cases from the two best test sets could be combined to produce a standard test set of 50 to 60 chest radiographs representing a variety of pulmonary diseases. This test then could measure a radiologist's proficiency at interpretating the normal and abnormal chest, and those who consistently differ with their colleagues would be so informed. PMID- 6533107 TI - Magnetic field dependence of 1/T1 of protons in tissue. AB - It is well established that the spin-lattice magnetic relaxation rate 1/T1 of solvent protons in homogeneous protein solutions increases dramatically as the magnetic field is reduced well below the traditional NMR range. For a 5% solution of protein of 10(5) Daltons, for example, 1/T1 increases from about 50% above the pure solvent rate at 20 MHz to five times the solvent rate at 0.01 MHz. At higher fields, the effect of protein on the relaxation rate decreases progressively toward zero. 1/T1 of solvent in erythrocyte suspension behaves similarly, indicating that extracellular water has ready access to intracellular protein. We now report analogous data for samples of various mammalian tissues: we find that the data can be accommodated within the conceptual framework developed earlier for analyzing homogeneous protein solutions. It appears that tissue water probes the macromolecular composition and structure in a tissue-specific fashion. The variation of 1/T1 with field differs for each tissue, and its magnitude at low fields varies by more than a factor of three, far more than does the water content of the tissues. The relevance to contrast in NMR imaging is discussed. PMID- 6533108 TI - Experimental acute renal artery stenosis. Dynamic CT and renal perfusion. AB - Unilateral renal artery stenosis of varying degrees was induced in six of seven pigs. Renal perfusion prior to and after stenosing the renal artery was determined by standard renal clearance and by the direct measurement of renal blood flow. Renal blood flow was reduced from 29 to 56% (mean 40%) in the poststenotic ischemic kidneys. A significant correlation was found between the opacification of the poststenotic ischemic kidneys after intraaortic bolus injection and direct renal blood flow (r = 0.89, P less than 0.01). There was also a significant correlation (r = 0.85, P less than 0.01) between the opacification of the kidneys and their respective glomerular filtration rates. Renal opacification determined by CT correlates significantly with renal perfusion. PMID- 6533109 TI - Comparative microangiographic studies of glycerol- and mercuric chloride-induced acute renal failure in rats. AB - Microcirculatory abnormalities may be important in the genesis and/or maintenance of acute renal failure. This work describes the functional, microangiographic, and histopathologic alterations in two experimental models of acute renal failure. Glycerol and mercuric chloride (HgCl2) administration to dehydrated rats produced acute renal failure characterized by a similar degree of renal dysfunction at 24 hours and almost complete functional recovery at one week. Both toxins were associated with early (1/2-1 hour) microangiographically determined perfusion alterations, but in the rats given glycerol, a return to near normal appearance was noted at 2 to 6 hours. Subsequent studies did show mild to moderate residual changes at one week. In contrast, HgCl2 treatment was associated with progressive microcirculatory abnormalities that correlated in part with residual histopathologic alterations. These studies emphasize the discrepancy between functional, circulatory, and pathologic abnormalities in experimental acute renal failure and may improve our understanding of this complex disorder. PMID- 6533110 TI - Clinical, endoscopic and histologic review in patients submitted to colectomy and ileorectal anastomosis for ulcerative colitis. AB - The main advantage of colectomy and ileorectal anastomosis performed in patients with ulcerative colitis is the preservation of the rectum and anal continence. However, it represents a high-risk condition for the development of carcinoma in the rectal stump. Thirty-five patients submitted to colectomy and ileorectal anastomosis for ulcerative colitis were interviewed and reviewed through endoscopic and histologic examinations of the rectum. Timing of the investigations varied according to the duration of the disease. Twenty-four patients who had the disease for less than 10 years (Group I) were examined every 12 months, whereas 11 patients (Group II) who had the disease for over 10 years were reviewed every 6 months. Endoscopic aspects of inflammation were graded as mild, moderate or severe. At histology, the disease was classified as quiescent, active or healed. Follow-up was 1-5.6 years. At one year, one patient of Group II presented persistent severe dysplasia on specimens taken from a flat area of rectal mucosa. Proctectomy was advised and performed. Anal complications arose in two patients: anal fissure (1) and anal fissure associated with an anal fistula (1). Endoscopic and histologic improvement of the rectal mucosa was observed in 45% and 54% of the patients in Group I and II respectively. At 5 years, endoscopic, histologic and clinical improvement was noted in 76%, 61% and 85% of the patients respectively. Colectomy and ileorectal anastomosis can be considered a valid procedure in a selected group of patients with ulcerative colitis, provided that regular endoscopic, histologic and clinical review is carried out to permit early detection of premalignant changes in the rectal stump. PMID- 6533111 TI - Primary retroperitoneal tumors: report of 21 cases. AB - A personal series of 21 cases of primary retroperitoneal tumors (PRT) are reported and the clinical features, diagnostic assessment, surgical treatment and results are examined. The problem of the complementary radio-chemotherapy, which is mandatory following surgical resection, is also dealt with. It is underlined that long-term results are improved only by early diagnosis and therefore the use of the most recent technical procedures, such as echotomography, computed tomography, and angiography, is stressed. PMID- 6533112 TI - Clinical experience with sublobar liver resections. AB - 106 liver resections have been performed at the Department of Surgery. 42 of these were liver segmentectomies and other minor liver resections. Such kinds of resective procedure have been adopted in 40 patients affected by benign or malignant lesions in whom the normal liver parenchyma had to be preserved. Indications and technical aspects of hepatic tissue preservation in liver resection are discussed. Liver segmentectomy required a transparenchymal approach, by means of finger fracture technique, through scissural planes to the deeply located segmental pedicle. It should be noted that blood loss and complication rate may be minimized when the technical procedure is carefully performed. A satisfactory survival rate in patients with hepatic involvement from colonic cancer is reported. PMID- 6533113 TI - Iatrogenic lesions of main bile duct. AB - Eighty-six patients operated for stenosis caused by previous iatrogenic lesions of main bile duct over a 13-year period are reported. The incidence of operative lesions of main bile duct is 0.2 to 0.7% and a number of them are caused by surgery on the biliary tract (90%-95%), gastric resection or portacaval shunt. Sixty-five cases were treated by hepaticojejunostomy, 3 by hepaticojejunoduodenostomy and the remaining 18 patients underwent choledochoduodenostomy. Postoperative complications and long term results are also examined. PMID- 6533114 TI - Pathophysiological patterns of hepaticojejunostomy. Scintigraphic evaluation. AB - Results obtained using 99mTc HIDA in the follow-up of 17 patients who underwent hepaticojejunal bypass for different indications are examined. Results are also compared to other commonly used procedures such as echography and cholangiography (I.V. or PTC). Preliminary results appear to confirm that cholescintigraphy is an accurate procedure which allows an anterograde and physiologic visualization of the anastomosis. PMID- 6533115 TI - Pancreaticoduodenectomy with pylorus preservation. AB - 30 cases of pancreaticoduodenectomy with pylorus preservation are reported. The operative mortality has been 6,6%. Technical details of the operation are discussed and the importance of maintaining an optimal vascularization of the duodenal wall is stressed. Long term results (maximum follow-up 2 years) seem to be excellent with a clear improvement of the digestive function as compared to the traditional pancreatectomy with gastric resection. Jejunal ulcerative complications have not been observed. It is believed that pylorus preservation should become the operation of choice in pancreatectomy performed for benign diseases. PMID- 6533116 TI - Duodenal leiomyosarcoma and its multiple recurrences: good surgical result after three years of follow-up. AB - Duodenal leiomyosarcoma is a rare tumor and its current prognosis is poor. A case of duodenal leiomyosarcoma is described which recurred five years after the first intestinal resection, and was treated successfully with pancreaticoduodenectomy (PCD), extensive small bowel resection, and transverse, descending and sigmoid colon removal. The patient is still alive three years after this operation. Preservation of the stomach and the first duodenal portion after PCD most likely reduced the malabsorption, which is expected following such radical intestinal resection. This experience suggests an aggressive surgical approach to duodenal leiomyosarcomas, even when metastases are present. PMID- 6533117 TI - Resection of suprarenal inferior vena cava and dacron graft replacement without right nephrectomy for echinococcal cyst. Case report and review of the literature. AB - A case of a hepatic echinococcal cyst of the right lobe (diam. 16 cm.) involving the anterior wall of the retrohepatic inferior vena cava is reported. During surgery, the vein was occasionally damaged and suture of the lesion was not possible. Therefore resection of the retrohepatic vena cava was performed and the segmental continuity was replaced with a dacron graft (1,6 X 5 cm.). The patient had an uneventful recovery. The controls at 6, 12 and 24 months showed excellent permeability of the prosthesis. This report represents the second long-term survival case of the literature. The indications for graft replacement of the inferior vena cava, are discussed. PMID- 6533118 TI - Role of cholesterol and calcium bilirubinate crystals in acute postoperative acalculous cholecystitis. AB - Acute acalculous cholecystitis is rather unusual, but it is considered an increasing entity. Particularly interesting are the post-traumatic or post operative forms of acute acalculous cholecystitis. Ischemia of the gallbladder and biliary stasis are the most likely pathogenetic factors. A case of acute acalculous cholecystitis after total gastrectomy for cancer is presented. Particular emphasis is put on the significance of cholesterol and calcium bilirubinate crystals findings in the bile of the gallbladder. The pathogenetic role of this microscopic form of lithiasis in post-operative acalculous cholecystitis is discussed. It is concluded that all surgeons should be aware of this pathology since it is becoming much more common to be faced with elderly patients having life-threatening post-operative gallbladder complications unrelated to macroscopic lithiasis. PMID- 6533119 TI - Enterogenous reduplication cyst of the pancreas. A case report. AB - A case of enterogenous cyst of the head of the pancreas is reported. The cyst was shown to be endowed with both secreting and absorbing intestinal epithelium. The surgical treatment consisted in the removal of the whole cyst. The approach to be followed in the case of this extremely rare disease is briefly discussed, underlining that the present is the third such case to date reported in the literature. PMID- 6533120 TI - Inverted papilloma of the ureter. AB - The clinical and pathological findings of a case of inverted papilloma of the ureter are reported. Treatment consisted of partial ureteral resection, followed by end-to-end anastomosis. This uncommon lesion can be considered as a benign neoplasm, since recurrence and malignant degeneration are quite exceptional. Therefore a plea is made for conservative surgical treatment, although careful long term follow-up is advisable. PMID- 6533121 TI - Round Table: Porto-azygos disconnection. PMID- 6533122 TI - A new knee prosthesis. AB - A new knee prosthesis is described, with a 7-8 year follow-up of 14 cases. It is a hinge prosthesis with cortex bearing flanged stems reproducing the shape of the bones, self orientating and self-fixing. It can be used with or without cement. The results are very satisfactory. PMID- 6533123 TI - Posterolateral lumbosacral arthrodesis (P.L.A.). A study of 85 cases. AB - Posterolateral lumbar and lumbosacral arthrodesis has been used during the last 50 years as a method of posterior arthrodesis in patients who have undergone previous laminectomies or after previous unsuccessful attempts at posterior fusion. The higher percentages of successful fusion has extended the use of this technique to other conditions such as spondylolisthesis and lumbar pain due to segmental instability. The present study is a clinical and radiographic evaluation of the results obtained in a series of 84 patients affected by lumbar or lumbosciatic pain arising from different causes - spondylolisthesis, degenerative lumbar disc disease or failed operations for lumbar disc prolapse. The follow-up was 2-6 years. PMID- 6533124 TI - Southwick's osteotomy in the treatment of chronic slipped upper femoral epiphysis. Fixation with AO blade plate. AB - The radiographic and operative technique of Southwick's tridimensional osteotomy is described and illustrated, including the authors' personal method of fixation by an AO blade plate. Seventeen cases of chronic slipped upper femoral epiphysis have been treated by this method with very satisfactory results at a maximum follow-up of four years. PMID- 6533125 TI - The surgical treatment of mobile valgus flat foot in children. AB - The indications for surgical intervention in the treatment of mobile valgus flat foot in children are based on the age of the patient and the severity of the lesion. This depends on an accurate pre-operative assessment based on many clinical and radiographic signs and is the only way of deciding when orthotic treatment and physiokinesotherapy should be replaced by surgery. PMID- 6533126 TI - Congenital aplasia of the tibia. AB - The authors carried out a study of 15 patients with congenital aplasia of the tibia, 12 total and 6 partial. The clinical and radiographic characteristics of this severe deformity are discussed in relation to the classification and indications for treatment. The authors, whose preference is towards reconstructive surgery, had good results in the partial forms whilst in the total form reconstruction of a new knee joint gave functionally worthwhile results in exceptional cases. PMID- 6533127 TI - Biopsy: considerations on surgical technique derived from a study of 749 cases of bone tumour. AB - Based on a study of 749 consecutive cases submitted to open biopsy over a 12 year period, the authors discuss the possible grave consequences that can arise out of wrong attitudes or faulty technique. The statistical analysis, together with illustrative cases, demonstrates the difficulties, mistakes and biological damage that can result. Biopsy should always be associated with other methods of investigation, such as C.A.T. scanning, scintigraphy and angiography. It is a delicate and sometimes difficult procedure which requires close collaboration with the radiologist and pathologist. At the present time, our tendency is towards biopsy at the time of operation (with frozen sections) or to needle biopsy. PMID- 6533128 TI - Mechanisms of acetabular growth in the foetus in relation to the pathogenesis and treatment of congenital dislocation of the hip. AB - The development of the acetabulum has been studied histologically and histochemistry from the beginning of the foetal period to birth. The acetabular roof develops by interstitial growth of the acetabular cartilage and the limbus, enchodral ossification of the growth cartilage of the acetabulum and periosteal ossification of the iliac ala. In congenital dislocation of the hip (C.D.H.) this mechanism is altered but can be restored to normal by stable reduction during the first 4-5 years of life. Plastic operations to create a new roof ("shelf operations") are often destined to failure because they can not only damage the delicate histological structures concerned in the growth of the acetabulum, but the bone grafts used do not grow like the neighbouring osteocartilaginous structures. PMID- 6533129 TI - Clinical interpretation of cysts in the popliteal space using computerised tomography. AB - The use of computerised tomography in the examination of the knee joint has made it possible to investigate popliteal cysts much more precisely, particularly as regards incidence, localisation, size, shape and above all their possible relationship with other pathological conditions. In 315 examinations, 60 patients (19.5%) were found to have cysts in the popliteal space of whom only 9 were unassociated with any other pathology of the knee. Fifty-five (91.6%) of these cystic dilatations were semimembranosus bursae. The two pathogenetic theories which are favoured at the moment were considered in the light of our findings, but it appears from our experimental work that both could be valid. PMID- 6533130 TI - The innervation of the skin on the antero-medial region of the knee. AB - The frequency of operations on the knee, particularly on the antero-medial aspect, involving damage or section of sensory nerves, prompted the authors to carry out an accurate research on the innervation of this region. This revealed many variations of the normal anatomy which have been classified and illustrated in detail. PMID- 6533131 TI - Comparative neurophysiological assessments of nerve sutures performed by microsurgical methods and with fibrin glue: experimental study. AB - The authors carried out an experimental study to compare the regeneration of nerves repaired with human fibrin glue and those sutured with nylon. The experiments were performed on rat peroneal nerves; the degree of regeneration was assessed by the neurophysiological strain gauge method, which involved recording the intensity of isometric contraction of the extensor digitorum longus muscle, which is innervated by the peroneal nerve. The results showed that the nerves "glued" with fibrin exhibited better regeneration than those repaired by suture. PMID- 6533132 TI - Retrosternal dislocation of the clavicle. Observations on three cases. AB - The writers report three cases of retrosternal dislocation of the clavicle which exemplify the three fundamental anatomical variants and the consequent different therapeutic approach. A review of the literature indicates that this condition is extremely rare, although it may sometimes be related to severe and even fatal complications. PMID- 6533133 TI - Morphology of the cervical vertebrae in two caucasian ethnic groups. AB - A morphometric study of the cervical vertebrae was carried out on 63 Italian skeletons and 58 Asiatic Indian skeletons. The results indicate that there are considerable differences in the vertebral dimensions between ethnic groups of the same racial type. In a high proportion of both groups the mean sagittal diameter was less than 12 mm, which contradicts current opinion that this is the dividing line between the normal and the stenotic canal. PMID- 6533134 TI - The calcaneal index in the determination of osteoporosis. AB - The authors tested the reliability of a new method of evaluating osteoporosis and osteopenia radiographically. This is based on the calcaneal index, which can be correlated directly with Singh's femoral neck index and is inversely proportional to the age of the subjects tested. PMID- 6533135 TI - Histomorphometric study of the dynamics of mineralization in a case of osteomalacia caused by anticonvulsants treated with 25(OH)d3. AB - The authors describe the experimental method used to make histomorphometric determinations in a case of osteomalacia caused by anticonvulsant drugs treated with 25(OH)D3. This comprised double fluorescent markings repeated at set time intervals after taking biopsy samples from the patient. This combined method of study enabled the effect of the treatment to be monitored throughout its course. PMID- 6533136 TI - Laboratory evaluation of aureofungin against some phytopathogenic fungi. PMID- 6533137 TI - Persistance of antibiotics in leaves of sesamum (Sesamum indicum L.). PMID- 6533138 TI - Efficacy of Vinca rosea extracts against protease from human pathogenic strains of Trichophyton rubrum Sab. PMID- 6533139 TI - Fermentation process and products--3. Aminoacids by bacteria. PMID- 6533141 TI - Development of host resistance to Ancylostoma ceylanicum after the elimination of primary infection with oxfendazole. PMID- 6533140 TI - Anti-inflammatory activity of 6MFA, a microbial product of fungal origin. PMID- 6533142 TI - A comparative study of procaine estimation in procaine penicillin G by chloroform extraction method and spectrophotometric method. PMID- 6533143 TI - Fermentation: process and production 4. PMID- 6533144 TI - Cationic degradation of streptomycin and kanamycin by Aspergillus niger in broth cultures during fermentation in shake flasks. PMID- 6533145 TI - Activatable esterase activity of murine natural killer cell--YAC tumour cell conjugates. AB - Natural killer (NK) cells have been obtained from mouse spleens and grown in vitro. These cells: retained cytotoxicity against YAC targets; and were homogeneous as judged by morphology and surface markers. The alpha-naphthol acetate esterases (ANAE) and diisopropyl-fluorophosphate (DFP)-binding proteins of NK cells, YAC cells and NK-YAC conjugates have been examined. Ultrastructural cytochemistry indicates that NK cells have two types of ANAE: an enzyme primarily associated with the granule externum and an activatable ANAE associated with the granule internum. Both of these activities are inhibited by DFP. The activatable ANAE appears during incubation of NK cells with YAC cells. DFP-binding proteins were examined by sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and autofluorography. NK cells and YAC cells have major DFP-binding proteins of 35 X 10(3) and 20 X 10(3) Mr, respectively. NK-YAC conjugates had a new band at 55 X 10(3) Mr. This new protein may be identical to the activatable ANAE described above. Our studies provide evidence for an NK cell esterase that becomes activated when incubated in the presence of tumour cells. This esterase may be related to the cytolytic mechanism. PMID- 6533146 TI - Dissociation of insect Malpighian tubules into single, viable cells. AB - The Malpighian tubules of insects are generally composed of more than one cell type. In the hemipteran Rhodnius prolixus, the tubules are divided into two regions, termed the upper and lower tubules, each of which is composed of a distinct cell type. In the dipteran Aedes taeniorhynchus, primary and stellate cells are interspersed throughout the length of the tubules. We report here techniques for the dissociation of the Malpighian tubules of both of these species into single cells. Tubules are removed from the insect and placed for 1 h in insect Ringer containing elastase (Sigma, type III) at 4 mg/ml. This treatment fully removes the basal lamella. Mild agitation by hand produces a suspension of single cells, which remain viable as determined by Trypan Blue exclusion. Isolated cells have been maintained in cell culture for one week. Using light and scanning electron microscopy, upper and lower tubule cells of Rhodnius and primary and stellate cells of Aedes can be distinguished on the basis of size, shape, microvillar length, and the presence or absence of intracellular crystals. PMID- 6533147 TI - Destruction of immaturin activity in early mature mutants of Paramecium caudatum. AB - Cells of Paramecium in the sexually immature period of the clonal life cycle contain a protein called immaturin, which represses mating activity when injected into sexually mature cells. The amount of immaturin at various stages of the immaturity period was examined by injecting cytoplasm from immature cells of one wild-type and two early mature mutant clones into mature cells of wild-type. The proportion of immature cells brought about by the injection increased until about 10-15 fissions after conjugation of the donor cells in all three clones. But the percentage of immature cells induced by the injection decreased rapidly from the 25th to the 30th fission of both early mature donors, while the percentage was still high with a wild-type donor of the same fission age. When cytoplasm of the Emt A (early mature mutant) homozygote taken immediately before maturation (about 27 fissions) was injected into the wild-type immature cells of 45 fissions after conjugation, 13% of the recipient cells expressed mating reactivity. But when cytoplasm of Emt A cells 20 and 50 fissions after conjugation was injected into the same cells, no reactive cell appeared. The results suggest that cytoplasm of the early mature mutant immediately before maturation contains some material that accelerates maturation when injected into wild-type cells in the late stage of immaturity. On the other hand, the immature cytoplasm of wild-type cells about 25 fissions after conjugation showed no effect when injected into early mature cells immediately before maturation. The function of the early mature gene product was suggested to be the destruction of immaturin activity. PMID- 6533148 TI - Cell type specific electrophoretic polypeptide profiles of cultured bovine cells. AB - The polypeptide profiles of bovine vascular endothelial cells (from pulmonary artery and descending aorta), smooth muscle cells (from pulmonary artery) and fibroblast cells (from skin and lung) were examined by high-resolution two dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic techniques. A set of polypeptides (molecular weights between 43 X 10(3) and 47 X 10(3) and pI values from 6.0-4.8, respectively) exhibited patterns that were unique to the three cell types. In the case of smooth muscle cells, these polypeptides exhibited cell-density-dependent expression. These results allow for identification of the three cell types on the basis of their highly specific polypeptide signatures. PMID- 6533149 TI - Pollen-pistil interactions in interspecific crosses of Populus (sections Aigeiros and Leuce): pollen adhesion, hydration and callose responses. AB - Intersectional crosses between species of sections Aigeiros (Populus deltoides, P. X euramericana or P. nigra) and Leuce (P. alba or P. tremuloides) are known to be reciprocally incompatible. The site of pollen tube arrest is on the stigma surface in pollinations between pistils of section Leuce and pollen of section Aigeiros; tubes failed to penetrate the stigma surface. In reciprocal matings, pollen of section Leuce germinated and tubes penetrated the stigma and style, where arrest occurred. Rejection may be accompanied by swelling of the tube tips, and callose plug formation. In the cross between P. deltoides and P. alba a callose response was detected in the cell walls of the transmitting tissue, adjacent to the rejected pollen tubes. PMID- 6533150 TI - Centrioles in the mammary epithelium of the rat. AB - Through serial thin-section analysis of rat mammary epithelial cells, the number of centrioles per cell and their intracellular location were determined. In all developmental stages (e.g. virginal, pregnant, lactation, involution), each epithelial cell contained a single centriole that was located in the apical region. Centrioles were 200-220 (mean = 210) nm in transverse section, and exhibited the typical 9 X 3 'pinwheel' configuration of microtubules. In longitudinal section, centrioles were 330-380 (mean = 360) nm in length. Each centriole was surrounded by a homogeneous pericentriolar matrix. During mitosis in pregnant animals, centrioles were paired at the nuclear poles and oriented at right angles (90 degrees) to each other. At the completion of mitosis a single diplosome (pair of centrioles) was associated with each interphase nucleus. Because all postmitotic cells contained only a single centriole, it was assumed that one of the two diplosomal centrioles had disintegrated. There appeared to be a correlation between centriole location and cell polarity. When centrioles were located near the apical plasma membrane, epithelial cells exhibited polarity. However, when centrioles were associated with the nuclear poles during mitosis, epithelial cells were typically apolar. These observations suggest that centrioles may function as determinants in cell polarity. PMID- 6533151 TI - Structural and biochemical differentiation of the mammalian small intestine during foetal development. AB - Microscopical studies showed that initial differentiation of the guinea-pig small intestine occurs between days 35 and 55 of foetal development. Changes observed at this time include formation of villi (by day 42), elaboration of submucosal duodenal Brunner's glands (by day 49) and the appearance of a well-developed microvillus membrane (by day 56). Different microvillus membrane-associated hydrolases appear at different stages of foetal and postnatal development. The 'early' enzymes such as aminopeptidase, alkaline phosphatase and sucrase show a sharp increase and reach their maximal levels between days 35 and 50, whereas the late enzymes such as dipeptidyl peptidase IV and lactase increase gradually between days 35 and 50, and reach maximal activity between days 50 and 60. A combination of techniques involving precipitation with Mg2+ followed by fractionation on sucrose density gradients has enabled us to prepare, for the first time, a 21-fold enriched microvillus membrane fraction from the foetal intestine. Polypeptide analysis of this membrane fraction by sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed the presence of developmentally specific polypeptides at different stages of foetal and postnatal development. Three polypeptides of molecular weights 205 000, 80 000 and 47 000 are major microvillus membrane components at the 40-day foetal stage. Two other polypeptides of molecular weights 60 000 and 131 000 are major microvillar components at 56-day and older foetal stages as well as at the 3-day neonatal stage. The adult microvillus membrane contained 112 000 and 122 000 Mr polypeptides as major components. The above results were confirmed using two dimensional isoelectric focussing-sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic techniques. PMID- 6533153 TI - Ultrastructure of the fusion cell in Faucheocolax attenuata Setch. (Rhodophyta, Rhodymeniales). AB - The fusion cell in Faucheocolax attenuata Setch. is a highly lobed, thick-walled, multinucleate and irregularly shaped cell originating from the basal cell of the auxiliary cell branch. The formation of the fusion cell occurs by an incorporation of vegetative cells into the basal cell, after dissolution of septal plugs between these cell types. Thus the fusion cell is a syncytium containing only haploid nuclei, as well as unusual mitochondria and plastids. Mitochondria lack cristae and instead contain a tubular helical structure. Plastids are atypical with regard to thylakoid organization in red algae, because they lack the peripheral thylakoid and their photosynthetic thylakoids are aggregated to one side. In addition, they contain large osmiophilic bodies. Nuclear envelopes appear to produce large quantities of membrane cisternae. Floridean starch is absent and the cytoplasm contains few ribosomes. The plasma membrane is irregular and endoplasmic reticulum cisternae are situated parallel to it. Bundles of putative microfilaments were commonly found in nuclei and the cytoplasm. Structural evidence does not support any meristematic, nutritive or secretory functions previously ascribed to fusion cells in other genera. PMID- 6533152 TI - The subcellular concentration of ions and elements in thin cryosections of onion root meristem cells. An electron-probe EDS study. AB - Quantitative electron-probe energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis has, for the first time, been accomplished at a subcellular level in plant tissue using cryofixed and thin freeze-dried cryosections. The subcellular concentrations of Na+, Cl-, K+, P, S, Mg2+ and Ca2+ were measured in mol/kg dry weight in two types of root meristematic cells of the onion, Allium cepa. The cell wall of the meristematic cells had much higher concentrations of K+ and Ca2+ than was found in the intracellular compartments. Storage granules in the protoderm cells were about 6-12 times lower in P and were about four times higher in S as compared to other intracellular compartments. Comparison between the concentrations of ions and other elements in meristematic plant cells and in mouse cardiac myocytes confirms that major differences in cytoplasmic Na+ and Cl- concentrations do indeed exist between these cell types. PMID- 6533154 TI - Accumulation of smooth cisternae in the tapetal cells of Ulex europaeus L. (Papilionoideae). AB - In addition to the events occurring in the tapetal cells of most angiosperm species (cell wall lysis, endoplasmic reticulum development and sporopollenin deposition on the outer face of the cells) the tapetum of Ulex europaeus L. exhibits two characteristics. No orbicules, generally associated with the locular face of the secretory tapetum of angiosperms, are found, but some intracellular macro-orbicules are formed and then released in the anther loculus. The great diversity of reticular structures is emphasized by the presence of accumulations of smooth and flattened cisternae in the mature cells. Their similarity to those observed in the sieve elements of differentiating phloem suggests a possible functional interpretation in the light of the 'holocrine' behaviour of the tapetal cells. PMID- 6533155 TI - Nuclear pores and interphase chromatin: high-resolution image analysis and freeze etching. AB - Computer-enhanced analysis of electron micrographs of thin-sectioned rat liver nuclei, combined with three-dimensional reconstruction of the same Feulgen stained nuclei, points to a unique clustering of chromatin DNA fibres near the nuclear border. Computer-enhanced image analysis has been applied to electron micrographs of the envelopes of the same rat liver nuclei prepared by freeze etching and a few essential geometrical parameters characterizing the pores and their distribution have been determined. During interphase, clusters of nuclear pores, closely paralleling the clustering of membrane-attached chromatin fibres, have been identified on the envelope, the number of these being similar to the number of homologus pairs of metaphase chromosomes. Furthermore, rapid changes induced in chromatin distribution appear to be associated with rapid changes in pore number, but not in the number of pore clusters. PMID- 6533156 TI - A pathway of plasma membrane biogenesis bypassing the Golgi apparatus during cell division in the green alga Cylindrocapsa geminella. AB - Cell division in Cylindrocapsa geminella, in particular the mode of septum membrane biogenesis, has been studied with the transmission electron microscope. Septum formation takes place in a narrow layer of cytoplasm separating post mitotic nuclei. First, each daughter nucleus develops a wide cytoplasmic pocket (invagination) containing numerous strands of rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Next, a proliferation of rough ER is observed in the equatorial zone of cytoplasm, which invariably contains a small number of widely scattered microtubules. The equatorially aligned cisternae of rough ER produce smooth membraned vesicles, interpreted as smooth ER, which subsequently coalesce to form the membranous transverse septum. Thus, primary septum formation does not follow any of the two previously known basic cytokinetic patterns in green plants (i.e. plasma membrane furrowing and cell-plate formation), but instead represents a novel type of membrane flow, which effectively bypasses the Golgi apparatus. This pathway of membrane flow has remained largely ignored in current concepts of endomembrane structure and function in eukaryotes. However, it appears to be more widespread than has previously been recognized, especially in autospore-producing green algae and in red algae during the formation of tetraspores. It may represent an evolutionary intermediate type of cell division between the supposedly primitive method of plasma membrane furrowing and the more advanced cell-plate system. PMID- 6533157 TI - Crossbridge order and orientation in resting single glycerinated muscle fibres studied by linear dichroism of bound rhodamine labels. AB - Linear dichroism of iodoacetyl-rhodamine labels attached to the highly reactive thiol of the myosin heads was measured in order to infer the spatial orientation and the degree of order in myosin crossbridges in single glycerinated rabbit psoas fibres at rest. We have previously shown that in rigor the chromophoric labels are well ordered and that in the presence of MgADP and during isometric contraction a large fraction of probes is also ordered but at an attitude different from that of rigor. Here we show that in relaxed muscle the probe order is dependent on total ionic strength: at and above 0.180 M there is little evidence for any preferred probe orientation, implying a high degree of crossbridge disorder. Below 0.160 M there is progressively more order with decreasing ionic strength down to 0.100 M, below which no measurements could be taken at room temperature (because the fibres would not relax). The dichroism observed under these conditions resembles that of the rigor state in that the dichroism peaks at the same polarization of excitation light, implying that the average probe attitude relative to the fibre axis is larger than 54.7 degrees. Stretching the muscle beyond the point of overlap between actin- and myosin containing filaments does not affect the ionic strength dependence of the amount of order present in relaxed muscle, suggesting that the observed order is due to ionic interactions of crossbridges with the thick filament surface. PMID- 6533158 TI - Sequential phosphorylation of skeletal muscle troponin. AB - Phosphorylation of the isolated rabbit skeletal muscle holotroponin complex at troponin-T by phosphorylase kinase is unusual in that it shows maxima and minima. These oscillations are due to protein phosphatase activity present in the preparations. Following tryptic digestion two phosphorylated peptides, I and II, can be isolated. Their amino-acid compositions are identical and correspond to that of the tryptic peptide which contains the two known phosphorylatable sites 149/150 and 156/7 of troponin-T. Peptide I is phosphorylated on both sites and peptide II only on one site. During phosphorylation the doubly phosphorylated peptide I appears first; after a short lag phase peptide II is formed containing only one phosphate. These phenomena probably cause the observed oscillations in the degree of the holotroponin phosphorylation. PMID- 6533159 TI - The process of muscle relaxation by the combined action of MgAMPPNP and ethylene glycol. AB - Insect flight muscle fibres were relaxed by the combined action of MgAMPPNP and ethylene glycol, as measured by the stiffness of the fibres. Relaxation occurred over a small range of glycol concentration. Addition of Ca2+ raised the glycol required for relaxation. The speed at which the stiffness measurement was made did not influence the glycol concentration at which relaxation occurred. Glycol in excess of that needed to relax the muscle caused a slight rise in high frequency stiffness. Removal of the glycol restored the rigor stiffness. Under glycol-relaxed conditions, much of the AMPPNP bound in muscle fibres was retained during cold-chase (elution of [3H] AMPPNP by nonradioactive AMPPNP); the intensity ratio of the inner equatorial X-ray diffraction peaks rose upon glycol relaxation to a value slightly below that characteristic of natural relaxation. The results are interpreted in terms of cooperative attachment of the crossbridges to actin. PMID- 6533160 TI - Capillary endothelial cell migration: loss of stress fibres in response to retina derived growth factor. AB - While the migration of capillary endothelial cells is believed central to the process of new blood vessel development in vivo, the biochemical basis for endothelial motility is unknown. Herein, we demonstrate that retina-derived growth factor (RDGF), a mitogen for endothelial cells (EC), stimulates the migration of microvascular endothelium in vitro. The addition of RDGF directly to the culture medium causes an increase in the random movement (chemokinesis) of the EC as measured by the phagokinetic assay. Release of the factor as a gradient results in a stimulation of the directed migration (chemotaxis) of the microvascular EC. This increased EC migration is associated with a shift in morphology of the stimulated cells from a rounded to a more polarized shape. Concomitant with the RDGF-stimulated migration is a dramatic decrease in stress fibre staining visualized by immunofluorescence microscopy using affinity purified antibodies to actin and myosin. PMID- 6533161 TI - The origin of muscle stem cells in rat triceps surae regenerating after mincing. AB - Rat triceps surae was minced and orthotopically autografted. Twitch time to peak, maxima tetanic tension, lactate dehydrogenase activity and total creatine concentration were measured in muscles regenerating for 30, 60 and 90 days. If the minces were frozen and thawed before grafting, muscle regeneration was suppressed. If they were further heated before grafting, muscle regeneration was also suppressed. If one half of the mince was either frozen and thawed or frozen, thawed and heated, and then recombined with the remaining half, muscle regeneration was delayed. However, at 90 days, 'intensive properties' (twitch time to peak, maximum tetanic tension, total creatine concentration and lactate dehydrogenase activity) of regenerates obtained from such partially treated minces were similar to those of regenerates obtained from untreated minces although their 'extensive properties' (weight and maximal tetanic force) were approximately halved. The extent of regeneration depends on the mass of untreated mince autografted and thus, presumably, on the number of viable muscle stem cells initially present in the mince. PMID- 6533163 TI - [Disorders of horizontal gaze motility in the cerebral palsy patient]. AB - The authors studied voluntary and reflex horizontal eyes movements, median and lateral fixation, pursuit movements, binocular and monocular optokinetic nystagmus, and vestibulo-ocular reflex suppression by fixation in a group of 66 cases of cerebral palsy. Horizontal gaze is normal in only 26% of the cases. Pursuit movements and vestibulo-ocular reflex suppression by fixation are the most affected. These anomalies are more frequent in ex-premature babies. Only 2 of 32 ex-premature babies were normal. Whereas, 15 of 34 term babies had no anomaly of horizontal gaze. The frequency and intensity of the troubles seem to correlate with the extent and onset of the neurological lesions. PMID- 6533162 TI - [Local fibrinolytic treatment in occlusions of the central retinal artery]. AB - The effectiveness of thrombolytic agents used in local infusion has been demonstrated in the treatment of acute myocardial infarctions by several randomized trials. Thrombolytic therapy seems also to improve the prognosis of certain acute life-threatening brain stem strokes. Two cases of central retinal artery occlusion were treated with intracarotid urokinase injections. Visual acuity was improved in both cases in less than 24 hours, repermeation of the occluded vessels was observed 48 hours after the beginning of treatment. The limits of this kind of therapy are emphasized: there must be no contra-indication to the fibrinolytic agents, a delay shorter than 6 hours after the beginning of symptoms, a lack of arguments in favour of an embolism, and integrity of the carotid bifurcation. Surveillance in an intensive cares unit during the first days is required. PMID- 6533164 TI - [Fate of artificial lenses: a scanning electron microscopy study]. AB - Thirty one intraocular lenses removed from human eyes 2 months to 30 years after implantation were examined by scanning electron microscopy. Binkhorst 4 loop lenses (12) and 2 loop lenses (6), and Choyce lenses (6) were the most prevalent styles examined. Most of the lenses produced before 1978 were found to have manufacturing defects (mold disalignment, unfinished gate areas, etc.). More recent lenses showed an improvement in the quality of the surface. The lenticular, nonimpinging portion of the lenses made with polymethylmethacrylate did not demonstrate signs of degradation. However the holes in the edges of the lenses were rough and poorly finished with obvious irregularities. On the other hand, the lens foot of a Choyce lens revealed severe unusual abnormalities: the plastic surface changes may be consistent with degradation. Examination of explanted iris clip lenses showed degradation of the polypropylene loops in two cases: the loops were found to have fractured surfaces. PMID- 6533165 TI - [Dehiscence and disinsertion of the aponeurotic bundle of the upper eyelid levator in acquired ptosis]. AB - Aponeurotic defects and disinsertion of the levator aponeurosis are responsible for many cases of acquired ptosis. The typical clinical findings in aponeurotic defects are: history of prior orbital swelling, injury, ocular surgery, blepharochalasis; good to excellent levator function, thinning of the eyelid above the tarsus, high to absent lid crease, and normal Muller's muscle function. The purpose of the treatment is to repair a defect or advance the aponeurosis onto the tarsus. Levator aponeurosis surgery was used to treat 18 upper eyelids with acquired ptosis. Local anesthesia and surgery from an anterior approach were used in all cases. The advantages of this technique are: The lid height is determined by asking the patient to look in various fields of gaze. A blepharoplasty can be performed when necessary. The lid crease is formed. The exposition of the levator aponeurosis disinsertion is easier to recognize. PMID- 6533166 TI - [Conservative treatment of melanoma of the choroid. Is enucleation an unusual step?]. PMID- 6533167 TI - [Use of Healon in defective corneal epithelialization]. PMID- 6533168 TI - Controversy over the bisexual and homosexual identities: commentaries and reactions. PMID- 6533169 TI - Sexual orientation as destiny. AB - The article argues that social constructionists are referring to labels applied to sexual orientation while essentialists are discussing sexual orientation itself. Although a review of the literature shows that various labels are applied to sexual orientation, these labels do not markedly affect its reality. Sexual orientation, defined as erotic attraction rather than sexual behavior, is established at an early age and largely immutable in adulthood. PMID- 6533170 TI - Allies and persecutors: science and medicine in the homosexuality issue. AB - Using Magnus Hirschfeld (1868-1935) and his Zwischenstufentheorie (theory of intersexual stages) as an example, the problems raised for homosexuals by etiological research into homosexuality are scrutinized. Hirschfeld, one of the most influential sex researchers working in the first part of the century, fully intended his biological theory to support his campaign on behalf of homosexuals' rights. However, the Zwischenstufentheorie and modern variations of it, such as the ideas of the endocrinologist, Gunter Dorner, have been converted into strategies for preventing or curing homosexuality. From an historical point of view, it becomes clear that, in a society hostile to homosexuals, the results gained from research into the causes of homosexuality can be used against homosexuals and, in fact, have been. PMID- 6533171 TI - Nature/nurture: reflections on approaches to the study of homosexuality. AB - There is understandable apprehension by many people towards claims that biology plays a significant role in the etiology of homosexuality. These worries should not be allowed to deter any such work on sexual orientation. It is argued that the only proper way to evaluate biological analyses is against the full background of Darwinian evolutionary theory. Moral issues pertaining to biological research on homosexuality are addressed. Finally, it is urged that both biological and environmental factors be considered in rendering a true picture of homosexuality. PMID- 6533172 TI - The fallacy of misplaced precision. AB - This article agrees that the plethora of terms and concepts found in the literature on homosexuality is confusing. However, it may be entirely appropriate given the complex and multidimensional nature of the phenomenon under investigation. Numerous examples from the history of other sciences are used to show that conceptual consensus is very slow in coming. In some advanced fields, researchers have learned that reality is best described using cluster concepts and fuzzy sets. This paper introduces the notions of extensive and intensive meanings and gives examples of how the meanings that researchers adopt are dependent on the questions they are studying. PMID- 6533173 TI - Sexual orientation, behavioral plasticity, and evolution. AB - The argument of Futuyma and Risch (1983/1984), that the homosexual orientation is not a distinct, evolved, reifiable trait with a genetic basis, but an expression of universal sexual and emotional drives, has validity. Yet it does not answer the question of why the development of sexual orientation has evolved to be so flexible as to allow an individual to become homosexual. It is proposed that this flexibility may result from the evolution of the capacity to learn, the complexity of the central nervous system, and behavioral plasticity in general. This theory fits the known literature better than all other evolutionary explanations of homosexuality and has interesting implications for the evolution of altruistic behavior in humans. PMID- 6533175 TI - Weighing the shift from sexual identity to sexual relationships. AB - The shift in inquiry from sexual identity to a conceptualization of sexual relationship, as proposed by De Cecco and Shively (1983/1984), has advantages for research on sexuality, but psychological and political disadvantages for homosexuals, which are briefly summarized in this analysis. PMID- 6533174 TI - Reactions to issues concerning sexual orientations, identities, preferences, and choices. AB - Most etiological theories of homosexuality suffer from unomania, the preoccupation with single causes. Unomania, in MacDonald's terms, reflects a singularistic, as compared with a pluralistic cognitive set. It also reflects the rigid dichotomization of feminine roles for females and masculine roles for males. It is hoped that current research on bisexuality will be spared the unomania that has afflicted research on homosexuality. PMID- 6533176 TI - A comment on cultural attributes and fluidity of bisexuality. AB - Selected aspects of the "essentialist" critiques and reviews in Bisexual and Homosexual Identities: Critical Theoretical Issues (De Cecco & Shively, eds., 1983/1984) of the idea of the bisexual identity are examined from the standpoint of their cross-cultural significance. Examples from recent studies in Melanesia are used to highlight possible areas of exploration for future research in homosexuality and bisexuality. The idea of fluidity of sexual identity is examined, including the associated notion of sexual desire. PMID- 6533177 TI - Beyond the biological model: new directions in bisexual and homosexual research. AB - Past research on homosexuality has been based on two assumptions: one, that gender is the critical determinant of a sexual relationship, and two, that sexual orientation is an essential condition. This paper argues that investigation of sexual relationships on these bases tests only within, rather than between, paradigms of possible relationships. It assumes that choice of partners is based on a number of physical and psychological characteristics apart from their biological sex and that different meanings of sexuality and of the contexts of sexual encounters will determine which characteristics are chosen. It is also suggested that comparisons between groups of exclusive homosexuals and exclusive heterosexuals will not cast light on preferred partner characteristics. It is therefore necessary to look at the preferred partner characteristics of bisexuals in order to understand the bases and significance of homosexual or heterosexual partner choice. Finally, it is concluded that the meanings of homosexuality in different contexts may be so varied that the possibility of establishing a unified theory of the homosexual identity is precluded. PMID- 6533178 TI - In defense of a multidimensional approach to sexual identity. AB - The papers in Bisexual and Homosexual Identities assert that standard notions of sexual identity are inadequate. Their criticisms rest on unarticulated views about the nature of science, which constitute positions in the Verstehen controversies. It is argued that social constructionist conceptualizations of sexual identity, which these papers propose as an alternative to earlier ones, are unidimensional and thus inadequate. Despite its limitations, Shively and De Cecco's (1977) model for components of sexual identity, if augmented by ideas of (1) psychobiologically mediated arousal cue-responses and (2) self-concepts, provides a more comprehensive and potentially richer conceptualization of sexual identity than social constructionist theories. PMID- 6533179 TI - Breaking out of the dominant paradigm: a new look at sexual attraction. AB - Concepts of sexuality based on the physical sex of partners limit the way in which human sexuality is conceived and investigated. The shift in focus of inquiry from the sexual identity of individuals to the structure of their sexual relationships is an important step towards exploding concepts that, for the most part, have been severely restricted to male-female genital distinctions. This article argues that the genital organs are not the prime focus of sexual attraction. Careful studies may reveal that sexual arousal is based on criteria that transcend genital categories. To determine the basis of sexual attraction it is important to investigate an amalgam of characteristics--those related and unrelated to the partners' physical sex. There are indications that individuals with a greater mix of feminine and masculine characteristics (both mental and physical) are actually more arousing than those who fall closer to the stereotypes. The arts, it is suggested, have exploited this phenomenon. PMID- 6533180 TI - Biology, ideology, and the reification of developmental stages in the study of homosexual identities. AB - This paper examines the biological underpinnings of theories of homosexual identity formation by focusing on the developmental model of Minton and McDonald (1983/1984). Several problems stemming from the use of biologically derived models are identified: (a) stages, which are researchers' constructs rather than reflections of the subjects' perceptions, become reified; (b) moral assumptions embedded in biologically derived models become incorporated in sociopsychological theories of identity, without ever being acknowledged; and (c) the models tend to be constructed in a linear fashion, causing the researcher or theorist to ignore possible alternative paths. PMID- 6533181 TI - The "new gay" lesbians. AB - The three-stage progression toward homosexual identity that Minton and McDonald (1983/1984) delineate in Bisexual and Homosexual Identities (De Cecco & Shively, eds., 1983/1984) is generally not applicable to women who have come to lesbianism through the radical feminist movement of the past 15 years. Their progression toward a lesbian identity was in an order roughly the reverse of what Minton and McDonald describe: Through the movement they came to understand that society's norms can be critically evaluated and that heterosexuality was detrimental to women's freedom, often before they had homosexual genital experience. The "egocentric" stage for these women may have been no different from that of heterosexuals. They may have escaped the guilt and isolation associated with the "sociocentric" stage because they first viewed themselves as lesbian in the context of a supportive social group. There is also some evidence to suggest that many premovement lesbians made their decision to identify as homosexual on the basis of their political views about heterosexuality. Thus, they too may not have experienced Minton and McDonald's three-stage progression toward identity. PMID- 6533182 TI - Self, self-concept, identity, and homosexual identity: constructs in need of definition and differentiation. AB - This paper uses symbolic interactionist theory to develop a theoretical framework that relates, defines, and differentiates the terms self, self-concept, identity, and homosexual identity. It argues that it is useful to view self and identity as constructs consisting of analytically separate dimensions and components, and defines and specifies the dimensions and components contained within the constructs of self and identity. It then critically examines the way Cass (1983/1984) defines the terms self, self-concept, identity, and homosexual identity, and her idea of a "fully developed homosexual identity." It concludes by noting the implications an interactionist framework has for understanding the homosexual identity. PMID- 6533183 TI - Metoclopramide increases the release of catecholamines from isolated human phaeochromocytomas. AB - Metoclopramide increased the release of catecholamines from isolated human phaeochromocytomas but not from isolated rat adrenal glands employed as control tissue. This selective effect of metoclopramide may have resulted from the high endogenous levels of catecholamines found in the tumours. It is suggested that the administration of drugs which can potentially produce the release of catecholamines should be very carefully controlled in patients with phaeochromocytoma. PMID- 6533184 TI - Handling of a salt load by hypertensive and normotensive rats on normal and low intakes of sodium. AB - The handling of an intraperitoneal salt (NaCl) load (about 10% of body Na) was studied by means of a whole-body counting method using 22Na in four strains of rat: spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY), New Zealand genetically hypertensive rats (GH), and outbred normotensive rats (N). The rats had previously been equilibrated so that their body Na was of the same specific activity as the injected NaCl. The load was given first at 10 weeks of age, while the rats had a choice of water and 0.5% NaCl to drink, and again at 13 weeks when the rats had a choice of water and 0.04% NaCl. All the strains excreted the load more slowly when on the low Na intake. The SHR excreted the load most quickly and the WKY most slowly. There was no difference between the GH and N rats in this respect. The SHR differed from the other strains in having an increased appetite for salt and an increased total body sodium relative to body weight. PMID- 6533185 TI - Body elemental composition, with particular reference to total and exchangeable sodium and potassium and total chlorine, in untreated and treated primary hyperaldosteronism. AB - The whole body content of sodium, potassium, chlorine, calcium, phosphorus and nitrogen was measured by neutron activation analysis in 13 patients with untreated primary hyperaldosteronism (Conn's syndrome; aldosterone-secreting adenoma). Concurrently, exchangeable sodium and potassium were estimated by isotope dilution. Results were compared with values in the same patients during treatment with potassium-conserving diuretics and again after removal of the adenoma; and also with those in a series of 30 patients having untreated essential hypertension. Both total body and exchangeable sodium were high in Conn's syndrome before treatment and were reduced by spironolactone or amiloride and by subsequent surgery. There was no evidence of alteration in the proportion of non-exchangeable sodium in this disease, in contrast to earlier reports. Total body and exchangeable potassium were low in untreated Conn's syndrome and increased to normal after therapy: the proportion of non-exchangeable potassium was similar before and after treatment, and also similar to that in essential hypertension. Total body chlorine was increased before treatment in Conn's syndrome and returned to normal with therapy; body calcium, phosphorus and nitrogen were normal throughout. PMID- 6533187 TI - The rate of arterial blood pressure change as a factor in the hysteresis of the baroreceptor reflex. AB - We induced sinusoidal arterial blood pressure oscillations in anaesthetized dogs, and measured the resulting reflex changes in cardiac cycle length. The graphs of cardiac cycle length as a function of systolic arterial pressure displayed considerable hysteresis. The extent of the hysteresis and the direction around the loop varied with the frequency of the pressure oscillations. At relatively low frequencies (0.02 and 0.04 Hz) the loops were predominantly anticlockwise, whereas at higher frequencies (0.08 and 0.16 Hz) the loops were mainly clockwise in direction. In a second group of dogs we stimulated the transected vagus nerves with sequential ramp-like increases and decreases in voltage. The graph of the chronotropic response displayed a prominent anticlockwise hysteresis. Hence the anticlockwise hysteresis which was induced reflexly by cyclic oscillations of systemic arterial pressure is at least partly ascribable to an efferent vagal mechanism. PMID- 6533186 TI - Fall in blood pressure in response to volume expansion in pregnancy-associated hypertension (pre-eclampsia): why does it occur? AB - The infusion of 500 ml of a volume expanding solution caused a significant fall in blood pressure for up to 72 h in 35 women with pregnancy-associated hypertension of varying grades of severity. The response to the infusion was not obviously related to the clinical severity of the underlying disorder, nor to the extent of plasma volume expansion produced. The plasma volume of oedematous women increased, while there was no significant change in non-oedematous women in response to the infusion. Changes in other measurements were similar in oedematous and non-oedematous women. There was no evidence for prostacyclin release into the circulation in response to the infusion as a mediator of the blood pressure response. Both 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha levels and 13,14 dihydro-15-keto-prostaglandin F (PGFM) levels fell significantly, suggesting suppression of prostaglandin release by the infusion. The antihypertensive effect of volume expanders in pregnancy-associated hypertension is mediated by a factor other than simple volume expansion. PMID- 6533188 TI - The Li-Na exchange in red cells of essential hypertensive patients with low Na-K cotransport. AB - Impairments of sodium-potassium (Na-K) cotransport and lithium-sodium (Li-Na) countertransport have been reported in essential hypertension. The Vmax of Li-Na countertransport was measured in Li-loaded cells (9 mmol/l cells) by determining the external Na-stimulated Li efflux. Countertransport was measured in 29 normotensive subjects without a family history of hypertension (NT -FHH), 22 normotensive subjects with a family history of hypertension (NT +FHH) and 45 essential hypertensive patients (HT) [mean +/- s.d.: 348 +/- 138 (NT -FHH), 397 +/- 133 (NT +FHH) and 456 +/- 166 (HT)]. There was no significant elevation of Li Na countertransport in the hypertensive group with respect to NT -FHH. The outward Na-K cotransport was measured in Na-loaded cells (Na greater than 25 mmol/l cells) by determining the frusemide-sensitive Na efflux. Na-K cotransport was found to be significantly decreased in the hypertensive patients compared to the normotensive controls [mean +/- s.d.:280 +/- 136 (HT) and 424 +/- 128 (NT FHH)]. The present collaborative study between the two laboratories revealed that the fraction of patients with an alteration in the Vmax of cotransport or countertransport was different in the two laboratories and could not be accounted for by any methodological or experimental procedure. This study shows that different patterns of transport impairments might occur in different populations, thus suggesting a heterogeneity of cation transport alterations in hypertensives. PMID- 6533189 TI - [Estimation of the infarct size by two-dimensional echocardiography in cases with acute myocardial infarction]. AB - We evaluated clinically the infarct size in addition to left ventricular end diastolic and end-systolic volumes (EDV, ESV) and ejection fraction (EF) using two-dimensional echocardiography (2-D) and algorithms based on the modified Simpson's rule. EDV, ESV and EF obtained by 2-D and three algorithms were compared with those obtained by left ventriculography in 23 patients with various heart diseases. Correlation coefficients obtained by our and other two algorithms were 0.88, 0.88 and 0.90, respectively, for EDV and ESV (p less than 0.01), and 0.71, 0.60 and 0.84 for EF (p less than 0.01). Myocardial mass of the region showing asynergy (asynergic size) was calculated by the above-mentioned three methods and compared with peak serum CK values in 14 patients with acute myocardial infarction. The correlation coefficient between both values was 0.76 (p less than 0.01) by our algorithm and it was higher than by other two algorithms (0.37 and 0.70). The time course of changes in asynergic size in acute myocardial infarction was studied by the use of 2-D and our algorithm. Asynergic size was significantly larger on the day of the onset (24.9 +/- 2.9 ml, mean +/- SE) than the third (21.5 +/- 2.7 ml) and seventh day (20.7 +/- 3.0 ml) after the onset (p less than 0.01). These results suggest that one can make a quantitative and serial estimation of infarct size as well as left ventricular volume by 2-D and our modified model, and that our algorithm is suitable for the purpose. PMID- 6533190 TI - [Evaluation of regional wall motion in myocardial infarction using animation ECG gated cardiac computed tomography]. AB - Regional wall motion of the left ventricle was evaluated in 21 patients with myocardial infarction using an animation system of gated cardiac computed tomographic (CT) images (animation gated CCT). The results obtained were compared with data by two-dimensional echocardiography (2-DE). Evaluation of the asynergic area by animation gated CCT and 2-DE: Animation gated CCT detected the following specific regions with asynergy established by 2-DE; 10/10 cases (100%) at the anterior wall of the left ventricle, 14/14 cases (100%) at the interventricular septum, and 9/11 cases (81.8%) at the infero-posterior wall. In addition, one false positive case and one negative case were observed at the lateral wall and the apex, respectively. Of 37 instances with asynergic areas established by 2-DE, 21 cases or 89.2% were detected by animation gated CCT; the sensitivity was 91.9%. Evaluation of severity of asynergy by animation gated CCT and 2-DE: The degree of asynergy evaluated by both methods was compared with each other, and the agreement was as follows: 10/10 cases (100%) at the left-ventricular anterior wall, 13/13 cases (100%) at the interventricular septum, and 7/9 cases (77.8%) at the infero-posterior wall. Evaluation of the asynergic area by nonanimation gated CCT and 2-DE: Nonanimation gated CCT detected asynergic areas ascertained by 2-DE at the following areas; 8/10 cases (80%) at the left-ventricular anterior wall, 12/14 cases (85.7%) at the interventricular septum, and 4/11 cases (36.4%) at the infero-posterior wall. The difference between animation and nonanimation gated CCT was statistically significant (p less than 0.05). The severity of asynergy could not be evaluated by nonanimation gated CCT. For the evaluation of severity as well as detection of asynergy of the left ventricle, animation gated CCT was more useful than non-animation gated CCT. False negative cases observed at the infero-posterior wall and apex were decreased by alteration of a gantry, improvement of software and hardware, and additionally by an injection of contrast medium. Animation gated CCT is considered to become a useful clinical method in evaluating myocardial infarction and other cardiovascular disease in future. However, we will need the further improvements, such as reduction of administration dosage of contrast media, shortening of film shooting and irradiation times. PMID- 6533191 TI - [Pulsed Doppler echocardiographic evaluation of so-called "moyamoya" echoes in left ventricular aneurysms]. AB - So-called "moyamoya" echoes identified by two-dimensional echocardiography (2 DE) in two cases with ventricular aneurysm were studied by pulsed Doppler echocardiography. The results were as follows: The flow velocity patterns in the left ventricle obtained by pulsed Doppler method were consistent with those observed by the real time 2DE method; the moyamoya echoes moved in a slow, circular fashion, and only a flow with slow velocity toward the transducer was recorded in the posterior area, whereas only a flow with slow velocity away from the transducer was recorded along the interventricular septum during cardiac cycle. The ejection flow velocity at the left ventricular outflow tract was markedly diminished. The flow velocity of the moyamoya echoes was extremely decreased and ranged between 50 and 135 mm/sec. The velocity measurements by M mode and pulsed Doppler echocardiography gave almost the same values. Thus, the results of the present report suggest that the moyamoya echoes behave like moving blood cells, and that the source of these echoes is the sludging in the stasis of blood. PMID- 6533193 TI - [Effects of heart rate on body surface potential distribution in patients with atrial pacemaker]. AB - Nine patients of sick sinus syndrome with atrial programmable pacemaker (3 males and 6 females, aged from 53 to 72 years) were studied to assess the effect of heart rate on the body surface potential distribution. Body surface maps (87 lead points) and M-mode echocardiograms were recorded at 20-beat increments of heart rate from 60 to 140 beats/min during atrial pacing. The potential changes of R and S voltages were evaluated quantitatively and were correlated with the changes of echocardiographically measured left ventricular dimension. As the heart rate increased, left ventricular dimension in end-diastole (LVDd) decreased gradually (Table 1), and a significant decrease was observed when the heart rate increased from 80 to 100 beats/min and from 100 to 120 beats/min, respectively, (p less than 0.05). With a decrease in LVDd, the distance between the left ventricular posterior wall and the anterior chest wall decreased and the left ventricular wall increased in its thickness. These changes, however, were not statistically significant. With an increase in the heart rate, R voltages decreased gradually in the left lateral chest and the sum of R voltages (sigma R) of six lead points in the left lateral chest including leads V5-6 decreased significantly when the heart rate increased from 60 to 100 beats/min and from 80 to 120 beats/min, respectively (p less than 0.02) (Table 2). On the other hand, R voltages remained unchanged in the left anterior chest during atrial pacing, then the sum of R voltages of six lead points in the left anterior chest including leads V2-4 and the sum of R voltages of 87 lead points did not show any significant changes (Table 2). An increase in the absolute value of S voltages was observed in the left anterior chest and the sum of S voltages of six lead points in the left anterior chest including leads V2-4 increased when the heart rate increased from 60 to 100 beats/min and from 80 to 120 beats/min, respectively (p less than 0.1) (Table 3) A decrease of R voltages in the left lateral chest was consistent with the reduction in LVDd (p less than 0.005). It is concluded that the changes in body surface QRS amplitudes during atrial pacing are related to those in the left ventricular dimension and that R voltages in the left lateral chest are fairly sensitive to see the changes in LVDd in cases with no abnormal wall motion of the left ventricle.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6533192 TI - [Two-dimensional echocardiographic evaluation of left atrial shape and size]. AB - We investigated the influence of the miscellaneous structures surrounding the left atrium on left atrial shape and examined the feasibility and problems in evaluating its size using the anteroposterior dimension of the M-mode echocardiogram. Using two-dimensional echocardiography, left atrial anteroposterior short-axis dimension (S), long-axis dimension (L), transverse axis dimension (T) which cross perpendicularly one another, and area in the long axis section (AREA) were measured in 84 subjects. The left atrial size was defined as AREA X T. The population of this study consisted of 24 subjects without heart disease, 24 with mitral valve disease and 34 with miscellaneous heart diseases other than mitral valve disease. Some of them were associated with the thin chest, chest deformity by thoracoplasty or the markedly dilatated right atrium. In subjects with the thin chest the left atrium was compressed in the anterior and posterior directions, in patients who underwent thoracoplasty it was elongated in the cranial and caudal directions, and in those with the markedly dilatated right atrium it was compressed in the right and left directions. It can be speculated that surrounding structures have some direct effects on left atrial dynamics. As left atrial size increased, these three dimensions (S, L and T) increased disproportionally. Because the contribution of each dimension to the left atrial volume change is proportional to the ratio of dimensional change and S has the largest ratio, S contributed to left atrial volume change more than the others. That is the reason that left atrial volume was not proportional to S or S3. The relationship between S and AREA during one cardiac systole was almost linear in individual studies. The slope in the S-AREA relation, however, was greater in the cases with a larger value of S. Therefore, when the extent of the change in S is used as an index of atrial volume change, it should be normalized by S. Because the left atrium expanded in any directions, either S or other dimensions reflected its size. In cases with the distorted left atrium, however, evaluation of left atrial size by the use of a single dimension alone was inadequate.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6533194 TI - [A study on prolapse of the mitral valve in autopsy-proved papillary muscle dysfunction]. AB - Echocardiographic studies have recently documented high incidence of mitral valve prolapse in cases with papillary muscle dysfunction (PMD). However, any pathologic evidence has not been yet described. To evaluate the incidence and the degree of morphologic prolapse of the mitral valve, we examined 76 cases of mitral regurgitation which were pathologically proved to have PMD among 3,000 consecutive autopsy cases over 60 years of age. The morphologic evidence of "mitral valve prolapse" was defined as overshooting of the mitral leaflet into the left atrium beyond the degree of normal hooding. Papillary muscle dysfunction was classified into three types; Type A due to old myocardial infarction, Type B due to acute myocardial infarction, and Type C induced by other factors such as cardiomyopathies. The following results were obtained: Morphologic "mitral valve prolapse" was found in 19 among the 76 cases (25%) of PMD, but marked "prolapse" was found in only one case. The incidence of morphologic "prolapse" did not show any difference among the types of PMD (cf. Fig. 1). The site of "prolapse" was mainly in the region of posteromedial commissure of the mitral valve. Echocardiographic study of 39 cases with PMD showed mitral valve prolapse in only two cases who belonged to the eight cases having morphologic "mitral valve prolapse". This study suggests that prolapse formation of the mitral valve secondary to PMD can be differentiated morphologically from those following primary myxomatous degeneration of the mitral leaflets as observed in cases with MVP. PMID- 6533195 TI - [Mitral valve lesions in patients with right ventricular pressure overload: analysis using realtime, two-dimensional echocardiography]. AB - Mitral valve lesions in patients with right ventricular pressure overload, such as pulmonary stenosis, tetralogy of Fallot, and pulmonary hypertension, were studied by real-time, two-dimensional echocardiography, and the following results were obtained. The abnormality observed in the mitral valve was a systolic dislocation of the anterior and posterior mitral leaflets at the coaptation zone. Mitral valve lesions were noted in 16 of 46 cases, i.e. nine of 11 with pulmonary hypertension (82%), four of 20 with tetralogy of Fallot (20%), and three of 15 with pulmonary stenosis (20%). The incidence was highest in patients with pulmonary hypertension. In eight of 16 cases with mitral valve lesions, mitral regurgitation was observed by either left ventriculography or two-dimensional Doppler echocardiography. Mitral valve lesions were always located at the posteromedial commissure of the anterior mitral leaflet. Considering the previous similar reports in secundum atrial septal defect, we attributed the cause of the mitral valve lesions to the same mechanism. No clear relation could be found between the left ventricular deformity index and the incidence of mitral valve lesion. Therefore, we could not conclude about the mode of production of mitral valve lesions occurring in the diseases with right ventricular pressure overload. PMID- 6533196 TI - [Grading of tricuspid regurgitation by pulsed Doppler echocardiography and liver function tests]. AB - Recently, pulsed Doppler echocardiography has been used for the quantitative evaluation of tricuspid regurgitation (TR). However, there are some problems about the clinical significance of TR diagnosed by Doppler examination probably because of the excellent sensitivity in detecting TR. In the present study, we used liver function tests as an indicator of the visceral damage caused by TR and compared them to the severity of TR estimated by Doppler examination. Forty Doppler examinations were performed in 33 cardiac patients including seven, in which the examinations were repeated because the severity of TR changed during the clinical course. The severity of TR was classified into four grades according to the maximal extent of the regurgitant signal. Abnormal liver function was defined by the abnormalities of at least one of the following six tests: cholinesterase (CHE), gamma-GTP, leucine aminopeptidase (LAP), total bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase and GPT. Abnormal liver function tests were present in one of eight patients without TR, two of 10 with 1 + TR, four of seven with 2 + TR, seven of eight with 3 + TR, and six of seven with 4 + TR. The incidence of abnormal liver function tests increased parallel to the grade of TR and was very frequent in patients with 3 + or 4 + TR. TR diagnosed as greater than 3 + by Doppler examination is considered to have an important clinical significance and an indication of the intensive therapy. PMID- 6533197 TI - [Hemodynamic determinants of late systolic reversed flow in the main pulmonary artery in pulmonary hypertension: a pulsed Doppler echocardiographic study]. AB - Pulsed Doppler echocardiograms of the main pulmonary artery were evaluated in 46 cases including 23 cases with valvular heart disease, 13 with an intracardiac shunt, two with severe right ventricular failure and low cardiac output state, and eight healthy normals. In each Doppler echocardiogram the sample volume was placed at well defined nine locations within the main pulmonary artery. Among 23 cases with valvular heart disease, 10 cases with pulmonary hypertension showed a late systolic reversed flow ("rebound" pattern : type B) in all nine sample volumes examined. This pattern was neither detected in any cases with normal pulmonary arterial pressure, cases with an intracardiac shunt, cases with low cardiac output state, nor healthy normals. A comparative study of 10 cases with "rebound" pattern (type B) and 13 cases without it disclosed that the former had a significantly increased pulmonary arterial pressure (30.9 + 15.1 mmHg vs 17.8 +/- 9.0 mmHg, p less than 0.001), an increased total pulmonary resistance (789 +/ 496 dynes X cm X sec-5 vs 285 +/- 170 dynes X cm X sec-5, p less than 0.001) and a decreased pulmonary arterial compliance expressed as stroke volume divided by pulmonary arterial pulse pressure (1.75 +/- 0.94 ml/mmHg vs 3.80 +/- 1.65 ml/mmHg, p less than 0.01). Mean acceleration of the pulmonary ejection expressed as peak flow velocity divided by acceleration period was also significantly larger in cases with "rebound" pattern (type B) than in cases with "normal" pattern (938 + 255 cm X sec2 vs 675 +/- 160 cm X sec2, p less than 0.01). In conclusion, "rebound" pattern (type B) in pulmonary hypertension is not simple swirl formation, but a totally reversed late systolic flow in the main pulmonary artery, which is caused by sudden interruption of the distal run-off due to markedly elevated total pulmonary resistance under normal right ventricular ejection. PMID- 6533198 TI - [Phonocardiographic findings of atypical patent ductus arteriosus with pulmonary hypertension]. AB - Among 71 patients with proved patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) as a sole anomaly, 13 were diagnosed as having "atypical PDA" because of a lack of a continuous murmur. Of these, 10 had find-pulmonary hypertension and were the materials of the present study, in which the phonocardiographic findings were correlated with the findings by other techniques including pulsed Doppler echocardiography. Six cases with equal pulmonary arterial and aortic pressures showed a diastolic murmur alone. The murmur started with the pulmonic component of the second heart sound and continued throughout diastole. All cases showed inspiratory augmentation or presystolic accentuation of the diastolic murmur. Pulsed Doppler echocardiograms disclosed that the murmur was produced by pulmonary regurgitation in five of six cases and by a left-to-right shunt via the ductus plus pulmonary regurgitation in one case. A to-and-fro murmur was observed in three cases. Pulmonary artery pressure was significantly lower than that of the systemic artery in two of three cases. These hemodynamic findings and pulsed Doppler echocardiograms indicated that the murmur of the two cases was produced by both a left-to-right shunt through the ductus and pulmonary regurgitation. A systolic murmur only was seen in one case and the cause of this murmur was not clear. In four of five cases with grade IV and V murmur, division or plugging of the ductus was performed with uneventful clinical course in three and sudden death in one. On the other hand, four of five cases with grade II and III murmur showed Eisenmenger reaction and the surgery was not attempted. The second heart sound showed normal splitting in eight cases, abnormally wide splitting in one case and was single in one case. PMID- 6533199 TI - [A study on the ruptured Valsalva sinus aneurysm using two-dimensional echocardiography]. AB - We visualized the Valsalva sinus aneurysm ruptured into the right ventricle using two-dimensional echocardiography, and analyzed the blood flow by pulsed Doppler technic. Cross-sectional echocardiography was performed on 11 patients with right sinus aneurysm protruding into the right ventricle. The age of the examined subjects ranged from 17 to 40 years. Ten of the 11 revealed a ruptured aneurysm of the right sinus of Valsalva into the right ventricle. Nine of the 11 had ventricular septal defect and five were associated with aortic regurgitation. Pulmonic regurgitation was recognized in one case. The diagnosis was made by cardiac catheterization and angio-cardiography in all cases and was confirmed by cardiac surgery in nine patients. In this study, we employed an electronic (SSH 11A) or mechanical sector scanning system (SSL-51H) for cross-sectional echocardiography. In order to clearly visualize an aneurysm, the cross-section of the left ventricular long-axis was obtained from a slightly lower and more sagittal position than the standard method. In addition, the short axis cross section of the aortic root was also examined. Furthermore, a pulsed Doppler technic was applied to three patients using a Doppler unit SDS-10A combined with SSH-11A. In all patients, an aneurysm of the right sinus of Valsalva was seen to protrude into the right ventricle by two-dimensional echocardiography. Furthermore, the ruptured orifice of the aneurysm was clearly visualized in ten cases. The shape of the aneurysm was tubular in ten cases and saccular in the remaining one. A continuous blood flow of wide band pattern was recorded in the right ventricle near the ruptured orifice in two of the examined three cases and a disturbed diastolic flow was noted in a saccular aneurysm. In conclusion, two dimensional echocardiography is useful to visualize an aneurysm of the right sinus of Valsalva ruptured into the right ventricle and a pulsed Doppler technic is greatly contributed in detecting localized disturbed flow due to the ruptured aneurysm. PMID- 6533200 TI - [Echocardiographic study of right ventricular performance by acute and chronic pressure overloadings]. AB - Echocardiographic analysis of right ventricular ejection time (RVET), pre ejection time (RVPEP), RVPEP/ET and isovolumic relaxation time (RVIRT) was performed in patients with acute or chronic right ventricular pressure overloading. Fifty-five patients undergoing right ventricular cardiac catheterization, were categorized into seven groups; 11 patients with atrial septal defect (ASD) without pulmonary hypertension (PH) (group 1), 12 with ASD with PH (group 2), six with mitral stenosis (MS) without PH (group 3), nine with MS with PH (group 4), seven with primary pulmonary hypertension (PPH) (group 5), seven with acute pulmonary embolism (PE) (group 6), and three patients with convalescence of PE (group 7). Corrected RVIRT (RVIRTc) and RVET (RVETc) were calculated by regression analysis correlating with heart rate in normal subjects. RVIRTc, RVETc, RVPEP and RVPEP/ET in seven groups were significantly correlated with systolic pulmonary artery pressure (SPAP) (r = 0.62, p less than 0.001; r = 0.41, p less than 0.01; r = 0.61, p less than 0.001; r = 0.65, p less than 0.001, respectively), but RVDd did not correlate with SPAP (r = 0.370, p less than 0.05). Comparing acute right ventricular pressure overloading group (group 6) with each of chronic right ventricular pressure overloading groups (groups 2, 4, 5, and 7), RVIRTc and RVDd were significantly increased in the former than the latter, but RVETc, RVPEP and RVPEP/ET were not significantly different in both groups. There was a significant correlation between RVIRTc and RVPEP/ET in chronic pressure overloading, but not in acute pressure overloading. We concluded that early diastolic RV relaxation and systolic performance were both impaired by increased afterload in chronic pressure overloading. In acute pressure overloading, however, early diastolic RV relaxation was more significantly impaired possibly because of acute changes of muscle architectures due to acute right ventricular expansion and anoxia. PMID- 6533201 TI - [Atrial septal defect associated with an abnormal chamber of the right ventricle: report of a case]. AB - A case of atrial septal defect associated with an abnormal chamber behind the right ventricle, which was heretofore undescribed, was reported. A 41-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital for the evaluation of a heart murmur. A Levine 3/6 ejection systolic murmur and a fixed splitting of the second heart sound were audible. Two-dimensional echocardiography disclosed an atrial septal defect and an abnormal chamber behind the right ventricle. This accessory chamber communicating with the right atrium was separated from the right ventricle by a membranous structure. The motion of this membrane showed a wide excursion just like that of the atrio-ventricular valve. On the M-mode echocardiogram, the anterior tricuspid leaflet and this membrane were recorded simultaneously without intervening septal echoes and this finding was very similar to that obtained in the single ventricle. Cardiac catheterization revealed that the pressure pattern in the abnormal chamber was that of the right atrium but its intracardiac electrocardiogram showed a right ventricular pattern. The complex morphological aspect of this case was confirmed by angiography and surgery. The developmental process of this very unusual anomaly is not clear, but it may be a kind of congenital anomaly related to Ebstein's anomaly. PMID- 6533202 TI - [Clinical application of pulsed Doppler echocardiography]. PMID- 6533203 TI - [Pulsed Doppler echocardiography: principle and application]. PMID- 6533204 TI - [Leakage and handling of radioiodine on radioiodination]. PMID- 6533205 TI - [The diagnostic significance of pancreatic secretory trypsin inhibitor (PSTI) in patients with gynecologic tumors]. PMID- 6533206 TI - [Thymidine kinase isozyme in DMH-induced colon tumor in rats]. PMID- 6533207 TI - [Immunohistological evaluation of the cancer associate antigen (TA-4) for pathoclinical management of the cervical malignancy]. PMID- 6533209 TI - [Effect of bestatin on primary tumor and prognosis in patient with esophageal carcinoma]. PMID- 6533208 TI - [The immunotherapeutic effect of partially purified tumor specific transplantation antigen against pulmonary metastasis]. PMID- 6533210 TI - [Long-term prognosis of acute myocardial infarction. Evaluation of the effects of systematic rehabilitation in hospitalization--comparison of the prognosis between the matched control patients and the rehabilitated patients]. PMID- 6533211 TI - [Studies on the effect of estrogen on the antibody response by peripheral mononuclear cells in various liver diseases]. PMID- 6533212 TI - [Studies on evaluation of recanalization due to coronary thrombolysis in acute myocardial infarction]. PMID- 6533213 TI - [A case of apolipoprotein E3 deficiency (E2/2 phenotype) associated with renovascular hypertension and atherosclerosis obliterans]. PMID- 6533214 TI - [Behcet's disease associated with IgA nephropathy: report of a case]. PMID- 6533215 TI - [Eosinophilic fasciitis: case reports and review]. PMID- 6533216 TI - [A case of bronchogenic adenocarcinoma successfully treated with human leukocyte interferon]. PMID- 6533217 TI - [A case of sarcoid myopathy]. PMID- 6533218 TI - [A case of restrictive cardiomyopathy associated with abnormal Q wave and bradycardia-tachycardia syndrome, successfully treated by AV sequential pacing]. PMID- 6533219 TI - Persistence in periodic and almost periodic Lotka-Volterra systems. AB - It is shown that a strongly self-regulating (or resource limited) Lotka-Volterra population system can "persist" in a periodic or almost periodic environment if and only if the system tracks the environmental variations. PMID- 6533220 TI - The identification of the periodic behaviour in an epidemic model. AB - In this paper we study a method for the identification of the unknown parameter of the periodic function and also the first component of the state vector, in a mathematical model which describes the evolution of some diseases with an oro fecal transmission. To solve the identification problem we use a numerical method to integrate the differential equations system, which reproduces the stability properties of the above mentioned continuous system. The numerical methods which we propose can be applied also to a spatial semi discretization of the reaction diffusion model which is a diffusive generalization of the system that we consider in this paper. Finally, through an analysis on both the continuous and the discrete system we also obtain a necessary condition on the experimental data in order that a periodic trajectory of the system exists. PMID- 6533221 TI - Global bifurcations of a periodically forced nonlinear oscillator. AB - The effects of periodic pulsatile stimulation on a simple mathematical model of biological oscillations, called the radial isochron clock (RIC), are investigated as a function of stimulus frequency and amplitude. This system can be reduced to a two parameter, one-dimensional circle map. Numerical and topological methods are used to give a very detailed picture of the observed bifurcations over the complete range of parameters. The bifurcations are generic for a class of models which generalize the RIC. PMID- 6533222 TI - The role of convection in the standard fluid-mechanical model for morphogenesis. AB - The effect of convection on reaction-diffusion instabilities in a visco-elastic medium is studied by using the standard continuum theory of a fluid mixture. The medium is assumed to be in local mechanical equilibrium, and convection is generated by pressure forces which arise if the equilibrium density of the medium changes with its composition. A linear stability analysis shows that reaction diffusion instabilities proceeding from homogeneous steady states at rest are unmodified by induced convection to first order in concentration changes. We suggest that a non-linear analysis would show convection produces no new instabilities, as a linear analysis of inhomogeneous non-convecting stationary states shows that reaction-diffusion growth rates are reduced by convection at long wavelengths and are otherwise unchanged. For applications in embryology, numerical estimates suggest that convection can be ignored in reaction-diffusion mechanisms for pattern formation, and this conclusion is supported by a dimensional analysis. PMID- 6533223 TI - The significance of specific distributions and functions in models of quantitative inheritance. AB - The main purpose of this paper is to attract attention to the fact that a mathematical model of quantitative inheritance can lead to qualitatively different results, if distributions and functions which in the model represent biological processes are assumed to take analytically different (even though qualitatively similar) forms. A simple model of the effect of environmental variation on the post-selection genotypic variance in a population under phenotypic stabilizing selection is considered. It is demonstrated that this model leads to qualitatively different conclusions depending on whether the phenotypic fitness function is assumed in a Gaussian or in a quadratic form. PMID- 6533224 TI - The effects of interference competition on stability, structure and invasion of a multi-species system. AB - An interference competition model for a many species system is presented, based on Lotka-Volterra equations in which some restrictions are imposed on the parameters. The competition coefficients of the Lotka-Volterra equations are assumed to be expressed as products of two factors: the intrinsic interference to other individuals and the defensive ability against such interference. All the equilibrium points of the model are obtained explicitly in terms of its parameters, and these equilibria are classified according to the concept of sector stability. Thus survival or extinction of species at a stable equilibrium point can be determined analytically. The result of the analysis is extended to the successional processes of a community. A criterion for invasion of a new species is obtained and it is also shown that there are some characteristic quantities which show directional changes as succession proceeds. PMID- 6533225 TI - High resolution CT air cisternography in the diagnosis of small and intracanalicular acoustic tumor. PMID- 6533226 TI - Computer-assisted diuresis renography: a non-invasive method to assess the dilated upper urinary tract. PMID- 6533227 TI - Tamoxifen in the treatment of stage II breast cancer. Clinical experience at Siriraj Hospital. PMID- 6533228 TI - Factors associated with mental retardation in children aged 21/2-7 years. PMID- 6533229 TI - Chronic osteomyelitis of the zygomatico-maxillary complex. PMID- 6533230 TI - Sarcoidosis presenting with pseudotumor cerebri and the nephrotic syndrome. PMID- 6533231 TI - Induction of megamitochondria in rat hepatocytes by l-octadecanol. PMID- 6533232 TI - The influence of dimethyl sulfoxide on cell growth and ultrastructural features of cultured smooth muscle cells. PMID- 6533233 TI - Usefulness of a scanning laser stimulated luminescence (SLSL) system for electron microscopy--a new image recording system. PMID- 6533234 TI - Use of surface tension to enable observation of submembranous structures by scanning electron microscopy. PMID- 6533235 TI - Programmes for development. Genes, chromosomes and computer models in development biology. PMID- 6533236 TI - Genes, chromosomes and computer models in developmental biology: An introduction to programmes for development. PMID- 6533237 TI - Switch genes and sex determination in the nematode C. elegans. AB - The development of the nematode C. elegans is highly invariant, and has been described in great detail. Many developmental mutations have been isolated and analysed; some of these identify switch genes, i.e. genes that control the choice between two developmental alternatives. It appears that the genetic controls of development in this animal are discrete, hierarchical and relatively simple. The control of sexual dimorphism provides an example of how a series of switch genes are organized in a regulatory cascade. PMID- 6533238 TI - Photoregulation of the biosynthesis of ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase. AB - Chloroplast development in higher plants is light dependent, and is accompanied by the synthesis of chlorophyll and the accumulation of many chloroplast polypeptides. There is a 100-fold greater content of the photosynthetic enzyme, ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase-oxygenase, in light-grown seedlings of Pisum sativum than in dark-grown seedlings. Following the illumination of dark grown seedlings, there is a parallel increase in the content of both the mRNA and the polypeptide of the small subunit of the carboxylase; this subunit is a product of the nuclear genome. The increases in the mRNA and the polypeptide of the large subunit, which is a product of the chloroplast genome, show less synchronicity. Studies with isolated leaf nuclei show that the increase in small subunit mRNA is mediated primarily at the level of transcription. Three distinct effects of light on transcription of small subunit genes have been found; a rapid (approximately 1 h) burst, followed by a decline, when etiolated plants are first exposed to light; a slow (approximately 36 h) development of the competence to transcribe rapidly after the initial burst; rapid (approximately 20 min) switches in both directions when fully greened plants are exposed to light-dark transitions. PMID- 6533240 TI - Computer modelling of cell division during development using a topological approach. AB - Development in multicellular animals consists of a constant progression of cell division, differentiation and morphogenesis. Our understanding of the relationship between division and the acquisition of shape and form is not well understood, and this paper describes a computer representation of cell division processes with possible applications to the modelling of developmental events. This representation is not itself a model in the true sense, but is a scaffolding onto which a set of model assumptions and parameters can be built. We discuss one such set of assumptions, used to model cell sorting, describe the extension of the framework to represent sheets of cells in three dimensions, and make some observations on the incorporation of mechanical forces into the representation. PMID- 6533239 TI - Polarity, calcium and abscission: molecular bases for developmental plasticity in plants. AB - This article considers novel aspects to plant development. It starts by outlining the concept of plastic development. It then discusses polarity in plants arguing for the vascular tissue and surrounding cells as a major internal polar axis. The requirement for a change in polarity in this system when regeneration occurs is discussed and molecular mechanisms for specification and changing of polarity are outlined. The process of abscission is then discussed as an example of plastic development and it is concluded that many factors control abscission. Molecular changes in abscission zone cellulase are summarized and the notion of two phases in abscission are developed and generalized to other systems of development in plants. PMID- 6533241 TI - A mathematically modelled cytogel cortex exhibits periodic Ca++-modulated contraction cycles seen in Physarum shuttle streaming. AB - If each of many cells of an embryo (or different zones in a single cell) possess identical active cytogel machinery, having the 'right' mechanochemical response properties, then the collective interaction among those identical participants leads automatically to the globally coherent tissue deformations seen in embryogenesis, and to shuttle streaming in the plasmodial slime mould Physarum polycephalum. Biologically plausible, and experimentally verifiable hypotheses are proposed concerning how the tension generated by a strand of cytogel is determined by the deformation it suffers and by the concentration of a contraction trigger chemical, Ca2+, whose kinetics involve coupling to mechanical strain. The consequences of these hypotheses, deduced by solving the appropriate differential equation systems numerically, and displayed in computer-animated films, closely imitate diverse tissue deformation events seen in developing embryos. The same hypotheses on cytogel behaviour are used to model a thick walled Physarum vein segment, and two such segments are set up to be able to pump endoplasm back and forth between them. Under certain conditions, this model exhibits spontaneous rhythmic mechanochemical oscillations, many features of which correlate well with shuttle streaming in Physarum. Small gradual variations of parameters, presumably under genetic control, are shown to cause abrupt and biologically interesting bifurcations of the qualitative behaviour of the model. PMID- 6533242 TI - Models for positional signalling, the threefold subdivision of segments and the pigmentation pattern of molluscs. AB - Models of biological pattern formation are discussed. The regulatory features expected from the models are compared to those observed experimentally. It will be shown that: (i) Stable gradients appropriate to supply positional information can be produced by local autocatalysis and long-range inhibition. (ii) Spatially ordered sequences of differentiated cell states can emerge if these cell states mutually activate each other on long range but exclude each other locally. Segmentation results from the repetition of three such cell states, S, A and P (and not of only two, as is usually assumed). With a repetition of three states, each segment has a defined polarity. The confrontation of P cells and S cells lead to the formation of a segment border (...P/SAP/SAP/S...) while the A-P confrontation is a prerequisite for appendage formation. Mutations of Drosophila affecting larval segmentation are discussed in terms of this model. (iii) The two models for the generation of sequences of structures in space (positional information including interpretation versus mutual activation) lead to different predictions with respect to intercalary regeneration. This allows a distinction between the two models on the basis of experiments. (iv) The pigmentation patterns of certain molluscs emerge from a coupled oscillation of cells (that is, a lateral inhibition in time, instead of space). The oblique lines result from a chain of triggering events. PMID- 6533243 TI - Cell behaviour in a polygonal cell sheet. AB - Cell monolayers on culture dishes were divided into two groups: tensile monolayers and non-tensile ones. In the development of an epithelium, a non tensile cell monolayer turns into a tightly bound tensile one. Detection of these states was carried out by using the boundary shortening procedure, a computer based geometrical method to show how much the polygonal cell boundary contracts. Non-tensile monolayers were divided further into two groups according to their motility: a fluctuating monolayer in which cells move laterally, and a stable monolayer in which cells are immobilized. Quantitative determination of cell motility was performed by analysing time-lapse cellular patterns. These computer based geometrical analyses enabled us to divide monolayers into three groups: tensile stable monolayers, non-tensile stable monolayers and fluctuating monolayers, and this study therefore gives an insight into the way in which changing conformations of cells may be assayed. PMID- 6533244 TI - On the crawling of cells. AB - Motile cells moving in vitro do so via a characteristic motile appendage, the lamellipod, a broad, flat region of the cell cytoplasm which extends ahead of the moving cell, and which is devoid of organelles. I describe here a mechanochemical model for how the lamellipod propels the cell forward. The propulsive force for the spreading of the lamella derives from the swelling pressure of the cytogel within the lamellipod. A local change in ionic conditions - caused by a leak through the leading membrane - activates solating factors, which upsets the equilibrium between the gel osmotic pressure and its elasticity. Subsequently, regelling and contraction pull the cell forward. The model is in accordance with a diverse array of experimental observations on cell motility, and suggests a common physical mechanism underlying a variety of cell motility phenomena. PMID- 6533245 TI - Chromosomes and sex differentiation in eutherians. AB - In order to learn more about the role of sex chromosome-dependent gene products in gonadogenesis, changes in protein patterns were studied during gonadal development. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis analysis revealed specific proteins in both sexes at all developmental stages. Evidently the gonads are not indifferent by biochemical criteria at any developmental stage and express several specific genes from the onset of differentiation. To correlate these polypeptides with the sex chromosomes, proteins were investigated in human-rodent somatic cell hybrids and in genetically identical cell clones differing in one sex chromosome only. On two-dimensional gels one Y-dependent polypeptide was found with similar characteristics (relative molecular mass and isoelectric point) as an early testicular polypeptide. Its identity, however, remains to be proven. PMID- 6533246 TI - Chromosome order--possible implications for development. AB - Chromosomes are arranged in ordered haploid sets around the centre of the metaphase plate at mitosis in several grass species and hybrids. Each chromosome is in a fixed mean position relative to other, heterologous chromosomes, this order can be predicted using Bennett's model, and is clearly demonstrated from reconstructions of electron micrographs of serial sections (see Heslop-Harrison & Bennett, 1983a,b,c). The nucleus contains spatial domains of genes with similar functions. Chromosomes with major effects on nuclear behaviour--division or meiotic pairing--may be at special positions in the order. Changing spatial relationships of chromosomes with respect both to each other and the nuclear envelope (during the cell cycle and during development) may affect cell differentiation and gene activity. Chromosome order may have implications for the control of development within the nucleus and the organism. Order may constrain karyotype and hence species evolution. PMID- 6533247 TI - Analysis of upper beak defects in chicken embryos following with retinoic acid. AB - Implanting inert carriers soaked in retinoic acid into the anterior margin of the developing limb of chicken embryos leads to orofacial malformations as well as affecting pattern formation in the limb. Using anion-exchange beads as carriers, and soaking solutions of 1-10 mg/ml retinoic acid, almost 100% of the embryos have malformations of the face. The effects on the treated limbs range from symmetrical patterns of duplicated digits (maximum number of digits being four) to truncations in which no digits were formed at all. Typically, in the malformed faces the upper beak is completely absent, no nostrils are present and the front of the face forms a scalloped rim of tissue above the mouth. By reference to normal beak development, the seven bulges of tissue that make up the rim can be identified as derivatives of the masses of tissue that normally would fuse to form the upper beak. The roof of the mouth consists of three bulges of tissue flanked by widely separated palatal shelves. The defect can thus be classified as severe bilateral clefting of the primary palate. By examining the morphology of the faces of treated embryos, the origin of the defect can be traced to failure of the frontonasal mass to enlarge. Thus, the oronasal fissures are very wide and fusion across them to form the primary palate cannot occur. The way in which retinoic acid brings about the defect is discussed in relation to possible mechanisms involved in the production of cleft palate. The parallel is noted between the associated effects of retinoic acid on beak and limb morphogenesis and the chick mutation cpp, that also affects both face and limbs. PMID- 6533248 TI - Dermal cells form strong adhesions to the basement membrane during the development of feather primordia in chick skin. AB - Experiments are described which provide a direct measure of the adhesion between dermis and epidermis during the development of feather primordia in chick dorsal skin in culture. The epidermis was peeled from the dermis and the surfaces so exposed were examined under the scanning electron microscope: regions of strong adhesion between the tissues were revealed as areas where their separation was incomplete. The results show that soon after primorida become morphologically distinct, cells from the surface of dermal condensations form adhesions to the basement membrane which are stronger than those between dermis and epidermis interplumar skin. These adhesions may help to hold the epidermis and dermis together during the outgrowth of the primordium. PMID- 6533249 TI - The stages of flank ectoderm capable of responding to ridge induction in the chick embryo. AB - Reports on the stages when chick flank ectoderm can respond to ridge induction are contradictory. Different results have been obtained using presumptive wing or leg bud mesoderm as the inducing tissue with flank ectoderm as the responding tissue. In addition, although incomplete outgrowths have been obtained from recombinants with stage-19 flank ectoderm in a small percentage of cases, no complete outgrowths have been obtained from recombinants with ectoderm older than stage 18. We reinvestigated when chick flank ectoderm can respond to ridge induction and promote outgrowth of complete limbs. To do this, we combined flank ectoderm with in situ chick presumptive wing bud mesoderm using a pre-limb bud recombinant technique. When presumptive wing bud ectoderm was removed from the host and not replaced, wing development was suppressed. When host ectoderm was replaced with stage-15 through -18 chick flank ectoderm, limbs grew out in all cases; 86.4% of these recombinant limbs were distally complete. Stage-19 flank ectoderm formed a ridge and promoted limb outgrowth in 80.9% of recombinants; 52.9% of these were distally complete limbs. Recombinants made by grafting early stage-20 (40-somite donor) flank ectoderm to stage-15 hosts resulted in outgrowths in 60% of the cases and 33.3% of these were distally complete. Graft ectoderm from older donors did not respond to inductive mesoderm. Our results demonstrate that chick flank ectoderm from stage-15 through early stage-20 donors can respond to inductive signals from presumptive wing bud mesoderm to form an apical ridge. This ridge can promote outgrowth of distally complete wings in a substantial proportion of recombinants. This is two stages beyond when the ability to promote outgrowth of distally complete wings appeared to be lost using other methods. PMID- 6533250 TI - Characterization of exocoelomic fluid protein from rat conceptuses cultured in rat and human sera: a measure of yolk sac activity during organogenesis. AB - Fluid from the extraembryonic coelom of 11.5-day rat embryos cultured in 100% rat serum, 100% human serum and 90% human serum supplemented with 10% rat serum between days 9.5 and 11.5 postconception were compared using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and crossed immunoelectrophoresis. The protein composition of the exocoelomic fluids differed considerably from one another and from each of their respective culture sera. The majority of proteins in the exocoelom were derived from macromolecular transport but some contribution was made from protein synthesis by the conceptus. Eighteen proteins normally found in rat serum were found in the exocoelom of conceptuses cultured in 100% rat serum. Eighteen proteins were found in the exocoelom of rat conceptuses cultured in 100% human serum, of which ten were derived from human serum and eight were proteins normally found in rat serum. Analysis of fluid from conceptuses cultured in 90% human serum supplemented with 10% rat serum showed eleven human serum proteins and ten rat serum proteins. Differences in the composition of both human and rat proteins between the latter two fluids were also evident. PMID- 6533251 TI - The cellular contributions of blastema and stump to 180 degrees supernumerary limbs in the axolotl. AB - By inverting triploid blastemas onto diploid stumps (and vice versa) the cellular contributions to supernumerary limbs so generated have been assessed. The four classes of 180 degrees supernumerary limbs each had a different mixture of stump and blastemal cells. The mesoderm of normal supernumeraries was composed entirely or almost entirely of stump cells and were always of stump handedness. The mesoderm of symmetrical supernumeraries was of variable composition, it could be mostly stump, mostly blastema or half and half. In part normal/part symmetrical supernumeraries the normal part was usually of stump origin and the aberrant symmetrical part of blastemal origin. In part normal/part inverted supernumeraries the normal part came from the stump and the inverted part from the inverted blastema. The handedness of each part of these supernumeraries corresponded with its cellular origin. The epidermis of the supernumeraries was not of the same relative composition as the mesoderm, it tended to have a larger stump component. The black/white marker was also used and this too tended not to conform to the mesodermal contribution patterns. These results are discussed in terms of rules for generating supernumeraries and it is concluded that with the exception of symmetrical supernumeraries the cellular contributions of stump and blastema determine their structure. PMID- 6533252 TI - Butterfly wing patterns: how good a determining mechanism is the simple diffusion of a single morphogen? AB - The formation of the wing pigmentation patterns of three species of butterflies has been modelled using a mechanism based on a tripod of assumptions. First, that there may be morphogen sources in the foci of eyespots and morphogen sinks at some parts of the wing margin, all other cells being passive. Second, that the morphogen has a finite half life and diffuses simply and freely away from the sources throughout a wing of hexagonally packed cells. Third, that the overt pattern derives from cells interpreting the local morphogen concentration with respect to thresholds which determine scale colours. The final pattern thus follows lines of constant morphogen concentration and may, depending on the distribution of sources, comprise rings, curves or bands. With such a model, we have been able to compute stable patterns having the essential topology of the compound spots of Tenaris domitilla, the large rings of Diaethria marchalii and the pattern of eyespots, rings and asymmetric bands of Ragadia minoa. Quantitative analysis of the pattern-forming process shows that, with a biologically realistic diffusion constant (approximately 5.10(-7) cm2 sec-1) and a morphogen half life less than 6h, the patterns form within approximately 12h over a wing of approximately 1000 cells in length. The limitations of the model are that the exact morphology of the eyespots and bands do not match precisely those of the original wings, that there are edge distortions and that optimal patterns may be critically dependent on the exact positions of sources and sinks. An explanation for part of the discrepancy is that we have assumed an adult wing shape and foci coordinates in modelling a process that took place earlier in development. Nevertheless, the limitations of the model argue against a mechanism based on a single morphogen operating in vivo. However, as the model can generate many features of butterfly wing patterns, it may be considered as a degenerate case of that mechanism. PMID- 6533253 TI - The response of denervated axolotl arms to delayed amputation. AB - Forearms of juvenile axolotls can be kept denervated for up to 4 weeks by deflecting brachial nerves to the flank. A more orthodox second denervation prolongs this state up to a total of six weeks. The denervated arms are unable to regenerate for the whole period, but eventually become reinnervated and then regenerate normally. These results and analogous experiments on adult newts prompt a partial retraction and reinterpretation of my previous report on regeneration after prolonged denervation. PMID- 6533254 TI - Investigation of variability among mouse aggregation chimaeras and X-chromosome inactivation mosaics. AB - Mouse aggregation chimaeras were produced by aggregating C3H/HeH and C3H/HeHa-Pgk 1a/Ws embryos. At mid-term the proportions of the two cell populations in these conceptuses and the X-inactivation mosaic female progeny of C3H/HeH female X C3H/HeHa-Pgk-1a/Ws male matings were estimated using quantitative electrophoresis of phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK-1) allozymes. The percentage of PGK-1B was more variable in the foetus, amnion and yolk sac mesoderm of the chimaeras than in the corresponding tissues of the mosaic conceptuses. Positive correlations were found for the percentage of PGK-1B between these three primitive ectoderm tissues in both chimaeras and mosaics and between the two primitive endoderm tissues (yolk sac endoderm and parietal endoderm) of the chimaeras. There was no significant correlation between the primitive ectoderm and primitive endoderm tissues of the chimaeras. The results suggest that unequal allocation of cell populations to the primitive ectoderm and primitive endoderm considerably increases the variability among chimaeras but variation probably exists before this segregation occurs. The variation that arises before and at this allocation event is present before X chromosome inactivation occurs in the primitive ectoderm lineage and explains why the proportions of the two cell populations are more variable among chimaeras than mosaics. Additional variation arises within the primitive ectoderm lineage, after X-inactivation. This variation may be greater in chimaeras than mosaics but the evidence is inconclusive. The results also have some bearing on the nature of the allocation of cells to the primitive ectoderm and primitive endoderm lineages and the timing of X-chromosome inactivation in the primitive ectoderm lineage. PMID- 6533255 TI - Cell replication and terminal differentiation in the embryonic chicken lens: normal and forced initiation of lens fibre formation. AB - The relation between cell replication and lens fibre formation was studied in normal 5-day chicken embryos and in embryos in which the lens was reversed. After this microsurgery the epithelial cells were facing the retina and were forced to start fibre differentiation. Embryos were treated with [3H]thymidine followed by autoradiography or with Colcemid to induce metaphase arrest. About half of the control epithelial cells were actively replicating (in contrast, in the earliest stages of lens formation all cells are multiplying). Half of the non-dividing population was accounted for by the annual pad cells. The other half, probably in a resting phase (GO) of the cell cycle, was perhaps slightly more common in the central epithelium. This suggests that a germinative zone may be forming in the lens epithelium as early as 5 days of embryonic life. Normal epithelium had a cell cycle time of about 11 h, with S-phase, M, G1 and G2 lasting 5.5, 0.5, 2, and 3 h. After reversal the labelling index remained at control levels for about 4 h and then dropped to zero at 9 h. Similarly, the mitotic index gradually decreased to zero in 15. It appears that reversal forces the epithelial cells to cease replication when they reach G1. Cells already in GO may form fibres without first going through DNA synthesis. The very sharp boundary between dividing and non-dividing cells at the border of the optic cup suggests that the retina may regulate the irreversible cessation of cell replication associated with lens fibre differentiation. PMID- 6533256 TI - Morphological and experimental studies of the somitomeric organization of the segmental plate in snapping turtle embryos. AB - The segmental plate mesoderm of snapping turtle embryos (Chelydra serpentina) was examined with stereoscanning electron microscopy imaging. A metameric pattern was detected along the entire length of the segmental plates. This pattern consisted of a tandem sequence of mesodermal units, called somitomeres. Each somitomere was oval to cubic in shape and the processes of the constituent mesodermal cells tended to be arranged in concentric rings about the centre of the somitomere. Several experiments from a previous study (Packard, 1980b) of snapping turtle segmental plates were repeated, but, instead of culturing the explants and observing the numbers of somites that formed, the explants were fixed immediately for scanning electron microscopy and the number of somitomeres was counted. The segmental plates were found to contain an average of 6.5 +/- 0.7 somitomeres, which is almost identical to the average number of somites formed by such segmental plates when cultured (6.6 +/- 1.2). Furthermore, the number of somitomeres was identical in right and left explants removed from the same embryo, and the number of somitomeres was consistent regardless of the length of the segmental plate. Both of these observations are identical to those made previously for somite formation in culture. This association between numbers of somitomeres and somites strongly suggests that one gives rise to the other. Finally, it was demonstrated that for each somite formed by a segmental plate in culture, the segmental plate contained one less somitomere. This showed in a direct manner that turtle somitomeres become somites. It was concluded that the segmental plate mesoderm of snapping turtle embryos is already segmented, and that the 'segmentation' seen under a dissecting microscope is actually the final stage of somitomere differentiation into an epithelial somite. PMID- 6533257 TI - The differentiation in vitro of the neural crest cells of the mouse embryo. AB - A culture method for neural crest cells of mouse embryo is described. Trunk neural tubes were dissected from 9-day mouse embryos and explanted in culture dishes. The developmental potential of mouse neural crest in vitro was shown to be essentially similar to that of avian neural crest. In the mouse, however, melanocytes always appeared in association with the epithelial sheet close to the explant. Neural crest cells surrounding the epithelial sheet, which probably migrated from the neural tubes in the early culture phase, never differentiated into melanocytes. The bimodal behaviour of mouse crest cells seems to be due to the heterogenous potency of the crest cells and the interaction of these cells with the surrounding microenvironment. This culture system is well suited for various experiments including the analysis of gene control on the differentiation of neural crest cells. PMID- 6533258 TI - Trophectodermal processes regulate the expression of totipotency within the inner cell mass of the mouse expanding blastocyst. AB - Mouse blastocysts, aged 0, 2, 6 and 12 h from the onset of cavitation, were examined by transmission (TEM) and scanning (SEM) electron microscopy. In TEM sections, trophectoderm cells (TE) differed morphologically from those of the inner cell mass (ICM) by their flattened shape, paler cytosol staining and polarized disposition of both junctional complexes (apicolateral) and intracellular secondary lysosomes (SL; basal). Throughout this period of development, cytoplasmic processes, characterized by abundant SLs, cover approximately 80% of the juxtacoelic face of the ICM. These processes are shown to be derived from the basal surface of TE cells intermediately placed between polar and mural regions. In SEM preparations of the juxtacoelic ICM surface, revealed by 'cracking open' blastocysts, the processes appear as tongue-shaped, centripetally oriented structures which terminate collectively at a central area on the ICM surface. The potential of cultured ICMs to generate TE was demonstrated following their immunosurgical isolation from blastocysts aged up to 12 h post cavitation and by examining the sequence of ultrastructural changes associated with TE generation by ICMs from 2 h blastocysts. In contrast, the juxtacoelic cells of similarly aged ICMs observed in situ in ultrasections of intact embryos showed little or no evidence of totipotency expression as judged by the absence of TE characteristics. Since TE expression within presumptive ICM cells is thought to be generated by an asymmetry of cell contacts (Johnson & Ziomek, 1983), we propose that the juxtacoelic TE processes, by providing a cellular cover to the ICM, function in suppressing the expression in situ of ICM totipotency. PMID- 6533259 TI - Phytochemical and biological screening of Saudi medicinal plants, Part 6. Isolation of 2 alpha-hydroxyalantolactone the antileukemic principle of Francoeuria crispa. PMID- 6533260 TI - Terpenoids of Helianthus nuttallii. PMID- 6533261 TI - An improved preparation of chenodeoxycholic acid. PMID- 6533262 TI - Extraordinary levels of production of pyrrolizidine alkaloids in Senecio riddellii. PMID- 6533263 TI - Atractyloside, toxic compound from Wedelia glauca. PMID- 6533264 TI - 2-Hydroxyacetophenone: principal root volatile of the East African medicinal plant, Carissa edulis. PMID- 6533266 TI - Native American food and medicinal plants, 5. Isolation of the lipid altering visnagin from Musineon divaricatum. PMID- 6533265 TI - Five coumarins and a carbazole alkaloid from the root bark of Clausena harmandiana. PMID- 6533267 TI - Alkaloids from Lindera strychnifolia. PMID- 6533268 TI - Antineoplastic agents, 103. The isolation and structure of hypoestestatins 1 and 2 from the East African Hypoestes verticillaris. AB - The East African shrub Hypoestes verticillaris representing a heretofore chemically unexplored. Acanthaceae genus has been found to contain two new cell growth inhibitory (murine P-388 lymphocytic leukemia) phenanthroindolizidine alkaloids termed hypoestestatin 1 (1a) and hypoestestatin 2 (1b). Both substances were found to markedly inhibit growth of the murine P-388 cell line (ED50 = 10( 5) micrograms/ml). The structures of hypoestestatins 1 and 2 were assigned primarily on the basis of results from extensive spectral studies. PMID- 6533269 TI - Flavonoids and alkaloids from Strychnos pseudoquina. AB - From the leaves of Strychnos pseudoquina (Loganiaceae), isorhamnetin (1) and a new biflavone (2) named strychnobiflavone were isolated together with the alkaloids diaboline and 11-methoxydiaboline. PMID- 6533270 TI - 15-Deacetylsergeolide, a potent antileukemic quassinoid from Picrolemma pseudocoffea. AB - Investigation of the leaf extract of Picrolemma pseudocoffea afforded a new antineoplastic quassinoid, 15-deacetylsergeolide (3), and two known quassinoids, isobruceine B (1) and sergeolide (2). The structure of 3, which displayed strong antileukemic activity in the P-388 test system, was established through the interpretation of spectral data and chemical correlation to 2. PMID- 6533271 TI - Effects of vitamin E in kid erythrocytes on Tween 20-induced hemolysis in vitro. AB - Red blood cells (RBC) of alpha-tocopherol sufficiency and deficiency were produced in kids fed on purified diets to investigate the relationship between RBC alpha-tocopherol levels and hemolysis induced by Tween 20. RBC alpha tocopherol contents of vitamin E-deficient kids were non-detectable from 4 weeks, and percentages of hemolysis increased to over 70%. A highly significant decrease in hemolysis was noted when vitamin E was added to the diet. Tween 20 hemolysis values were negatively correlated with RBC tocopherol levels in kids. The concentration of RBC alpha-tocopherol required to prevent the hemolysis was found to be 0.6 microgram/ml packed cells. PMID- 6533272 TI - Influence of nicotinic acid on cerebroside synthesis in the brain of developing rats. AB - The effect of nicotinic acid on synthesis of cerebroside was studied during brain development. Nicotinic acid concentration in the whole brain and liver of rats fed on nicotinic acid-deficient diet for 10 days after weaning was lower than that of animals fed on nicotinic acid-supplemented diet. The cerebroside concentration was markedly lower and the total lipid concentration was slightly lower in the brain of nicotinic acid-deficient animals than in those receiving nicotinic acid-supplemented diet. Therefore, the ratio of cerebrosides to total lipids of nicotinic acid-deficient rats was significantly lower than that of nicotinic acid-supplemented rats. In nicotinic acid-deficient rats, the ratio of long-chain to short-chain fatty acid (C20-24/C14-18) was decreased in the nonhydroxy fatty acid fraction. Moreover, the ratio of synthesis of cerebrosides with hydroxy fatty acid to nonhydroxy fatty acid of nicotinic acid-deficient rats was higher than that of rats fed on nicotinic acid-supplemented diet. These observations suggest that nicotinic acid affects the synthesis of cerebrosides with nonhydroxy fatty acid. PMID- 6533273 TI - The utilization of carnosine in rats fed on a histidine-free diet and its effect on the levels of tissue histidine and carnosine. AB - Carnosine can support the growth of rats fed on a histidine-free diet. Rats fed on the histidine-free diet lost weight rapidly for a few days, then remained at a relatively constant weight for 2 weeks at least. However, rats fed on a 0.90% carnosine diet, which contains histidine equimolar to that in a 20% casein diet, increased their weight at the same rate as rats fed on a 20% amino acid diet simulated with casein. On the other hand, the growth of rats fed on a 5% carnosine diet was about 70% compared with that of control rats fed on the 20% amino acid diet for a 2-week experimental period. Carnosinase activity was not significantly affected in the kidney of rats fed on the histidine-free or the 5% carnosine diet. On the other hand, carnosinase activity in the small intestine of rats fed on the histidine-free diet was significantly increased. Histidine content of serum of rats fed on the histidine-free diet decreased to 1/3 of that of control rats, while that of rats fed on the 5% carnosine diet increased to about 14 times. Carnosine content of rat gastrocnemius muscle increased with carnosine content of diets, followed by an increase of histidine in the muscle. However, carnosinase activity of gastrocnemius muscle was not affected by carnosine in diets. PMID- 6533275 TI - Effect of protein intake level on urinary energy/nitrogen ratio in Japanese. AB - Urinary energy/nitrogen ratios were determined in 179 female and 14 male subjects given protein from various sources and at various intake levels. The ratio decreased with increasing protein intake from zero to 1 g/kg/day but was constant when protein intake was between 1 to 1.8 g/kg/day. The ratio was not affected by the variety of protein source. There was no difference between the data for semisynthetic diet and conventional diet. Mean values and standard deviations of the ratio in men and women given the diet containing 1.0 to 1.8 g protein/kg/day were 9.06 +/- 0.56 (n = 14) and 8.19 +/- 0.81 (n = 37) kcal/kg N, respectively. The difference between two figures in men and women was significant (p less than 0.05). The mean values of urinary E/N ratio actually measured did not approach those of urea (5.34 kcal/g N), the principal nitrogenous compound in urine, the proportion of which increased at higher protein intake level. Characteristically high ratios were obtained in the ma-konbu (Laminaria japonica) and enokitake (Flammulina velutipes) diet groups. The results suggest that urinary energy originates not only from nitrogen-containing compounds but also from other organic compounds containing no nitrogen. Therefore, further investigation is necessary to evaluate the urinary E/N ratio applicable to the urinary loss of incompletely oxidized nitrogenous compounds. PMID- 6533274 TI - Effects of Okinawan sugar cane wax and fatty alcohol on serum and liver lipids in the rat. AB - Partially purified Okinawan sugar cane wax and fatty alcohol were fed to Wistar strain rats to examine the effects on serum and liver cholesterol (Chol), triglyceride (TG) and phospholipid (PL). The fecal excretion of neutral sterols in the rats was also determined. There were no significant differences found in the body weight gain, food intake and liver weight among the animals of experimental diet groups. An addition of 0.5% sugar cane wax to the diet significantly lowered the concentrations of serum and liver Chol in the rats. There were no significant differences observed in PL and TG levels either in serum or liver among the experimental groups. These results indicate that cane wax, one of the elements contained in sugar cane rind as well as in black sugar, may have a cholesterol-lowering effect on the serum and liver of the rats. The amount of feces excreted by the three experimental diet groups of rats were exactly the same and also no significant differences were found in the excretion of Chol. PMID- 6533276 TI - Synthesis of the 19-functionalised visual pigment analogue. PMID- 6533277 TI - Maternal perception of fetal movements and real-time ultrasound findings. AB - Two real-time ultrasound instruments were used simultaneously for comprehensive recording of "total" fetal motor activity in 50 patients in the second half of pregnancy. Synchronously, cardiotocographic findings and maternal perception of fetal movements were stored on magnetic tape. In most cases fetal "gross" movements were perceived by the mothers (mean: 63%). Isolated movements of fetal extremities were reported by the mother in only about 15% of all cases. Mothers registered a total of all movements in 37%. We found a statistically significant difference in the percentage of perceived fetal movements with regard to parity (p less than 0.001) and with regard to gestational age (p less than 0.01). With multiparity or an increasing gestational age the body movements of the fetuses were felt more accurately by the mothers. In 30% of all cases the mothers perceived movements without sonographic confirmation. The findings of this study suggest that maternal perception of major fetal body movements is accurate in the majority of cases. However, the relatively high rate of false positive maternal perception should be taken into consideration if the maternal record of daily fetal movements is to be used for fetal monitoring. PMID- 6533278 TI - Developmental trends in the appraisal of anxiety-provoking situations. AB - Empirical results on the appraisal of anxiety-provoking situations are integrated with general findings on perceptual and cognitive growth. It was hypothesized that younger teenagers would appraise relations between anxiety-provoking situations on the basis of manifest and perceptually salient characteristics of the situations more so than would older teenagers, whereas the latter group would view relations predominantly on the basis of latent, anticipatory qualities. The hypothesis was tested with a similarity rating method designed to enable subjects to rate similarity between situations both from manifest and latent situation characteristics. The results supported the hypothesis. Implications of results for stability of cross-situational behavior was discussed. PMID- 6533279 TI - Desire for control, locus of control, and proneness to depression. AB - Two personality constructs, desire for control and locus of control, were related to depression among college students. Measures of levels of depression, desire for control, and locus of control were taken from subjects. Approximately six months later 71% of these subjects returned a questionnaire concerning their experiences with depression during that six-month period. It was found that locus of control scores, particularly the extent to which subjects perceived that their lives were controlled by chance, were significantly related to the depression levels. It was also found that high desire for control subjects who held external perceptions of control were most likely to seek nonprofessional help for depression. In addition, high desire for control subjects who perceived their lives as generally controlled by chance were most likely to have suicidal thoughts. The results are interpreted in terms of a general style that may promote a proneness to depression for certain individuals. PMID- 6533280 TI - Effect of hypothermia and ether anesthesia on the dispositions of creatinine and urea in mice. AB - Hypothermal mice were used under the anesthetized condition with ether to clarify the effect of diminished blood circulation on the dispositions of creatinine and urea which are considered to pass through the water-filled pores of biological membranes easily. The total body clearance of each chemical was considerably decreased in hypothermal mice compared with normal mice. This was considered to be caused by the decrease of glomerular filtration rate. The whole-body autoradiograms obtained following intravenous administration of 14C-urea and the rate of muscular blood flow showed that the transfer of urea from blood to muscle was apparently delayed by the decrease of muscular blood flow rate. However, the transfer of creatinine to muscle was not influenced by the change of muscular blood flow rate. This difference between creatinine and urea might be related to the higher permeability of muscular cell membrane to urea than to creatinine. PMID- 6533281 TI - Combination effects of Shosaikoto (Chinese traditional medicine) and prednisolone on the anti-inflammatory action. AB - Effects of combined use of Shosaikoto (one of the famous crude Chinese medicines) and prednisolone were examined in anti-inflammatory effects, using the carrageenan edema and the cotton pellet methods. Shosaikoto and prednisolone were orally given to rats or mice at the dose of 1.1 g/kg (corresponding to 10 times the usual human dose) for the former and 1.0, 4.0 and 16.0 mg/kg for the latter. Shosaikoto showed the mild anti-inflammatory action and significantly increased the anti-inflammatory effect of prednisolone in both experimental models. In cotton pellet method, combined use of Shosaikoto inhibited the decrease of adrenal weight induced by prednisolone. To clarify the mechanism of combined effects of prednisolone and Shosaikoto, the effects of Shosaikoto on the blood prednisolone level and on the secretion of endogenous glucocorticoid (corticosterone) were investigated by high performance liquid chromatography. The blood prednisolone level 20 min after the combined administration of Shosaikoto with prednisolone, 16 mg/kg, was about 2 times comparing with that of single administration of prednisolone. The half life period of blood prednisolone after the single administration of prednisolone was about 2 times comparing with that of the combined administration of Shosaikoto with prednisolone. On the other hand, the single administration of Shosaikoto increased the blood corticosterone level 1 h after the administration with significant manner. The increasing activity of Shosaikoto on the anti-inflammatory effect of prednisolone may be explained by its plural actions. PMID- 6533282 TI - Comparative studies of the stereoisomers of glycyrrhetinic acid on anti inflammatory activities. AB - Anti-inflammatory activity of the stereoisomers, 18 alpha and 18 beta glycyrrhetinic acid (18 alpha and 18 beta-GA), obtained from Glycyrrhizae Radix, was investigated by using carrageenan-induced edema in mice and 18 alpha-GA was found to be more active than 18 beta-GA. Therefore, to clarify the difference of action of 18 alpha and 18 beta-GA, the inhibitory effects of both stereoisomers on the cotton pellet granuloma formation in adrenalectomized rats and on the reduction of steroidal compounds by delta 4-5 beta-reductase in the microsome fraction of rat liver were investigated. 18 alpha-GA, 30 mg/kg p.o., showed the similar antigranulomatous action in normal and adrenalectomized rats. On the other hand, 18 beta-GA, 30 mg/kg p.o., which exhibited the inhibitory effects in normal rats, showed no action in adrenalectomized rats. More than 50% of inhibitory effects of 18 alpha and 18 beta-GA on the 5 beta-reduction of testosterone and cortisol were recognized by an equimolar ratio of steroids to 18 alpha or 18 beta-GA. From these results, the activity of 18 alpha-GA is similar to that of glucocorticoid and the difference of action between 18 alpha-GA and 18 beta-GA could be explained by its stereochemical structure of D/E trans conformation. In addition to the glucocorticoid action, 18 alpha-GA inhibited the inactivation of endogenous glucocorticoid in liver, which is also recognized by the application of 18 beta-GA. PMID- 6533283 TI - Disposition of salicylic acid in analbuminemic rats. AB - To clarify the role of albumin in the dispositions of drugs by in vivo experiment, analbuminemic rats were used and plasma-level analyses and whole-body autoradiography following intravenous administration of 14C-salicylic acid were carried out. The distribution volume of salicylic acid in analbuminemic rats (650 +/- 33 ml/kg) was remarkably larger than that in normal rats (180 +/- 3 ml/kg) (p less than 0.01). Whole-body autoradiograms demonstrated that transfer of salicylic acid from the blood to the liver, muscle and brain, especially to the liver, may be increased in analbuminemic rats. The increased distribution may be explained by the lack of plasma albumin, since the distribution of salicylic acid depends in part on plasma albumin binding. The total body clearance of salicylic acid in analbuminemic rats (12.2 +/- 1.4 ml/min/kg) was about 3.2 times that in normal rats (3.8 +/- 0.1 ml/min/kg) (p less than 0.01), suggesting that metabolic clearance and/or renal clearance is enhanced in analbuminemic rats. Increased extraction by the liver and/or the kidney due to increased free fraction in total (bound and unbound) plasma salicylic acid assumed to be responsible for this result. PMID- 6533284 TI - Antitumor effect of human recombinant interferon-beta against human melanomas transplanted into nude mice. AB - The antitumor activity of recombinant human interferon-beta (ReIFN-beta) against 2 human melanomas, Mela3 and SK-MEL-26 cells, transplanted into nude mice was examined, comparing with that of natural interferon-beta (IFN-beta). The growth of Mela3 and SK-MEL-26 cells was inhibited significantly by the daily intravenous injection of 10(8) units(U)/kg of ReIFN-beta for 10 d starting from day 0. The effect of ReIFN-beta decreased when its administration was started from the established stage of tumor development. Intravenous injection of 10(7) U/kg of ReIFN-beta or IFN-beta did not significantly inhibit the growth of Mela3 cells. Mela3 cells, prepared from Mela3-bearing mice which had been injected 10(8) U/kg of ReIFN-beta intravenously for 10 d, showed the slight resistance to ReIFN-beta in vitro. Intratumoral injection of 10(7) U/kg of ReIFN-beta in the established stage of tumor development inhibited the growth of Mela3 and SK-MEL-26 cells significantly. This effect of ReIFN-beta was almost equivalent to that of IFN beta. From the histological examination, these effects of intratumoral injection of ReIFN-beta or IFN-beta were suggested to be mediated by their direct anticellular activities, but not by immunological activities. These results indicate that the in vivo antitumor activity of ReIFN-beta was not essentially affected by the deficiency of carbohydrate. PMID- 6533285 TI - [High performance liquid chromatographic determination of pyrimidine nucleobases and 5-fluorouracil labeled with a fluorescent reagent]. PMID- 6533286 TI - [The foretell method of the observation of crystal growth of dequalinium chloride in short time in oil in water type ointments]. PMID- 6533287 TI - [Crystal growth of cephalothin sodium in a frozen solution. II. Effects of the amount of seed, concentration, and temperature]. PMID- 6533289 TI - [Growth sensitivity of granuloma tissue of normal and diabetic rats to the extract of calf blood (SS-094)]. PMID- 6533288 TI - [Induction of atherosclerosis in rats fed a high-cholesterol diet containing beta aminopropionitrile for a short period]. PMID- 6533290 TI - [Sensitivity to vinblastine and mechanisms of intracellular accumulation of vinblastine by reserpine in rat ascites hepatoma cells]. PMID- 6533291 TI - [Studies on enhancement of sensitivity to vinblastine by rauwolfia alkaloids]. PMID- 6533292 TI - [Studies on the mechanisms of vinblastine membrane transport in rat ascites hepatoma AH66 cells]. PMID- 6533293 TI - Absence of a significant pharmacokinetic interaction between hydrochlorothiazide and triamterene when coadministered. AB - Hydrochlorothiazide, triamterene, and hydroxytriamterene sulfate were monitored in the plasma and urine of 24 healthy young men taking single doses of a liquid preparation containing both hydrochlorothiazide and triamterene, liquid preparations containing either of these drugs alone, and a combination tablet recently formulated with a dose ratio of hydrochlorothiazide : triamterene (1 : 1.5) found to give optimal potassium-sparing effect. In contradiction to a recent publication, no interaction between the drugs affecting the bioavailability or renal clearance of either could be demonstrated. The previous report of drug-drug interaction probably arose from formulation-related problems with bioavailability from the two capsule and two tablet products which had been studied. A well formulated hydrochlorothiazide-triamterene combination tablet promotes plasma concentrations and urinary excretion of hydrochlorothiazide, triamterene, and hydroxytriamterene sulfate which are virtually identical to those seen after either a combination liquid dosage form or simple liquid forms containing only one of the two drugs. PMID- 6533294 TI - Prediction of the volumes of distribution of basic drugs in humans based on data from animals. AB - The apparent volume of distribution-after distribution equilibrium and the ratio of distributive tissue volume to the unbound fraction in the tissue (VT/fuT) of 10 weak basic drugs, i.e., chlorpromazine, imipramine, propranolol, disopyramide, lidocaine, quinidine, meperidine, pentazocine, chlorpheniramine, and methacyclin were compared in animal species and humans. In these two parameters, a statistically significant correlation between animals and humans was obtained, when the parameters were plotted on a log-log scale. The correlation coefficient between VT/fuT was significantly higher than that between the apparent volumes of distribution (p less than 0.05). In general, there was little difference between VT/fuT of various basic drugs in animals and that in humans. Prediction of the apparent volume of distribution in humans using animal data of VT/fuT, plasma unbound fraction, blood volume, and blood-to-plasma concentration ratio in humans was successful for most of drugs studied. PMID- 6533295 TI - Concentration and pH dependent steady-state volume of distribution of methotrexate estimated by a simple physiologically based method. AB - The effects of plasma concentration and pH on the steady-state volume of distribution, Vss, of methotrexate (MTX) were studied in five conditioned male beagle-mongrel dogs. Steady-state plasma MTX concentrations of approximately 1, 20, and 100 micrograms/ml were targeted for by i.v. bolus doses followed by i.v. infusions. An isotonic solution of sodium bicarbonate or ammonium chloride was simultaneously infused for the purpose of inducing plasma pH change, while the infusion of an isotonic solution of sodium chloride served as a control. Plasma and urine concentrations of MTX were quantitated by a sensitive high-performance liquid chromatographic method, and the Vss of MTX was estimated by a recently reported physiologically based method of Chiou and Lam. Statistically significant (p less than 0.05) concentration and plasma pH dependent Vss of MTX were observed. Concentration dependence of Vss was noted in sodium chloride and ammonium chloride infused dogs, but not in bicarbonate treated dogs. There was an average 50.0 and 44.8% increase in Vss at 1 microgram/ml relative to the two higher concentrations (20 and 100 micrograms/ml) for dogs treated with ammonium and sodium chloride, respectively. However, Vss of MTX at the targeted concentrations of 20 and 100 micrograms/ml was relatively constant. Plasma pH dependence of Vss was observed only at the plasma concentration of 1 microgram/ml, and on the average, ammonium chloride and sodium chloride treatments resulted in 50.0 and 31.3% higher Vss, respectively, when compared with the bicarbonate treatment. These phenomena appear to be adequately explained by the reported tissue uptake kinetics of MTX. PMID- 6533296 TI - Ocular and systemic bioavailability of ophthalmic flurbiprofen. AB - Flurbiprofen, a nonsteroidal antiinflammatory agent which is not ocularly metabolized, was employed as a probe compound to investigate the drug kinetic relationship between systemic and ocular humoral circulation. The ocular and systemic bioavailabilities of topically applied flurbiprofen were also quantitated. Anesthetized albino female rabbits received flurbiprofen doses intracamerally, topically, and intravenously at 2 to 4 week intervals. Aqueous humor and plasma were used as the sampling compartments. Plasma clearance values of flurbiprofen were 6.77 and 7.87 ml/min, after 6-mg and 208-micrograms intravenous doses, respectively. These values were not significantly different and indicated no dose-dependent disposition kinetics over a 30-fold dose range. Both ocular and systemic flurbiprofen dispositions followed a biexponential pattern with a rapid distribution phase. The systemic and ocular distribution half-lives of flurbiprofen were 12 min and 15 min, respectively. The plasma elimination half-life was 74 min and the aqueous humor elimination half-life was 93 min. The latter approximated the turnover rate of aqueous humor and suggested that aqueous humor drainage was the major process of flurbiprofen elimination from the globe. About 99% of flurbiprofen is bound to plasma protein. At distribution equilibrium, the plasma and aqueous humor concentrations of flurbiprofen differed by a hundredfold, suggesting that only free drug entered the aqueous humor after the administration of a systemic dose. In the ophthalmic studies, right eyes were instilled with 50 microliters of 0.3% flurbiprofen in saline (dose = 150 micrograms), and left eyes were instilled with 50 microliters of 0.15% flurbiprofen in saline (dose = 75 micrograms). When the area of the aqueous humor concentration-versus-time curve values was normalized by the administration dose, the 75-micrograms dose was 30% more available to ocular tissues than was the 150-micrograms dose. This demonstrated a disproportionate relationship between the administered dose and the fraction absorbed. The intracameral dose was considered to be completely bioavailable for intraocular effects. The ocular bioavailability of the ophthalmic dose was defined by using intracameral administration as a standard measurement. The ocular bioavailabilities of the 75-micrograms and 150-micrograms topical flurbiprofen doses were 10% and 7%, respectively. Systemic bioavailability after topical administration of 225 micrograms of flurbiprofen was 74%. PMID- 6533297 TI - Theorems and implications of a model independent elimination/distribution function decomposition of linear and some nonlinear drug dispositions. I. Derivations and theoretical analysis. AB - The approach presented enables a model independent representation of the pharmacokinetics of drugs with a liner disposition and some drugs with a nonlinear disposition. The approach is based on a decomposition of the drug disposition into an elimination function q(c) and a distribution function h(t). The q function represents the net effect of all disposition processes which work toward a reduction in the systemic drug level. The h function represents the net effect of all disposition processes which slow down the rate of decline of the systemic drug level by returning drug from the peripheral environment to the systemic circulation. Several theorems relating q and h to the drug disposition are presented which uniquely define these functions mathematically. The disposition decomposition is of particular significance in three main areas of pharmacokinetics: (1) evaluation of drug absorption, (2) drug level predictions including steady state predictions, (3) and elucidation of drug disposition kinetics. The practical significance of the decomposition method in these three areas is discussed, and various procedures for the application of the method are proposed. The decomposition method represents a model independent alternative to pharmacokinetic models such as linear compartmental models, the recirculation model, and some physiologic models. This also includes nonlinear forms of such models, as long as the nonlinearity is due to a central nonlinear elimination. The greatest promise and significance of the disposition decomposition approach appears to be its application to nonlinear pharmacokinetics. In contrast to linear pharmacokinetics the kinetic analysis in such cases has been limited to model dependent methods employing specific pharmacokinetic models, due to the lack of model independent alternatives. The novel development presented offers such alternatives. For some applications these alternatives appear more rational in the sense that the analysis becomes more general and objective and may be based on fewer assumptions. PMID- 6533298 TI - An exact confidence interval from untransformed data for the ratio of two formulation means. AB - Suppose that a test formulation and a standard formulation are to be compared in an experiment with a two period crossover design. Suppose that it is desired to obtain a confidence interval for the ratio of the test formulation mean to the standard formulation mean for some variable. Suppose that the measurements on the variable will themselves be analyzed rather than analyzing the logarithms of the measurements. A method for obtaining an exact confidence interval for a rather general model is described. A method has previously been given for obtaining an exact confidence interval under a more restrictive model. The two models are contrasted. PMID- 6533299 TI - Transfer of radionuclides through soil-plant pathway. PMID- 6533300 TI - Synergistic action of ultraviolet radiation and hydrogen peroxide on citrulline. PMID- 6533301 TI - Diminished osmotic fragility of mouse erythrocytes following intravenous injection of polymeric plutonium. PMID- 6533302 TI - Radiosensitivity of growing capillaries. PMID- 6533303 TI - The electrocorticograms of the aged mouse X-irradiated at juvenile or young adult. PMID- 6533304 TI - Blood composition in culled elephants and buffaloes. AB - Blood composition of succinyldicholine culled elephants and buffaloes was compared with that of undisturbed animals shot in the brain. The results show statistically significant differences in a number of variables including plasma ACTH and cortisol concentrations. The observed changes are attributed to stress induced by a combination of herding and darting with succinyldicholine and asphyxia. Extrapolation from blood oxygen tensions suggests that this stress may be perceived for an undetermined period which is probably longer in elephants than buffaloes. PMID- 6533305 TI - Epididymitis of rams in the central and southern districts of the Orange Free State. AB - Scrotal palpation, microscopical examination of semen smears and the application of bacteriological techniques, revealed the incidence of Actinobacillus seminis and Brucella ovis infection of rams in the central and southern districts of the Orange Free State to be 2,9% and 4,3%, respectively. More Dorper than Merino rams were affected. Although clinically detectable epididymitis was found in 5,9% of rams examined, infection with A. seminis and B. ovis, as measured by the presence of neutrophils in semen and positive semen cultures, could only be demonstrated in a small minority of affected cases. These organisms were found more regularly in clinically negative rams excreting neutrophils in their semen. Possible reasons for the high incidence of sheep brucellosis in rams in the particular area as well as the higher incidence of infection in Dorper rams are discussed. PMID- 6533306 TI - An outbreak of Cotyledon orbiculata L. poisoning in a flock of Angora goat rams. AB - An acute outbreak of C. orbiculata L. poisoning in a flock of 16 Angora Goat rams is described. Typical signs of acute bufadienolide cardiac glycoside toxicity were manifested and 6 animals died. In the 2 animals examined histopathologically multiple foci of myocardial degeneration and necrosis were present. Treatment consisted, inter alia, of drenching with a mixture of activated charcoal, potassium chloride and a commercial preparation, Universal Antidote (Centaur) and parenteral administration of atropine sulphate. PMID- 6533307 TI - A report of swine erysipelas in a litter of piglets. AB - Out of a litter of 7 two-week old Landrace piglets, 6 developed cutaneous haemorrhages especially on the limbs and ears. Two of these piglets died within 24 hours of the haemorrhages appearing whilst the other 4 recovered following penicillin therapy. The histopathological lesions were centred around the smaller vessels of the dermis and hypodermis. These included hyperaemia, leukostasis and intravascular fibrin coagulation or thrombosis. Bacterial emboli were present within the vessels of the skin, spleen, liver and kidney and loose in the areolar tissue of the dermis and hypodermis. Other lesions included scattered but extensive dermal and hypodermal haemorrhages and a mild cellular infiltration of the dermis and hypodermis. PMID- 6533308 TI - [South African biltong--another close look]. AB - Twenty beef biltong samples from various commercial sources were investigated chemically and microbiologically. The biltong contained 5-10% NaCl, little sugar and nitrite but 10-860 ppm nitrate. The addition of nitrate apparently did not ensure stability, since spoiled biltong often contained much residual nitrate. Biltong was stable at the barrier combination of aw less than or equal to 0.77 and pH less than or equal to 5.5 because such samples did not spontaneously become mouldy. A high degree of contamination with moulds and yeasts was found indicating a real health hazard to which consumers might be exposed. Better control measures must be imposed to ensure a better product to the consumer. PMID- 6533309 TI - Concomitant feline infectious peritonitis and toxoplasmosis in a cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus). AB - Three wild caught littermate cheetahs succumbed to feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) after being in captivity for approximately 9 weeks. A necropsy and histopathological examination on one revealed typical signs of FIP as well as histopathological lesions in the liver and brain of concomitant toxoplasmosis. Hypochromic anaemia, neutrophilia, lymphopaenia, eosinopaenia and elevations of alpha 2-globulin and gamma-globulin fractions of the blood were present in the one animal examined. These findings together with some clinical signs are reported. PMID- 6533310 TI - [Treatment of malignant epulis in dogs]. AB - The successful radiotherapy of malignant epulis in a 12 year-old Dachshund is discussed. Regrowth of the tumour, which was first removed by surgery, was treated with radiotherapy over a period of 36 days in 3 fractions. The total dose was 1800 rads. The lesion healed uneventfully. After 600 days, there was still no new growth but only scar tissue to be seen. PMID- 6533312 TI - Tuberculosis in milch goats. PMID- 6533311 TI - [Surgical repair of patent ductus arteriosus in the dog]. AB - The diagnosis, surgery and results of a case of patent ductus arteriosus in a dog are presented. The case was treated successfully in a private practice. PMID- 6533313 TI - The financial management of hospital equipment. AB - This paper outlines the main failings of the National Health Service in respect of its purchase and use of clinical and laboratory equipment. It emphasizes the need for proper inventories and demonstrates how they can aid the more efficient use of equipment by ensuring that all purchases within a Health District are co ordinated and that named officers are responsible for individual pieces of equipment. PMID- 6533314 TI - Equipment management in practice. AB - This article describes the setting up, funding and organization of an in-house equipment management service in the Bristol & Weston Health Authority. Existing resources were redeployed to form the present service. The range of equipment now maintained under the auspices of the Medical Physics Bioengineering Group has a capital value of 12 million pounds. All work is costed and a charge made to the client for whom work is carried out. A team of 27 medical physics technicians and three graduate engineers are maintained from this source of income. This method of funding is now making way for a system of job costing which will provide a basis for comparison with an outside service. PMID- 6533315 TI - A spatial arrangement memory testing unit. AB - The Spatial Arrangement Memory Testing Unit is a new apparatus which has been designed to provide a low-cost, portable instrument for assessing visuo-spatial memory performance. It is particularly useful for aiding diagnosis and planning rehabilitation programmes for patients that have suffered brain damage. The application of microprocessor technology has allowed a flexible programmable approach to the operation of the equipment. The system uses a dedicated Zilog Z80 microprocessor with associated software held in EPROM. An integral printer is used to provide a permanent record of patient performance. PMID- 6533316 TI - Evaluation of infusion pumps and controllers: fourth report. AB - The evaluation of pumps and controllers is being undertaken for the DHSS within the Bath District Health Authority. Technical performance assessments are made at the Bath Institute of Medical Engineering; user assessments in various local hospitals; and equipment is tested to BS 5724 at the British Standards Institution Test House. A recent issue of 'Health Equipment Information' ('HEI') (No. 125), published in September 1984, contains evaluation reports on a further four infusion devices. This is the fourth report in the series: the first three were devoted to groups of instruments of broadly similar types. In this report, a mixed batch of syringe pumps, volumetric pumps and controllers is reviewed--the aim being to evaluate new instruments as soon as possible after they appear on the market. Edited versions of earlier reports have appeared in 'Journal of Medical Engineering & Technology' [1 and 2]. For full details of the evaluation findings readers should consult 'HEI' 125--the following are extracts from the report. PMID- 6533317 TI - DNA synthesis in rat atrial myocytes as a response to left ventricular infarction. An autoradiographic study of enzymatically dissociated myocytes. AB - An autoradiographic study was performed on enzymatically isolated atrial muscle cells to examine the DNA synthetic response of atria to left ventricular infarction. DNA synthesis was studied in left and right atrial myocytes and nonmyocytes of: young Sprague-Dawley rats 11 days after ligation of the left coronary artery; rats subjected to a sham surgical procedure without coronary artery ligation; unoperated rats. Each animal received a series of ten injections of tritiated thymidine at 12-h intervals, beginning on the fifth post-operative day; cells were isolated 36 h after the last injection. In infarcted animals, 37.1% of the left atrial myocytes were labeled and binucleated, and 6.5% were labeled and mononucleated; 13% of the right atrial myocytes were labeled and binucleated, while 12.7% were labeled and mononucleated. For both the left and right atria, the incidence of tritiated thymidine label in myocytes of the sham operated group was similar to that of the unoperated controls, indicating that the surgical procedure did not stimulate DNA synthesis in atrial myocytes. In both left and right atria of the infarcted group, non-muscle cells were labeled to a greater extent (49.9% and 47.1%) than in the sham-operated group (22% and 20.8%), which in turn showed labeling to a greater extent than did the unoperated control group (10.9% and 11.6%), indicating that DNA synthesis was stimulated in non-myocytes of the atria by the sham operation and was further stimulated by experimental infarction.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6533318 TI - Adenine pool catabolism in the ischemic, the calcium-depleted ischemic, and the substrate free anoxic isolated rat heart: relationship to contracture development. AB - Metabolic changes in the myocardial adenine and hypoxanthine pools of isolated rat hearts subjected to global ischemia, hypocalcemic global ischemia, and global substrate-free anoxia were compared. At timed intervals between 0 and 60 min separate aliquots of extracts of the ventricles were used to determine either tissue pH, or the components of the adenine pool and their catabolites by reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The coronary perfusate draining from anoxically perfused hearts was collected over perchloric acid, neutralised and chromatographed by HPLC. The development of left ventricular resting tension (contracture) was recorded in the three groups of hearts. After 60 min ischemia the major catabolites, (AMP, inosine and hypoxanthine) comprised 70% of the total pool (11, 7 and 4 mumol/g dry wt, respectively). After the same period of anoxia 50% of the total pool, comprising adenosine, inosine, hypoxanthine and uric acid in approximately equal proportions, was recovered from the coronary perfusate. The major products remaining in the tissue were IMP and, to a lesser extent AMP (8 and 5 mumol/g dry wt, respectively). Left ventricular contracture developed at different rates in the three groups of hearts but always correlated closely with the maximum rate of adenine pool catabolism. The loss of components from the tissue and the divergence in pathway from adenosine to IMP production which occurs during anoxic perfusion should possibly be considered when assessing the biochemical events occurring in regionally ischemic heart muscle with significant residual flow. PMID- 6533319 TI - Changes in cardiac ultrastructure and myofibrillar proteins during ischemia in dogs, with special reference to changes in Z lines. AB - This study was designed to examine whether or not coronary ligation produces changes in myofibrillar proteins, especially Z line proteins including alpha actinin and the 55 kDa protein, in the dog. Changes in ultrastructure of the myocardium after coronary ligation were also studied. A branch of the left anterior descending coronary artery was ligated for a period of 3, 6, 24 or 72 h. Coronary ligation produced ultrastructural changes in Z lines (characterized by broader and wavy Z lines) as well as changes in glycogen granules, mitochondria, and nuclei. Myofibrils were isolated from the myocardium that had been made ischemic by coronary ligation. The yield of myofibrils was reduced as the ischemic period was increased. Phase microscopic examination of the isolated myofibrils from the ischemic myocardium revealed that there were spread Z lines with wider I bands, these changes being essentially the same as those observed by the electron microscope in the ischemic myocardium. The effect of coronary ligation on the myofibrillar proteins was studied by means of polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. In the isolated myofibrils from the myocardium 3 h after coronary ligation, there were decreases in the percentage of actin, alpha-actinin and the 55 kDa protein, and these changes progressively increased with lengthening of the ischemic period. These results suggest that coronary ligation decreases actin, alpha-actinin and the 55 kDa protein, in association with ultrastructural changes of the Z lines. PMID- 6533320 TI - [Clinicopathological features of 51 patients with megaloblastic anemia caused by vitamin B12 deficiency]. PMID- 6533321 TI - [Changes of red cell volume in isotonic glycerol solution]. PMID- 6533322 TI - [Evaluation of the FAB classification of acute leukemia]. PMID- 6533323 TI - [A case of multiple myeloma complicated with amyloidosis and carpal tunnel syndrome]. PMID- 6533324 TI - [A case of congenital high red cell membrane phosphatidyl choline hemolytic anemia with stomatocytosis and increased sodium influx]. PMID- 6533325 TI - [Congenital combined deficiency of factor V and factor VIII in two siblings]. PMID- 6533326 TI - [Agranulocytosis and impairment of liver functions terminating in death following vitamin B12 injection in pernicious anemia: report of a case]. PMID- 6533327 TI - [Central venous access in children with acute leukemia--multipurpose use of central venous catheter]. PMID- 6533328 TI - [A clinical study of 42 patients with aplastic anemia]. PMID- 6533329 TI - [High-dose cytosine arabinoside therapy in refractory acute leukemia]. PMID- 6533330 TI - [Probable essential thrombocythemia associated with anemia, 5q- chromosomal anomaly and nonlobulated megakaryocytes]. PMID- 6533331 TI - [A case of new G6PD variant without chronic hemolysis: G6PD Shinjuku]. PMID- 6533332 TI - [Acute hepatitis presenting severe thrombocytopenia with phagocytosis of platelets by macrophages in the bone marrow]. PMID- 6533333 TI - [Ultrastructure of abnormal neutrophils and megakaryocytes in a case of chronic benign neutropenia in childhood with thrombocytopenia]. PMID- 6533334 TI - [Mefenamic acid-induced autoimmune hemolytic anemia--a case report and review of literature]. PMID- 6533335 TI - [A case of megaloblastic anemia in childhood due to congenital deficiency of intrinsic factor: review of 33 cases]. PMID- 6533336 TI - [Study on amyloid deposited in the skin of a patient with amyloidosis cutis nodularis atrophicans]. PMID- 6533338 TI - [A trial in removing melanin from the dermis]. PMID- 6533337 TI - [Two cases of recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa with squamous cell carcinoma]. PMID- 6533339 TI - [Growth suppression of endothelial cells of the guinea pig aorta by the sera of patients with progressive systemic sclerosis]. PMID- 6533340 TI - [Effects of organophosphorus compounds and PAM on cholinesterase activity in rat tissues]. PMID- 6533341 TI - [Method for the determination of selenium in biological samples by hydrogen selenide evolution electrothermal atomic absorption]. PMID- 6533343 TI - [Experimental therapy of lethal poisoning due to combination of Vibrio thermostable direct hemolysin and staphylococcal enterotoxin]. PMID- 6533342 TI - [Characteristics of fatigue tests by a long-term observation]. PMID- 6533344 TI - [The changes in mechanical properties of rat bones under the low dose level of cadmium. (II). The torsional strength]. PMID- 6533345 TI - [Biochemical effects in mice and cytotoxicity in a cultured cell line of the extract of Amanita abrupta]. PMID- 6533346 TI - [Studies on bacterial aerosol. Part 10. Species classification and antibiotic susceptibility of airborne staphylococci in hospital]. PMID- 6533347 TI - [Relationship between antihyperglycemic drugs and myocardial infarction in the aged--a retrospective study]. PMID- 6533348 TI - [Effects of extracts from aortic intima and aortic media on platelet aggregation]. PMID- 6533349 TI - [Mean platelet volume, platelet count and platelet retention rate in cerebral vascular disease and Alzheimer type dementia]. PMID- 6533350 TI - [Survey on the decline of intellectual functioning with aging in senescence]. PMID- 6533351 TI - [Influence of aging and sex on gamma-carboxyglutamic acid (Gla) in rat bone]. PMID- 6533352 TI - [Loss of neurons in the nucleus basalis of Meynert in Parkinson disease with dementia, "diffuse Lewy body disease" and senile dementia of Alzheimer type]. PMID- 6533353 TI - [Relationship of serum albumin concentration to aging and survivorship in the community volunteers aged 70]. PMID- 6533354 TI - Newborn mass screening in Japan--1984. PMID- 6533355 TI - Genetic studies of familial amyloid polyneuropathy in the Arao district of Japan. III. Analysis of amyloid fibril protein. PMID- 6533356 TI - Demonstration of a glutamate-pyruvate transaminase silent allele in a Japanese family. PMID- 6533357 TI - Frequency of consanguineous marriages in Japan: geographical variations. PMID- 6533358 TI - A 7q- son of an XYY father. PMID- 6533359 TI - A female infant with pure duplication 12q24.2----qter. PMID- 6533360 TI - [Effect of local sustained stress on general oxygen consumption in belt conveyer workers]. AB - The modern mechanization and rationalization of production procedures have recently reduced the intensity of work in most factories. However, it has been pointed out that monotonous inactive work and/or co-operative work can in some sense impose stronger mental and physical stresses which may induce ill health in workers. In this study, assuming the assembly and adjustment of videotape recorders on a belt conveyor to be representative of monotonous inactive and co operative work, changes in oxygen consumption, heart rate, blood pressure, body temperature, critical flicker fusion and subjective symptoms of fatigue throughout a workday have been followed for six female workers engaged in this type of work. The main results obtained were as follows: The average oxygen consumption of six workers was 230 ml/min, almost unchanged during the work. The belt conveyor work indicated the metabolic rate of 0.3 in terms of relative metabolic rate. The net daily energy expenditure due to the work was only about 100 kcal. The average heart rate during assembly and adjustment were respectively, about 1.4 and 1.2 times the average heart rate at rest. The blood pressure and the rate of oxygen removal increased slightly as the work progressed in assembly work, but did not increase at all in adjustment work. The critical flicker fusion and body temperature showed little change during the work. PMID- 6533361 TI - [A longitudinal study of specific gravities of whole blood in dyestuff plant workers]. AB - Specific gravities of whole blood (GB) have been used widely as a screening test of anemia in industrial surveillance systems in Japan. The recent spread of electronic computers enables us to make effective use of a large quantity of information and GB could be used to screen examinees more accurately if the various factors which can bring about fluctuations in GB or the data obtained through past health examinations are taken into consideration. Time trends of GB can be explained by the combination of the physiological effect of aging, environmental factors such as diet or working conditions, and the birth cohort effect. The present study was aimed to identify the factors which bring about fluctuations in GB through longitudinal as well as cross-sectional observations. The study subjects consisted of 1,105 male workers engaged in dyestuff production work or clerical work at a dyestuff plant located in Tokyo during the period from 1953 to 1976. Though a negative association was found between GB and the age of workers through cross-sectional observations, it was found through longitudinal observations that the individual GB had a tendency to rise during the period in each birth cohort. These facts suggest that some environmental factors acted so as to raise the individual GB during this period in opposition to the physiological effect of aging to lower it. In order to evaluate the associations of educational history, working conditions, age and physique of workers with GB, information on these factors obtained through health examinations in 1960, 1965, 1970 and 1975 was analyzed separately by the multi-dimensional contingency table method. As a result, it was demonstrated that GB was directly related to all of these factors in 1960 and 1965, to age and physique in 1970 and only to age in 1975. These results suggest that environmental factors associated with educational history or working conditions played a greater part in the earlier periods when the average GB was not as high as in the later periods. In summary, the efficiency of GB as a screening test will be considerably improved if the judgment criteria utilize information about these environmental factors as well as the physiological effect of aging based on the information obtained from this study. PMID- 6533362 TI - [Elevation of urinary trehalase in cadmium injected rabbits]. PMID- 6533363 TI - [A computer analysis of entrainment (motion-voice synchronization) in communication: a mother-neonate relation as an example]. PMID- 6533364 TI - [Application of Bayes' theorem to diagnosis of patients with multiple diseases]. PMID- 6533365 TI - [Studies of lower leg electrical impedance for gait analysis]. PMID- 6533366 TI - [Application of a solid-state image sensor for measuring erythrocyte velocity in microvessels]. PMID- 6533367 TI - [An application of the maximum likelihood method to identification of a posture control system]. PMID- 6533368 TI - [A morphopathological study of the kidney in chronic glomerulonephritis. I. Changes in glomeruli, Bowman's capsule, and afferent and efferent arterioles]. PMID- 6533369 TI - [A morphopathological study of the kidney in chronic glomerulonephritis. II. Changes in the proximal convoluted tubules]. PMID- 6533370 TI - [A morphopathological study of the kidney in chronic glomerulonephritis. III. Changes in the distal parts of the urinary tubules]. PMID- 6533371 TI - [Biosynthesis of methylguanidine in isolated rat hepatocytes]. PMID- 6533372 TI - [Clinicopathological studies of renal cortical necrosis--with special reference to its pathogenesis]. PMID- 6533373 TI - [Renal pathology in fulminant hepatitis: multinucleated giant cells in the renal tubules]. PMID- 6533374 TI - [Pathogenesis of Bartter's syndrome with physiological and histological evaluation. A report of 3 cases in siblings]. PMID- 6533375 TI - [Gentamicin pharmacokinetics during hemodialysis]. PMID- 6533376 TI - [A case of glomerulonephritis with IgA deposits with alcoholic hepatic fibrosis]. PMID- 6533377 TI - [Natural killer activity in primary glomerular diseases]. PMID- 6533379 TI - [The 14th regional meeting of east and west of Japan, Japanese Society of Nephrology. 11-12 May 1984, Niigata and 17-18 May 1984, Osaka. Abstracts]. PMID- 6533378 TI - [Histopathological study of the kidney in experimental hypertension induced by long-term stress]. PMID- 6533380 TI - Sensitivity of rapidly acting arterial pressure control system in conscious adult rabbits at different ages. AB - Changes in sensitivity of the rapidly acting arterial pressure control (AP) system with aging were investigated. Two catheters, one for pressure measurement and the other for inducing hemorrhage from the aorta, were chronically implanted in 25 rabbits from the same colony (aged 6 to 30 months). A few days after the operations, each animal was quickly bled (2 ml/kg body weight) while it was conscious. The hemorrhage experiment was repeated 16 times and the mean arterial pressure responses were sampled with an A/D-converter and stored in a digital computer, the 16 strings of data being pooled for each animal. The overall open loop gain (G) of the AP-system was estimated from the individually pooled responses. In the present study, aging exerted no significant effect on the value of G (7.1) as evaluated by Kruskal-Wallis' non-parametric one criterion variance analysis (p greater than 0.05). The reflex sensitivity of the AP-system over the pressure ranges used in this experiment thus appears to be unaffected by aging over the range from 6 to 30 months. PMID- 6533381 TI - Effects of twitch potentiators and repetitive stimulation on arsenazo III Ca transients in Xenopus skeletal muscle fibers. AB - Ca indicator dye arsenazo III (AZ III) was injected into Xenopus skeletal muscle fibers. AZ III Ca-transients (AZ III signals) responding to the electrical stimulation of the fibers were measured by a pair of photomultipliers at 651-721 nm. In the standard Ringer solution at 22-23 degrees C, the latency of the AZ III signal (T1), the time from the onset of signal to the peak (T2), and the half decay time (T3) were 1.5, 3.9, and 16.6 msec, respectively. The falling phase of the signal was fitted to the exponential curve. The effects of repetitive stimulation with frequency of 10, 20, and 30/sec were investigated. The AZ III signal at 30/sec showed obvious summation. Prolongation of the falling phase with an increase in stimulating pulses or in stimulus frequency was always observed. In the solution which contained twitch potentiators such as NO3-, Zn2+, and caffeine, the peak of the AZ III signal showed a 10-50% increase and T1, T2, and T3 were increased by 20-100%. The falling phase of the AZ III signal was convex on the logarithmic scale in NO3 or Zn solution, and fitted to the exponential curve in caffeine solution. The factors which determined the falling phase are discussed. PMID- 6533383 TI - Cell-cycle-dependent changes of the negative surface charges in L929 cells. AB - The negative charges of cell surface were studied by the adsorption method of methylene blue in the synchronized cultures of L929 cells and its spontaneously transformed cell strain. The negative surface charges of the transformed cells were twice those of the original cells through all cell cycle phases. The surface charges cell-cycle-dependently changed in both cell systems and there were two maximum peaks at early G1 and S phase. PMID- 6533382 TI - Inhibitory effects of some heavy metal ions on taste nerve responses in mice. AB - Effects of treating the tongue with 7 heavy metal salts on chorda tympani nerve responses to sweet, salty, sour, and bitter stimuli were studied in ddy mice. CuCl2 and ZnCl2 at 10(-5) M inhibited responses to sucrose and Na saccharin without affecting responses to the other taste stimuli. Inhibition of responses to sweet stimuli was reversible, but recovery was very slow. No such selective inhibition of sweet responses was observed with FeSO4, MnCl2, CoCl2, NiCl2 or CdCl2. FeSO4 (1 mM) had a very small effect on all responses. CdCl2 (1 mM) depressed responses to all the stimuli to some extent. MnCl2, CoCl2, and NiCl2 (1 mM) slightly inhibited responses to NaCl and quinine hydrochloride, but not HCl. Responses to sweet stimuli were slightly inhibited by 1 mM MnCl2 or CoCl2. Kinetic analyses of the inhibition of sucrose responses by CuCl2 indicate that it is a competitive inhibition. Based on the results it is hypothesized that Cu2+ and possibly Zn2+ also compete with sweet-tasting molecules for receptor proteins while other heavy metal ions do not possess a strong ability to bind to the proteins. PMID- 6533384 TI - Involvement of ventromedial hypothalamus in brown adipose tissue thermogenesis induced by preoptic cooling in rats. AB - In unanesthetized rats, preoptic (PO) cooling increased brown adipose tissue (BAT) temperature (Tbat). Tbat was kept at a higher level by PO cooling, but lidocaine injected into the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) decreased Tbat and saline had no effect. These results indicate VMH is involved in BAT thermogenesis induced by PO cooling. PMID- 6533385 TI - [Global matching and local matching in perceiving velocity changes]. AB - Two experiments were conducted to examine the processes of perceiving velocity changes of visual stimuli which were gradually accelerated. In Exp. I, using a rotating pattern of luminous spots as moving stimuli, the time required of the subject to perceive a velocity change was measured in slow, medium and fast positively accelerating conditions. Irrespective of the accelerating rates, subjects tended to respond at the time the velocity difference attained to a constant value. In Exp. II, with the same moving pattern but presented only for a predetermined duration, subjects were asked to judge if there was a velocity change or not. The results showed that the slower was the acceleration, the larger were the velocity differences required of the subject to notice the velocity change. Based upon these results, the velocity change perception was discussed in terms of global and local matching processes. PMID- 6533386 TI - [A study of neonatal behavioral characteristics: The relationship between Brazelton Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale and infant-perception by nurses]. AB - The purpose of this study was to measure the behavioral characteristics of neonates and to investigate the relationship between these characteristics and infant-perception by adults (nurse). Brazelton Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale (BNBAS) were administered to 45 neonates three or four days after birth. Nurses were required to assess the perception of the neonates who received BNBAS during two to five days after birth. The main findings were as follows: A factor analysis was performed on the behavioral items of BNBAS, and six factors corresponding to Osofsky's factors (1977) were extracted. As for the behavioral items, there was no significant sex differences. Some of BNBAS factors related to the infant-perception by nurses. PMID- 6533387 TI - [Work curve characteristics of preschool children by Uchida-Kraepelin psychodiagnostic test]. AB - The work curve characteristics of preschool children aged five and six, were examined by Uchida-Kraepelin psychodiagnostic test; Scores were the amount of work, the effect of rest, PF profile fluctuation score and the relations among them. Subjects were 476 kindergarteners aged five and six. The results were as follows: The amounts of work increased with age, and girls' amount of work was larger than that of boys. The effect of rest was seen in the children aged six, but not in the children aged five. PF score tended to decrease as the amount of work increased. There was a negative correlation between the effect of rest and PF score. PMID- 6533388 TI - [Developmental changes of the interhemispheric interaction in the tactile function]. AB - This experiment examined the development of the hemispheric specialization and interaction of tactile recognition by the comparison of performance levels in three age groups, i.e. 24 children, 21 adults, and 15 aged people, with the mean ages of 5 yr 7 mo, 22 yr 5 mo and 72 yr 5 mo, respectively. They consisted of right handed males and females in similar numbers, and manifested no abnormality. Stimuli employed were seven random figures approximately 4 X 4 X 0.3 cm in size and placed 30 cm apart at the front of the subjects. Results of the successive interhemispheric matching task revealed that the adults showed the highest and the children showed the worst performance levels among the three groups and the superiority of the left-handed-first condition to the right-hand-first condition was shown in the children whereas no such difference due to hand orders appeared in either the adults or the aged groups. Based on these results, the development on the interhemispheric interaction and hemispheric specialization was discussed. PMID- 6533389 TI - [Propulsive activity of the isolated segmental colon of the guinea pig]. AB - Propulsive activity in segments of isolated distal colon of guinea-pig was investigated. Propulsive activity, as indicated by movements of the bolus (5 x 10 mm diameter) made of plastic with a steel wire, was recorded isometrically using a force-displacement transducer. Muscle tension of longitudinal axis was also recorded isometrically in the same preparation. In all preparations, spontaneous propulsive activity, which was due to combination of ascending excitation and descending inhibition, occurred periodically. The frequency of propulsive activity was 4.0 +/- 0.9/10 min (M +/- SE, n = 8) and the duration was 64.0 +/- 9.0 sec (M +/- SE, n = 9). The propulsive force was 16.4 +/- 3.4 g (M +/- SE, n = 10) at peak. The spontaneous propulsive activities were blocked by atropine (10( 5) g/ml). These activities were gradually decreased in frequency and in propulsive force within 2-3 hours. When spontaneous propulsive activities were negligible, carbachol (10(-9)-10(-7) g/ml) added to the bathing medium stimulated propulsive activity in a dose dependent manner. PMID- 6533390 TI - [Effects of trimebutine maleate (TM-906) on the gastrointestinal motility in anesthetized dogs]. AB - Effects of trimebutine maleate (TM-906) on the spontaneous motility of the gastrointestinal tracts were investigated in anesthetized dogs by means of force transducers. TM-906, administrated intravenously or intraduodenally, produced an inhibition followed by a potentiation of the spontaneous motility in the stomach, and caused a potentiation of the spontaneous motility in the duodenum, jejunum, ileum and colon. These effects of TM-906 were observed also in the vagotomized dogs as in the intact dogs. From these results, it is suggested that TM-906 modulates the spontaneous motility of the gastrointestinal tracts primarily through the peripheral mechanism. PMID- 6533391 TI - [Role of the striated urethral sphincter in the voiding cycle of the decerebrated dog]. AB - The role of the striated urethral sphincter on the dynamics of micturition was studied using 4 decerebrated dogs. The voiding cycles were analyzed by pressure flow EMG and pressure flow plot studies before and after the administration of suxamethonium. In the control condition, highly reproducible reflex micturition with bladder contraction and spasmodic rhythmic sphincter contractions was demonstrated. After the administration of suxamethonium reflex micturition occurred, but there was decreased bladder emptying as well as absence of spasmodic rhythmic sphincter contractions. The striated urethral sphincter would seen to play an important role in bladder emptying of decerebrated dogs. PMID- 6533393 TI - Identification of vasopressin and determination of its corticomedullary levels in rat kidney tissue. AB - To investigate the kidney tissue level of arginine vasopressin (AVP), tissue AVP was extracted, identified and assayed. Rat kidney tissue was separated into the papilla (P), medulla (M), and cortex (C). After homogenization, AVP was extracted with acetone and determined by radioimmunoassay. Fractionation of the tissue extract by Sephadex G25 column chromatography showed that the peak of immunoreactive AVP was identical to that of synthetic AVP. There was good correlation between bioassayable and immunoassayable AVP for the tissue extracts. Tissue AVP concentrations (pg/g wet weight) after 36 hr of dehydration were: P, 164.3 +/- 13.0; M, 93.8 +/- 8.4; and C, 28.9 +/- 3.9 with a plasma AVP (pg/ml) of 11.7 +/- 1.0 (mean +/- SE, N = 18). Thus, the papilla/plasma AVP concentration ratio was high. When 125I-AVP was administered, the papilla/plasma ratio was very low. Under water diuresis, the tissue AVP level was very low. The kidney tissue level of dDAVP, which was administered exogenously, was much higher than that of AVP when compared at similar plasma levels. Thus, the present study demonstrated the existence of a corticomedullary concentration gradient of AVP with a medullary level much higher than the plasma level. The accumulation of AVP seemed to result from receptor-mediated processes, since 125I-AVP, which is biologically inactive and does not bind to hormone receptors, showed only a slight accumulation. The higher tissue level of dDAVP suggested that the tissue level was determined by the balance between accumulation and inactivation, since dDAVP is known to be scarcely inactivated in the kidney. PMID- 6533392 TI - [Effects of trimebutine and metoclopramide on colonic motility in the guinea pig]. AB - The effects of trimebutine (2-dimethylamino-2-phenylbutyl-3, 4, 5-trimethoxy benzoate hydrogen maleate) and metoclopramide (N-diethylaminoethyl-2-methoxy-4 amino-5-chlorobenzamide) on propulsive activity of the isolated segmental colon, and on longitudinal and circular muscle layers of colon in guinea-pig were investigated. Trimebutine in doses up to 10(-7) g/ml slightly stimulated propulsive activity, but in doses as high as 10(-7) g/ml inhibited it. However, metoclopramide (10(-7)-10(-5) g/ml) stimulated propulsive activity in a dose dependent manner. Neostigmine-stimulated propulsive activity was inhibited by trimebutine (10(-6) g/ml) but potentiated by metoclopramide (10(-5) g/ml). Trimebutine (10(-8)-10(-5) g/ml) contracted circular muscle layer in a dose dependent manner, and contracted longitudinal muscle layer in doses up to 10(-7) g/ml, but in doses as high as 10(-7) g/ml relaxed it. While, metoclopramide (10( 8)-10(-5) g/ml) contracted both muscle layers. These results indicate that, at high doses, trimebutine-induced inhibition of propulsive activity may depend on a relaxation of longitudinal muscle, and at low doses, trimebutine-induced stimulation of propulsive activity may depend on a contraction of longitudinal muscle which was partly inhibited by atropine (10(-6) g/ml), though metoclopramide at low doses had little effect on propulsive activity. PMID- 6533394 TI - Glomerular alterations in uranyl acetate-induced acute renal failure in rabbits. AB - The study was performed to elucidate the progression and regression of superficial and inner glomerular alterations in uranyl acetate-induced renal failure in rabbits. Fifteen hours after the drug injection, creatinine clearance (CCr) decreased to 55% of controls with slightly elevated plasma creatinine concentration (initiation stage). After 5 days, urine flow and CCr decreased to approximately zero, with severe azotemia (maintenance stage). Scanning electron microscopic observations in these stages revealed a flattening and spreading of podocyte cell bodies associated with loss of epithelial foot processes, and reduction in the density of endothelial fenestrae. These changes were more advanced in the maintenance stage. Glomerular and fenestral diameters did not significantly change in the initiation stage but increased in the maintenance stage. There was no significant difference in these morphologic alterations, however, between the superficial and inner glomeruli. Glomerular alterations reverted to normal within 14 days, with good recovery of glomerular function. The findings show no significant difference in the progression or regression of the glomerular changes between the superficial and deep cortex. These morphologic changes may play a role in the reduction of CCr observed in this model. PMID- 6533395 TI - Recovery of cortical phospholipidosis and necrosis after acute gentamicin loading in rats. AB - The recovery from gentamicin-induced phospholipidosis in the rat kidney cortex was characterized both morphologically and biochemically after a single 12-hr drug infusion. Total dosages administered were 10, 60, or 140 mg/kg, achieving constant serum concentrations of 3, 11, and 27 micrograms/ml, respectively. At the end of the 12-hr infusion, the cortical drug concentrations corresponding to the three dosages were 124, 450, and 993 micrograms/g of wet tissue. At the low dose (10 mg/kg), myeloid bodies were seen inside lysosomes of proximal tubular cells, along with a modest decrease of lysosomal sphingomyelinase activity. The cortical drug level declined steadily following first-order kinetics along with a disappearance of myeloid bodies and return of sphingomyelinase activity to control levels. At the high dose (140 mg/kg), we observed a sustained loss of sphingomyelinase activity (37% of controls), a subsequent increase of phospholipid concentration in the kidney cortex (up to 117% of controls 2 days after) and a prominent accumulation of myeloid bodies inside the lysosomes of proximal tubular cells (up to 4% of cell volume). Tubular regeneration and interstitial infiltration became detectable by histology and the increase of DNA synthesis as from day 1, along with an apparent reduction of the phospholipidosis at days 3 and 4. Drug cortical concentrations showed a sharp decline 2 days after infusion. An intermediate behavior was observed at 60 mg/kg. It is concluded that the proximal tubular cells behave in a fundamentally different way after gentamicin loading with low and high doses. At the low dose there is a regression of the drug-induced changes in the absence of any sign of necrosis-regeneration. Above a threshold in cortical drug concentration there is further development of the alterations leading to cell death-regeneration. PMID- 6533396 TI - Complement phenotypes in glomerulonephritis: increased frequency of homozygous null C4 phenotypes in IgA nephropathy and Henoch-Schonlein purpura. AB - Polymorphism of three complement genes (C4A, C4B, and BF) located within the major histocompatibility complex was studied in 48 biopsy-proven IgA nephropathy patients and nineteen patients with Henoch-Schonlein purpura (HSP). Polymorphism was determined by immunoelectrophoretic techniques and functional activity using an overlay of sheep cells in agarose and C4 deficient sera. The subjects were divided into four large groups according to the presence or absence of a C4 null allele (a gene producing no identifiable gene product): group 1 (no null variants), group 2 (one C4A null variant), group 3 (one C4B null variant), and group 4 (two null variants at either the C4A or C4B locus, that is, homozygous null). Patients had a significantly increased frequency of group 4 phenotypes (homozygous null): (12 of 67 patients, 17.8%) as compared to controls (4 of 102 patients, 3.9%, P = 0.0031). Both IgA (P = 0.045) and HSP patients (P = 0.003) had a greater frequency of a C4 homozygous null phenotype. The serum C4 concentration was higher in patients than in controls (740 mg/ml and 576 micrograms/ml, respectively, P = less than 0.001) whether evaluated together or by C4 phenotypic group. The association between the presence of IgA nephropathy or HSP with a homozygous C4 null phenotype is of unknown significance but suggests a predisposition to development of HSP or IgA nephropathy for individuals with the C4 homozygous null phenotype. PMID- 6533397 TI - Association between blood pressure and the rate of decline in renal function with age. AB - A significant negative correlation (P less than 0.0001) exists between the mean blood pressure (MBP) and the rate of decline in creatinine clearance with time in years (BCr) in 446 subjects in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study on Aging (BLSA) followed serially on five or more visits over a period of 8 or more years. Even when the 118 subjects with possible renal and/or urinary tract pathology (category 1) and 74 subjects treated with diuretic and/or antihypertensive agents (category 2) were not included, this relationship remained in the 254 "normal" (category 3) subjects. Since both MBP and negativity of the BCr tend to increase with age, multiple regression analyses using both MBP and age as independent variables were performed to determine their respective influences on BCr. Both MBP and age significantly influenced BCr. When those subjects with hypertension (mean MBP greater than 107 mm Hg) were not included, however, the inverse relationship between MBP and BCr is lost, suggesting that an accelerated loss of renal function is observed primarily because of the impact exerted by individuals with blood pressures in the hypertensive range. PMID- 6533399 TI - Mild hypertension: a therapeutic dilemma. PMID- 6533398 TI - Improved methods for culturing rat glomerular cells. PMID- 6533400 TI - Cardiovascular response to maximal exercise in active elderly healthy people. PMID- 6533401 TI - Rebound of blood pressure after exercise. PMID- 6533402 TI - The effect of training frequency of aerobic dance on oxygen uptake, body composition and personality. PMID- 6533403 TI - Articular cartilage fractures of the knee. PMID- 6533404 TI - Do mental and physical performances have different patterns in elderly? PMID- 6533405 TI - Origin of the increase in H.D.L. cholesterol on sportsmen. PMID- 6533406 TI - Changes in dopamine-beta-hydroxylase, and copper, and catecholamine concentrations in human plasma with physical exercise. PMID- 6533407 TI - Changes in running economy relative to VO2max during a cross-country season. PMID- 6533408 TI - Analysis of visual functioning in fast ball team games. PMID- 6533409 TI - Positional differences in physique and body composition among top level Indian women hockey players. PMID- 6533410 TI - [General pharmacologic inventory of Rwandese medicinal plants]. AB - A pharmacological screening was conducted on 101 methanolic extracts from 31 medicinal plants chosen among the more widely used plants in Rwandese traditional medicine. Twenty four extracts from 13 plants have shown spasmolytic properties, while 35 extracts from 15 plants contain spasmodic active principles. Ten extracts from 8 plants have shown considerable toxicity and 3 extracts from 2 plants have revealed curarizing properties. PMID- 6533411 TI - A study of the hypoglycemic effect of some Mexican plants. AB - Diabetes mellitus is a disease that annually causes many deaths, and to date no really efficient remedy has been found. We studied a number of plants traditionally used in Mexico against diabetes, some of them since prehispanic times. Specimens of each species were collected and extracts from them were tested on CD1 strain mice with alloxan-induced diabetes. Hypoglycemic activity was determined by the O-toluidine and the Dextrostix tape methods. Several of the plants showed a marked hypoglycemic effect. PMID- 6533412 TI - Anti-inflammatory activity of Eryngium maritimum L. rhizome extracts in intact rats. AB - The administration of rough hydrophilic extract of Eryngium maritimum L. to intact rats inhibits carrageenin induced paw oedema, but it is inactive against cotton pellet granuloma; moreover, the extract does not reduce the weight of thymus, adrenals and spleen. These data show that the anti-inflammatory effect of E. maritimum extract is unlikely to be produced by a steroid-like compound or to be a consequence of adrenal stimulation. Further fractionation of total hydrophilic extract showed that the anti-inflammatory activity is retained by a sub-alkaline fraction. PMID- 6533413 TI - Effect of seneciphylline and senecionine on hepatic drug metabolizing enzymes in rats. AB - The effect of oral administration of the pyrrolizidine alkaloids, seneciphylline and senecionine, from Senecio vulgaris (Compositae) on activities of hepatic epoxide hydrase, glutathione-S-transferase, aminopyrine-N-demethylase and arylhydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH) was investigated in microsomes of young male albino rats. Seneciphylline significantly increased the activities of epoxide hydrase and glutathione-S-transferase but caused reduction of cytochrome P-450 and related monooxygenase activities. Senecionine failed to stimulate epoxide hydrase while it diminished the activities of glutathione-S-transferase, aminopyrine demethylase and AHH. Seneciphylline and senecionine could not produce any prominent in vitro effect on the hepatic drug metabolizing enzymes under study, except slight stimulation of epoxide hydrase activity by both the alkaloids and slight reduction of aminopyrine demethylase activity by senecionine. PMID- 6533414 TI - Antimitotic activity of strychnopentamine, a bisindolic alkaloid. AB - Strychnopentamine has been tested for its cytotoxic and antitumor activities and compared with two other bisindolic alkaloids that possess an usambarane skeleton. The presence of a N-methylpyrrolidine group increases the antimitotic activity of this type of alkaloids. PMID- 6533415 TI - Inhibition of phagocytosis of polymorphonuclear leucocytes by adenosine and HoCl3 in vitro. AB - Phagocytosis of polymorphonuclear leucocytes treated with NaF, HoCl3 and adenosine were studied. The highest concentration used was 25 mM of NaF, 25 mM of adenosine and 5 mM of HoCl3. It was ascertained that these substances, inhibitors of erythrocyte contractile protein, inhibit both phagocytosis and ability of polymorphonuclear leucocytes to change their shape. These unfavourable effects may be induced by the chemicals interfering with polymorphonuclear leucocytes contractile protein. NaF, HoCl3 and adenosine are also responsible for morphological changes in the cell nucleus. PMID- 6533416 TI - Computed tomography of the temporal bone. PMID- 6533417 TI - Cholesterol requirement of NS-1 mouse myeloma cells for growth in serum-free medium. AB - We have shown that NS-1 mouse myeloma cells, but not NS-1 hybridomas, required human low density lipoprotein (LDL) for survival and growth in serum-free cell culture (Kawamoto et al., 1983). Here we have further defined the lipid requirement of NS-1 cells by demonstrating that LDL could be replaced by cholesterol complexed with carrier bovine serum albumin (BSA). Cholesterol was the active component of this complex since BSA alone did not promote NS-1 survival or growth. Cholesterol was an absolute requirement of these cells, and it could not be replaced by mevalonolactone. In contrast to NS-1 cells a related mouse myeloma cell line, Sp2/0, did not require cholesterol or other lipids for growth in vitro. Finally, we propose that cholesterol-deficient medium may be an effective alternative to HAT medium for selecting NS-1 hybridomas. PMID- 6533418 TI - Partial purification and characterization of the messenger RNA for human glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase. AB - Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) is a household enzyme that accounts, in many cells, for about 0.03% of cellular protein. We have developed an assay for G6PD-specific mRNA based on in vitro translation of RNA from human fibroblasts and immunoprecipitation of the translation products with an anti-G6PD antiserum. By making use of this assay, G6PD mRNA has been purified 50 to 100-fold in three steps. We estimate that the mRNA encoding G6PD constitutes less than 0.02% of total poly(A)+ RNA in human fibroblasts. The size of the G6PD mRNA has been established in denaturing conditions as being in the range between 2800 and 3200 nucleotides. This has been confirmed by Northern blot analysis. Since the G6PD coding sequence is estimated to be about 1491 nucleotides, the G6PD mRNA has long untranslated sequences, most of which is at the 3' end and which may be heterogeneous in length. The sequence of the last 608 nucleotides of this mRNA has been determined. PMID- 6533419 TI - [Abdominal angiostrongyliasis. Anatomo-pathological study of 4 cases observed in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil]. PMID- 6533420 TI - [Ecology of Lutzomyia longipalpis (Lutz & Neiva, 1912) and possibilities of the existence of visceral leishmaniasis in Costa Rica]. AB - A semiarid area of northwest Costa Rica where Lutzomyia longipalpis is common in corrals around houses is described. Monthly captures of the sandfly during two consecutive years for fixed periods of time indicated that the insect bites avidly cows, horses, pigs, dogs and humans. From a total of 14,215 specimens, 90.5% were males and the species is markedly more abundant during the dry season decreasing considerably when rain comes. The possibility that visceral leishmaniasis could become in the future established in the area is discussed, in view of the fact that it already exists endemically in other Central American countries. PMID- 6533421 TI - The vertical dispersion of Anopheles (Kerteszia) cruzi in a forest in southern Brazil suggests that human cases of malaria of simian origin might be expected. AB - By staining females of Anopheles cruzi with fluorescent coloured powders in a forest in the State of Santa Catarina, we showed that they move from canopy to ground and vice-versa to feed. This suggests that in areas where this mosquito is a vector of human and simian malarias sporadic infections of man with monkey plasmodia might be expected. PMID- 6533422 TI - [Antimicrobial biotypes and colicine types: potential epidemiological markers of Salmonella agona]. AB - With the purpose of characterizing epidemiologic markers, 240 strains of S. agona isolated from differents sources (man, food and environment) and obtained from five Brazilian States (Minas Gerais, Sao Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Pernambuco and Rio Grande do Sul) were analysed. The susceptibility to 15 antimicrobial agents and numeric codification of the resistance profiles allowed us to recognize 56 antibiotic resistance biotypes, while 40 strains were able to produce colicine, belonging to the types: Ia (55%); B (32.5%); Ib (10%) and untypable (2.5%). The application of these elements into intra-serotype differentiation is discussed. PMID- 6533423 TI - Natural infection of the opossum Didelphis albiventris (Marsupialia, Didelphidae) with Leishmania donovani, in Brazil. AB - An opossum, Didelphis albiventris, from Jacobina, Bahia State, was found naturally infected with Leishmania donovani, being the first non-canid wild mammal to be detected with the agent of kala-azar in the New World. PMID- 6533424 TI - Pictorial rehearsal. PMID- 6533425 TI - Facilitation of auditory word recognition. PMID- 6533426 TI - Dual processes in recognition and in recognition failure. PMID- 6533427 TI - The effects of auditory and visual interference on the immediate recall of melody. PMID- 6533428 TI - A word's meaning affects the decision in lexical decision. PMID- 6533429 TI - Enumeration of dots: an eye movement analysis. PMID- 6533430 TI - Division of attention: age differences on a visually presented memory task. PMID- 6533431 TI - Proofreading familiar text: allocating resources to perceptual and conceptual processes. PMID- 6533432 TI - Individual differences in event memory: a case for nonstrategic factors. PMID- 6533433 TI - The relation of physiological changes to subjective symptoms in postmenopausal women with and without hot flushes. AB - This study was designed to fully correlate the temporal relationship between augmented digital perfusion, (vasodilatation) and hot flushes, peripheral temperature, plasma luteinizing hormone, (LH) epinephrine and norepinephrine. Plasma samples were measured every 3 min for 2-4 h, in 5 symptomatic women before and after estrogen replacement and in 3 asymptomatic post-menopausal women. In all 5 symptomatic women the augmented digital perfusion occurred at a mean (+/- SEM) of 1.5 +/- 0.2 min before the initiation of the flush, at least 3 min before the initial rise in temperature and 9 min before the LH rise. There was a significant (P less than 0.05) rise in epinephrine but not norepinephrine at 3 and 6 min after the initiation of augmented digital perfusion. Although subjective improvement occurred in all 3 women receiving estrogen, all measured parameters disappeared in only 1 subject and the 2 others continued having augmented digital perfusion, flushes, and temperature vasomotor changes although the related LH increase was absent. Surprisingly, asymptomatic women who never received estrogens also demonstrated similar augmented digital perfusion and temperature changes, but failed to show the LH related rise, as observed in women with short-term estrogen treatment. In conclusion, these results demonstrate that augmented digital perfusion consistently precedes the hot flush, the rise in temperature and plasma LH in symptomatic post-menopausal women. The increase in epinephrine may be a homeostatic mechanism to compensate for the peripheral vasodilatation. The finding that augmented digital perfusion and temperature changes also occur in asymptomatic post-menopausal women indicates that objective changes are more specific and reliable indicators of vasomotor instability than the subjective sensation of hot flushes. PMID- 6533435 TI - Life stress and hysterectomy-oophorectomy. AB - The effects of hysterectomy--oophorectomy and life stress in regard to physical and psychological discomfort were investigated. Oophorectomized women reported more physical complaints and more frequent loss of sexual interest than a control group of cholecystectomized women. No differences between the groups were seen as regards general discomfort, anxiety and depression. In both oophorectomized and cholecystectomized women life stress contributed to general discomfort, anxiety and physical complaints. PMID- 6533434 TI - Androgen and estrogen dynamics in women with vertebral crush fractures. AB - Using constant infusions of [3H]androgen/[14C]estrogen we measured metabolic clearance and production rates and aromatization of androgens to estrogens in post-menopausal women with vertebral crush fractures and compared these results to similar measurements in a similar population of post-menopausal women who did not have vertebral crush fractures. The mean +/- SEM values for the metabolic clearance rates of testosterone and estrone, 220 +/- 10 and 880 +/- 50 1/day per m2, were significantly less in the crush fracture group than the respective mean values in the control group, 280 +/- 15 and 1110 +/- 70 1/day per m2. The mean concentration of estradiol was higher in the crush fracture group, 18 +/- 2 pg/ml, compared to that in the control group, 13 +/- 1 pg/ml. However, for the crush fracture group the mean blood production rates of both androstenedione, 0.7 +/- 0.1 mg/day, and testosterone, 56 +/- 9 micrograms/day, were significantly less than the respective values in the control group, 1.2 +/- 0.2 mg/day and 115 +/- 15 micrograms/day. The production rates for estrone and estradiol were not different for the two groups. In addition the mean value for the fraction of adrostenedione converted to testosterone ( [rho]A, T BB) was lower in the crush fracture, 0.030 +/- 0.002 compared to the control group, 0.041 +/- 0.004. Thus the amount of biologically available androgen is less in the vertebral crush fracture group than in the control group. However, since these measurements represent an isolated point temporally removed from major changes in bone morphology, their exact relationship to the crush fracture and osteoporotic process remains uncertain. PMID- 6533436 TI - The climacteric in Bandung, West Java province, Indonesia. A survey of 1025 women between 40-55 years of age. PMID- 6533437 TI - Effect of subdermal oestrogen and oestrogen/testosterone implants on calcium and phosphorus homeostasis after oophorectomy. AB - Various biochemical aspects of calcium metabolism were studied serially in 32 post-menopausal patients treated with subdermal implants of oestrogen, either alone or in combination with testosterone. Significant reductions in serum calcium, serum phosphate, the renal phosphate threshold (TmPO4) and the urinary calcium/creatinine ratio were observed for periods of up to 6 mth in both treatment groups as compared with baseline. The findings suggest that oestrogen replacement therapy by subdermal implant is effective in reversing the characteristic alterations in calcium metabolism which occur in the post menopausal patient. The addition of testosterone does not appear to confer any additional benefit with respect to the parameters assessed. PMID- 6533438 TI - Climacteric symptoms in an unselected sample of Swedish women. AB - A questionnaire on climacteric symptoms was sent to every woman living in the city of Linkoping, Sweden (120,000 inhabitants) who was born in 1928 or 1930. Of the 1246 women concerned, 1118 (90%) responded. At the time of the survey, 252 women (23%) were pre-menopausal. In the total sample, 10% had undergone hysterectomy and/or bilateral oophorectomy. The median age at natural menopause was 51 yr. Climacteric symptoms were reported by 75% of the women, the predominating complaints being sweating attacks and hot flushes. Vaginal dryness and tenderness were experienced by 30% of the post-menopausal women, the discomfort tending to become more common as the duration of the post-menopausal period lengthened. After the menopause, every third women experienced periods of depression more often than previously. Depression was positively correlated to the severity of the vasomotor symptoms. Fifty percent of the women expressed interest in receiving oestrogen treatment, although only 7% were using oestrogens at the time of the survey. This discrepancy is probably due to widespread apprehension in Swedish society - shared by the doctors - in regard to 'hormonal treatment'. PMID- 6533439 TI - Preparation of complement fixation antigen of Chlamydia psittaci grown in tissue culture by treatment with beta-propiolactone. AB - A new method of preparing a chlamydial complement fixation (CF) antigen by treatment with beta-propiolactone (BPL) is presented. Chlamydia psittaci strains Pigeon-1041 and Budgerigar-No. 1, and Chlamydia trachomatis strain L2/434/BU, propagated in L-929 cell monolayers, were inactivated with BPL. This BPL-treated antigen was useful for detecting CF antibodies in both human and pigeon sera, and it did not cause false-positive reactions, as are sometimes observed between some human sera and phenol-treated antigen derived from eggs. When this CF antigen was treated with potassium periodate and tested for reactivity with mouse immune ascitic fluid, it was found that the antigen contained type- or strain specificity as well as genus specificity. Immunization with the BPL-treated antigen elicited type- or strain-specific neutralizing antibody. PMID- 6533441 TI - Demonstration of protective antigen carried by flagella of Clostridium chauvoei. AB - The protective antigen present on the flagella of Clostridium chauvoei was studied by the mouse protection test. A partially purified flagella preparation (PPF) showed protective antigenicity after two intraperitoneal injections of 2 micrograms as protein, while the protective antigenicity of nonflagellated mutants (NFM) was 100-fold less than that of the flagellated parent strain. Although the protective effect of antisera against the whole cells and PPF, in terms of ED50 values, was mostly lost after absorption with the parent strain, that of antisera after absorption with NFMs showed no appreciable loss. These results suggest that the flagella of Cl. chauvoei play some role in inducing protective immunity in mice. PMID- 6533440 TI - Cross wall synthesis and the arrangement of the wall polymers in the cell wall of Staphylococcus spp. AB - The growing process and the fine structure of the cross wall of Staphylococcus were investigated by electron microscopy. Examination of the tangentially sectioned cross wall revealed that it was initially synthesized as a thin cell wall layer by an invaginated cytoplasmic membrane. The wall thickness soon increased by additional synthesis of the wall from the cytoplasmic membrane located at the side region of the cross wall. Scanning electron microscopic observation of sodium dodecyl sulfate-treated and mechanically separated cross walls revealed that the outer surface of the cross wall exhibits regular circular structures and the inner surface showed has an irregular surface. This indicates that cell wall materials were arranged in a regular circular manner in the initially synthesized thin layer. It is conceivable that in Staphylococcus spp. two cell wall synthesizing systems are present: wall-elongation synthesis in which wall materials are arranged in a regular circular manner and wall thickening synthesis in which wall materials are arranged in an irregular manner. PMID- 6533442 TI - Development of DTH skin reaction to HBsAg in individuals immunized with HB vaccine. AB - To examine the temporal relationship between the DTH skin reaction to HBsAg and antibody response to HBsAg, serial skin tests for HBsAg were carried out on seven individuals immunized with HB vaccine. All cases developed both a skin reaction and antibody response. In many cases, the DTH skin reaction appeared four weeks before the antibody response. These data suggest that DTH skin reaction may be a more sensitive method than humoral antibody assessment for monitoring the success of vaccination. PMID- 6533443 TI - [EEC directive on the protection of workers against asbestos. Scientific motivations and problems in application related to the measurement of air dispersed asbestos]. PMID- 6533444 TI - [Considerations on a regional inter-laboratory quality control program for the determination of blood levels of lead]. PMID- 6533445 TI - [Can tinnitus in noise-induced hearing loss be objectively evaluated?]. PMID- 6533446 TI - [Protection of workers against non-ionizing electromagnetic radiation: examples of improvements in radiofrequency equipment in the plastic, wood and metallurgy industries]. PMID- 6533447 TI - [Mortality among workers in a tannery]. PMID- 6533448 TI - An investigation on the prevalence of byssinosis in three Greek spinning mills. PMID- 6533449 TI - [Report of a case of Zieve's syndrome: possible relation to occupational exposure to industrial poisons]. PMID- 6533450 TI - [Evaluation of hematologic indices of lipid metabolism in children in stages II and III of childhood and their correlation with family history]. PMID- 6533451 TI - [Results of tympanometry in infantile allergic rhinopathy]. PMID- 6533452 TI - [Risk factors for cranial injuries in growing children: experience in Trieste]. PMID- 6533453 TI - [The day hospital in pediatric surgery]. PMID- 6533454 TI - [Feeding: epidemiologic study of sample of infants in the Turin area]. PMID- 6533455 TI - [Sports and child nutrition]. PMID- 6533456 TI - [Weaning in the Turin area. Epidemiologic study]. PMID- 6533457 TI - [Massive hepatic steatosis in the infant with mucoviscidosis]. PMID- 6533458 TI - [Efficacy of glucagon in the treatment of neonatal hypoglycemia]. PMID- 6533459 TI - [Children and pets: pediatric problems]. PMID- 6533460 TI - [Epidemiologic study on blood pressure in a group of 11 to 13-year-old children]. PMID- 6533461 TI - [Surveillance of congenital malformations. Experience relative to the period from December, 1978 to December, 1981]. PMID- 6533462 TI - [Hepato-diaphragmatic dysmorphism. Description of a clinical case]. PMID- 6533463 TI - [Treatment problems in mandibular fractures in growing children]. PMID- 6533464 TI - [Pituitary-thyroid function and incidence of hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism during chronic treatment with amiodarone]. PMID- 6533465 TI - [Thyroid and adrenal responses to acute stimulation with HCG. Effects of bilateral orchiectomy]. PMID- 6533466 TI - [Gas chromatographic separation of urinary 17-ketosteroids in children]. PMID- 6533468 TI - [Turner's syndrome with aortic insufficiency and intestinal telangiectasis]. PMID- 6533467 TI - [Plasma immunoreactive calcitonin in acute and chronic lung diseases]. PMID- 6533470 TI - Symposium on movement disorders. PMID- 6533469 TI - [Normotensive hypermineralocorticism caused by abusive use of a nasal spray containing 9 alpha-fluoroprednisolone]. PMID- 6533472 TI - Disorderly walks. AB - The author provides a quantitative language for analysis of metric and structural errors in walking and divides motor disturbances into program and nonprogram disorders. There is extensive discussion of treatable ataxias. PMID- 6533471 TI - Multiple system atrophy. Clinical aspects, pathophysiology, and treatment. AB - Progressive autonomic failure is a clinical syndrome of autonomic dysfunction that may occur in isolation as in idiopathic orthostatic hypotension (IOH) or in association with a central neurologic disorder, multiple system atrophy (MSA). MSA and IOH can be distinguished on the basis of biochemical and pharmacologic tests. Plasma norepinephrine levels are low in IOH and normal in MSA; neither group increases the plasma norepinephrine level adequately in response to postural change. Both MSA and IOH manifest an exaggerated pressor response to administered norepinephrine. However, only patients with IOH have true adrenergic receptor supersensitivity. The autonomic dysfunction in IOH primarily involves the peripheral autonomic neurons whereas the defect in MSA is the failure to activate appropriately an intact distal sympathetic nervous system. Neuropathologic studies reveal a multisystem degeneration in MSA; the few postmortem examinations of the central nervous system in IOH reveal lesions confined to the intermediolateral columns of the spinal cord. Orthostatic hypotension may be treated with a number of medications although supine hypertension limits the usefulness of these drugs. Further development and testing of a sympathetic neural prosthesis may help to resolve this therapeutic dilemma. Only the parkinsonian features in MSA respond to treatment with anticholinergic drugs. PMID- 6533473 TI - [Natural history of Opalski's cells]. PMID- 6533474 TI - [Clinical picture of sub-bulbar Opalski's syndrome]. PMID- 6533476 TI - [Rare vascular diseases of the brain stem. The "locked-in" syndrome]. PMID- 6533475 TI - [Changes in the structure of cerebral ventricular walls in children as a result of damage to immature white matter]. PMID- 6533477 TI - [Clinical symptoms of thalamic hemorrhages]. PMID- 6533478 TI - [Incidence and topography of thalamic hemorrhages]. PMID- 6533479 TI - [Concerning the so-called vascularization border areas in the thalamus and brain stem]. PMID- 6533480 TI - [Morphological picture of encephalomalacia focus in old age]. PMID- 6533481 TI - [Characteristics of arteriosclerosis of brain stem arteries in patients with diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 6533482 TI - [Premature rupture of the membranes at the end of pregnancy. Results of immediate induction of labor]. PMID- 6533483 TI - [Incidence of chromosomal aberrations and isochromatin exchange in lymphocytes of women with breast cancer]. PMID- 6533484 TI - [Hysteroscopy in the morphologic and functional study of the fallopian tubes]. PMID- 6533485 TI - [Hysteroscopic findings in the evaluation of the morphofunctional changes in the endometrium at various stages of the cycle]. PMID- 6533486 TI - [Endometrial hyporeceptive and hyperreceptive states detected hysteroscopically]. PMID- 6533487 TI - [Clinico-statistical contribution to a modern classification of colposcopic states and images]. PMID- 6533489 TI - [Radiological findings in cervical carcinoma]. PMID- 6533488 TI - [Cervicovaginal and endometrial cytology in women fitted with intrauterine devices]. PMID- 6533490 TI - [Plastic and reconstructive surgery of the breast in gynecology]. PMID- 6533492 TI - [The clindamycin-gentamicin combination for antibiotic prophylaxis in gynecologic surgery]. PMID- 6533491 TI - [Vaginal infections of mixed etiology. Clinical importance and study of the efficacy and tolerability of 2 different treatments (25,000 I.U. mepartricin vaginal tablets and 100 mg. clotrimazole vaginal tablets)]. PMID- 6533493 TI - [Case of infertility caused by a functioning tumor of the adrenal cortex]. PMID- 6533494 TI - [Clinical experience with the continuous intravenous infusion of insulin in an elderly diabetic primigravida]. PMID- 6533495 TI - [Prolactin-secreting macroadenoma in pregnancy. Critical review and presentation of a clinical case]. PMID- 6533496 TI - Imaging of phaeochromocytoma and adrenal medulla with 123I-meta-iodobenzyl guanidine. AB - A method for preparing meta-iodobenzyl guanidine (MIBG) labelled with 123I is described. This compound clearly imaged the normal adrenal medulla in seven out of eight patients with hypertension. The sites of metastases were demonstrated in two patients with malignant phaeochromocytoma. PMID- 6533497 TI - Successful imaging in paediatrics. PMID- 6533498 TI - A European association of nuclear medicine. PMID- 6533499 TI - Ovarian cancer: diagnosis using 123I monoclonal antibody in comparison with surgical findings. PMID- 6533500 TI - Hepatic uptake and fate of 123I-and 14C-fatty acids in normal and ethanolic mice. PMID- 6533501 TI - International symposium on immunoscintigraphy: pre-congress symposium of the European Nuclear Medicine Congress 1984. Saariselka, Lapland, 10-12 August, 1984. Abstracts. PMID- 6533502 TI - Stereological analysis of smooth endoplasmic reticulum and peroxisome proliferation in hepatocytes from neonatal and adult mice after phenobarbital administration. PMID- 6533503 TI - Histochemical study of secretory and ciliated cells from rabbit oviduct epithelium using the lectin-differences in concanavalin A reactivity of secretory cells depending on oviductal location. PMID- 6533504 TI - Two circumflex humeral arteries in the arm, with special reference to their communications. PMID- 6533505 TI - Developmental changes in the cecal mucosa of the Afghan pika (Ochotona rufescens rufescens): a comparison with the rabbit. PMID- 6533506 TI - The response of Vaal River drift and benthos to Simulium (Diptera: Nematocera) control using Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (H-14). AB - Two trials to test the efficacy of Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner var. israelensis de Barjac (serotype H-14) against target simuliid and non-target aquatic invertebrates were undertaken in the Vaal River near Warrenton in South Africa. In the 1st trail an application of 1,6 ppm/10 min of B. thuringiensis resulted in a significant (P less than 0,05) reduction of simuliid larvae in rapids 70 m below the treatment point 40 hours after its application. Further downstream the larvicide was ineffectual because the low flow of the river (6 m3/s) allowed the Bacillus pores to settle out in calmer stretches. The 2nd trial was carried out upstream of small rapids with a calculated flow of 0,5 m3/s at a spore concentration of 2,3 ppm/7 min. The effect of B. thuringiensis on the benthic population density and drift activity of the benthos was recorded. A high mortality of simuliid larvae and Ephemeroptera was observed 35 m below the application point 9 hours after the application of the larvicide. The mortality in Ephemeroptera was partially due to the handling of these animals. Population densities of simuliid larvae in the treated rapids decreased 18 hours after application of the larvicide, but small simuliid larvae showed a numerical increase again after 72 hours, indicating rapid recolonization from drifting larvae. Tanytarsine Chironomidae decreased after the application of B. thuringiensis, but most other fauna either increased or did not decrease significantly (P greater than 0,05). Within 43 minutes after treatment of the rapids with the larvicide, simuliid drift increased more than sixtyfold, revealing the immediate irritating effect of the product on the target organisms.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6533507 TI - The helminth fauna of the digestive tracts of chacma baboons, Papio ursinus, from different localities in the Transvaal. AB - All of the 111 baboons examined from the Loskop Dam, Suikerbosrand and Scrutton Nature Reserves and the Sabie-Tweefontein Forest Reserve were infested with helminths of the digestive tract. The helminths recovered were Bertiella studeri, Enterobius vermicularis, Oesophagostomum bifurcum, Physaloptera caucasica, Streptopharagus pigmentatus, Strongyloides fulleborni, Trichostrongylus falculatus, Trichuris trichiura and females of Trichuris which possibly belong to a new species. Most baboons harboured 3, and some as many as 6, species of helminths. Burdens of the various helminths varied greatly, even among baboons from the same locality, age group and sex. All helminths found in the present study can occur in very young animals. Worm burdens generally increased as the host aged, with a subsequent decrease among adult baboons for Enterobius vermicularis, Strongyloides fulleborni and Trichostrongylus falculatus. Heavier worm burdens were found in the wet season for Bertiella studeri and Oesophagostomum bifurcum, whereas Trichostrongylus falculatus occurred in greater numbers during the dry season. No significant differences between worm burdens in male and female baboons were found, but Physaloptera caucasica was more prevalent in males. Trichostrongylus falculatus and Enterobius vermicularis are new records for the chacma baboon. PMID- 6533508 TI - Records of the bont tick, Amblyomma hebraeum, from the angulate tortoise, Chersina angulata, and the leopard tortoise, Geochelone pardalis. AB - A. hebraeum nymphae were found on 4 angulate tortoises and 13 leopard tortoises in the Addo Elephant National Park, Eastern Cape Province. Adults of this species were collected for the 1st time from a leopard tortoise in the Mkuze Game Reserve, Natal. The significance of this finding, in relation to the normal host preferences of this tick, is briefly discussed. PMID- 6533509 TI - Seasonal prevalence of ixodid ticks on cattle in the Windhoek District of South West Africa/Namibia. AB - The seasonal prevalence of ixodid ticks was determined over a 2-year period by the weekly removal from at least 5 cattle of all adult ticks and the immature stages of Rhipicephalus evertsi mimeticus in the ears. The highest mean weekly burden was 286,6 adult ticks/cow/week in March 1979, and the lowest 6,9 adult ticks/cow/week in July 1979. Virtually no tick control is practised in this area. Rhipicephalus capensis group adults peaked in the summer from October to March/April. Rhipicephalus evertsi mimeticus adults were present throughout the year, though in slightly greater numbers from November to May. Immature stages of this species in the ears showed a peak in February/March in addition to variably timed high peaks in the first 2 winters. Hyalomma marginatum rufipes and Hyalomma truncatum peaked from December to March. Very small numbers of Boophilus decoloratus and Rhipicephalus oculatus were recovered. Tick burdens of all major species differed significantly in the 2 study years. PMID- 6533510 TI - Arthropod parasites of Hartmann's mountain zebra, Equus zebra hartmannae, in South West Africa/Namibia. AB - Twelve Hartmann's mountain zebra, Equus zebra hartmannae, were shot for arthropod parasite recovery during the period June 1980-June 1981 on a farm in the Khomas Hochland region of South West Africa/Namibia. Four species of Gasterophilus larvae, 1 species of Rhinoestrus larvae and 3 ixodid tick species were recovered. The seasonal prevalence of the Gasterophilus species larvae and of Rhipicephalus evertsi mimeticus was determined. Three horses examined on the same farm were infested with larvae of 2 Gasterophilus species and with the same ixodid tick species as the zebras. PMID- 6533511 TI - Formulation of an effective Pasteurella multocida vaccine for sheep. AB - An effective vaccine for the immunization of sheep against Pasteurella multocida infection was prepared from P. multocida Strain D4 (Type D) and a selected strain of P. multocida Type A. Provided an adequate concentration of bacteria was used, the vaccine thus formulated induced antibodies in sheep that protected mice not only against the vaccine strains but also against infection by a number of heterologous Type A and Type D strains as well as untypable strains. A locally prepared A1(OH)3 gel was found to be an effective adjuvant. PMID- 6533512 TI - Investigations into the volatility of female pheromones and the aggregation inducing property of guanine in Argas (Persicargas) walkerae. AB - During investigations into the volatility of female pheromones of A. walkerae in a Y-shaped olfactometer, engorged conspecific male ticks responded weakly both to female-contacted filter paper discs and to intact females enclosed in nylon bags. In tests in which female-contacted filter paper discs were separated from engorged male ticks by means of a screen, no aggregation was observed. However, replete male ticks showed a vigorous response to liquefied air and hexane-trapped volatiles collected from intact females. Guanine showed a potent aggregation attraction for engorged and unfed larvae and 1st and 2nd stage nymphal ticks as well as for male and female imagines of A. walkerae over a wide concentration range. It is concluded that at least 2 pheromones, 1 volatile and 1 non-volatile, are operative in the communication system of this tick species. PMID- 6533513 TI - Immunity against genital infection by Histophilus ovis in rams. AB - Rams have been immunized against an infection of their genitalia by Histophilus ovis. An alum-precipitated antigen and an antigen plus Freund's complete adjuvant proved equally effective. An injection of live H. ovis into the epididymal tissue proved to be a better method of challenging immunity than an injection into the vas deferens. It was shown that cell-mediated immunity, as evidenced by tests for lymphocyte transformation, the presence of a macrophage migration inhibition factor and a delayed hypersensitivity skin reaction did not play a role in the resistance, nor did specific IgG antibodies have any protective influence. It was shown that neutrophils play a cardinal role in the immunity against H. ovis infection in so far as they phagocytize and destroy the organisms and are attracted to them by chemotaxis in immune animals. PMID- 6533514 TI - Methods of infesting sheep with gastro-intestinal nematodes after cryopreservation: dosing of larvae in gelatin capsules compared to dosing of larvae in water suspension. AB - Cryopreservation of the infective larvae (L3) of nematodes is being used increasingly for the routine maintenance of pure strains of nematodes in the laboratory. Gelatin capsules are frequently used to administer the L3 of nematodes to sheep, but with some nematode species this method usually does not give good results with cryopreserved larvae. The development in sheep of cryopreserved L3 of Trichostrongylus spp. and other ovine nematodes was compared when the larvae were administered either in a suspension or in gelatin capsules with or without the use of CuSO4 to stimulate the oesophageal groove reflex. Significantly larger numbers of cryopreserved L3 developed when dosed per os in suspension than when the L3 were dosed in gelatin capsules. Stimulation of the oesophageal groove did not appear to affect the numbers of worms that developed from L3 dosed in suspension. It is speculated that L3 in suspension bypass the rumen to go directly into the abomasum, while those in gelatin capsules enter the rumen, thus closely approximating the natural infestation of grazing ruminants. In these trials, however, only cryopreserved L3 were used. Sufficient numbers of cryopreserved L3 of Trichostrongylus falculatus and T. colubriformis in suspension developed, so that it seems unlikely that laparotomy will be required for routine infestations in the laboratory. PMID- 6533515 TI - The relation of climate and topography to worm egg counts of gastro-intestinal nematodes of sheep in the Eastern Cape. AB - Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Ostertagia and Nematodirus worm populations of sheep based on differential egg counts are considered in relation to climatological and topographical data. Late spring, summer and early autumn rainfalls are related to ground slope to assess wetness. Egg counts indicated that the estimated worm populations in animals in flat areas with low rainfall were as heavy as or heavier than in animals on steep hilly areas with a high rainfall. It is proposed that tactical anthelmintic treatment be based on the degree of wetness of the grazing or farm. PMID- 6533516 TI - Studies on the parasites of zebras. IV. Cylicodontophorus reineckei n.sp. (Nematoda: Strongylidae) from the Burchell's zebra, Equus burchelli antiquorum H. Smith, 1841 and the mountain zebra, Equus zebra hartmannae Matschie, 1898. AB - A new species of nematode, Cylicodontophorus reineckei, was collected from Burchell's zebra, Equus burchelli antiquorum H. Smith, 1841, in both the Etosha National and Kruger National Parks and from mountain zebra, Equus zebra hartmannae Matschie, 1898, in the Namib Naukluft Park in South West Africa/Namibia. These nematodes have an external leaf-crown with longer elements than those of the internal leaf-crown and a well-developed dorsal gutter. The very well-developed oesophageal funnel is both wider and deeper than the buccal capsule. PMID- 6533517 TI - An improved Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis vaccine for sheep. AB - Extensive experiments in mice confirmed that the immunogenicity of a Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis vaccine could not be significantly improved with the use of various adjuvants. Immunity against C. pseudotuberculosis likewise could not be enhanced by incorporating various immunostimulants into the vaccine or by the use of live vaccines. However, a combination of aluminium hydroxide gel and saponin as adjuvant did have a beneficial effect. This vaccine was tolerated better, and a smaller dose apparently protected sheep more effectively against intralymph node challenge than the currently available alum precipitated vaccine. PMID- 6533518 TI - The acquisition of immunity to Histophilus ovis by sheep in nature. AB - It was demonstrated that skin wound infection with Histophilus ovis elicits an immune response which can protect a ram against a challenge injection of the same organism into its epididymis. PMID- 6533519 TI - A tremorgenic mycotoxicosis of cattle caused by maize sprouts infested with Aspergillus clavatus. AB - An outbreak of disease affecting a herd of 16 dairy cattle which were fed mouldy, sprouted maize is described. Eight of the cattle were affected, 5 of which died. The clinical signs included muscular tremors, hypersensitivity, ataxia, anorexia and salivation. Aspergillus clavatus was the only fungus isolated from the sprouts. Clinical signs that were indistinguishable from those in the field outbreak were reproduced by dosing the mouldy maize sprouts to a steer and a sheep, and by dosing another sheep with maize inoculated with a pure culture of A. clavatus isolated from the mouldy maize on the farm. Light microscopical examination revealed neuronal degeneration and necrosis in the midbrain, medulla oblongata and spinal cord of all 3 of these animals. The disease is clinically and pathologically indistinguishable from the disease caused by the ingestion of sorghum beer residue, and in certain respects it is similar to toxicoses caused by the ingestion of wheat sprouts and malt sprouts infested with A. clavatus. PMID- 6533520 TI - Colostrum-derived antibodies to Cowdria ruminantium in the serum of calves and lambs. AB - Antibodies to Cowdria ruminantium were detected in the serum of calves born from artificially immunized heifers, by means of the indirect fluorescent antibody test, only for as long as 4 weeks after birth. Lambs born from artificially immunized ewes, however, were still serologically positive at 8-12 weeks of age. Much higher antibody titres were recorded in the sera of ewes and their lambs than in that of heifers and their calves. PMID- 6533521 TI - Resistance of sheep to poisoning by The plant, Marticaria nigellifolia DC. AB - The plant, Matricaria nigellifolia, was dosed to 2 sheep to reinvestigate whether or not sheep are susceptible to pushing disease ("stootsiekte"). Each sheep received a total dose of 370 g/kg of the milled, dried plant from a batch that had caused pushing disease in cattle when given at doses as low as 10 g/kg. Neither of the sheep developed clinical disease over the trial period of 60 days, and necropsies revealed no macro- or microscopical lesions. Sheep are apparently resistant to pushing disease, which supports previous findings. PMID- 6533522 TI - [Electron microscopy in long-term ozena]. PMID- 6533523 TI - [Wegener's granulomatosis with fulminant course]. PMID- 6533524 TI - [Usefulness of toluidine blue in the microlaryngological diagnosis of laryngeal cancer. I. Clinical studies]. PMID- 6533525 TI - [Sarcomas of the head and neck]. PMID- 6533526 TI - [Geography of the incidence of malignant laryngeal neoplasms in Katowice province 1965-1974]. PMID- 6533527 TI - [Familial occurrence of Quincke's edema]. PMID- 6533528 TI - [Hemostasis system in patients with Quincke's edema before and after treatment with epsilon-aminocaproic acid]. PMID- 6533529 TI - [Weight- and height-related hydroxyproline level in children before and after adenoidectomy]. PMID- 6533530 TI - [Provocation tests in the diagnosis of allergy of the upper respiratory tract]. PMID- 6533531 TI - [Case of epithelial cyst of the uvula situated in the nasopharynx in a newborn infant]. PMID- 6533532 TI - [Rare case of degenerative changes in the middle ear in osteogenesis imperfecta]. PMID- 6533533 TI - [The clinical electrorhinospirograph]. PMID- 6533534 TI - [Skin temperature of newborn infants under thermoneutral conditions]. PMID- 6533535 TI - [Comparative studies of dysplasia markers in newborn infants in relation to a normal population]. PMID- 6533536 TI - [Radiomorphometric skeletal study in the differential diagnosis of endocrine dwarfism in children]. PMID- 6533537 TI - [Sonographic detection of solid intracerebral tumors in infancy]. PMID- 6533538 TI - [10 years' genetic counseling in the pediatric clinic of the Magdeburg Medical Academy]. PMID- 6533539 TI - [Methodological studies for the determination of creatine kinase activity in cerebrospinal fluid]. PMID- 6533540 TI - [Development of dispensary care of children with chronic and recurrent bronchopulmonary diseases in the district of Dresden]. PMID- 6533541 TI - [Method of mucociliary clearance measurement in children using the radio-aerosol technic]. PMID- 6533542 TI - [Mucociliary clearance in children with healthy lung]. PMID- 6533543 TI - [Personal experiences in the treatment of hemolytic-uremic syndromes in childhood]. PMID- 6533544 TI - [Blood and serum iron values in children in day care centers with reference to preventive iron administration]. PMID- 6533545 TI - [Retrospective study of the course of neuroblastoma since 1970 from the pediatric, pediatric surgical and radiologic viewpoint]. PMID- 6533546 TI - Inflammatory aspects of the aneurysms of the abdominal aorta. A clinicopathological study. PMID- 6533547 TI - Intraoperative choledochoscopy: an experience of five years. PMID- 6533548 TI - Body surface as determinant of blood pressure in children. PMID- 6533549 TI - Correlated prolactin levels in foetus, mother and amniotic fluid. A comparative study on twins and newborns of different weights and gestational ages. PMID- 6533550 TI - A new skin incision proposed for use in radical mastectomies. PMID- 6533551 TI - Efficacy of calcitonin in the prevention of experimental osteoporosis. PMID- 6533552 TI - Effect of bombesin administration on serum immunoreactive trypsin in patients with pancreatic carcinoma. PMID- 6533553 TI - Administration of vitamin E in heterozygous beta-thalassaemia: the effect on red blood cell survival. PMID- 6533555 TI - [Effect of a helium-oxygen mixture on maximal expiratory flow rate in children with bronchial asthma]. PMID- 6533554 TI - Serum 25(OH)D3 in the Apulian population (Southern Italy). Epidemiologic study. PMID- 6533556 TI - [Effect of ketotifen (zaditen) on the clinical course of bronchial asthma and obstructive bronchitis in children]. PMID- 6533557 TI - [Polycardiographic evaluation of left-ventricular contraction periods in children with pneumonia]. PMID- 6533558 TI - [Urinary excretion of catecholamines in children with functional disorders of the digestive system]. PMID- 6533559 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of spermatic cord torsion in children]. PMID- 6533560 TI - [Rare forms of congenital diaphragmatic hernia and diaphragmatic relaxation in neonates and infants]. PMID- 6533561 TI - [Congenital methemoglobinemia with central nervous system damage caused by generalized deficiency of NADH-dependent methemoglobin reductase in a 2-year-old Polish girl]. PMID- 6533562 TI - [Addison's disease in a 13-year-old boy]. PMID- 6533563 TI - [Lymphangiomas in children]. PMID- 6533564 TI - Temporal brightness enhancement: studies of individual differences. PMID- 6533565 TI - Discrimination of reproducible noise as a function of bandwidth and duration. PMID- 6533566 TI - The structure of the initial cohort: evidence from gating. PMID- 6533567 TI - Contour interaction as a function of retinal eccentricity. PMID- 6533568 TI - Meridional anisotropy of spatial displacement detection. PMID- 6533569 TI - Reaction time to a tone in noise as a function of the signal-to-noise ratio and tone level. PMID- 6533570 TI - Sensorimotor mechanisms in weight discrimination. PMID- 6533571 TI - Sensory effects of eyepress are due to efference. PMID- 6533572 TI - Perception of inflation: polynomial not exponential. PMID- 6533573 TI - Stereopsis from kinetic and flicker edges. PMID- 6533574 TI - Implications of OKN suppression by smooth pursuit for induced motion. PMID- 6533576 TI - [Tuberculosis, with special reference to its prevention]. PMID- 6533575 TI - [Address of the Director of the Institute of Tuberculosis]. PMID- 6533578 TI - [BCG vaccination in the Jelenia Gora province 1975-1980]. PMID- 6533577 TI - [Evaluation of BCG vaccination based on the examination of children with pulmonary tuberculosis]. PMID- 6533580 TI - [Studies on short-course chemotherapy of tuberculosis. II. Liver function during 6-month chemotherapy of tuberculosis with hydrazide, rifampicin and pyrazinamide]. PMID- 6533579 TI - [Value of registered radiophotographic studies for the detection of pulmonary tuberculosis in Wroclaw]. PMID- 6533581 TI - [Results of the treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis and the socioeconomic condition of the patients]. PMID- 6533583 TI - [Current diagnostic technics: the string test]. PMID- 6533582 TI - [Psychological resistance and the problem of the incidence and treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis in the light of empirical studies]. PMID- 6533584 TI - [Prevention of hyaline membrane disease by intraamniotic administration of thyroxine]. AB - The best management of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) is prevention. Prenatal administration of Cortico-steroids has been proved to be a valuable way for accelerating fetal lung maturation. In case of high risk pregnancy, however, where acceleration of lung maturation is most needed, there may be a relative contraindication for using steroids. According to the theory that the increase in the phospholipid component of surfactant may be mediated by intra-amniotic thyroxin administration, its use for accelerating human fetal lung maturation has been tested. Seven samples of amniotic fluid were obtained in order to determine the lung maturity in seven pathological pregnancies (pre-eclamptic toxemia, diabetes, infection, hypertension, placental insufficiency) prior to elective caesarean section. Since thyroxin does not cross the placenta, it has to be injected directly into the amniotic sac. 20 ml of clear fluid were obtained by amniocentesis prior to each injection of 250 micrograms of Levothyroxin through the same needle. Each of the infants was delivered before 34 weeks. Birth weights of the premature infants were between 1220-1870 grams. In all cases the Lecithin/Sphingomyelin Ratio (L/S) in amniotic fluid analysis was immature. After thyroxin administration L/S Ratio was mature in pharyngeal aspirate examination after delivery in 6 cases. RDS was seen in only one infant. The interval between intraamniotic administration of T4 and delivery ranged from 72 hours to 2 weeks in 6 cases. In one case with clinical and radiological signs of RDS the injection delivery interval was less than 48 hours: the L/S Ratio in pharyngeal aspirate was immature 2,8 (normal greater than 3).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6533585 TI - [Assistance procedures in the perinatal period that condition breast feeding at the time of discharge from the hospital]. AB - The authors have evaluated the influence of some obstetric events (type and duration of labour and method of delivery) and some pharmacological factors (oxytocic drugs during labour, local infiltration, duration of general anaesthesia, oxytocic drugs and/or ergot derivatives during puerperium) on frequency of breast-feeding at the time of discharge from hospital. About 57% of 356 newborns were breast-fed (wholly or prevalently) at discharge from the "A. Gemelli" University Hospital in Rome, during two months period (march-april 1981). The results showed that all those conditions requiring medical and paramedical action, either instrumental or pharmacological (such as: induced labour, prolonged labour, operative delivery either vaginal or abdominal, particularly in emergency; use of local infiltration; use of oxytocic drugs during labour, particularly for induction; prolonged general anaesthesia in caesarean section) may have an unfavorable effect, nearly always significant, on breast-feeding. According with these results, the Authors suggest the following measures for breast-feeding promotional programme: modification of neonatal routine care to promote an earlier mother-infant interaction during lying-in; limitation of avoidable obstetric procedures and of drugs giving to mothers; a better understanding of pharmacokinetics, both in mothers (placentar passage of drugs and through milk) and in newborns during labour, delivery and puerperium. PMID- 6533586 TI - [Sylvatic rabies: a pediatric problem?]. AB - Rabies epizooty has been recently reported from several Italian provinces: Bolzano, Udine, Belluno, Brescia, sondrio, Varese, Como and Bergamo. The rate of spread of the infection through wild animals has been estimated in 50 Km/year. We have reviewed the fundamental characters or rabies virus, the pathogenesis and clinical manifestations of disease. Furthermore the fundamental guidelines of passive and active immunization will be stressed with spread emphasis to the pre exposition active immunization in children-living in high risk areas. PMID- 6533587 TI - [Evaluation of the metacarpophalangeal profile (MPP) and of the dermatoglyphic pattern in Crouzon's syndrome]. AB - The evaluation of metacarpophalangeal profiles (MPP) and dermathoglyphics patterns in two families affected by Crouzon's syndrome differing from genic expressivity, showed indicative findings for brachidactyly and "broad thumb and hallux" character. These abnormalities show Crouzon's disease not to be a true craniofacial dysostosis and number it among the wide sphere of syndromes presenting acrocephalic alterations. PMID- 6533588 TI - [Hematoma of the sternocleidomastoid. Results of a non-invasive treatment in newborn infants]. AB - Nine infants with haematoma of the SCM muscle were evaluated. A review of previous reports and a comparison of the clinical features of this group of patients to ones considered in other reports is reported and a simple therapeutic program is outlined: during the first year of life, postures and simple exercises performed by the mother under the pediatrician's supervision are suggested. In the eight cases in which the therapeutic program was followed, the long-term outcome was satisfactory from both cosmetic and functional point of view. Therefore this method should be preferred during the first year of life, also taking into account the lack of negative influence on the mother-infant relationship and on the infant's neurological development. PMID- 6533589 TI - [Contribution and considerations on cranio-facial abnormalities caused by chromosomic aberrations in children]. AB - Sociological and clinical aspects concerning the craniofacial malformations resulting from chromosome abnormalities are discussed; paediatrician role in this field is pointed out. PMID- 6533590 TI - [Preparing children and their parents for surgical interventions in a reconstructive plastic surgery division]. AB - Fear of the unknown and the misunderstood increases the anxiety of patients of all ages who are going to have operations; in children fear is usually heightened by their fantasies. It is useful therefore to offer them accurate information in a way they can understand. Parents, too, can react better to their anxieties if they clearly know about the procedures to be done. In order to prepare the child patient as well as his parents for surgery, specific programs have been developed in a plastic surgical division. PMID- 6533591 TI - [Traumatic intramural hematoma of the duodenum. Description of a case]. AB - The traumatic intramural hematoma of the duodenum is the result of contusion of the retroperitoneal portion of the duodenum. This lesion occurs most frequently in children and can result in complete obstruction of the second and third portion of the duodenum. PMID- 6533592 TI - [Kawasaki's disease: description of a case]. AB - A case of Kawasaki disease, the first in Umbria (at time of diagnosis), is presented, as furthermore contribution to previously reported cases. The authors discuss the clinical and laboratory findings which have mostly characterized the disease interesting a 8-years-old girl. PMID- 6533593 TI - [A case of Flaiani-Basedow-Graves disease]. AB - The authors report a typical case of hyperthyroidism with alopecia in a 5 years old female child with family precedents. We punctualize the present etiopathogenetic theory and the therapeutical possibilities. PMID- 6533594 TI - [A case of lateral cleft lip. Embryology and surgical technic]. AB - Lateral labial cleft is exceptionally rare. This malformation gives the opportunity to evaluate its origin (following the embryology of facial segments) and its association with other deformities. Surgical treatment must reconstruct an anatomic and functional situation which must give a good aestetic result. PMID- 6533595 TI - [Atherosclerosis: a childhood problem]. AB - The project "Precursors of Atherosclerosis (ATS) in Children" following the protocol of WHO started in Modena in 1981/82. A total of 527 schoolchildren of 6, 9, 12 and 15, living in the area around Modena, Emilia Romagna Region, were examined, sampled from whole schools or classes. Each group exceeds the minimum of 100 children with the exception of the group including subjects of 15. The population sampled is fairly homogeneous. There are no immigrants to the area and the intra-population differences due to social-classes are minimal. The standard of life is very high: the rate of income is one of the highest in Italy and the incidence of ATS manifestations is very high. The children will be reexamined each year for three years at the same season and the study will be over in 1984. A questionnaire with family story has been filled by the parents and the parents were directly examined about: height, blood pressure, cholesterolemia, triglyceridemia, smoking habit. Following the protocol in each child are determined: height, weight, Quetelet's index (kg/m2), skinfold thickness, blood pressure, cholesterolemia, triglyceridemia, sexual maturity and smoking habit. The statistical elaboration methods of data are chosen in cooperation with the "Centro di Calcolo" of the University of Modena, and elaborated with the Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS) method. PMID- 6533596 TI - [Arterial hypertension in childhood. Study of a school population]. AB - Most Authors fix the upper limits of normal blood pressure at 90 degrees percentile according to age. Nevertheless in their investigations different instruments were used and they often didn't relate in detail the position of the subject during the measurement. Other factors, influencing blood pressure values, have been often left out: relation with meals, room temperature, pain, drugs, stress, etc. The prevalence of hypertension in pediatric age in literature is 0,6 - 12,4% with several intermediate values. The first very important research concerning the hypertension in pediatric age was carried out by Londe et Coll., conducted among 1593 children (785 males and 798 females); they estimated mean values and percentiles according to age and sex. In the present study the A.A. saw 346 children (161 females and 185 males), 11-15 years old, observed at school, in a comfortable room. Pressure measurement was done twice in the same morning with half an our interval. Systolic pressure, 4 degrees and 5 degrees Korotkoff tones, was noticed. 11% of the children had systolic pressure values under 50 degrees percentile, 35,3% between 50 degrees and 90 degrees percentile and 43,1% had values equal or greater than 90 degrees percentile at the first measurement. The third group went down to 30,6% (106 cases) at the control (after an half an hour). This reduction shows the importance of the emotional factors in the P.A. variations. The 106 children who had systolic and/or diastolic values equal or greater than 90 degrees percentile were controlled again after a week. 92 maintained the same values. They were called for the third sitting 1-6 months later. 45 subjects agreed to our invitation and it was possible to point out that high blood pressure values persisted in 31 children (that is 8,9% of all examined cases). Following correlations were observed: body weight-blood pressure values (either systolic or diastolic ones) and so cutaneous plica-pressure values (p less than 0,01); moreover 50% of the 31 hypertensive children had hypertensive parents; the most frequent subjective symptom (13 cases) was cephalalgia. None of the studied school children showed either clinic or biochemical abnormal data, so that it was possible to define their hypertension as "essential". PMID- 6533597 TI - [Chondroepiphyseal pathology in childhood hypothyroidism. Problems of diagnosis and prevention]. AB - Congenital hypothyroidism may present in the differential diagnosis of hypoplastic changes of the femoral heads. Failure to recognize early this entity may result in severe developmental changes. Thus, a team effort among member of different subspecialties (paediatrics, orthopedics and radiology) is necessary for prompt and effective treatment. This paper presents and discusses some cases of the disease as examples of such approach. PMID- 6533598 TI - ["Minimal" viral pneumopathies and respiratory virosis in Campagna in 1978: pathology for research]. AB - High frequency of bronchilitis, 70% of 1117 infants with respiratory infections, and clinical, radiological and laboratory features concerning partial tension of haematic gases, haematic lactate, enzymic activities of serum (CK, GPT, GOT) in 31 infants hospitalized with symptoms of shock in course of respiratory infections apparently affecting the upper respiratory tracts, are reported. This minimal respiratory pathology, evidenced in 3% of 1117 infants, defined as "minimal" viral pneumopathy, can be brought out trough a shock: lactacidosis, combined in half the cases with an increase of serum levels of CK and GPT and with normal PaO2 was ascertained in 87% of the cases. Three groups of bronchiolitis can be differentiated by haemogasanalytic monitoring: 1st group with a "serious" respiratory functional damage (hipercapnia hypoxemia), 14%. 2nd group with a "moderate" damage (normocapnia-hypoxemia), 20%. 3rd group with a "sligth" damage (hypocapnia-normoxemia), 66%. Decompensated shock is considered as a frequent occurrence and it is referred to the widespread involvement of the pulmonary circulation caused by the immunity-flogistic process. PMID- 6533599 TI - [Kawasaki's syndrome: description of 4 cases]. AB - In this study we present four cases of Kawasaki syndrome; in two of them were present some particular aspects, besides the characteristic signs of the lymphonodal-mucocutaneous syndrome. One little girl showed, during the acute phase of the disease, paralysis of facial nerve, without other signs of neurological involvement; in the second patient, the outcome of the syndrome was quite atypical, because of an osteoarticular involvement; we also observed the presence of immature white blood cells in the peripheral blood. Three of the four cases were treated with acetyl-salicylic acid for almost one year, two of them were also treated with dypiridamol. A four years follow-up, after the acute phase, demonstrated a complete recovery, a normal clinical status and no damage of the cardiocirculatory system. PMID- 6533600 TI - [Asymptomatic hematuria. Features of 11 observed cases]. AB - The management of 11 cases of asymptomatic haematuria (E.A. in text) of which 1 macroscopic and 10 microscopic, involved a very accurate investigation on family medical history (focusing on haematuria, renal failure, deafness and atopy) as well as individual anamnesis (former events of E.A., concomitant and previous upper respiratory tract infections and allergic diseases) together with all laboratory and clinical tests on kidney functions. The first six months, the 24/hrs proteinuria, the "minute count" of urinary erythrocytes and the blood pressure were tested in all patients once a month, while, during the following 18 months, 3 tests only were carried out. All the subjects presented normal renal functions; for 2 of them the intravenous urography proved to be necessary because of a renal pain concomitant with haematuria while the audiogram was required for 1 subject only. After 2 years, the microscopic E.A. is still enduring in 3 patients: 2 of them recording haematuria in familial anamnesis and 1 suffering from similar episodes, long before we studied his case. None of them had to undergo the renal biopsy which the authors take into consideration only when E.A. is higher than 10,000.000 R.C./24 hrs and associated with high proteinuria and high complement decrease or when hereditary and concomitant to deafness (high frequences only). PMID- 6533601 TI - [Fetal hydrops caused by cardiac failure in utero: description of 2 cases and pathogenetic considerations]. AB - Two cases of congestive heart failure in utero with fetal hydrops are reported. The diagnosis was made during pregnancy by means of echography. Cardiac failure, derived from supraventricular tachycardia not associated with structural anomalies of the heart, was observed in one of the patients. By digoxin administration and vagal stimulation the rhythm reverted to sinus, one hour after birth. In the second case fetal echography showed a fetus with serious bradycardia (45/min.) and ascites. On the bases of a median located and symmetric liver and of a complex heart malformation a diagnosis of "isomeric syndrome" was supposed. One hour after vaginal delivery, the newborn dead and autopsy confirmed a left isomeric syndrome with polisplenia and complex congenital cardiopathy (left ventricle and mitral hypoplasy, double outlet right ventricle, pulmonary stenosis, anomalous systemic and pulmonary venous return). PMID- 6533602 TI - [Distal renal tubular acidosis with nerve deafness]. AB - The Authors describe a case of renal tubular acidosis (type I or distal type) with neural deafness in a male child. The condition is inherited as an autosomal recessive trait. Addition of NaHCO3 and potassium to diet allowed normal growth without sequelae. Speech development was retarded because of the neurosensorial deafness, partially corrected by hearing aids. PMID- 6533603 TI - [Anesthesia in the early surgical therapy of myelomeningocele]. AB - Anaesthetic procedures in surgical repair of meningomyelocele in pediatric patients with particular reference to the problems concerning the specific pathology and the newborn age are reported. Authors consider that surgical repair in the first days of life assures a lesser incidence of leptomeningeal infections and a better functional improvement without an important increase of the anaesthetic risk. PMID- 6533604 TI - [Circular myotomy in primary anastomosis for the correction of esophageal atresia]. AB - The A. present their experience with the circular myotomy sec. Livaditis in the primary anastomosis of esophageal atresia. Six cases operated on from January 1980 to October 1982 and with a follow-up from 8 to 36 months are analysed. In all the cases there was a distal esophago-tracheal fistula. Gestational age ranged from 36 to 40 weeks and the body weight at birth from kg 1.5 to 3.9. Two patients died for reasons unrelated to the surgical correction of the esophagus (sub-arachnoid hemorrhage, VDS). Both cases at necroscopy revealed a normal esophageal anastomosis. Early an late complications of the remaining 4 cases and long term results are evaluated. In conclusion the A. support the Livaditis esophagomyotomy whenever possible and prefer this technique to the disadvantages of the two-staged esophageal repair. PMID- 6533605 TI - [Cystic renal disease in childhood]. AB - In the last five years, in the Surgery Pediatric Department and in the Pediatric Nephrology and Dialysis Service of the Florence University, have been observed 13 patients with cystic renal diseases. In every single case, for the diagnosis we have considered the age of the patients and the examinations made to them. We payed attention mostly to the echography considered the main diagnostic examination, even in prenatal age. PMID- 6533606 TI - [Conservative treatment of splenic injuries in childhood]. AB - From 1978 to 1983, 11 children with splenic traumas were observed at the Pediatric Surgery of Parma. The diagnosis was confirmed by splenic scintigraphy with 99m Technetium. Those patients whose condition was stable with intravenous fluids or blood transfusions were not operated on. Emergency laparotomy was necessary only in 3 cases of 11 patients, when the general conditions were unstable. PMID- 6533607 TI - [Visceral leishmaniasis. Practical considerations on a clinical case]. AB - A male infant with profound anemia and liver and spleen enlargement was affected by visceral Leishmaniasis. Diagnostic tests and therapeutical approach to this parasitic infection, very rare in our Region, are discussed. PMID- 6533609 TI - Sequential segmental analysis of congenital heart disease. PMID- 6533610 TI - Ebstein's malformation and the embryological development of the tricuspid valve. With a note on the nature of "clefts" in the atrioventricular valves. PMID- 6533608 TI - M-mode echocardiographic findings in children with idiopathic restrictive cardiomyopathy. AB - The M-mode echocardiographic findings in five pediatric patients, ages 4-15 years, with primary idiopathic restrictive cardiomyopathy, diagnosed by cardiac catheterization, and of 12 normal children (control group) are presented. The M mode echocardiographic findings in patients with restrictive cardiomyopathy were (1) normal left and right ventricular end-diastolic dimension, (2) normal left ventricular posterior wall and interventricular septal thickness (three patients) or mild concentric hypertrophy (two patients), (3) normal opening and closing velocity of the mitral valve, (4) consistently enlarged left atrium (more than 40 mm) in all, and (5) right ventricular systolic time intervals compatible with pulmonary artery hypertension. The left ventricular ejection phase parameters (systolic time intervals, shortening fraction, and mean velocity of circumferential fiber shortening) were normal. Left ventricular relaxation phase parameters (diastolic function) were abnormal. The isovolumic relaxation time index was prolonged, 68 +/- 40 ms (+/- SD), in the study group as compared with 11 +/- 6 ms (+/- SD) in the control group (P less than 0.001). Percent relaxation of left ventricular posterior wall endocardium at 50% of diastole was decreased, 58 +/- 4% (+/- SD), in the study group as compared with 85 +/- 6% (+/- SD) in the control group (P less than 0.005). We conclude that M-mode echocardiography provides a relatively useful and specific noninvasive method for the diagnosis of primary restrictive cardiomyopathy in pediatric patients. PMID- 6533611 TI - Single coronary artery originating from the right pulmonary artery. AB - An infant with a single coronary artery originating from the right pulmonary artery branch is the subject of this report. He survived to the age of one month possibly because of the association of two ventricular septal defects. While the pulmonary vascular resistance remained high, perfusion of the heart muscle was accomplished due to the pulmonary hypertension. The electrocardiogram did not show typical signs of infarction, but poor left ventricular contractility was observed by echocardiogram. The diagnosis was made postmortem. This specific coronary malformation has not been previously described and needs to be included in the classification of congenital coronary arteries anomalies. PMID- 6533612 TI - Mitral valve replacement in the neonate: a report of two cases. AB - Mitral valve replacement was performed in two critically ill neonates with severe mitral stenosis and regurgitation. Both patients had coexisting severe aortic stenosis previously treated by transventricular aortic valve dilatation. Preoperative echocardiography showed a mitral annulus measuring between 11 and 12 mm in diameter--too small for any of the commercially available free-standing valve prostheses. Accordingly, the porcine valve from a commercially available 12 mm external-valved conduit was removed and sutured into position. The function of the valve was satisfactory in both cases and cardiopulmonary bypass was discontinued easily with a good cardiac output established in both. Both patients died--one at 20 h and one 36 h after surgery. In each case, the immediate cause of death was acute bleeding secondary to preexisting hepatic failure and depletion of coagulation factors. At autopsy, both prostheses had been correctly placed and were competent. Left ventricular outflow tract obstruction secondary to strut imposition was not evident. Both patients were very ill preoperatively. Although neither patient survived mitral valve replacement, we were encouraged by the relative hemodynamic improvement in the immediate postoperative period. We believe that prosthetic valve replacement could become a viable therapy for the neonate with severe mitral valve abnormalities. PMID- 6533613 TI - Saccular aortic aneurysm in an asymptomatic child. AB - An asymptomatic boy was found to have coarctation of the thoracic aorta. Despite no history of endocarditis or trauma, a large saccular aneurysm involving the coarctation site was identified angiographically, confirmed, resected surgically, and examined histologically. PMID- 6533614 TI - Ductal origin of the left pulmonary artery in severe tetralogy of Fallot: problems in management. AB - Cardiac catheterization in a neonate demonstrated tetralogy of Fallot and absence of anatomic origin of the left pulmonary artery from the main pulmonary artery. A central aortopulmonary shunt was performed in order to increase pulmonary blood flow. Because of the concern that the left pulmonary artery was actually being supplied by a ductus arteriosus, repeat catheterization was performed and this revealed closure of the ductus arteriosus with obliteration of arterial supply to the left pulmonary artery. A left Blalock-Taussig shunt was subsequently performed and this reestablished blood supply to the left pulmonary artery. This case report describes problems in management of congenital heart disease with absence of anatomic origin of the left pulmonary artery from the main pulmonary artery. PMID- 6533615 TI - Prazosin for refractory cardiac failure in children. PMID- 6533616 TI - Hemolysis in ARF in a G6PD-deficient patient: case 2. PMID- 6533617 TI - Diagnostic code for congenital heart disease. PMID- 6533618 TI - Re-PUVA. PMID- 6533619 TI - Lethality and transformation of 10T1/2 mouse embryo fibroblast cell line by various wavelengths of ultraviolet radiation. AB - The wavelength dependence for cell killing and induction of oncogenic transformation in 10T1/2 cells, a C3H mouse embryo fibroblast cell line, was investigated. Ultraviolet radiation (UV) in the UVA (315-400 nm), UVB (280-340 nm), and UVC (254 nm) regions of the electromagnetic spectrum caused cell death and induced neoplastic transformation of 10T1/2 cells. Lethality and transformation induced by 3 different types of light source encompassing 4 ranges of wavelength were compared, using several parameters. The total energy required to reduce cell survival and to induce a given transformation frequency (e.g., 10( 3) transformants/surviving cell) increased with longer wavelengths, indicating that longer wavelengths are less cytotoxic and carcinogenic than the same dose of radiation at shorter wavelengths. However, when the frequency of transformation was calculated per lethal event (delta T values), all the wavelength ranges tested were found to be similarly effective in inducing transformation. This suggests that the lesions in DNA responsible for oncogenic transformation and lethality are the same for all the wavelength ranges tested. Although wavelengths above 300 nm are inefficient in their ability to induce transformation, their abundance in sunlight may make them a significant factor in carcinogenesis. PMID- 6533620 TI - Distribution and accumulation of radioactivity in mice following administration of 14C-8-MOP and 3H-8-MOP: an autoradiographic study. AB - Mice had 14C-8-MOP and 3H-8-MOP administered in therapeutic doses by gavage and the distribution of radioactivity in the animals was examined by autoradiography of wholebody sections. Animals were examined from 1 hour to 168 h after medication. The highest radioactivity was found 1 h after medication and the same distribution of radioactivity was found independent of time after medication. Very high radioactivity was found in the digestive system, the urine, the gall bladder, and the larger bileducts of the liver. 3H-8-MOP accumulated in the retina whereas 14C-8-MOP was not seen; this difference proves that the substance accumulated in the retina was a metabolite. Repeated medications 3 times weekly for 3 weeks led to accumulation. No additional accumulation was registered after UVA irradiation. PMID- 6533622 TI - A pre-set ultraviolet dose meter. AB - The design, construction and performance of an ultraviolet radiation (UVR) pre set dose meter is described. The meter simultaneously displays irradiance, dose, and elapsed time, and incorporates a calibrated variable gain control to permit use with detectors of varying sensitivity. The meter has been developed to permit the automatic administration of UVR dose in photosensitivity testing. The UVR is generated by a Xenon lamp and delivered to the patient via a monochromator and liquid filled light guide. A beam-splitter in the light guide applicator diverts a small fraction (9%) of the UVR onto a photo-diode detector connected to the meter. When the dose recorded by the meter reaches the pre-set value the meter activates a solenoid which closes the monochromator exit slit shutter. This on line control of the dose ensures that any fluctuations in irradiance are compensated so that the pre-set test dose is always administered to within the 1% accuracy of the instrument. PMID- 6533621 TI - Measurement of radiation from photochemotherapy equipment using thermoluminescence detector elements (BeO TLD). AB - The results of experimental dosimetry carried out with beryllium oxide thermoluminiscent material (BeO TLD) are presented. In particular, this material shows a good linearity of response to UV radiation at 365 nm, up to 200 mJ/cm2, and a spectral sensitivity with a peak at 340 nm. The advantages and disadvantages of BeO TLD in comparison with solid state detectors are discussed and suggested for personal and environmental dosimetry of UVA radiation in photochemotherapy. PMID- 6533623 TI - Conversion factors for ultraviolet radiation dosage with different types of ultraviolet therapy. AB - Erythema thresholds were determined using 4 different UV units before and after photosensitization with psoralens or coal tar in healthy volunteers. Conversion factors for equivalent erythema-producing UV doses with the different types of treatment were calculated on the basis of the erythema thresholds. A simple mode of transfer of patients between the different treatments with good precision of UV dosage is thus offered. PMID- 6533624 TI - Tissue anoxia prevents inflammation and pigmentation caused by UVA but not by UVB or PUVA. PMID- 6533625 TI - Photosensitivity to musk ambrette. PMID- 6533626 TI - Concomitant photocontact allergy to a benzophenone derivative and a sunscreen preservative, 6-acetoxy-2,4,-dimethyl-m-dioxane. PMID- 6533627 TI - Treatment of erythropoietic protoporphyria with beta-carotene. AB - We have found that beta-carotene, when administered in sufficiently high doses, can be an effective therapy for ameliorating the photosensitivity associated with EPP. Other workers have confirmed our findings, using either beta-carotene, canthaxanthin or combinations of these two carotenoids. Carotenoids may be of some use in congenital porphyria, if given in high doses and started when the patient is very young. Carotenoid treatment seems of limited use in polymorphous light eruption, solar urticaria, hydroa aestivale and hydroa vacciniforme: we would recommend their use in these conditions only after the more standard treatments for these diseases have proven ineffective for a given patient. Carotenoid treatment seems to be of no use in porphyria cutanea tarda and actinic reticuloid. PMID- 6533628 TI - Inhibition of human leukocyte locomotion by tilorone hydrochloride and by RMI 9563 DA measured in vitro. AB - The effect of tilorone hydrochloride and RMI 9563 DA on neutrophil locomotion was studied in experimental conditions. It was shown that depression of random and stimulated migration and of chemotaxis increased with rising concentration of these drugs. PMID- 6533629 TI - Correlation between serum concentration and hypoglycemic effect of chlorpropamide in man. AB - The relationship between the serum concentration and some of pharmacokinetic parameters of chlorpropamide and the hypoglycemic effect of this drug was studied. Studies were carried out in a group of 18 patients in whom the concentrations of drug and sugar in blood were determined simultaneously. Close correlation between the concentration and some pharmacokinetic parameters of chlorpropamide and the intensity of decrease of the blood glucose level as well as the time of its occurrence has been found. PMID- 6533630 TI - Some behavioral effects of microinjections of serotonin and noradrenaline into the limbic structures of the rat brain. AB - The effects of microinjections of serotonin (5HT) and noradrenaline (NA) into the limbic structures of the rat brain on the open field behavior and acquisition and retention of a step-down passive avoidance, were examined. Bilateral injections of NA and 5HT into the dorsal hippocampus (DH) produced opposite effects in the open field test, of excitatory and inhibitor nature, respectively. Intrahippocampal injections of 5HT slightly attenuated passive avoidance acquisition and significantly impaired its retention. Bilateral microinjections of NA and 5HT into the basomedial amygdala (BMA) inhibited locomotor activity and exploration in the open field test. In a dose of 40 micrograms, NA and 5HT significantly attenuated also the performance of an avoidance retention, examined 24 h after training. Bilateral injection of NA and 5HT into nucleus accumbens septi (NAS) inhibited 5 min later the locomotor activity and exploration in the open field test. The monoamines administered in various doses into the NAS before training did not consistently influence the rate of acquisition and retention of a passive avoidance reaction. The data are discussed in terms of an involvement of monoaminergic innervation of limbic structures of the brain in the organization of animal behavior. PMID- 6533631 TI - [Experimental studies of Dallon vascular prostheses after superficial alkaline hydrolysis]. AB - Within the research on improving polyester vascular prostheses DALLON there was made a superficial alkaline hydrolysis in the manufactured product, which greatly enhanced the prostheses wettability without lowering their resistance parameters. In preliminary laboratory research and in biological studies in vitro, made with model prostheses and with those having been hydrolyzed, the results were better for hydrolized ones. Biological studies in vivo were made on piglets by implanting the prostheses into surgical defects of the thoracic aorta. In the course of the operations it was found that the prostheses were, apart from having better wettability, far more tight intraoperationally, as compared to the model ones. Pathomorphological studies, carried out 3 and 6 months after the operation, showed that, besides the hydrolized prostheses being less calcified, there were no significant qualitative and quantitative changes in the tissues around the implanted prostheses. PMID- 6533632 TI - [Experimental evaluation of vascular two-sided velour prostheses]. AB - Prototypes of Polish knitted vascular grafts with velours on two sides were implanted into abdominal aorta of 6 dogs. Suturing was easy, permeation was small and it stopped after 2.5 min. The grafts healed in well, and were covered with the even layer of lining. Recapitulating it can be concluded that Polish knitted vascular grafts with velours on two sides promise good results when applied in reconstructive vascular surgery. PMID- 6533633 TI - [Experimental evaluation of two-sided velour vascular prostheses of Polish production]. AB - The experiments were performed on nine mongrel dogs. The authors used straight crenated grafts of diameters 6 and 12 mm. In 6 dogs were implanted into abdominal aorta below an origin of renal arteries and above its bifurcation. Autopsy was performed after 49, 62, 98 days. The authors evaluated the implant examining it with two methods: macroscopic and histopathologic. In addition were 6 experiments made with three dogs. The grafts were placed extracorporealy between canulated artery and femoral vein. The authors measured the volume of transudated blood, the time of transudation and degree of grafts flexibility marked by the alongation. In was stated that tested double veloured grafts of Polish production are softer and more flexible than those produced so far. The edges of the tested grafts have higher shred resistance during the sewing procedure. Their more regular texture results in smaller degree of transudation: after initial typical preclotting the grafts "sweat" evenly and quickly stops the transudation. In authors opinion the grafts should be clinically evaluated in treatment of peripheral blood vessels diseases. PMID- 6533634 TI - [Polymer fibers in surgery. II]. AB - Polyamide fibres were one of the first synthetic fibres to be widely used in surgery. They are durable, elastic, abrasion- and deformation-resistant, and withstand the biological action of chemical agents. Moreover, they have small susceptability to moisture sorption and large values of percentage elongation. In surgery polycaproamide fibres (PKA) are usually used--capron, nylon-6, perlon, stylon, sylon and others, they can be easily and reliably sterilized, do not facilitate infection spreading in the thread, and are relatively well resorbed. The fibres were used as surgical threads and nets, vascular prostheses, woven and knitted fabric in hernia treatment, diaphragm injuries, strengthening the diaphragm seam, an other reconstruction operations. In most cases the tissues adjoining the implant react moderately. It is suggested that porous materials should be used as implants, so that they overgrow with tissue, and gradually undergo biodestruction. Depending on the kind and structure of fibres, and specific tissue properties, the biodegradation period varies from 2-3 weeks to 2 3 years. According to the authors this depends on polymer breakdown by means of hydrolysis. In the paper conditions of fibre modifications are shown in order to improve their usability in therapy. Quantitative changes in biodestruction of various kinds of polycaproamide threads in the organism are described. It is stressed that polyundecanamide fibres (undecan, nylon-11) are less applicable in surgery than polyhexametyleno-2-amide ones (anid, nylon-6,6). Through of some favourable properties, polyamide fibres have a very restricted application in surgery; their surface is rough, which makes surgical binding difficult, thin threads, last shortly in tissues, lose elasticity, get brittle and fragile. The period of their biodestruction is rather short. In conclusion it is stated that polyamide fibres are not suitable for durable prostheses. PMID- 6533635 TI - [Problems of control of polymers used in drug technology]. AB - Various uses of polymers as auxiliary substances in the technology of the form of drugs are described, as well as resultant criteria of estimating their quality and uniformity, as regards both their toxicological aspect and technological suitability. The need to establish overall complex quality norms is pointed out. PMID- 6533636 TI - [Treatment of varicose ulcers with Codogard of Polish production]. AB - Synthetic skin CODOGARD produced by the Research and Development Centre of the Knitting Industry in Lodz was applied in 125 cases of the shank varicose ulcer treated in the Clinic of General Surgery of the Warsaw Medical Academy. Two different types of CODOGARD were used for evaluation: the first one without antibacterial dripping, and the second one with antibacterial dropping Sterinol. On the basis of achieved results it was established that CODOGARD was a successful medicine for the crus varicose ulcer. It causes faster cleaning away of the pus. It was observed that CODOGARD with Sterinol dripping was more effective. Taking into account the fact that the application of CODOGARD is easy, it should be widely used in surgical out patient's departments. PMID- 6533637 TI - [CODOFIX elastic mesh dressings]. AB - The author discusses characteristic features of the new dressing material- elastic net CODOFIX, taking into consideration the choice of material and its properties. Functional and usable qualities are pointed out and the author presents indications for the use of elastic nets. The conditions of use and distribution of the elastic dressing nets are also discussed. PMID- 6533638 TI - [Extrinsic allergic bronchioloalveolitis in Slovenia]. PMID- 6533639 TI - [Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)]. PMID- 6533640 TI - [Exogenous allergic bronchioloalveolitis]. PMID- 6533641 TI - [Byssinosis in the cotton-mill in Litija]. PMID- 6533642 TI - [Prediction of impaired pulmonary function after pneumonectomy in bronchogenic carcinoma]. PMID- 6533643 TI - [Clinical picture of acute cases of extrinsic allergic bronchioloalveolitis (EABA)]. PMID- 6533644 TI - [Manifestation of simultaneous bilateral primary bronchogenic carcinoma]. PMID- 6533645 TI - [Sepsis due to Candida albicans. (Case report of a recovered patient with diffuse changes in the lung parenchyma)]. PMID- 6533646 TI - [Acute rheumatoid pulmonary infiltrations]. PMID- 6533647 TI - [Obstruction of the respiratory tract in occupational lung diseases]. PMID- 6533649 TI - [Cytologic analysis of sputum in the detection of bronchial cancer]. PMID- 6533648 TI - [Pulmonary mycoses due to occupational exposure]. PMID- 6533650 TI - [Occupational asthma--the problem of verification]. PMID- 6533651 TI - [New knowledge on interstitial lung diseases with special reference to idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis]. PMID- 6533652 TI - [Modern views on the chemoprophylaxis of tuberculosis and a proposal for modifications and additions to legal and expert reporting documents]. PMID- 6533653 TI - [Allergy diagnosis in the dispensary for pulmonary diseases]. PMID- 6533654 TI - [Prevention of bronchial asthma]. PMID- 6533655 TI - [Suppressive effects of psychological tasks on subclinical epileptic discharges]. PMID- 6533656 TI - [A comparative study of Alzheimer's disease and Pick's disease by CT]. PMID- 6533657 TI - [Report of a case of non-fluent jargon aphasia]. PMID- 6533659 TI - Brain ischemia: quantitative EEG and imaging techniques. International symposium. Schladming, Austria, September 1983. PMID- 6533658 TI - [Case of peculiar neuropsychiatric symptoms as a sequela of head injury. Various studies of medial and inferior frontotemporal symptomatology]. PMID- 6533660 TI - Non-invasive follow-up studies of stroke patients with STA-MCA anastomosis; computerized topography of EEG and 133-xenon inhalation rCBF measurement. PMID- 6533661 TI - Quantitative EEG follow-up study after extracranial-intracranial bypass operation for cerebral ischemia. PMID- 6533662 TI - EEG and CBF in cerebral ischemia. Follow-up studies in humans and monkeys. PMID- 6533663 TI - Quantitative EEG and evoked potentials after experimental brain ischemia in the rat; correlation with cerebral metabolism and blood flow. PMID- 6533664 TI - Somatosensory evoked potentials in experimental brain ischemia. PMID- 6533665 TI - Cortical and thalamic somatosensory evoked potentials in brain ischemia in the monkey. PMID- 6533667 TI - A new technique for the revascularization of a chronic ischemic brain area in cats and monkeys. PMID- 6533666 TI - Global incomplete ischemia in dogs assessed by quantitative EEG analysis. Effects of hypnotics and flunarizine. PMID- 6533668 TI - Brain electrical activity mapping in normal and ischemic brain. PMID- 6533669 TI - Quantitative EEG in normals and in patients with cerebral ischemia. PMID- 6533670 TI - Quantitative electroencephalography in cerebral ischemia. Detection of abnormalities in "normal" EEGs. PMID- 6533671 TI - Parametric relationships between four different quantitative EEG methods in cerebral infarction. PMID- 6533672 TI - Quantitative EEG as a measure of brain dysfunction. PMID- 6533673 TI - Limitations of EEG frequency analysis in the diagnosis of intracerebral diseases. PMID- 6533674 TI - [Circadian rhythms of various brain functions and their central mechanisms]. PMID- 6533675 TI - [Metal behavior in motor neuron disease]. PMID- 6533676 TI - [Cell recognition in development of neuron circuit]. PMID- 6533677 TI - [Membrane specialization of synaptic vesicles in the central nervous system revealed by the quick-freeze, deep-etch method]. PMID- 6533678 TI - [Synaptic sexual differentiation and sex steroids]. PMID- 6533679 TI - [Glia maturation factor (GMF) and the malignant proliferation of glioma cells]. PMID- 6533681 TI - [Relations between the inhibition and stimulation of microorganism growth and the composition of sebum]. PMID- 6533680 TI - [Occurrence of antibodies against epidemic parotitis virus among the population of Poland]. PMID- 6533682 TI - [Epidemiology of nervous system neoplasms in various provinces of Poland]. PMID- 6533683 TI - [Evaluation of the effect of occupational physical activity on selected coronary disease risk factors using multivariate analysis of variance]. PMID- 6533684 TI - [Lymphocytic choriomeningitis 1982]. PMID- 6533685 TI - [Characteristics of gentamicin-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from diagnostic specimens]. PMID- 6533686 TI - [Cross infection control program in the United States (hospital bed capacity 300 500)]. PMID- 6533687 TI - [Tick-borne Spirochaetales infection of Lyme (Lyme disease)]. PMID- 6533688 TI - Effects of chlorpromazine and promazine on the perception of some multi-stable visual figures. PMID- 6533689 TI - Associative blocking of the McCollough effect. PMID- 6533690 TI - A Mueller-Lyer illusion induced by selective attention. PMID- 6533691 TI - Routes to object constancy: implications from neurological impairments of object constancy. PMID- 6533692 TI - Bilingual biscriptal deep dyslexia. PMID- 6533693 TI - Morphological decomposition: evidence from crossed phonological dyslexia. PMID- 6533694 TI - The neuropsychology of writing and spelling: semantic, phonological, motor, and perceptual processes. PMID- 6533695 TI - Assimilation and contrast in perceptual judgments. PMID- 6533696 TI - Muller-Lyer: illusion of size or position? PMID- 6533697 TI - [Contribution to the study of angio-TC: timing of exposure and subsequent venous lavage]. AB - The text reports the results of angio-CT examinations performed with single intravenous injections of small amounts of contrast medium and with the technique of timing of exposure and immediate venous flush with the use of a suitable injector (168 patients have been examined, in 157 of them the timing was correct while in 11 the timing was not adequate). The exposure is made after a certain period of time from the moment of the injection, corresponding to the number of heart cycles the contrast medium needs to reach the considered arterial district, during its first passage. The immediate venous flush allows one to use almost all the contrast medium to obtain the information and to take advantage of an almost compact bolus. The principal advantages of this technique are that a smaller amount of contrast medium and of radiation dose to the patient can be used. PMID- 6533698 TI - [Radiological examination of esophagoplasty interventions for esophageal cancer]. AB - The experience in the radiological study on the esophagoplasty for esophageal cancer is reported. In the various types of surgical operations: gastroplasty: 284 cases, colonplasty: 28 cases, jejunoplasty: 10 cases, substitution of the cervical esophagus: 74 cases, the radiological contribution is analysed both in the early anastomosis check: after 7 days the intrathoracic and after 10 days the cervical ones, and in the distance check. For this last aspect, particularly the functional pattern, it is also suggested the use of paraphysiologic meals. PMID- 6533699 TI - [Radiotherapy of cervix cancer in an advanced stage]. AB - Fifty nine stage II-distal (i.e. with involvement of medium third of parametrium and/or vagina), 220 stage III and 5 stage IV cervical carcinomas were treated with radiotherapy alone (combination of intracavitary radium therapy and megavoltage external irradiation on the pelvis) in the years 1971-79. The 5-year relapse free survival by actuarial method was 52.0% for stage II-distal and 40.6% for stage III, while all stage IV patients relapsed within the third year from the start of the treatment. Failures were pelvic recurrence in 98/227 patients with follow-up greater than or equal to 1 year (43.2%), distant metastases in 15 (6.7%), pelvic plus distant relapse in 10 (4.4%) and 2nd tumor in 2 (0.9%). In stage III patients the renal exclusion and positivity at lymphography were the major adverse prognostic factors and 5-year relapse free survival was respectively 28.5% and 19.6%. Improvement of the results can probably derive from a combined therapeutic approach with chemotherapy and radiotherapy in a sequential scheme. PMID- 6533700 TI - [Rupture of the main bronchus. Description of a case]. PMID- 6533701 TI - [Epidermoid cyst of the breast]. PMID- 6533702 TI - [Three-dimensional analysis of scoliosis]. PMID- 6533703 TI - [Blocked phlebography of the (supra)hepatic veins]. PMID- 6533705 TI - [Current potentials of biological dosimetry in radiation protection]. PMID- 6533704 TI - [Screens for the protection of the spinal cord in radiotherapy with counter-posed cape-shaped fields]. PMID- 6533706 TI - [Experience in primary ovarian failure]. PMID- 6533707 TI - [Analysis of cesarean section in a provincial general hospital. Hospital de Curico]. PMID- 6533708 TI - [High-risk obstetric pathology in a rural population. Hospital de Llay-Llay]. PMID- 6533709 TI - [Pregnancy and childbirth in the adolescent]. PMID- 6533710 TI - [Tumors of the endometrial stroma]. PMID- 6533711 TI - [Acceptability factors of natural methods of birth regulation: the inscription and instruction phases]. PMID- 6533712 TI - [Methodology of teaching natural methods of birth regulation (special reference to the Billings ovulation method]. PMID- 6533713 TI - [Postoperative infections in gynecologic surgery and cesarean section. Effects of the prophylactic use of antibiotics]. PMID- 6533714 TI - [Pregnancy obtained by in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer]. PMID- 6533715 TI - [Intestinal metaplasia of the stomach. Histopathological study of 120 surgical specimens from gastrectomy]. PMID- 6533716 TI - [Higher cortical functions in aphasic patients with and without hemiplegia]. PMID- 6533718 TI - [Fibroendoscopic extraction of ingested foreign bodies in 47 cases]. PMID- 6533717 TI - [Influence of nutritional status on intravenous pharmacokinetics of haloperidol in psychotic patients]. PMID- 6533720 TI - [Weil's syndrome due to Leptospira interrogans of the ballum serotype]. PMID- 6533719 TI - [Articular manifestations of ulcerative colitis: experience with 88 patients]. PMID- 6533721 TI - [Human leptospirosis due to the copenhageni serotype]. PMID- 6533722 TI - [Pathogenesis of arrhythmias]. PMID- 6533723 TI - [Steroidal regulation of the normal human oviduct]. PMID- 6533725 TI - [The classification of esophagitis]. PMID- 6533724 TI - [Epidemics of typhoid fever in Chile: ecological and microbiological aspects]. PMID- 6533726 TI - [Psychiatric care of the adolescent student. Experience with 276 students cared for as out-patients in a specialized unit]. PMID- 6533727 TI - [Activities of the Chilean Academy of Medicine in 1983]. PMID- 6533728 TI - [Iron stores in a healthy adult population in Chile]. PMID- 6533729 TI - [Multiple system failure in 21 surgical patients]. PMID- 6533730 TI - [Familial outbreak of psittacosis]. PMID- 6533731 TI - [Clinical aspects and treatment of toxoplasmosis]. PMID- 6533732 TI - [Human experimentation, human rights and medical ethics]. PMID- 6533733 TI - [Smoking habits in a group of urban-marginal pregnant women and wet nurses in Santiago]. PMID- 6533734 TI - [Rotational behavior: role of the pulvinar-lateralis posterior nucleus complex]. PMID- 6533735 TI - [Immunobiology of the lower respiratory tree]. PMID- 6533737 TI - [Methods for measuring translucent dentin]. PMID- 6533736 TI - [Anomalies in the basal-distal relationship. I. The concept and strategy for differential diagnosis]. PMID- 6533738 TI - [Cancer--a systemic disease]. PMID- 6533739 TI - [Treatment of advanced periodontal disease. A clinical case]. PMID- 6533740 TI - [Oral health and prevention]. PMID- 6533741 TI - [Psychosomatic aspects of glossodynia]. PMID- 6533742 TI - [A study of 5 particular cases of breast cancer]. AB - The particular conditions of medical practice in Africa or in Congo, make easy to meet clinical features which are called historic. Five of these historic clinical features of breast cancer were analyzed here. PMID- 6533743 TI - [Specialized sensory perception in women with polycystic ovaries]. AB - Specialized sensory perception was examined in 20 women with polycystic ovary syndrome and in 20 healthy women with normal ovulatory genital cycle. None of the healthy women disclosed any anomaly in sensory perception while with no exception all patients with polycystic ovary syndrome disclosed anomalies in sensory perception of one or other sensory analyzer. Defects in smell (hypoosmis) were more common (19 cases) than those of taste (hypogeusia) (II cases), of vestibular (14 cases) or auditory (3 cases) function, although defects in two or more analyzers occurred together in most of the cases. The association of the syndrome with anomalies in the sensory perception suggested that various central nervous structures beside these controlling the releasing factors are involved in the pathomechanism of the disease and that specialized sensory perception in man has much more to do with the neuroendocrine system than previously believed. PMID- 6533744 TI - [A study of the mean concentration of plasma antithrombin III in arterial hypertension in pregnancy]. AB - Plasma antithrombin III (AT III) level was examined in 30 pregnant women with hypertension and 44 without hypertension. AT III level is significatively lower in the group of hypertension. The degree of reduction in plasma AT III level seems to be correlated with hyper uricemia but not with count of platelets or fibrinogen. PMID- 6533745 TI - [Maternal mortality in 1983. A propos of our experiences at Saint-Antoine]. AB - The maternal mortality rate is approximately 3 per 10,000 in France. This figure is not insignificant and merits further consideration. Mortality has decreased at intervals over the course of history, depending upon certain factors such as maternal age, ethnic origin, the country in which the delivery takes place, economic conditions, the delivery setting, etc. The statistic of 1 death per 10,000 live births has been obtained by several countries and is difficult to ameliorate. Certain sudden, unexpected deaths will continue to occur despite adequate care and irrespective of whether or not they are due to a prior disease process. By studying the frequency and etiologies of these deaths, a recurring set of circumstances can often be identified, the caesarian section being of foremost importance. The mortality rate, then, appears to be a good indication of the quality of care delivered by a country or by an obstetrical department. PMID- 6533746 TI - [Measurement of the biparietal diameter before and after external version of the fetus]. AB - In 52 cases of breech presentation, the biparietal diameter of the fetal head was measured before and after external version of the fetus. There was no significant statistical difference between these two measurements. PMID- 6533747 TI - [Association of lobular epithelioma and hypophyseal adenoma in a young woman. A case report]. AB - The authors report the case of a 28 year old patient with a prolactin and somatotropin secreting pituitary adenoma who presented several months later with lobular carcinoma of the breast with lymph node metastases. This case raises the question of the role of prolactin and growth hormone in the pathogenesis and growth of breast cancer. It is noteworthy, in particular, because of the exceptional clinical manifestations. PMID- 6533749 TI - Histopathological changes caused by venom of urutu snake (Bothrops alternatus) in mouse skeletal muscle. PMID- 6533748 TI - [Lipofuscin in cardiac myocytes of mice treated with oxamniquine]. PMID- 6533750 TI - [Cutaneous leishmaniasis in Amazonia. Report of the 1st human case of mixed infection, determined by 2 different Leishmania species: Leishmania brasiliensis and Leishmania mexicana amazonensis]. PMID- 6533751 TI - Antigenemia in paracoccidioidomycosis. Probable demonstration of circulating antigen by counterimmunoelectrophoresis test. Preliminary report. PMID- 6533752 TI - A structuralist approach to morphology. PMID- 6533753 TI - Protection of hepatocytes with hyperoxia against carbon tetrachloride-induced injury. AB - Hyperbaric oxygen (HPO) was administered to rats (100% O2 at 2.8 atm for 90 min) immediately or 1 hr after severe carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) intoxication in order to study the mechanisms of protection against hepatocellular injury by hyperoxia. Slight to moderate hepatocellular injury was observed, particularly by morphologic criteria, 4 hr after CCl4 intoxication. Little cell death was observed; 24 hr after CCl4, 20% of the untreated animals died. In the survivors, the following typical changes occurred in the liver: extensive hepatocellular swelling, vacuolization and necrosis; severe ultrastructural alterations; binding of CCl4 to microsomal lipids; elevation of lipid peroxidation products (conjugated dienes); little decrease in cytochrome b5 and severe decrease in cytochrome P-450 levels. Serum transaminase (alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase) levels were elevated. Immediate treatment with HPO prevented the mortality and markedly decreased the hepatocellular necrosis 24 hr after intoxication. Immediate HPO treatment did not lower the levels of free CCl4 in the liver. However, the rise in lipid peroxidation products caused by CCl4 intoxication at 4 hr was reduced. Delayed treatment with HPO (1 hr after CCl4) prevented the mortality but was less effective in preventing necrosis. Some hepatocellular protection was still demonstrable. In particular, the rise in lipid peroxidation products was reduced. Hyperoxia protects hepatocytes against CCl4 toxicity. The rapid decline in protective effect within 60 min of intoxication suggests that hyperoxia inhibits CCl4 activation and/or damage from molecular intermediates. Hyperoxia has little effect on the progression of sublethal injury to cell death in the livers of CCl4-intoxicated rats. PMID- 6533754 TI - The possible role of nitrosamines in the link between alcohol consumption and esophageal cancer in man. AB - Ethanol in amounts equivalent to a man drinking a pint of beer has a dramatic effect on the metabolism and distribution of nitrosamines in rats. It prevents the first pass clearance of dimethylnitrosamine and thus exposes the extrahepatic organs to oral doses of this carcinogen. By selectively inhibiting metabolism in liver and kidney, ethanol increases the amount of diethylnitrosamine activated in the esophagus between 1.8- and 4.6-fold. It is suggested that there may be a link between these observations and the increase in human esophageal cancer which is associated with alcohol consumption. PMID- 6533755 TI - Metabolic aspects of cell cycle regulation in normal and cancer cells. AB - Several studies are reviewed dealing with the mechanisms which regulate the cell cycle progression in normal and cancer cells. Using Yoshida AH 130 ascites tumor cells, it has been found that the G1-S transition of these cells is impaired by specific inhibitors of the electron flow through the respiratory chain (antimycin A), although respiratory ATP can be replaced by glycolytic ATP. The above transition can be also inhibited by the addition of physiologic substrates, mainly pyruvate, by a mechanism which appears linked to a modification of the cellular redox state and can be totally reversed by adding adenine to the culture medium. Adenine equally removes the block produced by antimycin A, pointing out a respiration-linked step of purine metabolism restricting the cell recruitment into S. A substantial protection of this step against the inhibitory effects of pyruvate and antimycin A has been obtained by the addition of folate and tetrahydrofolate, suggesting that the respiration-linked limiting step of tumor cell cycling involves folate metabolism and its connection to purine synthesis. The biologic relevance of these findings is stressed by the fact that pyruvate addition also inhibits the proliferation of concanavalin A-stimulated lymphocytes as well as of bone marrow hemopoietic cells in the presence of colony-stimulating factors. On the other hand, pyruvate only slightly affects the growth kinetics of malignant lymphoblasts and of Friend erythroleukemia cells either in the absence or in the presence of the differentiation inducer dimethylsulfoxide. PMID- 6533756 TI - Studies on chemically induced neoplastic transformation and mutation in the BALB/3T3 Cl A31-1-1 cell line in relation to the quantitative evaluation of carcinogens. AB - Mutagenesis and neoplastic transformation assays on mammalian cells in culture have been extensively used for quantitative estimates of the activity of carcinogens, in spite of the limitations that such in vitro systems have when compared with in vivo systems for tumor induction. In order to assess the validity of these correlations, a series of studies was undertaken in our laboratory with the BALB/3T3 Cl A31-1-1 mouse embryo cell line. Different carcinogens were found to induce dose-dependent frequencies of transformation, including the direct-acting alkylating agent N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) and carcinogens that were metabolically activated by these cells through different pathways (benzo[a]pyrene, 3-methylcholanthrene, aflatoxin B1, and benzidine). Their respective level of activity on a molar basis was different from that obtained in standard Salmonella + S9 mutagenesis tests. Studies currently underway indicate the possibility of lowering the serum content in the medium considerably, thereby reducing a major variable in the assay. Methods were established for the induction of ouabain-resistant (ouar) mutants in these cells. Studies were conducted by applying 30-min MNNG exposures to cells that were synchronized by serum deprivation followed by serum-induced release from growth block. While maximal induction of mutants occurred in the S phase, the transformation frequency remained constant for treatments in G1 and early or late S.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6533757 TI - Identification of chemicals carcinogenic to man. AB - Although both the epidemiologic and experimental studies have led to the identification of chemical carcinogens, the limitations in epidemiologic approaches and the need for primary prevention of cancer require a greater reliance on experimental studies. Long-term carcinogenicity studies in experimental animals have been instrumental in identifying chemicals with carcinogenic activity, and, in some cases, the experimental evidence has preceded the epidemiologic evidence (for 4-aminobiphenyl, aflatoxin B1, diethylstilbestrol, melphalan, mustard gas, and vinyl chloride). A better understanding of the multistage process of carcinogenesis and the findings from various short-term tests available more recently may provide a more solid basis for extrapolating experimental findings to man. PMID- 6533758 TI - [Arsenic content of plant food products from the vicinity of copper-processing plants]. PMID- 6533759 TI - [Evaluation of lead exposure of the population of selected regions in the Legnica Glogow Copper Mining District by the indicator method]. PMID- 6533760 TI - [Biochemical evaluation of copper metabolism in infants, children and adults. I. Metabolic copper balance]. PMID- 6533761 TI - [Food contamination with nitrates and nitrites. II. Meat products and prepared foods]. PMID- 6533762 TI - [Analysis of herbicide residues from the group of aromatic acid derivatives in plants]. PMID- 6533763 TI - [Analysis of the content of various trace elements in well water from the Stalowa Wola area]. PMID- 6533765 TI - [Detection of adjuvant substances in polyamides]. PMID- 6533764 TI - [Study on Ditrivet cumulation]. PMID- 6533766 TI - [Laboratory studies on the role of the nematode Neoaplectana carpocapsae Weiser in reducing the cockroach population (Blatella germanica L.)]. PMID- 6533767 TI - [Absenteeism among 6-year-old children attending preschool classes in cities and rural communities]. PMID- 6533768 TI - [Environmental pollution with polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins by chemical plants producing chlorophenols and herbicides of the phenoxyderivative group]. PMID- 6533769 TI - [The diagnosis of Gougerot-Sjorgen syndrome in rheumatology. I. Evaul ation of the principal complementary examinations]. AB - The examination of a patient with Sjogren's syndrome includes evaluation of the eye, the buccal cavity, and a search for certain factors in the blood. Schirmer's blotting-paper test is a good test but is not specific. In addition, a decreased amount of tearing is difficult to interpret after the age of 45. Slit-lamp examination (rose bengal and fluorescein) yields lesions which confirm keratoconjunctivitis due to decreased tearing. The buccal component is difficult to evaluate. A biopsy of the buccal mucosa gives the best results with minimum risk and expense. Nucleotide scanning is sensitive, but less specific. Salivary flow decreases with age. After 60 years of age this decrease can not be interpreted. The chemical composition of tears or of saliva is promising, but it is not yet a part of the usual diagnostic work-up. Of the available laboratory tests, anti-SS-A antibodies and/ or anti-SS-B antibodies are of value, but they are not found consistently. PMID- 6533770 TI - [Respective importance of the intradural contrast examination and of the scanning in operable sciatica]. AB - It is not always possible to determine the numerical predictive values of two different diagnostic tests such as contrast studies with myelography and evaluation by CT scan in the preoperative evaluation of sciatica. The reliability of these predictive calculations can be subject to error. However, the concordant results of most studies favor the CT scan. We have given the predictive values of these tests as mentioned in the literature along with our own series comparing these two methods. Overall, the CT scan is though to be a better diagnostic tool for medio-lateral herniated discs at the L5-S1 level which are not seen using amipaque due to the greater thickness of the epidural space and for lateral herniations at the L4-L5 and L5-S1 levels. Thus, the Ct scan evaluates more completely the anatomy of the lateral recesses. This is particularly helpful when the anatomical findings differ from that of a classical herniated disc, for example in elderly patients. With amipaque, whose diagnostic yield could be improved by a more careful reading of the roentgenograms, its usefulness lies in the ability to evaluate the entire length of the lumbosacral canal down to the conus medullaris, and gives a better view of the course of the nerve roots. PMID- 6533771 TI - [Tomodensitometry studies of 75 sciatica cases with 21 recurrences. Radiculographic and surgical correlations]. PMID- 6533772 TI - [Our experience of the comparison of amipaque scanning with the pathology lumbar spinal nerves. A homogenous series 40 cases]. PMID- 6533773 TI - [Speculative ameloriation of arthritis in Behcet disease with thalidomide. A case report]. PMID- 6533774 TI - [Unilateral sacroilitis in Behcet disease]. PMID- 6533775 TI - Scintigraphy, radiography, and acid clearing in dysphagia patients after anti reflux surgery. AB - Oesophageal emptying was studied with scintigraphy, radiography, and the acid clearing test (ACT) in 18 patients reporting dysphagia and previously operated on with fundoplication. Radiography with contrast medium, isodense with water, revealed abnormalities in either motility or emptying capacity in 39% (7/18). A A barium meal showed abnormalities--that is, a tight repair, disruption of the fundoplication, or recurrence of the hernia--in 56% (10/18). The ACT was prolonged in 40% (6/15) of the patients. Pathological findings at scintigraphy with a solid bolus were found in 67% (12/18). Even if scintigraphy with a solid bolus is the method that identifies the highest number of patients with impaired oesophageal function among the tests used, it cannot differentiate between functional and anatomical disorders. A barium meal examination is the method of choice when an anatomical disorder is suspected. PMID- 6533776 TI - Tinidazole prophylaxis in elective colorectal surgery. AB - Bowel wall concentrations of tinidazole in two patient groups undergoing elective colorectal surgery were determined 8 h (22 patients) and 12 h (26 patients) after a single 500-mg intravenous infusion. In addition, the efficacy of 1-day tinidazole prophylaxis with 8- and 12-h dosage intervals in the prevention of postoperative infection complications was evaluated. The mean bowel wall tinidazole concentrations 8 and 12 h after infusion were 5.1 +/- 2.5 micrograms/g and 4.3 +/- 1.8 micrograms/g, respectively, which are considerably higher than the minimal inhibitory concentration for Bacteroides fragilis strains. Three patients out of 48 (6.3%) developed a wound infection: 1 from the 8-h dosage interval group (4.5%) and 2 from the 12-h interval group (7.7%). Wound cultures revealed only aerobic growth. The results confirm that an adequate bowel wall concentration remains for more than 12 h after a single 500-mg intravenous infusion of tinidazole. One-day tinidazole prophylaxis is an effective means of preventing postoperative infections after colorectal surgery. PMID- 6533777 TI - Pancreatic tissue pressure: techniques and pathophysiological aspects. AB - Pancreatic tissue pressure (PTP) was measured during surgery in six patients with a normal pancreas and in six patients with chronic pancreatitis. The pressures were obtained by insertion of a tiny transducer-connected cannula into pancreas. PTP probably reflects acinus and small-duct pressure. PTP was significantly higher in patients with chronic pancreatitis than in patients with a normal pancreas, but it decreased significantly after drainage. A high degree of linear relationship between PTP and intraductal pressure (r = 0.99) indicates that PTP measurements are valuable when the main duct is difficult to cannulate. Chronic pancreatitis might be a compartment syndrome due to impeded drainage and an inelastic capsule. PMID- 6533778 TI - Fasting and postprandial GIP values in pigs, rats, dogs, and man measured with five different GIP antisera. AB - Fasting and postprandial blood samples were collected from pigs, rats, dogs, and man and the gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) immunoreactivity measured with five different antisera. The mean GIP values in rats, dogs, and man varied considerably, depending on the antiserum used, whereas all the antisera recorded fairly similar GIP values in pigs. These findings demonstrate immunological differences between rat, dog, human, and porcine GIP. One should therefore be careful when evaluating physiological effects of porcine GIP infused intravenously in species other than the pig. PMID- 6533780 TI - Nutritional implications of inflammatory bowel disease. PMID- 6533779 TI - Gastric emptying of solid and liquid meals in healthy young subjects. AB - Gastric emptying was measured in 50 young healthy subjects by means of sequential scintigraphy with two radioactive markers. Gastric emptying of the solid component of the meal was slower than that of the liquid component, corresponding to a linear model (T 1/2, 112 min). Gastric emptying of the liquid component was different, following an exponential model, although only after 45 min (100% of the liquid marker retained in the stomach after 15 min, 56.7% after 45 min, 43.3% after 75 min, and 35.5% after 105 min). Significant differences were found in gastric emptying of both solids and liquids among sexes; women emptied the stomach more slowly than men regardless of age, weight, height, or body surface. A relationship was found between gastric emptying and the phase of the menstrual cycle. Furthermore, a quicker emptying of the liquid component was observed in smokers. These factors should be considered in the evaluation of gastric emptying studies. PMID- 6533781 TI - Video display terminals and health. A technical and medical appraisal of the state of the art. PMID- 6533782 TI - Studies on derivatives of 2,3-dihydro-4H-1,3,2-benzoxazaphosphorine. Synthesis and structure analysis of 2,3-disubstituted-2,3-dihydro-4H-1,3,2 benzoxazaphosphorin-4-one -(thio ne)-2-sulfide(oxide). AB - A series of novel organocyclophosphorus compounds including twenty-three 2,3 disubstituted-2,3-dihydro-4H-1,3,2-benzoxazaphosphorin-4-one-2 -sulfide (compounds I) and three 2,3-disubstituted-2,3-dihydro-4H-1,3,2 benzoxazaphosphorin-4-th ion e-2-oxide (compounds II) have been synthesized. Their structures were determined by IR, UV, 1HNMR, X-ray diffraction and elemental analysis. Each of compounds I showed a strong absorption between 1290 1319 cm-1 in the IR spectrum. Comprehensive studies of the spectral data and experimental results indicated that this strong characteristic absorption is different from that of the P = O linkage and thus could be considered as a result of the stretching vibration of (unsaturated C)-N single bond. In the course of synthesis of the compounds, an abnormal product (Formula: see text) is frequently formed as an isomer of the expected product I (Formula: see text). However, by suitable choice of condensation conditions, either of the isomers could be made predominantly in yield and be readily isolated from the other by recrystallizing for several times from appropriate solvent. Data for the melting point, IR, UV and 1HNMR spectra of three pairs of the isomers are given, and primary analyses of the spectra are made as well. PMID- 6533783 TI - A mouse macrophage-like cell line (MMC-1) and its biological characteristics- scanning electron microscopic observation. AB - The surface characteristics and EA-rosette with opsonized chicken erythrocytes by mouse macrophage-like cell line (MMC-1) were studied by scanning electron microscopy. The ultrastructure of the cell surface were characteristics of macrophage. PMID- 6533784 TI - A study on serum cancer-suppressive peptide. AB - A peptide which was isolated from serum of cancer-bearing mice has an activity to kill cancer cells in vitro, but little effect on bone marrow cells. This peptide was named Serum Cancer-Suppressive Peptide (SCSP). SCSP can be crystallized and still has the activity to kill the cancer cells. It consists of more than ten kinds of amino acids with molecular weight about 2000-3000 daltons estimated by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. An antiserum was prepared from rabbits immunized with SCSP and the corresponding IgG could be obtained from the antiserum. The titers of SCSP in some cells of the normal and cancer-bearing mice were estimated by passive hemagglutination method. The results showed that the SCSP titer in spleen is much higher than those in muscle, liver and ascites tumor cells. The results suggest that SCSP is probably produced by spleen cells. PMID- 6533785 TI - Rehabilitation in schizophrenia--fifty years on. PMID- 6533786 TI - The prognostic significance of dysrhythmias in the healthy elderly. AB - Fifty healthy, elderly subjects in whom a cardiovascular assessment, including 24 hour ambulatory electrocardiography had been performed, have been followed until death, or if surviving, for five years. Eight patients have died and 88 per cent of the survivors have had repeated 24-hour electrocardiography. Coronary death and the development of cardiovascular or neurological symptoms were not related to the presence in the original recording of significant dysrhythmias including frequent ventricular and supraventricular premature beats, R on T phenomena or sinus arrest. Treatment of these and other dysrhythmias in the asymptomatic elderly individual to prevent development of serious clinical sequelae is not justified. PMID- 6533787 TI - Necrotising enterocolitis experience with 54 neonates. AB - Fifty-four neonates transferred to the neonatal surgical unit because of acute necrotising enterocolitis (N.E.C.) are presented. Eleven died (20.4%), of whom seven were treated conservatively and four by operation. Ten patients required surgical exploration because of intestinal perforation, obstruction or suspected perforation. Another five neonates presented with intestinal perforation and were treated by percutaneous catheter drainage of the peritoneal cavity because of their extreme prematurity. Nine patients developed a colonic stricture diagnosed between six weeks and a year after the onset of the disease. Another six patients showed a segment of colonic narrowing detected on barium enema radiography without clinical evidence of bowel obstruction. They were treated conservatively and showed complete resolution at follow up studies. PMID- 6533788 TI - Bone formation and resorption as the determinants of trabecular bone volume in normal and osteoporotic men. AB - Trabecular bone volume, forming surface and percent surface resorption have been determined in iliac crest samples obtained post mortem from 43 young men and 49 elderly men and in biopsies obtained from 22 males with spinal osteoporosis. The mean bone volume was significantly lower in the old than in the young controls and significantly lower again in the osteoporotic cases. Forming surfaces were significantly lower in the old than the young controls but were not different as between old controls and cases of osteoporosis. Percent surface resorption was the same in young and old controls but significantly increased in the osteoporotics. Multiple regression analysis showed that trabecular bone volume was a significant positive function of forming surface and a significant inverse function of fractional surface resorption. Age-related (simple) osteoporosis in men appears to be due to reduced bone formation whereas pathological (accelerated) osteoporosis is due to increased bone resorption. PMID- 6533789 TI - The effect of ascorbic acid on the seasonal variations in serum cholesterol levels. AB - One gram of ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) administered randomly to a group of healthy young people (aged 29 +/- 5 years) produced a significant mean fall in serum cholesterol of 16 per cent within two months. A similar supplement to a group of healthy older people (aged 58 +/- 3 years) produced a significant mean fall in serum cholesterol of 14 per cent but required six to 12 months' administration. Serial observations on a mixed age group of healthy people (aged 38 +/- 12 years) over one calendar year revealed a seasonal fluctuation in serum cholesterol, the lowest levels being in summer (June 5.5 +/- 0.7 mmols/l) and the highest levels in winter (January 6.4 +/- 0.8 mmols/l), a significant rise of 16 per cent. These changes showed an inverse relationship with the leucocyte and serum ascorbic acid levels which also revealed a seasonal fluctuation, the months April/September being higher than the months October/March. The administration of 1g of ascorbic acid per day throughout the year abolished the winter rise in serum cholesterol levels. These results are discussed in the light of the relationship between cholesterol and vascular disease and the observations by Sir Richard Doll that lowering the cholesterol level, whether achieved by drugs or diet, results in a reduction in morbidity from myocardial infarction. PMID- 6533790 TI - Gastric carcinoma in Peutz-Jeghers syndrome. PMID- 6533791 TI - Purulent pericarditis following myocardial infarction. AB - A 75-year-old man required prolonged intravenous drug therapy for post-myocardial infarction arrhythmias and developed infection with Staphylococcus aureus at the site of his indwelling cannula. He received prompt antibiotic therapy but was readmitted to hospital five weeks later with a terminal illness which proved at post-mortem to be a staphylococcal pleuropericarditis. We consider that this fatal infection originated at his venous cannula site. The problems of diagnosis are discussed. PMID- 6533792 TI - The contribution of radionuclide transit studies to the diagnosis of suspected oesophageal disorders--a review of 150 patients. PMID- 6533793 TI - Laryngeal trauma: a diagnostic case study. PMID- 6533794 TI - The verbal and nonverbal communicative abilities of pre-adolescent stutterers. PMID- 6533796 TI - The pragmatics of language: theoretical and applied issues. PMID- 6533795 TI - [The selection of first-year students by the Department of Speech Therapy and Audiology (University of Pretoria)]. PMID- 6533797 TI - Phonological and neuroanatomical findings in three cases with apraxia of speech. PMID- 6533798 TI - The enigma of fluency: a single case study. PMID- 6533799 TI - Sign language in South Africa: some research and clinical issues. PMID- 6533800 TI - [Terminoterminal anastomosis of the vas deferens. Comparison of microsurgical technics]. PMID- 6533801 TI - [Transrectal prostatic cytology using needle aspiration. Review of 832 cases]. PMID- 6533802 TI - [Ureteral stump metastasis of renal adenocarcinoma 3 years after nephrectomy]. PMID- 6533803 TI - [Incidence of hyperuricemia in case records of reno-ureteral calcium calculi]. PMID- 6533805 TI - [Pheochromocytoma of the bladder]. PMID- 6533806 TI - [Cinecystourethrography in the study of the pathology of urethral obstruction]. PMID- 6533804 TI - [A case of percutaneous translumbar clearance of an obstructed ureterocutaneostomy]. PMID- 6533807 TI - [Renal carcinoma. Considerations on a series of 55 cases]. PMID- 6533808 TI - [Total cystectomy with or without preoperative radiotherapy in the treatment of carcinoma of the bladder. Preliminary note]. PMID- 6533809 TI - [Testicular metastasis as the initial manifestation of renal carcinoma]. PMID- 6533810 TI - [Hydronephrosis caused by congenital obstruction of the ureteropelvic junction. Experience in 112 pediatric cases]. PMID- 6533811 TI - [Pseudotumorous tuberculosis of the spermatic cord. Description of a clinical case]. PMID- 6533813 TI - [Use of cefoxitin in urology]. PMID- 6533812 TI - [Case of renovascular hypertension caused by renal artery stenosis in congenital single kidney in pelvic ectopy]. PMID- 6533814 TI - [Use of daily single-dose tobramycin sulfate in urological surgery]. PMID- 6533816 TI - [Crystallization processes and urinary calculosis]. PMID- 6533815 TI - [Daily single-dose tobramycin sulfate in urologic surgery and acute urinary tract infections]. PMID- 6533817 TI - [Bacteriological findings in the seminal fluid of patients with chronic aspecific prostatitis and in healthy subjects]. PMID- 6533818 TI - [Unusual complication of percutaneous pyelostomy]. PMID- 6533819 TI - [Comparison of histological and cytological grading of anaplasia in 200 cases of urothelial carcinoma of the bladder]. PMID- 6533820 TI - [Hyperchloremia and metabolic acidosis in chronic kidney failure]. PMID- 6533821 TI - [Progression of chronic kidney failure secondary to diabetic nephropathy]. PMID- 6533822 TI - [Computed axial tomography in the staging of bladder neoplasms]. PMID- 6533823 TI - [Importance of CAT in the differential diagnosis of radiotransparent filling defects in the kidney pelvis]. PMID- 6533825 TI - [Clinical aspects of 27 cases of xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis]. PMID- 6533824 TI - [Pathogenetic aspects of urinary lithiasis in immobilization]. PMID- 6533826 TI - [Atmospheric variations and acute urine retention]. PMID- 6533828 TI - [Cystic cystitis and renal tuberculosis. A clinical case description with 10-year follow-up]. PMID- 6533827 TI - [Value of pelvic lymphadenectomy in the treatment of bladder carcinoma]. PMID- 6533829 TI - [Fractures of the posterior urethra. Emergency treatment of a case of multiple injury with cranial trauma and coma]. PMID- 6533830 TI - [Ectopic outlet of a supernumerary ureter]. PMID- 6533831 TI - [Retrospective study of the incidence of recurrences at 6 months in the treatment of transitional bladder tumors]. PMID- 6533832 TI - [Correlations between Randall's plaques and renal microcalcifications]. PMID- 6533833 TI - [Calcifications of the renal parenchyma. Incidence and localization]. PMID- 6533834 TI - [Medullary biopsy in chronic lymphatic leukemia and its clinico-hematologic correlates]. PMID- 6533835 TI - [Molecular aspects of an asymptomatic deficit of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase]. PMID- 6533836 TI - [Mitogen stimulation of lamb lymphocytes]. PMID- 6533837 TI - [Anaphylactic shock after subcutaneous injection of patent blue violet during lymphography]. PMID- 6533838 TI - [Quality control of concentrates of platelets and leukocytes]. PMID- 6533839 TI - [Recommendations of the ICSH/ICTH for expressing prothrombin time in the control of the temperature with oral anticoagulants]. PMID- 6533840 TI - Temporal changes in liver, blood, and brain glucose, glycogen, and beta hydroxybutyrate after ethanol in C57BL/6J mice. AB - The time courses of changes in levels of beta-hydroxybutyrate (BOHB), glucose (GLC), and glycogen (GLY) were measured hourly for 7 h after i.p. 2 g/kg ethanol (ETOH) in samples of liver, blood, and brain in 21 day old C57BL/6J mice. After acute ETOH, brain GLC remained at 2.1 mmol/kg for 2 h, fell to a low of 1.5 mmol/kg at 5 h, then rose slightly. Blood GLC remained near 8 mmol/kg until 3 h, then fell. Liver GLC fell steadily from 10.2 to 7.2 mmol/kg at 7 h. Brain GLY rose from 1.7 to 2.9 mmol/kg at 3 h, then fell steadily. Blood GLY increased from 2.7 to 4.6 mmol/kg at 2 h, then fell to 1.7 mmol/kg. Liver GLY decreased from 70 to 30 mmol/kg. BOHB changes were similar in all samples. BOHB in brain fell from 0.12 to 0.08 mmol/kg at 2 to 3 h; then rose steadily to 0.27 mmol/kg at 7 h. Blood and liver BOHB fell from 0.40 to 0.25 mmol/kg, then rose to 1.0 mmol/kg. In a previous study, susceptibility to audiogenic seizures after 2 g/kg ETOH was completely suppressed for up to 1 h, then susceptibility increased to a maximum at 5 1/2 h, when a period of potentiation was observed. In this study, brain GLY levels were increased during the period of protection, and brain GLC levels were decreased during the period of potentiation. Together, these data may lend support to an hypothesis of an indirect effect of ETOH on the brain, leading to changes in susceptibility to audiogenic seizures via changes in metabolite availability. PMID- 6533841 TI - Structural requirements for progesterone binding to the hepatic endoplasmic reticulum in the female rat. AB - Microsomes isolated from the liver of the female rat specifically bind progesterone. The progesterone-microsomal complex shows highly specific characteristics. The binding is probably associated with the carbonyl groups at positions C-20 and C-3. Other steroids compete for microsomal binding sites less effectively. Competition for progesterone binding sites by other steroids in percentages: testosterone 33; testosterone propionate, 9; 17-methyltestosterone, 23.2; cortisol, 6.4; estradiol-17 beta, 1.8; 17 alpha-ethynyl estradiol, 4.7; mestranol, 1.0; norethynodrel, 4.5; ethisterone, 7.1; lynestrenol, 4.3; medroxyprogesterone, 23.3; medroxyprogesterone acetate, 15.2; 5 alpha-pregnane 3,20-dione, 47.6; 5 beta-pregnane-3,20-dione, 20.7; pregnenolone, 14.8; 6 methylpregnenolone, 1.2; 16 alpha-methylpregnenolone, 3.8%; 20 beta-hydroxy-4 pregnen-3-one, 2.8; 3 beta-hydroxy-5 alpha-pregnan-20-one, 5.2; 4-pregnene-3 beta, 20 beta-diol, 2.1; 11 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone 21.0; 16 alpha hydroxyprogesterone, 7.9; 17-hydroxyprogesterone, 26.7; 16 alpha, 17 epoxyprogesterone, 2.7; 16 alpha-methylprogesterone, 3.8; 6-methylpregnenolone, 1.2; 16 alpha-methylpregnenolone, 3.8; promegestone, 27.0. 3 beta-Hydroxy-5 beta pregnan-20-one, 3 alpha-hydroxy-5 beta-pregnan-20-one, 5-pregnene-3 beta,20 beta diol, 5-pregnene-3 beta, 20 alpha-diol; 5 alpha-pregnane-3 beta, 20 beta-diol, 5 alpha-pregnane-3 beta, 20 alpha-diol, 5 beta-pregnane-3 alpha, 20 alpha-diol, 5 beta-pregnane-3 alpha, 20 alpha-diol diacetate, 5 beta-pregnane-3 alpha, 20 beta diol, 3 alpha, 17-dihydroxy-5 beta-pregnan-20-one, 17-hydroxypregnenolone, 6 methyl-17-hydroxypregnenolone, pregnenolone-16 alpha-carbonitrile, dihydrotestosterone and cholesterol show no competition at all. The varying degree of competition by different steroids is unrelated to their lipid solubility. PMID- 6533842 TI - Improved synthesis of 5 beta-cholestane-3 alpha,7 alpha,12 alpha, 26(27)-tetrol isomers from cholic acid. AB - Synthesis of a mixture of the 25(R) and 25(S) isomers of 5 beta-cholestane-3 alpha,7 alpha,12 alpha, 26(27)-tetrol from cholic acid in four steps, including a Wittig reaction, is described. PMID- 6533843 TI - Systemic effects of chronically administered methyl prednisolonate and methyl 17 deoxyprednisolonate. AB - The systemic activities of methyl prednisolonate and methyl 17 deoxyprednisolonate (1) were studied in rats. Methyl 17-deoxyprednisolonate produced significant changes in the amount of sodium ion (decreased) and potassium ion (increased) in urine; however, methyl prednisolonate had no effect on electrolyte balance. Both methyl prednisolonate and methyl 17 deoxyprednisolonate had no effect on liver glycogen content, plasma corticosterone level and relative adrenal weight. In contrast, the parent compound prednisolone caused a significant decrease in liver glycogen content, plasma corticosterone level and relative adrenal weight. PMID- 6533844 TI - Uterine growth responses of the mature castrate rat to estradiol-17B. AB - To examine estrogen-stimulated uterine growth we have monitored changes in uterine DNA synthesis, ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity and protein content as well as luminal epithelial (LE) cell mitotic index and ultrastructural changes. We have utilized this model to examine castrate mature rat uterine growth as a function of time between 18 and 40 hours following a single injection of 25.0 ug of estradiol-17B. LE cell mitotic index and protein content increases were maximally elevated as early as 18 hours postinjection while uterine ODC activity was maximal at 28 hours; uterine DNA synthesis increases continued throughout the experiment. In addition, the infusion of either 1 or 2 ug E2 plus progesterone over a 24 hour period, stimulated elevated ODC activity under both treatment regimens and LE cell mitotic index which was inversely related to E2 dose. PMID- 6533846 TI - Cutaneous leishmaniasis in Kenya: transmission of Leishmania major to man by the bite of a naturally infected Phlebotomus duboscqi. AB - One leishmanial stock was isolated from a Phlebotomus duboscqi female captured in Baringo District, Kenya, and others from papular lesions that developed at sites where this sandfly had fed on a man. When characterized by cellulose acetate electrophoresis (eight enzymes examined), these isolates proved to be identical to known Leishmania major strains from man and a rodent (Arvicanthis sp.) and different from L. donovani and L. adleri, which also occur in Baringo. This is the first case of human cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by L. major reported from Kenya. PMID- 6533845 TI - Synthesis, intestinal absorption and metabolism of sarcosine conjugated ursodeoxycholic acid. AB - Sarcosine conjugated ursodeoxycholic acid (SUDC) was synthesized and its intestinal absorption and metabolism were studied in rat and hamster. Intestinal absorption study using bile fistula rat shows that more than 90% of SUDC administered intraduodenally was excreted in the bile within 24 hr. No change of the administered bile acid was seen during the absorption from the intestine, the passage of the liver, and the excretion into the bile. When [24-14C]SUDC and [11,12-3H2]-ursodeoxycholic acid were administered orally to a hamster, more than 95% of both the administered 14C and 3H were recovered from the feces within 6 days. Most (77%) of the fecal 14C-labeled compound was SUDC, whereas 95% of the fecal 3H-labeled compound was unconjugated lithocholic acid. These results indicate that SUDC, unlike taurine or glycine conjugated bile acid, resists bacterial deconjugation and 7-dehydroxylation. PMID- 6533847 TI - Radioimmunoassay of serum conjugated cholic acid in hepatic murine schistosomiasis. AB - Cholylglycine levels were measured by radioimmunoassay in sera from 10 control CFI female mice and 22 CFI female mice experimentally infected with Schistosoma mansoni. Cholylglycine was significantly elevated in sera of all but one of the chronically infected animals. Serum aspartate transaminase was within normal limits in all the infected animals; while five infected mice had elevated serum alkaline phosphatase and all these five also had high levels of serum cholylglycine. Marked hepatic histopathological changes were demonstrated in all the infected animals. The data suggest that serum cholylglycine is a highly sensitive index for hepatic dysfunction in chronic hepatic schistosomiasis mansoni. PMID- 6533848 TI - A comparison of serological techniques for plague surveillance. AB - Sera collected from 691 dogs and 231 rodents in South Africa were tested in parallel by the passive haemagglutination (PHA) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for antibodies to the Fraction 1 antigen of the plague bacillus (Yersinia pseudotuberculosis subsp. pestis). There was a high degree of correlation between the tests, both in over-all numbers positive and in serum titres. 42 dog sera were positive by PHA and 41 by ELISA, 40 sera being positive by both tests. However, using ELISA the numbers of non-specific reactors in dog sera were cut by almost two thirds compared to PHA. The results of tests on rodent sera were identical: only one rodent was positive in both tests. The findings suggest that the ELISA test may have advantages over PHA for large scale serological surveillance. PMID- 6533849 TI - Angiostrongylus cantonensis in East New Britain, Papua New Guinea. AB - The first case of angiostrongyliasis (eosinophilic meningitis) to be diagnosed in Papua New Guinea in 1977, led to a survey of adult Melanesian residents of East New Britain province where the case occurred, to assess the level of immunological responsiveness to Angiostrongylus cantonensis. In 104 subjects tested using an indirect fluorescent antibody test, the serum antibody titres to A. cantonensis equalled or exceeded 1:16 in 50.7% and ranged from 1:32 to 1:64 in 17.3% of subjects. No individual tested showed evidence of active or recent angiostrongyliasis but in a patient suspected to have ocular angiostrongyliasis, the antibody titre of A. cantonensis was 1:128 in the single serum specimen obtained. In a programme to determine the distribution of this parasite in the natural hosts, 19 rats were trapped; one had adult A. cantonensis in its pulmonary arteries. Examination of 200 Achatina fulica snails revealed Angiostrongylus larvae in 62 (31%) and when these larvae were fed to laboratory rats, adult A. cantonensis were subsequently recovered from their pulmonary arteries. PMID- 6533850 TI - Distribution of Angiostrongylus cantonensis in Papua New Guinea. AB - Examination of 97 rats trapped in Port Moresby and Lae on the mainland of Papua New Guinea and in Rabaul, East New Britain Province, showed that 12.4% were infected by Angiostrongylus cantonensis. Larval An. cantonensis were found in Achatina fulica snails collected at these towns, from the Ramu Valley near Madang on the mainland and at locations in West New Britain, New Ireland and Bougainville Island. The mollusc infection rates ranged from 12.7% at Port Moresby to 32.4% at Kimbe in West New Britain (mean: 19.2%). Larvae obtained from snails from Port Moresby, Lae, the Ramu Valley and Rabaul were fed to laboratory rats and mature nematodes obtained subsequently provided confirmation that the species was An. cantonensis. Ach. fulica has not yet colonized the Highland region of Papua New Guinea and rats trapped in Goroka were free of infection. Human angiostrongyliasis has now been reported from Rabaul and studies have shown a high level of immunological responsiveness to the parasite in the sera of residents of East New Britain. PMID- 6533851 TI - The prevalence of hypertension in 4,993 rural Zulus. AB - In a study of 4,993 rural Zulus the over-all prevalence of primary hypertension was 8.37% (females 8.78%, males 7.4%). The mean arterial pressure in relation to age and sex was not as high as in urban Zulus. A diastolic blood pressure of greater than or equal to 95 mm Hg was present in 4.99% of the subjects and 1.46% had a diastolic blood pressure of greater than or equal to 110 mm Hg. This study suggests that hypertension is not a major health problem in rural Zulus and that large case-finding and intervention programmes should be confined to the urban Black population of South Africa. PMID- 6533852 TI - Kala-azar in south-west Ethiopia: seasonal variation in disease occurrence. AB - In a 12-year retrospective study of patients with kala-azar from Gidole Hospital in south-west Ethiopia it is demonstrated that most patients are diagnosed during the months August to November with another small peak from March to May. It is suggested that transmission is associated with two main periods of annual rainfall. PMID- 6533853 TI - Neonatal screening for sickle cell disease in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. AB - Neonatal screening for sickle cell disease has been established in three hospitals in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. In the first 17 months of this programme, 5630 cord blood samples were screened with the detection of 47 babies with an FS phenotype. The sickle cell trait occurred in 4.4% births in Al Khobar, in 6.7% in Dammam and in 17.9% in Qatif. An apparent excess of the FS phenotype over that predicted from the observed S gene frequency occurred at all three centres. The cause of this excess remains unknown although a high prevalence of sickle cell-beta o thalassaemia and the effects of non-random mating may be contributory factors. PMID- 6533854 TI - Factors promoting in vitro excystation of Giardia muris cysts. AB - Giardia muris cysts, isolated from mouse faeces, excysted routinely at levels greater than 90%, when induced in 1X Hanks' supplemented with 17 mM glutathione, 29 mM L-cysteine-HCl, and 50 mM NaHCO3 for 30 minutes at 35 degrees C, followed by washing and suspension in trypsin-Tyrode's solution at pH 8.0. Although trypsin was not required in this final step, it enhanced the escape of the trophozoites from their cysts. G. muris excystation was dependent upon the length of the induction period, pH, oxidation-reduction potential and temperature. Optimal induction conditions for excystation were: an induction period of 5 to 30 min; pH of 2; 120 mV oxidation-reduction potential; and a temperature around 35 degrees C. A gradual decline in excystation occurred as pH and oxidation reduction potential were changed to 7 and 57 mV, respectively. There was a pronounced increase in excystation percentages with increasing temperatures between 0 and 37 degrees C. At 40 degrees C and above, the G. muris cysts showed signs of inactivation. The thermal death point of G. muris cysts was determined to be about 54 degrees C. G. muris cysts showed no polarity; however, the tail or posterior trophozoite portion always emerged through one end of the cyst first. Cytokinensis began within the first hour after excystation. This method always produced extremely active, normal-looking G. muris trophozoites. PMID- 6533855 TI - Seasonal variations in plasma retinol and carotenoid levels in rural Gambian women. AB - Plasma carotenoid levels exhibited a major seasonal variation in pregnant and lactating women in Keneba, a rural Gambian village. This is probably due mainly to the seasonally related contribution of mangoes, which are a major dietary component during May and June, but are essentially unavailable for the remainder of the year. Plasma retinol levels, on the other hand, exhibited much less seasonal variation, although a trend towards higher levels in May and June was just discernible. Plasma retinol levels were significantly lower than those observed in a group of pregnant and lactating women living in the UK. PMID- 6533856 TI - Chronic pulmonary cryptococcosis in a Rattus rattus from Rabaul, Papua New Guinea. AB - A wild Rattus rattus trapped in Rabaul, East New Britain Province, Papua New Guinea, was noted to have chronic, cystic pulmonary cryptococcosis. R. rattus is common in settlements in Papua New Guinea whereas pigeons, which have been suspected as a possible source of human cryptococcosis, rarely nest in villages in this country. If R. rattus was susceptible to chronic pulmonary cryptococcosis, because of its habit of nesting in roofs, it could serve as a possible vector of human cryptococcosis in Papua New Guinea and perhaps in other countries as well. PMID- 6533857 TI - Balantidiasis: report of a fatal case with appendicular and pulmonary involvement. AB - A case of fatal balantidial infection with appendicular and pulmonary involvement in a Venezuelan farmer is reported. The clinical, post-mortem and histological features are described. PMID- 6533859 TI - Terminology of relapsing malaria: enigma variations. PMID- 6533858 TI - Serum antibody levels in human paragonimiasis before and after therapy with praziquantel. AB - Enzyme immunoassays (ELISA) and indirect haemagglutination (IHA) were used to determine IgG and IgE serum antibody levels in 43 patients from Ecuador before and after therapy with praziquantel. ELISA indicated infection more sensitively than IHA. The tendency of increasing antibody levels between the first and second month after therapy was more distinct when measured by IHA, whereas the decreases of antibody levels between the third and sixth month after treatment was more distinct when measured by ELISA. The IgG ELISA for detecting long persisting antibody was more sensitive than IHA. PMID- 6533860 TI - Clinical characteristics of human Leishmania braziliensis braziliensis infections. PMID- 6533861 TI - Biting periodicities of nulliparous and parous females of Psychodopygus wellcomei. PMID- 6533862 TI - Immunity to cutaneous leishmaniasis. PMID- 6533863 TI - Schistosoma curassoni Brumpt, 1931, a little known parasite from Senegal. PMID- 6533864 TI - Endemic cutaneous leishmaniasis in Barquisimeto, Venezuela. PMID- 6533865 TI - HLA antigen frequencies in Egyptian patients with complicated schistosomiasis mansoni. PMID- 6533866 TI - Cutaneous leishmaniasis in Belize, Central America, and identity of the causative parasite. PMID- 6533867 TI - Electron microprobe analysis and histochemical examination of the calcium distribution in human bone trabeculae: a methodological study using biopsy specimens from post-traumatic osteopenia. AB - Energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis (EDX) (or electron microprobe analysis) of the relative intensity for calcium in different bone trabeculae from the tibia epiphysis, and in different parts of one and the same trabecula, was performed on 3 patients who had earlier had a fracture of the ipsilateral tibia-diaphysis. The variation in intensity was compared with the histochemical patterns obtained with both the Goldner and the von Kossa staining techniques for detecting calcium in tissues. Previously reported calcium distribution features, found to be typical for posttraumatic osteopenia, such as striated mineralization patterns in individual trabeculae and large differences in mineralization level between different trabeculae, could be verified both by means of the two histochemical procedures and from the electron microprobe analysis. A pronounced difference was observed, however, between the two histochemical staining techniques as regards their sensitivity to detect calcium. The two methods have different turnover points, from negative to positive along a gradient change of calcium concentrations. To judge from the values obtained from the EDX measurements, the sensitivity of the Goldner technique should be more than ten times higher than that of von Kossa. The EDX measurements gave more detailed information than either of the two histochemical techniques: great variations in the intensity of the calcium peak were found in trabeculae stained as unmineralized as well as mineralized. PMID- 6533868 TI - An unusual form of endoplasmic reticulum in mononuclear cells of a giant cell tumor of bone. AB - A peculiar configuration of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) was observed by electron microscopy in some mononuclear cells from a malignant giant cell tumor of bone that had been removed from a cervical vertebral body in a 54-year-old female. The unusual ER consisted of looped, smooth tubules, which originated from poorly developed rough ER present in the tumor cells. The tubular structures were approximately 23 nm in diameter and contained paracrystalline material. The curvilinear tubular ER closely resembles the vermiform tubular structures that have been observed mainly in histiocytes from different clinical forms of histiocytosis X. PMID- 6533869 TI - Hazards related to EM-laboratory instrumentation. AB - In spite of the fact that there is a diversity of equipment in electron microscopy laboratories, potential hazards can be grouped in five areas: radiation, electricity, implosion, explosion, and cryogens. This presentation relates these areas to health hazards associated with the use and operation of various instruments and preparatory equipment typical for an EM laboratory. PMID- 6533870 TI - Noninvasive cardiac assist by extension of phase D compression cardiopulmonary resuscitation (PCCPR). AB - The PCCPR technique was experimentally and theoretically extended to serve as a cardiac assist procedure, and the potential of this method as a cardiac assist device was studied. Preliminary studies in dogs verify the applicability of this technique. PMID- 6533871 TI - Morbidity in balloon counterpulsation: transfemoral versus transthoracic insertion. PMID- 6533872 TI - Mechanical failures in in vivo and in vitro studies of pneumatic total artificial hearts. PMID- 6533873 TI - Acute hematologic response of sheep to cardiopulmonary bypass and total heart replacement. PMID- 6533874 TI - Right ventricular pressure-dimension relationship during left ventricular assistance in dogs. PMID- 6533875 TI - An LVAS with practical clinical features. PMID- 6533876 TI - Right ventricular dimensions with transesophageal echocardiography during an operating room model of left heart assist. PMID- 6533877 TI - The use of bound heparin in prolonged extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. PMID- 6533878 TI - Importance of adsorption-desorption processes of plasma proteins in biomaterials hemocompatibility. PMID- 6533879 TI - Comparison of osmotic and body fluid balance in chronic nonpulsatile biventricular bypass (NPBVB) and total artificial heart (TAH) experiments. PMID- 6533880 TI - Ventricular assist device (VAD) for children: in vitro and in vivo evaluation. PMID- 6533881 TI - Dialysis-induced hypoxemia and hypotension are not causally related. PMID- 6533882 TI - Effects of hemodialysis and hemofiltration on the autonomic control of circulation. PMID- 6533883 TI - Changes in pulmonary vascular tone during early hemodialysis. PMID- 6533884 TI - Slow continuous ultrafiltration in hemodialysis resistant oliguric acute renal failure patients. PMID- 6533885 TI - Use of cryofiltration and plasma exchange in the treatment of systemic vasculitis. PMID- 6533886 TI - Central on-site preparation of substitution fluid for hemofiltration. PMID- 6533887 TI - A new cartridge for phosphate removal in uremic patients. PMID- 6533888 TI - Mortality, morbidity, and life satisfaction in the very old dialysis patient. AB - The average age of dialysis patients is rapidly increasing. In our present program, 20-25% of all patients are 70 yrs or older. We performed survival analysis of all 157 patients 70 yrs and above (mean age 75 yrs) and evaluated risk factors associated with dialysis survival using the Cox proportional hazards model. Morbidity, biochemical status, clinical results and life satisfaction were evaluated in a prevalence study of all 53 in-center and 26 home dialysis patients. In the survival analysis, we found improved survival since January 1, 1976, indicating improvement in dialysis technique up until that time. The 1, 3, and 5 yr survival were 78%, 47%, and 22% respectively. Only arteriosclerotic heart disease and year of entry were significant risk factors; advancing age over age 70 and in-center dialysis were only of marginal importance. The home patients had fewer dialysis symptoms than in-center patients. Almost all patients lived at home. Five patients (6%) were in nursing homes. Most patients were very satisfied with their lives, regarded their health as better than other 70 year old persons, spent time outdoors, participated in church activities, had active hobbies, enjoyed life very much, and scored high on the Karnofsky activity scale. We conclude older patients are excellent dialysis candidates and it is wrong not to consider them for dialysis. PMID- 6533889 TI - High-flux hemodiafiltration: under six hours/week treatment. AB - Better utilization of existing high blood flow in mature vascular accesses with the described new technique of simultaneous high diffusion and convection results in a marked increase of treatment efficiency. Coupled with the better tolerance to high solute and weight removal rates, this approach permits drastic reduction of treatment time over conventional hemodialysis without sacrificing treatment adequacy. PMID- 6533890 TI - Single- or double-cuff peritoneal catheters? A prospective comparison. PMID- 6533891 TI - Optimal dialysate concentrations based on kinetic modeling. PMID- 6533892 TI - Plasma biochemistries in CAPD patients from overnight-dwell dialysate. PMID- 6533893 TI - Molecular selectivity of cryofiltration plasmapheresis: a reappraisal. PMID- 6533894 TI - Equilibration of body water distribution and Na+ balance during hemodialysis (HD) with an ion specific electrode feedback system and integrated computer. PMID- 6533895 TI - Peracetic acid for reuse of hemodialyzers clinical studies. AB - When Renalin was used for reprocessing, the incidences of headache and hypotension were reduced and no changes in serum chemistries were noted. Dialyzer appearance was superior to that achieved with formaldehyde but accompanied by decreases in clearance of urea, creatinine, vitamin B-12 and a fall in KUF. While long-term patient toxicity studies are not yet available, laboratory studies suggest potential problems with carcinogenicity similar to those erroneously attributed to formaldehyde. These data suggest that Renalin may be a suitable alternative to formaldehyde for reprocessing hemodialyzers. PMID- 6533896 TI - Biventricular support for postoperative heart failure. PMID- 6533897 TI - Uremia due to diabetic nephropathy. PMID- 6533898 TI - Cryoglobulin removal with cryofiltration in the treatment of cryoglobulinemia. AB - The technique of cryofiltration has been applied in the treatment of cryoglobulinemia. Good clinical improvement has been demonstrated accompanied by decreases of cryoglobulin levels. Three treatments in a week produced transient improvement of clinical symptoms and reduction of cryoglobulin levels. Follow-up treatments performed at adequate frequency and volume processed maintained relief of symptoms and serologic improvement. The cryofilter demonstrates good selectivity for cryoglobulin removal in cryogel, confirmed by electrophoretic analysis of both the cryogel filtrate from the cryofilter used clinically. Plasma cryofiltration appears to be a safe alternative to plasma exchange, requiring no replacement fluids. PMID- 6533899 TI - Normothermic whole body rinse-out utilizing perfluorochemical(PFC)-containing artificial blood. PMID- 6533900 TI - Enzymatic extracorporeal deheparinization: effects of sub-chronic exposure to heparin fragments. PMID- 6533901 TI - Polyester elastomer as an endothelial substrate. PMID- 6533902 TI - Efficacy and biocompatibility of a novel anti-cancer fiber in hemoperfusion on cancer-bearing rabbits. PMID- 6533903 TI - Iso-oncotic membrane plasmapheresis with predilution. PMID- 6533904 TI - Blood cell effects in membrane plasma separation. AB - The blood cell and membrane properties are important in determining hemolysis and cell deposition, as shown previously, and thus are determinants of the maximum plasma separation rates. In general, membranes with large mean pore sizes exhibit hemolysis at lower operating transmembrane pressures. Surface structure and not necessarily por tortuosity has been found to be more important, at least for the hollow fiber membranes studied. Mean membrane pore data coupled with SEM observations were useful in correlating red cell lysis with membrane properties. The red cell may be likened to a liquid drop, encased by a flexible deformable membrane. Cell deformation, orientation, and rotation increase as does interfacial surface tension with rising rates of shear. A high correlation of interfacial surface tension with shear rate was determined using a filtration model incorporating cell deformability. Interfacial surface tensions of less than 6 dynes/cm for shear rates up to 1000s-1 were found. Inclusion of blood and membrane properties in the analysis of plasma separation gives significantly better fit of the experimental data to theoretical correlations than do other models which exclude their consideration. PMID- 6533905 TI - Cultured endothelium as an artificial stroma for the maintenance of in vitro bone marrow. PMID- 6533906 TI - Aluminum kinetics in patients treated with hemodialysis or hemofiltration with sorbent recycling of ultrafiltrate. PMID- 6533907 TI - Biocompatibility of membrane plasma separation. PMID- 6533908 TI - The blood interface with segmented polyurethanes: "multilayered protein passivation mechanism". PMID- 6533909 TI - Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic studies of plasma protein adsorption under well defined flow conditions. AB - In this study protein adsorption was monitored under well-defined and nearly uniform flow conditions at the test surface. The adsorption profiles observed demonstrated that both tightly and loosely bound proteins may be present on the surface. An understanding of these differently adsorbed species is useful since it appears that they mediate the blood response to artificial materials. The change of characteristic peak positions observed for fibrinogen on germanium and Biomer surfaces may be significant if these spectral differences can be related to changes in protein structure and the in vivo performance of different biomaterials. Finally, the ability to study competitive adsorption is important since advances in this area may eventually led to an understanding of the role adsorbed proteins play in whole blood contact with artificial surfaces. PMID- 6533910 TI - Mechanisms of neutropenia in hemodialysis (HD). PMID- 6533911 TI - Technical aspects of high-flux hemodiafiltration for adequate short (under 2 hours) treatment. AB - The efficiency of hemodialysis can be more than doubled. This involves deviating from conventional blood and dialysate flows, employing dialyzers with greater surface area and permeability, bicarbonate dialysate, and an apparatus capable of rigid volumetric control of the dialysate. Coupled with the better treatment tolerance described elsewhere in this volume, this self-contained and automated technique providing high diffusive and convective transfer permits drastic reductions in treatment time over conventional dialysis: in our study, to under 6 hrs/wk. PMID- 6533912 TI - Continuous single-rate long-term insulin infusion using a totally implantable pump. PMID- 6533913 TI - Efficacies of whole blood and plasma cross circulation on galactosamine induced hepatic failure rats. AB - Galactosamine induced hepatic failure rats were treated by whole blood and plasma cross circulation. While no significant improvement in survival rate was achieved by means of these 2 procedures, oxygen consumption in state 3 and ATP synthesis of mitochondrial function were significantly improved as compared to the sham circulation groups. Maintenance of mitochondrial functions as by extracorporeal perfusion techniques may be advantageous in acute hepatic failure. PMID- 6533914 TI - Extending the functional life of bioresorbable yarns for vascular grafts. PMID- 6533915 TI - Effect of membrane dimensions and shear rate on plasma filtration for hollow fibers. PMID- 6533916 TI - Small vessel replacement with elastomeric protein composite materials: preliminary studies. PMID- 6533917 TI - Effect of silastic tubing wall thickness on ex vivo thrombus formation in a series shunt. PMID- 6533918 TI - Long-term evolution of the neointima on microarterial bioprosthesis. PMID- 6533919 TI - Adsorbed protein visualization on LTI carbon. PMID- 6533920 TI - New materials for cancer therapy. PMID- 6533921 TI - Modulated release from polymeric drug delivery systems using oscillating magnetic fields: in vitro and in vivo characteristics. PMID- 6533922 TI - High incidence of infectious complications with the Hemasite vascular access device. PMID- 6533923 TI - Intravenous transcutaneous vascular access device. AB - The indwelling transcutaneous vascular access device is easily implantable with little more skill or time required than is typically used in placement of standard intravenous needles or catheters. With routine maintenance of the device site, the infection rate in our studies are negligible. Biocompatibilty, assessed by the lack of destruction of blood components and by the paucity of signs of initimal or systemic disease, was good. Over the period of 10 to 21 days, all but one unit maintained adequate flow rates. The device is stable. There was no blood leakage from the area around the limbs in the chronic flow studies or the hemodialysis studies. The one episode of malpositioning occurred after a sudden strong tug on the tubing. A second dacron retaining cuff will be placed on the distal limb. This will be sutured into place and should increase unit stability. There was little evidence of pain or irritation from the device. No thrombotic tendencies were noted at the access site or systemically. The dogs were on Ascriptin and also the model (canine) is not prone to thromboembolic events. Further improvements on the device will include using smoother, more compatible materials: carbon-coated steel, brushed titanium, or covering the steel with PTFE or ceramic rather than the silastic-dacron cuff. Other future changes include the improvement of the device-tubing connection to one in which no blood will be lost when the device is attached to the dialyzer.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6533924 TI - Towards automation of single needle vascular access. AB - In the past, SN devices have not always fulfilled the expectations of clinicians, but adequate extracorporeal blood flows can only be expected from adequate intravascular flows, which of course applies to any SN method. In some instances, problems may have been caused by poor equipment design, but poor understanding and handling of devices may equally have at fault. Improvement of presently available SN equipment therefore seemed necessary. A fully automatic, second generation cross-over SN control device has been designed which is simple to operate and has the following advantages: Operation is restricted to the speed control setting of the blood pump in the host machine. The CO-SN system automatically responds to changes of fistula flow by modulating the stroke volumes. Recirculation can be kept below 10%. The blood pump rate can be adjusted to the maximum flow rate of the cannulated vessel. Obligatory ultrafiltration is eliminated. Blood compartment pressure is constant. The Munich prototype cross over SN module was designed as an auxiliary SN equipment which may substitute the Unipuncture machine. PMID- 6533925 TI - Plasma aluminum and iron kinetics in hemodialyzed patients after i.v. infusion of desferrioxamine. PMID- 6533926 TI - A comparison of glucose polymer and dextrose containing dialysate in CAPD patients. PMID- 6533927 TI - Cellulosic membrane induced leukopenia after reprocessing with sodium hypochlorite. PMID- 6533929 TI - Staph aureus peritonitis in patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. PMID- 6533928 TI - Prolonged dialyzer reuse. AB - Clearance of urea, creatinine, phosphate and B12 in dialyzers reused up to 30 times were unchanged from the initial values. Residual formalin values were within acceptable levels and in several thousand dialyses no untoward reactions of any sort attributable to reuse were encountered. Neutropenia was constantly present with dialyzers prepared by automated reuse. PMID- 6533930 TI - Comparative evaluation of automated devices for reprocessing hemodialyzers: intradialytic patient response. PMID- 6533931 TI - Biological stress induced by extracorporeal circulation: comparison between cardiopulmonary bypass, hemodialysis and plasma exchange. PMID- 6533932 TI - Comparison of double lumen subclavian with single lumen catheter--one year experience. PMID- 6533933 TI - Low dose streptokinase therapy for thrombosed arteriovenous fistulas. PMID- 6533934 TI - Evaluation of treadmill exercise on total artificial heart recipients. PMID- 6533935 TI - Transthoracic defibrillation of 100 kg calves with bidirectional truncated exponential shocks. PMID- 6533936 TI - A flexible, noncollapsible and impermeable inflow graft for long-term implantable left ventricular assist system (LVAS). PMID- 6533937 TI - Therapeutic effect of left ventricular assist device on induced profound left ventricular failure--evaluation by left ventriculography. PMID- 6533938 TI - Compliance chamber--system integration studies. PMID- 6533939 TI - Inhibition of epithelial downgrowth on percutaneous access devices in swine: II. PMID- 6533940 TI - A new pump chamber for the roller pump allows control of flow output by filling pressure. PMID- 6533941 TI - Collagen crosslinks: a critical determinant of bioprosthetic heart valve calcification. PMID- 6533942 TI - Effects of partial left heart bypass (LHB) on the myocardial contractility and hemodynamics of the canine heart. PMID- 6533944 TI - Modern technology with the TAH replacement in fully-grown animals. PMID- 6533943 TI - Overall analysis of the causes of pathophysiological problems in total artificial heart in animals by cardiac receptor hypothesis. PMID- 6533945 TI - Comparison of two methods of kinetic modeling. AB - Kinetic modeling has been shown to be beneficial for a number of reasons in the dialysis population. It is useful as a quality control measure of dialysis, with a critical review of individual dialysis conditions; and it provides quantification for evaluation and change of treatment prescriptions allowing cost saving reduction of treatment times. Kinetic modeling also provides objective patient and staff education with objective nutritional surveillance and improved patient compliance. A comparison of the results from UKM and DDQ for 40 simultaneously modeled patients showed statistically significant differences in pool volume, protein catabolic rate and dialyzer clearance with UKM yielding a higher mean in each case. Pool volumes obtained in DDQ compared more favorably to those obtained by separate calculations based on sex, age, height and weight, indicating greater accuracy in DDQ. This is partly because in DDQ solute removal is measured directly and rigid control of the dialysis process is not required. DDQ is a more accurate, flexible model which provides both an understanding of each individual's dialysis treatment and protein nutriture, thereby improving patient care. PMID- 6533946 TI - Ultrafiltration hemodynamics in an animal model: effect of a decreasing plasma sodium level. AB - Studies in a conscious, nonuremic dog model suggest that use of dialysate hyponatric to plasma tends to cause hypotension during dialytic ultrafiltration by accelerating the rate of contraction of plasma volume. No adverse effect of hyponatric dialysate on total peripheral resistance response could be demonstrated. PMID- 6533947 TI - Patients without kidneys from up to 17 years: bilateral nephrectomy a significant factor in long-term survival, along with lower blood pressure, female gender and younger age. PMID- 6533948 TI - Hickman catheter for pediatric hemodialysis: a 3-year experience. PMID- 6533949 TI - Stable liquid bicarbonate hemodialysate (LBD). PMID- 6533950 TI - Bound and circulating heparin in an ECMO system thrombogenicity versus functionality. PMID- 6533951 TI - Studies of the vasorelaxant effect of acetate. AB - Sodium acetate caused dose-dependent relaxation of helical rat tail artery strips constricted by phenylephrine, potassium chloride and arginine vasopressin. Substantial relaxation was evident at acetate concentrations as low as 4 mM. The results suggest that the vasodilatation of acetate is not limited to receptor dependent or voltage-dependent mechanisms. Acute increases in bath sodium chloride concentration resulted in marked relaxation of vessel strips constricted by phenylephrine and potassium chloride. Arginine vasopressin-constricted strips were quite resistant to the vasorelaxant effect of increased bath sodium chloride. PMID- 6533952 TI - Performance evaluation of conventional and modified double filtration plasmapheresis (DFPP). PMID- 6533953 TI - Selective removal of plasma constituents. PMID- 6533954 TI - Lymphoplasmapheresis for acute systemic lupus erythematosis (SLE). PMID- 6533955 TI - Etiology and treatment of peritonitis. PMID- 6533956 TI - Peritonitis during continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis: the role of host defense mechanisms. PMID- 6533957 TI - Effect of peritoneal access devices on the incidence of peritonitis. PMID- 6533958 TI - An electric motor-driven total artificial heart: seven months survival in the calf. PMID- 6533959 TI - The double bag system for CAPD reduces the peritonitis rate. PMID- 6533960 TI - Can CCPD lower the rate of peritonitis? PMID- 6533961 TI - Role of apheresis in renal diseases. PMID- 6533962 TI - Apheresis is of value in SLE. PMID- 6533963 TI - Apheresis is of no value in SLE. PMID- 6533964 TI - Acute renal failure revisited: the full circle in ARF mortality. PMID- 6533965 TI - The calcium ion and calcium channel blockers in ischemic acute renal failure (ARF). PMID- 6533966 TI - Amino acids in acute renal failure, the controversy between the experimental and clinical data. PMID- 6533967 TI - Continuous arteriovenous hemofiltration for acute renal failure. PMID- 6533968 TI - The cardiopulmonary manifestations of blood-dialyzer (new and reused) interactions in an animal model. PMID- 6533969 TI - Biocompatibility, leachables and membrane structure. PMID- 6533970 TI - Clearance and ultrafiltration of reused dialyzers. PMID- 6533971 TI - Clinical studies supporting the thesis that a reprocessed dialyzer is better than a new dialyzer. PMID- 6533972 TI - Assuring continued progress in artificial organs (presidential address). PMID- 6533974 TI - An implantable ventricular assist system: chronic in vivo performance. PMID- 6533973 TI - Effects of coumadin on thrombus and mineralization in total artificial hearts. PMID- 6533975 TI - How can the total artificial heart (TAH) patient be mobile and enjoy his life with an air driven system? AB - Two air driven VAD and TAH driving and control units were developed for clinical use, one to be installed at the bedside and the other to be installed in an electric wheelchair. The reliability and safety of the bedside unit were shown by long-term TAH experiments using animal models and by clinical application in conjunction with VAD. A TAH goat was safety taken on a 12 hr trip to a destination 550 km away while attached to a bedside unit. The driving and control functions of the wheelchair unit were found to be practically identical to those of the bedside unit. PMID- 6533976 TI - Chronic animal studies with a motor-driven LVAD and an implanted compliance chamber. PMID- 6533977 TI - Cardiac assist by extracorporeal membrane oxygenation with in-line left ventricular venting. AB - We have used a canine heart failure model and extracorporeal circulation to study the limitations of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) for the treatment of cardiac failure. ECMO does not routinely achieve total biventricular bypass and does not effectively decompress the failing left ventricle. The addition of an in-line left ventricular vent (ECMO-lv) provided total biventricular bypass and complete left ventricular decompression in every experiment. ECMO-lv merits consideration as a biventricular bypass system for total mechanical support of the failing heart. PMID- 6533978 TI - Visual pigment biochemistry. Proceedings of the second joint meeting between the British Photobiology Society and the Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology. Bristol, England, 13-16 September 1983. PMID- 6533979 TI - Dynamic processes of visual transduction. AB - Rhodopsin is one of those rare macromolecules whose inherent chromophore, 11-cis retinaldehyde, allows one to naturally observe triggered macromolecular changes on the timescale of picoseconds to minutes. Investigations of these molecular processes have been carried out with laser monochromatic light under conditions where the photon flux used for photolysis was carefully measured. The formation of bleaching intermediates has been examined as a function of fluence. Under conditions where the formation of intermediates is unaffected by photon reversal the following observations hold: Upon the absorption of a photon, the initial photochemical event results in production of metastable bathorhodopsin within 6 psec. Artificial rhodopsin regenerated with 9-cis retinal forms a distinct bathorhodopsin which must reflect distortions at the active site differing from those generated with 11-cis retinal. Bathorhodopsin thermally decays through lumirhodopsin and meta I-rhodopsin, to meta II-rhodopsin through a series of coupled equilibria. The final meta I-meta II equilibrium is stable for seconds. The process provides a unique model for utilization of energy to drive (trigger) a biological cascade of events. PMID- 6533980 TI - Evidence for a common BATHO-intermediate in the bleaching of rhodopsin and isorhodopsin. AB - Nanosecond transient spectroscopic measurements of the BATHO products formed from photolysis of bovine rhodopsin (RHO) and isorhodopsin (ISO) are discussed. BATHO absorption spectra of RHO and ISO differ slightly, but both pigments exhibit wavelength maxima near 560 nm. An additional transient absorption at 440 nm is observed immediately following excitation of RHO but not ISO. The decay times and Arrhenius activation energies of the two 560 nm absorbing transients are the same. In addition to spectral differences in the photolysis of RHO and ISO, the bleaching yield as a function of 532 nm laser power is different, with the yield in RHO saturating at lower laser power than ISO. The bleaching yield of the two pigments has been modeled using the known extinction coefficients and quantum yields for the interconversion of RHO, ISO, and a single BATHO species. Agreement between experiment and the model is found if the effects of the laser polarization are considered. The data are consistent with a common BATHO in the photolysis of RHO and ISO. PMID- 6533981 TI - Kinetic studies on the formation and decay of metarhodopsins from bovine retinas. AB - The kinetics of the equilibration of MRI in equilibrium MRII were studied over a range of temperature and pH. Two methods were used to evaluate the relaxation time of this process. The rate of disappearance of MRI or the rate of appearance of MRII were measured after a light flash. The established equilibrium between these two intermediates at low temperatures was subjected to pressure perturbations. This latter technique was used to show that the equilibrium was truly reversible and to determine the relaxation time. From these experiments the equilibrium constants and forward and reverse rate constants were evaluated under different conditions. The simplest interpretation of our results is that the reaction can be described by a single kinetic step. This step involves a conformation change which is accompanied by a change in pK of approx. 3 units of an ionizing group of rhodopsin, resulting in the uptake of a proton during the formation of MRII. PMID- 6533982 TI - Rhodopsin photoproducts and the visual response of vertebrate rods. AB - Flash responses of the photoreceptors in the isolated, all-rod retina of the skate were recorded extracellularly during exposure of the retina to relatively weak background light of fixed intensity. Under conditions expected to yield approximately constant levels of (previously) bleached visual pigment and transient bleaching intermediates, (quasi-)steady-state, increment receptor thresholds were examined in relation to the prevailing extent of rhodopsin bleaching. The results indicate that, at least for moderate bleaches, the change in log threshold associated with prior bleaching becomes smaller with increasing value of background intensity. This behavior of the increment threshold data is discussed in the context of a recent model (Pepperberg, 1984; Vision Res. 24, 357 366) linking values of photoreceptor threshold during light and dark adaptation with states of the visual pigment molecule. PMID- 6533983 TI - Rhodopsin's protein and carbohydrate structure: selected aspects. AB - A topographic model for rhodopsin has been constructed based upon evaluation of rhodopsin's sequence by a secondary structure prediction algorithm as well as chemical and enzymatic modification of rhodopsin in the membrane [Hargrave et al. (1983) Biophys. Struct. Mech. 9, 235-244]. The non-uniform distribution of several amino acids in the primary structure and within the topographic model is discussed. The seven predicted helices were evaluated and each helix was found to have one surface which is much more hydrophobic than the other. Stereoscopic views of a three dimensional model with a functional color-coding scheme incorporating these features are presented. The amino acid sequence of rhodopsin has been compared to other proteins in the Dayhoff Protein Data Bank. No obvious relationship to any other protein sequenced was found. High resolution proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy was used to reinvestigate the structure and relative proportions of rhodopsin's major and minor oligosaccharide chains. One major (Man3GlcNAc3) and two minor (Man4GlcNAc3 and Man5GlcNAc3) were observed. PMID- 6533985 TI - The gecko visual pigment: the dark exchange of chromophore. PMID- 6533986 TI - Chromatographic resolution of the rod pigment from the four cone pigments of the chicken retina. AB - Chicken rod and cone pigments are chromatographically resolved using a combination of stepwise elution from a concanavalin A affinity column and a secondary ion exchange purification. The rod pigment rhodopsin and the cone pigment iodopsin are purified to homogeneity. There is a partial separation of three other cone pigments: chicken green, chicken blue, and chicken violet, making clear that this is at least a tetrachromatic cone system. PMID- 6533984 TI - The structure of mammalian rod opsins. AB - Ovine rhodopsin is organised in disc membranes as a monomer. The determination of its amino acid sequence has permitted the utilisation of structure prediction programmes which indicate the probable disposition of the polypeptide chain in the bilayer. This putative model is consistent with labelling data using the chemical probes, [14C]succinic anhydride, [125I]diazodiido sulphanilic acid and [125I]iodophenyl azide, and with the cleavage points for several proteases. More surprisingly the predicted structure points to the occurrence of breaks/distortions in the transmembrane helical segments. These distorted regions may be of primary functional importance to the protein and at least one is associated with the attachment point of the chromophore. This particular part of the structure is also identified as a "mutational hot spot", for bovine, equine, ovine and porcine opsins exhibit different sequences (but conserved molecular volumes) in the four residues following the retinyllysine. In an otherwise highly conserved protein with no obvious functional differences between the four species, the high substitution rate in this region is unexplained. PMID- 6533987 TI - Annual variations in the visual pigments of brown trout inhibiting lochs providing different light environments. AB - Visual pigments were extracted at regular intervals over the year from trout (Salmo trutta) inhabiting three Scottish lochs. Measurements of the spectral quality of the light in the lochs were also made. In all cases only A2-based pigment was found in the winter, with A1-based pigment appearing as well in summer. Fish from Loch Turret had significantly less A1-based pigment than fish from the other two lochs. Loch Turret differs from the other two lochs in being dystrophic, as opposed to eutrophic, and the light penetrating into it has more long wavelength energy. Possible correlations between this environmental difference and the visual pigments of the three trout populations are discussed. PMID- 6533988 TI - Rod outer segment membranes: good acceptors for retinoids? AB - The exchange of all-trans retinoids (retinal, retinol, retinylpalmitate) between PC-vesicles, PC-vesicles and liver microsomes or PC-vesicles and rod outer segment membranes is investigated using 11,12(3)H labeled compounds. In the first two systems, retinal and retinol exchange rapidly, retinyl acetate slowly and retinyl palmitate not at all. Rod outer segment membranes however take up relatively small amounts of retinoids (retinylpalmitate less than retinol less than retinal) and rapidly lose 60-90% of their label in the presence of PC vesicles. E.G. retinoids clearly favour the PC-vesicle membrane. Apparently, rod outer segment membranes have a much lower affinity for retinoids than other artificial or natural membranes investigated so far. PMID- 6533989 TI - Squid m-retinochrome. Two forms of metaretinochrome. AB - When retinochrome absorbs light, it bleaches to m-retinochrome, which may act as a direct supplier of 11-cis-retinal to protein opsin to form rhodopsin. The present experiments were aimed at further elucidating the molecular state of m retinochrome. Retinochrome and m-retinochome were mixed each with sodium borohydride, subjected to sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and the resultant fluorescence bands were examined. The reduced retinochrome showed only one band due to N-retinyl protein, whereas the reduced m retinochrome had two bands. When extracted with successive volumes of n-hexane, m retinochrome released the 11-cis-retinal chromophore in a time-course consisting of fast and slow phases. These findings indicated that m-retinochrome exists in two forms, with loose and tight coupling of the chromophore to the protein moiety. Those forms were usually balanced in a molar ratio of about 1:2, and the proportion of the tight form of m-retinochrome was increased in the presence of excess 11-cis-retinal. Based upon these findings, the role of m-retinochrome in the visual cells is discussed. PMID- 6533990 TI - Absorptance and spectral sensitivity measurements of rod photoreceptors of the tiger salamander, Ambystoma tigrinum. AB - The spectral sensitivity of the extracellularly-recorded photoresponse of isolated rods of the tiger salamander, Ambystoma tigrinum, was compared to the absorptance spectrum. Both measurements were made with the same optical system on the same portion of each cell to avoid errors that could occur when the two kinds of measurement were made under different conditions. The relative spectral sensitivity and absorptance spectrum were found to be in excellent agreement between 450 and 700 nm. PMID- 6533991 TI - The cone oil droplets of avian retinas. AB - The cone oil droplets of 19 species of birds from 11 families were examined by microspectrophotometry. Individual droplets were expanded with mineral oil, suspended in aqueous glycerol, and absorbance spectra measured between 700 and 320 nm. A classification of oil droplets is proposed, in which objective measurements of their carotenoids are related to the size, position and visual appearance of the droplets under the microscope. Some droplets contain no carotenoid and are transparent at wavelengths longer than 320 nm. Other droplets appear colorless but contain carotenoids absorbing at 385 or 402 nm. The pale droplets that have traditionally been described as greenish contain a mixture of two carotenoids. All of these types are distinct from yellow and red droplets. Red droplets contain astaxanthin esters, and yellow droplets contain a carotenoid with a spectrum similar to zeaxanthin. The 402 nm chromophore is galloxanthin, a C27 apo-carotenoid with 8 double bonds. The in vivo optical densities are 1-4 in the paler droplets, range up to about 8 in the yellow droplets, and can exceed 20 in the red droplets. All droplets that contain carotenoid can exhibit substantial absorption in the near u.v. The frequencies of the several droplet types in the retinas of different species suggests that these organelles respond readily to natural selection and may be involved in more than one function. PMID- 6533992 TI - A new microspectrophotometric method for measuring absorbance of rat photoreceptors. AB - A method has been developed for obtaining visual pigment absorbance spectra from fixed, frozen sections of the albino rat retina. The retinas are transversely sectioned at various thicknesses on a cryo-microtome and the resulting slices are examined with a photon-counting microspectrophotometer. Problems caused by the limited pigment content of small receptors are reduced and measurements can be made at well-specified locations along the retinal section. This method is both precise and accurate and permits comparisons across sections and across animals. PMID- 6533993 TI - Electrophysiological characterization of the spectral sensitivities of horizontal cells in cyprinid fish retina. AB - The spectral characteristics of horizontal cells of roach retina have been studied by a multi-disciplinary approach. Intracellular recording was combined with localized irradiation of the retina with spectrally selective laser beams to facilitate quantitative analyses. L1HC's were driven mainly by red (R)--sensitive cones. CbHC's were depolarized by R- and hyperpolarized by green (G)--and blue (B)--sensitive cones. The hyperpolarizing responses of L2HC's were also driven by B-, and G-sensitive cones, and, in addition, some depolarized to a 675 nm test stimulus. L2 units were relatively more abundant in dark-adapted retinae; during light adaptation, they became progressively less abundant. It is suggested that the spectral characteristics of some HC's are influenced by the adaptational state of the retina. PMID- 6533994 TI - Curvature of binocular visual space. A modified method of right triangle. AB - A modified method of right triangle was proposed to estimate curvature of binocular visual space, as the empirical relation between the physical and visual spaces. Four experiments were reported and three conclusions were drawn from the results: the locus of apparent equidistance lies between the physically equidistant curve and the Vieth-Muller circle; visual angle is overestimated; the curvature is dependent on both angular separation of light points and their viewing direction. PMID- 6533995 TI - The neon color effect in the Ehrenstein pattern. Dependence on wavelength and illuminance. AB - The neon color effect can be described as an illusory spread of color surrounding colored lines embedded in certain line gaps. The effect is seen in the Ehrenstein pattern if colored crosses are added to the central gaps so as to connect the inner tips of the pattern. Experiments were conducted to explore the dependence of this neon color effect on the wavelength and retinal illuminance of the inducing lines. The following results were obtained: neon color effects are strong when the wavelength of the crosses is in the short- (less than 480 nm) or long-wave part of the spectrum (greater than 620 nm) and the wavelength of the Ehrenstein pattern is in the middle-wave part (500-580 nm). Effects are weak or absent when the crosses and the pattern have similar wavelengths. The neon color effect is just detectable when the ratio between the retinal illuminances of the Ehrenstein pattern and the crosses ranges from 0.1 to 0.8. The neon color effect is maximal at illuminance ratios ranging from 0.8 to 8. The strength of the neon color effect is independent of the illuminance level of the crosses if the illuminance ratio to the Ehrenstein pattern is maintained. PMID- 6533997 TI - The visual fields of the tawny owl, Strix aluco L. AB - The uniocular retinal field of Strix aluco is highly asymmetrical. The maximum width of 124 degrees is less than that recorded in any other vertebrate. Maximum retinal binocular field width equals 48 degrees and the optic axes diverge by 55 degrees. Maximum binocularity occurs above the bill whose tip lies outside of the visual field. The cyclopean retinal field has a maximum width of 201 degrees. Limited data on the visual fields of the pigeon are also presented. All of these data are compared with visual field widths in other species and the significance of the owl eye's tubular shape, its nasad asymmetry, and the possible factors influencing binocular field width are discussed. PMID- 6533996 TI - Retinal image noise and vernier acuity. AB - The effects of optically produced "noise" in the retinal luminance distribution of a vernier stimulus are demonstrated in two experiments. In the first, vernier performance with a bright, two-dot target is shown to improve upon the introduction of a luminous background field, relative to performance with a completely dark background. The brighter background probably acts as an adapting field, reducing the visibility of the retinal image "noise". The second experiment demonstrates that, under defocused conditions, introduction of a low pass spatial filter that removes phase-reversed high spatial frequency components can enhance vernier performance. Thus, high spatial frequency information may interfere with the vernier response when phase information is disturbed by defocus. PMID- 6533998 TI - Area-threshold relations at controlled retinal locations in 1-month-old infants. AB - A fixation-and-flash technique has been developed to provide control over the retinal eccentricities of stimuli presented to infant subjects, to within a few degrees of visual angle. The technique is a variant of forced-choice preferential looking (FPL). An adult observer triggers presentation of the test stimulus when she judges that the infant is fixating a centrally located fixation target. The stimuli are short in relation to the infant's refixation latency. Auxiliary experiments confirmed that on most trials the stimuli fell within +/- 4 degrees of the designated eccentricity. Test fields of two sizes, 3.1 and 17 degrees, were presented to 1-month-old infants at one of four retinal locations, 9, 18, 27 and 36 degrees eccentric. The infants' data show a perfect area-intensity tradeoff at all four locations. Adult control subjects showed summation over areas of only 1-2 degrees. The results are discussed in relation to other evidence of coarse spatial processing in human infants and other immature mammalian systems. PMID- 6533999 TI - Movement adaptation in the peripheral retina. AB - With strict fixation, the eye quickly adapts to moving periodic stimuli presented to the peripheral retina. A slowly spinning sector disk, 7 degrees in diameter, will rapidly appear to slow down and come to a standstill (within 5-25 sec). The time required for this full motion adaptation decreases with (a) increasing retinal eccentricity (30-70 degrees); (b) increasing number of sectors (16-60); and (c) decreasing speed of rotation (0.3-0.5 rev/sec). After the standstill, the disk fades from view in much the same way as a stationary stimulus (Troxler effect). A spinning disk presented to the temporal retina appears to stop about 2.5 times faster than a disk presented to the nasal side. Adapting one eye reduces the time of adaptation for the other eye by 70%. If an aperiodic sector disk is used, no standstill is perceived. PMID- 6534000 TI - Characteristics of saccades in human infants. AB - Infants (14-151 days) and adults were shown two-dimensional geometric forms or stimuli from a set of highly textured patterns. Their eye movements were recorded by an infrared corneal reflection eye movement recorder as they freely scanned the stimuli. For both infants and adults, linear relationships were found between the peak velocities of fast eye movements and their amplitudes (main sequences). Infants viewing texture stimuli had main sequences with slopes comparable to those of adults. Infants viewing simple geometric forms made slower saccades. They also showed more eye movement oscillations which analyses showed were probably back-to-back saccades. Both the slower saccades and saccadic oscillations were attributed to factors related to the attentional value of the stimuli. PMID- 6534001 TI - Cooperative phenomena in apparent movement perception of random-dot cinematograms. AB - To determine if apparent movement perception of random-dot cinematograms (RDC) is a cooperative process, we examined the interaction between adjacent areas whose movement, when perceived independently, was in opposite directions. The stimulus contained alternating ambiguous and unambiguous horizontal random-dot stripes of equal width. The ambiguous areas were biased in a specific direction opposite to the movement of the unambiguous areas. The cooperative process was evaluated by noting that the unambiguous areas were able to reverse the perceived direction of the ambiguous areas. Thus all dots were seen to move uniformly in the unambiguous direction. This phenomenon was dependent on the amount of bias inserted in the ambiguous areas and the width of the stripes. A Cooperative Strength (CS) index was computed. We found that CS depended on the stripe width, and that the average cooperative neighborhood was about 15 min arc in visual angle, suggesting a relationship to the diameter of cortical hypercolumns. PMID- 6534002 TI - Voluntary selection of the target for smooth eye movement in the presence of superimposed, full-field stationary and moving stimuli. AB - Prior work has shown that smooth eye movements in the presence of both stationary and moving stimuli are determined, at least in part, by the voluntary selection of either the stationary or the moving stimulus as the target for smooth eye movements. The effectiveness of voluntary selection in eliminating the influence of the stimuli not selected (i.e. backgrounds) on smooth eye movement is not known because prior studies used targets and backgrounds with different physical characteristics. Thus, effects of voluntary selection were confounded with the relative strength of target and background as stimuli for smooth eye movements. We measured eye movements (resolution 1') of two highly-experienced eye movement subjects with a target and background with the same physical characteristics: two, identical, full-field, superimposed patterns of randomly-positioned dots (1 dot/deg2 or 8 dots/deg2). One field was stationary and the other moved at 70.2 minarc/sec. The effect of the moving background on smooth eye movements when the stationary field was the target, and the effect of the stationary background on smooth eye movements when the moving field was the target was negligible (0-4% for one subject; 0-2% for the other). The influence of the background on smooth eye movements was affected by a six-fold reduction in the intensity of either the target or background, but effects of such intensity changes were small and different for each subject. Taken together, these results show that the effectiveness of voluntary selection in eliminating the influence of background stimuli on smooth eye movements can be virtually complete. Any observed influence of the background--however small--can be attributed to voluntary factors (e.g. subjects' failure to apply sufficient effort or attention) rather than to the operation of an involuntary mechanism that automatically integrates velocity information from target and background. The attention and effort required to ensure that voluntary selection is perfect may impair the accuracy of psychophysical judgments made about the background. PMID- 6534003 TI - Interocular transfer of a chromatic frequency shift: temporal constraints. AB - Interocular transfer of a chromatic version of the Blakemore and Sutton (1969) [Science 166, 245-247] spatial frequency shift is not obtained with long steady (3000 msec) test presentation, but does occur when the test is brief (400 msec) or flickering. By contrast, interocular transfer of achromatic spatial frequency adaptation occurs with long steady tests as well as with brief or flickering tests. PMID- 6534004 TI - Behavioral measurements of accommodative amplitude in rhesus monkeys. AB - The extent of voluntary accommodation was investigated behaviorally in two young rhesus monkeys and an adult human using a modified minus-lens technique. Specifically, contrast sensitivity for a high spatial frequency grating was determined as a function of spectacle lens power. Accommodative amplitudes derived from contrast sensitivity vs lens power functions indicate that young monkeys have at least 17 to 18 D of voluntary accommodation and that the accommodative amplitudes of monkeys are larger than those of equivalent-aged humans. PMID- 6534005 TI - Accommodative range in amblyopic monkeys (Macaca nemestrina). AB - Three naturally strabismic and two chronic bilaterally atropinized monkeys were tested for spatial contrast sensitivity and range of accommodation. All eyes that showed deficits in contrast sensitivity also showed deficits in accommodation. The strabismic monkeys all showed interocular differences in their CSFs and in their accommodative ranges. The atropine monkeys had no interocular differences on either measure. However, one had depressed contrast sensitivity relative to normal and also showed a reduced accommodative range. A statistically significant correlation was found between the high frequency cutoffs of the CSFs and accommodative ranges. These deficits in accommodative range that accompany contrast sensitivity losses in the monkey are similar to the deficits in accommodative range that accompany amblyopia in humans. PMID- 6534006 TI - The contribution of on-bipolar cells to the electroretinogram of rabbits and monkeys. A study using 2-amino-4-phosphonobutyrate (APB). AB - We have obtained electroretinograms (ERGs) from rabbits and macaque monkeys after vitreal administration of 2-amino-4-phosphonobutyrate (APB), which selectively blocks light-responsiveness in retinal on-bipolar cells. Microelectrode recordings from central visual structures provided an independent measure of the drug effects. In rabbits, APB blocked the b-wave, a sustained corneal-positive potential, and a transient corneal-negative off-response. In monkeys, APB abolished the b-wave but had little or no effect on the d-wave. The d-wave could be eliminated, however, by the use of broadband blue stimuli. The results are discussed in light of recent hypotheses about the cellular origins of the ERG. PMID- 6534007 TI - How do we discriminate relative spatial phase? AB - Discrimination of the relative spatial phase of sinusoids is reformulated as a local contrast discrimination task. This provides a good account of performance with gratings composed of a fundamental and either its second or fourth harmonic. The contrast of the compounds (including a fundamental and its third harmonic) are then varied, keeping the contrast ratio of the components constant, and it is found that performance improves with increasing contrast. The exponent of the power equation relating a base contrast measure to the contrast difference at threshold is derived (assuming the above reformulation to be valid). The average exponent (0.54) is in the range expected from contrast increment detection literature. The effect of contrast on performance is predicted very well. Phase per se does not need to be considered. PMID- 6534008 TI - Nucleoside triphosphates and hydrolysis-resistant analogues: effects on PIII responses in the isolated skate retina. AB - Responses to test flashes were recorded extracellularly from the aspartate treated, isolated retina of the skate, before and after topical application to the retina of solutions containing GTP, ATP, or certain hydrolysis-resistant analogues. When applied to strongly light-adapted retinas (greater than or equal to 87% bleached), the analogues p(CH2)ppG, p(NH)ppG and p(CH2)ppA induced sustained decreases in threshold of the PIII response. Similar treatment of light adapted retinas with GTP or ATP also promoted decreases in threshold, but these changes appeared relatively transient. All of the test substances lacked significant activity when applied to dark-adapted (unbleached) retinas. The results are discussed in relation to other studies examining the effects of light on GTP- and ATP-dependent processes within the photoreceptors. PMID- 6534009 TI - Linear color opponency in carp retinal ganglion cells. AB - Double opponent (i.e. red/green cone opponent in center and surround of the receptive field) ganglion cells in photopic carp retina were studied. It was found that a subclass of these cells (about 30%) was linearly opponent. For these cells the response to stimulation of the receptive field center could be constructed by summation of the responses due to stimulation of the red and green cone components separately. These linear opponent cells had smaller receptive field sizes than the nonlinear double opponent ganglion cells. Both strong (i.e. showing a marked sign inversion when wavelength is varied) and weak color opponency (i.e. showing no such inversion) can be found in the same linear double opponent ganglion cells. It is shown that such different behaviour can be understood from the change in amplitude, when intensity is varied, of the red and green cone components of the center responses of the cells. For small spots and low intensities, the red cone component dominates, which results in weak opponency; for large spots or high intensities strong opponency is observed. PMID- 6534010 TI - Temporal frequency discrimination above threshold. AB - Temporal frequency discrimination was measured above threshold with a two alternative spatial forced-choice procedure. Stimuli were two 1 deg homogeneous fields modulated around a mean luminance of 3.7 log trolands. Observers determined which of the two stimuli was modulated at a higher frequency. To avoid differences in apparent modulation depth as a cue for discrimination, all stimuli were matched in apparent modulation depth to an 11 Hz standard that was 0.5 log units above its threshold. Adaptation, caused by repeated presentation of suprathreshold stimuli, was avoided by using a 15 sec inter-trial interval. The relative difference thresholds (delta f/f) were a non-monotonic function of frequency. Discrimination was best near 1.5, 4.0 and 30.0 Hz (delta f/f = 0.08) and worst near 20.0 Hz (delta f/f = 0.50). Control experiments showed that the improvement in discrimination beyond 20.0 Hz was not an artifact of mismatches in apparent modulation depth. These results demonstrate the existence of multiple channels sensitive to different ranges of temporal frequency. PMID- 6534011 TI - A three channel model of temporal frequency perception. AB - This paper derives the constraints on a set of channels that would be consistent with the results of several experiments on the temporal properties of the visual system, and it describes a specific set of channels that meet these constraints. Data on simultaneous detection and discrimination require a minimum of three channels. Temporal frequency discrimination at and above threshold constrain the bandwidths and locations of the channels. The shape of the temporal modulation sensitivity function constrains their sensitivities. The functions that meet these constraints are similar to those derived from masking data, and they can account for data on flicker matching, notch losses in modulation sensitivity, and changes of perceived temporal frequency with changes of modulation depth. PMID- 6534012 TI - The effects of large orientation and spatial frequency differences on spatial discriminations. AB - We have examined two questions: (1) can the finest orientation discrimination be achieved only between stimuli with similar spatial frequency content? and likewise, (2) can the lowest spatial frequency discrimination thresholds be achieved only with parallel gratings? In 2 AFC tests we found that neither type of discrimination was affected by stimulus differences along the other dimension. However, some small decreases in method of adjustment matching accuracy were associated with large differences along the secondary dimensions. Considering the neurophysiological implications, these data suggest that fine orientation and spatial frequency discrimination can occur even though separate populations of neurones in the primary visual cortex may be activated by the two stimuli to be discriminated. PMID- 6534013 TI - Bezold-Brucke hue shift and nonlinearity in opponent-color process. AB - Dependence of the red-green and yellow-blue opponent-color responses on stimulus intensity was examined. First, each of four chromatic responses was measured as a function of illuminance by using a hue cancellation procedure. The cancellation redness and greenness increased proportionally with illuminance, but the cancellation yellowness and blueness did not. Second, the relative growth rate with illuminance between the two opponent-color systems was determined by using a technique of the estimation of hue ratio. The result gave a support to the view that the Bezold-Brucke hue shift is contributed mainly by the opponent-colors neural interactive process. It was suggested that the nonlinear transduction of the yellow-blue system, producing the hue shift, might have a close relation to the change with stimulus intensity in the relative sensitivity of the short wavelength cone mechanism to the long- and middle-wavelength cone mechanisms. PMID- 6534014 TI - Penguin vision in air and water. AB - Refractive states measured by retinoscopy and photorefraction indicate that rockhopper (Eudyptes crestatus), Magellanic (Spheniscus magellanicus) and gentoo (Pygoscelis papua) penguins are approximately emmetropic in air and water. Extensive myopia in air, as predicted by early authors, is nonexistent. Photorefractive measurements of refractive state in water indicate that rockhopper, gentoo, Magellanic and king (Aptenodytes patagonica) penguins can accommodate sufficiently to make up for the loss of refractive power of the cornea. Corneas of rockhopper and Megellanic penguins are flattened relative to the overall size of the eye. This feature minimizes the optical effect of submergence. PMID- 6534015 TI - Spatial frequency interference effects and interpolation in vernier acuity. AB - Discrete spatial sampling of sinusoidal gratings has a detrimental effect upon vernier acuity for such stimuli if the sampling rate is less than 20 c/deg. We have examined the possibility that interpolation failure is due to masking by spatial frequency components near to the signal frequency. In an explicit masking paradigm, vernier acuity for a sine wave grating was found to be adversely affected by the presence of a masking grating falling within a critical band of frequencies near the test target. In the sampled stimulus, removal of sampling replicas similar in frequency to the test improved acuity, but the extent of the residual interference by high frequency components could not be predicted from the masking data. The high frequency interference effect depended on fixed phase relations between frequency components, creating narrow bright bars in the spatial luminance profile, and was greatly reduced by phase randomizing the sampling replicas. Various explanations of this nonlinear behaviour are discussed, including the Marr-Hildreth theory of edge detection. PMID- 6534016 TI - Binocular simple cells for local stereopsis: comparison of receptive field organizations for the two eyes. AB - If a cell is to serve as a depth detector in a local stereopsis mechanism, it could indicate the depth of a specific object feature by responding only when that feature is located at the cell's preferred depth and being silent at other depths, the preferred depth varying from cell to cell over a small range. In order to assign a depth value to a particular object feature, the two receptive fields of the cell should respond to one and the same feature in the visual field. This can be done only if the organizations of the two receptive fields are identical or nearly so. Out of 31 cells in the simple family in the cat striate cortex, 15 were selected as having a monocular response from each eye sufficient to be able to examine their receptive field organizations in quantitative detail. The two receptive fields of each cell were remarkably similar in respect to the number, spatial sequence and position disparities of the response peaks to moving light and dark bars, as well as in respect to the relative ocular dominances, peak separations and direction selectivities of the response peaks to the two kinds of bar. PMID- 6534017 TI - A mechanism for suppression of optokinesis. AB - We have studied optokinetic responses to oscillating patterns of dots, and the suppression of these responses by a foveally stabilized target. Such a target suppressed most of the optokinetic response, although the target provided neither retinal target motion nor target offset from the fovea. This indicates that suppression of OKN can occur by other means than smooth pursuit eye movements to traditional stimuli. We studied the form of the suppression for different optokinetic stimulus strengths and stimulus frequencies (0.25-1.0 Hz). The results show that over this frequency range the optokinetic response is substantial, and also that the suppression continues to operate. We also examined the time-course of suppression: it begins to appear within 150-200 msec of the appearance of a fixation target in motion relative to the optokinetic stimulus field. PMID- 6534018 TI - Receptive field properties of the photopic luminosity horizontal cell of carp retina. AB - The receptive field of the LEHC of the carp's retina is different when tested with red versus green stimuli. The sensitivities to 706 nm vs 519 nm flashes were compared for various size spots centered on the receptive field. Full summation (area times intensity equaling a constant at threshold) and greater than full summation were found to occur up to larger diameters of spots with red illumination than with green. A further test was made of the effect of constant background green (502 nm) illumination on the sensitivity to red vs green flashes. At all background intensities the sensitivity to red vs green flashes. At all background intensities the sensitivity to green flashes was reduced, but over an optimal range of background intensities the sensitivity to red flashes was increased. These findings are explained in terms of a previously proposed model of cone-LEHC connections. PMID- 6534019 TI - Some unusual properties of neurones in the cat posterotemporal cortex. AB - Visual receptive fields (RF) of 103 single units in posterotemporal cortex (area 21) were investigated in cats immobilized by d-tubocurarine. The method of express-mapping of the RF allows to estimate every 3.3 min its localization, size and configuration. A considerable variability of RF size and form was revealed in 35% of units. In 88% of the unit studied the RFs were invariant with adaptation level. Little dependence of the response on the length of the light bar, but a definite orientational sensitivity was found. Spontaneous displacements of the RF in the visual field are found in 14% of the visually activated cells. Such RF dislocations varied in magnitude from 3.5 upto 25 degrees and were mainly horizontal. The mechanisms of RF variability and displacement in the visual field are discussed in connection with possible influence of the copy of the motor command that introduces corrections in the visual coordinates in area 21 to provide for the constancy of vision. PMID- 6534020 TI - Short test flashes produce large tilt aftereffects. AB - Using a staircase method, the tilt aftereffect (TAE) was measured with test flashes of durations ranging from 10 to 600 msec. The TAE is largest with brief duration test stimuli and reaches an asymptotic value at a test flash duration of 200-300 msec. A series of control experiments rule out a variety of explanations for this finding. The decline in TAE magnitude with increasing test duration is not due to decay, nor can the large TAEs produced by brief stimuli be explained in terms of their lower effective luminance or contrast. The results suggest that brief stimuli are processed by a different subset of processes or channels than are longer stimuli. PMID- 6534021 TI - Spatial frequency selectivity of remote pattern masking. AB - Sudden movement of a high contrast grating in peripheral retina selectively reduces the sensitivity of human observers to low spatial frequency sinusoidal gratings, presented at the fovea. The suppression is similar to that observed using spots as targets. It is suggested that both these effects result from masking by the physiological periphery effect. PMID- 6534022 TI - Spatial summation in visual noise. AB - Contrast thresholds were measured for sinusoidal gratings, with Gaussian spatial and temporal envelopes, as a function of spatial extent in the presence and absence of dynamic white noise. Spatial frequencies ranged from 0.5 to 32 c/deg. Efficiency is defined as the ratio of the ideal's contrast-energy threshold to that of the observer under study, each at the same performance level. For spatial frequencies from 0.5 to 8 c/deg, efficiencies for gratings in noise ranged from 8 to 30% for widths less than one cycle, but dropped rapidly as the width was increased beyond one cycle. Spatial summation of gratings in noise resembles the performance of a cross-correlator whose template is matched to a signal about 1 cycle wide (between 1/e points). The psychometric function slope is consistent with this idea. PMID- 6534023 TI - A method of presenting full-field images with minimal distortion. AB - A method of presenting an image covering the total monocular visual field is described. The geometry of distortion in this full-field image is analysed. Computations demonstrate that local tangential and radial distortion can be minimised by selection of the surface shape, projection and viewing distances. Image luminance distribution can be computed and appears tolerable for most experimental purposes. A unidirectional grating can be presented with the local magnification varying by less than 3% from the central value over the total monocular visual field. For projection of images or gratings with multiple orientations distortion of up to + or - 25% may need to be tolerated. Such systems could have many applications in vision research where unrestricted fields are necessary. A miniature prototype diffusing surface has been generated to produce a full-field grating image with tolerable distortion. An experiment is described to demonstrate the feasibility of plotting a full-field contrast sensitivity function. PMID- 6534024 TI - Stereopsis during continuous head motion. AB - This study investigated the degree to which the processing of stereoscopic information is degraded by side-to-side head rotations of amplitudes and frequencies known to disrupt binocular correspondence. Forced-choice recognition thresholds were obtained for a briefly presented stereoscopic test stimulus, formed from a dynamic random-element stereogram, under conditions of active head rotation. Thresholds were not impaired by such head movements, a result consistent with the hypothesis that precise binocular correspondence is not essential for the processing of stereoscopic information. PMID- 6534025 TI - [Catamnestic studies in psychotherapy--problems and results up to now]. PMID- 6534026 TI - [Individually oriented research results: assessment and evaluation of the effects of therapy based on individual treatment goals. 2: Use and evaluation aspects]. PMID- 6534027 TI - [Criterion of "effectiveness" of psychotherapeutic treatment methods: definition and empirical determination]. PMID- 6534028 TI - [Remarks on Freud's "Note on the 'Wunderblock'"]. PMID- 6534029 TI - [Configuration frequency analysis. XX. Types and syndromes of the 2d order (complex types)]. PMID- 6534030 TI - [Configuration frequency analysis. XXIa. Stress-induced catecholamine reactions in hyper- and normotensive patients]. PMID- 6534031 TI - The carboxyterminus of the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase of Newcastle disease virus is exposed at the surface of the viral envelope. AB - The amino-terminal and the carboxy-terminal amino acids of the hemagglutinin neuraminidase glycoprotein of the Ulster strain of Newcastle disease virus have been analyzed before and after proteolytic activation of the precursor HNo (Mr approximately 82K). The amino termini of HNo and of the large cleavage fragment HN (approximately 74K) obtained by in vivo and in vitro proteolysis could not be sequenced by Edman degradation. This indicates that in both instances the amino termini are blocked. The carboxy termini of HNo and HN are different as demonstrated by end-point digestion with carboxypeptidase A. Furthermore, a small cleavage fragment (approximately 9K) of HNo that was removed from the virion after trypsin treatment could be purified by HPLC. In contrast to HN, this fragment displays a free amino terminus susceptible to Edman degradation. These data indicate that conversion of HNo involves removal of a 9K glycopeptide from the carboxy-terminal end. Thus, it has to be concluded that, unlike most other viral glycoproteins, the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase is inserted in the envelope with its carboxy terminus exposed at the surface of the virus particle. PMID- 6534032 TI - Measles virus gene expression in subacute sclerosing panencephalitis. AB - RNA was extracted from the diseased brain of a case of human subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) and analysed for the expression of measles-specific RNA. Measles virus-specific mRNAs were present, but the amount of matrix (M) protein mRNA was greatly reduced in comparison to lytically infected cells and phospho- (P) protein mRNA was hardly detectable whereas the level of the corresponding intermediate-sized (is-) RNA was greatly increased. RNA obtained from the human brain was also translated in vitro and measles virus nucleocapsid and P protein was produced. However, in marked contrast to control reactions M protein was not detected in the products formed by translation in vitro. These results indicate an impaired measles virus M protein mRNA synthesis in infected brain tissue. PMID- 6534033 TI - Indications of limb amputation in Zambian neonates. PMID- 6534034 TI - Mesenteric cyst (case reports and review of the literature). PMID- 6534035 TI - Renal tuberculosis in Zambia: observation on 900 consecutive autopsies. PMID- 6534036 TI - [Acquisition of a lever press behavior by mice in a water reinforcement situation]. AB - An operant chamber for mice, consisting of two adjacent compartments of W 130 X L 120 X H 150 mm, with a liquid dispenser which is operated by lever press was prepared. Using the apparatus, the applicability of mice for the study of learning of lever press behavior in a water reinforcement situation was investigated. Animals were deprived of water in the home cage and water was only supplied in the operant chamber by the lever press. A session of 15 min training was performed daily. By continuous reinforcement schedule, animals learned the lever pressing by 3 sessions. With these trained animals which attained more than 150 responses further experiments with a fixed ratio (FR) schedule was made, from FR 1 to FR 20. The best increase in responses was observed when the FR was regularly and gradually stepped up from 1 to 20 by every 5 sessions. Scopolamine, 1 mg/kg ip, significantly suppressed the lever press at FR 1 sessions, and the latency time until the first lever press was also prolonged significantly in these sessions. Thus, the applicability of mice for the study of learning of lever press behavior and the experimental schedules were established. PMID- 6534037 TI - Circadian variation in the ambulation-increasing effect of apomorphine after repeated administration in mice. AB - Circadian variation in the ambulation-increasing effect of apomorphine was investigated after repeated administration in mice. The mice housed in a 12 hr light-dark situation (light period; 6:00-18:00) were treated with apomorphine (0.5 mg/kg) or physiological saline vehicle sc at one of 6 times of day (3:30, 7:30, 11:30, 15:30, 19:30 and 23:30). The same treatment was carried out 5 times at intervals of 7 days, and the ambulatory activity was measured for 1 hr after each administration. Repeated administration of apomorphine produced a reverse tolerance (an augmentation in the activity) to the drug. However, the circadian variation in the activity, which was at maximum during the late dark period (administration at 3:30) and at minimum during the late light period (administration at 15:30), was well maintained even after the repeated administration. The circadian variation in the ambulatory activity observed at the 1st administration in the saline-treated control mice, which was at maximum and minimum during the late dark period and mid light period (administration at 11:30), respectively, tended to abolish after the repeated saline administration. The mice that experienced repeated administration of apomorphine exhibited a cross reverse tolerance to methamphetamine (1 mg/kg sc). The cross reverse tolerance occurred throughout the day, and the circadian variation in the effect of methamphetamine, which was similar to that of apomorphine, was also maintained. PMID- 6534038 TI - Characterization of immunoglobulin G binding to Staphylococcus aureus strain Wood 46. AB - Protein A (PA)-activity was detected in Staphylococcus aureus strain Wood 46 which had been considered to be PA-negative. This staphylococcal strain bound 28% of 125I-labelled IgG, compared with 89% by strain Cowan I. The binding activities of both S. aureus strains were saturable, time-dependent and specific. The dissociation constants of 1.6 X 10(-9) M for Wood 46 and 9.3 X 10(-8) M for Cowan I indicated a similar affinity for human IgG in both strains. The number of IgG binding sites were estimated to be 16,970 for Wood 46 and 41,200 for Cowan I. Exposure to heat and ultrasonication reduced PA-activities of strain Cowan I, but not that of strain Wood 46. Extraction of the staphylococci with guanidine and formic acid resulted in a reduction of IgG-binding activities only in strain Wood 46. Photooxidation, trypsinization and lysozyme treatment also diminished IgG binding of strain Wood 46 to a larger extent than that of strain Cowan I. Extracellular PA from S. aureus strains Wood 46 and Cowan I could be purified by affinity chromatography on IgG-sepharose. The purified PA preparations gave single protein bands upon SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Their molecular weights were 42,000 and their isoelectric points approximated 5.0. PMID- 6534039 TI - A serological survey for Bhanja virus in Czechoslovakia. AB - Sera of 259 persons, 801 sheep, 54 goats and 60 cows from several regions of Czechoslovakia were examined by tube-neutralization test (TNT) and haemagglutination-inhibition test (HIT) for antibodies against Bhanja virus. The results of both assays correlated well, but TNT was a more sensitive test than HIT. Antibodies neutralizing Bhanja virus were detected in 2.7% of persons, 5.1% of sheep, 18.5% of goats and 16.7% of cattle, most frequently in the district Roznava (Eastern Slovakia), where 38.5% of goats, 26.7% of sheep, 16.7% of cattle and 9.5% humans (predominantly goat or sheep breeders) were positive. A recent circulation of the virus in natural foci of that area is revealed by the detection of antibodies in several calves and lambs, which grazed in one year (1982) only. Roznava district is also unique (among the areas examined) in the presence of the tick Haemaphysalis punctata, principal vector of Bhanja virus in Europe. PMID- 6534040 TI - The possible occurrence of zinc in ribitol and sorbitol dehydrogenases from Mycobacterium sp. 279. AB - The activity of polyhydric alcohol dehydrogenases in Mycobacterium sp. 279 was studied under limitation of zinc in the growth medium. It was found that the activity of ribitol and sorbitol dehydrogenases were markedly lowered and that of D-arabinitol dehydrogenase remained unchanged in the Zn2+-deficient cells. Other ions tested i.e., Co2+, Cu2+, Ni2+ and Mn2+ failed to substitute Zn2+ ions in their effect on the enzyme activities. The Zn2+-responsive enzymes were sensitive to the chelating agents (1,10-phenanthroline, 2,2'-dipyridyl), whereas D arabinitol dehydrogenase was insensitive. The results indicate possible existence of a zinc component in the ribitol and sorbitol dehydrogenases from Mycobacterium sp. 279. PMID- 6534041 TI - [Bony lesions in hairy cell leukemia. Various therapeutic considerations apropos of a case report]. PMID- 6534042 TI - An unsuspected case of lipoid pneumonia: report of a case and review of the literature. PMID- 6534043 TI - Acquired B-antigen in a patient with a colo-vesical fistula. PMID- 6534044 TI - How should we proceed when a myocardial infarction is suspected. PMID- 6534046 TI - Familial polyposis coli and associated lesions. PMID- 6534045 TI - [Malrotation of the digestive tract]. PMID- 6534047 TI - [The Leveen shunt in refractory ascites and hepatorenal syndrome. Review of the literature, 10 years later]. PMID- 6534048 TI - [Asymptomatic primary biliary cirrhosis. Value of fractionating antimitochondrial antibodies]. PMID- 6534049 TI - [Loco-regional treatment of hepatic metastases using an implantable pump]. PMID- 6534050 TI - [Determination of total and specific IgE in nasal secretions]. PMID- 6534051 TI - [Electrocochleography and auditory brain stem responses in pediatric audiology. Comparison of results in threshold determination]. PMID- 6534052 TI - [Effect of voluntary hyperventilation on rotatory nystagmus]. PMID- 6534053 TI - [Tuberculosis of the parotid region]. PMID- 6534054 TI - [Histopathologic findings on proplast and plastipore prostheses]. PMID- 6534056 TI - [Semiological significance of evoked auditory potentials of the brain stem in otoneurology and audiology]. PMID- 6534055 TI - [TNM classification of the larynx: findings and proposals]. PMID- 6534057 TI - [Clinical applications of evoked auditory potentials in pediatric audiology]. PMID- 6534058 TI - [Brain-stem auditory evoked potentials in vertebrobasilar insufficiency]. PMID- 6534059 TI - [Clinical applications of brain stem auditory evoked potentials in otoneurology]. PMID- 6534060 TI - [Auditory brain-stem evoked potentials in the evaluation of comatose patients]. PMID- 6534061 TI - [Auditory brain-stem evoked potentials in dysmetabolic and toxic encephalopathies]. PMID- 6534062 TI - [Essential anatomic and physiologic information concerning the central auditory pathways]. PMID- 6534063 TI - [Equipment and methods for recording brain stem auditory evoked potentials]. PMID- 6534064 TI - [Effect of stimulus and subject-related variables on brain stem auditory evoked potentials]. PMID- 6534065 TI - [Effect of recording system variables on auditory evoked potentials]. PMID- 6534066 TI - [Brain stem auditory evoked potentials. General remarks]. PMID- 6534067 TI - [Procedure for testing auditory brain stem responses in the healthy adult and child--methodologic considerations]. PMID- 6534068 TI - [Our experience with auditory brain stem evoked potentials in response to bone stimulation]. PMID- 6534069 TI - [Clinical applications of brain stem auditory evoked potentials in adult audiology]. PMID- 6534070 TI - Compressibility and tablet properties of two polymorphs of metoprolol tartrate. PMID- 6534071 TI - Physico-chemical properties of urinary metabolites of felodipine, a new vasodilator drug. II. Lactone kinetics, acid dissociation and distribution constants of two hydroxycarboxylic metabolites. PMID- 6534072 TI - Comparative study on inclusion complexation of beta-cyclodextrin and tri-O-methyl beta-cyclodextrin with several drugs in aqueous solution. PMID- 6534073 TI - Prediction of light-induced discoloration of tablets from accelerating test conditions by means of numerical convolution. PMID- 6534074 TI - Studies of swedish marine organisms. III. Procedure for the isolation of the bioactive principle, histamine, from the red alga Furcellaria lumbricalis (Huds.) Lamour. PMID- 6534075 TI - Tertiary haloalkylamines related to pharmacologically active agents. A prodrug principle. PMID- 6534076 TI - Paraquat effect on the bioelectric parameters of the rabbit small intestine and its in vitro penetration. AB - The effect of paraquat (in concentrations of 10(-4) and 10(-3) mol/l) was studied on the bioelectric parameters of rabbit small intestine. A short-lasting rise in the potential difference (PD) and some decrease of tissue resistance (R) were observed, particularly after the higher concentration. These changes indicate stimulation of the transport function of the rabbit small intestine as a result of administration of this herbicide. Other tested parameters included determination of the rate of paraquat penetration (at concentration gradient 10( 3) mol/l) across the intestinal wall from the serosal side to the mucosal side and conversely. In the latter case three experimental models were used: first- complete intestinal wall, second--intestinal wall with the serosa stripped off, and third--intestinal wall with the mucosa and serosa removed. Differences were found in these rates depending on the model used. The importance of epithelial cells of the mucosa and subepithelial layers, and mesothelium of the serosa in limiting the penetration of bipirydylium herbicides is stressed. PMID- 6534078 TI - Effect of long-term administration of norethisterone (a progestogen-only contraceptive) on the female genital tract of the albino rat. AB - Effect of norethisterone (a progestogen-only contraceptive) treatment (0.5 mg/rat daily for 75 days) on the genital tract (viz., ampulla, uterus, cervix and vagina) of cycling female rat was evaluated from histometric and karyokinetic investigations. Long-term administration of this synthetic progestin resulted in decrease of epithelial height in the ampulla and increase of epithelial height and/or epithelial per cent in the uterus (endometrium and uterine gland) and vagina. It also increased the uterine myometrical per cent with decrease in stromal per cent. Persistence of mucous layer in the cervix and vagina was markedly evident after norethisterone treatment. Norethisterone inhibited the mitotic rate in all the regions of the genital tract except in the uterine gland where it was increased. The findings suggest that norethisterone disturbs the normal physiology of the genital tract, thereby preventing conception in the albino rat. PMID- 6534077 TI - Regeneration in small intestine following exposure to X-radiation and neutron beam as estimated in the light of changes in alkaline phosphatase activity and degree of 3H-thymidine incorporation into cells in intestinal crypts. AB - Swiss mice were irradiated with X-rays (5, 7 and 9 Gy) and neutrons (3 and 5 Gy) determining the degree of 3H-thymidine incorporation into the cells in the intestinal crypts, alkaline phosphatase activity in intestinal homogenate and serum, and radiation-induced leucopenia. It was shown that damage to the cells in intestinal crypts depends on the dose and type of radiation. More radiation resistant cells covering the intestinal villi showed a significant inhibition of alkaline phosphatase activity at high radiation doses. Changes in intestinal alkaline phosphatase activity were reflected also by changes in its level in the serum where its dependence on the dose of radiation was evident also. PMID- 6534079 TI - Effect of chronic treatment of norethisterone (a progestogen-only contraceptive) on preputial gland activity of the female rat. AB - Long-term treatment of norethisterone (a progestogen-only contraceptive) at a daily dosage of 0.5 mg/rat for consecutive 75 days inhibited the preputial gland activity of the female albino rat. It was evident from the decreased mitotic rate as well as from the decline in the per cent of matured acini. It is suggested that chronic treatment of norethisterone perhaps also involves this gland in contraception in the rat. PMID- 6534080 TI - The effect of labetalol and propranolol on the development of hypertension in spontaneously hypertensive rats. AB - The effect of long-term administration of propranolol (0.2 and 0.4 mg/kg-1 p.o.) and that of labetalol (2.0, 4.0 and 8.0 mg/kg-1 p.o. and 1 mg/kg-1 i.p.) on the development of hypertension was studied in female rats of SHR/N/Ibn strain. The experiment was started on 6-week-old animals. Rats received the tested drugs once daily between 11 and 12 o'clock. From the 29th day on (i.e. after the age of 10 weeks) the arterial blood pressure was measured bloodlessly twice weekly 2 hours before the daily dose of the drug. Labetalol given p.o. in a dose of 2 mg/kg-1 had no effect on the development of hypertension, while the doses 4.0 and 8.0 mg/kg-1 decreased the arterial pressure by about 4 kPa (30 mm Hg). After drug withdrawal a rapid rise was observed in the arterial pressure to values approaching the values recorded in control animals. In the animals receiving labetalol parenterally (1 mg/kg-1 i.p.) the blood pressure was significantly lower than in control rats. After drug withdrawal the blood pressure increased gradually, however, even on the 54th day of the experiment it was slightly below that in controls. Propranolol given orally in doses of 0.2 mg/kg-1 delayed the development of hypertension, while in the dose of 0.4 mg/kg-1 it prevented its development. After withdrawal of the lower drug dose the blood pressure remained for about 2 weeks at a level similar to the previous one, later on it increased steeply to the values observed in controls.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6534081 TI - Changes in blood level of catecholamines during arterial blood pressure rise induced with sciatic nerve stimulation. AB - In experiments on rabbits and dogs it was demonstrated that electrical stimulation of the centripetal fibres of the cut sciatic nerve causing a rise of the arterial blood pressure produced a significant increase in the plasma levels of adrenaline and noradrenaline. This effect was not observed in animals with sympathetic system blockade caused by administration of reserpine. These observations indicate that pressure increase after sciatic nerve stimulation is due to stimulation of the adrenergic system. PMID- 6534082 TI - Evaluation of extravascular resistance in the unloaded fibrillating left ventricle of the dog. AB - In open-chest anaesthetized dogs the relative magnitude of extravascular resistance in the superficial and deep left ventricular myocardium was estimated from the flow through the isolated vascular segments inserted at different depths of the myocardium. It was confirmed that in the normally working heart extravascular resistance was significantly greater in the deep than in the superficial layer. In the unloaded fibrillating left ventricle no difference in extravascular resistance between these layers could be detected. Since it had been found previously that subendocardial preponderance of ischaemia persists in the unloaded fibrillating left ventricle (Sedek and Michalowski, submitted for publication), the present observation is a further challenge for the current view that the subendocardium is more vulnerable to ischaemia because extravascular resistance is greater in this layer. PMID- 6534083 TI - Studies on arteriovenous anastomoses in rabbits. Part I. Arteriovenous anastomoses and the effect of sympathectomy on the development of trophic ulceration after sciatic nerve transection in rabbits. AB - The effect of sympathectomy on the functional state of skin arteriovenous anastomoses (AVA) and on the development of trophic ulceration after sciatic nerve transection was studied in rabbits. The functional state of the AVA (their opening or occlusion) was determined on the basis of gasometric and radiological investigations. The experiments showed that sympathectomy leads to an occlusion of AVA or at least to a marked reduction in blood flow through that part of microcirculation. The improvement in nutritional flow due to the increase in capillary flow and reduction in AVA flow hampers to a certain degree the development of the ulceration and results in transient healing. A hypothesis is presented about different innervation pathways of AVA and precapillary sphincters. PMID- 6534084 TI - Studies on arteriovenous anastomoses in rabbits. Part II. Arteriovenous anastomoses and the effect of transient ischaemia on the development of trophic ulceration after sciatic nerve transection in rabbits. AB - The purpose of the experiments was to investigate the effect of transient ischaemia on the functional state of skin arteriovenous anastomoses (AVA) and on the development of trophic ulceration after sciatic nerve transection in rabbit. The functional state of AVA (their opening or occlusion) was determined on the basis of gasometric investigations of venous blood oxygenation. The experiments showed that transient ischaemia leads to a marked reduction in blood flow through the open (as the result of sciatic nerve transection) AVA in the ischaemic limb. Vascular dilatation developing until collateral blood flow is established, increased capillary and decreased AVA flow do not prevent the formation of ulceration after sciatic nerve transection but significantly delay its development and alleviate its course. PMID- 6534085 TI - A trial of evaluating static and dynamic loads in man by means of analysis of the variability of instantaneous heart rate. AB - The instantaneous heart rate changes were examined in 12 forest workers during following tests: increasing (up to refusal) dynamic load on ergometer, rest in erect position, static load (about 75% of body weight) in erect position. The ECG signal, carrying information on heart rate, was amplified and processed by means of an especially designed heart rate analyzer. The dynamics of heart rate changes was evaluated through the analysis of differences of subsequent instantaneous heart rates and of distributions of heart rate accelerations and decelerations during the tests. Significantly different distributions of instantaneous heart rate changes as well as of accelerations and decelerations were observed for different loads. PMID- 6534086 TI - The level of anaerobic threshold determined from the gas exchange and acid-base equilibrium of the blood in women and men. AB - The investigations were carried out on 6 female and 6 male students of the Physical Education Academy for determining the levels of anaerobic threshold on the ground of an analysis of the curves of respiratory parameters during exercise of increasing intensity, and in another set of experiments--on the ground of disturbances of acid-base equilibrium of the blood during submaximal exercise of nearly threshold intensity. Additionally it was tried to demonstrate possible differences in the AT level between females and males. The investigations showed that in the tests with acid-base equilibrium analysis the anaerobic threshold appeared in females at the level of 52% of VO2 max and in males at the level of 61%. In the tests with gas exchange analysis these levels were 58% in females and 67% in males. The differences in these results obtained by both methods of analysis were not significant statistically. PMID- 6534088 TI - Distribution of blood flow in partially closed cerebral capillary networks. PMID- 6534089 TI - Oxygen transport to tissue. VI. PMID- 6534087 TI - Composition of serum fatty acids in healthy children. AB - In 81 children aged 0-18 years with normal body weight the serum pattern of fatty acids (FA) were determined by means of gas chromatography. The results show that of the 11 FA determined chromatographically, unsaturated and saturated fatty acids had differences in their distribution in the plasma. A certain regularity of these differences in favour of unsaturated fatty acids was observed. At the same time it was demonstrated that the mean values of unsaturated essential fatty acids (EUFA) increased with the age of a child. These results suggest that the plasma FA pattern may be a valuable supplementary source of information about lipid metabolism disturbances in children. PMID- 6534090 TI - A two pore size distribution model for transcapillary exchange of substances. PMID- 6534091 TI - An isolated rat brain preparation perfused with a fluorocarbon emulsion. PMID- 6534092 TI - Microcirculatory mass transfer. AB - The dynamics of Krogh tissue cylinders and related structures are critically reviewed to determine the roles of underlying transport and reaction processes, and the interactions between them. Emphasis is put on the gaining of insight through efficient scaling procedures, and discussion is organized about the time constants characteristic of these structures and the processes occurring in them. The basis of discussion is a new analytic solution technique which provides a formal description of indefinitely large arrays of parallel interacting elements and which includes both axial diffusion and uniform convection as well as first or zero order reaction within each element. The solution has the form of an expansion in the eigenfunctions of a non-self-adjoint differential operator. Comparison of model predictions with previously available results identifies the useful parameter ranges of analytic approximations and determines the accuracy of existing numerical procedures. PMID- 6534093 TI - NAD pools in the brain cortex effect of reversible anoxic-anoxia and irreversible anoxic-ischemia. PMID- 6534094 TI - Perfused canine brain: metabolism and blood-brain transport during altered metabolic states. PMID- 6534095 TI - Responses of gerbil cerebral unit activity to declining tissue PO2. PMID- 6534096 TI - Effect of lactate and pyruvate on cerebrocortical microcirculation and NAD/NADH redox state. PMID- 6534097 TI - Cerebral oxygen utilization as a gauge of brain energy metabolism. PMID- 6534098 TI - Changes in cerebral oxygen tension and red cell content on sensory stimulation. PMID- 6534099 TI - Brain responses to experimental oxygen deficiency in the Mongolian gerbil. PMID- 6534100 TI - Distribution of cerebrocortical microflow in normo- and hypertensive rats. PMID- 6534101 TI - Computer controlled blood pressure changes required for steady state oxygen control of partial ischemia in the rat brain cortex. PMID- 6534102 TI - An in-vitro method for simulation of oxygen transport in the microcirculation. PMID- 6534103 TI - Increased resolution power in PO2 analysis at lower PO2 levels via sensitivity enhanced optical PO2 sensors (PO2 optodes) using fluorescence dyes. PMID- 6534104 TI - Mechanisms of thiol reaction with oxygen: implications for hyperthermic and radiation therapies. PMID- 6534105 TI - Tumor blood flow and O2 availability during hemodilution. AB - Experiments were performed to study the influence of localized and systemic hemodilution on tumor blood flow and on O2 availability in the tumor tissue. The results obtained clearly show that both localized and systemic hemodilution can distinctly improve nutritive blood flow through solid tumors. This can be utilized to enhance pharmacokinetics of antitumor drugs. Due to the improved metabolic status, the pharmacodynamics of some antitumor drugs should also be enhanced. To achieve a maximum improvement of the oxygen supply to the tumor, hematocrit values should not be decreased below 0.20 in localized hemodilution, and 0.30 in systemic hemodilution. PMID- 6534106 TI - Heterogeneous oxygenation of rectal carcinomas in humans: a critical parameter for preoperative irradiation? AB - Tissue oxygenation was measured in 10 patients with differentiated adenocarcinoma in a very localized region in the middle part of the rectum (grade I - II, clinical stage II) by means of a cryophotometric micromethod. The results obtained clearly show that the oxygenation of differentiated rectal adenocarcinoma is distinctly lower than that of the normal rectal mucosa; tissue hypoxia or even anoxia are a common feature in those tumors; There exist considerable inter- individual differences among tumors of the same clinical staging and histological grading; substantial intra- individual heterogeneities in the oxygenation are evident within the same tumor and even within neighbouring microareas of the tissue. These findings imply that the commonly used classifications do not allow any conclusions concerning the oxygenation status, and probably the radiosensitivity of a tumor, respectively. PMID- 6534107 TI - On the mechanism for enhancement of tumor radiation to hyperbaric oxygen in sodium pentobarbital anesthetized rodents. AB - Pentobarbital anesthesia has been observed to increase markedly the effectiveness of respiration of oxygen at 3 atmospheres of pressure absolute to increase the response of early generation isotransplants of C3H mouse tumors to two-dose irradiation. A possible mechanism of this phenomenon is suppression of oxygen utilization by the pentobarbital and hence increasing mean pO2 and oxygen diffusion lengths. Measurements of QO2 of suspension of MCaIV and FSaII cells from freshly excised tumor tissue have been measured for cells suspended in PBS, Hank's buffered with HEPES +/- glutamate. The oxygen utilization by these tumor cells in vitro (when measured at congruent to 10 minutes after excision) is low, viz. 1 nmole/min/mg protein as compared with 6-9 nmoles/min/mg protein for established cell lines cultured in vitro. The suppression of QO2 by 2mM pentobarbital is less than 10%. This is a concentration of pentobarbital that is judged to be close to that which obtains in the tissues of the animals in the radiation response assays. Pentobarbital at .2mM did not change the cell survival characteristics of Chinese V79 cell spheroids irradiated in vitro. The results of these experiments do not indicate the suppression of oxygen utilization is an important contributor to the observed phenomenon of the increased response of tumors irradiated in mice respiring oxygen at high pressure. The role of hypothermia produced by the anesthesia is under further study. PMID- 6534108 TI - Oxygen consumption and oxygen diffusion properties of multicellular spheroids from two different cell lines. AB - A recently developed method for evaluating pO2 gradients in multicellular spheroids enabled the determination of the volume-related O2 consumption rate Q and of Krogh' diffusion constant KS in EMT6- and in V79-spheroids on the basis of pO2 measurements with microelectrodes. In addition, estimates for the weight related water content W, for the O2 diffusivity D and for the O2 solubility in spheroids could be derived from KS. The results show that O2 consumption and O2 diffusion properties of multicellular spheroids are greatly influenced by the cell line chosen. On the average, Q is larger in V79-spheroids than in EMT6 spheroids, whereas KS, W, D and alpha are lower in V79-spheroids than in EMT6 spheroids. There is a decrease in Q with increasing spheroid diameter in either spheroid type, and Q in both spheroid types is lower than the respective value in single cells. Using the data obtained, theoretical pO2-profiles can be calculated that are in good agreement with the measured steady state pO2 distribution in all spheroids investigated. PMID- 6534109 TI - An evaluation of Easton's paradigm for the oxyhemoglobin equilibrium curve. AB - A new paradigm for the oxyhemoglobin equilibrium curve proposed by Easton (1979) has been fit to human and dog blood saturation data by a simple linear regression algorithm. The equation derived from Easton's paradigm is characterized by only two parameters, and can fit saturation data between 0 and 95% with a root mean square error less than 0.5%. The upper 5% of the curve is not adequately described. Easton's equation is more accurate than the empirical Hill (1910) equation and approaches the accuracy of the more complicated Adair (1925) equation in this range. PMID- 6534110 TI - Oxygen affinity of hemoglobin solutions modified by coupling to PLP or NFPLP and the effects on tissue oxygenation. PMID- 6534111 TI - Transients of gas exchange processes in the upper skin calculated by the capillary loop model. PMID- 6534112 TI - The effect of blood O2 affinity on the efficiency of O2 transport in blood at hypoxic hypoxia. AB - An index of the efficiency of O2 transport in blood and delivery to tissues, the capacitance coefficient beta, was theoretically analyzed as a function of the position of the blood O2 dissociation curve (ODC). The P50 at which beta reaches its maximum is high at normoxia and decreases with lowering the ambient PO2. At very deep hypoxia this value becomes lower than the normal P50 of human blood. An increase of blood O2 capacity enlarges beta, particularly at deep hypoxia, and also increases the P50 at which maximal beta is reached. Changes of (a-v)O2 have ambivalent effects, depending on both P50 and PaO2. The capacitance coefficient beta was further calculated as a function of PaO2 at three values of P50, simulating the effect of a shift of the ODC. The capacitance coefficient is several times higher at deep hypoxia than at normoxia at all values of P50 used. A shift of the ODC to the left results in a moderate decrease of beta at mild hypoxia but in a large increase at severe hypoxia; a shift to the right has a reverse effect. PMID- 6534113 TI - Effects of anaerobic substrates on post-anoxic cellular functions in isolated tubular segments of rat kidney cortex. PMID- 6534114 TI - Oxygen supply to the myocardium. PMID- 6534115 TI - Capillary density in the isolated perfused guinea pig heart during normoxic and high-flow hypoxic perfusion. PMID- 6534116 TI - Approximate-analytical solution of the diffusion, convection and reaction problem in homogeneous media. AB - In convex homogeneous domains, the diffusion, convection and reaction (DCR) problem may be solved by applying Green's function solution technique. When this technique is applied, the solution to the DCR problem consists of the sum of a set of integrals whose integrands involve the Green's function. The Green's function is singular at the upper limit of the time integral and is nonuniformly convergent at the boundaries of the domain. Due to this behaviour, numerical evaluation of the integrals is prohibitively expensive and in some cases, the integrals are incorrectly evaluated. The method presented in this work circumvents all the difficulties inherent with the numerical quadrature of the intergrals and in preliminary case studies (in rectangular coordinates) has reduced the required computation time by up to five orders of magnitude while increasing the accuracy of the results by as much as eight orders of magnitude. The method involves transforming the function in the integrand, which multiplies the Green's function, into a series of Legendre polynomials. The integral of the product of the Green's function and Legendre polynomials can be evaluated analytically. This produces both a rapid and accurate evaluation of the integral and subsequently the solution to the DCR problem. PMID- 6534117 TI - An analytical model for axial diffusion in the Krogh cylinder. PMID- 6534118 TI - Cold protected hearts extract oxygen from Fluosol-DA during cardiopulmonary bypass. PMID- 6534119 TI - Direct effects of oxygen toxicity during the cardiac "oxygen paradox". PMID- 6534120 TI - Effects of myocardial ischemia on cardiac contractility and ion transport in working and Langendorff rabbit heart. AB - In order to define the ischemic myocardial injury in terms of the possible alteration of cardiac membrane properties, Rb+ uptake and 3H-ouabain binding to cardiac tissue were compared in normal and ischemic rabbit hearts. In isolated Langendorff or working rabbit hearts, a global ischemia was produced by reducing the coronary flow of oxygenated Krebs-Henseleit solution for various time intervals. The normal or ischemic tissues were subjected to study the uptake of Rb+ and ouabain bindings. In Langendorff hearts there was little or no significant difference in active uptake of Rb+ in normal and ischemic heart. However, in the working heart, there was a significant decrease in Rb+ uptake in the ischemic hearts. As the case of Rb+ uptake ouabain binding was significantly reduced in ischemic working heart in comparison to working normal heart preparations at high concentrations of ouabain, the present study suggests the importance of cardiac contractility for the cellular energy metabolism and membrane transport activity. PMID- 6534121 TI - Heart rate and PO2 in the fetal lamb. PMID- 6534122 TI - Michaelis-Menten-like kinetics in the Krogh tissue cylinder. PMID- 6534123 TI - Importance of sanguineous component of perfusate on post ischemic contractile function in the isolated rabbit heart. PMID- 6534124 TI - Implications of altered hemoglobin concentration with variations in oxygen consumption, arterial oxygen saturation, and age based on a mathematical model for the utilization of reserve oxygen transport capacity. PMID- 6534125 TI - The effects of mixing on continuous Michaelis-Menten reactions. PMID- 6534126 TI - The effect of myoglobin concentration on muscle cell PO2 gradients. PMID- 6534127 TI - Augmentation and facilitation of oxygen transfer in flowing hemoglobin solutions. AB - Oxygen transfer was studied in hemoglobin solutions in tube flow at wall shear rates between 200 s-1 and 1000 s-1. Measurements of the bulk oxygen transfer are compared with an analytical model including the effect of the carrier facilitation of the hemoglobin. Over the range considered this increases the effective diffusion coefficient by almost a factor of three. The addition of hemolyzed red cells, keeping the total hemoglobin concentration constant, provided an additional increase in the effective diffusion coefficient of over 60%. This implies that a sizable increase occurs in the effective diffusion of the hemoglobin molecule, apparently due to the motion of the red cells in the shear field of the fluid. The increase in transport matches well with quantitative estimates of the translational motion of red blood cells. PMID- 6534128 TI - Analysis of tissue reflection spectra obtained from brain or heart, using the two flux theory for non-constant light scattering. PMID- 6534129 TI - Skin oxygen diffusion conductance in premature infants. PMID- 6534130 TI - Tissue oxygenation by fluorocarbons. PMID- 6534131 TI - Normal values of oxygen concentration in human blood. PMID- 6534132 TI - The hypoxic response to hypovolemia. AB - The response of tissue-PO2 to hypovolemic hypotension was determined in the rat brain cortex and liver surface using needle and surface PO2 electrodes. At hypotensive MAP values of 35-40 mm Hg the cerebral cortex is preferentially supplied with blood through sympathico-adrenergic vasoconstriction of the peripheral circulation. This centralization of the blood volume is not sufficient to prevent a significant fall in cerebral PO2 from 34 +/- 18 mm Hg to 24 +/- 16 mm Hg however (n = 27 animals). The decrease in tissue PO2 during hypovolemia is dependent on body temperature and is more pronounced at lower temperatures (32-34 degrees C) than slightly raised temperatures (37.5-39 degrees C). The same degree of hypovolemia gave rise to large anoxic regions on the liver surface which showed signs of irreversible damage after 90 minutes. This was particularly obvious from the values measured after retransfusion of the missing blood with only a mean PO2 of 18 +/- 12 mm Hg compared with 28 +/- 7 mm Hg (n = 29) at the start of the experiment. PMID- 6534133 TI - Dopamine effects on the oxygenation of human skeletal muscle. PMID- 6534134 TI - Measurements of local PO2 in the resting skeletal muscles of rats with portocaval anastomosis (PCA) under normoxic conditions. AB - Direct measurements of local oxygen pressure by means of platinum multiwire electrode were performed in rats to investigate the effect of an end-to-side portocaval shunt procedure on muscle tissue oxygenation. Compared with intact rats and/or sham operated animals, rats with portocaval anastomosis showed a significant increase of muscle tissue oxygenation with nearly bellshaped pO2 histograms. This considerable increase in tissue oxygenation might appear to be due to the well known PCA induced hyperdynamic cardiovascular state. PMID- 6534135 TI - Dependence of cellular metabolism and local oxygen delivery on oxygen tension. PMID- 6534136 TI - A standardized 'in vivo' model for the study of experimental arterial thrombosis: description of a method. AB - A method for "in vivo" induction and registration of arterial platelet thrombosis has been developed and standardized in a branch of the mesenteric artery of the white Wistar rat. It consists in local deendothelialization by electrical current. Thrombus induction is performed by topical superfusion with ADP; when the superfusion is discontinued the thrombus disappears but can again be induced reproducibly by renewal of the ADP superfusion after a time interval not exceeding 15 minutes. Registration of the thrombotic phenomenon is made possible by microprojection of the investigated arterial segment. An appropriate optoelectronic device allows the on-line derivation of discriminating parameters. Off-line storage and processing of the experimental data by computer is provided. The method is automatized and can easily be applied to other species of laboratory animals. PMID- 6534137 TI - Balance between O2 availability and VO2 in rest-work transition as measured by myoglobin saturation in subcellular volumes. AB - Flow and capillary density increased most rapidly in the first 5 s of phasic twitch contraction in dog gracilis. VO2 increased later and more slowly. Consequently, no anoxic loci whatsoever could be found by Mb cryospectroscopy at any time during the transition from rest to heavy work, or during steady twitch contraction at 70% VO2 max. Spatial resolution was on the order of 2-3 mitochondria. Though no O2 debt was incurred, cytosolic redox increased, creatine charge fell, and the [ADP] doubled between 5 and 30 s. These energy and redox signals initiate the increase in VO2 in exercise, and are necessary to achieve appropriately high rates of respiration. Since they follow rather than precede circulatory change they cannot initiate exercise hyperemia in skeletal muscle. PMID- 6534138 TI - Effects of glucose and thiol depletion on chemically-induced peroxide production in mammalian cells. PMID- 6534139 TI - Enhancement of P50 by inositol hexa phosphate entrapped in resealed erythrocytes in piglets. PMID- 6534141 TI - Fast local regulations of muscle pO2-fields in patients suffering from cirrhosis of the liver. PMID- 6534140 TI - Circulatory responses to chemical stimulation of oxygen uptake in canine hindlimb. PMID- 6534142 TI - Mitochondrial distribution in hamster cremaster muscle. PMID- 6534143 TI - Isolated perfusion of the small intestine using perfluorotributylamine as artificial oxygen carrier. PMID- 6534144 TI - Regional glucose consumption and oxygen supply in the isolated perfused working rat heart. AB - Using 2-Deoxyglucose as a tracer, regional myocardial metabolic rate of glucose (MMR GL) has been determined in an isolated perfused working heart preparation. Under control conditions (n = 8) mean glucose consumption of the left ventricular wall amounted to 1.17 +/- 0.24 mumol X g-1 X min-1, which was about twice that of the right ventricular wall. There was an inhomogeneous distribution of MMR GL in the left ventricular wall with the endocardial rates exceeding the epicardial ones by about 20%. Isoprenaline (1.25 micrograms X L, n = 9) induced an increase in heart rate and a decrease in cardiac output. Under these conditions mean glucose consumption increased by about 20%, and a redistribution of MMR GL was observed in the left ventricular wall. As, in the preparation used, only glucose was offered as an exogeneous substrate, this redistribution should reflect a similar redistribution of myocardial energy metabolism and, therefore, muscular tension developed in the different layers of the ventricular wall. PMID- 6534145 TI - Effects of modeling assumptions on oxygen transport in isolated heart. PMID- 6534146 TI - Response of spinal cord oxygen tension to aortic occlusion. AB - In order to study the factors influencing spinal cord injury resulting from occlusion of the descending aorta, the local surface PO2 (sPO2) was measured in the lumbar region (L4-5) of the exposed spinal cord after laminectomy in the pig. This is the area supplied by the arteria radicularis magna anterior (ARMA). The following aspects were considered: duration of occlusion, blood supply by the ARMA, distribution and width of spinal cord collaterals. The animals were divided into two groups. In group I (n = 7) the descending aorta was occluded immediately below the left subclavian artery; in group II (n = 7) the abdominal aorta was occluded immediately superior to the ARMA. Occlusion induced a rapid sPO2 decrease in all animals, from 29 to 3 mm Hg in group I (-14 mm Hg/min) and from 28 to 8 mm Hg in group II (-12 mm Hg/min). After 45 minutes of occlusion the blood flow through the aorta was released giving a pronounced sPO2 overshoot (36 mm Hg) about 10 minutes later. After 20 minutes there had been a return to initial sPO2 values. The results of this study confirm the hypothesis that spinal cord injury during occlusion of the descending aorta is primarily due to ischemic hypoxia/anoxia. PMID- 6534147 TI - A thermistor device for the continuous recording of mass transport velocity in tissue based on the heat clearance principle. AB - A method for the recording of mass transport velocity in tissue, related to the relative local mass flow, has been developed. It is based on the heat clearance principle, applied in the continuous mode. Thermistors are used as temperature sensors; heating is performed by a high frequency square wave, thus avoiding an additional heating coil. The cooling of the heated thermistor, with as a reference a non-heated one, is related to the local mass transport velocity. A test equipment has been built for the calibration of the device and a set of results have been obtained in test fluids with a thermal conductivity approaching the one of brain tissue (glycerin and water). A mathematical model has been set up which gave results consistent with the recorded data. From this model significant parameters could be derived which, introduced in a compensation circuit, may be used in order to linearize the relation between the measuring value and the velocity variable. In vivo results in the brain cortex of the rabbit have been obtained. PMID- 6534148 TI - Direct measurement of reoxygenation in malignant mammary tumors after a single large dose of irradiation. AB - Measurements of the tissue O2 partial pressure distribution in C3H mouse mammary adenocarcinomas were performed just before and 72 - 74 hrs. after X- irradiation using O2 microelectrodes of the gold in glass type. The results obtained before irradiation were similar to those usually obtained previously in fast growing murine tumors during advanced growth stages. After exposure to a single dose of 60 Gy, the distribution curve significantly changed. This change was particularly evident in the very low pO2 range which is of crucial importance for the efficacy of radiotherapy. Due to this improvement of the tumor tissue oxygenation the number of radioresistant cells can be drastically reduced in the post- irradiation period at the time of maximum reoxygenation. Judiciously chosen fractionated treatment regimens, thus, should maintain tumor cells in optimum radiosensitivity states. PMID- 6534149 TI - The effect of different parameters (temperature, O2 consumption, blood flow, hemoglobin content) on the tcPo2 calibration curves calculated by the capillary loop model. PMID- 6534150 TI - A computerized mathematical model of arterial thrombi recorded by light transmission. AB - For several years, the formation and evolution of thrombi in small arteries of rats has been quantitatively studied at the laboratory of PHYSIOLOGY and PHYSIOPATHOLOGY at the V.U.B. Global size parameters can be determined by projecting the image of a small arterial segment onto photosensitive cells. The transmitted light intensity is a measure for the thrombotic phenomenon. This unique method permitted extensive in vivo study of the platelet-vessel wall interaction and local thrombosis. We actually attempt to refine the spatial resolution of these measurements in order to get information on texture and form of the thrombotic mass at any stage of its evolution. Therefore a thorough understanding of how light propagates through non hemolyzed blood is essential. Application of results from Twersky's multiple scattering theory, combined with appropriate border conditions and parameter values was attempted. It is well known that the erythrocytes are mostly aligned in the direction of the blood flow. In order to explain the measured intensity profiles, we had to postulate alignment in the plane perpendicular to the flow as well. The theoretical predictions are in good agreement with the experimental values if we assume almost perfect alignment of the erythrocytes such that their short axes are pointing in the direction of the center of the artery. Conclusive evidence of the interaction between local flow properties and light transmission could be found by observing arteries with perturbated flow. PMID- 6534152 TI - Lipid peroxidation effects on isolated rat retina. PMID- 6534151 TI - Perfluorinated organic liquids and emulsions as biocompatible NMR imaging agents for 19F and dissolved oxygen. AB - Emulsions of fluorocarbons are finding considerable use in physiology for intravascular oxygen transport. Their wide clinical application as blood substitutes, anti-shock, and anti-ischemic agents seems imminent. Whole body NMR imaging is rapidly gaining clinical application and may one day almost completely supplant X-ray imaging. All of the 19F compounds used in biocompatible fluorocarbon emulsions give 19F signals identical to those in the corresponding neat liquid. In concentrations of 10% w/v they are readily imaged. The paramagnetic oxygen molecule reduces T1 in such a way as to make possible whole body imaging of oxygen. T1 typically decreases from 1-4 to 0.3-0.5 seconds and is an inverse linear function of oxygen tension. Spin-lattice relaxation times versus oxygen tensions from 0 to 600 torr have been obtained for F-decalin, F tributylamine, and F-44E. The usefulness of these 19F effects in clinical NMR imaging depends upon the sensitivity of the method and the tolerable dose. The 19F signal may find use in monitoring 19F compounds as vapors or gases dissolved in plasma or in perfluorocarbons in neat liquid or particle form. PMID- 6534153 TI - Regulation of local cerebral blood flow. PMID- 6534154 TI - A microelectrode for measuring intracellular pH. PMID- 6534155 TI - A simulation of three dimensional oxygen transport in brain tissue with a single neuron-single capillary system by the Williford-Bruley technique. PMID- 6534156 TI - Changes in tumor tissue oxygenation during microwave hyperthermia: clinical relevance. AB - As previously described (Bicher 1981) TpO2 and blood flow increase in tumor as temperature increases until 41 degrees C and decrease thereafter (microcirculation "breaking point"). In the present clinical study using O2 microelectrodes this response was reproduced in over 54 treatment sessions. However, it was found that as treatment progresses (patients are treated for one hour 10 times, twice weekly, and concomitantly receive 4000 rads of ionizing radiation) the initial increase of blood flow and TpO2 is reduced and there is immediate decrease in tissue oxygenation. A correlation between microvascular tumor physiological changes and tumor treatment responses is being developed. PMID- 6534157 TI - Capillary wall permeability effects in perfused capillary-tissue structures. PMID- 6534158 TI - A model of transport and metabolism in neurons. PMID- 6534159 TI - Treatment of bovine ketosis with invert sugar, glucocorticoids, and propylene glycol. PMID- 6534160 TI - Evaluation of a tissue cage model for use in cattle. PMID- 6534161 TI - Serum bile acids as an indicator of liver disease in dogs. PMID- 6534162 TI - Platelet aggregation in dogs after live-virus vaccination. PMID- 6534163 TI - Genetic variation of an esterase system in sera of dogs. PMID- 6534164 TI - A serological study on the prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in meat-producing animals in Sweden. PMID- 6534165 TI - Colonisation pattern of the respiratory tract of calves by Mycoplasma dispar. PMID- 6534166 TI - Diminazene/Berenil: bioavailability and disposition in dairy goats. PMID- 6534167 TI - Isolation of Campylobacter sputorum subsp. mucosalis in Norway. PMID- 6534168 TI - Incorporation of 3H-detomidine in the brain tissue of the rat. An autoradiographic study. PMID- 6534169 TI - Hospital malnutrition: incidence and prospective evaluation of general medical patients during hospitalization. AB - The incidence of malnutrition and the effect of hospitalization was evaluated in 100 consecutive admissions to the Clinical Pathology R Department of the University of Genoa. Nutritional deficiencies were evaluated at the time of admission and discharge from the Hospital, among patients hospitalized 2 weeks or longer, using the following nutrition-related parameters: body fat, muscle proteins, weigh, rate of weight loss plasma proteins level, vitamin B12 and folic acid plasma level, plasma iron and ferritin. We also considered the nutritional alterations in malnourished patients with relation to appetite decrease and to pathological status. At the admission to the hospital, the findings showed a high incidence (79%) of alterations in some nutritional parameters. In patients with nutritional impairments we observed a worsening of most of the nutritional parameters during hospitalization, especially in patients with severe appetite decrease and those affected by sepsis, neoplastic, gastric and renal diseases. PMID- 6534170 TI - Stimulatory effect of polyprenoic acid E5166 on 2-deoxy-D-glucose uptake by Swiss 3T3 cells. AB - 3,7,11,15-Tetramethyl-2,4,6,10,14-hexadecapentaenoic acid (E5166), a synthetic analog of retinoic acid, increased 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2DG) uptake in a dose and time-dependent manner in mouse fibroblasts, Swiss 3T3 cells. Kinetic analysis of 2DG uptake showed that the Vmax for 2DG uptake by E5166-treated cells was greater than that of the control, while the Km values were essentially the same. Most of the E5166-stimulated 2DG uptake was suppressed by cycloheximide, although part of the stimulation always remained despite of the cycloheximide treatment. These results suggest that E5166-induced stimulation of 2DG uptake is due to the increase in the synthesis and recycle of hexose transporters (carriers) in Swiss 3T3 cells. PMID- 6534171 TI - Possibility of diacetyl and related compounds as the 4-carbon compound necessary for the formation of riboflavin in Ashbya gossypii. AB - The effects of various compounds (0.5%) involved in the butanediol and the glycolytic pathways on riboflavin formation in whole cells of Ashbya gossypii at rest were examined. The addition of acetate, glycerol and diacetyl inhibited riboflavin formation, while the addition of acetoin had no effect on it, and the addition of ethanol, 2,3-butanediol, pyruvic acid and glucose accelerated it. The relation of diacetyl and acetoin to riboflavin formation during resting cell incubation in the presence of 0.5% ethanol and various concentrations of 2,3 butanediol was examined. The results quantitatively revealed a precursor-product relation between riboflavin formation and the formation of diacetyl and acetoin. The results obtained provide evidence that a high flavinogenic agent, ethanol, was converted to acetaldehyde, pyruvic acid, acetoin and diacetyl in this order, that a week flavinogenic agent, 2,3-butanediol, was transferred to diacetyl through acetoin, and that the diacetyl produced can be utilized as the 4-carbon compound for riboflavin formation in the flavinogenic mold, Ashbya gossypii. It remains obscure whether diacetyl is enzymatically involved in riboflavin formation. PMID- 6534172 TI - The metabolism of [3H] pteroylglutamic acid in rat liver during regeneration after partial hepatectomy. AB - The rate of [3H] PteGlu uptake and of its incorporation into pteroylpolyglutamate derivatives at different times after label administration, was studied in the regenerating liver of rats 36 hr after partial hepatectomy. While 1 hr after administration of labelled PteGlu the radioactivity levels in regenerating livers are quite similar to controls, they are markedly higher 6, 12, 24 hr after label injection, which is mostly due to the high polyglutamate content. If the regenerating process, on the one hand does not modify the folate uptake rate, it does, on the other, increase the capacity for retaining folates, thanks to a more powerful ability to convert them into pteroylpolyglutamates. PMID- 6534173 TI - Inhibition of serum aspartate aminotransferase induced by isoniazid administration in mice. AB - Intraperitoneal administration of isoniazid (IN), an antituberculous drug, to mice at a dose of 100 mg/kg body weight induced significant inhibition of serum aspartate aminotransferase (AAT) in several hours. The original activity was not restored readily by in vitro treatment of the sera with pyridoxal phosphate (PLP), in contrast to the rapid activation, by the same treatment, of apoAAT in the sera from control mice. Prolonged incubation with PLP prior to the assay was required to restore most of the lost activity. Serum AAT activity enhanced by experimental and the reversal of the inhibition similarly required prolonged incubation with PLP. The results suggest the possibility that human serum AAT activity measured for clinical diagnosis may be underestimated in cases of IN overdose even if the conditions for in vitro PLP treatment of samples are sufficient for conversion of the apoenzyme to the holoenzyme. PMID- 6534174 TI - [The concept of hypervitaminosis as a dysvitaminosis and its relationship with overdosage and overload. Etiopathogenetic classification of dysvitaminoses]. AB - The incorrect use of the terms vitamin overdosage and overload, hypervitaminosis and dysvitaminosis gives rise to errors in the classification and evaluation of their etiology and pathogenesis. Vitamin overdosage and overload are observed with every vitamin and produce high blood and tissue levels of the vitamin itself; however, the overdosage can be obtained only upon administration of high doses of a vitamin, while vitamin overload may originate from a variety of factors. Hypervitaminoses are known for vitamin A and D; they are accompanied by high blood levels, but are characterized by a specific symptomatology. The term dysvitaminosis comprises "every alteration of the physiological status of the vitamin, in terms of both its deficiency and its surplus". These considerations provide a unitary view of vitamin pathology and lead to the following proposal of an etiopathogenetic classification of dysvitaminoses: class A) dysvitaminoses due to overload, class B) dysvitaminoses due to deficiency. Each class in turn may be divided into congenital and acquired syndromes. In class A) the congenital syndromes are still not well known, the acquired syndromes comprise those with hypervitaminosis (hypervitaminosis A and D) and those without hypervitaminosis (for the other vitamins). In class B) the congenital syndromes comprise diseases produced by inborn enzymatic errors and by other etiologies, the acquired syndromes can be distinguished in physiological (age, pregnancy, etc.) and pathological (nutritional, iatrogenic, etc.) ones. On this basis hypervitaminoses A and D can be considered as non obligatory dysvitaminoses due to overload; their origin has a complex etiology, since the liposolubility of the vitamins and the prolonged use of high dosages are not the only factors responsible for the hypervitaminosis. PMID- 6534175 TI - Reversible photoreduction of flavin with bilirubin II. AB - Bilirubin react with flavins under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Under anaerobic conditions these substances behave as a redox-system in solution, riboflavin functioning as an electron acceptor and bilirubin as an electron donor. The reaction products are the leuco-form of riboflavin and biliverdin. On the basis of the dependence of the optical spectrum and of the reaction rate on pH it can be assumed that bilirubin reacts in the anionic form. Under anaerobic conditions a reversible reaction occurs leading to a dynamic equilibrium of the reactants. The products were identified and determined by optical spectroscopy, chromatography and potentiometry. Excretion of biliverdin in the stool of new born infants was orientatively monitored during the phototherapy of hyperbilirubinemia, after the administration of small doses of riboflavin. It has been found that excretion of biliverdin increases during the phototherapy. The possibility of utilizing the described reaction for an improvement in the phototherapy of new-born infant hyperbilirubinemia is discussed. PMID- 6534176 TI - Intestinal absorption of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate in experimental uremia. AB - Folate deficiency and megaloblastic anemia occur in chronic renal failure. However, the possible role of intestinal malabsorption as a cause of the reported deficiency has not been investigated. Therefore, we examined the intestinal absorption of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate in rats made uremic by subtotal nephrectomy using in vivo perfusion technique and in vitro everted sac technique. The results were compared with those obtained in a group of sham-operated rats with normal renal function. The amount of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate absorbed in vivo was significantly lower in the uremic animals as compared to the control group. In contrast, no significant difference was found in the absorption of 5 methyltetrahydrofolate in vitro in the two groups. To mimic the uremic environment, the in vitro studies were repeated using jejunal sacs from normal animals filled with either buffer solution, or sera from uremic patients before and after dialysis. Their results showed a marked suppression of 5 methyltetrahydrofolate absorption with predialysis sera and a significant improvement with post dialysis sera. We conclude that intestinal absorption of 5 methyltetrahydrofolate is impaired in uremia. The results of the in vitro experiments suggest that the observed transport defect is due to some influence of uremic environment rather than to an acquired intrinsic defect of enterocytes in uremia. PMID- 6534177 TI - [Use of preparations of group B vitamins also at high dosage and by the parenteral route in a population of hospitalized patients]. PMID- 6534178 TI - Maternal reports of vocabulary development in four-year-old deaf children. PMID- 6534179 TI - Total communication effects--a longitudinal study of a school for the deaf in transition. PMID- 6534180 TI - Trends in the commission of crime among narcotic addicts over successive periods of addiction and nonaddiction. AB - Although several studies have documented high levels of criminal activity among narcotic addicts, especially during periods of active addiction, few studies have delineated the types of criminal activities involved or have attempted to uncover trends in such activities over successive periods of addiction and nonaddiction in addicts' careers. In the present series of analyses, the criminal activities of 354 male narcotic addicts were categorized and traced individually over time using five, standardized, crime-days-per-year-at-risk measures in the areas of theft, violence, drug sales, deception/forgery, and other crimes. In addition, a sixth composite measure was also employed. Although large differences among addicts in patterns of criminal activity over time were much in evidence and may be useful as a basis for a criminal typology, this same heterogeneity tends to preclude definitive statements concerning addicts as a group. This caveat notwithstanding, there does appear to be a general tendency for criminal activity to diminish over successive periods of nonaddiction and to increase irregularly over successive periods of addiction. The agreement of these findings with those of earlier group analyses by the authors is discussed. PMID- 6534181 TI - Perceived marital and family environment of opiate addicts. AB - Addicts have described their family environment as providing inadequate modeling of social and role skills, while having high expectations for achievement. These self-reports have not been compared to either the reports of other family members or observer ratings of addict families. Observer ratings are important because addicts have also described their families as having significantly less conflict than normative families. We administered the Moos Family Environment Scale (FES) to 73 addicts and found that our addicts' scores supported the previous descriptions of addicts' perceived family environment. Addicts' perceived family environment differed from normative samples. They perceived their family as providing little preparation for social roles, while expecting high achievement. When addicts' wives or mothers completed the FES (n = 27), they disagreed with the addicts' perceptions of having high expectations for achievement in the marriage or family. Relative to their mothers and wives, the addicts seemed to be insensitive to the lack of effective organization and limit setting in either their family of origin or marriage. However, the mothers and wives agreed with the addicts in reporting low levels of conflict, but behavioral ratings of the married addicts and their wives (n = 16) showed a poor correlation between the observed behavior and the couples' perceptions. Furthermore, the level of conflict appeared to be above rather than below normative samples. Thus, addicts' perceptions of their family environment demonstrated significant discrepancies from the perceptions of their wives and mothers and from ratings of their marital behavior. PMID- 6534182 TI - Inhalant users in drug abuse prevention programs. AB - Inhalant use and related background characteristics are examined for participants in state-funded drug abuse prevention programs in Texas. Inhalant use was found to be a significant problem among Mexican-American youth in low socioeconomic neighborhoods. Frequent users of inhalers were consistently distinguished from nonusers and less frequent inhalers on a number of dimensions and were found to have significantly more family, school, legal, and peer-related problems. Areas for future research and intervention are discussed. PMID- 6534183 TI - Sex differences in the use of alcohol and tranquilizers: testing a role convergence hypothesis. AB - Research on adult alcohol and tranquilizer use provides strong evidence of fundamental sex differences in the use of the two types of drugs. Current explanations posited for these differences center around differential sex roles and sex role expectations. Much of the discussion of these differences suggests that as male and female roles converge, these behavioral differences should decrease. Using data from a statewide survey of Illinois adults, we provide a preliminary test of a sex role convergence hypothesis for alcohol and tranquilizer use. To do so, we use a multinomial extension of logistic multiple regression. After controlling for demographic and sex role characteristics, the results show that females have a much higher probability of using tranquilizers rather than alcohol than men do. Thus, the role convergence hypothesis is not supported for the use of these two types of drugs. PMID- 6534184 TI - Use of the Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test in a prison hospital. AB - The Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test (MAST) was administered to 214 admissions to a maximum security ward of a prison hospital. Over 70.7% of the patients had scores greater than 5 and 57.8% had scores greater than 10, indicating that they engaged in problem drinking or alcohol misuse before admission. Older patients had higher scores, and a small number of patients with no criminal involvement had lower scores. PMID- 6534185 TI - Black drinking practices in northern California. AB - The data for this research come from three independent community surveys conducted between 1979 and 1980 in the San Francisco Bay Area. All surveys followed the same sampling plan and only probability techniques were employed. Of a total of 4,150 adult respondents, 1,206 identified themselves as Blacks and are analyzed in this report. A total of 29% of the females and 16% of the males are abstainers. Frequent heavier drinkers comprise 22% of the males but only 6% of the females. Among males, heavier drinking and alcohol problems are highest among those in their thirties and, therefore, cannot be associated with a youthful lifestyle as it happens in the United States general population. Characteristics such as income, employment status, and education are not associated with drinking. Religion, however, is associated with drinking patterns, and Fundamentalists have significantly more abstainers and light drinkers than other religious groups. These findings are also discussed in the light of Black culture and minority status. It is suggested that drinking patterns among Blacks are influenced more by internal norms originated from common cultural and socio political characteristics than from norms associated with class affiliations in the larger society. PMID- 6534186 TI - Alcoholism treatment with environmental support contracting. AB - Environmental support contracting was evaluated as an ancillary treatment to more traditional alcoholism rehabilitation. Eighty-eight male alcoholics, who scored 10 or higher on the Environmental Deprivation Scale (EDS), were randomly dichotomized between experimental and control groups. The control group participated only in the routine, eclectic, 28-d inpatient alcoholism treatment program at this medical center. The experimental group additionally completed training to improve environmental support. Dependent variables included the EDS, the Maladaptive Behavior Rating (MBR), days of hospitalization, medical visits, and the number of medications. Each dependent variable was assessed prior to treatment, 3 months following initiation of treatment and/or 6 months following treatment. A high positive correlation was obtained between EDS and MBR scores on the 3 and 6 month followup. Both the experimental and control groups improved with regard to their level of environmental and control groups improved with regard to their level of environmental support and relative coping ability, showing less maladaptive behavior and hospitalization following treatment. The experimental group demonstrated statistically significant treatment benefit over the traditionally treated control group on both the EDS and MBR subcategories of employment at 6 months following initiation of alcohol treatment. Environmental support contracting appears to be a worthwhile addition to alcohol treatment regimen. PMID- 6534187 TI - Surrogate mothers: whose baby is it? AB - Advances in medical technology offer infertile couples who wish to raise children alternatives to adoption. The increasing number of surrogate mother contracts creates a myriad of legal issues surrounding the rights of the natural mother, the natural father and the child that is produced. In this Article, the Author discusses the legal issues and rights of the parties under the Constitution, the surrogate contract and family law principles. The Author proposes that courts should consider a surrogate contract as a revocable prebirth agreement which allows the natural mother to keep the child if she chooses. In addition, the Author advocates an interpretation of the statutes forbidding baby selling that would prohibit surrogate contracts in which the mother is paid a fee for the child. PMID- 6534188 TI - Medical Malpractice Arbitration Act: Michigan's experience with arbitration. AB - In the 1970's, Michigan and other states were confronted with a medical malpractice crisis of astronomical proportions. The escalating number of medical malpractice lawsuits and concomitant increase in malpractice premiums for health care providers fostered a divisive climate among doctors, lawyers and patients. In response to this crisis, the Michigan legislature enacted the Medical Malpractice Arbitration Act. The Act establishes a process whereby patients may agree to arbitrate any claims rather than pursue them through the courts. Part II of this Article discusses the historical evolution of arbitration as a precursor to its establishment as a resolution modality for health care disputes. Part III describes the statutory framework of the Michigan Medical Malpractice Arbitration Act. Part IV discusses the contractual and constitutional challenges to the arbitration statute and their resolution in Morris v. Metriyakool. As the law respecting arbitration becomes less vulnerable to judicial perforation, this Author suggests that other jurisdictions treat the Michigan Medical Arbitration Program as an archetype, susceptible to replication. PMID- 6534189 TI - Legal recourse for the cancer patient-returnee: the Rehabilitation Act of 1973. AB - Recent advances in medical research have dramatically improved the survival rate for individuals with a history of cancer. Large numbers of these "cancer patient returnees" encounter job discrimination since many employers believe that to hire or maintain them would pose substantial future business risks. This Note argues that cancer patient-returnees may seek relief under the Rehabilitation Act of 1973. The Note concludes that an employer's costs arising out of future risks are too insignificant to justify denial of job opportunities to cancer patient returnees under the Act. PMID- 6534190 TI - Employment discrimination implications of genetic screening in the workplace under Title VII and the Rehabilitation Act. AB - The emergence of genetic screening techniques will permit employers to exclude hypersusceptible individuals from potentially hazardous workplace environments. The denial of employment opportunities to these individuals, however, may constitute discrimination. This Note analyzes genetic screening cases with respect to currently available remedies contained in Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Rehabilitation Act of 1973. The Note concludes that Title VII claims may succeed but only in limited circumstances and that Rehabilitation Act claims will encounter numerous obstacles to relief. Additionally, the Note discusses some of the implications of the use of genetic screening in the workplace. PMID- 6534191 TI - Computer simulation of fixation suppression of vestibular nystagmus in normal persons. AB - Fixation suppression of vestibular nystagmus was tested in normal humans during passive, nonperiodic angular rotation. The eye movement responses of the subjects were simulated using a simple mathematical model of visual-vestibular interaction. Agreement between observed and simulated responses was reasonably close, indicating that the model is a realistic representation of the physiologic mechanisms involved. The model was then used to assess the relative contributions of the pursuit and optokinetic systems to fixation suppression. It showed that, under these testing conditions, fixation suppression is mediated almost entirely by the pursuit system. PMID- 6534193 TI - Psychoacoustic and electrophysiologic effects of partial eighth nerve damage. AB - The authors present psychoacoustic and electrophysiologic data concerning a patient with partial damage to the auditory nerve, presumably from a dilated arterial vessel. The lesion was described and documented during neurosurgery for vestibular nerve decompression. Pure tone thresholds, psychoacoustical tuning curves, speech reception ability for spondaic words, maximum word recognition performance for monosyllabic NU-6 word lists, and performance on the synthetic sentence identification test in the ipsilateral and contralateral competing message modalities were normal. Findings consistent with eighth nerve dysfunction, absent contralateral acoustic reflexes, absent or unrecognizable early evoked potentials occurring in the first 10 msec, brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAEPs), and slight rollover of the performance intensity function for monosyllabic words were obtained on the involved side. In spite of the grossly abnormal BAEPs, two late, presumably cortical, auditory evoked potential components, which occur in the 60 to 250-msec range--vertex potential and T complex--were present and normal. The findings indicate that the perceptual processes needed for speech reception and recognition and for the appearance of later, presumably cortical-evoked potentials can be preserved despite partial damage to the auditory nerve. PMID- 6534192 TI - Cochlear microphonic responses of the peripheral auditory system to frequency varying signals. AB - Cochlear partition displacement responses to rising and falling frequency sweeps were inferred from cochlear microphonic potentials recorded from three basal turn locations in the guinea pig cochlea. Relative phase measures of microphonic potentials recorded from the three locations suggested that displacements of the partition toward either scala vestibuli or scala tympani occurred closely together in time for rising sweeps and were dispersed in time for falling sweeps. These differences in peripheral response patterns to sweeps may explain, in part, asymmetric neural discharges elicited from higher neural centers. PMID- 6534194 TI - Bipedicled lingual flap for lip reconstruction. AB - Full-thickness loss of the lower lip due to trauma or malignancy presents a difficult reconstructive problem. Numerous reconstructive techniques, including distant flaps, local pedicle flaps, advancements and skin-muscle composite transfers, have been described. The bipedicled lingual flap is a relatively simple procedure that offers many advantages over other techniques since it results in excellent cosmesis without donor site deformity. It causes negligible loss of labial and lingual function. Although it is performed in two stages, its simplicity of execution requires less operative time than many other techniques, and it allows satisfactory reconstruction of unusually large defects. PMID- 6534195 TI - Airway management in Hallermann-Streiff syndrome. AB - Hallermann-Streiff syndrome and other craniofacial anomalies predispose patients to airway emergencies. Anatomic abnormalities may render both intubation and tracheotomy unusually difficult. It is important for the otolaryngologist to be familiar with the special difficulties and hazards associated with these malformations in order to ensure optimal airway management. PMID- 6534196 TI - Cholesterol cyst manifesting as a middle ear vascular tumor. AB - A localized, cystic, "blue ear drum" (idiopathic hymotympanum) mimicking a middle ear vascular tumor occurred in a 12-year-old boy. This lesion must be included in the differential diagnosis of suspected vascular mass of the middle ear. A history of eustachian tube dysfunction should be sought. Physical examination is usually not diagnostic, and a full radiologic evaluation is essential in order to rule out a high jugular bulb, an ectopic carotid artery, or a glomus tumor. PMID- 6534197 TI - Spastic dysphonia: a patient profile of 200 cases. AB - A comprehensive case history profile of spastic dysphonia patients was established, using 200 patients matched to 200 controls. The case histories and epidemiologic profiles for male and female patients revealed few dissimilarities. Likewise, intergroup (patients-controls) health history profiles differed in only a few specific instances. The data suggest non-psychogenic, non-behavioral causation of spastic dysphonia; however, neither a definitive cluster or clusters of events at onset nor any unequivocal epidemiologic factor was accountable for spastic dysphonia. Short of qualified improvement with voice therapy in some patients, no form of treatment other than recurrent laryngeal nerve section was shown to be of any significant help for the patient population sampled. PMID- 6534198 TI - Intramuscular lipoma of the larynx. AB - An intramuscular lipoma of the larynx was diagnosed in a 59-year-old man who had a five-year history of constant and progressive hoarseness. This case appears to be the first reported case of laryngeal intramuscular lipoma. PMID- 6534199 TI - Seizure disorders in infancy and childhood. AB - Of various topics concerning convulsive disorders in children, long-term prognosis of childhood epilepsy and developmental aspects of age-dependent epileptic encephalopathy (ADEE) were described. Recent progress in epileptology and introduction of effective antiepileptic drugs has allowed marked improvement in the prognosis of epilepsy. According to our long-term observation of epileptic children over 10 years, the remission rate for over three years was as high as 81.7%. Intractable cases were notably high in the West and Lennox syndromes. One of the main targets of child epileptology is ADEE, i.e. the West and Lennox syndromes in addition to early-infantile epileptic encephalopathy with suppression-burst (EIEE). The concept and categorization of ADEE were outlined with special reference to the developmental aspects of EIEE by a long-term follow up study. Six of 10 cases of EIEE evolved into the West syndrome at two to six months of age, and two cases showed further transition to the Lennox syndrome at one year one month and three years one month of age. In accordance with the evolutional change in clinical seizure pattern, EEG showed an evolutional change from suppression-burst to hypsarhythmia and further development to diffuse slow spike-waves. These facts suggest a close relationship among these three types of ADEE and the significance of developmental aspects in the study of epilepsy. PMID- 6534200 TI - Advances in neonatal neurology. AB - The recent advances in neonatal neurology which are discussed include i) the improved organization of perinatal medical services, ii) technological advances including ultrasonography, brainstem auditory evoked responses and intracranial pressure monitoring and, iii) new developments in therapeutics. The development of departments of perinatal medicine has meant that neonatal pediatricians and obstetricians now enjoy close links which result in benefit to the fetus. The widespread use of fetal monitoring during difficult births is one result of this. Tertiary level neonatal units in major obstetric centers must be established by health care decision-makers under pressure from their colleagues in paediatric neurology. Ultrasound examination of the neonatal brain is convenient and almost as reliable as CT scanning. Its use in the diagnosis of hemorrhage, CNS malformations, monitoring of infective processes and of progressive hydrocephalus is now well established. Brainstem auditory evoked responses are of value in the early detection of hearing loss and in the assessment of brainstem maturity. They may be useful in the detection of impending damage in patients with hyperbilirubinemia and those under treatment with aminoglycoside antibiotics. Non invasive intracranial pressure monitoring offers promise in managing post hemorrhagic hydrocephalus and in prognostication in hypoxic-ischemic brain damage. Neonatal meningitis remains a serious threat. The newer antibiotics to date have not improved the prognosis. For neonatal convulsions, phenobarbitone remains the drug of first choice and is best given intravenously by loading dose. PMID- 6534201 TI - Fibroblasts from patients with myotonic muscular dystrophy: cholesterol requirement for proliferation and sensitivity to polyene antibiotics. AB - The genetic defect in myotonic muscular dystrophy (MMD) remains obscure. From the evidence that drugs blocking cholesterol biosynthesis induce myotonia and increased serum concentrations of deoxycholic acids are common among patients with MMD, evidence of the abnormal sterol metabolism in MMD fibroblasts was sought by comparing them with fibroblasts from control individuals and patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). Although early-onset type MMD and DMD fibroblasts have lower maximal cell densities than fibroblasts from age-matched control individuals do in medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum, we could not reveal any abnormalities in exogeneous cholesterol requirements for proliferation of MMD fibroblasts. This suggests that the sterol biosynthetic pathway in MMD fibroblasts is grossly intact. Furthermore, no difference were observed in sensitivities to polyene antibiotics, which bind to membrane sterols and presumably damage the cell membrane. PMID- 6534202 TI - Confidentiality of medical records in pediatric cancer care. Myths, perceptions, and reality. AB - Confidentiality is a complex requirement and impossible to enforce within the scientific-medical setting. Legal constraints include a patchwork of federal, state, and local laws and regulations. The setting of the teaching hospital brings its own multifaceted breaches in confidentiality. Insurance and third party payment claims necessitate opening of the patient's records. But research medicine in particular broadly disseminates large amounts of detailed information about patients, creating a situation in which it is not possible to avoid revealing the patient's identity. A distinction must be made between the breach of confidentiality in connection with dissemination of the label of the diagnosis, and breach of confidentiality in relation to details of care and clinical investigation. The problem in relation to confidentiality of diagnosis is intimately entwined with the patient's self-concept. The problem in connection with details of care and clinical investigation is the consequence of the antipathy between the physician-scientist-investigator and the physician-healer priest. These two roles are not truly compatible and, therefore, the problem of confidentiality could be greatly alleviated if the records for those two separate roles (clinical investigator and personal physician) were kept separately. PMID- 6534203 TI - Malignant small cell tumor of the thoracopulmonary region in childhood: a case report. AB - A case of malignant small cell tumor of the thoracopulmonary region in a 3-year old boy is presented. The rarity of this tumor in children justifies the presentation of a new case. Differential diagnosis with other childhood neoplasms is discussed. PMID- 6534204 TI - [Otologic manifestations in a case of Hand-Schueller-Christian disease]. PMID- 6534205 TI - [Nasal pathology in a bichromate industry]. PMID- 6534206 TI - [Prevention of the recurrence of cholesteatomas in reconstructive tympanoplasties (apropos of 314 cases)]. PMID- 6534207 TI - [Brain stem auditory evoked potentials at diagnosis in multiple sclerosis]. PMID- 6534208 TI - [Surgical pathology of the parotid gland. A review of our case records]. PMID- 6534209 TI - [Geographical correlations in laryngeal cancer]. PMID- 6534210 TI - [Factors of inner hemoregulation of the muscles of the larynx. Morphological and morphodynamic aspects]. PMID- 6534211 TI - [Endonasal glioma]. PMID- 6534212 TI - [The type-A behavior pattern and coronary episodes]. PMID- 6534213 TI - [The family of coronary patients]. PMID- 6534214 TI - [Bradycardia-inducing activity of cholic acid. Cholestasis]. PMID- 6534215 TI - [Pulmonary tuberculosis in the university student in 45 years of radiologic examinations. Protection produced by BCG]. PMID- 6534216 TI - Static mechanics of excised whole lung: theoretical framework and experimental studies. AB - A theoretical framework is presented in which to view models of static pulmonary mechanics. To test common simplifying assumptions of these models, we performed a set of experiments using normal lungs excised from dogs. Transpulmonary pressure (Ptp) and lung volume (VL) were measured for air-filled lungs in air and saline filled lungs in saline during stepwise-static deflations at different vascular volumes and temperatures. Simultaneously, we measured displacements between points on the lung surface. Changes in vascular volume shift the location but not the shape of the Ptp-VL relationship. As long as the vascular pressure is in the normal range, changes in the volume (and weight) of the perfusate do not significantly stiffen the parenchyma. Furthermore, Ptp-VL data obtained between 16 degrees C and 40 degrees C were superimposable, indicating that parenchymal mechanical properties evaluated at room temperature are valid at body temperature. Finally, the common assumptions of uniform deflation, homogeneity, and isotropy of bulk lung tissue appear consistent with the relationship between surface displacement and volume changes. PMID- 6534217 TI - Static mechanics of excised whole lung: pleural mechanics. AB - Continuum analyses of lung mechanics require that the boundary condition of stress transmitted to the outermost alveoli be known. Depending upon the exact geometry of the pleural-parenchymal coupling, this stress could possibly be influenced by the pleural mechanical properties. The relation between pleural tension and extension ratio was obtained from tissue specimens from mongrel dog lungs. Using the worst-case geometry, this relationship was compared with the equivalent relation between pressure and volume ratio for the whole lung of the same mongrel dogs. The results of this comparison and a suitable mathematical analysis indicate that the pleura transmits applied pressure differences to the underlying alveolar walls essentially without modification. PMID- 6534218 TI - Mechanical behavior of pressurized in vitro prearteriolar vessels determined with a video system. AB - The muscular resistance arteries of the mesentery and brain serve two different control functions in the cardiovascular system. The former are representative vessels of vascular beds that influence total peripheral resistance and blood pressure; the latter are a good model of vessels in beds that demonstrate blood flow autoregulation. Our purpose was to develop a versatile myographic system appropriate for the in vitro study of 75-250 micron diameter vessels and to explore different physiological properties of cerebral and mesenteric arteries. In this paper the system is described in detail, examples of its use in determining the dynamic responses of the vessels to electrical stimulation are provided, and certain measures indicative of the extent of myogenic behavior are characterized. Cylindrical artery segments about 3-mm long were dissected from Wistar-Kyoto rats and mounted in a chamber filled with physiological saline solution maintained at 37 degrees C. The same solution was perfused via a syringe into one end of the vessel through a microcannula. The other end was then occluded so that experiments could be made over a wide range of transmural pressures without flow. The vessel was viewed through a microscope coupled with a TV camera, and the video output signal of a selected scan line was processed by an electronic dimension analyzing system. This permitted simultaneous digital presentation and analog voltage outputs of the vessel wall thicknesses and lumen diameter. We further incorporated servo control of the syringe using a motor drive. In this way, vessel tests could be carried out at constant pressure or constant diameter, and vessel responses could be obtained following either pressure or diameter command signals. Using the methods presented in this study, small vessels can be maintained under conditions that approximate their in vivo state more closely than other in vitro techniques using ring segments on wires. We also find that the opto-electronic instrumentation is ideally suited for studying the dynamic vessel properties that underlie the control of vascular smooth muscle. PMID- 6534219 TI - Length-dependent activation and sensitivity in arterial ring segments. AB - This study examines the effect of length on the dose-response (D-R) relationship and the effect of agonist concentration on the length-tension (L-T) relationship in vascular smooth muscle. The experiments used 2-mm rings from isolated segments of the dog anterior tibial artery. In D-R experiments the length (internal ring circumference) for maximum active force (Lmax) was determined first. D-R relationships were obtained from cumulative responses to increasing concentrations of norepinephrine (NE) or potassium (K+). L-T relationships were obtained from individual responses to a specific concentration of agonist as the ring was stretched in increments of L0 (the initial length for resting force). Dimensions of the arterial rings were measured with a video caliper. For NE and K+ stimulations at lengths equal to and less than Lmax: (a) The concentration for half maximal response (ED50) was lowest (most sensitive) at Lmax and increased significantly as length decreased from Lmax; (b) When the direction of length change was reversed, the direction of change in ED50 was reversed; and (c) The ED50 of repeated dose-response experiments at Lmax was not significantly different. For NE: (a) the ED50 decreased significantly when length was decreased to Lmax. The results of L-T experiments show Lmax is significantly longer for a low concentration of NE (10(-6) M) than for a high concentration (10(-5) M). With force normalized to the maximum force, the L-T curve is significantly lower, and the initial length for an active response was 80% longer for 10(-6) M than for 10(-5) M NE. It may be concluded that vascular smooth muscle has a length dependent dose-response relationship and a concentration-dependent length-tension relationship. PMID- 6534220 TI - Mechanical behavior of vascular smooth muscle in cylindrical segments of arteries in vitro. AB - Vascular smooth muscle mechanics have been studied in vitro in cylindrical segments of dog carotid artery, human internal mammary artery, and human saphenous vein. Such cylindrical preparations maintain normal vessel geometry and also permit correlation of mechanical phenomena with transmural pressure. These studies show that the vascular muscle in cylindrical arteries develops a maximum active stress of 1.1 X 10(5) N/m2 for the whole wall, or 2.2-3.7 X 10(5) N/m2 for the volume of the wall occupied by vascular muscle. These values are similar to those reported for strip studies of vascular muscle and various preparations of skeletal muscle, but are two to five times that reported for cardiac papillary muscle preparations. In cylindrical preparations of arteries, maximum isometric active stress occurs at 150 mm Hg, whereas that in veins occurs at less than 15 mm Hg. Quick release experiments of cylindrical segments of vessels avoid the compliance of inactive tissue trapped beneath ligatures in strip studies. Quick release experiments in cylindrical segments of dog carotid artery reveal that at maximum isometric stress, the series elastic component (SEC) is extended 8-11%. Experiments employing temperature variations and degradative enzymes show that the SEC is located largely in elastin, with a lesser portion located in the contractile apparatus. At short- and long-muscle lengths, the active muscle develops decreased active stress and that developed at long lengths persists at all muscle lengths, even after shortening. This has been termed "attenuation" and appears to contribute to the static length-stress and pressure-diameter hysteresis exhibited by vessels. Excitation of vascular muscle in vessel segments held at constant pressure discloses that isobaric contraction decreases artery diameter a maximum of approximately 25%. This occurs at a dimension corresponding to approximately 100 mm Hg in the relaxed vessel. Isometrically and isobarically contracted vessels tend to fall along the same pressure-diameter coordinates, indicating equivalence of both modes of contraction. Distention of contracted vessels indicates that active vascular muscle markedly resists distention up to 150-250 mm Hg; at higher pressures the contracted vessel exhibits decreased stiffness as the contracted muscle yields. The vascular muscle, therefore, has a biphasic effect on circumferential elastic modulus relative to that of the relaxed vessel.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6534221 TI - Mechanics of smooth muscle in isolated single microvessels. AB - In vivo studies on frog mesenteric arterioles (4) indicate that segmental differences in the response of microvessels to physical and chemical stimuli can be explained simply in terms of the length-tension characteristics of vascular smooth muscle at different points along the vascular tree. Studies on single, isolated arterioles in vitro were initiated to examine more closely the validity of this explanation for regional response differences. This paper reports some of the results. First-, second-, and third-order arterioles (18-60 micron i.d.) were dissected from hamster cheek pouches. The vessels were cannulated with a modified Burg microperfusion system, and their mechanical properties studied using the methods described by Duling and Gore. Vessels were activated in four stages with K+ and norepinephrine. During activation, transmural pressures were adjusted to minimize vascular smooth-muscle shortening. Active pressure-diameter curves were recorded while adjusting transmural pressure through the range 5 to 400 cm H20 in 5-25 cm steps. Vessel dimensions were measured with a videomicrometer. Passive curves were obtained after equilibration overnight in Ca2+-free medium. The vessels were then fixed and prepared for histologic sectioning, and measurements of vessel-wall composition were made. The Laplace relationship was used to construct length-tension diagrams, and the histologic data were used to normalize the dimensional data to smooth-muscle lengths. Maximum active tension of second order arterioles (1,170 dynes/cm) was two times previous values reported by Gore et al. This was due presumably to refinements in techniques and dissection procedures. Maximum active stress averaged 3.9 X 10(+6) dynes/cm2 for second order arterioles. This number is identical to data obtained from hog carotid strips by Dillon et al. PMID- 6534222 TI - Fundamentals of fluid transport through cartilage in compression. AB - This paper describes the flow patterns and related viscoelastic behaviors of articular cartilage under four different loading configurations: 1) confined compression, 2) unconfined compression, 3) translating parabolic surface traction of constant loading span over a cartilage layer, and 4) spreading parabolic surface traction of periodically varying span on a cartilage layer. Brief summaries of formulations and solutions of these problems are given and discussed. For the first two cases, emphasis is given to the differences in the flow mechanisms giving rise to the observed compressive viscoelastic behavior of the tissue. These two fundamental solutions can provide a basis for interpreting the results of the deformation and flow patterns obtained from more complicated loading configurations. The last two cases simulate two main geometric features of joint articulations. Fluid efflux patterns at the articulating surface depend on the kinematics of loading as well as the intrinsic material properties of the tissue: the moduli and permeability of the solid matrix. The predominant mechanism controlling the viscoelastic behavior of the tissue in compression is determined by the relative magnitude of the fluid drag and the intrinsic stiffness of the organic solid matrix. PMID- 6534223 TI - The role of fluid hydrostatic pressure in bone-implant interface load transfer. AB - Permeability of the soft tissue-bone system surrounding artificial joints fixed in cancellous bone was measured in four adult dogs after implants had been in place 2 months. Fluid was forced through a cavity formed by removal of the implant, the cavity was capped with a stopper to allow for pressure generation. Surface permeability of the 2-month-old implant cavity was 45 times less than the permeability of freshly drilled holes in cancellous bone. A mathematical model of a rigid implant resting on a biphasic solid-fluid layer showed the fluid carried 90% of the load when the implant cavity permeability was assumed, but only 27% when the freshly drilled permeability was used. The results suggest caution in interpreting finite-element models with bonded interfaces and suggest a possible role of the fluid in biological response at the interface. PMID- 6534224 TI - Age changes in geometry and mineral content of the lower limb bones. AB - Subperiosteal expansion and increase in second moments of area with aging of eleven femoral and tibial cross-sections are documented in a large archaeological sample from the American Southwest. In contrast to these geometric changes, we found little change with age in bone mineral density measured using photon absorptiometry. Thus, the most significant structural changes with age in bone appear to involve its geometry and material characteristics other than its density. Variation in age-related geometric remodeling between cross-section locations and populations may be caused by differences in mechanical stress and strain levels in vivo in the lower limb. PMID- 6534225 TI - Kinematic analysis of human movement. AB - Understanding the kinematics of human movement is of both a basic and an applied value in medicine and biology. Motion measurement can be used to evaluate functional performance of limbs under normal and abnormal conditions. Kinematic knowledge is also essential for proper diagnosis and surgical treatment of joint disease and the design of prosthetic devices to restore function. In general, kinematic analysis of human movement can be categorized into two main areas: 1) Gross movement of the limb segments interconnected by joints, where the relative three-dimensional joint rotation is described by adopting the Eulerian angle system. With proper selection of axes of rotation between two bone segments, the associated finite rotation is sequence independent. This concept is particularly useful, since it matches precisely the clinical definition of joint motion. 2) Detailed analysis of joint articulating surface motion, where generalized three dimensional, unconstrained rotation and translation are described utilizing the concept of the screw displacement axis. Knowing the surface geometry and soft tissue constraints, the movement of an articulating joint can be analyzed to provide basic information for lubrication and wear studies. In addition, with appropriate numerical differentiation, velocity and acceleration can be obtained from the displacement information described by the above two methods. Currently available measurement techniques of human movement can be classified into three categories: 1) electrical linkage methods; 2) stereometric methods and biplanar roentgenographic methods; and 3) accelerometric methods. Each system has its unique advantages and limitations in terms of the operational principle, instruments required, data reduction, and type of information produced. Representative analyses of human upper and lower extremity movement will be included as illustrative examples. PMID- 6534226 TI - Viscoelastic properties of the wrist motor servo in man. AB - Viscoelastic properties play an important role in posture and movement. Such properties arise from muscle mechanics and from stretch-reflex actions. We describe experiments designed to characterize both linear and nonlinear elastic and viscous properties of the wrist motor servo in human subjects. First, we describe a trial comparison method for the identification of reflex responses that are unmodified by triggered reaction-time movements. Elastic properties were studied by applying step changes in load force that stretched or released the wrist flexor and extensor muscles. The properties were basically spring-like, but there was a short-range enhancement of stiffness that gave rise to a prominent hysteresis. Viscous properties were studied by applying ramp stretches at different velocities. Both EMG and force responses showed a weak fractional-power dependence on velocity similar to that described recently for muscle spindle receptors. Consideration is given to the possible advantages of this type of nonlinear feedback in the damping of postural responses and movements. PMID- 6534227 TI - [Leao's spreading depression in the study of the relationship of central structures]. AB - The use of Leao's spreading depression for studying the action of connections between central structures is examined. Extracellular recordings of cortical and striatal spreading depressions with single microelectrodes are presented using both a DC channel and spike recordings systems. Striatal spreading depression was produced by peristaltic perfusion of a KC1 solution via a push-pull cannula system. The characteristics of cortical and striatal spreading depressions were studied and their effects on antidromically provoked cellular spikes. Using double microelectrode recordings modifications of spontaneous activity provoked by cortical spreading depression were examined in n. ventralis posterior (VP) and centralis lateralis (CL) of the thalamus. In both nuclei a silence corresponding to the block of spontaneous activity of a localised cortical area was observed. The controls originated from different cortical regions for each nucleus. The discharge preceeding the onset of the spreading depression slow wave is reflected by a similar discharge in VP but not in CL. The differences in the frequency following of CL and VP was examined in order to explain this discrepancy. The results just summarized can be explained if we accept that a tonic facilitatory control exists between localised cortical areas and the two thalamic nuclei studied. Similar experiments were performed to study the controls exerted by cortical areas on dorsal column nuclei. Only phasic transitory effects were observed which were either an increase or a decrease in activity. These facilitatory or depressive effects were attributed to the initial excitation signalling the propagation of a cortical spreading depression. No tonic effects were observed. Striatal spreading depression was not accompanied by a cortical effect but on the contrary the activity of cells in substantia nigra was significantly altered. In pars reticulata two populations could be distinguished. The first presented a phasic increase followed by a long period of decreased activity, they are proposed to be under the control of striatum via an excitatory pathway. The second was initially depressed then presented a long period of increased activity. This probably reflects the block of an inhibitory striato nigral pathway. Both striato nigral effects were tonic in nature. The possibility of separating the effects due to cortical excitation or cortical block are discussed as well as the problems of interpretation of long distance changes in cellular activity. PMID- 6534228 TI - Spreading depression of Leao probed with ion-selective microelectrodes in isolated chick retina. PMID- 6534229 TI - Transplantation of cultured human retinal cells to monkey retina. PMID- 6534230 TI - Spreading depression potential (SDP) in the frog retina. PMID- 6534231 TI - Visual concomitants of retinal spreading depression. AB - The visual concomitants of spreading depression in the chick retina consist of a number of expanding concentric rings of different width and darkness around a stimulated area. The most peripheral ring consists of a narrow dark line. More central follow a light ring, then a wide dark band and most central, a light area. These rings correspond with changes in light reflected from the retina, measured with a microphotometric method (Martins-Ferreira and de Oliveira Castro, 1966). The dark outline and the dark ring correspond with minima of reflected light. It was suggested that the dark rings are caused by swelling of the Muller fibers due to a K+ release from the retinal tissue during SD. The swollen fibers would transport light to the layer of receptors where it is absorved by the choroidea, leaving less light to be reflected to the vitreal surface. The light rings would be due to an increase in reflectivity of neural tissue when invaded by SD. The dark and light bands would be caused by the local dominance of the effects of the swelling of Muller fibers, or of the increase in reflectivity of the neural tissue during SD. PMID- 6534232 TI - The resting impedance and control of cellular volume in cat cerebral cortex. PMID- 6534233 TI - Fifth Italo-Soviet symposium on neuropsychopharmacology. Proceedings, Florence, November 25-26, 1983. PMID- 6534234 TI - Mechanisms involved in the release of dopamine from the tuberoinfundibular system in vitro. PMID- 6534235 TI - Glucocorticoids and hippocampus: receptors may have found a function. PMID- 6534236 TI - The modulation of acetylcholine release by noradrenaline, GABA and related compounds. PMID- 6534237 TI - Some trends in the design of new neuromuscular blocking agents. PMID- 6534238 TI - Effect of adenosine and caffeine on acetylcholine release from electrically stimulated brain slices. PMID- 6534239 TI - Selectivity of [3H] GABA uptake and release in cells cultured from the rat cerebellum. PMID- 6534240 TI - An EEG investigation in the rabbit on the role of the rubro-cerebellar loop in the action of tremorigenic and antitremorigenic drugs. PMID- 6534241 TI - Neuronal plasticity: a major factor in the restoration of brain function after injury. PMID- 6534242 TI - [Colposcopy in cases of carcinoma in situ]. PMID- 6534243 TI - [Ambulatory diagnostic hysteroscopy: our experience with Hamou's microhysteroscopy in 676 patients]. PMID- 6534244 TI - [Comparison between the diagnostic value of amnioscopy and the non-stress test in prolonged pregnancy]. PMID- 6534245 TI - [Markers of carcinoma of the ovary: serum cystine aminopeptidase and leucine aminopeptidase, reliable diagnostic parameters?]. PMID- 6534246 TI - [Cervico-vaginitis: diagnosis and treatment]. PMID- 6534247 TI - [Health care during delivery and puerperium in 4 Lombardy hospitals, with special reference to humanization. Comparative evaluation of consumer opinion]. PMID- 6534248 TI - [Cancer of the mobile tongue. Therapeutic development and results]. AB - The authors analyse the results of treatment of 84 squamous cell carcinomas of the mobile portion of the tongue treated between 1961 and 1982. 64% of the patients treated were Stage I or II. The local recurrence rate was 13% at 5 years (6/43) for T1, T2. Recurrences were more frequent after interstitial radium therapy (17% at 5 years: 5/28) than after partial glossectomy performed at the outset (6.6% : 1.15). The treatment of stage NO remains controversial. The frequency of lymph node recurrences remains proportional to lymph node involvement by histology (NO, N-: no recurrences; NO, N+: 18.1%: 6/33) but seemed to be independent of the initial treatment of the regional nodes: no treatment, neck dissection with or without subsequent external radiotherapy. It is important to emphasize that lymph node recurrences contralateral to the tumour always occurred in the presence of initial homolateral lymphadenopathy with capsular rupture. Other oncological failures were frequent (35% : 20/56) at 5 years, grouping together visceral metastases (14.3% : 8/56) and second primary cancers in the upper respiratory/digestive tract (21.4% : 12/56). PMID- 6534249 TI - [Tumors and vascular malformations of the larynx. Angiographic aspects and therapeutic indications]. AB - Satisfactory results were obtained in a case of laryngeal paraganglioma following surgery preceded by angiography and embolization. Clinical, arteriographic and histologic features of vascular malformations of the larynx are discussed, localized and isolated laryngeal angiomas being distinguished from those classified among cervicofacial angiodysplasias. Laryngeal vascular malformations are all capillarovenous angiomas. Treatment has been facilitated by the availability of arteriography and embolization methods, and consists of injections of a sclerosing agent (such as "ethybloc") together with surgery in some cases. PMID- 6534250 TI - [Angiomatous lesions of the cervicofacial region. Apropos of 7 cases]. AB - Seven cases of angioma of the upper respiratory-digestive tracts are reported. The value of preoperative embolization is emphasized, treatment of choice being radical block resection of these vascular lesions. Unfortunately, this is not always possible. PMID- 6534251 TI - [Role of cryotherapy in the treatment of small angiomas of the oral cavity]. AB - Operative difficulties when attempting to treat oral cavity angiomas suggested the use, of cryotherapy for limited lesions. The technique is simple in use non aggressive and has few after effects. The principle of cryotherapy has been known for a long time, but it was only in the 60's that it was applied in ophthalmology, neurology, dermatology, gynecology and the treatment of hemorrhoids, as a result of the availability of new products: Freon, liquid nitrogen. Conclusions as to the value of cryotherapy are drawn from results obtained in buccal mucosa affections treated by this method over the last four years. PMID- 6534252 TI - [An uncommon localization of upper respiratory-digestive tract tuberculosis: the cavum]. AB - On the basis of a personal case, the authors recall the features of tuberculosis in the cavum. These lesions can resemble malignant tumours of the rhino-pharynx and they are part of the differential diagnosis. In particular, the authors stress the existence of rhino-pharyngeal tuberculosis with very few symptoms, which need to be investigated routinely in the context of a survey of proven pulmonary tuberculosis. PMID- 6534253 TI - [Congenital benign cervical teratoma]. AB - We report a case of a newborn female which showed, at birth, a right cervical tumour of 12 cm of diameter. Macroscopically it was a cystic tumour with a 2 cm nodule. Microscopic examination showed different components such as nervous tissues. Striated and smooth muscle fibers were identified too. Latero cervical fistulas, branchial cysts, cystic hygroma, hemangiolymphangiomas and thyroid tumours must be considered as differential diagnosis. PMID- 6534254 TI - [Hemangiopericytoma of the orofacial region]. AB - Prognosis in 11 cases of hemangiopericytoma of the orofacial region (9 buccal and 2 parotid tumors) was, as with these lesions in other zones, an uncertain entity: 4 local recurrences within 8 months to 7 years; one fatal outcome after 3 years from pulmonary micrometastases. Histologic classification of these tumors into 3 cytologic groups of increasing malignancy (I to III) is a function of the number of their cytologic anomalies. They are also divided according to their overall morphology into poorly differentiated, differentiated and sclerous types. Positive correlations between structure and cytologic criteria of malignancy and structure and clinical course have been demonstrated. Ultrastructural examination in 2 cases showed polymorphic endothelial, fibroblastic and smooth muscle cells in contact with adult tumoral pericytes. This suggests the origin of the tumor from young cells of multiple potency rather than from adult pericytes. PMID- 6534255 TI - [Venous hemangioma of the parotid in adults]. AB - Venous malformation in the parotid region are rare lesions and may fail to be recognized. Their diagnosis is simple, however, and is suggested by clinical findings and confirmed by phlebography. Surgery is the treatment of choice but is always technically extremely difficult. However, excellent results are obtained even after incomplete excision. PMID- 6534256 TI - [Non-Hodgkin's malignant lymphoma with cervicofacial expression. Modulation of the radiotherapy-chemotherapy combination according to the cytological class]. AB - An analysis was conducted in March 1983, after a mean follow up of 40 months, of cases of cervicofacial stages I and II non-Hodgkins malignant lymphoma in 3 children and 41 adults (mean age: 51 years, range: 6-90 years) treated between 1969 and March 1981. According to the Working Formulation malignancy was low in 4 cases, intermediate in 24 and high in 13; 3 cases could not ne classified retrospectively. Cytologic classification showed 13 of class 1 of low malignancy, 7 of class 2 of high malignancy with leukemic potential, and 16 of class 3 of high malignancy with a course leading to tumor formation. The cavum was involved in 10 cases, the tonsils in 9, the parotids in 1, the uvula in 1, isolated cervical adenopathies in 14, multiple unilateral adenopathies in 3 and bilateral cervical adenopathies in 5 cases. Therapy varied according to the series: in the first series (1969-1975) the 23 cases were treated by radiotherapy alone (40-55 Gy). In the second series (1976-1981) of 21 cases, chemotherapy was given as a function of the cytologic class: prophylactic chemotherapy for 6 months after radiation for classes 1 and 2, initial chemotherapy for 6 weeks, cerebral radiation and methotrexate intrathecally, and maintenance chemotherapy for 3 months in class 3. The failure rate for radiated zones was identical in the 2 series (less than 10%). Adjusted 5-year survival rate was 60% for series 1 against 70% for series 2 (p = 0.9), and adjusted remission rate was 43% against 64% (p = 0.8). PMID- 6534257 TI - [Influence of the stimulation frequency on the morphology of auditory evoked potentials in multiple sclerosis]. AB - The Rate-linked modifications observed in the Auditory Brainstem Responses (A.B.R.) in normal subjects are now well known. On the other hand they are a subject of controversy among groups studying multiple sclerosis (M.S.). 49 patients were observed in parallel studies in Milan and Creteil. The A.B.R. obtained for slow stimulus rates (11-21 Hz) were compared to fast ones (51 Hz). The A.B.R. were not significantly modified in 32% of the cases (deterioration: 21%, improvement: 11%). The variations don't seem to depend on the kind of curves involved. This phenomena can be explained by a frequency linked block of conduction of the pathological fibres, either partial or total. These data seem to be specific to demyelinating diseases. A research project is being conducted to study their specificity. PMID- 6534258 TI - [Ipsilateral masking of auditory evoked potentials: a method of studying multiple sclerosis]. AB - 20 normal subjects and 39 patients with multiple sclerosis were the control and the test groups. Auditory brainstem potentials to 60 dB nHL, 11/s clicks, were recorded under ipsilateral broad-band noise masking at S/N ratio of + 60 dB (unmasked condition), + 20 dB, + 10 dB and 0 dB. In the control group the ABP were absent only in 1 subject at S/N = 0 dB. In the group of 16/39 patients with definite multiple sclerosis, 11 had no ABP at S/N = 0 dB, 6 at S/N = + 10 dB and 5 at S/N = + 20 dB. The ABP waveform per se, in the same subjects, was abnormal in 7 and doubtful in 5. These results are discussed in terms of sensitivity, specificity and efficiency of the test to be applied. The best predictive value is achieved by combining a strict morphological criterion with the results of the ipsilateral masking. Moreover, the ipsilateral masking test positive findings are equally distributed in the group of patients with and without signs of neurological involvement of the brainstem. PMID- 6534259 TI - [Ototoxic potential of erythromycin]. AB - On the basis of a personal case and a review of the literature, the authors raise the problem of the potential ototoxicity of erythromycin in patients with renal failure. The cochlear toxicity of this antibiotic is very different from that of the aminoglycosides, as in all of the reported cases, hypoacusis appears very early and always resolved once the antibiotic was stopped. The actual mechanism of the cochlear damage has not been studied. Although this iatrogenic reaction is uncommon, the authors recommend caution when prescribing erythromycin to patients with renal failure. PMID- 6534260 TI - [Endoscopy of the maxillary sinus. Diagnostic and therapeutic value in chronic sinusitis]. AB - Sinus endoscopy is now well established as an essential exploratory procedure for the study of rhinosinus affections. By direct endocavitary observation, after identification and evacuation of possible secretions, it enables the anatomical and functional state of the mucosa to be studied, as well as that of the ostial region. For the maxillary sinus, the most easily accessible, direct endoscopic examination has become indispensable for a precise diagnosis of any chronic inflammatory or infections process, when associated with cyto-bacteriologic, colorimetric, manometric and possibly histologic investigations, completing clinical and radiologic findings when necessary. Endoscopy can also often act as the primary therapeutic gesture, its evacuating and aerating properties relieving ostial dyspermeability, the principal cause of chronic maxillary sinusitis. Diagnostic and therapeutic features in this particularly frequent affection are discussed with respect to the use of endoscopy. PMID- 6534262 TI - [Detection of nitrosamines in elastomers of pharmaceutic and dietary interest]. PMID- 6534261 TI - [Means of fixing a transmission device to the center of a mobile footplate]. AB - The authors present a new fixation device for any bony or prosthetic transmission system to the center of a mobile footplate in the absence of the stapes crura. It is a disc-shaped silicone sponge, with a central hole, fitting the bottom of the oval fossa and thus securing the maintenance of the bony or prosthetic transmission in the center of the mobile footplate, and reducing the risk of shifting of the transmission system, which is always possible in case of tympanic retraction. The silicone sponge allows as well a more physiological transmission, because the footplate will vibrate from top to bottom thanks to a central force vector, thus giving better audiometric results. The biocompatibility of the silicone sponge eradicates any phenomenon of intolerance from the tissues. PMID- 6534263 TI - [Preparation of herbaria and medicinal plants using a microwave oven]. PMID- 6534264 TI - [Comparison of the kinetics of release of picric acid from 2 different types of homeopathic granules]. PMID- 6534265 TI - [Mercaptopyridinecarboxylic acids. Determination of acidity constants of 6 mercapto-2-pyridinecarboxylic acid]. PMID- 6534266 TI - [Approach to the synthesis of methoxyellipticines and obtainment of 1,4-dimethyl 6-methoxycarbazole by cyclization of diphenylamines]. PMID- 6534267 TI - [Comparison between 3 different methods for the evaluation of Helianthemum squamatum L. (Pers.) (Cistaceae) flavonols]. PMID- 6534268 TI - [Physicochemical study of combinations based on sulfonamides. Caffeine sulfonamide combinations]. PMID- 6534269 TI - [Experimental study of the parasiticidal properties of indazole: fungi]. PMID- 6534270 TI - [Papillary calculi with atypical plaques]. PMID- 6534271 TI - [Silicone foam dressing in the surgery of hypospadias]. PMID- 6534272 TI - [The measurement of N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase in tumors of the bladder]. PMID- 6534273 TI - [Extensive lymphadenectomy in renal carcinoma. Rational basis and long-term results]. PMID- 6534274 TI - [Pheochromocytoma. Experience in 25 cases]. PMID- 6534276 TI - Cross-examination for students in andrology. PMID- 6534275 TI - [Operation risk in urologic surgery in the elderly]. PMID- 6534277 TI - Mitotic variations of the stem cell and its renewal in the Chinese hamster Cricetulus griseus during spermatogenesis: a morphological study. AB - The stem cell As in the testicular tubule of the Chinese hamster has been identified morphologically in its proliferation and in its transitional variations up to the formation of the primary spermatocyte by means of hypotonics alone. An extensive study of nuclei in their telophase has allowed us to trace the transition of mitosis into meiosis in several steps. The presence of nuclei in an apparent inactive or "resting" stage strongly supported the renewal of the As stem cell and gave a clue to the presence of an inherent factor in the tubule that regulates the timing of the cycle of the seminiferous epithelium. PMID- 6534278 TI - Differentiation of the rat testis between 20 and 120 days of age. AB - The differentiation of the seminiferous epithelium was studied in 20-120-day-old Sprague-Dawley rats. Body weights and the weights of the testes, seminal vesicles, and kidneys were determined. The best way of defining the development of the testis was to denote the most differentiated germ cell present. Spermatogenesis is complete at 56 days of age, but the testis continues to grow up to 108 days of age. The development of certain parameters has been calculated, and it is very important to define the age of the animals in experimental studies and to include sufficient numbers of controls. PMID- 6534279 TI - Sperm nucleomalacia in men with inflammatory bowel disease. AB - The extent and nature of seminal anomalies in colitic and ileitic patients were investigated using cytological, cytochemical, and electron microscopical methods. In addition to basic seminal variables, the gross and fine structure of spermatozoa were analyzed and the recorded data correlated with actual clinical conditions and therapeutic regimen of patients. Spermiograms revealed that the effect on the testicular function varied among patients, ranging from a subtle embarrassment of late spermiogenesis to a suppression of spermatogenesis as reflected in severe oligozoospermia. In several instances, excurrent ducts and accessory sex glands also were involved. The nuclear syndrome was an invariably observed phenomenon and consisted of increased pleomorphy, excessive vacuolation, postnuclear blebbing, malcondensation, and spontaneous decondensation of chromatin. The nuclear pleomorphy, malcondensation, and decondensation, apparently interrelated, constitute the characteristic condition, referred to as nucleomalacia. Other sperm defects seemed to be mere amplifications of deficiencies common in human semen. The correlation between the extent of intestinal lesions or severity of symptoms and the ratio of nuclear aberrations, demonstrated with acid-fast technique, was striking. No such relationship was found regarding the sulfasalazine treatment. PMID- 6534280 TI - Uridine, xanthine, and urate contents in human seminal plasma. AB - Levels of uridine, xanthine, and urate in the seminal plasma of 73 men with various infertility problems as well as 11 previously fertile men after vasectomy were estimated. Very high concentration (in the mmolar range) compared with other body fluids were recorded for uridine and xanthine, while urate was in about equimolar concentration to that in the serum. Both uridine and xanthine mean values were significantly increased in vasectomized men compared with normal men; otherwise, there was a wide overlapping of the mean values of these two compounds between the two groups. The mean value of urate was maintained at a rather constant level in the two groups. Analysis of "split" fractions favors an origin from prostatic fluid for xanthine and urate and from the seminal vesicles for uridine. Uridine was positively correlated to both fructose and xanthine in oligozoospermic men, to only xanthine in normal men, and negatively to urate in vasectomized men. Urate and xanthine correlated positively in normal and oligozoospermic men. Positive correlations were also observed for xanthine and fructose in oligozoospermic men and for urate and sperm concentration in normal men. PMID- 6534281 TI - Interaction between human gametes in vitro: a scanning electron microscopic study. AB - Fifteen human oocytes incubated with spermatozoa for 24 hr and cultured for 1-3 days were examined by scanning electron microscopy. Five of the oocytes were preovulatory (3 uncleaved and 2 cleaved after culture) and 10 nonovulatory. There was a wide variation in the number of spermatozoa attached to or penetrating the zona pellucida of the oocytes. On preovulatory oocytes, spermatozoa were observed, ranging in numbers from a few to about 50, while on nonovulatory oocytes they numbered from a few to several hundred. Oocytes may differ with respect to sperm-binding sites on the zona pellucida. After incubation in vitro, spermatozoa with abnormal forms were rarely observed on the oocytes or in between corona cells. Selection of spermatozoa may take place on their interaction with oocytes/cumulus corona cells. PMID- 6534282 TI - The formation of annulate lamellae in the human Sertoli cell. AB - The formation of annulate lamellae (AL) has been studied in human Sertoli cells. Sertoli cells of infants did not show AL. Sertoli cells of 9- to 11-year-old boys showed incompletely circumferentially arranged cisternae of endoplasmic reticulum (ER), alternating with rows of vesicles, 200-300 nm in diameter, with a weakly osmiophilic content. The ER cisternae displayed both pores and attached ribosomes at a few sites. These membranous structures were also observed beside true concentrically arranged AL in pubertal Sertoli cells (11-13 years of age). Both types of membranous formations were continuous with parallel, rough endoplasmic reticulum cisternae (RER) that interconnected them. Adult Sertoli cells showed only AL, not the other peculiar membranous formation. These features suggest that the RER plus associated vesicles originate the AL in human Sertoli cells. PMID- 6534283 TI - Absence of histopathology in somatic tissues of rats made infertile with gossypol. AB - Although the effect of gossypol on the testis and epididymis has been well documented, its effect on the somatic tissues of animals made infertile with the drug has been less well studied. In this study rats were treated daily with gossypol at either 20 mg/kg or 30 mg/kg for 6 weeks and at 10 mg/kg for 7 months. Complete tissue sets from control and gossypol-treated rats, including 26 organs, were subjected to histological examination. No significant histopathological differences were noted at the light microscope level between the control and infertile groups. PMID- 6534284 TI - [West-Nile virus in Madagascar]. PMID- 6534285 TI - [Rift valley fever and Zinga virus: a pathogenic arbovirus in man and animal new for Madagascar]. AB - Virus Zinga strains have been isolated from several pools of mosquitoes collected in Perinet area, 130 km far from Tananarive, at the Institut Pasteur of Madagascar in 1980. Although this virus is pathogenic for man, it seemed to give only a mild illness and did not appear to constitute a problem of Public Health. But today it is seen in quite a different way; since the WHO Center for Arbovirus Reference and Research of New Haven has shown the serologic identity between virus Zinga and an another arbovirus, Rift Valley Fever virus. This latter is in fact very pathogenic for man and domestic animal, he is responsible of important epizootics characterized by many abortions in pregnancies and death of newborn animals, many infections have occurred in man during these epizootics and the disease is able to give a mortal haemorragic syndrome. Until now, no particular aggressivity has been shown by virus Zinga in Madagascar, but it remains a real potential danger for man and for domestic animals. PMID- 6534286 TI - [An epidemic of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis in the Antananarivo region]. PMID- 6534287 TI - [Sensitivity of cells from the lemur L. fulvus to different viral strains]. PMID- 6534289 TI - [A new species of tick for Madagascar, Amblyomma loculosum, Neumann 1907]. PMID- 6534288 TI - [The genus Orthopodomyia (Diptera:Culicidae) in Madagascar]. PMID- 6534290 TI - [Resistance of Madagascan plague fleas to organochlorine, organophosphorus insecticides and carbamates]. PMID- 6534291 TI - [Congenital and familial afibrinogenemia. Recent discoveries of 2 new cases in Madagascar]. PMID- 6534292 TI - [Demonstration and purification of the toxin from Conus tessulatus. Toxicity in the crab Carcineus maenas and in muscle tissue from the guinea pig]. PMID- 6534293 TI - [Experimental taxonomy of Bulinus (Gastropoda:Planorbidae). VI. The possibility of using enzyme characteristics for the distinction between the species Bulinus liratus and Bulinus obtusispira in Madagascar]. AB - Based on a study of one laboratory culture of each of the three species Bulinus forskalii, B. obtusispira and B. liratus it is shown that the two last mentioned species differ in enzyme mobility in seven out of eight enzymes investigated. It is pointed out, that, prior to using enzyme characters for identification purposes, a study of the intra- and interpopulation variation should be carried out. It is mentioned, that the difference in absolute mobility, the quality of the bands and the price for the enzyme stainings should be taken into consideration, when enzymes are used for identification of Bulinus species. For the specific problem of separating B. liratus and B. obtusispira it is suggested to study the intra- and interpopulation variation in the enzymes alpha glycerophosphate dehydrogenase, phosphoglucose isomerase, hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase and esterase-d with the aim of finding one or more enzymes usable for distinguishing these two, morphologically similar, species. PMID- 6534294 TI - [Bilharziasis in the region of Alaotra Lake--the storehouse of rice in Madagascar]. PMID- 6534295 TI - Effect of collagenous substrates on growth of fibroblasts from bone marrow in cell cultures. PMID- 6534296 TI - Healing of reconstructed ligament insertion. PMID- 6534297 TI - [Experimental study on neurogenic stress ulceration--observations in rats with experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage]. PMID- 6534298 TI - [Alterations in hepatic high-energy metabolism in galactosamine-induced acute hepatic failure in rabbits]. PMID- 6534299 TI - Early operation of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage--use of nicardipine, a calcium channel blocker. PMID- 6534300 TI - The supersensitivity of vascular smooth muscle following surgical renal denervation in the dog. PMID- 6534301 TI - [Changes in concentration and net flux of electrolytes in solutions instilled into the stomach of jaundiced rats under restraint stress: existence of an autoregulation]. PMID- 6534302 TI - [Experimental studies of the incidence of metastases following the microwave coagulation therapy for malignant tumor]. PMID- 6534303 TI - Recurrent callosal hematoma with atypical moyamoya disease. PMID- 6534304 TI - [Splenic cyst]. PMID- 6534305 TI - [A case of splenic hemangioma]. PMID- 6534306 TI - Binding assay for muscarinic cholinergic receptors in kaolin induced hydrocephalus. PMID- 6534307 TI - Histological study on the development of punctiform ligament insertion using ligamentum collaterale cubiti. PMID- 6534308 TI - [Immunohistochemical and endocrinological study of pituitary adenomas]. PMID- 6534309 TI - [Biliary excretion of tenoxicam in cholecystectomized patients]. PMID- 6534310 TI - Traumatic injury to the inferior vena cava--report of a case. PMID- 6534311 TI - [2 cases of chronic subdural hematoma simulating transient cerebral ischemic attacks]. PMID- 6534313 TI - Granulocyte migration in vivo in patients with atopic bronchial asthma during specific desensitization. AB - Examination was made of 40 patients suffering from atopic bronchial asthma during specific desensitization using Rebuck's and Southam's methods for testing phagocyte migration in vivo. It was found that specific allergens during specific desensitization caused an increase in phagocyte migration to the skin test site. PMID- 6534312 TI - [A case report of choledochal cyst with bile duct carcinoma]. PMID- 6534314 TI - IgG, IgA, IgM and IgE serum levels in asthmatic patients sensitive to house dust and mite allergens after two-year specific immunotherapy. AB - The investigations were carried out on 36 atopic asthma patients treated with a specific allergen vaccine--Allpyral. The serum immunoglobulin levels, specific IgE blocking antibodies were determined by various immunological methods. It was shown that a marked rise in the IgG level appeared after 6 months of therapy and maintained during the whole period of observation. This higher IgG level was often correlated with an increase in blocking antibody titer. IgE serum revealed a higher value after 6 months, but on prolongation of the immunotherapy the total IgE level decreased not statistically significantly. The specific IgE antibody showed a tendency to fall after 2-year hyposensitization. The most marked changes in the behaviour of specific IgE and blocking antibodies were observed in the patients with clinical improvement. PMID- 6534315 TI - G, A and M immunoglobulin levels in the parturients' blood serum, umbilical blood of their neonates, and the amniotic fluid in deliveries of prolonged pregnancies. AB - The present experiments were carried out with the aim to determine G, A and M immunoglobulin concentration levels in the blood serum of parturients, umbilical blood of their neonates, and in the amniotic fluid in 17 women with prolonged pregnancies. The diagnosis of prolonged pregnancy was confirmed by the typical after term traits in infants. IgG and IgA were detected in all three environments and the presence of IgM was confirmed in all cases in the blood serum and in 76% of the tested samples of amniotic fluid. IgG concentration in the blood serum of mothers with prolonged pregnancy was lower than in physiological pregnancies. Despite this IgG level in the serum of umbilical blood of the neonates was normal in all cases. The values of IgA and IgM were noted to be normal both in the parturients' blood serum as well as in the umbilical blood. Examination of the amniotic fluid did not reveal significant differences in immunoglobulin levels related to the duration of full term pregnancy compared to prolonged pregnancy. PMID- 6534316 TI - Polymorphism of C3 component of complement in the Polish population. I. Population and family studies. AB - In a sample of the Polish population numbering 4741 subjects, the three common types C3S, C3F and C3FS and 15 phenotype variants were found with frequencies 0.0046. The frequencies of C3S and C3F genes determining the common types were 0.8227 and 0.1750, respectively. Examination of 40 newborns and their mothers has revealed that C3 types are formed during the fetal life. The results of studies on 76 families with 157 children and 2332 mother-child pairs have confirmed that 3C3 types are determined by a single genetic locus in which codominant autosomal alleles are situated. PMID- 6534317 TI - Suppression of xenogeneic local graft versus host reaction by rat fetal spleen cells. AB - Xenogeneic local graft versus host reaction was induced by the injection of 5 X 10(7) adult rat spleen cells under the capsule of cyclophosphamide-treated adult mice. A significant decrease in the reaction, measured by the kidney enlargement index, was obtained by adding to the reacting cells 5-20% of fetal rat spleen cells. Fetal rat thymocytes of fetal mouse splenocytes were not found to be inhibitory. The suppressive activity of rat spleen cells waned completely on day 3 of the postnatal life. PMID- 6534318 TI - Immunochemical characterization of lipopolysaccharides of Citrobacter chemotypes CC-G and CC-H. AB - Lipopolysaccharides of Citrobacter serotypes 04, 027 and 036 indicate strong cross-reactivity in passive hemagglutination and their O-specific chains are homopolymers of (beta 1----2)--linked 4-deoxy-D-arabinohexose. Citrobacter serotype 023 cannot be placed in chemotype CC-H, since its O-specific polysaccharide does not contain 4-deoxy-hexose. The possibility exists that 4 deoxy-D-arabinohexosyl side chains of 023-specific-polysaccharide disappeared as a result of a mutation of the parent strain. Although Citrobacter strain PCM 1487 contains 4-deoxy-D-arabinohexose and belongs to the chemotype CC-G, it cannot be included to the serotypes 04, 027 or 036. Instead, it represents a new serotype, with O-specific polysaccharide composed of 4-deoxy-D-arabinohexose, N acetylglucosamine and N-acetylgalactosamine. PMID- 6534319 TI - Anti-Pseudomonas immunoglobulin. IV. Combined anti-Pseudomonas immunoglobulin and Pseudomonas vaccine immunotherapy of burned patients--clinical investigations. AB - Sheep anti-Pseudomonas immunoglobulin and Pseudomonas vaccine were used for combined immunotherapy in 55 severely burned patients. The results of clinical investigations show that active and passive immunization in the early state of thermal injury increases the anti-Pseudomonas agglutinin titer, diminish the threat of Pseudomonas sepsis and death and significantly accelerate the recovery. PMID- 6534320 TI - Complement and circulating immune complexes in children with mumps meningitis. AB - Haemolytic activity of complement (CH50) and occurrence of circulating immune, complexes (CIC) were studied in serum samples from children with mumps meningitis taken at regular intervals. The decrease of CH50 was observed in 46 out of 77 samples (60%) in the Ist examination, between 1-6th day from the appearance of symptoms, in 43/67 samples (64%) in the IInd examination, between 12--16th day of disease, and in 7/22 samples (32%) in the IIIrd examination, between 12--14th month of observation since the appearance of symptoms. Typical changes of complement level during the disease were of such profile that the most pronounced decrease was in the Ist and IInd examination with the normalization in the IIIrd examination. The presence of CIC was found in 21%, 15% and 14% of samples in the Ist, IInd, and IIIrd examination respectively. Serum sample form the child on 5th day of disease, with high concentration of CIC (482 micrograms/ml), was subjected to sepharose 6B gel filtration on the calibrated column. The molecular weight of thus analyzed immune complexes was as follows: 2.5 X 10(6) and 5.0 X 10(5) daltons. CIC contained anti-mumps antibodies, determined by Elisa, in IgG, IgA and IgM classes. PMID- 6534321 TI - Cells involved in autologous rosette formation in mice. II. Identification of cells forming autologous rosettes in peripheral blood. AB - In the study on mice, we showed that autologous rosette forming cells (ARFC) in peripheral blood belong to two categories. First, representing the bulk of ARFC are "null" cells, the other cells are Lyt 123+. The biological significance of the cells which form rosettes in the periphery remains still unknown. PMID- 6534322 TI - Natural killer (NK) cell cytotoxicity in athymic (nude) rats. AB - The in vitro and in vivo natural killer (NK) cell activity of congenitally athymic, nude (ATH) rats and of normal, euthymic (EUTH) rats was compared. We found: a) a higher level of in vitro NK cell activity in blood, spleen and lymph nodes of ATH rats compared with their heterozygous littermates, b) in the spleen the number of NK lytic units per organ was not higher in ATH compared with EUTH whereas it was significantly higher in lymph nodes, c) a lack of age-dependence of in vitro NK cell activity tested in culture with heat inactivated fetal calf serum, d) a higher rate of in vivo elimination of target tumor cells in 4-week ATH rats compared with EUTH rats, e) an age-dependent decrease in the rate of in vivo target cell elimination in both groups, and finally, f) an age-dependent increase in the inhibitory effect of autologous serum on NK cell activity in vitro in both groups. These findings show that the blood and lymphoid organs of athymic rats contain a substantially higher proportion of NK cells, active both in vitro and in vivo against K562 tumor cells, than their euthymic littermates. In the spleen this increased proportion can be attributed to the lack of T cells, whereas in the ATH rat lymph nodes there is an absolute increase in NK cell activity, and that the decrease of cytotoxicity in vivo with age reflects the increasing inhibitory properties of autologous serum both in nude and in normal rats. PMID- 6534323 TI - Effect of plant extracts on the in vitro interferon synthesis. AB - The extracts of roots and rhizomes of Angelica and Peucedanum genera, known in popular medicine for their various activities, were investigated in search of non virus interferon inducers. It has been found that none of the extracts tested, induce interferon in human cell cultures. However, the extract from Peucedanum verticillare augmented the yield of interferon in the in vitro human fibroblast cell culture and human leukocytes suspensions when Sendai or NDV viruses were used as inducers. The increase of interferon yield was observed when the plant extract was administered at the time of interferon messenger RNA synthesis. PMID- 6534324 TI - New procedure for purification of human platelet-derived growth factor. AB - A new simple procedure was developed for purification of human platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF). PDGF was isolated and concentrated by acid/ethanol extraction of platelet lysate. Purification of this extract was accomplished by initial ion-exchange chromatography on DEAE-Sephadex and subsequent separation of "cationic" unadsorbed fraction on CM-Sephadex and controlled-pore glass--CPG-10. The product migrated as two biologically active homogeneous fractions, PDGF I (Mr = 34 000) and PDGF II (Mr = 31 000) in analytical gel electrophoresis in the presence of SDS. PDGF had isoelectric point ranging from 9.5-10.6. Multiplication stimulating activity of PDGF was estimated using the clone of Balb/c 3T3 cells propagated in microplates in Eagle's minimal essential medium supplemented with 2% of platelet poor plasma serum. Purified PDGF was active in stimulating 3T3 cell proliferation at 0.4 ng/ml. PMID- 6534325 TI - Food poisoning associated with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. PMID- 6534326 TI - Genital mycoplasmas and chlamydiae in pelvic inflammatory diseases. PMID- 6534327 TI - Effect of low ionic strength on the components of the complement (C) system. A kinetic assay. PMID- 6534328 TI - The human effector cells of natural cell mediated cytotoxicity (NCMC) and antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) express a differentiate susceptibility to pronase. PMID- 6534329 TI - Stimulation of the immune response in thymus extract treated inbred (AKR) mice. PMID- 6534330 TI - Some characteristics of the ICCe-1, a new simian embryo cell line. PMID- 6534331 TI - [Rhinological study of apple pollinosis]. PMID- 6534332 TI - [Allergic study of food urticaria. (1). Allergic food urticaria due to fish]. PMID- 6534334 TI - [Clinical application of transcutaneous oxygen pressure determination in histamine inhalation test]. PMID- 6534333 TI - [Asthmatic children and Chinese medicine. Scientific study of shoseiryuto and saibokuto]. PMID- 6534335 TI - [Correlation between colonoscopy and histopathology of the colon in diverticular disease and the irritable colon syndrome]. AB - In this study 29 patients were carriers of diverticular disease of the colons (DDC) and 29 patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). The patients were diagnosed by means of a directed anamnesis standardized by the radiologic study of the colons. The methodology included, radiologic study of the colons, endoscopic examination of the colon (colonoscopy with biopsy) and anatomic pathologic examination of the fragments obtained in the endoscopy. It was tried, by means of colonoscopy with biopsy and anatomic pathological examination, to demonstrate, classify and relate, in agreement with pre-established criterion, the degree of intensity of the inflammatory process in the colic mucosa. According to the results we may conclude that: 1) colonoscopy in the studied inflammatory diseases is important for diagnosis, evaluation of the inflammatory process, identification of associated illness and material obtention for the anatomic pathological examination; 2) there is always a chronic inflammatory process, in variable degrees, of the colic mucosa in DDC and in IBS; 3) colonoscopy with biopsy and the anatomic pathological examination are adequate to diagnose with precision the degree of intensity of the chronic inflammatory process of the colic mucosa and the presence of associated disease in DDC and in IBS. PMID- 6534336 TI - [Distribution of types I and III collagens in hepatic cirrhosis by the picrosirius polarization method]. AB - The distribution of types I and III collagen fibrils was analysed in liver fragments of 18 cases of alcoholic hepatic cirrhosis. Using the method of picrosirius polarization the collagen fibrils type I and III were found to be very increased in both intra and extralobular connective tissue. Type I fibrils were more frequent in the extralobular tissue and type III in the intralobular connective tissue. PMID- 6534337 TI - [Gastrocolic fistulae of neoplastic origin]. AB - Three cases of gastrocolic fistula secondary to cancer of stomach or transverse colon are presented. The incidence of this complication is very rare, and in the last years (20-30 years ago) the anastomotic peptic ulcer due to gastrojejunostomy has been the most common cause. Recent reports indicate that gastric or transverse colonic carcinoma are the most frequent causes. The predominant symptoms are epigastric pain, loss of weight, diarrhea, and feculent vomiting. The diagnosis is based on clinical, radiological and endoscopic findings. The treatment is based on nutritional support with parenteral and or enteral hyper alimentation and resective surgery, if possible. PMID- 6534338 TI - [Adenocarcinoma of the cecal appendix. Report of a case of the colic type]. AB - Regarding the event of an adenocarcinoma of the colic type of the cecal appendix, operated on at the ABC Medical College Hospital, the authors summarize the subject stating that, among the appendiceal carcinoma, this particular one tends to spread, by the veins or lymphatics, besides spreading by contiguity. This carcinoma hardly presents a symptomology of its own. It appears fairly often as acute appendicitis. The authors also state the difficulty for a macroscopic diagnosis. Thus, its real nature is determined, in general, only after the histologic exam of the removed part. The right hemicolectomy is the most indicated surgery and best results are obtained in the first surgery or 30 days afterwards. About the reported case the patient was operated on with the pre and intra operatory diagnosis of appendicitis and the histologic exam, on top of confirming it, pointed out the presence of neoplasm. After the indication for reoperation, the prompt spreading of the neoplastic disease offered no means to perform any other surgery disclosing its malignant potential. PMID- 6534339 TI - [Clinical conference at the Brazilian Institute for Study and Research in Gastroenterology]. PMID- 6534341 TI - Quality circles. Ours to question "why"? PMID- 6534340 TI - Establishment of a prospective hysterectomy audit. PMID- 6534342 TI - National quality assurance program--Royal Australian Nursing Federation. PMID- 6534343 TI - Peer review in a social work department. PMID- 6534344 TI - Immunosuppression by human skin cancers. AB - Biopsy samples from normal skin (12 samples) and skin lesions diagnosed as either basal cell (17 cases) or squamous cell carcinoma (5 cases) were frozen, disrupted and extracted with aqueous buffer. The sterilised extract was added to an in vitro system of cultured bovine lymphocytes. The response of the lymphocytes to PHA was measured by tritiated thymidine uptake. Extracts of both basal cell and squamous cell cancers inhibited normal PHA stimulation of lymphocyte mitogenesis. Blastogenesis was reduced by more than 50% by all of the cancer extracts tested. In contrast, similar extracts from normal skin showed less than 40% inhibition. PMID- 6534345 TI - Ultraviolet carcinogenesis in the hairless mouse skin. Influence of the sunscreen 2-ethylhexyl-p-methoxycinnamate. AB - The mutagenicity of some samples of a commonly used sunscreen, 2-ethylhexyl-p methoxycinnamate (2-EHMC), led to these studies of its potential carcinogenicity in the HRA/Skh hairless mouse. In a daily treatment regime, repeated for 9 weeks, groups of mice were painted on the dorsum with 2-EHMC, and were then exposed to low doses of one of two artificial ultraviolet (UV) light sources. Mice were also treated with UV alone and with 2-EHMC alone. The accumulated UV exposure alone produced tumours in 40-100% of mice. However, 2-EHMC-treated mice were protected. Subsequent treatment of the 2-EHMC-protected mice, and mice previously treated with 2-EHMC alone, with the tumour promoter, croton oil, produced tumours on a significant number of animals. We conclude that 2-EHMC protects from UV tumorigenesis in the absence of a tumour promoter. However, although tumours appeared on only 4 out of 160 2-EHMC-treated mice exposed to UV, the carcinogenic process had been initiated in others, as application of the tumour promoter, croton oil, produced tumours. Statistical analysis of the incidence of promoted tumours inferred that prior irradiation with UV may not have been implicated. Therefore, 2-EHMC itself may initiate tumours in this strain of hairless mouse. PMID- 6534346 TI - Epigenetic effects of the methylating agent 5-(3-methyl-1-triazeno) imidazole-4 carboxamide in human melanoma cells. AB - The anti-tumour methylating agent 5-(3-methyl-1-triazeno) imidazole-4-carboxamide (MTIC) increased the thymidine and deoxycytidine pools but not the deoxyguanosine pool in human melanoma cells. Incorporation of deoxyguanosine and deoxyadenosine was strongly inhibited by MTIC due to formation of the decomposition product 5 aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide (AIC). Theophylline, natural nucleosides and sulphydryl compounds did not affect the toxicity of MTIC in either MTIC-sensitive (Mer-) or autologous-resistant (Mer+) melanoma cells. 3-Aminobenzamide (3 mM for 48 h), an inhibitor of ADP-ribosyl transferase, greatly enhanced MTIC toxicity in the resistant compared with the sensitive cell line. PMID- 6534347 TI - Effect of androgen on the expression of the sex difference in susceptibility to infection with Strongyloides ratti in C57BL/6 mice. AB - The possible site of expression of the sex difference in susceptibility to infection with Strongyloides ratti was studied in C57BL/6 mice. The intensity of infection, measured by daily larval output in faeces or by intestinal worm burden, was significantly higher in males than in females. This sex difference was already expressed during the migration of larvae from the site of subcutaneous inoculation to the cranial cavity or lung as early as 24 h after infection. Conversely, there was no significant difference in the larval output in faeces or in the worm burden of male or female recipients after implantation of adult worms using a stomach tube. When the susceptibility to infection with S. ratti of gonadectomized animals was examined, the daily larval output in faeces of orchidectomized males was significantly reduced to the level of intact females, while ovariectomy had no effect, suggesting that androgen is one of the important regulatory factors for the expression of sex difference. In fact, testosterone treatment of orchidectomized males or normal females could increase their susceptibility to or above the level of intact males. These results strongly suggest that sex difference in the susceptibility to infection with S. ratti in C57BL/6 mice is mediated by 'natural defence mechanisms' which are under the regulation of testosterone. PMID- 6534349 TI - Mathematical models in life sciences. PMID- 6534350 TI - 99Tcm-"pseudogas". An ultrafine monodisperse aerosol for diagnostic studies in the lung. PMID- 6534351 TI - Some special rehabilitation engineering devices. PMID- 6534348 TI - The acute toxicity of Bimida, a prospective hepatobiliary scanning agent. AB - The acute toxic effects of dimethyl benzimidazolyl methyliminodiacetic acid (Bimida), a prospective hepatobiliary scanning agent when labelled with 99mTc, are described. The LD50 in male and female rats was 150 mg/kg, and in mice 100 mg/kg, males, and 75 mg/kg, females, up to 2000 times the diagnostic dose required in patients. Clinical signs associated with administration of lethal and sublethal doses of Bimida suggested the cause of death to be an acute hypocalcaemic episode; this was confirmed in vivo and in vitro. A significant reduction in alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and Ca2+ concentration associated with administration of 100 human equivalent doses (HED) Bimida and 99mTc labelled Bimida was measured in serum and microsomal preparations of liver and intestine. An in vitro system indicated that this response was prevented in the presence of adequate Ca2+, suggesting that ALP activity is depressed because chelation of the metal ion by Bimida causes a shortage of the Ca2+ needed to activate the enzyme. PMID- 6534352 TI - Investigation of head injury mechanisms. PMID- 6534353 TI - Whither the rehabilitation equipment industry? PMID- 6534354 TI - A survey of medical radiographic film processing in South Australia. PMID- 6534355 TI - Biochemical and functional properties of a leucocidin produced by several strains of Fusobacterium necrophorum. AB - A soluble exotoxin (a leucocidin) which was lethal to peripheral blood leucocytes from cattle, sheep, rabbits and man (in order of decreasing sensitivity) was elaborated by a variety of isolates of Fusobacterium necrophorum when the majority of organisms were present as filaments in liquid culture. Maximum production of the leucocidin was achieved by concentrations of bacteria equivalent to between 4 X 10(7) and 4 X 10(8) short cells per ml of culture above which no further increase in titre was observed. The ability of different batches of medium to support production of leucocidin was reflected in their capacity to enable F. necrophorum to grow to this range of concentration. Prolonged culture of the organism, resulting in a decline to below 6 in the pH of the medium was associated with a depression in the titre of leucocidin, presumably due to its inactivation under these conditions. The leucocidin was stable at 4 degrees C for at least 30 days, to extremes of pH (4 to 9) for 1 h at room temperature, and showed maximum activity in assays conducted at 37 degrees C at pH 7 to 8. The exotoxin was inactivated by heating at 56 degrees C for 30 min and possessed a molecular weight around 250,000 to 300,000 as determined by gel filtration and membrane partition chromatography. PMID- 6534356 TI - The effect of air movement on the activity, lying position and huddling behaviour of weaned piglets. AB - An experiment was carried out in a 55-sow, specific pathogen-free commercial unit, to observe the behavioural adaptation of newly weaned pigs (7 to 10 kg) to air movement in a typical weaner pen. Direct air currents were generated by a fan placed at 4 positions around the pen. Observations were made of activity, lying position, huddling and orientation. Increased activity was observed when the wind was directed on to the preferred lying area of the pigs. The pigs usually moved out of the region of greatest air movement and indirect currents appeared to be more favourable. Wind inhibited huddling in the pigs when it was directed over the lying area but orientation was unaffected. Social factors were important in the choice of lying position. The percentage of pigs huddling gave a behavioural indication of the suitability of the husbandry environment for production and welfare. PMID- 6534357 TI - The treatment and eradication of sheep lice and ked with cyhalothrin--a new synthetic pyrethroid. AB - A new synthetic pyrethroid, cyhalothrin, has been evaluated as both a sheep dip and a jetting fluid for the control of body lice (Damalinia ovis), face lice (Linognathus ovillus), foot lice (Linognathus pedalis) and the sheep ked (Melophagus ovinus). A dip wash concentration of 1.25 ppm cyhalothrin eradicated D. ovis from sheep. A jetting fluid at a concentration of 20 ppm also eradicated D. ovis. In the field cyhalothrin was evaluated at 20 ppm as a dip wash and at 50 ppm as a jetting fluid. These field trials confirmed the ability of cyhalothrin to eradicate D. ovis from short and long-woolled sheep. The sucking lice, L. ovillus and L. pedalis, were also found to be very susceptible to cyhalothrin at a dip wash concentration of 20 ppm, but it was necessary to treat the predilection sites infested by these parasites twice within a 3-week period to achieve their eradication. Sheep ked (M. ovinus) were eradicated from an infected flock of sheep after plunge dipping in cyhalothrin at 20 ppm. PMID- 6534358 TI - A survey of slaughter procedures used in chicken processing plants. AB - Information was collected on the slaughter procedures used in 12 processing plants in Australia. The processing line speed varied from 25 to 125 birds/minute; the voltage in the electrified waterbath varied from 55 to 165 V; the duration of stunning was 2.0 to 7.5 seconds and the time allowed for exsanguination was 45 to 180 seconds. As a result of the variables, some birds were dead on leaving the stunner and prior to exsanguination, while it was probable that others were not dead before entering the scald tank. PMID- 6534359 TI - Some observations on the development of the long bones of ratite birds. AB - Observations were made on the long bones of 16 young ratite birds (10 rheas, 3 emus and 3 ostriches), from 1-day-old to 12 weeks of age. At hatching all long bones contained large cartilaginous cones which were continuous with the growth plates, and an osseous cortex. At one week of age ossification had commenced on the periphery of these embryonic cones and in some bones the cones had become separated from the growth plates. At 3 weeks of age the embryonic cones of cartilage were still present in the proximal and distal tibio-tarsi and narrow cartilaginous bridges connected the cones to the growth plates. Embryonic cones were not present in other long bones of this 3-week-old rhea nor in the long bones of ratites 6, 8 and 12 weeks of age. Other praecocial birds such as turkey poults and chickens have cones of embryonic cartilage in their long bones at hatching and these persist in the tibio-tarsi till one to 2 weeks of age. The presence of large cones of embryonic cartilage in the tibio-tarsal bones of 3 week-old ratite birds is probably a normal phenomenon. Awareness of this feature is necessary for the correct differential diagnosis of the prevalent musculoskeletal disorders of ratite birds. PMID- 6534360 TI - Extraskeletal osteoma in a cat. AB - This paper describes a case of a benign osseous lesion which arose in the right front leg of an 8-year-old spayed female cat. The growth was situated in the dermal tissue above the olecranon, but not attached to it, and shelled out easily at surgery. While certain non-neoplastic lesions, such as hamartomas or cases of heterotopic ossification, may appear histologically similar, the present case was considered to be a true tumour on the basis of the clinical, macroscopic and histological findings, and was termed an osteoma. The cat is remaining under observation, but there had been no recurrence 3 1/2 months after surgery. PMID- 6534361 TI - Polioencephalomalacia in dogs with distemper encephalitis. PMID- 6534362 TI - An abattoir survey of the prevalence of lesions of enzootic pneumonia of pigs in South Australia. PMID- 6534363 TI - Caseous lymphadenitis in sheep imported from Australia for slaughter in Malaysia. PMID- 6534364 TI - Rotation of the tibial-tarsal bone in an Afrikander bull. PMID- 6534365 TI - Isolation of Chlamydia psittaci from koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus). PMID- 6534366 TI - Hereditary neuraxial oedema of Hereford cattle. PMID- 6534367 TI - Cruelty to animals. PMID- 6534368 TI - Non-melanotic skin cancer and solar keratoses in Victoria--clinical studies II. PMID- 6534369 TI - Porphyria cutanea tarda in a seven year old child. PMID- 6534371 TI - Unusual skin manifestations of drug photosensitivity. PMID- 6534370 TI - An unusual porphyrinuria precipitated by viraemia. PMID- 6534372 TI - Catecholamine excretion in patients with psoriasis. PMID- 6534373 TI - Facial granuloma. PMID- 6534374 TI - Beneficial effect of corticosteroid therapy in microsporum canis kerion. PMID- 6534375 TI - Level I (in situ) melanoma by any other name ... . PMID- 6534376 TI - Sun exposure and the risk of melanoma. PMID- 6534377 TI - Purification of rat liver microsomal cytochrome P-450 by chromatography on immobilized adamantane with a new method of detergent removal. AB - A method for the isolation of liver microsomal cytochrome P-450 from phenobarbital-treated rats is described which is based on chromatography on 1 adamantane-carbonyl-aminohexyl-Sepharose 4B, subsequent ion exchange chromatography on DEAE-cellulose and detergent removal by adsorption on silica gel G. The method gives preparations with high electrophoretic homogeneity which correspond to a major phenobarbital-inducible form of rat liver microsomal cytochrome P-450. The advantages of the procedure described are high yields, stability of chromatographic material, effective and simple method of detergent removal. PMID- 6534378 TI - Protective effect of uridine on D-galactosamine-induced deficiency in brain uridine phosphates. AB - In the rat, 2 h after intraventricular application of 10 mumoles D-galactosamine as well as 10 and 20 mumoles uridine, opposite effects on brain content of UDP glucose and uracil nucleotides were observed. While D-galactosamine caused a strong decrease in content of uridine phosphates, the brain content of the latter substances was markedly increased after uridine application. Furthermore, 20 mumoles uridine applied 10 min prior to D-galactosamine administration prevented the D-galactosamine-induced drop in brain uridine phosphates. The results are discussed in the light of behavioural findings in which D-galactosamine-induced impairment of retention performance of an acquired behaviour could be abolished by uridine pretreatment. PMID- 6534379 TI - Changes in the incorporation of [3H]leucine into proteins of rat hippocampus subregions during the acquisition of a brightness discrimination are lateralized. AB - The incorporation of intraventricularly injected L-[4,5-3H]leucine into proteins of rat hippocampus subregions ("CA 1", "CA 3" and "Ca 4/area dentata") was studied during the acquisition of a footshock-motivated brightness discrimination. In passive controls, protein synthesis rates in CA 3 was significantly increased over those of CA 1 and CA 4/area dentata. Moreover, in left CA 3 L-leucine incorporation rates were significantly elevated when compared to those of the controlateral side. These differences between hippocampus subregions and left and right CA 3 were found to be not dependent on the technique of L-leucine application, but left-right differences did not exist under in vitro conditions. During training, protein synthesis rate in right CA 3 was increased by about + 30% (p less than 0.05) over that of active or passive controls. The trend in CA 1 was not significant. Protein labelling in left hippocampal subregions and, in addition, right CA 4/area dentata exhibited no differences between trained and non-trained animals. Pretreatment of rats with uridine-5'-phosphate improving long-term memory formation resulted in an augmentation of L-leucine incorporation into proteins of CA 1 and CA 3 of trained animals when compared to controls, whilst in other hippocampal subregions no differences in incorporation rates were found between trained and nontrained rats. The present data provided evidence for a hemispheric asymmetry of training induced changes in protein synthesis in CA 1 and CA 3 of rat hippocampus. PMID- 6534380 TI - Interaction between phenprocoumon and phytomenadion: a pharmacokinetic investigation in healthy volunteers. AB - In 23 female and male healthy volunteers the pharmacokinetic behaviour of [3H]phenprocoumon and [3H]phytomenadion was investigated. The time-dependent changes in plasma radioactivity and the amount of urinary excretion were measured. Under simultaneous administration of phytomenadion (PHY) in daily doses of 10 mg, the elimination of phenprocoumon (PPC) was not altered (t0.5 beta 141.4 h, CUE50 20.4% of administered dose) as compared with data of previous investigations, while its anticoagulant effect was inhibited. PHY in doses of 10 mg was absorbed quickly and eliminated with a mean half-life of 60.6 h at a total body clearance (Cltot) of 9.3 ml/min and a renal clearance (Clren) of 1.9 ml/min. Under the co-administration of PPC the vitamin was eliminated with a half-life time of 23.1 h (Cltot 16.7 ml/min) and the amount of excreted radioactivity was enhanced (26.3% of administered dose; Clren 4.5 ml/min) as compared with the data of PHY without co-medication. From the experiments it is concluded that (1) PHY inhibits the action of PPC without influencing its pharmacokinetics, and (2) that PPC distinctly changes the pharmacokinetics of PHY and diminishes its pharmacodynamic action as measured by changes in the prothrombin complex activity. PMID- 6534381 TI - Ethanol preference behaviour and dopamine release in the rat. AB - The development of ethanol preference behaviour in rats is connected with a decrease of dopamine release from striatum slices seen after alcohol cessation. The inhibition of dopamine release vanishes spontaneously within a few days. Restitution is highly accelerated by piracetam, exhibiting similarities to posthypoxic membrane damages. PMID- 6534382 TI - Preliminary characterisation of a murine embryonal carcinoma cell derived growth promoting activity. AB - Embryonal carcinoma cell conditioned medium is shown to contain growth promoting molecules whose properties, both biological and biochemical, distinguish them from certain other known growth factors. PMID- 6534383 TI - Junction formation in aggregated embryonal carcinoma cells. AB - Under the action of supplemental calcium, H6 mouse embryonal carcinoma cell aggregates undergo compaction, a morphological phenomenon similar to mouse embryonic compaction. Formation of various types of cell junctions, especially gap junctions, is associated with compaction of the embryo and we sought to analyze the pattern of junction formation during aggregation and compaction of H6 cells. At 24 hr of aggregation, gap junctions were abundant in both uncompacted and compacted aggregates but quantitative analysis of freeze fracture replicas of these junctions showed a 20-fold increase in the size of the largest gap junctions in compacted aggregates. Such a difference in size could even be detected at 12 hr of aggregation. Tight junctions were not normally formed in 12 hr aggregates but initial stages of tight junction formation could be noticed in 12 hr compacted aggregates. More definitive tight junctions and desmosomes were evident only after 48 hr of aggregation. Thus we have observed that both uncompacted and compacted aggregates can form gap junctions at similar frequencies, suggesting that cell flattening, which contributes to the compacted morphology, is not a requisite for gap junctions. Likewise, generation of the compacted morphology seems to be independent of gap junction formation. This supports the idea that compaction in embryonal carcinoma cells results from calcium-induced cell flattening, probably through the mobilization of cytoskeletal elements. Calcium-dependent features of H6 cell aggregation and compaction enables the independent analysis of separate steps in compaction. PMID- 6534385 TI - Growth and differentiation of pluripotent embryonal carcinoma cells in the Snell dwarf mouse. AB - To investigate the influence of hormones on the process of cellular differentiation the growth and differentiation of a transplantable tumour, induced by inoculation of pluripotent mouse embryonal carcinoma (EC) cells have been studied in athymic nude mice and, normal and hypopituitary Snell dwarf mice. All athymic nude mice developed tumours independent of the numbers of cells inoculated. In contrast, the tumour percentage in normal Snell mice was lower, showing a dose-dependent increase of takes. In dwarfs tumour percentage was comparable with that observed in normal Snell mice. The morphological differentiation of teratocarcinomas grown in athymic nude mice, normal and dwarfed Snell mice shows derivatives of all three germ layers next to undifferentiated embryonal carcinoma cells. This suggests that the pituitary hormonal deficiencies of the dwarfs (growth hormone, thyroid stimulating hormone and prolactin) did not influence the tumour induction nor the development of the different tissues present in this type of tumour. PMID- 6534386 TI - [Cervical intraepithelial neoplasms and flat condylomata. Study of 165 cases]. AB - 205 cervix biopsies and diagnostic conisations performed among 165 women with dysplasias and carcinomas in situ (CIS) where revised with actual concepts of flat condylomata (FC) and cervical intraepithelial neoplasias (CIN). Usual statistical tests were used to analyse the signification of the average age of the different group (FC alone, FC + CIN, CIN alone) and according to the different grades of CIN. The association between FC and the different grades of CIN was studied with the X2 test. In 66.8% of the cases, FC was present, associated or not with CIN. That ends up to a modification of the diagnosis in 37.6% of the cases (reduction of a grade of CIN, substitution of a mild dysplasia CIN I by a FC). In 33.8% of the cases, FC was associated with CIN. In this work, the average age between CIN associated with FC was 8 years less than CIN alone. The X2 test applied to the frequency of association between FC and CIN according to the grade of CIN have shown that it exists a statistically valid difference between the grades. More the grades is high, more the morphological characters of the FC are rare. These observations suggest an integration of the viral genome in the host genome as it has been proved for the shope papilloma and the verruciformis epidermodysplasia. PMID- 6534384 TI - Natural structural variation in enzymes as a tool in the study of mechanism exemplified by a comparison of the catalytic-site structure and characteristics of cathepsin B and papain. pH-dependent kinetics of the reactions of cathepsin B from bovine spleen and from rat liver with a thiol-specific two-protonic-state probe (2,2'-dipyridyl disulphide) and with a specific synthetic substrate (N alpha-benzyloxycarbonyl-L-arginyl-L-arginine 2-naphthylamide). AB - Cathepsin B (EC 3.4.22.1) from bovine spleen and the analogous enzyme from rat liver were investigated at 25 degrees C at I0.1 in acidic media by kinetic study of (a) the reactions of their catalytic-site thiol groups towards the two protonic-state reactivity probe 2,2'-dipyridyl disulphide and (b) their catalysis of the hydrolysis of N-alpha-benzyloxycarbonyl-L-arginyl-L-arginine 2 naphthylamide. Reactivity-probe kinetics showed that nucleophilic character is generated in the sulphur atom of cathepsin B by protonic dissociation with pKa 3.4, presumably to form an S-/ImH+ ion-pair. Substrate-catalysis kinetics showed that ion-pair formation is not sufficient to generate catalytic competence in cathepsin B, because catalytic activity is not generated as the pH is raised across pKa 3.4 but rather as it is raised across pKa 5-6 (5.1 for kcat; 5.6 for kcat./Km for the bovine spleen enzyme and 5.8 for kcat./Km for the rat liver enzyme). The implications of these results and of known structural differences between the catalytic sites of the rat liver enzyme and papain (EC 3.4.22.2) for the mechanism of cysteine-proteinase-catalysed hydrolysis are discussed. PMID- 6534387 TI - [Histopathologic aspects of bone marrow in angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy]. AB - 42 bone marrow biopsies (BMB) were done in 34 patients with angio-immunoblastic lymphadenopathy (AIL), 3 of them associated with Gougerot-Sjogren syndrome. Involvement of bone marrow was discovered in 36 BMB (85%) and in 27 patients (79%). The lesions appeared as nodules destroying the hematopoietic tissue. Each nodule was constituted by a variable amount of lymphocytes, plasma cells, immunoblasts and histiocytes. Epithelioid cells were associated in 14 BMB and in 11 patients. Collagenous myelofibrosis was seen in and around nodules. The bone marrow lesions were uninodular in 5 BMB (11.9%), multinodular in 17 patients and 20 BMB (47.6%) or massive in 10 patients and 11 BMB (26.1%). Vascular lesions were disclosed in only 17 BMB with multinodular or massive involvement. The hematopoietic bone marrow outside the nodular lesions showed hyperplasia in 12 BMB and was normal in all other cases. In the 7 BMB without AIL localization the hematopoiesis was 6 times normal and hyperplasic in one case. No case of malignant lymphoma was disclosed. AIL bone marrow involvement should not be confused with non Hodgkin's ML or Hodgkin's disease. Correlation with median survival and bone marrow involvement was shown: 12 months in cases with massive involvement, 16 months in uni or multinodular lesions, 56 months in bone marrow free of disease. So BMB is useful for the diagnosis of AIL and the presence or absence of bone marrow involvement is of prognostic value. PMID- 6534388 TI - [Soft tissue clear cell sarcomas. Reevaluation of clear cell sarcomas of the tendons and the aponeuroses in 14 cases]. AB - A retrospective study is realized including 14 cases of clear cell sarcomas of tendons and aponeuroses, found in the files of Institut Gustave-Roussy (1969 1983). The main microscopic features are emphasized. In comparison with other soft tissue sarcomas, clear cell sarcomas are clinically characterized by a great frequency of local lymph node metastases (4 of 14 cases). The prognosis is usually particularly poor. The exact histogenesis remains obscure, but the results of special stains, support origin from migrated neural crest cells: melanin is visualized in 2 out of 12 tumors in which Fontana-Masson is performed. S 100 protein, a neuroectodermal marker, is positive by immunoperoxidase technique (PAP) in 6 of 10 tested cases. A better diagnostic approach is allowed with the help of ultrastructural study performed in 3 cases. These tumors must be separated from synovialosarcomas. Because the histogenesis is not actually sure, it is preferable to call them "soft tissue clear cell sarcomas". PMID- 6534390 TI - [Round cell liposarcoma. Histopathologic and ultrastructural study of a case developed within the framework of a lipomatosis]. AB - The authors report one case of round cells liposarcoma developing in a patient with multiple lipomas. Some clinical and ultrastructural aspects allow to focus the discussion on the histogenesis and the exact position of this tumor in the histologic classification of liposarcomas. PMID- 6534389 TI - [Epidural angiolipoma: a rare and curable cause of spinal cord compression]. AB - A 48-year-old female developed a slowly progressive paraparesis due to a posterior epidural mass extended on several thoracic segments. Clinical and myelographic appearance was strongly in favour of metastasis, the most common tumors in the spinal epidural space. A laminectomy was carried out and disclosed an encapsulated epidural tumor which was loosely adherent to the dura matter. Histological features were those of an angiolipoma. A brief review of clinical and pathological characteristics of spinal lipomas is performed. Extradural spinal angiolipomas are unusual benign neoplasms. The results of surgical treatment in this location are mostly excellent. PMID- 6534391 TI - [Primary bilateral tubular adenocarcinoma with antecedents of invasive galactophoric carcinoma of the breast. Apropos of a case; review of the literature]. AB - The authors report a case of primary bilateral adenocarcinoma of the fallopian tube in a woman with invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast in her antecedents. The tubal carcinoma was in situ or invasive and appeared as a bilateral hydrosalpinx, fact which often happens in the literature. Gross examination showed a tumoral mass of about 2 cm diameter at the fimbriated end of the right tube, the diagnostic of bilaterality requiring serial cuts on the left tube. The electron microscopic study showed ciliated differentiation in the neoplastic cells, bearing out the primitive nature of the proliferation. PMID- 6534392 TI - Heterotopic liver tissue with micronodular cirrhosis. A case report. AB - At the autopsy of a 64-year-old man, a small ectopic liver lobe without biliary drainage was found in the retroperitoneum. Both the liver and the ectopic lobe showed micronodular cirrhosis. In the latter, biliary hyperplasia and bile plugs were also seen. PMID- 6534393 TI - [Fatal eosinophilic meningitis and bronchogenic carcinoma]. AB - A fatal case of eosinophilic meningitis associated with a large cell bronchogenic carcinoma is reported. Neither a cerebral parasitic disease nor metastatic localizations were found at necropsy. It is the first reported case of an eosinophilic meningitis linked to a bronchogenic carcinoma as a paraneoplasic syndrome. PMID- 6534394 TI - [Epidemiologic surveillance of influenza in Rome (1981-1982)]. AB - In the period from September 1981 to April 1982, one strain of influenza virus (A H3N2) was isolated from 121 throat cultures obtained from patients with acute febrile respiratory disease. A sero-epidemiological survey on 520 serum samples and evaluation of excess mortality from respiratory diseases did not show significant activity of influenza viruses during the period from October 1981 to October 1982. PMID- 6534395 TI - Acute type B hepatitis in parenteral drug-addicts (PDA): prognostic value of circulating HBsAg/IgM complexes. AB - Fifty-three parenteral drug-addicts with acute viral hepatitis type B were tested by a solid-phase radioimmunoassay for circulating HBsAg/IgM complexes in the acute phase and in the follow-up. Among the 47 recovered patients HBsAg/IgM complexes were either absent from the onset of the disease, or disappeared from serum within 4 weeks of admission, long before HBsAg had cleared or serum alanine aminotransferase has returned to normal. On the contrary, HBsAg/IgM complexes persisted indefinitely among the 6 patients who developed a chronic HBsAg positive hepatitis. These results indicate that sequential serum testing for HBsAg/IgM complexes might be of value in predicting the long-term outcome of acute type B hepatitis of parenteral drug-addicts. PMID- 6534396 TI - [In vitro activity of several cytostatic drugs against aerobic and anaerobic intestinal bacteria]. AB - The human normal intestinal flora prevents the colonization of exogenous bacteria, maintaining a constant microecology: this property is called "colonization resistance". In leukemia patients antibiotics used for prevention and/or therapy of infectious episodes can alter the intestinal microecology, so that the gut can represent the trigger zone for generalized septicemia. Moreover cytotoxic drugs used in these patients can favour intestinal disturbances. In our study we evaluated the in vitro activity of three commonly used antineoplastic drugs (Daunorubicin, Cytosine arabinoside, Methotrexate) against aerobic and anaerobic intestinal bacteria and Clostridium difficile that is the aetiological agent of pseudomembranous colitis. Daunorubicin proved to be the most active inhibiting, in concentration ranging from 16 to 128 micrograms/ml, 50% of Bacteroides strains and 90% of Clostridium difficile and Enterococci strains tested. Methotrexate showed activity only against some Bacteroides strains, while Cytosine arabinoside had no activity at all. We conclude that in these patients the use of these drugs may represent another factor of risk altering the intestinal flora and so lowering the colonization resistance. PMID- 6534397 TI - Echinococcus granulosus: additional studies on selected sera from seronegative patients with hydatidosis. AB - Human hydatidosis-positive sera, which resulted negative in serological tests but positive on surgery, were examined with I.H.A. and E.L.I.S.A. techniques using a standardized antigen and a new antigen (the 0.8 M antigen) from sheep hydatid fluid. The present study demonstrated that the 0.8 M antigen was the most effective, and that sensitivity of any given antigen depends upon the method adopted. PMID- 6534398 TI - [Determination of antibody titers in subjects passively immunized with specific anti-hepatitis B gamma globulins]. AB - The authors have evaluated the effects of specific Immunoglobulins administration in order to prevent type B viral hepatitis. 34 members of care units entered a program of epidemiological surveillance after an occasional contamination with biological samples obtained from patients affected by type B viral hepatitis. All these subjects have been treated with two injections of specific immunoglobulins at the dose of 0.06 ml/kg. i.m.; the first was administered immediately after contamination and the second after one month. Serum antibody titres were determined by RIA techniques in a six months follow-up. The results seem to indicate that the degree of protectivity after passive immunization is poor and rather incostant. PMID- 6534399 TI - [Pulmonitis caused by Coxiella burneti and Chlamydia psittaci. 2 years of research in Marche]. AB - This paper point to infections caused by Chlamydia psittaci and Coxiella burneti in a region of the middle Italy (Marche) from April 1981 to March 1983. 32 of 686 cases (about 5%) of pneumonia were diagnosed as Q Fever or Ornithosis Psittacosis. The role of the research of these etiologies in routine diagnostic work on acute respiratory infections is underlined. PMID- 6534400 TI - Selective broth enrichment may not be necessary for isolating thermophilic Campylobacter strains from acute enteritis cases. PMID- 6534401 TI - [Quantitative determination of carbamazepine in tablets by reverse phase HPLC]. PMID- 6534402 TI - Further results on lipase-colipase interactions studied by affinity chromatography. AB - Affinity chromatography of lipase on a colipase-coupled gel was studied in the present paper. The elution volume of the associable lipase increased when the loaded amount decreased. A KD value of 1.9 X 10(-6) M at pH 6.2 was thus deduced. A minimum value of 1.5 X 10(-6) M was obtained at pH 5.1-5.3. Mixed micelles associated with coupled colipase, but no modifications of lipase-colipase interactions took place when mixed micelles were added to the elution buffer. DMMA-modified coupled colipase failed to interact with lipase, owing to the specific orientation of the modified cofactor in the gel. PMID- 6534403 TI - Albumin extinction followed by de novo methylation of its gene in somatic hybrids of a rat hepatoma. AB - We have previously identified an Msp I site at the 5' end of the rat albumin gene whose undermethylation is necessary but not sufficient for stable albumin expression in rat hepatoma cells. We have also shown that the extinction of albumin expression in somatic hybrids is not the result of methylation at this site, since for two different crosses, rapid extinction was found to occur in the absence of any de novo methylation of the previously active gene. In the present study, we examine albumin expression and albumin gene methylation for independent hybrid clones isolated from crosses between albumin expressing rat hepatoma cells and cells of two different non-expressing lines. The cells from hybrid clones of both crosses are characterized by stable extinction of albumin expression. Moreover, we find that de novo methylation of the "extinguished" albumin gene can occur in somatic hybrids, but only some weeks after the gene has ceased to be expressed. PMID- 6534404 TI - The essential cationic charge of phospholipid polar head in the reactivation of D beta-hydroxybutyrate apodehydrogenase revealed by cationic surfactants. AB - Attempts to reactivate purified D-beta-hydroxybutyrate apodehydrogenase, a lecithin-requiring enzyme, have been carried out using neutral, anionic, cationic and zwitterionic surfactants. Cationic and zwitterionic compounds exclusively are able to partially replace phosphatidylcholine, the reactivating phospholipid. The extent of reactivation depends on the steric hindrance of the polar head and on the hydrophobic tail length. A molecule bearing a positive charge and an aliphatic chain is the sole structure absolutely required for activity. However the presence of a negative charge is important for enzyme binding to amphiphilic structures and for the efficiency of reactivation. PMID- 6534405 TI - Tests of the null hypothesis in case-control studies. AB - The relative merits of the likelihood ratio statistic, the Wald statistic, and the score statistic are examined by an empirical evaluation based on matched case control data. A mixture model for the relative-odds function is used. The likelihood ratio statistic is relatively constant for reasonable values of the mixture parameter, but the Wald statistic is unstable. The score statistic is shown to be independent of the mixture parameter. An exact expression is derived for the change in the score statistic upon deletion of risk sets, and an approximation is numerically evaluated. PMID- 6534406 TI - Multivariate methods in ophthalmology with application to other paired-data situations. AB - Methods are presented for performing multiple regression analyses and multiple logistic regression analyses on ophthalmologic data with normally and binomially distributed outcome variables, while accounting for the intraclass correlation between eyes. These methods are extended to more general nested data structures where a variable number of subunits are available for each primary unit of analysis, as in familial data. These methods can also be applied to other types of paired data, as in matched studies with a variable matching ratio, where one has a continuous outcome variable and wishes to control for other confounding variables while maintaining the matching. Examples are given of these methods with a group of over 400 patients with retinitis pigmentosa, in which spherical refractive error and visual acuity are related to genetic type after the effects of age, sex and the presence of cataract, have been controlled. PMID- 6534407 TI - Properties of proportional-hazards score tests under misspecified regression models. AB - The effects are investigated of misspecifying a proportional-hazards regression model on the associated partial-likelihood score test for comparing two randomized treatments in the presence of covariates. The asymptotic efficiency of the proportional-hazards score test, relative to the optimal partial-likelihood test, declines slowly as the hazard functions for the two treatments deviate from proportionality; the efficiency can be very low when the hazard functions cross or differ only at large survival times. Misspecification of the functional form of the regression portion of a proportional-hazards model introduces a quantitative treatment-covariate interaction. In the situations that we examine, based on a binary covariate, this misspecification usually results in only a minor drop in efficiency. The omission of a covariate that is balanced across treatments has a negligible effect on the size of the score test, but can substantially reduce power when the covariate effect is strong. The loss of power from mismodeling a balanced covariate is usually small. PMID- 6534408 TI - A two-sample censored-data rank test for acceleration. AB - A score test for the null hypothesis of proportional hazards against rank regression alternatives is proposed as a complement to the logrank test for comparing censored survival curves. The test statistic has an asymptotic normal distribution that is independent of the logrank distribution under the null hypothesis, and its power is good against acceleration alternatives (i.e. with crossing hazards) where the logrank test fails. Monte Carlo studies indicate that its small-sample properties are comparable to those of the logrank and ranksum procedures. PMID- 6534409 TI - Change-over clinical trial with binary data: mixed-model-based comparison of tests. AB - A mixed model is proposed for the two-period change-over clinical trial with binary responses. Tests for the treatment effect are derived under several versions of this model. This approach reveals the relative merits of tests previously described in the literature and leads to a new test for the carry-over effect. PMID- 6534410 TI - Procedures for comparing samples with multiple endpoints. AB - Five procedures are considered for the comparison of two or more multivariate samples. These procedures include a newly proposed nonparametric rank-sum test and a generalized least squares test. Also considered are the following tests: ordinary least squares, Hotelling's T2, and a Bonferroni per-experiment error rate approach. Applications are envisaged in which each variable represents a qualitatively different measure of response to treatment. The null hypothesis of no treatment difference is tested with power directed towards alternatives in which at least one treatment is uniformly better than the others. In all simulations the nonparametric procedure provided relatively good power and accurate control over the size of the test, and is recommended for general use. Alternatively, the generalized least squares procedure may also be useful with normally distributed data in moderate or large samples. A convenient expression for this procedure is obtained and its asymptotic relative efficiency with respect to the ordinary least squares test is evaluated. PMID- 6534411 TI - On the apparent clustering of clonal albumin production and enzyme activity levels. AB - This communication is a critique of a novel, but inappropriate, use of the correlation coefficient to demonstrate the clustering of biological activity levels about a purported geometric progression. The data are re-examined by using a Fourier analysis approach to test for periodicity on a logarithmic scale; this approach follows from the methods of Kendall (1974, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, Series A 276, 231-266) and Fisher (1929, Proceedings of the Royal Statistical Society, Series A 125, 54-59). PMID- 6534412 TI - A comparative study of conditional maximum likelihood estimation of a common odds ratio. AB - The finite-sample properties of various point estimators of a common odds ratio from multiple 2 X 2 tables have been considered in a number of simulation studies. However, the conditional maximum likelihood estimator has received only limited attention. That omission is partially rectified here for cases of relatively small numbers of tables and moderate to large within-table sample sizes. The conditional maximum likelihood estimator is found to be superior to the unconditional maximum likelihood estimator, and equal or superior to the Mantel-Haenszel estimator in both bias and precision. PMID- 6534413 TI - Confidence interval about the response at the stationary point of a response surface, with an application to preclinical cancer therapy. AB - A method of calculating a confidence interval about the response at the stationary point of a response surface is presented. We show that the technique can also be used to calculate a confidence region about the location of the stationary point. The procedure is applied, via Cox's proportional-hazards model, to the analysis of survival data from a preclinical cancer chemotherapy experiment involving the combination of two drugs. It is seen that the results can be useful in determining the existence of a therapeutic synergism. PMID- 6534415 TI - Morbidity risk for late-onset disease. PMID- 6534414 TI - Nonparametric estimation of the survival function when cause of death is uncertain. AB - A nonparametric estimator for the survival function, accommodating censored survival times and uncertainty in the assignment of cause of death, is proposed. For example, in a carcinogenicity experiment the data on each animal may consist of an observed age-at-death and some indication of the probability that the tumor type under study caused death. An estimator of the net survival function, for time-to-death due to the cause of interest, is developed. Under certain assumptions, the proposed estimator is consistent and asymptotically normally distributed. Monte Carlo simulations were used to compare this estimator with the Kaplan-Meier estimator. Forcing the cause of death to be specified with certainty, as required by the Kaplan-Meier estimator, may result in substantial biases. PMID- 6534416 TI - Detection of disease clustering in time. PMID- 6534417 TI - A score test for the possible presence of recessive alleles in generalized ABO like genetic systems. AB - In generalized ABO-like genetic systems, particularly for certain human leukocyte antigen (HLA) loci, it is quite likely, even for large sample sizes, that no double recessives (or 'double blanks') may be found. It has been suggested that all such data should be analyzed as if the true recessive gene frequency were 0. We derive an easily computed score [or C(alpha)] statistic which tests for the possibility that, in such instances, this frequency may exceed 0. An associated point estimator is suggested. The methods are applied to the data analyzed by Smouse and Williams (1982, Biometrics 38, 757-768). PMID- 6534418 TI - Random-effects models for serial observations with binary response. AB - This paper presents a general mixed model for the analysis of serial dichotomous responses provided by a panel of study participants. Each subject's serial responses are assumed to arise from a logistic model, but with regression coefficients that vary between subjects. The logistic regression parameters are assumed to be normally distributed in the population. Inference is based upon maximum likelihood estimation of fixed effects and variance components, and empirical Bayes estimation of random effects. Exact solutions are analytically and computationally infeasible, but an approximation based on the mode of the posterior distribution of the random parameters is proposed, and is implemented by means of the EM algorithm. This approximate method is compared with a simpler two-step method proposed by Korn and Whittemore (1979, Biometrics 35, 795-804), using data from a panel study of asthmatics originally described in that paper. One advantage of the estimation strategy described here is the ability to use all of the data, including that from subjects with insufficient data to permit fitting of a separate logistic regression model, as required by the Korn and Whittemore method. However, the new method is computationally intensive. PMID- 6534419 TI - The management of urinary tuberculosis--a logical approach. AB - The chemotherapy of urinary tuberculosis is controversial as far as choice of drug regimen and duration of treatment are concerned. We propose a course of treatment that is tailored to the pathological state of infection and the type of surgical procedure performed. One hundred and ten patients with tuberculous infection were divided into three groups. Group I comprised 27 patients in whom surgery was not necessary; Group II contained 48 patients where ablative surgery was carried out; Group III consisted of 35 patients who underwent reconstructive surgery. Anti-tuberculous drugs (rifampicin, pyrazinamide, isoniazid and ethambutol) were given according to this tailored regimen. Patient compliance and results of treatment were excellent. PMID- 6534420 TI - Replacement of ureteric segments by intubated neo-ureterotomies (modified Davis technique) using autologous bladder and omentum in dogs. AB - In 14 dogs, using a modified Davis technique, excised segments of ureters were replaced by free, partial-thickness bladder grafts vascularised by omentum. Eight of the 14 dogs had satisfactory radiological appearances of the operated upper tracts at 12 months, and 9 of the 14 were unobstructed urodynamically at this time. Graft segments did not appear to contract. Urothelial and smooth muscle regeneration was observed. PMID- 6534421 TI - Continent caecal reservoir in urinary diversion. AB - Construction of a continent urinary reservoir was attempted in 18 patients with carcinoma of the bladder. The caecum was used as the reservoir and an intussuscepted ileal nipple was created to provide continence. Fifteen patients are alive and have been observed for 7 to 68 months. The most common complication was malfunction of the nipple valve with urinary leakage and/or difficulty in catheterisation. Revision of the outlet was performed one or more times in 11 cases. The technique of nipple valve construction was successively evolved, with improvement in the functional results. Stricture of one uretero-intestinal anastomosis occurred in three patients. Construction of a continent caecal reservoir is a complex procedure and the problem of a stable, continence-ensuring mechanism in the outlet has not been conclusively solved. The enhanced quality of life offered by a successful continent reservoir nevertheless warrants continued clinical trials in selected patients. PMID- 6534422 TI - Dynamics of a continent caecal reservoir for urinary diversion. AB - Motor activity of the caecal reservoir for urine, and of the intussuscepted nipple valve in the ileal outlet, was studied in seven continent and two incontinent patients by means of a catheter equipped with two microtransducers. The basal pressure was low in the reservoir even at large-volume filling. In the continent patients the basal pressure was always higher in the ileal outlet than in the reservoir. No high-pressure zone was present in the outlet in the incontinent patients. Intermittent pressure waves occurred in the reservoir, and they increased in frequency, duration and amplitude with increasing filling. Pressure waves with higher amplitude arose simultaneously in the outlet. Increasing time from construction of the reservoir was accompanied by decreasing amplitude of the pressure waves, indicating adaptation towards the larger functional capacity of the reservoir. The recorded dynamics seemed to reflect the functional state of the reservoir. PMID- 6534423 TI - Taking the ileal conduit through the mesentery: a method of reducing the incidence of intestinal obstruction. AB - Bringing the ileal conduit through the mesentery is a simple procedure and reduces the incidence of post-operative and late intestinal obstruction. PMID- 6534424 TI - Clean intermittent self-catheterisation in the management of adult lower urinary tract dysfunction. AB - The results of clean intermittent self-catheterisation in a group of 57 patients (2 male, 55 female) followed for up to 5 years are reported. The benefits in patient management are discussed and particular note is made of this technique for female patients with chronic urinary retention and overflow incontinence. PMID- 6534425 TI - Pre-cystoscopic diagnosis of bladder tumour by modified intravenous urography. AB - Intravenous urography is the primary radiographic procedure used to evaluate patients with haematuria. During the last 15 years a modification of intravenous urography, using delayed films of the bladder, has aided the correct pre cystoscopic diagnosis of bladder tumor in 82 of the 95 patients seen with this condition at our medical centre. After injection of contrast medium, anteroposterior and oblique views of the abdomen are obtained up to 15 min. Our modification consists of taking delayed films of the full bladder 1/2 h and 1 h later, followed by a post-voiding film. A bladder tumour appears as a filling defect or space-occupying lesion and can be distinguished from other lesions. Such delayed films increase the yield in the radiographic diagnosis of bladder tumours. PMID- 6534426 TI - Carcinoma of the prostate with soft tissue or non-regional lymphatic metastases at the time of diagnosis: a review of 47 cases. AB - The clinical course of 47 patients with carcinoma of the prostate who at the time of initial presentation had metastases to soft tissue or non-regional lymph nodes was retrospectively reviewed. The response rate to primary hormonal treatment (orchiectomy or oestrogens) and the duration of response were similar to those of 47 other patients presenting with skeletal metastases only. The survival of the patients in the study group was not statistically different from that of patients with skeletal metastases only. The results suggest that patients presenting initially with metastases to non-regional lymph nodes or soft tissue should be treated by the same therapeutic methods as for disseminated prostatic cancer in general (oestrogens or orchiectomy). Slight or no urinary symptoms at the time of initial presentation in spite of a locally advanced tumour was a common finding; 20% of the patients had normal serum prostatic acid phosphatase despite the presence of disseminated disease. Lymph node enlargement in the left supraclavicular fossa was the most common site of non-regional lymphatic spread. Elderly males with metastatic carcinoma in this region should be investigated for the possibility of prostatic cancer. PMID- 6534427 TI - Cancer of the prostate. Do younger men have a poorer survival rate? AB - Analysis of cancer registration survival data, together with a review of published clinical and pathological studies, strongly suggests that cancer of the prostate occurring before the age of 55 has a worse survival prospect than at ages up to 74. The likely reasons appear to be a higher degree of malignancy of tumours in younger men and, particularly, late diagnosis from failure to suspect the disease in this age group. This suggests that routine clinical examination of the prostate should be carried out as soon as feasible after the age of 40. PMID- 6534428 TI - Management of complicated strictures of the urethra in men. AB - Of 250 men with urethral strictures seen over a period of 40 months 50 had complications such as periurethral abscesses, inflammatory masses, urethral fistulas, sinuses and urinary extravasation. The strictures were multiple and showed diffuse involvement of the urethra; 90% were of inflammatory origin. PMID- 6534429 TI - Parameters of erection. AB - Passive erection was obtained in 10 patients with normal erections without the use of any artificial mechanism of retention at the base of the penis. The necessary flow to provoke the erection ranged between 80 and 120 ml/min. Intracavernous pressure and penile circumference were also monitored until the appearance of a complete erection. This study showed that the maximum tumescent diameter of the penis was obtained before significant rigidity and thus explains the possible misinterpretation of nocturnal penile tumescence as a screening method for impotence. PMID- 6534430 TI - The prognosis of male subfertility: a survey of 1025 men referred to a fertility clinic. AB - A retrospective survey of 1025 consecutive men referred to a male fertility clinic was carried out: 180 (18%) produced a pregnancy while attending the clinic. There was an overall inverse relationship between age and the production of pregnancy, although the majority of pregnancies were in the partners of men aged 25 to 39 at referral. The proportion of pregnancies rose from 4% for men presenting with azoospermia to 27% for those with initial sperm counts of 11 to 20 million/ml. The relationship between production of pregnancy and sperm density was inconsistent for men with sperm densities above 20 million/ml. There was no significant difference in the sperm motility at referral between those who did or did not produce a pregnancy. Success was highest for men whose duration of infertility at referral was between 2 and 3 years. The importance of these findings to the investigation of infertile men is discussed. PMID- 6534431 TI - Serious arterial injury during urological surgery. PMID- 6534432 TI - Unusual presentation of carcinoma of prostate. PMID- 6534433 TI - Well differentiated carcinoma of the prostate seeding a perineal needle biopsy tract. PMID- 6534434 TI - A truly mixed renal tumour. PMID- 6534435 TI - Calcified urachal cyst. PMID- 6534436 TI - Amyloidosis of the ureter. PMID- 6534437 TI - Urinary retention due to ovarian cyst. PMID- 6534438 TI - Chylo-ascites after extended radical nephrectomy. PMID- 6534439 TI - Varicocele: treatment by ligation of cremasteric veins. PMID- 6534440 TI - Low cost endoscopic photography. PMID- 6534441 TI - A technique for open renal biopsy in children. PMID- 6534442 TI - Genitourinary tuberculosis. A study of 1117 cases over a period of 34 years. AB - One thousand one hundred and seventeen patients with genitourinary tuberculosis who were treated over a period of 34 years have been reviewed. During this time various regimens of treatment were used and have been evaluated. Emphasis is placed on the results of the group on short-course chemotherapy which has been in use since 1970 and is now standard practice. This group has been carefully studied, as the chemotherapeutic combinations are important to developing countries. The clinical response, sterilisation of urine, urinary reversion, drug toxicity and the place of surgery in relation to modern chemotherapy have been discussed and assessed. They show that the results of short-course chemotherapy are satisfactory and confirm that there is no need to extend chemotherapy beyond 4 months, except in unusual circumstances. PMID- 6534443 TI - Clinical and experimental evaluation of ureteric dilatation. AB - The present study was designed to evaluate the effect of ureteric dilatation (performed as a prelude to rigid ureteroscopy) on the vesicoureteric mechanism in experimental animals and man. Through a vesicotomy the left ureteric orifices of 10 anaesthetised male New Zealand White rabbits were dilated approximately 3-fold (to 4-5F) using Seldinger wires and gradated cannulae. Serial intravenous urograms and histological examination of the excised vesicoureteric junctions were performed at intervals of 2 weeks. Histologically, acute inflammatory changes were noted at 24 h, but at 2 to 8 weeks the histological appearances were normal. Radiologically, transient upper tract dilatation was noted in three animals. In 10 patients, intravenous urograms and micturating cystograms were performed 3 months after ureteric dilatation to 14F (prior to ureteroscopy). One asymptomatic patient had grade 1 vesicoureteric reflux but no other radiological abnormalities were found. It is concluded that ureteric dilatation is a safe procedure which merits reassessment as a urological technique. PMID- 6534444 TI - Treatment of detrusor instability of the urinary bladder by selective sacral blockade. AB - Detrusor instability and its associated incontinence frequently impair activity and the results of pharmacological and operative treatment have often been unsatisfactory. Twenty-two patients with idiopathic detrusor instability were treated by selective local anaesthesia of both sacral roots S3. The follow-up period ranged from 4 months to 2 years. In patients with neuropathic detrusor instability, local anaesthesia had no permanent effect, but in four such cases it was possible to achieve continence by permanent blockade of S3 using phenol injections. A disadvantage of the latter procedure was that bladder emptying was achieved only by manual abdominal compression or catheterisation. PMID- 6534445 TI - Acute urinary retention--a urodynamic assessment. AB - Thirty male patients with acute urinary retention were studied by standard urodynamic techniques on admission to hospital. Ten individuals also underwent cystography and sequential urodynamic testing over 96 h. Twenty-three per cent of patients did not require subsequent prostatectomy. Inability to initiate a voiding contraction during cystometry at the time of admission was associated with a prolonged duration of retention and a greater retained volume. The internal urethral meatus is closed in retention, and release of the retention results in an increase in profile length and maximum urethral closure pressure and a decrease in maximum urethral pressure. Free catheter drainage was associated with a reduction in bladder capacity and the appearance of detrusor instability. PMID- 6534446 TI - Place of the free flow curve in the urodynamic investigation of children. AB - In a group of 210 children, predictions based on the form of the free flow rate curve, obtained without invasive instrumentation, have been compared with the results of a full urodynamic study. If the free flow curve is normal and there is no residual urine, then significant voiding abnormality, whether of functional or anatomical origin, is unlikely. If the free flow curve is abnormal or there is residual urine, then a full urodynamic investigation is indicated in order to determine the cause. A child with a normal free flow curve is more likely to show detrusor instability than a child with an abnormal free flow. PMID- 6534447 TI - Long-term follow-up of surgery for urinary incontinence in elderly women. AB - This study reviews the 3- to 5-year follow-up of 35 elderly women treated by colposuspension for incontinence due to urethral sphincter incompetence (genuine stress incontinence). All patients had pre- and post-operative urodynamic studies and were followed up annually by clinical assessment and Urilos test. Thirty-two patients were subjectively cured and 31 objectively cured. Cystocele was corrected by the colposuspension. Rectocele and enterocele were frequently encountered at follow-up and prophylactic closure of the pouch of Douglas or posterior repair were recommended. Although the peak urine flow rate measurements at follow-up were reduced, no patient encountered difficulty in bladder emptying. The low operative and post-operative morbidity rate was due to careful pre operative medical selection. PMID- 6534448 TI - Experience with bladder training in 65 patients. AB - The results of in-patient bladder training in 65 women with frequency, urgency and urge incontinence are reported. There was a good initial response in 88%. By 6 months the response rate had fallen to 38%. Patients with sensory urgency appeared to do better than those with detrusor instability and it is suggested that bladder training may be indicated as primary treatment in sensory urgency. Eysenck Personality Inventory testing was carried out in 43 patients. The mean neuroticism score was high, with non-responders having a higher neuroticism score than responders. Patients with detrusor instability had a higher mean neuroticism score than those with sensory urgency. Introverted patients appeared to do better than extraverts with bladder training. PMID- 6534449 TI - Histopathological review of transitional cell carcinoma of the upper urinary tract. AB - A histopathological review of 30 patients with transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the upper urinary tract showed that 21 patients had dysplastic epithelium adjacent to the tumour, irrespective of the degree of invasion; 20 patients had multifocal disease with some degree of dysplasia or carcinoma elsewhere. It is concluded that radical surgery should be performed whenever possible, even in the superficial low grade tumour. PMID- 6534450 TI - Tumour angiogenesis factor in urological cancers. AB - The presence of a tumour angiogenesis factor (TAF) was investigated by bioassay and radioimmunoassay (RIA) in tissue and urine from patients with a variety of urological cancers. TAF was present in the majority of tumours studied by both methods and absent from controls. Our results suggest that RIA of urine for TAF may be applicable as a screening test for bladder cancer. PMID- 6534451 TI - Value of excretory cystography in the diagnosis of bladder tumours. AB - The value of excretory cystography in diagnosing bladder tumours was assessed in a randomised study. The 10-min, 20-min, and post-voiding films of intravenous urograms of 75 patients with biopsy-proved bladder tumours and of 25 patients with proved normal bladders were randomly reviewed. Overall, 60 of 75 bladder tumours (80%) were correctly diagnosed by review of the roentgenograms. Specificity and sensitivity were comparable (94 and 96% respectively) for patients with papillary tumours greater than or equal to 0.5 cm in diameter, but specificity was low (23%) for those with tumours smaller than 0.5 cm. It is concluded that excretory cystography makes a considerable contribution to the establishment of the diagnosis of papillary bladder tumours greater than or equal to 0.5 cm in diameter. PMID- 6534452 TI - Intravenous urography: important adjunct for diagnosis of bladder tumours. AB - The intravenous urogram (IVU) has long been considered important for the evaluation of haematuria. A retrospective review of 64 patients with haematuria and subsequent histologically proven carcinoma of the bladder revealed that bladder tumours could be diagnosed pre-operatively in 34 of 46 (76%) of patients with gross haematuria and 12 of of 18 (67%) of those with microhaematuria. Fifteen of 20 IVUs available for review disclosed filling defects on the post void view in 15/15 (100%), the anteroposterior view in 13/15 (87%), and the oblique view in 7/14 (50%). The IVU, especially the post-void view, permits pre operative detection of bladder tumours in a majority of patients and can alert the clinician to the need for urgent cystoscopy. PMID- 6534453 TI - Urethral strictures following cardiac surgery. AB - During the period July 1979 to December 1980 a series of urethral strictures developed following catheterisation for cardiac surgery in this hospital. Catheterisation was for monitoring purposes and the operation, in the majority of cases, was a coronary artery bypass graft procedure. The typical stricture extended along the anterior urethra as far as, but not including, the bulbous urethra. The presentation, diagnosis and subsequent management are outlined and possible aetiological factors are discussed. PMID- 6534454 TI - Fournier's gangrene and urethral problems. AB - Fournier's classical description of infective genital gangrene has been frequently amplified. We present seven patients in whom the exact site of gangrene was related to the origin of the infection, either from the urethra or from the anorectum. A sixth case of diabetes presenting as Fournier's gangrene is described. The need for urological assessment in this condition is discussed. PMID- 6534455 TI - Mentor inflatable penile prosthesis: clinical experience in 52 patients. AB - The Mentor inflatable penile prosthesis is manufactured from Bioflex polyurethane, a material which is less elastic and more durable than silicone. Use of this new biocompatible polymer eliminates cylinder aneurysms and wear induced cylinder leaks. The new prosthesis also incorporates a snap-on connector system designed to eliminate connector leaks and decrease operative time. The Mentor prosthesis has been implanted in 52 patients with organic impotence. The patients have been followed up for 2 to 16 months (average 8.3), the follow-up exceeding 1 year in 15 patients. A satisfactory cosmetic and functional result was achieved in 51 cases. Infection necessitated removal of the prosthesis in one patient. There were no pump, reservoir or tubing failures. After early connector failures there were no connector failures in the subsequent 48 patients. Additional complications included an incisional hernia and a cylinder failure which resulted from a manufacturing defect. There were no failures attributable to wear or material fatigue. The inherent reliability of this new prosthesis and the excellent functional and cosmetic results it produces justify its use in any patient who is a candidate for a penile prosthesis. PMID- 6534456 TI - Vasculogenic impotence: diagnosis and objective evaluation using quantitative segmental pulse volume recorder. AB - Pulse volume recordings were obtained in 60 normal subjects and 74 patients with a history of impotence using a technique that is simple, reliable, inexpensive, reproducible and capable of standardisation. It measures the contributions of all vessels in the penis. The components of the electronic package are described. The pulse volume amplitudes, pulse contours and other measurements in normal subjects are defined. The results give a reliable index of penile blood flow. Pulse volume recordings were also found to correlate with the severity of pelvic angiographic patterns of occlusive disease. Further investigation is necessary to determine the precision with which the method can detect penile blood flow in patients with early vascular disease. PMID- 6534457 TI - Antisperm antibodies and male infertility. AB - Two hundred males attending a fertility clinic and 65 men who had fathered one or more children were screened for sperm antibodies using sperm agglutination and immobilisation tests. The incidence of sperm antibodies was significantly higher in the former group. Agglutinin and immobilisin were not related to sperm concentration, morphology, ejaculate volume, seminal plasma zinc, magnesium, acid phosphatase and fructose. However, sperm motility and viability were significantly reduced in the presence of sperm antibodies. There appeared to be no relationship between the presence of antisperm antibodies and Mycoplasma, aerobic or anaerobic organisms. There was a positive correlation between agglutinating and immobilising antibodies in serum and seminal plasma. This study suggests that sperm antibodies at a significant titre may lower male fertility. PMID- 6534458 TI - Aetiological factors in the production of obstructive azoospermia. AB - From a group of 749 infertile men, 102 (13.6%) were found to have obstructive azoospermia. An attempt is made to ascribe an aetiology to these obstructive lesions. In more than half of these patients, no cause for their obstructive lesion could be elicited. Only five gave a past history of gonorrhoea, and genital tract infection related to only eight patients. The disorder now most frequently associated with obstructive azoospermia is chronic respiratory disease. It is suggested that the aetiology of obstructive azoospermia has changed in recent years. PMID- 6534459 TI - Long-term survival with cutaneous metastases from prostatic cancer. PMID- 6534460 TI - Bilateral pelvic ectopic kidneys. PMID- 6534461 TI - Simultaneous contralateral renal transitional cell carcinoma in a patient with renal carcinoma. PMID- 6534462 TI - Are intraurethral condylomata premalignant? PMID- 6534463 TI - "Fungus testis" in granulomatous orchitis. PMID- 6534464 TI - A method of circumcision. PMID- 6534465 TI - A comparison between diuresis renography and the Whitaker test in 64 kidneys. AB - Fifty-seven patients have provided 64 dilated pelvicaliceal units for study by diuresis renography and the Whitaker test. Of 45 kidneys showing a type I or type IIIa renographic response (unobstructed), 32 were, according to Whitaker's criteria, obstructed, 8 fell into an equivocal zone and only 5 were unobstructed. Thirty-five of these kidneys--33 of which were associated with moderate or severe loin pain--were operated on for presumed obstruction with generally excellent symptomatic and renographic result. Thus the detection of a type I or type IIIa response in a dilated, painful system cannot be taken to exclude obstruction. Better correlation was obtained between renography and the Whitaker test in patients exhibiting a type IIIb or type II renographic response. Diuresis renography is a sensitive indicator of urodynamic disturbance in the upper urinary tract and an ideal means of evaluating post-operative progress. The Whitaker test provides a reliable means of selecting patients who will benefit from pyeloplasty. PMID- 6534466 TI - Renal pelvic pressures in human chronic obstructive uropathy. AB - Resting renal pelvic pressure and premicturition bladder pressure have been measured by direct percutaneous puncture in 12 male patients with established chronic obstructive uropathy related to high pressure chronic retention. In 10 technically satisfactory cases the subtracted renal pelvic pressure was less than the intrinsic bladder pressure, showing that upper tract dilatation and diminished renal function in these patients were not due to direct extension of high resting bladder pressure into the upper tract. The mean resting upper tract pressure in chronic human obstructive uropathy was 10.7 cm of water. PMID- 6534467 TI - Is the incidence of renal carcinoma increasing? AB - An analysis of standardised incidence rates for renal parenchymal tumours over a 14-year period in Scotland demonstrated a significant increase in disease incidence for males but not females. Reasons are presented to support the contention that this increase is in part real. PMID- 6534468 TI - Gunshot injuries of the urinary tract. AB - Five cases of gunshot injuries to the kidney, ureter, bladder, urethra and male external genitalia are reported. One case required nephrectomy. The others regained normal genitourinary function after surgical repair and/or adequate drainage and splintage. PMID- 6534469 TI - Review of accessories for percutaneous renal surgery. AB - Adequate accessory equipment is a prerequisite for successful percutaneous nephrolithotomy. The advantages of the Amplatz tube used in combination with the new sheathless nephroscopes are described. The design, action and efficiency of forceps are detailed. Triradiate rigid forceps have been shown to be superior to other types of forceps. All accessories are liable to be damaged and therefore must be regarded as semi-disposable. PMID- 6534470 TI - Percutaneous nephrolithotomy: one stage or two? AB - Two hundred and fifty cases of percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PNL) are described. One hundred and fifty cases were treated in two stages, 100 in a single stage. The one-stage method has been shown to be as safe as the two-stage method but should be reserved for those with experience of the technique and who possess adequate instrumentation. PNL has proved to be a preferable option to open stone surgery and a useful alternative to extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL). PMID- 6534471 TI - Percutaneous pyelolysis: indications, complications and results. AB - The results of percutaneous pyelolysis in 28 patients are presented. There were 18 successful and 10 unsuccessful cases. The indications for the procedure are defined in the light of this analysis. PMID- 6534472 TI - The natural history of ureteric Bilharzia. AB - A prospective study of apparent obstruction of the ureter by Bilharzia was undertaken. Over a 2-year period, 130 patients with active Bilharzia and 58 patients with inactive or chronic Bilharzia, all of whom had apparently obstructive lesions of the ureter, were studied. Ureteric lesions were examined for true mechanical obstruction by post-micturition erect radiography, erect diuresis renography and, in selected cases, by perfusion pressure flow studies. Of the 130 patients with active Bilharzia, 32 ureters were found to be mechanically obstructed and in each case the obstruction resolved with anti bilharzial medication. Of the 58 patients with chronic or inactive lesions, only 5 ureters were found to be truly obstructed and required surgery. It is concluded that surgery is unnecessary for ureters obstructed by active Bilharzia within 2 months of starting treatment because the obstruction will resolve in most patients. In the so-called chronic bilharzial stricture, obstruction is more apparent than real and thorough investigation will save many patients from unnecessary surgery. PMID- 6534473 TI - The impact of transurethral ureteroscopy on the management of ureteric calculi. AB - Transurethral ureteroscopy has now been used in an attempt to retrieve ureteric calculi in 48 patients. Six stones were located in the upper ureter, 11 in the middle and 31 in the lower third of the ureter. Successful retrieval was achieved in 27 patients at the first attempt and in 4 at a second ureteroscopy. Of the 17 failures, 7 patients have required open ureterolithotomy, 3 percutaneous nephrolithotomy and the remainder passed their stones either after in situ disintegration or ureteric meatotomy. There have been no serious complications to date. Transurethral ureteroscopy should now be regarded as the procedure of first choice in the management of ureteric calculi. PMID- 6534474 TI - Transuretero-ureterostomy--a review of its use in modern paediatric urology. AB - Transuretero-ureterostomy (TUU) was performed on 55 patients with a mean age of 10 years at operation and a mean follow-up of 4 years. The indications for this procedure are described and, if followed, it is safe and easily performed. The indications for its use may be as a primary procedure for unilateral ureteric pathology, as a salvage procedure, after failed ureteric reimplantation or as part of a urinary undiversion. There have been no deaths and only one patient later required a nephroureterectomy. PMID- 6534476 TI - A 15-year follow-up of 406 consecutive spinal cord injuries. AB - A follow-up of 406 traumatic spinal cord injuries admitted from 1967 to 1982 is presented. Forty patients died, only two (5% of deaths and 0.5% of the series) from renal complications. Twenty-seven died from pulmonary or cardiovascular causes, complete and cervical lesions being the most significant factors in mortality. Early and continued active urological treatment aimed at the provision of low pressure bladder drainage to protect the upper tract. The management and results are critically discussed. PMID- 6534475 TI - Urological problems following treatment of carcinoma of the cervix. AB - One thousand one hundred and sixty-one cases of carcinoma of the cervix presenting over a 20-year period to 1982 were considered: 326 (28%) of these women developed urological problems, of whom 82 (7%) had major complications. Fistula formation occurred in 46 cases (4%), and was associated with active malignant disease in 33. Significant progressive ureteric obstruction occurred in 15 patients, 11 of whom had active malignancy. Overall, 35 (43%) of 82 patients with major urological problems had no evidence of active disease. Urinary diversion by ileal conduit proved to be a relatively simple and effective way of dealing with the serious problems, especially for patients with fistula formation and progressive ureteric obstruction, 67% and 73% of whom, respectively, underwent this procedure. More complex reconstructive surgery proved successful in a small number of selected patients, in whom there was no evidence of active tumour. Attempts to compromise with less definitive or over-ambitious procedures resulted in further complications and prolonged hospitalisation. PMID- 6534477 TI - Practical experience with flexible fibrescope cystoscopy in out-patients. AB - Four hundred and seventy-four patients were examined by flexible cystoscopy under topical urethral anaesthesia in the out-patient clinic in the first year after the technique was introduced as the routine method for diagnostic cystoscopy. The technique has proved safe, efficient and highly cost-effective. PMID- 6534478 TI - A flexible cystoscope. AB - An assessment of the prototype Olympus Flexible Cystoscope in routine urological practice is presented. The results show that the instrument compares favourably in all respects with standard rigid equipment and has the advantage that cystoscopy can be performed supine and under local anaesthesia with ease. Biopsies may be taken; small lesions fulgurised and ureteric catheterisation can be performed without general anaesthesia. PMID- 6534479 TI - Endoscopic bladder transection. AB - Endoscopic bladder transection has been performed in 30 patients with symptoms as a result of unstable bladder activity. The symptomatic improvement produced justifies the use of this new operation which should replace the open procedure. PMID- 6534480 TI - Stamey endoscopic bladder neck suspension for stress incontinence. AB - Sixty female patients with clinically demonstrable stress incontinence of urine have had a Stamey operation during the last 3 years. The results have been good in curing stress incontinence, whilst the majority of the failures have been in patients with severe detrusor instability or a chronic cough. There have been few post-operative complications and urodynamic studies have shown improved cough urethral profiles and no evidence of bladder outflow obstruction. The Stamey procedure can be recommended as the initial operation for surgically curable incontinence. Mild bladder instability is not a contraindication to the operation and it is also useful in elderly, unfit or obese patients. PMID- 6534481 TI - A new in vitro microsuperfusion technique for investigation of human detrusor muscle. AB - There is a paucity of information regarding the behaviour of human detrusor muscle in vitro. This is mainly due to the dependence of muscle bath techniques on large strips of material, which can be obtained only at open operations and which may not be viable because of limited diffusion of oxygen and metabolites through the tissue. We report a new technique for the in vitro study of muscle obtained during endoscopic procedures by cup biopsy. The results obtained from normal muscle show that this technique gives consistent and reproducible results. PMID- 6534482 TI - Mazindol for nocturnal enuresis. AB - Sixteen adult enuretics who had failed to respond to simple conventional treatment of their symptoms have been investigated and treated with mazindol. Sixty-three per cent have been made dry and improvement achieved in a further 31%. PMID- 6534483 TI - Results of transvesical infiltration of the pelvic plexuses with phenol in 116 patients. AB - One hundred and sixteen patients with detrusor instability, detrusor hyper reflexia or bladder hypersensitivity who had failed to respond to standard conservative methods of management were treated by transvesical infiltration of the pelvic plexuses with phenol. A satisfactory response was obtained in detrusor hyper-reflexia (82%), in detrusor instability in patients over 55 years of age (69%) and in idiopathic bladder hypersensitivity (68%). The response rate was much less satisfactory in detrusor instability in patients less than 55 years of age (14%) and when there was a definable cause for bladder hypersensitivity (0%). PMID- 6534484 TI - Urinary chemiluminescence--an evaluation of its use in clinical practice. AB - It has been proposed that a substance, as yet unidentified, is excreted in the urine and acts as a chemical carcinogen. This substance during oxidative reactions will exhibit urinary chemiluminescence (UCL) and it is this release of energy in the form of light which activates the intracellular changes responsible for carcinogenesis. One hundred and seventy-seven people, 110 patients being followed up endoscopically for transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder (TCCB) and 67 controls, had their UCL measured. The UCL estimations confirmed previously reported trends where those with active disease had the highest UCL (84) and the controls had the lowest (55). These results did not reach statistical significance and the wide variations of the results do not allow UCL, as yet, to be of practical clinical use. PMID- 6534486 TI - Intravesical methotrexate in the treatment of superficial bladder cancer. AB - Thirty patients with superficial bladder cancer (Tis, Ta, Tl) difficult to control by endoscopic means were given a total of 49 courses of methotrexate at fortnightly intervals. Four concentrations were investigated. In 14 courses this was the sole treatment and in the remainder the methotrexate was given as prophylaxis. Toxicity was not a problem but in both groups, although there was some evidence of anti-tumour activity, there were high recurrence rates and intravesical methotrexate cannot be recommended. PMID- 6534485 TI - Promotion of bladder tumours by endoscopic procedures in an animal model. AB - An experimental study was performed to assess the possible tumour-promoting action of urothelial trauma caused by repeated intravesical diathermy, catheterisation, and the instillation of water, glycine and saline in the rat bladder which had previously been exposed to an initiating dose of the carcinogen N-methyl-N-nitrosourea. An increase in tumours and inflammatory changes was observed, especially in the group treated with water, and the significance of the findings is discussed. PMID- 6534487 TI - Treatment of invasive bladder cancer by local resection and high dose methotrexate. AB - Fifty-seven patients with transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder, categories pT2, pT3a and pT3b, were treated by transurethral resection of the tumour mass (54 cases) or partial cystectomy (3 cases) followed by 8 doses of methotrexate 2 g i.v. every 3 weeks with appropriate Leucovorin rescue. At completion of chemotherapy 6 months after TUR 33/57 patients were tumour-free; 5/57 had new superficial tumours; 13/57 had persistent tumour invading muscle, 3 showed tumour progression and 3 had died from treatment complications. One-year survival was 45/57 (82%); 2-year survival was 23/39. Although some patients developed metastases and others have grown new superficial tumours, of those surviving, the bladder was free of the original invasive tumour in 38/45 (84%) at 1 year and in 19/24 (79%) at 2 years. It is concluded that transurethral resection plus high dose methotrexate may offer an effective alternative to radiotherapy or cystectomy for a significant proportion of patients with invasive bladder cancer. PMID- 6534488 TI - Use of alum to control intractable vesical haemorrhage. AB - Eight patients with hitherto uncontrollable vesical bleeding were treated by irrigating the bladder with a 1% solution of alum. The method does not require anaesthesia and bleeding ceased in every case. PMID- 6534489 TI - Hyponatraemia during transurethral resection--its practical prevention. AB - Haemodilutional consequences of transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) can present clinical problems during or in the immediate period following this procedure. Recognition of large and rapid changes in the plasma sodium by inference from an ion selective electrode may avert the development of this potentially life-threatening complication. PMID- 6534490 TI - Incidental carcinoma of the prostate: treatment selection by second-look TURP. AB - Twenty consecutive patients, aged under 70 years, with an incidentally diagnosed (TONXMO) carcinoma of the prostate were studied to determine the value of a repeat (second-look) TURP in assessing the accuracy of the estimates of tumour grade and volume following a first resection and in selecting patients for deferred or definitive treatment. In 8 of the 20 cases no tumour was present in the second specimen and in three cases the quantities were insignificant. All patients were treated expectantly and none has developed disease progression. Appreciable residual tumour was still present in nine patients, four of whom have developed local progression despite treatment (radiotherapy or stilboestrol). It is concluded that a second-look TURP adds to the accuracy of the definition of the T-category and as such is a valuable adjunct in determining appropriate therapy in such patients. PMID- 6534491 TI - Calcium excretion in metastatic prostatic carcinoma. AB - In 64 men with prostatic carcinoma, calcium excretion per litre of glomerular filtrate (Cae) was persistently lower in those with bone secondaries than in those with soft tissue involvement only, despite a normal range of serum calcium in both groups. In three patients who showed an improvement in their bony metastases on bone scan 6 months after starting treatment, the Cae values had increased slightly but still remained in the low range. In a further five who showed no improvement on bone scan, Cae values were lower than before. In patients with prostatic carcinoma, Cae is an indicator of early changes in calcium homeostasis. It may also provide an objective indication of progression of bone secondaries. PMID- 6534492 TI - Radical prostatectomy in the management of localised carcinoma of the prostate. AB - During the years 1971 to 1983 24 patients underwent radical prostatectomy for localised carcinoma of the prostate. There was one post-operative death from a pulmonary embolism, but all other patients were available for follow-up. All tumours were confirmed on palpation to be clinically localised to the prostate. Patients with clinical stages T0, T1, and T2 were referred for radical surgery. Patients with incidental carcinoma (T0), with less than 10% of the total tissue involved with carcinoma, were not subjected to surgery, and were followed up by observation only. Two patients developed recurrence of tumour at 18 to 12 months, and 2 years. One patient died 1 year later from the disease; he had a pathological T3 tumour with microscopic extension into the seminal vesicles. All other patients are alive and tumour-free at follow-up and 20 of the 23 patients are fully continent. PMID- 6534493 TI - Radical prostatectomy and cystoprostatectomy with preservation of potency. Results using a new nerve-sparing technique. AB - A surgical technique that preserves the branches of the pelvic plexus that innervate the corpora cavernosa was employed during radical retropubic prostatectomy in 64 men and radical cystoprostatectomy in 11 men. In patients undergoing radical retropubic prostatectomy, sexual function returned gradually in the vast majority of patients post-operatively and by 1 year 86% were potent. The age of the patient did not influence post-operative potency but potency did correlate with clinical and pathological stage. Preliminary data suggest that deliberate excision of the neurovascular bundle unilaterally did not adversely affect potency. Of the 11 patients who underwent radical cystoprostatectomy, 82% have erections. Of the 6 patients with sexual partners who have been followed for 1 year, 4 (67%) are potent. These data suggest that erectile function can be preserved in most patients following radical prostatectomy and cystoprostatectomy. PMID- 6534494 TI - High serum prolactin associated with poor prognosis in carcinoma of the prostate. AB - Seventy patients with carcinoma of the prostate have had regular estimations of serum prolactin levels during a 10-month period, and were followed up for a further 6 months. Of 21 patients who recorded at least one high serum prolactin, 10 (48%) died during these 16 months, while of 50 with normal prolactin, only 2 (4%) died. Ten (21%) of the 47 patients on oestrogen or anti-androgen therapy died, and 9 of these had a high prolactin. This contrasts with 2 (14%) deaths of 14 who had had either bilateral orchiectomy or radiotherapy to the prostate. One of the 2 who died had a high prolactin. It is concluded that an elevated serum prolactin in treated carcinoma of the prostate is associated with progression of the disease and a poor prognosis. PMID- 6534495 TI - Urodynamic evaluation of bladder neck obstruction in chronic prostatitis. AB - Urodynamic assessment was performed in 50 patients with symptoms which supported a diagnosis of chronic prostatitis and commonly suggested outflow obstruction. Twenty-three patients had bladder instability with an equal incidence with or without obstruction; this was demonstrated in 30 patients and was localised to the bladder neck in 24 and to the prostate in 6. A sensory problem presented on urodynamic testing in 26 patients (52% of the entire series), with a lower incidence (43%) in the obstructed group. Posterior urethritis was found in 28 (78%) of 36 patients subjected to cystourethroscopy. Endoscopic findings were suggestive of obstruction in 20 (95%) of 21 patients with urodynamic evidence of outflow obstruction and the sites of obstruction generally corresponded. The studies have provided urodynamic evidence that bladder neck obstruction could be a significant though not a predominant factor in the aetiology of the clinical syndrome of chronic prostatitis. PMID- 6534496 TI - Selection of patients for implantation of the Brantley Scott artificial urinary sphincter. AB - The Brantley Scott artificial urinary sphincter (AUS) is a safe, effective and relatively trouble-free device for the control of sphincter weakness incontinence. Suitable patients should have no other urodynamic dysfunction or have had such a dysfunction corrected or controlled. Patients with post prostatectomy incontinence pose no problems in selection, although as a group they are the most prone to develop complications. Pure stress incontinence does not warrant implantation of an AUS except in very rare instances. In neuropathic dysfunction the AUS is one of several treatment options for the correction of incontinence and is most effectively used as such. In all patients, thorough pre operative videourodynamic evaluation is essential to get the best results and therefore to justify the infective and mechanical risks and the expense of the device. PMID- 6534497 TI - Nesbit's operation for Peyronie's disease. AB - Nineteen patients with Peyronie's disease were treated by a modification of Nesbit's operation. The deformity was completely corrected in 18 patients. Potency was restored to 4 of the 6 impotent patients and satisfactory coitus became possible for 15 patients, whereas it had been possible for only 3 before operation. PMID- 6534499 TI - Complications of vasectomy: review of 16,000 patients. AB - Sixteen thousand, seven hundred and ninety-six men underwent vasectomy between 1970 and December 1983 and have been reviewed. Post-operative side effects were few and significant complications were reported in 0.9%. Failure to achieve sterility occurred in 72 men, 69 of whom have been analysed. The early recanalisation rate was 0.36%. This rate was not influenced by the operative technique used, but varied markedly between individual surgeons. Experience and care with technique should result in a failure rate of 0.2% or better. There were six cases of late recanalisation in men previously thought sterile by two consecutive azoospermic analyses 4 months after vasectomy. PMID- 6534498 TI - Reappraisal of the role of radiotherapy and surgery in the management of carcinoma of the penis. AB - The iridium mould technique was used as the method of choice whenever possible in a series of 80 cases of cancer of the penis. When the growth was confined to the glans penis the survival rate was 89% but local recurrence called for subsequent amputation in 22%. When tumour had invaded the corpus cavernosum, irradiation improved the survival rate but amputation was required in 75 to 80%. Prognosis correlated well with histology, patients with a "cord" pattern having the worst prognosis. PMID- 6534500 TI - Interaction between licking and swallowing in the drinking rat. AB - Licking behavior of rats appeared to be interrupted periodically for about 20 ms. Behavioral and electrophysiological evidence is presented which indicates that during this period swallowing occurs. The hypothesis was tested that swallowing initiation depends on the volume of water that has accumulated in the oral cavity during drinking. No support for this hypothesis was obtained when the flow rate of water through the drinking tube was manipulated. Alternative hypotheses are discussed. PMID- 6534501 TI - Maturation of brainstem reflex mechanisms in relation to the transition from liquid to solid food ingestion. AB - Reflex activity was induced in the digastric and other submandibular muscles of pre-weaning rats, rabbits, cats and guinea pigs by electrical stimulation of the mouth. At birth, rats, cats and rabbits had long-latency reflexes which shortened with maturation. In the rat and rabbit, adult values are reached a day or so before they are known to ingest solid food. Only the guinea pig, which eats solids on day 1, had the adult latency at birth. The time course of the latency reduction in the rabbit appeared to have two phases. The first phase was rapid (1 2 days) and appeared to be largely of central origin. The second phase was slower and lasted for about 2 weeks. PMID- 6534503 TI - Brainstem organization of interacting behavioral systems. Proceedings of a satellite symposium of the 8th annual meeting of the European Neuroscience Association, September 11, 1984, The Hague, The Netherlands. PMID- 6534502 TI - Masseter, digastric and omohyoidal responses from weak mechanical oral stimuli in the chewing rat. AB - In rats anesthetized with ketamine, effects of jaw jerks (rise time 5 ms, strength 70 mN) applied in the open direction were studied both in the quiescent preparation and during rhythmic jaw-opening and jaw-closing movements (induced by mechanical stimulation of the palate). The left masseter, posterior and anterior digastric and omohyoid muscles were fitted with electrodes for recording electromyographic responses. In the quiescent state a jaw jerk causes responses in all recorded muscles. In the rhythmic preparation masseter responses persisted but digastric and omohyoidal responses were suppressed. This suppression was most prominent when jerks were applied during closing. However, responses in digastrics and omohyoid persisted when masseter nerves and periodontal afferents of the lower incisors were blocked with xylocaine. The suppression of digastric and omohyoidal responses therefore originates--at least partly - from masseter and periodontal afferents. When the periodontal afferents alone were blocked with xylocaine only the response in the opening phase persisted. The suppression of digastric and omohyoidal responses during opening are therefore reflexes from periodontal receptors. These observations support the concept that oral activity is controlled by two relatively independent systems. The first program-oriented system generates the basic movements whereas the second, environment-oriented, system has access to the program for correcting perturbations. There is evidence that muscles poorly supplied with muscle spindles (digastrics and omohyoid) act as pure effectors. Modulation of their activity is prompted by exteroceptors and muscle receptors in the masticatory muscles. PMID- 6534504 TI - Interaction of respiration with coughing, feeding, vision and oculomotor control in fish. AB - Data on the interaction between respiration, coughing, feeding, vision and oculomotor control in fish have been analyzed. A self-contained respiratory rhythm generator in the brainstem reticular formation is, at times, interrupted by a coughing generator, which is partly autorhythmic and partly under vagal afferent control. A number of cranial muscles are shared by the respiratory and masticatory systems. Others are predominately allocated to one of these systems but are recruited by the other under heavy loading conditions. The effect of retinal image displacements caused by respiration-induced eye movements appears to be centrally corrected during normal respiration. In addition, excessive eye movements are reduced by extraocular muscle contraction during intense respiration and cough. Both the central visual and the oculomotor corrections are based on open-loop control through input from the respiratory center. PMID- 6534505 TI - [Demographic development and expansion of the medical corps in the Federal Republic of Germany]. PMID- 6534506 TI - [Changes in the medical profession in the USA and USSR 1970-1980: demand and order]. PMID- 6534507 TI - [Trends in the demography and remuneration of health professions in the countries of the OECD (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development)]. PMID- 6534508 TI - Pharmacology of anticancer drugs. PMID- 6534509 TI - Determinants of response in cancer chemotherapy and modulation of anticancer activity. PMID- 6534510 TI - Bisantrene, biological and clinical effects. AB - The clinical trials of bisantrene are still at an early stage. However, the many Phase II trials currently ongoing in the Southwest Oncology Group are too premature to draw any firm conclusions. However, there was general agreement during the discussion period that bisantrene does have definite clinical activity in certain tumors. These include metastatic breast cancer, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, other types of lymphoma, leukemia, and, probably, ovarian cancer. There does not appear to be significant activity in malignant melanoma or in metastatic renal cancer. The conclusion of this symposium was that bisantrene is an active and reasonably well tolerated drug and that further trials are indicated. PMID- 6534511 TI - Mitoxantrone. PMID- 6534512 TI - Breast cancer. AB - If generalizations can be drawn from these two sessions, we would suggest that evidence can be seen in support of certain principles for the chemotherapy of breast cancer. These principles are: Combination chemotherapy. Doxorubicin containing combinations are superior to others in terms of improved remission rates. In the past decade, combination chemotherapy has resulted in significant improvement of survival in patients with disseminated breast cancer, and with this approach a small fraction of patients with metastatic disease have remained in extended complete remission. Dose of drugs. Drug combinations utilized at lower doses result in lower response rates. Drug dose rate. When chemotherapy is interrupted for treatment of local disease in inflammatory carcinoma of the breast, the survival rate of patients is lower compared to the subgroups of patients where there is no interruption in the treatment. PMID- 6534513 TI - Aminoglutethimide as an aromatase inhibitor in the treatment of cancer. PMID- 6534514 TI - [Study of left ventricular function by first-pass radioisotope ventriculography]. PMID- 6534515 TI - [Sensitivity and specificity of vectorcardiographic criteria in diaphragmatic necrosis]. PMID- 6534516 TI - [Cardiovascular response to exercise in subjects with reduced glucose tolerance]. PMID- 6534517 TI - [Paradoxical motion of the interventricular septum in echocardiography during right ventricular volume overload: a new pathogenetic conception]. PMID- 6534519 TI - [Prevention of infectious endocarditis]. PMID- 6534520 TI - [An attempt to implement maternal access to infants in collectives by a form of "ritual"]. PMID- 6534518 TI - [Diagnostic significance of the echocardiographic crux cordis in complex congenital cardiopathies. II. Univentricular heart. Conclusive considerations]. PMID- 6534521 TI - [Personal experience with the "child and mother" system in a hospital pediatric department]. PMID- 6534522 TI - [Dermatitis due to cowparsnip (Heracleum giganteum)]. PMID- 6534523 TI - [Problems in pediatric oncology]. PMID- 6534524 TI - [Complex diagnosis of Hodgkin's disease]. PMID- 6534525 TI - [Prognostically unfavorable factors in Hodgkin's disease]. PMID- 6534526 TI - [Therapy of Hodgkin's disease in children]. PMID- 6534527 TI - [Psychological aspects of the care of children with cancer]. PMID- 6534528 TI - [Reproduction in women who had a birth weight of 1000 gms or less]. PMID- 6534529 TI - [Risk of viral hepatitis infection in pediatric service employees]. PMID- 6534530 TI - The constricted heart--new concepts on etiology, pathogenesis and function. PMID- 6534531 TI - Home accidents in general practice. PMID- 6534534 TI - Doxycycline sensitivity in Klebsiella isolates from sputum. PMID- 6534533 TI - Sensori-motor polyneuropathy due to metronidazole. PMID- 6534532 TI - Observations on the health problems of a rural population--the Ampara experience. PMID- 6534535 TI - Alkaptonuria. PMID- 6534536 TI - Studies on the synthesis and anti-inflammatory activity of 2,6-di-tert butylphenols with a heterocyclic group at the 4-position. V. Elimination reaction of the sulfinyl group of 2,3-dihydroimidazo[2,1-b]thiazole 1-oxide. PMID- 6534537 TI - Synthesis of 2-deoxy-2-fluoro-D-mannose using fluoride ion. PMID- 6534538 TI - Synthesis and gastric antisecretory activity of N-cyano-N'-(phenyl pyridinylmethyl)guanidine derivatives. PMID- 6534539 TI - Synthesis and antibacterial activities of substituted 7-oxo-2,3-dihydro-7H pyrido[1,2,3-de][1,4]benzoxazine-6-carboxyl ic acids. PMID- 6534540 TI - Synthesis of antimicrobial agents. VI. Studies on the synthesis of furo[3,2 b][1,8]naphthyridine derivatives. PMID- 6534541 TI - Synthesis of antimicrobial agents. VII. Synthesis and antibacterial activities of furo [2,3-g]quinoline derivatives. PMID- 6534542 TI - Studies on the mutagenicity of swertiae herba. II. Quantitative analysis of mutagenic components by thin layer chromatograph densitometry. PMID- 6534543 TI - Fluorophotometry of barbaloin in Aloe. PMID- 6534545 TI - Effects of grinding and drying on the solid-state stability of ampicillin trihydrate. PMID- 6534546 TI - Studies on microcapsules. III. Influence of molecular weight of polyisobutylene in the microencapsulation of ascorbic acid. PMID- 6534544 TI - Effect of heterologous combination on competitive nephelometric immunoassay. II. Bridge-heterologous combination for ethosuximide immunoassay. PMID- 6534547 TI - Compression properties of cephalexin powder and physical properties of the tablet. PMID- 6534548 TI - Hydrophobic properties of anticonvulsant phenylacetanilides. Relationship between octanol-water partition coefficient and capacity factor determined by reversed phase liquid chromatography. PMID- 6534549 TI - A quantitative structure-activity study of anticonvulsant phenylacetanilides. PMID- 6534550 TI - Metabolism of magnolol from magnoliae cortex. I. Application of liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to the analysis of metabolites of magnolol in rats. PMID- 6534551 TI - Studies on peptides. CXXII. N-Succinimidyl-p-(2-nitrovinyl)-benzoate and its m isomer, as heterobifunctional conjugating reagents for immunoassay. PMID- 6534552 TI - Polymerization of glycine using anilinium tripolyphosphate. PMID- 6534553 TI - Purification of cathepsin D from guinea pig peritoneal macrophages. PMID- 6534554 TI - [Dangers of laser iridectomy in primary angle-closure glaucoma]. PMID- 6534555 TI - [Sclero-corneal desinsertion: an anatomical approach for cataract surgery with or without implant]. PMID- 6534556 TI - [Opto-chiasmatic glioma: radiological signs]. PMID- 6534557 TI - [A rare cause of Foster Kennedy syndrome: cerebral hydatidosis]. PMID- 6534558 TI - [Blow-out fracture or orbito-nasal dislocation caused by indirect shock]. PMID- 6534559 TI - [Post-traumatic carotido-cavernous fistula: symptomatic and developmental aspects]. PMID- 6534560 TI - [A method for surgery of the anterior segment. Preventive treatment of astigmatism]. PMID- 6534561 TI - [Evaluation of calculation formulae of the power of an implant. Statistical study of 114 implantations]. PMID- 6534562 TI - [Surgical treatment of retinal detachment with macular tear using vitrectomy followed by air-serum exchange]. PMID- 6534563 TI - [First results obtained with a new Canon retinograph with 90 degrees angle without corneal contact]. PMID- 6534564 TI - [Trans-ethmoidal-sphenoidal decompression and optic nerve injury]. PMID- 6534565 TI - [Over corrective contact lenses and convergent strabismus]. PMID- 6534566 TI - [The value of plasma exchange in retinal vasculitis and severe epitheliopathies]. PMID- 6534567 TI - [Colorimetry, physiology and physiopathology of color perception]. PMID- 6534568 TI - [The value of doxycycline in ophthalmology]. PMID- 6534569 TI - [Hamartoma of the pigment epithelium and juvenile pigmented retinal gliosis]. PMID- 6534570 TI - [Blindness in children. Apropos of a case of adrenoleukodystrophy]. PMID- 6534571 TI - [Vitreous hemorrhage and sex linked juvenile retinoschisis]. PMID- 6534572 TI - [Peripheral retinal degeneration]. PMID- 6534573 TI - [SF6 and vitrectomy in complex retinal detachment]. PMID- 6534574 TI - [Vascular occlusion in focusing chorioretinitis]. PMID- 6534575 TI - [Acute edematous capillaropathy in insulin-dependent diabetic patients. Apropos of 2 cases]. PMID- 6534576 TI - [Remote treatment of expulsive hemorrhage in cataract surgery]. PMID- 6534577 TI - [Trabeculo-retraction using an Argon laser in chronic open angle glaucoma]. PMID- 6534578 TI - [Trabeculo-retraction using lasers in open-angle glaucoma (our first results)]. PMID- 6534579 TI - [Surgical treatment of glaucoma secondary to angle closure]. PMID- 6534580 TI - [2 cases of Bouchut's tubercles (angiographic study)]. PMID- 6534581 TI - [Overaction of the controlateral inferior oblique muscle following unilateral surgical weakening of the inferior oblique muscle]. PMID- 6534582 TI - [Diagnostic value of electrophoresis of tear proteins]. PMID- 6534584 TI - [Infrared fluorescein angiography using indocyanine green]. PMID- 6534583 TI - [Ocular manifestations of botulism. Apropos of 3 cases]. PMID- 6534585 TI - [Acute respiratory distress syndrome: an unusual complication of intraocular silicone]. PMID- 6534586 TI - [Malignant transformation of benign tumors of the sclerocorneal limbus. Apropos of 2 cases in Bantus of Central Africa]. PMID- 6534587 TI - [Attempted correlation between the optomotor reflex under general anesthesia and elongation test in 100 cases of concomitant convergent strabismus]. PMID- 6534588 TI - [Hamartoma of the pigment epithelium. Apropos of 3 cases]. PMID- 6534589 TI - [257 cases of esotropia with functional amblyopia. Factors contributing to the success or failure of the treatment]. PMID- 6534590 TI - [Idiopathic juxtafoveolar retinal telangiectasis in the adult]. PMID- 6534591 TI - [A case of Coats' syndrome of an eye associated with toxoplasmic choroiditis of the other eye]. PMID- 6534592 TI - [Structural and ultrastructural aspects of the vessels of the anterior choroid]. PMID- 6534593 TI - [Vascularization of the ciliary body. I. The greater arterial circle of the iris]. PMID- 6534594 TI - [Friedmann's exploration using red light]. PMID- 6534595 TI - [Combined use of vitrectomy and injection of sulfur hexafluoride in complicated retinal detachment]. PMID- 6534596 TI - [Post-traumatic isolated retrobulbar emphysema]. PMID- 6534597 TI - [Value of sodium hyaluronate in injuries to the anterior segment]. PMID- 6534598 TI - [Association of Stilling-Duane syndrome and Brown's syndrome with crocodile tear syndrome and other congenital anomalies]. PMID- 6534599 TI - [Macular hole after anterior vitrectomy]. PMID- 6534600 TI - [Neurofibroma of the lacrimal sac. Apropos of a case]. PMID- 6534601 TI - [Sectors for quadripartition of binocular visual field]. PMID- 6534602 TI - [Faden-operation in organic visual deficient children]. PMID- 6534603 TI - [Binasal hemianopsia and hydrocephalus in the adult]. PMID- 6534604 TI - [Morphometric study of the vessels of the peripheral retina]. PMID- 6534605 TI - [Vascularization of the ciliary body. II. Vessels of the ciliary muscle]. PMID- 6534606 TI - [Unicorn spectacles]. PMID- 6534607 TI - [Severity of the development of hyalitis complicating giant foci of chorioretinitis]. PMID- 6534608 TI - [Acute retinal necrosis and ocular toxoplasmosis]. PMID- 6534609 TI - [Implants and glaucoma]. PMID- 6534610 TI - [Treatment of malignant melanoma of the uvea with the Stallard disk]. PMID- 6534611 TI - [Transfixing sclerociliary wounds. Apropos of 5 cases]. PMID- 6534612 TI - [Bacterial and mycotic ulcers in the Third World]. PMID- 6534613 TI - [Current development of the causes of blindness in children]. PMID- 6534614 TI - [Value of visual potentials evoked by pattern reversal and color stimulation]. PMID- 6534615 TI - [Fluctuating amaurotic ophthalmoplegia associated with aspergillosis of the sphenoid sinus]. PMID- 6534616 TI - [A case of annular choroidal atrophy]. PMID- 6534617 TI - [A case of bilateral morning-glory syndrome]. PMID- 6534618 TI - [Current concept of optochiasmatic arachnoiditis]. PMID- 6534619 TI - [Low-noise bilateralization of anterior ischemia of the optic nerve in 2 patients with emboligenic cardiopathy]. PMID- 6534620 TI - [Correction of aphakia by rigid lenses]. PMID- 6534621 TI - [A case of the Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome]. PMID- 6534622 TI - [Early recognition of trachoma in the field based on clinical criteria]. PMID- 6534623 TI - [Treatment of congenital nystagmus by Cuppers' 4-thread operation]. PMID- 6534624 TI - [Aeronautical industrial medicine and visual acuity in low luminosity]. PMID- 6534625 TI - [Visual evoked potentials and homonymous lateral hemianopsia]. PMID- 6534626 TI - [Remote results of cryotherapy in post-traumatic recurrent corneal pain]. PMID- 6534627 TI - [Photic macular injuries]. PMID- 6534628 TI - [Vitreous amyloidosis. Apropos of 2 cases with an ultrastructure study]. PMID- 6534629 TI - [Technic of preferential gaze in infants. Report of the method]. PMID- 6534630 TI - [Cavernous hemangioma of the intracanalar optic nerve]. PMID- 6534631 TI - [Surgical treatment of hyperaction of the inferior oblique muscle using the anteroposition-recession technic]. PMID- 6534632 TI - Personnel and equipment required for electrophysiologic testing. Report of the Committee on Electrocardiography and Cardian Electrophysiology, Council on Clinical Cardiology, the American Heart Association. PMID- 6534633 TI - Prevention of Bacterial Endocarditis. A statement for health professionals by the Committee on Rheumatic Fever and Infective Endocarditis of the Council on Cardiovascular Disease in the Young. PMID- 6534634 TI - Overcontrolled children and outcome of short-term psychiatric hospitalization. PMID- 6534635 TI - Parent preference in the attachment exploration balance in infancy: an experimental psychoanalytic approach. PMID- 6534636 TI - Borderline and neurotic children: what's the difference anyhow? PMID- 6534637 TI - The development of the Nurturance Inventory: an instrument for assessing parenting practices. PMID- 6534638 TI - Use of the strange-situation procedure in the diagnosis of attachment disorder. PMID- 6534639 TI - The corrective autistic experience: an application of the models of Tinbergen and Mahler. PMID- 6534640 TI - Assessment of behavioral change in a child psychiatric inpatient program. PMID- 6534641 TI - Leisure activities of learning disabled children as a reflection of their passive life style and prolonged dependency. PMID- 6534642 TI - Cognitive and social development in infants and toddlers with a bipolar parent. PMID- 6534644 TI - [Structure and function of epiphyseal cartilage]. PMID- 6534643 TI - The measure of marital satisfaction: a questionnaire to screen parents for marital problems. PMID- 6534645 TI - [Developmental model of the femur neck. Autonomous nature of growth processes in the femur neck and the risk of disorders after operations on the hip joint]. PMID- 6534646 TI - [High multiple nerve injuries of the upper limb]. PMID- 6534647 TI - [Dislocations of cervical spine without spinal cord injury]. PMID- 6534648 TI - [Selected indicators of general health status of children with multijoint instability]. PMID- 6534649 TI - [Effect of working for many years in a standing position on the incidence of flatfoot]. PMID- 6534650 TI - [Phillips' operation in degeneration of the hip joint]. PMID- 6534652 TI - [Radiological picture of degenerative changes in costovertebral joints]. PMID- 6534651 TI - [Injury of the superior gluteal artery during hip joint alloplasty]. PMID- 6534653 TI - [Treatment of tibial shaft fractures by the closed method of intramedullary osteosynthesis]. PMID- 6534654 TI - [Patellectomy as an effective method for the treatment of multi-fragment fractures of the patella]. PMID- 6534655 TI - [Determination of the territorial range of flaps from the gastrocnemius muscle]. PMID- 6534657 TI - [Problems of immediate supply of orthopedic equipment in ambulatory practice]. PMID- 6534656 TI - [Stand for evaluating muscular efficiency and for exercises of the knee joint]. PMID- 6534658 TI - [Osteoporosis, its pathogenesis and therapeutic suggestions]. PMID- 6534659 TI - [Traumatic displacement of intervertebral disk fragments to the spinal canal in the cervical segment]. PMID- 6534660 TI - [Case of osteochondroma of atypical localization giving symptoms of tumor of the spinal canal]. PMID- 6534661 TI - [Fracture-dislocation of the navicular bone]. PMID- 6534662 TI - [Familial occurrence of congenital hip dislocation]. PMID- 6534663 TI - [Evaluation of the systems controlling motor efficiency of elderly persons after femoral neck fractures]. PMID- 6534664 TI - [Results of the surgical treatment of chronic antero-medial knee joint instability]. PMID- 6534665 TI - [Calcium and phosphorus levels and acid and alkaline phosphatase activity in children with cerebral palsy]. PMID- 6534666 TI - [Incidence of varicose changes in the lower limbs in relation to the type and duration of work]. PMID- 6534667 TI - [Value of the delayed hypersensitivity skin test in the evaluation of complication risks in patients with locomotor system injuries and orthopedic diseases]. PMID- 6534668 TI - [A case of osteopoikilosis]. PMID- 6534669 TI - [Temporary crural prosthesis for infants and small children]. PMID- 6534670 TI - [Treatment of Kienbock's disease with segmentary shortening of the radius. Apropos of 28 cases]. PMID- 6534671 TI - [Postoperative risk in major digestive surgery. Value of a prognostic nutritional index based upon 114 operations]. PMID- 6534672 TI - [Supplementary appendectomies. Clinical and medicolegal aspects]. PMID- 6534673 TI - [Leveen peritoneo-jugular shunt. Results of our own experience apropos of 35 cases]. PMID- 6534674 TI - [Sacroiliitis caused by common germs. Apropos of 2 cases]. PMID- 6534675 TI - [Chylothorax caused by a thrombosis of the left subclavian vein]. PMID- 6534676 TI - [Hemorrhage from Wirsung's duct caused by the rupture of a huge atheromatous aneurysm of the hepatic artery]. PMID- 6534677 TI - [Generalized peritonitis caused by perforation of a sigmoid diverticulitis. Retrospective study of 37 cases]. PMID- 6534678 TI - [Stercoral peritonitis caused by sigmoid diverticula. Apropos of 29 cases]. PMID- 6534679 TI - [Peritonitis caused by sigmoid diverticula. Initial therapeutic attitude]. PMID- 6534681 TI - [Reoperation for hiatal hernia and cardio-antral malformation]. PMID- 6534680 TI - [Peritonitis caused by colonic perforation. Review of 34 cases observed during the last 4 years]. PMID- 6534682 TI - [Postoperative jejunal peptic ulcer. A series of 50 cases]. PMID- 6534683 TI - [Traumatic hemobilia. 8 cases]. PMID- 6534685 TI - [Digestive complications of cardiac surgery with extracorporeal circulation]. PMID- 6534684 TI - [Severe multiple vascular injuries of the limbs. 96 cases]. PMID- 6534686 TI - [Gallbladder cancer in its early stages: current aspects of diagnosis, prognosis and treatment. Apropos of 30 cases]. PMID- 6534687 TI - [Retroperitoneal cysts. Apropos of 50 cases]. PMID- 6534688 TI - [Is it possible to reduce the occurrence of wound infections in abdominal surgery?]. PMID- 6534689 TI - [Indications and operative strategy in acute ulcer hemorrhage]. PMID- 6534690 TI - [Plea for the primary microsurgical repair of peripheral nerve lesions. A comparative study of 150 injuries of the median or the ulnar nerve with a follow up of more than 2 years]. PMID- 6534691 TI - [Injury of the kidney and its pedicle]. PMID- 6534692 TI - [Surgical decompression of leprous neuritis]. PMID- 6534693 TI - [Acute generalized peritonitis caused by diverticular sigmoiditis]. PMID- 6534694 TI - [Colonic perforations into the free peritoneum. Apropos of 58 cases]. PMID- 6534695 TI - [Surgical treatment of mediastinal tumors]. PMID- 6534696 TI - [Diagnosis and differential diagnosis of primary mediastinal tumors and cysts]. PMID- 6534697 TI - [Diagnosis and surgical treatment of cervico-mediastinal and mediastinal cystic lymphangioma]. PMID- 6534698 TI - [Pericardial cysts and primary tumors]. PMID- 6534699 TI - [Teratoma and dermoid cyst of the mediastinum: radiologic diagnosis]. PMID- 6534700 TI - [The choice of operative approach for anterior mediastinal tumors]. PMID- 6534701 TI - [Experimental study on intra-tissue pressure, PO2 and degeneration in free-muscle transplantation]. PMID- 6534702 TI - [Animal model of lower limb lymphedema and measurement of lymphatic and venous pressures]. PMID- 6534703 TI - [Improved highly selective vagotomy: clinical results of 100 cases]. PMID- 6534704 TI - [Preliminary results of highly selective vagotomy in the treatment of duodenal ulcer]. PMID- 6534705 TI - [Primary carcinoma of the gallbladder]. PMID- 6534706 TI - [Fat necrosis of the breast: report of 13 cases]. PMID- 6534708 TI - [Operative approach in modified mastectomy]. PMID- 6534707 TI - [Tuberculosis of the breast]. PMID- 6534709 TI - [Diazepam in the treatment of tetanus: report of 31 cases]. PMID- 6534710 TI - [Posterior spinal fusion in idiopathic scoliosis]. PMID- 6534711 TI - [Measurement of the lumbar bony canal and spinal stenosis]. PMID- 6534712 TI - [Free composite tissue transplantation in injuries of the extremities]. PMID- 6534713 TI - [Advances in general surgery (1978-1983)]. PMID- 6534714 TI - [Observation of the lymphocyte electrophoretic mobility (LEM) test in tumor bearing mice]. PMID- 6534715 TI - [Growth and invasiveness of a human esophageal carcinoma cell line (ECA 109) in nude mice]. PMID- 6534716 TI - [Ultrastructural study of intestinal metaplasia and its relation to the histogenesis of "intestine-type" gastric carcinoma]. PMID- 6534717 TI - [Relation of intestinal metaplasia of gastric mucosa to gastric carcinoma--light microscope, histochemical mucin stain and electron microscope]. PMID- 6534718 TI - [Histologic findings and clinical significance of the stromal reaction in colo rectal carcinoma]. PMID- 6534719 TI - [The improved clinico-pathological staging system of carcinoma of the large intestine--the features and practical significance]. PMID- 6534720 TI - [Misdiagnosis in the endoscopic examination of early gastric cancer]. PMID- 6534721 TI - [Computer study of the pathologic prognostic factors of gastric cancer--stepwise regressive multifactorial analysis]. PMID- 6534722 TI - [Fatal esophagogastric-aortic fistula following resection of carcinoma of the esophagus--a report of 10 cases]. PMID- 6534723 TI - [Clinical phase II trial of a new antineoplastic drug, glyciphosphoramide (GPM)]. PMID- 6534724 TI - [Radiotherapy of giant cell tumors of the sacrum]. PMID- 6534725 TI - [Sacrococcygeal teratoma--a report of 23 cases]. PMID- 6534726 TI - [Secondary tumor of the heart--clinico-pathologic analysis of 42 cases]. PMID- 6534727 TI - [The lymphocyte hybridoma technic]. PMID- 6534728 TI - [Clinical radiotherapy dosage. III. Radiotherapy technic]. PMID- 6534729 TI - Structure-activity relationships for screening organic chemicals for potential ecotoxicity effects. PMID- 6534730 TI - Cross-reaction patterns in guinea pigs sensitized to acrylic monomers. AB - The cross-reaction patterns of selected acrylate and methacrylate esters were investigated using the guinea pig maximization test. Methacrylates were less potent sensitizers than acrylates. Cross-sensitization was found between (meth)acrylates with closely related core structures, most extensively between hydroxyethyl and hydroxypropyl congeners. The importance of considering not only the functional group but also the core structure when assessing potential interactions was emphasized as butanedioldiglycidylether, hexamethylenediisocyanate and hexanedioldiacrylate--all with linear 6-atom cores and different functional group--cross-reacted. PMID- 6534731 TI - Alteration of convulsive threshold and conditioned avoidance response in mice fed diets containing contraceptive steroids. AB - Female CD1 mice given the contraceptive steroids mestranol and norethynodrel (1:10) in the diet (0.0033%) for 4 months had a growth reduction of 20% when compared with mice fed a normal diet, and had lower convulsive thresholds when tested with the vitamin B6 antagonists 2,4-dimethyl-5-methyl-hydroxypyrimidine and thiosemicarbazide. In conditioned avoidance response (CAR) tests, mice fed the steroid-containing diets showed a decreased acquisition performance during all six sessions; however, mice fed the same diet supplemented with vitamin B6 (0.04%) performed as well during the last three sessions of the CAR tests as mice fed the normal diet. PMID- 6534732 TI - Subchronic inhalation toxicity of dimethylformamide in rats and mice. AB - Fisher F344 rats and B6C3F1 mice were exposed to concentrations of 0, 150, 300, 600 and 1200 ppm of dimethylformamide (DMF) for 6 hours a day, 5 days a week for 12 weeks. Detailed clinical observations were obtained weekly and body weights biweekly on all animals. Clinical chemistry and hematology evaluations were made on all rats and approximately half the mice at terminal sacrifice. Gross necropsy examinations were made on all animals. Histopathologic evaluations were conducted on selected tissues of animals of both species at all dose levels. Few overt signs of toxicity were seen in either rats or mice. There was a dose related depression in body weight gain in rats that was significant at the 1200 ppm level from the second week of study onwards. A total of 11 mice died or were sacrificed moribund during the study, 8 from the high dose and 2 from the 600 ppm dose level. Both clinical chemistry (in rats only) and gross necropsy observations, and histopathology of tissues indicate the possibility that liver may be the target in specific organ toxicity. The no-effect DMF dose was below the 150 ppm level for both rats and mice and the maximum tolerated dose was below the 600 ppm level. PMID- 6534733 TI - Evaluation of the toxicity and carcinogenicity of hair dyes in Swiss mice. AB - The chronic toxicologic and carcinogenic potential of two oxidative and twelve non-oxidative hair dyes has been evaluated. The dyes were skin painted up to 3 times weekly on groups of 60 male and 60 female Eppley Swiss mice. Treatments were carried out for 20 months followed by terminal sacrifice. Nine months after treatments were initiated an intermediate sacrifice of ten mice per sex per group was carried out. Body weights and survival differed little between appropriate male and female treatment and control groups. Differences between treated and control groups in absolute and relative liver and kidney weights and in hematological and urinary values were not considered to be indicative of toxicologic effects. Microscopic examinations of the skin revealed occasional hyperplasia, necrosis, ulceration and other lesions not significantly increased by dye treatment. Chronic inflammation of the skin was observed in the control and treated mice and was significantly increased by one non-oxidative dye. The predominant tumors diagnosed were liver hemangioma, lung adenoma and malignant lymphoma. There was a statistically significant increase in the incidence of malignant lymphoma in female mice in 3 treated groups when compared to control group 2, but the differences were not significant when these groups were compared to control group 1. In addition the values in these 3 groups were within the range of control values for this tumor in female mice in the Eppley colony. No other tumors occurred at significantly increased frequencies in treated mice. We conclude that toxicological and carcinogenic effects were not clearly induced by the hair dye formulations. PMID- 6534734 TI - Effect of aging on liver glutathione levels and hepatocellular injury from carbon tetrachloride, allyl alcohol or galactosamine. AB - Severity of liver damage 24 hr after i.p. administration of carbon tetrachloride (0.2 ml/kg), allyl alcohol (0.036 ml/kg) or galactosamine (400 mg/kg) was evaluated in male rats at 4-5, 14-15 or 24-25 months of age. Allyl alcohol hepatotoxicity, as judged by light microscopy and serum alanine aminotransferase levels, increased markedly as a function of age. In contrast, carbon tetrachloride and galactosamine toxicities were unchanged or slightly diminished in old rats. Hepatic glutathione (GSH) concentrations were unaffected by aging; thus, the age-dependent increase in susceptibility to allyl alcohol toxicity was not a result of diminished GSH availability in old age. Hepatotoxicant-induced changes in GSH were observed in allyl alcohol-treated old rats (20% increase) and in galactosamine-treated young-adult and middle-aged rats (30% decrease). PMID- 6534736 TI - Symposium on environmental emergencies. PMID- 6534735 TI - Protection against both lethal and behavioral effects of soman. AB - This work developed two drug mixtures which alone had no effect on performance of a criterion behavior but when given as a pretreatment would protect against organophosphate-induced lethality and incapacitation. Candidate drugs (alone and together) were given to rats trained to respond on a two-component Fixed Ratio 10 - Extinction (FR10-EXT) schedule. After generating dose response curves for each cholinolytic drug, mixtures of atropine (A) + mecamylamine (M) + pyridostigmine (Py) or physostigmine (Ph) were prepared and a combination of doses that produced no effects on operant performance was determined (Mix I:A = .78, M = .78, Py = .056 mg/kg; Mix II:A = .78, M = .78, Ph = .026 mg/kg). Both pretreatment mixtures provided equivalent protection against the lethal effects of the organophosphate soman; however only Mix II was capable of reversing soman-induced physical incapacitation (PI) as assessed by performance on an accelerating rotarod or FR10 responding. Pretreatment of animals with Mix II resulted in significantly higher levels of brain acetylcholinesterase (AChE) than Mix I pretreated subjects 4 hrs after 1.3 LD50 soman, although peripheral AChE levels were not different. The results indicate organophosphate-induced PI can be attenuated by pretreatment with tertiary carbamates which protect significant amounts of brain AChE from irreversible inhibition. PMID- 6534737 TI - Environmental and drug-induced hyperthermia. Pathophysiology, recognition, and management. AB - Environmental heat illness may affect the aged and infirm as well as the athletic. In addition, intoxication with a variety of drugs and toxins can produce hyperthermia, which may be indistinguishable from environmental heat illness. This article reviews current concepts of the pathophysiology, recognition, and management of environmental and drug-induced hyperthermia. PMID- 6534738 TI - Hypothermia and frostbite. AB - Cold injuries, hypothermia, and frostbite are discussed, including the pathophysiology, clinical presentation, and modern management. PMID- 6534739 TI - Electrical and lightning injuries. AB - The pathophysiology, types, and treatment of electrical and lightning injuries are discussed in detail. Cases of electrical injury almost always eventually involve litigation. Therefore, careful charting of history and physical findings may save the physician court time later. Care of lightning injuries is very different from that of high voltage injuries. PMID- 6534740 TI - Altitude illness. AB - Altitude illness is a group of synergistic physiologic disturbances, each of which may occur alone but which more commonly occur together, with one dominating the clinical picture. Treated promptly, altitude illness is readily reversible with full recovery; procrastination may lead to death or disability. Descent should be the first thought in treatment and should not be delayed. PMID- 6534741 TI - Diving medicine. AB - This discussion focuses on the several pressure-related syndromes that are peculiar to diving and that are collectively known as dysbarism. These include barotrauma of descent, barotrauma of ascent, and air embolism. Also considered are nitrogen narcosis and decompression sickness. PMID- 6534742 TI - Bites of venomous reptiles. AB - Bites by venomous reptiles are statistically of minor importance in North America, especially as regards medically significant envenomations. However, they may assume a greater relative incidence in warmer regions and always manage to generate public and professional interest wherever they occur. Unproved and potentially hazardous first-aid and institutional therapies must be subjected to scrutiny in the future. Current research in the area of more specific and less reactive antivenin products is encouraging, and it appears that a consensus approach to the care of the bitten patient is emerging. Physicians are encouraged to consult with regional poison control centers in the care of these patients unless they are well experienced in this unique and complicated area. PMID- 6534743 TI - Arthropod envenomations. AB - Millions of arthropods surround us every day, but only a few are medically harmful. Knowledge of the habits and habitats of known venomous arthropods is certainly advisable for the prudent person in areas of known infestation as a preventive measure. Arthropod envenomations probably produce much less mortality than previously thought, but the potential for severe effects of direct envenomation or allergic response exists with some species, and these events must be approached as true medical emergencies. PMID- 6534744 TI - Management of trauma in the wilderness environment. AB - Wilderness trauma consists of common injuries diagnosed and treated in the least desirable environment. Improvisation is a key factor in wilderness medicine. The article discusses management of fractures; dislocations; and trauma to the head, neck, spine, abdomen, and chest. The physician accompanying an expedition should plan in advance for the management of acute traumatic injuries. PMID- 6534745 TI - Toxic inhalations. AB - The author discusses the sources of exposure to toxic gases and fumes, particular toxic agents and their pathophysiology, and the management of toxic inhalation accidents. PMID- 6534746 TI - Management of irradiated and contaminated casualty victims. AB - This article attempts to put into perspective the serious concerns regarding a radiation accident and to provide guidelines for the management of casualties arising from a radiation accident. It is intended primarily for the medical facility that does not have a specific requirement for a radiation accident treatment capability but wishes to be prepared should it be called upon to respond. A review of radiation effects is provided as well as guidelines for the management of irradiated or contaminated casualties. Psychological, public relations, and training concerns are also addressed. PMID- 6534747 TI - EMS response to mass casualties. AB - Of the three phases of disaster response, the primary phase (immediate postincident to six hours thereafter) represents the core of the EMS-augmented response to save lives. Activities during this phase include triage, victim control and stabilization, communications, and transportation. To cope successfully with the mass casualties of an actual disaster, special emergency forces must be trained (and rehearsed) to act together as a team to treat the critically ill and injured. PMID- 6534748 TI - Serum sickness complicating intravenous streptokinase therapy in acute myocardial infarction. AB - A case of delayed serum sickness with transient renal impairment is described in a patient who received early high dose intravenous streptokinase following acute myocardial infarction. Review of the literature suggests that serum sickness after streptokinase may occur independently of the dose or route of administration, and could potentially complicate intracoronary streptokinase therapy. PMID- 6534749 TI - Ischaemia related ventricular arrhythmias in patients with variant angina pectoris. AB - Twenty-three patients with variant angina were studied by Holter monitoring both to assess the incidence of serious ventricular arrhythmias (a risk factor of sudden death in variant angina), during ischaemic episodes and to examine the time-relation of the arrhythmias to ST changes. Serious ventricular arrhythmias were observed in 12/23 patients (52%). In the 23 patients, a total of 491 episodes of ST segment elevation were recorded during 954 h of Holter monitoring; serious ventricular arrhythmias were found in only 46 ischaemic episodes (9.4%). Six out of 12 patients showed serious ventricular arrhythmias at the onset of ischaemic episodes or during maximal ST elevation (phase 1), one patient during return or immediately after return of ST to baseline (phase 2) and five patients during both phases. Thirty-three out of 46 ischaemic episodes (76%) showed serious ventricular arrhythmias during phase 1, eight (17%) during phase 2, and five (11%) during both phases. Serious ventricular arrhythmias were neither related to previous myocardial infarction nor to the presence of serious ventricular arrhythmias during inter-crisis periods, whereas a good relationship with severity of ischaemic episodes, as assessed by the magnitude and duration of ST elevation, was found. A modest relationship with anterior ST elevation was also found. IN CONCLUSION: (1) serious ventricular arrhythmias occur in a high percentage of variant angina patients, but in only a small proportion of ischaemic episodes; (2) serious ventricular arrhythmias are related to the severity of ischaemia and occur predominantly at the onset of ischaemic episodes and/or during maximal ST elevation; in only a few cases do they occur during resolution of ischaemic episodes. PMID- 6534750 TI - Changes in cardiac function after effective treatment of hypertensive emergencies with i.v. clonidine. AB - Clonidine administration by i.v. infusion in 12 patients with hypertension emergencies (diastolic blood pressure over 130 mmHg) resulted in the normalization of blood pressure (BP) in all patients. Lowering of BP was associated with a reduction in total and lower limb vascular resistance. Heart rate showed a slight and brief decrease. Cardiac performance (determined by radionuclide angiocardiography) was improved as indicated by the significant increase of ejection fraction and decrease of both end-diastolic and end-systolic volumes. The dosage of clonidine was progressively increased until a normal BP (mean BP less than or equal to 105 mmHg) was obtained. In all patients a normal BP was achieved and in none was an initial hypertension effect observed. The total mean dose required for control of BP was 382.5 +/- 98.3 micrograms, administered over a mean period of 26.5 +/- 4.6 min. Side-effects, represented by dry mouth and drowsiness, were well tolerated and of short duration. It is concluded that clonidine is an effective and safe alternative in the treatment of hypertensive emergencies. PMID- 6534751 TI - Delayed ventricular depolarization--correlation with ventricular activation and relevance to ventricular fibrillation in acute myocardial infarction. AB - Signal averaging to detect abnormalities in the terminal phase of ventricular depolarization has been performed in several groups of patients with various manifestations of ischaemic heart disease. Late potentials were common in patients with VT and in a group of patients having cardiac surgery. Findings in the surgical group highlighted the close correlation of late potentials with delayed, fragmented epicardial activation supporting the hypothesis that late potentials reflect a myocardial substrate which would support re-entrant VT. The findings in the surgical group allowed a definition of late potentials which could be applied to other patients in the study, and also demonstrated a spectrum of late depolarization abnormalities. Signal averaging is technically feasible in the noisy CCU environment but late potentials were detected in few patients early in AMI. Late potentials were also rarely seen in patients with VF and therefore cannot be construed as a predictive index of this arrhythmia. PMID- 6534752 TI - Steps towards the development of a safe and effective tachycardia terminating pacemaker. AB - Permanent pacemakers have been used for the treatment of tachycardias. Four studies have been performed to improve termination algorithms. Permanent extrastimulus pacing was assessed in 19 patients. During follow up of 13 to 36 (mean 27) months, 7 also required additional antiarrhythmic drugs. Pacing was effective in all, but there was one unexplained sudden death. Autodecremental (rate-increasing) atrial pacing was used in 20 patients with junctional arrhythmias. It was effective in all, especially with a burst duration of 5000 ms, and caused no acceleration of tachycardia. In contrast, constant rate overdrive pacing produced atrial flutter or fibrillation in 4 patients. Concertina pacing (up to 7 stimuli) was tried, and was effective, in 19 patients. In three patients, using one or two stimuli of short coupling intervals, atrial arrhythmias were induced. As the number of stimuli were increased, longer pacing cycle lengths became effective. The effect of reset has been suggested as a useful method of searching for the termination zone. Ventricular pacing reliably caused reset, but atrial pacing produced inconsistent results. These studies show that adaptive, limited burst pacing modes are most effective methods, but reset is not useful in the right atrium. PMID- 6534754 TI - Defining health and health care--a practical perspective. PMID- 6534753 TI - Exploring the future of hospitals: definition study reviewed. PMID- 6534755 TI - Equipment planning and purchasing: computers lighten load. PMID- 6534756 TI - Radiology under fire: limiting x-ray use. PMID- 6534758 TI - Primary nursing or total patient care? PMID- 6534757 TI - Foothills Hospital expands nurse manager role. PMID- 6534759 TI - CHA proposes national hospital of the future forum. PMID- 6534760 TI - Chronic pulmonary thromboembolism. AB - Recurrent pulmonary embolism sometimes (3% of hospital autopsies) determines a progressive obstruction of the pulmonary vascular bed, which in turn causes pulmonary arterial hypertension and in time right ventricular hypertrophy and failure. The first stages of this process are characterized by slight pulmonary arterial hypertension at rest and by few and deceiving symptoms which make the diagnosis very difficult. Regarding anatomy, in most cases recurrent thromboembolism obstructs one of the main branches of the pulmonary artery. At the beginning pulmonary embolism usually manifests itself in a spontaneous and atypical manner: paroxysmal dyspnea, tachycardia, lateral chest pain, mild hemoptysis and recurrent fever. The clinical signs of peripheral thrombophlebitis are not very frequent. The chest roentgenogram supplies diagnostic information in 20% of cases, the electrocardiogram in 10%. Very important is the contribution of the analysis of arterial blood gases: hyperventilation, moderate hypoxia associated with shunting, hypocapnia with a widened difference between alveolar and arterial CO2. Pulmonary perfusion scintiphotography shows vast unperfused areas, different to the "plexogenic" appearance in primitive pulmonary arterial hypertension, in about 50% of cases. Pulmonary angiography discloses the exact site and extension of the obstruction in 80-90% of cases. On catheterization pulmonary arterial hypertension results to be inconstant and may appear only during stress. Regarding the evolution of pulmonary embolism, the forms associated with pulmonary arterial hypertension may last several years, although recurrent embolism may shorten its course. When the stage of right ventricular hypertrophy is reached, the evolution is generally rapid (from 1 to 4 years).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6534762 TI - Pulmonary embolism: the dimensions of the problem. PMID- 6534763 TI - Mechanism of pulmonary arterial hypertension. AB - Pulmonary circulation in the adult is a low pressure, low resistance system. Among the factors able to influence pulmonary arterial pressure the most important are hydrostatic pressure, intraalveolar pressure, left atrial pressure and alveolar gases, whilst the role of vasomotor tone is relatively limited. Granted that various hypertensive mechanisms can work jointly, the main forms of pulmonary arterial hypertension are the "passive" or "postcapillary" variety characterized by an elevated wedge pressure and the "precapillary" variety associated with a normal wedge pressure. The "precapillary" variety may be subdivided into hypertension due to increased blood flow, "obstructive" hypertension (e.g. thromboembolism), reactive hypertension (due to alveolar hypoxia) and hypertension transmitted from the bronchial circulation (bronchiectases?). In chronic lung disease pulmonary arterial hypertension is partly fixed and partly reversible. PMID- 6534761 TI - Usefulness of xerotomography in the diagnosis of acute pulmonary embolism. AB - The Authors report their experience in the study of pulmonary embolism by xerotomography. The use of tomography for the study of pulmonary vascularization is well known, but this method is by far less frequently used than pulmonary angiography and pulmonary perfusion and ventilation scintigraphy. The enhancement of contrasts and contours and the ample area of exposure are the features which render the images obtained by xerotomography similar to those achieved by pulmonary angiography. Our experience up to the present time allows us to state that xerotomography may represent a valid diagnostic means in cases of acute pulmonary embolism, when scintigraphy is not feasible or following scintigraphy, when doubts regarding the clinical diagnosis still remain. PMID- 6534764 TI - Evolution of pulmonary hypertension in chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases. AB - The prognostic value of the presence and degree of pulmonary arterial hypertension in chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases has been well established, but the natural history of the course of pulmonary artery mean pressure was relatively obscure until recent years. The first studies showed a modest increase in pulmonary artery mean pressure after an average delay of 3-5 years. More recently, studying a group of 35 patients with chronic bronchitis, most of them exhibiting pulmonary arterial hypertension followed-up for a mean period of 3 years, Schrijen et al. did not observe a significant change in pulmonary artery mean pressure in patients with or without initial pulmonary arterial hypertension; a marked decrease in systemic arterial pressure occurred in one third of the patients. In 1979 studying a series of 85 chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases patients, we noticed that pulmonary artery mean pressure slightly increased in patients with or without initial pulmonary arterial hypertension, but the average increase, after five years, for the group taken as a whole was only 0.6 mmHg/year. When putting together the data of Boushy and North, Schrijen et al. and Weitzenblum et al. which concern a relatively homogeneous group of 163 patients with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases, it appears that changes in pulmonary artery mean pressure, after an average follow-up period of 4 years, were rather small, from 21.4 to 23.6 mmHg (0.5-0.6 mmHg/year). These results have been confirmed by a very recent study of our group concerning 93 chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases with patients followed-up for 5-12 years (mean = 90 months). PMID- 6534765 TI - The prognosis and development of pulmonary hypertension in idiopathic diffuse interstitial lung fibrosis. AB - The prognosis of patients with idiopathic diffuse interstitial lung fibrosis is extremely variable and depends mainly on the presence and degree of pulmonary arterial hypertension. The incidence of pulmonary arterial hypertension in idiopathic diffuse interstitial lung fibrosis is not exactly known. We concluded from our study that in nonselected symptomatic patients about 50% have normal pulmonary arterial pressure and that advanced pulmonary arterial hypertension (over 30 mmHg) is present in about 10% of cases. The development of pulmonary arterial hypertension in idiopathic diffuse interstitial lung fibrosis, though generally slow, is very different in individual cases. We noted fast development of advanced pulmonary arterial hypertension within 2-3 years as well as stabilized normal pressure for 20 years or more. Further behaviour of pulmonary arterial pressure may not be safely predicted from any value in a first functional examination except in patients with initial advanced pulmonary arterial hypertension; they all either maintain or even increase their pulmonary arterial pressure and their 3-year mortality is over 50%. It is concluded that the knowledge of haemodynamic data not only improves our understanding of idiopathic diffuse interstitial lung fibrosis, but also enables us to determine the prognosis with a fair amount of accuracy. PMID- 6534767 TI - Evaluation problems of a long-term study on evolving pulmonary arterial hypertension in chronic non specific lung disease. AB - After having collected a sufficient number of standardized data checked for reliability from patients with chronic non specific lung disease, the following subgroups of pulmonary arterial mean pressure were defined: A = PAP less than 2.7 kPa [= 20 mmHg]; B = 2.7 less than PAP less than 4 kPa; C = PAP greater than 4 kPa [= 30 mmHg]. Within these subgroups a diagnostic classification was also carried out: chronic obstructive lung disease, thrombo-embolic lung disease, diffuse interstitial lung disease. The aims of data processing were: clustering correctly individual cases in one of the I-II-III subgroups based on non-invasive variables only; To define equations predictive of quantitative values of pulmonary arterial mean pressure from non-invasive data; To find regularity of evolution of elevated pulmonary arterial mean pressure in chronic non specific lung disease and detect risk factors and/or beneficial interventions if such exist at all. Two different statistical methods were applied: conditional probability (Bayes theorem) and discriminant analysis. The predictive power of each depends mainly on the seriousness of signs and symptoms denoted by the medical user. Three probability-functions have been defined between severity of single variables and their specificity, sensitivity and probability of pulmonary hypertension. By application of these functions the user can select different quantitative values of variables which determine the proportion of false/true, positive/negative cases. After having chosen the desired values of these proportions, multivariate equations are defined by stepwise regression analysis optimized for predictive power.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6534766 TI - Non-invasive measurement of pulmonary arterial pressure in patients with chronic lung disease. AB - Although it is relatively simple to measure pulmonary arterial pressure directly, using a cardiac catheter, the procedure is invasive and carries a very small, but definite risk. This is still the method of choice for most purposes, but is not suitable when it is required to make repeated measurements, as, for instance, when studying the natural history or response to treatment, nor for studies in populations designed to ascertain the prevalence of pulmonary arterial hypertension. Here a non-invasive procedure is needed which should be capable of predicting pulmonary arterial pressure with a high degree of certainty. It should be safe, inexpensive in terms of money and time, and it should not duplicate the information provided by another test. Of the methods currently under trial none are entirely satisfactory. Measurement of the dimensions of the pulmonary artery taken from a radiograph are correlated with pulmonary arterial pressure. The diameter of the descending branch of the right pulmonary artery seems the best measurement to make; but still there is a large variation. Similarly the electrocardiogram, whichever measurements are used, does not predict pulmonary arterial pressure with sufficient accuracy for practical use and the vectorcardiogram offers no improvement in this respect. Echocardiographic recording of movements of the pulmonary valve, and of the dimensions of the right ventricle is possible, but only with much difficulty in patients with chronic obstructive lung disease because of the hyperinflated lungs.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6534768 TI - Is it possible to predict pulmonary arterial hypertension from an exercise test? AB - In patients with chronic lung disease, the response to exercise can be impaired by ventilatory and/or circulatory disturbances. The response to a standard exercise varies according to the load in relation to the maximum load the subject can tolerate. Thus it seems more suitable to study the maximum tolerated, i.e. maximum workload expressed as VO2 max. We compared the results of VO2 max and pulmonary haemodynamic variables in 43 patients with chronic bronchitis. VO2 max ranged from 0.720 to 3.010 l/min. The relation between VO2 max and pulmonary artery pressure at rest or its increase with low level exercise was very poor, but there was a trend towards an increase in pulmonary vascular resistance in patients with low VO2 max, although a number of patients with low VO2 max had normal pulmonary vascular resistance. The ratio between heart rate at maximum workload and maximum heart rate according to age (heart rate obs/pred) was above 95% in the patients with pulmonary vascular resistance above 250 dyn.s. cm-5; it varied widely in the patients with normal or slightly elevated pulmonary vascular resistance. When VO2 max was below normal, and heart rate obs/pred low, it is probable that the decrease in VO2 max was due to ventilation impairment, or to a lack of cooperation. Oxygen pulse at VO2 max was also reduced in patients with high pulmonary vascular resistance, but a large range of values was observed in the rest of the patients. A high oxygen pulse at VO2 max however allows to rule out severe pulmonary artery hypertension.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6534769 TI - The diagnosis of pulmonary embolism. AB - Pulmonary embolism is poorly diagnosed and therefore not treated in patients with chronic diseases, whereas it is overdiagnosed in formerly healthy patients. The diagnostic level is not satisfactory even in departments of cardiology. Insufficient use of auxiliary laboratory tests constitutes one of the main reasons for the unsatisfactory state of pulmonary embolism diagnostics. The clinical picture of pulmonary embolism depends on a) the size of pulmonary embolism, b) the previous state of the cardiopulmonary system. A massive pulmonary embolism can lead to a) sudden death, b) shock, c) acute cor pulmonale. The most typical diagnostic sign is suddenly developed or deteriorated dyspnea (present in 94% of patients). The presence of venous thrombosis and the appearance of sudden dyspnea always support the diagnosis very strongly. Dyspnea or tachypnea occur in more than 90% of patients. Dyspnea, tachypnea or deep venous thrombosis occur in 99% of patients with acute pulmonary embolism. Electrocardiographic signs of acute pulmonary embolism were present in 67% of our patients with hemodynamically significant pulmonary embolism. Electrocardiographic signs are most marked in cases in which pulmonary embolism originates suddenly, in patients with a normal cardiopulmonary system, if the pulmonary embolism is extensive and the electrocardiogram is carried out early and repeatedly. The electrocardiographic signs of pulmonary embolism in cardiac patients, however, are not specific and only rarely present. The principal advantages of the chest X-ray are simplicity, safety and low costs. A negative chest X-ray was found only in 16.6% of our patients with pulmonary embolism.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6534770 TI - Pharmacological control of platelet-vessel wall interactions in patients with chronic obstructive airway disease. AB - In the last few years great interest has been devoted to the role of platelet activation in the haemodynamic and thrombotic complications which frequently occur in patients with chronic obstructive airway disease. Several recent studies have shown, in fact, a number of alterations of platelet function in this pathological condition, such as an increased betathromboglobulin level and higher levels of malondialdehyde after collagen and thrombin platelet stimulation compared to age and sex matched control subjects. Our study indicates that the platelet regeneration time is shortened in patients with chronic obstructive airway disease in respect to that of controls (p less than 0.001). The administration of dipyridamole (425 mg/die) resulted in a significant prolongation of the platelet regeneration time in these patients indicating that the drug was effective in reducing the increased platelet turnover. PMID- 6534771 TI - Effects of theophylline-ethylendiamine on chronic pulmonary arterial hypertension secondary to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. AB - The use of theophylline in the treatment of chronic lung disease is wide spread thanks to the positive effects on the bronchial tree, on ventilation and on diaphragmatic contractile activity, which are well documented. On the other hand, the cardiovascular effects of this drug have not been studied much, particularly the effects on the hemodynamics of the pulmonary circulation. The latest studies were carried out by Parker (1966 and 1967) and by Jezek (1970) with heart catheterization and by Matthay (1978) with isotopic angiocardiography, but the problem has not been fully explored from the standpoint of pulmonary arterial hypertension. Therefore we are studying the effects of intravenous infusions of aminophylline in patients with chronic obstructive lung disease, trying to examine the effects of this drug on three different groups of patients: the 1st without pulmonary arterial hypertension; the 2nd with latent pulmonary arterial hypertension; the 3rd with evident pulmonary arterial hypertension. We consider pulmonary arterial hypertension as pulmonary arterial pressure greater than 20 mmHg at rest and pulmonary arterial pressure greater than 35 mmHg at the end of 8 min of exercise in the supine position, with 40 W load cycle ergometer. The experimental protocol includes the clinical and functional identification of subjects with chronic obstructive long disease, the performance of right heart catheterization and the cannulation of a peripheral artery, measuring all pressure levels, cardiac output, hemogasanalytic data and theophylline levels in steady state (20-30 min. after the end of invasive manoeuvres) at the 10th, 20th and 30th min after the end of an infusion of 10 mg/kg of aminophylline.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6534772 TI - Workplace pollution in two viscose plants. AB - The CS2 and H2S pollution was evaluated in two viscose plants: a sponge factory and a rayon spinning mill. Two kinds of sampling were used: background samples with the help of a laboratory van equipped with a Gas Phase Chromatograph and an Air Sampler allowing sequential workplace monitoring. personal samples. The results show the H2S pollution is not negligible and can even be equal to that with CS2 in some workshops (e.g. the spinning-room). The proposed methodology permits an accurate description of the pollution. PMID- 6534773 TI - Proposal for the "Antabuse test". AB - Author describes development of the "Antabuse test" as preemployment predictive test of susceptibility of workers to carbon disulfide. He reviews all publications of his group, as well as publications of other groups on this subject. In discussion the hypothesis explaining this phenomenon is presented. Also practical suggestions for performing "Antabuse test" are mentioned. PMID- 6534774 TI - The determination of urinary 2-thio-thiazolidine-4-carboxylic-acid (TTCA) as a test for exposure to carbon disulfide. AB - The TTCA-test and the iodine-azide test are both useful to estimate the degree of exposure to high atmospheric concentrations of carbon disulphide. There is a relation between the increase in TTCA concentration (mmol TTCA/mol creatinine) from the begin-of-workshift urine sample to the end-of-workshift urine sample and the exposure index E of the end-of-workshift urine sample. Also, a correlation was found between the TWA-exposure (in mg CS2 per m3 of air) and the TTCA concentration (mmol TTCA/ml urine) in the urine sample at the end of the exposure period. PMID- 6534775 TI - A charcoal sampling method and a colorimetric analytical procedure for carbon disulfide. Measurement data from a viscose rayon manufacturing plant. AB - A charcoal sampling method and a colorimetric analytical method for carbon disulfide were developed. The methods were validated at relevant concentration of CS2. Precision and accuracy were acceptable (23%-6% and 36%-1%) at 25-400 micrograms CS2 deposited on the solid sorbent. The methods were calibrated with charcoal tube sampling and GC-FPD analysis. Regression analysis was performed on duplicate samples and a correlation coefficient of 0.96 and a regression coefficient of 0.8 were obtained. Occupational hygiene measurements were performed in a rayon manufacturing plant. A great proportion of TWA concentrations exceeded the swedish TLV (16 mg/m3) at all sample sites. PMID- 6534776 TI - Study of ocular tissue changes, brain GABA and polyamine levels in rats exposed to carbon disulfide. AB - The authors observed Wistar rats exposed to the various concentrations of carbon disulphide. They studied as the histological tissue changes as brain GABA and polyamine levels. They found the identical tissue changes in the both exposed groups and changes in the control one. The level of spermine was increased for about 1103% in the brain of animals exposed to CS2 concentration of 2500 mg/m3 and 137% in exposure to 5000 mg/m3 of CS2, which differences were statistically significant in comparison with the control group. It suggests that CS2 was producing inhibition of enzyme system involved in the degradation of spermine. PMID- 6534777 TI - Monitoring of industrial exposure to dimethylformamide by analysis of alveolar air. AB - The occupational exposure to Dimethylformamide was studied by testing the environmental and alveolar air of 8 workers, at hourly intervals, during the workshift. The correlations between alveolar and environmental concentrations of Dimethylformamide turned out to be statistically significant at all the intervals studied, except at the 4th hour when the correlation was not significant. In six out of the eight workers studied, the correlation between alveolar and environmental concentrations was statistically significant. Only in two workers was the correlation not significant. On the basis of the slope of the regression line between all the data, the alveolar concentration of Dimethylformamide turned out to correspond to 27,8% of the environmental concentration. PMID- 6534778 TI - Dimethylformamide risk. An evaluation in the production of artificial organic leather. AB - This study aimed to evaluate the exposure to DMF during the different stages in the production of synthetic polyurethanic leathers. Environmental surveys and biological surveillances were carried out in order to classify the working areas and the tasks of the employees as regards DMF-risk. Design improvements to reduce, as far as possible, environmental pollution are discussed. PMID- 6534779 TI - Epidemiological study on workers exposed to low dimethylformamide concentrations. AB - Reviewing medical and epidemiological reports, no definite clinical picture could be expected as a result of a low DMF exposure and experimental research on long term toxicity has always demonstrated some adverse effects but has not been sufficient to define a no-effect level in animals. This study was designed to assess the specificity of symptoms and the relevance of adverse effects as consequence of an exposure to airborne DMF concentration in the range of the present TLV (30 mg/m3 - 10 ppm). For this purpose 100 DMF-exposed workers, with homogeneous characteristics, were compared with 100 matched controls. Both groups were selected by a careful pair-matching. Mean DMF exposure was 22 mg/m3 (range 8 58 mg/m3). Exposed subjects and their matched controls were evaluated clinically and a questionnaire was used for the registration and the comparison of subjective complaints. A laboratory assessment was performed, including transaminase and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase. Statistical analysis was based on McNemar Test procedure. The problem of dietary alcohol intake was particularly investigated. Among symptoms studied, headache, dyspepsia and digestive impairment of hepatic type could be specifically associated with chronic DMF exposure and increased levels of gamma-GT demonstrated minimal hepato-cellular damage, even without ethanol dietary intake. No chronic sickness was diagnosed and the disturbances observed are better considered as indicators of malaise and discomfort due to a toxic effect of DMF, whose consequences are discussed. PMID- 6534780 TI - Hepatic function in subjects exposed to environmental concentrations of DMF lower than the actually proposed TLV. AB - Hepatic function investigation in 54 workers, exposed to an airborne concentration of DMF lower than TLV in an acrylic fiber plant, has been carried out. The results suggest the probable absence of hepatic cytolysis phenomena for this degree of exposure. PMID- 6534781 TI - Occupational chemical exposures in artificial organic fiber industries. AB - This review discusses artificial organic fibers that are produced from materials of natural origin such as rayons, cellulose triacetates and proteins; or made from polymerised chemicals such as polyamides, polyesters, polyvinyls, modacrylics, carbon fibers, polyolefins, polyurethane and polytetrafluoroethylene. Chemicals involved include monomers, solvents, flame retardants, pigments and other additives. Occupational exposure to chemicals in the production stages are discussed and also the potential health hazards involved are reviewed. Current exposure levels, engineering controls and work practices for some of the chemicals used in the Ontario artificial fiber industry are discussed. Recommendations are made for areas that need further study and/or investigation. PMID- 6534782 TI - Proceedings of the VI International Symposium on Occupational Health in the Production of Artificial Organic Fibres. Mannheim (Federal Republic of Germany), September 12-15, 1983. PMID- 6534783 TI - Experimental pharmacokinetics and toxicology of acrylonitrile. AB - Pharmacokinetic experiments in rats and Rhesus monkeys show that inhaled acrylonitrile is nearly completely retained and metabolized. Metabolism, according to the literature, proceeds via direct reaction of acrylonitrile with biological sulfhydryl compounds and, to a much lesser extent, via glycidonitrile as a DNA-reactive oxidative metabolite. Clinical symptoms of acute acrylonitrile intoxication are in favour of an increased parasympathetic activity. This is confirmed by increased release of acetylcholine, in presence of acrylonitrile, from isolated chicken hearts of which the N. vagus is electrically stimulated. This explains an antidotal effect of atropine. The effectiveness of N-acetyl cysteine as an acrylonitrile antidote may be explained by decreased alkylation and inactivation of acetylcholine-esterase. PMID- 6534784 TI - Clinical toxicology of acrylonitrile. AB - Acrylonitrile monomer is used in the production of artificial fibres and resins. It has been used as a fumigant. Acrylonitrile has acute toxic effects for men and animals on over-exposure by inhalation of the vapor, dermal absorption of the liquid and oral intake. Symptoms in men are non-specific and predominantly related to the central nervous system, the respiratory tract, the skin and to the gastrointestinal tract. Severe acrylonitrile intoxication is followed by loss of consciousness, convulsions, respiratory arrest and death. The detailed investigation of a patient with complaints after chronic exposure demonstrates the necessity of objective neurophysiologic studies. Acrylonitrile has carcinogenic properties in animals. It is also embryotoxic and teratogenic. Epidemiological studies in men exposed to acrylonitrile are not convincing. There may be a slight excess of deaths from lung cancers and other malignant tumors. Effects of potential antidotes were studied in animal experiments. Rats were intoxicated with lethal doses of acrylonitrile by different routes of application. The cyanide antidotes 4-dimethylaminophenol plus thiosulfate showed some protective effect only after oral but not after i.p. or inhalational acrylonitrile administration. Of the sulfhydryl compounds cysteine, N-acetyl cysteine, cysteamine and diethyldithiocarbamate, the two antidotes cysteine and N acetylcysteine proved to be especially effective. From these experiments a tentative schedule of antidotal therapy for humans accidentally intoxicated with acrylonitrile is inferred, using N-acetylcysteine by analogy with the therapeutic regimen effective in cases of paracetamol poisoning. PMID- 6534785 TI - A review of health risks in acrylonitrile industry. AB - The Occupational Health Branch of the Ontario Ministry of Labour began a study in 1978 for the evaluation of health risks associated with acrylonitrile (AN) exposure. Detailed hygiene and medical investigations were conducted in fourteen plants for evaluating AN exposure in various industrial processes. For companies were also studied in relation to mixed chemical exposure representing acrylic fibres, nitrile rubber, ABS-resin, and acrylic emulsions production. The possible interaction between AN and other coexisting chemical exposures was reviewed since dimethyl formamide, styrene, and butadiene have similar pharmacokinetics and possible synergistic effects. Exposure in acrylic fibre production may be synergistic and carcinogenic. Results of air monitoring indicated exposure levels to AN below 2 ppm (TWA) in most cases. Exposure to other co-existing chemicals was evaluated. Results of medical tests indicated no significant abnormalities in chest x-rays or liver function tests in currently exposed workers. PMID- 6534786 TI - Exposure data in the viscose industry. Achilles'heel of carbon disulphide epidemiology? AB - A review of 94 papers including 32 mentioned in the TLV documentation, shows that measurement methodology was poorly described in many studies on exposure in the viscose industry. Stationary and personal monitoring of CS2 exposure in two viscose factories showed considerable variations according to site, time and job titles. Possible biases due to inadequate assessement of exposure in the study of dosis-effect relationship by epidemiologic methods is discussed. PMID- 6534787 TI - Gerontological education and innovations in training nutritionists-dietetic professionals for work with the elderly: a symposium. PMID- 6534788 TI - Educational needs of gerontological dietitians. PMID- 6534789 TI - Baccalaureate degree education for nutritionists/dietetic professionals working with the aging. PMID- 6534790 TI - An independent learning model for delivering dietetic associate degree and continuing education programs. PMID- 6534791 TI - Attitudes of students, educators and practitioners of medicine towards gerontologic/geriatric training. PMID- 6534792 TI - Toward professional manpower training for gerontological social work. PMID- 6534793 TI - The impact of a curriculum on aging on elementary school students. PMID- 6534794 TI - Gerontological instruction in entry-level physical therapy education. PMID- 6534795 TI - Participatory health seminars for nursing home residents: a model for multidisciplinary education. PMID- 6534796 TI - An interdisciplinary gerontology elective for allied health students. PMID- 6534797 TI - A critique of recommended subject matter for education of nutritionists dietitians working with the elderly. PMID- 6534798 TI - Influencing medical students' attitudes toward older adults: a curriculum proposal. PMID- 6534799 TI - Knowledge of aging in the medical profession. PMID- 6534800 TI - [Use of spironolactone in the treatment of women with polycystic ovary syndrome associated with hyperprolactinemia]. PMID- 6534801 TI - [Wedge resection of the ovaries]. PMID- 6534802 TI - [Effect of zinc on immunoproteins in women with uterine myomas]. PMID- 6534803 TI - [Serum uric acid levels in physiological pregnancy and in pregnancy complicated by EPH gestosis]. PMID- 6534804 TI - [Serum creatinine levels in physiological pregnancy and in pregnancy complicated by EPH gestosis]. PMID- 6534805 TI - [Plasma copper levels during the menstrual cycle]. PMID- 6534806 TI - [Therapeutic effects of diethylstilbestrol and spironolactone in polycystic ovary syndrome]. PMID- 6534807 TI - [Analysis of clinical symptoms of polycystic ovary syndrome]. PMID- 6534808 TI - Serum hormonal profile in women with congenital uterovaginal absence. PMID- 6534809 TI - [Usefulness of Gyno-Travogen in the cytological evaluation of vaginal smears in inflammatory conditions]. PMID- 6534810 TI - [Dangers and complications of tocolysis]. PMID- 6534811 TI - [Prenatal blood level of oxytocinase in the mother and the condition of the newborn infant]. PMID- 6534812 TI - [Effect of hormonal contraceptives on the incidence of mycotic vulvovaginitis]. PMID- 6534813 TI - [Variability of arterial vascularization of the uterus and ovary in various periods of a woman's life]. PMID- 6534814 TI - [Activity of enzymes of the methionine cycle in human placentas in various periods of pregnancy]. PMID- 6534815 TI - [Preliminary studies of chromium concentration in the myometrium in the third trimester of pregnancy, in chorionic tissue in the first trimester and in the blood of pregnant women]. PMID- 6534816 TI - [Termination of pregnancy or its prevention?]. PMID- 6534817 TI - [Mechanical ileus in the first stage of labor caused by strangulation of the small intestine]. PMID- 6534818 TI - Clinical significance of accelerated fibrinolysis in liver disease. AB - We compared site and severity of bleeding in 46 patients with cirrhosis of the liver and accelerated fibrinolysis (defined as a dilute whole-blood clot lysis time less than 2 h) to 44 patients with cirrhosis of the liver and normal fibrinolysis (dilute whole-blood clot lysis time greater than 4 h). Patients with accelerated fibrinolysis had a significantly higher incidence of severe soft tissue bleeding after trauma and a trend toward increased intracranial bleeding. Mucosal, postoperative, and gastrointestinal bleeding were equally frequent in the two groups. The median partial thromboplastin time was significantly longer, and the median bilirubin and fibrin/fibrinogen degradation product levels were significantly higher in the group with accelerated fibrinolysis, but median prothrombin time, platelet count, and levels of fibrinogen and serum albumin were comparable. The fibrinolytic inhibitor epsilon-aminocaproic acid successfully controlled bleeding in 4 of 6 cases used. Accelerated fibrinolysis may predispose patients with cirrhosis to soft-tissue and intracranial bleeding. PMID- 6534819 TI - Binding of low-molecular-weight heparin to aortic endothelium in rabbits. AB - The ability of a low-molecular-weight heparin to bind in vivo to the aortic endothelium in rabbits, compared with that of unfractionated extractive sodium heparin (UHEP), was investigated. For this purpose a low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWHEP) fraction (CY 216 A, 4,000-5,000 daltons) and an extractive UHEP (average 17,000 daltons) were labeled with 99m Tc and injected (0.2, 0.6, and 1.2 mg/kg) intravenously in groups of 6 rabbits. The binding to endothelium was then measured by counting the radioactivity of samples of abdominal aorta. Both heparins bound to endothelium with a fast, saturable, and reversible binding. No significant difference in the total bound radioactivity was found between the two heparins, suggesting that the investigated LMWHEP retains the ability to bind to the endothelium, contributing to its athrombogenic properties. PMID- 6534820 TI - Ultrasonic detection of platelet aggregation at variable shear rates. AB - We have observed that high-resolution ultrasonic imaging can be used to detect and measure the size and sedimentation of large human platelet aggregates formed in vitro. At progressively lower shear rates, individual platelet aggregates grew in cross-sectional area from the limit of ultrasonic detectability of less than 1 mm2 at moderate shear rates to an approximate mean area of 25 mm2 at zero shear. Platelet aggregates tended to sediment at mean shear rates higher than zero shear. At a shear rate of 5.5 s-1, 70% of platelet aggregates had settled, and at 1.6 s-1, 90% had settled to the dependent half of horizontal tubes in less than 15 s. Ultrasonic aggregometry of platelets may be a valuable technique for investigation of platelet dynamics under controlled flow conditions in vitro. PMID- 6534821 TI - Ploidy pattern of megakaryocytes in patients with metastatic tumors with and without paraneoplastic thrombosis and in controls. AB - In order to measure megakaryocyte DNA content in a greater number of well-defined patients, the use of bone marrow aspirates obtained postmortem is a basic requirement. We could show that the distinction between the ploidy classes in DNA histograms is possible until 18 h postmortem. Thus, bone marrow aspirates obtained up to 12 h after death can be expected to give reliable results. Megakaryocytes of the following patient groups were studied: 15 patients with metastatic tumors and paraneoplastic thrombosis, 15 patients with metastatic tumors without paraneoplastic thrombosis and 10 controls. A higher ploidy of the megakaryocytes was found in all 30 patients with metastatic tumors, independently of whether these patients suffer from thrombosis or not. Higher megakaryocyte ploidy, however, is correlated with a larger cytoplasmic mass of megakaryocytes, which leads to an increased platelet production. Besides an overcompensation for increased platelet consumption, a mitogenic or thrombopoietin-like factor produced by the tumor itself must be considered. PMID- 6534822 TI - Failure in oral treatment of hemophilia by Huang-lien-chieh-tu-tang (plant extract), one of the kanpo medicines. PMID- 6534823 TI - Polyamine induced suppression of erythropoiesis in uremia. AB - The effect of the polyamine spermine previously shown to suppress erythropoiesis in vitro was investigated in a long term animal experiment. Continuous application of spermine by intraperitoneally implanted microperfusion pumps caused a mild hypoproliferative microcytic anemia in normal rats. Furthermore, in 12 patients with advanced renal insufficiency spermine was shown to be markedly elevated. This, together with the results obtained in animal experiments, suggests that hypersperminemia is the reason for the impaired erythropoiesis in anemic uremic patients. PMID- 6534824 TI - Prostaglandin synthesis inhibitors in erythropoiesis. AB - PG synthesis inhibitors were used to study the role of PG in modulating Ep effects on erythroid progenitors. The stimulating effect of exogenous Ep on both 59Fe incorporation into RBC and CFU-E number in polycythaemic mice was inhibited with indomethacin and aspirin treatment during the posthypoxic period. The inhibitory effect of indomethacin on CFU-E derived colonies was demonstrated only when cultured bone marrow and spleen cells were obtained from mice stimulated by prolonged exposure to hypoxia. The results implicate the role of PG in the Ep dependent regulation of the erythroid progenitor cell compartment size and Ep responsiveness in vivo. PMID- 6534825 TI - The possible role of platelets in bypassing the contact phase of blood coagulation. AB - Data presented herein and previously support an active role for platelets in promoting the interaction and activation of the coagulation proteins of the contact phase of intrinsic coagulation. The platelet membrane, activated by ADP collagen or thrombin, can promote the proteolytic activation of factor XII to factor XIIa in the presence of kallikrein and high molecular weight kininogen. The zymogen factor XI associates with high molecular weight kininogen in plasma and becomes bound to a site on the membrane of thrombin or collagen activated platelets. Thereafter, platelet bound factor XI can be proteolytically activated to factor XIa either in the presence of factor XIIa or in the presence of kallikrein. These observations could explain the absence of bleeding complications in patients with factor XII deficiency. In addition, platelets contain a molecule which has a higher molecular weight than plasma factor XI and possibly consists of a tetramer of four identical subunits of 52000 daltons each of which is functionally and immunologically similar to plasma factor XI. Since this molecule is present in the platelets of patients with severe plasma factor XI deficiency and no evidence of bleeding, we postulate that platelet factor XI can substitute for plasma factor XI in hemostasis and possibly account for the considerable variability in clinical severity observed in patients with factor XI deficiency. PMID- 6534826 TI - Post-translational modifications of hemoglobin. AB - Post-translational modifications of hemoglobin can provide special insights into metabolic disorders. A variety of small molecules in health and disease can form covalent adducts with hemoglobin. The most abundant and best understood of these nonenzymatic modifications is the glycosylation of hemoglobin at the N-terminus of the beta chain (Hb AIc) as well as at the N-terminus of the alpha chain and at certain lysine residues. Glycosylated hemoglobins are elevated in diabetics and offer a useful way of monitoring diabetic control. Moreover, non-enzymatic glycosylation of other tissues may contribute significantly to the long term complications of diabetes. Additional minor hemoglobin components can be formed from other small reactive compounds. For example, cyanate, a breakdown product of urea, reacts with hemoglobin to form distinct minor components in red cells of uremic patients. Acetaldehyde can form hemoglobin adducts in red cells of alcoholics. Thus, hemoglobin can be viewed as a "reporter molecule", revealing metabolic perturbations in a variety of diseases. PMID- 6534827 TI - The role of transferrin in lymphocyte transformation. AB - The ability of mouse lymphocytes to transform in a serum-free medium in response to Concanavalin A was found to depend upon the presence of transferrin. Iron chelates were ineffective, as also were monoferric transferrin fragments, but both homologous and heterologous transferrins promoted transformation. Optimal transformation occurred with 10-50 micrograms/ml of transferrin, and at 30-70 per cent iron saturation. Transferrin was bound by the transforming cells, and subsequently released without degradation following the delivery of iron. Iron uptake preceded DNA synthesis. Iron chelates, despite their inability to promote transformation, could also deliver iron to lymphocytes. It is postulated that transferrin may fulfil functions additional to that of supplying iron. PMID- 6534828 TI - In vitro study of ticlopidine, as a model of antisickling action of platelet antiaggregant. AB - The in vitro antisickling effect of ticlopidine may be explained by the action of the drug on the membrane. The drug molecule increases slightly the volume of the cell, decreases the mean intra-erythrocytic hemoglobin concentration and therefore affects the delay time for hemoglobin S polymerization. PMID- 6534829 TI - Histologic criteria for classification and differential diagnosis of chronic myeloproliferative disorders. AB - The chronic myeloproliferative disorders (MPD) are well characterized clinical entities comprising polycythaemia vera (PV), idiopathic thrombocythaemia (IT) (also called megakaryocytic myelosis, mature type; MegM), chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML), and myelofibrosis/osteomyelosclerosis (MF/OMS). Three thousand one hundred and eight bone biopsies of 2629 patients with established MPD were examined to investigate the histologic features of MPD in a large material in order to identify criteria for the histologic classification and differential diagnosis of these disorders. Detailed histologic characteristics were defined for each of the disorders and the results showed that in the majority of cases MPD may be recognized and classified by the initial bone marrow histology. Utilizing the predominant proliferative cell(s) in the bone marrow, PV was categorized into 4 types: 1. the classic, tri-linear type; 2. a bi-linear type with hyperplasia of the erythroid and granulocytic lines; 3. a bi-linear type with hyperplasia of the erythroid and megakaryocytic cell lines and 4. a uni linear type with isolated increased erythrocytic proliferation. CML showed 2 sub divisions: 1. the granulocytic, uni-linear type and 2. the bi-linear type with proliferation of myeloid and megakaryocytic lines. The former had a tendency to evolve into blastic crisis, while the latter was prone to develop into MF/OMS. It was primarily uni-linear exhibiting increased megakaryocytes. In most cases, MF/OMS was shown (by means of follow-up biopsies) to arise out of those entities of MPD which had included megakaryocytic hyperplasia and to which the proliferation of fibroblasts was secondary. The conclusion is drawn that an initial bone marrow biopsy provides additional diagnostic and prognostic data in this group of haematologic malignancies. PMID- 6534830 TI - Lymphoproliferative disorders in the bone marrow: histologic criteria for classification and staging. AB - Malignant lymphoproliferative disorders (LPD) were investigated in bone marrow biopsies of 1565 untreated patients. Marrow involvement was found in 90 per cent of multiple myeloma (MM), 70 per cent of non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL) and 10 per cent of Hodgkin disease (HD). In MM and NHL there were five major entities according to the predominant proliferative cell type: 1. plasmacytic, 2. lymphocytic, 3. hairy cell, 4. immunocytic and 5. centrocytic. On the basis of bone marrow histology they were classified into 3 distinct sub-types each of which had an independent prognostic significance. The mode of spread of all the LPD fell into one of six architectural patterns which together with the tumour cell burden (the quantity of infiltration in the biopsy) also had a significant predictive value. Consequently, bone marrow biopsy is a valuable diagnostic tool for histologic classification and clinical staging of any patient with LPD. PMID- 6534831 TI - Molecular and cellular regulation of pyruvate kinase in red blood cells. AB - The main sources of the heterogeneity of pyruvate kinase (PK) isoenzymes are discussed. The regulative role of the L-type PK for the energy metabolism of a tissue without glyconeogenesis has been examined in erythrocytes. For that purpose a kinetic model of the PK has been established taking into account the substrates and the effectors ATP and fructose-1,6.biphosphate. This PK model was incorporated into a complex mathematical model of glycolysis and the concentrations of metabolites and the glycolytic flux were calculated for normal PK activity and for a PK activity ten times lower than normal. From calculations it is concluded that under the conditions of PK deficiency the energy metabolism cannot be stabilized. This corresponds to the experimental finding that the filtration constant of PK deficient red blood cells increases with declining survival time. PMID- 6534832 TI - Immunofixation electrophoresis: an immunochemical method for testing protein anomalies. AB - The practical problems of immunofixation electrophoresis are discussed and the advantages of the method are stressed on the basis of data in the literature and own experience mainly in tests of monoclonal gammopathies. Technical modifications are recommended by which the tests can be performed easily and quickly with small amounts of immune sera. PMID- 6534833 TI - Experience in the detection of red cell antigens and HLA antigens in bloodstains. AB - The red cell antigens A, B, H, C, CW, c, D, E, e, S, s, K, Fya, Fyb, Jka and Jkb can all be detected on bloodstained threads using a modified Landsteiner elution technique. Bloodstain material is often very limited in quantity and far from fresh so every effort is made to produce optimum conditions throughout the test including extension both of the absorption period and the elution time, using a low concentration of indicator cells and the use of LISS. Detection of the HLA antigens in stains is less advanced but inhibition of the lymphocytotoxicity of HLA sera by bloodstained threads has produced some promising results in experiments involving the HLA-A1, A2, B8 and CW3 antigens. PMID- 6534834 TI - The change in criminalistic methods for bloodstain analysis in California. AB - The field of bloodstain analysis is undergoing considerable change. Newer technics are being used, and new legal decisions are providing specimens which are of better diagnostic use. However, the cost of the equipment, and the necessary training needed, has caused a considerable decrease in the number of individuals who are performing studies for the defense. At the same time the technics have made it possible for the courts to have better scientific evidence available to help them in their decisions. It is hoped that defense experts will keep pace with those of the prosecution, and ensure the right to fair trial for any individual. PMID- 6534835 TI - Importance of the choice of the means in the study of bloodstains. PMID- 6534836 TI - ABO and Lewis typing of semen, saliva and other body fluids. AB - It is well known that ABH group specific substances are usually present in high concentrations in body fluids of secretors. In normal circumstances these substances can withstand drying and retain their antigenic activity over a prolonged period. This enables the forensic serologist to assist in the investigation of various crimes by grouping stains of body fluids such as semen and saliva. It is possible, for instance, to group saliva and lip mucosa stains on cigarette ends, gags, masks, postage stamps and envelope flaps etc. but it is the grouping of seminal stains in the investigation of sexual crimes which predominates. The results of such tests can be extremely valuable in either including or excluding suspects. PMID- 6534837 TI - Identification of human lymphocyte antigens (HLA) in a semen stain. AB - A method developed for the determination of HLA-A and HLA-B antigens in blood stains has been applied for the identification of HLA antigens in a semen stain, on the basis of the inhibition of the lymphocytotoxic activity of HLA-A and HLA-B antigens of semen stains. PMID- 6534838 TI - Spleen alterations in hairy cell leukemia: a scanning electron microscopic study. AB - In Hairy Cell Leukemia (HCL) peripheral blood and bone marrow cells show under the scanning electron microscope (SEM) a characteristic surface with numerous ruffles and microvilli. The spleen of a patient affected by HCL was studied by SEM after fresh sectioning and routine preparation. Cells with the typical "hairy" surface were observed infiltrating the red pulp, altering the normal reticular meshwork and causing red blood cell distortion. In the sinuses, hairy cells adhered to the endothelial cells causing sinus dilatation and destruction. Aggregates of hairy cells delimiting pooled erythrocytes were also observed and may represent the "pseudosinuses" described in previous light and transmission electron microscopic studies. These preliminary findings may explain the condition of hypersplenism which characterizes HCL. In addition, SEM is proposed as a rapid and simple method to identify HCL spleen involvement. PMID- 6534839 TI - Plasmapheresis and cytotoxic drugs for mixed cryoglobulinemia. AB - Fifteen patients with symptomatic cryoglobulinaemia were subjected to apheretic treatment when acute renal insufficiency, glomerulonephritis, severe generalized vasculitis and polyneuropathy unresponsive to conventional therapy or complications due to steroids, such as vertebral collapse, peptic ulcer and steroid diabetes, had appeared. Treatment was performed by discontinuous flow centrifugation or cascade filtration: when discontinuous flow centrifugation was employed, a mixture of saline, gelatin and fresh frozen plasma was used for replacement. Cytotoxic drugs were administered to patients with lymphoma (4 patients) or chronic active hepatitis (5 patients) and also to patients suffering from essential mixed cryoglobulinaemia. Exchanges were organized into courses of 3 to 5 sessions over 5 to 10 days and employed as a supportive measure. No patient underwent long-term treatment. A complete resolution of kidney damage, skin involvement and neurologic signs was observed when treatment was started early in the course of the disease, whereas unequivocal but moderate improvement was obtained in the case of long-lasting symptoms such as polyneuropathy. Relapses were seen in most patients when cytotoxic drugs had been discontinued abruptly. In 8 patients the solubility of cryoglobulins was studied by a recently developed turbidimetric assay. Following treatment the solubility increased; when solubility decreased, 2 patients of this group had a relapse. On the basis of these preliminary observations it appears that the possibility of predicting relapsing disease or the need of continuing therapy can eventually be achieved. PMID- 6534840 TI - Release of microvesicles from erythrocytes during storage in saline-adenine glucose media. AB - Storage of human erythrocytes in SAG media results in the release of membrane microvesicles with a diameter of about 190 nm. They can be separated from intact erythrocytes by centrifugation on a dextran barrier solution (density 1.078 g/l). Vesicles prepared from cold stored erythrocyte concentrates are like those released upon ATP depletion by erythrocytes incubated without glucose at 37 degrees C [15]. The course of vesiculation was followed by measuring acetylcholinesterase during storage of the erythrocyte concentrate for 35 days. Its activity remained constant within the storage units during the preservation period. This enzyme and phospholipids were released continuously in a proportional manner. The release of sialic acid amounted to about half of that of phospholipids. Owing to depletion of 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate the binding of ATP to haemoglobin increased and the concentration of free ATP declined. Addition of an ion-exchange resin to stored erythrocytes kept the pH constant, retarded the breakdown of 2,3-P2G and stabilized the concentration of free ATP. That inhibited the rate of irreversible vesiculation. Therefore, maintenance of 2,3 bisphosphoglycerate plus ATP during long-term storage of erythrocytes is a condition of keeping intact their membrane, metabolism and oxygen transport function. PMID- 6534841 TI - Neutrophil acid phosphatase activity in patients with gastric or rectum carcinoma during surgical treatment. AB - In 22 patients with alimentary tract carcinoma granulocyte acid phosphatase activity was determined using the histochemical method of Suzuki. Enzyme activity was determined in peripheral blood 3 times, viz. before surgical intervention, in blood from a vessel draining the tumour before its excision, and in peripheral blood 2-3 weeks after excision of the tumour. In parallel tests, enzyme activity was established in peripheral blood of 22 healthy individuals. The results showed that acid phosphatase activity of granulocytes is lower than in the controls, especially in granulocytes collected from the vessel draining the tumour. The lower acid phosphatase activity in granulocytes from patients with carcinoma was mainly due to the lower percentage of positive cells. After removal of the tumour acid phosphatase activity of the granulocytes increased in the majority of cases. It is assumed that an enhanced exocytosis of lysosomal enzymes in the course of tumour disease was responsible for the decrease of activity in the granulocytes. PMID- 6534842 TI - [Circulating immune complexes and NK activity in systemic lupus erythematosus]. AB - NK-activity of normal mononuclear cells is inhibited in vitro by addition of immune complexes or aggregated IgG. We therefore studied 20 sera of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus in order to investigate whether there is any correlation between the presence of circulating immune complexes and suppression of NK-activity. A correlation was not found. PMID- 6534843 TI - [The antisera avidity]. AB - In a LN-equivalence point titration system the modulation of immune complex formation of high avide antisera by specific and unspecific factors is measurable. Protamine-Cl is a potent enhancer of complex formation. PMID- 6534844 TI - [Current experimental and clinical experiences with i.v. immunoglobulin]. PMID- 6534846 TI - Cell generation cycle of spermatogonia in immature rats treated neonatally with oestrogen. PMID- 6534845 TI - [Hepatitis B virus infections in hospitals]. AB - Subclinical and clinical cases of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in hospital personnel were recorded over a five-year period. Although our data indicate the existence of "high-risk areas" like laboratories, dialysis units or surgical wards, it was found that 50% of all HBV infections were observed outside these areas. During the same period, most of our inpatients were monitored for HBs antigenemia. It could be demonstrated that more than 50% of all cases of HBs antigenemia were not known before and were treated primarily for other reasons than for hepatitis B. As a consequence from our data and from the screening for environmental HBs-antigen on laboratory surfaces it may be concluded for the hospital routine: Even minimal contaminations with blood should be avoided, all personnel should be vaccinated against HBs-antigen, HBs-antigen should be determined in every inpatient to detect inapparent virus carriers. PMID- 6534847 TI - Effect of high fat diet on biogenic monoamine levels of rhesus monkeys. PMID- 6534848 TI - An improved method of antigen presentation to detect cell-mediated immune response to spermatozoa. PMID- 6534849 TI - A rapid method for separation and estimation of free phenytoin in serum. PMID- 6534850 TI - Effect of caffeine (1,3,7-trimethylxanthine) on bone marrow cells of mice. PMID- 6534851 TI - Prevention of experimental cataract by alpha-tocopherol. PMID- 6534852 TI - Studies on uptake and retention of (3H) estradiol-17 beta by accessory genital organs of male rat. PMID- 6534853 TI - Effect of follicular atresia on in vitro uptake of acetate-1-14C by granulosa cells of preovulatory follicles in rat ovary. PMID- 6534854 TI - Effect of phosphodiesterase regulators on prostaglandin evoked responses in isolated rat uterus. PMID- 6534855 TI - Effect of phosphodiesterase regulators and catecholamines on motility of isolated pregnant rat uterus. PMID- 6534856 TI - Some neurochemical effects of a new antianxiety agent centazolone. PMID- 6534857 TI - Effect of chlordiazepoxide on experimentally induced centrogenic arrhythmias in anaesthetized dogs. PMID- 6534858 TI - Response of meiotic chromosomes of mice to phenobarbitone. PMID- 6534859 TI - Cursory survey of lymphatic filariasis. An overview. PMID- 6534860 TI - A case of Salmonella thyroiditis--an unusual manifestation of salmonellosis. PMID- 6534861 TI - Papillary cyst adenoma of epididymis. A case report. PMID- 6534862 TI - Pseudomonas maltophilia endocarditis. PMID- 6534863 TI - A bacteriological study of improvised theatre and personnel in rural blind relief eye camps. PMID- 6534864 TI - Light & electron microscopy of benign peripheral nerve sheath tumors. PMID- 6534865 TI - Necrotising lymphadenitis. An analysis of seventeen cases. PMID- 6534866 TI - NADH--methaemoglobin reductase deficiency. A case report. PMID- 6534867 TI - Bacteriology of chronic suppurative otitis media with special reference to anaerobes. PMID- 6534869 TI - Progressive pathology in end stage kidney on long term dialysis. PMID- 6534868 TI - Serum ceruloplasmin levels in patients of leukaemias, Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. PMID- 6534870 TI - Structural organisation within the epididymis and its functional implications. AB - The functional organisation of the epididymis has been studied in 20 adult albino rats. The gross divisions of Caput or head, Corpus or body, and Cauda or lower end show distinctive features which indicate functional specialisation. The Caput epididymis has strikingly tall columnar cells with a mean height of 124 mu, but little muscle tissue. It seems to be adapted as a distensible low-pressure reservoir to accomodate the testicular outflow and modify it by absorption and secretion; the prominent stereocilia (or microvilli) would favour this absorptive function. The Cauda, on the other hand, shows abundant muscle tissue around the widening duct and provides the mechanism for rapid delivery of sperms during ejaculation. The Corpus or middle part is peculiarly long and slender, accomodating only 2 or 3 ductules side-by-side. It might serve to separate the two functionally different upper and lower parts and protect the testis against any undue back-pressure. The epididymis weighed 67% of the corresponding testis, on an average. The capacity of the testis to tolerate any obstruction of the outflow tract might be related to the size and capacity of the epididymis in that species. PMID- 6534871 TI - Effects of training on the extent of experimental myocardial infarction in aging rats. AB - The effects of exercise on the severity of isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction were studied in female albino rats of 20,40,60 and 80 weeks of age. The rats were trained to swim for a specific duration and for a particular period. The occurrence of infarcts were confirmed by histological methods. Elevations in the serum GOT and GPT were maximum in the sedentary-isoproterenols and minimum in the exercise-controls. These changes in the serum transaminases were associated with corresponding depletions in the cardiac GOT and GPT. However, age was seen to interfere with the responses exhibited by the young and old rats. Studies dealing with myocardial infarction are more informative when dealt with age. PMID- 6534872 TI - Release of alpha-MSH from the in vitro superfused neuro-intermediate lobe of the pituitary of the rat by antidiuretic hormone. AB - The effect of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) on the release of immunoreactive alpha melanocyte stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH) from the superfused neurointermediate lobe of the pituitary of the normal Wistar and Brattleboro (diabetes insipidus) rat was studied in vitro. In control experiments, there was usually an initial peak, after which alpha-MSH release fell exponentially over the course of the perfusion. Following the addition of ADH, the levels of alpha-MSH in the superfusate showed a significant rise. It is suggested that ADH is normally involved in the secretion of alpha-MSH by the pars intermedia of the rat, especially in response to osmotic stimuli. PMID- 6534873 TI - Juvenile T waves (a study of 100 normal subjects). AB - "Juvenile pattern" of T wave inversion in the precordial leads of electrocardiogram was studied in 100 normal healthy Indians of 0 to 70 years of age in both sexes. Incidence of such pattern was observed in 25 subjects upto 19 years of age. Persons of weight/height ratio less than 30% had higher incidence of juvenile T waves. Maximum incidence (48%) of juvenile T waves was observed in the annual income group of Rs. 15000/-. Exercise ECC showed slight flattening of the inverted T waves in V1 to V3 leads in eight subjects only. PMID- 6534874 TI - Effect of vasectomy on biochemical constituents of the blood in langur monkey--a 2 1/2 years follow up. AB - Bilaterally vasectomized langur monkeys were compared with age matched sham operated controls for biochemical constituents of the blood following 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5 years of surgery. No appreciable changes were observed in blood glucose and blood urea and serum total protein, total lipid, phospholipid, total cholesterol, sialic acid, electrolytes (chloride, phosphorus, magnesium, sodium, potassium, copper and zinc) and enzymes (LDH, alkaline phosphatase SGOT and SGPT) suggesting that long-term vasectomy does not cause adverse effects on general body metabolism including atherosclerosis. PMID- 6534875 TI - Reaction time in clinical diabetes mellitus. AB - Visual and auditory reaction times were studied in patients suffering from diabetes mellitus and age matched normal control subjects. Auditory reaction times were shorter than visual reaction times in control subjects as well as diabetic patients. In diabetic patients, there was significant prolongation of visual as well as auditory reaction times. Further studies of reaction times for various modalities may provide a better insight into the neurological disturbances in diabetes mellitus. PMID- 6534876 TI - Peak expiratory flow rate and its prediction formulae in Haryanvis. AB - Peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) was studied in 806 healthy 6 to 58 year old Haryanvi males. A steep rise in PEFR is seen with age up to 18 years, little variation occurs between 19 to 26 years and is followed by a gradual fall thereafter. The formulae for the prediction of PEFR from age and height in different age groups have been worked out. Haryanvi children are taller having PEFR and predicted values of PEFR higher than the children of other Indian states and are well comparable to Western children. On the other hand in Haryanvi adults observed and predicted values of PEFR are low. It is possible that economical uplift of this area due to industrialization and green revolution has led to improved nutrition resulting into better physical and functional (PEFR) development of younger generation. It is suggested that in developing states the physical and functional norms should be periodically reviewed. PMID- 6534877 TI - Anaemia in hospital patients in southern Sudan. AB - A random survey involving 1847 patients attending Juba Teaching Hospital irrespective of complaint revealed presense of anaemia in 79.53% of cases. The prevalence in children under 9 years was 94.83%. PMID- 6534878 TI - Thyroid activity in second generation crosses of Hariana cattle with exotic breeds. PMID- 6534879 TI - Birth weight: relationship with other fetal anthropometric parameters. PMID- 6534880 TI - Impact of alternate immunisation strategies on tetanus neonatorum in India. PMID- 6534881 TI - Colonoscopic polypectomy in children. PMID- 6534882 TI - Retinoblastoma. PMID- 6534883 TI - Hyperuricemia in acute dehydrating diarrhea. PMID- 6534884 TI - Perinatal outcome following oxytocin administration (a prospective study). PMID- 6534885 TI - Coeliac disease. PMID- 6534886 TI - Hemangiomatous malformation of thoracic vertebra. PMID- 6534888 TI - Cerebellar syndrome in malaria. PMID- 6534887 TI - Congenital erythropoietic porphyria. PMID- 6534889 TI - Subacute hepatic necrosis. PMID- 6534890 TI - Novel approaches and drugs for obesity. Proceedings of a satellite symposium to the Fourth International Congress on Obesity. New York, USA, 3-5 October 1983. PMID- 6534891 TI - Studies with sucrose polyester. AB - Sucrose polyester (SPE) is a lipid synthesized from sucrose and fatty acid methyl esters. SPE has physical and organoleptic properties that closely resemble triglycerides, but it is not hydrolysed in the intestine and therefore not absorbed. By providing a persistent lipophilic phase in the intestine, SPE reduces the absorption of lipophilic substances such as cholesterol. SPE leaves the stomach more rapidly than triglyceride oils, presumably because of the absence of an effect on duodenal receptors. In studies with obese subjects, dietary SPE reduced total and LDL cholesterol by reducing the absorption of cholesterol from the intestine. In a study, in which SPE was covertly substituted for dietary fat, ten obese subjects in a weight-loss regimen did not increase dietary intake to compensate for the energy removed from the diet by SPE substitution. In a similar study with five naive, obese subjects, the investigators concluded that the mean energy intake decrease during SPE treatment [184 (769 kJ) kcal/d] was not significant. SPE continues to be studied as a means of reducing energy intake. PMID- 6534892 TI - d-Fenfluramine and salbutamol: two drugs causing anorexia through different neurochemical mechanisms. AB - Recent studies on some neurochemical and functional effects of d-fenfluramine and salbutamol in rats were summarized. It was found that d-fenfluramine releases serotonin almost exclusively from a reserpine-sensitive pool, but this is not the only mechanism by which it reduces food intake, as reserpine did not change its anorectic activity. The fact that d-norfenfluramine, the active metabolite of d fenfluramine, uses mainly a reserpine-insensitive pool may help explain the failure of reserpine to reduce d-fenfluramine's effect on food intake. On the other hand, metergoline and chlorimipramine significantly reduced the effect of d fenfluramine suggesting that drug's uptake into serotonin-confining neurons and serotonin release are important for the anorectic activity. The ability of d fenfluramine to enhance serotonin function leads to a pattern of effects on various forms of eating that distinguishes this drug from d-amphetamine. In particular, studies with food-rewarded runway behaviour have clearly shown that d fenfluramine reduces motivation for food whereas no such effect is clear for d amphetamine. Salbutamol, a beta-adrenergic stimulant, was shown to reduce food intake in rats in a dose-dependent manner through a mechanism which seems to involve beta-adrenergic sites in the brain. The mechanism of action of salbutamol seems to be different from that of d-amphetamine since no cross-tolerance between the two drugs was found as regards their anorectic activity. Moreover, salbutamol and d-amphetamine affected differently some aspects of feeding behaviour in rats. PMID- 6534893 TI - Anorectic potency of inhibiting GABA transaminase in brain: studies of hypothalamic, dietary and genetic obesities. AB - A variety of recent literature suggests that brain gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) plays an important role in the control of feeding. One such line of evidence is that pharmacological inhibition of brain GABA transaminase (GABA-T) produces dose dependent anorexia in otherwise normal rats. To determine the generality of these findings we tested the ability of the GABA-T inhibitor ethanolamine-O-sulfate (EOS), to produce anorexia in three animal models of obesity: rats with medial hypothalamic lesions, rats exposed to palatable foods or Zucker fatty rats. Following intracisternal injection of 100, 200 or 400 micrograms EOS, all three models of chronic overeating showed dose-dependent anorexia of similar magnitude and duration to that seen in appropriate controls. These observations provide empirical support for previous suggestions that treatments which enhance brain GABA neurotransmission merit investigation for their potential use in treating excess energy consumption. PMID- 6534894 TI - Phenethanolamine derivatives with calorigenic and antidiabetic qualities. AB - p-[(R)-3-[bis-[(R)-beta-hydroxyphenethyl]amino]butyl]benzamide (Ro 16-8714/000) is one of the most effective compounds, of a new series of calorigenic bis phenethanolamine derivatives, which combine anti-obesity and antidiabetic qualities. Ro 16-8714 exhibited potent stimulation of oxygen consumption in normal rats and obese mice and rats. Calorigenesis appeared to be directly mediated by beta-adrenoceptors. Ro 16-8714 stimulated brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenesis in vitro and increased BAT calorigenic capacity in obese rodents during prolonged treatment. Furthermore, the compound induced fat mobilization and oxidation in normal and obese rats. Subchronic treatment of obese mice revealed potent antidiabetic effects which were mainly due to stimulation of carbohydrate oxidation. Prolonged treatment of obese mice and rats resulted in inhibition of body weight gain and depression of body fat content while body protein was maintained. The compound may, therefore, offer a new approach to the treatment of morbid obesity and maturity-onset diabetes. PMID- 6534895 TI - Anti-obesity activity of a novel lipid synthesis inhibitor. AB - A novel anti-obesity agent which inhibits fatty acid synthesis and stimulates fatty acid oxidation is described. The hydrochloride salt of Ro 22-0654 (4-amino 5-ethyl-3-thiophenecarboxylic acid methyl ester) is a potent inhibitor of fatty acid and cholesterol synthesis in rat-isolated hepatocytes. Hepatic fatty acid synthesis was inhibited in vivo in a dose-dependent fashion with a duration of action of approximately 8 h. Adipose tissue fatty acid synthesis was also inhibited in vivo. Inhibition of fatty acid synthesis occurs without any apparent effect on several lipogenic enzymes, the tricarboxylic acid cycle, and the pentose phosphate shunt. Ro 22-0654 also stimulated fatty acid oxidation (in vitro) and lipolysis (in vivo). In long-term studies (2 months), Ro 22-0654 decreased body weight gain in Sprague Dawley and genetically-obese Zucker rats. Food intake was decreased following a single dose and for several days during chronic treatment. However, while food intake quickly returned to normal, body weight gain remained lower in treated rats. The effect on body weight gain can be ascribed to decreased total body lipid content in the absence of an effect on lean body mass. It is suggested that Ro 22-0654 may have utility in the treatment of human obesity. PMID- 6534896 TI - d-Fenfluramine selectively decreases carbohydrate but not protein intake in obese subjects. AB - Studies on normal rats and on obese human subjects exhibiting 'carbohydrate craving' suggest that brain mechanisms exist allowing appetites for carbohydrates and proteins to be regulated independent of those for calories and for tastes of the carbohydrates. We observe that virtually all of the excess in daily energy intake among these obese people can be accounted for by carbohydrate snacks, and that a serotonin-releasing drug, d-fenfluramine, selectively diminishes the tendency to consume these snacks. PMID- 6534897 TI - Thermogenic properties of ciclazindol and mazindol in rodents. AB - Ciclazindol, a noradrenaline (NA) uptake inhibitor originally introduced as an antidepressant, has recently been shown to produce weight loss in experimental animals and patients. Unlike CNS-stimulant anti-obesity drugs, such as amphetamine, ciclazindol may induce weight loss in animals by stimulating thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue (BAT), and it is known to stimulate resting metabolic rate (RMR) of rats and depress energetic efficiency. These effects can be achieved in the absence of overt CNS stimulation and with certain analogues of ciclazindol may be due to an exclusive peripheral action. Mazindol, a structural analogue of ciclazindol also produces an increase in RMR. However the increment is qualitatively and quantitatively different from that observed with ciclazindol and cannot be dissociated from central stimulant actions. In this report we examine some of the physiological and behavioural effects of ciclazindol and mazindol analogues in rats. PMID- 6534898 TI - Identification of species and biotypes of the brucella genus in apparently healthy and aborted ewes and goats in Egypt. AB - Brucella micro-organisms was absent in the vaginal swabs collected from apparently healthy ewes. Such incidence among the genital tract of aborted ewes was 4.84%. Among goats, brucella species represented 7.04% in aborted goats, while it was recovered in lower percentage (0.92%) from the vaginal swabs of apparently healthy goats. Br. melitensis biotype "3" was the sole species recovered from aborted ewes, while biotypes "3" and "2" could be obtained from clinically healthy and aborted foeti of goats. The predilection seats of brucella in the genital tracts of aborted animals and their foeti were discussed in details. PMID- 6534899 TI - Taeniid infection of dogs in Zaria Nigeria. AB - Diagnostic work carried out over a sixty month period (1978-1982) showed that out of 4211 faecal and intestinal content samples, 522 (12.40%) carried cestode infection. Taeniid infection formed 75.86% (396) of this number. Out of ten bovine species posted, one had sterile hydatid cyst of the lung. Twenty-eight ovine samples were analysed out of which one had fertile hydatid cyst of the lung, three had Cysticercus tenuicollis and one had Moniezia expansa. Only one of the 21 caprine species posted had Cysticercus tenuicollis. The incidence of 9.40% (369 out of 4211) taeniid infection in dogs in and around Zaria strongly suggests the possibility of high level unconfirmed hydatidosis in domestic animals and man in the study area. PMID- 6534900 TI - Complement fixing antibodies to Orungo virus in food animals of Northern Nigeria. AB - In 1981 serum samples were collected from 1106 domestic ruminants in seven different locations in Kaduna and Sokoto States of Northern Nigeria. These states represent the part of the country where there has been no reports of clinical disease or antibody to Orungo virus. Orungo virus antibodies were detected in 26.7% of the sheep, 6.8% of the cattle, 30.7% of the goats and 37.5% of the camels tested by the complement fixation method. The antibody titer in the various positive samples were also determined. Hitherto, Orungo virus infection has not been reported in goats and camels in this country. PMID- 6534901 TI - Coxiella burnetii antibodies in some Nigerian dairy cows and their suckling calves. AB - Dairy cows and their suckling calves kept at institutional and governmental farms under semi-intensive husbandry and dual purpose Fulani nomadic herds with extensive management system around Zaria, Nigeria were screened for antibodies against Coxiella burnetii using the capillary agglutination test (CAT). An antibody prevalence of 59.8% detected among 306 dairy cows under both management systems was significantly (P less than 0.01, X2) higher than was found among their suckling calves where 41.0% of 205 calves tested were seropositive. At institutional herds, 61.4% of 176 dairy cows, 47.3% of 110 suckling calves and 43.2% of 44 milk samples contained antibodies to C. burnetii. However, within Fulani nomadic herds, 57.7% of 130, 33.7% of 95 and 62.5% of 40, dairy cows, suckling calves and milk samples respectively, were positive for C. burnetii antibodies. Antibody titres of seropositive cows were similar for both systems as 82 (62.7%) of 122 tested sera had titres of 1:64 or above. It is concluded that milkborne C. burnetii infections could be a health hazard to consumers of raw or unpasteurized milk in this environment, based on high prevalence rates and titres, as some cows could be shedding the organism. The role of management practice in the transmission of C. burnetii is also discussed. PMID- 6534903 TI - Toxoplasmosis in local breed of chicken in Zaria, Nigeria. AB - Local breed of chicken were surveyed serologically, using indirect haemagglutination test (IHA), for Toxoplasma infection. From a total of 250 chickens, 112 (44.80%) were seropositive at a screening dilution of 1:64. Of these 112, 58.00% were positive at 1:64; 30.36% at 1:128; 10.71% at 1:256; and 0.89% at 1:512. The results of this study point to the possible significant role of chickens in the epidemiology of animal and human toxoplasmosis in Zaria. PMID- 6534902 TI - Prevalence of feline leptospirosis: serologic survey and attempts of isolation and demonstration of the agent. AB - The occurrence of leptospiral infection in cats was determined through the detection of specific antibodies based on the results of microscopic agglutination test and the attempts of isolation and histological demonstration of leptospires from the kidneys of these animals. Of 172 serum samples examined by microscopic agglutination test, 22 (12.8%) were positive with titers greater than or equal to 100. The most frequent serovar was pomona. In relation to the sex, significant differences were not seen; however the age distribution showed that feline leptospirosis is more frequent in adult cats. The attempts for isolation and demonstration of L. interrogans from renal parenchyma by culture or Warthin Starry technics were unsuccessful. PMID- 6534904 TI - Environmental and biological determinants for the prevalence of leptospirosis among wild small mammal hosts, island of Hawaii. AB - From October 1969 to January 31, 1973, an island-wide small mammal survey was conducted by the Hawaii State Department of Health in Hilo, Hawaii. A total of 2,982 rodents and mongooses from East and West Hawaii were cage-trapped and were examined by serological and cultural methods for evidence of leptospirosis. Of the 2,957 animals tested, 899 (30.4%) were culturally or serologically positive and 2058 (69.6%) were negative for evidence of leptospiral infection. Three leptospiral serotypes were isolated (L. icterohaemorrhagiae, L. ballum, and L. sejroe). The incidence among animal species was compared with earlier studies on this island. PMID- 6534905 TI - Visceral larva migrans: a risk assessment in Baton Rouge, Louisiana. AB - Visceral larva migrans, VLM, is a disease of young children. Due to lack of awareness of the disease as well as its non-specific symptomology, a survey of the potential risk of acquiring the disease was conducted in the Baton Rouge, Louisiana area. The greatest number of dogs showing positive results to tests for the presence of the eggs of Toxocara canis were those less than one year of age. Very few of the soil samples collected from twenty different parks/playgrounds were found to contain eggs of T. canis. A higher percentage of soil samples from individual yards proved to be contaminated with the eggs of the parasite. Even though the incidence of VLM in Baton Rouge is reported to be quite low, the potential for the infection certainly is present. Veterinarians must be prepared to take a leading role in the education of their clients as to the potential of the disease for the children associated with new puppies, and the measures parents can take to reduce the exposure potential. PMID- 6534906 TI - The numbers and varieties of bacteria carried by filth flies in sanitary and unsanitary city area. AB - Filth flies caught with nets in various localities of varying sanitary conditions in Ibadan city were predominantly Musca domestica and a few Fannia cannicularis. Seven genera of bacteria, some of which were pathogenic to humans, were isolated from the legs, wings, mouthparts and midguts of the flies. Flies were very abundant in areas where unsanitary conditions prevailed and scarce where sanitary conditions were enforced. The total number of bacteria isolated from flies caught in the market places was higher than those isolated from flies caught in any other locality; low numbers of bacteria were isolated from flies caught in areas where hygienic conditions prevailed. Bacillus spp. were the most numerous of the bacteria isolated. The greatest numbers of bacteria were found on the legs. From the house-flies caught on dairy animals were isolated a high number of Escherichia coli. The public health significance of these findings is discussed. PMID- 6534907 TI - A survey of helminth parasites of game animals in Kainji Lake National Park of Nigeria. AB - Between January and April 1983, the Borgu sector of the Kainji Lake National Park was visited and faecal droppings of several game animals belonging to the groups of Carnivora, Artiodactyla, Proboscidae and Primates were collected and processed for the presence of helminth ova and larvae. Faeces were also collected from the rectum of domestic ruminants which had grazed on the periphery of the park. Post mortem examinations were conducted on a baboon and an adult Monitor Lizard. Most of the game animals possessed multiple helminth infection but the egg-counts were generally low. Larvae of Haemonchus, Oesophagostomum and Trichostrongylus were common to wild and domestic ruminants while larvae of hook- and lungworms were mostly restricted to carnivores and primates. Some of the helminths found in the stomach and intestine of baboon during post-mortem were of public health interest. PMID- 6534908 TI - Epidemiology of bovine brucellosis in Mexicali Valley, Mexico: use of path analysis to refine the existing control program. AB - This paper describes how path analysis, a quantitative analytical technique, was used to evaluate details on the epidemiology of bovine brucellosis in a discrete geographic area of Baja California Norte, Mexico. The steps involved in the analysis are discussed and details are presented for refining and improving the bovine brucellosis control program in this geographic area. PMID- 6534909 TI - Isolation of Yersinia enterocolitica from milk and milk products in Zaria, Nigeria. AB - Fourteen isolates of Yersinia enterocolitica were obtained from a total of 319 samples of raw milk and milk products. None of the isolates produced heat-stable enterotoxin as measured by infant mouse test. All the isolates were sensitive to tetracycline, gentamicin, sulfamethoxazole trimethoprim and resistant to cephaloridine, ampicillin, nitrofurantoin and carbenicillin. Most of the isolates were probably environmental strains. This paper reports isolation of Y. enterocolitica from milk and milk products for the first time in Nigeria. PMID- 6534910 TI - Observations on brucellosis in Nagpur Region, India. AB - Sero-epidemiology of bovine brucellosis was carried out in farms in Nagpur region, India with 953 samples of which 9.7% were positive. Higher incidences were observed in local non-descript cattle and in dairy farms. Control measures were discussed and fear was expressed of increased incidence due to ban on cow slaughter. PMID- 6534911 TI - Primary bronchogenic carcinoma associated with emphysematous giant bulla. PMID- 6534912 TI - Bilateral sensorineural deafness associated with Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection: the first case report. PMID- 6534913 TI - Postmortem formation of carbon monoxide in blood and body cavity fluids of rats drowned and kept immersed in fresh water. PMID- 6534914 TI - Solitary nonparasitic cyst of the liver in children: two cases of rapid enlarging cyst caused by minor abdominal injury. PMID- 6534915 TI - Betamethasone receptor levels following betamethasone administration. PMID- 6534916 TI - Cronkhite-Canada syndrome. A case report and analytical review of 37 other cases reported in Japan. PMID- 6534917 TI - Studies on the estimation of postmortem time: an application of interactive image analysis system. PMID- 6534918 TI - The change of serum lipoproteins observed in non insulin dependent diabetic patients and a study of its mechanism. PMID- 6534919 TI - Influence of hemoperfusion using polyetherurethane sheet embedded with powdered charcoal (UPC) on middle molecules of hepatic failure dogs. PMID- 6534920 TI - Ammonia removal by air stripping tower. PMID- 6534921 TI - Long term follow up and evaluation of free muscle graft in the upper extremity. PMID- 6534923 TI - Chromosome analysis of bone marrow fibroblast colony-forming cells (CFU-F) in heavily exposed atomic bomb survivors. PMID- 6534922 TI - Distribution of GEP endocrine cells in the gastric mucosa of mice with experimental gastritis. PMID- 6534924 TI - Seven cases of subtotal parathyroidectomy for renal hyperparathyroidism. PMID- 6534925 TI - Studies of standard liver function and hepatic fibrosis in rats with obstructive jaundice and biliary drainage. PMID- 6534926 TI - Carcinoid tumors of the thymus. PMID- 6534927 TI - Bochdalek's hernia in the newborn--6 years' experience. PMID- 6534928 TI - Mass screening for breast cancer in Hiroshima Prefecture. PMID- 6534929 TI - Clinical studies of breast cancer in the inner half. PMID- 6534930 TI - Establishment and characterization of new cell line (YMB-1) derived from human breast carcinoma. PMID- 6534931 TI - Sister cases of "delta phalanx" which was difficult to differentiate from brachydactyly. PMID- 6534932 TI - Cases of snapping finger originating in tendovaginitis of extensor digiti quinti proprius tendon. PMID- 6534933 TI - Carcinoma of the esophagus engrafted on corrosive stricture. A case report. PMID- 6534934 TI - Changes of human immunological parameters by PSK administration. PMID- 6534935 TI - Nonspecific mitogen responses of peripheral lymphocytes in levamisole-treated patients with herpetic stromal keratitis. PMID- 6534937 TI - Computed tomography in malignant conditions affecting the pericardium. PMID- 6534936 TI - A case of obstructive jaundice due to abdominal aneurysm compression. PMID- 6534938 TI - [Complete phlebographic exploration of the venous return of the lower limbs in the clarification of pulmonary embolism. Technic and results]. PMID- 6534939 TI - [Results of our experience with coxometry (apropos of 104 examinations). Verification of normal angular values in the adult]. PMID- 6534940 TI - [Colonic metastases of breast cancer. Apropos of a case]. PMID- 6534941 TI - A case of a primary aorto-duodenal fistula detected by arteriography. PMID- 6534942 TI - Perirenal localized form of retroperitoneal fibrosis. PMID- 6534943 TI - The use of arbitrary reconstruction in computed tomography. PMID- 6534944 TI - The place of radiotherapy in the treatment of stage I and II testicular tumours. PMID- 6534945 TI - [Combined operation: cataract and glaucoma with implantation. Results of a series of 28 cases]. AB - 28 eyes underwent a combined procedure: trabeculectomy, extra-capsular cataract extraction and implantation of a posterior chamber intraocular lens. With a minimum of 9 months follow-up, 23 eyes had intraocular pressure controlled of all antiglaucoma medications, and 4 additional eyes achieved control with only the use of timolol maleate drops. (1 eye was lost to follow-up.) Preoperative near visual acuity was less than Parinaud 5 (Jaeger 7) in all eyes. Post-operative near visual acuity was Parinaud 2 (Jaeger 1) in 17 eyes. Senile macular degeneration was responsible for less than Parinaud 2 visual acuity in 4 additional eyes. An extracapsular extraction has advantages over the intracapsular method, both in terms of less post-operative vitreoretinal complications for the cataract extraction itself, and for the creation of a functional trabeculectomy by keeping the vitreous away from the filtration site. Use of a posterior chamber intraocular lens implant as part of the combined procedure appears to be highly acceptable. Complications and limits of the combined procedure are discussed. PMID- 6534946 TI - [Power in the periphery of several aspheric eyeglasses for aphakic patients]. AB - A special device adapted to a Nikon projection vertexometer permits the power to be measured in the periphery of recent aspheric aphakic lenses. The peripheral power is measured with respect to the vertex sphere. A blended lenticular aspheric lens and three types of zonal aspheric full field lenses are studied, with various base curves on three samples. Four meridians of each lens are evaluated with ocular rotations varying by 5 degrees step up to 35 degrees at least. The results show a variable oblique astigmatism and a high under correction of the mean oblique power for the Welsh 4 drop. The other zonal aspheric lenses give only a slight improvement of the peripheral powers compared with some conventional aspheric lenses. The Omega lens shows a reasonable correction of off-axis power errors up to 30 degrees. Beyond, the powers variation follows the general characteristics of blended lenticular aspheric lenses. PMID- 6534947 TI - [Microsurgery of retinal detachment after perforating injury]. AB - Twenty consecutive retinal detachments (R.D.) after penetrating ocular injury were operated on with vitreoretinal microsurgery. The follow-up after surgery varies from 6 months to 30 months. Retinal reattachment was achieved in 15 of the 20 eyes (75%). The final visual acuity was 0,4 or better in 10 of the 15 eyes operated on with success (66%). Surgical success was achieved in 7 of the 8 R.D. associated with proliferative vitreoretinopathy (P.V.R.) grade C1, C2 and C3; and 6 of the 7 R.D. associated with subretinal proliferation without clinical evidence of epiretinal proliferation. 2 R.D. associated with P.V.R. grade D2 were surgical failures. The patients should be kept under control for a long period of time since gradual shrinkage of the vitreous base may develop beyond 6 months after surgery. PMID- 6534948 TI - [Obliteration of the posterior holes and tears of the retina by endodiathermy after vitrectomy]. AB - The authors report 19 cases of posterior retinal and tears treated by endodiathermy after vitrectomy. Nine cases were iatrogenic with a retinal break occurring during an intravitreal procedure. The remaining 10 cases were non iatrogenic. A flat or reapplied retina is a prerequisite for achieving an adequate chorioretinal adhesion by endodiathermy. Short-term internal tamponade by intravitreal gas is recommended in cases with tears and no detachment, whereas, longer term tamponade with intravitreal silicone is preferable when the retina is detached. This method can be used when external retinopexy becomes impractical for lesions too far posterior, or when endophotocoagulation cannot be performed. PMID- 6534950 TI - [Value of the stereoscopic tests in the detection of sensorimotor anomalies in children]. AB - Limitations and advantages of the stereotests are briefly discussed. In this trial, two stereotests (TNO and Frisby) have been tested in 3 groups of patients: group 1 was composed of 180 cases with normal binocular vision; group 2 of 312 patients with known ocular motility disorders: group 3 of 186 patients with unknown sensorimotor status. The utility of the two stereotests in detecting ocular motility disorders and/or amblyopia is uncertain when used alone. Because of a high number of false positives and false negatives the tests are best used in conjunction with other clinical tests of ocular sensorimotor function. PMID- 6534949 TI - [Acquired ocular toxoplasmosis and immunosuppression of tumoral thymic origin]. AB - A rare case of acute bilateral unifocal chorioretinitis in a 24 years old man is described. The patient had been followed for more than 3 years for a benign thymoma, detected by systematic radiography, that was initially operated on with success. Later, after recurrence of clinical signs a second operation was performed that revealed local invasion of the tumor which was histologically identified as a benign, lymphoid thymoma. Serological data permitted us to attribute the lesions to a sub-acute ganglionary toxoplasmosis, contracted five months before any ocular localization. A treatment including local corticotherapy and oral pyrimethamine and sulfonamide was undertaken. Healing of the retinal lesions occurred slowly. A complete study of the patient's immunity revealed an important deficiency of cell-mediated functions. The problem of diagnosis of opportunistic chorioretinitis is discussed. In patients with impairment of cellular-type immunity, the following are commonly observed: herpes group viral diseases (including cytomegalic inclusion disease), fungus diseases (candida, aspergillus, mucormycosis, cryptococcus), and, rarely, toxoplasmosis. The presence of specific serum antibodies is the most important element in making a diagnosis, considering that the ophthalmoscopic appearance and clinical course may vary. PMID- 6534951 TI - [Tumors and pseudotumors of the pigment epithelium]. AB - Tumors and tumor-like lesions of the pigment epithelium of the iris, ciliary body, and retina are discussed with special emphasis on definitions and the various elements of help in the differential diagnosis. One of these lesions, hypertrophy of the retinal pigment epithelium, is classically described as non progressive. However, we report here 4 cases with documented progression of various forms. The etiology and physiopathologic considerations are discussed. Although most tumors and pseudotumors of the ocular pigment epithelium are benign, malignant forms and various non-malignant, but progressive types can occur. PMID- 6534952 TI - Relevance of job involvement and work involvement of managerial employees and blue-collar workers to their locus of control. PMID- 6534953 TI - Circadian rhythms in heart rate of shift and day workers. PMID- 6534954 TI - A psychophysical study of the effect of task variables on lifting and lowering tasks. PMID- 6534956 TI - Effects of clothing and humidity upon water vapor pressure of human skin and shirt surfaces. PMID- 6534955 TI - The effects of daytime exercise on night sleep. PMID- 6534958 TI - A study of continuous cranking motion. PMID- 6534957 TI - Convective and evaporative heat transfer coefficients of the persons in different activities. PMID- 6534959 TI - Telephoning behavior in developing countries: an attitude survey in Sri Lanka. PMID- 6534960 TI - Daily travel of Sundanese peasants in Indonesia: its relevance to work time. PMID- 6534961 TI - Heart rates during the daily activity of "Zen" priests. PMID- 6534962 TI - 3-D measurement by moire topography of protuberant line and median line courses on the back. PMID- 6534963 TI - [Treatment of ureteral obstruction by a double pig-tail catheter. Our experience]. AB - The authors' experience is based upon 39 patients treated for ureteric obstruction between March 1980 and March 1984. The obstruction was of neoplastic origin in 7 cases. In 5 cases the double pig tail catheter was inserted peroperatively as a urinary drainage method. The catheter was inserted endoscopically in 10 cases and percutaneously in 9 cases. In 15 cases a temporary or permanent nephrostomy was necessary. Indications and complications of the method are analysed and the results compared with those in the literature. PMID- 6534964 TI - [Treatment, by 192-iridium curietherapy, of epitheliomas of the penis. Apropos of 36 cases]. AB - Since 1975, 36 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the penis have been treated with 192 Iridium at the Centre Leon Berard: 17 T1 lesions, 18 T2 lesions and one T3 lesion. The tumor was less than 4 cm in diameter in 31 cases. Two patients presented with local recurrences after local excision and/or external beam irradiation with 60 Cobalt. In 32 patients followed for more than one year, the rate of local control was 84% (27/32). Five local failures were controlled by subsequent salvage surgery. The rate of severe complications is 25% (8/32): 2 urethral stenoses, 4 necroses, and 2 severe fibrosis. Conservation of a functional organ was possible in 72% of cases (23/32). Amputation was necessary in the 5 patients with lesions of more than 4 cm, because of local failure or painful complications. Ten patients had palpable inguinal lymph nodes, which were found to be involved in 4 cases. Three were controlled by combined radiotherapy and surgery. Among patients off any lymphadenopathy at the time of diagnosis, only one subsequently developed an inguinal metastasis which was controlled by radiotherapy and surgery. The disease-free survival rate was 81% at 3 years (22/27) and 75% at 5 years (12/16). Only one patient died of carcinoma. Curietherapy with 192 Iridium is very suitable treatment for cancers of the penis less than 4 cm in diameter. In most patients, the quality of life will be better than with primary surgical amputation, because sexual function is preserved. PMID- 6534965 TI - [Arteriovenous fistulae for periodic hemodialysis: a simple procedure for correcting distal complications of venous origin]. AB - A method is proposed for treatment of venous stasis responsible for edema and trophic disorders of the hand after side-to-side arteriovenous fistula at the wrist. A full lumen anastomosis is performed between the cephalic vein of the thumb (distal in relation to the fistula) and the superficial cubital vein, using a subcutaneous tunnel created on the dorsal surface of the wrist. Applied to 7 patients this procedure led to regression of edema, and only one case of thrombosis in the 2nd postoperative month. In the other 6 patients the newly formed anastomosis remained permeable when examined after a mean follow up of 3 years. PMID- 6534966 TI - Transactions of the Twelfth International Leprosy Congress. New Delhi, India, 20 25 February 1984. Abstracts. PMID- 6534967 TI - [Clinical study of lumbar spinal canal stenosis on 70 operated cases --clinical symptoms, pathogenesis, operative method, postoperative results]. AB - In surgical treatment of lumbar spinal canal stenosis, the stenotic area related to the clinical symptoms was determined and the stenotic form and stenotic factors in this stenotic area were estimated before operation. The most appropriate decompression of the stenotic area was performed taking the stenotic form into consideration and retaining the spinous process and interspinous ligament. In cases of stenosis of the spinal canal, posterolateral decompression of the dural sheath was performed by means of resection of the medial edge of the bilateral inferior articular processes and the yellow ligaments. In cases of stenosis of the spinal canal associated with stenosis of the lateral recess, the root was decompressed by unroofing the lateral recess in addition to posterolateral decompression of the dural sheath. And in cases with stenosis of the lateral recess, the root in an affected area was decompressed. Neither operation on the intervertebral disc nor incision of the dural sheath was performed. After operation as described above, symptoms, operative findings and postoperative results were investigated in 70 cases which could be directly examined. In this paper we discuss the relationship between the symptoms and the stenotic area, stenotic forms and stenotic factors. When our postoperative results were compared with those of cases with extensive laminectomy, it was seen that none of the patients we treated had low back pain nor recurrence of intermittent claudication and that lessening of paralysis was sufficient. PMID- 6534968 TI - [Experimental study on free muscle transplantation--histological changes and functional recovery of transplanted muscles in relation to the duration of ischemia and denervation]. AB - The purpose of this study was to clarify the influence of temporary ischemia and denervation on the characteristics of transplanted muscles. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The rectus femoris brevis muscle of white rabbit was used. Under an operating microscope, this muscle was mobilized preserving its feeding vessels, and the innervating nerve was severed at 1 cm proximal to the entrance of the muscle. Six groups were made as follows. Group D: The severed nerve was left as it was. Group S: The nerve was sutured immediately after severance. No treatment was made on the feeding vessels. Group SI: The artery and vein were clamped for 1, 2, 3 and 4 hours (group SI-1, 2, 3 and 4) after nerve repair. The proximal and distal tendon were reattached to their original place in every group. Examination I: Transplanted muscles were examined histologically and histochemically from 48 hours to 6 months. Motor end-plate was one of the targets of observation. RESULTS: Main patho-histological changes observed on the muscle and motor end plates at one week were thought due to denervation, and the longer ischemic time caused more severe change in the group SI-3 and 4. Phagocytosis, destruction of muscle fibers and edema in the interstitial tissue were seen in these long ischemic time groups. A few motor end-plates in the group SI-3 and many of them in the group SI-4 were atrophic and their acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity was low. Reduced nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide-tetrazolium reductase (NADH TR) and phosphorylase activity were reduced in all groups at one week. At 3 weeks, muscle atrophy was pronounced and was found earlier in type II fibers than in type I as a result of denervation. Pathological changes such as elongation, atrophy or segmentation and low AChE activity were observed in the motor end plates of all groups at 3 and 6 weeks. These findings were more pronounced in the group SI-3 and 4. In all groups at 6 weeks, phosphorylase activity was found to be generally low but NADH-TR reaction stained a few regenerated muscle fibers. Although muscle atrophy was still observed at 9 weeks, recovery in size and shape and histochemical reaction was seen in all groups at this stage. These findings became more manifest at 15 weeks and almost normal appearance of muscle fibers was observed at 6 months. Interstitial connective tissue, however, increased, and necrotized muscle fibers were seen extensively in the group SI-3 and 4.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6534969 TI - Catecholamines in experimental spinal cord lesions associated with spinal arachnoiditis. AB - Catecholamines in the spinal cord and cerebrospinal fluid of dogs with arachnoiditis induced by cisternal kaolin injection were measured by radioenzymatic assay. The levels of noradrenaline in the gray matter of the cervical cord and the cerebrospinal fluid were highest in 1st week (mean values, 127.8 ng/g and 856.0 pg/ml), whereas those in the gray matter of the thoracic and thoracolumbar cord increased to 175.0 and 210.0 ng/g in average respectively in 12th week. The increase in the level of noradrenaline in the gray matter seemed to be related with degenerative cord lesions in almost all segments, while most segments with cavitation indicated low noradrenaline level. PMID- 6534970 TI - [Injury of ankle joint ligaments]. PMID- 6534971 TI - Neuromuscular plasticity following limb immobilization. AB - The effects of immobilization on the ultrastructure of the rat neuromuscular junction of type I and type II muscle fibres were studied both qualitatively and quantitatively. Muscle fibre areas were measured as well. The plantaris muscle was immobilized in a shortened position by applying a plaster cast for three weeks. Immobilized muscles were then compared to normal litter mates. Both type I and type II immobilized muscle fibres atrophied. Endplates from type II muscle fibres exhibited greater amounts of degeneration than type I endplates. Degeneration consisted of nerve terminal disruption, exposed junctional folds, postsynaptic areas which contained little or no postjunctional folds, and subjunctional sarcoplasmic masses. In addition to degeneration, the type II endplates also exhibited regeneration in the same endplate consisting of small terminals associated with large expanses of junctional folds, several small terminals occurring within the same primary synaptic cleft, and several axons wrapped by the same Schwann cell. These observations suggest terminal axonal regeneration. Our results demonstrate that limb immobilization produces muscle atrophy as well as denervation-like changes at the neuromuscular junctions which leads to terminal axonal sprouting and an ultrastructural remodelling. PMID- 6534972 TI - The influence of distal environment on peripheral nerve regeneration across a gap. AB - Adult mice were divided into groups, all of which had the right sciatic nerve cut. In some groups, both the proximal and distal stumps were put into a plastic tube after various manipulations, while in other groups one or other stump was left out. Observations following survival periods of between 15 and 60 days showed that successful regeneration took place only in animals in which both proximal and distal stumps were present in the plastic tube and providing the cut ends of both stumps were facing each other. If the distal stumps were excluded from the tube or bent through 180 degrees, regeneration occurred initially, but was eventually ineffective. If the distal stump alone was inserted in the tube, a proliferation of Schwann cells, fibroblasts and regularly aligned collagen occurred. These findings support the hypothesis that the distal stump is essential for successful regeneration, but that in order to enhance it, the peripheral segment must be perfectly aligned with the proximal stump within the tube. Reasons for the necessity of such an alignment are discussed. PMID- 6534974 TI - Distribution of sympathetic nerve endings within the rabbit carotid body: a histochemical and ultrastructural study. AB - The distribution of sympathetic (noradrenergic) nerves within the rabbit carotid body was investigated by fluorescence microscopy and electron microscopy. With the Falck-Hillarp method, fluorescent nerve fibres were found associated with blood vessels and type I/type II cell groups. After the injection of 6 hydroxydopamine, degenerating nerve profiles were found near blood vessels, near type I/type II cell groups and in contact with type II cells. Following the administration of [3H]noradrenaline, labelled nerve profiles were observed in close association with blood vessels and around cell groups; a few labelled nerve profiles were observed in contact with type II cells. With a modified chromaffin method, chromaffin nerve profiles were found around blood vessels, around type I/type II cell groups and their sensory nerve supply and in contact with type II cells. It was shown that for about one-third of the chromaffin nerve profiles, the nearest structure (in the plane of section) was a type I/type II cell group. Furthermore, the mean distance between chromaffin nerve profiles and blood vessels and between chromaffin nerve profiles and type I/type II cell groups was about the same (2.2 microns and 2.7 microns respectively). These results suggest that the carotid body sympathetic innervation might have, in addition to its vasomotor function, a direct action on the chemosensory structures. This hypothesis is discussed in the light of currently available physiological data and a comparison is made with the role of the sympathetic innervation in other sensory systems. PMID- 6534973 TI - Nodes of Ranvier and Schmidt-Lanterman incisures: an in vivo lanthanum tracer study. AB - The permeability of the tight junctional system of myelin, at the juxtanodal myelin terminal loops and Schmidt-Lanterman incisures, was investigated using the ionic tracer lanthanum (a) in vivo followed by fixation, (b) concurrently with fixation, (c) following fixation. Employing the same methods the juxtanodal membrane complex formed between myelin loops and axolemma was also tested. The results of this study demonstrate that the periaxonal space (between axon and Schwann cell) is apparently accessible to lanthanum via the myelin loop-axolemmal junction, irrespective of the mode of exposure of myelinated fibres to the tracer. Similarly, the tight junctions between adjacent myelin terminal loops apparently do not prevent lanthanum penetration either in living or in fixed nerves. By contrast the tracer obtained access to the extracellular space within incisures only in vivo. The results are interpreted in terms of the permeability of nodes and incisures in vivo to physiologically important ions and related to current concepts of the electrophysiology of the myelinated nerve fibre. PMID- 6534975 TI - New X-ray spacings from central myelinated tissue. AB - New X-ray reflections have been detected from myelinated tissue of the mammalian C.N.S. Diffraction patterns from unfixed optic nerves of mouse, rat, guinea-pig and rabbit, and unfixed corpus callosum of calf were recorded during X-ray exposures of 1-6 days. The equatorial pattern was typical of lamellar myelin of the C.N.S.; however, the meridional pattern showed new features: a strong, sharp intensity maximum at 30.4 +/- 0.4 A (N = 11) spacing, and a weak, diffuse ring centered at 11.0 +/- 0.5 A (N = 5) spacing. The 30.4 A reflection was neither strictly arced like the equatorial reflections from lamellar myelin nor fully horizontal. Since the 30.4 A meridional reflection was not observed in patterns from myelinated nerve of the P.N.S., we suggest that this diffraction comes from the radial component, or interlamellar tight junctions, which is unique to mammalian C.N.S. myelinated tissue. The diffuse ring at 11.0 A probably comes from myelin protein. PMID- 6534976 TI - Presence of an osmiophilic feltwork distinct from the Golgi apparatus in spinal ganglion cells of the rat. AB - Rat dorsal root ganglia were osmicated for 48 h at 42 degrees C in a 2% unbuffered aqueous solution of osmium tetroxide. In addition to the osmiophilic cis-element of the Golgi apparatus, the osmium stained a cytoplasmic structure which, although present in the perikaryon of all ganglionic neurons, was well developed in type B1 cells. In photographic stereopairs of 1-2 microns thick sections examined with the electron microscope at 100 kV, these osmiophilic elements appeared as long, wavy thread-like elements with fusiform enlargements. Their average diameter was smaller than that of the thinner cisternae of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum. Occasionally branched, these osmiophilic structures were oriented in all directions of space. When examined in 1.5-7 microns thick sections with a high voltage electron microscope, they formed an osmiophilic feltwork which extended from the juxtanuclear to the subplasmalemmal regions of the perikaryon. It was not connected with the osmiophilic cis-element of the Golgi apparatus. In sections of glutaraldehyde-fixed tissues impregnated with the double impregnation technique or postfixed with reduced osmium, the osmiophilic tubules were clearly distinguished from microtubules, cisternae of endoplasmic reticulum or endocytic structures. PMID- 6534977 TI - The effects of temperature and light on particles associated with crayfish visual membrane: a freeze-fracture analysis and electrophysiological study. AB - Depending on the pre-experimental treatment, densities as well as sizes of particles associated with the visual membranes in the eyes of Procambarus clarkii varied. The highest mean particle density (5268 +/- 969 microns -2) and the smallest mean particle diameter (5.57 +/- 1.35 nm) were found in crayfish which had been kept in the dark for 10 weeks in aerated fresh water of 10 degrees C. Crayfish kept under a 12 h dark/light regime in water of 10 degrees C or 30 degrees C for three weeks displayed particle densities of 1076 +/- 180 and 2899 +/- 249 microns -2, respectively; particle diameters were of the order of 8 nm. Temperature did not alter the shape or the slope of the V/log I curves, but ERG recordings show that maximum spectral sensitivity was shifted from lambda max = 560 nm in cold water crayfish (10 degrees C) to lambda max = 580 nm in crayfish from the 30 degrees C tank, and that the 10 degrees C curve was somewhat narrower than the 30 degrees C curve. It is suggested that the observed shift was caused by a combination of factors, of which the following may have played key roles: (1) The filter effect of screening pigment granules and other intracellular components such as vesicles, vacuoles, endoplasmic reticulum, and mitochondria, some of which were developed to a considerably greater extent in 30 degrees C material; (2) increased membrane fluidity due to higher temperature as well as the presence of photoproducts in the light, and the 'countermeasures' taken by the visual pigment molecules to stabilize the lipid bilayer, e.g. higher density, possible 12-s-cis linkages etc.; and (3) increased regeneration or synthesis of rhodopsin due to higher metabolic activity of retinula cells at higher temperatures. Temperature-induced changes of visual pigments in a variety of organisms are discussed and evidence for the rhodopsin-aggregate model of crayfish visual pigment is presented. It is concluded that the retinula cytoplasm is involved in restoring depleted stocks of photopigment, and that the biological sense of possessing an increase in red sensitivity during the warm summer months lies in the correlation of light penetration in the natural habitat of P. clarkii and optimal exploitation of the habitat. PMID- 6534978 TI - Effects of neonatal transection on glial cell development in the rat optic nerve: evidence that the oligodendrocyte-type 2 astrocyte cell lineage depends on axons for its survival. AB - We have previously provided evidence that the rat optic nerve contains three types of macroglial cells that develop as two distinct lineages: one lineage comprises type 1 astrocytes, which develop before birth, while the other comprises oligodendrocytes and type 2 astrocytes, which develop after birth from a common, bipotential glial progenitor cell. In the present study we have examined the influence of axons on the development of these two glial cell lineages by cutting the optic nerve at birth so that the retinal ganglion cell axons in the nerve degenerate. Using antibodies to distinguish the different types of glial cells in suspensions and semithin frozen sections of cut and uncut optic nerves, we show that neonatal transection results in a striking decrease in the total number of oligodendrocytes, type 2 astrocytes and their progenitor cells but has much less effect on the number of type 1 astrocytes. Since the [3H]thymidine labelling indices of oligodendrocytes and their progenitor cells were not significantly decreased in cut nerves, our results suggest that the progenitor cells and/or their progeny die in large numbers following neonatal nerve transection. We conclude that axons are required for the survival of cells of the oligodendrocyte-type 2 astrocyte lineage, at least during postnatal development. PMID- 6534979 TI - NMR imaging of the cranio-cervical junction and cervical spine. Normal and pathological features. PMID- 6534980 TI - Nuclear magnetic resonance in the diagnosis of syringomyelia. PMID- 6534981 TI - NMR imaging of acoustic neurinoma. PMID- 6534982 TI - Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging of facial structures. PMID- 6534983 TI - Application of NMR imaging to pathological processes of the sphenoidal region. A study based on 41 cases. PMID- 6534984 TI - Contribution of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) imaging to the diagnosis of non traumatic neurosurgical diseases. PMID- 6534985 TI - Nuclear magnetic resonance: first results in multiple sclerosis. PMID- 6534986 TI - Myelographic features of the normal external spinal veins. PMID- 6534987 TI - Water-soluble myelography for the study of dural arteriovenous fistulae of the spine draining in the spinal venous system. PMID- 6534988 TI - Developmental anomalies of the lung in Nigerian children. AB - Five cases of developmental lung anomalies occurring in Nigerian children are reported; three were congenital lobar emphysema while two were scimitar syndromes. The radiological features demonstrated in each case effectively excluded the common causes of pulmonary disorders. Three patients were treated surgically with successful results in two. We believe that an increased awareness in our tropical setting would result in improved detection of these treatable but rare conditions. PMID- 6534989 TI - Field trial of a heat-stable measles vaccine in Papua New Guinea. AB - In Papua New Guinea, consideration has been given to the introduction of measles vaccination, and a trial was conducted to determine the optimum age for vaccination and the suitability of a heat-stable measles vaccine (Rimevax) for countrywide use. As much of the vaccination programme is carried out by MCH teams on foot patrols, the trial was designed to determine immunogenicity of the vaccine after being transported and used for a week in a standard issue vaccine Esky by MCH staff. A study of the relevant literature having indicated 9 months as the probable best minimum age for measles vaccination, younger children were not included. The study was carried out on 313 infants and children aged nine to 24 months. An overall seroconversion rate of 96.6% was achieved using initially potent vaccine kept under field conditions for up to 102h. Ninety-seven percent of the vaccinees less than 11 months and 15 days of age seroconverted, as did all 15 children who were less than 70% of the Harvard standard weight for age. All 35 children who had seroconverted and who were retested six months after vaccination had detectable measles antibodies in their serum. Parental recollection of past measles infection was found unreliable as was reporting of post-vaccination reactions by parental recall since the incidence of reported 'reactions' in initially seronegative and seropositive vaccinees were similar. It is concluded that use of this heat-stable vaccine is possible with existing cold chain facilities in PNG and that infants can be vaccinated from the age of 9 months. PMID- 6534990 TI - Infections with the hepatitis B virus associated delta agent in an isolated West African community. AB - The occurrence of delta agent (delta) infection in the native population of the isolated Gbawein and Wroughbarh Clan region of Grand Bassa County, Liberia was studied. Sera of 97 patients with epilepsy, 73 non-epileptic relatives, and 31 non-epileptic control subjects were tested for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen (anti-HBs) and antibody to delta antigen (anti-delta). Of the 201 individuals tested 76 (37.8%) were HBsAg positive; the overall infection rate (HBsAg and anti-HBs positives) was 68.7%. No correlation with clinical disease could be established. Markers of delta infection were detected in seven index cases. All subjects with anti-delta were HBsAg positive except one, who was anti-HBs positive with a low titre of anti delta (less than 1:10(2)), which is indicative of a recent delta infection. Mothers of six delta infected index cases were available for testing, one was found HBsAg and anti-delta positive, while the other five were anti-HBs positive and anti-delta negative. No delta infections occurred in children of HBV negative mothers. Presence of delta markers varied significantly (P less than 0.02) among HBsAg carriers of the Kpelle (18%) and the Bassa (2%) language group. A comparable difference in delta markers was observed among HBsAg carriers of the Gbawein (17%) and the Wroughbarh (4%) clans. PMID- 6534991 TI - Cytotoxic effects of polymorphonuclear leukocytes and macrophages in patients undergoing lymph depletion via thoracic duct drainage. AB - It has been previously reported that both human peripheral blood monocyte derived macrophages and polymorphonuclear leukocytes acquire enhanced cytotoxicity for tumor cells. Lymphocyte depletion by thoracic duct cannulation prior to renal transplantation has been shown to suppress allograft rejection. However, the effects of thoracic duct drainage on macrophage and polymorphonuclear leukocyte function is not known. When the macrophages obtained from thoracic duct drainage patients were studied prior to cannulation, four of the five patients possessed cytotoxic macrophages. At 1 to 2 weeks post thoracic duct drainage, cytotoxicity was significantly depressed whereas by 3 weeks post thoracic duct cannulation most of the patients' macrophages exhibited maximal cytotoxicity. Approximately 3 1/2 weeks after cannulation these five patients received cadaveric renal transplants. The cytotoxic effects of the macrophages were tested again after transplantation and it was found that the macrophages became incapable of killing the tumor targets. In contrast to our findings with macrophage mediated cytotoxicity, the polymorphonuclear leukocytes generally retained their cytotoxic capabilities at all time points tested. However, it was noted that cytotoxic activity reached maximal levels within the first 3 weeks after cannulation but fell to low cytotoxic levels at approximately 4 to 5 weeks after cannulation. When tested several months post cannulation and transplantation, polymorphonuclear leukocyte mediated cytotoxicity increased dramatically in four of the five patients studied. PMID- 6534992 TI - The electric net trap for the venomous snake, Habu, Trimeresurus flavoviridis. AB - The electric net trap made of 3 rows of polyethylene net fence with the high voltage electric pulse was examined in the field for capturing the venomous snake, Trimeresurus flavoviridis. The bottom of the center row of the net fence was buried in the ground and that of other two outer rows was partially free from the ground so that snakes were allowed to invade one way into the spaces at both sides of the center net. The examination using a 90 m net trap set for 116 days resulted in the capture of 44 snakes, i.e., 7 T. flavoviridis, 7 Dinodon semicarinatus and 33 Opheodrys semicarinatus, of which the latter two were nonvenomous. The result indicated that the net trap was an efficient tool for capturing snakes and in identifying the direction of snake movement. In the other studies conducted in 1982 and 1983, a 178.5 m net trap was set at a part of a 2,000 m electric net barrier, which surrounded a 12.8 ha sugar cane field and thereby prevented snake invasion. The number of venomous snakes captured by the inner net trap was remarkably reduced from 13 in 1982 to 0 in 1983, in contrast to 8 and 9, respectively, observed in the outer trap. The decrease of snake population was also observed in 100 box traps baited with a live rat set inside the enclosed area. The ratio of immature snakes captured by the net trap was significantly higher than that by the box trap.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6534993 TI - [Special communication 1. On brain swelling in forensic autopsy]. PMID- 6534994 TI - [Special communication 3. Blood typing of medico-legal materials--the present status and the countermeasures]. PMID- 6534995 TI - [Symposium I: Determination of death]. PMID- 6534996 TI - [Symposium II: Problems in paternity testing]. PMID- 6534997 TI - [Mechanism of hyperdynamic pulmonary edema in comparison with hemodynamic and oleic acid edema]. PMID- 6534998 TI - [Effect of acute re-expansion of the unilaterally collapsed lung on the lung water content and pulmonary circulation in dogs]. PMID- 6535000 TI - [High altitude pulmonary edema and neurogenic pulmonary edema]. PMID- 6534999 TI - [Tracheal fluid analysis in advanced pulmonary edema in dogs and its role in pulmonary fluid physiology]. PMID- 6535001 TI - [Clinical study of high altitude pulmonary edema, and hypobaria- and hypoxia induced lung injury in awake sheep]. PMID- 6535002 TI - [Mathematical formulation of an experimental high altitude pulmonary edema model]. PMID- 6535003 TI - [High altitude pulmonary edema in the Khumbu area of Nepal and its developmental mechanisms]. PMID- 6535004 TI - [Analysis of peripheral lymphocyte subsets in patients with diffuse panbronchiolitis]. PMID- 6535005 TI - [Peripheral pulmonary artery findings on magnified peripheral pulmonary wedge angiography in chronic pulmonary disease]. PMID- 6535006 TI - [Diagnosis of pulmonary infiltrate in hematologic disorders--with special reference to transbronchial lung biopsy]. PMID- 6535007 TI - [A case of a congenital left pericardial defect associated with bilateral bullous emphysema]. PMID- 6535008 TI - [A case of pulmonary mucormycosis in a diabetic patient successfully treated by lobectomy]. PMID- 6535009 TI - [An autopsied case of pulmonary asbestosis with bilateral pleuritis]. PMID- 6535010 TI - [A case of pulmonary alveolar proteinosis associated with pulmonary tuberculosis]. PMID- 6535011 TI - [A case of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma with pyothorax]. PMID- 6535012 TI - [Preparation of monoclonal antibodies against bladder neoplasms and their application in therapy]. PMID- 6535013 TI - [In-vitro cancer cell growth regulation by fibroblasts, with special reference to the relationship with fibroblast aging]. PMID- 6535014 TI - [Defense mechanism of the bladder against infections]. PMID- 6535015 TI - [Superficial bladder neoplasms]. PMID- 6535016 TI - [Pathogenesis of urolithiasis]. PMID- 6535017 TI - [Re-evaluation of prophylaxis of postoperative infection]. PMID- 6535018 TI - [A study of serum immunosuppressive acidic protein levels in germinal testicular cancers]. PMID- 6535019 TI - [Ultrastructural classification of tumors of the urinary bladder. Its correlation to clinical course and morphological features under light microscopy]. PMID- 6535020 TI - [Long-term follow-up of patients with cervical cord injuries under varied urinary management during the acute phase]. PMID- 6535021 TI - [Treatment of established human renal cell carcinoma heterotransplanted in nude mice. 2. Experimental chemosensitivity of anticancer agents]. PMID- 6535022 TI - [Urinary diversion: review of 100 cases]. PMID- 6535023 TI - [Long-term results of tubeless cutaneous ureterostomy]. PMID- 6535024 TI - [Electron microscopic studies on histogenesis of testicular tumor. 1. Electron microscopic observations of spermatocytic seminoma]. PMID- 6535025 TI - [Study of the development of human fetal kidney: relevance of tubular basement membrane to the formation and development of the nephron]. PMID- 6535026 TI - [Electrophoretic and ultrastructural analysis of the striated external urethral sphincter of rabbits]. PMID- 6535027 TI - [Morphological changes of the renal cortex in hydronephrosis after release of obstruction]. PMID- 6535028 TI - [Clinical and hemodynamic evaluation of post-infarct heart aneurysms. Indications and results in aneurysmectomy]. PMID- 6535029 TI - [Effect of intravenous propranolol on resting and post-exercise left ventricular contraction in patients with coronary disease]. PMID- 6535030 TI - [Long-term follow-up of children and adolescents with Eisenmenger complex and primary pulmonary hypertension]. PMID- 6535031 TI - [Factors affecting the continuity of hypertension therapy in an urban environment. II. Diagnosis of hypertension and its relation to current treatment]. PMID- 6535032 TI - [Role of fear in patients after myocardial infarction in the development of differences between a subjective and clinical evaluation of their working capacity]. PMID- 6535033 TI - [Case of implantation of the bicuspid St. Jude Medical valve for replacing the hemodynamically inefficient Starr-Edwards ball-type valve in a patient with aortic valve stenosis]. PMID- 6535034 TI - [Electrophysiological characteristics of the bundle of Kent]. PMID- 6535035 TI - [Ventriculo-atrial conduction in patients with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome]. PMID- 6535037 TI - [Coronary disease in hypothyroidism]. PMID- 6535036 TI - [Stenosis of the trunk of the left coronary artery]. PMID- 6535038 TI - [Factors related to the continuity of treatment of arterial hypertension in an urban environment: III. Health, social and systemic correlations in arterial hypertension]. PMID- 6535039 TI - [Changes in selected parameters of mechanical tensile strength of preserved aortic valves and the aortic wall]. PMID- 6535040 TI - [Ventriculo-atrial conduction in a patient with type A WPW syndrome studied by transesophageal left-ventricular stimulation]. PMID- 6535041 TI - [Wenckebach's period between the electrode of the transesophageal stimulator and left atrium in a patient with recurrent atrial flutter]. PMID- 6535042 TI - [Methodological basis of the control of implanted electric cardiac stimulators]. PMID- 6535043 TI - [Sino-ventricular conduction in hyperkalemia]. PMID- 6535044 TI - Effect of moderate diet enrichment with essential unsaturated fatty acids (EFA) on lipid metabolism parameters and blood pressure. PMID- 6535045 TI - Treatment of cerebral ischaemic syndrome by microneurosurgical anastomosis of the superficial temporal artery to the cortical branch of the middle cerebral artery. PMID- 6535046 TI - Hydatid cyst of the kidney presenting as echinococcuria of over 43 years duration. PMID- 6535047 TI - Transitional cell carcinoma of ureter--case report. PMID- 6535048 TI - Treatment of taeniasis and hymenolepiasis nana with a single oral dose of praziquantel. Study of therapeutic efficacy, tolerance and safety. PMID- 6535049 TI - Pharmacological actions of diethylcarbamazine citrate (DECC) on the isolated rabbit tracheal chain and atria. PMID- 6535050 TI - Blood levels of certain vitamins in patients with chronic pancreatitis. Effect of substitutive treatment with pancreatic extracts. PMID- 6535051 TI - Changes of aldolase and pyruvate kinase isoenzymes during liver cirrhosis induction with carbon tetrachloride and 2-acetylamino-fluorene. PMID- 6535052 TI - Sodium salicylate effect on the morphological and ultrastructural pattern of rat hepatocytes. PMID- 6535053 TI - [Antiviral activity of remantadine evaluated by a pathomorphological study of the lungs of mice infected by influenza virus]. PMID- 6535054 TI - [Polyethylene glycol-fractionated calf serum and its use in studies on rubella virus]. PMID- 6535055 TI - [Effect of gamma radiation on glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity in the erythrocytes of healthy persons after submaximal physical exertion]. AB - The authors studied effects of gamma radiation and submaximal physical exercise on G6P-DH activity in healthy men erythrocytes. Twelve men aged 20-22 were examined. They were loaded by physical exercise (at doses of 2 W/kg body weight) for 15 minutes. Erythrocytes were exposed to gamma radiation (500 Gy doses) from 60Co source. The activity of G6P-DH in erythrocytes was estimated by Boehringer Mannheim test. Gamma radiation at 500 Gy dose was found to inhibit G6P-DH enzymatic activity in erythrocytes both at rest and after submaximal physical exercise. Furthermore, submaximal physical exercise was indicated to increase the G6P-DH activity in irradiated erythrocytes. PMID- 6535056 TI - [Activity of various urinary enzymes in workers engaged in the production of polychlorinated pesticides]. AB - In 44 workers of a chemical plant producing chlorinated hydrocarbon pesticides, protein concentration and activity of acid phosphatase, lactic dehydrogenase and aspartate and alanine aminotransferase in urine were estimated. Protein concentration and activity of all test enzymes were significantly higher as compared to controls: the serum creatinine and uric acid concentration was normal in all examined persons. PMID- 6535057 TI - [Chronic bronchitis in textile industry workers in Lodz]. AB - Within the cross-sectional representative study of textile workers' health the prevalence of chronic bronchitis was evaluated. In addition, the impact of working conditions, sex, age and smoking habit was assessed. Chronic bronchitis was found in 4.2% of subjects. Among the factors affecting the prevalence of bronchitis the smoking habit predominated. No significant effect of sex and dustiness in the working environment was noted. PMID- 6535058 TI - [Prospective evaluation of occupational risk]. AB - The paper presents the risk of life-loss at work due to ionizing radiation, as compared to work in other professions. Average life-expectancy loss in exposure to ionizing radiation, mean annual dose of 0,5 radium, comes to 12 days, whereas in other industries life-expectancy reduction comes to 500 days. PMID- 6535059 TI - [Occupational hazards of chemical carcinogens]. AB - The paper presents current problems resulting from evaluation of occupational risk of chemical carcinogens in national economy. In addition, conditions and activities facilitating actual evaluation of exposure, i.e. one of indirect purposes of the control program of work-induced cancer, undertaken within the Government Program PR-6 "Cancer Control", the problem "Work Environment Cancerogenesis", have been indicated. The numbers of those occupationally exposed to specific carcinogens, estimated basing on the data from sanitary epidemiological stations, demonstrated great differences in professional preparation and technological capabilities of regional supervision authorities in the field concerned. PMID- 6535060 TI - [Incidence of urinary tract diseases among workers in the Masovian Refining and Petrochemical Plants in Plock 1978-1981]. AB - The studies were aimed at estimation of the incidence rate of genito-urinary tract diseases among employees of the Mazovian Refining and Petrochemical Plants in Plock. In 1978-1981, 873 employees were examined, including 244 females and 629 males. Most of them, namely 572 (65%), were employed in those plants for more than 5 years. In 190 persons (21.8%) either history of urologic diseases (41 persons) or current diseases (149 persons) were found. The incidence rate of genito-urinary tract diseases was similar to that observed in general population. The studies are continued. PMID- 6535061 TI - [Results of examination of the reproductive organs of female workers in the textile industry]. AB - 595 women, knitting-industry workers, were examined. This number constituted 47% of all employees of the knitting plant. 125 of those women were pregnant. Among non-pregnant women 35% exhibited reproductive organ pathologies. Of pregnant women 61% exhibited pregnancy complications. The prevalent pathologies of reproductive organs were uterine cervix erosion--37.8%, vaginitis--23.9%, and menstruation disturbances--12.8%. Of pregnancy complications anaemia--47.8%, early gestoses--27.8%, and vaginitis--6.6% prevailed. The working women indicated a statistically significant dependence between the posture at work and prevalence of gynecopathies. Most pathologies affected women walking at work, whereas, least pathologies were observed in those working at sitting posture. PMID- 6535063 TI - Nebraska Symposium on Motivation 1984: Psychology and gender. PMID- 6535062 TI - [Analysis of dental health services at selected large industrial plants]. AB - The study was based on the results of dental epidemiological investigation and questionnaires obtained from four selected industrial plants, as well as on the data provided by the chief province dental officers. Analysis of available data indicated that organization of industrial dental service is not successful, despite better manpower and equipment conditions than in the general dental service. The system of industrial dental service provides neither adequate dental care nor specific prevention connected with the work environment. The low efficiency of dental health service in the test factories seems to be representative, in general, for the dental health service in large industrial plants throughout the country. PMID- 6535064 TI - Personality traits and monoamine oxidase activity in platelets in depressed patients. AB - Personality characteristics and platelet monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity have been assessed in 143 depressed patients of both sexes (60 males and 83 females) in the age range 21-65 years (mean age 44.8 +/- 12.8, SD), the personality inventory being completed by the patients when recovered, or at least markedly improved from the depressive disorder. In line with previous studies, a significant negative correlation between MAO activity and the variables, impulsivity and monotony avoidance, was found in the whole series. A significant negative correlation between MAO activities and the traits reflecting verbal aggression and irritability was also found. A separate analysis showed that those correlations hold true for female but not for male patients. PMID- 6535065 TI - Stressful life events and schizophrenia. Relation to illness onset and family history. AB - The occurrence of stressful life events in relation to illness onset and family history of schizophrenia was assessed in 52 chronic schizophrenic patients. Severe or extreme premorbid stress was present in 15.4% of the patients. 'Low stress' patients were indistinguishable from 'high stress' patients with respect to the familial rate of schizophrenia and other 'spectrum' disorders. PMID- 6535066 TI - Sleep and breathing in sleep in children with breath-holding spells. AB - Sleep recordings were obtained in 21 children with breath-holding spells to investigate the possible existence of breathing disorders in sleep. Sleep recordings revealed an increased amount of wake time within sleep and sleep stage 1, and decreased amounts of stages 2 and REM. None of the children had more than 20 apneic episodes during sleep. These findings support the hypothesis that breath-holding spells are a functional disturbance of psychological nature only. PMID- 6535067 TI - Information processing and benzodiazepines. AB - The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of two selected benzodiazepines on aspects of information processing. The theoretical framework chosen was the 'levels of processing' model by Craik and Lockhart [J. verbal Learn. verbal Behav. 11: 671-684, 1972] modified so as to permit storage strategies to be assessed directly as dependent variables. A double-blind study with 72 healthy male volunteers was used to investigate the effects of clobazam and lorazepam in comparison to placebo on storage strategies, different variables of retrieval and the extent to which storage and retrieval strategies agreed. Concentration and changes in mood were also determined. Neither clobazam nor lorazepam affected the storage strategies, but various aspects of retrieval were significantly impaired by both drugs. Thus the psychotropic agents selected do not influence the information process until after the first storage processes. One possible explanation for this retrieval deficit could be a decreased ability to develop or use a retrieval strategy which complies with the storage strategy developed. Furthermore, both substances affected mood. In addition, lorazepam led to significant impairment of concentration. This impairment of concentration is perhaps the reason why lorazepam impairs the information process to a greater extent than clobazam. PMID- 6535068 TI - Electrophysiological (CNV) analysis of personality traits under stress. AB - Contingent negative variation (CNV) recordings were performed in 55 healthy volunteers under stress condition (experimentally induced pain). A total of 20 subjects were included in the control group (no painful administration). In the tested group (n = 35) the painful stimulus was delivered before S1, between S2 and S1, and before S2. In the control group there were no changes in CNV parameters. Conversely, among the tested group a positive correlation was found between CNV values (whenever the painful stimulus was administered before S1 as well as before S2) and the highest scores in the State Trait Anxiety Inventory X 2 test. In addition, all individuals displayed the appearance of a positive deflection with a latency of about 300 ms from S2 when the experimental stress was given before S2. Furthermore, the postimperative negative variation (PINV) appeared in 13 out of 35 subjects. There was a strong correlation between the latter electrophysiological phenomenon and the Nowlis test. Our findings suggest that CNV study is useful for the investigation of personality traits in human beings under stress conditions. PMID- 6535070 TI - [Central venous catheterization]. PMID- 6535069 TI - Determinants of chlormethiazole-induced EEG effects in chronic alcoholics. AB - At beginning and end of hospital treatment with chlormethiazole (Distraneurin), the EEGs of 41 male alcoholics were analyzed, employing spectral analysis and Hjorth's parameters. Hierarchical regression analysis of selected data showed significant influence of hallucinations and/or personality deterioration on chlormethiazole-induced EEG effects, especially at the beginning of treatment. PMID- 6535071 TI - [Fixed mydriasis in hemorrhagic shock treated with dopamine]. PMID- 6535072 TI - [Usefulness of bacteriological monitoring in an intensive care center]. PMID- 6535073 TI - [Therapeutic problems in quinine poisoning. A clinical case]. PMID- 6535074 TI - [Incident pain from collapsed vertebrae in the menopause. The logical principle of our therapeutic protocol]. PMID- 6535075 TI - [Buprenorphine vs pentazocine in treating postoperative pain in gynecological surgery]. PMID- 6535077 TI - [Histopathology of endometrial hyperplasia]. PMID- 6535076 TI - [Perfusion of the peridural, peri- and subarachnoid spaces: our experience with Infusaid and Mocavero capsules]. PMID- 6535078 TI - [Histopathology of endometrial cancer]. PMID- 6535080 TI - [Atypical ultrastructural changes in the cytoplasm and nuclei of hepatocytes in chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection]. PMID- 6535079 TI - [Occurrence and topography of intestinal metaplasia of gastric mucosa in patients with gastric and duodenal ulcers and in a control group]. PMID- 6535081 TI - [Pathomorphology of male gonad in liver cirrhosis]. PMID- 6535082 TI - [Evaluation of biocompatibility of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) in rabbits]. PMID- 6535083 TI - [Effect of nitrogen derivative of verrucarin E, VER-I, on biology and development of morphological, histochemical and histoenzymatic changes in experimental neoplasms in animals]. PMID- 6535085 TI - [Pathomorphology as a profession]. PMID- 6535084 TI - [Pathomorphology among various medical sciences]. PMID- 6535086 TI - [Examples of failures in forensic medicine]. PMID- 6535087 TI - [Granulomatous interstitial nephritis associated with glomerular changes in the IgA nephropathy type]. PMID- 6535088 TI - [Malignant melanoma in a child with extensive vascular nevus]. PMID- 6535089 TI - [HLA and rheumatoid purpura with or without nephropathy]. AB - HLA profile was determined in 121 caucasoid children with rheumatoid purpura: out of those 55 developed nephropathy, of variable severity. HLA A and B were studied in all children, DR in 87. HLA BW 35 was more frequently found in total group of rheumatoid purpura (28,9%) and especially in nephropathies: 38,2% vs 20,4% in controls. However the increase is not significative even in nephropathy. On the other hand BW 35-DR 4 association is significatively higher in rheumatoid purpura with or without nephropathy than in controls. Analysis of 3 families with 2 affected sibs and 7 families with 1 affected child does not show any linkage with HLA. Determination of HLA profile does not allow to predict that the disease will be complicated by a nephropathy. PMID- 6535090 TI - [Idiopathic syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone]. AB - The authors report a case of idiopathic, chronic inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (S I A D H) in a 31 months old boy. This inappropriate secretion of ADH was demonstrated by three water tolerance tests and by the bioassays of ADH in urine. These findings were detected five months later suggesting chronic S I A D H. After a review of the literature the mechanism and the treatment of this disease are discussed. PMID- 6535091 TI - [Role and aspects of lymphography in juvenile chronic polyarthritis]. AB - The authors report two cases of Still's disease with unusual presentation, characterized by important paraaortic lymphatic nodes. The findings of the lymphography could not distinguish between Hodgkin's disease, lymphoma, or inflammatory hyperplasia. Lymphography is usually of little interest for the diagnostic of Still's disease. However the knowledge of such misleading aspects is important when unusual clinical manifestations lead to perform a lymphography. PMID- 6535092 TI - [Current aspects of brucellosis in children]. PMID- 6535093 TI - [Yersinia infections and cardiac involvement. Apropos of 2 cases of myocardial failure]. PMID- 6535094 TI - Temporal dynamics of associative interference and facilitation produced by visual context. PMID- 6535095 TI - Interference and facilitation in short-term memory for odors. PMID- 6535096 TI - Stimulus-based versus performance-based measurement of auditory backward recognition masking. PMID- 6535097 TI - Parameters of spectral/temporal fusion in speech perception. PMID- 6535098 TI - A harmonious note on pitch: scales of pitch derived from subtractive model of comparison agree with the musical scale. PMID- 6535099 TI - The effects of angle-arm length on judgments of angle magnitude and orientation contrast. PMID- 6535100 TI - A double-response paradigm to study stimulus intensity effects upon the motor system in simple reaction time experiments. PMID- 6535101 TI - Evidence for disparity change as the primary stimulus for stereoscopic processing. PMID- 6535102 TI - Absence of a redundant-signals effect in a reaction time task with divided attention. PMID- 6535103 TI - "Extinction" of the McCollough effect does not transfer interocularly. PMID- 6535104 TI - Some evidence for correlated separate activation in a simple letter-detection task. PMID- 6535106 TI - The method of transitions. PMID- 6535105 TI - Effects of the menstrual cycle on vibrotactile sensitivity. PMID- 6535107 TI - [Bacterial pneumonia among the cases of the phthisiopneumonologic clinic of the Silesian Medical Academy in Zabrze 1971-1982]. PMID- 6535108 TI - [Role of non-sporulating anaerobic bacteria in infections of the pleural cavity]. PMID- 6535109 TI - [Value of bronchofibroscopy in the bacteriological diagnosis of pneumonia. Description of the method and preliminary results]. PMID- 6535110 TI - [Diagnosis of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection in chronic respiratory tract diseases]. PMID- 6535111 TI - [The respiratory system in children aged 9-10 years from 3 areas differing in the degree of air pollution]. PMID- 6535112 TI - [Chronic respiratory tract diseases in workers in the wood-processing industry]. PMID- 6535113 TI - [Chronic nonspecific respiratory tract diseases in workers in automobile tire plants]. PMID- 6535114 TI - [Incidence of lung cancer in Katowice Province]. PMID- 6535115 TI - [Chronic nonspecific respiratory tract diseases among the adult population of Cracow]. PMID- 6535116 TI - [Prospective epidemiological studies on chronic bronchitis with regard to changes in the symptoms and ventilatory capacity of the lungs in men from one district of the city of Zabrze]. PMID- 6535117 TI - [Prospective epidemiological studies on chronic bronchitis with regard to changes in the symptoms and ventilatory capacity of the lungs in women from one district of the city of Zabrze]. PMID- 6535118 TI - [Changes in the symptoms of chronic bronchitis and ventilatory capacity of the lungs in women and men of Zabrze in prospective epidemiological studies]. PMID- 6535119 TI - [Chronic nonspecific respiratory tract diseases and mortality among the population of one district of the city of Zabrze in prospective epidemiological studies]. PMID- 6535120 TI - [Syncope in childhood]. AB - Syncope may be defined a sudden and transient loss of consciousness due to a reversible alteration of brain function. Three main groups of syncopes can be identified: cardiac, vascular and non-cardiovascular. All the patients (63) admitted to the emergency unit of Pediatric Clinic of the University of Padua from January 83 to July 84 and reporting one or more episodes of loss of consciousness were examined. Their age ranged from 1 month to 15 years. All the patients were investigated with the same study protocol: ECG, EEG, 24 hours ECG monitoring, routine blood examinations; other tests were done when needed. The cause of syncope was established in 53,8% of cases; for 6,3% of patients the cause was cardiac (arrhythmic), in 38% it was vascular (vasovagal syncope), in 6,3% it was non-cardiovascular (neurologic or metabolic). The cause of syncope was not identified in 46% of the patients, which is also in agreement with other studies. However, we were able, through the use of our protocol, to identify quickly and non invasively the etiology of the syncope in 25% of the patients. PMID- 6535121 TI - [Patency of ductus arteriosus in the premature newborn infant: diagnosis, complications, treatment]. AB - The authors consider the problem of patency of ductus arteriosus (P.D.A.) in pre term infants. On the basis of their own experience and reviewing international literature they discuss about mechanisms maintaining open ductus, incidence, methods of diagnosis, clinical findings and indomethacin therapy. Finally current indications for indomethacin use are discussed. PMID- 6535122 TI - [Abnormal left pulmonary artery: a cause of severe newborn cardiorespiratory insufficiency]. AB - Aberrant left pulmonary artery (vascular sling) indicates the vascular anomaly in where the left pulmonary artery arises from the right pulmonary artery, passes over the right mainstem bronchus, loops to the left and courses between the trachea and esophagus to the left hilus. Almost invariably respiratory symptoms result from compression of the trachea and right mainstem bronchus by the anomalous vessel as well as by associated tracheobronchial defects. A case is reported. The distinctive radiologic features include anterior indentation of the barium esophagogram and a characteristic pulmonary angiogram. Surgery is the only resolutive treatment for symptomatic patients, but results are often poor owing to associated intracardiac defects and intrinsic tracheobronchial anomalies. PMID- 6535123 TI - [Hepatic hemangiomatosis with congestive cardiac failure and development into a cholostatic hepatopathy]. AB - The authors describe a case of hepatic hemangiomathosis in a three months old infant with a clinical picture of multiple cutaneous hemangioma, epatomegaly and severe cardiac failure. The cardiac catheterization with selective angiography showed extensive communication between the mammary artery and the hepatic circulation with the presence of large bloody areas into the markedly enlarged liver. The medical treatment with digitalis, diuretics, and corticosteroids obtained rapid resolution of the cardiac failure and of the A-V fistula signs. A clinical picture of severe liver cholostatic disease developed few months later which was confirmed by histological examination. The subsequent course has been favorable with complete clinical resolution of the liver disease. PMID- 6535124 TI - [Intestinal flora in children with celiac disease]. AB - The variations of duodeno-jejunal bacterial flora are evaluated. 26 celiac children aged 2 to 7 years were divided in three groups. First group: 8 children in active phase of disease on a free diet; Second group: 10 children kept since one year on a gluten-free diet; Third group: 8 children challenged with gluten for some months. As the same time of the jejunal biopsy, a sample of duodenal juice was obtained for bacteriological examination; for this purpose were used the following culture media: Fluid thioglycollate medium (FTM), Blood-agar, Bile Esculin Azide Agar (BEAA), SF, selective for enterococcus, and MacConkey Agar. The results are: The number of bacterias in the first and third group is significantly higher (p less than 0.001 and p less than 0.05 respectively) than the second group with normal intestinal mucosa. Particular variations in bacteriological species in the three groups are not demonstrated. The excessive growth of bacterias in active phase of celiac disease could worse the absorption of lipids, vitamins, iron, and others substances and it could facilitate the local inflammatory processes in the small intestine. PMID- 6535125 TI - [Pulmonary volume and flows in asthmatic children in therapy with prompt and delayed-action theophylline: preliminary report]. AB - 12 asthmatic children, suffering from frequent asthma (Ekwo-Weiberger classification), were studied; 3 groups were selected: A group: without therapy. B group: treated with plain theophylline. C group: treated with SR theophylline. Adequate serum theophylline levels were obtained in B and C group. Every child underwent then body plethysmography (Fenyves and Gutt's Pulmostar apparatus) before and after inhaling Albuterol through IPPB apparatus. We matched the different performances provided by the subjects of the various groups and compared them with the ones of a D group of healty subjects (pollinosics out of the exposure season). The indexes of pulmonary statics, and particularly TV and RV (as well as FRC) point out a better effect of plain theophylline vs. SR theophylline. Similar impression was done examining the conductances and the volume/flow curve, referring particularly to MMEF and V 0.50 TV. Further pharmacokinetic, clinical and spirometric studies are therefore necessary to confirm that the use of SR theophylline nowadays available in Italy is as successful as plain theophylline in long-term prophylaxis of children asthma. PMID- 6535126 TI - [Chronic asthma in children: comparison between a delayed-action theophylline preparation and a prompt-release aminophylline preparation]. AB - Data from 34 patients were included in the analysis of this open group comparative study comparing a controlled release theophylline given twice daily with immediate release aminophylline given four times daily. The treatment period was of eight weeks duration. There was no significant difference between treatments in clinical assessments of asthma severity or pulmonary function tests. Similarly there were no significant differences between treatments in diary card assessments of asthma symptoms or PERF. Serum theophylline levels were measured prior to the morning dose of test treatment and 2 or 5 hours later, respectively for patients taking immediate release (IR) or controlled release (CR) preparations, at each clinic visit. There was no significant difference between treatments in serum theophylline levels fluctuations, although the dosing interval (12 hours) was twice as long for CR formulation. Six patients reported unusual symptoms, two in the CR group (headache, gastric discomfort) four in the aminophylline group (three headache, one headache and vomiting). PMID- 6535127 TI - [Breast feeding in Rome and its province in 1982]. AB - A follow-up study was planned to evaluate the frequency of the breast feeding babies in Rome and its district. 918 subsequently born babies were followed for 6 months. At 3 months of age only the 35,4% of them was still breast fed. We point out that babies born from spontaneous delivery present a higher frequency and a prolonged breast feeding statistically significant v/s babies born from cesarean section, and that the early initiation of breast feeding has a marked positive influence. PMID- 6535128 TI - [Long-term development of chronic hepatitis caused by virus B in childhood]. AB - Ten children with chronic hepatitis B have been followed for at least 3 years. All patients received 2 liver biopsies, the first after 1 year of continuous liver disfunction and HBsAg positivity, and the second 2 years after, that showed a mild improvement of the histologic lesions in 4 cases of chronic persistent hepatitis (CPH) and in 1 case of chronic lobular hepatitis (CLH). Three children out of 5 with chronic active hepatitis (CAN) changed to CPH and the other 2 remained unchanged without any evidence of cirrhosis. No patient received any drug for the treatment of hepatitis. PMID- 6535129 TI - [Intestinal invagination and Yersinia enterocolitica infections]. AB - After a short review of literature about the few previous reports a case of intussusception associated with Yersinia enterocolitica in a 11 month-old infant is reported. The causal significance of mesenteric lymphoadenomegaly is discussed. Intussusception as the first clinical sign of Yersinia infection is suggested. PMID- 6535130 TI - [Vertebral abnormalities and atresia of the esophagus]. AB - Out of a series of 50 infants suffering from oesophageal atresia, muscular skeletal anomalies were found in 17 of them (34%), and in 15 of these the vertebral column was abnormal (30%). 5 (10%) were affected by V.A.T.E.R. syndrome. The most frequent vertebral anomaly was characterised by isolated thoracic hypersegmentation, which was found to be regularly associated with Vogt type 3a of oesophageal atresia, with a large distance between the two ends of the oesophagus. This represents an important factor in determining the correct surgical approach, even if in this series the presence of an extra segment did not seem to significantly increase the rate of anastomotic leakage or of mortality. Vertebral anomalies in risk group A, according to Waterston's classification, were quite uncommon. PMID- 6535131 TI - [Respiratory atopy and season of birth: epidemiologic considerations]. AB - Numerous environmental conditions have been considered factors which may favour atopic disease. 320 children (233 males and 87 females, aged from 1 year and 10 months to 16 years and 6 months) were followed at the Out-patients' Department for Allergology of the V Pediatric Clinic (University of Milano). These children were examined in order to determine possible environmental factors, which could be related to subsequent allergic sensitization in infancy. We excluded all the subjects with a high atopic risk owing to: gestational age under 36 weeks, weight at birth under 2,500 Kg, respiratory distress in infancy, bronchiolitis in the first 6 months of life, particularly unfavourable conditions of the domestic microclimate. We did not find any correlation between the length of the period of breast feeding alone and the subsequent appearance of atopic sensitization. The only factor which could be related to atopic sensitization was the season of birth: the majority of atopic subjects were born in the period of maximum exposure to their respective allergens. Our data underline the difficulty in planning any efficacious prophylactic measure against respiratory allergy, limiting our possibilities to the improvement of assistance during pregnancy and to newborns and to the realization of better hygienic and environmental conditions. PMID- 6535132 TI - [Development of the sympatoadrenergic function in the fetus and the newborn infant]. AB - An analysis of the available data concerning the events bringing to the completion of the adrenergic function in early life shows the existence of an early response making the detection of MOPEG-SO4 levels in the urine--the foetus and in the new-born. This response isn't the same in the adult and in the infant as in the latter the number of receptors is lower, the prevalent mediator is NA and the receptorial subtype is almost entirely beta. The effector system, on the contrary, is as fully developed in the infant as it's in the adult. Maybe it will be possible in the future to evaluate--through non-invasive methods such as the detection of MOPEG-SO4 levels in the urine--the degree of development of the central simpatoadrenergic system in order to exactly work out perinatal asphyxia and brains congenital injuries. PMID- 6535133 TI - [Sound alarms and conditioning therapy in the treatment of childhood enuresis: a study of 180 cases]. AB - The Authors present the study and results in 180 cases of infantile enuresis, treated with a new bell alarm associated to conditioning psychological treatment (toilet training, token economy, motivational counseling, urine stop exercises, etc.). The cases have been subdivided into the type of enuresis, age and sex. 140 (77.8%) subjects aged from 6 years to 16 years with primary enuresis, and 40 (22.2%) aged from 6 years to 15 years with secondary enuresis have been treated. The following results were obtained in the primary enuresis with this type of treatment after a follow-up of 6-12 months: permanent recovery in 85.71% of the cases, relapse after 6 months in 11.42%, improvement in 5% and failures in 9,29% of the cases. In secondary enuresis the following results were obtained: permanent recovery after 12 months in 75% of the cases, relapse after 6 months in 10%, improvement in 7.5% and failures in 17.5% of the cases. The differences in the results between the two types of enuresis with respect to the age of the cases up to 12 years are proved and relatively less with respect to the average time of treatment for the total remission. Regarding the sex of the cases no significant therapeutic answer was noted neither in the final results nor in the time of treatment in both types of enuresis. Finally, it is not the substitution of symptoms which are proved but the benefits of a general and psychological level. PMID- 6535134 TI - [Ingestion of caustics in childhood: proposal for a therapeutic protocol]. AB - Caustic ingestion is a traumatic event not rare in the infancy. The authors, after a brief discussion of their cases and after a revision of the literature, propose a therapeutic protocol for the treatment of caustic ingestion in the infancy. This protocol is based on the esophagoscopy in the first day and on the antibiotic and corticotherapy in the first two weeks. When there is an esophageal stenosis, the authors propose weekly esophageal dilatations. PMID- 6535135 TI - [Velo-cardio-facial syndrome (Shprintzen syndrome)]. AB - A patient with the velo-cardio-facial syndrome is described. The most frequent features include cleft palate, cardiac anomalies, typical facies, and learning disabilities. Less frequent findings include microcephaly, mental retardation, small stature, slender hands and digits, minor auricolar anomalies, and inguinal hernia. There were four instances of familial transmission in the 39 patients of the literature. PMID- 6535136 TI - [An unusual case of hematuria]. AB - The author describes a unusual case of haematuria from Schistosoma Haematobium and dispute the modalities of diagnosis and therapy. PMID- 6535137 TI - [A case of systemic sclerosis in childhood complicated by severe digital ulcers]. AB - Systemic sclerosis is a diffuse disorder of connective tissue in which there are inflammatory, fibrotic and degenerative changes in the skin and many internal organs. We describe a case of systemic sclerosis type "acrosclerosis" in a six years old child with Raynaud's phenomenon and gastrointestinal involvement. In the course of illness he presented severe digital ulcerations in the hands and in the feet, responsive to a calcium channel blocking agent nifedipine treatment. PMID- 6535139 TI - [A case of congenital defect of the scalp and skull]. AB - The authors report a case of congenital defect of the skull and scalp. They consider the etiopathogenetic, diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of the syndrome. PMID- 6535138 TI - [Torticollis and neck tumors: presentation of a case]. AB - Stiff neck in children is a quite frequent sign of various pathological processes, not always benign in nature. Here is referred the case of a extradural cervical tumor in which stiff neck, associated with nucal rigidity, was for a long time the only symptom of the underlying process. The association of cervical tumor with stiff neck as the only longlasting initial symptom has only sporadically been reported. The authors analyse the various causes of stiff neck from the clinical and anatomo-pathological viewpoints, including age of patient at onset. PMID- 6535141 TI - [Indications for the surgical correction of acquired heart defects]. PMID- 6535140 TI - [Cushing's ulcer in childhood. Description of a case]. AB - The authors describe a case of Cushing's duodenal ulcer associated with Encephalitis. Diagnosis was made as the following criteria: neurological manifestations (fever, seizures, coma) and clinical manifestations of ulcer (hematemesis and melena); endoscopic evidence of ulcer and demonstration of increased gastric acid secretion; direct correlation between neurological lesion and duodenal ulcer. The good therapeutic result obtained with Ranitidine was noteworthy. The high dosage (20 mg/kg/die) allowed the control of the bleeding and the ulcer cicatrization. PMID- 6535142 TI - [Tartrazine hypersensitivity in patients with asthma and aspirin hypersensitivity]. PMID- 6535143 TI - [Prostaglandin metabolism in blood platelets and guanidine level in patients with chronic uremia]. PMID- 6535144 TI - [Effect of living near a city on the incidence of chronic bronchitis among rural population. I. Results of questionnaire studies]. PMID- 6535145 TI - [Incidence of chronic nonspecific respiratory tract diseases among university students in Cracow]. PMID- 6535146 TI - [D-xylose test in the diagnosis of intolerance to cow's milk]. PMID- 6535147 TI - [Diabetes mellitus and the kidneys]. PMID- 6535148 TI - [Effect of respiratory disorders during sleep on the pathogenesis of cor pulmonale]. PMID- 6535149 TI - [Results of treatment and adrenal cortex function in patients with bronchial asthma after long-term use of depot betamethasone]. PMID- 6535150 TI - [Arylsulfatase of peripheral blood leukocytes in patients with selected proliferative diseases of the hematopoietic system, malignant neoplasms in other organs and lupus erythematosus]. PMID- 6535152 TI - [Chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenia--advances in studies on pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment]. PMID- 6535151 TI - [Selection of therapeutic procedures after myocardial infarction based on fibrinolytic activity, blood platelet function and lipid and carbohydrate metabolism]. PMID- 6535154 TI - Plasma and platelet fibrin-stabilizing factor activity in rats intoxicated with phenylmercuric acetate. AB - Effect of phenylmercuric acetate on the activity of rat plasma and platelet fibrin-stabilizing factor (FSF) was studied. The mercurial was administered to the animals intragastrically in a single dose of 17.9 mg Hg/kg or in repeated doses of 1.79 mg Hg/kg, twice a week for 152 days. The activities of the investigated fibrin-stabilizing factors were significantly increased in the case of intoxicated rats. Such an effect was observed in both types of the exposure. PMID- 6535153 TI - Opiate-like peptides. Part V. Aminoalkylamides of Met-enkephalin and [D-Ala]2-Met enkephalin: synthesis and analgesic activity. AB - Four analogs of Met-enkephalin were synthetized using DPPA method. Their analgesic activity was estimated by the hot plate method, the neurotoxic effect being also determined. One of the analogs was 16 times as potent as Met enkephalin, whereas with the three remaining the neurotoxic effect preceded the expected analgesic activity. PMID- 6535155 TI - Effect of caffeine on rest- and excitation-dependent calcium exchange in ventricular muscle of guinea pig heart. AB - In the previous papers we found that two cellular Ca fractions are involved in excitation-contraction coupling in ventricular muscle of guinea pig heart. Fraction Ca1 (0.06-0,32 mmol/kg w.w.) is exchanged from beat-to-beat and probably activates contraction. Fraction Ca2 (1.0 mmol/kg w.w.) is bound within the myocytes but its volume correlates positively with the rate of stimulation and with the rate-dependent changes in contractile force. This fraction was proposed to control the response of contractile system to Ca1. In the present paper we found that caffeine in concentration of 12.5 mmol/liter doubles fraction Ca1, while it does not affect appreciably fraction Ca2. The latter observation leads to the conclusion that Ca2 is not localized in sarcoplasmic reticulum. PMID- 6535156 TI - Ethanol-induced alterations in ceruloplasmin activity. AB - In the guinea pigs with experimental alcoholism lower ceruloplasmin activity than in normal animals has been found in blood serum. In vitro neither ethanol nor acetaldehyde (10(-6)M--10(-3)M) influenced ceruloplasmin activity. A possible mechanism of ethanol-induced alterations is discussed. PMID- 6535157 TI - Ethanol-induced changes of histamine content in guinea-pig brain. AB - Acute treatment of guinea-pigs with ethanol (5 g/kg, directly into the stomach) slightly (by approximately 15%) decreased histamine (HI) content in the hypothalamus, cerebral cortex, rest of the brain and in the whole brain. Prolonged treatment (7-18 days of daily alcohol administration; doses were gradually increasing from 5 to 10 g/kg daily) increased the amine level in the studied tissues by 20-40%. Prolonged treatment of the animals with ethanol plus pyridoxal (Vitamin B6) increased brain HI content to approximately the same extent as did ethanol alone. Both acute and prolonged (18 days) treatment with ethanol did not significantly change activity of the HI synthesizing enzyme, i.e. L-histidine decarboxylase, in the cerebral cortex and in the rest of the brain. The mechanism of ethanol-induced changes in brain HI content is discussed. PMID- 6535158 TI - Effect of carbanilate local anesthetics on granulation tissue formation. AB - The effect of local anesthetics pentacaine ((+/-)-trans N-/2-(3-pentyloxy phenylcarbamoyloxy)-cyclohexyl/- pyrrolidinium chloride), heptacaine (N-/2-(2 heptyloxy-phenyl-carbamoyloxy)-ethyl/-piperidini um chloride) and trimecaine (2, 4, 6-trimethylphenylcarbamoyl)-methyldiethylammonium chloride) on granulation tissue formation in open skin wounds was examined in rats. The anesthetics applied on the wounds 3 times a day for 5 days caused increase in granulation tissue weight, in DNA and hydroxyproline contents. Pentacaine had the most pronounced effects (190% dry weight, 253% DNA and 148% hydroxyproline content when compared to saline-treated controls). The smallest changes were observed after heptacaine treatment. PMID- 6535159 TI - Synthesis and pharmacological properties of the products of condensation of tryptamine derivatives with pyridoxal. AB - Four new derivatives of 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-beta-carboline 2a--d were synthetized with the pyridoxal moiety in position 1; there were also obtained four Schiff bases 1a--d which are intermediate products in this synthesis. Schiff bases 1a--d revealed a sedative and analgesic action, and compound 1b also had potential antidepressive properties. The derivatives of tetrahydro-beta-carboline 2a--d were inactive in the carried out tests. PMID- 6535160 TI - Condensation of 1-(4,4-dimethyl-2-piperidon-6-yl)-2-propanone with benzaldehyde derivatives. AB - Condensation of 1-(4,4-dimethyl-2-piperidon-6-yl)-2-propanone with benzaldehyde derivatives and with cinnamic aldehyde was investigated. Generally, alpha, beta unsaturated ketones with structures of the (E) -chalcone type were formed. The biological activity of the compounds, particularly given orally, seems to be negligible. PMID- 6535161 TI - Fractionation of non allelic histone variants by hydrophobic interaction chromatography. AB - A method for the separation of non allelic histone variants is described. Sepharose-CL-4B was modified with dodecylamine by the carbonyldiimidazole-method. The matrix prepared contained 6 mumol/ml hydrophobic groups, C12-hydrocarbon chains. Proteins were loaded at high ionic strength and eluted from the column with an urea gradient. Histones H1, H2a and H2b from different mammalian tissues were loaded on the column and pure variants H1A, H1B, H2a1, H2a2, H2b1 and H2b2 were obtained by urea gradient elution. The recovery of the H2a-variants from calf thymus for example was 54% of H2a1 and 36% of H2a2. PMID- 6535162 TI - Articulation rate and its variability in spontaneous speech: a reanalysis and some implications. AB - It is by now well established that during normal conversation talkers often produce large variation in the rate at which they speak. However, existing research suggests that this modification is largely due to changes in the amount of pausing during conversation, and much less to actual changes in articulation rate, that is, the rate at which the speech itself is produced. In an attempt to examine this issue further, we used a modified measurement procedure to reanalyze the speech data from 30 talkers in an interview situation. In contrast to the earlier analyses, we found that there was indeed substantial variation in articulation rate for these speakers, even within a single utterance of a single talker. The implications of these findings for theories of segmental perception and for models of speech planning are discussed. PMID- 6535163 TI - Amiodarone: a new drug for the treatment of cardiac arrhythmias. PMID- 6535164 TI - [Radiographic semeiotics of bone metastasis in thyroid carcinoma]. AB - It's well-known that thyroid malignant cancer often metastatizes to skeletal structures. Analysing a wide casuistry of the National Cancer Institute of Milan, we thought right not only consider most common iconographic findings of these bone metastases, but rarest too. Therefore, we studied many radiological symptoms: osteolysis and its shape; extension in the next soft tissues; absence of the periosteal reaction; some resemblances with other primitive cancer or secondary too and dysplasic focus; the changes after therapy usually give a not univocal interpretation of the pictures regarding these peculiar alterations. PMID- 6535165 TI - [Radiographic aspect of aneurysmal cysts of the spine]. AB - Aneurysmal bone cyst is a pseudoneoplastic skeletal disorder. The material of the Tumor Center at the Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute refers to 198 cases, 25 (12.6%) with spinal localization. The X-ray pattern of aneurysmal bone cyst is represented by an osteolytic area more or less evidently involving the vertebra, with frequent extension to the surrounding soft tissues. Its maturing evolution is typical, and occurs both spontaneously and after surgical and/or radiation therapy. PMID- 6535166 TI - [Computerized axial tomography and electromyography in vertebral and spinal cord pathology]. AB - Fifty patients with lumbar spinal disease, 47 of them with disk herniation, were studied preoperatively using both electromyography and computerized tomography (CT), in order to verify the mutual diagnostic significance and accuracy of these techniques. Electromyographic studies provided correct informations regarding the level of the lesion in 41 patients with 1 mistaken level and 8 false negatives, without indicating the nature of involved pathologies. The specific nature of the lesions was correctly indicated by CT studies in 43 patients with 4 incorrect diagnoses and 3 false negatives, without defining the functional loss produced by the lesions. Using electromyography and CT together, first electromyographic studies to establish the spinal level to investigate principally with CT, the diagnostic accuracy can improve because of the decrease of the false negatives. PMID- 6535167 TI - [Slow computerized tomography in the study of the adrenal glands]. AB - Computed tomographies (CT) of 32 patients with suspected adrenal disease and of 20 patients without evidence of adrenal disease performed with an 18 s scan time scanner, were reviewed. The results of a study of the normal adrenals in the coronal and sagittales planes, with the electronical reconstruction, are presented. Surgical proof was available in 11 patients. CT correctly identified 1 cortisol-producing adenoma, 1 aldosterone-producing adenoma, 4 pheocromocitomas and 2 carcinomas, but only 1 of the 3 hyperplasias. The CT rule and the usefulness of the coronal and sagittal reconstruction in the diagnosis of adrenal disease are discussed. PMID- 6535168 TI - [Angio-CT in the staging of renal carcinoma]. AB - The authors report the results about the staging of renal carcinoma using "angio CT". The diagnostic accuracy, the sensibility, the specificity, in 42 patients, have been evaluated and compared with the subsequent operative or authoptic diagnosis. The meaning of this study is the comparison of the results obtained by this method in front of other examinations, especially artheriography. PMID- 6535169 TI - [Ischemic cerebrovascular accidents in childhood. Problems of neuroradiological diagnosis]. AB - The authors present 19 cases of stroke with subsequent hemiplegia in children from 5 months to 15 years of age. These cases are not strictly correlated with haematologic alterations. The aetiopathogenesis remains uncertain in the most of patients, in which predisposing causes are absent and angiographic pictures do not demonstrate anatomical lesions or occlusions of cerebral vessels. In our series, cerebral angiography was performed in 16 children and showed vascular alterations only in 6 cases. CT scan some time after the acute hemiplegia, demonstrated low-density areas in 12 cases over 17 examined, with the characteristic evolution of ischemic lesions. PMID- 6535170 TI - [The heterozygote beta-thalassemic patient with regard to radiological hazards]. AB - Since anaemia of varying degree is a quite common finding in heterozygous beta thalassaemia, a research was done to see if beta-thalassaemia heterozygotes occupationally exposed to long-term continuous external radiation should be more susceptible to haematopoietic damage than non thalassaemic subjects. We examined peripheral haematological findings of 20 beta-thalassaemia heterozygotes previously exposed to a mean of 10.7 mSv, compared with 22 non thalassaemic subjects exposed to 6 mSv, and with 50 not exposed beta-thalassaemia heterozygotes. The obtained results suggest that whole-body external irradiation- with the mean doses reported--does not cause noteworthy changes in beta thalassaemia heterozygotes. PMID- 6535171 TI - [Radiation pneumopathy. Our experience in the treatment of Hodgkin's disease with mantle-shaped field radiotherapy]. AB - The literature of the radiation pneumonitis is reviewed from the standpoint of the pathogenesis, histopathology and dependent parameters of the disease. A series of 125 patients treated with mantle fields for Hodgkin's disease between 1972/80 is studied. The radiation pneumonitis developed radiologically in 28 patients (22,4%); in 20 (72%) was asymptomatic. The incidence of pneumonitis against the time of onset of the disease, reveals a peak about the first three months after the end of radiotherapy. No significative variations of incidence of disease are seen in two groups of patients treated respectively with and without chemotherapy (20% and 26%). Frequency diagrams of pneumonitis as a function of the calculate values of the dose for TD, rets, TDF, show a significant correlation with the ranges of doses expressed in TDF. PMID- 6535172 TI - [Results and indications of radiotherapy in the treatment of carcinoma of the mouth floor]. AB - 175 carcinomas of the floor of the mouth were treated by radiotherapy in the years 1971-81: 47 T1 (26.9%) 87 T2 (49.7%) 19 T3 (10.8%) 22 T4 (12.6%). According to local extension the primary was treated by curietherapy in 92 patients (52.6%), external radiotherapy plus curietherapy boost in 8 (4.6%), radiosurgical combinations in 25 (14.3%) and external radiotherapy alone in 50 (28.5%). 131 patients were initially N0 (74.9%) 23 N1 (13.1%) 21 N2-3 (12.0%). The treatment on the nodal areas was: wait and see in 84 patients (48.0%) surgery in 39 (22.3%) radiosurgical combinations in 21 (12.0%) external radiotherapy alone in 31 (17.7%). Relapses free survival at 2 and 5 years was respectively 52.5% and 44.1%. Local control was obtained for 37/41 T1 cases (90.2%) 58/71 T2 (81.7%) 9/25 T3-T4 (36.0%). 37/137 patients with adequate follow-up (greater than or equal to 1 year) experienced some radionecrotic complications (27.0%). The overall incidence of the second tumors was 7.3% (10 cases). PMID- 6535173 TI - [Congenital posterolateral diaphragmatic hernia associated with an intestinal malformation. Description of a case]. PMID- 6535174 TI - [Pseudopneumoperitoneum. Presentation of a case]. PMID- 6535175 TI - [Sialographic diagnosis of autoimmune parotitis]. PMID- 6535177 TI - [An Italian radiologist in Uganda]. PMID- 6535176 TI - [Magnesium tetraborate in environmental monitoring with thermoluminescent dosimetry]. PMID- 6535178 TI - Occurrence of the bat tick Ornithodoros (Alectorobius) Kelleyi Cooley & Kohls (Acari: Argasidae) in Costa Rica and its relation to human bites. AB - Several persons from two localities in Costa Rica (San Rafael de Coronado, 1510 m and Dulce Nombre de Tres Rios, 1445 m) were bitten by ticks, subsequently identified as Ornitohodoros (A.) Kelleyi (Argasidae), commonly associated with bats. In the attics of their homes, live adults, larvae, nymphs and skins were found in the bat guano. Since there are no records of adult argasids in this country, a laboratory colony was established to observe the biology of these ticks and their association with bats. In this particular case, the bats were Molossidae and Vespertilionidae, both insectivorous. Adults and last nymphal ticks easily fed on suckling white mice in the dark; feeding lasts from 20 to 40 minutes, when abundant coxal fluid is produced; oviposition occurs from 14 to 27 days later. Comparison of the most common structures of both whole larvae and larval skins revealed no significant differences, taxonomically important, since according to the habits of the Argasidae, it is easier to find larval molts than live specimens. PMID- 6535179 TI - [Diarrhea caused by Campylobacter fetus jejuni and other infective agents in children of the rural area of Puriscal, Costa Rica]. AB - Between September 1979 and September 1981 a field study was conducted on the etiology of diarrheal disease in the area of Puriscal, Costa Rica. The presence of enteric pathogens was investigated in the stools of 267 diarrheic children and 190 healthy controls. Both groups belong to yearly cohorts recruited at birth as part of a longitudinal multidisciplinary study of mothers and children. Campylobacter fetus jejuni was identified as the only pathogen in the stools of 24 diarrheic children (9%) and in four healthy controls (2%), a significant difference (p less than 0,05). The clinical features of the episodes were: irritability (77%), blood in stools (35%), anorexia (38,5%), and fever and vomiting (36%). Dehydration was not important among infected children (only one with 5% dehydration). All children received oral salt solutions and only two were treated with antibiotics. Rotaviruses were the main etiologic agents (17%) and Campylobacter ranked second (10,5%). The frequency of enterotoxigenic Enterobacteriaceae was similar in sick children and in controls (10% and 12% respectively). PMID- 6535180 TI - [The micronecrotic effect of the venom of Aphonopelma seemanni (Araneae: Theraphosidae) of Costa Rica in the white mouse]. AB - The venom of female spiders (Aphonopelma seemanni) induces necrosis of skeletal muscle in mice. This effect was demonstrated by histology and by the increase in the plasma levels of the enzyme creatine kinase (CK). PMID- 6535181 TI - Composition and nutritive value of pejibaye (Bactris gasipaes) in animal feeds. AB - Nutritive assessment of pejibaye (Bactris gasipaes) meals included proximal composition of the lipid and nitrogenous fractions. Caloric values obtained as true metabolizable energy (TME) indicate that the pejibaye has a higher content of energy than corn and that it is not necessary to separate the seeds from the fruits in animal feeds; the level of indispensable aminoacids is considerably low, especially methionine, which is lower than in corn; thin layer chromatography shows that most of the free fatty acids are present in a ratio of 2:1 in unsaturated to saturated acids. The predominant fatty acids in whole pejibaye meal are oleic and palmitic acids with adequate levels of linoleic acid. Saturated fatty acids are predominant in the seed, with a very high content of lauric and myristic acids. PMID- 6535183 TI - [Factors that influence the success of artificial insemination]. PMID- 6535182 TI - [Taxonomic and phylogenetic relation between the genera of Siphonaptera rhopalopsyllini obtained by the study of host-parasite relations]. PMID- 6535184 TI - [Spontaneous rupture of an aneurysm of the splenic artery during pregnancy]. PMID- 6535185 TI - [Amniocentesis in prenatal genetic diagnosis. Obstetric aspects]. PMID- 6535186 TI - [Results obtained in patients with cerclage]. PMID- 6535187 TI - [Childbirth in breech presentation. Experience of the Ob-Gyn Service. March 1982 February 1984]. PMID- 6535189 TI - [Oncogenes, intracellular time-bombs]. PMID- 6535188 TI - [Resolution of the delivery in patients with cesarean cicatrix]. PMID- 6535190 TI - [Insufficient maternal attention, socioeconomic index]. PMID- 6535191 TI - [Training adolescents to be physicians]. PMID- 6535192 TI - [Tuberculin reaction and the scar in infants vaccinated with lyophilized BCG]. PMID- 6535193 TI - [Computerized study of morbidity and mortality of newborn infants]. PMID- 6535194 TI - [Morbidity and mortality of newborn infants with a birth weight less than 1,500 grams]. PMID- 6535195 TI - [Endemic goiter in Pirque]. PMID- 6535196 TI - [Scimitar syndrome]. PMID- 6535198 TI - [Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome in 3 sisters]. PMID- 6535197 TI - [Chylothorax in children]. PMID- 6535199 TI - [Toward the eradication of diphtheria in Chile]. PMID- 6535200 TI - [The modular diet]. PMID- 6535201 TI - [Non-tuberculous mycobacteria in Barcelona (II). Pulmonary mycobacteriosis]. PMID- 6535202 TI - [Complement fractions and immunoglobulins in disseminated carcinomas of bronchopulmonary and gastrointestinal origin]. PMID- 6535203 TI - [Study of 23 cases of megaloblastic anemia]. PMID- 6535204 TI - [Alcoholic hepatitis. Apropos of 27 cases]. PMID- 6535206 TI - [Morphologic basis of spontaneous pneumothorax and its pleural reaction]. PMID- 6535205 TI - [Endoscopic macrobiopsy in the diagnosis of Menetrier disease]. PMID- 6535207 TI - [Hereditary angioneurotic edema: therapeutic aspects]. PMID- 6535208 TI - [Systemic mastocytosis. Apropos of a case]. PMID- 6535209 TI - [Nodular sclerosis-type Hodgkin's disease and its development into lymphocytic depletion]. PMID- 6535210 TI - [Functional and morphological adaptation of the lumbar spine after fixation of one hip]. PMID- 6535211 TI - [The effect of 3 weeks of functional therapy on the functional capacity of the cardiovascular system in patients with ankylosing spondylitis]. PMID- 6535213 TI - Atherosclerosis--a general survey and synthesis. PMID- 6535212 TI - [Gout in women]. PMID- 6535214 TI - The myc oncogene in mouse plasmacytomagenesis. PMID- 6535215 TI - Evolution of thought about the pathology, clinical behavior and treatment of cancer of the breast. PMID- 6535216 TI - [Battered child syndrome]. PMID- 6535217 TI - [Effects of the use of a hyperlipid diet on the tumor development: an experimental study with Walker carcinosarcoma 256]. PMID- 6535219 TI - [Fasciocutaneous flap on the leg. Anatomical study of the vascularization and clinical applications]. PMID- 6535218 TI - [Effect of systemic antibiotic therapy on microbial flora of gastrointestinal tract in the hematological patients]. PMID- 6535220 TI - [Sexuality: relevance in the university milieu]. PMID- 6535221 TI - [Disseminated strongyloidiasis in a diabetic patient]. PMID- 6535222 TI - [Mediastinitis caused by a foreign body]. PMID- 6535223 TI - [The elderly primipara]. AB - From the analysis of 190 case histories of elderly primiparas, the following conclusions were drawn concerning their pregnancy and delivery. Frequency = 0.6%. The high frequency of spontaneous abortion (26.8%) and infertility treatment (20.5%) should be stressed. Age-related obstetric pathology in the sample group is dominated by the high frequency of toxaemia (32.4%), premature delivery (14.3%) and uterine fibromata (17.3%). Dystocia is frequent: normal, unassisted vaginal deliveries: 32%; forceps: 33.2%; Caesarean section: 34.2%. Neonatal mortality remains high: 5.2% as does morbidity (Apgar less than 7: 29.6%). PMID- 6535224 TI - [Homologous artificial insemination and male infertility. Study of prognostic factors]. AB - Artificial insemination using the husband's semen (AIH) can help overcome a number of cases of sterility, particularly where these are male in origin. But the results are not always in proportion to the effort required, both from the patients and their doctor. We have compared 25 cases in which AIH resulted in pregnancy with 25 cases in which no pregnancy was achieved after a minimum of 6 cycles' insemination. No factor other than success or failure entered into the selection of cases for comparison. No significant difference was observed in age, past medical history, clinical findings and treatment used. However, study of the seminal analyses showed that the number of spermatozoa was only a secondary factor; sperm motility, and its duration, were more important. This gave two graphs defining two prognostic zones. In 72% of cases, pregnancy was achieved during the first 5 cycles of insemination using AIH. Lastly, miscarriages increased in frequency with age. The number of cases studied is obviously too few to provide any binding statistical conclusions, but these preliminary results give grounds for continuing the study; mathematical models ought to make it possible to identify prognostic factors. PMID- 6535225 TI - [Detection of hyperplasia and cancer of the endometrium]. AB - The authors propose a test consisting of the administration of a progestogen for 7 days in women menopausal for more than two years, with the aim of detecting occult endometrial hyperplasia. Given the frequent association between hyperplasia and cancer, further investigations are carried out in every case in which bleeding occurs. The value of this trial is discussed and compared with other methods put forward for endometrial cancer screening. PMID- 6535226 TI - [27 cases of rare forms of cancer of the corpus uteri]. AB - Based on 27 rare forms of carcinoma of the endometrium (adenoacanthomas, clear cell adenocarcinomas, mulleroblastomas, leiomyosarcomas), the authors discuss their observations and compare their findings with literature data. The only forms with a more favorable prognosis than cancer of the endometrium is pure adenoacanthoma. Delays in diagnosis remain all too frequent. Post-surgery treatment including chemotherapy appears preferable to surgery alone for these severe lesions which result more often in local recurrences than in pulmonary metastases. New chemotherapy associations (ADR-DTIC) have given results which justify their use, while radiotherapy and curietherapy reduce the number of recurrences, except for leiomyosarcomas. PMID- 6535227 TI - [Fibronectin and insufficiency of the reticuloendothelial system]. PMID- 6535228 TI - [Continuous evaluation of esophageal pH for 24 hours and its use in the diagnosis of gastroesophageal reflux]. PMID- 6535229 TI - [Apnea and periodic respiration during sleep in the newborn infant. Polygraphic aspects]. PMID- 6535230 TI - [Myocardiopathy of Duchenne progressive muscular dystrophy]. PMID- 6535231 TI - [Pararectal rhabdomyosarcoma. Report of 2 cases]. PMID- 6535232 TI - [Evaluation of Cysticercus cellulosae antigens in the immunodiagnosis of human cysticercosis by indirect hemagglutination]. PMID- 6535233 TI - [Holochilus brasiliensis nanus Thomas, 1897. Suggestion for an experimental model for filariasis, leishmaniasis and schistosomiasis]. PMID- 6535234 TI - Acute renal failure after rifampicin. PMID- 6535235 TI - [Human rabies. Neuropathological study of 30 cases]. PMID- 6535236 TI - Proceedings of the International Symposium on Work-Related Diseases. Espoo, Finland, 4-8 June 1984. PMID- 6535237 TI - Work-related diseases. A new program of the World Health Organization. AB - "Work-related diseases" are multifactorial diseases in which the work environment plays a partial role in causation. They include chronic noncommunicable disease affecting working populations. There is evidence that such diseases as musculoskeletal disorders, hypertension, chronic bronchitis, and several psychosomatic disturbances affecting workers can be attributed to a variety of risk factors, including those in the workplace. Examples of investigations and the occurrence of various work-related diseases are cited from several countries. Occupational health is evolving to deal with multifactorial health problems from combined exposure to occupational and other environmental factors, life-style, and individual susceptibility. More attention should be given to psychosocial factors and ergonomics in the workplace, workers' participation and life-style, multifactorial occupational epidemiology, and new approaches to legislation. A list of research areas is given to cover the present gaps in knowledge. The World Health Organization has started a program of work in this field to identify the magnitude of these diseases in various parts of the world, to stimulate epidemiologic research, and to develop guidelines for control measures. PMID- 6535238 TI - Occupational mortality. AB - Mortality statistics have been formally collected in the United Kingdom since the time of John Graunt in 1692. The advent of birth and death registration in 1839 established a reliable system of mortality rate calculations. Occupation was added to the sixth decennial census in 1851, and supplementary occupational mortality reports have been published since that date. The usefulness of these decennial supplements as hypothesis-generating exercises is reviewed. Particular emphasis is placed on the validity of the standardized mortality ratio as an index of comparative mortality. Flaws in the collection and recording of causes of death and occupational status at death and during life are noted, and the ways in which standard reporting of these events could be improved are outlined. PMID- 6535239 TI - Epidemiologic study of work-related diseases. Methodological problems of register based studies. AB - The efficient execution of an occupational epidemiologic study requires accurate information on both exposure and effect. In this paper emphasis is placed on the use of registers of occupation or disease as tools in the undertaking of descriptive and analytical epidemiologic studies. While cancer registers are a common information source nowadays, their validity is not always consistently good. Other sources of information, such as industry records, professional membership listings, and disease notifications are also used. The inaccuracies of these registers--established usually for nonepidemiologic purposes--are outlined. Specific examples are used to illustrate the problems and pitfalls involved in interpreting the derived results. The study populations discussed range from the high enumeration feasible with life-long occupational groupings, such as pathologists and sea pilots, to attempts to trace individuals whose "membership" in an exposure group might be residence in the American Embassy in Moscow or recognition as short-service military personnel exposed to A-bomb testing a generation ago. The recent development of using census-based occupational information to trace mortality and morbidity is also discussed. PMID- 6535240 TI - Cancer incidence by living area, social class and occupation. AB - The variation in the incidence of cancer between geographic areas and socio economic classes is outlined. In many instances the differences in the incidence can be attributed to differences in life-style factors such as smoking, diet, sexual habits, and the reproductive history of women. The role of smoking as an explanation of the variation in the risk of lung cancer between occupational groups is emphasized. PMID- 6535241 TI - On the interplay between socioeconomic factors, personality and work environment in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease. AB - This article summarizes some of the major findings in research on associations between psychosocial factors and cardiovascular illness. Methodological difficulties are discussed. Findings from some of the authors' own studies serve as illustrations. It is emphasized that an interplay between environmental and individual factors is of great importance. Personality factors relevant to the risk of cardiovascular illness may distort individual descriptions of the work environment. Cardiovascular risk factors such as cigarette smoking and repeated blood pressure elevations may be influenced by psychosocial factors. Lack of intellectual discretion at work, particularly if combined with excessive demands, may increase the risk of cardiovascular illness. PMID- 6535242 TI - Cardiovascular responses to static exercise. AB - In light static exercise the heart rate and blood pressure increase much more than during dynamic exercise at the same oxygen uptake level. Heavy static exercise is characterized by a failure of the local blood flow to adjust to the oxygen demands of the exercising muscles. Respiratory and circulatory responses are dominated by an incompetence to obtain steady-state conditions, and thus the worktime is short. After the cessation of heavy static exercise a sudden compensatory increase occurs in cardiac output and oxygen uptake. Due to the higher increase in blood pressure, even light static exercise causes much higher strain on the heart than an equivalent amount of dynamic exercise. The heart responds to the increased afterload by increasing contractility and heart rate and thus improves cardiac output. In persons with a poor cardiac reserve a rise in the left ventricular end-diastolic pressure is seen, along with a fall in the stroke work index in response to the increased afterload caused by static exercise. It is possible that a discrepancy exists between work capacity during tasks demanding also isometric muscle work and a dynamic exercise test performance. The decreased cardiac reserve may first appear after the great increase in afterload, even in relatively light static work. PMID- 6535243 TI - Physical load on the cardiovascular system in different work tasks. AB - This review of the cardiovascular load at work is based on the concept of stress and strain in dynamic work. The relationship between oxygen consumption (VO2) and heart rate (HR) and work load and the effects of intervening variables are described. The relationship between relative aerobic strain (RAS) and HR is shown to be dependent on the type and combination of muscular work. Significant differences in cumulative HR curves over 8-h shifts have been detected between the profile groups "producing muscle forces" or "coordinating motor functions" and others; the HR remained above the level of 110 beats X min-1 for about 50, 30, and 5% of the shift time, respectively. VO2, HR, and RAS are described in more detail during tasks in milk delivery, mail delivery, and logging, during tasks in the construction and steel industries, and during tasks in the municipal sector. Special attention is paid to work tasks in which the load on the cardiovascular system is above the "acceptable" level. Peak loads which increase strain to the maximal RAS level are described. The change in RAS with ageing is shown to increase in work tasks which include the production of muscle forces and the coordination of motor functions. PMID- 6535244 TI - Shift work and cardiovascular disease. AB - This paper reviews a number of studies which have presented results on the association between shift work and cardiovascular disease. It is suggested that many of the early studies suffer from methodological flaws which render them difficult to interpret. In studies in which incidence of disease has been computed and related to exposure to shift work, the results indicate a higher risk for cardiovascular disease among shift workers as compared to day workers. The evidence cannot yet, however, be considered conclusive. PMID- 6535245 TI - Arthrosis and its relation to work. AB - Data are presented to illustrate the inadequacy of routinely collected data on osteoarthrosis when disability and handicap are considered as distinct from impairment. In a series of prevalence studies of mixed manual workers aged 15 to 65 years in the United Kingdom 11% had diagnosable osteoarthrosis of the limbs, 2% had generalized osteoarthrosis, and 11% had vague pains of undetermined diagnosis in the limb joints. Annual sickness absence was 580 d/100 affected men for those with local osteoarthrosis and 539 d/100 and 80 d/100, respectively, for those with generalized osteoarthrosis and vague limb pain. These and other indicators of disablement (hospital attendance and admission, self therapy, and consultation with general practitioners) suggest that osteoarthrosis makes a significant contribution to the handicap of manual workers. There was no significant difference in the prevalence rates between skilled and unskilled dockyard workers; this finding contrasts with the significantly higher rates for osteoarthrosis at all ages among coal miners working in awkward postures in confined spaces than among weight-lifting manual workers in other occupations. Direct observation and assessment of specific tasks support the hypothesis that posture may be more important than weight lifting as a risk factor in the onset of osteoarthrosis. PMID- 6535246 TI - Shoulder pain and tension neck and their relation to work. AB - Reliable information about shoulder girdle pain in relation to work practices is difficult to obtain from routinely acquired statistics. On the basis of data obtained from a special study of 2 648 manual workers from jobs without special demands for neck or shoulder activity, an estimate has been made of the size of the problem. The results indicate that 23% of a manual workforce reported having suffered from pain in the neck, shoulder, or upper arm on at least one occasion during their worklife and that 15% had had such pain during the year prior to the study. These pains arose through a number of causes collectively grouped as shoulder girdle pain. The relative importance of trivial injuries, degenerative changes, and structural abnormalities is considered along with the possible work related role in contributing to the onset of such painful syndromes. In light of these possibilities the contribution which primary preventive measures could make to reducing the problem by altering the posture at work is discussed, and an indication is given of the likely limitation of secondary preventive measures (screening) in this field. On the other hand there is room for increased diagnostic accuracy to ensure better management and rehabilitation for those with prolonged or recurrent painful symptoms. PMID- 6535247 TI - Different stages of disease, changes in heaviness of work and life cycle. AB - The aim of this study was to determine which age and exposure categories are the most prone to health selection. Mortality and morbidity were studied on three different exposure levels defined primarily according to the physical demands of the work, heavy (iron foundries), medium (manufacture of metal products), and light (manufacture of electrical devices). The population comprised 15 714 men hired in 1950-1976 to work in the three branches of the metal industry. A questionnaire on occupational history, morbidity, and the causes of turnover was sent to 3 450 current and former workers. The occupational histories of current and former workers were compared for changes in heaviness throughout their complete occupational histories. Occupations during a lifetime were also classified into three levels of exposure on the basis of physical demand (heavy, medium, and light). The three levels of exposure showed different patterns of changes in heaviness of the work according to age throughout the workers' complete occupational histories. Selection into and out of jobs within and between different levels of exposure seemed to be some kind of continuous process, a chain of selection. Similarly as changes in the heaviness of the work formed a chain of selection during lifetime, the workers' health also changed to form a chain through their life cycle. Hard and soft measures formed a continuum (dissatisfaction - death), and they followed each other as explanations for termination of employment. The points of inflection in age, where the measures of different stages of disease turned from soft to hard, varied according to the level of exposure. The life-table technique was used to show the turning of the measures. PMID- 6535248 TI - Completeness of occupational history and occurrences of work-related diseases. AB - The lack of complete occupational histories causes underestimates or overestimates of occupational mortality and morbidity. The problem is emphasized in cohorts with high turnover and in cross-sectional study designs. In the study of the effect of selective turnover on occupational mortality and morbidity complete occupational histories were acquired via questionnaire. The sample comprised 1 200 current and 1 800 alive former workers and the closest relatives of 450 deceased workers and was formed from three exposure-level cohorts (defined primarily according to the physical demands of the work) of 15 714 metal workers hired in 1950-1976. The occupational histories reported in the questionnaires were compared with those collected from employers' personnel records. The coverage of occupational histories was the most accurate for current and former workers with the longest duration of exposure and the least accurate for dead workers and the oldest age groups. The use of complete occupational histories and the combining of the similar levels of exposure through the lifetime produced clear differences in the occurrences of musculoskeletal, respiratory, and cardiovascular diseases between the three levels of exposure. The errors in person-years were smaller than the errors in the duration of exposure; the coverage varied from 51 to 94%. However, misclassification clearly caused cancer cases to be located in classes with too short a period of latency. About 30% of the deceased workers had reportedly entered the industry before the first follow up year. PMID- 6535249 TI - Complaints of insomnia in different occupations. AB - Complaints of insomnia were inquired about in a questionnaire survey of 6 268 persons (2 801 men; 3 467 women, mean age 50.5 years, range 45-57 years) in 40 different occupational groups. Among bus drivers 18.9% complained of having rather or very much difficulty falling asleep. Among female cleaners, male teachers, male directors, and male physicians the respective percentages were 18.8, 18.0, 3.7, and 4.9. Disturbed nocturnal sleep was complained of the most often by male laborers (28.1% waking up at least three times a night), female cleaners (26.6%) and female hospital aides (26.4%). Disturbed nocturnal sleep was rare among male physicians (1.6%), male directors (7.4%), female head nurses (8.9%), and female social workers (9.4%). Complaints of waking up too early in the morning were the most common among female laborers (13.2% often or always), male construction workers (9.1%), and female cleaners (8.4%). They were rare among male physicians (1.6%), male directors (1.8%), nurses in outpatient wards (1.2%), and female bathers (2.0%). Sleeping pills were used the most frequently by male gardeners (7.1% were frequent or habitual users), female social office workers (5.8%), and male construction workers (5.4%). Some aspects of work which could explain the differences are discussed. PMID- 6535250 TI - Bronchitis in relation to work. AB - The term bronchitis means different things to different people. Work-related bronchitis might include acute irritation or allergic syndromes or chronic cough and airway obstruction. The investigation of such episodes varies according to the suspected problem--acute symptoms are investigated in the individual and followed up if necessary epidemiologically, while chronic disease requires an epidemiologic approach. Examples of investigations on soldering, polyvinyl chloride manufacturing, and coal mining are quoted. PMID- 6535251 TI - Work, stress and health. AB - Work should provide a goal, meaning, content, and structure for life and give the worker identity, self-esteem, companions, friends, and material means. If the fit between the worker and the job is bad, if the worker is unable to control his work condition, if he copes ineffectively and lacks social support, potentially pathogenic reactions occur. These reactions can be cognitive, emotional, behavioral, and physiological. Under some conditions of intensity, frequency and duration, and in the presence or absence of certain interacting variables, these reactions will lead to disease--physical, mental, or both. Research to identify high-risk situations, groups, and reactions for the subsequent interdisciplinary evaluation of therapeutic and/or preventive interventions on a model scale include epidemiologic, observational, and experimental studies, preferably in real life. Examples of such studies are given and additional ones are proposed. PMID- 6535252 TI - Psychogenic epidemics and work. AB - Psychogenic epidemics cover various forms of collective behavior and include mass hysteria, mass psychogenic illness, and hysterical contagion for which no physical explanation can be found. The typical course of a psychogenic epidemic at a workplace progresses from sudden onset, often with dramatic symptoms, to a rapidly attained peak that draws much publicity and is followed by quick disappearance of the symptoms. Over 90% of the affected persons are women, and the symptoms range from dizziness, vomiting, nausea, and fainting to epileptic type seizures, hyperventilation, and skin disorders. The background mechanisms are thought to be generalized beliefs and triggering events which create a sense of threat that leads to a physiological state of arousal. This state, in turn, creates new beliefs which give meaning to the sense of arousal. The new belief spreads through sociometric channels. Predisposing factors include boredom, pressure to produce, physical stressors, poor labor-management relations, and impaired interpersonal communications, and lack of social support. It is important that a thorough investigation be carried out in all instances. Investigation is not only necessary for diagnosis, but it also reassures the management, the employees, and the press that physical factors are unlikely to be responsible for the disease. PMID- 6535253 TI - Unemployment and mental disturbance. AB - Most of the investigations on unemployment and mental disorder tend to indicate that these two issues have a clear, but not very strong, association. The data from these studies seem further to indicate that this association is not a linear cause-effect relationship in either direction, but a circular or interactional relationship. Unemployment may affect mental health by acting as a precipitating factor. But, on the other hand, it is evident that the risk for the mentally disturbed to become unemployed is clearly greater than for other people. Many other factors besides unemployment and mental disorder act in this complex interaction network too. All unemployed are not similar, but such factors as age, education, domicile, family, other social ties, and personality have a great effect on the whole. Work is an important resource for mental health. Unemployment can be regarded as a risk factor because it means that the individual loses the positive and supporting elements which work has. The negative factors are (i) the lack of emotional and economic security, (ii) the perplexity of the time perspective, (iii) isolation, (iv) identity diffusion, and (v) a general sense of frustration. PMID- 6535254 TI - Alcoholism and occupation. AB - Occupational roles are a dominant force in many aspects of social life. Occupation signifies a complex of social and psychological factors that reflect intelligence, education, personality, ambition, social status, and life-style. The consumption of alcohol and alcoholism have many correlations with occupational roles. Mortality from cirrhosis of the liver reflects the per capita consumption of alcohol. In certain occupations such mortality rates are clearly above average. The highest risk is found in occupations associated with the serving of food and beverages. A Finnish study has shown that the alcohol-related use of health services among males is the highest among unskilled workers, painters, seamen, and construction workers and the lowest among executives and farmers. Many population studies have shown that blue-collar workers and laborers have the highest level of drinking. This pattern is not necessarily true among females. The risk factors associated with occupation include the availability of alcohol at work, social pressure to drink on the job, separation from normal social relationships, and freedom from supervision. The opportunity to obtain alcoholic beverages relatively inexpensively, when combined with social pressure by peers to drink heavily, is an especially powerful explanation for high rates of alcoholism within an occupation. PMID- 6535255 TI - Effects of job change on job satisfaction and mental strain. AB - The effect of improved work conditions on symptoms of mental strain was examined in a longitudinal study of metal industry employees. The aim was to study the changes in work conditions, job satisfaction, and indices of mental strain among the employees who were promoted or who changed employer in comparison to those who had stayed in the same job during the five-year follow-up period (matched groups, N 136). During the study period, work content and physical work environment had significantly improved in the job-change group compared to the reference group. Job dissatisfaction, life dissatisfaction, and stress symptoms had decreased significantly in the job-change group. The most powerful predictors of changes in job stress or general mental strain were changes in work content and changes in the quality of the physical work environment. However, the multiple correlations obtained in the regression analyses were not high. PMID- 6535256 TI - Epidemiology and control of schistosomiasis in Southeast Asia. AB - Schistosomiasis in Southeast Asia, caused by Schistosoma japonicum, Schistosoma mekongi and Schistosoma japonicum-like, have been reported from six different countries. The S. japonicum infections are highly prevalent in the Philippines with Oncomelania hupensis quadrasi as the vector snail, and in localized areas in Indonesia with O.h. lindoensis as the snail vector. The S. mekongi infections are recent discovery in the Lower Mekong Basin in Laos and Kampuchea, with Tricula aperta as the vector snail. The S. japonicum-like infections are found as isolated cases diagnosed by the finding of S. japonicum-like eggs in the faeces, rectal biopsy, tissue biopsy or at necropsy in Thailand and Malaysia. The control measures of schistosomiasis have been implemented in the Philippines and Indonesia, while further research studies are being conducted in Thailand and Malaysia. PMID- 6535257 TI - Present research on schistosomiasis in Thailand. AB - The current status of schistosomiasis in Thailand is briefly reviewed. Collaborative research on the Mekong Schistosoma in Thailand and the susceptibilities of the snail intermediate hosts of the schistosomes in Southeast Asia is reported. PMID- 6535258 TI - Schistosomiasis transmission dynamics and control in Southeast Asia. PMID- 6535259 TI - Taxonomy and susceptibilities of molluscan intermediate hosts of human Schistosoma in Southeast Asia. PMID- 6535260 TI - World Health Organization new strategy on schistosomiasis. PMID- 6535261 TI - Ecology of schistosomiasis in Indonesia with certain aspects of control. AB - Intensive studies on schistosomiasis in Indonesia were carried out since 1971. During this period studies on epidemiology of the disease, ecology of the intermediate host and pilot control trials were conducted. In 1975 a schistosomiasis pilot control measures in two endemic villages of Lindu Valley to develop rational and effective methods for schistosomiasis control under local conditions was initiated. The results showed some improvements of sanitation, snail habitats, decreased infection rates among the human population as well as among the rats and the snails. The increase in travel and better transportation, and development of transmigration programmes in recent years in the endemic areas cause some concern, and prevention of the spread of the disease was discussed. PMID- 6535262 TI - The present status of schistosomiasis in Japan. PMID- 6535263 TI - Epidemiology and transmission dynamics; evaluation of control measures by means of annual incidence of infection with Schistosoma japonicum among school children at Dagami, Leyte, Philippines. PMID- 6535264 TI - A brief review of seroepidemiologic and quantitative stool techniques relative to schistosomiasis japonica. PMID- 6535266 TI - Clinical study of Indonesian schistosomiasis at Lindu lake area, Central Sulawesi. AB - A brief report on the clinical studies of schistosomiasis japonica at Langko village in the Lindu lake area was given. The studies consisted of stool surveys, COPT, evaluation of the signs and symptoms of schistosomiasis, determination of the liver and spleen enlargement as well as the disease index and the clinical gradient. It seemed that the stool examinations as well as the COPT were considered sufficient, accurate and practical for mass surveys. The result of evaluation of the signs and symptoms of schistosomiasis at Lindu lake area showed that dermatitis, dysentry, abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting, loss of appetite, weakness, shortness of breath, distension of the abdomen, melena, icterus, and hepatomegaly were found to be significantly different between the schistosomiasis group and the control group. This finding was almost similar to the findings reported by Billings et al. (1946) and Pesigan et al. (1958), only the frequencies of occurrence were different. The clinical gradient of schistosomiasis at Lindu lake area was mostly of the mild type of the disease. PMID- 6535265 TI - Clinical study on hepatosplenomegalic schistosomiasis japonica on Leyte Island: follow-up study 4 years after treatment with praziquantel. PMID- 6535267 TI - SEM studies on differential morphology between the adult Malaysian schistosome and Schistosoma japonicum. PMID- 6535268 TI - Population studies on Oncomelania quadrasi in the field. PMID- 6535269 TI - The effect of interferon on Japanese encephalitis virus in vitro. AB - The studies on the effect of the Recombinant Leukocyte A Interferon (r IFN-alpha A) on 4 local strains of JE virus in Thailand were performed in vitro in our laboratories in Bangkok during August - October 1984. The procedures consisted of the plaque reduction assay and the Rhesus monkey kidney cell line, LLC-MK2 cells. These 4 strains namely Vip, KE-093, KE-094 and KE-095 were isolated from the JE patients in Thailand during 1983-1984. The results revealed that all of the JE virus strains tested were sensitive to the r IFN-alpha A with its minimal effective doses ranging from 30 I.U./ml to 1,500 I.U./ml. The studies on the effects of r IFN-alpha A on JE virus replicating in the cell culture for 0 hour, 1 hour and 6 hours indicated that if the virus had more hours to replicate in the cell culture, higher concentration of the IFN was needed in order to combat the replication of the virus in the cell culture. r IFN-alpha A at higher concentrations showed more efficacy in combating the replication of the JE virus in vitro. PMID- 6535270 TI - [Diet and the progression of chronic renal insufficiency]. PMID- 6535272 TI - [Anatomo-clinical prognostic indices in IgA nephropathy. Prospective study of 41 cases]. PMID- 6535271 TI - [Acute renal insufficiency in multiple myeloma. Ultrastructural study of multinuclear giant cells]. PMID- 6535273 TI - [Multitest system: evaluation of cell-mediated immunity in uremic patients undergoing hemodialysis]. PMID- 6535274 TI - [Urinary protein secretions in diabetes mellitus without clinical signs of nephropathy]. PMID- 6535276 TI - [Lipomatosis of the renal sinus]. PMID- 6535277 TI - [Transurethral resection syndrome. Physiopathology, prevention and therapy. Personal records apropos of 5 cases]. PMID- 6535275 TI - [Crural neuralgia as a manifestation of metastasis of carcinoma of the prostate]. PMID- 6535279 TI - [Current value of hormonotherapy in cancer of the prostate]. PMID- 6535278 TI - [Our experience in the junction syndrome]. PMID- 6535280 TI - [One-stage emergency reconstruction of a urethral rupture caused by severe perineal injury]. PMID- 6535281 TI - [Ovarian vein syndrome. Our experience]. PMID- 6535282 TI - [Obstructive uropathy secondary to a cystocele]. PMID- 6535283 TI - [Spontaneous rupture of the renal pelvis secondary to an obstruction of the ureter caused by a calculus]. PMID- 6535284 TI - [Rhabdomyosarcoma of the prostate]. PMID- 6535285 TI - [Our experience in the diagnosis and pharmacologic treatment of instable bladder]. PMID- 6535286 TI - [Current role of dietetic treatment in chronic renal insufficiency]. PMID- 6535287 TI - [Diabetic nephropathy: diagnosis and clinical course]. PMID- 6535288 TI - [Myth or reality--prevention in nephrology?]. PMID- 6535289 TI - [Renal course in the hypertensive patient]. PMID- 6535290 TI - [Efficacy of therapy in the prevention of hypertensive nephropathy]. PMID- 6535291 TI - [Current possibilities in the prevention of chronic pyelonephritis]. PMID- 6535292 TI - [Preventive value of the treatment of recurrent infected calculosis]. PMID- 6535293 TI - Consideration on present-day management of specialized medical assistance and the methodology of dispensary follow-up for psychic patients. PMID- 6535294 TI - [Smoking and pregnancy]. PMID- 6535295 TI - Correlation link between the size of limitrophe area and the level of radically free peroxide oxidation of lipides (RPOL) within the evolutionary infarct area with rats. PMID- 6535296 TI - The mismanagement of hypertension: doctor's and patient's factors. PMID- 6535297 TI - Distribution of filipin-sterol complexes in rat hepatocytes. AB - Distribution of cholesterol in rat hepatocytes under normal untreated and phenobarbital-treated conditions was studied by freeze-fracturing using filipin. In untreated rat hepatocytes, filipin-sterol complexes were observed on intercellular plasma membranes as well as on lysosomes and microbodies. These complexes were evenly distributed. In phenobarbital-treated rat hepatocytes, filipin-sterol complexes in the lysosomes or microbodies were distributed unevenly. In the bile canaliculi, no filipin-sterol complexes were noted. Based on these findings, the functional state of the organellae concerned was discussed. PMID- 6535299 TI - Reduced fibrinolytic activity in aqueous humor of chronic simple glaucoma. AB - Fibrinolytic activity of aqueous humor was tested by the Astrup fibrin plate lysis technique in 7 patients who had chronic simple glaucoma and was compared with a control group of 7 patients with senile cataract. The plasminogen activator content of aqueous humour in glaucoma patients was remarkably reduced; it was not demonstrable in as many as six out of seven patients. The lysis zones in the control group ranged from 110 to 900 mm2 with an average of 423 mm2. The want of aqueous fibrinolytic activity may have a pathogenetic implication for glaucoma since deposition of fibrin in the angle of the eye to depressed fibrinolytic activity could increase resistance to aqueous flow. PMID- 6535298 TI - Curcuma longa (Linn) drops in corneal wound healing. AB - In this study, an attempt has been made to evaluate the cortisone like inhibitory activity on healing of wounds of curcuma longa extracts-aqueous extract (2.8%) and alcoholic extract (1.125%) on the healing of superficial and penetrating corneal wounds in albino rabbits. It was observed that curcuma longa aqueous drops (a) definitely delayed healing of superficial corneal wounds (P less than 0.001), (b) delayed healing of penetrating corneal wounds also and markedly reduced the tensile strength of corneal wounds (P less than 0.02), when comparison was made with placebo and preservative drops. PMID- 6535300 TI - A quantitative tear fluids determination of therapeutic efficacy for allergic conjunctivitis. AB - A provocation test was conducted with volunteers in 10 cases with seasonal cedar pollinosis during a quiescent stage to determine quantitatively the therapeutic effect of 0.08% Ketotifen eye drops. The efficacy rate of this preparation was found to be 80%. PMID- 6535301 TI - Effects of a "single shot" of urokinase on fibrinolytic activities in patients with IgA nephropathy. AB - A study on the clinical effects of urokinase in patients with IgA nephropathy is described. Three different methods of administration, including single, continuous, and mixed administration, were employed in this study. Measurements of plasminogen, plasmin and alpha 2-plasmin inhibitor levels in plasma were performed during the course of urokinase administration in patients with IgA nephropathy and chronic proliferative glomerulonephritis. Measurements of alpha 1 anti-trypsin and alpha 2-macroglobulin levels were also performed in these patients. Urinalysis was performed both before and after administration of urokinase. It was demonstrated that a single shot of urokinase induced a significant fibrinolytic activity in patients with IgA nephropathy, and that a single shot of urokinase was effective in improving proteinuria and/or hematuria in patients with IgA nephropathy. It is concluded that a single shot of urokinase may be useful for treatment of patients with IgA nephropathy. PMID- 6535302 TI - What are the contents of a hydrocele testis? AB - Relatively large, uninfected hydroceles of the testis were investigated as to the composition of their fluid. The fluid was different from serum and urine, having the urea nitrogen, uric acid, Na and K levels comparable to but the total protein and inorganic phosphorus levels higher than in normal serum. The analysis of hydrocele contents may be useful in ruling out the possibility of another retention tumor, but not useful in determining whether a hydrocele is communicating with the peritoneal cavity. PMID- 6535303 TI - Ultrastructural observations of chorionic villi at term in diabetic women. AB - An electron microscopic study has been performed on placentas from women with maternal diabetes. None of the patients had suffered from any of the hypertensive complications of pregnancy (White's class A). Most villous trophoblasts were morphologically normal and showed features suggestive of normal or increased synthetic transport and excretory activity. These cells appeared to be far more "active" than their counterparts in normal term placentas in that many contained Golgi bodies that were often associated with membrane-bound osmiophilic vesicles. Focal thickening of the trophoblastic basement membrane was seen. The endothelial capillaries contained an excessive number of microfibrillae and micropinocytotic vesicles and appeared unduly immature. Very abundant osmiophilic granules were seen in many villous components, such as syncytiotrophoblasts, stromal fetal endothelial cells, pericytes, Hofbauer cells and fibroblasts. These may have been concerned in the cross-transportation of materials between the maternal intervillous space and the fetal capillaries, rather than the incorporation of substances within them. These morphological changes did not show, however, any specific, constant or uniform pattern of abnormality attributable maternal diabetes. PMID- 6535304 TI - Two adult cases of ectopic kidney. AB - Two patients with ectopic kidney are described here. One was a 33-year-old male with hypertension and heavy proteinuria. The other was a 30-year-old male who had hypospaedia complained of dysuria for 30 years. These two cases were correctly diagnosed after radiographical examinations. Early detection of this disease can be achieved by using some radiographical techniques which is important in managing the future course of patients with ectopic kidney. PMID- 6535305 TI - Changes of plasma bile acid levels and their clinical significance in drug induced liver injury. AB - Previously, the author described bile acid levels in plasma of patients with liver diseases and their clinical significance (8). This paper gives characteristics of changes in bile acid levels and composition in blood plasma of patients with drug-induced liver injury compared with those of other liver diseases and healthy controls. Based on the results, it can be said that bile acid levels in plasma can be utilized as a diagnostic procedure in drug-induced liver injury and the author also wants to stress that we must direct our attention to the appearance of lithocholic acid in plasma of patients with drug induced liver injury because the appearance of lithocholic acid in plasma was one of the outstanding findings in this study. PMID- 6535306 TI - Enzyme histochemical and ultrastructural studies in human adrenal glands of normal and anencephalic fetuses. AB - In order to confirm the functional status of adrenal gland in human anencephalic fetuses, an enzyme histochemical and ultrastructural approach was used to study the adrenocortical cells of normal and anencephalic human fetuses. In the adrenal gland of the anencephalic fetuses (32nd, 34th and 36th week of gestation), enzyme histochemical activities of alkaline phosphatase and acid phosphatase was weaker than those in normal human fetuses (20th and 26th week of gestation). Ultrastructurally, a large number of lipid droplets, rough endoplasmic reticulum, tubular or vesicular profiles of smooth endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria with poorly developed cristae were noted in the cytoplasm. In addition, Golgi complexes and microvilli were very poorly developed. Based on these findings, functional aspects of the adrenal gland in anencephalic fetuses were discussed. PMID- 6535307 TI - Increase in proteinuria and/or microhematuria following upper respiratory tract infections in patients with IgA nephropathy. AB - Exacerbation of urinary abnormalities after upper respiratory tract infections in patients with IgA nephropathy was examined. Twenty patients with IgA nephropathy and fourty patients with other glomerular diseases were evaluated in this study. The incidence of exacerbation in microhematuria after upper respiratory tract infections was significantly higher in patients with IgA nephropathy than those with other glomerular diseases. The improvement of microhematuria after upper respiratory tract infections was significantly delayed in some patients with IgA nephropathy. It is indicated that upper respiratory tract infections might be a risk factor of exacerbation in patients with IgA nephropathy. PMID- 6535308 TI - Detection of polymeric IgA in sera from patients with IgA nephropathy determined by thin-layer gel filtration. AB - Polymeric IgA in sera was determined by thin-layer gel filtration in patients with IgA nephropathy, other glomerular diseases, IgA myeloma and healthy adults to determine whether serum IgA is composed of a monomeric and/or larger polymers in these patients. The levels of IgA in sera were also quantitated by laser nephelometer in these patients. Eleven patients with IgA nephropathy (Berger's disease), six patients with other glomerular diseases, three patients with IgA myeloma and four healthy adults were examined. It was shown that the polymerized IgA in sera from patients with IgA nephropathy was significantly higher than that in sera from patients with other glomerular diseases and healthy adults. Levels of IgA in sera from patients with IgA nephropathy are significantly higher than that in sera from patients with other glomerular diseases and healthy adults. These findings suggest that an increase in serum IgA from patients with IgA nephropathy may be mainly due to an increase in polymers rather than the monomer of IgA. PMID- 6535309 TI - Changes in plasma bile acid levels following challenge test for drug suspected to cause liver injury and their clinical significance in drug-induced liver injury. AB - In this paper, changes in total bile acid levels in comparison with serial results of conventional blood biochemical analyses in the clinical course after a challenge test for a drug suspected of causing liver injury in five patients with drug-induced liver injury were described and the clinical significance was discussed. On the basis of this investigation, it can be concluded that the estimation of bile acid levels in plasma in the clinical course after the challenge test increases the diagnostic and discriminatory capacities of liver function tests in drug-induced liver injury, i.e., total and basic bile acid levels in plasma promptly reflect altered hepatic cell function after the challenge test. PMID- 6535310 TI - Fertilization in mammals. PMID- 6535311 TI - A study of correlation between histological, staging classification and prognosis of malignant lymphoma. AB - In order to study the relationship between histological staging classification and prognosis, 62 cases of malignant lymphoma were analyzed retrospectively according to each histological type and staging classification during the last eight years (1976-1983). The findings obtained from this study were as follows: The incidence of malignant lymphoma in this department (Fourth Department of Internal Medicine, Tokai University) almost coincided with that reported before. Patients with Hodgkin's disease had almost the same results as that reported before even in the advanced stage. The prognosis of patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma was almost the same as that previously reported. PMID- 6535312 TI - Hyperbaric diuresis at a thermoneutral 31 ATA He-O2 environment. AB - The basic pattern of body water exchange was studied in four Japanese male divers during exposure to a thermoneutral 31 ATA (He-O2) environment for 3 d (Seadragon V). The hyperbaric chamber temperature was raised from 25 degrees C +/- 0.5 degrees C at 1 ATA (air) predive to 31.5 degrees C +/- 0.3 degrees C at 31 ATA. Both rectal and mean skin temperatures were measured every hour (including during sleep) and were maintained at the same level at both pressures. The exposure to 31 ATA induced an increase in the daily urine flow and a corresponding reduction in the insensible (and evaporative) water loss without changing the total daily water output. However, the daily fluid intake decreased by 600 ml at 31 ATA, and hence the divers developed a state of negative fluid balance, as reflected by a reduction in body weight and an increase in hematocrit. All changes in the pattern of body water exchange observed at 31 ATA were gradually reversed during subsequent decompression. As observed in a previous dive to 31 ATA (Seadragon IV) in which there was a subtle cold stress (as indicated by the 1 degree C reduction in mean skin temperature at 31 ATA), the increase in daily urine flow at pressure was almost entirely due to the increase in overnight urine flow. However, the hyperbaric nocturia observed in the present dive was a water diuresis in nature whereas that in the previous dive was an osmotic diuresis. These results indicate that the hyperbaric diuresis at 31 ATA is due to an increase in overnight urine flow and that the hyperbaric nocturia is not in any way related to the subtle cold stress attendant in many hyperbaric environments. PMID- 6535313 TI - Decompression induced nitrogen elimination. AB - A method for measuring nitrogen elimination after air diving has been developed in which a subject breathes air instead of oxygen or helium-oxygen. Accuracy is improved with this method because only nitrogen absorbed during the dive is eliminated. Nitrogen stored in the lungs and tissues at sea level is unaffected. Measurements were made with a closed-circuit breathing apparatus using a spirometer as a counterlung. The oxygen partial pressure in the apparatus was controlled at 0.209 +/- 0.003 atm. The spirometer volume was recorded periodically with the subject holding his breath at functional residual capacity. Increases in spirometer volume were used to define a nitrogen elimination curve. Elimination measurements were made after resting and exercising dives to 60, 100, and 130 fsw (2.8, 4.0, and 4.9 atm) at the U.S. Navy no-decompression exposure limits. Exercise during a dive increased the volume of nitrogen eliminated after the dive, but results for both resting and exercising divers were variable. Possible causes of this variability include bubble formation and changes in blood flow. PMID- 6535314 TI - Two unusual cases of severe dysbarism after compressed air work in Hong Kong. AB - Two cases of unusual severe dysbarism are reported. One case occurred after working in compressed air at a pressure of 2.05 kg/cm2 (29 psi) for a duration of 27 min; the second case, after working for a duration of 6 h at a pressure of only 1.0 kg/cm2 (14.2 psi). The first case presented a combination of symptoms resembling "the chokes" and "the staggers," progressing into shock probably due to micro-air embolism. The second suffered chest pain and "the chokes," complicated by an underlying chest infection. Both were treated successfully by recompression. PMID- 6535315 TI - Decompression from a deep nitrogen/oxygen saturation dive--a case report. AB - Ten divers participated in a 4.5 d nitrogen/oxygen saturation dive to 165 fsw. There were daily 2 h excursions to 61 msw (200 fsw). The divers breathed air during the excursions and 0.51 bar (0.5 atm) oxygen in nitrogen at 50.3 msw (165 fsw). The final decompression began 6 h after the last excursion. The oxygen partial pressure was 0.51 bar (0.5 atm) from 50.3 to 13.7 msw (165 to 45 fsw), and air was used from 13.7 msw (45 fsw) to the surface. By 6.1 msw (20 fsw), four divers had developed decompression sickness. A fifth diver developed decompression sickness during a commercial air flight 68 h after surfacing. Comparison of ascent rates for this dive and for air or nitrogen/oxygen saturation dives reported in the literature suggests that deeper dives require slower rates of ascent. Dives shallower than 30.5 msw (100 fsw) had a mean ascent rate of 1 msw/h (3.2 fsw/h) and 14 decompression incidents in 107 man-exposures. Dives deeper than 30.5 msw (100 fsw) had a mean rate of 0.76 msw/h (2.5 fsw/h) and 14 incidents in 45 man-exposures. PMID- 6535316 TI - Health risk factors for the development of decompression sickness among U.S. Navy divers. AB - The relationship between the health status and physical characteristics of 185 U.S. Navy divers and their risk for experiencing decompression sickness was examined utilizing historical cohort design. Data on multiphasic medical examinations performed on these men between 1972-1978 were obtained. Cases of decompression sickness before and after examination were identified. Divers who did experience decompression sickness either before or after examination had significantly higher measures of skinfold thickness and weight when compared to those who remained free of decompression sickness. Those divers in the highest quartile of each of three significant skinfold thicknesses measured had risks for decompression sickness that were generally 9 to 10 times as great as those calculated for the combined lower 3 quartiles and 5 to 6 times as great as the average crude risk calculated for all Navy divers over the past 5 yr. These findings suggest that obesity may be a contributory factor to the occurrence of decompression sickness. PMID- 6535317 TI - Outline of medical standards for divers. AB - Information required for the medical examination of sport, commercial, and military divers is provided. The paper adheres to an outline format and covers the diver's medical history as well as specific points to look for in the physical and laboratory examination. Numerous disqualifying conditions are listed and they are divided into absolute contraindications and relative contraindications. Physical work capacity standards are also included as well as pressure and oxygen testing. References have been drawn from the international literature, and sources of additional medical information are provided. PMID- 6535318 TI - Strategies for preventing diving injuries. PMID- 6535320 TI - An evaluation of 820 orbital cases. AB - Eight hundred twenty clinical orbital cases have been reviewed as seen over a 34 year period. These are tabulated as to classification, numbers, and percentages. They include biopsy-proven (450 cases) and other clinical cases. These are patients seen by ophthalmologists practicing in an average community area rather than a large referral center and thus may be more truly representative of what might be encountered in practice. Any series has a certain bias. The advantage of a biopsy-proven series is recognized for the certainty and prognostic aspect. A clinical series represents a wider practical correlation and may include cases not likely to be biopsied, such as hemangioma. It is hoped that the percentage figures of these types of cases will help the clinician in his diagnostic evaluation of patients with orbital lesions. In this series 34% of the orbital lesions were malignant which warrants an aggressive approach for such cases rather than conservative supervision. Because of the very limited number or absence of some types of cases even in a large clinical or biopsy-proven series, I feel it warrants the development of a standard classification of lesions to be used by everyone. Also, assembling the data on infrequent types of lesions from a number of medical centers would give a much larger series and would have a more meaningful prognostic significance. This might be accomplished through one of our national ophthalmologic societies. PMID- 6535319 TI - Orbital cellulitis following dental extraction. PMID- 6535321 TI - Cyclic vertical deviation. AB - A 34-year-old Caucasian woman underwent craniofacial surgery for fronto-orbital fibrous dysplasia. She developed vertical diplopia for 10 months after surgery, which then disappeared for 1 month. The deviation returned with a circadian pattern, 24 hours of hypertropia and exotropia with diplopia alternating with 24 hours of straight eyes and fusion. Three months after the onset of this pattern, surgery was performed, resulting in straight eye position and fusion daily. The similarities to cyclic esotropia are discussed. The etiology of circadian strabismus remains unknown. PMID- 6535323 TI - YAG laser anterior capsulotomy. PMID- 6535322 TI - Changing indications for cataract surgery. AB - Despite the fact that two community-based surgeons switched from routine intracapsular cataract extraction to planned extracapsular cataract surgery and routine implantation of posterior chamber lenses, they did not materially increase the size of their surgical load or change their indications for cataract surgery. In contrast a similar change in surgical technique by two high-referral hospital-based surgeons was associated with a marked increase in operative rates and increased preoperative acuity. A significant proportion of this change appeared to represent reduced reluctance toward monocular cataract surgery. By eliminating the aniseikonia of monocular aphakic and visual distortion of aphakic spectacle correction, use of IOLs appears to have contributed to changing indications for cataract surgery among some ophthalmologists. A larger, more comprehensive study would be needed to determine the full extent of these trends. PMID- 6535324 TI - The histopathology of intraocular lenses. AB - Seventeen eyes from patients who had had successful intraocular lens surgery were obtained after the patients died: 14 posterior chamber lenses, 2 anterior chamber lenses, and 1 iris fixation lens. None of these lenses showed significant inflammatory reaction or scarring. Despite iris tucking in the eyes with anterior chamber lenses and asymmetrical supporting loop location in the eyes with posterior chamber lenses, the intraocular lenses seemed to function well. PMID- 6535325 TI - Retinal damage from the illumination of the operating microscope: an experimental study in pseudophakic monkeys. PMID- 6535326 TI - Behcet's syndrome: treatment with chlorambucil. PMID- 6535328 TI - Techniques of argon laser iridectomy. PMID- 6535327 TI - Glaucoma filtering surgery factors that determine pressure control. AB - Factors that determine pressure control after filtering surgery were studied in 194 eyes of 158 patients in a retrospective study. Emphasis was placed on the cumulative probability method of Kaplan and Meier and multiple regression analysis. Aphakic and the presence of a surgical bleb were the most important factors. Age and type of surgical procedure were next. Race and race-sex interaction were the least important factors. The above factors accounted for only 6% to 16% of the total variance. The difference between eyes of the same patient was less than that between paired eyes of different patients but the former was surprisingly high. In the selected group of successful cases without medication the postoperative pressure was independent of the baseline pressure and choice of surgical procedure. PMID- 6535329 TI - Effect of soft contact lenses on experimental Pseudomonas and Candida keratitis. PMID- 6535330 TI - Sequential vitreous fluorophotometry in diabetes mellitus: a five-year prospective study. AB - Fifty-nine patients with juvenile-onset, insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus were followed for 5 years with sequential retinal photographs and ocular fluorophotometry. Very good metabolic control with a mean hemoglobin A1C level of 8.8% was maintained with conventional twice daily insulin injections. The incidence of retinopathy during the initial 10 years of the disease was considerably lower than that in previously reported series. The incidence of the development of retinopathy within the first 5 to 7 years of diabetes was 0 compared to a previous predicted incidence of 44%. It was possible to separate patients with diabetes mellitus without visible retinopathy from a group of normal control subjects. In this group of patients high hemoglobin A1C levels and thickened capillary basement membranes were not predictive of the development of progression of retinopathy. High vitreous fluorescein values and simultaneously high aqueous and vitreous fluorescein values were indicative of the presence of retinopathy or were harbingers of the development or progression of retinopathy. Disease duration was the single most important factor in determining the prevalence of retinopathy. PMID- 6535331 TI - Computer-assisted perimetry in visual pathway disease: neuro-ophthalmic applications. PMID- 6535332 TI - Association of American Physicians. Presidential address. PMID- 6535333 TI - Dietary deprivation of linolenic acid in rhesus monkeys: effects on plasma and tissue fatty acid composition and on visual function. PMID- 6535334 TI - Electrolyte composition and equilibrium in hemoglobin CC red blood cells. AB - The red cells of two patients with homozygous hemoglobin C disease (CC) were found to have reduced cation and water content when compared to the red cells of two normal subjects that contained only hemoglobin A (AA). The reduction in cation content was of such a magnitude that the intracellular chloride and hydroxyl (and proton) concentrations were within normal limits despite a measured reduction in the concentration of impermeant negative anions in CC as compared with AA cells of 40 mEq/kg of dry cell solids. The osmotic coefficient of hemoglobin C in CC cells was found to be similar to that observed for hemoglobin A in AA cells. We found no evidence for increased amounts of bound or osmotically abnormal water in CC cells. The reduction in cell cation content in CC cells is mainly due to a reduction in cell K content. The reduced K content is probably related to an increased ouabain- and furosemide-insensitive pathway for K transport in CC cells. PMID- 6535336 TI - Group diversity as a threat to individual economy in ordering diagnostic procedures. PMID- 6535335 TI - Milrinone: a positive inotropic vasodilator. PMID- 6535337 TI - Are colon bacteria a major source of cobalamin analogues in human tissues? 24-hr human stool contains only about 5 micrograms of cobalamin but about 100 micrograms of apparent analogue (and 200 micrograms of folate). PMID- 6535338 TI - The Will Rogers phenomenon: improved technologic diagnosis and stage migration as a source of nontherapeutic improvement in cancer prognosis. PMID- 6535339 TI - Return of hypertension after withdrawal of prolonged antihypertensive therapy, effect of weight loss, sodium reduction, and baseline factors. AB - The effect of dietary modification on continued blood pressure control after discontinuation of antihypertensive therapy has been studied. Participants who had been treated for 5 years in the Hypertension Detection and Follow-up Program were enrolled and randomly assigned to continue medication, discontinue medication with no dietary intervention, discontinue medication and reduce weight, discontinue medication and reduce sodium groups. Relapse of hypertension was slow, even without dietary modification. Both weight loss and sodium restriction slowed relapse. The severity of the hypertension and the number of drugs required for hypertension control had a marked effect on the rate of relapse. Relapse was slowest in the participants who had attained the lowest blood pressure on therapy. PMID- 6535340 TI - Ethanol potentiates squamous metaplasia of the rat trachea caused by vitamin A deficiency. AB - The effect of ethanol consumption on the development of squamous metaplasia of the trachea caused by vitamin A deficiency was studied in rats fed for 8-14 weeks with either normal vitamin A-containing diets or diets lacking vitamin A. Littermates were pair-fed the same diets with carbohydrates (36% of energy) replaced by ethanol. In rats fed the normal vitamin A diet with or without ethanol the tracheal mucosa was lined by a pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium; no squamous metaplasia was observed. Serum vitamin A was normal in both groups. Squamous metaplasia was noted in 4 of 7 rats fed the vitamin A-free diet and in 6 of 7 animals fed the vitamin A-free diet plus ethanol; the lesions were present in 48 and 68% of all the sections, respectively. Furthermore, the most severe lesions were seen only in the vitamin A-free diet plus ethanol group. Serum vitamin A was low in both groups. Ethanol consumption also results in lysosomal and ciliary abnormalities in the ciliated cells of the tracheal epithelia that were not as yet involved in the formation of squamous metaplasia. Thus, these synergistic effects of vitamin A deficiency and ethanol could contribute to the enhanced incidence of respiratory cancer seen in the alcoholic. PMID- 6535341 TI - Chromogranin A: studies in the endocrine system. PMID- 6535342 TI - Episodic angioedema associated with eosinophilia. AB - Four patients with recurrent attacks of angioedema, urticaria, and fever were seen. During attacks, body weights increased up to 18% and leukocyte counts reached 108,000/microliters (88% eosinophils). Glucocorticoid therapy caused defervescence, diuresis, and decreased total leukocyte and eosinophil counts. The two children received prednisone intermittently; the adults did not require treatment or their conditions were controlled by alternate-day prednisone administration. No patient had evidence of cardiac involvement (follow-up, 2-17 years). The disease does not threaten the function of vital organs. One patient remained in spontaneous remission for 20 years before symptoms recurred. Although it might be classified as a variant of the hypereosinophilic syndrome, we believe that this syndrome is a separate entity because of its distinctive characteristics and its benign course. PMID- 6535343 TI - IgE-mediated leukotriene release in vitro and in vivo. PMID- 6535344 TI - Intratracheal instillation of collagen peptides induces a neutrophil influx in rat lungs. PMID- 6535345 TI - The effects of calcium and vitamin D metabolites on cytoplasmic mRNA coding for pre-proparathyroid hormone in isolated parathyroid cells. PMID- 6535346 TI - Vasoactive intestinal peptide relaxes isolated strips of human bronchus, pulmonary artery, and lung parenchyma. AB - VIP, an endogenous neuropeptide normally present in lungs and other organs, relaxes isolated strips of human bronchus, pulmonary artery, and lung parenchyma in vitro. Pretreatment of these tissues with indomethacin (1 micrograms/ml) markedly enhances the basal tone and the relaxant effect of VIP. The VIP-induced relaxation, especially of pulmonary artery, has a long duration. As a relaxant of human pulmonary arterial strip, VIP is approximately 200 times as potent as prostacyclin, on a molar basis. The results suggest a possible role for VIP as a modulator of airway and pulmonary vascular tone, and as a potential bronchodilator and pulmonary vasodilator in human subjects. PMID- 6535347 TI - Mechanism triggering platelet hemostatic plug formation in vivo. PMID- 6535348 TI - Development of an instrument to explore psychological mediators of outcome in chronic arthritis. PMID- 6535349 TI - Rapid thyroid hormone action in vitro in the absence of new protein synthesis. AB - Studies were carried out on the effect of triiodothyronine (T3) on the oxygen consumption of dispersed rat liver cells incubated for 2 hr at 37 degrees C. Thyroidectomized SD-NIH rats were kept on a low iodine diet with calcium chloride in the drinking water for 4 weeks or longer to assure hypothyroidism, verified by low serum thyroxine and T3 concentrations. Liver cells were obtained by portal vein perfusion with oxygenated collagenase-enriched Krebs-Ringer-bicarbonate buffer, after the method of Berry and Friend. Cell viability was evaluated by morphology, by trypan blue exclusion, and by biochemical parameters prior to 2-hr incubations with or without added hormone. The oxygen consumption of cell suspensions was measured with the Clark oxygen electrode after the 2-hr incubations at 37 degrees C with oxygenation of the flasks and alanine (5-10 mM) as substrate. In 31 experiments the oxygen consumption (QO2) was enhanced to 121% of control values with T3 in the medium at 3.3 nM ("physiological" level) and with an even greater effect (138% of control values) with 300-1000 nM T3 ("hyperthyroid" level). Cycloheximide at 100 microM was used to inhibit new protein synthesis by incubated hepatocytes. In 18 parallel experiments with cycloheximide blockade, no alteration of the stimulatory effect of T3 was evident. The results signify that incubated liver cells show an early response to thyroid hormone by extranuclear pathways that do not require new protein synthesis. PMID- 6535350 TI - Enhancement of chemotaxis and protection of mice from infection. PMID- 6535351 TI - Insufflated red cells protect lungs from hyperoxic damage: role of red cell glutathione in scavenging toxic O2 radicals. AB - Hyperoxia-mediated pulmonary damage may involve formation of toxic oxygen species such as superoxide, hydrogen peroxide, and hydroxyl radical. Intact red cells evidently scavenge these when insufflated in small numbers into the tracheobronchial tree of rats. Such manipulation protects hyperoxic rats for prolonged periods of time and preserves normal pulmonary histology. Of several potential oxygen metabolite scavengers, a role for red cell glutathione seems particularly likely. It has not escaped our attention that an ironic, and previously unsuspected, connotation of our results emerges: namely, that a small degree of spontaneous alveolar bleeding, which is not an uncommon feature in respiratory distress situations, may actually be beneficial to patients- particularly those ventilated with excessive inspired oxygen concentrations. If confirmatory studies from other laboratories are forthcoming, the tracheal insufflation of autologous red cells in ventilated patients might be considered in the future. PMID- 6535352 TI - Hypohaptoglobinemia: a possible predisposition to epilepsy. PMID- 6535353 TI - [Lectins in seeds of Papilionoideae (Leguminosae) of Venezuela]. PMID- 6535354 TI - [Dermatoglyphics in a sample of the Venezuelan population]. PMID- 6535355 TI - [Diltiazem in esophageal motility disorders]. AB - The effects of the calcium blocking agent diltiazem upon esophageal motility was studied with electromanometric technique in 23 patients. In 10 achalasic patients lower esophageal sphincter pressure was reduced in 40.1%, in the remaining 13 in only 19.15%. Other parameters showed only minor changes such as reduction in the pressure of contractile waves in the body of the esophagus. PMID- 6535356 TI - [Megaesophagus secondary to carcinoma of the cardia: apropos of 4 cases]. AB - Four cases of megaesophagus with esophageal motor disturbances secondary to adenocarcinoma of the cardia are hereby reported. There were common characteristics to all cases such as: 1) short duration of symptoms, 2) grade II megaesophagus by X-Rays with narrowing of the cardia, 3) the endoscopy showed esophageal dilatation and inability to pass the cardia with the endoscope, 4) histology (obtained by endoscopy or surgery) and exfoliative cytology were positive for malignancy, 5) the esophageal motility tests showed aperistalsis of the whole esophagus in all cases, and lack of relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter in two. The urecholine test was positive in one patient with neoplastic infiltration of the myenteric plexus, 6) in two cases where esophageal resection was performed, infiltration of the Auerbach's plexus by cancer cells was proven. We conclude that in the presence of aperistalsis of the esophagus with or without achalasia of the lower esophageal sphincter, the diagnosis of megaesophagus secondary to cancer of the gastric fundus should be suspected when it is not possible to pass the cardia with the endoscope, even if biopsy and cytology are negative for malignancy. PMID- 6535357 TI - [Primary malignant melanoma of the esophagus associated with melanosis of the esophagus and stomach]. AB - A case of malignant melanoma primary of the esophagus with association to melanosis of the esophagus and stomach is presented, with outlive of 18 months. Considerations about esophagic origin of the lesion are made, emphasizing that the existing melanosis, the junctional changes and the absence of another primary localization lets us certificate the presence primary esophagus melanoma. The therapeutic criteria used in this case has been described therein before guide lines. PMID- 6535358 TI - [Alcoholic hepatitis: prospective clinical study of 20 cases]. AB - Twenty cases of alcoholic hepatitis were registered in a Gastroenterology Service during a two year span (from February 1980 to February 1982). The obstructive clinical pattern was predominant in an important number of the cases her reported. This is a remarkable situation for a clinical pathological correlationship to avoid indicating surgery for this type of patients. It is noticeable that the quantities and time of alcohol ingestion are below the levels indicated in medical papers used as reference. It is suggested that altitude hypoxia may be the cause for our patients being more liable to alcohol injury. Symptoms and laboratory findings were similar to the accepted patterns of reference works. PMID- 6535359 TI - [Epithelial changes in the anal canal associated with hemorrhoids, fissures and fistulas]. AB - A retrospective study of 118 cases of haemorrhoids (77 cases), fissures (7 cases) and fistulas (34 cases) was done to demonstrate epithelial changes in each of the three microscopic components (transitional, rectal mucosa and keratinized squamous epithelium) of the anal canal. Histopathologically the three main lesion were metaplasia (16.9%), dysplasia (13.5%) and Koilocytotic changes (11.8%). On the other hand, the metaplastic lesion was found only on the rectal mucosa (100%), dysplasia was demonstrated on the rectal mucosa (9.8%) and on the transitional zone (21.5%). Finally koilocytosis was diagnosed only on the anal skin. The authors believe that the histopathology study (biopsy) is the best choice for the establishment of the preneoplastic lesions (dysplasia) in terms of an early detection of malignancy on the anal canal. PMID- 6535360 TI - [Classification of diarrhea according to the concept of sorption]. PMID- 6535361 TI - [Double inferior vena cava with right retrocaval ureter. A case report]. PMID- 6535362 TI - [Morphological studies of the so-called Adachi's C-type brachial plexus. 2. Fasciculation of the plexus and segmental constitution of the nerves]. PMID- 6535363 TI - [Hamartoma of the retropharyngeal space]. AB - A case of Hamartoma of the retropharyngeal space is presented. A description of the concept of "Hamartoma" is made and a review is made of the literature on this matter in the Head and Neck region. PMID- 6535364 TI - [Peripheral neurogenic syndrome of the larynx. Retrospective statistical study of 150 cases]. AB - A statistical review of 150 cases of peripheral neurogen syndrome of the larynx investigated with electrodiagnosis reveals that: The left side is significantly more frequently affected than the right side, but only if the level of the lesion is located below the inferior ganglion of the vagus nerve. The clinical investigation is insufficient for estimating either the total or the partial character of the lesion. The intermediate position is significantly suggestive for a total denervation. Occurrence of the various etiological factors is statistically different for unilateral and bilateral lesions. PMID- 6535365 TI - Management to prevent high-sited recurrence of pharyngo-laryngeal cancers. AB - The development of reconstructional techniques in cervico-facial surgery has led to the proposal of surgical solutions, in conjunction with radiotherapy, for the extensive epidermoid carcinomas of the oropharynx and hypopharynx that were formerly rejected by the surgeon. However these stage III or IV epidermoid carcinomas carry a heavy proportion of "high" recurrences, i.e. situated in the parapharyngeal, oropharyngeal and rhinopharyngeal regions. The reasons for this are: the lymphatic continuity between the oro- and hypopharynx and the parapharyngeal regions and the base of the skull; the limitation of neck dissections higher up at the tip of the mastoid and the lower parotid border; the limitation of postoperative irradiation directed upwards. Therefore for these lesions we propose an extended therapeutic programme comprising pre-operative chemotherapy based on cisplatinum, bleomycin and methotrexate, an adequately wide surgical resection followed by reconstruction and an irradiation extending upwards by two lateral fields to the oropharynx, the rhinopharynx and the parapharynx. PMID- 6535366 TI - [Personal experience with sinus endoscopy. Apropos of 120 cases of chronic sinusitis]. AB - One hundred and twenty adults have benefitted from a full staging of their chronic maxillary sinusitis. The authors detail the place of endoscopy in the assessment and management of the different clinical presentations. The endoscopy will be useful only if a systematic examination is performed, of nose and paranasal cavities, both optically and manometrically. Nature and severity of the disease can be evaluated by summarizing of the patient findings of story, clinical, radiological examinations and biological data. Endoscopy constitutes nor a valuable diagnostic tool, nor a therapeutic approach, conducting conservative treatment and avoiding some radical surgery. PMID- 6535367 TI - [Eye movements induced by the parallel-swing method in rabbits]. AB - Eye movements induced by sinusoidal linear accelerations generated by the parallel-sled, have been recorded by means of monocular electronystagmographic recordings in the horizontal and vertical plane. Qualitatively the recorded eye movements are vertical sinusoidal eye movements. When the sled moves to the right, the right eye moves upward, and the left eye downward. When the sled moves to the left, the inverse takes place. This seems to suggerate that the vestibulo ocular reflex tested here, tries to compensate an imaginary rotation of the laboratory animal in the direction of the resultant acceleration stimulus. The false difference between the two eyes is 180 degrees, independant of the frequency of the sled. The false-difference between the sled and the eye movements increases with the frequency. The natural frequency is 0,6 Hz. The maximal amplitude is reached at the same frequency of 0,6 Hz (resonance frequency). Artefacts are present from the frequency of 0,8 Hz on. These are caused by movements of the needle electrodes on their own, due to the big accelerations on these frequencies. They are clearly distinguishable from the real eye movements. The gain "G" is incomplete, higher for the lower frequencies (0,5 for 0,3 Hz), and lower for the higher frequencies (0,1 for 0,8 Hz). PMID- 6535368 TI - Age-related changes in rat brain dopaminergic receptors. AB - The number (Bmax) and affinity (Kd) of [3H] spiroperidol binding sites in the cerebral cortex, striatum and hypothalamus of 2-, 10- and 22-month old male Wistar rats (20 rats per group) injected i. p. for 10 days with saline, L-DOPA (250 mg/kg) or haloperidol (1 mg/kg) were determined in the presence of 10(-6) M unlabelled haloperidol. The Bmax values in the three brain structures studied decreased with aging in both controls and L-DOPA- or haloperidol-treated rats. The Kd values increased with age. That specific [3H] spiroperidol binding was determined through displacement of the labelled ligand by haloperidol suggested that an age-related loss of dopamine receptors occurred in the brain structures studied. However, considering the fact that in the cerebral cortex [3H] spiroperidol labels a subclass of serotonin receptors (5-HT2) rather than DA receptors, the present results, particularly those concerning the cerebral cortex, suggest an age-related decrease also in the number of 5-HT receptors in this cerebral structure. PMID- 6535369 TI - Pharmacological and toxicological studies of an original xanthine derivative with bronchodilatating activity. AB - The article studies the pharmacological properties and the toxicity of the original theophylline derivative G112: 7-/2-bis-/2-hydroxy-ethyl/-aminoethyl/-1,3 dimethylxanthine tartarate, synthesized by Y. Gagaouzov and P. Peykov. Considerable bronchorelaxing activity, measurable with novphylline, has been found in experiments in vivo, as well as in isolated tracheal preparations contracted by various spasmogens. In equimolar concentrations the compound has a weaker inhibitory effect on the phosphodiesterase in the lungs and the brain, compared with theophylline, and it almost does not activate the myocardiac phosphorylase "a" and the lipolysis. A weak and brief hypotensive effect has been established, moderate diuretic action and excitatory effect on the central nervous system, similar to that of novphylline. The compound has considerably lower toxicity than novphylline and it does not lead to changes in the body weight and in the basic haematological and biochemical parameters after treatment of rats for three months. PMID- 6535370 TI - Neuro-endocrine effects of isotheoline. AB - Experiments are carried out to study the effect of isotheoline (IST) on the secretion of prolactin (PRL), somatotrophic hormone (STH) and testosterone, using cats and Wistar albino rats of both sexes. PRL, STH and testosterone using cats and wistar albino rats of both sexes. PRL, STH and testosterone were determined radioimmunologically at the 10th, 60th and 120th min after the administration of IST in doses of 0.5 to 5 mg/kg. Comparative experiments were carried out with bromocryptine and glaucine--1 mg/kg i.p., as well as experiments involving the administration of IST on the background of the dopaminergic antagonists haloperidol and pymoside--1 mg/kg i.p. The results obtained show that in doses not exceeding 1 mg/ks IST increases the plasma level of testosterone and, similar to bromocryptine, reduces the plasma level of PRL and increases that of STH. These effects are less pronounced for the 5 mg/kg dose and they are antagonized by the dopaminergic antagonists used. It is assumed that IST, similar to bromocryptine, achieves the described effects through selective stimulation of the D2 dopaminergic receptors involved in neuro-endocrine mechanisms responsible for the control and release of the hormones studied. PMID- 6535372 TI - [Transference in psychoses]. AB - It is essential to have a concept of psychosis, based on a psychoanalitic pattern of the functioning of mental life. A dynamic differential diagnosis of the different types of psychosis should be done. Speaking about "the" transference in "the" psychosis leads to confusions that render inoperative the theories and techniques used in the treatment of the psychotic structures. Considering the transferences as an unattainable part of reality that keeps on passing from one structure to another, it has different features in the different types of psychosis. In a broad sense it is also present in all the forms of relationships of human beings. It is the essential factor of a communicational style. PMID- 6535371 TI - Changes in the brain biogenic monoamines of rats, induced by piracetam and aniracetam. AB - Single oral dose of 600 mg/kg weight piracetam, respectively 50 mg/kg aniracetam, causes essential changes in the level and turnover of dopamine (DA) and serotonin (5-HT) in some rat cerebral structures. When the animals were killed one hour after the administration of the drugs, piracetam significantly increased the DA level in the cerebral cortex and in the striatum, as well as the 5-HT level in the cortex, reducing the 5-HT level in the striatum, brain stem and hypothalamus. At the same time, under the effect of piracetam the DA turnover was accelerated in the cortex and hypothalamus and delayed in the striatum, the noradrenaline turnover was accelerated in the brain stem, the 5-HT turnover was accelerated in the cortex and delayed in the striatum, stem and hypothalamus. Under the effect of aniracetam the DA level was reduced in the striatum and hypothalamus; the 5-HT level was also decreased in the hypothalamus and increased in the cortex and striatum. Aniracetam delayed the DA turnover in the striatum and the 5-HT turnover in the hypothalamus, accelerating the 5-HT turnover in the cortex, striatum and stem. The results obtained show that the changes induced in the cerebral biogenic monoamines participate in the mechanism of action of piracetam and aniracetam, whereby it seems that the analogies and differences in their effects on the cerebral biogenic monoamines play a definite role for the observed analogies and differences in the behavioural effects of these two "nootropic" compounds. PMID- 6535373 TI - [The meaning of "proper" death]. AB - Man has been reduced by technical civilization to an assembly of cards, numbers and curves. "Dehumanization of death" leads us to "redefine the meaning of proper death". Human death is not primarily a biological fact, because man is not merely body, mere organism (Korper). The human body is only revealed when understood as living body (corps vecu) or body proper (Leib). If my body is limited to the physiological body, in death the self is defeated as a thing that is ended. . . "man is an useless passion". . . But, does death extinguish the sense of human life? PMID- 6535374 TI - [The usual forms of clinical thought]. AB - The present paper focuses on the forms of clinical thought; its objective is to characterize those forms which are usual, in an attempt to contribute to increased methodological knowledge. Psychologists were observed while attending to individual patients in order to carry out personality diagnosis. These observations were analyzed, and as a result fifteen distinct forms or modalities of clinical thought were arrived at. The study was intended to introduce a certain systematization into the area of clinical thought as it occurs in personally diagnosis and thus widen conceptions concerning this diagnosis. Its aim is to serve as an aid in teaching and a contribution to the practice of psychological diagnosis. PMID- 6535375 TI - [Family characteristics of youngsters attempting suicide in Campinas, Brazil: a comparative study with normal and psychiatric youngsters]. AB - A clinical-epidemiological study of the type of case-control, in which the group of cases was made up of 50 youngsters, between 12 and 27, who had attempted suicide some days before, was carried out. This group was matched by age, sex and social-economic level with two control groups. One was made up of 50 normal youngsters (each pair selected at random, in the same district where the case lived), and the other one made up of 50 youngsters who had come for their first psychiatric visit, and had no suicidal antecedents. When the three groups were compared, it was noticed that the suicidal group revealed: a deeper parental gap, these gaps manifested earlier, the relationship between parents was worse. There was a higher rate of somatic and mental diseases and alcoholism, and the family had more legal problems. Three criteria for broken homes were used, and in all of them the proportion of the suicidal groups was much higher. These data were discussed together with clinical results with the finality of suggesting that such family traits hinder the normal separation-individuation phase, keeping the patient at symbiotic regressive phases, which are intensified at adolescence. The breaking up or threat of breaking up of these symbiotic connections (commonly with sexual partners) leads to sexual acting out and suicidal attempts. PMID- 6535376 TI - [Role of the mentally retarded graduates of special schools]. AB - The purpose of this investigation was to establish approaches that match a scientific knowledge of the role played by the mentally retarded person who has completed his studies at a Special School. The idea is to learn if he is able to play differents roles in the society, to form a family, to integrate himself in a stable job and to incorporate and participate in a responsive manner in different social groups. Thus, they have been compared with a normal group of similar characteristics. The principal results of the study have shown: Once the person has completed his studies at a special school which used every effort for rehabilitating and capaciting the individual for a responsible social development in life, to enable him to perform a remunerated activity, he discovers that he is "stigmatized", that it is very difficult to find work and of course to be incorporated to the occupational structure. This contributes to the person's anxiety and an increasing insecurity which derives in isolation and lack of social interchange with other people and transform him into a marginal person. PMID- 6535377 TI - [Primary prevention program in mental health]. AB - This article makes reference to the mental health Primary Prevention Program that is carried out at the "Yugoslavia Health Center", in Guadalajara City, in Mexico. It explains the origin and evolution of the program contents and its aim is to permit each one participating in the group dynamics--which are used as the work instrument--to discover himself as a bio-psico-social unit. The article mentions the theoretical-practical bases of the work and the place and method of carrying it out. From the results obtained one may conclude that it does not produce curative effects but it does provide support to the healthy areas of the personality and improves the interpersonal relationships. PMID- 6535378 TI - [Contribution of epidemiological research to the classification of mental disorders]. AB - This is an attempt to have an overview of the problem of classification of mental disorders and of the various contributions offered by epidemiological research in the field. A brief introduction discusses the correct status of classification and its antecedents, supplemented by a glossary of terms used frequently in the field. A series of international studies bearing on the problem of definition of mental disorders in different cultures is presented and discussed as well as the matter of standards and comparison. The problems of validity, reliability and use of instruments are illustrated by the presentation of widely used instruments. A summary review of the rationale and principles for quantitative taxonomic methods is presented with special refference to numerical taxonomic and to the comparative evaluation of different methods of cluster-analysis. The subject of multiaxial classifications is presented through a brief description of currently used methods. Refference is also made to longitudinal studies both prospective and retrospective, and to their possible present and future value. Final comments are made about the present state of development and to the various obstacles which interfere with the task of finding a "common language" for classificacion of mental disorders. PMID- 6535379 TI - [Drug dependence in poverty. Its prevalence in Costa Rica]. AB - This research was carried out in the shantytowns of the capital city of Costa Rica. Magnitude and main features of alcohol and drug use among the population aged 15 up were studied. The sample was composed by 469 people interviewed: The instruments used were questionnaires and interview forms. Field observation was also practiced. The results pointed out a 14% of the population as having alcohol problems (9% heavy drinking, 5% physical dependence on alcohol). Furthermore an 8% was regularly using different drugs, such as marijuana, solvents, common plants psychoactively effective, etc. Frequent intake of medicaments without any therapeutic aim was also high. From a point of view focusing on the individuals and the assistance, the problem has a better prognosis when social and community treatment is considered. When seen from the collectivity and prevention perspective the problem surpasses the health sphere and demands the attention of several social and economical complex factors. This is the only way to set up a prevention program well organized, systematical and with possibilities of success. Finally, it is stated that the development of new studies on the ecology of the problem will precisely permit the working out of a preventive-assisting program especially directed to the groups specifically affected or menaced by alcohol and drugs. PMID- 6535380 TI - [Semantic scales for the evaluation of noise (II). Subjacent dimensions in subjective judgments of sound stimuli]. AB - Second stage of a research in which Osgood's Diferential Semantic Technique was used in two experiments with the following aims: a) to find out the subyacent dimensions of subjective evaluation of sound stimuli; b) to know if Osgood's Evaluation, Potency and Activity dimensions appear when sound stimuli are judged; c) to obtain a group of semantic scales that represent the found dimensions, which can be used in other researches in the same field. In the first experiment 37 scales were used by 98 Ss for judging 10 sound stimuli. In the second, 120 Ss performed the same task through 46 scales and 40 sound stimuli. Data of both experiments were processed by factor analysis method and a Varimax rotation was done. Having obtained 12 similar factors in both experiments the results were analized in a comparative way. Eight dimensions that explain the subject-sound stimuli relation were found. The other dimensions deal with the stimulis control, cognitive experience and structural caracteristics of sound stimuli, being the affective component also present in some of their scales. In the third stage the sound stimuli used will be analized through the found dimensions. PMID- 6535381 TI - [Organic brain syndrome]. AB - Organic Brain Syndrome (OBS) is an expression finding in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders belonging to the great chapter of Organic Mental Disorders. With this meaning, it has been used in psychiatric centers outside the United States. Beginning with a lecture of the major aspects of the OBS, a critical revision is formulated under methodological and conceptual views of psychopathology. For that, classic authors are revised from Bonhoeffer to Weitbrecht. PMID- 6535382 TI - [Extrapyramidal reactions and neuroleptic malignant syndrome]. AB - The extrapyramidal side effects of neuroleptics vary not only in their clinical manifestations, but also in the severity of the symptoms and the response to treatment. The most common reactions are Parkinson-like symptoms, dystonias, dyskinesias and akathisia. All of these are reversible side effects and in general respond well to the administration of anti-parkinson medication. On the other hand, tardive dyskinesia is an involuntary movement disorder that is irreversible and difficult to treat. Some forms of severe Parkinsonism may evolve at times into akinetic and catatonic forms and, even worse, into a morbid and lethal condition called the neuroleptic malignant syndrome. The case presented here responded well to the use of amantadine hydrocloride, but not all cases respond well. Psychiatric research regarding the use of dantrium would be most important and beneficial. This treatment is known more to anesthesiologists as effective in the treatment of a syndrome characterized by profound rigidity accompanied by neurovegetative symptoms and high fever found as a complication of general anesthesia. However, in the United States there are legal obstacles to test this drug with psychiatric patients. It is possible that these restrictions are less rigid in Latin America. PMID- 6535383 TI - [Parameters and frames in psychodrama]. AB - Psychodrama is considered as a parabola in the sense of an open curve formed by the intersection of a cone with a plane, for the scenes enacted by the participants can be viewed as a cutting in the actual life aimed to revive the personal past as well as to begin the building of the personal future. It is considered also as a parable, a fictitious narrative that yields a moral truth and a learning, for while there is no reality in it, the purpose that supports it is to improve one's psychic equilibrium, which means to live according to true feelings. One special way of materializing this is explained. It consists, in offering certain themes to dramatize to the members or the group. These themes are chosen by their power to activate significant zones of the personality, and always taking into account the emotional climate that prevails. Sometimes they emerge from the initiative of the participants and they can also be changed during the performances. Some examples are given, which have revealed themselves as adequate to the parameters pursued, which resume themselves in the promotion of autonomy and authenticity. PMID- 6535384 TI - [Adaptation of Wechsler intelligence scales for children (WISC) to Argentinian subjects]. AB - In this paper some objections were made regarding the order in which the elements in the Wechsler Intelligence Scale subtests for children are introduced, as it may prove wrong for Argentinian children. Besides it is important to specify which are the items that--due to their being in close relation to cultural characteristics--turn out to be irrelevant or inadequate for these subjecs. The sample consisted of one hundred pupils belonging to different social and cultural levels--attending the highest grade in Primary School--whose ages range from twelve to thirteen. These pupils have been given a translated and adapted version of the WISC. The difficulty presented by each of the items of the various subtests has been throroughly analyzed and it has been observed that the order of some of them did not answer the increasing difficulty criterion which they had been elaborated with. In the Information and Vocabulary Subtests, for example, some elements were shown to be more difficult than others, while some other elements turned out too easy for the order they had been placed in. Besides there are some words too sensitive to the subjects' cultural differences. In the Comprehension subtest some questions turned out too difficult due to the fact that the required information is less frequent in our environment. In the Arithmetic subtest one of the items would not meet the difficulty grading shown while the last two items offer very little possibility of success for all subjects.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6535385 TI - Disturbances of left-ventricular function in primary pulmonary hypertension. PMID- 6535386 TI - Confrontation of biochemical findings with angiographically determined intensity of atherosclerosis of brain arteries. PMID- 6535387 TI - Importance of sequential salivary scintigraphy with technetium 99m in the diagnosis of non-neoplastic diseases of the salivary gland. PMID- 6535389 TI - [Depression in children and adolescents (developmental aspects in delimiting a syndrome)]. PMID- 6535388 TI - [Brain stem evoked potentials in diabetics]. PMID- 6535390 TI - [Patterns of sex behavior in eating disorders]. PMID- 6535391 TI - [Catatonia as the destructuring of space]. PMID- 6535392 TI - [Psychopathologic disorders in dropping-out and childhood-juvenile delinquency]. PMID- 6535393 TI - [Prevalence of depressive symptoms among patients admitted to a general hospital]. PMID- 6535394 TI - [Man, sex and the mountains]. PMID- 6535395 TI - [Persistent hallucinatory symptoms in a case of bismuth encephalopathy]. PMID- 6535396 TI - [Introduction to pediatric emergencies]. PMID- 6535397 TI - [The teaching of emergency pediatrics]. PMID- 6535398 TI - [Organization of emergencies in hospital outpatient pediatrics]. PMID- 6535399 TI - [Hospital problems in pediatric emergencies]. PMID- 6535400 TI - [Metabolic emergencies in the newborn infant]. PMID- 6535401 TI - [Emergencies in infectious diseases]. PMID- 6535402 TI - [Acute anemia in infancy]. PMID- 6535403 TI - [Respiratory emergencies in pediatrics (with the exception of neonates)]. PMID- 6535404 TI - [Acute kidney failure in children]. PMID- 6535405 TI - [Coma]. PMID- 6535406 TI - [Anaphylactic shock]. PMID- 6535407 TI - [What should epistemology contribute to psychiatry in the era of interdisciplinary research ?]. AB - The author shows it is necessary to perform a critical and logical study of the sciences in order to understand better the origin and the development of the multiple aspects of psychiatry. He introduces the work of a philosopher of science, Pr L.-J. Delpech, who points out the rupture between classical and contemporary scientific thinking in an article on "The new epistemologies". P. Marchias recalls that some of them have played an important role in his own work. They have permitted him to renew his mode of observation and to found a new effective method for organizing his knowledge and his daily clinical activities. Thus he can testify the theoretical and practical effects of epistemology in psychiatry. PMID- 6535408 TI - [Self mutilation: frontiers and meanings]. PMID- 6535409 TI - [Survey on self mutilation in adults in psychiatric milieu (apropos of 90 cases)]. PMID- 6535410 TI - [Reflections about self mutilation in the army. Apropos of several recent cases]. PMID- 6535411 TI - [Red and Lenoir. Self mutilation and depression]. PMID- 6535412 TI - [Behavior therapies in self mutilation]. PMID- 6535413 TI - [Differential approach of self mutilation and self offending behaviors from the point of view of object relation and defense mechanisms]. PMID- 6535414 TI - [Confusional status and simultaneous prescription of amineptin and indalpine. Apropos of 3 recent cases]. PMID- 6535415 TI - [A case of matricide, questions posed (with videotape recording)]. PMID- 6535416 TI - [The brazen-masked man. Argyria as a solution to autodysosmophobia]. PMID- 6535417 TI - [Project for the production of a videofilm on the recording of psychiatric data in a microcomputer]. PMID- 6535418 TI - [The stability of an industrially prepared Dakin's solution. Hospital value]. PMID- 6535419 TI - [Influence of inhaled hydrogen fluoride on plasma cholesterol in guinea-pigs with or without vitamin C deficiency]. PMID- 6535420 TI - [Cerebral edema in rats induced by triethyltin. Value and limitations as study method of cerebral antiedema drugs]. PMID- 6535421 TI - [Experimental study of parasiticide properties of indazole: Protozoa and Helminths]. PMID- 6535422 TI - [Cardiovascular effects of hypothalamic stimulations in anesthetized dogs: changes under the action of sotalol]. PMID- 6535423 TI - [Preparation of beta 2 solamargine by fermentation]. PMID- 6535424 TI - [Comparison of venoms of 3 species of Vipera type by electrofocusing]. PMID- 6535425 TI - [Comparative study of circadian changes in the mortality induced by mercuric chloride and cadmium sulphate in mice]. PMID- 6535426 TI - [Fixing limits for residual solvents. Role of the expert analyst]. PMID- 6535427 TI - [Potential toxicity of urban air contamination by inert particles]. PMID- 6535428 TI - [Stability of an ointment subjected to beta rays for its microbiological decontamination]. PMID- 6535429 TI - [Physical chemistry of combinations with sulfamide bases. Antipyrine-sulfamide combinations]. PMID- 6535430 TI - [Automatic extraction and determination by high-performance liquid chromatography of antiepileptic drugs]. PMID- 6535431 TI - [Measurement of fluoride pollution of the environment. Cases of emission from enamel plants]. PMID- 6535432 TI - [Determination of bactericidal activity of a product containing an antiseptic]. PMID- 6535433 TI - Symposium on diet and primary prevention of hypertension. June 25-27, 1984, Kuopio, Finland. PMID- 6535434 TI - Spontaneous remission and its significance for trials in primary prevention of hypertension. AB - The hypothesis that salted food can cause hypertension must be tested prospectively to see if unsalted food protects non-hypertensive persons. The first of two feasibility studies has confirmed that established hypertension can show spontaneous remission on unsalted food. We now report the preliminary findings of a second feasibility study to test whether a clinic for hypertension can attract self-referred non-hypertensive people interested in preventing hypertension by changing their diet. A total of 874 applicants have attended at least one pre-entry visit. We report data from the first 176 participants who completed the feasibility study lasting 12 weeks. Of these 110 were non hypertensive people and 93 (84.5%) would be prepared to remain on unsalted food for five years. PMID- 6535435 TI - Primary prevention of hypertension in Belgium--lessons from regional differences. AB - Circumstantial evidence is provided for the influence of nutritional changes such as less salt, less saturated fat and more polyunsaturated fat on blood pressure and on mortality from stroke and stomach cancer in Belgium. Nutritional differences exist between the two major regions, the North and the South of Belgium. The South has a high intake of saturated fats whereas in the North the intake of polyunsaturated fat is higher. Probably less salt is used in the South compared to the North. The observed nutritional differences correlate well with the observed changes in mortality for stroke and stomach cancer. PMID- 6535436 TI - Stroke mortality and proportional expenditure on selected food items in Japanese communities. AB - Proportional food expenditure was calculated from the 1959 National Survey of Family Income and Expenditures and 843 municipalities were trichotomized according to the relative expenditure of various food items. Sex specific standardized mortality ratio (SMR) of stroke (1969-83) was calculated for each trichotomized food expenditure subgroup and compared. Results indicated that Western style diet such as expenditure of meat, milk and egg and bread had negative association with SMR. The expenditure of meat showed a negative association with SMR in all the three rice expenditure subgroups, but that of milk and egg in the low rice expenditure subgroup only. Consumption of constituents of the traditional Japanese diet, such as rice and other cereals, certain seasonings, salted and dried fish showed a positive association with SMR. Alcoholic beverages and cakes also showed a positive association. The secular trend of declining stroke mortality was parallel to the increase in the consumption of milk, meat, fish, eggs, soybeans, oil and fats and to the decrease in rice consumption. These findings were in accordance with the generally held view in Japan that moderate intake of animal protein was protective against stroke. PMID- 6535437 TI - Projected population effects of a nutritional blood pressure intervention on death rates from cardiovascular disease. AB - Evidence is accumulating that blood pressure can be modified by dietary changes. To test whether dietary manipulation could have an important effect on CVD death rates in a population, we used the logistic risk function to project the effects of pharmacological and dietary intervention. Successful pharmacological control of 60%, 80%, and 100% of the population with diastolic blood pressure values of 90 mm Hg or more is projected to result in 11%, 14%, and 18% reductions in CVD death rates, respectively. Reducing dietary fat to 23% and increasing the P/S ratio to 0.98 is projected to result in a 47% reduction in CVD death rates. The dietary intervention is projected to reduce the population requiring medication by 50% and reduce costs of hypertension treatment by 30%. On the basis of these projections, we conclude that dietary interventions for hypertension control can have an important effect both on death rates and treatment costs. PMID- 6535439 TI - Prevention of hypertension--has the future started? PMID- 6535438 TI - Sodium in nutrition policy. AB - Salt once was a scarce commodity and for some governments salt tax was an important income. The Na content of a diet without any processed foods or added salt would be approximately 400-500 mg. Food industry contributes substantial amounts of salt. A nutrition policy on Na should include regulation of the Na content in infant formulas and a decreased Na intake to reduce the risk of hypertension and possibly also gastric cancer. Iodized salt is an important source of iodine in many countries. Recommendations regarding Na intake have been given in some recommended dietary intakes and in several dietary guidelines. During the last years a few Western countries have published action programmes regarding Na and hypertension. Very few countries have standards regulating the salt content of certain products but in case any claims are made related to the Na content, this usually has to be declared. Special dietary foods with low Na content and salt substitutes are available in many countries. Standards for such products have been published by the FAO/WHO Codex Alimentarius Commission. PMID- 6535440 TI - Dietary prevention of hypertension in animal models and its applicability to human. AB - Experimental studies in animals and epidemiological studies have suggested that the interaction between genetic and environmental factors is important in hypertension associated with excess salt intake and other dietary factors such as K, protein and fatty acid intake greatly modify the effect of salt on blood pressure in individuals with low or high salt sensitivity. Thus, the detection of salt sensitivity and the modification of salt intake as well as other dietary factors are expected to contribute to the primary prevention of cardiovascular diseases associated with hypertension. PMID- 6535441 TI - How useful is a family history of hypertension as a predictor of future hypertension? AB - A hypothetical model for predicting hypertension is discussed. Assuming that being in the top quintiles of the blood pressure distribution at adolescence and/or having a family history of hypertension, the estimated risk for developing hypertension as an adult could be 37% in a population with a prevalence of hypertension on 20%. Using the blood pressure level in adolescence and/or positive family history of hypertension as a predictive "test", the sensitivity of this "test" is 65% and the specificity 73%. PMID- 6535442 TI - Role of electrolytes and digitalis-like activity in hypertension: effects of digitoxin, sodium, potassium and magnesium on blood pressure. AB - The purpose of the present study was to test the hypothesis that an increased digitalis-like activity, induced by excessive intake of Na, is involved in the development and maintenance of hypertension. In normotensive rats prolonged administration of digitoxin alone induced only a mild and transient rise of blood pressure. Increased intake of NaCl did not affect the blood pressure of these rats. However, simultaneous administration of both digitoxin and NaCl produced a sustained elevation of blood pressure. In SHR the effect of the addition (6% of the weight of the pellets) of 1) NaCl or 2) a mixture containing 50% NaCl and 50% KCl or 3) a mixture containing 65% NaCl, 25% KCl, and 10% MgSO . 7H2O, was examined. A marked fall of blood pressure occurred during the use of the mixtures containing K and Mg. The results suggests that both an increased intake of Na and an increased digitalis-like activity are needed for the development of hypertension. The results on SHR confirm the previous findings demonstrating that the use of salt mixtures in which a part of the NaCl is replaced by K and Mg salts is beneficial compared to the use of NaCl. Furthermore, since K and Mg are effective antagonists of digitalis the results could suggest the involvement of an increased digitalis-like activity in the maintenance of hypertension. PMID- 6535443 TI - The primary prevention of high blood pressure--a population approach. AB - The primary prevention of high blood pressure is one of the more significant challenges to scientists and public health leaders alike. The areas of relative certainty and uncertainty reviewed here about the potential for prevention may be taken up by official bodies and translated into more specific recommendations. Prevention principles can be applied to each of the major precursors of hypertension in the population. The potential for prevention along with relative safety is sufficient for action. Prevention of high blood pressure in whole communities is possible and an eating and activity pattern which is attractive and feasible can be proposed and modeled to different traditional cultures. Medical preventive strategies are proposed along with reasonable, practical, safe, feasible, credible community-based programs as the principal mode of dissemination. In such programs, health professionals and medical services share roles with community leaders and organizations. A population strategy is essential to the primary prevention of hypertension. Further research is needed in prevention and health promotion methods. PMID- 6535445 TI - [International Symposium on Human Gonadotropins. 15-16 September 1983]. PMID- 6535444 TI - [Choriogonadotrophic hormone and placental tumors]. AB - The radioimmunological dosage of choriogonadotrophic hormone is the actual basis for the choice of patients to be treated, to recognize the poor prognosis cases, to adjust the treatment in drugs, doses and durations, to detect the relapses. The clinicien must obey the biologist who is always right. PMID- 6535446 TI - [Kinetics of the steroidogenic response of the testis to stimulation by hCG. V. Blockade of 17-20 lyase induced by hCG is an age-dependent phenomenon inducible by pre-treatment with hCG]. AB - The series of events, evidenced in animals after a single injection of human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG): down-regulation of LH/hCG membrane receptors, uncoupling between receptors and the adenylate cyclase, also includes a blockade of testicular steroidogenesis beyond cyclic-AMP formation, including an inhibition of the 17 alpha-hydroxylase-17, 20-desmolase enzymatic complex. This complex phenomenon, named hCG-induced testicular desensitization also occurs in adult men. Since it is not known if and when these effects are initiated during sexual maturation, we have investigated the kinetics of responses of plasma testosterone (T), its two immediate precursors, delta 4-androstenedione (delta 4) and 17 alpha-hydroxprogesterone (OHP), and 17 beta-estradiol (E2) for a week after a single injection of hCG given at the same dosage (100 IU/kg body weight) in subjects not yet exposed to adult levels of endogenous LH, ie prepubertal boys and untreated hypogonadotrophic hypogonadic (HH) adult men. The HH subjects have been restudied after 3 months of a weekly injection of the hCG at the same dosage. In immature individuals, the effect of hCG on testicular steroidogenisis was strikingly different from that observed previously in adults: in the former, whether prepubertal boys or untreated HH adults, a single hCG injection induced a progressive and substantial rise in plasma T, maximal at 96-120 h, a modest and late rise in E2, but no significant change in delta 4 or OHP. In contrast, in adult men there is a dissociation between the responses of plasma T and delta 4 (maximal at about 72 h) to hCG and those of OHP and E2 which peak at about 24 h. After 3 months of hCG-treatment the adult pattern was induced in HH patients: early and significant rise in OHP and E2. This suggests that a pre-exposure to LH/hCG is necessary for hCG-induced testicular desensitization, at least for its enzymatic expression. A stimulatory effect of hCG on a testicular aromatase and an inhibitory effect on the 17, 20-desmolase are observed concomitantly in relation to age or to previous gonadotropin environment. It still remains uncertain to conclude that the former effect is directly responsible for the latter. PMID- 6535447 TI - Intracellular metabolism of hCG. AB - After administration of hCG, hormone enters pseudopregnant rat ovarian cells rapidly. Although evidence for small amounts of hCG bound to receptor exists within cells, the major fraction of internalized hCG is free and not receptor bound. The intracellular site of dissociation of hCG from its receptor is unknown. With internalization the hCG molecule is altered so that most of the hormone will no longer bind to concanavalin A. No free hCG alpha or hCG beta was observed for up to 24 hours after internalization. Immunoreactive hCG in cytosol eluted before native highly purified hCG and that altered hCG form may reflect changes in the carbohydrate component of hCG, metabolism of the protein core, or both. Most of the immunoreactive hCG within cytosol remains biologically active for several hours after internalization. The biologic to immunologic (B/I) ratio remained greater than 1.0 for the first six hours after a single injection of hCG. To ascertain whether internalized hCG was predominantly metabolized by lysosomal enzymes in vivo, pseudopregnant rats were pretreated with chloroquine. For the first few hours after hCG stimulation, those animals pretreated with chloroquine attained greater hCG concentrations within the cytosol but membrane bound hCG was lower than that attained for controls. That disparity probably reflected a combination of altered recycling of free hCG receptor in response to chloroquine as well as chloroquine's protecting hormone from lysosomal proteases for a short time after internalization.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6535448 TI - Choriogonadotropin and immunity: a reevaluation. AB - The immunosuppressive activity of hCG preparations has been analyzed by a variety of laboratories using different techniques over the years. Generally, the immunosuppressive effects of hCG preparations in vitro are attributable to contaminants, not the hCG molecule. In contrast, recent data clearly demonstrate the immunosuppressive activity of highly purified hCG and recombinant hCG preparations in a murine delayed-type hypersensitivity model in vivo. The fact that purified hCG manifests no immunosuppressive activity in castrate mice suggests that the hCG molecule induces the immunosuppression in vivo indirectly through the gonad. PMID- 6535449 TI - Capacitation of human spermatozoa by heparin. AB - Zona-free hamster oocytes were incubated in vitro with human spermatozoa treated with heparin for 5, 10, 20, and 30 min. Sperm penetration was observed 2, 4, and 8 h after insemination. Sperm penetration was successful in 40%, 60%, and 69% of the oocytes treated for 10 min with heparin. Feminine and masculine pronuclei were clearly identifiable. In these samples, 80% of the sperm was alive and there was approximately 68% progress motility. Live sperm were observed for up to 24 h. Since glycosamineglycan sulfates are normally present in the ooplasm, zona pellucida, follicular and uterine fluids, this might suggest a direct participation of heparin in human sperm capacitation. PMID- 6535450 TI - Phosphorylation of cAMP-dependent protein kinases in normal and abnormal human sperm. AB - The molecular characterization and distribution of cAMP-dependent protein kinases (cAPK) of normal and pathological (reduced progressive motility or altered morphology) human semen were investigated. Photoaffinity labeling with 8-N3 [32P]cAMP of human sperm cytosols revealed four specific cAMP-binding proteins (MW: 52 kD, 47 kD, 42 kD, and 37 kD) with the following quantitative distribution: 65% (47 kD), 30% (52 kD), and less than 5% (42/37 kD). In contrast, the seminal plasma of the respective semen samples incorporated the 8-azido cAMP photolabel predominantly into the 37 kD protein (greater than 50%). The cAMP binding proteins with MW of 52 kD and 47 kD corresponded to the regulatory subunits R II and R I of the respective cAPK isoenzymes I and II. Neither qualitative nor quantitative differences could be detected in the distribution between seminal plasma and sperm as well as in the molecular properties of RI (47 kD), R II (52 kD), and of their proteolytic products (42 kD and 37 kD) between normal and pathological human semen. DEAE-cellulose chromatography revealed that type II isozyme was the predominant form (80% of the total cAMP-dependent protein kinase activity of sperm); the protein kinase isozyme pattern was similar in normal and pathological sperm. DEAE-cellulose chromatography in combination with photoaffinity labeling (8-N3-[32P]cAMP) resolved the kinase activity into type I and type II isoenzymes and into the corresponding subunits R I (47 kD) and R II (52 kD). The excessive amount of R I (47 kD) found by photoaffinity labeling in comparison to type I holoenzyme after DEAE-cellulose chromatography is due to a higher binding affinity of R I (5 nM) for the 8-N3[32P]cAMP as compared with that of R II (50 nM). In addition, endogenous phosphorylation of soluble sperm proteins revealed that the R II (52 kD) was present only as the phosphoform of R II. PMID- 6535451 TI - Mouse embryo culture for screening in human IVF. AB - A system for obtaining and culturing mouse two-cell embryos is described, and its importance as a quality control assay and experimental model for human IVF programs is discussed. Over 2000 embryos from B6CBAF1 mice were cultured in either 115 preparations of Ham's F10 medium supplemented with 15% human fetal cord serum (H + FCS, a human IVF medium) or 18 preparations of Krebs' medium (a mouse IVF medium). No significant differences were noted in mean embryo development in the cultures of the two media. After 72 h in culture, the mean % morula + blastocyst development was 93% and 98% for H + FCS and Krebs', respectively. In 8% of the H + FCS cultures at least 75% of mouse embryos failed to grow to either morula or blastocysts by 72 h in culture, and fragmenting embryos were observed in 46% of the H + FCS cultures compared with 0% and 17%, respectively, of Krebs' cultures. Using this system, no significant differences were noted between control media (Krebs' or Ham's F10) and Ham's F12, Menezo's media, or Krebs' medium exposed to small pieces of a medical-grade silicone rubber semen collection device. However, exposure to several types of Vacutainer evacuated blood serum collection tubes did significantly impair the ability of Krebs' medium to support in vitro mouse embryogenesis. PMID- 6535452 TI - Seasonal variations of sperm characteristics. AB - A total of 1110 ejaculates were collected from 52 medical students over a 1-3 year period. Semen volume, sperm density, and total sperm count showed a maximum at the end of winter and beginning of spring and again in late fall. For the percentage of progressively motile and morphologically normal spermatozoa, a maximum is seen in late summer and a minimum in late winter/early spring. No bias seems responsible for these seasonal variations, which, if they are confirmed, should be taken into consideration when interpreting spermiograms. PMID- 6535453 TI - Ureaplasma-infected human sperm in infertile men. AB - The case of an infertile man with oligospermia and symptoms of urethritis prostatitis, whose spouse had a vaginal discharge, is reported. Microbiological analysis of appropriate specimens revealed a strain of tetracycline-resistant ureaplasma urealyticum in both patients. Using the transmission electron microscope, it was possible to demonstrate spermatozoal heads "infected" with microorganisms strongly resembling ureaplasma urealyticum. PMID- 6535454 TI - Quantitative study of testis histology and plasma androgens at onset of spermatogenesis in the prepuberal laboratory-born macaque (Macaca fascicularis). AB - Laboratory-born Macaca fascicularis underwent successive testicular biopsies and peripheral blood sampling during the peripuberal age. Testicular fragments were studied quantitatively on seminiferous cord or tubule histological cross sections. Plasma testosterone, androstenedione, and dihydrotestosterone were quantified by RIA. Enlargement of the diameter of seminiferous cords or tubules resulted from the increasing number of spermatocytes and the formation of the lumen. The number of Sertoli cells per cord or tubule cross section decreased abruptly at the onset of full spermatogenesis, and, as the tubules lengthened, the total number of these cells per testis remained constant. The number of A spermatogonia per cross section did not vary; consequently the total number per testis increased. The first spermatocytes appeared at 3-4 yr of age at a body weight of 3.24 +/- 0.15 kg, and full spermatogenesis was attained between 3 years, 8 months and 4 years, 4 months at a body weight of 3.5-3.8 kg. Plasma levels of androstenedione did not exhibit a clear pattern of variation, whereas plasma dihydrotestosterone and testosterone reached high levels with great fluctuations at the time full spermatogenesis was established. No relation between plasma testosterone level and the initiation of meiosis was observed. PMID- 6535455 TI - Hamster ova/human sperm penetration: correlation with count, motility, and morphology for in vitro fertilization. AB - In an analysis of 38 proven-fertile donor samples and 84 patient samples of either unproven fertility or suspected infertility, the number of hamster ova penetrated by human sperm (% HOP) was significantly different (p less than 0.05) between the donor and suspected-infertile groups. Lowest percent HOP rates; which were recorded for patients with oligozoospermia (less than 20 X 10(6) sperm per milliliter), were significantly different from donor rates (p less than 0.01). Sperm samples from 15 patients of unknown fertility were incubated with human eggs and were simultaneously incubated in the hamster ova-sperm penetration assay. All 13 patients fertilizing at least one human ovum also penetrated hamster ova at greater than 10%. The two samples failing to fertilize any human ova had one HOP above 10% and one below 10%. Interassay ranges were low over short periods of time (weeks), but the range was high (41%) for one individual when the SPA was performed months later. Fluctuations in % HOP over extended periods of time may be due to changes in male fertility status and not to unreliability of the assay. PMID- 6535456 TI - Effect of propranolol on human spermatozoal in vitro hamster ova penetration. AB - The effect of (D,L)-propranolol at various concentrations (3.4 X 10(-6) to 3.4 X 10(-3) M) on human spermatozoal motility and zona-free hamster ova penetration was studied in vitro. Propranolol, in 10(-4) M concentration, completely abolished the spermatozoal motility and hamster ova penetration. No significant effect was observed on the spermatozoal motility and the hamster ova penetration efficiency with concentrations of the agent as low as 3.4 X 10(-6) M. The blocking action of propranolol on the in vitro penetration of hamster ova appears to be a direct consequence of the depressive effect of this drug on spermatozoal motility. PMID- 6535457 TI - Effect of antisperm antibodies in serum and cervical mucus on the capacity of human sperm to penetrate zona-free hamster ova. AB - Human sera with elevated titers of antisperm antibodies reduced the capacity of human sperm to penetrate zona-free hamster ova. Of 111 sera examined, 33 (30%) reduced the mean percentage of ova penetrated to less than 52%, which was significantly different from the overall control mean (75%). Three sera reduced the penetration of ova to 7% or less. The inhibitory effect of these three sera was still present in their respective Fab preparations. An analysis of antibody effects revealed that the presence of sperm-immobilizing antibodies had a significantly greater influence on sperm penetration capacity than agglutinating antibodies. Sperm motility per se appeared to be unaffected by the different sera. Sperm treated with cervical mucus (CM) samples generally exhibited a lesser degree of ova penetration than did sperm treated with serum or medium alone. Among CM groups, however, samples containing detectable sperm-immobilizing antibody activity or samples from women with circulating antisperm antibody caused significant reductions in sperm penetration capacity. PMID- 6535458 TI - Alteration in surface charge of chimpanzee sperm during epididymal transit and at ejaculation. AB - To further investigate changes in the sperm surface occurring during epididymal transit and after ejaculation, the surface negative charge on the head of chimpanzee sperm recovered from the caput (n = 4) and cauda epididymis (n = 3) and from the ejaculate (n = 4) was measured. Washed sperm were exposed to colloidal iron at pH 1.6, washed, mounted on carbon plates, and examined in a scanning electron microscope equipped with an energy dispersive X-ray analyzer. This technique permits evaluation of individual sperm in a population and provides information not available when the entire population is measured as a whole. The results demonstrate a net increase in negative charge during epididymal transit and after ejaculation and a change in charge distribution within the population from a unimodal to a tetra modal distribution. Caput sperm showed a unimodal distribution with a mode of 20 +/- 2%. Cauda sperm showed three modes at 23 +/- 1, 34 +/- 3, and 41 +/- 3%. Ejaculated sperm showed four modes at 21 +/- 3, 31 +/- 4, and 40 +/- 2, and 46 +/- 2%. The sperm population in the chimpanzee epididymis and ejaculate is not homogeneous, and this technique will aid in future measurement of fertility of subpopulations of sperm in the ejaculate. PMID- 6535459 TI - Selection of morphologically abnormal sperm by human cervical mucus. AB - The important role of cervical mucus from a reproduction standpoint is the transport and selection of spermatozoa. The study of the fertilizing ability of human spermatozoa by the use of zona-free hamster oocytes has shown that morphologically abnormal sperm can fuse with the zona-free hamster oocyte. The high proportion of morphologically abnormal spermatozoa present in human semen is significantly reduced after sperm migration through cervical mucus. The mucus, while a favorable environment for sperm survival, does not seem to contribute to the occurrence of sperm capacitation and acrosome reaction. PMID- 6535460 TI - First World Congress. New compounds in biological and chemical warfare: toxicological evaluation. Proceedings. Ghent, May 21st- 23rd, 1984. PMID- 6535461 TI - Chromatographic procedures for the toxicological determination of bis (2 chloroethyl) sulfide (mustard gas, yperite) in environmental and human biological samples. PMID- 6535462 TI - Gas chromatography and toxicological determination of trichothecenes in biological and environmental materials: applicability to environmental samples associated with "yellow rain". PMID- 6535463 TI - A gas chromatographic procedure for the toxicological determination of trichothecenes in human tissues and body fluids. PMID- 6535464 TI - Detection of trichothecene mycotoxins (yellow rain) in blood, urine and faeces of Iranian soldiers treated as victims of a gas attack. PMID- 6535465 TI - [Toxicologic research on neurotoxic gas in samples from intoxicated soldiers]. PMID- 6535467 TI - Presence of mycotoxins and a man-made material in a "yellow rain" sample. PMID- 6535466 TI - Toxicological properties of T-2 toxin and related trichothecenes. PMID- 6535468 TI - Pollen: evidence and controversy. PMID- 6535469 TI - Analysis of snow samples contaminated with chemical warfare agents. PMID- 6535470 TI - Effects of dietary trichothecenes on the immune system of mice. PMID- 6535471 TI - Systemic effects of topical application of trichothecenes in rodents. PMID- 6535473 TI - Lethal hemorrhages in pregnant mice following one oral dose of T-2 toxin. PMID- 6535472 TI - [The acute toxicity of eserine, VX and paraoxon for the establishment of a mathematical model for extrapolation to humans]. PMID- 6535474 TI - Clinical and laboratory findings in Iranian fighters with chemical gas poisoning. PMID- 6535475 TI - Personnel protection against chemical agents: development of antidotal treatment for organophosphorous poisoning. PMID- 6535476 TI - Problems associated with verification of alleged CBW use in Southeast Asia. PMID- 6535477 TI - Autopsy observations in an Iranian soldier exposed to war gas. PMID- 6535478 TI - Clinical manifestations of chemical agents on Iranian combatants during Iran-Iraq conflict. PMID- 6535480 TI - Report of the specialists appointed by the Secretary-General of the United Nations to investigate allegations by the Islamic Republic of Iran concerning the use of chemical weapons. PMID- 6535479 TI - Clinical observations and therapy of injuries with vesicants. PMID- 6535481 TI - Herbicides, miracle agents or? Fatal Danish cases. PMID- 6535482 TI - Management of trauma in Vietnam and imposed Iranian Iraqi wars. PMID- 6535483 TI - First report on victims of chemical warfare in the Gulf-war treated in Vienna. PMID- 6535484 TI - Lethal intoxication by wargases on Iranian soldiers. Therapeutic interventions on survivors of mustard gas and mycotoxin immersion. PMID- 6535485 TI - Environmental specimen banking. Hitherto gained experience and possible future prospects. PMID- 6535486 TI - The practice of chemical warfare in Kampuchea and Laos. PMID- 6535487 TI - Chemical disarmament and the Third World. Problems of verification and prevention of proliferation. PMID- 6535488 TI - Plasma technology in war hight production of toxic gas. PMID- 6535489 TI - Chemical and biological warfare in Cambodia. PMID- 6535491 TI - Observations, impressions, pitfalls and recommendations from field CBW research among refugees in Southeast Asia. PMID- 6535490 TI - The evidence of chemical and toxin weapon use in Southeast Asia and Afghanistan. PMID- 6535492 TI - Comparison of the toxicological investigations in man in Southeast Asia, Afghanistan and Iran, concerning gas warfare. PMID- 6535493 TI - Various aspects of the Afghan question. PMID- 6535494 TI - Correlation between some physical parameters and alkaline hydrolysis rate constants of organophosphorous compounds. PMID- 6535495 TI - Detection of mustard gas in biological material. PMID- 6535496 TI - Mycotoxin production by thirteen fusarium isolates from Thailand. PMID- 6535497 TI - Treatment of Iranian soldiers attacked by chemical and microbiological war gases. PMID- 6535498 TI - Comparative study of two different field tests for the detection of yperite in the atmosphere, applied on biological samples of gased soldiers. PMID- 6535499 TI - Methemoglobinemia in patients attacked by chemical and microbiological warfare agents. PMID- 6535500 TI - Biological detection of chemical warfare agents. PMID- 6535501 TI - Collaborative studies on warfare chemicals by small laboratories. PMID- 6535503 TI - [Adolescent health. Introduction]. PMID- 6535502 TI - Total arsenic determination in urine and faeces of soldiers after a gas attack by atomic absorption spectrophotometry using the MHS-20 hydride generating system. PMID- 6535504 TI - [Specific health problems in adolescents]. PMID- 6535505 TI - [Adolescent health. At-risk behavior]. PMID- 6535506 TI - [Adolescent health. Health-related representations and behavior]. PMID- 6535507 TI - [Adolescent health. Drug addiction and alcoholism]. PMID- 6535508 TI - [Adolescent health. Suicide and depression]. PMID- 6535509 TI - [Observations on violence and delinquency in adolescence]. PMID- 6535510 TI - [Antibiotic resistance of Salmonella during 1982 and 1983]. AB - The antibiotics susceptibility of 480 Salmonella collected in 1982 and 1983, in the National Center of Salmonella of Pasteur Institute of Tunis was tested. High levels of resistance were found. Nalidix acid, colistin and gentamicin were the most active. Resistance and multiple resistance was most frequently found in strains of Salmonella wien and Salmonella saint paul. PMID- 6535511 TI - [Geography of major parasitosis in Tunisia]. AB - Basing on their personal investigations, literature data and statistic archives, the authors have tried to establish the geographical distribution of the main parasitic diseases in Tunisia which require a curative action together with an action on the environment for their eradication. Three of these disease are transmitted by vectors: Malaria, Leishmaniasis, Schistosomiasis; and three others are transmitted by soil: Hydatidosis, Ancylostomiasis and Strongyloidiasis. PMID- 6535512 TI - [Technical note on blood culture]. AB - In this technical paper is proposed a method of diagnosis of septic diseases. This method insures the isolement of the aerobian microorganisms, of the microaerophil microorganisms and the anaerobian microorganisms. It complies with criteria of plainness, thrift and easy to give out in all the Tunisian Republic. PMID- 6535513 TI - [Administration of tetracycline to the intact and thyroidectomized rat: its effect on the ultrastructure of hepatocytes, lipids in the liver and plasma]. AB - Tetracycline hydrochlorohydrate was administered to fed adult female rats. Ultrastructural hepatocytes, liver and plasmatic lipids were studied. Tetracycline administration induced a fatty liver in both euthyroid and thyroidectomized group. Blockade of formation or release of lipoproteins into plasma in thyroidectomized rats occurred earlier than in intact ones. In intoxicated thyroidectomized rats, REG was disorganized, and Golgi was poorly loaded with VLDL particles whereas in intact rats REG was regular and Golgi vesicles were hypertrophied. Serum FFA increased only in the thyroidectomized rats after tetracycline. PMID- 6535514 TI - [Identification of abnormal hemoglobins by isoelectric focusing]. AB - Using IEF on slabs of acrylamide gel was adapted for screening of abnormal Hemoglobins which are at the same level by electrophoresis on cellulose acetate strips. This method is fast, inexpensive and allowed the simultaneous analysis of 70 samples of whole blood. The characterization technique of IEF allowed us to distinguish some rare variants like Hb O Arab, HbD and T gamma in B 0 thalassemia. PMID- 6535515 TI - [Ultrastructural changes caused by yellow fever virus at the level of the kidneys in newborn mice]. AB - The author is studying the ultrastructural modifications provoked by the yellow fever virus in the kidneys of baby mice. As a result of the study it has been found that minor changes start appearing as early as the first day and these lead finally to necrosis. The process consists of 5 phases which are the development of endoplasmatic reticulum, the envelopment of the mitochondria by the folds of endoplasmatic reticulum, mitochondrial autophagocytosis, the development of microvilli at the cell surface and the total necrosis of the renal cell. PMID- 6535516 TI - Iron binding to anticonvulsants. PMID- 6535517 TI - Effect of rat blastocyst on the incorporation of radioactive precursors to endometrial macromolecules. PMID- 6535518 TI - Tinidazole and emetine cytogenetic effects evaluated by the micronucleus test in mice. PMID- 6535519 TI - Overestimation of creatinine due to interference of glucose "in vitro". Implications on creatinine clearance in diabetic patients. PMID- 6535520 TI - Stellate ganglion blockade and atropine do not affect the electrocardiographic changes of subarachnoid hemorrhage. PMID- 6535522 TI - Macrophages of human colostrum: a simple obtention method. PMID- 6535521 TI - Kinetic aspects of Taenia solium metacestode cholinesterases and their inhibition with DDVP and neostigmine. PMID- 6535524 TI - The venous architecture of the human pharyngo-esophageal transition. PMID- 6535523 TI - Meningioma which simulates hypophyseal tumor. PMID- 6535525 TI - Ultrastructural morphometric characteristics of the cumulus oophorus and corona radiata cells in antral follicles of the rat ovary. PMID- 6535526 TI - [Nerve terminals in the wall of human cavernous sinus]. PMID- 6535527 TI - [Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome. Clinical study of 21 cases]. PMID- 6535528 TI - [Dorsal mesencephalic syndrome of non-tumorous etiology. Clinical study and evolution of 18 cases]. PMID- 6535529 TI - [Postoperative intraventricular hemorrhage associated with anticoagulant therapy]. PMID- 6535530 TI - [Primary and post-paralytic facial hemispasm. Clinical aspects and pathogenetic neurophysiologic mechanisms]. PMID- 6535531 TI - [Bilateral obturator neuralgia secondary to osteitis of the pubis]. PMID- 6535533 TI - [Geometric demonstration of clustering in free recall data]. PMID- 6535532 TI - [Experimental study of the cerebellar cortex after hydantoin administration]. PMID- 6535534 TI - [Theoretical and experimental analyses of some perceptual illusions]. PMID- 6535535 TI - Degree of post-decisional confidence as a function of the distances of the offered alternatives from an "ideal" alternative. PMID- 6535536 TI - [Modification of psychophysiologic reactions in a stress situation by experience]. PMID- 6535537 TI - [A model of the interaction of self image, activation and coping behavior]. PMID- 6535539 TI - [Flower or rose? Differences in visual information processing of experts and amateurs]. PMID- 6535538 TI - Importance and perceived ability as determinants of information search. PMID- 6535540 TI - [Cinecoronariography after acute myocardial infarct: for whom?]. PMID- 6535541 TI - [The 6 hearts of man: an essay]. PMID- 6535542 TI - [Myocardial scintigraphy with thallium-201 in myocardial infarction]. PMID- 6535543 TI - [Correlation between the Q wave indicative of myocardial infarction and left ventricular function in chronic coronary insufficiency]. PMID- 6535544 TI - [Dynamic electrocardiography in patients with mitral valve prolapse]. PMID- 6535545 TI - [Surgical results in the various forms of atrioventricular dissociation]. PMID- 6535546 TI - [Efficacy of indomethacin in the closure of patent ductus arteriosus in premature newborn infants with cardiac insufficiency. Analysis of 14 cases]. PMID- 6535547 TI - [Tricuspid insufficiency caused by closed chest injuries. Report of a case]. PMID- 6535548 TI - [Anatomopathological aspects of the lung in the postoperative period of cardiac surgery]. PMID- 6535549 TI - [Polygraphic aspects of periodic movements in sleep]. AB - One hundred patients were analyzed sequentially regarding to the presence of periodic movements in sleep (PMS) or nocturnal myoclonus. The criteria for considering PMS was the presence of 5 or more myoclonic movements per hour of sleep. The 18 patients included in the PMS category were compared with the remaining 82. Those with PMS had tendency to be older than the others. The movements were observed in stage 2 and less commonly in stages 3, 1, 4 and REM. Patients with PMS had generally higher number of arousals and K complexes. There was no difference between both groups regarding sex, history complaints, sleep efficiency, total sleep time, time in each stage and final diagnosis. PMID- 6535550 TI - [Hepatic encephalopathy: study of 50 cases]. AB - The authors present a retrospective study of 50 patients with hepatic encephalopathy treated at the University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto since 1959 and discuss clinical, laboratory and anatomo-pathologic aspects. The diagnoses of the different types of liver disease as well as the factors that triggered the episodes of hepatic coma and pre-coma are reported and the role of the measurement of arterial blood gases in establishing the diagnosis is emphasized. PMID- 6535551 TI - [Intracranial saccular aneurysms: critical analysis of 456 surgical cases]. AB - From January to December 1983 the author has operated on 456 intracranial aneurysms with microsurgical techniques. Most of them (74.8%) arose from the internal carotid and from the anterior communicating artery. Subarachnoid hemorrhage was the first occurrence in 92% of the patients. The favored technique was occlusion of the neck of the aneurysm with clip. The best surgical results were achieved when the patients were physical and mentally well and were operated on after a week following subarachnoid hemorrhage. The over all mortality was 6.2%. PMID- 6535552 TI - [Frequency of the callosomarginal artery and proposal of a hypothesis with regard to its phylogenetic significance]. AB - The neuroanatomic study of the callosomarginal artery was performed by simple and careful dissection in 52 human brains. The observation was made with stereoscopic magnifying glass. The results were the following: the callosomarginal artery was present in 36.6% (19/52) of the cases on the right hemisphere and 29% (15/52) on the left hemisphere; unilateral absence on those hemispheres was of 17.3% (9/52) and 25.0% (13/52), respectively; bilateral absence was of 46.1% (24/52). The register of the presence or absence of the artery was based on proposed criteria by Moscow and col. With regard to phylogenetic signification one has considered the hypothesis that the development of the callosomarginal artery possibly was closely related with a structural and physiological expansion of the neocortex in man. PMID- 6535553 TI - Peripheral nerve involvement in Bell's palsy. AB - A group of patients with Bell's palsy were studied in order to disclose the presence of subclinical peripheral nerve involvement. 20 patients, 8 male and 12 female, with recent Bell's palsy as their unique disease were examined. In all cases other causes of polyneuropathy were ruled out. Patients were investigated with CSF examination, facial nerve latencies in the affected and in the sound sides, and maximal motor nerve conduction velocities, as well as motor terminal latencies from the right median and peroneal nerves. CSF laboratory examination was normal in all cases. Facial nerve latencies were abnormal in all patients in the affected side, and they differed significantly from those of control group in the clinically sound side. Half of the patients showed abnormal values in the maximal motor nerve conduction velocities and motor terminal latencies of the right median and peroneal nerves. These results agree with previous reports which have pointed out that other cranial nerves may be affected in Bell's palsy. However, we have found a higher frequency of peripheral nerve involvement in this entity. These findings, support the hypothesis that in some patients Bell's palsy is the component of a more widespread disease, affecting other cranial and peripheral nerves. PMID- 6535554 TI - [Neurological pathology in the newborn infant]. AB - The purpose of this work was to review the literature about the newborn neurological pathology and to compare it with our results starting from the observation of 650 children who born at the Clinical Hospital of Porto Alegre from September 1979 to June 1980. Out of these, 100 presented with neonatal neurological pathology. These newborn were studied as to the age of the mother at the birth time, Apgar rate, weight and cephalic perimeter at the birth time, probable etiologies, and clinical picture and evolution. These newborn were compared to control groups and the results were discussed on the grounds of literature. Out of 100 newborn with neurological pathology, 65% presented with pathological neurological examination and 35% with normal neurological examination. The 65 newborn with pathological neurological examination had hypotonia, decreased deep tendon reflexes, decreased or absence of superficial reflexes in 40 cases. Hyperactivity, hypertonia and tremors were observed in 25 cases. Coma was present in 6 of these newborn with apathy and hypotonia. Seizures were present in 41 cases. EEG was performed in 29 of these 41 cases in the first five days of life. The EEG was normal in 15 (51.7%) newborn and it was pathologic in 14 (48.3%) newborn. The 100 newborn had the following diagnosis: 37 birth anoxia, 13 hemorrhages, 24 meningitis, 14 metabolic seizures, 4 sepsis, 1 kernicterus, 2 chromosomopathies, 3 malformation, 1 cerebral palsy, and 1 congenital rubeola. Out of the 37 newborn with birth anoxia, 20 (54.1%) had a good evolution, 7 (18.9%) had sequela and 10 (27.0%) died. Out of 13 newborn with hemorrhages 2 (15.4%) had a good evolution, 5 (38.5%) had sequela, and 6 (46.1%) died. Out of 24 newborn with meningitis, 18 (75.0%) had a good evolution, 5 (20.8%) had sequela, and 1 (4.2%) died. Out of 58 newborn with a good evolution, 30 had normal newborn neurological exam, and 28 had transient alterations. Out of 23 newborn who presented with sequela later on, only 5 had normal newborn neurological exam. All the 19 who died, had pathological newborn neurological exam. PMID- 6535555 TI - [Reflex epilepsy: study of 5 cases]. AB - Five clinical cases of reflex epilepsy with the EEG records during the seizure are provided. A review of the clinical aspects and EEG characteristics of these epilepsies is made. Its physiopathology is discussed and the findings compared to those in the literature. PMID- 6535556 TI - [Myasthenia gravis induced by D-penicillamine in a patient with progressive systemic sclerosis]. AB - The development of autoimmune diseases in some patients treated with D penicillamine (DPA) suggests that the reported occurrence of a conduction disorder at the neuromuscular junction and the development of a reversible myasthenia gravis in rheumatoid disease, progressive systemic sclerosis or Wilson's disease after the use of DPA are part of a general predisposition for autoimmune disease related to DPA therapy. The case reported is an example. The DPA- induced myasthenia gravis (MG) is similar to the spontaneous MG clinically and electrophysiologically, though ocular signs prevail in the former. Antibodies to acetylcholine receptor have been demonstrated and thymic hyperplasia also has been formed. Regarding the onset of myasthenic manifestations the duration of the treatment with DPA varies from 6 to 10 months. The action of DPA on the neuromuscular junction is different from that occurring in spontaneous MG. The pathogenesis of the DPA induced MG is still obscure. The chemical properties of DPA permit it to react with many proteins and some alteration of proteins may appear, with structural changes in the composition and antigenicity of the collagen fibers. In vitro DPA causes disorder of acetylcholine receptor bridges to alpha, beta, gamma sub-units with reduction of the S-S bridges in the gamma subunit. This decreases the linkage of high affinity and abolishes its positive cooperative system, reducing the S-S connection in the alpha-unit near the acetylcholine linkage. The interaction between DPA and receptor may induce antigenic alteration in this latter, starting the autoimmune phenomena. The other possibility is the stimulation of prostaglandin E-1 synthesis by DPA may fill the allosteric place of ACh receptor, interfering on the neuromuscular junction. PMID- 6535557 TI - [Hyalinosis cutis et mucosae: report of a case]. AB - The clinical case of a patient with hyalinosis cutis et mucosae is reported, and the neurological, radiological and dermatological aspects involved are discussed. We point out the presence of intracranial calcifications, demonstrated by radiological examination, considered to be pathognomonic. PMID- 6535558 TI - [Neurocysticercosis associated with hypoparathyroidism and Fahr's disease (?): report of a case]. AB - The author reports a case of neurocysticercosis and hypoparathyroidism in a 28 year-old female with bilateral symmetric basal ganglia calcification demonstrable by C.A.T.-Scan. A brief review of the literature is made in order to show why the eponym "Fahr's disease" should not be applied to this case. PMID- 6535559 TI - [Meningioma of the posterior fossa with extracranial expansion in a child: report of a case]. AB - A case of posterior fossa meningeoma with extracranial projection in a three years old female child is reported. The rarity of the process, its localization and the age group committed are emphasized. The radiological findings first suggesting an aneurismatic bone cyst like are commented. The surgical treatment with a posterior fossa approach and good results observed as well as the rarity of this pathology justify the report. PMID- 6535560 TI - [Pontine histoplasmosis: report of a case]. AB - A case of central nervous system histoplasmosis located at the pons is reported. The authors point out difficulties for the diagnosis of the pathology during life and some aspects of the treatment and their results. The rarity of the process is emphasized. PMID- 6535561 TI - [Virus search in cerebrospinal fluid in Vogt-Koyanagi syndrome: report of a case]. AB - Research was carried out on isolating and identification of a virus in the cerebrospinal fluid of a patient with the Vogt-Koyanagi syndrome (uveomeningeal encephalitis). Results were negative. It was not possible to detect any virus causing the disease in this case. This research was the first such study carried out in Brazil. PMID- 6535562 TI - Licensing. PMID- 6535563 TI - The role of computed tomography in the management of pineal area tumors. PMID- 6535564 TI - Comparison of blood-brain barrier disruption in the rabbit following intracarotid iopamidol and methylglucamine iothalamate. PMID- 6535565 TI - Cerebral atrophy in the aboriginal, child and man: a review of CT brain scans in the Northern Territory. PMID- 6535566 TI - Persistent trigeminal artery and multiple aneurysms. Case report. PMID- 6535567 TI - Direct "metrizamide" myelocystography in syringohydromyelia. Report of 3 cases. PMID- 6535568 TI - C.T. evaluation of fractures of cervical articular processes. PMID- 6535569 TI - Computed tomography in carcinoma of the larynx. PMID- 6535571 TI - Echocardiography in the coronary care unit. PMID- 6535570 TI - Supine pneumothoraces in adults. PMID- 6535572 TI - Gastric emphysema: an etiologic classification. PMID- 6535573 TI - Marginal artery of Drummond in aorto-arteritis. PMID- 6535574 TI - Technetium-99m-diethyl-IDA sequential hepatobiliary scintigraphy in the pre operative evaluation of omphalopagus conjoined twins. PMID- 6535575 TI - Minimising radiation hazards in paediatric nuclear medicine. PMID- 6535576 TI - Nitrous oxide analgesia in the radiology department. PMID- 6535577 TI - Mammography doses in N.S.W. PMID- 6535578 TI - Three new contaminants detected in postmortem blood samples. AB - Three contaminants were identified during drug screening of postmortem blood samples which had been stored in glass bottles with a black rubber seal. Two of these contaminants, cyanoethyl dimethyldithiocarbamate and N-phenyl-2 naphthylamine, were found to come from the rubber seal of some bottles. The third contaminant was not a single compound but rather a mixture of aryl phosphates with a composition very similar to technical grade tritolyl phosphate. The origin of these phosphates is at present unknown. PMID- 6535579 TI - Cancer incidence at a hydrometallurgical nickel refinery. AB - Sherritt Gordon Mines Limited established hydrometallurgical nickel refining operations at Fort Saskatchewan, Alberta, in 1954. Records of workers with a minimum of one year's employment with Sherritt Gordon Mines were obtained and identification information as well as details of work history were collected and placed on computer. Cancer cases were identified by matching the study records with the computer listings of the Alberta Cancer Registry. Cancer deaths were verified utilizing record-linkage with death registrations of the Alberta Vital Statistics Division. The files of the Alberta Health Care Insurance Commission were used to ascertain the vital status of past employees of Sherritt Gordon Mines Limited. Among the 993 employees in the nickel refining and maintenance groups at Sherritt Gordon Mines, 30 cases of cancer were identified occurring at 13 diagnostic sites. No neoplasms of the nasal cavities or paranasal sinuses were found in the study population. Two cases of lung cancer were detected among maintenance workers. A single case of renal-cell cancer was diagnosed in the nickel-exposure category as well as in the maintenance group. None of the observed-to-expected cancer incidence ratios at the various diagnostic sites were statistically significant at the p less than 0.05 level. PMID- 6535580 TI - Evidence for penetration of the nuclear envelope by N nitrosomethylhydroxymethylamine. AB - The metabolic activation of N-nitrosamines to alkylating agents is mediated by the hydroxylation of the carbon adjacent to the N-nitroso moiety. The resulting N nitroso-alpha-hydroxy-amines are unstable and decompose to an aldehyde or ketone and a syn-alkane diazotic acid, the latter species being responsible for the carbenium ion reactions associated with nitrosamine-induced alkylation of DNA. Since this chain of events is thought to be initiated in the cytoplasm, there must be a 'transportable' metabolite that can diffuse through the cytoplasm, penetrate the nuclear envelope and alkylate the DNA therein. The 'transportability' of N-nitrosomethylhydroxymethylamine, the putative proximate metabolite of N-nitrosodimethylamine, has been assessed by incubating N-nitroso- ([14C]-methyl)-methylacetoxymethylamine with intact rat liver nuclei in the presence and absence of esterase. The results obtained demonstrate the ability of the in-situ-generated N-nitroso-alpha-hydroxyamine to penetrate the nuclear envelope and confirm that these unstable metabolites are 'transportable' proximate carcinogens. PMID- 6535581 TI - Emergency care. PMID- 6535582 TI - Cardiopulmonary resuscitation in the accident and emergency department. PMID- 6535583 TI - Wound infection following surgery in an accident and emergency theatre. AB - Five hundred and six clean minor surgical procedures were carried out in an emergency theatre. One theatre was used for both clean and septic conditions; clean cases preceding the septic lesions. Sepsis rates were assessed prospectively and complete follow-up was obtained in 491 patients. Four hundred and fifty (91.6%) patients achieved primary healing. Thirty (6.1%) patients developed a mild serous discharge; three developed wound haematomas and eight (1.6%) patients had severely infected wounds with a purulent discharge. From the acceptably low incidence of severely infected wounds with a purulent discharge. From the acceptably low incidence of severely infected wounds we conclude that there is no need for separate clean and septic theatres in an emergency department provided the clean operations are comparatively short and simple procedures. PMID- 6535584 TI - The effects of minor and moderately severe accidental chest injuries on pulmonary function in man. AB - Pulmonary function has been measured at intervals after direct chest injuries of mild and moderate severity in 46 patients. Ventilatory capacity (e.g. FEV1) and vital capacity were reduced and the residual volume was increased. Total lung capacity and alveolar volume were also reduced and as a result total pulmonary diffusing capacity (transfer factor) was decreased, however, the remaining lung had a normal diffusion coefficient. Intercostal nerve block at the fracture site did not improve ventilatory capacity although marked pain relief was achieved. Recovery was slower in those patients not admitted to hospital than in the more seriously injured patients who were admitted. It is suggested that more attention should be paid to the outpatient follow-up of such patients, perhaps paying particular attention to physiotherapy. PMID- 6535585 TI - The therapeutic implications of some recent research on trauma. PMID- 6535586 TI - Splenic rupture presenting as haemothorax. PMID- 6535588 TI - Chest drainage trocar catheter--Mallinckrodt (UK) Ltd. PMID- 6535587 TI - Multiple casualties caused by a gale. AB - On 1 February 1983 severe westerly gales affected most of Britain. In Leeds wind speeds of up to 96 mph (43 metres/sec) were reported, 116 patients were treated in hospital for injuries caused by the wind and three people died. The majority of accidents occurred when people were blown over whilst walking outside. These might have been avoided had people been warned to stay inside. PMID- 6535589 TI - Strategies in genetic counseling. Clinical investigation studies. Proceedings of Third Annual Education Conference of National Society of Genetic Counselors. Seattle, Washington, June 1983. PMID- 6535590 TI - What to do with that great idea/observation: research design. PMID- 6535591 TI - Constructing an effective questionnaire. PMID- 6535592 TI - Impact of a late-onset autosomal dominant precancerous disease on the knowledge and attitudes of a large kindred. PMID- 6535593 TI - A genetic study of an orthopedic referral center. AB - There is a substantial genetic component in the orthopedic population studied. Twenty-five percent of the new patients and 46% of the specialty clinic populations had a genetic disorder. The single-gene component was 7.2% and 13% in these two patient populations studied. In comparison to the previously studied pediatric populations, the single-gene component was almost double that found in the inpatient pediatric population, and seven times greater than that in the outpatient pediatric population. Our results suggest that genetic counseling should play an important part in orthopedic care and management, especially at the orthopedic and tertiary referral centers. PMID- 6535594 TI - Evaluation of a pamphlet on genetic counseling services for couples obtaining a marriage license. AB - The results of this study suggest that a pamphlet on genetic counseling can be an effective method of providing information to couples obtaining a marriage license. The negative emotional effects of the pamphlet appear to be minimal and the recipients retained important knowledge and information. Questions not answered by this pilot study include 1) the effectiveness of leaving pamphlets on a counter in a well-designed display that would attract peoples' attention; 2) whether or not providing information on genetic services increases the referral rate to genetic centers; and 3) whether the difference in the reported prior knowledge level was an artifact or real. PMID- 6535595 TI - The psychodynamics associated with sickle cell gene carrier status. PMID- 6535596 TI - The fetus as a patient: some preliminary data from the first year of a fetal medicine and surgery program. PMID- 6535597 TI - Counseling dilemmas in the prenatal diagnosis of 45,XO/46,XX mosaicism. PMID- 6535598 TI - Amniocentesis and rhaphiphobia: a preliminary survey. PMID- 6535599 TI - Workings of a state human research review board. PMID- 6535600 TI - The Blue Cross and Blue Shield Association's Genetic Services Benefit Study. PMID- 6535601 TI - Collection and analysis of pedigree data. AB - Computerized data base systems designed to work with pedigree data can be used for both routine collection and display of pedigree information, as well as to gather research data for input into genetic analysis programs. Segregation and linkage analysis methods can be valuable for elucidating the genetic and environmental mechanisms of a particular disorder and as a first step toward discovering the biochemical basis behind them. These methods can also be used to provide more precise counseling to at-risk individuals. PMID- 6535602 TI - Creating community awareness of genetic services. PMID- 6535603 TI - An approach to research on congenital contractures. AB - We have described a study evaluating over 1,500 patients said to have arthrogryposis. It is clear that arthrogryposis is a sign and not a diagnosis. The approach was one of collecting information and sorting out specific groups of patients. We employed a flexible protocol that allowed us to go back and collect additional information from families. Our study was pared down to include 350 patients, who were studied in detail. A great deal of heterogeneity exists within what has been called arthrogryposis. We have developed an approach to patients with congenital contractures, which is to divide them into three groups, depending on whether they have primarily limb involvement, whether they have limb involvement plus other abnormalities, or whether they have limb involvement plus CNS dysfunction. In this manner, we arrived at a useful differential diagnosis for each of these categories. We have been able to recognize not only a number of specific entities, but also principles of therapies. The approach has allowed us to say something about recurrence risks, natural history, and also which treatment is most appropriate for an individual case. It would appear that our interest in, and study of congenital contractures, have also led to a better understanding of the factors involved in normal development of joints. This has occurred by accumulating a large group of patients and evaluating each of them systematically. PMID- 6535604 TI - Support for prenatal decision following an abnormal amniocentesis: structure, dynamics, and outreach. PMID- 6535605 TI - [Morphogenesis of the frontal bone in the chick embryo. Study of induction phenomena]. AB - Comparison of results obtained by SCHOWING (1968) with those of BALLIF (1985) shows that frontal bones of chick embryo, which are completely missing after removal of the anterior encephalic territories, are still partially existent after a localized microinjection of Actinomycin D into the embryonic encephalon. The remaining part of frontal bones corresponds to territories mainly derived from the neural crests (NODEN, 1982). These latters don't need any encephalic induction to develop into ossification centres. PMID- 6535606 TI - [X-ray computed tomography of intracranial fluid cavities in the infant (ventricles, the interhemispheric fissure and pericerebral spaces)]. AB - The brain of 102 infants with an age range of 0,5-22 months was examined with computed tomography (C.T.). The main indications for C.T. investigations were psychomotor retardation or seizures. There were 70 infants with an increase of the volume of intracranial cerebrospinal fluid characterized by -a pericerebral effusion with a thickness from 1-14 mm -a dilatation of interhemispheric fissure and most frequently an internal hydrocephalus. This phenomenon and his spontaneous remission suggested, that if arachnoid will are observed in new-born infants, they increased in complexity with normal function as development proceeded. PMID- 6535607 TI - [Can one speak of the "recession" of the frontal bone?]. AB - The receding aspect of the frontal bone in Primates and fossil men, comes primarily from the orientation adopted and the nature of the point chosen, the ontogenic shift of which is important. There is a confusion between shape and position notions. A study in the "vestibular" axes demonstrate that the inclination of the squamous portion of the frontal bone is significantly less variable then has been claimed, especially if one considers the endocranium. PMID- 6535608 TI - [Talo-calcaneal continuity. Myth or reality?]. AB - On the basis of two separate biomechanical studies of talus and calcaneus, the authors show: the absolute continuity of the trabecular structure of these bones, the mechanical behaviour characterised as "fragile" for the talus and "intermediate" for the calcaneus, superficial strains underload: by photoelastic studies, they are show to be in reversed phases both on their lateral and medial sides. Authors conclude that these two bones act together as sectional across which collect dispach and absorb transmitted forces during gate. PMID- 6535609 TI - [Tooth eruption and alveolar cicatrization]. AB - The aim of this study is to display the repairing mechanisms to happen when the gingival epithelium is hurt by dental eruption or extraction. The experimentation has been managed on rats, using scanning electronic microscopy. PMID- 6535610 TI - [Oxytalan fibers of the periodontium]. AB - Oxytalan fibers have been described for the first time in 1958 by FULLMER and LILLIE; they seem to be different from collagen fibers and elastic ones (the last being scare in the alveolar ligament). Either their biochemical structure or their specific functions remains to be known. This first work tries to describe the maturation and the organisation of the oxytalanic system. Molars of rats are observed and use is made of both photonic and electronic transmission microscopies. PMID- 6535611 TI - [The anterior tibial artery and vascularization of the muscles of the anterior compartment of the leg. Application to the anterior compartment syndrome of the leg]. AB - The arterial vascularisation of the anterior loge of the leg is supply by the anterior tibial artery. Three muscles are contained in an inextensible space. Each of this muscles received an arterial supply proportional to his volume. The fragility to ischemy of the extensor hallucis longus is not explained by insufficiency of this arterial branches. PMID- 6535612 TI - [Proceedings of the 25th World Conference of the International Union Against Tuberculosis--6. Buenos Aires, 15-18 December 1982]. PMID- 6535613 TI - Proceedings of the 9th congress of the Sociedade Brasileira de Imunologia. November 11-13, 1983, Sao Lourenco, MG. Abstracts. PMID- 6535614 TI - Proceedings of the 9th congress of the Sociedade Brasileira de Biofisica, 2nd congress of the Sociedade Brasileira de Farmacologia e Terapeutica Experimental, 19th congress of the Sociedade Brasileira de Fisiologia. June 30-July 4, 1984, Sao Paulo. Abstracts. PMID- 6535615 TI - [Role of aggressiveness among psychogenic risks in cardiology]. PMID- 6535616 TI - [Health and the environment in the face of advances in biotechnology]. PMID- 6535617 TI - Response to heat treatment (42.5 degrees C) in vivo and in vitro of five human melanoma xenografts. AB - The response to heat (42.5 degrees C) of five human melanoma xenografts was studied. Tumours grown subcutaneously in the hind leg of athymic mice were heated in a water-bath and specific growth delay was used as a measure of response. In other experiments, cells from the same xenografts were heated in vitro and the colony-forming ability was assayed in soft agar. The slopes of the in-vivo dose response curves (specific growth delay versus heating time) varied within a factor of about three among the five melanomas. The Do values of the in-vitro heat survival curves ranged from 44 +/- 3 to 123 +/- 15 min. The response to heat in vivo was not positively correlated with the tumour volume-doubling time, the growth fraction, the cell loss factor or the intrinsic heat sensitivity of the tumour cells, i.e., the Do values of the in vitro heat survival curves. If the results obtained in the present work are representative for clinical practice, they indicate that the response to heat may vary considerably among tumours in different patients. This variability can probably not be predicted from measurements of cytokinetic parameters of the tumours. The lack of correlation between the response to heat in vivo and in vitro demonstrates that extrapolations of results from studies in vitro to tumours are highly speculative and, when attempted, should be executed only with extreme caution. PMID- 6535618 TI - Fractures of the upper thoracic spine--an addition to the "seat-belt" syndrome. PMID- 6535619 TI - Spontaneous cholecysto-umbilical fistula. PMID- 6535620 TI - The effect of dose rate and multiple fractions per day on radiation-induced lung damage in mice. PMID- 6535621 TI - A comparison of iopamidol and iohexol in peripheral angiography. PMID- 6535622 TI - The treatment of malignant melanoma. PMID- 6535623 TI - Is the steepness of dose-incidence curves for tumour control or complications due to variation before, or as a result of, irradiation? PMID- 6535624 TI - Proceedings of the British Institute of Radiology. Forty-second annual congress and scientific exhibition, April 4-6, 1984. Radiodiagnostic and therapeutic procedures: their justification and optimisation. Abstracts. PMID- 6535625 TI - The threatened caecum in acute large-bowel obstruction. AB - The recognition of intramural caecal gas as a sign of necrosis and incipient caecal rupture in cases of acute large-bowel obstruction is emphasised. Gas was noted within the caecal wall in two cases of large-bowel obstruction due to recto sigmoid carcinoma. At operation the proximal large bowel was found to be non viable in one of these, and the other required a repeat operation for gangrenous bowel two days after the initial procedure. These cases illustrate the importance of specifically looking for intramural caecal gas in patients with acute large bowel obstruction, and its value in identifying the threatened caecum, especially if marked distension is present. PMID- 6535626 TI - An evaluation of different imaging chains in clinical chest radiography. AB - Six imaging techniques in clinical chest radiography have been evaluated: four film-screen combinations in the conventional grid technique and two combinations in the air gap technique. Five parameters characterising the quality of a chest radiograph were evaluated by three radiologists and one chest physician by using a nominal grading scale from -2 to +2 compared with the standard technique. The quality parameters judged were: the visibility of peripheral lung vessels, lung parenchyme, the pulmonary hilum, and lung structure behind the heart shadow, as well as the visibility of miscellaneous findings of clinical interest. The air gap technique was shown to be superior to the ordinary grid technique. The diagnostic quality of chest radiography does not necessarily deteriorate with the screen speed. However, statistically significant differences were noticed, even between techniques which had equal speed and physical resolution. PMID- 6535627 TI - Radiation dosimetry in radiology of the temporomandibular joint. AB - The absorbed doses and energy imparted during conventional radiography and tomography of the temporomandibular joint were examined. Absorbed doses from the lateral-oblique transcranial projection and lateral tomography were low (0.02 to 7 mGy). From the axial projection the thyroid gland and salivary glands received a substantial dose (15 to 54 mGy) which was considerably decreased using an improved design of collimator. Radiation to the lens of the eye for the transmaxillary projection and for frontal tomography was 3 to 8 mGy. This can be reduced by a factor of 25 using lead-glass eye shields. The mean energy imparted from a bilateral examination of the temporomandibular joints using axial projection, four exposures for the transcranial lateral-oblique views, two exposures in the transmaxillary projection and lateral tomography views using a multi-film cassette was 34 mJ. The axial projection accounted for 50% of this figure. PMID- 6535628 TI - Cerebral response to medullary pyramid stimulation in the rabbit. AB - The response evoked in the cerebral cortex of the rabbit by stimulation of the medullary pyramid was studied electrophysiologically. The response was everywhere surface-positive and began 2-3 ms after the stimulus. It exceeded 1 mV in amplitude and generally lasted 2-4 ms. Maps of the response showed it to extend throughout the anterior one-third of the cortex (in the 'motor' cortex) and into adjacent tissue, including the limbic cortex. Although it depended on antidromic conduction in pyramidal tract fibers for its production, it varied in amplitude, configuration and latency at different sites and at the same sites on repeated trials. It was found to reverse polarity deep in the cortex, to become a large, negative wave in layer V and to maintain that polarity into the underlying white matter. The response disappeared during a spreading depression, though it recovered more rapidly than the primary response evoked by skin stimulation. Maps of the primary response showed a strong overlap with the 'antidromic' response, though the response was largest slightly caudal to the maximal focus of the 'antidromic' response and extended more caudally through transitional and into limbic cortex. The 'antidromic' response showed two major foci on the cortex, with an additional minor focus located more laterally. It is argued that the 'antidromic' response in the rabbit is the same as that found in the opossum, woodchuck, rat and slow loris, and is markedly different from that found in the cat and macaque monkey. It is postulated that this response reflects synaptic action in pyramidal tract axon collaterals, probably onto cell bodies in layer V, rather than being a purely antidromic event. PMID- 6535629 TI - Quantitative analysis of salamander horizontal head nystagmus. AB - The horizontal optokinetic head nystagmus of salamanders (Salamandra salamandra) was investigated at various constant and sinusoidally modulated velocities. With constant velocities the best compensation (head velocity/stimulus velocity) measured was 0.6 at a stimulus velocity of 3 deg/s. With slow stimuli up to 5 deg/s, small oscillations in the slow phase of the nystagmus occurred. The nystagmus started with a delay of 1.1 s after onset of stimulus with an acceleration period of up to 6 s. After the stimulus terminated, the head was decelerated within (on average) 5 s, indicating a weak velocity storage element. The nystagmus frequency, the acceleration time, and the deceleration time were in correlation with the head velocity during the slow phase. With sinusoidal stimuli, nonlinearities were displayed: the gain was amplitude-dependent, and distortions of the sinusoidal head movements occurred with higher frequencies. PMID- 6535630 TI - A 'physiological' model for the salamander horizontal optokinetic reflex. AB - The salamander optokinetic head nystagmus can be explained by a comparatively simple negative feedback loop with few operational units within the loop. These units may easily be represented by properties of neural elements. In particular, the retinal slip velocity is transformed into an internal excitation by a velocity transfer function derived from pretectal recordings. A velocity storage element with input-output comparator is proposed as a recurrent inhibition network. A threshold element sums up the neuronal thresholds of the units involved. An internal gain factor may be interpreted as the transformation of the neural signal to a motor output. This output occurs with a stimulus-independent delay of 1 s, which is considered to be the sum of all conduction delays in the system. The model produces an output that is in excellent conformity with the optokinetic behavior. Additionally, the model predicts behavioral responses to optokinetic stimulation with extended stimulus ranges or with central lesions. PMID- 6535631 TI - Tangential organization of olfactory, association, and commissural projections to olfactory cortex in a species of reptile (Trionyx spiniferus), bird (Aix sponsa), and mammal (Tupaia glis). AB - Small amounts of tritiated leucine were injected into the olfactory bulb or anterior olfactory cortex of softshell turtles, wood ducks, and tree shrews in order to compare quantitatively the laminar distribution of olfactory bulb, association, and commissural projections to olfactory cortex. In all three species, a similar colaminar distribution of olfactory and association projections was found: the olfactory projections are restricted to the superficial cortical layer Ia, while the association projections are distributed into the deeper cortical layers Ib, II, and III. Differences among these three species were found in the origin and distribution of commissural projections. Whereas in tree shrews these fibers originate from third-order neurons and project into the deeper layers of the contralateral cortex (with the homolateral olfactory bulb projections), in softshell turtles and wood ducks, they originate from second-order neurons and project into the superficial layer of the contralateral cortex (with the homolateral olfactory bulb projections). These results, in conjunction with those obtained previously in other species, indicate that the basic tangential organization of mammalian olfactory cortex is retained, albeit with some modification, from a remote, reptilian ancestor. PMID- 6535632 TI - Posture and laterality in the bushbaby (Galago senegalensis). AB - A colony of adult bushbabies was assessed for hand preference in order to determine what the proportion of preference for the left and right might be for the population and whether hand preference for individuals was reliable. 25 animals were tested in an apparatus demanding a vertical stance. The population bias was expressed in a distribution skewed toward a left-hand bias. With 16 animals available for retesting, the test-retest reliability coefficient was 0.651, significant at the 0.01 level. When 12 of the original subjects were tested in an apparatus demanding a quadrupedal stance, hand preference shifted to a bimodal distribution. Test-retest reliability was 0.864, significant at the 0.01 level. Significant correlations were not found between two types of test nor between the two retests. Neither sex nor length of laboratory residence served to predict hand preference. These results were discussed with the view that the postural adjustments required by a bipedal stance may have shaped the development of handedness in humans. PMID- 6535633 TI - Allometric characteristics of the developing inferior olivary nucleus of the kitten. AB - The allometric characteristics of the inferior olivary complex were studied in 13 kittens, which ranged in age from 39 to 125 days gestation (parturition = 62 days). The date of conception was known for 8 of the specimens whereas only the date of birth was known for the other 5 kittens. Each brain stem was serially sectioned and every tenth section was stained with cresyl-echt violet. The volume of the complete inferior olivary complex showed a curvilinear increase, with an 8% per day growth rate postnatally. The neuron diameter also showed greater increase postnatally. The diameter reached adult range by 1 month postnatally. The neuron population exhibited both prenatal and postnatal changes. There was a 35% cell decrease from 75,800 estimated cells at 49 days to 49,140 at parturition; this was followed by a 33% increase to 73,700 estimated cells by 73 days after which the population was within the adult range. The neuron density demonstrated more than a 70% decrease prenatally. This quantitative analysis of the kitten's inferior olivary complex indicates that a transient population of olivary neurons exists prenatally and that considerable maturation of olivary complex occurs postnatally. PMID- 6535634 TI - [Comparison of the classical and the computerized method of studying the red blood cell picture using orthogonal regression]. PMID- 6535635 TI - [Magnetic separation of blood components]. PMID- 6535636 TI - [Toxicity and hematologic changes after intraperitoneal administration of Traumacel P in rats and rabbits]. PMID- 6535637 TI - Differentiation antigens of mouse teratocarcinoma stem cells defined by monoclonal antibodies. AB - Three differentiation antigens of mouse teratocarcinoma stem cells are defined using a panel of ten IgM-class monoclonal antibodies raised against teratocarcinoma F9 cells. TEC-01 and four other antibodies define an antigen that corresponds to SSEA-1. TEC-02 antibody defines an antigen that is expressed on teratocarcinoma stem cells, parietal yolk sac cells PYS-2, unfertilized eggs including the zona pellucida and blastocysts. It is absent from all mouse adult tissues tested. Three other antibodies exhibit binding properties similar to TEC 02. TEC-03 antibody defines an antigen that is expressed on teratocarcinoma stem cells, PYS-2 cells and mouse blastocysts. It is absent from all mouse adult tissues except for lungs. PMID- 6535638 TI - Isolation of a putative cell adhesion mediating lectin from teratocarcinoma stem cells and its possible role in differentiation. AB - We have identified a cell surface teratocarcinoma stem cell lectin with a fucan/mannan specificity by the use of an erythrocyte rosetting assay as well as hemagglutination assay. We have also described experiments that suggest that the lectin is involved in mediating divalent cation-independent adhesion of the stem cells. This molecule has been purified from stem cell conditioned medium and identified as a polypeptide of 56 000 apparent molecular weight. An antibody has been raised to this 56K polypeptide (using material eluted from an SDS polyacrylamide gel as the immunogen) and its specificity determined by protein blot analysis. In addition, we have recently observed that only carbohydrates recognized by the lectin interfere with in vitro embryoid body formation by the stem cells, suggesting that the lectin may be involved in differentiation. PMID- 6535639 TI - Detection of a nerve-specific membrane protein on differentiating PCC3/A/1 cells. AB - Attempts were made to prepare monoclonal antibodies specifically reactive with cell surface components of a murine neuroblastoma cell line, Neuro 2a. One of the antibodies (1c2) reacts with a varying proportion of in vitro cultivated Neuro 2a cells, but does not react with murine embryonal carcinoma cell lines (PCC3/A/1 and F9) or with a murine fibroblast line (LM). This antibody selectively stains a subpopulation of nerve cells in murine adult central nervous system, e.g. granular cells in cerebellar cortex. Immunoaffinity purification of adult brain and Neuro 2a plasma membrane fractions with the antibody resulted in an electrophoretically pure protein of approx. 28 kD molecular weight as estimated by SDS-PAGE. Although this antigen is absent from PCC3/A/1 embryonal carcinoma cells, it can be demonstrated after 9 days of growth and differentiation under low density conditions by indirect immunoperoxidase staining. This monoclonal antibody may prove useful in further analysis of neural tissue development. PMID- 6535640 TI - Serological characterization of a pluripotent mouse embryonal stem cell line, two transformed derivatives, and an endoderm-like cell line. AB - The pluripotent mouse embryonal stem cell line BLC 1 and two transformants derived from it by DNA transformation (T1 and T2/K26) as well as the blastocyst derived cell line BLC 3 were tested for the presence of cell surface antigens recognized by the monoclonal antibodies ECMA-7, anti-SSEA-1 and M 1/22.25, and intermediate filament proteins labeled by the monoclonal antibodies TROMA 1 and TROMA 2 using a three-step indirect immunofluorescence technique. According to present concepts and in agreement with previous data (Wobus et al., 1984a), the results obtained indicate that BLC 1, T1 and T2/K26 are undifferentiated embryonal stem cells, and BLC 3 is an endoderm-like cell line. PMID- 6535641 TI - Nerve-cell-specific proteins in teratocarcinoma-derived neuroblastomas and embryonic brain. AB - Neural differentiation was analyzed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis in two parallel systems: in teratocarcinoma-derived tumors that became determined to the formation of nerve-like cells and in developing brain of the early mouse embryo. The comparative analysis revealed four putative nerve-specific proteins (NSP) with Mr of 29K, 26K, 20K, and 16K, each of which was synthesized in both neurogenic tumors and during brain development but not in muscle tissue of developing limbs nor in undifferentiated cells of a pluripotential teratocarcinoma. NSP 29 and NSP 20 were found to be transiently expressed early in brain development at gestation day 8.5. At this stage, NSP 26 was barely detectable, but was synthesized at higher rates in brain tissue of day-12 and day 15 embryos. NSP 16 was present in brain tissue at all analyzed developmental stages. PMID- 6535642 TI - Interactions between diploid embryonal carcinoma cells and early embryonic cells. AB - Two diploid embryonal carcinoma (EC) cell lines, P10 and P19, differ in their response to the embryonic environment. P10 produces mostly normal chimeras following injection into blastocysts, whereas P19 produces mostly abnormal chimeras. In this study, P10 cells were aggregated with morulae, and all resulting fetuses were chimeric with very large contributions from the EC cells. However, all embryos were abnormal. Following aggregation of P19 cells with morulae, very few embryos were recovered and they were all non-chimeric. Both P10 and P19 were capable of forming functional gap junctions with morula cells and with the ICM of the blastocyst but not with trophoblast, showing that differences in the ability to make junctional contact with the embryo cannot explain the differences between the two cell lines. PMID- 6535643 TI - Control of meiosis by somatic cells in mice: inheritance of the meiosis I error 'diploidy' and nonexpression in sensitive NMRI/Han oocytes ovulated from chimeras. AB - NMRI mouse and Djungarian hamster females ovulate diploid and/or hyperploid oocytes with increased frequencies after gonadotrophin stimulation, suggesting that somatic cells are involved in the failures of endocrine control resulting in aneuploidy. To study the inheritance of gonadotrophin-induced aneuploidy as well as the fate of sensitive oocytes in a resistant somatic environment and vice versa, we analysed the frequency of diploid oocytes in NMRI/Han, C57BL/6J and their F1 hybrids (C57BL/6J X NMRI/Han), (NMRI/Han X C57BL/6J) as well as in NMRI/Han in equilibrium C57BL/6J chimeric females after gonadotrophin injections. Ovulated oocytes were analysed in all females for the appearance of diploidy, characterized as premature arrest of development at metaphase I. Our data suggest that the trait of induced diploidy is genetically determined and can be transmitted either maternally or paternally. A maternal effect modulated the expression of that trait. Several mechanisms acting on the feed-back control ovary-hypothalamus/pituitary, within the ovary or even within a chimeric follicle, may be responsible that 'sensitive' oocytes ovulated from chimeras are all normal haploid. These data suggest that not only oocyte maturation but also chromosome disjunction during meiosis I is controlled by somatic cells. PMID- 6535644 TI - Injection of murine embryonal carcinoma cells and embryo-derived pluripotential cells into mouse blastocysts. AB - Two pluripotential mouse cell lines, the OTT 6050-derived cell line TCE and the embryo-derived stem cell line BLC-1, were injected into blastocysts to analyze their developmental potential. The contribution of TCE cells to the embryo was found to be limited and sporadic. There was no indication of a preferential colonization of extraembryonal membranes or developmentally related tissues in adult chimeras. BLC-1 cells failed to colonize the embryo. This indicates that a normal karyotype, pluripotency, and cell surface markers which are shared by cells of early embryos are not necessarily sufficient markers for their ability to participate in embryogenesis. PMID- 6535645 TI - Gene expression of differentiated parent in teratocarcinoma cell hybrids. Repression or reprogramming? AB - The hybrid cell line H422 was constructed by fusing embryonal carcinoma (EC) cells of the PCC4AzaRCapR cell line with lymphocytes from a 129-tw32 mouse inbred strain female. An apparently complete extinction of stage-specific gene products of the lymphocyte parent was inferred from comparison of protein maps in two dimensional PAGE of parental and hybrid cells, and from the reactivity patterns of monoclonal antibodies in radioimmunobinding assays. Furthermore, the hybrid cells display a true EC phenotype and EC functions, tumorigenicity and pluripotency. Taken together, the available evidence suggests either that the lymphocyte genome is a 'silent passenger' as far as the differentiated functions of hybrid cells are concerned, or that the developmentally restricted lymphocyte genome is reprogrammed in the hybrid cells back to a non-determined stage and both genomes thus act in a concerted manner. PMID- 6535646 TI - A gene controlling teratocarcinoma graft rejection mapped inside the t0 haplotype. AB - The embryo-derived teratocarcinoma TC1Ph of the genotype (129 t0/T X C3H)t0/+ and embryonal carcinoma (EC) cell line EC1Ph, established from the TC1Ph, were used as grafts for mice differing only at the T-H-2 interval of chromosome 17. Using exceptional recombinants in this chromosome region a two-gene model of genetic control of EC histocompatibility was proposed. The Cech-1 gene situated at the T end of the T-H-2 interval would control expression of the EC histocompatibility gene located near the H-2 complex. PMID- 6535647 TI - Developmentally regulated surface structures of teratocarcinoma stem cells studied by mutant cell lines. AB - Monoclonal antibodies TEC-01, TEC-02, and TEC-03, which define three developmentally regulated antigens TEC-1 (SSEA-1-like), TEC-2, and TEC-3, have been used to isolate and characterize teratocarcinoma stem cell mutants with altered expression of surface glycoconjugates. Mutants lacking TEC-1 antigen have been isolated by exposing mutagenized P19S1801A1 cells to TEC-01 antibody, which was conjugated to the toxin from Ricinus communis. None of the mutants exhibits significant changes in the expression of TEC-3 antigen, but some are defective in the expression of TEC-2 antigen. Analysis of the expression of TEC-1,2,3 antigens in different lectin-resistant F9 and OTF9-63 cell lines has shown that all express TEC-1 antigen, but some lectin-resistant phenotypes exhibit reduction in the expression of TEC-2 and/or TEC-3 antigens. Mutational events in genes regulating the expression of specific glycosyltransferases or glycosidases appear to be the biochemical mechanism regulating the expression of TEC-1 and TEC-2 antigens. PMID- 6535648 TI - Molecular biology of embryonic and teratocarcinoma stem cells. Proceedings of an international symposium. Prague, Czechoslovakia, 10-15 September 1984. PMID- 6535649 TI - Differentiation of human testicular embryonal carcinoma and teratocarcinoma grown in nude mice and soft-agar cultures. AB - The differentiation pattern of two human germ cell tumors, grown in nude mice and in vitro is described. Tumor A was an embryonal carcinoma (EC) of borderline histology with characteristics of yolk sac tumor and of seminoma; tumor B was a teratocarcinoma with yolk sac elements and syncytiotrophoblastic giant cells. The morphology of an EC as well as cytogenetic characteristics were maintained during 20 passages in nude mice from tumor A and over 11 passages from tumor B. Tumor A did not grow in vitro. Cell suspensions prepared from xenografted tumor B grew into cystic embryoid bodies in semi-solid tissue culture medium. These embryoid bodies showed cuboidal and flattened cells with microvilli, junctional complexes, peripheral microfilaments, and annulated lamellae, reminiscent of the 'inner cell mass' of a blastula and of endoderm, respectively. When such colonies were transplanted into nude mice, however, only tumors with the morphology found in the transplants appeared. PMID- 6535650 TI - Polychemotherapy in ovarian cancer: treatment with Adriamycin, BCNU and cyclophosphamide vs. Adriamycin and cyclophosphamide. AB - The authors compared both therapeutic efficacy and toxicity of two different treatment regimens: ABC = adriamycin, nitrogen mustard (BCNU) and cyclophosphamide (CTX) vs. AC = adriamycin and cyclophosphamide in ovarian cancer. Thirty-one patients were entered under treatment plan ABC and 26 under treatment plan AC simultaneously. Therapeutic evaluation was subdivided into different risk groups (adjuvant therapy, residual disease less than or greater than 2 cm). A similar result could be noted in the two different treatment regimens. Toxicity was more severe and frequent in the group treated with BCNU. The AC regimen was preferred because of its lower incidence of side-effects and for its easier mode of administration. PMID- 6535651 TI - Infection in immunosuppressed patients. AB - The infective complications were studied in a group of 30 immunosuppressed patients with proven derangement of their immune responses. Twenty-four patients had underlying neoplastic diseases and 6 patients non-neoplastic diseases. Twenty patients were under cytotoxic drugs and/or prednisolone, while 14 patients received radiotherapy either alone or in combination with chemotherapy. Seventy nine individual pathogens were identified during the 59 episodes of infections. Bacteria accounted for more than 75% of the infectious episodes. Gram-negative bacilli were the most frequently encountered pathogens specially during the attacks of pneumonia, while staphylococci (especially coagulase-negative) were the commonest isolated pathogens from blood cultures during attacks of septicaemia. Fungal infections were also not uncommon, being responsible for 25% of the infectious episodes. Candida spp. were the most commonly isolated fungi, responsible for 70% of all deep fungal infections. PMID- 6535652 TI - In vitro susceptibility of Clostridium difficile isolates to 12 antimicrobial agents. AB - The "in vitro" susceptibility of 48 strains of "Clostridium difficile" to 12 antimicrobial agents was determined by agar dilution method. All isolates were susceptible to ampicillin, metronidazole, piperacillin, vancomycin and N formimidoylthienamycin, resistant or intermediate to the new cephalosporins: cefoxitin, cefotaxime and moxalactam. For clindamycin, the MIC distribution appeared to be bimodal with 41.7% of the strains susceptible to 8 micrograms/ml and 58.3% resistant to 128 micrograms/ml; 90% of these strains were also resistant to erythromycin, tetracycline and chloramphenicol. The percentage of resistant strains in the isolates from patients with pseudomembranous colitis is significantly higher than in the isolates from patients with antibiotic associated colitis. PMID- 6535653 TI - Furosemide effect on penicillin induced convulsions. AB - Convulsions were induced in 20 cats by the administration of intravenous penicillin. Furosemide administered together and after penicillin failed to reduce the seizure activity. Penicillin brain concentrations were not reduced by furosemide. Penicillin induced seizures are not affected by furosemide. PMID- 6535654 TI - Prophylactic intravenous metronidazole in cesarean section. AB - Prophylactic chemotherapy was given to 100 patients who underwent cesarean section. Ampicillin was given to 50 patients and I.V. metronidazole to the other 50 (in a single dose of 500 mg to 20 and in 3 doses to 30 patients). The overall febrile morbidity was 20%. Metronidazole was superior in reducing febrile morbidity and wound sepsis, compared to ampicillin (P less than 0.05). This study supports the concept of prophylactic chemotherapy being beneficial to the obstetric patient. A single dose of 500 mg I.V. is satisfactory for prophylactic use in cesarean section. PMID- 6535655 TI - [Ophthalmologic manifestations disclosing pheochromocytoma: apropos of 3 cases]. PMID- 6535657 TI - [Coupling of central sectorial windows]. PMID- 6535656 TI - [Role of phospholine in the postoperative treatment of esotropia]. PMID- 6535659 TI - [A type of strabismus on the way to disappearing: strabismus with normal retinal correspondence in children from 3 to 7 years of age]. PMID- 6535658 TI - [Retinal visual direction and inversion of the projective sense]. PMID- 6535660 TI - [Technic for unrolling the flap in giant tears of the retina]. PMID- 6535661 TI - [Elements of the anatomy and physiology of the excretory lacrimal ducts]. PMID- 6535662 TI - [Fitting with artificial iris lenses in injuries of the eyeball]. PMID- 6535663 TI - [Occlusion in sectors, 1982]. PMID- 6535664 TI - [Crossed strabismus]. PMID- 6535665 TI - [Intraocular injection of sulfur hexafluoride in the surgery of noncomplicated retinal detachment]. PMID- 6535666 TI - [Papilledema following cataract operation in children]. PMID- 6535667 TI - [Combined trabeculectomy-vitrectomy operation in the treatment of glaucoma in aphakic patients. Apropos of 15 cases]. PMID- 6535668 TI - [Anterior radial keratotomy. Experimental study in the surgery of astigmatism]. PMID- 6535669 TI - [Ophthalmologic picture disclosing adrenal failure]. PMID- 6535670 TI - [Herpetic stromal keratitis: treatment with a combination of acyclovir and dexamethasone eyedrops. Apropos of 32 cases]. PMID- 6535671 TI - [A case of ocular paragonimiasis]. PMID- 6535672 TI - [Epidemiology and the clinical picture of multiple sclerosis in Asia]. PMID- 6535673 TI - [Comparative neuropathology of multiple sclerosis in Japan and the United States]. PMID- 6535675 TI - [Multiple sclerosis and related disorders]. PMID- 6535674 TI - [Concentric sclerosis--with special reference to the high incidence of this unusual demyelinating disease in the Philippines]. PMID- 6535676 TI - [Immunological parameters in multiple sclerosis]. PMID- 6535677 TI - [Pathological laughing and crying in motor neuron disease]. PMID- 6535678 TI - [Pulmonary function in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis]. PMID- 6535679 TI - [Autonomic nervous disorder in motor neuron disease]. PMID- 6535680 TI - [Oculomotor abnormalities in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis]. PMID- 6535681 TI - [Sensory disturbances in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis]. PMID- 6535682 TI - [Negative symptoms and signs of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Disturbance of micturition]. PMID- 6535683 TI - [Study of hepatic ultrastructural changes and liver function in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis]. PMID- 6535684 TI - [Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: clinical features of patients surviving for relatively long periods]. PMID- 6535685 TI - [Cystic pneumatosis of the colon. Apropos of 4 recent cases]. PMID- 6535686 TI - [Proposal for a prognostic classification of flail chest]. PMID- 6535687 TI - [Value of scintigraphy using 111-indium-labelled autologous polynuclears in the study of intra-abdominal purulent collections]. PMID- 6535688 TI - [Surgical treatment of bacterial endocarditis on native valves. 104 surgically treated cases]. PMID- 6535689 TI - [Generalized peritonitis caused by perforation of diverticular sigmoiditis]. PMID- 6535690 TI - [Peritonitis of colonic origin caused by diverticular perforation. Analysis of 33 cases]. PMID- 6535691 TI - [Generalized peritonitis of colonic origin]. PMID- 6535692 TI - [Peritonitis caused by sigmoid diverticular perforation]. PMID- 6535693 TI - How should primary health workers diagnose and treat acute respiratory infections (A R I)? PMID- 6535694 TI - Psychiatric morbidity in a general medical clinic in Nigeria. PMID- 6535695 TI - Plasma fibrinogen response after caesarian section in Nigerians. PMID- 6535696 TI - Primary ovarian sarcoma: a case report. PMID- 6535697 TI - Perinatal mortality surveys in an African teaching hospital: II. The influence of clinico-pathologic and other factors on perinatal deaths. PMID- 6535698 TI - Cerebral abscess in children at the UNTH, Enugu. PMID- 6535699 TI - Current therapeutics: prognostic value of purulent discharge from periodontal pockets of a patient with chronic periodontitis. PMID- 6535700 TI - The interactions between the drug industry and the prescribers and their effects on the quality and quantity of drugs. PMID- 6535701 TI - Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL): clinical study at Kenyatta National Hospital (KNH). PMID- 6535702 TI - The growing problem of purulent conjunctivitis in adults and its management. PMID- 6535703 TI - Seroepidemiology of hepatitis B virus in rural Tanzania: relation of hepatitis B markers and liver function tests in patients with clinical liver disease and in healthy controls. PMID- 6535704 TI - Nutritional oedema and serum albumin concentration. PMID- 6535705 TI - Factors influencing the morbidity of strangulated inguinal hernia in Ife, Nigeria. PMID- 6535706 TI - Usefulness of trephine bone marrow biopsies in the diagnosis of diseases in Nigerians. PMID- 6535707 TI - Trauma to the heart in automobile accidents. PMID- 6535708 TI - Human infection due to Chromobacterium violaceum: a report from Ilorin, Nigeria. PMID- 6535709 TI - A review of biopsies performed on children in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. PMID- 6535710 TI - Euthanasia--a personal view. PMID- 6535711 TI - Tetany during intravenous rehydration in an infant: a case report. PMID- 6535712 TI - A longitudinal study of the susceptibility to normal human serum of a Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense clone non-cyclically passaged in rats. PMID- 6535713 TI - Suggested reference values for serum total protein and fractions of African and Indian middle-class urban women and newborns. PMID- 6535714 TI - The susceptibility of some insect population in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia to DDT and malathion. PMID- 6535715 TI - Hysteria in African children as seen at Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi. PMID- 6535716 TI - Acne keloidalis. PMID- 6535717 TI - Pelvic renal ectopia: an important consideration in the differential diagnosis of ilio-pelvic masses. PMID- 6535718 TI - Practical therapeutics: psychotherapy. PMID- 6535719 TI - The craze for additional vitamin intake. PMID- 6535720 TI - Treatment of childhood malignancies in Kenya. PMID- 6535721 TI - Occurrence of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in Tanzanian coastal waters and fish. PMID- 6535722 TI - Perinatal mortality surveys in an African teaching hospital: I. The past and present statistics. PMID- 6535724 TI - A new trap for Glossina (Diptera, Glossinidae). PMID- 6535723 TI - The diagnosis, management and treatment of patent vaginal process with ventile (valvular) mechanism in Nigerian school children. PMID- 6535725 TI - Toxicological assessment of seeds from Moringa oleifera and Moringa stenopetala, two highly efficient primary coagulants for domestic water treatment of tropical raw waters. PMID- 6535726 TI - Abdominal tumours in African children: an experience at Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital (ABUTH), Zaria, Nigeria, during 1977-1983. PMID- 6535727 TI - A case of idiopathic hypoparathyroidism at Kenyatta National Hospital (K.N.H.) Nairobi. PMID- 6535728 TI - Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in an African. PMID- 6535729 TI - Practical therapeutics: treatment of complications of malaria. PMID- 6535731 TI - Strategy use, recall, and recall organization in young, middle-aged, and elderly adults. AB - The application and transfer of free recall study strategies were examined for young, middle-aged, and elderly adults. Subjects were either instructed to use clustering and imagery, instructed to use their own study strategies, or given standard free recall instructions. Subjects at all age levels showed high initial use of categorization and low initial use of imagery. Subject-reported imagery increased after training, but categorization was the only strategy associated with higher recall levels. Training produced increases in recall clustering that were apparent only on a transfer list. The results provided evidence that adult age differences in memory occur even when middle-aged and elderly adults show evidence of categorization in recall. PMID- 6535730 TI - Effects of orchiectomy on spleen cell mitogen response and on the thymus of aged mice. AB - Seven weeks after orchiectomy, 19 and 10 month old mice had mean thymic weight increases of 34 and 128%, respectively, compared to sham-operated controls. Peripheral WBC counts were greater (p less than .05) in castrates of both age groups. On a cell for cell basis, the mitogen response of castrate spleen cells was not significantly greater than controls, and in some instances was significantly less. Although individual cell function may not be augmented after castration, in vivo immune response may be potentiated due to an increase in absolute number of lymphoid cells. PMID- 6535732 TI - The link between memory performance, self-assessment, and affective status. AB - To investigate the relationship between memory performance, self-assessment of memory, and affective status, 67 elderly females were administered a self assessment memory questionnaire and multiple measures of affect and laboratory memory tet performance. Canonical correlations indicated that the memory performance scores were not related to the affective measures nor to the scales of self-assessed memory ability. Affective status and self-assessment of memory skill were related, suggesting that investigations of memory performance which rely on self-assessment should also measure affective status. PMID- 6535733 TI - Age differences in response time to verbal and symbolic traffic signs. AB - It is well established that verbal skills are maintained at a high level into old age while visuo-spatial skills begin to decline at an earlier age. it was hypothesized that the elderly would therefore respond more quickly to verbal traffic signs than to symbolic ones. In a test of this hypothesis, response times (RT's) to symbolic and verbal traffic signs were obtained from subjects in two age groups (19-29 and 65-77 years). While the elderly responded more slowly than the young subjects, they were an average of .2 seconds quicker in response to verbal traffic signs than symbolic ones. There were no differences in RT for symbolic and verbal signs for the young subjects. It is clear that the impact of traffic signs changes on the elderly deserves more attention than it is currently being given. PMID- 6535734 TI - Age differences in memory for movement. AB - Two experiments were conducted. The purpose of the first experiment was to determine whether memory deficits for movement occur with age. The 52 subjects for Experiment 1 were placed in four age groups: 18-32; 33-47; 48-62; and 63-77. Tests were administered to determine each subject's ability to encode and recall as many as 12 consecutive linear movement lists. When minimal memory requirements were imposed, there was no significant difference in the ability of the older and younger subjects to immediately recall movements. Older subjects, however, could not recall movements as well as younger subjects when greater memory demands were placed on them. Experiment 2 was conducted to determine why memory impairments occurred in older subjects. Organizational schemes were imposed on the subjects, but age differences were still apparent when greater memory requirements were essential or a larger memory capacity was demanded. PMID- 6535735 TI - Age differences in the effect of encoding congruence on incidental free and cued recall. AB - The effect of encoding congruence on incidental free and cured recall was investigated by presenting young and older adults with a list of 24 words, one from each of 24 taxonomic categories. half the subjects from each age group received a congruent orienting task, in which category questions were matched with relevant word instances; the other half from each age group received a non congruent orienting task, in which category questions were not matched with relevant instances. The age x orienting task x memory interaction indicated that the free recall performance of the young was higher following the congruent orienting, but that of the old was no different following congruent and non congruent orienting. On cued recall, both age groups performed at the same high level following congruent orienting. The young had a marginally higher level of cued recall than the old following non-congruent orienting. The implications of these findings for processing and production deficiency hypotheses of age-related memory differences were discussed. PMID- 6535736 TI - Simultaneous-successive processing across the life-span: a cross-sectional examination of stability and proficiency. AB - A cross-sectional comparison of elderly (n = 70, M = 71.55 years) and young adults (n = 157, M = 22.85) was performed employing a battery of tests sensitive to simultaneous-successive cognitive processing as described by the Luria-Das model. Factor analytic data were supportive of the basic stability and generalizability of this model over the life-span, i.e., a two-factor solution for the various cognitive tasks was obtained for both groups. Differences in the salient factor loadings across the groups are discussed, as are quantitative deficits in performance by the elderly. Covarying age and education, analyses of placement differences within the elderly sample suggested a greater deficit in simultaneous processing scores as a function of restrictiveness of placement. PMID- 6535737 TI - The structure of post-retirement adaptation for recent and longer-term women retirees. AB - A review of the literature on adjustment to retirement reveals that many investigators have studied retirees together as a group, regardless of the amount of time they have been retired. The present study questions the validity of that approach. The post-retirement adaptation of a group of 59 relatively recent (3-6 years) and 122 longer-term (7 + years) retirees was compared via canonical correlation analyses. The results showed that the structure of post-retirement adaptation differed for the two groups. The relatively recent retirees' adaptational variate emphasized satisfaction with retirement (.990) and showed weaker loadings on self-esteem (.475) and happiness (.374). Corresponding factor loadings for the longer-term retirees were -.340, .827 and .494, respectively. Thus, retirement satisfaction (or job deprivation) was a more salient aspect of the recent retirees' adaptation while longer-term adaptation was a more general phenomenon. These results suggest that the inclusion of longer-term retirees in retirement research may obscure the important correlates of adaptation to this life change. PMID- 6535738 TI - Specific formation of electron gain and loss centres in X-irradiated oriented fibres of DNA at low temperatures. PMID- 6535739 TI - [Serum levels of erythromycin after rectal administration in pediatric practice]. PMID- 6535740 TI - [Current directions in the antibiotic therapy of severe mixed infections in resuscitation]. PMID- 6535741 TI - [Models of feeding in the genesis of obesity in the 1st year of life]. PMID- 6535742 TI - [Atmospheric fungi in a hospital environment]. PMID- 6535743 TI - [Ano-rectal malformations. Experience of medico-surgical management in a second level provincial hospital]. PMID- 6535745 TI - Dexamethasone suppression test in autistic children. AB - A dexamethasone suppression test (DST) was carried out on autistic and other handicapped children to investigate the function of the hypothalamo-pituitary adrenal axis (HPA-axis). The subjects were 19 autistic children consisting of 11 relatively well-developed and eight poorly-developed children. The control groups were 26 normal volunteers, 19 patients with schizophrenia and 15 children with mental retardation (MR) or minimal brain dysfunction (MBD). The DST procedures followed the Carroll method. As a result, all of the normal volunteers and 19 schizophrenic patients showed normal response (suppressor). Nine of the 11 well developed autistic children exhibited suppressor, while all of the poorly developed children showed an abnormal response (non-suppressor). Nine of the 10 children with MR and all of the five children with MBD were suppressor. These results suggest that there might be a dysfunction in the HPA-axis of the poorly developed autistic children. PMID- 6535744 TI - Frequency of criteria-defined borderline patients among the first-visit patients at a psychiatric clinic. AB - Five trained psychiatrists evaluated 330 first-visit patients aged from 12 to 30 at a psychiatric outpatient facility using the DSM-III criteria (Axis-I and Axis II). Seven cases were diagnosed as definite Borderline Personality Disorder and six cases as definite Schizotypal Personality Disorder. Hence, we had a total of 13 criteria-defined borderline patients (3.9%). Discussions were held on some methodological problems involved in collecting information and making diagnostic judgments. PMID- 6535746 TI - Appearance of frontal midline theta rhythm and personality traits. AB - The distinct theta rhythm in the frontal midline area during a performance of mental tasks has been called Fm theta. However, Fm theta shows individual differences in its appearance. The relationship between the appearance of Fm theta and the subject personality was investigated in the present study. Forty male university students performed an arithmetic addition test for 5 min daily during three consecutive days and their EEGs were recorded during the test. They also completed the Maudsley Personality Inventory (MPI) and the Taylor Manifest Anxiety Scale (MAS) after the EEG recording on the last day. The subjects who obtained low scores on the anxiety scale of MAS, high scores on the extraversion scale of MPI and low scores on the neuroticism scale of MPI showed larger amounts of Fm theta. On the other hand, those subjects who showed high scores on the anxiety scale, low scores on the extraversion scale and high scores on the neuroticism scale showed smaller amounts of Fm theta or none. These results suggest that the appearance of Fm theta is closely related to the subject personality traits. PMID- 6535747 TI - Effects of attention on auditory evoked middle latency potentials. AB - The effects of attention on the auditory evoked middle latency potentials (MLPs) were examined in 23 normal subjects. Early positive-negative-positive-negative waves (about 8, 11, 15 and 18 msec peak latencies) and a late positive one (about 30 msec peak latency) were recorded from the unilateral mastoid-nose tip. The amplitudes of the early portions of MLPs to binaural 50 dB SL clicks during attention decreased as compared to those obtained when the subjects were not attending to the test stimuli. No significant difference was seen in the latency of any early wave. PMID- 6535748 TI - Assessment of P300 latencies for individual EEG responses employing an adaptive correlating filter. AB - Correlations between latencies of P300 components in evoked potentials and reaction times were investigated in two normal subjects. The subjects were required to perform choice reaction tasks, responding to particular tones among three tones with different frequencies. EEGs were recorded at the Pz region monopolarly. Latencies of P300 for individual EEG responses were measured employing an adaptive correlating filter. Cross-correlation coefficients between the second templates employed to identify P300s and individual responses for the subjects ranged from 0.623 to 0.997, with the mean value being 0.931. The correlation coefficient between latencies of P300 and reaction times for the subjects was 0.659. Thus, the adaptive correlating filter was proved to be useful in psychophysiological studies. PMID- 6535750 TI - Thrombolytic therapy in acute myocardial infarction. PMID- 6535751 TI - Intravenous streptokinase and oral nifedipine in evolving myocardial infarction- a pilot study. PMID- 6535749 TI - Myotonia induced by low chloride solution: intracellular studies by Cl liquid ion exchanger microelectrode. AB - By exposing the rat hemidiaphragm preparations to various low chloride solutions, it was demonstrated that myotonia can be induced when the extracellular chloride concentration was reduced below 82 mEq/L. Myotonia can be induced simply by reducing the extracellular chloride concentration without any significant reduction of RMP. The intracellular and extracellular chloride activity was measured by the liquid ion exchanger microelectrode. The control intracellular chloride activity was 10.8 mEq/L and that of myotonic specimen in a low chloride solution of 47 mEq/L was 4.4 mEq/L. Chloride conductance was closely related to the extracellular chloride concentration and myotonia was induced when gc1 was 38.3% of the control. PMID- 6535752 TI - Mitral valve replacement: experience with 623 consecutive patients. PMID- 6535753 TI - Mitral valve replacement with Bjork-Shiley valve. PMID- 6535754 TI - Left ventricular cineangiocardiographic study of segmental wall motion in mitral stenosis--an Indian study. PMID- 6535755 TI - Acute haemodynamic effects of intravenous amrinone in chronic congestive heart failure. PMID- 6535756 TI - LDH isoenzyme pattern in ischaemic heart diseases and high risk factor groups. PMID- 6535757 TI - Morphology and morphometry of the mitral valve in normal human heart. PMID- 6535758 TI - The abnormalities of the morphologically tricuspid valve in atrioventricular discordance--an autopsy study. PMID- 6535759 TI - Persistent valve of sinus venosus--a case report. PMID- 6535760 TI - Pacemaker Twiddler's syndrome. PMID- 6535761 TI - Nuclear stethoscope--cardiac probe. PMID- 6535762 TI - Serum immunoglobulins in malignancy. PMID- 6535763 TI - Disseminated Burkitt's lymphoma: a case report. PMID- 6535765 TI - XXI National Conference of Indian Academy of Pediatrics. 6th December, 1984, Bombay. Presidential address. PMID- 6535764 TI - Extragonadal endodermal sinus tumour of face. PMID- 6535766 TI - Physical growth in small for gestational age children from birth to 10 years. PMID- 6535767 TI - Utilization of neonatal health care in a community. PMID- 6535768 TI - Evaluation of frequency and dose of iron and other hematinics--an alternative strategy for anemia prophylaxis in rural preschoolers. PMID- 6535769 TI - Rickets. Unusual manifestations. PMID- 6535770 TI - Primary care of hyperpyrexia. Evaluation of a simple physical method. PMID- 6535771 TI - Hypoxia during invertography. PMID- 6535772 TI - Incontenentia pigmenti. PMID- 6535773 TI - Lymphocytic thymoma. PMID- 6535774 TI - Hypoparathyroidism. PMID- 6535775 TI - Cystic oligodendroglioma. PMID- 6535776 TI - Aplasia cutis congenita. PMID- 6535777 TI - Child rearing practice among women doctors of Tamilnadu. PMID- 6535778 TI - Ureteral replacement with ileum in transverse colon conduit. AB - A case of replacement of a damaged ureter with ileum, in a previously constructed transverse colon conduits, is reported. This is an attractive surgical alternative that deserves a place as a reconstructive procedure in the management of ureteral complications following urinary diversion. PMID- 6535779 TI - Urolithiasis in an African population. AB - Eighty-one cases of urinary tract calculi in Nigerians seen at the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria, over a period of five years are reviewed. A relative incidence of 13 per 100,000 was established. At the time of presentation, 36 stones were found in the bladder, 21 in the kidneys, 20 in the ureters, one in the prostate and 3 in the urethra. Five patients had calculi at multiple sites. There was a male to female ratio of 5 : 1. Forty-one per cent of the calculi occurred in the 31-40 year age group, and 14.8% of cases were found in children. Over 80% of the calculi were secondary to obstruction, infection and immobilization. Only 15% were idiopathic. Urinary tract stone disease is rare in the Negroid race, as confirmed by this study on Nigerians. Avenues for further studies are suggested. PMID- 6535780 TI - 31-year survival following total cystectomy and bilateral ureterosigmoidal anastomosis in a case of vesical carcinoma. AB - A patient with bladder carcinoma, subjected to cystectomy and bilateral ureterosigmoidostomy, survived for the length of 31 years. The Coffey method of anastomosis was applied in a form modified by the authors. The patient succumbed to acute circulatory insufficiency at the age of 85. Metastases were not discovered either during the observation period or at dissection. off PMID- 6535781 TI - Anterograde urethrotomy, a new method for internal urethrotomy. AB - The authors elaborated a new device permitting to perform internal urethrotomy for urethral stricture in an anterograde way, even in cases where optical retrograde urethrotomy could not be applied. The new device is similar to a bladder biopsy forceps with a diameter of Ch 5. Its cutting knife is movable. It can be used with Sachse's urethrotome, inserting it in its guide channel with closed knife and passing it through the stricture. By opening the knife, anterograde urethrotomy can be performed. Out of 145 urethrotomies, this method was utilized in only 3 cases. PMID- 6535782 TI - Metastases to the penis from renal cell carcinoma. AB - Extensive venous communication among the pelvic, lumbar, penile and left renal veins may cause metastasis to the genitalia from left renal adenocarcinoma. To prevent this, we propose that during radical nephrectomy the spermatic and, lumbar veins be ligated immediately following the ligation of the renal artery and vein. PMID- 6535783 TI - Haemoperfusion in the treatment of chronic renal failure in patients on haemodialysis. AB - The paper is concerned with materials characterizing physicochemical properties of haemosorbents of varying grades. Adsorption of different uraemic toxins was studied. The possibility of microembolization of internal organs and tissues with haemosorbent particles was explored in the course of prolonged treatment with the use of haemosorption. Different approaches to connecting the sorption column to the dialyzer were examined to disclose an optimal variant. The authors report the results of applying haemosorption in patients who had received haemodialysis therapy to prevent complications. The blood response to the prolonged haemosorption treatment was analyzed. It is recommended that long-term (6-7 hours) sessions of haemosorption might be performed using carbons having high sorption capacity. PMID- 6535785 TI - Epidemiological investigations under the method plan of operations--NMEP. PMID- 6535784 TI - Abnormalities of lipid metabolism and methods of their correction in patients with glomerulonephritis. AB - The results of integrated estimations of a complex of lipid indices are presented. Their abnormalities are considered to be atherosclerosis risk factors in the evolution of glomerulonephritis and its different variants, types and stages. The quantitative and qualitative peculiarities of the indicated abnormalities are revealed, in particular, their major expressiveness in chronic form, nephrotic variant and in the stage of renal failure. Two aspects of correction of actual abnormalities are singled out: 1. indirect, i.e. treatment of the renal pathologic process with preparation of pathogenetic therapy (glucocorticoids, indomethacin), and 2. direct, i.e. with medications exerting a corrective influence on lipid metabolism (clofibrate, nicotinic acid, curantil). The selection of corrective methods is determined by the stage of disease and by the character of the changes in lipid metabolism. PMID- 6535786 TI - A focal outbreak of malaria in Valsad district, Gujarat State. PMID- 6535787 TI - Effect of passage level in the immunization of Hissar strain albino mice with EH9 strain against Leishmania donovani. PMID- 6535788 TI - An epidemiological investigation of measles outbreak in Alwar--Rajasthan. PMID- 6535789 TI - R-plasmid mediated drug resistance to Proteus species. PMID- 6535790 TI - Cross reactions in PHA test for plague antibodies. PMID- 6535791 TI - Vertical distribution of ticks of domestic animals in Nilgiri hills (Tamil Nadu). PMID- 6535792 TI - Poliomyelitis in Alleppey town, Kerala. PMID- 6535793 TI - Hepatitis B surface antigen in South Sudan. PMID- 6535794 TI - Impact of health education on voluntary participation in anti-larval measures. PMID- 6535795 TI - Brain abscess (recent experiences). PMID- 6535796 TI - Multiple myeloma. PMID- 6535797 TI - Tietze's syndrome. PMID- 6535799 TI - Studies on combined chloramphenicol streptomycin therapy. PMID- 6535798 TI - Delayed haemothorax in chest injury. PMID- 6535800 TI - Facial paralysis in a child due to facial nerve neurilemmoma. PMID- 6535801 TI - Polymyositis. PMID- 6535802 TI - Herniation of small bowel into rectum through a spontaneous rupture of sigmoid colon. PMID- 6535803 TI - Gangrene: an unusual sequel to viperine bite. PMID- 6535804 TI - Motor aphasia: a presenting feature of acute anteroseptal infarction. PMID- 6535805 TI - Tuberculous empyema necessitatis with a rib floating in pleural cavity. PMID- 6535806 TI - Appendix duplex. PMID- 6535807 TI - Health care for all by 2000 A.D.--can India achieve the objective? PMID- 6535809 TI - Pimozide. PMID- 6535808 TI - Chloramphenicol-streptomycin combination. PMID- 6535810 TI - Clinical and immunological studies in tropical eosinophilia. PMID- 6535811 TI - Mid-trimester pregnancy termination with ethacridine lactate. PMID- 6535812 TI - Glycosylated haemoglobin as a useful index of glucoregulation in the management of diabetic pregnancy. PMID- 6535813 TI - Comparative study of clinical findings, needle biopsy with Menghini's needle and prostatography for prostatic pathology. PMID- 6535814 TI - Role of prophylactic antibiotics in clean surgical procedures. PMID- 6535815 TI - Alport's syndrome. PMID- 6535816 TI - The Oh (Bombay group) phenotype. PMID- 6535817 TI - Role of pantothenic acid in chloroquine induced skin toxicity. PMID- 6535818 TI - Epidermoid carcinoma and pathological fracture developing in a case of chronic osteomyelitis. PMID- 6535819 TI - Production and characterization of a murine monoclonal antibody recognizing a shared mycobacterial polysaccharide. AB - An IgM monoclonal antibody specific for mycobacterial arabinomannan was produced by the fusion of splenocytes from BALB/c mice immunized with purified arabinomannan with NSI/1 myeloma cells. Specificity was demonstrated by gel radioimmunoassay, and by inhibition of binding using the purified polysaccharide. The monoclonal antibody recognized the arabinomannans from all 18 species of mycobacteria tested, including Mycobacterium leprae. This antibody expands the number of defined mycobacterial antigens against which monoclonal antibodies have been produced, and has potential application in studies concerning the pathogenesis of mycobacterial disease. PMID- 6535820 TI - NADH-methemoglobin reductase and methemoglobinemia among leprosy patients. AB - The NADH-methemoglobin reductase activity as well as hemoglobin and methemoglobin levels were investigated in blood samples of 182 adult leprosy patients and 137 Brazilian army enlisted men. The level of sulfones in the blood samples of the leprosy patients, all of them ingesting a daily dose of 100 mg dapsone, was also investigated. The mean value of NADH-methemoglobin reductase activity exhibited by the leprosy patients did not differ from that observed among the healthy individuals. However, the variance of the former group was significantly higher than that observed among the healthy subjects. As a consequence, the proportion of individuals showing a partial deficiency of NADH-methemoglobin reductase was significantly higher among the leprosy patients (22.5%) than among the healthy individuals (2.9%). The activity of this enzyme among the leprosy patients was negatively correlated to the hemoglobin level and slightly positively correlated to age. The concentration of methemoglobin among the leprosy patients was slightly but significantly higher as compared to the healthy individuals. The increase of the methemoglobin level among the leprosy patients was influenced by the amount of sulfones in the blood. However, no case in which dapsone was ingested in a daily dose of 100 mg presented the signs or symptoms of toxic methemoglobinemia. PMID- 6535821 TI - Problems of urban leprosy control with special reference to case holding. AB - The prevalence of leprosy and the proportion of bacteriologically positive cases in different parts of endemic and highly dense Bombay, India, are presented. The attendance of 8574 cases is retrospectively analyzed with respect to age, sex, occupation, type of leprosy, and presence or absence of deformity. Defaulters (6090) were traced, and the reasons for nonattendance were ascertained in 22% of the cases. In those cases who could be contacted and in those who had high bacterial and morphological indexes, multidrug therapy was being given at either a clinic or, if not possible, at their homes by experienced field workers under supervision. Recommendations are made for improving urban leprosy control work in general and for case holding in particular. PMID- 6535822 TI - Leprosy among industrial workers in Bombay, India. Studies in retrospect and prospect. AB - The problem of leprosy in Greater Bombay, India, is presented. Antileprosy measures carried out in this dense, industrialized, endemic urban area are briefly described. The role of survey of various groups of people in case detection is then highlighted. A retrospective study showing the proportion of industrial workers among new, resident leprosy cases is presented. In another retrospective study, various attributes of workers, such as state of origin, source of referral, religion, regularity in attendance, deformity status, nature of occupation, etc., are studied and their significance delineated. This has resulted in undertaking a cross-sectional, prospective survey of over 18,000 industrial workers where the case detection rate turned out to be over 17 per 1000. Accordingly, arguments are advanced for recommending surveys of industrial workers in the scheme of leprosy control in endemic urban areas. A study of socio economic and cultural attributes of workers and their relatives in maintaining the endemicity is felt distinctly feasible. PMID- 6535823 TI - Effect of epicondylectomy in early ulnar neuritis treated with steroids. AB - Sixty-two ulnar nerves belonging to 44 patients with early neuritis were studied to assess the benefits offered by medial epicondylectomy and external decompression in addition to steroid therapy. The patients were randomly allocated to the surgical or the medical group. In those cases where there was bilateral involvement, surgery was carried out only on one side. All cases were assessed prior to treatment, and at predetermined intervals following treatment. This study presents the results after a 12-month follow-up. There was statistically significant improvement in both groups following treatment as assessed by improvement in motor and sensory functions and in the reduction of pain and tenderness. The study, however, failed to demonstrate any added benefit with surgical intervention as compared to steroid therapy alone in the treatment of early ulnar neuritis. PMID- 6535824 TI - ENL in histoid leprosy. PMID- 6535825 TI - A freeze-polishing method for observing intracellular structures by scanning electron microscopy. PMID- 6535826 TI - A quantitative study of freeze-fractured biological membranes using an image analyzer. PMID- 6535827 TI - Lateral diffusion of membrane particles at the early stage in IgE-mediated mast cell degranulation. PMID- 6535828 TI - Association of perichromatin granules with nuclear pores of growing Chinese hamster oocytes. PMID- 6535829 TI - Arrangement of coiled ribonucleoprotein in influenza A virus particles. PMID- 6535830 TI - Visualization of surface structure of catalase crystals by metal decoration. PMID- 6535831 TI - Albumin metabolism and nutritional status of uremic patients on a long-term very low-protein diet supplemented with essential amino acids and keto analogues. PMID- 6535832 TI - The effect of domperidone on gastric emptying in reflux esophagitis: a radioisotopic study. PMID- 6535833 TI - Circulating levels of myoglobin and muscle enzymes in acromegaly: effects of growth-hormone reduction by therapy. PMID- 6535834 TI - Evaluation of IRMA kits using monoclonal antibodies for growth hormone, prolactin and thyrotropin determinations. PMID- 6535835 TI - Immunoscintigraphy with 123I, 99mTc and 111In-labelled F(ab')2 fragments of monoclonal antibodies to a human high molecular weight-melanoma associated antigen. PMID- 6535838 TI - The Substance Abuse Problem Checklist: a new clinical aid for drug and/or alcohol treatment dependency. AB - The Substance Abuse Problem Checklist (SAPC) is a self-administered pencil and paper inventory designed specifically to facilitate the counseling of drug and/or alcohol dependent patients. The SAPC provides a cost-effective, quick means of obtaining relevant information about personal and environmental (home, work, neighborhood) problems-in-living which patients typically have when seeking/entering treatment. The orientation of the SAPC is pragmatic and reflects AA and NA's emphasis on taking a personal inventory. The SAPC offers a variety of treatment, research, and administrative uses. Initial studies indicate high reliability. PMID- 6535837 TI - The social, psychological and medical management of intoxication. AB - Intoxicated persons appear frequently in substance abuse centers and in general hospital settings. The severity of their condition ranges from mild impairment to coma or delirium. The prominent features of intoxication with the major classes of abused drugs are described. Staff responses to intoxication are discussed. Guidelines are presented for systematic management of this condition. PMID- 6535836 TI - Does the consensus mean represent a suitable reference value in T3, T4, TSH interlaboratory surveys? PMID- 6535839 TI - More respect for the neurotic process: comments on the problem of narcissism in severe psychopathology, especially the addictions. AB - In dealing with and writing about psychopathology and psychodynamics, there has been in the past 20 years an increasing shift towards stressing their closeness to the psychoses and emphasizing the archaic nature of the inner processes. With that there has developed a special regard for a "defect psychology." This change has had momentous implications for the attitude towards patients and the treatment approach. The discussions about such changes center on the concept of narcissism. The paper advocates, in contradiction to these moves, the continued use of the model of conflict theory and, hence, a consistent focus on the defenses in psychotherapy and psychoanalysis, with all that this specifically entails for the treatment and understanding of the addictions, as illustrated by four case vignettes. PMID- 6535840 TI - When women resist treatment: approaches for counselors. AB - This article focuses on the problem of treatment resistance in women. Causes are explored, including psychological and situational factors. Techniques for recognizing and reducing resistance are offered, including implications for treatment planning and program design. Counselors are given a sense of perspective that provides for both recognition of their emotional reactions to resistance, and a therapeutic approach to working through resistance. The importance of recognizing a productive relationship is emphasized, and recommendations are made to reduce counselor burnout. PMID- 6535841 TI - Therapeutic communities: a treatment alternative for many but not all. AB - Therapeutic communities (TCs) provide the most comprehensive form of drug abuse treatment and offer an established route of recovery from all forms of drug abuse. They employ 24-hour-a-day residential treatment that optimally lasts for 15 or more months. The goal of treatment is return of the client to society as a drug-free and productive member. Rehabilitation is viewed as global and involves efforts to remedy chronic social, economic, and educational deficits. Drug abuse is perceived as a disorder of the whole person, and treatment based on social learning and self-help. Clients suitable for treatment are most often chronic drug abusers with some degree of psychological dependency. Criminal involvement (unless it includes a history of violence, sexual abuse, or arson) is considered behavior that can be addressed within the TC. Suitable candidates often show signs of social dysfunction, anti-social behavior, dysfunctional family relationships, an inability to maintain interpersonal relationships, and acute or chronic dysfunction in the workplace or in mainstream academic settings. The TC is capable of treating clients with a considerable range of emotional disturbance including even profound character disorder, but frank psychiatric illness has typically been recognized as a cause for exclusion. Outcome studies show a long term success rate of more than 75% for those who complete treatment, and a maximum to moderate success rate among half of the clients who drop out. However, attempts to determine characteristics of those clients most likely to succeed have not proven very revealing. PMID- 6535842 TI - Substance abuse in Switzerland. PMID- 6535843 TI - Is there a need for "professional psychotherapy" in methadone programs? AB - The role of "professional psychotherapy" in methadone programs has been unclear because of its expense as compared to counseling, shortage of trained, experienced personnel, and confusion in the literature as to its efficacy. This research capsule reviews some recent studies pertaining to this and some of the methodological difficulties in arriving at a clear answer. Psychotherapy so far appears most helpful for patients with a defined psychiatric diagnosis in addition to their drug diagnosis. In addition, benefits appear to be greater if patients are treated early in their treatment program. PMID- 6535844 TI - The role of the toxicology laboratory in emergency medicine.II: Study of an integrated approach. AB - The utility of the toxicology laboratory in emergency medicine is directly related to both establishing communication between the toxicology laboratory and the clinical staff, and to providing reliable toxicology data while the diagnostic process is still in progress. When 604 patients, on whom a "complete toxicology screen" was requested, were evaluated using qualitative probes involving chemical spot tests, immunoassay, TLC and/or selected GC/HPLC methods, the resulting data were demonstrated to be of value. The ability of the clinician to accurately predict which, if any, of a large number of intoxicants were present in a given patient, was found to be minimal and as a result these combined tests were found to be essential in facilitating a proper diagnosis. Additionally, it was found that using only chemical spot tests, immunoassay and TLC in a combined qualitative approach detected 94-98% of all the substances eventually found within the population when it was further studied using more sophisticated instrumental methods. The integrated approach involving the initial establishment of a dialogue between the clinician and the toxicologist, use of simple qualitative analytical probes, confirmation of positive findings and prompt reporting of toxicology data is a viable way in which meaningful toxicology support can be provided while the diagnostic process is still underway. PMID- 6535845 TI - Effect of activated charcoal in 70% sorbitol in healthy individuals. AB - Activated charcoal in 70% sorbitol enjoys wide use in the management of acute poisonings but the effects of the activated charcoal-sorbitol mixture in healthy individuals have not been characterized. We were concerned about the possibility of sorbitol causing changes in the routinely monitored serum chemistry and hematological parameters, either directly due to the absorbed polyol or due to the diarrhea induced by it, thus complicating the diagnosis and management in an overdose setting. We assessed the action of a single dose of 30g of activated charcoal in 150 ml of 70% sorbitol and its effects on serum osmolality, electrolytes, metabolic profile (SMAC), magnesium, hepatic enzymes, and complete blood count in healthy adult individuals. The only significant change in the laboratory parameters tested was the consistent rise in serum sodium and phosphorus concentrations four hours after drinking the charcoal-sorbitol mixture. However, a similarly consistent rise in the concentrations at the same hours on another day without ingestion of the charcoal-sorbitol mixture suggested the rise was due to circadian rhythm or other factors unrelated to the cathartic. The lack of effect on routinely monitored laboratory parameters, relative palatability and the rapid onset (40-225 minutes), and long duration (7 to 127 hours) of purgation, make charcoal-sorbitol an attractive combination for use as a gastrointestinal decontaminant. Possible effects of multiple dose regimens and the effects in pediatric and geriatric populations need further study. PMID- 6535846 TI - Acute dapsone intoxication: a case treated with continuous infusion of methylene blue, forced diuresis and plasma exchange. AB - A case of massive dapsone poisoning (15 g) in a 26 year old man is reported. The patient exhibited high plasma dapsone concentration, marked methemoglobinemia, and signs of hemolysis. He recovered completely after intensive treatment with methylene blue, activated charcoal, forced diuresis, and plasma exchange. In order to avoid overdosage of methylene blue it is concluded that this substance should be given by continuous intravenous infusion in cases with severe methemoglobinemia. This way of administration caused a steady decrease in the methemoglobin concentration compared to intermittent administration. Plasma exchange was of minor benefit, probably due to the large distribution volume of dapsone. PMID- 6535847 TI - Chronic acetazolamide intoxication. AB - Severe acidosis associated with acetazolamide therapy is rare. We report the first case in which plasma and whole blood acetazolamide concentrations were measured. A 61 year-old patient receiving oral acetazolamide for treatment of glaucoma presented with a 7 day history of declining mental status. The patient was lethargic and oriented only to name. The respiratory rate was 36 per minute in a Kussmaul pattern with arterial blood gases revealing a pH of 7.23, pO2 68 mmHg, paCO2 14 mmHg and bicarbonate 6 mEq/L. Serum creatinine was 3.1 mg%, Cl 126 mEq/L, and anion gap 15. Urine pH was 6.0. Infection and other causes of acidosis and bicarbonate loss were excluded, and he was discharged with normal mental status and improving acid-base balance 18 days after admission. Acetazolamide concentrations four days after the last dose were 26.38 mcg/ml and 38.84 mcg/ml in serum and whole blood, respectively. The serum half-life was 34 hours, compared to a range of 1.5 to 6 hours in subjects with normal renal function. Monitoring acetazolamide concentrations may be useful in adjusting dosage and preventing toxicity in patients with decreased renal function. PMID- 6535848 TI - Subacute chlordane poisoning. AB - A 30 year old female was exposed to chlordane through careless and excessive domestic use over a 1 to 4 week period. Early symptoms included circumoral numbness, anorexia, nausea, and fatigue. Myoclonic jerks occurred after a delay of one month. Malaise and anorexia became the dominant symptoms leading to referral at six months. Dysfunctional bleeding was attributed to hepatic enzyme induction by the chlordane and increased metabolism of contraceptive medication. Cholestyramine increased the stool elimination of chlordane. PMID- 6535849 TI - Comparison of chlorpromazine, haloperidol and pimozide in the treatment of phencyclidine psychosis: DA-2 receptor specificity. AB - Three neuroleptics were used to treat phencyclidine (PCP) psychosis. These included chlorpromazine, a DA-1 and DA-2 dopamine antagonist with noradrenergic effects; haloperidol, a predominantly DA-2 antagonist with noradrenergic effects; and pimozide a predominantly DA-2 antagonist with no noradrenergic activity. Three cohorts of randomly selected young white adult males were studied. Responses to haloperidol and pimozide were statistically equivalent and both were significantly superior to chlorpromazine. These results further support the role of the DA-2 receptor in PCP psychosis and tend to rule out a noradrenergic role. The authors therefore suggest that DA-2 blockers, such as haloperidol or pimozide be employed as treatment of choice in PCP psychosis. PMID- 6535850 TI - Anticholinergic poisonings associated with commercial burdock root tea. PMID- 6535851 TI - Massive copper sulfate ingestion resulting in hepatotoxicity. AB - Intentional overdosage of copper salts is seen infrequently in the U.S., but is fairly common in other countries (1). Toxic blood levels can be seen after oral ingestion of as little as one gram of copper sulfate in an adult (2). We report a case of a patient who ingested 250 grams of copper sulfate, developed transient hepatic dysfunction, and recovered after the prompt administration of chelation therapy. PMID- 6535853 TI - Dose-independence of early, cyclophosphamide-induced lung damage in mice. AB - Administration of cyclophosphamide to mice resulted in lung damage which was assessed by measuring breathing rate and lung compliance. Above a threshold dose (approximately 50-100 mg/kg b.w.) the time of onset and severity of early, acute pulmonary dysfunction was dose-independent in the range 100-400 mg/kg. At doses up to 200 mg/kg lung damage was reversible but above this second threshold level, pulmonary fibrosis invariably developed. The severity of late damage (approximately day 40) was dose-related. These findings may help in the interpretation of clinical lung damage associated with cyclophosphamide therapy. PMID- 6535854 TI - Melatonin protects rats from injurious effects of a glucocorticoid, dexamethasone. AB - Administration of the pineal hormone melatonin (1 mg/day) to growing female rats provided significant protection against the injurious effects (decrease of body weight gain and atrophy of the thymus and adrenals) caused by a glucocorticoid, dexamethasone (0.4-0.01 mg/day). The protective effects were greater at lower doses of dexamethasone, and the adrenal/body weight ratio was well maintained. Histological examination of the thymus and adrenals confirmed both the injurious effect of dexamethasone and the protective effect of melatonin. Dexamethasone also increased glutamic pyruvic transaminase, free fatty acid, triglyceride and glucose in the serum, and melatonin significantly reduced the former two changes. It is proposed that the protection afforded by the pineal hormone melatonin against the injurious effects of dexamethasone is due to a direct anti glucocorticoid action and dose not involve any other endocrine organ. PMID- 6535852 TI - Evaluation of benefits of drug analysis in the routine clinical management of acute poisoning. PMID- 6535855 TI - Evaluation of the transplantation method of adult Brugia malayi into the jird, Meriones unguiculatus, for testing macrofilaricides. PMID- 6535856 TI - The critical monosomic segment involved in 4p- syndrome: a high-resolution banding study on five inherited cases. PMID- 6535857 TI - Distal arthrogryposis type IIB in a girl: autosomal recessive inheritance? PMID- 6535858 TI - Complex structural rearrangement of chromosomes 7, 10, 14 and 21. PMID- 6535859 TI - Usefulness of the leukocyte HLA groups in paternity confirmation and exclusion. PMID- 6535860 TI - Encapsulated epidural hematoma. PMID- 6535861 TI - [Effects of serum concentrations on toxicity of heavy metals in cell culture]. PMID- 6535862 TI - [Physiologic studies on acute methamphetamine poisoning]. PMID- 6535863 TI - Intracellular K+ activity in canine submandibular gland cells in resting and its change during stimulation. AB - Intracellular K+ activity (alpha Ki) and transmembrane potential differences were simultaneously measured with double-barreled K+ selective microelectrodes in superfused canine submandibular glands at rest and during stimulation. Also intracellular K+ and N+ concentrations in the same gland were determined by chemical analyses for comparison with the intracellular K+ activity data. The activity coefficient for intracellular K+ thus obtained was 0.67, indicating that virtually all K+ ions in the cells are in diffusible and osmotically active form. Under control conditions, measured values of the resting membrane potential (Em), alpha Ki and K+ equilibrium potential (EK) were -40.2 +/- 0.6 mV (S.E., n = 163), -88.5 +/- 1.4 mM (S.E., n = 163), -83 mV respectively. Electrochemical potential differences for K+ across the basolateral membrane (delta micro K/F) were approximately +43 mV. Acetylcholine (ACh) induced an abrupt membrane hyperpolarization followed by a temporary fall of alpha Ki. The maximum rate of alpha Ki change in the cytoplasm during stimulated conditions was -35.5 +/- 0.9 mM/min on the average (n = 10). These results suggest that the membrane permeability increases to K+ upon stimulation. Possible changes in membrane permeabilities to Na+ and Cl- were also discussed. PMID- 6535864 TI - High Ca content of pacemaker tissues in the frog heart. AB - Cation contents of various cardiac regions were determined in the isolated perfused bullfrog heart. The Ca content was much higher in the pacemaker tissues (sinus venosus and atrio-ventricular ring muscle) than in the atrial or ventricular muscles even with extracellular Ca deficiency. A possible relationship between stored Ca and spontaneous pacemaker activity is discussed. PMID- 6535865 TI - Oxygen deficit and anaerobic threshold in the incremental exercise in normoxia and hypoxia. AB - The differences between VO2 at the 5th min in steady state exercise and VO2 in incremental exercise were consecutively added from start of incremental exercise to a given time. These added values were defined as oxygen deficit. Anaerobic threshold was determined as the breakpoint of blood lactate during incremental exercise. The oxygen deficit at the anaerobic threshold in normoxia was almost identical to that in hypoxia. PMID- 6535866 TI - Effects of divalent cations on biphasic potassium contractures and on contractile inactivation in low calcium solutions in frog single twitch muscle fibers. AB - When the concentration of external Ca2+ was reduced for 30 sec in a single twitch muscle fiber of a frog, the peak tension of the initial component of biphasic 80 mM K+ contractures was potentiated, whereas that of the secondary component was markedly inhibited, despite the fact that in the early stage it was potentiated usually in case of contractures in 60 and 40 nM K+ but rarely in 80 mM K+. These changes were not observed, however, in the presence of 0.5-1 nM Mn2+, i.e., Mn2+ having been substituted for Ca2+. The foregoing result and the authors' previously reported data indicated the following. First, the concentrations of divalent cations having an equal effect in bringing about the peak tensions of both components are 3 mM Mg2+, 0.7 mM Mn2+, 0.5 mM Ni2+, and 1.8 mM Ca2+. Secondly, this sequence constitutes their increasing order of effectiveness on the time course of the secondary component. Meanwhile, a similar order was found to exist in another experiment concerning the effectiveness in inhibiting the inactivation of K contractures facilitated by lowering the concentration of external Ca2+. All these findings indicated that the divalent cations act on the activation processes of both components in a stabilizing manner, differing from the way in which they act on the inactivation process of the secondary component. The mechanisms in which the peak tensions of the initial and secondary components are inhibited in a low Ca2+ solution and the divalent cations act on both components are discussed. Finally, another experiment made in the absence and presence of Ca2+ revealed that the effect of high concentrations of Mn2+ in the initial component is different from that on the secondary component. PMID- 6535867 TI - Transcapillary protein flux following blood volume modification in dog. AB - The net fluid and protein movements between intravascular and interstitial space following blood withdrawal and retransfusion of 15% of circulating blood volume were measured in dogs using a continuous monitoring method of circulating blood volume. A significant (p less than 0.01) increase in transvascular fluid shift was observed after the start of blood withdrawal and a new equilibrium state was reached within 15 to 20 min. Associated with the fluid shift, a significant increase in plasma protein of about 1 g was observed. On the other hand, blood retransfusion caused significant (p less than 0.01) increases in the shift of fluid and protein from intravascular space to interstitial space. The magnitudes of the shift of fluid and protein were almost identical in both blood withdrawal and retransfusion. The Kedem-Katchalsky transport equation was applied to the results obtained in the present study in order to analyze the relative role of diffusion and convection and to estimate the reflection coefficient for protein. A significant (p less than 0.01) linear relationship was observed between fluid and protein movement. These results suggest that the convective process is involved in the shift of protein between intravascular and interstitial space observed after blood volume modification. PMID- 6535868 TI - [Experimental studies on transabdominal mucosal transection of the esophagus for esophageal varices, with special reference to the blood flow of the lower esophagus and cardiac portion of the stomach]. AB - For the purpose of evaluating the tissue blood flow reducing effect on lower esophagus and cardiac portion of the stomach after transabdominal mucosal transection operation for esophageal varices, 28 adult mongrel dogs were used and divided into (A) 18 as the control (B) 10 caused to have portal hypertension for present study. Closed-couple thermoelectrode flow meter was used to measure the tissue blood flow at lower esophagus and cardiac portion of the stomach following this procedures (1) ligating short gastric vessels, (2) ligating left gastric vessels, (3) transecting only the mucosal tube of the esophagus, (4) completely transecting of the esophagus. The following results were obtained. Effect on lower esophagus: transecting only the mucosal tube of the esophagus reduced 36.0 +/- 11.0% of the tissue blood flow and ligating short gastric vessels or left gastric vessels also reviewed a rather large effect. Effect on cardiac portion of the stomach: ligating the short gastric vessels reduced 2.5 +/- 3.0% of the tissue blood flow, while ligating of the left gastric vessels reduced more effectively 13.6 +/- 6.5%. PMID- 6535869 TI - [Innervation of the rat urinary bladder. I. The morphological changes of intrinsic nerves of the urinary bladder after pelvic ganglionectomy]. AB - The dual autonomic innervation of the urinary bladder of the female rat was studied using histochemical and light and electron microscopic methods. The bladder body in the normal state had a rich supply of cholinergic nerve fibers with a uniformly reticular pattern, but it was sparsely supplied with adrenergic nerves mainly associated with the blood vessels rather than the detrusor muscles. Seven days after the unilateral extirpation of the pelvic ganglion, most cholinergic and adrenergic fibers on the ipsilateral side of the bladder body disappeared markedly with the use of enzymatic and fluorescent histochemical techniques. The acetylcholinesterase activity of cholinergic fibers and the intensity of fluorescence of adrenergic fibers were somewhat restored 14 days after the operation. Seventy days postoperatively, it was found that the former had recovered in the relatively fine nerve fibers, while the latter had been almost completely restored, compared with the normal adrenergic innervation of the bladder body. PMID- 6535870 TI - [Innervation of the rat urinary bladder. II. Effects of prostaglandins on the denervated detrusor muscle after bilateral pelvic ganglionectomy]. AB - The effects of prostaglandin (PG) F2 alpha and E2 on the denervated smooth muscle of the urinary bladder in female rats were studied in vivo by histochemistry and electron microscopy. The urinary bladder denervated by bilateral removal of the pelvic ganglion was markedly distended, being filled with urine. Daily intravenous administration of PGF2 alpha or PGE2 for 6 days following the operation showed that rats receiving PGE2 urinated remarkably more than those receiving PGF2 alpha. But the ultrastructural changes on the smooth muscle cells, such as dilated tubules of rough endoplasmic reticulum and large Golgi vacuoles, were more prominent in the PGF2 alpha administrated urinary bladders than in PGE2 administrated ones. On occasion, cholinergic ganglion cells happened to be encountered in the muscular layer of a rat urinary bladder. These intramural ganglion cells and the cholinergic nerve fibers surrounding the cells displayed strong acetylcholinesterase activity, unaffected by bilateral pelvic ganglionectomy. PMID- 6535871 TI - [Comparative study on the inhibitory effect of glucagon and secretin on the gastroduodenal motility in man]. AB - Manometric study was performed to compare the inhibitory effect of glucagon and secretin on the gastroduodenal motor activity by infused catheter method. The subjects consisted of 3 healthy volunteers and 7 patients with peptic ulcer and other diseases. The following results were obtained. After the intravenous administration of glucagon (1 mg), the motor activity of the stomach and duodenum was inhibited promptly. According to statistic evaluation, the contraction numbers and motility index decreased significantly during 25 minutes compared with the basal values in both stomach and duodenum. After the administration of secretin (100 units), gastric motor activity was markedly inhibited, although duodenal motility increased during 10 minutes due to the initiation of secretin induced migrating motor complex. The contraction numbers and motility index in stomach decreased significantly during 20 minutes after the administration. The inhibitory effect of glucagon was more remarkable in duodenum than in stomach. On the other hand, secretin was more effective in stomach than in duodenum. PMID- 6535872 TI - [Congenital familial external ophthalmoplegia]. PMID- 6535873 TI - [Suggestions for uniform criteria in the therapy of strabismus]. PMID- 6535874 TI - [A case of post-traumatic paralytic convergent strabismus treated surgically with subsequent return of binocular vision]. PMID- 6535875 TI - [Comparative evaluation of various cycloplegics in the diagnosis of refractive errors in children]. PMID- 6535876 TI - [Usefulness of 1,0% Tropicamide (Polfa) in testing ocular refraction in children]. PMID- 6535877 TI - [The function of the visual system after cataract extraction in children]. PMID- 6535878 TI - [Experimental studies on the histochemical changes in the cornea subjected to indirect irradiation with radioactive cobalt]. PMID- 6535879 TI - [Acute ischemic optic neuropathy. I. Etiopathogenesis]. PMID- 6535880 TI - [Acute ischemic optic neuropathy. II. Clinical aspects]. PMID- 6535881 TI - [Our experience with the treatment of ocular changes in Sjogren's syndrome]. PMID- 6535882 TI - [Usefulness of soft contact lenses in patients with the symptoms of xerophthalmia]. PMID- 6535883 TI - [Results of cryotherapy in vitreous body opacities in uveitis]. PMID- 6535884 TI - [Ocular changes in chlorpromazine-induced melanosis]. PMID- 6535885 TI - [A case of Rieger's syndrome]. PMID- 6535887 TI - [Stereo-ophthalmoscope model 110 of VEB Carl Zeiss Jena adapted for stereophotography]. PMID- 6535886 TI - [Value of the study of visual manual localization for the purpose of applied ergonomics]. PMID- 6535888 TI - Comparative endoscopic studies on gastric cancer in Japan and Korea. PMID- 6535889 TI - [Use of acupuncture in the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea]. AB - Acupuncture was applied in the treatment of 32 patients with primary dysmenorrhea. Different acupuncture points on several channels were stimulated, depending on shi or xu types. The therapy proceeded in sessions for three consecutive days before the expected menstruation, in the course of three consecutive cycles. A relief of dysmenorrheic pain was already evidenced after the first menstruation. One year after the completed therapy there was a full disappearance of dysmenorrheic pain in 93% and a partial one in 7% of cases. PMID- 6535890 TI - [Changes in steroid receptors during histopathologic transformation of tissue in the human uterus]. AB - Estrogen (ER) and progesterone receptors (PR) were analyzed in the cytosol and nuclei prepared from specimens of human uterine tissue of patients with certain disorders identified as hyperplasia endometrii adenomatosa, myoma uteri per magnum, adenocarcinoma endometrii and adenocarcinoma corporis uteri. These investigations have revealed a different level of ER and PR in analyzed tissue specimens, as well as the existence of a relationship between changes in receptor levels and respective Kd. These changes suggest a correlation between steroid receptor levels and the type of tissue transformation. The functionality of the receptors was analyzed by the ultracentrifugation of non-activated and activated steroid-receptor complexes in sucrose density gradients, as well as by the investigation of their interaction with isolated nuclei. These results indicate that some changes in steroid receptor molecules can be detected when the tissue turns from normal to malignant transformation. On the basis of this investigation it could be proposed that the analysis of activated and non-activated steroid receptor complexes by means of the methods used in this study can be applied as a useful clinical tool in the determination of the endocrine dependence of transformed tissues, as well as for the optimum dosing of individual treatment of patients with uterine and other tissue carcinoma. PMID- 6535892 TI - [A structural approach to the evaluation of the quality of contraception services]. AB - The quality assessment of the contraceptive service in Belgrade in 1983 was conducted by a structural approach (investigation of the knowledge and attitudes of service providers and the availability of contraceptives). The summaries of the cited publications were used as the standard of knowledge and attitudes. A sample of 42 gynaecologists (16.6% of the total Belgrade population of gynaecologists) was investigated using a mailed questionnaire. Compared with the chosen standard:--two fields of knowledge about combined oral contraceptives (OC) appeared unknown to about 70% of the sample (OC protective effects and effects of previous OC use on the outcome of subsequent pregnancy);--knowledge of IUD as a risk factor in pelvic inflammatory disease is lacking in 33.3% of the sample;- attitudes regarding other contraceptive methods are in accord in about 60% of the investigated sample. Besides, the unavailability of contraceptives is recorded. Methodological shortcomings and a possible positive result of the study are discussed. PMID- 6535891 TI - [Actinomyces-like organisms in users of intrauterine contraception]. AB - Actinomyces-like organisms (ALO) were found in 6.9% of cervical smears in 2133 IUD users. The chance of having co-infection with Trichomonas vaginalis was 2.7 times higher in women with ALO than in ALO negative women. The proportion of IUD users with ALO in cervical smears increased with the duration of the IUD use. A total of 108 IUD users with ALO were compared with the same number of IUD users without ALO in cervical smears. The women in the two groups were matched for the duration of the IUD use. During the IUD use the women with ALO had PID and vaginitis significantly more frequently than ALO negative women. No difference was found regarding the type of the IUD used in women with ALO in cervical smears compared to controls. PMID- 6535894 TI - [Radiologic diagnosis of unilateral sacroiliitis]. PMID- 6535893 TI - [Determination of alpha acid glycoprotein in normal and pathologic pregnancy]. AB - By the immunochemical method the authors determined alpha 1 acid glycoprotein in 20 pregnant women with normal pregnancy and 60 pregnant women with diabetes mellitus, EPH gestosis, and imminent abortion. In women with normal pregnancy no statistically significant changes between individual trimesters were recorded. Pregnant women with diabetes mellitus showed a statistically significant increase in all three trimesters, those with EPH gestosis in the first and the second trimester, and those with imminent abortion only in the first trimester. In the authors' opinion, the test could be a useful parameter in following up pathologic pregnancies. PMID- 6535895 TI - [Value of prophylactic antibiotic therapy in cesarean section]. PMID- 6535896 TI - [Epidemiologic approach to cancer of the nasopharynx in Morocco]. PMID- 6535897 TI - [Clinical and paraclinical aspects of patent ductus arteriosus]. PMID- 6535898 TI - [Lead poisoning. Apropos of cases observed in the village of Oued El Heimer and its surrounding area (Province of Oujda)]. PMID- 6535899 TI - [Epidemiologic aspects of mental deficiency in children. Experience of the Children's Hospital of Rabat]. PMID- 6535900 TI - [Spontaneous cervical epidural hematoma (etiologic considerations)]. PMID- 6535901 TI - [Primary corticosteroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome in pediatrics]. PMID- 6535902 TI - [Carcinoma of the prostatic utricle treated with medroxyprogesterone]. PMID- 6535903 TI - [Incidence of malignant tumors in childhood in La Plata (1977-1981) and its comparison with other countries]. PMID- 6535904 TI - [Adipose tissue metabolism in the menopause]. PMID- 6535905 TI - [Effects of acute and chronic hypoxia on the electrocardiogram of rats]. PMID- 6535906 TI - [Effect of a loop diuretic, piretanide, in severe cardiac insufficiency]. PMID- 6535907 TI - [Myocardial infarction and Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. Usefulness of the ajmaline test]. PMID- 6535908 TI - [Toxoplasma meningoencephalitis]. PMID- 6535909 TI - [Annular erythema in systemic lupus erythematosus]. PMID- 6535910 TI - [Hyperproduction of human chorionic gonadotropins and generalized metastatic disease]. PMID- 6535911 TI - An outbreak of multiply resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Buenos Aires. Clinical observations and plasmid pattern analysis. PMID- 6535912 TI - [Renal tubular acidification. Physiopathological models]. PMID- 6535913 TI - Competitive interactions between species of freshwater snails. I. Laboratory studies: Ib. Comparative studies of the dispersal and the vagility capabilities of Biomphalaria glabrata and Biomphalaria straminea. AB - Experiments reported in the current paper, carried out under semi-field conditions created in the laboratory, have shown that B. straminea has competitive superiority when compared with B. glabrata. The former species has shown higher capabilities of both dispersal and vagility. In addition, B. straminea was able to compete successfully with B. glabrata. PMID- 6535914 TI - Influenza surveillance in Rio de Janeiro between 1980-1981: a virological and serological study. AB - Laboratory surveillance of Influenza has shown a low virus activity in Rio de Janeiro during 1980 and 1981. A few influenza A (H3N2) viruses were isolated in both years during the winter months. Serological investigations showed that this subtype has circulated mostly among children under 10 years of age. No H1N1 virus was isolated but an increase in the proportion of adults with antibody to this virus was noted in sera collected in 1981. Influenza B virus was isolated from children in the spring of 1981 and again an increase was noted in the proportion of adults with antibody to this virus. PMID- 6535915 TI - Study of an outbreak of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Venezuela. The role of domestic animals. AB - During an outbreak of cutaneous leishmaniasis in a locality (Las Rosas, Cojedes State, Venezuela) previously non-endemic, 12.9% of humans, 7% of dogs and 21.4% of donkeys (Equus asinus) had lesions with parasites. The agent in the three hosts was identified as Leishmania braziliensis, subspecies braziliensis at least in man and donkey. The probable vector was Lutzomyia panamensis. No infection was found in a small sample of wild mammals examined. The outbreak was apparently linked with the importation of donkeys with ulcers, from endemic areas. The authors call attention to the fact that not only in the foci of "uta", but also in areas of the other forms of American cutaneous leishmaniasis, dogs are frequently found infected. They emphasize the necessity of searching for the infection in donkeys and of performing hemocultures and xenodiagnosis with sandflies in human, canine and equine cases, to verify their possible role as sources of infection, and not merely as dead ends in the epidemiological chain of the disease. PMID- 6535916 TI - [Ecological aspects of phlebotomus of the Parque Nacional da Serra dos Orgaos, Rio de Janeiro. I. Monthly frequency in human baits (Diptera, Psychodidae, Phlebotominae)]. AB - During two full years--from October 1980 to September 1982--we captured sandflies in the National Park of Serra dos Orgaos, State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The captures, with human bait, were carried out weekly, each with a duration of two hours, and at three different times (6 to 8 a.m., 5 to 7 a.m. and 7:30 to 9:30 p.m.). In every capture, we recorded the phase of the moon and, at each hour, the temperature, relative humidity, wind and rain. In 586 hours 4,834 sandflies of ten species were captured, all belonging to genus Lutzomyia Franca, 1924. L. ayrozai and L. hirsuta represented 92% of the total species captured. However, they were dominant at different times, the former being more frequent in the warm and wet months, and considerably declining in the cold and dry months, in which the latter gradually prevailed. L. fischeri and L. shannoni were shown to be the most resistant to unfavourable weather conditions. Whenever there was any rain or wind, they were, in general, the only species captured. With regard to lunar cycle, we observed that new moon was the most favourable phase for the capture of sandflies and full moon the one with the smallest yield, except for L. shannoni which occurred more frequently during this period. PMID- 6535917 TI - [Ectoparasites of rodents of the urban region of Belo Horizonte, MG. I. Interaction between ectoparasites and hosts]. AB - A rodent ectoparasite survey was made in the city of Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil, from June 1980 to September 1982. The species of ectoparasites captured from 950 Rattus norvegicus norvegicus were: Xenopsylla cheopis, Ctenocephalides felis felis, Polyplax spinulosa, Laelaps nuttalli, Echinolaelaps echidninus and Atricholaelaps glasgowi, the last species only represented by three specimens interchanged with wild rodent. P. spinulosa and L. nuttalli, although cosmopolitan, are recorded for the first time in State of Minas Gerais. The sex ratio of the ectoparasites, as well as the prevalence of fleas, mites and lice on the separate sexes of rodents are presented. 66.9% of the rats were infested by mites, almost twice more than infestations by fleas and louse jointly (39%). L. nuttalli was found in great numbers and presented the highest index of infestation: 55.1%. Single infestations are as common as associated ones. P. spinulosa, contrary to L. nuttalli, rarely occurs in single infestation. Data on the distribution of the ectoparasites on the rodents are also reported. The infestation observed in Belo Horizonte is confronted with those obtained by other authors in different places. PMID- 6535918 TI - [Anti-HBs antibodies from rabbits and their use as reagents for serological tests in the diagnosis of hepatitis B]. AB - By the method of affinity chromatography a partially purified antigen was obtained after passing the plasma of an asymptomatic carrier of HBsAg through a column of Sepharose 4B linked to angi-HBs. This antigen was inoculated in rabbits using a schedule of 1,0 mg in the first dose and 4 other doses of 0,5 mg with intervals of approximately 15 days. Observing that blood samples collected after the 5th inoculation showed no change in antibody levels, the animals were bled on the 62th day and these immune sera were standardized with the following tests for the detection of HBsAg: Reverse passive hemagglutination (R-PHA) - using specific gamma globulin that was obtained from rabbit sera by affinity chromatography and reaching an optimal concentration of 10 micrograms/ml to sensitise SRBC at 5% fixed in glutaraldehyde. Counter immuno electrophoresis (CIEP) - using the rabbit immune sera diluted to 1/20 as a reagent for the detection of HBsAg. The immune sera was also used to conjugate new Sepharose 4B for affinity chromatography and was found having a linking capacity of approximately 0,5 to 1,0 mg of HBsAg per ml of Sepharose after complete saturation. PMID- 6535920 TI - Leishmania infections in Lutzomyia longipalpis (Diptera:Psychodidae) on the island of Sao Luis, Maranhao State, Brazil. AB - Dissection of Lutzomyia longipalpis, captured in the Sao Luis focus of visceral Leishmaniasis revealed a 1.8% promastigote infection rate. PMID- 6535919 TI - [Role of eosinophils in the destruction of schistosomula of Schistosoma mansoni in vivo (preliminary report)]. AB - Schistosoma mansoni cercariae mechanically transformed into schistosomula were injected, either dead or alive, into the tail vein (2.000 larvae/0,15 ml) of Balb/c mice which were either previously infected with S. mansoni (10 weeks/50 cercariae) or non-infected. Histological examination of the lungs 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours after injection revealed that inflammatory reaction around schistosomula occurred only in the groups injected with dead schistosomula (killed by freezing and thawing). In non-infected animals the reaction was predominantly macrophagic while in those infected many eosinophils appeared around the dead larvae. These results are at variance with those obtained in vitro and suggest that in vivo the participation of eosinophils in the schistosomulum induced reaction in sensitized animals is secondary to the death of the larvae. PMID- 6535921 TI - [Biomphalaria glabrata in the state of Piaui]. AB - The occurrence of Biomphalaria glabrata is recorded for the first time in the state of Piaui, where it was collected from several breeding places in the city of Parnaiba. Examination of 694 specimens showed that a part of them were infected with trematodes other than Schistosomatidae. So far no autochthonous cases of schistosomiasis have been identified in the city. The presence of B. glabrata in Parnaiba extends by 20 km eastward its range on the Northern Coastal Region of the Great Northeastern Region of Brazil, where it had been found as far as Araioses, on the eastern extreme of the state of Maranhao. PMID- 6535922 TI - [New foci of transmission of Schistosoma mansoni in the state of Para]. AB - Two new foci of transmission of Schistosoma mansoni in the state of Para are recorded, with the finding of naturally infected Biomphalaria glabrata in the municipalities of Viseu and Belem. Uninfected specimens of Biomphalaria straminea, as well as the planorbid species Biomphalaria schrammi, Drepanotrema lucidum and D. anatinum, were found in the same area. PMID- 6535923 TI - [Pentastomiasis in rodents of Bahia, identification of Porocephalus larvares]. AB - This note criticizes a misidentification of pentastomid nymphs identified as Armillifer moniliformis, found in a wild rodent, Zygodontomys pixuna from Bahia State. It is demonstrated that these nymphs belong to Porocephalus, probably P. crotali (Humboldt, 1808). PMID- 6535924 TI - [Natural infection of Lutzomyia intermedia Lutz & Neiva, 1912, in an endemic area of visceral leishmaniasis of Rio de Janeiro]. AB - In a focus of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Jacarepagua, Rio de Janeiro, one specimen of Lutzomyia intermedia was found naturally infected with Leishmania braziliensis. PMID- 6535925 TI - Effect of oral bacteria on the in vitro growth of Mycoplasma orale. PMID- 6535926 TI - [New trends in the design of antiviral agents]. PMID- 6535927 TI - [Biomedical, ethical and legal aspects of the various modern possibilities of motherhood]. PMID- 6535928 TI - [The medullary arteries--functional or nutritive blood vessels of the adrenal gland?]. PMID- 6535929 TI - [Results of screening aimed at the early detection of malignant neoplasms of the uterus using a questionnaire]. PMID- 6535930 TI - [The complement in various clinical forms of glomerulonephritis (role, pathophysiology and pathogenic mechanisms)]. PMID- 6535931 TI - [Morphologic bases in the development of stress manifestations in the adrenal cortex]. PMID- 6535932 TI - [Blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier in acute viral meningitis with elevated cerebrospinal fluid protein levels]. PMID- 6535933 TI - [Inferior meatotomy in diseases of the maxillary sinuses]. PMID- 6535934 TI - [Case report of cystic degeneration of toxic adenoma of the thyroid]. PMID- 6535935 TI - [A case of chaotic ventricular tachycardia--torsade de pointes]. PMID- 6535936 TI - [A case of mucoviscidosis treated at the pediatric department in Zrenjanin]. PMID- 6535937 TI - [A case of conservatively treated cervical pregnancy]. PMID- 6535938 TI - [Surgical procedures and multiple sclerosis--case report]. PMID- 6535939 TI - [Complex injuries of the face with special emphasis on the fronto-ethmoidal area]. PMID- 6535940 TI - [Preventive anticoagulant therapy in abdominal hysterectomy]. PMID- 6535941 TI - [Prevention of its development and treatment possibilities in diabetic retinopathy]. PMID- 6535942 TI - [Possibility of psychogenesis in metabolic disorders]. PMID- 6535943 TI - [Syncope in children]. PMID- 6535944 TI - Changes in the circadian rhythm of serum thyrotropin in aged subjects. PMID- 6535945 TI - [Fetal macrosomia: evidence for increased association with maternal metabolic changes]. PMID- 6535946 TI - [Retrospective evaluation of the reliability and practical effectiveness of a service for growth analysis in the future. Considerations on the results of two years' activity of the Theoretical Growth Evaluation system]. PMID- 6535947 TI - [Aldosteronoma with noticeable lymphocytic infiltration, a new isotype?]. PMID- 6535948 TI - [Cancer of the large intestine as a complication of ulcerative colitis]. PMID- 6535949 TI - [Histological and ultrastructural studies of the mucosa of the large intestine in patients with ulcerative colitis]. PMID- 6535950 TI - [Idiopathic ulcerative colitis and chronic catarrhal colitis in the light of immunomorphological studies]. PMID- 6535951 TI - [Morphological analysis of an atypical cytological picture in clear-cell carcinoma of the kidney]. PMID- 6535952 TI - [Morphological and ultrastructural indicators of early cardiotoxicity in rats after the administration of rubidomycin and its derivatives]. PMID- 6535953 TI - [Histological and ultrastructural studies of mononuclear phagocytes of the aortic intima in rats at the early stage of experimental arteriosclerosis]. PMID- 6535954 TI - [Effect of the administration of thyroxine and estradiol on the morphology of the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland]. PMID- 6535955 TI - [N-Acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase deficiency in the neutrophils and lymphocytes of patients with psoriasis]. PMID- 6535956 TI - Investigation of the presence of intercellular canaliculi in human and rat eccrine sweat glands. PMID- 6535957 TI - [Changes in eosinophil ultrastructure in Loffler's cardiomyopathy]. PMID- 6535959 TI - [Pediatrics yesterday, today and tomorrow--developmental medicine]. PMID- 6535958 TI - [Ormond's disease (idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis)]. PMID- 6535960 TI - [Advances in the diagnosis and treatment of phenylketonuria]. PMID- 6535961 TI - [Results of the treatment of children with galactosemia]. PMID- 6535962 TI - [Prenatal diagnosis in genetic counseling in the light of our experience]. PMID- 6535963 TI - [Pharmacokinetics of drugs in the growing child]. PMID- 6535964 TI - [Recommended protein intake by children and the biological value of dietary proteins]. PMID- 6535965 TI - [Idiopathic precocious puberty]. PMID- 6535966 TI - [Family health--an urgent social demand]. PMID- 6535967 TI - [Parental attitudes and the educational needs of children with cancer]. PMID- 6535968 TI - [Preparation of pediatricians for the care of families with genetic risk- evaluation study]. PMID- 6535969 TI - [Correlation between the C3 fraction of complement and magnesium levels in the erythrocytes and blood serum of patients with juvenile-onset diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 6535970 TI - [Pharmacodynamic reactivity of the growing body]. PMID- 6535972 TI - [Bacterial meningitis with initially clear CSF]. AB - 16 bacterial meningitis on 150 observations of purulent meningitis have clear or normal CSM at the initial lumbar puncture. Neisseria meningitidis is the principal germ and there is often purpura and moderate shock. Bacteremia is present in three of the six observations with normal CSF. CSF in controlled a second time 9 to 48 h after the first control. In 14 cases CSF is purulent. Treatment is delayed in eight cases. PMID- 6535971 TI - [Cysteamine in the treatment of cystinosis in children. In vitro and in vivo studies]. AB - The effect of cysteamine was studied in 6 children with nephropathic cystinosis. In 3 of them an in vitro study on fibroblasts was performed. The cystine content of fibroblasts was immediately diminished (about 90% of total cystine content) as soon as the concentration of cysteamine in the medium was greater than or equal to 0,1 mmole/l. In vivo, 50 to 89 mg/kg/day of cysteamine was administered for 9 to 37 months (mean 21,3). There was no adverse reaction. In all cases a dramatic decline in leukocyte cystine level was observed (in 5 cases the level was within the range seen in clinically unaffected heterozygotes). Growth was not improved. The renal function was stabilised in 3 cases. Photophobia which was present in 4 children decreased in 2 cases or disappeared in 2 cases. PMID- 6535973 TI - [Medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency. Apropos of a case with demonstration of this enzyme deficiency]. AB - The medium chain acyl-CoA deshydrogenase defect: a new inherited metabolic disorder. This enzymatic defect blocks the catabolism of non esterified fatty acids during fasting. Thus, this disease is revealed by a coma due to hypoglycemia in a young child; the presence of dicarboxylic aciduria in such a situation is the main evidence for this diagnosis. Finally, the enzymatic studies performed on skin fibroblasts show a defect in medium chain acyl-CoA deshydrogenase. When a child is investigated away from a coma episode, the ketotic diet induces dicarboxylic aciduria but must be performed in an intensive care unit for its dangers. PMID- 6535975 TI - The effect of feature displacement on face recognition. AB - Human beings possess a remarkable ability to recognise familiar faces quickly and without apparent effort. In spite of this facility, the mechanisms of visual recognition remain tantalizingly obscure. An experiment is reported in which image processing equipment was used to displace slightly the features of a set of original facial images to form groups of modified images. Observers were then required to indicate whether they were being shown the "original" or a "modified" face, when shown one face at a time on a TV monitor screen. Memory reinforcement was provided by displaying the original face at another screen position, between presentations. The data show, inter alia, the very high significance of the vertical positioning of the mouth, followed by eyes, and then the nose, as well as high sensitivity to close-set eyes, coupled with marked insensitivity to wide set eyes. Implications of the results for the use of recognition aids such as Identikit and Photofit are briefly discussed. PMID- 6535974 TI - [Glomerulonephritis and blindness. Apropos of 3 cases]. AB - Blindness is a rare complication of acute glomerulonephritis. During three years (1980-82) 32 cases of acute glomerulonephritis are admitted in a Pediatric Department. Five children had neurologic complications among whom three developed complete, bilateral and transient blindness. In all cases blindness is associated with hypertension and intracranial pressure. The mechanism suggested in this kind of amaurosis is cerebral oedema, and the adequate treatment of this oedema permit a complete recovery of the vision. PMID- 6535976 TI - Brightness matching, brightness cancellation, and increment threshold in the Ehrenstein illusion. AB - Matching and cancellation techniques were used to measure the relative strength of the Ehrenstein illusion in dark figures on a light background (negative contrast) and light figures on a dark background (positive contrast). Brightness enhancement on the former was shown to be maximally 0.28 log unit (relative to the detection threshold), and darkness enhancement on the latter 0.43 log unit. Values differed little with figure-ground contrast (down to a minimum of +/- 0.5), but decreased with decreasing level of illumination. The luminance increment (decrement) needed to match the illusory brightness (darkness) was similar in size to the luminance decrement (increment) needed to cancel the illusion. The increment threshold for a small test flash measured in three locations relative to the subjective contour delineating the illusion did not differ systematically. The results are compatible with a neurophysiological explanation of the Ehrenstein illusion in terms of line-induced lateral interaction in hypercomplex receptive fields. PMID- 6535977 TI - A psychophysical study of the Fuchs phenomenon. AB - The Fuchs phenomenon (ie the perception of transparency when the object seen through transparency lies on a homogeneous background, and does not jut out from under the transparent layer) has been studied by the numerical-rating method in two experiments, with the use of achromatic colours. The results of the first experiment show that the degree of transparency depends on the difference in colour between the object and the background. The results of the second experiment suggest that the processes producing the phenomenon are different in nature from the processes producing the kind of transparency most frequently studied in which the object juts out from under the transparent layer. PMID- 6535978 TI - Flicker masking of spatial-frequency-dependent visible persistence and specific reading disability. AB - The effect of 6 Hz uniform-field flicker masking of visible persistence at a range of spatial frequencies was investigated in 12-year-old children with specific reading disabilities and a control group of average readers. This reduced differences in visible persistence between the two groups. The results suggest that children with specific reading disabilities experience a deficit in their transient system. PMID- 6535979 TI - Independent processing of visual form and motion. AB - Rotating or stationary targets were presented simultaneously with a random-dot mask which was itself either rotating or stationary. Observers were required to judge both the form of the target and its motion; these target attributes were manipulated orthogonally in the experiment. The results support the hypothesis that under these conditions figural information is encoded independently from motion information. On a trial-by-trial basis within conditions of target and mask motion combinations, performance in the two tasks was independent. Across conditions, different effects were observed in the two dependent measures. Form judgments were generally more accurate for rotating than for stationary targets, particularly when the mask was stationary. Motion judgments showed frequent intrusions from the motion of the mask, so that most errors occurred when target and mask were dissimilar in terms of their motion. The results show differential interference of the random-dot mask on the encoding of the two independent stimulus attributes, and support the possibility of separate processing of figural and motion information. PMID- 6535980 TI - A new random-dot stereo illusion and its application to the Anstis-Howard-Rogers effect. AB - When the dynamic visual noise of an untuned television set is viewed with image defocusing (positive lenses) and with a narrow vertical obstruction partially blocking the pupil of one eye, the video 'snow' seems to separate into two stable surfaces at different depths, divided by a vertical discontinuity. The main features of this illusion can be quantitatively accounted for in terms of the optics of defocused images and the retinal disparities predicted from blur circles. A residual component of the illusion, however, which was perceived by a majority of subjects, cannot be readily explained by geometrical optics; it apparently reflects a more subtle aspect in the processing of visual images, corresponding to the Anstis-Howard-Rogers stereo-effect, in which local depth configurations can bias global stereopsis. Several novel aspects of that effect are described, based on use of this obstructed-pupil illusion as the evoking stimulus. PMID- 6535981 TI - Binocular cues in the perception of distance of a point source of light. AB - The ability to make egocentric distance estimates of a single point source of light, seen in darkness and without the cues of changing size and luminance, was investigated in sixteen observers. The attenuation required to maintain constant luminance, when the target was viewed from different distances, was shown to follow the inverse square law providing the angle subtended by the light was less than 20 s arc. Distance changes were also simulated by means of a split mirror which produced vergence cues, or by test lenses to provide accommodation cues. Over the range 0.5 to 9.2 m distance estimates were surprisingly accurate, although there was some overestimation of near and underestimation of far distances. Most observers made good judgements when only convergence cues were varied, whereas no observers made consistently good judgements when only accommodation cues were varied. The difficulties are discussed in terms of the accommodation-convergence link. When distance was simulated by changing convergence and accommodation cues, estimates were not as good as when real distance was changed. Since good estimates were made with brief target exposures, these judgements were not based on subsequent convergence or accommodation changes. It is suggested that the metric or reference against which the apparently absolute judgements were made was the efferent demand signal associated with a 'resting' position of convergence in darkness. PMID- 6535982 TI - Strategy choices by young Braille readers. AB - The hypotheses that in Braille learning coding strategies change with reading level, and coding differs between normal and retarded readers were tested with oddity judgments by blind children. Experiment 1 showed that strategy choices varied with reading level only in association with mental age. By contrast, shape neglect and preference for phonological strategies were shown by retarded readers rather than by matched normal readers. Experiment 2 showed that under instructions to use given coding strategies the retarded were as accurate as normal readers. Accuracy for all forms of coding increased with reading level, but coding word shape was significantly less accurate than other forms of coding, and even correct coding of shape was no faster than semantic or phonological coding. It is concluded that coding the shape of Braille words is unlikely to be a major factor in producing faster Braille reading, and retarded Braille readers differ from normal readers in their spontaneous choice of strategy rather than in the ability to use the relevant codes. PMID- 6535983 TI - Acuity of sound localisation: a topography of auditory space. I. Normal hearing conditions. AB - Eight subjects were required to localise a sound source (white noise through a speaker) which varied in position on both sides of the head over a range of elevations (-40 degrees to +40 degrees) and azimuths (0 degree to 180 degrees) at 10 degrees intervals. The perceived position of the source was indicated by pointing a special gun. Depression of the trigger activated a photographic system which recorded two views of the subject, the sound source, and the gun. The absolute and algebraic, azimuth and elevation errors were measured for all subjects at each position of the source. The variability of azimuth and elevation error was also computed. In a second experiment, four of the same subjects performed the same task but in this case visually located the sources. This experiment provided an estimate of inherent motor error in the pointing task. No differences in localisation acuity between sides were found, but there were significant differences between front and back regions. Azimuth and elevation error were well matched and low in the front. However, azimuth error increased in the regions behind the head, particularly for azimuth positions 120 degrees to 160 degrees. Larger increases were found for positions in the upper elevations of this region. Elevation error also increased in the upper elevations behind the head. A comparison of the auditory and visual data indicates that this pattern of error is not due to motor factors. The results are discussed in relation to the structural characteristics of the pinnae and modifications that they impose on incoming sound energy. PMID- 6535984 TI - Acuity of sound localisation: a topography of auditory space. II. Pinna cues absent. AB - The acuity of azimuth and elevation discrimination was measured under conditions in which the cues to localisation provided by the pinnae were removed. Four subjects localised a sound source (white noise through a speaker) which varied in position over a range of elevations (-40 degrees to +40 degrees) and azimuths (0 degree to 180 degrees), at 10 degrees intervals, on the left side of the head. Pinna cues were removed by the insertion of individually cast moulds in both pinnae. Each mould had an access hole to the auditory canal. The absolute and algebraic, azimuth and elevation errors were measured for all subjects at each position of the source. The variability of azimuth and elevation error was also computed. The performance of the subjects was compared to their performance under normal hearing conditions. Insertion of the pinnae moulds was found to increase substantially elevation error and the number of front/back reversals. The importance of the cues provided by the pinnae in these discriminations was thus confirmed. However, the increase in elevation error did not result in a corresponding increase in azimuth error. These findings provide support for the proposition that azimuth and elevation discrimination are coded independently. PMID- 6535985 TI - Detection versus discrimination of visual orientation. AB - The role of focused attention in vision is examined. Recent theories of attention hypothesize that serial search by focal attention is required for discrimination between different combinations of features. Experiments are reported which show that the mixture of a few (less than five) horizontal and vertical line segments embedded in an aggregate of diagonal line segments can be rapidly counted (also called 'subitizing') by a parallel (preattentive) process, while the discrimination between horizontal and vertical orientation requires serial search by shifting focal attention to each line segment. Thus detecting and counting targets that differ in orientation can be done in parallel by a preattentive process, whereas knowing 'what' the orientation of a target is (horizontal or vertical, ie of a single conspicuous feature) requires a serial search by focal attention. PMID- 6535986 TI - Why the islands move. AB - Micronesian navigators routinely make voyages across large expanses of open ocean. To do this, a navigator must judge both the direction in which he is sailing and the distance he has travelled. The rising and setting points of the stars (and other cues) provide instantaneous information about direction, but distance can only be judged by integrating velocity-related information over time. Micronesian navigators judge distance in a way that seems odd. When they are out of sight of land, they imagine that the canoe is stationary and that the islands move back past them. For each voyage, they 'attend' to an island off to the side of the course which is out of sight over the horizon. As they sail, they imagine the island moving back along the horizon changing in bearing until it is imagined to be under the bearing it is known to have from the destination island. Then they know they are near their destination. There is good reason for using a frame of reference whose origin is defined by the boat. We show how it finesses a perceptual paradox--the rising and setting points of the stars do not exhibit motion parallax. PMID- 6535987 TI - A self-maintained Pulfrich pendulum (apparatus note). PMID- 6535988 TI - [Comparison of the results and complications of 2 methods of treatment of grade Ib cervical cancer: radiotherapy and combined therapy. II. Results of a 3-year follow-up of randomized groups of patients treated from 1978 to 1980]. PMID- 6535989 TI - [Value of creating an artificial anus using the right-side transverse colon (transversostomia dextra) in the treatment of post-radiation rectovaginal fistula]. PMID- 6535990 TI - [Neoplasm kinetics. I. Trends and development of experimental and clinical studies]. PMID- 6535991 TI - [Use of transverse computerized tomography for planning radioisotope teletherapy of bladder cancer]. PMID- 6535992 TI - Psychophysiological assessment. PMID- 6535993 TI - Applications of behavioral medicine with children. II. Intervention for behavioral risk factors in coronary heart disease. PMID- 6535994 TI - Behavioral medicine with children: applications in chronic disease. PMID- 6535995 TI - Training of behavior change agents. PMID- 6535996 TI - The private practice of behavior therapy. PMID- 6535997 TI - Behavioral counseling. PMID- 6535998 TI - The renal lesion of congenital hepatic fibrosis: pathologic and morphometric analysis, with comparison to the renal lesion of infantile polycystic disease. AB - The renal lesion of congenital hepatic fibrosis (CHF = Blyth and Ockenden's juvenile polycystic disease of liver and kidneys) was analyzed from 6 specimens from patients aged 3 3/12 to 19 3/12 years and compared with that of 5 patients with infantile polycystic disease (IPCD) aged 6 months to 14 4/12 years. Pathologic, microdissection, injection, and morphometric studies show that the predominantly medullary cystic lesion of CHF shows different distribution in medullary, cortico-medullary, and cortical zones of kidney from the lesion of IPCD, and shows a different time course, from early life to renal insufficiency, from that of IPCD. The renal cysts in CHF affect deep or central collecting tubules, in contrast to the involvement of more peripheral orders of collecting tubules in IPCD. Papillary pore counts, performed for 1 patient, gave significantly low values, in contrast to normal values reported for IPCD. The findings support the previously published conclusion, based on differences in the hepatic lesions of the two conditions, that CHF and IPCD are difference diseases, rather than different permissible manifestations of a single disease. PMID- 6535999 TI - Short rib-polydactyly syndrome type II (Majewski syndrome): a case report. AB - The Majewski type of Short Rib-Polydactyly syndrome is a rare lethal dwarfism syndrome that has recently been recognized as a distinct entity. The full range of associated anomalies remains to be described. This case report details the clinical and autopsy findings in this condition and reviews the differential diagnosis of polydactylous dwarfing syndromes. PMID- 6536000 TI - Bronchopulmonary dysplasia: a morphometric study with emphasis on the pulmonary vasculature. AB - Using morphometry, the pulmonary vasculature in lungs obtained at autopsy from 8 patients with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) was studied. In these specimens the axial arterial pathway was similar in length to those of equivalently aged fetuses and increased with lengthening survival. The internal diameter of axial arteries was variable--excessively wide in 2 patients and diffusely narrow in 3. Microscopically, the percent medial thickness of muscular pulmonary arteries was reduced compared to fetal values and tended to be less in older patients. Compared to normal fetuses, there were more muscularized intraacinar arteries, suggesting peripheral extension of smooth muscle. Arterial concentrations were elevated in 2 long-term survivors. The weight of the cardiac right ventricle was reduced in 4 patients. These findings indicate that in patients with BPD there is a complex dual process of pathological remodeling and an attempt at normal anatomic adaptation of the pulmonary vasculature to extrauterine life. PMID- 6536001 TI - [Bacterial lipids]. PMID- 6536002 TI - Effects of thioridazine and fluphenazine on the pituitary, thyroid and adrenal functions in patients with paranoid schizophrenia. PMID- 6536003 TI - [Analysis of selected parameters in a group of patients with pseudoneurotic schizophrenia hospitalized for the first time]. PMID- 6536005 TI - [Apprehension of estimation and the need for social approval in clinical psychological diagnosis]. PMID- 6536004 TI - [Relationship between information processing and short- and long-term memory in patients with paranoid schizophrenia]. PMID- 6536006 TI - [The handwriting test as a method of diagnosing narcotic dependence]. PMID- 6536007 TI - [Attitudes suppressed by culture and the individual and their reflection in the language of schizophrenics]. PMID- 6536008 TI - [Use of acupuncture in the treatment of depressive syndromes]. PMID- 6536009 TI - [Treatment of narcotic dependence by acupuncture]. PMID- 6536010 TI - [Occupational therapy in the therapeutic community of a psychiatric department]. PMID- 6536011 TI - [Training of music therapists (the American experience)]. PMID- 6536012 TI - [The premorbid personality in affective disorders]. PMID- 6536013 TI - [Nosologic position of schizoaffective psychosis]. PMID- 6536014 TI - [Sadistic behavior in sex offenders]. PMID- 6536015 TI - [Preliminary information on the working principles of a type ES-82 instrument for pin electroconvulsive therapy]. PMID- 6536017 TI - [Evaluation of the incidence of depressive mental disorders of among children and adolescents based on the frequency of diagnosis of these disorders in psychiatric care centers]. PMID- 6536016 TI - [Premorbid personality characteristics in patients with affective disorders]. PMID- 6536018 TI - [Analysis of errors in the transformation of abstract concepts by patients with paranoid schizophrenia]. PMID- 6536019 TI - [Mental disorders in persons who have stayed abroad for a long time]. PMID- 6536020 TI - [Development and objectives of rehabilitation camps]. PMID- 6536021 TI - [Characteristics of the working system in a psychiatric department studied by questionnaires circulated among patients and their families]. PMID- 6536022 TI - [Social adaptation of schizophrenic patients, former members of an ambulatory psychotherapeutic group, in the light of a 4-year follow-up]. PMID- 6536023 TI - [Theory of social roles in the rehabilitation of repeatedly hospitalized schizophrenic patients]. PMID- 6536024 TI - [Diagnostic criteria of dementia and characteropathy in the view of various Polish psychiatrists]. PMID- 6536025 TI - [Anorexia nervosa--a syndrome or a typical psychosomatic illness?]. PMID- 6536026 TI - [Interdisciplinary system versus one-sidedness, and semantics and precision of formulations in sexology]. PMID- 6536027 TI - [Psychosomatic diseases--selected problems]. PMID- 6536028 TI - [Allergy to decorative plants]. PMID- 6536029 TI - [Studies on infectivity and microbiological incubation time of Chlamydia infection in men with urethritis and in their sexual partners. I. Degree of infectivity for the partners]. PMID- 6536030 TI - [Studies on infectivity and microbiological incubation time of Chlamydia infection in men with urethritis and in their sexual partners. II. Significance of the microbiological incubation time for the correct determination of the risk of infection]. PMID- 6536031 TI - [Anaerobic and aerobic bacterial flora of the vagina in women and of the urethra in their sexual partners]. PMID- 6536032 TI - [Composition of normal bacterial flora of human skin in relation to the age and sex of examined persons]. PMID- 6536033 TI - [Condylomata acuminata as a venereological problem]. PMID- 6536034 TI - [Argyrophilic fibers of the skin in acroscleroderma before and after treatment with heparin]. PMID- 6536035 TI - [Contribution to the diagnosis of cervical actinomycosis]. PMID- 6536037 TI - Detection and resolution of audio-visual incompatibility in the perception of vowels. PMID- 6536036 TI - The effects of intravenous diazepam and hyoscine upon human memory. PMID- 6536038 TI - Functional between-hand differences and outflow eye position information. PMID- 6536039 TI - [Embryo-pathogenic considerations and clinico-radiologic aspects of an enterogenous caudal cyst]. AB - This is a description of a rare intestinal malformation. The authors consider the theories for development of gastrointestinal duplications and emphasize for the underscribed abnormality seen in a female infant the embryology of the tailgut and neuroenteric canal. PMID- 6536040 TI - [Neonatal gastric obstruction]. AB - Gastric outlet obstruction in newborn may be due to segmental atresia or mucosal diaphragm. The authors report two cases of pyloric obstruction and they consider the etiopathogenetic and diagnostic aspects. PMID- 6536041 TI - [Giant parietal foramina. A surgical defect?]. AB - Sinus pericranii is unusually demonstrated in the region of the obelion. The radiological findings are those of large parietal foramina and the overlying soft tissue is bulging, suggesting vascular collection. The possible relationship between ossification of parietal bone and vascular anomaly is discussed. PMID- 6536042 TI - [Neonatal septic osteomyelitis. Report of l5 cases]. PMID- 6536043 TI - [Clinical and radiologic aspects in a case of Aicardi syndrome]. PMID- 6536044 TI - [Pulmonary changes induced by anesthesia in CT x-ray examinations of the chest in infancy]. PMID- 6536045 TI - [Radiologic study of pulmonary pathology caused by Mycoplasma in childhood]. PMID- 6536046 TI - [Five cases of malformations of the digestive system occurring with increasing incidence]. PMID- 6536047 TI - [Digital venous angiography in the evaluation of malformations of the aortic arch in childhood. Presentation of 2 cases]. PMID- 6536048 TI - [An unusual case of inguinal hernia with intestinal and ureteral content]. PMID- 6536049 TI - [Cerebral echography. Technology and anatomy]. PMID- 6536050 TI - [Bedside cerebral echography in a neonatal intensive care unit]. PMID- 6536051 TI - [Echographic-computer tomographic correlations in the study of the infant brain]. PMID- 6536052 TI - [Real-time immersion-automatized echography in pediatric craniology]. PMID- 6536053 TI - [High-resolution computerized tomography in infantile craniocerebral studies]. PMID- 6536054 TI - [Protocol proposals for neuroradiologic research in pediatric craniology]. PMID- 6536055 TI - [Assonance and dissonance in pediatric radio-urology]. PMID- 6536056 TI - [Radiologic and nuclear medicine contribution to the evaluation of obstructive urinary pathology in childhood]. PMID- 6536057 TI - [Apudomas secreting amines and polypeptides. Anesthesia and its complications]. PMID- 6536058 TI - [Traumatic aneurysm of the aorta diagnosed late as a result of cataclysmic hematemesis]. PMID- 6536059 TI - [Administration of cholinesterase in apnea induced by suxamethonium]. PMID- 6536060 TI - [Intracardiac knotting of a Swan-Ganz catheter]. PMID- 6536061 TI - [Delayed hypoxic encephalopathy: apropos of 3 cases]. PMID- 6536062 TI - [Anesthesia in cataract surgery]. PMID- 6536063 TI - [Social responsibility in the face of catastrophies]. PMID- 6536064 TI - [Resuscitation in thoracic injuries by means of surgery. Comparative study with other methods of treatment]. PMID- 6536065 TI - [Diazanalgesia as an anesthetic technic in heart surgery with extracorporeal circulation]. PMID- 6536066 TI - [Clinical study of a new monitor for the determination and recording of arterial pressure by a non-invasive electronic-oscilometric method. Possibilities of the Dinamap]. PMID- 6536067 TI - [Effect of fentanyl on lymphocyte mitogenesis. In vitro study]. PMID- 6536068 TI - [Comparative study of extradural fentanyl combined with etidocaine and bupivacaine in hip surgery]. PMID- 6536069 TI - [Acute intermittent porphyria. Anesthetic considerations in 2 cases]. PMID- 6536070 TI - [Resuscitation in a case of severe tetanus with regional symptoms]. PMID- 6536071 TI - [Iatrogenic hydrothorax as a result of catheterization of the subclavian vein. Technic for avoiding intrathoracic drainage]. PMID- 6536073 TI - [Acute poisoning with methanol]. PMID- 6536072 TI - [Anaphylactoid reaction to Hemoce]. PMID- 6536074 TI - [Reversal of benzodiazepine depression with aminophylline]. PMID- 6536075 TI - [Maternal and fetal risk of pregnancy in cardiac patients with and without anticoagulant treatment]. PMID- 6536076 TI - [Acute exogenous psychosis caused by a cerebrovascular accident. Experience with 9 patients]. PMID- 6536077 TI - [Paraduodenal hernia: report of 2 cases]. PMID- 6536078 TI - [Yield and efficiency of a cytogenetics laboratory]. PMID- 6536079 TI - [Comparative study of the academic aptitude test and final graduate records of students of Chilean medical schools]. PMID- 6536080 TI - [Hepatic circulation: anatomical and physiological analysis with reference to its clinical importance]. PMID- 6536081 TI - [Genetic heterogeneity of multifactorial diseases]. PMID- 6536083 TI - [The effect of ultrashort action barbiturate in 2 cases of catatonia]. PMID- 6536082 TI - [Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: report of a case in Chile]. PMID- 6536084 TI - [Statement of the Latin American Association of Academies of Medicine on ethics in medicine]. PMID- 6536086 TI - [Thyroid function in a mentally retarded child population of an iodine-deficient zone]. PMID- 6536085 TI - [Bacterial peritonitis in 29 cirrhotic patients]. PMID- 6536087 TI - [Hepatitis B surface antigens (HBsAg) and anti-HBs antibodies in outpatients and hospital personnel]. PMID- 6536088 TI - [Prevalence of neuropsychiatric disorders in an elderly population]. PMID- 6536089 TI - Comparative study of the distances between the small saphenous vein and the common peroneal and tibial nerves in male and female adults. PMID- 6536090 TI - [Acute pancreatitis associated with gastric duplication in a child]. PMID- 6536091 TI - [Idiopathic acute fatty liver in pregnancy. Clinico-pathological study of 3 cases]. PMID- 6536092 TI - [Curricular orientation of the course for graduating in medicine at the University of Sao Paulo]. PMID- 6536093 TI - [Necrotizing lymphadenitis in leprosy]. PMID- 6536094 TI - [The size of reticulocytes in beta-thalassemic homozygotes]. PMID- 6536096 TI - [Research on the response of lymphocytes from aged subjects to alpha-thymosin and hydrocortisone in in vitro cultures]. PMID- 6536095 TI - [Evaluation of a filter for the preparation of erythrocyte concentrates poor in leukocytes and platelets. Preliminary results]. PMID- 6536097 TI - [Distribution of serologic markers of hepatitis B in a sample of the population of Cremona province]. PMID- 6536099 TI - [HBcAb-IgM/HBcAb-IgG in the course of virus B infections: features of importance for the diagnosis, prognosis and pathogenetic interpretations]. PMID- 6536098 TI - [Determination of ALT transaminases: an advantageous model for identifying HBV carriers and carriers of a silent hepatic pathology, particularly viral (preliminary results)]. PMID- 6536100 TI - Thymidine kinase and thymidine phosphorylase activities in various types of leukaemia and lymphoma. AB - Thymidine kinase (TK) isoenzymes and thymidine phosphorylase (TP) activities have been measured in peripheral mononuclear cells of patients with acute lymphoblastic and monoblastic leukaemia or B-chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, as well as in normal subjects, and also in lymph node cells from patients with non Hodgkin's lymphoma, with Hodgkin's disease and with benign adenopathies. TK1 isoenzyme activity was highest in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia and in centroblastic lymphoma. Then in progressively decreasing order appeared the Hodgkin's disease values, the centroblastic centrocytic lymphoma values and the benign reactive lymph node cell values. When compared to normal blood mononuclear cells, TP was greatly decreased in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia and slightly but significantly decreased in chronic leukaemia. Monoblastic cells exhibited a unique enzyme pattern; moderately increased TK1 activity and high TP activity. Our results suggest that both enzymes are indicative of the maturation status of leukaemic cells from B lineage. They demonstrate that in lymph node cells, TK1 reflects the proliferative status of both malignant and non-malignant cells and that in monoblastic cells the synthesis of dTMP through de novo synthesis is favoured. PMID- 6536101 TI - On the occurrence of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in different types of intestinal metaplasia of the human stomach. AB - The occurrence and localization of CEA in mucosa of 15 gastric specimens removed because of adenocarcinoma and 12 gastric specimens removed because of benign ulcer were investigated. CEA occurred in nearly all foci of intestinal metaplasia of the "colonic type" characterized by the secretion of O-acetylated sialo mucins. In intestinal metaplasia characterized by secretion of sulphomucin a few foci contained CEA. "Small intestinal type" metaplasia, characterized by secretion of non-sulphated acid mucins, and normal gastric epithelium did not contain CEA. These findings may explain some of the discrepancies of earlier published work on the CEA content of intestinal metaplasia. The correlation between CEA and intestinal metaplasia of the "colonic type", known to be associated with gastric adenocarcinoma, may identify a special type of intestinal metaplasia which could be important in the histogenesis of certain types of gastric carcinoma. PMID- 6536103 TI - [Fluorides--questions awaiting answers]. PMID- 6536102 TI - [Environmental pollution with mercury---health problems. I. Sources and transformation of mercury in the environment]. PMID- 6536104 TI - [Lead, cadmium, arsenic, copper, zinc, iron and magnesium content of muscles of slaughterhouse animals. I. Muscle tissue of swine, 1975-1983]. PMID- 6536105 TI - [Mineral components of various food products]. PMID- 6536106 TI - [Hemoglobin biosynthesis and tissue saturation with copper and iron after varied intake]. PMID- 6536107 TI - [Nitrate and nitrite content of daily diets of adults and children]. PMID- 6536108 TI - [Laboratory evaluation of the nutritive value of average daily food rations of selected population groups in Poland. I. Value of energy, proteins and fats]. PMID- 6536109 TI - [Modification of conditions of indirect determination of nitrogen in the bodies of rats by the NPU (Net Protein Utilization) method]. PMID- 6536110 TI - [Interaction of exogenous hydrocarbons with Chlorella in an aqueous medium]. PMID- 6536111 TI - [Accuracy of measurements of time-variables noise using a meter for measuring noise level]. PMID- 6536113 TI - [Cancer of the penis: study of its geographic pathology in the State of Bahia, Brazil]. PMID- 6536112 TI - [Serological survey of measles in children from 5 to 15 months of age in Curitiba and Sao Jose dos Pinhais, State of Parana, Brazil, 1983]. PMID- 6536114 TI - [Perinatal morbidity and mortality in maternity hospitals. I--Project description and general results]. PMID- 6536115 TI - [Maternal mortality in Brazil, 1980]. PMID- 6536116 TI - [Sequence of short-term treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis in health institutions of the Vale do Paraiba, 1980-1981, Sao Paulo, Brazil]. PMID- 6536118 TI - [Integration of occupational health into the primary health system]. PMID- 6536117 TI - [Attempt at controlling hymenolepiasis caused by Hymenolepis nana with praziquantel, in a semi-closed community]. PMID- 6536120 TI - [Health administration of emergencies in natural disasters]. PMID- 6536119 TI - [Endemic potential of schistosomiasis in the State of Rondonia, Brazil]. PMID- 6536121 TI - A sensitive method for the analysis of chlordane residues in human blood. PMID- 6536122 TI - Kinetics of intrarectally instilled radiolabeled chenodeoxycholic acid in rats. PMID- 6536123 TI - Postoperative cardiac complications in patients with a history of myocardial infarction. PMID- 6536124 TI - Experimental studies on anomalous arrangement of the pancreaticobiliary ductal system in puppies with a pancreaticocholedochal end-to-side anastomosis. PMID- 6536125 TI - Effects of nicotinic an muscarinic stimulation on calcium flux and catecholamine secretion in primary cultures of adrenal medullary cells. PMID- 6536126 TI - Measurement of ultrasound energy density distributions in vivo. AB - Thermocouple junctions coated with absorbing material have been used for measurement of ultrasound energy density distribution in vivo. The response of this type of probe has been measured in tumours implanted in rats, in ox liver, and in a water bath, using 1 and 3 MHz focussed ultrasound, and these measurements are reported in this paper. The initial rapid rate of temperature rise during the first 60 ms after the ultrasound is switched on provides a reliable index of ultrasound energy density. The coating material increases the magnitude of the temperature rise and reduces variations caused by differences in tissue properties and changes in blood flow. The response is a linear function of ultrasound energy density over the range of interest for therapeutic applications. Thus probes calibrated in known ultrasound fields in water tanks can be used to estimate energy densities in tissue directly. PMID- 6536127 TI - The measurement of attenuation in nonlinearly attenuating media by the zero crossing method. AB - A closed form expression relating the zero crossing density to the material parameters of media with nonlinear frequency dependent attenuation is derived for the case of Gaussian excitation. This expression indicates that for tissues which exhibit a small degree of such nonlinearity, significant errors in the determination of the material parameter result if the nonlinearity is ignored. This result is similar to that shown earlier [Narayana and Ophir (1983) Ultrasound in Med. & Biol. 9, 357-361] for frequency shift techniques. PMID- 6536128 TI - Congenital heart disease: applications and limitations. PMID- 6536129 TI - M-mode and two-dimensional echocardiography--contributions and limitations in management of interatrial and interventricular septal defects and conotruncal anomalies. AB - The relative contributions of M-mode and two-dimensional echocardiography to the management of a congenital cardiac anomaly reflects their individual sensitivity to the physiologic and anatomic alterations of the lesions. The integration of these imaging techniques should not be based on their historical relationship. Two-dimensional imaging has, in most cardiac laboratories, become the cardiac ultrasound technique of choice for patients suspected of having defects in the atrial and ventricular septum or anomalies of the conotruncus. Two-dimensional examination of intra- and extracardiovascular anatomy displays defects in both the interatrial and interventricular septae and permits their segmental localization. Anomalies of great vessel relationships are detailed by two dimensional presentation of the ventriculo-arterial attachments. M-mode echocardiography's strength remains its presentation of temporal/spatial data. Combined M-mode/two-dimensional imaging facilitates quantitation of chamber dimensions as well as vessel and semilunar root diameters. PMID- 6536130 TI - Internal cardiac crux: two-dimensional echocardiography of normal and congenitally abnormal hearts. AB - The internal cardiac crux is an important anatomic landmark for the appreciation of both normal and congenitally altered anatomy. The four-chamber two-dimensional echocardiographic plane of section at the internal crux is the most feasible tomographic plane. The unique noninvasive access to the internal crux anatomy is frequently more sensitive and diagnostic than other imaging modalities, including angiography. This report describes the echocardiographic and anatomic landmarks of the normal crux and the more frequent congenital anomalies that alter these relationships. PMID- 6536131 TI - Fetal echocardiography--applications and limitations. AB - Fetal echocardiography has been a useful technique for demonstrating the anatomy of the developing human heart. M-mode echocardiography may be used to provide rhythm diagnosis in the absence of high-fidelity transabdominal fetal electrocardiograms. The information so generated may be applied to plan the management of pregnancy and delivery in a population at "high risk" for structural or functional heart disease and may provide the impetus for developing in utero treatment programs. For this reason, a high degree of sensitivity and specificity must be asked of the technique and of the personnel performing the examination. "Major" malformations which impart marked hemodynamic and structural alterations on the fetal heart may be reliably diagnosed. Diseases which must be identified on the basis of direct recognition of subtle abnormalities of structure, with little impact on fetal flow patterns (e.g. mild semilunar valve stenosis of perimembranous ventricular septal defect) have been more problematic. Before effective screening and treatment programs for the fetal heart can be developed, a cooperative effort between cardiologists and perinatologists is essential in order to gain facility with imaging as well as familiarity with the natural history of these conditions. PMID- 6536132 TI - Cross sectional echocardiographic assessment of cardiac chamber size and ejection fraction in children. AB - Cross sectional echocardiography can be used to determine left ventricular size and ejection fraction in children. We used two orthogonal planes from the apical four and two chamber planes to calculate the left ventricular volume in 20 children with a variety of congenital heart lesions and compared these volumes with those calculated using angiography. Better correlations were achieved at end diastole than at end systole. Comparisons between ejection fraction calculated by angiography and echocardiography showed the correlation was closer for two dimensional than M-mode techniques. Studies using newer two-dimensional methods suggest that an even closer correlation for volume and ejection fraction can be achieved than those reported in our initial studies. Most studies which have determined right ventricular volume have used biplane methods combining short axis and four chamber images. We used single plane area-length methods from parasternal short axis and apical four chamber planes to calculate right ventricular volume in 20 children undergoing angiocardiography for a variety of congenital heart diseases. The single plane volume method underestimated the volume calculated from angiography uniformly so that a good estimate of the angiographic ejection fraction was obtained. Adding the volumes derived from each plane provided a closer approximation of the angiographic volumes and a good estimate of the ejection fraction. High resolution ultrasound equipment and computer assisted tracing devices have made accurate noninvasive assessment of volume and function accurate and practical. PMID- 6536133 TI - Experience with qualitative and quantitative applications of Doppler echocardiography in congenital heart disease. AB - The increasing popularity of Doppler echocardiography in recent years has stemmed from the combination of Doppler with two-dimensional echocardiography, and from the Doppler capability for flow velocity measurement. In the past decade, Doppler instrumentation has evolved from single probe A- and M-mode systems with non quantitative Doppler output, into multi-faceted instruments combining two dimensional echo, M-mode echo, with both pulsed and continuous wave Doppler. In the field of pediatric cardiology, quantitative Doppler applications have proven most useful in noninvasive measurement of the severity of obstruction at aortic and pulmonic valves, and across pulmonary artery bands. High accuracy is enjoyed using either continuous wave, or high pulse repetition pulsed wave, Doppler. Additional quantitative applications include estimation of volume aortic flow (cardiac output), and comparison with volume pulmonic flow (pulmonary to systemic flow ratio). Through evaluation of specific disturbances of blood flow (timing, location, direction, duration), qualitative aspects of Doppler continue to provide sensitive and specific diagnosis of valvular disease, as well as shunt lesions such as atrial and ventricular septal defect, and patent ductus arteriosus. Qualitative Doppler offers 'semi-quantitation' of the severity of lesions based on demonstration of breadth and extent of the individual flow disturbances. The addition of Doppler flow information to the information available from conventional M-mode and two-dimensional echo has led to a comprehensive cardiac ultrasound capability. Information previously available only from invasive study (severity of gradient, shunt, regurgitation) is now available noninvasively; the impact upon current and long-term aspects of patient care should prove considerable. PMID- 6536134 TI - Analysis and interpretation of thickening and thinning phases of left ventricular wall dynamics. AB - The assessment of cardiac function by cardiac ultrasound has traditionally relied upon such indices as shortening fraction, systolic time intervals and ratio, mean velocity of circumferential fiber shortening, thickening fraction of the septum and free wall. Almost all of these parameters are related to systolic function. Data regarding diastolic function have been limited. The purpose of this discussion is to describe the utilization of computer-assisted analysis of digitized M-mode echocardiograms of the left ventricular chamber and free wall. In addition to providing information about the diastolic phase indices of the cardiac cycle, computer analysis of the M-mode echocardiogram may prove to be more sensitive as well. For the purpose of this discussion, the cardiac entity of cardiomyopathy has been used to serve as a model for the application of this technique. PMID- 6536136 TI - Gamete quality in human in vitro fertilization. AB - The success of in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer depends mainly on oocyte and sperm quality. As far as the oocyte is concerned, its fertilizability and capacity for subsequent development are related to intrinsic factors: quality and maturity, and extrinsic factors; quality of superovulation monitoring. These parameters have been widely studied using morphological (appearance of the oocyte cumulus complex) and endocrine (plasma and follicular hormonology) criteria. PMID- 6536135 TI - The long-acting dopamine agonist pergolide mesylate for treatment of hyperprolactinaemia. AB - Seven hyperprolactinaemic women were treated with the new, long-acting dopamine agonist pergolide mesylate. The treatment resulted in normalization of the prolactin secretion in four of the seven women and six of them experienced regular uterine bleedings. Four of the patients had previously discontinued bromocriptine because of adverse effects but had no problems to tolerate pergolide. One bromocriptine-resistant woman was unresponsive also to pergolide therapy. Reported side-effects in the seven women were mild and transient. Pergolide mesylate may be a valuable alternative to bromocriptine in the management of patients with hyperprolactinaemia. PMID- 6536137 TI - Surrogate parenting. AB - The surrogate parenting is a process by which a couple can obtain a baby after the husband's sperm is artificially inseminated into another woman who has agreed to carry the pregnancy at term and to relinquish any claim to the infant. In this paper the author illustrates the structure of an SP program with particular reference to the legal, ethical and medical aspects of this reproductive technique. PMID- 6536138 TI - Treatment of male infertility by in vitro fertilization: factors affecting fertilization and pregnancy. AB - IVF was attempted in more than 100 couples where the man was considered to be the cause of the infertility. 57% of all oocytes were fertilized and embryo replacement was achieved in 60-70% of cases. Pregnancies following IVF were established in cases with a long duration of infertility and different male factors such as oligospermia, teratospermia, asthenospermia and auto-immunity. Almost 50% of men with very low numbers of active spermatozoa (0.5 X 10(6)/ml motile spermatozoa) were able to establish pregnancy. No correlation was found between the percentage motility and the chance of fertilization in cases with abnormal semen, but a reduction of the incidence of fertilization was noticed in cases with extreme oligospermia (5 X 10(6)/ml) where 41% of the oocytes were fertilized. The results of the post coital hamster egg tests were inaccurate in predicting the outcome of IVF. The collection of split ejaculates, and the careful preparation of spermatozoa using sedimentation and layering methods proved to be beneficial, improving sperm motility and raising the chance of fertilization. PMID- 6536139 TI - Coitus-induced ovulation and its implications for estimates of some reproductive parameters. AB - It is estimated here that, at the time of conception, the mean coital rate of young women who subsequently bear DZ twins is about 6% higher than that of the general population of young married women. This differential seems too small to account wholly for the greater promptness in conceiving DZ twins. Accordingly, it is suggested that coital rate is associated with DZ twinning in two ways. The major link seems to be indirect and mediated by erotic response which causes an increase in gonadotrophin levels and thus in double ovulation. In a minority of cases, frequent coitus may give rise to DZ twins via superfecundation, but it seems that, in human beings, the corpus luteum of one ovum will usually inhibit fertilization of any further ova after a short interval. The evidence presented here, though indirect, seems to suggest that, under particularly erotic conditions, double ovulation is sometimes induced. It seems reasonable to infer that coitus also occasionally provokes or accelerates single ovulations, thus impugning some rhythm methods of contraception. But there seems no very good evidence that rape induces ovulation. Some notes are added on the implications of induced ovulation for estimates of fecundability and of the length of the fertile period. PMID- 6536140 TI - Proband concordance vs. casewise concordance. PMID- 6536141 TI - Visceral leishmaniasis: clinical manifestations, diagnosis and treatment. PMID- 6536142 TI - The frozen seal technique in the surgical treatment of hydatid disease in the Netherlands. PMID- 6536143 TI - Rickettsia conorii infection complicated by supraventricular tachycardia in a ten year-old child. PMID- 6536144 TI - The faecal actinomycete flora of Protracheoniscus amoenus (woodlice; Isopoda). AB - Following a marked order of preference, adults of Protracheoniscus amoenus consumed in preference tests the fallen, weathered leave species of forest litter much more selectively than those of the millipede Chromatoiulus projectus. Under natural circumstances, the individuals (prejuveniles, juveniles, young adults and adults) of these two species live frequently together in the forest litter-layer, feeding on weathered leaves of the very same tree species and placing their faecal pellets in the vicinity of each other. Accordingly, there is a high probability of mutual contamination with their faecal bacteria. In contrast, promicromonospora-type intestinal actinomycetes characterized by cell-wall composition type VI colonize only the faeces of Ch. projectus, and are completely lacking of the dropped pellets of woodlice. Diverse species of streptomycetes were detected in the fresh faecal matter of both litter-dwelling animal species, but presumably they were only survivors of gut passage and passive travellers through the digestive canal. PMID- 6536145 TI - Take and growth of the transplantable MC29 hepatoma in allogeneic and xenogeneic hosts. AB - We report here the unexpected biological behaviour of the transplantable MC29 virus-induced hepatoma. This neoplasm, originating from an inbred white Leghorn (Duke) chicken, is maintained in our laboratory by serial in vivo passages in Hunnia hybrid chickens allogeneic to the original host. More than 80% of the tumours developing after subcutaneous inoculation of 3 x 10(6) hepatoma cells into newly hatched chickens grew progressively, while after injection of the same number of cells into 7 days old birds regressive tumour growth was observed. Transplantation from the allogeneic hosts into 7 days old inbred white Leghorn (Duke) chickens also resulted in regression of tumours in the great majority of cases. After inoculation to xenogeneic Japanese quails, progressor tumours developed in both two weeks old and adult birds with a dramatic increase of the frequency of liver metastases. Transplantation to another xenogeneic host, the turkey, revealed an age-related resistance similar to that of Hunnia hybrid chickens. PMID- 6536146 TI - [Effect of sodium selenate on changes in the myocardial cell action potential induced by experimental coronary artery spasm]. PMID- 6536147 TI - [The pregnancy terminating effect and toxicity of an active constituent of Aristolochia mollissima Hance, aristolochic acid A]. PMID- 6536148 TI - [Research on the dose regime of Qinghaosu administration according to its biological half-life]. PMID- 6536149 TI - [Electron impact and field desorption mass spectrometry of 2,4-diamino-6 substituted quinazoline sulfonamides]. PMID- 6536150 TI - [Synthesis of leonurine and syringic acid aminoesters]. PMID- 6536151 TI - [Morphology, anatomy and chemical constituents of five species of Clinopodium]. PMID- 6536152 TI - [Chemical studies on active principles of Veratrum stenophyllum. III. Studies on the structure of beta 1-chaconine and the partial structures of stenophylline C and stenophylline D]. PMID- 6536153 TI - [Studies on the active constituents of Filifolium sibiricum (L) Kitam]. PMID- 6536154 TI - [Studies on the alkaloids of Aconitum duclouxii Levl and their chemical structures]. PMID- 6536155 TI - [Mass spectrometric studies on alkannins]. PMID- 6536156 TI - [Study on phenytoin-selective electrode]. PMID- 6536157 TI - [Determination of amiodarone in human plasma by high performance liquid chromatography]. PMID- 6536158 TI - [Study on tumor chemotherapeutic agents: synthesis of 9-hydrazinoacridine derivatives]. PMID- 6536159 TI - [Studies on the chemical constituents of Menispermum dauricum DC]. PMID- 6536160 TI - [Progress in modified prostaglandins]. PMID- 6536161 TI - [Studies on the antiasthmatic action of ligustilide of dang-gui, Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels]. PMID- 6536162 TI - [The anticonvulsant action of 3-n-butylphthalide (Ag-1) and 3-n-butyl-4, 5 dihydrophthalide (Ag-2)]. PMID- 6536163 TI - [A combined regimen of pyronaridin-artemether-chloroquine (PAC) for the treatment of Plasmodium cynomolgi infection in the rhesus monkey]. PMID- 6536164 TI - [Synthesis of isoharringtonine and separation of its isomers]. PMID- 6536166 TI - [Selection of an optimal paper chromatographic system for 14 amino acids]. PMID- 6536165 TI - [Studies on the diterpenoids of Rabdosia rosthornii (Diels) Hara]. PMID- 6536167 TI - [A simple phosphorimetric method for the determination of chlorpromazine]. PMID- 6536168 TI - [Simultaneous determination of lidocaine, bupivacaine and tetracaine in human plasma by high performance liquid chromatography]. PMID- 6536169 TI - [The anti-SRS-A effect of tetrandrine]. PMID- 6536170 TI - [Synthesis of 4-(and 5-)-t-butyl-2-(2-dimethylamino) ethoxyphenyl dimethylcarbamates as reversible cholinesterase inhibitors]. PMID- 6536171 TI - [Synthesis of 5-(1, 3, 3-trimethyl-6-substituted) indolinyl N, N dimethylcarbamates as reversible cholinesterase inhibitors]. PMID- 6536172 TI - [Tumor-localizing agents: synthesis of N-substituted iminodiacetic acids]. PMID- 6536173 TI - [Studies on the diterpenoids from Rabdosia angustifolia]. PMID- 6536174 TI - [The toxicity of aconitine and its analogs and their effects on cardiac contractile function]. PMID- 6536175 TI - [Effects of antischistosomal drugs on the respiration and glycolysis of Schistosoma japonicum]. PMID- 6536176 TI - [Synthesis of mexiletine analogs]. PMID- 6536177 TI - [Synthesis and biological activities of some new 3-methyl-5-nitrofuran derivatives]. PMID- 6536178 TI - [Anticholinergics: synthesis of 2',2'-diphenylethyl azacycloalkane derivatives]. PMID- 6536179 TI - [Study on asymmetrical synthesis of steroids. VII. A novel method for the synthesis of 2-alkyl-2-(3'-oxo-6'-methoxycarbonyl-)hexyl-1,3- cyclopentandione]. PMID- 6536180 TI - [Isolation and structural determination of 8-hydroxy damnacanthol-omega-ethyl ether from the root Damnacanthus subspinosus Hand-Mazz]. PMID- 6536181 TI - [A new triterpene glucoside of Ilex hainanensis Merr]. PMID- 6536182 TI - [Reverse phase ion-paired HPLC separation and determination of epimers of partially synthesized homoharringtonine]. PMID- 6536183 TI - [A general survey of morphological and histological characters of the Chinese medicinal aconite root]. PMID- 6536184 TI - [Chromatographic analysis of a hematoporphyrin derivative and its active fractions]. PMID- 6536185 TI - [A new medicinal plant of the genus Pinellia L]. PMID- 6536186 TI - [Controlled-release drug delivery systems and sustained preparations]. PMID- 6536187 TI - [Thiazole derivatives. V. Synthesis and pharmacological screening of amides of 4 phenyl-5-thiazolecarboxylic acids]. PMID- 6536188 TI - [New coumarin derivatives with expected biological activity]. PMID- 6536189 TI - [Synthesis of gamma-amino alcohols with expected biological activity]. PMID- 6536190 TI - [The in vitro neutralizing efficacy of different dosage forms of antacid preparations]. PMID- 6536191 TI - [Studies on the biological availability of vibramycin in humans]. PMID- 6536192 TI - Changes of activities of thymidylate synthetase and dihydrofolate reductase during phenylhydrazine-induced erythropoietic transformation of the mouse spleen. PMID- 6536193 TI - Some aspects of conditioned reflex activity during sleep. AB - Acquisition, retrieval and extinction of instrumental alimentary reflexes during various types of sleep was studied in cats with metallic electrodes chronically implanted in different brain structures. The possible acquisition and extinction of a defensive conditioned reflex with the onset of paradoxical sleep (PS) serving as a conditioned signal and painful electrical stimulation of the skin as unconditioned was investigated. Results suggest that: (i) in the presence of a high food motivation the conditioned signals delivered during sleep cause the retrieval of previously acquired instrumental alimentary reflexes, and in PS the brain is capable of discriminating conditioned signals more accurately than during slow wave sleep, (ii) after a conditioned reaction to one of two conditioned signals is extinguished through non- reinforcement, the second signal remains effective, causing an instrumental alimentary reflex, (iii) the extinction of instrumental alimentary reflexes effected during sleep is not retained after the animal's awakening, whereas the extinction of a defensive conditioned reflex is retained, (iv) PS may serve as an endogenous conditioned signal during the acquisition of a defensive conditioned reflex. Thus motivational processes developing during PS are effective endogenous stimuli eliciting past experience dreams. PMID- 6536194 TI - Cortical tooth pulp evoked potentials in freely moving rat. AB - The paper deals with the method of chronic implantation of electrodes for tooth pulp stimulation (TPS) in the upper incisor of rats, which enables investigations of tooth pulp evoked potentials (TPEP) under conditions of unrestrained behavior during several weeks. The most favorable point for recording TPEPs in the somatosensory cortex was 1 mm anterior of the bregma and lateral 3 mm below the crest of the skull. Here, TPEPs had amplitudes between 1000 and 2000 mikroV. TPEPs with amplitudes lower than 400 mikroV were recorded in other neocortical areas. The amplitudes of the primary components with peak times of 6 ms for positive and 12 ms for negative peaks were dependent on the behavioral state. The position of and distance between stimulation electrodes influence the TPEP. With increasing stimulus intensity TPEP amplitudes rised in an s-shaped curve. Current spread to alveolar nerve tested in acute experiments and was too small to evoke sufficiently large EPs of other origin. PMID- 6536195 TI - Human reaction time to negative contrast stimuli. AB - Simple motor reaction time (RT) to 100 percent negative contrast stimuli was measured for various background luminances as well as after bleaching a fraction of retinal photopigments. RT decreased to asymptotical value with the increase of background intensity. The intensity-dependent portion of RT behaved identically for 100 percent positive and negative contrast. Moreover, RT to 100 percent negative contrast was extended by bleaching and falls down during the adaptation to the lower background luminance. The results were discussed on the basis of the Pulfrich latency researches. PMID- 6536196 TI - Alternation of EEG alpha and non-alpha periods does not differ in open and closed eye condition in darkness. AB - In relaxed subjects sitting in darkness no difference in the duration of EEG alpha and non-alpha (mostly desynchronized) periods were found under conditions of open and closed eyes. PMID- 6536197 TI - A photosensitive method for measuring horizontal movements of the head to visual and auditory targets. AB - A simple photosensitive method to assess movements of the whole body or its parts was described. The method was applied to record head movements to target sources of visual and auditory stimuli. PMID- 6536198 TI - The effects of pontine or bulbar transection on the respiratory pattern in the rabbit. AB - Rabbits were anesthetized with halothane, paralyzed with d-tubocurarine and mechanically ventilated at eucapnic level. The activity of both phrenic nerves was recorded before and after brainstem transection in animals with vagi intact and then cut. The effect of transection depended upon its level: midpontine transections elicited an apneustic pattern of firing in phrenic nerves prior to vagotomy and a considerable prolongation of expiratory time after vagotomy. Transections through the rostral part of the n. facialis in animals with vagi intact increased the duration of both inspiratory time and - even more - expiratory time. Vagotomy abolished the activities of phrenic nerves. Transection through the n. retrofacialis resulted in fast, irregular, low-amplitude volleys of phrenic nerves; vagotomy elicited inspiratory apneusis. Low frequency electrical stimulation of the vagus nerve enhanced this tonic firing, whereas high-frequency stimulation interrupted it. The results indicate that medullary neurons are capable of generating the basic respiratory pattern, and that the vagal input is integrated at the bulbar level in the rabbit. PMID- 6536200 TI - The presylvian cortex as a transitional prefronto-motor zone in dog. AB - Connnections of the cortical region situated in the medial and lateral walls of the presylvian fissure in the dog were investigated using the method of retrograde HRP transport. The patterns of subcortico-cortical and cortico cortical projections sho,w that the cortical field of the medial presylvian wall (paraorbital area) is related to prefrontal cortex, while the cortical field of the lateral presylvian wall (anterior composite area) is connected with motor cortex. Additionally, short reciprocal connections exist between paraorbital and composite anterior areas. The distribution of these connections and the cytoarchitectonic features of the presylvian cortex suggest that it should be considered as a transitional prefronto-motor zone. PMID- 6536199 TI - Response of respiratory motoneurons to release from vagal inhibition in the rabbit. AB - Long-lasting effects of vagal input on phrenic (Phr) and external intercostal (EI) motoneuronal output were studied on 16 anesthetized rabbits breathing spontaneously or paralysed and ventilated by a phrenic nerve-driven pump. Withholding of ventilation by tracheal occlusion or by switching off the servorespirator maintained for seven breaths evoked a progressive increase of Phr and EI from breath to breath. This effect was more evident in animals ventilated by servo- respirator. The higher was the gain of the pump (volume-to-phrenic signal ratio) before the maneuvre, the bigger was the rate of increase of the tidal phrenic amplitude from breath to breath at all CO2, levels tested. Vagotomy strongly depressed or eliminated this effect. We conclude that with intact vagus nerve the increase of respiratory motoneuronal output was only partialy due to the gradual increase in chemical drive when ventilation was stopped. The character of the response indicates the existence of a long-lasting component of the Breuer-Hering reflex. Splitting the medulla abolished this prolonged response while preserving the inspiratory vagal inhibition indicates that the neuronal pathways crossing the midline of .the medulla are important for the effect. PMID- 6536201 TI - Receptive fields of cat's non-relay lateral geniculate and perigeniculate neurons. AB - Two groups of neurons are postulated to serve as inhibitory interneurons for principal lateral geniculate cells: intrageniculate interneurons and the perigeniculate neurons. We analysed the spatiotemporal characteristics of receptive fields (RFs) of cells from both groups identified by their anatomical position and responses to electrical stimulation of the optic chiasm and visual cortex. Intrageniculate interneuronal RFs resembled in all respects those of relay cells. One third of perigeniculate neurons had erratic responses to visual stimuli. Those which responded well to flashing stimuli possess large (up to 20 degrees) spatially heterogeneous ON/OFF type RFs. Spatiotemporal extents of excitatory domains of both intrageniculate interneurons and perigeniculate neurons RFs correspond to the extents of inhibitory domains in the principal cell RFs which were described previously. PMID- 6536202 TI - Two-processor system, based on the ZX-Spectrum microcomputer and the CAMAC modular system, for the analysis of physiological data. AB - The cost-efficient computer system composed of easy accessible elements was designed and set up for the purpose of both ON-line and OFF-line analysis of data obtained in physiological experiments. The system was supplied with the standard software, including special cross-assembler for CAMAC. The features of the system were verified during the experiments on respiratory neurons. It facilitates the analysis of experimental results. PMID- 6536203 TI - [Surgery of colorectal cancer. Statistical analysis of 350 personal case reports]. PMID- 6536204 TI - [Staging of differentiated neoplasms of the thyroid]. PMID- 6536205 TI - [Indications and a special surgical technic in the excision of the submaxillary gland]. PMID- 6536206 TI - [Intestinal obstruction caused by phytobezoar]. PMID- 6536207 TI - [Compensatory hypertrophy of the intestinal mucosa after massive resection of the small intestine]. PMID- 6536208 TI - [Rare localization of Crohn's disease: primary involvement of the appendix]. PMID- 6536209 TI - [Lithiasis of the common bile duct in our experience]. PMID- 6536210 TI - [Surgical problems in traumatic lesions of the hilus hepatis]. PMID- 6536211 TI - [Automated recording of precision profiles for the radioimmunological determination of T4 using a pocket calculator of the HP-41 CV type]. AB - Precision profiles as useful tool for assurance of assay quality in 10 independent T4RIAs have been automatically obtained using a small programmable pocket calculator HP-41 CV. For each T4 assay batch, the within-assay coefficient of variation varied from 7 to 11% in the hormone concentration range of 2 to 20 micrograms/dl. The difference in coefficient of variation for all the 10 successive assay batches of T4, never exceeded 1% in the same hormone concentrations regions. All the above findings demonstrate that the precision profile can be used as a powerful tool for assessing the assay quality and consistency of overall random error between successive assay batches. PMID- 6536212 TI - Photoperiodic response of rain quail. AB - The photoperiodic response of the migratory sexually dimorphic Rain quail were studied. Birds were subjected to constant long (18L : 6D) and constant short (6L : 18D) photoperiods. In addition birds receiving 6L : 18D treatment were given additional light pulse of an hour duration at 0,2, 4 & 6 hours after the end of 6 hour photophase. It is obvious that the photoinducible phase occurs after 12 hours of Sun rise or "Light on" phase. This is based on the fact that the testis remain small and inactive under short photoperiods and alson in birds receiving light pulse at 0,2 & 4 hours in which the photophase occured at 12 hour or earlier. The full development was observed in groups of birds in which only when the light was available at 13 hour. It also seems that the light inducible phase in this species probably like in weaver bird but similar to in temperate zone birds may be quite long. The results it is suggested confirm the concept of Bunning's hypothesis. PMID- 6536213 TI - Adenosine transport and metabolism: independent but non separable events in the human erythrocyte. PMID- 6536214 TI - Investigation of another probable mechanism of infection in cysticercosis. I. A report of preliminary findings. PMID- 6536215 TI - Lactic C4 dehydrogenase (E.C.1.1.1.27) in human seminal plasma. PMID- 6536216 TI - Preliminary study of clinical, histopathological and immunological correlation of Mexican cutaneous leishmaniasis in man. PMID- 6536217 TI - Accelerated cicatrization produced by polyethylene glycol. PMID- 6536218 TI - Longitudinal study on head circumference of Pakistani infants in different socioeconomic groups. AB - Head circumference of Pakistani infants from different socioeconomic groups, was measured during the entire period of infancy. Growth curves for head circumference of local infants remained below the 25th percentile of the Harvard standard through out the first year. However, divergence from the standard increased as their age advanced. Head circumference was found to vary directly with socioeconomic status. It was concluded that smaller head circumference of the local infants was part of the overall growth depression caused by inadequate supplementary feeding and late introduction of solids to the infants' diet. PMID- 6536219 TI - [Nutritive value of diets based on tubers and legumes consumed in 3 different proportions]. AB - This study was an attempt to determine the nutritional value of diets based on mixtures of manioc and cowpea flours. The proportions analyzed were 87/13, 70/30 and 50/50, respectively. The effect of supplementing these diets with methionine was also investigated. The nutritional value of the diets was evaluated using as a basis the percentage of utilizable protein. Findings revealed that the protein was best utilized when the percentages of manioc and cowpea flours were 50/50, with significant differences observed among the proportions analyzed. In contrast, no significant differences were observed with methionine supplementation to diets of manioc and cowpea flours mixed in the proportion of 87/13. However, when the proportions were 70/30 and 50/50, the addition of methionine induced significant differences, with the highest protein value in both mixtures. It was also observed that the percentage of utilizable protein increased as the proportions of cowpea in the diets also increased. PMID- 6536220 TI - [Effects of iodine deficiency during intrauterine and early postnatal life on DNA synthesis in liver and brain of rats]. AB - Iodine deficiency during intrauterine and early postnatal life of the rat produces a transient decrease in the DNA content of brain and cerebellum, which is spontaneously recovered without replacement therapy. Results of the study revealed that DNA synthesis measured through thymidine-H3 incorporation to DNA, was increased at 21 days of life in liver, brain and cerebellum, indicative of a higher activity of DNA synthesis. This prolongation of the critical period of brain cell multiplication in iodine deficient rats, suggests, therefore, an alteration of brain maturation. PMID- 6536221 TI - The complementation effects on dietary protein of ungerminated and germinated mung bean (Phaseolus aureus) with rice. AB - Biological evaluations using rats were carried out to determine the complementation effects on dietary protein of cooked mung bean/rice and cooked germinated mung bean/rice mixtures. On an isoproteic basis, mung bean protein was found to be of a lower quality than rice protein. Upon complementation with rice, however, the protein quality of the ungerminated and germinated mung bean/rice mixtures steadily increased when rice was incorporated to provide 25, 50 and 75% of the protein in the diet. A comparison study between germinated and ungerminated mung bean/rice mixtures indicated that the latter mixture was of a better protein quality. Nevertheless, replacement of 75% of the dietary protein of mung bean by rice showed no difference between the germinated and ungerminated mung bean. PMID- 6536222 TI - [Bacterial flora of liver pate in 3 stages of processing]. AB - Liver pate is a boiled sausage that, due to its nature and composition, has an appropriate environment for bacterial development. In order to determine the variation in the bacterial development during the processing of this sausage, bacteriological examinations were carried out in three stages of preparation. This involved, first, the fresh product, then, after boiling it, and finally on the 6th day, after cold storage at 0 degrees C. Of the bacterial counts obtained it was determined that boiling greatly reduces the number of bacteria, especially the Gram negative ones, a situation which lasts through the storage period studied. The relationship between initial and final bacterial content of liver pate, clearly shows the influence of contamination of the raw materials employed, on the microbiological quality of the marketed product. PMID- 6536223 TI - [Relation between familial income, expenditure and food consumption in marginal urban zones of Sonora, Mexico]. AB - This research project in urban marginal areas of the City of Hermosillo in Sonora, Mexico, analyzes certain socioeconomic factors taking into consideration the relationship between household income, expense and consumption of food. The study is based on information collected in a 24-hour recall survey carried out for all members of the family, frequency of consumption of foods, and a socioeconomic questionnaire. Expense and consumption of foods was divided into five different income groups and into three classes of foods: basic foods, fresh meat and high-protein foods. The results of the research study show a direct relationship between household income level and expense and consumption of the foods. The income-elasticity of the demand of basic foods was lower than that estimated for high-protein foods, and there was a marked tendency to increase consumption of high-protein foods as family income increased. More than 50% of the calories and proteins were obtained from the basic foods group, even though a large percentage of family food expense was destined for high-protein foods. The study concludes that more research is needed at a macroeconomic level to understand the basic underlying causes of the nutritional problems. PMID- 6536224 TI - Aerosol therapy in adult lung disease. PMID- 6536225 TI - [Pulmonary sarcoidosis]. PMID- 6536226 TI - [Pleural effusions]. PMID- 6536227 TI - [Carcinoma of the lung: histomorphologic and histobiologic correlations]. PMID- 6536228 TI - [Respiratory virosis]. PMID- 6536229 TI - [Fibrobronchoscopy]. PMID- 6536230 TI - [Recent findings on the pathogenesis of diffuse interstitial pulmonary fibrosis]. PMID- 6536231 TI - [Contribution of the study of respiratory function to the evaluation of pulmonary interstitiopathies]. PMID- 6536232 TI - [Principal allergenic pollens present in Benevento]. PMID- 6536233 TI - [Ambroxol and mucociliary transport]. PMID- 6536234 TI - Monoclonal anti-TL antibody recognizing a TL.2-like antigen. AB - We obtained a monoclonal anti-TL antibody-producing hybridoma by fusion of Sp2/0 hybrid cells with spleen cells from (B6 X A-Tlab) F1 mice immunized with ASL1 leukemia cells. The antibody, TL-22-27-17, reacts in complement-dependent cytotoxicity assay with ASL1 cells as well as with normal thymocytes of TL+ mouse strains (B6-Tlaa, A, BALB/c, DBA/2 and 129) but not with thymocytes from TL- mice (B6--Ly-1a). In addition, it did not react with lymph node cells or Concanavalin A-induced spleen blasts from B6-Tlaa mice; this result shows that TL-22-27-17 recognizes TL and not Qa-1 antigen. The positive reactions with BALB/c (TL.1-2+3 5-6-7+) and 129 (TL.1-2+3-5-6-7-) thymocytes suggest that antibody TL-22-27-17 reacts with TL.2 or TL.2-like antigenic determinant. PMID- 6536235 TI - The comparison of susceptibility of two target cells (HuRBC and L1210) to antibody dependent lymphocyte cytotoxicity. AB - Antibody-dependent lymphocyte cytotoxicity was compared in two test procedures. Human erythrocytes (group O R1R1 or R2R2) and mouse lymphoma cells (line L1210) were used as target cells. Anti-Rh (anti-C + D) serum obtained from a hyperimmunized blood donor and serum obtained from rabbit immunized with L1210 cells were used as the source of antibody specific for target cells. In both tests, lymphocytes (PBL) or mononuclear cells (MNC) isolated from heparinized or defibrinated blood were used as effectors. In both tests comparable results were obtained. PMID- 6536236 TI - Distribution of intraperitoneally injected [125I] BSA in cytoplasm, nucleoplasm and chromatin of lymphocyte-like and macrophage-like rat spleen cells. AB - [125I] BSA injected intraperitoneally penetrated into the cytoplasm and nucleoplasm of rat spleen cells, being rapidly and very tightly bound with chromatin. Distribution in lymphocyte-like and macrophage-like cells was quite similar, but in lymphocyte--like cells between the 4th and 8th day [125I] BSA was totally degraded, while in macrophage-like cells it was still present, being degraded between the 8th and 14th day. PMID- 6536237 TI - Transport of [125I] IgG and [125I] ovalbumin between lymphocyte-like and macrophage-like rat spleen cells: chromatin binding. AB - Spleen cells from rats were incubated for 10 min in Eagle's medium containing [125I] IgG or [125I] ovalbumin. Lymphocyte-like and macrophage-like cells were separated by centrifugation in Ficoll-metrizoate solution (d = 1.095). Control spleen cells were incubated in Eagle's medium without [125I] IgG or [125I] ovalbumin and both subpopulations were separated analogically. Lymphocyte-like cells labelled with [125I] IgG or [125I] ovalbumin were incubated for 10 min with control macrophage-like cells and labelled macrophage-like cells with control lymphocyte-like cells. After the incubation time all subpopulations were separated again in Ficoll-metrizoate solution. Radioactivity of [125I] IgG or [125I] ovalbumin was found in cytoplasmic fraction, sap protein fraction (nucleoplasm) and chromatin of control lymphocyte-like and macrophage-like cells. It may be concluded that transport of these potential antigenic compounds occurs directly in lymphocyte-like and macrophage-like cells as well as transport between these two subpopulations. PMID- 6536238 TI - Cell surface antigens of L-1210 leukemia recognized by monoclonal antibodies. AB - Conventional antisera to L-1210 leukemia were being prepared in our laboratory for nearly a decade and consistently the only specificity detectable was anti Mammary Leukemia antigen (ML). Serological analysis of five monoclonal antibodies obtained following the same immunization schedule showed more diverse pattern of reactivity. Two antigens detected belong to oncofetal category. The third one is differentiation antigen Ly-6 and the nature of two others, expressed on leukemic cells only, remains at present unclear. Thus none of the clones analysed produces antibodies to ML antigen. Our previous analysis of cell surface antigens of L 1210 leukemia with the use of conventional antisera has already been described. This paper presents the results of applying monoclonal antibodies in a comparable studies. PMID- 6536239 TI - Modulation of the humoral response in Pseudomonas aeruginosa-infected mice. AB - Kinetics of humoral anti-SRBC response in the host infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa was investigated. In the course of experimental infection in CFW mice with 0.01 LD50 Pseudomonas aeruginosa 74 followed by immunization with SRBC, inhibition of PFC anti-SRBC production was observed for 5 days after infection. In the case of infection with 0.1 LD50 P. aeruginosa 74 stimulation of anti-SRBC PFC production was observed for 6 days after infection. PMID- 6536240 TI - Toxicologic studies of emissions from a coal gasification process--a chronic feeding study. PMID- 6536241 TI - [Direct reactions of pyridinium oximes with organophosphorus compounds]. PMID- 6536242 TI - [The effect of soot in the presence of ammonia on the behavior of sulphur-dioxide in the air in a model system]. PMID- 6536243 TI - [Poisoning by a large dose of digitalis]. PMID- 6536244 TI - [The why and wherefore of biologic monitoring]. PMID- 6536245 TI - [Clinical manifestations related to the rupture of homologous dura mater bioprostheses]. PMID- 6536246 TI - [Bidimensional echocardiographic evaluation of the pulmonary valve area before and after non-surgical valvuloplasty]. PMID- 6536247 TI - [Pulsatile flow in extracorporeal circulation. Presentation of a mechanical system with preliminary hemodynamic and oxygen transport studies]. PMID- 6536248 TI - [Evaluation of the surgical treatment of left ventricular aneurysms]. PMID- 6536249 TI - [Interatrial paraganglia in the human adult heart]. PMID- 6536250 TI - [Peripheral arterial insufficiency and myocardial ischemia in ergotism. Report of a case and review of the literature]. PMID- 6536251 TI - [Ventricular fibrillation during the ergometric test in a young woman with mitral valve prolapse. Report of a case]. PMID- 6536252 TI - [Syncope--etiopathogenic and propedeutic aspects]. PMID- 6536253 TI - Gastrointestinal motility in normal subjects and patients with diverticulosis of the colon. AB - Our study included 25 subjects, ten with normal intestinal habits and 15 with colonic diverticulosis. Data was collected from X-rays of gastrointestinal transit times and from intraluminal pressures in the sigmoid and rectum, using electromanometry. A comparison of the results led to the following conclusions: 1) transit times to the cecum were essentially similar in both the control subjects and patients with diverticulosis; 2) the barium contrast arrived twice as fast in the proximal sigmoid of patients with diverticulosis compared to the control group. Therefore, there is an increase in the transit between the cecum and sigmoid in individuals with diverticulosis of the colon; 3) the mean of the total time of gastrointestinal emptying is similar in both groups; 4) under unstimulated conditions, the electromanometric study of the sigmoid and rectum was similar in both groups; 5) the sigmoid region in patients with diverticulosis has a modulating transit capacity delaying it. This modulation was not reflected in the electromanometric study as an increase in motor activity. PMID- 6536254 TI - Paracetamol hepatic necrosis and its prevention by cholestyramine. AB - The aim of this study was to test the effect of cholestyramine on the hepatotoxic reactions due to paracetamol overdose. Wistar rats receiving a 5% aqueous solution of paracetamol at a dose of 750 mg/kg intraperitoneally showed a extensive necrosis within 24 hrs, whereas the addition of 4% cholestyramine to the diet inhibited the hepatic aggression. The protective mechanisms of cholestyramine against paracetamol overdose were admitted to be identical to those observed in the inhibition of liver cirrhosis induced by CCl4. The authors' hypothesis is that the paracetamol aggression and cholestyramine protection are both bile salts related. PMID- 6536255 TI - [Barrett esophagus following peptic and alkaline esophagitis]. AB - Eight cases of Barrett's esophagus are presented, six as a result of long-term reflux esophagitis, three of them with ulcer in gastric-like mucosa, two with stenosis. The Congo-Red test in three patients showed non-secretory pattern. They could twice confirm the epithelial change in previous normal esophageal mucosa, once after alkaline reflux esophagitis in a patient with total gastrectomy and esophagus-jejunostomy. Both surgical and medical treatment of reflux could afford relief of the symptoms but they produce no change in the ectopic mucosa. PMID- 6536256 TI - [An antiperistaltic duodenojejunal pouch in the reconstruction of digestive transit after subtotal and total gastrectomy and in the postgastrectomy syndrome. Results]. AB - The author presents the results of a new surgical technique for the reconstruction of the gastrointestinal tract after gastrectomy. It was utilized in 36 patients (ten with total, 16 with subtotal and seven with minimal radical gastrectomy and also three cases of post-gastrectomy syndrome). The initial methodology, using the lost tie (group striction (GST)) to the duodenojejunal reservoir was not successful since it showed recanalization and consequent refluxing esophagitis (55,5%). For that reason, we changed to a complete section of the intestinal loop (group section (GS)). The follow up period ranged from one to 49 months. The following complications were observed: incisional hernia, one case (GST); early postoperative period death (19th day), one case (GS); dumping syndrome, one case (GST); bilious vomiting, two cases (GS); diarrhea, four cases (one GST and three GS). Clinically, in the late follow up of patients without recurrency of neoplasia, 17 of them have gained weight, four have lost weight and two were unaltered. Laboratory tests such as amilasemia, hematologic, proteins and glycemia were favorable to the method. Postoperative function, studied roentgenologically, showed that the average time emptying of the remmant stomach was 115 minutes in the subtotal resections and 82 minutes in total resections. The filling of the reservoir by the barium solution ranged from 40 to 60%; this variation depended on whether the duodenum was in peristalsis or antiperistalsis. Late death occurred in 13 patients, none because of the proposed technique. PMID- 6536257 TI - Surgery of pancreatic dermoid cyst with ligature of superior mesenteric vein. AB - The authors present a case report of a 21 years old patient with a pancreatic dermoid cyst, clinically visible as an abdominal mass. The complete excision of the cyst obliged an elective ligature of the superior mesenteric vein, without complications. Comments are made concerning this pathology and the venous connection bearing in mind recent data from the references consulted. PMID- 6536258 TI - [Anatomo-radiological study of the middle colic artery in children from 0 to 1 year]. AB - The authors tried to establish the most frequent origin and distribution patterns of the middle colic artery. The search consisted of fifty cases and it was possible to distinguish five fundamental types of vascular origin and two basic types of distribution. The use of the radiological method for the anatomical study of small vascular structures proved us the great importance comparing it with the traditional dissecation. PMID- 6536259 TI - [Ganglioneuroma and chronic secretory diarrhea]. AB - The clinical case of a six year old child with two years of severe watery chronic diarrhea is presented. An exhaustive investigation followed by exploratory abdominal surgery, showed ganglioneuroma secreting tumor of VIP (vasoactive intestinal polypeptide). The clinical behavior, the complexity of the diagnostic, its rareness and its physiopathology are discussed. PMID- 6536260 TI - [Clinical conference at the Brazilian Institute for Study and Research in Gastroenterology]. PMID- 6536261 TI - Serological and biochemical factors in bovine ephemeral fever. AB - Clinical signs of ephemeral fever, which were observed in individual cattle during two successive epidemics in 1973 and 1976, were related to biochemical, cellular and serological changes in the blood. The rise in peripheral blood neutrophil counts in samples collected from 12 sentinel cattle on a daily basis before, during and after natural disease in the two epidemics to mean peaks of 9.6-12.5 X 10(9) per litre, and fall in counts of lymphocytes to a trough of 5-7 X 10(9) per litre was found to occur on the same day as the fever peak. A fall in serum calcium levels from a normal mean of 2.55 mmol/l to 2.0 mmol/l occurred on the day clinical signs were most pronounced. Serum magnesium levels were affected to only a minor degree. Plasma fibrinogen rose from a normal mean of 5.0 milligrams to a peak of 18 milligrams on the second day of disease and fell towards normal in the week after recovery. Neutralizing antibodies to bovine ephemeral fever virus were detected up to 63 days prior to clinical disease, and the rise of antibody after recovery was secondary in pattern. Serological evidence of a prior infection with an antigenically related virus, Kimberley virus, was found in these animals. In more severe clinical cases of ephemeral fever serum calcium levels were as low as 1.95 mmol/l. Treatment of cattle showing clinical signs of the disease with phenylbutazone and calcium borogluconate was favourable. PMID- 6536262 TI - Dieldrin and diazinon resistance in populations of the Australian sheep blowfly, Lucilia cuprina, from sheep-grazing areas and rubbish tips. AB - Populations of L. cuprina collected from adjacent sheep-grazing areas and rubbish tips in Victoria (Mansfield and Warrnambool) and New South Wales (Lismore) were tested for resistance to the insecticides diazinon and dieldrin. Populations from sheep-grazing areas had a significantly higher diazinon Rop-1 allele frequency than those from adjacent tips with the Victorian populations being more resistant than those from Lismore. Victorian sheep and tip populations had similar gene frequencies at the dieldrin resistance locus, but the Rdl allele frequency was significantly greater in the population at the tip than in the population from the sheep-grazing area at Lismore. The Rdl allele is at a higher frequency in flies from the Lismore area than in Victorian populations. The results at both loci are explained by a balance of selection and gene flow between sheep and tip populations and by selective differences between geographical areas. The exceptionally high frequency of the dieldrin Rdl allele in populations at the Lismore tip may be partially explained by the use of dichlorvos for fly control. Dosage mortality curve and genetic analyses suggest that dichlorvos (an organophosphorus compound) may select at the dieldrin resistance locus. Possible mechanisms for this are discussed. The consequences of genetic differentiation between L. cuprina populations within a region for an autocidal control program are considered. PMID- 6536263 TI - Partitioning of nutrients in Merino ewes. I. Contribution of skeletal muscle, the pregnant uterus and the lactating mammary gland to total energy expenditure. AB - The contribution of leg muscle, pregnant uterine tissue and lactating mammary gland to overall energy utilization was determined in Merino ewes. Ewes were offered one of three diets based on chaffed oaten hay (7.9 MJ metabolizable energy per kilogram dry matter); chaffed lucerne hay (8.6 MJ/kg); or a 50:50 (w/w) mixture of chaffed oaten and lucerne hays (8.2 MJ/kg). Measurements were made during five different physiological states: dry (non-pregnant), at 94 and 125 days after mating, and at 20 and 50 days after lambing. Tissue energy use was calculated from oxygen uptake and carbon dioxide output obtained from measurement of blood flow and arteriovenous difference. Whole-body energy use was calculated from carbon dioxide energy rate. Energy use by leg muscle was 144 +/- 8 (mean +/- s.e.) kJ kg-1 day-1, and unrelated to metabolizable energy intake, but leg energy use increased with ewe body weight. On the basis that leg muscle was representative of all muscle, total muscle energy use accounted for 26 +/- 4% of whole-body energy expenditure in dry ewes. Uterine energy use per unit weight was respectively 348 +/- 53 and 254 +/- 23 kJ kg-1 day-1 at 94 and 125 days after mating. Milk production was highly correlated with weight of secretory tissue, and with blood flow to the mammary gland. The ratio of blood flow to milk produced was 473:1 in ewes producing from 200 to 1000 ml of milk per day. The mammary gland used energy to produce milk with an efficiency of 0.90 +/- 0.01, a value close to the theoretical estimate of 0.89. On the basis that metabolic rate does not increase during lactation, the efficiency of use of metabolizable energy for milk production was 0.51 +/- 0.05. Examination of energy use by different tissues indicated that energy use by muscle was related to weight, but energy use by remaining tissues (whole body less muscle, uterus and mammary gland) was related to metabolizable energy intake. The results reveal an increase in energy use by the remaining tissue in lactating ewes (8500 +/- 569 kJ/day) compared with dry (5634 +/- 216 kJ/day) and pregnant ewes (5815 +/- 393 kJ/day). PMID- 6536264 TI - Relaxation of rings of canine cerebral artery produced by adenosine and its analogues. PMID- 6536265 TI - Nasal mites from birds of a Guatemalan cloud forest (Acarina: Rhinonyssidae). AB - A survey of the nasal mites from Guatemalan cloud forest birds is reported. Seventy-eight birds, representing 10 families and 18 species, were examined. Prevalance of infection was 24%. Two new species are described: Sternostoma darlingi from Mitrephanes phaeocercus (Tyrannidae) and S. pencei from Empidonax flavescens (Tyrannidae). New host records are reported for S. pirangae from Chlorospingus ophthalmicus (Thraupidae), S. hutsoni from Catharus dryas (Turdidae), Ptilonyssus sairae from Chlorospingus opthalmicus (Thraupidae) and Myioborus miniatus (Parulidae), P. euroturdi from Catharus dryas (Turdidae), P. tyrannus from Empidonax flavescens and Mitrephanes phaeocercus (both Tyrannidae), and Tinaminyssus ixoreus from Catharus dryas (Turdidae). The subspecies Ptilonyssus euroturdi mimicola Fain and Hyland is synonymized with the nominate subspecies. Data are presented to suggest that the Rhinonyssidae may be a polyphyletic assemblage. PMID- 6536266 TI - Tumors of the lateral ventricles. PMID- 6536267 TI - Traumatic, spontaneous and postoperative CSF rhinorrhea. AB - CSF fistulas are a major complication of head injury but also occur spontaneously or symptomatically in connection with tumours of the skull base, empty sella syndrome, ethmoidal encephalomyelocele, intracranial hypertension or postoperatively in connection with operations on skull base tumours or ENT operations. Their main risk is the possibility of meningitis. The main clinical symptom is CSF leakage from the nose, but meningitis may be the first manifestation. Isotope cisternography and metrizamide CT cisternography are the most important methods for precise localization, sometimes also for verification of a suspected fistula. Most traumatic CSF fistulas of the frontal and ethmoidal region have to be treated operatively. The method of choice is the transfrontal approach and the closure of the fistula opening using a pedicled pericranial flap or fascia lata graft. Most sphenoidal fistulas have to be treated by packing the sphenoidal sinus with muscle. The treatment methods of the rare spontaneous and symptomatic CSF fistulas are also described. The results of operative treatment are satisfactory. About 6% recurrences, which as a rule can be cured by reoperation, and a mortality rate of about 1-3% seem to be an acceptable price for prevention of an otherwise unavoidable and oftenly deadly meningitis. Future efforts are necessary to improve the operative technique in order to reduce the incidence of anosmia. Our descriptions and advice are based not only on literature reports but also on our own experiences with a combined material of 237 cases operated on for rhinorrhea. PMID- 6536268 TI - Arteriovenous malformations of the spinal cord. AB - The operative experience in Zurich of forty-one cases of spinal AVM with major intramedullary components showed that it was possible, with the aid of precise microsurgical techniques, to remove completely 60% of these lesions with improvement, or, at least, without deterioration in neurological condition. A further 12% could be apparently effectively palliated by subtotal removal. Radical surgery may be justified in patients with irreversible neurological deficits to treat pain and to prevent fatal SAH. The best results have generally been obtained in patients with less severe neurological deficits and with lesions in the cervical region rather than the thoracolumbar region. The natural history of intramedullary spinal AVMs--that of deterioration after recurrent haemorrhage- is analogous to that of intracranial aneurysms--and the need for earlier diagnosis and for early preventive surgery is the same for both. It would, perhaps, be preferable to treat all cases of spinal AVM by transvascular occlusion to obviate the risk of open surgery and of spinal deformity, but some AVMs will remain impossible to treat by this means and the long term results of embolization still require full analysis before it can be accepted as definitive treatment. Comprehensive and exact superselective spinal angiography is a mandatory prerequisite to surgery and preoperative partial embolization may facilitate operation considerably in the future. However, even the most careful angiographic studies do not always totally define the lesion and the surgeon must be prepared to find unexpected vascular relationships at operation. A simple classification of intramedullary and mixed extra/intramedullary lesions is described. The experiences with dural arteriovenous malformations in Queen Square again show that the best results are obtained in patients who have mild or moderate neurological deficit preoperatively. There is no doubt that progressive neurological deficits finally become irreversible and it is therefore clear that once the diagnosis is suspected, it should be definitively established and operation should follow immediately. The prime, indeed the only, necessary investigation is selective spinal angiography, which demands a high degree of radiological skill and experience, but given these prerequisites, may be performed with little hazard. While embolization of these lesions is possible, the simple surgical disconnection of the nidus of the shunt from the coronal venous plexus is effective in most cases, apparently permanently, and is substantially without risk. PMID- 6536269 TI - Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging of the central nervous system. PMID- 6536270 TI - Sports injuries in an accident and emergency department. AB - Over a one year period, 2270 sports injuries were seen in the Accident and Emergency Department at the Royal Infirmary, Edinburgh. This represented 3.9% of the total new patients seen in that year. Football and rugby were the most frequent sports responsible for injury. Seventy-eight per cent of injured persons were 26 or under and 88.7% of injuries occurred in men. The two months with the most sports injuries were September and February; 74% (1683) patients stated they trained at least once a week and 85% (1895) played the sport in which they were injured at least once a week. Players who did not train were less likely to incur a severe injury than those who did. Fourteen per cent of the injuries were the result of foul play, but again foul play was less likely to cause a serious injury; 41% of injuries were to the lower limb; 45% of injuries were fractures, dislocations, lacerations and head injuries; 7% of patients required admission to hospital and 22% were referred to a clinic. Seventy-seven per cent of the referrals were to the orthopaedic department. The relevance of these figures to the accident and emergency workload is discussed. PMID- 6536271 TI - Resuscitation from drowning. AB - The resuscitation of a 21-year-old man after submersion in fresh water for at least 5 min is described. On admission to hospital the patient appeared dead with fixed dilated pupils, deep cyanosis and asystole. Twenty min later the patient was transferred to the intensive care unit with a recordable blood pressure. On arrival there he was breathing spontaneously and so was not ventilated. A few hours later he developed pulmonary oedema and died. PMID- 6536272 TI - Abandon gastric lavage in the accident and emergency department? PMID- 6536273 TI - Priorities for research in accident and emergency medicine. PMID- 6536274 TI - Acute gout and the accident and emergency department. PMID- 6536275 TI - Spurious hyperglycaemia--a hazard of finger prick blood glucose estimation. AB - Two diabetic patients presented in coma to the accident and emergency department. Although they were hypoglycaemic, the initial blood glucose reagent strip readings were high. We postulate that glucose contamination of their fingers occurred and resulted in spuriously high readings. A small survey highlights the problems resulting from such contamination. Correct handling of blood glucose reagent strips is stressed and we advise venous blood samples in all diabetic emergencies presenting to the accident and emergency department. PMID- 6536276 TI - Head injuries are badly managed in accident and emergency departments and neurosurgeons are partly to blame. PMID- 6536277 TI - Why do accident and emergency doctors request X-rays? AB - A prospective study was carried out to analyse all X-rays requested from the three accident and emergency departments in Sheffield during one week. There were 3253 patients examined, of which 1028 (31.6%) were X-rayed, 1251 sets of X-rays being performed. Few X-rays (4.5%) were requested for medico-legal reasons. Skull X-rays were studied in particular detail. Only 5 (4.5%) of 112 films were subsequently reported as abnormal by the radiologist. The accident and emergency doctor's ability to predict X-ray outcome was not very good, their false positive rate being high at 21% while their false negative rate was low at 5.5%. This indicates that the accident and emergency doctors tended to be over cautious to compensate for their lack of experience. PMID- 6536278 TI - Inflatable splints--what are they doing? AB - The pressure to which splints were inflated was measured to determine whether splintage was effective and if vascular complications were likely. The prevalence of their use by the ambulance service was also investigated. The findings indicate that inflatable splints are in common use, and are rarely inflated to pressures likely to cause vascular complications. However, they are extremely inefficient in holding their pressure and rapidly become ineffective as splints. The therapeutic range between effective splinting and risk of complications is narrow and it is recommended that blow-off valves are incorporated into the manufacture of all such devices. PMID- 6536279 TI - Hand-washing patterns and infection control in the accident and emergency department. PMID- 6536280 TI - Pocket mask ventilation: a critical reappraisal. AB - The pocket mask is a convenient and cost effective method of ventilation when used with the rescuer's lungs and appears to offer a clear advantage in terms of volume delivered during the early treatment of respiratory arrest. Clinical data is needed to confirm the advantage of this device. PMID- 6536281 TI - Intragastric cannulation as a method of ethanol administration for neuroendocrine studies. AB - A technique for implanting an intragastric cannula in the rat is described along with the usefulness of this technique for the periodic administration of ethanol (ETOH). Our results indicate that rats receiving ETOH (3.0 g/kg) every eight hours for three days exhibit approximately a 37% (p less than 0.05) depression in serum luteinizing hormone (LH) levels, with approximately a 40% (p less than 0.025) increase in serum prolactin (Prl) levels when compared with rats receiving saline only. These results are similar to those acute effects observed following multiple IP administration of ETOH; however, the intragastric route of delivery provides an animal model for studying the effects of ETOH on the hypothalamo hypophysial-unit with only a minimum amount of stress to the animal. Advantages of this technique are discussed in comparison with other methods of ETOH administration and their effects on the hypothalamic-LH axis. PMID- 6536282 TI - Altered responsiveness to alcohol after exposure to organic lead. AB - Ethyl alcohol is known to effect the functional integrity of the limbic system, particularly the hippocampus, and to alter behaviors which are thought to be mediated through limbic function. Organometals also compromise the limbic system and result in deficits in learning and memory. Since both alcohol and organoleads are present in the environment and seem to influence limbic integration, the interaction of these two compounds was assessed in the present experiment. Thirty male rats of the Fischer-344 strain were divided into three equal groups and were given injections of trimethyl lead (TML) (8.0 or 17.0 mg/kg/ml SC) or the saline vehicle. Fourteen days later, all animals were challenged with a single hypnotic dose of ethanol (3.5 g/kg IP). The 20% v/v solution of alcohol was prepared in water from a stock solution of 95% ethanol. The latency to loss of the righting reflex and duration of sleep time were recorded while the rats were kept in sound attenuating chambers. The rats treated with the highest dose of TML manifested significantly longer latencies to lose the righting reflex and shorter durations of sleep than did controls. These results suggest that exposure to environmental lead may alter the biological and behavioral responsiveness of an animal to alcohol. PMID- 6536283 TI - Pharmacogenetic strategies for studying alcohol dependence. AB - The importance of genotypic differences in the determination of sensitivity to ethanol, tolerance development and physical dependence susceptibility is achieving ever greater recognition. It is now generally accepted by investigators studying the biochemical and physiological bases for alcoholism that genotype can influence all these different aspects of sensitivity to the effects of ethanol. Although there is convincing evidence that susceptibility to alcoholism is inherited in man, we have no idea what it is that is inherited [2, 7, 19, 24, 31]. By examining a family history for a particular individual, we can identify individuals at familial risk for developing problems with alcohol abuse. However, environmental as well as genetic factors are important in determining who does and who does not become an alcoholic [4]. Thus, one critical need is for a genetic marker for alcoholism. Since the search for such markers in human research is both expensive and time-consuming, this has led to the use of animal models for alcoholism. Animal models are particularly helpful for genetic research since their genetics are well understood and can be specifically tooled to the task at hand. The goal of this paper is to illustrate the principal genetic methodologies that have been employed to study the human and animal pharmacogenetics of alcohol, and to identify future directions in this area. PMID- 6536284 TI - Conditioned place preference induced by intraventricular infusions of acetaldehyde. AB - Multiple intracerebroventricular infusions of acetaldehyde were shown to induce conditioned place preference in laboratory rats. Those animals receiving acetaldehyde infusions displayed an increased preference for environmental cues previously paired with the drug administration. These results indicate that acetaldehyde, when present in the brain, may have reinforcing properties. PMID- 6536285 TI - The effects of ethanol and naloxone on extinction of jump-up avoidance performance in rats. AB - The present study assessed the effects of ethanol and naloxone on the extinction of a jump-up avoidance response in Sprague-Dawley rats. Rats were first trained to jump onto a shelf to escape or avoid shock (0.5 mA). Upon reaching an acquisition criterion of 8 consecutive avoidance trials, animals were removed from the apparatus and exposed to 1 of 4 doses of ethanol (0, 1.0, 2.0, or 2.5 g/kg), and either naloxone (3 mg/kg) or saline. Rats were then returned to the conditioning apparatus with the shock turned off, and resistance to extinction was assessed. Ethanol had biphasic effects with low doses (1 g/kg) facilitating, and higher doses (2 and 2.5 g/kg) suppressing number of extinction responses by comparison to controls. Naloxone did not influence the course of extinction, and did not reverse any of the effects of ethanol. These results did not support the hypothesis that the effects of ethanol on aversively-motivated behavior are opioid-mediated. PMID- 6536287 TI - Delay in brain growth induced by alcohol in artificially reared rat pups. AB - The effect of alcohol on body and brain growth of the neonatal rat was examined. An artificial rearing procedure was used to administer a milk formula containing 2.8% alcohol to rat pups during days 4-10 postpartum. Mean blood alcohol levels taken at hourly intervals between feelings at the end of the second day of exposure ranged between 151 and 163 mg/dl. Body growth in both groups of artificially reared pups was similar to that of the suckle control pups. Gross measurements indicated that while alcohol exposure did not arrest body growth, it did arrest several parameters of brain growth. There were deficits in brain weight and volume and in the brain weight to body weight ratio. Furthermore, there were sex-related differences. The brain weight to body weight ratio was significantly decreased in females and there was also a trend toward a greater deficit in brain volume as well. However, deficits in gross measures were not reflected in the development of the hippocampal formation. Areal measurements of the hippocampus and dentate gyrus failed to indicate any differential effects on the growth of the pyramidal and granule cell layers, or their dendritic fields and corresponding Timm-stained sublaminae, due to the alcohol exposure. These data suggest that the blood alcohol concentrations reached in the present study may be near the threshold dose for producing deficits in brain growth, and that the females have a lower threshold than the males. PMID- 6536286 TI - The impact of legal provisions on barroom behavior: toward an alcohol-problems prevention policy. AB - State and local legal provisions have a major impact on a community's drinking patterns in licensed drinking establishments. State Alcoholic Beverage Control (ABC) laws regulate how many (if any) bars are permissible in a given locale; set standards for management practice; set limitations on location and design; establish who may have ownership interests; and establish price guidelines, either directly through price maintenance statutes or indirectly through excise tax policy. State law may also hold bar owners liable for injuries caused by their drunk or underaged patrons to members of the general public ("dram shop" laws and case decisions). This paper reviews the scope and character of these legal provisions, discusses their potential role in preventing alcohol-related problems, and analyzes the inadequacy of most existing bar studies for developing public health policy measures. It concludes with a discussion of a prevention strategy ("server intervention") and an agenda for future research studies. PMID- 6536288 TI - Ethanol-induced conditioned taste aversion to ethanol. AB - A single injection of 2.5 g/kg ethanol one hr after drinking a 10% ethanol-0.05% saccharin solution produced a persistent conditioned taste aversion to the ethanol-saccharin solution. Twelve pairings produced a still stronger aversion that generalized to an aversion to a 10% ethanol solution without saccharin. Unpaired presentations of ethanol-saccharin solution and ethanol injections prevented the subsequent development of an aversion from a single pairing. Twelve pairings of access to saccharin solution with ethanol injections produced an aversion that generalized to an ethanol-saccharin solution. All groups receiving 12 alternate-day ethanol injections developed tolerance to the hypothermic effect of ethanol, but the tolerance was not conditioned to the drinking fluids previously paired with ethanol injections and it was unrelated to the subsequent drinking behaviors. PMID- 6536289 TI - Alteration of alcohol drinking in the rat by peripherally self-administered acetaldehyde. AB - The effects of intravenous acetaldehyde or saline self-injection and feeding regimes on oral alcohol consumption in rats was examined. The alcohol solutions offered to the animals was increased systematically in concentrations from 3 to 30%, according to a three-bottle, two-choice technique. Results suggest that (1) acetaldehyde pre-treatment using a self-injection procedure induces increased consumption of alcohol, the effect being particularly marked when coupled with conditions of food-deprivation (2) food-deprivation alone may be capable of inducing increased alcohol intake and this effect may persist even when deprivation is terminated (3) the combination of acetaldehyde and food deprivation is most effective when food-deprivation follows a period of free feeding. These findings provide support for an involvement of acetaldehyde in the development of an animal's preference for alcohol. PMID- 6536290 TI - Experimentally induced glucose intolerance increases oral ethanol intake in rats. AB - A number of studies have shown a relationship between glucose tolerance and ethanol intake. The present study uses a relatively simple procedure to induce glucose intolerance to test whether this condition is sufficient to produce an increase in chronic ethanol intake in male rats. Subjects were divided equally into four groups where they were given access to one of four solutions: peppermint-flavored sucrose (40%), peppermint-flavored saccharin (0.1%), peppermint in water (0.1%), or water alone presented three times a week, for a period of 11 weeks. After 12 weeks all animals were subjected to an oral glucose tolerance test which revealed that the chronically prepared sucrose animals had become glucose intolerant. At the start of week 13 all animals were given access to a 6% ethanol solution flavored with peppermint in place of the previous solutions for a period of 11 weeks. Sucrose animals displayed an immediate preference for ethanol and consumed approximately three times more ethanol than the remaining groups. The results of this study indicate that rats that are made glucose intolerant by long term access to a high concentration of sucrose, when given the opportunity, will subsequently choose to drink more ethanol than control animals. PMID- 6536291 TI - Temperature dependence of ethanol depression in C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice. AB - The relationship between environmental temperature, body temperature and brain sensitivity to ethanol was investigated in male C57BL/6S and BALB/cS mice. Age matched, drug-naive mice of both strains were injected with 3.6 g/kg ethanol (20% w/v) and placed into a chamber kept at one of eight designated temperatures from 12 to 36 degrees C. Chamber temperature significantly affected wake-up rectal temperatures, sleep-times and wake-up brain ethanol concentrations in the intoxicated mice. Wake-up rectal temperatures were significantly, positively correlated with sleep-times and significantly, negatively correlated with wake-up brain ethanol concentrations in both strains. Linear regression analyses indicated that up to 47% of the variability in ethanol sensitivity of C57 mice and up to 31% of the variability in sensitivity of BALB mice could be accounted for by their wake-up rectal temperatures suggesting that the effects of ambient temperature on ethanol sensitivity were mediated, in part, by the resultant body temperatures. These results replicate and extend previous findings and demonstrate that temperature dependence of ethanol depression is not strain specific. The correlational and regression analyses provide additional evidence that brain sensitivity to ethanol depression varies with body temperature in accordance with membrane perturbation theories of anesthesia. PMID- 6536292 TI - Cholinergic role in alcohol's effects on evoked potentials in visual cortex of the albino rat. AB - Photic evoked potentials were recorded from the visual cortex of chronically implanted albino rats. Since photic evoked potential components are representations of neural pathways which are activated during photic stimulation, study of the effects of alcohol on these components may help to trace pathways which are affected by alcohol. In the present study, evoked potentials were recorded at 5, 20, and 40 min following IP injections of saline, ethanol (2.0 g/kg), physostigmine (0.6 mg/kg) or atropine (15.0 mg/kg) on separate days. Ethanol depressed the amplitudes of most evoked potential components in comparison to saline administration. Component P2, however, was increased in amplitude. Physostigmine briefly reduced the amplitude of most components, including P2. In contrast, atropine increased the amplitudes of components P1 and P2, while decreasing components N1, N2 and N3 for varying durations of time. Physostigmine pretreatment augmented the depressant effect of alcohol on the early components P1 and N1, while attenuating alcohol's influence on components P2 and P3. Pretreatment with atropine likewise further reduced the amplitudes of components P1 and N1, and produced a similar effect on component N3. Atropine, either alone or in combination with alcohol, produced approximately the same degree of enhancement of component P2. In comparison to saline values, all three agents produced reliable increases in peak latency for most of the components, with only N3 showing no effects. The amplitude data from this study suggest that ethanol's augmentation of component P2 may result, at least in part, from alterations in cholinergic functions. PMID- 6536293 TI - Rat blood pressure during ethanol withdrawal. AB - Hypertension appears to be a clinical sign of ethanol withdrawal. In an effort to see if hypertension is a general consequence of ethanol withdrawal, we have monitored blood pressure and heart rate in conscious rats during ethanol withdrawal. Sprague-Dawley rats were placed in Plexiglas chambers and exposed for 3 weeks to either ethanol vapor in air or to air alone. Blood ethanol levels in the ethanol treated group averaged 178 +/- 9 mg/dl during the last 2 weeks of ethanol exposure. Four to 18 hours prior to blood pressure measurement, rats were removed from the ethanol chambers, briefly anesthetized with halothane and implanted with an indwelling abdominal aortic cannula. Rats were either returned to the Plexiglas chambers and re-exposed to ethanol or air overnight or withdrawn from ethanol. Blood pressure and heart rate were then monitored at various periods from 5 hours to 4 days following the cessation of ethanol exposure. Analysis of variance revealed a significant decrease in blood pressure and heart rate in rats exposed to ethanol vapor as compared to controls. There was a significant negative correlation between the average blood ethanol levels, taken during ethanol exposure, and systolic blood pressure at 5 hours, 2 days and 3 days following cessation of ethanol exposure. These signs of hypotension and bradycardia indicate that hypertension is not a consequence of ethanol withdrawal in all animals. PMID- 6536294 TI - Alcohol, stroke, hypertension and the heart. Introduction and overview. PMID- 6536295 TI - Identification of aldehyde dehydrogenase resistant to cyanamide and disulfiram inhibition. PMID- 6536296 TI - Alcohol drinking in Jerusalem. AB - Alcohol use was assessed in a random sample of middle aged Jewish parents (1043 men and 591 women) who were interviewed at Visit 2 of the Lipid Research Clinics Prevalence Study in Jerusalem in 1976-80. A standard questionnaire probed drinking frequency (times per week) and quantity (number of drinks per week). Only 15.7% of men and 3.8% of women drank more than twice weekly, the mean number of drinks being 3.5 and 1.3 for men and women respectively. Teetotalism was rare and most subjects (61.9% of men and 55.1% of women) drank once or twice weekly, reflecting the high proportion of the Jews who use wine for sacramental purposes. Immigrants from North Africa drank more than native born Israelis or immigrants from Asia or Europe. Drinking was most frequent among men in lower status occupations, though the opposite was true of their wives. Season had a marked impact on the quantity and type of drinking, the mean number of drinks per week reaching a maximum in late winter and a minimum in summer. More beer was consumed in summer and more spirits in winter. PMID- 6536297 TI - The use of the Severity of Alcohol Dependence Questionnaire (SADQ) on a sample of problem drinkers presenting at a district general hospital. AB - Severity of alcohol dependence and patients' consistency of responses to the Severity of Alcohol Dependence Questionnaire (SADQ) were investigated in a sample of 127 problem drinkers, presenting to either medical or psychiatric services of a district general hospital. Nearly 2/3 of the sample were found to be mild to moderate drinkers. Intercorrelations of the sections of the questionnaire were highly significant for the total sample. However, in mildly dependent drinkers, consistency between sections was less marked. Implications for treatment and research are discussed. PMID- 6536298 TI - [Legal consequences of drunk driving from the occupational, social and insurance law point of view]. PMID- 6536299 TI - [Experiences with the Alcotest 7310 alcohol breath test over a 6-month test period in the city of Cologne]. PMID- 6536300 TI - [The expert witness in traffic court procedures]. PMID- 6536301 TI - [Acceleration of alcohol elimination by metoprolol (Beloc, Lopresor)]. PMID- 6536302 TI - [Intent or negligence in drunk driving at high speed from the viewpoint of the criminal lawyer]. PMID- 6536303 TI - [Experimental studies on the question of the threshold value of alcohol-induced loss of ability in bicycle riding]. PMID- 6536305 TI - [The alcohol traffic offender in juvenile court practice. Criminological and sociological data and juvenile court sanction practice]. PMID- 6536304 TI - Interference of acetone with breath-alcohol testing. PMID- 6536306 TI - [Legal probation of young alcohol traffic offenders. Comparative investigation with and without post-schooling at the Munich juvenile Court]. PMID- 6536307 TI - [Alcohol-induced impairment in peripheral vision. Studies with the computerized perimeter OCTOPUS]. PMID- 6536308 TI - [Auditory function, especially frequency perception, under the influence of alcohol]. PMID- 6536309 TI - [Responsibility in alcohol offences from a judicial viewpoint]. PMID- 6536310 TI - [The formation of ethanol in fresh blood samples of diabetics]. PMID- 6536311 TI - [In vitro studies on the solubility of aliphatic alcohols in body tissues]. PMID- 6536312 TI - [The Frankfurt experiment. A group project with drunk traffic offenders under conditional discharge. I: Methods and judicial restrictions on tests of a new sanction for traffic offenders?]. PMID- 6536313 TI - [The Frankfurt experiment. A group project with drunk traffic offenders under conditional discharge. II: Psychological aspects of a new sanction for traffic offenders?]. PMID- 6536314 TI - [Animal experiments on blood alcohol curves in shock]. PMID- 6536315 TI - [The alcohol concentration in stomach and intestinal contents and its influence on postmortem diffusion]. PMID- 6536316 TI - [Blood alcohol concentrations following consumption of brandy chocolates]. PMID- 6536317 TI - [The accuracy of driver selection in cases of drunk driving. Results of a probation control]. PMID- 6536318 TI - [The probability of recidivism as a criterion of fitness in alcohol-related incidents among automobile drivers]. PMID- 6536319 TI - [The significance of the recidivism rate of participants in courses following the Mainz 77 model from recent viewpoints]. PMID- 6536320 TI - [Alcohol kinetics and food. Experiments with parenteral alcohol administration]. PMID- 6536321 TI - [The course of blood alcohol curves after drinking large quantities of alcohol]. PMID- 6536322 TI - [Systematic studies of the linearity and reproducibility of breath alcohol concentrations in long-term tests]. PMID- 6536323 TI - [Blood and breath alcohol concentrations (Alcotest 7010 and Alcotest 7310) in pathological ventilation conditions]. PMID- 6536324 TI - [The effect of ethanol on luminol-dependent chemiluminescence of leukocytes]. PMID- 6536325 TI - [Compulsory blood sampling]. PMID- 6536326 TI - [Execution of disciplinary powers in alcohol offences]. PMID- 6536327 TI - [In what percentage of road traffic accidents in the Federal Republic of Germany is alcohol impairment involved?]. PMID- 6536328 TI - Face memory and hemispheric preference: emotionality and extraversion. AB - Subjects made arousing or nonarousing judgments about photographs of strangers, then had an unannounced recognition test over the photographs. Emotional orienting tasks led to better retention than nonemotional tasks. Assuming emotionality is predominantly a right-hemisphere activity, then this result is consistent with other research showing a right-hemisphere advantage in processing faces. This difference was most clear for subjects with a right-hemisphere cognitive style. Extraversion had no effect on face recognition, nor did a subject's cognitive style seem to be associated with extraversion or neuroticism scores. PMID- 6536329 TI - Contralateral interference and ear advantages for identification of three-element patterns. AB - Recent experience with attempts to test relatively simple patterns such as three tone sequences in a traditional dichotic-listening paradigm indicates that when such sequences are used for both target and contralateral interference, performance tends to be low in both ears and not useful for measuring or comparing ear advantages in various target conditions. It is reported that tests with a variety of sounds presented contralaterally to three-element patterns show that several such sounds can (1) allow performance in at least one ear to remain above floor values, (2) result in performance in at least one ear that is below ceiling, and (3) reveal ear advantages that are similar in direction and magnitude to those seen with the traditional dichotic paradigm. PMID- 6536330 TI - Visual-spatial processing in deaf brain-damaged signers. AB - Sign language displays all the complex linguistic structure found in spoken languages, but conveys its syntax in large part by manipulating spatial relations. This study investigated whether deaf signers who rely on a visual spatial language nonetheless show a principled cortical separation for language and nonlanguage visual-spatial functioning. Four unilaterally brain-damaged deaf signers, fluent in American Sign Language (ASL) before their strokes, served as subjects. Three had damage to the left hemisphere and one had damage to the right hemisphere. They were administered selected tests of nonlanguage visual-spatial processing. The pattern of performance of the four patients across this series of tests suggests that deaf signers show hemispheric specialization for nonlanguage visual-spatial processing that is similar to hearing speaking individuals. The patients with damage to the left hemisphere, in general, appropriately processed visual-spatial relationships, whereas, in contrast, the patient with damage to the right hemisphere showed consistent and severe visual-spatial impairment. The language behavior of these patients was much the opposite, however. Indeed, the most striking separation between linguistic and nonlanguage visual-spatial functions occurred in the left-hemisphere patient who was most severely aphasic for sign language. Her signing was grossly impaired, yet her visual-spatial capacities across the series of tests were surprisingly normal. These data suggest that the two cerebral hemispheres of congenitally deaf signers can develop separate functional specialization for nonlanguage visual-spatial processing and for language processing, even though sign language is conveyed in large part via visual-spatial manipulation. PMID- 6536331 TI - Variations in patterns of lateral asymmetry among dextrals. AB - Evidence supporting individual variations in patterns of hemispheric involvement in the recognition of visuo-spatial and verbal stimuli among dextrals is reported. In Experiment 1, subjects' asymmetry scores on a task that was nonlateralized for the group as a whole were significantly correlated with their asymmetry scores on right-hemisphere-specialized tasks, including face recognition. In Experiment 2, subjects' asymmetry scores on a task that was nonlateralized for the group as a whole were significantly correlated with their asymmetry scores on a left-hemisphere-specialized word recognition task. These results suggest that individual dextrals' asymmetry scores on lateralized tasks are a joint function of a subject's underlying hemispheric specialization for that task and stable individual variations in asymmetric hemispheric reliance. PMID- 6536332 TI - Development of differences in response latencies to right and left visual fields. AB - Robust lateralization developed in right-handed adults who were asked to judge letter pairs as "same" or "different" during 4608 trials. By the end of the first two blocks (768 trials) "same" responses were favored when presented in the RVF (transmitted directly to the left hemisphere) and "different" responses were favored when presented in the LVF (transmitted direction to the right hemisphere). This gradually reversed over sessions with "same" responses becoming faster for letters presented in the LVF, and "different" responses becoming faster for stimuli presented in the RVF. The laterality acquired under these conditions was cumulative and reproducible, appeared in all 16 subjects, and was preserved between sessions a week apart. The data suggest that laterality is a flexible and reversible characteristic of the human brain even when stimulus and task remain constant. PMID- 6536333 TI - Social support and vulnerability: state of the art in relation to families and children. AB - The purpose of this presentation is to review the concepts of social support and vulnerable families and children, propose a theoretical model on coping and adaptation, and ascertain any significant implications for the delivery of health care services and future research. The review of the literature indicates that major problems persist in the classification, conceptualization, empirical investigation, and clinical application of social support due to a lack of clarity regarding the definition of social support and how it works. Related perspectives such as bonding, child development, and child rearing also reaffirm the need for and the utilization of social support. High-risk factors, such as low maternal age, poverty, single parenthood, and long-term health problems, increase the vulnerability of families and children. This literature strongly suggests that the interactions of adults and children with supportive members of their social networks are important in the development of essential cognitive and social skills, as well as for the promotion of security and comfort. Supports from individuals, families, and groups also are associated with more successful adaptation and favorable outcomes. Despite numerous articles and research projects, however, questions concerning how social support works to assist vulnerable children and families remain. Seven factors are proposed as a theoretical model to identify threatening situations and coping difficulties so that appropriate support can be provided. These factors are surprise, experience, confusion, perceived effectiveness, perceived allies, perceived uniqueness of threat, and overload. Additional testing is required for this model so that a more meaningful investigation and utilization of social support can be established. Additional research also is indicated to determine the specific types of support needed in the presence of certain factors, network style preferences, the supply and demand for support over the life span, and cultural aspects of coping and support processes. The position that appropriate social support will promote mastery and self-determination has significant implications for health professionals. PMID- 6536334 TI - Information needs and problem solving behavior of parents of infants. AB - Two approaches were used to investigate the problems or issues that parents of infants encounter: the study of circumstances that are naturally recognized by the parent as an issue, and the study of simulated problems concerning commonly occurring infant care issues. A paradigm of problem solving behavior was used to formulate the component of a descriptive study for the purpose of examining the problem solving behavior of mothers during their infants' first 3 months. Mothers who participated in both studies were married or living with a partner, were 17 years or older, and had healthy infants. The objective of the first study was to capture in the mothers' own terms their specification and description of the issues on which they were working and the nature of the infant care task, including the types of help mothers used and the stressors and supports they experienced. Logs were used by 62 mothers (38 primiparae and 24 multiparae) for 90 days after their infants' births to record these issues, types of help, stressors, and supports. Predetermined categories were used to code the data. The type of help used varied significantly by category of issue. Books were used most frequently for issues of growth and development and baby care, and they were used more often than all types of clinicians combined for these types of issues. For over one-third of issues, no help of any type was used. Multiparae and primiparae did not differ significantly in the total number of issues reported, nor in the frequency with which help was used. The objective of the second study was to examine the types of goals and decision making rules that mothers applied to two simulated infant care problems: one concerning the amount of the feeding, and the second concerning noncontingent crying. Four simulated problem exercises were presented to 22 mothers (14 primiparae and 8 multiparae), using a telephone interview in the infants' first 3 months. The results of the study revealed that mothers gave a variety of names to the same problem. The types of goals that mothers identified varied by type of problem. More mothers cited competence as a goal for the crying than the feeding problem. More mothers were able to state the decision rule they had used for naming the problem than for choice of action to solve the problem (implementing).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6536335 TI - Social networks and social support of primigravida mothers and fathers. AB - Most researchers have examined the effects of stress and social support on pregnancy outcomes without identifying the relationship between social support and social network factors. While the type and amount of support have been shown to be related to pregnancy outcomes, the sources of that support and the influence of network structure on a person's supportive resources have not been defined. Network factors, in fact, may predict perceived support or may explain more of the variance in pregnancy outcomes than social support does alone. The objectives of this study were to describe the social networks of primigravida women and their husbands; to determine if there are any differences in social networks based on gender, education, or income; and to examine the relationships among network characteristics, demographic characteristics, and perceived availability of support from network members. The 54 couples who composed the sample for this study were recruited through local physicians who provided the names of all clients who were primigravidas, living with the father of the child, and residing within 25 miles of Ann Arbor, Michigan. During the third trimester of pregnancy, couples were interviewed in their homes, and each parent completed a Social Network Inventory (SNI). The SNI obtained information about the size of the network, role relationships, frequency of contact, percent of uniplex relationships, and degree of overlap with spouse's social network. In addition, parents were provided with definitions of each of House's (1981) four types of social support and asked to indicate which forms of support they received from each network member. Both individual variables (age and educational level) and network structure variables (size, percent kin, percent females, frequency, and density) were significantly associated with the amount of perceived social support. For each type of support, the independent variables associated with support were different for men and women. PMID- 6536336 TI - Social support of teenage mothers. AB - The purpose of this paper is to report the social support perceived as available by teenage mothers during their first year of motherhood and the correlation of perceived social support with maternal role attainment variables. Social support was one of 11 independent variables studied for their impact on the maternal role for three age groups of first-time mothers: 15-19, 20-29, and 30-42 years. Social support described was categorized into four types--informational, emotional, physical, and appraisal--and by the network size. Sixty-six teenagers agreed to participate in the study, and they were interviewed in the hospital during early postpartum and in their homes or a setting of their choice at 1,4,8, and 12 months after birth. This highly mobile population was difficult to follow, and there was a subject loss over the year of 39.4% (N = 26). During early postpartum, the only type of support to correlate with maternal attachment (one of the two maternal role attainment variables measured at that time) was informational support, and teenagers had received significantly less than older women. There were no significant correlations of any of the support variables with the teenagers' perceptions of their neonate, the second measure of maternal role attainment. Teenagers received less emotional support from mates and from parents than older women. At 1 month postpartum, teenagers received less emotional support than older mothers, but reported more informational support. Support variables failed to correlate with maternal role attainment measures of perceptions of the neonate, ways of handling irritating child behaviors, or infants' growth and development. Physical and emotional support correlated positively with feelings of love for the infant, and informational and emotional support correlated positively with gratification in the mothering role. Physical support correlated positively with maternal competency behaviors. At 4 months after birth, teenagers continued to receive less emotional support than older mothers, but there were no differences in other types of support received. Physical support correlated positively with maternal gratification in the role, infants' growth and development, and maternal competency behaviors. Other types of support and the size of the network did not correlate with any of the maternal role attainment variables. Teenagers continued to receive less emotional support than older mothers at 8 months after birth, although there were no differences in other types of support received. The support variables failed to correlate significantly with any of the five maternal role attainment variables at this time.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6536337 TI - Supportive measures for high-risk infants and families. AB - The experience of providing a 3-month nursing program of care to infants and their families with physical, health, and social-environmental risks is presented. An individualized case approach was used which first involved a nursing assessment of the family, infant, and environmental needs and then was followed by subsequent appropriate nursing intervention. Brammer's conceptual model about the helping process was used to assist the analysis of the success or failure experienced in assisting these high-risk families. The differences that emerged were in the mothers' involvement in the exploration phase which involves goal setting. Families with incomplete progression through the helping process not only participated in less mutual decision making, but they were also less open to the initial assessment phase and had higher social risk. The nurses had less total contact with the uninvolved families. A brief description of a subsequent approach to provide effective nursing to a socially high-risk group of pregnant women is given. The approach involves a more extended period of intervention and emphasizes the development of a therapeutic relationship. PMID- 6536338 TI - The Norbeck Social Support Questionnaire. AB - The purpose of this paper is to summarize the development and testing of the Norbeck Social Support Questionnaire (NSSQ) and to discuss several issues that have arisen in recent use of the instrument. The NSSQ is a self-administered questionnaire that measures multiple dimensions of social support. Three functional properties--affect, affirmation, and aid--from Kahn's (1979) definition of social support are measured. The network properties of size, stability (duration of relationships), and accessibility (frequency of contact) are also measured, as well as changes in the convoy or support system due to losses of relationships. Nine categories are used to determine sources of support. Graduate students of nursing (N = 130) were used as subjects for several studies to test reliability and validity, and employed adults (N = 136) were used for additional validity testing and to provide normative data. Reliability was established through analysis of internal consistency and test-retest measures taken a week apart. Very high levels of internal consistency and test-retest reliability were found for the functional and network properties, and medium levels for the loss items. At a 7-month retesting, medium levels of stability were found, and the instrument was sensitive to changes in the network composition over time. Although the network composition changed, the overall level of functional support remained stable. Validity of the NSSQ was tested in relation to response bias and concurrent, construct, and predictive validity. The results indicated that the instrument is free from the response bias of social desirability. Medium levels of concurrent validity were shown with two other social support instruments. Construct validity was demonstrated by significant associations between NSSQ measures and two interpersonal constructs expected to be related to social support, while no significant relationships were found between the NSSQ measures and an unrelated interpersonal construct. Predictive validity was tested by examining the hypothesis that social support serves as a buffer for life stress. Among the functional properties, the interaction of aid and life stress accounted for 13.2% of the variance in negative mood. Of the network properties, duration of relationships had significant main and interaction effects, accounting together for 19.3% of the variance in negative mood. Normative data from a sample of employed adults provide means and standard deviations for each subscale and variable of the NSSQ, as well as descriptive data about sources of support.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6536339 TI - Evaluation of the Personal Resource Questionnaire: a social support measure. AB - The purpose of this study was to further the psychometric evaluation of the Personal Resource Questionnaire (PRQ). The PRQ was developed to measure social support as a multidimensional construct. The PRQ is a two part measure of social support. Part 1 consists of life situations in which one might be expected to need some assistance. It provides descriptive information about the person's resources, whether or not they have experienced the situation in the past 6 months, and their satisfaction with these resources. Part 2 contains a 25-item Likert scale that measures the respondent's level of perceived social support. The questionnaire can be self-administered, requires approximately 10 minutes to complete, and is easily scored for use with various statistical techniques. Based on data generated by the author and on three additional data sets provided by collaborating researchers, psychometric properties of the PRQ were investigated. There was sound evidence to rule out the explanation that the respondent's answers on the PRQ reflect a reporting simply of socially desirable answers. There were no significant differences between the scores for women and the scores for men on either Part 1 or Part 2 of the PRQ. Evidence was provided to substantiate criterion-related validity. Part 2 of the PRQ was predictive of dyadic consensus. Likewise, initial validation of construct validity was evident. Part 2 of the PRQ is correlated with mental health indicators. Yet, the analyses indicate that there is reason to believe that the PRQ is not simply another way of measuring the construct of depression and anxiety. Consistently strong estimates of reliability, determined by the use of Cronbach's alpha, were obtained indicating a high level of internal consistency for the PRQ-Part 2. This report of the early psychometric evaluation of the PRQ can provide researchers with information which can guide their use of this social support measure. There are now some established base line profiles of responses for comparisons. The validity and reliability of the PRQ are sufficiently established so as to permit the continued use of the tool with some level of confidence in interpreting the results. PMID- 6536340 TI - Social support as a factor in the development of parents' attachment to their unborn. AB - Two studies are discussed which have investigated the association between aspects of social support and parents' attachment to their unborn children. The first study involved interviews of 30 women in the third trimester of pregnancy and utilized a broad conceptualization of social support measured by a questionnaire developed for the study. Overall social support was positively associated with the woman's attachment to her fetus; support from health care professionals was more highly correlated with attachment (.74) than was support from family and friends (.25). The second study utilized questionnaires from 326 couples to investigate the relationship between fetal attachment and satisfaction with the marital relationship. Results revealed a positive association between marital relationship and attachment to the fetus for both men and women. Implications for further research are discussed. PMID- 6536341 TI - Anthropometric measurements of the newborn infant (27 to 41 gestational weeks). PMID- 6536342 TI - [Cell aging. The model of cultured mouse embryo fibroblasts]. PMID- 6536343 TI - [Normal and pathologic anatomy of the macula]. PMID- 6536344 TI - [Senile macular degeneration and classic visual functions]. PMID- 6536345 TI - [Pleoptic and orthoptic reflections and proposals]. PMID- 6536346 TI - [Evaluation of macular function in opacities of the ocular media]. PMID- 6536347 TI - [Electrophysiology of senile macular degeneration]. PMID- 6536348 TI - [Spontaneous evolution of senile disciform degeneration of the macula]. PMID- 6536350 TI - [Visual aids for advanced senile macular degeneration]. PMID- 6536351 TI - [Symposium on senile macular degeneration. Round table]. PMID- 6536349 TI - [Trabeculectomy. Long-term results of 247 cases (2-101/2-years-old)]. PMID- 6536352 TI - [Treatment of open-angle glaucoma by means of argon-laser trabeculoplasty]. PMID- 6536353 TI - [Clinical value of examination of the corneal endothelium by specular microscopy]. PMID- 6536354 TI - [Posterior chamber implants and cystoid edema of the macula]. PMID- 6536355 TI - [Ophthalmoscopic appearance of vitelliform discs of the macula]. PMID- 6536356 TI - [Vitelliform disc and pseudo-hypopyon: morphologic characteristics of certain pre retinal hemorrhages]. PMID- 6536358 TI - [Senile macular degeneration. Definition and classification]. PMID- 6536357 TI - [Idiopathic familial juxtafoveolar retinal telangiectasias]. PMID- 6536359 TI - Do we need medical oncologists? PMID- 6536360 TI - Fluid and electrolyte disorders. Magnesium. AB - Magnesium is the second most abundant intracellular cation but it is still not measured often enough. It is closely linked with other electrolytes such as calcium, potassium, and phosphate so that the correct clinical interpretation of abnormal results can be complex. PMID- 6536363 TI - "It's me bowels". AB - Abnormal gastrointestinal symptoms are an obsession with some patients and come to dominate their lives. The normality of the investigations frequently contrasts sharply with the misery they proclaim, and suggests they may be suffering from the irritable bowel syndrome. PMID- 6536361 TI - Trace elements in psychiatric illness. AB - Trace elements play an active role in various metabolic processes of the body. Current evidence suggests that a disturbance in the concentration of trace elements can produce various psychiatric symptomatology. The precise role of these micronutrients needs further elucidation in view of their potential importance in the field of treatment and prevention. PMID- 6536362 TI - Cervical bruits and asymptomatic carotid stenosis. AB - Since carotid artery atheromata can underlie 50 per cent of strokes, difficulties over the value of surgery have arisen in two groups of patients: those with cervical bruits discovered during routine neurovascular examination; and those being prepared for cardiac or aortoiliac surgery who are known to be at risk of peroperative stroke. PMID- 6536364 TI - Holiday home lettings and overseas earnings. PMID- 6536365 TI - Left coronary-pulmonary artery fistulae in a subject with mitral stenosis: a case report. PMID- 6536366 TI - [Comparison between non-invasive indices and myocardial contractility]. PMID- 6536367 TI - [Campylobacter jejuni enteritis in Fujian]. PMID- 6536368 TI - [Survey on the Campylobacter jejuni carrier state in healthy children in rural areas]. PMID- 6536369 TI - [Survey on an outbreak of Campylobacter enteritis in a family]. PMID- 6536370 TI - [Spread of Campylobacter jejuni infection in a nursery]. PMID- 6536371 TI - [A survey of Q fever at the shore of Lake Aibi, Boertala area, Xinjiang Autonomous Region]. PMID- 6536372 TI - [A survey on the cause of blood hypertension in residents of the city of Yanji]. PMID- 6536373 TI - [An epidemiological survey on essential hypertension in the Gulou district of East City, Beijing]. PMID- 6536374 TI - [A community hypertension control program in the Gulou district of East City, Beijing]. PMID- 6536375 TI - [Serological response to leptospiral vaccine injected using different schedules]. PMID- 6536376 TI - [A seasonal observation on the infection of a pig herd by Yersinia enterocolitica]. PMID- 6536377 TI - [Report of 3 cases infected with Yersinia enterocolitica]. PMID- 6536378 TI - [Occupational impact of type B viral hepatitis]. PMID- 6536379 TI - Symposium on implants in foot surgery. PMID- 6536380 TI - The STA operation for the pronated foot in childhood. AB - The STA operation is a modified subtalar arthroereisis that uses an endoprosthesis manufactured from ultrahigh-molecular-weight polyethylene. It is fashioned into the shape of a small peg and implanted into the dorsal surface of the calcaneus. Its purpose is to eliminate abnormal pronation, correct heel valgus, and produce an increase of the medial longitudinal arch. PMID- 6536381 TI - The infected implant. AB - In summary, I believe that when faced with a definitely diagnosed deep infection involving a joint replacement of the foot, the treatment of choice is incision and drainage of the wound with removal of the implant and all necrotic bone and soft tissue. Postoperatively, some form of drainage-promoting system should be instituted. Three techniques for promoting drainage have been discussed: open packing, which technically is the easiest to accomplish, but necessitates either delayed primary closure, healing by secondary intention, or in some cases skin grafting; this obviously increases disability time; standard closed suction irrigation, which has the advantage of primary wound closure but the disadvantage of requiring around-the-clock supervision to ensure against blockage of fluid flow, especially through the egress tube; and the Sorto modification of the one tube in-out drainage system, which has the same advantage as closed suction irrigation (primary wound closure) without the risk of blockage of the egress tube. The key to successful management of an infected implant is immediate and aggressive treatment once a definitive diagnosis is made. Although the systemic use of antibiotics is an important adjunct in the total treatment plan, one must think in terms of altering the local environment in which the offending organisms grow and multiply. This is best accomplished by decompressing the infected wound by incision and drainage; removing all necrotic tissue or foreign bodies (that is, implants); and continuously promoting drainage postoperatively. Parenteral antibodies are only effective if the blood system through which they travel reaches the local site of infection. This cannot readily occur in the presence of increased soft-tissue tension created by an infectious process. In the words of Louis Pasteur, when dealing with an infection, "The bacteria is nothing, it is the environment in which it grows that is everything." PMID- 6536383 TI - Ankle implants. PMID- 6536382 TI - Pins, wires, and staples in foot surgery. AB - Steinmann's pins, Kirschner wires, staples, and suture wire (commonly referred to as monofilament wire or flexible wire) are implantable materials used in all phases of podiatric surgery. Their main purpose is for temporary fixation of fractures, fusions, bone grafts, and osteotomies and for stabilization of soft tissue corrections. PMID- 6536384 TI - Biomechanics of implanted joints of the foot. AB - Joint implants in the foot have contributed much to reducing deformity and pain. They can act as spacers to improve cosmetic appearance; they can increase or decrease motion in joints, while adding stability; and they can replace arthritic or diseased joints and reduce their associated symptoms. They cannot produce normal function of the foot. There is a great need to know more about the long range effects of implanted joints on foot function and the associated compensations that invariably occur. This knowledge will lead to improved criteria for the existing implants and new designs and materials for the implants yet to come. PMID- 6536385 TI - A new implant for the metatarsophalangeal joint. AB - A double-stemmed metatarsophalangeal joint silicone implant has been designed to act as a flexible weightbearing spacer for a number of conditions that affect the metatarsophalangeal joint. The preliminary results show that surgical treatment is feasible for conditions that were previously only marginally successfully treatable. With the exception of lesser metatarsal osteotomies, the prognosis for metatarsophalangeal joint procedures has always been poor. This implant spacer warrants an expanded evaluation for the treatment of lesser metatarsal maladies. Longer-term results are necessary to evaluate those areas of greatest benefit. PMID- 6536386 TI - Hemi-implants in foot surgery. AB - Hemi-implants, when first marketed, seemed the answer for a shortened nonfunctional hallux that sometimes followed a Keller bunionectomy. Then a few years later, with the use of the total implant, the hemi- plant was all but forgotten. It is the author's opinion that there are still many situations in which the hemi-implant has advantages over a Keller bunionectomy or total implant. PMID- 6536387 TI - The angled great toe implant (Swanson design/Weil modification) in the surgical reconstruction of the first metatarsophalangeal joint. AB - This article deals with implant arthroplasty using the angled great toe implant. Specific terminology is defined. Emphasis is on implant design, criteria for patient selection, and the operative procedure. Postoperative care and complications are briefly touched on. PMID- 6536388 TI - Symposium on rehabilitation of the foot. PMID- 6536389 TI - A positive approach to rehabilitation involving the foot. AB - Rehabilitation represents a total approach to patient care: the relief of pain, the restoration of the maximal level of function, and the maintenance of restored function in a pain-free state, mentally, psychologically, vocationally, and spiritually. As such, it implies a multidisciplinary approach to a complex set of problems and makes the use of a team approach imperative. PMID- 6536390 TI - Social implications of immobility. AB - The patient who loses his or her independence in the community inevitably forfeits the will to live. One factor that repeatedly surfaces is the inability of our society to realistically deal with immobility of the elderly. Of the estimated 95 per cent of the elderly who do not live in institutional settings (nursing homes), 43 per cent require assistance in some aspect of their daily lives. PMID- 6536391 TI - Consideration of patient evaluation and utilization. AB - Once the diagnosis has been established and the treatment aims have been projected, the areas of treatment should be identified along with the desired results, frequency of treatment, and other instructions and precautions to be observed. PMID- 6536392 TI - Some considerations and guidelines for crutch walking. AB - Crutch walking is a highly developed art and a physical accomplishment comparable to the most exacting of all sports. There are many advantages to early ambulation, namely, aiding circulation, preventing calcium loss in bones, and aiding the pulmonary and renal systems. It is necessary for the patient to be evaluated carefully, especially as regards selecting the proper gait and equipment to be used--that is, crutches, cane(s), parallel bars, walker, or walkette. PMID- 6536393 TI - Some guidelines for the use of physical modalities. AB - Physical therapy should be thought of in the same manner as any form of therapy, with its indications, contraindications, and side effects. The clinician should set up priorities in this form of treatment, which will be dictated by the disease or condition to be treated or by the complaints of the patient. Pain is usually a top priority, followed by swelling and biomechanical problems, including contractures. PMID- 6536395 TI - Therapeutic modalities and procedures. Part II: Hydrotherapy and ultraviolet. AB - Hydrotherapy is the external application of water for therapeutic purposes. The therapeutic devices used for producing ultraviolet radiation are the hot quartz or mercury vapor lamp, the cold quartz lamp, the sun lamp with a tungsten filament, the carbon are unit, and the black light or Wood's filter for diagnostic fluorescence. PMID- 6536394 TI - Therapeutic modalities and procedures. Part I: Cold and Heat. AB - Therapeutic cold, or cryotherapy, has the cooling of the tissues as its primary effect. Based on the mode of application and duration of exposure, the basic physiologic effects are sedation, refrigeration, and the possibility of tissue destruction, Therapeutic heat is usually applied for two physical effects: superficial heat and deep heat. Hyperemia, sedation, and analgesia are the primary effects. PMID- 6536396 TI - Preventing diabetic foot problems. AB - It has been reported that when adequate foot care has been provided for the diabetic patient, the amputation rate could be reduced by as much as 50 to 75 per cent. Patient management and rehabilitation of the patient with diabetes mellitus must consider the individual and unusual needs of patients in more than a biologic or physiologic sense. PMID- 6536397 TI - Postphlebitic syndrome. AB - Postphlebitic syndrome occurs in 20 per cent of patients with deep vein thrombosis. Symptoms are nonspecific; they include heaviness, fatigue, pain, and vary from patient to patient. The signs of edema, skin pigmentation, dermatitis, varicosities, and ulceration are a result of the increased retrograde venous pressure secondary to the valve destruction by the phlebitic process. The aim of therapy is to improve venous support by graduated elastic stockings and to ensure good skin care and exercise. PMID- 6536398 TI - Lymphedema. AB - Lymphedema is swelling that results from the accumulation of lymph due to a malformation or obstruction of the lymphatic system. Once other causes (cardiac, renal, and hepatic) of lower extremity edema have been ruled out, categorization into primary and secondary lymphedema is undertaken. A complete history, physical, and laboratory evaluation is completed to diagnose the specific type of lymphedema and appropriate management is recommended. PMID- 6536399 TI - Rehabilitation of the person with arthritis of the ankle and foot. AB - When combined with skillful pharmacologic management, applying the full stock of biomechanical principles available to the rheumatoid foot and ankle is very effective in avoiding the need for surgery and slowing or preventing deformity. The general principles of arthritis rehabilitation also help restore function. When good medical management, joint protection, exercise, and energy conservation techniques are combined with psychosocial vocational therapy as needed, the crippling loss of function so often seen in the past can be largely avoided. PMID- 6536400 TI - Dance medicine. AB - Dance medicine is a subdivision of sports medicine that utilizes the same basic orthopedic concepts. It studies motions common to dance, which may not be common to other athletic activity, and the injuries that develop secondary to these peculiar movements. The best defense mechanism against injury and overuse syndrome development is a well-toned, strong, flexible body. Appropriate alignment and range of motion of large joints are necessities for dance activity. Biomechanical analyses are useful in treating and guiding the dancer through injuries that she may incur as well as prevention of such injuries. "Forcing the turnout" is a common problem with many dancers. This motion causes pedal pronation and a myriad of overuse syndromes that can be related to pronatory changes. PMID- 6536401 TI - Basic considerations for shoes, shoe modifications, and orthoses in foot care. AB - It is important to remember that appropriate padding and materials for the foot should be selected on the basis of indications and functional needs of the patient. It is important to remember that foot wear, as protection and foot covering, needs to be compatible with the foot and the patient's functional requirements. The foot, orthosis, and shoe must function as a unit and as part of the patient's ambulatory system. I have attempted to identify some of the basic considerations involved in shoe selection, shoe modification, and orthotic selection for patient's rehabilitation. This article is not intended to be a composite of all that is available but rather to serve as a primary view of the needs of the foot as part of total patient care in rehabilitation programs. There are also multiple forms of digital orthoses that comprise the area of orthodigita, including materials such as felt, silicone, and latex, to be used when appropriate. But a key factor mandates that maximal pain-free foot function be maintained to enhance the residuals to maximize total patient function. PMID- 6536402 TI - Symposium on podopediatrics. PMID- 6536403 TI - Development of gross motor skills in the normal child. AB - This article describes the various functional achievements attained by the normal child in his progress toward upright walking. The average ages at which such motor accomplishments occur are considered along with their normal time of appearance. PMID- 6536404 TI - Talipes equinovarus. AB - Talipes equinovarus is a complex triplane deformity of the foot and lower leg. Clubfoot should be treated early and aggressively--but gently. Conservative therapy is often successful if begun early. Surgery should follow a progressive approach. PMID- 6536405 TI - Corrective casting in infants. AB - With the exception of talipes equinovarus, there has been an unfortunate tradition of treating infant foot deformities with benign neglect. Most often the physician who confidently assures the trusting parent that the problem will be outgrown is not present at a later time when symptoms develop and someone else must manage the condition. The simple fact that the same foot conditions observed in infants appear in equal or greater numbers in older age groups suggests that some children are not outgrowing this problem. The concept of preventive podiatric medicine has enjoyed greater popularity in theory than in practice. The best opportunity for a podiatrist to render preventive care is to identify deformities in the newborn and treat them early and vigorously so that the child's first steps are taken on perfectly normal feet. This article details the author's 25 years of experience in the use of a unique conservative therapy and is intended to encourage its use for every child with a foot or leg disorder. PMID- 6536406 TI - The Ganley splint. Indications and usage. AB - The Ganley splint has been discussed in detail. The author has set forth a reliable protocol for the treatment of pediatric orthopedic deformities and has addressed the role of the Ganley splint in this regard. Finally, the use of the splint in specific disorders is discussed and suggestions for the practitioner have been made. PMID- 6536407 TI - Developmental flatfoot. AB - An overview of the clinical entity referred to as developmental flatfoot has been discussed. Specific reference has been made to its occurrence, etiology, identification, pathomechanics, clinical significance, and management rationale. This often overlooked, inconspicuous condition is the most common musculoskeletal abnormality affecting the foot of the child under 6 years of age. Recognition of the fact that the developmental flatfoot is the logical precursor of foot dysfunction, deformity, and resultant disability later in life will allow the practitioner to design a management program for today that will meet the foot health needs of tomorrow. PMID- 6536408 TI - Therapeutic considerations of the feet and lower extremities in the cerebral palsied child. AB - A general approach to the management of the cerebral palsied child has been described. Because the podiatric practitioner is often the recipient of parental inquiries concerning the possible therapy and lower limb management for their child with cerebral palsy, it is desirable to have a general awareness of how neurologically impaired children may be managed with regard to the lower extremity. Understanding the rationale for such therapeutic programs is helpful in outlining a specific course to follow when treating the foot posture of the dyslocomotive child. PMID- 6536409 TI - Biomechanical evaluation of the child. AB - This article attempts to provide a complete and systematic approach to conducting a thorough lower extremity biomechanical examination for the child. It is hoped that the material presented here will allow you, the practitioner, to conduct a thorough and relevant series of examination techniques. Once these techniques are perfected and performed efficiently, you will be capable of providing effective and appropriate care for your pediatric patients. PMID- 6536410 TI - Short-leg syndrome. AB - Short-leg syndrome, or asymmetry of length in the lower extremities, is a common orthopedic problem in children. It is vital to recognize normal bone function, bone growth, and potential growth when evaluating this syndrome. Classification of this problem is either structural or functional. Structural (real) short legs usually have trauma or congenital growth inequality as their etiology. Functional (apparent) short legs usually result from soft tissue contractures or foot function aberrations. The child's age determines the extent of our examination. The lower extremity should be segmented during examination to help determine the location of pathology. Measuring the deformity requires precise scientific procedures. The level of compensation must be determined. Foot, pelvic, and spinal compensations should be evaluated. Scanograms or orthoroentgenograms are useful in diagnosing, quantifying, and prognosing short-leg syndrome. Prediction of the projected discrepancy is accomplished by the Anderson et al. remaining growth charts. Common etiologic considerations include congenital, neuromuscular, infection, trauma-induced, and tumor-caused disorders. Treatment of short-leg syndrome is determined by classification. Structural problems may need heel elevation or a combination of heel elevation and orthotic control on a conservative basis. Functional problems may require neutral position control of the feet with orthotics and correction of soft tissue contractures. Resin foam or orthopedic shoe adjustment may be used in moderate discrepancies. Structural leg inequalities may be corrected by surgical epiphysiodesis. This bone growth retardation procedure is normally performed on the long limb in pediatric patients. Therapy is directed at correcting pelvic obliquity, gait and postural aberration. The end result should be a child with cosmetically acceptable and normal functioning lower extremities. PMID- 6536412 TI - Casting and orthotics for children. AB - The functional and behavioral aspects of children require age-dependent orthotic therapy. For excessive pronation, these age groups have been discussed: 7 to 18 months, 18 months to 3 years, 3 to 6 years, 6 to 10 years, and over 10 years. Intoeing, out-toeing, pes cavus, peroneal spastic flatfoot, calcaneal apophysitis, and os vesalianum therapies with orthotics have also been outlined. PMID- 6536411 TI - Angular and axial deformities of the legs of children. AB - Age is often a determining factor in establishing a treatment program for these axial and angular problems. As can be seen, the deformities of torsion are noticeable from early life. Any tibial torsion should be treated early, but an excessive medial range of motion in the infant leg with a corresponding adequate lateral range of motion of the limb may be cautiously observed. Medial femoral torsion is a normal early finding in the infant thigh. The problem becomes evident as the child matures without the corresponding reduction in femoral torsion, leading to a persistence of fetal or infantile alignment. The gait consequences are usually noticed at 4 to 8 years of age. The angular changes generally are a delayed finding noticed in stance. The bowleg may be associated with marked tibial torsion and picked up early but the Blount's patient has been traditionally definable at 2 years of age. Levin and Drennan may hasten the time of diagnosis with their radiographic criteria. Knock-knee is an alignment disturbance noticed during the early to mid-childhood years, age 4 to 8 years. The diagnosis is important, differentiating physiologic from torsion-related deformities, and treatment, if warranted, should not be delayed. Generally the earlier these problems are discovered, the more optimistic the prognosis. Since the pediatric limb is in a constant state of transition, there will be a perpetual argument as to the need or efficacy of various approaches to the problems of knock-knee and bowleg. If observation is the treatment of choice, the percentage of cases which go on to osteotomies and epiphyseal stapling will continue. For those with axial or angular deformities, degenerative arthritis of the knee may be forthcoming. Swanson, Greene, and Allis warned of problems becoming "unphysiologic." If we consider the epiphyseal malleability, not only to deformity but to correction, we can appreciate Lenoir's comment of "every day the problem goes untreated is a golden opportunity lost forever." Early, gentle conservative therapy, using splints and casting, is an approach which should be considered in appropriate early problems. PMID- 6536413 TI - Perioperative management of the infant and child. AB - The perioperative management of children is important and the concepts should be reviewed regularly by all surgeons. This article emphasizes the overall aspects of physical and psychological care which begins at the first office visit and continues through the postoperative period. The podiatrist must assess the child's growth and development, emotional status, psychological needs, and the requirements of anesthesia and surgery. PMID- 6536414 TI - Surgery for congenital deformities of the feet. AB - There are a multitude of congenital deformities that can occur in the feet. Some are very common and others are more remote. They can frequently be corrected with conservative care, such as splinting, casting, and various exercises over a period of time. Those that are not resolved by conservative measures can generally be surgically improved or corrected. A few conditions should be left for surgical resolution after maturity occurs. PMID- 6536415 TI - Pediatric foot surgery. AB - Muscle balance involves increasing or decreasing the relative strength of a muscle. It also includes redirection of muscle tendons to change their mechanical retrograde pull. Tendoachilles lengthening, gastrocnemius lengthening, anterior tendon teno-suspension, and the Kidner procedure exemplify this method. Muscle balancing is necessary whenever an imbalance exists. However, muscle balancing is usually only able to mildly effect joint position. It is important to eliminate a deforming muscle force and restore the balance of muscle power. Osteotomy to change internal bone shape is effective in pediatric foot surgery since malshape of the osseous structures is a major problem. The osteotomy is becoming a more important part of surgical treatment as a better understanding and recognition of the biomechanics of the foot and leg develops. The arthroerisis procedure for subtalar joint balance using implants is rapidly advancing. The concept that the subtalar joint can be balanced satisfactorily has been demonstrated. However, the lifetime implications are still unexplored. Joint stabilization with some motion still available at the subtalar is a leading concept in treating the foot. Fusion procedures are meant to realign malaligned joints and prevent further motion. They are applicable to pediatric foot surgery only in extreme conditions and in the growing foot at adolescence. PMID- 6536416 TI - Effect of dietary urea on blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats. AB - The feeding of a normal diet containing 13.5% urea (in place of protein in a high protein diet) attenuated the development of severe hypertension and decreased the incidence of stroke in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), when 1% NaCl solution was given to them. The urea not only increased urine volume, but also increased urinary sodium excretion in SHR given 1% NaCl for drinking. Although there was no obvious difference in erythrocyte size between the urea and the control groups, there was a significant inverse correlation between plasma urea level and erythrocyte size. These results suggest that a high protein diet reduced blood pressure partly through the diuretic effect of urea, the common metabolite of various proteins. PMID- 6536417 TI - Effects of Ca2+ antagonists on cardiovascular responses to posterior hypothalamic stimulation in the rat. AB - The effects of methoxyverapamil or hydralazine on pressor responses to posterior hypothalamic stimulation and injected pressor agents were studied in normotensive male Wistar rats. Methoxyverapamil inhibited both phases of pressor responses to hypothalamic stimulation and pressor responses to injected noradrenaline or angiotensin II. Hydralazine inhibited the secondary phase (due to adrenomedullary catecholamine) and not the primary phase (due to increased sympathetic vasomotor activity) of pressor response to hypothalamic stimulation. However, it inhibited the pressor responses to exogenous noradrenaline or angiotensin II. The data indicate that hydralazine is ineffective in inhibiting the pressor response elicited by noradrenaline endogenously released at the sympathetic nerve endings. PMID- 6536418 TI - Canine nonresponders to alveolar hypoxic vasoconstriction and quantitative restoration of the response by aspirin I-3. AB - Hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction is characterized by considerable variability in rate of response (pulmonary vascular resistance [PVR] as a function of time under hypoxia). To further define this response, forty-five closed chest dogs were anaesthetized (pentobarbitone sodium), intubated, and mechanically ventilated. Constant left lower lobar pulmonary artery flow was maintained through a balloon tipped 14F catheter via an extracorporeal pump at a rate to achieve lobar pulmonary artery pressure (Plobar) equal to main pulmonary artery pressure (PPA) and thereafter held constant. Left ventricular end diastolic pressure (PLVED) was measured by left ventricular catheter and lobar pulmonary artery flow rate (Q) by flow meter. Lobar PVR (mmHg/min per 1) was calculated every 15 min. Ventilation with 10% oxygen (O2) separated two groups based on the increase in PVR over time: twenty-two rapid hypoxic responders [HR] (slope= delta PVR/delta min greater than 0.3) and twenty-three slow or nonresponders [NR] (slope less than 0.1). The twenty-three NR were divided into two groups. Ten NR dogs (NR control) had no change in mean PVR (23.9, s.d. = 8.2, to 24.1, s.d. = 9.6) over a mean of 78 min and were used as controls. Thirteen NR dogs (NR ASA) had no change in mean PVR (32.9, s.d. = 9.5, to 32.3, s.d. = 9.8) over 75 min and were given aspirin (ASA), 10-15 mg/kg intra-arterially. The NR ASA group mean PVR then increased from 32.3 (s.d. = 9.8) to 59.1 (s.d. = 23.9, 82.9% increase, P less than 0.01) over a mean of 54 min. The mean PVR for the twenty-two HR rose from 39.8 (s.d. = 34.0) to 64.5 (s.d. = 36.6, 62.1% increase, P less than 0.01) over a mean of 72 min. The slopes of rate of response for HR (0.66) and for NR ASA (0.88) were not significantly different. The absolute values of PVR reached after plateau for HR and for NR ASA (after ASA) were also not different. Aspirin restored the NR capability to develop pulmonary vasoconstriction in response to alveolar hypoxia. The rate of response and the absolute level of response reached were also restored by aspirin. PMID- 6536419 TI - Differential blocking effects of prazosin and yohimbine on pressor responses to neuronally released and exogenously administered noradrenaline in the pithed rat. AB - The effects of prazosin and yohimbine on pressor responses to sympathetic nerve stimulation and intravenous injections of noradrenaline, phenylephrine and clonidine were examined in pithed rats to determine the postjunctional location of alpha 2-adrenoceptors in the vascular smooth muscle. Prazosin antagonized the pressor responses to phenylephrine and to sympathetic nerve stimulation more effectively than the responses to noradrenaline and to clonidine. Yohimbine antagonized the pressor responses to noradrenaline and to clonidine more effectively than the responses to sympathetic nerve stimulation and to phenylephrine. These results suggest that alpha 2-adrenoceptors as well as alpha 1-adrenoceptors produce vasoconstriction in the rat vasculature and support the hypothesis that alpha 1-adrenoceptors are predominantly located within the neuroeffector junction in contrast to an extrajunctional location of alpha 2 adrenoceptors. PMID- 6536420 TI - The possible involvement of adrenoceptors in the intestinal effect of morphine in mice. AB - The inhibitory effect of morphine on intestine was observed by following the intestinal transit of a charcoal meal. This inhibitory effect of morphine was antagonized by naloxone. In addition, the inhibitory effect of morphine was also suppressed by prior administration of yohimbine and phentolamine. However, prazosin, a selective alpha 1-adrenoceptor antagonist, had no effect on the inhibitory effect of morphine on intestinal transit. Furthermore, prior administration of propranolol did not alter this effect of morphine. These adrenoceptor antagonists by themselves, at the doses used, had no effect on the rate of intestinal transit of a charcoal meal in mice. These results suggest that alpha 2-adrenoceptors may be involved in the intestinal effect of morphine while alpha 1- and beta-adrenoceptors do not appear to play any significant role in this aspect of morphine action. PMID- 6536421 TI - The measurement of plasma thromboxane B2 and the effect of smoking. AB - Plasma thromboxane B2 (TxB2) was measured by radioimmunoassay using an iodinated ligand following extraction and further purification by thin layer chromatography. Venous blood was sampled into a syringe containing the cyclooxygenase inhibitor meclofenamate. Normal levels, 15 pg/ml (s.d. = 8, n = 21), were lower than usually reported and measured values increased several fold over 20 min sampling from an indwelling needle. With appropriate sampling there was a statistically insignificant increase in plasma TxB2 after subjects smoked two cigarettes (n = 11). An average decrease occurred in a control group (n = 10) and the difference between groups was of borderline significance (P less than 0.05). Smoking did not change TxB2 production associated with platelet aggregation induced in vitro by collagen, whereas plasma adrenaline increased significantly. The results emphasize the importance of the technique of sampling and assay in the measurement of plasma TxB2. PMID- 6536422 TI - Interaction of choline with nicotinic and muscarinic cholinergic receptors in the rat brain in vitro. AB - The ability of choline to interact with nicotinic receptors was investigated by measuring its ability to inhibit the specific binding of [3H]-nicotine in rat brain. Choline, with an IC50 of 241 mumol/l, was three times more potent than its analogue deanol and almost 1000-fold less potent than acetylcholine. Choline also inhibited the binding of the antagonist [3H]-quinuclidinyl benzilate (IC50 = 2.5 mmol/l) and of the agonist [3H]-oxotremorine-M (IC50 = 165 mumol/l) to muscarinic cholinergic receptors. These results indicate that choline is able to interact directly, in vitro with brain cholinergic receptors of both the nicotinic and muscarinic type. PMID- 6536423 TI - Antibody response following implantation of xenogenic lenticules. AB - Rabbits underwent implantation of either lyophilized or fresh porcine lenticules into the central or peripheral cornea. All animals were followed for up to four months by slit-lamp examination and macrophotography to determine implant rejection. Serum antibody levels to soluble porcine cornea extract were determined by an enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay. Only those animals receiving lenticules into the peripheral cornea experienced a rejection and developed an antibody response to the porcine cornea extract. The production of antibody preceded the appearance of vascularization of the implanted lenticules. Thus, the site of lenticule implantation, not the type of tissue preparation, determined the outcome of the graft. PMID- 6536424 TI - Corneal endothelial changes caused by ophthalmic drugs. AB - Morphological changes were examined in the corneal endothelium of rabbits after administration of several drugs widely used in ophthalmology. After administration of epinephrine and dipivalyl epinephrine eye drops, swelling of corneal endothelial cells developed; however, these changes were reversible. No pathological changes were observed in the corneal endothelial layer following the administration of timolol, betamethasone, and gentamicin eye drops. Morphological changes were observed in the corneal endothelial layer after the subconjunctival injection of timolol, betamethasone, and gentamicin. PMID- 6536425 TI - Experimental radial keratectomy in rabbits for the correction of aphakia. AB - The effect on central corneal curvature of radial keratectomy was examined. Ten rabbits had six equally spaced radial wedges removed from the cornea of one eye. Preoperative and serial postoperative keratometry readings were performed to follow the change in refractive power. The follow-up period was 3 months. Radial keratectomy produced an initial steepening of the central cornea, but this effect had disappeared by the end of the follow-up period. It is suggested that this could well have been because the 10/0 prolene sutures pulled through the rabbit cornea, which does not possess a Bowman's membrane. PMID- 6536426 TI - Beneficial effect of systemic tetracycline therapy in the treatment of noninfected corneal ulcers. PMID- 6536427 TI - Hurricane keratitis in penetrating keratoplasty. PMID- 6536428 TI - Corneal epithelial response of the primate eye to gas permeable corneal contact lenses: a preliminary report. AB - The comparative corneal epithelial effects of rigid gas permeable and soft contact lenses are reported in the present preliminary study using two bush baby monkeys (Galago senegalensis). Both types of lenses produced early cell death among the surface squamous cells while internally the epithelium and its nerve fibers remained normal. Sporadically small abnormal groups of cells involving two to three of the surface layers were observed in both the hard and soft lens wearing corneas. It was concluded that this represented superficial punctate keratitis (SPK). Small superficial intracellular epithelial cysts with membranous contents were infrequently noted in the gas permeable lens wearing cornea and it is suggested here that they were mild forms or precursors of those seen clinically in human corneas. Since the gas permeable lens met the corneal oxygen requirement it is postulated that the traumatic effect of the rigidity of the lens caused the cystic formation to occur. The relative hypoxia induced by the soft contact lens resulted in a mild superficial epithelial edema. PMID- 6536429 TI - Keratoconus and normal cornea: a comparative study of the collagenous fibers of the corneal stroma by image analysis. AB - Using an automatic image analysis technique, we studied the characteristics of the collagenous fibers of the corneal stroma of keratoconus at different stages of development. The clear portions of keratoconus specimens were studied at three different levels: anterior, middle, and posterior. The parameters obtained were compared with those of a normal adult cornea with the purpose of determining which ultrastructural alterations were caused by the appearance and progression of keratoconus. PMID- 6536430 TI - Automated analysis of wide-field specular photomicrographs. AB - This report describes computerized image enhancement and analysis from the digitized image of a wide-field specular micrograph to produce an output of frequency distribution of cell areas. The steps involved including image smoothing and averaging, followed by automated scanning to detect individual cell boundaries, and cell area calculation. The limitations of this method include the requirement for expensive interactive display hardware and a 10% misinterpretation of cell boundaries by the algorithm. PMID- 6536432 TI - [Traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of anovulation --analysis of 67 cases]. PMID- 6536431 TI - Late wound complications after circular keratotomy for zoster keratitis. AB - We observed spontaneous melting and separation of circular keratotomy wounds in two zoster patients 8 and 23 years, respectively, after surgery. In one case, it could be demonstrated that the upper part of the unaffected keratotomy wound was formed by a large epithelial plug. It is probable that this type of wound may cause late complications under unfavorable conditions. PMID- 6536433 TI - [White lesions of the vulva--clinical analysis of 447 cases]. PMID- 6536434 TI - [Conization with a Chinese traditional drug for the treatment of chronic disorders of the cervix]. PMID- 6536435 TI - [Preliminary observation of dysmenorrhoea due to blood stagnation using female pelvic rheography and its clinical application]. PMID- 6536436 TI - [Study of the interrelationship of prolactin secretion, thyroid and ovarian function]. PMID- 6536437 TI - [Microwave radiation of the uterine cavity for the treatment of functional bleeding]. PMID- 6536438 TI - [Observation of plain X-ray films of skulls of 107 neonates delivered by vacuum extraction]. PMID- 6536439 TI - [Study of neural tube defects]. PMID- 6536440 TI - [Estrogen and progesterone receptors in the assessment of endometrial carcinoma]. PMID- 6536441 TI - [Dynamic observation on the process of carcinomatous transformation of reserve cells of the endocervical canal]. PMID- 6536442 TI - [Endometrial adenocarcinoma--a clinico-pathological analysis of 149 cases]. PMID- 6536443 TI - [Endometrioid carcinoma of the ovary--report of 10 cases]. PMID- 6536444 TI - [Electron microscopic observations on the effect of gossypol on the human endometrium]. PMID- 6536445 TI - [Hemorrhage and hemostasis during surgery of intracranial meningioma]. PMID- 6536446 TI - [Meningioma of the posterior cranial fossa]. PMID- 6536447 TI - [Occlusion of the internal carotid artery caused by an intracranial tumor--report of 4 cases]. PMID- 6536448 TI - [Ventriculolymphatic shunt for the treatment of hydrocephalus]. PMID- 6536449 TI - [Surgical treatment of intramedullary tumors of the cervical spinal cord- analysis of 24 cases]. PMID- 6536450 TI - [Arachnoid cysts of the spinal cord]. PMID- 6536451 TI - [Clinical study of 100 cases of myasthenia gravis]. PMID- 6536452 TI - [Long-term follow-up study of patients with transient ischemic attacks]. PMID- 6536454 TI - [Examination of eosinophilic white cells in the cerebrospinal fluid and its clinical significance]. PMID- 6536453 TI - [Effect of an antithrombotic enzyme of Agkistrodon halys venom in the treatment of cerebral thrombosis--report of 322 cases]. PMID- 6536455 TI - [An etiological study of cerebrovascular diseases]. PMID- 6536456 TI - [A clinical analysis of 34 cases of misdiagnosed manic-depressive psychosis]. PMID- 6536457 TI - [A clinical study of 456 cases of manic-depressive disorder]. PMID- 6536458 TI - [The prediction of therapeutic dosage of lithium]. PMID- 6536459 TI - [An analysis of 106 cases of schizophrenia treated with clozapine]. PMID- 6536460 TI - [The dexamethasone suppression test in normal subjects and depressive patients]. PMID- 6536461 TI - [A follow-up study of 70 cases of schizophrenia with a single attack and prolonged remission]. PMID- 6536462 TI - The serum alkaline phosphatase in schistosomiasis. PMID- 6536463 TI - Non-specific lung abscess in Zimbabwe. PMID- 6536464 TI - Abnormal human haemoglobins in western Kenya. PMID- 6536465 TI - The pattern an aetiology of cerebral palsy as seen in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. PMID- 6536466 TI - Chest x-rays in children with acute respiratory infections or bronchospasm at Kenyatta National Hospital. PMID- 6536467 TI - Observations on the economics of drug prescribing in developing countries. PMID- 6536468 TI - Bacterial infections in neonates at the Kenyatta Hospital Nursery. A prospective study. PMID- 6536470 TI - Bronchogenic carcinoma in Kenyatta National Hospital Nairobi, Kenya 1976-1983. PMID- 6536469 TI - The comatose child in Paediatric Observation Ward of Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya. PMID- 6536471 TI - [Disorders of sex differentiation with regard to male phenotype]. PMID- 6536472 TI - Inhibition of mitotic activity in rat thyroid by calcitonin. PMID- 6536473 TI - Suppressive effects of indomethacin and estradiol on serum testosterone levels in rats. PMID- 6536474 TI - [Changes in the levels of thyrotropin and thyroid hormones in patients after strumectomy in non-toxic nodular goiter]. PMID- 6536475 TI - [Effect of thyreoideum on changes in the levels of thyrotropin and thyroid hormones in patients after strumectomy in non-toxic nodular goiter]. PMID- 6536477 TI - [Neoplasms producing steroid hormones: clinical picture and long-term observation of patients]. PMID- 6536476 TI - Anti-cancer activity of some blood sera obtained from rats treated with early fetal calf thymus extracts and implanted with xenogenic tumor cells. PMID- 6536478 TI - Symposium on the adrenal cortex. Proceedings. Buffalo, New York, June 27-28, 1984. PMID- 6536479 TI - Attitudes of physicians, pharmacists, and laypersons toward seriousness and need for disclosure of prescription drug side effects. AB - How much information should be provided to patients about prescription drug side effects? What determines the perceived seriousness of a drug side effect and how does seriousness relate to the need to inform patients about that effect? This study explored these questions in a survey of laypersons, physicians, and pharmacists. The results indicated that pain, effect on one's ability to carry out everyday activities, and threat to life were the key determinants of a side effect's seriousness. Laypeople tended to judge most side effects as more serious than did pharmacists and physicians. Whereas the health professionals tended to want minor side effects listed only if they occur quite frequently, laypeople tended to want all potential effects listed, no matter how rarely they occur or how minor they are. The practical and political implications of these findings are discussed. PMID- 6536480 TI - Desirability of control versus locus of control: relationship to paralinguistics in the type A interview. AB - David Glass has suggested that need for control is an important dimension underlying the Type A coronary-prone behavior pattern. However, this hypothesis has never been directly tested. Findings from the present study supported the hypothesis by showing a significant relationship between measures of desire for control and the Type A pattern as assessed by both the structured interview and questionnaire methods, and with Type A voice stylistics. In contrast, locus of control scores correlated only with the questionnaire-based measure of Type A, and were unrelated to desire for control scores, interview-defined Type A, and Type A noncontent speech characteristics. Some evidence suggests the hypothesis that autonomic nervous system arousal can create psychological discomfort that may serve to increase both need for control and Type A vocal stylistics. In addition, such vocal mannerisms may actually facilitate control of the social environment. Evidence implicating genetic factors in these processes is discussed. PMID- 6536481 TI - Latent structure of strategies used to cope with nociceptive stimulation. AB - A substantial number of recent investigations have focused upon the role of psychological factors (such as coping strategies) in mediating the experience of pain. One goal of this research has been to identify strategies that are particularly effective or ineffective in enabling persons to tolerate nociceptive stimulation. Although research in this direction appears promising, the field has lacked an adequate means for quantitatively comparing and contrasting strategies that persons actually use. The current studies were undertaken to describe empirically the latent dimensions along which subjects perceive coping strategies used by persons experiencing the cold pressor test to differ and to demonstrate a methodology using multidimensional scaling for developing empirically based classificatory schemes of strategies for coping with other forms of pain. PMID- 6536482 TI - Type A behavior, attentional style, and symptom reporting among adult men and women. AB - Type A behavior and its components (measured on the JAS) were examined in relation to attentional style and symptom reporting in 294 healthy adult men and women. The results showed that for both men and women the JAS Type A, Job Involvement, and Hard Driving factors were all associated with self-reported attentional effectiveness as measured by the Nideffer Test of Attentional and Interpersonal Style. However, a fourth JAS factor, Speed and Impatience, was associated with Nideffer measures of cognitive overload. For both men and women, the Type A, Speed and Impatience, and Hard Driving factors were all positively associated with the number of medical and psychological symptoms reported on the Cornell Medical Index. In addition, acute psychological distress (Hopkins SCL 90R) was associated with Type A behavior for men and with Speed and Impatience for both sexes. Attention differences did not account for the observed positive relationships between Type A factors and symptom reporting with one exception; attentional overload (internal) appeared to partially explain the relationships between symptom reporting and Speed and Impatience in women. In summary, Type As described themselves as having a broader attentional focus and reported more naturally occurring physical and psychological symptoms than did Type Bs. PMID- 6536484 TI - Symptom contamination of life event scales. AB - One hundred and seventy postpartum women completed the Social Readjustment Rating Scale (SRRS) and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). The point-biserial correlation between each item on the SRRS and the BDI was calculated. The four items identified by Lehman (1978) as being symptoms rather than life events per se were more highly correlated with the BDI than the remaining items. However, the correlation between the life event scale and the BDI was not significantly lowered after these items were removed. It is concluded that while life event scales should not include such symptom-like items, the contention made by some critics of the life event literature that all research using the Holmes and Rahe instrument is undermined soley because of the inclusion of these items, may be inappropriate. PMID- 6536485 TI - Predictors of proficient technique and successful lesion detection in breast self examination. AB - Seventy-three women attending a health fair completed a questionnaire that measured demographic and health history variables, knowledge, and current practice of breast self-examination (BSE), Multidimensional Health Locus of Control (MHLC; Wallston, Wallston, & DeVellis, 1978), and components of the Health Belief Model (HBM; Rosenstock, 1974) in relation to breast cancer and BSE. These variables formed the basis of a conceptual model of BSE behavior that was examined by having each woman participate in a behavioral trial with a breast model in which her BSE technique and ability to detect simulated tumors was assessed. Regression analyses revealed that self-confidence in the efficacy of BSE was the best single predictor of proficient BSE. Powerful others HLC, knowledge of correct BSE behaviors, and chance HLC, respectively, also contributed significantly to the variance in performance. As anticipated, successful lesion detection was most strongly associated with more proficient BSE technique and higher frequency of BSE practice in the past six months. Internal HLC scores were not predictive of either behavioral measure. Similarly, except for perceived efficacy of BSE, HBM variables showed no strong relationships to observed behavior. PMID- 6536483 TI - The relationship between psychological stress and insulin-dependent diabetic blood glucose control: preliminary investigations. AB - Clinical literature has frequently alluded to the role of psychological stress in diabetic blood glucose fluctuations. Past research in the area has been minimal and inconsistent. Recent methodological and measurement advances have made it possible to more accurately assess the impact of psychological stress on long term diabetic control. Study 1 of this report found a significant positive correlation between the Hassles Scale and Hemoglobin A1 levels in a group of 59 adult insulin-dependent diabetic patients. Social Supports, Type A behavior, and reported therapeutic compliance neither correlated with hemoglobin A1 nor influenced the Hassles-Hemoglobin A1 relationship. In a separate sample of 123 subjects, Study II revealed that diabetic patients generally perceive stress as a very potent factor in blood glucose control, but that different stressors may have differential effects for different diabetic patients. A factor analysis of these data reveals three different stress dimensions of the perceived stress blood glucose relationship: fight/flight, passive/ruminative, and positive affect. PMID- 6536486 TI - Investigation of the Karnofsky Performance Status as a measure of quality of life. AB - The Karnofsky Performance Status appears to be the most widely used scale for objective assessment of medical patients' quality of life. Evidence for its reliability and validity is reviewed and new data presented. Tests of inter-rater reliability, concurrent validity, and discriminant validity indicate that, with standardized observational procedures based on a mental status exam, the Karnofsky scale is acceptably reliable and valid as a global measure but it does not adequately capture the conceptual domain of quality of life. PMID- 6536487 TI - The menstrual cycle and punitiveness. AB - Subjects (n = 59) read vignettes of seven different college disciplinary cases and for each one selected a level of punishment. Three groups of subjects consisted of women in the menstrual (n = 12), premenstrual (n = 10), and intermenstrual (n = 13) phases. In addition, there were conditions in which women who were approaching the premenstrual phase were led to believe they were in it (n = 7) or were still several days away from it (n = 7). Finally, there was sixth group: males of comparable age and background (n = 10). The six groups were responsive-and about equally so-to differences among the seven cases. However, the groups did not differ in average level of punishment selected nor did they differ in reliability of judgment across individuals. There was some indication that males and the women led to believe they were premenstrual, found the task to be harder than did the other groups. PMID- 6536488 TI - The physician perspective of health psychologists in medical settings. AB - In recent years psychology has defined for itself an expanding role in health care. Although more and more psychologists have gained entry into medical settings, evaluation efforts directed at assessing progress and obstacles have been extremely limited. The purpose of this study was to gather information from physicians regarding their level of knowledge, acceptance, and utilization of psychologists in hospital settings. Survey responses from 397 physicians to a 15 item paper and pencil questionnaire were analyzed according to medical specialty, type of practice, sex of physician, and number of years in practice. Overall, the findings were quite favorable toward psychologists though differences associated with physicians' age, sex, and specialty did emerge. Discussion of the findings included suggestions underlying the importance of evaluation efforts and methods of improving the future integration of health psychologists into health care organizations. PMID- 6536489 TI - Health protection: attitudes and behaviors of LPNs, teachers, and college students. AB - Three groups of subjects, college students, high school teachers, and licensed practical nurses (LPNs), were asked to rate 30 health-protective activities in terms of (a) importance (attitude) and (b) the frequency with which they performed them (behavior). Correlational analyses revealed reasonably high consistency between attitudes and behaviors in all three groups. Multidimensional scaling procedures identified two basic dimensions of Health-Protective Behaviors (HPBs) accounting for 57% of the variance. The two dimensions were (a) degree of effectiveness and (b) amount of effort. Although students emphasized effectiveness in rating HPBs and teachers used both dimensions equally, the LPNs tended to consider only amount of effort. Additional analyses indicated that group differences were not related to age or gender but rather to health orientation. In sum, individuals' attitudes and behaviors related to health protection are stable, simply organized, and relatively consistent, but samples of health care providers (LPNs) and lay people (students and teachers) differentially weight the importance of effort and effectiveness when considering HPBs. The implications of these results for patient-provider communication, treatment adherence, as well as an understanding of health behavior are discussed. PMID- 6536491 TI - Hassles and health: a replication. AB - The main purpose of this study was to replicate previous research, which explored the relationship between hassles, uplifts, life experiences, and somatic health. Significant but low correlations were found between life experience scores and somatic symptoms and energy level. Hassles scores were significant predictors of overall health status when the effects due to life experiences were controlled. Implications of the findings for the field of behavioral health are discussed. PMID- 6536490 TI - Specific efficacy expectations mediate exercise compliance in patients with COPD. AB - Social learning theory has generated two different approaches for the assessment of expectancies. Bandura argues that expectancies are specific and do not generalize. Therefore, he prefers measures of specific efficacy expectations. Others endorse the role of generalized expectancies measured by locus of control scales. The present study examines specific versus generalized expectancies as mediators of changes in exercise behavior among 60 older adult patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. The patients were given a prescription to increase exercise and randomly assigned to experimental groups or control groups. All groups received attention but only experimental groups received training to increase their exercise. After 3 months, groups given specific training for compliance with walking significantly increased their activity in comparison to the control group receiving only attention. These changes were mediated by changes in perceived efficacy for walking, with efficacy expectations for other behaviors changing as a function of their similarity to walking. A generalized health locus of control expectancy measure was less clearly associated with behavior change. The results are interpreted as supporting Bandura's version of social theory. PMID- 6536492 TI - Anger and cardiovascular risk in adolescents. AB - The present investigation examined the relationship between anger and elevations in cardiovascular risk among adolescents (n = 213). The adolescents were assessed on an anger index and also on certain physical (e.g., blood pressure, cholesterol) and psychological (e.g., anxiety, life dissatisfaction) variables associated with increased risk of cardiovascular diseases. The anger index, a composite of items from various sources, was factor analyzed, producing a terminal solution of two factors: frequent anger directed outward (FAO) and anger producing situations (AS). Two factor scores were then computed for each subject. Regression analyses, controlling for age and sex, showed that the factor scores were predictive of the physical and psychological measures of cardiovascular risk, and that the factor scores were differentially related to these indices. These preliminary findings are supportive of systematic study both of the multidimensional nature of anger and of the associations of the dimensions of anger with indices of cardiovascular risk. PMID- 6536493 TI - Adjustment in aging: the roles of life stress, hassles, and self-efficacy. AB - This study examines the relationship of life stress, daily hassles, and perceived self-efficacy to adjustment in a community sample of 32 men and 32 women between ages 65 and 75. In a structured interview, negative life change events, daily hassles, self-efficacy, depression, psychosomatic symptoms, and negative well being were assessed. Both negative life events and daily hassles were related to psychological distress and physical symptoms for men, and hassles were associated with psychological distress and physical symptoms for women. An inverse relationship between self-efficacy and maladjustment was also found. Hassles showed the most powerful relationship to distress. PMID- 6536494 TI - Social learning and teenage drug use: an analysis of family dyads. AB - This analysis of drug use in family dyads draws upon data from a series of nationwide studies in which interviews were conducted separately with teenagers and with older members of their families, i.e., their mothers, fathers, and older siblings. The interview schedule for these studies examines each individual's personal experience with a broad range of psychoactive substances. Thus, to the extent that behavioral similarities do occur in family dyads, "same drug links" can be compared to "cross drug links," providing a basis for differentiating evidence of direct imitation from less specific patterns of behavioral similarity. The theoretical implications of these findings are discussed. PMID- 6536495 TI - Rewards and adolescent health behavior. AB - Research has indicated that contingent rewards can increase students' acceptance of novel preventive health activities. In the current research on adolescents' use of a fluoride rinse over two school years, however, the rinse habit tended to end when reward contingencies were withdrawn. Although participation in the rinse program was higher with a saturated schedule of reward contingencies in effect, the comparison partial schedule of rewards showed less immediate attrition when the reward contingencies were withdrawn. As a result, the long-term effects of the two schedules were largely equivalent. Other major findings included higher participation levels for girls compared to boys and for urban compared to suburban students. Self-management instruction, a strategy intended to compensate for the withdrawal of tangible rewards, worked temporarily among urban students but at the same time resulted in lower levels of post-reward rinsing among suburban students. This study confirmed the efficacy of contingent rewards for initiating new health habits among adolescents, but neither a partial schedule of reward nor instruction in self-management was sufficient to establish long-term continuation of the behavior. Implications of these findings for health psychologists and public health professionals are discussed briefly. PMID- 6536496 TI - Patient question asking in physician-patient interaction. AB - Patient question asking may be regarded as not only a method of information seeking but as a mechanism of patient participation in the medical dialogue. As such, the study of question asking behavior provides insight into the physician patient communication process. Presented is an analysis of data gathered as part of an experimental intervention designed to increase patient question asking during routine medical visits. Audiotape recordings of two physicians in 123 medical visits were content analyzed to identify the number, content, and form of patient questions, as well as a variety of other interaction variables. These measures were then related to patient satisfaction with care. Findings indicate that the experimental intervention had significant effect on increasing the number of direct questions asked and that these were asked outside of their usual interaction pattern. Further, the relationship between question asking and satisfaction differed in the two groups. The study contributes to our understanding of physician-patient communication dynamics and the information seeking process. PMID- 6536497 TI - Consumers and choice: cost containment strategies for health care provision. AB - Consumer responses to three cost containment strategies for providing health care are examined. The data come from a random sample of 365 Los Angeles adults interviewed by telephone. It is found that aggregate sample responses are negative toward two strategies (labelled preferred provider and health planning) and positive toward the third (labelled self care). Furthermore, it is found that demographic characteristics that predict approval of one strategy predict disapproval of other strategies. These findings, coupled with models assessing how and why segments of consumers respond as they do, suggest that no one strategy is likely to appeal to all consumers. Implications for the implementation of health care delivery systems inspired by containment strategies are discussed in the context of recent events in California. PMID- 6536498 TI - Why it won't happen to me: perceptions of risk factors and susceptibility. AB - Four studies were conducted with college student subjects to examine: (1) perceptions of susceptibility to health and safety risks; (2) factors that subjects see as important in determining their susceptibility; and (3) subjects' actual standing on objective risk factors. Subjects were generally unbiased about hereditary risk factors and were even somewhat pessimistic about environmental risk factors. Their views of their own actions and psychological attributes, however, were excessively optimistic. Few acknowledged actions or psychological attributes that increased their risk. This pattern of findings helps to explain why risks thought to be controllable (i.e., preventable by personal action) are likely to evoke unrealistic optimism about susceptibility. Family histories of health problems were incorporated into judgments of susceptibility, but, except for smoking, correlations between behavioral risk factors and judgments of susceptibility were surprisingly weak. Self-esteem enhancement is suggested as a motive that could explain many of the present findings. Several recommendations are offered for health campaigns that seek to produce more realistic perceptions of susceptibility to health and safety problems. PMID- 6536499 TI - Health beliefs and physician identified "worried well". AB - Health belief variables of the frequent and inappropriate user of medical services, or "worried well," were examined in two studies. Study 1 showed the physician identified "worried well" to be concerned about both general and mental health issues and to perceive typically minor symptoms as more serious than other frequent appropriate users, infrequent users, and mental health comparison groups. Study 2, a prospective study, measured beliefs and subsequent use for one year. Ratings of inappropriateness of use and psychosomatic involvement made by medical providers were predicted by high degrees of self reported somatic symptomatology, mental health concern, belief in self responsibility for health care, belief that one should handle one's own problems, and a limited belief in the responsibility of powerful others for health care. PMID- 6536500 TI - Psychosocial adjustment following ostomy. AB - Ostomy patients have been identified as a chronic illness population frequently experiencing adjustment difficulties. The present study, based on the biopsychosocial model (Engel, 1977) of chronic illness, examined a range of post surgical adjustment difficulties in a sample of 131 ostomy patients. The patient population reported experiencing a significant number of technical, emotional, social, marital/family, and sexual difficulties post-surgically. Technical difficulties were associated with impaired emotional, social, and marital/family functioning. Emotional difficulties were also associated with problematic social, marital/family adjustment, and impaired sexual functioning. Technical problems, emotional difficulties, and social problems were all associated with the patient's perception of having received inadequate preparatory information. Marital/family and sexual maladjustment, on the other hand, were associated with low levels of perceived social support. The results of this investigation are interpreted as supporting the biopsychosocial model of chronic illness, and the clinical implications of these findings are discussed as well as their relation to previous research on adjustment to stressful medical procedures. PMID- 6536501 TI - Gender, role, and illness behavior in a military population. AB - This research investigated the effects of gender and role stress on reporting and response to symptoms in a military population. Forty-six female and 44 male enlisted soldiers, who were members of administrative or combat support units, were interviewed and asked to keep a health diary for 30 days. The results showed that although females reported twice as many health problems in the initial interview there were no significant gender differences observed in symptom reporting on the health diary. Significant differences were obtained, however, between members of administrative and support units with members of combat support units reporting twice as many symptoms on the diary. Overall, the results are interpreted as emphasizing the impact of occupational stress and group cohesion rather than gender as influences on illness behavior. PMID- 6536502 TI - Anxiety and cancer treatment: response to stressful radiotherapy. AB - Previous research with individuals undergoing surgery or diagnostic procedures provided a conceptual framework for analysis of radiation therapy, a common form of cancer treatment. The present investigation was designed to document the magnitude of anxiety patients experience in response to one particularly stressful form of radiation treatment. In addition, the change in anxiety responses with repeated exposures and individual differences among patients that may affect their adjustment were explored. In Part 1, gynecologic cancer patients receiving their first internal radiotherapy application were studied. As the time for treatment neared, subjective and physiologic indicants of anxiety and distress among the patients significantly increased. By 24 hours post-treatment, anxiety for all patients remained elevated. These post-treatment data are convergent with other investigations of post-treatment distress among cancer patients, but contrast with data obtained from those receiving treatment for benign conditions. A subset of the women who required two applications of radiotherapy participated in Part 2. These patients continued to respond negatively during the second treatment. Data on individual differences in anxiety responses (i.e., low vs. high anxiety) were obtained in both investigations and suggest that those with low levels of pre-treatment anxiety experience considerable disruption post-treatment. PMID- 6536504 TI - A final word--editorial. PMID- 6536503 TI - Compliance with chemotherapy among breast cancer patients. AB - This study explored the extent of and reasons for noncompliance with intravenously-administered chemotherapy among a sample of breast cancer patients. Overall, chemotherapy compliance was high (92%). The few cases of non-compliance identified were indirect. In particular, two patients rejected chemotherapy outright and two alcoholic patients used alcohol to avoid chemotherapy. The high rate of chemotherapy compliance was judged to be due to its perceived centrality to recovery from cancer, the "medical" nature of its administration, the ease with which non-compliance can be detected, and patients' spontaneous use of successful coping techniques. PMID- 6536505 TI - Plasma serotonin concentrations during and after cardiac surgery. AB - Plasma serotonin concentrations, assayed as plasma 5-hydroxyindoles (5-HI) and platelet 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), were measured in 12 patients undergoing coronary artery graft surgery (group 1) and five patients undergoing valve replacement (group 2). Mean values of plasma 5-HI before cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) were 29.8 +/- 2.0 ng ml-1 in group 1 and 30.6 +/- 2.8 ng ml-1 in group 2. No significant changes of plasma 5-HI occurred during or after CPB in either group. Although postoperative hypertension occurred in 75% of group 1 patients, no significant correlation was found between plasma 5-HI concentration and systolic blood pressure. A significant increase of platelet 5-HT occurred during bypass (327 ng/2 X 10(8) platelets increasing to 488 ng/2 X 10(8) platelets, p less than 0.01) but returned to baseline values postoperatively. We conclude that plasma 5-HI concentrations are not involved in the pathophysiology of postoperative hypertension following myocardial revascularization. PMID- 6536506 TI - The effect of phenoxybenzamine on postoperative urinary complications during extradural morphine analgesia. AB - One hundred and fifty patients, post-Caesarean section, were investigated to evaluate the effect of epidural morphine analgesia and that of phenoxybenzamine on the frequency and extent of urinary complications. Forty patients (group A) underwent Caesarian section under general anaesthesia, while 110 patients received epidural anaesthesia. Of the latter patients, 40 received postoperative mild analgesics (group B) whilst in another 40, postoperative continuous epidural morphine was administered (group C). Thirty patients who received postoperative epidural morphine, also received oral phenoxybenzamine 10 mg, 24 and 1 hr prior to, and 8 and 16 hr following surgery (group D). The volume of urine of the first two postoperative voidings, the time delay to first micturition, difficulty in micturition and urinary retention necessitating bladder catheterization were studied. The mean volumes of the first two postoperative voidings were markedly reduced in group C (219 and 218 ml, respectively) as compared with group A (383 and 453 ml) and with group B (319 and 414 ml, respectively). In group D, these mean volumes were significantly larger at 478 ml (p less than 0.01) and 417 ml (p less than 0.01) as compared with those of group C. The mean time to the first postoperative voiding was 582 min in group C, which was significantly longer than that in group A (339 min) or in group B (448 min). In the patients treated with phenoxybenzamine, the time to the first postoperative voiding was significantly less at 322 min (p less than 0.01). The need for bladder catheterization was also increased in group B compared with group A, while in group C this increase was marked compared with both groups A and B. It was significantly less frequent in those receiving phenoxybenzamine. Phenoxybenzamine is recommended in the prevention of postoperative urinary complications associated with epidural anaesthesia and epidural morphine analgesia. PMID- 6536507 TI - Pharmacokinetics of intravenous and intramuscular methohexitone in dogs. AB - Twenty-four dogs received methohexitone, either intravenously injected (2 mg kg-1 of a 1% solution) or intramuscularly (10 mg kg-1 of a 2% solution). Plasma methohexitone concentrations were measured by gas/liquid chromatography and pharmacokinetics were obtained from the general equations of a multicompartment model. Peak blood concentrations were equivalent following i.v. (18.2 +/- 9.9 mg 1(-1); at 30 s) and i.m. (19.1 +/- 5.6 mg 1(-1); at 3 min) injections. After i.v. injection a rapid distribution phase (half-life t 1/2 lambda 1; 1.3 +/- 0.5 min) was followed by an elimination phase (elimination half-life t 1/2 lambda z; 26.4 +/- 7.8 min). After i.m. injection the distribution phase was followed by two further phases (half-lives: 10.1 +/- 3.6 min and 75.6 +/- 22.6 min). The authors conclude that an i.m. dose five times as great as the i.v. dose produces equivalent peak blood concentration 30 s after i.v. injection and 3 min after i.m. injection. In addition, after i.m. injection of 10 mg kg-1 an additional compartment was apparent, indication substantial drug uptake by poorly perfused tissues. PMID- 6536508 TI - Measurement of oxygen uptake: a method for use during nitrous oxide in oxygen anaesthesia. AB - A new method for oxygen uptake (VO2) measurement based on a constant volume closed circuit is discussed. The accuracy of the method tested in the laboratory was demonstrated to be +/- 1.8% and estimated to be +/- 2.01% in clinical use during abdominal surgery. The 0-90% rise time of the measurement to step changes in VO2 was found to be 42 s, for a change of 15 ml min-1 with a lag time of less than 30 s. PMID- 6536509 TI - Functional dead space during high frequency ventilation. PMID- 6536510 TI - Epidemiology in anaesthesia: a method for predicting hospital mortality. AB - Data on 13 043 operations were abstracted from 108 878 anaesthetic records in the Cardiff Anaesthetic Record System. Nine groups of surgical operations with high mortality in hospital were identified. These records were analysed using a logistic regression model to determine the probability of death in hospital. Variables included in the model were age, sex, elective or emergency operation and five intercurrent diseases. The significance of individual variables was assessed: age was the most important single variable in six of the nine operation groups. The model was used to calculate the risk of death in hospital for individuals with specific characteristics. With further development, this technique might be used by clinicians at other centres to predict the outcome for patients under their care. PMID- 6536511 TI - A computerized neuromuscular blockade monitor with visual-display unit: a preliminary report. AB - A programmable microprocessor has been developed to control a nerve stimulator, to accept electromyographic potentials and to process them to produce derivatives related to neuromuscular function which can then be stored and displayed. Examples are given of its use to assess the physiological state of the neuromuscular junction and to quantify the degree of blockade in clinical situations. PMID- 6536512 TI - Intra-patient comparison of the kinetics of alphaxalone and alphadolone in man. AB - The disposition kinetics of the two steroid components of the anaesthetic agent Althesin have been determined in seven male patients undergoing peripheral vascular reconstructive surgery. The blood decay profiles for both alphaxalone and alphadolone can be described by an open two-compartment model, with a mean alpha phase half life of 1.9 min, and a mean beta phase half life of 34 min. The systemic clearances of alphaxalone and alphadolone were 1.52 l min-1 and 1.09 l min-1 respectively (p less than 0.01). The remaining derived kinetic parameters showed no difference for the two steroids except for a greater fraction of the alphadolone administered being present in the peripheral compartment at steady state conditions (p less than 0.05). The relative contributions of metabolic loss to total loss of drug from the body were 0.56 and 0.85 at 10 min and 60 min respectively for alphaxalone, and 0.42 and 0.80 respectively for alphadolone (p less than 0.01 and p less than 0.05). Although alphadolone exists as the acetate in the proprietary formulation, rapid hydrolysis to the native steroid seems to occur in man. The exact site of this hydrolysis remains uncertain at present. PMID- 6536514 TI - Proceedings of the European Academy of Anaesthesiology 4th annual meeting. Stockholm, 1-4 September 1983. PMID- 6536513 TI - Effects of pre-anaesthetic glycopyrrolate and cimetidine on gastric fluid acidity and volume in children. AB - The effects of pre-anaesthetic glycopyrrolate and cimetidine on gastric fluid pH and volume were studied in 96 paediatric patients from ages 6 months to 12 years undergoing elective surgery. They were randomly allocated into six groups with 16 patients in each group. Patients in group I received neither glycopyrrolate nor cimetidine and served as controls. Group II patients received glycopyrrolate, 5 micrograms kg-1 intramuscularly in a.m. Patients in group III received cimetidine 5 mg kg-1 orally in a.m. Group IV patients received cimetidine 5 5 mg kg-1 orally in a.m. and glycopyrrolate 5 micrograms kg-1 in a.m. Patients in group V received cimetidine 5 mg kg-1 orally h.s. and a.m. Group VI patients received cimetidine as in group V and also received glycopyrrolate as in group II. Patients with gastric pH 2.5 or less and volume of gastric contents 0.4 ml kg-1 or greater were defined to be at risk of pulmonary damage if aspiration should occur. The patients in the control group had a mean gastric pH of 1.91 +/- 0.074 and mean gastric volumes of 0.52 +/- 0.06 ml kg-1. Ninety-four per cent of patients in this group had gastric pH less than or equal to 2.5 and 69% of patients had gastric volumes greater than or equal to 0.4 ml kg-1. Glycopyrrolate (group II) reduced patients with pH less than or equal to 2.5 to 50% and volumes greater than or equal to 0.4 ml kg-1 to 44%. Cimetidine markedly reduced both gastric acidity (gastric pH less than or equal to 2.5 in 0-13% of patients in groups III VI) and gastric volume (greater than or equal to 0.4 ml kg-1 in 19-38% of patients in groups III-VI). Only a maximum of 13% of the patients presented with combination of both risk factors in groups III-VI.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6536515 TI - A comparison of diazepam and midazolam as sedatives for minor oral surgery. AB - Diazepam in propylene glycol (Valium, Roche) and midazolam (Hypnovel, Roche) were compared as sedatives in 40 patients undergoing minor oral surgery. Twenty patients received each drug. The cardiovascular effects, the acceptability of the drugs to patients and dentists and the incidence of anterograde amnesia and adverse venous sequelae were investigated. Serum benzodiazepine levels were measured and recovery studied by six psychomotor tests repeated over five hours. Both drugs provided safe and acceptable sedation. More amnesia was reported in the midazolam group and more adverse venous sequelae by the diazepam patients. The recovery tests showed that the time taken to return to pre-sedation scores varied with the tests used and there was no significant evidence of the midazolam group recovering more quickly. In particular, significant impairment of delayed memory recall persisted in both groups throughout the investigation period. PMID- 6536517 TI - Heated humidification in major abdominal surgery. AB - The influence of heated humidification on body temperature and postoperative shivering was studied in 30 patients undergoing major intra-abdominal surgery. In the control group (I) the anaesthetic gases, administered in a non-rebreathing system, were humidified by a sponge heat and moisture exchanger. In group II the gases were humidified and heated to 37 degrees C and in group III up to 40 degrees C. Anaesthesia, surface insulation and warming of the infusions were standardized. The temperature was registered at the lower oesophagus and the big toe. Shivering and the feeling of cold were estimated at 15 min intervals postoperatively. A good correlation was found between heat gain during the first hour of recovery, the feeling of cold and intensity of shivering. Intraoperative heat loss was minimal in all groups. Heated humidification had no statistically significant effect on the body temperatures or postoperative shivering and thus provided no additional advantage compared to the control group. PMID- 6536516 TI - Subarachnoid bupivacaine 0.5% for caesarean section. AB - A series of 52 patients in whom 0.5% bupivacaine was used to produce spinal analgesia for awake Caesarean section is described. Analgesia tended to be asymmetrical and of limited extent until the patients were turned from the left lateral to the right lateral position immediately after injecting the spinal solution. This movement produced a more symmetrical block with better cephalic spread. Initially 26-gauge spinal needles were passed through a Sise introducer, but this was modified to a needle through needle technique whereby a long-shafted 26-gauge needle was passed through a Tuohy needle which was subsequently used to insert an extradural catheter. The optimal volume of bupivacaine was 2.25-2.75 ml. The mean +/- SEM time to achieve maximal spread of analgesia was 17.5 +/- 0.6 min. The mean- +/- SEM time to the administration of the first postoperative analgesic was 163.5 +/- 7.0 min. The disadvantages of the technique were hypotension and the unpredictable spread of analgesia. PMID- 6536518 TI - Cardiac arrest related to anaesthesia: a prospective survey in France (1978 1982). AB - This report analyses the rate, predisposing factors, causes and outcome of 119 cardiac arrests related (totally or partially) to anaesthesia which were collected in France by a national prospective survey performed between 1978 and 1982. The overall rate of cardiac arrests occurring during anaesthesia and recovery was 1 per 1665 anaesthetics, resulting in death, before the 24th postoperative hour, in 56% of cases, i.e. 1 per 2900 anaesthetics. Approximately a quarter of cardiac arrests occurred during induction, another quarter during maintenance and a half during recovery from anaesthesia. The first were mainly related to anaesthesia and had the lowest mortality rate. The last were mainly related to unrecognized postoperative respiratory depression and resulted in the highest mortality. Cardiac arrests were less frequent in private hospitals than in teaching hospitals but the mortality rate was higher. PMID- 6536519 TI - Age influences the minimum infusion rate (ED50) for continuous infusions of Althesin and methohexitone. AB - The influence of age has been studied on equipotent rates of continuous infusions of two intravenous hypnotic agents. Two end points have been defined; ED50: the rate needed to suppress the initial response to the surgical incision in 50% of patients, and ED95: the corresponding rate in 95% of patients receiving continuous infusion anaesthesia to supplement 67% nitrous oxide in oxygen. All 210 patients included in the study were premedicated with morphine 0.15 mg kg-1. For patients aged 20-40 years (young group), the ED50 values for Althesin (as alphaxalone) and methohexitone were 14.6 micrograms kg-1 min-1 and 59.9 micrograms kg-1 min-1. The ED95 values were 21.0 micrograms kg-1 min-1 and 92.1 micrograms kg-1 min-1. For patients aged 55-80 years (old group), the ED50 values for Althesin and methohexitone were 11.0 micrograms kg-1 min-1 and 44.2 micrograms kg-1 m in-1, while the corresponding ED95 values were 16.4 micrograms kg-1 min-1 and 76.2 micrograms kg-1 min-1. PMID- 6536520 TI - Thrombogenicity of central venous catheters: prospective study of polyethylene, silicone and polyurethane catheters with phlebography or post-mortem examination. AB - The thrombogenicity of polyethylene, silicone and polyurethane central venous catheters was compared in a prospective clinical, phlebographic and post-mortem study in 52 patients. The incidence of central venous thrombosis was high with polyethylene catheters (70%), but much lower with silicone (20%) and with polyurethane catheters (17%). PMID- 6536521 TI - Possible influence on geographical location on gas inflow requirements to the Bain breathing system. PMID- 6536522 TI - Critical analysis of long-term tests for carcinogenicity. AB - The objective of long-term carcinogenicity studies is to observe test animals for a major portion of their lifespan for the development of neoplastic lesions during or after exposure to various doses of a test substance given by an appropriate route. Studies of this type require careful planning and documentation of the experimental design, a high standard of pathology, good animal care and suitable statistical analysis. These requirements are well known and have not undergone major changes during recent years. Rather than giving details of these requirements, which can now be found in many publications, this paper attempts to indicate some of the problems involved in a long-term carcinogenicity study. PMID- 6536523 TI - Determination of a virtually non-carcinogenic dose. AB - The various mathematical models of the dose-response relationship are briefly reviewed and it is concluded that the Weibull and gamma-multihit models are at present the best ones. They permit the computation of a 'virtually safe dose', for which the carcinogenic risk to man is reasonably negligible, but because of the unknown mechanism of the background response, the models should be used in a mixed form. A modified Crouch and Wilson approach is proposed to evaluate the risk from an actual environmental dose. This takes into account the various uncertainties in risk computations, and results in the application of a safety factor when extrapolating from animals to man. PMID- 6536524 TI - Bioactivation and bound residues. AB - Most toxic chemicals undergo bioactivation before they can exert their noxious effects. These biotransformations produce very reactive intermediate metabolites which covalently bind to vital cellular components and can lead to a specific toxicity. Several categories of reactive metabolites can be postulated: (1) electrophilic compounds, (2) free radicals, (3) compounds able to form activated species of oxygen (oxidative stress). Only the two first groups covalently bind to cellular components; these adducts are a part of the bound residues of veterinary drugs. Electrophilic metabolites react with nucleophilic centres of various molecules (proteins, nucleic acids, amino-acids . . .). These active intermediates (oxiranes, quinoneimines, carbo cations . . .) appear during oxidation reactions specifically catalysed by the microsomal mixed-function oxidase. Hepatic necrosis induced by Acetaminophen can be a model and will be discussed. Free radicals are also produced by microsomal metabolism. They bind covalently to cellular lipids and proteins and induce a lipidic peroxidation. Carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatic injury is an example. These concepts dealing with bioactivation, the nature of the covalents' adducts and their toxicological significance are essential to assess the toxicity of both parent drugs and their residues. PMID- 6536525 TI - Experimental in vitro approach to the study of covalent associations. PMID- 6536526 TI - Determination of the binding of trenbolone and zeranol to rat-liver DNA in vivo as compared to 17 beta-oestradiol and testosterone. AB - The in vivo interactions of trenbolone and zeranol with rat-liver DNA were assayed by determining their covalent-binding indices (CBI), which correlate well with the hepatocarcinogenic potencies of chemicals. As controls, 17 beta oestradiol and testosterone were used. Sixteen hours after intraperitoneal injection of the [3H]-labelled compounds (specific radioactivity approximately 50 Ci/mmol) the animals were sacrificed and the DNA was isolated from the livers and deproteinized by several Sevag extractions and proteinase digestion. Contaminating RNA was eliminated by pancreatic RNAase digestion. Finally, the DNA was further purified by chromatography on hydroxylapatite and by centrifugation in a CsCl gradient. Decreased CBI values after each step of purification showed that extensive purification was essential. The results obtained for the CBI were 11.4 for 17 beta-oestradiol, 4.8 for testosterone, 5.6 for trenbolone and 1.65 for zeranol, when, respectively, 15, 19, 17 and 60 micrograms/kg of anabolics were administered 16 h before the animals were killed. The CBI values for the anabolics decreased when the amount administered increased. When determined as a function of time, the CBI increased up to 24 h and decreased subsequently. After 96 h the CBI for zeranol was only 0.37 and that for trenbolone, 1.11. PMID- 6536527 TI - Toxicological significance of covalently-bound residues. AB - Bound residues may be defined in terms of the nonextractable radioactivity which persists in tissues after administration of radiolabelled compounds to an organism. This fraction is found to contain natural endogenous compounds resulting from incorporation of degradation products of the administered substance into intermediary metabolites (amino acids, carbohydrates etc.). However, 'new' compounds are also found which arise from covalent binding of the administered substance or its metabolites to endogenous macromolecules. The former fraction is nontoxic, but in the second case the nature of the covalent binding is important from the toxicological point of view. It is unspecific and irreversible, and often involves the action of short-lived and highly reactive intermediates. The covalent bond is usually thermodynamically irreversible. A good example is provided by bromobenzene, which binds to proteins via the 3,4 epoxide, which is the hepatotoxic agent. From the above considerations it is possible to distinguish two types of metabolites that may be found in foodstuffs prepared from drug-treated animals. The first are represented by the drug itself and its primary metabolites. These compounds are potentially more or less toxic to the consumer. The second type are the covalently bound metabolites. These have lost their reactivity in an irreversible manner and may be considered to have low toxicity to the consumer as well as low bioavailability. Some examples (trenbolone acetate, aflatoxin, carbaryl) are discussed to support this contention. PMID- 6536528 TI - DNA damage and repair tests for the detection of genotoxic agents. AB - In vitro tests for DNA reactivity of chemicals serve several important purposes. Genotoxins can cause toxicity, teratogenicity, mutagenicity and carcinogenicity. Positive results in reliable tests are highly predictive of potential carcinogenicity. Among available tests the hepatocyte primary culture/DNA repair test, including its modifications to provide multispecies and bacterial metabolism, has been demonstrated to be a very sensitive test. Assessment of DNA reactivity of known carcinogens also provides information on their possible mechanisms of action. PMID- 6536529 TI - In vitro approaches to identify tumour-promoting agents: cell transformation and intercellular communication. PMID- 6536530 TI - The predictive value of batteries of short-term tests for carcinogens. AB - Carcinogenesis is a multistage process in which many factors may affect the outcome. No single short-term test, measuring a single endpoint, can predict chemically induced carcinogenesis with infallibility. Therefore it is necessary to use a battery of tests when screening new compounds. Ideally, tests to be used in this way should be validated rigorously. Test batteries should not be used in isolation but should be complemented by information from studies of metabolism, pharmacokinetics, etc. Such an approach is proving valuable for the detection of carcinogens already present in the environment and for screening new chemicals for latent hazards. PMID- 6536531 TI - An approach to the detection of environmental tumour promoters by a short-term cultured-cell assay. PMID- 6536532 TI - [EEC regulations for the evaluation of veterinary drugs]. PMID- 6536533 TI - A strategy for the assessment of the carcinogenic potency of veterinary drug residues: recommendations of the FDA. AB - The United States Food and Drug Administration's assessment strategy for the determination of the carcinogenic potential of drug residues in food-producing animals is embodied in its Human Food Safety Policy. This policy calls for the utilization of a threshold-assessment procedure to determine whether a veterinary drug possesses carcinogenic potential. Chronic lifetime studies in rodents must be performed if it is deemed that the agent may possess carcinogenic properties. A virtually safe level (VSL) of exposure for man is established by applying a modified statistical linear-extrapolation model to the carcinogenic dose-response relationship seen in the test-animal studies. Identification of the major metabolites in the total drug residue in the target animals is required, and the same process applied to the parent drug may be applied to the metabolites. If a carcinogenic metabolite is found in the edible tissue which is significantly more potent and/or more persistent than the parent drug, the VSL is established for the metabolite rather than for the parent compound. A rigorous identification of metabolites is required, which is followed by the development of analytical methodology to ensure that carcinogenic residues in tissue are below the VSL. PMID- 6536534 TI - Carcinogenic potency and risk assessment. AB - An overview of carcinogenesis risk assessment is presented. The nature of evidence for carcinogenic potential in humans is discussed, including possible carcinogenic mechanisms, genotoxicity and laboratory animal data. Emphasis is given to the importance of including all pertinent evidence in risk assessment, rather than placing total reliance on mathematical extrapolations from animal tumour data. An approach to ranking animal carcinogens according to the weight of evidence is described briefly. PMID- 6536535 TI - Proceedings of a Symposium on Carcinogenic Risk Assessment for Veterinary Drugs. PMID- 6536536 TI - Survey of animal drugs with carcinogenic properties. AB - Residues of animal drugs with carcinogenic potential cannot always be avoided in food. The risk/benefit evaluation of carcinogenic drugs used in food-producing animals is a scientifically unresolved problem. Nonetheless, a pragmatic solution taking into account such drugs' putative mechanisms of action, their relative potency, and their significance in the prevention and therapy of disease must and can be achieved. While it is unlikely that a new animal drug possessing overt carcinogenic properties would pass the approval process practiced in most countries today, a number of carcinogenic drugs for use in food-producing animals are currently on the market. Their re-evaluation from the viewpoint of human food safety is necessary, particularly if they are genotoxic (for example nitrofurans, nitroimidazoles, quinoxaline-di-N-oxides). The carcinogenicity of hormonally active animal drugs, none of which has genotoxic potential, is believed to be related to their hormonal action. Thus, the establishment of a threshold level for these drugs and their residues appears possible. It is difficult to evaluate certain other nongenotoxic animal drugs which are carcinogenic at very high dose levels and in one species only. No carcinogenic substance, regardless of its hypothetical mechanism of action, should be used in food-producing animals for which a very significant therapeutic benefit has not been demonstrated. PMID- 6536537 TI - The principle of a threshold dose in chemical carcinogenesis. AB - The nature of at least three stages in carcinogenesis by chemical agents justifies the existence of a threshold dose: (1) a cytoplasmic stage during which most carcinogenic molecules are eliminated, (2) a nuclear stage during which certain DNA lesions are repaired and therefore cannot help to bring about mutations, and (3) an extracellular stage during which mutations are controlled for a long time by positive or negative epigenetic factors. All these findings are very difficult to collate. Since threshold doses cannot be detected by direct experimentation, the knowledge that a threshold exists is of little practical use and does not much alter the data permitting extrapolation of the results obtained with high doses of carcinogens. At the theoretical level only, this conclusion renders obsolete the opinion that all carcinogenic agents should be completely eliminated from our environment, and also the view that DNA needs only one hit from such an agent for a carcinogenic effect to be produced. The above conclusion also provides a more rational basis for the concept of a 'virtually safe dose' (VSD) or 'allowable daily intake' (ADI). PMID- 6536538 TI - [Carcinogenic potential of estrogens used in breeding]. AB - The oestrogens that are used in husbandry are oestradiol (natural compound), zeranol (non-steroid drug) and stilbenes such as diethylstilboestrol (D.E.S.). Oestrogens present carcinogenic activity especially on target organs (cervix uteri, corpus uteri, breast). Oestrogens, except perhaps D.E.S., do not initiate cancer directly, but may influence carcinogenesis by their hormonal properties. In these conditions it is possible to define rules of use which can protect the health of consumers. It is necessary to take into account the no-hormonal effect level, and the metabolism after oral administration. Oestradiol and zeranol, when used in good husbandry practice are not toxic, but D.E.S. must be banned and controlled. PMID- 6536539 TI - A comparison of lignin test and filter paper spot test for the screening of the long acting sulfonamides in urine. PMID- 6536540 TI - Effect of malathion spraying on four anopheline species and the development of resistance in A. stephensi in Mandora, Haryana. PMID- 6536541 TI - Outbreak of malaria in villages of Bareilly, District U.P. PMID- 6536542 TI - Evaluation of micro-sampling of blood by filter paper strips for malaria seroepidemiology. PMID- 6536543 TI - Influence of progesterone and estrogen administration on the recrudescence patterns of Plasmodium knowlesi infection in female rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) following initial subcurative chloroquine therapy. PMID- 6536544 TI - An evaluation of Plasmodium cynomolgi bastianellii and Plasmodium knowlesi antigens in the seroepidemiology of human malaria using indirect haemagglutination test. PMID- 6536545 TI - [Characterization of species of the genus Clostridium by gas chromatographic analysis of the fatty acids produced during metabolism]. AB - Volatile and non volatile fatty acids deriving from the bacterial metabolism of different sugars were determined by gas-chromatography to better characterize Clostridium tertium and Clostridium ramosum. The data obtained were also used for numerical taxonomic analysis and dendrograms were elaborated to study the taxonomic relationships between the two species. PMID- 6536546 TI - [Incidence and antibiotic resistance of various species of staphylococci in a hospital environment in eastern Sicily]. AB - In this work we carry out an epidemiologic investigation of the incidence of Staphylococci in some hospitals of east Sicily, in relation with hospitalized patients. The tests were performed every ten days for a period of four months, by using Fisher technique. The strains were isolated from clinical specimens from hospitalized patients, and after identification, we made antibiotics-resistance essays. The results show a correlation between Staphylococcus strains isolated from patients and that of environmental origin, also for the antibiotics resistance spectrum. PMID- 6536547 TI - [Campylobacter fetus subsp. jejuni: etiological, epidemiological and preventive aspects]. AB - The Authors, after a brief introduction, examine on the basis of the most recent literature, the taxonomy and the microbiological features of Campylobacter fetus subsp. jejuni, giving a detailed description of the chemical composition, of the biochemical, physiological and nutritional characters, of the antigenic composition and of the cultural methods. Later on, they state the problems arising from the epidemiology of the infections caused by this germ either in man or in animals, examining the most relevant sources of infection. Finally, the Authors describe the most recent laboratory diagnostic methods, the pathogenesis, the clinical manifestations and the prevention of infection, concluding with some therapeutical remarks. PMID- 6536548 TI - [The Mexican Hospital Association and health care]. PMID- 6536550 TI - AGHE--coming of age. PMID- 6536549 TI - [Treatment of aminophylline poisoning according to its pharmacologic properties]. PMID- 6536551 TI - Education in prevention, health promotion and aging in medical and nursing schools. PMID- 6536552 TI - A curriculum design for an interdisciplinary field experience in geriatrics/gerontology. PMID- 6536553 TI - Veterinary medicine and gerontology: a vital link. PMID- 6536554 TI - Evaluation of training in geriatric consultation: development of assessment measures. PMID- 6536555 TI - [Leukocytosis in closed injuries of the brain]. PMID- 6536556 TI - [Preoperative preparation and postoperative resuscitation of patients with malignant tumors of the brain]. PMID- 6536557 TI - [Surgical treatment of metastatic brain tumors]. PMID- 6536558 TI - [Findings of intestinal helminths in the high-mountain region in the area of Savnik]. PMID- 6536560 TI - [Results of surgery of brain glioma (1925-1975)]. PMID- 6536559 TI - [Work presented at the neurosurgical symposium on problems in the surgery of cerebral gliomas. 10-12 April 1980]. PMID- 6536561 TI - [10 years' experience in the treatment of malignant tumors of the cerebral hemispheres]. PMID- 6536562 TI - [Prognosis in cerebral gliomas]. PMID- 6536563 TI - [Neurobiologic aspects of the brain-thought relation]. PMID- 6536564 TI - [Supratentorial tumors of the median line and the cerebral ventricles]. PMID- 6536565 TI - [Modern diagnosis of malignant tumors of the brain]. PMID- 6536566 TI - [Problems with anesthesia in neurosurgical procedures in malignant tumors of the brain]. PMID- 6536567 TI - [Significance of neuro-ophthalmologic examination in the early detection of cerebral glioma]. PMID- 6536568 TI - [Cerebellar astrocytomas in childhood]. PMID- 6536569 TI - [Carrier state of hepatitis B virus in pregnant women: problem of the protection of newborn infants from infection]. PMID- 6536570 TI - [Effect of propranolol on the vascular resistance of the human placenta perfused in vitro]. PMID- 6536571 TI - [Fetal movements and uterine contractions in the third trimester of pregnancy. III. Prenatal cardiotocography]. PMID- 6536572 TI - [Natural childbirth in the ecology of reproduction]. PMID- 6536573 TI - [Fate of newborn infants after pelvic presentation in relation to the method of delivery]. PMID- 6536574 TI - [Presence of yeasts of the genus Candida in the digestive tract of women with vaginal candidiasis]. PMID- 6536575 TI - [A case of tubal pregnancy carried to term]. PMID- 6536576 TI - Prevalence of poliomyelitis in India. PMID- 6536578 TI - Infective endocarditis in children. PMID- 6536577 TI - Neonatal infections: I--Maternal and cord serum IgG levels in relation to gestation and intrauterine growth. PMID- 6536579 TI - Neutrophil function tests in children with repeated infections--a preliminary study. PMID- 6536580 TI - Salmonella meningitis. PMID- 6536581 TI - Clinical profile of acute glomerulonephritis in children. PMID- 6536582 TI - Should sick children be immunized? PMID- 6536583 TI - Prevention and treatment of rabies. PMID- 6536584 TI - Chloramphenicol resistant Salmonella typhi: therapeutic considerations. PMID- 6536586 TI - Pyogenic infections of childhood. PMID- 6536585 TI - Management of urinary tract infection in children. PMID- 6536587 TI - Current concepts in the treatment of malaria in children. PMID- 6536588 TI - Hemolytic-uremic syndrome. PMID- 6536590 TI - Neuroblastoma with opsomyoclonus and Turner syndrome. PMID- 6536589 TI - Empyema thoracis in children. PMID- 6536591 TI - Cervical thymic cyst--a case report. PMID- 6536593 TI - Models, mechanisms and etiology of tumour promotion. Proceedings of a symposium organized by the Hungarian Cancer Society and the IARC. Budapest, 16-18 May 1983. PMID- 6536594 TI - The effect of promoters on 1,2-dimethylhydrazine-induced colon carcinogenesis. AB - The influence of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA) and vincristine (VCR) on the development of colon carcinoma induced by 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH) has been studied by light and electron microscopy. The ability of TPA to induce the appearance of cells with a heterogeneous genotype has been investigated by cytophotometric evaluation of DNA content. The TPA-induced phenotypic alterations have been studied by quantitative histochemistry. The influence of promoters on the outcome of DMH-induced carcinogenesis has been investigated in DMH-resistant C57 Black mice. Aneuploid DNA populations were detected in hyperplasias induced by DMH or TPA; in carcinomas, the percentage of hyperdiploid cell populations was further increased. DNA aneuploidy is defined as the genetic instability of cells that can be induced by TPA treatment alone. TPA can induce dedifferentiation of hyperplastic cells, as demonstrated by quantitative histochemistry of the intestinal mucins. TPA increased the colon tumour incidence in DMH-resistant C57 Black mice. A promoter-like action of VCR could also be observed. PMID- 6536592 TI - Aeromonas hydrophilia tenosynovitis in an immunocompromised host. PMID- 6536595 TI - Specific lipid components in membrane receptors of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13 acetate as revealed by direct photoaffinity labelling. AB - The use of [20-3H]-12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (3H-TPA) as a direct photoaffinity probe of receptors was investigated. When membrane receptors in a particulate fraction from mouse brain were loaded with the high-affinity agonist 3H-TPA, irradiation of such preparations with ultraviolet (UV) light resulted in specific irreversible binding of the label to the membrane lipids phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and phosphatidylserine (PS); evidence for labelling of proteins was lacking. The labelled lipids were tentatively identified by co chromatography; they corresponded to selected reference lipids obtained by photoaffinity labelling. When a variety of natural and synthetic reference lipids was irradiated in the presence of 3H-TPA, photoadducts were obtained primarily from natural lipids containing unsaturated acyl chains in position 2. The synthetic 1,2-dipalmitoyl derivatives of phosphatidylcholine (PC), PE and phosphatidyl glycerol were refractory. When the photoadducts from PC and PE were treated with phospholipases A2 and C, the chromatographic pattern of cleavage products obtained was in accordance with that of phospholipids carrying the 3H TPA label on the acyl moiety in the 2-position. Since previous evidence had suggested that a lipid-protein complex was the phorbol ester receptor, it may, therefore, be concluded that the receptor(s) contain PE and PS in specific interaction with protein(s). Accordingly, PE- and PS-dependent enzymes (or other proteins) are considered prime candidates for phorbol ester receptors. PMID- 6536596 TI - Role of specific membrane and genetic changes in the mechanism of tumour promotion. Studies with promoter-resistant variants. AB - Several cell culture model systems in current use for studying tumour promotion mechanism are reviewed briefly. The conclusions that can be drawn from studies with the JB6 mouse epidermal system are summarized. Promoter-induced mitogenic stimulation, epidermal growth factor receptor binding and stimulated hexose transport are apparently not required for promotion of neoplastic transformation in JB6 cells by phorbol esters and other promoters. Phorbol ester receptor binding (or protein kinase C activation) and switched-off collagen synthesis may be required, but definitive proof is not available. Decreased cell surface trisialoganglioside synthesis and one or more genes that determine promotion sensitivity appear to distinguish sensitive from resistant cells and to be required for promotion of neoplastic transformation in JB6 cells. PMID- 6536597 TI - The use of in-vitro assays to study and to detect tumour promoters. PMID- 6536598 TI - Effect of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate on selection of drug-resistant phenotypes in rodent cells. AB - The effect of the tumour promoter 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) on the selection of drug-resistant phenotypes in hamster and mouse cells has been studied. TPA increased considerably the incidence of methotrexate (MTX)-, N (phosphonacetyl)-L-aspartate- and cadmium-resistant 3T6 and 3T3 mouse cell clones, but it had little effect on V79 and CHO hamster cells. The MTX-resistant V79 hamster cell clones, selected with or without TPA, lost their resistance within 15 cell cycles, however, 50% of the 3T6 mouse cell clones selected and maintained in the presence of TPA preserved their resistance for more than 15 cell cycles. A number of the MTX-resistant 3T6 clones overproduced dihydrofolate reductase enzyme; however, their frequency was lower among the clones selected in the presence of TPA. PMID- 6536599 TI - Epidemiological data and multistage carcinogenesis. AB - The purpose of this review has been to demonstrate that a wide range of epidemiological phenomena can be described in terms of simple multistage models of carcinogenesis. The relationship of cancer risk with the different time variables considered corresponds closely with the behaviour predicted by theories of multistage process. Furthermore, the different behaviour associated with different agents enables one to attempt some classification as to how an agent is acting. There is considerable conformity between the tentative classification one might propose for the few agents for which epidemiological data are adequate, and the activity seen experimentally for these agents. The purpose of using multistage models in epidemiology is not simply descriptive. A distant goal would be the use of experimental information on mechanisms of action for the prediction of human risk. Information currently available is clearly insufficient, but the consistency seen between the epidemiological and experimental results suggests that some progress may be possible. PMID- 6536600 TI - Early- and late-stage carcinogenesis in mouse skin and in man. PMID- 6536601 TI - Relationship of histochemically detectable altered hepatocyte foci to hepatic tumorigenesis. AB - A new experimental system was used to examine the stages of chemically induced hepatic neoplasia in the rat. The treatment protocol involved the intraperitoneal injection of a single non-necrogenic dose of carcinogen [N-nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA) or benzo[a]pyrene (BP)] into male and female rats within one day after birth, followed by dietary exposure to promoter (0.05% phenobarbital) from weaning. Rats were killed at intervals, and their livers were examined for tumours and for histochemically detectable foci of altered hepatocytes. Six histochemical markers were used. Through serial frozen-sectioning techniques and computer-assisted image analysis, foci containing between one and six markers were identified, and their average sizes were calculated. The same complement of histochemical tests was applied to the primary hepatic tumours observed in this study. The data showed that (1) the new treatment protocol was highly efficient in foci and tumour production; (2) growth rates and incidence levels of foci were directly related to hepatocarcinogenic effectiveness (NDEA greater than BP), whereas both carcinogens had similar effects on foci phenotypic properties; (3) after their formation, foci at a given level of phenotypic complexity did not become progressively more complex; (4) incidence levels of foci were sex dependent (females greater than males), but growth rates of foci were the same for both sexes; (5) growth rates and growth capacities (ranges of possible growth rates) of foci were directly related to phenotypic complexity levels of foci; (6) frequencies and phenotypic complexities of foci were inversely related; the reverse was true for tumours, although 10% of the tumours were relatively simple (three markers or fewer); (7) marker frequency distribution patterns were completely different in foci and in tumours. From these observations, we suggest that the foci are not direct tumour progenitors but, instead, are manifestations of a mosaic of subtumorigenic effects of the carcinogenic stimulus on cellular functions associated with the control of cell division and phenotypic character. The observed foci and tumour characteristics suggest that these carcinogen induced cellular changes define elements of the mechanism whereby a specific neoplastic transformation site is rendered more accessible to carcinogenic attack. PMID- 6536602 TI - Multistage and multifactorial carcinogenesis in hereditary tumours, with special reference to retinoblastoma. PMID- 6536603 TI - Oestrogens and the etiology and clinical course of breast cancer. PMID- 6536604 TI - Drugs, food additives and natural products as promoters in rat urinary bladder carcinogenesis. AB - The promoting effects of various chemicals on urinary bladder carcinogenesis in rats initiated with N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine (BBN) were studied. Male Fischer 344 rats were given BBN at 0.01% or 0.05% in their drinking-water for four weeks. One of the following chemicals was then administered in the diet for 32 or 34 weeks: acetazolamide, allopurinol, phenobarbital, phenacetin, ortho phenylphenol, sodium ortho-phenylphenate, diphenyl, sodium L-ascorbate, butylated hydroxyanisole, butylated hydroxytoluene, sodium saccharin, aspartame, sodium cyclamate, stevioside, DL-tryptophan, quercetin, caffeine, nicotine and hippuric acid. Phenacetin, sodium ortho-phenylphenate, sodium L-ascorbate and butylated hydroxyanisole were significant promoters of urinary bladder neoplasia in rats initiated with BBN. Sodium saccharin, diphenyl, butylated hydroxytoluene, allopurinol, and DL-tryptophan caused moderate or slight promotion of neoplastic changes in the experimental animals. No change in tumour yield was observed after administration of the other chemicals. PMID- 6536605 TI - Influence of ethyl alcohol on carcinogenesis induced with N-nitrosodiethylamine. PMID- 6536606 TI - Initiation and promotion actions of ultraviolet radiation on malignant melanoma. PMID- 6536607 TI - Cocarcinogens of the tumour-promoter type as potential risk factors of cancer in man. A first complete experimental analysis of an etiological model situation and some of its consequences. AB - The black and Creole population of the Caribbean island of Curacao (Netherlands Antilles) is burdened by an exceedingly high rate of oesophageal cancer. As a part of the local diet, the fresh green leaves of the aromatic bush Croton flavens L., known locally as 'welensali', are used to prepare a 'bush tea' drunk commonly as a beverage. Additional habitual uses of the leaves and of other parts of the plant are widespread. Investigations of soluble extracts of roots and leaves of welensali and of welensali tea revealed the presence of a multitude of irritant 'welensali factors', of which there are essentially two activity types, F and F'. F-types exhibit strong initiation (or tumour)-promoting activity on the back skin of the mouse, qualitatively and quantitatively comparable with that of the chemically related and well established promoter 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol 13-acetate. F'-types are less active than the corresponding F-types, yet they are 'cryptic promoters' operationally. F- and F'-types are, respectively, diterpene di- and triesters, with polyfunctional tigliane structures, e.g., welensali factor F1. Together, they comprise a minimum content of 0.32 and 0.04% in roots and fresh green leaves, respectively. Welensali tea contains two mixtures of F- and of F'-types, each comprising three welensali factors, irritant and promoting in mouse skin. The estimated total minimum content of welensali factors per cup of tea is 1.6 micrograms/L. The estimated content of welensali factors type F in one cup of welensali tea, (the preparation of Croton flavens most frequently consumed on Curacao) is equivalent to more than 10 times the irritant dose 50 of the typical welensali promoter F1 on the mouse ear. Welensali factors type F' contained in one cup are approximately equivalent to the irritant dose 50 of the typical 'cryptic' welensali promoter F1-20-decanoate. Therefore, the overall exposure of persons at risk on Curacao exceeds that expected to maintain chronic irritation in the human oesophagus, which is considered an important element of initiation/promotion. After completion of chemical analyses, on the basis of epidemiological hints derived from the local situation, experimental evidence for the involvement in cancer associated with consumption of this plant also of putative initiators of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon type is presented. Thus, for the first time in an epidemiologically established dietary cancer, chronic exposure to well-defined cocarcinogens of the promoter type is shown most likely to represent the principal carcinogenic risk involved ('cocarcinogen hypothesis').(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6536608 TI - Agriculturally-related carcinogenic risk. AB - Although all people are exposed throughout life to pesticides (during manufacture and use, in the environment, via the food chain), with the exception of vinyl chloride and the arsenic compounds, no human carcinogen pesticide is known. In experimental animals and short-term tests, however, many pesticides have proved to be carcinogenic or genotoxic. In order to elucidate possible modes of action related to genotoxicity (short-term tests) and carcinogenicity, data on 83 pesticides were analysed. A definitive promoter effect was demonstrated for five compounds, and a suspected promoter effect could be attributed to 16 compounds. Almost all were organohalogens. Ethylenthiourea and aminotriazole are also carcinogens, which induce tumours through hormonal imbalance. Ethylenthiourea is the degradation product and metabolite of certain ethylene-bisdithiocarbamate pesticides. Chlorphenol and chlorophenoxyacetic acid-type pesticides contain 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-paradioxin (TCDD) as a contaminant. TCDD has definite promoter action. Seventeen tumorigenic pesticides could be regarded as genotoxic, and similar activity could be suspected in three other carcinogenic pesticides. Many pesticides contain N-nitroso impurities in various amounts. Nitrosation of the original pesticide or its derivative, such as dialkylamines, alkyl arylamines, methyleneimines, gives rise to the formation of N-nitroso compounds. Amides containing secondary amines, such as ethylcarbamate and alkylurea, could be nitrosated in vivo and in vitro. Most nitrosated pesticides are strong genotoxic carcinogens. PMID- 6536609 TI - Can tumour promotion be effectively inhibited? PMID- 6536610 TI - Initiation-promotion-initiation. Induction of neoplastic foci within islands of precancerous liver cells in the rat. AB - The hypothesis that during the promotion phase of carcinogenesis a second rare event leads to a promoter-independent tumour cell was tested in an initiation promotion-initiation type of experiment. Precancerous (island) cells induced in rat liver by 10 mg/kg N-nitrosodiethylamine given 24 h after partial hepatectomy were promoted by a protocol consisting of 2-acetylaminofluorene/partial hepatectomy. Administration of 25-100 mg/kg N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea served as second initiater. Microscopic foci of neoplastic cells were observed within the precancerous islands 66 days later; no such foci were noted in the appropriate controls. Deficiency of adenosine triphosphatase and glucose-6-phosphatase marker enzymes in the foci was more pronounced than in the surrounding island cells; glycogen storage was decreased and cytoplasmic basophilia slightly increased; gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase staining was negative or decreased with respect to the surrounding island cells, which exhibited a partially positive reaction. We conclude that a secondary change produced by N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea in precancerous island cells leads to focus-forming cells which grow, in the absence of promoter, into foci of neoplastic phenotype. Similar rare, initiation-like events might be involved in the process of tumour promotion in general. PMID- 6536611 TI - Promoting effect of phenobarbital on N-bis (2-hydroxypropyl)nitrosamine thyroid tumorigenesis in rats. Effect of varying duration of exposure to phenobarbital. AB - Male Wistar rats were injected subcutaneously with a single dose of 280 mg N bis(2-hydroxypropyl)nitrosamine (DHPN) per 100 g body weight and then given a diet containing 500 mg/kg phenobarbital (PB) for 6, 12 and 19 weeks. Exposure to PB for 12 or 19 weeks enhanced the development of thyroid tumours in rats treated with DHPN. The incidences of thyroid tumours at the end of the experiment were 87% in rats given DHPN and then PB for 19 weeks, 83% in rats given DHPN and then PB for 12 weeks, 42% in rats given DHPN and then PB for 6 weeks, and 37% in rats given DHPN. The incidence of thyroid cancer was 12% in rats given DHPN and then PB for 19 weeks. The total numbers of thyroid tumours were: 241 in rats given DHPN and then PB for 19 weeks, 125 in rats given DHPN and then PB for 12 weeks, 65 in rats given DHPN and then PB for 6 weeks, and 23 in rats given DHPN alone. The total numbers of thyroid tumours were proportional to the period of exposure to PB. PMID- 6536612 TI - The mechanism of cocarcinogenic action of ethanol in rat liver. AB - The effects of chronic alcohol consumption on nitrosamine metabolism in vivo, DNA synthesis and repair, and carcinogen-induced preneoplasia were studied in rat liver. Following a single injection of different doses of 14C-N nitrosodimethylamine, there was no significant difference between controls and ethanol-pretreated rats in the alkylation pattern of cellular protein nor in the levels of the alkylation products 7-methylguanine and O6-methylguanine isolated from liver DNA. O6-Methylguanine-specific DNA repair was also unchanged. An increase in the number and size of foci staining negative for adenosine triphosphatase and/or positive for gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase was observed in rats treated intermittently with ethanol and N-nitrosomorpholine. The numbers of clear-cell and mixed-cell foci were also increased. An ethanol-mediated enhancement of DNA synthesis, which was ascertained by different methods, may be related to this cocarcinogenic action of the alcohol. Ethanol, however, failed to demonstrate promoting activity. Long-term treatment of carcinogen pretreated rats with ethanol, according to the classical initiation-promotion protocol, had no effect on the incidence of preneoplastic foci in liver. PMID- 6536614 TI - Virus-associated cancers in Africa. PMID- 6536613 TI - Urinary bladder carcinogenesis. PMID- 6536615 TI - Profile of liver disease in Egyptian infants and children. AB - The causes of hepatopathies were studied retrospectively in a group of 200 infants who were inpatients at the Paediatric Department of Ain Shams University, Cairo, over the period 1977-1981, and prospectively in 50 children who were outpatients of the Paediatric Hepatology Clinic over the period October 1982 March 1983. The main cause of hepatopathy in both groups was hepatitis, followed by protein-calorie malnutrition in infants and bilharziasis in children. Suggestions are made as to methods of prevention. PMID- 6536616 TI - Patterns of childhood hepatitis in the Nigerian African. AB - A total of 133 children aged between less than a month to 14 years presenting consecutively with hepatitis were prospectively studied over a 6-year period. Most cases were acute and presented at the icteric phase. The peak incidence was in very young infants whose illness had to be differentiated from congenital biliary tract obstruction. The older children exhibited the usual manifestations of lethargy, anorexia and tenderness over the liver area to varying degrees. There were 2 cases of chronic active hepatitis in children aged 13 and 14 years, one a female and the other a male. Their illness was controlled with steroid therapy. The serum biochemistry was characteristic in all cases. Serological tests revealed that about 55% of the children had antibody to hepatitis A virus but only 4% demonstrated HAV-specific IgM, while 15% had hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and 23% demonstrated antibody to core antigen (HBcAg). While most of the children with acute hepatitis made a full clinical and biochemical recovery, 2 have persistent HBs antigenaemia. There were 3 deaths in children who had fulminant hepatitis. Our results show that exposure to hepatitis A virus appears to be prevalent in Nigerian children and probably occurs quite early in life, and infections with hepatitis B virus and perhaps other hepatotropic viruses are also not uncommon. The surveillance of such children and long-term follow-up are necessary. There is already compelling evidence to indicate that hepatocellular carcinoma, prevalent among young adults in our environment, may be related to hepatitis B antigenaemia persisting over several years. The need for an effective vaccine against hepatitis B virus infection cannot, therefore, be over-emphasized. PMID- 6536617 TI - WHO cancer control programme in the African region. AB - The control of communicable diseases, malnutrition and birth complications has been the main preoccupation of the Member States of the African Region of WHO. As a result of these control measures, death rates, particularly among infants and young children, have continued to decline. This has increased life expectancy to the extent that we are now witnessing the emergence of the diseases prevalent in the industrial world: they have already become a major public health problem in Africa. Carcinoma of the cervix and hepatocellular carcinoma are the commonest forms of cancer afflicting the people of this Region. Others include cancers of the breast, skin, prostate, oesophagus, stomach and bladder. Burkitt's lymphoma is the commonest childhood malignancy. The causal factors of some of these tumours are known, and can therefore be eliminated by primary prevention. This is shown by the almost total absence of carcinoma of the penis in those communities that practise male circumcision, and the decrease in the incidence of squamous cell carcinoma of the skin that resulted from the prevention of tropical ulcer, thanks to effective care of injuries and wounds. The priorities of the WHO cancer programme are therefore primary prevention, early detection and the provision of adequate pain relief. The success of the programme will depend mainly on whether the services provided will benefit the majority of the population. PMID- 6536619 TI - [Cytological detection of lesions of the uterine cervix: results of a campaign in Senegal]. AB - The authors have analysed the results of 5131 Papanicolaou tests carried out in Senegal between November 1980 and July 1983. They emphasize the importance of classes II and III, which correspond to lesions that can be treated so as to ensure prevention of cervical cancer. The classical etiopathogenic factors of this type of cancer are studied, and results obtained from a group tested systematically are compared with those of a group that were tested only at the time of a gynaecological examination for another purpose. This comparison demonstrated the usefulness of systematic screening. The authors propose a scheme for organizing the prevention and screening of this type of cancer at the subregional level in Africa. PMID- 6536618 TI - Control of cancer of the cervix: feasibility of screening for premalignant lesions in an African environment. AB - Cancer of the cervix is a common disease in sub-Saharan Africa and tends to be diagnosed later than in the developed countries. The disease is therefore associated with a high mortality under African conditions. In addition, it occurs at a much earlier age in Africa than in Europe and North America. The etiology is unknown, but early adolescent sexual exposure has been shown to occur more frequently in cancer patients than in controls. Child marriage, found in many African countries, may therefore be a contributing factor. In contrast, the suggestion that male circumcision reduces the incidence of cancer of the cervix has not been confirmed by studies of different ethnic groups in Kenya. Since cervical intraepithelial neoplasm may develop in African women before the age of 20, screening must be started as soon as women become sexually active, and early diagnosis of invasive disease must be the first aim. As the number of gynaecologists available is small, nurses and midwives must be instructed in examination of the cervix. In Kenya, a cytology research department was established in 1981 and has carried out three surveys of asymptomatic women. The survey data suggest much higher prevalence rates of abnormal cytology than those reported in the developed countries. PMID- 6536620 TI - [Retrospective study of cancer of the uterine cervix seen in Casablanca from 1971 to 1972]. AB - The authors present a retrospective study of 383 cases of cervical cancer seen at the Bergonie Centre in Casablanca in 1971 and 1972. An epidemiological analysis of this cancer is given, as well as the results of a clinical and therapeutic study. The long-term results for this series are very satisfactory, since survival at five years for carcinomas, which are the most frequent, was 30%, despite the variety of therapeutic regimens used at the time of treatment. PMID- 6536621 TI - Carcinoma of the penis in Uganda. AB - Carcinoma of the penis is the commonest cancer of males in Uganda, particularly among the different uncircumcised ethnic groups. The great variations in frequency among those groups, however, suggest that other factors may play an important role. These factors may be infections, so that circumcision may act only by permitting better penile hygiene. Condylomata acuminata are also common in Uganda and can resemble carcinoma both clinically and histologically. PMID- 6536622 TI - Nasopharyngeal cancer in Nigeria. AB - Nasopharyngeal cancer, once considered to be non-existent or rare in the African, is now accepted as being far from uncommon. Experience of this disease in Nigeria over a 15-year period is presented. As elsewhere there is a preponderance of males over females, but the peak age of incidence is lower than that observed in the Western world. Cancers of epithelial origin predominate. The commonest early sign of the disease is upper deep cervical adenopathy usually, but not always, with nasal and/or aural symptoms. Cranial nerve involvement has been observed early in about 30% of cases and occasionally this may be the only symptom or sign at first presentation and so may require a high index of suspicion to discover its origin. Viral, environmental and other possible etiological factors are considered. Delay in seeking or being referred for hospital treatment is common, and patients often present at such an advanced stage that only palliation can be offered. The cure and survival rates, not surprisingly, are low. Increasing awareness of the prevalence of the disease at all ages and alertness in recognizing its various presenting features are essential, as are early diagnosis and improved facilities for treatment. Elimination of suspected environmental and other controllable etiologies, and efforts to provide immunization against the viruses concerned are needed to help in reducing the incidence of the disease. PMID- 6536623 TI - [Cancer of the nasopharynx in Morocco: epidemiological approach]. AB - Between 1 April 1980 and 30 Septembre 1983, 412 cases of nasopharyngeal carcinoma were seen at the Bergonie Cancer Centre in Casablanca (the sole centre in the country), representing 4.76% of all malignant tumours diagnosed in that period. This percentage is low, since the majority of these tumours are not diagnosed outside the big towns but indicates that Morocco is an area of moderate incidence for this cancer. We have studied the epidemiological aspects of our series; there is a predominance of males (sex ratio, 2.25: M:F); the average age is 43 years with a large proportion of young people (24.6% are less than 30 years old). A high incidence is observed in the north of the country, where, however, more medical facilities are available. Advanced tumours are common: 15% cannot be treated; 32.5% are in stage T4, and 70% have metastatic cervical nodes. Pathologically, 90% are undifferentiated carcinomas of the nasopharyngeal type. The results of the immunological study do not exclude a viral (Epstein-Barr virus) contribution. Prospective epidemiological studies are needed to elucidate the exact profile of this cancer in our country. PMID- 6536624 TI - Kaposi's sarcoma in Zaire. AB - Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) was recognized in 1948 in Zaire, where it has probably always been endemic. In 1957 a relative frequency of KS of 9% of all biopsied cancers was found. There are fluctuations in incidence within the country, with a higher incidence in the east, where it was estimated in 1960 at about 5-10 cases per 100 000 per year in males, with a relative frequency of 14% of all malignant male tumours and a M/F ratio higher than 10/1. More recently KS accounted for roughly 17% in males and 2% in females of all malignant biopsied tumours in north east Zaire (1969-1983). In 2 years (1982-1983), 26 male and 5 female KS cases were histologically confirmed in an area of eastern Zaire with a population of roughly 300 000 people. It has been suggested, on the basis of this high incidence of KS and of the recent identification of African AIDS cases, that the hypothetical transmissible agent in AIDS might originate from Central Africa. The frequency of KS in African AIDS cases was low (16%) as compared to that in the USA. The M/F ratio of AIDS was 6/4 and that of AIDS-associated KS 1/1. AIDS associated cases occurred in young adults and were generalized and fulminating. African KS occurs at a younger modal age than in Caucasians, which is the combined result of increasing incidence with age and of the high proportion of young people in the population in Africa but not of a higher risk for younger male adults, as in AIDS.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6536625 TI - Short communication: a retrospective review of patients with Kaposi's sarcoma treated in the Radiotherapy Department, Kenyatta National Hospital 1973-1983. PMID- 6536626 TI - Pathology of Burkitt's lymphoma in Zaire. AB - A study was made of 527 cases of lymphoma diagnosed over the period 1960-1980 in the Department of Pathology of the University of Kinshasa. Of these cases, 115 were found to be Burkitt's lymphoma, the maxilla being the most frequently affected site. Most of the cases (74%) were diagnosed during the first decade of life and the majority (75%) of the cases of maxillary BL occurred in young children. The results show that the disease is quite common in Zaire and occurs in all the Provinces of the country and among all ethnic groups. PMID- 6536627 TI - Changes in the presentation of Burkitt's lymphoma in Ghana over a 15-year period (1969-1982). AB - Over a 15-year period, 485 cases of Burkitt's lymphoma (BL) mainly from the southern half of Ghana, were referred to the Burkitt's Tumour Project in Accra, Ghana. From an analysis of the numbers of cases referred each year, the sites of tumour involvement, and the age and sex frequencies, it was concluded that: (i) the number of cases of BL diagnosed in Ghana has decreased progressively over the last 15 years; the number of newly diagnosed cases is now only about one half of what it was 10 years ago; (ii) the male/female ratio has remained practically unchanged over this period; (iii) there has been an overall increase in patients presenting with abdominal disease and a decrease in those presenting with facial disease. This change was particularly apparent in males, in whom the proportion of cases with abdominal disease has more than doubled; (iv) there has been a progressive increase in age at presentation for both males and females over the 15-year period. The possible implications of, and reasons for the above findings are discussed. PMID- 6536628 TI - [Hodgkin's disease in Zaire: histological and anatomo-clinical profile]. AB - A total of 139 cases of Hodgkin's disease diagnosed over a 20-year period in the Department of Pathology, Kinshasa University Hospital, have been analysed with regard to relative frequency, histological type, anatomical site and age and sex of patients. Hodgkin's disease was found to be the most frequent of all lymphomas diagnosed, i.e., 139/527 cases or 26.37%. Histological forms reputed to be of poorer prognosis - mixed cellular and lymphocyte depleted - predominate and represent 31.5% and 31%, respectively, while the lymphocyte-predominant and scleronodular forms account for only 26.5% and .11%, respectively. Lymph nodes were the most frequent site affected (84%). More males are affected than females (ratio, 2.56:1); and the majority (49%) of people suffering from this lymphoma range from 18 to 40 years of age. These findings do not provide a complete pathological profile of Hodgkin's lymphoma in Zaire. Nevertheless they indicate the main features that require further similar investigations in other areas of the country, before any definitive conclusions can be reached. PMID- 6536629 TI - Short communication: malaria and Burkitt's lymphoma in North Mara, Tanzania. PMID- 6536630 TI - Extent of utilisation of maternal care services of P.H.C. by the families of a rural area. PMID- 6536631 TI - Medical care activities of village health guides--an assessment. PMID- 6536632 TI - A longitudinal study on morbidity pattern amongst housewives in rural Rajasthan. PMID- 6536634 TI - A few observations on measles immunisation programme. PMID- 6536635 TI - Acute organophosphorous poisoning. PMID- 6536633 TI - Socio-economic correlates of fertility and contraceptive practices amongst target couples of a rural community. PMID- 6536637 TI - Fear of crime among elderly Jews in Boston and London. AB - This article deals with the impact of fear of crime on the daily behavior of elderly Jews in two racially mixed, deteriorating neighborhoods, one in Boston and the other in London. Although people in both places expressed their fears in a similar language, their behavior was different: the Boston elderly retreated behind locked doors, while the London elderly continued their daily routine almost uninterrupted. Three factors are discussed: crime rate in each neighborhood, the different ecological pattern of both cities, and the impact of racial change. Above all, it seems, the different effect of fear of crime on behavior can be explained by the way the elderly regarded themselves vis-a-vis the community. The London Jews still felt themselves to be a part of their community while the Boston Jews felt alienated from it. PMID- 6536636 TI - Significant others and fear of crime among the elderly. AB - The authors examine demographic, environmental, behavioral, and social psychological factors that affect fear of crime among the elderly. Using a structural equation model, relevant variables are examined. Confirming earlier studies, elderly women are found to be more fearful than other groups. Further, social isolation, type of housing, length of residence, and area of the city are all related to fear of crime in a predicted direction. The fearful individual expressed low satisfaction with the job being done by the police in providing protection from crime. Social interaction with neighbors and friends reduces the fear of crime among the elderly. Surprisingly, the more they socialize with their relatives, the more fear they express. PMID- 6536638 TI - The elderly offender: relative frequency and pattern of offenses. AB - There is considerable literature on the elderly victim but almost none on the elderly offender. This study presents data on the relative frequency of felonies and misdemeanors by age and patterns of offenses for one jurisdiction, Dade County (Miami), Florida in 1980 and 1982. The pattern of offenses by the elderly was found to be varied with no concentration in the expected areas (shoplifting and child molesting). Age was found to be a better predictor of offense rates than sex or race. Persons aged eighteen to twenty-four were 138 times as likely to be charged with a felony as persons aged sixty-five and over. The highest offense rate for any age/sex/race subgroup (non-white male, eighteen to twenty four) was 3,089 times the rate for the subgroup (white females, sixty-five and over) with the lowest felony rate. PMID- 6536640 TI - Distribution of lymphocyte subsets in lymph nodes of leprosy patients. PMID- 6536641 TI - [Leprosy in Northern India. XV. A study of twice-repeated total survey in three villages in the suburbs of Agra city]. PMID- 6536639 TI - Idiographic assessment of the self in the aged: a case for the use of the Q-sort. AB - Literature bearing on the use of the Q-sort in gerontological research is discussed. It is argued that the measurement of self-concept and the design of outcome measures with elderly clients should be rooted in a perspective emphasizing multiple, interactive determinants of life-span development; increases in intraindividual variability/interindividual differences with age; ecological validity; and a growing concern for the practical utility and acceptability of nontraditional counseling and psychotherapy and the aged. Suggestions for the development and use of the Q-sort in evaluating intervention oriented efforts from within such a perspective on the self in old age and on outcome research with elderly clients are offered. PMID- 6536642 TI - [A case of acute renal failure after intermittent rifampicin therapy]. PMID- 6536643 TI - Leprosy as a metabolic disease. PMID- 6536644 TI - Cobalt--from bacteria to borax bead test. PMID- 6536645 TI - Effect of bile acids on the glycoprotein constituent of gastric mucus. AB - The effect of bile acids on the glycoprotein constituent of gastric mucus was investigated. Ghosh-Lai rat stomachs were instilled in vivo for 1 h with buffered saline (control) followed by various bile acids in saline at pH 2.0-7.0. Following quantitative recovery, the instillates were used for the isolation of mucus glycoprotein. The results of analyses revealed that while taurocholic acid exerted essentially identical depletory effects throughout the entire pH range tested, the cholic acid had little depletory effect on the mucus below pH 5.0, and glycocholic acid below pH 4.0. The extent of mucus glycoprotein depletion by bile acids under optimal pH conditions was clearly dependent upon the bile acid concentration as well as its type. The maximum depletory effect with the lowest concentration of bile acid was achieved with taurocholate followed by glycocholate and cholate. Comparison of the depletory effects of mono-, di-, and trihydroxy conjugated and unconjugated bile acids revealed that, within each group, the highest degree of mucus glycoprotein depletion occurred with taurine conjugates. The number of hydroxyl groups on the bile acid molecule appears to exert a less evident effect on the depletory capacity. The results suggest that the in vivo depletion of gastric mucus of its glycoprotein constituent by bile acids depends on the pH of luminal exposure and on the bile acid composition. PMID- 6536646 TI - Bioluminescent assay of lactate dehydrogenase and its isoenzyme-1 activity. AB - A bioluminescent assay based on the bacterial luciferase reaction has been developed for the determination of total lactate dehydrogenase and heart-specific lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme-1 activity in serum. The lactate dehydrogenase catalyzed reaction was measured in both directions, but NADH formation (lactate-- -pyruvate) is recommended because it allows the use of optimal reaction conditions. Internal calibration with a known amount of NADH accounts for possible interference from samples when both NADH formation and consumption are followed. The bioluminescent method is sensitive, has good precision, and is readily automated. Serum lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme-1 was immunochemically isolated and the activity was assayed by bioluminescence. A good correlation between the bioluminescent assays and the conventional spectrophotometric procedure used as reference was obtained. PMID- 6536647 TI - An enzymatic synthesis of 4-methyl-L-glutamic acid diastereoisomers. AB - (2S,4R)-"erythro"- and (2S,4S)-"threo"-4-methylglutamic acids have been prepared by glutamate dehydrogenase-catalyzed reductive amination of 2-keto-(R,S)-4 methylglutaric acid, in the presence of NH4+ ions, NAD+, and a NADH recycling system (ethanol-alcohol dehydrogenase), followed by separation by anion-exchange chromatography. Nuclear magnetic resonance, electrophoretic, chromatographic, and optical properties of both isomers are reported, together with the conditions leading to the four-carbon epimerization. PMID- 6536648 TI - Purification and properties of malolactic enzyme from Lactobacillus murinus CNRZ 313. AB - The malolactic enzyme of Lactobacillus murinus was purified 79 fold. Mr = 220,000 as determined by gel filtration and gradient gel electrophoresis. The enzyme consists of two apparently identical subunits (Mr = 110,000) that were observed after treatment with sodium dodecyl sulfate. NAD protected the enzyme against inactivation and its addition, after dissociation, restored the malolactic activity. The apparent Km's for malate, NAD, and Mn2+ were 2.31 X 10(-2), 4.5 X 10(-4), and 1.4 X 10(-4) mM, respectively. Maximum enzymatic activity was observed at 37 degrees C and pH 5.5 in 0.2 M phosphate buffer. At pH values substantially different from the optimum, a positive cooperativity between substrate molecules was observed. The activation energy of the reaction was 8000 and 16,200 cal mol-1 for the temperature values more than and less than 30 degrees C, respectively. Malolactic enzyme catalyzes the NAD and manganese dependent reaction L-malate----L-lactate + CO2. Therefore, this enzyme can be distinguished from the well-known malic enzymes [L-malate: NAD+ oxidoreductase, oxaloacetate decarboxylating (EC 1.1.1.38) or decarboxylating (EC 1.1.1.39)]. PMID- 6536649 TI - Proceedings of the American Society for Apheresis Fifth Annual Apheresis Symposium: Current concepts and future trends. September 30-October 2, 1983. PMID- 6536650 TI - Responsibilities of the registered nurse in the apheresis laboratory. PMID- 6536651 TI - The need for randomized control trials. PMID- 6536652 TI - A controlled trial of plasma exchange in rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 6536653 TI - Lymphapheresis in rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 6536654 TI - Immunosuppressive drug therapy with plasmapheresis in chronic progressive multiple sclerosis: a controlled study. PMID- 6536655 TI - Single donor automated platelet collection--our experience. PMID- 6536656 TI - Granulocyte collection: a comparison of Fenwal CS 3000, IBM 2997, and haemonetics cell separators. AB - With the advent of sophisticated automated blood processors, the collection of large numbers of granulocytes for transfusion has been made more practical in the past ten years. Harvesting granulocytes by filtration leukapheresis has been abandoned in most centers because of adverse reactions in both donors and recipients. Currently, both continuous and discontinuous flow centrifugation leukapheresis techniques are available. However, both corticosteroids and hydroxyethyl starch are required for optimal granulocyte collection. In this paper, we critically compare the three major cell separators used for the collection of granulocytes by centrifugation leukapheresis. All three instruments separate blood cells by centrifugation; the IBM-2997 and the Fenwal CS-3000 function by continuous-flow centrifugation, and the Haemonetics Model 30 by discontinuous-flow centrifugation. Factors such as the donor preapheresis white blood cell count, the blood flow rate through the machine and the centrifuge speed effect granulocyte collection. Comparisons will be made of the cost of the software for each machine, the time required for granulocyte collection, the convenience of set-up and tear-down, the amount of skill and experience demanded of the operator. Donor factors will be discussed. Since the blood processor may be used for other procedures including plateletpheresis, therapeutic plasma exchange, lymphocytapheresis and erthrocytapheresis, the pros and cons of each machine as used for some of these procedures will be included in the discussion. In our experience, total leukocytes and granulocytes (neutrophils) collected with the three different instruments varied only slightly when unstimulated donors were studied.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6536657 TI - Mononuclear cell collection using various techniques. AB - During the last 15 months, 609 mononuclear cell collections were performed. Lymphocytapheresis and monocytapheresis provides cells for in vitro research studies, investigational transfusion studies and as therapeutic procedures. Automated leukapheresis procedures yields from 1.0-1.5 X 10(9) lymphocytes per liter blood processed. Monocyte yields generally 1/10 of the lymphocyte yields in both lymphocytapheresis and monocytapheresis procedures. Donors had very few reactions, and post collection CBC's showed no significant abnormalities. Mononuclear cell donation appears to have no risk to the normal donor. PMID- 6536658 TI - Anticoagulation and electrolytes. PMID- 6536659 TI - Modified fluid gelatin as a possible replacement for hydroxyethyl starch in granulocyte collection. PMID- 6536660 TI - Apheresis donor safety--changes in humoral and cellular immunity. AB - Modern techniques of mechanical hemapheresis have made it possible to selectively remove vast quantities of lymphocytes and plasma immunoglobulins, and the concentration of these substances in donor blood can fall below the normal range. It is feared that this may lead to immunosuppression; a condition associated in some clinical settings with infections, malignancy and autoimmune diseases. Using primary immunodeficiency diseases and induced immunodeficiency states (for example, therapeutic lymphocytapheresis, chronic thoracic duct drainage and intestinal lymphangiectasia) as models to judge competency of the immune system, it can be predicted that body defense mechanisms can become defective when serum IgG levels are less than 200 mg/dl or the blood lymphocyte count is less than 1000/microliter. However, impaired immunologic function can occur in the presence of normal quantities of these substances in the blood stream; conditions that may be related either to imbalances of immune regulatory factors or to qualitative (rather than quantitative) abnormalities of the immune system. A number of investigators have documented the losses of lymphocytes and plasma immunoglobulins incurred by donors experiencing mechanical hemapheresis. In addition, both the immediate and long-term decreases in the concentration of these substances in donor blood have been reported. In summary, the immediate decreases in blood lymphocyte counts and serum immunoglobulin concentrations are of slight to moderate degree and are without known adverse effects. Less information is available regarding long-term alterations of the immune system, and little data have been collected from prospective studies in which large numbers of donors have been thoroughly evaluated by modern techniques. In general, results of many laboratory studies have been altered. However, these abnormalities have been transient for the most part, and it has been difficult to document clinically significant adverse effects. Thus, the quantities of blood lymphocytes and plasma immunoglobulins that can be removed from healthy donors without causing significant immediate or long-term harm is unknown. Bearing these limitations in mind, the following recommendations are suggested regarding the frequency of repeated mechanical plasma-and-cytapheresis. 1) The usual requirements for whole blood donation must be met if the frequency of mechanical hemapheresis does not exceed once every eight weeks.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6536661 TI - The role of a medical technologist in an apheresis unit. PMID- 6536662 TI - Adverse effects in donors and patients subjected to hemapheresis. PMID- 6536663 TI - Apheresis in the pediatric patient. PMID- 6536665 TI - Treatment of hairy cell leukemia by leukapheresis: when, how, and why. PMID- 6536664 TI - Intensive plasma exchange in pediatric patients. PMID- 6536666 TI - Comparison of filtration to continuous-flow centrifugation for plasma exchange. AB - The Asahi Plasmaflo Hollow Nylon Fibre Filtration System (n = 13) was directly compared to the NCI-IBM 2990 Continuous-Flow Blood Fraction Separator (n = 10) for plasma exchange. The systems were equally efficient in achieving plasma separation. There were significant differences favouring filtration for clearance of fibrinogen (P less than 0.05), and the fourth component of complement (P less than 0.01). Greater loss of urea (P less than 0.05) was found after plasma exchange, using the cell separator. The flow characteristics were markedly different. In a standardised 4-L plasma exchange, filtration took place at 35 ml/minute, with a procedure time of 109 +/- 45 minutes in contrast to centrifugation at a plasma flow collection rate of 19 ml/minute, requiring 208 +/ 17 minutes. This time advantage for the former procedure was offset by 195 minutes required to regenerate the hollow nylon fibre unit and a further 90 minutes required for cleaning under strictly controlled aseptic techniques prior to reuse. Each filter was regenerated at least twice and reused without infection, but there was incremental loss of filtration efficiency demonstrated by decreasing clearance of an intravascular marker dye. In two of the 13 procedures using the Plasmaflo system, serious reactions necessitated termination of the procedure; this did not occur using the cell separator. Restriction of the number of times that the filter unit could be regenerated without loss of efficiency, the prolonged time required for regeneration and cleaning, coupled with the need for artificial vascular access to meet high blood flow rates required, limit the usefulness of this technique for plasma exchange. PMID- 6536667 TI - Membrane plasma exchange: principles and application techniques. AB - Membrane plasmapheresis was introduced in 1978 as a new method for performing therapeutic plasma exchange. Its principal advantages over traditional techniques include speed, ease of performance, and ready adaptability to clinical centers already performing routine extracorporeal therapy. The appearance of a membrane plasmapheresis circuit (vascular access, anticoagulation, connectology) is similar to that of hemodialysis and especially hemofiltration; the operating protocols (treatment time, filtration rates, pressures, pharmacokinetics) are quite different. Particular attention must be paid to avoiding operating conditions that lead to hemolysis. In clinical use membrane plasma separation is as effective as centrifugal plasma exchange in removing plasma proteins. The sieving coefficients for proteins with a molecular weight (MW) ranging from 67,000 (albumin) to 2,400,000 (beta-lipoprotein) daltons are unity. An exchange of one patient plasma volume has been shown to cause a 55% reduction of the serum levels of intravascular proteins. There are no significant differences between membrane and centrifugal plasmapheresis in substitution fluid requirements (human albumin or fresh frozen plasma), indications for treatment and complications. The next major advance in plasmapheresis technology will almost certainly be development of a "closed loop" circuit in which filtered plasma is treated to remove the offending moiety and returned to the patient. This would eliminate both the cost and the possible side effects of replacement fluid. Membrane-based systems are already available for removing cryoglobulins or proteins with MW of at least 900,000 daltons. PMID- 6536668 TI - Exchange transfusion as an alternative to granulocyte concentrate administration in neonates with bacterial sepsis and profound neutropenia. AB - A high rate of mortality is observed in the subset of neonates with early-onset bacterial sepsis who develop profound neutropenia and depletion of the marrow neutrophil reserve. Several studies suggest that transfusion of apheresis collected adult neutrophils into such subjects can be beneficial, yet inherent delays in preparation of neutrophil concentrates can limit their clinical utility. In six neonates with sepsis and profound neutropenia, we performed double-volume exchange transfusions using freshly drawn donor blood and determined that a net gain of 0.3-0.7 X 10(9) neutrophils/kg body weight had occurred. The blood neutrophil count of the patients increased from 220 to 1,660/mm3 before the transfusion to 1,650-5,140/mm3 immediately afterward. We next attempted to further increase the number of neutrophils delivered by exchange transfusion by subjecting blood donors to 2 min of physical exercise in order to induce neutrophilia. After such exercise, 30% (range 18-55%) more neutrophils were harvested. The metabolic burst activity and in vitro migration of neutrophils after exercise did not differ from paired preexercise values. PMID- 6536669 TI - Plasmapheresis versus lymphoplasmapheresis in rheumatoid arthritis: immunologic comparisons and literature review. AB - Eight patients with Functional Class III, seropositive, erosive rheumatoid arthritis unresponsive to remittive drugs each underwent nine aphereses over 3 weeks. Four had a 40-ml/kg plasma exchange and four others had a 40-ml/kg plasma exchange plus a mean 5.67 X 10(9) lymphocyte depletion. Both groups appeared to improve clinically. T and B cell counts and OK T4 and OK T8 ratios decreased in the lymphoplasmapheresis group. Phytohemagglutinin stimulation decreased in lymphoplasmapheresis and increased in plasmapheresis patients with significant comparisons (p = 0.02). These findings confirm and extend previous work. Plasmapheresis and lymphoplasmapheresis appear to have fundamentally different actions on lymphocyte function. PMID- 6536670 TI - Drug-resistant bronchial asthma successfully treated with plasma exchange. AB - Two patients suffering from allergic bronchial asthma who showed no improvement despite six and four weeks, respectively, of drug therapy were successfully treated with therapeutic plasma exchange. The first patient had no attacks over a period of five months, and the other patient had none for over one year. Although this report only deals with single observations, we believe that therapeutic plasma exchange is of particular value for patients with severe allergic bronchial asthma because it eliminates in addition to immunocomplexes other substances, including antigens, rapidly from the blood. This means that it is possible to directly intervene in the pathomechanism. However, further investigations are necessary in order to corroborate this successful therapy. PMID- 6536671 TI - Granulocyte collection by continuous-flow centrifugation using arteriovenous shunts. AB - Two thousand nine hundred twenty-seven granulocyte collections were made using continuous-flow centrifugation with the Aminco Celltrifuge I, the Fenwal Celltrifuge II, and the IBM 2997. There were 231 recipients and 246 donors. In 32 patients attempts to provide daily granulocyte transfusions from a single donor were unsuccessful owing to clotting of the silastic-Teflon arteriovenous shunt. Repeated granulocyte donations produced severe anemia requiring red cell transfusions in all the females and most of the males who had previously donated marrow for transplantation. Granulocyte collections were similar when collected with the Celltrifuge I or the IBM 2997, but collections with the Celltrifuge II were smaller. Infusion of hydroxyethyl starch directly into whole blood as it entered the centrifuge increased granulocyte collections. Granulocyte collections decreased with increasing number of daily collections. PMID- 6536672 TI - Phosphate transport, membrane potential, and movements of calcium in rat liver mitochondria. AB - The membrane potential and calcium accumulation of mitochondria were followed by ion-specific electrodes in the presence of the proton-donor anions phosphate, acetate, glutamate, and beta-hydroxybutyrate. Phosphate was the only anion which allowed rapid and complete restoration of both the membrane potential and the steady-state extramitochondrial calcium concentration after the uptake of 100-200 nmol calcium per mg protein. If there was no influx of any proton-donor anion, the extent of calcium uptake depended on the intramitochondrial phosphate content. Both the fall of the membrane potential and the increase of the external calcium concentration brought about by a given amount of uncoupler were counteracted by phosphate transported into the mitochondria. PMID- 6536673 TI - On the mechanism of inhibition of NADH oxidase by ubiquinone-3. AB - The combined effects of rotenone and ubiquinone-3 on the kinetics of NADH dehydrogenase and NADH oxidase have been investigated. The two inhibitors do not show additivity; on the other hand, ubiquinone-3, when preincubated with the enzyme, partially removes rotenone sensitivity. The inhibition of NADH oxidase by ubiquinone-3 is the result of at least two combined effects: the competition of the less active ubiquinone-3 with endogenous ubiquinone-10 in the acceptor site of the dehydrogenase, and a nonspecific action on the structure of complex I. The latter effect is perhaps mediated by a physical change of the phospholipid bilayer similar to that observed with agents such as butanol, perturbing lipid protein interactions in the membrane. PMID- 6536674 TI - The kinetics of P515 in relation to the lipid composition of the thylakoid membrane. AB - Flash-induced P515 absorbance changes have been studied in dark-adapted chloroplasts isolated from spinach plants grown under two different light intensities. The slow component (reaction 2), normally present in the P515 response of chloroplasts isolated from plants grown at an intensity of 60 W X m 2, was largely reduced in chloroplasts isolated from plants grown at an intensity of 6 W X m-2. This reduction of the slow component in the P515 response appeared to be coincident with an alteration in the lipid composition of the thylakoid membrane. Mainly the ratio monogalactosyldiacylglycerol to digalactosyldiacylglycerol appeared to be altered. In thylakoids from plants grown at 6 W X m-2, the ratio was approximately 35% lower than that of plants grown at 60 W X m-2. The amount of both cytochrome b563 and cytochrome f was largely reduced in chloroplasts isolated from plants grown at low light intensity. These results may indicate a possible correlation between structural organization of the thylakoid membrane and the kinetics of the flash-induced P515 response. PMID- 6536675 TI - In vitro bioassay of LH: some methodological aspects. PMID- 6536676 TI - Italian external quality control program for LH immunoassay. PMID- 6536677 TI - Bioassay of LH as a prognostic index for gonadotropin therapy in oligozoospermia. PMID- 6536678 TI - [Comparative study of two-dimensional echocardiography and left ventriculography in detecting interventricular septal asynergy in myocardial infarction]. AB - We investigated the reasons for discrepancies between two-dimensional echocardiography (2DE) and left ventriculography (LVG) in detecting interventricular septal asynergy in anterior or inferior myocardial infarction. Twenty-six patients with anterior infarctions due to proximal lesions of the left anterior descending artery and 20 patients with inferior infarctions due to proximal lesions of the right coronary artery were studied by 2DE and LVG. A 2DE long-axis view, a short-axis view at the papillary muscle level, an apical four chamber view (AP-4CV), and right and left anterior oblique left ventriculograms (RAO-LVG and LAO-LVG) were recorded. The interventricular septum (IVS) on LAO 60 degree-LVG was divided into the basal and apical portions. 2DE and LVG were independently evaluated individually by the same readers, and the interventricular septal asynergy was classified as hypokinesis, akinesis and dyskinesis. Anterior infarction About 80% of the patients with akinesis of the apical third of the IVS in a long-axis view or of the apical half of the IVS in an AP-4CV were assessed as having akinesis of the entire septum by LAO-LVG. Inferior infarction Asynergy was echocardiographically detected in the posterior IVS in a short-axis view at the papillary muscle level. LAO-LVG showed asynergy in the apical third of the posterolateral segment (segment 7) in all cases and akinesis in the apical IVS in six of 20 patients (30%). In conclusion, the extent of asynergy of the IVS in anterior infarction is overestimated by LAO-LVG compared to 2DE, and asynergy of the apex assessed by LAO-LVG in inferior infarction will correspond to that of the inferior segment by 2DE. This discrepancy is attributed to the different planes between a long-axis view and an LVG projection. We conclude both LVG and 2DE are mandatory for estimating accurately the extent of asynergy in the infarcted IVS. PMID- 6536679 TI - [Quantitation of mitral regurgitation by left ventricular blood flow dynamics: a pulsed Doppler echocardiographic study]. AB - Using pulsed Doppler echocardiography, the blood flow dynamics in the left ventricular cavity were studied in 52 cases with mitral regurgitation (MR) (32 cases of grade 1 or 2 and 20 cases of grade 3 or 4 according to the Sellers' classification) were studied to quantify the severity of MR. Twelve healthy subjects served as the control. The results were as follows: At the mitral orifice, systolic laminar flow toward the left atrial cavity was observed in 17 cases with grade 3 or 4 MR. This flow was shown to begin at the isovolumic contraction phase and it had a higher velocity in end-systole. Thus, it could easily be differentiated from ejection flow observed in the left ventricular outflow tract. The duration of systolic blood flow in the mid-ventricle was significantly prolonged over that in the outflow tract in cases with grade 3 or 4 MR compared to those with grade 1 or 2 MR (grade 1 or 2: 4 +/- 27 msec, grade 3 or 4: 65 +/- 35 msec, p less than 0.001), indicating that MR continued even after the end of left ventricular ejection. The velocity of early diastolic left ventricular inflow was estimated for cases having isolated MR (16 cases with mitral chordal rupture and one case of mitral valve prolapse syndrome). In the healthy subjects and cases with grade 1 or 2 MR, the velocity was less than 84 cm/sec. The velocity was increased more than 100 cm/sec in grade 3 or 4 MR. These observations indicated the clinical potential of abnormal blood flow dynamics in the left ventricular cavity in the semi-quantification of MR. PMID- 6536680 TI - [Mitral valve prolapse in patients with anorexia nervosa]. AB - Mitral valve prolapse (MVP) is frequently observed in patients with low body weight and/or skeletal abnormalities such as pectus excavatum and straight spines. There may be a variety of associated autonomic dysfunctions. Whether MVP is a complication of anorexia nervosa which has similar clinical features, including weight loss, skeletal abnormalities and autonomic dysfunctions, has not been reported. The present study was an investigation of the incidence of MVP and cardiac function in anorexia nervosa by echocardiography. Two-dimensional and M mode echocardiography, and systolic time intervals were evaluated for 19 women with anorexia nervosa, from 13 to 25 years of age and having a mean age of 18.2 years. Their body weights ranged from 23.9 to 43 kg with a mean of 33.5 kg, and were at least 25% less than their ideal body weights (ranges were from 25 to 52%). The same studies were performed for 19 women with MVP diagnosed echocardiographically and without anorexia nervosa as controls. Their ages ranged from 14 to 26 years. Results were as follows: MVP was observed in 74% of patients with anorexia nervosa. The mean heart rates were 51.7 and 70.5/min in the anorexia nervosa and control groups, respectively. A significant difference (p less than 0.001) was observed between the two groups. The mean heart rate of patients with anorexia nervosa having MVP of both leaflets and no MVP were 45.8 and 59.0/min, respectively. The difference between these two sub-groups was statistically significant (p less than 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6536681 TI - [A clinicopathologic study of valvular aortic stenosis in the aged]. AB - To evaluate the usefulness of phonocardiography (PCG), carotid pulse recording (CAG) and echocardiography (UCG) used in diagnosing valvular aortic stenosis (AS) in the aged, we performed a clinicopathologic study of 23 autopsied patients with pathological evidence of aortic stenosis (AS). There were eight men and 15 women, whose ages averaged 82 years. PCG and CAG were available in 15 patients, and UCG was available in 13 patients. We classified the subjects into three groups; Group A with calcified AS, Group B with bicuspid AS and Group C with rheumatic AS. The following results were obtained. There were 12 patients in Group A, four in Group B and seven in Group C. Patients in Group A were older than those in Group B or C (A; 84-year-old, B; 80-year-old, C; 79-year-old on the average). The mean heart weight of Group A was less than that of Group B or C (A; 345 g, B; 453 g, C; 486 g). Congestive heart failure was more frequent in Groups B and C than in Group A. The fourth heart sound was recorded on the PCG in nine of 11 patients without atrial fibrillation, but there was no difference in incidence among the three groups. An ejection systolic murmur was recorded in all cases and a diastolic murmur of aortic regurgitation in 10. No patients had shudder formation on the CAG. The T-time tended to be prolonged in AS, especially in Groups B and C. The peak of the systolic murmur tended to be late in systole in Groups B and C. A1 peak/LVET was significantly increased in Groups B and C (A; 0.38, B; 0.51, C; 0.47). The decreased amplitude of aortic valvular opening (AVO) and the dense diastolic echo of the aortic valve were observed in all AS cases. The AVO of Group A was significantly less in amplitude than that of Group C (A; 3.6, C; 6.4). Thus, we could differentiate Group A from Groups B and C by various non invasive techniques. These findings may be attributed to the different anatomic features of the aortic valves among these three groups. PMID- 6536682 TI - [Left ventricular function in patients with right ventricular overload evaluated by exercise echocardiography: comparison of pulmonary hypertension and atrial septal defects]. AB - To evaluate left ventricular function in patients (pts) with right ventricular overload, exercise echocardiographic studies using a bicycle ergometer were performed for seven pts with pulmonary hypertension (PH), two with cor pulmonale (CP) and 16 with atrial septal defects (ASD), and the results were compared with those of 10 (control I) and 27 (control II) normal persons. These subjects were categorized in two study groups; study I consisting of PH, CP and control group I with an exercise workload of 25 watts for 3 min; and study II consisting of ASD and control group II with an exercise workload of 50 watts for 3 min. The results were as follows: M-mode echocardiography revealed that: During exercise, the stroke volume (SV) was increased with a significant decrease of left ventricular end-systolic dimension (LVDs), but without a change in left ventricular end diastolic dimension (LVDd) in control groups I and II, with a marked increase of LVDd and a slight decrease of LVDs in the ASD group. By contrast, the SV in the PH group tended to decrease during exercise with a slight decrease of LVDd, but without a significant change in LVDs. Right ventricular dimension (RVD) was significantly increased during exercise in the PH group, but was decreased in the ASD group. In control groups I and II, RVD did not change during exercise. In ASD, and control groups I and II, the peak velocity of circumferential fiber shortening (Vcf) was increased during exercise, and the peak negative Vcf was significantly decreased. However, these parameters exhibited impaired responses during exercise in the PH group. Abnormal interventricular septal (IVS) motion at rest tended to become normal during exercise in 12 of 16 pts with ASD. In all pts with PH, however, IVS motion did not change substantially during exercise. There were similar parameter responses between the PH and CP groups. Two-dimensional echocardiography showed that: The left ventricular short-axis view demonstrated a diastolic left ventricular configuration which changed from oblique to relatively circular orientation during exercise in the ASD group. In four of five pts with PH, the diastolic configuration of the left ventricle was oblique because of a loss of the normal curvature of the IVS at rest and during exercise. The diastolic left ventricular configuration improved during exercise in only one pt with PH, with slightly elevated pulmonary arterial systolic pressure as in the ASD group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6536683 TI - Hemodynamic and pharmacologic influences on the left ventricular echo dimension apex cardiogram loop in dogs. AB - Study of left ventricular pressure-volume relations has been limited by technical problems associated with left ventricular catheterization and angiography. A new approach using simultaneous recording of calibrated left ventricular apex cardiograms and echocardiographic M-mode dimensions was used to observe anesthetized dogs. The effect of various alterations in preload, afterload, and the inotropic state of the left ventricle on echo dimension-calibrated apex cardiogram plots sampled at 0.01 sec intervals was studied to test the method, and to clarify some of the determinants of the area of the loop. These areas were calculated in cm2 and the values of M-mode echo dimension-calibrated apex cardiogram loops and M-mode echo dimension-left ventricular pressure loops were similar in form and magnitude, and standard deviations under various hemodynamic interventions. Moreover, the impedance field, effective stroke field, and filing field were divided by the total surface of the loops. Whereas, alteration in afterload changed the impedance field, variation in preload especially affected the filling field; inotropic background was reflected in the effective stroke field. It is concluded that the value of both M-mode echocardiography and calibrated apex cardiography is enhanced by a combination of the two methods, and opens the possibility of a fresh approach to the noninvasive study of cardiac performance. PMID- 6536685 TI - [Observation of magnetic fields from three directions, and the moving image of the heart in a normal subject]. AB - Three components of the magnetic field generated by the heart over the anterior aspect of the chest in a normal subject were detected using a Superconducting Quantum Interference Device (SQUID) magnetometer with a single detecting coil in a magnetically shielded room. Contour maps and color density maps of the field were prepared by computer. Movies of sequential magnetic fields of the vertical component on the anterior aspect of the chest were made from these maps. In the movies, the maximum moved from the upper central portion to right lower portion in the early stage of ventricular excitation. It moved to the central portion in the middle stage, then returned to the upper central portion in the late stage. Three-dimensional maps of instantaneous magnetic fields over the anterior portion of the chest were derived from maps of three components of the field, and from presumed heart vectors and were drawn as arrows, based on the Viot-Savart theorem. Heart vectors from these field maps corresponded well with septal forces in the early stage, left ventricular free wall force in the middle stage and the basal force in the late stage, respectively. However, large circulating vectors in the form of clockwise rotation in the central portion were also presumed. These circulating heart vectors did not correspond with the sequence of cardiac excitation as reported by Durrer et al. This discrepancy may have been caused by the fact that the vertical electric current could not be expressed from our display for presuming an electric force. Therefore, new displays and interpretations may be required for the expression of heart vectors. PMID- 6536684 TI - [Estimation of ventricular activation by scintigraphic phase image analysis]. AB - We examined the capabilities of scintigraphic phase imaging in detecting the site of the onset of ventricular activation and the pattern of ventricular activation sequence. ECG-gated equilibrium cardiac blood pool scintigraphy was obtained in the left anterior oblique (LAO) and right anterior oblique (RAO) projections. The standard 12-lead electrocardiograms (ECG) were recorded in 29 cases with various conditions. These included seven normal subjects as controls, eight patients (pts) with complete right bundle branch block (CRBBB), one with CRBBB and left axis deviation (LAD), two with complete left bundle branch block (CLBBB), one with the Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome (B-type), six with right ventricular apical endocardial pacemakers, one with a right ventricular anterior wall myocardial pacemaker, and three with left ventricular apical myocardial pacemakers. Phase image analysis was performed using the first harmonic of the Fourier transform to fit a cosine curve to the time-activity curve of each pixel in the cardiac blood pool study. The results were as follows: In pts with WPW syndrome (B-type) and artificial pacemakers, the site of the earliest phase angle corresponded to the site of the onset of ventricular activation as predicted by ECG and chest radiographs, respectively. However, in normal subjects and in pts with CRBBB, the site of the earliest phase angle was observed at the basal (upper) interventricular septum, which was different from the site of the onset of ventricular activation previously reported by Sodi-Pallares et al and Durrer et al. This discrepancy may have been caused by the paradoxical motion of the basal (upper) interventricular septum in those cases. A similar discrepancy was also observed in pts with CLBBB. Although the site of onset of ventricular activation was predicted to be near the insertion of the anterior papillary muscle of the right ventricle by ECG and electrophysiology, the pixels showing early phase angle were distributed widely along the interventricular septum in those pts with CLBBB. This error in the phase image may have been caused by the extensive paradoxical motion of the interventricular septum. Thus, caution should be exercised in estimating the site of the onset of ventricular activation by phase images. The main direction of phase changes corresponded well to the ventricular activation sequence estimated using ECG in all subjects.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6536686 TI - [Thallium-201 myocardial imaging in patients with congenital heart disease following open-heart surgery]. AB - Thallium-201 myocardial imaging was performed for 77 patients with congenital heart disease to evaluate myocardial damage following open-heart surgery. There were 23 patients with ventricular septal defects, 33 with tetralogy of Fallot, 12 with atrial septal defects, and nine with other diseases. The imaging results were compared with the angiographic and electrocardiographic findings. Patchy perfusion defects or images of poor thallium uptake were noted in five of 77 patients, among whom four had accompanying serious ventricular arrhythmias. This suggested a close correlation of the post-operative ventricular arrhythmias with myocardial damage. For 20 of 77 patients, vents were inserted through the left ventricle, and for the remaining 57 through the left atrium. Perfusion defects were found at the apex in three, and left ventriculography showed a paradoxical motion of the apex in five in patients whose vents were inserted through the left ventricle. Sensitivity and specificity in detecting myocardial damage of the apex were 60% and 98%, respectively. In one case, myocardial infarction was demonstrated immediately after the repair of the ventricular septal defect. Myocardial imaging was useful in evaluating the infarcted area and for follow-up study. Thus, thallium-201 myocardial imaging was regarded useful for assessing myocardial damage following open-heart surgery in congenital heart disease patients. PMID- 6536687 TI - [A computed tomographic study of aneurysms of the sinus of Valsalva]. AB - Computed tomography (CT) was performed for four patients with aneurysms of the sinus of Valsalva (each of the Konno types IVSD and IV, false aneurysm projecting into the interatrial septum, and annulo-aortic ectasia). Aneurysms were detected in three cases, and the sizes closely correlated with those of the resected specimens. However, a relatively small and mobile aneurysm of the IV type was not detected. Apparently, relatively large size (more than 10-20 mm) and immobility were necessary for the detection by CT. Reconstruction of CT images facilitated localization of the aneurysm and determining the extent of annulo-aortic ectasia. Rupture of an aneurysm was identified by observing the time course of CT values in the cardiac chambers using dynamic CT. However, better time resolution of CT is necessary for more precise diagnosis. Two-dimensional echocardiography is more convenient and diagnostically effective than CT. However, CT is a useful and non invasive examination which overcomes the technical difficulties inherent in echocardiography, such as disturbances by the lung and other artifacts. PMID- 6536688 TI - [Transient obstruction of the left ventricular outflow tract induced by excessive alcohol intake: a case report]. AB - A case of transient obstruction of the left ventricular outflow tract after excessive intake of alcohol was reported. This 41-year-old man was admitted to the Hiroo Hospital because of a syncopal attack experienced while walking. He had been drinking excessively for one week until the day before admission. On admission, physical examination revealed a bifid carotid pulse and a grade 3/6 systolic ejection murmur accentuated by Valsalva maneuvers and prompt standing. The second heart sound was paradoxically split. Echocardiography showed typical systolic anterior motion of the mitral valve (SAM). The interventricular septal and left ventricular posterior wall thicknesses were 13 mm and 11 mm, respectively. No enlargement or displacement of the papillary muscles was noted. The redundant mitral chordae tendineae protruded into the left ventricular outflow tract in systole, and both the anterior and posterior mitral valve leaflets were retracted upwards approximating the interventricular septum by these chordae, resulting in obstruction of the left ventricular outflow tract. All signs of left ventricular outflow obstruction, including SAM, disappeared within several days after admission, and prolapse of the anterior mitral leaflet became evident. Since ejection fraction was markedly increased and the corrected QT interval was prolonged on admission, this patient was considered to be in hyperadrenergic state induced by excessive alcohol intake. In this case, left ventricular outflow tract obstruction was attributed to hyperadrenergic state and a redundant mitral apparatus. PMID- 6536689 TI - [Hypereosinophilic syndrome associated with extensive asynergy of the left ventricular wall: a case report]. AB - This is a report of a case of the hypereosinophilic syndrome associated with extensive asynergy of the left ventricular wall. This 41-year-old man's hospital admission in March, 1982 was for congestive heart failure, with marked eosinophilia (34%). Slight depression of the ST segments and flatness of the T waves were observed in electrocardiographic leads I, II, III, a VF, and V 5-6. Digitalis and diuretics were ineffective, but supplementary prednisone therapy resulted in a decrease in eosinophilia and improvement of congestive heart failure. He was transferred to our hospital for further examination in May, 1982. There were no signs of congestive heart failure, but a third heart sound was detected on admission. Marked ST segment depression and inverted T waves were observed in the left precordial leads. Echocardiography cardiography showed extensive asynergy of the left ventricular wall, and progressive enlargement of the left atrium and left ventricle. High density area near the apex of the left ventricle suggested the presence of mural thrombi. A left endocardial biopsy showed organized thrombi sparsely invaded by eosinophils. There were no signs nor symptoms of peripheral emboli. Tapering of the dose of prednisone was attempted twice, but each time eosinophilia resulted. The patient is now free of symptoms, and is being maintained on 25 mg of prednisone daily. PMID- 6536690 TI - [A case of two-chambered left ventricle with echoes of an abnormal floating mass]. AB - A case of a two-chambered left ventricle with an abnormal floating mass was reported. A 13-year-old boy was admitted to our hospital because of a grade III/VI transsystolic apical murmur. Chest radiography showed mild cardiomegaly. The electrocardiogram showed QS patterns in leads V1-V3, and left ventricular high voltage with wide QRS complexes. A two-dimensional echocardiogram revealed two chambers divided by the septum in the left ventricle, and a mass floating in the apical chamber. A levogram showed the double chambered left ventricle incompatible with the findings of echocardiography. The walls of the accessory chamber and the septum were hypokinetic, but not dyskinetic. Coronary arteriograms were unremarkable. At surgery, tangled trabeculae carneae and chordae tendineae were observed on the apical surface of the septum. The accessory chamber communicated freely with the main chamber through an orifice with a diameter of 1.5 cm. No other congenital malformations were found. Microscopic examination of the accessory chamber wall showed the thickened endocardium and hypertrophic myocardial fibers, and there was no area of fibrosis. PMID- 6536691 TI - [Computerized processing of two-dimensional echo-cardiograms: its application for quantitating left ventricular regional contractility and three-dimensional echocardiography]. AB - This study assessed the computerized processing of two-dimensional echocardiograms for quantitating left ventricular regional contractility and for computer reconstruction of the left ventricle; so-called three-dimensional echocardiography. Computer analysis of two-dimensional echocardiograms for quantitative evaluations of the left ventricular regional contractility in myocardial infarction: A new practical method for computer digital image processing of two-dimensional echocardiograms was developed for quantitating left ventricular regional contractility. Short-axis cross-sectional images of the left ventricle at the levels of the mitral valve (MV), papillary muscles (PM) and the apex (AP) were recorded using a phased array sector scanner in thirty patients with healed myocardial infarction and fifteen normal control subjects. The echocardiographic data were recorded on the video tape and transferred to a minicomputer via interface circuits, digitized, and processed automatically. Each digitized image consisted of 256 X 256 pixels with a gray scale of 256 values. The edges of the endocardial and epicardial walls were detected by applying sequential steps including smoothing, dynamic thresholding, region growing, and filling of small holes. The rationale of edge detection depended on assuming that abrupt changes in gray levels occurred at the boundary, and that the points with maximum gradient values were boundaries of the left ventricular wall. Best-fit contours of endocardial and epicardial edges were drawn by fitting a spline. Besides this automatic edge tracing, endocardial and epicardial edges were also manually traced using a digi-pen system, whose results coincided well with automatic tracings. After detection of edges of endocardial and epicardial walls, the short-axis cross sectional left ventricular wall at each level was divided into eight segments. The geometric center of the end-diastolic left ventricular cavity and the axis connecting this with the posterior end of the right side of the septum was used as the reference point and line (fixed reference system). End diastolic and end-systolic segmental hemiaxes, segmental area, segmental wall thickness and changes during the cardiac cycle were measured and calculated automatically in each segment using a computer. Regional contractility of the left ventricle was evaluated by percent systolic changes of the segmental hemiaxis, area and wall thickness. These values were significantly reduced in the infarcted left ventricular wall as defined by left ventriculography and coronary angiography.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6536692 TI - [Clinical application of body surface mapping and its limitations]. AB - The importance of detecting the high fidelity electrical activity of the heart was cited in respect to making diagnosis and providing optimal treatment. Standard 12 lead electrocardiograms (ECG) and vectorcardiograms (VCG) are used in daily practice with well-documented theoretical and experimental bases. However, this system is somewhat inadequate because of its simplicity both in records and basic assumptions. The development of a better lead system is thus mandatory for a high diagnostic sensitivity and specificity and for both qualitative and quantitative assessments of collected data. In recent years, great progress has been promised in "body surface mapping methods" by the medical application of computer technology, providing abundant information including four-dimensional displays; two-dimensional surface spreads of electricity as well as the magnitudes and time references. This method appears to be a powerful diagnostic tool, despite problems inherent in ECG and some unfavorable aspects yet to be settled. The present status, prospects and limitations of this new, powerful strategy are discussed. PMID- 6536693 TI - [Intracoronary thrombolysis in acute myocardial infarction]. AB - To lyse intracoronary (IC) thrombi, coronary angiography was performed for 36 patients with acute myocardial infarction who were admitted within 12 hours of the onset of symptoms. Their average age was 59.6 years. Twenty-four patients (66.7%) had total occlusions of the infarct-related coronary artery, and 12 patients (33.3%) had severe atherosclerotic stenosis without occlusion (group A = Stenosis). In 19 of the 24 patients (79.2%) with total occlusion, IC infusion of urokinase (UK) at a rate of 500 units/kg/min during 10 to 20 min resulted in reperfusion of the distal coronary artery (group B = Thrombolysis). In the remaining five patients, IC thrombolysis was not successfully performed (group C = No effect). The degree of coronary artery stenosis immediately after reperfusion was 88.7 +/- 18.8% in group B. Long-term follow-up (four weeks) coronary angiography in groups A and B revealed improved patency to 79.2 +/- 19.3% and 79.4 +/- 27.8%, respectively. By contrast, total occlusion remained in group C. The ejection fraction measured four weeks later was slightly greater in group B than in group C, and was significantly greater in group A than in group C. If the average ages and complications of the other coronary vessels were considered, a significant difference was recognized among these three groups. The amplitude of the anterior wall motion of the patients with anterior infarction in each group assessed by a point score system was significantly increased in groups A and B as compared to group C. Peak CPK, GOT and LDH rose rapidly immediately after reperfusion and the time interval from the onset of symptoms to peak enzyme production was significantly shortened after reperfusion. These data supported the following concept: 1) coronary thrombus formation frequently occurs in acute myocardial infarction and can be rapidly lysed by IC infusion of UK with a total dose of 250,000 to 600,000 units, 2) reperfusion by lysis of IC thrombi in patients with acute myocardial infarction improves left ventricular wall motion, 3) peak enzyme rises rapidly after reperfusion, 4) the time interval from the onset of symptoms to peak enzyme production is remarkably shortened after repeat perfusion and that 5) no fatal arrhythmia nor bleeding are recognized. Thus, IC infusion of UK in the early stage of acute myocardial infarction was effective and useful. PMID- 6536694 TI - [Treatment of cardiogenic shock and medically refractory left ventricular failure in acute myocardial infarction and acute myocarditis by intraaortic balloon counterpulsation]. AB - Twenty-seven patients in cardiogenic shock or medically refractory left ventricular failure due to acute myocardial infarction were treated with intraaortic balloon counterpulsation. Twenty-one of them were treated with counterpulsation alone; the remaining six underwent surgery. Thirteen patients were benefited by counterpulsation alone. Three of the patients treated with counterpulsation and surgery survived and were discharged from the hospital. Thus, 16 of the 27 patients (59%) survived. Four patients in medically refractory left ventricular failure or shock due to acute myocarditis were treated with counterpulsation. All patients were weaned easily from circulatory assist and were discharged from the hospital. This study shows that intraaortic balloon counterpulsation is a very useful adjunct to currently existing medical measures for the treatment of cardiogenic shock or for medically refractory left ventricular failure in both myocardial infarction and myocarditis. PMID- 6536695 TI - [Dynamics of the interventricular septum in mechanical overload]. AB - To assess wall thickness dynamics of the interventricular septum, ultrasonomicrometry was directly applied to measure wall thickness of the septum as well as the left ventricular free wall thickness in open chest dogs. In the control resting state, the end-diastolic wall thickness and magnitude of the systolic thickening of the septum were essentially equal to those of the left ventricular free wall. Acute interventions, such as pressure or volume overloading on the right or left ventricle, induced the same dynamic changes in the septum as in the left ventricular free wall. To evaluate the chronic changes in wall thickness dynamics of the interventricular septum, echocardiographic studies were conducted in patients with chronic pressure or volume overload in the right or left ventricle. While sustained pressure or volume overload in the left ventricle resulted in an increase in wall thickness of both the septum and left ventricular free wall, chronic pressure overload of the right ventricle induced the hypertrophy only in the septum but not in the left ventricular free wall. Thus, the interventricular septum can be regarded as a functional part of the left ventricle, and the mechanical loading on the left ventricle will ultimately induce proportional changes in the septum and the left ventricular free wall. Although the septal function is largely independent of acute changes in right ventricular loading, a chronic effect cannot be ignored. PMID- 6536696 TI - [M-mode echocardiographic standardization of interventricular septal motion and its clinical significance]. AB - Systolic and diastolic motions of the interventricular septum (IVS), especially of its lower portion at the level of the chordae tendineae, were evaluated by M mode echocardiography in normal subjects and in patients with various cardiac disorders. The following conclusions were derived from this study. In normal subjects, downward motion of the IVS exhibited three patterns; namely, P1, between the onset of electrical depolarization and the onset of the second heart sound; P2, between the onset of the second heart sound and the E point of the anterior mitral leaflet; and P3, between the E point of the anterior mitral leaflet and the end of the left ventricular rapid filling phase, during each cardiac cycle. The systolic IVS pattern (P1) of atrial septal defect was classified as follows: Normal type: nearly normal posterior motion during ventricular systole, Flat type: flat motion during ventricular systole, Paradoxical (early systolic) type: anterior motion during the first half of ventricular systole, followed by normal posterior motion, Paradoxical (pansystolic) type: anterior motion during ventricular systole. In atrial septal defect, the right ventricular dimension was markedly increased in the flat and paradoxical (pansystolic) types compared with those of the normal and paradoxical (early systolic) types. Marked downward IVS motion (P2) was observed in cor pulmonale with paradoxical pulse, pulmonary hypertension, Ebstein's anomaly, pulmonic insufficiency, atrial septal defect, funnel chest, tricuspid insufficiency and constrictive pericarditis. In cor pulmonale with paradoxical pulse, the deep downward motion (P2) was observed more distinctly during inspiration compared to expiration, and right ventricular inflow velocity pattern was characterized by an apparent increase in peak flow in velocity of the diastolic rapid filling wave during inspiration. Two interesting findings were a deep "y" trough of the jugular pulse tracing and prominent P2 in funnel chest. Therefore, it was likely that exaggerated P2 seemed to be direct evidence of a marked increase in right ventricular rapid filling in the presence of normal or decreased left ventricular rapid filling. The augmented septal dip of P3 was observed in cases with the third heart sound as in normal subjects, and those with mitral insufficiency, and ventricular septal defect, constrictive pericarditis and mitral stenosis. We theorized that exaggerated P3 results from the "sucking action" secondary to increased left ventricular rapid filling velocity in cases with the third heart sound or constrictive pericarditis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6536697 TI - [Abnormalities in the ventricular configuration and movement of the interventricular septum]. AB - We discussed the left ventricular deformity in atrial septal defect (ASD) using two-dimensional echocardiography and elucidated the mechanism responsible for the production of mitral valve prolapse (MVP) associated with ASD. Two-dimensional echocardiography was performed for 78 cases with ASD, ranging in age from three to 64 years. The diagnosis was made by cardiac catheterization in all patients and was verified by surgical intervention in 66 cases. Two-dimensional images were obtained using an electronic sector scanning system of Toshiba (SSH-11A). The recording was made with 8 mm cinematography and an ordinary 35 mm camera. The major diameter/the minor diameter of the short-axis cross-section of the left ventricle was defined as the left ventricular distortion ratio (LVDR). The LVDR in early diastole was significantly larger than those in end-diastole and end systole (p less than 0.001, n = 33). Furthermore, in end-diastole, the left ventricle showed a greater distortion ratio than that in end-systole (p less than 0.001, n = 33). The left ventricular short-axis area (LVSAA) corrected for the body surface area (BSA) was significantly greater both in early diastole and end diastole than that in end-systole (p less than 0.001, n = 33). In early diastole, there was a poor correlation between the LVDR and the pulmonic to systemic flow ratio (Qp/Qs) (r = 0.44, p less than 0.05, n = 33). Similarly, the LVDR was poorly related with the right ventricular dimension (RVD) in early diastole (r = 0.43, p less than 0.05, n = 30).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6536698 TI - [An experimental study on the relationship between interventricular septal echograms and interventricular pressure gradient]. AB - To evaluate the correlation between the configuration and motion of the interventricular septum (IVS) and the interventricular pressure gradient, six closed-chest dogs were studied. M-mode and two-dimensional echograms, the left (LVP) and right ventricular pressures (RVP), the interventricular pressure gradient (LVP-RVP), phonocardiograms in the left and right ventricles and electrocardiograms were simultaneously recorded. The RVP was gradually elevated by injecting Lycopodium in a peripheral vein. In all six dogs, there were good correlations between the curvature of the IVS and the interventricular pressure gradient in end-systole and in end-diastole. In M-mode echograms of the IVS, three dips were recognized in early diastole (isovolumetric relaxation period, D1 dip), in late diastole (atrial kick, D2 dip) and in early systole (isovolumetric contraction, S1 dip) when the RVP was elevated. Three negative dips on interventricular pressure gradient curves were observed to occur simultaneously with D1, D2, and S1 dips, respectively. A D1 dip was demonstrated in all six dogs, a D2 dip in four dogs, and an S1 dip in six dogs. In conclusion, the curvature of the IVS reflects the change in the interventricular pressure gradients in diastole as well as in systole. D1, D2 and S1 dips in the IVS echogram also reflect changes in the interventricular pressure gradients. PMID- 6536699 TI - [Ventricular interdependence reflected in interventricular septal motion: with special reference to right ventricular pressure overload]. AB - The dynamic features of the interventricular septum were studied with two dimensional echocardiography with special reference to the influence of right ventricular (RV) pressure overload. The subjects were 52 patients, including 30 with atrial septal defect (ASD), 14 with rheumatic mitral valvular disease and 8 with pulmonary hypertension (PH) due to cor pulmonale, pulmonary embolism, or primary PH. To assess septal motion, the configuration of the left ventricle (LV) in the short-axis view was quantified as the deformity index, and characterized as the distortion from right circle. As an accurate short axis was required to assess the deformity of the cavity, the transducer was attached to the guide arm, providing comparable positions and directions. The deformity index was highest at the chordal level among other levels in the same cardiac phase. In ASD without PH, the deformity was minimal in end systole and maximal in early diastole. The index curve showed two peaks in early diastole and these times coincided with those of the minute backward notches on the ventricular septal echogram. In ASD with PH, the deformity was minimal in early systole and became greater during systole. The maximum deformity was shown in early diastole, corresponding to the momentary retracting motion of the septum by M-mode echocardiography. At that moment, the septum became convex to the LV. In patients with RV pressure overload, the systolic peak of the RV pressure was delayed and the decrease in pressure became sluggish, resulting in the RV pressure exceeding that of the LV transiently in early diastole. This was the reason for the septum becoming convex to the LV in this phase. Among the patients, the bi-ventricular systolic pressure ratio correlated not only with the index in end systole but also with that in early diastole. Good correlation between systolic pressure ratio and early diastolic deformity index seemed to be attributable to the fact that the higher the RV systolic pressure, the larger the reversed pressure gradient between both ventricles in early diastole.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6536700 TI - [Mechanism of post-operative abnormal septal motion: clinical and experimental studies]. AB - In a previous report, we showed that pericardium closure is responsible for post operative abnormal septal motion. To elucidate this hypothesis, we performed additional clinical and experimental studies. Twenty-six patients were studied during cardiac surgery. We also studied five dogs during cardiopulmonary bypass using M-mode and two-dimensional echocardiography. M-mode echograms and short axis views of the left ventricle were obtained before and after pericardiotomy, and before and after pericardium closure. In the clinical study, the patients were divided into three groups according to pre-operative septal motion: Group 1 included six patients with atrial septal defect showing paradoxical motion, Group 2 included thirteen patients with aortic or mitral regurgitation of hyperdynamic motion, and Group 3 consisted of seven patients with ventricular septal defects or mitral stenosis showing normal systolic motion. In Group 1, septal motion became normal after closure of atrial septal defect and then, became abnormal just after pericardium closure. Again in Group 2, septal motion became normal following surgical repair, but abnormal motion appeared immediately after pericardium closure. In Group 3, normal septal motion persisted until just prior to closure of the pericardium. Abnormal septal motion in all groups persisted following chest closure. In all dogs, paradoxical septal motion resulted from pericardium closure after cardio-pulmonary bypass. We conclude that both pericardium closure and cardio-pulmonary bypass are responsible for post operative abnormal septal motion. PMID- 6536702 TI - [Ventricular activation process and interventricular septal motion]. AB - The mechanism of abnormal motion of the interventricular septum (IVS) in the altered ventricular activation process was investigated using M-mode echocardiograms (ECHO). Subjects consisted of 37 patients in whom artificial pacemakers was implanted because of sick sinus syndrome in 14 and atrioventricular block in 23. Standard 12-lead electrocardiograms (ECGs) were classified in three groups based on the polarity of the main deflections of the QRS complexes in leads V1 and V6; the pattern was designated as the LBBB type if the main QRS deflections were negative in V1 and positive in V6; as the S type if they were negative in both V1 and V6; and as the RBBB type if positive in V1 and negative in V6. In the LBBB type the excitation was assumed to begin in the RV and to propagate across the IVS to the LV. The S type was considered an expression of activation process which starts in the apex and is propagated radially toward the base with nearly simultaneous activation of the RV and the LV. These assumptions were confirmed by the study of contraction sequences using phase image analysis of cardiac blood pool scintigrams. The RBBB type was thought to reflect delayed activation of the RV. ECHO showed two characteristic patterns of IVS motion in the patients studied. During preejection the IVS moved rapidly posteriorly, then anteriorly, forming a hump. During ejection, anterior displacement or akinesis of the IVS (paradox) was observed. A hump was frequently observed in any types of ECG.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6536701 TI - [Abnormal septal motion following non-surgical closure of the patent ductus arteriosus]. AB - Abnormal ventricular septal motion is usually observed after open heart surgery, but its mechanism is not fully understood. Our previous study suggested that a sudden reduction of left ventricular (LV) volume overload after corrective surgery would be one mechanism, showing that postoperative abnormal septal motion is more frequent in patients who have preoperative LV volume overload. The purpose of this study was to investigate further the direct effect of LV volume alone on the ventricular septal motion in 22 patients who underwent non-surgical closure of a patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) by the Porstmann's method. The non surgical closure of a PDA reduced LV diastolic diameter (LVDd) from 55.7 +/- 7.3 mm to 48.1 +/- 5.2 mm (P less than 0.001), and LV systolic diameter (LVDs) from 36.3 +/- 7.0 mm to 34.1 +/- 7.0 mm (p less than 0.01). Septal motion decreased in amplitude from 8.5 +/- 2.4 mm to 3.8 +/- 3.4 mm (p less than 0.01) and eight (36%) patients developed abnormal septal motion, while LV posterior wall excursions remained unchanged. When compared these eight patients with 14 without abnormal septal motion, the magnitude of postoperative LVDd reduction (delta LVDd) and its ratio to preoperative volume (delta LVDd/pre op LVDd) were significantly greater in patients with abnormal septal motion. Thus sudden reduction in LV volume overload alone could induce abnormal septal motion without altering other factors such as adhesion of the pericardium.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6536703 TI - Spinal Cord Reconstruction. Proceedings of the Seminar on Spinal Cord Reconstruction. Naples, October 21-22, 1983. PMID- 6536704 TI - Vascular effects and blood flow in acute spinal cord injuries. PMID- 6536705 TI - Role of thyroid function on CNS regeneration. PMID- 6536706 TI - Some immunological aspects of spinal cord traumatic lesions: an experimental research. PMID- 6536707 TI - The significance of microcirculatory modifications in traumatic lesions of the spinal cord. A preliminary, morphological study on experimentally induced spinal cord traumas. AB - The authors have studied the histological modifications in rabbit spinal cords after injury by a 20 g weight dropping from a 10 cm height. The animals were sacrificed at various time intervals from trauma (after 30', 60', 90', 2 h, 3 h, 4 h, 5 h, 6 h). The traumatized spinal cords are characterized by edema, regressive alterations of neurons as well as of glia and of fibres, and by microcentres of myelinolysis. The prominent and very precocious presence of edema is very likely one of the main factors causing regressive alterations in the cells present in myelinolysis centres. PMID- 6536708 TI - Valuation of some biological parameters in acute spinal cord trauma: experimental study in rabbits. AB - The authors investigated the formation of edema consequent to Spinal Cord Injury in rabbits. The goal of this project was to study the accumulation of Water, Sodium, Potassium and Ferrum in traumatized cords in the early time after the acute injury. To this aim a spinal cord trauma was induced in forty unselected animals using the weight-drop method; Water content was measured by wet and dry weight method; Sodium, Potassium and Ferrum content were measured by atomic absorbance spectrophotometry. These parameters were recorded at various time from the cord trauma (30 minutes up to 14 days). The results are presented and discussed with a particular view to the relationships between biological variation and time from the injury. PMID- 6536709 TI - Peripheral nerve autografts to the spinal cord in rats. PMID- 6536710 TI - Experimental model of nervous anastomosis between intercostal and lumbar nerves in the rabbit. AB - The authors propose a new experimental model of nervous anastomosis between intercostal and lumbar nerves in rabbit with the purpose of providing a technique to by-pass a spinal lesion. Before carrying out the surgical experiments, an histological study has been performed on the donor and receiver nerves which demonstrated the great difference in number of nervous fiber between these two nerves. The purpose of the method is thus to reinnerve a lumbar nerve by means of two intercostal nerves. Histological controls are performed on the 120th day. PMID- 6536711 TI - Relationships between spinal cord lesions and vertebral lesions. PMID- 6536712 TI - Radiological study of spinal cord trauma. PMID- 6536713 TI - The treatment of the cervical spine fractures. PMID- 6536714 TI - Surgical indications and results in spinal cord injuries. PMID- 6536715 TI - Indications and limits of somesthesic evoked potentials in spinal cord trauma. PMID- 6536716 TI - The treatment of traumatic vertebrospinal lesions with Roy-Camille plaques and acrylic resin. PMID- 6536718 TI - Dorsolateral spondylodesis with A.S.I.F. plates after Roy-Camille in symptomatic instable spine injuries. PMID- 6536717 TI - Surgical management of spinal cord lesions due to metastases. AB - The authors having operated on 358 cases of metastatic lesions, 112 involving the spinal cord, explain their aim and surgical techniques. The importance of an early operation is emphasized. The main purpose is to improve the quality of the patient's life. PMID- 6536719 TI - Considerations on 135 vertebral fractures and/or dislocations with or without neurological impairment. Results of conservative and surgical treatment. PMID- 6536720 TI - Fentanyl-nitrous oxide anesthesia in spinal cord injuries. PMID- 6536721 TI - Acute myelography in cervical injuries. PMID- 6536722 TI - Common mechanisms in vertebrate axonal navigation: retinal transplants between distantly related amphibia. AB - Embryonic eye primordia were transplanted from the anuran, Xenopus laevis, to the urodele, Ambystoma mexicanum, in order to assess whether retinal axons of one species could grow to appropriate central targets in a distantly related species. To trace the early retinal projections, Xenopus primordia were removed, incubated for 20 min in a solution containing [3H]proline, washed, and then transplanted to host axolotl embryos. Genetically eyeless hosts were used in some of the experiments so that the Xenopus optic fibers would not be guided to their targets by the host's own optic nerve projections. Xenopus eyes were usually able to differentiate into small eyes in the axolotl host. Shortly after primary differentiation, the development of these eyes seemed to arrest. Autoradiography on paraffin sections of the central nervous system of the host revealed that in some cases Xenopus retinal ganglion cells were indeed able to send axons to the tectum of the axolotl host. This result suggests that the mechanisms of axonal navigation for this particular central projection are evolutionarily conserved. PMID- 6536723 TI - Changes in turbidity during microtubule assembly in brain extracts from normal chickens and chickens with muscular dystrophy. AB - When extracts of brain from normal and dystrophic chickens were incubated at 30 degrees C under conditions that favored microtubule assembly, the increase in turbidity of the extract from the dystrophic animal was approximately 50% less than the increase in the turbidity of the extract from the normal animal. In developmental studies using age-matched normal and dystrophic chickens this difference in turbidity was observed only with chickens 65 days ex-ovo or older. The extent of microtubule assembly, as determined by a sedimentation methodology, was a linear function of the total protein concentration in the extract and was equal in extracts from normal and dystrophic chickens. In contrast, the total increase in turbidity was much larger than could be accounted for by sedimenting microtubules and varied in a non-linear manner with the total protein concentration. There was no increase in turbidity when brain extracts that were prepared by centrifugation at 100,000 g X 40 min were incubated at 30 degrees C. The condensation reaction of the tubulin in these high speed extracts with microtubules was equal in the extracts from normal and dystrophic animals. These studies indicate that a developmentally regulated difference in brain extracts from normal and dystrophic chickens can be demonstrated by turbidimetric methods but this difference is unrelated to the formation of microtubules in these extracts. These studies support the concept that muscular dystrophy is also accompanied by a change in the central nervous system. PMID- 6536724 TI - Human neuron-specific enolase: genetic and developmental studies. AB - Neuron-specific enolase is readily detected as early as 54 days gestational age in brain extracts from human fetuses and undergoes a rapid increase with developmental maturation of the nervous system. No genetic variants of this enzyme were found among 14 fetal and 120 postnatal specimens, consistent with previous findings of highly restricted variation among glycolytic enzymes. PMID- 6536725 TI - Machado-Joseph disease in an American-Italian family. AB - An American-Italian family is described as affected by an autosomal dominant inherited ataxia which meets the clinical diagnostic criteria for Machado-Joseph disease. This disorder no longer appears to be limited to individuals of known Portuguese ancestry. PMID- 6536726 TI - Pedigree study of familial Alzheimer disease. AB - Twenty-one families with familial Alzheimer disease were ascertained in a dementia clinic and assessed by multiple family interviews. Eight autopsies were reviewed. The age of onset varied from 25 to 85. Seven pedigrees showed evidence of 3 generation transmission. Paternal age of the founders of 4 lines which could be assessed was higher than controls. PMID- 6536728 TI - Persistence of cerebellar thymidine kinase in staggerer and hypothyroid mutants. AB - These experiments address the mechanism of action of the persistence of proliferation in the cerebellar external granule layer (EGL) by comparing congenital hypothyroidism due to a recessive mutation in mice to the staggerer mouse mutant. In both cases persistence of the EGL can be demonstrated histologically, with the process more drawn out in staggerer than in hypothyroid. This correlates with higher than normal levels of the enzyme thymidine kinase, a biochemical marker of proliferation, in both mutants. It is hypothesized that the proliferation of EGL cells in both cases is controlled by effects of the mutations on the maturation rate of the Purkinje cells, possibly with other cell types as intermediates. PMID- 6536727 TI - Succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency. AB - A coupled assay using [14C]4-aminobutyric acid and a direct assay using [14C]succinic semialdehyde have been designed to assay te activity of succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase in a patient with 4-hydroxybutyric aciduria and family members. In the coupled assay less than 3% of control succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase activity was found in lysates of lymphocytes isolated from whole blood of the patient. In the direct assay there was no detectable activity of the enzyme in lysates of isolated lymphocytes or cultured lymphoblasts. Results indicated the parents to be heterozygous carriers carriers of the abnormal gene, consistent with an autosomal recessive inheritance. PMID- 6536729 TI - The mode of inheritance of a defect in lamination in the hippocampus of BALB/c mice. AB - In BALB/c mice the lamination of the pyramidal cell layer of area CA3c of the hippocampus is abnormal in that early-generated neurons are superficial and late generated neurons are deep. To determine the mode of inheritance of this strain difference, the laminar distribution of mossy fibers and hippocampal pyramidal cells was examined using the Timm's sulfide silver method in BALB/c x C57BL/6 F1 and F2 hybrids, in BALB/cByJ and C57BL/6J mice which were fostered to females of the other strain before receiving their first meal, and in the CXB series of recombinant inbred strains (originally derived using BALB/c and C57BL/6 as progenitor strains). The pattern of hippocampal lamination was classified as "BALB/c-like" if pyramidal cells were present below an intrapyramidal mossy fiber layer or as "B6-like" if only an infrapyramidal mossy fiber layer was present. In both male and female CB6F1 and B6CF1 hybrids the distribution of mossy fibers is BALB/c-like. In 7 of 9 F2 hybrids the distribution was BALB/c-like and in the remaining 2 B6-like. In the cross-fostered mice the pattern was always the same as normally raised mice of the same genotype. Of the recombinant inbred strains, 5 (CXBD, CXBG, CXBH, CXBI, and CXBK) had BALB/c-like hippocampal lamination and 2 (CXBE and CXBJ) had B6-like lamination. These results are consistent with inheritance by means of a single autosomal dominant (or semi-dominant) gene. The provisional name "Hippocampal lamination defect" and gene symbol Hld are suggested. The Hld mutation is only the third known neurological mutation in mice which apparently affects neuronal migration, and the fact that it affects only a single subdivision of the hippocampus indicates that Hld may be a useful tool for future studies of the development of the central nervous system and particularly of the cell biology of neuronal migration and neuronal specificity. PMID- 6536731 TI - Stress and alcoholic denial. PMID- 6536730 TI - Cell lineage relationships in the development of the mammalian CNS. II. Bilateral independence of CNS clones. AB - This report contains additional observations on the cell lineage relationships of the motor neurons of the facial nucleus and of the cerebellar Purkinje cells of the mouse. These cell populations were quantitatively analyzed in the mosaic brains of experimental aggregation chimeras. The cell markers used to perform the analysis were (1) staining differences in beta-glucuronidase enzyme activity due to differences at the Gus locus on chromosome 5 and (2) self-destruction of all Purkinje cells of one genotype due to the cell autonomous action of the lurcher gene on chromosome 6. Of 6 animals examined in the Purkinje cell study, 5 showed left/right differences in the clonal composition of the cerebellum. Of 4 animals examined in the facial nucleus study, all 4 showed differences in genotype ratio. These results imply that the event that defines the selection of the progenitor cells for each of these two cell types is, in fact, two bilaterally independent events. This is consistent with the pictures of the early nervous system derived from embryological observations. The implication of these findings for cell mixing during development is discussed. PMID- 6536732 TI - Assessment of the impact of monetary incentives upon smoking behavior. PMID- 6536733 TI - Alcohol-related attitudes and stereotypes: teenagers in Australia, Papua New Guinea and the United States. PMID- 6536734 TI - Evaluation of alcohol education--a reassessment using socialization theory. PMID- 6536735 TI - Knowledge and acceptance of drug education among selected Nigerian adults in Ibadan (Oyo State). PMID- 6536736 TI - Counseling services in the drug field. PMID- 6536737 TI - Reliability of self-report measures of drug use in prevention research: evaluation of the Project SMART questionnaire via the test-retest reliability matrix. PMID- 6536739 TI - Alcohol and cigarette use among early adolescents. PMID- 6536738 TI - Six-month follow-up results of a preventive alcohol education intervention. PMID- 6536740 TI - An assessment of the influence of peer association and identification on drug use among rural high school students. PMID- 6536741 TI - Credentialing of substance abuse counselors: a field evaluation. PMID- 6536742 TI - Seventeen ways to get parents involved in substance abuse education. PMID- 6536743 TI - Substance-abuse and the native American student. PMID- 6536744 TI - Drug abuse prevention education: what is realistic for schools? PMID- 6536745 TI - An outcome evaluation instrument for alcohol education, prevention, and intervention programs. PMID- 6536746 TI - A discriminant analysis of adolescent problem drinking. PMID- 6536747 TI - M.D.A.: a multi-disciplinary approach for teacher effectiveness training in drug education. PMID- 6536748 TI - Assertiveness training in a preventive drug education program. PMID- 6536749 TI - Symposium on body fluid homeostasis. Common regulatory mechanisms of water and sodium intake distribution and excretion. May 15-18, 1983, Evian (France). PMID- 6536750 TI - The anterior wall of the third cerebral ventricle and homeostatic responses to dehydration. AB - Within the anterior wall of the third cerebral ventricle, structures are found which have been implicated in the regulation of fluid and electrolyte balance. These structures include the subfornical organ (SFO), preoptic medianus nucleus (PMN) and the organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis (OVLT). In sheep, the OVLT rises from the ventricular floor over the optic chiasma and occupies most of the midline ventricular wall up to the level of anterior commissure. It contains a plexus of blood vessels at its base which possess fenestrated endothelial cells, and appears to lack ependyma. The SFO of sheep bulges into the third ventricle above the anterior commissure and the PMN is situated between the SFO and OVLT, surrounding the rostral edge of the midline anterior commissure. Like most mammals, water deprivation in sheep results in hypertonicity of body fluids, thirst and graded increase in plasma concentration of vasopressin (AVP). Dehydration also causes a natriuresis in these animals. In sheep with combined ablation of OVLT/PMN tissue, the volume of water drunk, the increases in plasma vasopressin (AVP) level, and the natriuresis in response to dehydration were considerably attenuated, and extreme hypernatremia resulted. Additionally, ablation of OVLT/PMN tissue almost abolished water drinking and AVP secretion in response to systemic infusion of hypertonic NaCl, but did not diminish AVP secretion in response to haemorrhage. In other animals, the OVLT and PMN were individually ablated. While partial osmoregulatory deficits were observed in each case, these deficits were smaller than those observed with combined OVLT/PMN ablation. In contrast to these results, the homeostatic responses to dehydration were not diminished in sheep with combined SFO/PMN lesions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6536751 TI - Anterior third ventricle (A3V) lesions and homeostasis regulation. AB - Small electrolytic lesions of A3V including the organum vasculosum lamina terminalis (OVLT) made in adult male rats resulted in 50% inhibition of 1.8% NaCl solution intake induced by peritoneal dialysis and significant enhancement of water-deprivation induced thirst. However water intake induced by hypertonic saline was unchanged. Daily water intake fell in the first post-lesion day, increasing thereafter; marked hyperdipsia was seen in some animals. Daily urinary output exceeded water intake. Further, these animals became hypernatremic. Following 24 h water deprivation, urinary excretion of a gastric water load was 18% greater in lesioned than in control animals. These results suggest that A3V lesioned animals fall to regulate fluids and electrolyte homeostasis, perhaps by disruption of an inhibitory feed back loop between the OVLT and other circumventricular structures. PMID- 6536752 TI - Acute effects of angiotensin II in intact and adrenalectomized conscious dogs. AB - Renal effects of A II, retention of sodium and water, may be mediated by the stimulation of aldosterone secretion and/or by direct effects of A II on the kidneys. An attempt was made to differentiate between these two possibilities. METHODS: Conscious, female beagle dogs were used. The dogs were kept under standardized conditions (metabolic cage, daily sodium intake 4.5 mmol X kg-1 bw, chronically implanted arterial and venous catheters, i.v. hormone substitution after adrenalectomy by a portable pump). A II was infused i.v. over a period of 60 min after 60 min control. (Rate: 1, 4, 20 or 200 ng X min-1 X kg-1 bw). RESULTS: Mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) increased with 20 and 200 ng A II X min-1 X kg-1 bw by an average of 34 mm Hg and 65 mm Hg resp. before and after adrenalectomy. Before adrenalectomy: sodium and water excretion decreased always at 4 and 20 ng A II X min-1 X kg-1 bw, whereas a rate of 200 ng A II X min-1 X kg 1 bw had different effects on renal sodium and water excretion. After adrenalectomy: sodium and water excretion decreased at 4 ng A II X min-1 X kg-1 bw. Whereas a rate of 20 and 200 ng. -As no marked alterations of the glomerular filtration rate occurred, sodium retention observed was mainly due to tubular effects of A II. Plasma aldosterone concentration increased at 4, 20 and 200 ng A II X min-1 X kg-1 bw in the intact dogs.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6536753 TI - Volume regulatory action of central angiotensin II in the duck. AB - In the Pekin duck intracerebroventricularly perfused analogues of angiotensin II stimulate the release of neurohypophyseal antidiuretic hormone (AVT) which then acts on the kidneys to reduce glomerular filtration and to increase tubular water permeability. In addition, the centrally mediated inhibition of salt and water excretion via the supraorbital salt glands, as well as vasoconstriction and tachycardia, indicate that angiotensin II plays a major role as a central modulator in the homeostasis of the volume of the extracellular fluid compartment as well as its tonicity. PMID- 6536754 TI - A technique for repeated sampling of cerebrospinal fluid in freely moving rats and its uses. AB - The CSF plays an important role in removing transmitter amine metabolites from the brain and their measurement therein has frequently been used to study transmitter amine metabolism in the human brain during life. Much data, albeit largely qualitative, indicates that brain transmitter metabolism is reflected in the CSF. There is however remarkably little quantitative data available as human CSF and brain material are rarely concurrently available from the same patient. Conversely, until recently we have had much direct information on transmitter metabolism in the rat brain but CSF studies have been few, largely because of technical difficulties in measuring the metabolites. Therefore we have had little quantitative data on brain--CSF relationships for transmitter amine metabolism in any one species. Such evidence is important not only because it sheds light on the relevance of human CSF findings to brain chemistry but also because it may be used to study transmitter metabolism in the brain of the living rat and provides quantitative data on the role of the CSF in the removal of the metabolites from the brain. We will be reporting findings on these topics. These were obtained by the withdrawal of small volumes of cisternal CSF from conscious freely moving rats via an indwelling catheter and determining dopamine and 5-hydroxytryptamine metabolites by HPLC in both CSF and brain with and without administration of various drugs. PMID- 6536755 TI - The role of the heart in body fluid and electrolyte homeostasis. AB - Inflation of a balloon at the right superior vena caval/right atrial junction of the rat causes no change in arterial or venous blood pressure but does attenuate spontaneous night-time drinking and the acute responses to 24 h water deprivation and s.c. isoprenaline. Water intake after i.p. hyperoncotic colloid is virtually abolished whereas there is no effect on drinking to i.v. hypertonic saline or intracerebroventricular angiotensin II. Inflating the balloon also results in diuresis and natriuresis even in the conscious, renally denervated, Brattleboro' rat. Under these conditions the change in urine output cannot be explained by a fall in nervous input to the kidney, nor can it be caused by decreased ADH release since the Brattleboro' rat is totally deficient in ADH. Since there is no change in blood pressure, the diuresis and natriuresis must be mediated by some, as yet uncharacterized, hormonal factor. It is concluded that stimulation of the right atrial receptors resulting from increased venous return to the heart does play a role in controlling fluid intake and output and that this may be mediated at least in part, by a factor released from the heart itself. PMID- 6536756 TI - Methylphenidate (Ritalin) treatment of cocaine dependence--a preliminary report. AB - The authors report on three cases of cocaine dependence treated with methylphenidate. All patients treated showed marked to dramatic improvement with regard to toxic/abstinence signs and symptoms, craving behavior and other behavioral disturbances associated with heavy and chronic cocaine abuse. The authors explore the possibility that cocaine dependence is associated with pre existing or resulting psychopathology, particularly mood disturbances. Emphasis is also placed on a predisposing or de novo attention deficit disorder (ADD) as possibly contributing to heavy or continued reliance on cocaine. PMID- 6536757 TI - The impaired physician: changes from the traditional view. AB - The traditional impaired physician has been a "therapeutic addict," self medicating pain, fatigue, or stress. The rise of recreational drug abuse in the population from which physicians are drawn has led to a new breed of "nontherapeutic addicts" who, like their street counterparts, primarily use drugs for euphoria and tend to be polysubstance abusers. This may have important implications for prevention and treatment. Treatment outcome, in general, for impaired physicians has been assumed to be better than for other drug abusers but the studies have lacked adequate controls, need broader outcome measures, and may not be relevant to the new type of abuser. PMID- 6536758 TI - Self-preservation: a non-negotiable requirement for the substance abuse clinician. PMID- 6536759 TI - Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder and substance abuse in Vietnam combat veterans: treatment problems, strategies and recommendations. AB - Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) rarely presents as a discrete diagnostic entity. Frequently, PTSD is accompanied by substance abuse, somatoform, and/or affective disorders. This article focuses on the interplay of PTSD and substance abuse in Vietnam combat veterans. PTSD symptoms, assessment and diagnostic difficulties, treatment strategies and recommendations are discussed. The role of substance abuse should be determined before initiating treatment. Substance abuse may suppress, exacerbate or perpetuate PTSD symptoms. Substance-free combat veterans, veterans who use substances to self-medicate PTSD symptoms, and chronic substance abusers can be differentiated. Treatment goals and strategies differ for each group. Case histories, intake procedures and treatment recommendations conclude this article. To conform with APA guidelines (1983) for non-sexist language and to avoid ambiguity of reference, it should be stated that all of the information in this paper came from or relates to male Vietnam combat veterans. It is truly unfortunate that so little is known about the role of females in the Vietnam conflict. The authors, who are themselves Vietnam veterans, have interviewed or treated more than 2,000 combat veterans and their families and have found that 80% of the veterans seen have had alcohol related problems. The information in this paper is largely drawn from the authors' personal experiences, that of co-professionals with whom they have worked, and from the direct experiences of patients who have been treated by the authors. PMID- 6536760 TI - Self-preservation: confronting the issue of nurse impairment. AB - Recognition of valuable natural resources suggests a need to accept a degree of responsibility to preserve and nurture the commodity, and to prevent its destruction. Health care professionals generally embrace such an ethic with reference to the environment, the quality of living for clients, and the need to assume professional responsibility to provide effective helping services. Unfortunately, health professionals may not be as willing or seemingly as able to engage in preservation behavior for themselves or for peers. Self-preservation represents survival. Survival creates an opportunity to accomplish professional goals. Without active involvement in self-preservation efforts, and application of these same principles to peers, risk for burnout and impairment escalates dramatically. While all health care professionals are candidates for ongoing self preservation efforts, this article will focus on the nursing profession's need to develop a variety of methodologies to address the impairment issue. PMID- 6536761 TI - The antipodes of the mind. PMID- 6536762 TI - Status of cocaine abuse 1984. AB - Cocaine abuse today is truly a national epidemic that encompasses all ages, economic and ethnic groups. This article focuses on the physiological effects of cocaine and the destructive nature of the drug in terms of the abuser's powerlessness over highly addictive qualities. Cocaine abuse in our nation will continue to increase unless the federal government develops more stringent policies to drastically decrease the amount of cocaine imported into the United States from source countries. PMID- 6536763 TI - Self-preservation: treatment intervention for nurse impairment. AB - The nursing profession has initiated major intervention programs designed to address the issues and problems generated by impaired professional behavior. In Part I of this two-part series, the parameters of this key aspect of self preservation were outlined. Part II will describe several existing and evolving intervention strategies tailored to the unique needs of the impaired nurse. Legal, social, and professional concerns are discussed as each relates to the challenges posed to peer and/or therapist efforts to treat the impaired nurse. A sampling of intervention programs is presented for both informational purposes as well as to serve as illustrations of methods that can be adapted by clinicians who have or can anticipate treating the impaired nurse. PMID- 6536764 TI - Behavioral marital therapy couples groups for male alcoholics and their wives. AB - This article presents in detail the clinical procedures for a behavioral marital therapy (BMT) couples group for male alcoholics. Methods used to recruit and prepare couples for therapy are presented. In the BMT couples group, therapists use behavioral rehearsal and weekly homework assignments to help couples decrease drinking and alcohol-related interactions by making an Antabuse Contract and discussing relapse prevention; plan shared recreational activities; notice, acknowledge, and initiate daily caring behaviors; learn communication skills of listening, expressing feelings directly, and the use of planned communication sessions; and negotiate desired changes using positive specific requests, compromise, and written agreements. Methods for dealing with resistance and noncompliance in the group are also described. Finally, modifications in the BMT treatment package presented here that may be helpful in other settings are described. PMID- 6536765 TI - Substance abuse in the Soviet Union. PMID- 6536766 TI - The Fair Oaks Hospital cocaine treatment program. AB - The treatment of cocaine addiction as a subspecialty is in its infancy. We know, however, that the severely out-of-control addicted person needs the structure and support of in-hospital setting. We know they require an intensive evaluation of their biopsychosocial habits. We believe they can be treated utilizing an intensive, caring, multifaceted approach that fosters self-esteem, family support, abstinence, and a strong support system. PMID- 6536767 TI - Tuum Est, Inc. PMID- 6536768 TI - Grief work with substance abusers. AB - This article focuses on the implementation and outcome of a grief group study conducted with substance abusers. Group participants were chosen through a stratified random sampling from a residential drug and alcohol treatment facility. Control and experimental groups were used to test the efficacy of grief group therapy. Study results indicated that treatment group participants were significantly less depressed and better able to resolve painful feelings about their losses. The grief group approach is generic and can be modified to meet the needs of varied target groups. The distinctive approach and the empirical results both were completed by a clinician without disrupting the facility, patients or clinician's daily practices. PMID- 6536769 TI - Hematological concomitants of alcoholism: development and validation of a clinical screening technique. AB - An investigation into the use of blood chemistry variables in the identification of young adult alcoholics revealed that a combinative process utilizing 11 blood chemistry variables was superior to the use of individual measures. The investigation further validated the use of a linear discriminant analysis technique in identifying the blood chemistry measures and a discriminant function was produced that classified alcoholics and controls with a high degree of accuracy. This level of precision in prediction was maintained in validation trials on independent samples. The blood chemistry variables were extracted from a combination of commonly ordered blood tests. Results of the investigation indicate that clinical usage of the screening procedure is readily available without sophisticated computer support or exotic blood analysis. PMID- 6536770 TI - Silver Hill Foundation substance abuse service. PMID- 6536771 TI - [Generation of hydrogen sulfide at excavation sites. I. A survey of job sites in the sewage system construction work]. AB - It has long known that H2S is sometimes encountered during excavation in the Hiroshima delta. In order to secure information necessary to the improvement of working conditions in this area, we investigated the generation of H2S where work was being done on the Hiroshima sewage system. Using the shield method, we measured the concentration of H2S in the air around eight work sites, and we also measured pH, total sulfide, SO4(2-), C1-, Mg2+, and salinity in samples of water collected at the sites and from nearby wells. The ventilation volume was calculated from the measurement value of air movement with reference to ventilator capacity. The past situation of H2S generation at the sites was also investigated. The survey was conducted from August 30 to September 4, 1982, using the shield method. Concentrations of H2S from 0.8 to 7 ppm were detected in the air at four of the eight sites. Total sulfide varying from a trace to 8.5 mg/l was found at six sites, which included the four where H2S was found in the air. SO4(2-), C1-, and Mg2+ were found in high concentration in water in which sulfide was detected, and the same samples tended to have high salinity. At some of the sites, ventilation was implemented up to a maximum of 3,000 m3/h according to the concentration of H2S. At the sewage system construction sites covered in this survey, H2S concentration was kept below the permissible level of 10 ppm, and it may be concluded that adequate safety precautions have been taken. PMID- 6536772 TI - Gas-chromatographic determination of environmental gases with the application of thermal desorption from charcoal disk. AB - Direct measurement of the gases adsorbed on charcoal disk was examined by the gas chromatograph with thermal desorption devices to improve the inadequacies of the common passive monitor. Since the most satisfactory values were obtained by a preliminary experiment with toluene vapor, the experiments were done with concentrations of 20, 40 and 80 ppm, respectively to get a linear relationship between the mean adsorption per piece and the concentration of toluene. Adsorption on the charcoal disk, and its extraction by carbon disulfide without degeneration, are the necessary conditions for the measurement of gas concentration. Methanol was selected as typical from among the gases for which the common passive monitor is inapplicable. The experiment on methanol was carried out in a manner similar to that done on toluene. In conclusion, our method was found to be satisfactory for the analysis of toluene, and, if the conditions are appropriate, for methanol. PMID- 6536773 TI - Effects of consecutive night-shift work on health conditions among car-cleaners of super-express trains. AB - The Shinkansen Super-Express trains of the Japanese National Railways, the so called bullet trains, run from early morning until late at night. Accordingly the car-cleaners of the Shinkansen must do late night shift work. A self-administered questionnaire survey including items about health and work conditions was given to 246 workers at Osaka Station, who were then divided into 3 groups: Group A consisted of 102 night workers working 5 successive days with 2 days off, Group B consisted of 124 alternate-day 24-hour workers working 3 days a week, while Group C included 20 day-workers working 6 days a week. A subjective fatigue inventory was administered before and after work for a week to 20 workers selected from each of three groups, group A, B above group D whose shift was 2 times 2 successive night shifts with one day off, and one holiday a week. The results of the questionnaire survey revealed that the rates of complaints such as gastroenteric disorders and general fatigue were the highest in group A. The results of the subjective fatigue inventory show a tendency for the number of complaints in group A and B to increase significantly after the last work shift of the week, but not in the case of group D. The authors demonstrated that there was a close relationship between patterns of night-shift work and various kinds of health problems, and concluded that to insert a day off on the third day of the group D shift was effective in reducing the work load. PMID- 6536774 TI - [A generator for producing multicomponent organic solvent vapor in inhalation chambers]. AB - A vapor generator for multicomponent organic solvents was developed and its performance was investigated experimentally. The vapors were generated from the surface of a sintered sphere of glass beads containing the organic solvents. The solvents were automatically supplied from the solvent reservoir to the sphere by suction pressure caused by the evaporation of the solvents and the generated vapors kept at constant high concentration over a long period. The vapor concentration increased with the decreasing flow rate and the increasing gas temperature. The concentration ratio of the generated vapor was found to be equivalent to the mixing ratio of solvents in the reservoir, so this device can generate multicomponent organic solvent vapors at any concentration ratio. The vapor generator is simple to construct and is recognized to be useful for investigation of inhalation toxicities of multicomponent organic solvent vapors. PMID- 6536775 TI - [A nationwide survey on the use of organic solvents in Japan]. AB - A total of 1,179 organic solvent products used as thinners, paint, degreasers, inks, adhesive and others, were collected nationwide from factories of various sizes and kinds in Japan, and analyzed by gas chromatography. Solvent components per sample, frequency of each solvent component, and contents of each component were analyzed and classified by use. Paints, inks, and adhesives which contained nonvolatile substances were analyzed by head space techniques. Seventy-seven percent of all samples, 93% of paints, 85% of thinners, 73% of adhesives, and 52% of degreasers contained mixed organic solvents. The average numbers of solvent components per sample were 4.14 (max. 13) in thinner, 3.29 (max. 7) in paint, 2.23 (max. 5) ink, 2.19 (max. 6) in adhesive, 1.71 (max. 6) in degreaser, when gasoline was excluded. Toluene, xylene, methylalcohol, isopropylalcohol, ethylacetate, methylethylketone, industrial gasoline were widely used in the above-mentioned products. Toluene was the most popular component in the solvent products, excluding degreasers. Many kinds of solvent components were used in thinner and paint. However, toluene, xylene and industrial gasoline were their main components and contents per sample were very high. Acetates, alcohols, ketones and glycols were frequently detected in solvent products, but their contents per sample were relatively low, because these solvent components were usually used as subordinate solvents. The chlorinated hydrocarbons such as trichloroethylene, tetrachloroethylene and 1,1,1-trichloroethane, and industrial gasoline were the most popular components in degreasers. 1,4-dioxane was detected in a relatively large number of the samples, but its content per sample was very low, because it is usually used as an additive to 1,1,1-trichloroethane. Toluene was the most popular component in ink solvents, too. In addition, isopropylacohol, methylalcohol, methylethylketone were frequently detected in inks. Toluene was also the most popular component in adhesives, and n-hexane was also frequently detected in them. In order to prevent poisoning by industrial solvents, special attention should be paid to toluene and xylene, which are frequently and largely used for wide purposes, trichloroethylene which is largely used as a degreaser and has a severe toxicity, n-hexane which is frequently used in adhesives and has a high volatility and severe neurotoxicity, and other popular and toxic solvents. The severely toxic solvents such as benzene, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, 1,2-dichloroethane, 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane and carbon disulfide were detected in few samples.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6536776 TI - [Patient monitoring system in the intensive care unit]. PMID- 6536777 TI - [Neurological care unit]. PMID- 6536779 TI - [Monitoring of patients in general and special wards]. PMID- 6536778 TI - [Patient monitoring system in the operating room]. PMID- 6536780 TI - [Patient monitoring in the hospital rehabilitation department]. PMID- 6536781 TI - [Algorithm for the recognition of the disease state]. PMID- 6536782 TI - [Education of specialists in patient monitoring]. PMID- 6536783 TI - Evaluation of the neurovirulence test of oral poliovaccines in Japan during the period 1963-1982. AB - The present study showed that the neurovirulence test for the lesion-inducing virus dose in the spinal cord in 50% of monkeys inoculated with oral polio vaccine (Sabin) (LID50) reflected to a large extent safety and efficacy of the vaccine upon administration to children. The degree of attenuation of the vaccine in terms of LID50 appeared to be related to the decrease in the vaccine associated cases as well as the seroconversion rate. An exceptional case, however, was noted in which lot No. 301 was not classified into less attenuated vaccine by the neurovirulence test. This fact suggests that the method we have employed awaits further improvement. PMID- 6536784 TI - On the serology of Vibrio vulnificus. AB - The serology of 70 strains of Vibrio vulnificus was studied. Seven O-antigenic groups were defined among them and it was shown that the H antigens of all the strains were identical. A heat-labile masked antigen, which inhibits O agglutination, was found in some strains. As all O antisera for V. vulnificus contained some R antibody, all diagnostic O sera must be absorbed with R organisms before use. PMID- 6536785 TI - O-serogrouping scheme for mesophilic Aeromonas strains. AB - The O-antigens of 307 strains of mesophilic Aeromonas including 227 A. hydrophila and 80 A. caviae were studied and 44 O-serogroups defined among them. The presence of heat-labile masked antigen, which inhibits O-agglutination, was observed in some strains. As all the O-antisera prepared with these mesophilic Aeromonas strains contained some R-antibody, all diagnostic O-antisera must be absorbed with R-organisms before use. Some of the O-antigens were found to be identical or closely related to those of certain serovars of Vibrio cholerae, Vibrio fluvialis or Plesiomonas shigelloides. PMID- 6536786 TI - Alloimmune hemagglutinating antibodies in cynomolgus monkeys. AB - In total, 10 type-specific hemagglutinating antibodies were differentiated by the absorption procedure using alloimmune sera produced by immunizing four cynomolgus monkeys with red cells at intervals of 6 weeks. All of these antibodies reacted well in the albumin, bromelin and Coombs methods but not in the saline method, indicating incomplete form. Each of 10 antibodies was identified as of IgG class by gel filtration and by inhibition with anti-human immunoglobulin sera. PMID- 6536787 TI - Restoration of anaerobic character in germfree mice of the facultative anaerobe mutant of Bifidobacterium (I). PMID- 6536788 TI - A survey of plasmids in Veillonella strains isolated from human oral cavity. PMID- 6536789 TI - Restoration of anaerobic character of the facultative anaerobe mutant of Bifidobacterium in germfree mice which have a single generation of corpus luteum. PMID- 6536790 TI - [Complications of the surgical treatment of retinal detachment. Analysis of clinical data 1977-1983]. PMID- 6536791 TI - [Analysis of complications of the surgical treatment of retinal detachment]. PMID- 6536792 TI - [Relation between preoperative factors and complications of surgical treatment of retinal detachment. 1. Intraoperative complications]. PMID- 6536793 TI - [Relation between preoperative factors and complications of surgical treatment of retinal detachment. 2. Postoperative complications]. PMID- 6536794 TI - [Preoperative factors and complications of reoperation in retinal detachment]. PMID- 6536795 TI - [Penetration of a cerclage suture into the eyeball in our cases 1979-1983]. PMID- 6536796 TI - [Complications of intra- and extrascleral silicone implants]. PMID- 6536797 TI - [Complications of operations for retinal detachment using rubber and silicone sponge implants]. PMID- 6536798 TI - [Complications of operations for retinal detachment with and without drainage of subretinal fluid]. PMID- 6536799 TI - [Complications after total drainage of subretinal fluid]. PMID- 6536800 TI - [Acute necrosis of the retina associated with retraction of the vitreous body. Complication of an operation for retinal detachment]. PMID- 6536801 TI - [Effect of postoperative complications on the durability of retinal apposition]. PMID- 6536802 TI - The fine structure of the human ovarian hilus cells. PMID- 6536803 TI - Ultrastructural relationships between the sensory nerve terminals and the odontoblast process in the human dental pulp. PMID- 6536804 TI - Comparison of the anti-neuraminidase antibody responses to vaccination with influenza whole particle and hemagglutinin vaccines. PMID- 6536805 TI - Recurrent headaches in Japanese children: 128 cases. PMID- 6536806 TI - Coincidence of a brain tumor and a cerebral arterial aneurysm--report of a case and review of the literature. PMID- 6536807 TI - Measurement of fontanelle pressure (Part I). A new instrument for non-invasive measurement of intracranial pressure via the anterior fontanelle. PMID- 6536808 TI - Measurement system of fontanelle pressure (Part II). Trial production of a non invasive intracranial pressure monitoring system via the anterior fontanelle. PMID- 6536809 TI - Fontanelle pressure (ICP) in infantile hydrocephalus. Investigation of ICP in 6 cases of hydrocephalus with normal head circumference and without shunting operation. PMID- 6536810 TI - Fontanelle pressure in infants: discussion on 6 cases of macrocrania. PMID- 6536811 TI - The determination of trimazosin and its metabolite CP23445 in whole blood by high performance liquid chromatography using fluorescence detection. AB - A sensitive and specific assay for trimazosin and its metabolite CP23445 is described. The method employs reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with fluorescence detection. The limit of detection of the assay is 1 ng/ml whole blood for trimazosin and 0.5 ng/ml for CP23445. The coefficient of variation for trimazosin and CP23445 over a typical calibration size is 5.4% and 4.9%, respectively. Various drugs that may be coadministered with trimazosin are shown not to interfere in the assay. The method has been extensively employed to study the pharmacokinetics of trimazosin and CP23445, both in man and in animals. PMID- 6536812 TI - Determination of inflamed paw surface temperature in rats. AB - The surface temperature of a rat's paw is greatly affected by heat transfer because of its contacts with the body, as well as several environmental conditions. To establish a methodology for determining the surface temperature of the inflamed rat's paw, we devised an individual cage with a pair of rolling rods. The rods were set to protect contacts of paws with the body and were devised to roll easily when rats put their feet on the rods. When a rat was transferred to the individual cage with rolling rods from a group cage, the surface temperature of a normal or inflamed paw fell gradually and reached equilibrium within 10 minutes. The application of the rolling rods markedly narrowed the range of fluctuation of paw surface temperatures at the equilibrium, and increased the temperature difference between inflamed and noninflamed paws. We compared local hyperthermia and swelling of inflamed paws, and tested the effects of indomethacin. The results suggest that the local hyperthermia is a useful index of inflammation and a sensitive parameter for the pharmacological evaluation of antiinflammatory drugs. PMID- 6536813 TI - A versatile computer-controlled biological stimulus sequencer. AB - A computer-controlled stimulus sequencer has been developed. This device can be controlled by several commonly available, inexpensive 8-bit microcomputers in which the address, data, and control lines are externally accessible. Although the Apple implementation has been described, a similar interface has also been devised for the Radio Shack Color Computer. The hardware relies on the Rockwell Versatile Interface Adapter (VIA) chip (which has two 16-bit timers capable of functioning as frequency dividers, event counters, or one-shots) and a 12-bit digital-to-analog converter (DAC) chip. This hardware combination, along with software written in Basic and machine language (stored in an EPROM for turn-key operation), allows creation of a large number of unique trains that can be chained together in any sequence. This is aided by storing the train characteristics economically in the computer memory and chaining different train parameters in a link-list. Several train parameters can be incremented or decremented manually by a pair of keys. The amplitude of the train can be changed manually or under program control. Once created, the trains can be edited on the run or deleted from the sequence. The device also generates a trigger pulse that can be referenced to any pulse in a train and can be used to pretrigger an oscilloscope. The software has provision for detecting an external signal, and this information can be used to modify train parameters. The interface is interrupt driven and therefore does not require continuous use of the Basic interpreter.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6536814 TI - The recording of venous compliance in the conscious dog: a method for the assessment of venoconstrictor agents. AB - Determinations of drug-induced changes in venous compliance were performed in conscious dogs using a linear variable differential transformer. Changes in the diameter of the canine saphenous vein, produced by inflation to 45 mmHg of a sphygmomanometer cuff placed on the upper hind leg, were recorded. The cuff was inflated at 5-min intervals for 2 min before and after drug administration. Validation studies of this new method were performed by investigating the venoconstrictor activity of dihydroergotamine (Dihydergot). The intravenous administration of DHE, either locally or systemically, elicited dose-dependent and longlasting venoconstrictor responses with extremely small interindividual variations. Comparison of the present results to those reported for man suggests that recording of venous compliance in the conscious dog provides data with good predictability. PMID- 6536815 TI - A microcomputer-based package for determination of regional and global cardiac function and coronary hemodynamics. AB - A multichannel data acquisition package for reduction of systemic and coronary hemodynamic data that utilizes a personal microcomputer is described. The system provides a printout of heart rate, maximal rate of left ventricular pressure development (+dP/dt), maximal rate of ventricular relaxation (-dP/dt), absolute and normalized myocardial segment lengths, the degree of shortening of the segment over the cardiac cycle, systolic, diastolic, and mean coronary blood flow velocities, left ventricular systolic and end diastolic pressures, and systolic, diastolic, and mean aortic blood pressure from six channels of input data. Obtained values are precisely linked to the cardiac cycle. To illustrate the output of this system, data obtained by reading strip-chart records are compared to microcomputer-derived values in conscious, instrumented dogs. PMID- 6536816 TI - Proliferative vitreoretinopathy: the rabbit cell injection model for screening of antiproliferative drugs. AB - Injection into the rabbit vitreous of cultured cells results in a condition that mimics some of the features of proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) in man. Because of its simplicity and reproducibility, this model is especially useful for screening drugs that may control or inhibit intraocular cell proliferation. The cell injection model of PVR is reviewed, and some modifications are described. PMID- 6536817 TI - Drug distribution in solid tissue of the brain following chronic local perfusion utilizing implanted osmotic minipumps. AB - Surgically implanted osmotic minipumps were used to apply dye or [3H]-muscimol locally to the nucleus ventralis lateralis or globus pallidus of the cat. Extent of distribution of dye or radioactivity was measured from the site of application. A uniform distribution (1.2-2.5 mm) of dye or radioactivity was found lateral, ventral, and posterior to the perfusion site. Distribution dorsal to the perfusion site (2.5-7.5 mm) is complicated by infiltration into areas damaged by the implanted cannula. Anterior distribution (approximately 5 mm) was extensive, apparently as a result of the dye or labeled compound entering major tracts or projection pathways. This study demonstrates that with the appropriate precautions, distribution of drug following perfusion into solid tissue of the brain can be restricted to a localized area. However, our results also suggest that the neuroanatomical features of the chosen area (and surrounding area) may play a significant role in altering the pattern and extent of drug distribution. PMID- 6536818 TI - Microprocessor-assisted plethysmograph for the measurement of mouse paw volume. AB - A sensitive and reproducible method of measuring mouse paw volume was developed by interfacing a Mettler DeltaRange top-loading balance with a microcomputer. This methodology combined ease of operation and precision with the advantages of computer-controlled data processing and archivable storage of data. PMID- 6536819 TI - In vivo study of platelet aggregation in rats. AB - A simple in vivo method for the study of platelet aggregation in rats is described. The presence of circulating platelet aggregates in the blood of rats is shown after induction of intravascular platelet aggregation. This aggregation can be triggered either acutely, for example with ADP and collagen, or chronically, for example with a thrombogenic diet. The antagonist activity of acetylsalicylic acid indicates that this method can be used to evaluate anti thrombotic drugs. PMID- 6536820 TI - A method for the assay of alpha 1-acid glycoprotein in dog serum and its application to the plasma binding of propranolol and oxprenolol in animals receiving rifampicin. AB - A method for determination of alpha 1-acid glycoprotein (alpha 1-AGP) in dog serum was developed. Dog alpha 1-AGP was purified to homogeneity from pooled serum by DEAE and CM ion exchange chromatography. A monospecific antibody was obtained by injecting the antigen in rabbits. The antibody was used in a turbidimetric method that allowed detection at 10 micrograms/ml in serum. A linear correlation was found between the optical density and alpha 1-AGP concentration up to 20 micrograms alpha 1-AGP in the sample. The method has been used to demonstrate the effect of treatment with rifampicin on the alpha 1-AGP serum concentrations and its relation to the protein binding of oxprenolol and propranolol. PMID- 6536821 TI - Experimentally induced inflammation of the guinea pig palatal mucosa by injection of a microcrystalline suspension of monosodium urate. AB - The injection of microcrystals has been frequently used to induce inflammatory reactions in various sites (i.e., joints, skin, pleural cavity). The aim of this study was to create a reproducible experimental animal model of buccal inflammatory reaction. The monosodium urate (MSU) crystals were obtained following the technique described by Denko and Whitehouse (1976). After injection in the palatal mucosa, biopsies were sampled and analyzed using the stereologic technique described by Weibel et al. (1966). This analysis shows 1) a decrease of the collagen volume fraction in the hours after the injection; 2) the presence of vasculitis and edema during the 12 hours after the injection; and 3) an increase in the volume fractions of the inflammatory cells, especially monocytes and polymorphonuclear leukocytes, during the same period. PMID- 6536822 TI - A new technique for preparing continent gastric fistulas in dogs. AB - A new technique is described for making continent gastric fistulas in dogs. It is characterized by an antireflux flap of the gastric wall. It does not require a large laparotomy incision or gastric sutures, is simple, and takes only 30 minutes. Gastric secretion tests have demonstrated that this technique is followed by stable reproducible secretion. PMID- 6536823 TI - Direct enzymatic assay for reduced and oxidized glutathione. AB - A modification of a specific assay for the reduced (GSH) and oxidized (GSSG) species of glutathione is presented and compared with the method of Ellman (1959). The present method has an enzymatic basis using GSH as the specific cosubstrate for glutathione S-transferase activity. The enzymatic method resulted in comparable, but consistently lower, values for GSH and GSSG than did the method of Ellman. The greatest differences between the two methods occurred when measuring renal GSH and GSSG, possibly due to the presence of mixed thiols in the kidney. This enzymatic method was more specific and provided an accurate and reproducible method of GSH and GSSG determination. PMID- 6536824 TI - Radioimmunoassay for trimeprazine in human plasma. AB - Antisera to trimeprazine were raised in New Zealand white rabbits to an immunogen synthesized by covalent linkage of bovine serum albumin to N-(2 carboxyethyl)desmethyltrimeprazine. By use of an antiserum, a radioimmunoassay for trimeprazine was developed that is able to quantitate 0.38 ng/ml-1 in a 200 microliter plasma sample with a coefficient of variation of approximately 12%. The antiserum did not cross-react with the supposedly pharmacologically inactive metabolite trimeprazine sulfoxide; however, the cross-reactivity with the supposedly active metabolite N-desmethyltrimeprazine is significant (49%). The radioimmunoassay was able to measure the drug and/or N-desalkyl metabolites in plasma samples obtained as late as 24 hr following administration of a single oral dose (10mg) of trimeprazine tartrate. Analysis of the same plasma samples by a published high-performance liquid chromatographic procedure gave values much lower than those obtained by the radioimmunoassay, indicating the N-desalkyl metabolites are produced significantly after trimeprazine oral administration. PMID- 6536825 TI - Detection of endothelium in cerebral blood vessels. AB - An increasing body of evidence implies that the results of pharmacological studies of blood vessels may depend on the presence of an intact layer of endothelial cells inside the blood vessels. This is often inadvertently removed during the early part of the experiment and it is thus necessary to have some means of determining whether the endothelium is intact or has suffered extensive damage. Previous reports describe a stain that will enable the endothelial cells to be visualized, however we find that in the cerebral vasculature this approach is unsatisfactory in that it provides a gross underestimate of the amount of intact endothelium. A modification of the original procedure is described that provides results that correspond well with those of scanning or transmission electron microscopy. PMID- 6536826 TI - The effect of sample storage on the stability of chlorpromazine in plasma and whole blood. AB - The stability of chlorpromazine in heparinized whole blood and plasma was investigated at three different concentrations (5, 20, and 50 ng/ml) after storage at -20 degrees C for 0, 7, 14, 28, 56, and 84 days. A statistical analysis was done to determine whether there was any significant difference between the concentration of chlorpromazine in these body fluids as determined on day one versus each of the later dates of analysis. The results indicate that no significant difference was found over the course of these investigations. PMID- 6536827 TI - An easily constructed and inexpensive three-layer cassette for tritium-sensitive film autoradiography. AB - This report describes the design, construction, and use of a three-layer photographic cassette that is suitable for tritium-sensitive film autoradiography. The cassette can be produced easily and at a fraction of the cost of commercially available cassettes. The three-tiered design allows for the simultaneous exposure of 108 standard-sized glass microscope slides to three 20 X 34 cm pieces of 3H-Ultrofilm (LKB). The small between- or within-film variation of gray values recorded for either background, tritium-containing standards, or neighboring brain sections labeled with 3H-spiroperidol demonstrates the reliability of the cassette for autoradiographic quantification of tritium label. PMID- 6536828 TI - A canine model of transient myocardial dysfunction regional shortening in the presence of critical stenosis and cardiac stimulation. AB - An experimental model of exercise-induced angina pectoris was developed in anesthetized dogs. Two i.v. bolus injections of isoproterenol (ISO, 0.25 microgram/kg; time interval: 10 min) were administered, followed by constriction of the circumflex coronary artery (LCX; critical stenosis). Further i.v. bolus injections of ISO were administered before and after i.v. infusion of 0.9% NaCl (control infusion). Stenosis of the LCX did not modify regional function at rest as assessed with ultrasonic crystals implanted subendocardially both in the distribution areas of the circumflex coronary artery and of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD). In the presence of critical stenosis, ISO induced a reproducible, transient decrease in systolic shortening and percent systolic shortening in the area supplied by the LCX and a marked increase in systolic shortening and percent systolic shortening in the area supplied by the LAD. During a 60-min observation period following control infusion, no further substantial changes in regional dimensions were observed. The ISO-induced hemodynamic changes were reproducible during this period. The experimental model of exercise-induced angina pectoris presented in this study can be assumed to provide a reliable basis for evaluating the efficacy of various therapeutical interventions. PMID- 6536829 TI - Modification of an analgesy meter for paw-pressure antinociceptive testing in neonatal rats. AB - A modification to a commercially available analgesy meter is described. This modification provides more consistent responses when studying antinociception in neonatal rats using the paw- or tail-pressure tests. The modification is simple and inexpensive and will be especially useful for developmental studies. PMID- 6536830 TI - A precision isotonic measuring system for isolated tissues. AB - An isotonic measuring system is described which utilizes an angular position transducer of the linear differential voltage transformer type. Resistance to corrosion, protection against the ingress of solutions, and ease of mounting and setting up were the mechanical objectives. Accuracy, linearity, and freedom from drift were essential requirements of the electrical specification. A special housing was designed to accommodate the transducer to overcome these problems. A control unit incorporating a power supply and electronic filtering components was made to serve up to four such transducers. The transducer output voltage is sufficiently high to drive directly even low sensitivity chart recorders. Constructional details and a circuit diagram are included. Fifty such transducers have been in use for up to four years in these laboratories. Examples of some of the published work done using this transducer system are referenced. PMID- 6536831 TI - An assessment of the suitability of a modified technique of in situ rat-liver perfusion for the study of certain hepatic drug-drug interactions. AB - A modified technique of in situ rat-liver perfusion has been developed. Minor modifications were made for practical purposes to an existing technique including: the use of sterile Krebs Henseleit buffer to reduce contamination of perfusion medium which inhibits perfusion rate at the end of a perfusion period; the use of erythrocytes from 5-10-day-old whole human blood to provide a lysis free oxygen-carrying component of the perfusion medium; the introduction of a sampling and flow-rate device into the reservoir that allows repetitive and accurate monitoring of hepatic blood flow (+/- 0.1 ml/min) and also simplifies sampling of venous hepatic blood; a magnetic support for the hepatic portal vein cannula to provide an easily adjustable yet firm support for the cannula and thus reduce the risk of damage to the vessel wall. Various physiological parameters of the model were investigated. These include: bile flow rate; bile acid content of bile; K+, Na+, and Ca++ content of bile; percent of a bromosulphophthalein dose excreted; oxygen consumption of perfused livers; phenytoin disposition; glycogen content; acid phosphatase activity; and the fine structure of hepatocytes. These parameters were compared with literature and in vivo experimental values, and the results suggest that the model should be suitable for the study of metabolic drug drug interactions occurring in the rat liver. PMID- 6536832 TI - The application of irritant chemicals selectively to the skin of the leech ganglion/body wall preparation. AB - A technique is described for applying chemical irritants selectively to the skin of a superfused ganglion/body wall preparation of the horse leech, Haemopis sanguisuga. Details are given of the intracellular recording from sensory neurones of the effects of the irritant dibenzoxazepine and of mechanical stimulation. Dibenzoxazepine produced changes in the spontaneous firing pattern in the nociceptive cells of the leech but did not affect the response to mechanical stimulation of the skin in any type of sensory cell. It is possible that the system described could be used as a model of cutaneous excitation evoked by drugs or mechanical stimulation in higher animals. PMID- 6536833 TI - Interactions of magnesium and potassium on cardiac and vascular smooth muscle. International symposium, Montbazon, November 8-11, 1984. PMID- 6536834 TI - Magnesium, potassium and hormonal regulation. AB - Clinical and experimental data demonstrate that hormonal factors are involved in magnesium regulation. It is possible that the parathyroid hormone could play an important role in the maintenance of normal calcium and magnesium concentrations. The action of other hormones in magnesium metabolism appears to be an indirect response to factors such as calcium concentration or changes in volume. Alterations of the magnesium concentrations are important for the intracellular potassium, sodium and calcium content. Magnesium deficiency appears to lower intracellular potassium and to increase intracellular sodium and calcium concentrations. Therefore, magnesium is essential to avoid cardiovascular diseases (acute myocardial infarction, arrhythmias, hypertension) and to restore cellular potassium concentrations. PMID- 6536835 TI - Mode of action of conventional and potassium-sparing diuretics--aspects with relevance to Mg-sparing effects. Review of the present state of the art and recent findings. AB - The sites and modes of action of five groups of diuretics within the nephron, and their effects on magnesium excretion are outlined. More than 60% of the glomerularly filtered magnesium is reabsorbed in the loop of Henle. Hence, the loop diuretics induce a strong magnesium excretion. The benzothiadiazine diuretics increase magnesium excretion only moderately. In contrast, the potassium-sparing diuretics amiloride and triamterene, as well as the aldosterone antagonists, increase magnesium reabsorption and therefore may be designated as magnesium-conserving diuretic drugs. The possible modes of action of this property are discussed. PMID- 6536836 TI - Influence of magnesium and potassium deficiency on renal elimination and cardiovascular function demonstrated by impedance cardiography. AB - In an open controlled trial with 6 male human volunteers Mg and K intake was reduced to 32-35% of normal during a 5- and 4-day period, respectively and 80 mg Furosemide/day was coadministered during the second period in order to induce Mg and K wasting. After each testing period an intravenous infusion of 27.87 mEq Mg and K was administered as K, Mg-D,L-aspartate during 2 h. Electrolyte and fluid balance were analysed before, during and after the testing period. Moreover, impedance cardiographic measurements were carried out in order to determine changes of cardiovascular function, and 24-hour ECGs were recorded simultaneously. It could be shown that reduced Mg and K intake induces depletion of the intracellular stores which was furthermore enhanced by coadministration of the loop diuretic Furosemide. Whereas Mg renal elimination amounted only to 60 54% of intake, K elimination exceeded intake to a considerable extent, a fact that could be explained by the lack of Mg. Changes of cardiovascular function, such as stroke volume, cardiac output and end-diastolic volume, expressed by alterations of total resistivity ZO, were less pronounced, but could be inverted at least partly by a single intravenous infusion of K,Mg-D,L-aspartate. Heart rate and 24-h ECG did not reveal any detectable change. The testing procedure described here can be considered a reliable model for tests in clinical pharmacology. PMID- 6536837 TI - Magnesium- and potassium-sparing effects of amiloride. Review and recent findings. AB - One of the most common and most serious side-effects of diuretic therapy is an increased urinary loss of potassium. Another, although less well publicized, side effect of diuretic therapy is excessive loss of urinary magnesium. Loop-blocking diuretics, especially, cause major losses of urinary magnesium, and this is consistent with micropuncture studies in laboratory animals which indicate that the loop of Henle is a major site of magnesium reabsorption. Potassium-sparing diuretics such as amiloride can be administered concomitantly with more potent diuretics to counteract diuretic-induced potassium depletion. Amiloride may also exert magnesium-sparing actions. Our experimental investigations and clinical studies with congestive heart failure patients, providing evidence for both potassium- and magnesium-sparing actions of amiloride, will be discussed. In saline-loaded rats, the magnesium-sparing effect of amiloride was demonstrated when amiloride was administered either alone or in combination with furosemide. Renal clearance studies in rats indicated that the magnesium-sparing effect of amiloride was a direct renal action and not secondary to possible extra-renal actions. A dose-response relationship has been established for the actions of amiloride in reducing fractional excretion of magnesium and potassium during furosemide diuresis in rats. Congestive heart failure patients being treated with furosemide were found to be both potassium and magnesium deficient as indicated by reduced lymphocyte potassium and magnesium. In these patients, amiloride reduced urinary magnesium and potassium, increased plasma magnesium and potassium and also increased lymphocyte magnesium and potassium. The magnesium-sparing actions of amiloride may have important therapeutic implications in that many experimental and clinical studies from our laboratory and from other investigators have shown that magnesium plays an important role in the maintenance and restoration of cellular potassium. PMID- 6536838 TI - Potassium deficiency and cardiac function: experimental and clinical aspects. AB - Intra- and extracellular potassium and magnesium gradients in cellular membranes are essential factors of physiologic functions. Intestinal and renal loss of these ions cause predominantly a decrease in cellular potassium and magnesium by lowering the extra-cellular concentrations. In close connection with these changes, the permeability of cellular membranes for ions and, consequently, the excitability of skeletal and heart muscle cells are altered. Changes in the excitation, i.e. increased rising rate of the action potential and alterations of the refractory period, provoke cardiac arrhythmias. It is assumed that in contrast to chronic potassium deficiency the net changes which are caused by a reduction of extracellular potassium in acute deficiency states predispose to glycoside toxicity. These changes may therefore explain the clinical observation that acute hypokalemia is associated with a greater glycoside sensitivity than chronic potassium deficiency. Recent findings indicate that antikaliuretic substances can prevent the incidence of cardiac arrhythmias and may reduce glycoside sensitivity of the heart not only by antikaliuretic effects, but also by a possible direct action on the myocardium. Positive inotropic actions have also been reported. The meachanism of these effects is not yet sufficiently clarified. With regard to the broad clinical application of antikaliuretic diuretics (aldosterone antagonists, amiloride and triamterene), we studied their effects on myocardial membrane properties. Aldosterone antagonists led to a significant concentration-dependent prolongation of action potential duration and, correspondingly, to a lengthening of the refractory period. Action potential duration showed a significant increase under the influence of amiloride. A shortening of the refractory period induced by glycoside was antagonized by triamterene. Thus, the administration of antikaliuretic diuretics seems to be useful in the therapy of congestive heart failure also with respect to their extrarenal cardiac effects. Potassium and magnesium deficiency significantly alter cellular membrane functions, especially under pathologic conditions as far as ionic permeability and active ion transport are concerned. We assume that these findings may further explain the persistence of cardiac arrhythmias and increased glycoside sensitivity due to potassium deficiency even after restoring normal extracellular potassium concentrations. Therefore prolonged potassium and magnesium) substitution should be provided in these conditions in spite of normal extracellular potassium concentration. PMID- 6536839 TI - Interactions of magnesium and potassium in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease. AB - The interactions of Mg and K in cardiovascular disease are diverse and complex. However, Mg deficiency and loss from the heart and arteries, caused e.g. by dietary deficiency or imbalance, or by diseases and their treatment, can contribute to cardiovascular damage, and to functional abnormalities. Although Mg deficiency interferes with K retention, it is seldom measured in routine clinical practice, and the need to correct low Mg levels, in order to replete K, is rarely considered. The heart, with its high metabolic activity, is particularly vulnerable to Mg deficiency or loss because of the importance of Mg in mitochondrial structure and enzymatic function. The need for Mg to activate Na/K ATPase has long been known. Mg has also been shown to be structurally part of the enzyme in cardiac mitochondria. Additionally, Na/K exchange occurs in association with phosphorylation and dephosphorylation, reactions that are also Mg-dependent. The demonstration that Mg modulates K+/proton (H+) exchange, and that cation selectivity in Na+ and K+ exchange for H+ is highly dependent on the concentration of Mg++, provides new insights into how Mg protects against K loss. The loss of myocardial K that results from Mg deficiency contributes to electrophysiologic changes, as can the Ca shifts of Mg loss. A high Ca/Mg ratio also predisposes to arterial spasms, and increases catecholamine release. Thus the arrhythmogenic potential of Mg deficiency can be related to imbalances between Mg and K or between Mg and Ca, or both. Electrical or K-induced catecholamine release is increased by a low Mg/Ca ratio, as are increased fatty acids and lipids and intravascular hypercoagulability. K or Ca loading of the patient with undiagnosed Mg inadequacy is not only often unsuccessful, but it may carry inherent risks. It can intensify the Mg depletion, the arterial contractility, and ECG abnormality. In the patient receiving digitalis, Mg deficiency can increase drug toxicity. In the case of myocardial infarction, Mg deficiency can increase the risk of malignant ventricular arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death. In the absence of alcoholism or gastrointestinal disease, the use of loop diuretic therapy for congestive heart failure, especially in elderly patients, is the most common cause of Mg depletion. A high concurrence of hypomagnesemia with hypokalemia, from whatever cause, has been documented. However, systemic Mg deficiency can exist despite normal Mg serum levels. Methodological difficulties hamper direct detection of cellular Mg deficiency, but patients can be indirectly evaluated by use of Mg-loading tests, which may be of combined diagnostic and therapeutic value.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6536840 TI - Influence of intravenous Mg++ solutions on renal excretion of potassium, sodium, calcium, chloride, intraleukocytic potassium and peripheral vascular resistance: a metabolic and hemodynamic study in normal volunteers. AB - In an open randomized crossover trial 8 healthy male volunteers received an intravenous infusion of potassium chloride, potassium/magnesium chloride, potassium-(D,L)-aspartate, and potassium/magnesium-(D,L)-aspartate. Equimolar amounts of potassium (27.75 mmol) and magnesium (13.9 mmol) were given in a 500 ml volume during 24 h. During two 9-day periods subjects were maintained on a constant diet with a daily intake of 80 mmol potassium and 60 mmol magnesium. Infusions were administered on day 5 and 7 of each period. Serum and urine electrolyte concentrations as well as intraleukocyte potassium were measured before, during, and after the tests; cardiac output and systemic vascular resistance were determined by impedance cardiography. Potassium and magnesium containing solutions did not influence renal elimination of potassium, and also the circadian rhythm of potassium excretion did not show any change. The elimination of sodium, calcium, potassium, and chloride rose significantly over the corresponding control values during magnesium infusions, but not when potassium salts were given. The increase of calcium excretion after Mg++ is most probably due to suppression of parathyroid hormone. Intraleukocyte potassium was not affected significantly by the various infusions, indicating that intracellular compartments are completely filled. There was no evidence that the anion (D,L-aspartate or chloride) had a significant effect on all measured variables. Mean arterial blood pressure and peripheral vascular resistance were not altered significantly during the infusions. PMID- 6536841 TI - Intra-/extracellular shifts of potassium after the administration of Mg in patients with cardiovascular diseases. AB - Body potassium status is often dosed on serum potassium determinations. However, this parameter is not an adequate guide to the body potassium status, unless several factors are taken into consideration, e.g. acid-base balance and serum creatinine level. Muscle magnesium content is another factor, probably operative through its activation of Na-K-ATPase, which produces the energy necessary for the active transport of potassium into the cell. Magnesium has a membrane stabilizing effect as well, diminishing the outward movement of potassium from the cell. In case of magnesium deficiency, potassium cannot be transported into the cell in sufficient amounts and the result is an imbalance between the intra- and the extracellular potassium concentration, which in turn may lead to cardiac dysrhythmias. PMID- 6536842 TI - Ca-antagonistic effect of Mg on cardiac muscle compared to synthetic Ca antagonists. PMID- 6536843 TI - Cognitive stage differences in types of speaker uncertainty markers. PMID- 6536844 TI - The relationship between head movements and speech dysfluencies. PMID- 6536845 TI - Developmental aspects of the perception of acoustic cues in determining the voicing feature of final stop consonants. PMID- 6536846 TI - Peak intraoral air pressure in [p] as a function of F0 in Chinese. PMID- 6536847 TI - Hypoglycemia: a controversial illness in U.S. society. PMID- 6536848 TI - The vidente phenomenon in third world traditional healing: an Amazonian example. PMID- 6536849 TI - The influence of diet on morning sickness: a cross-cultural study. PMID- 6536850 TI - Daughter neglect, women's work, and marriage: Pakistan and Bangladesh compared. PMID- 6536851 TI - Changes in the differential treatment of Rajput girls in Khalapur: 1955-1975. PMID- 6536853 TI - Sex differences in infant care and vulnerability. PMID- 6536852 TI - Sex differences in attitudes towards newborn infants among women of Mexican origin. PMID- 6536854 TI - Sex differentials in survivorship and the customary treatment of infants and children. PMID- 6536856 TI - Indigenous treatment for alcoholism: the case of Puerto Rican spiritism. PMID- 6536855 TI - Hmong refugees in Minnesota: sex roles and mental health. PMID- 6536857 TI - Patterns of supplementation, nursing behavior, and lactation: a simulation analysis. PMID- 6536858 TI - Factors influencing the timing of initial breastfeeding in 954 out-of-hospital births. PMID- 6536859 TI - [State of research on the treatment of multiple sclerosis]. PMID- 6536860 TI - [Evaluation of the mental state of children with early-childhood onset of epilepsy treated between 1977 and 1981 (preliminary report)]. AB - From a group of 248 cases of epilepsy observed in the last five years 69 (28%) children, 32 boys and 37 girls, were isolated (aged from several months to 14 years) in whom the first epileptic seizures appeared at the age of 3 years or less. The subgroups were subjected to detailed psychiatric-psychological analysis for establishing whether epilepsy beginning in the life period of the most intense developmental processes may have any decisive influence on the psychic development and social adaptation of the child. It was found that children with epilepsy beginning at the age below 3 years require not only a careful differential diagnosis but even more a comprehensive therapeutic management, which should include, besides systematic administration of drugs and periodic EEG control also a continuous psychological and psychiatric supervision and care which would ensure a possibly optimal development of mental skills and social adaptation in the family and outside it. PMID- 6536861 TI - [Platelet aggregation in migraine and other headaches]. AB - In 43 patients with migraine, 20 with Horton's headaches, 13 with trigeminal neuralgia and 50 healthy subjects the circulating platelet aggregates were determined by the method of Wu and Hoak. Moreover, in 23 patients with migraine, 8 with Horton's headache and 21 healthy subjects spontaneous platelet aggregation was determined in platelet-rich plasma with a transmission aggregometer. It was found that the aggregation coefficient was much lower in patients with migraine and Horton's headache than in the control group. In the group with migraine the per cent of spontaneous aggregation in 8 patients differed significantly from the mean value which was similar to that in the control group or in the group with Horton's headache. In the light of these results the authors conclude that significant changes of platelet aggregation occur in migraine and Horton's headache. PMID- 6536862 TI - [Disorders of lipid metabolism in headaches of various etiologies]. AB - The authors studied the behaviour of various serum lipid fractions in 46 patients with headaches of various aetiology. No differences were found in the concentrations of various serum lipid fractions in the groups of patients with headaches, the only exception was kephalins. It was observed also that the concentration of total phospholipids and esterified cholesterol was significantly higher in all patients with headaches as compared with controls. Moreover, only in patients with migraine a statistically significant rise was observed in the concentrations of kephalins, total cholesterol and total lipids in relation to healthy subjects. PMID- 6536863 TI - [Computerized infusion test. I. The method]. AB - Biophysical aspects and the method of the Computerized Infusion Test (CIT) developed in the Neurosurgical Clinic of the Medical Research Center, Polish Academy of Sciences, are presented. The CIT is a development of classical methods of estimating the cerebrospinal fluid outflow resistance. It is based on a clinically tested mathematical model of the intracranial pressure-volume compensating mechanisms. The CIT enables the etrapolation of the infusion curve in cases when it is impossible to reach the upper steady during the constant infusion test because of the ICP exceeding values estimated as being critical. PMID- 6536864 TI - [Computerized infusion test. II. Clinical use]. AB - In 39 patients with intracranial lesions the resorption resistance was measured using an own computerized infusion test. A high usefulness of this test was demonstrated in the diagnosis of hydrocephalus and for establishing indications to ventriculocardiac valve implantation. In patients after craniocerebral injuries a rise was observed of the resorption resistance immediately after trauma in cases with subarachnoid haemorrhage. Later on, this resistance decreased gradually reaching a stable value after 1-2 years. Data obtained in the infusion test make possible establishing of optimal intracranial pressure and choice of an appropriate valve. The determination can be performed intraoperatively. PMID- 6536865 TI - [Morphological studies of gunshot wounds of the peripheral nerves in rabbits]. AB - The author reports the results of morphological investigations in 48 experimental shot wounds of the peripheral nerves of rabbits. In 8 animals the missile hit directly the ischiadic nerve disrupting its continuity (neurotmesis). The microscopic picture of not discupted nerves differed from one animal to another. Three types of microscopic findings were distinguished: 1) normal microscopic appearance, 2) Wallerian degeneration, 3) axonal regeneration. Normal appearance of nervous fibres was observed in all three groups of animals studied at different time intervals after injury (8-10, 18 and 56 days after injury). In the first and second groups Wallerian degeneration prevailed, while axonal regeneration was a typical finding in groups II and III. Microscopic changes in the nerves were very similar to those observed in peripheral nerves subjected to traction injury. It may be assumed that the cause of shot injury was sudden stretching of the nerve trunk in the pulsating shot channel. PMID- 6536866 TI - [A case of the moyamoya syndrome with a coexistent developmental anomaly of the circle of Willis]. PMID- 6536867 TI - [Pituitary adenomas invading the cavernous sinus]. AB - Two patients are reported with pituitary adenomas growing through the wall of the cavernous sinus. The authors stress diagnostic difficulties and emphasize the value of computer tomography in the diagnosis. PMID- 6536868 TI - [A case of tumor of the pineal body treated with gamma rays of Co-60]. AB - A 21-year-old patients was admitted to hospital with symptoms suggesting a tumour in the area of the epiphysis. Computer tomography confirmed the initial diagnosis. Since signs were present of increased intracranial pressure a Pudenz valve was implanted and in the second stage of treatment radiotherapy with radioactive cobalt was applied. A very good result was obtained with control CT failing to demonstrate presence of the tumour and hydrocephalus. PMID- 6536869 TI - [Cases of malignant neoplasms of soft tissues of the scalp]. AB - Two cases of sarcomas of the scalp are reported. Attention is called to the importance of early diagnosis and radical surgical treatment despite the high malignancy and tendency for recurrences. PMID- 6536871 TI - [Deaths during anesthesia: pheochromocytoma?]. PMID- 6536870 TI - [Comparative study of buprenorphine and morphine for pain control in the immediate postoperative period by peridural administration]. PMID- 6536872 TI - [Preoperative anesthesiology clinic. 7 years in service]. PMID- 6536874 TI - [Case of acute formol toxicity during echinococcal cyst surgery]. PMID- 6536873 TI - [Anesthesiologic use of flunitrazepam for reduction and stabilization of fractures with flexible nails in elderly high-risk patients]. PMID- 6536875 TI - [Prevention of aspiration bronchopneumonia in the comatose patient]. PMID- 6536876 TI - [Selective bronchial intubation in neonatal RDS. Case report]. PMID- 6536877 TI - [Use of sodium nitroprusside in the treatment of eclampsia]. PMID- 6536878 TI - [Tolerance to peridural buprenorphine in cancer pain. Case report]. PMID- 6536879 TI - Glycosphingolipids of an alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma and normal human muscle. A case study. AB - The distribution of neutral, or asialosyl-, glycosphingolipids and gangliosides in a rhabdomyosarcoma of alveolar type have been studied. Histologically, this muscle tumor is composed primarily of two cell types: one with oval or round hyperchromatic nuclei and very little cytoplasm, and one a giant cell, with multiple, peripherally placed nuclei and weakly staining eosinophillic cytoplasm. In comparing glycolipids of the rhabdomyosarcoma with normal muscle from the same leg, the striking alteration in the tumor was a virtual disappearance of ganglioside GM2. There was also a slight increase in GM3 and a decrease in GD1a. The asialosyl derivative of GM2 (GalNac-Gal-Glc-Cer) was markedly increased in the tumor. A loss of glucosylceramide was also observed. The results are discussed in terms of glycolipid metabolic changes in muscle oncogenesis and their implications. PMID- 6536880 TI - Rates of protein synthesis and degradation in Gunn rat cerebellum with bilirubin induced cerebellar hypoplasia. AB - The rates of protein synthesis and degradation, and the endogenous leucine content on days 13 and 30, were examined in the cerebellum of homozygous Gunn rats with cerebellar hypoplasia and compared with those of heterozygotes. The rate of protein synthesis based on milligrams of protein was significantly lower on day 30 and the degradation rate was about ten times faster between days 13 and 18. Furthermore, leucine concentration was about 1.7 times higher on day 13. The present results suggest that the lowered protein concentration previously observed in the cerebellum of homozygous Gunn rats is ascribed to the increased rate of protein degradation on day 13, and to the decreased rate of protein synthesis on day 30. PMID- 6536881 TI - Cerebral metabolic and circulatory effects of 1,1,1-trichloroethane, a neurotoxic industrial solvent. 1. Effects on local cerebral glucose consumption and blood flow during acute exposure. AB - The effects of inhaled 1,1,1-trichloroethane (3500, 6000, and 7800 ppm) on behavior, local cerebral blood flow, and local cerebral glucose consumption were studied in awake rats. The effect of the solvent inhalation on the EEG pattern and local cerebral blood flow was also studied in paralyzed animals under N2O analgesia. Exposure of awake animals to 6000 ppm 1,1,1-trichloroethane induced a decrease in motility and exploratory behavior. At 7800 ppm the rats were clearly ataxic. The local cerebral glucose consumption in 23 brain regions was studied by the [14C]deoxyglucose technique. A decrease was observed ranging from 14 to 55% of control values. The inferior colliculus and substantia nigra displayed the largest reductions. In exposed animals the local cerebral blood flow increased in 11 brain structures by 28-45%. In animals under N2O analgesia, 7400 ppm 1,1,1 trichloroethane induced a depression of the EEG activity. In these animals the local cerebral blood flow increased by 12-99%, with a large variability in blood flow between the different structures. It is concluded that exposure of rats to subanesthetic doses of 1,1,1-trichloroethane induces an increase in cerebral blood flow in spite of a concomitant decrease in glucose consumption and depression of cerebral function. PMID- 6536882 TI - Cerebral metabolic and circulatory effects of 1,1,1-trichloroethane, a neurotoxic industrial solvent. 2. Tissue concentrations of labile phosphates, glycolytic metabolites, citric acid cycle intermediates, amino acids, and cyclic nucleotides. AB - In order to obtain information on the mechanisms of neurotoxicity of 1,1,1 trichloroethane, rats maintained artificially ventilated on N2O:O2 (70:30) were exposed to a concentration of 1,1,1-trichloroethane of 8000 ppm, 43.7 mg L-1, that induces moderate ataxia in awake, spontaneously breathing animals. After 5 and 60 min of exposure, as well as after a 60-min recovery period following 60 min of exposure, the brain was frozen in situ and cortical tissue was assayed for phosphocreatine (PCr), + ATP, ADP, AMP, glycogen, glucose, pyruvate, lactate, citric acid cycle intermediates, associated amino acids, and cyclic nucleotides; in addition, purine nucleotides, nucleosides, and bases were assayed by HPLC techniques. Exposure of animals to 1,1,1-trichloroethane failed to alter blood glucose, lactate, and pyruvate concentrations. However, the solvent induced highly significant increases in tissue lactate and pyruvate concentrations that were also reflected in cisternal CSF. Associated with these changes were increases in all citric acid cycle intermediates except succinate, an increase in alanine concentration, and a rise in the glutamate/aspartate ratio. After 5 min, a small decrease in glycogen concentration also occurred. All these changes were reversed when the exposure was terminated. No changes were observed in tissue concentrations of purine nucleotides, nucleosides, and bases except for a small reduction of ATP concentration after 60 min of exposure, still noticeable after 60 min of recovery. Apart from a small reduction in cAMP concentration after 5 min of exposure, cyclic nucleotide concentrations did not change. PMID- 6536883 TI - Amino acids in autopsied human spinal cord. Selective changes in Friedreich's ataxia. AB - The distribution of glycine, glutamate, aspartate, glutamine, and taurine was measured at autopsy in 10 normal human spinal cords, and in 4 spinal cords from Friedreich's Ataxia patients, using a sensitive double-isotope microassay of their dansyl derivatives. Transverse sections of spinal cord from cervical, thoracic, and lumbar levels were dissected to afford samples of gray matter, posterior columns, dorsal white matter, and ventral white matter. Levels of glycine, glutamate, and glutamine were found to be elevated in lumbar gray matter, being 2-3 times higher than those found in white matter structures. Aspartate and taurine, on the other hand, were found to be distributed more evenly in autopsied human spinal cord. Selective abnormalities of amino acid distribution in Friedreich's Ataxia included decreased glutamate and glutamine in lumbar gray matter and posterior columns and increased taurine content of lumbar spinal cord. These changes may be of pathophysiological significance in this hereditary neurodegenerative disease. PMID- 6536884 TI - An HRP study of neural pathways to neocortical olfactory areas in monkeys. AB - Afferent fiber projections to the two orbitofrontal olfactory areas of monkeys were studied using the horseradish peroxidase (HRP) technique. After injections of HRP into the lateroposterior (LPOF) or centroposterior (CPOF) area of the orbitofrontal cortex, some differences were found in the distribution of labeled cells between the projections to the LPOF and CPOF. These results, along with those of previous electrophysiological investigations, suggest the following conclusions: (1) the extrathalamic olfactory pathway to the LPOF identified by Tanabe et al. has relay neurons primarily in the substantia innominata and the amygdala and, secondarily, in the prorhinal cortex and the hypothalamus; (2) direct fibers to the LPOF from the amygdala and the prorhinal cortex pass through the areas ventral to the thalamus; (3) the transthalamic olfactory pathway to the CPOF identified by Yarita et al. has relay neurons concentrated primarily in the magnocellular portion of the mediodorsal nucleus of the thalamus. PMID- 6536885 TI - Ontogenesis of the central serotonin neuron system of the rat--an immunohistochemical study. AB - The peroxidase-antiperoxidase technique was used to study the ontogenesis of serotonin-containing neurons in fetal, neonatal and adult rats. Serotonin containing neurons were first detected in a rat embryo of crown-rump length (CRL) 5 mm, bilaterally distributed in the ventral metencephalon near the isthmus rhombencephali. Serotonin fibers were first detected in CRL 6 mm embryos. There was a rapid increase in serotonin-immunoreactive neurons of embryos of 7-8 mm CRL. Serotonin neurons appeared initially as independent, bilateral groups of neurons, but as early as CRL 16 mm, the adult mid-line distribution was present, while the neurons that occurred as single groups in the adult already existed as single groups or at least were only partially connected across the mid-line. A continuous distribution of serotonin neurons was observed in the mesencephalic and pontine reticular formation from CRL 13 mm to the adult stage. It is suggested that the rapid increase in serotonin neurons at 7 and 8 mm CRL is associated with the completion of mitosis which occurs at this time. PMID- 6536886 TI - Estimation of the rising phase of EPSP analyzed by computer simulation of the coding process. AB - Based on data obtained from intracellular recordings of cat alpha-motoneurons in the stretch reflex, the firing process of these motoneurons was computer simulated. The impulse response EPSP (IR-EPSP) was simulated to correspond to a monosynaptic mass EPSP elicited by a spindle afferent volley, while the returning potential was simulated to correspond to a potential gradient rising toward an augmenting depolarization of the membrane (augmentative EPSP) after motoneuronal spike generation. The IR-EPSPs were generated by input at random intervals and added to each other, linearly, on the returning potential. As soon as the resultant potential attained the critical threshold level, Vth, motoneuron firing occurred. Then IR-EPSPs were again added to the returning potential until another motoneuron firing occurred. This process was repeated continuously, and the time relation between input and output, lag-time distribution (PT(T], was determined Distribution of the bias potential, PV(V), from which the motoneuron spike triggering EPSP started to rise, was also calculated. The relations between PT(T), PV(V) and a waveform of the IR-EPSP were obtained analytically. The relation indicated that the shape of PT(T) corresponds to a time derivative of the rising phase of the IR-EPSP if the PV(V) distribution is uniform. In this study, we investigated the possibility of making the PV(V) distribution uniform. PMID- 6536887 TI - Transplantation of the neonatal suprachiasmatic nuclei into rats with complete bilateral suprachiasmatic lesions. AB - The suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) obtained from neonatal day 1 rats were transplanted into the third ventricle of SCN lesioned rats which had shown circadian arrhythmicity in wheel-running activity for more than 2 months. In 8 out of 16 rats that received SCN transplantation, appearance of circadian rhythms in wheel-running activity was observed between 2 and 9 weeks after transplantation. Histological examination revealed ingrowth of the grafts into the periventricular zone, caudal from the lesioned SCN. These findings suggest that the recovery of circadian rhythmicity was the result of functional reinnervation of the periventricular zone by efferent fibers from the SCN. PMID- 6536888 TI - Superior vestibular nucleus neurones related to the excitatory vestibulo-ocular reflex of anterior canal origin and their ascending course in the cat. AB - Stimulation of the superior vestibular nucleus and the anterior canal nerve evoked mono- and disynaptic excitatory postsynaptic potentials, respectively, in contralateral inferior oblique motoneurones of the cat. Combined stimulation revealed that the superior vestibular nucleus relayed excitatory anterior canal signals to the motoneurones. Thirty-six superior vestibular neurones receiving anterior canal inputs were activated antidromically by microstimulation of the contralateral inferior oblique motoneurone pool. Their axons ascended neither in the brachium conjunctivum nor in the medial longitudinal fasciculus, but proceeded rostrally in the ventral part of the brain stem. PMID- 6536889 TI - Agenesis of the corpus callosum in ddN strain mouse associated with unusual facial appearance (flat-face). AB - In the course of an experiment involving brother-sister matings between ddN strain mice, mice occurred with an unusual facial appearance (flat-face). Subsequently, 4 mice with flat-face were bred from the litters of the second birth (ca. 10% frequency). This flat-face was assumed to be the result of a malformed short nose, hypoplastic maxilla and mandible, and hypertelorism. These 4 flat-face mice exhibited no significant delays in growth, motor ability or the development of learning ability. Histologically, they were all characterized by an almost total absence of callosal fibers and the presence of abnormal longitudinal neuromatous bundles. Therefore, the flat-face mice may be useful as experimental animals for brain research, as one can easily judge that they lack the corpus callosum from the facial appearance. PMID- 6536890 TI - Convergence of noxious and non-noxious cutaneous afferents and baroreceptor afferents onto single adrenal sympathetic neurons in anesthetized rats. AB - Single units of the adrenal sympathetic nerve (n = 46) were dissected and characterized with respect to tonic discharge and response to cutaneous and baroreceptor stimulation. The frequency of tonic discharge averaged 1.6 Hz and cardiovascular rhythmic modulation was observed in 53% of the units. The stimuli employed in the present study included phenylephrine-induced increases in blood pressure and pinching or brushing of lower chest skin. Mean unit activity increased 27% on lower chest pinching stimulation, decreased 12% on lower chest brushing stimulation and decreased 62% on phenylephrine-induced baroreceptor stimulation. Although there was a tendency for units with higher tonic firing frequency to have a greater response to stimulation, this relationship was not significant for pinching or brushing of lower chest skin. The close correlation between tonic activity and response to phenylephrine was explicable on the basis of a near total depression of many units, which resulted in a larger decrease in firing frequency for units with initially high spontaneous discharge rates. As might be expected, units with cardiovascular rhythmicity manifested greater responses to baroreceptor activation. This correlation was independent of tonic rate of discharge since rhythmic and non-rhythmic units did not significantly differ in tonic activity. While a majority of units responded in a typical fashion to all three stimuli (i.e. with increases to pinching and decreases to brushing and phenylephrine administration), there was little correlation between the response magnitude of individual units to any two of the stimuli employed. We conclude, therefore, that most adrenal sympathetic units receive convergent reflex input from cutaneous noxious and non-noxious afferents as well as from baroreceptor afferents, although for any individual unit the quantitative significance of each input varies. PMID- 6536891 TI - Sites in the rabbit flocculus specifically related to eye blinking and neck muscle contraction. AB - In alert rabbits, the cerebellar flocculus was mapped for effects of local stimuli delivered through glass microelectrodes. Triple-barreled glass microelectrodes were used, each barrel of which was filled with solution containing one of three different dyes (Fast Green FCF, Pontamine Sky Blue and Nigrosine) for differentially labeling the sites exhibiting different stimulus effects. In addition to eye movements reported earlier, eye blinking and contraction of dorsal neck muscles were elicited from limited areas of the flocculus. Eye blinking sites were concentrated rostroventrally and neck muscle contraction sites caudoventrally within the flocculus. The present results suggest that the rabbit flocculus contains specific sites devoted to the control of eye blinking and neck posture. PMID- 6536892 TI - Corticocortical projections to the prefrontal cortex in the rhesus monkey investigated with horseradish peroxidase techniques. AB - The corticocortical afferents innervating the prefrontal cortex in the monkey were studied by means of the retrograde axonal transport of horseradish peroxidase. After injection of small amounts (0.3-0.5 microliter) of this enzyme into various parts of the prefrontal cortex, many labeled neurons (mostly pyramids of 15-25 microns in diameter) were found in various cortical regions of the ipsilateral hemisphere. A small part of the prefrontal cortex received fibers from other parts of the same cortex. For example, area 8 receives many fibers from both the rostral part of area 9 and a small area adjacent to the inferior branch of the arcuate sulcus. On the other hand, area 9 in the inferior prefrontal convexity receives fibers from localized parts of areas 8 and 9 in the dorsolateral convexity as well as from area 6. It is also apparent that association connections from the dorsolateral to the inferior convexity are stronger than those going in the opposite direction. The prefrontal afferents from other cortical regions include many fibers originating from the posterior association cortex as well as some fibers arising in the cingulate and orbital gyri. The prefrontal cortex does not receive direct corticocortical fibers from the motor and "primary" sensory cortices. There is a topographic pattern in the prefrontal projections from the cortical walls (STs area) surrounding the superior temporal sulcus. Thus, the caudal half of the STs area projects to area 8 and a small adjacent part of area 9. The dorsal wall of the rostral half of the STs area projects to areas 9-12, the fundus to the inferior convexity, and the ventral wall only to the caudal part of the convexity. Projections from the circumjacent association cortex of the STs area to the prefrontal cortex as well as to the STs area are likewise found to be topographically organized. This suggests that certain parts of the posterior association cortex projecting to particular areas of the prefrontal cortex, also send fibers to those parts of the STs area which project to the same prefrontal areas. PMID- 6536893 TI - Calcium-dependent potentials in mammalian red nucleus neurons in vitro. AB - Intracellular recordings were made from red nucleus (RN) neurons in guinea-pig slice preparations. The slow afterhyperpolarization (AHP) following an action potential was reversibly abolished by Co2+ or Mn2+. Its amplitude was dependent on the extracellular K+ concentration. When tetraethylammonium was added to the perfusing solution, a tetrodotoxin-resistant regenerative depolarization was evoked which was blocked by Co2+ or Mn2+. There results suggest that the slow AHP is produced by an increase in Ca2+-dependent K+ conductance and that RN neurons have a voltage-dependent Ca2+ conductance. PMID- 6536894 TI - Possible role of serotonin in the secretory activity of the subcommissural organ of the cat. AB - The possible role of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) in the secretory activity of the subcommissural organ (SCO) was investigated in the cat by using 5 HT immunohistochemistry and Gomori's secretory staining technique. Administration of para-chlorophenylalanine, a potent inhibitor of 5-HT synthesis, was found to produce a marked decrease in both 5-HT-immunoreactive materials and secretory granules in the SCO. In contrast, administration of 5-hydroxytryptophan, an immediate precursor of 5-HT, to animals pretreated with para-chlorophenylalanine resulted in an increase in the amount of both secretory granules and 5-HT immunoreactivities in this circumventricular organ. These results strongly suggest that the secretory activity of the SCO of cats is regulated by 5-HT. PMID- 6536895 TI - Inferior olivary lesions after local injections of 3-acetylpyridine in rabbits. AB - This report presents evidence that local injections of 3-acetylpyridine (3-AP) produce circumscribed lesions of the inferior olive (IO) in rabbits. These restricted lesions, assessed in both cresyl violet-stained sections after a 14 day survival and cupric-silver-stained sections after a 16-24 h survival period, are similar in appearance to lesions produced by systemic 3-AP administration in rats. Two types of degeneration are observed: destruction of cells at the injection site and more diffuse cell death in the ipsilateral and contralateral inferior olive. The latter type of degeneration appears to result from IO fiber of-passage uptake of 3-AP. There was no evidence of lesions in surrounding structures or in sources of axons passing through periolivary regions. Thus, this protocol is a promising tool for studies of climbing fiber connectivity and physiology in rabbits. PMID- 6536896 TI - Activity of the striate cortex cells during saccadic eye movements of the alert cat. AB - Neuronal activity in the striate cortex was studied during eye movements of alert cats under reinforcement of eye movements with rewards of water. Striate cells were differentiated into two groups exhibiting contrasting activities during and at intermissions of saccadic eye movements made in the presence of a visual pattern: (1) saccade-excited (SE) cells (207/271) that were excited during saccadic eye movements and were much less active at intermissions; and (2) saccade-depressed (SD) cells (55/271) that were depressed during eye movements and were strongly active at intermissions. Under suppression of eye movements by retrobulbar paralysis or by withdrawal of the rewards, most SE-cells (89/104) exhibited photic responsiveness characteristic of "complex" cells in the anesthetized cat, and almost all SD-cells (23/26) that of "simple" cells. Therefore, it is likely that the two major neuronal populations in the striate cortex provide parallel channels of visual information which are gated in an alternative way during eye movements. PMID- 6536897 TI - Analysis of signal content of Purkinje cell responses to optokinetic stimuli in the rabbit cerebellar flocculus by selective lesions of brainstem pathways. AB - The heterogeneous signal content of floccular Purkinje cell responses to optokinetic stimuli was analyzed in alert rabbits by means of selective lesions to brainstem pathways. Extracellular spike activities of Purkinje cells were recorded from rostral areas of the flocculus where local electrical stimulation elicited abduction of the ipsilateral eye. Chronic unilateral destruction of the nucleus reticularis tegmenti pontis, interrupting the visual mossy fiber afferent pathway to the flocculus, reduced the gain of the optokinetic eye movement (OKR) to one-third of the control. Concomitantly, simple spike responses of Purkinje cells to optokinetic stimuli were reduced to less than one-third of the control values. Severance of the visual climbing fiber afferent pathway by rostral inferior olivary lesions reduced the OKR gain little, and decreased the simple spike responses of the Purkinje cells only slightly. Bilateral lesions of the rostral half of the medial vestibular nucleus and rostro-ventral part of the lateral vestibular nucleus, which reduced the eye velocity in the OKR to less than one-third of the control value, did not induce any appreciable change in the simple spike responses of the Purkinje cells. It is concluded that visual mossy fiber signals are the most dominant factor which determines Purkinje cell responses to optokinetic stimuli, while visual climbing fiber signals and eye velocity mossy fiber signals make only subsidiary contributions. PMID- 6536898 TI - Orthodromic and antidromic responses of nucleus accumbens neurons to stimulation of amygdala and substantia nigra in cats. AB - Response of nucleus accumbens neurons to stimulation of the amygdala and the substantia nigra were investigated extracellularly in anesthetized cats. They were excited by stimulation of the basolateral amygdaloid nucleus with latencies of 9.0-20.0 ms (mean 12.8 ms). About 70% of them were activated antidromically with latencies of 5.5-33.0 ms (mean 18.8 ms) following stimulation of the substantia nigra pars reticulata. The nucleus accumbens thus relays signals from the amygdaloid complex to the substantia nigra, and may act to bridge the limbic system to the basal ganglia. PMID- 6536899 TI - Long-term recording of extracellular unitary spikes of the basal ganglia neurons in moving cats. AB - A technique for long-term recording of unitary spikes of the basal ganglia neurons in moving cats has been introduced. For recording of extracellular unitary spikes teflon-coated platinum/iridium wires of 25 microns diameter (A-M Systems, WA, U.S.A.) are used. A suitable preamplifier using small diodes and FETS is made. A crucial point is to make the head of the preamplifier as small as possible and to connect it to the main part of the preamplifier with soft wires. The same amplitude spikes are picked up by a slicer device and the spikes are converted into square pulses of 1 ms duration. To study the relationship between changes of unitary activities and behavior, a video-tape recording system which includes two cameras, mixing device and editing machine is used. A way of identification of sites of recorded cells is described. PMID- 6536900 TI - Axon collaterals of anterior semicircular canal-activated vestibular neurons and their coactivation of extraocular and neck motoneurons in the cat. AB - We studied the ascending and descending axonal trajectories of excitatory vestibular neurons related to the anterior semicircular canal, by means of local stimulation and spike-triggered signal averaging techniques in anesthetized cats. More than 200 vestibular neurons related to the ampullary nerve of the anterior semicircular canal (ACN) were identified as vestibulo-ocular neurons by antidromic stimulation of the contralateral inferior oblique (IO) muscle motoneuron pool. In the descending, medial and ventral lateral nuclei, about 60% of these vestibulo-ocular neurons were also activated antidromically by upper cervical spinal cord stimulation (vestibulo-ocular-collic (cervical) = VOC). These VOC neurons produced unitary EPSPs in the majority of neck extensor motoneurons located at the C1 segment. None of the VOC neurons had axons descending as far as the thoracic level. Most of these VOC neurons were activated monosynaptically following stimulation of the ACN. The conduction velocity of the descending axons of VOC neurons was approximately 63 m/s, which was significantly faster than that of the ascending axons. The remaining 40% of the vestibulo ocular neurons were not activated antidromically following spinal cord stimulation at intensities of 1 mA or more (vestibulo-ocular = VO). Most of the VO neurons were activated polysynaptically by ACN stimulation. The superior vestibular nucleus contained VO neurons that were activated mono- and polysynaptically following ACN stimulation. PMID- 6536901 TI - Floccular influence on excitatory relay neurones of vestibular reflexes of anterior semicircular canal origin in the cat. AB - Floccular influence on excitatory vestibular reflex arcs of anterior semicircular canal origin was examined in the anaesthetized cat. Stimulation of the anterior semicircular canal nerve (ACN) evoked disynaptic excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) in all sampled inferior oblique (IO), superior rectus (SR), and biventor cervicis (BIV) muscle motoneurones of the contralateral side. Conditioning stimulus to the flocculus depressed the amplitude of the EPSPs in both IO and SR motoneurones by 50% on the average but not in any BIV motoneurones. The excitatory vestibulo-ocular neurones identified by orthodromic and antidromic responses to stimulation of the ACN and the contralateral IO motoneurone pool, respectively, were classified as VOC (vestibulo-ocular neurones with axons descending to the cervical segment) or VO (vestibulo-ocular proper) neurones on the basis of whether or not they responded antidromically to stimulation of the spinal cord in the C1 segment. All of the VO neurones in the superior vestibular nucleus (n = 19) were inhibited from the flocculus while the activities of three-fourths of the VO neurones (36/48) in the other vestibular nuclei were not suppressed by floccular stimulation. In contrast, none of VOC neurones (n = 49) received floccular inhibition. Besides inhibition, floccular stimulation induced the antidromic or orthodromic responses in some VO and VOC neurones. PMID- 6536902 TI - Central effects of aldosterone infused into the rat subcommissural organ region. AB - D-Aldosterone (5 ng/microliter/h) was infused for 6 days into the region of the subcommissural organ (SCO) of conscious, adult male Sprague-Dawley rats. Aldosterone increased urinary sodium loss and the sodium/potassium ratio. Although probably central in origin, these effects still occurred when cannulae were displaced up to 1 mm from the targeted SCO placement. Aldosterone decreased adrenal medullary cross-sectional area without affecting cell density. This effect was highly dependent on proper cannula placement and was not observed when the cannula tip was not in contact with the cerebrospinal fluid of the pineal recess over the rostral two-thirds of the SCO. We conclude that aldosterone increases sodium excretion by an action in the SCO and/or adjacent structures. We also postulate a negative trophic relationship between mineralocorticoids and the adrenal medulla mediated by the SCO. PMID- 6536903 TI - Effects of 3-acetylpyridine on local cerebral glucose utilization. AB - Local cerebral glucose utilization was observed in mice treated with 3 acetylpyridine (3-AP), one of the nicotinamide antagonists. This drug resulted in loss of pyramidal cells and gliosis restricted almost exclusively to Spielmeyer's resistant sector (area CA3) in the dorsal hippocampus. On the other hand, the most striking feature in the autoradiographic observations was that optical density in the impaired CA3 region of the dorsal hippocampus was significantly increased (P less than 0.01). Therefore, when the 2-deoxyglucose method is employed under pathological conditions, one must pay attention to these glial reactions. PMID- 6536904 TI - Conditioned heart rate response: testing under anaesthesia in rats. AB - Classically conditioned heart rate response was studied in anaesthetized rats. Rats were conditioned with photic stimuli followed by electric tail shocks in a conscious state and tested under anaesthesia for conditioned heart rate change. Testing photic stimuli evoked a transient bradycardia in about one-third of testing trials. Magnitude of the bradycardia was significantly greater in conditioned rats than that in untrained or control rats trained with electric tail shocks followed by photic stimuli. The difference was found to be mainly due to the difference in amplitude of individual bradycardia response rather than that in frequency of occurrence of the response. Testing stimuli also evoked a slight and sustained tachycardia, but magnitude of the tachycardia in conditioned rats did not differ significantly from that in control or untrained rats. These results suggest that effects of classical conditioning on autonomic functions can be detected and studied under anaesthesia. PMID- 6536905 TI - Responses of the nucleus of the optic tract neurons projecting to the nucleus reticularis tegmenti pontis upon optokinetic stimulation in the rabbit. AB - The activity of cells (n = 55) in the nucleus of the optic tract (NOT) in pigmented rabbits was recorded extracellularly. All cells were activated orthodromically from the optic chiasm (latency 2.3 +/- 0.4 ms, mean and S.D., n = 33). The mean conduction velocity of optic nerves to the NOT was 19.0 m/s, and the mean nuclear delay in the NOT was 0.9 ms. Stimulation to the nucleus reticularis tegmenti pontis (Nrtp) antidromically activated 37 cells (latency 1.0 +/- 0.3 ms) (Nrtp(+)cell) but did not antidromically activate the other 18 cells (Nrtp(-) cell). The response properties were studied by spike density histograms constructed during the application of moving visual stimuli (random dot patterns, 0.1-200 degrees/s). The optimal velocity was 5-50 degrees/s for the majority (74%, n = 29) of the total samples tested. Of 10 cells preferring high velocities (75-150 degrees/s), four times as many Nrtp(+) cells (n = 8) preferred high velocities as did Nrtp(-) cells. The optimal velocities of Nrtp(+) cells significantly correlated with the rostro-caudality of recording sites in the NOT, the more rostral cells preferring a slower velocity. Nrtp(+) cells preferred not only a horizontal (53%) but also a vertical or diagonal orientation in contrast to the majority (71%) of Nrtp(-) cells, which preferred a horizontal orientation. The receptive fields (mean size 28 degrees X 15 degrees) scattered horizontally corresponding to the visual streak of the retina. PMID- 6536906 TI - Collateralized projection of visual climbing fibers to the flocculus and nodulus of the rabbit. AB - Electrical stimulation of the rabbit cerebellar flocculus evoked responses in Purkinje cells of the nodulus by an axon reflex through collateralized climbing fibers (latency 4.2 ms). These responses interfered with those evoked by stimulation of the optic nerve in the manner of occlusion. Stimulation of the nodulus induced similar axon reflex responses in the flocculus. To identify the cells of origin of this collateralized climbing fiber projection, different fluorescent retrograde tracers, propidium iodide and 4',6-diamidino-2 phenylindole, were injected into the nodulus and flocculus. In the contralateral inferior olive, the majority (85%) of double-labeled cells were found in the dorsal cap and the rest (15%) in the ventrolateral outgrowth. These results lead to a conclusion that some inferior olive neurons convey common visual signals with collateralized axons to both the flocculus and the nodulus. PMID- 6536907 TI - Noxious inputs to supraoptic neurosecretory cells in the rat. AB - The effects of noxious stimuli were studied on discharge activity of the neurosecretory cells identified in the supraoptic nucleus by antidromic excitation after pituitary stimulation, in anaesthetized rats. Tail pinching excited 24% and inhibited spontaneous discharge of 6% of the 91 cells tested. Noxious heat stimuli (44-63 degrees C) applied to the hindlimb paw produced a transient excitation in 26% of the 23 cells tested. Electric stimulation of either the sciatic or cutaneous nerve with 20-Hz pulses for 1 s, at an intensity 5 times stronger than the threshold for evoking the changes in respiratory movements and blood pressure similar to those after tail pinching or noxious heat stimuli, excited about 30% of the cells tested. The excitation produced by these noxious stimuli preceded, on some occasions, the respiratory movement and blood pressure decrease which occurred concomitantly. Peristimulus time histograms of spontaneous discharges constructed during stimulation of either nerve at 1 Hz, revealed the presence of excitatory synaptic inputs in about 35% of the neurosecretory cells tested. These data indicate the existence of direct neural pathways which mediate excitatory synaptic inputs originating from nociceptors to supraoptic neurosecretory cells. Since 9 of the 22 cells which were excited by tail pinching exhibited a "phasic" pattern of spontaneous discharge which is known to characterize certain vasopressin-secreting neurones in rats, it is suggested that these excited cells were, at least in part, vasopressinergic. PMID- 6536908 TI - Quantitative analysis of drug-induced tremor in mice. AB - A method of analyzing tremor in mice was developed using a power spectral analysis of the random current induced by the movement of a magnet attached to a mouse, on a wire coil. The power spectral density function defined the frequency composition of the tremor, and the mean square value of the data in any frequency range of concern was determined. It was possible to determine qualitative differences in the tremor caused by various tremorgenic agents, and to differentiate the drug-induced tremor from spontaneous motor activity. The power spectral densities of the tremorine- and oxotremorine-induced tremors were tentatively expressed as the sum of 3 main components (Cauchy distribution) with different peak frequencies, consisting of the spontaneous motor activity component and two tremor components. On the other hand, the power spectral densities of the harmaline-induced tremor were expressed as the sum of two components with two peak frequencies, and the plots of the power spectral densities versus frequency, consisting of the spontaneous motor activity component and a tremor component. The frequency of the peak spectral density was almost independent of the dose of tremorgenic agents, but changed slightly with the lapse of time after their injection. The severity of the tremor was determined quantitatively in terms of the sum of the mean square value. The sum of the mean square value for a period of 45 min after the injection of tremorine, changed in a dose-dependent manner. The severity of the tremor was different for each of the mouse strains. The method studied in the present paper is expected to be utilized for the quantitative examination of the fine motor movement of the experimental animal, particularly, for the screening test of new anti-tremor drugs. PMID- 6536909 TI - Synaptology of alpha-motoneurons in the chicken spinal cord. AB - The synaptology of alpha-motoneurons innervating the anterior and posterior latissimus dorsi muscle (ALD and PLD) in the chicken was studied electron microscopically. These motoneurons were identified by means of retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase injected into each muscle. Presynaptic boutons on their somata and dendrites were classified as S, F, C and M types, fundamentally similar to those previously reported in the monkey, cat and rat. Besides them, the presynaptic terminals which contained dense-cored vesicles, designated as the G type collectively for practical purposes, were newly found on both the somata and dendrites of chicken alpha-motoneurons and divided into five subtypes characterized by the presence of: (1) elongated-cored vesicles and flattened clear vesicles; (2) small spherical-cored vesicles (the range of diameter, 55-100 nm) and spherical clear vesicles; (3) middle-sized spherical cored vesicles (60-120 nm) concomitant with spherical clear vesicles; (4) large spherical cored vesicles (85-145 nm) with a few spherical clear vesicles; and (5) cored vesicles of various shapes and sizes intermingled with tubular structures with dense content in them. The frequent occurrence of the G-type boutons on alpha-motoneurons in the chickens as compared with the rat, cat or monkey may suggest that the somatic motor activity in the chicken is modulated by neuropeptides and/or biogenic amines more than in the mammals. PMID- 6536910 TI - Effects of iodine and thyroid hormone in ameliorating rickets on Steenbock diet. PMID- 6536911 TI - Independency of release reaction on aggregation in ADP stimulated-platelet. PMID- 6536912 TI - Serum adenosine deaminase activity in healthy subjects and lead workers. PMID- 6536913 TI - Surgical treatment of renal papillary necrosis. PMID- 6536914 TI - Changes in size distribution curve on the process of platelet aggregation induced by various agents. PMID- 6536915 TI - The prediction of the surgical prognosis of the compression myelopathy. The study by the descending evoked spinal cord potential. PMID- 6536916 TI - [Isolation of strains of Yersinia enterocolitica and affinity of the species for plant products]. PMID- 6536917 TI - [The amount of mercury, cadmium and lead found in meals in communities of the city of Rome]. PMID- 6536918 TI - [Distribution in serogroups of strains of beta-hemolytic Streptococci isolated in a children's hospital in Palermo]. PMID- 6536919 TI - [Mycotoxins in some vegetables]. PMID- 6536920 TI - [Effect of nickel and cadmium at various pH levels on biochemical oxygen demands (BOD5)]. PMID- 6536921 TI - [The use of the causation test in the analysis of data relative to research on residues of estrogenic substances by the biological method]. PMID- 6536922 TI - [Gas chromatographic determination of di-2-ethyl-hexyl phthalate in farm soil]. PMID- 6536923 TI - [Antiviral action of a 40% solution of 5-iodo-2'-deoxyuridine]. PMID- 6536924 TI - [Aeromonas hydrophila: epidemiological study in the area around Rome]. PMID- 6536925 TI - [Diffusion of Yersinia enterocolitica in river and sea environments near Rome]. PMID- 6536926 TI - [Transfer of phthalate esters from containers for blood and blood derivatives]. PMID- 6536927 TI - [Individual variations in the content of cadmium, copper and lead in muscle tissue of the mantle in Sepia officinalis L]. PMID- 6536928 TI - [Epidemiology of urinary infections. II. Time course of resistance to antibiotic drugs]. PMID- 6536929 TI - [Epidemiology of psittacosis in an area of the Marche region]. PMID- 6536930 TI - [Mycological screening of products designated for animal feed. 1. Research on strains producing aflatoxin]. PMID- 6536931 TI - [Recent results in the immunological prevention of measles]. PMID- 6536932 TI - [Osteoporosis in patients with diabetes mellitus type 1 and 2. Roentgeno morphometric evaluation and changes in various parameters of calcium-phosphorus metabolism]. PMID- 6536933 TI - [Effect of diabetes mellitus on the bioelectrical activity of the stomach]. PMID- 6536935 TI - Proceedings of the International Symposium on Medical Perspectives on Passive Smoking. April 9-12, 1984, Vienna, Austria. PMID- 6536934 TI - [Anaphylactic shock in cold-induced urticaria]. PMID- 6536936 TI - Passive smoking: a scientific consideration. PMID- 6536937 TI - Deposition of sidestream cigarette smoke in the human respiratory tract. AB - The intake of sidestream cigarette smoke can be calculated if ventilation and smoke concentration are known. However, respiratory tract dose of smoke particulates cannot be determined unless the deposition fraction of inhaled smoke is known. The deposition fraction of mainstream smoke is 70-90%, far higher than expected for most particles in the size range, 0.2-0.5 micron, which is also the range for cigarette smoke. The deposition fraction of sidestream smoke was measured in five normal male subjects. The deposition, the dose of smoke particulates to the respiratory tract can be estimated. The deposition fraction of sidestream smoke is much lower than for mainstream smoke. PMID- 6536938 TI - Tobacco sidestream smoke: uptake by nonsmokers. AB - Some epidemiological studies indicate an association between passive smoking and an increased risk for cancer, especially for cancer of the lung. Other reports, however, have failed to confirm these findings. Biochemical analyses of the physiological fluids for markers of exposure to tobacco smoke are needed as measurements of the uptake of smoke components by nonsmokers and for the estimation of relative cancer risk to passively exposed persons compared with that to active cigarette smokers. This communication reports the uptake of carbon monoxide, hydrogen cyanide, and nicotine after passive smoke exposure under controlled conditions. The results indicate that salivary nicotine values reflect the level of recent passive smoke exposure within an hour and that urinary cotinine values indicate the level of passive smoke exposure in the preceding hours. N-Nitrosoproline has been shown to serve as an indicator of endogenous N nitrosamine formation in cigarette smokers: yet, preliminary studies do not indicate that urinary excretion of N-nitrosoproline is increased following short term passive smoke exposure. In infants, first field studies suggest a correlation between exposure to tobacco-smoke-polluted environments and levels of cotinine in both serum and urine. PMID- 6536939 TI - Annoyance and irritation by passive smoking. AB - The acute irritating and annoying effects of smoke have been investigated in field and laboratory studies by examining the concentration of some smoke components in air. In the workplace, 30 to 70% of the indoor carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxide, and particulate concentrations are due to tobacco smoke; 25-40% of the employees are disturbed and/or annoyed by smoke and 25% suffer from eye irritation at work. Subjective eye, nose, and throat irritations and eye blink rate increase with increasing smoke concentration and increasing exposure duration. Irritation is due mainly to the particulate phase of environmental tobacco smoke, whereas the gas phase is, to a large extent, responsible for annoyance. It is concluded that healthy individuals can tolerate an environmental tobacco smoke level that corresponds to a carbon monoxide concentration of 1.5 to 2.0 ppm. Above these limits, countermeasures to protect passive smokers are necessary. In order not to exceed the upper tolerable threshold limit of 2.0 ppm carbon monoxide, it is necessary to have a fresh air supply of 33 m3 per hour per cigarette smoked. Special attention should be paid to groups of people with increased sensitivity to environmental tobacco smoke, e.g., asthmatics, allergic individuals, chronic bronchitis sufferers, and children. PMID- 6536940 TI - The influence of passive smoking on pulmonary function--a study of 1,351 office workers. AB - Until now it has been difficult to ascertain how much passive inhalation of tobacco smoke affects bronchopulmonary function. To answer this question, an investigation involving 1,351 white collar workers was carried out. Information about active and passive tobacco smoke exposure was obtained by a standardized questionnaire. This made it possible to subdivide the overall group into five subgroups: Never smokers, passive smokers, ex-smokers, current smokers, and other smokers. Forced expiratory vital capacity (FVC) and maximal expiratory flow volume (MEFV) curves were used for lung function analysis. From these curves FVC, forced mid-expiratory flow (FEF 25/75), forced end-expiratory flow (FEF 75/85), and maximal mid-expiratory flow (MEF 25/75) were determined and standardized for sex, age, height, and body weight. Passive smokers evaluated by this method showed essentially no decrease in parameters describing ventilatory function. It is concluded from the dose-and time-effect relationships obtained in active smokers between the lung function parameters and the duration of tobacco smoke exposure on the one hand and the daily consumption of cigarettes on the other that passive smoking in small doses may have no essential effect on pulmonary function. PMID- 6536941 TI - Hydroxyproline excretion in urine of smokers and passive smokers. AB - Urinary hydroxyproline excretion was investigated in 125 male cigarette smokers, 194 male pipe and/or cigar smokers, and 24 male nonsmokers. Hydroxyproline excretion was calculated either as hydroxyproline/creatinine ratio or as body surface-standardized amounts of hydroxyproline excreted in urine sampled during day, during night, or over 24 hr. The association of hydroxyproline excretion with smoke uptake variables such as daily cigarette consumption, carboxyhemoglobin, serum cotinine, and nicotine in urine and with self-reported passive smoking exposure in nonsmokers was analyzed. The hydroxyproline/creatinine ratio was found to be unsuitable as a measure of hydroxyproline excretion since creatinine urine concentrations correlate inversely with smoke uptake in cigarette and pipe/cigar smokers. The amount of hydroxyproline excreted in 24-hr urine and standardized for body surface was not significantly associated with smoke uptake in pipe/cigar smokers or exposure to passive smoking in nonsmokers. In cigarette smokers the situation appeared similar, although the results were less clear-cut. The data do not favor the premise that measuring urinary hydroxyproline excretion is an accurate method of investigating a lung-damaging effect of smoking, passive smoking, or air pollution. PMID- 6536942 TI - Cancer mortality in nonsmoking women with smoking husbands based on a large-scale cohort study in Japan. AB - Mortality of 91,540 nonsmoking wives was studied in relation to the smoking habits of their husbands by means of a cohort study in Japan. During 16 years of follow-up, 200 deaths from lung cancer took place. The relative risks of lung cancer in these nonsmoking wives were 1.00, 1.36, 1.42, 1.58, and 1.91 when husbands were nonsmokers, ex-smokers, or daily smokers of 1-14, 15-19, or 20 or more cigarettes daily, respectively. Specificity of association and internal consistencies were observed. Among cancers of each site, a similar tendency toward risk elevation in nonsmoking wives with smoking husbands was observed for nasal sinus cancer, brain tumors, and cancer of all sites besides lung cancer. In interpreting these results, the significance of proximity in exposure to sidestream smoke in Japanese homes was stressed. PMID- 6536943 TI - Passive smoking and cancer--American experience. AB - Although one U.S. case-control study has shown that nonsmoking women married to smokers have a greater risk of lung cancer than do nonsmoking women married to nonsmokers, data from the American Cancer Society's prospective study have failed to show such risk: and, a case-control study based on reports of whether or not nonsmoking women and men were exposed to smoke of others also failed to show an elevated risk of lung cancer. Data presented here indicate that 40-50% of nonsmoking American women married to nonsmokers may be exposed to passive smoke. More studies are needed to demonstrate the role of passive smoke in the development of lung cancer in nonsmokers. The American Cancer Society is currently collecting such data in a case-control and a prospective study. PMID- 6536944 TI - Quantitative aspects of passive smoking and lung cancer. AB - The exposure of passive smokers to cigarette smoke is estimated to be equivalent to 0.1-1.0 cigarette/day actively smoked. According to the reported relationships of dose and time, lung cancer incidence and other relative risk figures relating to nonsmokers have been calculated for ages 40, 50, 60, 70, and 79. Risks for smokers with a daily consumption of 0.1-1.0 cigarette were found to be in the range of R = 1.03 to 1.36. As it applies to passive smokers, this range of exposure may be neglected because it has no major effect on lung cancer incidence. The results of four previous studies dealing with passive smoking and lung cancer are compared with the current calculated risks, and the differences are discussed. PMID- 6536945 TI - Measuring passive smoking: methods, problems, and perspectives. AB - The definition of passive smoking used by T. Hirayama [Brit. Med. J. 282, 183-185 (1981)] and other authors has at least three major shortcomings: it is only applicable to a highly selective sub-population; varying lifestyle patterns cannot be taken into account; and exposure outside the home is neglected. To overcome these shortcomings, a preliminary qualitative and classificatory definition of passive smoking that includes the total population as well as any smoke exposure, regardless of its location, was developed. This definition does not include the quantity of exposure or changes over time. Based on a representative survey, 17.8% of the population over 35 years are potential passive smokers according to this definition. The questionnaire developed by E.L. Wynder and associates (American Health Foundation, New York) presents difficulties in scoring the results for different lifestyles. Therefore a quantitative concept was developed for estimating exposure over any period of time as a generalized assessment instrument. The concept of maximum exposed M time for an individual (TMI) as well as for a group (TMG) is introduced. The results are presented graphically by a cumulative standardized exposed M-time diagram. Results obtained so far lean toward plausibility and stability of the data and the concept. The interview form has still to be validated. PMID- 6536946 TI - The extent of passive smoking in the Federal Republic of Germany. AB - A representative survey of 1,670 persons between 14 and 65 years of age was conducted in order to obtain current data on active and passive smoking in the Federal Republic of Germany. Overall, 36.7% were smokers, 21.3% were former smokers, and 42.0% were nonsmokers. These rates vary for sociodemographic subgroups and for states, cities, and rural areas. The time pattern during the 24 hr preceding the interview is identical in shape for active as well as passive smoking. The exposed maximum time for passive smoking varies with age and sex. It lies somewhere between 2 and 15% of the observed 24 hr; the best estimates seem to be 5% for nonsmoking men and 3-4% for nonsmoking women. It consistently compares with our preliminary definition of passive smoking. A reconstruction of Hirayama's definition reveals parallel results in terms of maximum exposure time when compared with our preliminary definition. A direct comparison between both definitions showed inconsistencies to an extent that could jeopardize the results of a case-control study. Data demonstrate a massive effect of measuring techniques on study results with regard to the frequency and extent of passive smoking. They also show the vulnerability of the calculation of equivalence of actively smoked cigarettes. PMID- 6536948 TI - Socio-economic, problems with aging. PMID- 6536949 TI - The diagnosis and management of epilepsy. PMID- 6536947 TI - Roundtable discussion: symposium: medical perspectives on passive smoking. PMID- 6536950 TI - Hospice program. PMID- 6536951 TI - Planning for retirement--you and your patient. PMID- 6536952 TI - Changes in the life insurance business. PMID- 6536953 TI - Insurance medicine and legislation. PMID- 6536954 TI - Effects of the treatment of hypertension on morbidity and mortality. PMID- 6536955 TI - Cerebral transient ischemic attacks and cerebrovascular disease. PMID- 6536956 TI - The value of identification and treatment of patients with high blood pressure. PMID- 6536957 TI - [Disorders of sleep and wakefulness and related biological factors]. PMID- 6536958 TI - [Chemotherapy and psychotherapy--therapeutic approaches in psychiatric diseases resistant to treatment]. PMID- 6536959 TI - [Recovery process and social rehabilitation of schizophrenic patients]. PMID- 6536960 TI - [Psychiatry of the aged, with special reference to symptomatology of dementia]. PMID- 6536961 TI - [Psychological care of dying patients]. PMID- 6536962 TI - [Psychiatry in emergency medicine]. PMID- 6536963 TI - [Comparative clinical studies on schizoaffective psychosis, bipolar disorder and paranoid schizophrenia. I. Selected features of the psychopathological picture and course of the illness]. PMID- 6536964 TI - [Effect of increased levels of trace elements in the blood on erythrocyte membrane permeability to sodium and potassium ions in childhood schizophrenia]. PMID- 6536965 TI - [Prolonged vocational rehabilitation of severely mentally retarded students in trade schools]. PMID- 6536966 TI - [Rehabilitation camps (personal experience)]. PMID- 6536967 TI - [Use of an organic brain damage rating scale in the diagnosis of psycho-organic syndromes]. PMID- 6536968 TI - [Selected elements of complex therapy in the opinion of former patients of the neurosis ward of the Psychiatric Clinic in Bydgoszcz]. PMID- 6536969 TI - [Case of the lawsuit as a contribution to reflections on the etiology of sexual deviations]. PMID- 6536970 TI - [Self mutilation of external genitalia by men]. PMID- 6536971 TI - Health insurance and psychiatry: one peer reviewer's perspective. AB - For more than twenty years, discrimination against psychiatry by the health insurance industry has been a painful issue, the subject of vigorous action by organized psychiatry. A major breakthrough was the decision by the Civilian Health and Medical Programs of the Uniformed Services (CHAMPUS) in 1967 to extend coverage for outpatient psychiatric service to military dependents. From 1967 to 1970, CHAMPUS expenditures for psychiatric services increased from $90,000 to $400,000. Large sums were paid paid to unaccredited facilities, notably residential treatment centers for children (Armstrong, 1977), thus raising legitimate concerns about quality of care and inappropriate utilization. A more fundamental issue intimidates insurers, the apparent vagueness of psychiatric concepts and criteria for clinical judgments in practice (Liptzin, 1974). PMID- 6536972 TI - Self and other directed violence on a closed acute-care ward. AB - Violence to self and to others on a locked, acute-care unit is reported for a three-year period. Drug abuse correlated strongly with both types of violence. Self-violence appeared to be a more predictable event due to its diagnostic specificity, history of prior violence and timing of the episodes. Assaults occurred more randomly demonstrating only a mild association with schizophrenia, but not with other psychotic disorders. PMID- 6536974 TI - Values and therapy orientations of psychotherapy trainees: a twelve-year update. AB - Psychotherapy orientations, self-declared fortes in conducting therapy, and interpersonal values were studied among psychiatry residents and psychology interns in the late 1960s and early 1980s. A distinct pattern of psychotherapy orientations and fortes emerged which transcended professional backgrounds and proved stable across generations, despite some interactions between training and time. Subjects' professed areas of expertise were closely aligned with their beliefs about what methods are most effective in psychotherapy, and both these variables were significantly associated with their value profiles. The correlation matrix suggested a three-factor model of related psychotherapy and value orientations surrounding the three predominant modalities: insight, corrective emotional experiences, and learning. It was proposed that the data support the importance of value dimensions in contributing to psychotherapists' adoption of specific treatment strategies and their developing expertise in corresponding techniques. PMID- 6536973 TI - Malingering and malingering-like behavior: some clinical and conceptual issues. AB - Malingering phenomena are reconceptualized along a continuum of other-deceptive, and "malingering-like" mixed-deceptive and self-deceptive categories, depending upon the degree of the subject's conscious self-awareness. This schema heuristically expands the malingering concept to include its multivaried range of clinical presentations which are ubiquitously encountered but underdiscussed in the literature. PMID- 6536975 TI - Transition from residency training to academia. AB - Anxious and depressive reactions during transitions from psychiatry residency to career settings have been reported. The authors describe difficulties encountered in their transition from psychiatry residency to academic psychiatry within the same program. Four stages of transition are described: Termination--a time of separation and grief over losses; Adjustment--a time of ambivalence and uncertainty; Identity Formation--a time of increased productivity and comfort; Consolidation--a time of accomplishment and compatibility of life goals. Women may additionally encounter gender-specific problems in entering a predominantly male profession. The development of supportive relationships within and outside work settings are viewed as the best methods of coping with transitional stress. PMID- 6536977 TI - Rational therapy of nephrolithiasis, Part I. PMID- 6536976 TI - Psychobiology of the borderline disorders--a heuristic approach. AB - A psychophysiologic approach to understanding borderline behavior is presented in which psychological and biological explanations complement, rather than exclude, one another. Descriptive-objective diagnoses or a target symptom approach are not sufficient to explain borderline behaviors. Phenomena are described that suggest underlying pathophysiologic processes, although they are usually accorded ego psychological explanations. Their underlying common denominator may be inadequate limbic system "filtering" of irrelevant stimuli. Each patient must be seen as an individual, rather than be fitted to a chosen model. Though the borderline constitutes a unique descriptive category, borderline behaviors result from processes generalizable across a broad range of psychopathology. PMID- 6536979 TI - Issues resolved--major actions: physical containment. PMID- 6536978 TI - Rational therapy of nephrolithiasis, Part II. PMID- 6536980 TI - [X-ray features of the long-term follow-up (l0-12 years) of the Charnley hip prosthesis fixed with acrylic cement]. AB - A long term follow-up (10 divided by 12 years) of Charnley total hip arthroplasties fixed with radiopaque acrylic cement is reported. Clinical results and X-rays features have been correlated and discussed with reference to the bone reaction and to the diagnostic possibilities of standard radiographs. A radiographic diagnosis of loosening preceding relevant clinical symptom may allow revision arthroplasty before anatomical situation becomes too deteriorated. PMID- 6536981 TI - [Role of computerized tomography in the evaluation of the stability of the glenohumeral articulation]. AB - CT scans of the shoulder were performed on 30 normal subjects. The bony architecture of the glenohumeral joint and of the shoulder as described by definite angles and index was determined. Attention was primarily drawn upon the parameters often implicated in the mechanism of glenohumeral stability, namely: the glenoid antero-posterior tilt and the anteversion angle of the scapula. While the former is a static determinant, the latter is a dynamic determinant of joint stability. An inversely proportional relationship was found to exist between these two components of glenohumeral stability. It may be speculated that an high glenoid tilt, which is unstable, may be counterbalanced by a functional reduction in anteversion of the scapula, thus improving the joint stability. PMID- 6536982 TI - [Theoretical presuppositions in the precise tomographic study of the temporomandibular joint]. AB - In order to eliminate typical projective distortions of lateral or standard oblique tomography of the temporo-mandibular joint, authors suggest a preliminary evaluation of the long condylar axis inclination by means of axial radiograph. This method allows to personalize, for each side, the slope of X-ray beam to perform an effectual oblique tomography. PMID- 6536983 TI - [X-ray computed tomography in non-neoplastic pathology of the larynx]. AB - The authors describe the CT findings in 57 patients suffering from various non neoplastic disease of the larynx: chronic laryngitis, pseudotumor, paralysis, post-traumatic lesions, laryngocele, cyst. CT is usefull in evaluating site and extension of the disease, as well as its relations with the surrounding tissues. The densitometric evaluation and the functional tests are important in differential diagnosis with malignant neoplasms. PMID- 6536984 TI - [Radiological diagnosis of pulmonary arterial hypertension in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis]. AB - This study evaluates the usefulness of chest x-ray in the diagnosis of pulmonary arterial hypertension. Twelve patients with severe interstitial fibrosis were studied by respiratory functional tests and right heart catheterization. A quantitative radiologic diagnosis of pulmonary arterial hypertension in pulmonary fibrosis results more difficult than in chronic obstructive airway disease, mitral stenosis or pulmonary thromboembolism. Nevertheless in case of severe interstitial fibrosis pulmonary hypertension was regularly present even if specific radiologic findings were not available. We have found some interesting correlations, i.e. a trend to a relationship between mean pulmonary pressure and right descending pulmonary artery diameter. PMID- 6536986 TI - [Radioisotope study (first pass) of left ventricular function in 2 oblique projections using gold-195m after myocardial infarction]. AB - The radioisotope 195Aum because of its short halflife of 30 seconds and reduced radiation exposure allows routine first pass examinations in two oblique projections, i.e. right anterior and left anterior oblique. The value of the additional left anterior oblique projection has been examined in 30 patients after previous myocardial infarction by functional imaging in two oblique projections. The multicrystal gamma camera connected with a microprocessor and a contrast injector have been used. For assessment of left ventricular function the following functional images have been adopted: the regional ejection fractions (rEF), the regional ejection rates (rEJR) and the regional mean transit times (rMTT). The right anterior oblique view resulted diagnostic for miocardial infarction in 26 of 30 patients (86,6%). The left anterior oblique view was informative with respect of septal extension 17 times (58,6%), lateral extension 9 times (31%), septal and lateral extension 3 times. With regard of the different functional images the rMTT showed the severe dysfunction in the infarcted zones in all patients (100%), the rEJR in 29 patients (96,6%), the rEF in 28 cases (93,3%). In 4 cases dyskinesia was observed, twice in the left anterior oblique view and also twice in the right anterior oblique view. In patients with previous MI it is necessary to record the second left anterior oblique projection which can be done routinely by the use of 195Aum and first pass technique. On functional images, maximum information is obtained by the rMTT which visualizes the zones of severe dysfunction and its extension. PMID- 6536985 TI - [Chests x-ray in status asthmaticus. Relations between radiological abnormalities and impaired respiratory function]. AB - The chest radiographs of 78 adult asthmatic patients admitted with severe acute asthma over a three-years period were reviewed. Radiographic findings were compared with functional data. Overinflation was demonstrated in 32% of chest X rays. In four patients the presence of atelectasis was shown. On admission only PaO2 was significantly lower in patients with radiological abnormalities than in patients with normal chest radiographs. The usefulness of chest radiographs in patients with acute asthma is discussed. PMID- 6536987 TI - [Magnetic resonance: imaging of the heart and mediastinum]. AB - The anatomic structures of the heart and mediastinum can be demonstrated with MRI in three dimensions in their topographic order without contrast medium or heart catheterization. Furthermore, differentiation of the tracheobronchial system and the mediastinal lymph nodes can be discerned with MRI. MRI offers the advantages of reducing invasive diagnostic procedures, eliminating radiation hazards and avoiding the risks of contrast media. Only in the area of the structures adjacent to the diaphragm an improvement of the images by means of additional respiratory gating is desirable. Concerning tumors in the mediastinum, MRI supplies essential information for the planning of therapy. PMID- 6536988 TI - [Magnetic resonance in cases of brain tumor]. AB - MR patterns of brain tumours are presented. Tumour, edema, shifting of surrounding tissues, hemorrhages, neoplastic calcifications and contrast enhancement by means of para-magnetic media administered in some patients are analysed. PMID- 6536990 TI - [Infectious endocarditis]. PMID- 6536989 TI - [Virilizing congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency: early diagnosis and response to 2 treatment schedules]. PMID- 6536991 TI - [Interatrial defect type ostium secundum. Analysis and follow-up of 80 cases]. PMID- 6536992 TI - [Chronic cholestasis of infants (correlation between hepatic histology and the final diagnosis)]. PMID- 6536993 TI - [Serum concentrations of phenobarbital and the metabolism of calcium and phosphorus in children]. PMID- 6536994 TI - [Acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis: epidemiological report]. PMID- 6536995 TI - [Herpes virus: role in neonatal infection]. PMID- 6536996 TI - [Fusarium moniliforme fusariosis of maize in New Caledonia and related equine pathology: toxic leukoencephalomalacia]. PMID- 6536997 TI - [Trial treatment of bovine dermatophilosis in Madagascar by injections of spiramycin]. PMID- 6536998 TI - [Current epizootiologic situation of heartwater disease of small ruminants in the Niayes region of Senegal]. PMID- 6536999 TI - Application of countercurrent immuno-electro-osmo-phoresis to the serology of peste des petits ruminants. PMID- 6537000 TI - [Trial of anthelmintic treatment with fenbendazole in sheep of the Sahelian zone in Senegal]. PMID- 6537001 TI - Bovine fascioliasis in Nigeria. VI. Parasitological characteristics of field infections. PMID- 6537002 TI - Water deprivation effects on the hematological and hematochemical pictures of Camelus dromedarius. PMID- 6537003 TI - [Experimental ulcer induced by indomethacin in the dog. Morphofunctional changes during its course]. PMID- 6537004 TI - [Results of a control program on the use of antibiotics]. PMID- 6537005 TI - [Cancer of the gastric stump]. PMID- 6537006 TI - [Survival and clinical characteristics of Chagas' cardiopathy. Follow-up of 54 cases]. PMID- 6537007 TI - [Relation between the clinical picture and the anatomical distribution and severity of stenotic lesions in coronary arteriosclerosis]. PMID- 6537008 TI - [Treatment of cardiovascular emergencies. I: Arrhythmias]. PMID- 6537009 TI - [Massive aortic embolism caused by an atrial myxoma]. PMID- 6537010 TI - [Essential monoclonal cryoglobulinemia]. PMID- 6537011 TI - [The epidemiology of enteritis caused by Campylobacter in children]. PMID- 6537012 TI - [Antibodies labelled with isotopes for tumor detection]. PMID- 6537013 TI - [Performance of health systems in Greater Santiago 1983]. PMID- 6537014 TI - [The immunobiology of pulmonary granulomatosis]. PMID- 6537015 TI - [Extrinsic allergic alveolitis]. PMID- 6537016 TI - Autonomy and the doctor-patient relationship. PMID- 6537017 TI - Autonomy in the doctor-patient relation. PMID- 6537018 TI - Paternalism in the neonatal intensive care unit. PMID- 6537019 TI - Metaphors and models of doctor-patient relationships: their implications for autonomy. PMID- 6537020 TI - The range of autonomy: informed consent in medicine. PMID- 6537021 TI - Physician and patient: respect for mutuality. PMID- 6537022 TI - Patients' autonomy: three models of the professional-lay relationship in medicine. PMID- 6537023 TI - Medical ethics and the two dogmas of liberalism. PMID- 6537024 TI - Promoting patient autonomy: looking back. PMID- 6537025 TI - Autonomy and coercion in disease prevention and health promotion. PMID- 6537027 TI - Death and dying in medicine. PMID- 6537026 TI - Delineating paternalism in pediatric care. PMID- 6537028 TI - Death and dying in medicine: what questions are still worth asking? PMID- 6537029 TI - Presumed consent for organ retrieval. PMID- 6537030 TI - Conceptual issues in the definition of death: a guide for public policy. PMID- 6537031 TI - The comatose patient, the ontology of death, and the decision to stop treatment. PMID- 6537032 TI - Death. PMID- 6537033 TI - Cerebral death. PMID- 6537034 TI - [Is surgery of gastroduodenal ulcer still necessary?]. PMID- 6537035 TI - [Hepatitis serology and its interpretation]. PMID- 6537036 TI - [Strategy for clarification of liver disease]. PMID- 6537037 TI - Constitutional factors in alcoholic cirrhosis. AB - The different sensitivity of the male and the female liver is well established, but there is an obvious difference in male livers as well. One possible explanation for these differences might be the existence of genetic peculiarities among patients with alcoholic cirrhosis. In the early twentieth, Chvostek in Vienna was the first to draw attention to a constitutional element which he believed to be fundamental: Absent body hair, absent or extremely spare hair on the limbs, and pubic hair of the female type, i.e. with horizontal upper border (1) (Fig. 1). Chvostek laid special stress on the fact that these anomalies were of genetic origin and were not a secondary phenomenon do to alcoholism or cirrhosis. The feminine pattern of hair distribution, the so-called "Chvostek's habitus", is a frequently seen condition but the statistical proof of its association with alcoholic cirrhosis in man is still missing. The purpose of our study was to investigate if the feminine pattern of hair distribution in male patients with alcoholic cirrhosis is a genetic characteristic, this anomaly is more frequently encountered in the alcoholic type than in the post-hepatitis type of cirrhosis, the reported discrepancies of HLA frequencies are due to genetic differences. PMID- 6537038 TI - Study of renovascular hypertension in rats: I. The role of the contralateral, non clipped kidney in two-kidney, one-clip hypertension in rats. AB - We attempted to produce two-kidney one-clip renovascular hypertension in SD rats, using hemoclips 0.2mm in diameter. After 12 weeks, 10 of the 16 rats were hypertensive. At this point, one-kidney, one-clip models were prepared by contralateral nephrectomy in five of the 10 hypertensive rats and in all six normotensive rats. Postoperatively, these 11 rats developed hypertension. Four to 6 weeks later, the clip was removed from the renal artery in five two-kidney and 11 one-kidney hypertensive rats. After unclipping, all the rats became normotensive although the extent of the fall in blood pressure in the one-kidney model was significantly greater than in the two-kidney model. The roles of the contralateral non-clipped kidney in the evolution of two-kidney, one-clip Goldblatt hypertension appear to be dual; sometimes depressing elevated blood pressure and sometimes maintaining it. Thus, it is postulated that in the six initially normotensive rats, its action was predominantly antihypertensive, while in the other 10 hypertensive rats, the presence of a contralateral non-clipped kidney served to develop and maintain hypertension even after unclipping. PMID- 6537039 TI - QRS normalization of bundle branch block by ventricular fusion. AB - A 61-year-old woman who suffered from acute inferior myocardial infarction with right bundle branch block developed complete atrio-ventricular block. QRS normalization of right bundle branch block as a result of ventricular fusion of the conducted sinus beat with right bundle branch block and idioventricular impulse originating in the ipsilateral side of the block is described. PMID- 6537041 TI - Fecal bile acid excretion in patients with colon cancer, colon polyp and peptic ulcer. AB - Fecal bile acids were analyzed by gas chromatography in 10 patients with colon cancer, 25 patients with colon polyp and 10 patients with peptic ulcer. On admission total bile acid excretion in patients with colon cancer was significantly higher than in patients with peptic ulcer (P less than 0.01). Also, concentration of cholic acid, chenodeoxycholic acid and primary bile acids in patients with colon cancer were significantly higher than those in patients with peptic ulcer (P less than 0.05, P less than 0.025) and in patients with colon polyp (P less than 0.005). Primary bile acids in patients with colon cancer significantly decreased under ward conditions after admission (P less than 0.05). Total bile acids in patients with colon cancer decreased after admission though there was no significant difference. It is of considerable interest that the fecal bile acid composition of colon cancer patients was different from that of colon polyp and peptic ulcer patients. Fecal bile acids may be involved in the pathogenesis of colon cancer. PMID- 6537040 TI - [Comparative study of various heath indicators in Japan and Cuba]. AB - The medical systems in Cuba and Japan are described by using specific indicators and considering geographical, demographic and economical situations of the two countries. Objective data were tabulated to compare the present situation. An attempt was made to predict the future prospects of the medical system in both countries. The following difference between the two countries was noted. Japan is a highly industrialized country with a high standard of living and a mature economy that can tolerate unfavourable international economy. In recent years, the growth of the economy in Cuba has been made stable due to government planning at a rate of 5 percent in 1983. However, Cuba is still in the midst of industrialization and highly susceptible to the bad condition of the international economy. PMID- 6537042 TI - The effect of hypoxic radiosensitizer after mild hyperthermia in C3H mammary carcinoma. AB - The radiosensitizing effect of misonidazole after hyperthermia was investigated in C3H mammary carcinoma. The tumors transplanted into the flanks of the mice were heated in a 42.3 degrees C water bath for 30 min. When misonidazole was administrated before heating, the subsequent radiation effect was prominently enhanced, whereas post-heating administration of misonidazole did not enhance the radiation effect significantly. The effect of varying the time between heating and radiation with or without misonidazole was as follows. Without misonidazole, the radiation effect was decreased at 6 hours after heating but increased at 12 hours, then it returned to the initial level at 24 hours and remained until 96 hours after heating. With misonidazole administered 30 min before irradiation, the radiosensitizing effect was observed at 24, 48 and 96 hours after heating. However, the total effects of this procedure were almost the same as the results in the combination without heating. Changes in the hypoxic fraction after hyperthermia are also discussed. PMID- 6537043 TI - Effects of sphincterectomy on bile acid enterohepatic circulation in dogs. AB - Relative rates of bile enterohepatic circulation (EHC) and bile acid pool distribution were compared in intact and sphincterectomized dogs with portacaval shunt. There was no significant difference in the rates of EHC or in the bile acid pool distribution in the groups of animals. Feeding and cholecystokinin administration caused similar increases in bile acid EHC rates in sphincterectomized and intact animals. It was concluded that the sphincter of Oddi has little or no effect on these aspects of bile acid metabolism in dogs. PMID- 6537044 TI - Determination of 3 beta-hydroxy-5-cholen-24-oic acid and its sulfate in human serum by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. AB - The glycine conjugate of 3 beta-hydroxy-5-cholen-24-oic acid and its sulfate labeled with deuterium at the C-2, -4, and -23 positions were synthesized. A highly sensitive and specific quantitative assay of the bile acid has been developed by selected ion monitoring in gas chromatography-mass spectrometry of the methyl ester trimethylsilyl ether derivatives using the deuterium labeled conjugates as internal standards. Calibration curves for the bile acid and its sulfate exhibited a linear relationship over the range of 0.01-100 micrograms/ml in human serum. PMID- 6537045 TI - Variations in the levels of asterone and asterogenol, two steroids from the saponins of the starfish, Asterias vulgaris (Verrill). AB - The levels of two steroids, asterone 1 and asterogenol 4, obtained by hydrolysis of the crude asterosaponin mixture from the starfish Asterias vulgaris, were highest in winter and spring, then the steroid levels fell to their annual minima in July, after the spawning period. Levels also varied geographically, but the ratio of these steroids remained approximately constant. PMID- 6537046 TI - Inability of cholylglycine hydrolase to cleave the amide bond of tauronorcholic acid. AB - High pressure liquid chromatography, glass capillary gas chromatography and liquid secondary ion mass spectrometry have been used to demonstrate that the amide bond of the taurine conjugate of norcholic acid, a homolog of cholic acid which contains one less methylene group in the side chain, cannot be hydrolyzed enzymatically by cholylglycine hydrolase. Conventional alkaline hydrolysis cleaved the amide bond of both taurocholate and tauronorcholate, producing the free acids. Treatment with cholylglycine hydrolase yielded the free acid for taurocholate but failed to affect tauronorcholate, which was recovered quantitatively. PMID- 6537048 TI - Synthesis of some 6 beta-acetylthio hydroxysteroids. AB - The reactions of 3 beta-hydroxy-20-oxo-5-pregnene-16 alpha-carbonitrile, 3 beta hydroxy-5-androsten-17-one, 3 beta-hydroxy-5-pregnen-20-one, and 5-cholesten-3 beta-ol with thioacetic acid in dioxane afford mainly 6 beta-acetylthio derivatives which were characterized by IR, NMR (1H, 13C), and mass spectroscopy. A similar reaction of 17 beta-hydroxy-1,4-androstadien-3-one yields chiefly the known 1 alpha-SCOCH3 derivative. PMID- 6537047 TI - Potential tumor or organ-imaging agents, 24. Radioiodinated pregnenolone esters. AB - A series of radioiodinated pregnenolone esters was prepared in an effort to find an agent that would be rapidly and selectively taken up by adrenal cortical tissue. Achievement of such a goal would provide the basis for the development of an adrenal imaging agent having several advantages over those agents currently available for clinical use. The radioiodinated esters for this study were readily prepared by treating pregnenolone with the appropriate iodobenzoic acid in the presence of dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) and 4-dimethylamino-pyridine (DMAP). The resulting esters were readily labeled with radioiodine by isotope exchange with sodium iodide-125 in pivalic acid. Subsequent tissue distribution studies in rats revealed that those esters displaying the most stability towards hydrolysis achieved the highest concentration in adrenal cortical tissue. For example, the 2,3,5-triiodobenzoate (6) showed an adrenal uptake of 23% of administered dose per gram of tissue at 0.5 hours. The achievement of high levels of radioactivity in the adrenal with this agent at early time periods warrants further evaluation of this agent in other animals. PMID- 6537049 TI - Conformational analysis of 20-keto steroids. Single-crystal X-ray structure analysis of 16 alpha,17-epoxy-4-pregnene-3,20-dione. AB - The structure of 16 alpha,17-epoxy-4-pregnene-3,20-dione was determined. The 20 carbonyl group eclipses the C(13)-C(17) bond. No direct correlation between the observed structure and its progestational activity could be inferred from our investigation. PMID- 6537050 TI - Influence of molybdate, ionic strength and pH on ligand binding to the glucocorticoid receptor. AB - The addition of molybdate to rabbit liver cytosol increased significantly the affinity of the glucocorticoid receptor for [3H] dexamethasone without influencing the concentration of binding sites. This effect was concentration dependent. Analysis of the binding data by curve-fitting and Scatchard plot revealed the occurrence of a complex binding process in the presence of molybdate. The pH-dependence curve of the binding was shifted towards alkaline values by the oxyanion. Taken together, these data suggest that molybdate exerts its effects via an interaction with the receptor molecule. PMID- 6537051 TI - Phenolic 9,10-secosteroids as products of the catabolism of bile acids by a Pseudomonas sp. AB - The obligate aerobe, Pseudomonas putida ATCC 31752, efficiently utilises bile acids as a source of carbon and energy for growth and maintenance. When aeration is considerably restricted, a consequence to the catabolism of the bile acids in a fermentor is an accumulation of certain steroidal catabolites. Evidence is presented to show that among these are hydroxy-9,10-seco-1,3,5 (10) androstratriene-9, 17-diones and those from four of the common bile acids, cholic, chenodeoxycholic, hyodeoxycholic and deoxycholic acids have been isolated and their structures determined. The product of catabolism of hyodeoxycholic acid appears to exist in a hemi-acetal form which readily forms an acetal during isolation procedures. All but one of these are described for the first time. PMID- 6537052 TI - Milk progesterone radioimmunoassay using radioiodinated tracers: a rapid and reliable assay system. AB - Both the validity and practicability of a direct progesterone radioimmunoassay based on radioiodinated progesterone tracers were studied. The results obtained show the reliability of the assay; when compared with assays based on 3H progesterone tracers there are fewer steps for assay execution, saving time and reducing the number of reagents used. Various commercially available 125I progesterone tracers were assayed, and only those with an 11 alpha-hemisuccinate bridge were suitably bound by antisera raised against progesterone-bovine serum albumin conjugates having identical bridge structure. The bridge effect caused no observable alteration in validity parameters. Finally, our results support the utility of this assay as a practical method of early diagnosis of pregnancy and as a reliable experimental technique to monitor cow ovarian function. PMID- 6537053 TI - Extraction of a synthetic androgen from fish muscle and quantitation by high performance liquid chromatography. AB - A rapid, reproducible extraction procedure was developed to recover the synthetic androgen 17 alpha-methyltestosterone (MT) from fish muscle. A single extraction with chloroform-methanol (2:1 V/V), followed by elution from mini-columns with various methanol concentrations, yielded an extraction efficiency of greater than 70%. Resolution of MT from testosterone was complete and reliable quantitation was achieved utilizing reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography. Endogenous testosterone was not detectable in 1-g muscle samples, but MT was detected in fish muscle 6 h after adult Tilapia aurea were fed a diet containing the steroid. PMID- 6537054 TI - Synthesis of deuterium labeled 17-methyl-testosterone. AB - The synthesis of two forms of selectively deuterated 17-methyl-testosterone is described. 17-Methyl-d3-testosterone was prepared by the Grignard reaction of dehydroepiandrosterone with deuterium labeled methyl magnesium iodide followed by an Oppenauer oxidation. 17-Methyl-d3-testosterone-19,19,19-d3 was prepared by treating 3,3-ethylenedioxy-5,10-epoxy-5 alpha, 10 alpha-estran-17-one with deuterium labeled methyl magnesium bromide followed by hydrolysis and dehydration of the 5 alpha-hydroxyandrostane derivative. PMID- 6537055 TI - Papers and discussions from the conference: Recent advances in urology. Ankara, Turkey, 16-21 September 1984. PMID- 6537056 TI - Transurethral resection in prostatic cancer. PMID- 6537058 TI - The investigation of male infertility. PMID- 6537057 TI - Mineralogical and chemical investigations of urolithiasis. PMID- 6537059 TI - Surgery in infertility. PMID- 6537060 TI - Left spermatic vein ligation in infertile patients without varicocele. PMID- 6537061 TI - Urethrotomy British practice 1984. PMID- 6537062 TI - Internal urethrotomy under direct vision. PMID- 6537064 TI - The treatment of urethral strictures. PMID- 6537063 TI - Surgical treatment of urethral strictures. PMID- 6537066 TI - Surgical treatment of vesicoureteric reflux. PMID- 6537065 TI - 15 years of experience in the surgical treatment of vesicoureteral reflux in children. PMID- 6537067 TI - Vesicoureteric reflux--a modern approach. PMID- 6537068 TI - Micturition disorders in children: methods of evaluation and results of treatment. PMID- 6537069 TI - The investigation and management of the megaureter. PMID- 6537070 TI - Double-tube operation in hypospadias repair. PMID- 6537071 TI - Hypospadias. PMID- 6537072 TI - Urethral duplications and anterior urethral valves. PMID- 6537073 TI - Renal stones: screening tests. PMID- 6537074 TI - Lymph node dissection, renal artery embolization and other aspects of the management of renal carcinoma. PMID- 6537075 TI - Conservative and radical treatment for tumors of the kidney. PMID- 6537076 TI - Random biopsies and recurrence rates in bladder tumors. PMID- 6537077 TI - Mucosal biopsies from patients with transitional cell cancer of the bladder. PMID- 6537078 TI - Bladder cancer: treatment of carcinoma in situ. PMID- 6537079 TI - Prostatic cancer: the case for surveillance. PMID- 6537080 TI - Prostatic cancer: endocrine treatment. PMID- 6537081 TI - Review of the treatment of testicular cancer. PMID- 6537082 TI - The management of seminoma in Edinburgh. PMID- 6537083 TI - Sperm banking in Edinburgh. PMID- 6537084 TI - Risk factors for urinary stone formation. PMID- 6537085 TI - Pediatric urolithiasis. PMID- 6537086 TI - A study on the prevalence of urolithiasis among Turkish medical doctors. PMID- 6537087 TI - Stones in children. PMID- 6537088 TI - Percutaneous and extracorporeal management of renal calculi. PMID- 6537089 TI - Use of a portable dental X-ray unit in the surgical removal of renal calculi. PMID- 6537090 TI - Dorsal incision for kidney surgery. PMID- 6537091 TI - Obstruction in children. PMID- 6537092 TI - Urological problems following spinal cord injury. PMID- 6537093 TI - Pulmonary blastoma: an ultrastructural and histochemical study. AB - We present a unique case of pulmonary blastoma and describe its histology and ultrastructure. The stromal component exhibited bizarre multinucleated giant cells containing previously undescribed granules. These membrane-limited granules were eosinophilic, periodic acid-Schiff positive, diastase resistant, acid phosphatase and nonspecific esterase negative, immunohistologically negative for lysozyme, albumin, and gamma globulin, and often homogeneously electron dense. A similar electron-dense material accumulated in the rough endoplasmic reticulum of these stromal giant cells, suggesting that the material in the granules is synthetic. The material appeared to be a glycoprotein but was not alpha1 antitrypsin, alpha-fetoprotein, or human chorionic gonadotropin by immunohistologic techniques. These stromal cell granules differ from granules described in epithelial cells of other pulmonary blastomas but resemble granules found in some sarcomas. PMID- 6537094 TI - The probable origin of an anemone cell tumor: metastatic transitional cell carcinoma producing HCG. AB - A neoplasm of unknown origin in cervical and axillary lymph nodes was diagnosed as anemone cell tumor by ultrastructural examination. Three years after the initial diagnosis of anemone cell tumor, a high-grade transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder was discovered. The results of immunoperoxidase staining of the cervical lymph node, axillary lymph node, and bladder tumors for keratin, carcinoembryonic antigen, and human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) strongly suggest that the anemone cell tumors in this case represent metastases of bladder carcinoma cells capable of producing HCG. PMID- 6537095 TI - Lysosomal gold accumulations in pulmonary macrophages. AB - Although soluble gold has been widely used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, little is known about the distribution of gold deposits in extra articular tissues. In the synovial lining cells and articular cartilage, the morphology of lysosomes containing gold, the aurosomes, is well documented. Because gold may cause pulmonary injury, the morphology and distribution of gold deposits in pulmonary tissue should be recognized. We found morphologically typical aurosomes with electron-dense membranes and granules, giving the spectrum of gold in electron microprobe analysis, in the interstitial and alveolar macrophages in the open lung biopsies of 3 patients who had received gold treatment but not in 12 patients who had not received gold treatment. In contrast to previous studies, aurosomes were not found in the endothelial cells. PMID- 6537096 TI - Fine structural studies on cultured human glial and glioma cells: techniques and applications. AB - Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning TEM, and scanning electron microscopy in combination with special culture techniques and ordinary cell biologic methods were used to study several problems in cellular pathology and tumor biology. The human glial and glioma cell system is also discussed. The cell system and ultrastructural techniques described may be used in many other areas of study and may be relevant in future investigations of cell pathology. PMID- 6537098 TI - Examination of sputum for viral particles. PMID- 6537097 TI - Tumorlike proliferation of "granular histiocytes" in a lymph node. PMID- 6537099 TI - International nonproprietary names for pharmaceutical substances. PMID- 6537100 TI - Family planning in the service of human development. PMID- 6537101 TI - Drinking-water and sanitation projects: criteria for resource allocation. PMID- 6537102 TI - women in health and development: the view from the Americas. PMID- 6537103 TI - [Delayed hypersensitivity in experimental toxoplasmosis in rats]. PMID- 6537104 TI - [Effect of various external factors on encystment and excystment of Balantidium coli (M)]. PMID- 6537105 TI - [Parasitic Nematoda of the robin--Erithacus rubecula L. (Turdidae) from the region of Wroclaw]. PMID- 6537106 TI - [Data on the distribution of ticks of the genus Argas (Acarina: Ixodides: Argasidae) in Poland]. PMID- 6537107 TI - [Parasitic arthropods of Neomys fodiens (Penn.) and Neomys anomalus Cabr. (Mammalia, Insectivora) in Poland]. PMID- 6537108 TI - [Hematologic and biochemical indicators in young cattle with pediculosis]. PMID- 6537109 TI - [Oxfendazole in the treatment of helminthiasis in cattle and sheep]. PMID- 6537110 TI - [Evaluation of quantitative coproscopic methods in fascioliasis and Paramphistomatidae infection]. PMID- 6537111 TI - [Omeprazole, the drug of the future for the treatment of Zollinger-Ellison syndrome and duodenal ulcer?]. PMID- 6537112 TI - [Long-term therapeutic attitude in duodenal ulcer]. PMID- 6537113 TI - [The surgical treatment of uncomplicated gastroduodenal ulcer]. PMID- 6537114 TI - [Supraselective vagotomy for the treatment of perforated pyloroduodenal ulcers]. PMID- 6537115 TI - [Primary sclerosing cholangitis]. AB - The Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis, is a rare disease and the aetiology is unknown. This disease is characterized by an intense inflammation and usually fibrosis of the intra and extrahepatic portion of the biliary tree. PMID- 6537116 TI - [Determination of hepatic blood flow in chronic liver diseases using the constant infusion technic]. AB - Hepatic blood flow was measured in 10 cirrhotic patients by a constant infusion of Indocyanine Green (ICG) and details of the technique are analysed. A decrease in total hepatic blood flow (0.777 +/- 0.38 l/min.) was found in most of the patients. Different variations in hepatic blood flow were observed in three patients after the administration of Cimetidine (300 mg IV). The response in hepatic blood flow in another patient in whom a peritoneo-jugular valve (Le Veen shunt) was inserted in analysed. PMID- 6537117 TI - [The schoolchild with celiac disease]. AB - These papers present the clinic characteristics of a group of 29 coeliac children in scholarly age comprehended between 4 and 14, 10/12 years of age. These children, 19 boys and 10 girls, have been diagnosed by means of studies of absorption and biopsy of jejunum as an essential element of diagnosis. We signal the reasons that impulsed parents to make consultations and also the clinical observations made. Of these we specially mention the existence of signs of vitamin-deficiency in the skin and mucous membrane in 58.6% of the children and delay ingrowing in weight and stature in 89.6%. Laboratory produced 89.3% of positiveness in the proof of Van de Kamer and 76.5% in the proof of D-Xilosa. The determination of abdominal perimeter being standing and lying had a range of 1.5 cm to 7 cm with an average of 4 cm. A control group of 33 eutrophic pupils (of similar ages) 15 boys and 18 girls was analyzed for these papers. In theses children the abdominal perimeter was determined being standing and lying. This determination produced an average of 1.51 cm of difference and never passed 3 cm. In our conclusions we state the necessity of studying those children who occupy the first places in scholar ranks, specially if their parents are tall or the stature of their brothers as compared shows an unreasonable difference. A graphic of weight and stature was made of coeliac children at the moment of the first biopsy and the evolution of growth of 3 boys and 3 girls in different ages who were coeliac under treatment. PMID- 6537118 TI - [Effect of calf spleen extract on undifferentiated hematopoietic stem cells in bone marrow]. PMID- 6537119 TI - [Protective effect of calf spleen extract on undifferentiated bone marrow hematopoietic stem cells subjected to high doses of vincristine]. PMID- 6537120 TI - [Changes in peripheral blood monocyte number in patients with multiple myeloma treated with melphalan]. PMID- 6537121 TI - [Characteristics of cathepsin D isolated from porcine blood platelets]. PMID- 6537122 TI - [Effect of subacute Propotox M poisoning on acid phosphatase of rat lymphocytes]. PMID- 6537123 TI - [Bone changes in Hodgkin's disease]. PMID- 6537124 TI - [Presence of covalently bound fatty acids in lipid-free human erythrocyte membrane proteins]. PMID- 6537125 TI - [A case of hairy cell leukemia]. PMID- 6537127 TI - Long-latency stretch reflex induced by tendon jerk in human triceps brachii muscle. AB - The electrical activity of the human triceps brachii muscle was recorded with surface electrodes in 14 healthy volunteers. Three experimental conditions were used to analyze muscle responses produced by tendon tap with an electromechanical hammer: 1) the muscle was at rest, 2) the subjects maintained an isometric tension for constant background EMG activity and 3) the subjects were asked to extend their arm in response to an acoustic signal occurring simultaneously with the tap. The analyses were performed with a computer. The monosynaptic tendon reflex had a mean latency of 12,5 ms. Later responses were observed with a mean latency of 62.8 ms. The later response observed in the extension experiments showed a synchronous EMG activity in comparison to the voluntary activity. It seems likely that proprioceptive impulses are of major importance in producing also the late responses since the method used minimalized cutaneous and joint afferent inputs. PMID- 6537126 TI - Metabolic adaptation of muscles to exercise, vibration and raised temperature under the influence of cernitins. AB - Wistar rats were used to study the effects of cernitins, i.e. aqueous and oil extracts of pollens, on the metabolic adaptation of the soleus muscle to exercise, vibration and raised ambient temperature. The animals were exposed to selected combinations of these factors for 5 days during 1.5 hour daily. A part of the animals was given orally cernitins in daily doses of 6 mg/kg of body weight for 10 days before the exposure. Among the adaptation changes studied in the soleus muscle, 24 hours after the last exposure, cernitins caused: a reduction of the amount of total protein, an increase in the proportion of soluble proteins in the protein fraction, an increase in the tissue oxygen consumption, an increase of already elevated pyruvate kinase activity, a further rise in ATP level, an increase in lactic dehydrogenase activity, a rise in the activity of cholinesterases. Moreover, it increased significantly the body weight and the weight of the studied soleus muscle. Cernitins, in combination with certain types of exposure used in this experiment, exerted a catabolic action, increased the rate of anaerobic metabolism and enhanced adaptation to exercise, vibration and temperature. The direction of the adaptation changes depended on the type of exposure to environmental factors. PMID- 6537128 TI - Maximal oxygen consumption and certain physiological and somatic features of students from the Bialystok Medical Academy. AB - In 305 male students from the Medical Academy in Bialystok with a mean age of 20.7 +/- 1.3 years the findings included: maximal oxygen consumption 2.95 +/- 0.42 1/min and 42.57 +/- 6.28 ml/kg/min, vital capacity 5400 +/- 600 ml, resting heart rate 76 +/- 7/min, height 177 +/- 6 cm, body mass 69.8 +/- 7.3 kg, muscle power of right hand flexors 53 +/- 6 kG, muscle power of left hand flexors 49 +/- 6 kG. In relation to students born and raised in towns those from rural areas were shorter but had greater maximal oxygen consumption. Those participating actively in sports had greater maximal oxygen consumption in 1/min, lower resting heart rate, greater strength of right hand flexors, were taller and had greater body mass than students avoiding sports. PMID- 6537129 TI - The composition of fatty acids of the serum and erythrocytes after an alimentary cholesterol load. AB - The content of certain fatty acids of the serum and erythrocytes was compared in rabbits before and after 11 days on a diet with added cholesterol. The alimentary cholesterol load reduced the levels of linolic and arachidonic acids in the serum, while in the erythrocytes the level of linolic acid was increased. Changes in the levels of the remaining determined fatty acids were not significant statistically. PMID- 6537130 TI - Metabolism of hydralazine by rat hepatocytes. AB - The metabolism of hydralazine and its pyruvic acid hydrazone was studied in a medium containing isolated adult rat hepatocytes. Hydralazine undergoes conversion to 3-methyltriazolophthalazine, while hydralazine pyruvic acid hydrazone is not metabolized in rat hepatocytes. PMID- 6537131 TI - [Interstitial radiotherapy of prostatic carcinoma using I-125]. PMID- 6537132 TI - [Prognostic factors in superficial urothelial bladder tumors treated with different therapeutic modalities]. PMID- 6537133 TI - [Transurethral ureter-renoscopy. Past, present and future]. PMID- 6537134 TI - [Surgical treatment of organic impotence caused by venous drainage]. PMID- 6537135 TI - The effect of certain drugs on glycogen and acetylcholine levels in cerebral and peripheral tissues in rats with malathion induced hyperglycaemia. PMID- 6537136 TI - [Relation between finger pallor, the cold test and digital plethysmography in woodcutters who work with various types of power saws]. PMID- 6537137 TI - Blood groups in alcoholics. PMID- 6537138 TI - [Criteria for the diagnosis of asbestosis]. PMID- 6537139 TI - [Functional capability of the cardiovascular system in alcoholics]. PMID- 6537140 TI - [Mitral valve prolapse. Still a diagnostic challenge?]. PMID- 6537141 TI - [Echocardiographic study of left atrial dynamics in normal subjects, under conditions of rest and isometric exercise]. PMID- 6537142 TI - [Chronic aortic insufficiency. Clinical, hemodynamic and left ventricular function study]. PMID- 6537143 TI - [Effect of spilanthol (extracted from jambu) on the electrical activity of the rabbit heart. The experimental electrocardiogram]. PMID- 6537145 TI - [Coronary spasm during the exercise test. Report of a case]. PMID- 6537144 TI - [Complete transposition of the great arteries. Study of 107 cases]. PMID- 6537146 TI - [Immersion reflex. A new alternative in the initial treatment of paroxysmal atrial tachycardia in infants. Report of a case]. PMID- 6537147 TI - [Complex congenital cardiopathy: difficulty for classification. Report of a case]. PMID- 6537148 TI - [Transposition of the great arteries. Echocardiographical evaluation]. PMID- 6537150 TI - [The 19th Conference of the Japanese Medical Society of Alcohol Studies. Proceedings. Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, September 20-22, 1984. Abstracts]. PMID- 6537149 TI - [Management of acute renal insufficiency in the postoperative period after cardiac surgery]. PMID- 6537151 TI - The 1976-1977 rubella epidemic in Fukuoka city in southern Japan: epidemiology and incidences of complications among 80,000 persons who were school children at 28 primary schools and their family members. AB - From 1975 to 1977, a nationwide rubella epidemic occurred in Japan. This epidemic provided the last chance for the observation of natural rubella and its epidemiology without the influence of mass-vaccination for rubella and before changes in the epidemic pattern of rubella in the 1980's in Japan. Epidemiological and clinical data were obtained by questionnaires on school children in 28 selected primary schools and their family members (a total of 80,221 persons) in Fukuoka in southern Japan during the 1976-1977 rubella epidemic. At the end of 1975 the rubella epidemic was mainly in the western part of Fukuoka city and then it spread to the eastern part. After a break during the summer of 1976, the epidemic restarted in 1977 mainly in the eastern part with few cases in the western part. Rubella was identified clinically in 14,322 cases (18%) during the 1976 epidemic, the incidences in various age groups being as follows: children of below 6 years of age, 28%; primary school children, 37%; junior and senior high school students, 30%; adults of 18 to 30 years of age, 8%; adults of over 30 years of age, 1%. The incidence in primary school children in 1977 was 18%. Of the 14,322 cases of clinical rubella in 1976, 3 with encephalitis, 9 with purpura and 1,843 with joint complaints (pain and/or swelling of joints) were recorded. Rubella encephalitis was estimated to have occurred in 1 in 4,700 cases with clinical rubella, and purpura in 1 in 1,500 cases.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6537152 TI - [8th Hematology-Transfusion Seminar. Abstracts. Skopje, 1984]. PMID- 6537154 TI - [New method of long-term catheterization of the left atrium during open-heart surgery in young children]. PMID- 6537153 TI - Atypical vaginal adenosis and cervical ectropion. Association with clear cell adenocarcinoma in diethylstilbestrol-exposed offspring. AB - Knowledge of the evolution of clear cell adenocarcinomas of the vagina and cervix in diethylstilbestrol-exposed progeny has remained elusive despite the known topographical association of these tumors with the tuboendometrial form of vaginal adenosis and cervical ectropion. Twenty radical hysterectomy or radical hysterectomy and vaginectomy specimens of clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina or cervix were serially blocked in toto; tuboendometrial epithelium was found in the vagina in 19 (95%) of the cases, usually in greatest concentration at the margin of the tumor, particularly inferiorly. Foci of atypical tuboendometrial epithelium were identified in 16 (80%) of the cases, almost always immediately adjacent to the tumor. Twenty-five of a second group of 47 specimens in which only substantial portions of the vagina or cervix adjacent to a clear cell adenocarcinoma were available for examination also had foci of atypical tuboendometrial epithelium. The frequency with which atypical tuboendometrial glands in the vagina and cervix were associated with the carcinomas and the proximity of the former to the latter provide strong evidence that atypical vaginal adenosis and atypical cervical ectropion of the tuboendometrial type are precursors of clear cell adenocarcinoma. PMID- 6537155 TI - Congenital constriction band syndrome. AB - Eighty-three patients with congenital constriction band syndrome were reviewed. Clinical manifestations and associated anomalies were analyzed with attention directed to distribution of the involvement. Constriction bands, amputation, and acrosyndactyly were the main clinical manifestations of this syndrome. Involvement of the distal portions of the extremity was most common. In the hand, the central digits were involved most frequently, and the thumb was only minimally affected in most cases. Of the 19 cases with an associated clubfoot deformity, 10 were proven to be a paralytic clubfoot due to compression neuropathy of the peroneal nerve caused by a deep constriction band below the knee, whereas 9 had a normal peripheral nerve. PMID- 6537156 TI - [Social-hygienic aspects of adolescents' professional orientation]. PMID- 6537157 TI - [Effects of hypoxic and cool environment on the pulmonary diffusing capacity for CO]. PMID- 6537158 TI - [Effect of ambient temperature on the relationship between increase in rectal temperature and body build during submaximal work]. PMID- 6537159 TI - [Evaluation of the ability to sustain a prolonged standing posture]. PMID- 6537160 TI - [The effects of exercise and environmental conditions on prediction equations of maximal oxygen intake]. PMID- 6537161 TI - [A conventional technique for observation of sleep-wakefulness in cats]. PMID- 6537162 TI - Correlation between eyelid microvibration and the electroencephalogram at various sleep stages in man. PMID- 6537163 TI - [Effect of physical training on cholesterol metabolism--feeding on high fat diet]. PMID- 6537164 TI - [Effects of weight reduction on protein metabolism in sports with a weight classification system--a study on college boxers]. PMID- 6537165 TI - Relationship between thyroid hormone and body fat in young Japanese. PMID- 6537166 TI - Growing changes in the body composition of young people in Kyushu. PMID- 6537167 TI - Relationship of body density, body fat and lean body mass to physique assessed in terms of principal components. PMID- 6537168 TI - The accuracy of estimation of the body density in obese men. PMID- 6537169 TI - Relationship between body composition of school children and their growth. PMID- 6537170 TI - The morphological factors affecting pulmonary diffusing capacity under various conditions of ambient temperature and energy expenditure. PMID- 6537171 TI - Differences in body composition of athletes and non-athletes. PMID- 6537172 TI - Aging, total body water and fat mass in Japanese males between ages 9 and 77 years. PMID- 6537174 TI - Effects of body composition and body dimension on body temperature regulation during exercise in hot and cool environments. PMID- 6537173 TI - Seasonal variation of body composition in women. PMID- 6537175 TI - Body composition and physiological responses to cold. PMID- 6537176 TI - An introductory theory on adaptation physiology. PMID- 6537177 TI - Mechanism of mechanical vibrations in living body and its application to various fields. PMID- 6537179 TI - [Measurement of adipose tissue in local body trunk by computed tomography (CT)]. PMID- 6537178 TI - Quick response of fat tissue to treatment of thyroid disorders and to dieting in obesity. PMID- 6537180 TI - Comparison of cardiorespiratory responses between treadmill exercise and outdoor exercises. PMID- 6537181 TI - [Respiratory heat loss under hyperbaric helium-oxygen environment (101 bar)]. PMID- 6537182 TI - [A study on the skin temperature distribution of males and females under different thermal conditions]. PMID- 6537184 TI - [An estimation method of parameters of O2-kinetics during recovery]. PMID- 6537183 TI - [The regional differences of warmth and thermal comfort sensation]. PMID- 6537185 TI - [Individual differences in circadian response to a schedule with a 12-hour time shift--a laboratory study of oral temperature, and adrenaline and 17-OHCS excretion]. PMID- 6537186 TI - Evaluation of errors in expiratory flow method of breath-by-breath gas exchange measurement. PMID- 6537187 TI - Stereotyped pattern of lower limb movement during level and grade walking on treadmill. PMID- 6537188 TI - Relationship of blood pressure to multiple personal characteristics of workers in a factory. PMID- 6537190 TI - [Is the traffic accident, really an artificial disaster? Accidents of the aged]. PMID- 6537189 TI - [The learning effects of a visual target-aiming performance and the displacement of the body's center of gravity]. PMID- 6537191 TI - [Is the traffic accident a man-made disaster? A traffic accident of the human being]. PMID- 6537192 TI - [Clothing and culture today]. PMID- 6537193 TI - [Man and clothing in present-day life--from the stand-point of clothing hygiene]. PMID- 6537194 TI - [Development of new textile materials in industry]. PMID- 6537195 TI - [Physical strength in industrialized society--from the viewpoint of physical activity science]. PMID- 6537196 TI - [Total fitness for the workers in highly industrialized countries from the standpoint of occupational medicine]. PMID- 6537197 TI - [Health fitness program at Osaka Gas]. PMID- 6537198 TI - [Research on the physical fitness, a viewpoint of minor enterprises]. PMID- 6537199 TI - [The past, present and future of environmental adaptation-- biological aspects]. PMID- 6537200 TI - Alterations of human adaptation to environment. PMID- 6537202 TI - [Human-OA interaction]. PMID- 6537203 TI - [Some problems of health and work load with office mechanization]. PMID- 6537201 TI - [The past, present and future of environmental adaptation, a viewpoint from clinical medicine]. PMID- 6537204 TI - [Office automation work and health care]. PMID- 6537206 TI - The laryngeal mask airway--a possible new solution to airway problems in the emergency situation. PMID- 6537205 TI - Prognostic factors for the elderly with proximal femoral fracture. AB - A prospective study of 125 elderly patients (over 65 years) with proximal femoral fracture was carried out to compare pre-fracture sociomedical factors with the local and general complications following surgical treatment, in predicting mortality and length of stay. A poor pre-fracture mental state was more important than associated physical illness in predicting mortality. Pre-fracture mobility state was the most useful early prognostic predictor of length of hospitalization. Post-operative general complications were the most significant in predicting mortality and length of hospitalization, and more important than failure of operative technique. PMID- 6537207 TI - Abandon gastric lavage in the accident and emergency department? PMID- 6537208 TI - [Anatomopathological study of the liver in horses with fascioliasis]. PMID- 6537209 TI - [The problem of human and animal trichinosis in Latin America]. PMID- 6537210 TI - The peopling of the Americans as viewed from South America. AB - Examination of data from Brazilian prehistoric remains, anthropometric variation and genetic polymorphisms of Brazilian or South American Indians in general do not furnish clues about the routes travelled by the first colonizers within the continent. Although the main contribution for the Amerindian gene pool should have originated in Siberia, the genetic data do not contradict the possibility of other, minor sources from the Pacific (Proto-Polynesians ?). PMID- 6537211 TI - Origins and affinities of Japanese viewed from cranial measurements. AB - The origins and affinities of Japanese were analysed by means of cluster analysis using nine cranial measurements which were statistically selected as those representing a large proportion of the variance. As a result, the following hypotheses are proposed: Japanese are basically descendants of Jomon people, a fairly large amount of admixture between migrants from the Korean Peninsula and Jomon people took place during the Yayoi and protohistoric ages, particularly in western Japan, the migrants were close to north Asians in cranial morphology, Ainu and Ryukyus (Okinawan people) seem to be direct descendants of Jomon people without any or with very little influence of the migrants and geographical variations in modern Japanese quite likely are the result of differences in the magnitude of admixture. PMID- 6537212 TI - Blood alcohol levels as a function of menstrual cycle phase in female macaque monkeys. AB - Female Macaque monkey were given a low (1.5 g/kg), moderate (2.5 g/kg) and high (3.5 g/kg) dose of alcohol via nasogastric intubation. Integrated plasma samples for blood alcohol analysis were collected at 30 minute intervals over 210 minutes. Peak blood alcohol levels measured at the premenstruum, menstruation, the periovulatory and mid-luteal phase of the menstrual cycle did not differ significantly after a standard dose of alcohol. Average peak blood alcohol levels, independent of menstrual cycle phase after low, moderate and high doses of alcohol were 139, 238 and 335 mg/dl. Menstrual cycle phase was verified by calendar and radioimmunoassay of levels of luteinizing hormone and 17-beta estradiol. We conclude that in alcohol-naive female Macaque monkeys studied under controlled conditions, peak blood alcohol levels after a standard dose of alcohol do not vary as a function of phase of the menstrual cycle. PMID- 6537213 TI - Affective/motivational factors in the recall of prose passages by alcoholic Korsakoff patients. AB - The present study assessed the role of motivational/affective factors in the recall of short stories by alcoholic Korsakoff patients. On both immediate and delayed recall, the Korsakoff patients remembered proportionately more of stories with a sexual theme than of passages which were neutral or aggressive in content. In contrast to the Korsakoff patients, the emotional theme of the story had no effect upon the recall performance of alcoholic (non-Korsakoff) and normal control subjects. While the two control groups evidenced no forgetting of textual material between immediate and delayed recall, the alcoholic Korsakoff patients showed a rapid and equivalent rate of forgetting of all three story types. These findings suggest that while motivational/affective factors may influence the alcoholic Korsakoff patients' selective attention and immediate recall, they have little or no influence upon the patients' inability to retain verbal information. The importance of this conclusion for encoding theories of amnesia is discussed. PMID- 6537214 TI - Application of metabolic profiling to study the effects of ethanol on metabolism in rats. AB - Rat urine was analyzed by both gas chromatography and a combination of gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy in an attempt to apply the technique of metabolic profiling to determine if ethanol consumption produced an alteration in acid excretion products. Rats were fed a liquid diet for seven days then fed ethanol in the same diet. The 24 hr urine for the last day of control and the first day of ethanol differed greatly with respect to four compounds. These were an increase in threonic, glucuronic and an undetermined acid and a decrease in pyroglutamic acid. The biological basis for the alterations was not investigated. Glucuronic acid forms conjugates with many compounds. Possibly an acute dose of ethanol may alter the removal of some compounds from the liver. PMID- 6537215 TI - Basis of aldehyde dehydrogenase deficiency in Orientals: immunochemical studies. AB - While most Caucasians have two main isozymes of liver aldehyde dehydrogenase, in about 50% of Orientals the ALDH I isozyme is missing. This isozyme, which has a faster electrophoretic mobility, is predominantly present in mitochondria and has a relatively low Km for acetaldehyde. The inherent deficiency of ALDH I is responsible for the impaired acetaldehyde oxidation leading to facial flushing and other cardiovascular symptoms of alcohol sensitivity commonly observed in Japanese and Chinese. Antibodies raised against apparently homogeneous liver ALDH I and ALDH II isozymes did not show an immunological similarity between the two isozymes which do not share common subunits. While erythrocyte ALDH II is also immunologically distinct from hepatic ALDH I, it showed an immunological similarity with hepatic ALDH II. On isoelectric focusing in agarose gel followed by immunoelectrophoresis, at least 4 components with an anti-ALDH I antibody were detected in extracts from Caucasian and Oriental livers. In Japanese livers deficient in ALDH I activity, the prominent ALDH component was missing. Apparently, more than one gene is responsible for the synthesis of ALDH isozymes reacting with an antibody against ALDH I. A deletion in one of the genes may be responsible for the loss of ALDH I enzyme activity and altered antigenic properties. However, at this stage, a point mutation in a structural gene coding for ALDH I resulting in a defective protein with altered electrophoretic and enzymatic properties is not ruled out. PMID- 6537216 TI - Ethanol-induced increase in NADH-dependent monooxygenase activities of hepatic microsomal cytochrome P-450. AB - NADH-dependent hepatic microsomal monooxygenase activities were measured in the presence and absence of NADPH in material from adult male rats given ethanol in a liquid diet. Controls were given a liquid control diet (control group; lipid as substitute for ethanol) or rat chow (untreated group). Ethanol feeding elevated microsomal aniline hydroxylase activity and did not change ethylmorphine N demethylase activity. NADH supported 21-24% of the NADPH-driven aniline hydroxylase activity in ethanol, control and untreated microsomes, but only about 6% of ethylmorphine N-demethylase activity. In the presence of NADPH, NADH gave 13-14% increase in aniline hydroxylase activity in microsomes from control and untreated rats, but only 3% in ethanol microsomes. In contrast, the presence of NADPH increased many times the effect of NADH on ethylmorphine N-demethylation with no striking difference between the groups. In another series of experiments, demethylation of 4-nitroanisole was elevated after ethanol feeding (4-fold with NADPH; 5-fold with NADH) and phenobarbital treatment (8-fold with NADPH, 2-fold with NADH). In the ethanol-induced activity, NADH and NADPH were less than additive. In the control and untreated and the phenobarbital-induced activities, NADH and NADPH were additive or possibly synergistic in driving the activity. Both ethanol and phenobarbital elevated cytochrome P-450; ethanol also elevated cytochrome b5 measured as NADH-reducible cytochrome.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6537218 TI - Tenth North Carolina Alcoholism Researchers' Forum. Abstracts. PMID- 6537217 TI - Modulating effects of biogenic amines on calcium and ethanol-induced sleeping time. AB - The present study was carried out in order to clarify the mechanism of calcium prolongation of ethanol-induced sleep. p-Chlorophenylalanine (PCPA, 300 mg/kg), alpha-methyltyrosine (alpha MPT, 100 mg/kg) and diethyldithiocarbamate (DDC, 250 mg/kg) were administered intraperitoneally (IP) to mice to reduce the levels of serotonin (5-HT), dopamine (DA) and norepinephrine (NE) respectively in the brain. Sleeping time was then measured following the administration of ethanol (4.5 g/kg, IP) both with and without CaCl2 (20 mumol/kg, intravenous (IV)). When saline (IP) plus CaCl2 (IV) was administered, the duration of ethanol-induced sleep was prolonged by 100% as compared with saline (IP) plus saline (IV). Duration of ethanol-induced sleep was not changed by PCPA, alpha MPT and DDC. On the other hand, the prolongation of ethanol-induced sleep by CaCl2 was antagonized by PCPA, alpha MPT and DDC. Also, only the DA level in the cerebrum was increased by 25% by administration of CaCl2. We suggest that the increase in ethanol-induced sleeping time due to CaCl2 results from the increase in biogenic amines in the brain. PMID- 6537219 TI - Hypothermia as an index of the disulfiram-ethanol reaction in the rat. AB - Decreased core temperature in female rats was investigated as one possible index of the disulfiram-ethanol reaction (DER). Core temperature was decreased in rats in a dose-dependent manner when ethanol was administered to rats treated with disulfiram 8 hours before the ethanol challenge. The decrease in temperature began within 20 minutes after ethanol administration, reaching a maximal decrease between 60 and 120 minutes post ethanol. The core temperature returned to normal 300 minutes after ethanol. The blood pressure (carotid cannulation) decreased along with the core temperature. Maximal hypotension was found 120 minutes post ethanol, and returned to normal 300 minutes after ethanol. Heart rate increased initially and returned to normal 40 minutes after ethanol challenge. PMID- 6537220 TI - Effects of ethanol on Purkinje cells recorded from cerebellar slices. AB - The effects of ethanol on rat cerebellar Purkinje cells were studied using brain slice preparations. The spontaneous activity of Purkinje cells exhibited either steady or cyclic firing patterns. The steady units were generally inhibited by ethanol, but some units were excited by low doses. The cycling units showed a dose-related decrease in firing rate and the duration of cyclic firing. The data indicate that ethanol in concentrations which produce behavioral effects is primarily inhibitory to cerebellar Purkinje cells. PMID- 6537221 TI - Human brain: aldehyde dehydrogenase activity and isozyme distribution in different areas. AB - Three human post-mortem brains were dissected into seventeen areas and assayed for aldehyde dehydrogenase (EC 1.2.1.3) activity employing two assay systems: one at 68 microM and another at 13.6 mM propionaldehyde. The levels of activity with 68 microM propionaldehyde were significantly higher in cerebellum and putamen. The same brain areas were also examined by isoelectric focusing. By this procedure two distinct bands of aldehyde dehydrogenase activity (the cytoplasmic E1 and mitochondrial E2) could be readily visualized in cerebellum and putamen while other brain areas contained mainly the mitochondrial E2 isozyme. PMID- 6537222 TI - Comparison of adrenergic receptor binding in blood cells from alcoholics and controls. AB - Ethanol inhibited in vitro alpha-2 adrenergic receptor binding in platelets with an IC50 of 380 mM and beta adrenergic receptor binding in lymphocytes and polymorphonuclear leucocytes with IC50 values of about 1 M. The characteristics of alpha-2 receptor binding were similar in platelets from chronic alcoholics and from non-alcoholics. The densities of beta adrenergic receptors were similar in blood cells from alcoholics and controls, although there were some changes in receptor affinities. Thus, chronic alcohol consumption does not appear to have a substantial effect on adrenergic receptor binding in blood cells. PMID- 6537223 TI - An evaluation of the role of ethanol clearance rate in the differential response of long-sleep and short-sleep mice to ethanol. AB - Ethanol (ETOH) clearance rates were determined in Long-Sleep (LS) and Short-Sleep (SS) mice, which were selectively bred for differential soporific response to ETOH. Determination of blood ethanol levels at 45 min intervals following administration of 3.8 g/kg IP indicated that SS mice clear ETOH at a faster rate. Repeatedly sampled mice of each line cleared ETOH more slowly than those where samples were taken only once. A second experiment utilized pairs of LS and SS mice matched on body weight. These were treated with one of several doses of ETOH, and duration of loss of the righting reflex measured for one member of the pair. Blood ETOH levels were determined in samples taken from both members of the pair when the tested member regained the righting reflex. LS mice had small but consistently higher blood ETOH levels in these pairs. The magnitude of the differences between the LS and SS mice in these experiments indicate that clearance rate differences can account for only a small portion of the differences in behavioral responses of these mice to ETOH. PMID- 6537224 TI - Interindividual variations in the disposition and metabolism of ethanol in healthy men. AB - Forty-eight healthy men each drank a dose of ethanol, 0.68 g/kg of body weight, as neat whisky at about 09.00, after fasting overnight. The drink was finished within 20 min and the concentrations of ethanol in samples of capillary blood were determined at 30-60 min intervals for 7 hr. Rectilinear regression lines were fitted to the elimination phase of blood concentration time profiles and blood-ethanol parameters were calculated as described by Widmark. In 23, 14, 8 and 3 subjects the peak blood ethanol concentrations were reached at 30, 60, 90 and 120 min timed from starting to drink. The highest concentration of ethanol in blood was 0.92 +/- 0.022 mg/ml (mean +/- SE) and the coefficient of variation (CV) was 16.8%. The blood concentration of ethanol extrapolated to zero-time was 0.98 +/- 0.009 mg/ml (CV = 6.5%) and the apparent volume of distribution (Vd) was 0.695 +/- 0.0064 L/kg (CV = 6.4%). The rate of ethanol elimination from blood was 0.126 +/- 0.0018 mg/ml/hr (CV = 9.9%) and the body clearance was 87.5 +/- 1.1 mg/kg/hr (CV = 8.7%). The apparent volume of distribution of ethanol was inversely related to the subject's body weight (r = -0.59 +/- 0.118, p less than 0.001). The elimination rate from blood was lower in those subjects with larger distribution volume; the parameters were negatively correlated (r = -0.52 +/- 0.126, p less than 0.001). The results show that blood-ethanol parameters calculated according to Widmark's method have low intersubject variability when the dose of ethanol administered and the condition of the test subjects are carefully controlled.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6537225 TI - Lack of differences in blood and tissue concentrations of endogenous ethanol in conventional and germfree rats. AB - Headspace gas chromatography was used to determine the concentrations of endogenous ethanol in blood and tissue of conventional and germfree rats. In all biological specimens analysed, the four principal volatile endogenous substances were identified as methanol, acetaldehyde, ethanol and acetone. No statistically significant differences in the concentrations of endogenous ethanol were noted between conventional and germfree animals. In whole blood, liver, kidney, and brain of germfree rats the concentrations of endogenous ethanol were 4.2 +/- 0.19 microM, 5.1 +/- 0.55 microM, 8.2 +/- 0.59 microM and 4.4 +/- 0.17 microM (means +/- SE), respectively. The higher concentration in kidney was also observed in conventional rats. Our results suggest that ethanol is a normal metabolic intermediate in rats and does not exclusively arise from microbial fermentation reactions in the gastrointestinal tract. PMID- 6537226 TI - Trace element levels in human alcoholic brain. AB - Copper, magnesium, zinc and manganese levels in the temporal cortex of human alcoholic and control brains were measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometry using both the flame and graphite furnace. All of the 21 alcoholics were male with a mean age of 54.1 years; the 19 male controls had a mean age of 60.2 years. The only statistically significant change in ion levels was an increase in manganese concentration (expressed both as microgram/g wet weight and ng/mg protein) in the alcoholic group when compared to the control group. Five of the alcoholics had malignancies, while 16 of the controls had systemic malignancies. Covariance analysis showed there was no effect of age on the level of manganese in the temporal cortex. PMID- 6537227 TI - Circadian rhythms of water and alcohol intake: effect of REM-sleep deprivation and lesion of the suprachiasmatic nucleus. AB - The recently discovered increase in alcohol drinking produced by a 7 day period of rapid eye movement (REM)-sleep deprivation with a modified flowerpot technique and the subsequent decrease during REM-rebound were now examined through continual monitoring of drinking with a computer attached to drinkometers. REM sleep deprivation abolished the circadian rhythms of both alcohol and water intake. The circadian rhythm of water drinking returned during the first post deprivation day but alcohol drinking was almost eliminated during the first 18 hr and there was no circadian rhythm to the alcohol drinking on the following 3 days. In an additional study, the circadian rhythms of both water and alcohol intake were abolished by electrolytic lesioning of the suprachiasmatic nuclei. The lesion did not, however, alter the mean level of alcohol drinking. Thus the abolition of circadian rhythms is not sufficient for increasing alcohol consumption and the increase produced during REM-sleep deprivation appears to be mediated by other mechanisms. PMID- 6537228 TI - Increase in ethanol consumption in rats due to caloric deficit. AB - Naive food-restricted and food-satiated rats were given a choice between ethanol (8%, 16%, or 32%) and water for 22 hours/day over 14 days. On all days and at all concentrations, intakes of ethanol were significantly higher in the food restricted animals. Doses consumed by these animals were highest when 32% ethanol was used, with a mean daily intake of 6.83 g/kg. Preference scores, calculated as the percent of total fluid intake as ethanol, were also much higher in the food restricted animals. These findings demonstrate that the caloric value of ethanol may be an important factor in ethanol self-administration, but they do not rule out the possible importance of pharmacological effects. PMID- 6537229 TI - A new device for administering placebo alcohol. AB - Placebo alcohol administered via a new device induced intoxication in 7 of 10 healthy adult males. Intoxication levels reported after placebo alcohol was 36% of intoxication ratings after real alcohol when peak blood alcohol values reached 84 mg/dl. Since expectancy about alcohol effects may contribute significantly to perceived intoxication, the new device should facilitate alcohol administration studies which would benefit from a placebo control. PMID- 6537230 TI - [Test of the interaction between alcohol and a new 1,4-benzodiazepine (metaclazepam). 4. Adjustment of a dose-response area for additive components]. PMID- 6537231 TI - [Statistical data for 1971-1982 on motor vehicle numbers, traffic discipline, road traffic accidents, license suspensions, license prohibitions and multiple traffic offenders with regard to drunkenness at the wheel]. PMID- 6537232 TI - [Proof of post-schooling in criminal proceedings]. PMID- 6537233 TI - The secretion of alcohol in the tear fluid. PMID- 6537234 TI - [Post-schooling of alcohol-impaired 1st offenders. The initial experiences from the model trial in Baden-Wurttemberg]. PMID- 6537235 TI - [Congener analysis after the consumption of fruit juices with and without the addition of ethyl alcohol]. PMID- 6537236 TI - [Expert evaluation of the aptitude for driving in a concept of problem solving. Reflections on the problems of driving aptitude and traffic safety in connection with the new aptitude guidelines]. PMID- 6537237 TI - Gerstmann syndrome without aphasia: a longitudinal study. AB - A case of "pure" and complete Gerstmann syndrome resulting from a focal vascular lesion in the posterior parietal area of the left hemisphere and not associated with aphasic disorder or general mental impairment is described. The initial symptom presentation of this patient supported the concept of the autonomous nature of the Gerstmann aggregate but longitudinal findings suggested that these symptoms did not in fact represent a coherent syndrome. PMID- 6537238 TI - Hemispheric lateralization in 47,XXY Klinefelter's syndrome boys. AB - Thirty-two boys with a 47,XXY karyotype were compared with chromosomally normal male controls in their performance on six tasks of hemispheric specialization. The results revealed that the 47,XXY subjects had smaller asymmetries on left hemisphere tasks and larger asymmetries on right hemisphere tasks than controls. Analyses of individual right and left side scores revealed that the atypical lateral asymmetries of the 47,XXYs were due to a shift toward greater right hemisphere involvement on four of the six measures. It was postulated that the slower fetal growth rates of the extra X chromosome group might contribute to their atypical hemispheric specialization and the failure of their left hemisphere to gain dominance over their right in language processing. PMID- 6537239 TI - Rhythm length and hemispheric asymmetry. AB - Conflicting evidence has appeared in the literature concerning hemispheric asymmetry in the perception of rhythm. The present study investigated the effects of rhythm length on relative cerebral dominance. Twenty-four subjects were presented with sequences of one to four time intervals bounded by light flashes. The subjects' task was to determine if two such sequences were the same or different. The first rhythm was presented in both visual fields and the second only to one visual field. Reaction times and number of errors were recorded. It was found that increasing rhythm length resulted in a shift in cerebral dominance from left to right hemisphere. An interpretation of these findings was suggested in terms of the preferred mode of processing of each hemisphere, analytic vs. holistic. PMID- 6537240 TI - Lateral specialization and social-verbal development in preschool children. AB - Forty-two 2 1/2- to 5 1/2-year-old children's social and verbal behaviors were observed during free play in a preschool. A test measuring lateral specialization of verbal function and a standardized psychometric test of verbal ability were also administered. Analysis of variance indicated that the right ear (left hemisphere) is predominant in processing verbal stimuli in children as young as 2 1/2. Multiple regression analyses revealed significant relations between the right ear accuracy score for dichotically presented verbal stimuli and both psychometrically measured verbal ability and a social-verbal factor score derived from play behavior. After the increase related to age was statistically partialled out from both verbal ability and social-verbal scores, verbal expression, length of verbal utterances, time spent in conversation, and peer social interactions increased and parallel play decreased as a function of right ear (left hemisphere) accuracy for verbal stimuli. The relationship between left ear (right hemisphere) accuracy scores for verbal stimuli and social-verbal behavior, however, was not linear. Very high and very low levels of left ear recall predicted an increase in the frequency of parallel play and low social verbal behavior while moderate levels of left ear accuracy scores predicted the reverse. PMID- 6537241 TI - Evidence for differentiation of right hemisphere visual-perceptual functions. AB - Performance on tasks sensitive to right hemisphere dysfunction (facial discrimination and perceptual closure) are reported in eight patients with right hemisphere lesions. Patients demonstrated an apparent double dissociation of performance on the two measures. Site-by-task specificity for the closure task was strongly suggested. Implications for right hemisphere organization and underlying psychological processes are considered. PMID- 6537242 TI - Focal changes in cerebral blood flow produced by monetary incentive during a mental mathematics task in normal and depressed subjects. AB - The purpose of this experiment was to determine the effect of incentive-induced arousal on the diffuse and regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) response during cognitive activation for normal and depressed groups. Two normal rest CBF measurements were followed by two mental mathematics activation CBF measurements. For the first activation measurement, half the subjects in each group were offered monetary incentive for correct performance and half the subjects received no monetary incentive. All subjects were offered monetary incentive on the final activation run. The effect of monetary incentive on the first activation run was to increase CBF activation at four detectors in the left hemisphere. Incentive did not affect the CBF activation response when introduced following practice on the activation task (on the final run). Depressed groups had lower resting blood flow than normals, but the distribution of flow and the CBF response to incentive were almost identical in the two groups. PMID- 6537243 TI - Writing hand posture and four indexes of lateral preference. AB - The relationship between writing hand posture and lateral preference for hand, foot, eye, and ear was examined in a sample of 3709 college undergraduates. A markedly different pattern of lateral preferences was observed in left-handed males and females as a function of hand posture. Left-handed male inverters displayed a tendency toward more leftward lateral preferences in all four indexes; while it was found that hand inversion during writing in left-handed females reflected, if anything, a tendency toward more rightward lateral preferences. PMID- 6537244 TI - Hypothesis testing in patients with chronic progressive multiple sclerosis. AB - Patients with chronic progressive MS (N = 38) were compared with an age and education matched medical control group (N = 19) on a visual discrimination task designed to evaluate hypothesis testing and focusing behavior. Thirty-three MS patients (85%) and all control patients were able to formulate and use hypotheses, but MS patients were less likely to employ strategies leading to a correct solution. Furthermore, MS patients were more likely to perseverate with one strategy despite negative verbal feedback. Five MS patients were unable to formulate hypotheses. These findings suggest that MS patients have impaired cognitive functioning in addition to previously reported problems with memory. PMID- 6537246 TI - Hemispheric patterns in visual search. AB - A visual search paradigm was employed to examine hemispheric serial and parallel processing. Stimulus arrays containing 4, 9, or 16 elements were tachistoscopically presented to the right visual field-left hemisphere (RVF-LH) or left visual field-right hemisphere (LVF-RH). Subjects judged whether all of the elements within an array were physically the same (all X's) or whether one (O) was different from the rest. Left hemisphere presentations were processed more quickly and accurately than LVF-RH presentations for all stimulus conditions. As the number of array elements increased, more errors and longer response times were obtained for different stimulus items whereas fewer errors and somewhat shorter response times were obtained for same stimulus items. These and previous results suggest that the left hemisphere obtains an advantage for visual search because of that hemisphere's superiority for fine-grained feature analysis rather than because of a fundamental hemispheric serial/parallel processing dichotomy. PMID- 6537245 TI - A review, analysis, and some new data on hand-posture distributions in left handers. AB - Different methods have been employed to assess handwriting posture in left handers, and different dimensions of hand posture have been used for categorization. Within North American samples, there is a remarkable consistency between studies in the distributions when the same assessment method is used, but there are very large and highly significant differences for different methods of assessment. The various methods and dimensions of categorization evidently index different variables, and these are likely to have different relations with neuropsychological factors. It is possible, however, to gather questionnaire data on handwriting posture that closely resemble direct experimenter observation, as a brief report on left-handed males shows. PMID- 6537247 TI - Visual allesthesia in manual pointing: some evidence for a sensorimotor cerebral organization. AB - The authors of this paper first summarize some of the theoretical frames put forward to account for allesthesia. Then, pointing performances in a case of visual allesthesia is reported; unexpectedly, pointing behavior for identical targets was different according to hand. The most salient feature was that a same visual target elicited relatively short RTs with adequate pointing using the left hand versus much longer reaction times with allesthesic pointing using the right hand. Discussion is focused on the presented theoretical frames. In view of the results, authors are led to hypothesize that, in sensorimotor cerebral organization, some aspects of signal processing are dependent upon some premotor aspects of response elaboration. PMID- 6537248 TI - Neglects in hemineglect: a comment on the study of Bisiach et al.(1983). PMID- 6537249 TI - Interpretation and use of the Luria-Nebraska Battery. AB - In a recent article, T. V. Akhutina and L. S. Tsvetkova (1983, Brain and Cognition 2, 129-134) presented an analysis of the Luria-Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery. Along with their generally positive review, they raised questions regarding the importance of the qualitative aspects of patients' performance in the interpretation of the battery. We agree with the authors that any interpretation of the battery which does not consider qualitative performance can limit the power and applicability of the battery. The procedures of item analysis and qualitative analysis are discussed as essential to a comprehensive interpretation of the battery. Also discussed are comments on additional scaling for the battery and the development of a standardized qualitative scoring system. PMID- 6537250 TI - Pathological left-handedness and familial sinistrality in relation to degree of mental retardation. AB - The relationship between personal and familial hand preference and mental retardation was examined. Six unimanual tasks were performed by 232 subjects within four mental retardation severity groups. Family handedness histories were obtained. Right hand preference varied inversely with severity of mental retardation. The handedness of mentally retarded groups at the different functional levels paralleled, but tended much more to the sinistral, than that of the corresponding parent groups. The parent-proband handedness correlations were largely insignificant, especially in lower functioning groups. The findings support both pathological left-handedness theory and an association between brain damage causing mental retardation and familial sinistrality. PMID- 6537251 TI - Unilateral versus bilateral presentation methods in the reaction time paradigm. AB - The use of bilateral presentation in lateralized tachistoscopic reaction time (RT) tasks has been precluded by problems of how to instruct the subject to respond to the left visual field (LVF) or right visual field (RVF) stimulus and by the necessity of fixation control with bilateral presentation. J. Schmuller and R. Goodman (1979, Brain and Language, 8, 81-91; 1980, Brain and Language, 11, 12-18) offered a method, applied to date only in recognition accuracy studies, which can overcome these problems. They used an "arrowhead pointer" at fixation. This instructs the subject as to which stimulus to report first and also controls fixation. We adapted the method to the RT paradigm by having subjects report only the stimulus indicated and applied it in a bilateral presentation version of the Object Naming Latency Task (W. F. McKeever & T. L. Jackson, 1979, Brain and Language, 7, 175-190). Fifty subjects received the unilateral task and 50 received the bilateral task. The bilateral task yielded right visual field superiority in 98% of the subjects and the magnitude of the superiority was over three times as large as in the unilateral task. Different sex x familial sinistrality x VHF interactions obtained on the tasks. Combining the advantages of reaction time and bilateral presentation methods may substantially increase the resolving power of lateralized tachistoscopic tasks. PMID- 6537253 TI - Hand inversion in sinistrals and lateral preference: comments on Searleman, Porac, and Coren (1984). PMID- 6537252 TI - Ear advantages for temporal resolution in baboons. AB - On the assumption that temporal resolution underlies an individual's ear advantage for speech perception, one would predict an ear advantage for a temporal resolution task to correlate precisely with an ear advantage for the discrimination of consonant-vowel syllables that differ in their temporal features. A gap detection task that required the resolution of brief silent intervals in bursts of noise was employed to test this hypothesis in four baboons. The findings offer support for such a hypothesis and thus increase the feasibility of an animal model of functional asymmetry in the auditory system. PMID- 6537254 TI - Lymphadenopathic and oropharyngeal Kaposi's sarcoma in a drug addict with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Immunological abnormalities in peripheral blood and lymphoid tissue. AB - Lymphocyte subsets were analyzed in peripheral blood and lymph nodes from a drug addict with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) presenting with disseminated lymphadenopathic and oropharyngeal Kaposi's sarcoma. At the onset of disease, hypergammaglobulinemia, increase of OKT8+ T cell subset and reversal of OKT4/OKT8 ratio were found in the blood. At the same time, lymph nodes displayed, besides Kaposi's sarcoma, marked follicular hyperplasia, plasmocytosis and increase of OKT8+/Leu 2a+ T cells within follicular centers. These results are interpreted to indicate that at an early stage of disease the major tissue alterations took place within follicular centers and consisted of both B cell activation and T suppressor cell reaction. These changes correlated with immunological abnormalities observed in peripheral blood. Immunohistochemical investigation of lymphoid tissue may be useful to detect AIDS patients at an early stage. PMID- 6537255 TI - Melanotic schwannoma: a case report. AB - A case of melanotic schwannoma of the sacral region, studied with electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry, is reported. Melanosomes in all stages of formation were ultrastructurally demonstrable in neoplastic cells, which showed prominent basal lamina and interdigitating cytoplasmic processes. These findings support the Schwann cell origin of the tumor and indicate that Schwann cells are capable of melanin production. The immunohistologic examination showed the absence of neoplastic cells for all antigens tested (S-100 protein, glial fibrillary acidic protein, lysozyme, alpha 1-antitrypsin, alpha 1 antichimotrypsin, keratin). Apart from questioning the nature of the tumor, S-100 protein absence could raise doubts on its benign course. In the reported case, no local recurrence or distant metastases have been recorded 2 years after surgery. PMID- 6537256 TI - Signet ring cell lymphoma in salivary gland. An immunohistochemical and ultrastructural study. AB - A case of recurrent signet ring cell lymphoma involving a salivary gland is reported. The tumour was centroblastic-centrocytic nodular and diffuse. The cells were vacuolated, oil red, Sudan III, PAS and Alcian blue negative. They displayed the Ia-like antigen but were negative for SIg. Ultrastructurally the vacuoles appeared empty or containing residual membrane and/or myelinoid bodies. Sometimes microvesicles were found in them. The vacuoles were mainly located in the Golgi area but they were also found in mitochondria. Cytoplasmic bodies containing microvesicles were also seen. The case is compared with those of the literature and the significance of the vacuoles is discussed. PMID- 6537257 TI - Bringing the feet in from the cold: thermal biofeedback training of foot-warming in Raynaud's syndrome. AB - The biofeedback-assisted treatment of a case of Raynaud's syndrome was examined in order to determine the relationship between learning of the hand-warming response and the subsequent ability to produce foot-warming responses. It was found that fluctuations in dermal hand and foot temperatures were not significantly related, either within or across treatment sessions. The obtained hand-warming response was of high magnitude and rapidly learned, while the foot warming response was more modest and took substantially more trials to learn. These results indicate that an easy generalization of the hand-warming response cannot be assumed. PMID- 6537258 TI - Individual differences in the ability to discriminate the direction of spontaneous changes in peripheral finger temperature. AB - Spontaneous fluctuations of .1 degrees C in peripheral finger temperature were recorded for a 30-minute baseline period in 10 subjects. Those meeting specified criteria of temperature fluctuations were then asked to judge the direction of change in computer-detected temperature fluctuations of .1 degrees C, first without feedback, then with feedback (knowledge of results). Only 1 subject produced convincing evidence of ability to make directional judgments at better than chance level, though more training with feedback might have benefited other subjects. The theoretical significance of these results for the relationship between discrimination and voluntary control is discussed. PMID- 6537259 TI - Surface laboratory: its essentials and fundamentals. PMID- 6537260 TI - Contact angle at solid-water octane interface. PMID- 6537261 TI - Electrode-biologic tissue interreactions at interfaces--a review. AB - This review draws attention on the accuracy and usefulness of the study of electrode phenomenon at the interfaces with an emphasis on the metals and their interreaction with surrounding cells and proteins. PMID- 6537262 TI - Surface--interface energy contributions to blood compatibility. AB - An attempt has been made to understand and correlate surface - and interface energy parameters with the blood compatibility of an implant surface. Although, it is realized that such concepts alone may not be enough to explain the complex multiparameter processes of such interactions at the interface. PMID- 6537263 TI - Surface modification of polycarbonate with synthetic polyelectrolyte anticoagulant activity. AB - Natural rubber with C = C bonds had been modified by reaction with chlorosulfonyl isocyanate (CSI) and 70% of the products were obtained, which yielded polyelectrolyte on treatment with NaOH, having sulfamate and carboxylate groups. The polyelectrolyte showed anticoagulant activity. This might be due to the presence of both sulfamate and carboxylate groups arranged in a steric manner in the molecule as that of Heparin. Surface energy parameters, platelet adhesion and plasma recalcification time were investigated. Possible comparison with heparin had been demonstrated. PMID- 6537264 TI - Protein and platelet interactions with polymer surfaces. AB - An attempt is made to develop an understanding of the basic mechanism governing the interaction of the major blood proteins and cells with polymer surfaces with a focus on thermodynamic approach. It is believed that such investigations may be helpful to provide a rational for the design of suitable cardiovascular prosthetic materials and to choose materials in such a way that adsorption of certain proteins eg. 'fibrinogen' is thermodynamically unfavourable compared to adsorption of other proteins eg. 'albumin'. PMID- 6537265 TI - Protein and platelet interaction with polymer surfaces--a comment. PMID- 6537266 TI - Protein interaction: concepts from thermodynamic measurements. AB - Proteins are biological molecules par excellence. They have evolved as elements of structure, catalysis and control. The conflict between the requirement of structural stability and the requirement of functional specificity and efficiency, under varying environmental conditions in which they are often called upon to function, has been evolutionarily solved by a process of thermodynamic compensation. In the simplest form of thermodynamic compensation the Gibb's free energy change (delta G) of a process occurring under different environmental conditions is kept constant (linear compensation) or allowed to vary slightly (non linear compensation) by compensating a large change in enthalpy (delta H) by an equally (or nearly 80) large change in entropy, delta S. In processes like protein adsorption to surfaces the number of various types of interactions involved is so large that compensatory or augmenting changes in the same type of thermodynamic parameter may occur and complicate the picture. Published data do, however, suggested the occurrence of thermodynamic compensation in protein adsorption. It is pointed out that the simultaneous measurement of two thermodynamic parameters, namely, enthalpy change (delta H), and heat capacity change (delta Cp), under appropriate conditions could often lead to an understanding of the dominant types of forces involved in adsorption. PMID- 6537267 TI - Problems in the development of materials that are compatible with blood. AB - A comprehensive outlook of blood-material interaction is presented with an emphasis on the activation of clotting and platelet adhesion via fibrinogen at the interface. Further limitations and suggestions of interrelating the invitro investigations to invivo conditions are discussed. PMID- 6537268 TI - Blood-material interaction. PMID- 6537269 TI - Experience with Virocult as a viral collection and transportation system. AB - Virocult was used as a supplemental viral collection and transportation system. It compared favorably with tryptose phosphate broth in maintaining clinically important viruses. Advantages of Virocult over tryptose phosphate broth are commercial availability; extended shelf life at ambient temperature; and ease of use. PMID- 6537270 TI - [Post-reduction osteochondrosis in the treatment of congenital dislocation of the hip]. PMID- 6537271 TI - [Painful torticollis in children]. PMID- 6537272 TI - [Fractures of the forearm in children]. PMID- 6537273 TI - [Deferred osteosynthesis with the Rush "Eiffel Tower" double-nails in the leg]. PMID- 6537275 TI - [Ender nailing. Controlled sliding of the nails (a note on the operative technic)]. PMID- 6537274 TI - [Development of the non-invasive treatment of diaphyseal fractures of the humerus. Results of 12 years of experience]. PMID- 6537276 TI - [Hydroxyapatite implants in the rabbit femur. Histologic and microradiographic observations]. PMID- 6537277 TI - [A case of spurious aneurysm of the femoral artery]. PMID- 6537278 TI - [A case of intracapsular vascular hamartoma of the knee in a 3-year-old child]. PMID- 6537279 TI - [Consideration on a case of benign chondroid neoplasia of bone]. PMID- 6537280 TI - [Hypophosphatemic osteomalacia of tumor origin: role of calcitonin and vitamin D]. PMID- 6537282 TI - [Paramyotonia congenita--report of 3 cases in a family]. PMID- 6537281 TI - [Arthrodesis of the hip with a modified cobra plate]. PMID- 6537284 TI - [Cerebrovascular disorders in pregnancy and the puerperium]. PMID- 6537283 TI - [The activity of nonspecific alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase in the cerebrospinal fluid lymphocytes and its clinical significance]. PMID- 6537285 TI - [Clozapine and agranulocytosis]. PMID- 6537286 TI - [Clinical and laboratory studies of major depressive disorders]. PMID- 6537287 TI - [The human leukocyte antigen and schizophrenia]. PMID- 6537288 TI - [Breath-holding spell syndrome of functional disorder--a study of serum ferritin and erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase]. PMID- 6537289 TI - [Acupuncture anesthesia for surgery of the anterior fossa]. PMID- 6537290 TI - [Mapping of electroencephalic activity in patients with brain tumor]. PMID- 6537291 TI - [Experimental studies in the transplantation of human brain glioma into rats]. PMID- 6537292 TI - [Intracranial primary meningeal gliomatosis]. PMID- 6537293 TI - [Postoperative irradiation of intracranial glioma]. PMID- 6537294 TI - [Analysis of long-term survivors in cases of operative glioma]. PMID- 6537295 TI - [Anatomy of the spinal cord vascular system and its clinical significance]. PMID- 6537296 TI - [Monitoring and evaluation of disinfecting effect by chlorination of hospital sewage]. PMID- 6537298 TI - [A uniform procedure for the Yates' correction of the four-fold table X 2 test]. PMID- 6537297 TI - [Eradication of filariasis in Shandong Province]. PMID- 6537299 TI - [Determination of poisonous seeds in cereals]. PMID- 6537300 TI - [Determination of AFT in home-made yellow rice wine and fermented products]. PMID- 6537301 TI - [Tussah silk pneumoconiosis: investigation and experimental study]. PMID- 6537302 TI - [Mycotoxin-producing strains of Aspergillus versicolor isolated from the gastric juice in chronic gastritis patients]. PMID- 6537303 TI - [A method for the detection of sister chromatid exchange using chick embryo cells in vivo]. PMID- 6537304 TI - [Pathological study of pleural plaques in 7 autopsy cases of asbestos workers]. PMID- 6537305 TI - [Determination of dimethyl sulfate in the air in the garage]. PMID- 6537306 TI - [Determination of nitrites and nitrates in water]. PMID- 6537307 TI - [Analysis of organophosphate insecticides in food by thin layer chromatography enzyme inhibition technic]. PMID- 6537308 TI - [Determination of trace fluorine in the hair]. PMID- 6537309 TI - [Determination of lead in the urine by atomic absorption spectrophotometry]. PMID- 6537310 TI - [Determination of trace iodine in the urine]. PMID- 6537311 TI - [Use of a radioisotope tracing method in hygienic research]. PMID- 6537312 TI - [Diagnosis of thyroid nodules by fine needle aspiration biopsy]. PMID- 6537313 TI - [The solitary thyroid nodule: analysis of 673 cases]. PMID- 6537314 TI - [Propranolol in the preoperative preparation of thyrotoxic patients]. PMID- 6537315 TI - [Treatment of thyrotoxicosis]. PMID- 6537316 TI - [Determination of the specific gravity of the thyroid in primary hyperthyroidism for estimation of the quantity of the thyroid remnant after thyroidectomy]. PMID- 6537317 TI - [Analysis of 342 cases of thyroid cancer]. PMID- 6537318 TI - [Experimental cerebral aneurysm in the rat: study of the experimental method and the effect of estradiol]. PMID- 6537319 TI - [Experimental comparative study of the transplantation of veins and lymph vessels for microlymphatic reconstructive surgery]. PMID- 6537320 TI - [The value of intraoperative cholangiography for preventing retained stones]. PMID- 6537321 TI - [Parapapillary choledochoduodenal fistula: diagnosis and treatment]. PMID- 6537322 TI - [Surgery of chronic recurrent pancreatitis]. PMID- 6537323 TI - [Surgical management of a dissecting aneurysm of the aorta]. PMID- 6537324 TI - [Successful replantation of nine amputated digits in a single case]. PMID- 6537325 TI - [Use of 32P in the assessment of circulatory reconstruction of skin flaps and its clinical application]. PMID- 6537326 TI - [Clinical use of island turnover grafts with a posterior-tibial vascular pedicle]. PMID- 6537327 TI - [Analysis of coal mine injuries in 10,000 cases]. PMID- 6537328 TI - [Surgical treatment of patients over 12 years of age with muscular torticollis]. PMID- 6537329 TI - [Combined supra-infraclavicular approach for excision of the first rib in the treatment of the thoracic outlet syndrome]. PMID- 6537330 TI - [The pathogenesis of experimental plexiform lesions in the pulmonary artery in the rabbit]. PMID- 6537331 TI - [Interrelation between pulmonary function testing, pulmonary arterial pressure and clinical patterns in chronic bronchitis and emphysema with or without cor pulmonale]. PMID- 6537332 TI - [Research on the value of EPV1 in the diagnosis of chronic cor pulmonale]. PMID- 6537333 TI - [X-ray analysis of 33 cases of acute silicosis]. PMID- 6537334 TI - [An experimental model of the pathogenicity of atypical mycobacteria for animals]. PMID- 6537335 TI - [Diagnostic value of fibreoptic bronchoscopy in suspected pulmonary tuberculosis]. PMID- 6537336 TI - [Transcatheter lung biopsy and its use in the diagnosis of pulmonary diseases]. PMID- 6537337 TI - [A report on the 5-HT content of lung tissue in bronchogenic carcinoma, carcinoid and non-carcinomatous lesions]. PMID- 6537338 TI - [The effect of long-term passive smoking on pulmonary function]. PMID- 6537339 TI - [A study of the normal predictive value of MEFV and its normal lower limit value]. PMID- 6537340 TI - [Advances in the diagnosis of pleural effusion]. PMID- 6537341 TI - [Epidemiology of tuberculosis and its prevalence in China]. PMID- 6537342 TI - [Prevention of tuberculosis]. PMID- 6537343 TI - The application of a chemical denitrosation and chemiluminescence detection procedure for estimation of the apparent concentration of total N-nitroso compounds in foods and beverages. AB - The apparent total N-nitroso content of foods can be measured by a procedure based on chemical denitrosation and chemiluminescent detection of the eliminated nitric oxide. Procedures have been established which substantially reduce the 'apparatus blank' response to the denitrosating agent and allow total nitroso contents down to 10 micrograms (N-NO)/kg to be measured reproducibly on a 1-g sample. Typically, duplicate analyses of samples containing 10-1000 micrograms (N NO)/kg differ by less than 15% of their mean. Potentially the method can be subject to some interference from compounds other than N-nitroso compounds, but at least in some commodities these interfering compounds do not exist in measurable amounts. PMID- 6537344 TI - Tissue residues of clopidol (3,5-dichloro-2,6-dimethyl-4-pyridinol) in chickens in relation to withdrawal times. AB - Broiler chickens were fed on a commercial diet containing 0.0125% clopidol for 34 days. They were killed 0-10 days after withdrawal of the premedicated feed and clopidol was determined in liver and muscle samples by a sensitive gas-liquid chromatography (g.l.c.) method. During the first two post-withdrawal days the clopidol concentration in the liver decreased rapidly from 7 to 0.5 mg/kg and the level in muscle declined from 3 to 0.1 mg/kg. There was little decline in the clopidol concentrations from days 2 to 10, the levels during this period being 0.2-0.8 mg/kg in liver and 0.05-0.2 mg/kg in muscle. In addition to the above experimental study, liver and muscle samples collected at a Swedish slaughterhouse from broiler chickens raised on clopidol-containing feed were analysed for residues of this drug. Large variations were found in the clopidol levels in broilers from different producers. The levels in the liver ranged from 0.05 to 8.0 mg/kg and those in muscle from 0.03 to 3.5 mg/kg. The present results emphasize the need to carry out field studies to check the levels of feed additive residues in edible tissues from chickens. PMID- 6537345 TI - Chlorinated compounds in tissues of chickens raised on pentachlorophenol contaminated litter. AB - Broiler chickens were raised on commercial wood shavings containing 134 p.p.m. pentachlorophenol and on control litter consisting of corn-cob chips. Initial analysis of the wood-shaving litter showed the presence of hepta-, octa- and nonachlorinated diphenyl ethers, octa- and nonachlorinated 2-phenoxyphenols, and hepta- and octachlorinated dibenzodioxins. Analysis of liver, fat, and muscle tissue after nine weeks indicated the assimilation of these compounds with pentachlorophenol being present in the highest concentration. Chlorinated diphenyl ethers were detectable only in fat, while octa- and nonachlorinated 2 phenoxyphenols were found in all three tissues examined. While liver and fat contained hepta- and octachlorinated dibenzodioxins, no hexachlorinated congener was detected nor were significant amounts of dioxin found in muscle tissue. Although gross pathological examination of the birds did not indicate abnormalities, a mixed type of hepatic enzyme induction was observed in those birds raised on wood shavings. PMID- 6537346 TI - Cadmium intake and cadmium in the human kidney. AB - The diet and cigarette smoking are the main sources of cadmium intake in people not occupationally exposed to cadmium. Using data gathered from the literature, it is shown that there is a statistically significant relationship between the average cadmium intake in various countries and the average kidney cadmium concentration in 40-60 year old people living in those countries. It is estimated that a regular dietary intake of cadmium of 175 micrograms/day would cause the concentration of cadmium in the renal cortex to reach the critical level in 50 years. PMID- 6537347 TI - An h.p.l.c. method for the quantitative determination of asulam, acetylasulam and sulphanilamide in peaches. AB - An analytical method has been developed for the determination of the herbicide, asulam [methyl(4-aminobenzenesulphonyl)carbamate] and two metabolites, sulphanilamide and acetylasulam individually, in peaches. Asulam and acetylasulam were partitioned from an aqueous phase with ethyl ether, leaving behind more polar components which interfered with the analysis of these compounds. The sulphanilamide was next partitioned from the aqueous phase into ethyl acetate. Each fraction was then chromatographed on its own neutral alumina column, activity grade 1, and analysed by high performance liquid chromatography (h.p.l.c.) using a C-18 reverse phase column. From peach samples fortified at the 0.10 p.p.m. level, recoveries averaged 72% (asulam), 100% (acetylasulam) and 90% (sulphanilamide). No residues of these compounds were found in two studies of peaches harvested 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 days following asulam treatment at 0-7.50 kg/ha. PMID- 6537348 TI - Total N-nitroso group analysis of foods. II. Further studies on the precision and sensitivity of the assay. AB - The total N-nitroso content of foods can be measured by chemical denitrosation with hydrogen bromide and chemiluminescence detection of the cleaved nitric oxide radical. The denitrosation reagent itself causes a significant detector response which has limited the application of the technique to trace analysis. A procedure is described in which the errors associated with this interference are minimized. Application of this method to the trace analysis of aqueous and solid samples is reported together with an investigation of the effects of sample size on the accuracy and sensitivity of the assay as applied to aqueous analytes. The magnitude and significance of the false-positive response from nitrate is discussed in relation to the analysis of cured meats. PMID- 6537349 TI - Incidence of some non-volatile N-nitroso compounds in cured meats. AB - Procedures are described for the use of high-performance liquid chromatography and gas chromatography with a chemiluminescence detector in the analysis of N nitrosoamino acids, N-nitrosothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid, N-nitroso oxazolidine-4-carboxylic acids and N-nitroso dipeptides N-terminal in N nitrosoproline in cured meat products. The detection limit is around 5-10 micrograms/kg. Evidence is presented for the presence of all these species except the N-nitrosated dipeptides. PMID- 6537350 TI - Investigations on the occurrence of non-extractable residues of trienbolone acetate in cattle tissues in respect to their bioavailability and immunological reactivity. AB - 3H-trienbolone acetate (TBA) was injected/implanted in cattle and the distribution of radioactivity in liver and muscular tissue was determined, applying rigorously standardized organic or aqueous extraction procedures, either directly or following enzymatic hydrolysis and proteolytic procedures. These steps yielded almost 100% recovery of the radioactivity and indicated that only between 5% and 15% of the total residues present was extractable with organic solvents. The remaining radioactivity was either soluble in aqueous media or stayed bound to tissue structures. Similarly processed liver tissue from a calf treated with 3500 mg TBA 68 days prior to slaughter was examined by applying radioimmunoassay for the determination of TBA/trienbolone (TBOH). Indications of the presence of trienic-steroid type residues were only obtained for fractions containing residues extractable with organic solvents. PMID- 6537351 TI - Application of Synovex-H in veal calves: steroid release and residues. AB - Four experiments were carried out with veal calves which were implanted subcutaneously with Synovex-H. Testosterone in blood plasma and also total oestrogens in plasma, urine and faeces during the trial and in liver, kidney and muscle after slaughter (62-75 days after implantation) were determined. Prepurification methods and radioimmunoassays for faeces and tissue samples were elaborated and validated. Variables between or within the trials were the sex, the dose (four pellets versus eight pellets; 25 mg testosterone propionate + 2.5 mg 17 beta-oestradiol-3-benzoate per pellet) and the implantation site (either on the base of the ear or on the middle of the pinna). Results from the blood plasma and the excreta showed that using four pellets implanted in the middle of the pinna guaranteed a continuous release in order that oestrogen levels were maximally doubled in comparison to controls. On the other hand, application of the same dose at the base of the ear was characterized by an accentuated burst during the first three days (10-fold elevation over controls). In plasma and excreta of male controls, higher oestrogen concentrations were measured as compared to the corresponding substrates of females. Comparing all groups, untreated males showed the highest testosterone levels. In all animals, residues of total oestrogens were of the same order of magnitude (kidney and liver 0.1-1.5 ng/g; muscle 0-32 pg/g) with somewhat higher means in the treated groups. Since all results are within the physiological scope, no risk for the consumer is visible after correct use of Synovex-H. PMID- 6537352 TI - Tin in foods and the diet. AB - The diet is the main source of tin intake by man. Nearly all the tin in the UK diet is associated with canned food. Canned tomatoes, tomato products, pineapple, pears and similar fruits contain the highest concentrations of tin. Average dietary tin intakes in the UK are about 3 mg/day and have been falling since 1976. PMID- 6537353 TI - Mutagenic investigation of flavourings: dimethyl succinate, ethyl pyruvate and aconitic acid are negative in the Salmonella/mammalian-microsome test. AB - Three flavourings: dimethyl succinate, ethyl pyruvate and aconitic acid, commonly used in candy, beverages, and baked goods, were tested in the Salmonella/mammalian-microsome test. Tester strains were TA 1535, TA 100, TA 1537 and TA 98 and doses were 32, 160, 800, 4000 and 20 000 micrograms per plate. All tests were performed with and without the S9 fraction from Aroclor induced rat liver. None of the flavourings showed mutagenic potential. These results support the classification made by the Council of Europe, List I (1981). PMID- 6537354 TI - Synthesis of three N-nitroso dipeptides N-terminal in proline and a method for their determination in food. AB - The terminal N-nitroso derivatives of L-prolyl-L-alanine, L-prolylglycine and L prolyl-4-hydroxy-L-proline have been synthesized and characterized. A procedure suitable for their analysis in biological samples has been developed and is based on the preparation of an aqueous extract, extraction into an organic solvent, separation by high-performance liquid chromatography and detection by a chemiluminescence method. The average recovery in all cases was above 69% at the level of 200 micrograms/kg using cured meat as a food matrix; the detection limit was 10 micrograms/kg. PMID- 6537355 TI - Distribution of the trichothecene mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (vomitoxin) during the milling of naturally contaminated hard red spring wheat and its fate in baked products. AB - In order to assess human intake of deoxynivalenol (DON, vomitoxin) from wheat sources for regulatory purposes, the effects of food processing on DON retention and distribution must be known. Two hard red spring wheats (1 and 2) naturally contaminated with DON at 7.5 micrograms/g and 1.4 micrograms/g were subjected to cleaning, tempering and scouring processes then milled in the Grain Research Laboratory (GRL) pilot mill; the low-level wheat was also milled in an experimental mill (Allis-Chalmers mill) and commercial-scale pilot mill (Canadian International Grains Institute). Flours were baked into bread and, in some cases, cookies and doughnuts. No appreciable losses of DON occurred during the cleaning, milling or baking processes. Some fractionation took place during milling: up to two-fold increases in DON concentrations were observed in shorts and feed flour fractions, while lesser increases were found in the bran from wheat 2 (none for bran from wheat 1); there was some correlation of ash concentration with DON levels in the flour streams from GRL pilot milling of the two wheats. PMID- 6537356 TI - Additive migration from various plastics with different processing or properties into test fat HB 307. AB - The migration of the antioxidant n-octadecyl 3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4 hydroxyphenyl)-propionate from various plastics into the test fat HB 307 was investigated. Plastics from the following classes were included: high-impact polystyrene (HIPS), polypropylene (PP), high- and low-density polyethylene (HDPE and LDPE), and were found to have distinctly different properties--in particular, different densities, melt flow indices and structural characteristics. Each plastic was processed into test specimens such as pressed and extruded sheets, injection-moulded cups, deep-drawn tubs and blown bottles. The migration out of these specimens was investigated under identical test conditions. The results confirm that the amounts of additive migrating from the different classes of plastics into test fat HB 307 in general decrease in the order LDPE greater than HDPE greater than PP greater than HIPS. Moreover, it seems to be of great importance that the respective amounts of additive migrating from the injection moulded cups, deep-drawn tubs and blown bottles into test fat were significantly lower in all cases than those from the corresponding pressed or extruded sheets. Presumably, this effect is mainly caused by orientation of the polymer molecules in the injection-moulded, deep-drawn or blown products. It is concluded that the migration of the antioxidant decreases with increasing density of the polymer and that the melt flow index (molecular weight) has hardly any influence. Migration from HIPS into fat increases with the content of impact modifier. In the case of the polyethylenes, the influence of processing on the migration rate decreases with decreasing density of the polymer. PMID- 6537357 TI - Excretion of penicillins in bovine milk following intramuscular administration. AB - The kinetics of elimination into milk of sodium penicillin G, procaine penicillin G, benzathine penicillin G, ampicillin and amoxycillin residues have been determined after intramuscular administration of eleven drugs chosen among those commercially available in France. These investigations will be used as a basis to estimate and harmonize the withdrawal times demanded for veterinary drugs. The quantitative analysis of residues was carried out by a cylinder plate microbiological method with Bacillus stearothermophilus as test organism. The threshold of detection is 0.001 unit (or micrograms)/ml of milk. The mean durations of elimination are four milkings for the association sodium penicillin G and procaine penicillin G, from seven to eight milkings for procaine penicillin G alone, from 19 to 33 milkings for benzathine penicillin G, and from three to five milkings for ampicillin and amoxycillin. PMID- 6537358 TI - Effect of excitation and emission wavelength on the fluorescence lifetimes of chlorophyll a. AB - The effect of excitation and emission wavelengths on fluorescence decay times of Chlorophyll a were measured in four solutions (C approximately 10(-5) mol X 1(-1] and in polymethyl methacrylate films. The decay times observed were corrected with respect to self-absorption and re-emission effects. The fluorescence decay times of Chlorophyll a was found to depend on both the excitation and the emission wavelengths. PMID- 6537359 TI - Photoinduced isochromic rearrangement in rhodopsin. AB - Two tests have been used to detect and to study conformational rearrangements of cattle rhodopsin, occurring in the process of rhodopsin photolysis and resulting in no change in the visual pigment absorption spectrum. The first test concerns the ability of retinal to react with hydroxylamine. This ability occurs after photoisomerization of retinal with a time constant of 0.3 s at 20 degrees C reflecting this way a conformational transition demasking the retinal-opsin NC bond. The other test takes advantage of the ability of rhodopsin to modulate the conductance of artificial lipid membranes. After a bleaching flash such a rhodopsin containing membrane shows a transient change in conductance. One of its characteristic time constants is that of NC-bond demasking. It shows that the "demasking" rearrangement is not an artefact due to presence of hydroxylamine and that it occurs in native rhodopsin. It has been shown that the "demasking" rearrangement is isochromic, not associated with known rhodopsin conformational transitions and, judging by its time characteristics, it may be of a functionally importance. The common scheme of rhodopsin photolysis has been modified to include a new conformational transition. PMID- 6537360 TI - Momentum balance equation for nonelectrolytes in models of coupling between chemical reaction and diffusion in membranes. AB - The role of viscosity in coupling between chemical reaction (complex formation) and diffusion in membranes has been investigated. The Fick law was replaced by the momentum balance equation with the viscous term. The irreversible thermodynamics admits coupling of the chemical reaction rate with the gradient of velocity. The proposed model has shown the contrary effect of viscosity and confirmed the experimental results. The chemical reaction rate increases only above the limit value of viscosity. The parameter Q (degree of complex formation) was introduced to investigate coupling. Q equals to the ratio of the chemical contribution into the flux of the complex to the total flux of the substance transported. For different values of the parameters of the model the dependence of Q upon position inside the membrane has been numerically calculated. The assumptions of the model limit it to a specific case and they only roughly model the biological situation. PMID- 6537361 TI - Pacing-induced transient depolarizations in rabbit atrial myocardium. AB - Transient afterdepolarizations (TD) were analyzed following a train of paced action potentials in isolated pectinate muscles bordering the crista terminalis in rabbit right atria. After cessation of a rapid drive TD peaked between 400 and 700 ms. The amplitude of TD were found to be pacing-dependent (maximum at 250 ms pre-drive pacing interval 12.9 +/- 2.2 mV, n = 27). At pacing intervals longer than 1000 ms no TD could be observed but pacing intervals shorter than 250 ms provoked a triggered activity. Verapamil (13.2 X 10(-6) mol.1(-1) completely blocked pacing-induced TD. TD could be described quantitatively using a model of the transient inward current. PMID- 6537362 TI - Osmium-induced alteration in DNA structure. AB - In the presence of pyridine and other ligands osmium tetroxide binds covalently to pyrimidine bases in DNA. Properties of osmium-modified native and denatured calf thymus DNA, and plasmid Co1E1 DNA were investigated by means of differential pulse polarography, absorption spectrophotometry, circular dichroism, agarose gel electrophoresis, and nuclease S1 digestion. A great difference in the reaction kinetics of native and denatured DNAs with osmium, pyridine was observed. On the ground of the slow stepwise reaction kinetics of native DNA in the initial stage of its modification by osmium it has been suggested that the primary reaction sites do not include bases contained in the intact double helix. Osmium binding to sporadic primary reaction sites (represented e.g. by bases in the vicinity of a single-strand break) in native calf thymus DNA resulted in local changes in DNA conformation limited to a close neighbourhood of the binding site. At higher osmium/nucleotide ratios disordering of the DNA structure over a region extending beyond the immediate binding site was observed. With denatured DNA the same type of structure disordering was detected already in the initial stage of the reaction at osmium/nucleotide ratios as low as 0.01. Osmium binding to the supercoiled Co1E1 DNA resulted in its relaxation without nicking and it increased its sensitivity to linearization by cleavage with nuclease S1. The behaviour of Co1E1 DNA has been explained by the formation of a denatured region in the molecule (accompanied by a coupled loss of duplex and superhelical turns). It has been suggested that osmium can be used to label and to visualize distorted regions in the DNA double helix. PMID- 6537363 TI - Mechanism of fluorescent response of the probe diS-C3-(5) to transmembrane potential changes in a lecithin vesicle suspension. AB - The dependence of both the magnitude and the sign of fluorescent responses of the probe diS-C3-(5) in egg lecithin vesicle suspensions on the magnitude of the inside-negative transmembrane potential and on the total probe concentration in the sample volume has been studied. Results were compared with theoretical calculations made on the basis of the equilibrium thermodynamic model suggested earlier as well as on the observed concentration dependence of the probe fluorescence in aqueous media and membranes. It was shown that transmembrane potential results in a redistribution of the probe between the aqueous and the membrane phases and in the membrane interior. The model calculations showed that the probe concentrations in the external aqueous medium and in the outer lipid monolayer of a vesicle significantly decrease. At the same time, the dye concentration in the inner membrane monolayer increases significantly, which should lead to a marked quenching of the dye fluorescence. The changes in the fluorescence and absorption spectra are well explained in terms of the proposed mechanism. The highest responses of diS-C3-(5) to changes of the transmembrane potential were observed in a shorter wavelength region of the fluorescence spectrum at the probe to lipid ratios in membrane of 15-20 moles of probe per 1000 moles of lipid. In the longwave region, the increase in fluorescence is not an obligatory indication of a decrease in the transmembrane potential and, under certain conditions, this process can take place when the transmembrane potential increases. The generation of a quasi-equilibrium diffusion transmembrane potential results in an increase in the average probe concentration in membranes if the signs of the probe charge and the potential inside the vesicles are opposite. Thus, the "on-off" mechanism, working under conditions of steady-state processes, is not valid under equilibrium conditions. PMID- 6537364 TI - Volunteerism with the elderly: an innovative interdisciplinary course in graduate education. PMID- 6537365 TI - Interpersonal communication and aging: components for an instructional unit. PMID- 6537366 TI - Enhancing linkages between formal services and the informal support systems of the elderly. PMID- 6537367 TI - Incorporating gerontological content into undergraduate social work curricula: recommendations for the practice sequence. PMID- 6537368 TI - Integration or separation gerontological nursing education? PMID- 6537369 TI - The nurse practitioner-physician team in nursing home practice. PMID- 6537370 TI - Health care providers' perceptions of the elderly and level of interest in geriatrics as a specialty. PMID- 6537371 TI - Prevention of complications after abdominal radical surgery of cervical carcinoma. PMID- 6537372 TI - [Immediate and late complications in the urinary tract after cesarean section]. PMID- 6537373 TI - [Surgical treatment of Stein-Leventhal syndrome after completed pregnancy]. PMID- 6537374 TI - [Management of endometriosis of adnexa uteri in women of reproductive age]. PMID- 6537375 TI - [Intraoperative and postoperative complications of the second cesarean section]. PMID- 6537376 TI - [Effectiveness of retroperitoneal suction drainage in extended hysterectomy by the Wertheim-Meigs method]. PMID- 6537377 TI - [Preventive use of heparin in women with septic abortion and pyelonephritis in pregnancy]. PMID- 6537378 TI - [Dopamine beta-hydroxylase activity in the plasma of women as an indicator of perioperative stress]. PMID- 6537379 TI - [Safety, purpose, usefulness and effectiveness of diagnostic and therapeutic procedures in obstetrical and gynecological practice]. PMID- 6537380 TI - [Renal failure after cesarean section]. PMID- 6537381 TI - Immunotherapy of vaginal infections. Scientific papers presented at the international symposia in La Sarraz and Zurich, September 15 and 16, 1983. PMID- 6537382 TI - Effect of lactobacillus immunotherapy (Gynatren/SolcoTrichovac) on vaginal microflora when used for the prophylaxis and treatment of vaginitis. PMID- 6537383 TI - Bacterial non-specific vaginitis ('bacterial' vaginosis). PMID- 6537384 TI - An explanation of the mode of action of Gynatren/SolcoTrichovac based on immunological considerations. PMID- 6537385 TI - A new therapeutic approach in non-specific vaginitis. PMID- 6537386 TI - Modification of the vaginal ecology by Gynatren/SolcoTrichovac. PMID- 6537387 TI - Treatment of chronic colpo-vaginitis by stimulation of the immune system. PMID- 6537388 TI - Camping marathon group psychotherapy for adolescents. AB - The effects of adolescent group psychotherapy were studied on 253 adolescent patients and 98 parents who participated in a camping marathon group psychotherapy (MGT) conducted every summer from 1972 to 1982 by the staff of the psychiatry division of Fukuoka University Hospital. Among the factors examined were the relations of the present therapy with age, individual therapy, types of disorders, the nature of conflicts of the patients, the attitudes of the patients and their parents toward the therapy and countertransference of the therapists. The objects and adjustment patterns of patients in the group therapy are considered to be dependent on these and other interrelated factors. Some of the patients adjusted to their psychological trauma resulting from their past human relations through re-experiencing identity crisis in the group as a transitional object. They did not maintain their enhanced self-esteem through the group experience, but apparently utilized the transitional object they identified with as a model in overcoming their crises when they returned to the real life situation and confronted their actual problems. The actual effect of the camping MGT, therefore, may be evaluated when the nature of the disorders and therapeutic goals of individual patients, revealed during the present therapy, are further dealt with in the family, individual and regular group therapy following the camping MGT. PMID- 6537389 TI - Psychiatric disorders of pre-adolescence in Japan. AB - We have classified 200 pre-adolescent patients, with whom we have met during the last three years, into the following four types: school refusal and obsessive behavior, psychosomatic disorders, depressive reactions, and schizophrenic disorders. During our therapeutic process, we realized that even though their symptoms seemed varied and severe, they disappeared after comparatively short periods. The pre-adolescent period is a turning point at which the children depart from their earlier relationships with parents and start to form new ones with friends. We facilitated the patients' developmental process in this period so that they would recover naturally by themselves. However, when we looked at the social phenomena which influence the family and children, we noticed that some factors interfered with the pre-adolescents trying to get over the above mentioned turning point. PMID- 6537390 TI - Long-term follow-up study of 13 autistic children. AB - This is a report concerning 13 autistic children who have been followed up from their early infancy to adulthood. Some intake variables, such as speech development at the age of 5, were correlated with the outcome status. As a result, we showed that a higher level of speech development at age 5 did not necessarily lead to a better outcome in social adaptability. We showed also that any of the variables we examined, such as the presence of brain organic abnormality, the duration of schooling and the duration of medical treatment, were not factors in determining a good or poor prognosis. We concluded that a rather poor outcome seen in our subjects might be due to the particular situation in Japan throughout this study period, and not a reflection of the real natural history of early infantile autism. PMID- 6537391 TI - An investigation on sleep disturbance of autistic children. AB - For the purpose of clarifying the pathophysiological meaning of sleep disturbance in autistic children, the sleep pattern of 75 such children was examined by a questionnaire method. Forty-nine of them showed sleep disturbance in their early life with an incidence of 65%. The poorly-developed group showed a high rate of sleep disturbance as compared with the relatively well-developed group. There was a negative correlation between the developmental level and duration period of sleep disturbance. The investigation of circumstances in which autistic children often exhibited sleep disturbance proved that abrupt changes in life environment or various problems in the way of bringing up children brought about their sleep disturbance. These findings suggest that sleep disturbance might be one of the main symptoms and related to the pathophysiology of infantile autism. PMID- 6537392 TI - Studies on prolactin in major psychoses--with reference to prolactin response to stress in schizophrenia. AB - The serum prolactin concentrations of schizophrenics with delusions or hallucinations, hypomanics, depressives, alcoholics with and without psychotic symptoms were examined. Among them, only the serum prolactin concentrations of alcoholics with psychotic symptoms were significantly higher when compared to the normal controls. In a stress experiment, the alterations of serum prolactin seen in schizophrenics were significantly greater when compared to the normal controls. The results are discussed in connection with the neurochemical mechanisms for the emotional states caused by stress. PMID- 6537393 TI - Simultaneous measurement of various antidepressants in the plasma of depressed patients by high performance liquid chromatography. AB - A simultaneous analytical method was reported for measuring the plasma levels of amitriptyline, imipramine, clomipramine, maprotiline, nortriptyline, desipramine, desmethylclomipramine, desmethylmaprotiline and amoxapine by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The total plasma levels of each parent drug plus its desmethyl metabolite were monitored in 29 depressed patients administered with amitriptyline, maprotiline or amoxapine using the present analytical method. There were significant linear correlations between the dose per kg body weight and the total plasma levels with amitriptyline and maprotiline, but no such correlation was found with amoxapine. The ratios of total plasma levels to dose per kg body weight of these three drugs were lower in outpatients than in inpatients. These results indicate that the monitoring of plasma levels of antidepressants is useful in treating depression. PMID- 6537394 TI - Correlation between EEG and clinicopathological change in neuro-Behcet's syndrome. AB - The serial EEGs on 10 cases of neuro-Behcet's syndrome have been investigated and were compared with the clinical symptomatology and autopsy findings in 4 cases. In 8 cases, the EEGs showed a mild to moderate increase in slowed alpha and theta waves and in 5 cases diffuse alpha patterns. In 2 cases, large slow wave patterns were observed and in Case 10, large slow waves changed into low voltage fast dominant patterns following the status epilepticus. In all the cases, the EEG changes seemed to be well correlated with the clinical symptoms. Our present study suggested that the diffuse alpha patterns were only seen in cases with the least affected brain stem diffuse projection system. From the investigation of the sequential alterations of large slow waves in Case 10, it was suggested that a synchronization mechanism would lie in the medulla oblongata. PMID- 6537395 TI - Management of chronic pain (a short review). PMID- 6537396 TI - Malignant schwannoma of the mediastinum (a case report). PMID- 6537397 TI - Effect of 5-fluorouracil on rat bone marrow. PMID- 6537398 TI - Tuberculous meningitis in children: a clinico-laboratory correlation of CSF findings for early diagnosis. PMID- 6537399 TI - Free fatty acids and triglycerides in normoglycemic low birth weight newborns in early neonatal period. PMID- 6537400 TI - Salmonella associated with diarrheal diseases in a pediatric hospital (1979-82). PMID- 6537401 TI - Correlation of birth weight and head circumference with deviated nasal septum in newborns--a preliminary report. PMID- 6537403 TI - Sociological aspects of child labour. PMID- 6537402 TI - Impact of an on-going supplementary feeding programme on the mental abilities of children. PMID- 6537404 TI - Gliadin antibodies for diagnosis of celiac disease. PMID- 6537405 TI - Lactose intolerance; physiological, clinical and therapeutic considerations. PMID- 6537407 TI - Rhythmic involuntary lingual movements (lingual myoclonus): study of 4 cases. PMID- 6537406 TI - Management of status epilepticus--a review. PMID- 6537408 TI - Treacher-Collins syndrome with deviated nasal septum. PMID- 6537409 TI - Hymenolepis diminuta a rare zoonotic infection report of a case. PMID- 6537410 TI - Unusual manifestations of Henoch-Schonlein purpura. PMID- 6537411 TI - Male predominance in Indian childhood cirrhosis (ICC) PMID- 6537412 TI - Gods and goddesses of the quadrant: some further thoughts on the mythological dimensions of the law. PMID- 6537413 TI - Psychological abnormality and capital sentencing. The new "diminished responsibility". PMID- 6537414 TI - The policy implications of insurance coverage for psychiatric services. PMID- 6537415 TI - Confidentiality in the forensic evaluation. PMID- 6537416 TI - Characteristics of criminals: the privileged offender. PMID- 6537418 TI - Patient advocacy: the Ontario experience. PMID- 6537419 TI - Child abuse reporting laws and psychotherapy: a time for reconsideration. PMID- 6537420 TI - The Insanity Defense Reform Act in New York State, 1980-1983. PMID- 6537421 TI - The Lieutenant-Governor's Advisory Boards of Review for the supervision of the mentally disordered offender in Canada: a call for change. PMID- 6537422 TI - The use of plea bargaining in civil commitment. PMID- 6537423 TI - On gaining acceptance: why the courts accept only reluctantly findings from experimental and social psychology. PMID- 6537424 TI - Unfitness for trial in Scotland: proposed adjudication of the facts and the right to reprosecute. PMID- 6537425 TI - A measure of rapists' attitudes towards women. PMID- 6537426 TI - The Danish Mental Health Act of 1938: "progressive" psychiatric paternalism revised. PMID- 6537427 TI - Diagnostic reliability among psychiatrists. Results of two exercises. PMID- 6537428 TI - Changing medical students' attitudes and professional behavior toward mental patients as a function of psychiatric clerkship. PMID- 6537429 TI - Local attitudes as a basis for the planning of a community mental health service in Jerusalem. PMID- 6537430 TI - Some new considerations regarding psychodynamics in insulin dependent diabetes of longer than five years' duration. PMID- 6537431 TI - Tricyclic antidepressive treatment reinforced by reserpine. PMID- 6537432 TI - Effects of quinine on K+ transport in heart mitochondria. AB - Quinine inhibits the respiration-dependent extrusion of K+ from Mg2+-depleted heart mitochondria and the passive osmotic swelling of these mitochondria in K+ and Na+ acetate at alkaline pH. These observations concur with those of Nakashima and Garlid (J. Biol. Chem. 257, 9252, 1982) using rat liver mitochondria. Quinine also inhibits the respiration-dependent contraction of heart mitochondria swollen passively in Na+ or K+ nitrate and the increment of elevated respiration associated with the extrusion of ions from these mitochondria. Quinine, at concentrations up to 0.5 mM, inhibits the respiration-dependent 42K+/K+ exchange seen in the presence of mersalyl, but higher levels of the drug produce increased membrane permeability and net K+ loss from the matrix. These results are all consistent with an inhibition of the putative mitochondrial K+/H+ antiport by quinine. However, quinine has other effects on the mitochondrial membrane, and possible alternatives to this interpretation are discussed. PMID- 6537433 TI - Oxidations in kidney mitochondria of heat-exposed rats: regulation by cytochrome c. AB - Exposure of rats to higher environmental temperature (36-37 degrees C) decreased the capacity of their kidney mitochondria to oxidize succinate. The decrease was corrected on the addition of exogenous cytochrome c. Kidney mitochondria of heat exposed animals showed decreased rates of H2O2 generation when alpha glycerophosphate, but not succinate, was used as electron donor. These mitochondria also showed decreased activity of alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase but not of succinate dehydrogenase. The content of cytochrome c in kidney mitochondria of heat-exposed animals was low even though the concentration of the pigment in the whole tissue did not decrease. Starvation as well as administration of an antithyroid agent like propylthiouracil simulated some of the effects of heat exposure on kidney mitochondria, but the cytochrome c dependent reversal of inhibition of oxidation was obtained only in heat exposure. PMID- 6537434 TI - Ionic requirements for taurocholate transport in rat liver plasma membrane vesicles. AB - As part of the enterohepatic circulation, taurocholate is taken up by hepatocytes by a Na+-gradient-dependent, carrier-mediated process. The dependence of taurocholate uptake on the presence of a Na+ gradient, outside greater than inside, has been studied in isolated rat liver plasma membranes. The uptake is specific for sodium, and a cotransport stoichiometry of 2 Na+ per taurocholate taken up was found. The presence of K+ ions inside the vesicles was also found to be essential for maximum Na+-stimulated uptake of taurocholate, although a K+ gradient is not required. Mg2+ was almost as effective as K+ in this regard. The symport of Na+ and taurocholate during uptake was shown to be electrogenic, so that K+ may act as an exchange counterion preventing the accumulation of positive charge within the vesicles. PMID- 6537435 TI - A transmembranous NADH-dehydrogenase in human erythrocyte membranes. AB - Evidence is presented for a transmembranous NADH-dehydrogenase in human erythrocyte plasma membrane. We suggest that this enzyme is responsible for the ferricyanide reduction by intact cells. This NADH-dehydrogenase is distinctly different from the NADH-cytochrome b5 reductase on the cytoplasmic side of the membrane. Pretreatment of erythrocytes with the nonpenetrating inhibitor diazobenzene sulfonate (DABS) results in a 35% loss of NADH-ferricyanide reductase activity in the isolated plasma membrane. Since NADH and ferricyanide are both impermeable, the transmembrane enzyme can only be assayed in open membrane sheets with both surfaces exposed, and not in closed vesicles. The transmembrane dehydrogenase has affinity constants of 90 microM for NADH and 125 microM for ferricyanide. It is inhibited by p-chloromercuribenzoate, bathophenanthroline sulfonate, and chlorpromazine. PMID- 6537436 TI - Antibody preference for the catalytically active form of beta-hydroxy-beta methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase. AB - The catalytically inactivating subset within rabbit serum polyclonal antibody to the solubilized, purified 55,000 to 60,000 dalton active fragment of rat liver microsomal beta-hydroxy-beta-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase immunoinactivates this enzyme with little or no diminution of effect by enzyme catalytically inactivated by incubation of microsomes with ATP,Mg++. Reactivation of inactive enzyme with ethanol-treated rat liver phosphatase restores antibody affinity showing that the catalytically inactivating subset of antibody exhibits marked or complete affinity for the active enzyme over the ATP,Mg++- inactivated form. This means that immunoinactivation using this antibody is not a valid way of measuring changes in the specific activity of the enzyme via phosphorylation dephosphorylation. Preference for the active enzyme has not been obvious because when different amounts of enzyme activity are used in immunotitrations of samples of low activity, apparent differences in specific activity are observed when none actually exist. If precautions are not taken, results are obtained supporting phosphorylation by using an antibody that is not capable of distinguishing it. PMID- 6537438 TI - Saturated amines and diamines as substrates which inhibit beef liver mitochondrial monoamine oxidase. AB - Monoamines and diamines of 8-12 carbon atoms initially serve as substrates for purified beef liver monoamine oxidase but then lead to inhibition. The inhibition is not solely the result of aldehyde formation as addition of decylaldehyde does not inhibit benzylamine oxidation. Furthermore, neither the addition of alcohol dehydrogenase and NADH nor of semicarbazide prevent the inhibition of diaminodecane oxidation. The formation of a Schiff base on the enzyme surface resulting in aggregation or occlusion of the enzyme may be a cause of the inhibition. When concentrated enzyme solutions (greater than or equal to 1 mg/ml) are reduced by long-chain amines, 100% O2 causes only partial return of the flavin peak at 450 nm while enzyme activity continues to decrease. Substantial recovery of activity occurs (over a 3-4 week period) when inhibited enzyme is sedimented and resuspended in fresh buffer. These observations are discussed and compared with inhibition observed by other investigators with the substrate phenylethylamine. PMID- 6537437 TI - Properties of a transplasma membrane electron transport system in HeLa cells. AB - A transmembrane electron transport system has been studied in HeLa cells using an external impermeable oxidant, ferricyanide. Reduction of ferricyanide by HeLa cells shows biphasic kinetics with a rate up to 500 nmoles/min/g w.w. (wet weight) for the fast phase and half of this rate for the slow phase. The apparent Km is 0.125 mM for the fast rate and 0.24 mM for the slow rate. The rate of reduction is proportional to cell concentration. Inhibition of the rate by glycolysis inhibitors indicates the reduction is dependent on glycolysis, which contributes the cytoplasmic electron donor NADH. Ferricyanide reduction is shown to take place on the outside of cells for it is affected by external pH and agents which react with the external surface. Ferricyanide reduction is accompanied by proton release from the cells. For each mole of ferricyanide reduced, 2.3 moles of protons are released. It is, therefore, concluded that a transmembrane redox system in HeLa cells is coupled to proton gradient generation across the membrane. We propose that this redox system may be an energy source for control of membrane function in HeLa cells. The promotion of cell growth by ferricyanide (0.33-0.1 mM), which can partially replace serum as a growth factor, strongly supports this hypothesis. PMID- 6537439 TI - The specific IgM response in rats genetically selected for high or low serum IgM level. AB - The IgM response to SRBC in a line of rats selected for high serum IgM was higher and lasted longer than that in a line of rats selected for low IgM, while the response to TNP-LPS was similar at its peak in the two lines but persisted longer in the 'high' line. The difference between the lines is therefore more likely to be at the macrophage and/or the T cell level than at the B cell level. PMID- 6537440 TI - Difficult temperament and drug use: analyses from the New York Longitudinal Study. PMID- 6537441 TI - Effects of teacher preparation and student age on an alcohol and drug education curriculum. PMID- 6537442 TI - A comparison of attitudes of parents and high school senior students regarding cigarette, alcohol and drug use. PMID- 6537443 TI - Time series design to evaluate effectiveness of methadone maintenance intervention. PMID- 6537444 TI - Drug abuse examples and methodological considerations in inexpensive computerized path diagramming. PMID- 6537445 TI - An experimental evaluation of a drug education course. PMID- 6537446 TI - [Proceedings of the 57th annual meeting of the Japan Association of Industrial Health. Abstracts]. PMID- 6537447 TI - [The problem of the complications of diabetes]. PMID- 6537449 TI - The nonsharing of medical knowledge among spiritualist healers and their patients: a contribution to the study of intra-cultural diversity and practitioner-patient relationship. PMID- 6537448 TI - The concept of 'neutral' in humoral medical systems. PMID- 6537450 TI - Cultural forces in the formation of the Saudi medical role. PMID- 6537451 TI - [1st National Congress of the Italian Society of Social Psychiatry--I. Rome, 7-8 May 1984]. PMID- 6537452 TI - [Uremic toxins. Chromatographic profiles of substances of low and medium molecular weight]. PMID- 6537453 TI - [Uremic toxins. Mechanisms of excretion, diffusibility through membranes and rate of storage]. PMID- 6537454 TI - [Calcium antagonists: pharmacological cardiovascular effects of nifedipine]. PMID- 6537455 TI - Early effects of cyclophosphamide on plasma iron and ferrokinetics in mice. PMID- 6537457 TI - [Chronic anemia, pneumococcal pneumonia, shock and death]. PMID- 6537456 TI - [In vitro granulopoiesis for the diagnosis and treatment of aplastic anemia of probable immunologic origin]. PMID- 6537458 TI - [Mechanism and medical significance of cellular lysis induced by complement]. PMID- 6537459 TI - [A common denominator related to medical progress]. PMID- 6537460 TI - [Respiratory muscle fatigue]. PMID- 6537461 TI - [Lupus nephritis: treatment with intravenous pulses of methylprednisolone and cyclophosphamide]. PMID- 6537462 TI - [Antirabies vaccine for human use from suckling rat brain]. PMID- 6537463 TI - Gestural communication in deaf children: the effects and noneffects of parental input on early language development. AB - We previously reported that deaf children of hearing parents can develop a gestural communication system with some of the observed properties of early child language. In the present study, this phenomenon of gesture creation was replicated in four deaf children aged 1-4 to 3-1 at the time of the first interview. Each child, despite his atypical language-learning conditions (in particular his lack of usable conventional linguistic input, either oral or manual), developed a gesture system comparable in semantic content and structure (specifically, constructional ordering of elements, differential probabilities of production of elements, and recursive concatenation of semantic relations) to the gestural systems of the six deaf children of hearing parents in our original study and comparable as well to the spoken and sign systems of children acquiring conventional languages under typical learning conditions. This phenomenon suggests that the human child has strong biases to communicate in language-like ways. Nevertheless, it is possible that the deaf child's hearing parents, and not the child himself, were responsible for the emergence of the child's structured (yet idiosyncratic) gesture system. To investigate this possibility, we considered three possible parental influences on the child's sentence structures. First, we entertained the hypothesis that the children's sign sentences were merely imitations (perhaps even uncomprehending imitations) of a hearing adult's immediately preceding gestures. Second, we considered the possibility that the regularities underlying the deaf children's structured sign sentences were induced from their hearing parents' gestures taken in toto. Finally, we considered the possibility that the deaf children's sign sentences had been shaped by their parents' responses to those sentences. We found no evidence to support any of these hypotheses. The data reported in this series of studies confirm that deaf children lacking a conventional linguistic input can develop a gestural communication system that shows some of the structural regularities characteristic of early child language. The results suggest that communication with a number of language-like properties can develop in a markedly atypical language-learning environment, even without a tutor's modeling or shaping the structural aspects of the communication. The data are consistent with the hypothesis that the deaf child himself plays a seminal role in the emergence of the structural aspects of these communication systems. PMID- 6537464 TI - [Treatment of luxations and angular and rotational deformities of the hip joint in spastics]. PMID- 6537465 TI - [Long-term follow-up of children with surgery for hydrocephalus in infancy]. PMID- 6537466 TI - [Paranoid states in epileptics]. PMID- 6537467 TI - Alteration of sulfatide synthesis in control and Trembler mice during Wallerian degeneration and remyelination. AB - Sulfatide synthesis from sulfate is much greater in the peripheral nerves of the Trembler mouse. After nerve transection, during Wallerian degeneration, this synthesis rate drops down very rapidly in both normal and Trembler mice. Twenty four hours after permanent transection, the rate of synthesis is reduced by 80% in the mutant and 50% in the normal mouse. Four days after transection, the synthesis rate in the Trembler is only 9% of that observed in intact nerves, and 21% of that in the intact nerves of normal animals. After 5 d the synthesis remains constant. Thus, enhanced synthesis of sulfatides in the Trembler mouse is probably not caused by Wallerian degeneration. After crush of the sciatic nerve, the synthesis rate decreases very rapidly in the normal mouse as it does after permanent transection. But during regeneration, from the 7th day, it rises dramatically and 14 d after crush, a 2.5-fold increase in the synthesis rate is observed, compared to that in the contralateral control nerve. This synthesis rate returns to normal 1 mo after crush. In the Trembler, the synthesis decreases for 2 d after crush and increases from then on, eventually reaching the value of the contralateral control Trembler nerve within 2 mo. In the mutant there is no prominent peak of sulfatide synthesis during regeneration. PMID- 6537468 TI - Phospholipid content and composition of human meningiomas. AB - The content and distribution of phospholipids, as well as their fatty acid composition, were studied in 16 human meningiomas in comparison with normal leptomeninges. The total phospholipid content of tumors (expressed as organic phosphorus/mg DNA) was similar to that of the tissue from which they originated. The same phospholipid classes were present in both tissues, but with a different pattern: an increase of phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylcholine and a decrease of sphingomyelin and alkenyl-acyl phosphatidylethanolamine were detected in meningiomas. Stearic, palmitic, and oleic acids were the major phospholipid fatty acids in both leptomeninges and meningiomas. However, remarkable differences between the fatty acid composition of the two tissues were shown. The most striking difference is a marked increase of unsaturated fatty acids in tumors associated with a decrease of saturated forms. This feature is common to all major phospholipid classes. The possible significance and role of phospholipid modifications in the functional properties of meningioma plasma membrane is discussed. PMID- 6537469 TI - Atypical nonketotic hyperglycinemia with a defective glycine transport system in nervous tissue. AB - The biochemical characteristics of a patient with most of the clinical symptoms of nonketotic-hyperglycinemia have been studied. Despite the extremely low plasma/cerebrospinal fluid glycine ratio of the patient, typical of the nonketotic syndrome, at autopsy we found no enhancement of glycine levels in brain and glycine cleavage enzyme activities in the brain and liver that were similar to those of a control newborn. In order to ascertain the basic defect responsible for glycine accumulation in the cerebrospinal fluid and for the neurological damage, we examined the possible existence of altered glycine transport systems in nervous cells. Our findings indicate that (1) low and high affinity, Na+-dependent transport systems for glycine can be detected in both rat and control human postmortem tissue and (2) the low affinity glycine transport system is absent in the brain of the patient, whereas an alteration of transport systems occurs in the patient's spinal cord, probably involving the high-affinity component. These alterations could account for the clinical features of the patient. Since the feasibility of determining glycine transport parameters in postmortem tissue has been established, we think it would be of interest to investigate such systems in cases where the etiology of hyperglycinemia is not clear. PMID- 6537470 TI - Modulation of avian muscarinic cholinergic high affinity binding sites by a neurotoxic organophosphate. AB - A systematic survey of a series of high affinity binding sites in the forebrain of hens treated with a neurotoxic organophosphate has been carried out. Fourteen month old laying hens were treated with 750 mg/kg body weight triorthocresyl phosphate (TOCP) orally in gelatin capsules. Control birds received empty capsules. After 21 d, hens were killed and forebrain membrane fractions prepared for binding studies using the nitrocellulose filtration method. Incubations were carried out in the presence of low concentrations of pharmacological agents selective for certain classes of receptor sites. Nonspecific binding was characterized by simultaneous incubations in the presence of excess competing unlabeled ligands. Binding criteria that were satisfied in a prior study included specificity, saturability, and attainment of equilibrium during incubation. No significant change was found in treated hens assayed for dopaminergic, GABA, glycinergic, beta-adrenergic, and benzodiazepine receptors. However, a 30% reduction in binding of 3H-quinuclidinyl benzilate was apparent in TOCP-treated hens. These data implied a selective reduction of muscarinic receptors, suggesting a down-regulation in response to cholinergic hyperactivity. This dose of TOCP also caused paralysis and ataxia in all treated hens 21 d after exposure to the toxicant. These data demonstrate that a selective lesion in cholinergic neurotransmitter circuitry can be caused by a single administration of TOCP. PMID- 6537471 TI - Characterization of laser-induced fluorescence in the canine retinal pigment epithelium. AB - The adult retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) exhibits fluorescence caused by various cytoplasmic flurophors and by lipofuscin. Microscopic investigations of fluorescence generally utilize continuum excitation sources (xenon, mercury) and varying filter combinations. Consequently, discrepant emission characteristics are often encountered in the literature. In the present study, an epi fluorescence microscope linked to a laser source with defined excitation characteristics was used to examine fluorescence in normal, adult canine RPE. Excitation at 337 nm produced maximal fluorescence at 450 nm (blue), while excitation at 439 nm induced 550 nm (yellow) fluorescence. Continuous exposure of cells to 439 nm light caused an initial rapid reduction of intensity, with a subsequent slower decrease of the signal. After solvent extraction, fluorescence at 600 and 650 nm showed no major alterations relative to the values recorded at 550 nm. Our findings demonstrate that varying excitation wavelengths produce discrepant fluorescence data from RPE cells and indicate caution in direct comparisons between experiments where different excitation sources and filter combinations are used. PMID- 6537472 TI - Childhood epilepsy in the Department of Child Health Dr. Pirngadi Hospital Medan. PMID- 6537473 TI - Kerosene intoxication in Dr. Pirngadi Hospital Medan, Indonesia. PMID- 6537474 TI - Effect of vitamin A supplementation on the serum levels of some immunoglobulins in vitamin A deficient children. PMID- 6537475 TI - Dengue shock syndrome. An evaluation of clinical experiences. PMID- 6537476 TI - Cholelithiasis in children. PMID- 6537477 TI - [Histoenzymatic and ultrastructural aspects of mitochondrial myopathy (mitochondriopathy)]. PMID- 6537478 TI - [Cytological aspects of primary pulmonary carcinomas on percutaneous fine-needle aspirates. Contribution of 74 cases]. PMID- 6537479 TI - [Malignant neoplasms of the esophago-gastro-intestinal tract in the province of Sassari 1970-1982]. PMID- 6537480 TI - [Congenital defects caused by amniotic bands]. PMID- 6537481 TI - Immature malignant teratoma in a newborn. A case report. PMID- 6537482 TI - Intrathoracic extramedullary hematopoiesis. Report of a case in a patient with hereditary spherocytosis. PMID- 6537483 TI - [Lymphangiosarcoma arising on a lymphedematous arm in a mastectomy patient (or Stewart-Treves syndrome). Description of a case with optic microscopy and electron microscopy findings]. PMID- 6537484 TI - [Pathology in art]. PMID- 6537485 TI - [Lateral motor nucleus in the lumbosacral segment of the spinal cord of the horse]. AB - Two medullae oblongatae of horses were cut into 15 microns cross-sections and stained according to the modified method of Nissel. The lateral motor nucleus lies in the lateral and median part of the ventral column of spinal cord grey matter. It adjoins medially nucleus motorius medialis of the spinal ventral column. Cells of this nucleus occur both along the whole lumbar and sacral segment of the spinal cord. In the lateral motor nucleus three cell groups are distinguished - median, basal and lateral. The latter is divided in some segments into subgroups - dorsal and ventral. Along the nucleus quite numerous constrictions and intervals are found, which are caused by various numbers of cells in particular cross-sections. Nucleus motorius lateralis is formed mainly of large and medium multipolar or single spindle cells. PMID- 6537486 TI - [Medial motor nucleus in the lumbosacral segment of the spinal cord of the horse]. AB - The studies carried out on 2 spinal cords of horses showed that cells of the medial motor nucleus (nucleus motorius medialis) are present in all neuromers of the lumbar and sacral segment of the spinal cord. It lies in the medial part of grey matter of the ventral column, neighbouring laterally and ventrally with cells of the lateral motor nucleus, whereas dorsally with cells of the nucleus of the ventral commissural horn. Along the nucleus numerous constrictions and intervals are found, which are connected with various numbers of nerve cells in particular cross-sections. PMID- 6537487 TI - [Biological and allergenic properties of various strains of Mycobacterium avium and atypical Mycobacterium isolated from swine]. AB - Thirty two strains of Myc. avium showing typical or atypical cultural and biochemical properties, and 8 strains of atypical bacilli, belonging to II, III and IV Runyon's groups, were inoculated into guinea-pigs, rabbits and chickens. All the Myc. avium strains were not pathogenic for guinea-pigs but were very virulent to rabbits and chickens. The atypical bacilli were not pathogenic for all the animals to be used, but some of them induced tuberculin allergy. Myc. avium, Myc. fortuitum, strain of scotochromogenic bacilli--all isolated from pigs and Myc. avium D4, were used for study of the sensitizing properties. The experiments were performed on albinotic guinea-pigs sensitized intramuscularly and young pigs sensitized per os. The results showed that avian bacilli possessed much stronger sensitizing properties than Myc. fortuitum or scotochromogenic bacilli. Tuberculin allergy caused by atypical bacilli usually lasts for a short time. However, infection of pigs with atypical bacilli can sometimes allergical diagnosis of swine tuberculosis difficult. PMID- 6537488 TI - [Characteristics and variability of microflora of popular steamed sausage during post-production preservation]. AB - The quantitative level and variability of microorganism groups of sanitary character, occurring in common sausage in the post-production period of storing at different temperatures was determined. Eleven microorganism groups were determined, taking into consideration the following variation factors: three storing temperatures (4 degrees, 10 degrees and 20 degrees C), progressing storing periods up to 120 hr, two different production sites, two year's seasons. With the time of storing the number of microorganisms was found to increase the faster the higher the temperature was. Significant differences in contamination between the temperatures were observed after 24 hr for 20 degrees C, and after 96 hr for 10 degrees C. A similar relationship was found for proteolytic, psychrophilic, greening microorganisms and fungi. On analysing the effect of the storing period it was found: for 4 degrees - absence of variation of total contamination till 96 hr, for 10 degrees - till 48 hr, and for 20 degrees C - till 24 hr. At 4 degrees C a slow growth, frequently insignificant even up to 120 hr, of other microorganisms was found. At 10 degrees C differences were observed after 48-78 hr, and at 20 degrees C frequently as early as after 24 hr. From the summary of the per cent number, the individual groups of microorganisms in general contamination after 120 hr of storing, a considerable increase in the number of proteolytic microflora can be concluded. The correlation of quantitative variations in storing between total contamination and some selected microorganisms groups was significant in all cases. PMID- 6537489 TI - [Dynamics of decomposition processes in popular steamed sausage preserved under different conditions]. AB - The studies were carried out to determine the dynamics of decomposition processes of common sausage kept at three temperatures (4, 10 and 20 degrees C) for about 120 hr. Moreover, two different production sites and two year's seasons as variation factors were taken into consideration. The following decomposition indicators as durability standards were assumed: pH values, quantitative level of ammonia and hydrogen sulfide and organoleptic changes. Temperature and periods of sausage storing were the factors of statistically significant variation of sausage pH as well as ammonia and hydrogen sulfide quantitative levels. Significally higher values of these indicators, however were found only for sausages kept at 20 degrees C, as compared with the sausages at 4 and 10 degrees C, between which no significant differences occurred. In organoleptic evaluation of sausages kept at 4 for 120 hr, the particular characteristics were on the level of approved edibility; at 10 degrees C the sausages reached their edibility limit, i.e. 3.0 points, after 96 hr, and at 20 degrees C the time limit was 48 hr. PMID- 6537491 TI - [Effect of various environmental factors on the incidence of mastitis in cows and implementation of prevention programs]. AB - The analysis carried out aimed at obtaining numerical data concerning the environmental conditions and finding about whether their improvement would contribute to control mastitis. Examinations of the environmental conditions were made seven times during the year, and mastitis was found in 2,088 cows of the black and white breed in 12 cowsheds of the state farms in the Szczecin district. The analysis resulted in gradual improvement of zoo sanitary conditions and in a decrease of mastitis cases. This correlation was proved statistically. A characteristic correlation was found between the sanitary state and infection intensity r = 0,948, between the sanitary state aNd irritation intensity of this gland r = 0,945. Moreover, the duration of udder dryness in cows was analysed. In 50,43% of the cows examined the period of dryness was short. In these cows the intensity of infection was higher (81,7%) than in cows with a normal period of dryness (33,5%). PMID- 6537490 TI - [Cytogenetic studies of crossing of the wild boar (Sus scrofa ferus) and the domestic pig (Sus scrofa dom.)]. AB - In cytogenetic studies on 2 domestic sows (male) crossed with a wild boar (female) karyotype 2n = 37, XX was found. The localization of G brands permitted to confirm that the submetacentric chromosome in the hybrids inherited from the European wild boar corresponds to 2 acrocentric chromosomes of pair 15 and 17 fused by centromeres in the domestic pig. Both sows had regular, 18-day sexual cycles. After covering with the wild boar they become pregnant and gave birth to alive progeny. Polymorphism of chromosomes in Suidae and its relation to the effects of hybridization is discussed. PMID- 6537492 TI - [An attempt at demonstrating the participation of autoaggressive processes in the pathogenesis of periodic eye inflammation in horses]. AB - In the studies attempts were to demonstrate the occurrence of immunological reactivity against antigens of the lens and tunica vascularis of the eye in periodical inflammation of eyes in horses. For this purpose antigens from the lens and tunica vascularis of the eye, prepared in our laboratory, were used in the experiments. The reactivity of horses with monthly symptoms of blindness against the above antigens was determined in vivo (skin tests and PCA) and in vitro (ID reaction). The results obtained mainly in skin tests account for its occurrence in some percentage of diseased animals, because in 24 horses examined in this direction six instant reactions and seven semi-retarded reactions against the lens antigens were obtained. Positive reactions against antigens of tunica vascularis were observed in nine and eight cases, respectively. No positive reactions were observed in PCA, whereas in ID reaction specific antibodies against lens antigens were found only in two cases. PMID- 6537493 TI - [Hyperlipidemia in swine immunized with lapinized vaccine and live swine plague virus]. AB - The purpose of the studies was to show the relationships between secondary hyperlipaemia and post-vaccination nephritis induced by lapinized vaccine with additional infection with the living virus of pig plague and the virus itself. CT, CF, LT, FFA and LP fractions were studied in the serum of blood taken from the vena cava cranialis from piglets weighing 30 - 40 kg, of the large white breed. In the animals of group 1, in the initial series a, series b - immunized with lapinized vaccine, series c - immunized and infected with virulent viruses, and also in group 2d - infected with the virus itself, the concentration of the lipids mentioned above was studied by the methods used elsewhere. The kidneys of the animals in series c and group 2d were examined histopathologically, staining them with h.e. and oil red solution neutral to fats. Multifocal inflammation reaction with the presence of fine-grained lipids were found. Particularly in group 2d the pathomorphological image, by its intensiveness and extensiveness pointed to severe inefficiency of kidneys. In series b and c of group 1a linear increase in the concentration of the lipids studies was found, as compared with series a. Hyperlipaemia was most distinctly marked in group 2d. This leads to the conclusion that hyperlipaemia may occur in severe viral nephritis. The extention of hyperlipaemia depends on the degree of the organ damage, which was more advanced in group 2d than in series c of group 1. Vaccination with lapinized vaccine caused a moderate increase of lipids in blood serum, which oscillated on the line of significance. PMID- 6537494 TI - [Buffer systems, protein and electrolyte levels and erythrocyte indices in calves fed with beestings and milk substitutes]. AB - By the method of Astrup were determined: pH of the blood, HCO3, act. pCO2, PO2, BB, BE, SO2, in a flame photometer: the concentration of Na+, K+, Ca++, Mg++, erythrocyte indices by the methods commonly used. Calves from cows fed with balanced feeds were born in a state of breathing acidosis at blood pH about 7.30 and at 26 mEq of bicarbonates concentration. Calves from cows fed with ensilages were born in a state of metabolic acidosis with blood pH 7.14 and HCO-3 act. - 14 mEq. Feeding with beestings alkalized the blood, increasing its pH from 0.06 to 0.11 and the concentration of bicarbonates which are the main regulators of acid basic equilibrium in newborn calves. The concentration of sodium, potassium, calcium, chlorides and protein increased slightly despite a distinct hydration of the blood. Administration of a milk-substitute aggravated acidification of the organism and caused passing of physiological breathing acidosis to the state of metabolic acidosis. On using the milk-substitute, hydration of the blood occurred and the level of the other parameters determined decreased. Milk-substitutes should not be given calves in their early period of life. PMID- 6537495 TI - [Experimental studies of the localization of neural centers in the ovaries and fallopian tubes in cows]. AB - For the studies 4 sexually mature cows were used, in which ovaria and oviducts were cut out bilaterally or unilaterally. The fourth cow was the control of the experiment. The operated animals were kept alive for 21 days and then slaughtered. For studies were taken: the brain stem, spinal cord from the segments Th9 - Th13 and L1 - S4, bilateral spinal ganglions, bilaterally the sympathetic chain from the segment Th10 - S4, and also ganglions and visceral plexi, anterior mesenteric, intermesenteric, posterior mesenteric, hypogastric and pelvic. The material was fixed in alcohol, embedded in paraffin and cut into 15 micron sections. The sections were stained by Nissel's method. For examinations subsequent sections were taken. Due to the operations performed degeneration changes occurred in nervous cells in the central and peripheral nervous system. They were the basis for determination of the localization of the nervous centres for ovarium and oviduct. The source of preganglionic sympathetic visceromotor fibres for these organs is nucleus intermediolateralis in the segment L2 - L3. The sympathetic postganglionic fibres originate from cells of the sympathetic chain from L1 to L3 and from the posterior mesenteric ganglion and hypogastric plexus. The source of parasympathetic fibres for ovarium and oviduct are cells of nucleus parasympathicus nervi vagi in the segment located somewhat posteriorly from obex. The source of viscerosensory fibres for the discussed parts of the sexual organs in the cow are cells of the spinal ganglions in the segment Th9 - Th13 and cells of nucleus tractus spinocerebellaris dorsalis localized in neuromers L2 and L3. PMID- 6537496 TI - [Adrenergic fibers in the suspensory system of the ovary in the swine]. AB - The purpose of this paper was to study adrenergic innervation of mesovarium in the pig. The studies were carried out on material from 5 immature sows weighing about 35 kg of the Polish large white breed. The mesovaria taken were stretched on microslides of Cimble type and treated with glyoxylic acid. After filtering off the excessive reagent, drying and roasting at 80 degrees C, the preparations were examined under the fluorescence microscope. For adrenergic nerves, according to the cryteria commonly used, only those were taken which demonstrated green fluorescence. In the suspensory apparatus of ovarium in the pig the presence of numerous adrenergic nerves was found, which, because of their location and course, can be divided into two groups: adrenergic nerves the course of which is associated with that of blood vessels and those running independently in mesovarium. The studies have shown that mesovarium and ovarium of the pig are richly innervated with adrenergic nerves. PMID- 6537497 TI - Effects of X and Y chromosomes on body size and shape. Anthropometric studies of 45,X females, 46,XY females, 46,XX males, 47,XXY males, and 47,XYY males. PMID- 6537498 TI - Dental caries in children in relation to its determinants. An epidemiological study of Finnish rural children. PMID- 6537499 TI - Caries in deciduous teeth and public dental care in Finland. PMID- 6537500 TI - The role of the mandibular condyle in the facial growth. PMID- 6537501 TI - Flow rate, pH, and lactobacillus and yeast counts of stimulated whole saliva in adults. PMID- 6537502 TI - A Freudian look at radiology. PMID- 6537503 TI - Metaphor, medicine, and medical education. PMID- 6537505 TI - Notes of a Lewis Thomas watcher: emerging intellectual unities. PMID- 6537504 TI - Placebos, patients, and physicians. PMID- 6537506 TI - The ethics of brain death: thoughts of a neurosurgeon considering retirement. PMID- 6537507 TI - Poetry, adolescence, and suicide. PMID- 6537508 TI - Effect of ethanol on calcium metabolism in rat erythrocyte ghosts. AB - A metallochromic indicator dye Arsenazo III (Az) was employed to study the effect of ethanol on calcium metabolism in rat erythrocyte ghosts. Addition of 10-150 mM ethanol to a ghost suspension induced a concentration dependent increase in calcium-Arsenazo III (Ca-Az) complex absorbance. Similar results were obtained when ghost suspensions contained (1-10 mM) theophylline. The effect of both, ethanol and theophylline was not observed if the ghosts were pre-treated with 50 microM dantrolene. Theophylline has been reported to stimulate the intracellular release of calcium in a number of cell types and the drug dantrolene is known to inhibit the intracellular release of calcium from the skeletal muscle and nerve cells. These results suggest that ethanol may release calcium from intracellular sites in these ghosts. PMID- 6537509 TI - Influence of structure on the reduction of nitroxide MRI contrast-enhancing agents by ascorbate. AB - With an eye toward the design of new nitroxide-based magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents, the effect of ring size and the presence of proximate polar groups on the rate of reduction of cyclic nitroxides by the biologically relevant reducing agent ascorbate ion have been determined. To the extent that reduction by ascorbate ion is indicative of the behavior of nitroxides toward other in vivo reducing agents, our results indicate that saturated five-membered cyclic nitroxides are to be preferred over smaller or larger ring sizes or acyclic nitroxides. Proximate polar groups tend to enhance the susceptibility toward reduction by ascorbate. PMID- 6537510 TI - Focused hyperthermia with a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) unit and an interstitial grounded probe. AB - The feasibility of using a commercial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanner to do either imaging or hyperthermic treatment was demonstrated. Radiofrequency (RF) induced focal heating of phantoms and animal tissues was performed using a MRI scanner as the RF power source and a grounded interstitial probe as a device to produce hyperthermia via eddy current convergence. In the therapeutic mode, a pulse width of 900 microseconds and interval of 50 ms were used to give 2% duty cycle (closest simulation to continuous wave (CW) mode without bypassing imaging filters). Temperature in the vicinity of the grounded probe was measured with a field nonperturbing fluoroptic probe. Temperatures increased 4.5 degrees C in 5 minutes in a dielectrically uniform phantom, 3.1 degrees C in 6.7 minutes in rats' leg muscles, and 5.0 degrees C in 6.0 minutes in rats' peritoneum. The MRI of the phantom with the grounded probe and the fluoroptic probe was obtained using spin echo sequences. The potential advantage of this approach is visualization of deep-seated tumors and hyperthermic treatment with minimal modification of the MRI scanner. PMID- 6537511 TI - Frozen hydrated cryosections of thallium loaded muscle reveal subcellular potassium binding sites. PMID- 6537512 TI - Potassium retention in membraneless thymus lymphocyte nuclei. AB - Nonionic detergents, Triton X-100 and Brij 58, removed lipoid membranes of suspended thymus lymphocytes within 5 minutes. The mobilization and solubilization of cytoplasmic and nuclear proteins occurred much faster (less than 5 minutes) with Triton X-100 treatment than with Brij 58 treatment (less than 10 minutes). In Triton X-100 treated cells the loss of K+ was complete within 5 minutes whereas with Brij 58 treatment the K+ loss was not complete after 10 minutes. Thus, the high concentration of K+ and the low concentration of Na+ in the nuclei can remain near normal for minutes in the absence of membrane structures. If the ions were in free solution within the cells, disruption of membrane integrity should lead to equilibration of the ions with external media within seconds. The decrease of K+ in the Brij 58 treated cells with exposure time was correlated with the solubilization of the proteins. These results support the view that K+ and Na+ are not freely dissolved in the cellular water, but are co-compartmentalized with proteins inside the living cell. PMID- 6537513 TI - Nuclear-cytoplasmic distribution of ions in the hepatocyte. AB - To determine if nuclear/cytoplasmic (N/C) gradients of ions exist in mammalian hepatocytes, as has been shown to exist in the amphibian oocyte, small pieces of mouse liver were cryofixed for energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis of Na, K and Cl in thin freeze-dried cryosections. Expressing the data on a dry weight basis showed small but significant N/C gradients for Na and K but not for Cl. When the data were expressed on a wet weight basis no significant N/C gradients of Na, K or Cl were revealed. Questions of data interpretation are discussed. PMID- 6537514 TI - Age differences in water maze performance and swimming behavior in the rat. AB - This study was designed to determine the earliest age at which a water maze task could be used to measure learning in rats. In Experiment 1, 24 litters of Sprague Dawley rats were used. Eight litters per group were tested beginning at 18, 28, or 38 days of age for their ability to learn a positional discrimination in a Y shaped water maze. Results indicated that the 28 day olds were better able to learn the task than were the 18 or 38 day groups. Performance by the 38 day olds was impaired by an immobilization response. This response is known to be influenced by catecholaminergically-active drugs [18, 19, 20], and may result from ongoing maturation in these systems. The difference in learning abilities between the 18 day and 28 day groups was further investigated in Experiment 2. In this study, 24 litters of Sprague-Dawley rats were tested for acquisition of the discrimination at 18, 20, or 22 days of age. At each age, 8 litters were tested. Results showed that significant improvements in the ability to learn the Y-maze task occurred between 20 and 22 days of age. Results of both experiments suggest that this measure of learning may be employed in rats as young as 22 days of age, but should be avoided in 38 day old rats. PMID- 6537516 TI - Influence of ambient temperature on the sleep-wakefulness cycle in the golden hamster. AB - The sleep-wakefulness cycle (SWC) of euthermic golden hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus) after 5 weeks of warm (30 degrees C) and of cold (5 degrees C) acclimation, was recorded at ambient temperatures between 5 degrees and 35 degrees C. Significant influences both of acclimation and of recording temperature were detected. Amount of paradoxical sleep (P%) after warm acclimation was maximal at 30 degrees C decreasing markedly at lower and higher temperatures. Variations in P% were mainly consequent to alterations in the frequency of occurrence of paradoxical sleep (PS) episodes. After cold acclimation (CA) P% was maximal at 20 degrees C but no strong decreases occurred at lower temperatures. Influences of CA upon SWC were already detectable after 3 days of cold exposure. Significant individual differences as well as strong fluctuations in P% during CA occurred. Acute oscillations in abdominal temperature along the SWC were recorded. Reductions in abdominal temperature during PS episodes, in relation to ambient temperature and to the length of the episode tended to occur. PMID- 6537515 TI - Feeding behavior during experimentally induced obesity in monkeys. AB - In order to investigate the effects of the induction and remission of obesity on feeding behavior, male rhesus monkeys were made obese by sustained intragastric (IG) feeding of a complete liquid diet. Intragastric diet infusion levels of 100, 125, 145, and 165% of the baseline oral intake of each monkey were successively administered. During the initial overfeeding period (100% of the baseline oral intake), at least one week was required to reduce voluntary oral intake to less than 25% of the baseline levels and complete suppression of oral intake did not occur. This increased total caloric intake (IG infusion plus oral intake) resulted in a rapid rate of weight gain of at least 5 times the baseline rate. With successive increases in caloric infusion level, oral intake was eventually suppressed, and rapid weight gain was sustained. When the IG infusion was abruptly terminated after 50 to 130 days, 3 monkeys refused all food for 14 to 35 days. The monkeys' oral intakes stabilized three to ten weeks after the end of the overfeeding period. The length of this period prior to the resumption of normal oral intake was not related to length of overfeeding nor to the amount of weight gained. The monkeys' body weights dropped rapidly in the initial post overfeeding period and then stabilized, sometimes at levels higher than their baseline body weights. In 2 monkeys, at the end of overfeeding the amounts infused were gradually reduced in order to determine the calories required to maintain their body weights at peak levels. Significantly fewer kcal/kg were required to maintain peak body weights than were ingested during the baseline periods. PMID- 6537517 TI - Classical contingencies in rats with hippocampal lesions. AB - Hippocampal, cortical and sham lesioned rats were trained to discriminate between two odors, in non-contingent, partially contingent, and perfectly contingent schedules. In the non-contingent situation both odors signaled shock with probability of 0.5. In the partially contingent situation one odor signaled shock with probability of 0.5 and the other "no shock" with probability of 1. In the perfectly contingent situation one odor signaled shock and the other "no shock" with probabilities of 1. In the non-contingent schedule none of the three surgical groups evidenced learning, in the partially and perfectly contingent cases the hippocampally lesioned animals performed so as to indicate greater learning of the aversion than did the cortically lesioned or the sham operated animals. It is suggested that the behavior of animals with hippocampal lesions is more sensitive to contingencies than that of normal animals. PMID- 6537518 TI - Sampling of orbital sinus blood closely reflects brain ethanol content in rats. AB - It was demonstrated that the aerial righting reflex can be used as an index of acute ethanol-induced impairment of motor coordination in rats, and was found to directly correlate with blood ethanol content from the infraorbital plexus. A study of ethanol within the blood and its distribution in brain regions showed that the ethanol content of orbital sinus blood closely reflected that in the cerebral cortex, midbrain, and cerebellum. Ethanol administration by intraperitoneal (IP) injection (2, 3 or 4 g/kg) produced the same distribution as 24 hr ethanol vapor inhalation (28 mg/l). Blood ethanol concentrations were slightly higher than brain ethanol concentrations when measured at 10, 30, and 60 min after IP injection and immediately following ethanol vapor administration. Also, in rats 48 hr following ethanol vapor inhalation when tolerance to ethanol is exhibited, the distribution and concentrations of ethanol in blood and brain from acute ethanol (2 g/kg, IP) were unaltered when compared with controls. These data suggest that ethanol distribution within the brain does not play a role in the phenomenon of tolerance to ethanol. PMID- 6537519 TI - Temperature preference of genetically obese (ob/ob) mice. AB - Genetically obese (ob/ob) and lean mice selected their preferred ambient temperature in a thermal gradient. Preferred ambient temperature was defined as that ambient temperature which the mice selected for sleep during daylight hours. Lean mice selected a temperature of 31.2 degrees C which resulted in a body temperature (36.7 degrees C) not greatly different from the pretest body temperature of 36.4 degrees C. Obese mice selected 29.4 degrees C which resulted in a body temperature of 36.8 degrees C, 1.8 degrees C above the pretest body temperature of 35.0 degrees C. These data indicate that obese mice select an ambient temperature that results in a body temperature no different from that of lean mice. The selection by obese animals of an ambient temperature significantly lower than that of lean mice but which results in the same body temperature may reflect an effect of adiposity on heat loss. There is no evidence of a diminished thermoregulatory set-point in obese mice. PMID- 6537520 TI - Effects of calcitonin, parathyroid hormone and its related fragments on acquisition of active avoidance behavior. AB - The acquisition of active avoidance response was studied in rats injected intracerebroventricularly with calcitonin (CT), parathyroid hormone (PTH) or PTH related fragments. PTH and PTH65-84 facilitated the acquisition of shuttle-box active avoidance behavior as indicated by the number of conditioned avoidance responses and the percentage of animals reaching the learning criterion. PTH1-34 and PTH44-68, on the contrary, inhibited the acquisition of active avoidance behavior, while CT totally suppressed this behavior in the rat. It is possible that the opposite effects of PTH and CT on learning ability of the rat depend on a different action on calcium metabolism. PMID- 6537521 TI - Effect of procurement cost on the drinking of a saccharin-sucrose solution by non deprived rats. AB - Four non-deprived female rats were required to run in a wheel to obtain 20 min unconstrained access to a saccharin and sucrose solution. Each was run in a series of conditions in which the requirement was a proportion (0.25, 0.5, 1.0, 1.25 and 1.5) of the amount of running performed in a condition in which the wheel alone was available. A condition in which no running was required to gain access to the solution and one in which the subject was locked in the stationary wheel for the time taken to complete the highest requirement before being allowed access to the solution were also included. The results showed that as the requirement increased the amount of solution consumed also increased, and this relationship did not depend on the time taken to perform the requirement. PMID- 6537522 TI - Effect of procurement wheel running on the rate of drinking in rats. AB - Four rats, 22.5 hr deprived of water, were tested in 3 conditions, in which they were required to run zero, 5 or 300 one-sixth revolutions in a wheel to gain 30 min access to water in a drinking tube. The number of licks performed in the 30 min increased monotonically with the procurement cost, and was 20% greater following the larger cost than when there was no cost. However, examination of the rates of drinking throughout the 30 min revealed that differences occurred between the conditions only at the beginning of the period. In the first 3 min there was a monotonic relationship between the proportion of time spent drinking and the procurement cost, but no effect of the cost on the rate could be detected after the first 6 min. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that the effect is mediated by a transient elevation of the subject's arousal level. PMID- 6537523 TI - The maternal pheromone and deoxycholic acid in the survival of preweanling rats. AB - Preweanling rats selectively approach and consume pheromone-containing maternal feces. This selectivity suggests that the consumption of maternal feces might be important for the growing pup. We tested the hypothesis that such feces, because of their high deoxycholic acid content, may protect against acute enteritis. A series of experiments was carried out in which pups were denied access to maternal feces. These pups died more often from acute enteritis than control pups. Additional confirmation of the hypothesis was obtained when feces-denied young fed deoxycholic acid showed a significantly lower mortality than feces denied young fed laboratory chow alone. PMID- 6537524 TI - The role of jejunal signals in the long-term regulation of food intake in the rat. AB - The significance of the upper small intestine in long-term regulation of food intake was investigated in pairs of parabiotic rats in which a 30 cm transected segment of each rat's intestine was sewn into continuity with the intestine of its partner. In this preparation, food eaten by one rat passes through its own stomach and 5 cm of its duodenum and then moves into the partner's intestine. The food traverses the 30 cm segment of the partner's intestine before returning to its own lower small intestine. All pairs were fed a liquid diet 11 hr/day. When the regular diet was diluted 1:1 with water, all rats showed a significant, nearly compensatory increase in their daily intake. In contrast, when only one rat in each pair was fed, thereby depriving it of intrajejunal input from its fasted partner, there was no significant increase in its food intake for about six days, followed by a gradual increase which was never fully compensatory as shown by continued loss of weight for the pair. Feeding rats could not be trained to notice the loss of intrajejunal input by making such loss coincident with a change in diet flavor. Jejunal satiety cues arising from a 30 cm segment, if they exist, do not seem to play a significant role in long-term regulation of food intake. PMID- 6537526 TI - Testosterone dependent effects of caffeine on social investigation by adult male rats. AB - The testosterone determinants of caffeine induced increases in locomotor activity and social investigation by adult rats was investigated. In all groups where testosterone levels were high (intact or sham castrate adult males or castrate males receiving testosterone replacement) caffeine increased the social investigation of a novel juvenile rat. In condition where androgen levels were low (adult females, castrate males and castrate males receiving oil injections) social investigation was not affected by caffeine. In contrast, locomotor activity was increased by caffeine in all treatment groups. Thus, testosterone has behaviorally specific effects on the caffeine responsiveness of the rat. PMID- 6537525 TI - Comparison of gastric, duodenal and jejunal contributions to the inhibition of food intake in the rat. AB - Rats equipped with tubes leading to their stomach, duodenum or jejunum were infused with a liquid diet for 9 hr (4 ml/hr) and were allowed to eat during the last 8 hr of infusion. All rats ate significantly less on diet infusion days than on saline or no infusion days. A second study showed that a taste aversion could not be conditioned to flavored water associated with diet infusion. Apparently, intrajejunal injection of nutrients produces satiety and not discomfort. Infusion of the diet for 5 consecutive days into the stomach, duodenum or jejunum consistently and significantly lowered food intake by reducing meal size, not meal frequency. Results suggest that the small intestine below the infusion site contributes to normal satiety. PMID- 6537527 TI - Activation of brain regions in rats during food-intake operant behavior. AB - The central nervous structures involved in bar pressing and feeding behavior during food-intake operant behavior were investigated in rats by the [14C] deoxyglucose ( [14C]-DG) autoradiographic technique. During bar pressing behavior, the [14C]-DG incorporation increased in the sensory-motor cortex, ventromedial thalamus, zona incerta, pars reticulata of substantia nigra, ligular cortex of the cerebellum and the reticular formation of the medulla. On the other hand, an increase of the [14C]-DG incorporation induced by feeding behavior was observed in the fornix, medial forebrain bundle, parietal cortex, trigeminal nuclei and the solitary nuclei. PMID- 6537528 TI - Age-related decline in cold tolerance can be retarded by brain stimulation. AB - The sharp decline in capacity of old C57BL/6J male mice to maintain body temperature during 3-hr cold exposure can be delayed and even partly restored after 15, 30-min, daily sessions of hypothalamic self-stimulation. In control experiments it was demonstrated that electrical stimulation of "rewarding" areas of hypothalamus itself is sufficient for improvement of the age-related deterioration of thermoregulatory ability. PMID- 6537529 TI - Guanethidine sympathectomy does not prevent meal-induced increases in the weight or oxygen consumption of brown fat. AB - The interscapular brown adipose tissue (BAT) of adult rats that were neonatally sympathectomized with guanethidine (GUA) consumed less oxygen but weighed the same as BAT from intact controls. In response to a 2-hr mixed-constituent meal, BAT from sympathectomized and control rats showed similar increases in oxygen uptake and weight. These data suggest that some functions of BAT can be maintained even without sympathetic stimulation. PMID- 6537530 TI - Spike and wave complexes produced by four hallucinogenic compounds in the cat. AB - The ability of four hallucinogenic compounds: ketamine, phencyclidine, quipazine and SKF-10,047 to produce spike and wave activity in the limbic system, was studied in cats with permanently implanted electrodes. Electronic frequency integrators were used to analyze the results and the percent of change in electrographic alterations was calculated. All the compounds studied, produced trains of 6/sec spike and waves complexes in the cingulum, rapid synchronous discharges in the amygdaloid complex, and slow wave synchronous activity and spiking in the septal areas. At low but hallucinatory concentrations of these drugs, the cortical EEG was not affected. Exploratory movements directed toward non-existent objects, classified as hallucinatory-like behavior, appeared simultaneous with these changes in the EEG recordings. It was concluded that there could exist a relationship between the appearance of 6/sec spike and wave complexes in the cingulum and the presence of hallucinations, produced by some synthetic drugs in the cat, this activity could be interpreted as the spreading of altered function of limbic and non-limbic nuclei related with this bundle which explain unspecificity of action. PMID- 6537531 TI - Discriminative control of hyperdipsic drinking in the baboon. AB - A baboon subject was surgically prepared with an arterial catheter and subsequently trained to elevate diastolic blood pressure with an operant schedule of food procurement and shock avoidance with associated discriminative stimuli. Blood pressure elevations developed in accordance with the requirements of the conditioning procedure. In addition, large-scale increases in water intake occurred on days when the conditioning sessions were in effect. Both blood pressure and water intake elevations were maintained when the conditioning procedure was changed to eliminate food reinforcement. Electrical monitoring of water spout contacts revealed that drinking occurred exclusively during response produced SDS associated with food delivery, and did not occur either during response-produced SDS associated with electric shock, or during intertrial intervals. Because acute elevations in blood pressure preceded licking bouts, the drinking was not producing the pressor episodes. Overall, the data illustrate that drinking can occur in a systematic manner under the control of exteroceptive discriminative stimuli during non-skeletal response contingencies. PMID- 6537532 TI - [Dexamethasone test in endogenous depression]. PMID- 6537533 TI - [Clinico-pneumoencephalographic correlations in patients with psycho-organic syndromes]. PMID- 6537534 TI - [Symptomatology of the initial psychotic signs in schizophrenia diagnosed at onset as a pseudoneurotic syndrome]. PMID- 6537535 TI - [Diagnosis of the family of schizophrenic patients]. PMID- 6537536 TI - Physicians as patients: a comparative study of attitudes of physicians and non physicians. PMID- 6537537 TI - Schizophrenic patients' attitudes toward their former illness. AB - This study deals with the question what schizophrenic patients think about their psychosis after remission. Literature is reviewed and the results of a standard study of 40 remitted patients are presented. Integrating ways of assimilation are separated from isolating ones. The way of assimilation is rather independent of the duration of illness, hospitalization, treatment, and their particular social situation. The method of psychotherapeutic treatment to be applied in a certain case has to take the individual way of assimilation into account. Possibilities of refined indication will have to be considered. PMID- 6537538 TI - Factors associated with 'masked' psychological illness in the elderly. AB - In order to elucidate the 'masked' nature of psychiatric illness in the elderly, subjects attending a suburban community day centre were screened for organic and functional psychological illness and also administered an illness behaviour questionnaire. For those subjects, non-organically impaired, the probable functional psychiatric cases were compared with the other attenders. There were no differences between the groups on the scales indicating denial and psychological mindedness, but the probable cases scored significantly higher on affective inhibition, indicating a conscious suppression of feelings. These findings not only provide objective data which support the previous clinically observed 'masked' nature of psychological illness in the elderly, but also give the clinician guidance in elucidating such 'masked' illness. PMID- 6537539 TI - Some critical thoughts on expressed emotion. AB - After a brief description of the principal findings which emerge from the studies on expressed emotion (EE), the author puts forward a few critical thoughts based on a systemic orientation. He explains why the variable EE evaluated on the basis of the Camberwell Family Interview (CFI) does not sufficiently reflect the dynamic reality of the family interactions and, in particular, he criticizes the establishment of a linear causality relationship between family EE and the development of the individual illness. He shows the limitations of psycho educational programmes while acknowledging their place in the overall supportive family therapies. PMID- 6537540 TI - World Health Organization Schedule for Standardized Assessment of Depressive Disorders (WHO/SADD-5). Item combinations and interobserver reliability. AB - In this study we have examined four parts of the 5th revision of the World Health Organization schedule for Standardized Assessment of Depressive Disorders (WHO/SADD-5): (I) items that cover the present depressive state; (II) items that cover the psychiatric history; (III) a global assessment scale for the severity of depression, and (IV) the current ICD-9 diagnosis. Our analysis was based on a comparison of the interobserver reliability of item combinations leading to DSM III, RDC, Newcastle and Melancholia Scale classifications of patients with depressive disorders. To facilitate these combinations we had added 4 items to SADD: (a) quality of depression, (b) persistence of depression, (c) reactivity of symptoms, and (d) accusations of others. Our results showed that WHO/SADD-5 has an acceptable degree of interobserver reliability both at the levels of global assessment of severity of depression and ICD-9 diagnosis, whereas the item combinations obtained lower intraclass coefficients. However, the items analysis focused on two SADD subscales of acceptable interobserver reliability: a severity scale of 16 items selected from our Melancholia Scale, and a diagnostic scale of another 10 items selected from the two Newcastle Scales. PMID- 6537541 TI - Generalized anxiety or depression measured by the Hamilton Anxiety Scale and the Melancholia Scale in patients before and after cardiac surgery. AB - We have examined the applicability of the Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAS) and our Melancholia Scale (MES) on a group of patients suffering from cardiac disease. They were assessed before surgery and again 1, 3, and 6 months after the operation. The results showed that the median for this group of patients even preoperatively was below the cut-off scores for both rating scales with a monotonous fall in score on the follow-ups. Item analysis showed that it was the psychic or cognitive symptoms of the HAS rather than the somatic symptoms of anxiety that explained the score variation. On the MES it was symptoms like depressed mood, psychic anxiety, pains, emotional and intellectual retardation rather than symptoms of guilt, motor retardation or suicidal impulses that were present. From both scales a total of 10 items emerged which were considered to measure generalized anxiety (Generalized Anxiety Scale). When the patients were classified into groups by a global assessment according to their ability to verbalize preoperative anxiety it was found that patients who were less able to verbalize had the lowest rating scale score. It was argued that preoperative anxiety is an introspective perception of fluctuating somatic manifestations of anxiety, whereas the rating scale procedure focuses on the persistent or cognitive part of anxiety which mostly is retrospectively perceived. PMID- 6537542 TI - The psychopathology of 'late schizophrenia'. AB - We investigated the clinical features of schizophrenic syndromes first manifested after the age of 50. By comparison with the schizophrenic syndromes first manifested before the 50th year of life we found: late schizophrenia is characterized by rich psychotic productive syndromes (delusions and hallucinations); disturbances of thought are rare; depression, euphoria and anxiety show no difference between the two groups; females are much more represented than males; social isolation is not more common in late schizophrenia than in non-late schizophrenia. PMID- 6537543 TI - First rank symptoms and diagnosis of schizophrenia in developing countries. AB - Schneider's first rank symptoms (FRS) among schizophrenics in Karachi are compared with samples from Saudi Arabia and the UK. Although the incidence of one or more FRS were very close to Saudi Arabia, the individual FRS were different, and somatic passivity was similar to the UK. It is concluded that cultural factors are more important than religious affinity in determining symptomatology. The results could be due to selection of schizophrenic patients on Western parameters. The place of FRS in developing countries and the changing concept of schizophrenia is discussed. PMID- 6537544 TI - Heterogeneity of delusional syndromes: diagnostic criteria and course prognosis. AB - In addition to genetic findings and treatment response, the course prognosis is also meant to be a possible validating criterion for diagnosis and diagnostic systems. In our study we used the polydiagnostic approach (i.e. the simultaneous application of various criteria for diagnosing a given disorder to one and the same population) to test the ability of several diagnostic systems to create homogeneous groups regarding the course (episodic/chronic). We applied Schneider's FRS, ICD-9, DSM-III, Spitzer's RDC and the Vienna Research Criteria to 90 patients with the diagnosis of delusional syndrome (aside from any nosological classification), who underwent 6-9 years of follow-up. At the index examination, schizophrenia was most frequently diagnosed with Schneider's FRS, which apparently encompasses a very heterogeneous group of patients regarding psychopathology and course. Diagnostic systems which allowed the diagnosis of affective disorders despite the presence of mood-incongruent delusional symptomatology (DSM-III, RDC, Vienna Criteria) or offered the diagnosis of schizoaffective disorder (DSM-III, RDC) succeeded in separating subgroups with an episodic course on a statistically significant level. In ICD-9 this significance appeared only after exclusion of the schizoaffective cases from the group of schizophrenias. Our data thus uphold the old rule of thumb that affective symptomatology apparently has a very high prognostic value regarding the course of the illness and is in this respect superior to productive symptomatology (such as delusions and hallucinations), still taken to be pathognomonic for schizophrenia by some of the diagnostic criteria under study. This aspect warrants further investigation and should be taken into account in the development and improvement of diagnostic manuals (e.g. ICD-10, DSM-IV). PMID- 6537545 TI - A cognitive-behavioral study of self-reported stress factors in migraine headache. AB - Self-reported stress factors in migraine headache were examined from a cognitive behavioral point of view. 18 migraine patients completed the Rathus Assertiveness Schedule and the Fear Survey Schedule. In addition, the migraine sufferers reported on all factors, either psychological or physical, which they felt were associated with headaches, answered a 'secondary gain' question, and completed a set of questions composed by the author. In conflict with more traditional viewpoints, migraine sufferers do not report themselves to be atypically reactive to ambiguity, uncertainty, or major life changes. Factors which do appear to be involved are quite diverse, and include tension over performed assertiveness behaviors, concern with perfectionism and evaluation, and reactions to small life changes. The impossibility of a cause and effect analysis is noted, and the quantity of reported stress factors is discussed as an argument for the author's concept of homeostatic reconditioning. PMID- 6537546 TI - [Association of ferritin with the CEA test in post-operative monitoring of colo rectal, breast and stomach carcinomas]. AB - On the basis of more than 3,000 tests carried out on 1,561 patients suffering from suspected or certain malignant tumours, the authors established the necessity of CEA test in post-operative follow-ups, according to the plentiful literature regarding this matter. New tumoral markers led the authors to verify if it was useful to associate the ferritin to CEA test. From the results and the statistical data, they concluded that it was useful to associate the two markers only in negative CEA test when confronted with clinical suspected metastatic diffusion. PMID- 6537548 TI - [Contribution to the definition of reference values of various enzymes in the cerebrospinal fluid]. AB - The authors studied the behaviour of a few cerebrospinal fluid enzymes (GOT, GPT, LDH, ALP, CK, gamma-GT, PCHE) obtained from 26 patients without neurologic diseases. The stability of the enzymes has been verified in experimental various conditions, after store of the samples at different times and temperatures. This research has been carried in order to contribute to the determination of the reference values and to relieve their possible alterations. PMID- 6537547 TI - [Levels of free and conjugated catecholamines in amniotic fluid and in umbilical and maternal blood in patients undergoing cesarean section]. AB - A new radioenzymatic assay was used to evaluate free and conjugate catecholamines in six pregnant women who underwent cesarean section at term, in their newborns and in the amniotic fluid. Free adrenaline in maternal plasma was higher while noradrenaline and dopamine were lower at the moment of surgery than 24 hours before the operation. In umbilical plasma adrenaline and noradrenaline are higher than in maternal plasma while only traces of free dopamine and salsolinol are present. In the amniotic fluid high levels of free and conjugated salsolinol are found. The high level of free and conjugated catecholamines found in the umbilical plasma demonstrates that fetal sympathetic nervous system is strongly activated at delivery. Furthermore the presence of sulfoconjugating activity similar to that of the adult is confirmed. PMID- 6537549 TI - [Blood myoglobin in children with progressive muscular dystrophy and in carriers]. AB - We studied the behaviour of serum myoglobin in 32 children affected by Duchenne muscular dystrophy, in 30 mothers (10 definite carriers and 20 possible carriers), in 5 sisters (possible carriers) and in 40 healthy women (control). The serum myoglobin was always increased in the patients affected by Duchenne muscular dystrophy; the greatest values were in the patients who were still ambulant, with a behaviour similar to creatine kinase. In the carriers the myoglobinemia showed a significant increase in definite carriers, while there was no significant difference between the possible carriers and the controls. PMID- 6537550 TI - [Research on the normal value of total blood cholesterol in the adult population of Palermo]. AB - We chose, as typical values of serum cholesterol, the mean levels of the unimodal distribution of frequency with asymmetrical form, for different age groups, from some quarters of Palermo. We assumed as normal range estimate the interval between the 2.5 and 97.5 percentiles, with associated nonparametric 90% confidence intervals for normal limits for the true percentile. For this biometric analysis of ethnic physiology, we controlled the laboratory measurements in several inspection cycles. As the observed frequencies are not a real statistical sample, neither the 95% of the actual reference population: we smoothed the observed frequencies interpolating, with an algebraic polynomial, the mean empiric levels (and the chosen percentiles) of total serum cholesterol of the examined population - since the measurements taken on Mondays, the days after holidays, in January and April were chosen to see, experimentally, how the collected data depend on environmental alimentary factors; the degree of polynomial which gave the best approximation was chosen, on the grounds of the variance analysis; we tested the goodness of fit of the function to the referred frequencies. Moreover, the choice of the function was based on: a) the test of the hypothesis that the dependent variable reading the various specific ages, is normal, so we estimated the kurtosis and the asymmetry of the single frequency distributions; b) the simulation of the hypothesis that the measurements were made at random from gaussian distribution, so that the variances homogeneity of the examined character at various specific ages was examined by Bartlett's test. To identify the stages within which the cholesterolemic levels vary, due to growth and to the sexual maturation, we formed three age groups for males and four for females, whose delimitation is not arbitrary, since the best interpolation of the mean levels observed within such delimited age groups was again obtained by an algebraic polynomial of 2nd degree. PMID- 6537551 TI - [Retrovirus, oncogenes and transformation]. AB - Mechanisms of retrovirus induced transformation have been intensively and successfully investigated in recent years. The most important consequence of the developed techniques and the information obtained is the demonstration of the presence in the normal invertebrate and vertebrate, including human, cells of genes capable of inducing neoplastic transformation. These cellular genes have been identified by hybridization of normal cellular DNA with retroviral transforming sequences and by the demonstration of the biological activity of cellular DNA from different tumors in mouse cell transfection assays. These genomic sequences have been called proto-oncogenes to distinguish them from their retroviral equivalents, to recall their cellular origin and to differentiate them from their activated oncogenic counterparts. The different mechanisms involved in the activation of proto-oncogenes include point mutation, deletion, promoter insertion, translocation and amplification. Recent evidence suggest that transformation is a multistep process in which different oncogenes may play different roles. PMID- 6537552 TI - [High levels of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in the serum of uremic patients under hemodialysis treatment]. AB - The serum concentration of CEA was measured twice, at intervals of 3 months, in 40 uremic patients on maintenance hemodialysis. None of them had evidence of malignancy or of any other non-malignant condition known to affect serum CEA. 111 normal adults acted as controls. The mean serum concentration of the substance was significantly higher in hemodialyzed patients (5.32 +/- 3.68 ng/ml) than in controls (1.98 +/- 1.1 ng/ml) (P less than 0.001). Levels above normal were present in 40% and in 4.5% of the cases respectively (P less than 0.0005). Comparable results were obtained at the second examination. No correlations with sex, age, underlying nephropathy, time on dialysis, or cigarette smoking were found. It is concluded that the measurement of CEA cannot be recommended as a reliable test in the screening of cancer among uremic patients on maintenance hemodialysis. PMID- 6537553 TI - [Screening for colo-rectal neoplasms by the study of fecal occult blood]. AB - Occult blood testing has been proposed as a screening tool for colorectal cancer. At the present time guaiac testing is considered the most suitable for mass screening. The specificity of the test is affected by diet. For this reason it is necessary to adhere to a meat-free diet while the necessity of eliminating peroxidase containing foods as uncooked vegetables and fruit is controversial. The sensitivity of guaiac test is affected by the intermittence of colorectal cancer bleeding, by the quantity of ascorbic acid and fibers in the diet and by the development modality of the test. The experience of the authors is based on a screening protocol applied on some populations in the province of Florence (Italy). The protocol is based on guaiac test and an anamnestic selection of high risk patients. 6029 patients have performed guaiac test. In 1159 patients, the results of occult blood testing and sigmoidoscopy have been compared. This analysis accounts for a predictive value of 50%, a specificity of 95.6%, and a sensitivity of 68% for carcinomas and 21.3% for adenomas. In conclusion, guaiac testing seems to warrant a good cost/benefit ratio but because its sensitivity is too low, it is necessary to include other selective tools (the anamnestic questionnaire) as well as an over-all major effort in the research of more sensitive ways of testing. PMID- 6537554 TI - [Granulocyte function in Duchenne's progressive muscular dystrophy]. AB - We studied the in vitro function of polymorphonuclear leukocytes in 14 patients affected by Duchenne muscular dystrophy, aged 2-14 years, especially the chemotaxis and the bactericidal activity. The chemotaxis appeared significantly reduced, while the bactericidal activity was sometimes reduced, sometimes increased. In this disease the polymorphonuclear leukocytes seems to have a reduced capacity of movement; probably this phenomenon is connected with an alteration of the muscular cellular apparatus, which perhaps is related with an electrolytic intercellular inequality. These findings are consistent with the definition of Duchenne muscular dystrophy as a systemic disease of the membrane with alterations not only of striped muscular fibers, but of various cells and tissues. PMID- 6537555 TI - Selected proceedings, IV International Congress, World Federation of Public Health Associations. Quest for community health: experiences in primary care. February 19-24, 1984, Tel Aviv, Israel. PMID- 6537556 TI - Quest for community health: what lessons have we learned? PMID- 6537557 TI - Meeting the challenge of health for all: the indispensable contribution of national public health associations. PMID- 6537558 TI - Leavell lecture: Family and community health: the need for application. PMID- 6537559 TI - Health maintenance of the chronically ill on a primary care level. PMID- 6537560 TI - A programme to promote breast feeding in a socio-economically disadvantaged area of Cape Town, Republic of South Africa. PMID- 6537561 TI - Regionalization of health care in a defined area--Belgium. PMID- 6537562 TI - Multiple interventions: a lesson on utility and weakness--Dominican Republic. PMID- 6537563 TI - Overview--lessons learned from experience in several African countries. PMID- 6537564 TI - Farm health: a model system of primary health care. PMID- 6537565 TI - Lessons learned in organizing, managing, and financing programs--Sierra Leone. PMID- 6537566 TI - Overview--experience and community participation count in Guatemala. PMID- 6537567 TI - Health education in a peri-urban setting: the Somolu experience--Nigeria. PMID- 6537568 TI - "Failure to thrive": lessons for health service development. PMID- 6537570 TI - The PRICOR Project: applications of operations research in PHC planning in developing countries. PMID- 6537569 TI - Primary health care progress and problems. PMID- 6537571 TI - Local health insurance supplementing national efforts--Nepal. PMID- 6537572 TI - Overview--lessons learned in developing human resources for primary health care. PMID- 6537573 TI - Project for Strengthening Health Delivery Systems (SHDS) in Central and West Africa: applied research program. PMID- 6537574 TI - Post-basic community primary health care nursing preparation at Beer Sheva. PMID- 6537575 TI - Training leaders for primary health care: a formula for success. PMID- 6537576 TI - Training traditional birth attendants in rural Zaire. PMID- 6537577 TI - Nutritional assessment at village-level. PMID- 6537578 TI - Community participation in health action through structured problem solving: lessons learned in the socio-health program of the Togo Rural Water Project. PMID- 6537579 TI - Overview--community participation in primary health care: a means or an end? PMID- 6537580 TI - Community and local involvement in the control of infectious diseases in infancy- Gaza. PMID- 6537581 TI - Health through improved communication--experiences in Zaire. PMID- 6537582 TI - Community participation in a community and family-based primary health care program. PMID- 6537583 TI - Integration of mental health services and the community in Gaza. PMID- 6537584 TI - The role of hospitals in primary health care. PMID- 6537585 TI - The Imo Project: water, sanitation, and health at the grassroots. PMID- 6537586 TI - Overview--integration: a process, not a solution. PMID- 6537587 TI - Child health services in Gaza--an experiment in integration. PMID- 6537588 TI - The role of information in primary health care. PMID- 6537589 TI - The development of health services in Israel and in Judaea/Samaria: lessons learned. PMID- 6537590 TI - The Panay Unified Services for Health (PUSH) Project: a Philippines experience in primary health care. PMID- 6537591 TI - Computed tomography of accessory spleens. AB - Computed tomography's (CT) ability to detect accessory spleens was assessed using histopathologically proven cases. CT proved to be a sensitive procedure for detecting accessory spleens that were 10 mm or larger in diameter and located in the left upper quadrant. PMID- 6537592 TI - Neurofibroma of the esophagus. AB - The authors describe a 50-year-old patient who was found to have a neurofibroma arising at the middle esophagus. The diagnosis of neurofibroma is based on endoscopy and roentgenology; however, it is necessary to base the exact diagnosis on endoscopical biopsy. PMID- 6537593 TI - Adult adrenal neuroblastoma with extension into inferior vena cava. AB - An adult left adrenal neuroblastoma that extended into the left renal vein and inferior vena cava is reported. To the best of our knowledge, venous involvement of adrenal tumors has been reported in adrenal cortical carcinomas, but not in neuroblastomas. Differentiation of renal and adrenal tumors is also discussed. PMID- 6537594 TI - Non-Hodgkin's lymphomas involving Waldeyer's ring: a proposal for clinical categorization. AB - The clinicopathologic data of 97 patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphomas involving Waldeyer's ring were retrospectively reviewed. Age, sex, the site of involvement within Waldeyer's ring, and Rappaport's histological classification played little role in the prognosis. Although the Ann Arbor staging classification was the only factor that correlated with the patients' prognoses (stage I vs stage II, p less than 0.01; stage II vs stage III + IV, p less than 0.02), it is not considered the ideal classification. The survival rates of stage II patients, who comprised about 60% of the entire group, was quite different due to their cervical node status. That is, 33 patients with bulky cervical nodes (4 cm in diameter or more) or bilateral cervical nodes had significantly poorer survival rates than 24 patients with small unilateral cervical nodes (p less than 0.001). The survival curve of the former group was similar to that of the stage III and IV patients, whereas the survival curve of the latter group was similar to that of the stage I patients. Lymphography, which was performed for 72 patients in this series, is not considered essential. From these results, we recommend the categorization of patients with malignant lymphomas involving Waldeyer's ring into two major groups according to cervical and inguinal node status in order to assess treatment methods. That is, patients with bulky or bilateral cervical lymph nodes or those with inguinal lymphadenopathy and patients without any lymphadenopathy or those with minimal unilateral cervical nodes alone. PMID- 6537595 TI - Trials of combined radiation and hyperthermia with various heating modalities in cancer therapy. AB - A microwave heating apparatus with a frequency of 2,450 MHz and an inductive radio-frequency heating apparatus were developed for hyperthermia for cancer therapy, and clinical trials of combined radiation and hyperthermia were conducted. During the same period, a capacitive type radiofrequency unit was used. The tumors included superficial tumors, cancer of the uterine cervix, recurrent tumors at the stump of the cervix, and some deep-seated tumors. Cases showing complete response were as follows: 5 out of 13 cases treated with 2,450 MHz heating for superficial tumors, 8 out of 17 cases treated with 2,450 MHz intracavitary heating, and 2 out of 15 cases treated with radiofrequency heating. A feasibility study of various heating modalities was performed. PMID- 6537596 TI - Intrarectal hyperthermia of circumferential rectal cancer. Report of 2 cases. AB - An intrarectal microwave (2,450 MHz) applicator was designed for hyperthermia of rectal cancer. Combined treatment of hyperthermia and irradiation was applied in two selected cases. The lesions of case 1 regressed completely, but cancer cells were still present after treatment in case 2. Such hyperthermia is useful for other circumferential cancers such as those of the esophagus and biliary tract. Combined hyperthermia and irradiation are an effective means of achieving therapeutic gains. PMID- 6537597 TI - Growth characteristics of Leishmania spp. in semi-defined and complex media. PMID- 6537598 TI - [Ultrastructure of the pineal organ of Crypturellus parvirostris Wagler, 1897 (Aves. Tinamiformes)]. PMID- 6537600 TI - [Vaginal delivery in twin pregnancy]. PMID- 6537599 TI - [Sensitivity of mammography in cancer of the breast. Computed statistical study of 2,000 examinations]. PMID- 6537601 TI - [Cancer of the ovary and pregnancy. A clinical case]. PMID- 6537602 TI - [Maternal-fetal prognosis based on mean arterial blood pressure in the 2d trimester of pregnancy]. PMID- 6537604 TI - [Aortic coarctation and pregnancy]. PMID- 6537603 TI - [Contraception with progesterone pellets during lactation]. PMID- 6537605 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of non-obstructive vesico-ureteral reflux in adults]. PMID- 6537606 TI - [Giant lymph node hyperplasia (Castleman's disease)]. PMID- 6537607 TI - [Estrogens and breast cancer]. PMID- 6537608 TI - [Chemical diabetes and coronary disease]. PMID- 6537609 TI - [Diabetes education. Its therapeutic importance]. PMID- 6537610 TI - [The delta agent: another virus involved in the viral hepatitis etiology]. PMID- 6537611 TI - [The teaching hospital: a present need]. PMID- 6537612 TI - [Reoperations for biliary lithiasis. Approach to the hepatocholedochus via an antrum-pyloro-duodenal path]. PMID- 6537613 TI - [Absorption of iron from milk enriched with ferrous sulfate for the prevention of anemia in pregnancy]. PMID- 6537614 TI - [Clinical utility of serum T3 measurement in patients with primary hypothyroidism undergoing therapy with l-thyroxine]. PMID- 6537615 TI - [Tumors of the small intestine]. PMID- 6537616 TI - [Carcinoid tumors of the gastrointestinal tract]. PMID- 6537617 TI - [Severe hyperkalemia]. PMID- 6537618 TI - [Endomyocardial fibrosis: an anatomo-clinical case]. PMID- 6537619 TI - [Treatment of cardiovascular emergencies. II: Cardiopulmonary arrest and cardiopulmonary resuscitation]. PMID- 6537620 TI - [Biliary pathology and gastric cancer at the San Juan de Dios Hospital]. PMID- 6537621 TI - [Evaluation of the treatment of silicotuberculosis]. PMID- 6537622 TI - [Measures to prevent and correct accidental water pollution]. PMID- 6537623 TI - [Reactions in the meaning of relational psychopathology]. PMID- 6537624 TI - [Treatment of gastric and duodenal ulcers with an original liquid antacid]. PMID- 6537626 TI - [Factors determining the failure of initial tuberculostatic treatment]. PMID- 6537625 TI - [Results of antihypertensive treatment in hypertensive cardiopathy]. PMID- 6537627 TI - [Radio-clinical and surgical correlations in mechanical jaundice]. PMID- 6537628 TI - [Indications for surgical treatment in spinal fractures]. PMID- 6537629 TI - [Recurrent ulcer perforations]. PMID- 6537631 TI - [Influenza B in Moldavia (Romania) in the spring of 1984]. PMID- 6537630 TI - [Smoking habits among the teachers of a medical teaching institute]. PMID- 6537632 TI - [Evaluation of the risk factors for arterial hypertension in the epidemiological and clinical surveillance of the work area. III. Prospective data on the prevalence of hypertension limits and hypertension disease]. PMID- 6537633 TI - [Approach to the actual epidemiological processes of transmissible diseases by mathematical modelling]. PMID- 6537634 TI - [Comparative study of the antibiogram of primary and subcultures in diagnosing acute bronchopulmonary infections]. PMID- 6537635 TI - [Changes in the lysosomal enzymes during thyroid imbalance and alloxan diabetes]. PMID- 6537636 TI - [Action of rutoside and procaine-rutin on membrane potentials]. PMID- 6537637 TI - [Postnatal development of the vibrissal system in the rat]. PMID- 6537638 TI - [Pneumonias in Q fever]. PMID- 6537639 TI - [Significance of selected immunological parameters in the diagnosis and follow-up of systemic lupus erythematosus]. PMID- 6537640 TI - [Humoral immunologic profile in chronic hepatitis]. PMID- 6537641 TI - [Biochemical research in oral candidiasis]. PMID- 6537642 TI - [New 1,2-diazine derivatives with antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory action]. PMID- 6537643 TI - [New semisynthetic cephalosporin derivatives of oxime ethers]. PMID- 6537644 TI - [Pyeloureteral junction and aberrant vessel syndrome]. PMID- 6537645 TI - Malignant struma ovarii, diagnosed post menopause. PMID- 6537646 TI - [Volvulus of the gallbladder. Comments on a new case]. PMID- 6537647 TI - [Evolutive characteristics in renal hydatidosis]. PMID- 6537649 TI - [The role of the School of Public Health in the education of health personnel]. PMID- 6537648 TI - [Congenital mitral stenosis--comments on a clinical case]. PMID- 6537650 TI - [Health in the Americas, perspectives for the year 2000]. PMID- 6537651 TI - [Epidemiologic characteristics of ischemic heart disease in Belgrade 1975-1982]. PMID- 6537652 TI - [Characteristics and methods of treatment of chronic otitis in children]. PMID- 6537653 TI - [The value of computerized tomography in planning radiotherapy of malignant processes in the uterine cervix]. PMID- 6537654 TI - [Respiratory center activity in patients with bronchial asthma]. PMID- 6537655 TI - [Resistance of the skin to the effects of alkalies and acids in relation to the physiologic pH of the skin]. PMID- 6537657 TI - [A rare relationship between the vertebral artery (a. vertebralis) and the hypoglossal nerve (n. hypoglossus)]. PMID- 6537656 TI - [Electrophysiologic study of paroxysmal ventricular tachycardia resistant to drug therapy in evaluating treatment with an antitachycardia pacemaker]. PMID- 6537658 TI - [Acute pulmonary edema after a scorpion sting]. PMID- 6537659 TI - [Differential diagnosis of enlarged lymph glands in children]. PMID- 6537660 TI - Some thoughts on the value of saving lives. PMID- 6537661 TI - The humanities in medical education: entering the post-evangelical era. PMID- 6537662 TI - What does medicine contribute to ethics? PMID- 6537663 TI - Towards a concept of shared autonomy. PMID- 6537664 TI - The practice of medical ethics: a structuralistic approach. PMID- 6537665 TI - Sandra Day O'Connor and the justification of abortion. PMID- 6537666 TI - Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis associated with a pheochromocytoma. AB - A 22-year-old male patient with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis(FSGS) associated with a pheochromocytoma is reported. Immunofluorescence study of the kidney biopsy specimen demonstrated segmental depositions of IgM, C3 and fibrinogen. Alteration of glomerular basement membrane(GBM) with fibrin strands and platelet aggregates was observed by electron microscopic examination. Administration of prednisolone had no effect on massive proteinuria, but surgical removal of the tumor promptly reduced proteinuria. It was suggested that FSGS can develop in patients with pheochromocytomas, and local hypercoagulation might be responsible for the development of this lesion. PMID- 6537667 TI - Polarographic measurement of misonidazole in mouse mammary tumors. AB - The sensitizing effect of misonidazole, a hypoxic cell radiosensitizer, is presumed to be due to its strong electron affinity. The concentration of misonidazole in mouse mammary tumors was measured polarographically in vivo. When 1 mg of misonidazole per gram body weight was administered intraperitoneally to C3H/He mice, 0.5-0.75 mM of misonidazole was observed in the tumors 25-60 min later. The distribution of misonidazole in the tumors varied, but the mean concentrations were not significantly different except in the necrotic area and the central-superficial region, where the concentration of misonidazole tended to be lower than in the other regions. No differences in the concentration of misonidazole were observed in tumors with diameters ranging from 4 to 11 mm. The polarographic measurement of misonidazole in vivo is technically simple and can be applied to the study of hypoxic cells in tumor tissue. PMID- 6537668 TI - Light microscopic and electron microscopic study on morphologic features resulting in the delay of ICG elimination in diabetic and non-diabetic fatty liver. AB - Disturbances of intravenously administered indocyanin green (ICG) elimination are related to the effective circulating blood volume and the amount of binding protein for transportation in blood plasma through the liver because of the narrowed sinusoidal space due to the enlarged liver cells with fullness of confluent fat droplets in the cytoplasma. However, morphologic changes of the liver resulting in disturbances of ICG elimination could not be actually clarified until the present. Therefore, morphologic changes of the liver resulting in delayed ICG elimination in fatty liver, occurring in diabetes mellitus were investigated in contrast with those in fatty liver in non-diabetic, non-alcoholic diseases of the liver. An electron microscopic study of the liver with delayed ICG elimination revealed thickening and amorphous growth of the sinusoidal wall with obscure pores followed by membraneous formation, narrowness of Disse's space, rarefaction of sinusoidal microvilli and proliferation of collagen fibers, in fatty livers derived from both diabetes mellitus and other diseases. The term "intrasinusoidal block" in fatty liver should be utilized on the basis of these electron microscopic features of the liver. PMID- 6537669 TI - Autopsy findings in maintenance hemodialysis patients. AB - From March, 1976 to June, 1983, 22 patients (10 males, 12 females) treated by maintenance hemodialysis were autopsied in our department. Primary diseases of the autopsied cases were chronic glomerulonephritis (12 cases), diabetes mellitus (three cases), hydronephrosis (three cases), systematic lupus erythematosus (two cases), myeloma kidney (one case) and atherosclerosing nephropathy (one case). Direct causes of death in maintenance hemodialysis patients were bleeding (six cases), uremia (three cases), infection (three cases), carcinoma (four cases), heart failure (two cases), myocardial infarction (one case), brain ischemia (one case), cardiac tamponade (one case) and unknown (one case). PMID- 6537670 TI - The effect of naloxone on C-fiber reflex in cats. AB - The specific opiate antagonist naloxone rapidly reverses hypotension caused by endotoxin, hypovolemia and spinal transection. The fact that naloxone appears to act as a causative level to improve shock pathophysiology, as well as its extensive clinical use for opiate overdose, makes this drug a particularly clinical use for opiate overdose, makes this drug a particularly attractive potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of shock in humans. The electrophysiological effects of naloxone were studied on c-fiber reflex in spinal and intact cats. The drugs were injected in to the right cephalic vein. Results can be summarized as follows: Naloxone in the intact cat had a more pronounced facilitating effect than in the spinal cat. Naloxone given as a one shot injection was more potentiating than naloxone given as a 5 minute injection. Naloxone antagonized the facilitation of a small dose of ketamine-HCL in the intact cat and also the depression of a large dose ketamine-HCL. Naloxone antagonized capsaicin on c-fiber reflex. This result supports that naloxone has the antagonizable inhibitory effect of substance-P. Naloxone for the first injection had an effective response but additional naloxone did not facilitate the c-fiber reflex. PMID- 6537671 TI - A case of Behcet's disease associated with membranous nephropathy. AB - A 35-year-old female patient with Behcet's disease associated with nephrotic syndrome is described. Renal biopsy specimens revealed typical features of membranous nephropathy in light microscopical, electron microscopical and immunofluorescent microscopical examinations. Circulating immune complexes (IC) phagocytized by polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) in this patient were significantly increased compared with those in healthy adults. Recurrent oral aphthous ulcers had persisted for 14 years. In the course of Behcet's disease, nephrotic syndrome due to membranous nephropathy was observed. Depositions of IgA, IgM, C3 and C4 were observed in the subcutaneous arteriolar walls by immunofluorescence. It is suggested that the pathogenesis of Behcet's disease and membranous nephropathy might be due to a deposition of circulating immune complexes in various types of vascular vessels in this patient. PMID- 6537672 TI - Standard-deviation-index-pattern analysis of blood chemical data in health check ups for chronic liver disease. A clinico-pathological study. AB - Eighty-nine patients with chronic liver disease were selected as the subject for this study. These patients were found to have some abnormalities in health check ups and confirmed finally by biopsy or laparoscopy findings. As healthy controls, 1633 subjects who had no abnormalities in health checkups, were selected. Serum specimens in the fasting state were collected from all of these subjects, and twenty chemical items were assayed by an automatic analyzer. Data of the control group were transformed for each item and both sexes into the normal distribution by adopting the most suitable mathematical processing, and the standard deviation indices, SDI = (Xp - Xn)/SDn, were calculated. The items specific to each disease were decided by selecting those showing significant differences from the control group both in mean values and in distribution of SDI. Using these items, the specific SDI-patterns were obtained. By such processing it has been possible, to show every item on the same yardstick, to find significant deviations even within the normal range more quantitatively, and to find overall abnormalities of a subject at a glance. On account of these characteristic advantages, it is clear that this pattern presentation is efficient for the early recognition of pathophysiological states of subjects in health check-ups. PMID- 6537673 TI - Phasic patterns of transmission of a vibratory tone through the left ventricle. PMID- 6537674 TI - Unusual sudden death. AB - In contrast to usual sudden death seen in the course of coronary artery disease, individuals dying suddenly from other causes form a complex array of situations. In some the causes are readily identifiable. No simple pattern is available to identify the potential candidate, but on review of the many causes some moves by the physician may be helpful. For example, a more complete physical evaluation of young individuals participating in competitive athletics is in order. This is particularly true if the athlete reports an episode of unexplained syncope. This may well be the warning of a propensity towards sudden death under physical and emotional stress. Knowledge of the specific problems in underwater swimming and diving, in high altitude exposure and in various circumstances such as certain weight reduction diets and industrial exposures may lead to control of some types of unusual sudden death. Clearly, more studies are needed to give answers in so called crib death. As the incidence of usual sudden death falls, these unusual forms of sudden death will represent a more important fraction of sudden death in general. PMID- 6537675 TI - Arrhythmic syncope: what to do when ambulatory monitoring is non-diagnostic. AB - The two new methods for defining arrhythmic syncope described in this report represent important additions to the traditional syncope workup. Both techniques uncovered a substantial number of arrhythmic causes of syncope which had not been found by standard techniques. A major strength of each method is that symptoms can be directly related to the arrhythmia. The 68% incidence of diagnostic EPS abnormalities which we found was identical to the study of DiMarco but higher than reported by others (which have ranged from 12 to 48%) (18, 20, 21). More critical patient selection and more comprehensive study techniques most likely account for these differences. It is our opinion that a significant number of patients whose diagnosis was "syncope of undetermined etiology" in previous studies did indeed have an arrhythmic basis for their symptoms which was not identified. At this point the issue of "cost effectiveness" inevitably arises. Do all patients with syncope in whom a cause is not initially apparent (i.e., up to 50% of such patients) require either TTEM or EPS? The answer is obviously no, not for this whole population. However, the evident power of TTEM and EPS requires that the question should be raised. Furthermore, the results of the invasive EPS study strongly suggest that mortality and morbidity can be reduced. Table 11 shows the relative costs for all of the diagnostic tests for arrhythmic syncope. From this it can be seen that TTEM is quite inexpensive and therefore very cost effective. It is an ideal adjunct to 24 hour ambulatory monitoring in selected patients. Although invasive EPS studies are costly, it is not difficult to incur equal costs by use of several days of prolonged monitoring, especially if done in the hospital. Thus, in identified patients with abnormal but "not diagnostic" ambulatory monitoring studies, patients with abrupt syncope, patients with frequent symptoms or patients with known underlying heart disease, further evaluation with TTEM or EPS should be strongly considered. PMID- 6537676 TI - Cardiac risk factors in TIA patients. PMID- 6537678 TI - Technology assessment--the role of the American College of Physicians. PMID- 6537679 TI - Intellectual property rights--a modern debate with ancient roots. PMID- 6537677 TI - The renal hemodynamic consequences of experimental glomerulonephritis. PMID- 6537680 TI - On iron men in wooden ships: some thoughts on house staff training--1984. PMID- 6537681 TI - Patients with hereditary spherocytosis may have clinically significant iron overload when they are also heterozygous for hemochromatosis. PMID- 6537683 TI - A prospective study of urinary ligandin in patients at risk of renal tubular injury. AB - The urinary excretion of ligandin, a proximal tubular enzyme and binding protein, was measured by radioimmunoassay in eight normals, six patients receiving radiocontrast media, and six patients in a critical care unit who were considered at high risk for acute renal failure. Ligandinuria was found to occur normally at rates under 5 micrograms/hr. In the patients receiving radiocontrast media, abnormal rates of ligandinuria were found in four patients. In 102 ligandin measurements in the critically ill patients, rates of ligandinuria exceeded normal only once (after contrast media exposure) despite 13 identifiable episodes of potentially nephrotoxic circumstances and two episodes of acute renal failure. Ligandinuria appears more sensitive as a marker for tubular injury from contrast media than from other renal insults. PMID- 6537682 TI - The effects of essential fatty acid deficiency on pulmonary alveolar macrophage function. AB - Male rats were maintained for periods of up to 16 weeks on a fat free diet which was supplemented with either 4% tripalmitin (essential fatty acid [EFA] deficient) or with 4% safflower oil (SAFF, control). Pulmonary alveolar macrophages (PAM) were obtained by lung lavage. PAM from EFA deficient rats had reduced phagocytic activity and capacity. Intracellular killing of ingested yeast was also reduced by EFA deficiency. The activity of acid phosphatase, beta glucuronidase and cathepsin D from PAM was not altered by dietary treatment. Transmission electron microscopy failed to show any consistent morphologic differences between PAM from EFA deficient and SAFF animals, but did confirm the decreased phagocytosis by PAM from EFA deficient rats. However, scanning electron microscopy did show loss of pseudopodia in PAM from EFA deficient rats. EFA deficiency was demonstrated by analyzing the methyl esters of the fatty aids from the total lipid extract of PAM. The arachidonate content was decreased while the eicosatrienoate content was increased in PAM derived from rats fed the EFA deficient diet. In an effort to elucidate further the mechanism of action of EFA deficiency in impairing phagocytosis by PAM, inhibitors of various reactions which lead to oxygenated derivatives of arachidonate were studied using PAM from chow fed rats. Some of these inhibitors were effective in diminishing phagocytosis. Furthermore, PAM from these preparations when fixed in suspension and examined with scanning electron microscopy showed morphological changes similar to those seen in EFA deficiency. This similarity of surface ultrastructural changes suggests that EFA deficiency may impair phagocytic function of PAM by reducing availability of an oxygenated derivative of arachidonic acid. PMID- 6537684 TI - A mouse model for delayed-type hypersensitivity skin changes in chronic renal failure. AB - Cellular immunity in mice with chronic renal failure was assessed by delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) skin testing. Normal, sham-operated, and C57BL/6 mice with chronic renal failure were sensitized and challenged with oxazolone, a contact sensitizing agent. The magnitude of the DTH response was determined by sequential measurements of ear thickness following local challenge. Consistently lower DTH responses were observed in mice with chronic renal failure. DTH responses in mice with renal failure were highest at 48 hr postchallenge (9.3 +/- 1.3) but still significantly lower (p less than 0.05) than those in both sham-operated (12.9 +/- 0.7) and normal mice (12.6 +/- 1.0). When compared with those of the other groups, DTH responses of sham-operated animals were brisker (24 hr), while those of normal mice were more sustained (72 hr). These results confirm previously reported observations in end-stage renal disease patients. The mouse, along with appropriate skin testing, appears to be a useful model for studying cellular immunity in chronic renal failure. PMID- 6537685 TI - Concentration of blood coagulation factors by ultrafiltration in hollow fiber artificial kidney. AB - We have concentrated plasma coagulation factors by a process of ultrafiltration (UF) using a hollow fiber artificial kidney with applied negative pressure. The coagulation factors were concentrated by between 2.4 and 3.2 times, resulting in yields of 82-100%. There was no evidence of activation of coagulation factors as shown by approximately equal increases in the concentrations of all three moieties of factor VIII following ultrafiltration, and by the fact that plasma recalcification times post-UF were not increased. It is suggested that the concentrated plasma product from UF may be useful in replacement therapy. PMID- 6537686 TI - Diabinese-Dialume: a potential catastrophe. AB - An oral hypoglycemic drug (Diabinese-chlorpropamide) was given inadvertently to a nondiabetic with renal insufficiency instead of the prescribed phosphate binder (Dialume-aluminum hydroxide). It was determined from this situation that hemodialysis is of no benefit in removing the drug from serum; the hypoglycemic effect of chlorpropamide is profound in nondiabetics, and the duration of therapy with dextrose infusions can be quite prolonged. We provide recommendations regarding therapy, bedside glucose monitoring, and prevention. PMID- 6537687 TI - Single-needle venous dialysis: a comparison of three systems. AB - Single-needle dialysis with femoral vein access was performed on three patient groups using a pressure/time (Vital-Assist) device, a time/time device (Gambro, AK10), and a pressure/pressure device (Cobe Double Blood Pump). Each patient was dialyzed using the same parallel plate dialyzer (PPD 1.3). For each treatment, recirculation was calculated and the clearance of urea and creatinine was determined, both from dialysate content and A-V concentration differences. Recirculation was high (38%) with the Vital-Assist but under 10% with both AK10 and Double Blood Pump. The relatively higher blood flow of the Vital-Assist (180 ml/min) and lower blood flow of the AK10 (100 ml/min) resulted in comparable clearances of urea (80 ml/min) and creatinine (60 ml/min) for these two systems. The Double Blood Pump, with a blood flow of 140 ml/min achieved urea and creatinine clearances of 110 and 80 ml/min. The clearances actually measured were in good agreement with those predicted from theoretical considerations of recirculation and blood flow in a countercurrent dialysis system. PMID- 6537688 TI - Polycation as an alternative osmotic agent and phosphate binder in peritoneal dialysis. AB - We have previously shown that polyanions can be utilized to achieve balanced removal of sodium and water during peritoneal dialysis. The excessive binding of potassium, calcium, and magnesium to anionic polymers proves undesirable. The present study was designed to demonstrate the reversibility of cation binding by using a polycation (polyethylenimine) as the osmotic agent, thus favoring the removal of undesirable excess phosphate anions via peritoneal dialysis. Polyethylenimine shows a measurable affinity for phosphorus when present as dialysate in an in vitro system simulating peritoneal dialysis. The polycation also stimulates ultrafiltration across the rat peritoneum when present in dialysate. The polymer is toxic to the rat and light microscopy reveals gross morphological tissue alterations of the visceral mesothelium and associated organs. We have demonstrated that a polycation can give ultrafiltration with enhanced removal of phosphate. Although the polymer we chose as a prototype is toxic to the rat, other polycations should be studied. PMID- 6537689 TI - Acceleration of peritoneal solute transport by cytochalasin D. AB - Because cytochalasin D affects intercellular junctions the effect of this agent on peritoneal transport was investigated in normal rabbits. Using commercially available dialysis solution, short-term control peritoneal dialyses were compared in the same animals to dialyses in which cytochalasin D was added intraperitoneally. A dose (325-920 micrograms/kg) dependent increase in peritoneal clearances of urea (49% increment at high dose) and of creatinine (67% increment) occurred when cytochalasin D was added. When solute transport was highest at the maximal dose, osmotically induced ultrafiltration decreased significantly to 33% of control values. Cytochalasin D induces aberrations in solute transport that resemble those accompanying and occasionally following peritonitis. PMID- 6537690 TI - Effect of calcitonin on hemodialysis patients with hypercalcemia and renal osteodystrophy. AB - Because calcitonin administration has been shown to decrease the serum calcium level in certain hypercalcemic conditions, 10 patients on maintenance dialysis with renal osteodystrophy and persistent hypercalcemia were treated with salmon calcitonin for 3 months. While plasma calcium concentrations were reduced by calcitonin therapy in four patients, therapy was ceased in two patients due to a worsening of their hypercalcemia, although in another two patients the initial worsening of the hypercalcemia settled with continued therapy. No significant changes in calcium levels occurred in the remaining two patients. Analysis of the data suggests that a hypocalcemic effect of calcitonin was most likely in the presence of osteomalacia, while predominant osteitis fibrosa favored a hypercalcemic response. Calcitonin administration caused a mean increase in parathyroid hormone (PTH) secretion 3.6 +/- 1.5 to 6.5 +/- 1.7 ng/ml; p less than 0.05) after 6 weeks of therapy. Three patients reported improvement in their bone pain. These studies show that despite possible symptomatic and morphological effects of calcitonin, its hypocalcemic effect in patients with renal osteodystrophy and hypercalcemia is inconsistent. PMID- 6537691 TI - In vitro drug sensitivity of tumor cells is correlated with drug-induced inhibition of DNA synthesis. AB - The objective of this study was to develop a rapid in vitro method for predicting the response of human tumors to anticancer drugs. In this study an attempt was made to correlate the drug effects on the relative incorporation of (3H) thymidine (ThdR) into DNA with the sensitivity of tumor cells to that drug. The results of the study indicate that following treatment of the cells with adriamycin (ADR) or 1-(2-chloroethyl)-3-(4-methyl cyclohexyl)-1 nitrosourea (MeCCNU), there was a significant inhibition of DNA synthesis in the drug sensitive cells. However, the inhibition was relatively small in the drug resistant cells. Following cytosine arabinoside (Ara-C) treatment, a dramatic recovery in the rate of DNA synthesis was seen in Ara-C-resistant cells but not in cells sensitive to Ara-C. Thus, the method described in this study appears to be capable of distinguishing whether a tumor cell line is sensitive or resistant to a given drug. PMID- 6537693 TI - Early experience with the Autophor prosthesis using a posterior approach. AB - Twenty-eight Autophor hip prostheses have been implanted in 25 patients, using primarily a posterior approach. Complications have included two dislocations and two femoral shaft fractures. One dislocation required reoperation. The shaft fractures healed in three months with bone grafting and cerclage wiring. There were no infections and no cases of loosening or component failure. Radiological follow-up including bone scan suggests implant boney stabilization at six months. Our early experience suggests that this implant is quite successful, especially in the young patient and the patient with significant loss of bone stock from protrusio or revision surgery. PMID- 6537694 TI - Social medicine and social policy. AB - Social medicine as a term has achieved acceptance in medical education and medical practice, although there is still some question as to its acceptance in reality. The term had its origin in the vigorous nineteenth-century efforts at both medical and social reform, combining the two in a recognition of the intimate connection between social factors and the causation of disease. Henry Ernest Sigerist, a Swiss physician and noted scholar of medical history, formulated the broadest concept in the 1930s, attracting students and a latent American reform movement toward the idea of restructuring medical education as one part of social reform, and indicating ways of restructuring medical practice as another element in improving medical care at the same time. In addition to promulgating the doctrine, he established the policy of examining and describing systems of medical education and medical care in other parts of the world, not only to assist in improving medical care in countries with well-organized systems, but to assist countries with poor resources and lesser organizational capability in meeting the goals of social medicine. Doubt as to the durability of the concept has been expressed, insofar as the recommended improvements have lagged behind the expression, and because so many changes have taken place in the nature of medical practice, medical discoveries, and advances in technology. A closer examination of Sigerist's writings on the subject and evaluation of the circumstances around present-day problems would seem to indicate that the flaw is not in the doctrine, but in the lack of social application. PMID- 6537692 TI - Isolated production of aldosterone by a malignant adrenal carcinoma. AB - A 45-year-old female developed hypertension and hypokalemia. Elevated plasma aldosterone and suppressed plasma renin levels were measured with no evidence for glucocorticoid or androgen abnormalities. A left adrenal tumor was removed that showed histologic criteria for malignancy. It is commonly taught that malignant adrenal tumors are recognized by their multiple hormone production. However, isolated aldosterone production by a carcinoma can occur and requires close follow-up observation and therapy for this highly malignant tumor. PMID- 6537695 TI - Cloning by limiting dilution: an improved estimate that an interesting culture is monoclonal. AB - An interesting culture obtained by limiting dilution is less likely to be monoclonal than a random viable culture. Current practice using limiting dilution to establish monoclonal lines of interesting recombinant DNA or hybridoma-derived organisms overestimates the probability that promising cultures are monoclonal, resulting in inadequate dilutions, with the need for additional subcloning and the avoidable loss (avoidable instability) of interesting lines by overgrowth with uninteresting varieties. PMID- 6537696 TI - Supplement to current insights in mycoplasmology. Proceedings of the International Organization for Mycoplasmology 1980-82. Abstracts. PMID- 6537697 TI - [Pb, Cd, Mn and Fe in inhalable particles in downtown Caracas]. PMID- 6537698 TI - [Experimental chemotherapy in cutaneous leishmaniasis. III. Effect of glucantime and humatin (P&D) on Leishmania garnhami and Leishmania braziliensis in hamsters]. PMID- 6537699 TI - [Differential variability of cardiac response in a classical conditioning procedure]. PMID- 6537700 TI - Detection of microcin production by Enterobacteriaceae. PMID- 6537701 TI - [Liver ultrastructure in congenital atresia of the extrahepatic bile ducts]. AB - Seven patients with diagnosis of biliary atresia (BA) and two patients with neonatal hepatitis were studied by electron microscopy. In all patients the diagnosis was done by clinical examinations, laboratory assays, histological studies by punch or surgical biopsies and or surgical examinations combined with intraoperatory cholangiography. The ultrastructural alterations found in both groups of patients were essentially similar to those described in other forms of cholestasis. In patients suffering from biliary atresia the main features found at hepatocytic livel were: Finely granular deposits of electron dense substance sometimes conforming lamellar structures; 2) Some increase and vesiculation of smooth endoplasmic reticulum membranes; 3) Reductions in number and length of sinusoidal microvilli; in some areas was also detected basal membrane and an increase in the amount of collagen fibers in the space of Disse; 4) Marked bile canaliculi dilatations with reduction of microvilli and thickening of the pericanalicular surrounding area, some canaliculi were constitued by several hepatocytes. Ductules were found in only 3 cases with the following alterations: 1) Intracytoplasmic electron dense deposits of granular material without limiting membranes; 2) A marked increase in the number of microfilaments mainly located in the apical portion of the cell or in the vicinity of the nuclei; 3) Inflammatory cells in the duct epithelium or in direct contact with the hepatocytes. The ultrastructural findings in the two cases of neonatal hepatitis (NH) resembled those described in the biliary atresia.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6537702 TI - [Transjugular hepatic biopsy. Technic and indications in hepatobiliary diseases]. AB - The result of 25 transjugular liver biopsies are described. The indications of this technique were: Abnormal blood clotting 65%. Failure of previous percutaneous biopsy 15%. Requirements of suprahepatic venography and or manometry. Perforation of the hepatic capsule was evident in three patients when contrast medium injected after the biopsy escaped under the capsule but without evidence of bleeding. The transjugular liver biopsy is not easy but safe and preferable technique in the management of selected patients. PMID- 6537703 TI - [Mucin: a probable endogenous substrate of intestinal fermentation]. AB - Using a previously described technique to measure fecal fermentation, a study was done on the effect which, on basal fermentation of 19 stool samples, had the addition of mucin and the addition of lactose, in amounts equivalent for carbohydrate content. The addition of mucin elevated basal fecal fermentation clearly and similarly to the addition of lactose. The increase in basal fecal fermentation when mucin was added was similar for the stools with normal basal fermentation than for the stools with exaggerated basal fermentation; and the same happened when lactose was added. It seems that what decides the level of fecal fermentation is not so much the fermentative capacity of bacteria present in the stools, which would be practically unlimited, but the amount of fermentable substrates already present in the stools or added to them. If, as it was previously suggested, the level of fecal fermentation in an individual reflects the state of its intestinal fermentation, the latter would consequently depend not so much from the fermentative capacity of bacteria present in the terminal ileum and colon but from the amount of fermentable substrates which arrive to those intestinal zones. It is extremely interesting that mucin, an endogenous substrate, that is, which is produced in the digestive tract, be as good a source for generation of gas by bacterial action as lactose, an exogenous substrate of recognized importance in the genesis of flatulence. PMID- 6537704 TI - [Gastrointestinal involvement in progressive systemic sclerosis]. AB - 25 patients with clinical, radiological and manometrical features of PSS in the gastrointestinal tract were reviewed, looking mainly for the esophageal involvement. All of the data obtained in our serie agreed with those of most of the authors. Outlining: The lack of relationship between the evolution of the skin involvement and GI tract involvement. The high incidence of esophageal involvement, especially functional alterations even in the absence of clinical and/or radiological symptomatology. The usefulness of manometric method in the diagnosis of motor involvement of esophages, especially for the evaluation of lower esophageal esphincter. Although the esophageal and intestinal involvement are more frequent and well known, any area of the GI tract may be damaged during the course of this disease. Since up to now, an ethiological therapy to stop the course of the disease is not known, it's important to search for earlier alterations in order to start with a pathophysiological and symptomatic treatment to avoid complications. PMID- 6537705 TI - [Current significance of polypectomy of the upper gastrointestinal tract]. AB - Author's experience about 70 endoscopic polipectomy of high gastrointestinal tract, realized on 53 patients during 1978-1983 period was evaluated. Esophaguel polyps incidence was 0.06% among 7.900 endoscopic studies; gastric polyps was 0.8% and duodenal was 0.03%. Diagnosis was radiologically suspected in 58%. Gastric antrum was the predominant localization (45.7%) and macroscopic Yamada types IV (32.8%) and III (30.0%) were found more frequently. Most of patients presented solitary polips (86.7%). 63.2% of pieces were under 10 mm in size and 35.2% between 10 - 20 mm. High frecuency of adenomas (23.5%) and a low one of hyperplasiogenic (7.3%) was the prominent finding; only one case of early gastric cancer was founded (1.5%). Neither adenoms or hyperplasiogenic polyps were founded on gastric fundus, and no direct relation between size and histopatologic type was observed. Only one hemorragic complication (1.4%) was present. Polips incidence on 800 consecutive auptopsy protocols in adults was 0.12%. PMID- 6537706 TI - [Localization of chronic benign gastric ulcers. Its relation to the age of the subjects, size of the lesion and smoking and drinking habits of the patients]. AB - Age of patients, ulcer size, alcohol intake and cigarette consumption were studied in relation to the site of the ulcer in 172 patients with chronic gastric ulcer. Ulcer site was classified into upper, middle and lower thirds of the stomach. The ulcers were situated in the upper third in 18 subjects (10.5%), middle third in 105 patients (61%) and lower third in 40 patients (28.5%). The mean age of the patients in the whole series was 50.7 +/- 12.2 with no significant difference in age between upper, middle and lower thirds (P greater than 0.5) There was no significant difference in the distribution of giant ulcers compared to those of usual size (0.25 less than P less than 0.5). The number of posterior wall ulcers was significantly higher than those of anterior wall (0.025 less than P less than 0.05) The number of ulcers situated in the middle third was significantly higher in heavy smokers and heavy drinkers compared to non-smokers and non-drinkers (0.01 less than P less than 0.025) and to light smokers and light drinkers (P less than 0.001) The number of ulcers situated in the middle third was significantly higher in the heavy drinkers compared to non-drinkers (0.001 less than P less than 0.005). PMID- 6537708 TI - [22nd Argentinian congress on gastroenterology. 9th Argentinian congress on endoscopy of the digestive tract. Santa Fe, May, 1985. Abstracts]. PMID- 6537707 TI - [Current treatment of gallbladder calculi]. PMID- 6537709 TI - [ISO: International Standard Organization. Its organization--running operations- recommendation proposals]. PMID- 6537710 TI - [Musculocutaneous flaps in cervicofacial oncology surgery. Experience in 145 cases]. AB - The use of myocutaneous flaps in reconstructive surgery after cancer resection for T3-T4 tumors of the head and neck is reported in 145 clinical cases. In this series, flap viability, proved to be as high as 96%. The use of myocutaneous flaps extends far beyond the limits of tumor resection, improves functional and cosmetic results and permits to operate safely on irradiated patients. This study shows that healing in irradiated patients tends to be comparable to that in non irradiated patients. Survival's conditions, especially the relief of pain are consistently improved, still when no tumor control can be achieved. Most recurrences occurs within a year following surgery, most frequently after salvage surgery. PMID- 6537711 TI - [Over- and underestimation of hearing using the click-evoked brain stem P5]. AB - The click-evoked brainstem P5 is nowadays widely used to estimate hearing in those cases where subjective audiometry is unreliable. However it should be taken into consideration that 1st, in young children the amplitude of P5 can be very small; 2d, additional stimulation techniques are necessary to assess middle and low (?) frequency regions; and 3d, p65 can be absent for other reasons than hearing loss. PMID- 6537712 TI - [Controversy--open technic--closed technic. Critical review of the literature and our personal experience]. AB - The authors have made a comparative study of the functional and auditory results, as well as an appreciation of the eradication of disease, in 64 patients having undergone open technic surgery for cholesteatoma (66 operations) and in 136 patients treated by closed technic (197 operations). The closed technic would appear to be the one of choice as regards the functional hearing results, most particularly in cases of absence of the stapedial crura. Concerning eradication of middle-ear disease, they believe there to be reason for a somewhat less categorical position towards the accepted fact of the semi-open technic (modified radical mastoidectomy) being strikingly safer than the closed technic. They deplore the difficulty of being unable validly to compare the published results obtained by various authors, due to the diversity of the surgical technics and a lack of uniformity in evaluating and presenting the results. PMID- 6537714 TI - Hypotensive action of prolactin in rats with spontaneous hypertension. AB - Rats (SHR) weighing 240 +/- 10 g with spontaneous hypertension were given intraperitoneally porcine prolactin in doses from 0.2 to 2000 micrograms/kg of body weight. The systolic pressure was measured before hormone administration and 2 hours after it. It was found that prolactin in doses of 200 to 2000 micrograms/kg caused a decrease of the systolic pressure by 22%. The dose of 20 micrograms/kg decreased this pressure by 9% and the dose of 0.2 microgram/kg by 7.9%. PMID- 6537715 TI - Zinc and copper in human milk. AB - Studies of zinc and copper contents of breast milk were performed in 34 mothers during their lactation period until 5 days postpartum. They experienced no problems during pregnancy and delivery. All women had full term healthy infants, 22 were multiparous and 12 primiparous. The highest zinc concentration was found in the colostrum, and subsequently the concentration declined. Copper content was stable during the 5 days of lactation. Significantly lower zinc concentration and higher copper concentration were found in the serum of lactating women 3 days post partum, when compared with non-lactating women. Factors including lactation history, age of lactating women, serum levels of zinc and copper did not affect the contents of these trace minerals in breast milk. PMID- 6537716 TI - Glucan effect on the survival of mice after radiation exposure. AB - The effect of glucan (beta-1,3-polyglucose) was investigated on the radiation induced damage to the system of non-specific immunity in mice. A positive influence of glucan administered before exposure to a dose of 200 R was observed on the following parameters of postradiation regeneration: while blood cell count, due mainly to increased granulocyte count, increased per cent of peroxidase-positive cells in bone marrow, increased mass and cellularity of the spleen, in relation to the group of the animals not receiving the preparation. Administration of glucan 5 days before exposure to 650 R of X-rays prolonged the mean survival time. Administration of the preparation after exposure to radiation had no significant effect on the survival time of mice. PMID- 6537713 TI - The phenomenon of reversal of reticulum action potentials recorded from the body surface of sheep. AB - The experiments were carried out on sheep with reticulum fistula. The biopotentials and transformed mechanogram of the reticulum were recorded simultaneously on the body surface with an electrocardiograph. Lactic acid solution 1.6 mol/l was administered through the fistula into the reticulum in an amount of 15 mmol/kg of body weight. It was found that administration of this acid caused reversal of the biopotentials of the reticulum. This phenomenon lasted from 10 to several scores of hours and occurred with pH of reticulum contents below the normal range as well as after return of normal pH. PMID- 6537717 TI - In vitro serum glycogenolytic activity in rats during hypothermia induced with 2 deoxy-D-glucose. AB - During hypothermia induced by intraperitoneal administration of 2-deoxy-D-glucose (600 mg/kg of body weight) the serum levels of glucose and FFA rise and the hepatic glycogen content falls in relation to rats in control group. The glycogenolytic activity of the serum in vitro determined against liver slices is also higher in the group of rats receiving 2-DG. The obtained results point to an activation of the glycogenolysis process and glycolysis in the organism of rats after administration of hypothermia-inducing doses of 2-DG. PMID- 6537718 TI - Effect of hyperthermia on blood levels of corticosterone and certain metabolites in rats during thiobutabarbital anaesthesia. AB - No changes were found in the serum levels of corticosterone, pyruvate and lactate in rats during general anaesthesia with thiobutabarbital (Brevinarcon) subjected to short-lasting hyperthermia in a high-temperature chamber (air temperature 50 degrees C, relative humidity 50%) in relation to a control group of rats during similar general anaesthesia at room temperature. However, in the serum of rats during hyperthermia (rectal temperature 40-41 degrees C) the glucose level was about 52% lower and FFA were about 39% lower than in rats kept under normothermic conditions (rectal temperature 36.5-37.5 degrees C) which may point to an increased requirement of tissues for energy-yielding substrates at higher body temperatures and/or increased insulin secretion. PMID- 6537720 TI - Utilization of glucose during exercise in relation of meal-timing. AB - The effect of glucose administration was studied on its utilization during exercise carried out in the hours 500-700, 1100-1300, 1700-1900, 2300-100. The control group comprised animals at rest which had one or two glucose loads. Circadian variability of blood glucose level was observed in response to glycaemic stimulation in control animals. In the animals during exercise the circadian changes of glucose level depended on the time after glucose administration and the duration of exercise. Glucose utilization during exercise was not identical at various times of the 24-hour period. The greatest fall of blood glucose was observed at 1800 after one as well as after two glucose loads. Glucose administration after one hour of exercise prevented hypoglycaemia development. PMID- 6537719 TI - Seasonal enzyme activity changes in two aminotransferases AspAT and AlAT, acid and alkaline phosphatases and aldolase in the serum of Thoroughbred horses during a racing season. AB - Twenty Thoroughbred 3 year old horses (10 stallions and 10 mares), trained and raced at the Warsaw Race-Course were studied from March through November. Blood was taken approximately every 8 weeks to determine the activities of aspartate and alanine transaminases, acid and alkaline phosphatases and aldolase. It was observed that the activities of aspartate aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase reached their maxima in July and alanine transaminase in May. The activities of acid phosphatase and aldolase showed their minima in July. Comparing these data with the literature it was noted that the changes observed are mainly seasonally-dependent; but, training had some influence on the activity of the enzymes involved in energy metabolism. PMID- 6537721 TI - Spontaneous conversion of carp liver AcPase I and some properties of its asialo form. AB - Evidence is given for a spontaneous conversion of AcPase I to a more basic form due to autolytic loss of sialic acid. To investigate whether the presence of sialic acid in the enzyme molecule is of any physiological significance some physico-chemical properties of an enzymatically obtained asialo-AcPase I were studied. It has been shown that the asialo-form retained the properties of the native enzyme in respect to thermostability and pH-stability but modified slightly the hydrolytic activities of some phosphorylated compounds, and this might be of significance under physiological conditions. PMID- 6537723 TI - Relationship between electrical skin resistance and rectal temperature in man during physical exercise. AB - Electrical skin resistance (ESR) and rectal temperature (Tre) were examined in 13 unacclimated human subjects performing bicycle exercise at an intensity of 50% VO2max. After the beginning of exercise the electrical skin resistance decreased according to an exponential curve with a delay of 4 min and time constant of 9 min. The dynamic parameters of ESR were shorter than those reported for sweating. Statistical analysis showed a correlation between individual time constants of ESR and increases in rectal temperature of the subjects (r = 0.705, p less than 0.01). It is concluded that measurement of dynamics of the electrical skin resistance may be useful for estimation of thermal effects in exercising subjects. PMID- 6537724 TI - Specific and non-specific inhibition of normal and tumor growth. PMID- 6537722 TI - Effect of breathing of a helium-oxygen mixture on the adaptation of the organism to exercise. AB - The reported investigations were carried out on 17 healthy men aged 20-27 years subjected to a 15 minute submaximal exercise on an Elema-Schonander cycle ergometer while breathing ambient air or a helium-oxygen mixture (O2 20% and He 80%). During the exercise test the heart rate was recorded from the ECG tracings, with the respiratory rate and respiratory volume, minute ventilation and arterial blood pressure. The concentrations of lactate (LA), pyruvate (PA) and glucose were determined in the serum of venous blood obtained before and 3 minutes after the exercise. Favourable changes of the reaction of the organism to exercise were observed while the subjects breathed the helium-oxygen mixture. The minute ventilation increased owing to increased respiratory volume, and the exercise caused lower rises in LA, PA and the LA/PA ratio. This may suggest a reduction of respiration cost and a decrease of anaerobic metabolism under these conditions. PMID- 6537725 TI - A compilation of the major concepts and quantities in use by ICRP. A report of Committee 4 of the International Commission on Radiological Protection. PMID- 6537726 TI - [Surgical treatment of differentiated tumors of the thyroid gland. Experience of 110 cases]. PMID- 6537727 TI - [Diverticular disease and colo-rectal carcinoma. Pathogenetic and clinical considerations based on personal cases]. PMID- 6537728 TI - [Intestinal preparation for endoscopic examination and colorectal surgery]. PMID- 6537729 TI - [Cancer of the thyroid in advanced age]. PMID- 6537730 TI - [Spleno-hepatoplasty (experimental research on revascularization of the liver)]. PMID- 6537732 TI - [Diagnostic and etiopathogenetic problems of volvulus of the gallbladder]. PMID- 6537731 TI - [Juvenile thyroid carcinoma]. PMID- 6537733 TI - [Our experience in the treatment of acute ischemia of the extremities: thromboembolectomy]. PMID- 6537734 TI - [Physiopathologic bases for elective intervention in portal hypertension]. PMID- 6537735 TI - [Tamoxifen and sex differentiation of the gonads in chick embryo]. AB - Tamoxifen or 4-hydroxytamoxifen were injected either alone or in combination with oestradiol into 4-5 day-old chick embryos in order to study their action on the sex differentiation of the gonads. The results of the histological study of the gonads performed at the stage of 16-19 days warrant the following conclusions: None of both anti-oestrogens exerts an effect on the testes. None of both compounds modifies the sex differentiation of the female gonads. Tamoxifen exerts an antagonistic action on the feminization of the testes by oestradiol. These conclusions do not lend support to the hypothesis according to which oestrogens play a role in normal sex differentiation of the female gonads. PMID- 6537736 TI - Succinate dehydrogenase activity in relation with cardiac morphology in rats fed low erucic acid rapeseed oil. AB - The histopathological status and histologically demonstratable succinate dehydrogenase activity were evaluated on contiguous heart sections of rats fed low erucic acid rapeseed oil for 18 weeks. The histologically demonstratable SDH activity was quantified and could be related with the severity of the lesion at the same location. These results were discussed in terms of effects of dietary fat on mitochondria. PMID- 6537737 TI - Reconstitution of the epidermal basement membrane after enzymatic dermal epidermal separation of embryonic mouse skin. AB - Pieces of trypsin-isolated 14-day embryonic mouse epidermis were recombined with various living or non-living dermal or non-dermal substrates, in order to analyse the reconstruction of the dermal-epidermal junction. The constitution and ultrastructure of the epidermal basement membrane were characterized by immunolabelling of laminin, type IV collagen and bullous pemphigoid antigen, and by transmission electron microscopy. Trypsin treatment of dorsal skin followed by dermal-epidermal separation does not visibly damage the epidermal basement membrane, which remains attached to the lower face of epidermis. When freshly isolated epidermis is reassociated with dermis, the basement membrane is first degraded during the first 4 h of culture, then reconstituted within 24 h. When epidermis is cultured in isolation the basement membrane disappears within 4 h and is not reconstructed. Epidermis, precultured for 4 h and thus deprived of its basement membrane prior to reassociation, is able to reconstruct an antigenically and ultrastructurally normal basement membrane, when recombined with living or frozen-killed (-20 degrees C) dermis, with muscle tissue, or with a film of fibrous type I collagen. No basement membrane is reconstituted when the epidermis is recombined with heat (100 degrees C) killed dermis. It is concluded that, in the reconstituted epidermal basement membrane, laminin, type IV collagen, bullous pemphigoid antigen, and lamina densa are of exclusive epidermal origin. PMID- 6537738 TI - Human sperm velocity and postinsemination cervical mucus test in the evaluation of the infertile couple. AB - Homologous artificial insemination (AIH) followed by postinsemination cervical mucus test (PIT) was performed in 100 couples in a prospective study to evaluate suspected cervical or male factor infertility. A portion of the ejaculate was submitted for standard semen analysis as well as turbidimetric analysis of sperm velocity. In a review of 333 cases evaluated for infertility, the average sperm velocity in a normal semen analysis was 96.5 mu/sec, for those with normal postcoital test (PCT) 96.6 mu/sec, and in those that established a pregnancy 91.6 mu/sec. These are significantly higher than the values obtained for abnormal semen analysis and abnormal PCT (64.6 and 63.6 mu/sec, respectively; p less than 0.001). Patients with normal PIT (WHO criteria for normal PCT consisting of greater than or equal to 7 motile sperm/hpf) had sperm velocity of 87 mu/sec compared to velocities of 46 mu/sec for abnormal PIT (p less than 0.001). Four of the five patients with abnormal PIT (in spite of normal semen analysis and normal cervical mucus) had sperm velocities less than 75 mu/sec. Likewise, all 8 patients who had normal PIT in spite of abnormal semen analysis had sperm velocities greater than 75 mu/sec, even though the sperm motility was below normal in 5 of them. Sperm velocity is a more sensitive indicator of sperm function when compared to standard semen analysis results. PMID- 6537739 TI - Ultrastructure of the testis in Klinefelter's syndrome. AB - The ultrastructure of the testis in 5 cases of Klinefelter's syndrome was studied. In 3 cases there was complete hyalinization of the seminiferous tubules. In one case Sertoli cells were present, and in another case focal areas of spermatogenesis were seen in the tubules. Hyperplasia of the Leydig cells was found in every case. The Leydig cells had usually abundant smooth endoplasmic reticulum and lipofuscin pigment in the cytoplasm. This suggested that the function of the Leydig cells was normal. The Sertoli cells contained lipid droplets and glycogen-filled vacuoles in the cytoplasm. PMID- 6537740 TI - Quantitative evaluation of guinea pig spermatogenesis: Epon versus paraffin embedding. AB - A quantitative evaluation of spermatogenesis in the guinea pig was made at the light microscope level following improved methods of fixation and plastic embedding. The pattern of germ cell differentiation was studied by counting the average number of germ cell nuclei per Sertoli cell nucleus during the seminiferous epithelial cycle. Appreciable cell loss occurred during spermatogenesis. As a result, only 20.8% of the theoretically possible number of spermatozoa were produced from each spermatogonium. A slightly better yield of germ cells was obtained from Epon sections in comparison to paraffin sections. Epon sections can be effectively used for quantitative analyses of various cell populations in small biopsy specimens of testis tissue. PMID- 6537741 TI - Pharmacokinetics of zinc tannate after intratesticular injection. AB - Forty-eight sexually mature male rats were injected intratesticularly with either 1, 3, or 6 mg zinc tannate (Kastrin) or with saline (as control). Zinc localized only in low concentration in primary spermatocytes and could not be detected in spermatogonia, Sertoli cells, spermatids, or spermatozoa. Forty-eight hours after injection of 1 mg Kastrin, zinc was accumulated in the spermatogonia and primary spermatocytes while, after injection of 3 mg, zinc was preferentially localized in Sertoli cells and spermatids; however, zinc was observed in the spermatids and spermatozoa 48 h after injection with 6 mg, and germ cells lost their identity and were fragmented after 1 week. PMID- 6537742 TI - Effect of migration and capacitation on the nuclear stability of human sperm. AB - A possible change in the nuclear stability of the human spermatozoa further than ejaculation was investigated. A nuclear chromatin decondensation ability test using 1% SDS + 6 mM EDTA was used on spermatozoa migrated for 1 h in a swim-up migration (in BWW + human serum albumin 0.8%) and capacitated for 5 h in the same medium. The results, analyzed as paired series, showed that (1) capacitated and migrated spermatozoa have a greater nuclear stability than that of the control population (total sperm), (2) there was no significant difference of the nuclear stability between migrated and capacitated spermatozoa, and (3) there was no effect of the media used (BWW + HSA) on the nuclear stability. Thus, it seemed that migrating spermatozoa definitely selects a specific resistant population to decondensing reagents. PMID- 6537743 TI - Characterization of hyperactivated motility by human spermatozoa during capacitation: comparison of fertile and oligozoospermic sperm populations. AB - Suspensions of capacitating human spermatozoa were analyzed for potential hyperactivated movements using videomicrographic methods. Analysis was carried out on aliquots of 22 sperm suspensions, which were proved fertile several hours later during human in vitro fertilization. After approximately 3 h of capacitation, 22.1% of the fertile spermatozoa displayed motility patterns designated as hyperactivated. Over 80% of these hyperactivated spermatozoa moved with a wide-amplitude, two-dimensional whiplash pattern, displaying marked lateral displacement of the head. Only 8.4% of capacitating spermatozoa from oligozoospermic patients showed these hyperactivated movements. The incidence of hyperactivated movements by fertile and oligozoospermic spermatozoa could be significantly increased after exposure to various motility stimulants. The clinical significance of hyperactivation as a functional assay of fertilizing capacity is discussed. PMID- 6537744 TI - Preparation of human spermatozoa for in vitro fertilization by isopycnic centrifugation on self-generating density gradients. AB - A simple and rapid method is described for the retrieval of highly motile, morphologically normal spermatozoa from human semen. This method is a modification of a technique described previously and employs the process of isopycnic centrifugation of semen on self-generating Percoll density gradients. The procedure is carried out under sterile conditions and has no detectable deleterious effects on the fertilizing capacity of spermatozoa. Spermatozoa may be recovered from semen samples of widely differing quality and can be used successfully for in vitro fertilization (IVF). This technique may be useful not only for the preparation of spermatozoa for IVF and possibly for artificial insemination by husband (AIH) but also for the investigation and analysis of the causes of infertility associated with oligozoospermia. PMID- 6537745 TI - A new version of the 10-microns chamber and its use for semen analysis with inverted microscope. PMID- 6537746 TI - Semen characteristics of gossypol-treated langurs (Presbytis entellus entellus Dufresne). AB - Gossypol isolated from cottonseed was fed to sexually adult male langurs at 50 and 100 mg/kg body weight per day for 90 days. Semen was collected every 2 wk, and the observations made on semen characteristics showed gossypol's detrimental effect. The gossypol administration caused a significant decline in percent sperm cells motility and a significant rise in abnormalities. The semen characteristics returned to normal levels during a 180-day recovery period following the discontinuation of gossypol treatment. A clear relationship exists between the inhibition of sperm cell motility and dose as well as duration of gossypol treatment. The testicular biopsies taken from two langurs after 90 days of gossypol treatment showed normal histoarchitecture at both the dose levels. PMID- 6537747 TI - Thyroid-testis interrelationship during the development and sexual maturity of the rat. AB - The effects of thyroidectomy and treatment with thyroxine (T4) were studied in immature male rats to evaluate the role of the thyroid in the development of testicular functions. Thyroidectomy inhibited gametogenesis and development of the Leydig cell in these rats. However, the effects could be reversed by administration of 10 micrograms T4 (i.p.) daily for 30 days. PMID- 6537748 TI - Spermiophagy in vitro. AB - An in vitro procedure was designed to investigate whether macrophages discriminate between live and dead sperm and between sperm of different donors. In this procedure 1 million murine peritoneal macrophages were allowed to attach to a cover glass, and the resulting monolayer was overlaid with the same number of sperm cells. The spermiophagic index (SPI) was determined by counting sperm heads phagocytized in 100 macrophages after a given exposure time under standard conditions of incubation. The SPI was proportional to the exposure time, and the curve of dynamics leveled off after 5 h of incubation. This study has shown that sperm cells in an in vitro system are avidly phagocytized by macrophages regardless of their origin, live or dead, provided their plasmalemma is preserved. Preliminary observations in female mice did not support the hypothesis that SPI was inversely proportional to the egg fertilization rate. PMID- 6537749 TI - Tissue polypeptide antigen immunoreactivity in human semen. AB - A substance with TPA immunoreactivity is present in human seminal plasma. This seminal plasma TPA shows immunological similarity with TPA isolated from a pool of carcinoma tumors. TPA is taken up by live spermatozoa and it cannot be easily washed out. Split-ejaculate studies suggest that TPA originates mainly from the prostate. TPA is not correlated with the spermatozoa count, total number of spermatozoa, percentage of normal spermatozoa, or forward motility. The mean seminal plasma concentration of TPA in morphologically normal ejaculates is 14,531 U/liter. No difference was found in the TPA levels between the normal group and various groups of patients under investigation for involuntary infertility. PMID- 6537750 TI - Ultrastructural features of epididymal spermatophagy in subfertile chromosomally derived mice. AB - A cytochemical analysis of aneuploid gametes in chromosomally derived subfertile mice has demonstrated a prezygotic selection against the aneuploid gametes during the epididymal transit. The present investigation deals with an electron microscopic analysis of the epididymis in subfertile hybrid mice heterozygous for eight Robertsonian metacentrics. The epididymal epithelium of these mice appears to be formed by four cell types with different morphological features. In the tail of the epididymis all these cell types are present. Moreover, several giant vacuolizations of principal cells containing mature and immature spermatozoa are often visible in this region. This observation, confirming previous data on the fate of aneuploid spermatozoa on hypofertile Robertsonian heterozygotes, suggests a phagocytic activity of the epididymal epithelium of these mice. The epididymal epithelium "filter function" in recognizing and eventually disposing of immature or anomalous germ cells is discussed. PMID- 6537751 TI - [Nosological classification of pleural effusions]. PMID- 6537752 TI - [Changes in respiratory mechanics and disorders of gas exchange in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease]. PMID- 6537753 TI - [Pneumoblastoma: contribution to the study of 2 unreported cases]. PMID- 6537754 TI - [Bronchopulmonary lesions caused by aspiration (case reports)]. PMID- 6537755 TI - [Effects of xibornol on mucociliary clearance in patients with chronic bronchopathy in an acute phase]. PMID- 6537756 TI - [Study of surface markers on lymphocytes in the pleural fluid of cancer patients]. PMID- 6537758 TI - [A case of pulmonary fibrosis]. PMID- 6537757 TI - [Use of solid-phase monoclonal antibodies in the determination of peripheral lymphocyte classes in cancer patients]. PMID- 6537759 TI - [Critical analysis of arrhythmias induced by an ergometric test]. PMID- 6537760 TI - [Rupture of the interventricular septum after acute myocardial infarction]. PMID- 6537761 TI - [Anatomo-surgical classification of mitral stenosis. Valvular aspects]. PMID- 6537762 TI - [Importance of the oxygenation of cardioplegic solutions for myocardial protection in cardiac surgery]. PMID- 6537763 TI - [Homologous dura mater implanted at the right ventricular outlet with its periostal or arachnoid face turned to the cavity]. PMID- 6537764 TI - [Surgical treatment of isolated, associated or recurrent ventricular septal defect by transaortic approach]. PMID- 6537765 TI - [Effect of spilanthol (extracted from jambu) on action potentials. Electric recordings in atrial fiber]. PMID- 6537766 TI - [Cicatrized Chagas cardiopathy. Report of a case]. PMID- 6537767 TI - [Surgical correction of localized supra-aortic stenosis. Report of 2 cases]. PMID- 6537768 TI - [Surgical anatomy of the conduction system in congenital heart defects]. PMID- 6537769 TI - [Situation of drinking among the aged--from the survey of the toll nursing home]. PMID- 6537770 TI - [On alcoholics under 35 years old--in contrast with alcoholics in their forties]. PMID- 6537771 TI - Interaction between acetaldehyde and sulfhydryl compounds in human blood during ethanol intoxication. PMID- 6537772 TI - [Determination of blood acetate by head space gas chromatography]. PMID- 6537773 TI - [An evaluation of the relationship between fatigue and intake of alcohols on the adult workers (I)--Analysis by inquiries and examinations]. PMID- 6537774 TI - [Alcohol drinking patterns among members of the self-defence fire brigade in Yokohama City]. PMID- 6537775 TI - [Pattern classification of problem drinking behaviors among male college student drinkers]. PMID- 6537776 TI - [Changes in alcoholic mental disorders in Matsuzawa Hospital]. PMID- 6537777 TI - [A clinical case of alcoholic central pontine myelinolysis demonstrated by computerized tomography]. PMID- 6537778 TI - Changes in sensitivity to ambulation-increasing effect of methamphetamine after exposure to toluene vapor in mice. PMID- 6537779 TI - [A clinical study of SS-BRON solution-W dependency]. PMID- 6537780 TI - Alcohol drinking patterns among university students. PMID- 6537781 TI - A study on some factors affecting alcohol drinking behavior among senior high school students. PMID- 6537782 TI - [Effect of alcohol on release of various enzymes from isolated rat liver cells]. PMID- 6537783 TI - [Epidemiological studies on hepatitis A and B virus infections and hepatic dysfunction in young female methamphetamine-abusers]. PMID- 6537785 TI - [Monitoring plasma concentrations of theophylline]. PMID- 6537784 TI - Calculated vs measured plasma osmolalities revisited. AB - The osmolalities of 100 plasma samples were measured and compared with the osmolalities calculated from the plasma concentrations (mmol/L) of sodium, potassium, glucose, and urea by several different formulae. The formula recommended by Dorwart and Chalmers (Clin Chem 21: 190, 1975) gave inferior results to those obtained with our "most accurate" formula: osmolality = 1.89 Na + 1.38 K + 1.03 urea + 1.08 glucose + 7.45. We recommend using this formula for calculation of osmolality on equipment linked to a computer. However, for simplicity, and to reduce the possibility of calculation errors, the following formula can be used for manual calculations: osmolality = 1.86 (Na + K) + glucose + urea + 10. PMID- 6537786 TI - Muscular subaortic stenosis: the quantitative relationship between systolic anterior motion and the pressure gradient. AB - We performed simultaneous echocardiographic and hemodynamic studies in 11 patients with muscular subaortic stenosis to determine whether systolic anterior motion (SAM) of the anterior mitral leaflet and the pressure gradient are related quantitatively. SAM without septal contact was associated with either no gradient or a small impulse gradient of less than 10 mm Hg. SAM with septal contact was always associated with a pressure gradient of more than 10 mm Hg. The size of the pressure gradient correlated inversely with the time periods: (1) onset of SAM septal contact (r = .79, p less than .001) and (2) onset of aortic ejection to onset of SAM-septal contact (r = -.89, p less than .001). Size also correlated directly with the time period: (3) duration of SAM-septal contact (r = .80, p less than .001). Thus when the time from the onset of SAM to the onset of SAM septal contact was long, SAM-septal contact developed late in systole, the duration of SAM-septal contact was brief and the pressure gradient was low. When SAM-septal contact developed in early systole, the duration of SAM-septal contact was long and the pressure gradient was high. With the index of time period (3) divided by time period (1), a regression equation was devised to predict the size of the pressure gradient (pressure gradient [mm Hg] = 25 [ratio] + 25; r = .90, p less than .001; SE +/- 15 mm Hg). The echocardiographic time period index was validated prospectively in nine other patients and the significant correlation with the hemodynamically determined gradient persisted (r = .89, p less than .01). We conclude that SAM and the pressure gradient are related quantitatively in muscular subaortic stenosis. These observations have implications regarding the mechanism and significance of the pressure gradient in muscular subaortic stenosis. PMID- 6537787 TI - Effect of testosterone on somatomedin-C concentrations in prepubertal boys. AB - To investigate the role of testosterone (T) in the pubertal elevation of somatomedin-C (SmC), six prepubertal GH-deficient boys were each given 7-day courses of GH alone (0.05 U/kg X day, im), T alone (T propionate; 25 mg/day, im), and a combination of GH and T at the same dosages. Plasma SmC levels were determined on samples drawn at the start and finish of each period, and each course was separated by a 7-day period. SmC was also measured before and after a course of T propionate (25 mg/day, im) in four GH-sufficient boys with delayed adolescence. In the GH-deficient boys, GH and the combination of GH and T resulted in comparable and significant increments of SmC (mean change, 0.68 U/ml after GH and 0.63 U/ml after the combination of GH and T). T alone caused no change in SmC in the GH-deficient boys (mean change, 0.09 U/ml), but resulted in increases in all four GH-sufficient subjects (mean change, 1.29 U/ml). In a single subject with constitutionally delayed puberty, the integrated 24-h GH concentration rose from 2.8 ng/ml before to 5.8 ng/ml after T therapy. Both the number and amplitude of GH secretory events were greater after therapy. These data show that T stimulates SmC production in prepubertal boys who can secrete GH, but not in those who are GH deficient. We postulate that the effect of T in this regard is due to its effect on pituitary GH secretion. Although the T levels were within the pharmacological range, physiological levels of T (e.g. at puberty) may be responsible for the adolescent SmC increment in men. PMID- 6537788 TI - Growth kinetics, cell shape, and the cytoskeleton of primary astrocyte cultures. AB - We examined correlations among growth kinetics, cell shape, and cytoskeletal protein content in rat astrocytes grown in primary culture. Cell suspensions from brains of newborn rats were seeded at densities from 0.2 to 3 X 10(5)/cm2. At initial densities above 1 X 10(5) the population increased to reach confluency by 10-12 days, after which cell number remained stable for many weeks. At low initial densities, 0.2-0.4 X 10(5)/cm2, cells did not increase in number. Final density increased with increasing plating densities. High-density cells had small perikarya and several long cytoplasmic processes; low-density cells appeared flat and polygonal. All cultures were almost entirely astrocytic, as judged by immunofluorescent staining with antiserum against glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). Cytoskeletal proteins were analyzed by gel electrophoresis after extraction from cells with nonionic detergent. Relative amounts of the proteins differed, in that low-density cells contained large amounts of cytoskeletal actin relative to the intermediate filament (IF) proteins vimentin and GFAP, whereas high-density cells contained relatively less actin and more IF proteins. Such differences in cytoskeletal proteins between the high- and low-density cultures were mirrored in the relative rates of synthesis of the cytoskeletal proteins. In the low-density cells amino acid incorporation into cytoskeletal-associated actin was more active than that into the IFs, whereas in the high-density cells higher rates of IF protein synthesis were observed. PMID- 6537789 TI - Kaolin-induced congenital hydrocephalus in utero in fetal lambs and rhesus monkeys. AB - A model of congenital hydrocephalus in utero in fetal lambs and rhesus monkeys has been produced by the intracisternal injection of kaolin. Initial attempts to produce hydrocephalus using silicone oil were unrewarding. Hydrocephalus had developed by 2 weeks post-injection and could be followed by ultrasonography. The pathological findings were similar to those reported using kaolin in other species. Ventriculoamniotic shunting, when successful, was capable of partially reversing the deleterious effects of hydrocephalus. The major drawback of the present model is that hydrocephalus is produced during the second rather than the first trimester of pregnancy. However, kaolin produces mainly an obstructive hydrocephalus without other associated brain or systemic anomalies. PMID- 6537790 TI - Progesterone receptor proteins in cerebellar hemangioblastoma. PMID- 6537791 TI - Otologic manifestations of the immotile-cilia syndrome. AB - The immotile-cilia syndrome is caused by a hereditary, inborn, ultrastructural defect of the cilia, rendering them immotile or poorly motile and thereby abolishing mucociliary clearance. Five cases are presented and the otologic manifestations are described in some detail. The syndrome should be suspected in children who have a persistent secretory otitis media with recurring bouts of acute otitis media, and a perpetual cough with repeated episodes of bronchitis. A lobar atelectasis is a frequent finding. Half the cases also have situs inversus. The immotile-cilia syndrome is of special interest to the otologist, as it seems to throw some light on the pathogenesis of secretory otitis media. PMID- 6537792 TI - Effect of ethanol on lactic acidosis in experimental hemorrhagic shock. AB - Many trauma victims who have hemorrhagic shock are also intoxicated. Ethanol could worsen the severity of shock and decrease the amount of blood loss necessary to reach or maintain the shock state, perhaps by increasing lactic acidosis. We examined the effect of ethanol on lactic acidosis in a group of rats that were intoxicated, then put in a state of hemorrhagic shock (MAP = 40 mm Hg). These animals were compared to a control group that were in a similar state of hemorrhagic shock but not intoxicated. The volumes of blood necessary to reach and maintain the predetermined model state of shock for two hours in each group were also measured. The animals were paralyzed and placed on controlled ventilation. The ethanol produced an expected baseline lactic acidosis, and it took significantly less blood volume loss to keep the intoxicated group in shock. However, during shock there was no significant difference in the state of lactic acidosis. These results suggest that acute ethanol intoxication made the animals more sensitive to hemorrhage. This effect was not mediated by an increase in lactic acidosis in our model. PMID- 6537793 TI - Handedness in determination of twin types. PMID- 6537794 TI - Angiosarcoma of the heart. Unusual presentation and survival after treatment. AB - A 49 year old man presented with severe cyanosis and dyspnoea on exercise. Clinical examination together with echocardiography, cardiac catheterisation, and angiography showed a balloting tumour in the right atrium, intermittently occluding the tricuspid ostium, and an atrial right to left shunt. At operation a pedunculated vascular tumour was found with a broad base which was embedded in the atrial wall and continued into the interventricular septum. Histological examination showed angiosarcomatous features and signs of a less than radical excision. The patient, who made an uneventful recovery, was given postoperative radiotherapy. After 36 months there are no signs of recurrence or metastasis. PMID- 6537795 TI - Perfusion of occluded retinal veins in the cat's eye. AB - The organisation and adherence of a clot induced experimentally in the retinal vein of a cat was studied in vitro. For this purpose a retinal vein was treated in vivo with argon laser photocoagulation in 31 eyes, and each eye was removed at periods of time varying between 3 hours and 7 days after treatment. The freshly enucleated eye was then placed in a perfusion chamber with the cornea under a contact lens, and the retinal vessels were perfused under direct microscopic visualisation. It appears that the hydrostatic pressure and flow needed to perfuse the obstructed vein has to be increased with elapsing time, and that 7 days after laser treatment the retinal vessel becomes permanently occluded. PMID- 6537796 TI - Fibrinogenolytic afibrinogenemia after envenomation by western diamondback rattlesnake (Crotalus atrox). AB - The absence of fibrinogen and the presence of plasmic fragments X, Y, D, and E were demonstrated in a patient bitten by a western diamondback rattlesnake, Crotalus atrox. The factor VIII level and the platelet count were within normal limits. There were distinct changes of protease inhibitors in the patient's plasma. Alpha-1-protease inhibitor was elevated. Antithrombin-III was only slightly decreased after the envenomation, but alpha 2-antiplasmin and alpha 2 macroglobulin were initially significantly lowered, returning to normal values in 38 and 3 days, respectively. Plasmin-alpha 2-antiplasmin complex was present until day 10 after the envenomation. However, purified plasminogen was not activated in vitro by the venom. Cultured endothelial and smooth muscle cells from human blood vessels released an increased amount of plasminogen activator upon incubation with the venom. The release did not result from cell lysis. Platelets in normal human platelet-rich plasma were aggregated by 10 micrograms/ml of the venom, without serotonin secretion. The aggregation kinetics and serotonin secretion induced by adenosine diphosphate (ADP) or arachidonate were not significantly affected by the venom at 1-10 micrograms/ml. It is concluded that the predominant mechanism of afibrinogenemia in the patient after Crotalus atrox bite resulted from primary fibrinogenolysis and not from a consumptive coagulopathy. The lytic state seemed to be induced through an indirect activation of plasminogen by vascular plasminogen activator, which was probably released from endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells by the snake venom. PMID- 6537797 TI - Quantification of platelet-bound IgG by 125I-Staphylococcal protein A in immune thrombocytopenic purpura and other thrombocytopenic disorders. AB - In this report we describe the use of an 125I-Staphylococcal protein A (SPA) assay to measure platelet-bound IgG in the evaluation of 62 thrombocytopenic patients. Platelets from 150 normal subjects were found to bind 146 +/- 112 molecules of SPA per platelet (mean +/- 2 SD). Nineteen of 20 patients with untreated immune thrombocytopenia had platelet IgG values above this range, with 15 of 20 having values above 1,000 molecules of SPA per platelet. Patients with immune thrombocytopenic purpura by clinical criteria, but who had failed conventional therapy (corticosteroids or splenectomy), had a wide range of platelet IgG levels: 4 of 20 had normal values, 6 of 20 had minimally elevated levels in the range seen with nonimmune thrombocytopenia, and 10 of 20 had much higher values. Fifteen patients with thrombocytopenia of apparent nonimmune origin and 7 others with chronic stable thrombocytopenia of unknown etiology were found to have platelet IgG levels within or only slightly above the normal range. Because of its simplicity, accuracy, and clinical correlation, the 125I-SPA assay provides an important new approach for studying platelet IgG in thrombocytopenic states. The data obtained with this technique are similar to those found in immune hemolytic anemia and suggest that the platelet-bound IgG so measured has pathophysiologic relevance in immune thrombocytopenic purpura. PMID- 6537798 TI - Early detection of cisplatin ototoxicity. Selected case reports. AB - A recently developed high frequency auditory measurement technique was applied to a sample of patients receiving the antineoplastic agent cis dichlorodiammineplatinum II (cisplatin [CDDP, DDP]). Ototoxicity as a result of cisplatin administration is well documented. The ability to detect ototoxicity, however, varies with the methods and instrumentation utilized, and the criteria by which ototoxicity is defined. The auditory function of subjects receiving cisplatin for genitourinary tumors and head and neck cancers was serially monitored with conventional audiometry and with a high frequency testing system. Results reveal a high incidence of nonreversible cochlear toxicity with a predilection for involvement of the higher frequencies. Cochlear toxicity was detected earlier with the high frequency evaluation system than with conventional audiometry. The case reports presented are characteristic of the type and magnitude of auditory changes observed. PMID- 6537799 TI - Bioactivities, estrogen receptor interactions, and plasminogen activator-inducing activities of tamoxifen and hydroxy-tamoxifen isomers in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells. AB - Tamoxifen is used widely in the treatment of endocrine-responsive breast cancers in humans. Studies were undertaken to examine the biological character (estrogenic-antiestrogenic properties) and estrogen receptor (ER) interaction of the cis- and trans-isomers of tamoxifen and hydroxytamoxifen in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells. For each compound, the following parameters were monitored: affinity for ER and effects on cellular ER levels; stimulation-inhibition of cell growth, plasminogen activator activity, and cellular progesterone receptor levels; and isomer interconversion and metabolism in vitro. The relative binding affinities of the compounds cis-tamoxifen, trans-tamoxifen, cis-hydroxytamoxifen, and trans-hydroxytamoxifen for cytosol ER were 0.3, 2.5, 1.8, and 310%, respectively, in which the affinity of estradiol is considered 100%. cis Tamoxifen behaved as a weak estrogen agonist in all assays, while trans-tamoxifen was an effective estrogen antagonist. cis-Tamoxifen behaved like estradiol in stimulating MCF-7 cell growth and increasing plasminogen activator activity and cellular progesterone receptor content, although very much higher concentrations of cis-tamoxifen (10(-6) M) were needed to achieve the levels of stimulation observed with 10(-10) M estradiol. trans-Tamoxifen and trans-hydroxytamoxifen suppressed cell growth, inhibited plasminogen activator activity of control cells, and suppressed estradiol-stimulation of plasminogen activator activity, and they evoked minimal increases in cellular progesterone receptor levels. trans Hydroxytamoxifen had a 100-fold increased affinity for ER and was approximately 100-times more potent than was trans-tamoxifen in suppressing cell growth and plasminogen activator activity. cis-Hydroxytamoxifen behaved as an estrogen antagonist, suppressing cell growth and plasminogen activator activity, and it elicited submaximal increases in progesterone receptor levels. This apparently paradoxical behavior of cis-hydroxytamoxifen was shown to be due to the fact that the cis- and trans-hydroxytamoxifens readily undergo isomeric interconversion upon exposure to our cell culture conditions, resulting in substantial accumulation of the higher-affinity trans-hydroxytamoxifen in the nuclear ER fraction of cells. In contrast to the facile interconversion of the hydroxytamoxifen isomers, there is no metabolism or interconversion of the parent compounds cis- and trans-tamoxifen in vitro. Hence, by the criteria we have used, the biological characters of trans-tamoxifen and trans-hydroxytamoxifen are similar, the major difference being the approximately 100-fold enhanced potency of the hydroxylated form. In contrast, cis-t PMID- 6537800 TI - Quinone-induced DNA damage and its relationship to antitumor activity in L5178Y lymphoblasts. AB - The presence of a quinone group in the structure of a series of model compounds was shown to produce cell kill by a mechanism involving free radicals and active oxygen species. Furthermore, the ability of the compound to bind to DNA appeared to enhance its cytocidal activity. The same model compounds were used to investigate the effect of the quinone group on cellular DNA. DNA single-strand breaks, DNA double-strand breaks, and DNA-DNA cross-linking induced by the model compounds were measured by elution assays. Hydrolyzed benzoquinone mustard, which contains a quinone group, induced dose-dependent single-strand and double-strand breaks but no DNA cross-linking. Benzoquinone mustard, which possesses both a quinone moiety and an active alkylating group, produced dose-dependent DNA double strand breaks but no apparent single-strand breaks. However, this compound produced significant levels of DNA cross-linking, a process which interferes with the assay for single-strand breaks. The relative activity of benzoquinone mustard in inducing DNA double-strand breaks was approximately 15,000-fold greater than that of hydrolyzed benzoquinone mustard. Aniline mustard, which has the same alkylating group as does benzoquinone mustard but no quinone function, produced lower levels of DNA-DNA cross-links and no DNA strand breaks. The induction of both DNA single-strand and double-strand breaks by hydrolyzed benzoquinone mustard was significantly inhibited by the cell-protective enzymes superoxide dismutase and catalase. The cytotoxic activity of hydrolyzed benzoquinone mustard appeared to correlate with the induction of DNA single- and double-strand breaks. These studies provided evidence that the presence of a quinone group in the chemical structure of a compound results in the production of DNA strand breaks. DNA damage was inhibited by superoxide dismutase and catalase, suggesting the involvement of free radicals and active oxygen species. The induction of DNA damage appeared to be enhanced by the ability of the compound to bind to DNA. The induction of strand breaks may correlate with the cytotoxic activity of the quinone agents. PMID- 6537801 TI - Acute effects of cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (CDDP) on renal function. AB - Ten previously untreated patients with metastatic non-seminomatous testicular carcinoma received cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (CDDP). Renal function studies were performed before and following the first CDDP infusion. A decrease in effective renal plasma flow (ERPF) and an increase in filtration fraction (FF) was found in all patients. These findings suggest primary changes in renal hemodynamics during CDDP infusion. PMID- 6537803 TI - Frequency of sister chromatid exchanges in human lymphocytes cultivated with a human hepatoma cell line as an indicator of the carcinogenic potency of two cyclopenta[a]phenanthrenes. AB - We demonstrate here that the carcinogen 15,16-dihydro-11 methylcyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-one can cause sister chromatid exchange in human lymphocytes as well as it can cause mutation in bacterial cells and in V79 hamster cells. The non-methylated parent compound which has no tumorigenic action and yet significantly mutates both Salmonella typhimurium TA 100 and hamster V79 cells, has no effect on the frequency of sister chromatid exchange. These results support the idea that sister chromatid exchanges are a valuable additional indicator of tumorigenic potential. PMID- 6537802 TI - Increased tissue deposition and decreased excretion of platinum following administration of cisplatin to cisplatin-pretreated animals. AB - Guinea pigs were pretreated IP with cisplatin (10 mg/kg) for various times before IV administration of 195mPt-labeled cisplatin. Concentrations of 195mplatinum were greater in tissues of pretreated animals than in those of control animals. Amounts of 195mplatinum in subcellular fractions from pretreated rabbits were similarly greater in pretreated animals. Amounts of radioactivity appeared to be greatest in animals receiving a larger number of pretreatment injections, even though the total amount of cisplatin administered was equal in all groups. BUN was elevated on day 1 after the radioactive dose only in those animals which had been pretreated. Urinary excretion of platinum was significantly less in pretreated than in control animals. It appears that pretreatment with cisplatin damages the kidney severely enough for subsequent doses of cisplatin not to be excreted as efficiently, thus leading to a greater tissue deposition of platinum in pretreated animals. PMID- 6537804 TI - Selection of subjects for investigation of host factors affecting drug response: a method to identify new pharmacogenetic conditions. PMID- 6537805 TI - Uterine steroid receptor changes associated with progesterone withdrawal during pregnancy and pseudopregnancy in rabbits. AB - Cytosolic and nuclear progesterone (P) and estrogen (E) receptors (PR and ER, respectively) were measured in uterine tissues of rabbits at the end of pregnancy (days 25, 27, 29, 30, and 31 and 0-10 h postpartum) and pseudopregnancy (days 13 and 18). At both times, plasma P concentrations fell dramatically after a period of prolonged elevation, effecting changes in uterine function. Plasma concentrations of P remained elevated until day 29 of pregnancy and then fell continuously until postpartum, whereas plasma estradiol levels did not change. The numbers of nuclear ER and PR were constant from days 25-29. Concomitant with the fall in plasma P on day 30, levels of nuclear ER and PR doubled and remained elevated on day 31 and postpartum. In all cases, the numbers of nuclear receptors were negatively correlated with P concentrations. The number of cystosolic ER in the myometrium increased on day 30 of pregnancy and remained elevated on day 31 and postpartum. Although levels of cytosolic ER in the endometrium appeared to rise similarly, the change was not significant. The number of cytosolic PR in endometrium and myometrium did not change significantly. Between days 13 and 18 of pseudopregnancy, plasma P declined while plasma estradiol remained constant, as during pregnancy. At this time, cytosolic PR increased 4-fold, and nuclear PR doubled. Nuclear ER also increased between days 13 and 18, but the apparent increase in cytosolic ER was not significant. These data suggest that receptors for both steroids increase as the ratio of plasma estradiol to P increases at the end of pregnancy and pseudopregnancy. Surprisingly, nuclear PR levels are highest at term, when the influence of P in suppressing myometrial activity and preventing the onset of labor is removed. Thus, in the rabbit, the level of PR does not directly reflect the physiological response to P. PMID- 6537807 TI - High affinity binding of [3H]R5020 and [3H]progesterone by putative progesterone receptors in cytosol and nuclear extract of turtle oviduct. AB - The purpose of this investigation was to identify and characterize putative cytosolic and nuclear forms of progesterone receptor in the female reproductive tract of a turtle, Chrysemys picta. A dextran-coated charcoal adsorption assay and DNA-cellulose affinity chromatography were used as the primary methodologies with [3H]R5020 [3H-labeled 17 alpha-dimethyl-19-norpregna-4,9-diene-3,20-dione) and [3H]progesterone (P4) as the ligands. The receptor was of high affinity (Kd = 4.7 X 10(-10) M for [3H]P4; 2.2 X 10(-10) M for [3H]R5020) and limited capacity (500-6000 fmol/g tissue wet wt). Association was rapid (apparent equilibrium being reached in 30-40 min), as was dissociation (t1/2 = 45 min for [3H]P4 and 180 min for [3H] R5020). The putative receptor demonstrated strict steroid specificity, binding progestins but not estrogens, androgens, or glucocorticoids. Heterogeneity of the cytosolic receptor was demonstrated as two forms eluting off DNA-cellulose columns at 0.2- and 0.3-M salt concentrations. Binding of cytosolic receptor to DNA-cellulose was not increased by preexposure of cytosol to 25 C for 30 min. Some variations in cytosolic, but not nuclear, receptor were associated with different stages of the reproductive cycle and were positively correlated with body weight. Preliminary studies using an explant culture system suggest that the progesterone receptor in turtle oviduct may be maintained by estrogen and translocated from the cytosol to the nucleus by P4. In summary, we have partially characterized a putative P4 receptor in the oviduct of the turtle that is similar to mammalian and avian P4 receptors in specificity, affinity, and other physicochemical properties, supporting the idea that steroid receptor proteins have been highly conserved in vertebrate evolution. However, temperature sensitivity of activation and DNA affinity are different in the turtle and suggest modifications that may be related to physiological adaptation in such a poikilothermic species. PMID- 6537806 TI - Regulation of brain aromatase activity in rats. AB - We studied the distribution and regulation of aromatase activity in the adult rat brain with a sensitive in vitro assay that measures the amount of 3H2O formed during the conversion of [1 beta-3H]androstenedione to estrone. The rate of aromatase activity in the hypothalamus-preoptic area (HPOA) was linear with time up to 1 h, and with tissue concentrations up to 5 mgeq/200 microliters incubation mixture. The enzyme demonstrated a pH optimum of 7.4 and an apparent Michaelis Menten constant (Km) of 0.04 microns. We found the greatest amount of aromatase activity in amygdala and HPOA from intact male rats. The hippocampus, midbrain tegmentum, cerebral cortex, cerebellum, and anterior pituitary all contained negligible enzymatic activity. Castration produced a significant decrease in aromatase activity in the HPOA (P less than 0.001), but not in the amygdala or cerebral cortex (P greater than 0.05). The HPOAs of male rats contained significantly greater aromatase activity than the HPOAs of female rats. In females, this enzyme activity did not change during the estrous cycle or after ovariectomy. Administration of testosterone to gonadectomized male and female rats significantly enhanced HPOA aromatase activities (P less than 0.05) to levels approximating those found in HPOA from intact males. Therefore, our results suggest that testosterone, or one of its metabolites, is a major steroidal regulator of HPOA aromatase activity in rats. PMID- 6537808 TI - Changes in concentrations of estradiol nuclear receptors in the preoptic area, medial basal hypothalamus, amygdala, and pituitary gland of middle-aged and old cycling rats. AB - This study determined whether the biochemical characteristics of the estradiol (E2) nuclear receptor located in three different brain areas and the pituitary gland (PIT) change in aging rats undergoing declining reproductive function. To measure maximal E2 nuclear receptor concentrations, groups of young (3-4 months old), middle-aged (8-11 months old), and old (16-18 months old) cycling rats were injected iv with E2 to translocate maximally cytosolic receptors into the nucleus. One hour later they were killed and nuclear extracts were prepared. Maximal E2 nuclear receptor concentrations and dissociation constants were assessed in the preoptic area (POA), medial basal hypothalamus (MBH), amygdala (AMYG), and PIT using an in vitro exchange assay and covariance analyses of double reciprocal plots (Lineweaver-Burk). Middle-aged cycling rats exhibited decreased E2 nuclear receptor concentrations in the POA, but no change in the MBH, AMYG, or PIT. Old rats exhibited decreased E2 nuclear receptor concentrations in the POA, MBH, and PIT and an unexpected increase in the AMYG. There was no change in the affinity of the receptor with age, although an apparent decrease in the pituitary E2 nuclear receptor of middle-aged rats was observed. This difference was not detected when saturation analyses were performed using varying dilutions of the pituitary nuclear extract. These results demonstrate that changes occur in maximal numbers of E2 nuclear receptors in the POA of middle-aged rats. As animals age further, the changes encompass a larger brain area and include the PIT. The data suggest that changes in E2 nuclear receptor concentrations may contribute to the age-related decline in reproductive function. PMID- 6537809 TI - Hormone-independent activation of adenylate cyclase in large steroidogenic ovine luteal cells does not result in increased progesterone secretion. AB - The role of cAMP in controlling steroidogenesis in small and large ovine luteal cells was examined. Corpora lutea collected from superovulated ewes (9-11 days postovulation) were dissociated, and the two cell types were purified by elutriation. Both cell types were incubated for 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 h at 37 C with ovine LH (100 ng/ml), cholera toxin (100 ng/ml), or forskolin (50 microM). At each time point, progesterone levels were measured in the medium. Adenylate cyclase activity and cAMP concentrations in the cells and incubation medium were also determined. Progesterone secretion by small cells was significantly stimulated by ovine LH (up to 7.3-fold), cholera toxin (up to 4.2-fold), and forskolin (up to 4.5-fold) during the 4-h incubation. Intracellular levels of cAMP were significantly elevated in the small cells by ovine LH (up to 2.5-fold) and forskolin (up to 5.6-fold). Accumulation of cAMP in medium after incubation of small cells was also significantly stimulated by ovine LH (up to 215-fold), cholera toxin (up to 93-fold), and forskolin (up to 1105-fold). Adenylate cyclase activity, however, was only significantly stimulated by cholera toxin (2.6-fold) and forskolin (3.8-fold). None of the treatments stimulated progesterone secretion by large cells at any time (less than 1.6-fold). Intracellular levels of cAMP in the large cells were not elevated after treatment with ovine LH, but were elevated in cells treated with cholera toxin (up to 2.8-fold) and forskolin (up to 2.6-fold). Accumulation of cAMP in the medium was markedly increased with forskolin treatment (106-fold). Adenylate cyclase activity was found to be significantly stimulated by cholera toxin (2.2-fold) and forskolin (up to 5.1 fold), but not by ovine LH (less than 1.1-fold). Steroid secretion in the small cells appears to be enhanced by elevated intracellular cAMP levels. However, treatments that result in dramatic increases in intracellular levels of cAMP failed to influence the secretion of progesterone in large cells. PMID- 6537811 TI - Washington outlook, 1984. PMID- 6537810 TI - Changes in thalamic nociception resulting from morphine- and meperidine dependence in rats. AB - Rats were injected with progressively increasing doses of morphine or meperidine during a period of 3 to 40 days. From this colony of animals individual rats were used at 3- to 4-day intervals for electrophysiologic experiments to analyze the activity of nociceptive neurons in the somesthetic thalamus. After an i.p. injection of chloralose-urethane and the appropriate preparation for a stereotaxic microelectrode penetration of the thalamus, a nociceptive neuron was identified in the nucleus ventralis posterolateralis by its unique spacing of spike potentials emitted in response to pricking the foot with a pin. In addition to the short-latency response that formed a high activity peak on poststimulus time histograms, spikes following the stimulus up to 500 ms also formed activity peaks. Single-pulse stimulation of the sciatic nerve evoked the same response as pinpricks, but innocuous stimuli (pin shielded with a piece of cork) evoked a response without the late activity peaks. Only neurons that exhibited this differential response were regarded as nociceptive. Their response and spontaneous activity were accumulated separately on a digital computer. Following this, naloxone was infused i.v. and the computer accumulations were repeated. It was found that during naloxone-precipitated narcotic withdrawal, innocuous stimuli evoked responses indicative of pain; the nociceptive system was sensitized. Furthermore, a small dose or morphine or meperidine heightened the sensitization. This action of the narcotic agents was reversed by 5 hydroxytryptophan, which assisted the narcotics in suppressing pain in morphine- or meperidine-dependent rats but had no demonstrable effect in control animals. The spontaneous tonic activity of the nociceptive neurons of the somesthetic thalamus was high in rats exhibiting narcotic dependence. Naloxone decreased the count, but not to the value of the control animals. The sensitization of nociception can be explained by a decreased action of a neural pathway that descends from the periaqueductal gray matter via the nucleus raphe magnus to the spinal cord and there blocks the excitation of the spinothalamic tract cells by A delta and C fibers. The mechanisms that increase the spontaneous activity of the thalamic nociceptive neurons remain unclear. PMID- 6537812 TI - Tumor conference No 51 widespread Kaposi's sarcoma in a young man. PMID- 6537813 TI - Isovolumic relaxation period in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. AB - Previous reports have demonstrated that patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy have a prolonged isovolumic relaxation period as a result of a delay in mitral valve opening, reflecting a reduced rate of fall of left ventricular pressure. This period as measured from the aortic closure sound (A2 on phonocardiogram) to the opening of the mitral valve (on echocardiogram) was determined in 84 patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and compared with findings in 31 normal volunteers. The duration of the isovolumic relaxation period in the 84 patients had a wide range from 0 to 160 ms (mean 71 +/- 32) that was not significantly different from that in normal subjects (63 +/- 11 ms). However, it was possible to identify a group of 15 patients with an extremely short isovolumic relaxation period, 2 standard deviations below the normal range. This shortening was due to a marked delay in aortic closure sound (A2) due to late left ventricular-aortic pressure crossover, as well as early opening of the mitral valve secondary to elevated left atrial pressure, which was confirmed by hemodynamic correlations and digitized echocardiographic data. In this subset of patients, A2 is a poor marker of the onset of rapid left ventricular pressure decline and, thus, the interval from A2 to mitral valve opening is not a valid reflection of left ventricular relaxation. It is concluded that in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, both the timing and sequence of relaxation are abnormal, as is the rate of relaxation. Furthermore, the isovolumic relaxation period is multifactorially determined and depends not only on the rate of left ventricular pressure decline, but also on the magnitude of the pressure drop from A2 to mitral valve opening. All of these determinants must be kept in mind when the isovolumic relaxation period is used as a measure of left ventricular relaxation. PMID- 6537814 TI - Effect of phase shift on monoamine oxidase activity in different regions of the rat brain as a function of age. AB - The effect of reversed light-dark cycle on the monoamine oxidase activity of different regions of the rat brain in various age groups was studied. Twenty-one day-old rats showed an irregular pattern of shift in the appearance of the peak activity. In the case of 3-, 6-, and 12-month-old rats, all the regions of the brain became synchronized to the altered environmental condition, and the peak MAO activity was shifted by 180 degrees. In the cerebral cortex of 24-month-old rats the peak was shifted by only 60 degrees, whereas a 120 degrees shift was observed for all the other regions. The present study suggests that the synchronizing effect of the light-dark cycle is age dependent. PMID- 6537816 TI - Pseudocyesis in the male. AB - This report describes a case of pseudocyesis in a male patient and reviews the literature in pseudocyesis in the male and female. Pseudocyesis is a rare psychiatric syndrome with only about 100 cases reported in females and three in males in the past 45 years. The authors suggest that somatic factors may play a role in the genesis of some cases of pseudocyesis by stimulating pregnancy wishes and interacting with these wishes to set up a psychophysiological interaction leading to the clinical syndrome of pseudocyesis. PMID- 6537815 TI - Molecular mechanisms of lymphocyte extravasation. I. Studies of two selective inhibitors of lymphocyte recirculation. AB - Pertussigen, a protein toxin purified from Bordetella pertussis, and fucoidin, a high molecular weight sulfated polysaccharide, were analyzed for their ability to inhibit lymphocyte recirculation in vivo. Pertussigen treatment of lymphocytes resulted in a dosage- and time-dependent loss of their ability to localize in lymph nodes or Peyer's patches. This toxin-induced alteration did not reverse after extended lymphocyte culture in toxin-free media, and had no effect on lymphocyte viability or activation by mitogens. Furthermore, pertussigen-treated lymphocytes retained the ability to specifically adhere to high endothelial cells in an in vitro binding assay. Kinetic studies suggested that the toxin's molecular action on lymphocytes is analogous to that reported for pancreatic islets and hormone-responsive cultured cell lines. Inhibition of lymphocyte recirculation by fucoidin was also observed in vivo. Fucoidin-mediated inhibition of lymphocyte localization to peripheral lymph nodes was reversible with time, and could not be effected by pretreatment of lymphocytes with the polysaccharide. Furthermore, we confirmed the observation that fucoidin blocks lymphocyte adhesion to high endothelial cells in vitro. On the basis of these observations, we propose that the mechanism of lymphocyte extravasation involves a specific receptor-mediated binding event followed by an adenylate cyclase-dependent activation of cell motility. Fucoidin is capable of interfering with the primary adhesion event, whereas pertussigen selectively inhibits the second process to block lymphocyte recirculation in vivo. PMID- 6537817 TI - Trauma to the bones of small infants from passive exercise: a factor in the etiology of child abuse. AB - Four infants, three premature and one term, developed serious bony injury from parent- or caretaker-administered passive exercises. In the three infants born prematurely, the exercise program was prescribed by neonatal intensive care unit staff before discharge; in the fourth infant, the babysitter initiated the program. In each case the passive exercise was begun to diminish actual or presumed muscle tightness. When these infants were presented to the physician with a serious traumatic injury between the ages of 4 and 10 months, the presumptive diagnosis of child abuse was made after radiologic assessment revealed multiple bone injuries. The several traumatic injuries to bones resulting from the home-administered physical therapy were most impressive. Passive exercise in three of the four infants was a significant factor in the cause of their injuries. Caution must be used in prescribing this form of "therapy" in small infants. PMID- 6537818 TI - Action of temperature-sensitive mutants of myeloproliferative sarcoma virus suggests that fibroblast-transforming and hematopoietic transforming viral properties are related. AB - The myeloproliferative sarcoma virus is molecularly related to the Moloney sarcoma virus (Pragnell et al., J. Virol. 38:952-957, 1981), but causes both fibroblast transformation in vitro and leukemic changes--including spleen focus formation--in adult mice. The fibroblast transforming properties of myeloproliferative sarcoma virus were used to select viral temperature-sensitive mutants at 39.5 degrees C, the nonpermissive temperature. These mutants are temperature sensitive in the maintenance of the transformed state. This was also shown by cytoskeletal changes of the infected cells at permissive and nonpermissive temperatures. Viruses released from cells maintained at both the permissive and nonpermissive temperature are temperature sensitive in fibroblast transformation functions. All temperature-sensitive mutants show only a low reversion rate to wild-type transforming function. The myeloproliferative sarcoma virus temperature-sensitive mutants are inefficient in causing leukemic transformation (spleen enlargement, focus formation) in mice at the normal temperature. A method to maintain a low body temperature (33 to 34 degrees C) in mice is described. One temperature-sensitive mutant was checked at low body temperature and did not induce leukemia. These data thus indicate that the same or related viral functions are responsible for hematopoietic and fibroblast transformation. PMID- 6537821 TI - Indication and results of semirigid penile prostheses in spinal cord injury patients: long-term followup. AB - During the last 7 years semirigid intracorporeal penile prostheses were inserted in 36 spinal cord injury patients between 21 and 58 years old (average age 38.5 years). An operation was done 1 to 32 years after the initial injury (average 10 years). Surgical intervention was intended to provide an adequate body to the penile shaft so as to hold an external urinary drainage device in 11 patients, for treatment of sexual dysfunction only in 17 and for an external urinary drainage device plus treatment of sexual inadequacy in 8. Although a number of complications causing extrusion or removal of the prosthesis occurred in 6 patients (16.5 per cent), as well as an aborted operation in 1 (19.5 per cent), there were no permanent sequelae. Because of loss of sensation and vasomotor control, and pressure produced by the penile prosthesis spinal cord injury patients represent a higher operative risk than other patients without neurological or vascular impairments. In addition, urinary tract infection should not be overlooked as another major risk factor. Penile prostheses were most successful in maintenance of external urinary appliances in patients with a short or retractile penis. Whenever the prosthesis was intended for sexual intercourse an important prerequisite to a successful surgical outcome was the retention of some reflexogenic or psychogenic erection over and above the rods. Careful individual preoperative assessment is advised if a satisfactory result is to be achieved. PMID- 6537819 TI - The function(s) provided by the adenovirus-specified, DNA-binding protein required for viral late gene expression is independent of the role of the protein in viral DNA replication. AB - The adenovirus type 2 (Ad2) host range mutant Ad2hr400 grows efficiently in cultured monkey cells at 37 degrees C, but is cold sensitive for plaque formation and late gene expression at 32.5 degrees C. After nitrous acid mutagenesis of an Ad2hr400 stock, cold-resistant variants were selected in CV1 monkey cells at 32.5 degrees C. One such variant, Ad2ts400, was also temperature sensitive (ts) for growth in both CV1 and HeLa cells. Marker rescue analysis has been used to show that the two phenotypes, cold resistant and temperature sensitive, are due to two independent mutations, each of which resides in a different segment of the gene encoding the 72-kilodalton DNA binding protein (DBP). The cold-resistant mutation (map coordinates 63.6 to 66) is a host range alteration that enhances the ability of the virus to express late genes and grow productively in monkey cells at 32.5 degrees C. The temperature-sensitive mutation is in the same complementation group and maps to the same segment of the DBP gene (map coordinates 61.3 to 63.6) as the well-characterized DBP mutant Ad5ts125. Like Ad5ts125, Ad2ts400 is unable to replicate viral DNA or to properly shut off early mRNA expression at the nonpermissive temperature. Two sets of experiments with Ad2ts400 suggest that DBP contains separate functional domains. First, when CV1 cells are coinfected at the nonpermissive temperature with Ad2 plus Ad2ts400 (Ad2 allows DNA replication and entry into, but not completion of, the late phase of infection), normal late gene expression and productive growth occur. Second, temperature shift experiments show that, although DNA replication is severely restricted at the nonpermissive temperature in ts400-infected monkey cells, late gene expression occurs normally. These results indicate that the DBP activity required for normal late gene expression in monkey cells is functional even when the DBP's DNA replication activity is disrupted. PMID- 6537822 TI - Variations in urine composition during the day in patients with calcium oxalate stone disease. AB - The diurnal variations of urine composition with respect to calcium, magnesium, oxalate, citrate and inhibition of calcium oxalate crystal growth were studied in patients with recurrent calcium oxalate stone disease. There was considerable variation in the excretion of the different urine constituents with meal-related peaks, which was most pronounced for calcium. The highest concentration of calcium was observed before noon, and between 7 and 11 p.m. Oxalate concentration was highest between 6 and 10 a.m. Consequently, the highest levels of supersaturation were recorded between 6 and 10 a.m., and 6 and 10 p.m. The inhibition index was at the highest level during the first morning hours and could be important in counteracting crystal growth at that time. The risk of exceeding a theoretical formation product of calcium oxalate appeared to be low, with a 24-hour urine volume more than 2,000 ml. PMID- 6537820 TI - Isolation and characterization of measles virus intracellular nucleocapsid RNA. AB - Protocols have been established for the preparation of large amounts of pure measles virus intracellular nucleocapsids. As a result, it has been possible to routinely achieve nucleocapsid RNA yields of approximately 200 micrograms (from approximately 5 X 10(8) infected cells). Electrophoretic analysis of this RNA under denaturing conditions revealed a single species whose mass was estimated at approximately 4.8 X 10(6) daltons. Electron microscopic assessment of nucleocapsid RNA contour lengths corroborated the electrophoretic size determination. Total nucleocapsid RNA was shown to contain both negative- and positive-stranded species distributed in a ratio of 2 to 3 genome polarity molecules for each antigenome RNA. Hybridization studies established that all of the virus-specified polyadenylated RNAs were encoded by the negative-stranded nucleocapsid RNA and, therefore, that this nucleocapsid RNA was the measles genome. Examination of the measles virus-specified, polyadenylated transcription products by HCHO-agarose gel electrophoresis revealed at least nine distinct RNA species (rather than the six predicted measles mRNAs). The significance of these observations is discussed. PMID- 6537823 TI - The surgical management of left ventricular outflow tract obstruction due to tricuspid valve pouch in complete transposition of the great arteries. AB - Subpulmonary stenosis in transposition of the great arteries, resulting from a tricuspid valve pouch bulging into the left ventricular outflow tract through a ventricular septal defect, can be missed at the time of operation in the flaccid, nonbeating heart unless preoperative diagnosis has been established. In our experience, six patients were found to have this lesion. In four patients the tricuspid valve pouch was recognized preoperatively. At operation, retraction of the tricuspid valve pouch into the right ventricle, patch closure of the ventricular septal defect, and a Mustard procedure were performed in three patients; the fourth is awaiting correction following initial palliation with a subclavian-pulmonary shunt. In the other two, the ventricular septal defect was partially or completely obliterated by a tricuspid valve pouch that was missed preoperatively and during exploration at the time of the Mustard procedure. Residual left ventricular outflow tract obstruction was subsequently corrected with a left ventricle-pulmonary artery valved conduit. Echocardiographic and angiocardiographic examinations offer helpful signs for the diagnosis of tricuspid valve pouch. Transatrial retraction of the redundant tricuspid valve tissue into the right ventricle, patch closure of the ventricular septal defect, and Mustard operation are the procedures of choice. A left ventricle-pulmonary artery valved conduit may be required for residual unresectable left ventricular outflow tract obstruction. PMID- 6537824 TI - Platelet-bound IgG in immune thrombocytopenic purpura. PMID- 6537825 TI - Direct observation of motion of single F-actin filaments in the presence of myosin. AB - Actin is found in almost all kinds of non-muscle cells where it is thought to have an important role in cell motility. A proper understanding of that role will only be possible when reliable in vitro systems are available for investigating the interaction of cellular actin and myosin. A start has been made on several systems, most recently by Sheetz and Spudich who demonstrated unidirectional movement of HMM-coated beads along F-actin cables on arrays of chloroplasts exposed by dissection of a Nitella cell. As an alternative approach, we report here the direct observation by fluorescence microscopy of the movements of single F-actin filaments interacting with soluble myosin fragments energized by Mg2+ ATP. PMID- 6537826 TI - The origins of men with two X chromosomes. PMID- 6537827 TI - Genetic evidence of X-Y interchange in a human XX male. AB - Of the hypotheses put forward to explain why occasional individuals with two X chromosomes are nonetheless male, the one that has attracted most attention is the possibility that one of the X chromosomes has obtained a small piece of Y chromosome which is sufficient to produce 'maleness'. This hypothesis was based primarily on the observation that in two families with XX males both fathers were Xg(a+) and both probands Xg(a-). (Xg shows X-linked dominant inheritance.) This theory holds that an anomalous X-Y interchange at meiosis in the father resulted in the paternal X chromosome's losing the Xg gene and acquiring a male determining gene from the Y chromosome. While, for example, the frequencies of Xg phenotypes among XX males and the cytogenetic observation of a structural abnormality in one X are compatible with this hypothesis, direct evidence of it is lacking. Here we describe an XX male who expresses his father's allele for 12E7, a Y-linked marker, but fails to express his father's allele for Xg, an X linked marker. These findings strongly suggest that anomalous X-Y interchange occurred in this case and perhaps in that of many other XX males. We suggest that a male-determining gene on the Y has also been translocated to the X and caused maleness in the proband. These results are discussed in the light of current models of X-Y chromosomal homology. PMID- 6537828 TI - Human XX males with Y single-copy DNA fragments. AB - In humans, XX maleness is the best known example of a sex reversal syndrome occurring with an incidence of one XX male among approximately 20,000 to 30,000 newborn boys. The karyotypes of the majority of these individuals are apparently normal, with respect to the numbers and structure of the chromosomes, but is in contradiction with the phenotypic sex which they display. XX maleness may be either a non Y-related mechanism triggered by a mutation on another chromosome or could be the result of the expression of some cytogenetically undetectable Y chromosome material present in the genome of such individuals. Recently, a number of human Y-specific single copy probes have been isolated. In this study, using several of these Y-specific probes we definitively demonstrate the presence of Y chromosomal material in the genome of some 46,XX human males. These XX males carry only a fraction of the human Y chromosome. In the three positive cases reported here, presence of inclusive overlapping chromosomal fragments has been detected, implying a genetic heterogeneity of these patients. PMID- 6537829 TI - Type II complex partial seizures: poor results of anterior temporal lobectomy. AB - Reasons why nine patients with Type II complex partial seizures continue to have disabling attacks after anterior temporal lobectomy were sought. Videotaped seizures revealed extratemporal features during onset of ictus, such as postural, contraversive head, eyes, and focal motor movements in four patients, and automatic ambulation, running, and motions similar to bicycling action or "bringing in a catch of fish" in five patients. Depth electrographic patterns also suggested a focus outside the hippocampus or amygdala in seven patients. Two patients had frontal lobe dysfunction on neuropsychological tests. Anterior temporal lobectomy is not indicated in Type II complex partial seizures. PMID- 6537830 TI - Melioidosis and bilateral third-nerve palsies. AB - Central nervous system involvement in melioidosis is unusual. We describe a 34 year-old man who developed a Pseudomonas pseudomallei meningitis, manifested as bilateral third-nerve palsies, 13 years after having been in southeast Asia. Diagnosis was established by a fourfold rise in the serum antibody titer for the bacterium. Recovery occurred after treatment with rifampin, isoniazid hydrochloride, ethambutol, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Since a long latent period from exposure to overt infection is possible, additional cases of melioidosis in the United States can still be expected in veterans of the Vietnam War. PMID- 6537831 TI - Eosinophilic meningitis and ibuprofen therapy. AB - We describe eosinophilic meningitis associated with ibuprofen therapy in a young woman who had no evidence of underlying illness. Discontinuation of ibuprofen was followed by prompt resolution of symptoms and disappearance of eosinophils from the CSF. Ibuprofen has been implicated previously in only five cases of aseptic meningitis--all in patients with an underlying autoimmune disease. No drug has been implicated previously as a cause of eosinophilic meningitis to our knowledge. PMID- 6537832 TI - Speech arrest and supplementary motor area seizures. AB - A right-handed man had recurrent episodes of speech arrest that were focal epileptic seizures. A metastatic adenocarcinoma was identified and removed from the left supplementary motor area. The similarity of these rare seizures to transient ischemic attacks may lead to an erroneous and hazardous misdiagnosis. PMID- 6537833 TI - Cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea caused by bromocriptine therapy of prolactinoma. AB - We studied a man with cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea due to bromocriptine-induced shrinkage of a prolactin-secreting pituitary tumor. Unlike other reported cases with pituitary tumors and rhinorrhea, our patient never had previous radiotherapy or surgery. The fistula was clearly demonstrated by CT. The original signs included homonymous hemianopia due to a left optic tract compression. Bromocriptine treatment is an invaluable adjunct in long-term management of invasive prolactinomas, but surgical intervention is indicated if a CSF fistula results. PMID- 6537834 TI - Heparin therapy for stroke: hemorrhagic complications and risk factors for intracerebral hemorrhage. AB - Hemorrhages occurred in 16 (3.1%) of 510 patients treated with continuous intravenous heparin for acute cerebral infarction (269), reversible ischemic neurologic deficit (81), or transient ischemic attack (160). Three patients (0.6%) had intracerebral hematomas. Risk factors included abnormal CT within 24 hours of onset of symptoms (3.2%), severe neurologic deficit (2.8%), two acute infarcts by CT (2.1%), known source of embolus (1.3%), and final diagnosis of cerebral infarction (1.1%). The only identifiable risk factor for systemic hemorrhage (GI 1.0%, GU 0.8%, muscle 0.4%, skin 0.1%) was age over 60 years. The incidence of intraspinal hematoma was 0.6%. Two of the intracerebral hematomas were fatal, and mortality was 31% in patients with hemorrhagic complications; however, the risk of CNS hemorrhage was only 0.8%. PMID- 6537835 TI - Localized pontine lesion: nearly total absence of REM sleep. AB - Eight whole-night polysomnographic recordings were conducted in a 33-year-old man with a localized pontine lesion inflicted by a shrapnel fragment. Sleep recordings revealed no rapid eye movement (REM) sleep in 3 nights, and markedly reduced REM sleep in 5 nights; non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep was normal. In spite of marked reduction of REM sleep, the patient conducted a normal life and had none of the typical symptoms of REM-sleep deprivation. PMID- 6537836 TI - Neurologists' knowledge of medication costs. AB - Using mailed questionnaires, neurologists were asked for (1) estimates of retail prices for 39 common drugs, (2) attitudes about drug costs, and (3) implications for clinical practice. Among these practitioners, (1) more product prices were overestimated than underestimated, (2) old products were as unfamiliar as new products, and (3) community practitioners were more aware of prices than academic neurologists and trainees, but still made errors. Future studies should also consider physician prescribing behavior in terms of adherence to recommended laboratory tests and patient inconvenience factors. Neurologists should be aware of alternative prescription outlets for patients. PMID- 6537837 TI - Cerebral evoked potentials and somatosensory perception. AB - In normal subjects, somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) were produced by increases or decreases of the load on the biceps muscle during voluntary contraction. The stimuli lasted only 20 msec and caused less than 2 degrees of elbow flexion or extension. When the stimulus was applied during voluntary movement of the elbow, the SEP was attenuated, and the subject was less able to discriminate between loading and unloading pulses. In each of eight subjects, there was a positive correlation between the percentage of correct responses and the size of the SEP. The measurement of both SEPs and perceptual accuracy under various test conditions provides a refined technique for studying the relations between electrical events and sensory processes. PMID- 6537838 TI - Hereditary ataxias. PMID- 6537839 TI - Neuro-ophthalmic signs of hysteria. PMID- 6537840 TI - Lipomembranous polycysticosteodysplasia. PMID- 6537841 TI - Tunnel vision. PMID- 6537842 TI - Hyperglycemia and brain damage. PMID- 6537843 TI - Joseph disease in non-Portuguese. PMID- 6537844 TI - Diagnosis of acoustic tumors. PMID- 6537845 TI - Neglected symptoms of lacunar strokes. PMID- 6537847 TI - INH in multiple sclerosis. PMID- 6537846 TI - Lobar intracerebral hematomas. PMID- 6537848 TI - Bromocriptine and lisuride in dystonias. PMID- 6537849 TI - Epileptics refractory to anticonvulsants. PMID- 6537850 TI - Nonhemorrhagic infarction of the thalamus: behavioral, anatomic, and physiologic correlates. AB - We studied five patients with nonhemorrhagic thalamic infarction with neuropsychological tests, CT, and somatosensory evoked responses (SERs). The three patients with left thalamic lesions had abnormalities of language, memory, visuospatial processing, intellect, and personality-changes compatible with dementia. The two patients with right thalamic lesions were not aphasic and did not have verbal memory defects, but were otherwise comparable. Four lesions occurred in the tuberothalamic artery territory and one in the deep interpeduncular artery territory. SERs revealed a delay in the first negative peak after P14 in the tuberothalamic patients, and a delay in the third negative peak (N60) in all patients. PMID- 6537851 TI - Monitoring by compressed spectral array in prolonged coma. AB - Compressed spectral array (CSA) transforms the electroencephalogram into a succinct graphic display of changes in frequency and amplitude. We used CSA to monitor 51 comatose patients for at least 15 hours daily for up to 49 days. The crucial CSA feature was the presence or absence of a peak of activity within the theta or alpha frequency range (4.0 to 13 Hz). Persistence or return of this peak in the first 10 days of coma was seen in all patients who made a good recovery; continued absence of the peak for 10 days, or its return and loss, was associated with death or a residual disability. PMID- 6537852 TI - Apraxia and aphasia: the functional-anatomical basis for their dissociation. AB - We studied the functional and anatomical relationship between aphasia and apraxia in 177 patients with CT evidence of left hemisphere stroke. In six severe aphasics, praxis was spared; these cases were analyzed in detail. One patient had a small temporal lesion with severe Wernicke's aphasia. Large frontoparietal lesions were found in the others. The sparing of praxis suggested bilateral representation of visuokinesthetic motor patterns, and functionally active right parietofrontal connections. Some of these patients had uncommon patterns of skull asymmetries that may have been related to bilateral distribution of function. PMID- 6537853 TI - Racial differences in the distribution of anterior circulation occlusive disease. AB - We compared clinical and angiographic features of 26 white and 45 black patients with symptomatic occlusive cerebrovascular disease. White patients had more transient ischemic attacks, carotid bruits, and more severe occlusive disease of the internal carotid artery origin. Blacks had more severe disease of the middle cerebral artery stem and supraclinoid internal carotid arteries. Differences were not explained by racial differences in the prevalence of hypertension, diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, or ischemic heart disease. Since the middle cerebral artery lesions in blacks do not correlate with other accepted epidemiologic, clinical, and laboratory markers of atherosclerosis, the lesions may arise from a disorder that differs from atherosclerosis. PMID- 6537854 TI - Regenerated muscle fibers in Duchenne muscular dystrophy: a serial section study. AB - Muscle fibers from two boys with Duchenne muscular dystrophy and one normal boy were, for 6 mm, traced in serial sections. In normal muscle, we saw no branching or terminating fibers, and fiber diameters varied in different levels by +/- 5%. Dystrophic muscles showed signs of regeneration after segmental necrosis: multiple branchings, caliber variations, and short noninnervated fibers. In rats, muscle fibers regenerate without innervation but eventually they are replaced by fat cells. In Duchenne muscles, some regenerates lack innervation and possibly vanish as well; this may explain why regeneration finally fails. PMID- 6537856 TI - Familial syndrome of deafness, myoclonus, and cerebellar ataxia. AB - We report a case of identical twins with progressive sensorineural hearing loss, myoclonus, intention tremor, and ataxia. The involved member of the family may suggest of autosomal dominant transmission with variable penetrance. PMID- 6537855 TI - Mitochondrial encephalomyopathy with lactate-pyruvate elevation and brain infarctions. AB - We studied a patient with somatic growth failure with easy fatigability, myopathy with mitochondrial abnormality, increased lactate and pyruvate in blood and CSF, mental retardation, seizure, myoclonus, deafness, cerebellar ataxia, and blindness with macular degeneration and optic atrophy. Pathologic findings included multiple brain infarctions and massive calcification in the basal ganglia. Biochemical studies of isolated mitochondria revealed decreased oxygen consumption in skeletal muscle, diaphragm, and brain, suggesting an abnormality in the respiratory chain. PMID- 6537857 TI - Spontaneous periodic hypothermia. AB - We studied a patient with spontaneous periodic hypothermia, agenesis of corpus callosum (Shapiro's syndrome), polydipsia polyuria, and hyponatremia. Endocrine evaluation of hypothalamic-pituitary unit, thyroid, adrenals and gonads was normal. Results of a water deprivation test implied primary polydipsia. Four of 10 reported cases of Shapiro's syndrome had abnormalities in water metabolism. In view of the known effects of arginine vasopressin in thermoregulation, the recurrent hypothermia of this syndrome and the abnormalities of water metabolism may have a common pathogenetic mechanism. PMID- 6537858 TI - Devic's syndrome: antibody to glial fibrillary acidic protein in cerebrospinal fluid. AB - The cerebrospinal fluid of a patient with Devic's syndrome contained antiglial fibrillary acidic protein antibody. The serum level of antibody was less than that in cerebrospinal fluid, and the antibody was probably synthesized within the central nervous system. Similar antibody was not found in another patient with Devic's syndrome or in patients with multiple sclerosis. The role of the antibody in the patient's illness is uncertain, but is one of the few instances in which antibody against a specific brain antigen has been described in human demyelinating disease. PMID- 6537859 TI - Visual evoked potentials altered by serum IgG of patients with multiple sclerosis. AB - Immunoglobulin G, isolated from serum of patients with multiple sclerosis was repeatedly injected into guinea pigs and serial visual evoked potentials were recorded. Latency changes indicated a reversible delay in conduction velocity in the central visual pathways. This finding suggests that some component of immunoglobulin plays a role in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis. PMID- 6537860 TI - Cerebral hemodynamics in the diagnosis of normal pressure hydrocephalus. AB - We studied the effect of CSF drainage on cerebral blood flow (CBF) in normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) and non-NPH dementia using the 133Xenon inhalation technique. Dementia patients had lower CBF than matched elderly normals. Flow values for NPH and non-NPH patients did not differ before or after CSF drainage. CBF did not increase after lumbar puncture, and these measurements were not useful in predicting the outcome of ventricular shunt surgery. Postoperative CBF did not increase after successful shunting. PMID- 6537861 TI - Eye tracking dysfunction in Alzheimer-type dementia. AB - Performance on visual tracking tasks was measured in groups of Alzheimer-type dementia, pseudodementia of depression, and elderly normal controls. Smooth pursuit tracking errors were identified by counting the number of catch-up saccades required to compensate for failure of the smooth pursuit system. The group with Alzheimer-type dementia had significantly worse (p less than 0.0001) smooth pursuit tracking than either pseudodementia subjects or elderly normal controls. A strong correlation (r = 0.74, p less than 0.005) was found in Alzheimer patients between severity of visual tracking abnormality and severity of dementia. PMID- 6537862 TI - Respiratory insufficiency associated with pyelonephritis during pregnancy. AB - A previously unreported complication of acute pyelonephritis during pregnancy is described. Acute respiratory distress accompanied by varying manifestations of liver, kidney, hypothalamic, and hematopoietic dysfunction is chronicled in four women. Because these latter organ system effects are attributable to endotoxin, the authors postulate that endotoxin caused alveolar-capillary injury leading to respiratory failure in these pregnant women with acute renal infection. PMID- 6537863 TI - Urodynamic predictability of voiding following incontinence surgery. AB - To predict the duration of postoperative bladder drainage required after incontinence surgery, 30 patients were studied preoperatively using voiding simultaneous urethrocystometry. Based on changes in bladder, urethral, and abdominal pressures, patients were divided into three groups. Patients who demonstrated adequate bladder contraction during voiding did not need prolonged catheterization (P less than .005). Patients who did not demonstrate adequate detrusor contraction and used Valsalva maneuver during voiding were at 12 times greater risk of requiring prolonged postoperative catheterization (P less than .05). Changes observed in urethral and abdominal pressures individually during voiding were not significant predictors of the need for prolonged catheterization. Preoperative knowledge of voiding mechanisms can predict postoperative catheterization need. PMID- 6537864 TI - [Aseptic necrosis of the femoral head during combined administration of steroids and cytostatics]. PMID- 6537865 TI - Postmortem protocol. PMID- 6537866 TI - Axillary artery rupture caused by shoulder dislocation. AB - A case of axillary artery disruption following an anterior shoulder dislocation is reported, the eleventh such case in the past 25 years. As an alternative to dividing the pectoralis major tendon, two incisions, infraclavicular and transaxillary incisions, were used to repair the artery with an interposition Dacron graft. An absent radial pulse following a shoulder dislocation suggests the possibility of axillary artery injury, usually a dissected intimal flap but occasionally a ruptured vessel. Early arterial repair is indicated, preceded by arteriography, if available. Brachial plexus injury frequently accompanies arterial damage and is not affected by arterial repair. Permanent, partial motor dysfunction is common, especially involving the extensors of the hand. PMID- 6537867 TI - [An (unusual) case of ecthyma in goats]. PMID- 6537869 TI - Hypocholesterolemic effect of dietary soy protein versus casein in rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta). AB - Ten mature female rhesus monkeys were alternately fed semipurified diets containing casein or soy protein for periods of 13 to 17 wk. Each diet was fed for two periods. When the animals were changed from the commercial diet to the semipurified diet containing soy protein, a significant elevation in serum cholesterol occurred. The serum cholesterol levels gradually increased further, when the soy protein in the diet was replaced by casein. However, when subsequently the casein in the diet was replaced by soy protein, a significant decrease in serum cholesterol levels was observed. Finally, when the animals were changed back to the casein diet, a significant increase in serum cholesterol again occurred. Changes in serum cholesterol due to modulations in the type of protein in the diet were reflected mainly by changes in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Thus, the results of this study clearly show that the type of protein in the diet markedly affects serum cholesterol levels not only in experimental animals such as the rabbit, as is well known, but also in the rhesus monkey, which is more akin to man. PMID- 6537868 TI - Echocardiographic analysis of ventricular septal dynamics in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and other diseases. AB - It has been suggested that the adynamic or hypokinetic appearance of the ventricular septum is a unique echocardiographic feature of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HC). To determine how characteristic of HC the adynamic septum is, 70 patients with this disease, and 31 with other cardiac diseases that produce left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy and pressure overload (aortic valvular stenosis or systemic hypertension), and 25 subjects with normal hearts were studied by echocardiography. On M-mode echocardiography, 53 of 70 patients (75%) with HC had an abnormally low value for percent systolic thickening of the septum associated with either reduced or normal septal excursion; however, 17 patients (25%) showed normal septal dynamics. Twenty of 31 patients (64%) with other cardiac diseases that produce pressure overload showed normal septal thickening and excursion, while 11 (36%) had reduced systolic thickening associated with either diminished or normal excursion. Greatly reduced values for percent systolic thickening of the septum were present both in patients with HC (13 +/- 1%) and in patients with other cardiac diseases (21 +/- 2%). However, differences in systolic septal thickening between the 2 groups were largely a manifestation of the greater absolute diastolic septal thickness in patients with HC. When values for percent systolic thickening were normalized for diastolic septal thickness, or when systolic thickening was compared in only patients with similar diastolic septal thicknesses, differences in septal thickening between patients with HC and those patients with other cardiac diseases were not significant.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6537870 TI - Evaluation of the protein quality of an isolated soy protein in young men: relative nitrogen requirements and effect of methionine supplementation. AB - The protein nutritional value of an isolated soy protein (Supro-620) was evaluated in a series of nitrogen balance studies in healthy young male MIT students. Experiment 1 involved giving eight subjects graded intakes of the isolated soy protein while seven additional subjects received egg protein. Mean nitrogen intake required for N balance for the isolated soy protein and the egg protein were not significantly different (p greater than 0.1). In experiment 2, nine subjects received soy and the effects on N balance at various levels of L methionine supplementation were studied. In experiment 3 eight subjects each were studied at two nitrogen intake levels of isolated soy protein/kg/day with methionine supplementation, and an unsupplemented egg protein period included. Results from experiment 2 and 3 at an 82 mg N/kg/day test level showed that N balance for 1.6% supplementation was significantly below that of unsupplemented egg while 1.1% and unsupplemented soy were indistinguishable from egg. No beneficial effects of methionine supplementation were observed when the test nitrogen intake level was 128 mg N/kg/day. These results indicate that for healthy adults, the isolated soy protein is of high nutritional quality, comparable to that of animal protein sources, and that the methionine content is not limiting for adult protein maintenance. PMID- 6537872 TI - A long-term metabolic balance study in young men to assess the nutritional quality of an isolated soy protein and beef proteins. AB - To evaluate the capacity of an isolated soy protein to maintain long-term protein nutritional status in healthy young adult men, an 84-day metabolic balance experiment was conducted in eight subjects. The sole source of protein intake was provided by the isolated soy protein, given at a level of 0.8 g (N X 6.25) per kg per day. In a second and similar study, four young men received 0.8 g protein and three subjects 0.68 g protein per kg per day from beef proteins for 60 to 81 days. Body weight, nitrogen balance, blood chemistries, and body composition (whole body 40K) were monitored throughout each study. Body nitrogen balances were maintained within the range of N equilibrium in both diet groups. Body cell mass, as judged from 40K measurements, did not reveal any deterioration in protein nutritional status. These observations confirm the prediction, derived from previous short-term. N balance studies, that the nutritional quality of isolated soy protein is high and that this plant protein can serve as the sole source of essential amino acids and nitrogen for protein maintenance in adults. PMID- 6537871 TI - Significance of postprandial blood concentrations of retinol, retinol-binding protein, and carotenoids when assessing the vitamin A status of children. AB - The effect of ingesting a breakfast rich in vitamin A on postprandial blood serum concentration of retinol, retinol-binding protein, and carotenoids has been investigated in children between 5 and 8 yr of age. They were divided by age in two groups (5 to 6 and 7 to 8 yr) and then randomly assigned in three groups to be studied cross-sectionally immediately before and at 2 and 4 h after the ingestion of a meal containing 337 micrograms of retinol equivalents (48% as retinol and 52% as carotenoids). The ingestion of breakfast did not alter significantly (p greater than 0.05) the postprandial serum concentrations of retinol, retinol-binding protein; or carotenoids in any of the age groups. These results indicate that up to 4 h the postprandial blood serum concentrations of these parameters are representative of their corresponding basal concentrations. Therefore, in practice and particularly under field survey conditions, the blood samples required to assess the vitamin A status of children can be obtained either fasting or within 4 h after breakfast without altering the results. PMID- 6537873 TI - Growth hormone assessment by radioreceptor and radioimmunoassay. Radioreceptor assay and radioimmunoassay comparisons. AB - To investigate possible human growth hormone (HGH) bioinactivity, serum radioreceptor assay (RRA) and radioimmunoassay (RIA) comparisons were made in 48 children undergoing an evaluation for growth retardation. Discrepancies between serum HGH concentrations by RRA and RIA were uncommon; the overall RRA/RIA ratio was 0.75. Significantly reduced HGH RRA/RIA ratios were seen at peak time periods following levodopa and arginine hydrochloride stimulation. Two subjects who demonstrated a discrepancy between serum HGH concentrations by RRA and RIA and somatomedin C levels in the hypopituitary range had malnutrition and chronic disease. There appeared to be an inverse correlation between nutrition, as assessed by a height age-weight age ratio, and RRA/RIA ratios in all subjects. While a reduced RRA/RIA ratio supports the diagnosis of bioinactive HGH, the administration of certain HGH secretagogues, malnutrition, and chronic disease may result in low HGH RRA/RIA ratios. PMID- 6537874 TI - Re: "Incidence and prevalence as measures of the frequency of birth defects". PMID- 6537875 TI - A new approach to idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura during pregnancy by high dose immunoglobulin G infusion. PMID- 6537876 TI - Opioid drugs cause bile duct obstruction during hepatobiliary scans. AB - Hepatobiliary scans using Tc-IDA are reliable in making the diagnosis of acute cholecystitis. Commonly, opioid drugs are administered in patients with acute cholecystitis to relieve pain. Opioid drugs cause biliary sphincter spasm. Whether these drugs adversely affect hepatobiliary scans is unknown. We studied 13 healthy volunteer subjects, performing three hepatobiliary scans in each one. Scans were performed without opioid drugs and 30 minutes after intramuscularly administered meperidine, morphine, hydroxyzine, hydroxyzine plus meperidine, butorphanol, and nalbuphine. Opioid drugs markedly delayed clearance of Tc-IDA from the common bile duct, simulating common bile duct obstruction. Hydroxyzine alone caused an insignificant delay. We have concluded that opioid drugs cause bile duct obstruction in healthy persons. If opioid drugs are administered before a diagnostic hepatobiliary scan, delayed clearance of Tc-IDA from the common bile duct might lead to an erroneous diagnosis and indicate a potentially unnecessary common bile duct exploration. Opioid drugs should not be administered for several hours before a diagnostic hepatobiliary scan. PMID- 6537877 TI - Intraoperative diagnosis of hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy. PMID- 6537878 TI - Transient focal abnormalities with confusion: a case of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. PMID- 6537879 TI - Hyperprolactinemia, amenorrhea, and galactorrhea. A retrospective assessment of twenty-five cases. AB - The syndrome of hyperprolactinemia, galactorrhea, and amenorrhea is frequently caused by a pituitary tumor. Transsphenoidal surgical removal is often advocated for microadenomas, tumors smaller than 10 mm, to prevent the progression of these small adenomas into large tumors. Because no strong evidence indicates that microadenomas naturally progress to macroadenomas, we studied 25 women who had had hyperprolactinemia, amenorrhea, or galactorrhea for a mean duration of 11.3 years. Their mean initial prolactin level was 225 ng/mL (normal, less than 36 ng/mL). Of 22 patients presenting with amenorrhea, 7 resumed menses spontaneously. Galactorrhea resolved completely in 6 of the 19 patients with this disorder. Only 1 patient had progression of a sellar abnormality, and this was slight. Visual fields remained full in all patients, and basal adrenal and thyroid functions remained normal. The mean prolactin level was 155 ng/mL at the reevaluation (p less than 0.01, initial versus reevaluation levels). Hyperprolactinemia apparently has a benign clinical course in most women, and we advocate a conservative approach to management of this disorder. PMID- 6537880 TI - Prednisone therapy of post-transfusion purpura. PMID- 6537881 TI - Slow infusion of vinca alkaloids in the treatment of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. AB - Vinca alkaloids are useful in the treatment of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, a disorder in which macrophages remove platelets sensitized with antibody. Because vinca alkaloids avidly bind to platelets, drugs can be delivered selectively to macrophages. However, drugs given by bolus injection are cleared too rapidly to bind optimally to autologous platelets, and the use of allogeneic platelets loaded with drug in vitro is cumbersome, expensive, and dangerous. Therefore, slow infusions were devised to prolong the duration of enhanced plasma drug concentrations, thereby providing better conditions for in vivo drug loading into autologous platelets. Twenty-four patients with refractory idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura were given slow infusions; 17 had good to excellent responses. Eleven of eighteen patients who had been treated with bolus injections had better results when treated with slow infusions. Patients with improved responses had slower plasma clearance rates than did patients with poor responses. Slow infusion therapy had fewer side effects than bolus injection therapy. Slow infusions are the best method for long-term management. PMID- 6537882 TI - Fungal peritonitis in ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. PMID- 6537883 TI - Changes in the stria vascularis of the guinea pig due to cis-platinum. AB - The microscopical and ultramicroscopical changes in the stria vascularis due to cis-diamminedichloroplatinum II (DDP) were studied. Sixteen healthy adult guinea pigs were used for the experiment. A standard dosage DDP (1.5 mg/kg/d) was administered over a period of 5-20 days. A clear degeneration pattern was found (ranging from no changes to cystic degeneration with protrusion of marginal cells followed by loss of marginal cells). DDP seems to be especially toxic for marginal cells in stria vascularis in the guinea pig. PMID- 6537884 TI - The "hollow scratch" sign. PMID- 6537886 TI - Urethrocliesis--a simple cure for stress incontinence. PMID- 6537887 TI - Characterization of an essential disulfide bond associated with the active site of the renal brush-border membrane D-glucose transporter. AB - In a previous report (J. Biol. Chem. 258 (1983) 3565-3570) we have demonstrated that the disulfide-reducing agent dithiothreitol has two effects on the sodium dependent outer cortical brush border membrane D-glucose transporter; the first results in a reversible increase in the affinity of the transporter for the non transported competitive inhibitor phlorizin, while the second results in a partially reversible loss of phlorizin binding and glucose-transport activity. Evidence was presented that both of these effects are the result of the reduction of disulfide bonds on the transport molecule. In the present paper we extend our observations on the inactivation of the transporter by dithiothreitol. We provide evidence here (i) that the inactivation of the transporter by dithiothreitol is independent of the effect of the reducing agent on the affinity of the transporter, (ii) that this inactivation process is first-order in dithiothreitol and thus presumably due to the reduction of a single disulfide bond essential to the functioning of the transporter. (iii) that it is the reduction of this disulfide bond and not some subsequent conformational or other change in the transporter which results in its inactivation, (iv) that phlorizin and substrates of the transporter provide protection against inactivation by dithiothreitol and that the degree of protection provided correlates well with the known specificity and phlorizin-binding properties of the transporter, and (iv) that the reactivity of the transporter with dithiothreitol is pH-dependent, decreasing with increasing pH over the pH range 6.5-8.5. We conclude that this site of action of dithiothreitol is a single essential disulfide bond intimately associated with the glucose-binding site on the transport molecule. PMID- 6537885 TI - Modifications of the urethral rest and stress profiles after different types of surgery for urinary stress incontinence. AB - Full urodynamic assessment, including urethral profiles at rest and under stress, using microtransducers, was made before and at least 6 months after surgery for urinary stress incontinence in 86 patients. Cure was assessed objectively. Procedures compared were Burch colposuspension, Pereyra urethrovesical suspension and anterior colporrhaphy. The Burch colposuspension increased the pressure transmission ratio more efficiently than the vaginal operations and the cure rate was 91%. Only 50% of Pereyra operations were successful and success was related to an increase in the functional urethral length and in the pressure transmission ratio. The success rate for anterior colporrhaphy was 57% and was associated with a significant decrease in the maximal urethral closure pressure and the continence area. The prognostic value of the urethral profiles at rest and under stress and the therapeutic implications are discussed. PMID- 6537888 TI - [Reaction of the ovary of the young rat to transplantation into the spleen of adult castrated diabetic animals]. AB - The ovary of an infantile rat was grafted into the spleen of adult castrated females. After 7-9 days half of the animals were injected with alloxan subcutaneously. The rats were decapitated 33 days after ovary grafting. In all diabetic rats and 62% of the control animals, the vaginal smears showed persistent diestrus. The height of the uterine epithelium was fairly low. Persistent estrus was detected in 38% of the control animals. In the diabetic group, the degree of ovarian hypertrophy was significantly lower than in the control group, although no differences were discovered in pituitary gonadotropin content in both the groups. It is suggested that the pituitary of diabetic animals slightly responds to estrogenic deficiency. This was manifested in a lesser degree of ovarian hypertrophy and in the absence in the ovaries of the majority of diabetic rats of the phenomena such as the proliferation of the connective tissue and the appearance of granulocellular tissue accumulations. PMID- 6537889 TI - [Antistressor effect of prolactin]. AB - The effect of prolactin on emotional-painful stress and the hypophyseal-adrenal system in male rats was studied. Prolactin decreased the tension in the hypophyseal-adrenal system, normalized adrenaline and noradrenaline content in the heart and adrenals, and prevented the development of pathological alterations in the myocardium under emotional-painful stress. Therefore, prolactin has a powerful protective property and, like ACTH, is involved in the formation of the adaptive body reactions. PMID- 6537890 TI - Anomalous function of vimentin in chronic lymphocytic leukemia lymphocytes. AB - Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) lymphocytes manifest anomalous motility and cap formation. Since these processes involve cytoskeletal proteins, vimentin from intermediate filaments of normal and CLL lymphocytes was investigated using hetero- and monoclonal antisera. The antisera reacted predominantly with a 60-kD polypeptide, following sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) of total lymphocyte proteins. When lymphocytes were stained by indirect immunofluorescence, normal lymphocytes demonstrated well defined cytoplasmic fibrils that capped spontaneously after contact with a glass surface and incubation at 37 degrees C. This capping was dependent on energy and intact microfilaments. Lymphocytes from patients with CLL showed several patterns. In one group, the initial staining was weak, and few capped cells were present after incubation. Lymphocytes from other patients had either normal or aberrantly organized fibrils in which capping was diminished. In another group, a fibrillar pattern with normal or increased capping was seen. In total, 47% +/- 5.1% (mean +/- SE) of normal lymphocytes capped after a 1-hr incubation at 37 degrees C (n = 12) compared to 21% +/- 5.1% for CLL lymphocytes (n = 20, p less than 0.002). Purified subpopulations of normal B and T cells did not differ from unfractionated normal lymphocyte populations. These results demonstrate an anomalous vimentin capping response in CLL lymphocytes. They also show that the arrangement of vimentin in these cells differs from that of normal lymphocytes. PMID- 6537891 TI - Cerebral ventricular enlargement in non-genetic schizophrenia: a controlled twin study. AB - In a group of schizophrenics of twin birth, no evidence of ventricular enlargement was found where there was a family history of major psychiatric disorder. Among those schizophrenics without such a family history, cerebral ventricular size was significantly increased (P less than 0.01), and there was also evidence of birth complications. Among normal control twins, those who reported complicated births had significantly larger ventricles. PMID- 6537892 TI - Oral leukoplakia and malignant transformation. A follow-up study of 257 patients. AB - Two hundred fifty-seven patients with oral leukoplakia were studied and followed for an average period of 7.2 years. All lesions were more than one cm in size and had been present and observed for a minimum of 6 months. Of the initial biopsies, 235 revealed a benign hyperkeratosis and 22 others contained some degree of epithelial dysplasia. Seventy-three percent of the patients used tobacco, with cigarette usage being the predominant form. Forty-five patients (17.5%) subsequently developed squamous carcinomas in the hyperkeratotic epithelial site in an average time of 8.1 years. Eight of these malignant transformations came from patients who originally had epithelial dysplasia. High risks for malignant transformation also included non-smoking patients, the clinical presence of erythroplasia (erythroleukoplakia), and a clinical verrucous-papillary hyperkeratotic pattern. Duration of the leukoplakia progressively increased the total number of malignant transformations, with the largest rate occurring in the second year. This study confirms that oral leukoplakia is a precancerous lesion and that certain characteristics indicate greater risks and warrant consideration of more aggressive management. PMID- 6537894 TI - Seminoma in a 46,XX true hermaphrodite with positive H-Y antigen. A case report. AB - This case study represents the first report of a 46,XX phenotypic male true hermaphrodite with a pure seminoma. Serologic testing of tissue demonstrated the presence of the H-Y antigen. This finding supports the theory that the H-Y gene is essential for primary sex determination and raises the possibility that it may also be the specific factor responsible for malignant degeneration of dysgenetic gonads. PMID- 6537893 TI - Cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (II) by 5-day continuous infusion. A new dose schedule with minimal toxicity. AB - Ninety-six cancer patients received a total of 280 courses of cis diamminedichloroplatinum (DDP), alone (20 patients), or in combination with other agents. DDP was given in 20 mg/m2 as a continuous 24-hour infusion daily for 5 consecutive days, repeated every 4 to 6 weeks. Patients were adequately hydrated for 12 hours prior to treatment but no diuretics or mannitol were used. Twenty percent of the patients developed no toxicity. Nausea and vomiting were lacking in 42% of 256 evaluable cycles and were mild in 36%. Nephrotoxicity was observed in four patients (5%) and was reversible on cessation of therapy in all except one. Hypomagnesemia occurred in 4% of 140 evaluable cycles. Mild ototoxicity was noted in two patients. The therapeutic efficacy of this dose schedule could not be adequately assessed, but one patient with thymoma and extensive pulmonary metastases achieved partial remission on DDP alone, and another with progressive mediastinal thymoma achieved stabilization of disease. In conclusion, this study suggests that the toxicity of the 5-day continuous infusion regimen is relatively mild. Randomized trials are indicated to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of this new regimen, and the role of DDP in the treatment of malignant thymoma should be further explored. PMID- 6537895 TI - Methapyrilene is inactive in the hepatocyte-mediated Chinese hamster ovary/hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase mutational assay. AB - Methapyrilene, tested at both non-hepatocytotoxic and hepatocytotoxic concentrations, failed to induce somatic mutations in the hepatocyte-mediated Chinese hamster ovary/hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase (HGPRT) mutational assay. These data support the conclusion that methapyrilene induces the carcinogenesis process through a non-DNA damaging mechanism, suggested when this antihistamine previously failed to induce a genotoxic response in several in vitro test systems developed to detect carcinogens and mutagens. PMID- 6537896 TI - 6-Mercaptopurine-induced potentiation of active immunotherapy in L1210-bearing mice treated with concanavalin A-bound leukemia cell vaccine. AB - While the combination of L1210 murine leukemia cell vaccine (L1210 vaccine) with 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP) or 6-thioguanine produces a therapeutic response greater than that induced by either of these agents alone, its combination with cyclophosphamide, N4-behenoyl-1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine, or 5 fluorouracil does not produce such a response. The administration of cyclophosphamide, N4-behenoyl-1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine, or 5 fluorouracil alone resulted in a response as great as, or greater than, that induced by 6-MP alone. This and the finding that the 6-MP-induced response was more pronounced upon its delayed rather than its early administration indicate that 6-MP-induced reduction of the tumor burden does not explain this augmentation. The combination of 6-MP and L1210 vaccine was not effective in mice bearing 6-MP-resistant L1210 leukemia; however, an augmented response occurred when the tumor burden was reduced by N4-behenoyl-1-beta-D arabinofuranosylcytosine, indicating that reduction of the tumor burden by 6-MP was only partially associated with augmentation of the therapeutic response. Augmentation was associated with vaccine-induced antitumor immunity because it was induced by the combination of 6-MP and concanavalin A-bound, but not concanavalin A-free L1210 vaccine. This augmentation was dependent on the timing of the L1210 vaccine administration. The combination was not effective in mice bearing P388 leukemia, indicating the tumor specificity of the augmentation. These results show that 6-MP not only reduced the tumor burden but also potentiated the vaccine-dependent antitumor immunity, resulting in the induction of an augmented therapeutic response. PMID- 6537898 TI - Curability of mouse L1210 leukemia by combination of 5-fluorouracil, cis diamminedichloroplatinum(II), and low doses of gamma-rays. AB - By combining 5-fluorouracil and cis-diamminedichloro-platinum(II) at drug levels which are ineffective when used alone, we have cured L1210 leukemia in mice in a single treatment session. It was also discovered that the doses of the drugs used in this combination can be decreased, with no corresponding decrease in their effectiveness, if they are administered in conjunction with a very low dose of radiation (gamma-rays), which, when used alone, is ineffective. In the cells, the explanation for the synergic action of radiation, 5-fluorouracil, and cis diamminedichloroplatinum(II) can be found in the action of each of the cytostatics at different phases of the cell cycle, each cytostatic favoring the action of the others. It is important to emphasize the order in which chemotherapy and radiotherapy are administered, as well as the time lapse between administration of the two treatments, maximum effectiveness having been obtained when radiotherapy was carried out 8 to 24 hr after chemotherapy. PMID- 6537897 TI - Combined cyclophosphamide chemotherapy and maltose tetrapalmitate immunotherapy in the treatment of transplanted bladder and prostate carcinoma of the rat. AB - Chemoimmunotherapy in two animal models for urological cancers was studied. The models were Dunning R3327A prostatic carcinoma transplanted s.c. in Fischer X Copenhagen F1 hybrids and a well-differentiated bladder carcinoma transplanted orthotopically in the bladder submucosa of female Fischer rats. Cyclophosphamide, cis-platinum, and Adriamycin were initially used as anticancer chemotherapeutic agents, and the most effective ones were used in combination with maltose tetrapalmitate (MTP), which was used as an immunopotentiator. In the case of prostatic carcinoma, cyclophosphamide was the most effective among the anticancer agents in controlling tumor growth after inoculation of either 10(4) or 10(5) tumor cells. Combination of cyclophosphamide with i.p. MTP delayed tumor take and controlled tumor size more effectively than did either of the treatments given alone. Similar results were obtained in the case of bladder tumor. A combination of cis-platinum with MTP significantly controlled bladder tumor size, and a combination of cyclophosphamide with MTP cured 75% of the rats. The remaining 25% of this group had a small tumor that did not increase in size during the subsequent 2 weeks of observation without treatment. The incidence of metastasis of bladder tumor to lymph nodes and lung was reduced by MTP and cis-platinum and eliminated by cyclophosphamide alone and in combination with MTP. Nonspecific immunity as measured by phytohemagglutinin stimulation of spleen lymphocytes and antitumor immunity as measured by cytotoxicity and macrophage migration inhibition assays were highest in rats subjected to cyclophosphamide and MTP combined therapies. PMID- 6537899 TI - Biochemical methods for predicting metastatic ability of prostatic cancer utilizing the dunning R-3327 rat prostatic adenocarcinoma system as a model. AB - At present, there is no established diagnostic method by which the metastatic ability of an individual prostatic cancer can be accurately predicted. Metastasis is a multistep process, the first critical step of which is invasion. Tumor invasion has been suggested to involve a variety of hydrolytic enzyme activities; therefore, the tumor levels of these activities might be indicative of the overall metastatic ability of the cancer. In order to evaluate if the quantitative levels of hydrolytic enzymes can be used to predict the metastatic ability of individual prostatic cancers, five different Dunning R-3327 rat prostatic adenocarcinoma sublines, with widely varying metastatic abilities, were assayed for the respective levels of a variety of hydrolytic enzyme activities (collagenase, trypsin-like, cathepsin B, neutral protease, N-acetyl-beta glucosaminidase, chymotrypsin-like, leucine aminopeptidase, elastase, and plasminogen activator). These studies demonstrated that most hydrolytic activities are not elevated when going from normal prostate to prostatic cancer. In addition, only the levels of elastase and chymotrypsin-like activity were found to be consistently higher in highly metastatic prostatic cancers than in either the normal prostate or low-metastatic prostatic cancers. It was found that, by combining the relative activities of elastase and chymotrypsin-like activity and then dividing by the relative activities of N-acetyl-beta glucosaminidase, a biochemical metastatic index could be constructed which accurately reflected the respective metastatic ability of the Dunning sublines. PMID- 6537900 TI - Induction of polyploid nuclei in the plasmodium of Physarum polycephalum by platinum antitumor compounds. AB - The intranuclear mitosis of the plasmodial nuclei of myxomycetes permits the observation of defects in chromosomal repartition which would probably be lethal in other eukaryotic cells with open mitosis. We found that antitumoral platinum amine compounds perturbed late mitotic events and induced the formation of giant nuclei which were polyploid in plasmodia of Physarum polycephalum. Using 26 platinum-amine complexes, we have shown that all antitumoral compounds induced the formation of polyploid nuclei for drug concentrations at least three times lower than the amount necessary to block the overall plasmodial growth, whereas platinum compounds without antitumor activity did not behave this way. DNA replication appeared to be quantitatively normal during formation of giant nuclei by antitumoral compounds. These observations suggest that platinum-amine compounds exert their antitumor activity by interfering with mitosis rather than by a gross inhibition of DNA synthesis. PMID- 6537901 TI - High testosterone and low progesterone circulating levels in premenopausal patients with hyperplasia and cancer of the breast. AB - Serum testosterone, progesterone, luteinizing hormone, prolactin, and sex hormone binding globulin levels were measured in 55 normal controls, in 31 patients with hyperplastic alterations of breast epithelium, and in 23 patients with breast cancer. All patients and controls were premenopausal, and they were comparable for age, weight, and body surface. In the controls, the mean level of testosterone [0.47 +/- 0.16 (S.D.) ng/ml] was lower and the mean level of progesterone (17.63 +/- 8.11 ng/ml) was higher than in breast cancer patients [testosterone level, 0.62 +/- 0.22 ng/ml (p less than 0.005); progesterone level, 11.4 +/- 8.0 ng/ml (p less than 0.005)] and in patients with breast epithelial hyperplasia [testosterone level, 0.55 +/- 0.2 ng/ml (p less than or equal to 0.05); progesterone level, 13.9 +/- 8.6 ng/ml (p less than 0.05)]. No difference was found in the mean circulating levels of luteinizing hormone, prolactin, or sex hormone-binding globulin between controls and patients. These results confirm previous findings of increased urinary testosterone excretion in women with anovulatory menstrual cycles and epithelial hyperplasia or cancer of the breast and strongly support the hypothesis that androgens play an important role in both induction and development of breast cancer. PMID- 6537902 TI - Contributions of reduced hunger and premature satiety to cancerous hypophagia in rats. AB - Tumor-induced reduction in food intake in 2 rat-tumor organisms was distributed approximately equally between reduction in average size (premature satiety) and reduction in frequency (impaired perception of hunger) of effective meals. In both organisms, the frequency of futile meals (activity at food dish without any food ingestion) increased in the tumor-bearing state, and total meal frequency (effective plus futile meals) was unchanged from the tumor-free state. It is proposed that the presence of tumor reduces some meals to zero size and that satiety can occur in the cephalic phase of digestion before any food has been ingested. By this interpretation, cancer hypophagia would be entirely attributable to premature satiety. PMID- 6537903 TI - [New indications for cisplatin in the treatment of neoplastic diseases]. PMID- 6537904 TI - A Drosophila RNA polymerase II transcription factor contains a promoter-region specific DNA-binding activity. AB - Drosophila RNA polymerase II requires at least two chromatographically distinct transcription factors (designated A and B) to initiate transcription accurately in vitro. We describe the partial purification and concentration of one of these transcription factors, the B factor. Footprint analysis of the B fraction demonstrated the presence of a sequence-specific DNA-binding component in the transcription factor preparation. This component binds specifically to a 65 bp region of DNA surrounding the start point of transcription of the histone H3, H4, and actin 5C genes. Included in this binding region is the TATA box, the start point of transcription, and a portion of the leader region. The pattern of protection from DNAase I cleavage on the coding strand of the histone H3 gene is asymmetric with regard to the complementary noncoding strand. Sequence-specific binding of the B fraction occurs in the apparent absence of RNA polymerase II. The potential function of the binding component in the initiation of transcription by RNA polymerase II is discussed. PMID- 6537905 TI - Exacerbation of cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity by methionine. PMID- 6537906 TI - The spectrum of computed tomographic appearance of metastatic masses from testicular neoplasms. AB - Metastatic masses from testicular neoplasms were evaluated with respect to their computed tomographic characteristics. They were divided in three categories: cystic, semicystic, and solid. The common denominator in the first two categories was the presence of teratomatous components. The nonteratomatous masses were solid. PMID- 6537907 TI - Prostaglandin E1 therapy. Is it associated with a higher incidence of wound infection in the cyanotic neonate? AB - Prostaglandin (PGE1) may be used to maintain ductal patency in the infant with cyanotic congenital heart disease, but the risk of infection may be increased. Between October, 1976 and December, 1982, 38 neonates with complex cyanotic congenital heart disease required operations creating systemic-to-pulmonary artery shunts. Of 13 patients who did not receive PGE1 therapy, none developed a wound infection. Of 25 patients who did receive PGE1 therapy, four (16 percent) developed a significant wound infection. The two patient groups were similar when compared by age and weight at operation, by severity of heart disease and by the presence of other congenital anomalies. Pathogenic Staphylococcus epidermidis was recovered from all infected wounds, all of which responded favorably over a period of two to four weeks with a short course of antibiotics and wound debridement. PMID- 6537908 TI - Azthreonam activity against gram-negative bacilli. AB - The in vitro activity of azthreonam - a monocyclic beta-lactam antibiotic - was compared with the activities of ampicillin, cephalothin, cefuroxime, cefotaxime, cefoperazone, lamoxactam, ceftazidime, and N-formimidoyl thienamycin against 249 clinical isolates of gram-negative bacilli. Azthreonam was as active or more active than all the third-generation cephalosporins against all the Enterobacteriaceae except Klebsiella. Against Klebsiella azthreonam was more active than cefoperazone but less active than the other third-generation cephalosporins. Azthreonam, ceftazidime, and piperacillin were equally active against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. PMID- 6537909 TI - Cell adhesion and experimental metastasis: a study using the B16 malignant melanoma model system. AB - The adhesive properties of B16F1 and B16F10 cells have been studied following their rates of attachment to various substrates and by analysis of their rates of aggregation within the defined environment provided by a cone and plate viscometer. Contrary to previous reports, we found that the B16F10 cells (with significant lung-colonizing potential following tail vein injection) were less homotypically adhesive than B16F1 cells (which colonize lungs poorly). The adhesiveness of B16F10 cells approached that of B16F1 cells only under conditions (low shear, low cell number) where cell collisions were thought to be so few that quantitative differences in aggregation rate could not be determined. B16F1 cells also adhered more to lung cells than did B16F10 cells when assessed by aggregation rate. However, analysis of aggregate composition in which one cell type had been fluorescently labelled showed that B16F10 cells actually formed more mixed aggregates with lung cells than did B16F1 cells. There was no significant difference in the adhesiveness of B16F1 or B16F10 cells to liver cells as assessed by aggregation rate. Analysis of aggregate composition under these circumstances, however, showed that B16F10 cells formed fewer mixed aggregates with liver cells than did B16F1 cells. These results are consistent with the possibility that metastatic cells need to display poor homotypic adhesiveness in order to detach from the primary but enhanced heterotypic adhesiveness in order to colonize specific organs. PMID- 6537910 TI - Cellular pharmacology of detorubicin and doxorubicin in L1210 cells. AB - Detorubicin (DET), a semi-synthetic analog of daunorubicin, releases at neutral pH doxorubicin (DOX) upon hydrolysis. DET enters faster than DOX into the cultured L1210 cells and reaches higher intracellular levels. When the cells are incubated for 120 min at pH 6.5, in spite of its rapid hydrolysis, one third of the intracellular fluorescence was due to undegraded DET. DET, like the other anthracyclines studied, is found associated intracellularly only to the lysosomes and to the nuclei. Unchanged DET is found mainly inside the lysosomes where the drug is stabilized, while DOX is found essentially associated to the nuclear DNA of L1210 cells. DET can therefore be viewed as an hydrophobic prodrug of DOX characterized, however, by a distinct subcellular localization in L1210 cells. PMID- 6537911 TI - Dose-response relationships of chronic adriamycin toxicity in rabbits. AB - Doxorubicin was administered chronically to 55 female New Zealand White rabbits in order to determine a chronic dose-response relationship for doxorubicin induced cardiomyopathy, skeletal myopathy and nephropathy. Systolic time interval recording as a measure of cardiac function in doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy in the rabbit is compared to histologic grading of the cardiomyopathy. Histologic evidence of cardiomyopathy was not seen at cumulative doses less than 100 mg/m2 but incidence and severity of cardiomyopathy increased with increasing doxorubicin dosage. The most severe lesions were seen at cumulative doses in excess of 400 mg/m2. The dose-response of skeletal myopathy paralleled that of cardiomyopathy but the severity of histologic abnormalities and the incidence of skeletal myopathy was less than half that of cardiomyopathy at all dose levels. Nephropathy was a consistent finding at cumulative doses of doxorubicin in excess of 100 mg/m2. PMID- 6537912 TI - Sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) in breast cancer: a correlation with obesity but not with estrogen receptor status. AB - Plasma sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) levels were determined in a group of 82 patients suffering from breast carcinoma with a known estrogen receptor status (ER). Overweight (greater than 20% of ideal weight) premenopausal patients had a significantly lower SHBG plasma level than their non-obese counterparts (43 pmol/ml vs 72.7 pmol/ml, P less than 0.001). No difference in plasma levels of SHBG was found between obese and non-obese postmenopausal patients. No correlation was found between SHBG levels and ER status either in non-obese premenopausal patients or in postmenopausal patients in general. Breast carcinoma patients had significantly higher SHBG plasma levels than a group of normal controls (57.9 pmol/ml vs 40.6 pmol/ml, P less than 0.01), but the stage of the disease did not influence the SHBG level within the breast carcinoma patients. Results of this study do not support a correlation between SHBG levels and ER status. SHBG plasma levels are significantly influenced by a patient's weight, particularly in those who are premenopausal. PMID- 6537913 TI - Serum carcinoembryonic antigen in the diagnosis and prognosis of women with breast cancer. AB - Serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) has been measured in 628 patients before and 577 patients after treatment for breast cancer. These came from an unselected sequence of 730 women, subsequently diagnosed as having stage I or II breast cancer, referred to Guy's Hospital over a period of nearly 5 yr. CEA was also measured in serum from 238 ostensibly healthy volunteers and 65 women with benign breast disease. CEA measurements were of no diagnostic value. There were more patients with breast cancer with values in excess of 10 ng/ml measured preoperatively (7%) or after mastectomy (5%) than in controls (3%), but the difference is of marginal significance. High levels of CEA were not consistently associated with pathological stage or histological grade. Mastectomy was not associated with any significant change in the distribution of CEA levels. Patients with stage II disease and pre-operative CEA levels over 10 ng/ml has a faster recurrence rate than those with levels of less than 2.5 ng/ml. High levels were also associated with reduced survival. However, such patients comprised about 5% of women presenting with early breast cancer, so that the use of CEA measurements for prognosis is of limited value. PMID- 6537914 TI - Activated oestrogen receptors in breast cancer and response to endocrine therapy. AB - The status of oestrogen and progesterone receptors has been measured in 147 primary breast tumours. In addition to the measurement of cytoplasmic oestrogen receptors, the ability of these receptors to bind to oligo(dT)-cellulose has been assessed. This indicates the capability for activation of cytoplasmic receptors to a form able to bind in the nuclear compartment in vivo and thus be part of a functional receptor pathway. All the receptor concentrations measured were increased in the postmenopausal group of patients. All nuclear oestrogen receptors in this group were available for labelling at 4 degrees C, in contrast to the premenopausal group. The apparent functionality of the oestrogen receptor pathway could be equally assessed either by the co-presence of cytosol progesterone receptor with nuclear oestrogen receptor (30 or 4 degrees C) or with activated cytosol oestrogen receptor. The presence of activated cytosol oestrogen receptor was as reliable (80%) as the presence of either nuclear oestrogen receptor at 30 (83%) or 4 degrees C (81%) in predicting the response of breast tumours to endocrine therapy. PMID- 6537915 TI - The treatment of adrenocortical carcinoma with o,p'-DDD: prognostic implications of serum level monitoring. AB - Thirty-four patients with adrenocortical carcinoma were treated with o,p'-DDD. Twenty-eight patients presented with metastases at entry, and spillage of tumour cells occurred at surgery in 6 other patients. Eight patients had objective tumour regression, of whom 7 had serum levels over 14 micrograms/ml. The 3 patients with a lasting remission had levels of greater than 15, greater than 25, greater than 25 micrograms/ml respectively during prolonged periods. Increased survival times were found in the group of 14 patients with o,p'-DDD serum levels higher than 14 micrograms/ml when compared with patients not treated after discovery of metastases. In the patients with levels less than or equal to 10 micrograms/ml no therapeutic effect was seen. Levels of over 20 micrograms/ml are associated with symptoms of reversible neuromuscular toxicity. Monitoring of serum levels during treatment is mandatory. It is suggested that serum levels of about 25 micrograms/ml during longer periods may be curative. PMID- 6537916 TI - Causes of death in febrile granulocytopenic cancer patients receiving empiric antibiotic therapy. AB - We reviewed the causes of death of 55 granulocytopenic patients who received empiric antibiotic treatment for fever according to an EORTC cooperative protocol; 53 presented cancer and 2 aplastic anemia. Among the 55 patients, 19 (35%) deaths were attributed to infection: 16 to bacterial and 3 to fungal infections. Among the patients with bacterial infections, 12 died from septic shock, 3 from pneumonia and 1 from Pseudomonas aeruginosa meningitis. The most frequent non-infectious causes of death were the cancer progression (18%) and hemorrhagic complications (27%), most often cerebromeningeal in relationship to thrombocytopenia. A large number of the patients who died from infection (78%) and hemorrhage (74%) had advanced cancer with poor chances to respond to anticancer therapy. PMID- 6537917 TI - Invasive carcinoma of the thymus. A multicenter retrospective review of 56 cases. AB - This multicenter retrospective study included 56 cases of histologically reviewed invasive epithelial thymic tumors. All these patients underwent surgical treatment or exploration and were referred for complementary radiotherapy. The majority received a dose higher than 4000 rad. Twenty-three out of 50 patients (46%) with incomplete resection received some chemotherapy. The local recurrence rate at 2 yr was 34%. The overall 5-yr actuarial survival was 46%. There was no evidence of any relationship between radiation dose and local control. No difference in survival was observed with or without chemotherapy, nor according to histological type or lymphocytic infiltration, except cases with very undifferentiated carcinomas which presented a worse prognosis. Nor was any difference in survival observed between patients benefiting from incomplete resection and those only having undergone exploratory thoracotomy and biopsy. Radiotherapy seems to decrease the rate of local recurrence in invasive carcinoma of the thymus. The role of chemotherapy is still debatable, but it could have a role in decreasing tumor volume before radiotherapy. This study has shown the necessity of histological review by a panel of histopathologists in an attempt to better define terminology and diagnosis. A prospective study is necessary in order to solve the problems of concepts and management in epithelial thymic tumors. PMID- 6537920 TI - Differential control of aggression by the midbrain. AB - Electrical stimulation of the midbrain tegmentum can produce differential modulation of quiet biting attack and affective defense behavior elicited from the hypothalamus of the cat. Stimulation of the lateral half of the tegmentum facilitated quiet biting attack and suppressed affective defense. Conversely, stimulation of the medial tegmentum suppressed quiet biting attack and facilitated affective defense. These results clearly indicate a topographic organization of modulatory sites controlling hypothalamic aggression within the midbrain tegmentum. PMID- 6537919 TI - The effects of tubulazole, a new synthetic microtubule inhibitor on experimental neoplasms. AB - Tubulazole, a new synthetic microtubule inhibitor in vitro, is tested in vivo upon three experimental neoplasms: MO4 sarcoma, L1210 leukemia and TA3 carcinoma. The compound is tested using different treatment schedules upon different inoculation routes of the cells. All trials show the compound to have distinct antineoplastic properties in vivo by prolonging the median survival time. The best treatment schedule seems to be an intermittent one, i.e. treatment every fourth day starting 1 day after tumor inoculation. Comparison with cyclophosphamide and vincristine is in favor of tubulazole for treating TA3 mammacarcinoma, while cyclophosphamide and vincristine give somewhat better results upon L1210 leukemia. The effects of tubulazole and cyclophosphamide upon MO4 fibrosarcoma are comparable, while vincristine has no effect in this system. Worthwhile noting is that all the in vivo, as well as in vitro, activity of tubulazole resides in the cis isomer, while the trans isomer has no effect at all. PMID- 6537918 TI - Plasma cell DNA content in multiple myeloma and related paraproteinemic disorders. Relationship with clinical and cytokinetic features. AB - In 62 patients with multiple myeloma (MM) and related disorders, the nuclear DNA content distribution of bone marrow plasma cells was assessed by flow and conventional cytofluorometry. Abnormal distributions, suggesting the presence of aneuploid populations, were observed in 53% of MM at diagnosis, in 50% of benign monoclonal gammopathies and in 12% of Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemias. Eighty six percent of aneuploid cases had DNA stem-lines falling between the diploid and triploid value. In advanced and relapsing MM, abnormal distributions were found in 75% of cases. In 4 out of 14 patients with MM serially studied during the course of disease, emergence of new abnormal clones was documented. The abnormal DNA content of bone marrow plasma cells was not correlated with any clinical and laboratory characteristic and it affected neither response to therapy nor survival in patients studied at diagnosis. In advanced phases of MM, the presence of abnormal clones was correlated with high plasma cell proliferation rates (studied by tritiated thymidine incorporation) and poor response to chemotherapy. Seven out of 8 patients in acute terminal phase of MM had abnormal clones. Among these, five had DNA stem-lines over triploid value. PMID- 6537922 TI - Vinblastine-induced autophagocytosis: the effect of disorganization of microfilaments by cytochalasin B. AB - The effects of disorganization of cellular microfilaments by cytochalasin B on vinblastine-induced autophagocytosis was studied in Ehrlich ascites tumor cells in vitro. Incubation with vinblastine induced a formation of autophagic vacuoles in the cytoplasm. The disorganization of microfilaments by cytochalasin B failed to inhibit vinblastine-induced autophagocytosis. Incubation with cytochalasin B alone induced a rapid formation of blebs on the cell surface. These contained cytoplasmic organelles and were connected by a narrow shaft to the main part of the cell. Thin subcortical microfilaments seen in the control cell cytoplasm were apparently relocated after cytochalasin B treatment and formed amorphous masses deeper in the cytoplasm. Vinblastine did not affect the formation of blebs after cytochalasin B treatment. PMID- 6537921 TI - Neuritic plaque-like structures in the rat cerebellum following prolonged alcohol consumption. AB - Primitive neuritic plaques were observed in the inner third of the molecular layer of the cerebellar cortex of rats following chronic alcohol consumption. Neurites were identified as dystrophic parallel fiber boutons. Amyloid material dispersed among neurites was not clearly recognized, dystrophic some fibrils were frequently seen among them. Astrocytic processes were noted in the periphery of the plaque. Microglial reaction, however, was non-existent. The rarity of these lesions in the rat cerebellum and their probable relation to long periods of alcohol consumption is discussed. PMID- 6537923 TI - A Ca2+-dependent actin modulator from vertebrate smooth muscle. AB - A protein of Mr approximately 85 000 has been isolated and purified from pig stomach smooth muscle that modulates the polymer state of actin in a Ca2+ dependent manner. When added either to performed F-actin filaments or to G-actin, prior to polymerisation, the modulator induces the formation of shorter filaments. The average filament length in the presence of the modulator is directly dependent on its molar ratio to actin indicating a stoichiometric rather than a catalytic type of interaction. When mixed with G-actin the modulator forms a stable complex with two actin monomers; this complex is presumed to act as a potent nucleus for actin polymerisation. The dynamics of the interaction with F actin suggests a direct severing of actin filaments by the modulator via a binding to intrafilamentous actins. PMID- 6537924 TI - Pulsatile progesterone secretion: its relevance to clinical evaluation of corpus luteum function. AB - Pulsatile progesterone (P) secretory patterns were characterized in rhesus macaques (n = 13) during the midluteal phase (cycle days 18 to 20) of the normal ovarian/menstrual cycle. Sixty high-amplitude (greater than 1 ng/ml) P pulses were observed during a total of 169 hours of sampling. Typically, P pulses had an ultradian periodicity of 2 hours and were independent of detectable luteinizing hormone (LH) and prolactin (PRL) pulses in 70% of instances. LH pulses were associated with a concomitant P and PRL pulse in 100% to 80% of occasions, respectively. Pulsatile P release was augmented by exogenous cynomolgus monkey LH and suppressed by administration of a gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist. Two individuals with apparently normal ovulation and once daily plasma P concentrations within the normal range demonstrated a nonpulsatile P profile. These findings encourage clinical investigations to characterize pulsatile P secretion in normal women and patients in whom corpus luteum dysfunction is suspected. PMID- 6537925 TI - Luteal phase inadequacy and a chromosomal anomaly in recurrent abortion. AB - Luteal phase inadequacy was diagnosed and under treatment in a patient with recurrent fetal wastage when a fourth abortion occurred. Karyotypic analysis of the products of conception revealed trisomy 16. Chromosomal abnormalities may explain subsequent abortions in patients with luteal inadequacy. PMID- 6537926 TI - Modulation of calcium sensitivity by a specific cortical protein during sea urchin egg cortical vesicle exocytosis. AB - A study of the Ca2+ sensitivity of cortical vesicle (CV) discharge has been accomplished using isolated sea urchin egg cortices. Cortices isolated in a medium ionically similar to normal egg cytoplasm discharge 50% of their CVs at 1.6 microM Ca2+ (=[Ca2+]50). Alternatively, cortices isolated in a medium containing 500 mM chaotropic anions (Cl-, Br-, I-, or NO-3) discharge their CVs at 16 microM [Ca2+]50. Incubation with the 500 mM KCl extract of cortices restores high Ca2+ sensitivity and the mode of CV discharge characteristic of cortices before extraction. Fractionation of egg homogenates by differential centrifugation reveals that about 20% of the total restoring activity is associated with the cortex. In eggs of Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus, the factor responsible for this restorative function is a heat and protease labile protein with a molecular weight of 100,000. Similar activity is seen also in the eggs and sperm of other species of sea urchin. PMID- 6537927 TI - Lateral mobility of plasma membrane lipids in Xenopus eggs: regional differences related to animal/vegetal polarity become extreme upon fertilization. AB - Regional differences in the lateral mobility properties of plasma membrane lipids have been studied in unfertilized and fertilized Xenopus eggs by fluorescence photobleaching recovery (FPR) measurements. Out of a variety of commonly used lipid probes only the aminofluorescein-labeled fatty acids HEDAF (5-(N hexadecanoyl)-aminofluorescein) and TEDAF (5-(N-tetradecanoyl)-aminofluorescein) appear to partition into the plasma membrane. Under all experimental conditions used these molecules show partial recovery upon photobleaching indicating the existence of lipidic microdomains. In the unfertilized egg the mobile fraction of plasma membrane lipids (approximately 50%) has a fivefold smaller lateral diffusion coefficient (D = 1.5 X 10(-8) cm2/sec) in the animal than in the vegetal plasma membrane (D = 7.6 X 10(-8) cm2/sec). This demonstrates the presence of an animal/vegetal polarity within the Xenopus egg plasma membrane. Upon fertilization this polarity is strongly (greater than 100X) enhanced leading to the formation of two distinct macrodomains within the plasma membrane. At the animal side of the egg lipids are completely immobilized on the time scale of FPR measurements (D less than 10(-10) cm2/sec), whereas at the vegetal side D is only slightly reduced (D = 4.4 X 10(-8) cm2/sec). The immobilization of animal plasma membrane lipids, which could play a role in the polyspermy block, probably arises by the fusion of cortical granules which are more numerous here. The transition between the animal and the vegetal domain is sharp and coincides with the boundary between the presumptive ecto- and endoderm. The role of regional differences in the plasma membrane is discussed in relation to cell diversification in early development. PMID- 6537928 TI - Calmodulin in starfish oocytes. II. Trypsin treatment suppresses the trifluoperazine-sensitive step. AB - The 1-methyladenine-induced oocyte maturation in starfish is reversibly inhibited by the anticalmodulin drug, trifluoperazine (TFP). However, when oocytes are exposed for 10 min to trypsin, they lose their sensitivity to TFP. Trypsin does not alter the length of the hormone-dependent period (1-methyladenine minimal contact time) or the 1-methyladenine concentration requirements. Trypsin-treated oocytes remain sensitive to other maturation inhibitors such as procaine, theophylline, caffeine, and D-600. Trypsin exposure modifies the protein pattern composition of the oocyte cortex (breakdown of a 140-kDa protein). TFP binding site localization was studied using fluorescence microscopy: in addition to a general diffuse fluorescence, staining is localized to probably acidic granules located in the cortex. Results are discussed in relation to calmodulin and plasma membrane calmodulin-dependent enzyme involvement in the stimulation of starfish oocyte maturation. PMID- 6537929 TI - Calmodulin during development and metamorphosis in urodelan amphibians. AB - Calmodulin isolated and purified to homogeneity from young larvae is very similar to that obtained from adult Pleurodeles waltlii and these proteins are almost identical to previously described vertebrate calmodulins. During P. waltlii development, an increase in total individual calmodulin content is observed after the heart beating stage. In dorsal axial muscle, calmodulin level which is very high at the beginning of larval life (premetamorphosis) decreases strikingly in the first part of prometamorphosis. Such an evolution is observed in Ambystoma mexicanum too. Then, a significant increase occurs during metamorphosis. In contrast, calmodulin level in P. waltlii cardiac ventricular muscle increases continuously from hatching to the end of metamorphic climax. Thyroxine treatment which promotes precocious metamorphosis in P. waltlii and experimental metamorphosis in neotenic A. mexicanum, induces a rapid and significant increase in muscle calmodulin concentration. PMID- 6537930 TI - An autosomal gene that affects X chromosome expression and sex determination in Caenorhabditis elegans. AB - Recessive mutant alleles at the autosomal dpy-21 locus of C. elegans cause a dumpy phenotype in XX animals but not in XO animals. This dumpy phenotype is characteristic of X chromosome aneuploids with higher than normal X to autosome ratios and is proposed to result from overexpression of X-linked genes. We have isolated a new dpy-21 allele that also causes partial hermaphroditization of XO males, without causing the dumpy phenotype. All dpy-21 alleles show hermaphroditization effects in XO males that carry a duplication of part of the X chromosome and also partially suppress a transformer (tra-1) mutation that converts XX animals into males. Experiments with a set of X chromosome duplications show that the defects of dpy-21 mutants can result from interaction with several different regions of the X chromosome. We propose that dpy-21 regulates X chromosome expression and may be involved in interpreting X chromosome dose for the developmental decisions of both sex determination and dosage compensation. PMID- 6537932 TI - Pesticides and other chemical residues in Dutch total diet samples (June 1976 July 1978). AB - Over a period of 2 yr 126 different food items of a market basket of 16-18-yr old males were purchased every 2 months. The foodstuffs were prepared as for eating, and were combined in 12 commodity groups. Twelves samples of each food group were homogenized and analysed for 78 different chemicals, including pesticides, PCBs, bromine, heavy metals, arsenic and selenium. Thirty-four of these chemicals were detected in the various samples and the means and ranges of residue concentrations found in each food group are reported. Most chemicals were found in concentrations below the Dutch residue tolerance limits, the two exceptions were omethoate and carbendazim. Using the concentrations found in the total diet samples the daily intakes of the various chemicals were calculated. The daily intake figures were evaluated with the aid of the Acceptable Daily Intakes (ADI) recommended by FAO/WHO. For practically all chemicals examined the mean and the maximum intakes were well below the ADI. PMID- 6537931 TI - Developmental toxicity and psychotoxicity of sodium nitrite in rats. AB - Sodium nitrite (NaNO2) was fed to male and female rats before and during breeding, to females only during gestation and lactation, and to their offspring after weaning (day 21 after birth) through day 90, at levels of 0, 0.0125, 0.025 or 0.05% (w/w) of the diet. Dams in a fifth group (positive controls) were given 4 mg/kg ip of the anti-mitotic/embryotoxic drug 5-azacytidine on day 16 of gestation. All offspring were reared by their natural dams and were evaluated blind with respect to treatment in a battery of standardized behavioural tests between 3 and 90 days of age. NaNO2 produced no significant reductions in parental body weight or food consumption, though it significantly increased offspring mortality and decreased weight gain at the two highest doses during the preweaning period. Functionally, NaNO2 delayed swimming development and decreased open-field activity. The open-field effect was not linearly dose dependent. In rats killed on day 90 after birth, NaNO2 produced no effects on brain or body weights. 5-Azacytidine produced evidence of substantially greater developmental toxicity than did NaNO2. NaNO2 produced a moderate degree of developmental toxicity, but no evidence was found to suggest that the central nervous system was the target organ for the toxic effects. The inclusion of tests of functional development added useful confirmatory evidence to the overall picture of NaNO2 toxicity. PMID- 6537933 TI - Dose-response study with N-nitrosodiethanolamine in F344 rats. AB - A dose-response study of the carcinogenicity of N-nitrosodiethanolamine was conducted in F344 rats. The nitrosamine was administered in drinking-water at a controlled rate (20 ml/rat/day, 5 days/wk) to groups of 16 or 20 rats of each sex. The doses administered were as follows: 2500 mg/litre drinking-water for 45 wk, 1000 mg/litre for 50 wk, 400 mg/litre for 50 wk and 400 mg/litre for 75 wk. Almost all of the treated animals died with hepatocellular carcinomas, of which 20-45% metastasized in each group. The females in each treatment group tended to die earlier, because they received a higher dose per unit body weight, but for each sex there was a dose-related decrease in survival as the carcinogen dose increased. There was a considerable incidence of tumours of the nasal cavity. The incidence of these tumours tended to be higher in males than in females and might be sex- or lifespan-related. A number of rats had cholangiocarcinomas in the liver and there were a few kidney tumours and tumours of the oesophagus in animals given the higher doses. None of these tumours was seen in the untreated controls of either sex, almost all of which outlived the treated animals. It is concluded that N-nitrosodiethanolamine is a carcinogen of considerable potency in rats. PMID- 6537935 TI - Aflatoxin exposures in the industrial setting: an epidemiological study of mortality. AB - Mortality occurring between 1963 and 1980 in a small cohort (N = 71) of Dutch oil press workers exposed between 1961 and 1969 to aflatoxins primarily via the respiratory route, was assessed and compared to that of a similar group of unexposed workers (N = 67). For the entire period of study, the observed mortalities for total-cancer and respiratory cancer were higher than expected in the aflatoxin-exposed group. Mortality observed in the comparison group was within the expected range. While two deaths in the exposed group were attributed to non-malignant liver disease, no primary liver tumours were observed. The greatest difference between observed and expected mortality was in the period between 1963 and 1968. PMID- 6537934 TI - Chronic toxicity tests of pyrilamine maleate and methapyrilene hydrochloride in F344 rats. AB - Methapyrilene hydrochloride was administered at levels of 125 or 250 ppm in the diet to groups of male and female F344 rats. The closely analogous antihistaminic drug pyrilamine, as the maleate, was given at 2000 ppm in the diet or at 2 g/litre drinking-water to groups of male and female F344 rats. Almost all of the rats given the higher dose of methapyrilene had either carcinomas or neoplastic nodules of the liver, whereas at 125 ppm 40% of the rats had neoplastic nodules in the liver. Among the 20 male and 20 female rats treated with pyrilamine maleate mixed into the diet, two males and two females had hepatocellular carcinomas and, in addition, five males and eight females had neoplastic nodules in the liver. The incidence of liver neoplasms in the rats given pyrilamine in the drinking-water did not differ from that in the untreated controls, of which five males and three females had neoplastic nodules in the liver. PMID- 6537936 TI - Safety evaluation of sweet lupine (Lupinus albus cv. Multolupa). II. Nine-month feeding and multigeneration study in rats. AB - Sweet lupine Lupinus albus cv. Multolupa) flour containing 41.7% protein and 0.025% lupanine was fed for 9 months to two generations of rats (F1 and F2) at a level that provided 20% dietary protein. The diets were supplemented with 0.2% DL methionine. The control diet provided the same dietary protein level from defatted soya-bean flour, fish meal and dried skimmed milk. The lupine diet had no effect on the general condition, mortality or behaviour of the animals. The growth rate of males fed sweet lupine was significantly higher than that of the controls. Haematological parameters and tests of liver function were normal in all treatment groups. At autopsy there were no significant changes in the weight of the heart, kidney, spleen, brain and gonads. However, the relative weight of the liver of lupine-fed rats was significantly lower than that in the controls. The histology of the liver, like that of the other organs examined, was normal. The reproduction study did not reveal any adverse effect on fertility or lactation that could be attributed to ingestion of sweet lupine. This investigation did not disclose any deleterious effects through two generations of rats that were fed sweet lupine at a level that provided 20% dietary protein for 9 months. PMID- 6537937 TI - Gastro-intestinal absorption and in vitro release of boric acid from water emulsifying ointments. AB - Boric acid taken orally by six male volunteers in a cross-over study was absorbed to equal extents from a water solution and a 3% waterless, water-emulsifying ointment, though with a slight initial delay in the latter case. Virtually complete gastro-intestinal absorption and renal excretion were indicated by the 96-hr urinary recovery, amounting to 89.1-98.3% (mean 93.9%) and 89.2-97.5% (mean 92.4%) of the dose ingested as solution and ointment, respectively, normal daily boron excretion having been taken into account. The in vitro release of boric acid, measured for 24 hr by dialysis in water at 37 degrees C, reached 95% from a purely water-based jelly but only about 5% from the water-emulsifying ointment. The low boric acid release from the ointment was not significantly influenced when the ointment was dialysed against buffer solutions of pH 2.5 and 9.6 instead of water, or when the maximum possible amount of water (26.9% w/w) was incorporated into the ointment before dialysis. The 24-hr boric acid release from a number of other oil-based ointments, either hydrophobic or water-emulsifying and containing 1-3% boric acid and 0-28.5% water, was also low (0.9-18.3% of the boric acid content). This indicates that the formulation of the ointment is an important factor in determining the extent of release of boric acid when the ointment is applied externally, but that it does not alter the absorption of boric acid should the ointment be ingested. PMID- 6537938 TI - Determination of volatile nitrosamine levels in foods and estimation of their daily intake in Japan. AB - Volatile-nitrosamine levels were determined in fish, fish products, meat products, beer and cheese. From the amounts of nitrosamines detected in foods and the average daily intake of foods in Japan, the intake of nitrosamines was estimated to be 0.5 microgram/head/day. Most (88%) of the daily intake of nitrosamines came from seafoods. PMID- 6537939 TI - Activities of tryptophan-metabolizing enzymes in liver and brain of rats treated with aflatoxins. AB - Male Sprague-Dawley rats were treated ip twice daily for 10 days with mixed aflatoxins (10 micrograms/kg body weight) and then the activities of liver tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase and brainstem tryptophan 5-hydroxylase were determined in vitro. Total tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase activity was reduced by aflatoxin treatment while holoenzyme activity was not. Induction of tryptophan 2,3 dioxygenase activity by L-tryptophan was not altered by the treatment though induction by hydrocortisone was blocked. It is suggested that aflatoxin may alter the tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase-haem bond in vivo rather than affect enzyme or cofactor synthesis. Kinetics studies performed in vitro on brain tryptophan 5 hydroxylase showed that aflatoxin treatment in vivo increased the Km of the hydroxylase when L-tryptophan and synthetic 6,7-dimethyl-5,6,7,8 tetrahydrobiopterin were used as the substrate and cofactor, respectively. However, aflatoxin treatment did not alter the Vmax of tryptophan-5-hydroxylase. PMID- 6537940 TI - Observable tumours, risk assessment and experimental design. AB - The first goal of this article is to outline a design for an efficient experiment for testing each of many chemicals for carcinogenic potential by dermal exposure, including a risk assessment when appropriate. The second is to validate a general mathematical model for the dose-response function in this situation by using the results from a large experiment in skin painting done by the Oak Ridge National Laboratory. These two goals are related because the general model is used as a guide in the choice of an efficient design for testing the many chemicals on which information is required. PMID- 6537942 TI - Mechanism of orthophenylphenol toxicity. PMID- 6537941 TI - A 6-month dietary toxicity study of acidic sodium aluminium phosphate in beagle dogs. AB - Sodium aluminium phosphate [NaAl3H14(PO4)8. 4H2O], a leavening acid, was administered to groups of six male and six female beagle dogs at dietary concentrations of 0, 0.3, 1.0 or 3.0% for 6 months. No adverse treatment-related clinical signs were observed. There were no statistically significant differences in mean body weights between test and control groups at any of the weekly determinations. Weekly mean food consumption values of all male treated groups did not differ significantly from those of the control group at any stage of the study. Statistically significant reductions in food consumption occurred sporadically in all treated groups of female dogs. No significant absolute or relative organ-weight differences were found between any of the treated groups and their respective controls. Haematological, blood chemistry and urinalysis data showed no toxicologically significant trends. Histopathological examination revealed no changes considered to be related to treatment. Thus dietary administration of sodium aluminum phosphate for 6 months at concentrations of 3% or lower caused no significant toxicological effects in beagle dogs. PMID- 6537943 TI - Malonaldehyde toxicity. PMID- 6537944 TI - Chromosome damage from ethylene oxide. PMID- 6537945 TI - Bond ratings may fall with prospective pricing system. PMID- 6537946 TI - Discrete subaortic stenosis as part of a short stature syndrome. AB - Observations in a family point to the existence of autosomal dominant inheritance for discrete subaortic stenosis (DSS), which made up part of a multisystem disorder. Both parents, offspring of two full siblings, had short stature, obstructive lung disease (OLD), hoarseness and upturned nose. The father alone had aortic stenosis and inguinal hernia. The six offspring, aged from 13 to 28 years, were followed up for up to 8 years. While one of them was virtually normal, and one had only minor abnormalities, four siblings displayed clinical signs of progressive aortic stenosis. Of the two eldest siblings who eventually died, necropsy in one showed a discrete subaortic stenosis, which was hemodynamically proven in one and surgically corrected in another sibling. Upturned nose was present in each examined member of the family, short stature and hoarseness in five of the siblings, DSS in four, OLD, inguinal hernia and congested episcleral veins in three, kyphoscoliosis in two, while epicanthus, strabismus, microphthalmos and widely spaced teeth were noted in the deceased female. The prevalence of some of these traits in roughly three-quarters of the sibship was consistent with an underlying single gene abnormality in affected heterozygous parents. We proposed that this constitutes a new syndrome. PMID- 6537947 TI - Binding of Escherichia coli heat-stable enterotoxin to rat intestinal cells and brush border membranes. AB - The association of heat-stable enterotoxin (STa) produced by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli 431 with isolated rat intestinal epithelial cells and brush border membranes was characterized. Specific binding of strain 431 125I-STa to a single class of specific high-affinity receptors was saturable and temperature dependent and reached a maximum between 5 and 10 min. A 1,000-fold excess of unlabeled 431 STa competitively displaced 90 to 95% of radiolabeled enterotoxin bound to brush border membranes. In contrast, specific binding of 431 125I-STa to intestinal cells ranged from 40 to 65%. The number of STa-specific receptors on rat intestinal cells determined by Scatchard analysis was 47,520 +/- 14,352 (mean +/- standard error of the mean) per cell, with affinity constants (KaS) of 2.55 X 10(11)and 4.32 x 10(11) liters/mol determined for intestinal cells and brush border membranes, respectively. Villus intestinal cells appeared to possess about twice as many STa receptors as did crypt cells. Dissociation of specifically bound 431 125I-STa from intestinal cells and brush border membranes was minimal (2 to 5%). In addition, neither the rate nor the extent of dissociation was increased by a 1,000-fold excess of unlabeled homologous 431 Sta. Binding experiments with 431 125I-STa and brush border membranes showed that purified unlabeled STas from enterotoxigenic E. coli strains 667 (class 1 porcine enteropathogen), B-41 (bovine enteropathogen), and human strains 213C2 (Mexico) and 153961-2 (Dacca, Bangledesh) exhibited patterns of competitive inhibition similar to those of homologous unlabeled 431 STa (class 2 enteropathogen). A lipid extract which contained gangliosides and glycolipids exhibited dose dependent competitive inhibition of heat-labile enterotoxin binding to brush border membranes but did not inhibit binding of 431 125I-STa. Purified heat labile enterotoxin from strain 286C2 did not inhibit binding of 431 STa to brush border membranes. Pronase treatment of brush border membranes reduced binding of 431 125I-STa by about 30%, suggesting that the STa receptor was a protein or a glycoprotein. The putative STa receptor was radiolabeled with 431 125I-STa and solubilized with sodium deoxycholate. One major radioactive band was detected by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, followed by radioautography. These data suggested that STas bind essentially irreversibly to a specific receptor on the cell surface of intestinal cells before activation of guanylate cyclase. PMID- 6537948 TI - Heterogeneity of plasminogen activator expression in various Moloney virus induced tumor cell lines. Lack of correlation with tumor growth and cell phenotype. AB - The aberrant expression of a plasminogen activator (PA) by Moloney virus (MuLV) transformed mouse lymphocytes and its relation to cell phenotype and tumor growth have been studied. Nine cultured cell lines were established from neoplastic splenic and thymic tissues obtained from B10 congeneic mice inoculated with MuLV and killed when overtly leukemic. Cell surface markers were assayed by microcytotoxicity tests, the concentration of MuLV p30 and group-specific MuLV gp 70 was determined by radioimmunoassays and the expression of PA activity was assessed in a fibrin-agar plate method. PA activity of 24 h serum-free culture supernatant, intact cells or cell lysates (2 X 10(5) cells/ml) was expressed in International Units by reference to a urokinase standard curve. Tumor extension and cell morphology were investigated by histologic and cytomorphologic analysis. In all cases the cell lines were derived from T cells. PA activity is not expressed by normal lymphocytes, but variations in PA expression were observed in the transformed cells. Five out of nine transformed cell lines showed PA activity with a range of 1.3 to 9.9 IU/ml. No PA activity could be detected in the other cell lines. No correlation was found between PA expression and the cell-surface expressed phenotype, neither was there any correlation between the PA content, the cytopathological features and the degree and type of organ infiltration. This lack of correlation indicates that there is no relation between PA activity and the expression of the transformed phenotype, and that the presence of PA activity seems to be irrelevant to the tumorigenic capacities of the transformed cell lines. PMID- 6537949 TI - Cyclophosphamide, adriamycin, and 24-hour infusion of cis diamminedichloroplatinum (II) in the management of patients with advanced head and neck neoplasms. AB - Twenty-eight patients with measurable or evaluable, regionally advanced or metastatic head and neck cancer received the combination of cyclophosphamide (C), adriamycin (ADR), and a 24-hour infusion of cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (II) (P). Most patients had received extensive prior surgery and radiation therapy, but only two had prior chemotherapy. We observed a 46% response rate (13/28) which included five complete responders and eight partial responders. Nine of the 13 patients responded within the initial month of treatment. The median response duration for the 13 responding patients was 7.5 months. Moderate to severe nausea and vomiting, and alopecia were the most significant toxicities. Myelosuppression (WBC less than 4,100 cells/mm3) occurred in 90% of patients but there were no episodes of sepsis, nor did we detect any meaningful impairment in renal function. PMID- 6537950 TI - A novel retinol-binding protein from rat. Purification and partial characterization. AB - A novel retinol-binding protein, resolved during purification into two essentially identical forms, has been discovered in the rat. It was purified to apparent homogeneity, using whole neonatal rat pups as source. The protein is distinct from other known retinol-binding proteins by behavior during purification, spectra of bound retinol, and immunochemical reactivity. It is a single polypeptide chain with molecular weight of about 16,000. The protein binds all-trans-retinol as an endogenous ligand. Retinol bound to the protein exhibited considerably altered absorbance and fluorescence excitation spectra compared to free retinol in organic solvent. The retinol-binding protein was found by radioimmunoassay in a number of tissues of the neonatal rat. However, liver and intestine had levels 100-fold higher than any other tissues examined. The intestine of the adult rat had levels 500-fold higher than any other tissue examined, with a decreasing gradient from jejenum to colon. The high levels in intestine suggest this protein may have a role in the absorption of retinol. PMID- 6537951 TI - A new 185,000-dalton skeletal muscle protein detected by monoclonal antibodies. AB - The M line, which transverses the center of the thick filament region of skeletal muscle sarcomeres, appears to be a complex array of multiple structural elements. To date, two proteins have definitely been shown to be associated with the M line. They are MM-CK, localized in the M 4,4' substriations, and a 165,000-dalton (164 kd) protein, referred to as both M-protein and myomesin. Here we report the positive identification of a third M-line protein of 185 kd. In the course of making monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against a 165-kd fraction, we also obtained mAbs that bound to the M line of isolated myofibrils as detected by indirect immunofluorescence, but recognized a protein band of 185 kd in immunoblotting experiments with either the original immunogen or low ionic strength myofibril extracts as antigenic targets. The evidence that the 185- and 165-kd proteins are distinct protein species is based on the separation of the two proteins into discrete peaks by ion exchange chromatography, the distinctive patterns of their degradation products, and non-cross-reactivity of any of seven mAbs. These mAbs recognize three unique antigenic determinants on the 185-kd molecule and at least two and probably four sites on the 165-kd molecule as determined from competitive binding and immunofluorescence experiments. To resolve the problem of multiple nomenclature for the 165-kd protein, the 185-kd protein will be referred to as myomesin and the 165-kd protein as M-protein. PMID- 6537952 TI - The hagfish slime gland thread cell. I. A unique cellular system for the study of intermediate filaments and intermediate filament-microtubule interactions. AB - Thread cell differentiation in the slime gland of the Pacific hagfish Eptatretus stouti has been studied using light microscopy and scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Thread cell differentiation is remarkable in that the life history of the cell is largely dedicated to the production of a single, tapered, cylindrical, highly coiled, and precisely packaged cytoplasmic thread that may attain lengths of 60 cm and diameters approaching 1.5 micron. Each tapered thread, in turn, is comprised almost entirely of large numbers of intermediate filaments (IFs) bundled in parallel. During differentiation of the thread, the IFs become progressively more tightly packed. Various numbers of microtubules (MTs) are found among the bundled IFs during differentiation of the thread but disappear during the latter stages of thread differentiation. Observations of regularly spaced dots in longitudinal bisections of developing threads, diagonal striations in tangential sections of developing threads, and circumferentially oriented, filament-like structures observed at the periphery of developing threads cut in cross section have led us to postulate a helically oriented component(s) wrapped around the periphery of the developing thread. The enormous size of the fully differentiated thread cell, its apparent singular dedication to the production of IFs, the ease of isolating and purifying the threads and IF subunits (see accompanying paper), and the unique position of the hagfish in the phylogenetic scheme of vertebrate evolution all contribute to the attractiveness of the hagfish slime gland thread cell as a potential model system for studying IF subunit synthesis, IF formation from IF subunits, aggregation of IFs into IF bundles and the interaction(s) of IFs and MTs. PMID- 6537953 TI - Hagfish slime gland thread cells. II. Isolation and characterization of intermediate filament components associated with the thread. AB - The slime glands of hagfish have two major cell types, gland thread cells (GTCs) and gland mucous cells (GMCs), both of which upon contact with water contribute to the formation of an abundant quantity of viscous mucus. In previous studies we reported a method for the isolation of GTCs and showed that each ellipsoidal thread cell normally contains a single tapered thread which is uniquely coiled into a space-saving conformation and occupies most of the cell volume. Subsequently, the developing thread was found to consist mainly of intermediate filaments (IFs) aligned in parallel not only to one another but also to a far fewer number of interspersed microtubules (see accompanying paper). In the present report, urea extracts of GTCs were purified and characterized to establish the properties of thread components. One major (alpha) and two minor (beta, gamma) components prepared by anion exchange chromatography were shown to have similar apparent molecular weights of 63,500 +/- 500 daltons but different isoelectric pH values (alpha, 7.56; beta, 5.67; gamma, 5.31). Although the amino acid content of alpha differed significantly from beta and gamma, each of the three was highest in Gly, relatively high in Glx, Ser, Thr, Asx, Ala, Val, and Leu, and relatively low in Cys/2 and Trp. The amino acid compositions of beta and gamma were very similar, and only beta showed evidence of carbohydrate. The threonine content of the alpha component was higher than has been reported for IFs of different origin, and the high content of hydroxyamino acids (18, 19 residues per 100) in alpha, beta, and gamma has been approached only by several IF polypeptides from human or bovine epidermal keratins. Mixtures of the purified components formed 9-11-nm filaments in vitro. The results indicate that the hagfish thread cell is a rich source of IFs, which have a structure that facilitates formation of macrofibrils within the cell. PMID- 6537954 TI - Peripheral neurons and Schwann cells secrete plasminogen activator. AB - The secretion of the protease plasminogen activator (PA) by cells of developing peripheral nerve was demonstrated. Fetal and early postnatal dorsal root ganglia were established in culture as explants or as individual neurons and Schwann cells. A fibrin overlay assay was used to visualize the locations of PA secretion. Fibrinolytic zones formed around the somata of explants and were skewed in the direction of maximal fiber outgrowth. Individual growth cones at the tips of long fasiculated fiber bundles also released PA. Approximately 50% of individual neurons showed PA secretion; especially pronounced release occurred at some growth cones. Culture of nerve growth factor-independent adult neurons showed that PA expression was independent of effects of this growth hormone. A subpopulation of Schwann cells was also active in PA secretion, which could be detected at the soma, at the bipolar processes, or along the entire cell length. Possible functions of neural PA in development and regeneration are discussed. PMID- 6537956 TI - The natural history of mountain cedar pollinosis. AB - During the winter months, pollen from the mountain cedar (MC) (Juniperus sabinoides) causes severe respiratory tract allergy in central Texas. We have been impressed with the fact that many of our MC-allergic patients had only allergic rhinitis and were only sensitive to MC pollen. We therefore studied 234 unselected MC-allergic patients at the end of the MC season. The main criteria for inclusion into the study was a bona fide history of MC pollinosis confirmed by a positive skin test. All patients completed a detailed history questionnaire, were prick skin tested by using 1:20 w/v, extracts, and had a total IgE determined with commercially available reagents (PRIST). Thirty-four percent of patients were found to be allergic only to MC and 66% were allergic to MC and other aeroallergens. As a group, patients allergic only to MC had significantly lower total IgE levels (84 IU/ml vs. 360, p less than 0.001) (normal less than 180), required much longer exposure intervals to cedar pollen before developing MC pollinosis (14.4 yr vs. 5.69, p less than 0.001), had less of a family history of allergic disease (43% vs. 88%, p less than 0.001), had less of a history of asthma or eczema (11% vs. 39%, p less than 0.001), and developed allergic disease at a later age (39 yr vs. 13, p less than 0.001) when compared to patients with multiple allergies. These results suggest that the MC pollen may be unique in causing allergic rhinitis in patients who have no other sensitivities. A possible explanation may lie in the carbohydrate nature of the main allergen of the MC pollen, which may facilitate allergen transport through the respiratory tract mucosa and subsequent sensitization. PMID- 6537955 TI - Long-term prostaglandin E1 therapy in congenital heart defects. AB - Seventeen neonates received an intravenous infusion of prostaglandin E1 for an average of 39 days (range 8 to 104). Seven (group 1) had transposition of the great arteries with no ventricular septal defect or a small one; eight (group 2) had ductus-dependent pulmonary flow (pulmonary atresia or stenosis in six and tricuspid atresia in two); and two (group 3) had aortic coarctation, one with no ventricular septal defect, the other with ventricular septal defect, isthmus hypoplasia and descending aortic flow supplied mainly by the ductus. An increase in the arterial partial pressure of oxygen (PO2) was seen in groups 1 and 2. Six patients from group 1 and two from group 2 developed heart failure; cortical hyperostosis of long bones was seen in three patients from group 1 and three from group 2; one from group 1 had refractory diarrhea. Other side effects seen at the beginning improved as the rate of infusion diminished. In group 3, the patient with complex coarctation had a decrease in blood pressure in the arms, an increase in pressure in the legs and restoration of renal function; in the patient with no ventricular septal defect, heart failure worsened during therapy. Histologic changes seen in three ductus were attributed to the closing process. When delaying surgery in selected ill infants with heart defects is deemed advantageous, long-term infusions of prostaglandin E1 are feasible. PMID- 6537957 TI - Causes for hospitalization of nursing home residents: the role of infection. AB - Little is known about specific clinical conditions that lead to hospitalization of nursing home patients. To explore this, the authors examined the hospitalizations of 128 nursing home residents and compared them with hospitalizations of 320 patients from the outpatient clinic. Hospitalized nursing home patients were older, were admitted to medical services more frequently, and had more nonspecific complaints on admission. Nursing home patients were hospitalized most frequently for diseases of the circulatory system (16 per cent), respiratory system (14 per cent), and genitourinary system (12 per cent); clinic patients, for diseases of the circulatory system (25 per cent) and nervous system (10 per cent), neoplasms (10 per cent), and signs and symptoms of ill defined conditions (10 per cent). The most frequent causes of hospitalization for all patients were diseases of the circulatory system (23 per cent), nervous system (10 per cent), and neoplasms (10 per cent). Among patients from the nursing home, infections caused substantially more admissions (27 per cent) than among patients originating from clinic (12 per cent; P less than 0.001). These findings disclose an important opportunity to reduce health care costs and enhance quality of life in the nursing home, particularly through the treatment and control of infections. PMID- 6537958 TI - Cytochemical studies of adenylate cyclase in the choroid plexus and brain vessels of rat and mouse. AB - Adenylate cyclase (AC) activity was studied in the choroid plexus and brain vessels of rat and mouse using a recently improved cytochemical method (Palkama A, Kaufman HE, Uusitalo R, Uusitalo H, Virtanen J, Huhtaniitty S: J Histochem Cytochem 29:898, 1981). For comparison, the vasculature of skeletal muscle was also examined. Specimens were fixed for 5 min in 1% paraformaldehyde or 1% paraformaldehyde and 0.1% glutaraldehyde supplemented with activators of AC: isoproterenol and 5'-guanylylimidodiphosphate or forskolin. These activators were also present in the "activating solution" and in the incubation medium. For control purposes no activators were used. Various capturing agents were introduced into incubation media: SrCl2, Pb citrate, NdCl3, and CeCl3. Satisfactory results were obtained with both fixatives, both activators, and the capturing agents SrCl2 and Pb citrate. In rat choroid plexus AC activity was localized in the basal and lateral plasmalemma of epithelial cells, in the plasmalemma of cells interposed between epithelium and capillaries and occasionally in pinocytotic vesicles of endothelial cells. In micro-blood vessels of rat brain, the reaction appeared in the luminal or in both luminal and abluminal plasmalemma of endothelial cells and in smooth muscle cells. In skeletal muscle microvessels, reaction product was mainly located in numerous pits and pinocytotic vesicles associated with luminal plasmalemma of endothelial cells. Some reaction in rat cortex was occasionally observed in Golgi saccules of neurons and in postsynaptic densities. In the mouse choroid plexus and brain vessels the reaction was notably less intense, suggesting the existence of species differences in AC activity as revealed by cytochemical technique. PMID- 6537959 TI - Growth and survival characteristics of Campylobacter jejuni in liquid egg. AB - Growth and survival of four Campylobacter jejuni strains in yolk, in liquid whole egg and in white during aerobic storage at 37, 20 and 4 degrees C was followed. In 48 h at 37 degrees C the cell counts of C. jejuni increased by about 3 log10 units in yolk and 1.60-3.35(10) log units in liquid whole egg. The growth of C. jejuni was slightly better in yolk than in liquid whole egg. At 20 degrees C during 48 h the cell counts decreased by about 0.5-1.5 log10 units in yolk and in liquid whole egg. At 4 degrees C the decrease in cell counts after 21 days ranged from 1 to 2 log10 units, except for one strain, KH3, which could not be detected after 14 days storage in yolk. In liquid whole egg the cell counts of this strain also decreased considerably during storage. In white the number of inoculated C. jejuni cells decreased rapidly. The killing effect of white was shown to be temperature-dependent; at 37 and 20 degrees C no positive samples were detected after 24 h and at 4 degrees C no positive samples were found after 48 h. PMID- 6537960 TI - Hormonal influence on the secretory immune system of the eye: androgen regulation of secretory component levels in rat tears. AB - The present study examined the influence of gender and steroid hormones on the level of free secretory component (SC) in tears of rats. The SC concentration in tears of male rats was approximately five-fold greater than that found in tears of females. This difference could not be accounted for by variations in tear volume or a suppression of tear SC content in female rats during certain stages of the estrous cycle. Rather, the elevated level of SC in tears of males appeared to be due to the effect of androgens. Castration of male, but not female, rats resulted in a time-dependent decrease in the SC content of tears. Administration of testosterone to orchiectomized rats reversed this decline and induced a time- and dose-dependent increase in the tear SC concentration. This response appeared specific for androgens, because treatment of orchiectomized rats with progesterone, estradiol, or cortisol had no effect on total tear SC. Consistent with this hypothesis was our finding that injection of castrated male rats with 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone also raised the tear SC concentration. Of interest, the androgen-induced increase of the SC level in tears was not accompanied by similar changes in total tear protein. These results suggest that androgens may influence the production and/or secretion of SC by ocular tissues. Furthermore, our findings indicate that androgens play a role in the ocular secretory immune system of the rat. PMID- 6537961 TI - Isotypes of spontaneous and mitogen-induced autoantibodies in SLE-prone mice. AB - A common cellular abnormality of all murine strains prone to systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an increased spontaneous polyclonal expansion of B cells. Our findings support the existence of this SLE-associated abnormality because the numbers of B lymphocytes secreting all the different IgG subclasses and IgM in spleens of all lupus-prone mice are elevated, compared to levels of normal splenic immunoglobulin-producing cells. We also report that 1) spontaneous polyclonal stimulation of immunoglobulin in autoimmune mice is preferential for subclass, and that the preferentially stimulated isotypes in each SLE strain consistently dominate both circulating and kidney-deposited immune complexes; 2) distinct patterns of isotype preference exist among the autoimmune strains determined by inherent B cell proliferative abnormalities or by B cell proliferation affected by thymus-derived lymphocytes; and 3) chronic administration of the TI B cell mitogen Lipid A in late-life SLE-prone mice induces an early-life glomerulonephritis with auto-antibodies of an isotype composition characteristic of those spontaneously produced by inherently abnormal B cells of early-life lupus mice. PMID- 6537962 TI - Minocycline resistance among clinical isolates of Ureaplasma urealyticum. PMID- 6537963 TI - Lack of cross-reactivity between aztreonam , a monobactam antibiotic, and penicillin in penicillin-allergic subjects. AB - Monobactam antibiotics are a new class of beta-lactam antibiotics. In contrast to penicillins or cephalosporins, monobactams possess a monocyclic beta-lactam structure. IgE or immediate hypersensitivity cross-reactivity between aztreonam (a monobactam) and penicillin was investigated, since this will be an important consideration when therapy is chosen. The maximum concentration of aztreonam reagents not giving false-positive skin tests was determined in normal subjects who were not allergic to penicillin. Subsequently, 41 subjects with IgE antibody to one or more penicillin moieties, as determined by positive skin reactions, were tested with the aztreonam reagents. Thirty-seven of these persons showed no reactivity while four showed equivocal tests. Repeat tests in those four persons were negative to the aztreonam reagents, while their penicillin tests remained unchanged. These in vivo data suggest that there is no cross-reactivity between IgE antibodies to penicillin and aztreonam and provide a basis for investigating the therapeutic use of monobactams in patients who are allergic to penicillin. PMID- 6537964 TI - Ventilation tubes and cholesteatoma in children. AB - The previous use of ventilation tubes has been investigated retrospectively in a series of children whose ears had been operated on. Within a six-year period, 49 ears had a cholesteatoma documented, and in 14 of these a tube had been used. During the same period, 64 ears were operated on for chronic otitis media without cholesteatoma, and of these only three ears had been treated with a tube. This difference is statistically significant (p = 0.0004). A final conclusion is not possible from this information and more research is needed, but the study indicates the importance of a long-term follow-up of children who have been treated with ventilation tubes. PMID- 6537965 TI - Localization of central nervous system structures mediating extracellular thirst in the female rat. AB - Water intake elicited by microinjection of the hormone angiotensin-II into the preoptic region of cyclic female rats was significantly less on days of vaginal oestrus than at dioestrus or metoestrus, whereas the drinking of 2.7% NaCl solution, to which rats also had access, did not vary with the cycle. Administration of the same dose of angiotensin-II to the subfornical organ and the lateral cerebral ventricles induced drinking at all stages of the oestrous cycle, but the volumes of water or 2.7% NaCl ingested did not vary with the cycle. Water intake after subcutaneous injection of isoprenaline, a beta adrenergic agonist which causes increased angiotensin biosynthesis, varied cyclically with the stage of the oestrous cycle. On the other hand, water and 2.7% NaCl intakes induced by intraperitoneal injection of hypertonic NaCl (a cellular stimulus of thirst) or by 24-h water deprivation (which dehydrates both the extracellular and cellular body fluid compartments) did not differ significantly at the various stages of the oestrous cycle. The finding that fluctuations in angiotensin- and isoprenaline-induced water intake parallel the changes in spontaneous 24-h drinking suggests that the preoptic region may play an important role in the maintenance of extracellular fluid balance in synchrony with the oestrous cycle. PMID- 6537966 TI - Sexual dimorphism involving steroidal pheromones and their binding protein in the submaxillary salivary gland of the Gottingen miniature pig. AB - Submaxillary glands of mature Gottingen miniature pigs were examined for the presence of a sexual dimorphism. Gland weights, serous cell hypertrophy and total protein in the glands were much greater in male than female pigs. High concentrations of the pheromonal 16-androstene steroids were present in the glands of males and exceeded 2 mmol/g in some animals; this was primarily due to 5 alpha-androst-16-en-3 alpha-ol. The high concentration of 16-androstene steroids in boar glands was correlated with the presence of large amounts of binding protein for these steroids in the glands; smaller amounts of the binding protein were detected in female glands. These findings are similar to those found in domestic pigs, but the degree of sexual dimorphism assessed from these findings is more extreme in the miniature pig. PMID- 6537968 TI - Ambivalence in monkey mothering. Infant abuse combined with maternal possessiveness. AB - The maternal behavior of an abusive Japanese macaque multiparous female was compared with that of three primiparous normal females from the same colony to evaluate the quality of the abusive mother-infant relationship. The abusive mother-infant pair scored highest on maternal warmth, protectiveness, possessiveness, and scored lowest on maternal rejectingness. The finding that the abusive mother alternated violent abuse with attentive maternal care is not consistent with the learning defect explanation of monkey infant abuse. Rather, the intense anxiety she showed in the relationship with her infant indicates that she suffered from an emotional disorder that can be adequately described by referring to Bowlby's model of anxious attachment. The implications of this case for the development of a nonhuman primate model of child abuse are examined in the light of human data clearly showing attachment disturbances in some child abusing mothers. PMID- 6537967 TI - Neonatal glucocorticoid administration: effect on the diurnal rhythm of serum concentrations of corticosterone, progesterone and LH, and the response to pregnant mare serum gonadotrophin in immature female rats. AB - The effects of neonatal cortisol acetate administration on diurnal changes in serum corticosterone, progesterone and LH and on the response to pregnant mare serum gonadotrophin (PMSG) were examined in immature female rats. Neonatal cortisol treatment (250 micrograms/rat) abolished the diurnal rhythm of serum progesterone in rats at 27-29 days of age, and lowered overall the serum progesterone response to PMSG. Neonatal cortisol also reduced the number of animals ovulating on day 28 after PMSG injection 48 h earlier. This dosage of cortisol did not alter the diurnal rhythm of serum corticosterone in these animals. Serum LH concentrations in control rats at 27-29 days of age did not differ between 09.00 and 18.00 h, and prior treatment with cortisol acetate did not significantly influence serum concentrations of this hormone. Our data suggest that ovarian production of progesterone contributes significantly to diurnal fluctuations of this steroid in the circulation of immature rats. Perinatal exposure to cortisol acetate abolishes the diurnal rhythm of serum progesterone and impairs the ovarian response of the immature female rat to PMSG. The mechanism(s) by which cortisol acetate alters these processes remains to be determined. PMID- 6537969 TI - Enhancement of hypophysectomy-induced dopamine receptor hypersensitivity in male rats by chronic haloperidol administration. AB - It has been reported that hypophysectomy (HYPOX) would antagonize the development of a neuroleptic-induced dopamine receptor hypersensitivity, and suggested that the neuroleptic-induced dopamine receptor hypersensitivity may be mediated by the neuroleptic-induced hyperprolactinemia. Conversely, we and others have reported on the ability of HYPOX animals to develop a neuroleptic-induced dopamine receptor hypersensitivity. The present study was undertaken to define the possible role(s) of prolactin in the modulation of striatal dopamine receptor sensitivity. The data from these studies indicate: that HYPOX alone will result in the development of a striatal dopamine receptor hypersensitivity; that the HYPOX-induced dopamine receptor hypersensitivity could be increased by the chronic administration and withdrawal of haloperidol; that administration of prolactin to HYPOX rats would partially antagonize the development of the neuroleptic-induced dopamine receptor hypersensitivity; and that the administration of prolactin alone had minimal effects on the apomorphine-induced behavior or neurochemistry of the HYPOX animals. These results suggest that the neuroleptics do not require the presence of a pituitary secretion (specifically, prolactin) to induce a striatal dopamine receptor hypersensitivity; however, they do indicate that a pituitary secretion, perhaps prolactin, may have the ability to modulate striatal dopamine sensitivity. PMID- 6537971 TI - Dietary arginine deprivation and delayed puberty in the female rat. AB - Dietary arginine deprivation was found to delay puberty in the female rat. Physiological pinealectomy by exposing to constant light suggests this gland is not involved in this delay. Compensatory ovarian hypertrophy (COH) was used to test the hypothalamic sensitivity to negative steroid feedback. COH occurred in hemiovariectomized immature rats ad libitum fed the control or arginine-deficient diet but failed to occur in hemiovariectomized, underfed, growth-matched control rats, which suggests that feed restriction and arginine deficiency do not exert identical effects on the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. Puberty, as defined by vaginal opening, first ovulation and the initiation of estrous cycles, was advanced by a week in the immature female rat fed a control diet after treatment with estradiol benzoate, 0.05 microgram/(100 g body weight X day) starting at 26 days of age. The time of first estrus and the first ovulation was not advanced in arginine-deficient rats by the same dosage of estrogen when administration began at 26 days of age. Treatment at an older age (40 or 54 days) or with a higher dosage [0.25 microgram/(100 g body weight X day)] at 26 days of age did advance puberty. The failure of estrogen to induce a vaginal cyclicity suggests an insufficient amount of endogenous estrogen to trigger a gonadotropin surge to cause the onset of puberty in the rat fed an arginine-deficient diet. PMID- 6537970 TI - Factors affecting the accumulation of homocyst(e)ine in rats deficient in vitamin B-6. AB - Factors that may affect the concentration of accumulated homocyst(e)ine in rats deficient in vitamin B-6 were studied. Hepatic cystathionine synthase activity in vitamin B-6 deficient rats was 41.5% of control and plasma protein-bound and free homocyst(e)ine concentrations were significantly increased; however, among deficient rats there was no correlation between the concentration of homocyst(e)ine and the activity of hepatic cystathionine synthase. The plasma protein-bound homocysteine concentration did not fluctuate with time of day, but a decrease in bound homocysteine was found when blood was sampled repeatedly from the same animal during a 24-hour period. A 24-hour fast resulted in a reduction in plasma homocyst(e)ine to concentrations not different from those of control animals. The protein content of the diet affected growth but not food intake of rats. Feeding a 10% versus a 60% casein diet did not change the concentration of accumulated homocyst(e)ine. Of the factors examined, only food restriction significantly affected plasma homocyst(e)ine concentration in rats deficient in vitamin B-6. It is speculated that decreased and sporadic food intake in rats deficient in vitamin B-6 may be responsible for the large fluctuations in homocyst(e)ine concentration observed in these animals over time. PMID- 6537972 TI - Treatment of dietary casein with formaldehyde reduces its hypercholesterolemic effect in rabbits. AB - Rabbits were fed cholesterol-free, semipurified diets containing 42% (wt/wt) casein or 21% casein plus one of the following nitrogen sources: soy isolate, amino acid mixture simulating casein, amino acid mixture simulating soy isolate, formaldehyde-treated casein or formaldehyde-treated soy isolate. Two additional groups of rabbits were fed the 42% casein diet and the diet containing casein plus soy isolate to which 0.4% (wt/wt) pure formaldehyde was added, this amount being identical to the amount of formaldehyde present in the diets with formaldehyde-treated proteins. Growth was somewhat reduced on the three diets containing 42% casein. The diet containing 42% casein to which no formaldehyde had been added induced severe hypercholesterolemia, the level of serum cholesterol after 8 weeks being about 10 mmol/L. The hypercholesterolemia was markedly reduced by the replacement of half of the casein by soy isolate, formaldehyde-treated soy isolate or formaldehyde-treated casein. No significant reduction of the concentration of serum cholesterol was seen when half of the 42% casein was replaced by an amino acid mixture imitating either casein or soy isolate. Formaldehyde per se did not significantly influence the level of serum cholesterol. We conclude that the differential tertiary structure of intact casein and soy isolate is an important factor in determining the cholesterolemic responses in rabbits to these proteins. PMID- 6537973 TI - Biliary steroid excretion in rats fed soybean protein and casein or their amino acid mixtures. AB - Male Wistar rats were fed 1% fat, cholesterol-free semipurified diets containing soybean protein isolate and casein or amino acid mixtures simulating these proteins for 28-30 days. The animals then underwent surgery for biliary diversion, and bile was collected for 2 hours. The rate of bile flow was not influenced by the type of dietary protein. The concentration and output of biliary cholesterol in rats fed soybean protein were significantly higher than in those fed casein, while biliary bile acid excretion was comparable. The group given the soy protein-type amino acid mixture also tended to excrete more biliary cholesterol relative to the casein-type amino acid mixture, although the difference was not significant, while biliary bile acid output was comparable. When 5% fat diets containing 0.5% cholesterol were given to rats, concentrations of both biliary cholesterol and bile acid were elevated significantly on a vegetable protein diet. In these experiments, there was a significant negative correlation between serum cholesterol and biliary cholesterol levels. Stimulation of the biliary excretion of cholesterol seems at least relevant to the cholesterol-lowering action of soybean protein. PMID- 6537975 TI - Effects of prostaglandin E1 on canine nasal vascular and airway resistances. AB - We have developed a technique which can measure directly and simultaneously changes in both nasal vascular and airway resistances in the dog. Nasal vascular resistance was measured by either direct monitoring of the arterial inflow or a change in the perfusion pressure of the nasal vascular bed with blood flow maintained constant. Nasal airway resistance was measured by a rhinomanometric method. Intra-arterial infusion of prostaglandin (PG) E1 at the rate of 1 ml/min in doses of 0.001 to 10 micrograms/min caused a dose-dependent decrease in both nasal vascular and airway resistances. When compared with the control, the average maximal effect of PGE1 on vascular resistance was -38.4%, whereas on airway resistance it was -16.4%. The present studies demonstrate that PGE1 has significant vasodilatatory activity in the canine nasal vascular bed and suggest that the vascular and airway responses to PGE1 may be due to a decrease in inflow and outflow vascular resistance and/or opening of arteriovenous anastomoses. PMID- 6537974 TI - Neonatal bilirubin production estimated from "end-tidal" carbon monoxide concentration. AB - The relationship between the pulmonary excretion rate of carbon monoxide (VECO) and the concentration of CO, in a sample of breath, drawn through a nasopharyngeal catheter at end-expiration, was assessed in 25 studies of nine preterm and 14 term infants. The VECO and this approximate end-tidal sample of CO (ETCO) correlated significantly over a wide range of CO elimination rates: VECO = 10.45 ETCO + 2.25 (n = 25, r = 0.95). The ETCO correctly predicted elevations in VECO greater than 2 SD of the mean VECO for normal infants (13.9 +/- 3.5 microliter/kg/h), with 90% sensitivity and 73% specificity (p less than 0.01). Three subjects with Rh isoimmune hemolytic disease were easily identified by the ETCO as well as the VECO. The ETCO is a simple, noninvasive measurement for rapidly identifying infants with significant hemolytic disease. PMID- 6537976 TI - Reinstatement of responding maintained by cocaine or thiamylal. AB - Rhesus monkeys were trained to self-administer one of two reference drugs, either cocaine or thiamylal. The lowest dose of cocaine or thiamylal which maintained responding was determined. Responding extinguished when saline was substituted for a reference drug. Then the effects of a variety of other drugs on saline self administration were determined. In the cocaine-trained monkeys, the i.m. administration of d-methylamphetamine, cocaine, morphine or codeine during a session reinstated responding for saline infusions; in contrast, naloxone, chlorpromazine, dimethyltryptamine, diazepam and secobarbital did not. Naloxone blocked responding produced by the i.m. administration of morphine. In the thiamylal-trained monkeys, the administration of secobarbital (i.m.), pentobarbital (p.o.), butabarbital (p.o.) and phenobarbital (p.o.) reinstated responding for saline. The onset of behavioral responding was related to the pharmacokinetic properties of the drugs, with phenobarbital greater than pentobarbital = butabarbital. In contrast, cocaine and d-amphetamine i.m. failed to reinstate the responding in monkeys which had been trained to self-administer thiamylal. These data support the hypothesis that drugs producing responding at a rate significantly greater than that produced by vehicle controls share reinforcing properties with the reference drug. PMID- 6537977 TI - Differential effects of dazoxiben, a selective thromboxane-synthase inhibitor, on platelet and renal prostaglandin-endoperoxide metabolism. AB - Pharmacologic inhibition of thromboxane (TX) synthase can result in redirection of prostaglandin (PG) endoperoxide metabolism, possibly affecting platelet, vascular and renal function. This study explores the in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo effects of dazoxiben, an orally active TX-synthase inhibitor, on platelet and renal TXB2 production and associated changes in PG-endoperoxide metabolism. Dazoxiben inhibits TXB2 production in clotting human whole blood with an IC50 of 0.3 micrograms/ml and causes parallel enhancement of PGE2 greater than PGF2 alpha greater than 6-keto-PGF1 alpha production. Similar redirection of PG-endoperoxide metabolism is observed ex vivo, after the oral administration of 1.5 and 3.0 mg/kg to six healthy volunteers. Plasma 6-keto-PGF1 alpha ranges between less than 4 and 8 pg/ml during the first 3 h. Urinary TXB2 excretion, a reflection of renal TXA2 production, is significantly reduced by 30% with no evidence of redirection of renal PG-endoperoxide metabolism. In vitro inhibition of TXB2 production in rat kidney glomeruli requires significantly higher dazoxiben concentration (IC50 = 1.60 micrograms/ml) than in rat whole blood (IC50 = 0.32 micrograms/ml) and is not associated with changes in PGE2, PGF2 alpha and 6-keto PGF1 alpha production. These results demonstrate quantitatively and qualitatively diverse effects of dazoxiben in different TXA2-producing cells and suggest the possibility of developing tissue-selective TX-synthase inhibitors. PMID- 6537978 TI - Temporal relationships between hormonal concentrations and the electrical resistance of the vaginal tract of blue foxes (Alopex lagopus) at pro-oestrus and oestrus. AB - During pro-oestrus, baseline LH concentrations for 9 vixens (pooled data) ranged from 0.8 to 5.3 ng/ml. In each vixen, baseline levels were interrupted by elevations of LH ranging from 3.1 to 10.4 ng/ml. A major preovulatory LH surge was detected in all the vixens. The LH peak ranged from 13.5 to 73.0 ng/ml with an average of 27.8 +/- 18.8 (s.d.) ng/ml. Plasma LH concentrations declined to a basal level of 1.3 +/- 1.0 ng/ml within 48 h of the peak value. The duration of the LH surge was 1-3 days. The LH peak occurred 1 or 2 days before any sexual receptivity was observed. All the vixens were mated twice 2-5 days after the LH peak; 8 conceived. Plasma concentrations of oestradiol-17 beta increased gradually during the last 6-7 days before oestrus and reached maximum values (124 373 pg/ml) at the time of the preovulatory LH peak. The first significant increase in plasma progesterone concentration occurred simultaneously with the LH peak. During oestrus (normally 3-5 days), progesterone levels rose steeply, attaining a mean concentration of 57.0 +/- 17.5 ng/ml when the vixens went out of heat. Androstenedione and testosterone values changed similarly, both increasing at the beginning of pro-oestrus and reaching maximum values (805-1879 pg/ml and 328-501 pg/ml respectively) 1 day before to 1 day after the oestradiol-17 beta peak. The electrical resistance of the vaginal tract increased rapidly during the last 2-3 days of pro-oestrus, reaching a maximum value (300-640 omega) approximately 2 days after the oestradiol-17 beta peak that corresponded with the onset of sexual receptivity. Towards the end of oestrus, the values fell to 100 200 omega. PMID- 6537979 TI - Role of sperm-surface glycoproteins in gamete recognition in two mouse species. AB - In-vitro fertilization and sperm binding to the zona pellucida within and between Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) and Mus caroli (Asian wild field mouse) were examined. Maximum homologous sperm binding in M. musculus was 12.3 +/- 0.3 spermatozoa bound/egg and in M. caroli, 9.2 +/- 0.2. In heterologous crosses, sperm-zona binding was significantly reduced (M. musculus eggs with M. caroli spermatozoa, 1.9 +/- 0.14; M. caroli eggs with M. musculus spermatozoa, 5.5 +/- 0.2). Homologous sperm-zona interaction was inhibited by different sugars in the two mouse species (M. caroli by alpha-methyl mannose, M. musculus by sialic acid). The data suggest that gamete recognition is highly species specific and that hapten sugars play a significant role in sperm-zona binding. PMID- 6537980 TI - Effect of stage of cycle, sampling frequency and recovery of micro-organisms on total protein content of mare uterine flushings. AB - Mares with sound reproductive tracts were divided into two groups. In Group I (N = 12), uteri were flushed once per oestrous cycle during alternate cycles while in Group II (N = 8) mares were flushed twice in a cycle for 2 contiguous cycles. Total protein concentrations and total recoverable protein of uterine flushings taken on Day 3 of oestrus and Day 8 after ovulation in each of the 2 groups and between the 2 groups did not differ significantly. The length of oestrus and dioestrus was not affected by the flushing procedures. Total recoverable protein and total protein concentrations of flushings were higher at Day 3 of oestrus and Day 8 and 15 after ovulation (P less than 0.01) when a micro-organism was isolated from the uterus before flushing. PMID- 6537981 TI - DNA binding protein from ovaries of the frog, Xenopus laevis which promotes concatenation of linear DNA. AB - A soluble extract of Xenopus laevis ovaries catalyzed ATP-dependent concatenation of linear duplex DNA molecules. DNA ligase and a unique X. laevis DNA binding protein were required for the formation of concatemers. A linear DNA concatenation system was reconstituted using T4 DNA ligase and homogeneous X. laevis DNA binding protein. This system catalyzed intermolecular ligation of DNA molecules into linear concatemers of up to ten or more times monomer length. PMID- 6537982 TI - Crystallization of a fragment of the adenovirus DNA binding protein. PMID- 6537983 TI - Dorsal noradrenergic bundle lesions fail to alter opiate withdrawal or suppression of opiate withdrawal by clonidine. AB - Previous work has shown that clonidine effectively suppresses many of the signs of opiate withdrawal. The present study was designed to test the hypothesis that the suppression of opiate withdrawal by clonidine is mediated by forebrain noradrenergic projections of the locus coeruleus. Two groups of 24 rats each were subjected to either a 6-hydroxydopamine lesion of the dorsal noradrenergic bundle (Lesion group) or a sham, vehicle injection (Sham group). All rats were made dependent on morphine by subcutaneous implantation of one 75 mg silastic morphine pellet for three days followed by 3 more days with two additional 75 mg pellets. Following removal of the morphine pellet, withdrawal was precipitated in all rats by subcutaneous injection of 4 mg/kg of naloxone. Pretreatment 10 min. before withdrawal with clonidine (0.1 or 0.2 mg/kg) produced a significant attenuation of withdrawal signs as compared to saline injected rats; this effect was equally significant in both sham and lesion groups. Lesions of the locus coeruleus had no effect on withdrawal, nor did they affect the ameliorating action of clonidine. These results substantiate the observation that clonidine can effectively attenuate signs of opiate withdrawal in the rat, but fail to support the hypothesis that these effects are mediated by the forebrain projections of the locus coeruleus. PMID- 6537984 TI - Are both the nocturnal and diurnal prolactin surges necessary to maintain pseudopregnancy in the rat? AB - Experiments were performed to determine whether both prolactin (PRL) surges are required to maintain pseudopregnancy (PSP) in the rat. Vaginal cycles were followed and animals that exhibited 2-3 normal cycles were cervically stimulated electromechanically to induce PSP. In one set of experiments the afternoon PRL surge was blocked by i.p. injection of 100 micrograms of 2Br-alpha-ergocryptine (CB-154) at 1200 and 1600h while the nocturnal surge was blocked by injecting 100 micrograms of CB-154 at 2400 and 0400h immediately after cervical stimulation. Pseudopregnancy was maintained only in those animals receiving CB-154 injections in the afternoon. In another series of experiments the initial CB-154 injection, given to block either surge, was delayed for one day. Once again only the nocturnal surge was capable of maintaining PSP in all animals. For those animals who had an initial nocturnal surge but all subsequent nocturnal surges were blocked, the afternoon surge was able to support PSP in only 50% of the animals. In those animals whose afternoon PRL surge was blocked, the duration of the nocturnal surge was extended so that it provided 85% of the total PRL produced by control PSP animals. In those animals whose nocturnal surge was blocked, the duration of the afternoon surge was also extended, however, in this case the extended surge only accounted for 58% of the total PRL produced by control PSP animals. The results indicated that when the diurnal PRL surge was blocked the nocturnal surge was extended so that the amount of PRL released was nearly equivalent to the amount released by both surges, however, when the nocturnal surge was blocked the extension of the diurnal surge did not provide adequate PRL to maintain PSP in all animals. PMID- 6537985 TI - Induction of temperature-sensitive 6-thioguanine-resistant mutants as a measure of base-pair substitution mutations in Chinese hamster ovary cells. AB - A method which allows quantification of the frequency of temperature-sensitive (ts) 6-thioguanine-resistant mutants of Chinese hamster ovary cells is described. These mutants, as well as non-ts type of mutant, contain altered hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyl transferase (HGPRT) enzyme activity. The frequency of these altered enzyme mutants allows estimation of the fraction of total mutagenic events in the hgprt gene which results from base-pair substitution and thus provides a measure of the type of lesions induced by mutagenic agents. With an alkylating agent, ethyl methanesulfonate, 16-22% of the total induced mutants show these altered protein phenotypes, while none were found with the putative frameshift mutagen, ICR-191. PMID- 6537986 TI - Characterization of polysaccharides of the eggs and adults of Hymenolepis diminuta. AB - Polysaccharides and other complex carbohydrates were released by proteolysis of the chloroform-methanol insoluble residue of 10 day-old worms and eggs of Hymenolepis diminuta. Gas-liquid chromatographic analysis of alditol acetate derivatives of monosaccharides released from the polysaccharides by hydrolysis revealed that in the 10 day-old worm, glucose was the most abundant sugar, followed by galactose, glucosamine, galactosamine, fucose and possibly rhamnose. Mannose was least abundant and xylose was absent. In the egg, glucose and galactose were equally abundant, followed by the same sugars found in 10 day-old worms, and xylose was present. Uronic acid was detected in both fractions by specific chemical tests. None of the saccharide material from eggs and worms was susceptible to degradation by Streptomyces hyaluronidase, chondroitinase AC, and slightly susceptible to chondroitinase ABC, as shown by electrophoretic analysis on composite 2.2% acrylamide-agarose slab gels and 4.5/12.5% polyacrylamide gels before and after enzymatic treatment. One of the gel-separable bands, however, was degradable by both nitrous acid and Flavobacterium heparinase. Both bands from eggs were degradable by nitrous acid. These results suggest that eggs contain heparin and/or heparan sulfate and perhaps dermatan sulfate and that 10 day-old worms also have these polyglycans but possibly not chondroitin sulfate or hyaluronic acid. PMID- 6537987 TI - Coronary thrombolysis with tissue-type plasminogen activator in patients with evolving myocardial infarction. AB - Tissue-type plasminogen activator is a naturally occurring, clot-selective activator of fibrinolysis. We recently reported that human tissue-type plasminogen activator isolated from a Bowes-melanoma-tissue-culture supernate lysed coronary thrombi in dogs without depleting circulating fibrinogen or alpha 2-antiplasmin, in contrast to the case with streptokinase and urokinase. In the present study coronary thrombolysis, confirmed angiographically, was induced within 19 to 50 minutes with intravenous or intracoronary tissue-type plasminogen activator in six of seven patients with evolving myocardial infarction. Circulating fibrinogen, plasminogen, and alpha 2-antiplasmin were not depleted by this agent, in contrast to the case in the two patients subsequently given streptokinase. In the one patient in whom lysis was not inducible with tissue type plasminogen activator, it was also not inducible with streptokinase. These observations indicate that clot-selective coronary thrombolysis can be induced in patients with evolving myocardial infarction by means of tissue-type plasminogen activator, without concomitant induction of a systemic lytic state. Definition of its therapeutic benefit must await greater availability of the agent and the performance of appropriate clinical trials. PMID- 6537988 TI - Relation of serum vitamins A and E and carotenoids to the risk of cancer. AB - Epidemiologic studies suggest that low carotene intake and low levels of serum retinol may be associated with an increased risk of cancer. Likewise, in some animal studies vitamin E has been associated with a reduced rate of induced cancers. Therefore, we measured retinol, retinol-binding protein, vitamin E (alpha-tocopherol), and total carotenoids in serum collected in 1973 from 111 participants in the Hypertension Detection and Follow-up Program who were free of cancer at the time but were diagnosed as having cancer during the subsequent five years. These measurements were compared with those in 210 controls who were matched for age, sex, race, and time of blood collection, and who remained free of cancer. Mean values for retinol were similar for cases and controls (67.3 and 68.7 micrograms per deciliter, respectively [95 per cent confidence limits for case-control difference, -6.7 to 3.5]). Values were also similar for retinol binding protein (6.01 and 5.94 mg per deciliter [-0.42 to 0.56]), and carotenoids (114.5 and 111.6 micrograms per deciliter [-9.1 to 15.9]). The mean base-line retinol level in the 18 subjects with subsequent lung cancer was higher than that in their matched controls (79.0 vs. 71.4 micrograms per deciliter, -4.9 to 19.7). Serum vitamin E levels were somewhat lower in subjects who later had cancer than in controls (1.16 and 1.26 mg per deciliter, -0.22 to 0.02), in part because of the confounding effect of serum cholesterol levels (when adjusted for lipid levels, the case-control difference was -0.05 mg per deciliter; -0.17 to 0.07). These data do not support hypotheses relating intake or serum levels of antioxidant vitamins to a reduced cancer risk. PMID- 6537989 TI - Serum levels of sex hormones in vulvar lichen sclerosus, and the effect of topical testosterone. AB - Lichen sclerosus is a chronic cutaneous disorder of unknown cause that most commonly occurs on the vulva in postmenopausal women. Earlier investigations suggested that the affected tissue is reversibly atrophic and that it has normal metabolic potential. The present study was designed to determine whether levels of sex steroid hormones in serum are altered in this disease and how they are affected by topical testosterone, a recognized form of therapy. As compared with normal values for age, serum levels of dihydrotestosterone, free testosterone, and androstenedione were significantly decreased in patients with untreated vulvar lichen sclerosus. Dihydrotestosterone and testosterone levels rose and exceeded normal values after therapy. These results suggest that abnormal enzymatic activity (5 alpha-reductase) may be responsible for this disease and indicate a need for similar studies of the disorder in other locations. PMID- 6537990 TI - Reversible shape change of Triton-treated erythrocyte ghosts induced by Ca2+ and Mg-ATP. AB - The shape of the human erythrocyte depends on intracellular ATP content and echinocytic erythrocyte ghosts obtained in the presence of Mg-ATP acquire a diskocytic shape after incubation at 37 degrees C; however, agreement is lacking about the molecular basis of the shape changes. The suggestion that phosphorylation of cytoskeletal structures underlying the membrane is involved has been disputed and alternative explanations based on lipid bilayer theory and metabolism of phospholipid have been proposed. Recently, we re-examined the effect of ATP on the shape of ghosts and found that it consists of two distinct steps. We have, therefore, now examined the effect of physiological concentrations of Ca2+ and ATP on the cytoskeleton of the erythrocyte membrane directly using Triton-treated ghosts which had lost this permeability barrier. Our findings suggest that a noncovalent effect of ATP on the cytoskeleton is a prerequisite for shape change. PMID- 6537991 TI - Three-dimensional reconstruction from tilted sections of fish muscle M-band. AB - Fish muscle provides a particularly suitable specimen for studying the organization of thick filaments in vertebrate striated muscle because the filaments are arranged with a single orientation on a well ordered hexagonal lattice. The M-band consists of sets of cross-links, which join the myosin filaments in the middle of the A-band. Previous work concluded that the fish muscle M-band had the local symmetry of the dihedral point group 32. We present here a quantitative analysis of transverse sections of the M-band, using general methods developed for crystalline layers, to combine various tilted views. The three-dimensional map computed to a resolution of about 70 A confirms previous findings; it shows new features of the thick filament structure in the M-band region and provides new information on the use of three-dimensional reconstruction from sectioned biological material. The accompanying paper describes a novel technique of three-dimensional reconstruction of the fish M band from a single view of a slightly oblique plastic section. PMID- 6537992 TI - Three-dimensional reconstruction from a single oblique section of fish muscle M band. AB - A new method of three-dimensional image reconstruction from electron micrographs is presented here, which enables a three-dimensional image to be produced from a single oblique section of a two- or three-dimensional crystal. The method, which is most powerful when the section is thin and the angle of obliquity small, has several potential advantages over the conventional method of reconstruction using tilted views of the section. In particular the accumulated electron dose on the specimen is much smaller and the reconstruction is not affected by changes in the thickness of the section during exposure to the electron beam. The method involves the solution of a generally almost singular set of linear projection equations, relating through the sectioning geometry the three-dimensional crystal density to the two-dimensional projected image density. This can be achieved most conveniently by linear least squares filtering. An application of the method to determine the structure of the M-band of fish muscle is described. The resulting map agrees well with that produced by the more conventional approach involving tilted views. PMID- 6537993 TI - Induction of human vascular endothelial stress fibres by fluid shear stress. AB - Endothelial cells of the arterial vascular system and the heart contain straight actin filament bundles, of which there are few, if any, in the venous endothelium. Since stress fibre-containing endothelial cells within the vascular system tend to be located at sites exposed to particularly high shear stress of blood flow, we have investigated, in an experimental rheological system (Fig. 1), the response of the endothelial actin filament skeleton to controlled levels of fluid shear stress. Here we report that endothelial stress fibres can be induced by a 3-h exposure of confluent monolayer cultures of human vascular endothelium to a fluid shear stress of 2 dynes cm-2, approximately the stress occurring in human arteries in vivo. Fourfold lower levels of shear stress that normally occur only in veins, had no significant effect on the endothelial actin filament system. The formation of endothelial stress fibres in response to critical levels of fluid shear stress is probably a functionally important mechanism that protects the endothelium from hydrodynamic injury and detachment. PMID- 6537994 TI - Nebraska survey--stillborn 1980. PMID- 6537995 TI - Relationship between vitamin A and bone disease in chronic renal failure. AB - A study has been made of possible interrelationships between circulating vitamin A concentration and indicators of altered calcium homeostasis in 31 patients with stable chronic renal failure. Plasma retinol concentrations were high, possibly as a result of increased retinol-binding-protein concentrations secondary to renal failure. There was no correlation between retinol concentration and any other measurement, including vitamin A intake. However, there were significant correlations between plasma parathyroid hormone and calcium, phosphate, alkaline phosphatase, urea, and creatinine concentrations; and those patients with radiological sub-periosteal erosions tended to have the highest concentrations of circulating parathyroid hormone. Our data give no support to the contention that vitamin A status has any bearing on the progression and severity of the hyperparathyroid bone disease of renal failure. PMID- 6537996 TI - Hypothalamic regulation of mating-induced prolactin release. Effect of electrical stimulation of the medial preoptic area in conscious female rats. AB - Lesions of the medial preoptic area (MPOA) induce nocturnal prolactin surges similar to those initiated by cervical stimulation (CS). These same lesions can abolish diurnal prolactin surges previously initiated by CS. Based on these results the MPOA has been suggested to contain two functionally dissimilar sets of neurons, one inhibitory for the nocturnal surge and the other stimulatory for the diurnal surge. The present study sought to demonstrate the existence of these neural elements by electrically stimulating the MPOA of conscious ovariectomized female rats during those times of day when these neurons would be most active. Serial blood samples were collected via cannula before, during and after the stimulation. Stimulation of the MPOA (01.00-05.00 h) on day 2 after CS inhibited the nocturnal surge of prolactin while sham MPOA stimulation of CS females did not disturb the nocturnal surge. MPOA stimulation in non-CS females had no effect upon prolactin secretion. Application of MPOA stimulation (15.00-19.00 h) to CS females also suppressed the diurnal surge of prolactin. Sham-stimulated CS females, however, secreted a diurnal surge peaking at 17.00 h. Basal prolactin levels were unaffected by MPOA stimulation (15.00-19.00 h) in non-CS females. The results from these experiments suggest that the MPOA contains neurons inhibitory for both the nocturnal and diurnal prolactin surges. In a further attempt to show a stimulatory role for the MPOA in prolactin regulation, MPOA stimulation was applied (15.00-19.00 h) to pentobarbital anesthetized non-CS females. Pentobarbital treatment allowed the MPOA stimulation to trigger two prolactin peaks, one at 16.00 h and the other at 19.00 h.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6537997 TI - Elevated corticosterone levels. A possible cause of reduced axon sprouting in aged animals. AB - Measurements of serum corticosterone taken at three times in the diurnal cycle (08.00, 18.00, and 23.30 h) showed that aged male Sprague-Dawley rats have higher nonstressed circulating levels at two time points measured. To determine if such elevated levels of steroids were sufficient to interfere with lesion-induced sprouting, the corticosterone peak at 18.00 h of either aged or young adult animals was maintained in young adrenalectomized rats by use of subcutaneous corticosterone pellets. The normal young adult animal levels resulted in mild suppression of the adrenergic sprouting response seen in hippocampus following transection of the fimbria-fornix. Young animals maintained at the elevated corticosterone levels of normal senescent rats had marked suppression of sprouting. The levels of circulating glucocorticoids reached by aged rats are sufficient to retard sprouting, and may therefore interfere with synaptic turnover and the response of the senescent brain to damage. PMID- 6537998 TI - Anterior pituitary dopamine receptors during the rat estrous cycle. A detailed analysis of proestrus changes. AB - The binding of [3H]-spiperone to partially purified rat anterior pituitary plasma membranes was quantified throughout the estrous cycle in relation with the serum prolactin (PRL) levels. Receptor affinity remained unchanged throughout the cycle (Kd:0.08-0.16 nM). The number of receptors was constantly high from diestrus I 10.30 h to proestrus 10.30 h, as long as serum PRL remained low. Between 10.30 and 17.30 h on proestrus, there was a rapid and marked decrease in receptor numbers (Bmax, from 180 +/- 50 to 48 +/- 10 fmol/mg protein: means +/- SEM of three independent determinations), which coincided with the preovulatory PRL surge. Subsequently, [3H]-spiperone binding gradually increased (from 48 +/- 10 to 110 +/- 21 fmol/mg protein, at 21.30 h), while PRL returned to basal levels. On the afternoon of estrus, the number of dopamine receptors was also negatively correlated with the increase in serum PRL. These results show that, while receptor affinity is constant, the number of dopamine binding sites changes significantly and rapidly on the afternoon of proestrus. A rapid decrease in receptor content is temporally correlated with the onset of the preovulatory PRL surge. Therefore, the number of [3H]-spiperone binding sites may be regulated during the estrous cycle. In addition, the proestrus decrease in the number of these receptors might be a decisive component in the initiation or maintenance of the preovulatory PRL surge in the rat. PMID- 6537999 TI - Quantitative determination of plasma fibrinolytic activity in patients with ruptured intracranial aneurysms who are receiving epsilon-aminocaproic acid: relationship of possible complications of therapy to the degree of fibrinolytic inhibition. AB - Fifty-two patients were each given a constant infusion of 1.5 g of epsilon aminocaproic acid (EACA) per hour after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) from an intracranial aneurysm. Each patient's available plasminogen activity (APA), a measure of plasma fibrinolytic activity, was determined by fluorometric assay before and during EACA treatment. Five categories of potential EACA complications were identified: rebleeding, cerebral vasospasm, hydrocephalus, thrombosis, and miscellaneous (bleeding time prolongation, thrombocytopenia). The APA of the 37 patients with complications was significantly higher than that of the 15 without complications. Four patients suffered rebleeding episodes and had significantly higher APA levels during EACA therapy when compared to all other patients, i.e., those with and without other complications. Patients with vasospasm, hydrocephalus, and thrombotic complications also had significantly higher APA levels during EACA therapy compared to patients without complications. The latter may be simply a reflection of the activation of fibrinolytic activity that occurs after SAH. It is apparent from these studies that, after the initiation of EACA treatment, a maximal steady state inhibition of fibrinolytic activity is not achieved for 2 days and, after the cessation of EACA therapy, normal fibrinolytic activity is not restored for a period of 3 to 4 days. In addition, patients with thrombotic events may show persistently low serum plasminogen activity after discontinuance of EACA therapy, probably due to continuing thrombosis and consumption of plasminogen. These results indicate that patients with recurrent preoperative aneurysmal hemorrhage while on EACA therapy may have inadequate fibrinolytic inactivation, and this may be an important factor contributing to rebleeding episodes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6538000 TI - Nonspecificity of ring enhancement in "medically cured" brain abscess. AB - Since the introduction of computed tomography (CT), there have been numerous reports of brain abscess treated successfully without surgery. Because pathologic confirmation was lacking in these patients, diagnosis was based on CT abnormalities, usually ring enhancement. However, our recent clinical experience and the experimental work of others indicate that the "ring sign" on contrast enhanced CT is not absolutely diagnostic of encapsulated brain abscess. Moreover, in the reported cases of alleged brain abscess cured medically, atypical clinical features suggest that some patients may have had cerebral infarction or cerebritis. Stricter clinical and radiologic criteria are needed before concluding that encapsulated brain abscess can be cured by medical therapy alone. PMID- 6538001 TI - Orofacial fine motor control impairments in congenital spasticity: evidence against hypertonus-related performance deficits. AB - Motor impairments in the fine force control of lips, tongue, and jaw were measured in subjects with congenital spasticity. Because these orofacial motor systems are not uniformly endowed with muscle spindles and monosynaptic reflexes, quantification of these motor impairments addresses the question of whether stretch reflex hypertonus is a positive or negative sign. The results indicated that hyperactive muscle spindle-based monosynaptic reflexes are not a causal factor in these voluntary orofacial motor impairments. These data also indicated that motor impairments were disproportionately greater at finer levels of isometric force control. These fine control measures appear useful as a quantitative index of general voluntary motor deficit. PMID- 6538002 TI - Systemic carnitine deficiency: clinical, biochemical, and morphological cure with L-carnitine. AB - A 20-year-old woman had systemic carnitine deficiency. Biochemical studies of cultured fibroblasts, skeletal muscle mitochondria, and fluids showed no evidence of other disease that might deplete tissue carnitine stores. Carnitine supplementation produced a dramatic improvement in her clinical condition: she gained weight and strength and recovered brain function, which had deteriorated slightly after repeated episodes of encephalopathy. Lipid droplets disappeared from skeletal muscle and plasma, and muscle carnitine content rose from low to normal values. On treatment, she excreted less carnitine than controls. This form of systemic carnitine deficiency may be due to defective carnitine biosynthesis. PMID- 6538003 TI - Adrenoleukodystrophy: very long-chain fatty acid metabolism in fibroblasts. AB - We studied very long-chain fatty acid (VLFA) metabolism in cultured fibroblasts from patients with adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD). Total hexacosanoate (C26:0) content of ALD fibroblasts was sixfold higher than normal and did not return to normal when cells were grown in lipid-free medium. When normal or ALD fibroblasts were grown in medium containing 10% ALD serum (which is enriched in C26:0), there was no further increase in C26:0 content compared with cells grown in 10% normal human serum. Uptake and loss of 1-14C-palmitate (C16:0) and 1-14C-lignocerate (C24:0) by ALD fibroblasts were similar to normal fibroblasts. Catabolism of exogenous 3H-C26:0 to 3H2O was about 30% of normal. Oxidation of exogenous 1-14C hexacosanoate, 1-14C-lignocerate, and 1-14C-palmitate in intact ALD fibroblasts was 42%, 27 +/- 13% (SD), and 73 +/- 47%, respectively, of normal. These results are consistent with, but do not conclusively prove, a VLFA oxidation defect in ALD fibroblasts. PMID- 6538004 TI - Myasthenia gravis: prolonged treatment with steroids. AB - We have evaluated chronic corticosteroid treatment in 60 myasthenic patients; 92% were followed for more than 3 years and 82% longer than 4 years. Improvement was noted in 72% of the patients. The best results were seen in those whose symptoms started after the age of 40 years. There was a correlation between the starting dose of prednisone and the rate of improvement. Complete withdrawal of steroids was possible only for 3 patients. PMID- 6538005 TI - Epidemiology of febrile and afebrile convulsions in children in Japan. AB - Prevalence rates in all 3-year-old children in Fuchu/Tokyo, for a 6-year survey from 1974 to 1980 (total number examined, 17,044), were 8.3% for febrile convulsion and 0.9% for afebrile convulsion. The figures in boys were higher than in girls for febrile convulsion (9.0%:7.5%), but for afebrile convulsion (0.9%:0.9%). Prevalence in a Miyake Island survey for 10 years, from 1973 to 1982 (total number examined, 543) was 9.9% for febrile and 0.4% for afebrile convulsion. Correlations among prevalence of febrile convulsion, epilepsy, and epileptic EEG abnormality in healthy children were inconsistent in geographically isolated villages identified in Miyake Island. PMID- 6538006 TI - Biochemical and clinical effects of gamma-vinyl GABA in patients with epilepsy. AB - In a pilot single-blind study, gamma-vinyl GABA, an enzyme-activated irreversible inhibitor of GABA-transaminase (GABA-T), was administered orally to 10 epileptic patients who were refractory to conventional anticonvulsant therapy. Daily doses of 1 g and 2 g for 2 weeks each as add-on therapy were followed by 2 weeks of placebo treatment. CSF obtained from suboccipital and lumbar punctures demonstrated dose-related increases in concentrations of free and total GABA and homocarnosine with treatment, but no changes in 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid or homovanillic acid levels, indicating effective and selective CNS GABA-T inhibition. These biochemical changes were associated with decreased seizure frequency in seven patients, decreased seizure severity in one, no change in one, and possible worsening in one. gamma-Vinyl GABA may be useful in the therapy of epilepsy. PMID- 6538007 TI - The legacy of association cortex. AB - The concept of association cortex emerged from the tradition of an associationist view of human mentation and a localizationist view of cortical organization. Efforts to understand the function of association cortex proceeded under the influence of these philosophic foundations. An alternative to the associationist interpretation is that these parts of cerebral cortex are utilized by different functional systems at different times. This notion is compatible with the distributed systems theory of cortical function and has implications for the neurologist's approach to lesions of cerebral neocortex. PMID- 6538008 TI - L-dopa decarboxylation in chronically treated patients. AB - We measured decarboxylation of oral L-dopa in patients chronically treated with L dopa, and in untreated controls. Chronic L-dopa and carbidopa administration did not affect the extent of whole-body decarboxylation, and it is therefore unlikely that on-off fluctuations are related to chronic changes in the activity of L aromatic amino acid decarboxylase. The observed duration of action and dose response properties of carbidopa suggested that current empirically based dose schedules are optimal and supported the concept that decarboxylase inhibitors enhance the clinical effect of L-dopa largely by reducing the extent of first pass metabolism rather than through an action on the decarboxylase enzyme in cerebral capillaries. PMID- 6538009 TI - Pergolide therapy for Parkinson's disease: neurobehavioral changes. AB - Pergolide mesylate, a long-acting dopamine agonist, is effective in treating Parkinson's disease. Behavioral change is said to be one adverse effect. We therefore studied 19 parkinsonian patients with neuropsychological tests before and after initiating pergolide therapy. Intellectual and behavioral changes were also monitored clinically for up to 2 years. There was no decline in performance on the neuropsychological tests. Six patients had transient psychiatric or intellectual changes that were controlled by reducing drug dosage. These changes were similar to those seen with other dopamine agonists. PMID- 6538010 TI - Hemiballism and metastatic brain tumor. AB - We describe a 78-year-old man with right hemiballism as the presenting symptom of a metastatic occult adenocarcinoma of the lung. CT demonstrated two contrast enhancing lesions: one in the left subthalamic region and the other in the left parietal region. Metastatic tumor was confirmed at autopsy. PMID- 6538011 TI - Effect of specific antibodies on acetylcholine receptor turnover: increased degradation controls low density of cell surface receptor. AB - BC3H-1 cells express surface nicotinic receptors. We treated these cells with pooled serum from myasthenic patients. After 5 hours, the number of surface receptors decreased to one-half of baseline and remained at this low level for at least 72 hours. The rate of receptor degradation was increased by myasthenic serum, but the synthesis of new receptors was unaffected. The regulation of the number of surface nicotinic receptors is thus mediated by an accelerated internalization of the receptor. PMID- 6538012 TI - The droopy shoulder syndrome. AB - We found that patients with thoracic outlet syndrome have: (1) low-set, "droopy" shoulders and long swan neck; (2) pain in the neck, shoulder, chest, arms, or hands; (3) aggravation of symptoms by downward traction and relief by propping up the arms; (4) occurrence in women; (5) absence of abnormal vascular, neurologic, and electrical findings; (6) a Tinel's sign over the brachial plexus; and (7) T-2 vertebra visible above the shoulders on lateral cervical spine films. In our experience, droopy shoulder syndrome has accounted for most cases of thoracic outlet syndrome but is largely unrecognized by physicians. Recognition of this syndrome should lead to a better understanding of the underlying pathophysiology and prevent unnecessary surgery. PMID- 6538013 TI - Effect of alcohol on tremors: comparison with propranolol. AB - Intravenous administration of alcohol decreased postural essential tremor but not parkinsonian resting or cerebellar intention tremor. The response to alcohol infusion occurred in all 15 patients studied, whereas only 11 of the 15 had a response to propranolol therapy. Furthermore, the response to ethanol was greater than that due to propranolol. PMID- 6538015 TI - Combined use of benserazide and carbidopa in Parkinson's disease. AB - The pharmacokinetics of levodopa differs when it is combined with benserazide or carbidopa. Peak dopa levels are higher, occur sooner, but decline more rapidly with benserazide. Although many patients respond better to one drug than the other, we sought to exploit the differences in pharmacokinetics by giving both drugs to the same patient. Benserazide was combined with carbidopa in 38 patients who were experiencing a diminished response to carbidopa, including 22 patients with diurnal oscillations in performance, "wearing off" or on-off phenomena. Previous attempts to change the dose, sequence, or ratio of levodopa to carbidopa in these patients had been unrewarding. Ten of the patients improved on the combination of benserazide and carbidopa, with a 30% decline in disability. The mean dose of levodopa:carbidopa before benserazide was 910:100 (9 to 1 ratio); the mean dose of levodopa:benserazide was 355:90 (4 to 1 ratio). The mean dose of levodopa:carbidopa + benserazide was 925:155 (6 to 1 ratio). The combination of carbidopa with benserazide is useful in some parkinsonian patients. PMID- 6538014 TI - Long-term treatment with pergolide: decreased efficacy with time. AB - We studied the effect of pergolide (combined with levodopa) in 17 patients with Parkinson's disease, including 15 with "wearing off" or on-off phenomena, who had been taking pergolide for at least 2 years. Mean duration of the study was 27.8 months. All 17 patients improved initially, but the improvement later faded. Mean disability score, which decreased initially by 60% (significant), was decreased only by 20% after 2 years (not significant). Wearing off and on-off phenomena, which improved initially, became prominent again. Four patients lost all the improvement, nine patients lost much of the improvement, and four maintained much of the improvement. Mean dose of pergolide was 2.2 mg (range, 0.8 to 5.0 mg). PMID- 6538016 TI - CT abnormalities and altered methotrexate clearance in children with CNS leukemia. AB - Seventeen children with CNS leukemia treated with chemotherapy and 5 children treated with both cranial radiation (CRT) and chemotherapy were evaluated. Eighty eight percent of patients treated with chemotherapy alone had CT abnormalities, and all treated with CRT and chemotherapy had abnormal CT. The severity of CT abnormality paralleled intraventricular methotrexate levels and clinical signs of leukoencephalopathy. Children who receive chemotherapy for CNS leukemia, even without cranial irradiation, are more likely to have leukoencephalopathy than children without CNS leukemia. Moreover, patients with CNS leukemia may have abnormalities of CSF clearance of intraventricularly administered drugs. PMID- 6538017 TI - Exercise-induced weakness in paramyotonia congenita: exacerbation with thyrotoxicosis. AB - Weakness after exercise is not a commonly recognized major symptom of paramyotonia congenita. A patient with classic paramyotonia congenita developed thyrotoxicosis and severe weakness after exercise. This symptom resolved after the thyrotoxicosis was treated. PMID- 6538018 TI - Prolonged metoclopramide-induced dyskinetic reaction. AB - Metoclopramide is an effective non-phenothiazine antiemetic that acts, in part, by blockade of the dopamine receptors. The extrapyramidal complications of metoclopramide are similar to those of the phenothiazines. A patient is reported who developed a metoclopramide-induced acute dystonic reaction lasting 53 days. Acute and chronic treatment with anticholinergic drugs suppressed but did not eliminate the adventitious movements. The features of acute dystonic reactions secondary to metoclopramide therapy are reviewed. PMID- 6538019 TI - HLA antigens in Guillain-Barre syndrome. AB - We compared Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS) cases reported from cities in the United States in 1976-1977 with spouse or associate controls to detect possible HLA associations. HLA-A11 was somewhat less common among 92 cases than among 100 controls (p = 0.04). The 38 patients and 42 controls vaccinated against A/NJ/76 differed slightly in overall distribution of B locus antigens (p = 0.06), but the individual HLA-B antigen associations were more easily explained by chance. The 54 unvaccinated cases showed no apparent relation to HLA type. These findings should encourage further immunogenetic study of etiologically related GBS cases. PMID- 6538020 TI - Shortening reaction of human tibialis anterior. AB - The shortening reaction of tibialis anterior was observed in 6 of 25 normal subjects, in 6 of 40 patients with upper motor neuron syndromes, and in 11 of 17 patients with Parkinson's disease. The latency of the shortening reaction was comparable with that of the latter part of the long-latency stretch reflexes. The magnitude of the shortening reaction increased with the velocity of the movement that produced it and increased with background voluntary force of plantar flexion in all but the patients with Parkinson's disease. It was not affected by vibration in the patients with Parkinson's disease. The presence of the shortening reaction was not correlated with the clinical impression of increased tone. PMID- 6538022 TI - Galloping tongue: post-traumatic, episodic, rhythmic movements. AB - Two patients experienced delayed onset of episodic, rhythmic, involuntary movements of the tongue after head and neck trauma. These three-per-second waves began as posterior midline focal tongue contractions, lasted about 10 seconds in each episode, persisted for 2 to 4 months, and were not accompanied by other body movements or by EEG abnormality. PMID- 6538021 TI - Fatal hyperpyrexia after withdrawal of levodopa. AB - We studied a patient affected with idiopathic Parkinson's disease and levodopa induced dyskinesias. Fatal hyperpyrexia followed simultaneous levodopa withdrawal and a decrease in the dosage of diphenhydramine. The clinical features were those of the neuroleptic malignant syndrome. The rapid decrease in dopaminergic activity may have been important in causing the syndrome. PMID- 6538023 TI - High CSF lactate and pyruvate content in Kearns-Sayre syndrome. AB - We studied lactate and pyruvate concentrations in CSF and blood of a patient with Kearns-Sayre syndrome (KSS), 3 patients with ocular myopathy and 11 normal control subjects. We found significant elevation of lactate and pyruvate in the CSF of the patient with KSS, suggesting a disorder of CNS lactate-pyruvate metabolism. PMID- 6538024 TI - Changes in plasma catecholamines after tonic-clonic seizures. AB - Concentrations of circulating catecholamines increase after induced seizures in animals and electroconvulsive therapy in humans. We measured plasma epinephrine and norepinephrine concentrations after a single spontaneous tonic-clonic convulsion in 17 patients to determine whether similar changes occur and to determine their magnitude. Plasma epinephrine and norepinephrine rose sharply within 30 minutes of the seizure and then declined rapidly. The norepinephrine response was attributed to generalized sympathetic neural activation and was sufficient to exert a direct vasoconstrictor effect. The epinephrine response was presumably due to adrenal activation and was large-enough to have cardiovascular or metabolic consequences. PMID- 6538025 TI - Pergolide versus bromocriptine. PMID- 6538027 TI - Fatal peripheral neurolymphomatosis. PMID- 6538026 TI - Bilateral internuclear ophthalmoplegia from doxepin overdose. PMID- 6538028 TI - Phenothiazine-induced dystonias. PMID- 6538029 TI - Subcortical neglect. PMID- 6538030 TI - Overuse of evoked potentials. PMID- 6538031 TI - Motor function of basal ganglia. PMID- 6538033 TI - NMR reduces need for autopsies. PMID- 6538032 TI - Epileptics refractory to anticonvulsants. PMID- 6538034 TI - A field study with the Optacon. PMID- 6538035 TI - Dopamine deficiency in Parkinson's disease. PMID- 6538036 TI - Maternal seizure disorders. PMID- 6538037 TI - Cursive and cursing epilepsy. PMID- 6538038 TI - [Breast feeding and contraception. The effect of low-dose oral contraceptives on the growth of the infant during breast feeding]. PMID- 6538039 TI - Reasons for the absence of a history of recurrent genital infections in mothers of neonates infected with herpes simplex virus. AB - Thirty-one cases of neonatal herpes simplex (HSV) infection were evaluated to determine how often mothers of infected infants lacked a history of recurrent genital infections and the reasons for its absence. A history of recurrent genital infections was elicited from eight (26%) of the mothers. Nine (29%) of the mothers had primary infections; three of these were oral and six were genital. The mother was not the source of infection in three (9.6%) cases. In eleven (35%) cases, the mother had antibody to HSV but did not have a history or findings of primary or recurrent infection. Two of these mothers had positive cervical or vaginal cultures, but neither had genital lesions typical of HSV in the perinatal period. Two mothers had recurrent HSV infections documented later. The source of the HSV infection remained uncertain in 23% of cases including two in which only the father had a history of recurrent genital infection. When mothers with primary infections in the perinatal period were excluded, the HSV neutralization titers of the mothers of infected infants were similar to the titers of the mothers with recurrent genital infections whose infants were not infected. In contrast, the infected infants had titers fourfold lower than their mother's titer as well as fourfold lower than the 16 infants exposed to HSV who remained uninfected. This discrepancy suggests that the mothers may have had a rise in titer late in pregnancy or that placental transport of antibody was limited. Although 26% of the mothers of infected infants had recurrent genital infections, only three (9.6%) had an easily elicitable history.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6538040 TI - When to consider the PE tube. PMID- 6538041 TI - Polycystic ovarian syndrome in identical twins. AB - Two 21-year-old female twins are described. They presented simultaneously with hirsutism and oligomenorrhoea. Investigation showed they had polycystic ovaries, they were identical and were not cases of post-pubertal adrenogenital syndrome. PMID- 6538042 TI - Failure of high dietary fat to influence serum prolactin levels during the estrous cycle in female Sprague-Dawley rats. AB - The influence of a 20% high-fat and a 4.5% control fat diet on circulating prolactin levels was determined during the estrous cycle of intact female rats, and during a progesterone-induced surge of prolactin in ovariectomized, estrogen primed rats. An indwelling right atrial cannula was implanted into each rat to facilitate repeated blood sampling in conscious, undisturbed animals. No differences in serum prolactin levels were observed at any time during the estrous cycle or in the progesterone-induced surge of prolactin in rats fed either the high-fat or control fat diet. There also were no differences in the estrous cycles of rats on high- or low-fat diets. It is concluded that high dietary fat promotes mammary tumor development by a mechanism that does not involve alterations in circulating prolactin levels or of estrous cycles. PMID- 6538043 TI - Simultaneous determination of N-acetyltransferase activity, hydroxyindole-O methyl-transferase activity, and melatonin content in the pineal gland of the Syrian hamster. AB - The activities of serotonin N-acetyltransferase (NAT) and hydroxyindole-O methyltransferase (HIOMT) and the melatonin content were measured in Syrian hamster pineal glands at 2-hr intervals over a period of 24 hr. NAT and HIOMT are the two enzymes which catalyze the formation of melatonin from serotonin. The use of micromethods for determination of the enzyme activities allowed concurrent measurement of NAT and melatonin or HIOMT and melatonin in the same gland. HIOMT activity showed no significant diurnal rhythm whereas NAT activity and melatonin content exhibited distinct peak values late in the dark phase as described previously. Despite an apparent parallelism between the NAT activity rhythm and melatonin content, no correlation exists between these parameters in single pineal glands. PMID- 6538044 TI - Hypodipsia, stereotypy and hyperactivity induced by beta-phenylethylamine in the water-deprived rat. AB - beta-Phenylethylamine (PEA) is an endogenous constituent of human, rat and other mammalian brain tissue. It is rapidly metabolised by type B monoamine oxidase, and there is evidence for specific binding sites for PEA in rat brain. In the first experiment, the effects of systemically-administered PEA (3.125-50.0 mg/kg) on water consumption in water deprived male rats were investigated. PEA produced a depression of drinking within the first 15 min following its administration, with a strong linear relation between drug dose and the degree of depression. In the following 45 min, there was evidence of a dose-related recovery in the drinking. In the second experiment, the effects of PEA on activity in water deprived rats were investigated. PEA at 12.5 m/kg produced behavioral stimulation, which was particularly evident in measures of total horizontal activity. At higher doses, 25.0 and 50.0 mg/kg, PEA induced a behavioral stereotypy syndrome, associated with a depression of horizontal and vertical activities. Relationships between the hypodipsic effect of PEA and its ability to produce psychomotor stimulation at a moderate dose level, and stereotypy at higher dose levels are considered. PMID- 6538046 TI - Apomorphine effects on behavioral response to ethanol in mice selectively bred for differential sensitivity to ethanol. AB - Two lines of mice selectively bred for differences in response to a hypnotic dose of ethanol were administered apomorphine alone or in combination with ethanol. When administered by itself, apomorphine produced similar dose-dependent depression of locomotor activity and increases in stereotypy in the two lines. Doses of apomorphine (0.5 microM/kg and 2 microM/kg) thought to bind only presynaptic dopamine receptors blocked the slight locomotor activation to 1.5 g/kg ethanol in the ethanol-sensitive Long-Sleep (LS) mice; in the ethanol insensitive Short-Sleep (SS) mice which show marked activation to all subhypnotic doses of ethanol, these doses of apomorphine only attenuated the activation. A higher apomorphine dose (8 microM/kg) antagonized the locomotor depressant effects of 2.0 and 2.5 g/kg of ethanol in LS mice but did not alter the shape of the SS ethanol dose response curve for locomotor activity. Apomorphine (2 and 8 microM/kg) potentiated ethanol-induced loss of the righting reflex in LS mice in a dose dependent fashion, but did not alter this soporific effect of ethanol in SS mice. These findings extend the data base suggesting a role for dopamine both in the mechanism(s) differentiating the LS and SS mice and the stimulant and intoxicating properties of ethanol. PMID- 6538045 TI - Effects of chlordiazepoxide on food anticipation, drinking and other behaviors in food-deprived and satiated rats. AB - Two groups of rats, Deprived and Satiated, were presented with food according to a fixed time 60-sec schedule. They were then injected with saline, 5, 10, and 15 mg/kg of chlordiazepoxide hydrochloride according to a Latin square design. During saline administration time spent visiting the food tray, time spent drinking, number of tray entries and the amount of water ingested were always greater in the Deprived than in the Satiated group; whereas the opposite was true for grooming. As chlordiazepoxide dose increased time spent visiting the food tray increased in both groups, but the effect was bigger in the Satiated than in the Deprived group. Drinking was not affected by the drug. Grooming and sniffing rearing were reduced as the dose increased. PMID- 6538048 TI - Persistence of thermotolerance in slowly proliferating plateau-phase cells. AB - Thermotolerance decay rates were determined under rapidly proliferating exponential growth conditions and under high-cell-density plateau-phase growth conditions. Thermotolerance was induced by a marginally toxic initial heat treatment of 10 min at 44 degrees C in Chinese hamster ovary cells. Second dose response curves were obtained at 24-hr intervals for up to 96 hr after the initial heat treatment. Resistance to second heat treatment had disappeared by 72 hr after the initial heat treatment in proliferating cells, but was evident in plateau-phase cells at 96 hr. Regardless of the proliferative status, thermotolerance decayed in an exponential manner. The half-times of tolerance decay were approximately 13 hr in proliferating cells and 30 hr in plateau-phase cells. PMID- 6538047 TI - Detection of a reactive metabolite of misonidazole in hypoxic mammalian cells. AB - A misonidazole metabolite capable of reacting with guanosine has been detected in extracts of Chinese hamster ovary cells exposed to misonidazole under hypoxic conditions. A misonidazole metabolite with identical chromatographic properties and reactivity with guanosine has been detected in earlier studies with misonidazole reduced to the hydroxylamine state by chemical, radiolytic, or electrolytic means. The proposed structure of the guanosine product involves the addition of a two-carbon fragment between the N1 and N2 positions of guanosine. Rearrangement of the N-hydroxy derivative of misonidazole to a C-hydroxy derivative is postulated as the initial step in the reaction scheme. PMID- 6538049 TI - Radiography in a secure isolation unit. PMID- 6538050 TI - Cardiac atria of BIO 14.6 hamsters are deficient in natriuretic factor. AB - The hearts of 220-day-old hamsters of the BIO 14.6 strain are deficient in atrial natriuretic factor; saline extracts of atria produce one-third the natriuretic and diuretic effects of extracts of atria from age-matched normal hamsters. BIO 14.6 hamsters are known to develop congestive heart failure with edema when they are about 200 days old, and the venous congestion and edema are preventable by parabiosis with normal hamsters. The humoral mediator, the deficiency of which causes venous congestion and edema in BIO 14.6 hamsters, may be atrial natriuretic factor. PMID- 6538051 TI - Pitfalls in the diagnosis of gestational choriocarcinoma. A case report. AB - Gestational choriocarcinoma frequently presents diagnostic difficulties as the first symptoms are often due to distant metastases, particularly to the lung. A case of choriocarcinoma is described; the main features were thyrotoxicosis and a solitary metastasis in the lung arising from a clinically normal uterus. It is emphasized that clinical evaluation of the uterus is unreliable in the diagnosis of choriocarcinoma, a disease which must always be suspected in females with atypical thyrotoxicosis. PMID- 6538052 TI - Primary carcinoma of male urethra. AB - Carcinoma of the male urethra is infrequent. To date approximately 600 cases have been reported. We reviewed 16 cases of carcinoma of the male urethra seen at the University of Tennessee and the Memphis Veterans Administration Hospital. The mean patient age was sixty-three years (range 38 to 84). The most common presentation was a palpable mass followed by symptoms of urinary obstruction. Five urethral carcinomas arose distal to the suspensory ligament of the penis while 11 were of bulbar or bulbomembranous origin. The histology was squamous cell carcinoma in 8 patients (50%), mixed squamous and transitional cell carcinoma in 5 (31%), transitional cell carcinoma in 2 (13%), and adenocarcinoma in 1 (6%). The mean patient survival was fifteen months following diagnosis of a proximal urethral tumor and seventy-seven months for tumors arising distally. Neoplasms of the distal urethra can be surgically managed successfully even if regional lymph nodes are involved. The prognosis for proximal urethra tumors remains poor and is best treated by a combination of surgery and radiotherapy. PMID- 6538053 TI - Female urethral syndrome: clinical and urodynamic perspectives. AB - Eighteen women with the urethral syndrome were studied urodynamically with synchronous video-pressure flow studies and electromyography of the external urethral sphincter (EUS). When compared with an age and sex matched control group, the most striking finding was a significantly higher than normal maximum urethral closure pressure. Abnormal and low urinary flow rates, instability of the intraurethral pressure at rest, incomplete funnelling of the bladder neck, and distal urethral narrowing during voiding constitute other typical urodynamic findings in the female urethral syndrome. Detrusor-striated sphincter dyssynergia or primary striated sphincter spasm was not observed. Even though striated EUS spasticity cannot be excluded as a cause of this syndrome in some patients, an autonomically mediated spasm of the smooth muscle sphincter seems plausible to explain both our urodynamic findings and a favorable response of 4 patients treated with alpha-blocking agents. PMID- 6538054 TI - A survey of helminths in stray cats from Copenhagen with ecological aspects. AB - At autopsy of 230 adult stray cats, 120 from backyards and 110 from gardens, the intestinal tract was scrutinized for helminths. The prevalence of Toxocara cati, Taenia taeniaeformis and Dipylidium caninum was found to be 79%, 11% and 14%, respectively. Comparisons were made with the results of previous Danish investigations. The prevalence of Toxocara cati was found to be independent of time of collection and the sex and habitat of the cats and identical in cats with or without Taenia. This indicates that paratenic hosts do not play an important epizootiological role in the transmission of T. cati. The intensity of Toxocara per cat followed a negative binomial pattern. The high prevalence of T. cati combined with most cats having a low wormload shows that the cat population generally possesses a high degree of resistance against superimposed infections. The intensity of male Toxocara increases with the size of the worm population. This we consider to be an expression of increasing susceptibility of the cats. The prevalence of T. taeniaeformis was significantly higher in garden cats, due to their greater opportunity for catching mice. D. caninum, however, was significantly more frequent in backyard cats, probably owing to better living condition for the flea larvae in backyards. For both T. taeniaeformis and D. caninum a higher frequency was found in female cats, which is thought to be associated with their care for the kittens. PMID- 6538055 TI - Absence of diurnal plasma prolactin rhythm in diabetic and non-diabetic uraemic patients. AB - The 24 h profile of plasma Prl was studied in 6 non-diabetic uraemic and 5 type I diabetic uraemic patients, the latter brought into a near-normal metabolic and carbohydrate control using an artificial pancreas. Nyctohemeral variation were absent in all 11 subjects (day plasma Prl vs night-levels: 10.1 +/- 1.6 ng/ml vs 9.5 +/- 1.5 ng/ml, P = 0.09), even in those patients who had a basal Prl within normal limits. Sleep-induced Prl secretion did not re-appear in 5 patients re studied after several weeks on chronic dialysis treatment (day vs night-levels: 8.9 +/- 1.5 ng/ml vs 9.9 +/- 1.5 ng/ml, P greater than 0.10). The absence of night surge was in contradistinction to the Prl profiles observed in 6 healthy subjects (day vs night levels: 6.4 +/- 0.9 ng/ml vs 11.3 +/- 1.3 ng/ml, P less than 0.002) and in 2 type I diabetics with normal kidney function who, as expected, all exhibited a normal circadian Prl rhythm. Brief, episodic Prl secretion during daytime was, however, observed in all the uraemics. The study provides further evidence for a profound dysfunction of the central nervous system in uraemia. The exact mechanism remains unknown. PMID- 6538057 TI - The biological role of fibrinolysis. PMID- 6538056 TI - Alzheimer paired helical filaments: bulk isolation, solubility, and protein composition. AB - A method has been developed for the bulk isolation of Alzheimer neurofibrillary tangles (ANT) of paired helical filaments (PHF) from histopathologically confirmed cases of Alzheimer disease/senile dementia of the Alzheimer type (AD/SDAT). The fresh or frozen autopsied cerebral cortex affected with Alzheimer neurofibrillary changes is dissociated by homogenization and sieving through nylon bolting cloth and the ANT are separated by a combination of sucrose discontinuous density gradient centrifugation, glass bead column chromatography, and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) treatment. The isolated ANT produce red-green birefringence when viewed through polarized light after staining with Congo red. Ultrastructurally, the isolated PHF are well preserved and have the dimensions of the PHF seen in situ. Two major Populations of ANT which exist in different proportions in AD/SDAT brains are identified on the basis of their solubility in SDS. The ANT I and the ANT II are soluble and insoluble respectively on treatment with 2% SDS at room temperature for 5 min. Solubilization of the ANT II requires several repeated extractions with a solution containing 10% each of SDS and beta mercaptoethanol (BME) at 100 degrees C for 10 min. Sonication of the ANT II greatly facilitates their solubilization. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) of the isolated ANT reveals the presence of two major polypeptides with molecular weights (MW) of 62,000 and 57,000, several minor polypeptides with MW below 57,000, and a significant amount of material not entering the stacking and the resolving gels. Re-electrophoresis of polypeptides extracted from various areas of the resolving gel or of the material which does not enter the gel generates the same polypeptide profile as on the first gel, suggesting that the PHF material which does not enter the gel may result from the reaggregation of the polypeptides that enter the resolving gel. None of the polypeptides that enter the resolving gel. None of the polpeptides observed in the isolated PHF comigrate in the SDS-PAGE with any of the neurofilament polypeptides, tubulin, actin, or myosin. PMID- 6538058 TI - Fibrinolytic vessel wall activator in arterial thrombosis. PMID- 6538059 TI - Impairment of fibrinolysis and vascular disease. PMID- 6538060 TI - Parkinson's disease in twins. PMID- 6538061 TI - Clinical characteristics of left ventricular pressure decline during isovolumic relaxation in normal and diseased hearts. AB - To compare two expressions of the time constant for ventricular relaxation, 39 patients with various heart diseases (six normal, six angina pectoris [AP], 13 myocardial infarction [MI], eight hypertrophic cardiomyopathy [HCM], and six congestive cardiomyopathy [CCM]) were studied. One time constant was obtained by the method of Weiss et al. (T1) and the other was the ratio of left ventricular pressure at peak (-) dP/dt (Pm) to peak (-) dP/dt (T2). The deviation of T2 from T1 was expressed as 100 X (T2 - T1)/T1 (delta %). In normal subjects, T1 was nearly equal to T2 (32 +/- 3 and 32 +/- 6 msec, respectively), resulting in a low value of delta (-1 +/- 9). However, delta values in AP (20 +/- 23, p less than 0.05), MI (24 +/- 26, p less than 0.05), HCM (37 +/- 21, p less than 0.001), and CCM (46 +/- 24, p less than 0.001) were significantly higher than in normal subjects. Thus T1, T2, or delta separated the patient groups from the control subjects, and there were significant differences between T1 and T2 among the types of heart disease. PMID- 6538062 TI - Obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with left-sided cardiac failure: improvement after verapamil treatment. PMID- 6538063 TI - In vitro estimation of the effects of selected proteins on iron bioavailability. AB - The effects of proteins and protein digestion products on iron bioavailability were studied. Iron dialyzability, under simulated gastrointestinal conditions, in the presence of selected proteins and fractionated protein digestion products, was used as a measure of iron bioavailability. Dialyzability was high for bovine serum albumin and beef, intermediate for egg albumin, and low for soy flour, gelatin, casein, soy protein isolate, and gluten. Low molecular weight digestion product fractions from bovine serum albumin and beef enhanced iron dialysis; similar fractions from casein and soy protein isolate did not affect iron dialysis. The influence of proteins on iron bioavailability appears to be related to the affinity of undigested or partially digested protein for iron and to the stability of small molecular weight soluble iron complexes formed from protein digestion products. PMID- 6538064 TI - The relation of megakaryocyte ploidy to platelet volume. AB - To determine how alterations of megakaryocyte proliferation will affect platelet production, we measured mean platelet volume (MPV), platelet volume heterogeneity, platelet count, and mean megakaryocyte ploidy in 42 patients. In normal subjects, mean platelet volume and megakaryocyte ploidy were related inversely but nonlinearly to platelet count, whereas mean platelet volume and platelet volume heterogeneity were related directly. In patients with immune thrombocytopenic purpura (low platelet count, MPV above normal, and increased megakaryocyte ploidy), and in those with reactive thrombocytosis (high platelet count, low MPV and megakaryocyte ploidy), the relation of MPV to megakaryocyte ploidy, platelet volume heterogeneity, and platelet count resembled or extended the relations found in normal subjects. By contrast, in patients with aplastic anemia or megaloblastic anemia, or in patients who were undergoing chemotherapy for leukemia, heterogeneity was increased abnormally at any MPV, and both MPV and megakaryocyte ploidy were substantially lower, at any platelet volume, than in normals or the above other groups. The most common ploidy class was 8N in all patients, and the mean megakaryocyte ploidy correlated directly and linearly with mean platelet volume. The data show that bone marrow with megakaryocytes of higher ploidy produces platelets that are both larger and more heterogeneous. PMID- 6538065 TI - Long-term learning deficits of mentally retarded monkeys. AB - During the first year of life, 12 rhesus monkeys were either subjected to diets high in phenylalanine or para-chlorophenylalanine either pre- or postpartum, leading to a condition similar to phenylketonuria (PKU); 12 other rhesus monkeys were controls. After removal from the PKU diets and return to normal diets for a period of 2 years, subjects were tested for learning ability on an extensive series of tasks. No support was found for suggestions that PKU monkeys (a) do worse if task difficulty is increased, (b) are less affected by negative reinforcement, (c) have an attentional or short-term memory storage deficit, and (d) do not attend to the relevant dimension. Support was found for the hypothesis that PKU subjects are more emotional, accounting for (a) disruption in performance following negative reinforcement and (b) difficulty in changing an initial or a learned response pattern. PMID- 6538066 TI - Perinatal mortality in a large perinatal center: five-year review of 31,000 births. AB - The perinatal mortality rate for 30,928 babies born at Medical Center Hospital, San Antonio, Texas, between 1978 and 1982, was 20.3/1,000 births. Neonatal and fetal mortality rates were, respectively, 10.1/1,000 live births and 10.4/1,000 births. Exclusion of babies who weighed less than 500 gm yielded adjusted fetal, neonatal, and perinatal mortality rates of, respectively, 9.2, 9.8, and 17.9. Birth weight-specific mortality rates were calculated by groups of 250 gm birth weight for all neonates and by increments of 100 gm for babies who weighed 500 to 1,499 gm. Male infants, intrauterine growth-retarded babies, and babies whose mothers were less than 15 years old contributed more deaths than would be expected from the characteristics of the obstetric population. Presumptive cause of fetal death was unknown in 32%, fetal anoxia in 21%, maternal pathologic conditions in 20%, inappropriate fetal growth in 13%, congenital malformations in 8%, and systemic fetal infections in 6%. Leading presumptive causes of neonatal death were immaturity (29%), congenital malformations (18%), hemorrhages (16%), and systemic infections (10%). Hyaline membrane disease and necrotizing enterocolitis contributed, respectively, 7% and 6% of deaths. Past and future trends of perinatal mortality are discussed. PMID- 6538067 TI - Platinum tissue concentrations following intra-arterial and intravenous cis diamminedichloroplatinum II in New Zealand white rabbits. AB - Intra-arterial chemotherapy is supported by the rationale that regional infusion more than systemic administration can produce higher regional concentrations of cytotoxic drugs, thereby enhancing tumor kill. The hypothesis that intra-arterial infusion of cis-diamminedichloroplatinum II (DDP) enhances regional drug concentrations in tissue has not been studied. Therefore, 30 New Zealand white rabbits were treated with DDP. Fifteen animals were given DDP intravenously, and the other 15 received DDP by intra-arterial infusion into the terminal aorta. Necropsy was performed at 2, 6, 24, and 48 hours after infusion. Samples of tissue were analyzed for platinum content by flameless atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Uterine and ovarian platinum content was significantly greater after intra-arterial infusion than after intravenous infusion (P less than 0.001 and P less than 0.01, respectively). This substantiates the rationale that regional arterial infusion of DDP can achieve higher tissue platinum levels than the intravenous route, at least, in this animal model. PMID- 6538068 TI - Diurnal variation of steroid hormones in maternal serum during late pregnancy. PMID- 6538069 TI - Salivary and plasma bound and "free" testosterone in men and women. AB - Paired samples of blood and saliva from 37 men and nine women throughout the menstrual cycle were measured for testosterone by radioimmunoassay and free testosterone by equilibrium dialysis. There was a highly significant correlation between plasma and salivary testosterone, with a correlation coefficient r = 0.71 (p = less than 0.001). In men, free testosterone constituted 78% of salivary testosterone but only 4% of plasma testosterone; mean +/- SE salivary testosterone was 193.7 +/- 6.7 pg/ml compared to plasma testosterone of 5,140 +/- 298.0 pg/ml. Salivary testosterone decreased significantly from a morning (0800 hours) level of 208 +/- 7.5 to an evening (1800 hours) level of 174 +/- 8.4 pg/ml (p = less than 0.001) (n = 23). Similarly, plasma testosterone was significantly higher in the morning (6,584 +/- 472 pg/ml) than in the evening (5,571 +/- 357 pg/ml) (p = less than 0.005) (n = 25). Free testosterone in saliva and plasma also showed significantly higher morning than evening levels. The coefficients of variability for hourly changes (0900 to 1800 hours) in salivary testosterone and free testosterone were 13.6% and 16.7% compared to 12.7% and 20.9% for plasma testosterone and free testosterone, respectively. In women, salivary testosterone during the proliferative phase of the menstrual cycle was 108.3 +/- 5.8 pg/ml, and it increased significantly to 130.5 +/- 6.0 pg/ml in the secretory phase (p = less than 0.02). Our findings indicate that measurements of salivary testosterone reflect plasma testosterone and may be a useful noninvasive method of assessing levels of testosterone. PMID- 6538070 TI - Nonlinear force response of active smooth muscle subjected to small stretches. AB - Isometrically mounted and electrically stimulated strips of rabbit mesotubarium superius muscles were subjected to sinusoidal length perturbations (delta L) of variable amplitude (0-1% of Lmax) at constant frequency (80 Hz). In both the plateau phase of long-maintained (steady-state) contractions and in brief contraction-relaxation cycles the force perturbation amplitude (delta F) response was directly proportional to delta L (and to the developed force, F) for delta L values less than approximately 0.30% of Lmax. At larger delta L values the magnitude of the delta F response deviated downward from a linear relationship. Statistical analysis of the relationship characterized a "deviation point," the value of delta F and delta L beyond which the delta F response departed from linearity. The value of delta F at the deviation point depended strongly on the developed force, whether it was varied by changing muscle rest length, stimulus strength, or time during a phasic contraction-relaxation cycle. The value of delta L at the deviation point was independent of developed force. Restricting the length of muscle subjected to delta L (while not changing cellular dimensions) showed that the slope of delta F/delta L relationship (the active stiffness) depended inversely on the length of muscle in the system. These findings are consistent with a model in which the active elasticity arises from cross bridges that are borne on myofilaments and that both generate and transmit the muscle force. PMID- 6538071 TI - Rat renal 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 1- and 24-hydroxylases: their in vivo regulation. AB - The effects of thyroparathyroidectomy, parathyroid hormone, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, dietary calcium, dietary phosphorus, age, and sex on the renal 25 hydroxyvitamin D3 1- and 24-hydroxylases measured in vitro in rats have been studied. Thyroparathyroidectomy of vitamin D-deficient rats abolishes 25 hydroxyvitamin D3 1-hydroxylase activity, and administration of bovine parathyroid extract to the thyroparathyroidectomized rat restores diminished 1 hydroxylase activity. Both suppression and restoration of the enzyme activities require many hours (18-24 h) independent of rapid changes in serum calcium and inorganic phosphorus levels in response to these manipulations. Administration of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 to vitamin D-deficient rats suppresses 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 1-hydroxylase activity and stimulates 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 24-hydroxylase activity within 48 h. Rats maintained on a low-calcium or a low-phosphorus diet with a daily supplement of 20 IU vitamin D3 show high 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 1 hydroxylase activity and low 24-hydroxylase activity as compared with rats similarly treated but fed a diet containing adequate calcium or adequate phosphorus. When vitamin D-sufficient rats having suppressed renal 25 hydroxyvitamin D3 1-hydroxylase activity are placed on a low-calcium vitamin D deficient diet for 7 days, the 1-hydroxylase activity is greatly stimulated in 6 wk-old rats but much less so in rats with advancing age. PMID- 6538073 TI - Adverse effects of spinal anesthesia in a patient with idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis. PMID- 6538072 TI - Effect of chronic ingestion of ethanol on in vitro uptake of lipids and glucose in the rabbit jejunum. AB - This study was undertaken to determine the effect of chronic feeding of ethanol on the in vitro jejunal uptake of lipids and glucose. The first group of rabbits was fed ad libitum (CAL); the food intake of a second control group [weight control (WC)] was restricted to match their gain in body weight with that of a chronically ethanol-fed group (ETH); and the food intake of a third control group [food control (FC)] was restricted to match the food intake with that of ETH. There was a marked decline in cholesterol uptake in WC and FC compared with CAL, and cholesterol uptake in ETH was intermediate between the higher value in CAL and the lower value in WC and FC. The uptake of fatty acids 4:0-12:0 was similar in the CAL, FC, WC, and ETH groups, both when the bulk phase was stirred and unstirred; the uptake of fatty acids 16:0 and 18:0 was lower in WC and FC than in CAL; and the uptake of fatty acids 14:0, 16:0, and 18:0 was even lower in ETH. The uptake of a homologous series of fatty alcohols was greater in WC and ETH than in CAL at five different rates of stirring of the bulk phase. When the uptake of fatty acids 6:0-12:0 was corrected for unstirred layer resistance, a linear relation was noted between fatty acid chain length and the natural logarithm of rate of uptake/aqueous diffusion coefficient, and the steeper slope in WC and ETH than in CAL represented a higher incremental change in free energy. Glucose uptake was similar in CAL, WC, and FC but was greater in ETH from 5 to 40 mM glucose. These studies demonstrate that 1) weight restriction, food restriction, and chronic ethanol feeding are associated with a change in the effective resistance of the unstirred layer and in the passive permeability properties of the rabbit jejunum, and 2) ethanol has a differential effect on passive permeation of short-, medium-, and long-chain fatty acids and cholesterol. PMID- 6538074 TI - Chlamydial infections. AB - Infections due to Chlamydia are exceedingly important and common in emergency medicine, perhaps more so than any other single infectious agent. Recent studies have documented Chlamydia as a major cause of such commonly seen entities as urethritis, epididymitis, cervicitis, conjunctivitis, and neonatal pneumonia. Because clinical diagnosis and treatment is usually straightforward, and the already tremendous incidence of these "outpatient" infections is certain to increase, emergency physicians must become familiar with their diagnosis and management. PMID- 6538075 TI - Optimizing metoclopramide control of cisplatin-induced emesis. AB - Using an original high-pressure liquid chromatographic assay, we measured serum levels of metoclopramide and defined a concentration-response relationship for metoclopramide control of cisplatin-induced emesis. Using a metoclopramide regimen of 2 mg/kg body weight intravenously every 2 hours for four doses, we found that serum levels greater than 850 ng/mL immediately before the third dose were associated with complete control of emesis (less than three episodes) in 78% of patients and partial control (three to five episodes) in 18%. No patient with levels less than 850 ng/mL had complete control of emesis; only 42% had partial control (p less than 0.001). Increases in dosage for patients with low levels and poor responses improved control in four of five patients. Elderly patients had drug levels similar to those of young patients but had fewer episodes of emesis (p = 0.044), suggesting that elderly patients have increased sensitivity to this drug. The metoclopramide dose can be raised up to 2.75 mg/kg with an improvement in emetic control in patients who have an inadequate response to doses of 2 mg/kg and no toxicity. PMID- 6538076 TI - Antitumor effects of abrin and ricin used singly and in combination with cisplatin. AB - Abrin, ricin, and cisplatin produced significant increases in survival times of mice inoculated with 10(6) Ehrlich ascites carcinoma or L1210 leukemia cells 24 hours prior to treatment. Combinations of abrin or ricin with cisplatin produced markedly synergistic action in prolonging survival times of mice bearing cell line A of L1210 leukemia. For example, a dosage of 1.33 micrograms per kg abrin produced a 40 percent increased length of survival (ILS) and 2.5 mg per kg of cisplatin produced a 45 percent ILS while a combination of the two agents resulted in a 229 percent ILS and produced 60-day survivors or "cures" in 20 percent of the mice treated. Similar combinations of abrin or ricin with cisplatin also produced significant additive or synergistic increases in survival times of mice bearing cell line B of L1210 leukemia or Ehrlich ascites carcinoma. Aged solutions of abrin and ricin appeared to be less toxic, but have similar antitumor effect alone or in combination with cisplatin, than freshly prepared solutions. PMID- 6538077 TI - Brown adipose tissue metabolism in lactating rats: the effect of litter size. AB - Brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenic activity has been measured in lactating rats on day 11 post-partum. In order to assess the response of this tissue to different rates of milk production, litter sizes were adjusted to give 2, 4, 8 or 12 pups/dam. In all lactating animals, BAT mass and protein content were markedly reduced, but thermogenic activity was only fully suppressed in dams nursing large litters. In those with 4 pups, guanosine diphosphate-binding activity (expressed as pmol GDP bound/mg mitochondrial protein) was lower than that of virgin control rats, but remained well above values obtained from control animals acclimated at thermoneutrality. Other estimates of BAT thermogenesis, cytochrome oxidase activity and noradrenaline-stimulated increase in oxygen consumption supported the inverse relationship between litter size and BAT function. Possible control mechanisms for the observed changes in BAT activity in lactating animals are discussed. PMID- 6538078 TI - Studies on the mechanism of inhibition of amphibian oocyte adenylate cyclase by progesterone. AB - Progesterone treatment induces the meiotic maturation of Xenopus laevis oocytes. Previous evidence indicates that this hormonal effect may be due to inhibition of oocyte adenylate cyclase. The present work studies several aspects of the mechanism of adenylate cyclase inhibition by this hormone. Forskolin greatly stimulates oocyte adenylate cyclase in the absence of guanine nucleotides and this activity is not sensitive to progesterone inhibition. In addition the forskolin-activated enzyme is not inhibited by a wide range of guanine nucleotide, in the presence or absence of hormone. The time course of cAMP synthesis catalyzed by oocyte adenylate cyclase in the presence of guanyl-5'l imidodiphosphate (Gpp(NH)p) shows an initial lag period that does not depend on the concentration of Gpp(NH)p. Progesterone causes a very significant increase in the hysteresis of the reaction, at least doubling the half-time of enzyme activation. The hormonal effect on the lag cannot be reversed by saturating concentrations of Gpp(NH)p. Progesterone also decreases the steady-state rates of the reaction. This effect, however, depends on the concentration of Gpp(NH)p. High concentrations of Gpp(NH)p almost completely reverse the inhibition of the steady-state rates. Progesterone does not inhibit if it is added to the reaction after the initial lag period. Guanosine-5'-O-(2-thiodiphosphate) (GDP-beta-S) is an efficient competitive inhibitor of Gpp(NH)p activation of adenylate cyclase. Progesterone inhibition is observed at all concentrations of GDP-beta-S and is potentiated at high ratios of GDP-beta-S to Gpp(NH)p. These data indicate that progesterone inhibits by interfering with the activation of the Ns subunit of the enzyme by guanine nucleotides, rather than through a mechanism involving a separate Ni subunit. PMID- 6538079 TI - Inhibition of processing of plant N-linked oligosaccharides by castanospermine. AB - Castanospermine (1,6,7,8-tetrahydroxyoctahydroindolizine) is a plant alkaloid that inhibits lysosomal alpha- and beta-glucosidase. It also inhibits processing of influenza viral glycoproteins by inhibiting glucosidase I and leads to altered glycoproteins with Glc3Man7GlcNAc2 structures. Castanospermine was tested as an inhibitor of glycoprotein processing in suspension-cultured soybean cells. Soybean cells were pulse-labeled with [2-3H]mannose and chased for varying periods in unlabeled medium. In normal cells, the initial glycopeptides contained oligosaccharides having Glc3Man9GlcNAc2 to Glc1Man9GlcNAc2 structures and these were trimmed during the chase to Man9GlcNac2 to Man7GlcNAc2 structures. In the presence of castanospermine, no trimming of glucose residues occurred although some mannose residues were apparently still removed. Thus, the major oligosaccharide in the glycopeptides of castanospermine-incubated cells after a 90-min chase was a Glc3Man7GlcNAc2 structure. Smaller amounts of Glc3Man6GlcNAc2 and Glc3Man5GlcNAc2 were also identified. Thus, in plant cells, castanospermine also prevents the removal of the outermost glucose residue. PMID- 6538080 TI - [Growth of human tumor transplanted into nude mice with various genetic backgrounds]. AB - Nude mice with different genetic backgrounds were used for the experiment to evaluate the growth of human and murine tumors in the different hosts. Twelve human tumors including 5 gastric carcinomas (St-4, St-10, St-15, St-40, KS-1), 2 colon carcinomas (Co-3, Exp-42), 1 breast carcinoma (MX-1), 1 bile duct carcinoma (Ch-1), 1 hepatocellular hepatoma (Li-4) and 2 hemangiosarcomas (LC-27-R, LC-27 UR), and one murine tumor spontaneously arisen from C3H/HeN nu/+ mouse were transplanted into the subcutaneous tissue of nude mice with genetic backgrounds of BALB/cA, DDD and ICR (CD-1). BALB/cA-nu was originated from the Central Institute for Experimental Animals, DDD-nu was supplied from the Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo and ICR (CD-1)-nu was supplied from Charles River Co., Ltd. Tumors were measured by the width (W) and length (L) three times a week by the same person. The tumor volume (V) was estimated by the formula V = W2 X L/2. Tumor doubling time (Td) during the exponential growth phase was compared between the nude mice with different genetic backgrounds. It was found that Td of MX-1 in DDD-nu mice and Td of St-40 and Exp-42 in BALB/cA-nu mice were shortened in comparison with those of tumors transplanted into nude mice with the other strains. However, no statistically significant differences were observed when t-test of matched pairs and coefficients of correlation were applied to compare Td in the other kinds of nude mice. Nude mice with genetic backgrounds of DDD and ICR (CD-1) were thought to be also useful for various kinds of therapeutic experiments in human tumor xenografts/nude mice system. PMID- 6538081 TI - [Effect of cisplatin in esophageal cancer with hepatic metastasis]. AB - Cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum(II)(CDDP) was given to a patient with esophageal carcinoma who developed liver metastasis after radiotherapy, and partial response was obtained. Nephrotoxicity was observed when the total dose of CDDP reached to 300 mg. CDDP seems to be effective in the treatment of patient with distant metastasis during or after radiotherapy of esophageal carcinoma. PMID- 6538082 TI - Comparative study of infectious and formaldehyde-inactivated tick-borne encephalitis virus particles. AB - The structure and properties of infectious and formaldehyde-treated particles of tick-borne encephalitis virus, concentrated and purified by chromatography on macroporous glass, were studied. In addition to complete virions, such preparations contain some incomplete forms that differ in density, morphology and protein composition (incomplete forms do not contain nucleocapsid protein). The physico-chemical analysis of complete virions showed that formaldehyde treatment causes a) the formation of glycoprotein dimers and b) a portion of nucleocapsid protein to become tightly cross-linked with viral RNA. Formaldehyde treatment of incomplete forms resulted only in the formation of a small amount of glycoprotein dimers. Incomplete forms and glycoprotein extracted from inactivated preparations had protective and antigenic activity. PMID- 6538083 TI - Sex-related factors in acute hypoxia survival in one strain of mice. AB - In mice of different ages from the OF1 mouse strain, males are less resistant than females to a normobaric hypoxia obtained in a few hours by a progressive lowering of normoxic PO2 with nitrogen flushing. Injection of estradiol to castrated males and spayed females increases hypoxic survival. Neonates which have been injected with a high dose of estradiol show, when adult, a high hypoxic resistance. In adult females, hypoxic survival is lower during diestrus than during estrus. Pregnancy decreases resistance to hypoxia. Experiments, performed with males and females of different ages, show the effects of sex-related dimorphism and aggressiveness. Hypoxias at various ambient temperatures demonstrate that the sex difference in hypoxic survival persists in spite of variations in rectal temperatures. PMID- 6538084 TI - Does escape behaviour strengthen agoraphobic avoidance? A preliminary study. PMID- 6538085 TI - Isolation and identification of 3-acetylecdysone 2-phosphate, a metabolite of ecdysone, from developing eggs of Schistocerca gregaria. AB - A major ecdysteroid conjugate, which accumulates in the eggs of the desert locust, Schistocerca gregaria, during the later stages of embryogenesis, has been isolated by reversed-phase and anion-exchange high-performance liquid chromatography. Hydrolysis of the conjugate with a crude arylsulphatase preparation from Helix pomatia liberates mainly ecdysone 3-acetate. The compound was identified as 3-acetylecdysone 2-phosphate by phosphate analysis of an acid hydrolysed sample, fast atom bombardment, electron impact and chemical ionization mass spectrometry and 1H and 13Cn.m.r. spectroscopy. The instability of 3 acetylecdysone 2-phosphate on storage results in the formation of ecdysone 2 phosphate, which was identified by physicochemical techniques. 3-Acetylecdysone 2 phosphate and ecdysone 2-phosphate are less susceptible than ecdysone 22 phosphate to hydrolysis in vitro by an enzyme preparation from S. gregaria embryos. The possible role of 3-acetylecdysone 2-phosphate as an inactive end product of ecdysteroid metabolism is discussed. PMID- 6538086 TI - Decreased fibrinolytic activity in human atherosclerotic vessels. AB - Using a semi-quantitative, histochemical fibrin slide technique, plasminogen activator (PA) activity was determined in 65 atherosclerotic arteries obtained from 65 patients during surgery -42 during resection of the infrarenal part of the aorta, and 23 from a leg artery in patients undergoing a below-knee amputation. In 12 of the patients undergoing resection of the aorta, another specimen was obtained from a collateral artery free from atherosclerotic lesions. PA activity in the atherosclerotic aortic specimens was significantly decreased compared with that in collateral arteries, and low PA activity was also found in leg arteries. PMID- 6538087 TI - Morphine and memory in DBA/2 mice: effects of stress and of prior experience. AB - In a first set of experiments, immediately post-training morphine (1.0 or 2.5 but not 0.5 mg/kg) treatment, or immobilization stress (30 or 60 but not 15 min) impaired memory processes of non-pretrained DBA/2 mice tested in a passive avoidance box. The effects were naloxone-reversible and time-dependent (they were absent in mice injected with morphine, or immobilized, starting 120 min after training). No effect was evident in no-footshock groups injected with morphine (2.5 mg/kg) or immobilized (60 min), thus showing lack of proactive influence of the treatments on performance. In a second set of experiments, in which pretrained animals were used, both morphine and immobilization stress were less effective in disrupting memory processes of mice. In both sets of experiments a per se ineffective stress enhanced the effects of morphine. A number of possible hypotheses concerning the results obtained are examined. In particular the possible role of emotional factors in the effects of morphine on memory is discussed. PMID- 6538088 TI - The bed nucleus of the stria terminalis and immobilization-stress: unit activity, escape behaviour, and gastric pathology in rats. AB - Multiple unit-activity in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis was increased or decreased, relative to baselines, during physical restraint in rats. Changes in unit-activity were also obtained by presenting an auditory stimulus that had been paired with the immobilization treatment. The animals escaped from that stimulus in behavioural tests, and bilateral lesions in the bed nucleus reduced the latencies of escape responses. The lesion also increased the severity of restraint-induced mucosal erosions. The latter effect was most pronounced when the damage was in the lateral portion of the bed nucleus. It was concluded that the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis is part of a coping system which responds when the organism is placed in a stressful situation. PMID- 6538089 TI - Effect of castration and subsequent substitution with testosterone, dihydrotestosterone and oestradiol on sexual preference behaviour in the male rat. AB - In the present study effects of castration and subsequent hormonal substitution on the partner-preference behaviour of the male rat are investigated. For the determination of this behaviour a residential plus-maze is used. Castration of a male rat leads to the disappearance of preference behaviour after a few weeks. Subsequent administration of testosterone by means of a silastic implant restores this behaviour within a few weeks. Castrated male rats with a silastic implant containing dihydrotestosterone will not seek contact with the oestrous female rat. Oestradiol-implanted castrated male rats show the same behaviour in the residential plus-maze as do intact male rats. It is concluded that in the male rat gonadal hormones have an effect on the processing of the signals which an oestrous female rat emits to attract a male. PMID- 6538090 TI - Dietary self-selection in intact, ovariectomized, and estradiol-treated female rats. AB - The effects of estrogenic stimulation on diet selection were examined in intact, estrous cycling rats, ovariectomized (OVX) rats, and OVX rats given estradiol benzoate (EB) hormone replacement therapy. In Experiment 1, OVX was associated with the nearly exclusive choice of the more calorically dense diet of a pair of diets varying in the concentration of one of the three basic macronutrients (i.e., fat, carbohydrate, and protein), an effect that was decreased by EB administration. In the second experiment, dietary self-selection was examined in intact, estrous cycling rats given access to an isocaloric diet triplet of fat, carbohydrate (CHO), and protein. Total caloric intake and body weight did not vary across the estrous cycle. However, diet selection did vary. Fat intake increased; CHO and, to a lesser extent, protein intake decreased during estrus. An opposite diet selection occurred during diestrus. In Experiment 3, OVX resulted in progressive increases in CHO and protein intake, with a concurrent decrease in fat consumption. The EB treatment partially reversed this diet selection profile (Experiment 4). These results were confirmed by diet pairs with both naturally occurring and experimentally produced estrogenic stimulation (Experiments 5 and 6). These data are consistent with the findings of previous research demonstrating estrogenic reduction in CHO intake with standard high-CHO commercial diets. In addition, an increase in fat intake during estrogenic stimulation was found. PMID- 6538091 TI - Evidence for anatomical but not functional asymmetry in the hemidecorticate rat. AB - Rats with unilateral ablation of the left or right cerebral neocortex or left or right hippocampus were studied in a battery of tests of spatial orientation, motor coordination, and social behavior, including Morris water task, radial arm maze, feeding, narrow beam traversing, puzzle latches, hoarding, grooming, nest building, running wheel activity, male--male interaction, and shock-induced aggression. Comparison of the brains of operated and control rats confirmed previous suggestions that the right hemisphere of the rat is bigger and may have different connections than the left hemisphere. Despite the morphological asymmetries, comparison of the behavior of rats with right hemidecortication with that of rats with left hemidecortication, and of rats with right and of those with left hippocampal lesions, failed to show a single instance of functional asymmetry in the rat brain. These behavioral results stand in marked contrast to previous reports of functional asymmetry in the control of activity, orientation, and rotation. PMID- 6538092 TI - Verapamil: a cause of sudden death in a patient with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. AB - Sudden death was recorded by continuous ambulatory electrocardiographic (Holter) monitoring in a 62 year old man with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and atrial fibrillation, who had been treated for four days with verapamil 360 mg orally. Analysis of the tape showed a third degree atrioventricular block followed by complete asystole. The sudden death could be related to treatment with verapamil. PMID- 6538093 TI - Diurnal variation of uterine contractility. AB - The diurnal uterine activity in four normal women in the secretory phase of their menstrual cycles and one woman suffering from dysmenorrhea were studied in relation to concomitant hormone levels in blood (progesterone, hGH, prolactin, cortisol, vasopressin, and 15-keto-13,14-dihydro-PGF2 alpha). In the four normal women uterine activity decreased after midnight, unrelated to circulating levels of 15-keto-13,14-dihydro-PGF2 alpha. But during a dysmenorrheic episode the uterine hypercontractility pattern correlated well with levels of the PGF2 alpha metabolite, indicating a role of endogenous-produced PGF2 alpha in this condition. The results demonstrate a diurnal rhythm, possibly related to the wake sleep cycle. No simple associations were seen between vasopressin, cortisol, prolactin, hGH, the PGF2 alpha-metabolite, and uterine activity. PMID- 6538094 TI - Endocrine effects of danazol in the treatment of endometriosis. AB - The effects of danazol therapy on circulating gonadotrophins, oestradiol and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) binding capacity have been studied in eight patients with endometriosis. There was a significant rise in luteinizing hormone (LH) in the first week of treatment with a fall in oestradiol levels. There was a marked fall in SHBG in the first week which continued up to 4 weeks. It is concluded that danazol is not 'anti-gonadotrophic' as frequently claimed and that its therapeutic actions, side effects and the endocrine changes could be explained by an effect on SHBG production. The rationale of its use in other conditions requires reconsideration. PMID- 6538095 TI - Metastatic carcinoma of the iris simulating iridocyclitis. AB - A 46-year-old woman with a history of breast carcinoma and no known metastatic disease presented with iridocyclitis and secondary glaucoma. Intraocular inflammation and pressure elevation persisted despite standard medical therapy, and paracentesis was performed. Cytological examination of the aspirate revealed adenocarcinoma. Subsequent studies disclosed no evidence of extraocular metastasis. Two courses of radiation therapy to the involved eye resulted in a dramatic reduction in intraocular inflammation and allowed temporary control of the intraocular pressure. Ultimately, however, progressive glaucoma necessitated enucleation. This case confirms previous statements that iridocyclitis may be the initial clinical manifestation of metastatic malignancy. In addition, this report emphasises the importance of paracentesis in the diagnostic evaluation of selected cases of anterior uveitis of unknown aetiology. PMID- 6538096 TI - The static head method for determining the charge stoichiometry of coupled transport systems. Applications to the sodium-coupled D-glucose transporters of the renal proximal tubule. AB - The static head method for determining the charge stoichiometry (the number of moles of charge translocated per mole of substrate) of a coupled transport system is presented. The method involves establishing experimental conditions under which a membrane potential exactly balances the thermodynamic driving force of a known substrate gradient. The charge stoichiometry can then be calculated from thermodynamic principles. In contrast to the usual steady-state method for determining charge stoichiometry in cell suspensions and vesicle preparations, the static head method is applicable to systems which are not capable of maintaining a constant membrane potential over time. The charge stoichiometries of two renal sodium coupled D-glucose transporters previously identified in brush border membrane vesicle preparations from the outer cortex (early proximal tubule) and outer medulla (late proximal tubule) are determined. The charge stoichiometries of these transporters are in good agreement with their sodium/glucose coupling ratios arguing against the possibility that glucose transport is coupled to ions other than sodium in these membranes. PMID- 6538097 TI - Studies on the zinc binding site to the serum thymic factor. AB - Gel filtration studies of 65Zn2+ binding to thymulin show that the nonapeptide can strongly bind one zinc metal ion. At pH 7.5, thymulin binds one zinc ion with an apparent affinity constant Kd of 5 +/- 2 X 10(-7) M. Binding is pH dependent. No binding is observed below pH 6.0. Ga3+, Al3+, Mn2+ and Cu2+ can compete with the binding of Zn2+ at pH 7.5. A good correlation between the competition potencies of metal ions used and the extent of biological activity of thymulin in the presence of these metal ions in an in vitro rosette assay is observed. Structural analogs of thymulin and non-thymulin-related peptides were used in a gel filtration technique to tentatively define the nature of amino acids present in the Zn2+-binding site of thymulin. PMID- 6538098 TI - Effect of particle size and lipid composition of bovine blood high density lipoprotein on its function as a carrier of beta-carotene. AB - As part of a study on the influence of dietary lipids on vitamin transport and metabolism in lactating cows, we have examined the beta-carotene content and other properties of fractions of the high-density lipoprotein (HDL, density 1.05 1.16 g/ml) of bovine blood. Our purpose was primarily to explain previous results indicating that feeding cows polyunsaturated lipids alters the properties of the HDL and increases the concentration of beta-carotene in the blood but not in the milk. Fractions of HDL of different particle size were prepared by gel-filtration chromatography and the particle diameters measured by electron microscopy. We found that large HDL particles contain more beta-carotene per unit weight than small particles. Furthermore the HDL from cows fed lipid-rich diets with a high proportion of linoleic-acid residues, which had been protected against microbial degradation in the rumen, had a high percentage of HDL particles with large diameters. The blood from these cows had a higher concentration of beta-carotene than before feeding polyunsaturated lipids, but their milk had a lower concentration. We suggest that HDL is the main store of beta-carotene in bovine blood. Moreover the concentration of beta-carotene in blood is increased by feeding polyunsaturated lipids largely because of the increase in the percentage of large HDL particles, which contain more beta-carotene. The effect on the concentration of beta-carotene in milk implies that the transfer mechanism is less efficient as a result of feeding polyunsaturated lipids. This lower efficiency may be due in part to the higher percentage of large HDL particles. PMID- 6538099 TI - The effect of hematin on bilirubin binding in bilirubin-enriched neonatal cord serum. AB - It has been suggested that the serum of infants with ABO hemolytic disease contains hematin which might interfere with bilirubin binding to albumin, increasing the risk of kerincterus. Using the horseradish peroxidase assay, we investigated this possibility. Cord serum from healthy term infants was enriched with bilirubin to a bilirubin/albumin molar ratio of 0.6, and then varying amounts of hematin were added. Hematin had a significant adverse effect on bilirubin binding when present in half to equimolar ratios with bilirubin. This high concentration of hematin does not appear to be present in serum from infants with ABO hemolytic disease and no difference was seen when comparing the dilute and the undilute peroxidase assays. These data suggest that hematin can alter bilirubin binding in neonatal serum but is not os physiologic importance for infants with ABO-isoimmune hemolysis. PMID- 6538100 TI - Quantitative relationship between light intensity and luteinizing hormone surges in ovariectomized rats treated with estrogen. AB - The purpose of this study was to determine if patterns of gonadotropin secretion during estrogen-induced luteinizing hormone (LH) surges are altered by abrupt changes in light exposure. When light intensity was increased approximately threefold, before the "critical period" or during the rising phase of the LH surge, serum LH increased significantly (P less than 0.01) compared to control values. Furthermore, LH surges were prolonged when exposure to light of high intensity was continued beyond the normal extent of the photophase. In contrast to the effects of increased light intensity, acute darkness did not alter the magnitude of LH surges compared with controls exposed to light of low intensity. Thus, phasic LH secretion is enhanced by abrupt increases in light intensity, and the duration of LH secretion can be extended by prolonging the photophase. Although LH surges occur in total darkness, this study suggests that light modulates the intensity of the signal for LH secretion by a stimulatory action. PMID- 6538101 TI - [Nootropic properties of gamma-aminobutyric acid derivatives]. AB - Experiments on rats and mice were made to study the antianamnestic and antihypoxic effects of some GABA derivatives. Cetyl GABA, sodium and lithium hydroxybutyrates and phenibut were shown to be able to decrease the retrograde amnesia caused by electroshock in passive avoidance performance. As regards the degree of the antianamnestic effect, the above-mentioned non-cyclic derivatives of GABA are not inferior to the standard nootropic drug piracetam, a derivative of cyclic GABA. Antihypoxic activity of sodium hydroxybutyrate, cetyl GABA, phenibut and lioresal studied in experimental hypoxic hypoxia compares very favourably with that of piracetam. The compounds under consideration manifest their protective action against damaging factors in doses which do not provoke muscle relaxation or any types of central depression. According to the data obtained one may conclude that the nootropic effect is exhibited by not only piracetam, a derivative of cyclic GABA, but also by some of its non-cyclic derivatives. PMID- 6538102 TI - Urinary androgen and 17-hydroxylated corticosteroid metabolites and their relation to recurrence rates in early breast cancer. AB - The amounts of urinary androsterone and etiocholanolone are highly correlated with recurrence rates in patients with early breast cancer after treatment by mastectomy. A more efficient means of predicting the clinical course of the disease is obtained by using a ratio of these compounds to the amounts of individual 17-hydroxycorticosteroids in the urine. For instance, the ratio of androsterone to alpha-cortolone is particularly effective in identifying women with a high rate of recurrence, and this is largely independent of pathological stage and tumor grade. PMID- 6538104 TI - Urethral valves in an adult--an unusual cause of retrograde ejaculation. PMID- 6538103 TI - Influence of plasma protein on the inhibitory effects of indocyanine green and bromcresol green on pulmonary prostaglandin E1 extraction. AB - The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of plasma protein on the inhibitory effects of the anionic dyes indocyanine green and bromcresol green on prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) uptake by the lungs. Dog lung lobes were isolated and perfused with either autologous plasma or Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate solution (KRB) containing no protein but with dextran used as a colloid. PGE1 uptake was determined by injecting a bolus, containing radiolabelled PGE1 into the lobar artery and then analysing ethanolic extracts of the venous effluent for radioactivity in PGE1 and PGE1 metabolites by thin layer chromatography and scintillation counting. When the lobes were perfused with KRB, bromcresol green at an average initial concentration of 28.5 microM, reduced PGE1 by an average of 56%. When the lobes were perfused with plasma, similar concentrations of bromcresol green reduced the uptake by less than 2%. A similar result was obtained with indocyanine green, which at an average initial concentration of 17.5 microM reduced uptake by about 70% when the lobes were perfused with KRB, but when the lobes were perfused with plasma similar concentrations of the dye reduced uptake by less than 3.5%. The results suggest that plasma protein binding interferes with the inhibitory effects of these dyes on PGE1 uptake in the lungs. PMID- 6538105 TI - Sexual function in prostatic cancer patients treated with radiotherapy, orchiectomy or oestrogens. AB - Sexual function in prostatic carcinoma patients was studied in 12 patients from each of three treatment groups: radiotherapy, orchiectomy and oestrogen treatment. Significant deterioration occurred in all groups. Although erectile potency was preserved in 9 of 12 patients treated with radiotherapy, 7 of these had a marked reduction in the frequency of sexual activity. Men subjected to orchiectomy or oestrogen treatment were seldom capable of having intercourse or of experiencing orgasm. However, oestrogen-treated men continued sexual activity with their partner more often than orchiectomised subjects. Patients receiving oestrogen treatment scored significantly higher for mental depression than those in the other two treatment groups. PMID- 6538106 TI - Neural inputs into the nucleus basalis of the substantia innominata (Ch4) in the rhesus monkey. AB - Neurons of the nucleus basalis-substantia innominata-nucleus of the ansa peduncularis complex (Ch4) provide the major source of cholinergic innervation for the entire neocortical surface. In contrast to their widespread projections to all parts of the neocortex, these neurons receive reciprocal projections from only very few cortical areas. Most of the sensory, motor, and association areas in the frontal, parietal, occipital and temporal lobes do not seem to project back to the Ch4 complex. The Ch4 neurons receive their cortical input from prepyriform cortex, orbitofrontal cortex, the anterior insula, the temporal pole, entorhinal cortex and the medial temporal cortex. There are also subcortical inputs from septal nuclei, the nucleus accumbens-ventral pallidum complex and the hypothalamus. This organization suggests that the Ch4 complex is in a position to act as a cholinergic relay for transmitting predominantly limbic and paralimbic information to the neocortical surface. It would also appear that the cortical areas which do not project into Ch4 have no direct way of controlling the cholinergic input which they receive, whereas the limited set of cortical areas which do project into Ch4 can control not only the cholinergic innervation that they receive but also the cholinergic innervation into the entire neocortical mantle. PMID- 6538107 TI - Genetic control of apomorphine-induced climbing behavior in two inbred mouse strains. AB - Over a wide dose range (1-32 mg/kg), apomorphine-induced climbing behavior was significantly greater in the AKR/J than in the DBA/2J inbred mouse strain. A similar difference was found when apomorphine-induced stereotypy was examined. A cross-fostering study demonstrated that the strain difference in apomorphine induced climbing behavior did not result from differences in post-natal rearing environment. After apomorphine administration, brain levels of the drug were similar in the two strains indicating that the difference in behavioral response to apomorphine in the two strains was not due to differences in metabolism or distribution of the drug. The climbing response to apomorphine was examined in the F1 cross of the two strains (AKD2F1/J) and in 10 AKXD recombinant inbred strains. Results suggested that the trait was partially dominant and not X linked; furthermore, a few and possibly one locus was responsible for the differences in apomorphine-induced climbing behavior observed in the AKR/J and DBA/2J mice. PMID- 6538108 TI - Definition of human reflex excitability by statistical analysis of quantal EMG responses. AB - A precise method has been devised to estimate soleus motoneurone pool excitability by probit analysis of quantal (all-or-none) reflex EMG responses to critical electrical stimulation. The technique is shown to be sensitive to changes induced by weak excitatory or inhibitory inputs and is likely to be useful in the study of monosynaptic proprioceptive reflexes. PMID- 6538109 TI - Progesterone in the ventromedial hypothalamus of ovariectomized, estrogen-primed rats inhibits subsequent facilitation of estrous behavior by systemic progesterone. AB - The putative neural target sites of progesterone's (P) inhibitory influence on estrous behavior were re-examined utilizing intracranial hormone implants. Subjects were estrogen-primed ovariectomized, Long-Evans rats, and all were outfitted with permanent indwelling guide cannulae aimed for the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH), preoptic area (POA), or midbrain. In a series of 4 weekly testing paradigms, the ability of blank or P-filled implants to both facilitate estrous responsiveness and to interfere with an animal's ability to exhibit estrous behavior following a systemic injection of P 24 hours later was assessed. P-filled implants placed bilaterally into the VMH inhibited the subsequent facilitation of estrous behavior by systemic P administration. Neither P-filled implants in other brain regions nor blank implants lowered into the VMH had this same effect. Seven of the females that exhibited progesterone-induced behavioral refractoriness 24 h after P stimulation of the VMH exhibited facilitation of estrous responsiveness in behavioral tests given 4.5 h after cannulae placement suggesting that progesterone may exert its facilitative and inhibitory actions on estrous responsiveness at the same neuroanatomical locus. PMID- 6538110 TI - Primary hemangiosarcoma of the spleen with angioscintigraphic demonstration of metastases. AB - A case of primary hemangiosarcoma of the spleen in a 48-year-old woman is presented. Twenty-eight months after splenectomy the patient developed a severe anemia of the microangiopathic type, thrombocytopenia, and a leukoerythroblastic peripheral blood picture. In contrast to x-ray and conventional 99mTc-methylene diphosphonate (MDP) bone scintigraphy, which showed only a few minor focal changes in the spine and ribs, angioscintigraphy with in vitro labeled 99mTc erythrocytes revealed extensive pathologic accumulations throughout the spine, femurs, and the liver, indicating the presence of extremely vascular metastases. Autopsy 15 months later confirmed the scintigraphic findings. Angiography with 99mTc-labeled erythrocytes seems to be useful for monitoring metastases from hemangiosarcomas. PMID- 6538111 TI - Angiosarcomas in hamsters after inoculation of brain tissue from a case of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. AB - Subcutaneous inoculation of minced brain tissue from a case of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy into newborn Syrian hamsters produced transplantable angiosarcomas in 2 of 11 animals. Immunostaining revealed the presence of SV40 in the progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) tissue, indicating this virus as the tumor-inducing agent. PMID- 6538112 TI - Carcinogenesis in rats by nitrosodimethylamine and other nitrosomethylalkylamines at low doses. AB - Four nitrosomethylalkylamines were given to F344 rats in drinking water at concentrations of 0.22 mM or less. The total doses delivered to each animal were 0.5 and 0.2 mmol of nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA), 0.6 mmol of nitrosomethyl-2 oxopropylamine (NMOP) and nitrosomethyl-2-hydroxy-propylamine (NMHP) and 0.9 mmol of nitrosomethyl-2,3-dihydroxypropylamine (NMDHP). NDMA induced liver neoplasms in most of the animals, including 35% with hemangiosarcomas as well as hepatocellular tumors at the higher dose, but only hepatocellular tumors at the lower dose and the latter group of rats survived longer. NMOP induced a high incidence of esophageal tumors and NMHP induced a high incidence of both esophageal and nasal cavity tumors. NMDHP was the least potent of the 4 carcinogens, and induced lung tumors, neoplastic nodules in the liver, a few esophageal tumors and a few nasal cavity tumors, but after a long induction time. PMID- 6538113 TI - Cisplatin-induced vomiting eliminated by ablation of the area postrema in cats. AB - Cisplatin-induced emesis was characterized using the cat as an experimental model. The incidence, latency, and number of vomiting episodes which occurred over an 8-hour period were determined for iv doses ranging from 3 to 10 mg/kg. Oscillographic recording of physiologic pressures which produce vomiting served to document the observation that 7.5 mg/kg iv was the most effective dose. This dose produced vomiting in seven animals with a latency of 71 +/- 7.04 minutes (mean +/- SE) and subsequent emetic episodes (averaging 3.86/animal) followed a linear relationship with respect to the logarithm of time. The larger dose of 10 mg/kg appeared to be less effective, because not all animals responded. Those animals that vomited in response to this dose did so only after a significantly increased latency. Four animals with longstanding lesions of area postrema were tested with cisplatin (7.5 mg/kg); all four failed to vomit during a 6-hour observation period. In addition, none of the animals exhibited the sustained malaise associated with cisplatin administration to intact animals and only one displayed any prodromal emetic signs. These findings demonstrate that the area postrema, the anatomic site of the chemoreceptor trigger zone for emesis, is essential for cisplatin-induced vomiting. Elucidation of this action suggests a possible mechanism for other emetogenic anticancer agents. PMID- 6538114 TI - Trial of vindesine, etoposide, and cisplatin in patients with previously treated, advanced-stage, non-small cell bronchogenic carcinoma. AB - Twenty-two patients with advanced-stage, non-small cell bronchogenic carcinoma were treated in a pilot study with a combination of vindesine, etoposide, and cisplatin (VEDDP). All patients had been previously treated with a non-cisplatin containing regimen and had documentation of progressive disease. Median duration of VEDDP therapy was 2.6 months. Only one patient had a minor response. Median survival from start of protocol therapy was 3.7 months; the overall survival from start of primary therapy was 13.5 months. The only significant variable possibly affecting survival was achieving a minor response or stable disease (5.0 months for minor response/stable disease from start of VEDDP vs 3.2 months for progressive disease, P = 0.016). Hematologic toxicity was moderate to severe in 14 patients and prevented completion of two full cycles in seven patients. We conclude that VEDDP is ineffective in inducing a response in patients with refractory, advanced-stage non-small cell bronchogenic carcinoma in the dose and kinetic schema used in this pilot study. PMID- 6538115 TI - Enhancement of cisplatin nephrotoxicity by probenecid. PMID- 6538117 TI - A unique connective tissue structure in the aortic media of the chicken. AB - The interstitium between smooth muscle cells in the media of the abdominal aorta of the chicken contains basement membranes, glycosaminoglycan, stout elastic fibers, extensive bundles of collagenous fibers, and a unique striated structure. In cross section, this striated, hexagonal structure resembles a honeycomb, each hexagon consisting of 6 isosceles triangles. Microtubule-like structures are present at each corner and center of a hexagon, and 3 delicate filaments are located equidistantly between putative microtubules. The periodicity evident in longitudinal section is the result of a constant repetition of microtubule-like elements. From staining with phosphotungstic acid it appears that the striated connective tissue structures are proteinacous and might serve as a reinforcing structure where smooth muscle cells are separated by dilated extracellular spaces. PMID- 6538116 TI - Diurnal variations in myeloid bodies of the newt retinal pigment epithelium. AB - Myeloid bodies (MBs) occur in the newt (Notophthalmus viridescens) retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and are similar to areas of specialized endoplasmic reticulum found in a variety of other cell types. The function of these structures is unknown, although a role in lipid metabolism has been strongly suggested. Random samples from conventionally-fixed and sectioned newt RPE, obtained over a 24-hr cycle (LD 12:12), were examined by electron microscopy. Myeloid bodies appear as stacks of flattened endoplasmic reticulum-associated saccules which increase in length and number as the RPE accumulates shed outer segment material, prior to increase in the amount of stored lipid. Associations of MBs with the nuclear envelope can be related to this increased length. Myeloid bodies decrease numerically in the cell as phagosomes are removed from the cytoplasm, but a decrease in mean sectional MB area, seen in the light phase, is counteracted in darkness where individual MBs are larger than those found in the light. The total sectional area of MBs within a cell and their mean length varied depending on the lighting condition; differences were also found between eyes after extended periods of continuous light and dark. Ribosomes were found in association with the surfaces of both flattened and circular MBs, but they were consistently more densely associated with the shorter concave surfaces of curved regions. A new hypothesis for MB function is presented, which is concerned with their role in isolating toxic lipids such as retinoids, which are accumulated during phagocytosis of shed outer segment tips, and which are capable of disrupting membrane-bound systems necessary for their eventual metabolism and safe storage. PMID- 6538118 TI - Expression of human cardiac actin in mouse L cells: a sarcomeric actin associates with a nonmuscle cytoskeleton. AB - A cloned human cardiac actin gene, introduced into mouse Ltk- cells, is expressed in several thymidine kinase (tk)-positive cotransfectants. The clones not only produce authentic polyadenylated human cardiac actin mRNA but also synthesize human cardiac actin protein. The cardiac actin protein, normally found only in myofibrils, is stably accumulated at a high level, about one-third that of the endogenous mouse beta-actin. Furthermore, this sarcomeric protein partitions between the Triton X-100 insoluble and soluble phases to the same extent as the endogenous beta-actin. This suggests that a sarcomeric actin can participate in the formation of Triton X-100-insoluble cytoskeletal structures. PMID- 6538119 TI - Recurrent nocturnal asthma after bronchoprovocation with Western Red Cedar sawdust: association with acute increase in non-allergic bronchial responsiveness. AB - Recurrent nocturnal asthma following a single exposure to Western Red Cedar sawdust was documented by measurements of peak flow rates in two sensitized subjects. The nocturnal asthma followed a dual asthmatic response in the first subject and a late (non-immediate) asthmatic response in the second. Both subjects developed a 10-fold reduction in the dose of histamine required to decrease the FEV1 by 20%. This cedar-induced increase in non-specific bronchial reactivity was maximal at the time of the recurrent nocturnal asthma, and persisted after nocturnal asthma had ceased and after FEV1 had returned to normal. We hypothesize that the enhanced non-specific bronchial reactivity which occurs following late asthmatic responses to bronchial challenge is the cause of recurrent nocturnal asthma following single exposure to a sensitizing agent. PMID- 6538120 TI - Skin disorders and vitamin A metabolism disturbances in chronic dialysis patients: the role of zinc, retinol-binding protein, retinol and retinoic acid. AB - The authors have studied--in the plasma--the changes of zinc, retinol binding protein (RBP), retinol and retinoic acid with reference to the dermatological status of fifty chronically haemodialysed renal insufficiency patients divided into four subgroups (normal skin, dry skin, dry skin with keratosis, and only keratosis). The results of these groups were compared to those of thirty healthy subjects. The values of these variables do not show any significant difference in function of the dermatological subgroups; but, despite the considerable rise in the retinol binding protein and retinol levels in comparison with the controls (haemodialysis patients: RBP = 11.77 +/- 2.83 mumol X l(-1), retinol = 7 +/- 2.57 mumol X l(-1); controls; RBP = 2.76 +/- 0.62 mumol X l(-1), retinol = 2.16 +/- 0.53 mumol X l(-1] the electromicroscopic examination of skin biopsy samples from some of the patients did not reveal any sign of hypervitaminosis A in the lesions. PMID- 6538121 TI - Destruction of IgG anti-A sensitized erythrocytes by mononuclear leucocytes from normal and ABO haemolytic disease affected infants. AB - Studies were undertaken to investigate the antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) activity of mononuclear leucocytes (MNL) from cord and healthy adult blood and that from infants with ABO haemolytic disease. The ADCC levels of MNL from both types of newborn blood were found to be higher than that of MNL from adult blood. The extent of ADCC was positively related to the degree of antibody sensitization of the red cells and to the effector cell target cell ratio. The ADCC activity was effected mainly by the adherent cell fraction and could be inhibited by cytochalasin B, hydrocortisone and also by high concentrations (more than 0.5 mg/ml) of non-specific free human IgG. Phagocytosis was also demonstrated to be an important mechanism in the destruction of IgG anti A coated red cells by the MNL. PMID- 6538122 TI - Immune capacity of the chicken bursectomized at 60 hr of incubation: cytoplasmic immunoglobulins and histological findings. AB - Chickens were surgically bursectomized at 60 hr of incubation, before the bursal anlage appears. Completeness of the bursectomy was confirmed at autopsy at 10 weeks of age. These embryonically bursectomized (Bx)3 chickens are known to produce immunoglobulins of IgM, IgG, and IgA classes but so far no specific antibodies have been observed even after heavy immunization. The Bx chickens had mature plasma cells in an almost normal frequency when studied at 10 weeks of age. The amount of germinal center formation in the spleen and cecal tonsils was markedly decreased when compared to the control (Co) chickens. Also, the frequency of cytoplasmic IgA-positive (c-IgA+) cells was severely decreased in the Bx animals, whereas the occurrence of c-IgG+ and c-IgM+ cells was not affected to the same extent. These findings support the hypothesis that heavy chain class switch may occur without the bursal influence, and that the bursa of Fabricius is essential only for expansion or creation of the antibody repertoire. PMID- 6538123 TI - Hepatobiliary imaging in gallstone ileus. AB - Hepatobiliary imaging was performed in a woman who, at subsequent surgery, was found to have gallstone ileus due to a large gallstone obstructing the proximal jejunum. The triad of findings (failure of the radiopharmaceutical to pass beyond the point of obstruction, marked reflux into the stomach, and nonvisualization of the gallbladder) is nonspecific but, in the appropriate clinical setting, should suggest the possibility of gallstone ileus. PMID- 6538124 TI - Neonatal isoimmune thrombocytopenia. The natural course and management and the detection of maternal antibody. AB - Isoimmune neonatal thrombocytopenia purpura (INTP) is a disease caused by platelet destruction by maternally derived antibody. Six patients were investigated. Maternal derived platelet transfusions in two patients resulted in posttransfusion platelet counts of greater than 85,000/microliter, a normal platelet survival of 7 to 10 days, and an early discharge from the hospital. In four patients, random donor platelet transfusions administered in the first week caused a transient rise of between 7 and 30,000 platelets per microliter with a return to pretransfusion levels 24 to 48 hours later, confirming the ineffectiveness of this form of treatment. Corticosteroid therapy is not effective and because of its potential toxicity should not be recommended for use in INTP. Platelet antigen was identified in the parents, and maternal sensitization was proven by the presence of platelet specific antibody. Severity of the disorder was estimated by the initial platelet count and the duration in weeks for the platelet count to rise above 100,000/microliter. Lymphocytotoxicity and immune lysis, as measured by the 51Chromium release assay, did not show an obvious relationship with the severity of the disorder. In our patients, high scores in the platelet suspension immunofluorescence test related to a more severe disorder, but a larger series would be necessary to confirm this finding. PMID- 6538125 TI - Congenital hyperextension of the knees in twins. AB - Bilateral congenital hyperextension of the knees occurring in dizygotic twins is reported. Twin A had the mild form of the disease, genu recurvatum, while twin B had a more severe form of the disease, congenital subluxation. Hyperextension of the knee may occur as a sporadic abnormality, in conjunction with multiple dislocations or as a feature of a syndrome. Early detection and diagnosis are important, especially in the more severe forms of the condition, subluxation and dislocation, which require aggressive immediate intervention to prevent long-term sequelae. Conservative treatment consisting of manipulations and immobilization usually will correct the mild forms of the condition if instituted soon after birth. Prognosis is less favorable with delayed treatment, in the presence of other congenital anomalies, and with genetic syndromes. PMID- 6538126 TI - Kinetics of sodium thiosulfate, a cisplatin neutralizer. AB - Sodium thiosulfate kinetics were studied in eight subjects, six of whom were given the drug as a cisplatin neutralizer. Thiosulfate at a dose of 12 gm/m2 was injected by continuous intravenous infusion over 6 hr. Under these conditions, steady-state plasma concentrations were not achieved and apparent volume of distribution could not be calculated. The drug was eliminated from plasma by first-order kinetics, and the data best fit a one-compartment kinetic model with a t1/2 (mean +/- SD) of 80 +/- 38 min. Total body thiosulfate clearance was 190 +/- 76 ml/min/m2 and renal clearance was 50 +/- 11 ml/min/m2. The plasma elimination t1/2 and renal thiosulfate clearance correlated poorly with clearance of endogenous creatinine. Only 28.5% +/- 9.4% of the thiosulfate was recovered unchanged in the urine. Urinary excretion was rapid, with approximately 95% of recoverable drug eliminated within 4 hr after termination of the infusion. No toxic effects of thiosulfate were observed. These data provide the basis for the rational development of dose schedules when sodium thiosulfate is used as a cisplatin neutralizer. PMID- 6538127 TI - Long-term monitoring of arterial pO2 in burned patients. AB - Five patients, who were treated in a special ward for burns were followed by continuous intra-arterial pO2 monitoring for a total of 1612 h (range 13-604 h). The pao2 catheter electrodes used were surface-heparinized, and inserted either in the radial or the femoral artery. Some electrodes were accidentally withdrawn. Recalibration was performed for two of the 10 electrodes used. These electrodes presented a changed sensitivity after heavy stretching of the sensor during the nursing. The sensitivity of one of these electrodes was altered downwards and the other one upwards. After recalibration the pao2 electrodes presented accurate values for the rest of the monitoring period. Without compensation for drift, the pao2 electrode readout was compared to the results of traditional blood-gas analysis, which served as a reference. The regression function found was y = 0.62 + 1.04 chi (r = 0.93, SD = 1.40, n = 60). The blood flow velocity around some of the pao2 electrodes was studied by the pulsed Doppler technique. There was no influence of the surface-heparinized pao2 electrode on the femoral artery blood flow velocity as compared to the contralateral, non-catheterized femoral artery. The blood flow velocity proximal to a traditional radial artery catheter was compared to the flow velocity in the contralateral radial artery containing a surface-heparinized pao2 electrode. The surface-heparinized electrode did not decrease the mean flow velocity in contrast with the traditional radial artery catheter, which had to be withdrawn after 8 days because of clotting. The surface heparinized catheter electrode was still monitoring pao2 accurately after 25 days in the artery, which was the longest period studied for a particular sensor. PMID- 6538128 TI - The relative isometric strength of type I and type II muscle fibres in the human quadriceps. AB - In isometric contractions, the type II fibres of animal muscle may have a greater specific strength than the type I fibres. This paper reports two retrospective analyses of the influence of fibre-type composition on the ratio of the voluntary isometric strength of the quadriceps to its cross-sectional area at mid-thigh. In 15 normal quadriceps, the ratio of the muscle's strength to its cross-sectional area was weakly correlated with the percentage contribution of type II fibres to a biopsy from the lateral mass of the muscle (r = 0.55, P less than 0.05). Linear regression suggested that type II fibres might have about three times the specific strength of type I fibres. Measurements of the atrophied quadriceps of 11 patients with unilateral knee injury/immobilization were standardized by comparison with the contralateral muscles. Strength/cross-sectional area was again correlated with the percentage area as type II fibres (r = 0.62, P less than 0.05). The data suggested that type II fibres might have about twice the specific strength of type I fibres. Despite the wide confidence limits of each of the analyses, they agree that, in isometric contractions, the type II fibres of the human quadriceps seem stronger, for their cross-sectional area, than the type I fibers. PMID- 6538129 TI - Overestimation of inspiratory upper airway resistance. AB - Inspiratory resistance was found to be 10-50% larger than the expiratory in a model of the upper airways. This was most likely caused by a high kinetic energy component in the airstream close to the constriction reducing the lateral pressure in excess of what could be explained by the frictional pressure drop. Consequently, the inspiratory resistance was overestimated. During expiratory flow, on the other hand, the kinetic energy component at the same site in the trachea was smaller and similar to that in the mouthpiece resulting in an apparently adequate assessment of expiratory resistance. These results may explain why previous authors have found equal inspiratory and expiratory upper airway resistance although the vocal cords abduct during inspiration and adduct during expiration. Pressures obtained by means of the tracheal puncture appeared to be more reliable compared to those obtained from puncture of the cricothyroid membrane. PMID- 6538130 TI - Renal blood flow and metabolism after cold ischaemia: peroperative measurements in patients with calculi. AB - Peroperative measurements of renal blood flow (RBF), renal O2-uptake, and renal venous lactate/pyruvate (L/P) ratio were performed before and after a period of 30-71 min of hypothermic (10-15 degrees C) renal ischaemia in nine patients, undergoing surgery for renal calculi. Before ischaemia, RBF correlated inversely to arterial-renal venous O2-difference (r = -0.74, P less than 0.05, n = 9) and directly to the preoperatively estimated unilateral glomerular filtration rate (r = 0.76, P less than 0.05, n = 8). After hypothermic ischaemia RBF decreased on the average by 42% (P less than 0.01) immediately after re-established perfusion and 36% (P less than 0.02) 30 min later. In one additional patient, who had a short warm ischaemia (8 min), the flow pattern was the same. As arterial pressure remained constant, the reduced RBF signifies an increased renal vascular resistance. Renal O2-uptake and renal venous L/P ratio were almost constant, indicating no significant anaerobic processes being involved in the flow response. None of the patients showed any signs of reactive hyperaemia. It is concluded that hypothermic renal ischaemia may be followed by an increased renal vascular resistance even when signs of anaerobic metabolism are sparse or absent. This conception is in contrast to that gained from previous animal experiments where anaerobic processes are kept responsible for the changes. The mechanism behind the described response is unknown, but the changes are probably reversible. PMID- 6538131 TI - The effect of phototherapy on extracellular water and transvascular protein exchange in psoriasis. AB - Seven patients with stable psoriasis vulgaris were treated with phototherapy (Goeckerman or PUVA) for 3 to 4 weeks. By combining the suction blister technique with studies on labelled albumin and inulin, the intra- and extravascular fluid volumes, the leakage of albumin from the total and the skin microvasculature, and the intra- and extravascular masses of albumin were measured before and after therapy. In accordance with previous studies, a shift of fluid from the intra- to the extravascular spaces, an increased leakiness of the involved skin microvasculature, and a lowered total mass of body albumin were found before therapy. Treatment induced a minor increase of the extracellular fluid volume [mean, 6.20 +/- 1.16 l/m2 (SD) v. 6.73 +/- 0.95 l/m2 (SD), P less than 0.1], a reduced vascular leakage of albumin from the involved skin vessels, and a significant increase of the total mass of albumin [mean, 124 +/- 20 g/m2 (SD) v. 139 +/- 30 g/m2 (SD), P less than 0.05]. The other measured variables did not change significantly. It is suggested that the observed change in extracellular fluid volume was mainly due to a treatment-induced decrease of the transepidermal water loss and/or a subclinical oedema of the skin, whereas the increase in total albumin mass was due to a reduction of the catabolism of the endogenous albumin caused by the decrease in the microvascular leakiness of the involved skin vessels. PMID- 6538132 TI - Urological complications in gynecological surgery and radiotherapy. AB - Urological complications in connection with gynaecologically or obstetrically indicated operations are rare and usually only of clinical importance when they are not recognized and treated during the operation or in the immediate postoperative period. In such cases, for example, a ureteral lesion can result in loss of the function of the ipsilateral kidney, which is particularly serious when the primary operation was carried out for a benign primary disease. The aim of the present study was therefore to demonstrate to the gynaecologist above all the preventive and diagnostic measures serving to prevent lesions to the efferent urinary pathways or to aid their immediate diagnosis. Amongst the preventive measures is included first a discussion of the pelvic anatomy which, in consideration of the special problems involved in the preparation of the caudal ureter in extended abdominal hysterectomy, is supplemented by experimental and clinical studies on vascularization of the ureters. This section also includes a detailed description of the topographic and sometimes functional divergences of the urinary tract from the norm under physiological and pathological conditions, such as are typically encountered in gynaecologico-obstetric patients, since these deviations predispose patients towards urological complications during surgical interventions. The diagnostic measures include above all the dye tests which can be performed without special technical equipment, and radiological examinations. The radiological tests are illustrated by examples selected from some 300 urograms taken over the past 20 years. The data reported in the literature on the lesions to the efferent urinary pathways are supplemented by data from about 4,000 case histories of patients treated at the Zurich University Gynaecological Clinic by surgery or radiotherapy between 1960 and 1980. The possibilities of a synoptic evaluation of the complication rates of such cases reported in the literature, or a comparison with personal experience, are very limited, since not only is the patient material under consideration very heterogeneous, but in many cases there are sometimes very considerable differences in the preventive measures implemented, in the surgical techniques, in the surgical radicality, and--in the case of combined surgery and radiotherapy -in the treatment plans and types of irradiation. The guidelines relating to the treatment of lesions to the efferent urinary pathways caused by surgery or radiotherapy are presented in detail insofar as they are of importance for the gynaecologist as immediate measures.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6538133 TI - Morphologic evaluation of vitreous collagen after penetrating ocular injury. AB - Condensation and contraction of the vitreous have been implicated in the development of vitreoretinal traction and traction retinal detachment after penetrating ocular injury. In this study, using the inorganic dye ruthenium-red, we studied ultrastructural changes in vitreous in the rabbit eye after standard penetrating injury and intravitreal blood injection. In normal rabbit vitreous the collagen fibrils have a regular arrangement. In contrast, after a penetrating injury the collagen fibrils appear focally condensed. While it appears unlikely that such a network could alone produce tractional or directional forces, these alterations along the collagen fibrils could provide a scaffold along which contractile cells migrate into the vitreous. PMID- 6538134 TI - Replication variants of the human inactive X chromosome. II. Frequency and replication rate relative to the other chromosomes of the complement. AB - Replication variants of the inactive X chromosome were investigated in lymphocytes from six donors by means of terminal BrdU or thymidine incorporation. There were interindividual differences in the incidence of particular variants. In endoreduplicated and tetraploid cells both allocyclic X chromosomes showed the same replication sequence. The Xp22 band of the allocyclic X chromosome seemed to replicate later than the homologous material in some cells. Initiation time of DNA synthesis within the inactive X chromosome was found to be stable; termination time, however, varied greatly relative to the other chromosomes. Early completion of replication within the heterochromatic X chromosome could be demonstrated preferentially for the Xq25-27 terminal sequence, but other variants expressed the phenomenon also. A variable replication rate of the inactive X chromosome is believed to be responsible for its asynchronous, independent replication. The biological significance of the phenomenon is discussed with respect to cell differentiation. PMID- 6538135 TI - Structural and functional alterations of lipid-depleted ascites tumor cells in culture. AB - Ascites tumor cells growth-arrested in lipid-depleted medium were modified with respect to their lipid composition, i.e. mainly cholesterol and the phospholipid fraction. These so-called lipid-depleted cells were generally smaller, had a surface area reduced by 55% compared to the control cells and had an altered cell surface architecture with large parts being smooth, interrupted by isolated bundles of microvilli and blebs as revealed by scanning electron microscopy. This deorganization process of the cells. Lectin-induced agglutination and receptor binding capacity was reduced, and also the receptor distribution was changed resulting in a cap-like formation on the surface as shown with FITC-labelled concanavalin A. The reduction in lipid content yielding a lower C/P ratio profoundly decreased the plasma membrane fluidity which was determined by fluorescence polarization measurements. Studies on fatty acid and cholesterol de novo synthesis revealed only small increases under lipid-free conditions not sufficient to meet the requirements of the lipid-depleted cells for these substances. It is therefore concluded that ascites tumor cells need exogenous preformed lipids for adequate functioning of the cell. PMID- 6538136 TI - The intermediate filament complement of the retina: a comparison between different mammalian species. AB - We compared the intermediate filament expression of the various cell types in the fully differentiated neural retina from rat, mouse, rabbit, guinea pig, cow, pig, and cat. Many cell types had an intermediate filament complement conserved across species boundaries, such as Muller cells and retinal ganglion cells. In some species (rabbit, guinea pig, and cow), however, we were unable to visualize GFA (glial fibrillary acidic)-positive retinal astrocytes, although such profiles were clearly visible in the remainder. Horizontal cell staining proved to be extremely species-variable. In rat and mouse the processes of these cells were identically displayed with antibodies to vimentin and all three neurofilament triplet proteins. In cow they decorated with antibodies to vimentin and antibodies to the two lower molecular weight neurofilament proteins alone, whereas in pig, rabbit and guinea pig all three neurofilament proteins but not vimentin were present. Finally cat horizontal cells stained for all three neurofilament proteins, some finer processes being additionally stainable with vimentin. A further surprise was the visualization of profiles positive only for the two lower molecular weight neurofilament proteins in the inner nuclear layer of both rabbit and guinea pig retina but not the other species. The implications of these results will be discussed. PMID- 6538137 TI - The Tay syndrome (congenital ichthyosis with trichothiodystrophy). AB - We report a 5-year-old boy affected with the Tay syndrome, and give a review of 12 pertinent cases previously reported under various designations. The Tay syndrome is a distinct type of congenital ichthyosis characterized by a peculiar anomaly of hair growth which has been termed trichothiodystrophy. The hair shafts are extremely brittle, and they show alternating light and dark banding when examined microscopically between polarizing filters. Other features of this syndrome are low birth weight, short stature, mental retardation, delayed neuromuscular development and other CNS anomalies, dysplasia of nails, hypoplasia of subcutaneous fatty tissue, prematurely aged facial appearance, hypogonadism, cataracts, osteosclerosis, dysphonia, and increased susceptibility to infections. The syndrome is inherited as an autosomal recessive trait. We delineate the criteria for distinguishing this gene defect from other types of congenital ichthyosis associated with disturbed hair growth, as well as from other types of trichothiodystrophy which are not associated with ichthyosis. PMID- 6538139 TI - Ca2+- and Mg-ATP-dependent shape change of human erythrocyte ghosts and triton shells. AB - Human erythrocyte membranes (ghosts) prepared from fresh blood changed in shape from spherical to crenated, when suspended in 10(-7)-10(-6) M Ca2+-EGTA buffers. Although the ghosts from long-stored ACD blood (10 weeks) were less sensitive to 10(-7)-10(-6) M Ca2+, the ghosts obtained from this blood after it had been preincubated with adenine and inosine for 3 h at 37 degrees C were highly sensitive to Ca2+. When these highly sensitive ghosts were incubated in 10 mM Tris-Cl buffer (pH 7.4) or 1 mM MgCl2 (pH 7.4) at 0 degrees C, they gradually lost Ca2+ sensitivity within 60 min, but they recovered Ca2+ sensitivity again after re-incubation with 2 mM Mg-ATP for 20 min at 37 degrees C followed by washing with 1 mM MgCl2 (pH 7.4). The shape of these highly Ca2+-sensitive ghosts immediately changed from crenate to disc on addition of 1 mM Mg-ATP even at 6 degrees C in the presence of 10(-7)-10(-6) M Ca2+. A similar shape change was also observed when ghosts treated with 0.5% Triton X-100 (Triton shells) were used. Triton shells from fresh blood ghosts or from long-stored blood ghosts which had been preincubated with 2 mM Mg-ATP for 20 min at 37 degrees C shrank immediately in the presence of 10(-6) M Ca2+ and then swelled on addition of 1 mM Mg-ATP. The specificity to ATP and the dependency on ATP concentration are in agreement with those of the ghost shape change at step 2 (Jinbu, Y. et al., Biochem biophys res commun 112 (1983) 384-390) [18]. These results suggest that cytoskeletal protein phosphorylation enhances sensitivity to Ca2+ and induces erythrocyte shape change in the presence of physiological concentrations of ATP and Ca2+. PMID- 6538138 TI - Thyroid hormone unresponsiveness in two siblings with intrauterine growth retardation exophthalmos. AB - Two cases of a brother and a sister with thyroid hormone unresponsiveness are described. They had large goiters and high levels of thyroid hormones in the face of clinical euthyroidism. The birth weight of the brother was low for his gestational age. He was also lean and exophthalmic, as is often seen in Graves' disease. PMID- 6538140 TI - Protein synthesis in lactating guinea-pig mammary tissue perfused in vitro. I. Radiolabelling of membrane and secretory proteins. AB - A method for the in vitro perfusion of isolated guinea-pig mammary tissue is described that allows the radiolabelling of secretory and membrane proteins. Glands were depleted of methionine, labelled with [35S]methionine for 5 min and perfused with medium containing an excess of unlabelled methionine for varying times. The structural integrity of the alveoli in the perfused glands appeared well maintained. Epithelial polarity was preserved and junctional complexes were evident. About 20% of the methionine provided in the medium was extracted by glands of 10 g wet weight under the labelling conditions employed. With chase periods from 15 to 40 min, 50-70% of the methionine was incorporated into trichloroacetic-acid (TCA)-precipitable material. The principal radiolabelled proteins recovered from the tissue fractions had Mrs and isoelectric points similar to the major secretory proteins (i.e. caseins and alpha-lactalbumin) of guinea-pig milk. Autoradiography of tissue sections at the resolution of the light microscope showed that secretory proteins were transported from sites of synthesis within secretory cells to the alveolar lumina after 45 min. These highly labelled secretory proteins could be almost completely removed from microsomal fractions by treatment with sodium carbonate solutions. Proteins with Mrs from 30 000 to 200 000 were detected in the washed membranes by SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and fluorography. These labelled membrane-associated proteins persisted in the microsomal membrane fraction after chase periods from 7.5 to 40 min. PMID- 6538141 TI - Protein synthesis in lactating guinea-pig mammary tissue perfused in vitro. II. Biogenesis of milk-fat-globule membrane proteins. AB - Guinea-pig mammary tissue was perfused in vitro, radiolabelled with [35S]methionine and intracellular protein precursors of the milk-fat-globule membrane (FGM) recovered by immunoabsorption techniques. Labelled xanthine oxidase was solely detected in post-microsomal supernatants and butyrophilin in carbonate-washed membranes. A major glycoprotein (Gp 55), was initially present in a membrane-bound form, but after longer perfusion times a fraction of this protein was recovered in the post-microsomal supernatant. These results are discussed with reference to formation of the apically-derived FGM. PMID- 6538142 TI - Cortical and subcortical EEG patterns during moderate-intensity barbiturate withdrawal. AB - Electroencephalograms were recorded from cortical and subcortical brain regions during moderate-intensity barbiturate withdrawal in the cat. Physical dependence was produced by administration of Na-barbital by the "low dose barbiturate" treatment schedule. During moderate-intensity withdrawal, the EEG pattern showed 4- to 6-Hz rhythmic bursts in the hippocampus, visual cortex, auditory cortex, motor cortex, nucleus centralis centralis of the thalamus, caudate nucleus, and lateral geniculate body. The bursts in the hippocampus were spike-and-wave type. In animals which had spontaneous seizures, 4- to 6-Hz bursts occurred in the motor cortex, whereas this abnormality did not occur in the motor cortex in animals which did not have spontaneous generalized seizures. In addition, prolonged high-frequency, high-voltage discharges and spikes were recorded from the amygdala during withdrawal. Spontaneous generalized or partial seizures occurred during withdrawal; the abnormal EEG patterns associated with seizures appeared to originate in various subcortical sites. Perhaps the most important result was the finding that no one brain region or set of brain regions seemed to be specifically involved in barbiturate withdrawal. PMID- 6538143 TI - Volatile compounds associated with estrus in mouse urine: potential pheromones. AB - Female mice that had been made estrous through hormone implantation excreted in their urine significantly enhanced levels of n-pentyl acetate, cis-2-penten-1-yl acetate, p-toluidine, 2-heptanone, and 3 unsaturated ketones. The relationship of these volatiles to a signaling function of the estrous urine is postulated. Structural elucidations of these compounds were carried out through capillary gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and the synthesis of authentic samples. PMID- 6538144 TI - Primary structure of a high Mr form of rat atrial natriuretic factor. AB - During the purification of rat atrial natriuretic factor (ANF), low, intermediate and high Mr forms were observed. In this report we describe the purification and amino acid sequence of a 73 residue peptide containing at its C-terminus the previously sequenced 33 amino acid ANF peptide. The cleavage necessary to produce the 33 amino acid ANF from the 73 amino acid precursor occurs at a Leu-Leu bond. We also report the amino acid composition of an even longer form of ANF containing about 103 residues, in which the extension is amino terminal to the 73 peptide. A computer data bank search showed that the determined sequence is a novel one and is not homologous to any known proteins or segment thereof. The natriuretic activity of the 73 amino acid form when compared to that of a synthetic ANF peptide, comprising the sequence of the last 26 amino acids of ANF, was found to be slightly lower. PMID- 6538145 TI - Collaborative study of pregnancy rates following danazol therapy of stage I endometriosis. AB - Pregnancy rates following danazol therapy of endometriosis vary widely. In order to reduce variations in patient selection and establish danazol effectiveness, six collaborative centers evaluated 75 infertile patients with normal infertility screening studies and mild (stage I) endometriosis documented by laparoscopy. Following diagnosis and 3 months coital exposure, all patients were treated with danazol for 6 months, and patient surveillance after danazol therapy lasted at least 12 months, with a range of 12 to 34 months. Of the 75 patients treated, 21 (28%) conceived, and the term pregnancy rate was 20% (15 of 75). The low pregnancy rate observed in these patients suggests that the role of danazol therapy for patients with mild endometriosis and infertility should be reconsidered. PMID- 6538146 TI - Human vaginal pH and sexual arousal. AB - The surface pH of the vagina was measured before and after sexual arousal by self stimulation in ten healthy women. The mean value of six spots measured and pH measured in collected vaginal fluid was highly correlated. Two-way analysis of variance showed a mean increase of pH after orgasm (significant at the 0.5% level). The Wilcoxon matched-pairs test and a paired t-test showed a significant increase in three and four of the subjects, respectively, and a decrease in pH in one other subject. It is concluded that in the present laboratory setting, clitoral self-stimulation to orgasm only results in small changes of the vaginal surface pH. PMID- 6538147 TI - Transurethral resection for ejaculatory duct stenosis and oligospermia. AB - Four patients with oligospermia were treated for ejaculatory obstruction after diagnosis by semen analysis and vasography. Ejaculatory obstruction was caused by urethral catheterization or infection in all cases. Transurethral resection of the posterior prostatic urethra produced fertile levels of sperm in the semen in one patient. While success rates are low, low morbidity and possible use of sperm for in vitro fertilization make investigation and treatment of these patients worthwhile. PMID- 6538148 TI - 'Composites'--an aberrant structure of the collagen fibril. AB - Ultrastructural investigations are presented concerning the 'composite'-like collagen changes in different kinds of connective tissue diseases. Most impressing findings were observed in processes causing an extensive elastotic degeneration. The morphology of the 'composite'-like collagen changes is described, and some hypotheses are discussed with regard to the pathomechanism of their generation. PMID- 6538150 TI - Progressive growth of human genitourinary cancer cell lines in young nude rats. PMID- 6538149 TI - Nude mice of different strains in parabiosis for prolonged periods of time. PMID- 6538151 TI - Development of cerebellar astroglia: transitions in form and cytoskeletal content. AB - The forms, disposition, and cytoskeletal contents of astroglia in immature mouse cerebellum were studied by immunocytochemical staining with antisera against two intermediate filament proteins, vimentin (Vim) (58,000 daltons) and glial filament protein (GF) (51,000 daltons). From embryonic (E) Day 15 to postnatal (P) Day 2, Vim is expressed in cells throughout the cerebellar anlage, including radial glia and Bergmann fibers, cells with amorphous shapes and 2-3 processes, and thick longitudinal elements oriented parallel to axons within axon tracts. GF is not expressed during the first few postnatal days, but by P7, there is a dramatic increase in GF-positive astrocyte-like cells in the putative white matter that are more densely stained and more crowded than at any other age. Between P7 and P14 all astrocytes throughout the cerebellum express both Vim and GF. From P21 on, Vim expression is progressively rarer in all astrocytes except for Bergmann fibers, and GF-positive astrocytes become less numerous. These findings raise two issues: (a) the lineage and relationships of cells expressing Vim and GF; (b) Since GF-positive cells appear as axon ingrowth ceases, axons must grow in a terrain comprised of glial cells that have a different cytoskeletal composition (vimentin), reflecting a less differentiated state, than mature astrocytes or than the GF-rich astrocytes that proliferate after injury in adult CNS. PMID- 6538152 TI - Sex and strain differences in the developmental activity profile of the rat tested over clean vs home cage bedding. AB - In the first of two experiments, CD rat litters were used to characterize activity patterns obtained in a size-adjustable, single photodetector chamber. Beginning on postnatal Day 10 or 12, pups were tested repeatedly over clean bedding (C) or over bedding removed from each pup's home cage (HC). In C rats of both sexes and in HC females, short-term activity levels peaked on Day 16. However, HC males displayed an earlier and even greater elevation in activity from Day 12 to 16. This overall pattern was found in rats tested either every second or fourth day. In the second experiment, Long-Evans pups were assigned to each testing condition (C vs HC) and activity measured beginning on Day 12. Peak levels were seen in all Long-Evans rats on Day 16 and only females showed significant alterations as a function of bedding condition. When overall activity levels of the two strains were compared, significant differences were found on Days 12, 24, 30, and 120 in males, and 12, 24, and 30 in females. Significant differences between strains in activity as a function of bedding condition were found in males on Days 12, 20, 24, and 120 and in females on Days 12, 30, and 60. These data confirm the generality of a developmental hyperactivity phase in isolated juvenile rats. However, different patterns of hyperactivity were found in male vs female rats across strains. CD males were more active in the presence of HC olfactory cues, while in Long-Evans rats, female activity was affected more by bedding condition. PMID- 6538153 TI - [Hepatic fibrosis and portal hypertension in chronic vitamin A poisoning]. AB - The authors report the case of a 36-year-old man who was hospitalized for portal hypertension. The patient had been receiving 200 millions units of vitamin A for ten years duration as treatment of psoriasis. There were no extrahepatic signs of hypervitaminosis A and the serum concentration of vitamin A was low. Microscopic examination of a liver specimen showed: a) spontaneous fluorescence due to vitamin A accumulation in sinusoidal cells; b) portal, periportal and perisinusoidal fibrosis; c) hyperplasia and hypertrophy of Ito cells. Hepatic vitamin A concentration was markedly increased. Hemodynamic study showed increased wedged hepatic venous pressure. Low serum concentration of retinol binding protein, which could be due to severe denutrition, explained the low serum vitamin A. This case report emphasizes that severe hepatic injury due to chronic hypervitaminosis A may be observed in the absence of extrahepatic signs of vitamin A intoxication and increase in serum vitamin A concentration. In such cases, histologic examination of a liver specimen and determination of hepatic vitamin A concentration are the only means of diagnosis. PMID- 6538154 TI - Physiologic properties of steroid hormone-binding proteins in avian blood. AB - The physiologic properties of steroid hormone-binding proteins have been partially characterized in plasmas of 23 avian species (8 orders and 12 families). A specific sex hormone-binding protein (SBP) with high affinity and low capacity, as found in amphibians and some reptiles and mammals, could not be identified in any of the avian species investigated. In addition SBP appeared to be totally absent in the blood of posthatching and juvenile stages of two species, and in the embryonic blood of three species. For birds it is concluded that sex steroid hormones circulate bound to plasma albumins with low affinity (Kd = 10(-5) mol/liter) and very high capacity. There are two protein-binding systems for corticosterone in the blood of all species investigated, including samples collected from embryos. One is saturable and specific with low capacity (10(-8) -10(-9) mol/liter) and high affinity (Kd = 10(-7) -10(-9) mol/liter), whereas the other is a nonspecific component with very high capacity and low affinity (Kd = 10(-5) mol/liter). Specificity studies show that the high-affinity binding system for corticosterone also binds progesterone with virtually identical affinity, whereas testosterone and estradiol are bound with lower affinity. These data suggest that the high-affinity binding protein in avian blood has physiologic properties similar to mammalian corticosteroid-binding globulin (CBP). PMID- 6538155 TI - [Statistical analysis of the elimination of chromosome-type aberrations and the fate of the aberrant cells]. AB - The regularities of elimination of gamma-ray induced chromosome aberrations in human nonstimulated lymphocytes and the fate of aberrant cells have been studied. The cells at the first, second and third post-irradiation divisions were identified by the technique of differential staining of sister chromatids. A mathematical model has been suggested to describe the processes of formation, multiplication and death of the cells with dicentrics. This model has been shown to be in a good agreement with the experimental data. According to the model, the distribution of dicentrics among cells at the first and second mitoses follows the Poisson distribution. The analysis of the model has shown that the probability of divergence of two chromatids from one dicentric chromosome is equal 1/2, and that the acentric and monocentric types of chromosome aberrations have no influence upon cell survival in vitro. A method for empirical estimation of survival of other types of aberrations has been suggested. According to these estimates, the probabilities of transmission to the next mitosis are equal 2/3, 1 and 1/3 for paired fragments, ring chromosomes and interstitial deletions, respectively. It has been shown that approximately 1/4 of survived acentric structures can diverge to both daughter cells. PMID- 6538156 TI - [Genetic analysis of the structure of the predisposition to diabetes mellitus. II. The prevalence, morbidity and heritability of diabetes mellitus]. AB - Prevalence of diabetes mellitus (D.M.) was estimated in several Moscow districts. The prevalence increases with the age from 0.073 in males and 0.085% in females at the age of 16-19 yrs to 4.9 in males and 6.2% in females at the age of 75 yrs and older. The overall prevalence of D.M. was 1.12%. The morbidity risks have the same patterns of increase: from 0.007 and 0.008% at the age of 0-4 yrs to 1.6 and 2.7% at the age of 75 yrs and older in males and females, respectively. The values of "cumulative" morbidity risk, for the population living long enough, derived from the estimates of age-specific morbidity risks were 6.57 for males and 11.93% for females. The estimate of correlation between first-degree relatives at onset-age of D.M. was 0.307. Accounted for the age-at-onset of the probands and for current ages of siblings, the estimates of recurrence risks, i.e. the probability to develop D.M. for siblings living long enough, were: 27.28 for sisters of the male-probands, 21.59 for sisters of the female-probands, 19.28 for brothers of male-probands and 9.62% for brothers of the female-probands. Thus, the family distribution of D.M., according to the sex of the probands and that of their relatives corresponds to the multifactorial model of inheritance for the diseases with sex-specific thresholds. The estimates of correlation in liability and that of heritability of D.M. calculated from the data on sibs, were 0.284 +/- 0.0351 and 0.568 +/- 0.0702, respectively. The data obtained show that hereditary factors play an essential role in the development of D.M. These results are of a practical interest for genetic counselling, as well as for establishing the preventive measures in the Public Health Service. PMID- 6538157 TI - [Polymorphism of the heterochromatic regions of chromosomes 1, 9, 16 and Y and mental retardation]. AB - Polymorphism of the heterochromatic regions (HR) on chromosomes 1, 9, 16 and in three groups of boys at the age of 3 to 14 years was studied. Two groups of boys with olygophrenia of unknown etiology differed by the extent of mental defect, the latter being debility in 50 children, while other 50 children had the profound mental defect. The control group consisted of 50 healthy children. The chromosome sets of all 150 children were normal. The comparative analysis of chromosome polymorphism of C-segments did not reveal any difference between the controls and the children with a slight degree of mental defect. The children with profound mental defect had reduced lengths and variability of C-segments on the chromosomes studied. The problem of relationship between the criteria of patients selection and the results of the study are discussed. The expedience of further investigation of HR polymorphism in patogenetically homogenous groups of children with mental defect is emphasized. PMID- 6538158 TI - [Intervariant transduction in Bacillus thuringiensis]. AB - This report deals with intervariant transduction in strains of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp, dendrolimus and galleriae with bacteriophage Tg13. This bacteriophage has a broad host range and is of a large DNA molecular mass (40.3 mD). Transducing properties of this bacteriophage were studied in Bacillus thuringiensis var. galleriae using auxotrophic mutants requiring purine and pyrimidine bases or tryptophan as recipients. The frequency of transduction was 10(-5)-10(-6). In order to prove the possibility of intervariant transduction, two series of experiments have been conducted. In the first case, bacteriophage tg13 has been propagated on the prototrophic strain 49-18 (var. dendrolimus), 48gua (var. galleriae) being used as a recipient. In the second case, the prototrophic strain 69-6 (var. galleriae) served as a donor and 49-18-1 trp (var. dendrolimus) - as a recipient. The frequency of heterologous transduction was 10( 7). The positive result obtained in cross-transduction experiments may be explained by common metabolic pathways of purine and pyrimidine bases and amino acids in strains of different serotypes. PMID- 6538159 TI - [Anopheles atroparvus strains with induced chromosome rearrangements]. AB - Three radiation induced heterozygous chromosomal rearrangements and the methods of their induction and maintenance are described. The possibility of theoretical and practical use of strains with rearrangements is considered. PMID- 6538160 TI - A rapid method for estimating nitrate in biological samples using gas chromatography with a flame-ionization detector or a thermal energy analyzer. AB - A simple, rapid method for estimating the nitrate content of biological samples was developed and tested. The method was based on the nitration of benzene under acidic conditions. The resulting nitrobenzene was analysed by gas chromatography with either a flame ionization detector (FID) or a Thermal Energy Analyzer (TEA) for detection. Recovery of nitrate added to urine, blood, saliva or faeces was 96, 97, 96 and 98%, respectively. Coefficients of variation for repeated analyses ranged from 2.2% for saliva to 12% for blood. Sensitivity was of the order of 0.5 1.5 mg/kg for the FID and 0.02-0.05 mg/kg for the TEA. PMID- 6538161 TI - Effect of some phthalate esters and other testicular toxins on primary cultures of testicular cells. AB - Mixed cultures of Sertoli and germ cells were prepared from rat testes and their response to some model testicular toxins was studied. Cultures consisted of a monolayer of Sertoli cells to which clusters of spermatocytes and spermatogonia adhered. With time in culture, germ cells progressively detached from the Sertoli cells into the medium. Addition of mono-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP) to the culture medium resulted in a concentration-dependent increase in the rate of germ cell detachment over the range 10(-7) - 10(-4) M. No such effect was produced by di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate or 2-ethylhexanol. An increased rate of germ-cell detachment was also produced by other phthalate monoesters known to cause testicular damage in vivo, whereas similar concentrations of a number of monophthalates not known to affect the testis in vivo had no such effect on the cultures. Known age and species differences in the testicular toxicity of di-(2 ethylhexyl) phthalate could be reproduced in cultures treated with MEHP. There was little effect on the viability of either germ cells or Sertoli cells at concentrations of MEHP that caused marked germ-cell detachment, but there were changes in Sertoli-cell morphology. Increased germ-cell detachment was also observed in cultures treated with 10(-7) - 10(-4) M-AF1312/TS, a compound that affects Sertoli cells in vivo, but was not seen in cultures exposed to a range of other testicular toxins with different target cells in the testis. Thus, the effects produced by phthalate monoesters in vitro may reflect damage to the Sertoli cells. Testicular cell cultures could be of value both for screening compounds and for studying underlying mechanisms of testicular toxicity. PMID- 6538162 TI - Kinetics and bioavailability of N-nitrosodiethanolamine after intravenous and cutaneous administration to rats. AB - Male CD-COBS rats were given N-nitrosodiethanolamine (NDELA) by intravenous or cutaneous administration at a dose of 5 mg/kg. Blood and liver were analysed for NDELA at various times after administration. The excretion of unchanged NDELA and its acidic metabolite N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-N-carboxymethylnitrosamine (ECMN) was determined in urine for 24 hr after treatment. The semilogarithmic blood concentration-time plot after iv injection showed a triphasic profile indicating that a three-compartment model may adequately describe the kinetics of this compound. After cutaneous application NDELA was rapidly absorbed through the skin, and the absolute bioavailability was calculated to be 27% from blood data, and to be 32% (NDELA + ECMN) from urine data. Hepatic NDELA levels reflected blood levels after both treatments, indicating that this organ does not accumulate NDELA to a significant extent. Urinary excretion of unchanged NDELA after iv and cutaneous administration was 83 and 25% of the administered dose, respectively. ECMN excretion was 4.9 and 2.5% of the administered dose after iv and cutaneous administration, respectively. PMID- 6538163 TI - The pathogenesis and effect on renal function of nephrocalcinosis induced by different diets in female rats. AB - The ability of three diets to produce nephrocalcinosis in female rats has been compared after 30, 60 and 90 days of feeding. Severe nephrocalcinosis with associated tubular damage was induced with a standard laboratory maintenance low protein diet and with a diet containing a single-cell protein (Pruteen) but not with a casein-containing diet. Both the Pruteen and casein diets were high protein diets. The development of the lesion was equally rapid following feeding of either the laboratory maintenance diet or the Pruteen diet. Nephrocalcinosis was present, with body kidneys similarly affected, at each 30-day interval with either diet. A severe degree of nephrocalcinosis was associated with widespread renal damage although signs of tubular regeneration and repair were evident at 30 days. Nephrocalcinosis induced by the Pruteen diet was accompanied by enlargement of the kidney. Renal function was assessed at each time by the measurement of urine volume, specific gravity and protein content, inulin clearance, and the excretion of the urinary enzymes N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase and alkaline phosphatase. Despite extensive calcification and some tubular damage, renal function was unimpaired, reflecting the capacity of the functional reserve of the kidney. PMID- 6538164 TI - Evaluation of the teratogenic potential of the oxidative dyes 6-chloro-4-nitro-2 aminophenol and o-chloro-p-phenylenediamine. AB - The oxidative dyes 6-chloro-4-nitro-2-aminophenol and o-chloro-p-phenylenediamine were administered by gavage to Sprague-Dawley rats on days 6-15 of gestation at dose levels of 87.5, 175 and 350 mg 6-chloro-4-nitro-2-aminophenol/kg body weight/day and 100, 200 and 400 mg o-chloro-p-phenylenediamine/kg/day. Maternal body-weight gain was significantly reduced by the high dose of each dye and the intermediate dose of o-chloro-p-phenylenediamine. Rats given the high dose of the latter dye showed a significant increase in resorptions and a significant decrease in foetal body weights. No embryotoxic or foetotoxic effects were observed with 6-chloro-4-nitro-2-aminophenol. Evaluation of foetuses for gross, visceral and skeletal anomalies revealed no statistically significant differences between dye-treated and vehicle-control groups but showed a significant increase (to 25-91%) in the incidence of abnormal foetuses in the group exposed to vitamin A, the positive control. PMID- 6538165 TI - Prediction of ocular irritancy potential from dermal irritation test results. AB - In a survey of the test files of Haskell Laboratory, it was found that of the materials that had been tested on rabbit skin for primary irritation or corrosivity, 60 were severe irritants or corrosive on the skin and had also been tested for ocular irritancy. Of these 60 materials only 39 were severe eye irritants, while 15 were mild irritants or non-irritants and the remainder were considered to be moderate irritants. Thus, to suggest that materials are eye irritants solely on the basis of their skin-irritation properties may be misleading, even when severe dermal irritants are considered. PMID- 6538166 TI - Chromosomal abnormalities from flavouring agents. PMID- 6538167 TI - Epidemiological studies on ingested asbestos. PMID- 6538168 TI - Effects of dietary butylated hydroxytoluene on functional and biochemical properties of platelets and plasma preceding the occurrence of haemorrhage in rats. AB - Measurements of platelet-particle concentration, platelet haematocrit and mean platelet volume showed no significant differences between control rats and rats given 1.2% butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) in the diet for 1 wk, but the platelet distribution width was significantly smaller in the rats fed BHT. By optical measurement, epinephrine-induced platelet aggregation was found to be significantly decreased in both the platelet-rich plasma and washed platelets of rats given BHT. Phosphatidylethanolamine in the platelet lipid was significantly increased by BHT treatment, while in the total lipid of the platelets, linoleic acid and eicosatrienoic acid were increased and arachidonic acid was decreased. The arachidonic/linoleic ratio was decreased by about 50% in the platelets of BHT treated rats. BHT ingestion also changed the lipid composition, the concentration of lipid hydroperoxides and the zinc content of the plasma. The relationship of the observed effects to haemostatic function is discussed. PMID- 6538170 TI - [Diagnosis of heart tumors. Angiosarcoma of the heart - clinical study using as an example intravital diagnosis of a case]. AB - It is demonstrated the extremely rare case of a primary malignant cardiac tumor, the angiosarcoma of the right atrium. Modern diagnostic methods--especially echocardiography and fine-needle-aspiration-biopsy-cytology - are discussed, showing the possibility of ensuring antimortem diagnosis. PMID- 6538169 TI - [Use of the Nd-YAG laser in the treatment of tumors in the area of the craniocervical transition]. AB - The primary symptom in patients with tumors in the region of the foramen magnum is persistent neck pain. With the use of microneurosurgical techniques and additional laser therapy, favorable operative results can be obtained. The same holds true for patients harboring difficult to approach lesions such as ventrally located tumors of the craniocervical junction or with brain stem tumors. The advantages of the Nd-Yag-laser therapy are: precise denaturation of tumor tissue with predictable depth effect; adequate delineation of tumors due to different tissue absorption properties; excellent coagulation in the presence of highly vascularized tumors; surgery markedly facilitated due to laser induced shrinkage of tumors. PMID- 6538172 TI - [Reiter's syndrome as a reactive arthritis]. PMID- 6538171 TI - [Involvement of the pericardium in rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 6538173 TI - [Social adaptation of children with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 6538174 TI - [Determination of the temperature comfort range in man using equivalent temperatures]. PMID- 6538175 TI - [The etiopathogenesis of osteoarthrosis]. PMID- 6538176 TI - Adapting discharge planning to prospective pricing. Promoting efficient use of resources and enhancing continuity of care. PMID- 6538177 TI - Business spurs UR growth. Hospitals are coming under increased scrutiny from outside utilization review. PMID- 6538178 TI - Testicular stromal tumor with myofilaments: ultrastructural comparison with normal gonadal stroma. AB - The ultrastructural features of two testicular stromal tumors were compared with those of normal gonadal stroma. The two patients with tumor were 28 and 48 years old and had no endocrine abnormalities. No metastases or recurrences occurred after 32 and 12 months of follow-up, respectively. The tumors were composed of bundles of oval to spindle-shaped cells. Ultrastructurally, intracytoplasmic myofilaments were characteristic of the tumor cells, which resembled the contractile peritubular and interfollicular cells of normal testis and ovary. In normal testicular tissue, an intertubular mesenchymal cell may differentiate into a peritubular contractile cell or into an interstitial (Leydig) cell. Therefore, testicular stromal tumors with myofilaments may originate from an intertubular mesenchymal cell that is capable of differentiating into a cell with contractile elements. PMID- 6538179 TI - An immunohistochemical study of human central and peripheral nervous system tumors, using monoclonal antibodies against neurofilaments and glial filaments. AB - Monoclonal antibodies that recognize either neurofilaments or glial filaments were used with the peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) method to retrospectively study 100 tumors of the central and peripheral nervous systems in paraffin embedded sections. Only neoplasms of putative neuronal origin or with presumed neuronal differentiation (paraganglioma, ganglioglioma, ganglioneuroblastoma, ganglioneuroma, neuroblastoma, ovarian teratoma and pheochromocytoma) contained tumor cells with immunoreactive neurofilament, but such cells were more common in the more differentiated or benign neoplasms in this category. Glial filament immunoreactivity was observed in tumor cells of glial origin and in tumor cells with foci of glial differentiation arising within the central nervous system, consistent with findings from previous studies using anti-glial-filament antisera. With the exception of a benign cystic teratoma, no glial filament immunoreactivity was observed outside the central nervous system. Some immunoreactive neurofilaments, but not glial filaments, were arranged in presumably abnormal balls, cords, or clumps within tumor cells, possibly reflecting cytoskeletal alterations related to neoplastic transformation. These findings indicate that monoclonal antibodies against intermediate filament proteins such as neurofilaments and glial filaments retain their specificity and sensitivity when employed in paraffin sections in conjunction with the peroxidase antiperoxidase method. They suggest that such reagents are useful probes for the evaluation of the histogenesis or degree of differentiation in human nervous system tumors. Finally, they permit the speculation that the analysis of the intermediate filaments of tumor cells, as contrasted with those in normal cells, may provide new insights into the biology of neoplasms. PMID- 6538180 TI - Chromosome assignment of two cloned DNA probes hybridizing predominantly to human sex chromosomes. AB - In situ hybridization experiments were carried out with two clones, YACG 35 and 2.8, which had been selected from two genomic libraries strongly enriched for the human Y chromosome. Besides the human Y chromosome, both sequences strongly hybridized to the human X chromosome, with few minor binding sites on autosomes. In particular, on the X chromosome DNA from clone YACG 35 hybridized to the centromeric region and the distal part of the short arm (Xp2.2). On the Y chromosome, the sequence was assigned to one site situated in the border region between Yq1.1 and Yq1.2. DNA from clone 2.8 also hybridized to the centromeric region of the X and the distal part of the short arm (Xp2.2). On the Y, however, two binding sites were observed (Yp1.1 and Yq1.2). The findings indicate that sex chromosomal sequences may be localized in homologous regions (as suggested from meiotic pairing) but also at ectopic sites. PMID- 6538181 TI - Hemoglobins S and C in Upper Volta. AB - We have studied the incidence of hemoglobinopathies in 1059 individuals in Upper Volta. We have found that this population has a high frequency of HbS and HbC and alpha-thalassemia. The gene frequency of HbS was high (0.1 for the beta s gene) in the arid Sahel portion of Upper Volta accompanied by a lower frequency for HbC (0.05 for the beta c gene). The reverse was true in the humid Savanna region of this country (0.03 for the beta s gene and 0.14 for the beta c gene). There was no age dependency of the HbS gene frequency, but alpha-thalassemia, detectable in HbS heterozygotes, showed a statistically significant decrease with age. No homozygote for HbS was detected after the age of 1 year, and SC and CC genotypes were found at a lower incidence than expected. The environmental and medical conditions in Upper Volta preclude the survival of SS individuals and decrease the survival of SC and CC genotypes. PMID- 6538182 TI - Maternal ageing and aneuploid embryos--evidence from the mouse that biological and not chronological age is the important influence. AB - Maternal ageing remains the overwhelming factor in the aetiology of human aneuploidy. Whether aberrant meiotic chromosome segregation in the oocyte relates causally to ovarian physiological ageing or to some factor dependent on the passage of chronological time, remains to be determined. The present experimental studies in the mouse indicate the former. An earlier cessation of reproductive life, brought on by unilateral ovariectomy in CBA females, resulted in the earlier onset of irregular cyclicity and an earlier rise in aneuploidy. The results could not be explained on the basis of the "production line" hypothesis. The clinical implications are that the probability of conceiving a Down foetus will be determined by distance in time from the approaching menopause, rather than by the chronological age of the woman per se. PMID- 6538183 TI - Neutrophil-mediated killing of Dipetalonema viteae microfilariae: simultaneous presence of IgE, IgG antibodies and complement is required. AB - Neutrophils from the peripheral washings of normal rats in the presence of sera obtained from rats immune to circulating microfilariae adhered to and killed the microfilariae of Dipetalonema viteae in vitro within 16-24 hr. No significant adherence or cytotoxicity was mediated by sera collected from animals with a high microfilaraemia or from normal rats. Ultrastructural studies show that neutrophils, which are bigger than microfilariae, can easily internalize the small larvae resulting in the disintegration of the parasite. Immunoadsorption and inhibition experiments showed that the adherence-promoting activity resides both in IgG and IgE classes of antibody. However, the mere participation of these two antibodies is not sufficient to effect neutrophil adherence towards microfilariae, the presence of complement is also required. Samples of fresh immune rat serum (fIRS) depleted in alternative pathway components of complement by treatment with zymosan A failed to mediate cell adherence to the parasite. fIRS inactivated for the classical pathway of complement by the chelating agent EGTA partially retains its activity in mediating cytotoxicity to microfilariae. The striking antigenic specificity of D. viteae antibodies was shown by their ability to mediate cytotoxicity only to D. viteae but not towards Brugia malayi microfilariae. PMID- 6538184 TI - Comparison of splenoportographic findings in early and late childhood. PMID- 6538185 TI - Allergens of Schistosoma mansoni. II. Fractionation and characterization of S. mansoni egg allergens. AB - The interaction of Schistosoma mansoni crude soluble egg antigen (SEA) with IgE antibodies in sera from S. mansoni-infected mice, rats and humans has been studied by the radioallergosorbent test (RAST) and the Prausnitz-Kustner (PK) technique. IgE antibodies recognizing egg antigens were present as early as day 21 after the infection in the mouse sera and day 28 in rat sera. IgE in sera of infected humans reacted with antigenic components in the Mr range 70,000-150,000 and focusing as a broad peak in the pH range 4.5-6.5 as measured by RAST. SDS PAGE followed by western blotting showed the presence of major components at molecular weights of 117,000 and 35,000-43,000. In the PK test, using mouse sera, components focusing in the alkaline pH range also gave a positive reaction. Most of the allergenic activity was bound by concanavalin A-Sepharose and by wheat germ agglutinin-Ultrogel. IgE in serum from an infected non-permissive host (the Fischer rat) apparently recognized egg-stage-specific allergen as indicated by differences in the time course of the IgE response to egg allergens compared to the adult material. When analyzed by SDS-PAGE and western blotting with day 45 infected rat serum, SEA showed some qualitative and quantitative differences to adult worm antigen. Molecules at molecular weights between 25,000 and 30,000 and at about 43,000 in SEA reacted with rat serum IgE and were absent from adult worm antigen. The allergenic similarities between egg and adult worm are discussed. PMID- 6538186 TI - Investigation of area differences in the prevalence at birth of anencephalus in Belfast. AB - A retrospective case-control study comparing social and biological factors relating to all stillbirths and liveborn infants with anencephalus (n = 433) and a 10% random sample of all livebirths (n = 107 346) born to women resident in Belfast between 1957 and 1969 was carried out. The aim was to determine whether the large difference in the prevalence rate at birth of anencephalus within this city could be explained by any previously identified risk factors. For the 15 electoral wards the average rate over the study period was lowest in Windsor ward and highest in Court ward--rates 2.7 and 8.0 per 1000 livebirths respectively. Also, for one particular group of women who lived in certain areas of Belfast and who had an abnormal reproductive history the anencephalic rate was between 7.1 and 10.1 per 1000 livebirths depending on their parity. Although reproductive history was significantly associated with the risk of anencephalus this did not explain the area differences in rates within the city. These findings together with other work suggest that there are at least two separate sets of factors influencing the occurrence of anencephalus. One set relates to area of residence and may reflect adverse social circumstances and diet; the second set relates to maternal reproductive history, acts largely independently of the first and may have a genetic basis. Although this hypothesis accounts for a number of observations relating to anencephalus the excess of affected females cannot be adequately explained. PMID- 6538187 TI - Rings of cross-striated fibrils within the cat cone pedicle: a computer-assisted serial EM analysis. AB - Using serial electron micrographs and a computer reconstruction system the authors have examined the three-dimensional cytoarchitecture of the cat cone pedicle. These reconstructions reveal that within each pedicle is a closed 4-6 micron diameter ring of cross-striated fibrils similar to the nonring structures described in photoreceptor inner and outer segments by others in guinea pig, rat, chick, monkey, and humans. Our cone pedicle rings encompass the invaginating synaptic contacts of the cone bipolars and horizontal cells and have periodic 70 nm striations surrounding bundles of fibrils about 100 nm in diameter. The authors suggest that these striated rings may be active contractile elements and could be responsible for shape changes in cone pedicles during dark adaptation. PMID- 6538188 TI - Diurnal rhythm in the human rod ERG. AB - Six normal subjects, monocularly entrained to a 14 hr light/10 hr dark cycle, showed a diurnal rhythm in the rod ERG of the entrained eye but not the unentrained eye. Thresholds in the entrained eye were significantly higher 1 1/2 hrs after light onset than at other times. This threshold increase occurred at a time when rod disc shedding has been observed histologically to be maximal in light-entrained animals. PMID- 6538189 TI - Forskolin lowers intraocular pressure by reducing aqueous inflow. AB - Forskolin is a diterpene derivative of the plant Coleus forskohlii that stimulates adenylate cyclase activity without interacting with cell surface receptors. Forskolin lowers the intraocular pressure of rabbits, monkeys, and humans. In rabbits, net aqueous humor inflow decreases, outflow facility remains unchanged, and ciliary blood flow increases. Tolerance to the intraocular pressure lowering effect did not occur in rabbits after topical doses given every 6 hr for 15 days. In vitro forskolin activates adenylate cyclase of crude particulate homogenates prepared from cultured human ciliary epithelia or from dissected ciliary epithelial processes of rabbit or human eyes. This activation is not blocked by timolol. The stimulation of adenylate cyclase by isoproterenol in vitro is potentiated in the presence of forskolin. Forskolin represents a potentially useful class of antiglaucoma agents differing in molecular mechanism of action from previously used drugs. PMID- 6538190 TI - Ceroid-lipofuscinosis (Batten's disease). Sequential electrophysiologic and pathologic changes in the retina of the ovine model. AB - The sequential electrophysiologic and pathologic changes in the retina in ceroid lipofuscinosis were recorded in a time-course study in the ovine model. Over a relatively short period in the course of the disease, a severe reduction in both rod and cone b-wave amplitudes developed with rod b-wave changes preceeding those of cones. These changes paralleled a similar loss of rod and cone photoreceptor cells. In affected retinas, outer segments appeared shorter than normal. By 84 weeks of age, the outer nuclear layer was reduced to the width of a single nucleus. In addition to these changes, electronmicroscopy showed the formation of abnormal dystrophic rod and cone outer segments in photoreceptor cells. Most cells in the retina showed the accumulation of a fluorescent lipopigment, this being most prominent in ganglion cells. Ultrastructural studies showed them to be made of electron dense granular material and a variety of membranous and tubular arrays. PMID- 6538191 TI - Narcolepsy in a horse. PMID- 6538192 TI - Horse attacked by pit bull. PMID- 6538193 TI - Effects of heat stress during pregnancy on postpartum reproductive changes in Holstein cows. AB - Effects of heat stress during the last third of gestation on reproductive changes postpartum were studied in Holstein cows. Cows and heifers 160 to 190 d of gestation were assigned in June 1978 to shade (n = seven cows and two heifers) or no shade (n = eight cows and two heifers) management treatments. After parturition, all cows (n = 19) were moved to the milking herd and managed uniformly. On the day of calving and on each Monday, Wednesday and Friday thereafter until d 50 postpartum, jugular blood samples were collected. Beginning approximately 7 d postpartum, the reproductive tract of each cow was examined rectally after collection of blood samples. Estrus was monitored twice daily and cows were inseminated after d 45 postpartum. Prepartum heat stress increased 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGFM) concentrations postpartum and increased the rate of uterine involution. Regardless of prepartum treatment, progesterone concentrations indicated that luteal phases had begun by d 12.4 +/- 1.3 postpartum, which was about 3 d before PGFM was basal. The first luteal phase lasted only 10.7 +/- .9 d. First estrus was not detected until d 32.3 +/- 4.8 postpartum. The previously gravid uterine horn had a negative effect on ovarian volume, diameter of the largest follicle and percentage of ovaries with a corpus luteum. However, prepartum heat stress attenuated this effect. This study indicates that heat stress prepartum had residual effects on postpartum reproductive changes, and that the previously gravid uterine horn exerted some control, which was attenuated by heat stress, over ovarian recrudescense. Even though heat stress prepartum affected sensitive measures of postpartum reproductive function, it did not alter days to first estrus, days open (102.3 +/ 13.1) or services/conception (2.5 +/- .3). PMID- 6538194 TI - Histologic detection of cardiac musculature, soy flour, and partially defatted tissue in ground beef: interlaboratory study. AB - A collaborative study was designed and conducted to evaluate the accuracy of a procedure for the histologic detection of cardiac muscle, soy flour, and partially defatted tissue that may occur as adulterants in ground beef. Ground beef samples were prepared containing 0, 3, 5, 10, and 15% of each of the 3 adulterants. Five samples of each composition at each of the 5 dilutions, for a total of 75 unknown samples, were analyzed at each of 5 participating laboratories. The study revealed that this technique is reliable for the detection of these adulterants in ground beef. PMID- 6538195 TI - Synthetic tyrosine polymers as substrates and inhibitors of tyrosine-specific protein kinases. AB - Several synthetic random polymers of tyrosine containing glutamic acid, alanine, and lysine in various proportion served as substrates for tyrosine-specific protein kinases. The Km values for these substrates were much lower than for small polypeptides such as angiotensin. For the protein kinase coded by Fujinami virus, the best substrates (with the lowest Km) were polymers containing glutamic acid, alanine, and 8 to 10% tyrosine; for the insulin receptor protein kinase, the best substrate was a polymer containing 80% glutamic acid and 20% tyrosine. These polymers serve as inexpensive and tyrosine-specific substrates that can be used even with crude extracts and analyzed by the convenient filter paper assay. Several synthetic polymers with ordered sequences were found to be potent inhibitors of these tyrosine-specific protein kinases. PMID- 6538196 TI - Kinetics of the activation of plasminogen by natural and recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator. AB - The kinetics of the activation of plasminogen by tissue-type plasminogen activator were studied in the presence and the absence of CNBr-digested fibrinogen as a soluble cofactor. Michaelis-Menten kinetics applied and the kinetic parameters obtained were very similar to those previously reported for the activation in the presence of solid phase fibrin (Hoylaerts, M., Rijken, D. C., Lijnen, H. R., and Collen, D. (1982) J. Biol. Chem. 257, 2912-2919). The affinity of the enzyme for plasminogen dramatically increases in the presence of the soluble cofactor while the catalytic rate constant does not change significantly (KM drops from 83 to 0.18 microM and kcat increases from 0.07 to 0.28 s-1 for tissue-type plasminogen activator of melanoma origin). Fragments containing the lysine-binding sites of plasminogen compete with plasminogen for interaction with CNBr-digested fibrinogen. The dissociation constant of this interaction was found to be 4.5 microM for the high affinity lysine-binding site. No difference was found in the kinetic parameters for the activation of plasminogen by either tissue-type plasminogen activator of melanoma origin or by glycosylated forms of tissue-type plasminogen activator obtained by recombinant DNA technology. The present findings obtained in a homogenous liquid milieu support the previously proposed mechanism of the activation of plasminogen by tissue-type plasminogen activator in the presence of fibrin. This mechanism involves binding of both tissue-type plasminogen activator and plasminogen to fibrin. PMID- 6538197 TI - Synthesis and secretion of a novel binding protein for retinol by a cell line derived from Sertoli cells. AB - An established cell line (TM-4) derived from murine Sertoli cells, the major supportive cell type of the testes, secretes a protein that binds retinol when grown in serum-free chemically defined medium. The protein that binds retinol is trypsin-sensitive and has an apparent Kd for retinol of 54 nM. Cholesterol, retinyl acetate, or UV-irradiated retinol at levels 100-fold in excess of retinol are poor competitors of [3H]retinol binding. Retinoic acid at a 100-fold molar excess inhibited [3H]retinol binding by 71%. In contrast, excess unlabeled retinol completely inhibits [3H]retinol binding. More than 80% of the total retinol-binding activity in confluent cultures is found in the culture medium. Prior to incubation with retinol, the protein that binds retinol has an apparent Mr of less than 150,000 by column chromatography; however, after incubation with retinol the protein that binds retinol exhibits an apparent Mr of 2 X 10(6) or greater and a sedimentation coefficient greater than 4 S. Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis reveals that the major iodinatable component of the aggregated protein that binds retinol has an apparent Mr of 70,000. The secreted protein that binds retinol is not immunologically cross-reactive with either serum or cellular retinol-binding protein or transferrin. These findings suggest that Sertoli cells may secrete a protein that binds retinol. Such a protein could be involved in the transport of retinol either to the lumen of the seminiferous tubules or to the developing germ cells themselves. PMID- 6538198 TI - Congenital annular bands in identical twins. A case report. PMID- 6538199 TI - The tumor-inhibiting effect of isomeric dichloro(diphenylethylenediamine)platinum(II) complexes. AB - Ring unsubstituted dichloro(diphenylethylenediamine)platinum(II) complexes show a dependence of their antitumor activity on the configuration and position of phenyl rings in ethylenediamine ligand. Dichloro(1,1 diphenylethylenediamine)platinum(II) (1d) and meso-dichloro(1,2 diphenylethylenediamine)-platinum(II) (meso-2d) have a weaker effect on the human breast-cancer cell line MDA-MB 231 and on rat leukemia L 5222 than (+/-) dichloro(1,2-diphenylethylenediamine)platinum(II)((+)-2d) and its enantiomers (+) 2d and (-)-2d which cause marked and comparable inhibition of both tumors; (+/-) 2d is also active on ADJ/PC 6 plasmacytoma of the mouse and on cisplatin-, daunomycin-, and cisplatin/daunomycin-resistant Ehrlich ascites tumors of the mouse. The differences in activity of the diastereomers (+/-)-2d and meso-2d, for which distinct influences on the DNA secondary structure can be demonstrated CD spectroscopically may be explained by a steric hindrance of the drug-DNA interaction. PMID- 6538200 TI - Phase II evaluation of fractionated low and single high dose cisplatin in various tumors. AB - Seventy-three evaluable patients with advanced measurable solid tumors were given cisdichlorodiammineplatinum (II) (DDP) at a dose of 20 mg/M2 IV for 1-5 days every 3 weeks, and 19 patients who failed on this low dose DDP protocol received a single high dose of 100 mg/M2 IV once every 3 weeks. Forty-six patients had received prior chemotherapy, and 29 patients were untreated. Results included four complete responses (5.5%) in malignant melanoma, spindle-cell sarcoma, adrenal carcinoma, and bladder carcinoma lasting 2 to 4 months. In 21 patients (28.8%), partial responses were achieved. Twenty-two patients (30.1%) showed stable disease and 26 (35.6%) had tumor progression. A response rate of 25% (4/16 patients) was found for malignant melanoma, 45.5% (5/11) for nonsmall-cell lung cancer, and 35.3% (6/17) for sarcomas of various types. One patient with teratocarcinoma, who relapsed on low-dose DDP, had another partial remission for 4 months after high-dose therapy. Toxicity was most commonly seen with gastrointestinal side effects and myelosuppression. Cumulative nephrotoxicity was prevented by prehydration and/or treatment with furosemide or mannitol. PMID- 6538201 TI - Bidirectional polymerization of G-actin on the human erythrocyte membrane. AB - The directional polymerization of actin on the erythrocyte membrane has been examined at various concentrations of G-actin by thin-section electron microscopy. For this purpose, a new experimental system using single-layered erythrocyte membranes with the cytoplasmic surfaces freely exposed was developed. The preformed actin filaments did not bind with the cytoplasmic surface of the erythrocyte membranes. When the erythrocyte membranes were incubated at low concentrations (0.3 and 0.5 microM) of G-actin, greater than 80% of polymerized actin filaments pointed toward the membranes mainly in an end-on fashion, as judged by arrowhead formation with heavy meromyosin. At higher concentrations (2 and 4 microM) of G-actin, about half of the polymerized actin filaments were directed with arrowheads pointing toward the membranes, while the rest of the filaments showed the opposite polarity pointing away from the membranes. The majority of polymerized actin filaments formed loops at the points of attachment to the membranes. In contrast, when G-actin (2 and 4 microM) in the presence of cytochalasin B was polymerized into filaments, approximately 70% showed the polarity pointing away from the membrane mainly in an end-on fashion. To check the treadmilling phenomena, the erythrocyte membranes with bidirectionally polymerized actin filaments were further incubated with G-actin at the overall critical concentration. In this case, almost all (90%) of actin filaments showed the polarity with arrowheads pointing toward the membranes. The results obtained are discussed with special reference to the mode of association of actin filaments with the plasma membrane in general. PMID- 6538202 TI - 4F2 monoclonal antibody recognizes a surface antigen on spread human fibroblasts of embryonic but not of adult origin. AB - The 4F2 monoclonal antibody (mAb) has been shown to recognize a 120-kilodalton glycoprotein expressed on the cell surface of human peripheral blood monocytes, activated (but not resting) T or B cells, and T and B lymphoblastoid cell lines. In this report we show that 4F2 mAb specifically binds to the surface of adherent human embryonic fibroblasts but fails to bind to normal adult fibroblasts. Moreover, 4F2 antigen was expressed on sarcoma-derived or SV40-transformed adult fibroblastic cells. Finally, addition of 4F2 mAb inhibited the growth of cultured HT-1080 fibrosarcoma cell line, but had no inhibitory effect on various embryonic and adult normal or transformed fibroblasts. PMID- 6538203 TI - Membrane-associated actin in the rhabdomeral microvilli of crayfish photoreceptors. AB - Infiltration of compound eyes of crayfish, Cherax destructor, with the thiol protease inhibitor Ep-475 or with trifluoperazine prior to fixation for electron microscopy was found to stabilize an axial filament of 6-12 nm diam within each rhabdomeral microvillus of the photoreceptors. Rhabdoms isolated from retinal homogenates by sucrose gradient centrifugation under conditions that stabilize cytoskeletal material contained large amounts of a 42-kd polypeptide that co migrated with insect flight muscle actin in one- and two-dimensional PAGE, inhibited pancreatic DNase l, and bound to vertebrate myosin. Vertebrate skeletal muscle actin added to retinal homogenates did not co-purify with rhabdoms, implying that actin was not a contaminant from nonmembranous structures. DNase l inhibition assays of detergent-lysed rhabdoms indicated the presence of large amounts of filamentous actin provided ATP was present. Monomeric actin in such preparations was completely polymerizable only after 90 min incubation with equimolar phalloidin. More than half of the actin present could be liberated from the membrane by sonication, indicating a loose association with the membrane. However, a large proportion of the actin was tightly bound to the rhabdomeral membrane, and washing sonicated membrane fractions with solutions of a range of ionic strengths and nonionic detergents failed to remove it. Antibodies to scallop actin only bound to frozen sections of rhabdoms after gentle permeabilization and very long incubation periods, probably because of steric hindrance and the hydrophobicity of the structure. The F-actin probe nitrobenzoxadiazol phallacidin bound to rhabdoms and labeled F-actin aggregates in other retinal components, but rhabdom fluorescence was not abolished by preincubation with phalloidin. The biochemical data indicate the existence of two distinct actin-based cytoskeletal systems, one being closely membrane associated. The other may possibly constitute the axial filament, although the evidence for this is equivocal. PMID- 6538205 TI - The effects of sex steroids on ulnar growth during adolescence. AB - To investigate the relative effects of androgens and estrogens on long bone growth, we evaluated the 3-week ulnar growth velocities of 10 boys before and after the iv administration of testosterone (T; 15 mg/day), dihydrotestosterone (DHT; 7 mg/day), and estradiol (E2; 90 micrograms/day) for 4 days. Ulnar growth is a sensitive index of short term growth in children. Mean 3-week ulnar growth velocities increased from 0.49 +/- 0.11 (+/- SEM) to 1.09 +/- 0.14 mm/3 weeks after the T infusion (P less than 0.005), from 0.42 +/- 0.09 to 0.84 +/- 0.13 mm/3 weeks after the DHT infusion (P less than 0.02), and from 0.67 +/- 0.07 to 0.96 +/- 0.26 mm/3 weeks after the E2 infusion (P = NS). The mean T level was 2555 +/- 234 ng/dl during the T infusion. Mean E2 levels were 53 +/- 4 pg/ml during the T infusion and 102 +/- 7 pg/ml during the E2 infusion. Mean DHT levels were 73 +/- 7 ng/dl during the T infusion and 1115 +/- 124 ng/dl during the DHT infusion. Mean somatomedin-C levels increased to a similar degree during all infusions, but were significantly higher only during the E2 infusion (P less than 0.01). We conclude that T and DHT given for 4 days stimulated ulnar growth, while E2 at concentrations greater than those derived from T did not cause a significant increase in ulnar growth. None of the ulnar growth rates after T, DHT, or E2 treatment, however, differed significantly. PMID- 6538204 TI - 10-nm filaments are induced to collapse in living cells microinjected with monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies against tubulin. AB - Cells were microinjected with four mouse monoclonal antibodies that were directed against either alpha- or beta-tubulin subunits, one monoclonal with activity against both subunits, and a guinea pig polyclonal antibody with activity directed against both subunits, to determine the effects on the distribution of cytoplasmic microtubules and 10-nm filaments. The specificities of the antibodies were confirmed by Western blots, solid phase radioimmunoassay, and Western blot analysis of alpha- and beta-tubulin peptide maps. Two monoclonals DM1A and DM3B3, an anti-alpha- and anti-beta-tubulin respectively, and the guinea pig polyclonal anti-alpha/beta-tubulin antibody (GP1T4) caused the 10-nm filaments to collapse into large lateral aggregates collecting in the cell periphery or tight juxtanuclear caps; the other monoclonal antibodies had no effect when microinjected into cells. The filament collapsing was observed to be complete at 1.5-2 h after injection. During the first 30 min after injection a few cytoplasmic microtubules near the cell periphery could be observed by fluorescence microscopy. This observation was confirmed by electron microscopy, which also demonstrated assembled microtubules in the juxtanuclear region. By 1.5 h, when most of the 10-nm filaments were collapsed, the complete cytoplasmic array of microtubules was observed. Cells injected in prophase were able to assemble a mitotic spindle, suggesting that the antibody did not block microtubule assembly. Metabolic labeling with [35S]methionine of microinjected cells revealed that total protein synthesis was the same as that observed in uninjected cells. This indicated that the microinjected antibody apparently did not produce deleterious effects on cellular metabolism. These results suggest that through a direct interaction of antibodies with either alpha- or beta tubulin subunits, 10-nm filaments were dissociated from their normal distribution. It is possible that the antibodies disrupted postulated 10-nm filament-microtubule interactions. PMID- 6538206 TI - Detection of human immunoglobulins G and M antibodies to Rift Valley fever virus by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. AB - Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) is an important human and animal pathogen in Africa and has been responsible for infections in travelers. Because of the aerosol infectivity and risk of dissemination of the virus, a need exists for simple, safe, serological tests for diagnosis. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed to detect RVFV-specific immunoglobulins (immunoglobulin G [IgG] and IgM). In the test, a betapropiolactone-inactivated, sucrose-acetone-extracted, suckling mouse liver RVFV antigen was captured by mouse RVFV antibodies adsorbed to polystyrene plates. The test sample (human serum) was then added, and the binding of specific antibodies was indicated by alkaline phosphatase-conjugated swine anti-human IgG or IgM. A mu-capture IgM ELISA was also developed by using polystyrene plates coated with goat anti-human IgM incubated successively with serum sample, RVFV antigen, and indicator antibodies. The ELISA for RVFV-specific IgG proved to be more sensitive than hemagglutination inhibition or complement fixation tests and almost as sensitive as the plaque reduction neutralization test in detecting specific antibodies in human sera after vaccination. The two ELISA IgM tests could detect specific IgM antibodies during the first 6 weeks after RVFV vaccination. Three injections of inactivated vaccine were given on days 0, 6 to 8, and 32 to 34. ELISA IgM values for sera obtained on days 6 to 8 were negative or in the lower range of significance, on days 32 to 34 they were strongly positive, and on days 42 to 52 they were waning. Later sera were negative. The plague reduction neutralization test was negative on days 6 to 8 but rose progressively in later samples. These findings suggest that the three doses of RVFV vaccine induce a prolonged primary antibody response. The ELISA IgM could become an important tool for early diagnosis in acute human infection. A number of African sera, some of which were positive for RVFV by plaque reduction neutralization test, were also tested by ELISA IgG. There was good agreement between both tests. PMID- 6538207 TI - Inhibition of platelet-aggregating activity in thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura plasma by normal adult immunoglobulin G. AB - Plasma from patients with thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) caused the aggregation of autologous and homologous platelets, and effect which was inhibited by normal plasma. IgG purified from seven normal adults at a concentration of 0.7 mg/ml completely inhibited the platelet aggregation induced by plasma obtained from two TTP patients with active disease. The inhibition of platelet aggregation by human adult IgG was concentration dependent, and the inhibitory activity of human IgG was neutralized by rabbit antihuman IgG. Fab fragments inhibited the TTP plasma-induced platelet aggregation as well as intact IgG, whereas Fc fragments had no effect. Platelet aggregation caused by ADP, collagen, epinephrine, or thrombin was not affected by purified human IgG. The prior incubation of IgG with TTP plasma caused a significantly greater reduction of platelet aggregation by TTP plasma than that of IgG and platelet suspension, suggesting that the IgG inhibits TTP plasma-induced platelet aggregation through direct interaction with platelet aggregating factor in TTP plasma. IgG obtained initially from five infants and young children under the age of 4 yr did not possess any inhibitory activity. When one of the children reached 3 yr of age, his IgG inhibited the aggregation induced by one TTP plasma, but not that caused by another plasma. The IgG procured from the same boy at 4 yr of age inhibited the aggregation induced by both TTP plasmas. The IgG purified from the TTP plasma during active disease failed to inhibit the aggregation caused by the same plasma. After recovery, however, the IgG effectively inhibited aggregation. These observations suggest that platelet-aggregating factors present in the TTP plasma are heterogeneous in nature and that the IgG present in the normal adult plasma, which inhibits the TTP plasma-induced platelet aggregation, may be partially responsible for the success of plasma infusion therapy in TTP. PMID- 6538208 TI - Effect of pubococcygeal exercise on coital orgasm in women. PMID- 6538209 TI - Genetic analysis of allergic disease in twins. AB - One hundred seven pairs of twins, sixty-one MZT and forty-six DZT, were investigated for allergic disease by a questionnaire, reaginic antibody levels, bronchial reactivity to inhaled methacholine, and skin test responses. Intrapair correlation coefficients (ri) of measured clinical markers of atopy were determined and a heritability analysis was performed. The intrapair correlation coefficient for serum IgE was 0.82 for MZT and 0.52 for DZT. The methacholine area demonstrated greater correlation in MZT with an ri of 0.67 compared to 0.34 for DZT. The total ISTS had an intrapair correlation coefficient of 0.82 in MZT and 0.46 in DZT. Our analysis demonstrates that methacholine sensitivity, total serum IgE levels, and total skin test scores to be heritable traits and suggests a genetic contribution to their expression. PMID- 6538210 TI - Degenerate antibodies. PMID- 6538211 TI - Gynecological malignancies and disseminated intravascular coagulation. AB - The importance of DIC in the management of gynecological malignancy, especially in advanced cases, was stressed on the basis of our experience with 8 cases. The overall incidence of DIC in our series of 366 cases of gynecological malignancies was 2.2%. However, DIC was experienced only in cases of advanced later stages and the recurrence of malignancy, and the incidence of DIC in these two groups were 2.2% and 7.2% respectively. In our 8 cases, DIC seemed to be provoked or worsened by antitumoric chemotherapy, major surgery, radiation therapy, infection, cerebral infarction and massive packed red cell transfusion. At the same time, an exceptional case of fulminating DIC which had probably been provoked by packed red cell transfusion in a patient with advanced but not detected endometrial cancer which developed in a endometriotic uterus was presented. PMID- 6538212 TI - [Androgen binding components in the human placenta]. AB - In the present study, characterization of the androgen binding components in human term placenta was undertaken. Scatchard analysis revealed the presence of high affinity binding components with dissociation constants (Kd) of 1.5 X 10( 10)M and 3.7 X 10(-9)M for dihydrotestosterone (DHT) in hormone-striped placental cytosol. Isoelectric focusing (IEF) after equilibration with 20 nM 3H-DHT indicated three binding activities with elution pH (Pe) of 4.6, 5.3 and 6.0. The placental cytosol was then fractionated into Concanavalin-A Sepharose (Con-A). The Con-A unbound fraction contained two heat labile binding populations for DHT with Kd's of 1.9 +/- 0.4 X 10(-10)M and 5.9 +/- 1.2 X 10(-9)M (mean +/- SE: n = 6), and two peaks on IEF with 20nM 3H-DHT with Pe's of 4.6 and 6.0. When IEF was performed with 2 nM 3H-DHT, only one peak was observed with a Pe of 6.0. The Con A bound fraction contained a heat stable, single binding population for DHT with a Kd of 2.2 +/- 0.2 X 10(-10)M and a Pe of 5.0. It appears that the binding population is testosterone-estradiol binding globulin (TeBG). In competitive binding studies, androstenedione, dehydroepiandrosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate had much higher affinities for Con-A unbound fraction than Con-A bound fraction. Therefore, it appears that there are at least two androgen binding components in human term placental cytosol, demonstrable after removal of TeBG contamination, that can be shown to have different affinities for DHT and, probably, separate Pe's. PMID- 6538213 TI - [Menstrual characteristics in college athletes]. AB - This study investigated the influences of endurance physical exercise on menstrual characteristics in college athletes. 311 college students at the University of Tsukuba (174: college athletes, 137: non-athletes, control students (group C) ) completed questionnaires which inquired about their menstrual history. College athletes were divided into two groups with hard physical activity (group A) and moderate physical activity (group B). The physical profile showed that group A and B had a lower total body water/body weight ratio than group C. The incidences of prolonged menstruation and hypomenorrhea of athletes were higher than those of non-athletes. There was no significant difference in the incidence of dysmenorrhea. However, the incidence of cases which required the medication to treat dysmenorrhea was lower in athletes than in non-athletes. Regarding the menstrual cycle, there was no significant difference in the incidence of oligomenorrhea and polymenorrhea in the three groups. On the other hand, the incidence of irregular menstrual cycles in group A was significantly higher than in group C. Athletes replied that the period of good physical condition during the menstrual cycles occurred in the late follicular and ovulatory phase. On the other hand, the period of bad condition was in the late luteal phase and during the menstrual period. Only 21.4% of athletes desire to regulate the menstrual cycle according to their sports schedule. The specialized physician should be more concerned either about managing the athletes who are suffering from menstrual dysfunction or about establishing a way to control the menstrual cycle. PMID- 6538214 TI - [Heat sensitivity of cultured choriocarcinoma cell line (BeWo)]. AB - In order to elucidate the effect of hyperthermia, gestational choriocarcinoma cell line (BeWo) was studied with respect to cell growth and hormone (beta-HCG) production in various conditions of hyperthermia. BeWo was heated in the 39.0 43.0 degrees C temperature range on Day 4. The cell growth was reduced significantly at 43 degrees C for 1 hour. The same effect was observed at 39 degrees C for 120 hours. And this effect was more severe than that at 41 degrees C for 24 hours. BeWo was heated at 43 degrees C on Day 4, Day 5, and Day 6 during the logarithmic growth phase. Maximum suppression of the cell growth was observed on Day 4, and the effect was reduced with the length of time that heat application was delayed. MTX (10(-7)M) was added for 48 hours beginning on Day 4, and heat (43 degrees C for 1 hour) was applied at various points during or after MTX exposure. Heat showed an adjuvant effect with MTX when heat was applied between 24 hours after administration of MTX and 4 hours after removal of MTX. These findings strongly suggest that the heat sensitivity of BeWo is greatly related to the cell cycle. Elevated HCG production was not observed following heat alone, but observed following simultaneous heat and MTX administration. To elucidate the mechanism involved here, further studies will be needed. PMID- 6538215 TI - Swimming and grommets. PMID- 6538216 TI - A study of vertigo and dizziness in the premenstrual period. AB - Twenty-five patients with nausea, vomiting and vertigo or dizziness in the premenstrual period were examined. In the week before menstruation, four of them had spontaneous nystagmus, six had positional nystagmus, and nine of them showed abnormal caloric responses. Most of them showed no abnormality during the week of menstruation. The caloric-induced responses were 'labyrinthine' in type in seven cases, and 'central' in type in two cases, thus denoting that cerebral oedema is not the only factor which may produce vertigo in the premenstrual period; as suggested by the present study, labyrinthine oedema may also play a considerable role in causing such troubles. PMID- 6538217 TI - Incidence of learning problems among children with middle ear pathology. PMID- 6538218 TI - Investigations of the significance of the crepuscular LH peak in the ovulatory cycle of the hen (Gallus domesticus). AB - The crepuscular (occurring at dusk) peak of LH was characterized and its functional significance in the ovulatory cycle of the hen, Gallus domesticus, examined. Serial blood sampling on the night before the first ovulation (C1) of the sequence was followed by normal ovulations in six out of eight hens whereas blood sampling before a second or third ovulation (C2 or C3) of the sequence resulted in blocked ovulations in six out of seven hens. The difference in incidence of blocked ovulations was significant (P less than 0.02). Associated with normal ovulations was a significant (P less than 0.05) crepuscular peak in plasma LH whereas in those hens in which ovulation was blocked, no rise in LH at onset of darkness was detected. Serial blood sampling of hens on a night when 'lights-off' was delayed revealed a significant (P less than 0.05) crepuscular peak of LH at the time when the lights usually went off, indicating that the rise in LH had the property of a daily rhythm. When a 'lights-off' signal was given 4 h early before a C1 ovulation, a crepuscular peak of LH was induced (P less than 0.05) and preovulatory rises of LH and progesterone were significantly advanced (P less than 0.005 and P less than 0.02 respectively) compared with control hens, although not by the entire 4-h interval. This indicated that the crepuscular LH peak could be induced by the lights-off signal.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6538219 TI - Testicular hormones and intermale aggressive behaviour in the presence of a female rat. AB - A hypothesis was examined that increased levels of available testicular hormones are responsible for the increased aggressiveness of males in the presence of a female. In the first of two experiments intact male rats were injected with the androgen antagonist flutamide before exposure to oestrous, dioestrous or no females. Consistent with the hypothesis, flutamide-injected males were less aggressive than the respective control males which had been injected with oil alone. Yet the antiandrogen did not fully block the increased aggressiveness between males exposed to an oestrous female. In experiment 2 the aggressive behaviours of male rats in the presence of an oestrous female were observed after castration and restoration therapy with different amounts of testosterone propionate (TP). Neither a physiological amount (200 micrograms) nor an unusually large amount (800 micrograms) to TP could adequately mimic the effects of a gonadally intact male exposed to a sexually receptive female. These data suggest that differences in androgens available to target tissues influence aggressiveness among males exposed to a female. However, there are other factors involved, presumably the chronic morphological-physiological-behavioural changes that are provoked by copulatory experience. PMID- 6538220 TI - Negative correlation of age and the levels of pineal melatonin, pineal N acetylserotonin, and serum melatonin in male rats. AB - Pineal concentrations of N-acetylserotonin and melatonin and serum levels of melatonin were studied in 3-wk-old (prepubertal), 8-wk-old (adult), and 17-mo-old (senile) male rats. They were adapted to a photoperiod of 12 h light/12 h darkness for a minimum of 1 wk and killed at mid-light and mid-dark. Melatonin and N-acetylserotonin were determined by radioimmunoassay. The concentrations of pineal N-acetylserotonin and melatonin were high in the dark period and low in the light period. Statistical analysis indicated that pineal N-acetylserotonin and melatonin levels per 100 gm body weight declined with age. Similarly, serum melatonin demonstrated diurnal changes in all the age groups studied. In addition, there was a significant reduction in the levels of serum melatonin with age. The parallel patterns of decrease in pineal and serum melatonin levels with age suggest a decline in pineal secretion of melatonin in the older animals. PMID- 6538221 TI - Fungal cerebritis from intravenous drug abuse. AB - Three intravenous drug abusers (predominantly cocaine) developed a fulminant fungal cerebritis without any other identifiable predisposing factor. Two died and one survived with a severe neurologic deficit. Zygomycetes (nonseptated fungi) were identified in the brain tissue of two victims and Acremonium alabamensis was cultured from the brain tissue of the third. Fulminant fungal cerebritis in intravenous drug abusers (in the absence of any predisposing illness) may represent a unique variant of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Future surviving patients should be evaluated for the possibility of a cellular immune deficiency state in order to confirm this impression. PMID- 6538222 TI - Antenatal sonographic detection of posterior urethral valves. PMID- 6538223 TI - Shock-elicited aggression as a function of early ethanol exposure. AB - Upon reaching maturity the offspring (N = 88) of animals exposed during pregnancy to ethanol and plain water, respectively, served as Ss in a shock-elicited aggression test. Significantly higher levels of aggression were shown by those animals that had received prenatal ethanol exposure. Several ethanol-related birth effects were also noted. PMID- 6538224 TI - Preoperative chemotherapy and radiation therapy for patients with cancer of the esophagus: a potentially curative approach. AB - Twenty-one patients with squamous cell cancer of the esophagus were entered into a pilot clinical trial using preoperative chemotherapy (5-fluorouracil and cis platinum) and radiation with the intent of improving cure rate and survival. After the preoperative treatment was complete, 15 patients (71%) were resected for cure. Seven (47%) of 15 had no histologic evidence of cancer in the resected esophagus, but two of these had microscopic cancer in resected lymph nodes. The median survival for all patients entered in the trial was 18 months, whereas for those with no cancer in the resected esophagus the median survival was 24 months. The six patients who either refused surgery (two patients) or were unresectable at surgery (four patients) died within nine months. Our conclusion in this trial is that survival and potential cure are clearly linked to successfully clearing the esophagus and nodes of histologic evidence of tumor through preoperative treatment. PMID- 6538225 TI - Use of the argon surgical laser in neurosurgery. AB - The argon surgical laser has been used in 68 neurosurgical procedures that included the removal of intracranial and intraspinal tumors, spinal cord fenestration for syringomyelia, and the production of dorsal root entry zone lesions. Characteristics that make the argon surgical laser a useful microneurosurgical instrument include the availability of a fiberoptic delivery system, a laser spot size that can be varied continuously between 0.15 and 1.5 mm, a single laser-aiming and treatment beam, the transmission of argon laser light through aqueous media such as irrigating or cerebrospinal fluids, and improved hemostasis compared to conventional techniques. The argon laser is limited primarily by its relatively low power output (less than 16 W), which makes the excision of large tumors difficult. However, even with these limitations, which can be used to advantage in the proper setting, the authors' laboratory and clinical experience suggests that the argon surgical laser may be useful in certain microneurosurgical operations. PMID- 6538226 TI - Diagnosis of obstructive jaundice in infants: Tc-99m DISIDA in duodenal juice. AB - Technetium-99m di-isopropylphenylcarbamoylmethylimidodiacetic acid cholescintigraphy, together with measurements of radioactivity in duodenal juice, was used to evaluate 23 infants with prolonged obstructive jaundice. Four patients proved to have biliary atresia. The remainder had neonatal hepatitis. There was distinct differentiation of biliary atresia from neonatal hepatitis when the time-activity curves were analyzed. In neonatal hepatitis the radioactivity in duodenal juice is obviously higher, peaking above 1500 cpm/100 microliter per mCi dose. In biliary atresia the pattern is flattened, with maximal activity below 500 cpm/100 microliter per mCi dose. PMID- 6538227 TI - Cell proliferation in bone marrow cells of severely malnourished animals. AB - The cell proliferation of bone marrow cells in rats, suffering from severe malnutrition during the lactation period, was investigated by using bromodeoxyuridine (BdUr) mixed with 100 mg of activated charcoal injected i.p. The undernourished rats had significantly more mitosis in the first generation (82.6%) than did well-nourished rats (44.6%) at 18 hours after the BdUr injection, whereas there were more cells in second division metaphase in the well nourished (54.7%) than in the undernourished group (13.7%). Our results seem to indicate that malnutrition produces a prolongation in the time of proliferation of bone marrow cells during the lactation period. This agrees with other reports that used other cell systems in experimental animals and severely malnourished children. PMID- 6538228 TI - Bioavailability of zinc to rats from defatted soy flour, acid-precipitated soy concentrate and neutralized soy concentrate as determined by intrinsic and extrinsic labeling techniques. AB - The bioavailability of 65Zn from intrinsically and extrinsically labeled soy flour, acid-precipitated soy concentrate and neutralized soy concentrate was evaluated in rats. Weanling rats were fed marginally zinc-deficient diets, providing 8 ppm zinc from one of these three soy products, for 7 days. The rats then received a radioactively labeled test meal, identical in composition to the previous diet except that the soy product was either intrinsically or extrinsically labeled with 65Zn. After the test meal the rats were again fed diets the same as those consumed prior to the test meal. Whole-body retention of 65Zn at 24 hours and 12 days as well as 65Zn retained in tibias of rats given meals containing neutralized concentrate-based meals was significantly lower than for rats given meals containing the soy flour or acid-precipitated concentrate. In addition, retention of 65Zn from the extrinsically labeled acid-precipitated concentrate-based meal was significantly higher than from the same product intrinsically labeled. These findings confirm the results of previous feeding studies from which it was suggested that neutralization of soy protein concentrates reduces zinc bioavailability to the rat. In addition, the results are taken to suggest that experimental conditions may influence the validity of the extrinsic labeling technique for zinc. PMID- 6538229 TI - Plasma amino acids and excretion of protein end products by mice fed 10 or 40% soybean protein diets with or without dietary 2-acetylaminofluorene or N,N dinitrosopiperazine. AB - Studies were conducted with 5- to 8-week-old male and female B6C3F1 mice to determine the influence of two carcinogens, 2-acetylaminofluorene (AAF) and N,N dinitrosopiperazine (DNP), on plasma amino acid concentrations and on the excretion of lipids and nitrogenous metabolites. The carcinogens, AAF and DNP, were fed at concentrations of 0.25 and 0.05 g/kg of purified diet, respectively. Soybean protein constituted either 10 or 40% of the diet. Nutritional balances were measured over a 7-day period, after 7 days of acclimatization. Females ate less feed, gained less weight during acclimatization and excreted less fecal lipid as a percentage of intake than males. On the average, animals fed 40% protein consumed less total feed than those fed 10% protein. During acclimatization, DNP-fed animals ate and gained significantly less than controls. During week 2 DNP-fed animals gained significantly less than controls, although their feed intake was not significantly different. Fecal lipid excretion as a percentage of intake was significantly lower with carcinogens in the diet. The 40% protein diets increased lipid excretion in total and as a percentage of intake. With the exception of decreasing fecal lipid, AAF caused no consistent changes in feed intake, body weight, nitrogen (N) retention or N excretion. Neither carcinogen significantly influenced total fecal or urinary N, or the relative concentrations of the different forms of urinary N, when expressed as a percentage of N intake. Plasma ammonia rose with AAF feeding and plasma histidine rose with DNP feeding. Plasma concentrations of other amino acids were not changed consistently by either carcinogen. Feeding 40% protein caused a significant rise in plasma branched-chain amino acids, glycine and phenylalanine, and a significant decline in aspartate, threonine, serine, proline, citrulline, lysine and arginine. PMID- 6538230 TI - Milk production and consumption and growth of young of wild mice after ten generations in a cold environment. AB - Three classes of wild house mice, Mus musculus, were studied: (a) mice of the tenth generation in captivity in an environment kept at 23 degrees C (controls); (b) a similar stock kept at 3 degrees C (Eskimo); (c) offspring of controls transferred at mating to 3 degrees C (immigrants). For analysis of chemical composition, samples of milk were drawn from lactating females after they had been injected with oxytocin. For estimates of milk yield, lactating females were injected with tritiated water, and yield was calculated from the tritium content of young aged 10 days, over a 24 h period. The milk of Eskimo females had a much higher proportion of both fat and protein than had milk of other classes. The milk of immigrant females had more fat but less protein than that of controls. Eskimo females were heavier than immigrant females; control females were the lightest. Eskimo young at 10 days were heavier than those of the other classes. Their body fat was much higher; but their fat-free body weight was also above that of the others. Young of both classes in the cold drank more milk than the controls, and the Eskimo more than the immigrant young. Maternal body weight, milk intake by the young and body weight of the young were intercorrelated, but milk intake was the principal determinant of the body weight of the young. There was no evidence of differences in the growth potential of the young of different classes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6538231 TI - Ovarian follicular population changes with the advance of the breeding season in intact and unilaterally ovariectomized ewes. AB - In ewes at the 1st, 2nd or 4th oestrous cycle after unilateral ovariectomy, the ovulation rate remained constant at 1.5 in the control (sham-operated) ewes, but increased from 1.3 to 2.0 in unilaterally ovariectomized ewes. In control ewes, the proportion of preantral follicles declined significantly (P less than 0.05) with each oestrous cycle while the antral follicles increased as the breeding season progressed (P less than 0.05). In contrast, after unilateral ovariectomy, the proportion of preantral and antral follicles remained constant throughout the cycles studied. The rate of atresia of antral follicles, especially those from small size classes, decreased significantly after one cycle of unilateral ovariectomy (P less than 0.05). Larger antral follicles had a different rate of atresia as the breeding season advanced. It is concluded that unilateral ovariectomy acutely decreased the rate of atresia and maintained the within-ovary equilibrium between preantral and antral follicles which otherwise would have decreased due to the depletion of preantral follicles with the advance of the breeding season. PMID- 6538232 TI - Changes during the menstrual cycle in cytosolic and nuclear concentrations of progestagen receptor in the human Fallopian tube. AB - [3H]R5020 was bound to cytosolic and nuclear samples of human Fallopian tube with high affinity and specificity. The cytoplasmic and nuclear concentrations of progestagen receptor varied, throughout the menstrual cycle, in the ampulla, isthmus and fimbria. Concentrations were higher at the late proliferative stage of the cycle than at the early proliferative and late secretory stages. A positive linear regression was observed between cytosolic and nuclear progestagen receptor concentrations and plasma oestradiol levels. A negative linear relationship was observed between cytosolic progestagen receptor concentration and plasma progesterone levels during the secretory stages of the menstrual cycle. PMID- 6538233 TI - Plasma concentrations of LH, progesterone and oestradiol during the oestrous cycle in swamp buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis). AB - Plasma concentrations of LH, progesterone and oestradiol were measured in 5 cyclic swamp buffaloes. Progesterone levels began to increase after Day 5 (Day 0 = the day of oestrus) and reached a plateau after Day 10. A rapid decrease in progesterone levels occurred during the 5 days before oestrus, followed by a sustained increase in oestradiol concentrations. Basal LH levels decreased towards the mid-luteal phase and then progressively increased during the follicular phase. PMID- 6538234 TI - Laser surgery for glaucoma. PMID- 6538235 TI - European Cytoskeletal Club. Siena, Italy, September 1983. Proceedings. PMID- 6538236 TI - The variable effects of oligohydramnios on the biparietal diameter and the cephalic index. PMID- 6538238 TI - Surgical correction of Peyronie's disease: the Nesbit procedure. AB - Surgical therapy for the correction of Peyronie's disease is indicated in patients with severe and chronic penile curvature that does not respond to conservative therapy and that is severe enough to prevent sexual intercourse. The penile prosthesis has been shown to be an effective treatment in patients with associated erectile impotence. However, there is disagreement regarding the procedure of choice in patients with Peyronie's disease and adequate erectile function. Because of the inconsistent results reported for grafting techniques, we used the Nesbit procedure in 12 patients with adequate erectile capacity distal to the plaque. Eleven patients reported satisfactory intercourse postoperatively with excellent anatomical results. PMID- 6538237 TI - Intra-arterial cisplatin treatment of unresectable or medically inoperable invasive carcinoma of the bladder. AB - Five patients between 72 and 82 years old received 5 to 6 treatments of 50 to 75 mg. per m.2 cisplatin by bilateral internal iliac artery infusion for unirradiated invasive transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. Of the patients 3 also were diabetics and 1 had congestive heart failure. Treatment was tolerated extremely well, although most courses were associated with moderate to severe nausea and vomiting lasting several hours. Of 4 evaluable patients 3 achieved complete remission and 1 achieved a good partial remission. An additional 55-year old woman with a large invasive bladder carcinoma fixed to surrounding structures was treated with 4 courses of 100 mg. per m.2 intra-arterial cisplatin. This patient had a marked decrease in tumor size, permitting surgical resection of all known residual tumor. A 49-year-old patient with large pelvic lymph node metastases from a squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder achieved only minimal decrease in tumor size after 3 courses of 100 mg. per m.2 intra-arterial cisplatin. We conclude that intra-arterial cisplatin can be highly effective for localized invasive bladder cancer even when relatively low doses are used. With proper care the regimen can be used safely and effectively in elderly patients with medical contraindications to an operation. PMID- 6538239 TI - Case report: complete response of metastatic transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder with chemotherapy alone. AB - Transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder has remained to date basically a surgical disease with the addition of preoperative radiation therapy to increase survival. Chemotherapy for bladder cancer is administered either in an adjuvant setting or in patients with metastatic disease, most of whom have been treated already with cystectomy and/or radiation. We report a complete response at 54 months in a patient with clinical stage D2 and pathologic stage D1 carcinoma using cisplatin, doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide. The patient was treated with urinary diversion and chemotherapy alone, and no attempt was made to remove the primary lesion. PMID- 6538240 TI - Torsion of the spermatic cord in the postnatal period. AB - Neonatal testicular torsion is usually extravaginal and occurs either in utero or in the first day of life before the testicular tunics are firmly attached to the scrotum. An unusual case is presented of testicular torsion in a 5-week-old male newborn whose delivery was approximately 4 weeks premature. PMID- 6538241 TI - Periurethral polytetrafluoroethylene injections in incontinent female subjects with neurogenic bladder disease. AB - Urinary incontinence in female subjects with bladder instability secondary to neurogenic bladder disease is difficult to manage. Many times pharmacologic manipulation and the standard anti-incontinence surgical procedures are unsuccessful. We have found that the urethral occlusive technique using polytetrafluoroethylene (Teflon) paste is highly effective in maintaining continence. We describe 6 patients who achieved complete urinary control and empty the bladder with the use of intermittent catheterization. All of the patients are extremely satisfied with the end results of urinary continence and have accepted self-catheterization well. PMID- 6538242 TI - Pre-cystectomy intra-arterial cis-diamminedichloroplatinum II with local bladder hyperthermia for bladder cancer. AB - A total of 6 patients with bulky pelvic bladder cancer underwent combination cis diamminedichloroplatinum II (cisplatin) hypogastric artery infusion and local bladder hyperthermia as a preoperative adjunct to radical cystectomy. Pathological examination showed extensive tumor necrosis on the luminal side, with a gradient of tumor destruction to viable tumor on the serosal surface in 4 of the 6 bladders, while 2 specimens showed no tumor. Uninvolved portions of the bladders showed minor changes in the urothelium, submucosal edema and no effect on detrusor muscle or perivesical fat. Analysis of tissue for platinum revealed uptake by the tumors and normal tissues. Systemic effects of spillover cisplatin were not seen. Adjunctive preoperative hypogastric artery infusion of cisplatin is safe and well tolerated. Further study is required to determine the upper limits of safety of the regimen. PMID- 6538243 TI - Leads from the MMWR. Porphyria cutanea tarda and sarcoma in a worker exposed to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzodioxin-Missouri. PMID- 6538244 TI - Risk factors for persistent middle-ear effusions. PMID- 6538245 TI - Objective measurements of nutritional deficit. PMID- 6538246 TI - Assessment of nutritional depletion and immune competence: a comparison of clinical examination and objective measurements. AB - The ability of two surgeons to assess accurately nutritional depletion and immune state in surgical patients by clinical examination has been studied. The clinical status of all the surgical patients (198) in a large teaching hospital was assessed by two surgeons without knowledge of the results of objective testing. One of the surgeons had had a formal training in nutritional assessment techniques, the other had not. Each was asked to make two clinical assessments, one of nutritional depletion the other of immune competence. On the same day each patient also had an objective assessment of nutritional depletion (relative weight index) and immune competence (delayed hypersensitivity skin testing to four antigens). While the two surgeons identified more than 80% of the patients objectively assessed as being not depleted, they could pick only 40% of the patients who were depleted. Similarly, they identified 60% of the patients who reacted normally to the skin tests but they picked only 31% of the patients with impaired reactivity. The surgeon with nutritional training performed better than the untrained surgeon. This study suggests that malnourished patients cannot be adequately identified by clinical examination PMID- 6538248 TI - An improved fine needle catheter introducing set for safer vein cannulation. PMID- 6538247 TI - Effects of amino acid additives during hemodialysis of children. AB - The intradialytic losses into the dialysate of free amino acids (AA) and alpha amino nitrogen were determined during the dialysis of three children. Variations in plasma AA were determined pre- and postdialysis. The effect of these losses with the addition of an Abbott General Amino Acid Mixture to the dialysate in concentrations of 8.5, 17, and 34 mg/100 ml was studied. The major determinant of AA losses was the plasma concentration of the AA before beginning the dialysis treatment. Dialysance of individual AA varied inversely with their molecular weights. A zero flux of alpha-amino nitrogen occurred at a derived concentration of 22 mg/100 ml of the AA additive in the dialysate. Plasma concentrations of nonessential amino acids were little affected by the dialysate additive. In contrast, total essential amino acid nitrogen which fell during baseline dialyses showed significant improvement when the AA solution was added to the dialysate. This study suggests that the addition of AA to the dialysate bath may be effective in decreasing AA nitrogen losses during dialysis. PMID- 6538249 TI - Protein hydrolysate formulas. PMID- 6538250 TI - Operation for discrete subvalvular aortic stenosis. AB - Over the past 20 years, 37 patients (31 children and six adults) have undergone operations for discrete subvalvular aortic stenosis. Prior to 1975, resection of the subvalvular membrane alone was the procedure of choice. However, the recurrence rate was high (36%). Since 1975, resection of the membrane plus left ventricular myectomy has been routine. The recurrence rate in this group has been lower (20%) but is still high. Overall, 11 patients (30%) have had significant recurrence (average gradient 63 mm Hg). Eight of these 11 have undergone a second operation with re-resection of a membrane and left ventricular myectomy. One patient died and in three others (42%) significant symptoms and gradients remained. One of these three has undergone a successful aortoventriculoplasty, and two patients are awaiting a similar operation. Lessons learned from this experience include the following: (1) Regardless of the type of initial operation, a significant rate of recurrence can be anticipated. (2) Progressive aortic insufficiency and fibromuscular tunnel stenosis occur commonly unless adequate relief of the obstruction is achieved by the first operation. (3) Because repeat resection with left ventricular myectomy is unlikely to be effective when aortic insufficiency and/or tunnel stenosis are present, aortoventriculoplasty should be employed as the definitive reoperative procedure. PMID- 6538251 TI - Induction of differentiation in HL60 leukaemic cells: a cell cycle dependent all or-none event. AB - The human leukaemia cell line (HL60) shows a limited capacity to differentiate spontaneously, but this property can be greatly enhanced by chemical inducers. Sodium butyrate induced differentiation in virtually 100% of HL60 cells over a four-day interval to cells with multiple phenotypic markers of monocytes. Clonogenic analysis in agar demonstrated that differentiated cells (either spontaneous or induced) irreversibly lost clonogenic potential. This appeared to be an all-or-none process with unaffected cells exhibiting unaltered clonogeneity. A study of the kinetics of colony formation showed that most, if not all, cells completed one division in the presence of butyrate and sometimes several divisions before loss of proliferative potential. Despite the uniform spectrum of cell cycle states present in HL60 cultures when butyrate was added, all differentiated cells were shown to be arrested in G1. Evidence was obtained suggesting that the 'switch' into the differentiation pathway occurred during a restricted stage of the cell cycle, either late in the cycle (G2-M) or early in G1. PMID- 6538252 TI - Interaction of fibrinolytic activity between the tracheobronchial secretion and circulating blood of rats. AB - In order to clarify the origin and release mechanism of plasminogen activator in the tracheobronchial secretion of rats, electrophoretic analysis of the secretion and studies on the effects of certain vasoactive drugs on the activator activity in the secretion were carried out. From the results of electrophoretic analysis of the tracheobronchial secretion in non-treated rats, protease inhibitor composed of glycoprotein was not contained in the secretion in contrast to the circulating blood, but a protein of low molecular weight like albumin in the circulating blood was contained in the secretion. Furthermore, after injection of noradrenalin, the blood pressure was temporarily elevated and the fibrinolytic activity of the euglobulin fraction in the circulatory blood was also increased. Subsequent to this elevation of fibrinolytic activity in the circulating blood, the fibrinolytic activity in the tracheobronchial secretion increased. Based on these results, it is suggested that the increase of fibrinolytic activity in the circulating blood was due to increased release of plasminogen activator from the vascular wall, and the increased fibrinolytic activity of the tracheobronchial secretion was caused by a consequent increased transudation of plasminogen activator from the circulating blood into the tracheobronchial lumen. PMID- 6538253 TI - Reversal of amphetamine-induced circling preference in trained circling rats. AB - Others have shown that amphetamine given to normal rats causes turning in a particular, preferred direction in most animals. We have studied the effect of training on amphetamine-induced behavioral and biochemical asymmetries in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Water deprived animals were trained to circle either in the same or opposite direction to their intrinsic bias using a sucrose water reward. Acquisition of the learned circling behavior was independent of turning preference and all animals were able to make the operant association. After training, animals given amphetamine turned in the trained direction regardless of their previous circling preference. Amphetamine-induced circling also led to increased dopamine concentrations in caudate contralateral to the trained circling direction. Therefore, intrinsic striatal lateralization is not resistant to behavioral modification and both the behavioral and biochemical asymmetries can be reversed by circling training. PMID- 6538254 TI - Methadone induced physical dependence in the rat. AB - Although the morphine withdrawal syndrome has been well described in the rat, a syndrome having similar characteristics has not been demonstrated following chronic methadone treatment. In this study we describe the behavioral effects produced by naloxone (4 mg/kg sc) following 72 hours of continuous iv infusion of methadone, (12.2 micrograms/kg/min), morphine (12.2 to 97.9 micrograms/kg/min) or saline. The cessation of methadone or morphine but not saline treatment followed by naloxone resulted in graded signs including wet dog shakes, escape attempts, self-stimulation and body weight loss and quantal signs including diarrhea, ear blanching, exophthalmos, ptosis, tachypnea and teeth chattering. These results indicate that this mode of methadone administration produces physical dependence characterized by a morphine-like withdrawal syndrome in the rat. PMID- 6538255 TI - Intravenous cis-platinum for invasive bladder cancer. Safety and feasibility of a new approach. AB - The five-year survival rate of patients with locally invasive bladder cancer (stages T3-T4, Nx, Mo) is less than 50% whatever treatment is given. In an effort to improve the prognosis of patients with this disease, we have incorporated into a management protocol two cycles of intravenous administration of cis-platinum before surgery or radiotherapy (which function as the "definitive" treatment). In 10 of the first 12 patients treated, tumour necrosis has been demonstrated histologically, and definite clinical responses have been observed in eight patients after two cycles of cis-platinum treatment. The toxicity has been acceptable, and subsequent management has not been compromised. PMID- 6538256 TI - Premenstrual tension and dysmenorrhoea. PMID- 6538257 TI - Cisplatinum-induced renal salt wasting. AB - We report two patients who developed high urinary excretion of sodium chloride after receiving cisplatinum. One patient became symptomatically hyponatremic during intravenous administration of hypotonic fluid. The second patient developed orthostatic hypotension. Urine sodium and chloride concentrations exceeded 130 mmol/liter despite hyponatremia or volume depletion. There was no evidence of adrenal cortical impairment and no improvement with fludrocortisone. We propose that cisplatinum may inhibit solute transport by the thick ascending limb of Henle, causing clinically significant, previously unreported toxicity in patients receiving chronic cisplatinum antitumor therapy. PMID- 6538260 TI - A protein from human placental nuclei binds preferentially to 5-methylcytosine rich DNA. AB - The methylation of vertebrate DNA at the 5-position of approximately 3-10% of its cytosine residues occurs in a sequence-specific and tissue-specific manner and has been implicated in the control of transcription. How these differences are established and how they mediate the initiation or maintenance of transcription are unknown. DNA methylation might also have other roles, such as modulating DNA replication, transposition, DNA repair or chromosome configuration. These other roles suggested for DNA methylation would be consistent with the finding that tissue-specific differences in methylation of certain gene regions, highly repeated satellite DNA sequences and whole genomes often do not correlate with transcriptional activity. For DNA methylation to modulate the expression, maintenance or duplication of chromosomes, there should be effector macromolecules, presumably proteins, which specifically recognize 5 methylcytosine (m5C) residues in DNA. We describe here the first identification of a mammalian protein that binds preferentially to m5C-rich DNA sequences. PMID- 6538259 TI - Modulation of cell-associated plasminogen activator activity by cocultivation of a stem cell and its tumorigenic descendant. AB - The effect of the presence of one cell type on the plasminogen activator activity of another cell type was studied. The cell types, AC and D, were isolated from a rat neuroblastoma (I. Imada and N. Sueoka, Dev. Biol. 66:97-108, 1978). AC cells are stem cells capable of multipotential differentiation in vitro and have little or no cell-associated plasminogen activator activity. D cells are tumorigenic and have high levels of cell-associated plasminogen activator activity. When AC cells were cocultivated with D cells, the plasminogen activator activity of the D cells was dramatically inhibited. The presence of as few as 1,250 AC cells inhibited 70% of the plasminogen activator activity of 20,000 D cells, as determined by a highly quantitative assay. The amount of inhibition by AC cells was proportional to the number of AC cells present. At increasing numbers of AC cells and a constant number of D cells, the Vmax for the activation of plasminogen proportionately decreased and the Km remained constant, implying that AC cells did not alter the structure or concentration of plasminogen. Inhibition was not mediated by a soluble inhibitor secreted by AC cells. Rather, attachment of AC cells adjacent to D cells, i.e., cell-to-cell contact, seemed to be required for inhibition. The substratum-attached material of AC cells, that which remained on the microwell surface after removal of AC cells with EDTA, inhibited D cell plasminogen activator activity. If plasminogen activator activity is involved in metastasis, then regulation of the plasminogen activator activity of one cell type by another cell type may be involved in determining which cells in a tumor can metastasize and where secondary tumors can arise. PMID- 6538258 TI - An X-linked gene affecting mouse cell DNA synthesis also affects production of unintegrated linear and supercoiled DNA of murine leukemia virus. AB - To identify specific cellular factors which could be required during the synthesis of retroviral DNA, we have studied the replication of murine leukemia virus in mouse cells temperature sensitive for cell DNA synthesis (M. L. Slater and H. L. Ozer, Cell 7:289-295, 1976) and in several of their revertants. This mutation has previously been mapped on the X chromosome. We found that a short incubation of mutant cells at a nonpermissive temperature (39 degrees C) during the early part of the virus cycle (between 0- to 20-h postinfection) greatly inhibited virus production. This effect was not observed in revertant or wild type cells. Molecular studies by the Southern transfer procedure of the unintegrated viral DNA synthesized in these cells at a permissive (33 degrees C) or nonpermissive temperature revealed that the levels of linear double-stranded viral DNA (8.8 kilobase pairs) were nearly identical in mutant or revertant cells incubated at 33 or 39 degrees C. However, the levels of two species of supercoiled viral DNA (with one or two long terminal repeats) were significantly lower in mutant cells incubated at 39 degrees C than in mutant cells incubated at 33 degrees C or in revertant cells incubated at 39 degrees C. Pulse-chase experiments showed that linear viral DNA made at 39 degrees C could not be converted into supercoiled viral DNA in mutant cells after a shift down to 33 degrees C. In contrast, such conversion was observed in revertant cells. Restriction endonuclease analysis did not detect differences in the structure of linear viral DNA made at 39 degrees C in mutant cells as compared to linear viral DNA isolated from the same cells at 33 degrees C. However, linear viral DNA made at 39 degrees C in mutant cells was poorly infectious in transfection assays. Taken together, these results strongly suggest that this X-linked gene, affecting mouse cell DNA synthesis, is operating in the early phase of murine leukemia virus replication. It seems to affect the level of production of unintegrated linear viral DNA only slightly while greatly reducing the infectivity of these molecules. In contrast, the accumulation of supercoiled viral DNA and subsequent progeny virus production are greatly reduced. Our pulse-chase experiments suggest that the apparent, but not yet identified, defect in linear viral DNA molecules might be responsible for their subsequent impaired circularization. PMID- 6538261 TI - [Recurrent subareolar breast abscess]. PMID- 6538262 TI - [Laser coagulation via the flexible fiber bronchoscope for the treatment of stenosing lesions of the central airways]. PMID- 6538263 TI - [Laser treatment in ophthalmology]. PMID- 6538264 TI - [Anejaculation]. PMID- 6538265 TI - Voiding disorders of childhood. PMID- 6538266 TI - Bacterial infections of the CNS in neutropenic patients. AB - In neutropenic patients, fever and mental status changes are frequently the only overt clinical manifestations of bacterial infections of the CNS. Prominent headache and meningeal signs are exceptional. CNS infections may occur even in patients receiving large doses of broad-spectrum antibiotics. CSF culture and Gram's stain are required to establish or exclude the diagnosis and are often positive, even in patients receiving antibiotics for other indications. The CSF cell counts and chemistries are helpful if abnormal, but, when normal, provide no assurance that infection is not present. The CSF glucose can be lowered in the absence of pleocytosis, but a low CSF glucose is neither sensitive (27% in this series) nor specific. Lumbar puncture is hazardous in many neutropenic patients because of simultaneous thrombocytopenia; lumbar puncture should be performed by an experienced physician after platelet transfusions. The outcome of CNS infection depends on the underlying clinical disorder and on bone marrow recovery. The use of third-generation cephalosporins, new semisynthetic penicillins, and intrathecal administration of aminoglycosides may improve outcome. PMID- 6538267 TI - Enhanced regional uptake of 2-deoxy-D-[14C]glucose in focal herpes simplex type 1 encephalitis: autoradiographic study in the rat. AB - We used the 2-deoxy-D-[14C]glucose (14C-DG) quantitative autoradiographic method to assess regional glucose metabolism in rats with focal herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) encephalitis. High 14C-DG uptake was detected in infected brain structures of both immunocompetent and immunosuppressed animals, likely as a result of increased glucose utilization by infected glia and neurons. Inflammatory infiltrates did not show augmented 14C-DG tissue uptake, and indeed regional isotope uptake declined in the later stages of infection as viral replication waned and necrosis developed. 14C-DG uptake was also depressed in uninfected brain regions that received afferents from the infected visual pathway. PMID- 6538268 TI - "Killer" cells in Duchenne disease: ultrastructural study. AB - Two fetuses at risk for X-linked recessive Duchenne muscular dystrophy and five affected boys were examined by electronmicroscopy. In all cases, numerous activated lymphocytes were found in different stages of invasion in muscle cells. Characteristic aggressor-muscle cell interactions were manifest by successive phases of cell-to-cell adherence and muscle cell destruction. Cell-mediated cytolysis may play an important role in the pathogenesis of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. PMID- 6538269 TI - The calcium antagonist properties of cyproheptadine: implications for antimigraine action. AB - Cyproheptadine is equipotent (IC50 = 41 to 45 nM) in blocking contractions of canine basilar artery segments induced by serotonin, norepinephrine, potassium, or calcium. Methysergide and amitriptyline display variable potencies in inhibiting contractions depending on the initiating agent. Propranolol, at concentrations to 10 micromolar, had minimal effect on vessel contractions. We conclude that the primary action of cyproheptadine in preventing induced contractions of the canine basilar artery is antagonism of calcium channels. This action is unique among drugs used for migraine prophylaxis and may have important implications for the treatment of headache and other neurologic disorders. PMID- 6538270 TI - HLA-linked complement markers in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease: C4 variant (C4B2) a possible marker for senile dementia of the Alzheimer type. AB - We determined the gene frequencies for the alleles of the HLA-linked complement markers C2, properdin factor B (BF), C4A (Rodgers) and C4B (Chido), and the red cell enzyme glyoxalase-I in 38 unrelated patients with senile dementia of the Alzheimer type, 42 patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease, and 59 unaffected, aged-matched control blood donors. In senile dementia of the Alzheimer type and in Parkinson's disease, no significant difference was found in the gene frequencies of alleles at either the BF, C2, or GLO-I locus compared with those of age-matched controls. In senile dementia of the Alzheimer type, a striking increase in the frequency of the rare C4B locus allele, C4*B2, was apparent, resulting in the high relative risk of RR = 8.8 (p less than 0.0001) for this disorder. PMID- 6538271 TI - Percutaneous transvascular treatment of giant carotid aneurysms: neuro ophthalmologic findings. AB - Twelve of 17 patients with cavernous carotid aneurysms had balloon embolization directed through a percutaneous double lumen catheter for progressive pain, ophthalmoplegia, or visual loss. Functional angiography was carried out with systemic heparinization and double-lumen balloon catheters to test tolerance to carotid occlusion. Eleven were successfully treated, though two patients with initial preservation of the ipsilateral carotid artery had unplanned deflation of the balloon, necessitating re-embolization. No serious permanent neurologic complications occurred. All patients had complete resolution of pain, and nine had improvement in the extraocular eye muscle and lid function. Balloon trapping of the cavernous carotid artery, rather than placing the balloon directly into the aneurysm, resulted in involution of the aneurysm and decompression of the involved cranial nerves. PMID- 6538272 TI - Myasthenia gravis: determinants for independent ventilation after transsternal thymectomy. AB - We evaluated the respiratory function of 32 patients with myasthenia gravis who had transsternal thymectomy. Preoperative clinical, pulmonary function, and respiratory muscle pressure data were submitted to stepwise logistic regression analysis to identify preoperative factors that correlated with duration of supported ventilation after surgery. Ten patients (31%) had postoperative supported ventilation for more than 3 days. The duration of ventilatory support correlated most closely with maximal static expiratory pressure (r = 0.714, p less than 0.001). Expiratory weakness, by reducing cough efficacy, seems to be the main determinant that predicts need for longer postoperative supported ventilation. PMID- 6538273 TI - Multifocal CT enhancement in MS. AB - Review of 146 CTs in 125 MS patients showed that 53.4% (39/73) of those done during acute relapse showed enhancing lesions. Of scans done during the "active" stage of disease, 40.8% (20/49) showed enhancement, whereas only 12.5% (3/24) showed enhancement during clinically inactive periods. Autopsy confirmation that enhancing lesions represent demyelinating plaques was obtained in one patient. This study shows that enhancing lesions in MS reflect biologic activity and are most likely to be seen during acute clinically apparent relapses. More than one half of the patients hospitalized with acute attacks appeared to be having multifocal relapses. These findings show that acute relapses are commonly multifocal and suggest that they are mediated by blood-borne factors. PMID- 6538274 TI - Pure word deafness after bilateral primary auditory cortex infarcts. AB - In pure word deafness, comprehension and repetition of speech are impaired, but reading, writing, and spontaneous speech are preserved. Pure word deafness is distinguished from generalized auditory agnosia by the preserved ability to recognize environmental sounds. We examined a patient with pure word deafness associated with bilateral infarctions of the primary auditory cortex, who could use auditory affective intonation to enhance comprehension. The primary auditory cortex seems to be essential for comprehending speech, but comprehension of nonverbal sounds and affective prosody may be mediated by other cerebral structures such as the auditory association cortex. PMID- 6538275 TI - Myoglobinuria and carnitine palmityltransferase (CPT) deficiency: studies with malonyl-CoA suggest absence of only CPT-II. AB - A 23-year-old man suffered since adolescence from recurrent myoglobinuria. His ketone body production during fasting was normal. Muscle, liver, and platelet carnitine palmityltransferase (CPT) ranged from 4 to 27% of control by isotope exchange and backward assays. Forward CPT activity was 34% of control in liver, whereas in muscle and platelets it was either normal or absent depending on the experimental conditions. CPT residual activity was studied with malonyl-CoA, a physiologic inhibitor of CPT-I (sensitive fraction) in rat liver mitochondria. In our patient, the insensitive fraction was missing in muscle, liver, and platelets, while the sensitive fraction was increased considerably in the same tissues. Similar results were obtained in platelets of two other patients with CPT deficiency. Increased malonyl-CoA sensitive CPT and decreased malonyl-CoA insensitive CPT suggest absence of only the CPT-II isoenzyme in these patients. PMID- 6538276 TI - Fulminant polyneuritis after overdose of disulfiram and ethanol. AB - A 39-year-old woman developed a severe sensorimotor polyneuritis after simultaneous ingestion of ethanol and disulfiram in high doses. The disorder was similar to other cases of disulfiram neuropathy, but was acute and more severe. Disulfiram can cause a fulminant polyneuropathy that is not always benign and reversible. PMID- 6538277 TI - Occult encephaloceles and temporal lobe epilepsy: developmental and acquired lesions in the middle fossa. AB - Three patients with medically refractory partial complex seizures were shown to have small and initially unsuspected encephaloceles of the middle fossa. All had bitemporal, independent, interictal epileptogenic abnormalities, and the side of origin of the seizures could not be determined by surface EEG alone. The encephaloceles were missed on the initial radiologic studies and were found retrospectively in two patients; the third was found at operation and was not demonstrable radiologically, even in retrospect. One was the sequel of remote mastoid surgery, another was neoplasm-related, and the third, developmental. In all, bony defects of the middle cranial fossa were associated with temporal lobe herniation. The patients were treated surgically and have had no further partial complex seizures since operation. PMID- 6538278 TI - Left-handedness in early and late onset dementia. AB - Sixty-five men with the diagnosis of dementia of the Alzheimer type were divided into two groups, according to age at onset of dementia before or after 65 years. A handedness questionnaire was then completed for each patient. There was a significantly higher prevalence of left-handedness in the early, as compared with the late, onset group. Taken together with other data, this finding suggests that presenile dementia (Alzheimer's disease) and senile dementia "of the Alzheimer type " may not be biologically identical. PMID- 6538279 TI - Acute ventilatory failure and myoglobinuria. AB - The prognosis of myoglobinuria is good even when acute renal failure occurs. We describe two patients who died from acute ventilatory failure due to myopathic involvement of the respiratory muscles. This rare complication of myoglobinuria has a high mortality despite ventilatory support. PMID- 6538280 TI - EEG in cough syncope. AB - In 17 patients with cough syncope, electroencephalograms showed normal interictal recordings in 12 patients, minimally abnormal recordings in 4, and a moderately abnormal recording in 1. Fourteen episodes of cough syncope (six patients) were recorded, with the EEGs showing diffuse theta and delta slowing during the episodes. These findings were similar to those seen during other types of syncope. Although eight patients had rhythmic or clonic-like movements during the episodes, no epileptiform activity was seen. The exact mechanism of cough syncope is not known, but the vigorous coughing probably increases CSF pressure enough to impair intracranial circulation, causing syncope due to cerebral ischemia. PMID- 6538281 TI - New antigen for antibody detection in myasthenia gravis. AB - We assayed anti-acetylcholine receptor (AChR) antibodies in 61 myasthenic patients using human and fetal calf muscle AChR as antigen. Anti-AChR antibodies were detected in 85% of patients with human AChR and in 80% with fetal calf AChR. In 27 patients, the titers detected with fetal calf AChR were higher than those obtained with human AChR. Titers with different fetal calf AChR preparations were reproducible. Fetal calf AChR is a suitable antigen for immunologic analysis of myasthenic patients. PMID- 6538282 TI - Management of lobar intracerebral hemorrhage: medical or surgical. AB - Two case histories of left parietal hemorrhage, with CTs, were evaluated by 88 board-certified neurologists and 114 board-certified neurosurgeons. Among the neurologists, 24% would have referred both patients for removal of the hemorrhage, 24% would have referred one of them, and 52% would have referred neither. Among the neurosurgeons, 47% would have operated on both patients, 25% on one of them, and 28% on neither. The lack of consensus probably results from an imperfect understanding of the natural history of these lesions. Controlled studies, or at least large retrospective studies, are needed to clarify this important therapeutic issue. PMID- 6538283 TI - Motor paralysis increases brain uptake of lidocaine during status epilepticus. AB - The effect of pH on brain uptake of lidocaine during status epilepticus was studied by comparing blood and brain lidocaine concentrations and pH in paralyzed and nonparalyzed rats during pentylenetetrazol-induced status. Status produced both brain and blood acidosis; paralysis prevented the blood acidosis. Both brain and blood lidocaine concentrations were increased in the status animals. The increase in brain lidocaine was greatest (10-fold over control) in animals paralyzed during status. These findings probably reflect the fall in brain and blood pH during status affecting the partitioning of the weak base lidocaine (pKa 7.86). Paralysis prevents blood, but not brain, acidosis, thereby maximizing the pH gradient and partitioning of lidocaine into the brain. PMID- 6538284 TI - Persistent Broca's aphasia after right cerebral infarction in a right-hander. AB - A strongly right-handed man developed sudden mutism and left hemiplegia 2 days after a myocardial infarct. Evaluation 6 1/2 years later revealed persistent Broca's aphasia. There was no clinical, CT, or EEG evidence of left brain injury or disease. This case is another example of dissociation of cerebral dominance for speech and handedness. However, the severe and persistent language disorder is rare. The paucity of documented case reports supports the traditional view of strong interdependence of handedness and speech cerebral lateralization. PMID- 6538285 TI - Ocular dipping. AB - In ocular dipping, a slow downward motion of the eyes is followed by a delay at the extreme of downgaze and terminated by a quick return to midposition. A 53 year-old man developed ocular dipping following prolonged hypotension. In contrast to previously described cases, we were unable to observe a delay phase in some cycles of dipping. Videotape analysis documented delays of 0.06 to 0.12 seconds in the cycles. At autopsy, there were hypoxic changes bilaterally in the cerebellum and hippocampi. Only one other such patient has been autopsied. This disorder has no localizing significance. PMID- 6538286 TI - ALS and heavy metals: a pilot case-control study. AB - We conducted a case-control study of suspected risk factors for ALS among referral patients seen at the Mayo Clinic. Responses to questions about demographic factors, diet, medical history, travel, infectious disease, and other variables were similar in ALS patients and controls. In all but a few items, the responses of the cases and controls did not differ significantly. A significant level of shared exposure to an exogenous agent or environmental insult among cases was noted mainly for heavy metals. PMID- 6538287 TI - Renal function and therapeutic concentrations of phenytoin. AB - The plasma protein binding of phenytoin was studied in 40 adult patients with varying degrees of renal function impairment. The patients had stable renal function and no other condition known to alter phenytoin binding. Binding was measured by equilibrium dialysis, and the apparent affinity constant was calculated using the binding data and the measured serum albumin concentration. The apparent affinity of the drug decreased with a decrease in renal function. The decrease was most apparent in patients with creatinine clearances below 25 ml/min. The importance of altered binding on the therapeutic range is discussed, and a method of calculating equivalent therapeutic phenytoin concentrations from serum albumin and renal function is described. PMID- 6538288 TI - Visual anomia ... PMID- 6538289 TI - Seizure management in the hepatic porphyrias: results from a cell-culture model of porphyria. PMID- 6538291 TI - Plasmapheresis in MS. PMID- 6538290 TI - Diflunisal in idiopathic Parkinson's disease. PMID- 6538292 TI - Estrogens and dyskinesia. PMID- 6538293 TI - CT after metrizamide myelography. PMID- 6538294 TI - Recovery from drug-induced coma. PMID- 6538295 TI - Palatal myoclonus disappears in sleep. PMID- 6538297 TI - American Academy of Neurology. 36th annual meeting. Boston, Massachusetts, April 8-14, 1984. Abstracts. PMID- 6538296 TI - Sudden death in Moersch-Woltman. PMID- 6538298 TI - Anatomic basis of transcortical motor aphasia. AB - Analysis of language profiles and CT anatomy in transcortical motor aphasia (TCMA) suggests that the essential lesion is disruption of connections at sites between the supplementary motor area and the frontal perisylvian speech zone. If the lesion is extended, there may also be poor articulation (lesion deep to motor strip for face), impaired auditory comprehension (lesion in anterior head of caudate, anterior limb internal capsule, anterior putamen, and anterior portion of external capsule, claustrum, extreme capsule, and insula), or stuttering (lesion in pars opercularis and lower third of premotor region). This concept unifies disparate anatomic and psychophysiologic observations about three syndromes: classical TCMA, aphasia after left medial frontal infarction, and TCMA during recovery from Broca's aphasia. PMID- 6538299 TI - The significance of carotid stenosis or ulceration. AB - Data from the medical treatment group of the Aspirin in TIA study were reviewed, and prospective analysis of patients with asymptomatic bruits was performed to see whether carotid stenosis (0 to 49% or 50 to 99%) or ulceration produced an increased risk of ipsilateral TIA or infarct. In symptomatic arteries, greater than 50% stenosis without ulceration implied a higher risk of subsequent symptoms. Ulceration was associated with an increased risk only in nonstenotic vessels. Lesion anatomy was not related to outcome in asymptomatic arteries, and the incidence of cerebral infarct was low. Factors other than anatomy must play a large role in determining subsequent risk. PMID- 6538300 TI - Adult fucosidosis: histochemical and ultrastructural studies of rectal mucosa biopsy. AB - Three sisters with adult fucosidosis showed prominent psychomotor retardation, gargoyle features, and angiokeratoma corporis diffusum, meeting the criteria for type II fucosidosis. By histochemical and ultrastructural studies, biopsy of rectal mucosa revealed many abnormal macrophages that were filled with fucose rich granules, and electronmicroscopic examination showed several types of characteristic inclusions in the endothelial cells, fibroblasts, and Schwann's cells. PMID- 6538301 TI - Multiple sclerosis in Finland: evidence of increasing frequency and uneven geographic distribution. AB - For the present incidence study of multiple sclerosis (MS) in Finland, reliable data since 1964 were available. The mean annual incidence rate of MS was significantly higher in the western part (3.3 per 100,000) than in the southern part of the country (2.2 per 100,000). The mean annual incidence for all MS patients was highest during the second of the three 5-year periods from 1964 to 1978. However, the incidence for women in the western part increased also thereafter. At the same time, the female-to-male incidence ratio changed from 1.0 to 2.2. The results confirmed an uneven distribution with a stable cluster of MS in the western part of the country. PMID- 6538302 TI - Crossed Wernicke's aphasia. AB - Severe Wernicke's aphasia occurred suddenly in a right-handed man and persisted with little improvement until he died 54 days later. Postmortem examination showed an infarct in the posterior temporoparietal region of the right hemisphere. This case demonstrates two new features of crossed dextral aphasia. First, language skills may be fully lateralized to the right hemisphere in right handed patients. Second, when crossed lateralization occurs, the usual localization of aphasic syndromes is common, suggesting that the intrahemispheric organization mediating language activities is the same in the right hemisphere of the crossed dextral and the left hemisphere of the typical right-handed individual. PMID- 6538303 TI - Bacterial meningitis in infancy: effects on intracranial pressure and cerebral blood flow velocity. AB - The effects of acute bacterial meningitis on intracranial pressure (ICP) and cerebral blood flow velocity (CBFV) were studied in four older infants (mean age, 5.75 months) and in four newborns. ICP and CBFV were affected in the older infants, but not in the newborns. In the older infants, ICP was markedly elevated in the first 2 days of illness (mean peak ICP, 240 mm H2O). With resolution of intracranial hypertension in the next few days, CBFV increased approximately 80%. In the newborns, there was no marked elevation of ICP or change in CBFV. Impaired cerebral perfusion, due to intracranial hypertension, is a potential cause of brain injury in older infants. Other mechanisms of brain injury may be more important in newborns. PMID- 6538304 TI - Construction of the annual meeting program of the Academy. AB - Six hundred of 912 papers submitted were accepted for presentation at the 1983 Annual Meeting of the AAN. A statistical study of scoring by individual members of the Committee showed significant mean score differences. A normalization procedure for scoring was compared with the actual meeting scores and selections. A substantial difference in 3 of 19 program categories and lesser changes in 14 others occurred. It is no longer feasible for each submission to be evaluated by all committee members. Four readers per paper and normalization of scores will result in a program reflecting the broad interests of the Academy membership. PMID- 6538305 TI - Clinical-CT correlations in intracranial suppurative (bacterial) disease. PMID- 6538306 TI - Pyruvate carboxylase activity in subacute necrotizing encephalopathy (Leigh's disease). AB - Leigh's disease is a heterogeneous group of disorders, in which clinical and biochemical features suggest abnormal pyruvate metabolism. In two patients with Leigh's disease, diagnosed according to rigorous clinical, radiographic, and histologic criteria, we tested the hypothesis that pyruvate carboxylase deficiency might be the primary etiology. Pyruvate carboxylase specific activities in extracts of cultured skin fibroblasts from both patients were in the normal range. These results, together with other evidence, suggest that isolated pyruvate carboxylase deficiency does not cause the Leigh's disease phenotype. PMID- 6538307 TI - Syncope induced by glossopharyngeal neuralgia: sympathetic outflow to muscle. AB - We studied a patient who regularly developed asystole and fainted during attacks of glossopharyngeal neuralgia. A cardiac pacemaker did not prevent syncope. Spontaneous sympathetic activity in muscle nerves disappeared during the attacks, and blood pressure fell despite a functioning pacemaker. Fainting probably resulted from abnormal spread of afferent impulses from the neuralgic trigger zone in the pharynx to brainstem vasomotor centers. Presumably, the pacemaker failed to prevent syncope because of the profound sympathetic inhibition that coincided with cardiac vagal excitation. PMID- 6538308 TI - Pentazocine abuse masquerading as familial myopathy. AB - A 58-year-old man and his two young adult children showed fixed abduction of the arms, mild proximal weakness, and muscle induration. The skin over the upper arms, buttocks, and thighs was sclerotic and contained numerous healed punctate ulcers. One patient required skin grafting because of large, active ulcers on both arms. The initial diagnosis was an obscure inherited disorder, but each patient eventually admitted chronic self-injection of pentazocine, which was suspected because of the characteristic clinical findings. PMID- 6538309 TI - Positional vertigo and the cerebellar vermis. AB - A patient with lower and posterior vermis hematoma presented with truncal ataxia; paroxysmal, positional, downbeating nystagmus; and saccade dysmetria. Drainage of the hematoma resulted in complete resolution of all signs and symptoms. PMID- 6538311 TI - Infiltrative orbitopathy, optic disk edema, and POEMS. AB - The polyneuropathy, organomegaly, edema, monoclonal protein, and skin changes (POEMS) syndrome is a multisystem disorder of unknown etiology. Neurologic manifestations include polyneuropathy, optic disk edema, and intracranial hypertension. We studied a patient with POEMS syndrome who had an infiltrative orbitopathy. PMID- 6538310 TI - Serum and muscle potassium in experimental alcoholic myopathy. AB - We investigated the possible role of potassium deficiency, a recognized cause of myopathy, in the pathogenesis of experimental acute alcoholic myopathy (EAM) in the rat. Alcohol-treated animals receiving the same dietary potassium as controls developed mild hypokalemia; however, muscle potassium was preserved or elevated even in the presence of scattered muscle fiber necrosis. Increasing dietary potassium raised serum potassium but did not prevent EAM. These data indicate that hypokalemia in EAM is due to potassium redistribution between intra- and extracellular compartments rather than potassium deficiency, and confirm clinical observations that alcohol-induced muscle injury occurs independently of potassium deficiency. PMID- 6538312 TI - Distribution of freeze-fracture particle sizes in Duchenne muscle plasma membrane. AB - We studied the distribution of freeze-fracture intramembranous particle (IMP) sizes in Duchenne muscle biopsies and controls. We found that the previously reported decrease in muscle plasma membrane particle density in Duchenne includes a variety of different IMPs, but does not preferentially involve IMPs of any one size. PMID- 6538313 TI - Failure of preference formation in amnesia. AB - Information about the frequency of a stimulus influences the formation of preference judgments in normal subjects. In contrast, results show that patients who have amnesic syndromes have difficulty generating preferences on the basis of frequency information. It is unlikely that difficulty in forming preferences is caused merely by poor mnemonic capacity. Patients with amnesia may lack the affective response to stimuli that may be important for remembering events. PMID- 6538314 TI - Correlating auditory evoked and brainstem histologic abnormalities in infantile Gaucher's disease. AB - In an infant with Gaucher's disease, brainstem auditory evoked responses were abnormal on three separate occasions. Only waves I and II were typically present at standard intensity settings, although a third peak was elicited at 88 dB. Histologic studies demonstrated absence of neurons in the cochlear nuclei and a hypoplastic superior olivary complex. This neurophysiologic-pathologic correlation supports contentions that both brainstem auditory evoked response (BAER) waves I and II arise from the auditory nerve and that it may be capable of generating additional peaks. PMID- 6538315 TI - B-mode real-time ultrasonic carotid imaging: impact on decision-making and prediction of surgical findings. AB - The roles of B-mode real-time ultrasonic imaging (USI) and carotid angiography (CAG) in deciding on endarterectomy were analyzed. When greater than 50% stenosis and/or complicated ulceration were predicted by both techniques, endarterectomy was undertaken in 21/25; by only CAG in 5/8; and by only USI in 10/21. In vessels with adequate surgical data, stenosis was accurately predicted by CAG in 27/32, USI in 20/32, and ulceration by both CAG and USI in 21/29. USI results were sometimes used to justify endarterectomy despite unimpressive CAG. CAG is a better predictor of stenosis, whereas both are limited in predicting ulceration. PMID- 6538316 TI - Idiopathic hyperCKemia. AB - In three adult men, serum creatine kinase activity was constantly raised for at least 4 years. They had been normal in other neuromuscular functions and did not have any established disease. Quantitative morphologic and pharmacologic studies were performed on biopsied muscle. The biceps brachii of patient 1 contained 0.3% necrotic fibers. In patient 2, only slight variation of muscle fiber diameter was noted. Muscle of patient 3 contained a few small angular fibers, and 11% of fibers exhibited internal nuclei. Sensitivity to caffeine in vitro was increased in patients 2 and 3, as seen in survivors of malignant hyperthermia; patients in hyperCKemia may be susceptible to malignant hyperthermia. PMID- 6538317 TI - Polystyrene latex particles as indicators of abnormal plasma properties in multiple sclerosis. AB - Polystyrene latex particles were incubated in plasma from multiple sclerosis (MS) patients or normal subjects. Compared with plasma from healthy controls, MS plasma produced a significantly lower mean electrophoretic mobility of the latex particles after the addition of linoleic acid. The effect was similar to that found when erythrocytes were used as the indicator particle. However, the result with latex particles demonstrates that the phenomenon originates from a plasma component of MS patients rather than from an intrinsic difference in membranes of the red blood cell. PMID- 6538318 TI - Clinical features of meningovascular syphilis. AB - Meningovascular syphilis presents as a subacute encephalitic syndrome with superimposed cerebrovascular events that may evolve gradually. This picture differs from the more common cases of thrombotic or embolic stroke. Optimal treatment is uncertain, and requires monitoring of spinal fluid abnormalities until they return to normal. PMID- 6538319 TI - Rating parkinsonian disability. PMID- 6538320 TI - The nervous system and relapsing polychondritis. PMID- 6538321 TI - PD and the Columbia Scale. PMID- 6538322 TI - Orgasmic epilepsy. PMID- 6538324 TI - PPA and neurologic complications. PMID- 6538323 TI - Two-dimensional electrophoresis. PMID- 6538325 TI - External bladder--amniotic fluid shunt for fetal urinary tract obstruction. AB - Ultrasound diagnosis of bilateral hydronephrosis, hydroureters, and megacystis together with oligohydramnios secondary to urethral stenosis was made in a male fetus at 29 weeks' gestation. In utero decompression of the obstructed urinary tract and expansion of the amniotic fluid was achieved by placing an external bladder-amniotic fluid shunt using two catheters, one inserted into the fetal bladder and the other placed in the amniotic sac. The infant was delivered by cesarean section at 35 weeks' gestation and had a favorable outcome. PMID- 6538326 TI - Babesiosis in pregnancy. AB - Babesiosis is a malaria-like illness due to intraerythrocytic protozoan parasites. To the authors' knowledge, this unusual disease has not previously been described in a pregnant woman. Herein is reported the case of a gravid woman with an intact spleen who developed infection with Babesia microti in the fifth month of gestation. Her illness resolved following supportive care only, and evidence of transmission of disease to the fetus was not found. PMID- 6538327 TI - Treatment of advanced or recurrent endometrial adenocarcinoma with cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, cis-Platinum, and megestrol acetate. AB - A prospective clinical trial using combination chemotherapy consisting of cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, cis-Platinum and megestrol acetate (CAP-M) was initiated to study its effect on advanced or recurrent endometrial adenocarcinoma. Fifteen patients were clinically evaluable. Nine patients (60%) demonstrated an overall objective clinical response resulting in either complete regression of disease (33%) or a reduction in tumor size. For all responders the mean progression free interval was eight months, with a range of five to 11 months. Similarly, a mean survival time of 12 months with a range of five to 21 months was observed. An additional four patients showed no progressive disease for a mean of seven months duration. Reversible cis-Platinum-induced nephrotoxicity occurred in two patients. This is the first reported series of endometrial cancer patients using nonhormonal cytotoxic agents, including cis Platinum, in conjunction with a progestin. This preliminary experience is encouraging and appears worthy of further clinical evaluation. PMID- 6538329 TI - Sensitization of combined cis-platinum and cyclophosphamide by local hyperthermia in mice bearing the Lewis lung carcinoma. AB - The combined effect of cis-platinum cyclophosphamide, and local hyperthermia was investigated in mice bearing the metastatic Lewis lung carcinoma. The combined action of cyclophosphamide and cis-platinum resulted in an additive effect. The triple combination of cis-platinum, cyclophosphamide and local hyperthermia revealed thermal potentiation of the combined drug-induced growth delay. PMID- 6538328 TI - Criteria for the establishment of a double-labeling assay for simultaneous determination of estrogen and progesterone receptors. AB - The availability of [125I]-16 alpha-iodo-3,17 beta-estradiol ( [125I]-E2) with binding characteristics similar to estrogen receptor (ER) enabled us to establish a double-labeling assay for the simultaneous determination of ER and progesterone receptors (PgR) using 125I-E2 and [3H]-R5020. The criteria for the establishment of such a double-labeling assay are described. 150 human mammary tumor cytosols have been investigated with the standard routine receptor assay for ER as well as PgR and the results were compared to those obtained by the double-labeling assay. ER: a coefficient of correlation of 0.691 was obtained, the parameters of the regression line were Y = 1.025 X X-0.036. When referring to the standard assay, 3 determinations were false-positive and 4 false-negative. PgR: a correlation coefficient of 0.984 was found, the parameters of the regression line were Y = 0.960 X X + 12.16. One value was false-negative and 1 false-positive. An equivalence of the two methods could be demonstrated. This new assay reduces by half the amount of tissue necessary for a valid 4- to 6-point saturation analysis, the time required for performing the assay and its cost. PMID- 6538330 TI - [Immuno-hemolysis and immuno-thrombocytopenia in Hodgkin's disease]. PMID- 6538331 TI - Estimation of dietary sodium intake in children. AB - To examine the utility of nocturnal urine collections in the estimation of dietary sodium intake in children, 29 families who agreed to lower their dietary sodium intake to less than 65 mEq/d were studied. A total of 58 adults and 95 children collected urine specimens weekly or biweekly before and after being instructed in a dietary sodium restriction regimen. Urine collections were fractionated into a diurnal and nocturnal portion. Sodium was measured directly, and estimated by measuring chloride excretion with a chloride titrator stick. Nocturnal chloride and 24-hour sodium excretion were highly correlated in adults (r = .75), and slightly less so (r = .56) in children. The slopes of the relationships were not different. Discriminant analysis showed that two or more chloride estimates permitted classification of both adults and children into the low sodium intake category with 100% accuracy, and into the normal sodium intake category with 75% accuracy. It was concluded that nocturnal chloride estimates are as useful in estimating compliance to a reduced sodium intake in children as in adults. PMID- 6538332 TI - The nucleotide sequences of 5S rRNAs from a fern Dryopteris acuminata and a horsetail Equisetum arvense. AB - The nucleotide sequences from two Pteridophyta species, a fern Dryopteris acuminata and a horsetail Equisetum arvense have been determined. These two sequences are more related to those of the Bryophyta species (88% identity on average) than to those of seed plants (84% identity on average). PMID- 6538333 TI - Disseminated zygomycosis in a newborn. PMID- 6538334 TI - Niacin and tryptophan requirements of mule ducklings fed corn and soy-based diets. AB - Experiments were conducted to determine the dietary niacin and tryptophan requirements of mule ducklings fed a corn-soy basal diet. In niacin requirement experiments, day-old, straight-run mule ducklings were fed diets supplemented with graded levels of niacin for 3 weeks. The results showed that the minimum niacin requirement was 45 mg/kg of the diet. For the determination of the optimal tryptophan in the diet, day-old ducklings of mixed sexes were fed a starter diet for 1 week, and then fed for 12 days experimental diets with graded tryptophan levels and containing 18.0% crude protein and 3013 kcal ME/kg. The minimum tryptophan requirement for maximum growth and feed efficiency was .23% of the diet or 1.28% of the dietary crude protein. Further experiments were performed by using a 3 (niacin 20, 50, and 80 mg/kg) x 4 (total tryptophan .13, .23, .33, and .43% of air-dried diet) factorial design to investigate the relationship between niacin and tryptophan. It was concluded that excess tryptophan could spare the ducklings' need for niacin. Conversely, excess niacin failed to compensate for a deficiency of tryptophan. Maximum growth was obtained and bowed-leg disorder was prevented by the addition of sufficient niacin or tryptophan to the basal diets. PMID- 6538335 TI - The effects of management program and social rank on behavior and productivity of white leghorn layers in cages. AB - The effects of three management programs for behavioral and production performance traits of caged layers were evaluated. Management programs consisted of 5 birds per cage; (1) in deep cages, (2) shallow cages, both with full feed, and (3) shallow cages with restricted feeding. Feeding frequencies, aggressive activity, egg production, egg weights, body weights, and egg shell strengths were determined for social ranks within cage groups. Feed usage was determined for management programs only. Social rank effects for feeding frequencies were observed (P less than or equal to .05) with reduced feedings for the lowest rank in Programs 1 and 3. Egg production was significantly (P less than or equal to .05) reduced for the lowest social rank with the feed restriction program. No differences for body weights, weight gains, egg size, and shell breaking strength were observed among social ranks. Management program significantly (P less than or equal to .05) affected aggressive activity, body weights and feed usage. Birds in shallow cages with full feeding recorded the fewest number of total aggressive acts, whereas birds in shallow cages with feed restriction recorded the most total aggressive acts. Birds in shallow cages with full feeding had larger body weights, weight gains, and used more feed. PMID- 6538337 TI - Sclerosing cholangitis: cholescintigraphy with Tc-99m-labeled DISIDA. AB - Four patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) were examined with the hepatobiliary agent Tc-99m-labeled DISIDA (diisopropylphenylcarbamoyl iminodiacetic acid), and the results correlated with those of invasive cholangiography. Three of the four patients exhibited a typical pattern of multiple, persistent focal "hot spots" in the duct system, representing stasis within the segmental ductal dilatations (beading), also seen on cholangiography. Cholescintigraphy is superior to cholangiography in cases of suspected PSC where there is nonfilling of biliary radicals due to high-grade stenosis. The finding of delayed hepatic parenchymal clearance can allow estimation of the degree of obstruction of the various branches of the major bile ducts. Cholescintigraphy offers a noninvasive method of investigating patients with suspected sclerosing cholangitis, leading to earlier diagnosis. Confirmation with invasive cholangiographic procedures is recommended. PMID- 6538336 TI - Behavior and growth parameters of large white turkeys as affected by floor space and beak trimming. 1. Males. AB - The effects of floor space and beak trimming on behavior and growth of Large White male turkeys were investigated Floor space allowances were 6.5, 9.3, and 12.1 dm2/bird at 0 to 8 weeks; 11.7, 16.7, and 21.8 dm3/bird at 8 to 12 weeks; and 28, 35, and 42 dm3/bird at 12 to 20 weeks. Floor space was adjusted by changing the pen size while maintaining a constant number of birds per pen. Body weight, feed intake, feed efficiency, feather score, live market quality, and mortality were measured. In addition, agonistic behavior including "threat avoids", "peck avoids", "threat chases", "peck chases" and "fights", and nonagonistic behavior including feather "pecks" and "pecks and pulls" were determined at 12 and 20 weeks of age. Floor space had no significant effect on any parameter measured through 8 weeks. At 12 weeks, feed efficiency and body weight were significantly decreased with decreasing floor space. By 20 weeks, the body weight of the birds grown at the intermediate floor space allowance from 8 to 12 weeks was no longer significantly different from those grown at the highest floor space allowance; however, the birds grown at the highest density from 8 to 12 weeks remained significantly lighter at 20 weeks. Compensatory growth, if present, appeared limited. Beak trimming had no significant effect on body weight or feed efficiency. Food intake was significantly greater in the beak trimmed birds from 12 to 18, but there was no significant difference from 12 to 20 weeks. From 12 to 20 weeks, mortality was significantly less in beak-trimmed birds.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6538338 TI - Electroimmunoassay of sex hormone binding globulin. Enhanced sensitivity by autoradiography using A-ring 125I-17-beta-oestradiol. AB - Four different 125I-iodinated steroids were tested for their binding to human sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) using an electrophoretic technique. 17-beta oestradiol iodinated in its A-ring was found to bind with high affinity to SHBG. This radioactive steroid was used to increase the sensitivity of the electroimmunoassay of SHBG by adding the steroid to the samples before electroimmunoassay. The radioactive steroid incorporated into the immunoprecipitates could be observed by autoradiography. The sensitivity of the assay, which employed a rabbit antiserum against purified human SHBG and was standardized with pure SHBG, was about 0.2 mg/l. The precision of the method, calculated as the coefficient of variation within and between assays, was 2.4% and 2.6%, respectively, for values within the normal range. The mean SHBG concentration in healthy regularly menstruating women (n = 50) was 3.50 +/- 0.74 (SD) mg/l when measured in plasma, and 3.78 +/- 0.80 mg/l when measured in serum. The corresponding mean concentrations in healthy men (n = 28) were 2.26 +/- 0.45 mg/l in plasma and 2.44 +/- 0.49 mg/l in serum. The modified electroimmunoassay described in this paper is a simple modification, which increases the sensitivity sufficiently to permit reliable quantification of SHBG over the entire range of concentration which could be relevant in clinical practice. PMID- 6538339 TI - Computed tomographic brain scan of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. AB - Computed tomographic (CT) brain scan findings in a patient with severe thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) are described. Multiple scattered lucencies were noted which correlated with thrombotic occlusions found at autopsy. In this patient, the neurologic manifestations of TTP preceded the haemolytic anaemia. In the correct clinical setting, multiple areas of lucency should suggest multiple infarcts secondary to thrombotic vessel occlusions as a diagnostic possibility. PMID- 6538340 TI - In vitro immunoglobulin production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells from multiple myeloma patients and patients with benign monoclonal gammopathy. Regulation by cell subsets. AB - Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBM) from four patients with IgG myeloma and four patients with benign monoclonal gammopathy (BMG) were stimulated with pokeweed mitogen (PWM), and the in vitro immunoglobulin production over 7 days was measured with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. All myeloma patients were sufficiently treated with cytostatic drugs. Their PBM did not produce monoclonal Ig in vitro, as opposed to PBM from two patients with BMG. Unseparated PBM from myeloma patients produced smaller amounts of polyclonal Ig than unseparated cells from normal donors. However, macrophage-depleted PBM from myeloma patients produced amounts of Ig comparable to those of normal donors when autologous or allogeneic adherent cells were returned in defined numbers. T cells from three of the four myeloma patients could provide help for the Ig production by B cells from healthy donors. These results indicate that functionally normal polyclonal B cells circulate in the blood of myeloma patients. The circulating T-cell population also has no obvious defect. In contrast, blood macrophages seemed to be altered with respect to their regulating function for polyclonal Ig production. The results obtained by using cell populations from patients with BMG did not differ from those of healthy people. PMID- 6538341 TI - Genetic abnormalities of the fibrinolytic system. PMID- 6538342 TI - The role of hemostasis and fibrinolysis in the metastatic spread of cancer. PMID- 6538343 TI - Phaeohyphomycosis caused by Exophiala moniliae. AB - We studied two cases of phaeohyphomycosis that occurred in Japan. Histopathologic examination of biopsy material showed the presence of dematiaceous catenulate fungal cells and mycelium characteristic of phaeohyphomycosis. In detailed mycologic study of the two cultures isolated from the patients we found that both formed conidiogenous cells with proximal swellings with long, neck-like extensions bearing distinct annellations and clusters of conidia at their apices. The isolates were identified as Exophiala moniliae de Hoog. These two Japanese cases are the second and third known cases of phaeohyphomycosis caused by E. moniliae and the first recorded in that country. PMID- 6538344 TI - A Basidiobolus sp. and its association with reptiles and amphibians in southern Florida. AB - To provide information about the distribution of a Basidiobolus sp., an occasional pathogen in the subtropics and tropics, 95 reptiles and amphibians, comprising eight different species, were trapped from the beaches and inland habitats of Tampa and Miami, Florida. Five of the eight animal species were infested with Basidiobolus sp. Approximately 50% of the animals collected carried this zygomycete. Under laboratory conditions, it remained in the digestive tracts of some starved anoles for up to 3 weeks. Some animals, whose digestive tract was fungus-free, could be colonized with the Basidiobolus sp. by feeding them mealworms contaminated with propagules of this fungus. This finding alters, in a minor way, the present concept of the life history of the fungus. PMID- 6538345 TI - Morphologic development of the fetal trisomy 19 mouse. AB - Trisomy 19 mice show a characteristic pattern of delayed morphologic development when compared with normal littermates during the second half of gestation. Examinations of the external phenotype and sectioned fetuses, and skeletal maturation at later days, suggest that trisomy 19 has little recognizable effect on morphogenesis prior to 10 days. Trisomic conceptuses collected at subsequent 24-hour intervals show a 1-day lag in weight gain and begin to show a progressive and uniform delay in differentiation so that 14- and 15-day animals resemble 13- and 14-day normal fetuses, respectively. There is no further recognizable increase in this delay through term. There was no striking change in numbers of viable trisomic conceptuses collected throughout the period from 10 days to birth. These observations suggest that most trisomies surviving at 10 days will develop to term, with the major effect of the aneuploid genome being to delay the otherwise normal-appearing growth and development of the affected conceptuses. In all cases, the litters were from crosses between mice doubly heterozygous for the (5.19) and (9.19) Robertsonian translocation chromosomes. PMID- 6538346 TI - Effects of hypoxia and acidosis on vascular plasminogen activator release in the pig ear perfusion system. AB - The influence of hypoxia and acidosis on the release of vascular plasminogen activator was studied in the isolated perfused pig ear. Perfusion with deoxygenated or acid solutions led to significant increases in plasminogen activator release (p less than 0.001); acid solutions of pH 6.7 were more effective than those of pH 6.9. Perfusions with lactate and AMP, two metabolic products which might act as mediators of fibrinolytic stimulation during hypoxia, resulted in moderate increases of plasminogen activator in the effluent (p less than 0.01). PMID- 6538347 TI - Induction of plasminogen activator in a human diploid fibroblast cell line (MRC 5) by conditions which cause induction of interferon: the role of calcium ions. AB - The human diploid fibroblast cell line, MRC-5, derived from embryo lung tissue produced only small quantities of plasminogen activator (PA) when harvested using a standard nutrient medium (Eagle's Minimal Essential Medium, MEM). Use of a schedule designed to induce high concentrations of fibroblast interferon in these cells also resulted in production of considerably enhanced levels of PA. The kinetics of PA production differed from those of interferon production; specifically, PA was produced for at least 6 days following induction despite the toxicity of the inducers whereas interferon synthesis continued for only 1 day. Further investigation of the induction conditions for PA revealed that double stranded RNA which was absolutely required for interferon production was not required for induction of PA. Indeed, the stimulus for enhancement of PA production appeared to be solely an elevated concentration of calcium ions in the extracellular medium. The possible physiological relevance of this induction of PA by elevated concentrations of calcium ions is discussed. PMID- 6538349 TI - [Abortion in cattle]. AB - The main causes of abortion are reviewed in the present paper. The findings of importance in human cases are also discussed. Infections play an important role in bovine abortion. Particularly virus infection has become an increasingly prominent factor in recent years. However, the diagnosis is difficult in a number of cases. The quality of the specimens submitted and that of the examining laboratory are essential in establishing a diagnosis. Investigations on the cause of abortion will only serve their purpose when all the 'building-stones' required for these studies are available. These building-stones are: the freshest possible foetus, the placenta or a number of cotyledons, a detailed history and paired serum samples. PMID- 6538348 TI - [Herpes simplex virus infections in pregnant women and neonates]. PMID- 6538350 TI - Structure of the female reproductive tract of the apple snail. II. Scanning electron microscopy. AB - The albumen gland of Pomacea paludosa, a prosobranch gastropod, contains two main ducts. The albumen gland duct consists of a single layer of secretory and non secretory cells. The surface of the non-secretory cells is covered with cilia. Microvilli are associated with the luminal edges of the secretory cells. Globules of secretory products appear at the cell surfaces. The capsule gland duct coils through the albumen gland and is composed of two opposing faces each of two layers of cells. The upper layer consists of ciliated non-secretory cells and the microvilli covered necks of the goblet-shaped secretory cells. The bases of the secretory cells comprises the lower layer of cells. Differences in the arrangement of cellular processes and number exists between the duct epithelia. PMID- 6538351 TI - Junctional relationships between germinal cells and sustentacular cells in the testes of a palaemonid shrimp. AB - Testes of the palaemonid shrimp Macrobrachium rosenbergii were prepared for study in the light, scanning and transmission electron microscopes and shown to be composed of solid, convoluted cords of tissue composed of two major sets of cells, spermatogenic and sustentacular cells. Among the spermatogenic cells, preleptotene spermatocytes and encysted spermatozoa were of most frequent occurrence. The sustentacular cells sent long, cytoplasmic extensions ramifying between and around tightly packed spermatocytes of the seminiferous cords and separated the spermatocytes from the basal lamina which surrounded the cords. Spermatocytes formed desmosome-like and short gap junctions with one another, while sustentacular cells formed intermediate-like junctions and gap junctions with spermatocytes. No special junctions between one sustentacular cell and another were encountered in the present study. PMID- 6538352 TI - Filament-directed intercellular contacts during differentiation of cultured chick myoblasts. AB - Detergent-extracted, critical point dried chicken myoblasts at early stages of development in tissue culture were observed by electron microscopy. It was found that the organization of filaments within these cells changes significantly during development. A particular specialization of the cellular filament framework is the formation of microprocesses; long extensions of the cellular filament system. These microprocesses appear to be involved in cell-to-cell contact. The filaments of these processes appear to integrate with the filament system of a contacted cell, and possibly transmit tension from one cell to another. The role of these structures in effecting muscle differentiation by forming cytoplasmic connections and the implications for muscle gene expression are discussed. PMID- 6538353 TI - Fine structure of the chitin-protein system in the crab cuticle. AB - The fine structure of the organic matrix of the shore crab cuticle (Carcinus maenas L.), observed in transmission electron microscopy, reveals three different levels of organization of the chitin-protein complex. The highest level corresponds to the 'twisted plywood' organization described by Bouligand (1972). Horizontal microfibrils, parallel to the cuticle plane, rotate progressively from one level to another. When viewed in oblique section this structure gives superimposed series of nested arcs, visible in light microscopy or at the lowest magnifications of the electron microscope, in all the chitin-protein layers. At the highest magnifications of the electron microscope and with the best resolution, when the ultrathin sections are exactly transverse to the microfibril, a constant pattern can be observed which consists of rods transparent to electrons, which are embedded in an electron-opaque matrix. In cross-section, these rods often form more or less hexagonal arrays. We call a microfibril one rod and the adjacent opaque material, and question the usual interpretation of the microfibril molecular structure. Between these two levels of organization, there is an intermediate level, which corresponds to the grouping of microfibrils. Microfibrils form a dense structure, with few free spaces in the membranous layer, the deepest and non-calcified layer of the cuticle. In other parts of the cuticle, microfibrils are grouped into fibrils of various diameters or form a reticulate structure, the free spaces of the organic matrix being occupied by mineral. PMID- 6538354 TI - Cerebrovascular complications associated with idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis. AB - One hundred fifty patients with idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis (IHSS) were followed-up for an average of 5.5 years. There were 95 males and 55 females with a mean age of 51 years. Patients usually presented with cardiac symptoms or syncope; no patient presented with stroke. Eight patients (5%) died during follow up, all from cardiac causes. Eleven patients (7%) developed cerebrovascular complications; 5 (3%) had a stroke and 6 (4%) had TIA only. Patients with IHSS and atrial fibrillation have a much greater stroke risk. Mitral annulus calcification may also increase stroke risk in IHSS. However, stroke is almost never the presenting manifestation of IHSS, and the longterm risk of stroke for most patients with known IHSS is low. PMID- 6538355 TI - Effect of selective inhibitor of thromboxane A2 synthetase on experimental cerebral vasospasm. AB - Experimental cerebral vasospasm was induced in the canine basilar artery by an intracisternal injection of fresh autogenous arterial blood. Delayed vasospasm was defined as a reduction to less than 75% of the caliber of control basilar artery 5 days after the intracisternal blood injection. A selective inhibitor of thromboxane A2 synthetase, sodium(E)-3-[4-(3-pyridylmethyl) phenyl]-2-methyl-2 propenoate, was infused intravenously for 1 or 2 hrs at 50 micrograms/kg/min in normal animals exhibiting vasospasm. Angiographic evidence of cerebral vasospasm was not reversed. Mean regional cerebral blood flow was not significantly increased in normal and vasospastic animals, but a mean difference of regional cerebral blood flow was significantly increased only in vasospastic animals. Mean arterial blood pressure and pulse rate were not seriously changed in normal and spastic animals. Another selective thromboxane A2 synthetase inhibitor, (E)-3-[4 (1-imidazolylmethyl)phenyl]-2-propenoic acid hydrochloride monohydrate, showed a similar effect on the caliber of the basilar artery, regional cerebral blood flow, blood pressure, and pulse rate, in vasospastic animals. Venous blood was taken from the internal jugular vein, and the mean platelet aggregation induced by 10 micrograms/ml of collagen was inhibited by the infusion of either selective inhibitor at 50 micrograms/kg/min for 2 hrs. However, mean platelet aggregation rates in vasospastic animals before and after treatment with either selective inhibitor were not significantly different to those in normal animals. PMID- 6538356 TI - [Electron microscopic study of the differentiation of decidual cells. I. The ultrastructure of large decidual cells in the antimesometrial portion of the rat decidua]. AB - The large decidual cells (LDC) of the antimesometrial part of decidua in rats of 7-9 days of gestation were studied by electron microscope. The decidual tissue has an epithelium-like pattern of organization. The apical surface of LDC is facing the pericapillar space making numerous villi. Lateral surfaces of these cells maintain close contact with each other by means of zona adhaerens, gap junctions, spot desmosomes and simple junctions. Accumulation of electron dense granules measuring from 0.05 to 0.3 mkm is seen in the apical parts of LDC. The Golgi complex and rough endoplasmic reticulum are much developed. The material of rough endoplasmic reticulum is denser than the cell matrix. Disperse chromatin is seen in the nucleus, whereas the granular component is dominanting in the nucleolus. It is concluded that the LDC may have a high metabolic activity, and that the secretion is a mode of fulfilling specific functions of LDC. PMID- 6538357 TI - [Morphogenetic role of the cortical cytoskeleton and plasma membrane of the ovum]. AB - The classical embryological conception of egg cortex localization of morphogenetic determinants is interpreted in terms of current data on cell cortex and cell surface organization. The egg surface complex that involves cortical cytoskeleton--oolemma (stabilized with transmembrane linkage between the cytoskeleton and ligands of egg envelope extracellular matrix) presumably ensures storage of cortical morphogenetic information, i.e. the spatial memory of egg and zygote as a heterogeneous distribution of membrane and cortex components. Any of the rigid cortical complex component--membrane receptors, structural cytoskeletal proteins and also embedded in cortical gel-like framework of actin filaments RNP's and non-structural proteins (e.g. enzymes) may function as possible morphogenetic determinants. The coupling of general cortical rigidity and local contractility during the cleavage may be accounted (after Condeelis, 1981) for the actin-myosin interaction following a local dissociation of the stiff structural complex of actin--actin-binding proteins. PMID- 6538358 TI - [Acute poisoning caused by inhalation of an aerosol spray used for waterproofing]. PMID- 6538359 TI - [Experimental and clinical rationale for ultrasonic therapy of functional urination disorders in children]. PMID- 6538360 TI - [True and false phosphaturia]. PMID- 6538361 TI - Renal cell carcinoma and idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. AB - A syndrome resembling idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura has been described previously to occur in association with diverse forms of cancer. Herein we present the first reported case of renal cell carcinoma associated with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, a review of the literature, and the pathophysiology of platelet destruction. PMID- 6538362 TI - Effect of inoculum on the size and location of Fasciola hepatica subsequently recovered from the livers of rats. AB - Two outbred strains of Sprague-Dawley rats were given, by intraperitoneal injection, 5, 10, 20, 30 or 50 newly excysted juvenile (NEJ) Fasciola hepatica. Ninety days post-infection all rats were killed and their livers teased apart under 10 X magnification for quantitation of the flukes present. There was no significant difference in worm numbers between the rat strains. However, several significant differences (P less than 0.05) between the various infection groups were observed. As the size of the infective dose was increased from 5 to 50 NEJ, the percentage of the infective dose recovered from the livers of the infected rats decreased from 36.7 to 12.1%. With the 5 and 10 NEJ infective doses, the worms recovered were large mature flukes (1.52 and 1.68 cm, respectively) and were found in the common bile ducts. In the rats receiving infections of 30 and 50 NEJ, the flukes were smaller (0.88 and 0.55 cm, respectively), immature, and were primarily located in the liver parenchyma. These findings are important in light of previous studies on the development of resistance in the rat to challenge infections in which immunity was based on both the size and the location of the flukes recovered. The results from our study indicate that in a primary infection of 20 or greater NEJ, many small immature flukes remain in the liver parenchyma, even after several months. When testing for resistance to F. hepatica in rats, these flukes may erroneously be thought to comprise a portion of the challenge infection. PMID- 6538364 TI - Culture requirements of Ascaris suum larvae using a stationary multi-well system: increased survival, development and growth with cholesterol. AB - Ascaris suum third-stage larvae (L3) were recovered from infected rabbits and cultured in a stationary multi-well plate system. Several different culture media including Medium 199, NCTC-135, Minimum Essential Medium-Eagle, Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium, RPMI 1640, McCoy's 5A and Neuman-Tytell medium were tested to determine which was best for overall larval survival, development and growth. Larvae developed from L3 to fourth-stage (L4) in all media tested, but larval survival and the yield and growth of L4 were superior in RPMI 1640. Pyruvate is an important medium component because its addition to RPMI 1640 enhanced the yield and growth of L4 while its removal from DMEM reduced larval survival and the yield and growth of L4. Cholesterol markedly enhanced larval survival and the yield and growth of L4 when added to RPMI 1640 as either a soluble supplement in Tween 80 or to a lesser degree, as a component of liposomes. The multi-well culture plate system is a convenient method for determining the effects of different media and changes in media composition on larvae in vitro. PMID- 6538363 TI - The elimination of equine strongyles and hematological and pathological consequences following larvicidal doses of thiabendazole. AB - Twelve horses were divided into three groups and given various doses of a mixed species strongyle inoculum, representing light, moderate, and heavy infections. Three weeks after the larval inoculations, three animals from each group were given larvicidal doses of thiabendazole (TBZ) (440 mg kg-1 on two consecutive days); one animal from each group served as a non-medicated control. Treatment was repeated three weeks later. One treated animal from each group was designated for long-term study; others were necropsied to study adult and larval parasite loads. Six of the twelve animals with strongylosis developed moderate eosinophilia. TBZ given at 440 mg kg-1 on two consecutive days caused depression, lethargy, and anorexia which lasted for five days. Eosinopenia, lymphopenia, and neutrophilia occurred in treated animals, and lasted for three days. During the course of TBZ treatment, one horse died from what appeared to be a mis-dosing or an anaphylactic reaction. At necropsy, active thrombi of the anterior mesenteric artery were seen in parasitized animals, but not in those treated with TBZ. Five out of seven medicated horses were completely free of adult and larval strongyle parasites. One had a few Strongylus edentatus larvae and another had small strongyles. No Strongylus vulgaris larvae or adults were recovered from any horse treated with TBZ. PMID- 6538365 TI - The pathogenesis of experimental Haemonchus longistipes infection in camels. AB - The pathogenesis and clinical signs of Haemonchus longistipes infection were studied in four experimentally infected camels two of which were adults and the other two were young. In the former animals, an acute infection developed, characterized by mucoid diarrhoea, anorexia, anaemia, loss of body weight, oedema of the lower parts of the limbs, general malaise and death at 8-10 weeks post infection. In the two younger camels, a less dramatic disease was encountered with less severe symptoms and no oedema, but also terminating fatally at 19-20 weeks post-infection. Parasitological, haematological and biochemical parameters were determined during the course of the infection and were mostly comparable with those usually encountered in haemonchosis of other animals. PMID- 6538366 TI - Critical tests of morantel-trichlorfon paste formulation against internal parasites of the horse. AB - Critical tests were completed on six horses to evaluate the antiparasitic activity of a paste formulation mixture of morantel citrate and trichlorfon, administered intraorally at the dose rate of 6 mg morantel base kg-1 and trichlorfon at 30 mg kg-1. Aggregate average removals were: 78% for two horses infected with 2nd instar Gasterophilus intestinalis; 100% for one infected with 2nd instar G. nasalis; 96% for six infected with 3rd instar G. intestinalis; 100% for four infected with 3rd instar G. nasalis; 100% for five infected with Parascaris equorum; 100% for one infected with mature Oxyuris equi; 100% for five infected with Strongylus vulgaris; 72% for five infected with S. edentatus; and partial removal (25%) of Anoplocephala perfoliata infection from one infected animal. Pre- and post-treatment EPG and LPG data indicated a reduction of 97% of the mature small strongyle infections. Evidence of toxicosis was not observed in any of the horses. PMID- 6538367 TI - Effect of dose and route of application on the action of decamethrin against cattle grubs. AB - The efficacy of pour-on or orally administered decamethrin against bovine hypodermosis was investigated on naturally infested yearlings. Treatment at dose rates of 1, 2 or 10 mg per kg body weight were ineffective, but the highest dose had a long-term lethal effect on warbles. The severe side effects which followed the high dose suggest that this drug is unsatisfactory for systemic grub control. Investigations on the dynamics of circulating anti-Hypoderma antibodies in the post-treatment period showed that there is some sub-lethal activity of decamethrin on the larval physiology even at the lowest doses. PMID- 6538368 TI - Coccidiosis in preruminating calves the effect of management and short-term treatment on the spread of infection and reinfection. AB - In farms with large numbers of individually-housed calves, the spread of coccidia is slow. In group pens, however, all the calves became infected within 3-4 weeks of being housed together. At the beginning of group housing no oocysts were found in the faeces of any of the calves. Sulphadimidine (SDM) was administered for 3 or 12 days at different doses and different times. Administration of the drug on Days 3-5 of group housing had no effect. Given between Days 11 and 13 or 17-19, the drug lowered (for a short period) the number of animals found to be excreting oocysts. SDM given between Days 6 and 17 kept the animals oocyst-free during that period. Within 2-3 weeks after the treatment all animals were excreting oocysts. PMID- 6538369 TI - Soybean trypsin inhibitors: interactions in humans. PMID- 6538370 TI - [Bilateral tumors of the testis]. AB - Sixteen cases of bilateral tumors of the testicle (1.7% of all patients with tumors of germ origin) were treated at the Clinic of Urology of the Center in 1953-1982. The age of the patients varied 17-54 years (mean age--32.9 years). Cryptorchism was recorded in 2 out of 16 cases. Separate tumor was found to develop in the contralateral testicle in most cases, this factor being of vital importance for the choice of treatment procedure. The results of treatment did not differ from those in cases of unilateral lesions and were chiefly related to stage and microscopic pattern of tumor. PMID- 6538371 TI - [Experiences with cisplatin (Platidiam) chemotherapy in secondary resistant ovarian carcinomas]. AB - Experiences with cis Platin therapy in cases of ovarian cancers after previous tumorchemotherapy are reported. 23 patients were treated with 100 mg cis Platin (DDP)/m2 (Lachema, CSSR, Brno) in intervals of four weeks following extensive hyperhydratation. We observed following therapeutic effects: CR 4 of 23 pat., PR 11 of 23 pat., NC 3 of 23 pat. and progression in 5 cases. The average remission time was the best in cases with CR (8,3 month) and the worst in cases without any therapeutic effect (1 month). Side effects observed: severe vomiting was compulsory in all cases. Twice we observed neuro- and ototoxicity after the 5th respectively 6th cyclus. DDP is an effective but also toxic cytostatic drug for treatment of ovarian cancer in the 2nd or 3rd line. It should be used in cases of secondary resistant tumours. PMID- 6538372 TI - Haemodynamics after distal splenorenal shunt. AB - Haemodynamic studies were made both preoperatively and 7--62 months after the operation in 17 cirrhotic patients subjected to distal splenorenal shunt. Patent shunt was demonstrated in all patients. Preoperatively all patients had hepatopetal portal flow. Postoperatively portography through percutaneous transhepatic portal vein cannulation demonstrated hepatopetal flow in nine patients and reversed flow in eight patients. Portal pressure was significantly decreased in both groups after the shunt (p less than 0.01). However, no differences in pre- and post-operative portal pressure were observed in the two patient groups. In patients with hepatopetal flow, minimal new collaterals without clear connection to gastroesophageal region could be demonstrated. Collateral formation in patients with reversed flow was more abandoned but, even in these cases, no connection to gastroesophageal region could be demonstrated. The results indicate that a continuous increase in liver resistance due to the progression of the liver disease is the main cause of changes in portal circulation. PMID- 6538373 TI - Ultrastructural basis of the coordination of ciliary movement. Contractile function of the interconnecting cross-striated roots in ependymal epithelium. AB - A hypothesis for contraction was suggested (molecular basis of the transmission of ciliary coordination) by means of the slipping and interdigitation of the microfilaments of one period with those of the adjacent periods, occurring at the level of the periodic band. The amplitude of the period is greater in the relaxed than in the contracted state, while the reverse is true with the periodic band amplitude. The microfilament length is constant, probably varying with the species. This hypothesis of the slipping and interdigitation of the microfilaments would be the basis of the ciliary coordination from cilium to cilium and from cell to cell, because of the anchoring of the bunches in the peribasal complexes and in the adherent connection complexes, respectively. PMID- 6538374 TI - Premature cranial synostosis in X-linked hypophosphatemic rickets: possible precipitation by 1-alpha-OH-cholecalciferol intoxication. AB - A child suffering from X-linked hypophosphatemic rickets developed vitamin D intoxication under treatment with 1-alpha-OH-cholecalciferol (1(OH)D3) and phosphorus. Beside the usual findings in this condition he showed precocious synostosis of the skull with signs of raised intracranial pressure. In view of earlier reports of coincidence of craniostenosis and X-linked hypophosphatemic rickets, we conclude that the possibility exists that intoxication with 1(OH)D3 has been the precipitating factor. In addition we found hypersensitivity to 1(OH)D3 2 months after cessation of treatment, and normal levels of calcitriol (1,25(OH)2D3) at the same time. PMID- 6538375 TI - A controlled study on the effect of injected water-miscible retinyl palmitate on plasma concentrations of retinol and retinol-binding protein in children with measles in northern Nigeria. AB - Post-measles corneal ulceration resembling keratomalacia is frequently seen in young children in northern Nigeria. The concentration of retinol in plasma has been found to be depressed more by measles than by malnutrition. In order to determine whether this could be due to a specific influence of measles on the uptake, storage and release of retinol by the liver or its subsequent transport in the plasma, retinyl ester was administered parenterally to assess its effect on the concentration of circulating holo retinol-binding protein. A water miscible preparation of retinyl palmitate was administered by intramuscular injection to well- and malnourished children with and without acute measles. In all cases, the concentration of both retinol and retinol-binding protein rose appreciably with 24 h of administration of the vitamin preparation. Thus the failure of post-measles corneal lesions to respond to orally or parenterally administered vitamin A would not appear to be due to the inability of such vitamin A to increase the level of circulating retinal in the plasma of children with measles. PMID- 6538376 TI - The distribution of supposed indicators of nutritional status in elderly patients. AB - The results of a survey of indicators of nutritional status in patients on admission to wards in the Department of Health Care of the Elderly in Nottingham are reported. Results outside conventional limits of normality are common. Little or none of the observed variance in the biochemical indicators in this population is explained by age or sex. Weight, mid-arm circumference, triceps skinfold thickness, albumin, retinol binding protein and retinol tend to be lower in patients who subsequently die, in patients who are clinically classified as thin or wasted, in patients with poor appetites and in patients with a diagnosis of malignancy. Plasma vitamin C, erythrocyte glutathione reductase activation coefficient and erythrocyte transketolase activation coefficient do not show these trends and are likely to be determined by different factors. PMID- 6538377 TI - The effect of compound 48/80 on the precipitated withdrawal syndrome of dogs. AB - The aim of this study was to eliminate endogenous stores of histamine before inducing the precipitated withdrawal syndrome. Results demonstrate that histamine plays a role in the emergence of some of the symptoms which characterize the precipitated abstinence syndrome in morphine-dependent dogs. Morphine-dependent dogs receiving 0.5 mg/kg n-allyl-normorphine exhibit the precipitated abstinence syndrome. Injection of compound 48/80, 0.5 mg/kg, a potent histamine liberator, produced, on the other hand, typical signs of the abstinence syndrome. A second injection of this compound 24 hours later, however, failed to induce these signs. An injection of n-allyl-normorphine also failed to induce these signs in dogs pretreated with compound 48/80 despite the fact that the dogs were still on their morphine regime. Control experiments on naive animals showed that injection of 0.5 mg/kg n-allyl-normorphine failed to produce signs of the abstinence syndrome. Injection of compound 48/80, a potent histamine liberator, on the other hand, did produce the typical signs of the abstinence syndrome. Animals pretreated with n allyl-normorphine followed by compound 48/80 responded similarly to animals treated with compound 48/80 alone. PMID- 6538378 TI - Sexual activity and the postcoronary patient. AB - Sexual functioning after myocardial infarction is a primary concern for patients, yet many physicians fail to discuss this part of rehabilitation. Even with instructions, more than one-fourth of previously active patients fail to resume intercourse after a coronary event. Patients with a healthy sexual relationship before the infarction have a much better chance for full recovery of sexual activity. PMID- 6538379 TI - Premenstrual syndrome. AB - Premenstrual syndrome is a chronic cyclic disorder with a broad range of morbidity. The syndrome encompasses emotional, behavioral and physical symptoms, usually beginning in the week before menses and ending at the onset of menses or shortly thereafter. To date, the etiology and the most effective treatment are unknown; however, vitamin B6, progesterone and bromocriptine therapies have been advocated. PMID- 6538380 TI - Two-dimensional echocardiography in discrete subaortic stenosis. AB - Thirty-seven patients with discrete subaortic stenosis (DSS) underwent 2 dimensional echocardiography (2-D echo) and cardiac catheterization. The peak systolic pressure gradients ranged from 0 to 150 mm Hg. Thirty-two patients had membranous DSS and 5 had fibromuscular DSS. Of 37 patients with DSS, 2-D echo diagnosed the presence and type in 35; in 2, a membrane was demonstrated by angiography. Of the 35 patients accurately diagnosed by 2-D echo, angiography corroborated the diagnosis in 33, but failed to show the membrane in 2. Subsequent cardiac surgery confirmed the accuracy of the echocardiographic diagnosis in these 2 patients. In all patients with membranous DSS, the anterior insertion of the membrane was demonstrated. In 9 of them the posterior insertion was demonstrated by tilt of the transducer but the anterior insertion disappeared. In 4 patients both insertions were demonstrated simultaneously and in 3 patients the membrane was demonstrated as a continuous line. In 4 of the 5 patients with fibromuscular DSS, both insertions of the lesion were demonstrated simultaneously. However, 2-D echo was unsuccessful in assessing the severity of obstruction. In only 1 patient did demonstration of the whole subaortic membrane as a continuous line below the aortic valve correlate with severe obstruction. Thus, the presence and type of DSS, but not the degree and severity, can be accurately and reliably diagnosed by means of 2-D echo. PMID- 6538381 TI - Plasma and red blood cell concentrations of amiodarone during chronic therapy. AB - Amiodarone and a metabolite, desethylamiodarone, were measured in plasma of 55 patients and in both plasma and red blood cell (RBC) in 28 patients who received chronic amiodarone treatment. The assay for amiodarone and desethylamiodarone was performed by high-pressure liquid chromatography. During chronic treatment, median plasma concentration of amiodarone was 2.80 micrograms/ml and desethylamiodarone was 2.20 micrograms/ml. In matched samples, plasma amiodarone concentration exceeded RBC amiodarone concentration (p less than 0.001) and the RBC-to-plasma concentration ratio averaged 0.31. The plasma desethylamiodarone concentration was not significantly different from its RBC concentration, and the RBC-to-plasma concentration ratio averaged 1.29. There was a linear correlation between plasma concentrations of amiodarone and desethylamiodarone (r = 0.82) and between RBC concentrations of drug and metabolite (r = 0.71). Drug or metabolite concentrations in plasma and RBCs correlated directly with daily dosage of amiodarone. Adverse side effects during chronic amiodarone therapy were related most strongly to RBC drug and metabolite concentrations. The group with adverse side effects had a significantly higher RBC concentration of amiodarone, 150 vs 0.75 micrograms/ml (p less than 0.001), than did patients free of adverse effects. After dosage reduction, side effects abated and plasma and RBC concentrations of drug and metabolite decreased. These data indicate that there is an expected range of amiodarone and desethylamiodarone concentrations during chronic treatment and that adverse side effects correlate best with RBC concentrations of drug and metabolite. Red cell concentrations may reflect the amount of unbound, free amiodarone and desethylamiodarone in plasma. PMID- 6538382 TI - Atrioventricular block and preexcitation in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. PMID- 6538383 TI - Cardiac amyloidosis simulating hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. PMID- 6538384 TI - Patterns of inheritance in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: assessment by M-mode and two-dimensional echocardiography. AB - To determine the mode of inheritance of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HC), 367 relatives from 70 families with HC were studied by M-mode and 2-dimensional echocardiography (2-D echo). Inspection of individual family pedigrees suggested that HC was genetically transmitted in 39 pedigrees (56%) and probably sporadic in 31 (44%). Of the 39 pedigrees with familial occurrence, 30 had patterns of inheritance that were most consistent with autosomal dominant transmission. A complex mathematical pedigree analysis determined that patterns of genetic transmission observed in the overall study group were not consistent with known models of autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, or X-linked inheritance and did not support a unified concept of single-gene Mendelian transmission for all families. The proportion of first-degree relatives affected by HC was 22%, with HC most common in fathers of the proband and least common in offspring. About 20% of the affected relatives (10 of 53) appeared to have inherited a "subclinical" form of HC, in which the sole evidence of HC was the morphologic expression detectable only with echocardiography. Probands and affected relatives differed distinctly with regard to the expression of HC. Probands most often showed functional limitation (81%), subaortic obstruction at rest (53%), particularly diffuse distribution of left ventricular hypertrophy (59%) and marked septal thickening (mean 23 mm). In contrast, affected relatives were characterized by absence of functional limitation (72%) and subaortic obstruction (94%), localized and unusual sites of hypertrophy (60%) and only modest septal thickening (mean 17 mm).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6538385 TI - Relation between marked changes in left ventricular outflow tract gradient and disease progression in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. AB - Spontaneous and persistent changes in left ventricular (LV) outflow gradient have been observed occasionally in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HC). However, the significance and frequency of such hemodynamic alterations have not been established. In this study, the serial preoperative hemodynamic status of 409 patients with HC was analyzed. Basal LV outflow tract obstruction either spontaneously appeared (or increased) or disappeared (or decreased) in 19 nonoperated patients (about 5%). Changes in hemodynamic state were shown by serial cardiac catheterization in 17 patients and by catheterization and M-mode echocardiography in 2 patients. In most patients (12 of 19), subaortic obstruction under basal conditions appeared or increased; 8 became more symptomatic and in 4 the condition remained stable. Reduction or loss of LV outflow gradient occurred in 7 patients; in 5 of these the condition deteriorated clinically and in 2 it did not change. Hence, in 13 of the 19 patients (70%), spontaneous changes in the magnitude of the basal LV outflow gradient were associated with symptomatic progression. The mechanism of the decrease or disappearance of subaortic obstruction in those patients who deteriorated clinically appeared to be related in 4 patients to impaired global and/or segmental LV function. Chronic atrial fibrillation probably contributed to the worsening clinical condition in 2 of these patients as well as in 2 others. In conclusion, substantial changes in the magnitude of basal subaortic obstruction may occur in a small proportion of patients with HC as part of the natural history of their disease, and such hemodynamic alterations are usually associated with clinical deterioration. It is exceedingly rare for the hemodynamic state of a patient with HC to change from totally nonobstructive to obstructive or vice versa, because such patients usually retain the capacity to generate gradients with provocative maneuvers. PMID- 6538386 TI - Hazards and benefits of elective induction of labor. AB - Labor, delivery, and newborn course were studied in 621 pregnancies in which labor was electively induced at or after 39 weeks, and in 3,851 control pregnancies in which the onset of labor was spontaneous. Induced labors were not prolonged, nor was the duration of ruptured membranes. Fetal distress and birth asphyxia were not more frequent after induction, and release of meconium occurred much less frequently (9.3% for induced labor versus 16.7% for spontaneous). There was greater use of epidural analgesia and of forceps delivery in induced labor. Among primiparous patients, cesarean delivery for "failure to progress" was performed in 14% of electively induced labors and 7% of spontaneous control labors, a difference not noted among multiparous patients who had a primary cesarean birth rate of less than 2%. Iatrogenic prematurity was not a problem; none of the 621 infants who was born after elective induction developed respiratory distress syndrome, and only one weighed less than 2,500 gm. PMID- 6538387 TI - Does sex hormone-binding globulin play a role in the transport of estradiol in vivo? AB - The distribution of estradiol and testosterone into sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG)-bound, albumin-bound, and unbound fractions in whole serum under equilibrium conditions at 37 degrees C is described in women with normal menstrual cycles, pregnant women, and newborn infants. The percentage of estradiol bound to SHBG was determined by equilibrium dialysis at 37 degrees C. Whole serum, 0.1 ml, was dialyzed against 0.1 ml of the same serum heated at 60 degrees C for 1 hour (a procedure shown to denature SHBG but not to affect albumin). The percentage of unbound estradiol in whole serum was measured by dialyzing native serum against an isosmotic dextran solution. Testosterone binding was studied similarly. Our findings show that SHBG is an important binder of estradiol in both pregnant and nonpregnant women. However, estradiol binding by SHBG is undetectable in the newborn infant. Testosterone is significantly bound to SHBG under all circumstances. We conclude that SHBG does play a role in the transport of estradiol in women, particularly in pregnancy. PMID- 6538388 TI - Definitions of high risk in pregnancy and evaluation of their predictive validity. AB - The predictive validity of Hobel's criterion (score of 10 or more) for high prenatal and intrapartum risk and two alternative definitions was evaluated in two sociodemographically similar samples from two different institutions. At one institution, intrapartum risk was associated with neonatal morbidity independently of prenatal risk; at the second institution, both were related to neonatal morbidity, depending on the definition of high risk. Definition of high risk as a score of 15 or more improved the prognostic ability of Hobel's method at the first institution, but not at the second. Grouping prenatal and intrapartum risk as low (0 to 9), medium (10 to 19), and high (20 or more) provided a clearer understanding of the association between prenatal/intrapartum risk and neonatal morbidity, although differences between the two institutions persisted. Modifications and validation of risk assessment methods are necessary when used in populations other than the one for which they were originally developed. PMID- 6538390 TI - Modification of allergic bronchoconstriction by a calcium antagonist: mode of action. PMID- 6538389 TI - Concentrations of testosterone in canine serum during late anestrus, proestrus, estrus, and early diestrus. AB - Serum testosterone concentrations in samples collected daily from 6 bitches for at least 60 days before the onset of diestrus were determined by radioimmunoassay. Mean serum concentrations (+/- SEM) of testosterone ranged from 31 +/- 11 to 141 +/- 63 pg/ml during late anestrus. Mean testosterone concentrations during proestrus ranged from 106 +/- 29 to 239 +/- 113 pg/ml, with the highest concentration (526 +/- 225 pg/ml) occurring the day of the preovulatory surge of luteinizing hormone. Although the ovaries may be sites of production during late anestrus, proestrus, estrus, and early diestrus, further investigation is necessary to determine whether testosterone has an important physiologic or endocrinologic function in the bitch (ie, sexual behavior, vaginal hypertrophy, and luteinizing hormone surge). PMID- 6538391 TI - Prospective payment: implications for medical technology. PMID- 6538392 TI - Leptospirosis and uveitis. AB - In 1976 we presented seven patients with anterior uveitis due to leptospirosis with positive serological tests. During the years 1975 to 1977 we had the opportunity to observe a further 16 cases. In most of these cases the serological tests were positive for more than one leptospira serotype--in one case even five. In all the follow-up cases during a period of two to seven months, there was complete recovery. We suggest that leptospirosis is a possibility which should not be overlooked in the diagnosis of anterior uveitis, especially bilateral, in young males working in field irrigation and dairy workers in known endemic areas. PMID- 6538393 TI - Secretory immunoglobulin A antibodies to respiratory viruses in middle ear effusion of chronic otitis media with effusion. AB - In order to obtain evidence that viral infection may be involved in chronic otitis media with effusion, an attempt was made to detect secretory IgA antibodies to respiratory viruses in the effusions. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay used with purified viral antigens was employed for detecting antibodies in this study. Secretory IgA antibodies against adenoviruses, respiratory syncytial, and parainfluenza type 2 viruses were demonstrated in 31 of 128 effusions (27 of 114 ears with chronic otitis media with effusions and 4 of 14 ears with blue eardrum conditions). The specificity of antibody activity to each virus was confirmed by an absorption test. PMID- 6538394 TI - Neuraminidase activity in middle ear effusions. AB - Analyses of Streptococcus pneumoniae culture filtrates and middle ear effusions (MEE) containing S pneumoniae for various hydrolytic enzymes have demonstrated substantial levels of neuraminidase activity when measured employing a sensitive fluorometric assay. S pneumoniae neuraminidase exhibits optimum activity near neutral pH (6.0 to 6.5), and catalyzes the cleavage of sialic acid residues from glycoproteins, gangliosides and mucopolysaccharides. S pneumoniae begins secreting large amounts of neutral neuraminidase (mean [means] = 43.3 units/mL culture filtrate) when cells enter the stationary phase. Nearly all (96%) human chronic MEEs yielding positive cultures for S pneumoniae contain neuraminidase activity (means = 0.200 units/mg protein), while only 21.1% to 45.5% of all other effusions contain the enzyme. Middle ear effusions obtained from S pneumoniae infected-chinchillas contained large amounts of neuraminidase activity (approximately 200 units/mL), which decayed exponentially in vivo with an apparent half-life of 8 1/2 days. Three neuraminidase isoenzymes (designated I III) were identified in S pneumoniae culture filtrates, as well as in MEEs from chinchillas infected with the organism, using a combination of ion-exchange and gel filtration chromatography. With 4-methylumbelliferyl-N-acetylneuraminic acid serving as substrate, preparation I from both culture filtrates and MEEs was characterized by a high Michaelis constant (Km), while forms II and III had low Km values. Preferred substrates were orosomucoid and neuramin-lactose; gangliosides, thyroglobulin, and bovine submaxillary mucin were poorer substrates. PMID- 6538395 TI - Determination of blood loss during transurethral surgery by cell counts on irrigation fluid. AB - A method for determining the quantity of blood in a non haemolytic irrigation solution is described. Cell counts on the fluid were performed in the operating theatre, using a Neubauer haemocytometer and microscope. The ratio of this count to the patient's red cell count was multiplied by the volume of fluid to give the volume of blood lost. In estimations of 10 known quantities of blood, the mean error was 5.3%. PMID- 6538396 TI - Genetic and environmental determinants of the cardio-respiratory response to submaximal exercise--a six-year follow-up study of twins. AB - The fat-free mass and the ventilatory and cardiac frequency responses to submaximal exercise have been assessed longitudinally over six years in a total of 65 identical and non-identical boy and girl twin pairs. Exercise ventilation at rates of work below the anaerobic threshold was independent of the genetic and environmental factors which were investigated. The anaerobic threshold increased with age. The fat-free mass and the exercise cardiac frequency were subject to both genetic and environmental control with the genetic component predominating initially. The subsequent environmental component was larger for non-identical than for identical twin pairs and for boys than for girls. It is concluded that in identical twin boys by the time they reach adolescence the performance during submaximal exercise has a material environmental component. There appears to be interaction between the genetic and environmental components. PMID- 6538398 TI - Immunology of the monobactam aztreonam. AB - To assess the immunological cross-reactivity of the monobactam antibiotic aztreonam (AZ), rabbits were immunized with protein conjugates of benzylpenicillin, cephalothin (CEPH), and AZ. The resulting antibenzylpenicilloyl (BPO) and anti-CEPH rabbit antibodies showed negligible cross-reactivity with AZ conjugated to human serum albumin (AZ-HSA), whereas anti-AZ showed negligible cross-reactivity with BPO-HSA and CEPH-HSA. Unlike benzylpenicillin and CEPH, unconjugated AZ was as effective as AZ conjugated to epsilon aminocaproic acid (AZ-EACA) in inhibiting the binding of homologous antibody. Studies with various analogs of AZ confirmed that immunoglobulin G (IgG) anti-AZ was entirely side chain specific. The inhibition of the binding of human IgE anti-penicilloyl to BPO-HSA was studied in the presence of AZ-EACA, BPO-formyl lysine, and CEPH-EACA. Whereas CEPH-EACA displayed 3% cross-reactivity with BPO-lysine, AZ-EACA showed little or no cross-reactivity (much less than 0.9%). To assess the immunogenicity of AZ in humans, IgE and IgG antibodies were measured in sera from 36 healthy male volunteers receiving 0.5 or 1 g intravenously or intramuscularly every 8 h for 7 days. None of the subjects had detectable preexisting IgE reactive with AZ or demonstrated an IgE response to antibiotic administration. Four subjects gave evidence for naturally occurring IgG cross-reactive with AZ, but only one subject demonstrated a rise in IgG levels after exposure to AZ. This anti-AZ IgG did not cross-react with BPO or CEPH conjugates of bovine thyroglobulin and was completely side-chain specific. These studies suggest that AZ displays very low immunological cross-reactivity with other beta-lactam antibiotics and may be only weakly immunogenic in humans. PMID- 6538397 TI - Comparative efficacies of piperacillin, azlocillin, ticarcillin, aztreonam, and tobramycin against experimental Pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia. AB - The therapeutic efficacies of the newer beta-lactam antibiotics piperacillin, azlocillin and aztreonam were compared with the efficacies of ticarcillin and tobramycin in a guinea pig model of experimental Pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia. For animals challenged with 2 X 10(8) CFU, tobramycin treatment resulted in survival rates and intrapulmonary killing of pseudomonads which were significantly greater than those found with any of the beta-lactam agents. There were no significant differences noted among the individual beta-lactam agents. When animals were challenged with 200-fold-fewer organisms (10(6) CFU), there was no significant difference between the efficacy of tobramycin and those of the various beta-lactams. These data suggest that tobramycin is particularly valuable in treating more severe P. aeruginosa pneumonia, whereas a number of different beta-lactam agents are of equivalent value in less severe lung infections. PMID- 6538399 TI - Induction and suppression of phytoalexin biosynthesis in cultured cells of safflower, Carthamus tinctorius L., by metabolites of Alternaria carthami Chowdhury. AB - Cell suspension cultures derived from the safflower variety US-10 respond to treatment with cell wall elicitors from either Phytophthora megasperma f.sp.glycinea or Alternaria carthami Chowdhury by producing polyacetylenic phytoalexins. These polyacetylenes were absent from the uninduced cell cultures. Low concentrations of brefeldin A, a toxin produced by A. carthami, when added to suspension-cultured safflower cells, considerably diminished the accumulation of the phytoalexins following elicitor treatment. Suppression of the synthesis of polyacetylenic phytoalexins suggests a role for brefeldin A in limiting the host range of A. carthami, the causal agent of a leaf and head blight disease in safflower. PMID- 6538400 TI - In vivo and in vitro binding of platinum to metallothionein. AB - The in vivo binding of platinum to metallothionein (MT) has been observed in rat tissues following injections of the cis and trans isomers of DDP (dichlorodiammineplatinum(II]. Platinum in either cis-DDP or trans-DDP does not directly induce MT; platinum-MT is produced by the replacement of previously bound zinc in the protein. The binding of Pt(II) to MT depends on the availability of SH groups in MT. Preinjection with CdCl2 significantly enhances the association of Pt(II) with MT fractions compared to the degree of association resulting from injections with either cis-DDP or trans-DDP without CdCl2 pretreatment. In vitro experiments in which tissue extracts including a known (Cd,Zn)-MT were incubated with either cis-DDP or trans-DDP show that these isomers differ with respect to the transfer of Pt to MT; the equilibrium in both cases was reached when approximately 40% of the available Pt is bound to MT but with this equilibrium value attained in 2 h in the case of trans-DDP and only after 72 h in the case of cis-DDP. Pt-MTs were also formed by a series of incubation steps in which a native MT was used to prepare the apoprotein which was subsequently incubated with either cis-DDP or trans-DDP. Spectrophotometry established that a shoulder occurs at 285 nm for the Pt-MTs resulting from the incubation with either isomer. A competitive double-antibody radioimmunoassay for MT demonstrated that these Pt-MTs had complete cross-reactivity with a native (Cd,Zn)-MT. Gel filtration of tissue extracts after either in vivo or in vitro treatment with DDP showed that Pt was bound to a molecular species with properties characteristic of MT. These results were verified by atomic absorption spectrophotometry and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis assays. PMID- 6538401 TI - A kinetic analysis of activation of smooth muscle adenylate cyclase by forskolin. AB - Forskolin action was studied using uterine smooth muscle adenylate cyclase, an enzyme form that is slowly and irreversibly activated by treatment with nonhydrolyzable GTP analogs. Activation of the particulate smooth muscle enzyme by prolonged treatment with Gpp[NH]p (guanyl-5'-yl imidodiphosphate) at 24 degrees C followed simple Michaelis-Menten kinetics with respect to the guanine nucleotide. Under these treatment conditions, forskolin increased both the Vmax and the Km for Gpp[NH]p, suggesting diterpene action affected the guanine nucleotide-binding coupling factor. Sensitivity of a detergent-solubilized form of the enzyme to stimulation by both Gpp[NH]p and forskolin was much more labile at 4 degrees C than was the Mn+2 sensitivity of the catalytic subunit. In the particulate form, the catalytic subunit was more resistant to the denaturing effects of N-ethylmaleimide than was its sensitivity to stimulation by Gpp[NH]p or forskolin. Forskolin stimulation of the particulate form of the enzyme followed simple Michaelis-Menten kinetics with respect to the concentration of the diterpene. Denaturation of the enzyme by treatment with N-ethylmaleimide lowered the Vmax and increased the Km for forskolin, further suggesting that forskolin had an indirect effect on the activity of the catalytic subunit. These results could be accounted for if the diterpene, like Gpp[NH]p, was bound by the coupling factor. PMID- 6538402 TI - 5-Phosphoribosylpyrophosphate amidotransferase from soybean root nodules: kinetic and regulatory properties. AB - Most of the nitrogen transported from the nodules of nitrogen-fixing soybean plants is in the form of the ureides allantoin and allantoic acid. Recent work has shown that ureides are formed in the plant fraction of the nodule from de novo purine biosynthesis and purine oxidation. 5-Phosphoribosylpyrophosphate amidotransferase (PRAT), which catalyzes the first committed step of purine biosynthesis, has been purified 1500-fold from soybean root nodules. The enzyme had an apparent Mr of 8 X 10(6), but this estimate may have been for an aggregation of several purine biosynthetic activities. PRAT showed a pH optimum of pH 8.0, and Km values were 18 and 0.4 mM for glutamine and 5-phosphoribosyl-1 pyrophosphate (PRPP), respectively. The reaction required Mg2+, and PRPPMg3- was shown to be the reactive molecular species of PRPP. Ammonia could replace glutamine as a substrate, and the Vm with ammonia was twice that obtained when glutamine was the substrate. The initial-rate kinetics showed sequential addition of substrates to the enzyme. Product inhibition data was consistent with the order of product release being phosphoribosylamine, PPi, and glutamate. The enzyme was subject to regulation by end products of the purine biosynthetic pathway. IMP and GMP inhibited competitively with PRPP and promoted cooperativity in the binding of this substrate; there was no cooperativity in the binding of IMP to the enzyme. XMP was a linear competitive inhibitor with PRPP. The results are discussed in terms of the key regulatory point occupied by PRAT in the pathway of ureide biogenesis. PMID- 6538403 TI - [Intraperitoneal and intrapleural two channel chemotherapy by cisplatinum (DDP) and sodium thiosulfate for the treatment of ovarian cancer]. AB - We administrated cis-platinum 70-100 mg/m2 bolus, intraperitoneally or intrapleurally without diluting in saline, simultaneously combined with intravenous injection of sodium thiosulphate 1 gr/hr for 12 hours continuously or additional loading of sodium thiosulphate 4-6 g bolus on the initiation. The procedure does not require transfusion of specific hydration and keeps urine volume at a certain level, much less diuretics. For the treatment of 6 gynecological malignancies (2 primary ovarian carcinoma, 1 recurrent ovarian carcinoma, 1 pseudomyxoma peritonei, 1 clear cell carcinoma of cul de sac and 1 metastatic pleuritis carcinomatosa due to uterine cervical carcinoma) 12 courses treatments have been performed, without inducing nephrotoxicity except mild vomiting. All six cases are evaluable for efficacy according to Saito-Koyama criteria at this time: 4 CRs including 2 CRs for ascites and pleural effusion, 1 NC and 1 PD. This Two-Channel Chemotherapy (TCC) seems to be an important modality of chemotherapy for ovarian carcinoma in future. PMID- 6538404 TI - [Analysis of side effects of a combination chemotherapy of cisplatin and adriamycin in gynecological malignancies: comparison between intravenous and intraarterial administration]. AB - In 23 cases of gynecological malignancies, comparative analysis of the side effects of a combination chemotherapy of cisplatinum (CDDP) and adriamycin (ADM) was performed in terms of administration routes: intravenous and intraarterial. 50 mg/m2 of CDDP and 50 mg/m2 of ADM were administered intravenously once for three weeks. 12.5 mg of CDDP and 10 mg of ADM per one catheter were infused intraarterially once or twice a week. More than severe leukocytopenia was observed in all cases of systemic administration, while in 25% of intraarterial infusion. In 90% of intravenous administration and in about a half of intraarterial cases, thrombocytopenia was noted. Myelosuppression was severest at 10 the to 12th day after administration. The value of creatinine clearance (C-Cr) was within normal limits in 10% of cases of intravenous and in nearly 50% of cases of intraarterial administration. No mortal cases due to myelosuppression and no renal failure ware observed. Most cases of intravenous administration were suffered from severe vomiting, while only in half cases of intraarterial chemotherapy milder emesis appeared. Antiemetic drugs should be administered at least for one week after systemic chemotherapy, and also intraarterial chemotherapy, if necessary. PMID- 6538405 TI - [Effect of CDDP administration on NK activity of human peripheral lymphocytes and its modification by corticosteroid as anti-emetic agent]. AB - The effect of cDDP (cis-diamminedichloroplatinum) on NK (natural killer) activity of peripheral blood lymphocytes in 12 patients (7 primary lung cancer, 3 metastatic pulmonary tumor and 2 malignant mediastinal tumor) was examined with emphasis on the combination of corticosteroid. To all patients, 80 mg/m2 of CDDP was administered intravenously every 3 weeks. Four patients were treated with CDDP alone, and 8 patients received 375 mg of methylprednisolone on the same day of CDDP administration and 125 mg on each of following consecutive 5 days respectively. 1) NK activity was not suppressed for 3 weeks after CDDP administration, in the group of 4 patients without receiving corticosteroid. 2) Significant NK suppression was found 1 week after CDDP administration, and recovered 2 weeks later, in the group of 8 patients who were treated for their emesis by corticosteroid. It can be concluded that 80 mg/m2 of CDDP does not reduce NK activity at all. However, the additional administration of corticosteroid strongly inhibited NK activity. Therefore, one should be very careful when combines the corticosteroid in order to relieve emesis induced by CDDP treatment, even if it has some antiemetic effect. PMID- 6538406 TI - Allergy to yellow dyes. PMID- 6538407 TI - Sex-linked hereditary bilateral anophthalmos. Pathologic and radiologic correlation. AB - A 27-year-old man had X-linked true anophthalmos. No evidence of optic globe, nerves, or chiasm was found. Rudimentary structures suggesting optic tracts were present. Lateral geniculate nuclei were present but gliotic. Calcarine cortex was thinner but had usual lamination. The normal patches of cytochrome oxidase activity in layers II and III of visual cortex were absent. PMID- 6538408 TI - Forskolin, a potent adenylate cyclase activator, lowers rabbit intraocular pressure. AB - To our knowledge, this is the first report of a topically applied, specific adenylate cyclase activator that reduces intraocular pressure. Forskolin, a novel adenylate cyclase activator, is reported to increase cyclic adenosine monophosphate (AMP) in intact cells. Cyclic AMP levels are increased with various antiglaucoma agents. Intraocular pressure in rabbits was significantly reduced with two concentrations of forskolin, 0.1% and 0.05%. Ocular hypertension was noted with 0.05% and 0.2%. No change in IOP was noted with 0.01% forskolin. The IOP lowering with 0.1% and 0.05% forskolin lasted approximately six hours. Mild, transient conjunctival chemosis was noted in the doses that decreased IOP. The contralateral control eye showed decreases in IOP, but the differences between control and tested eyes were significant by the Student's paired t test. PMID- 6538409 TI - Autosomal dominant peripheral preretinal deposits. AB - Abnormal yellow-white peripheral preretinal deposits are described as an autosomal dominant disorder in ten members of a large pedigree spanning three generations. The absence of any other major vitreoretinal abnormalities or retinal function disorders suggests that this is a benign disease; the nature and origin of the preretinal deposits is obscure. PMID- 6538410 TI - Cavernous hemangioma of the retina. Immunohistochemical and ultrastructural observations. AB - A 6-month old girl had unilateral leukokoria. Because retinoblastoma could not be excluded, the blind left eye was enucleated. Histopathologically, a total retinal detachment associated with a widespread cavernous hemangioma of the retina and a preretinal membrane were found. The specimen was further examined by immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy to determine the origin of the preretinal membrane and to study the anatomy of the telangiectatic retinal vessels. The preretinal membrane was mostly composed of spindle-shaped cells that demonstrated immunohistochemically the presence of glial fibrillary-acidic protein and showed, ultrastructurally, numerous glial filaments in their cytoplasm. These findings support the view that this membrane was of glial origin. By electron microscopy, the telangiectatic retinal vessels displayed the anatomic features normally encountered in retinal vessels, which accounts for the absence of exudates observed clinically and angiographically in cases of cavernous hemangioma of the retina. PMID- 6538411 TI - Fatty acyl-coenzyme A oxidase activity and H2O2 production in Phanerochaete chrysosporium mycelia. AB - Mycelia of the lignin-degrading fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium consume O2 and produce extracellular H2O2 when incubated with fatty acyl-CoA substrates, even in the presence of mitochondrial respiratory chain inhibitors such as antimycin A and cyanide. These results suggest the possibility that peroxisomal fatty acyl CoA oxidase activity in P. chrysosporium mycelia may be an important metabolic source for the extracellular H2O2 believed to be involved in lignin biodegradation. PMID- 6538413 TI - Atrial natriuretic factor: atrial conversion of high to low molecular weight forms. AB - The atrial natriuretic factor elutes by gel filtration in high and low molecular weight fractions. Extraction and elution of rat atria in 1.0 M acetic acid yielded a predominance of the high molecular weight form(s); whereas when these procedures were carried out in 0.1 M acetic acid, there was a predominance of the low molecular weight forms. When partially purified high molecular weight natriuretic activity was eluted in 0.1 M acetic acid, the high molecular weight form(s) remained intact. When partially purified high molecular weight natriuretic activity was mixed with crude atrial extract in 0.1 M acetic acid, there was an apparent conversion to the low molecular weight forms. Extraction of rat atria in boiling 0.1 M acetic acid blocked this conversion. It is concluded that rat atria contain a heat labile factor that converts high molecular weight natriuretic activity to the low molecular weight forms. PMID- 6538412 TI - Synthesis of interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein (IRBP) by monkey retina in organ culture: effect of monensin. AB - Whole monkey retinas were incubated in short-term organ culture with either radiolabeled amino acids or glucosamine. Soluble retinal proteins and proteins in the culture medium were analyzed by SDS-poly-acrylamide gel electrophoresis. Fluorography showed that the interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein (IRBP), a 146,000 Mr glycoprotein localized in the extracellular matrix, is synthesized by the neural retina and rapidly secreted into the medium. Secretion is blocked by 10-5M monensin. No significant IRBP synthesis was observed in the pigment epithelium-choroid complex. IRBP is thus the major component synthesized and secreted by the neural retina into the interphotoreceptor space. This, and its affinity for retinoid makes it a prime candidate for an extracellular retinoid transport vehicle. PMID- 6538414 TI - Human fetal liver cultures: basal activities and inducibility of epoxide hydrolases and aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase. AB - The environmental influence of various drugs on the epoxide hydrolase with styrene oxide (EHSO) or benzo(a)pyrene-4,5-oxide (EHBPox) as substrate and the aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH) activity was studied in monolayer cultures of human fetal hepatocytes (HFH) obtained at legal abortions. Hepatocytes were isolated by trypsin treatment of liver fragments and primary HFH cultures were maintained in Eagle's minimum essential medium supplemented with 15% newborn calf serum. The HFH were plated on culture dishes and allowed to 'settle' for one day before adding various drugs (in 1 microliter dimethylsulfoxide/ml) or solvent only and assay 1-2 days later. The basal AHH activity [assayed with 3H benzo(a)pyrene as substrate] varied between 2 and 8.4 pmoles/min/mg protein and the basal EHSO activity was 0.3-4.9 nmoles/min/mg protein (n = 6) after one or two days' culture. The corresponding activity of EHBPox was 0.23-1.48 nmoles/min/mg protein (n = 5). Exposure of cultures to 2 mM phenobarbital (Pb), 2.5-25.0 microM benzanthracene (BA), 0.1 mM trans-stilbene oxide (TSO), or 5 microM beta-naphtoflavone (beta NF) resulted in a 1.2-3.7-fold induction of EHSO. Induction of EHBPox was also observed with Pb, beta NF, BA and TSO as inducers. Pb gave a dose-dependent induction of both EH at 0.1, 1.0 and 2.0 mM. Our results demonstrate that EH and AHH activities in HFH cultures are inducible by classical in vivo inducers. Although difficult to prove, it is plausible that such induction takes place also in intrauterine life. PMID- 6538415 TI - Lipid composition of the synaptosome and erythrocyte membranes during chronic ethanol-treatment and withdrawal in the rat. AB - Male Sprague-Dawley rats were intoxicated by inhalation of ethanol vapor for 21 days. This allowed high tolerance to the hypnotic effect of ethanol and withdrawal syndrome to be developed. The chronic intoxication brought about modifications of the synaptosome and erythrocyte membrane lipid composition which were not due to the reduction in food intake that parallels intoxication. The fatty acid composition of the phospholipids was modified but the level of cholesterol and the level of phospholipid remained unchanged. The modifications concerned the levels of linoleic (18:2) and arachidonic (20:4) acids which decreased in the synaptosomes. In the red blood cell membranes, ethanol affected the levels of the octadecenoic acids (18:1) which rose, and linoleic acid (18:2) which fell. These disturbances were present when the withdrawal syndrome was at its highest and also 3 days after withdrawal when the signs of hyperexcitability were no longer visible in the animal. Modifications in the brain membrane lipid composition parallel the behavioral tolerance to ethanol; however the present results show that the apparent readaptation of the central nervous system to withdrawal of alcohol occurs earlier than the return to normal of the membrane lipid modifications. PMID- 6538416 TI - [Animal experimental testing of injection solutions for intra-arterial tolerability]. AB - Severe damage, even necrosis, has been noted in the past in man after accidental intra-arterial (i.a.) application of injectable preparations intended for intravenous (i.v.) or other parenteral administration. Various experimental models in animals have been developed to test an eventual i.a. incompatibility. Reasons are given for the methodology used by us in the central artery of the rabbit's ear with and without occlusion (harder and softer test variant). Herewith preparations of acetamidoeugenol and thiopental were tested to work out an appropriate measure. In comparison we investigated a series of "placebo solutions" with solvents or other excipients used in the formulation of injection solutions. The "placebos" investigated were then classified with regard to their i.a. compatibility, because in many cases an intra-arterial intolerance can be attributed to them as much as to the active principle. The choice of experimental animal model, the transferability of results to man as well as possible mechanisms taking place in an accidental i.a. application and in the development of ensuing damage are discussed. PMID- 6538417 TI - [The effectiveness and toxicity of a plant secretolytic agent and its component drugs]. AB - The 50-fold human dosage of a physiomedical drug combination (VG I) (Sinupret) and their components (VG II-VG VI) in equivalent quantity, administered 10 times within 80 h, does not lead to unexpected and undesired effects on the parameters: rate of breathing, pulse rate, red blood count. Quick-%-value and the electrolytes calcium, potassium and sodium. Differences found in single drug groups are considered to be within the range. Concerning secretolytic effects, the drug combination and its components show significant activities performing a production rate of respective levels of 38.7% and 104% above the control groups. PMID- 6538418 TI - [Effect of cefaclor and tobramycin on the phagocytic activity of peritoneal macrophages in mice]. AB - The influence of Cefaclor and of Tobramycin on phagocytosis of sheep erythrocytes by murine peritoneal macrophages was investigated. The antibiotics in various concentrations were either added to the cells directly during the phagocytosis period or injected i.v. into cell donor mice at different times before cell harvest and the cells subsequently assayed for phagocytic activity in vitro. When antibiotic was added during the phagocytosis a dose-dependent inhibition of phagocytosis was observed which, however, became significant only at extremely high concentrations of the antibiotic. In all other experimental set-ups, phagocytosis was not influenced by antibiotics. Restrictive usage of either antibiotic in clinical situation does not appear mandatory on the basis of the reported observations. PMID- 6538419 TI - [Effect of valeprotriate on spontaneous motor activity in mice]. AB - The purpose of the present investigation was to study effects of valtrate and acetoxyvaltrate hydrine on locomotor activity of mice. The method is characterized by the control of single animals over two total periods of activity. A differentiated effect curve caused by the substances during 24 h was maintained and an effect by doses used in therapy became evident. Locomotor activity was significantly inhibited by valtrate in a concentration of 0.1 mg/kg injected i.v. and 0.5 mg/kg if applied p.o. Higher concentrations did not result in an elongated effect. Acetoxyvaltrate hydrine, which is characterized by missing epoxide structure, caused reduced locomotor activity in a concentration of 4 mg/kg. PMID- 6538420 TI - Dermal absorption and metabolism of the antipsoriatic drug dithranol triacetate. AB - Percutaneous absorption, excretion kinetics, and metabolism of dithranol triacetate (2) have been investigated in Wistar rats. By the use of two differently labelled molecules--3H in the anthracene nucleus and 14C in the acetoxy groups of 2, resp.--the fate of the different parts of the dithranol triacetate molecule could be followed. After injection, large amounts of 2 are cleaved under the influence of enzymes into acetate and dithranol. These deacetylated metabolites lose half their 3H label with formation of 3H2O. In urine, 1,8-diacetoxy-9-anthrone, 1-acetoxy-8-hydroxy-9-anthrone, 1,8-dihydroxy 9,10-anthraquinone and its diacetate were found as metabolites. After dermal application, unchanged 2 is practically not absorbed at all. Arylesterases which, according to in vitro studies, are present in or on the skin, hydrolyse dithranol triacetate to give free dithranol. Up to 33% of the latter are absorbed from under an occlusive dressing. Dithranol triacetate, therefore, shows pro-drug characteristics for the treatment of psoriasis. PMID- 6538422 TI - [Clinical experience with urokinase therapy]. AB - Clinical Experience with the Urokinase Therapy Although all the biochemical details of fibrinolytic therapy are not yet clear, this type of treatment has found its place. Due to its lower risk of haemorrhage and non-existent allergenic properties urokinase is usually preferred and in certain cases must be used exclusively, although it is still the more expensive. It is to be hoped, that the promising experiments for cheaper production of urokinase by bacteria, will bring financial relief. PMID- 6538421 TI - Effects of a new antitumor compound, mopidamol, on thymidine and 2-deoxyglucose transport in leukaemic L 1210 cells. AB - The effects of 2,2',2",2"'-[(4-piperidinopyrimido[5,4-d]pyrimidine-2,6- diyl)dinitrilo]-tetraethanol (mopidamol, RA-233), a drug with antitumour properties, have been studied on membrane transports of L 1210 cells grown in culture. The results show that mopidamol is an inhibitor of thymidine and 2 deoxyglucose transport at concentrations less than or equal to 10(-4) mol/l. The inhibitory effect on cancer cells occurs as soon as 20 s after contact with the drug. Lineweaver and Burk's plots demonstrate a non-competitive type inhibitory effect on membrane transports. In addition, thymidine incorporation in DNA is decreased in the presence of mopidamol. PMID- 6538423 TI - Nimesulide and antibiotics in the treatment of acute urinary tract infections. AB - A double-blind parallel 20-day trial was carried out in 40 patients with acute infectious inflammation of the urogenital tract to compare the effectiveness of antibiotic treatments alone or with concomitant use of a new non-steroidal antiinflammatory drug, 4-nitro-2-phenoxymethane sulfonanilide (nimesulide) 200 mg/d. During the course of the treatment, nimesulide plus antibiotics induced a significantly greater and more rapid improvement of the treated patients in comparison with antibiotics plus placebo, in case of prostate swelling, redness, oedema, compulsion, pollakiuria, nycturia and body temperature. The assessment on efficacy expressed by the investigator and the patient was significantly better in the case of antibiotic plus nimesulide as compared to the antibiotic treatment alone (p less than 0.01). With the improvement of clinical complaints, there resulted a significant reduction of erythrocyte sedimentation rate and of white blood cell count. In the antibiotic plus nimesulide treatment group, the laboratory parameters used as a control for the tolerability of the drug did not show any significant variation. There were no side-effects reported. PMID- 6538424 TI - Single-dose pharmacokinetics of the MAO-inhibitor moclobemide in man. AB - The single-dose kinetics of the MAO-inhibitor p-chloro-N-(2-morpholinoethyl) benzamide (moclobemide, Ro 11-1163) following oral and i.v. administration to six healthy subjects is described. The dosage was 50 mg throughout (1 tablet moclobemide orally, 2.0 ml ampoule moclobemide i.v.). The unchanged drug in plasma was measured by means of an HPLC-assay. The i.v. plasma level curves were analyzed assuming a two-compartment model. The drug was rapidly distributed into the tissue compartment and was then eliminated from the body with a mean half life t 1/2 beta of about 1 h (range 0.79-1.34 h). The volume of distribution Vss was of medium size (range 0.81-1.25 l/kg). The oral bioavailability was reduced in consequence of the effect of the first passage through the liver and amounted to 44% on average (range 27-70%). As to the drug absorption from the intestinal tract the extent and rate of this process were shown to be large (more than 95% absorbed on average, tmax-values within 1 h). PMID- 6538425 TI - Effect of repeated plasma exchange on steady state kinetics of digoxin and digitoxin. AB - The effect of repeated plasma exchanges on the steady state kinetics of digoxin (3 patients) and digitoxin (4 patients) was investigated in 7 patients. Plasma exchange was performed 3 times a week for 4 weeks up to 12 exchanges using a hollow fiber membrane. In each exchange, 4000 ml plasma were filtered within 1 to 2 h and replaced by an albumin containing (20 g/l) physiological electrolyte solution. Digoxin and digitoxin concentrations in blood and filtered plasma were measured by radioimmunoassay. The effects due to the amount eliminated by plasma exchange were distinguished from the effects due to hypoalbuminemia. The eliminative effect was confined to the plasma compartment. It resulted in a marginal decrease in the elimination half-life from 1.6 to 1.59 days for digoxin and 4.3 to 4.2 days for digitoxin. Theoretically, it can be calculated that the hypoalbuminemia caused an increase in the volume of distribution from 451 to 497 l (digoxin) and 35 to 50 l (digitoxin) and a further decrease in the elimination half-life from 4.2 to 4.1 days in the case of digitoxin (not digoxin). If given within 2 h prior to plasma exchange, 13 to 50% of the digitoxin dose (not digoxin) was eliminated. Alteration of digoxin and digitoxin dosage during repeated plasma exchanges is not recommended, but drugs should be given after, not before plasma exchange. PMID- 6538426 TI - Urinary excretion of digoxin and its metabolites in hyperacidic patients and in patients during coronary care. AB - The hydrolytic cleavage of digoxin was studied after single oral doses of tritiated glycoside to four patients with gastric hyperacidity (GH-group) and to six patients during coronary care (CCU-group). Drug analysis was performed with a high-pressure liquid chromatographic method. Results in the two groups did not differ and were similar to results in a previous study in healthy volunteers. On the average 22% of the radioactivity was recovered in 24-h urine specimen. Of this 24.8 +/- 8.5% (GH-group, mean +/- SEM) and 19.3 +/- 6.6% (CCU-group) were cleavage products and unidentified, polar metabolites in equal amounts. This indicates that hydrolysis of digoxin is on average limited even in patients at risk for such metabolic cleavage. PMID- 6538427 TI - [Effect of metronidazole on phenazone metabolism]. AB - Nine volunteers received in random order on three occasions either 15 mg/kg phenazone (antipyrine; in the following called phenazone, INN), 15 mg/kg phenazone and 1000 mg cimetidine or 15 mg/kg phenazone and 1000 mg metronidazole. Cimetidine prolonged phenazone half-life from 12.7 +/- 1.0 h to 15.5 +/- 1.0 h (p less than 0.05) and decreased total plasma clearance of phenazone from 40.9 +/- 3.9 ml/min to 33.9 +/- 2.9 ml/min (p less than 0.05). When metronidazole was given with phenazone to the volunteers no change of phenazone pharmacokinetics in plasma occurred. Urinary excretion of the main oxidative metabolites of phenazone (4-hydroxyphenazone, 3-hydroxymethylphenazone and norphenazone) was unaffected during cimetidine as well as metronidazole treatment. Both metronidazole and cimetidine potentiate the anticoagulant effect of warfarin. In contrast it could be shown that cimetidine does not interact with the metabolism of phenprocoumon. Whether metronidazole interferes with the pharmacokinetics of phenprocoumon should be studied in further investigations. PMID- 6538428 TI - A cross-over study of oral and intravenous administration of theophylline in male volunteers. Absolute bioavailability of theophylline tablets. AB - Seven normal male volunteers each received an injection of 208 mg theophylline anhydride for 4 min, and a 185-mg single oral dose theophylline anhydride (Broncho-Afonilum) on separate occasions. The concentrations of unchanged theophylline was analyzed over a 24-h period in plasma and a 48-h period in urine after both dosage forms. A 2-compartment model was required to describe the intravenous plasma concentration-time course in all seven subjects. A 1 compartment model sufficed to account for the decay of the oral plasma concentrations in all subjects. The mean plasma t1/2 after i.v. dosing was 6.5 h (3.5-9 h), and the mean plasma t1/2 after oral doses was 5.7 h (3-12 h). The calculated total of 23% (11-70%) of the intravenous dose was excreted in urine, and the mean total excretion after the oral dose was 12% (7-19%). The absolute bioavailability of oral theophylline was 94 +/- 20% PMID- 6538429 TI - Effects of a single dose of flurazepam on the sleep of healthy volunteers. AB - We compared the effects of a single dose of flurazepam (Dalmane) 45 mg with placebo on the sleep of twelve young, healthy male volunteers. A double-blind random-order cross-over design was used. Flurazepam 45 mg had no effect on sleep latency to stage 1 or to stage 2 sleep and no effect on percent stages 3 and 4 sleep. Total sleep time and percent stage 2 sleep significantly increased on the drug night, while wake time, percent stage 1, and percent REM decreased. It is hypothesized that decreases in stages 3 and 4 that are generally seen on second administration or withdrawal of flurazepam are due to the major metabolite, N desalkyl-flurazepam. In addition, respiration was recorded in six subjects. The number of NREM apneas increased from 15 on the placebo night to 29 on the drug night, although this was not statistically significant. The effect of flurazepam and other benzodiazepines on respiration deserves further study. PMID- 6538430 TI - Visual evoked potentials in rats selected for high or low self-stimulation. AB - Visual evoked potentials (VEPs) were analyzed in order to distinguish between rats from genetically high (HI) and low (LO) self-stimulation lines (LC2-HI and LC2-LO). Secondary VEP components - slow secondary negative wave (SNW) and sensory afterdischarge (SAD) - which are considered to be most sensitive indices of normal and pharmacologically-induced behavioral changes, were used for the comparison. Small, albeit statistically significant enhancement of SNW and SAD was obtained in LO rats. Unlike LO animals, HI rats gained in SNW amplitude and SAD area during repeated photic stimulation. The difference being highly significant. D,L-Amphetamine (1 mg/kg, i.p.) suppressed SAD and reduced the SNW amplitude in both HI and LO animals, although the predrug difference in their values remained practically unaltered. Apomorphine (0.25, 2.75, 5.25 mg/kg i.p.) had no measurable effect on VEP parameters even though it caused a regular picture of dose-related enhancement of locomotion and stereotypy. The effect of amphetamine can, therefore, be attributed to the activation of the norepinephrinergic system. Correspondingly, VEP variance in the two lines of rats is interpreted as related to the peculiarities of norepinephrine modulation of neocortical activity. PMID- 6538431 TI - The current status of myocardial disarray in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. PMID- 6538432 TI - Myocardial disorganisation in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. PMID- 6538433 TI - Granulomatous mastitis associated with a pituitary prolactinoma. PMID- 6538434 TI - The foetal alcohol syndrome. PMID- 6538435 TI - An unusual cause of large bowel obstruction in pregnancy. PMID- 6538436 TI - Defect in glycosylation of erythrocyte membrane proteins in congenital dyserythropoietic anaemia type II (HEMPAS). AB - Congenital dyserythropoietic anaemia type II (HEMPAS) is a hereditary disease believed to be caused by a membrane abnormality of erythroid cells. Since the molecular basis of this membrane abnormality has not yet been defined, membrane glycoproteins of HEMPAS erythrocytes were analysed by cell surface labelling and endo-beta-galactosidase digestion in this study. HEMPAS erythrocytes showed an abnormal glycoprotein profile when cells were labelled by the galactose oxidase/NaB[3H]4 method; Band 3 and Band 4.5 glycoproteins in HEMPAS are labelled but with less intensity although normally these proteins are the major components revealed by the same method. Instead, in HEMPAS, labelled lactosaminoglycans were found as a lower molecular weight glycoconjugate (HEMPAS glycan). HEMPAS glycan was characterized by micelle formation, a monomer molecular weight of 4000, susceptibility to endo-beta-galactosidase and resistance to protease. These characteristics suggest that HEMPAS glycan has the nature of macroglycolipid. Proteins of Band 3 and the glucose transport protein (a component of Band 4.5), which were detected by antibodies showed a slightly decreased molecular weight in HEMPAS erythrocytes compared to those from normal erythrocytes, which was consistent with the decreased glycosylation of these proteins. The results indicate that anomalies in glycosylation occurred specifically in lactosaminoglycan glycoproteins of HEMPAS erythrocytes. PMID- 6538437 TI - An interspecies approach to the investigation of the red cell membrane glucose transporter. AB - Glucose transport differs in red cells of various species. The following sequence of transport velocities was found: man greater than newborn pig greater than rat, dog greater than cattle greater than pig. No correlation was found between the amount of protein in band 3 and glucose transport activity. By contrast, a very clear peak in the band 4.5 region was found for newborn pigs, whereas adult pigs did not exhibit a corresponding peak in the electrophoresis. Thus further evidence is provided by our investigations in favour of band 4.5 region for glucose transport activity in red cells. PMID- 6538438 TI - The mechanism of decreased Na+-dependent D-glucose transport in brush-border membrane vesicles from rabbit kidneys with experimental Fanconi syndrome. AB - In our previous paper (Yanase, M. et al. (1983) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 733, 95 101) we reported that the Na+-dependent D-glucose uptake into brush-border membrane vesicles is decreased in rabbits with experimental Fanconi syndrome (induced by anhydro-4-epitetracycline). In the present paper we investigate the mechanism underlying this decrease. D-Glucose is taken up into the osmotically active space in anhydro-4-epitetracycline-treated brush-border membrane vesicles and exhibits the same distribution volume and the same degree of nonspecific binding and trapping as in control brush-border membrane vesicles. The passive permeability properties of control and anhydro-4-epitetracycline-treated brush border membrane vesicles are shown to be the same as measured by the time dependence of L-glucose efflux from brush-border membrane vesicles. D-Glucose flux was measured by the equilibrium exchange procedure at constant external and internal Na+ concentrations and zero potential. Kinetic analyses of Na+-dependent D-glucose flux indicate that Vmax in anhydro-4-epitetracycline-treated brush border membrane vesicles (79.3 +/- 7.6 nmol/min per mg protein) is significantly smaller than in control brush-border membrane vesicles (141.3 +/- 9.9 nmol/min per mg protein), while the Km values in the two cases are not different from each other (22.3 +/- 0.9 and 27.4 +/- 1.8 mM, respectively). These results suggest that Na+-dependent D-glucose carriers per se are affected by anhydro-4 epitetracycline, and that this disorder is an important underlying mechanism in the decreased Na+-dependent D-glucose uptake into anhydro-4-epitetracycline treated brush-border membrane vesicles. PMID- 6538439 TI - Kinetics of D-glucose and 2-deoxy-D-glucose transport by Rhodotorula glutinis. AB - The yeast Rhodotorula glutinis (Rhodosporidium toruloides) is capable of accumulative transport of a wide variety of monosaccharides. Initial velocity studies of the uptake of 2-deoxy-D-glucose were consistent with the presence of at least two carriers for this sugar in the Rhodotorula plasma membrane. Non linear regression analysis of the data returned maximum velocities of 0.8 +/- 0.2 and 2.0 +/- 0.2 nmol/min per mg (wet weight) and Km values of 18 +/- 4 and 120 +/ 20 microM, respectively, for the two carriers. Kinetic studies of D-glucose transport also revealed two carriers with maximum velocities of 1.1 +/- 0.4 and 2.4 +/- 0.4 nmol/min per mg (wet weight) and Km values of 12 +/- 3 and 55 +/- 12 microM. As expected, 2-deoxy-D-glucose was a competitive inhibitor of D-glucose transport. Ki values for the inhibition were 16 +/- 8 and 110 +/- 40 microM. These Ki values were in good agreement with the Km values for 2-deoxy-D-glucose transport. D-Xylose, the 5-deoxymethyl analog of D-glucose, appears to utilize the D-glucose/2-deoxy-D-glucose carriers. This pentose was observed to be a competitive inhibitor of D-glucose (Ki values = 0.14 +/- 0.06 and 5.6 +/- 1.6 mM) and 2-deoxy-D-glucose (Ki values = 0.15 +/- 0.07 and 4.6 +/- 1.2 mM) transport. PMID- 6538440 TI - Behavioral supersensitivity to beta-phenylethylamine after chronic administration of haloperidol. PMID- 6538441 TI - Acute behavioral stress affects the dexamethasone suppression test in rhesus monkeys. PMID- 6538442 TI - In vivo electrochemical and behavioral evidence for specific neural substrates modulated differentially by enkephalin in rat stimulant stereotypy and locomotion. AB - The enkephalinamide, D-Ala2-D-Pro5-enkephalinamide monoacetate (WY 42, 186), when systemically administered to male Sprague-Dawley rats, significantly inhibited sniffing, repetitive head movements, and frequency of rearing, stereotyped behaviors which are often associated with nigrostriatal dopamine activation. On the other hand, the locomotor component of amphetamine-induced stereotyped behavior, which is associated with mesolimbic dopaminergic activation, was not inhibited. In vivo electrochemical analysis showed a significant decrease in striatal dopamine release from striatum after systemic administration of D-Ala2-D Pro5-enkephalinamide monoacetate in chloral hydrate anesthetized rats, whereas the dopamine signal from the nucleus accumbens, a mesolimbic neuroanatomigic modulation of dopamine both behaviorally and biochemically. Also, the concept of separate neural systems for the stereotypic and locomotor components of amphetamine-induced stereotypy is reinforced. PMID- 6538443 TI - A comparative study of the effect of L-tryptophan and its acetylated derivative N acetyl-L-tryptophan on rat muricidal behavior. PMID- 6538444 TI - Drug holidays alter onset of oral movements in rats following chronic haloperidol. PMID- 6538445 TI - Effects of pentobarbital anesthesia on tonic luteinizing hormone secretion in the ewe: evidence for active inhibition of luteinizing hormone in anestrus. AB - In the ewe, seasonal anestrus appears to result from two effects of inhibitory photoperiod: 1) estradiol gains the capacity to suppress luteinizing hormone (LH) pulse frequency and hence becomes a potent inhibitor of tonic LH secretion and 2) a steroid-independent decrease in LH pulse frequency occurs in ovariectomized ewes. In this study, we have obtained evidence, using pentobarbital anesthesia, that both these actions of photoperiod reflect the activation, in anestrus, of an inhibitory neural system. Administration of pentobarbital to intact anestrous ewes produced a dramatic, 3-fold increase in LH pulse frequency during the 6 h of anesthesia. In contrast, during the breeding season, pentobarbital inhibited LH pulse frequency in luteal phase animals. There was also a seasonal variation in the effects of pentobarbital in ovariectomized ewes. During the breeding season this drug again suppressed LH secretion, inhibiting both LH pulse amplitude and frequency. In anestrus, pentobarbital also suppressed pulse amplitude, but it produced a transitory increase (lasting 3 h) in pulse frequency. To account for the stimulatory actions of pentobarbital, we propose that in anestrus, but not the breeding season, LH pulse frequency is held in check by a set of estradiol sensitive inhibitory neurons. Further, we suggest that these neurons are activated by inhibitory photoperiod and account for both the steroid-dependent and steroid-independent actions of photoperiod. PMID- 6538446 TI - Continuous [3H] thymidine infusion: a method for the study of follicular dynamics. AB - Cycling rats were given continuous infusions of [3H] thymidine [( 3H] TdR) by means of osmotic minipumps, and autoradiographs of ovaries were prepared. Silver grains were distributed in a diffuse and uniform fashion over the granulosa layer of growing follicles. Nearly 100% of granulosa cells in large healthy follicles were labeled within 24 h. This uniform labeling makes possible detailed cell cycle analysis, as well as other kinetic studies. Follicles which were already atretic before the minipumps were inserted remained unlabeled. Follicles which became atretic after the minipumps were inserted were heavily labeled. Thus, with continuous labeling, it is possible to deduce retrospectively the viability of a particular follicle as it had been at the time the minipumps were inserted. Short term continuous infusion of [3H] TdR, therefore, provides a valuable temporal component to morphometric studies of the ovary and should be useful for the study of other rapidly growing tissues as well. PMID- 6538447 TI - The C-terminal extrahelical peptide of type I collagen and its role in fibrillogenesis in vitro: effects of ethylurea. PMID- 6538448 TI - [Testicular endocrine function in hamadryas baboons (Papio hamadryas) during chronic emotional stress]. AB - Radioimmunoassay was applied to examine the time course of blood plasma testosterone content in 10 adult male hamadryas baboons under repeated immobilization stress (IS). In the first series of experiments, the monkeys (5) were subjected to daily IS for 2 h during 6 days. In the second series, 5 animals were exposed to 2-hour immobilization 3 days prior to the analogous stressful cycle. In response to intermittent IS the first series males demonstrated profound and long-term suppression of blood testosterone that persisted for 2 days after IS cessation. Preliminary application of a stressful stimulus substantially reduced the degree of blood testosterone suppression. Transitory decrease in blood testosterone was observed 2 hours after the outset of each stressful exposure, followed by complete recovery of testosterone blood level after 6 hours. The differences in the time course of testosterone indicate that the response of the pituitary-gonadal system is dependent on the regimen of stressful stimulus application. PMID- 6538449 TI - [Stress-protective properties of lithium nicotinate--a new derivative of nicotinic acid]. AB - Experiments were made to study stress-protective properties of a new psychotropic agent lithium nicotinate developed on the basis of natural metabolites. Prophylactic treatment of the drug given in courses entails an increase in the physical endurance and work fitness, improvement of animals' orientation under stress, facilitating the avoidance behavior. These effects were particularly demonstrable in highly emotional animals. In these animals, stress produced a paralyzing action. According to the electro- and ballisto-cardiography, the drug prevented the stress-induced disorders of cardiovascular function. PMID- 6538450 TI - Blastic transformation of essential thrombocythemia: dual expression of myelomonoblastic/megakaryoblastic phenotypes. AB - Three patients developed blastic transformation of essential thrombocythemia (tET). Morphological studies in all patients showed that the majority of blasts had either myeloblastic or myelomonoblastic differentiation. Immunologic assays of hematopoietic cells were performed in two patients. In patient 1, 86% of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (predominantly blasts) reacted with a monoclonal antibody specific for granulocytes and monocytes (MMA), and 15% of mononuclear cells reacted with Tab, a monoclonal antibody specific for megakaryocyte-platelet glycoproteins (PGP) IIb and IIIa. In patient 2, 41.5% of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (predominantly blasts) were MMA-positive, 22.5% were Tab-positive, and 40% reacted with rabbit anti-human PGP. These results suggest either that two subpopulations of blast cells exist in tET, or that blast cells simultaneously express surface markers of myeloblastic/monoblastic and megakaryoblastic differentiation. In these three and in nine previously reported cases of tET, neither age, sex, nor previous therapy were obvious etiologic factors. tET occurred 24.2 +/- 14.4 mo after diagnosis of essential thrombocythemia, and a majority of patients had hepatomegaly and/or splenomegaly, anemia, leukocytosis, and thrombocytopenia. Leukemic cell morphology was myeloblastic and/or monoblastic in 12/12 patients, 5/12 had marrow fibrosis. Despite various treatments, death occurred in 3.6 +/- 2.7 mo; one patient had a brief complete remission. PMID- 6538451 TI - Vinylchloride induced hepatic angiosarcoma. PMID- 6538452 TI - Long term oral acyclovir in disseminated mucocutaneous herpes simplex: a case report. AB - A 24 year old woman with Crohn's disease presented initially with a severe primary genital herpes infection. After the first attack frequent recurrences occurred on the hands, feet, and genitalia. The patient was treated with oral acyclovir for 12 weeks, during which time she had two brief minor recurrences. After treatment was stopped lesions recurred at the same sites. PMID- 6538453 TI - Response to melatonin in brain areas implicated in the sexual cycle of the rat. AB - In the sexual cycle control of the female rats, the amygdala, hypothalamus and septal area, nervous structures of the limbic system as well as the posterior cortex (latero-occipital), play an important role. The pineal gland is closely related to the gonadal function via its hormone melatonin. Based on this theory, we have studied the effect of melatonin in female rats on oxidative metabolism during the estrus and diestrus phases of the sexual cycle of the aforementioned structures and of the anterior cortex (latero-frontal), which is considered to be a control tissue of sexual activity, and also on the ovary. It was observed that melatonin administered by intraperitoneal injection or produced by the body itself by stimulation of the pineal gland due to blindness, produces an inhibiting effect on the mentioned nervous structures which is also manifest in the ovary, decreasing oxidative metabolism. PMID- 6538454 TI - Response of previously irradiated skin to combinations of x radiation, hyperthermia, and cis-diamminedichloroplatinum. AB - Mouse legs were irradiated to a dose of 30 Gy. After 50 days, when the acute reaction had regressed to a steady state, they were retreated with either various doses of x rays (15 to 30 Gy), hyperthermia, 45 min at 42.7 degrees C, cis-DDP, or a combination of these agents. The maximum skin reactions and the skin reactions integrated over 50 days were determined. Statistical analysis of these data indicated the thermal enhancement ratio for the previously irradiated skin was approximately 1.20. The combination of x irradiation, hyperthermia, and cis DDP treatments to the previously irradiated skin did not enhance the radiation damage beyond that produced by x irradiation and hyperthermia. PMID- 6538455 TI - Plasma exchange for acute idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. PMID- 6538457 TI - The cytoskeleton. PMID- 6538456 TI - Cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil infusion in patients with recurrent and disseminated epidermoid cancer of the head and neck. AB - The combination of cisplatin and 96-hour infusion of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) was evaluated in 30 patients with recurrent (local and regional) and disseminated histologically proven epidermoid cancer of the head and neck who failed surgery and radiotherapy. Cisplatin 100 mg/M2 intravenous (IV) bolus was given on day 1 with hydration and mannitol diuresis; 5-FU 1000 mg/M2 per day for 96-hour infusion was started immediately after cisplatin on day 1. All patients had measurable lesions. Eight (27%) patients achieved complete response (CR), and 13 (43%) had partial response (PR). Overall response rate was 70% (8 of 30 CR and 13 of 30 PR). Response rate in patients with recurrent local and regional disease was 89% (17/19) with median survival of 32 weeks, while response in patients with disseminated disease was 36% (4/11) with median survival of 24 weeks. Patients with good performance status (PS) (greater than or equal to 70%) had a response rate of 79% (19/24), while those with poor PS (less than 70%) had a response rate of 33% (2/6). Seven patients with recurrent disease who had a response to this chemotherapy went to further salvage surgical procedures. It is concluded that the combination of cisplatin and 5-FU is very effective and well tolerated in these patients, and leads to further salvage in some patients with improved longevity and quality of life. PMID- 6538458 TI - Rat liver DNA damage by the non-hepatocarcinogen 3,2'-dimethyl-4-aminobiphenyl. AB - The intestinal carcinogen 3,2'-dimethyl-4-aminobiphenyl (DMAB) and the hepatocarcinogen N-2-acetylaminofluorene (AAF) were administered intraperitoneally to male F344 rats to determine if both would produce DNA damage in the liver. Hepatocyte primary cultures (HPC) were prepared and DNA-repair was assessed in vitro by autoradiography. Hepatocytes from both DMAB- and AAF-exposed rats displayed DNA repair synthesis. These results confirm other observations that non-hepatocarcinogens can produce DNA damage in the liver, and that they can be detected in both in vitro and in vivo HPC/DNA repair assays. PMID- 6538459 TI - Pharmacokinetics of free and total platinum species after short-term infusion of cisplatin. AB - Pharmacokinetic studies were performed in ten patients who received short-term (4 15-min) infusions of cisplatin. Computerized nonlinear least-squares analysis (NLIN) and an adapted curve-stripping approach (CSTRIP) were used to characterize total-platinum concentration-time curves. The overall curves showed a rapid initial phase and a prolonged terminal phase, separated by a phase with secondary peaks attributed to the existence of an enterohepatic recirculation. Up to Day 5, NLIN analysis revealed three exponential phases, with half-lives of 14.4 mins, 273.7 mins, and 5.3 days, respectively. However, a significant consistent divergence (P less than 0.005) was found between the observed and predicted curves during the intermediate phase, not justifying the use of an exponential function during this phase. The shape of the intermediate curve was strongly suggestive of a second influx in the plasma compartment, the amount of which was estimated by the CSTRIP approach (1.4% +/- 0.5% of the administered dose). Free platinum levels declined in a biphasic manner (half-lives: 9.7 +/- 0.2 and 40.4 +/- 2.5 mins; n = 3). After administration of 100 mg/m2 of cisplatin, maximum platinum levels in rbcs ranged from 0.51 to 0.58 micrograms/ml and were reached within 90-150 mins. Thereafter, rbc platinum levels declined in a biphasic fashion, with a terminal half-life, for the interval Days 5-15, of 36-47 days. The binding of platinum to both plasma and proteins and rbcs in vitro (using patients' own blood) was slow, biphasic, and irreversible. PMID- 6538460 TI - Intraepithelial inclusions resembling human biondi bodies in the choroid plexus of an aged chimpanzee. AB - Complex intracellular inclusion bodies of the Biondi type were observed in the choroidal epithelium (choroid plexus of the lateral ventricle) of a 43-year-old male chimpanzee. The specific components of these inclusions are bundles of filaments 8-15 nm in diameter, which are associated with lipid droplets and a wide variety of unidentified inclusions of differing electron density. Biondi bodies are characteristic inclusions of the choroid plexus of aged humans but have been claimed to be absent from the choroidal epithelium of senescent animals including nonhuman primates. The present finding of Biondi body-like inclusions in an aged chimpanzee underscores the usefulness of nonhuman primates as models for studies of aging, seeking to gain a better understanding of gerontological aspects of the human brain. PMID- 6538461 TI - Stage-dependent modifications of amino acid uptake by antral and metaphase II mouse oocytes. AB - Modifications of leucine transport system of mouse oocytes have been studied throughout Graafian follicle development and oocyte maturation. In contrast to sheep oocytes (Moor and Smith, 1979), in the mouse kinetic constants and efflux rate of leucine transport system did not vary in diestrus, proestrus, and metaphase II (met II) oocytes. However, kinetics of leucine equilibration in proestrus and met II oocytes was significantly slower than that found in diestrus cells, and this may reflect a decreased availability of internal amino acids for exchange. PMID- 6538462 TI - DNA repair and induction of plasminogen activator in human fetal cells treated with ultraviolet light. AB - We have tested human fetal fibroblasts for development associated changes in DNA repair by utilizing nucleoid sedimentation as an assay for excision repair. Among skin fibroblasts the rate of excision repair was significantly higher in non fetal cells than in fibroblasts derived from an 8 week fetus; this was evident by a delay in both the relaxation and the restoration of DNA supercoiling in nucleoids after irradiation. Skin fibroblasts derived at 12 week gestation were more repair proficient than those derived at 8 week gestation. However, they exhibited a somewhat lower rate of repair than non-fetal cells. The same fetal and non-fetal cells were also tested for induction of the protease plasminogen activator (PA) after u.v. irradiation. Enhancement of PA was higher in skin fibroblasts derived at 8 week than in those derived at 12 week gestation and was absent in non-fetal skin fibroblasts. These results are consistent with our previous findings that in human cells u.v. light-induced PA synthesis is correlated with reduced DNA repair capacity. Excision repair and PA inducibility were found to depend on tissue of origin in addition to gestational stage, as shown for skin and lung fibroblasts from the same 12 week fetus. Lung compared to skin fibroblasts exhibited lower repair rates and produced higher levels of PA after irradiation. The sedimentation velocity of nucleoids, prepared from unirradiated fibroblasts, in neutral sucrose gradients with or without ethidium bromide, indicated the presence of DNA strand breaks in fetal cells. It is proposed that reduced DNA repair in fetal cells may result from alterations in DNA supercoiling, and that persistent DNA strand breaks enhance transcription of PA gene(s). PMID- 6538463 TI - Mechanisms for atrial arrhythmias associated with cardiomyopathy: a study of feline hearts with primary myocardial disease. AB - The cellular electrophysiologic and structural characteristics of arrhythmic and non-arrhythmic atria isolated from feline hearts with spontaneously occurring cardiomyopathy were studied. The animals were divided into three groups according to the degree of left atrial enlargement: mild (group I), moderate (group II), and severe (group III). The right atria were of relatively normal size. Microelectrode recordings showed that inexcitable cells were present in both left and right atria of all groups but were most numerous in the left atria of group III animals. Most inexcitable cells had low resting membrane potentials. There was also a significant reduction in resting membrane potentials, maximum rate of phase 0 depolarization, and action potential amplitude of excitable cells in left atria of animals in groups II and III, whereas action potentials of excitable cells in the right atria were normal. Acetylcholine or norepinephrine often restored excitability to cells that originally did not generate action potentials. Norepinephrine also caused slow-response action potentials as well as abnormal automaticity and triggered activity due to delayed afterpotentials. The diseased atria showed marked structural abnormalities, which were most pronounced in group III cats, including large amounts of interstitial fibrosis, cellular hypertrophy and degeneration, and thickened basement membranes. Therefore electrophysiologic abnormalities and concurrent changes in cell structure may be involved in the genesis of atrial tachyarrhythmias caused by cardiomyopathy. PMID- 6538464 TI - Causes of variation in birth weight: a study of offspring of twins. AB - In an effort to explain the causes of variation in birth weight within and between families, birth weights of 13,970 sons and daughters of monozygotic (MZ) and dizygotic (DZ) twins were analysed. The sample included birth weights of halfsibs and cousins related either through females or males, permitting the distinction between maternal and fetal genetic effects. Models of genetic and environmental variances were fitted to mean squares from analysis of variance. The results indicate that more than 50% of the total variation in birth weight is caused by variation in fetal genes, and that less than 20% is caused by variation in maternal genes. The remaining variance (20-30%) could be explained by random environmental effects. No certain effects were found of family-specific environment or of interactions between fetal and maternal genes. PMID- 6538465 TI - The Schinzel syndrome in a mother and daughter. PMID- 6538466 TI - Diagnostic considerations in arthrogryposis syndromes in South Africa. AB - Congenital rigidity of multiple joints poses a difficult diagnostic and therapeutic problem. There are also semantic difficulties as the non-specific term "arthrogryposis" is often used for any individual with congenital limitation of joint movement. Many distinct syndromes present in this way and as they differ in their course, prognosis and genetic implications, diagnostic precision is crucial. A diagnostic analysis is given of 247 South African patients in whom "arthrogryposis" had been recorded, and the pathogenesis and nosology of congenital contractures are discussed in this paper. Three of these stiff joint conditions were originally described in South African patients, i.e. Liebenberg synostosis syndrome, digitotalar dysmorphism, and the Gordon syndrome of autosomal dominant cleft palate, camptodactyly and club feet. PMID- 6538467 TI - Atypical gonadal dysgenesis: the role of Yq in determining phenotype and malignancy risk. AB - Two cases of atypical gonadal dysgenesis are described. Phenotypes are attributed to unique karyotypes derived from abnormal zygotic states modified by secondary cell line loss. A model is presented which proposes and defines a regulatory locus of Yq (Y-HT) and comments are made regarding the risk of malignancy in such patients. PMID- 6538468 TI - Phrygian cap simulating mass lesion in hepatobiliary scintigraphy. AB - Hepatobiliary imaging has been used to demonstrate that defects in the region of the gallbladder fossa in sulfur colloid studies correspond to normal gallbladder and not tumor. We report a case of delayed filling of a portion of the gallbladder due to a Phrygian cap anomaly. The case demonstrates that without delayed images incomplete filling of the gallbladder can be confused with a mass lesion in the liver. PMID- 6538469 TI - Gallbladder carcinoma. Another cause of the distended photon-deficient gallbladder in cholescintigraphy. AB - A case report of an 82-year-old woman with carcinoma of the gallbladder is presented. Technetium-99m DISIDA cholescintigraphy demonstrated nonvisualization of the gallbladder, with a large photon-deficient region corresponding to the gallbladder fossa, with medial displacement of the common bile duct. Carcinoma of the gallbladder has not been previously described as a cause of this scintigraphic pattern. PMID- 6538470 TI - A pelvic "doughnut" sign on three-phase bone scan. PMID- 6538471 TI - A challenge in managing a family with the fetal alcohol syndrome. PMID- 6538472 TI - D&C nos. 10 and 11: chemical composition analysis and delayed contact hypersensitivity testing in the guinea pig. AB - D&C Yellow no. 11 was found to consist predominantly of quinophthalone together with other minor components, though not 6'-methylquinophthalone. Quinophthalone was found to be a strong sensitizer in guinea pigs by means of a modified testing technique, and its threshold concentration for induction and challenge was 10 ppm. Purified D&C Yellow no. 10, which was found to consist of 6 derivatives of sodium sulfonated quinophthalone, did not sensitize or elicit a cross-reaction in quinophthalone-sensitized guinea pigs even at a challenge concentration of 5%. Commercial D&C Yellow no. 10 contained 0.95-170 ppm of quinophthalone, and it is suggested that skin sensitization by D&C Yellow no. 10 is caused by contaminating quinophthalone. PMID- 6538473 TI - Glutamine fructose-6-phosphate aminotransferase and glycoprotein synthesis in the developing chick eye. AB - Glutamine fructose-6-phosphate aminotransferase is an essential enzyme in the synthesis of glycoproteins and other complex carbohydrates. The specific activity of this enzyme was measured in posterior ocular tissues of the chick embryo from day 6 of development until hatching. The enzyme is present at high concentrations in the early embryo, then decreases 15-fold by day 9 in both retina and retinal pigment epithelium (PE). Thus, aminotransferase activity is highest during the period when retinal cells are migrating and beginning to differentiate; these maturational events may require cell-surface glycoproteins. On day 17-18 of chick embryo development, the neural retina suddenly adheres firmly and irreversibly to the underlying PE. Aminotransferase activity and glucosamine incorporation into retinal macromolecules were examined near this critical time, as were the effects of glycoprotein-synthesis inhibitors upon retinal adhesion. No evidence was found for involvement of complex carbohydrates (on cell surfaces or in the interphotoreceptor matrix, IPM) in formation of retinal adhesion in the chick. Histological studies show an absence of glycosaminoglycans in the IPM of embryonic chicks (at all stages) and of adult chickens, although these compounds are present in mammalian matrix. PMID- 6538474 TI - 6-Mercaptopurine-related pancreatitis in 2 patients with inflammatory bowel disease. AB - Two patients with inflammatory bowel disease who developed acute pancreatitis within 21 days of commencing treatment with 6-mercaptopurine are presented. Both were inadvertently reexposed to the drug and developed recurrent pancreatitis within 3 hr of a single dose. PMID- 6538475 TI - [Therapy of blast crises in megakaryocytic myelosis]. PMID- 6538476 TI - The heterogeneity of rat androgen-binding protein in serum differs from that in testis and epididymis. AB - Fractionation of testicular, epididymal, and serum extracts containing rat androgen-binding protein (rABP) on a Concanavalin A-Sepharose (Con A) column resolved two peaks of immunoreactive protein. The first peak was present in the void volume, and the other was bound by the column and specifically eluted by alpha-methyl-D-glucoside. These two peaks of immunoreactive rABP have been designated form I and form II for the portions of rABP that do not and do bind, respectively, to Concanavalin A. In the course of studying this heterogeneity, we observed that the distribution of the two forms of rABP was the same in the blood and cytosols prepared from testis and epididymis of young rats before the formation of the blood-testis barrier; that is, the ratio of form I to form II ranged from 1:1 to 1:2. Similar heterogeneity was observed in extracts of the reproductive tract from mature animals. However, the blood of adult rats contained reduced amounts of form I relative to form II, so that their ratio was about 1:5. Subsequent studies of infertile rats heterozygous for the Hre gene (Hre/ +), in which total rABP secretion was decreased, and of their normal littermates, indicated that the reduced amount of form I ABP in the sera of mature rats is typical of adult animals regardless of strain or genetic abnormality. The reduced amount of form I relative to form II observed in the blood of adult rats could result from either reduced secretion or increased metabolic clearance of form I in the blood compartment. To distinguish between these possibilities, the blood clearance of the two forms was estimated after orchiectomy. The disappearance rate of form I was not significantly different from that of either form II or unfractionated serum. These results are consistent with reduced release into blood of form I relative to form II rABP rather than increased clearance of form I in adult animals. PMID- 6538477 TI - Investigations on the relationship between sperm fertilizing ability and androgen binding protein in the restricted rat. AB - The hypothesized relationship between androgen-binding protein (ABP) and sperm maturation was investigated using a mutant rodent: the restricted rat. The seminiferous epithelium of these animals undergoes a spontaneous degeneration, but changes are progressive. Restricted rats in the transition to infertility were used to determine if changes in ABP were related to the decreased fertility found in these animals. Fertilizing ability was determined by insemination of cauda epididymal spermatozoa into hormonally primed female rats and examination of ova for evidence of fertilization 48 h later. Epididymal and testicular tissues were analyzed for ABP using a charcoal assay. Androgen levels were determined by RIA. Testicular weights were significantly reduced compared to those of normal littermates in restricted rats at all ages; epididymal weights were significantly reduced in rats 140 days and older. Among restricted rats, sperm fertilizing ability was variable, but was significantly lower than that in normal littermates; it was consistently highest at 90 days of age. Epididymal ABP content (picomoles per organ) was significantly reduced in restricted rats at all ages; peak values occurred at 90 days. Testicular ABP content was significantly reduced only in the youngest and oldest animals. Plasma testosterone levels were not statistically lower than those found in normal littermates, and ventral prostate weights were maintained at normal levels in all four groups of animals. A significant positive correlation existed between sperm fertilizing ability and epididymal ABP, but not between sperm fertilizing ability and plasma testosterone. Since ABP is an index of Sertoli cell function, these data indicate that sperm fertilizing ability is closely related to Sertoli cell function and/or ABP. PMID- 6538478 TI - Investigations on the relationship between sperm fertilizing ability and androgen binding protein in the hypophysectomized, pregnenoloneenolone-injected rat. AB - Hypophysectomized rats maintained with 2 mg pregnenolone have low plasma testosterone levels, but rete testis levels are normal. This model system was used to examine the importance of androgen-binding protein (ABP) in maintaining high luminal androgen concentrations for the development and maintenance of sperm fertilizing ability in the epididymis. Hypophysectomized rats were injected with pregnenolone (1, 0.5, 0.2, or 0.02 mg/100 g BW) for 14 days, starting 1 day after surgery. Sham-operated rats and a group of hypophysectomized rats were injected with oils as controls. At the end of the experimental period, sperm fertilizing ability, tissue weights, ABP, and testosterone levels were determined. The 1- and 0.5-mg doses of pregnenolone resulted in rete testis testosterone levels that were 67% and 29%, respectively, of the levels found in sham-operated animals. Plasma testosterone levels were not different from levels found in hypophysectomized, oil-injected controls with any of the pregnenolone doses. The three highest doses of pregnenolone resulted in levels of testicular ABP that were not statistically different from sham-operated levels (2 pmol/organ). Epididymal ABP content was maintained at sham-operated control levels (30 pmol/organ) with the 1-mg dose; with the 0.5- and 0.2-mg doses, ABP levels were 76% and 73% of sham-operated levels, respectively. Epididymal ABP specific content (picomoles per 100 mg tissue) was maintained at sham-operated control levels with the 1-, 0.5-, and 0.2-mg doses. Sperm fertilizing ability was maintained at sham-operated control levels with the three highest doses of pregnenolone. The 0.02-mg dose of pregnenolone resulted in values that were not statistically different from hypophysectomized, oil-injected control values for all parameters tested. A significant positive correlation existed between ABP and sperm fertilizing ability. These data demonstrate that testicular and epididymal ABP levels can be maintained in hypophysectomized rats with pregnenolone treatment alone, and that sperm fertilizing ability can be maintained when intraluminal androgen levels are low and ABP levels are near normal. This suggests that ABP may be important in the maintenance of normal sperm fertilizing ability. PMID- 6538479 TI - Neonatal hypoxia and epileptic risk: a clinical prospective study. AB - A historical cohort study was undertaken to determine the risk of epilepsy in a population of 371 newborns with an acute neurological disorder related to fetal and/or neonatal hypoxia compared with a control population of 362 normal newborns. The results showed that the risk of epilepsy was 5.1 times higher in the group of subjects affected at birth by a hypoxia-related acute neurological syndrome than in the control group. (Although the incidence of epilepsy is higher in the first year of life, epileptic seizures connected to perinatal hypoxia may occur in early childhood or later on.) Also, there were frequently persistent neuropsychiatric disorders in children with perinatal hypoxia (5.4%). There was no difference in the two groups regarding the incidence of febrile convulsions. The data show that perinatal hypoxia plays a role in the etiology of epilepsy, although at birth the hypoxia might result in only a modest and oftentimes completely reversible neurological syndrome. PMID- 6538480 TI - Electroconvulsive seizures inhibit amygdala kindling: implications for mechanisms of action in affective illness. AB - Amygdala kindling, the progressive development of seizures following repeated electrical stimulation, has been used as a model of epileptogenesis, neural memory, and the development of behavioral alterations. In an attempt to interfere with the kindling process, electroconvulsive seizures (ECS) were administered 6 h prior to or immediately after once-daily amygdala stimulation. ECS compared with sham ECS 6 h prior to kindling profoundly inhibited the development of amygdala kindled seizures, while ECS immediately after the afterdischarge (AD) were not effective. In a second study, seven daily ECS, but not a single ECS followed by a 6-day delay, markedly suppressed established amygdala-kindled seizures compared with sham ECS controls. The generalized seizures of ECS thus appear to be paradoxically anticonvulsant to limbic seizures. Carbamazepine, a potent anticonvulsant for temporal lobe and limbic seizures in animals and man, inhibits amygdala-kindled seizures and is effective in the treatment of manic-depressive illness. The current findings suggest the possibility that the efficacy of ECS in affective illness may be, in part, related to its limbic antikindling and anticonvulsant effects. PMID- 6538481 TI - Four secretory proteins synthesized by hepatocytes are transported from endoplasmic reticulum to Golgi complex at different rates. AB - Pulse-chase experiments in conjunction with subcellular fractionation and quantitative immunoprecipitation have been used to study the intracellular transport of four secretory proteins, albumin, transferrin, prealbumin and retinol-binding protein, in isolated rat hepatocytes. The proteins were found to be transported from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to the Golgi complex (GC) at greatly different rates (t1/2 = 14-137 min), indicating that transport of secretory proteins between these organelles is effected by a selective, possibly receptor-mediated process and not through bulk phase transfers. The transport from the Golgi complex to the medium was rapid for all proteins (t1/2 approximately 15 min) and possibly occurred at the same rate. Consistent with these kinetic data, the amount of a rapidly transported protein (albumin) in the GC fraction was found to be high (relative to its amount in the ER fraction) whereas the amount of a slowly transported protein (transferrin) in the GC fraction was found to be low, as determined by radioimmunoassays. PMID- 6538482 TI - Inactive proenzyme to tissue-type plasminogen activator from human melanoma cells, identified after affinity purification with a monoclonal antibody. AB - The human 66 000 mol. wt. plasminogen activator (HPA66; tissue-type plasminogen activator) has been purified from melanoma cells by a one-step affinity method with a monoclonal antibody. HPA66 purified in this way consists mainly of a one polypeptide chain form with small amounts (15%) of a form containing two polypeptide chains held together by one or more disulphide bridges. The one-chain form was converted to the two-chain form by catalytic amounts of plasmin. During the conversion, the enzyme activity of HPA66, as measured by an [125I]plasminogen conversion assay and with a chromogenic substrate, increased linearly with the percentage of the two-chain form. A linear regression analysis showed that all enzyme activity could be accounted for by the two-chain form, while the one-chain form had no measurable enzyme activity (detection limit approximately 5% of the activity of the two-chain form). Together with previous findings of inactive proenzymes to murine and human approximately 50 000 mol. wt. (urokinase-type) plasminogen activators, these findings indicate that plasminogen activators are generally formed from inactive one-chain proenzymes which are converted to active two-chain enzymes by limited proteolysis, thus demonstrating a third step in a cascade reaction leading to extracellular proteolysis. PMID- 6538483 TI - Interaction of the HB protein of Bacillus globigii with nucleic acids. Analysis of the binding to DNA and polynucleotides. AB - Fluorescence of the phenylalanine residues of the HB protein of Baccillus globigii was found to be quenched upon binding to nucleic acids. Using this phenomenon, the binding properties were investigated on the basis of an approach published recently. The stoichiometric numbers were about 10 basepairs per bound protein molecule for double-stranded DNA and about 10 bases for single-stranded polynucleotides, independent of salt concentration. Cooperativity parameters were in the range of 50-250. Binding constants were about 5 X 10(6) M-1 (at 0.1 M NaCl) and decreased with increasing salt concentration. From the salt dependence it is inferred that about one Na+ ion is displaced upon binding of a protein molecule to DNA. Therefore the binding site should contain one positively charged amino acid residue. The protein was found to bind with comparable strength to double-stranded and single-stranded DNA as well as to poly(rA). Hence it is concluded that the HB protein does not belong to the category of 'melting proteins'. PMID- 6538484 TI - Monoclonal anti-glycoprotein antibody that blocks cell adhesion in Polysphondylium pallidum. AB - Polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies were prepared against a glycoprotein (gp 64) of Polysphondylium pallidum previously shown to act as a target site of adhesion blocking Fab prepared from antisera against whole membranes of aggregation competent cells. The purified glycoprotein, with a nominal Mr of 64000, could be fractionated into two subspecies, gp 64I and gp 64II, with apparent Mr of 66000 and 60000, as determined in 7.5% sodium dodecyl sulfate/polyacrylamide gels. Rabbit antibodies against purified gp 64 reacted not only with the two subspecies but also with many other membrane proteins. Almost all the cross-reactivity could be abolished by absorption of the antibodies with extensively purified gp 64. All monoclonal antibodies obtained by screening with gp 64 showed similar cross reactivity. One monoclonal antibody specifically precipitating gp 64 was selected by screening with antigen that had been pretreated with anhydrous hydrogen fluoride for removal of carbohydrates. Fab from polyclonal anti-(gp 64) sera as well as one monoclonal Fab completely blocked cell adhesion of aggregation competent P. pallidum cells. A carbohydrate fraction prepared by treatment of gp 64 with proteases and hydrazine completely neutralized the adhesion-blocking Fab. The product of hydrazinolysis contained less than 3% of the original peptide as based on the glucosamine recovered, but the specific neutralizing activity of the carbohydrate was essentially the same as that of the glycoprotein. In conclusion, monoclonal as well as polyclonal adhesion-blocking Fab reacted with carbohydrates; gp 64 shared the relevant carbohydrate moieties with other membrane proteins. PMID- 6538485 TI - Comparative haemodynamic studies on the acute cardiac effects of alcohol in the rat and guinea pig. AB - Left ventricular pressure-volume relations, indices of contractility and the resting tension curve were recorded in wistar rats and guinea pigs prior and during acute intoxication with ethyl alcohol. Indices were recorded at blood alcohol concentrations between 2% (200 mg per 100 ml) and 6% in rats and 1.6% and 2.8% in guinea pigs. Due to the higher heart weight and body weight, end diastolic volume in guinea pigs was increased for any end-diastolic pressure as compared with rats. On the other hand maximal isovolumetric pressure in the rats was twice as high as in the guinea pigs. At a blood alcohol level of 2.8% left ventricular isovolumetric pressure was reduced by 13%, and maximal rate of pressure rise by 25% in rats and guinea pigs. Though the experimental method was identical in rats and guinea pigs, a blood alcohol concentration of 1.6% in the guinea pigs was associated with a mortality of 55% and a blood alcohol concentration of 2.8% with a mortality of 75% whereas the mortality rate in rats was 0% at these blood alcohol concentrations. The reason for this difference could not be entirely clarified. In conclusion, acute alcohol intoxication results in a comparable dose-dependent cardiac depression in rats and guinea pigs despite marked differences in basic haemodynamics of the two species. PMID- 6538486 TI - The epidemiology of AIDS in Europe. PMID- 6538487 TI - Clinical features of AIDS in Europe. PMID- 6538488 TI - High-dose cytosine arabinoside in multiple myeloma. AB - In 14 patients with advanced refractory multiple myeloma, the effect of high-dose cytosine arabinoside (ara-C) administration was evaluated. There was one partial remission among 13 evaluable patients who received 2 g/m2 intravenously over 2 hr every 12 hr, for a total of 2-8 g/m2 per course, repeated every 3-4 weeks. Myelosuppression constituted the dose-limiting toxicity, causing two treatment related deaths from infection and bleeding. Prior extensive therapy, a low percentage of cells in S phase and low levels of intracellular ara-CTP accumulation in the bone marrow could explain the resistance of myeloma to this treatment. PMID- 6538489 TI - Phase II study of 9-hydroxy-2N-methylellipticinium acetate. AB - A broad phase II trial of elliptinium was conducted in 105 evaluable patients with advanced solid tumors. The drug was given as a 60-90-min i.v. infusion at a weekly dose of 100 mg/m2. Of 36 breast cancer patients, one achieved complete and six achieved partial response for an overall response rate of 19%. Responses lasted for 12-56 weeks from initiation of therapy. There was also one partial response among 21 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the lung. No response could be obtained in 17 patients with colon cancer, 13 patients with head and neck cancer and 18 patients with a wide variety of other malignancies. Myelosuppression was minimal. Nausea and vomiting were the most frequent toxic effects. The drug also produced serious xerostomia and acute intravascular hemolysis. Asthenia was common. Other adverse reactions included fever and chills, transient neurologic and cardiovascular manifestations and renal function impairment. Additional work is needed to define optimal modes of drug administration. PMID- 6538490 TI - Alkylation of DNA by the new anticancer agent 3,6-diaziridinyl-2,5 bis(carboethoxyamino)-1,4-benzoquinone (AZQ). AB - The bifunctional cross-linking activity of 3,6-diaziridinyl-2,5 bis(carboethoxyamino)-1,4-benzoquinone (AZQ, NSC 182986) on isolated calf thymus DNA was studied, using ethidium bromide fluorescence assay. Between 1 and 350 microM AZQ produced a dose-dependent cross-linking effect in the presence of a 10 fold excess of sodium borohydride. No cross-linking was observed in the absence of the reducing agent. AZQ can also be activated by NADH and NADPH at pH 4. The AZQ cross-linking activity exhibited a strong pH dependency, highest at acidic pH, lower at alkaline pH and not seen under neutral conditions. It was also significantly inhibited under anaerobic conditions. At pH 5 the binding ratio was 1 molecule of AZQ per 191 bases at an AZQ dose of 300 microM. Our results suggest that reduced AZQ behaved like a bifunctional alkylating agent. PMID- 6538491 TI - Inhibition by hydroxy-N-methyl elliptinium of precancerous mammary hyperplastic alveolar nodule formation in mice. AB - Daily subcutaneous injections of 5 micrograms hydroxy-N-methyl elliptinium for 4 weeks in a high mammary tumor strain of SHN virgin mice was found to decrease the number of precancerous mammary hyperplastic alveolar nodules (HAN) associated with the increase in the number of ghosts, the remnants of regressed HAN. On the other hand, the treatment had little influence on the normal mammary lobulo alveolar system, serum prolactin level, estrous cycle and endocrine organ weights. The results have demonstrated that elliptinium can inhibit the formation of HAN and induce their regression with no modulation of endogenous conditions of mammotropic hormones. PMID- 6538492 TI - Effects of p-(3,3-dimethyl-1-triazeno)benzoic acid potassium salt on leukemic infiltration of brain and liver in mice bearing P388 leukemia. PMID- 6538493 TI - High-dose cytosine arabinoside therapy in acute non-lymphocytic leukemia. PMID- 6538494 TI - Combination chemotherapy with cisplatin and VM-26 in advanced transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. AB - Forty-one evaluable patients with bidimensionally measurable metastases of transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder were treated with cisplatin 70 mg/m2 i.v. on day 1 and VM-26 100 mg/m2 i.v. on days 1 and 2, every 3 weeks. Response was evaluated after 2 treatment cycles. Complete response (CR) was achieved in 4 patients (10%) and partial response (PR) in 17 (41%). The median response duration was 6 months. In this group of previously untreated patients the combination of cisplatin and VM-26 did not appear to yield better response rates than would be expected from cisplatin alone. PMID- 6538495 TI - Prognostic scoring using cytomorphometry and lymph node status of patients with breast carcinoma. AB - Applying morphometry on FNA smears may lead to meaningful prognostic subgrouping of breast carcinomas. A statistical analysis of the cytomorphometric and clinical data of 73 patients with breast carcinoma was performed. By multivariate analysis, taking into account various prognostic factors, it was shown that variations in nuclear area and the presence of axillary metastases were the most important prognosticators. By weighing these factors a prognostic score was obtained. According to that score the patients were classified into 4 score groups: the decreasing survival with increasing score was evident. The prognostic score was also related to the metastasis-free period. This prognostic scoring is relatively easy to perform, and can be done in routine pathology laboratories. PMID- 6538496 TI - cis-Platinum (DDP) and VP 16-213 (etoposide) combination chemotherapy for advanced non-small cell lung cancer. A phase II clinical trial. AB - Forty-six patients with non-small cell lung cancer were treated with a combination of cis-platinum, 90 mg/m2 i.v. on day 1 and VP 16-213, 100 mg/m2 i.v. on days 1, 3 and 5. The overall remission rate was 22%, with a median duration of 7 months. Squamous cell and large cell undifferentiated carcinomas responded in 27 and 22% of patients, and seven patients with adenocarcinoma did not respond to chemotherapy. Survival was 7 months for all patients, 11.5 months for responders (7-27+), 8.5 months for patients with stable disease (3-27+) and 5 months for progressive tumours (1-9). Prognosis was adversely influenced by a performance status of less than 80%, a weight loss of more than 10 kg during the last 3 months before start of treatment and a radiologically demonstrable 'major' atelectasis (collapse of at least one superior or inferior lobe of the lung). Only one out of 31 patients with one or more poor prognostic factors came into remission. In contrast, nine out of 15 patients without poor prognostic factors showed objective tumour regression (60% remission rate). Stage and age did not affect the results. Haemotologic and renal toxicity were mild, but poor subjective tolerance (nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite) was prominent. PMID- 6538497 TI - Cumulative effects of age and pathology on plasma carcinoembryonic antigen in an unselected elderly population. AB - Plasma CEA was measured in 776 institutionalized elderly patients, 593 women and 183 men, whose mean age was 80.8 +/- 9.7 yr. Of these subjects 39 were found to be free of any pathology and were considered as a control group. All the other subjects had a variety of diseases, malignant or not, known or not known to be associated with elevated CEA. This study showed that elderly people in their 80s, in apparent good health, had higher levels of CEA (3.0 +/- 1.4 ng/ml) than younger people. These levels were shown to be significantly increased in a large number of non-malignant diseases. No correlation could be found between elevated CEA values and autopsy finding or drug administration. Using the chi square test, the number of patients with CEA levels greater than 5 ng/ml was found to be significantly higher in chronic renal failure and cancer. Mortality was also found to be higher in patients with CEA levels greater than 5 ng/ml during a 25 month follow-up. Higher levels of CEA in elderly subjects in apparent good health, as well as increase of these levels in a large set of non-malignant pathology, must thus be kept in mind when interpreting data arising from old people because of both the false-positive (healthy elderly subjects) and the cumulative effects of polypathology on plasma CEA. PMID- 6538498 TI - Cell cycle parameters and prognosis of colorectal cancer. AB - In vitro determination of S phase duration and labeling index were performed, in tumor and normal tissues, in 15 patients with rectal and colon cancer to determine if these cell cycle parameters can predict the clinical course of the disease. Microscopic analyses of the tumor and adequate follow-up were obtained for all patients. S phase duration and labeling index did not exhibit any obvious correlations with age, sex, tumor localization, Duke's classification or other microscopic prognostic features; neither did they show any difference between patients alive without cancer 5 yr after initial treatment and those dead from cancer or other causes. PMID- 6538499 TI - Effect of polyethylene glycol 400 on adriamycin toxicity in mice. AB - The effect of a widely used organic solvent, polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG 400), on the toxic action of an acute or chronic treatment with adriamycin (ADR) was evaluated in mice. PEG 400 impressively decreased both acute high-dose and chronic low-dose-ADR-associated lethality. Light microscopic analysis showed a significant protection against ADR-induced cardiac morphological alterations. Such treatment did not diminish the ADR antitumor activity in L1210 leukemia and in Ehrlich ascites tumor. PMID- 6538500 TI - Potentiation of 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea cytotoxicity in 9L rat brain tumor cells by methylglyoxal-bis(guanylhydrazone), an inhibitor of S-adenosyl-L methionine decarboxylase. AB - Methylglyoxal-bis(guanylhydrazone) (MGBG), a potent inhibitor of the spermidine and spermine biosynthetic enzyme S-adenosyl-L-methionine decarboxylase, enhanced the cytotoxicity of 1,3-bis-(2-chlorethyl)-1-nitrosourea in 9L rat brain tumor cells in vitro, as measured by a colony-forming efficiency assay, by an amount that was approximately the same as the potentiation caused by the ornithine decarboxylase inhibitor alpha-difluoromethylornithine. Dose enhancement ratios at 10, 1 and 0.1% survival levels were approximately 1.3 for both inhibitors. 9L cells that were treated for 48 hr with 40 microM MGBG had putrescine, spermidine and spermine levels that were 112, 41 and 21%, respectively, of polyamine levels in control cells. MGBG treatment does not increase intracellular levels of decarboxylated S-adenosyl-L-methionine (AdoMet) as alpha-difluoromethylornithine treatment does. Elevated levels of decarboxylated AdoMet could modify intracellular methylation reactions and could affect the cytotoxicity of a chloroethylnitrosourea. Despite the fact that MGBG treatment caused a slight increase in intracellular levels of AdoMet, it is unlikely that this elevation will increase the amount of intracellular methylation. Thus it appears that effects caused by the decrease in polyamine levels are responsible for the potentiation of chloroethylnitrosourea cytotoxicity against 9L cells. PMID- 6538501 TI - Comparison of antitumor effects of daunorubicin covalently linked to poly-L-amino acid carriers. AB - Daunorubicin was covalently linked to poly-L-aspartic and poly-L-lysine of different molecular weights via the methylketone side-chain of the drug by the use of a method that employs the 14-bromo derivative of the antibiotic. During reaction ester and C-N linkages were formed with poly-L-aspartic acid and poly-L lysine respectively. Whereas a reduction of drug toxicity was observed with both types of conjugate, only the linking to the anionic polymer produced an enhancement of drug activity. In contrast, when drug was covalently attached to poly-L-lysine, cytotoxic activity and in vivo potency and efficacy were markedly reduced. The different therapeutic properties of these conjugates can be explained in terms of the different nature and stability of chemical bonds formed between the drug and the amino groups and carboxyl functions of the polyamino acid carrier. PMID- 6538502 TI - Receptor-mediated antiproliferative effects of corticosteroids in Lewis lung tumors. AB - Dextran-coated charcoal competitive binding assays and Scatchard analysis revealed the presence of high-affinity, low capacity binding sites for dexamethasone in cytosol preparations from Lewis lung tumors. In vitro studies with live cells indicated approximately 9000 nuclear binding sites/cell for the ligand-receptor complex. In vivo inhibition of cell proliferation by dexamethasone, methylprednisolone and triamcinolone acetonide was found to be dose-dependent. Changes in the [3H]-TdR labeling index, mitotic index and saturable cytosol receptor sites after dexamethasone treatment in vivo suggested a dose-dependent G1 progression delay which, after cessation of dexamethasone treatments, was apparently reversible. Resumption of cell-cycle progression was characterized by synchronous progression through S-phase and correlated temporally with receptor site desaturation. In vivo studies indicated that the effectiveness of vincristine given after dexamethasone was highly sequence dependent, with the most effective sequence interval being coincident with the interval of maximal S-phase cellularity. Other studies indicated sequential chemotherapy with dexamethasone, vincristine and 5-Fu could be effectively employed, following primary tumor excision, to increase animal survival. PMID- 6538503 TI - Multiple myeloma with high tumour mass. Treatment with high-dose methylprednisolone, cyclophosphamide and vindesine. PMID- 6538504 TI - Platelet number and platelet function: their importance in hemostasis. PMID- 6538505 TI - Lipids and liposomes for improving efficacy of cancer chemotherapy. PMID- 6538506 TI - Sex-dependent differences in the pharmacological actions and pharmacokinetics of phencyclidine in rats. AB - This study was designed to assess the sex differences in phencyclidine(PCP) induced ambulatory activity in an open-field, stereotyped behaviors, motor incoordination, tremor, salivation, the regional and subcellular distributions of PCP in the brain and the half-life of PCP in the brain and plasma. Female rats appeared to be more sensitive to PCP as evidenced by hyperactivity, stereotyped behaviors, motor incoordination, tremor, salivation and ataxia. The concentrations of PCP in female rat brain were higher than in the male rats in some discrete brain areas and subcellular fractions. The half-life of PCP in the brain and plasma was longer in female rats than in male rats. The inverse relationship of pharmacological responses to PCP and biotransformation of PCP in both sexes of rats suggests that sex differences in pharmacological actions of PCP depend largely on differences in ability to biotransform the drug. PMID- 6538507 TI - Dependence in the absence of tolerance to morphine. AB - Intravenous morphine depressed the firing of cat dorsal horn neurones to impulses in unmyelinated primary afferents. Electrophoretic administration of naloxone in the substantia gelatinosa between 10 min and 6 h after morphine revealed hyper responsiveness which was not associated with apparent tolerance to morphine. The observations suggest the changes underlying dependence occur very rapidly in the dorsal horn probably at a site different from that at which morphine acts. PMID- 6538508 TI - Actin microfilaments and fibroin secretion in the silkgland cells of Bombyx mori. Effects of cytochalasin B. AB - Bombyx mori posterior silkgland cells exhibit an impressive microfilament apparatus located at the cellular apex. It consists of bundles of packed, long microfilaments of 50-70 A diameter running along circumferences delimiting the lumen of the gland, perpendicularly to the flow of luminal silk. Microfilaments are closely associated with microtubules of the cytoplasmic 'radial microtubule system'. Immunolabelling with purified antihuman actin antibodies was used to demonstrate their actin-like nature. Apical microfilaments are sensitive to cytochalasin B (CB) which selectively inhibits the secretion of fibroin. Following the removal of the drug, microfilaments recover their normal morphology and secretion resumes. The possible implication of contraction of microfilaments in the process of secretion is discussed. PMID- 6538509 TI - Diurnal variation in human tear enzymes. AB - A fluorometric technique for measuring the activities of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and malate dehydrogenase (MDH) in human tear fluid is described. Measurement of separate LDH and MDH activities during the day resulted in fluctuating values with no definite pattern. However, a consistent diurnal pattern emerged when the tear LDH/MDH ratio was measured for individual tear sample. The tear LDH/MDH ratio was highest upon waking, declining soon after to a stable level for the remainder of the day. Evidence for a corneal epithelial origin of tear LDH and MDH is discussed, as well as the ability of the technique to detect differences in the metabolic status of the epithelium between the open eye and closed-eye environments. Possible causes of the elevation of the tear LDH/MDH ratio following lid closure are unbinding of intracellular M-type LDH within epithelial cells and increased cell membrane permeability, both processes occurring in response to reduced cellular energy content under the more hypoxic conditions of lid closure. Although the nature of the present experiment did not allow any conclusive statement, de novo LDH synthesis may also be contributing to the increased tear LDH/MDH ratio. Deliberate corneal epithelial surface disruption was found to have no quantifiable effect on the tear LDH/MDH ratio. PMID- 6538510 TI - A search for brain damage in a rat model of alcoholic sleep apnea. AB - To determine whether or not brain damage is likely to occur in the repeated apneic episodes experienced by some alcoholics during intoxicated sleep, rats were anesthetized with alcohol and subjected to repeated episodes to asphyxia. Each episode lasted 90 s, arterial PO2 was less than 50 mm Hg for 60 s, and 30 episodes of asphyxia occupied 45 min in the first h of anesthesia. In other rats asphyxic episodes occupied more than half of the first 2 or 3 h of anesthesia, or 1 h of asphyxic episodes was repeated on 5 successive days. In none of these rats was there evidence of neuronal damage by electron microscopy, or axonal degeneration by Fink-Heimer staining, or Purkinje cell loss by counting. It was found that even in normal nervous tissue about 3% of mitochondria were in condensed forms suggestive of a degenerative phase in their life cycle. PMID- 6538511 TI - [Effect of phenol ring polymers on the release of plasminogen activators]. AB - The effects of synthetic and natural phenol polymers on the release of plasminogen activator were examined on an isolated vascular preparation of the pig ear. Of the synthetic phenol polymers, the products of caffeine acid and 3,4 dihydroxyphenylacetic acid were found to raise the activity of plasminogen activator. As far as the natural polymers of phenol are concerned, only sodium humate was found to produce an action similar to that of the products of caffeinic acid and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid. PMID- 6538512 TI - Cyclic GABA-GABOB analogues. IV. Activity on learning and memory. AB - A number of N-substituted 4-hydroxy-, 4-acyloxy- and 4-alkoxy-2-pyrrolidinones were examined by a screening method predictive of their activity on cognitive processes. The 1-aminocarbonylmethyl-substituted compounds showed a favorable effect on learning and memory, and among them the most active was the 4-hydroxy derivative, oxiracetam, which had a potency considerably higher than piracetam, used for comparison purposes. PMID- 6538514 TI - Differences between uterine and melanoma forms of tissue plasminogen activator. AB - Tissue plasminogen activator purified from human uterine tissue exhibits differences in N-terminal starting positions in relation to the melanoma cell plasminogen activator usually studied. A new starting position is compatible with an additional N-terminal processing apart from those already known. Like the melanoma activator, the uterine activator was found to yield protein chains starting at either of two positions. One of these was identical between uterine and melanoma activators, whereas the other was unique in each case. The most abundant starting position for the uterine preparation was at a valine residue, apparently from cleavage of a Gln-Val bond, and corresponding to Val-7 of the longest form of the melanoma activator chain. PMID- 6538513 TI - Crosslinking of tropomyosin to myosin subfragment-1 in reconstituted rabbit skeletal thin filaments. AB - Rabbit skeletal tropomyosin was labeled with the bifunctional photoactivatable crosslinker N-succinimidyl-6- (4'-azido-2'-nitrophenylamino)hexanoate. After irradiating the rigor complex composed of myosin subfragment-1, crosslinker labeled tropomyosin, and F-actin, a crosslinked product was formed. This product was identified as a 1:1 adduct of tropomyosin and subfragment-1. This finding is in support of recent structural studies which suggest that tropomyosin and subfragment-1 are in close proximity to each other, and may be relevant to the mechanism of thin filament regulation. PMID- 6538515 TI - Human endothelial cells contain one type of plasminogen activator. AB - At least two types of animal plasminogen activating enzymes exist, differing in amino acid sequence, molecular mass and immunological reactivity: the urokinase type and the tissue-type plasminogen activators. By affinity chromatography with monoclonal antibodies, we have purified the human activators of both types to homogeneity. Using immunocytochemistry with rabbit antibodies raised against these preparations, we now demonstrate that the plasminogen activator present in endothelium of veins and other blood vessels is of the tissue-type. No urokinase type plasminogen activator immunoreactivity was detected in endothelial cells in the intact organism. These findings support the assumption that mobilization of plasmin for different purposes may involve different types of plasminogen activators, and that the plasminogen activator involved in thrombolysis is of the tissue-type. PMID- 6538516 TI - Effect of variation of in vitro culture techniques upon oocyte fertilization and embryo development in human in vitro fertilization procedures. AB - Human in vitro fertilization requires a safe healthy environment for gamete interaction. This report compares the use of tube cultures with that of organ culture dishes for human in vitro fertilization procedures. Moreover, an oocyte grading system is described that provides an individualized approach for timing of insemination. From the results of this study, the use of organ culture dishes and variable oocyte preincubation demonstrates a significant improvement in human fertilization success in vitro. PMID- 6538517 TI - The value of prolactin dynamics as a predictor of ovulation with bromocriptine in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome. AB - Six euprolactinemic polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) patients were subjected to a 24-hour study with serum sampling every 30 minutes and a perphenazine stimulation test. The serum prolactin (PRL) levels were compared with those of five healthy normoprolactinemic women whose cases were evaluated in a similar fashion. In addition to evaluating the PRL secretory pattern and lactotroph response, the PCOS individuals were given dopamine agonist therapy in a graduated dosage schedule, increasing each month, over a 3-month interval. The PCOS patients exhibited parallel but lower PRL levels than the control subjects during the late evening and early morning hours (P less than 0.0001) and were less responsive to perphenazine at the 6-hour sampling (P less than 0.05). Only one PCOS individual had suggestive evidence of ovulation over the 15 cycles the group was monitored. Therefore, we conclude that euprolactinemic PCOS patients who are nocturnal hyposecretors of PRL and who hyporespond to a perphenazine stimulation test are not likely to ovulate on bromocriptine in the dosages used in this study. PMID- 6538518 TI - Measuring mobility of the metacarpophalangeal joints II, III, IV, and V in the dorso-volar plane. PMID- 6538519 TI - Cancellous bone strength at the proximal human tibia. PMID- 6538520 TI - Surface electromyogram (EMG)/muscle force: a muscle model based on RMG peaks. PMID- 6538521 TI - Liquid repellency and surgical fabric barrier properties. PMID- 6538522 TI - Research priorities in medical engineering. PMID- 6538523 TI - Partial immobilization of the ankle and talar joints complex and its effect on the ground--foot force characteristics. PMID- 6538524 TI - Developmental uncoupling between blastoderm and yolk cell in the embryo of the teleost Fundulus. AB - During cleavage and blastula stages of embryos of the teleost Fundulus heteroclitus all of the cells are both electotonically coupled and dye coupled to one another, as determined by microelectrode impalements and spread of Lucifer Yellow. At about the time that gastrulation begins we observed a specific loss of junctional coupling between the yolk cell and cells of the blastoderm. Passage of Lucifer Yellow between the yolk cell and blastoderm was reduced at stage 12 (late blastula), and not detected at stage 13 and thereafter, although cells of the blastoderm remain dye coupled to one another through gastrula stages. Also, junctional electrical coupling between the yolk cell and blastoderm became substantially reduced at stage 13 and thereafter. The loss of coupling at this specific cell apposition and time and the large size of the yolk cell may prove useful in analyzing the underlying cellular mechanisms. PMID- 6538525 TI - PKU, learning, and models of mental retardation. AB - Experimental phenylketonuria was induced in male rats by daily injections of alpha-methylphenylalanine and phenylalanine on postnatal Days 3-31. Beginning at 8 weeks of age, the animals were subjected to a test of observational learning followed by a test of latent learning (two tests of "advantageous" learning). The animals subjected to the PKU treatment early in life showed significant learning deficits in both tests. The importance of these studies lies in the fact that unlike conventional tests of learning, tests of advantageous learning are sensitive to the kinds of biological insults which cause mental retardation in humans. This differential sensitivity evident in studies of animal models of cognitive pathology is analogized to the areas of dysfunction which characterize human mental retardation. Suggestions for the development of appropriate models of intellectual development are made. PMID- 6538526 TI - Nonnutritive, thermotactile induction of filial huddling in rat pups. AB - Norway rat pups, 15 days of age and older, huddle preferentially with members of their own species. This normal filial response can be reassigned, however, by altering the olfactory characteristics of the mother. The present series of experiments was designed to isolate those aspects of maternal stimulation that establish the filial huddling preferences of rat pups. Results of two-choice huddling tests indicated that daily, 4-hr exposures to a perfumed foster dam induced filial preferences for odors associated with maternal care. Similar effects were also achieved with equal amounts of "mere exposure" (familiarization) to odors. Different kinds of odor-experience pairings were evaluated with a within-subject regime of alternating, daily exposures. It was found that preferences induced by maternal contact are stronger than those resulting from familiarization. We rejected the hypothesis that the nursing relationship is a necessary or contributory factor in the establishment of the rat's filial attraction; preferences for odors associated with a nonlactating foster mother were as strong as those derived from maternal contact that included nutritive nursing. Contact interactions with an inanimate, warm, scented tube induced preferences as strong as those induced by maternal care. It was concluded that thermotactile stimulation during mother-young interactions induces olfactory preferences in the weanling rat. PMID- 6538527 TI - [Beneficial effects of disopyramide on left ventricular outflow obstruction in a case of hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy]. AB - The Authors describe a patient with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), severe left ventricular outflow tract obstruction and lack of response to beta-blockers or verapamil. Intravenous infusion of disopyramide resulted in a virtual disappearance of the LV pressure gradient, reduction of the systolic anterior motion of the mitral valve and slowing of the LV isovolumetric relaxation. One month after maintenance therapy with oral disopyramide a decrease of the anginal episodes and an improvement of the exercise tolerance were noted. Thus disopyramide, probably because of its negative inotropic action, is useful in the management of patients with HCM when LV outflow obstruction is the main cause of the clinical-hemodynamic findings. PMID- 6538528 TI - Monozygotic vs. dizygotic twin behavior in artificial mouse twins. AB - Adult inbred mice of an isogenic strain (AKR/NHan or C57BL/6J Han) differ in social (sexual and agonistic), emotional and psychomotoric behavior, depending on the kind of manipulation to which they were subjected at an early ontogenetic stage. Monozygotic twins (MZT) from eight-cell stages halved and transferred to uterine foster mothers were compared with dizygotic twins (DZT) from nonreduced but transferred eight-cell stages and with naturally born animals (NBA). Generally, early embryonic conditions predict the behavioral characteristics of the adult animals to a high degree. The MZT are motorially less active, less emotional, less aggressive and less socially interested than DZT and NBA. In tests of spontaneous social behavior (allogrooming, anogenital licking, mounting, fighting), as well as in tests for emotionality (open field: crossed fields and defecation), these behavioral patterns occurred less frequently in MZT than in DZT; the NBA were mostly intermediate. The copulatory pattern of male MZT differs from that of male DZT by a shortage of intromission latency and duration; furthermore, MZT pairs do not build up a steady rank order in competitive copulation tests, as opposed to DZT and NBA pairs. In a test for psychomotoric behavior (swimming), the MZT prefer "floating" as a survival strategy, whereas the DZT and NBA prefer "adult swimming." Therefore, it can be concluded that these behavioral differences may be caused by the particular psychosocial environment in which the twins grow up or may be due to early prenatal peculiarities, such as inadequate synchronization of the developmental status of uterus and embryo. PMID- 6538529 TI - [Mutagenic action of tritium on the germ cells of male mice. I. The induction of dominant lethal mutations by tritium oxide and an assessment of its relative biological effectiveness]. AB - The frequency of dominant lethal mutations (DLM) in the germ cells of male mice exposed to either THO- or gamma-irradiation of 137Cs at the dose of 0.5-3.7 Gr was studied. The distribution of the number of dead embryos in females from the control group as well as that at a dose of irradiation less than 1 Gr, corresponds to the Poisson rule. Spermatids appeared to be more radiosensitive than spermatocytes and spermatozoa. The rate of the effect caused by irradiation of both spermatocytes and spermatids did not depend on the dose rate of gamma irradiation ranging from 1.10(-3) to 1.7 Gr per min. The linear quadratic formula of aD+bD2 describes the relation of the DLM frequency to the doses of either beta or gamma-irradiation. The THO RBE increases with the decrease of the dose reaching 2.5 at the D less than 0.1 Gr. PMID- 6538530 TI - [Inheritance of the serotonin level in 1st-generation mice from crosses with different inbred strains]. AB - The level of serotonin content in brain stem and stomach was studied in the first generation of different combinations of inbred mice strains. The serotonin level was shown in these tissues to be inherited differently. Heterosis was observed in the gastro-intestinal tract. Serotonin brain level depends on strain combinations in crosses. PMID- 6538531 TI - [Phenogenetics of human dermatoglyphics (a factorial model)]. AB - The factor analysis was made of the intrapair differences of the quantitative characteristics of the finger dermatoglyphics in mono- and dizygotic twins. The mechanisms determining "laterality" and "locality" of separate factors are discussed. The developmental model is proposed that suggests existence of several embryonic fields and subsequent incorporation of the genes to control the formation of finger prints. PMID- 6538532 TI - [Polymorphism of human blood serum cholinesterase in populations of Evenks and Yakuts in Krasnoyarsk Territory]. AB - Polymorphism for E2 locus of human serum cholinesterase was studied in populations of evenks and yakuts of Krasnoyarsky region by the method of starch gel electrophoresis. Thee frequencies of C5+ phenotype correspond to C5+ frequencies in other mongoloid populations of Siberia. The activity of cholinesterase was determined by semiquantitative technique. Three individuals with a sharply decreased cholinesterase activity have been revealed. PMID- 6538533 TI - Metoclopramide in chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. PMID- 6538534 TI - A pilot study of lorazepam-induced amnesia with cis-platinum-containing chemotherapy. AB - Eighteen patients with advanced epithelial ovarian cancer were given 36 courses of cis-platinum-containing chemotherapy at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center. Patients were given lorazepam (Ativan) prior to chemotherapy. Amnesia for the day of chemotherapy was reported in 29 courses. Lack of recall for the chemotherapy infusion and the subsequent 8 hr or greater was reported in 33 of the 36 courses. In two courses, no amnesia effects were noted. No serious side effects of lorazepam therapy occurred and all patients believed that the amnesic effect was beneficial during chemotherapy. Lorazepam (Ativan) appears to be a safe medication to induce amnesia for cis-platinum chemotherapy and deserves further study to determine its effect on anticipatory vomiting, nausea and vomiting, and patient compliance with continued chemotherapy. PMID- 6538535 TI - Cytogenetic study in 50 couples with recurrent abortions. AB - The presence of chromosome abnormalities in couples with repeated spontaneous abortion is known even if the phenomenon is far from a complete assessment. A cytogenetic investigation in 50 couples with a history of two or more spontaneous abortions is referred to in this study. A peripheral blood lymphocyte culture was harvested for each subject and the slides were stained by G- and C-banding. Of the 100 individuals examined, 4 were carriers of balanced translocations, 3 of which were of the Robertsonian type. A chromosomal fragility (chromatidic and/or chromosomic gaps) was seen in 2 cases. The incidence of balanced translocations found here is 8% which is near to the mode (about 9%) observed in previous studies. Those frequencies are greater than in the general population (0.1-0.4%). This indicates that balanced translocations have some importance in causing abortion while this is not the case for other chromosomal abnormalities (e.g. pericentric inversions). Thus, cytogenetic analyses should be recommended in couples with repeated spontaneous abortions, when clinical data fail to clarify the cause. PMID- 6538536 TI - Protection with butylated hydroxytoluene and other compounds against intoxication and mortality caused by hexachlorophene. AB - The antioxidants butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) and ethoxyquin protected rats against intoxication and mortality normally produced by hexachlorophene (HCP, 100 mg/kg). BHT also prevented the elevation of cerebrospinal fluid pressure, a central nervous system effect of HCP poisoning. In addition, both phenobarbital and SKF-525A protected against HCP poisoning, with the barbiturate also offering significant protection against triethyltin. L-Ascorbic acid, vitamin E, N,N diphenyl-p-phenylenediamine and reduced and oxidized glutathione over a range of doses were ineffective in preventing HCP lethality. The protective effect of phenobarbital against HCP and triethyltin intoxication further supports existing evidence of a common or similar mechanism of toxic action for these two structurally dissimilar compounds. PMID- 6538537 TI - Enhancing effect of butylated hydroxytoluene on the development of liver altered foci and neoplasms induced by N-2-fluorenylacetamide in rats. AB - The enhancement of hepatocarcinogenesis by butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) in comparison with that by phenobarbital (PB) was studied by quantifying their effects on N-2-fluorenylacetamide (FAA)-induced preneoplastic and neoplastic rat liver lesions. Hepatocellular altered foci identified by iron exclusion and gamma glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT) activity were induced by feeding 0.02% FAA for 8 wk. Subsequently, BHT was fed at concentrations of 300, 1000, 3000 or 6000 ppm for up to 22 wk after cessation of FAA exposure; PB was fed at concentrations of 316 or 500 ppm for comparison. The lower doses of BHT (300, 1000 and 3000 ppm) did not exert a significant effect on either foci development or the final yield of neoplasms. At 6000 ppm, BHT increased the number of foci, the area occupied by GGT-positive preneoplastic and neoplastic lesions and the neoplasm incidence, as did 316 and 500 ppm PB. Comparison of the effects of BHT and PB at equimolar concentrations revealed that BHT was a much weaker enhancer of liver carcinogenesis. Apparently, the effective dose range of BHT as an enhancer is rather restricted. On the basis of available evidence that BHT is nongenotoxic and exerts epigenetic effects, we conclude that BHT is a weak promoter of liver carcinogenesis. PMID- 6538538 TI - Effects of retinoic acid on rat bone. AB - The effects of retinoic acid on rat bones were investigated. Fifteen adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were given various oral doses of retinoic acid (0-20 mg/kg body weight/day, 5 days/wk) and were killed after various treatment periods (1-17 wk). Histological and microradiographic examination of the bones showed the presence of lesions, the development of which was dependent on the dose and the duration of treatment. These lesions were characterized by a dissolution of bone matrix, leaving only fibrils, by osteocytic osteolysis and by an increase in osteoclastic resorption. PMID- 6538539 TI - A balance study of 14C-labelled 3H-imidazo[4,5-f]quinolin-2-amines (IQ and MeIQ) in rats. AB - The absorption and excretion of 14C-labelled 2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5 f]quinoline (IQ) and 2-amino-3,4-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline (MeIQ) were studied in rats of both sexes. The excretion was rapid and within 24 hr more than 90% of the radioactivity had left the rats. After 72 hr the faecal excretion of both compounds was approximately 45-65% and the corresponding excretion via the urine amounted to 37-49%. Only 1-2% was left in the carcasses and less than 0.2% was found in the expired air. About 70% of the IQ and 80% of the MeIQ was found in the bile fluid in a separate 24-hr study. The two compounds had different biliary excretion patterns and the mutagenicity of the bile correlated closely with the excretion of radioactivity. PMID- 6538540 TI - Metabolism and distribution of 3,4-epithiobutanenitrile in the rat. AB - The metabolism and distribution of [2-14C]- and 35S-labelled 3,4 epithiobutanenitrile (4ETN), a thiirane occurring naturally in cruciferous vegetables, was studied in the rat. A dose of c. 11 mg 4ETN/kg body weight was rapidly transformed into water-soluble compounds and was mainly excreted in the urine, irrespective of the route of administration (oral or ip). The main metabolite in the urine was identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry as a mercapturic acid derivative. Low residual radioactivity demonstrated in organs 72 hr after administration was consistent with an earlier report that the thiirane may function as a weak biological alkylating agent. PMID- 6538541 TI - Quantitative assessment of phototoxicity in the skin of hairless mice. AB - For determining threshold levels of inflammation resulting from a phototoxic regimen, measurement of ear thickness with a hand-held micrometer was compared with assessment by eye of the reaction on the dorsa of hairless mice. The ear measurement technique was less sensitive with respect to the minimum concentration of 8-methoxypsoralen at which phototoxicity could be detected. However this technique was more quantifiable and more objective than detection of threshold responses by eye. Changes in ear thickness were detectable over an extended period of time with a maximum increase at 16 days; return to normal thickness occurred by 35 days. Compressibility of affected ears changed during the course of measurement, but repetitive measurement of the ears did not alter the development or resolution of the inflammatory response. PMID- 6538542 TI - Oestrogenic response of the CD-1 mouse to the soya-bean isoflavones genistein, genistin and daidzin. AB - The soya-bean isoflavones genistein and daidzein have been reported to exhibit oestrogenic activity in mice, but there is a significant difference in the response of different mouse strains to these compounds. The CD-1 mouse was found not to respond to these oestrogenic compounds from soya-beans or to diethystilboestrol at levels previously reported to be effective in other strains. PMID- 6538543 TI - Urinary porphyrin pattern in liver damage. AB - Known techniques were used with slight modification to analyse and quantify porphyrins in the urine samples of normal human subjects, of clinically established jaundice cases and of women taking oral contraceptives. The results indicate that the urinary porphyrin pattern can be a useful tool in the detection of early liver injury. PMID- 6538544 TI - Sudden heart death. PMID- 6538545 TI - Control in congenital adrenal hyperplasia monitored by frequent saliva 17OH progesterone measurements. AB - Treatment in a group of 19 patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) has been monitored by frequent, serial measurements of saliva 17OH-progesterone (17OHP) concentrations. Detailed 17OHP profiles were obtained during consecutive weekend days and every 1-2 h over a separate 24-hour period. Patients showed a marked diurnal rhythm in 17OHP levels, particularly when treated with hydrocortisone. In some patients, 10 mg/m2/day of hydrocortisone was sufficient glucocorticoid replacement to produce adequate control, although there was considerable individual variation. Saliva 17OHP profiles provided valuable information on the efficacy of hydrocortisone, cortisone acetate, prednisolone and dexamethasone as glucocorticoid suppressive regimes in the treatment of CAH. Preliminary results suggest that hydrocortisone given in two divided doses during the day, supplemented by a small dose of prednisolone at bedtime, is suitable treatment for CAH patients who are still growing. In the patient who has completed statural growth, single daily dose dexamethasone therapy ensures adequate adrenal suppression and is convenient in the longterm. PMID- 6538546 TI - Biochemical and morphological alterations of baboon hepatic mitochondria after chronic ethanol consumption. AB - Baboons fed ethanol (50% of total calories) chronically develop ultrastructural alterations of hepatic mitochondria. To determine whether mitochondrial functions are also altered, mitochondria were isolated from nine baboons fed ethanol chronically and their pair-fed controls. At the fatty liver stage, ADP-stimulated respiration was depressed in ethanol-fed baboons by 59.4% with glutamate, 43.2% with acetaldehyde, 45.1% with succinate and 51.1% with ascorbate as substrates. A similar decrease was noted in the ADP/O ratio (14 to 28%) and respiratory control ratio (20 to 44%) with all substrates. Similar alterations of mitochondrial functions were observed in baboons with more advanced stages of liver disease, namely fibrosis. These changes after ethanol treatment were associated with decreases in the enzyme activities of mitochondrial respiratory chain: glutamate, NADH and succinate dehydrogenase (42, 24 and 28%, respectively), glutamate-, NADH or succinate-cytochrome c reductase (42, 27 and 32%, respectively) and cytochrome oxidase (59.6%). The content of all cytochromes was also decreased in ethanol-fed baboons, especially aa3 (57%). Moreover, [14C]leucine incorporation into mitochondrial membranes was depressed by 21% after ethanol treatment. On the other hand, glutamate dehydrogenase activities of serum and cytosol in ethanol fed baboons were significantly higher than those in pair-fed controls. Morphologically, mitochondria of ethanol-fed baboons were larger than those of pair-fed controls. However, the mitochondrial protein content per mitochondrial DNA was unchanged. From these results, we conclude that, morphologically and functionally, hepatic mitochondria in baboons are altered by chronic ethanol consumption; it is noteworthy that these changes are fully developed already at the fatty liver stage, and that morphological alteration appears to reflect the damage of mitochondrial membranes rather than an adaptive hypertrophy. PMID- 6538547 TI - Gamete production, sex hormone secretion, and mating behavior uncoupled. AB - A common observation for seasonally breeding vertebrates is that the reproductive processes of gamete production, sex steroid hormone secretion, and mating behavior coincide, and further, that sex steroid hormones activate mating behavior. The postulate of hormone-dependence of mating behavior is based primarily on detailed studies of laboratory and domesticated species. However, comparison of a wide array of vertebrates reveals numerous exceptions to this supposed rule. Consideration of these species indicates that there is no fixed or intrinsic causal association among gamete production, sex hormone secretion, and mating behavior within any of the classes of vertebrates. PMID- 6538548 TI - Effects of estradiol and progesterone on scent-marking behavior of female rats. AB - The effect of estradiol and progesterone on scent-marking behavior of the female rat is reported. Estradiol followed by progesterone injection to ovariectomised rats results in an increase in marking rates. This suggests an endocrine base to the changes in scent-marking behavior that are known to occur with the rat estrous cycle. PMID- 6538549 TI - Medical staff-administration relations under PPS. A roundup of medical staff leaders' opinions and comments. PMID- 6538550 TI - Medical staff privilege disputes. A ripe area for litigation centers on reasons for denial. PMID- 6538551 TI - Helminths of the dog: treatment and control. PMID- 6538552 TI - Preparation and properties of mouse monoclonal antibody (W14A) to human chorionic gonadotropin. AB - A mouse monoclonal antibody, W14A, has been prepared which reacts with intact human chorionic gonadotropin and its beta-subunit, showing less than 2% cross reactivity towards the alpha-subunit and 0.5% cross-reactivity towards the beta subunit of luteinizing hormone. The reagent is suitable for the radioimmunolocalization of choriocarcinoma and trophoblastic teratoma in humans. A preliminary radioimmunoassay has been developed. PMID- 6538553 TI - Failure of thromboxane synthetase inhibition to improve exercise tolerance in patients with stable angina pectoris. AB - We report the results of a double-blind study of dazoxiben in which treatment was continued for 3 weeks in patients with angiographically proven coronary artery disease who were receiving no other antiplatelet drugs. PMID- 6538554 TI - Diurnal variation of variant angina. PMID- 6538555 TI - A study on skin humidity in leprosy patients using a new type of humidity meter. AB - The Vaisala Humicap humidity meter was used to estimate the moisture of the skin. The one-minute relative evaporation (OMRE) was regarded as a manifestation of the skin humidity and assessed in areas with and without sensation. When the sweat glands were inactive, the humidity on the whole was the same in both areas. After they were activated by sun exposure, there was a great rise in humidity in the sweating areas, but the nonsweating areas also had a marked increase. However, after 20 minutes' rest indoors, the patients' humidity returned from the increased level to the level before sun exposure. Soaking the feet, followed by Vaseline rubbing, did not give more hydration than Vaseline rubbing alone. Thus foot soaks have no rational basis for restoring dry skin to normal. Application of ordinary zinc oxide adhesive tape, on the other hand, proved to be a very effective way to hydrate the skin, but for practical use only in limited areas. The urgent need of an "extra skin" for the soles and margins of the soles was stressed for two vital reasons: to prevent dryness and to provide protection. PMID- 6538556 TI - Nine cases of rifampin-resistant leprosy. PMID- 6538557 TI - Polyethylene glycol precipitates in serum during and after erythema nodosum leprosum--study of their composition and anticomplementary activity. AB - Polyethylene glycol (PEG) precipitates obtained from sera were characterized and quantitated in 20 borderline lepromatous (BL) and polar lepromatous (LL) patients with moderate to severe erythema nodosum leprosum (ENL) before and four weeks after treatment with anti-ENL drugs, e.g., cortisone, clofazimine, chloroquine, or aspirin. Although the clinical severity of ENL subsided, there was no significant clearance of material that precipitates with PEG from the circulation. These precipitates had variable anticomplementary properties. PMID- 6538558 TI - Free subepidermal grenz zone (band of Unna) in lepromatous leprosy. Histological and ultrastructural findings. AB - Although the grenz zone is indeed free of typical leprosy cells with giant lysosomes, it is not free from leprosy bacilli--these are found in slightly infested macrophages and fibroblasts. For that reason, it would be much clearer if we simply called this region the subepidermal grenz zone of lepromatous leprosy. The subepidermal grenz zone is not pathognomonic of leprosy since grenz zones can be found in other diseases as well. Whereas the grenz zone is typical in lepromatous leprosy, it is not necessarily characteristic of the borderline or the tuberculoid form of the disease. The light and electron microscopical structure of the grenz zone shows that the formation of the subepidermal grenz zone cannot be explained by any particular pathogenetic principle on which therapy can be based. PMID- 6538560 TI - Use of the life table to eliminate from the active record Hansen's disease patients out of control and of unknown whereabouts: a six-year experience using this method in the state of Rio Grande do Sul. AB - Three criteria for the withdrawal of Hansen's disease patients of unknown whereabouts from the active record are presented, based on patients' age, number of years they have been out of control, and probability of their being alive, calculated according to a regional mortality table. In the first criterion, patients who have been lost and who according to their life table have a lower than 50% mathematical probability of being alive were given "statistical discharge." In the second and third criteria, Mitsuda-negative patients who had been lost for more than 20 years and Mitsuda-positive patients who had been lost for more than ten years and who had not been included in the first criterion were given "statistical discharge." During the six years in which the method was used in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, 506 patients of unknown whereabouts were withdrawn from the active record, four of whom were found to be alive with the disease in progress. The results that have been achieved suggest an accuracy rate of about 100% for the first criterion of "statistical discharge" and about 98% for the other two criteria. PMID- 6538559 TI - Erythema nodosum leprosum (ENL). Ultrastructure of the connective tissue response. AB - In ENL lesions of the type associated with severe damage to the connective tissue of the dermis, large quantities of bacterial debris were demonstrated by electron microscopy, although not by light microscopy. The debris, in an advanced stage of degeneration, was present in the phagosomes of decrepit macrophages, in the extracellular compartment and, in particular, bound to degenerate collagen and elastic where immunoglobulin, complement, and inflammatory mediators had been demonstrated previously. It is suggested that the complexing of mycobacterial antigen is a major factor in the causation of connective tissue damage, as well as other aspects of ENL. The reason why connective tissue involvement is so variable has not been explained. PMID- 6538561 TI - The 1983 Journal--a continuing perspective. PMID- 6538562 TI - Adaptive changes to training in adipose tissue lipolysis are genotype dependent. AB - In order to study the effects of heredity and of physical training on adipose tissue morphology and metabolism, 15 pairs of monozygotic twins (MZ) (six males and nine females), aged from 16 to 24 years, weighing 56.2 +/- 9.1 kg and with 13.9 +/- 8.2 percent body fat, were submitted to a biopsy of adipose tissue in the suprailiac region. In addition, eight pairs of twins (four male and four female) took part in a 20-week ergocycle training program, five days a week, 40 min a day, at 80 percent of their maximal heart rate. Adipocyte diameter (AD) was assessed on collagenase isolated fat cells. Basal (BL), epinephrine submaximal (10(-5) M) (ESML) and epinephrine maximal stimulated lipolysis (10(-4) M) (EML) were determined on isolated fat cells. Intraclass correlation coefficients indicated significant intrapair resemblance before training for all fat morphological and metabolic indicators (0.78 less than or equal to ri less than or equal to 0.93). Training significantly increased VO2 max (pre: 44.7 +/- 7.6 (ml/kg) vs post: 50.8 +/- 5.0; P less than or equal to 0.001). No training effect was found in percent body fat and AD. Training significantly increased BL, ESML, and EML (P less than or equal to 0.01). Moreover, twins of the same MZ pair yielded identical responses in ESML and EML with training. Intraclass coefficients for the magnitude of change in activity over pretraining values reached 0.84 and 0.90 respectively. Apparently a genetically determined response to training could not be found for BL. These results show that training per se has an effect on adipose tissue lipolysis beyond variation in fatness. Furthermore, sensitivity of stimulated lipolysis to training appears to have a genetic basis. PMID- 6538563 TI - Dichotic listening in the morning and evening. AB - Normal subjects needed greater intensity to detect dichotic and monotic click stimuli in the evening compared to the morning. Also, the asymmetry for detecting dichotic clicks shifted from morning to evening. The morning pattern of left ear lead advantage was absent in the evening. In contrast, there was no morning versus evening change in either overall accuracy or right ear advantage for consonant-vowel discrimination. PMID- 6538564 TI - Plasma retinol and retinol-binding protein in pre-term infants born small for gestational age or of appropriate weight for age. AB - Plasma retinol and retinol-binding protein (RBP) were measured in 39 pre-term infants, 15 of whom were small-for-gestational age (SGA), within 48 h of birth. Retinol concentrations were inversely correlated with gestational age and birth weight, but there was no significant difference between the well grown pre-term infants and the SGA infants. RBP concentrations were not correlated with gestation or birth weight, but the values in SGA infants were significantly lower than in well grown infants (P less than 0.01). Although RBP was highly correlated with retinol in well grown infants (P less than 0.001), no such correlation was observed in SGA infants. The significance of this is discussed. PMID- 6538565 TI - Lamb production and its components in pure breeds and composite lines. I. Seasonal and other environmental effects. AB - Season of lambing and other environmental effects on ewe performance were analyzed for purebred Finnsheep (F), Rambouillet (R), Dorset (D), Targhee (T) and Suffolk (S) and the generations of crosses in development of two maternal composite lines (1/2F1/4R1/4D) and (1/2F1/4T1/4S) in accelerated (January, May and September) or annual April lambing. The data involved 10,959 ewe breeding season records for 4,219 ewes of 412 sire families over 4 yr. Various measures of ewe productivity and its components (fertility, litter size, neonatal and preweaning survival and weaning weight) were analyzed. Fertility was higher for annual April than for accelerated May or January lambing and was sharply lower for September lambing. Fertility of F and F-cross ewes was significantly higher for May and lower for January lambings relative to R and D ewes. Litter size also was higher in annual April (1.9) than in January (1.8) or May (1.7) and September (1.4). Neonatal and preweaning survival was higher in September when litter size was smaller. Mean weaning weights were depressed in the larger April and May litters. Thus, weight of lambs weaned/ewe exposed was higher for annual April than for May and January lambing and was very low for September lambing. Hormone treatment of ewes for September lambing increased fertility from 16 to 44% and litter size from 1.6 to 1.8. Short lambing interval (8 mo vs 12+ mo) reduced mean ewe fertility by five percentage points, and most for the January lambing of Finnsheep ewes. PMID- 6538566 TI - Peroxidase-catalyzed N-demethylation reactions. Substrate deuterium isotope effects. AB - Deuterium isotope effects on the kinetic parameters for the hydroperoxide supported N-demethylation of N,N-dimethylaniline catalyzed by chloroperoxidase and horseradish peroxidase were determined using N,N-di (trideuteromethyl)aniline. The isotope effect on the Vmax for the chloroperoxidase-catalyzed demethylation reaction supported by ethyl hydroperoxide was 1.42 +/- 0.31. The isotope effects on the Vmax for the horseradish peroxidase-catalyzed reaction supported by ethyl hydroperoxide and hydrogen peroxide were 1.99 +/- 0.39 and 4.09 +/- 0.27, respectively. Isotope effects ranging from 1.76 to 5.10 were observed on the Vmax/Km for the hydroperoxide substrate (i.e. the second order rate constant for the reaction of the hydroperoxide with the peroxidase to form compound I) in both enzyme systems when the N-methyl groups of N,N-dimethylaniline were deuterated. These results are not predicted by the simple ping-pong kinetic model for peroxidase-catalyzed N-demethylation reactions. The data are most simply explained by a mechanism involving the transfer of deuterium (or hydrogen) from N,N-dimethylaniline to the enzyme during catalysis. The deuterium must subsequently be displaced from the enzyme by the hydroperoxide, causing the observed isotope effects. PMID- 6538567 TI - Diurnal variation of cytosolic fatty acid-binding protein content and of palmitate oxidation in rat liver and heart. AB - Delipidated proteins from albumin-free liver and heart cytosol obtained from rats sacrificed at the mid-dark or the mid-light phase of the light cycle were assayed for their palmitate-binding capacity. In both tissues a marked variation of this binding capacity was observed from about 3-4 nmol/mg of protein in the mid-light phase of the cycle to about 7-8 nmol/mg of protein in the mid-dark phase. Sephadex G-75 chromatography of the cytosolic proteins revealed that the palmitate binding could in all cases almost entirely be attributed to proteins of Mr = 12,000-14,000, suggesting that the observed diurnal variations are related to differences in the content of fatty acid-binding protein (FABP). In both rat liver and heart FABP represents about 4 (mid-light) to 8% (mid-dark) of the total soluble proteins. Cholestyramine feeding increased the FABP content of liver cytosol from rats sacrificed at the mid-light phase, but not in those sacrificed at the mid-dark phase, in such a way that the diurnal variation of the FABP content virtually disappeared. The palmitate oxidation capacity and citrate synthase activity also exhibited a concomitant diurnal periodicity in rat liver and, to a lesser extent, in rat heart. The results provide additional evidence for an important role of FABP in cellular fatty acid metabolism in both liver and heart and for the similarity of FABP with sterol carrier protein. PMID- 6538568 TI - The role of antireceptor antibodies in stimulating phosphorylation of the insulin receptor. AB - Four polyclonal antisera directed against the insulin receptor were tested for their capability to activate the tyrosine-specific protein kinase associated with the receptor. All four antisera were shown to inhibit insulin binding to the receptor in cultured human lymphoblastoid cells and to stimulate lipogenesis in isolated rat adipocytes. Although two antisera (B-d, B-8) stimulated the activity of the tyrosine kinase of partially purified receptor preparations from rat liver, two other antisera (B-2 and B-10) failed to do so. This failure could not be explained by lack of antibody binding to receptor, by interference with the receptor as a substrate for the kinase, or by blocking of the enzyme's active site. We conclude that these two antireceptor antibodies bind to the receptor but fail to activate the kinase. The simplest interpretation of these observations is that activation of the tyrosine-specific protein kinase might not be an obligatory step in coupling insulin binding to insulin action. However, it is also possible that the mechanism by which polyclonal antireceptor antisera mimic insulin's bioactivity may differ from the mechanism of action of insulin itself. PMID- 6538569 TI - Leiomyomatosis metastasizing to the spine. PMID- 6538570 TI - Tropomyosin-enriched and alpha-actinin-enriched microfilaments isolated from chicken embryo fibroblasts by monoclonal antibodies. AB - Antitropomyosin and anti-alpha-actinin monoclonal antibodies have been used to isolate two classes of microfilaments, i.e., tropomyosin-enriched and alpha actinin-enriched microfilaments, respectively, from cultured chicken embryo fibroblasts. Electron microscopic studies of the isolated tropomyosin-enriched microfilaments showed periodic localization of tropomyosin along the microfilaments, with a 35-nm repeat. On the contrary, the isolated alpha-actinin enriched microfilaments showed no obvious periodicity. Many individual alpha actinin-enriched microfilaments with length greater than 1 micron (ranging from 1 to 10 microns) were aggregated by anti-alpha-actinin monoclonal antibodies. Both of the isolated microfilaments had the ability to activate the Mg2+-ATPase activity of skeletal muscle myosin, although different extents of activation were observed. These two classes of microfilaments also differed in their protein composition. Molar ratios of major identifiable proteins in the isolated microfilaments were alpha-actinin(dimer):actin(monomer):tropomyosin(dimer) = less than 0.02:8.06:1.00 for tropomyosin-enriched microfilaments and 0.44:13.91:1.00 for alpha-actinin-enriched microfilaments. By two-dimensional gel analysis of the isolated microfilaments, we have found seven spots which possess typical tropomyosin properties including pI 4.5, immunological cross-reaction, lack of proline and tryptophan, and heat stability. Pulse-chase experiments suggested that the assembly of microfilament-associated proteins, at least for alpha actinin and tropomyosins, was coordinately regulated by the assembly of actin into microfilaments. PMID- 6538571 TI - Mechanism of concanavalin A-induced anchorage of the major cell surface glycoproteins to the submembrane cytoskeleton in 13762 ascites mammary adenocarcinoma cells. AB - Concanavalin A (Con A)-induced anchorage of the major cell surface sialoglycoprotein component complex (ASGP-1/ASGP-2) was studied in 13762 rat mammary adenocarcinoma sublines with mobile (MAT-B1 subline) and immobile (MAT-C1 subline) cell surface Con A receptors. Treatment of cells, isolated microvilli, or microvillar membranes with Con A resulted in marked retention of ASGP-1 and ASGP-2, a Con A-binding protein, in cytoskeletal residues of both sublines obtained by extraction with Triton X-100 in PBS. When Con A-treated microvillar membranes were extracted with a buffer containing Triton X-100, the sialoglycoprotein complex was found associated in the residues with a transmembrane complex composed of actin, a 58,000-dalton polypeptide, and a cytoskeleton-associated glycoprotein (CAG), also a Con A-binding protein, in MAT C1 membranes, and of actin and CAG in MAT-B1 membranes. Untreated membrane Triton residues retained very little ASGP-1/ASGP-2 complex. Association of the sialoglycomembrane complex and the transmembrane complex was also demonstrated in Con A-treated, but not untreated, microvilli by their comigration on CsCl gradients. Association of both complexes with the cytoskeleton of microvilli was shown by sucrose density gradient centrifugation. A fraction of the polymerized actin comigrated with the transmembrane complex alone in the absence of Con A and with both the transmembrane complex and the sialoglycoprotein complex in the presence of Con A. From these results we propose that anchorage of the sialoglycoprotein complex to the cytoskeleton on Con A treatment occurs by cross linking ASGP-2, the major cell surface Con A-binding component, to CAG of the transmembrane complex, which is natively linked to the cytoskeleton via its actin component. Since Con A-induced anchorage occurs in sublines with mobile and immobile receptors, the anchorage process cannot be responsible for the differences in receptor mobility between the sublines. PMID- 6538574 TI - Quantitative determination of alprostadil (PGE) in bulk drug and pharmaceutical formulations by high-performance liquid chromatography. AB - An adsorption high-performance liquid chromatographic method suitable for the quantitative determination of the purity of alprostadil (prostaglandin E1) bulk drug and of the concentration of alprostadil in Prostin V.R. Pediatric Sterile Solution is described. A variety of isomers and related compounds including 8-iso PGE1, 11-epi-PGE1, 15-epi-PGE1, PGE2, 5,6-trans-PGE2, and 8-iso-PGE2 are separated from alprostadil and are quantifiable. The 2-naphthacyl ester derivatives are employed and derivatization conditions providing maximum response are described. PMID- 6538572 TI - Purification and characterization of oocyte cytoplasmic tubulin and meiotic spindle tubulin of the surf clam Spisula solidissima. AB - Assembly-competent tubulin was purified from the cytoplasm of unfertilized and parthogenetically activated oocytes, and from isolated meiotic spindles of the surf clam, Spisula solidissima. At 22 degrees C or 37 degrees C, Spisula tubulin assembled into 48-51-nm macrotubules during the first cycle of polymerization and 25-nm microtubules during the third and subsequent cycles of assembly. Macrotubules were formed from sheets of 26-27 protofilaments helically arranged at a 36 degree angle relative to the long axis of the polymer and were composed of alpha and beta tubulins and several other proteins ranging in molecular weight from 30,000 to 270,000. Third cycle microtubules contained 14-15 protofilaments in cross-section and were composed of greater than 95% alpha and beta tubulins. After three cycles of polymerization at 37 degrees C, unfertilized and activated oocyte tubulin self-assembled into microtubules at a critical concentration (Ccr) of 0.09 mg/ml. At the physiological temperature of 22 degrees C, unfertilized oocyte tubulin assembled into microtubules at a Ccr of 0.36 mg/ml, activated oocyte tubulin assembled at a Ccr of 0.42 mg/ml, and isolated meiotic spindle tubulin assembled at a Ccr of 0.33 mg/ml. The isoelectric points of tubulin from both unfertilized oocytes and isolated meiotic spindles were 5.8 for alpha tubulin and 5.6 for beta tubulin. In addition, one dimensional peptide maps of oocyte and spindle alpha and beta tubulins were very similar, if not identical. These results indicate that unfertilized oocyte tubulin and tubulin isolated from the first meiotic spindle are indistinguishable on the basis of assembly properties, isoelectric focusing, and one dimensional peptide mapping. These results suggest that the transition of tubulin from the quiescent oocyte state to that competent to form spindle microtubules in vivo does not require special modification of tubulin but may involve changes in the availability of microtubule organizing centers or assembly-promoting microtubule-associated proteins. PMID- 6538573 TI - Studies on the spectrin-like protein from the intestinal brush border, TW 260/240, and characterization of its interaction with the cytoskeleton and actin. AB - The terminal web of the intestinal brush border contains a spectrin-like protein, TW 260/240 (Glenney, J. R., Jr., P. Glenney, M. Osborne, and K. Weber, 1982, Cell, 28:843-854.) that interconnects the "rootlet" ends of microvillar filament bundles in the terminal web (Hirokawa, N., R. E. Cheng, and M. Willard, 1983, Cell, 32:953-965; Glenney J. R., P. Glenney, and K. Weber, 1983, J. Cell Biol., 96:1491-1496). We have investigated further the structural properties of TW 260/240 and the interaction of this protein with actin. Salt extraction of TW 260/240 from isolated brush borders results in a loss of terminal web cross linkers primarily from the apical zone directly beneath the plasma membrane. Morphological studies on purified TW 260/240 using the rotary shadowing technique confirm earlier results that this protein is spectrin-like and is in the tetrameric state in buffers of low ionic strength. However, examination of TW 260/240 tetramers by negative staining revealed a molecule much straighter and more uniform in diameter than rotary-shadowed molecules. At salt concentrations at (150 mM KCl) and above (300 mM KCl) the physiological range, we observed a partial dissociation of tetramers into dimers that occurred at both 0 degree and 37 degrees C. We also observed (in the presence of 75 mM KCl) a concentration dependent self-association of TW 260/240 into sedimentable aggregates. We have studied the interaction of TW 260/240 with actin using techniques of co sedimentation, viscometry, and both light and electron microscopy. We observed that TW 260/240 can bind and cross-link actin filaments and that this interaction is salt- and pH-dependent. Under optimum conditions (25-75 mM KCl, at pH 7.0) TW 260/240 cross-linked F-actin into long, large-diameter bundles. The filaments within these bundles were tightly packed but loosely ordered. At higher pH (7.5) such bundles were not observed, although binding and cross-linking were detectable by co-sedimentation and viscometry. At higher salt (greater than 150 mM KCl), the binding of TW 260/240 to actin was inhibited. The presence of skeletal muscle tropomyosin had no significant effect on the salt-dependent binding of TW 260/240 to F-actin. PMID- 6538575 TI - Quantitative determination of prostaglandins A1 and B1 in alprostadil (PGE1) by high-performance liquid chromatography. AB - An absorption high-performance liquid chromatography assay for the quantitative determination of prostaglandins A1 and B1 in alprostadil (prostaglandin E1) and in Prostin VR Pediatric Sterile Solution was developed. Prostaglandins A1 and B1 have been shown to be the major degradation products of prostaglandin E1. The adsorption system provided baseline resolution of the 2-naphthacyl esters of prostaglandin A1 from prostaglandin B1. Derivatization conditions providing maximal response for prostaglandins A1 and B1 while minimizing the conversion of prostaglandin E1 to prostaglandins A1 and B1 were established. PMID- 6538576 TI - Quantitation of natural triacylglycerols by reversed-phase liquid chromatography with direct liquid inlet mass spectrometry. AB - Using acetonitrile and propionitrile as eluting solvents and reagent gases the yields of both quasi-molecular and fragment ions were found to vary with the molecular weight, degree of unsaturation and positional distribution of the fatty acids in the triacylglycerol molecule, and appropriate calibration factors were necessary for accurate quantitation. In the absence of pure structural isomers and mixed acid standards, preliminary calibration factors have been determined for total ion and specific ion current responses by comparing the peak area ratios obtained by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry with the proportions of the molecular species known to be present in randomized oils and in natural oils of known chemical composition. Although the derived factors include both chromatographic and mass spectrometric effects and are obtained with a gradient of reagent gases, they appear to be generally applicable. It was shown that positional isomers affected the yield of the (MH-RCOOH)+ ions over a 1-3-fold range of intensities, while the nature of the fatty acid affected it over a range of 1.25-fold. After suitable calibration of the relative ion responses it was possible to determine the identities and amounts of the individual molecular species in natural fats and oils. PMID- 6538577 TI - Analysis of Cortinarius toxins by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. PMID- 6538578 TI - High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of a new calcium antagonist, fostedil, in plasma and urine using fluorescence detection. PMID- 6538579 TI - Plasma sex hormone-binding globulin levels decrease during the second decade of life irrespective of pubertal status. AB - The plasma concentrations of sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) and sex steroids determine the nonprotein bound or free steroid fraction, which probably exerts the biological activity of sex steroids. Androgens lower and estrogens raise SHBG levels. The established pubertal fall in SHBG levels occurring in men has been attributed to rising androgen levels. In this study we examined the relationship between plasma SHBG and androgens in four men with untreated isolated gonadotropin deficiency and in two siblings with complete androgen insensitivity. In patients with untreated isolated gonadotropin deficiency there was a highly significant inverse correlation between SHBG levels and age (r = -0.9, P less than 0.001), although testosterone levels did not rise and there was no relationship between SHBG levels and testosterone, androstenedione, or dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate. Two 46 XY siblings, who were phenotypic females, with complete androgen insensitivity had a marked decline in SHBG levels from 28.0 ng/ml at 9 yr to 17.1 ng/ml at 13 yr and from 15.2 ng/ml at 12 yr to 8.1 ng/ml at 16 yr, respectively. These observations indicate that the fall in SHBG levels during the second decade of life occurs irrespective of androgen activity and is under the control of other unidentified influences. PMID- 6538581 TI - Changes throughout estrous cycles of variables that might indicate estrus in dairy cows. AB - Two experiments examined physiological changes throughout estrous cycles of Holstein cows. In experiment one, changes were characterized for physical activity, vaginal pH, vaginal temperature, milk yield, heart rate, and concentration in blood plasma of progesterone and 13,14-dihydro-15-keto prostaglandin F2 alpha. Variables were measured daily in 11 cows through a total of 28 estrous cycles. Cows in estrus at least once postpartum were used. Observations for estrus were at least twice daily. Variables changed significantly with day of estrous cycle. Changes of progesterone, physical activity, and 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-prostaglandin F2 alpha were more marked around estrus than were changes of the other variables. Peaks of physical activity coincided with estrus in 75% of the cases. Experiment two was to determine if increased physical activity, measured with pedometers, coincided with estrus in commercial dairy herds. Cows on 14 farms in New York were fitted with mechanical pedometers, and the pedometers were read at each milking. Readings from 3 days before until 3 days after estrus were used from 55 estrous periods identified by the producers. Physical activity was maximal on day of estrus in 73% of the estrous periods. Increased physical activity of commercial dairy cows agreed well with the producers' diagnoses of estrus. Pedometers could be a valuable component of an estrous detection program. PMID- 6538582 TI - Differences in morning and evening sample milkings and adjustment to daily weights and percents. AB - Dairy Herd Improvement Association sample-day data were analyzed 1) to explain variation of month-to-month differences of single milking yields and fat percents and 2) to develop adjustment factors for estimating daily yield and fat tests from a single milking. Prior to analyses, single sample data were adjusted for month-to-month differences determined from standard two sample data. Guernsey and Holstein data involving 1,632 and 16,784 cows were available in the single sample files. Analyses were separate for Guernseys and Holsteins and for yield and test. Regression equations involving from 13 to 16 independent variables accounted for proportions of variance of the dependent variable ranging from .31 to .48 for the four combinations of breed and trait. Regression equations for adjustment of Dairy Herd Improvement Association single sample data were developed. Each equation included only two independent variables for adjustment purposes. Those equations developed from Holstein data have been implemented by the Pennsylvania Dairy Herd Improvement Association to adjust single sample data for all breeds. PMID- 6538580 TI - Role of volume in the regulation of vasopressin secretion during pregnancy in the rat. AB - We previously observed that osmoregulation and the osmotic threshold for antidiuretic hormone secretion were altered during pregnancy in Sprague-Dawley rats and the present study evaluated the influence of volume on arginine vasopressin (AVP) release during gestation in this species. Basal plasma osmolality (Posm) and intravascular volume were 297 +/- 3 mosmol/kg and 16.2 +/- 1.2 ml in virgin animals compared with 290 +/- 2 mosmol/kg and 20.2 +/- 2.3 ml in 14-d pregnant rats and 287 +/- 3 mosmol/kg and 25.2 +/- 2.3 ml in 21-d (near term) pregnant rats (P less than 0.001, each pregnant group vs. virgin). Isosmotic volume depletion was produced by intraperitoneal polyethylene glycol. Volume decreased from 1 to 26% and blood pressure remained stable during decrements as high as 16%. Plasma AVP (PAVP) did not rise significantly in either group of pregnant animals or virgin controls until blood volume depletion reached 6-7%, after which levels rose in a similar exponential manner in virgin, 14-d, and 21-d pregnant animals. In terms of absolute changes, however, PAVP in gravid rats started to increase when intravascular volume was still considerably greater than basal blood volume in the nonpregnant controls. Other experiments, where Posm was increased by intraperitoneal hypertonic saline, reconfirmed that the osmotic threshold for AVP secretion was reduced congruent to 10 mosmol/kg during pregnancy and that AVP release was stimulated by increments in body tonicity as small as 1-2%. In parallel studies, blood volume contraction and increases in Posm were evoked by intraperitoneal polyethylene glycol dissolved in hypertonic saline and results compared with animals receiving intraperitoneal saline alone. Decrements in volume (congruent to 7%), which alone would increase PAVP minimally, increased the sensitivity of the secretory response to changes in osmolality two- to three-fold, an effect which was similar in virgin and gravid animals. Finally, restricting water intake of pregnant rats to that of virgins on days 16-20 of gestation led to suboptimal volume expansion, hypertonicity, and an exaggerated increase in PAVP. These results demonstrate that despite an intravascular space which at term is nearly twice that of virgin rats, pregnant animals secrete AVP in response to fractional volume depletion in a manner similar to nonpregnant controls; that is, the relationship between total blood volume and AVP secretion is altered during gestation such that the expanded blood volume is recognized as normal. PMID- 6538583 TI - Genetic evaluation of dairy goat bucks for daughter milk and fat. AB - Genetic evaluations were computed for milk and fat for 3,181 Alpine, 1,039 LaMancha, 4,455 Nubian, 1,449 Saanen, and 1,546 Toggenburg bucks. These evaluations were based on 58,562 lactations of 43,913 does that kidded from 1976 through 1982. Best linear unbiased predictions were computed with relationships among multiherd bucks and information from all lactations included. An interaction between herd and sire was included in the model. Evaluations were computed across breed, which allowed does of different breeds to be herdmates. Bucks were grouped by breed and herd usage (single herd versus multiherd). Correlations between evaluations computed with and without relationships were only .84 to .88, which indicates that relationships had a significant effect. Evaluations of 2,491 bucks with Repeatability 15% or more were released to the industry. PMID- 6538584 TI - Prostaglandin E1 coronary venous retroperfusion in acute myocardial ischemia: effects on regional left ventricular function and infarct size. AB - Prostaglandin E1 was administered by means of coronary venous synchronized retroperfusion and the effectiveness of the combined (prostaglandin retroperfusion) system was examined during acute myocardial ischemia in 10 closed chest anesthetized dogs. Such treatment was administered between 30 minutes and 3 hours after occlusion of the proximal left anterior descending coronary artery. An equivalent series of 10 dogs with arterial blood retroperfusion alone and 9 untreated dogs served as control subjects. Standardized two-dimensional echocardiographic measurements of global and regional left ventricular function were performed in five short-axis cross sections. The global low left ventricular section and its profoundly ischemic anterolateral region exhibited distinctly improved systolic fractional area changes as a result of the prostaglandin E1 retroperfusion treatment between 30 minutes and 3 hours after occlusion (22.9 +/- 1.5 to 41.2 +/- 4.0% and 1.8 +/- 3.6 to 29.4 +/- 5.6%, respectively). In contrast, further deterioration in function was noted during an untreated equivalent coronary occlusion period (16.3 +/- 2.7 to 10.0 +/- 3.3% and 12.6 +/- 6.1 to 4.1 +/- 6.9%). Although arterial blood retroperfusion alone provided distinct benefits in the ischemic region of a midpapillary echo section (from 13.4 +/- 3.9 to 32.1 +/- 10.4%, p less than 0.05), no improvements were observed in profoundly jeopardized segments at the low left ventricular level (5.6 +/- 6.0 to 0.9 +/- 5.7%). Triphenyltetrazolium chloride delineation of infarction revealed significant myocardial salvage with prostaglandin E1 retroperfusion as compared with findings in untreated control dogs (3.7% +/- 1.3% of the left ventricle versus 9.3 +/- 1.9%, p less than 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6538585 TI - Septal myomectomy and mitral valve replacement for idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis: short- and long-term follow-up. AB - The long-term results of septal myotomy-myomectomy or mitral valve replacement, or both, were assessed in 36 patients with idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis who were followed up for 5 to 67 months (mean 48) postoperatively. The mean left ventricular outflow tract gradient at rest decreased postoperatively in all three patient groups. It decreased from 60 mm Hg (range 17 to 160) preoperatively to 3 mm Hg (range 0 to 20) postoperatively (p less than 0.001) in the 13 patients who underwent mitral valve replacement alone, from 69 mm Hg (range 18 to 140) to 35 mm Hg (range 20 to 50) (p less than 0.05) in the 12 patients who underwent myotomy-myomectomy alone and from 89 mm Hg (range 60 to 165) to 3.8 mm Hg (range 0 to 27) (p less than 0.001) in the 11 patients who underwent myomectomy plus mitral valve replacement. The reduction in gradient was more impressive after mitral valve replacement with or without septal myotomy myomectomy than after septal myotomy-myomectomy alone. There was a marked reduction in symptoms after all three surgical procedures that was long-lasting and independent of the type of operation performed. There was no operative mortality. Postoperative annual mortality rate was 1.6%. Patients with severe congestive heart failure, significantly elevated left ventricular end-diastolic pressure and atrial fibrillation have a less favorable long-term postoperative prognosis. Septal myotomy-myomectomy is recommended as the procedure of choice for the majority of patients with idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis who require surgery, because it can alleviate symptoms without subjecting patients to the complications of a valve prosthesis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6538586 TI - Autosomal dominant congenital nuclear cataracts in strain 13/N guinea pigs. AB - Bilateral cataracts observed in the eyes of a 13/N guinea pig and one of her two offspring led to studies to determine the nature of this cataract and its possible heritability. The cataract was determined to be of the nuclear type, was congenital, and apparently transmitted by a single autosomal dominant gene. The cataractous condition of the mother had no effect on the percentage of litters containing stillborns. The cataractous condition of the offspring had no effect on their viability in utero, i.e., there was no greater incidence of stillborns among cataractous than among non-cataractous offspring. The birthweights of the cataractous animals were lower, but not significantly, than those of their non cataractous littermates; however, the survivability to weaning of the cataractous offspring was reduced significantly when compared to their non-cataractous siblings. PMID- 6538587 TI - Augmentation of Chinese hamster lymphocyte stimulation by cysteine. AB - Addition of 2-mercaptoethanol (2-ME) in a final concentration of 40 microM to Chinese hamster lymphocyte cultures results in a remarkable increase in lymphocyte proliferation. The same marked increase in lymphocyte proliferation is obtained when cysteine in a final concentration of about 4 mM is added to the cultures. Optimum lymphocyte proliferation after addition of 2-ME and different amounts of cysteine occurs on different days. The optimum time of culture depends on cysteine concentration. With higher amounts of cysteine longer culture times are needed for optimal stimulation. PMID- 6538588 TI - Improved fusion technique. II. Stability and purity of hybrid clones. AB - Optimal conditions are defined for hybridoma formation between mouse spleen cells and mouse myeloma cells. The results of using different numbers of spleen cells in the fusion process is reported in 2 parts. Part I deals with the number of spleen cells in relation to hybridoma formation and antibody production. Part II treats of the purity of hybridoma clones and the loss of antibody production following fusion. Part I. Two series of experiments show that when cell fusion is performed properly the total number of antibody producing clones is greater than in non-standard conditions. The yield of hybridomas obtained with a ratio of mouse myeloma to mouse spleen cells of 1:10 did not differ from that reported by De Blas et al. (1981). The number of hybridomas formed seems to depend mainly on the number of mouse spleen cells available. The most satisfactory yield of monoclonal antibodies is obtained under conditions producing growth in approximately 100% of the wells. Part II. Two weeks after fusion a number of antibody producing clones were cultured in limiting dilution. Analysis of the hybridomas indicated that at least 40% of the antibody producing clones disappear during the first 3 weeks. Antibody producing hybridomas were as a rule not outgrown by non-antibody producing clones. PMID- 6538589 TI - In vivo metabolism of topically applied benzo[a]pyrene-4,5-oxide in neonatal rat skin. AB - The metabolism of benzo[a]pyrene (BP)-4,5-oxide in the skin and liver of neonatal rats was studied after topical application of the arene oxide in vivo. The metabolism of BP-4,5-oxide was time-dependent and showed a 2-h maximum for BP-4,5 dihydrodiol formation in both skin and liver. Product formation was also dose dependent. Inhibitors of epoxide hydrolase such as clotrimazole, 1,1,1, trichloropropene oxide, and cyclohexene oxide largely abolished the formation of BP-4,5-dihydrodiol. The rapid biotransformation of arene oxides such as BP-4,5 oxide in the skin emphasizes the potential importance of epoxide hydrolase in the activation and inactivation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Furthermore, the topically applied arene oxide also penetrated the skin and was rapidly metabolized in the liver as well. PMID- 6538590 TI - Involvement of prolactin in the onset of puberty in female rats. AB - Pimozide (1 mg/kg per day), bromocriptine (1 mg/kg per day) or domperidone (0.1 mg/kg per day) administered daily to rats from day 21 did not change the age at which vaginal opening occurred, nor did they affect the body weight at that age. Therefore the evolution of prolactin levels was different in these three groups. The pimozide-treated group showed high prolactin levels measured on day 23, at vaginal opening and at first oestrus. In the bromocriptine-treated group, levels were undetectable on the day of vaginal opening. Chronic treatment with domperidone failed to increase prolactin levels on day 23 and at vaginal opening. Nevertheless, large increases were observed after a single injection of domperidone at both 21 and 30 days of age. A significant increase in LH observed on day 23 in the pimozide-treated group was the only effect on gonadotrophin levels which was detected. Ovarian weights were unaffected by the treatments, whereas adrenal weight was increased in the bromocriptine-treated group and decreased in the pimozide- and domperidone-treated groups. Female rats grafted on day 21 with one additional pituitary gland from adult (90 days) or young (21 days) donors showed a similar advancement in the time of vaginal opening, although the animals bearing an adult pituitary gland showed higher prolactin levels than those observed in animals grafted with young pituitary glands. This study suggested that the onset of puberty is not closely linked with the evolution of prolactin levels and that the hormone itself is not indispensible for the process. PMID- 6538591 TI - Neurofibrillary axonal swellings and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. AB - A series of 22 cases of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and 22 controls have been assessed for the presence of neurofilamentous accumulations in axons and perikarya. Large axonal swellings were seen in the spinal cord of 12 controls and of 13 ALS cases. When they were present in ALS cases they tended to be much more numerous than in controls, and when they were not present in ALS cases there tended to be severe neuronal loss in the cord. Axonal swelling on lower motor neurons appears to be a significant feature of the pathology of ALS. Its implications in terms of etiology are unknown. PMID- 6538592 TI - Doxorubicin intoxication: neurofilamentous axonal changes with subacute neuronal death. AB - Neurofilamentous axonal swellings occur in various chronic neuronal degenerations in man and animals. The pathogenesis of these swellings in the setting of neuronal degeneration remains unclear. A toxic model of neuronal degeneration can be produced by doxorubicin. This agent impairs DNA-dependent RNA synthesis and produces subacute neuronal death. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether neurofilamentous axonal swellings occur in association with neuronal nuclear derangement and subacute neuronal death produced by doxorubicin. We investigated the evolution of changes seen in retinal ganglion cells and their axons after an intravitreous injection of doxorubicin in rats. The earliest changes were in the nuclei of the retinal ganglion cells. Later, transient axonal swellings filled with neurofilaments were prominent. These neurofilamentous swellings preceded the subacute neuronal cell death. To determine whether these changes represent a direct effect of the agent on the axon, we injected doxorubicin directly into the sciatic nerve. This local injection did not produce similar changes in the axons. These results suggest that in this model neurofilamentous axonal swellings precede neuronal cell death and may be due to a primary insult to the nerve cell body. PMID- 6538593 TI - Effective control of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting with oral prednisone and metoclopramide. AB - Repeated oral doses of metoclopramide (50 mg) and prednisone (25 mg) completely prevented nausea and vomiting (N + V) in approximately 50% and substantially reduced N + V in an additional 27%-36% of 56 chemotherapy courses in 30 consecutive cancer patients who were receiving primarily cisplatin. Toxicity from this antiemetic regimen was minor. Simple oral N + V-prevention with metoclopramide and prednisone is as effective but less cumbersome and considerably less expensive than either high doses of intravenous corticosteroids and/or intravenous metoclopramide. PMID- 6538594 TI - Effect of parenteral medications on tcPO2/PaO2 ratios. AB - We studied the effect of parenteral infusions on transcutaneous arterial oxygen tension ratios in 31 newborn rabbits. Tolazoline and prostaglandin E1 produced a significant fall in skin PO2 values (P less than 0.01). Antibiotics, bicarbonate, diazepam, and dopamine infusions produced no change in PO2 ratios. PMID- 6538595 TI - Gammaglobulin therapy for neonatal ITP. PMID- 6538596 TI - Methodologies in human lactation: report of a workshop. PMID- 6538597 TI - Measurement of milk yield in women. AB - The measurement of milk yield in any suckling mammal is difficult, and studies on women pose additional restrictions because of the limitations on the nature of the techniques which can be used. The most commonly used method for determining milk yield in women is test weighing. In this method either the infant or the mother is weighed before and after a breast feed, and the difference between the two weights is considered to be the amount of milk produced. The reliability of the results obtained by the test weighing procedure depends on both the interval over which milk yield is recorded and the pattern of breast-feeding adopted by the mother. Other methods including isotope dilution, infant growth, and milk expression have been used to determine milk yield in women. Estimations of the yield of breast milk are usually made either to determine the nutrient intake of the infant or to investigate the synthetic capacity of the lactating breast. These goals require the estimation of both milk yield and milk composition. Although it is difficult to obtain a reliable measure of the average fat content of milk consumed by an infant, estimates can be obtained by the use of either a nipple-shield sampling system or a predictive equation based on the concentration of fat in fore- and hindmilk. PMID- 6538598 TI - Handling and storage of human milk specimens for research. PMID- 6538599 TI - Mechanisms of specific change by estradiol in sensitivity of rat uterus to serotonin. AB - The sensitivity (contractile response) to serotonin (5-HT) of the isolated rat uterus was increased either during estrus or by administration of estradiol to ovariectomized rats. These increases in sensitivity to 5-HT were specific, because the sensitivities to acetylcholine and oxytocin were not influenced in either case. Pargyline (10(-5) M), an inhibitor of monoamine oxidase, did not affect the contractile responses to 5-HT, acetylcholine and oxytocin of uterus from ovariectomized rats. The monoamine oxidase activities in 100,000 X g precipitates and supernatants of homogenates for uteri from ovariectomized rats were either increased or unchanged by administration of estradiol. The contractile response to 5-HT of the uterus of untreated ovariectomized rats was not affected by chlorimipramine at 10(-6) M, a concentration that inhibits 5-HT uptake. Administration of estradiol increased significantly the number of [3H]spiroperidol binding sites (5-HT receptors) from 0.56 +/- 0.04 to 1.23 +/- 0.11 pmol/mg of protein, but did not change the apparent affinity of 5-HT receptors. Administration of estradiol did not change the dissociation constant or number of binding sites for [3H]quinuclidinyl benzilate (muscarinic acetylcholine receptors) significantly. These results indicate that the specific increase in sensitivity to 5-HT on administration of estradiol is due to change in the number of 5-HT receptors, but not to change in 5-HT uptake or in metabolic degradation of 5-HT. PMID- 6538600 TI - Synthesis and antitumor activity of cis-dichloroplatinum (II)-N-aminated nucleoside complexes. AB - N-Aminated nucleoside complexes of cis-dichloroplatinum(II) were synthesized, and their antitumor activities against L1210 cells in mice and in vitro were studied. While the native nucleosides failed to show any antitumor activity, the complexes exhibited high antitumor activity and had no nephrotoxicity in mice. Studies on their mode of action in vitro indicated that the ligands played characteristic roles in the appearance of antitumor activity; ribonucleoside complexes caused the inhibition of RNA synthesis, and deoxyribo- or arabinonucleoside complexes caused the inhibition of DNA synthesis. PMID- 6538601 TI - An autoradiographic method for determining nutrient competition between leaf epiphytes and plant pathogens. AB - A method is described for the study of nutrient competition between leaf surface microorganisms and plant pathogenic fungi. Autoradiography was used to investigate the uptake of water-soluble 14C-labelled nutrients by applying a dry pre-formed layer of emulsion to the specimen. The method was adapted for use on both leaf and artificial surfaces. A photometric method was used for rapid examination of autoradiographs. PMID- 6538602 TI - Effect of religiosity on sex attitudes, experience and contraception among university students. AB - This study deals with the effect of the degree of religiosity on attitudes toward and experience with sex and contraception among university students. Students defined their religious beliefs on the poles from orthodox religion to opposed-to religion. Data were gathered by an anonymous questionnaire on sexual activity, attitudes toward sex, unwanted pregnancy and contraception. Orthodox and observant students left questions on sex unanswered. Female students were sexually active and used contraception in inverse relationship to their degree of religiosity. There was no parallel finding for males. The more religious the student the less sex was considered contributory to the relationship and the acceptance of abortion declined, but even among religious female students 48% chose abortions as a solution to an unwanted pregnancy. PMID- 6538603 TI - Transitional cell carcinoma of the prostate: response to treatment with cisplatinum and cyclophosphamide. AB - We observed a remarkable clinical response to cisplatinum and cyclophosphamide in a patient with widespread metastatic transitional cell cancer of the prostate after hormonal therapy proved ineffective. Combination chemotherapy has the potential for an impressive response in these patients. PMID- 6538604 TI - Re: Acute urinary retention in female patients: diagnosis and treatment. PMID- 6538605 TI - Acyclovir therapy for genital herpes: enthusiasm and caution in equal doses. PMID- 6538606 TI - [Findings in retinal surgery of pseudophakic eyes]. AB - The author reports on experience gathered in retinal detachment surgery in 7 of his own cases with intraocular lens implants. The paper deals with pre-operative diagnosis, intraoperative management and xenon or argon laser coagulation. It is pointed out that the image quality of the intraocular lens implants needs to be improved for successful diagnosis at the periphery of the fundus. After 7 episcleral buckling procedures (Custodi's technique) and 2 encircling procedures (Schepens) reattachment was accomplished in all 7 cases. The detachment surgery in these cases was more difficult than in eyes without intraocular lens implants, not least as a result of the poor image quality of the artificial lenses. PMID- 6538607 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of thrombopenic purpura]. PMID- 6538608 TI - Sex differences in development of fetal rat lung. II. Quantitative morphology of epithelial-mesenchymal interactions. AB - Mesenchymal factors are important in organ growth and differentiation and may affect epithelial function in the developing lung. In the present study, the role of epithelial-mesenchymal interactions in rat lung development is investigated by serial quantitative analysis of pulmonary ultrastructure. Because of sex-related differences in fetal pulmonary maturity, the formation of intercellular contacts is compared in male and female littermates grouped according to sex from day 17 to 22 of gestation. It was found that, as full term approached, continuity of the basement membrane under cuboidal epithelial cells decreased, the number of foot processes on these cells increased, and the percentage of processes that penetrated the basement membrane also increased. These changes occurred more rapidly in female animals. Intercellular contacts between epithelial and interstitial cells became more frequent with time and were observed more often in females at days 19 and 20. The incidence of cuboidal epithelial cells containing lamellar bodies was greater in females at day 20. No sex-related differences were found at day 22 in any parameter studied. The results demonstrate a correlation between the increasing frequency of epithelial-mesenchymal cell contacts and the onset of epithelial differentiation. Since these events occur earlier in females, it is postulated that androgen levels are important in regulating epithelial growth and differentiation in the developing lung. PMID- 6538609 TI - A magnet system for urethral closure in females. AB - The magnetic/urethral-closure system consists of a retropubically implanted magnet, fixed to the inner rim of the symphysis pubica, and an intravaginal magnet which, by their mutual attraction, close the urethra. Magnetic force/distance characteristics of rare earth/cobalt magnets used for this purpose have been investigated with distances similar to those to be expected with the system in situ. Experiments on excised sheep urethra and bladder have shown proper function of the closure system up to a urethral pressure of more than 120 cm H2O. The system has also been tested in vivo in 16 Merino sheep. PMID- 6538610 TI - Syntactic pattern recognition of fetal stress. AB - At present, units designed to diagnose the state of the foetus during labour base their decisions on relatively short segments of the monitored foetal heart rate and uterine pressure signals. This article describes a new method which takes a sequence of such local diagnoses of individual contractions, extracts the most relevant pathological features and predicts the neuro-physiological performance of the child at birth. PMID- 6538611 TI - Non-steroidal antioestrogens--receptor binding and biological response in rat uterus, rat mammary carcinoma and human breast cancer cells. AB - The non-steroidal antioestrogens tamoxifen, 4-hydroxytamoxifen, trioxifene, LY 117018 and LY 139481 have widely divergent affinities for oestrogen receptors from rat mammary tumours. The latter two compounds have much reduced partial agonist activity in rat uterus, compared to tamoxifen, but were less effective antitumour agents than tamoxifen. No direct correlation was established between receptor affinity and biological response in rat uterus or rat mammary carcinoma. However, in in vitro studies of growth inhibition of human breast cancer cells (MCF7), the order of potency was the same as the order of relative binding affinity. Differences in in vivo activity of these antioestrogens may be related to biological "half-life" which is dependent on the dose, route of administration and metabolic stability of the antioestrogens. Growth inhibition in MCF 7 cells did not correlate with affinity for tamoxifen-specific binding sites, nor was there any evidence for differences between antioestrogens in their mechanism of action on the rat uterus. It is concluded that the primary effects of antioestrogens are mediated by binding to oestrogen receptors. PMID- 6538612 TI - Genetic analysis of dexamethasone resistance in L cells by somatic cell hybridization. AB - Stable dexamethasone resistant and receptor-containing (R+) variants of L cells have been characterized by somatic cell hybridization. Neither of the variants had a clearly dominant phenotype in hybrids with dexamethasone-sensitive fibroblast lines, i.e. the resistance of the variants was not due to transdominant factors. Somatic cell hybrids formed between one of the R+ resistant clones and an independent resistant fibroblast cell line showed complementation--the hybrid clones were as sensitive to the steroid as the sensitive parental lines. Complementation, however, disappeared after continued culture of the clones. The return of the dexamethasone-sensitive phenotype was not always linked with similar changes in the responsiveness to another steroid, e.g. progesterone. Our clones can be considered to be resistant variants, designated death-less (d-), where the cells are defective in a non-receptor component involved in the hormone response. The fact that complementation can occur indicates the existence of at least two such steps in the pathway. PMID- 6538613 TI - Monoclonal antibody to the hen oviduct progesterone receptor produced following in vitro immunization. AB - The progesterone receptor of the hen oviduct is composed of two non-identical hormone-binding polypeptide subunits, A (Mr = 79,000) and B (Mr = 108,000). We used a highly purified preparation of B to immunize mouse spleen cells in vitro. After 5 days in culture, the cells were fused with SP2/0-Ag 14 myeloma cells. The resultant hybridomas were screened using an enzyme linked immunosorbent solid phase assay, and those hybridomas producing antibodies binding to the immunogen were cloned by limiting dilution. One such clone, 9B3-12, secreted an antibody of immunoglobulin class IgM, which binds to B. This was indicated by the ability of the antibody to increase the rate of sedimentation coefficient of the B subunit. Further, when the proteins in the B preparation were separated by electrophoresis and blotted onto nitrocellulose filters the antibody bound to a protein of 108,000 daltons. The antibody produced by 9B3-12 also reacted with subunit A and with the human progesterone receptor but failed to bind to the chick liver glucocorticoid receptor or to progesterone in the absence of its receptor. PMID- 6538614 TI - Sucrose density gradient centrifugation of human myometrial and myomal progestin receptors. AB - Progestin receptors present in cytosols of myomal and myometrial origin were analyzed on sucrose density gradients of low ionic strength using a vertical tube rotor. Short term incubations (90 min) contained mainly 8S receptors. Most myometrial but few myomal preparations contained an additional 4S component, the presence of which was hormone dependent. None could be detected if the serum concentration of estradiol was high. Myometrial receptors incubated over night exhibited only a 4S peak, whereas many myomal ones still sedimented as 8S peaks. The 8 to 4S shift represented a transformation of the receptors and not a sequential interaction of the hormone with first an 8S and then a 4S entity. The transforming activity contained in the myometrial cytosol could also attack the myomal receptor as shown by mixing experiments. Only the 8S peak was observed, whenever the cytosol was first fractionated and then incubated with the hormone. Thus the transformation occurred only in presence of [3H]promegestone. It could be suppressed with protease inhibitors. It is concluded that these tissues contain a receptor processing protease which (1) is much less prominent in myomal than myometrial cytosol, which (2) attacks only the occupied receptors, and (3) the activity of which is hormone dependent. PMID- 6538615 TI - The effect of progesterone administration on sex hormone binding globulin binding capacity in women with severe premenstrual syndrome. AB - Thirty-one women with severe premenstrual syndrome had low sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) binding capacities 30.2 +/- 9.4 nmol DHT bound/l. The SHBG binding capacities rose when they were treated with three different doses of progesterone. On 400 mg (17 women) SHBG level was 45.11 +/- 11.80. On 800 mg (8 women) SHBG binding capacity rose to 64.75 +/- 14.30 and on the six women who took 1200 mg progesterone daily SHBG binding capacity was 78.5 +/- 23.10. These results are discussed. PMID- 6538616 TI - Progesterone secretion by luteinized unruptured follicles in mature female rats. AB - The ability of luteinized unruptured follicles (LUF) to display luteal activity was investigated in mature female rats. Previous findings in our laboratory showed that increasing doses of LH, when injected on late diestrus in 4-day cyclic rats, were capable of inducing the formation of either LUF or postovulatory corpora lutea (POCL) in a dose dependent manner. Four-day cyclers were injected on diestrus 2 at 4.30 p.m. (day 0) with 2.7 micrograms or 5.4 micrograms/100 g of an ovine LH preparation (x 2.94 NIH LH S3) and were killed at different times during the three successive days following injection. Natural 4 day cyclers were killed at corresponding times following spontaneous LH release on proestrus afternoon (day 0). Both LUF and POCL were observed in LH-treated females. LUF appeared more numerous in females given 2.7 micrograms LH than in both natural cyclers and in females injected with 5.4 micrograms LH. On day 1 during the rising phase of luteal activity serum progesterone (P) level did not differ in the three groups despite the high number of LUF in females given 2.7 micrograms LH. On day 2 at 11 a.m. lower P values were observed in both groups of LH-treated females than in natural cyclers, this corresponding to a greater proportion of LUF in the former than in the latter. On day 2, at 5 p.m. by the time of full activity of POCL in natural cyclers, P did not differ in the three groups irrespective of the relative number of ruptured or unruptured follicles. On day 3, P sharply declined in LH-treated and natural cyclers. These results suggest that LUF are capable of secreting P during a period corresponding to the duration of corpus luteum's life span in cyclic female rats. PMID- 6538617 TI - Diet and serum sex hormones in healthy men. AB - The possible effect of dietary fat content and the ratio of polyunsaturated to saturated fatty acids (P/S-ratio) on serum sex hormones was studied in 30 healthy male volunteers. The customary diet of the subjects, which supplied 40% of energy as fat (mainly from animal sources, P/S-ratio 0.15) was replaced for a 6 weeks period by a practically isocaloric experimental diet containing significantly less fat (25% of energy) with a higher P/S-ratio (1.22) and other environmental factors were stabilized. Serum testosterone and 4-androstenedione decreased from 22.7 +/- 1.1 nmol/l to 19.3 +/- 1.2 nmol/l, (SEM, P less than 0.001) and from 4.6 +/- 0.2 nmol/l to 4.3 +/- 0.2 nmol/l (SEM, P less than 0.01), respectively. These changes were paralleled by a reduction in serum free (non-protein bound) testosterone (P less than 0.01) suggesting a possible change in biological activity. During the low fat period a significant negative correlation between serum prolactin and androgens was observed. All the changes in androgen levels were reversible. With the exception of a small but non-significant decrease in serum estradiol-17 beta, the other hormone parameters were practically unaffected by the dietary manipulation. Our results indicate that in men a decrease in dietary fat content and an increase in the degree of unsaturation of fatty acids reduces the serum concentrations of androstenedione, testosterone and free testosterone. The mechanism and importance of this phenomenon is discussed in the light of epidemiological and experimental data. PMID- 6538618 TI - Plasma testosterone transport in primates. AB - All primate species, including Old and New World primates and prosimians have a plasma testosterone-estradiol binding globulin (TeBG), which is a glycoprotein and has a similar mobility in polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. In New World primates the TeBG binding capacity for [3H]testosterone was higher and its affinity lower than in Old World primates. These changes were associated with high unbound plasma testosterone concentrations in these species. Binding parameters of TeBG in prosimian species varied markedly. Thus, in primate evolution TeBG was conserved despite marked differences in binding characteristics. In New World primates changes are associated with high total and unbound testosterone, a finding concordant with alterations of other steroid hormones concentration in these species with "generalized steroid hormone resistance". PMID- 6538619 TI - Interaction of androgen receptors with chromatin and DNA. AB - Controlled digestion of rat ventral prostate nuclei by careful adjustment of conditions of temperature, divalent cation concentration, ionic strength and micrococcal nuclease:DNA ratios yielded oligonucleosome fractions corresponding to less than 10% of the total genome which contain the majority of RNA polymerase B activity and androgen-receptor complexes of the nucleus. These parameters were affected acutely by androgen withdrawal and administration: furthermore, such manipulations affected the susceptibility to micrococcal nuclease release of prostate binding protein gene sequences. This transcriptionally-active androgen influenced fraction was considered ideal for studies of interaction of chromatin components with androgen receptor protein. Androgen receptor was purified approximately 20 000-fold from rat prostate cytosol. The purified protein retained its ability to stimulate RNA polymerase B activity in prostate nuclei and chromatin fractions, and its properties of binding to chromatin and to DNA. However, although purified receptor protein showed tissue-specific binding to prostate chromatin and enhanced binding to fractions released by low nuclease digestion, no such specificity was indicated by binding to total DNA, DNA from specific fractions or cloned prostatic binding protein cDNA. PMID- 6538620 TI - Organization and expression of prostatic steroid binding protein genes. AB - The function of regulatory regions of DNA, which flank the genes for prostatic steroid binding protein, is being analysed by introducing the cloned genes into heterologous cells. Two non-allelic genes for the C3 polypeptide, C3(1) and C3(2) have been transfected into androgen-responsive S115 cells using SV2-gpt vectors. The genes have been introduced either intact or as so-called fusion genes consisting of putative C3 promoters plus human beta-interferon cDNA. Both genes for C3 were accurately transcribed and their expression was stimulated 5-10-fold with 10(-8) M testosterone. Thus we should be able to define at least one region of DNA which confers androgen sensitivity to the genes. Although both genes were expressed similarly in S115 cells only C3(1) is responsible for C3 in vivo and C3(2) is transcribed poorly, if at all. The most likely explanation for the difference is that in vivo the C3(2) gene remains hypermethylated whereas the DNA which was introduced into S115 cells was unmethylated. This result supports the notion that the state of DNA methylation is important for controlling the transcription of genes. PMID- 6538621 TI - Diurnal variations in estradiol binding site concentrations in the hypothalamus, pituitary and uterus of prepuberal rats. AB - Available cytosolic estradiol binding sites (EBS) were estimated at 6 h intervals over a 24 h period in individual extracts of uteri, pituitaries and hypothalami from intact, ovariectomized or hypophysectomized 28-day old rats, maintained from birth in a 12 h light-12 h dark photoperiod. Plasma estrogen levels were also recorded, in intact rats, they displayed a 20% rise during daytime. In the uterus and pituitary of ovariectomized rats EBS concentrations exceeded by one third those of intact controls. In intact animals, significant diurnal variations in EBS were observed in both these tissues, with increased daytime levels. These variations appeared to depend on the amount of estrogen in the plasma, as they were not observed in spayed rats. No diurnal variations in EBS were apparent in the hypothalamus of intact animals, but they did occur in ovariectomized rats, and even more significantly in hypophysectomized rats, although the latter had lower EBS concentrations than spayed animals. These variations were presumed to result from the interference of pituitary-controlled hormones other than estrogens in the regulation of EBS levels. PMID- 6538622 TI - Does corpus luteum function autonomously during estrous cycle in the rat? A possible involvement of LH and prolactin. AB - This study examined the of LH and prolactin in the control of corpus luteum function during 4-day cycles in the rat. Bromocriptine (BRC) treatment was performed on proestrus or/and estrus morning that means before or after the preovulatory release of LH. This caused complete blood prolactin depression from the time of injection until diestrus 1 afternoon. This decrease in blood prolactin concentration was associated with a rise in the tonic level of LH secretion in those females which received BRC as soon as on proestrus. We first observed that injection on the morning of proestrus of doses of BRC capable of blunting prolactin secretion on proestrus afternoon did not significantly impair the preovulatory release of LH and did not prevent ovulation occurring during the following night. The life span of the corpora lutea edified from ovarian follicles rupturing before or under BRC administration did not exceed that of those formed under physiological circumstances since 4-day cycles culminating in ovulation constantly took place in all the treated animals whatever the time of BRC injection. To determine the pattern of luteal activity in the absence of prolactin secretion, we measured blood progesterone concentration from estrus until late diestrus in female rats injected with BRC on proestrus and/or estrus at 1100 h. The initiation of the function of corpus luteum on estrus and the achievement of its full activity on diestrus 1 did not appear to be affected by BRC. By contrast the level of blood progesterone declined more rapidly on the morning of diestrus 2 in BRC-treated than in control females. The capacity for autonomous progesterone secretion by corpus luteum of the cycle was discussed in the light of previous and present observations. PMID- 6538623 TI - Characterization of 7-8S progestin binding protein in human prostate using vertical tube rotor. AB - The specific binding of the synthetic progestin, 17 alpha-methyl[3H]promegestone (R5020), to the cytosol of human benign hyperplastic prostate has been studied in sucrose density gradients using a vertical tube rotor. The cytosol of human prostate was shown to contain substantial amounts of a 7-8S macromolecule with a high affinity (Kd = 0.5-1 nM) for R5020 which is saturated at low concentrations (10 nM). The conventional technique of sucrose density gradient analysis in a swinging bucket rotor was not suitable for reproducible optimal analysis of a 7 8S high affinity complex. The use of the salt, Na2MoO4, had a stabilizing effect on the complex. Comparison of saturation analysis assays using dextran charcoal assay and vertical tube rotor assay showed that the charcoal assay can give an over-estimation of the 7-8S saturable binding. Progestational steroids competed with R5020 for binding to 7-8S, whereas androgenic steroids, with the exception of 19-nor-testosterone, did not compete. Incubation of cytosol at elevated temperatures in the presence of DNA-cellulose resulted in the binding of the hormone-protein complex to DNA-cellulose. High ionic strength buffer was required to extract the complex which sedimented at 4.5S in sucrose gradients prepared in 0.4 M KCl. Based on the data presented, progestin binding in human prostate is clearly similar in physical chemical properties to progesterone receptors in "classical" target tissues. However, rapid sucrose gradient analysis with a vertical tube rotor is preferred over conventional techniques to evaluate progestin receptor binding in human prostate. PMID- 6538624 TI - Effects of excess dietary cholesterol on adrenal cholesterol accumulation and steroidogenesis. AB - Rats maintained on diets containing 3% cholesterol for 10 weeks show marked increase in adrenal cholesterol content. The greatest part of the increase is in the cholesterol ester fraction (329%), although free cholesterol is also elevated (140%). Morphologically, a marked increase in the lipid droplet content of the cells is observed. The microsomal fraction was enriched in cholesterol with parallel increases in microsomal ACAT activity in both normal and supplemented groups. Neutral cytosolic cholesterol esterase is unaffected by the diet. No significant increase in cholesterol occurred in the mitochondrial fraction. However, cholesterol binding to cytochrome P450 was affected by the diet under certain conditions. Cholesterol supplementation elevates adrenal corticosteroid levels (43%). Mild stress results in greater increases in adrenal corticosteroids after dietary supplementation. Aminoglutethimide produces inhibition of the stress induced increase in adrenal corticosteroids. This inhibition is less pronounced in cholesterol supplemented animals than in normal animals. The lack of similar effects on plasma corticosteroid levels suggests that enhanced metabolism and clearance of the plasma corticosteroids may be taking place. PMID- 6538625 TI - The role of cytoskeletal integrity in cellular transformation. AB - The cytoskeleton appears to function as a linkage between the nuclear and the plasma membranes, permitting environmental stimuli acting at the cell membrane to be transmitted to the nucleus for initiation of an appropriate response. This interplay can account for cases of temporary phenotypic reversions in transformed cell lines, where a deficient cytoskeleton prevents the cell membrane and nucleus from acting in a coordinated manner. Implications for the clinical aspects of cancer therapy are briefly discussed. PMID- 6538626 TI - The shape of birds' eggs. PMID- 6538627 TI - [Babesiosis]. PMID- 6538628 TI - Effects of naltrexone on plasma corticosterone in opiate-naive rats: a central action. AB - We have previously reported the elevation of plasma corticosterone by i.v. naloxone HCl (NX). This work has been extended, with the current study, showing a similar effect with naltrexone HCl (NTX) and that this effect is due to a central action of the drug. Using opiate-naive male rats with chronic i.v. catheters, stereotaxically placed intracerebroventricular (ICV) cannula guides where necessary, and sound-attenuated one-way vision boxes, serial blood samples were obtained from conscious unrestrained animals. NTX (5.0, 10.0, or 20.0 mg/kg i.v.) resulted in a significant increase in plasma corticosterone 15 min following injection. I.V. administration of the methylbromide salts of each drug, which do not cross the blood-brain barrier, did not produce this same elevation in hormone level at several doses (0.4, 1.0, 2.0, 10.0 or 20.0 mg/kg). In contrast, ICV injection of either of the quaternary salts (50 micrograms/10 microliter/animal) resulted in an immediate and sustained rise in plasma corticosterone. Results obtained demonstrate that NTX has a similar effect on plasma corticosterone as NX at the appropriate doses and that the effect is a central rather than a peripheral one. PMID- 6538630 TI - Group counseling in prison. PMID- 6538629 TI - Neuroleptic-induced dopamine hyposensitivity. AB - In contrast to dopaminergic hypersensitivity induced by most neuroleptic drugs including fluphenazine, thioridazine induced hyposensitivity to subsequent apomorphine stereotypy in rats. The difference between thioridazine and fluphenazine may relate in part to anticholinergic properties of thioridazine, but appears to involve additional mechanisms. Differences in dopaminergic sensitization may be important to the management and prevention of tardive dyskinesia an iatrogenic disorder associated with chronic exposure to neuroleptics. PMID- 6538631 TI - Generic substitutes. Should they be safe, effective and equivalent? PMID- 6538632 TI - The physician and hospital privileges. PMID- 6538633 TI - Crime as "behavioral equivalent" of depression. PMID- 6538634 TI - The right of psychiatric patients to refuse treatment. Analysis of professional responsibility and informed consent. PMID- 6538635 TI - Forensic aspects of blood transfusion. PMID- 6538636 TI - The hijras of India. A preliminary report. PMID- 6538637 TI - The role and justification of rights in nursing. PMID- 6538638 TI - Metabolic disposition and toxicity of cocaine. PMID- 6538640 TI - [L-lysine-alpha-oxidase activity of some Trichoderma species]. AB - Trichoderma cultures were tested for their ability to produce L-lysine-alpha oxidase. The highest enzyme activity was manifested by T. harzianum (MGU), T. longibrachiatum Rifai VKM F-2025 and T. aureoviride Rifai VKM F-2026. The biosynthesis of the enzyme did not depend on the growth of the cultures and did not vary among the species. PMID- 6538639 TI - Increased deaths due to endocrine system diseases and allergies among mothers of dizygotic twins. AB - To test the hypothesis that mothers of DZ twins, who seem to represent a separate population from mothers of singletons in terms of levels of pituitary gonadotropins, height and weight, and reproductive and menstrual characteristics, have different patterns of disease and mortality, causes of non-cancer deaths were examined. Study subjects were 3,982 mothers of unlike-sexed (DZ) twins and other polyzygous multiple births, and a matched comparison group of 3,982 mothers of singletons only. A significantly increased risk of death due to diseases in ICD Group III, Allergic Endocrine System, Metabolic and Nutritional Diseases, was found among mothers of DZ twins (relative risk (RR) = 2.4, exact two-tail P = 0.024, exact 95% confidence limits 1.11 to 5.62). Of the 24 deaths among mothers of DZ twins, 18 were due to diabetes, 2 to diseases of the adrenal glands, 1 to a thyroid gland and, 3 to asthma. Of the ten deaths in the comparison group, nine were due to diabetes and one to asthma. Excluding the asthmas, the RR for endocrine system diseases is 2.33, exact two-tail P = 0.042, exact 95% CL 1.02 to 5.79. These observations are consistent with evidence in the literature which shows an association between endocrine system diseases and twinning, and between gonadotropic hormones and diabetes. PMID- 6538641 TI - Concerning the genesis of AIDS. PMID- 6538643 TI - Clinical disorders and hyperprolactinaemia. PMID- 6538642 TI - Soft contact lens contamination by Alternaria alternata. AB - Two cases of contact lens contamination by the fungus, Alternaria alternata, are described. In both patients, mild ocular irritation was the presenting symptom but neither suffered fungal infection of the eye. To our knowledge, A alternata has not previously been reported as a contaminant of contact lenses, although it is an ubiquitous saprophyte and has been reported as causing infections in humans. The close succession in which these two patients presented may indicate that such fungal contamination of contact lenses is not uncommon. The importance of adequate cleaning regimens for daily-wear contact lenses (which are inserted and removed each day), and the necessity for patients with extended-wear contact lenses (which are worn continuously) to seek medical attention immediately should any problems arise, are emphasized. PMID- 6538645 TI - [Sensitivity of Scopulariopsis brevicaulis (Bainier) to antifungal agents]. PMID- 6538644 TI - Enzymatic activity of metal-binding proteins in epidermal cells. AB - Enzymatic activity was investigated in metal-binding proteins from rat epidermal cells. Tris-HCl buffer soluble and KSCN solubilized proteins were extracted stepwise from granular and cornified cells of 2-day old rat epidermis. Each extract was separately applied to a Cu2+ or Zn2+ chelate Sepharose 6B column and the proteins were eluted with buffers of different pHs and finally with EDTA solution. Metal chelate-binding proteins were found in both soluble and solubilized proteins but there was a larger amount in the latter. Affinity of the proteins to bind with Cu2+ chelate was greater than that with Zn2+ chelate. In Tris-HCl buffer extract, histidase activity was detected in Cu2+ chelate-binding proteins, but not in Zn2+ chelate-binding proteins. Acid phosphatase, cysteine proteinase, dipeptidase, cathepsin D, beta-galactosidase, gelatin hydrolase, and superoxide dismutase did not bind to metal chelates although these enzymes, except acid phosphatase, were inhibited by Cu2+, but not by Zn2+. In contrast, KSCN solubilized metal chelate-binding proteins showed plasminogen activator, acid phosphatase, and gelatin and casein hydrolases while histone hydrolase did not bind to either chelate column. Since metal-binding proteins in rat epidermal cells have been shown previously to be histidine- and cysteine-rich proteins concentrated in keratohyalin granules, interaction of metals and the structural proteins with certain enzymes may be involved in the regulation of epidermal cell functions. PMID- 6538646 TI - Whatever happened to vinca-loaded platelets? PMID- 6538647 TI - Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis in one member of identical twins. AB - Two identical twins contracted measles simultaneously in the same house at the age of six months. Only one member developed subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) at the age of ten years. The other member remained healthy until after two years of follow-up. This case emphasizes the importance of factors other than host-measles virus interaction in the pathogenesis of SSPE. PMID- 6538648 TI - Predictive features in mild senile dementia of the Alzheimer type. AB - Forty-three subjects with mild senile dementia of the Alzheimer type, diagnosed and staged by clinical research criteria, were studied with clinical, psychometric, EEG, visual evoked potential, and CT measures. During the 12 months following entry into the study, 21 subjects progressed to moderate or severe dementia, 21 remained mild, and one was lost to follow-up. Many of the clinical and psychometric measures of impairment were predictive of the progression to moderate or severe dementia. Electrophysiologic and CT measures were not. In a discriminant function analysis, the scores on two measures (the digit symbol subtest of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale and an Aphasia Battery) correctly predicted the stage of dementia 1 year later in 95% of the subjects. PMID- 6538649 TI - Central pontine myelinolysis: demonstration by nuclear magnetic resonance. AB - An alcoholic, hyponatremic woman developed central pontine myelinolysis (CPM) and improved from a decerebrate, comatose state to alertness and full ambulation. NMR, using inversion-recovery and spin-echo pulse sequences, was performed sequentially from 4 weeks to 8 months after onset of symptoms and revealed a well defined lesion with prolonged relaxation times. The lesion was anatomically consistent with CPM and was initially also visualized by CT. NMR showed no definite temporal change in the qualitative appearance of the lesion until the 8 month scan; however, quantitatively, a reduction of relaxation times was noted with each serial study. PMID- 6538650 TI - The anatomic basis of delusions after right cerebral infarction. AB - We studied the nature and causes of delusions after infarction of the right cerebral hemisphere. Delusions involved orientation in time and place, events in the recent past, and the identities of familiar individuals. Some were transient and disorganized, and others were more fixed. No particular site in the right hemisphere was associated with particular delusions. The different delusions may be varied manifestations of a basic disorder of thought and memory. The major determinant of the delusions was cerebral atrophy. Age, location, and size of lesion had no major effect. The superimposition of a new right hemisphere lesion on a diffusely atrophied brain seems to cause delusions that can be expressed verbally because the left hemisphere is relatively preserved. PMID- 6538651 TI - EEG in premature infants with intraventricular hemorrhage. AB - Seventy-eight EEGs from 44 premature infants with CT- or autopsy-verified intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) were reviewed retrospectively. The patient's most abnormal EEG was a reliable predictor of outcome, independent of the estimated gestational age, 1- and 5-minute Apgar scores, and IVH grade. Nine of 12 infants who had all normal or mildly abnormal EEGs had favorable outcomes. The nine infants whose worst EEGs were moderately abnormal experienced mixed outcomes, ranging from normal survival to death. All 23 infants with one or more markedly abnormal EEGs suffered unfavorable outcomes. Positive rolandic sharp waves, a highly specific EEG pattern for IVH in premature infants, occurred in only 29.5% of the patients. The degree of EEG abnormality correlated significantly with the patient's mental status, but not with the IVH grade. Subarachnoid hemorrhage, hypoxia-ischemia, and focal parenchymal lesions caused electrographic seizures in 14 patients, 12 of whom died (85.7%). This study suggests that EEG has limited value in the diagnosis of IVH. However, it may play an important role in the neurologic assessment of the premature infant with established IVH by confirming clinically suspected seizures and providing reliable prognostic information. PMID- 6538652 TI - The Bear-Fedio personality inventory and temporal lobe epilepsy. AB - We administered the Bear-Fedio inventory to normal controls and to patients with epilepsy, chronic pain, and psychiatric disorders. The trait scores showed progressive increase with the severity of psychiatric symptoms. There were no statistically significant differences between epileptic patients with diffuse spike wave discharges and those with focal temporal EEG abnormalities. Also, there were no significant differences in patients with left versus right temporal foci. The inventory is markedly influenced by intellectual factors and, to some extent, by gender and anticonvulsant drug levels, especially those of carbamazepine. The test in its current form measures overall psychopathology rather than a specific syndrome. PMID- 6538653 TI - Treatment of patients with recurrent primary brain tumors with AZQ. AB - We have evaluated the efficacy of intravenous 2,5-diaziridinyl-3,6 biscarboethoxyamino-1,4-benzoquinone (diaziquone or AZQ, NSC-182986) in the treatment of recurrent primary anaplastic brain tumors. Three of 16 evaluable patients (18.8%) showed clinical and radiographic improvement that permitted discontinuation of corticosteroids, 4 patients (25%) showed either clinical or radiographic improvement and were considered partial responders, and 9 patients (56.2%) showed no effects after two courses of AZQ. The treatment was well tolerated, and hematologic toxicity was mild. Pharmacokinetic studies indicated rapid decay of the parent compound from plasma using two different infusion schedules. These results compare favorably with those obtained using the nitrosoureas or procarbazine as single agents. PMID- 6538654 TI - Risk of ischemic heart disease in patients with TIA. AB - A prospective study was made of the morbidity and mortality from ischemic heart disease in 390 patients with focal TIA caused by atherosclerotic vascular disease. The 5-year cumulative rate of myocardial infarction or sudden death in these patients was 21.0%, a rate only slightly less than that of fatal or nonfatal cerebral infarction (22.7%). Risk factors including diabetes, angina, and ECG abnormalities were associated with an increase in morbidity and mortality from ischemic heart disease. A major factor associated with these cardiac events was the presence of atherosclerotic obstructive or ulcerative lesions in the carotid arteries. These observations indicate that focal TIA caused by carotid atherosclerosis is a predictor not only of cerebral infarction, but also of serious cardiac disease and death. PMID- 6538655 TI - The risk of recurrence of nonfebrile seizures in children. AB - In a prospective study, the risk of recurrence after a first postneonatal nonfebrile seizure was 61% by age 7 years. The risk of recurrence for nonsymptomatic seizures was considerably higher than for seizures attributed to immediate precipitating factors. Focal motor seizures were more likely than generalized motor seizures to recur. Children who had prior neonatal seizures were at greater risk for nonfebrile recurrence than children with no prior seizure. Family history and neurodevelopmental status were not significantly related to recurrence risk. Almost 90% of recurrences took place within 1 year, and 96% within 2 years. PMID- 6538656 TI - Primary intracerebral hemorrhage: impact of CT on incidence. AB - From 1975-1979, the incidence of primary intracerebral hemorrhage (PIH) increased in Rochester, MN, when compared with a previously decreasing incidence. Judging from patients with PIH who were alert at diagnosis, we estimated that 24% of the hemorrhages in earlier years had been mislabeled as infarction. The 30-day survival rate increased from 8% in 1945-1974 to 44% in 1975-1979. The incidence rate was about 45% higher in patients receiving anticoagulant treatment than in those who did not. The increased incidence rate and improved survivorship were attributed to more frequent identification of small PIH by CT. PMID- 6538657 TI - Periodic confusion caused by congenital extrahepatic portacaval shunt. AB - A patient with portal-systemic encephalopathy was found to have congenital portal systemic shunting due to an extrahepatic connection. The profound clinical disorder remitted completely on surgical correction of the shunt. PMID- 6538658 TI - Frequent neurologic toxicity associated with amiodarone therapy. AB - Fifty-four consecutive patients were treated with amiodarone for symptomatic ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation refractory to treatment with conventional antiarrhythmic drugs. A reversible neurologic syndrome of tremor, ataxia, and occasionally peripheral neuropathy without nystagmus, dizziness, encephalopathy, or long-tract signs developed in 54% of the patients and was the most common reason for altering or discontinuing drug therapy. Neurologic side effects improved or resolved within 2 days to 4 weeks of decreasing or discontinuing amiodarone. Frequent neurologic toxicity is a hitherto undescribed complication of amiodarone therapy. Wider recognition of this syndrome will avoid unnecessary and costly diagnostic evaluation. PMID- 6538659 TI - Generalized seizures and cocaine abuse. AB - Cocaine is a commonly abused drug. We report three patients who had generalized seizures immediately following intravenous injection of cocaine. Previous experimental and clinical literature have documented a relationship between cocaine and convulsions. The rising incidence of cocaine use may be associated with a rising incidence of cocaine-associated seizures. PMID- 6538660 TI - Amnesia with hippocampal lesions after cardiopulmonary arrest. AB - A patient developed an amnesic syndrome after cardiopulmonary arrest. Neuropathologic examination revealed pronounced anoxic injury to both hippocampi with little damage to other hemisphere structures. The clinical and pathologic findings suggest that lesions limited to the hippocampus can cause profound amnesia. PMID- 6538661 TI - Tic convulsif, the combination of geniculate neuralgia and hemifacial spasm relieved by vascular decompression. AB - A patient had combined otalgia and intractable unilateral facial spasm, relieved by microsurgical vascular decompression of the seventh and eighth cranial nerve complex in the cerebellopontine angle without section of the intermediate nerve. A dolicho-ectatic anterior inferior cerebellar artery compressed the seventh and eighth cranial nerves complex, suggesting that vascular compression of the intermediate nerve or of the sensory portion of the facial nerve may cause geniculate neuralgia. "Tic convulsif" seems to be a combination of geniculate neuralgia and hemifacial spasm. This combination could be due to vascular compression of the sensory and motor components of the facial nerve at their junction with the brainstem. PMID- 6538662 TI - The noncerebrovascular complications of chiropractic manipulation. AB - We describe a patient who suffered cervical spine, spinal cord, and nerve root injury as a result of chiropractic spinal manipulation, and we review medical literature concerning the noncerebrovascular complications of spinal manipulation. PMID- 6538663 TI - Electrophysiologic studies in Miller Fisher syndrome. AB - Serial peripheral nerve conduction studies are reported on a case of acute ophthalmoplegia and ataxia with areflexia (Miller Fisher syndrome). These tests showed abnormalities identical to those found in the Guillain-Barre syndrome. PMID- 6538664 TI - Intermittent claudication of one cerebral hemisphere. AB - A 13-year-old girl consistently developed unilateral sensory and motor symptoms on hyperventilation, suggesting the diagnosis of hysteria. Investigation disclosed hypoplasia of one internal carotid artery and part of the circle of Willis, responsible for compromising blood flow to one hemisphere sufficiently to produce ischemic deficit during hypocapnia. PMID- 6538665 TI - A new immunologic test for CNS cysticercosis. AB - A new radioimmunoassay for cerebral cysticercosis was studied in 70 patients. The assay showed nearly 100% sensitivity for ventricular cysts or meningitis, 86% sensitivity for multiple parenchymal cysts, and a false-positive rate of 7%. Both serum and CSF antibody levels were useful diagnostically, and the contribution of both improved accuracy. In some patients, there was endogenous CNS production of IgG against the cysticercus antigen, which leads to elevated CSF levels and normal serum levels. Patients with high CSF total IgG levels may show false positive CSF antibody elevation with normal serum levels. PMID- 6538666 TI - Sensory conduction velocity of plantar digital nerves in Morton's metatarsalgia. AB - The orthodromic sensory conduction velocity of the plantar interdigital nerves were measured with needle electrodes in 28 healthy subjects. The stimulating needle electrodes were placed close to the shaft of the proximal phalanx of the toe, and the recording needle electrode was placed behind the medial malleolus. We examined six subjects with clinical symptoms of entrapment of the common plantar digital nerve (Morton's metatarsalgia). Five of the subjects later had surgery. The conduction velocities of the affected interdigital nerves were abnormally slow. The method is technically simple, but more painful than conventional conduction studies. PMID- 6538667 TI - Specific brain antigen in MS. PMID- 6538668 TI - Dorsal midbrain syndrome from giant aneurysm of the posterior fossa. PMID- 6538669 TI - Adult-onset foot dystonia. PMID- 6538670 TI - Isoniazid-induced acute toxic encephalopathy. PMID- 6538671 TI - Phenytoin assay on dried blood spots. PMID- 6538672 TI - MS and postpartum stress. PMID- 6538673 TI - Sequential drug holiday in Parkinson's disease. PMID- 6538674 TI - Self-stimulation in the ventral tegmental area suppresses self-mutilation in rats with forelimb deafferentiation. AB - In rats which received section of 5 dorsal roots corresponding to the brachial plexus, self-mutilation of the forelimb develops during the first 2 months after deafferentation. The extent of self-mutilation was measured for 90 days in a control group of animals and in a group with an electrode implanted in the ventral tegmental area and which were allowed to self-stimulate at freedom. The animals which self-stimulated for 35 days did not develop the self-mutilation even after the self-stimulation was stopped. PMID- 6538676 TI - Clinical factors predisposing to massive proliferative vitreoretinopathy in rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. AB - A series of 354 consecutive rhegmatogenous retinal detachments, operated on by means of microsurgery, is evaluated to determine the clinical factors that may predispose to the development of postoperative massive proliferative vitreoretinopathy (MPVR). Three statistically significant parameters in the development of postoperative MPVR are demonstrated: failure of previous surgery, preoperative fixed retinal folds, and horseshoe retinal tear(s) exposing a total surface of 3 disc diameters or more of pigment epithelium. For further study, it is suggested that in retinal detachments with such horseshoe tears, early destruction of the exposed pigment epithelium by argon laser photocoagulation may be a valuable means of decreasing the incidence of MPVR after retinal detachment repair. PMID- 6538675 TI - Influence of the alkyllysophospholipid ET-18-OCH3 on methylnitrosourea-induced rat mammary carcinomas. AB - This study describes the efficacy of the alkyllysophospholipid 1-octadecyl-2 methoxy-Sn-racglycero-3-phosphocholine (ET-18-OCH3) in inhibiting the growth of methylnitrosourea-induced mammary carcinomas in Sprague-Dawley rats. In experiment A 2 X 10 mg/kg Et-18-OCH3 were administered daily for 10 weeks prior to manifestation of mammary carcinomas which resulted in a significant inhibition of median tumor number and median tumor volume per rat. Treatment of established tumors (experiment B) with 6 and 60 mg/kg ET-18-OCH3 daily for 3 weeks effected a stagnation in tumor growth for the higher dosage only with 90% tumor inhibition in comparison to untreated controls; at the same time, however, clear toxic effects were seen, thus indicating a narrow therapeutic index of ET-18-OCH3 in single-drug therapy. Combination of ET-18-OCH3 with compounds possessing a different toxicity spectrum is suggested. PMID- 6538677 TI - Primary, secondary and coincidental ocular complications of Crohn's disease. AB - Patients with granulomatous enterocolitis, a disorder which can affect the whole alimentary tract, have a 10% chance of having an ocular complication. Experience with 47 patients seen over 20 years found different types of ocular complications. Definition of the type of complication aids in diagnosis and management of both the eye and intestine. Primary ocular complications are those which occur with activity of Crohn's disease and respond to treatment for the Crohn's disease. Secondary ocular complications occur because of some other primary, systemic, or ocular complication. Coincidental ocular complications are unrelated to Crohn's disease. PMID- 6538678 TI - Early review of 1983 legislation necessary. PMID- 6538679 TI - Medical liability costs--out of control. PMID- 6538680 TI - Suctioning and cerebral blood flow. PMID- 6538681 TI - [Intestinal invagination in Werlhof's disease in a child with severe burns]. PMID- 6538682 TI - Pituitary opioid involvement in ECS-postictal electrogenesis and behavioral depression in rats. AB - The role of pituitary opioids in electroconvulsive shock (ECS)-induced postictal electrogenesis and behavioral depression was investigated in sham hypophysectomized and hypophysectomized rats. These animals were divided into two subgroups and injected SC with either saline or naloxone (3 mg/kg) 10 min prior to transauricular ECS. Sham-hypophysectomized rats given saline responded to a single ECS with a 65 +/- 18% (s.e.) increase in postictal electrogenesis and a behavioral depression lasting 3840 +/- 530 sec. Naloxone significantly antagonized both the postictal increase in EEG voltage output and behavioral depression. Hypophysectomy by itself was without effect on EEG patterns and only partially attenuated the ECS-induced electrogenesis and postictal depression (31.9 +/- 9% and 2360 +/- 511 sec, respectively). However, in hypophysectomized rats, naloxone did not further antagonize these effects of ECS. Thus, it appears that pituitary opioids may, at least in part, mediate postictal electrogenesis and behavioral depression. Alternatively, since hypophysectomy only partially attenuates these phenomena, central or nonpituitary opioid peptide systems may be involved. In view of the observed decrease in responsiveness to naloxone in hypophysectomized rats, nonopioid systems cannot be ruled out as contributors to the opioid-like effects of ECS in these animals. PMID- 6538683 TI - Cholesterol esterification by mammary gland microsomes from the lactating rat. AB - Cholesterol esterification by fatty acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT, EC 2.3.1.26) has been demonstrated in microsomes prepared from breast tissue of the lactating rat, employing the incorporation of [1-14C]oleoyl coenzyme-A into cholesteryl[14C]oleate. The regulation of this activity in vitro was studied by supplementing microsomes with unesterified cholesterol supplied either as a dispersion in acetone or by incubating microsomes with cholesterol-enriched serum lipoproteins prior to enzyme assay. ACAT activity was increased by more than 80% when the ratio of unesterified cholesterol to microsomal protein was increased from 29 to 48 micrograms/mg protein, indicating that the normal cholesterol content of mammary gland microsomes does not saturate this enzyme. Cholesterol esterification could be inhibited nearly completely in vitro by addition of the polar steroid progesterone (93% decrease in ACAT activity with 75 microM progesterone) and, to lesser extents, by estradiol and retinol. Enzyme assays were also performed after incubating microsomes with N-acylamides that inhibit cholesteryl ester synthesis in other systems. Under conditions where the mammary gland ACAT reaction was inhibited by more than 82%, the esterification of retinol was reduced by less than 30% and incorporation of [14C]oleoyl-CoA into triglycerides was not inhibited at all. These studies indicate that the lactating mammary gland contains ACAT activity having properties similar to ACAT in other organs. The presence of ACAT activity in the lactating mammary gland provides a possible mechanism for the synthesis of cholesteryl esters found in milk. It can also be inferred that ACAT in mammary gland microsomes is likely to be distinct from the microsomal acyltransferases that catalyze the esterification of retinol and glycerides. PMID- 6538684 TI - Estrogen receptors, antibodies and hormone dependent cancer. PMID- 6538685 TI - Biochemical basis of breast cancer treatment by androgens and progestins. PMID- 6538686 TI - Influence of shock-induced fighting and social factors on dopamine turnover in cortical and limbic areas in the rat. AB - The present experiments investigated changes in dopaminergic mesocorticolimbic neurones originating from the A10 cell group, in animals exposed to electric shocks in pairs or individually, in comparison to animals receiving no shock and tested in pairs or alone. The social setting under which shock occurred had no influence on the increases in DOPAC levels observed in animals exposed acutely or chronically to electric shocks. In contrast, subordinate rats in the paired shock condition had lower tyrosine hydroxylase activity in the accumbens than dominant rats. Pairing of animals in the test cage without shock induced an increase in accumbens DOPAC levels. PMID- 6538687 TI - Heightened aggressive behavior by animals interacting with alcohol-treated conspecifics: studies with mice, rats and squirrel monkeys. AB - Drug-free mice, rats and squirrel monkeys showed more aggression toward alcohol treated conspecifics than under control conditions. Quantitative ethological analysis was used to assess the dose-dependent effects of ethyl alcohol on a range of aggressive, submissive, defensive, escape responses as well as on non agonistic behavior such as associative responses, grooming, and locomotor activities. Two experimental situations were studied: resident-intruder confrontations in mice and rats, and interactions between members of established groups of squirrel monkeys. After PO administration of ethyl alcohol to intruder mice and rats, the non-drugged resident mice and rats attacked, threatened, and pursued intruders at higher frequencies during 5-min encounters. Similarly, subordinate squirrel monkeys who were members of three established groups, when given alcohol, were grasped, displaced, and displayed to more frequently by non drugged group members than after water control injections during the first 40 min after injection. This change in aggressive behavior by non-drugged animals was related to the alcohol dose given to the intruder or subordinate animal; near ataxic alcohol doses (3.0 g/kg in mice, 1.7 g/kg in rats, 1.0 g/kg in squirrel monkeys) altered the behavior of animals whose prevalent pattern is defensive and submissive so that they were the subject of most frequent and intense aggression. PMID- 6538688 TI - Limbic acetylcholine turnover rates correlated with rat morphine-seeking behaviors. AB - Acetylcholine (ACh) turnover rates were measured in fourteen brain regions of rats intravenously self-administering morphine and in yoked-morphine and yoked vehicle infused littermates to identify cholinergic neuronal pathways potentially involved in opiate reinforcement processes. Rats receiving chronic passive administration of morphine had increased ACh turnover rates in the frontal cortex and diagonal band and decreased rates in the medial septum. The significant changes in animals self-administering the drug were prominent in limbic regions with increases in the frontal cortex and decreases in the pyriform cortex, nucleus accumbens, amygdala and ventral tegmental area. Some components of opiate reinforcement may be mediated by increases in the activity of cholinergic ventral pallidal and diagonal band fibers innervating the frontal cortex and by decreases in activity of cholinergic fibers innervating the ventral tegmental area. These data and turnover rates for dopamine, norepinephrine, serotonin, aspartate, glutamate and gamma-aminobutyric acid previously determined in similarly treated animals are consistent with two neuronal circuits that may be involved in opiate seeking behaviors and opiate reinforcement processes. PMID- 6538689 TI - Surgical treatment of balanitis xerotica obliterans. AB - Balanitis xerotica obliterans, or kraurosis penis, is a chronic progressive scleroatrophic process of the penis, prepuce, and urethral meatus. This syndrome is due to lichen sclerosus et atrophicus of the genital region. We have observed 32 patients, whose ages ranged from 24 to 78, with different clinical and pathologic findings. Clinical symptomatology consisted of painful erection with secondary impotence, burning, itching, and urinary disorders. The treatment in the early stages is pharmacologic; stenosis of the meatus, phimosis, scar adhesions, fissures, and erosions of glans and prepuce prescribe a surgical treatment. We have performed modified circumcision, meatotomy and meatoplasty, removal of the scleroatrophic tract and subsequent grafting. The functional results were satisfactory. PMID- 6538690 TI - CT of the nasopharyngeal region. Normal and pathologic anatomy. AB - The soft tissue anatomy of the nasopharynx is presented in terms of deglutitional and masticatory muscle layers. Within this framework of analysis, computed tomography can detect relatively early soft tissue changes of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. PMID- 6538691 TI - Recall of the goal box in latent learning and latent discrimination. PMID- 6538692 TI - [Annual variations in estrual behavior, rate and possibilities for ovulation in Peulh ewes from Niger]. AB - Annual variations in estrous and ovulation behavior were studied in 23 bicolored Peulh ewes for a period of 30 months. The percentages of estrus and ovulation shown over a year of observation were 76 and 86%, respectively. The average rate of ovulation was 1.3 +/- 0.04 (X +/- SEM). Reproductive activity was minimal from January to April, as the percentages of estrus and ovulation varied between 43.8 and 61% and between 53.1 and 86%, respectively. This period was marked by the advent of anestrus, interrupted frequently by silent and irregular ovulations. Anestrus lasted an average of 81.9 +/- 9.8 days (X +/- SEM). Reproductive activity was maximal from May to December, as the percentages of estrus and ovulation varied between 77 and 97% and between 87.5 and 100%, respectively. During this period ovarian activity was interrupted by prolonged diestrus which lasted an average of 24.9 +/- 3.3 days (X +/- SEM). The ovulation rate did not differ significantly (P greater than 0.05) between periods of minimal and maximal sexual activity. These results suggest that the reproductive potentialities of Peulh sheep on a good diet are comparable to those of certain ovine breeds in temperate zones. The results also suggest that anestrus in bicolored Peulh sheep is probably a different physiological process than the one observed in some breeds of sheep in which anestrus is marked by total ovarian inactivity. PMID- 6538693 TI - [Hourly variations in rectal temperature and prolactinemia in the creole goat kept outside in a tropical environment]. AB - Rectal temperature and plasma prolactin level were measured hourly in "creole goats" during 27 consecutive hours in March, July and November. Simultaneously, air, "black-globe" temperature and relative humidity were measured at the height of the animals. Rectal temperature and plasma prolactin level varied according to hour and season and were always higher during the day than during the night. Plasma prolactin level increased dramatically for 3 h after dusk only in March. Rectal temperature showed a significantly higher correlation with air temperature than with "black-globe" temperature. On the contrary, plasma prolactin level was more significantly correlated with "black-globe" temperature than with air temperature. When all seasons and hours were pooled, "black-globe" temperature showed a threshold (32-34 degrees C), beyond which prolactin reached values higher than 100 ng/ml. Rectal temperature was always significantly correlated with plasma prolactin level. Plasma prolactin level as an index of thermal stress and the role of prolactin in thermoregulation have been discussed. PMID- 6538694 TI - Delayed luteolysis and suppression of the pulsatile release of oxytocin after indomethacin treatment in the goat. AB - Luteolysis in the goat was characterised by the pulsatile appearance of both oxytocin and 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGFM), the primary pulmonary metabolite of prostaglandin (PG) F2 alpha, in the peripheral circulation. The episodic, surge release of oxytocin was superimposed on declining levels which paralleled the fall in progesterone concentrations. Daily subcutaneous administration of the prostaglandin synthetase inhibitor indomethacin (10 mg kg-1) between days 11 and 16, delayed luteolysis and suppressed both the decline in oxytocin concentrations and the pulsatile appearance of both oxytocin and PGFM in the peripheral circulation. Although there was little evidence of the release of the two hormones being synchronised, the results suggest that PGF2 alpha may stimulate pulsatile oxytocin release at luteolysis. PMID- 6538695 TI - Reduction of serum and testicular sialic acid by melatonin-free pineal extract in rats. AB - The effect of a melatonin-free pineal extract on sialic acid in the rat was studied. Administration of 2 ml extract/day/animal for 3 and 12 days induced the following effects: a) a statistically significant decrease in testicular concentration and content of sialic acid after 3 days (by 14 and 16% respectively) and b) a statistically significant decrease both in testicular concentration and content and serum level of sialic acid after 12 days (by 13, 12 and 9% respectively). The involvement of the pineal extract in the synthesis and secretion of testicular sialic acid is discussed. PMID- 6538696 TI - Studies of the effect of cerulein administration on experimental pancreatic carcinogenesis. AB - The influence of the cholecystokinin analogue cerulein on induced pancreatic cancer in the Syrian golden hamster was investigated. Of hamsters given weekly subcutaneous injection of N-nitrosobis(2-hydroxypropyl)amine (BHP) in initial experiments 50% succumbed within 30 weeks when a dose of 125 mg BHP per kg body weight was used and within 25 weeks after the double dose. An induction time of at most 24 weeks was therefore used in the subsequent experiments. Administration of cerulein (2 micrograms twice daily for 5 days a week) for 18 or 22 weeks caused an increase of pancreatic wet weight by about 100% and of pancreatic protein content by 73% (18 weeks). BHP did not influence the pancreatic weight either in hamsters given cerulein or in those given saline injections. BHP (125 mg/kg) caused tumors in 44% of the animals after 18 weeks and in 73% after 22 weeks. When BHP was given in a dose of 250 mg/kg, 100% of the animals had pancreatic tumors after 22 weeks. At neither dose and neither time interval did cerulein influence the number of tumor-bearing animals, number of cancer-bearing animals, or number of tumors per tumor-bearing animal or cancers per cancer bearing animal. No morphological differences were found within the lesions of animals given only BHP as compared with those given cerulein in addition. All lesions were of ductal appearance. The distribution of tumors was also similar irrespective of the treatment given. The results show that cerulein does not influence experimental pancreatic carcinogenesis in the Syrian golden hamster, possibly reflecting that cerulein and BHP primarily act on different target cells. PMID- 6538697 TI - Gastro-oesophageal reflux in pregnancy. Altered function of the barrier to reflux in asymptomatic women during early pregnancy. AB - The object of this study was to investigate the effect of early pregnancy on the competence of the barrier to gastro-oesophageal reflux (GOR). Oesophageal manometry and prolonged intra-oesophageal pH monitoring were carried out in 12 asymptomatic pregnant women and in 7 non-pregnant women. There was no significant difference in mean intragastric pressure between these two groups. However, both mean lower oesophageal sphincter (LOS) pressure and mean barrier pressure (LOS pressure minus intragastric pressure) were significantly lower in the pregnant subjects (16.9 +/- 0.79 mm Hg; 8.69 +/- 0.73 mm Hg) than in the controls (21.5 +/ 1.93 mm Hg; 14.1 +/- 1.22 mm Hg) (p less than 0.01 and less than 0.001, respectively). No significant difference could be demonstrated between the two groups with regard to degree of GOR, although the pregnant women did exhibit a tendency towards more marked reflux. The results indicate a diminution in the barrier to reflux in early pregnancy due to a reduction in LOS pressure, which may be the basis of symptomatic GOR in pregnancy. PMID- 6538698 TI - Prediction of fatality in fulminant hepatic failure. AB - Thirty-three consecutive patients admitted to the intensive care liver unit of Rigshospitalet with acute hepatic encephalopathy induced by viral hepatitis, drugs, or pregnancy were studied. All were treated with a standard anticoma regime. The 20 patients (61%) who died had a higher bilirubin level and lower total cholic acid conjugation and glycine cholic acid conjugation (p less than 0.05) than the surviving patients. Antipyrin clearance and galactose elimination capacity tended to be lower in the non-survival group than in the survival group (p = 0.09 and 0.11, respectively). Of single variables a bilirubin level of greater than 384 mumol/l gave the best prediction of non-survival (sensitivity, 0.80; specificity, 0.69; PVpos, 0.80; PVneg, 0.69; kappa, 0.49). However, a discriminant score based on combination of variables distinguished completely between non-survivors and survivors when validated by an unbiased method in which each patient is classified on the basis of the other patients' data. It is suggested that the discriminant score is used to select patients with very low probability of survival for liver transplantation or liver assistance procedures of unknown value. PMID- 6538699 TI - Expression of cellular oncogenes in human malignancies. AB - Cellular oncogenes have been implicated in the induction of malignant transformation in some model systems in vitro and may be related to malignancies in vivo in some vertebrate species. This article describes a study of the expression of 15 cellular oncogenes in fresh human tumors from 54 patients, representing 20 different tumor types. More than one cellular oncogene was transcriptionally active in all of the tumors examined. In 14 patients it was possible to study normal and malignant tissue from the same organ. In many of these patients, the transcriptional activity of certain oncogenes was greater in the malignant than the normal tissue. The cellular fes (feline sarcoma) oncogene, not previously known to be transcribed in mammalian tissue, was found to be active in lung and hematopoietic malignancies. PMID- 6538700 TI - Vasopressin injected into the hypothalamus triggers a stereotypic behavior in golden hamsters. AB - Microinjection of arginine vasopressin into the medial preoptic area of the hypothalamus of male and female golden hamsters triggered a complex, stereotypic behavior--flank marking--a type of scent marking used in olfactory communication. The flank marking was not elicited by saline, oxytocin, neurotensin, or angiotensin II. Vasopressin was ineffective when injected into other areas of the hypothalamus or into the lateral cerebroventricle. PMID- 6538701 TI - Giant cerebral Echinococcus cyst with galactorrhea and amenorrhea. AB - A case of giant left-sided frontal cerebral Echinococcus cyst causing headaches, galactorrhea--amenorrhea, secondary sterility, and gain in weight in an adult female patient is reported. The operative removal of this huge cyst led to complete neurological and endocrinologic recovery. PMID- 6538702 TI - [Treatment of cardiac insufficiency within the framework of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy]. PMID- 6538703 TI - Sitosterol-stimulative production of plasminogen activator in cultured endothelial cells from bovine carotid artery. AB - The endothelial cell is a rich source of plasminogen activator that is associated with fibrinolytic activity in blood vessel. Addition of sitosterol to the culture medium of endothelial cells from bovine carotid artery gave rise to a marked increment in the activity of plasminogen activator. Removal of sitosterol from the culture medium resulted in a decrease of plasminogen activator activity back to normal levels. Enhancement of plasminogen activator activity in cultured endothelial cells was not observed by cholesterol, 5-androsten-3 beta-ol and others. PMID- 6538704 TI - Thrombin-induced platelet reactions: effect of substrates and inhibitors on binding of thrombin and serotonin release. AB - Binding of 125I-thrombin to platelets and subsequent serotonin release were confirmed. The binding of unaltered thrombin to platelets was also measured by a new technique using a chromogenic substrate (S-2238). As compared to 125I thrombin, this method gave similar constants for binding to the high affinity binding site, but lower for binding to the low affinity binding site. Furthermore, the results suggest that the platelets have two classes of independent binding sites. Substrates and inhibitors of thrombin inhibited thrombin induced serotonin release, suggesting that the release reaction depends on the proteolytic activity of thrombin. The serotonin release was more inhibited than the binding of thrombin, suggesting that the platelet binding site and the active site of thrombin are located in different parts of the thrombin molecule. PMID- 6538705 TI - Screening of potential reproductive toxicants by use of porcine granulosa cell cultures. AB - While approximately 60 000 chemicals are in widespread use with 1000 new chemicals introduced into the environment each year, the biologic effects of these agents are poorly understood. With the specific goal of testing for potential reproductive toxicity, we have established methodology for the screening of compounds in vitro by measuring effects on progesterone production by porcine granulosa cells in culture. Granulosa cells were harvested by mechanical agitation, cryopreserved, and cells with known progesterone production capacity utilized for culture. Agents to be tested were added to cultures of 10(5) cells and the media assayed for progesterone by radioimmunoassay. Estradiol suppression of progesterone production was easily demonstrated in this system and utilized as a verification of responsiveness. The pesticide o,p-DDT and its isomer p,p-DDT produced dramatic suppression of progesterone production apparently with equal potencies to estradiol. By contrast, the pesticides malathion, parathion and dieldrin and the fungicide hexachlorobenzene were without effect in this test system. PMID- 6538706 TI - Reasons for not using contraceptives: an international comparison. AB - This study presents the main reasons for currently not using contraceptives given by currently in-union, nonpregnant women 15-44 years of age in three Asian countries (Bangladesh, Korea, and Thailand) and three Latin American countries (Barbados, Colombia, and Costa Rica). Desire for next child, side effects or health reasons, and temporary infecundity were the most commonly given reasons for current nonuse. In Korea, Thailand, and Barbados, there is little or no disapproval of contraceptives, but in the other countries there is an appreciable amount. Variations in the reasons given by selected socioeconomic and demographic characteristics of the respondents are examined. Among these characteristics, age of the women, number of living children, and ever use of family planning methods are generally the most powerful discriminators of the main reason for nonuse. PMID- 6538707 TI - Endocrine effects of tamoxifen in postmenopausal breast cancer patients. AB - The effects of tamoxifen on plasma concentration of gonadotropins, prolactin (PRL), estrone (E1), estradiol-17 beta (E2), and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) were studied in 40 postmenopausal breast cancer patients. In addition, the changes induced by the drug on endometrium and vaginal epithelium were investigated. After 6-8 weeks of tamoxifen treatment, a significant decrease in FSH, LH and PRL basal levels was observed, whereas the concentrations of E1 and E2 were not significantly affected. A significant increase in SHBG levels was induced by prolonged treatment with the drug. In addition, tamoxifen caused a partial estrogenization of vaginal smears, and a weak stimulatory effect on endometrium was also apparent. These findings indicate that tamoxifen produced agonistic effects on some targets and antagonistic effects on the others. PMID- 6538708 TI - Cis-diamminedichloroplatinum activity in bidimensionally measurable metastatic lesions of bladder carcinoma. AB - Cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (CDDP) was administered i.v., at the dosage of 20 mg/m2 for 5 consecutive days and recycled every 3 weeks, to 11 patients with bidimensionally measurable metastatic lesions from bladder cancer previously untreated with antineoplastic drugs. Eight patients (6 men and 2 women) were evaluated for clinical response and 9 for toxicity. No complete regression was observed, and partial regression was obtained only in 3 patients (37.5%). Severe leukopenia and thrombocytopenia occurred only occasionally; moderate nausea and vomiting were observed in 5 cases. Nephrotoxicity was noted in 4 of the 9 patients evaluable for toxicity, and 2 of them, with ureteral obstruction, died of renal failure. PMID- 6538709 TI - Chondromyxoid fibroma of the iliac bone: a case report with ultrastructural observations. AB - Ultrastructural findings in an unusual case of chondromyxoid fibroma are reported. The tumor was located in the iliac bone of a 42-year-old woman with left hip pain of 5 years duration. PMID- 6538710 TI - Modified Pereyra bladder neck suspension after previously failed anti incontinence surgery. Surgical technique and results with long-term follow-up. AB - Fifty-four female patients with persistent or recurrent stress urinary incontinence who underwent between 1 and 9 previously unsuccessful operative procedures were treated with transvaginal mobilization of the urethra and anterior vaginal wall with subsequent modified Pereyra bladder neck suspension. The important points of this technique are reviewed. With minimum follow-up of twenty-four months, a 94 per cent cure rate was achieved with minimal morbidity in this difficult group of patients. PMID- 6538711 TI - Initial observations and problems with in vitro predictive assay in genitourinary malignancies. AB - Recently, techniques have been developed that allow in vitro growth and chemosensitivity testing of human malignancies. We report our initial experience with the clonogenic, or colony-forming, assay as applied to genitourinary malignancies. Over the past two years, 172 specimens of genitourinary tumors were sent for assay. Thirty-three per cent were not plated, either because of insufficient quantity of cells obtained in the sample or because of the low viability percentage as determined by trypan blue exclusion. Forty-seven per cent showed adequate growth for chemosensitivity testing whereas 20 per cent of the samples showed inadequate growth. A major problem was obtaining adequate numbers of viable cells. Several other problems make it difficult to draw clinical correlations from in vitro findings. The method appears promising for several potential applications, but further studies will be needed before the final utility of the methods is defined. PMID- 6538712 TI - Cisplatin as adjunctive treatment for invasive bladder carcinoma: tolerance and toxicities. PMID- 6538713 TI - Systemic chemotherapy of murine bladder cancer. PMID- 6538714 TI - [Use of the helium-neon laser in the treatment of crural varicose ulcers]. AB - Results of the laser therapy of varicose ulcers of the crus in 45 patients were analyzed. The laser therapy is considered by the author to favourably influence the healing of the ulcers, to reduce pain, edema and skin hyperemia. PMID- 6538715 TI - Disseminated basidiobolomycosis in a dog. PMID- 6538716 TI - Cutaneous zygomycosis in rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta). PMID- 6538717 TI - An unusual case of generalized ceroid-lipofuscinosis in a cynomolgus monkey. AB - Histologic, histochemical, and electron microscopic studies of generalized ceroid lipofuscinosis in a cynomolgus monkey are presented. Histologically, a wide variety of tissue cells contained numerous bright eosinophilic intracytoplasmic granules that varied in size from 0.5 micron to 4.0 microns in diameter. Histochemically, the granules gave a weakly positive reaction with periodic acid Schiff and for lipids. They were weakly acid fast and capable of emitting autofluorescence. Ultrastructurally, the granules were single unit membrane bound, and contained dense osmiophilic material with frequent concentric or fingerprint-type lamellar formation. The granules were different than hemofuscin, iron, and bilirubin. Tinctorially the granules were unique--they were bright red with hematoxylin and eosin and, thus, differed from typical age-related lipofuscin pigment. PMID- 6538718 TI - The effects of Eimeria acervulina infection on the metabolism of chick duodenal tissue. AB - Broiler chicks, 2--3 weeks old were infected with eimeria acervulina, and the metabolism and ultrastructure of the infected duodenal tissue were studied during the period 3--14 days after inoculation (DAI). Between 4 and 5 DAI duodenal rings showed an increase in C-1/C-6 ratios of CO2 evolved from glucose as well as decreases in the rates of oxidation of glucose and octanoic acid. Between 4--7 DAI mitochondria from infected epithelial layers had reduced rates of octanoic acid and alpha-ketoglutaric acid oxidation as compared to controls. Electron microscopic observations confirmed the biochemical findings. At 5--6 DAI mitochondria in many uninfected cells were progressively swollen and then vacuolated as the cristae appeared to break down. Mitochondria in cells which contained parasites did not show these changes. PMID- 6538719 TI - Serum and abomasal antibody response of sheep to infections with Haemonchus contortus. AB - Serum and abomasal IgA, IgG and IgM antibody response against adult worm, L3 and egg antigens of Haemonchus contortus was monitored by the ELISA technique after one or two infections with this nematode. Following the first infection, antibody levels in serum did not change materially. After administration of a challenge dose of infective larvae, antibodies of the three immunoglobulin classes in infected animals rose slightly, but this rise appeared later than the fall in the faecal egg counts. In contrast, in abomasal mucosa, IgA anti-larval antibody levels, which did not increase materially after the primary infection, rose rapidly after a transient inhibition when sheep were challenged. A close temporal relationship was observed between the rise in local anti-worm IgA antibodies and the self-cure reaction, but antibody levels fell rapidly after worm diminution. The local antibody response was thus considered to be related to immunity of sheep to H. contortus. PMID- 6538720 TI - Survival of infective larvae of nematode parasites of cattle during drought. AB - In a study originally designed to determine the seasonal origin of the high levels of availability of nematode larvae to cattle in winter and spring, plots were serially contaminated with eggs of Ostertagia ostertagi and Cooperia oncophora by naturally-infected calves at monthly intervals from February 1980 to September 1980. The availability of infective larvae was monitored by monthly pasture sampling and larval recovery. Because of the intervention of a 15 month drought, recoveries of larvae from the pastures were very low until March 1981 (autumn in Australia) when large numbers of larvae appeared on pastures contaminated in the preceding spring. Examination of dry dung pats at that time showed that significant numbers of larvae were present in pats deposited up to a year previously, and particularly in pats deposited in May, August and September. Following the resumption of normal rainfall in May 1981, larval numbers in pats rapidly declined and concentrations of larvae on the pastures increased to extremely high levels. It is suggested that survival of infective larvae in dry dung pats was enhanced by the drought, with implications for control of nematode infections of cattle, particularly in winter rainfall environments. PMID- 6538721 TI - A comparison between the efficacy of thiabendazole and febantel on experimental trichinellosis in rats. AB - Febantel at a dose level of 5 mg kg-1 had a lethal efficacy of 54.1% against the adult worm and 69.5% against the migrating larvae of Trichinella spiralis in rats. When administered at 15 mg kg-1, it demonstrated lethal effects of 94.4, 92.5 and 74.7% against adult, young and encysted larvae, respectively. Infected rats treated with 300 mg kg-1 died. Thiabendazole had efficiencies of 96.4 and 83.3% against intestinal and migrating early muscle phases, respectively, and was 42% effective against the encysting phase. PMID- 6538722 TI - The trichostrongylid egg output during spring in feedlot cattle. AB - Larval cultures prepared from faeces collected at two-week intervals from feeder cattle originating from Michigan, Oklahoma and Kentucky, and kept in a feedlot in Michigan, were examined during the winter and spring of 1979. The animals received anthelmintic treatment shortly after entering the feedlot. The larval output, consisting mainly of Ostertagia larvae, was less than 20 larvae per g, but did show a seasonal increase during spring in the cattle originating from Kentucky and Michigan. This "spring rise" was not observed in the animals originating from Oklahoma which is thought to be related to a difference in transmission pattern of Ostertagia in the southwest as compared to the eastern and midwestern parts of the U.S.A. PMID- 6538723 TI - Studies on ticks of veterinary importance in Nigeria. XI. Observations on the biology of ticks detached from the red-flanked duiker (Cephamophys rufulatus) and parasites encountered in their blood. AB - Some aspects of the biology of Amblyomma variegatum and Boophilus decorolatus detached from red-flanked duikers were studied. Smears were also made from the blood of the duikers and examined for the presence of parasites. Anaplasma marginale was the only blood parasite found in the blood smears. Compared with ticks detached from cattle, duiker ticks produced a greater number of eggs. The lengths and breadths of eggs produced by duiker ticks were greater than those of cattle ticks and unlike A. variegatum detached from cattle, the lengths and breadths of eggs of earlier and later ovipositions of this species detached from duiker were similar. Whereas deformed eggs characterised by circular shape and small size constituted a small percentage of eggs of cattle ticks, none was found among eggs of duiker ticks. The pre oviposition, oviposition and eclosion periods, microscopic egg structure, embryonic development, hatching patterns and mortality rates of the eggs of ticks from both hosts were similar. PMID- 6538724 TI - [Assessment of myocardial contractile function in heart defect patients by apex cardiography]. PMID- 6538725 TI - [Spectrophotometric micromethod to determine L-lysine-alpha-oxidase activity]. AB - A spectrophotometric micromethod is developed for estimation of L-lysine-alpha oxidase. The method is based on measurement of hydrogen peroxide formed in enzymatic oxidation of L-lysine. Optimal conditions were developed for estimation of the enzymatic activity in the extracts of Trichoderma sp. The saturating concentration of L-lysine was 10 mM. Km values for L- and DL-lysines constituted 3.0 . 10(-3) M and 6.4 . 10(-4) M, respectively. The reaction proceeded without a latent phase and H2O2 formation versus time plot had a linear shape within 20 min. The enzyme optimal activity was found at pH 5.8-6.0. The best buffer, required for lysine oxidation in the reaction, proved to be phosphate, but not succinate, borate or glycine buffers. The method described was highly sensitive and reproducible. PMID- 6538726 TI - [Ripening processes of the uterine cervix and their significance for parturition]. AB - The uterine cervix is to be seen as a biochemical, physical and anatomic unit with a good correlation to the uterine corpus. The function of the cervix for the protection of the pregnancy depends from many biochemical processes, in which collagen has a very important role, influenced by structural and biochemical changing of the connective tissue and by the balance of biosynthesis and destruction of collagen. The controlling function of Estrogen, Progesterone and Corticoids seems to be demonstrated. Prostaglandins have a direct influence on the ripening processes of the cervix and correlation to the oxytocic influence of the uterine contraction. In clinical management and for examination of premature labour, cervical ripeness at term and post-term situations and for indicated initiation of labour we must use a cervix-score with different evaluation of its parameters as length, consistency, position and dilatation of the cervix as well as the station of the fetal head. PMID- 6538727 TI - [Value of the Hammacher score and fetal blood analysis in subpartal monitoring of the child]. AB - Although it has been documented in many studies that optimal monitoring of the fetus during labor is only achieved through a combination of cardiotocography (CTG) and fetal blood analysis, up to now no uniform guidelines exist as to when fetal blood analysis should be performed. Furthermore, there are still many obstetricians who decide on their delivery procedure entirely on the basis of CTG. We have therefore examined the question of how accurately intrauterine risk situations of the fetus can be recognized in individual cases by using the Hammacher score only from particular CTG patterns. The data from 407 patients formed the statistical basis. All these patients had been delivered between January and September 1979 at the Department of Obstetrics at the Women's Hospital in Berlin-Neukolln. In all cases, at least one fetal blood analysis had been performed on account of a suspicious CTG during the course of labor. All actual pH values were combined with the Hammacher score of the corresponding 30 min-interval, and in addition we recorded the CTG patterns seen. We observed that the CTG was at least suspicious (greater than or equal to 3 points) in 79,3%, while the fetal blood analyses performed immediately afterwards were normal in 78,1%; only in 11,7% it was reduced to 7,29-7,25 and in 10,2% it was less than or equal to 7,24 (incl. 3,9% less than or equal to 7,19). The probability that a high score was associated with a reduced pH increased from 2% at 0-2 points, to 26,3% at greater than or equal to 5 points.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6538728 TI - [Measurement of uteroplacental circulation in antihypertensive therapy with clonidine]. AB - 40 Gravidae with hypertension were treated with clonidine . Placental blood flow measurements were performed to study the effect of clonidine on uteroplacental blood flow. The results show a significant decrease of the gestosis-index and a significant improvement of placental perfusion type during medication. Therefore, clonidine is suitable for treatment of hypertension in pregnancy and has no negative effect on uteroplacental blood flow. PMID- 6538729 TI - [Congenital atrioventricular block--intrauterine diagnosis and neonatal pacemaker treatment]. AB - A complete fetal heart block was diagnosed in 29 weeks gestation by means of 2 dimensional and M-mode echocardiograms and by analyzing the combined Doppler effect of atrial and ventricular movements. Because of increasing fetal ascites and edema, Digoxin treatment is given from 31 weeks gestation until birth. 30 hours postnatal the child develops congestive heart failure which disappeared completely after pacemaker treatment. We stress the importance of early diagnosis with possibility of prenatal treatment and optimal planning of delivery in cooperation between obstetrician and pediatric cardiologist. PMID- 6538730 TI - [Couples at parturition: on the value of short preparation for the shared-birth experience]. AB - Due to the rising number of couples who experience childbirth together, a rising number of men is faced with the problem of feeling as an "intruder" to the delivery room, which traditionally was reserved to women. Therefore, many "Lamaze Groups" tried to better prepare couples for the birth situation. Since it is often difficult to carry out the commonly practiced 8-hour course, we decided to offer a "short preparation course for couples" and to evaluate, whether this program could convey strategies to cope with the emotional problems of childbirth and how this might manifest itself in individual experience. At two evenings, during two hours each, we referred and discussed the following topics: normal parturition and puerperium, rooming-in, breast-feeding and the psychological situation during this period; relaxation and labor-control exercises were practised together and all relevant rooms of the hospital were visited. In order to evaluate the efficacy of this short preparation, the following data were collected from 26 prepared and 27 unprepared couples: Couples were asked to answer the STAI X-1 state anxiety questionnaire according to Spielberger. Relevant medical data were collected from the patients records. During puerperium, a semi-standardised interview concerning the childbirth experience was carried out. Prepared (EG, n = 26) and unprepared (CG, n = 27) couples did not differ in socio-economic or marital status, parity or acceptance of pregnancy. Age was significantly higher in the TG for men as well as for women. In Spielberger's anxiety questionnaire prepared couples have lower values throughout most items, thus generally may said to be less anxious.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6538731 TI - [An intrapartal silent oscillation type in fetal Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome]. AB - A discrepancy between auscultatory findings and the cardiotachogram was caused by technical limits of the cardiotocograph. The neonatal ECG showed a Wolff Parkinson-White pattern with severe tachycardia. Some aspects of perinatal care in serious fetal and neonatal tachycardia are discussed. PMID- 6538732 TI - [Endogenous prostaglandin level in the amniotic fluid in premature labor]. AB - Radioimmunological determinations of prostaglandin (PG) levels have been performed in amniotic fluid samples from 53 patients with signs of premature labour in order to characterize the significance of the PG system for the initiation and progress of preterm deliveries compared with term deliveries. Statistically not significant slightly increased levels of both PG E- and PG F equivalents during premature labour were observed when compared with undisturbed pregnancies of the same gestational age, but never reached concentrations characteristic for term pregnancies without uterine contractions. Patients, in whom premature labour could not be prevented exhibited elevated PG levels parallel to cervical dilatation during the course of parturition remaining, however, pronounced below that detected at comparable cervical state and duration of labour during term deliveries. It is concluded that at the gestational age of preterm labour the PG producing system is still immature, rendering the PG cascade to a minor functional role than during spontaneous term labour. A prognostic value of PG determinations and indications for a causal treatment of premature labour with PG synthesis inhibitors are not supported by the present investigations. PMID- 6538733 TI - [Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Etiology, clinical picture and therapy]. PMID- 6538734 TI - [Possibilities of a differentiated approach to the treatment of patients with idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis]. PMID- 6538735 TI - [Participation of the globus pallidus in the organization of stereotyped behavior in the cat]. AB - Electrical stimulation of the globus pallidus of cats produces a stereotype behaviour like that following the injection of high doses of d,1-amphetamine. This drug enhances pallidal response. On the other hand, pallidal stimulation facilitates formation of amphetamine-induced stereotypy which weakens after bilateral destruction of the globus pallidus. Neuroleptic haloperidol in very low doses abolishes pallidal as well as amphetamine-induced stereotypy. As supposed pallidal stereotypy may be connected with the disturbance of nigro-strio-pallidal relations. PMID- 6538736 TI - [Functional state of the frontal cortex and ventromedial hypothalamus during physical overexertion and experimental neurosis in the rabbit]. AB - A change of excitability, pO2 and local cortical blood flow under a long-term maximum physical load and in conditions of experimental neurosis, was investigated in rabbits with electrodes implanted in the frontal cortex and ventromedial hypothalamus. It was found that functional activity of these structures under physical orverstrain rises as the blood flow and pO2 increase, and the excitability also increases. In experimental neurosis, a discoordination in functioning of the cortex and hypothalamus is observed. Relative stabilization of the functional state of tested structures, observed during physical overstrain, is absent in conditions of experimental neurosis. PMID- 6538737 TI - [Experimental neurosis in developing rats]. AB - An experimental neurosis was obtained in thirty, young one-month rats. To reveal age peculiarities of neurotization by the suggested method 5 adult animals were tested. It is shown that 5-7 days were needed for the deterioration of neural processes in developing rats. The neurotization of adult animals required a longer period--up to 20 days. In young animals, the experimental neurosis was elicited and developed more rapidly, with more prominent pathological reactions. Heightened sensitivity to stimuli of moderate intensity, presented in a strict cyclic rhythm of high frequency was characteristic of one-month rats. PMID- 6538738 TI - [Behavioral tactics among rats in a radial maze]. AB - The experiments were carried out on rats of Wistar (W) and Krushinsky-Molodkina (KM) lines, differing in the level of task performance in conditions of multiple choice of food sources in a 12ray radial symmetrical maze. It is shown that in the radial maze, the rats of both lines use a number of behavioural tactics. To determine the influence of changes of environmental spatial characteristics while preserving the main experimental strategy--never revisit the places of reinforcement,--on the peculiarities of tactics manifestations maze modifications were elaborated. Besides the environmental procedure was changed. Under all conditions the rats of W line solved the task. According to the situation, they either preserved former tactics or developed some new ones. The rats of KM line could not solve the task in changed conditions. In most sessions, appearance or absence of given tactics was not adequate to new conditions. The presence of the necessary tactics not always facilitated the task solving. Thus, for the realization of adequate reactions, the presence of necessary tactics is not sufficient: their "tuning" is needed depending on situation. The possibility is supposed of genetic determination of rats ability to some tactics. However, it is emphasized, that tactics are not strongly fixed, as their realization depends on environmental conditions. PMID- 6538739 TI - Interaction between "mental stress" and baroreceptor reflexes concerning effects on heart rate, mean arterial pressure and renal sympathetic activity in conscious spontaneously hypertensive rats. AB - Spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and normotensive Wistar Kyoto rats (WKY) were compared concerning the interactions between cortico-hypothalamic alerting responses and baroreflex influences on neurogenic cardiovascular control. For this purpose mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR) and renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA) were continuously recorded during night time in conscious, otherwise undisturbed rats. Baroreceptor sensitivity was assessed as percentage HR and RSNA reductions per mmHg MAP elevation when a standardized phenylephrine infusion was performed. A state of acute "mental stress" could be induced by a likewise standardized sudden blowing of air. These two opposing influences on neurogenic cardiovascular control were also experimentally superimposed in various ways and the effects on MAP, HR and RSNA followed. During "rest" RSNA was higher in SHR than in WKY and it also increased more during "mental stress". The baroreflex sensitivity was clearly reduced in SHR and WKY concerning HR reduction (0.44 +/- 0.06 vs. 0.78 +/- 0.08%/mmHg; p less than 0.01) but not so concerning RSNA, which was similar in SHR and WKY (2.6 +/- 0.2 vs. 2.9 +/- 0.4%/mmHg). If expressed (HR + 1 +/- 3%; p less than 0.025 vs. SHR and RSNA + 11% +/- 10, p less than 0.01 vs. SHR). These results) (0.10 +/- 0.02 vs. 0.06 +/- 0.01 microV/mmHg; p less than 0.12). Also single fibre recordings in anaesthetized rats showed the same principle difference between SHR and WKY.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6538740 TI - Effects of a selective thromboxane synthetase inhibitor, dazoxiben, and of acetylsalicylic acid on myocardial ischemia in patients with coronary artery disease. AB - Thromboxane A2 (TxA2) may aggravate myocardial ischemia by inducing vasoconstriction and platelet aggregation in small coronary vessels, whereas prostacyclin (PGI2) counteracts these effects. Acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) inhibits the formation of TxA2 as well as PGI2, whereas dazoxiben, a thromboxane synthetase inhibitor, reduces TxA2 formation selectively. In 25 patients with coronary artery disease, 2 identical atrial pacing stress tests were performed: before and after the administration of dazoxiben (200 mg) in 15 patients and before and after ASA (250 mg) in 10. The ischemic response, quantified by coronary sinus and aortic lactate levels and by ST depression, was significantly reduced after administration of dazoxiben (p less than 0.02) but not after ASA. Heart rate at rest, myocardial extraction of free fatty acids and the arteriovenous oxygen difference was unaffected by medication. Both drugs reduced TxB2 levels to the same extent, whereas collagen-induced aggregation was more reduced after ASA than after dazoxiben. The effect of dazoxiben on ischemia was probably a result of inhibited TxA2 and preserved PGI2 production, which increased blood flow to ischemic regions. PMID- 6538741 TI - Apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. PMID- 6538742 TI - Improvement of iron nutrition in developing countries: comparison of adding meat, soy protein, ascorbic acid, citric acid, and ferrous sulphate on iron absorption from a simple Latin American-type of meal. AB - A study in 49 subjects compared different methods for increasing the absorption of iron from a simple Latin American-type meal composed of maize, rice, and black beans. The addition of meat (75 g) increased the nonheme iron absorption from 0.17 to 0.45 mg; soy protein in an amount corresponding to the protein content of the meat increased the absorption to 0.51 mg (due to the high iron content of soy flour); cauliflower as a source of ascorbic acid (65 mg) increased the absorption to 0.58 mg, pure ascorbic acid (50 mg) to 0.41 mg, and ferrous sulphate mixed into the meal in an amount (6 mg) corresponding to the iron content of the soy flour increased the absorption to 0.64 mg. The addition of citric acid (1 g) reduced the absorption to 0.06 mg (to about one-third). We conclude that several methods are available for increasing iron absorption from a Latin American meal and that the choice of method depends on several factors, particularly cost. PMID- 6538743 TI - Diurnal variations in plasma concentrations of basic and neutral amino acids and in red cell concentrations of aspartate and glutamate: effects of dietary protein intake. AB - The effects of dietary protein content on diurnal variations in plasma concentrations of neutral and basic amino acids, and on red blood cell levels of acidic amino acids, were studied in seven normal humans. The subjects consumed, on three consecutive 3-day periods, diets containing 0, 75, or 150 g of egg protein per day; blood was collected at 4-h intervals on the 2nd and 3rd days of each diet. For each of the large neutral amino acids (LNAA; isoleucine, leucine, tyrosine, phenylalanine, methionine, valine, and tryptophan) significant correlations were observed between its plasma levels and the protein content of the diet; highest levels were noted after consumption of the 150-g protein diet, and lowest values after the O-g protein diet. For each LNAA, except tryptophan, "fed" values (ie, those at 3 PM and 7 PM) were decreased relative to "fasting" values (those at 3 AM and 7 AM) after consumption of the O-g protein-free diet, but increased after consumption of the 150-g protein diet. Threonine, serine, and proline behaved like the LNAA: in contrast, glycine and alanine rose after protein-free meals and fell with the high-protein diet. The basic amino acids, lysine, arginine, and histidine tended to respond like the LNAA to variations in dietary protein content. Red blood cell concentrations of glutamate tended to vary inversely with the protein content of the diet, while no relationship was noted between red blood cell aspartate and dietary protein content. Food-induced changes in plasma LNAA have been found to affect brain levels of amino acids that are neurotransmitter precursors, as well as the syntheses of the transmitters themselves.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6538744 TI - Dietary soybean protein and serum cholesterol. PMID- 6538745 TI - Hemophilus influenzae type b meningitis in infant rabbits. Pathogenesis and therapy. AB - A model of human Hemophilus influenzae type b meningitis was developed in infant rabbits infected intranasally. The pathogenesis and course resembled that in human beings; bacteremia was followed by meningitis with a high mortality. Pretreatment of the nasopharyngeal mucosa with 0.5% trypsin or normal saline significantly increased the rate of bacteremia. Death was age related. Intranasal challenge with type f and nontypeable H influenzae was associated with transient bacteremia. Our results suggest that factors on the respiratory tract epithelial cell surface influence colonization and infection with H influenzae type b and confirm the importance of other host and parasite factors. Intravenous aztreonam resulted in a peak CSF concentration that was 6% to 7% of the serum concentration in infected meninges but only 2% to 3% in normal meninges. Aztreonam reduced mortality in established H influenzae type b meningitis from 88% in untreated animals to 9%. PMID- 6538746 TI - Splenoportography--a reappraisal. AB - Seventy-five percutaneous splenoportographies and splenic pulp pressure measurements were performed in 70 patients. This procedure was done routinely during the preoperative investigation of patients with bleeding esophageal varices. Splenoportagraphy was also performed for evaluation of patients with portal hypertension of an obscure etiology, and for follow-up study after portosystemic shunt procedures, where the spleen had been preserved. There were no complications related to the procedure. Splenoportography is a simple and safe diagnostic tool. The information obtained is important for planning an operation to relieve portal hypertension. It may also help in the postoperative evaluation of the patency of certain types of shunt procedures. PMID- 6538747 TI - Scintigraphic and radiographic findings in Caroli's disease. AB - In recent years, noninvasive evaluation of Caroli's disease has been demonstrated by computed tomography, ultrasonography, and nuclear scintigraphy. Confirmation of Caroli's disease requires invasive procedures such as percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography or endoscopic retrograde cholangiography. All of the techniques give valuable information making it easier to diagnose Caroli's disease and to determine its extent. In addition, associated abnormalities in organs outside of the biliary system may be revealed. Two cases are presented to illustrate the radiographic and scintigraphic findings of Caroli's disease. PMID- 6538748 TI - Re: "Genetic variance of blood pressure levels in infant twins". PMID- 6538749 TI - Two successful pregnancies in a woman with chronic thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura treated by plasma infusion. AB - A 21-year-old primigravida in her 20th week of pregnancy developed TTP. She was managed with weekly or semiweekly plasma infusions and delivered a healthy 1.6 kg baby 2 weeks prior to the expected date of delivery. After delivery she continued to have active TTP with thrombocytopenia which responded repeatedly to plasma infusion though their frequency gradually decreased to about one unit every 3-4 weeks. Three years after the birth of the first child she conceived again and was easily managed with repeated plasma infusions although the frequency and amount of plasma required to prevent thrombocytopenia were increased. She delivered a normal 3.4 kg term baby after which she again had a decreased plasma requirement. This is the first report of a woman with 5 years of active TTP managed with plasma alone. She experienced two pregnancies in which both mother and infant survived. We believe that the use of plasma in the management of TTP during pregnancy will improve the survival rate of both mother and infant. At the time of second birth, the platelet count was low in the mother but normal in the baby. This suggests that the platelet depressing factor of this patient does not cross the placental barrier. PMID- 6538750 TI - Lack of age-dependent cisplatin nephrotoxicity. AB - Cisplatin nephrotoxicity was evaluated by serial pretreatment and post-treatment 24-hour creatinine clearance determinations in 43 patients who received 295 monthly infusions of 60 mg/m2 of this drug. An aggressive standard hydration protocol was used without diuretic administration. Fourteen of these patients had a single kidney. Older patients and patients with a single kidney had lower pretreatment creatinine clearances when compared with younger persons with two functioning kidneys. Older and younger patients with two kidneys had an equal, progressive, dose-related deterioration of renal function. Renal function did not decline in persons with a single kidney but did so markedly in those with two kidneys. When administered at 60 mg/m2, cisplatin dose or schedule modification is not indicated on the basis of advancing age or decreased renal function secondary to the surgical loss or total ureteral obstruction of one kidney. PMID- 6538751 TI - Exaggerated somatomedin-C response to human growth hormone infusion in patients with type II diabetes mellitus. AB - The suggestion of a role for the abnormally regulated growth hormone (GH) in the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus (DM), implicates also the somatomedins, as mediators of some of GH actions. The present study was aimed at assessing the somatomedin response to exogenous GH administration in diabetes type II (NIDDM) subjects as well as its possible relationship with the degree of control of diabetes. Twenty-two subjects (seven controls and 15 NIDDM patients), matched for sex and age, underwent human GH infusion (0.1 U/kg b.w.) over a one-hour period (time 0 to 1 hour). Total somatomedins (SMs) were measured by human placental membrane radioreceptor assay (in which all SMs crossreact) and Somatomedin-C (SM C) was determined by a specific RIA. Values were obtained from plasma samples at times 0, 1, 4, 6, and 24 hours. Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1a-c) measurements were done from blood samples obtained at time 0. The increase in SMs following GH infusion in NIDDM group was not significantly different from that of the controls. In contrast, the SM-C increase at time 6 and 24 hours were significantly higher than in controls (p less than 0.05 and p less than 0.01, respectively). No significant difference was found between SMs or SM-C response to GH infusion in patients with HbA1a-c greater than 10% vs. less than 10%. These results indicate an exaggerated and prolonged increase in SM-C synthesis following exogenous GH infusion in NIDDM subjects, apparently unrelated to the degree of control of diabetes. PMID- 6538752 TI - A new X-linked syndrome comprising progressive basal ganglion dysfunction, mental and growth retardation, external ophthalmoplegia, postnatal microcephaly and deafness. AB - We report on 4 boys (3 in one family) who have a remarkably constant syndrome of childhood-onset choreoathetosis with later spasticity, postnatal microcephaly, growth and mental retardation, apparent external ophthalmoplegia and varying degrees of deafness. The pedigrees are consistent with X-linked inheritance. The syndrome is compared and contrasted with others comprising basal ganglion dysfunction in childhood. It is concluded that clinically and genetically the condition is unique. PMID- 6538753 TI - X-linked mental retardation associated with bilateral clasp thumb anomaly. AB - We report on a family in which mental retardation is associated with a bilateral clasp-thumb anomaly (absent extensor pollicis brevis tendons). Males over 3 generations were documented to have this combination of findings and pedigree analysis strongly suggests X-linked inheritance. We are not aware of previous reports of X-linked mental retardation (XLMR) associated with this anomaly. There was no evidence of a fragile X in the 2 brothers who were studied for this abnormality. PMID- 6538754 TI - Mental retardation-clasped thumb syndrome. PMID- 6538755 TI - A new X-linked mental retardation-overgrowth syndrome. AB - We report on a family with 4 affected males in 3 generations with a previously unreported X-linked mental retardation/multiple congenital anomaly (XLMR/MCA) syndrome. The propositus was a 7-year-old Latin American moderately retarded male with: prenatal and postnatal overgrowth; short, broad upturned nose; large mouth; midline groove of tongue, lower alveolar ridge and lower lip; submucous cleft palate; supernumerary nipples; 13 ribs; Meckel's diverticulum; intestinal malrotation; coccygeal skin tag and bony appendage; hypoplastic index fingernails; postaxial polydactyly of the right hand, bilateral syndactyly of 2nd and 3rd fingers; and tibial clinodactyly of 2nd toes. His sister's son, a premature infant who died at 4 months, had nearly identical manifestations. The propositus and his nephew had normal chromosomes. A brother and son of the sister of the mother of the propositus were similarly affected and both died in the newborn period. The mother of the propositus had a large mouth, coccygeal skin tag and bony appendage, and hypoplastic index fingernails. This distinct mental retardation/multiple congenital anomaly syndrome is added to the growing list of presently known X-linked MCA/MR syndromes. PMID- 6538756 TI - The Golabi-Rosen syndrome--report of a second family. AB - Golabi and Rosen (1984) have reported on a new X-linked mental retardation/multiple congenital anomalies (XLMR/MCA) syndrome of pre- and postnatal overgrowth, characteristic "coarse" facial appearance with macrostomia, midline groove of tongue, lower alveolar ridge and lip, submucous cleft of palate, supernumerary nipples, intestinal anomalies, supernumerary pair of ribs, anomalies of sacrum and tailbone, hypoplastic index fingernails, postaxial polydactyly and other digital anomalies. This was an incompletely recessive trait with some manifestations evident in an obligatory carrier. Here we report on a second family (studied at the University of Wisconsin for over 9 years) in which 3 males born to half-sisters and their mother were affected with the Golabi-Rosen syndrome (GRS). Overgrowth was not a prominent manifestation in these affected males. Presence of cystic kidneys, peculiar skin changes and hepatomegaly make it likely that the Golabi-Rosen syndrome is an X-linked MCA/dysplasia/MR syndrome. Its metabolic basis remains unknown. It seems to be an incompletely recessive trait. PMID- 6538757 TI - Thanatophoric dysplasia of identical twins. PMID- 6538758 TI - Choriocarcinoma: blocking factor and monoclonal antibody iodine 131 imaging. AB - Postoperative iodine 131 monoclonal antibody localization in metastatic choriocarcinoma was accomplished in this study. The monoclonal antibody was prepared to male choriocarcinoma which cross reacted with gestational choriocarcinoma. The antibody was raised against whole choriocarcinoma cells and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) cross reactivity was excluded. The purified antibody was iodinated with 131I and successfully imaged BeWo choriocarcinoma transplanted in nude mice; however, imaging of choriocarcinoma in a patient was verified only after resection. It is our belief that failure to sufficiently concentrate the antibody in the tumor before operation was due to blocking factor in the serum of the patient. Blocking factor and hCG dropped postoperatively. Blocking factor activity in 15 patients with metastatic trophoblastic disease was monitored and, like hCG, was found to be a sensitive indicator of the presence of disease. Its efficacy may be in the small number of patients without hCG but with persistent disease. PMID- 6538759 TI - Route of delivery for patients with immune thrombocytopenic purpura. AB - Over the past 15 years, we managed 19 pregnancies in 18 women afflicted with immune thrombocytopenic purpura. Our policy has been to treat the mother with corticosteroids if her platelet count was below 100 X 10(9)/L and to use cesarean section only for obstetric indications; 14 patients received corticosteroids. The perinatal outcomes were intrauterine fetal death (two), neonatal death (0), and live birth (17). The methods of delivery for the 17 live-born infants were spontaneous vaginal (seven), low forceps or midforceps (five), cesarean section (five). Although seven of the live-born infants (41%) were thrombocytopenic (less than 100 X 10(9)/L), only two received therapy, and none suffered significant hemorrhagic morbidity. Maternal treatment with corticosteroids did not affect the neonatal platelet count, nor was there a correlation between maternal and neonatal platelet counts. On the basis of our experience, we think that cesarean section is not routinely indicated as the method of delivery for parturient patients with immune thrombocytopenic purpura. PMID- 6538760 TI - The use of standardized neonatal mortality ratios to assess the quality of perinatal care in Colorado. AB - Neonatal mortality in Colorado in the 3-year period 1977-1979 has been analyzed by means of standardized neonatal mortality ratios derived from birth weight specific mortality for every obstetric facility. The standardized neonatal mortality ratios adjusted for the percentage of neonatal deaths due to untreatable disorders are presented as one possible method for comparing the neonatal outcome in obstetric populations of dissimilar risk. We have suggested that facilities with adjusted standardized neonatal mortality ratios significantly above 1 are those that might benefit from an in-depth review of perinatal services. PMID- 6538761 TI - Studies on the nature of fibrillar nuclei. Distinction from viral nucleocapsid. AB - Despite sufficient evidence to the contrary, fibrillar nuclei continue to be claimed by some to represent paramyxovirus. In a review of the electron microscopic material, fibrillar nuclei were found in a variety of tissues and situations where a viral etiology is unlikely. Fibrillar nuclei were most often found in postmortem and formalin-fixed material. These nuclei were also experimentally produced in postmortem human lung with formalin fixation followed by a deionized water rinse. It is concluded that fibrillar nuclei do not represent virus, but chromatin, and it is believed that this chromatin appearance is related to cell injury and to tissue processing. It is also believed that fibrillar nuclei occur with much greater frequency than realized. These nuclei are usually ignored during examination of specimens by light and electron microscopy because these specimens are usually being selectively screened for other changes and perhaps because a clear understanding of their significance is still lacking. PMID- 6538762 TI - Prospective assessment of menstrually related mood disorders. AB - For prospective longitudinal confirmation of menstrually related mood changes, the authors selected a 100-mm visual analogue scale for twice-daily self-rating of mood. The advantages of this method are simplicity; increased compliance; ease of graphic presentation, allowing evaluation of severity and relationship to menstruation; and greater uniformity among studies of menstrually related syndromes. In a preliminary application of this measure to 20 women with self diagnosed premenstrual syndrome, eight (40%) had a mean depression rating during the week before menstruation that was 30% higher than during the week after cessation of menstruation. PMID- 6538763 TI - Asymmetry in monozygotic twins. PMID- 6538764 TI - Enzootic schistosomiasis in a Louisiana armadillo. AB - Trematode eggs compatible in characteristics with those of Heterobilharzia americana, a probable cause of human schistosomal dermatitis in the Gulf States of the U.S., were found in the cirrhotic liver and other viscera of a wild-caught armadillo in Louisiana. Although adult worms were not found, the current observation suggests a need to extend the known host range of this common schistosome parasite of carnivores and other wild animals in the South, and may have additional implications in the context of the public health importance of the armadillo. PMID- 6538765 TI - Fifty families with abdominal aortic aneurysms in two or more first-order relatives. AB - Fifty families were collected with clustering of abdominal aortic aneurysms in two or more first-order relatives. If only one gene is responsible for these patterns, it is likely to be autosomal. However, multigene mechanisms cannot be excluded. PMID- 6538766 TI - Non-hydrolysed and hydrolysed soy protein. A human immunological study. AB - Daily consumption of soy protein has increased during recent years. Twelve healthy subjects and 12 atopic patients were given 30 g non-hydrolysed soy protein (NHS) or 30 g hydrolysed soy protein (HS) daily during a 3-month period. There were no changes in the following immunological parameters: IgE with specificity for NHS or HS, IgG with specificity for NHS, crossed radioimmunoelectrophoresis with NHS and skin prick test using NHS or HS. Hypertrophy of the pancreas in rats exposed to excessive peroral intake of soy flour has been reported. In our study the size of the pancreas was measured before dosing began and at the end of the study by means of ultrasound. No change in size was shown. Daily intake of 30 g NHS and 30 g HS gave rise to gastrointestinal discomfort, while 15 g of both soy protein preparations were usually accepted. PMID- 6538767 TI - Post-column reaction detector for platinum(II) antineoplastic agents. PMID- 6538768 TI - Cellular and humoral responses of Brucella abortus-infected bovine fetuses. AB - Fifty-nine bovine fetuses naturally and experimentally infected with Brucella abortus were studied. Lymphoid hyperplasia in multiple lymph nodes, lymphoid depletion in the thymic cortex, adrenal cortical hyperplasia, and disseminated inflammatory foci composed mainly of large mononuclear leukocytes were present in infected fetuses. Histopathologic changes in naturally infected fetuses were indistinguishable from those infected fetuses inoculated in utero. Fetuses inoculated with 1.0 X 10(3) to 1.0 X 10(5) colony-forming units of strain 2308 B abortus were aborted on postinoculation day (PID) 7 to 19. Fetuses obtained by PID 9 and 10 had increased immunoglobulin concentrations and antibody. Increased cortisol values were present in fetuses obtained as early as PID 6. The initial fetal inflammatory response was composed of large mononuclear leukocytes. In fetuses obtained by PID 9 to 10, moderate numbers of neutrophils mixed with mononuclear leukocytes were present in the inflammatory foci. This shift in the initial inflammatory reaction coincided with the appearance of agglutinating antibody. PMID- 6538769 TI - Toxicity of seeds of three Aesculus spp to chicks and hamsters. AB - Seeds of horse chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum), Ohio buckeye (A glabra), and yellow buckeye (A octandra) were tested for toxicity to 2-week-old Leghorn chicks and adult female Syrian hamsters. The LD50 of the water soluble portion of alcoholic extracts of horse-chestnut seeds (for hamsters and chicks) and of dried, powdered seeds (chicks only) was determined. The LD50 for a single dose of extract from horse-chestnut seeds was 10.6 mg/g of body weight for chicks and 10.7 mg/g of body weight for hamsters. The LD50 for chicks given 2 consecutive daily doses of horse-chestnut seed was 6.5 mg/g. Toxic signs included depression, muscular incoordination, paralysis, coma, and death. Extracts of seeds of Ohio buckeye were nontoxic to chicks and hamsters when fed at 80 mg/g. One of 5 hamsters died after dosing for 5 days with 80 mg/g of extract of seeds of yellow buckeye/g. PMID- 6538770 TI - Human lung growth in late gestation and in the neonate. AB - We studied the lungs of 42 infants dying of obstetrical accidents, acute infections, and trauma, who ranged in age from 19 wk gestation to 3 wk postpartum at 42 wk gestation. The earliest lungs (19 to 20 wk gestation) had smooth-walled respiratory channels lined by cuboidal epithelium. Between 22 and 24 wk gestation with further development of the acinus, these channels took on a wavy internal configuration. After 28 wk gestation the air spaces (saccules) of the developing acinus became subdivided by secondary crests. Alveolar development began in some infants as early as 32 wk and was uniformly present by 36 wk. Respiratory bronchioles were not present in any of our cases, including those in the immediate postnatal period. Quantitative studies showed a rapid increase in lung volume and alveolar surface area beginning at about 28 wk gestation (crown-rump length, 25 cm) coinciding with increasing complexity of the saccules. Surface area, lung volume, and total number of alveoli showed an exponential relationship to gestational age and crown-rump length. Air-space wall thickness showed a rapid decline starting at 28 wk gestation and is best related exponentially to age and crown-rump length. Volume proportions of air spaces increased steadily throughout gestation. The increase in bronchial and bronchiolar air and air-space dimensions correlated relatively poorly with age, and nonparenchyma remained a relatively constant volume proportion, regardless of age.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6538771 TI - Photocoagulation of serous detachments of the retinal pigment epithelium in patients with senile macular disease. AB - Twenty-one eyes of 18 patients aged 58 to 78 years (mean: 66 years) showing serous retinal pigment epithelial detachment associated with senile macular degeneration underwent green argon laser photocoagulation and were observed from 7 to 69 months (mean: 27 months). Treatment collapsed the retinal pigment epithelial detachment in 17 eyes (81.0%). Sustained improvement in visual acuity was obtained in seven eyes (33.3%), and stabilization of visual acuity in one eye. Analysis of available data describing the natural history of this condition indicates that although photocoagulation does not reduce the incidence of choroidal neovascularization, the treatment can be beneficial. PMID- 6538772 TI - In vitro antimicrobial activity of aztreonam alone and in combination against bacterial isolates from pediatric patients. AB - We examined 134 pediatric clinical isolates of Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and gram-positive cocci for susceptibility to aztreonam alone and in combination with seven other antibiotics. All 98 gram-negative isolates were susceptible to aztreonam with similar inhibitory and bactericidal activity. Combinations of aztreonam with cefoxitin, ampicillin, or clindamycin were generally indifferent or additive. Synergism was occasionally seen against enteric organisms with aztreonam plus cefoxitin or clindamycin. Combinations of tobramycin and aztreonam were synergistic (62%) against P. aeruginosa; aztreonam plus piperacillin or ticarcillin was additive. Aztreonam did not affect the activity of nafcillin against Staphylococcus aureus, or of ampicillin against species of Streptococcus group B or D. Antagonism was seen only with aztreonam plus cefoxitin against Enterobacter species, but not at clinically significant concentrations. Several combinations of antibiotics with aztreonam should be appropriate for initial therapy of infections in children without major risks of antibacterial antagonism. PMID- 6538773 TI - In vitro activity of aztreonam in combination with newer beta-lactams and amikacin against multiply resistant gram-negative bacilli. AB - The in vitro synergistic activity of aztreonam in combination with piperacillin, moxalactam, cefotaxime, cefoperazone, and amikacin was examined against multiply resistant isolates of the family Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Aztreonam in combination with amikacin demonstrated synergy against 71% of the isolates, whereas combinations of aztreonam plus a second beta-lactam demonstrated synergy against 42% of the isolates. PMID- 6538774 TI - Ecology of pathogenic yeasts in Amazonian soil. AB - In an investigation of Amazonian soil as a natural reservoir for pathogenic fungi, 1,949 soil samples collected from diverse geographical and ecological settings of the Brazilian Amazon Basin were analyzed for the presence of non keratinophilic fungi by the indirect mouse inoculation procedure and for the presence of keratinophilic fungi by the hair bait technique. All soil samples were acidic with low pH values. From 12% of the soil samples, 241 yeast and yeastlike isolates pertaining to six genera and 82 species were recovered, of which 63% were Torulopsis and 26% were Candida species. Nine fungi with known pathogenic potentials were encountered among 43% (104) of the isolates: T. glabrata, C. guilliermondii, C. albicans, C. pseudotropicalis, C. stellatoidea, C. tropicalis, Rhodotorula rubra, and Wangiella dermatitidis. The yeast flora was marked by species diversity, low frequency of each species, random geographical distribution, and an apparent lack of species clustering. The composition and distribution of the yeast flora in soil differed from those of the yeast flora harbored by bats, suggesting that the Amazonian external environment and internal bat organs act as independent natural habitats for yeasts. PMID- 6538775 TI - [The role of actin alteration in the neoplastic transformation]. AB - Alteration of cell shape, motility and membrane fluidity which result in the disorganized cell arrangement and orientation, uncontrolled cell growth, and abnormal response to the environment have been considered one of the most striking and universal phenotypes characteristics of neoplastic cells. Cytoplasmic actins, i.e., beta-and gamma-actin, are the major molecules of the cytoskeleton whose function is involved in maintaining and controlling cell morphology, motility and membrane fluidity. In fact, most transformed cells show abnormal and disorganized structure of actin cable network. Thus, it is conceivable that alteration of structure and function of actin or microfilament may lead the cells to express the transformed phenotypes. A new polypeptide recognized in a chemically transformed human fibroblast line was identified as a variant form of actin. mRNA coding for the variant actin was detected only in this particular transformed line. The size and cross-hybridizability with dictyostelium actin cDNA of mRNA coding for the variant actin and complete amino acid sequence of the variant actin indicate that the new variant actin is a mutated beta-actin. Only a single amino acid (glycine) at the position of 245 was substituted by aspartic acid. This substitution corresponds to a GC----AT transition, a point mutation. On the other hand, the highly malignant cell variant was isolated from the transformed line. The mutated beta-actin was further altered in this highly malignant subclone. This further altered mutant beta-actin showed more negative charge, rapid synthetic ratio, and short halflife in the cells. The incorporation of the mutated beta-actin into cytoskeleton was significantly reduced. A hypothesis on the role of alteration of actin and microfilament in oncogenic transformation is proposed. PMID- 6538776 TI - Impact of improved perinatal care on the causes of death. AB - A total of 440 perinatal deaths occurring in a maternity hospital over a 6 year period have been analysed clinically and pathologically. The decline in mortality could be attributed to a reduction in asphyxial deaths, lethal malformations, and macerated stillbirths. The establishment of a neonatal intensive care unit seemed to have been more successful in combating birth asphyxia than respiratory distress syndrome. Although the greatest reduction in perinatal mortality was in babies with birthweights between 1 and 1.5 kg, there was no decline in the deaths from hyaline membrane disease or intraventricular haemorrhage, or both. The most striking change was the drop in asphyxia as a cause of perinatal death which was independent of birth trauma. Earlier diagnosis of fetal distress with obstetric intervention and the establishment of the intensive care unit were seen as the main factors in this change, and their mutual dependence and evolution are emphasised. PMID- 6538777 TI - Genetic and cytogenetic effects of Fenitrothion. AB - Male mice (Q strain) were injected intraperitoneally with a high dose (i.e., 1 g/kg) of the organophosphorus insecticide Fenitrothion. No increase in the percentage of chromosome aberrations was observed in bone marrow cells and spermatogonia. A dominant lethal mutation assay did not show any enhancement of fetal mortality before or after implantation. PMID- 6538778 TI - Effects of taurine on tolerance to and dependence on morphine in mice. AB - The effects of taurine on the analgesic response to morphine, on the intensity of tolerance and on physical dependence were examined. Taurine induced a hyperalgesic state and attenuated morphine analgesia in mice. The hyperalgesia was maximal at a dose level of 1.5 mg/kg i.p., while the effects of higher doses (6.0 and 10.0 mg/kg) were masked by a depression of the animals' gross behavior. Taurine induced a dose related antagonism of morphine tolerance. The amino acid administered 30 min before naloxone, produced a partial reduction in the abstinence signs in the chronically treated mice. Taurine also attenuated the abstinence behavior when administered during the course of dependence. The results are consistent with taurine antagonism to the known effects of morphine on intracellular calcium disposition in nervous tissue. PMID- 6538779 TI - Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. PMID- 6538780 TI - Sophorose induction of an intracellular b-glucosidase in Trichoderma. AB - The disaccharide sophorose induces Trichoderma to increase a soluble intracellular b-glucosidase that hydrolyses cellobiose, sophorose, and p nitrophenyl-b-D-glucopyranoside. Simultaneously, it depresses the activity of a similar insoluble enzyme that is associated with the mycelium. Gel electrophoresis indicates that a single enzyme is responsible for all the soluble intracellular b-glucosidase activity. Cycloheximide severely inhibits sophorose induction of this enzyme indicating that the increase in activity normally obtained with sophorose is due to the de novo formation of the enzyme. The same sugars that promote the formation and release of cellulase by Trichoderma induce an increase in the soluble intracellular b-glucosidase. A function of the soluble intracellular enzyme appears to be the hydrolysis of cellobiose, which would otherwise accumulate during cellulose degradation, and thus to prevent cellobiose inhibition of cellulase. PMID- 6538781 TI - Multimodality approach to treatment of carcinoma of the esophagus. AB - We conducted a combined treatment pilot project in 17 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the thoracic esophagus. Thirteen of the patients initially had stage I or II disease, and four had stage III disease. Each patient received three cycles of chemotherapy consisting of a high dose of cisplatin (100 mg/sq m), followed by continuous infusion of fluorouracil (1,000 mg/sq m/day for five days). Thirteen patients had a favorable response to the chemotherapy, and ten of the 11 responding patients with stage I or II disease were offered surgical resection. Total thoracic esophagectomies and cervical gastroesophagostomies were done in the six patients who accepted the surgical recommendation. Pathologically, five patients had stage I disease, and one had stage III disease (even in this patient the local tumor was confined within the wall of the esophagus). All six patients were alive, without evidence of disease, four to 34 months after diagnosis. Two patients with stage II disease had tumor progression, as did two of the four patients with stage III disease. Three of the nonresponding patients died of their disease two to seven months after diagnosis. The eight remaining patients, three of whom received irradiation after chemotherapy, were alive, but with evidence of persistent disease, one to seven months after entrance into the study. PMID- 6538782 TI - [Skeletal growth and aging parameters due to heredity at different stages of ontogeny]. AB - Two hundred and twenty twins of Ukrainian ethnic group have been examined (89 monozygotic (MZ) and 131 dizygotic (DZ) pairs) during peripubertal (42 MZ and 69 DZ) and mature (47 MZ and 69 DZ) age periods. Of them: 94 are male pairs (31 MZ and 62 DZ) and 126 female (58 MZ and 68 DZ) pairs. The program including 16 anthropometric, 48 osteometric and 8 osteoscopic signs has been performed according to the recommendations suggested by D. G. Rokhlin (1936), V. V. Bunak (1941) and B. A. Nikityuk (1968). The hereditary influence on the longitudinal anthropometric signs decreases in mature age with a simultaneous increase of these influences on weight parameters and transversal dimensions of the trunk. Transition from the peripubertal to the mature age is characterised by a decrease of genetic effects on highly-hereditable osteometric signs and an increasing effect of heredity on the skeletal ageing signs. The degree of hereditarily dependent skeletal ageing is higher in the I mature than in the II mature age, and in the female it is higher than in the male group. PMID- 6538784 TI - Spontaneous course of secretory otitis and changes of the eardrum. AB - In 222 nonselected, otherwise healthy children, seven repetitive tympanometric screenings were performed from ages 4 to 7 years. At the last three screenings, otomicroscopy was performed and the changes of the eardrum were analyzed. At age five years 24%, at age six years 37%, and at age seven years 39% of all 444 ears had changes of the eardrum, either attic retractions of varying degrees, atrophy, and/or tympanosclerosis of the pars tensa. There was a notable correlation between eardrum abnormality, the tympanometric profile, and the frequency of acute otitis media. Some unstability of the eardrum abnormality occurred over the years, especially of attic retractions and tympanosclerosis. Treatment, especially by grommets, probably cannot prevent eardrum abnormality. PMID- 6538783 TI - Rheumatoid factor in otitis media with effusion. AB - Because of the pathologic similarities between rheumatoid arthritis and otitis media with effusion (OME), rheumatoid factor (RF) was measured in 156 human middle ear effusion (MEE) and serum samples from patients with chronic OME. Using a quantitative latex agglutination test, we were able to demonstrate RF in the MEEs of 85% of patients with OME. Demonstrable RF titers were found in only 8% of the patients' serum samples. The titers of mucoid MEE samples were seven times higher than those observed in serous MEE samples. The presence of RF was not related to the age of the patient, the presence of viable bacteria in the MEEs, or history of OME. PMID- 6538785 TI - A developmental genetic analysis of locomotor activity in mice: maternal effects in the BALB/c and C57BL/6 strains and heredity in F1 hybrids. PMID- 6538786 TI - Taste-aversion retention: an animal experiment with implications for consummatory aversion alcoholism treatments. PMID- 6538788 TI - Comparative vasoactive effects of native and synthetic atrial natriuretic factor (ANF). AB - The presence of a natriuretic factor in mammals atria has been confirmed by many laboratories. In addition to its natriuretic and diuretic activities, atrial preparation of uncertain degree of purification are known to contain a vasoactive substance. By the use of pure atrial natriuretic factor of known amino acid sequence and its synthetic homologue we have presented strong evidences suggesting that natriuretic and vasoactive activities are indeed mediated by the same peptide. As this peptide has not yet been detected in the circulation, its actual physiological relevance remains to be elucidated. PMID- 6538787 TI - Rat atrial natriuretic factor: complete amino acid sequence and disulfide linkage essential for biological activity. AB - The complete amino acid sequence of an atrial natriuretic peptide from rat possessing both natriuretic and smooth muscle relaxant activity has been determined. The peptide has the structure (sequence in text) and a calculated molecular weight of 2,706. The ring structure formed by the disulfide linkage between the two half-cystine residues was found essential for both the natriuretic activity and smooth muscle relaxant activity. The purified peptide caused 50% relaxation of norepinephrine (5 X 10(-8)M) induced contraction of rabbit thoracic aorta at the concentration of 2 X 10(-9)M and complete relaxation at 6 X 10(-9)M. PMID- 6538789 TI - Identification of two intestinal vitamin D-dependent calcium-binding proteins in the X-linked hypophosphataemic mouse. AB - Two vitamin D-dependent calcium binding proteins (CaBP) of molecular weight approximately 10,000 and 30,000 daltons have been identified in the intestinal mucosal cell cytosol of genetically hypophosphataemic (Hyp) male mice and their normal littermates. Similar amounts of vitamin D-dependent CaBP were found in the two groups of animals. The possible significance of this observation is discussed. PMID- 6538790 TI - Growth-rate-related and hydroxysterol-induced changes in membrane fluidity of cultured hepatoma cells: correlation with 3-hydroxy-3-methyl glutaryl CoA reductase activity. AB - 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (EC 1.1.1.3.4.) activity and cell membrane fluidity measured by fluorescence polarization using 1,6 diphenyl, 1,3,5 hexatriene as fluorescent probe have been concomitantly examined in HTC hepatoma cells, both in relation to growth rate and in response to treatment with hydroxylated sterols. A high level of HMG-CoA reductase activity was observed in cells at log phase of growth which progressively decreased to reach a sustained low level at stationary phase. Similarly, membrane fluidity markedly decreased in relation to growth rate. Hydroxylated sterols such as 7 beta-hydroxycholesterol or 25-hydroxycholesterol strongly inhibited HMG-CoA reductase activity whereas a water-soluble derivative of 7 beta-hydroxycholesterol sodium 3,7-bishemisuccinate had no effect. Within the same range of concentrations 7 beta-hydroxycholesterol and 25-hydroxycholesterol strongly decreased membrane fluidity when the water soluble derivative was ineffective. Thus, the present results provide evidence for a correlation between the two tested parameters and suggest a dependency of HMG-CoA reductase activity on cell membrane fluidity. PMID- 6538791 TI - Trypanocidal and antitumour activity of platinum-metal and platinum-metal-drug dual-function complexes. AB - A number of antitumour platinum-metal complexes related to cis-platin showed trypanocidal activity against Trypanosoma rhodesiense in vitro but not in vivo. New platinum- and rhodium-metal complexes of diamidine and plenanthridinium trypanocides are described which showed higher therapeutic indices than the parent drugs, due to increased activity in the former drug type and decreased toxicity in the latter. Some evidence of potentiation of antitumour activity was noted in these drug complexes. At the ultrastructural level, complex-treated trypanosomes showed a number of nuclear effects and other lesions specifically attributable to platinum-metal action. Some of the lesions were similar to those induced by cis-platin in tumour cells. PMID- 6538793 TI - Identification of the plasminogen activator secreted by human fibroblasts. AB - Plasminogen activator was partially purified from cultured human fibroblasts. The enzyme binds to fibrin, has a molecular weight of 68,000 and is antigenically identical to human uterine tissue plasminogen activator. PMID- 6538792 TI - [Hematochemical parameters in sheep and goats of Sardinian breeds. I) Electrophoretic picture of plasma proteins]. AB - It has been studied the electrophoretic picture of plasma proteins of lactating and dry sheep and goats of Sardinian-breed. The values of the single fractions obtained for the four different groups of subjects have been compared with the "t of Student". The statistically significant differences between values of albumin and gammaglobulin fractions obtained comparing sheep and goats can probably derive from genetic factors. In general significant differences in values of several fractions associated with lactation have not been noticed. PMID- 6538794 TI - Platelet antigens in chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. AB - IgG produced by splenic cells from five patients with chronic immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) and from four control subjects was radiolabelled and incubated with target platelets. Eluates from these platelets were incubated with solubilized proteins from the same platelets immobilized on nitrocellulose paper. After washing, putative antigens were localized by autoradiography. Positive results were obtained in three of the five ITP patients; in two patients three radiolabelled bands of high molecular weight were noted (greater than 200 000) and in the third patient two different bands (molecular weight 140 000 and 105 000) were seen. Control studies were negative. These studies show that patients with chronic ITP produce antibody reactive with antigens associated with human platelet proteins and that the antigenic pattern differs between patients. PMID- 6538795 TI - Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura in pregnancy with maternal survival. Case report. PMID- 6538796 TI - Urethrocliesis--a simple cure for stress incontinence. PMID- 6538797 TI - Short-term effect of slit-lamp illumination and argon laser light on visual function of diabetic and non-diabetic subjects. AB - Visual acuity, colour vision, and contrast sensitivity of diabetic and non diabetic subjects were measured before, 20 minutes after, and 24 hours after exposure to slit-lamp illumination either alone or during argon laser photocoagulation. In some instances a significant deterioration of these visual functions was noted when the tests were repeated 20 minutes after light exposure, but by 24 hours after light exposure visual function of all groups had returned to pre-exposure levels. The visual acuity was the most systematically affected by the procedure; there were wide interindividual differences in the changes observed in the other tests. PMID- 6538798 TI - Properties of a novel oligonucleotide-releasing bidirectional DNA exonuclease from mouse myeloma. AB - Highly purified, but not homogeneous, samples of helix-destabilizing protein 1 from mouse myeloma contain a novel oligonucleotide-releasing DNA exonuclease. This enzyme was separated from helix-destabilizing protein 1 and obtained in highly purified form. A polypeptide of Mr 41 000 is a main constituent of the purified enzyme, and this polypeptide comigrated with the exonuclease activity during the final step of the purification, Sephacryl S-200 gel filtration where the enzyme had a native Mr of 40 000. Overall purification of enzyme activity was greater than 20 000-fold. This exonuclease releases 5'-oligonucleotides in a limited processive manner in both the 5'----3' and 3'----5' directions. Activity of the enzyme is resistant to 1 mM N-ethylmaleimide, requires a divalent cation, has an alkaline pH optimum, and degrades single-stranded DNA much faster than double-stranded DNA or RNA. The predominant oligonucleotide product with uniformly labeled substrates is (pdN)2. With 3' end labeled substrates, greater than 95% of the labeled products are (pdN)4 and (pdN)5; with 5' end labeled substrates, the main labeled product is (pdA)2. The rate of product release from 3' and 5' end labeled substrates is nearly identical at 37 degrees C. A model of the action of this enzyme and a comparison with a human placenta exonuclease [Doniger, J., & Grossman, L. (1976) J. Biol. Chem. 251, 4579-4587] are discussed. PMID- 6538799 TI - Metabolism of 5(6)-expoxyeicosatrienoic acid by ram seminal vesicles. Formation of novel prostaglandin E1 metabolites. AB - 5(6)-Epoxy-8,11,14-eicosatrienoic acid was incubated with microsomes or ram seminal vesicles in the presence of glutathione (1 mM) for 2 min at 37 degrees C. Following extractive isolation on octadecasilane silica, the products were purified on straight-phase HPLC and separated into three major polar metabolites, which all showed maximal ultraviolet absorbance at 278 nm after treatment with alkali. The least-polar of the three metabolites was identified by capillary column gas chromatography-mass spectrometry as 5(6)- epoxyprostaglandin E1 and the structure was confirmed by comparison with authentic material. The most-polar metabolite was identified as 5,6- dihydroxyprostaglandin E1, while the metabolite of medium polarity was identified as its delta 5-lactone. When glutathione was omitted, 5-hydroxyprostaglandin I 1 alpha and 5-hydroxyprostaglandin I 1 beta were previously identified as the two major metabolites. These results indicate that the postulated epoxyprostaglandin endoperoxide intermediates, 5(6)- epoxyprostaglandin G1 and 5(6)- epoxyprostaglandin H1, might be substrates for the endoperoxide E isomerase enzyme, since this enzyme requires glutathione as a cofactor. PMID- 6538800 TI - The effects of phencyclidine on spontaneous aggressive behavior in the rat. AB - Phencyclidine induced dose-related alterations in the pattern of spontaneous aggressive behavior in pairs of rats, in which only one animal of each pair was drug-treated. At the lowest dose tested (0.25 mg/kg, sc), phencyclidine produced attacks by the drug-treated animal and a corresponding increase in submissive behavior by the untreated partner, as well as an increase in boxing behavior by both animals. In contrast, the highest dose of phencyclidine tested (1.0 mg/kg, sc) elicited attacks and allogrooming by the untreated animal. The low dose effect is interpreted as the result of phencyclidine-induced distortion in perception of social cues, while the high dose effect may be due to a general disruption in social communication by ataxia in the phencyclidine-treated animal. PMID- 6538801 TI - Interaction of poly(I).poly(C) with trans-dichloro-diammine-platinum(II). PMID- 6538802 TI - Proton-NMR study of the interaction of trans-dichloro-diamine-platinum(II) with poly(I) and poly(I).poly(C). PMID- 6538803 TI - Interaction of poly(I) and poly(I).poly(C) with chlorodiethylenetriamino platinum(II) chloride. PMID- 6538804 TI - Psychiatric aspects of shoplifting. PMID- 6538806 TI - Diagnosing premenstrual syndrome. PMID- 6538805 TI - Effect of heat-stable enterotoxin of Escherichia coli and theophylline on ion transport in porcine small intestine. AB - The effect of a heat-stable enterotoxin of Escherichia coli was compared with that of theophylline on ion transport in the pig jejunum, using both in vivo and in vitro techniques. The maximal electrical response to heat-stable enterotoxin was only one-half that of theophylline even though the magnitude of the net secretory response was similar. A net, active secretion of HCO3 was partially responsible for the secretory response induced by heat-stable enterotoxin, whereas theophylline induced an active secretion of chlorine which could account for the entire secretory response. Heat-stable enterotoxin elevated tissue cyclic guanosine monophosphate levels, whereas theophylline elevated both cyclic adenosine monophosphate and cyclic guanosine monophosphate. Cyclic guanosine monophosphate levels induced by heat-stable enterotoxin were markedly potentiated by theophylline. Results suggest that HCO3 secretion in the pig jejunum may be controlled by the cyclic guanosine monophosphate system and this system also activates a neutral secretory process which at high heat-stable enterotoxin doses accounts for the bulk of the net secretion observed. Conversely, the chlorine secretion elicited by theophylline is entirely electrogenic and is consistent with results obtained in other species. PMID- 6538807 TI - Effect of taurocholic acid feeding on methyl-nitro-N-nitroso-guanidine induced gastric tumors. AB - Bile reflux is generally accepted as a causative factor of gastric cancer after partial gastrectomy. The present study was designed to evaluate the promotion, by the per oral administration of taurocholic acid, of methyl-N-nitro-N' nitrosoguanidine (MNNG)-induced gastric carcinogenesis. MNNG (83 mg/l) was given in the drinking water to half the male Wistar rats during 12 weeks while the other half served as controls. After this treatment half of the MNNG-treated animals and half of the controls were placed under a diet containing 0.2% of taurocholic acid while the other animals received the standard diet. At the 40th week after initiation of MNNG, surviving animals were killed. Their stomachs and their duodenums were observed for macro and microscopic examination. Macroscopically there were 7 animals bearing gastric tumors in the MNNG group and 15 in the MNNG + bile group (P less than 0.05). Microscopically there were 7 animals with severe antral dysplasia in the MNNG group, 7 rats with fundic dysplasia and 18 with severe antral dysplasia in the MNNG + bile group. Both groups developed an identical number of duodenal tumors which were invasive adenocarcinomas or angiosarcomas. In this experiment taurocholic acid significantly promoted gastric carcinogenesis. It is postulated that surgical techniques inducing duodenal reflux in the stomach may produced a 'high risk' group of patients in which a long and careful follow-up is required. PMID- 6538808 TI - Induction and repair of DNA cross-links in chinese hamster ovary cells treated with various platinum coordination compounds in relation to platinum binding to DNA, cytotoxicity, mutagenicity, and antitumor activity. AB - Several effects of four diamminechloroplatinum compounds (II and IV) in Chinese hamster ovary cells were studied. The two cis-compounds [cis diamminedichloroplatinum(II) and cis-diamminetetrachloroplatinum(IV)] are known to possess antitumor activity, whereas the two trans-stereoisomers [trans diamminedichloroplatinum(II) and trans-diamminetetrachloroplatinum(IV)] are inactive. When the effects of the cis-and trans-platinum compounds were compared after treatments that resulted in the binding of equal amounts of platinum to the DNA of the cells, the following differences were found: (a) the cis-platinum adducts gave a much higher cytotoxicity; (b) only the cis-platinum-DNA complexes were strongly mutagenic (forward mutations at the hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase locus); (c) the cis-platinum adducts induced more sister chromatid exchanges; (d) the cis compounds initially induced fewer DNA protein cross-links (Factors 5 to 8), but these cis-platinum cross-links were much more persistent; (e) for both cis complexes, the amount of DNA interstrand cross-links passed through a maximum between 6 and 12 hr after treatment, and the cross-links were repaired slowly. One trans-compound [trans diamminetetrachloroplatinum(IV)] resembled the cis complexes with respect to the overall kinetics of formation and disappearance of this type of lesion, but the repair went faster. For the other trans compound [trans diamminedichloroplatinum(II)], the highest number of cross-links was detected directly after the treatment of the cells, and they were rapidly eliminated. Neither the number of platinum-DNA lesions as such nor the initial amount of DNA interstrand cross-links could be related to the (geno)toxic effects of the compounds. However, as the slow repair of the cis-platinum-induced interstrand and DNA-protein cross-links leads to a certain persistency of these adducts, the unrepaired lesions might be responsible for cytotoxicity, mutagenicity, and antitumor activity. This indicates discriminating properties of the repair systems for certain cis-or trans-platinum-DNA adducts. The sister chromatid exchange induction seems to be related to the persistent DNA interstrand cross links. PMID- 6538809 TI - Abnormal deoxyuridine suppression as a rapid predictor for antimetabolite chemosensitivity: correlation with in vitro tests of growth inhibition. AB - The deoxyuridine (dU) suppression test, which estimates the activity of the de novo pathway to DNA synthesis from dU, was evaluated as a predictor of antimetabolite growth inhibition. Observations of growth inhibition were made using flask cell culture and soft agar clonogenic assay and correlated with results of the rapidly performed dU suppression test in human (SK-L7) leukemia cells, in methotrexate-sensitive and -resistant murine (L1210) leukemia cells, and in human tumor explants. The concentration of methotrexate resulting in a positive dU suppression test was closely correlated with the methotrexate concentrations required for growth inhibition in flask and soft agar culture systems. The fact that the dU suppression test can be rapidly interpreted in 4 hours compared to the longer period required for clonogenic assay suggests that further evaluation of this procedure as a rapid predictor for clinical antimetabolite response is warranted. PMID- 6538810 TI - Cisplatin-induced autonomic neuropathy. AB - A 57-year-old man with bronchogenic squamous cell carcinoma developed an autonomic neuropathy following treatment with a chemotherapy combination which included cisplatin. The autonomic neuropathy resolved following discontinuation of the cisplatin and treatment with dextroamphetamine. The following case represents a patient with bronchogenic carcinoma treated with cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and cisplatin, who developed a severe autonomic neuropathy following chemotherapy administration. This is the first report of cisplatin-associated autonomic neuropathy to appear in the literature. PMID- 6538811 TI - Chemotherapy for advanced adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma of the lung with etoposide and cisplatin. AB - Forty-one patients with unselected advanced non-small cell lung cancer were treated with a combination of etoposide and cisplatin. A response rate of 19%, a 78-week median survival of responders, and a 36-week overall median survival were observed. PMID- 6538812 TI - Cell synchrony techniques. I. A comparison of methods. AB - Selected cell synchrony techniques, as applied to asynchronous populations of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, have been compared. Aliquots from the same culture of exponentially growing cells were synchronized using mitotic selection, mitotic selection and hydroxyurea block, centrifugal elutriation, or an EPICS V cell sorter. Sorting of cells was achieved after staining cells with Hoechst 33258. After synchronization by the various methods the relative distribution of cells in G1, S, or G2 + M phases of the cell cycle was determined by flow cytometry. Fractions of synchronized cells obtained from each method were replated and allowed to progress through a second cell cycle. Mitotic selection gave rise to relatively pure and unperturbed early G1 phase cells. While cell synchrony rapidly dispersed with time, cells progressed through the cell cycle in 12 hr. Sorting with the EPICS V on the modal G1 peak yielded a relatively pure but heterogeneous G1 population (i.e. early to late G1). Again, synchrony dispersed with time, but cell-cycle progression required 14 hr. With centrifugal elutriation, several different cell populations synchronized throughout the cell cycle could be rapidly obtained with a purity comparable to mitotic selection and cell sorting. It was concluded that, either alone or in combination with blocking agents such as hydroxyurea, elutriation and mitotic selection were both excellent methods for synchronizing CHO cells. Cell sorting exhibited limitations in sample size and time required for synchronizing CHO cells. Its major advantage would be its ability to isolate cell populations unique with respect to selected cellular parameters. PMID- 6538813 TI - Cell synchrony techniques. II. Analysis of cell progression data. AB - CHO cells which have been sorted by mitotic detachment, centrifugal elutriation and fluorescence activated cell sorting have been followed for up to 14 hr by flow cytometry to examine their progression characteristics. Mathematical modelling techniques were used to provide quantitative estimates of the cell cycle parameters. Mitotic detachment gives an 11.2-hr cycle time with mean transit times TG1, TS and TG2M equal to 3.2, 5.6 and 2.4 respectively. Cells prepared by central elutriation in an early G1 state have a 14-hr cycle time with TG1, TS and TG2M of 5.7, 6.0 and 2.3 hr. Populations prepared by centrifugal elutriation enriched in early S and late S and G2M have transit times of 2.7, 5.9 and 1.6 hr and 4.9, 6.7 and 2.1 hr with cycle times of 11.2 and 13.2 hr respectively. Cell sorting for a G1 population gives transit times of 9.8, 8.0 and 3.6 for an overall 21.4-hr cycle time. PMID- 6538814 TI - Intermediate filaments, microtubules and microfilaments in epidermis of sea urchin tube foot. AB - Tube foot epidermal cells of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus were examined by transmission electron microscopy and fluorescence microscopy to identify the chemical nature of prominent bundles of cytoplasmic filaments. Cross sections revealed filaments of roughly 7-8 nm in diameter closely packed into dense bundles. These bundles, in turn, were each surrounded by a loose sheath of microtubules. The filament size and negative reaction with the fluorescent F actin binding drug NBD-phallacidin indicated that they were not actin. Indirect immunofluorescence microscopy of whole tissues and frozen sections revealed a strong reaction of the filaments with a monoclonal antibody prepared against porcine stomach desmin. In SDS-polyacrylamide gels of whole tube foot protein, a band of apparent molecular weight around 50 000 daltons reacted with the anti desmin monoclonal antibody. The combined data provide evidence that the epidermal filament bundles are related to vertebrate intermediate filaments, but further biochemical studies will be necessary to assign them to a particular class of filament proteins. PMID- 6538815 TI - Calcium binding capacity and calcium sensitive protein content in denervated frog muscles. AB - Total and ionic calcium content, calcium binding capacity of sarcoplasmic proteins and calcium insensitive proteins were examined in atrophying leg muscles of frog after 1-5 months period of denervation. Different muscles showed different levels of atrophy and the total calcium content varied with reference to the type of muscle. Ionic calcium levels doubled in the gastrocnemius muscle after three months denervation. Calcium binding capacity of proteins and calcium insensitive proteins decreased rapidly up to four months after denervation in the gastrocnemius muscle. However no significant changes in the levels of calcium binding capacity and calcium insensitive proteins were found with reference to the type of muscle. Since total calcium content remains constant and wet muscle mass (expressed as atrophy) decreased markedly, an apparent increase in calcium concentration occurs in each muscle on denervation. PMID- 6538816 TI - Chronic paroxysmal hemicrania: severity, duration and time of occurrence of attacks. AB - A detailed clinical study of 105 CPH attacks in five patients has been carried out. Data were recorded during periods when patients were without medication and with the use of methods which were not dependent on the patients' memory of events. When overall assessments of symptoms during the study period were mild or moderate the attack frequency was from 4 to 8, mean 6.5 attacks per 24 h. However, when overall assessments of symptoms were described as severe or extremely severe the attack frequency was from 13 to 38, mean 21.8 attacks per 24 h. The mean duration of attacks was 13.3 +/- 7.6 min. No nocturnal preponderance of attacks was found. PMID- 6538817 TI - Doxorubicin affects actin assembly in vitro. AB - In vitro experiments on actin polymerization in the presence of doxorubicin show that the rate of salt-induced actin assembly is negatively affected by the drug. The decreased amount of actin monomers keeping their ability to self-interact to give F actin (microfilaments) probably explains the reduction of assembly value. Drug action is dose-dependent and various discrepancies are explained by the limitations of the techniques used. PMID- 6538818 TI - Comments on "The effects of RO-22-4679, a thromboxane synthetase inhibitor, on ventricular fibrillation induced by coronary artery occlusion in conscious dogs". PMID- 6538819 TI - SHBG pattern during the menstrual cycle. AB - The Authors evaluate the variation of Sex Hormone Binding Globulin during the menstrual cycle in 17 normal menstruating healthy women. The resulting data seem to show not significant modification in the protein serum level, in agreement with most of the reports in literature. A possible explanation might be the insufficient length of estrogen stimulation in the prolipherative phase. This might lead to hypothesize that in presence of marked impairments of sex steroid metabolism SHBG levels may vary significantly. PMID- 6538820 TI - Surgical treatment of idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis with other cardiac pathology. PMID- 6538821 TI - Sudden death in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. PMID- 6538822 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of hyperprolactinemia]. PMID- 6538823 TI - Discrete subaortic stenosis. AB - From 1971-1981, 18 patients with discrete subaortic stenosis were treated surgically at the Medical University of South Carolina. Echocardiography was diagnostic in 10 of 11 patients in whom it was used. Preoperative cardiac catheterization was performed in all patients. The preoperative left ventricular outflow systolic pressure gradient was 82.0 +/- 27.2 mmHg (mean +/- SD) (range 30 145). In 16 (88.8%) patients excision of the subaortic membrane was complete, and relief of left ventricular outflow obstruction was good. The excision was incomplete in 2 patients; one required reoperation for residual gradient and developed complete heart block, and the other had a residual gradient of 60 mmHg and was in New York Heart Association functional class II when lost to follow-up. These data suggest that complete excision of the discrete subaortic stenosis is important to achieve good relief of left ventricular outflow obstruction. PMID- 6538824 TI - Influence of pharmacokinetic diurnal variation on bioavailability estimates. AB - The effects of diurnal variation on bioavailability assessments were examined using computer-simulated data based on the changes observed in theophylline kinetics. During one 12-hour dosage interval (noon to midnight), clearance was assumed to be larger than during the other dosage interval (midnight to noon). Oral data was simulated until steady-state occurred. Intravenous bolus data, which represented a stable-isotope pulse dose, was also simulated for both the high and low clearance dosage intervals. When the respective areas under the serum concentration-time curves were compared, the systemic availability (F = AUCpo/AUCiv) during the dosage interval with the larger clearance was greater than 1.0, but during the dosage interval with the smaller clearance it was less than 1.0. When computing the bioavailability of a drug, diurnal variations should be assessed as a potential cause of variation. PMID- 6538825 TI - Colophony-induced sensitivity to Juniperus chinensis L. "Hetzii"? PMID- 6538826 TI - Effects of freezing and thawing on mammalian oocyte. AB - In an attempt to study the deleterious effects which occur during the freezing and thawing of mammalian oocytes, we developed a cryomicroscope controlled by digital programmable equipment. The program permits any cooling rate between 0.1 and 60 degrees C/min with a precision of 0.6 degrees C. Using a precooled stage, it is possible to obtain rapid cooling (100 degrees C/min). The maximum thawing rate is about 60 degrees C/min. A copper-- constantan microthermocouple allows precise measurement of the specimen temperature. All information (specimen, temperature of the specimen, date, hour, and minutes) is recorded at the same time on photographic film by a camera fitted with a " Recordata Back" and a motor drive which allows three frames per second. Our preliminary results show that: (1) rapid cooling yields a supercooling with simultaneous extra- and intracellular crystallization; (2) slow cooling with seeding at -8 degrees C gives an extracellular crystallization which is achieved by -9 degrees C, followed by an extracellular recrystallization occurring at almost -8 degrees C which alters the morphology of the oocyte and the zona pellucida, without any visible intracellular crystallization; (3) during continued slow cooling the oocytes dehydrate without any intracellular freezing; and (4) during rewarming a partial rehydration of the cell occurs with a swelling of the oocytes to their original volumes after the thawing has been achieved. PMID- 6538827 TI - Post-doctoral education for pharmacy practice faculty. AB - Post-doctoral training is becoming increasingly important as a means of preparing for faculty positions in the clinical or pharmacy practice departments of colleges of pharmacy. This article suggests that such training is the most appropriate means of providing the research skills necessary for growth in the academic environment and discusses the impact of post-doctoral programs on the individuals taking them, on the colleges of pharmacy, and on the profession as a whole. For the profession, there is seen a very positive gain as a result of high training is essential to produce the manpower needed. Some suggestions are offered for enhancing the current level of training. PMID- 6538828 TI - Ovarian adrenergic nerves play a role in maintaining preovulatory steroid secretion. AB - Little is known about the role of ovarian nerves in the control of steroid secretion. We have examined the effect of sectioning the adrenergic superior ovarian nerve (SON) on the secretion of progesterone (P), and estradiol (E2) from the ovary. The steroids were measured in blood samples collected every 4 min from the ovarian vein in the proestrous and estrous phases of the rat estrous cycle. Upon section of the nerve at 1100 h of proestrus, secretion of both steroids dropped within 4 min and remained at about 50-60% of presection values for the rest of the sampling period. At 1600 h of proestrus, systemic plasma LH was elevated and P output was markedly increased. SON section produced a transient (8 min) decrease in P levels, but E2 concentrations remained depressed. Section of the SON during estrus failed to alter the output of either steroid. SON section did not alter blood flow. It is suggested that neural impulses, possibly adrenergic, which reach the ovary via the SON contribute to the maintenance of gonadotropin-supported secretion of ovarian steroids on the day of proestrus. The results are consistent with the view that, in addition to its hormonal regulation, the ovary is directly controlled by the central nervous system (CNS) through specific neural pathways. PMID- 6538829 TI - Various coagulation techniques tested in a rabbit model. Results of morphological and endocrinological studies. AB - CO2- pelviscopies or laparotomies were performed in 370 New Zealand white rabbits and were followed by coagulation of the distal uterine horns with unipolar, bipolar, endo- or CO2-laser coagulation. After 1, 2, 4, 8 or 12 weeks laparotomy was carried out and, following macroscopic description, photo documentation and measurement of the destroyed region, the uterine horns were excised. In addition to the normal histological and electromicroscopic evaluation, 5 mu thick cryostat sections were screened for the presence of nine different enzymes. Attempts were made not only to determine the extent of the destroyed zone, but also to obtain additional information on damage to the vascular and nervous systems of the tubes and ovaries. Progesterone levels were determined in 49 New Zealand rabbits before and after stimulation with 50 I.U. HCG i.v. We were able to show that there is a definite correlation between the type of coagulation technique and the extent of the destruction zone. The average progesterone levels of the animals coagulated using the monopolar high-frequency technique, were significantly lower than the hormone levels in the endocoagulation, bipolar or control group. PMID- 6538831 TI - Aerobic capacities and blood pressure responses of five different groups in North Sumatra and Aceh at different workloads. AB - In five different groups consisting of athletes (TPG), high school students, men and women (HS), rural group (Arun), and a professional football group (Galatama), the VO2max was determined indirectly, using the cycle ergometer exercise test and Astrand's nomogram. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure was determined using a sphygnomanometer and measured after steady state was reached at each load. The aerobic capacities of the group below 20 years differ significantly between the TPG and all the other groups compared (P less than 0.01). Between the other groups there is a difference in VO2max, though significant differences were only found between the HS (men), Arun group and the HS (women) (P less than 0.01). In the group above 20 years the TPG group have the highest VO2max, and the differences when compared with the HS (men) and Arun groups were significant (P less than 0.01). In the Arun group above 30 years, though a lower values was found in the older age group, significant differences in VO2max were only found between the 30-39 years and the 40-49 years age group (P less than 0.01). Blood pressure responses to different workloads successfully confirmed the results reported by Astrand and Rodahl (1970) and Barnard et al. (1973), but no consistent relationship was found between aerobic capacities and systolic blood pressures. PMID- 6538830 TI - Evaluation of sympathoadrenal activity, adrenocortical function and androgenic status in five men during a Himalayan mountaineering expedition (ascent of Mt Pabil, 7,102 m, 23,294 ft). AB - Sympathoadrenal activity, adrenocortical function and androgenic status were studied in five well-trained mountaineers during the different phases of a mountaineering expedition during the ascent of Mt Pabil (7,102 m) in the Ganesh Himal massif. Sympathoadrenal activity was evaluated by measuring urinary excretion of adrenaline, noradrenaline, metanephrines, and vanillinmandelic acid. Adrenocortical function was assessed by measuring urinary excretion of free cortisol, 17 OHCS (17-hydroxycorticosteroids) and androgenic status by measuring testosterone glucuronide, Adiol (5 alpha-androstane-3 alpha, 17 beta diol) and 17KS (17-ketosteroids). Reference values were obtained at Chamonix at 1,037 m during rest. During trekking noradrenaline increased significantly while Adiol and 17-KS decreased. The fall in the urinary androgenic pool persisted during the next phases of the expedition. At base camp (4,800 m) noradrenaline, its metabolites and free cortisol increased mainly during physical activity. Above 6,000 m, adrenaline, noradrenaline, their metabolites, free cortisol and 17-OHCS reached a maximum value. During the return to sea level, the urinary level of these parameters was still high. The drop in the urinary androgenic pool observed during trekking and exposure to high altitude confirms results obtained in other studies on prolonged efforts. This hypoandrogenicity may play an important role in the metabolic adaptations as well as in the mental state of the climbers. The increase of sympathoadrenal activity and of adrenocortical function may be considered as a regulatory element in the adaptative response to hypoxia and other stressors proper to high altitude. PMID- 6538832 TI - Precision of ventilatory and gas exchange alterations as a predictor of the anaerobic threshold. AB - Anaerobic threshold has been defined as the oxygen uptake (VO2) at which blood lactate (La) begins to rise systematically during graded exercise (Davis et al. 1982). It has become common practice in the literature to estimate the anaerobic threshold by using ventilatory and/or gas exchange alterations. However, confusion exists as to the validity of this practice. The purpose of this study was to examine the precision with which ventilatory and gas exchange techniques for determining anaerobic threshold predicted the anaerobic threshold resolved by La criteria. The anaerobic threshold was chosen using three criteria: (1) systematic increase in blood La (ATLa), (2) systematic increase in ventilatory equivalent for O2 with no change in the ventilatory equivalent for CO2 (ATVE/VO2), and (3) non-linear increase in expired ventilation graphed as a function of VO2 (ATVE). Thirteen trained male subjects performed an incremental cycle ergometer test to exhaustion in which the load was increased by 30 W every 3 minutes. Ventilation, gas exchange measures, and blood samples for La analysis were obtained every 3rd min throughout the test. In five of the thirteen subjects tested the anaerobic threshold determined by ventilatory and gas exchange alterations did not occur at the same VO2 as the ATLa. The highest correlation between a gas exchange anaerobic threshold and ATLa was found for ATVE/VO2 and was r = 0.63 (P less than 0.05). These data provide evidence that the ATLa and ATVE do not always occur simultaneously and suggest limitations in using ventilatory or gas exchange measures to estimate the ATLa. PMID- 6538834 TI - Dehydration and serum biochemical changes in marathon runners. AB - The effects of a competitive marathon race on serum biochemical and haematological parameters have been evaluated. Blood samples were obtained shortly before and immediately after the race; urine samples were also obtained before and after the race. Body weight was recorded pre- and post-race. During the race subjects consumed a total of 1.41 of either water or a dilute glucose electrolyte solution. The average weight loss of the runners was 2.09 +/- 0.77 kg (mean +/- SD), corresponding to 2.9 +/- 0.8% of body weight. Small but significant increases in both haematocrit and haemoglobin concentration occurred; plasma volume was calculated to decrease by 4.7%. Serum potassium concentration showed no change, but the response was highly variable; serum sodium concentration increased in line with the decrease in plasma volume. In the group of subjects drinking water during the race, the pre-race plasma glucose concentration was 5.3 +/- 1.2 mmol . l-1, this was unchanged after the race (5.0 +/- 1.2 mmol . l-1). A significant increase (P less than 0.01) in the plasma glucose concentration, from 5.2 +/- 0.6 to 6.0 +/- 1.5 mmol . l-1 occurred in the group of subjects drinking the glucose-electrolyte solution. Apart from this, there were no significant differences between the two groups. PMID- 6538835 TI - Comparative physiological responses of normotensive and essentially hypertensive men to exercise in the heat. AB - Six essentially hypertensive men (average resting arterial pressure of 150/97 mm Hg) and eight normotensive controls (average resting arterial pressure of 115/73 mm Hg) were tested during 1 h of dynamic leg exercise in a warm environment. The groups were well matched for age, VO2 max, body surface area, weight, and body fat. Environmental conditions were 38 degrees C dry-bulb, 28 degrees C wet-bulb; exercise intensity was approximately 40% VO2 max (85-90 W). There were no significant intergroup differences in core or mean skin temperatures, calculated heat exchange variables, heart, or sweat rates. Blood pressure differences between the groups were maintained (P less than 0.01). The hypertensive group responded with a significantly lower stroke index (P less than 0.01) and cardiac index (P less than 0.01), and a decreased slope of the rise in forearm blood flow (P less than 0.01) due to an higher vascular resistance (P less than 0.01). The combined heat load (M + R + C) presented was not sufficient to override the hypertensives' higher cutaneous vasoconstrictor tone. However, on a practical basis, the hypertensives were able to tolerate exercise in the heat as well as their normotensive counterparts. PMID- 6538833 TI - Serum erythropoietin titers during prolonged bedrest; relevance to the "anaemia" of space flight. AB - The overall objective of these studies was to test the hypothesis that the suppression of erythropoiesis, which occurs during both spaceflight and bedrest, was mediated by reduction in circulating levels of erythropoietin. In each of two 7-day studies, groups of subjects were exposed to either horizontal or 6 degrees head-down tilt bedrest and no evidence was obtained to suggest that the erythropoietic effects were dependent on the angle of recumbency. An additional study involved six men who were exposed to horizontal bedrest for 28 days. Serum erythropoietin titers were not significantly depressed in any of the subjects but total red cell volume was decreased. Absolute increases in red cell numbers and reductions in plasma volume both elevate the haematocrit, but our data suggest that the mechanism of erythrosuppression in these two instances may be different. PMID- 6538836 TI - The relation between spectral changes of the myoelectric signal and the intramuscular pressure of human skeletal muscle. AB - The purpose of the present study was to investigate if the intramuscular pressure generated during an isometric muscle contraction is important for the appearance of EMG spectral changes accompanying localized muscular fatigue. The EMG and intramuscular pressure of the left biceps brachii in eight volunteers were recorded during standardized isometric contractions by means of intramuscular wire electrodes and infusion catheters, respectively. Spectral changes were elicited by a submaximal contraction and the intramuscular pressure at which the induced spectral changes were able to recover was determined. It was found that significant recovery was possible only if the intramuscular pressure dropped below a level of about 2.7 kPa (20 mm Hg). It is concluded that the intramuscular pressure during a sustained isometric contraction is relevant for the generation of fatigue induced spectral changes, and that measurement of the intramuscular pressure makes possible predetermination of whether or not an isometric muscle contraction is liable to result in localized muscular fatigue. PMID- 6538838 TI - Serum enzyme variations in men during an exhaustive "square-wave" endurance exercise test. AB - The present study was designed to test if both the intensity and duration of the 45-min Square-Wave Endurance Exercise Test (SWEET) would produce changes in serum enzyme activities. Nine men, four sedentary (S) and five athletes (A), performed VO2 max and SWEET, at their Maximal Intensity of Endurance (MIE45) as defined by maximal heart rate and the impossibility of maintaining MIE 45 + 5% for 45 min. Arterial blood was sampled at rest (R), exercise (Ex) (45th min) and during recovery (15th min) for measurements of levels of Haemoglobin (Hb), Haematocrit (Hct), pH and seven serum enzymes: Creatine kinase (CPK), Hexose-phosphate isomerase (PHI), Aldolase (ALD), Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), Malate dehydrogenase (MDH), Aspartate amino-transferase (ASAT or GOT), and Alanine aminotransferase (ALAT or GPT). Five enzymes increased significantly during exercise (MIE45), the delta % (Ex - R/R) increases were as follows: PHI (72%), MDH (28%), LDH (21%), CPK (17%), and GOT (13.5%), whilst only a 10% increase was observed for Hct and Hb and there was no significant change in the arterial pH. There was no correlation between the delta % of Hb, Hct, pH, and the results for the enzymes. Thus, it does not seem that haemoconcentration and arterial blood acidosis which occur during exercise are only at the origin of the observed increases in enzymes. A difference between "sedentary" and "athletes" subjects was found at rest and exercise (delta % = A - S/S) for CPK (R = 222%; Ex = 235%), GOT (R = 90%; Ex = 75%) and ALD (R = 99%; Ex = 54%). These results suggest that the MIE45, by measured increases in enzymatic activity, seems to require great muscular effort. PMID- 6538837 TI - Influence of motor unit firing statistics on the median frequency of the EMG power spectrum. AB - Changes in the EMG power spectrum during static fatiguing contractions are often attributed to changes in muscle fibre action potential conduction velocity. Mathematical models of the EMG power spectrum, which have been empirically confirmed, predict that under certain conditions a distinct maximum occurs in the low-frequency part of the spectrum, indicating the dominant firing rate of the motor units. The present study investigated the influence of this firing rate peak on the spectral changes during a static fatiguing contraction at 50% of maximum EMG amplitude in the frontalis and corrugator supercilii muscles. An exponential decrease of the median frequency (MF) of the EMG power spectrum was observed when the firing rate peak was absent. When the firing rate peak was present, an exaggerated decrease of MF in the beginning of the contraction was found, which was associated with an increase in firing rate peak magnitude. In later stages of the contraction, a partial recovery of MF occurred, concomitant with a decrease in firing rate peak magnitude. The influence of the firing rate peak on MF was also investigated during nonfatiguing contractions of the frontalis muscle at 20, 40, 60, and 80% of maximum EMG amplitude. A curvilinear relationship between MF and contraction strength was found, whether firing rate peaks were present or absent. The presence of firing rate peaks, however, was associated with a decrease in MF which was inversely related to contraction strength, due to the inverse relationship between firing rate peak magnitude and contraction strength. PMID- 6538839 TI - Thermoregulatory responses to upper body exercise. AB - The purpose of this study was to compare thermoregulatory responses between upper body and lower body exercise. Nine male subjects performed 60 min of arm crank (AC) and cycle (CY) exercise at the same absolute intensity (oxygen uptake = 1.61 X min-1) and at the same relative intensity (60% of ergometer specific peak oxygen uptake) in a temperate (24 degrees C, 20% rh) environment. During the absolute intensity experiments, rectal temperature and sweating rate responses were essentially the same for both modes of exercise. In addition, no differences were found for chest, back, arm, or thigh skin temperatures, but calf skin temperature was significantly (P less than 0.05) lower during arm crank than cycle exercise. During the relative intensity experiments, thermoregulatory responses were lower during arm crank than cycle exercise. In addition, we found no difference between esophageal and rectal temperature values elicited by arm crank exercise. These results indicate that the examined thermoregulatory responses are independent of the skeletal muscle mass employed and dependent upon the absolute metabolic intensity. PMID- 6538840 TI - Collagen of slow twitch and fast twitch muscle fibres in different types of rat skeletal muscle. AB - The appearance of collagen around individual fast twitch (FT) and slow twitch (ST) muscle fibres was investigated in skeletal muscles with different contractile properties using endurance trained and untrained rats as experimental animals. The collagenous connective tissue was analyzed by measuring hydroxyproline biochemically and by staining collagenous material histochemically in M. soleus (MS), M. rectus femoris (MRF), and M. gastrocnemius (MG). The concentration of hydroxyproline in the ST fibres dissected from MS (2.72 +/- 0.35 micrograms X mg-1 d.w.) was significantly higher than that of the FT fibres dissected from MRF (1.52 +/- 0.33 micrograms X mg-1 d.w.). Similarly, the concentration of hydroxyproline was higher in ST (2.54 +/- 0.51 micrograms X mg-1 d.w.) than in FT fibres (1.60 +/- 0.43 micrograms X mg-1 d.w.), when the fibres were dissected from the same muscle, MG. Histochemical staining of collagenous material agreed with the biochemical evidence that MS and the slow twitch area of MG are more collagenous than MRF and the fast twitch area of MG both at the level of perimysium and endomysium. The variables were not affected by endurance training. When discussing the role of collagen in the function of skeletal muscle it is suggested that the different functional demands of different skeletal muscles are also reflected in the structure of intramuscular connective tissue, even at the level of endomysial collagen. It is supposed that the known differences in the elastic properties of fast tetanic muscle compared to slow tonic muscle as, e.g., the higher compliance of fast muscle could at least partly be explained in terms of the amount, type, and structure of intramuscular collagen. PMID- 6538841 TI - Muscle metabolite accumulation following maximal exercise. A comparison between short-term and prolonged kayak performance. AB - Five elite flatwater kayak paddlers were studied during indoor simulated 500 and 10,000-m races, with performance times of 2 and 45 min, respectively. Muscle biopsies were obtained from the midportion of m. deltoideus immediately pre and post exercise. Concentrations of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), creatine phosphate (CP), glucose, glucose-6-phosphate (G-6-P), glycogen, and lactate were subsequently determined. Short term exercise resulted in statistically significant increases in glucose (P less than 0.001), G-6-P (P less than 0.05) and lactate (P less than 0.01) concentration concomitant with decreased CP (P less than 0.05) and glycogen (P less than 0.01). Following prolonged exercise, a non-significant elevation in glucose and a reduction (P less than 0.01) in glycogen were demonstrated. Evidently the metabolic demands for kayak competitions at 500 and 10,000 m are different. Thus, the energy contribution from glycolytic precursors and the anaerobic component is of greater relative importance in short distances than in exercise of long duration. A generalization of the findings to other athletic events of varying distances is proposed. The present data on arm-exercise is consistent with previous findings obtained in connection with leg exercises. PMID- 6538842 TI - The effect of laser microsurgery on cytoplasmic strands and cytoplasmic streaming in isolated plant protoplasts. AB - Cytoplasmic strands of actively streaming isolated callus derived protoplasts of higher plants were subjected to laser microsurgery. Typically, the irradiated strand retracted and cytoplasmic streaming stopped in the entire cell. At the same time, all cytoplasmic strands disintegrated, and formerly not totally spherically shaped protoplasts became spherical. This result indicates tension as a stability factor of cell shape and the cytoplasmic make-up and demonstrates that the nonspherical shape of these protoplasts is not due to cell wall residues. Cytoplasmic streaming as well as the strands were quickly reestablished and often the irregular shape of the protoplast appeared again. Treatment of unirradiated cells with cytochalasin B showed similar effects. The results are discussed with respect to the involvement of cytoskeletal elements in cytoplasmic streaming and organization. PMID- 6538843 TI - Cholesteric organization of DNA in vivo and in vitro. AB - In concentrated solutions DNA organizes spontaneously to form the "cholesteric" phase which is one type of liquid crystal. We have reproducibly obtained both continuous cholesteric phases and isolated cholesteric globules in equilibrium with the isotropic phase. A comparison is made between this in vitro cholesteric organization and dinoflagellate chromosomes which present the same organization in vivo. The observed defects are analyzed in the two cases. It appears that the cholesteric organization is due to self-assembly phenomena and that the shape of globules and chromosomes is due both to surface tensions and to the presence of defects. PMID- 6538844 TI - Effect of a reversible and selective MAO-A inhibitor (cimoxatone) on diurnal variation in plasma prolactin level in man. AB - Prolactin (PRL) secretion is stimulated by serotonin (5-HT) and inhibited by dopamine (DA). 5-HT is generally recognized as a substrate for type A monoamine oxidase (MAO), whereas DA is considered as a substrate for either A or B, or both forms of MAO, depending on the species and tissues used. The effect of cimoxatone, a reversible, selective MAO-A inhibitor, on diurnal variation in plasma PRL level was investigated in healthy adults after a single 40 mg oral dose, as an indirect approach to investigating whether DA is preferentially a substrate for Type A or B MAO in man. The circadian rhythm in PRL, stress conditions and diet were taken into account in the present study, which was placebo-controlled. There was a slight but significant reduction in circulating PRL in the six subjects, which persisted for at least 9 h after cimoxatone. However, the duration of the decrease in plasma PRL was shorter than the inhibition of MAO-A. The results are not inconsistent with the presence of both forms of MAO in the human hypothalamus and with DA as a substrate for both forms in this region, if it is assumed that the hypothalamic concentrations of the drug during the period 0-9 hours was sufficiently high to inhibit DA deamination by both forms of MAO. PMID- 6538845 TI - Hypophysectomy fails to affect the supersensitivity of striatal dopamine target cells induced by prolonged haloperidol treatment. AB - The influence of hypophysectomy on biochemical indices of striatal dopamine target cell supersensitivity induced by prolonged haloperidol treatment was investigated in the rat. Hypophysectomy itself did not modify dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) levels but slightly enhanced acetylcholine concentrations in the striatum. Hypophysectomy failed to affect the ability of haloperidol, apomorphine and pergolide to alter these biochemical parameters after acute administration. Prolonged administration of haloperidol (by means of osmotic minipumps delivering 2.5 micrograms/h) for 14 days caused a decrease in DOPAC and an increase in acetylcholine levels in the striatum during withdrawal; these effects were of a similar magnitude in sham-operated and hypophysectomized rats. Moreover, there was a similar degree of tolerance to the elevation of DOPAC and to the diminution of acetylcholine concentrations in striatum in response to challenge with haloperidol during withdrawal in sham-operated and hypophysectomized animals. Finally, a similar supersensitive biochemical response to pergolide (decrease in DOPAC and increase in acetylcholine levels) was observed in both hypophysectomized and sham-operated animals after prolonged haloperidol treatment. These data suggest that hypophyseal factors do not affect the development of striatal dopamine target cell supersensitivity caused by prolonged haloperidol treatment. PMID- 6538846 TI - Flow cytometry isolation and improved visualization of sorted mouse chromosomes. Purification of chromosomes X and ISO-1 from cell lines with Robertsonian translocations. AB - While analysis and sorting of human chromosomes by flow cytometry has been widely used, isolation of a pure mouse chromosome remains very difficult, since most murine chromosomes are quite similar in size. To overcome this problem, we have analysed mouse cell lines having either Robertsonian translocations or isochromosomes. The resulting metacentric chromosomes are very different in size and in morphology from normal mouse acrocentric chromosomes. These characteristics have been analysed by computer-monitored flow cytometry, facilitated by improvements in the chromosome extraction procedure. Signals characteristic of the iso-lq chromosome in cell line PCC4 azaR1, and of the normal X chromosome in the mouse strain 22CD have thus been obtained. These chromosomes have been sorted and can be easily recognized by fluorescence microscopy when collected onto serum-albumin-coated microscope slides. The technical modifications made, coupled with the existence of a great diversity of metacentric chromosomes resulting from Robertsonian translocations, should allow the purification of a number of different mouse chromosomes. PMID- 6538847 TI - Distribution of entactin in the basement membrane of the rat mammary gland. Evidence for a non-epithelial origin. AB - Entactin, a sulfated glycoprotein with a molecular weight (MW) of about 150 kD, is present in vascular basement membranes and in the interstitial connective tissue of the mammary glands of virgin rats. It does not appear to be present in the basement membrane surrounding the mammary ductal system. However, in lactating mammary glands entactin is also present in the basement membrane region surrounding the secretory alveoli. Ultrastructural localisation of entactin reveals that it is present on the basal surface of epithelial cells, with patchy staining in the lamina lucida and lamina densa. Entactin also appears to be associated with interstitial collagen fibres. Mammary fibroblastic cells in culture are able to produce entactin, whereas mammary epithelial and myoepithelial cells, which synthesise the basement membrane proteins laminin and type IV collagen, fail to synthesise entactin. PMID- 6538848 TI - The centrosome cycle in the mitotic cycle of sea urchin eggs. AB - When sea urchin eggs entering mitosis are exposed to an appropriate concentration of mercaptoethanol, the chromosome cycle is restrained while the centrosome cycle advances. The two poles of the mitotic apparatus separate into four poles, while the chromosomes remain in their metaphase arrangements until released by the removal of the mercaptoethanol. We follow the centrosomes through the stages of the generation of two poles by each original pole. In electron microscopic studies, the osmiophilic component of the centrosomes serves as an indicator of their changing forms as each pole generates two poles. In light microscopic studies, including observations of birefringence, the shapes of the polar ends of the spindles are taken as indicators of the shapes of the centrosomes. The successive stages of the centrosome cycle are (1) compact spherical centrosomes at the time of formation of the mitotic apparatus; (2) expansion and flattening of the centrosomes, leading to (3) formation of thin flat plates, perpendicular to the spindle axis. Corresponding to the extended flat shape of the centrosomes, the spindle poles are flat; microtubules 'point' to the centrosomal plate and not the centrioles. The centrioles are separated in the flattening of the centrosomes. (4) The flat plate divides into two and each of the two halves becomes more compact, defining two separate poles. Our findings resurrect and update Boveri's [5] observations and interpretations of the centrosome. Centrosomes have shapes. The shapes may be imparted to the microtubular structures that they generate. The formation of two separate centrosomes from one, in the formation of mitotic poles, is describable as a sequence of changes in shape. PMID- 6538849 TI - Sex steroids in the rat submaxillary gland during the estrus cycle. AB - Relatively high progestagen levels were found in female rat submaxillary glands, with a maximum in the proestrus stage at 22 h and 2 minima; in proestrus between 10 and 14 h, and in estrus at 14 h. Estrogen and androgen concentrations in the gland were undetectable during most of the cycle except in the proestrus stage, when the highest level was determined at 14 h for estrogens and at 17 h for androgens. PMID- 6538850 TI - [Characteristic pharmacological properties of a number of antidepressants in repeated administration]. AB - Ten antidepressants belonging to different chemical classes administered to mice for 5 days have been found to be more similar as regards the pharmacological action as compared to the effects attained with a single drug use. PMID- 6538851 TI - The differential effects produced by cis- and trans-DDP on DNA in calf thymus nucleosomes. AB - Calf thymus nucleosomes containing H1 were treated with dichlorodiammineplatinum (DDP) at low binding ratios (r = 0.05-0.15). Change in the electrophoretic mobility of the extracted nucleosomal DNA was observed following treatment with cis-DDP and little change with trans-DDP. There was a decrease in the electrophoretic mobility of the nucleosomal DNA as well as obliteration of the nucleosomal repeat distance. The fluorescence intensity of terbium binding to the extracted DNA showed minimal change following drug treatment. However, the thermal melting behavior of the nucleosomal DNA was altered to a greater extent following cis-DDP treatment at 280 rather than 260 nm and a destabilization of the DNA helix was observed. These data suggest that in the whole nucleosome, cis DDP produces greater structural effects on the packaged DNA than trans-DDP, although similar amounts of drug are bound with both isomers. PMID- 6538852 TI - Spectrin and protein 4.1 as an actin filament capping complex. AB - Spectrin and protein 4.1, when added to G- or F-actin, cause the formation of short filaments, as judged by the appearance of powerful nucleating activity for G-actin polymerisation. F-Actin filaments are rapidly fragmented under physiological solvent conditions. The effect of cytochalasin E on the polymerisation reaction and the extent of reduction in the critical monomer concentration of actin when spectrin and 4.1 are added suggest that these proteins form a capping system for the more slowly growing, or 'pointed' ends of actin filaments. The interaction is not affected by calcium or by 4.9, the remaining constituent of the purified red cell membrane cytoskeleton. PMID- 6538853 TI - Hexose uptake regulation mediated through aerobic pathways: schism in a fibroblast mutant. AB - A protracted type of down-regulation of the hexose transport system in cultured fibroblasts that depends on one main factor in their nutritional state, the presence or absence of metabolizable D- aldohexoses in the culture fluid, is discussed. Fructose feeding is unable to elicit a down-regulation, whereas mannose and D-glucosamine, regulation of the transport system. This down regulation or transport curb depends on oxidative energy metabolism, because inhibitors of this type of metabolism bring about a striking release of the transport curb. Studies with a fibroblast mutant that lacks the enzyme glucosephosphate isomerase (D-glucose-6-phosphate ketol-isomerase, EC 5.3.1.9, abbreviated phosphoglucose isomerase) (pgi-) have indicated that two types of metabolism are needed: 1) oxidative energy metabolism, which in the pgi- mutant can still be generated effectively from L-glutamine or, in its absence, from mannose or D-glucosamine; 2) glucose-6-phosphate metabolism, either its catabolism through the pentose shunt or through the anabolic pathway to UDP glucose and UDP galactose. The schism in carbohydrate metabolism in the pgi- fibroblasts is clearly reflected through the development of the metabolically mediated curb of the hexose transport or uptake system. PMID- 6538855 TI - Are the primordial germ cells (PGCs) in urodela formed by the inductive action of the vegetative yolk mass? AB - In the present study, when carefully demarcated areas of blastula animal cap were combined with the vegetative yolk mass, PGCs occurred only in those combinations which included the equatorial marginal zone of the animal cap. Furthermore, removal of the vegetative yolk mass as early as stage 6 1/2 did not affect the formation of PGCs. On the basis of these and other observations it is suggested that in urodeles, as in anurans, PGCs may develop from specific cells which nevertheless differentiate into PGCs only when suitable mesodermal elements are formed. PMID- 6538854 TI - Photoaffinity labeling of the stereospecific D-glucose transport system with cytochalasin B. AB - A method has been developed for photoaffinity labeling components of the hexose transport system with [3H]cytochalasin B. We have demonstrated that UV photoirradiation of intact human erythrocytes or ghost membranes with 0.5 microM [3H]cytochalasin B yielded a broad peak with an Mr of 44,000-70,000. Labeling that was insensitive to the presence of 0.5 M D-sorbitol was substantially inhibited by 0.5 M D-glucose. Approximately 80% of labeling in the region of Mr = 49,000-70,000 was inhibited by the presence of 0.5 M D-glucose, whereas labeling of the 44,000- to 49,000-dalton region was inhibited only 30%. Somewhat different results were obtained from photoaffinity labeling of plasma membranes from chicken embryo fibroblasts (CEF). The [3H]cytochalasin B-labeling patterns had two relatively sharp and discrete peaks at 46,000 and 52,000 daltons. Comparison of plasma membranes from glucose-fed and starved CEF revealed that the total D glucose-sensitive labeling increased approximately 12-fold in the starved cell membranes. Labeling of the 52,000-dalton polypeptide was more sensitive than that of the 46,000-dalton polypeptide to inhibition by the presence of D-glucose. These results indicate that [3H]cytochalasin B photoaffinity labeling has wide applicability for identifying and covalently binding components of the facilitated hexose transport system. PMID- 6538856 TI - [Physiopathology of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, significance of the intraventricular gradient and indications for surgical therapy]. PMID- 6538857 TI - [Relaxation and regional myocardial stiffness in obstructive hypertrophic cardiopathy patients: effect of verapamil]. AB - Diastolic stiffness of the septum and the posterior wall were determined in 6 patients with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy before and 10 to 15 min after the intravenous administration of verapamil, 0,1 mg/kg. Left ventricular high-fidelity pressure measurements and M-mode echocardiography were carried out in all patients before and after verapamil. Diastolic stiffness of the septum (beta S) and of the posterior wall (beta) were assessed from the slope of a viscoelastic stress-strain relationship: sigma = alpha (e beta epsilon -1) + eta epsilon where sigma = meridional wall stress (g/cm2) alpha = intercept (g/cm2), beta = constant of myocardial stiffness, epsilon = mid-wall strain, eta = constant of myocardial viscosity (g. sec/cm2), epsilon = strain rate (sec-1). Left ventricular relaxation was evaluated from the time constant of left ventricular pressure fall (T; msec) by plotting left ventricular pressure versus dP/dt during the isovolumic relaxation period. Heart rate (71 versus 74 beats/min), left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (17 versus 17 mmHg) and peak systolic pressure (152 versus 146 mmHg) were not significantly different before and after intravenous administration of verapamil. The constant of myocardial wall stiffness of the septum (17 versus 16) and the posterior wall (15 versus 13) remained unchanged after verapamil, however, myocardial stiffness of the septum was slightly higher than myocardial stiffness of the posterior wall. The time constant of left ventricular pressure fall decreased significantly (P less than 0.05) from 53 to 43 msec following administration of verapamil. It is concluded that in patients with hypertrophic, obstructive cardiomyopathy, diastolic myocardial stiffness of the septum is slightly higher than the stiffness of the posterior wall. Verapamil does not influence the regional passive diastolic properties but has a beneficial effect on ventricular relaxation. PMID- 6538858 TI - Binding of progesterone with the oviduct cytosol fraction of estrogen-primed quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica). AB - Progesterone-specific binding components were detected in the cytosol fraction of enlarged oviducts from estrogen (diethylstilbestrol)-primed immature Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) females by several techniques using [3H]promegestone. The oviduct as a target tissue of progesterone is the most efficient in [3H]promegestone binding, and muscle and intestine as nontarget tissues and plasma are less efficient as expected. By using [3H]promegestone for binding, the possibility of blood contamination of the oviduct may have been eliminated with the detection of a specific binding site. The participation of protein in the steroid-binding site was inferred from the destruction of the binding component by protease, but not by RNase or DNase. The interaction with [3H]promegestone in low salt conditions has a high affinity (Kd 0.69 nM) and low capacity (the number of binding sites per milligram of protein is about 1.3 pmol). Six unlabeled steroids were tested as competitors for binding to [3H]promegestone in vitro. Progesterone-like steroids competed specifically with [3H]promegestone: progesterone congruent to promegestone greater than deoxycorticosterone greater than testosterone much greater than estradiol-17 beta greater than cortisol. These chemical properties show that the progesterone binding protein present in the oviduct of estrogen-primed quail is essentially similar to that obtained from chick oviduct. In addition, heterogeneity of the [3H]promegestone binding components was shown. The binding component was eluted as an aggregate on gel (Bio-Gel A-0.5m) column chromatography in low salt conditions which reverted to two major peaks, tentatively named I (molecular weight, about 110,000) and II (about 41,000), in the presence of high salt (0.3 M KCl). The relative amounts of the two peaks differed. It was interesting that peak II of the small component was not found in the estrogen-primed chick and was a distinctive one in quail. On the other hand, both peaks were recovered with 0.3 M KCl elution on DEAE-cellulose column chromatography. These studies suggest that this binding component may function as a biological receptor for progesterone in the estrogen-enlarged oviduct, and the problems to be solved are under examination. PMID- 6538859 TI - Radioimmunoassay of serum cortisol in the plaice (Pleuronectes platessa L.). AB - The validity of a radioimmunoassay kit for direct measurement of cortisol in the plaice is described. This technique was used to determine the cortisol concentration in adult male and female plaice in 100 microliter of either plasma or serum. There was no significant difference in the serum cortisol values determined by radioimmunoassay either with or without chromatography. Storage of whole blood at 4 degrees for varying periods up to 24 hr, before removal of the serum, did not affect the cortisol concentration. Decreases also did not occur in serum samples kept at room temperature for up to 5 days, although losses of 1-12% occurred after 7 days and 11-39% after 8 days. The daily variations in serum cortisol levels were examined in fish exposed at 11 degrees to 12 hr light: 12 hr dark over a 32-hr period and the existence of a 24-hr cortisol rhythm was observed. Blood samples were taken from the same six fish every 4 hr, each fish being bled nine times during the experiment. Blood samples were also taken every 4 hr from groups of seven fish, each fish during this experiment being bled only once. Measurement of monthly serum samples throughout 1 year showed cortisol concentrations at a maximum in April, during the peak spawning period. There was no significant difference between cortisol levels in male and female plaice, except in January, and no difference between serum and plasma values in either sex. PMID- 6538860 TI - Evidence for polygenic epistatic interactions in man? AB - Studies of multifactorial inheritance in man have ignored nonadditive gene action or attributed it entirely to dominance. Reanalyses of dermatoglyphic data on monozygotic and dizygotic twins, siblings and parents and offspring suggest that a substantial proportion of variation in total finger pattern intensity is due to epistatic interactions between additive genetic deviations, not dominance. Bootstrapping and power simulations support this interpretation of the data. We believe this is the strongest evidence so far for polygenic epistasis in man. PMID- 6538861 TI - [Role of migration processes in shaping the marriage structure of the Moscow population. I. The age, place of birth and nationality of those entering marriage]. AB - A genetic-demographic study of the dynamics of the Moscow population marriage structure, with respect to the age of marriage, birthplace and nationality of newlyweds has been carried out by means of sample analysis of 1955 and 1980 marriage records; some other demographic and statistic data obtained during several years were also used. The mean age of marriage being practically constant, the proportion of newlyweds younger than 20 in the reproductive part of the Moscow population was shown to be considerably higher at the beginning of the XX century than at present. The number of couples married at the postreproductive age increased in 1980, as compared with 1955. The process of migration contributing to the genetic structure of subsequent Moscow generations has been characterized quantitatively and from the spatio-geographical point of view. High values (0.57 less than m less than 0.86) of the coefficient of migration to Moscow correspond to the period of non-controlled city population growth. As a result of administrative measures for regulation of the city population growth, the value of the coefficient of migration to Moscow decreased considerably by 1980, though still remained at a rather high level (m=0.40). The mean migration distance increased from 230 km, in the beginning of XIX century to 560 km in 1955 and 1100 in 1980. Especially great was the increase of genetic contribution from Eastern and Southern regions of the USSR. The variability of the national composition also increased. These changes in the geography of migration will cause the increasing reproduction of the entire country gene pool in Moscow as a panmixia center that may result in genetic originality of the Moscow population. PMID- 6538862 TI - [Balanced hereditary polymorphism and the mortality from cardiovascular diseases in the populations of 17 countries of Europe. I. A correlation analysis]. AB - The correlation analysis of ratios between six polymorphic genetic systems (ABO, MNSs, Rh, Hp, Gm, HLA) and mortality from ishemic heart disease, brain vascular lesions, and hypertensive disease in 17 European populations has been made. A statistically significant correlation has been established between the populational frequency of most of the 50 phenotypes and genes under study, and mortality. The qualitative structure of correlations and their quantitative expression depend on the cause of death, age and sex. The possible mechanisms of relationship between the genetic populational differences and mortality from cardiovascular diseases are discussed. PMID- 6538863 TI - [Balanced hereditary polymorphism and the mortality from cardiovascular diseases in the populations of 17 countries of Europe. II. A component analysis]. AB - Based on the factor analysis (the method of principal components with a varimax rotation of axes), a study was performed on the component structure of interpopulational variations in frequencies of the 50 phenotypes and genes of six polymorphic human systems (ABO, MNSs, Rh, Hp, Gm, HLA). The genetic differences of populations have been found to be related to a small number of independent factors; 7 principal components have extracted 79% of dispersion from the primary data. Five of these components are coupled with mortality from the cardiovascular diseases. The component structure of mortality has specificity in relation to localization of pathological process, age and sex. PMID- 6538865 TI - [Sexual disorders in women chronically exposed to methylmethacrylate and vinyl chloride]. PMID- 6538864 TI - [Experimental study of the biological action of feed protein dust via inhalational uptake]. PMID- 6538866 TI - [Pharmacological studies on drug dependence. (III): Intravenous self administration of some CNS-affecting drugs and a new sleep-inducer, 1H-1, 2, 4 triazolyl benzophenone derivative (450191-S), in rats]. AB - The present study examined comparative self-administration of some typical CNS affecting drugs with a new sleep-inducer, 450191-S, in rats, Most animals self administered both methamphetamine and cocaine in an extremely stable and invariable fashion with cycles of alternating responding and non-responding periods during the day and at night. Response frequency increased in proportion to a fixed-ratio value. An initial increase in response rate followed by cessation of the responding was observed during extinction. Sixty-five percent of the rats tested self-administered morphine in a relatively variable and less stable fashion. Total daily morphine intake was directly related to the unit dose. Eighty-three percent of the rats self-administered pentazocine. Fifty and sixty-four percent of the rats maintained self-administration of phenobarbital and diazepam, respectively, with higher intake at night than during the day. Responding persisted at a low rate for several days during extinction. Abrupt withdrawal of 450191-S caused the same slight weight loss and moderate decrease in food intake as those seen with diazepam and nitrazepam, and cross-physical dependence between 450191-S and diazepam was found. Self-administration of 450191 S at 0.5-2.5 mg/kg/infusion was observed with 2 out of 11 rats, which was much less than that found with diazepam. These results suggest that 450191-S possesses little, if any, drug dependence liability of the tranquilizer type. PMID- 6538867 TI - A sulfate, sulfite and thiosulfate incorporating system in Candida utilis. AB - Sulfate, sulfite and thiosulfate incorporation in the yeast Candida utilis is inhibited by extracellular sulfate, sulfite and thiosulfate and by sulfate analogues selenate, chromate and molybdate. The three processes are blocked if sulfate, sulfite, thiosulfate, cysteine and homocysteine are allowed to accumulate endogenously. Incorporation of the three inorganic sulfur oxy anions is inactivated by heat at the same rate. Mutants previously shown to be defective in sulfate incorporation are also affected in sulfite and thiosulfate uptake. Revertants of these mutants selected by plating in ethionine-supplemented minimal medium recovered the capacity to incorporate sulfate, sulfite and thiosulfate. These results taken together with previous evidence demonstrate the existence of a common sulfate, sulfite and thiosulfate incorporating system in this yeast. PMID- 6538868 TI - Prolactin and milk ejection during the first 20 minutes of suckling in the rat: blockade by Nembutal and by amino oxyacetic acid. PMID- 6538869 TI - Gonadal function in two siblings with Fanconi's anemia. AB - 2 siblings with Fanconi's anemia, 1 male and 1 female, aged 22 and 24 years, respectively, were evaluated at the Johns Hopkins Hospital because of short stature and hypogonadism. Plasma levels of somatomedin-C were normal in both patients, suggesting that the production of biologically active growth hormone was normal in these subjects. In addition, measurements of serum gonadotropins and plasma androgens in our patients, along with data accumulated from previous studies in the literature, show that abnormal sexual development in patients with Fanconi's anemia is due to hypergonadotropic hypogonadism. PMID- 6538870 TI - Bacteroides fragilis: a possible cause of acute diarrheal disease in newborn lambs. AB - Bacteroides fragilis with enterotoxin-like activity (BFEL) was isolated from the feces of 24- to 48-h-old lambs with acute diarrheal disease on three different sheep ranches in the Northern Rocky Mountain region of the United States. The lamb intestinal loop test was used to enrich for the bacterium before its initial isolation. Pure cultures of B. fragilis from the feces of diarrheic lambs caused fluid accumulation in five of five lamb intestinal loop tests and in three of three calf intestinal loop tests. Two different serogroups of BFEL were found in diarrheic lambs, and a third serogroups was found in the feces of a diarrheic ewe. Enteric disease characterized by diarrhea, depression, and inappetence occurred in three of eight newborn, colostrum-fed lambs after oral challenge inoculation with viable BFEL. One of the three lambs died 32 h after challenge. Clinical signs of disease were similar to those observed in the naturally occurring disease. B. fragilis is an obligately anaerobic bacterium found in the intestinal tract of most animals and humans. It is a serious cause of extraintestinal infection in humans. The bacterium has not been reported to cause fluid accumulation in the intestine or to cause diarrhea in any species of animal. PMID- 6538871 TI - The use of hormones in the control of reproductive function in the mare. PMID- 6538872 TI - Endocrine influence on the breast. PMID- 6538873 TI - Effects of subchronic exposure to diethylstilbestrol on humoral immune function in adult female (C3B6)F1 mice. AB - Adult female (C57BL/6 X C3H)F1 (B6C3F1) mice were treated with diethylstilbestrol for 14 days and assayed for the ability to produce antibody to a T-dependent antigen, a T-independent antigen, and to respond in vitro to stimulation by a polyclonal activator, bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). No suppression of the in vivo antibody responses were observed. DES produced a subtle alteration in the response to the T-dependent antigen, sheep erythrocyte (sRBC), as treated groups maintained higher PFC values than vehicle groups after the peak day of the response. DES induced an enhanced response to the T-independent antigen, DNP Ficoll. Spleen cells from DES-exposed animals were only marginally altered in their ability to produce antibody in vitro in response to LPS. Parallel experiments indicated a comparable reduction of LPS-induced blastogenesis. Serum immunoglobulin levels were determined following DES exposure, as a measure of baseline immunocompetence. DES only caused a reduction in the immunoglobulin M (IgM) isotype. DES exposure caused a significant enhancement of the activity of the reticuloendothelial (RES) system. Experiments were performed to assess the effects of enhanced RES function on concentrations of 51Cr labeled sRBC, which were optimal for antibody production. When sRBC were administered i.p., there was no effect on either the Ab response (as reported above) or on the number of sRBC localized in the spleen. In contrast, when sRBC were administered i.v., exposure to DES reduced (approximately 50%) both the Ab response and the number of sRBC localized in the spleen. Enhanced phagocytic function and alterations in antigen distribution must be considered in the interpretation of in vivo immune responses. PMID- 6538874 TI - The fluid of female urethral expulsions analysed by histochemical electron microscopic and other methods. PMID- 6538875 TI - Crystallization of and preliminary X-ray data for the plasma retinol-binding protein. AB - Crystals of the human and rabbit plasma retinol-binding proteins have been grown from solutions of polyethylene glycol 6000 and CdCl2. Two crystal forms have been observed for the human protein, while the rabbit protein has only crystallized in one form which is isomorphous with one of the human serum retinol-binding protein crystals. The crystals differ in their morphologies, but are both in space group P212121 and have similar unit cell sizes (a = 45.9, b = 53.3, c = 72.0 A and a = 45.7, b = 48.7, and c = 76.5 A). The crystals diffract to approximately 2.0 A resolution. In both cases there is 1 molecule/asymmetric unit. PMID- 6538876 TI - Tyrosine phosphorylation of the insulin receptor beta subunit activates the receptor-associated tyrosine kinase activity. AB - The regulation of kinase activity associated with insulin receptor by phosphorylation and dephosphorylation has been examined using partially purified receptor immobilized on insulin-agarose. The immobilized receptor preparation exhibits predominately tyrosine but also serine and threonine kinase activities toward insulin receptor beta subunit and exogenous histone. Phosphorylation of the insulin receptor preparation with increasing concentrations of unlabeled ATP, followed by washing to remove the unreacted ATP, results in a progressive activation of the receptor kinase activity when assayed in the presence of histone and [gamma-32P]ATP. A maximal 4-fold activation is achieved by prior incubation of receptor with concentrations of ATP approaching 1 mM. High pressure liquid chromatographic analysis of tryptic hydrolysates of the 32P-labeled insulin receptor beta subunit reveals three domains of phosphorylation (designated peaks 1, 2, and 3). Phosphotyrosine and phosphoserine residues are present in these three domains while peak 2 contains phosphothreonine as well. Thus, at least seven sites are available for phosphorylation on the beta subunit of the insulin receptor. Incubation of the phosphorylated insulin receptor with alkaline phosphatase at 15 degrees C results in the selective dephosphorylation of the phosphotyrosine residues on the beta subunit of the receptor while the phosphoserine and phosphothreonine contents are not affected. The dephosphorylation of the receptor is accompanied by a marked 65% inhibition of the receptor kinase activity. Almost 90% of the decrease in [32P]phosphate content of the receptor after alkaline phosphatase treatment is accounted for by a decrease in phosphotyrosine content in peak 2, while very small decreases are observed in peaks 1 and 3, respectively. These results demonstrate that the extent of phosphorylation of tyrosine residues in receptor domain 2 closely parallels the receptor kinase activity state, suggesting phosphorylation of this domain may play a key role in regulating the insulin receptor tyrosine kinase. PMID- 6538877 TI - Fertilization results in increased tyrosine phosphorylation of egg proteins. AB - The sea urchin egg contains one or more tyrosine-specific protein kinase(s) which are active during the response of the egg to sperm fusion. Fertilization results in an 8-fold increase in the relative incorporation of [32P]orthophosphate into phosphotyrosine as compared to phosphoserine and phosphothreonine. Under defined in vitro conditions, plasma membranes from fertilized eggs incorporated 5-10-fold more phosphate into tyrosine than plasma membranes from unfertilized eggs. Analysis of the phosphorylated plasma membrane proteins by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis demonstrated that at least four proteins were more actively phosphorylated in plasma membranes from fertilized eggs. Of these, a closely spaced doublet of approximately 120 kDa was found to contain phosphotyrosine. The properties of the egg tyrosine-specific kinase were studied using an artificial peptide substrate. The enzyme is membrane-bound and is enriched 8-fold in the egg plasma membrane. Enzyme activity in egg homogenates and plasma membranes increased 2- and 4-fold, respectively, as early as 20 min, post-insemination. These results suggest that the fertilization-dependent increase in tyrosine specific protein kinase activity may play a role in the onset of embryonic development. PMID- 6538878 TI - Isolation of forskolin-resistant adrenal cells defective in the adenylate cyclase system. AB - Forskolin is an activator of adenylate cyclase in many cell types. In order to determine the mechanism of forskolin's action and to determine if this mechanism is shared by hormones and other agonists of the adenylate cyclase system, we isolated and partially characterized several spontaneous, forskolin-resistant mutants from the Y1 mouse adrenocortical tumor cell line. Forskolin increased adenylate cyclase activity in Y1 cell homogenates approximately 30-fold. By virtue of its effect on cAMP accumulation, forskolin (10 microM) also inhibited the growth of Y1 cells in monolayer culture. Using forskolin as a selective agent, spontaneous mutants capable of growth in the presence of 10 microM forskolin were isolated from the Y1 cell line at a frequency of 1-2/10(6) cells. In these mutants, resistance was stable, resulting from a defect in cAMP accumulation rather than cAMP action, and was associated with a reduced ability of forskolin to stimulate adenylate cyclase activity in cell homogenates. Whereas corticotropin stimulated adenylate cyclase activity over 35-fold in cell homogenates from the Y1 parent, ACTH had only marginal effects on the enzyme's activity in the mutant clones. Fluoride-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity seemed unimpaired. These results suggest that the resistance to forskolin resulted from a mutation in the adenylate cyclase system, not in the catalytic subunit, but at a locus related to the ACTH. PMID- 6538881 TI - Morphological and temporal sequence of meiotic prophase development at puberty in the male mouse. AB - The correct sequence of meiotic prophase development in the male mouse has been established by the use of pubertal males. The first wave of spermatogenesis at this time provides a unique opportunity to study progressive meiotic development in a direct way. Air-dried and micro-spread analyses have been carried out. Temporal and morphological progression at this time is entirely consistent with that occurring in the later waves of meiosis of the adult male. Morphological detail shows delayed pairing of the X and Y chromosomes relative to the autosomes. The longest XY synaptonemal complex is seen in early pachytene cells, occupying up to 72% of the length of the Y and 22% of the length of the X axis. By late pachytene, end-to-end pairing in the XY bivalent is established, the autosomal axes remaining fully paired. Desynapsis of the autosomes commences at early diplotene. A 'diffuse' diplotene stage in the male, comparable to the dictyate stage of the female, could not be found. Marked lengthening of the XY and autosomal axes did, however, occur through the diplotene stage. PMID- 6538879 TI - Intracellular control of axial shape in non-uniform neurites: a serial electron microscopic analysis of organelles and microtubules in AI and AII retinal amacrine neurites. AB - AI and AII cat retinal amacrine cells have highly varicose non-uniform, neuritic processes. Processes of both types were reconstructed via a computer system using serial electron micrographs. These reconstructions were analyzed for (a) varicosity volume, surface area, and length, (b) "neck" volume, surface area, and length, (c) number of microtubules within the varicosity, (d) number of microtubules within the "neck," and (e) volume and surface area of mitochondria and smooth endoplasmic reticulum and large smooth vesicular bodies within the processes. Correlation of these parameters revealed a linear relationship between the number of microtubules in the necks and mean neck cross-sectional area (rs = 0.780, P less than 0.001), while microtubule number within the varicosities showed no correlation with varicosity volume (rs = 0.239, P greater than 0.2). Varicosity volume did, however, correlate strongly with the summed volume of mitochondria and smooth vesicular bodies contained within the varicosity for both cell types examined. The ratio between membranous organelle volume and varicosity volume for AI amacrine processes of 1:6.97 (rs = 0.927), differed from the ratio of 1:1.80 for the AII amacrine processes (rs = 0.987). Similar relationships were observed in other nonvaricose neurites such as optic tract axons. Membranous organelles appear to contribute an additional obligatory volume to the cytosol that can be as much as seven times the organelles' direct volume. These observations suggest that both the cytoskeletal components, and the membrane organelles play a direct role in determining neurite shape. PMID- 6538882 TI - [Neo-vagina by sigmoid reconstruction. Apropos of 12 cases of vaginal aplasia]. AB - Sigmoid transplants for reconstruction of an aplastic vagina were performed in 12 patients. The technique of cleavage, through a simple perineal or a double approach, raises two problems. First, the slow spontaneous epithelialization means that the new passage must be lined with a skin graft, which is rarely totally successful and prolongs the hospital stay period. Second, the need to wear a mandrin permanently in order to preserve the anatomical result. Sigmoid transplants provide a good and lasting functional result without too many postoperative problems: when performed in young patients, with healthy colons, the morbidity is not modified when compared with that of cleavage operations. PMID- 6538883 TI - Sensitive high-performance liquid chromatographic assay for platinum in plasma ultrafiltrate. PMID- 6538880 TI - Human epithelial cell intermediate filaments: isolation, purification, and characterization. AB - Intermediate filaments (IF) isolated from human epithelial cells (HeLa) can be disassembled in 8 M urea and reassembled in phosphate-buffered solutions containing greater than 0.1 mg/ml IF protein. Eight proteins were associated with HeLa IF after several disassembly-reassembly cycles as determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis (SDS PAGE). A rabbit antiserum directed against HeLa IF contained antibodies to most of these proteins. The immunofluorescence pattern that was seen in HeLa cells with this antiserum is complex. It consisted of a juxtanuclear accumulation of IF protein and a weblike array of cytoplasmic fibers extending to the cell border. Following preadsorption with individual HeLa IF proteins, the immunofluorescence pattern in HeLa cells was altered to suggest the presence of at least two distinct IF networks. The amino acid composition and alpha-helix content (approximately 38%) of HeLa IF proteins was similar to the values obtained for other IF proteins. One dimensional peptide maps show extensive homology between the major HeLa IF protein of 55,000-mol-wt and a similar 55,000-mol-wt protein obtained from hamster fibroblasts (BHK-21). HeLa 55,000-mol-wt homopolymer IF assembled under conditions similar to those required for BHK-21 55,000-mol-wt homopolymers. Several other proteins present in HeLa IF preparations may be keratin-like structural proteins. The results obtained in these studies indicate that the major HeLa IF protein is the same major IF structural protein found in fibroblasts. Ultrastructural studies of HeLa cells revealed two distinct IF organizational stages including bundles and loose arrays. In addition, in vitro reconstituted HeLa IF also exhibited these two organizational states. PMID- 6538885 TI - Egg yolk as a source of antibodies for human parathyroid hormone (hPTH) radioimmunoassay. AB - Chickens were immunized with synthetic hPTH peptides 1-34 and 53-84. Serum from the best responder of each group was compared with IgG obtained from yolk of eggs layed by the same chicken, showing similar properties. A simple method for purification of IgG from yolk is described, allowing the obtaining of substantial amounts of anti-hPTH IgG without the need for bleeding the animals. We conclude that: 1) egg from chickens immunized with synthetic hPTH peptides are a convenient source of antibodies against these peptides; 2) this principle should apply to any other antigen to which chickens are good responders. PMID- 6538884 TI - Effective treatment of verapamil intoxication with 4-aminopyridine in the cat. AB - To study the value of 4-aminopyridine as an antidote to verapamil intoxication, we subjected 12 adult cats to verapamil poisoning by administering doses of 4.0 25.0 mg/kg verapamil by intravenous infusion. Six animals were given 4 aminopyridine 2 X 0.5 mg/kg i.v. after the verapamil infusion was stopped and the other six animals (the control group) were not. Verapamil caused profound cardiovascular depression and also partial neuromuscular block, both of which were completely reversed by 4-aminopyridine within 50 min, in spite of extremely high serum verapamil concentrations (ranging between 3,700 and 13,500 ng/ml). The six animals that received 4-aminopyridine survived the verapamil intoxication, whereas four of the six animals in the control group died. The results suggest that 4-aminopyridine may be useful in the treatment of verapamil intoxication. PMID- 6538886 TI - Radioimmunoassay of serum thymic factor (FTS). AB - We established a radioimmunoassay (RIA) method which enables a quantitative estimation of serum thymic factor (FTS). This assay is based on the displacement of 125I-(Lys[Tyr] 3)-FTS bound to the anti-FTS antibodies by FTS. Formaldehyde fixed Staphylococcus aureus Cowan I cells were used to precipitate the antigen antibody complex. The anti-FTS antiserum was raised in rabbit by repeated injections of FTS-conjugated bovine serum albumin. The antiserum seemed to recognize the carboxy-terminal seven amino acid residues, Lys-Ser-Gln-Gly-Gly-Ser Asn-OH, of the FTS molecule. As little as 0.5 to 1 pg FTS can be detected by this method. To measure the FTS content in the serum, a serum sample was pretreated with 10% trichloroacetic acid and then with ethanol for removal of serum proteins. The FTS content in pig serum was around 22 pg/ml, and that in BALB/c mouse serum was 1.3 pg/ml. The FTS contents in the sera of DBA/2, C57BL/6 and (C57BL/6 X DBA/2)F1 mice were also less than 5 pg/ml. Since more than 70% of FTS exogenously added to pig or mouse serum was recovered, the mouse serum probably contains only a small amount of FTS. PMID- 6538887 TI - Effect of artificial photoperiod on eating behavior and other behavioral observations of dairy cows. AB - Twenty-eight cows were assigned randomly to a daily photoperiod of 18 h light and 6 h darkness or to continuous light and were observed 1 day each month from December 1981 to February 1982. Lighting regimen did not affect eating behavior or milk production. Overall means of total eating time, number of eating bouts, and average time eating per bout on the 3 observation days were 270 to 280 min, 10 to 12 times, and 24 to 27 min. Eating behavior and milk production were not significantly correlated. Eating patterns were similar in both groups and across observation days. Peaks of eating activity occurred before sunset, bracketing the evening milking and after the offering of fresh feed in the morning. Approximately 80% of total eating activity occurred between 0900 and 2100 h in both groups. Cows had a clear preference for entry into the right or left side of the milking parlor, and entry order was repeatable. Milking order and milk production were not correlated. In one group, location of free stalls did not influence utilization; but in the other group, centrally located stalls were utilized more than stalls at either end of the alley. About 40% of cows had individual free stall preferences. PMID- 6538888 TI - [Cytochemical characteristics of bovine spermatozoa after various periods of cryopreservation]. PMID- 6538889 TI - Dieldrin, heptachlor, and chlordane residues in soybeans in Illinois 1974, 1980. AB - The Illinois soybean crop was monitored in 1974 and 1980 for dieldrin, heptachlor, and chlordane residues resulting from the use of these compounds for corn soil insect control in the years before extensive soybean cultivation. Residue levels were compared with past published amounts. Dieldrin residue levels in soybeans declined between 1974 and 1980. Heptachlor and heptachlor epoxide levels remained level between 1974 and 1980. Chlorinated hydrocarbon residues were lower in the southern third of Illinois than for the remainder of the state. PMID- 6538890 TI - Clinical conference: idiopathic portal hypertension. PMID- 6538891 TI - Observations on the bionomics of the free-living stages of Trichostrongylus vitrinus. AB - Eggs of Trichostrongylus vitrinus in faecal pellets deposited on grass plots each month from April 1981 to March 1982 developed into infective larvae. From October to March development was slow and mortality of the pre-infective stages was very high. From April to September development was more rapid. The weather was generally dry and mortality of the pre-infective stages was high on plots with short herbage but was lower on most of the plots with long herbage, especially in July and August. In the laboratory, development of eggs into infective larvae was completed at temperatures ranging from 4 degrees C to 27 degrees C in faecal pellets which were either kept moist or dried out slowly, but not in faecal pellets which dried out rapidly. The rate of development increased as the temperature rose. Infective larvae survived for up to 16 months on the herbage of grass plots; some survived during very cold weather in the winter of 1981/82. In the laboratory, infective larvae suspended in tap water survived even longer at 4 degrees C and 10 degrees C but not at higher temperatures. They were rapidly killed by continuous freezing. They survived for up to 8 weeks when subjected to desiccation. The relationship between climatic conditions and the development and survival of the free-living stages is discussed. PMID- 6538893 TI - Presence of interferon in Middle-Ear fluid during acute otitis media. PMID- 6538892 TI - Separation of viable microfilariae free of blood cells on Percoll gradients. AB - A consistent and reproducible method is described for isolating pure populations of microfilariae of Litomosoides carinii, Brugia pahangi, B. malayi and Dipetalonema viteae, free of cells, from blood, by density gradient centrifugation on Percoll in 0.25 M sucrose. The recovery of the microfilariae was 85 to 97%. PMID- 6538894 TI - Detection of human beta-2 interferon using a radioimmunoassay. AB - Does the human "beta 2 interferon" (HuIFN-beta 2) mRNA of length 1.3 kb obtained from poly(I) X poly(C) and cycloheximide-induced human diploid fibroblasts (FS-4) code for an interferon per se, or for a protein which, in turn, induces IFN-beta in the cell culture assay that is usually used to detect the antiviral activity of the translation product (obtained from Xenopus laevis oocytes) of this mRNA? This question has been resolved by demonstrating that the IFN derived from the 1.3 kb mRNA can be detected by the direct assay of the oocyte translation product in a highly sensitive radioimmunoassay based on a high-affinity polyclonal antibody raised against N-terminal aminoacid sequence pure IFN-beta 1. PMID- 6538896 TI - Complications following postpartum sterilization by bilateral tubal ligation. PMID- 6538895 TI - [Changes in index-F and index-delta 4P in normal pregnancy, labor and the puerperium]. AB - Index-F and index-delta 4P (cortisol and progesterone which are not bound to corticosteroid-binding globulin (CBG) in the umbilical cord vein and the maternal blood were determined during pregnancy, at delivery and puerperium. Index-F and index-delta 4P were calculated as the total cortisol or total progesterone X% unbound to CBG divided by 100. The level of index-F showed a gradual rise during pregnancy, and in late pregnancy reached about 1.5 times as high as that of non pregnant women, whereas the total cortisol level was about 3.3 times. Near delivery, index-F was almost completely stable, but at delivery, it increased suddenly in proportion to the rise in the total cortisol level. This rise is probably due to stress. In the umbilical cord vein blood, the level of index-F was 1.5 times higher than that in the maternal plasma before delivery; however the total cortisol level was lower than that of the maternal plasma. The levels of both index-delta 4P and total progesterone showed a gradual increase during pregnancy in parallel, and each value in late pregnancy was about 4.5 to 4.9 times that of early pregnant women. At or near delivery, the level of index-delta 4P was almost stable and no decrease occurred. In the umbilical cord vein plasma, the levels of index-delta 4P and total progesterone were extremely high. However, the meaning of these results isn't clear. PMID- 6538897 TI - An unusual aetiology of unilateral glue ear in a child. AB - A case of unilateral glue ear in a child of fourteen due to amyloid deposit of the post nasal space is presented. A grommet was inserted through a myringotomy incision. Hearing improved to normal limits post-operatively. Investigations excluded systemic and familial amyloidosis. Extrusion of the grommet was followed by recurrence of the middle ear effusion. The patient's parents refused admission for removal of the amyloid deposit and replacement of the grommet. PMID- 6538898 TI - Autonomous cortical activity in mouse eggs controlled by a cytoplasmic clock. AB - Mouse eggs of Swiss albino origin, both parthenogenetic and fertilized, were bisected into nucleate (NHs) and anucleate halves (AHs) and observed in vitro (semicontinuous observations) for up to 40 h for possible manifestations of cortical activity. Three experimental groups were studied: (1) Non-fertilized eggs activated 17 h after administration of hCG with a heat-shock and bisected 4 h later. (2) Non-fertilized eggs first bisected, and the resulting sister halves activated 17 h after administration of hCG with ethyl alcohol. (3) In vivo fertilized eggs bisected 27 h after administration of hCG into an AH and a binucleate half. Parthenogenetic eggs (intact, zona-free, and incompletely bisected), and fertilized eggs collected 17, 20, and 27 h after administration of hCG were also studied. In the middle of the first cell cycle the cell surface in all types of cells studied changed from smooth to slightly undulate. In nucleate cells the surface deformations lasted for several hours and disappeared shortly before the first mitosis. In contrast, in AHs the indentations of the cell surface deepened, and developed into manifold furrows, thus leading to fragmentation. However, in 20% of AHs fragmentation was partially or completely reversed. The incidence and the intensity of fragmentation were lower, and its reversibility was more common in AHs carrying the 2nd polar body. We suggest that the interphase nucleus, i.e. the pronucleus in whole eggs and NHs, and the 2nd polar body nucleus (if 2nd polary body is attached to an AH) exerts a moderating effect on cortical activity. However, the initiation of cortical activity is nucleus-independent, as shown by the behaviour of AHs separated before activation. We believe that the observed phenomena reflect autonomous cortical activity which is regulated by a cytoplasmic clock. PMID- 6538900 TI - Recovery and perturbation of paw-shake responses in spinal cats. AB - Paw-shake responses (PSRs) were evoked by wrapping masking tape around the hind paw in nine cats spinalized at the T12 level either at 2 or 12 wk of age or as young adults (10-12 mo). Electromyographic responses of ankle extensors (LG and SOL) and one ankle flexor (TA) were recorded through the 6th mo after cord transection. Activity of the LG was used to determine the cycle characteristics. Cycle characteristics did not differ among cats spinalized at different ages. The average PSR, consisting of 11 cycles with a cycle time of 85 ms, was similar to the PSR of normal adult cats (16). Activity in the TA and LG muscles alternated with the onset of the flexor burst occurring at 52% of the extensor cycle. Burst durations averaged 39 and 57 ms for LG and TA muscles, respectively. Relatively normal PSRs were evoked within 48 h following cordotomy of the young-adult cats; differences being that the responses were elicited less frequently with fewer and slightly longer cycle times than normal. Within 2 wk following cord transection, PSR parameters returned to normal values. In the spinal cats, the SOL was active during PSR, showing either tonic low-level activity or discrete bursts that were coactive with the LG. In normal adult cats, the slow extensor (SOL) is usually inactive (16). In spinal cats, participation of the SOL may depend on a conversion of muscle units from slow to fast contracting (8, 13) or on the absence of inhibition of slow motor units from descending tracts (11). Both mechanisms are discussed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6538901 TI - Preserved learning in monkeys with medial temporal lesions: sparing of motor and cognitive skills. AB - In an effort to bring into correspondence the findings from human amnesic patients and the findings from monkeys with surgical lesions of those brain regions thought to be affected in the human cases, we have addressed in three experiments the implication of findings that human amnesia spares motor and cognitive skills. In the first experiment, monkeys with conjoint lesions of hippocampus and amygdala (H-A), which reproduced the surgical removal sustained by the noted amnesic case H.M., were only mildly impaired in learning relatively difficult pattern discrimination tasks. Monkeys with lesions of temporal stem matter (TS) were severely impaired on the same tasks, due to an apparent deficiency in visual information processing. In the second experiment, monkeys with H-A lesions were severely impaired at learning relatively easy discrimination tasks that could be acquired rapidly by normal monkeys. Monkeys with TS lesions were not impaired. In the third experiment, monkeys with H-A lesions exhibited normal acquisition of two motor skill tasks. These data can be understood in the light of a distinction between kinds of memory, founded in recent studies of the neuropsychology of human amnesia. These studies have led to a distinction between the learning of skills or procedures, which is spared in human amnesia, and the learning of facts and episodes, which is impaired. Monkeys with H-A lesions are normal at skill learning like human amnesic patients with similar lesions. This conclusion depends in part on the argument developed here that pattern discrimination learning, as accomplished by monkeys, has a large skill-like component. These results bring into correspondence the behavioral data from human amnesic patients and operated monkeys and set the stage for identifying precisely what brain structures must be damaged to produce amnesia. PMID- 6538899 TI - Schistosoma mansoni. Anti-egg monoclonal antibodies protect against cercarial challenge in vivo. AB - Monoclonal antibodies that bind to surface membranes of developing schistosomula and/or cercarial tails were generated from mice immunized with living schistosome eggs or soluble egg antigen. These monoclonal antibodies detected at least three different surface epitopes. One surface antigen detected by anti-egg monoclonal antibody EG1C4B1 (E.1) persisted on the surface of developing schistosomula for 96 h posttransformation . The same or a cross-reactive antigen was also detected on the surfaces of S. japonicum and S. haematobium schistosomula and cercarial tails. Monoclonal antibody E.1 killed schistosomula in vitro as well or better than infected mouse sera and transferred immunity to naive mice when administered in vivo. The monoclonal antibody reduced the number of lung worms recoverable on day 4 postchallenge by up to 85% and reduced the adult worm burden up to 41% as compared with controls. The data also show that the molecular weights of the egg antigens detected by monoclonal antibody E.1 were different from those detected on schistosomula. PMID- 6538902 TI - Variable predictions of protein quality by chemical score due to amino acid analysis and reference pattern. AB - The amino acid composition of five protein samples (casein, beef, wheat flour, peanut flour and soy protein isolate) was obtained from several sources: various routine analytical procedures, manufacturer's fact sheets, and published data. The amino acid profile from each source was scored against three reference patterns, each based on an estimate of human essential amino acid requirements. Protein quality ratings based on chemical score were variable. Both the chemical score and predicted first-limiting amino acid for a given protein often differed with data source and choice of reference pattern. Some of the predictions contradicted those previously validated by bioassays. The variability in protein quality ratings was reduced somewhat by expressing the data as essential amino acid indices. But this also reduced the degree of difference in protein quality among the various proteins. Although the amino acid profile of food proteins provides an important perspective on their nutritive value, it appears that the imprecision and uncertain accuracy of routine hydrolysis and analytical procedures confound the use of amino acid data for regulating protein quality. The situation is further complicated because human essential amino acid requirements have been variably interpreted, which has led to different reference patterns. PMID- 6538903 TI - Plasma somatomedin-C concentrations in congenital hypothyroidism. PMID- 6538904 TI - In vivo and in vitro pharmacokinetics and fate of furaltadone in meat- and milk producing animals. AB - The metabolism of furaltadone was examined by an in vitro hepatic study in cows and goats and an in vivo study in goats using 14C-labeled and unlabeled drug. The half-life of furaltadone was 13 min in the homogenates of caprine and bovine liver and 35 min in the in vivo study of the goat. Less than 2% of the parent drug was present in the urine of animals dosed either intravenously or intramammarily. No furaltadone was detected in the milk after 24 h. Overall, the parent compound was rapidly absorbed, distributed, and widely degraded in the lactating goat. The compound, labeled at the 2-formyl carbon of the furan ring, had a radioactivity recovery of 81% in the feces and urine. Of the total radioactivity, 99.4% infused into the udder had been absorbed after 72 h. Tissue distributions of radioactivity in decreasing order of abundance were: kidney, udder, liver, duodenum, muscular tissue, adipose tissue, and bile. PMID- 6538905 TI - On the mechanism of dehydration of a beta-hydroxycyclopentanone analogue of prostaglandin E1. AB - The dehydration of the beta-hydroxycyclopentanone, 11,16-dihydroxy-16-methyl-9 oxo-13-trans-protenoic acid methyl ester, an analogue of prostaglandin E1, proceeds with acid catalysis (pH less than 3), by uncatalyzed routes (pH congruent to 4 and congruent to 7), and with base catalysis (pH congruent to 5-6 and greater than 8). Deuterium from the solvent is not introduced alpha to the reactant keto function at 60% reaction at pH congruent to 1, but approximately 30% exchange has occurred at pH congruent to 5, 50% at pH congruent to 7, and 80% at pH congruent to 9. The data are consistent with a mechanism in which the substrate is initially enolized with catalysis by acid, base, and water to a 1,3 enediol, which looses water with catalysis by acid, base, and water. The first stage is rate determining in very acidic solution, while the second stage assumes the limitation of rate to an ever greater degree as the solution becomes more basic. PMID- 6538906 TI - Determination of the average molecular weight of nonionic emulsifiers by vapor phase osmometry. AB - Standard nonionic emulsifiers are heterogeneous by nature. Their reported molecular weight is unreliable, especially when several lots of the product are used in a study. The number-average molecular weights of two nonionic emulsifiers, poloxamer 188 and polyoxyethylene (23) lauryl ether were determined by vapor-phase osmometry. This determination is essential when the concentration should be given in molarity rather than in weight per volume. A discrepancy was noted between the number-average molecular weights of two lots of poloxamer 188. That difference is taken into account prior to the establishment of any comparison of the behavior of the emulsifiers. PMID- 6538907 TI - Premenstrual emotional changes in normal women: fact or fiction? AB - One hundred and eighteen women reported their experiences of symptoms on a daily basis. They were unaware that the study concerned the menstrual cycle. There was evidence of cyclic changes peaking premenstrually and menstrually for physical symptoms but psychological changes occurred randomly throughout the cycle. A possible explanation for the discrepancy between beliefs about the occurrence of symptoms and ratings of symptoms from daily reports is explored. This relies on the experience of random emotional fluctuations and differential patterns of attribution. PMID- 6538908 TI - The blood vascular system in the head of the herring gull (Larus argentatus). AB - The structure and development of the blood vascular system in the head of the herring gull (Larus argentatus) have been studied using injection techniques and histological sections. Three different but interconnected divisions of the arterial system are recognized in the adult: the cerebral carotid artery system, the external ophthalmic artery system, and the external carotid artery system. Embryologically, the arterial system is characterized by changes in the relative development of these divisions; the cerebral carotid system being the most prominent in the first half of the embryonic period. The venous system is divided into two parts, the rostral cephalic system and the caudal cephalic system, which drain separate regions of the head. The Rete ophthalmicum , which is an arteriovenous network associated with the external ophthalmic artery system, can be identified from the fifth day of incubation, and its development appears to be coupled with changes in the arterial supply to the eye. The possibility of a homology between the Rete ophthalmicum of birds and the Rete caroticum of mammals is briefly discussed. PMID- 6538909 TI - Ichthyophonus-like infection in newts (Notophthalmus viridescens Rafinesque). PMID- 6538910 TI - Comparison of the elimination and metabolism of 10% Travamulsion and 10% Intralipid lipid emulsion in the dog. AB - A study was performed comparing the elimination kinetics of two soybean oil/egg phosphatide lipid emulsions (10% Travamulsion vs 10% Intralipid) from the vascular compartment of the dog. Elimination kinetics were evaluated after bolus injection and after continuous infusion studies. Evaluation of triglyceride and free fatty acid data indicates the emulsions are similar metabolic substrates. Phospholipid and cholesterol data indicate a possible difference in remnant particle removal. At the higher lipid dosages, remnant particles from Travamulsion injection were removed at a faster rate than those from Intralipid. PMID- 6538911 TI - Evaluating the accuracy of nutritional assessment techniques applied to hospitalized patients: methodology and comparisons. AB - Herein we describe a methodology which can be used to evaluate the predictive accuracy of nutritional assessment techniques. We use this methodology to compare seven techniques of nutritional assessment in terms of their ability to predict one nutrition associated hospital complication (infection) by dividing a sample of 59 surgical patients into high risk and low risk groups. One technique was subjective global assessment (SGA) of the patient's nutritional status on admission to hospital. Five techniques were single objective measurements (albumin, transferrin, delayed cutaneous hypersensitivity, anthropometry, and creatinine-height index). The 7th technique was the prognostic nutritional index. The best combination of sensitivity (0.82) and specificity (0.72) was found with SGA. The second best combination (0.88 and 0.45) was found by using either the prognostic nutritional index or creatinine-height index. We also found that combining the five objective measurements with SGA into a single index did not increase the discriminatory (or predictive) power over that of SGA alone in a clinically significant way. We conclude that a larger study comparing these approaches should be undertaken to confirm these findings and to develop methods which improve the predictive properties of SGA. PMID- 6538912 TI - The effects on beagles of long-term administration of 20% Travamulsion fat emulsion. AB - The tolerance of 20% Travamulsion intravenous fat emulsion (Travenol Laboratories, Inc., Deerfield, IL) was studied using male beagle dogs. Physiologic (0.9%) saline, USP, was used as the control, and 10% Travamulsion Intravenous fat emulsion (Travenol Laboratories) as the reference article. The 20 and 10% emulsions were administered intravenously to each of eight animals for 91 days at 20 and 40 ml/kg/day, respectively. These dosages were administered over 4 hr and they correspond to approximately 4 g of lipid as soybean oil per kilogram of body weight. The saline was administered to eight animals at 40 ml/kg/day. On day 92, one-half of the animals in each group were necropsied. The remaining dogs were observed and necropsied on day 122. Toxicity was assessed on animal survival; changes in body weight, urinalysis, and hematologic, and serum biochemical analyses; ophthalmologic examination; gross pathology; and histopathology. The results obtained for the 20% Travamulsion fat emulsion correlated well with those for the 10% Travamulsion fat emulsion. The emulsions were well tolerated and all animals survived and gained weight. The 20% Travamulsion fat emulsion administered provided about 45% of the total caloric requirement of the dog, which is equal to an often used clinical dose. However, caloric administration in the form of lipid emulsion in relation to total energy required was performed at three to six times the indicated clinical rate. In addition to demonstrating that it is safe for prolonged administration, the 20% Travamulsion fat emulsion offers an advantage over the 10% Travamulsion fat emulsion in providing the same amount of calories because it produces lower serum levels of phospholipid, cholesterol, and triglyceride, and the volume of emulsion required is reduced. PMID- 6538913 TI - In vitro leukocyte endogenous mediator production is not impaired following surgical stress in moderately malnourished patients. AB - Leukocyte endogenous mediator (LEM), a protein produced by phagocytizing cells, plays a critical role in the metabolic response to injury and infection. There is an important interaction between protein-calorie malnutrition and the capacity of cells to produce LEM, since severely malnourished or severely stressed individuals, have a reduced capacity to produce LEM. The leukocytes of 10 mildly to moderately malnourished patients undergoing elective major surgery, a moderate stress, had an intact ability to produce LEM on preoperative assessment. This ability was not affected by a 5-day postoperative period of hypocaloric nutrient intake despite a significant loss of body protein in one-half of the patients and a significant fall in serum protein concentrations. These results suggest a high biologic priority for LEM production during the metabolic response to injury and for infection. PMID- 6538914 TI - Vasodilator therapy for right ventricular failure. AB - The effects of PGE1 and ISD on right ventricular performance in patients with pulmonary hypertension secondary to chronic lung disease were evaluated, and the following results were obtained. I) Effects of PGE1 on Right Ventricular Failure The effects of PGE1 (intravenous infusion, 0.01 to 0.03 microgram/kg/min) on right ventricular failure were studied in 12 patients with acute exacerbation of chronic respiratory failure. PGE1 resulted in a significant fall in RAP (p less than 0.05), PAMP (from 33.8 +/- 7.6 to 29.3 +/- 5.7 mmHg, p less than 0.005) and TPVR (p less than 0.001), whereas a significant increase in CI (from 3.4 +/- 0.6 to 3.9 +/- 0.6 1/min/m2, p less than 0.001) and SI (p less than 0.005). PaO2 was significantly decreased by PGE1 (p less than 0.02), however PvO2 remained unchanged because of a significant increase of O2-transport (p less than 0.01). PGE1 induced active vasodilation of the pulmonary vascular beds and reduced a right ventricular afterload. We concluded that PGE1 improved the right ventricular failure secondary to chronic lung disease. II) Effects of ISD on Right Ventricular Performance The effects of ISD (intravenous infusion, 0.05 mg/kg/hr) on right ventricular performance were studied at rest and during exercise in 11 patients with clinically stable chronic respiratory failure. At rest and during exercise, ISD induced a significant decrease in RAP, PAMP and CI, however no change in TPVR. RVWI was reduced significantly by ISD (from 2.5 +/- 0.8 to 1.9 +/- 0.5 Kg X m/min/m2, p less than 0.01) during exercise.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6538915 TI - [A case-control study of cancer of the rectum and colon]. PMID- 6538916 TI - [Prevention of retinal detachment in the aphakic eye]. PMID- 6538917 TI - [Delayed platinum diamminodichloride toxicity in patients with germ tumors of the gonads]. PMID- 6538918 TI - [Diagnosis of hypertrophic myocardiopathy by echocardiography]. PMID- 6538919 TI - [A case of choriocarcinoma of the ovary in a woman during the period of genital activity]. PMID- 6538920 TI - [The seromucous tympanum]. AB - In children who underwent adenoidectomy, paracentesis or tympanotomy with tube insertion, secretory otitis media continued in about 30% of 397 ears. In order to prevent degenerative changes of the ear-drum repeated insertion of ventilation tubes had to be performed. Anatomical peculiarities, malformations, hyperplastic adenoids and tonsils, infection of the paranasal sinuses and allergy are discussed as etiologic factors of SOM. PMID- 6538921 TI - [Ear findings in patients with cleft lip-jaw-palate. Experiences from a cleft consultation]. AB - We organized a regular otorhinolaryngologic consulting hour within the framework of interdisciplinary cooperation of medical care for patients with cleft palate. Different diseases of the middle ear are discussed in our study. There is a high incidence of middle ear effusion in patients with cleft palate. Most of the cases with middle ear effusion were treated with tympanotomy tubes. Patients with cleft palates had poorer findings than those with total cleft of lip, upper jaw, hard and soft palate. PMID- 6538922 TI - [Patency of the tympanic tubes]. AB - A middle ear model was used to examine the patency of different tympanostomy tubes. It is concluded that these tubes provide more of a ventilation than a drainage of the tympanum. The patients need not be overcautious with regard to water with which they may come into contact. PMID- 6538923 TI - Diurnal variation of plasma methyl sterols and cholesterol in the rat: relation to hepatic cholesterol synthesis. AB - Free cholesterol of plasma low density lipoproteins (LDL) and high density lipoproteins (HDL) of the rat was high and that of plasma very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) was low during the dark period of the diurnal cycle. Variations in the esterified plasma sterols were inconsistent. Free methyl sterols were high in all lipoproteins during the dark phase. Simultaneously, the incorporation of 14C-acetate into nonsaponifiable sterols and the concentrations of free methyl sterols and cholesterol in the liver were elevated. PMID- 6538924 TI - Influence of culture filtrate of Trichoderma viride and barley on lipid metabolism of laying hens. AB - The suppression of hepatic 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG CoA) reductase and cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase, previously noted in studies of the influences of barley and the filtrate of Trichoderma viride culture (CF) on cholesterol metabolism in sexually immature birds, is shown in sexually mature birds. Barley, CF or both were fed in one study from the day of hatching, in another during the period of sexual maturation and, in a third study, CF was fed to mature layers. CF suppressed HMG CoA reductase by 30-50% and cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase by 32-45% when added to the control diet. In birds fed barley rather than corn, the respective activities were 25-36% and 24-31% lower. These effects were expressed in the lowering of plasma cholesterol by 11-36%. Lipogenic activity based on the assays of 4 enzymes was increased 2-3 times by the treatments and plasma triglyceride elevated by 12-86%. The start of egg production by birds fed CF preceded the controls by 17 days. Birds fed barley trailed controls by 11-14 days. CF countered the barley-conditioned delay. Egg yolk cholesterol concentrations were lowered by both treatments. Eggs produced by hens fed barley were lower in weight; CF increased egg and yolk weights. Tissues from birds fed CF or barley for up to 30 weeks appeared to be normal. PMID- 6538925 TI - Prolonged breast feeding as a prophylaxis for recurrent otitis media: relevance of prostaglandins. PMID- 6538926 TI - [Method of determining the viability of Opisthorchis eggs based on the yield of miracidia under experimental conditions]. PMID- 6538927 TI - [Causative agent of chromomycosis in the USSR and its differentiation from related saprophytic fungi]. PMID- 6538928 TI - [Optical and hydrodynamic properties of DNA complexes with histones H1 from the calf thymus and sea urchin sperm]. AB - A comparative study of the complexes between DNA and H1 histones from calf thymus (H1-T) and sea urchin sperm (H1-S) has been performed using methods of flow birefringence, viscometry and circular dichroism (CD). Both nucleohistone complexes undergo a conformational transition with the increase of protein content. A two-fold drop of intrinsic viscosity was observed when the histone content in the complex increased up to 9-12%. The transition is not accompanied by essential changes in the nucleohistone anisotropy, the latter coincides with the anisotropy of DNA in H1-T containing complexes and is close to that in H1-S containing complexes. CD spectra of the two types of complexes are not the same. For the H1-S containing complexes the decrease of the amplitude of the CD positive band and the shift of its maximum to the longwave region are observed while the spectrum of H1-T containing complex coincides with that of DNA. The spectral changes are partly due to slight aggregation of the H1-S containing complexes. It is also possible that changes in the local structure of DNA within the H1-S containing nucleohistone complexes take place. PMID- 6538929 TI - Recessive constitutive mutant Chinese hamster ovary cells (CHO-K1) with an altered A system for amino acid transport and the mechanism of gene regulation of the A system. AB - Chinese hamster ovary cells (CHO-K1) starved for 24 h for amino acids show a severalfold increase in velocity of proline transport through the A system (Vmax is five times that of unstarved cells). This increase is inhibited by cycloheximide, actinomycin D, N-methyl-alpha-amino isobutyric acid (MeAIB, a non metabolizable specific A system amino acid analog), and by other amino acids that are generally transported by the A system. However, transport by the A system is not a prerequisite for this repression, and all compounds that have affinity for the A system do not necessarily act as "co-repressors." The addition of proline, MeAIB, or other amino acids, as described above, to derepressed cells results in a rapid decrease in A system activity. As shown with proline and MeAIB, this decrease in activity is in part due to a rapid trans-inhibition and a slow, irreversible inactivation of the A system. Neither process is inhibited by cycloheximide or actinomycin D. Alanine antagonizes the growth of CHO-K1 pro cells by preventing proline transport, and alanine-resistant mutants (alar) have been isolated (Moffett et al., Somatic Cell Genet. 9:189-213, 1983). alar2 and alar4 are partial and full constitutive mutants for the A system and have two and six times the Vmax for proline uptake by the A system, respectively. The A system in alar4 is also immune to the co-repressor-induced inactivation. Both alar2 and alar4 phenotypes are recessive. Alar3 shows an increase in Vmax and Km for proline transport through the A system, and this phenotype is codominant. All three mutants have a pleiotropic effect, producing increases in activity of the ASC and P systems of amino acid transport. This increase is not due to an increase in the Na+ gradient. The ASC and P phenotypes behave similarly to the A system in hybrids. A model has been proposed incorporating these results. PMID- 6538930 TI - [Angiosarcoma of the liver after short-term arsenic therapy]. PMID- 6538931 TI - Early mouse embryos exhibit strain variation in radiation-induced sister chromatid exchange: relationship with DNA repair. AB - Although mature mammalian sperm are incapable of DNA repair, repair of damaged sperm DNA can occur after fertilization, as the sperm head decondenses and forms the male pronucleus. To quantify the cytogenetic effects of damage to sperm DNA we adapted the sister-chromatid exchange (SCE) test for use in early mouse embryos. After ultraviolet (UV) irradiation of sperm, eggs were fertilized in vitro and cultured for 2 cell cycles in medium containing fluorodeoxyuridine and bromodeoxyuridine; chromosomes were then prepared for SCE analysis. We found that UV-induced SCEs could be detected at the second cleavage division, and that eggs of different strains showed different frequencies of SCEs when fertilized by damaged sperm of a single strain. These results may indicate strain-specific differences in DNA repair of UV-induced DNA lesions by the early mouse embryo. PMID- 6538932 TI - Coronary thrombolysis with tissue-type plasminogen activator. PMID- 6538933 TI - Study of the conidial development and cleistothecium-like structure of some strains of Fonsecaea pedrosoi. Comparison with other close Dematiaeae. AB - The production of twenty-seven strains of Fonsecaea pedrosoi was studied. The denticulate type (asexual reproduction) showed three morphological variations: medium-size, long and sessile forms. These forms can be used to characterize the different strains isolated especially for epidemiological purposes. Only one strain (MR 1335) isolated from a chromomycosis case in Martinique showed a cleistothecium-like structure. This formation was compared to that observed in Phialophora verrucosa, another agent of chromomycosis, and to the cleistothecium of Dictyotrichiella mansonii, the perfect state of Wangiella mansonii which is a saprophyte fungus. PMID- 6538934 TI - Influence of animal hibernation on the development of mycoses. AB - The development of adiaspiromycosis and trichophytosis depending upon the state of activity of red-cheeked squirrels is described. The conidia of Chrysosporium (Emmonsia) parvum var. crescens, are not transformed into adiaspores when injected into hibernating animals. During the hibernation period of four months, most of the conidia die. After awakening, the remaining viable conidia are transformed into adiaspores. During hibernation the squirrels, which had been infected with Trichophyton mentagrophytes var. granulosum, developed a symptom free infection. PMID- 6538935 TI - Retinitis pigmentosa. Progress in sight. PMID- 6538936 TI - Characterization of forskolin binding sites in rat brain membranes using [14,15 3H]14,15-dihydroforskolin as a ligand. AB - [14,15-3H]14,15-Dihydroforskolin [( 3H]DHF) has been used as a radioactive ligand to identify forskolin binding sites in rat brain membranes. The binding was saturable and reversible. The binding sites showed positive cooperative properties as evident from an upward convex Scatchard plot and a Hill coefficient of 1.6. The equilibrium dissociation constants (KD) were in the range between 10 microM and 10 nM as estimated from the limiting slopes of the curved Scatchard plot. Half-maximal saturation of the binding sites was observed at a ligand concentration of 225 nM. The binding kinetics were very rapid: Binding equilibrium was reached in less than 2 min and a large excess of cold forskolin displaced 80% of the radioligand within 2 min. The dissociation reaction was not first order, characterized by a decreasing dissociation rate constant. Bound [3H]DHF could be displaced with forskolin (IC50 0.3 microM), 14,15 dihydroforskolin (IC50 0.8 microM) and 7-desacetylforskolin (IC50 3 microM). However, nucleotides (ATP, GTP) and other receptor ligands (adenosine, isoproterenol) had no effect on the binding. Although the density of the forskolin binding sites (3.2 pmole/mg protein) is similar to those of other adenylate cyclase linked receptors, discrepancies between the KD and the ED50 obtained in adenylate cyclase studies and the finding that activation of the enzyme by forskolin is negative cooperative makes it difficult to clearly relate the binding sites to adenylate cyclase. PMID- 6538937 TI - About mom and babe--an approach to post partum teaching. PMID- 6538938 TI - The role of central dopaminergic processes in chemical carcinogenesis. AB - The effect of chemical carcinogen N-nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA) was studied in white noninbred male rats in a series of experiments. The animals treated with dopamine receptor agonist (apomorphine) showed statistically significant inhibition of carcinogenesis. Dopamine receptor antagonist (haloperidol) showed a tendency to stimulate the carcinogenesis. Also, the modifying effect of NDEA on behavior stereotypy and aggressiveness of experimental animals was found following apomorphine injection at various dosages. The data obtained are discussed from the point of view of the leading role of ANS in homeostatic regulation of the organism and in carcinogenesis. PMID- 6538939 TI - Acute and chronic caffeine exposure effects on play fighting in the juvenile rat. AB - Effects of acute and chronic exposure to caffeine on the behavior of juvenile rats were assessed in three experiments. In Experiment 1, two indices of play fighting--pin frequency and duration--were decreased and locomotor activity was increased in dose dependent fashions by caffeine. Social investigation of another juvenile was not affected by the drug. In Experiment 2, juvenile rats were isolated and given caffeine in their drinking fluid for 10-11 days. Play fighting was increased by all except the highest caffeine dose. In Experiment 3, juveniles were housed in groups of four and received either tap water or caffeine in their drinking fluid. Pin frequency of caffeine treated subjects was lower than controls on days 2-4, and higher than controls on days 9-11 after caffeine treatment was initiated. Evidently, caffeine has inhibitory and facilitatory effects on juvenile play fighting behavior, contingent on duration of exposure to the drug. PMID- 6538940 TI - Adjustment of pineal melatonin and N-acetyltransferase rhythms to change from long to short photoperiod in the Djungarian hamster Phodopus sungorus. AB - In the Djungarian hamster Phodopus sungorus, the daily temporal pattern of synthesis and release of pineal hormone melatonin, mainly the length of the period of elevated melatonin levels, may be involved in transferring the information on day length to the neuroendocrine-gonadal axis. The present study investigated the time course of adjustment of the rhythm in melatonin production and concentration to the change from long to short photoperiods. Adult female Djungarian hamsters, maintained on a regime of 16 h of light and 8 h of darkness per day (LD 16:8) were transferred to the LD regime 8:16 and the daily rhythms in the pineal melatonin concentration and in the pineal N-acetyltransferase activity, as an indicator of melatonin formation, were studied at various intervals following the transfer. Under LD 16:8, the nocturnal melatonin concentration was elevated for 4.8 h. After 3 days on LD 8:16, no extension of the period of high melatonin levels occurred. 2, 4 and 6 weeks after the transfer to LD 8:16, the period of elevated melatonin levels lasted for 8.1, 9.3 and 11.5 h, respectively. Extension of the melatonin pattern proceeded first predominantly into the morning hours. Only after this extension was completed, a considerable extension into the evening hours began. Extension of the N-acetyltransferase rhythm on short photoperiods proceeded in the same way as that of the melatonin rhythm. The data show that while a change in the photoperiod might be seen by hamsters within 2 weeks after the transfer to LD 8:16, the full shortening of the photoperiod might be recognized only within 6 weeks or later.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6538941 TI - Leucine-enkephalin modulation of catecholamine positive chronotropy in rat atria is receptor-specific and calcium-dependent. AB - Leucine-enkephalin (LE) at 10(-8) M reduces the maximum chronotropic response of isolated spontaneously beating rat atria to exogenously added (-)-norepinephrine (NE) by approximately 27%, with no effect on the NE ED50 (1.5 X 10(-7) M) for positive chronotropy. This modulatory effect of LE is completely blocked by addition of 10(-7) M naloxone, and seems to be catecholamine-receptor specific, since the positive chronotropic response to forskolin is unaltered in the presence of LE. Isoproterenol (ISO)-induced positive chronotropy is also attenuated by LE. This effect is markedly dependent on the extracellular calcium concentration: LE actually causes a greater than two-fold enhancement of the positive chronotropic effect of ISO at low (0.5 mM) extracellular calcium concentration. A possible role for enkephalins to modulate catecholamine action on the heart via an alteration of catecholamine-induced inward calcium flux is discussed. PMID- 6538942 TI - Protein metabolism in structures of the autonomic nervous system in acute experimental emotional stress. PMID- 6538943 TI - [Pregnancy and labor in the elderly primigravida]. PMID- 6538944 TI - [Antithrombosis prophylaxis with subcutaneous calciparin in high-risk pregnancies]. PMID- 6538945 TI - Neurotoxicology of manganese. Clinical and experimental research advances. Dedicated to Dr. George C. Cotzias, June 16, 1918-June 13, 1977. PMID- 6538946 TI - The effects of manganese on the cholinergic receptor in vivo and in vitro may be mediated through modulation of free radicals. AB - Incubation of rat brain tissue in the presence of catecholamine autoxidation products catalysed by manganese led to a dose-dependent decrease in high-affinity binding of 3H-QNB. Such effects may be due to receptor destruction or inactivation through membrane damage mediated by free radicals or cytotoxic quinones arising from the powerful in vitro effects in catalysing dopamine autoxidation. In contrast, administration of manganese to neonatal rats for fourteen days resulted in an increase in 3H-QNB binding in the striatum but not in other brain regions. Inhibition of lipid peroxidation by manganese treatment was also most pronounced in the striatum. Thus, manganese can display remarkable dichotomy in acting both as pro-oxidant or powerful antioxidant. The prevailing state may be dictated under pathological conditions by the redox status of a particular region of brain as well as by the amount of manganese deposited there. Under physiological conditions endogenous manganese may subserve a neuromodulatory role in specific neural areas related to control of redox bioenergetics. PMID- 6538947 TI - Effects on the postnatal development of the mouse of preconception, postconception and/or suckling exposure to manganese via maternal inhalation exposure to MnO2 dust. AB - Female mice were exposed either to MnO2 dust (7 hours/day, 5 days/week) or filtered air (control group) for 16 weeks prior to conception. On day 1 of gestation, half of each of these groups was assigned randomly either to MnO2 dust or filtered air exposure until day 17 of gestation. To separate effects of prenatal maternal exposure to MnO2 from postnatal exposure of offspring to Mn via suckling, a complete fostering/-cross-fostering design was employed. Compared to control mothers, mothers exposed to MnO2 prior to conception produced significantly larger litters. Prenatal exposure resulted in reduced neonatal activity scores and retarded offspring growth that persisted into adulthood. Offspring reared by mothers exposed to MnO2 prior to conception and filtered air postconception had significantly lower day 7 postpartum weights compared to offspring reared by mothers exposed to filtered air both prior to and postconception. Also, offspring reared by mothers exposed to MnO2 prior to conception and filtered air postconception had higher day 12 activity scores compared to offspring reared by mothers exposed to filtered air prior to conception and MnO2 postconception. Prenatal exposure to MnO2 depressed neonate activity and continued exposure, via suckling, intensified this depression. Offspring exposed prenatally to MnO2 were retrieved faster than control offspring. Rearing frequency, exploratory behavior, and scores in tests having an activity component were depressed for sexually mature offspring who had been exposed to MnO2 both in utero and via suckling. Independent of in utero exposure history, sexually mature offspring reared by mothers exposed to Mn had significantly reduced cerebellum + brain stem mitochondrial Mn levels. Also, sexually mature offspring of mothers exposed to filtered air that were reared by MnO2 -exposed mothers had lower cerebral mitochondrial Mn levels than offspring of control mothers reared by control foster mothers. PMID- 6538948 TI - Manganese and extrapyramidal disorders (a critical review and tribute to Dr. George C. Cotzias). AB - In this essay we first review the important contributions of Dr. George Cotzias to the understanding of chronic manganese intoxication and of manganese metabolism in man and animals. We also indicate the original contribution of Dr. John Donaldson to the mechanism of the neurotoxicity of manganese. In a second phase, the author challenges the tenet that Parkinson's disease is a form of chronic manganese intoxication and that manganism is an experimental model for Parkinson's disease. Clinical, pathological, experimental and biochemical evidence are brought to bear on this argument. Thirdly the author proposes that the necessary event to the so-called "depigmentation" of the substantia nigra and subsequent bradykinetic "low dopamine" syndrome is an early enhanced turnover of dopamine. Manganese intoxication is only one of the factors which may serve as a trigger to this event. Many others are also listed. In opposition to current views, who look for causal factors in Parkinson's disease along the pathways for melanogenesis, the author thus proposes a novel hypothesis which envisions a variety of transient "trigger factors" acting at the dopamine synapse to increase dopamine turnover. In turn, this increased synthesis of dopamine favours the production of large quantities of free radicals within the cell bodies in the substantia nigra, eventually overflowing the scavenging capacity of neuromelanin and their protective barrier, and causing cell death. The resulting decreased pool of dopamine-producing cells leads to a self-perpetuating situation of ever increasing demand on the remaining cells, and "progression" of the disease. Finally the author stresses the fact that genetic factors may play a role in an individual's susceptibility to such triggers. Again defective manganese transport, metabolism or binding are only some of the mechanisms possibly underlying such genetic predisposition to induced basal ganglia disorders. Further studies relating to manganese in these disorders and particularly in Parkinson's disease should focus not on the "intoxication" part of the overload and its striatopallidal consequences, but on the intimate mechanism of destabilization of the homeostatic regulator in neuromelanin bearing cells, even after the exposure period. PMID- 6538949 TI - Brain manganese concentrations in human aging and Alzheimer's disease. AB - Manganese levels have been measured in various brain regions in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and aging using instrumental neutron activation analysis. Mn grand mean for all regions was 0.261 micrograms/g for adult controls and 0.245 micrograms/g for AD and the differences were not statistically significant (p less than 0.05). Highest Mn levels were found in the basal ganglia in controls and AD. No significant alterations in Mn were found with advancing age suggesting that the brain has an efficient homeostatic mechanism regulating Mn concentrations. Mn exhibited a significant positive correlation with Fe. Infants had a significantly lower brain Mn level compared to adults. PMID- 6538950 TI - The effect of manganese inhalation on basal ganglia dopamine concentrations in rhesus monkey. AB - Manganese (Mn) may produce neurotoxicity in man through inhalation of Mn dust. Animals exposed to excessive Mn develop neurological abnormalities, and neuropathological lesions in the brain mainly in the globus pallidus with decreased concentrations of the neurotransmitter, dopamine (DA), in the brain. Monkeys exposed to Mn by inhalation did not produce any abnormal movements. After two years, the animals were sacrificed and certain brain areas were compared to controls. There were significant decreases in DA concentration in caudate and globus pallidus, and there was a 60-80% increase in Mn concentration in the basal ganglia of the brain. The DA system in the basal ganglia is vulnerable to the effects of Mn, but the amount of Mn inhaled and the period of exposure would appear to determine whether abnormal neurological signs develop. PMID- 6538951 TI - Catecholamine toxicity: a proposal for the molecular pathogenesis of manganese neurotoxicity and Parkinson's disease. AB - An hypothesis is presented which attempts to relate the pathogenesis of both manganese neurotoxicity and Parkinson's disease to cytotoxicity from products of catecholamine oxidation. These include the products resulting from the partial reduction of oxygen (superoxide anion, hydroxyl radical, and hydrogen peroxide) and the semiquinones and ortho quinones produced during autoxidation or oxidation of catecholamines initiated by trivalent manganese. PMID- 6538952 TI - [Improved method of ectopic transplantation of the whole spleen in mice]. AB - A simple and reliable technique has been developed for transplantation of the whole mouse spleen on the kidney. This technique ensures sufficient structural and functional recovery (transfer) of the original splenic microenvironments with a survival rate of 100%. The method allows counting the antibody-producing cells, as well as the spleen colony-forming units on the ectopic splenic territories. It may be used for studying hemopoietic and lymphoid microenvironments or for other special purposes. PMID- 6538953 TI - [Effect of fetal adrenal hormones on the reactivity of the hypothalamo hypophyseal-adrenocortical system in the adult rat]. AB - It was found in the experiments on adult males, descendants of the intact or adrenalectomized (prior to mating) female rats which were injected during the pregnancy with adrenaline, hydrocortisone or saline solution, that the reaction of their hypophysial-adrenocortical system to emotional stress or injection of noradrenaline into brain were inversely proportional to the content of corticosteroids, rather than of adrenaline, in the blood of their mothers during the pregnancy. On the other hand, the coupled changes of the levels of corticosteroids and adrenaline in the blood of pregnant mothers only was accompanied by the marked decrease in the sensitivity of brain cholinergic mechanisms in descendants. Hence, the changes of the levels of both adrenaline and corticosterids in the blood of pregnant females modify the reactivity of hypophysial-adrenocortical system of adult descendants, apparently, via the development of brain neurochemical mechanisms in the foetuses. But the role of these hormones is different. PMID- 6538954 TI - von Hippel-Lindau disease: a familial, often lethal, multi-system phakomatosis. AB - A review of 36 cases of von Hippel-Lindau disease underscores the important role of the ophthalmologist in evaluating this phakomatosis. Retinal angiomatosis occurred in almost two-thirds of those affected, was usually diagnosed before other target organs, and frequently led to decreased visual acuity. Common non ophthalmic manifestations included cerebellar (69%), medullary (11%) and spinal (8%) hemangioblastoma, renal cell carcinoma (22%), and polycythemia (17%). Pheochromocytoma was a les common association. The most common causes of death were cerebellar hemangioblastoma and renal cell carcinoma. For the surveillance of suspected von Hippel-Lindau victims, a detailed family history and retinal examination is recommended. Essential laboratory tests include a complete blood count and computed tomography of the head, upper cervical region, and abdomen. Periodic pre-symptomatic screening is imperative for follow-up investigation of affected individuals to determine possible additional occult manifestations and of non-affected family members at risk to von Hippel-Lindau disease. PMID- 6538956 TI - Behavior modification behind wheel. PMID- 6538957 TI - Surrogate motherhood and criminal law. PMID- 6538955 TI - The heredity and treatment of angle-closure glaucoma secondary to iris and ciliary body cysts. AB - Three families with peripheral iris and ciliary body cysts are described. The cysts were multiple in 10 of the 11 affected patients, and they were bilateral in 8 of the 11. Angle closure glaucoma secondary to the cysts was present in 4 of the 11 cases. The management of this glaucoma requires a high index of suspicion, careful gonioscopic evaluation and proper medical and/or surgical treatment. Laser therapy for the angle closure caused by pigmented cysts may be curative. Nonpigmented ciliary body cysts are refractory to argon laser treatment and carry a poor prognosis. The cases described suggest an autosomal dominant hereditary pattern. The importance of examination and follow up of healthy relatives of patients with iris and ciliary body cysts is stressed, as early detection and treatment by laser cystotomy may prevent or cure angle closure glaucoma if the disease is diagnosed prior to the establishment of synechial closure. PMID- 6538958 TI - Standard fringe package for medical practice. PMID- 6538959 TI - Primary abdominal pregnancy in the spleen: a case report. AB - The spleen was the source of hemorrhage in a 27-yr-old woman, known to be 6 wk pregnant when she presented in acute shock for intra-abdominal bleeding requiring immediate resuscitation and emergency laparotomy. Microscopic examination of the splenectomy specimen demonstrated a primary pregnancy implanted within the subcapsular splenic parenchyma. PMID- 6538960 TI - [Functional characteristics of the left ventricle of rabbits in experimental arterial hypertension in chronic alcoholic intoxication]. PMID- 6538961 TI - Soy formula. PMID- 6538962 TI - [Characteristics of thrombocytopenic purpura in infants in the 1st year of life]. PMID- 6538963 TI - [Content of circulating immune complexes and complement in idiopathic thromocytopenic purpura in children]. PMID- 6538964 TI - [Acid-base function of the blood in iron-deficiency anemia in children]. PMID- 6538965 TI - [Bile acid content of the bile of newborn infants with hemolytic disease]. PMID- 6538966 TI - Estrogen replacement therapy. Universal remedy for the postmenopausal woman? AB - The menopausal woman is in a state of estrogen deficiency that induces a variety of metabolic, structural, and symptomatic disturbances. Indications for estrogen replacement therapy include vasomotor symptoms, psychosomatic complaints, urogenital atrophy, prevention of osteoporosis, and prevention of coronary heart disease. Potential risks of therapy include development of endometrial and breast cancer. The incidence of both can be decreased with combination estrogen progestin therapy. Future research efforts should be directed toward identifying the postmenopausal woman at increased risk for osteoporosis and/or coronary heart disease. PMID- 6538967 TI - The synthesis and accumulation of cholesteryl esters by the developing embryo of the domestic fowl. AB - A comparative study has been made of the accumulation and synthesis of cholesteryl esters in the liver, yolk sac membrane, and yolk contents of the chick embryo during the last week of development. This involved a comparison of the cholesteryl esters synthesized during incubation in vitro with 14C cholesterol with those accumulated during incubation in vivo. Results indicated that the considerable accumulation of cholesteryl esters, mainly cholesteryl oleate, that occurred within the liver during embryo development arose from synthesis in the yolk sac membrane. This suggested a specific role in the transport of yolk lipid into the embryo. With the approach of hatching the ability of the liver to synthesize its own cholesteryl esters increased while that of the yolk sac membrane decreased. PMID- 6538968 TI - [Lipid content and fatty acid composition of the higher edible fungus--the oyster mushroom Pleurotus ostreatus (Fr.) Kummer]. AB - The content of free lipids in wild and cultivated plant bodies, as well as in the surface and deep mycelium of the higher edible basidiomycete Pleurotus ostreatus (Fr.) Kummer--Oyster mushroom--was studied. By means of GL chromatography fatty acids with the number of C atoms from 8 to 20 were identified. In plant bodies and mycelium of the Oyster mushroom unsaturated fatty acids preveil; the main portion falls to oleic acid (up to 56%). PMID- 6538970 TI - Psychosomatic medicine: a critique. PMID- 6538969 TI - [Participation of brain neuromediator systems in the action of parlodel on prolactin and luteinizing hormone secretion by the rat hypophysis]. AB - The data are presented, obtained in experiments on cyclic female rats. The blood prolactin and luteinizing hormone content was examined and the dopamin level in the preoptic region and mediobasal hypothalamus was determined after a single parlodel injection to animals during the proestrous and/or estrous stage. The most pronounced effect of the drug manifested itself in a decrease in the blood prolactin content, especially in rats within the proestrous stage and, to a lesser degree, during the estrous cycle. An increased dopamin level in the mediobasal hypothalamus and the brain preoptic region of the animals during the proestrous stage was probably secondary. Marked changes in the serotonin levels were not revealed. It is suggested that the relationship between the lactotropic and luteotropic functions of the hypophysis is conditioned, to a considerable extent, by the dopaminergic system of both brain regions, involving in regulation of the gonadotropin secretion. The cyclicity disturbance was not prevented and the estrous cycle was not restored in female rats under experimental conditions of hyperestrogenemia after dopamin precursor injection. PMID- 6538971 TI - Mechanism of the stimulatory effect of phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate on cellular production of plasminogen activator. AB - The human Bowes melanoma cell line secretes a plasminogen activator identical to the extrinsic tissue plasminogen activator (EPA) and different from the urokinase like plasminogen activators mostly found in human tumor lines. In the continuous presence of 100 ng/ml of phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) the 24-hr production of EPA was increased 5.3-fold (average). Preincubation of the cultures for a limited time period (optimally 3 to 6 hr) also resulted in an increase of the subsequent 24-hr production. EPA produced in the presence of PMA was serologically indistinguishable from that produced spontaneously and its molecular weight as defined by sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and fibrin-agar zymography was the same as that of spontaneously produced EPA. Treatment of the cells with actinomycin D inhibited PMA-induced EPA production. Also, RNA extracted from PMA-treated cells became enriched in mRNA for EPA. It is concluded that PMA acts by enhancing the transcription of the EPA gene. Cell-associated EPA levels were increased, even when tested as early as 3 hr after initiation of the PMA treatment, thus failing to support the view that increased EPA synthesis occurred as a result of depletion of the cellular pool. PMID- 6538972 TI - Opiate withdrawal: the result of conditioning or physiological mechanisms? AB - Although it has been suggested that opiate withdrawal responses might be conditioned compensatory responses elicited by drug-associated stimuli, the present results do not support such a view. Withdrawal, as measured by an aversion to a saccharin solution following the termination of morphine administration, occurred independent of the presence of morphine-paired environmental or temporal cues. These results suggest that withdrawal is most likely the result of some physiological mechanism, rather than the result of conditioning. PMID- 6538973 TI - Contrasting effects of d-amphetamine on affiliation and aggression in monkeys. AB - Amphetamine has been observed to alter conditioned or learned behavior in individually housed animals, as well as naturally-occurring behavior characteristic of animals living in groups. This study is concerned with the effects of d-amphetamine on affiliative and aggressive behavior in adult male stumptail macaques (Macaca arctoides) living in a large, heterogeneous social group. Using standardized observational techniques, the affiliative and aggressive behaviors initiated by five adult male monkeys were characterized and quantitated in the absence of and following drug administration. Acute administration of a range of doses of d-amphetamine (0.003-0.56 mg/kg) resulted in a monotonically depressive effect on the rate of affiliative behavior initiated by the experimental animals. In contrast, d-amphetamine increased the rate of aggressive behavior initiated by the highest- and lowest-ranking monkeys, and had little or no effect in the mid-ranking monkeys. These results show that d amphetamine can have qualitatively different effects on affiliative and aggressive behavior in the same subjects. The results also provide evidence that the effects of d-amphetamine can be determined by the hierarchical or dominance position of the subject in the group. PMID- 6538974 TI - Oxazepam induced mouse killing by rats. AB - Oxazepam (2.5-80 mg/kg) induced significant mouse killing among large samples (N = 100/dose) of Holtzman strain albino rats. Meprobamate (2.5-80 mg/kg) and Chlorpromazine (0.5-4 mg/kg) did not induce killing. Despite its lesser tendency to induce aggression in humans, Oxazepam is as potent as Chlordiazepoxide for inducing killing by rats. Induction of mouse killing by rats appears to the predict clinical potency rather than the aggressive side-effects of anxiolytic benzodiazepines. PMID- 6538975 TI - A generalized learning deficit in albino rats with early median raphe or pontine reticular formation lesions. AB - Recent studies suggest that lesions of the median raphe or pontine reticular formation in adult rats are associated with a nonspecific (generalized) learning impairment. The present study showed that lesions in the region of the median raphe or pontine reticular formation in 21 day old rats likewise produced a nonspecific learning impairment, as evidence by significant deficits on a visual discrimination, nonvisual incline plane discrimination, 3-cul maze, and three simple spatial problems. The finding that relatively large lateral pontomesencephalic lesions did not lead to deficient learning of any of these tasks indicates that lesion locus rather than lesion size is responsible for the production of the learning deficits observed in this study. PMID- 6538976 TI - Taming in wild rats following medial amygdaloid lesions. AB - Flight behavior, startle reactions, and defensiveness to nonpainful stimuli were examined before and after medial amygdaloid lesions in wild Rattus norvegicus and R. rattus. Lesions which included bilateral damage to the medial nucleus strongly reduced defensiveness but had no effect on flight behavior. In contrast, damage to nearby medial structures, which spared the medial nucleus, had no effect on defensiveness but reduced flight behavior. All lesions produced a transient decrease in activity but had no effect on startle reactions. The results suggest a differential organization of flight and defense behavior within the medial amygdala. PMID- 6538977 TI - Role of the amygdala in the reproductive and aggressive behavior of the lizard, Anolis carolinensis. AB - Thirteen male green anole lizards were lesioned in the ventromedial nucleus (VMN) of the posterior dorsal ventricular ridge ("amygdala") and/or the paleostriatum (PS) to determine the influence of these structures on assertion and challenge displays addressed to male intruders, or courtship displays and copulatory neckgrip directed toward females. Lesions that affected both VMN and PS reduced or eliminated both challenge and courtship displays as well as the neckgrip, a crucial component in courtship. Subjects with lesions limited to VMN had assertion and challenge left unimpaired but courtship was reduced and neckgrip eliminated in most subjects. A lesion restricted to PS caused a significant deficit in challenge while other measures were unaffected. These data indicate that the VMN is involved in reproductive function in the green anole lizard. PMID- 6538978 TI - Sucrose and polysaccharide induced obesity in the rat. AB - Adult male rats were fed, in addition to chow and water, solutions (32%) of either sucrose, Polycose (a bland-tasting polysaccharide), or Polycose sweetened with 0.2% saccharin. The solutions were available for two 30-day periods when the rats were 90-120, and 180-210 days of age. A control group received only chow and water during these periods. During the second 30-day test the Polycose and Saccharin- Polycose groups were hyperphagic and gained as much excess weight as did the Sucrose group. The sucrose-fed rats, however, did not overeat relative to the control animals. Adding saccharin to the Polycose failed to increase total caloric intake or weight gain, but did increase Polycose intake and percent carbohydrate intake. The intakes of both Polycose solutions were greater than that of the sucrose solution, although in brief two-bottle preference tests the sucrose solution was preferred over the Polycose and saccharin- Polycose solutions. A similar pattern of results was obtained during the first test period, but the group differences were less pronounced. The findings demonstrate that carbohydrate-induced obesity is not unique to sweet-tasting sugars, but can also be produced by bland-tasting polysaccharides. Sweet taste does increase polysaccharide preference and intake, however. PMID- 6538979 TI - Effect of a cold ambient temperature on the rat's food hoarding behavior. AB - In a first experiment, the amount of food hoarded in three hour sessions (HB) by eight food deprived rats, was measured at three ambient temperatures: 30, 17.5 and 5 degrees C. At the three temperatures, the mass of food pellets hoarded by the rats was linearly related to the rats' body weight (BW) with a negative slope. The slope of the regression lines was significantly higher at 5 and 17.5 degrees C than at 30 degrees C. In a second experiment, BW and HB of ten non deprived rats were measured every day, first at 30, then at 10 degrees C, then at 30 degrees C again (70 days). In the cold environment, HB immediately increased without BW loss. This effect was immediately reversible by the adjunction of an insulating styrofoam mattress. HB of non deprived rats in the cold was therefore more a thermoregulatory behavior than an alimentary response. In a third experiment, ad lib fed or deprived rats could hoard either food pellets or styrofoam lumps at 30 degrees C or at 5 degrees C. In the cold environment, when non-deprived, the rats hoarded styrofoam rather than food. However, as soon as they were food deprived, they reversed their choice and hoarded food rather than styrofoam. It is concluded that food can be hoarded as a thermal insulator in a cold environment but HB is mainly an alimentary response increased by a cold stress. PMID- 6538980 TI - Social play in juvenile rats during scopolamine withdrawal. AB - Scopolamine induced blockade of play fighting in juvenile rats and the rapid induction of behavioral tolerance to an initially effective dosage suggested a rebound in social play following chronic scopolamine exposure. Juvenile rats received daily intraperitoneal scopolamine or saline injections for one week. Play soliciting and play fighting behavior were then measured at 24 and 168 hr after drug withdrawal. Scopolamine treated juveniles engaged in markedly greater play soliciting and play fighting behavior than did controls. Drug-induced increase in muscarinic receptors and supersensitivity to endogenous acetylcholine following scopolamine withdrawal is suggested as the basis for observed differences in social play. PMID- 6538981 TI - Magnetic fields abolish the enhanced nocturnal analgesic response to morphine in mice. AB - Mice given morphine displayed diel rhythms in the latency of their behavioral response to placement on a hot plate, there being a several fold increase in their nocturnal reaction times. Exposure to a rotating magnetic field eliminated the day-night analgesia rhythms, reducing over 5-10 days the enhanced nocturnal latencies to those found during the day. The attenuation returned to normal nocturnal levels several days after removal of the rotating magnetic field and could be subsequently re-established by reapplication of the magnetic field condition. It is suggested that these changes in analgesia may reflect alterations in the activity of the pineal gland during exposure to magnetic fields. PMID- 6538982 TI - Aggression, body temperature, and stress ulcer. AB - Female rats which were exposed to supine restraint plus cold for 3 hr and were able to bite a passing nylon brush, developed fewer gastric lesions as compared to control rats which were similarly restrained but did not have access to the aggressive biting response. A second study, wherein rats were exposed to two restraint sessions, replicated the results obtained from the first experiment. Core body temperature measures revealed that rats with access to the biting response were more successful in maintaining body temperature. The protective effect of aggression may thus be due to the reduction in restraint hypothermia and not necessarily the affective qualities of the aggressive response per se. PMID- 6538983 TI - Stress and metabolic control in diabetes: psychosomatic evidence and evaluation of methods. AB - Psychosomatic research findings correlating psychologic stress with diabetic control fail as yet to provide valid conclusions. Investigators have presented many contradictory findings. The two major pathways by which stress could affect control, a) changes in compliance behavior, and b) a neurohumoral axis, have not been clearly distinguished from each other. The study of adolescent cohorts is associated with the problem of heterogeneity, limiting the application of results to other diabetic populations. Methods of determining diabetic control have been incomplete and the definition and measurement of stress have major inadequacies for the analysis of such a complex psychosomatic problem. Existing evidence is comprehensively reviewed and evaluated. The authors use a modified definition of stress to construct a stress scale specific to pregnant diabetics. PMID- 6538984 TI - The response of previously irradiated skin to combinations of fractionated X radiation, hyperthermia, and cis-diamminedichloroplatinum. AB - Mouse legs were irradiated with a dose of 30 Gy. After 50 days, when the acute reaction had regressed to a steady state, they were retreated with either 30 Gy of X rays delivered in six fractions over 12 days, six exposures to hyperthermia for 45 min at 42.7 degrees C, six doses of cis-DDP, or a combination of these agents. The maximum skin reactions and the skin reactions integrated over 50 days were determined. The maximum skin response was found when the previously irradiated skin was treated with a combination of X irradiation and hyperthermia. The addition of cis-DDP to this regimen did not result in a further enhancement of the skin reaction. When the second treatment was irradiation alone or cis-DDP alone, the severity of the skin reactions was similar. Injury from the initial radiation dose persisted so that the cytotoxic action of cis-DDP resulted in a level of subacute skin damage that was similar to a second course of X irradiation. PMID- 6538985 TI - The occurrence of DNA strand breaks after hyperthermic treatments of mammalian cells with and without radiation. AB - Strand breaks were detected in the DNA of Ehrlich ascites cells as well as in HeLa S3 cells directly after 1-5 hr at 43-45 degrees C by the use of the unwinding in high salt/hydroxylapatite method. The strand breaks found could not be attributed to the decay of incorporated tritiated thymidine. When the cells were incubated at 37 degrees C after the hyperthermic treatments, the amount of strand breaks formed remained at a constant level. Hyperthermia inhibited the repair of "radiation-induced" strand breaks. The repair curves obtained this way show a heat-dose-dependent decrease of the relative weight of the fast component of repair. Similar repair curves of "radiation-induced" strand breaks could be obtained by mixing heat inactivated and vital control cells prior to irradiation. In the latter case, however, the DNA repair was inhibited to a greater extent for identical levels of cell survival. The possible underlying molecular mechanisms are discussed. PMID- 6538986 TI - Sleep patterns in cats during chronic low-dose barbiturate treatment and withdrawal. AB - Sleep patterns were recorded during 5 weeks of chronic treatment with sodium barbital and after abrupt cessation of drug administration. Sodium barbital was administered intragastrically to adult cats twice daily in doses to produce a peak response of gross ataxia ("low-dose" barbiturate treatment). Sleep stages were scored from EEG, EOG, and neck EMG recordings from chronically implanted electrodes. Sleep was monitored continuously for 48 h once each week during barbital administration and continuously for 7 to 10 days during withdrawal. Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep during barbital treatment was reduced to approximately half compared with control. At the end of the treatment, equivalent doses of pentobarbital were substituted for barbital. Cessation of pentobarbital administration produced withdrawal. Withdrawal intensity was moderate and spontaneous convulsions occurred in half the animals. The duration of withdrawal insomnia was 2 to 3 days. Return of the non-REM and REM sleep was associated with changes in withdrawal behaviors, notably the appearance of overly affectionate behavior. Furthermore, during return of sleep both non-REM and REM sleep increased to values greater than control. PMID- 6538987 TI - [Nutritive value of the mushroom Lentinus edodes (Berk.) Sing. (shiitake) compared with that of other edible mushrooms]. PMID- 6538989 TI - [Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Apropos of 3 cases]. AB - Three cases of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy are described. The first case, a man aged 17 years, died suddenly, while the second case was diagnosed in a 40-year old male who presented with auricular fibrillation; this patient died two years later from a cerebral tumour. The third patient, who died at the age of 72 years from cerebral haemorrhage, had had a pacemaker inserted five years previously because of atrioventricular block. The cardiomyopathy was diagnosed only at autopsy. The morphological features of the heart in these cases are documented. The characteristic histological aspect of the myocardial fibres, commonly referred to as disarray, is described and our findings are compared with those in the literature. The relationship between the various morphological presentations and their clinical manifestations is discussed. PMID- 6538988 TI - [Secreting mammary glands in breast carcinoma]. PMID- 6538990 TI - [Long-term postoperative course and surgical indications in patients with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy]. AB - Operative results and late follow-up of 63 patients undergoing surgery for hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM) were analyzed in relation to the surgical indication. There were 64 postoperative follow-ups because one patient had two myectomy operations. 27 patients without limiting symptoms (group A) were operated on because of a pressure gradient of more than 50 mm Hg. 31 patients (group B) underwent myectomy operation because of limiting symptoms, and 5 patients (group C) required additional surgery because of mitral incompetence or left ventricular aneurysm. Comparison of preoperative clinical and hemodynamic data indicate that patients of group B were in a more advanced stage of disease than patients of group A. Operative mortality was low, with one perioperative death. Operative complications were rare, and after adequate treatment caused no significant morbidity. The left ventricular systolic pressure gradient was relieved in almost every case, with simultaneous reduction of left ventricular enddiastolic pressure. With a few exceptions the patients experienced longstanding improvement of symptoms. Durability of symptomatic improvement and survival were significantly better in patients of group A. Late results in patient group C were unfavorable, mainly because of the additional lesions requiring surgery. Atrial fibrillation and congestive heart failure were relieved by surgery, but recurrence was frequent in late follow-up. Ventricular arrhythmia during postoperative follow-up was common in both group A and group B, without obvious prognostic significance. In the light of these results the operative indications were reconsidered. Surgery is indicated in patients with limiting symptoms not responding to medical therapy, if a left ventricular pressure gradient of more than 50 mm Hg is present. Simultaneous mitral incompetence of severe degree requires primary mitral valve replacement by low profile prostheses. Risk factors, such as reanimation for ventricular fibrillation or a family history of sudden death, may militate in favour of surgical treatment. The operative indication is doubtful in patients with a high left ventricular pressure gradient but without consistent symptoms and without additional risk factors. PMID- 6538991 TI - Nonneoplastic AIDS syndromes. PMID- 6538992 TI - Kaposi's sarcoma: a comparison of classical, endemic, and epidemic forms. PMID- 6538993 TI - Biology and therapy of Kaposi's sarcoma. PMID- 6538994 TI - The psychosocial impact of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. PMID- 6538995 TI - The genetic factor in cervical spondylosis. AB - Lateral cervical spine radiographs of 23 pairs of twins were matched. There is a close similarity in the shape of the vertebrae of twins, particularly if monozygotic. It can also be shown that the degenerative changes in the cervical spines of twins follow a very similar pattern. The suggestion is made that the shape of individual vertebrae is of considerable significance in the development of the changes which are found with ageing, and that this similarity in shape explains the familial pattern of spondylosis. PMID- 6538996 TI - [Diagnosis of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy]. PMID- 6538997 TI - [Correction of homeostasis in phthisiourologic patients with chronic renal failure in the postoperative period]. PMID- 6538998 TI - Fetal alcohol syndrome with hydrocephalus. A case report. AB - An unusual case of the fetal alcohol syndrome with hydrocephalus caused by a Dandy-Walker cyst is reported. It is postulated that aberrant neuroglial tissue due to prenatal maternal alcohol ingestion may have caused the Dandy-Walker deformity. PMID- 6538999 TI - The use of technetium-99m-di-isopropyl-iminodiacetic acid imaging in the demonstration of a biliary-bronchial fistula. AB - A case is described in which technetium-99m-di-isopropyl-iminodiacetic acid imaging was used to trace the passage of bile from its site of leakage into an amoebic liver abscess, through a fistulous tract connecting the liver abscess with an abscess in the right lower lobe of the lung, and into the upper respiratory tract. PMID- 6539000 TI - Dysfibrinogenemia (fibrinogen Dusard) associated with impaired fibrin-enhanced plasminogen activation. AB - The fibrin-mediated enhancement of the activation of plasminogen by tissue-type plasminogen activator observed with normal fibrin, is strongly decreased with fibrin Dusard, although the binding of tissue-type plasminogen activator to this fibrin is normal. This impaired fibrin-mediated plasminogen activation is most likely related to the history of recurrent thrombosis and pulmonary embolism observed in this family. PMID- 6539001 TI - Prolongation of platelet survival in idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura by high dose intravenous gamma globulin. AB - The mechanism of the increase of platelet counts after the intravenous injection of high dose gammaglobulin was evaluated by measuring platelet survival before and after the injection. The platelet survival after treatment prolonged more significantly than that before treatment. There was no evidence of platelet release from bone marrow to peripheral blood. These findings might suggest the inhibition of platelet destruction by transient blockade of reticuloendothelial system. PMID- 6539002 TI - A double-blind trial of intramuscular stanozolol in the prevention of postoperative deep vein thrombosis following elective abdominal surgery. AB - Fibrinolytic shutdown may be important in the development of postoperative deep vein thrombosis (DVT). We have previously shown that stanozolol 50 mg, given intramuscularly 24 hr before surgery, prevents the decrease in plasminogen activator activity (PA) seen on the first postoperative day in patients at high risk of DVT. To investigate the role of fibrinolytic shutdown in causation of DVT, sixty patients were randomized in a double-blind controlled trial to receive stanozolol or placebo intramuscularly, and DVT was detected by leg scanning and confirmed by venography. Scan positive DVT occurred in 11 of 31 placebo patients (35%) and 12 of 29 who received stanozolol (41%). A significant decrease in PA was confirmed in the placebo group, while stanozolol caused a significant increase in PA on the first postoperative day. Patients in either group who did not develop DVT showed minimal changes in PA. We conclude that prevention of fibrinolytic shutdown by this regimen of stanozolol does not prevent postoperative DVT, and that further studies are required to clarify the relationship of postoperative fibrinolysis and DVT. PMID- 6539003 TI - Effects of fibrinogen and fibrin on the activation of Glu- and Lys-plasminogen by urokinase. AB - Glu- and Lys-plasminogen (plg) were mixed with fibrinogen or fibrinogen plus thrombin in the presence of various units of urokinase (UK) and S-2251 (H-D-Val Leu-Lys-pNA). Time course of the hydrolysis of S-2251 and the increment of OD405/min were monitored by using a spectrophotometer. Glu-plg was activated better by UK in the presence of fibrinogen and fibrin than in their absence. The effects of fibrin were larger than those of fibrinogen in the activation of Glu plg. When Lys-plg was used for the similar experiments, the activation rate of Lys-plg was slightly increased in the presence of fibrinogen and fibrin (fibrin greater than fibrinogen), but their effects were smaller than in the case of the activation of Glu-plg. PMID- 6539004 TI - Platelets and fibrin strands during clot retraction. AB - The ultrastructure of platelet fibrin contacts (PFC) and the course of the strands was investigated in serial sections of retracted clots with the help of specimen tilting. We found after retraction in a test tube as well as under isometric conditions in the resonance thrombograph, after HARTERT, an uniform type of PFC. The side to side contact between platelet surface and fibrin strands displayed a 15 nm wide space which was bridged of 10 - 30 nm by filamentary structure. In each case the direction of the fibrin strands changed on contact with the platelet surface (bend). These bends recurred if the adhering strands ran over a longer distance on the platelet surface. The bends can be explained by non-directional movement of the platelets or of their pseudopodia. Microfilaments (actomyosin) which run straight in pseudopodia and often also twisted in the platelet body support this assumption. The described mechanism - contact of the thrombin activated platelets with fibrin strands and simultaneous nondirectional movement of the platelets which bind further sections of the adhering strands to their surface - would provide a more satisfactory explanation for the retraction of the clot to 1/10 of its original volume. PMID- 6539005 TI - Relationship between hematopoietic parameters and behavioral measures in lead exposed rats. AB - The effects of low level lead (Pb) exposure on learning tasks in developing rats were investigated and the results correlated with individual hematopoietic indices. Pups received exposure via the dams milk; dams were exposed to either 0 , 545-, or 1090-ppm Pb during the lactation period. At Day 30 of age, half of the high Pb group was placed on distilled water; the remaining groups continued on the same exposure regimens as their dams. On Days 20, 30, and 90, blood samples for all rats were obtained via cardiac puncture. Each sample was analyzed for Pb concentration, free erythrocyte protoporphyrin (FEPs), hematocrit, and hemoglobin. Beginning at Day 90, all rats were tested on a battery of tasks designed to investigate the following questions: (1) to what degree lead exposure interferes with reversal learning; (2) whether changing of task requirements adversely affects acquisition of a new task; (3) to what extent task difficulty contributes to lead-induced deficits; and (4) whether lead exposure affects the capacity to retain information over short or long periods of time. The actual testing paradigms included spatial discrimination with reversal, visual discrimination with reversal, and visual discrimination task with delay. No significant differences were observed among any of the groups on any of the tasks. Correlation of individual learning scores with individual measures of hematopoietic function also failed to reach significance. These findings indicate that at low exposure levels, lead has little appreciable effect on learning and memory function as measured by these tasks. PMID- 6539006 TI - Neuromuscular blocking action of two brevetoxins from the Florida red tide organism Ptychodiscus brevis. AB - The action of Ptychodiscus brevis "brevetoxins" T17 and T34 on rat phrenic nerve stimulated hemidiaphragm contraction is reported. The potency of T34 is greater than the potency of T17, but both cause a complete block of neuromuscular transmission in the nM to pM concentration ranges. Preparations exposed to low concentrations of T17 can recover in the presence of the toxin, whereas the effects of T34 are irreversible. The initial contracture produced by each is prevented by tetrodotoxin or curare. Neuromuscular block does not appear to be due to acetylcholine depletion, as determined by electron microscope examination of the neuromuscular junctions of blocked preparations. Persistent nerve depolarization is believed to be responsible for the neuromuscular block. PMID- 6539007 TI - [117 individuals consecutively referred to a sexological clinic. Sexological data compared with a reference group]. PMID- 6539008 TI - [The effect of cisplatin on the healing of intestinal anastomosis in the rat. Microangiography and light microscopy studies]. AB - The influence of a single dose cisplatin on wound healing of enterostomies in rats was investigated by measurement of the wound-breaking strength, microangiographically and histologically. Cisplatin (5 mg/kg body weight) was given on day-1 or day-5 preoperatively. Cisplatin led to a significant reduction of the wound-breaking strength, mostly marked on day +14 after operation. The reasons are: a reduced induction of connective tissue proliferation; an inhibition of proliferation of fibroblasts and endothelial cells, and a retardation of vessel proliferation. PMID- 6539009 TI - [Female pseudohermaphroditism with double urethra and clitoral hypertrophy]. AB - A rare case of female pseudohermaphroditism with clitoral hypertrophy, phallic and vaginal urethra, abnormal vaginal introitus and infravesical obstruction of the urinary tract is reported. PMID- 6539010 TI - [Technics for parenchyma-conserving nephrolithotomy]. AB - The present paper demonstrates the various methods in surgical treatment of complicated nephrolithiasis. The techniques of extended intrasinusal pyelocalicotomy, multiple radial nephrotomies, classic anatrophic nephrotomy, doppler-guided nephrotomies and highly selective anatrophic nephrotomy are described. The advantages and disadvantages of these methods are summarized and the results of treatment in 58 patients are presented. PMID- 6539011 TI - [Percutaneous nephrolithotomy]. AB - Percutaneous removal of renal and ureteral stones was attempted in 19 cases through an operatively established nephrostomy tract and in 181 cases after primary percutaneous puncture. In the latter group failure of the technique or residual stones required surgical intervention in 15 cases. The residual stone rate was 9/19 and 13/168. The most frequently applied technique of stone removal was by ultrasound disintegration. Of 12 complications 11 were managed conservatively. A "one-step" procedure performed in the last 105 patients resulted in immediate success in 76. Secondary sessions were necessary in 29 patients. Depending on the number of sessions necessary for complete stone removal, the hospitalization time averaged 7 to 12 days. PMID- 6539012 TI - [Extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy--beginning of a restructuring in the treatment of urinary calculi?]. AB - After 31/2 years experiences with extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) 852 patients have been treated. Because of the significant expansion of indications for ESWL from 15 to 70% of unselected stone formers, a permanent decrease of surgical stone removal can be expected, when ESWL availability is more sufficient. This may cause a change in the urological routine management of stone disease. PMID- 6539013 TI - [Current status of renoprotective procedures in the surgery of impaired kidneys]. AB - Renoprotective measures are of utmost importance for the preservation of renal function and prevention of acute renal failure of kidneys with impaired function subjected to operative procedures. Preoperatively a thorough nephrological work up and preparation of the patient has to be performed. Potentially nephrotoxic drugs should be avoided. Examinations with radio contrast agents may lead to a deterioration of renal function, especially if risk factors are present. Hydration is an important part of preoperative renoprotection. Intraoperative renoprotective measures include atraumatic surgical techniques with preservation of renal parenchyma, the administration of diuretics and dopamine as well as a balanced substitution of blood and fluid loss. If the renal circulation has to be interrupted hypothermia should be applied. Controversy exists concerning the beneficial effect of membrane stabilisers, metabolic inhibitors and nucleotid precursors. For the prevention resp. treatment of postoperative acute renal failure balanced hydration, diuretics, dopamine and parenteral hyperalimentation have proven to be useful. The use of prophylactic dialysis leads to a reduction of the complications associated with acute renal failure. PMID- 6539014 TI - [Injuries of the ureter caused by external force]. AB - Based on 10 own cases during the past 12 years, and a review of the literature, the subject is divided into classification and correlations, morbidity, aetiology, traumatogenesis and pathomechanisms, pathological anatomy and physiology, diagnostical pathways, therapy and results. There are closed and open injuries of the ureter, isolated and combined ones, and among the latter, combined related and not related. This injury is rare in general; in overseas countries, more often the open and in Central Europe, mostly the closed trauma can be seen. The indirect rupture of the ureter happens by hyperlordosis, the direct rupture by wheel lesion. The prevalence of youth for the indirect mechanism of the injury is explained by the hyperextensibility of the lumbar region in juveniles. Usually, the rupture is located proximally, a distal rupture (pelvic fracture) is an exception. Criteria of the closed injury are urinoma within Gerota's fascia and local resorption, later infection or urosepsis. The open injury is marked additionally by abdominal resorption of urine, followed by uremia and peritonitis. Delayed diagnosis is common, as the trauma causes few symptoms initially. Further, it is often obscured by concomitant injuries. For therapy, the rupture must be closed operatively by suture and splint. The operative approach follows usually the lumbar, but in cases of concomitant abdominal injury the abdominal route. Loss of kidney occurs in 20% and lethal outcome in 10%. PMID- 6539015 TI - [Percutaneous demonstration of ectopic megaureters]. AB - Preoperative diagnosis of ectopic megaureter has become much simpler using percutaneous transvesical fine needle puncture of a sonographically visible retrovesical megaureter. Antegrade ureterography using watery contrast material together with indigocarmine dye was able both to demonstrate the megaureter roentgenologically and to help finding the ectopic orifice by direct vision or colposcopy in three girls. PMID- 6539016 TI - [Selective sacral nerve blockade in the treatment of detrusor hyperreflexia of the bladder]. AB - Hyperreflexive detrusor instability causes severe impairment of the patients private and professional life. Involuntary detrusor contractions lead to incontinence. The results of previous pharmacological and operative therapeutic procedures are unsatisfactory. 22 cases with idiopathic hyperreflexive detrusor instability were cured by selective local anaesthesia of both sacral roots S3. The follow-up period ranges from 4 months to 2 years. In case with neurogenic detrusor instability local anaesthesia of the sacral roots S3 has no permanent effect. But in 4 such cases it was possible to reach continence by permanent interruption of the roots S3 using phenolglycerin injections. Unavoidably this success, which enables social rehabilitation, results in voiding disturbance of the bladder which makes voiding by manual bladder compression or even catheterization necessary. PMID- 6539017 TI - [Reconstruction of the urethra in women using a bladder flap]. AB - Three patients have been successfully operated with bladder flap procedures for severe functional impairment of the urethra. In two cases total urethral reconstruction was established with a rotary flap (= inverse Boari flap). The third case with recurrent incontinence and instable pelvis was cured by lengthening the urethra analogous the Leadbetter technique. Using a rotary bladder flap tube the whole urethra can be reconstructed. Continence is achieved without suspension procedure of the urethrovesical junction. The neomeatus urethrae internus should be placed as low as possible without injury to the bladder plate. Care must be taken to the blood supply because of the risk of flap necrosis. In case of good blood supply the one-stage urethral reconstruction is recommended. PMID- 6539018 TI - [Panurography -- a new method of combination excretory and micturitional urography]. AB - To diagnose a vesicoureteral reflux, a new examination X-ray procedure was developed avoiding bladder catheterization: panurography. Panurography is a combination of excretion and micturition urography which for screening purposes can be performed in a single investigation without bladder catheterization. Recent advances in uroradiological imaging techniques with growing application of low-dose large-format image intensifier urography (14" image intensifier) not only reduce radiation exposure to less than 20% of that in conventional film screen radiography, but also permit obtaining voiding cystograms which include the whole urinary tract from the kidneys to the urethra in children. Voiding conditions are improved by means of a comfortable micturition seat coupled with a uroflowmeter which automatically triggers exposures by a 10 cm-camera at preselected intervals as long as a measurable urine flow exists. PMID- 6539019 TI - [Therapy of acute radiation cystitis. A case report]. AB - We report a patient with prostate cancer who suffered from severe radiation cystitis after combined interstitial radiation with 125-Iodine-Seeds and external radiation (2000 rad). This patient was treated very successfully with intramural injection of Orgotein (Peroxinorm) into the bladder wall. Besides discussion of the aetiology of radiation cystitis we report our first favourable results with local and systemic treatment with Orgotein (Peroxinorm). PMID- 6539020 TI - [The value of hypothermia methods in operative stone removal]. AB - In spite of the possibility of using ultrasound for identification of stone fragments and vascular localisation, it is still necessary to clamp the renal vascular pedicle in selected cases. In situ perfusion achieves a nearly complete restoration of renal function, but requires a more sophisticated technique and preoperative planning. Surface cooling on the other hand is universally applicable and can be used during surgery, when unforeseen clamping of the renal pedicle is needed. PMID- 6539021 TI - [Intraoperative roentgen study in kidney calculus operations with Polaroid-57 Land film]. AB - Intraoperative radiography during renal stone surgery is essential for the removal of all stone fragments hidden in the calices. The use of Polaroid-Land-57 high-speed film allows a visualisation of the stones within 25 s. This means a big saving of time. PMID- 6539022 TI - [Transrenal and transcorporal immediate roentgen imaging using intensifying screens]. AB - The use of single sheet films proved to be an essential advantage in the X-ray diagnostic with Polaroid films. A further improvement of this technique could be achieved by the combination of Polaroid films (type 52) and X-ray amplifying sheets (type Titan-D). It was then possible to reduce the X-ray exposure time to ony 0,2 s. Another combination (Polaroid 57 and "Siemens-Special-Sheets") allowed even to take excellent pictures of kidney stones, implants, bones etc. transcorporally . PMID- 6539023 TI - [Value of intravesical ultrasound tomography and computer tomography in the evaluation of the depth of infiltration of bladder tumors]. AB - In 83% of cases the tumour could be correctly staged by intravesical sonography. Computed tomography gave a correct staging in 80%. By a combination of both methods the depths of tumour infiltration could be established exactly in 90%. Both methods are supplementary since the lower stages are better assessable by intravesical ultrasonic tomography whereas in the advanced stages computer tomography combined with pneumocystography permits a more exact evaluation of the depth of tumour infiltration. PMID- 6539024 TI - [Rhythm of diurnal and seasonal urine excretion in calcium oxalate-urinary calculi patients and healthy humans and its effect on the incidence of calculi]. AB - Distinct sinus-like variations in the production of urine - with regard to diurnal as well as seasonal rhythms - result in an increased risk of stone formation in the months of May, June, September and November (concerning seasonal rhythm) and between midnight and 6 a.m. (concerning diurnal rhythm). Other data of importance influencing urinary excretion are sex, age and supply of fluid. PMID- 6539025 TI - [Prevention of calculus recurrence in impaired kidney function]. AB - The pathophysiologic consequences of renal function impairment and chronic renal failure among others result from the loss of excretory and regulatory functions of the kidneys. The role of the exchange of cellular hydrogen ions of tubular fluid in the reabsorption of bicarbonate and in the urinary excretion of titratable acid and ammonia (acid-base regulation) is outlined. The effects of decreased glomerular filtration rate on calcium and phosphorus homeostasis are discussed. De novo urolithiasis in these patients is uncommon. However, it is well recognized that they may form matrix stones with calcium oxalate inclusions. Of greater significance is the prophylaxis in those patients, in whom urolithiasis has been the cause of chronic renal failure. In these patients it is of importance to modify the drug dosage or to abandon the prophylaxis when it interferes with the metabolic changes of renal function impairment. Some agents require no modification, others minor or major modifications. Some are even contraindicated. Hazards of stone prophylaxis in chronic renal failure: Acidification - cave metabolic acidosis! Cave RTA! Antibiotic agents - special rules to prevent accumulation. Thiazides - contraindicated! Hypokalemia; hyperuricemia; cave HPT! Triamterene - contraindicated! Acetazolamide (cystinuria) - contraindicated. Spironolactone - contraindicated. Sodium cellulose-phosphate - Hyperoxaluria, hypomagnesiuria , hyperphosphatemia, cave HPT. Orthophosphate - cave urinary infection, cave poor renal function, cave obstruction. Allopurinol - dose reduction advisable. Brenzbromaron - contraindicated. PMID- 6539026 TI - [Conservative therapy of phosphate calculi]. AB - Phosphate stones are divided in two groups: I. Infection stones = triple phosphate stones (struvite and carbonate apatite). II. Calcium phosphate stones = Hydroxy apatite. Ad I. For the formation of this stone, infection with urease producing bacteria is essential. It is important to look for factors that cause infection and for metabolic abnormalities. Three possibilities for treatment are discussed: Acidifying the urine: orally with NH4NO3 or NH4Cl; dosage is possible up to 12 g a day (metabolic acidosis!). Irrigation for instance with Renacidin ; when using a nephrostomy-tube, one can start 5 days after the operation. It is important to look for fever and flank pain. Especially useful in cases with small residual stones. Reduction of phosphate excretion in urine ( Shorr -regimen). Some aluminium combinations reduce the intestinal phosphate absorption as a result of the formation of a nonabsorbable aluminium-phosphate combination. This can be combined with a low calcium- and phosphate diet. In several publications good results are shown. Also when using a less rigid regimen, satisfactory results are seen: decrease of the phosphate excretion from 30 to 17 mmol/24 h (own investigation). Urease-inhibitors result in a lower urine-pH and a decrease of the ammonium-concentration. there are only a few publications with results, but AHA seems able to reduce the stone size in 24% of the patients. Ad II. This stone is concerning formation and treatment much like the calcium oxalate stone. In case of an alkaline urine one must look for primary hyperparathyroidism and renal tubular acidosis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6539028 TI - Slipover Councill catheter stylet. PMID- 6539027 TI - [Operative ureterorenoscope for the use of ultrasound and calculus extraction]. AB - Ureteroscopy is used not only to clarify tumorous processes in the area of the ureter but also for removal or ultrasonic destruction of distal ureteral stones. Instruments have been developed that allow application of an optically controlled ultrasonic or metal loop. With our instrument we removed distal ureteral stones in 12 cases applying ultrasound or a Dormia loop. The different techniques and strategies are presented. In animal experiments we investigated the effect of ultrasound on the urothelium. We found that short time application (less than 30 s) does not leave irreversible damages. Removal of ureteral stones by ureteroscopy is indicated in stones which do not pass spontaneously or after unsuccessful efforts to remove the stones by means of a Zeissloop that is in cases where hitherto the only way of action possible was to carry out an ureterolithotomy. PMID- 6539029 TI - Urethrectomy using disposable vein stripper. PMID- 6539030 TI - Finney flexirod prosthesis. AB - The experience gained from the implantation of 763 Flexirod Prosthesis is described. Special features of this design include a tapered distal tip which provides for better glans stability, a soft hinge which allows for improved penile concealment, and a trimmable tail which, together with preoperative measurement of the penis, allows the surgeon to determine the correct prothesis size well in advance of surgery. The surgical procedure is not difficult, the complication rate is low, device failure is extremely rare, and most patients are restored to a satisfactory sex life. PMID- 6539031 TI - Effects on the oestrous cycle of dairy cows of the administration of colostrum in the mid-luteal phase. AB - A group of 13 cows were dosed orally nine or 10 days after a normal oestrous cycle; six animals received colostrum, five animals received milk containing varying amounts of oestrone sulphate, and two cows were given milk containing a low level of oestrone sulphate. Measurements of milk progesterone levels after dosing showed that colostrum had an apparent luteolytic effect, milk containing oestrone sulphate at a level of 2000 pg/ml had a less marked effect on milk progesterone and those animals receiving milk showed no reduction in milk progesterone. These results show that there is a physiological basis for the practice of inducing overt oestrus in cows showing no visible oestrus, by dosing them with colostrum. PMID- 6539033 TI - [Clinico-morphological varieties of the disseminated intravascular coagulation syndrome]. PMID- 6539032 TI - Course of malignant catarrhal fever in immunosuppressed and immunostimulated rabbits. AB - Rabbits pretreated with cyclophosphamide for 7 days (CY+) and control rabbits (CY ), were infected with cell-associated malignant catarrhal fever virus (MCFV), and CY treatment of the CY+ group was continued to day 20 p.i. The time of onset and degree of antibody formation to bovine serum albumin was significantly suppressed in the CY+ group whilst the humoral antibody response to MCFV appeared to be delayed rather than suppressed. Although incubation periods of the disease were comparable in the CY+ and CY- groups, the disease course was much shorter in the CY- group, 100% mortality occurring within a mean of 4.5 days, as opposed to a mean of 15 days in CY+ animals. Mortalities did not occur in the CY+ group until a mean of 5.5 days following withdrawal of CY. In further experiments it was shown that pre-existing antibody to MCFV had no effect on the incubation period and course of MCF in rabbits. The results thus suggest that MCF may not be an immune complex disease. PMID- 6539034 TI - [Fundamental studies of ultrasonic surgery. 5. Ultrasonically forced polymerization of Ligament-Fimomed in joining biological tissue]. AB - About basis investigations to the mode of action, the energy transformation, and to the polymerization heat of Ligament-Fimomed adhesive is informed over the ultrasonic osteosynthesis. A prompt activation of the monomeric tissue adhesive is attained at the contact region with the osseous tissue by means of low frequency power ultrasound. The mechanism of the connecting formation and characteristic temperature-time course are shown. PMID- 6539035 TI - The influence of cysteine on the reaction of d-guanosine with cis diamminedichloroplatinum (II). AB - Mono- and bifunctional complexes of cis DDP and d-guanosine were isolated on Sephadex G-25. The presence of cysteine in incubation mixture resulted in the vanishing of bifunctional complex of d-guanosine and the appearance of d guanosine-cis DDP-cysteine complex in the eluted peak. It is also possible that the eluted peak contained no homogeneous product of the reaction. PMID- 6539037 TI - Intestinal cestodes of stray dogs in Jordan. AB - Five species of cestodes namely Echinococcus granulosus, Taenia hydatigena, Taenia pisiformis, Taenia ovis and Dipylidium caninum were recovered post mortem from 120 out of 173 stray dogs collected from the 5 governorates of Jordan during the period June 1979 to November 1980. Twenty-five of the examined dogs (14%) were found to be infected with E. granulosus, 79 (46%) with T. hydatigena, 14 (8%) with T. pisiformis and 5 (3%) with T. ovis. Dipylidium caninum was encountered in 33 (19%) of the examined dogs and infection with this parasite was significantly higher in males than in females. The parasites, except for D. caninum which was encountered in the ileum, were almost exclusively recovered from the duodenum and the jejunum. Single, double and triple infections with those cestodes were recorded. PMID- 6539036 TI - Biosynthesis of the bufadienolide ring of scillirosid in Scilla maritima. AB - Administration of sodium [1,2-14C2]oxaloacetate and sodium [1-14C]acetate to Scilla maritima plants yielded labelled scillirosid. A systematic degradation of scillirosid indicated that the alpha-pyrone ring of the bufadienolide is formed by the condensation of a pregnane derivative (derived from mevalonic acid via squalene) and one molecule of oxaloacetic acid. PMID- 6539038 TI - [Pathomorphology of endomycoses in psittacines]. PMID- 6539039 TI - Inhibitory influence of the nuclei of the posterior hypothalamus on the pro oestrous surge of LH. AB - The effect of transecting caudal afferents to the medial basal hypothalamus on the pro-oestrous surge of LH was studied in cyclic female rats. Rats with transverse cuts placed just in front of the mammillary bodies and caudal to the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus showed an earlier time of onset of pro-oestrous surge of LH. Conversely, rats with transverse cuts placed 2 mm more caudally or with cuts along the lateral edges of the hypothalamus showed no altered release of LH. Advanced release of LH occurred also in rats in which the ventral premammillary nuclei or the posterior hypothalamic nuclei were bilaterally destroyed but not in those sham operated or with lesions in the dorsal premammillary nuclei. The number of ova ovulated was higher in rats bearing lesions of any of these nuclei but enhanced LH release was seen only in animals with lesions of the posterior hypothalamic nuclei. Electrochemical stimulation (anodic d.c., 100 microA, 15 s) applied at noon of pro-oestrus to the ventral premammillary nucleus, dorsal premammillary nucleus or posterior hypothalamic nucleus prevented ovulation and the preovulatory discharge of LH. It is concluded that inputs from nuclei of the posterior hypothalamus are inhibitory for LH release and could participate in determining the timing and magnitude of the pro oestrous surge of the hormone. PMID- 6539040 TI - Normoprolactinemic galactorrhea in a fertile woman with a copper intra-uterine device (copper IUD). AB - We report a case of galactorrhea in a normoprolactinemic fertile woman (30 years old) wearing a copper intra-uterine device (Gravigard). The Gravigard was first inserted in July 1977. In February 1979 our patient noted spontaneous galactorrhea, mainly on the left, but it was also present on the right, after breast pressure. X-ray film of the sella turcica, visual-field examination, thyroid function and basal prolactin levels were all within normal limits. In May 1979 the Gravigard was withdrawn and milk loss stopped finally in December 1979. In March 1980 the IUD was replaced; after only 3 days, mild spontaneous lactation again ensued, on the right side. The patient never took drugs which might have occasioned a prolactin rise. Possible explanations for this unusual phenomenon are discussed. PMID- 6539041 TI - Ophthalmological findings in nephropathia epidemica in Lapland. AB - We report ophthalmological findings in 15 cases of nephropathia epidemica. The patients, 13 men and 2 women, were 20 to 62 (mean 30) years of age. The onset of the disease was characterized by high fever, nausea, headache, abdominal pain, backache, somnolence, red throat, proteinuria, and oliguria. The symptoms subsided rapidly during the polyuria stage. Transitory myopia occurred in 8 patients (53%). Conjunctival injection and haemorrhages were seen in 3 patients (20%). One patient had acute glaucoma with oedema in the cornea and shallowing of the anterior chamber, with subsequent anterior uveitis and haemorrhages in the ocular fundus, and another patients had acute glaucoma. Three patients had photophobia which occurred in 2 patients without any glaucoma or anterior uveitis. PMID- 6539042 TI - Experiences in the determination of nasal mucociliary transport time. AB - This study is an attempt to establish the most suitable inert substance and normal parameters for nasal mucociliary transport time in normal adults: 79 subjects were taken into consideration, aged between 19 and 74 years, and were selected on the basis of negative outcome to anterior and posterior rhinoscopy , absence of any recent manifestation of rhinopharyngeal pathology and absence of allergy. The authors examined the possible modification of this particular index of nasal function in relation to the position of the head, when inclined or erect, to physical stress and to the hour at which the trials were carried out (9.30 a.m.-5.30 p.m.); they also carried out a statistical analysis of the results. For the study of the nasal mucociliary transport (MCT) time, an original composition of vegetable charcoal powder and saccharin powder at 3% is used. Vegetable charcoal powder was chosen because, not only it is non-toxic and easy to trace, but also because it is insoluble in water and therefore able to provide data on MCT time much nearer to that of effective MCT. Pure saccharin powder was added to the vegetable charcoal powder both in order to offer further data on a soluble substance as opposed to an insoluble one, and also because, as such, it interacts readily with the fluid which covers the mucus and provides an MCT time presumably nearer to that of clearance. From the statistical analysis of the data, it is possible to affirm that charcoal powder is the most suitable inert substance for the quantification of the parameter of 'normality'. PMID- 6539043 TI - Upper respiratory tract infection and eustachian tube function in children. AB - The Eustachian tube function was studied in 11 children (3-9 years of age) with and without upper respiratory tract infection ( URTI ). During URTI the active muscular opening function deteriorated and middle ear pressure weakened, whereas the passive pressure opening and closing levels, reflecting tubal closing forces, increased. These findings may explain the high frequency of transient episodes of middle ear underpressure and middle ear effusion (MEE) in children. In children with a primary tubal hypofunction due to poor muscular opening function, URTI may contribute to recurrent or persistent MEE. PMID- 6539044 TI - Cerebral blood flow autoregulation during acute ethanol intoxication in the rat. AB - Autoregulation of cerebral blood flow (CBF) was studied in anaesthetized rats during acute ethanol intoxication (blood alcohol concentration 2.5 to 3 g/l). For each rat an autoregulation curve was determined: 8-10 CBF measurements were made over the mean arterial pressure range 129 mmHg to 20 mmHg. MAP was raised above the resting level by angiotension II infusion, then lowered by controlled haemorrhage. In control rats, CBF autoregulation was demonstrated within the MAP range 129 mmHg to 70 mmHg: at lower pressure autoregulation was inadequate and CBF fell. In ethanol intoxicated rats CBF autoregulation was demonstrated within the MAP range 129 mmHg to 50 mmHg: at lower pressure CBF fell. Although the lower limit of CBF autoregulation was thus at an MAP 20 mmHg less than in control rats, this probably reflects suppression of cerebral metabolism, rather than an effect of ethanol on CBF autoregulation per se. PMID- 6539045 TI - [The ovarian vein syndrome]. PMID- 6539046 TI - Increases in methylated nucleosides during human pregnancy. PMID- 6539048 TI - Urethral closure pressure profile measurements in female urinary incontinence. PMID- 6539047 TI - X-linked recessive (Duchenne) muscular dystrophy (DMD) and purine metabolism: effects of oral allopurinol and adenylate. PMID- 6539049 TI - [The striated sphincter of the urethra in female urinary incontinence]. PMID- 6539050 TI - [Urinary stress incontinence. What should we expect from urethromanometry using electronic microtips? Definition of a continence index]. PMID- 6539051 TI - [Simultaneous urethrocystometry and urethral instability in female incontinence]. PMID- 6539052 TI - The clinical implication of continuous urethral pressure measurement in women with incontinence. PMID- 6539053 TI - [Treatment of urinary stress incontinence in women using endo-urethral injections of teflon]. PMID- 6539054 TI - Vesical-urethral sustaining for recurrent urinary stress incontinence using the Stamey-Pereyra technique. PMID- 6539055 TI - Discrete membranous subaortic stenosis: ECG and vectorcardiographic findings. PMID- 6539056 TI - Coarctation of the aorta or subaortic stenosis with atrioventricular septal defect. AB - Thirty patients are reported with atrioventricular (AV) septal defect and either coarctation of the aorta (C of A) or subaortic stenosis (SAS) or both. All patients had normal left ventricles as assessed by angiography (21 of 30 patients) or necropsy (9 of 30). Three groups were recognized. Groups I and II included 19 patients with AV septal defect (12 complete, 7 partial) and C of A with or without SAS, 11 patients with AV septal defect (5 complete, 6 partial) and SAS. In Group I, preductal C of A was diagnosed in 16 of 19 patients. Concomitant angiographic evidence of SAS was present in 2 cases, the mechanism being exaggerated anterior displacement of the left AV valve. In Group III, at the time of diagnosis left ventricular-aortic peak systolic pressure gradients of greater than 20 mm Hg were present in 9 patients, 2 of whom had gradients greater than 50 mm Hg. Angiographic diagnoses were: discrete fibrous diaphragm in 4, fibromuscular obstruction in 5, dynamic tunnel in 1, and chordae from left AV valve to LV outflow tract in 1. Thus, SAS in AV septal defect is most often due to a discrete anatomic lesion. Hemodynamic data show that SAS can be progressive, both before and after the surgical management of the AV septal defect. PMID- 6539057 TI - Combined discrete subaortic stenosis and ventricular septal defect in infants and children. AB - Eight patients, aged 1 to 8 years, with discrete subaortic stenosis (DSS) and ventricular septal defect (VSD) were studied by 2-dimensional (2-D) and M-mode echocardiography. Initial cardiac catheterization and angiocardiography showed VSD and other associated cardiac lesions, including coarctation of the aorta and patent ductus arteriosus. None had evidence of DSS. Six patients underwent surgical repair of the associated lesions, but none required closure of the VSD. Ultimately, 6 patients had spontaneous closure of VSD, and 2 had a residual small VSD. Subsequent serial echocardiography showed evidence of subaortic membrane, prompting repeat cardiac catheterization, which confirmed moderate to severe peak systolic pressure gradients between the left ventricle and ascending aorta. Surgical resection of the membrane was performed in 5 patients. Thus, in patients with small or spontaneously closed VSDs, DSS may develop. Evaluation of the left ventricular outflow tract area is recommended in patients with small or closed VSD in whom a significant heart murmur or electrocardiographic abnormality remains. PMID- 6539058 TI - Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy compatible with successful completion of the marathon. PMID- 6539059 TI - Verapamil in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. PMID- 6539060 TI - Manganese intake and serum manganese concentration of human milk-fed and formula fed infants. AB - Manganese (Mn) status was determined in 24 infants exclusively fed either human milk (n = 8) or formula (n = 16) from birth to 3 months. Mn intakes were estimated from test weighings , dietary records, and direct analyses of human milk and formula via graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Mean human milk Mn concentrations significantly decreased (p less than 0.05) with the progression of lactation, from 6.6 micrograms/L during the 1st month of lactation, to 3.5 micrograms/L by the 3rd month of lactation. Infant formulas were observed to contain considerably higher levels of Mn (70.0 to 1289.0 micrograms/L) than either human milk (means = 4.9 micrograms/L) or cows' milk (means 25.2 micrograms/L). At 3 months, human milk-fed infants consumed a smaller volume of milk (689.0 ml) than formula-fed infants (894.0 ml), and also received significantly less Mn (0.42 micrograms/kg/day) than formula-fed infants (183.22 micrograms/kg/day). Mean sera Mn concentrations of infants receiving human milk or formula were similar, with mean values of 4.4 and 4.7 micrograms/L, respectively. Manganese intakes of human milk-fed infants were found to be linearly correlated (r = 0.78) with the respective serum Mn concentration at 3 months of age. PMID- 6539061 TI - Studies of marginal zinc deprivation in rhesus monkeys: II. Pregnancy outcome. AB - A marginal state of zinc deficiency was induced in the pregnant nonhuman primate, Macaca mulatta, by feeding a diet containing 4 ppm zinc beginning at conception. Pregnancy outcome of marginally zinc-deficient monkeys (ZD) was compared to both pair-fed (PF) and ad libitum fed (AL) control animals (100 ppm zinc). Stillbirths, abortions, and delivery complications were more frequent in both ZD and PF dams than in AL controls; no malformations were detected (maternal plasma zinc was normal during organogenesis). Male ZD neonates weighed significantly less than same sex controls; also, in relation to colony norms, 7/8 ZD males, 2/8 ZD females, and 1/10 PF controls were of low birth weight. Further, plasma zinc and iron levels were lower in ZD neonates than in AL and PF controls. ZD neonates also had reduced muscle tonus. Birth weight and maternal plasma zinc concentration were negatively correlated in ZD group but positively correlated in AL and PF groups. Indeed, maternal plasma zinc concentration alone did not identify a state of zinc deficiency which impaired fetal growth in monkeys. PMID- 6539062 TI - Turnover of very low-density lipoprotein-apoprotein B is increased by substitution of soybean protein for meat and dairy protein in the diets of hypercholesterolemic men. AB - The effect of dietary protein source on the kinetics of plasma very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) (Sf 60 to 400) in hypercholesterolemic men was investigated. Using a crossover design, five subjects received sequentially either 1) a high polyunsaturated fat, low cholesterol control diet containing mixed protein from meat, dairy products, and plant sources or 2) an all-plant protein experimental diet in which the meat and dairy protein of the former diet was replaced by soybean protein and soy milk. There was no significant change in the mean values for fasting serum cholesterol and triglycerides over the 6-wk period of administration of the control versus experimental diets. The kinetics of VLDL (Sf 60 to 400) apolipoprotein B were studied at the end of each dietary period after reinjection of 125I-labeled autologous VLDL (Sf 60 to 400). The VLDL apolipoprotein B pool size was similar during the experimental and control protocols; however, the fractional catabolic rate was consistently higher during the experimental protocol (8.5 +/- 1.3 versus 6.5 +/- 1.2 day-1, p less than 0.01) and the production rate of apoprotein B was higher than control in four of five subjects (mean values 18.6 +/- 3 versus 12.6 +/- 1 mg/day/kg, respectively). Administration of an all-plant protein diet significantly increased the fractional turnover rate of VLDL apolipoprotein B, even when no changes in VLDL ago B pool size or VLDL lipid concentrations were observed. PMID- 6539063 TI - Relation of the relative dose response to liver concentrations of vitamin A in generally well-nourished surgical patients. AB - In 12 adult, generally well-nourished, surgical patients, liver vitamin A concentrations obtained by the analysis of liver biopsies were compared with the relative dose response ( RDR ). RDR is defined as the percentage increase in plasma retinol level relative to the plasma retinol level 5 h after the oral administration of a standard oral dose (450 micrograms) of retinyl acetate. Liver vitamin A values, expressed as retinol, and corresponding RDR values were 14 micrograms/g (28%), 30 micrograms/g (15%), and 58 to 434 micrograms/g (0 to 12%). Other indicators of vitamin A nutriture, which did not correlate with liver vitamin A concentrations in this group, were serum retinol level, serum retinol binding protein concentration, and the percentage saturation of serum retinol binding protein. The relative distribution of fatty acyl esters in liver retinyl ester did not change with total liver reserves. The relative percentage of retinol to total liver vitamin A, however, was higher (greater than 5%) when reserves were less than or equal to 30 micrograms/g. Although the RDR cutoff point of greater than 14% suggested earlier by others is in reasonable accord with our results, a somewhat higher RDR cutoff value (possibly 20%) may agree better with the suggested criterion of a liver vitamin A concentration of 20 micrograms/g, expressed as retinol, as a minimally adequate reserve. PMID- 6539065 TI - Zinc bioavailability and infant formulas. PMID- 6539064 TI - Hormonal changes in normal men under marginally negative energy balance. AB - Six men were confined to a metabolic unit for 105 days. Their assigned work and energy intake were varied throughout six metabolic periods in order to create either a marginally negative (-15%) or an equilibrated energy balance. They were fed a defined diet providing a constant amount of protein. At each metabolic period, T4, T3, reverse T3(rT3), free T3, free reverse T3, thyroid-stimulating hormone, cortisol, cortisol-binding globulin, testosterone, and testosterone/estradiol-binding globulin were measured. Free urinary cortisol was measured daily. Results show that serum thyroid hormones are sensitive to marginal changes in energy intake, expenditure, and balance. The ratio T4/T3 appears to be more sensitive to the balance itself, with the ratio T3/rT3 being more sensitive to the intake and expenditure level at which this balance is established. Regulations of T3 and rT3 production are probably distinct. Urinary cortisol did not show any variation that could be related to the energy balance. However, daily urinary cortisol was correlated to daily urinary nitrogen excretion. No change in serum testosterone was found. PMID- 6539066 TI - Estimating dizygotic/monozygotic ratio of twins by general formula. AB - Eight general formulas are presented for estimation of the dizygotic/monozygotic ratio (DMR) for twins of the same sex and blood groups. The derivation of these formulas and example applications for each are given in plain English without complex statistical symbols. The formulas cover all blood group systems including multiallele systems with silent gene(s) as well as the HLA system. Predetermined DMR values for commonly used genetic markers (except HLA) are provided for U.S. white and black persons. PMID- 6539067 TI - An epidemiologic case-control study of ovarian cancer and reproductive factors. AB - A population-based case-control study was conducted with 403 white, ovarian cancer patients, 20-79 years of age, who were diagnosed from October 1977 through February 1980 in 11 New York State counties. The study also included 806 controls who were matched to the cases by age, race, and county of residence. The contraceptive and reproductive patterns observed in this study suggest that infertility plays an important role in determining the relationship between reduced parity and gravidity and increased ovarian cancer risk. Ovarian cancer patients were less likely than controls to have ever used nonpermanent birth control methods (relative risk = 0.63, 95% confidence interval = 0.45-0.89), and they tended to practice contraception less often. A direct graded-response relationship was observed between ovarian cancer risk and the number of contraceptive-free years of marriage (chi 2 Linear trend = 5.911, p = 0.02). An inverse graded-response relationship was observed between gravidity and risk. This relationship persisted even after contraception was taken into account (chi 2 Linear trend = 13.002, p = 0.0003). Ovarian cancer risk was not found to be associated with an excess in reported fetal loss. PMID- 6539068 TI - Two cases of liver angiosarcoma among polyvinyl chloride (PVC) extruders of an Italian factory producing PVC bags and other containers. AB - Two cases are reported of liver angiosarcoma occurring among polyvinyl chloride (PVC) extruders from a small Italian factory producing PVC bags and other containers. The possibility that PVC extrusion carries a risk of liver angiosarcoma is important because of the very large number of people working with extruding, manufacturing and handling PVC, as compared with the number of people working in PVC polymerization and/or VC production. In the past, the level of vinyl chloride (VC) concentration in PVC extrusion workplaces has been thought to be "safe". PMID- 6539069 TI - Decreased serum phosphate levels after high-dose estrogens in metastatic prostate cancer. Possible implications. AB - Hypophosphatemia and osteomalacia have been described in patients with metastatic prostate cancer. The mechanism of hypophosphatemia in prostate cancer is not known. A decrease in serum phosphate levels was observed in 16 of 18 patients with metastatic prostate cancer treated with high-dose diethylstilbestrol diphosphate. To determine if the fall in serum phosphate was indeed due to diethylstilbestrol diphosphate, the data from several similar groups of patients treated with chemotherapy and combined chemohormonal therapy that included diethylstilbestrol diphosphate were re-examined. Fifty-eight patients were treated with doxorubicin, doxorubicin plus cis-platinum, doxorubicin plus diethylstilbestrol diphosphate, or diethylstilbestrol diphosphate alone. A significant decrease in serum phosphate levels was seen only in patients treated with diethylstilbestrol diphosphate. Hypophosphatemia and possibly osteomalacia in metastatic prostate cancer may be related to estrogen therapy. PMID- 6539070 TI - Tandem dup (1p) within the short arm of chromosome 1 in a child with ambiguous genitalia and multiple congenital anomalies. AB - A newborn infant was found to have multiple congenital anomalies including bilateral cleft of lip and palate, intrauterine growth retardation, microcephaly, tetralogy of Fallot, ambiguous external genitalia, and presence of male and female internal genitalia. Chromosome analysis showed a tandem duplication of part of the short arm of chromosome 1, resulting in a dup(1p31----35). The karyotype designation is 46,XY,dir dup(pter----31::p35----p31::p31----qter). The exact nature of the chromosome anomaly was clarified with use of several banding methods. PMID- 6539071 TI - The lethal multiple pterygium syndromes. PMID- 6539072 TI - Catheter drainage after gynecologic surgery: a comparison of methods. AB - A constant challenge for the gynecologist is to restore normal micturition after surgical procedures that involve the bladder, especially operations for pelvic relaxation and/or stress incontinence. These procedures should not be further complicated by the method used for postoperative bladder drainage. One hundred such cases in private practice, of either vaginal plastic or Marshall-Marchetti Krantz-Burch procedures, are presented to compare experiences with the use of Foley urethral catheters, suprapubic drainage tubes, and a No. 8 feeding tube used as a urethral catheter and sutured to the urethral meatus. The advantages of this so-called mini-catheter are described. It is simple for both physicians and nursing staff to use. There have been no major complications, and the absence of a Foley balloon allows early voiding. PMID- 6539073 TI - The reversibility of female sterilization with the use of microsurgery: a report on 102 patients with more than one year of follow-up. AB - A prospective study of 102 patients who underwent a reversal of sterilization between January, 1977, and February, 1982 revealed a pregnancy rate of 68% after more than 1 year of follow-up. The term delivery, abortion, and ectopic pregnancy rates were 52%, 11%, and 5%, respectively. The most reversible procedure was placement of the Falope ring (83% term delivery), and the least reversible was fimbriectomy (29%). The use of the microscope in performing tubal operation was associated with term delivery rates (60%) higher than those when no microscope was used (44%); this was particularly significant after tubal cautery (50% versus 25%). A total remaining tube length of 6 cm or more after previous sterilization resulted in a much better (74%) term delivery rate after microsurgical procedures than that in patients with shorter tubes (44%). The most successful site for tubal anastomosis was isthmus-isthmus and cornu-isthmus, with 81% and 67% term delivery rates, respectively. PMID- 6539074 TI - Pregnancy and immune thrombocytopenic purpura. PMID- 6539075 TI - Ocular infection with orf virus. AB - Orf virus infection of the pericanthal eyelid skin and conjunctiva was diagnosed by electron microscopy. Orf is a paravaccinia virus responsible for contagious pustular dermatitis in sheep and goats. It occasionally affects humans. The patient was a farmwife who had recently handled lambs. She had a raised ulcerating lesion at the inner canthus, follicular conjunctivitis, and lymphadenopathy. Treatment with 35% idoxuridine in dimethylsulfoxide on the skin and 0.5% idoxuridine ointment on the conjunctiva led to resolution after three weeks. PMID- 6539077 TI - Morphology of embryonic stages of cholesteatoma in the guinea pig. PMID- 6539076 TI - Leber's congenital amaurosis in monozygotic twins. PMID- 6539078 TI - The management of otitis media with effusion by controlled middle ear inflation. PMID- 6539079 TI - Ventilating tubes are the treatment of choice for chronic nonsuppurative otitis media. PMID- 6539080 TI - Toynbee phenomenon and middle ear disease. AB - Most kinds of acute otitis media are caused by bacteria transported from the nasopharynx to the middle ear through the eustachian tube. In this investigation the middle ear pressure after Toynbee 's maneuver--swallowing against occluded nostrils--has been registered. Two percent of normal individuals without middle ear disease developed a positive middle ear pressure, while 56 percent of patients with middle ear disease got a positive middle ear pressure. We suggest that the positive pressure created in the nasopharynx at the time of Toynbee 's maneuver is a factor in middle ear disease. PMID- 6539081 TI - Potential complications of unrecognized cerebrospinal fluid leaks secondary to mastoid surgery. AB - Unrecognized cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) drainage from a dural tear created during mastoidectomy rarely occurs, but when it does the consequences may be catastrophic. The potential complications discussed in this article are CSF otorrhea, meningitis, pneumocephalus, and hydrocephalus. The pathophysiology and diagnosis of these complications are individually discussed. The medical management and surgical procedures required to treat such complications are reviewed using a case presentation as an illustration. In addition, a flow sheet detailing the interrelationship between these potential complications and their treatment is outlined. PMID- 6539082 TI - Molecular analysis of intermediate filament cytoskeleton--a putative load-bearing structure. AB - Myocardial cells contain a cytoskeleton of intermediate filaments connecting the myofibrils. The present molecular analysis of the myocardial cytoskeleton was designed to identify the intermediate filament proteins and examine their assembly properties. The intermediate filament proteins desmin and vimentin were isolated from adult bovine myocardium by sequential extraction, urea solubilization, and chromatography on hydroxylapatite and DEAE columns. Desmin was obtained virtually pure in one peak and in a mixture of desmin and vimentin in the trailing fractions. Intermediate filaments of different morphologies polymerized in the desmin and the desmin-vimentin fractions. Isolated myocardial desmin occurs as three isozymes and isolated myocardial vimentin as two isozymes, which co-migrate on two-dimensional gels with corresponding isozymes from bovine skeletal and smooth muscle. Polypeptides of 200,000 and 220,000 daltons that fractionate with myocardial desmin and vimentin are also present in cytoskeletons of smooth and skeletal muscle. The results provide direct evidence that myocardial desmin can assemble to form intermediate filaments, suggesting that desmin is the major component of the cytoskeletal filaments in cardiomyocytes. PMID- 6539083 TI - Antigens in bovine estrual and cystic follicles. AB - The antigenic spectra of estrual or cystic follicular fluid (FF) consisted of 11 blood serum antigens while that of estrual or cystic ovary consisted of 9 identical antigens of which 2 were ovarian specific. The two ovarian-specific antigens were detected with antisera to estrual or cystic ovary but not with antisera to nonestrual ovaries. They were in higher concentration in estrual ovary than cystic ovary, were localized in bovine oocyte zona pellucida by immunofluorescence and light scattering, and cross-reacted with prostate tissue. Cystic FF contained a higher concentration (P less than 0.05) of IgG than at any stage of the cycle except estrus, and a lower concentration (P less than 0.05) of estradiol-17 beta than at estrus. It was hypothesized that increased levels of estradiol during estrus alter the permeability of the follicle wall unmasking a zona pellucida antigen in the preovulatory follicle. The appearance of this previously unexposed antigen at estrus could lead to an inflammatory-like response triggering ovulation. PMID- 6539084 TI - [Galactorrhea-amenorrhea syndrome in primary hypothyroidism]. PMID- 6539085 TI - [Functional status of the central nervous system and the psychoemotional status of puerperants]. PMID- 6539086 TI - Light and electron microscopic studies on the oesophageal epithelium of the rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri. AB - The oesophageal epithelium of the rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri, showed a gradual transition from stratified cuboidal type containing mainly filament containing cells and globular Type I mucous cells anteriorly to a simple columnar type composed entirely of Type II mucous cells distally. Taste buds were present in the anterior portion; mucous glands were located in the lamina propria in the middle portion and these were replaced with gastric-type glands in the terminal portion. Type I mucous cells severally produced neutral, carboxylated and sulphated mucosubstances while each Type II cell produced all the three types of mucosubstance. In the higher layers of the anterior multilaminar epithelium, the cytoplasm of the filament-containing cells contained numerous small vesicles with cores of flocculent material and the luminal aspects of the surface cells bore microridges. The vesicles contained in Types I and II mucous cells differed in size, arrangement and mode of release. These findings suggest that there is maximal development of protective features, both structural and lubricatory , which aid the oesophagus in the conduction of food materials. Additional sensory and digestive functions are also indicated. PMID- 6539087 TI - [Tubular structural pattern of filaments of elastic fibers]. AB - Substructural organization and morphogenesis of elastic fiber filaments (EFF) from different organs (blood vessels, auricular cartilage, skin) are described. EFF reveal a tubular pattern of organization. In cross section, the filament's "wall" is build up of 4 dense particles (subunits), which surround an electron lucent interior; in longitudinal section, subunits seems to be arranged in a chain-like manner. The EFF's tubular organization is somehow similar to that of intermediate filaments and cytoplasmic microtubules. An universal structural pattern for both, intra- and extracellular filamentous structures, with skeletal function is suggested. PMID- 6539088 TI - [Premature ejaculation]. AB - The constant failure to control the orgasm and the following ejaculation is called premature ejaculation. After having excluded organic factors the reason for premature ejaculation is always worry. When the reason for this fear is found, a psychotherapeutic treatment can soon be successful. PMID- 6539089 TI - Embryos and embryonic envelopes in eggs of two cyclophyllidean cestodes. AB - Membranes and envelopes around the embryos in eggs of Cotugnia digonopora and Raillietina (R.) echinobothrida have been studied in detail. This is the first study giving details of the egg-shell of a Cotugnia species. There are 3 membranes and an equal number of envelopes around the embryos in eggs of C. digonopora , while there are 2 membranes and only one envelope in case of eggs of R. echinobothrida . Noteworthy is the presence of a membrane in eggs of C. digonopora , termed "middle capsule", between and separating the 2 envelopes viz. the outer and inner. The membranes and envelope around the embryos in eggs of R. echinobothrida have been found to be identical with those of R. galeritae .--The 3 pairs of embryonic hooks of the 2 cyclophyllideans studied are collared --a feature of specific importance. PMID- 6539090 TI - Slow infusion of vinca alkaloids in idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. PMID- 6539091 TI - Reproduction cycle and tolerance to temperature and salinity of Amyloodinium ocellatum (Brown, 1931) (Dinoflagellida). AB - Reproduction cycle and tolerance to temperature and salinity of Amyloodinium ocellatum (Brown, 1931) ( Dinoflagellida ) was investigated in the laboratory using postlarval Sparus aurata (L.) as fish host and by in vitro study of the parasite is reproductive stage. Trophont growth was linear by length and exponential by volume, continuous to detachment stage at the size of 50-90 microns in length. At 19-24 degrees C detachment occurred gradually during the 3 5th days after settlement. At 16 degrees C growth, as well as detachment, was delayed. However, by the 6-7th day trophonts still attached exceeded 100 microns in length. When detached, trophonts of any age and size were transformed into dividing tomonts . 24-hour old, less than 25 microns length trophonts , however, immediately sporulated with no division. The number of divisions to sporulation was related to the size at detachment. For reproduction, 18-30 degrees C was the optimal temperature range, although the minimal division time was at 23-27 degrees C. Divisions were delayed and sporulation was interrupted at 15 degrees C. Complete interruption of division and gradual mortality occurred at 8 degrees C. At 35 degrees C the reproduction process of the tomonts was severely damaged. Tolerance to salinity was dependent on ambient temperature and was the widest at 24-25 degrees C. Divisions occurred between 1-78 ppt, but uninterrupted division, full yield sporulation and effective infection of fish occurred only between 10 to 60 ppt. No division occurred above 80 ppt, however, short term incubation up to 4 days in salinities up to 180 ppt did not affect division potency. Wide variation in tolerance was, however, evident between tested population as well as individual tomont in each population. PMID- 6539092 TI - Biliary excretion of aztreonam in patients with biliary tract disease. AB - The biliary excretion of aztreonam was studied in 10 post-cholecystectomy patients with T-tube biliary drainage (group A) and four other subjects with obstructive biliary tract disease who had recent placement of external biliary drainage (group B). Maximum biliary levels ranged from 9.7 to 88.2 micrograms/ml (mean, 42.9 +/- 7.9 micrograms/ml) and occurred 2.4 h after injection of a single 1-g dose intravenously. Peak biliary levels observed in group B patients were approximately one-third those in group A. Cumulative 12-h biliary excretion (group B) accounted for 0.18 +/- 0.06% of the total dose. In the same period, urinary excretion accounted for 65 to 72% of the total dose. The lower biliary levels of aztreonam observed in group B patients relative to those in group A suggest that in patients with total biliary tract obstruction the liver may not recover full secretory capacity, at least within 3 to 7 days after biliary decompression. PMID- 6539094 TI - Behavioral monitoring of pharmacological interventions for self-injury. AB - Pharmacological interventions are often the treatment of choice for controlling the maladaptive behavior of institutionalized mentally retarded children. However, the efficacy of various psychotropic drugs for controlling the behavior of given individuals has not been well established. Further, it is not always clear that decisions to alter a drug regimen are based on actual changes in the behavior of interest. The present study illustrates the use of behavioral observation to assess the effects of various drugs prescribed for the self injurious behavior of a profoundly mentally retarded 15 year old male. The clinical effectiveness of various dosages of carbamazepine (Tegretol), thioridazine (Melleril), and chlorpromazine (Largactil) was assessed. Except for Melleril 100 mg, tid, when a marked downward trend in the daily rate was observed, no significant reduction in self-injury occurred. Subsequently overcorrection (forced arm exercise) made contingent on each response reduced self-injury to near zero, but only when the last prescribed drug, Tegretol 200 mg, tid, had been withdrawn for several days. PMID- 6539093 TI - DNA base composition and DNA relatedness among species of Trichosporon Behrend. AB - The nuclear DNA of 28 species (30 strains investigated) of yeasts classified currently or previously in the genus Trichosporon. was analysed for its molar percentage of guanine + cytosine (mol% G + C). This criterion, together with biochemical characteristics, suggested the separation of the organisms studied into two groups. The first group, which appears related to the Ascomycetes, includes thirteen species with a G + C content lower than 50 mol% (34.7-48.8), and lacks urease (except T. margaritiferum). The second group appears related to the Basidiomycetes and includes fifteen species with a G + C content higher than 50 mol% (57-64) and has the ability to hydrolyse urea. A DNA homology experiment with T. beigelii and twelve other species of the second group showed very low values of complementarity with T. beigelii-labeled DNA. All these species must be considered as taxa other than T. beigelii. PMID- 6539095 TI - Ferric leghemoglobin reductase from soybean root nodules. AB - An NADH: (acceptor) oxidoreductase from the cytosol of soybean root nodules was purified by ammonium sulfate fractionation, hydroxylapatite adsorption, and Sephacryl S-200 Superfine chromatography. The native molecular weight of the reductase was found to be 100,000 by analytical gel filtration and 83,000 by equilibrium ultracentrifugation. The subunit molecular weight was 54,000 as determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide slab gel electrophoresis. The pI of the enzyme was 5.5. With ferric leghemoglobin (Lb) as the substrate, nearly identical initial velocities were obtained using either CO or O2 to ligate the enzymatically produced ferrous leghemoglobin. With CO as the ligand in the reaction, the product of the enzyme-catalyzed, NADH-dependent reduction of ferric Lb was spectrally identified as LbCO. Initial velocity was a linear function of increasing enzyme concentration. NADPH was only 31% as effective an electron donor as NADH as determined by initial velocity. The Michaelis constants (Km) for ferric Lba and NADH were 9.5 and 18.8 microM, respectively. Myoglobin, Lba, Lbc1, Lbc2, Lbc3, and Lbd were reduced at similar rates by the reductase. At pH 5.2, acetate-bound ferric Lb and nicotinate-bound ferric Lb were reduced by the enzyme at 83 and 5%, respectively, of rates observed in the absence of these ligands. The rate of enzymatic reduction of ferric Lb was constant between pH 6.5 and 7.6 but increased approximately threefold at pH 5.2. The results indicate that the NADH: (acceptor) oxidoreductase could be identified as a ferric Lb reductase. PMID- 6539096 TI - [Combination chemotherapy of nicardipine and vindesine sulfate, cis-diammine dichloroplatinum (II) for patients with advanced esophageal carcinoma]. AB - Since calcium (Ca) antagonist enhances the antitumor effect of vinca alkaloid in vitro, The authors attempted to combine nicardipine (Ca antagonist) with vindesine sulfate (VDS) and cis-diammine dichloroplatinum (II)(CDDP) for treatment of two patients with advanced esophageal carcinoma who were considered to be resistant to two courses of combination chemotherapy of VDS and CDDP. In the first case nicardipine was given orally and for only one day at a dose of 60 mg followed by 40 mg two and a half hours later. Thirty minutes after 60 mg of nicardipine, 3 mg of VDS on day 1, and 50 mg of CDDP (repeated for 3 days) were given. The maximum plasma concentration of nicardipine was 834.0 mg/ml, and the patient showed a partial response. In the second case nicardipine was given intravenously at a dose of 10 mg/body/hour for 8 hours which was repeated for 3 days. The same dose of VDS and CDDP as the first case was started the second day. The maximum concentration of nicardipine was 254.3 ng/ml, and this patient did not show any response. These results may suggest that a sufficient plasma concentration of nicardipine would obtained some response even in solid tumors. PMID- 6539097 TI - [Phase II study of cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum (II) in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma]. PMID- 6539098 TI - [Effect of cis-diammine dichloroplatinum, vindesine sulfate combination chemotherapy for advanced esophageal carcinoma]. AB - Eleven patients with advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus were treated with a two-drug combination of cis-diammine dichloroplatinum and vindesine sulfate at Saitama Cancer Center between July 1982 and September 1983. Median age was 71 years old (range: 47-48) and 8 patients were greater than 70 years old. Median performance status was 3 (range: 1-4) by Koyama -Saito Criteria. Male female ratio was 6:5. Of the 11 patents, three obtained partial response (27.3%), lasting 8 weeks, 20 weeks+, and 42 weeks-, respectively, and three patients had minor response (27.3%). The major toxic effects including myelosuppression, nausea and vomiting were in general manageable. PMID- 6539099 TI - [Treatment of advanced neuroblastoma with regimens containing cis dichlorodiammineplatinum--effect and toxicity]. AB - Ten children with advanced neuroblastoma were treated with regimens containing cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum (CDDP-regimens). Six cases had been refractory or had evidenced inadequate response to previous chemotherapy consisting of cyclophosphamide and adriamycin or vincristine, and radiotherapy. Clinical response was evaluable for 9 cases. Complete response was obtained in 2 cases, partial response in 2 cases, minor response in 2 cases, no change in 1 case and progressive disease in 2 cases. Six of these 9 cases had 2nd look surgery after several CDDP-regimens. Complete resection of tumor was possible in 1 case, subtotal resection in 4 cases and partial resection in 1 case. In an additional case whose clinical response was impossible because of absence of palpable tumor, the tumor had completely disappeared by the time of surgery. Three cases have survived for 5 months, 5 months and 28 months respectively without clinical evidence of tumor, 2 cases for 9 months and 12 months, respectively, with tumor. Four cases died of progressive tumor growth at 9 months, 10 months, 10 months, and 59 months, respectively. One case died of pneumonia at 10 months without clinical evidence of tumor. These results are far better than in our previous experience. Nephrotoxicity was observed in all cases, but it was tolerable in all cases including 3 heminephrectomized children. Hypomagnesemic, hypocalemic tetany was observed in 1 case. This complication was ameliorated by administration of magnesium gluconate. Mean +/- standard deviation of the lowest serum concentration of calcium and magnesium during this medication was 9.75 +/- 0.76 mg/dl and 1.39 +/- 0.44 mg/dl, respectively, against 7.56 +/- 1.64 mg/dl and 0.90 +/- 0.29 mg/dl without the medication, respectively. CDDP is concluded to be against neuroblastoma and its toxicity is tolerable. Magnesium gluconate administration is essential for prevention of tetany. PMID- 6539100 TI - [Introduction of new screening system in National Cancer Institute]. PMID- 6539101 TI - Lichen planus in monozygotic twins. PMID- 6539102 TI - Penicillamine-induced pemphigus. Immunoglobulin from this patient induces plasminogen activator synthesis by human epidermal cells in culture: mechanism for acantholysis in pemphigus. AB - The incubation of cultured epidermal cells with IgG obtained from a 56-year-old man with penicillamine-induced pemphigus resulted in an increase in extracellular and intracellular plasminogen activator. This suggests that penicillamine-induced pemphigus and spontaneously occurring pemphigus share common pathophysiologic processes in the induction of blister formation. PMID- 6539103 TI - [2-dimensional echocardiography in fixed fibrous subaortic stenosis. Correlation with hemodynamics and M-mode echocardiography]. AB - Comparative diagnostic capacity is analyzed between two dimensional echocardiography (E-BD), hemodynamics, surgery and the M-Mode, to accurately establish the diagnosis, variety and severity of fixed fibrous subaortic stenosis, in 29 patients, whose previous diagnosis were made by two dimensional images, using paraesternal, apical and subxiphoid long axis. Group I is made up of 17 patients who had two dimensional echocardiography, M-Mode, and catheterization; Group II is composed of 12 patients who only had two-dimensional echocardiography and M-Mode. Within Group I, hemodynamics showed subaortic gradient in 81%, transvalvular in 13% and no gradient in 6%; the ventriculography showed subaortic obstruction only in 59% of the patients and was normal in 41%. The M-Mode echocardiography registered protosystolic aortic closure (CPSAo) in 50%; the subaortic obstruction was seen as a band, in 44%, non-specific echoes in the outflow tract in 12% and this was normal in 44%. The two cases with transvalvular gradient, the M-Mode registered the subaortic band, and in the case without gradient, the ventriculography showed the subvalvular obstruction. In Group II, the diagnostic signs of M-Mode were: CPSAo in 58%, band in 17%, non specific echoes in the outflow tract in 8%, and this was normal in 75%. The results support other data in that two-dimensional Echocardiography is more sensitive and more specific than M-Mode, intraventricular pressure curves and ventriculography.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6539104 TI - [Determination of Protista in testicular tissue, the epididymis and ejaculates of male probands]. PMID- 6539105 TI - Appearance and quantification of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus in female sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) during their spawning migration. AB - The incidence and amount of infectious hematopoietic necrosis (IHN) virus was determined in 10 organs and body fluids from each of 100 female sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) before, during, and after their spawning migration into freshwater. Virus was found in high concentrations only in fish sampled during and after spawning. Infection rates increased from nil to 100 percent within 2 weeks. In spawning fish, incidences of IHN virus were high in all organs and fluids except brain and serum, and the highest concentrations were in the pyloric caeca and lower gut. Immediately before spawning, IHN virus was found most frequently in the gills, less frequently in the pyloric caeca and spleen, and rarely in other organs. PMID- 6539106 TI - [Electron microscopic study of cellular differentiation in metastases of cancer of the large intestine in man]. AB - A comparative ultrastructural study study of the stage and type of differentiation of cancer cells in the primary large intestine human adenocarcinoma and its metastases in the lymph nodes, ovaries, and greater omentum is described. Metastatic cells have been found to retain the features of specific differentiation and be represented by the same groups and main ultrastructural types as in the primary tumor. The main directions of cell differentiation in metastases and in the primary tumor were similar. The role of microenvironment of different organs appeared to be insignificant in the process of cell differentiation in metastases. PMID- 6539107 TI - The effects of microiontophoretically applied trazodone on single neurones in the rat brainstem. AB - In this microiontophoretical study trazodone (TR) was applied on rat brainstem neurones to verify its effects on spontaneous firing and neuronal responses to administrations of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5HT), noradrenaline (norepinephrine, NA) and acetylcholine (Ach). TR was able to modify the spontaneous firing likely by an indirect action, potentiated the excitatory responses to 5HT and reduced the inhibitory ones, was ineffective on the inhibitory responses to NA, while tended to antagonize the excitatory ones. Moreover TR did not show anticholinergic properties. PMID- 6539108 TI - Cerebral circulatory and cardiac effects of vinpocetine and its metabolite, apovincaminic acid, in anesthetized dogs. AB - Cerebral circulatory and cardiac actions of vinpocetine and its metabolite, apovincaminic acid (AVA), were studied in anesthetized dogs. Injections of vinpocetine (0.03 to 1.0 mg/dog) into the vertebral or coronary artery produced dose-dependent increases in the blood flow of each artery. The action was more prominent in the vertebral than in the coronary artery. Intravenous bolus injections of vinpocetine (0.3 and 1.0 mg/kg) transiently increased vertebral flow and superior sagittal sinus flow velocity in a dose-dependent manner. Femoral flow was slightly increased with a fall in diastolic pressure. AVA (1.0 to 5.0 mg/kg) did not significantly increase vertebral, but increased femoral flow, which was accompanied by systemic hypotension. A similar trend of actions was noted after i.v. infusion of both agents (0.15 and 0.5 mg/kg/min for 30 min). An i.d. administration of vinpocetine (10 mg/kg) increased vertebral and regional cerebral cortical flows, accompanying with a fall in diastolic blood pressure. Femoral flow was not affected. An i.v. bolus injection of vinpocetine (1, 3 and 10 mg/kg) transiently decreased systemic blood pressure, left ventricular maximum dp/dt and heart rate in a dose-dependent manner. Cardiac output tended to be increased, and total peripheral resistance decreased. Coronary flow was transiently increased at 1 and 3 mg/kg, but tended to be decreased at 10 mg/kg. AVA, in the same dose range, decreased systemic blood pressure and total peripheral resistance, and increased cardiac output and coronary flow in a dose dependent manner. An i.v. infusion of vinpocetine (0.5 mg/kg/min for 30 min) decreased systemic blood pressure, left ventricular maximum dp/dt, total peripheral resistance and heart rate.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6539109 TI - [The effects of valtrate on the EEG of the isolated, perfused rat brain]. AB - The purpose of the present investigation was to prove the central activity of valtrate. In order to avoid biotransformation of valtrate the isolated perfused rat brain was used for this study. The CNS activity of the drug was characterized by EEG changes which were analysed visually and quantified by automatic methods. The following results were obtained: In the EEG of brains perfused with valtrate the normal background beta activity was interrupted by spikes and paroxysmal patterns of theta frequencies. These patterns disappeared after reperfusion with the control medium without drug. Valtrate reduced the beta activity and produced an increase in the theta and delta frequencies of the EEG. Using valtrate concentrations of 0.1-100 mumol/l in the perfusion medium a clear dose-response relationship was not demonstrable. PMID- 6539110 TI - Pharmacological effects of deltamethrin on the central nervous system. AB - Pharmacological exploration of the central nervous system carried out by means of a series of tests confirms the affinity of 3-(2,2-dibromovinyl)-2,2 dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylic acid alpha-cyano-3-phenoxybenzyl ester (delta methrin) for the nervous system and reveals the following activities of deltamethrin: Deltamethrin has no neuroleptic or sedative action. It inhibits motility, sense of balance and inquisitiveness of treated animals. It potentiates chloral-induced hypnotic action but not that of pentobarbital. Not only does it have no antagonistic action on convulsivant agents: electric shock, pentetrazol, strychnine, but it stimulates their toxicity and prolongs the convulsive seizures. The fact that deltamethrin acts on different convulsivant agents (i.e. pentetrazol and strychnine) with various sites of action suggests that its activity is located in both the cortical and the medullary centres. Deltamethrin reveals the latent toxicity of tryptamine used in the non-toxic dose range; this predicts that deltamethrin might have an IMAO (inhibitor of monoamine oxidase) activity. Experiments carried out under the conditions adopted showed that deltamethrin acts on various sites. PMID- 6539111 TI - Antagonistic activity of verapamil and diltiazem against different intestinal smooth muscle stimuli. AB - Investigations in the isolated guinea-pig ileum have shown an almost equal inhibitory activity of verapamil and diltiazem against contractions elicited by histamine, 5-HT, acetylcholine and BaCl2. While dicycloverine (dicyclomine) has a specific anticholinergic action, no specific action against any of the stimulating compounds including BaCl2 could be differentiated. Verapamil and diltiazem seem to have good oral "unspecific" spasmolytic properties, which might be of clinical value. The results let us assume that the site of the calcium antagonists action of verapamil and diltiazem in the intestinal smooth muscle could be at a common entrance of Ca2+ released by receptor operating compounds and of Ba2+ into the cell or at structures from which BaCl2 as well as the other agonists release Ca2+. PMID- 6539112 TI - Penetration of imidazole 2-hydroxybenzoate (ITF 182) into experimentally inflamed pleural and knee joint exudates. AB - The penetration of the two components of imidazole 2-hydroxybenzoate (ITF 182), imidazole and salicylate, into inflamed sites induced by intrapleural injection of carrageenin in the rat and by a urate-cotton pellet implantation in the knee joint of the rabbit is studied. The results obtained show that the two components of the salt penetrate rapidly the inflamed sites and display different kinetic profiles: imidazole diffuses throughout inflamed and non-inflamed fluids without any specific localization, salicylate shows preferential localization in inflamed fluids and remains longer than imidazole. PMID- 6539113 TI - Influence of desmotropic drugs on viscoelastic properties of rat tail tendons. Hysteresis experiments. AB - The influence of several desmotropic drugs (D-penicillamine (D-Pc) at doses of 300 and 1000 mg/kg p.o., a lathyrogenic drug, e.g. aminoacetonitrile (AAN) at doses of 100 and 300 mg/kg p.o. and a glucocorticoid, e.g. prednisolone acetate at doses of 2 and 10 mg/kg s.c.) on viscoelastic properties of rat tail tendons has been studied after 10 days' administration. In this experimental series not only the ultimate values (ultimate load, tensile strength, ultimate load of elasticity, ultimate strain), but also the hysteresis loops after 2, 4, 6 and 8% strain were evaluated. The ultimate values showed similar results as found in earlier experimental series, e.g., an impressive decrease after D-Pc treatment, a less pronounced decrease after AAN and an increase after prednisolone acetate. At extension degrees below rupture the values of stress, modulus of elasticity and energy input showed the same pattern. In contrast, energy dissipation as indicated by the area between the hysteresis loop showed a different pattern. Consequently, the ratio between energy dissipation and energy input, which is the characteristic parameter of the hysteresis phenomenon, was highly increased by D Pc and only barely influenced by AAN. In contrast, prednisolone acetate reduced this ratio. A similar pattern was found for residual extension. Since the hysteresis phenomenon can be regarded as a parameter of plasticity of tail tendons one can conclude that D-Pc increases plasticity, AAN has only a slight influence and prednisolone acetate decreases plasticity. PMID- 6539114 TI - [Dialysability of aescin]. AB - In experiments with an artificial kidney (Hollow Fiber Kidney) it could be shown that aescin (Reparil) is fully dialysable. The rate of elimination is mainly dependent on the protein binding (ca. 90%) and not on the permeation rate through the membrane. The concentration of aescin in a serum sample decreased exponentially over a 6-h dialysis period to one-third of the initial concentration. PMID- 6539115 TI - Diffuse interstitial pulmonary disease during amiodarone treatment. AB - A case of diffuse interstitial pneumopathy which was observed by photonic microscopy and confirmed by electron microscopy is presented in a patient treated with amiodarone only. The iatrogenic origin of this pneumopathy appears certain as clinical and radiological signs improved after amiodarone treatment was withdrawn. PMID- 6539116 TI - Pharmacokinetics of graded oral doses of sulindac in man. AB - Pharmacokinetics of graded doses of sulindac were studied on 9 healthy volunteers. Serum concentrations of sulindac (inactive prodrug), sulindac sulfide (active metabolite) and sulindac sulfone (inactive metabolite) were measured both after a single dose of 150 mg, 175 mg or 200 mg and on the 6th and 7th days after b.i.d. administration of the same doses. The peak and minimum concentrations of sulindac were practically not dependent on the dose. The concentration-time curves remained similar after a single dose and after the repetitive dosing. On the contrary, both sulindac sulfide and sulfone gave about twice as high serum levels at steady-state as after a single dose. As judged from several pharmacokinetic parameters, a dose of 150 mg gave significantly smaller values than the higher doses but there was no significant difference between 175 mg and 200 mg in sulindac sulfide and sulfone concentrations. The average half-lives of sulindac, sulindac sulfide and sulfone were 1.7 -4.2 h, 15.3-16.1 h and 16.6-19.6 h, respectively. Both sulindac sulfide and sulfone tended to accumulate at a repetitive dose of 200 mg. The appropriate dose of sulindac appears to be 175 mg twice daily. PMID- 6539117 TI - Vasopressin impairs or enhances retention of learned submissive behavior in mice depending on the time of application. AB - The effects of vasopressin on learning and memory were investigated in a paradigm using adaptive capabilities of interacting male mice. Test animals of the DBA/2 strain which were not submissive in a confrontation with a non-aggressive subordinate C57BL/6 mouse on day 1 (baseline), were defeated on day 2 (learning) by an aggressive dominant C57 mouse, and showed learned submissive behavior upon mere contact with a non-aggressive C57 mouse on day 3 (retest). Pretrial injections of lysine-vasopressin (0.01, 0.1 or 1.0 I.U., s.c.) 20 min before defeat on day 2 resulted in less submissive behavior on day 3 compared to controls, with 0.1 I.U. (equal to 370 ng) being the most effective dose. Post trial injections of vasopressin (0.1 I.U.) immediately after defeat on day 2 significantly improved retention on day 3. Preretention injections of vasopressin (0.1 I.U.) 20 min before testing on day 3 significantly increased learned submissive behavior. The amnesic effect observed after pretrial injections of vasopressin was neither due to state dependency nor to an acquisition deficit, nor to antinociception. It is concluded that processing of the stressful experience of defeat is differently influenced by vasopressin given before or after training, resulting in an impaired or facilitated retention, respectively. Among the hypothetically discussed underlying mechanisms, one suggestion is that exogenous vasopressin interacts with an assumed discriminative stimulus function of endogenously released vasopressin. Another possibility might be that exogenous vasopressin interferes with the defeat-activated opioid peptide system. PMID- 6539118 TI - Morphine catalepsy as an adaptive reflex state in rats. AB - These experiments demonstrate that morphine-induced catalepsy consists of two complementary, but opposite, behavioral extremes (rigid immobility and sudden locomotor bursts), each of which can be controlled by distinct classes of external stimuli. When stimuli that involve pain and/or nonnociceptive skin pressure are tonic (continuous), morphine-induced electroencephalographic (EEG) deactivation and behavioral immobility are potentiated, even to the extent that a stimulation-bound reversible coma results. In contrast, phasic (discrete) stimulation produces behavioral and/or EEG activation. EEG and behavioral rebound effects are observed following stressful (intense, prolonged) stimuli. On the basis of the observed stimulus controls, sensorimotor characteristics, and EEG reactions, it is suggested that similarities may exist between morphine-induced catalepsy and defensive reactions of immobility and escape in drug-free animals (i.e., the adaptive death- feigning reflex). PMID- 6539119 TI - Long gradient of retrograde amnesia in mice: continuity with the findings in humans. AB - Mice were given a single training trial and then received either sham treatment or electroconvulsive shock (ECS; four treatments at hourly intervals) at 1 of 7 times (1-70 days) after training. Retention was always tested 2 weeks after treatment. Control animals exhibited gradual forgetting with increasing retention intervals. Mice given ECS exhibited severe retrograde amnesia, which diminished as the interval between training and ECS increased from 1 to 21 days. ECS given 21-70 days after training had no effect on memory. The finding of long, temporally graded retrograde amnesia in mice establishes continuity between the results for laboratory animals and those for humans and indicates that the neural changes involved in the consolidation of memory can continue for a significant portion of the lifetime of a memory. PMID- 6539120 TI - Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy. Effects of acute and chronic verapamil treatment on left ventricular systolic and diastolic function. AB - Changes in left ventricular systolic and diastolic function and outflow gradient were evaluated in patients with obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy after intravenous acute treatment with verapamil (15 patients) and after six months of oral chronic treatment (11 patients). All patients had severe symptoms despite beta blockade, and the condition of all but two improved appreciably after chronic treatment with verapamil. Resting left ventricular outflow tract gradient decreased in six of 15 patients after intravenous verapamil, and in five of 11 patients after long term treatment, but there was no change in provocable gradients nor any correlation between changes in gradient and improvement in symptoms. Left ventricular ejection rate did not change after intravenous or oral treatment. End systolic pressure/end systolic volume index remained unchanged after oral verapamil treatment. Whereas left ventricular total stroke volume index and end diastolic volume index increased without any significant change in left ventricular end diastolic pressure, indicating improved left ventricular diastolic function. In some patients the left ventricular diastolic pressure volume curve shifted downwards or to the right or both. These findings suggest that improvement in symptoms with verapamil in patients with obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is unlikely to be related to changes in left ventricular outflow gradient or in systolic function and may be related to improved diastolic function. PMID- 6539122 TI - Circadian hormone secretory profiles in women with severe premenstrual tension syndrome. AB - The circadian secretory profiles of serum prolactin, growth hormone and cortisol were measured in two women suffering from severe premenstrual tension syndrome and in two asymptomatic control subjects. Subjects and controls were screened and included after a rigorous selection process. Blood samples were obtained every 30 min over a period of 24 h in each woman both on day 9 (follicular phase) and day 26 (luteal phase) of the menstrual cycle. There was no relationship between the hormonal secretory profiles and the premenstrual tension syndrome. PMID- 6539121 TI - Platelet autoantigens in chronic ITP. PMID- 6539123 TI - Significance of intraocular pressure measurement in systemic hypertension. AB - In normotensive subjects no differences were found between morning and afternoon measurements of (i) mean level of intraocular pressure (IOP), (ii) variance of IOP, and (iii) rise of IOP associated with lying down. Conversely, in subjects with untreated hypertension ( UH ) morning values of (i), (ii), and (iii) were all significantly elevated. Within each group morning and afternoon levels of systolic blood pressure (BP) remained constant but in UH the morning variance of systolic BP was elevated in proportion to the degree of hypertension. This disparate elevation resulted in highly significant correlations between levels and variance of systolic BP and IOP in the morning. These correlations were weaker or absent in the afternoon, and in normotensive persons at both times. These observations may explain the tendency of retinal vein occlusion to occur in the morning. Their relationship to the vascular changes of hypertension pose a problem for future study. PMID- 6539125 TI - The effect of dietary restriction on muscle fibre length in mice. AB - The dietary intake of male mice from a line selected for high body-weight was restricted to 60% by weight of the ad lib. intake of the control litter-mates between days 21 and 42 post partum. One group was killed and compared with controls at 42 d of age. A further group then resumed ad lib. feeding. Mice which had regained the control body-weight by 61 d of age were killed and also compared with controls. Muscle weight, fibre length, sarcomere length, sarcomere number per fibre, actin length and myosin length were measured in the biceps brachii and tibialis anterior muscles. Muscle weight, fibre length and the number of sarcomeres per fibre were significantly reduced in both muscles following dietary restriction, but regained their control values following a resumption of normal feeding. The other indices remained unchanged throughout the study. The pattern of fibre length changes, due entirely to alterations in sarcomere number, is similar to that reported previously during growth, senescence and immobilization and following selection for high and low body-weights. PMID- 6539124 TI - Changes in the content of n-6 fatty acids in liver phospholipids in rats as a consequence of partially hydrogenated dietary oils. AB - The effects of unhydrogenated and partially-hydrogenated marine and rapeseed oils on the relative content of n-6 fatty acids in rat liver phospholipids were studied by gas-liquid chromatography. The type of dietary oil strongly affected the pattern of n-6 fatty acids in the liver phospholipids even after a relatively short feeding period (3 weeks). With diets deficient in linoleic acid, accumulation of the 20:3 n-9 fatty acid was observed in the animals receiving partially hydrogenated oils, but not in the animals receiving the unhydrogenated marine oil which contained relatively high amounts of polyunsaturated fatty acids of the n-3 family. The results presented are in line with reports in the literature that dietary trans fatty acids may inhibit the desaturation-elongation enzyme systems of rat liver. The observed effects did not appear to be directly correlated to the dietary content of very-long-chain monounsaturated fatty acids. PMID- 6539126 TI - Labelling of the human erythrocyte glucose transporter with 3H-labelled cytochalasin B occurs via protein photoactivation. AB - Irradiation of human erythrocyte membranes with 3H-labelled cytochalasin B results in specific photolabelling of the glucose transporter. The action spectrum of photolabelling has a maximum at approx. 280 nm, whereas the absorption spectrum of cytochalasin B is maximal at 210 nm. By irradiating with narrow-band-width light centered at 280 nm for 2 h, 8% of the transporters become covalently labelled and 47% of the remaining cytochalasin B-binding sites are obliterated. We conclude that photolabelling driven by narrow-bandwidth irradiation proceeds via photoactivation of an aromatic amino acid residue on the transporter molecule, and when compared to wide-bandwidth irradiation, permits more efficient incorporation of the label without causing additional photodamage to the remaining transporters. PMID- 6539127 TI - Structural and functional heterogeneity of single-stranded DNA-binding proteins from calf thymus. AB - A new purification technique for 'single-stranded DNA-binding proteins' from calf thymus permits the demonstration of a considerable heterogeneity within these proteins. Several molecular species are obtained with Mr between 24.10(3) and 30.10(3) and pI values between 6 and 8, showing significant differences with regard to the following functional properties: strength of binding to single stranded DNA; lowering of melting temperature of poly[d(A-T)]; stimulation of DNA polymerase alpha on a poly[d(A-T)] template. Analysis of trypsin digestion products demonstrates that the different molecular species share extensive primary sequence homology. Experiments with antibodies show that the different molecular species are antigenically related and that a 31 kDa protein present in low amounts in our preparations is very cross-reactive. PMID- 6539128 TI - Purification of biotin-binding protein from chicken egg yolk and comparison with avidin. AB - A simple alternative procedure for the purification in higher yields of the biotin-binding protein from the chicken egg yolk in a ligand-free form is described. The isolated protein was homogeneous by the criteria of polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, gel filtration chromatography, immuno-double diffusion and immuno-electrophoresis. The protein had an Mr of 72 000 +/- 2000 and was a homotetramer of subunit Mr of 18 000 +/- 1000. It bound [14C]biotin in the molar ratio of 1:4 with an association constant (Ka) of 0.58 X 10(12) M-1. The yolk biotin-binding protein and avidin exhibited qualitatively similar spectral changes on interaction with biotin and p- hydroxyazobenzoic acid, but quantitatively these changes were more pronounced with avidin. Despite the lack of gross immunological cross-reactivity between the two biotin-binders, evidence based on immunological techniques for some degree of common conformational characteristics restricted to or around the ligand-binding sites of the two proteins was adduced. The mixed subunits of the two proteins failed to form hetero-oligomers on reconstitution. PMID- 6539129 TI - A role for ornithine in the regulation of putrescine accumulation and ornithine decarboxylase activity in Reuber H35 hepatoma cells. AB - We investigated the ability of intracellular ornithine to alter both the biosynthesis of putrescine and the activity of ornithine decarboxylase in Reuber H35 hepatoma cells in culture incubated with 12-O- tetrade - canoylphorbol 13 acetate (TPA). In confluent cultures of H35 cells, the addition of TPA (1.6 microM) caused the activity of ornithine decarboxylase to increase by more than 100-fold within 4 h. When exogenous ornithine (0.1-1.0 mM) was added to the culture medium with TPA, a marked dose-dependent increase in the production of putrescine was observed. The activity of ornithine decarboxylase in the same cultures incubated with ornithine decreased in a similar dose-dependent manner. The addition of arginine (0.1-1.0 mM) (but not lysine or histidine) to the H35 cells in culture concomitant with TPA also led to a relative increase in putrescine biosynthesis and a decrease in ornithine decarboxylase activity compared to cultures not receiving the amino acids. A similar response to exogenous ornithine and TPA was observed in a series of less confluent rapidly growing cultures which were in culture for a shorter period of time. The confluent cultures possessed a basal level of arginase (55 units/mg protein) which increased approx. 2-fold upon treatment with TPA. The intracellular concentration of ornithine in the unstimulated cells was in the order of 0.02 0.03 mM. Upon incubation of the cells with exogenous ornithine or arginine, the intracellular pools of these amino acids increased 4- to 8-fold. PMID- 6539131 TI - Prostaglandin E1 treatment of schizophrenia. PMID- 6539130 TI - [Luminescence parameters of nuclear blood cells during the immune response process]. AB - The synthetic activity of nuclear blood cells in the process of immunization of rabbit with ovalbumin was studied by luminescence microspectroscopy . We followed the parameter alpha, the ratio between the intensities of the red (640 nm) and green (530 nm) components of the luminescence spectrum of acridine orange fluorochrome cells. The antiserum titre was determined too. The data obtained make it possible to correlate the increase in alpha of the immunocompetent cells with the content of antibodies synthesized by these cells in response to the protein antigen. It has been shown that within definite limits the parameter alpha does determine the synthetic activity of the immunocompetent cells. PMID- 6539132 TI - Estradiol-induced adult anovulatory syndrome in female C57BL/6J mice: age-like neuroendocrine, but not ovarian, impairments. AB - Long-term effects of elevated plasma estradiol (E2) on ovarian and neuroendocrine functions were examined in 4-month-old cycling female C57BL/6J mice injected s.c. with 0.2 or 0.05 mg estradiol valerate (EV), or oil. Within 7 days, EV-injected mice became permanently acyclic, exhibiting the persistent vaginal cornification (PVC) characteristic of reproductive senescence in rodents. Four months after injection, ovaries from EV-injected mice exhibited no corpora lutea, but ovulated in response to an injection of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) (as do older, spontaneously PVC mice). When grafted into young mice, ovaries from EV-injected mice supported as many estrous cycles as ovaries from oil-injected controls. EV did not alter the suppression of luteinizing hormone (LH) by E2, LH response to injected LH releasing hormone (LHRH), or plasma prolactin (Prl). However, EV injected mice exhibited impairments in LH regulation similar to those seen in old, acyclic mice. Plasma LH 30 days after ovariectomy was 40% lower, and E2 induced LH surges were 60% lower, in EV-injected mice versus controls. Furthermore, EV-injected mice were unable to support estrous cycles given young ovarian grafts, in contrast to controls. Effects of sustained but physiological levels (15-20 pg/ml) of plasma E2, were examined in intact cycling mice given sham or E2 implants. Six weeks after implantation, the implants were removed; only 50% of the E2-implanted mice subsequently exhibited estrous cycles, compared with 100% of sham-implanted controls. Furthermore, those E2-implanted mice which did cycle had fewer cycles than controls.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6539133 TI - Sexual behavior correlates with the diurnal plasma testosterone range in intact male rhesus monkeys. AB - There is evidence that androgens are necessary for the full expression of sexual behavior in male primates, but it has proved difficult to relate sexual activity to circulating androgens levels in comparisons between intact males. In the present study, 4423 behavior tests of 32 pairs of rhesus monkeys were conducted in a constant photoperiod over a 2-year period, and there was no significant relationship between the frequency of ejaculation and plasma testosterone levels in samples collected at 0800, 1600 or 2200 h. However, the magnitude of the diurnal range between the lowest and highest levels correlated negatively with sexual behavior. As the seasonal increase in sexual activity occurred, there was a corresponding decrease in the diurnal range of plasma testosterone. Furthermore, those males with the highest numbers of ejaculations showed the smallest diurnal plasma testosterone ranges. An additional experiment with 32 males revealed that neither behavior testing nor the occurrence of ejaculation influenced the diurnal testosterone range. Consequently, we have concluded that if any causality operated it would be in the direction of a hormonal influence on behavior. These findings suggest that increased nocturnal levels of testosterone do not enhance behavior and that a threshold level maintained throughout the 24 h may be a critical endocrine factor. PMID- 6539134 TI - [Effect of acute alcoholic intoxication on the antigenic composition of soluble proteins in the rat brain]. AB - Cross immunoelectrophoresis was used to study antigenic composition of the brain of rats preferring water, or 15% ethanol and of intermediate group animals. The rat brain showed 6 antigens, one of them was found to be neurospecific. The intermediate group animals and those preferring ethanol differed from those preferring water in that they demonstrated two antigens which were found to be neuro-nonspecific. The content of the neurospecific protein S-100 in the cerebellum measured by rocket immunoelectrophoresis was demonstrated to be the same in animals preferring water and ethanol. A single intraperitoneal injection of 25% ethanol (2.5 g/kg) to the intermediate group rats brought about a change in the composition of neuro-nonspecific soluble antigens of the brain. PMID- 6539135 TI - [Respiratory rhythm of rats under acute emotional stress]. AB - Irregularity of the rhythm of breathing, the breathing rate, blood pressure and heart rate were studied in rats under acute emotional stress induced by non periodic stimulation of the skin and ventromedial hypothalamus. The irregularity of the rhythm of breathing was substantially increased during stimulation of the hypothalamus up to short-term respiratory arrests in animals predisposed to emotional stress. Disturbances of the rhythm of breathing may be one of objective prognostic criteria of the animals' survival or lethality under emotional stress. PMID- 6539136 TI - [Electroencephalogram changes in animals with neurosis as a correlate of metabolic brain disorders]. AB - Experiments were made to correlate changes in bioelectrical activity of the brain of different animals (rats, cats, monkeys) with neurosis and its treatment to the time course of the activity of ATPase, one of the most important enzymes of energy metabolism. It was demonstrated that the electroencephalogram (EEG) taken during neurosis is marked by an increase in the total energy of quick-wave components and reduction in the total energy of slow-wave ones in all the structures under study, by the deterioration of the rhythm change response. These changes corresponded with the inhibited activity of brain Na, K-ATPase, particularly of Mg-ATPase. The EEG returned to normal and ATPases were activated after nikogamol injections. PMID- 6539137 TI - [Dynamics of the poststress recovery of the contractile function and adrenoreactivity of the portal vein]. AB - Emotional painful stress is accompanied by deep depression of portal vein spontaneous contractile function and by a considerable fall of its smooth muscle adrenoreactivity . The time course of post-stress recovery of these parameters was studied. The time course of changes in adrenoreactivity was correlated to the previously studied time course of the post-stress content of noradrenaline in the portal vein wall. Portal vein contractile function was shown to return to normal completely only at the 8th day after exposure to stress. The time course of the recovery of smooth muscle adrenoreactivity was discovered to be similar to that of the recovery of noradrenaline concentration, being wave-like in nature with "fading" fluctuations. Both the processes were found to be marked by the same line of changes. PMID- 6539138 TI - The mechanism of in vitro clot lysis induced by vascular plasminogen activator. AB - The contribution of vascular plasminogen activator (v-PA) to the lysis of whole blood and plasma clots was investigated. v-PA released into the circulation after infusion of deamino-D-arginine vasopressin (DDAVP) was shown to bind quantitatively to plasma clots. Its apparent molecular weight, determined by the SDS-PAGE fibrin-agarose underlay method, was approximately 68,000 daltons, and its activity was quenched by antibodies against human tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA). Clots prepared from post-DDAVP plasma or post-DDAVP whole blood, rich in v-PA, did not lyse when incubated in imidazole buffer or normal plasma, as determined by the release of 125I from radiolabeled clots. However, clots made of v-PA-poor plasma or whole blood, incubated in v-PA-rich plasma, underwent substantial lysis. The concentration of PA in clots incubated in v-PA rich plasma progressively increased in relation to the initial concentration of v PA in the surrounding plasma. The results suggest that, at low concentrations of circulating v-PA, a hemostatic plug will lyse at a very low rate. However, when the v-PA concentration in the clot environment is increased, v-PA will accumulate progressively onto fibrin and induce thrombolysis. PMID- 6539139 TI - Four years of British audiology. AB - The last four years have, as envisaged by Dr Watson, seen a rapid growth in 'Audiology in the Community'. The high prevalence of hearing loss in the community, especially in the elderly, has been indicated by the pilot epidemiological study of the Institute of Hearing Research. This and other studies suggest that in the over-seventies as many as three out of five have a hearing loss sufficient to impair ordinary communication. However, the numbers having and using hearing aids falls far short of this. The range of hearing aids available through the National Health Service has increased substantially, and support services have improved with more and better qualified technical, scientific and therapeutical staff, and with the growth of rehabilitation schemes involving both professional and voluntary workers. Much still remains to be done in educating the community and the profession of the need for earlier referral and treatment of hearing loss. Assistance for the profoundly deaf will, it is hoped, come through the research studies on electrical stimulation of the cochlea. In the meantime Vistel , television captioning and similar exercises in exploiting advances in technology enhance the quality of life of those with profound loss. Help for those suffering from tinnitus has improved greatly in the last four years, partly through recognition that the difficulties are real, and partly through the increasing use of hearing aids and maskers to overcome the debilitating consequences of this condition. Preventative measures progress steadily, as do efforts towards the earlier detection of hearing loss in infants and children. PMID- 6539140 TI - In utero exposure to A-bomb radiation and mental retardation; a reassessment. AB - The prevalence of mental retardation in children exposed in utero to the atomic bombs in Hiroshima and Nagasaki has been re-evaluated in reference to gestational age and tissue dose in the fetus. There was no risk at 0-8 weeks post-conception. The highest risk of forebrain damage occurred at 8-15 weeks of gestational age, the time when the most rapid proliferation of neuronal elements and when most, if not all, neuroblast migration to the cerebral cortex from the proliferative zones is occurring. Overall, the risk is five or more times greater in these weeks than in subsequent ones. In the critical period, damage expressed as the frequency of subsequent mental retardation appears to be linearly related to the dose received by the fetus. A linear model is not equally applicable to radiation-related mental retardation after the 15th week, the observed values suggesting that there a threshold may exist. The data are consistent with a probability of occurrence of mental retardation of 0.40% per cGy or 40% per gray. PMID- 6539141 TI - Neonatal tail posture and its relationship to striatal dopamine asymmetry in the rat. AB - Previous research has demonstrated a link between rotational behavior and striatal dopamine asymmetry in the rat (rats rotate contralateral to the side of higher striatal dopamine concentration) and that the direction of a rat pup's tail posture will predict rotational bias. The present study hypothesized that neonatal tail posture would also predict adult striatal dopamine asymmetry. This hypothesis was confirmed for animals with a left but not right tail posture. PMID- 6539142 TI - Chronic stress enhances apomorphine-induced stereotyped behavior in mice: involvement of endogenous opioids. AB - Mice subjected to repeated stressful experiences showed an increase in stereotypic climbing behavior induced by apomorphine thus suggesting a modified sensitivity of dopaminergic receptors. Naltrexone, injected before each stressful experience, reversed this effect of chronic stress indicating an involvement of endogenous opioids. PMID- 6539143 TI - A hypothalamic-pituitary system that stimulates the release of plasminogen activator in the rat. AB - We have studied the possible role of the hypothalamic-pituitary system in the control of the release of plasminogen activator (PA) into peripheral blood of male rats. Plasminogen activator was measured by euglobulin lysis time. Desamino D- arginine vasopressin (dDAVP) and adrenaline injected i.v. induced an increase in plasma PA as did electrical stimulation of the median eminence (ME), but dDAVP had no effect on plasma PA in hypophysectomized rats. The PA response to ME stimulation was similar in Brattleboro rats (deficient in vasopressin) and adrenalectomized Wistar rats compared with intact Wistar rats, but was abolished by section of the pituitary stalk and was negligible in hypophysectomized rats. The 41-residue corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) had no effect on PA release. Saline extracts of anterior pituitary gland from both normal Wistar and Brattleboro rats produced a dose-dependent increase in plasma PA when injected into normal Wistar rats. The activity of pituitary tissue was abolished by boiling, but not by di-isopropyl fluorophosphate which inactivates PA itself. Thus the anterior pituitary gland of the rat contains a heat-labile factor which stimulates the release of PA from peripheral stores into the circulation. This pituitary factor is released by a hypothalamic factor that is neither vasopressin nor CRF. PMID- 6539144 TI - Ambient temperature-dependence of sleep disturbances produced by basal forebrain damage in rats. AB - Amounts of sleep and waking were determined in rats at ambient temperatures (Ta's) of 20, 25, and 30 degrees C, before and after basal forebrain lesions. Rats were hyposomniac at all Ta's for 1-2 days postlesion. After that, sleep was highly Ta-dependent. Rats were typically hyperthermic after complete ablation of the medial preoptic area (MPOA), and the Ta at which maximal amounts of rapid-eye movement sleep (REMS) occurred frequently shifted from 30 to 25 degrees C. During the first postlesion month, amounts of slow-wave sleep (SWS), REMS, total sleep time ( TST ), and the proportion of time spent in REMS to TST (REMS/ TST ) all improved significantly at the Ta's at which the most REMS occurred (high REMS temperatures). In contrast, at the Ta's at which the least REMS occurred, these variables were as depressed one month after MPOA damage as they were at 5 days postlesion. REMS/ TST recovered most rapidly, returning to prelesion levels at high REMS temperatures within the first postlesion week. REMS bout durations were severely shortened after forebrain damage, and this was the only sleep disturbance not attenuated at high REMS temperatures. After smaller basal forebrain lesions, initial deficits were less severe and normal amounts of sleep returned earlier. However, as was the case for large lesions, sleep deficits were most severe and persistent at low REMS temperatures. PMID- 6539145 TI - [Difficulties in relation to family placements. How to use them. Role of a team of social workers (educators of the street)]. PMID- 6539146 TI - Cultural difference and child abuse intervention with undocumented Spanish speaking families in Los Angeles. PMID- 6539147 TI - The Finnish approach to helping personnel deal with child abuse and neglect. PMID- 6539148 TI - Diagnosing and responding to emotional abuse within the helping system. PMID- 6539149 TI - Foster parents: set up to fail. PMID- 6539150 TI - On the origins of the battered child syndrome: abuse as acting out of preverbal events. AB - The clinical description of a chronically acting out boy, now 14 years old, physically abused by parents and especially by mother, has been the starting point for presenting some concepts on the nature and prevention of child abuse. This patient's life history included repeated hospital admissions, beginning the second month of life and lasting for periods of months. His violent acting out towards objects and people, but particularly his continuous negativistic attitudes towards parents, and his rejection of his mother and home were each time the setting for battles in the family. The role played by medical institutions in promoting child abuse through family detachment and communication loss is briefly considered. PMID- 6539151 TI - Abuse in the investigation and treatment of intrafamilial child sexual abuse. AB - This paper examines the effects of current practice in the investigation and treatment of documented incest abusers on the offenders and families involved. Fifteen offenders attending the Utah Parents United group completed a questionnaire on the sequence of events in the investigation and prosecution of their cases and the concomitant results of the investigation on their job status, living and financial situations, family and social relationships, and media reporting of the abuse. Results indicate that there is great variability in the investigation and prosecution of incest cases and the public announcement of abuse convictions. The consequences of the abuse investigation are devastating for offender and his family in terms of job loss; need for public assistance; family disbandonment through removal of the offender, victim, or both from the family, marital separation, and foster care for nonabused siblings; changes of residence, and the public announcement of the abuse in the media. Results also show that offenders receive little, if any, social support from family or friends. Changes in the current approach to the investigation and prosecution of incest offenders are proposed and include the following: banning the publication of convictions for child abuse; streamlining the legal process so that it is consistent from case to case; and developing diversion programs as alternatives to prison for offenders. Suggested are self-help, court-ordered therapeutic programs, such as Parents United, that are designed for the treatment of families involved in child sexual abuse and incest. The desired outcomes of such a diversion program are low offender recidivism, avoidance of the offender's family being placed on welfare, less reliance on foster care placement for the offender's children, involvement of the offender's family in moving toward reunion when feasible, and the use of existing half-way houses in lieu of incarceration when necessary. PMID- 6539152 TI - Child abuse and neglect in military and civilian families. AB - Patterns and correlates of child maltreatment were investigated both within the military and between military and civilian families. The results revealed that certain patterns and correlates emerged within the military that were significant. For example, loss of control and lack of tolerance were two major reasons given for abuse by military perpetrators . Also the stresses of family discord, new baby and continuous child care along with relocation and isolation played important roles in the occurrence of abuse within the military. When comparisons were made between military and civilian families, some differences were discovered but many more similarities were found. As an example, the analysis revealed that the stress of broken family was a more important correlate of abuse in civilian than in military cases of abuse. For all the other kinds of stresses (e.g., family discord and isolation), however, one was no more important for military than for civilian perpetrators . Although the patterns and correlates of child abuse and neglect may not be unique to the military, this does not minimize the importance of the problem in the armed forces. Programs of treatment and prevention must be developed and implemented to fit the needs and life styles of military families. PMID- 6539153 TI - Law enforcement officers as investigators and therapists in child sexual abuse: a training model. AB - Law enforcement officers, often the first professionals to come in contact with a victim of child sexual abuse, can either increase or decrease the traumatic impact on the child and the family at the time of disclosure. The model for a training program for police officers in handling cases of child sexual abuse outlined in this paper is divided into three sections. The first part is directed towards theoretical issues involved in this problem, including an explanation of the history and background of sexual abuse of children by adults and of the difference in the dynamics of extra- and intrafamilial sexual abuse. The second part consists of a detailed explanation of different types of sex offenses and of standard physical examinations of sexual abuse victims. Graded slides of physical trauma geared towards wound identification are paired with relaxation exercises. The third section focuses on special considerations when interviewing sexually abused children. The difference between interviewing and interrogation, specific questioning techniques, and the use of videotape is explained. Each part of this training procedure is followed by a question and answer period and small group discussions for the purpose of encouraging disclosure and better understanding of the officers' personal reactions to cases of child sexual abuse. PMID- 6539154 TI - Child abuse and neglect in Denmark: medico-legal aspects. AB - On the basis of material selected at the Institute of Forensic Medicine, Aarhus , from 1959 to 1980, we estimated the frequency of mortality from child abuse in Denmark to be 0.5 child deaths per million inhabitants per year. This figure is equal to that in Sweden and Norway but lower than most other countries. The study population included 53 abused children: 33 living children (18 boys and 15 girls) and 20 fatalities (11 boys and 9 girls). The social background of the children and abusers (32 men and 15 women) is described in connection with the juridical and social outcome of the cases. Cases with repetitive lesions were the most important evidence of child abuse. In cases with non-repetitive injuries, it was more difficult to prove that child abuse had taken place, but subdural hematoma and abdominal lesions with rupture of the duodenum or tearing of the mesenterium were very strong evidence. We think that a better handling of cases of child abuse or neglect could be obtained with extended collaboration between the social authorities, the police, the public prosecutor , the pediatrician and the forensic pathologist. PMID- 6539155 TI - Are the social workers prepared to assist a changing population of dysfunctional parents in Sweden? AB - What kind of support can an affluent society as the Swedish offer dysfunctional parents in order to give the infants an optimal start in life? The purpose of the present study was to analyze the social situation in families precipitating the admission of infants to institutional care in 1970, 1975 and 1980. The results show that in 1980 more complex forms of parental dysfunction were common including mental disorders, criminality, abuse of alcohol and drug addiction. The reported incidence of domestic violence had increased significantly from 1970 to 1980 as well as the number of maltreated infants. The social welfare agencies had greater difficulties and to a larger extent lacked adequate methods of providing assistance to the dysfunctional parents in 1980 than in 1970. PMID- 6539156 TI - The families of children who fail to thrive: preliminary investigations of parental deprivation among organic and non-organic cases. AB - A majority of cases of failure to thrive (FTT) do not have a known organic etiology. Social and psychological determinants are sought for these "non-organic failure to thrive" (N-O FTT) cases. Social and psychological differences between non-organic and organic cases are also explored here. With the introduction of the term, "maternal deprivation," medical practitioners have implicated mothers' deficiencies as instrumental in the etiology of N-O FTT. However, these mothers are themselves usually deprived. Lack of cooperation in childcare by both parents is noted when classic clinical cases are reviewed. We suggest that the concept, "parental deprivation," provides a more accurate model. Preliminary research findings support our hypothesis that mothers of FTT infants do not have good social support networks. Teen motherhood and socioeconomic status also appear to be important, but not necessary as determinants. An unexpected finding is that there are few differences in the social deficiencies of families of N-O FTT infants as compared to those failing for organic reasons. Two unanticipated findings appear noteworthy. First, infants failing for organic reasons are significantly smaller and thinner at birth, independent of pregnancy complications or prematurity. Second, infants failing for non-organic reasons are more likely to present during the period of infant-caretaker role development and less likely in the later toddler stage. Additional research into the feasibility of strengthening family supports as a basis of intervention is recommended. PMID- 6539157 TI - Role of rhizobitoxine in protecting soybean roots from Macrophomina phaseolina infection. AB - Bacterization of soybean seeds or roots with Rhizobium japonicum significantly reduced charcoal rot disease caused by Macrophomina phaseolina . Rhizobium japonicum inhibited the growth of M. phaseolina on both liquid and solid media. Replacement of nutrient medium with culture filtrate of R. japonicum significantly reduced mycelial growth of M. phaseolina . Whole culture extracts of R. japonicum yielded a toxic substance which was identified as rhizobitoxine after chromatographic, ultraviolet, and infrared spectrophotometric analyses. This compound also was detected in the roots of soybean inoculated with either R. japonicum alone or in combination of R. japonicum and M. phaseolina . Dosage response curves with rhizobitoxine showed it to be antifungal. The possible role of rhizobitoxine in protecting soybean roots from M. phaseolina infection is discussed. PMID- 6539158 TI - Postanal repair to restore fecal continence after failed sphincteroplasty. AB - The traditional procedure of delayed repair of the sphincters and perineorrhaphy failed to restore continence to a 31-year-old woman who had fecal incontinence following obstetric trauma. Successful control was achieved by postanal surgical repair. This case report shows that good results are possible by reconstruction of the anorectal angle even after failed sphincteroplasty. PMID- 6539159 TI - Ovarian dysplasia. A study of identical twins. AB - The normal, identical twin sisters of patients who had been the subjects of ovarian cancer were subjected to prophylactic oophorectomy after the menopause. The finding of epithelial abnormality suggests a precancerous change similar to other genital epithelial dysplasia. PMID- 6539160 TI - Ferritin-bearing lymphocytes in the diagnosis of breast cancer. AB - Four hundred forty-seven women attending a breast clinic because of either suspicious lesions, anxiety about breast cancer, follow-up after the removal of a benign breast lesion, or a family history of breast cancer had a routine test for percentage of ferritin-bearing lymphocytes ( FBL ) in their peripheral blood. Among patients who received surgery following physical examination in the clinic and/or mammography, the test was positive in 40 of the 45 (89%) with Stage I;II carcinoma, 3 of 3 with Stage IV carcinoma, and only in 29 of the 97 (37%) with benign breast disease. The possible reasons for the poorer detection rate in Stage III carcinoma are discussed. The test, however, identified 2 cases of Stage I carcinoma, 1 of breast lymphoma, and 12 with premalignant lesions in those who were found normal on physical examination and mammography. Ferritin-bearing lymphocyte results tended to become negative after surgical removal of the lesion, and became positive on recurrence of the tumor and appearance of metastases. The detection rate was maximized by combining the FBL test with the clinical modes of detection. PMID- 6539161 TI - Methyl-CCNU, doxorubicin, and cis-diamminedichloroplatinum II in the management of recurrent and metastatic squamous carcinoma of the cervix. AB - Twenty-three patients with recurrent unresectable carcinoma of the cervix or distant metastasis at initial presentation were treated with methyl-CCNU (175 mg/m2) and doxorubicin (45 mg/m2) on day 1 and cis- diamminedichloroplatinum II (90 mg/m2) on day 22 of a 42-day treatment cycle. Twenty-two patients had squamous carcinoma and 1 had adenosquamous carcinoma. There were two complete responses (CR), five partial responses (PR) (greater than 50% tumor reduction, greater than 3-month duration), four patients with stable disease (less than 50% reduction, greater than 3-month duration), and 12 patients who had tumor progression. One CR has been maintained greater than 28 months, and the other greater than 8 months. Total CR and PR was 7 of 23 (30.4%). Three 23 responses occurred among 15 patients (20%) who had cancer primarily confined to the pelvis, while 4 of 8 patients (50%) with distant metastasis responded. During the initial 2 cycles of chemotherapy, 12 patients had myelosuppression, defined as a leukocytes less than 3000/mm3, granulocytes less than 1,000/mm3, or platelets less than 100,000/mm3. There were no treatment-related deaths. PMID- 6539162 TI - HeLa cell tumor response to 60Co, Cs-137, Cf-252 radiations and cisplatin chemotherapy in nude mice. AB - HeLa cells were implanted into athymic nude mice from tissue culture and solid tumors established (HeLa cell tumor or HCT). Large cell numbers of 1 X 10(7) were required to obtain consistent and progressive growth, and tumor growth followed a Gompertzian mode. Irradiation studies were carried out using acute Cobalt-60 (60Co), low-dose-rate (LDR) Cs-137 and LDR Cf-252. Cf-252, a neutron-emitting radioisotope, produced an immediate tumor shrinkage and regression response after a dose of 279 cGy. Acute 60Co or LDR Cs-137 irradiation with 1000 cGy had little effect on the HCT. After a dose of 2000 cGy of 60Co radiation tumor shrinkage followed a latent period of approximately 5 days. Cisplatin had no effect on the HCT in nude mice in stationary or late exponential growth. PMID- 6539163 TI - Evidence for the clonal origin of acquired hypomegakaryocytic thrombocytopenic purpura from a sex chromosome mosaic. AB - Cytogenetic studies performed on a 79-year-old female presenting with clinical and hematologic features of acquired hypomegakaryocytic thrombocytopenic purpura revealed sex chromosome mosaicism in blood lymphocytes (45,X/46,XX/47,XXX). The presence of only 45,X cells in the bone marrow is consistent with a unicellular origin of acquired hypomegakaryocytic thrombocytopenia in this patient. These studies also suggest that, in some instances, this disorder may originate at the level of the pluripotent hematopoietic stem cell. PMID- 6539164 TI - Use of 5-fluorodeoxycytidine and tetrahydrouridine to exploit high levels of deoxycytidylate deaminase in tumors to achieve DNA- and target-directed therapies. AB - In view of the 20- to 80-fold elevation of deoxycytidine-5'-phosphate (dCMP) deaminase in many human malignant tumors, we have utilized 5-fluorodeoxycytidine ( FdCyd ) coadministered with tetrahydrouridine ( H4Urd ) as a combination of antitumor agents against two murine solid tumors which possess high levels of dCMP deaminase. This approach is based on our past studies in which we demonstrated that FdCyd is an excellent substrate for mammalian 2'-deoxycytidine kinase, and that H4Urd increases the toxicity of FdCyd in the mouse. Cell culture studies utilizing 2'- deoxytetrahydrouridine which inhibits cytidine deaminase and as 2'- deoxytetrahydrouridine -5'-monophosphate inhibits dCMP deaminase, provide indirect evidence for the pathway that we had proposed in the past, 2'- Deoxytetrahydrouridine antagonized the toxicity of FdCyd to a greater extent than did H4Urd and showed marked antagonism in cytidine deaminase-deficient cells. Cell lines lacking both cytidine and 2'-deoxycytidine-5'-monophosphate deaminase were markedly resistant to FdCyd . Thymidine and deoxyuridine antagonized toxicity in a manner consistent with the proposed pathway of anabolism of FdCyd and consistent with its resulting in the inhibition of thymidylate synthetase. We have established the efficacy of FdCyd + H4Urd chemotherapy utilizing adenocarcinoma 755 and Lewis lung carcinoma in C57BL X DBA/2 F1 mice. An example of an optimum schedule versus Lewis lung carcinoma is FdCyd , 10 to 12 mg/kg, plus H4Urd , 25 mg/kg, coadministered simultaneously, once per day on Days 1 to 7 after tumor implantation. Tumor inhibitions on Days 12, 14, and 16 were 95, 90, and 80%, respectively, with 8% maximum weight loss. Comparative studies were undertaken only with Lewis lung carcinoma and it was established that FdCyd + H4Urd surpasses the efficacies of 5-fluorouracil and 5-fluorodeoxyuridine as well as FdCyd when administered without H4Urd . We propose that the administration of FdCyd with H4Urd can result in preferential, tumor-directed conversion of a nontoxic nucleoside analogue to a toxic antimetabolite by an enzyme that is markedly elevated in human tumor tissue. The analogues of deoxycytidine are resistant to catabolism and are anabolized by a different subset of enzymes than are 5-fluorouracil or 5-fluorodeoxyuridine; therefore, it is a novel approach. Not only are there intrinsic selectivity, metabolic stability, and the advantages that accrue from prodrug therapy in this strategy, but in addition, the potential for an exclusively DNA-directed effect exists. This is in contrast to approaches with 5-fluorouracil and 5-fluorodeoxyuridine, in which, in addition to DNA effects, parallel effe PMID- 6539165 TI - Effect of selenium in combination with cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II) in the treatment of murine fibrosarcoma. AB - cis-Diamminedichloroplatinum(II) (cis-DDP) is a well-known anticancer agent the use of which is limited by its toxicity. Since it has been demonstrated that selenium is able to combine with metals like cadmium and mercury and to reduce their toxicity, we decided to investigate whether it could reduce the toxicity of platinum. We treated fibrosarcoma-bearing mice with a combination of cis-DDP and selenium. The dose of 2 or 4 micrograms selenium/g animal weight had no effect on tumor growth. The i.p. injection of 16 micrograms cis-DDP/g led to early death of animals. The i.p. treatment of tumor-bearing animals with 2 or 4 micrograms of selenium reduced the early mortality induced by cis-DDP at a dose of 16 micrograms/g. Therefore, the addition of selenium allowed the administration of high doses of cis-DDP, which resulted in an improved antitumor effect. Clonogenic assays following drug exposure showed that selenium had no direct effect on tumor cells and did not modify the antitumor activity of cis-DDP. Electron microscopy showed reduced changes in renal cells when selenium was added to the cis-DDP treatment. Microanalysis showed no accumulation of either selenium or platinum within renal cells. These results suggest that the addition of selenium decreases the nephrotoxicity of cis-DDP. PMID- 6539166 TI - Relationship between multiple forms of plasminogen activator in human breast tumors and plasma and the presence of metastases in lymph nodes. AB - Plasminogen activators (PAs), a family of proteases active in blood coagulation, may play an important role in cancer. Indeed, blood coagulation disorders, such as altered fibrinogen and fibrin metabolism and increased incidence of vascular thrombosis, are common in patients with advanced malignant disease. Different types of human tumors are known to contain high levels of PA. The isoelectric focusing patterns of the PAs present in tumors and plasma from patients with breast cancer were compared with those of purified human urokinase and melanoma tissue PA. The pattern of isoelectric molecular forms of PA active at pH 8 showed two groups of several bands: in plasma from tumor-bearing patients and controls, these groups were in the pl ranges of 6.6 to 6.8 and 8.0 to 8.5; in mammary adenocarcinoma tissue, the ranges were 6.8 to 7.9 and 9.0 to 9.4. These patterns were different from those obtained with purified markers; the latter were 5.8 to 9.4 and 5.9 to 7.6 for purified human urokinase and melanoma plasminogen tissue activator, respectively. PA activity in tumor-bearing patients was very high in malignant tissue and, on the contrary, very decreased in plasma; this latter decrease was correlated with the presence of metastases in the axillary lymph nodes. These results suggest that the high PA activity in the tumor tissue might participate in the destruction of the peritumoral tissue, thus allowing its invasion by tumor cells, whereas the low activity of PA in the plasma might increase plasma fibrin, reflecting thus an early disorder in blood coagulation which would enhance the formation of metastases. PMID- 6539167 TI - Involvement of plasminogen activator production with tumor metastasis in a rat model. AB - The process of metastasis involves numerous steps, many of which are thought to require the action of hydrolases, such as collagenase and other proteases. In this study, we investigate the role of the protease plasminogen activator in the metastasis of the rat mammary adenocarcinoma 13762. We observed that this tumor cell line is heterogeneous with respect to plasminogen activator (PAA) production. Clonal tumor cell populations were isolated which produced various levels of PAA. This phenotypic property of these clones remained stable for long periods of in vitro culture and did not affect their tumorigenicity. When the metastatic potential of these clones was determined using the lung colony assay, a strong correlation between PAA and metastatic potential was found. Furthermore, a threshold level of PAA production was observed, above which the lung colony forming ability of the cells increased dramatically. These studies suggest that PAA production may play an important role in tumor metastasis. PMID- 6539168 TI - Radioimmunological determination of cellular retinol-binding protein in human tissue extracts. AB - A sensitive and specific radioimmunoassay was developed for human cellular retinol-binding protein (CRBP) using antibodies raised in rabbits against purified human liver CRBP. The assay could determine concentrations of CRBP in extracts down to 8 micrograms/liter. CRBP could be demonstrated in all tissues investigated except in serum, and the same immunoreactive CRBP seemed to be present in all tissues. The highest concentrations were found in the gonads. In the gastrointestinal tract, the small intestine had a higher concentration than did stomach or colon. Muscle and skin had low concentrations of CRBP. PMID- 6539169 TI - Pharmacokinetics of etoposide (VP16) in children and adolescents with refractory solid tumors. AB - The clinical pharmacokinetics of etoposide were studied in eight pediatric patients with refractory solid tumors. The alpha-phase half-life, beta-phase half life, volume of distribution, and elimination rate constant averaged 0.82 hr, 6.5 hr, 4.0 liters/sq m, and 0.25 hr-1, respectively. Noncompartmental parameters such as systemic clearance, mean residence time, and volume of distribution at steady-state averaged 20.9 ml/min/sq m, 7.8 hr, and 7.2 liters/sq m, respectively. A significant relationship between serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase and systemic clearance was observed, with patients having elevated serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase showing slower systemic clearance of etoposide. Systemic clearance, mean residence time, and beta-phase half-life of etoposide were significantly lower in those patients who had received cisplatin prior to their Phase II etoposide trial. The average pharmacokinetic values derived from these eight pediatric patients with solid tumors did not differ significantly from those previously reported in children with leukemia administered similar dosages and in adults given radioactively labeled etoposide. PMID- 6539170 TI - Hypoxanthine concentrations in normal subjects and patients with solid tumors and leukemia. AB - Mean plasma hypoxanthine (Hyp) concentrations determined by high-pressure liquid chromatography were 0.56 microM (range, 0.2 to 1.9 microM) in 16 normal subjects, 0.68 microM (range, 0.1 to 1.1 microM) in 10 untreated acute leukemic subjects, and 0.89 microM (range, 0.3 to 2.6 microM) in 14 solid tumor patients. Despite large differences in Hyp concentration between patients, every 4-hr sampling, indicated that diurnal variation in individual patients was small (maximum, 2.3 fold). While the mean plasma and malignant effusion Hyp concentrations did not differ significantly, bone marrow plasma Hyp concentration averaged 4.0-fold greater than that of simultaneously drawn venous plasma. Allopurinol 300 mg p.o. caused a mean 1.5-fold increase in plasma Hyp within 3 hr. In 17 patients with acute leukemia, treatment with allopurinol at 300 mg daily plus initiation of chemotherapy caused a mean 7-fold increase in plasma Hyp to 4.6 microM (range, 1 to 12 microM). The ability of Hyp to modulate the toxicity of antimetabolites affecting purine synthesis (6- diazao -5- oxonorleucine , 6-methylmercaptopurine riboside, 6-mercaptopurine, and 6-thioguanine) was determined in vitro using human B-lymphoblast (WI-L2) and promyelocytic leukemia (HL-60) cell lines. Hyp permitted growth of both cell lines in the presence of clinically achievable concentrations of all 4 drugs, but the initial culture concentrations of Hyp required were above those found in patients. Since Hyp was consumed rapidly during the culture period, the average Hyp concentrations required for the protection of cells were actually much lower. We conclude that, in patients with acute leukemia receiving allopurinol during chemotherapy, plasma Hyp concentrations are significantly elevated; the potential for antagonism of antimetabolite activity is uncertain. PMID- 6539171 TI - Cisplatin, doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, lomustine, and vincristine (PACCO) in the treatment of non-small cell bronchogenic carcinoma. AB - A total of 43 patients with non-small cell carcinoma from a small preliminary trial and a larger in-house study were evaluated after treatment with cisplatin (50 mg/m2), doxorubicin (50 mg/m2), cyclophosphamide (300 mg/m2), and vincristine (1.4 mg/m2), all given iv on Day 1, and lomustine (50 mg/m2) given orally on Day 1. The response rate in the larger trial was 9%, with a 95% confidence interval of 2%-24%. For the combined group of all patients, median survival was 200 days, with a 95% confidence interval of 115-229 days. Hematologic toxicity and nausea and vomiting were moderate to severe and there were two treatment-related deaths. This combination drug regimen appears to have no advantages over other, less toxic regimens in the treatment of non-small cell bronchogenic carcinoma. PMID- 6539172 TI - Warfarin, etoposide, and vindesine interactions. PMID- 6539173 TI - Microfilament rearrangements during fibroblast-induced contraction of three dimensional hydrated collagen gels. AB - In vitro models have been developed recently to study the ability of fibroblasts to generate tensile force within collagen gels. The present study was initiated to assess the role of the cytoskeleton in the cell shape changes and force generation in one such model system. Porcine periodontal ligament fibroblasts ( PPLF ) were cultured within three-dimensional collagen gels attached to glass coverslips. Fluorescence microscopy, using nitrobenzooxadizole (NBD)- phallacidin labeling for microfilaments and tubulin antibody staining for microtubules, was combined with phase and Nomarski optics to determine the intra- and extracellular architecture of the cells and collagen fibers. Samples were observed from 30 minutes to 24 hours after initiation of cell attachment. During attachment and spreading, NBD- phallacidin staining changed dramatically until large microfilament bundles became prominent. Collagen fiber alignment, compaction, and finally tearing from the coverslip occurred during this time. After release of tension, microfilament bundles were no longer evident. The change in microtubule distribution during these processes was less dramatic, appearing to follow the change in cell shape. These results indicate that microfilaments play an essential role in generating force to align and compact collagen, while microtubules may have a secondary role only. PMID- 6539174 TI - Regional differences in the numerical particle distribution in the plasma membrane of a molluscan egg. PMID- 6539175 TI - Interaction of platinum with metallothionein-like ligands in the rat kidney after administration of cis-dichlorodiammine platinum II. AB - After the administration of the anticancer drug cis-dichlorodiammine platinum II (cisplatin) to male rats, the Pt in the soluble fraction of the kidney is isolated, by gel filtration, in association with a high molecular weight component and a low molecular weight fraction. At 24 h, Pt is also recovered in a metallothionein-like fraction which elutes from Sephadex G-50 with a lower apparent molecular weight than endogenous (Cu, Zn)-thionein or Cd-thionein isolated from the kidneys of Cd2+-treated rats. None of these low molecular weight metal-binding fractions binds to Octyl Sepharose CL-4B. On DE-52 ion exchange chromatography, Cd-thionein is resolved into two isometallothioneins whereas the low molecular weight Pt-binding fraction is only partially purified and contains at least six components which elute at higher gradient concentrations than metallothionein. Pretreatment with Cd2+ which stimulates the synthesis of renal and hepatic metallothionein has no effect on the uptake and subcellular distribution of Pt in the liver and kidneys. Cisplatin treatment reduces the concentration of Cu and Zn in the renal metallothionein and other soluble protein fractions in the kidney. When administered to Cd2+-pretreated rats, cisplatin promotes the loss of Zn from the soluble protein fractions but causes the redistribution of Cd from the metallothionein to the high molecular weight fraction and fails to inhibit the Cd2+-induced accumulation of Cu in the kidneys and the binding of Cu to the soluble protein fractions. It is suggested that metallothionein probably does not have a significant role in the renal metabolism of Pt following the administration of cisplatin to rats. PMID- 6539176 TI - The hepatic glutathione transferases of the male little skate, Raja erinacea. AB - Five cytosolic glutathione transferases were isolated from the liver of the male little skate, Raja erinacea, a marine elasmobranch. They were designated E-1 through E-5 in order of their elution from a DEAE-cellulose column with a 0 to 100 mM KCl gradient in 0.01 M Tris (pH 8.0). Each eluted peak of glutathione transferase activity, after concentration, was applied to an affinity column prepared by reaction of epoxy-activated Sepharose 6B with glutathione (GSH). Elution of the various glutathione transferases from this column with GSH resulted in the further purification of each enzyme; the major glutathione transferase, E-4 and E-1, were purified to apparent homogeneity by this procedure. Skate glutathione transferase E-4 is dimeric and the subunits are either very similar or identical in molecular weight (about 26 000 daltons). Enzymes E-2 through E-5 were acidic proteins (pI less than 7.0) and had high specific glutathione transferase activity (0.3--12 mumol/min/mg protein) with benzo[a]pyrene 4,5-oxide (BPO) as substrate, whereas the other enzyme (E-1) had low activity (0.01 mumol/min/mg) with BPO and a basic pI (greater than 9.5). Bilirubin and hematin, non-substrate ligands, bound tightly to homogeneous E-4, with dissociation constants in the micromolar range. PMID- 6539177 TI - Carcinogenicity in mice of mutagenic compounds from glutamic acid and soybean globulin pyrolysates. AB - 2-Amino-6-methyldipyrido[1,2-a:3',2'-d]imidazole and 2- aminodipyrido [1,2 a:3',2'-d]imidazole, potent mutagens from glutamic acid pyrolysate, were given orally to CDF1 mice of both sexes at concentrations of 0.05% in pellet diet. 2 Amino-3-methyl-9H-pyrido[2,3-b]indole and 2-amino-9H-pyrido[2,3-b]indole, potent mutagens from soybean globulin pyrolysate, were given to CDF1 mice of both sexes at concentrations of 0.08%. Hepatocellular carcinomas and hemangioendothelial sarcomas in the brown adipose tissue were induced in high incidence by all these compounds. PMID- 6539178 TI - Diurnal variations in the concentration of cadmium in urine. PMID- 6539179 TI - Plasma prolactin in women with mastodynia. AB - Plasma prolactin was measured by radioimmunoassay during the luteal phase in 22 patients affected by moderate or severe mastodynia and results were compared to those of 43 control subjects. No consistent changes were seen during the course of the luteal phase in either group. No significant differences were noted between the prolactin levels of the two groups. No association was found between moderate or severe mastodynia and variations of plasma prolactin levels. PMID- 6539180 TI - Otitis media in childhood. Sociomedical aspects with special reference to day care conditions. AB - To assess the effect of day-care conditions on the occurrence of middle ear infection, 681 children, aged 3-4 yr, were investigated. The investigation comprised an interview with one of the parents, a case history was taken, and a physical examination including tympanometry. At that time 76% of the children had been in day-care away from their homes and half of these were younger than 6 months old. The two groups of children, those in day-care and those looked after at home, were comparable with respect to sex, housing conditions, parents' social status and smoking habits. An increased occurrence of otitis media was found among children in day-care Measurements of middle ear pressure revealed a significantly larger number of children with flat curves (secretory otitis) and thus poorer hearing among those in day-care than those at home. Among the children in day-care there was also a significantly larger number with a history of adenoidectomy than among those looked after at home. These differences could not be explained by sex, housing conditions, social status or parents' smoking habits. It is concluded that the apparently greater occurrence of middle ear infection among children in day-care, compared to those looked after at home is due to an increased risk of contamination from children of their own age. PMID- 6539181 TI - Hepatobiliary imaging for demonstration of bile leaks. AB - Three cases are presented in which hepatobiliary scans demonstrated extent and course of active bile extravasation. Correlation with computed tomography is demonstrated. The results of the examinations significantly influenced the direction of clinical care of all three patients. Hepatobiliary scanning is suggested for early evaluation of postoperative and post-traumatic complications involving the biliary system. PMID- 6539182 TI - Etiology of the obstructive pattern in hepatobiliary imaging. AB - The records of all patients undergoing hepatobiliary imaging at our hospital from January 1980 to March 1983 were reviewed and 29 scans met the criteria for a pattern consistent with complete biliary tract obstruction. Biliary tract obstruction (due to choledocholithiasis, primary or secondary carcinoma involving the common bile duct, and pancreatitis) was documented in 24 of these patients. However, the remaining five patients had a patent common bile duct, and the etiologic factor was intrahepatic cholestasis secondary to sepsis in four and peritonitis in one. A classification of altered biliary dynamics in hepatobiliary imaging, which is based on the classification of jaundice, is proposed. PMID- 6539183 TI - Duodenogastroesophageal reflux. Demonstration with Tc-99m DISIDA imaging. AB - Duodenogastroesophageal reflux is demonstrated using cholescintigraphy in a patient with severe esophagitis. PMID- 6539184 TI - Effect of exercise training on plasma catecholamines and haemodynamics of adolescent hypertensives during rest, submaximal exercise and orthostatic stress. AB - Twelve adolescents with essential hypertension were studied to determine the effect of exercise training on plasma catecholamine concentrations, blood pressure and cardiovascular haemodynamics at rest and during submaximal exercise and orthostatic stress. Maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) increased 13% with training while body weight and body fat did not change. Resting systolic and diastolic blood pressures decreased significantly with training, while plasma norepinephrine and epinephrine levels were unchanged. The increase in systolic blood pressure in response to standing was significantly lower after training, while the plasma catecholamine response was not significantly different. At the same absolute work rate after training, the subjects' systolic and diastolic blood pressures, heart rates, and plasma norepinephrine and epinephrine levels were significantly lower than before training. At the same relative work rate after training, the blood pressure response was the same as before training despite significantly higher plasma norepinephrine levels. Thus, the training induced changes in resting blood pressures and blood pressure responses to orthostatic and submaximal exercise stress cannot be attributed to decreases in plasma catecholamine levels. PMID- 6539185 TI - Effect of exercise training on plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level at constant weight. AB - Previous investigations have demonstrated an increase of plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-Chol) and a decrease in the ratio of low density lipoprotein (LDL)-Chol/HDL-Chol (Atherogenic Index; AI) as a result of exercise training. The question of whether elevation of HDL-Chol was a consequence of weight reduction or physical training itself was unsolved. The present study was designed to prevent the weight reduction that is associated with exercise training. Five healthy and mildly active male volunteers, aged 28-31 years, participated in a 4-week training programme. They ran on a treadmill at 140-160 m/min at 0% grade for 50 min, 5 times a week, equivalent to an energy expenditure of 9 kcal/kg body weight/day. Subjects maintained their body weights by increasing calorie intake to match increased energy expenditure. No changes were observed in mean body weight, skinfold thickness, basal metabolism, and maximal oxygen uptake after the training programme. The HDL-Chol level increased from 54 to 73 mg/dl (P less than 0.05), and the reduction of AI was 30.8% (P less than 0.05) in response to the exercise training. However, the exercise training did not induce changes in plasma total cholesterol and triglyceride (TG) levels. The results of this experiment suggested that moderate physical training itself can be a potent factor for the regulation of HDL-Chol level and improvement of the AI in the absence of alterations in body weight. PMID- 6539186 TI - Early changes in oesophageal function in progressive systemic sclerosis: a comparison of manometry and radiology. AB - The characteristics of oesophageal dysfunction were studied with manometry and cine radiography in a recumbent position in 21 patients with typical progressive systemic sclerosis (PSS). Manometry was also performed in a matched control group. Only one patient had a completely normal manometry. Mean resting pressure in both the upper and lower oesophageal sphincters were significantly decreased in PSS. Twelve patients had no detectable peristalsis in the lower oesophagus. In the upper oesophagus, the mean pressure amplitude of the peristalitic wave was found to be lower than normal in all patients with detectable peristalsis. In some patients, the only feature of oesophageal dysfunction observed was an increased speed of the peristaltic wave in the middle and lower oesophagus. This is interpreted as an impaired coordination of the propulsive peristalsis. Neuromuscular dysfunction of the oesophagus in its full length was thus clearly demonstrated. At cine radiography, three patients were judged as normal, and 13 patients had severe impairment of the peristaltic function in the distal two thirds of oesophagus. Oesophageal scoring based on manometry correlated well to scoring based on radiography. Cine radiography of the recumbent patient gives adequate information for clinical purposes. Detection of early changes in the amplitude and speed of the propagation wave requires manometry. PMID- 6539187 TI - Videophotometric capillaroscopy for evaluating drug effects on skin microcirculation--a double-blind study with nifedipine. AB - By videophotometric capillaroscopy, blood flow dynamics in the nutritional skin capillaries of man can be quantified. In this double-blind crossover study the acute effect of nifedipine on finger nailfold capillary blood cell velocity (CBV) was investigated in 10 healthy subjects. At the moment of administration of 10 mg nifedipine or placebo sublingually, a transitory but significant increase in heart rate and reduction of digital pulse amplitude (DAPA) were seen. Subsequent measurements of DAPA and heart rate were not significantly different from the baseline ones. CBV however increased after 10 min to a maximum of 49% above baseline values (P less than 0.05) after nifedipine but was unaffected by placebo. The reactive hyperaemia response in the capillaries were unaffected by both placebo and nifedipine. The decrease in DAPA and increase in heart rate upon administration of the drug or placebo are compatible with an increase in sympathetic activity. The subsequent increase in CBV indicates that nifedipine diminishes precapillary vascular tone. However, the drug seems to affect arterio venous shunt flow to a lesser extent since DAPA did not increase significantly. Videophotometric capillaroscopy is a suitable method for studying the effects of pharmacological compounds on nutritional circulation in human skin. PMID- 6539188 TI - Methodological variation in systolic time intervals. AB - Systolic time intervals (STI) were recorded six times in 12 male students. All 72 recordings were measured twice by a physician and once by two nurses. By comparing these measurements an intra- and interobserver (= methodological) variation was obtained. For measured parameters (QS2- interval and LVET) variation was less than 2%. For calculated parameters the variation was larger, but did not reach the level of statistical significance. Methodological variation was smaller than physiologic variation. The internal consistency was almost perfect for measured parameters and only slightly worse for calculated parameters. PMID- 6539189 TI - Is there a change in relative muscle fibre composition with age? AB - Muscle biopsy was taken from the vastus lateralis muscle during surgery of recent fractures of the neck of the femur in 52 patients aged 66-100 years. The percentage of slow twitch (ST) fibres was close to 55% with no significant change with age and no difference between patients with and without clinical diagnoses prior to the fracture. Also subgrouping of fast twitch (FT) fibres showed insignificant changes in this age range. Muscle fibre areas were smaller for FT than for ST fibres. A comparison between proximal and distal sampling site in the muscle did not show any significant difference. Combining these results and previous results from our laboratories no change in relative fibre composition with age could be proven. PMID- 6539190 TI - Left ventricular diastolic relaxation and pressure-diameter relations during ischaemic left ventricular failure in the dog. AB - The significance of severe ischaemic left ventricular (LV) failure on the LV isovolumic relaxation process and diastolic chamber stiffness has been investigated in nine open-chest pentobarbital-anaesthetized dogs. LV failure was induced by bolus injections of 50 micron microspheres into left coronary vascular bed until LV minor axis diameter had increased about 25% and end-diastolic pressure about 20 mmHg. Such ischaemic LV failure did not shift the relation between diastolic LV pressure and minor axis diameter compared with pressure diameter curves obtained before induction of failure. Neither inotropic nor chronotropic stimulation evoked such shifts. Assuming exponential pressure decline, LV relaxation was significantly slower during failure, but proceeded in all experimental conditions at rates which indicated complete relaxation in late diastole. Analysis of the pressure decline during LV relaxation demonstrated that this process proceeded faster than assumed by an exponential function both before and during LV failure. PMID- 6539191 TI - Physicians and the hospital: an expanded managerial role expected with diagnosis related group based hospital reimbursement. PMID- 6539192 TI - Prospective payment. Part lll. PMID- 6539193 TI - Possibilities of two-dimensional echocardiography in cardiomyopathies. AB - Findings in 20 patients with congestive, in 14 with hypertrophic and in one with restrictive cardiomyopathy are described. In congestive cardiomyopathy, there predominated left ventricular dilatation and diffuse hypokinesis with decreased ejection fraction. The main criteria are reported for differentiating it from advanced diffuse ischaemic heart disease. More detailed characterization is presented of the type of asymmetric septal hypertrophy and of the systolic anterior motion of the mitral apparatus and the possible causes of this finding are discussed. In a patient with restrictive cardiomyopathy there predominated a symmetric thickening of the left ventricle, with diffusely decreased kinetics and increased density of all structures. PMID- 6539194 TI - Genetic effects on various measures of ethanol dependence in mice: a diallel analysis. AB - A complete 5 X 5 diallel cross was performed using mice from 5 highly inbred strains. Five hundred and fifty-five offspring were fed ethanol in a liquid diet for 9 days, then tested during a withdrawal period using a battery of tests designed to measure physical dependence on ethanol ( McClearn et al., Sub. Alcohol Use/Abuse, 3 (1982) 135; Allen et al., Alcohol Clin. Exp. Res., 7 (1983) 443). The analyses were done separately for each sex. The results show significant, but low genetic effects for most of the measures and no maternal effects for any measure. There was also evidence for a sex-by-genotype interaction that was not due to sex-linkage, i.e., the same autosomal genes are acting differently in the two sexes during withdrawal from ethanol. Males tended to exhibit more genetic influence than females for most of the traits measured. The results are discussed in terms of the use of these measures for creating genetically defined models of physical dependence on ethanol. PMID- 6539195 TI - (+)-Amphetamine oral 'drug taking behavior' in naive and tolerant rats. AB - The drinking behavior of naive rats changes predictably in a free choice experiment involving water vs. 0.02%, 0.01% and 0.003% (+)-amphetamine solutions: The higher the concentration of the amphetamine solution, the sooner a number of rats quit drinking it, and the less is ingested by those still drinking it. Physically dependent rats having undergone three withdrawals immediately reject (+)-amphetamine solution in a free choice test with water available. The avoidance of withdrawal symptoms does not motivate further self-administration. Therefore, (+)-amphetamine self-administered in drinking water is neither a reinforcer for naive nor for physically dependent rats in sustaining drug taking behavior. In acute and chronic experiments, the transition from increased motor activity to stereotypical behavior could be demonstrated and evidence was produced that tolerance develops to the (+)-amphetamine-induced increase in motor activity. PMID- 6539196 TI - The effects of chlorpromazine, mianserin and Org GC94 on reproductive function in the rat. AB - In the assessment of drug safety with respect to mammalian reproductive function chlorpromazine and two serotonin antagonists, mianserin (Org GB94 ) and Org GC94 were studied for their effects on ovulation and ovum transport. In addition, the effect of coitus on drug-induced ovulation inhibition was investigated. The compounds were intragastrically administered to Charles River CD rats in a single dose or in consecutive daily doses for one or two weeks. The incidence of ovulation and the number of eggs were recorded. The compounds blocked ovulation in pro-oestrous rats after a single dose. Ovulation was restored by coitus in drug-treated animals. The compounds appeared to become less effective in blocking ovulation after multiple dosing. No effects on ovum transport were detected. From the results obtained in this study, it is concluded that the CNS-active drugs investigated did not adversely affect reproductive function in the rat. PMID- 6539197 TI - Relative binding affinity of anabolic-androgenic steroids: comparison of the binding to the androgen receptors in skeletal muscle and in prostate, as well as to sex hormone-binding globulin. AB - It is unclear whether anabolic steroids act on skeletal muscle via the androgen receptor (AR) in this tissue, or whether there is a separate anabolic receptor. When several anabolic steroids were tested as competitors for the binding of [3H]methyltrienolone (MT; 17 beta-hydroxy-17 alpha-methyl-4,9,11-estratrien-3 one) to the AR in rat and rabbit skeletal muscle and rat prostate, respectively, MT itself was the most efficient competitor. 1 alpha-Methyl-5 alpha dihydrotestosterone (1 alpha-methyl-DHT; mesterolone) bound most avidly to sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) [relative binding affinity (RBA) about 4 times that of DHT]. Some anabolic-androgenic steroids bound strongly to the AR in skeletal muscle and prostate [ RBAs relative to that of MT: MT greater than 19 nortestosterone ( NorT ; nandrolone) greater than methenolone (17 beta-hydroxy-1 methyl-5 alpha-androst-1-en-3-one) greater than testosterone (T) greater than 1 alpha-methyl-DHT]. In other cases, AR binding was weak (RBA values less than 0.05): stanozolol (17 alpha-methyl-5 alpha- androstano [3,2-c]pyrazol-17 beta ol), methanedienone (17 beta-hydroxy-17 alpha-methyl-1,4-androstadien-3-one), and fluoxymesterolone (9 alpha-fluoro-11 beta-hydroxy-17 alpha-methyl-T). Other compounds had RBAs too low to be determined (e.g. oxymetholone (17 beta-hydroxy-2 hydroxymethylene-17 alpha-methyl-5 alpha-androstan-3-one) and ethylestrenol (17 alpha-ethyl-4- estren -17 beta-ol). The competition pattern was similar in muscle and prostate, except for a higher RBA of DHT in the prostate. The low RBA of DHT in muscle was probably due to the previously reported rapid reduction of its 3 keto function to metabolites, which did not bind to the AR [5 alpha-androstane-3 alpha, 17 beta-diol and its 3 beta-isomer (3 alpha- and 3 beta-adiol, respectively)]. Some anabolic-androgenic steroids (only a few synthetic) bound to SHBG (1 alpha-methyl-DHT much greater than DHT greater than T greater than 3 beta adiol greater than 3 alpha-adiol = 17 alpha-methyl-T greater than methenolone greater than methanedienone greater than stanozolol). The ratio of the RBA in rat muscle to that in the prostate (an estimate of the myotrophic potency of the compounds) was close to unity, varying only between about 0.4 and 1.7 in most cases.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6539198 TI - The epididymis contributes minimally to serum androgen-binding protein in the rat: a whole body kinetic study. AB - The half-times, MCRs, and secretion rates of androgen-binding protein (rABP) were determined in male rats under a variety of conditions. After orchiectomy, the disappearance of endogenous immunoassayable rABP from serum was described by a single exponential term with half-lives of 21 +/- 0.2 and 20 +/- 0.8 h at 25 and 90 days, respectively. The MCR (milliliters per g/day) was not affected by age or hormonal status of the animals. The secretion rate of rABP into the blood was higher in the immature animals than in adults. The decrease in serum rABP concentrations after 20-25 days of age was due to a decrease in the rate of secretion into blood rather than an increase in MCR, a finding consistent with the observation that after formation of the blood-testis barrier, most of the rABP is secreted into the seminiferous tubular lumen. The disappearance curve after injection of purified epididymal rABP was best described by two exponential terms. The first component disappeared very rapidly and the second more slowly, with a half-time corresponding to that of endogenous rABP. The MCR calculated from the latter component was the same as that for endogenous rABP. Having established the kinetic parameters for rABP in serum, a series of experiments was conducted to determine whether it was possible for the epididymis to release this protein into the blood. The apparent half-time of rABP measured in rats in which the testes had been removed and the epididymides left intact was found to be 65 +/- 3 to 70 +/- 5 h in three separate experiments. This increase over the actual half-life of rABP (20 h) was due to the release of rABP from the epididymis into the blood. A similar experiment was performed in an identical group of animals (testes removed, epididymides intact) that had been treated with testosterone via Silastic implants. In these animals the apparent half-time (24 +/- 4 to 28 +/- 2 h; three experiments) closely approximated the actual half-life (20 h). These findings indicate that androgens retarded degeneration of the epididymides, thus minimizing their release of rABP into blood. Our experimental findings suggest the following conclusions. The dramatic rise and subsequent decline of serum rABP concentrations that occur before puberty are due to changes in the secretion rate rather than in the MCR, which is unaffected by age or hormonal states.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6539199 TI - Hypsarrhythmia: variations on the theme. AB - Prolonged monitoring studies of patients with infantile spasms have shown that hypsarrhythmia is a highly variable and dynamic electroencephalographic pattern. Variations of the prototypic pattern (modified hypsarrhythmia) include hypsarrhythmia with increased interhemispheric synchronization, asymmetrical hypsarrhythmia, hypsarrhythmia with a consistent focus of abnormal discharge, hypsarrhythmia with episodes of attenuation, and hypsarrhythmia comprising primarily high-voltage slow activity with little sharp-wave or spike activity. Marked changes in the hypsarrhythmic pattern usually occur during sleep, chiefly during rapid eye movement sleep, when there is a marked reduction in, or total disappearance of, the hypsarrhythmic pattern. Relative normalization of the hypsarrhythmic pattern can also be seen immediately on arousal and during clusters of infantile spasms. Thus, the specific EEG features seen in a given patient depend on multiple factors, including the duration of the EEG recording, the clinical state of the patient, and the presence of various structural abnormalities of the brain. PMID- 6539200 TI - Metallothionein--a unique protein with multiple detoxifying properties? AB - Metallothioneins (MT) are a group of proteins of very peculiar structure, in that 15-20 of its amino acid residues are cysteinyl. We have studied possible functions of the SH-rich MT as a detoxifying molecule by using human and murine cell lines with high amounts of Cd-induced MT. Such cells show radioresistance, they are resistant to Cd, cisplatinum, chlorambucil and gold, and the MT binds these substances firmly. The clinical relevance may be twofold. Firstly, MT may confer resistance to useful drugs such as alkylating agents. Secondly, MT may be a resistance factor to harmful effects of xenobiotics. PMID- 6539202 TI - Oral (E)-5-(2-bromovinyl)-2'-deoxyuridine treatment of severe herpes zoster in cancer patients. AB - BVDU [(E)-5-(2-bromovinyl)-2'-deoxyuridine] is a highly potent and selective anti herpes drug. It is particularly active against Varicella zoster virus, as demonstrated in cell culture and animals (monkeys). BVDU has been administered orally, at a dose of 7.5 mg/kg/day for 5 days, to 20 patients with severe localised or disseminated Herpes zoster. All patients had a malignant disorder for which they had been given intensive chemo- or radiotherapy. Upon BVDU treatment a rapid cessation of the acute Herpes zoster episode was noted in all but one patient. In the majority of patients progression of the infection was arrested within 1 day of starting treatment. No toxic side-effects could be attributed to the drug at the dosage used. PMID- 6539201 TI - Patient motivation and informed consent in a phase I study of an anticancer agent. AB - In order to evaluate the quality of an informed consent procedure (I.C.P.) 48 patients with advanced cancer were offered participation in a phase I clinical trial and entered an I.C.P. consisting of three separate conversations. In the first session, the possible risks and benefits of a phase I study were informally explained by the patient's personal physician. The second session was attended by the patient, a relative, a registered nurse and a physician; the third session was held at least 5 days after the second. Forty-one patients gave their consent motivated by hope for improvement of their conditions, pressure exerted by relatives and friends, the desire to contribute to the progress of medicine or simply because they felt they had 'no choice'. Encouragement by relatives or friends seems to be a powerful incentive to participate. A period of a few days to consult relatives, friends or trusted physicians as a part of the procedure seems helpful in arriving at a well-considered decision. PMID- 6539203 TI - Acute leukemia following therapy for teratoma. AB - Three cases of acute leukemia are reported following aggressive therapy for inoperable germ cell tumors. Two patients were treated by radiation plus cytotoxic chemotherapy and the third received only drugs. The time between onset of these therapies to death from leukemia was 4, 17 and 61 months. PMID- 6539204 TI - Enhancing effect of polyamines on yield of film sarcoma. AB - The salts of the natural polyamines, protamine sulphate, clupeine sulphate, spermidine phosphate, putrescine dihydrochloride and spermine diphosphate, and of the synthetic poly-L-lysine hydrobromide (mol. wt 85 k) and poly-L-arginine hydrochloride (mol. wt 50 k) were tested for their effect on film sarcoma by application in gel to nitrocellulose filters that were implanted in groups of 20 45 BALB/c mice. Five experiments were carried out using filters of decreasing pore size and increasing carcinogenicity. Control groups had filters treated with saline. The tumours that arose were fibrosarcomas, some with vascular elements. Tumour yield was expressed as the number of mouse-weeks of exposure within each group divided by the number of tumours arising. The yield was up to three times higher in the test groups, spermidine and poly-L-arginine being weakest and not reaching significance. The substances may act by producing a basic pH in the environment, by an effect on nucleic acid, by facilitating a virus or by stimulating production of a natural mitogen. PMID- 6539205 TI - Effect of cytochalasin B on growth, Multinucleation and human chorionic gonadotropin secretion in a human choriocarcinoma cell line. AB - Treatment of human choriocarcinoma cells with cytochalasin B at the doses of inhibiting cell division but not inhibiting nuclear division led to in vitro formation of the multinucleated syncytiotrophoblast-like ( STL ) cells. A concomitant increase in human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) secretion per cell was noted. Immunocytochemical staining demonstrated the predominant localization of hCG in the STL cells. These results indicate that multinucleation stimulates hCG synthesis and secretion in the choriocarcinoma cells. PMID- 6539206 TI - Destruction of implanted gastric tumors in rats by acridine orange photoactivation with an argon laser. AB - The phototoxicity of acridine orange and argon laser irradiation on Walker carcinosarcoma 256 stomach tumors was studied. Wistar strain rats bearing stomach tumors 4-6 mm in diameter 5-10 days after their implantation were injected intraperitoneally with 40 mg/kg of acridine orange 2 hr before irradiation. Then the forestomach was opened and the tumors were exposed to the argon laser at 488 nm at an intensity of 15 mW/cm2 for 20 min. Tumors in rats treated with acridine orange were brightly fluorescent during irradiation. No marked temperature rise was detected during irradiation. Argon irradiation significantly prolonged the survival of rats treated with acridine orange. Histologically, complete or partial tumor necrosis was observed, with sparing of surrounding mucosa, in rats treated by the combination therapy. Phase-contrast and electron microscopy showed that cytotoxicity was mediated by changes in the cell, nuclear and lysosomal membranes. Neither the dye nor laser alone had any effect. PMID- 6539207 TI - Variations in the levels of IgG1 and IgG2 subclasses in the sera of normal, immunized and tumor-bearing hamsters. AB - The concentration of IgG1 and IgG2 subclasses in the sera of hamsters bearing tumors of different origins were compared to that of normal serum and to that of sera of animals rendered resistant to tumor take by immunization with viable SV40 transformed cells. In the sera of hamsters bearing tumors induced by virus transformed cells an augmentation of IgG2 and a diminution of IgG1 was observed during the development of the tumor compared to sera of normal hamsters. In the sera of animals bearing tumors induced by methylcholanthrene ( MCH2 ) or by spontaneously transformed cells ( EHB ) the level of IgG2 was almost normal but IgG1 was barely detectable, especially in MCH2 tumors. On the other hand, the sera of animals immunized with virus-transformed cells showed a slight increase in both IgGs, but only that of IgG2 was significant. Antibody activity was tested in the sera as well as in the IgG1 and IgG2 fractions of the sera of hamsters immunized or bearing tumors induced by SV40 transformed cells. Both sera and the subclasses showed antibody activity, the activity being more pronounced in the IgG2 fraction than in the IgG1 fraction. PMID- 6539208 TI - Relationship between intercellular communication and radiosensitivity of human tumor xenografts. AB - Micro-electrode techniques permit the detection of electrical coupling between adjacent cells if they are connected by intercellular junctions (gap junctions). This technique was applied to four human tumors xenografted onto nude mice. In three of the tumors, which showed a 'contact resistance' after irradiation in vivo, electrical coupling could be established. No coupling was found in the other tumor, which did not exhibit contact resistance. These results are similar to those obtained recently with cultured spheroids of mammalian cell lines in which only the electrically coupled cell types developed contact resistance to ionizing radiation. PMID- 6539209 TI - Presence of fibroblast-transforming genes in normal DNA of several mouse and rat strains. AB - Cellular DNA of the inbred mouse strains BALB/c, C3Hf, C57BL, CBA, DBAf , GRS and ND2 and the inbred rat strains BN, SD and WAG was shown to oncogenically transform murine fibroblasts of the continuous cell line BALB/3T3. Subcutaneous inoculation of transformed cells into BALB/c mice led to the rapid development of sarcomas. For transformation the DNA had to be fragmented to a size smaller than 23 kilobase pairs (kbp), with a lower limit of 6.5 kbp. No transforming virus could be rescued from the transformed lines by infection with a murine leukemia virus. PMID- 6539211 TI - Influence of thyroxine and its precursors on in vitro lysis of tadpole tail. AB - Exposure of Rana arvalis tail tips to thyroxine and its precursors in vitro stimulated the tail regression. The effect of thyroxine and triiodothyronine was more intense. However, diiodo- and monoiodotyrosine also could significantly stimulate the tail lysis. PMID- 6539210 TI - Possible role played by monoamines in the control of puberty onset in female rats. AB - The effect of pargyline on 5 HT concentration in a combined forebrain and midbrain section ( FMB ) have been investigated in female rats which were temporarily deprived from their dams in postnatal life and daily injected with the monoamine oxidase inhibitor. Two hours after the last pargyline injection a marked increase in 5 HT concentration could be observed both in 12 and 30 days old rats. The question is raised whether 5 HT may be involved in neuroendocrine mechanisms which are responsible for controlling the onset of puberty, since a significant advance of puberty could be achieved by this pargyline treatment in normal and deprived female rats. PMID- 6539212 TI - Corticosterone and prolactin responses to repeated handling and transfer of male rats. AB - The changes of plasma corticosterone and prolactin levels have been studied in rats after single, repeated or cross exposition to the moderate stressors: handling and transfer. The diminution of corticosterone and prolactin response has been found after repeated handling, but not after repeated transfer. The corticosterone level was significantly elevated in both cross-transfer and cross handling groups and plasma prolactin level was significantly higher in the cross handling animals. Both hormones manifested a parallel reaction to stress, prolactin being more difficult to obtain diminution of the reaction, corticosterone being more adaptable to repeated stress. It is concluded that the cross-adaptation between used stressful stimuli apparently could not be demonstrated, but, in contrast, the organism adapted to one stimulus possesses a greater corticosterone and prolactin reaction when being exposed to the new stimuli. PMID- 6539213 TI - Serotonin and tryptophan hydroxylase in isolated hypothalamic and brain stem nuclei of rats exposed to acute and repeated immobilization stress. AB - The effect of acute and repeated immobilization stress on serotonin concentration and tryptophan hydroxylase activity in some isolated hypothalamic and brain stem nuclei was measured using a special microdissection technique and sensitive isotopic-enzymatic microassays. In acutely immobilized rats serotonin concentration was increased in the median eminence, ventromedial and dorsomedial nuclei. In repeatedly immobilized rats increased serotonin concentration was recorded in the dorsomedial nucleus immediately after seven, and in the median eminence after forty consecutive daily exposures to immobilization. Decreased tryptophan hydroxylase activity was found in the suprachiasmatic nucleus after seven exposures to immobilization stress. Acute and repeated immobilization stress failed to produce any changes of serotonin concentration in the isolated brain stem nuclei studied, and of tryptophan hydroxylase activity in the dorsal raphe nucleus and n. centralis superior. The increased tryptophan hydroxylase activity observed without any changes in serotonin concentration in the locus coeruleus after the 7th immobilization may suggest an increased synthesis and release rate of serotonin in serotonergic nerve terminals in this area. The changes of serotonin concentration in some hypothalamic nuclei under the first exposure of rats to stress indicate the involvement of serotonin in the activation of the pituitary-adrenocortical system as well as in other neuroendocrine reactions initiated in the hypothalamus during acute stress. On the basis of the results presented, the presumed role of the serotonergic system in the regulation of pituitary-adrenocortical stress response in repeatedly stressed rats has not been established. The reported response of brain tryptophan hydroxylase to the release of endogenous corticosterone could not be confirmed in our experiments. PMID- 6539214 TI - Evaluation of plasma iodothyronines in various stages of pregnancy. AB - Evaluation of thyroid status during the whole normal pregnancy was carried out by measuring serum total thyroxine (TT4), total 3,5,3' triiodothyronine (TT3), T3 resin uptake (T3(U)), 3,3',5' triiodothyronine (rT3), free thyroxine index (FTI), free thyroxine (FT4) and thyrotrophin (TSH) in 70 serum samples from 42 pregnant women being in a variable period from the 6th to the 40th week of pregnancy and in 14 serum samples from 14 non pregnant healthy women. The serum samples were divided in 7 groups, according to the gestational age of the subjects. Every group was formed by 10 samples collected within the same five weeks period. The levels of TT4, TT3, T3 (U) and rT3 were found significantly elevated during pregnancy, above the levels of the control group (p less than 0.01); the increase is very early. FTI remained in the range of normal non pregnant subjects without any significant change in all groups studied. FT4 concentration showed a progressive downward trend with gestational age. This fall became significant in the second group (11th to 15th weeks), when compared to the levels of non pregnant women (p less than 0.01) TSH mean values remained in the normal range within the three trimesters, though they showed some fluctuations. PMID- 6539215 TI - Spontaneous partial empty sella. A study of 41 cases. AB - 53 cases of partial empty sella turcica have been studied, both clinically and radiologically. Excluding 12 with an incomplete endocrine study, 41 remain of which 31 cases (75.6%) were found to have an adenohypophyseal hyperfunction of the hyperplasia (primary hypothyroidism, etc.) or adenoma type (acromegaly, etc.); 4 (9.7%) had a clear neurological cause (head trauma, thrombosis in the venous sinus, hydrocephalus) and only 6 (14.6%) were of unknown, primary or idiopathic cause. The published cases of "primary" partial empty sella have been revised, proposing: the substitution of the term "primary" for "spontaneous", since as we have already pointed out, the majority of the "spontaneous" cases are attributable to pituitary hyperfunction and a few of them to neurological or neurosurgical processes. Finally, we should like to emphasize the importance of empty sella in the prognosis and treatment of those patients whose most exact diagnostic terminology would be, for example, hypothyroidism "with" partial empty sella turcica, or, as another example, prolactinoma "with" empty sella. PMID- 6539216 TI - Low-dosed antithyroid drug monotherapy in hyperthyroidism. AB - In the antithyroid drug therapy, an initial treatment with low doses (10-15 mg) of methimazole (MMI) leads to satisfactory improvement in nearly all cases and even 5 mg MMI are sufficient in more than 50% of all patients. Additional intake of thyroid hormones (Th) is not necessary, if the MMI-dosage is reduced accordingly to the individual course of treatment. Consequent follow -up is to recommend anyway, particularly under the higher MMI-doses and in the first time, respectively. Consecutive measurement of total T-3 helps in assessment of euthyroidism under treatment, whereas the response to MMI is indicated more correct by total T-4. Serial determinations of serum-TSH are very helpful to decide about the cessation of treatment. If any goitre growth occurs, it seems not to be TSH-mediated in every case. Skin reactions as side-effect of high MMI doses can be prevented by use of low doses. PMID- 6539217 TI - Sugar constituents of the seromucoid in insulin-dependent diabetes. AB - Seromucoid glycoproteins reveal different carbohydrate composition in diabetic patients as compared with normal subjects. An increased glucose content is the most characteristic feature of seromucoid found in diabetic patients. The amounts of proteins, neutral sugars, amino-sugars and sialic acids in seromucoid correlate with diabetic microangiopathy. PMID- 6539218 TI - Epidemiologic data on excess mortality and life expectancy in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus--critical review. AB - Generalizations of prognosis with regard to insulin-dependent diabetes (IDDM) in epidemiological statistics are impaired not only by great intraindividual variations, but also due to methodical difficulties. Due to recent prognostic studies IDDM, particular in young age, must be considered as a rather serious disease with a 5 to 10 fold higher excess mortality in comparison with the general population. There are only few exact data about the extent of life shortening. Age of onset represents the most significant factor in life shortening. The younger the patient is at the age of onset the shorter he lives. From about 70 years onward diabetes has little or no effect on longevity. Whether the prognosis of IDDM has improved within the last decades remains uncertain. Long-term studies clearly indicate that IDDM is compatible also with a long life in a good health. Why many diabetics develop life shortening complications and why some patients do not cannot be answered with conclusive evidence. PMID- 6539219 TI - Reflectometric blood glucose determination in the neonatological intensive care: haematocrit dependence. AB - The dependence upon haematocrit of the readings of different methods of reflectometric blood glucose determination ( Eyetone /Dextrostix: Reflomat / Reflotest Hypoglycaemie , Reflomat / Reflotest Glucose, Glucometer /Dextrostix) was studied in blood samples adjusted to haematocrit values between 0.47 and 0.90. In general the reflectometric methods measure lower blood glucose concentration if the haematocrit value is enhanced. There is a clear-cut correlation between the rise in haematocrit and the decrease in blood glucose reading. The critical haematocrit level to reach this effect in the Eyetone and Glucometer is 0.60, and in the Reflomat it is 0.80. PMID- 6539220 TI - Prevalence of islet cell antibodies (ICA) and islet cell surface antibodies (ICSA) in children and adolescents with antecedent mumps infection). AB - There is good evidence that viruses may play a role in some animal models of diabetes. Since mumps virus seems to be the most likely candidate, we studied the possible relationship of islet cell antibodies, islet cell surface antibodies and glucose tolerance in 86 children and adolescents in whom mumps infection had occurred 14 months previously. Impaired glucose tolerance was diagnosed in 3.5% (n = 3) but symptomatic diabetes did not appear. No relationship existed between complications of antecedent mumps infection (pancreatitis, orchitis, meningitis) and glucose tolerance. The prevalence of ICA and ICSA was 78% and 36%, respectively. The simultaneous prevalence of ICA and ICSA was 33%. The pathogenetic role of mumps infection and ICA/ ICSA and their possible relation to slow progressive beta cell destruction remains to be elucidated. PMID- 6539221 TI - Non-specific cellular immunity in type I and type II diabetes. AB - Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) against human erythrocytes was investigated in 39 type I and 63 type II diabetic patients in comparison to 177 healthy blood donors. The cytotoxic capacity of lymphocytes from diabetics was significantly increased. The highest values were measured in insulin-treated type II diabetics (after secondary failure of a previous sulfonylurea therapy).--It is suggested that in certain cases of type II diabetes an increased unspecific K cell-and/or antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity plays a pathogenetic role in the development of the disease. The latter might possibly be directed against insulin receptors. PMID- 6539222 TI - Is there a relationship between genetically determined haptoglobin phenotype and insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM)? AB - The possible relationship between genetically determined haptoglobin phenotype and insulin-dependent diabetes (IDDM), circulating insulin antibodies and the occurrence of microangiopathy was studied in 144 IDDM. There were no differences regarding the distribution of Hp-phenotypes in 144 patients in comparison with a control population (n = 1726). Irrespective of the Hp-phenotype, the degree and severity of diabetic complications (retinopathy and/or nephropathy) significantly increased with the duration of diabetes. There was no relationship between Hp phenotype and diabetic microangiopathy (retinopathy, nephropathy). No association existed between Hp-phenotype and the percentage of insulin antibody binding. Regardless of the Hp-phenotype, the insulin antibody concentration decreased with increasing duration of diabetes. Insulin binding parameters (maximum binding capacity and equilibrium dissociation constant) were found to vary considerably with the Hp-phenotypes among IDDM. For a given duration of diabetes the equilibrium dissociation constant increased significantly in the range from Hp 1 1, Hp 2-1 to Hp 2-2 phenotype. There was a direct relationship between the logarithm of the equilibrium dissociation constant and the degree of metabolic control, i.e. the lower the dissociation constant the better the metabolic balance. In conclusion, the results do not provide support for a putative relationship between Hp-phenotype and IDDM. However, differences between insulin binding parameters, in dependence on the Hp-phenotype may be of clinical importance. PMID- 6539223 TI - The fate of chloroplast DNA during cell fusion, zygote maturation and zygote germination in Chlamydomonas reinhardi as revealed by DAPI staining. AB - Chlamydomonas reinhardi, a haploid isogamous green alga, presents a classic case of uniparental inheritance of chloroplast genes. Since the molecular basis of this phenomenon is poorly understood, an examination of the cytology of the C. reinhardi plastid DNA was made in gametes, newly formed zygotes, maturing zygotes, and at zygote germination. The single plastid per cell of Chlamydomonas contains a small number of DNA aggregates ('nucleoids') which can be seen after staining with DNA-binding fluorochromes. In zygotes formed by pre-stained gametes, the fluorescing nucleoids disappear from the plastid of mating type minus (male) gamete plastids but not from the plastid of mating type plus (female) gamete plastids about 1 h after zygote formation. Subsequently, nucleoids aggregate slowly to a final average of two or three in the single plastid of the mature zygote. Quantitative microspectrofluorimetry indicates that gametes of both mating types have equal amounts of plastid DNA, and that zoospores arising from zygotes have 3.5 X as much as gametes. Assuming degradation of male plastid DNA, there must be a very major synthesis of plastid DNA between zygote formation and zoospore release when zygotes produce the typical 8-16 zoospores. That synthesis appears to occur at germination, where there is a massive increase in plastid DNA and nucleoid number beginning just prior to meiosis. The results support the theory that uniparental inheritance results from degradation of plastid DNA entering the zygote via the male gamete and suggest further studies, using mutants and altered conditions, which might explain how male plastid DNA sometimes survives. PMID- 6539224 TI - Dextromethorphan and codeine: comparison of plasma kinetics and antitussive effects. AB - Plasma kinetics of dextromethorphan (as dextrorphan ) and codeine were investigated after acute oral doses in 8 patients with pathological cough; after which the patients participated in an acute dose-response study of the antitussive effects of each drug administered as syrups. Maximum plasma codeine concentrations averaged 384 ng.ml-1 (s.d. +/- 78.3) occurring between 0.75 and 2h after ingestion of 60 mg codeine phosphate; in comparison mean peak plasma dextrorphan levels were 386 ng.ml-1 (s.d. +/- 107.2) and 388 ng.ml-1 (s.d. +/- 101.3) respectively, after administration of 60 mg dextromethorphan syrup and tablet formulations. Bioavailability of dextromethorphan tablets was comparable to syrup. No correlation emerged between instantaneous plasma concentrations of either dextrorphan or codeine and antitussive responses; however, peak antitussive effect was significantly related to log dose with both drugs. Antitussive effects of 30 mg codeine phosphate and 60 mg dextromethorphan hydrobromide did not differ significantly; both were superior to 30 mg dextromethorphan hydrobromide and placebo. PMID- 6539226 TI - Role of the basal ganglia in a chemically induced dyskinesia in rat. AB - A complex syndrome consisting of locomotor hyperactivity and a cervical choreoathetoid dyskinesia was produced in rats after 7 to 10 days administration of 3-3 -iminodipropionitrile. Attenuation of motor abnormalities after lesions of the basal ganglia (BG) but not cortical lesions suggests the importance of descending BG influences in this syndrome. Responses of this syndrome to pharmacologic manipulations further argues for BG involvement. This syndrome may be a possible animal model of human hyperkinetic basal ganglia disorders. PMID- 6539225 TI - Day-night differences in estimated rates of 5-hydroxytryptamine turnover in the rat pineal gland. AB - Rates of 5-hydroxytryptamine synthesis in various brain tissues can be estimated from the linear increase in 5-hydroxytryptophan levels following inhibition of 5 hydroxytryptophan decarboxylation with RO4-4602 or NSD-1015. In addition, NSD 1015 can prevent 5-hydroxytryptamine oxidative-deamination via monoamine oxidase inhibition, leading to linear decreases in a major metabolite of this amine, 5 hydroxyindole acetic acid. In the rat pineal gland we demonstrated similar increases in 5-hydroxytryptophan levels after nocturnal or diurnal injection of RO4-4602 (100 mg X kg-1) or NSD-1015 (200 mg X kg-1). Similar decreases in 5 hydroxyindole acetic acid were also observed after nocturnal or diurnal injection of NSD-1015 or pargyline (an inhibitor of monoamine oxidase) (75 mg X kg-1). 5 Hydroxytryptamine levels increased after nocturnal pargyline injection but remained constant after diurnal pargyline administration. 5-Hydroxytryptamine levels exhibited little change following nocturnal injection of NSD-1015 but decreased linearly after diurnal injection of NSD-1015. We suggest that (1) rat pineal 5-hydroxytryptamine synthesis is increased nocturnally, (2) metabolic utilization, primarily by oxidative-deamination, of 5-hydroxytryptamine is increased diurnally and (3) basal levels of pineal 5-hydroxytryptamine may be stored within adrenergic nerve endings which innervate the pinealocytes responsible for synthesizing this amine, thus "protecting" or otherwise making unavailable this pool of 5-hydroxytryptamine for metabolic utilization. PMID- 6539227 TI - Vasoconstriction of the vasa afferentia in the rat kidney after long-term adrenaline application. AB - Adrenaline applied in the form of a retard tablet was implanted subcutaneously under short ether anesthesia under the neck skin of rats. Animals in the V 15 group received one 15 mg adrenaline tablet and those in the V 30 group two 15 mg tablets. The tablets were removed after 24 h. Twenty-two h later plasma catecholamines with the exception of dopamine are elevated in accordance with the amount of adrenaline applied. Histological examination reveals hyalinization of the vasa afferentia and glomerula which is more expressed in the inner part of the renal cortex. Hyalinization begins in the vas afferents and juxtaglomerular cells and extends to the glomerulus. Electron microscopic examination of the vas afferents shows vasoconstriction and beginning cellular degeneration of this vessel. Vasoconstriction is considered to be responsible for the decrease in kidney function. PMID- 6539228 TI - Activation of acetylcholine esterase (ACHE) as a sign for erythrocyte membrane alteration. AB - In vitro activity determination of membrane bound acetylcholine esterase (ACHE) of intact erythrocytes and differently altered RBC forms by means of the ELLMAN method yielded increase in activity in erythrocyte/vesicle mixtures and ghosts. Alteration of the cells by treatment with periodate, neuraminidase and trypsin leads to no, weak or clear decrease in the activity of this enzyme. Old cells also show a clear decrease in activity. When cells were treated with diamide ACHE is at first functionally inhibited, finally, however, it reaches supernormal values of activity. Possible causes for the different behaviour of ACHE in dependence on the degree of alteration of the erythrocytes are discussed. The results of the measurements were compared with the ultrahistochemical ACHE reactions according to KARNOVSKY (thiocholine--copper ferricyanide method) and IWAYAMA (lead thiocholine method). The influence of several components of the KARNOVSKY'S histochemical reaction mixture on ACHE activity was tested. The investigations suggest that disintegration of the erythrocyte membrane is accompanied with activation of the ACHE molecules which are nearly inactive in the intact membrane. This activation contributes to the positive histochemical ACHE test, which is an indicator reaction of membrane disintegration. Nearly intact membranes show a negative reaction. On the basis of these results we could show that physiological enucleation of normoblasts is connected with the formation of disintegrated membrane areas and their discharge from the future reticulocyte membrane. PMID- 6539229 TI - Studies on the fatty acid synthesis of the perfused cirrhotic liver. AB - The fatty acid synthesis rate (using 3H2O incorporation experiments) and bile composition were studied in thioacetamide induced cirrhotic rat livers. The results show that the fatty acid synthesis rate of cirrhotic livers expressed as mumoles newly synthesized fatty acids per g liver is smaller than that of controls. Transient changes were observed in the incorporation pattern of newly synthesized fatty acids into individual lipid classes between cirrhotic and control livers. The output of bile acids is significantly decreased in cirrhotic livers. PMID- 6539230 TI - Adhesion, spreading and growth of animal cells on the surface of glass ceramic Ap40--a contribution to the cell compatibility of dental permanent hard tissue implants. AB - Cells of different cell lines on the surface of glass ceramic Ap40 responded in the manner of reversible vacuolization in the cytoplasm. Whereas the eluate of bulk glass ceramic did not produce toxic effect on cell populations in vitro, the eluate of pulverized glass ceramic Ap40 caused a toxic reaction, the effect being dependent on concentration and incubation time. Although cell attachment, spreading and proliferation of fibroblast-like and epithel-like cells on glass ceramic surfaces are delayed when compared to glass and polystyrene the cells are adhering to a confluent monolayer. PMID- 6539231 TI - The effect of cigarette smoke exposure in European hamsters. AB - The effects of 2 types of research cigarettes, differing in their total smoke delivery and condensate were examined. Two groups of European hamsters were exposed in a smoking chamber to the cigarette smoke of both types of cigarettes for 130 weeks. Exposure related alterations were found in the respiratory tract and forestomach. However, smoke exposure over this period had no effect on mortality and led to no neoplastic response. PMID- 6539232 TI - Experimental pancreatitis in the rat. Ductal factors in sodium taurocholate induced acute pancreatitis. AB - Spreading of injected material and ductal resistance were studied in the rat pancreas after intraductal injection of Indian ink, human serum or sodium taurocholate. Indian ink filled the main pancreatic duct and small ductules revealing the lobular structure in macroscopic preparation. Escape into the interstitium was observed both in the macroscopic preparations and in histologic sections. Human IgG was demonstrated immunohistochemically in single acinar cells and around acinar cells after intraductal injection of human serum. The changes were most pronounced at 15 min and at 6 h after the injection but were almost resolved at 24 h. The intraductal pressure was registered during sodium taurocholate infusion. The pancreatic duct ruptured at the pressure of 82 mm Hg in average. It was concluded that in the ductal model of experimental acute pancreatitis the infusion causes ruptures in pancreatic ducts and the infusate escapes into the interstitium where it remains for several hours. PMID- 6539233 TI - Effect of experimental infarct on the mortality rate in alloxan-diabetic rats. AB - The authors report the wide mortality observed in alloxan diabetic rats infarcted with large doses of isoproterenol. The experimental data are in line with the results of clinical studies testifying that the diabetic disease involves the cardiovascular system and affects the prognosis of myocardial infarct. These experiences do not permit to define the direct mechanism(s) responsible for the high mortality in diabetic infarcted rats over controls (diabetic not infarcted); however these results give rise to a discussion on the following topics: 1. The damage of intramural coronary vessels as a cause of depressed cardiac contractility in diabetic rats. 2. The role of reduced plasmatic levels of insulin in depressing myocardial performance in alloxan diabetic rats. 3. The hyperglycaemia-provoking effect of isoproterenol as a contributing factor in the death of diabetic rats. 4. The possible direct action of diabetogenic doses of alloxan on the myocardium. PMID- 6539234 TI - Distribution of radiolabelled azelaic cid in eye membranes and fluids of rabbits. AB - A direct cytotoxic effect of azelaic acid on melanocytes of human melanoma has been demonstrated. In view of a possible future therapeutic employment of this drug in the treatment of primary ocular melanoma, we investigated the route of choice of azelaic acid administration in rabbits. Our results evidenced a suden and direct blood absorption of topically (by retrobulbar injection) administered azelaic acid. This is in agreement with the high water solubility of azelaic acid sodium salt. These preliminary reports indicate that the elective route of azelaic administration in primitive eye melanoma is intravenously by continuous infusion. PMID- 6539235 TI - Triacylglycerol secretion and fatty acid synthesis by the liver in acute uremic rats. AB - In bilaterally nephrectomized rats fatty acid synthesis (incorporation of 3H from 3H2O into fatty acids by the liver) and triacylglycerol (TG) secretion by the liver (Triton method) were investigated 24 h after surgery. Starved and fed rats were employed. In uremic rats fatty acid synthesis occurs at a normal rate; prevention of acidosis during uremia by bicarbonate treatment has no influence on lipid synthesis. Following intravenous injections of Triton WR 1339 the TG plasma levels are considerably lower in uremic rats than in corresponding controls. As the plasma volume is significantly higher in uremic animals, there is only an insignificant decrease in the absolute TG secretion rate in these animals. The removal of TG from the blood to the tissues in severely reduced in uremia with acidosis. The normal rates of fatty acid synthesis and nearly normal rates of TG secretion may, therefore, be considered as permissive factors for the development of uremic hypertriglyceridemia. The lesser degree of hypertriglyceridemia in uremia without acidosis is only caused by the better removal of TG from the blood (as could be demonstrated earlier). Fatty acid synthesis and TG secretion do not play any role in this case. PMID- 6539236 TI - Effect of verapamil on reperfusion damage and calcium paradox in isolated rat heart. AB - The effect of verapamil on ischaemic contracture, reperfusion injury after global ischaemia, and calcium paradox was studied in isolated rat heart. The development of ischaemic contracture was measured by a balloon catheter inserted into the left ventricle, filled with water, and connected to a pressure recorder. Myocardial perfusability was tested by infusing sodium fluorescein solution into the cannulated aortic root. Creatine kinase (CK) activity and protein leakage from myocardium into the effluent were measured during reperfusion (30 min) after ischaemia (50 min) and during calcium repletion (30 min) after calcium depletion (5 min). Ischaemic contracture developed later in the verapamil-treated group (31.7 +/- 0.7 min) than in the control group (23.6 +/- 2.2 min). There was less CK (29.16 +/- 3.26 U/g) and protein leakage (4.81 +/- 0.41 mg/g) in the verapamil treated group than in the control group (38.81 +/- 3.30 U/g and 6.14 +/- 0.49 mg/g, respectively) during reperfusion. Verapamil had no effect on the myocardial perfusability or on the strength of the ischaemic contracture. Verapamil did not reduce the CK or protein leakage in calcium paradox. It was concluded that verapamil has some protective effect against cell injury on myocardium during post-ischaemic reperfusion but none in calcium paradox. PMID- 6539238 TI - Morphologic changes of the esophageal mucosa in the rat after chronic alcohol ingestion. AB - Fifteen litter-matched pairs of Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into two groups, one fed an alcoholic diet and the other fed an isocaloric but non-alcoholic diet. 5 animals each of the experimental and control groups were sacrificed at 98, 200 and 290 d. The upper part of esophagus was fixed for morphological analysis of semi-fine sections. The following histological observations were made on the oral esophageal mucosa of the alcohol-consuming animals: An epithelial atrophy was observed between 200 and 290 d of alcoholisation . This atrophy was not the result of a decrease in the number of epithelial layers, but was associated with a decrease in basal cellular size. A basal cell pleomorphism and a tendency towards epithelial dysplasia were the rule after long time alcohol consumption. These observations reflect features resembling to those seen in Plummer- Vinson syndrome, a precancerous state in humans. PMID- 6539237 TI - Heterogeneity of cell response to early anoxia and reoxygenation in rat heart. AB - Heterogeneous cell injury and increased tissue calcium levels were observed in the isolated rat hearts perfused with anoxic medium for 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 min. These changes were intensified after reoxygenation of the anoxic hearts. The cell injury was quantitated using a score of 0, 1, 2 or 3 (0 being normal and 3 being severe injury). All four classes of cells were present even after 5 min of anoxia. The injury and calcium content increased with increase in duration of anoxia. Reduction in the percentage of injured cells was observed on reoxygenation of hearts perfused with anoxic medium for 5 to 20 min. However, reoxygenation of hearts initially perfused with anoxic medium for 25 to 30 min resulted in a higher percentage of injured myocytes. Beneficial effects of reoxygenation were observed in the anoxic hearts when the percentage of cells with an injury score of 1 and glycogen deposit were high, coupled with low calcium levels. PMID- 6539239 TI - About the effect of risk factors on the structure and the proliferation of arterial wall cells. Part 1: Changes in structure and proliferation of cultivated aortic smooth muscle cells from hypertensive-diabetic rats. AB - In cultivated aortic smooth muscle cells (SMC) from normal or hypertensive diabetic rats respectively, two types of cells, small SMC and large ones, were observed. The differences between the surface areas, form factors and nucleus plasma relations of the small and the large cells, measured by morphometric methods are evident. The ratio of small to large cells originating from the normal group was 87%: 13%, and of those originating from the hypertensive diabetic group 76%: 24%. The percentages of polynuclear cells from the normal group were 3.9% and from the hypertensive-diabetic group 6.1%. The small cells from hypertensive-diabetic rats proliferated faster (3H-thymidine labeling index 23.7%) than those from the control rats (3H-thymidine labeling index 12.9%). Their large cells showed on the contrary a trend to slower proliferation. PMID- 6539240 TI - About the effect of risk factors on the structure and the proliferation of arterial wall cells. Part 2: Changes in structure and proliferation of cultivated aortic endothelial cells from hypertensive minipigs. AB - Cultured aortic endothelial cells (EC) from normotensive and hypertensive minipigs were studied in the second passage. Cytological measurements performed on confluent cultures of the same age in the second subculture revealed significant smaller surface areas and circumferences of EC and of their nuclei in the hypertensive group compared to those in the normotensive control group. The percentage of polynuclear EC was higher in cultures from hypertensive animals than in cultures from normotensive ones. EC derived from hypertensive minipigs differed from those of normotensive animals by a higher rate of proliferation as shown by 3H-thymidine labeling of the cells and by comparison of growth curves. PMID- 6539241 TI - Adrenaline application by controlled release system shows that it does play a physiological role in glycogenolysis. AB - In a frequently cited paper Sokal , Sarcione and Henderson (1964) doubted the physiological glycogenolytic role of adrenaline (A). By using isolated perfused rat livers, they found adrenaline to be effective at doses higher than 140 ng/ml while a mere tenfold increase in glucagon leads to expressed glycogenolysis. Our in vivo experiments carried out with controlled release systems for adrenaline show that marked glycogenolysis takes place at an adrenaline serum level of not more than 20 ng/ml while endogenous glucagon levels do not differ from controls. We think, that the reason for those controversial results lies in the fact that Sokal , Sarcione and Henderson (1964) diminished the glycogenolytic action of adrenaline by blocking its alpha-component for the reason of an easier perfusion, and they further diminished its glycogenolytic action by omitting corticosterone, which is well known for its permissive role in adrenaline induced glycogenolysis in vivo. PMID- 6539242 TI - Studies on quantitative morphology. VIII. Model-type calculations for thyroid gland morphometry. AB - A sphere with a nucleus and a shell each with different tissue component distributions was used as an approximative model for the thyroid gland. Noticeable divergencies are often seen between the composition of the total body and single parallel sections through such a sphere, but there is a changing region around the middle of the sphere radius, in which coincidence is found between the distributions both in the model-type gland and in such a section. In practice the location of this places is often not known precisely enough and therefore much more accurate results are obtained in an acceptable processing time by measurements of a few slides with approximately equal distances. PMID- 6539243 TI - To what extent can sleep be influenced by diurnal activity? PMID- 6539244 TI - Mushroom toxins of the genus Cortinarius. AB - 3 major components of the toxic fungus Cortinarius speciosissimus have been isolated and their structures determined as cyclic polypeptides. 2 of these compounds have been shown in laboratory animals to cause nephrotoxicity characteristic of Cortinarius mushroom poisoning. PMID- 6539245 TI - Polarographic activity of the antitumor drug cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum (II). The effect of hydrolysis and trans-isomerization of the drug. AB - Electrochemical activities of cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum (II) (cis-DDP) and its trans isomer were studied by classical and differential pulse polarography (d.p.p.). It was shown that both isomers yielded a polarographic step or peak at about -1.6 V (vs. Ag/AgCl), which corresponded to electroreduction of the complex and to catalytic hydrogen evolution. This signal was easily measurable with the aid of d.p.p. and was suitable for investigation of the extent of hydrolysis and trans-isomerization of cis-DDP leading to the formation of toxic products. The detection limit for determination of cis-DDP and its trans isomer by d.p.p. was 1 X 10(-6) mol/l. PMID- 6539246 TI - Binding of centchroman--a nonsteroidal antifertility agent to human plasma proteins. AB - Centchroman, a non-steroidal antifertility agent showed a low affinity (Kd = 13.19 X 10(-6) M) and nonsaturable binding to human plasma. Centchroman did not compete either with sex hormone binding globulin or corticosteroid binding globulin. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and temperature dependent binding characteristics revealed that the protein responsible for centchroman binding to human plasma resembles albumin. PMID- 6539247 TI - Somatomedin-C in zinc deficiency. AB - A significant decrease in the activity of somatomedin-C (SM-C) was observed due to zinc deficiency. SM-C activity correlated significantly with b.wt gain and with the status of zinc in rats. The present findings provide an insight into the mechanism by which zinc promotes growth and development. PMID- 6539249 TI - Night shift paralysis. AB - 12% of night nurses surveyed claimed to have suffered from a totally incapacitating paralysis that may be related to sleep paralysis, and contribute to impaired levels of safety on the night shift. The incidence of this paralysis is shown to be age-related, largely confined to the early hours of the morning, and to increase over consecutive night shifts. PMID- 6539248 TI - Do luteinized unruptured follicles secrete progesterone in mature female rats. AB - Unruptured luteinized follicles were shown to secrete less progesterone than did postovulatory corpora lutea in cyclic female rats. PMID- 6539250 TI - Pathogenesis of myonecrosis induced by crude venom and a myotoxin of Bothrops asper. AB - The pathogenesis of skeletal muscle necrosis induced by crude Bothrops asper venom and isolated myotoxic phospholipase was studied using light and electron microscopy. White mice were injected intramuscularly with a dose of 2.5 micrograms/g and tissue samples were taken at 30 min and 1, 3, 6, 12, 24, and 48 hr. Toxin-injected muscle showed localized wedge-shaped lesions ("delta lesions") by 30 min, which included disrupted plasma membranes. At 1 and 3 hr the predominant type of necrotic cell contained clumped myofibrils in which individual myofilaments were indistinguishable. At later time periods there was a relaxation and redistribution of myofilaments resulting in a more homogeneous and hyaline appearance of necrotic cells. Some mitochondria were swollen and had flocculent densities, and most of them were disrupted, having only one membrane and vesiculated cristae. The basal lamina was intact at all time intervals. Phagocytosis of muscle cell debris started at 3 hr and was prominent by 24-48 hr. In crude venom-injected muscle many cells showed pathologic features identical to those observed after myotoxin injection. Crude venom also induced hemorrhage which was evident 30 min after injection, reaching its highest level by 12 hr. At 3, 6, and 12 hr some cells were undergoing different pathologic changes which appeared to be due to ischemia. Although these cells were irreversibly damaged, as indicated by ruptured plasma membrane, their myofibrillar structure was better preserved than that of toxin-affected cells. The Z line was absent, but A, I, H, and M bands were intact. As a result of Z line loss, sarcomeres were disoriented. It is proposed that the myotoxin induces myonecrosis by first altering the integrity of the plasma membrane, thereby increasing the permeability to calcium, other ions, and molecules which leads to death of the cell. Crude venom affects muscle cells in two ways: by direct action of myotoxin (s) and by ischemia due to hemorrhage. PMID- 6539251 TI - High tyrosine protein kinase activities in soluble and particulate fractions in bone marrow cells. AB - High tyrosine protein kinase activities were detected in soluble and particulate forms from bone marrow cells using synthetic peptide (Glu-Asp-Ala-Glu-Tyr-Ala-Ala Arg-Arg-Arg-Gly) as a substrate. Total activity of tyrosine protein kinase was 2.4 times higher in the soluble fraction but the specific activity was slightly higher in the particulate one. Mg2+ or Mn2+ requirements of these two enzymes for maximal activity were quite different from each other. Physiological significance of these two forms of enzymes is briefly discussed. PMID- 6539252 TI - Monozygotic twins from in vitro fertilization. AB - A case of identical twins following in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer ( IVF -ET) is described. Two embryos were transferred, but it is apparent that only one implanted and subsequently divided in the early implantation phase to produce identical male twins within a monochorionic , diamniotic placental and membrane configuration. Additional marker studies provide an overall probability of less than 0.001 for dizygosity . There is unlikely to be any relationship between this event and the technique of IVF -ET. PMID- 6539253 TI - The influence of in vitro caffeine treatment on human sperm morphology and fertilizing capacity. AB - After publication in the literature that in vitro caffeine treatment causes damage of the normal shape of the sperm head and thereby decreases fertilizing capacity, we carried out a clinical and electron microscopic study to determine the influence of caffeine on the fertilizing capacity and sperm cell morphology. Sixty women (with infertile husbands) underwent artificial insemination by donor with frozen/thawed semen over a period of 12 months, using randomized addition of caffeine in alternate months. Fourteen women became pregnant during the 6 months they received caffeine-treated semen, whereas only 7 pregnancies occurred during the 6 months the women received semen without caffeine. Scanning electron microscopic examinations of fresh proven donor semen showed no morphologic changes caused by the in vitro caffeine treatment. However, quantitative morphologic analysis of the frozen/thawed semen was unsatisfactory because of the freezing technique and the masking effect of the protective medium. It is concluded that in vitro caffeine treatment of fertile donor semen does not damage the spermatozoa; furthermore, it seems to improve the fertilizing capacity. PMID- 6539254 TI - Selective binding of human cumulus cell-secreted glycoproteins to human spermatozoa during capacitation in vitro. AB - The results of this study demonstrate that glycoproteins manufactured by human cumulus cells can be detected bound to human spermatozoa incubated in capacitational medium containing the labeled cumulus-cell secretions. Cumulus cell-secreted glycoproteins were labeled with a mixture of 3H-methionine and 3H tryptophan or with 3H-fucose, and the binding of the labeled compounds to spermatozoa was evaluated by autoradiography. The binding was highly selective, involving only approximately 1% of the samples of spermatozoa used. The results suggest that the binding of cumulus-cell-secreted glycoproteins to spermatozoa may represent a final and highly selective step in human sperm capacitation. PMID- 6539255 TI - [Prevention of stress ulcers of the stomach by polarization of the motor zone of the cerebral cortex]. PMID- 6539256 TI - [Effect of prolonged stress on the hypophyseal-adrenal-gonadal system in rabbits of different ages]. PMID- 6539257 TI - A case of ecthyma contagiosum (human orf) treated with idoxuridine. PMID- 6539259 TI - Immunoglobulin-bearing blood leucocytes in the Pacific hagfish. AB - The occurrence of immunoglobulin (Ig) bearing leucocytes in the blood of the Pacific hagfish, Eptatretus stoutii , was examined using a murine monoclonal antibody (45.3) and a rabbit antiserum specific for hagfish serum Ig. Binding of antibody 45.3 to hagfish leucocytes assessed by radioimmunoassay was inhibited by preincubation of antibody with purified serum Ig thus verifying the presence of cell surface Ig cross reactive with serum Ig. The monoclonal antibody identified approximately 65% of blood leucocytes as Ig+ve while the rabbit antiserum indicated 81% Ig+ve cells. Both antibody preparations failed to react specifically with cells from mouse, horned shark, tunicate or sea star; this indicates the distinctive nature of hagfish Ig. The high percentage of blood cells bearing surface Ig in the hagfish raises the possibility that lymphocyte divergence to separate B and T pathways may not have occurred in this most primitive vertebrate. Alternatively, an Ig-like specificity characteristic of both "T" and "B" lymphocytes may have been detected. In any event, a subset of Ig negative leucocytes is evident in hagfish. PMID- 6539260 TI - Analysis of an inducer of the amoebal-plasmodial transition in the myxomycetes Didymium iridis and Physarum polycephalum. AB - Recent studies with amoebae of the Myxomycetes Didymium iridis and Physarum polycephalum reveal that competence to undergo sexual fusion or to differentiate to plasmodia apogamically can be induced by a diffusible factor. Suspension cultures of Didymium amoebae have proven to be a good source of the inducer activity. Cell-free culture supernatants accelerated mating of Didymium and Physarum amoebae and also apogamic differentiation of the Physarum strain Colonia . Characterization and purification of the inducer activity is being conducted with a semiquantitative bioassay based on the induction of zygote formation in suspensions of mating-compatible Didymium amoebae. PMID- 6539258 TI - Anemia causes erythropoiesis and increased antibody synthesis in the spleen of the pregnant mouse. AB - The role of anemia in the induction of splenic alterations during pregnancy has been studied in mice and rats. The enlarged spleens of 12 day pregnant CBA mice typically showed dramatic increase in numbers of esterase-positive cells (mainly erythroblasts) and increase in numbers of immunoglobulin-secreting cells. Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats showed slight enlargement of the spleen, no change in the content of esterase-positive cells, but a clear-cut increase in numbers of Lepehne -stained erythroblasts and immunoglobulin-secreting spleen cells. Virgin mice and rats were made anemic by bleeding or phenylhydrazine-treatment. These animals showed very much the same splenic alterations as those of pregnant mice and rats. In a final experiment pregnant CBA mice were subjected to transfusion of washed syngeneic red blood cells in order to normalize their erythrocyte counts. These mice showed reduced splenomegaly, reduced increase in numbers of esterase-positive cells and reduced numbers of immunoglobulin-secreting cells. It was concluded that pregnancy-associated anemia ( erythropenia ) is a major reason to the gross change in size and cell content of the maternal spleen. PMID- 6539261 TI - The mother-litter relationship in developmental rat studies: cannibalism vs caring. AB - This incidence of cannibalism was studied in a series of developmental studies (on neonatal lesions, prenatal stress, prenatal surgery, unoperated controls) in which rats were manipulated during either the prenatal or early postnatal periods. Cannibalism during the preweaning period occurred in from 0 to 33% of the litters, depending on the treatment group. It was found in most cases, however, that mothers who cannibalized were also good caretakers of their remaining pups. The same litters were also involved in preweaning tests of mother young interactions to determine if experimental treatments altered the maternal filial relationship. It was found that as early as postnatal Day 4, nursing episodes were predominantly pup-initiated in the lesioned litters but mother initiated in control litters. PMID- 6539262 TI - The relationship of continuous (C) and interrupted (I) tones at threshold and most comfortable loudness (MCL) in hearing-impaired ears. AB - Differences in the Bekesy tracking levels of continuous (C) and interrupted (I) tones at both threshold and most comfortable loudness (MCL) were determined in a large clinical sample of persons with hearing loss. Results indicate small but significant C-I differences not only at the two levels separately but also in the tracking of C and I tones at threshold relative to MCL, regardless of frequency or hearing loss severity. Such results may have implications for both diagnostic and rehabilitative audiology. PMID- 6539264 TI - Characterization of low- and high-metastatic clones isolated from a Lewis lung carcinoma. AB - Cloned cell lines with low and high metastatic potentials were established from a Lewis lung carcinoma. Those with a high metastatic potential, LM12 -3-II cells, grew slower than those with a low potential, P-29 cells, both in vivo and in vitro. No significant difference between these cell lines was found in their susceptibility to natural killer cell-mediated lysis in vitro. Both LM12 -3-II and P-29 cells showed poor organization of microfilament bundles containing actin. LM-12-3-II cells showed lower cloning efficiency in semisolid 0.3% and 0.6% agar medium, lower lysosomal enzyme activities and lower homotypic aggregation than P-29 cells. LM12 -3-II cells adhered to monolayers of endothelial cells more slowly than P-29 cells, although they adhered to a subendothelial matrix a little more rapidly than P-29 cells. On the other hand, LM12 -3-II cells adhered to the surface of plastic culture dishes more firmly than P-29 cells. The neuraminidase-accessible sialic acid of LM12 -3-II cells was less than that of P-29 cells. Thus, the firmness of adhesion was positively correlated with the metastatic potential in these cells. PMID- 6539263 TI - Effects of rate of air pressure change on tympanometry. AB - The effects of two rates of air pressure change upon the pressure and compliance values and classification of tympanograms were determined in normal subjects and subjects with middle ear pathology. Significant differences in the magnitude of compliance and the air pressure corresponding to maximum compliance were observed. The more rapid rate was associated with a higher measured compliance in both groups of ears. In normal ears, the faster pressure change resulted in a shift in the point of maximum compliance toward a more negative pressure, while the reverse was true for ears with middle ear disease. The different rates of pressure change resulted in a different classification of the associated tympanograms for approximately 25% of the impaired ears. These findings imply that the interpretation of the relative normalcy of the tympanogram should take into account the rate of air pressure change used to acquire the result. PMID- 6539265 TI - Cytolytic factor in eggs of the sea hare Aplysia kurodai. AB - A cytolytic factor partially purified from eggs of the sea hare Aplysia kurodai was examined for cytolytic activity against various target cells. All kinds of tumor cells tested were lysed in vitro by the cytolytic factor in the range of 10 100 ng protein/ml. In contrast, normal spleen cells were lysed by 10 micrograms/ml of this factor and red cells were not lysed even at this higher concentration. Tumor lysis was time-dependent and was complete within 10 hr. This factor inhibited DNA and RNA syntheses of tumor cells but not protein synthesis. The cytolytic activity was lost on heat-treatment (60 degrees) and at pH 2, and was partially inhibited by treatment with 8M urea and at pH 12, but the factor was resistant to treatments with trypsin, periodate and 2-mercaptoethanol. Neutralizing activity was observed in vivo on pretreatment of MM46 and L1210 cells with the factor. This cytolytic factor also inhibited the growth of solid type MH134 tumor and ascitic-type MM46 tumor. These results indicate that Aplysia eggs contain a novel cytolytic factor that lyses tumor cells in vitro and inhibits tumor growth in vivo. PMID- 6539266 TI - Studies on the origins of biliary immunoglobulins in rats. AB - This study was designed to investigate the origins of biliary immunoglobulins in rats. Natural antibodies to species of Lactobacillus and Staphylococcus were detected in blood, bile, and lymph, with predominant activity being associated with immunoglobulin A in lymph and bile and with immunoglobulins M and G in blood. Six hours after thoracic duct cannulation, serum immunoglobulins G, M, and A had fallen to 60%, 65%, and 40%, respectively, of the preoperative levels, whereas the level of total and specific immunoglobulin A in bile was reduced to 25% with no significant decline of immunoglobulin G. Thoracic duct occlusion caused a similar selective reduction in biliary immunoglobulin A. It is calculated that 50% of thoracic duct lymph immunoglobulin A entering the blood is secreted in bile. Synthesis of immunoglobulins M, G, and A in the liver was established by the detection of antibody-secreting cells. It is proposed that the major part of biliary immunoglobulin A is derived from intestinal lymphoid tissues and that a portion of the remainder, as well as part of biliary immunoglobulins M and G, results from local synthesis. PMID- 6539267 TI - Alcoholic liver injury in baboons: transformation of lipocytes to transitional cells. AB - Ultrastructure of the lipocytes (the main perisinusoidal cells) and their alterations in the progression of hepatic fibrosis were studied in liver biopsy specimens of baboons pair-fed with diets containing alcohol, or isocaloric carbohydrate, for up to 112 mo. In control baboons, 97% of the cells in the Disse space were lipocytes characterized by a volume density of lipid droplets occupying greater than 20% of the cell volume and by the presence of microfilament bundles with associated dense bodies and pinocytic vesicles. Intercellular junctions of the adherens type were present between lipocytes and hepatocytes. After alcohol consumption, the number of lipocytes (as assessed by light microscopy) was significantly decreased in fatty livers and at various stages of hepatic fibrosis; this was associated with a decreased hepatic vitamin A content. In baboons fed alcohol, only 48% of cells were lipocytes, whereas 52% were transitional cells defined by a volume of lipid droplets less than 20% of the cell. Like the lipocytes, transitional cells exhibited microfilament bundles, dense bodies, and pinocytic vesicles, and were attached to the hepatocytes by cell junctions. The rough endoplasmic reticulum in transitional cells was conspicuous and had an area significantly greater than that in lipocytes of controls and alcohol-fed animals (69% and 37%, respectively). There was a significant correlation between the percentage of transitional cells as well as the area of their rough endoplasmic reticulum and the degree of hepatic fibrosis. Thus, in baboons fed alcohol, the progression of hepatic fibrosis is associated with transformation of lipocytes to transitional cells characterized by a depletion of lipid droplets and a hypertrophy of the rough endoplasmic reticulum; these transitional cells may play a role in promoting hepatic fibrosis in alcoholic liver injury. PMID- 6539268 TI - In vitro estradiol-17 beta and testosterone production by ovarian follicles of the goldfish, Carassius auratus. AB - In vitro production of estradiol-17 beta and testosterone by ovarian follicles of goldfish (Carassius auratus) at different developmental stages in response to human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) was examined using 18-hr incubations. The vitellogenic follicles (primary and secondary yolk stage) produced estradiol-17 beta in response to HCG; follicles at the secondary yolk stage produced about five times more estradiol-17 beta than the primary yolk stage follicles. However, tertiary yolk stage follicles, which could be induced to mature in vitro by HCG treatment, did not produce estradiol-17 beta. HCG also stimulated testosterone production by follicles at all stages of development; maximal production was observed in tertiary yolk stage follicles. An indirect assessment of aromatase activity at each stage was made. Vitellogenic follicles (primary and secondary yolk stage) produced estradiol-17 beta when incubated with testosterone, the larger follicles producing about three times more estradiol-17 beta. Only low levels of estradiol-17 beta were produced by tertiary yolk stage follicles. Addition of HCG to primary yolk stage follicles slightly but significantly enhanced estradiol-17 beta production; however, no enhancement was seen with secondary and tertiary stage follicles. These results suggest that the decrease in estradiol-17 beta production in tertiary yolk stage follicles may be partly due to a decrease of aromatase activity at this stage. PMID- 6539269 TI - [Semantics of genetic correlation analysis]. AB - A theory of genetic-correlation analysis has been put forward on the basis of notions concerning general and special codispersions . The complete set of genetic-correlation indexes is received and their genetic-statistical meaning revealed. The models for genetical component analysis of general and special codispersions of correlative connections are constructed. PMID- 6539270 TI - A new t-complex embryonic lethal (tcl0) has arisen in the Thp chromosome of the mouse and is allelic to t0. PMID- 6539271 TI - The role of calcium, copper, iron and zinc in preterm delivery and premature rupture of fetal membranes. AB - Maternal and cord blood samples were collected in 60 cases with or without rupture of membranes before and at term. Serum concentrations of calcium, copper, iron and zinc were determined by proton-induced X-ray emission. Maternal and cord serum ceruloplasmin and maternal hemoglobin were also determined. Mothers with preterm delivery showed significantly lower hemoglobin values than those with delivery at term. Concentrations of calcium, iron and zinc were higher in cord than in maternal serum whereas maternal copper levels were higher than respective cord levels in all groups. The cord copper and ceruloplasmin and also their fetal/maternal ratios were significantly lower in the group with preterm premature rupture of fetal membranes (PROM) than in other groups. Maternal serum zinc and calcium were lower in preterm groups than in term groups. The study suggests a possible role of copper in preterm PROM and of zinc in the initiation of preterm labor, whereas calcium and iron do not seem to be involved in the etiology of prematurity or PROM. PMID- 6539272 TI - Detection of N-nitrosamines in the saliva of habitual chewers of tobacco. AB - The saliva of habitual chewers of tobacco and of non- chewers was examined using high-performance liquid chromatography and gas-liquid chromatography-thermal energy analysis. N-Nitrosodimethylamine, N-nitrosodiethylamine, N nitrosopyrrolidine, N-nitrosonornicotine and N- nitrosohydroxyproline were detected in the saliva from the tobacco chewers . These N-nitroso compounds are probably leached from the tobacco itself and/or are formed in situ by the nitrosation of tobacco alkaloids as well as that of secondary amines. No N nitroso compounds were detected in the saliva of non- chewers . PMID- 6539273 TI - Aluminium coffee percolators as a source of dietary aluminium. AB - The aluminium content of coffee brewed and stored in aluminium percolators was measured using atomic absorption spectrometry. Brewing in a new aluminium pot added 0.88 (immediately after brewing ) to 1.18 mg aluminium (after a further 12 hr storage in the pot and reheating ) to each cup of coffee. Percolators which had been used repeatedly were less susceptible to mobilization of aluminium by coffee, and brewing in these increased the aluminium content of each cup of coffee by 0.40 mg immediately after brewing and by 0.58 mg after storage for 12 hr in the pot and reheating . The aluminium content of the ground coffee beans used in this work was relatively high (51.8 ppm). To demonstrate that the bulk of the aluminium measured in the percolated coffee samples were dissolved aluminium and was not part of the aluminium associated with the ground coffee, the dialysable aluminium was measured in some samples of coffee percolated in a new aluminium pot. These data indicate that 61% of the aluminium in the percolated coffee was dialysable immediately after brewing . Samples that were stored in a new aluminium percolator and reheated to 96 degrees C contained 75% dialysable aluminium. Although the levels of aluminium in percolated coffee have been measured, the bioavailability of the aluminium ingested in this way has yet to be determined. PMID- 6539274 TI - Susceptibilities of drugs to nitrosation under standardized chemical conditions. AB - Of 22 drugs with either a N,N-dimethylamino, N,N-diethylamino or N-morpholino group in the molecule, eight were converted to volatile N-nitrosamines by nitrosative cleavage in reactions of nitrite and drug in a molar ratio of 4:1 at pH 3. Under standardized conditions yields were greatest with aminopyrine and minocycline which contains two N,N-dimethylamino groups in the molecule. Oxytetracycline, chlortetracycline, tetracycline, promethazine, chlorpromazine, imipramine and disulfiram gave much lower yields and amitriptyline, clomiphene, clomipramine, dextropropoxyphene, diphenhydramine, disopyramide, erythromycin, mepyramine, methapyrilene, penicillin G procaine salt, procaine, tamoxifen, trimeprazine and tripelennamine yielded no detectable levels of volatile N nitrosamines. Nitrosation products of 57 drugs were also examined by a group selective procedure estimating both volatile and non-volatile N-nitroso compounds. Virtually all of the yield obtained from aminopyrine or minocycline could be accounted for by N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA). However, compounds yielding excess N-nitrosamines compared to NDMA were obtained from the other three tetracyclines, presumably as a result of the cleavage of a methyl group from the N,N-dimethylamino substituent to form desmethyl-N-nitroso compounds. In general, the drugs giving the highest yields of N-nitroso compounds were those containing secondary rather than tertiary amino groups. A considerable range of susceptibilities towards nitrous acid was observed overall; ten drugs containing a secondary or tertiary amino- or amido- or hydrazido - group did not react with nitrous acid to form N-nitroso compounds. PMID- 6539275 TI - Toxicity of rhizonin A, isolated from Rhizopus microsporus, in laboratory animals. AB - Maize culture material of 25 isolates of the genera Rhizopus and Mucor caused deaths in day-old unsexed Pekin ducklings when fed as a 50% (w/w) mixture with duckling feed. Nine of these isolates were tested for toxicity in young inbred male BD IX rats, which were fed a mixture of 50% (w/w) culture material and rat feed. Only one isolate of Rhizopus microsporus was clearly toxic, causing 100% mortality in rats within 10 days. Growth in rats was reduced by adding culture material of this isolate to the feed in concentrations of 2.5, 5, 10 or 20% (w/w). The same isolate of R. microsporus was used to produce the mycotoxin rhizonin A. Pure rhizonin A was dissolved in dimethylsulphoxide and given to young male partially inbred albino rats by gavage in single doses of 70, 96, 131 or 180 mg/kg. The lowest dose exceeded the LD100. Evaluated by light microscopy, lesions in livers and kidneys were similar in rats fed culture material and in those intubated with rhizonin A. Hepatocytes showed changes ranging from degeneration to necrosis, the liver-tissue architecture was changed by disassociation of liver cell cords and there was periportal bile-duct proliferation. Renal tubular epithelium showed changes ranging from degeneration to necrosis. PMID- 6539276 TI - Inhalation toxicity of dehydrothio-p-toluidine. AB - The acute inhalation toxicity of dehydrothio -p-toluidine ( DHPT ; CAS Registry No. 92-36-4) was determined by exposing groups of young adult Crl-CD rats for single 4-hr periods. Death resulted when the DHPT concentration reached 3.00 mg/litre. The subchronic effects of DHPT were studied by exposing male rats to 0.6 mg/litre for ten 6-hr periods (five exposure days, two rest days, five exposure days). Body-weight loss during the exposures was followed by normal weight gain during a 14-day recovery period. Salivation, lachrymation , pawing and chewing motions, rapid respiration and red nasal discharge occurred during exposure and continued into the recovery period, although they generally abated as the recovery period progressed. Clinical laboratory measurements on blood from exposed rats suggested a haemolytic anaemia with injury to the liver and kidneys. Liver changes were characterized by hepatocyte hypertrophy and proliferation of bile-duct epithelial cells. A mild degree of renal tubular degeneration was seen and the spleen showed congestion of red pulp with excessive amounts of haemosiderin. These effects persisted throughout the 2-wk recovery period. PMID- 6539277 TI - The distribution of [14C]caprolactam in male, female and pregnant mice. AB - The distribution of [14C]caprolactam was studied by whole-body autoradiography in male, female and 14.5-day-pregnant mice. This technique does not allow translocation or removal of soluble compounds from the sites of localization. Pregnant mice were frozen 20 min and 1, 3, 9 and 24 hr after oral administration of the compound. The non-pregnant mouse was frozen 3 hr after oral dosing; two male mice were frozen 20 min and 9 hr after intravenous administration. Radioactivity was rapidly absorbed from the stomach and distributed throughout the entire animal, including the foetuses. There was efficient elimination by the kidney and liver. Material secreted by the liver into bile and intestinal contents appeared not to be reabsorbed via the enterohepatic circulation. The kinetics of distribution and elimination appeared to be the same in male, female and pregnant animals. The only sites of retention of radioactivity after 24 hr were the umbilical cords, amnion, yolk sac, maternal lens, maternal Harderian gland and maternal liver. The distribution into and removal from the foetuses was typical of molecules that diffuse freely across the placenta. There was no retention of radioactivity in any foetal tissue. With the possible exception of some residual activity in the nasal epithelium, no localization was seen that would suggest a site of toxic action of caprolactam. PMID- 6539278 TI - N-nitroso compounds and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in Icelandic smoked cured mutton. AB - Five samples of Icelandic smoked cured mutton were analysed for volatile N nitrosamines, N- nitrosoamino acids, total N-nitroso content and several polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Levels varied considerably from sample to sample but generally the levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and N nitrosamines (as judged by N- nitrosoproline , N- nitrosohydroxyproline and total N-nitroso content) varied in the same way. It is suggested that in this product the smoking procedure is responsible for both groups of contaminants and that the curing process is relatively unimportant. PMID- 6539279 TI - Fluoroacetic acid in guar gum. AB - The toxicity of guar gum, derived from the Indian leguminous plant Cyamopsis tetragonolobus, is thought to be due to a globulin which can be denaturated and made non-toxic. Another very toxic compound, fluoroacetic acid, has been detected at a low level in raw samples of guar gum (0.07-1.42 micrograms fluoroacetic acid/g). A sample of a guar-gum pharmaceutical formulation contained only 0.08 ppm fluoroacetate. One exceptionally high value of 9.5 micrograms/g was found in a guar-gum powder. The low concentrations of fluoroacetate found in guar gum dispel any considerations about possible health risks associated with fluoroacetate during the prolonged use of guar gum at the recommended doses. PMID- 6539281 TI - Formaldehyde: of mice and men. PMID- 6539280 TI - Brominated oil residues and toxicity. PMID- 6539282 TI - Tartrazine--a reinvestigation by in vivo cytogenetic methods. PMID- 6539283 TI - Synthesis and disposition of 14C-labelled gentian violet in F344 rats and B6C3F1 mice. AB - The synthesis of [phenyl-U-14C]gentian violet from [U-14C]benzene is described. The 14C-labelled dye was administered by gavage to groups of male and female F344 rats which were killed at 2, 4, 14, 24 or 36 hr after the single dose. Radioactivity was measured in urine, and determined in faeces, liver, kidney, fatty tissue, gonads and muscle by combustion analysis. Residues were maximal at 4 hr in liver, kidney, muscle and gonads, and in fat they reached a plateau after 24 hr. Depletion half-lives for male and female livers were 14.5 and 17.0 hr, respectively. The 14C-labelled dye was also administered in multiple doses by gavage to both sexes of F344 rats and B6C3F1 hybrid mice for 7 days. The highest residue level was found in fatty tissue of females of both species, with a highly significant sex difference (P less than 0.01). Significant sex differences were also noted for residue levels in kidney and muscle tissue from both species and in mouse liver. Bile collected from cannulated rats contained 5.7-6.4% of a single oral dose of the dye. The results suggest that gentian violet is absorbed from the gastro-intestinal tract to a greater extent than has been reported for other triphenylmethane dyes. PMID- 6539284 TI - Comparative metabolism of 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxytoluene (BHT) in mice and rats. AB - In male and female DDY/Slc mice given single oral doses (20 or 500 mg/kg body weight) of 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxytoluene (BHT) labelled with 14C at the p methyl group, 14C was distributed mainly in the stomach, intestines, liver and kidney, and then excreted in the urine, faeces and expired air. During the 7 days after treatment, 41-65, 26-50 and 6-9% of the 14C dose was excreted in faeces, urine and expired air, respectively, and the total recovery was 96-98%. Levels of 14C in 21 male and 22 female tissues 7 days after treatment were less than 1 microgram BHT equivalents/g tissue (ppm) in mice given 20 mg/kg and less than 11 ppm in mice given 500 mg/kg. When [14C]BHT was given orally to male mice at 20 mg/kg/day for 10 days, 14C was rapidly excreted and did not exhibit any tendency to accumulate in any tissues. Thin-layer chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography analyses showed that more than 43 metabolites were present in the urine and faeces of both species, and all of these were identified to determine metabolic pathways for BHT in mice and rats. Major metabolic reactions of [14C]BHT in mice were the oxidation of the p-methyl group attached to the benzene ring and of the tert-butyl groups. The products from the latter reaction were cyclized to some extent by reacting with the adjacent phenolic OH group to give hemiacetals or lactones. The carboxyl derivatives from the p-methyl oxidation were conjugated with glucuronic acid. When single oral doses of 20 or 500 mg [14C]BHT/kg were given to male Sprague-Dawley rats, metabolites similar to those in mice were found. However, the major biotransformation was oxidation of the p-methyl group, and oxidation of the tert-butyl groups was a minor reaction in rats. PMID- 6539285 TI - Comparative toxicities of dietary caffeine and theobromine in the rat. AB - Caffeine, incorporated into pulverized Purina Rat Chow at a concentration of 0.5%, was fed to male Sprague-Dawley rats for 7 or 8 wk and the effects were compared with those of 0.8% dietary theobromine, fed to male rats for 7 wk. Both dietary methylated xanthines produced significant decreases in food consumption and body-weight gain when compared to their respective control groups. Food consumption of caffeine-fed rats was 57.2% of controls and for theobromine-fed rats it was 77.9% of the respective controls. Theobromine produced significant decreases in thymus weights, with caffeine producing smaller decreases. The theobromine-fed rats showed severe testicular atrophy with extensive spermatogenic cell degeneration and necrosis, while the testes of rats fed caffeine for 7 or 8 wk showed only scattered vacuolar degeneration of spermatogenic cells. Caffeine appears to be more potent than theobromine as an anorexic agent in rats, but to be equivalent to theobromine in its potential for inducing thymic atrophy and spermatogenic cell destruction with testicular atrophy. PMID- 6539286 TI - In vivo and in vitro effects of caffeine on hepatic mixed-function oxidases in rodents and chicks. AB - Administration of caffeine, ip 100 mg/kg/day for 1-5 days, to adult male rats resulted in a significant increase in hepatic cytochrome P-450 and b5 concentrations and in cytochrome c reductase, aminopyrine N-demethylase and acetanilide hydroxylase activities. No change was seen in relative liver weight but microsomal protein content was increased after treatment for 1 day and decreased after treatment for 3 or 5 days. In adult rats given 25, 100 or 150 mg caffeine/kg for 3 days, maximum stimulation of mixed-function oxidases was seen with the 100-mg/kg dose. Caffeine treatment (100 mg/kg for 3 days) increased relative liver weight in female guinea-pigs and decreased it in chicks and female mice, and decreased microsomal protein content in male mice, female guinea-pigs and young rats, and increased it in chicks. A significant increase in hepatic cytochrome P-450 content was seen in all species studied. Cytochrome b5 content was increased in chicks and young rats, while cytochrome c reductase activity was increased in male and female mice, young rats and chicks and decreased in female guinea-pigs. Aminopyrine N-demethylase activity was increased in young rats and female guinea-pigs, and acetanilide hydroxylase was increased in all test species except male mice. In vitro addition of 2.5 mM-caffeine to microsomal incubations from untreated rats, guinea-pigs, mice and chicks inhibited aminopyrine N demethylase activity, although only to a significant extent in male mice; addition of caffeine to incubations containing microsomes from caffeine-treated animals produced significant inhibition of aminopyrine N-demethylase activity in microsomes from adult and young rats and female guinea-pigs. Aminopyrine N demethylase inhibition did not increase with increasing concentration of added caffeine, although acetanilide hydroxylase activity was progressively inhibited in the microsomal incubates from both control and caffeine-treated animals. PMID- 6539287 TI - The influence of caffeine on tumour incidence in Sprague-Dawley rats. AB - Food-grade natural caffeine was given in the drinking-water (available ad lib.) to barrier-maintained specified-pathogen free Sprague-Dawley rats for 2 yr. Groups of 50 animals per sex received levels of 200, 430, 930 and 2000 mg caffeine/litre, while two control groups, each of 50 animals per sex, received plain water. No unusual tumours or sites of origin for neoplastic growth were found in any animal receiving caffeine. Neoplasms found in various organs showed incidences not exceeding those seen in controls. Thus, exposure to caffeine for 2 yr did not enhance or induce neoplasia in the Sprague-Dawley rats. PMID- 6539288 TI - Aluminium concentrations in the brain and bone of rats fed citric acid, aluminium citrate or aluminium hydroxide. AB - Male Sprague-Dawley rats were treated daily by gastric intubation (6 days/wk) with 100 mg aluminium/kg body weight in the form of aluminium hydroxide (9 wk) or aluminium citrate (4 wk), with citric acid (4 wk) or with tap-water (control, 9 wk). Young adult and aged Wistar rats were treated with 100 mg aluminium/kg body weight as aluminium hydroxide or with carboxymethylcellulose (vehicle controls). The cerebral cortex, hippocampus, cerebellum and samples of bone from each rat were analysed for aluminium, after digestion with nitric acid, using graphite furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy. The mean aluminium concentrations detected in the control Sprague-Dawley rats were 0.013-0.022 microgram/g wet weight in the various brain regions and 0.355 microgram/g in the bone. No significant increase in tissue aluminium concentrations was observed in Sprague Dawley or Wistar rats after treatment with aluminium hydroxide. However the rats treated with aluminium citrate showed significantly increased concentrations of aluminium in all the brain regions studied (0.057-0.121 microgram A1/g) and in the bone (12.9 micrograms A1/g). Elevated aluminium concentrations in the cerebral cortex and bone were also observed in the animals fed citric acid suggesting possible absorption of the citrate chelate presumably formed with the traces of aluminium present in the diet. PMID- 6539289 TI - [Diagnostic value of the prolactin stimulation test in infertile women with galactorrhea]. AB - In infertile women breast secretion may be provoked in approximately 11%, although basal prolactin serum levels are only elevated (greater than 12 ng/ml) in 30% of the cases. This casts doubt on the diagnostic value of a single determination of prolactin serum concentrations in women with galactorrhea and/or infertility. Introduction of a dynamic function test of prolactin secretion into the endocrine work-up of such patients improves our diagnostic tools as can be seen by the fact that approximately two thirds of the patients with galactorrhea exhibited an exaggerated response of prolactin to metoclopramide despite normal baseline levels of prolactin. PMID- 6539290 TI - Alterations in endothelial fenestrations in liver sinusoids of baboons fed alcohol: a scanning electron microscopic study. AB - The effects of chronic alcohol consumption on the ultrastructure of endothelial fenestrations in liver sinusoids were studied by scanning electron microscopy in surgical liver biopsies of 16 baboons pair-fed with nutritionally adequate diets containing alcohol or isocaloric carbohydrate for up to 112 months. Alcohol consumption for 4 to 24 months resulted in a decreased number of fenestrations (1.4 per micron 2 of the endothelial surface vs. 3.3 in pair-fed controls; p less than 0.01) and an increase in their geometric mean diameter (115.6 vs. 82.3 nm in controls; p less than 0.001). After 61 to 112 months of alcohol feeding, the number of fenestrations was 1.9 (vs. 4.6 in controls; p less than 0.005) and the fenestration diameter was 91.8 nm (vs. 76.7 nm in controls; p less than 0.01). The fractional areas occupied by the fenestrations on the endothelial surface of the sinusoids in baboons fed alcohol for 4 to 24 and 61 to 112 months were calculated to be 84 and 58% of their respective controls. The alterations in the sinusoidal endothelium revealed in this study are most likely associated with a disturbance in the exchanges between the sinusoidal blood stream and the liver parenchyma and may thereby contribute to alcohol-induced liver injury. PMID- 6539291 TI - Early hepatic histologic alterations among chemical (vinyl monomer) workers. AB - Focal hepatocellular hyperplasia and focal mixed (hepatocytes and sinusoidal cells) hyperplasia are early histological alterations indicative of vinyl monomer exposure. To evaluate their uses in screening chemical workers, 93 liver biopsy specimens from 78 persons were examined in double-blind duplicative fashion. Forty-eight specimens were from exposed chemical workers, 35 of them having liver biopsy(ies) for hepatic test abnormalities and 13 for nonliver -related reasons. A comparison group consisted of 30 nonchemical workers who had undergone liver biopsy for nonliver related reasons. Twenty-three of the exposed workers (48%) had hepatic lesions consistent with exposure: 17 (35%) of these had focal hepatocytic hyperplasia, while 6 (13%) had focal mixed hyperplasia or more advanced lesions. Only five of the comparison group had like findings: four (13%) had focal hepatocytic hyperplasia; one had focal mixed hyperplasia and sinusoidal dilatation. This individual had persistent hepatic test abnormalities with the focal mixed hyperplasia and a sinusoidal dilatation, and on subsequent biopsy, angiosarcoma (and a history of using hair spray containing vinyl chloride propellant ). Ten individuals had 25 multiple biopsies also read double-blindly; 10 had two or more readings of the same biopsy. Duplicate 21 of 23 (91%) and multiple 27 of 28 (96%) biopsy interpretations in the same individual were identical. Only 6% of either duplicate and/or multiple readings disagreed. Both focal hepatocellular and mixed hyperplasia were always associated with abnormalities in hepatic test results of which indocyanine green clearance was the most sensitive and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase the least specific.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6539292 TI - Peritoneal epithelial lesions associated with proliferative serous tumours of ovary. AB - The peritoneal epithelial lesions in 40 cases of proliferating ovarian serous tumour are described. The lesions were varied and of both neoplastic and non neoplastic form. The most common was serous tumour similar to that in the associated ovarian neoplasm. Tumour of this type was present in some or all of the peritoneal lesions in 77.5% of cases. In nearly two-thirds, the tumour was superficial; in the rest it invaded omentum. Occasionally, the infiltrating tumour was poorly differentiated. Benign tubular lesions resembling endosalpingiosis occurred in 16 (40%) of the 40 cases, but in seven it was associated with serous tumour. Psammoma bodies frequently accompanied serous tumour and endosalpingiosis and in occasional cases the majority of lesions consisted of psammomatous foci. The duration of follow up is too short to adequately assess the biological significance of these findings but it is clear that the peritoneal tumour occasionally may kill the patient within a few years. 'Serous tumour of low malignant potential' is the most appropriate term to describe the general group of ovarian serous tumours of so-called 'borderline malignant' type. PMID- 6539294 TI - PRO program implementation plods ahead. PMID- 6539293 TI - Prospective payment and psychiatry. PMID- 6539295 TI - What PPS means for hospital marketing. PMID- 6539296 TI - Diagnostic features of zoonotic filariae in tissue sections. AB - The diagnostic features in tissue sections from patients with zoonotic filarial infections are reviewed. In general, two types of infections are recognized: 1) those presenting radiologically in healthy patients as coin lesions, which are usually removed because a clinical diagnosis of carcinoma of the lung is made and infarcts containing Dirofilaria immitis parasites in pulmonary arteries are found; and 2) those presenting as subcutaneous nodules, in which D. tenuis, a parasite from raccoons, D. repens, from dogs and cats, D. ursi , from bears, and Onchocerca spp, from horses or cattle, require delineation. Moreover, nodules that on microscopic examination are seen to be lymph nodes may harbor Brugia spp. The geographic distribution of these infections, with emphasis on the United States, is discussed. PMID- 6539297 TI - X-linked recessive myotubular myopathy: I. Clinical and pathologic findings in a family. AB - Four neonatal deaths in one family were due to X-linked myotubular myopathy. The characteristic alterations in muscle, described in three cases, are marked fiber hypotrophy, size variability, and the presence of internal nuclei or pale areas. The diagnosis can be verified only by obtaining a careful genetic history. Previous occurrence of male neonatal death or stillbirth, or of hypotonia and respiratory insufficiency, is critical in the identification of suspected cases. There is morphologic justification for retaining the name "myotubular myopathy" to distinguish this X-linked disorder from other congenital conditions involving muscle weakness that have similar morphologic features. PMID- 6539298 TI - The use of cloned Y chromosome-specific DNA probes for fetal sex determination in first trimester prenatal diagnosis. AB - Prenatal diagnosis by chorion biopsy in the first trimester of pregnancy has advantages over second trimester amniocentesis because diagnosis can be achieved at 9-12 weeks gestation, reducing prenatal anxiety and avoiding the trauma of late abortion. DNA can be prepared from chorionic villus biopsies in sufficient quantity and purity for use in prenatal diagnosis systems using specific DNA probes hybridised to restriction endonuclease digests. DNA probes derived from the Y chromosome have been used to determine fetal sex. The use of such probes means that the chromosomal sex of the fetus can be identified more quickly than by chromosome preparation and more accurately than by sex chromatin staining, and has the additional advantage that the same DNA preparation can be used for other diagnostic tests. A dot hybridisation method has been successfully used to provide even more rapid results than conventional hybridisation to Southern blots of restriction endonuclease digests. There is a risk that Y chromosome-specific DNA probes for sex determination may be subject to error if the parents have extreme Y chromosome variants such as a small or non-fluorescent Y or a Y autosome chromosome translocation. The precise extent to which such chromosome variants may lead to error has been investigated. Even extreme Y chromosome variants totally lacking fluorescence were identified as male by the cloned probes used. However, Y autosome translocations carried by females could cause error if not identified in the parents. The value of the probes has been confirmed provided that parental chromosomes and DNA are examined in parallel with the chorionic biopsy material. PMID- 6539299 TI - Atrial natriuretic factor inhibits angiotensin-, norepinephrine-, and potassium induced vascular contractility. AB - We have previously shown that the natriuretic effect of rat atrial extract (AE) may be due, perhaps entirely, to its powerful renal hemodynamic actions. The present study was undertaken to test the hypothesis that mammalian atria contain a substance that behaves as a functional antagonist of endogenous vasoconstrictors, by examining the direct effects of AE and extensively purified atrial "natriuretic" factor on the contractile response of rabbit aortic rings to angiotensin II (AII), norepinephrine (NE), and K+-induced depolarization. Dose response curves to AII and NE (i.e., change in tension vs log hormone concentration) were determined in the absence or presence of boiled AE or ventricular extracts (VE). Increasing concentrations of boiled AE caused a progressive right-ward shift of the AII and NE dose-response curves, whereas VE was without effect. A similar inhibitory effect was produced after extensive purification of atrial natriuretic factor by gel filtration and reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). It appeared that this factor antagonized AII-induced contractility to a greater degree than that of NE. Moreover, the partially purified factor also inhibited the contraction induced by depolarization with 15 mM KCl in a concentration-dependent manner. These studies show that a substance present in the atria, but not ventricles, blocks both hormone- (receptor) and depolarization- (nonreceptor) induced vasoconstriction in aortic rings. Moreover, this antagonism is retained following extensive purification of an atrial factor that induces natriuresis in the intact rat and isolated rat kidney, suggesting that both the vasoactive and natriuretic properties of AE may reside in a single substance.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6539300 TI - Dahl S rats have increased natriuretic factor in atria but are markedly hyporesponsive to it. AB - Three experiments were carried out to determine whether atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) plays a part in Dahl hypertension. Results showed that ANF from both atria from 13 Dahl salt-sensitive (S) rats that had been fed a 4% NaCl diet for 12 weeks induced an average peak Na excretion of 23.0 muEq/min/g kidney in 13 Sprague-Dawley (SD) recipients vs 12.6 from atria from 13 salt-resistant (R) rats fed 4% NaCl (-45%, p less than 0.01), possibly indicating greater ANF secretion in S rats in order to enhance a reduced Na excretion. In 13 R rats, the ANF content in both atria increased from 14.0 after a 0.11% NaCl diet to 23.7 after 5 days of 4% NaCl diet (p less than 0.001) and then back to 12.6 after 12 weeks of 4% NaCl (p less than 0.001). Thus, ANF almost doubled after brief Na loading but returned to normal during continued Na loading. In S rats with a tendency to Na retention, ANF was elevated to about 23 in all three periods. ANF produced a 130 fold increase in natriuresis and a renal papillary plasma flow ( RPPF ) of 30.8 ml/min/100 g, 41% above the control level of 21.7, p less than 0.001. The marked increase in RPPF is very likely a partial cause of the natriuresis. A constant amount of ANF was continuously infused intravenously into 10 S rats and nine R rats all on 0.11% NaCl diets. Mean Na excretions in R and S were 5.3 and 4.6 muEq/min/100 g kidney before ANF.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6539301 TI - Effect of pertussigen on inflammation caused by Freund adjuvant. AB - Pertussigen, one of the toxins from Bordetella pertussis, greatly increased the inflammatory response produced by complete Freund adjuvant in the footpads of mice. This effect was not produced by pertussigen when the emulsion was made with saline and incomplete Freund adjuvant, but if an antigen was included in incomplete Freund adjuvant, the strong potentiating effect was again demonstrated. As little as 100 ng of pertussigen given intravenously was effective, but 400 ng proved better, and this latter dose was used routinely. The most striking action occurred when pertussigen was injected on the same day or 3 days after complete Freund adjuvant, but an effect was demonstrated when given from 3 days before to 6 days after complete Freund adjuvant. The action of pertussigen was not apparent until about 6 to 8 days after complete Freund adjuvant. The footpad swelling reached its maximum by day 14 and remained undiminished until day 29. Forty days later, a significant effect was still present. Histologically, the cellular infiltrate in the feet of mice injected with complete Freund adjuvant was more intense in animal treated with pertussigen. Nude BALB/c mice receiving an emulsion of complete Freund adjuvant in the footpads did not respond with an increased inflammation after receiving pertussigen, suggesting the possible involvement of T cells in this phenomenon. The intense and prolonged inflammatory response produced in pertussigen-treated mice by Freund adjuvant containing antigenic substances may serve as a useful model to study chronic inflammation. PMID- 6539302 TI - Origins of serum IgE and of the homocytotropic antibody-secreting cells in the thoracic duct lymph of rats infested with Nippostrongylus brasiliensis. AB - Mesenteric lymphadenectomy caused a marked reduction in the amounts of both parasite-specific and total IgE in the serum of Nippostrongylus brasiliensis infested rats. This was accompanied by reduced quantities of IgE in the thoracic duct lymph, showing that the mesenteric lymph node is of great importance in the generation of the elevated IgE levels which accompany this infestation. Conversely, the intestinal lamina propria and the Peyer's patches did not appear to be significant contributors to either thoracic duct lymph or serum IgE levels. Homocytotropic antibody-secreting cells specific for parasite antigens were detected in the thoracic duct lymph of lymphadenectomized rats and are believed to arise directly from the gut mucosa and possibly from Peyer's patches. PMID- 6539303 TI - Haemodialysis and testicular function. AB - Gonadal dysfunction in men with chronic renal failure is well established. However, the effect of haemodialysis on the function of the testis has not been studied in detail, so we have investigated the effect of haemodialysis by measuring the plasma levels of testosterone and dihydrotestosterone, SHBG binding capacity and salivary levels of testosterone. Plasma levels of testosterone, dihydrotestosterone and salivary testosterone levels were significantly lower in patients on haemodialysis than in controls. There was also a reduction in 5 alpha reductase activity as evidenced by a reduced 5 alpha DHT/T ratio. SHBG levels were comparable to those found in eugonadal men. No differences were found in the parameters studied before and after 6 h haemodialysis. It is concluded that haemodialysis is not of obvious benefit to gonadal function. PMID- 6539304 TI - Tissue type plasminogen activator, but not urokinase, exerts transformation enhancing activity. AB - Previous studies have established that plasma cryoprecipitates of tumor patients, culture media of transformed cells and defined proteolytic fragments of fibronectin enhance the morphological cell transformation ( TEF activity) in cultures of chicken embryo fibroblasts infected with temperature-sensitive mutants of Rous sarcoma virus. We now report that purified human tissue type plasminogen activator (t-PA), but not urokinase (u-PA), has a similar TEF activity, at doses as low as 2 ng/ml (30 pM). Specific antibodies effectively neutralized the activity. No significant contamination (less than or equal to 1%) between the preparations of t-PA and fibronectin (FN) or its fragments ( FNdp ) was detected. The results suggest that t-PA may have a direct role in the process of morphological cell transformation in vitro. PMID- 6539305 TI - Establishment of an etoposide-resistant human epithelial tumour cell line in vitro: characterization of patterns of cross-resistance and drug sensitivities. AB - A human tumour cell line resistant to etoposide ( VP16 -213) has been produced by fractionated X-irradiation exposure in vitro. Characterization of this line, derived from an epithelioid carcinoma of the tongue, revealed no significant differences in terms of several cytological and kinetic parameters compared with the parent line. Patterns of cross-resistance and drug sensitivities were determined by colony formation in soft agar after 24 h drug exposures. Three patterns of response were observed with the VP16 -213-resistant cells showing: marked cross-resistance to vincristine and teniposide , collateral sensitivity to 5- fluorouracil , hydroxyurea and cis-platinum, and comparable responses to the parent line for adriamycin, bleomycin, dibromodulcitol and methotrexate. This is the first demonstration that specific drug resistance can be induced by prior exposure to X-irradiation in vitro. This cell line appears to show a unique lack of cross-resistance between adriamycin and vincristine or etoposide. Preliminary investigations into possible mechanisms of etoposide resistance demonstrated similar DNA sedimentation profiles after etoposide exposure in both tumour cell lines, implying no differential effects of this drug on DNA of resistant cells. These data raise the possibility that the expression and mechanism of resistance may differ, depending on the manner in which drug resistance is induced. PMID- 6539306 TI - A study of cellular immunity in clinically healthy children of parents with leprosy in northern Thailand. AB - A study was done of the response to PPD-tuberculin, candida and the tuberculin conversion rate after BCG vaccination among 302 healthy children in northern Thailand. The children were grouped according to whether their parent(s) or other household contact(s) had tuberculoid leprosy (74 children), lepromatous leprosy (47 children), or all family members were healthy (181 children). No significant differences were detected in the responses to candida or PPD-tuberculin on initial skin testing or in the history of a previous BCG vaccination in the three groups of children. However, among the children who were initially tuberculin negative, significantly decreased PPD conversion rates occurred in children from lepromatous families in comparison to those from tuberculoid families (p less than 0.01) or normal families (p less than 0.05). In the children from lepromatous families who were initially PPD and candida negative, 0 of 3 developed PPD-tuberculin conversions after BCG in comparison to 12 of 14 (85.7%) from normal families (p = 0.015). These data indicate that some children from lepromatous families were relatively unresponsive to stimulation with BCG and possibly other mycobacterial vaccines. The immunopathogenesis of this relative unresponsiveness should be further defined, since it might have important implications for the prevention of leprosy with a vaccine. PMID- 6539307 TI - In vivo effect of clofazimine in the lysosomal enzyme level and immune complex phagocytosis of mouse peritoneal macrophages. AB - The effects of clofazimine on macrophages obtained from mice fed by gavage with various drug concentrations were studied. The results obtained demonstrated an increase in the activity of various lysosomal enzymes and in the amount of labeled immune complexes phagocytosed at drug concentrations of 1 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg body weight. This confirms and extends the effects reported by us of clofazimine's action on the lysosomal apparatus. PMID- 6539308 TI - A study of blood ascorbic acid in leprosy. AB - The basal level of blood ascorbic acid was studied in 70 cases of polar leprosy. The level was found to be significantly reduced in both polar types, more so in tuberculoid. In untreated cases of these two polar forms, the differences were highly significant. No significant differences were found between untreated and treated cases of either form of leprosy, indicating that dapsone (DDS) has no effect on the ascorbic acid level. In lepromatous leprosy, the level was not affected by erythema nodosum leprosum (ENL). The deficiency of ascorbic acid in leprosy might be due to the disease per se and/or associated with nutritional factors. In trophic ulcers after supplement therapy for 60 days, the low level of ascorbic acid became close to the control group with marked improvement in the healing of the ulcers clinically. In addition, lactic and pyruvic acids were also measured and found to be significantly raised. After ascorbic acid supplement, the levels fell to near the control values, indicating that ascorbic acid played a role in controlling the infection as well as possible thiamine deficiency and also checked the disturbance caused by DDS on lactate and pyruvate metabolism. The present study suggested that supplementing DDS therapy with ascorbic acid might provide a beneficial effect on the general condition of the leprosy patients and the early healing of trophic ulcers. PMID- 6539309 TI - Sural nerve biopsy in leprosy patients after varying periods of treatment: histopathological and bacteriological findings on light microscopy. AB - As part of a larger study of nerve biopsies from leprosy patients in Ethiopia for the presence of muramidase (lysozyme), sections were also examined by light microscopy after staining with hematoxylin and eosin for cellular infiltrate and a modification of the Ziehl-Neelsen stain for leprosy bacilli. The muramidase findings will be reported separately. This paper describes the infiltrative and bacterial findings in a group of 18 patients, including four with nonlepromatous forms of leprosy who were suffering from delayed hypersensitivity reaction at the time of biopsy. The findings were unexpectedly interesting and revealing. Lepromatous and borderline-lepromatous patients all showed endoneurial and perineurial infiltration of considerable extent and, in several instances, bacilli were wide-spread from one end of the biopsy to the other; in two patients, solid-staining bacilli and globi were found, indicating relapse. In all except two of the nonlepromatous patients (mainly borderline-tuberculoid) there was an extensive and severe granulomatous infiltration, and in one case there was marked caseation in the endoneurial zone. Within the limits of the present study, the findings indicate that biopsy of a peripheral nerve, even when it is not obviously associated with a skin lesion, may reveal pathological changes which are greater in degree than those suggested by skin biopsy or clinical examination. These observations in a somewhat heterogeneous group of patients treated for varying periods of time, and in a study which was not prospectively planned, suggest that similar observations in a larger group of untreated and treated patients, including those who have relapsed, may be of value. PMID- 6539310 TI - Leprosy of the larynx: a clinicopathological study. AB - Ten established cases of lepromatous leprosy with laryngeal involvement are reported, and their clinical and histopathological findings are discussed with a brief review of the literature. PMID- 6539311 TI - Wild Mexican armadillo with leprosy-like infection. PMID- 6539312 TI - Testicular biopsy in antispermatozoal antibody positive tuberculoid leprosy patients. PMID- 6539313 TI - Subjective tinnitus in children with otological disorders. AB - Children attending ENT and audiology clinics and a further group interviewed in the partially hearing units of their schools have been questioned about tinnitus. A total of 79 children reported tinnitus during the course of the study. A wide variety of descriptions were given. Only 10 of the subjects found the symptom annoying. Only 17 of them could say when their tinnitus began. Of a group of 66 children with secretory otitis media, 43.9% reported tinnitus, while amongst 44 children with sensorineural hearing loss the incidence was 29.5%. Tinnitus is a common phenomenon in children with ear disease, but it is seldom reported spontaneously. PMID- 6539314 TI - Aetiological diagnosis in hearing-impaired children--clinical value and application of a modern examination programme. AB - The clinical value and applicability of an examination programme aimed at identification and diagnosis of hearing loss was investigated. A total of 32 children born during the period 1970-1980 with a permanent hearing loss greater than or equal to 35 dB HL was subjected to both audiological and non-audiological test procedures, included in the examination programme. The criterion for selection of the children was hearing impairment of unknown aetiology. Based on the examination procedures, an aetiological/nosological classification could be obtained in 63% (20/32) of the children, while the aetiology remained unknown in 37% (12/32). When incorporating these data in the data of a previous epidemiological investigation an aetiological classification could be established in 89% (105/117). The present investigation demonstrates that extensive interdisciplinary cooperation with physicians outside the field of audiology is necessary for the aetiological diagnosis of hearing impairment in childhood. However, extensive interdisciplinary cooperation meets with severe practical problems. These may be overcome by the establishment of assessment centres at which trained physicians can examine and discuss the individual hearing-impaired child, and in addition exchange information from their own disciplines. Thus, more precise and valid data on the aetiological factors of hearing impairment may be obtained and in addition preventative methods taken into account. In this way a reduced prevalence of hearing impairment in childhood may be achieved. PMID- 6539315 TI - Uterine sarcomas in Israeli patients: a clinicopathological study. AB - Reassessment of the pathological slides of 31 Israeli patients confirmed the initial diagnosis of uterine sarcoma in 28 cases. The review diagnosis of the histological subcategory was not always identical with the original one. The most common tumor (32.1%) was mixed heterologous sarcoma. Abnormal bleeding was the most common symptom and a presumed myomatous uterus the most common clinical finding. Although almost half the patients were diagnosed in Stage I, the overall survival was 26%. Survival was influenced by both the stage at diagnosis and the histological category. PMID- 6539316 TI - Circulating somatomedin-C levels in nephropathic cystinosis. PMID- 6539317 TI - Influence of steroids on the prevention or aggravation of stress gastric ulcer in rats. PMID- 6539318 TI - Bromocriptine-responsive idiopathic edema. PMID- 6539319 TI - Metabolism of 51Cr, 54Mn, 59Fe and 60Co in lactating dairy cows. AB - Different radionuclides which can be released by nuclear installations (Na2(51) CrO4 , 54MnCl2 , 59FeCl3 and 60CoCl2 ) were given to lactating dairy cows either orally or by intravenous (i.v.) injection. Excretion into feces and urine as well as secretion into milk were followed for several weeks. Distribution of activity in organs was determined at sacrifice 102 days after oral and 70 days after i.v. administration. After ingestion, excretion of chromate followed a three-term exponential function with half-lives of 0.88, 3.7 and 26 days. Intestinal absorption was on the order of 0.1-0.2%. About 63% of injected chromate was excreted into urine, about 18% into feces and about 3.6% into milk. Orally administered chromate was concentrated in liver, intestine and spleen. The transfer coefficient into milk was about 1 X 10(-5) days/1. Less than 1% of an ingested dose of manganese was absorbed. Excretion occurred mainly into feces and followed a three-term exponential function. Very little manganese was excreted into urine or secreted into milk. Manganese is concentrated in brain, pancreas, kidney and heart but the differences in concentration are small. The body burden is, therefore, mainly determined by manganese in muscle, skin and bone. The transfer coefficient of manganese into milk is about 3 X 10(-5). Excretion of iron into feces after oral administration follows a three-term exponential function with a small component having a half-life of 72 days. Intestinal absorption is on the order of 0.5-2% of the dose. After i.v. administration, 7% of the dose is excreted in the feces displaying two components of turnover. Very little iron is excreted into urine. Secretion into milk also follows a two-term exponential function. The transfer coefficient of iron into milk is about 3 X 10( 5). About 0.6% of an oral and about 94% of an i.v. dose were recovered from the cows at sacrifice. Most activity was present in blood, liver and spleen. Excretion of radiocobalt into feces after oral administration is described by a three-term exponential function, while excretion into milk and urine is described by two-term exponential functions. Long-lived components in urine and milk represent about 5-10% of the activity absorbed. Only 1-2% of an oral cobalt dose is absorbed and 0.05% of an oral and 5.85% of an i.v. dose is recovered from the cow at sacrifice where concentrations are highest in kidney and thyroid. The body burden depends mainly on cobalt in muscle, skin and bone. The transfer coefficient of cobalt into milk is about 7.5 X 10(-5). PMID- 6539320 TI - [Perinatal and neonatal mortality and morbidity in central Switzerland in 1982. An analysis of all newborns in a geographically circumscribed region]. AB - In assessment of the perinatal situation in Central Switzerland, all 5616 infants born in the geographically surrounding areas of the Children's Hospital Lucerne have been statistically evaluated, according to birth place, birth weight, gestational age, perinatal condition, and postnatal development. 76 infants (1.4%) were born at home, 417 births (7.5%) took place before the completed 37th gestational week. Only 5.8% of our newborns had weights below the 10th percentile according to the Winterthur percentile curves used in Switzerland. The perinatal mortality was 12.9%, the neonatal mortality 7.1%. 2/3 of the deaths concern either extremely premature babies or infants with severe congenital malformations. The recorded malformations coincide with the known incidence, with the exception of trisomy 21, which marked an incidence of 1:1400. 8% of all live born babies (499) needed special neonatal care. Among the preterm infants, every 2nd, and among the full-term babies every 12th had to be transferred to the neonatal care unit. Most of the transferrals were due to simple disturbances of adaptation (6% of all live-borns), whereas 1% required intensive care because of severe disorders. In 50 babies (1% of all live-borns), the neonatal diagnosis allows to anticipate a reduction of the quality of life. PMID- 6539321 TI - [Diagnosis and therapy of seromucous otitis. Experience with 2766 operations on children]. AB - We compared tympanometric patterns with the type of ear effusion on 1693 ears of children with chronic seromucous otitis. There was no exact agreement between the tympanograms and the viscosity of the middle ear effusion. We inserted ventilating tubes in 943 of 2766 ears with SOM. A tube was only used if there was mucus in the middle ear. In cases of thin fluid we used myringotomy alone. A test to find the best tube is discussed. For a child with SOM the insertion of a ventilation tube is so helpful and complications so rare that in our opinion there is no better way of treatment. The complications are probably related more to the underlying disease than to the ventilation tube. PMID- 6539322 TI - Albumin-induced plasma volume expansion: diurnal and temperature effects. AB - To develop a reliable procedure for the acute expansion of plasma volume (PV), 26 male volunteers were randomly assigned to either a thermoneutral (25 degrees C and 40% relative humidity) or hot-dry (37 degrees C and 25% relative humidity) environment; subsequently each subject was seated for at least 1 h and then infused intravenously with either 100 or 200 ml of a 25% albumin solution or 0.9% saline. On the day before each infusion, PV was estimated by dye dilution using indocyanine green. Net percent change in PV (using hematocrit and hemoglobin values) was calculated at 1, 3, 6, 9, 12, and 24 h postinfusion. The PV of subjects residing in the heat after a 100-ml saline infusion increased significantly over 1-h values at 6, 9, and 12 h postinfusion but not at 24 h. The same trend, although not significant, was apparent at room temperature. The data suggest a slow isooncotic circadian pattern of PV expansion and contraction. The infusion of hyperoncotic albumin produced rapid expansion of plasma volume. With the low dose (25 g) at 1 h postinfusion, the expansion was 379 +/- 102 ml in the heat and 301 +/- 160 ml at room temperature. With the high dose (50 g) at 1 h postinfusion, the expansion was 479 +/- 84 ml in the heat and 427 +/- 147 ml at room temperature. The high dose produced an expansion that persisted for at least 9 h in subjects in either environment. The data suggest a mechanism for the retention of fluid during heat acclimatization and a useful procedure for plasma volume expansion in humans. PMID- 6539323 TI - Eosinophils in equine uterine cytology and histology specimens. AB - In a review of specimens from 80 mares with concurrently collected endometrial biopsy and cytology preparations, eosinophils were found in 33 specimens from 27 mares. In 22 of 27 mares, there were conditions predisposing to pneumovagina, which presumably led to pneumouterus. Thirty-two of the 80 mares also had conditions predisposing to pneumovagina but no eosinophils in the uterine specimens. Experimental introduction of air into the uterus of 3 mares resulted in eosinophils in their uterine specimens. PMID- 6539324 TI - Vascular neoplasia in the skin of horses. AB - Of 21 vascular tumors in equine skin, 18 were histologically benign (hemangiomas) and 3 were malignant (hemangiosarcomas). Of the 18 hemangiomas, 12 were in horses less than or equal to 1 year old, and 6 of these horses were born with the lesions. The 3 horses with hemangiosarcomas ranged from 8.5 to 13 years of age. PMID- 6539325 TI - Reproductive performance in a diallel cross among lines of mice selected for litter size and body weight. AB - Genetic factors affecting female reproductive performance in lines of mice with a known history of selection were estimated from a 5 X 5 diallel cross. Lines were selected as follows: large litter size at birth (L+); large 6-wk body weight (W+); an index for large litter size and small 6-wk body weight (L+W-); the complementary index (L-W+) and randomly (K). Partitioning of direct and correlated responses for litter size, 6-wk body weight and related traits into average direct genetic (li) and average maternal genetic (mi) effects indicated that the magnitude of differences in li exceeded those in mi. Lines having positive responses in li were W+ greater than L+ greater than L-W+ for dam body weight, L+ greater than L+W- greater than W+ for litter size and L+ greater than (W+, L+W-) for litter birth weight, whereas L-W+ responded negatively for litter size. A positive association was found between mi for litter size and dam body weight, W+ and L-W+ being high and L+ and L+W- low for both traits. Female infertility and time from male exposure to parturition had relatively small correlated responses. Line rankings in general combining ability (gi) and net line effects were similar for the respective traits. Depending upon the line and trait involved, the relative contribution of average direct genetic and line direct heterotic (hi) effects to general combining ability [gi = (1/2) li + hi] varied. Line heterosis refers to average heterosis in crosses involving that line. Direct heterosis ( hij ) for each trait differed considerably among crosses. The three crosses showing the highest hij for litter size at birth, W+ X L-W+ (1.78), L+ X W+ (1.28) and L-W+ X L+W- (1.22), possibly had loci contributing directional dominance to litter size with frequencies of parental lines deviating in opposite directions relative to mean gene frequency. The correlation between absolute difference in parental line means and hij for litter size was not significant, suggesting that the magnitudes of absolute differences in parental means were not reliable predictors of divergence in gene frequency. Crossbred performance increased linearly with midparent values for litter size at birth (b = .88 +/- .09, R2 = .92) and dam parturition body weight (b = 1.13 +/- .04, R2 = .99), the latter trait showing an increase (P less than .01) in heterosis as midparent values increased. PMID- 6539326 TI - In-vitro activity of aztreonam in combination with four other antibiotics against gram-negative bacilli and Staphylococcus aureus. PMID- 6539327 TI - Treatment of a Salmonella carrier with aztreonam. PMID- 6539328 TI - Mating pheromone-induced alteration of cell surface proteins in the heterobasidiomycetous yeast Tremella mesenterica. AB - Mating pheromone-induced alteration of the cell surface proteins of haploid cells, presumed to play crucial roles in the specific cell-cell interactions during sexual conjugation of Tremella mesenterica , was investigated. Exposed surface proteins were revealed by lactoperoxidase-catalyzed iodination in combination with polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and autoradiography. From comparison of the molecular species of 125I-labeled surface proteins of the vegetative and the gamete (mating pheromone-treated) cells of the two compatible mating types (ab and AB), it was suggested that a striking change in cell surface structure occurs during the differentiation; although labeled protein species of the vegetative cells of the two mating types were indistinguishable, several new species, both mating type specific and nonspecific, appeared in the gamete cells. Turnover of the labeled proteins of the vegetative cells was negligible, whereas that of the gamete cells was rapid with release of low-molecular-weight labeled proteins in the medium. A role for the labeled surface proteins of the gamete cells in the cell-cell interactions during sexual conjugation was suggested by the following: the surface changes were induced by mating pheromone; the labeled proteins were preferentially localized on the surface of the mating tube; the labeled species appeared sequentially during the differentiation; and mating type specific species were present in both mating types. PMID- 6539329 TI - Bipolar illness preceded by anorexia nervosa in identical twins. AB - Concordant bipolar illness in a set of identical twins, preceded in one twin by anorexia nervosa, is described. The literature on monozygotic twins discordant for anorexia nervosa and on the relationship between anorexia nervosa and affective illness is briefly reviewed. It is concluded that familial affective disorders can predispose adolescent females to develop anorexia nervosa. PMID- 6539330 TI - The critical concentration of actin in the presence of ATP increases with the number concentration of filaments and approaches the critical concentration of actin.ADP. AB - F-actin at steady state in the presence of ATP partially depolymerized to a new steady state upon mechanical fragmentation. The increase in critical concentration with the number concentration of filaments has been quantitatively studied. The data can be explained by a model in which the preferred pathway for actin association-dissociation reactions at steady state in the presence of ATP involves binding of G-actin . ATP to filaments, ATP hydrolysis, and dissociation of G-actin . ADP which is then slowly converted to G-actin . ATP. As a consequence of the slow exchange of nucleotide on G-actin, the respective amounts of G-actin . ATP and G-actin . ADP coexisting with F-actin at steady state depend on the filament number concentration. G-actin coexisting with F-actin at zero number concentration of filaments would then consist of G-actin . ATP only, while the critical concentration obtained at infinite number of filaments would be that for G-actin . ADP. Values of 0.35 and 8 microM, respectively, were found for these two extreme critical concentrations for skeletal muscle actin at 20 degrees C, pH 7.8, 0.1 mM CaCl2, 1 mM MgCl2, and 0.2 mM ATP. The same value of 8 microM was directly measured for the critical concentration of G-actin . ADP polymerized in the presence of ADP and absence of ATP, and it was unaffected by fragmentation. These results have important implications for experiments in which critical concentrations are compared under conditions that change the filament number concentrations. PMID- 6539331 TI - The platelet cytoskeleton contains elements of the prothrombinase complex. AB - Triton-insoluble cytoskeletons prepared from thrombin-activated platelets were found to potentiate the activation of prothrombin (prothrombinase activity). Cytoskeletons prepared from red cells or lymphoblasts contained no prothrombinase activity. The platelet prothrombinase activity was dependent on cytoskeletal associated Factor Va, and exogenously added Factor Xa and prothrombin. Cytoskeletons contained 38% of the total platelet prothrombinase activity. Both platelets and cytoskeletons displayed half-maximal activities at similar prothrombin concentrations. The role of lipids in the cytoskeletal prothrombinase activity was investigated. Cytoskeletons were found to contain 3.8% of the total platelet phospholipids, consisting of the following lipids expressed as percentage of total present in platelets: 6.0% sphingomyelin, 3.8% phosphatidylcholine, 2.9% phosphatidyl-ethanolamine, 4.4% phosphatidylinositol, and 2.2% phosphatidylserine. The cytoskeletal prothrombinase activity and the lipid phosphorus content of cytoskeletons decreased after treatment of cytoskeletons with various doses of phospholipase C. Incubation of cytoskeletons with the highest concentrations tested (10 micrograms/ml) resulted in a 72% loss of phosphatidylserine and 84% loss of cytoskeletal prothrombinase activity. Cytoskeletal prothrombinase activity destroyed by phospholipase C treatment could be restored to control levels by treatment of hydrolyzed cytoskeletons with total cytoskeletal lipid or mixtures of phosphatidylserine/phosphatidylcholine (25:75% by weight). These results suggest that the cytoskeletal prothrombinase complex in addition to containing Factor Va, as has been previously shown (15), contains a lipid cofactor activity consisting in part of phosphatidylserine. PMID- 6539332 TI - Immunochemical studies on blood groups. Purification and characterization of radioactive 3H-reduced di- to hexasaccharides produced by alkaline beta elimination-borohydride 3H reduction of Smith degraded blood group A active glycoproteins. AB - Treatment of blood group A active glycoprotein from human ovarian cyst fluid by one stage of Smith degradation followed by alkaline beta-elimination in the presence of NaB[ 3H4 ] (Carlson degradation) liberated tritiated oligosaccharide alditols. The carbohydrate mixture was fractionated by gel filtration, elution from charcoal, paper chromatography, and high pressure liquid chromatography. Structures were established based on sugar composition, periodate oxidation, methylation analysis, and analysis of oligosaccharide alditols as permethylated and N-trifluoroacetylated derivatives by gas-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. The following structures have been deduced: Gal beta 1----3GalNAc ol, GlcNAc beta 1---- 6GalNAc -ol, Gal beta 1---- 3GlcNAc beta 1----6(3 deoxy)GalNAc-ol, Gal beta 1---- 3GlcNAc beta 1---- 6GalNAc -ol, Gal beta 1--- 4GlcNAc beta 1---- 6GalNAc -ol, GlcNAc beta 1----3Gal beta 1----3GalNAc-ol, Gal beta 1----3[GlcNAc beta 1----6]GalNAc-ol, Gal beta 1----3[Gal beta 1----4GlcNAc beta 1----6]GalNAc-ol, Gal beta 1---- 3GlcNAc beta 1----3Gal beta 1----3GalNAc ol, GlcNAc beta 1----3Gal beta 1----4GlcNAc beta 1---- 6GalNAc -ol, GlcNAc beta 1 ---3Gal beta 1----3[Gal beta 1----4GlcNAc beta 1----6]GalNAc-ol, Gal beta 1---- 3GlcNAc beta 1----3Gal beta 1---- 3GlcNAc beta 1----3Gal beta 1----3Gal beta 1--- 3GalNAc-ol, Gal beta 1---- 3GlcNAc beta 1----3[Gal beta 1----4GlcNAc beta 1--- 6]Gal beta 1----3GalNAc-ol, Gal beta 1---- 3GlcNAc beta 1----3Gal beta 1----3[Gal beta 1----4GlcNAc beta 1----6]GalNAc-ol. The smaller structures represent pieces of the larger structures. Together they provide direct evidence for the core structure of the carbohydrate side chains in the blood group substances as proposed by K. O. Lloyd and E. A. Kabat [1968) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 61, 1470-1477). Oligosaccharides previously isolated after Carlson degradation of intact human ovarian cyst fluid HLeb , Lea, and B substances and from human and horse B substances contained various alpha-linked L- fucopyranose and alpha linked Gal substitutions on the composite structure.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6539334 TI - Human hemoglobin Portland II (zeta 2 beta 2). Isolation and characterization of Portland hemoglobin components and their constituent globin chains. AB - Two types of embryonic hemoglobins (Hb) containing zeta chains have been identified in the blood of several neonates of Chinese origin with homozygous alpha-thalassemia. In addition to Hb Portland I (zeta 2 gamma 2) which was previously reported, another embryonic hemoglobin has been detected and found to contain zeta chains and beta chains. It is being designated Hb Portland II and has the formula (zeta 2 beta 2). It has a mobility slightly slower than that of Hb A on starch gel electrophoresis at pH 8.6 and has been found in the hemolysates of blood of some but not all hydropic infants. Another component with a mobility faster than that of Hb A2 on starch gel has been isolated from the blood of some hydropic neonates. This latter component is postulated to be zeta 2 delta 2. The occurrence of Hb Portland I and Hb Portland II in these hydropic neonates is consistent with the hypothesis that, in the absence of normal alpha chain production, zeta chains are continued to be produced at later states of development than normal and form tetramers with each of the beta-like globin chains. Because Hb Portland II has not been found in blood from all hydropic neonates, we postulate that the presence of this hemoglobin in these fetuses may be correlated with the gestational age of the fetus at the time of birth. PMID- 6539333 TI - Isolation and characterization of a urokinase-type plasminogen activator (Mr = 54,000) from cultured human endothelial cells indistinguishable from urinary urokinase. AB - A urokinase-type plasminogen activator secreted by subcultured normal human umbilical vein endothelial cells was purified and compared to urinary urokinase (Mr = 54,000). The enzyme was isolated from serum-free conditioned medium in the presence of 0.1% (v/v) Triton X-100 by p-aminobenzamidine-agarose affinity chromatography, followed by Sephacryl S-200 gel filtration, followed by immunoadsorption chromatography on affinity purified specific anti-urokinase IgG Sepharose CL-4B. This plasminogen activator form was obtained from the culture medium with a yield of about 47% and specific activity of about 93,000 IU/mg of protein, and represented approximately 18% of the total multiple molecular plasminogen activator activity forms present in endothelial cell conditioned medium. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the purified enzyme showed a single band of plasminogen activator activity with an estimated molecular weight of about 54,000 that was completely inhibited by diisopropyl fluorophosphate (DFP) as well as a single band of radioactivity with similar molecular weight for both the isolated L-[4,5-3H]leucine and [3H]DFP-labeled enzyme. The radiolabeled protein focused as a single major band with a pI value of pH 8.5. The endothelial cell activator and urokinase appeared to be identical in terms of sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, location of the [3H]DFP-labeled active site in the Mr = 33,000 heavy chain and [3H]DFP labeled active site tryptic peptide, and two-dimensional 125I-labeled tryptic peptide maps. In quenching experiments of the fibrinolytic activities using affinity purified specific anti-urokinase IgG the endothelial cell-derived activator and urokinase appeared to be immunochemically identical, but unrelated to tissue plasminogen activator. These results indicate that the Mr = 54,000 urokinase-type plasminogen activator from cultured normal human endothelial cells is similar to, or identical with, Mr = 54,000 urinary urokinase. PMID- 6539335 TI - Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy. The use of a diathermy loop for septal resection. AB - The report describes the use of diathermy loop to resect the left ventricular component of the hypertrophied septum in hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM). The technique is simple to perform and is able to reduce significantly the systolic pressure gradient across the left ventricular outflow tract. PMID- 6539336 TI - A new method of preparing embeddment-free sections for transmission electron microscopy: applications to the cytoskeletal framework and other three dimensional networks. AB - Diethylene glycol distearate is used as a removable embedding medium to produce embeddment -free sections for transmission electron microscopy. The easily cut sections of this material float and form ribbons in a water-filled knife trough and exhibit interference colors that aid in the selection of sections of equal thickness. The images obtained with embeddment -free sections are compared with those from the more conventional epoxy-embedded sections, and illustrate that embedding medium can obscure important biological structures, especially protein filament networks. The embeddment -free section methodology is well suited for morphological studies of cytoskeletal preparations obtained by extraction of cells with nonionic detergent in cytoskeletal stabilizing medium. The embeddment free section also serves to bridge the very different images afforded by embedded sections and unembedded whole mounts. PMID- 6539337 TI - Platelet activation and cytoskeletal reorganization: high voltage electron microscopic examination of intact and Triton-extracted whole mounts. AB - The sequential changes in the three-dimensional organization of the filamentous components of human platelets following surface activation were investigated in whole-mount preparations. Examination of intact and Triton-extracted platelets by high voltage electron microscopy provides morphological evidence of increased polymerization of actin into the filamentous form and an increased organization of the cytoskeletal elements after activation. The structure of resting platelets consists of the circumferential band of microtubules and a small number of microfilaments randomly arranged throughout a dense cytoplasmic matrix. Increased spreading is accompanied by cytoskeletal reorganization resulting in the development of distinct ultrastructural zones including the peripheral web, the outer filamentous zone, the "trabecular-like" inner filamentous zone, and the granulomere . These zones are present only in well-spread platelets during the late stages of surface activation and are retained following Triton extraction. Extraction of the less stable cytoplasmic components provides additional information about the underlying structure and filament interactions within each zone. PMID- 6539338 TI - Modulation by retinyl acetate of microfilament bundle formation in C3H/10T1/2 cells. AB - Retinyl acetate has been previously shown to inhibit carcinogen-induced neoplastic transformation in 10T1/2 cells and to accentuate many aspects of the nontransformed phenotype. Scanning electron microscopy of logarithmic phase 10T1/2 cells treated for 3 days with 0.3 micrograms/ml retinyl acetate revealed that this treatment caused extensive flattening of cells to the plastic substrate. In contrast the tumor promoter tetradecanoyl phorbol acetate, which antagonizes the antineoplastic activity of retinyl acetate, caused cell rounding and completely inhibited the action of retinyl acetate on cell morphology. During this same time course, the formation of microfilament bundles was also found to be modulated by retinyl acetate. Transmission electron micrographs of unsectioned peripheral regions of flattened cells showed that while the unit density of microfilament bundles was not influenced, the thickness of bundles, particularly those with a diameter of 100 nm or more, was increased by retinyl acetate. Tetradecanoyl phorbol acetate had little effect on microfilament bundle diameters but did partially antagonize the action of retinyl acetate. To determine if this increase was associated with an increase in total actin/cell, total cell proteins, and proteins not extractable by glycerol-triton extraction, were subjected to sodium dodecylsulfate/ polyacrylamide gel electro-phoresis. It was found that while total cellular actin was not increased by retinyl acetate, the proportion of nonextractable actin (which includes microfilament bundles) increased from 65% to 88% of total actin. This increase was not inhibited by inhibitors of protein or RNA synthesis. These studies again demonstrate that retinyl acetate accentuates the nontransformed phenotype of 10T1/2 cells; it is hypothesized that these actions are related to the antineoplastic activity of retinoids. PMID- 6539339 TI - No change in plasma free testosterone ratio and plasma sex hormone-binding globulin concentration during hCG stimulation. AB - Plasma sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) levels and free testosterone ratios were determined independently after administration of hCG for 4 consecutive days to eight normal men. Correcting for nonspecific dihydrotestosterone binding, no changes in plasma SHBG were found. The free testosterone ratio, measured by equilibrium dialysis, did not change despite doubling of total plasma testosterone. The increase in plasma testosterone after hCG stimulation was due to increased production only, with equivalent changes in free testosterone concentration, and was not a result of changes in SHBG concentration. PMID- 6539340 TI - Trials of PIA (Cisplatin, Ifosfamide Adriamycin) therapy on bladder cancer. PMID- 6539341 TI - Motion of myosin filaments due to interaction of the two-headed myosin crossbridge with two actin filaments. AB - A model of a two-headed myosin crossbridge, whose motion is realized by alternate stepping of its two heads on two actin filaments, is proposed. The geometrical possibility of such crossbridge stepping in contracting skeletal muscle is shown, provided that a free myosin head can bind to an actin filament at a right angle and the attached one can tilt to a greater angle than 45 degrees. Motion of a myosin-like protein along actin filaments in Characean alga cells can proceed by a similar mechanism. PMID- 6539342 TI - Primary choriocarcinoma of the bladder evolving from a transitional cell carcinoma. AB - A 67 year old man presented with haematuria, which on investigation was shown to be derived from a bladder tumour. The tumour initially was a typical transitional cell carcinoma except for rare trophoblastic cells. Over the next year and a half it gradually evolved into a choriocarcinoma. Postmortem examination confirmed that this was a primary choriocarcinoma of the bladder with no other sites of derivation shown. PMID- 6539343 TI - Pharmacokinetic interaction of aztreonam with other antibiotics. AB - The pharmacokinetic interaction of the monobactam antibiotic aztreonam with cephradine, clindamycin, gentamicin, metronidazole, and nafcillin was investigated in five separate studies in 48 healthy male volunteers. All drugs were administered by 30-minute intravenous infusions in single-dose, three-way balanced cross-over studies. Drug levels were measured in serum, protein-free filtrate of serum, and urine. Small changes of no clinical significance were seen when aztreonam was given simultaneously with another antibiotic as compared with each drug alone. Maximum serum concentrations of aztreonam were reduced by 12.6 and 9.8 per cent when it was given with gentamicin and metronidazole, respectively. The percentage of serum aztreonam bound to protein fell by a maximum of 5.0 per cent when the monobactam was given in conjunction with nafcillin and rose by 5.1 per cent when accompanied by cephradine. Twenty-four hour cumulative urinary excretion of aztreonam and clindamycin rose by 5.2 and 10.9 per cent, respectively, when they were administered simultaneously. PMID- 6539344 TI - Morphological alterations in rat CA1 hippocampal pyramidal cell dendrites resulting from chronic ethanol consumption and withdrawal. AB - Hippocampal CA1 pyramidal cell dendrites were studied in rats after 5 months of consumption of an ethanol liquid diet and 5 months of ethanol diet followed by 2 months of withdrawal. Morphometric data were compared with those obtained from matched littermate, yoke -fed control animals. Dendritic branching in Golgi-Cox stained tissues was assessed by standard and modified Sholl analysis techniques and basilar dendrites were analysed three-dimensionally by computer. Five months of chronic ethanol consumption caused a significant decrease in the number of second-order basilar dendrites, 60-90 micron from the apical border of the cell layer. No significant changes in the neuronal density of CA1 or CA3 cells were found; however, the thickness of the strata oriens and radiatum of the CA1 field was significantly decreased in the ethanol-fed group. After 5 months of chronic ethanol consumption and 2 months of withdrawal, the thickness of the strata returned to control sizes and the frequency of proximal basilar branching recovered. Evidence of lengthening and new branching of distal basilar dendrites occurred in the third-, fourth-, and fifth-order segments when control animals 6 and 8 months of age were compared. During the 2-month period of withdrawal, the number and length of third-, fourth-, and fifth-order segments of basilar dendrites increased when compared to the nonwithdrawn ethanol group while the number and length of second- and third-order segments decreased. This is comparable to the changes seen during normal aging and suggests that withdrawal may interact with aging to produce enhanced dendritic growth in "compensation" for the developmental retardation induced by chronic ethanol intake. PMID- 6539345 TI - Metabolites of nucleic acids in bovine milk. AB - To investigate metabolites of nucleic acids in milk as by-products of protein biosynthesis, a method for determination of pyrimidine and purine compounds by reversed-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography was developed. Reproducibility of the measured compounds was 2%. Recovery of the main constituents averaged about 99%. In addition to orotic acid, allantoin, and uric acid, the free bases hypoxanthine, xanthine, and guanine, the ribonucleosides uridine, cytidine, and pseudouridine, and the ribonucleotides, guanosine 5'-monophosphate and cytidine 5'-monophosphate, were quantified in milk samples of Holstein-Friesian cows. Milk production from days 45 to 65 of lactation influenced concentrations of individual metabolites differently. Concentrations of orotic acid, allantoin, and uric acid decreased with increasing milk production, whereas concentrations of uridine, cytidine, pseudouridine, hypoxanthine, xanthine, and guanine remained unchanged. The results allowed conclusions on rate limiting steps of catabolic pathways of pyrimidines and purines and indicated relationships with protein biosynthesis. A possible role of metabolites of nucleic acids as taste factors and as substrates for milk microbes is suggested. PMID- 6539346 TI - Effects of production, season, age of cow, days dry, and days in milk on conception to first service in large commercial dairy herds. AB - Effects of management and environmental factors on reproductive performance were evaluated as part of a fertility experiment in four large commercial dairy herds. The herds were selected because they utilized routine herd health programs, kept complete reproduction records on all cows, were enrolled in Dairy Herd Improvement, and would follow the protocol of the experiment. Only data from first services following parturition were utilized, and conception was determined by rectal palpation. Information on over 2800 experimental breedings was collected during 13 mo. Percentage conception to first service was not affected by milk production during current or previous lactations. However, cows with higher production during current or previous lactations. However, cows with higher production during current or previous lactation had longer intervals to first service. Previous days dry did not affect conception or interval to first service significantly. Conception was less for cows with less than 50 days to first service (32%) than for cows with over 50 days to first service (49 to 57%). No differences were found among 10-day intervals to first service of over 50 days. Cows in third and later lactation had lower reproductive performance than cows in first or second lactation. Month of breeding did not affect conception significantly but did affect interval to first service. However, no seasonal trends were apparent. Differences among herds were significant for both conception and interval to first service. PMID- 6539347 TI - Calf mortality in Virginia Dairy Herd Improvement herds. AB - Information concerning heifer calf mortality and dairy herd management practices was obtained by survey of 407 Virginia Dairy Herd Improvement herds. Dairy producers, with the assistance of Dairy Herd Improvement supervisors, accounted for mortality of all heifer calves born from October 1, 1978 to March 31, 1979. Calf mortality was compared among herd sizes, fat and milk production, cow and calf housing systems, calving locations, and calf feeding practices. Average herd size was 82 cows with 87% of herds containing fewer than 120 cows. Mortality at birth and from birth through 3 mo of age averaged 1.2 and 6.5%. Mortality at birth was correlated .10 with herd size. Losses from birth through 3 mo of age were correlated .10 with age at weaning and -.16 with rolling yearly average milk and fat production. Relationship of mortality with other herd characteristics or management practices was negligible. PMID- 6539348 TI - Heats of combustion of chemically different lipids. AB - The caloric content of foods listed in food composition tables, such as the USDA Agriculture Handbook No. 8, is calculated by multiplying the gram amount of the protein, fat, and carbohydrate in the food by specific caloric factors derived around the turn of the century by Atwater and co-workers. To evaluate the accuracy of these specific caloric factors, we determined the heats of combustion of vegetable oils as purchased; of lipids extracted from red meats, chicken, fish, egg yolk, and cereal grains; and of the residue (protein) left after lipid extraction of the meats. These heats of combustion were converted to available energy values by the method of Atwater . The specific caloric factors used to calculate the caloric content of foods in Agriculture Handbook No. 8 and other tables of food composition may exaggerate the calories contributed by the lipids in some foods. When the food lipid was mainly triglyceride, the available energy values calculated in this study were within 2% of the specific factors used in Agriculture Handbook No. 8. However, when the food lipid had a high content of phospholipid, our calculated available energy values were lower than the specific factors used currently. The energy content of the fat-free residue (protein) of meat, poultry, and fish was also less than that currently used for those foods in food composition tables. PMID- 6539349 TI - [Fetal hypotrophy. Statistical analysis of placental changes]. AB - The purpose of this research was to study the relationship between placental characteristics and the degree of failure of growth between 37 and 41 weeks of pregnancy. The cases of severe small-for-dates (percentiles of 1 to 5) and moderate small-for-dates (percentiles of 6 to 10) were compared with a control series (percentiles of 11 to 90) with an equivalent gestational age. In both groups of small-for-dates babies one could find that the chorionic arteries and their trunks were of a lower diameter than those of the villi that were small and that there were sub- chorial deposits of fibrin in both groups. The greater number of placental abnormalities were found in those babies who were severely small-for-dates at a gestational age of between 37 and 39 weeks. The relationship between acute fetal distress and small for dates was analysed. There was little difference in the likelihood of fetal distress between the two groups of small for-dates babies, but there were differences between both groups and the control group. PMID- 6539350 TI - [Malignant degeneration in testicular feminization. Apropos of a case]. AB - The authors describe the main therapeutic features found in a case of testicular feminisation that became malignant. Bilateral gonadal ablation should be carried out after puberty for fear of malignancy. When cancer occurs treatment is best decided on the grounds of extension to the lymph nodes and the histological findings in the tumour. Where there is no extension to the lymph nodes, surgery should be carried out on the gonads with radiotherapy to the lymph nodes. If the tumour is not clearly a seminoma the lymph nodes should be removed before radiotherapy is started. PMID- 6539351 TI - Regression of pulmonary metastases from cloacogenic carcinoma after cis platinum/5-fluorouracil treatment. AB - An 68-year-old man with cloacogenic carcinoma of the anorectal area developed massive pulmonary metastases 4 years after diagnosis; 5-fluorouracil alone failed to cause regression of the lesion, but marked reduction in size of the lesions followed treatment with 2 monthly infusions of fluorouracil followed by low-dose cis-platinum. The remission has been maintained by monthly courses of cis platinum at a dose of 50 mg/m2, 30 minutes for 11 months. PMID- 6539352 TI - Molecular mechanisms of lymphocyte extravasation. II. Studies of in vitro lymphocyte adherence to high endothelial venules. AB - Lymphocyte migration from the blood into the lymph nodes in most species occurs across post-capillary high endothelial venules (HEV). In a previous study, we proposed that lymphocyte extravasation involves receptor-mediated binding followed by adenylate cyclase-dependent activation of lymphocyte motility. This hypothesis was, in part, based on observations of in vitro lymphocyte adherence to HEV by employing pertussigen, which is a known inhibitor of lymphocyte recirculation. In vitro lymphocyte-HEV binding requires a cold (6 degrees C) incubation step and binding is poor to nil if the assay is attempted at room (23 degrees C) or physiologic temperature. We decided to investigate why this assay is temperature restricted, because of the possibility that pertussigen or fucoidin -treated lymphocytes might interact with HEV differently at higher temperatures. We now report that O.C.T. compound (OCT), the embedding matrix generally used to cut frozen lymph node sections, is toxic to lymphocytes at temperatures above 6 degrees C. Exclusion of OCT from the assay system will allow lymphocyte-HEV binding to occur at 23 degrees C and to a lesser extent at 37 degrees C. With this modified protocol, lymphocytes treated with either pertussigen, fucoidin , or neuraminidase were tested for adherence to HEV at 23 degrees C. No essential difference in binding properties was observed from what had been reported at 6 degrees C. In contrast, trypsin-treated lymphocytes that did not bind to HEV with the standard technique at 6 degrees C did adhere to a minimal extent to HEV at 23 degrees C using the modified procedure. We also report some preliminary work, using the modified assay, on in vitro lymphocyte HEV binding of rat, rabbit, and guinea pig lymphocytes to sections of lymph nodes from the respective species. PMID- 6539353 TI - Characterization of antisera to cholecystokinin by use of different cholecystokinin labels. AB - Antisera raised against synthetic sulphated cholecystokinin (CCK 26-33) (n = 4) and against 30% pure porcine CCK (n = 11) were characterized by the use of different labelled CCK peptides. CCK 39 and CCK 26-33 were coupled to 125I by the chloramine-T method, while CCK 33 was conjugated to 125I-labelled hydroxyphenylpropionic acid-succinimide ester (Bolton-Hunter reagent). Antisera raised against CCK 26-33 bound to 125I-CCK 26-33 only. Of the antisera raised against 30% pure CCK, 2 bound to all 3 labels, 4 to 125I-BH-CCK 33 and 125I-CCK 26-33, 3 to 125I-CCK 39 and 125I-BH-CCK 33, 1 to 125I-CCK 26-33 only and 1 to 125I-BH-CCK 33 only. The antibodies reacting with 125I-CCK 26-33 bound also to 125I-gastrin 1-17. Different CCK labels bound to different binding sites in the same antiserum (antibody heterogeneity). The pattern of reactivity of the antiserum to CCK peptides was dependent on the type of label used. With these different labels, antibodies specific for CCK 39, for CCK 33 and CCK 39, for sulphated forms of CCK, and for all CCK peptides and gastrin could be detected. It is concluded that antisera raised against CCK should be characterized by use of different labelled CCK materials. PMID- 6539354 TI - Infectivity of a Venezuelan strain of Metarhizium anisopliae to Aedes aegypti larvae. PMID- 6539355 TI - Acremonium strictum-related pulmonary infection in a patient with chronic granulomatous disease. PMID- 6539356 TI - Antigenic characteristics of isolates associated with a new epizootic of raccoon rabies in the United States. AB - A panel of 23 monoclonal antibodies to the nucleocapsid protein of rabies virus was used to study the antigenic character of isolates of rabies virus from raccoons in the mid-Atlantic region of the United States. Comparison of the reaction pattern of these isolates with that of isolates of rabies virus collected from areas of major rabies outbreaks (skunk rabies in the midwestern United States, fox rabies in the northeastern United States, and raccoon rabies in the southeastern United States) suggests that this new epizootic originated with the transportation of rabid raccoons from the southeastern United States. PMID- 6539357 TI - A mouse model for Niemann-Pick disease: phospholipid class and fatty acid composition of various tissues. AB - Recently, a strain of mice bearing an autosomal recessive gene, spm, has been described. On the basis of clinical and pathological findings these mice have been suggested as a useful model of human Niemann-Pick disease. Phospholipids and their fatty acid compositions were analyzed for liver, spleen, whole brain, erythrocytes, and blood plasma from "Niemann-Pick"animals (spm/spm) and heterozygous controls (spm/+). Sphingomyelin and bis(monoacylglycero)phosphate accumulated in the liver and spleen of the affected mice, whereas no significant proportional change of phospholipids was observed in the whole brain. The phospholipid composition in erythrocytes and blood plasma of the homozygous mice was not different from that of the heterozygous controls. The fatty acyl chain profile of accumulated bis(monoacylglycero)phosphate was characterized by the high content (more than 80%) of unsaturated fatty acids; the main components were oleic acid, linoleic acid, and docosahexaenoic acid. A high unsaturation index of the fatty acyl chain was found in sphingomyelin accumulated in organs and in almost all phospholipids of brain, erythrocytes, and blood plasma of "Niemann Pick" mice. It is conceivable that desaturation of fatty acids is enhanced in the "Niemann-Pick" mice. PMID- 6539358 TI - Developmental changes in the diurnal rhythm of secretion of corticosterone and LH in the domestic hen. AB - When diurnal changes in the plasma concentrations of corticosterone and LH were compared at various times during sexual development a diurnal rhythm in the secretion of corticosterone was most pronounced at 4.5 weeks of age in hens maintained on a schedule of 8 h light: 16 h darkness (8L: 16D) and at 8.5 weeks of age in hens maintained on 16L: 8D. At these ages the phase-angle of the rhythm in relation to the onset of darkness was 3 h earlier than had been observed in previous studies of the adult hen. The characteristics of the corticosterone rhythm changed during sexual development and diurnal changes were no longer evident in hens at 17 weeks of age at a time when prepubertal plasma concentrations of LH were maximal. However, there was a tendency for plasma concentrations of corticosterone to fluctuate diurnally in hens studied at less than 10 days before the onset of lay although not to the same extent as has previously been observed in the adult hen. This period of development was associated with a pronounced increase in the plasma concentration of progesterone. An increase in the plasma concentration of LH at the onset of darkness was observed at all ages in hens maintained on either photoschedule . In hens of 4.5-15 weeks of age maintained on 16L: 8D or 8L: 16D this increase in the plasma concentration of LH was sustained during the first 5 or 8-11 h of darkness respectively but at 17 weeks of age only a transient increase in LH was seen at the onset of darkness. Plasma concentrations of LH in samples of plasma taken at intervals of between 3 days and 2 weeks throughout sexual development were, until 18-19 weeks, consistently higher in hens maintained on a photoschedule of 16L: 8D than on 8L: 16D. PMID- 6539359 TI - Acetylcholine promotes progesterone-induced maturation of Xenopus oocytes. AB - Progesterone-induced maturation of follicle-enclosed and denuded Xenopus laevis oocytes was significantly shortened by a concomitant exposure to acetylcholine. The promotion of maturation by acetylcholine was blocked by the specific muscarinic antagonist atropine. The action of acetylcholine was dose dependent, and the neurotransmitter was effective at very low concentrations. Progesterone progressively reduced the electrophysiological responses of X. laevis oocytes to acetylcholine, which completely disappeared close to the time of germinal vesicle breakdown. Progesterone alone did not elicit any electrophysiological responses. The in vitro effect of acetylcholine on oocyte maturation might reflect a physiological influence of the cholinergic system on an in vivo maturation process. PMID- 6539360 TI - The acute effects of alcohol on plasma creatine kinase (CK) activity in the rat. AB - The acute effect of a single intraperitoneal dose of alcohol (2 g kg-1 body weight) was studied in normally fed rats anaesthetised with sodium pentabarbitone . Rapidly achieved high blood alcohol levels were accompanied by an equally rapid but transient 4-fold increase in the total creatine kinase (CK) activity in the arterial plasma of animals of both sexes. Resting CK activity was significantly lower in female animals and although the magnitude of the alcohol-induced CK increase was the same in both sexes, the duration of the response was shorter in female rats. Electrophoresis showed the skeletal muscle-associated MM isoenzyme of CK to be predominant in resting plasma and also to account solely for the alcohol-induced increase in total CK activity. These results indicate that alcohol has a direct toxic action on skeletal muscle, causing transient loss of cellular integrity which permits the leakage of normally intracellular enzymes into the circulation. PMID- 6539361 TI - The sequential development of spongiform change and gliosis of scrapie in the golden Syrian hamster. AB - The lesion profiles of spongiform change and gliosis in the hamster occurring after intracerebral (IC) inoculation of scrapie virus, are calculated and compared to the lesion profile of spongiform change of scrapie in mice and of scrapie and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) in the squirrel monkey. The profile of scrapie in hamsters differs considerably from that of a closely related strain of scrapie in mice, and both differ from scrapie and CJD in the squirrel monkey. These differences emphasize the effect of the host on the distribution of pathological changes in these unconventional virus infections. The sequential development of the lesions in the hamster shows that the earliest changes are detectable before the onset of clinical disease 49-57 days after inoculation, as assessed by light microscopy. Gliosis is detectable by indirect immunofluorescence 35-39 days after inoculation by use of a monoclonal antibody directed against astrocytes. PMID- 6539362 TI - Neurofilamentous axonal swellings as a normal finding in the spinal anterior horn of man and other primates. AB - To define the nature and extent of axonal swellings in the normal spinal anterior horn, we studied the spinal cords of patients five days to 83 years of age from a general autopsy population. Axonal swellings were routinely found in the anterior horn of the cervical and lumbosacral spinal cord. The swellings measure 5-50 micron in diameter and are most numerous at the anterior edge of the anterior horn. They first appear about five months of age and appear to increase in number until about 20 years of age, with no increment thereafter. Ultrastructurally, they are filled with neurofilaments and surrounded by a thin myelin sheath. Most are probably aberrant components of motor axons. Identical axonal swellings, in the same anatomical site, were found in the spinal cords of cynomolgus and rhesus monkeys. On the basis of their natural history and morphologic features, they should be distinguished from the neuroaxonal dystrophy of aging. The largest of them resemble the neurofilamentous axonal swellings of early onset motor neuron disease but occur in much smaller numbers. Moreover, location on the proximal axon could not be demonstrated for any of these swellings. An awareness of this normal phenonemon is essential for the interpretation of axonal swellings in the spinal cord. PMID- 6539363 TI - Double-blind crossover study of the antiemetic efficacy of high-dose dexamethasone versus high-dose metoclopramide. AB - Nausea and vomiting remain common and debilitating side effects of therapy with many anticancer drugs. Recent reports have shown that both metoclopramide and dexamethasone are effective drugs for the treatment of severe nausea and vomiting caused by cis-platinum. A double-blind crossover study comparing the antiemetic properties of high-dose oral and intravenous regimens of metoclopramide and dexamethasone in outpatients was carried out. Standardized patient questionnaires and interviews were used to evaluate response. Dexamethasone and metoclopramide protected against more than five episodes of emesis in 48% and 40% of patients, respectively. Nausea persisted for less than six hours in 45% of patients on dexamethasone and in 37% on metoclopramide. The antiemetic efficacy of both regimens was retained through repeated courses of chemotherapy. Side effects were minimal with dexamethasone; however, 33% of patients experienced unacceptable extrapyramidal side effects to metoclopramide. Patient preference was significantly in favor of dexamethasone: 70% of patients chose to continue dexamethasone compared to 22% who preferred metoclopramide and 8% who chose other antiemetics. Dexamethasone was the preferred antiemetic in this patient population due to minimal side effects. PMID- 6539364 TI - Relationship between sex hormone binding globulin and estrogen receptors in breast cancer. AB - It has been suggested that the level of sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) is a better predictor of response of breast cancer to hormone treatment than the measurement of estrogen receptor (ER). However, no correlation of SHBG with ER status has been shown. To define the relationship between SHBG and the ER, the following study was undertaken. Fifty women with breast cancer and known ER status had SHBG measured by dextran-coated charcoal saturation analysis. The mean SHBG in all ER-positive patients was 20.7 +/- 2.4 (ng DHT bound/mL) and in all ER negative patients was 11.5 +/- 2.0 (p less than 0.01). The mean premenopausal level of SHBG was 22.2 +/- 3.8 ng/mL and postmenopausal level was 20.0 +/- 5.7 ng/mL. There was no significant difference between these groups. ER-positive patients on tamoxifen had a SHBG of 29.8 +/- 9 ng/mL and ER-negative subjects on tamoxifen had a mean SHBG level of 8.3 +/- 3.4 ng/mL, p less than 0.01. ER positive patients have a higher SHBG level than ER-negative patients; furthermore, this difference between ER-positive and ER-negative subjects was further demarcated by changes in SHBG after the subjects had been placed on tamoxifen. PMID- 6539365 TI - The effect of prior cisplatin therapy on the pharmacokinetics of high-dose methotrexate. AB - The pharmacokinetics of high-dose methotrexate (MTX, 5-15 g/m2) were evaluated in 11 children and adolescents who had previously received two to eight doses of cisplatin (90 mg/m2) in the treatment of malignant solid tumors. The half-life for disappearance of MTX from serum during the first 24 hours after infusion was determined from serum samples obtained at the end of a six-hour infusion and six, 12, and 24 hours after infusion. These values were compared to a mean half-life of 2.83 (+/- 0.34) hours following 489 courses administered to 71 patients who had not received cisplatin. Stepwise multiple linear regression analysis of patient variables revealed cumulative cisplatin dosage and time from last cisplatin dose as the best predictors of MTX half-life (r2 = 65.4%, p less than 0.001). The best predictors of 24-hour serum concentration were cumulative cisplatin dosage and MTX dosage (r2 = 54.2%, p less than 0.001) in the multiple linear regression model. Patients with delayed MTX clearance received additional leucovorin and experienced no severe toxicity. Patients receiving up to 270 mg/m2 of cisplatin appear to have minimal increases in MTX half-life, while the likelihood of delayed clearance increases in patients who have received 360 mg/m2 or more of cisplatin. All patients who have previously received cisplatin should be treated cautiously with high-dose MTX and prospective pharmacokinetic monitoring should be routinely performed. PMID- 6539366 TI - Von Hippel-Lindau syndrome with microscopic hemangioblastomas of the spinal nerve roots. Case report. AB - The authors describe a case of von Hippel-Lindau syndrome diagnosed at autopsy in a 49-year-old woman. She died suddenly following hemorrhage from a cerebellar hemangioblastoma. Other autopsy findings included a retinal hemangioblastoma, an adrenal pheochromocytoma, and a clear-cell renal tumor. The case was distinguished by the unexpected finding of multiple microscopic hemangioblastomas of the spinal nerve roots. The case is discussed with emphasis on the incidence of spinal hemangioblastomas in von Hippel-Lindau syndrome. PMID- 6539367 TI - Effect of selective inhibitor of thromboxane A2 synthetase on cerebral vasospasm after early surgery. AB - The authors report the results of inhibition of thromboxane A2 synthetase in 49 consecutive patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). These unselected Grade I to IV patients all had a ruptured aneurysm of the anterior circle of Willis, and were operated on within 72 hours after SAH. Twenty-seven patients were treated postoperatively by an intravenous infusion of sodium (E)-3- [4-(3-pyridylmethyl) phenyl] -2- propenoate (OKY-1581), a selective inhibitor of thromboxane A2 synthetase, at 5 micrograms/kg/min for 10 to 14 days, and the remaining 22 patients did not receive this drug. Both groups of patients had similar age distribution and preoperative neurological conditions. A suggestive but statistically insignificant improvement was found in postoperative angiographic vasospasm, ischemic symptoms, and overall outcome in the group receiving OKY 1581. The incidence of low-density areas on the postoperative computerized tomography scans was significantly decreased in patients treated with OKY-1581 infusion. PMID- 6539368 TI - Gallbladder dynamics induced by a fatty meal in normal subjects and patients with gallstones: concise communication. AB - A study was undertaken to establish the pattern of gallbladder emptying in normal subjects and in patients with gallstones, using a fatty meal as stimulus to release endogenous cholecystokinin. The time from meal ingestion to beginning of gallbladder emptying (latent period), the total duration of emptying (ejection period), degree of emptying (ejection fraction), and the rate of emptying (ejection fraction/ejection period) were measured noninvasively by a nongeometric scintigraphic technique. The mean latent period and ejection rate were similar in normal subjects and patients with gallstones, but the mean ejection period and ejection fraction were significantly reduced in the patients. This study suggests that for an identical stimulus, the gallbladder in cholelithiasis begins to empty at the normal time but empties for a shorter duration; the result is a reduction of ejection fraction but not of ejection rate. PMID- 6539369 TI - Discordant hepatic uptake between Tc-99m sulfur colloid and Tc-99m DISIDA in hypervitaminosis A. AB - Scintigraphic findings in a patient with biopsy-proven hypervitaminosis A included markedly impaired hepatic uptake of Tc-99m sulfur colloid but essentially normal uptake of Tc-99m DISIDA . This case presents a potential cause for image discordance with these two agents. PMID- 6539370 TI - A new protein quality evaluation index based on growth responses of rats. AB - The protein efficiency ratio (PER) is the official method for protein quality evaluation in the United States and Canada. Two other widely used indices of evaluation are the slope ratio and net protein ratio (NPR) methods. Each of these methods has problems associated with its calculation and interpretation. In this paper, a new index, actual protein utilization ( APU ) is discussed, and its relationship to the other indices is examined. Each of the indices is given a theoretical basis by relating it to the four parameter mathematical model for physiological responses. To compare the indices, growth bioassays were carried out using male rats (40, 60, 115 g) consuming three different proteins (casein, lactalbumin and soy) and an amino acid mixture (Rogers and Harper). Dose-response curves were generated for each diet, and the indices PER, NPR, Slope and APU were calculated. APU was shown to have certain characteristics that make it superior to the other methods of protein quality evaluation, i.e., it closely approximates the growth response curve and it incorporates a term for the protein intake required for maintenance. PMID- 6539371 TI - Bioavailability of iron to rats from processed soybean fractions determined by intrinsic and extrinsic labeling techniques. AB - Intrinsic and extrinsic labeling techniques were used to measure iron bioavailability from soybean fractions (isolated soy protein, defatted flour, soy hulls, insoluble material and whey) by iron-depleted and non-iron-depleted rats. As expected, absorption of iron was higher in the iron-depleted than in the non iron-depleted rats. In the iron-depleted group, significantly more iron was absorbed from soy whey than from other fractions. No other significant difference in iron absorption associated with iron source was observed. The higher absorption rate of iron from whey by the iron-depleted rats probably was related to a lower quantity of food consumed during the test meal by this group. Intrinsic and extrinsic labeling techniques produced similar assessments of bioavailability of iron. PMID- 6539372 TI - Labeling hen's egg with 74Se for use in human metabolic experiments. AB - Experiments were conducted with laying hens to explore quantitative aspects of incorporation of 75Se ( radioselenium ) at various dosing levels and for different chemical forms of an orally administered tracer. Quantitative distribution of the incorporated isotope in egg white and egg yolk was strongly influenced by both the chemical form of the label and the dosing level. The ratio of egg yolk:egg white selenium decreased with increased level of administered dose of selenite. In addition, the rate of incorporation and the amount of selenium in whole egg were higher when [75Se]selenomethionine was given as compared to [75Se]selenite. Characterization of the chemical form of selenium in egg white and egg yolk labeled biologically by giving hens radioactive selenite or selenomethionine was performed by classification as: selenite, selenoprotein and fat-bound selenium. Studies were then undertaken to achieve intrinsic labeling of egg white and egg yolk with stable isotope 74Se for purposes of exploring selenium bioavailability in humans. Enrichments of 74Se in egg white and egg yolk of hens given high dose selenite (54.4 micrograms 74Se ) were 20- and 28-fold, whereas in egg white and egg yolk of hens given low dose (10.9 micrograms 74Se ) they were 4- and 10-fold the level of natural abundance, respectively. The stable isotope-labeling studies indicated that a 7-day sequential dosing protocol with 20-100 micrograms Se per dose permitted sufficient enrichment of egg white (only high dose) and of yolk with the stable isotope 74Se for use in human metabolic studies. PMID- 6539373 TI - Course and outcome of otitis media in early infancy: a prospective study. AB - We determined the course of otitis media in a prospective, longitudinal study of infants who were enrolled at birth and followed to age 1 year. Bilateral chronic otitis media with effusion developed in eight of 24 (33%) with onset of otitis media before age 2 months, compared to two of 30 (7%) with later onset (P = 0.012). Infants with bilateral chronic otitis media with effusion could be identified early: eight of 15 (53%) infants with bilateral middle ear effusion at age 2 months subsequently had bilateral chronic otitis media with effusion, compared to two of 55 (4%) infants without bilateral effusions at age 2 months (P = 0.000007). The onset of otitis media was symptomatic in 29 of 54 (54%), and asymptomatic in 25 of 54 (46%). If regular well-child examinations with otoscopy had not been performed in asymptomatic infants, bilateral chronic otitis media with effusion would not have been detected in six of 10 infants. Infants with otitis media in early infancy may be asymptomatic and are at high risk for chronic otitis media with effusion. PMID- 6539374 TI - Detection of middle ear effusion by acoustic reflectometry. AB - Existing diagnostic methods for otitis media with effusion are inadequate. We designed, built, and tested an acoustic reflectometer to overcome such inadequacies. The probe is placed at the entrance to the external auditory canal, whereupon a swept tone (1800 to 7000 Hz) is generated. The device records sound amplitude representing the sum of incident and reflected sound. This sum reaches a nadir at a frequency for which the quarter wave length corresponds to the distance from the microphone to the tympanic membrane; at this frequency reflected sound is maximally out of phase with incident sound. We measured this nadir (in decibels) and correlated the decrease in sound level at the nadir with the presence or absence of middle ear effusion. With a diagnosis confirmed by acoustic admittance and pneumatic otoscopy (n = 290), and using a breakpoint of 4.0 dB, the sensitivity was 94.4% and the specificity was 79.2%. Acoustic reflectometry can be portable, results are virtually instantaneous, and the method is reliable independent of age, crying, cerumen, and lack of cooperation from the child. PMID- 6539375 TI - Isolated growth hormone deficiency type 1A in a Japanese family. AB - A Japanese family is described in which a 7-year-old child had isolated growth hormone deficiency type 1A, as described by Illig et al. He was shown to be homozygous for a deletion of the structural gene for hGH (hGH-N gene). Initially his growth rate responded well to hGH administration, but rapidly he developed high titers of hGH antibodies, and growth ceased. At that time, a somatomedin-C generation test gave negative results, suggesting that the growth arrest was related to the inability of hGH to generate somatomedin. Both parents were heterozygous for the hGH-N gene deletion and had a low hGH response to arginine and L-dopa tolerance tests, but had normal basal somatomedin-C levels and normal somatomedin-C generation tests. This family is the fourth to be reported with IGHD type 1A caused by deletion of the hGH-N gene. This cause of growth hormone deficiency can be distinguished from other severe autosomal recessive types of hGH deficiency by the demonstration of the deletion of hGH-N gene using restriction endonuclease analysis. PMID- 6539376 TI - Acquired refractoriness to growth hormone in a patient with isolated growth hormone deficiency: growth and plasma somatomedin-C response to high-dose growth hormone therapy. PMID- 6539377 TI - Abnormal persistence of the right vitelline vein. AB - The authors describe a case of intestinal obstruction due to a mesodiverticular band, in which both vitelline artery and vein remnants were affirmed to be present histologically. Reviewing case reports in literature, it was revealed that the vein found in the band was the right vitelline vein remnant and that this was an important fact which proved the hypothesis that the superior mesenteric vein derives from the right vitelline vein. PMID- 6539378 TI - Metastatic breast cancer complicating pregnancy. A case report. AB - An 18-year-old patient at 15 weeks' gestation was hospitalized for a high fever and delirium secondary to a presumed viral syndrome. She had massive hepatomegaly, and a small breast lump was noted incidentally. Abnormalities in the differential blood count and liver function tests were found in addition to thrombocytopenia. Bone marrow biopsy revealed metastatic breast cancer. PMID- 6539379 TI - How to build a bend into an actin bundle. AB - The bundle of actin filaments in the sperm of the horseshoe crab has a polygonal form. This appearance results from regularly spaced, sharp bends (elbows) separated by straight segments (arms). We conclude that the elbows are built into the bundle by a rearrangement of interfilament crossbridges in the arms. The rearrangement, which makes used of the specific bonding properties of the crossbridges, is made possible by the helical symmetry of actin and by the hexagonal packing of the filaments. The angle of the bend (154 degrees) is fixed by the interfilament separation and the axial spacing of actin subunits within a filament. In the arms on either side of an elbow, rows of filaments slip relative to each other. The slippage, and hence the elbow, is locked in by an axial shift of the crossbridges between adjacent rows of filaments. The variable twist of actin filaments may be important in accommodating the strain of crossbridge rearrangement. PMID- 6539381 TI - Epsilon aminocaproic acid and the control of post-prostatectomy bleeding: a prospective double-blind study. AB - We randomized 61 patients undergoing transurethral resection of the prostate in a double-blind parallel fashion to receive epsilon aminocaproic acid or an equivalent volume of placebo solution immediately after the operation. All blood loss during the first 72 hours postoperatively was monitored. Four patients were nonevaluable . The use of epsilon aminocaproic acid caused no significant complication or side effect. There was no significant difference in regard to blood loss, hospital stay or days on catheter drainage between the 2 groups. We conclude that the routine use of epsilon aminocaproic acid after transurethral resection of the prostate is not warranted. PMID- 6539380 TI - Location of DNA-binding proteins and disulfide-linked proteins in vaccinia virus structural elements. AB - Treatment with sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) converted the vaccinia virus strain IHD-J into particles of two types: (i) ghosts which possessed a thin-membrane vesicle derived from basement part of the virus membrane with attached lateral bodies and a membranous structure derived from the core wall and (ii) aggregates of a DNA-nucleoprotein eluted from the core. These particles lacked lipids, and all the viral phospholipids were detected in the SDS-soluble fraction. The viral membrane was composed of an SDS-soluble coat layer and the basement membrane, and the basement membrane was maintained by a mechanism other than the lipid bilayer. By comparisons of protein species in morphologically distinct subviral particles prepared by several solubilizing methods, protein compositions of viral structural elements were suggested as follows: 25,000-molecular-weight viral protein-17,000-molecular-weight viral protein ( VP25K - VP17K ), viral basement membrane; VP13 . 8K , major component of the lateral body; VP70K , VP69K , VP66K , and VP64K , minor components of the lateral body; VP61K , outer layer of core wall; VP57K - VP22K , inner layer of core wall; and VP27K - VP13K , nucleoprotein. These structural elements found in the SDS-insoluble particles dissolved in the same SDS solution under reducing conditions, indicating that the disulfide linkages seem to have a principal role in maintaining their morphological integrity. VP57K , VP27K , VP13 . 8K , and VP13K were revealed to possess affinity for DNA. Denatured calf thymus DNA and viral DNA in double- or single-stranded form associated equally well with these proteins, but RNA did not bind. Therefore, it was strongly suggested that disulfide-linked VP27K - VP13K represented the nucleoproteins of vaccinia virus. A structural model of vaccinia virus is proposed and discussed. PMID- 6539382 TI - Histochemical androgen binding assay in prostatic cancer. AB - A group of 60 patients with clinical stage C or D prostatic carcinoma was evaluated for androgen binding using a histochemical assay. Of the patients positive for binding 82 per cent either responded to hormonal therapy or remained stable, while 100 per cent of those negative for binding had progression. Of 6 men whose cancer was considered borderline positive 2 manifested a partial clinical response, while 4 had progression. PMID- 6539383 TI - Fetal hydronephrosis: considerations regarding urological intervention. AB - Real-time ultrasonic imaging during pregnancy has made it possible to diagnose accurately fetal hydronephrosis as early as at 17 weeks of gestation. The ultrasonic finding of oligohydramnios in conjunction with megacystis and bilateral hydronephrosis is the most reliable indicator of marked permanent urinary tract obstruction and, therefore, is an absolute requirement for fetal urological intervention. Fetal intervention by means of percutaneous catheter drainage of the bladder into the amniotic space is undertaken to preserve renal and pulmonary function. It appears that urinary tract decompression at 17 weeks of gestation is unable to prevent renal dysplasia. The degree to which renal cortical function is preserved by fetal drainage of the hydronephrotic kidney is unknown. Experimental evidence has suggested that early urinary tract decompression promotes improved pulmonary development, which may allow for normal pulmonary function postnatally. We report 6 cases that illustrate important considerations with regard to urological intervention for fetal hydronephrosis. PMID- 6539384 TI - Re: Antimicrobial agents for the prevention of urinary tract infection in transurethral surgery. PMID- 6539385 TI - Relationship between concentrations of extractable and matrix-bound nuclear androgen receptor and clinical response to endocrine therapy for prostatic adenocarcinoma. AB - The relationship between androgen receptor concentrations and clinical response to endocrine therapy for prostatic adenocarcinoma was investigated for 13 stage D patients. Both cytoplasmic and nuclear-androgen receptors were quantified. For nuclear androgen receptor, nuclei were isolated and treated with high ionic strength buffer (0.6 M KCl) to yield a KCl-extractable fraction; the nuclei were then treated with DNase I to yield nuclear matrices. Electron microscopy confirmed the relative nuclear purity and revealed matrix morphology. An hydroxylapatite binding assay and methyltrienolone (R1881) were used to quantify androgen receptor in cytosol, the KCl-extract and matrix preparations. Following 6 months of hormonal therapy, the clinical status of patients was re-evaluated and the patients were grouped according to disease response. The androgen receptor data obtained prior to therapy were compared for the disease response groups. The mean concentrations of cytoplasmic androgen receptor, KCl-extractable nuclear androgen receptor and nuclear matrix-bound androgen receptor, respectively, in those patients with disease progression or death (no. = 6), were 671 +/- 232, 45 +/- 17 and 119 +/- 34 fmol. per gm. of tissue +/- S.E.M., and for those with disease regression or stabilization (no. = 7), 1427 +/- 435, 193 +/- 53 and 611 +/- 92 fmol. per gm. of tissue +/- S.E.M. While cytoplasmic androgen receptor concentrations were not related to clinical status, both extractable and matrix-bound nuclear androgen receptor concentrations were significantly higher in the group which responded to hormonal therapy. These results suggest that nuclear-extractable and nonextractable androgen receptor concentrations are useful indices for the prediction of hormone-dependence of prostatic cancer. PMID- 6539386 TI - Enhancement of high intensity Iodine-125 brachytherapy by cis-platinum in a murine bladder tumor model. AB - The interaction of cis-platinum chemotherapy and high-intensity Iodine-125 brachytherapy was studied in C3H/He mice with MBT-2 tumors growing in the thigh. Brachytherapy was delivered by 3 Iodine-125 seeds of 10 mCi each implanted into the tumor. Ninety-six animals were randomly divided into 8 groups of 12 animals each. Each group was given either no treatment (control), cis-platinum alone or brachytherapy of 20, 40 or 50 Gy either alone or combined with cis-platinum. Cis platinum 3 mg. per kg. was given every 5 days for 3 doses. The addition of cis platinum enhanced the effects of Iodine-125 brachytherapy as shown by the end points of tumor regrowth delay, local tumor control and median survival times. The sensitization enhancement ratio ranged from 1.2 to 1.9. Further experiments are to be conducted to study the normal tissue effect, therapeutic gain factor, effects of altering the time of administration of cis-platinum and the clinical use of high-intensity Iodine-125 for removable brachytherapy. PMID- 6539387 TI - In vitro characterization of MAT LyLu: a Dunning rat prostate adenocarcinoma tumor subline. AB - Prostate carcinoma has been a therapeutic challenge. The Dunning tumor, a rat prostate adenocarcinoma tumor model, has been used to evaluate prostate carcinoma treatment protocols. The Dunning tumor subline, MAT LyLu , as described in this report, has been established and characterized as an in vitro continuous cell culture. The cell culture has been stable for greater than 60 passages. The in vitro characteristics of the MAT LyLu cell culture, such as growth rate, loss of contact inhibition, clonogenicity, morphology and tumorigenicity, are consistent with the malignant characteristics of the Dunning tumor subline. The MAT LyLu cell culture has enzyme activities which can be used to characterize the cell line. The establishment of MAT LyLu as a continuous cell culture should provide a controlled approach to evaluate the etiology and treatment of prostate carcinoma. PMID- 6539389 TI - Management of massive bulky disseminated nonseminomatous testicular cancer with poor prognostic features. PMID- 6539388 TI - Correlation of vascular invasion and metastasis in germ cell tumors of testis--a preliminary report. AB - A preliminary study was conducted to correlate vascular invasion with metastasis in testicular tumors. A lectin-immunoperoxidase procedure was used to identify the vessels. Together with standard hematoxylin and eosin staining, the presence of tumor cells in vessels was detected. Primary tumor specimens from 37 cases and retroperitoneal lymph nodes from 10 cases of germ cell tumors were studied. The results showed good correlations between vascular invasion in primary tumors and metastasis to lymph nodes in nonseminomatous germ cell tumors, and between vascular invasion in retroperitoneal lymph nodes and the presence of other metastases. Eight of the 9 nonseminomatous germ cell tumor patients with vascular invasion had metastases, and all 4 patients that had vascular invasion in the lymph nodes had other metastases. However, there seemed to be no correlation between vascular invasion and clinical staging in cases with seminoma in which retroperitoneal lymph node dissection was not performed. These observations, although based on a limited number of cases, warrant more extensive investigations. PMID- 6539390 TI - Rigidity of the resting female urethra. Part I. Static measurements. AB - A new probe was used to examine 16 female volunteers. The probe makes possible recording of related values of induced increasing and decreasing urethral pressures, and cross-sectional area in the resting female urethra. From diagrams showing these relationships urethral rigidity, defined as the change in urethral pressure divided by the change in cross-sectional area, and urethral hysteresis can be calculated. The study demonstrates the quantities and the significance of urethral rigidity and hysteresis during pressure measurements in the urethra. PMID- 6539391 TI - Rigidity of the resting female urethra. Part II. Dynamic measurements. AB - The relationship between pressure and cross-sectional area in the resting female urethra during its inflation and deflation was examined in 16 female volunteers. This relationship was found to depend on the degree of inflation and deflation, the velocity with which the pressure or cross-sectional area changes were induced and the duration of the inflation. Therefore, the return of intraurethral pressure and rigidity to the starting point after a stress episode depends on the rigidity and hysteresis of the urethra and, as has been demonstrated by the time dependency of these 2 parameters, on the velocity and duration of the stress episode. PMID- 6539392 TI - Possible herpesvirus role in abortion studied. PMID- 6539393 TI - Pituitary tumor initially seen as serous otitis media. PMID- 6539394 TI - Leads from the MMWR. Recent trends in tobacco consumption--Canada and other countries. PMID- 6539395 TI - The increasing concern with infertility. PMID- 6539396 TI - Characteristics of non-sustained ventricular tachycardia detected by ambulatory electrocardiography. AB - We analyzed non-sustained ventricular tachycardia (VT) observed during ambulatory electrocardiographic (ECG) monitoring in 21 subjects. The rate of VT was 160.7 +/ 2.3 beats/min and showed a moderate positive correlation (r = 0.61, p less than 0.01) with the preceding heart rate (81.8 +/- 1.0 beats/min). The prematurity index of VT was 1.118 +/- 0.015 and showed a moderate inverse correlation with the rate of VT (r = -0.64, p less than 0.01). The vulnerability index was 0.713 +/- 0.009. These indices of prematurity showed a wide distribution and the prematurity of ventricular ectopic beats may not be so significant as previously documented. The incidence of VT was higher in the morning and the evening and was reduced by sleep. The most frequent type of VT (25-/day) was observed only in patients with VT predominantly occurring during the day. We have therefore postulated that these diurnal variations in the frequency of VT may have important therapeutic and prognostic implications. In this study, we used the classification of VT based on the focus, the diurnal variation and the frequency of the tachycardia. Ambulatory ECG monitoring is useful in distinguishing the various types of VT and it is important to separate the various types of VT into several subgroups in order to classify grade the severity of VT. PMID- 6539397 TI - A morphometrical study of myocardial disarray associated with right ventricular outflow tract obstruction. AB - In order to define quantitatively the histological characteristics of the hypertrophied myocardium of the right ventricular outflow tract in patients with congenital heart disease, a light-microscopic study of biopsy specimens obtained from 20 cases with tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) and 14 cases with muscular obstruction of the right ventricular outflow tract ( RVOTO ) was performed using a semi-automatic sampling counter. As the controls, the crista supraventricularis of 11 autopsied cases without cardiac disease were used. The TOF patients were divided into two groups: those with (9 cases) or without (11) a history of hypoxic spells. The myocyte diameter was calculated according to Chalkley 's and Arai 's method. The areas of myocardial fibrosis and myocyte disarray were determined quantitatively by the point count method. Myocardial fibrosis was classified into five types: focal, mild perimysial, severe perimysial, perivascular and plexiform. In the control group, the myocyte diameter and area of fibrosis and disarray tended to increase with age. In the obstructive groups, the myocyte diameter and area of disarray were greater than those of the control in any age group. Myocyte diameter tended to increase with age in all groups, except for the TOF cases with a history of hypoxic spells. The latter also had the largest area of myocardial disarray (25.3%) (p less than 0.01), and a largest area of fibrosis (20.5%) than the TOF cases without spell (14.4%), but severe perimysial fibrosis was observed in only five out of the nine patients with spells. The lack of a relation between the pressure and the presence of an increased area of the myocardial disarray in TOF with spells implies that this myocardial change is brought about by myocardial abnormality accompanied by cardiac malformation. PMID- 6539398 TI - [Experience with psychotropic agents Pyrethia and Contomin in the terminal care of lung cancer patients]. AB - Among patients with lung cancer, those having PS 4 ( Performance Status 4) and cancer pain received " Pyrecon ", a psychotropic agent, consisting of promethazine hydrochloride ( Pyrethia ) and chlorpromazine hydrochloride ( Contomin ). A mixture of 125 mg of Pyrethia and 50 mg of Contomin was diluted in 500 ml of regular IV solution and given through the central vein at a rate of 20 ml/hr. Pyrecon was found to be effective in patients with severe cancer pain in whom Brompton cocktail was ineffective. Pyrecon was also effective in patients whose daily life rhythm was unsteady due to insomnia caused by anxiety or unrest. We suggest that Pyrecon is effective in the treatment of cancer pain. PMID- 6539399 TI - Amegakaryocytic thrombocytopenia associated with systemic lupus erythematosus successfully treated by a high-dose prednisolone therapy. AB - A patient with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) developed amegakaryocytic thrombocytopenic purpura. The absence of a drug relationship or other identifiable underlying cause made us consider this to be a rare manifestation of SLE. Her thrombocytopenia, which initially appeared to be steroid-resistant, ultimately improved following a prolonged high-dose prednisolone therapy. To our knowledge, this is the second case of amegakaryocytic thrombocytopenia associated with SLE in the literature. The possibility that amegakaryocytic thrombocytopenia in SLE can be caused by cellular rather than humoral immunologic mechanism was discussed. PMID- 6539400 TI - Induction of physical dependence on morphine in mice by the drug-admixed food method. AB - The drug-admixed food method was applied to ICR strain mice for studying development of physical dependence on morphine. Mice were treated with morphine admixed food of increasing concentration (1, 2 and 3 mg/g food) every third day for 9 days. During the treatment, the mice did not show any signs of toxicity. Plasma and brain morphine levels were quantitatively related to the morphine concentration in drug-admixed food. The plasma morphine level showed a circadian rhythm, and the level was higher than 0.15 microgram/ml throughout the day. The morphine-treated mice manifested body weight loss, diarrhea and ptosis from 4 hr after morphine withdrawal and showed maximum body weight loss at 12 hr. In the naloxone-precipitated test, jumping and body shakes were observed in mice treated with morphine-admixed food (2 mg/g food) at least for 1 day. Moreover, in mice treated with morphine (2 mg/g food) for 3 days, marked jumping and body shakes and some writhing were observed after naloxone administration. These results suggest that the drug-admixed food method has advantages of easily and rapidly inducing the physical dependence on morphine in mice without causing toxicity and death. PMID- 6539401 TI - Induction of physical dependence on codeine in the rat by drug-admixed food ingestion. AB - The developmental process of physical dependence on codeine has been explored in rats treated with codeine-admixed food (0.5 mg/g food) during 1 to 7 days. In rats treated with codeine for more than 2 days, body weight loss was markedly observed after the abrupt codeine withdrawal. The intensity and time course of body weight loss increased according to the duration of codeine treatment. After the codeine withdrawal, behavioral signs such as diarrhea, ptosis and vocalization were observed. In the naloxone-precipitated withdrawal test, rats treated with codeine for 1 day manifested a loss of body weight after naloxone challenge, and the intensity of body weight loss increased according to the duration of codeine treatment. After naloxone injection, the codeine-treated rats showed abnormal behaviors such as diarrhea, ptosis, teeth chattering , salivation, body shakes, vocalization, nose bleed, irritability, lacrimation and writhing. The total score, evaluated by the ranking system for precipitated withdrawal behaviors, was correlated with the duration of codeine treatment. These results suggest that naloxone-precipitated withdrawal signs are powerful in comparison with that after codeine withdrawal, and the weight loss is a common index for quantitative assessment of physical dependence on narcotics in the natural and naloxone-precipitated withdrawal tests. It is concluded that the drug admixed food ingestion method has the advantage of rapidly inducing a high degree of physical dependence on codeine. PMID- 6539402 TI - [Function of ECS as a cue in retrograde amnesia in the rat]. AB - Two experiments were performed with rats to examine whether electroconvulsive shock (ECS), which is known to produce retrograde amnesia (RA), would serve as a dominant cue in the training trial. In Experiment I, after 6, 1, or 0 ECS preexposures , rats were received ECS immediately following one-trial passive avoidance training in a step through apparatus. Twenty-four h later, six ECS preexposure group showed a higher level of retention performance. Thus, the effects of ECS on RA were shown to be attenuated by the preexposure to ECS. In Experiment II, it was shown that ECS acquired a considerable amount of cue value which might produce a conditioned suppression on an off-the-baseline type procedure. These results were interpreted as that RA phenomena could be considered as a sort of retroactive conditioning where ECS served as a CS. PMID- 6539403 TI - [Argon laser coagulation in exudative senile macular degeneration]. AB - In 26 of 76 eyes with exudative senile macular degeneration, visual acuity improved after argon laser coagulation. However, in most cases the improvement was only of short duration. The treatment was of greater benefit in cases with serous pigment epithelial detachment where there was no subretinal neovascular membrane. PMID- 6539404 TI - Dietary modulation of estrous cyclicity in singly and multiply housed C57BL/6J mice. AB - Two commercial diets differed markedly in their ability to support estrous cyclicity in both singly and multiply housed, 3- to 4-month-old virgin C57BL/6J mice. When fed a breeder diet developed to promote reproduction, mice had shorter cycles and a decreased number of acyclic intervals than when fed a standard diet. In addition, the breeder diet counteracted the inhibitory influence of multiple housing on cyclicity. Although the breeder diet had a three-fold higher fat content and a two-fold lower fiber content, it was not possible to ascribe a causal role to these differences since the diets differed in the relative amounts and sources of many other components. PMID- 6539405 TI - Feeding characteristics of Mongolian gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus). AB - Prolonged direct observation, and a series of timed dissections indicated that gerbils were not coprophagous when provided with an adequate stock diet ad libitum. However, coprophagy occurred after the feeding of a variety of purified amino acid rations. The diets apparently lack some needed nutriment . Gerbils ate food approximately eight times per day. Meal feeding, either for a 1-hour or a 2 hour daily interval, resulted in weight losses, which were often, but not always, reversed by adaptation to the feeding procedure. When given no other nutriment , weanling gerbils ate raw ground beef, but lost weight and died. Substandard growth was observed when sorghum, corn, oats, wheat, sunflower seed, or peanuts were fed. A mixed vegetable diet also gave substandard growth. PMID- 6539406 TI - Effects of fluid flow on living vascular cells. AB - Shear stress produced by a flowing fluid has been found to cause changes in the structure and function of vascular endothelial cells. They tend to become elongated and aligned with the direction of flow. They respond to changes in fluid shear stress (either from low shear to high shear or vice versa) by transiently increasing fluid-phase endocytosis. And they are capable of producing intracellular actin and myosin filaments that are oriented in the flow direction. PMID- 6539408 TI - A simple method to determine whole cell uptake of radiolabelled oestrogen and progesterone and their subcellular localization in breast cancer cell lines in monolayer culture. AB - Specific uptake of tritiated 17 beta-oestradiol and R5020, a synthetic progestin, in breast cancer cell lines ( MCF7 and T47D) growing in monolayer culture in multiwell plates has been shown. Binding characteristics, calculated by Scatchard analysis, indicate the presence of steroid receptors of similar affinities and capacities to those already obtained with broken cell preparations. Lysis of the cells by treatment with a hypotonic buffer reveals the subcellular localization of the receptors so the method can be used to study receptor dynamics such as nuclear translocation and processing. Cell growth can be measured by DNA determination directly in the multiwell plates. Thus, the method provides a convenient way of studying the effects of steroid hormones (or any antihormone or chemotherapeutic agent) on growth and receptor content of breast cancer cells in monolayer culture. PMID- 6539407 TI - Soluble factors from murine and human tumors induce suppressor cells. AB - A tumor-derived suppressor factor ( TDSF ) has been isolated from 3 M KCl extracts of a chemically induced fibrosarcoma of C3H/HeJ mice by preparative isoelectric focusing. Incubation of TDSF with normal spleen cells induces suppressor cells that enhance tumor growth and inhibit DTH to the chemical sensitizer 2,4-dinitro-1-chlorobenzene (DNCB). Similar suppressogenic activity has been detected in extracts of the 10T1/2 fibroblast line, an ultraviolet induced fibrosarcoma of C3H/HeN mice, the C57B1/6J Lewis lung carcinoma, and four human colonic adenocarcinoma. TDSF activity was not found in extracts of syngeneic muscle or spleen cells. Chemical characterization of TDSF from the murine fibrosarcoma MCA-F revealed sensitivity to treatment with heat and RNase, partial sensitivity to treatment with trypsin, but resistance to treatment with DNase, pronase, and neuraminidase. TDSF has an apparent molecular weight of greater than 300 kDa by high-performance gel permeation chromatography. Acidic soluble factors isolated from murine and human tumors induce suppressor cells to inhibit cell-mediated immunity in an intact host. PMID- 6539409 TI - Ethnobotany of psilocybin mushrooms, especially Psilocybe cubensis. PMID- 6539410 TI - Aortoseptal approach for optimal resection of diffuse subvalvular aortic stenosis. AB - The results of conventional operative resection of diffuse subaortic stenosis (tunnel subaortic stenosis and diffuse idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis) have been less than satisfactory. A new approach using the concept of aortoventriculoplasty was designed to allow adequate surgical resection of a diffuse subvalvular aortic stenosis. The aorta, the right ventricle, and the septum are incised in the same way as during aortoventriculoplasty , with the aortic anulus being divided carefully across the commissure between the left and right aortic cusps. The septotomy is extended beyond the limits of the stenosis, and fibrous and/or muscular tissue is removed from each edge of the septal incision. After adequate widening of the subvalvular area, the various incisions are closed and the aortic valve is reconstructed. This aortoseptal approach was studied experimentally in the dog and then carried out on two patients, both of whom had excellent hemodynamic and functional results. The aortoseptal approach may be the procedure of choice in the treatment of diffuse stenoses limited to the subvalvular area, whereas other procedures ( aortoventriculoplasty , and apico-aortic valved conduit) should be used when the valvular and/or supravalvular levels are involved. PMID- 6539411 TI - Effect of ultraviolet- and X-irradiation on embryogenesis of the free-living nematode, Rhabditidae tokai: hatchability, morphogenesis and life span. AB - Ultraviolet light (UV)- and X-irradiation reduced hatchability in a strain of free-living nematodes, Rhabditidae tokai. Sensitivities of eggs to UV and X-ray varied greatly depending on the lapse of time after oviposition. It was found that the eggs at 5 h after oviposition were most sensitive as compared with the eggs at other developmental stages. X-irradiation of the eggs resulted in significant life shortening of the worms after hatching, whereas UV-irradiation had no such life-shortening effect. Microscopic observations showed that the frequency of morphological anomalies in populations of unhatched embryos also varied depending on the stage at which UV- and X-irradiation was applied. These results suggest that X-irradiation but not UV-irradiation have a serious after effect on worms hatched from treated eggs. PMID- 6539412 TI - Neonatal opiate withdrawal alters the reactivity of adult rats to the hot-plate. AB - Prenatal exposure of rats to 0.2 mg LAAM/kg/day but not to 0.05 mg LAAM/kg/day resulted in faster hot-plate escape latencies in 6 mo old offspring. No differences in tail-flick latencies were observed at 7 mo of age in offspring exposed to either dose of LAAM prenatally. Subsequent testing of littermates at 16 mo of age revealed that the greater sensitivity to the hot-plate observed in rats prenatally exposed to LAAM is apparently a result of neonatal withdrawal rather than a primary consequence of the drug. The data are discussed in relation to possible effects of drug or withdrawal on central nervous system development. PMID- 6539413 TI - Stimulus properties of clonidine in chronically morphine treated rats trained to a morphine-saline discrimination. AB - In an operant behavior procedure of lever pressing on an FR 10 schedule of food reinforcement, morphine dependent and nondependent rats were trained to respond on a lever on one side of the food tray after a morphine (10 mg/kg i.p.) injection and to respond on a lever on the alternate side after a saline injection. Following discrimination training, in both dependent and nondependent rats saline was generalized to various doses of clonidine (10, 30 and 50 micrograms/kg i.p.). A response inhibition of about 65% was obtained with the highest dose. It was concluded that, even if clonidine can suppress signs of narcotic withdrawal, the internal state induced by morphine in an abstinent rat does differ from the one induced by clonidine in the same animal. PMID- 6539414 TI - Acute effects of marathon running on levels of serum lipoproteins and androgenic hormones in healthy males. AB - The acute effects of marathon (42.2 km) running on serum lipid and lipoprotein levels, particularly high-density lipoprotein (HDL) subfractions HDL2 and HDL3, and on levels of serum androgenic hormones, luteinizing hormone (LH), and testosterone were studied in 20 healthy non- champion -class joggers participating in the First North Karelian Heart Marathon. Serum triglyceride and cholesterol levels were unchanged after the marathon, whereas the lipoprotein distribution of both lipids was significantly altered. Very-low-density lipoprotein triglyceride (VLDL-TG) and cholesterol (VLDL-C) levels decreased significantly, whereas low-density lipoprotein triglyceride (LDL-TG) but not cholesterol (LDL-C) levels were increased, suggesting an accumulation of VLDL remnants in the LDL density range. HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) level rose significantly owing to an increase in HDL2-C. HDL3-C level remained the same. Serum levels of apolipoproteins A-I and A-II, the main apolipoprotein constituents of HDL, did not change during the marathon but their distribution between the HDL subfractions differed, indicating a conversion of HDL3 to HDL2. Serum levels of LH, testosterone, and sex-hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) all decreased during the marathon. The changes in levels of serum lipoproteins and androgenic hormones were not interrelated. We concluded that the short-term regulation of HDL levels during acute exhaustive exercise is controlled not by changes in serum androgenic hormones but by enhanced degradation of triglyceride rich lipoproteins. PMID- 6539415 TI - Detection of the metabolism of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon derivatives to ultimate carcinogens during lipid peroxidation. PMID- 6539416 TI - Normoprolactinaemia and galactorrhoea. PMID- 6539417 TI - New information on nylon cerclage. PMID- 6539418 TI - Physical properties and lipid composition of brain membranes from ethanol tolerant-dependent mice. AB - DBA/2 mice were made tolerant to and dependent on ethanol by administration of an ethanol-containing liquid diet for 7 days. Fluorescent probe molecules were used to estimate the fluidity and ethanol sensitivity of brain synaptic membranes from these mice. The fluorescence polarization of cis- parinarate , trans- parinarate , and 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene (probes of the membrane core) and 1-(4- trimethylammoniumphenyl )-6-phenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene (a probe of the membrane surface) was higher in membranes from ethanol tolerant-dependent mice than in membranes from control mice. The decrease in fluorescence polarization produced by in vitro exposure to ethanol was attenuated in membranes from ethanol tolerant dependent mice when 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene was used as the probe, but not when 1-(4- trimethylammoniumphenyl )-6-phenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene was used. These results indicate that chronic ingestion of ethanol decreased the fluidity and the ethanol sensitivity of the synaptic membranes. In contrast to the alterations observed with intact membranes, liposomes of lipids extracted from synaptic membranes of control and ethanol tolerant-dependent mice did not differ in their physical properties. Analysis of membrane lipids demonstrated that chronic ethanol treatment selectively decreased the unsaturated acyl groups of phosphatidylserine without altering the acyl composition of other phospholipids or sphingolipids. The amount of each phospholipid was not changed, but membrane cholesterol was decreased by chronic ethanol ingestion. Use of 2-dimensional thin layer chromatography allowed the quantitation of 10 different gangliosides. The concentrations of these lipids were unchanged in synaptic membranes from ethanol tolerant-dependent mice. Thus, the changes in membrane physical properties produced by chronic ingestion of ethanol may be due, at least in part, to altered acyl composition of phosphatidylserine. The differences observed between intact membranes and extracted lipids suggest, however, that chronic ethanol treatment also produced changes in the lipid arrangement or lipid-protein interactions of the intact membranes. PMID- 6539419 TI - Insect radiosensitivity: dose curves and dose-fractionation studies of dominant lethal mutations in the mature sperm of 4 insect species. AB - Males of 4 species of insects: Musca domestica L. (housefly) (Diptera), Oncopeltus fasciatus (Dallas) ( milkweed bug) (Hemiptera), Anagasta kuhniella ( Zeller ) ( mealmouth ) (Lepidoptera) and Heliothis virescens (Fab.) (tobacco budworm ) (Lepidoptera) were irradiated as adults. Dose--response curves for the induction of dominant lethal mutations in the mature sperm were constructed. The curves were analyzed mathematically and compared with theoretical computer simulated curves requiring 1, 2, 4, 8 and 16 'hits' for the induction of a dominant lethal mutation. The 4 species belonging to 3 different orders of insects showed a wide range in radiation sensitivity and vastly different dose- response curves. The house fly was the most sensitive and displayed a '1-hit' curve. The milkweed bug was intermediate in sensitivity and the curve exhibited '4-hit' kinetics. The mealmoth and tobacco budworm were most radioresistant and the response curves resembled 8-16--hit simulated curves. When the data were analyzed by several mathematical models we found that a logistic response curve gave reasonably good fit with vastly different parameters for the 4 species. Dose fractionation experiments showed no reduction in the frequency of lethal mutations induced in any species when an acute dose was fractionated into 2 equal exposures separated by an 8-h period. Various reasons for large differences in radiosensitivity are discussed, e.g., (1) differences in repair mechanisms, (2) variation in oxygen concentration, (3) holokinetic versus monokinetic chromosomes and (4) intrinsic differences in mitotic cell cycles which affect the behavior of radiation-induced chromosome breaks. PMID- 6539421 TI - Sustained arrhythmias in hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy. AB - Patients with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy are subject to syncope and sudden death. Ambulatory monitoring discloses frequent and complex ventricular ectopy in many of these patients, and the occurrence of ventricular tachycardia suggests an increased risk of sudden death. We prospectively evaluated whether induced sustained arrhythmia could explain episodes of cerebral dysfunction in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Seven consecutive symptomatic patients (six of whom had an intraventricular gradient of 40 to 130 mm Hg) were subjected to atrial and ventricular stimulation. An electrophysiologic abnormality that would explain the symptoms was identified in every patient: supraventricular tachycardia was present in two, sustained ventricular tachycardia in three, ventricular fibrillation in one, and a prolonged QT interval and dispersion of ventricular refractoriness in one. Antiarrhythmic drugs were selected on the basis of the response to electrophysiologic testing. There has been no recurrence of symptoms in 120 patient-months of follow-up. This experience suggests that arrhythmias are the principal cause of syncope or sudden death in obstructive cardiomyopathy and that electrophysiologic study may be useful in selecting prophylactic therapy. PMID- 6539422 TI - Twins. PMID- 6539420 TI - Immunoprecipitation of surface antigen precursors from Schistosoma mansoni messenger RNA in vitro translation products. AB - Messenger RNA has been isolated from adults and eggs of Schistosoma mansoni and translated in vitro in mRNA dependent rabbit reticulocyte lysate. The in vitro translation products have been immunoprecipitated using a wide variety of hyperimmune and infection sera from rabbits, mice and humans. A large number of in vitro translation products are precipitated by these sera, and we have identified a subset of the immunoprecipitated polypeptides which are expressed on the surface of the young schistosomulum. Messenger RNA from both adults and eggs directs the synthesis of these polypeptides suggesting that at least some of the surface proteins of the young schistosomulum are being synthesised throughout the life cycle. cDNA clone banks prepared from adult mRNA will therefore contain the genes for these schistosomulum surface antigens greatly facilitating their isolation. PMID- 6539423 TI - Lack of carcinogenicity of agaritine by subcutaneous administration in mice. AB - Agaritine (A), an ingredient of the cultivated mushroom of commerce Agaricus bisporus, was administered by subcutaneous injection to two groups of randomly bred Swiss mice. In the first group the animals of both sexes were treated at a 100 micrograms/g body weight basis five times at weekly intervals, while in the second group the mice received a single A treatment of 100 micrograms/g body weight for females and 50 micrograms/g body weight for males. The administration of the compound resulted in no detectable carcinogenic effect in the animals. Since some of the breakdown products of A were shown to be carcinogenic in mice and the mushroom itself was found to be mutagenic, the field is discussed in the light of the obtained results. PMID- 6539424 TI - The myth of the mad March hare. AB - From literature, proverb and scientific publications, two aspects of the behaviour of the brown hare, Lepus capensis, are well known. First, they 'go mad' in March. Second, boxing is their most spectacular form of male-male competition for mates. Here we show that 'madness' is no more a feature of March than of the other months of their long breeding season, and that boxing does not represent intrasexual competition but an interaction between the sexes whereby a female attempts to prevent a male from mating. Finally, we discuss why misleading statements about hare behaviour have remained unchallenged for centuries. PMID- 6539425 TI - [Use of prostaglandin PGE1 (alprostadil) in hemodialysis]. PMID- 6539426 TI - The evolution of intracellular responses to acrylamide in rat spinal ganglion neurons. AB - Acrylamide (30 mg or 50 mg/kg/day, 5 days each week) was injected intraperitoneally into rats for up to 4 weeks. Lumbar spinal ganglia, spinal cord and lumbrical muscle spindles were examined by light and electron microscopy at various times during this period. The first abnormalities in spinal ganglion neurons were seen at 7 days when an apparent increase in numbers of mitochondria, some being hypertrophic, were found in a few large light cells. This was 10 days before any significant Wallerian degeneration was found in muscle spindle sensory fibres. Mitochondrial changes became more marked with time and were later associated with RER disruption, loss of neurofilaments and peripheral displacement of the nucleus thus mimicking chromatolysis of the axon reaction. All these changes began, however, before axon degeneration. Evidence of increased satellite cell activity was maximal at 21 days. These changes are discussed in the light of the possibility that calcium entry into the cell may be seriously increased early in the intoxication as a direct result of the presence of acrylamide and that many of these cellular features are secondary responses to such an event. Distal degeneration of axons seems likely to be secondary to the perikaryal changes. PMID- 6539427 TI - Blockade of progesterone-activated estrous behavior in rats by intracerebral anisomycin is site specific. AB - The hypothesis that progesterone (P) activates estrous behavior in estrogen primed female rats via a protein synthetic mechanism was examined. The protein synthesis inhibitor anisomycin was applied intracerebrally via 28-gauge bilateral implants to neural sites implicated in the mediation of estrous responsiveness. Results showed that anisomycin blockade of P-activated estrous behavior was neural site specific. Animals with anisomycin placed in the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) (n = 27) showed low levels of lordosis and solicitation behavior 4 h after the subcutaneous administration of 500 micrograms P, whereas animals with anisomycin implants in the preoptic area (n = 11) or the midbrain area in the region of the interpeduncular nucleus (n = 11) displayed high levels of estrous behavior. No deficits in open-field activity were observed following localized anisomycin treatment, and all animals appeared to be healthy. Results of the present study are consistent with the hypothesis that P acts to promote estrous behavior via a receptor-mediated genomic protein synthetic mechanism, and provide additional evidence that the VMH is the primary site of P action. PMID- 6539428 TI - Biochemical and behavioral evaluation of pergolide as a dopamine agonist in the rat brain. AB - The ergot derivative pergolide was evaluated as a dopamine agonist using various behavioral and biochemical analyses. Spontaneous motor activity was decreased by small doses (0.1 mg/kg) of pergolide and increased with larger doses (above 0.5 mg/kg). Hypermotility after larger doses persisted for as long as 24 hr and was succeeded by a period of hypomotility. The doses of drug, sufficient to produce hypermotility, also produced stereotypy. With repeated daily injections (2 weeks), the period of hypermotility decreased and the ensuing period of hypomotility increased. Stereotyped behavior was similarly affected. Chronic administration of pergolide did not alter the magnitude of the behavioral responses. Levels of the dopamine (DA) metabolites, dihydroxyphenylacetate (DOPAC) and homovanillic acid (HVA), in the striatum and mesolimbic regions were decreased during the periods of hypermotility but returned to control levels during subsequent hypomotility. Activation of putative inhibitory presynaptic dopamine receptors by pergolide was studied by following accumulation of DOPA in rats treated with the dopamine neuron inhibiting agent, gamma-butyrolactone (GBL) and a DOPA-decarboxylase inhibitor. Pergolide significantly inhibited both striatal and mesolimbic accumulation of DOPA. In contrast, with changes in behavioral and metabolic indices, pergolide-induced inhibition of tyrosine hydroxylase was not affected by chronic treatment with pergolide. On the basis of both behavioral and biochemical data it is proposed that pergolide acts as a dopamine agonist with particularly long-lasting effects. PMID- 6539429 TI - Ultrastructure of the meninges. PMID- 6539430 TI - High-dose monotherapy in treatment of intractable seizures. AB - We evaluated the therapeutic efficacy and toxicity of high-dose monotherapy, using carbamazepine or phenytoin, in patients with previously uncontrolled seizures. Treatment with a single drug was equal to or better than polypharmacy, but only a few patients became free of seizures. Toxicity was mild and associated with higher total plasma levels after polypharmacy. Free fractions ranged from 0.14 to 0.30 for carbamazepine and from 0.60 to 0.13 for phenytoin. Toxicity was associated with free phenytoin levels above 3 micrograms/ml; there was no clear relationship between free carbamazepine level and toxicity. PMID- 6539431 TI - The Crow-Fukase syndrome: a study of 102 cases in Japan. AB - Clinical manifestations of 102 cases with the Crow- Fukase syndrome (the syndrome of polyneuropathy, anasarca, skin changes, endocrinopathy, dysglobulinemia, and organomegaly), with or without myeloma, were reviewed. Fifty-six cases with myeloma consisted of 31 with osteosclerotic, 17 with mixed osteosclerotic and osteolytic, and 8 with osteolytic. Forty-six cases without myeloma consisted of 2 with extramedullary plasmacytoma, 33 with M protein alone, and 11 with polyclonal protein alone. There was no significant difference in incidence of the major clinical manifestations between the two groups with and without myeloma. They had a common characteristic histologic finding of the lymph node resembling that of Castleman's disease. PMID- 6539432 TI - Pseudotumor cerebri and pregnancy. AB - Pseudotumor cerebri (PTC) is most commonly seen in obese women of reproductive age. We studied 109 women with PTC between ages 16 and 44 years. In 11, PTC started during pregnancy. Thirteen women with previous diagnosis of PTC, including two of the aforementioned 11, had an additional 17 documented pregnancies. Patients were matched by age and parity with controls. Obstetric complications occurred more frequently in the controls. Visual loss occurred with the same frequency in pregnant and nonpregnant patients. Treatment of PTC patients in pregnancy should be the same as for nonpregnant PTC patients, except that calorie restriction and diuretic use are contraindicated. Obstetric management is no different from that of normal pregnancy. PMID- 6539433 TI - Cerebral amyloid angiopathy as a cause of multiple intracerebral hemorrhages. AB - Clinical and pathologic findings in six autopsies and five biopsies of cerebral amyloid angiopathy associated with cerebromeningeal hemorrhages are presented. One patient had experienced a previous meningeal hemorrhage. Only two had chronic hypertension; the multiple fresh hematomas found in all the autopsied brains always spared the basal ganglia and brainstem, as did vascular lesions, which were mostly cortical and meningeal. Extensive lesions of Alzheimer's disease were found in the autopsied cases with dementia. The most significant feature for clinical diagnosis of hemorrhagic cerebral amyloid angiopathy is the presence of multiple hemorrhages in unusual locations in the absence of hypertension. PMID- 6539435 TI - Aging, Alzheimer's disease, and the cholinergic system of the basal forebrain. AB - All giant neurons of the medial basal forebrain stained for choline acetyltransferase (ChAT). Cell numbers declined from 400,000 to 475,000 in young controls to approximately 140,000 in elderly controls. Five senile dementia cases had counts ranging from 45,000 to 100,000 cells. ChAT levels in control frontal cortex decreased from 1.2 mumol/hr/100 mg protein at age 40 to 0.5 at age 95. Five senile dementia cases had levels ranging from 0.04 to 0.30. When the cholinergic cell count in the basal forebrain drops below about 100,000 cells, the level of cortical ChAT may be so low that clinical dementia appears. PMID- 6539434 TI - Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia in patients with cerebrovascular ischemic disease. AB - We studied 137 patients who were treated with heparin for cerebral infarction (73), partially reversible ischemic neurologic deficit (22), or transient ischemic attack (42). Platelet counts were performed before therapy, twice weekly, and at cessation of therapy. Platelets decreased in 118 patients (86%). In 21 (15.3%), platelets dropped greater than or equal to 40%; 9 of 14 new ischemic events and three of six deaths occurred in this group of patients. Because there was a significant association between poor outcome and platelet drop greater than or equal to 40% (p less than 0.001), we believe that platelets should be monitored frequently when patients are treated with heparin for ischemic cerebrovascular disease. PMID- 6539436 TI - Seizures and head injury in an urban community. AB - Among 811 patients hospitalized for head injury (HI) in the Bronx, 14 (1.7%) had HI caused by a seizure, 47 (5.8%) had a history of seizures of some type unrelated to the index HI episode, and 40 (4.9%) had a history of single or recurrent unprovoked seizures. The 40 patients who had unprovoked seizures and HI not caused by a seizure tended to have more severe HI and were more likely to abuse drugs and alcohol, but were otherwise similar to HI patients without a history of epilepsy. The number of cases observed is increased threefold over that expected if rates were similar to those in the predominantly white middle class community of Rochester, MN. We estimate the prevalence of epilepsy in the Bronx to be between 2.4 and 4.7%. PMID- 6539437 TI - Amnesia after anterior communicating artery aneurysm rupture. AB - We studied 11 patients with amnesia and personality change after surgical repair of ruptured anterior communicating artery ( ACoA ) aneurysm. CT and clinical evidence suggested that infarction in the territory of the ACoA was responsible for amnesia and personality change. The medial septal nuclei, the paraventricular nucleus of the anterior hypothalamus, and the medial forebrain bundle are the primary areas of potential interest in these cases. Gross infarction in the frontal lobes is not a requirement for the syndrome. PMID- 6539438 TI - The sweating deficiency in diabetes mellitus: methods of quantitation and clinical correlation. AB - A method that measures the amount of sweat evaporating from the skin was used to quantitate the sweating deficiency that accompanies diabetic neuropathy. The decreased amount of sweat secreted after pilocarpine stimulation was proportional to the reduction in number of excitable sweat glands, and to the decrease in water measured by the summed volume of all sweat droplets secreted. The results also correlated favorably with the degree of sensory loss to painful stimuli, but not to the alpha motor nerve conduction velocity or motor axon loss evaluated by muscle action potentials evoked from foot muscles. Respiratory-cardiovascular reflexes, as measured by the Valsalva ratio, were always abnormal in patients with demonstrated sweating deficiency and often in patients with normal sweat function. PMID- 6539440 TI - Oligoclonal bands in CSF: twins with MS. AB - Oligoclonal bands ( OCBs ) were examined in CSF from 23 normal controls, 8 cases of inflammatory neurologic diseases, 24 cases of noninflammatory neurologic diseases, 27 sporadic cases of MS, and the 29 MS twin pairs, by isoelectric focusing followed by silver staining or western transblotting and immunoperoxidase staining. These methods are sensitive enough to detect as little as 25 ng of IgG. OCBs were detected in the CSF of 34 of 35 twins with clinical evidence of MS and in the CSF of 12 of 17 clinically normal twins. In some of these normal twins, the presence of OCBs in CSF antedated clinical manifestations of the disease. PMID- 6539439 TI - Quantitative EEG alterations after isovolemic-hemodilutional augmentation of cerebral perfusion in stroke patients. AB - Eleven patients with ischemic neurologic deficits in the middle cerebral arterial (MCA) territory and ipsilateral slowing on initial EEG underwent venesection and equal volume replacement with intravenous 5% human serum albumin. As the mean hematocrit was reduced by 19%, the mean cerebral blood flow (CBF) in the MCA territory of the affected and contralateral hemisphere determined by the 133Xenon inhalation technique increased 18 and 21%, respectively. Similarly, CBF in the contralateral occipital region increased 17%. The percentage total slow-wave EEG activity (fractional sum of theta and delta activity, 1.0 to 7.5 Hz) determined by fourier analysis was reduced significantly in the affected MCA territory and in the contralateral occipital region within 1 to 2 hours after isovolemic hemodilution. Using quantitative EEG analysis, rapid improvement in background EEG activity can be demonstrated following the diffuse elevation in CBF by hemodilution. PMID- 6539442 TI - Mitral valve prolapse and cerebral ischemic events in young patients. AB - We evaluated 32 young patients with mitral valve prolapse (MVP) as the only recognized cause of cerebral ischemia. The mean follow-up from the time of the first ischemic event was 8 years. At the time of the follow-up evaluation, 24 patients (75%) had a normal cardiac examination, and 4 had midsystolic clicks; only 1 had the characteristic click-murmur. In 75%, the first ischemic event was stroke. When MVP-associated ischemia was recognized, 44% had recurrent ischemic events. In the mean 4-year period between diagnosis of MVP-associated ischemia and follow-up, 16% had recurrent ischemic events, but none had a new persistent deficit from these events. At the time of follow-up, 63% of patients were taking platelet antiaggregants or anticoagulants. These data suggest a good prognosis for recurrent ischemic events after diagnosis of MVP-associated ischemia. PMID- 6539441 TI - Epilepsy in prison: elevated prevalence and no relationship to violence. AB - The epidemiologic, clinical, and social characteristics of epilepsy were investigated in men entering the Illinois prison system and compared with a matched control group of prisoners without epilepsy. The prevalence of epilepsy was 2.4%, four times higher than the prevalence among men aged 20 to 39 in Rochester, MN. Head trauma was the probable cause of epilepsy among 45% of the prisoners with epilepsy, a much higher percentage than that reported in studies of other populations. In comparison with an age- and race-matched group of prisoners without epilepsy, the epilepsy group was not convicted of more serious or more violent crimes. PMID- 6539443 TI - Internuclear ophthalmoplegia and "optic neuritis": paraneoplastic effects of bronchial carcinoma. AB - A 56-year-old man developed bilateral internuclear ophthalmoplegia and "optic neuritis" as remote effects of a bronchial carcinoma. These clinical findings correlated pathologically with secondary demyelination of the medial longitudinal fasciculus and with round cell infiltration and adhesive arachnoiditis of the optic nerve. There was no evidence of CNS metastasis. "Optic neuritis" and internuclear ophthalmoplegia may be paraneoplastic effects of systemic cancer. PMID- 6539444 TI - Severity of Parkinson's disease and the dosage of bromocriptine. AB - In view of reports that low-dose bromocriptine (15 mg or less daily) therapy is effective in Parkinson's disease, we undertook a retrospective study of 79 patients with Parkinson's disease to evaluate factors that affect the optimal daily dose of bromocriptine in subjects whose intake of levodopa was decreased as bromocriptine was introduced. Doses of bromocriptine 15 mg or less daily were seldom therapeutic; doses of over 15 mg, up to 30 mg, were appropriate for patients with mild, early disease. Those with more severe symptoms of longer duration usually required larger doses. The optimal daily requirement of bromocriptine was correlated to the severity and duration of the illness, but not to the age of the patient. PMID- 6539445 TI - Adrenoleukodystrophy: clinical and biochemical manifestations in carriers. AB - We studied 21 women from four definite adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD) kinships . Nine women had a spastic paraparesis, including two with peripheral neuropathy. Fifteen women were assigned heterozygote status based on abnormal very-long-chain fatty acid ( VLCFA ) concentrations in plasma, fibroblasts, or both. These 15 included those with abnormal examinations and all women judged to be carriers by clinical criteria. Some ALD heterozygotes have varying degrees of neurologic disease, usually spastic paraparesis. Carrier detection is possible by determination of VLCFA concentrations in plasma and cultured skin fibroblasts. Any woman at risk in an ALD kinship, and who demonstrates a spastic paraparesis, should be assumed to be a carrier until biochemical testing is obtained. To determine whether a woman is an ALD carrier, measurement of plasma VLCFA levels should be done initially. If this gives normal or equivocal results, VLCFA levels should be measured in cultured skin fibroblasts. PMID- 6539446 TI - Cellular radiosensitivity: expression of an MS susceptibility gene? AB - As a group, of 40 MS patients exhibited significantly more cellular sensitivity to ionizing (gamma) radiation than 30 age- and sex-matched controls (p less than 0.0001), as measured by radiation-induced chromosome aberrations. Studies of phytohemagglutinin-stimulated T lymphocytes, B lymphoblastoid cell lines, and fibroblasts indicated that the cellular radiosensitivity was a general property of the cells of an individual. Patterns of cellular radiosensitivity among the unaffected first-degree relatives of some MS patients suggested autosomal dominant inheritance. Cellular radiosensitivity may be due to mutations of DNA processing that predispose to MS. PMID- 6539447 TI - The effect of corpus callosum lesions on unilateral neglect in monkeys. AB - The cerebral hemispheres may be mutually inhibitory. An injured hemisphere may continue to be inhibited while the uninjured hemisphere is released from inhibition, inducing attentional bias. Patients with neglect might therefore benefit from transection of the corpus callosum. To test this hypothesis, we ablated the frontal arcuate gyrus alone or several months after corpus callosum transection in monkeys. Neglect was significantly worse in animals with a corpus callosum transection. Therefore, the hemispheres may be mutually excitatory or compensatory, and a callosal transection would not be therapeutic. Because the rate of recovery in the two groups was not different, recovery seemed to be an intrahemispheric phenomenon. PMID- 6539448 TI - Irreversible neurologic complications of metrizamide myelography. AB - Metrizamide, a major contrast agent for myelographic procedures, has rarely been reported to cause irreversible neurologic complications. The major transient neurologic alterations include neuropsychological reactions, generalized tonic clonic seizures, and headaches. Two cases of irreversible spinal neurologic deficits resulting from metrizamide myelography are reported, and the factors that may increase the risks of complications in metrizamide myelographic studies are discussed, including preexisting dehydration, patient positioning, and the concentration of contrast agent. PMID- 6539449 TI - Unilateral pruritus and Nocardia brain abscess. AB - We studied a patient with unilateral itching associated with Nocardia brain abscess. Pruritus without a primary cutaneous eruption often indicates an underlying medical disorder, but has rarely been described in cerebral disease such as MS or infarctions. Our patient also had sensory loss and motor findings contralateral to the cerebral lesion, suggesting that itching may have cerebral representation contiguous to other sensations. PMID- 6539450 TI - Short-chain fatty acids and encephalopathy of Reye's syndrome. AB - Plasma levels of six short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) were measured in 23 Reye's syndrome patients. In sequential measurements, only propionic acid correlated closely with neurologic severity. Although admission SCFA levels were slightly elevated, there were no significant differences between patients grouped by severity of encephalopathy. Admission SCFA did not predict neurologic outcome; also, they correlated poorly with admission blood ammonia, amino acid nitrogen, and lactate. PMID- 6539451 TI - Cerebrospinal fluid creatine kinase activity and neurologic recovery after cardiac arrest. AB - We evaluated prospectively the relation between cerebrospinal fluid creatine kinase activity (CSF CK) and neurologic recovery after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Without knowledge of the enzyme results, we determined whether patients awoke, followed commands, or had comprehensible speech. CSF CK was significantly higher in never-awakening than in awakening patients. After cardiac arrest, elevation of CSF CK predicts poor neurologic recovery. PMID- 6539452 TI - Pilomotor seizures. AB - A 44-year-old man had frequent episodes of piloerection, or " gooseflesh ." Clinical and EEG evidence suggested that the attacks were pilomotor seizures, originating in the right temporal lobe. The cause was a glioblastoma. Paroxysmal piloerection is a rare manifestation of epilepsy. PMID- 6539454 TI - Naloxone in stroke. PMID- 6539453 TI - Normal neurologic development and marked reconstitution of cerebral mantle after postnatal treatment of intrauterine hydrocephalus. AB - We treated an infant who had severe congenital hydrocephalus and a massively enlarged head at birth. Despite extreme attenuation of the cerebral mantle, placement of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt at 4 weeks of age was followed by essentially normal neurologic development after several months. In addition, there was a striking reconstitution of the cerebral mantle. PMID- 6539455 TI - Cockayne's syndrome diagnosis. PMID- 6539456 TI - [Breast pathology from the viewpoint of a breast cancer outpatient clinic]. AB - 3450 women were examined in the Breast Cancer Clinic of the 2nd General Surgery Division of the Mantova Hospitals between November 1979 and November 1982. Cancer was found in 105 cases (3.04%). The variety of conditions observed and the tests used to discover whether they were benign or malignant are described. PMID- 6539457 TI - Sensory feedback modulates the central pacemaker of licking in rats. AB - The role of the tongue-spout contact in generation of regular licking has been examined in 10 rats trained to drink from a tube accessible through an 8-mm hole in the wall. Computer controlled retraction of the spout after completion of a photoelectrically monitored lick did not affect the timing and duration of the next lick in the burst, but the interlick interval and lick duration of subsequent licks were prolonged by about 10 ms. The effect was expressed the better the longer the series of licks (1 to 4) was emitted in the absence of the spout. It is argued that licking is a preprogrammed ballistic movement which can only be corrected after the last completed lick has been compared with the anticipated outcome. PMID- 6539458 TI - Pigeon's eyes converge during feeding: evidence for frontal binocular fixation in a lateral-eyed bird. AB - Pigeons' head-in-space and eye-in-head positions were simultaneously recorded (EOG) in video during feeding. A linear correlation was found between the experimentally measured eye convergence (sum of both EOGs ) and grain parallax (calculated from interocular and eye-to-grain distances). This graded convergence of the eyes on approaching a target is considered evidence of frontal binocular fixation. Since such convergence prevails when the animal is forced to rely on frontal monocular or on lateral vision, a central mechanism controlling frontal fixation in the pigeon must be presupposed . PMID- 6539459 TI - Supraventricular tachycardia. A probable complication of platinum treatment. AB - A 51-year-old woman with carcinoma of the ovary developed two episodes of supraventricular tachycardia during two consecutive cycles of combination chemotherapy. Both episodes occurred on day 5 of the 5-day continuous infusion schedule of cis-platinum. Underlying causes known to produce supraventricular tachycardia were ruled out. The possibility of platinum-related cardiac toxicity is discussed. PMID- 6539460 TI - Evaluation of chemotherapy in a murine model for bladder cancer. AB - A transplantable transitional cell murine bladder tumor induced by N-[4-(5-nitro 2-furyl)-thiazolyl] formamide (FANFT) was characterized by tumor growth, survival time and response to chemotherapy drugs, cis-dichloro-trans-dihydroxy-bis-iso propylamine platinum IV (CHIP), cis- diaminedichloro platinum II (DDP), cyclophosphamide (CTX) and methotrexate (MTX). Nontreated tumor-bearing mice were observed to survive 43 +/- 7 days (mean +/- SEM) with an average tumor burden of 8.45 +/- 0.65 g (mean +/- SEM) of solid tumor tissue. Lung metastasis was observed in 3 animals after 42-49 days post implantation. Microscopically, the primary tumor and the lung metastasis were structurally similar. In response to chemotherapy, tumor growth was significantly retarded (p less than 0.005) in the DDP-treated group, and survival was significantly increased in the CTX-treated group (p less than 0.001). Lung metastasis was observed in all treatment and control groups. This model has specific reproducible characteristics which make it a useful murine tumor model to study locally invasive bladder cancer. PMID- 6539462 TI - Who will sit on health care rationing board? PMID- 6539461 TI - Marketing ideas benefit patients, practice. PMID- 6539463 TI - Breast-feeding behavioral patterns among La Leche League mothers: a descriptive survey. AB - Many studies have documented the behavioral patterns of unrestricted breast feeding among Third World mothers, but knowledge of this behavior among Western women is lacking. La Leche League International is a strong advocate of unrestricted breast-feeding, a feeding behavior more characteristic of women in developing countries than in Western society. To investigate the breast-feeding patterns of La Leche League mothers, a pilot study of 24 active members was undertaken. Utilizing a home diary, a 2-month record of suckling frequency, vaginal bleeding, sexual intercourse, solid food supplements, and six-hour intervals without a suckling episode was maintained. The results show the La Leche League mother in this sample to be an average of 29 years old, white, and well-educated. She fed an infant an average of 15 times per day and frequently slept with her child. Frequency of mother and child sleeping together was inversely related to the frequency of marital intercourse. Prolonged lactational amenorrhea was also found, as 92% of the mothers nursing infants 5 to 16 months old had not regained their normal menstrual flow. La Leche League mothers represent a subset of nursing mothers who have a life-style of which the primary care physician must be aware in order to provide optimal maternal-infant care. PMID- 6539464 TI - Natriuretic factor exerts a ouabain-like activity in the rat colon in vitro. AB - A previously described natriuretic factor (NF) found in urine from man receiving a high salt diet has been postulated to be of hormonal nature. This factor inhibits Na-K ATPase and binds to ouabain receptors. In order to investigate if NF exerts its physiological activity through the Na-K ouabain sensitive pump, its capacity for inhibiting sodium transport has been tested in an in vitro rat colon preparation. Colonic mucosa from rats fed 0.55, 3.55, and 6.55 mmol Na a day were mounted in an Ussing chamber. Inhibition of short-circuit current (SCC) and PD was observed only when NF was added to the serosal side of the membrane and was similar to that observed with ouabain. In rats fed a low or normal salt diet, inhibition of SCC and PD starts after a lag period of 10 min and reaches its maximum inhibition (about 60%) after 90 min. By contrast colonic mucosa from rats receiving a high salt diet exhibits a higher SCC and PD (basal values) and inhibition of the sodium transport starts immediately after addition of NF to the bathing solution. The data demonstrate the similarity of physiological action of ouabain and natriuretic factor on the sodium transport by the colon in vitro. Experiments with rats receiving a high salt diet suggest that by contrast to the kidney, NaCl-dependent cotransport is strongly stimulated by the salt intake in the colon and could be directly inhibited by ouabain or a ouabain-like substance i.e. NF. PMID- 6539465 TI - Rat prostatic steroid binding protein: characterisation of the Alu element upstream of the C3 genes. AB - We have characterised an Alu-like repetitive element found about 400 bp upstream of the gene encoding the C3 component of rat prostatic steroid binding protein and suggest, from comparisons with other published sequences, that it is an example of a third class of rodent Alu-equivalent sequences. Members of this class are 80-90 bp long, share greater than 90% sequence homology, and contain sequences resembling the RNA polymerase III bipartite promoter. The Alu type III element within the C3 gene was found to be expressed in cell-free systems and within heterologous cells stably transfected with the C3 gene, but these transcripts were not detectable in rat ventral prostate. It therefore seems unlikely that expression of this sequence plays a role in expression from the adjacent C3 gene. PMID- 6539467 TI - Self-limited babesiosis in a splenectomized child. AB - This report describes a self-limited babesia infection in a splenectomized child with hereditary spherocytosis. This is the first report of infectious babesiosis in a child and the second case of babesiosis reported on Cape Cod. The infection manifested itself 6 weeks after a 4-hour exposure to Nantucket. Hemolysis lasted only 4 days and resolved without specific treatment. Parasitemia was documented after resolution of symptoms. PMID- 6539468 TI - Phaeohyphomycotic sinusitis. PMID- 6539466 TI - Human placental DNA methyltransferase: DNA substrate and DNA binding specificity. AB - We have partially purified a DNA methyltransferase from human placenta using a novel substrate for a highly sensitive assay of methylation of hemimethylated DNA. This substrate was prepared by extensive nick translation of bacteriophage XP12 DNA, which normally has virtually all of its cytosine residues replaced by 5 methylcytosine (m5C). Micrococcus luteus DNA was just as good a substrate if it was first similarly nick translated with m5dCTP instead of dCTP in the polymerization mixture. At different stages in purification and under various conditions (including in the presence or absence of high mobility group proteins), the methylation of m5C-deficient DNA and that of hemimethylated DNA were compared. Although hemimethylated , m5C-rich DNAs were much better substrates than were m5C-deficient DNAs and normal XP12 DNA could not be methylated, all of these DNAs were bound equally well by the enzyme. In contrast, from the same placental extract, a DNA-binding protein of unknown function was isolated which binds to m5C-rich DNA in preference to the analogous m5C-poor DNA. PMID- 6539469 TI - Mucinous cystadenocarcinoma of ovary with Leydig cell hyperplasia. PMID- 6539470 TI - Significance of idiopathic deep venous thrombosis. AB - The risk of developing an overt malignancy after an isolated deep venous thrombosis (DVT) is poorly documented. We therefore reviewed a series of patients in whom a solitary idiopathic DVT had been proven by venography at least 12 months earlier. No patient had developed a malignancy at follow-up. However, decreased fibrinolytic activity was observed in five out of the six patients aged less than 45 years. Patients with an idiopathic DVT should not be subjected to an exhaustive search for malignancy. PMID- 6539471 TI - Herpes simplex type 2 meningitis treated with acyclovir. AB - A case of meningitis due to a primary genital herpes simplex type 2 infection, and its prompt response to therapy with intravenous acyclovir is reported. This complication of genital herpes is probably underdiagnosed and it is worthwhile searching for evidence of genital herpetic lesions in a young patient presenting with viral meningitis. PMID- 6539472 TI - 3-Hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl coenzyme A reductase activity in chicks fed coumestrol, a phytoestrogen. AB - Coumestrol was examined for its effects upon cholesterol metabolism. Chicks (60) were fed control and coumestrol test diets with added levels of cholesterol for 3 weeks. In the first trial, dietary treatments of 0 ppm coumestrol, 10 ppm coumestrol, 10 ppm coumestrol plus 1% cholesterol, and 1% cholesterol resulted in plasma cholesterol levels of 144, 127, 179, and 193 mg/dl, respectively. Growth rates of chicks were not affected by treatments. The percent ether extract of liver was significantly elevated in chicks fed the diet containing 10 ppm coumestrol and 1% cholesterol. Copper and zinc in liver was reduced in chicks receiving either added dietary coumestrol or cholesterol. A second trial compared diets with 0, .05, .5, 5, and 50 ppm coumestrol. Plasma levels of cholesterol in chicks at 3 wks were 156, 152, 149, 145, and 115 mg/dl, respectively. Liver 3 hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl coenzyme A ( HMGCoA ) reductase activity in chicks fed 50 ppm coumestrol was elevated at Day 15 but had returned to control level by Day 21. Maximal HMGCoA reductase activity was found at 2000 hr and least activity at 0400 and 1400 hr. Peak HMGCoA reductase activity appeared strongly influenced by time of feed intake. Apparently, changes in HMGCoA reductase activity are secondary responses to reduced plasma cholesterol due to dietary coumestrol. PMID- 6539473 TI - Pyridoxine supplements in the premenstrual syndrome. PMID- 6539474 TI - The effect of diazepam on a conditioned emotional response in the rat. AB - Benzodiazepines have been shown to stimulate appetite and to affect behaviour in experimental situations that are viewed as providing a model of anxiety. However, the "anti-anxiety" effect is normally demonstrated in situations that use food to motivate behaviour. In the present research, the effect of diazepam was tested on the suppression of drinking brought about by a tone that had been previously paired with shock. Diazepam produced a marked decrease in the amount of time it took the animal to resume drinking, thus providing support for the anti-anxiety effect. Both acute and chronic modes of administration were effective, but the effect was even more clear-cut with chronic administration. PMID- 6539475 TI - Regional brain serotonin receptor changes in differentially housed mice: effects of amphetamine. AB - Several studies have shown that isolation-induced aggressive behavior in rodents may involve alterations in brain serotonin metabolism. The modified response, in isolated, aggressive mice, to several agents specific to serotonin receptors in the brain suggests an altered receptor availability for serotonin-like ligands. In the present study, isolated, aggressive mice showed a significant reduction in the number of serotonin binding sites in three major brain regions, and the effect of amphetamine sulfate varies according to the changes of receptors in differentially housed mice. PMID- 6539476 TI - Kinetic analysis of central nervous system supersensitivity induced in rats by long-term haloperidol administration. I. pA2 determination. AB - A kinetic analysis of central dopamine receptors in control and in experimental rats, withdrawn from long-term haloperidol treatment was made in vivo. Using the stereotyped behavior induced by apomorphine administration as the response, the relative affinity of metoclopramide as reflected by pA2 values, was examined in normal and supersensitive rats. Metoclopramide antagonized apomorphine stereotypy in a dose-dependent and competitive manner. At each dose tested, metoclopramide produced a larger rightward shift of the apomorphine dose-response curve in the control rats than in withdrawn rats. The Schild plot resulted in a straight line, the slopes being -1.2 +/- 0.3 and -0.8 +/- 0.2 for control and experimental rats, respectively. These findings suggest a decrease in receptor affinity after long term haloperidol treatment, a concept not demonstrated in binding studies in vitro. PMID- 6539478 TI - Natriuretic effect of naloxone in fasted, water-loaded rats. AB - The influence of naloxone (10 mg/kg i.p.) on water and electrolyte excretion was assessed in water-loaded rats subjected to fasting or fasting and refeeding. In fed animals, naloxone had no effect on water or electrolyte excretion compared to saline injected controls. However, during fasting, which has been shown to activate endogenous opioid systems, naloxone had a marked natriuretic effect (43 +/- 10 vs. 11 +/- 4 muEq/100 g X 2 h, p less than 0.05). Naloxone increased the sodium excretion to a level not significantly different from fed animals. Potassium and water excretion were not significantly changed compared to saline injected rats. The results suggest that fasting activates a naloxone-sensitive mechanism for sodium retention, perhaps by increasing the release of endogenous opioid peptides, and that refeeding inhibits this mechanism. PMID- 6539477 TI - The effect of phenobarbital on serum hormone levels and their diurnal variations in pregnancy. AB - The effect of phenobarbital (PB) on serum hormones in late pregnancy was investigated. 18 pregnant women were studied before and after 2 weeks of PB treatment (100 mg per os, daily at 8 p.m.) by measuring serum estradiol, estriol, progesterone, testosterone, prolactin and cortisol concentrations. 7 pregnant women without PB therapy served as controls. Estradiol levels in the morning decreased, whereas those of estriol increased both in the morning and evening during PB treatment. The estriol/estradiol ratio increased in women on PB. PB affected the diurnal variation of hormones; the decrease in estradiol concentration between 8 a.m. and 8 p.m. was eliminated and the decrease in estriol concentration became more clear. PB did not significantly affect the serum levels of the other hormones investigated. As an enzyme-inducer PB may affect the fate of sex hormones. PMID- 6539479 TI - Analgesia induced by painful stimulation and/or anticipation of pain; different mechanisms are operating. AB - Various stresses (i.e. transfer stress, exposition of animals to a new environment, footshock stress, anticipation stress) were found to produce hypalgesia as judged from an increase of the tail - flick latency in rats. Hypalgesia induced by transfer stress was slightly reduced by diazepam (5 mg per kg), but very significantly by chlorpromazine (5 mg per kg). Footshock-stress induced analgesia lasted less than 15 min. Because naloxone or dexamethasone did not block the footshock-induced analgesia, the participation of the endorphinergic system in this form of stress-induced analgesia is not probable. During the 30 min lasting conditioned reaction to footshock administration (called here anticipation stress), marked analgesia was observed. This anticipation-stress-induced analgesia was blocked by naloxone, dexamethasone and chlorpromazine; no blockade was observed after diazepam. These observations suggest that the endorphinergic system in this form plays a role in stress induced analgesia. The comparison of the effects of naloxone and/or dexamethasone on the analgesia induced by footshock on the one hand and analgesia induced by anticipation stress on the other thus suggests that different antinociceptive mechanisms are activated by the unconditioned and/or conditioned stimulus. PMID- 6539480 TI - Spontaneous vigilance fluctuations in the daytime. PMID- 6539481 TI - Cellular ATP content of heated Chinese hamster ovary cells. AB - Hyperthermia at either 41.5 or 45 degrees C with variable heating times to reduce cell survival up to three orders of magnitude did not decrease significantly cellular ATP content when measured either immediately or up to 7 hr after a heat treatment. Similarly, cellular ATP content was not significantly reduced with step-down heating, precooling prior to hyperthermia, or thermotolerance induction. The data suggest that heat-induced depletion of intracellular ATP content is not a critical factor in the thermal death of cells heated under normal culture conditions. PMID- 6539482 TI - Glutathione depletion, radiosensitization, and misonidazole potentiation in hypoxic Chinese hamster ovary cells by buthionine sulfoximine. AB - Buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) inhibits the synthesis of glutathione (GSH), the major nonprotein sulfhydryl (NPSH) present in most mammalian cells. BSO concentrations from 1 microM to 0.1 mM reduced intracellular GSH at different rates, while BSO greater than or equal to 0.1 mM (i.e., 0.1 to 2.0 mM), resulting in inhibitor-enzyme saturation, depleted GSH to less than 10% of control within 10 hr at about equal rates. BSO exposures used in these experiments were not cytotoxic with the one exception that 2.0 mM BSO/24 hr reduced cell viability to approximately 50%. However, alterations in either the cell doubling time(s) or the cell age density distribution(s) were not observed with the BSO exposures used to determine its radiosensitizing effect. BSO significantly radiosensitized (ER = 1.41 with 0.1 mM BSO/24 hr) hypoxic, but not aerobic, CHO cells when the GSH and NPSH concentrations were reduced to less than 10 and 20% of control, respectively, and maximum radiosensitivity was even achieved with microM concentrations of BSO (ER = 1.38 with 10 microM BSO/24 hr). Furthermore, BSO exposure (0.1 mM BSO/24 hr) also enhanced the radiosensitizing effect of various concentrations of misonidazole on hypoxic CHO cells. PMID- 6539483 TI - Influence of conditioned psychological stress on immunological recovery in mice exposed to low-dose X irradiation. AB - A study was initiated to determine the effects of psychological stress on the immune response in BALB/c mice recovering from exposure to a low dose of ionizing radiation. Mice were first subjected to conditioning training for 12 days, then exposed to 200 R, subjected to psychological stress for 14 days, and assessed for peak anti-sheep RBC response. The seven treatment groups included two unirradiated groups and five irradiated groups. Mice exposed to 200 R and then subjected to conditioned psychological stress responded less vigorously to antigenic stimulation than those of the other irradiated groups. The psychological stress imposed upon these mice did not influence the antibody forming capacity of unirradiated mice. These results indicate that a psychological stress which did not affect the immunological activity of unirradiated mice can curtail the immunological recovery of mice exposed to low doses of ionizing radiation. PMID- 6539484 TI - G2 cells: progression delay and survival. AB - The progression of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) G2 cells into mitosis and their survival was measured after X-ray doses up to 4.0 Gy. S-phase cells were prevented from reaching mitosis by labeling with 125IUdR for 10 min prior to irradiation of the exponentially growing monolayer of cells. Mitotic cells, located past the radiation-induced division delay transition point, did not suffer a delay and were selected separately prior to the recovery of the G2 cells. The results show that (1) up to 400 min after radiation only 55% of the G2 cells recovered after about 2.5 Gy; (2) the progression delay of the G2 cells that recovered was 52.5 min/Gy; and (3) the survival curve D0 for these cells, 2.45 Gy, indicated a radioresistant population. PMID- 6539485 TI - Side effects of dextroamphetamine and methylphenidate in hyperactive children--a brief review. AB - Four of the most commonly reported side effects of dextroamphetamine ( Dexedrine ) and methylphenidate (Ritalin), viz., anorexia, insomnia, stomach pains, and weight loss, were reviewed, with special attention to growth suppression accompanying weight loss. The available evidence indicates that the effects of insomnia, anorexia, and stomach pains are transient and diminish as treatment continues and as medication is properly managed. There is evidence for growth suppression accomapnying weight loss, and possibly some suppression of stature, but these effects are not long-lasting and, from existing evidence, seem to have little effect on adult height or weight. PMID- 6539486 TI - Intervals between long acting neuroleptics: outcome and re-admission variables. AB - A drug monitoring programme has evaluated flexibility in the use of treatment intervals with Depot Fluphenazine. In this large group of schizophrenics over 30% receive injections at intervals of over 3 weeks or longer, with an overall relapse rate of 24%. Analysis of the intervals reveals in those who relapse, that 20% of cases increased their interval by an average of 7 weeks. Generally, there was an increase in intervals by the patients in the second year of treatment. PMID- 6539488 TI - Ethanol preference in mice following acute or chronic ethanol administration. AB - C57Bl mice, unlike LACG or BALB mice, show a significant preference for 12% (w/v) ethanol solution compared to water. C57Bl mice which have been rendered tolerant to but not dependent upon ethanol by a programme of enforced ethanol drinking lose this preference on withdrawal of compulsory ethanol. Loss of preference also occurs following one or more acute injections of ethanol ( 4ml /kg) and persists in mice 12 weeks following withdrawal. It is suggested that this long-lasting loss of preference has a CNS basis and is not due merely to taste aversion. PMID- 6539487 TI - Schedule-induced self injection of drugs. AB - The schedule-induced polydipsia paradigm has been used to induce oral ingestion of large volumes of alcohol, barbiturate and other drug solutions. We have developed a method of schedule-induced self injection which allows the study of acquisition and maintenance of drug intake behaviour in changing environments free from the interference of taste factors or imbalances due to excessive water intake. In this paper we review our findings on the acquisition and maintenance patterns of amphetamine, methadone, heroin, alcohol, nicotine, cocaine, delta 9 THC and haloperidol . For all drugs except amphetamine, the combination of schedule and nutritional deprivation leads to the highest rates of drug intake although the schedule does not appear to be a potent factor at free feeding weight. Drug intake is the result of the interaction of environmental factors and pharmacological properties of the drugs, rather than the effects of drug or environmental factors separately . From a number of preliminary studies, data on corticosterone response in drug self-injection behaviour and the function of the nucleus accumbens septum are presented. PMID- 6539489 TI - Clinical assessment scales for biological psychiatry to be used in WHO studies. PMID- 6539490 TI - Monitoring of haloperidol serum levels and it's clinical significance. AB - Haloperidol serum levels were determined by the recently developed radioimmunoassay technique to elucidate the relationship between serum levels and clinical effects and that between serum levels and adverse effects. The serum levels of haloperidol in divided daily doses schedule reached to the steady state more rapidly (within 7 days) than in single dose schedule. The single daily dose schedule showed significantly wider diurnal variation than the divided daily doses schedule. No remarkable differences in serum concentration was noted between different types of oral haloperidol preparation (liquid, granule, tablet). No definite relationship was established between the serum concentration of haloperidol and incidence of tardive dyskinesia. No definite positive relationship between clinical effects and serum concentration of haloperidol could obtained. PMID- 6539492 TI - [Controversies on the etiology and treatment of the premenstrual syndrome]. PMID- 6539491 TI - Urinary excretion of 2,3-dinor-thromboxane B2 in man under normal conditions, following drugs and during some pathological conditions. AB - Quantitation of 2,3-dinor-thromboxane B2 (2,3-dinor-TxB2) was performed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Under normal conditions the urinary excretion of 2,3-dinor-TxB2 was relatively constant in the same individual from day to day but during a 24-hour period a somewhat higher excretion rate was found during the first few hours after awakening. A pronounced reduction of the urinary excretion of 2,3-dinor-TxB2 was found after oral administration of 500 mg of aspirin or 50 mg of indomethacin, while 500 mg of paracetamol did not affect the urinary excretion. Increased excretion of 2,3-dinor-TxB2 was found in normal pregnancies and in diseases such as diabetes mellitus and homocysteinuria in comparison to the urinary excretion in normal healthy subjects. We also report one case, where the urinary excretion of 2,3-dinor-TxB2 was increased for a short period following the first symptoms of a myocardial infarction and those data indicate that thromboxane A2 (TxA2) may be of pathophysiological importance in human myocardial infarction. The results strongly indicate that measurements of the urinary excretion of 2,3-dinor-TxB2 should be meaningful as a tool for investigation of the involvement of thromboxane in various pathophysiological processes in vivo in man. PMID- 6539493 TI - Interlaboratory variability in the determination of estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor content in human breast tumors: quality control in Switzerland. PMID- 6539494 TI - Estrogen and progestin receptor analysis in human breast cancer by isoelectric focusing in slabs of polyacrylamide gel. PMID- 6539495 TI - Genetic and environmental influence on inspiratory resistive load detection. AB - To differentiate genetic factors from environmental forces in determining threshold for resistance load detection (RLD), 62 healthy adolescent twins (mean age = 16 years) and 74 healthy adult twins (mean age = 34 years) were studied by the standard psychophysical technique. The zygosity was determined by blood groups, finger prints, and physical appearances. Mean values for age, height, weight, pulmonary functions (FVC, FEV1, FEV1/FVC, Raw, and FRC) were not different between monozygotic (MZ) and dizygotic (DZ) pairs either in adolescent or adult twins. Threshold for RLD was analyzed in terms of added resistance divided by airway resistance plus apparatus resistance (Weber fraction) and mouth pressure (P) at the threshold. Both Weber fraction and P were equivalent between MZ and DZ either in adolescent or adult twins. In adolescence, within-pair variance for P was significantly greater in DZ than in MZ, but within-pair variances for Weber fraction were similar between MZ and DZ, the former indicating that threshold for RLD is predominantly influenced by genetic factors. In adults, within-pair variances for Weber fraction and P were not different between MZ and DZ, indicating that environmental factors predominate over genetic factors. When adolescent and adult twins were lumped together, mean values for Weber fraction and P were not different between male and female. Relationship between P and age was significant both in male and female. P (male) = 0.281 + 0.013 X age (years) +/- SD 0.36 cm H2O, and P (female) = 0.235 + 0.013 X age (years) +/- 0.48 cm H2O. These results indicate that the threshold for RLD is influenced predominantly by genetic factors in adolescence, but environmental factors predominate in the adult. Although sex difference is not clear, P at the threshold increases with age in both sexes. PMID- 6539496 TI - Clinicopathologic correlation of krypton red, argon blue-green, and argon green laser photocoagulation in the human fundus. AB - One day before the scheduled enucleation for a choroidal melanoma, a patient agreed to have experimental laser burns placed in her fundus for the purpose of comparing the histopathologic effects of krypton red, argon green, and argon blue green laser photocoagulation. When photocoagulation burns were applied to simulate treatment for a juxtafoveal choroidal neovascular membrane ( NVM ) there was relative inner retinal sparing with krypton red and transretinal effects with argon green. When treatment was applied outside the macula to simulate scatter or panretinal photocoagulation (PRP), there were no differences in histopathologic effect. This suggests that krypton red laser photocoagulation may be advantageous in treating juxtafoveal neovascular membranes, but is of no particular advantage when treating outside the macula. PMID- 6539497 TI - Histopathology and ultrastructure of krypton and argon laser lesions in a human retina-choroid. AB - The authors studied a normal eye 24 hours after retinal treatment with argon and krypton photocoagulation. The findings indicate the relative sparing of the inner retina and greater choroidal effects of krypton when compared with argon photocoagulation. Bruch's membrane was not completely ruptured as long as the energy densities of burns were kept low. Krypton wavelengths are transmitted more effectively to the pigment epithelium and choroid. Therefore, the use of relatively lower and therefore safer power densities compared with the argon laser should suffice for the treatment of diseases at this level. PMID- 6539498 TI - An atypical case of megakaryoblastic leukaemia. PMID- 6539499 TI - Dyskeratosis congenita. Haematologic, cytogenetic, and dermatologic studies. AB - In a family of 5 boys and 6 girls, 3 brothers have clinical dyskeratosis congenita. Teeth from 2 of the patients were taurodent , and mineral density of the enamel was significantly different from normal. The haematopoietic marrow was hypocellular and there was striking prominence of plasma cells having normal morphology; no granulomata were demonstrated. The decreased erythroid precursors in the marrow correlated with quantitatively reduced erythropoiesis demonstrated on ferrokinetic studies. Recurrent infections occurred but could not be related to neutropenia, and granulocytes and monocytes retained normal function. No abnormality was demonstrated in humoral or cellular immune mechanisms. While superficially similar, dyskeratosis congenita and Fanconi's anaemia are genetically distinct, being X-linked in the former and inherited as an autosomal recessive in the latter. PMID- 6539500 TI - [Congestive cardiomyopathy and pyruvate elevation in a case of Charcot-Marie Tooth disease]. AB - The case is reported of a patient with Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease and congestive cardiomyopathy. This is an exceptional association and suggests there could be transitional forms between Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease and Friedreich ataxia, which is frequently associated with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. A disorder of pyruvate metabolism observed in our patient could explain both the neurologic and cardiac symptoms. PMID- 6539501 TI - Illusory contours and cortical neuron responses. AB - Figures in which human observers perceive "illusory contours" were found to evoke responses in cells of area 18 in the visual cortex of alert monkeys. The cells responded as if the contours were formed by real lines or edges. Modifications that weakened the perception of contours also reduced the neuronal responses. In contrast, cells in area 17 were apparently unable to "see" these contours. PMID- 6539502 TI - Intragastric self-infusion of ethanol by ethanol-preferring and -nonpreferring lines of rats. AB - An ethanol-preferring line of rats, developed by selective breeding, consumed as much as 9.4 +/- 1.7 grams of ethanol per kilogram of body weight per day through intragastric self-infusions, yielding blood ethanol concentrations of 92 to 415 milligrams per 100 milliliters. By contrast, the ethanol- nonpreferring line self administered only 0.7 +/- 0.2 gram per kilogram per day. These findings indicate that the reinforcing effect of ethanol is postabsorptive and is not mediated by the drug's smell or taste. Hence the ethanol-preferring line of rats may be suitable animal model of alcoholism. PMID- 6539503 TI - Oral tobacco: another cause for dizziness. AB - The popularity of oral tobacco is rapidly increasing especially among young men. This case demonstrates that dizziness is one of its many possible adverse effects. Physicians should routinely inquire about the use of oral tobacco, record the amount used, and teach patients how to examine the mouth for areas of leukoplakia. They should also be told about the potential adverse effects of this habit. PMID- 6539504 TI - Shrinkage as a measure of the effect of load on the spine. AB - A new method for measuring spinal load is proposed, whereby changes in body height are used as a measure of disc compression. The rate and magnitude of disc compression are caused by the loading and its temporal pattern. A device is reported for measuring body height (SD less than 1 mm). Experiments showed the dinural shrinkage during a working day and the rapid recovery when lying down. Other experiments demonstrated how the rate of shrinkage is a function of the load on the spine. Further, shrinkage when sitting in different chairs has been compared, and the results are in agreement with disc pressure measurements, reported in the literature. Finally, examples are given of how the method can be used in ergonomic evaluations. PMID- 6539505 TI - Treatment of progressive ovarian cancer with cis-platinum and doxorubicin. AB - Thirty-two patients with progressive ovarian carcinoma which had not responded to primary therapy were treated with cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (II) (CDDP) (50 mg/m2) and doxorubicin (50 mg/m2) on day 1 as second-line chemotherapy. An overall response rate of 28% was achieved, the mean duration of response being 5 months. These results are not significantly different from results achieved with other agents used in similar circumstances, but in the light of recent experience it is suggested that this combination warrants a trial as first-line therapy. PMID- 6539506 TI - Paecilomyces lilacinus (Thom) Samson, from systemic infection in an armadillo (Dasypus novemcinctus). AB - Paecilomyces lilacinus was recovered in culture from pulmonary lesions and other internal organs of a captive armadillo. Impression films and smears of the lung tissue revealed numerous budding yeast-like cells, many of them appearing encapsulated and resembling intracellular forms of Histoplasma capsulatum. Yeast like forms developed in culture on appropriate media at 35 degrees C. The armadillo isolate was compared in culture at both 27 degrees C and 35 degrees C with bamboo rat and human isolates of Penicillium marneffei. The two species were also subjected to serologic and pathogenicity studies. Sensitivities of the armadillo isolate to five antifungal agents in vitro were consistent with those of three human isolates of this species but contrasted sharply with those of P. marneffei. PMID- 6539507 TI - Experimental infection of mice by Fonsecaea pedrosoi and Wangiella dermatitidis. AB - After i.v. inoculation in cortisone-pretreated mice Fonsecaea pedrosoi produced a chronic infection characterized by black lesions in the skin and subcutis with sclerotic bodies resembling the tissue form of human chromomycosis in addition to lesions in the brain and other organs. Wangiella dermatitidis inoculated into unpretreated mice produced an acute, fatal cerebral infection closely resembling human phaeohyphomycosis. Abundant hyphal growth was observed in the brain tissue. PMID- 6539508 TI - Lindau's disease and familial hyperparathyroidism. AB - A case of medullary hemangioblastoma is described occurring in association with familial hyperparathyroidism. The possibility that this combination may represent a previously unreported variant of Lindau's disease is discussed. PMID- 6539510 TI - [Clinical picture of idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis (the experience of 103 patient cases)]. PMID- 6539509 TI - Effect of prostaglandin E1 on blood flow in normal and ischemic canine hindlimbs. AB - Prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) is a potent vasodilator that will increase peripheral blood flow. After infusion of PGE1, little is known about the distribution of flow between skin and muscle or the effect of PGE1 on an ischemic leg. We infused intra-arterially PGE1 (5 ng/kg/min) into normal and ischemic canine hindlimbs. Radioactive microspheres were used to measure nutrient flow to skin and muscle and flow shunted through arteriovenous connections. Intra-arterial PGE1 caused significant increases in skin blood flow in both normal and ischemic hindlimbs. Shunted flow did not increase. Muscle flow increased in normal canine hindlimbs, but this increase was prevented by femoral artery ligation. We conclude that PGE1 increases absolute nutrient flow rather than opening arteriovenous shunts in the canine hindlimb. Skin flow is most sensitive to prostaglandin infusion. Muscle flow is increased in normal but not ischemic limbs. PGE1 may be useful in situations where vasospasm is a prominent feature. The role of PGE1 in atherosclerotic ischemic disease remains unclear. PMID- 6539511 TI - Neuromuscular disease due to tobacco use. PMID- 6539512 TI - The behaviour of urokinase and porcine kidney cell plasminogen activator towards some synthetic peptides. AB - The behaviour of human urokinase and porcine kidney cell plasminogen activator towards some synthetic substrates has been investigated. Although N- benzyloxycarbonylglycylglycyl -L-arginine 4-methyl-7- coumarylamide (Z-Gly-Gly Arg-Amc) (I), glutaryl-Gly-Arg-Amc (II) and Z-Gly-Gly-Arg-Val-OMe (III) were substrates, Boc-Gly-Gly-Arg-Val-Val-Gly-Gly-OEt (IV) and Z-Ala-Pro-Gly-Arg-Val Val-Gly-Gly-OEt (V) were neither substrates nor inhibitors. Steady-state kinetic parameters for the hydrolysis of (II) and (III) by urokinase and porcine kidney cell plasminogen activator were similar. PMID- 6539513 TI - The level of extrinsic plasminogen activator (t-PA) during clotting as a determinant of the rate of fibrinolysis; inefficiency of activators added afterwards. AB - Dissolution of washed fibrin clots in vitro was found to depend on the concentration of extrinsic (tissue-type) plasminogen activator (t-PA) during clotting. Washed fibrin clots prepared from t-PA-rich plasma lyse spontaneously within a few hours, but similar clots, prepared from t-PA-poor plasma, do not lyse within 24 hours, neither spontaneously nor on addition of t-PA, streptokinase (SK) or urokinase (UK). When washed fibrin clots were suspended in buffered saline to which t-PA, SK or UK was added, lysis was enhanced by addition of lys-plasminogen to the buffer. This observation may have important consequences for the interpretation of fibrinolytic experiments in vitro and in vivo, for the management of a variety of diseases complicated by fibrin depositions, and eventually for thrombolytic therapy with t-PA. PMID- 6539514 TI - Fibrinolytic activity in healthy volunteers before and after 5 to 20 minutes of venous occlusion. AB - We have determined in 22 volunteers the fibrinolytic activities of regular and of dextran sulfate precipitated euglobulin fractions in the presence and absence of flufenamate before and after 5 to 20 min of venous occlusion. Using the fibrin plate assay, Hageman factor Independent Intrinsic Fibrinolytic activity ( HIIF ) was measured in plasma euglobulins obtained from resting subjects in the morning. Hageman factor Dependent Intrinsic Fibrinolysis ( HDIF ) was calculated by subtracting the HIIF from the activity obtained after activation of the "resting plasma" by dextran sulfate. The activity of vascular Plasminogen Activator (v-PA) released after venous stasis was determined by subtraction of resting HIIF from post-occlusion total plasminogen activator activity. In normal subjects, the distribution of all activities followed a logarithmic scale. Twelve of 22 volunteers exhibited maximal v-PA activity after 20 min of venous occlusion. In three, it was maximal after 5 min, in three others after 10 min, and in four after 15 min of venous stasis. These results demonstrates that it may not be possible to clearly distinguish normal from abnormal responders using a stasis test of fixed duration. PMID- 6539515 TI - Human ureter, a source of tissue plasminogen activator. AB - In organ cultures of human ureters, plasminogen activators were released into the medium. Unlike most tissue cultures that release mainly urokinase (UK), the activators released by ureter cultures were predominantly of the tissue-type (t PA), as shown by radioimmunoassay. Using affinity chromatography it was possible to distinguish two activities. One minor fraction was quenched by antibodies against UK, but not by antibodies against t-PA. The other activity was quenched by antibodies against t-PA, but not by those against UK, and required the presence of fibrin to activate plasminogen. Because of the large amount of t-PA, cells derived from human ureter might well prove to be a useful source of t-PA. PMID- 6539516 TI - Morphologic study of cytoskeletal systems of mouse hepatocytes using polyethylene glycol-embedding method. AB - SM mouse livers extracted by immersion in 1% Triton X-100, or in 1% Triton X-100 followed by 0.3 M KI were studied electron microscopically using the polyethylene glycol-embedding method. After extraction with 1% Triton X-100, almost all the structural components of hepatocytes remained intact and cytoplasmic filaments could be seen three-dimensionally by using stereopairs of micrographs. It was difficult, however, to discriminate microfilaments, intermediate-sized filaments and microtubules from one anoter in these specimes . By immersion in 1% Triton X 100 followed by 0.3 M KI, hepatocytes were extracted remaining only plasma membranes, vesicles and filaments. These filaments were approximately 10 nm in diameter, that is intermediate in size. They were branched and were connected with plasma membranes, especilly at desmosomes. The combination method of immersion extraction and PEG-embedding seems to be suitable for the electron microscopic observation of the cytoskeleton of cells in situ. PMID- 6539517 TI - Monitoring of organ formation in rat embryos after in vitro exposure to azathioprine, mercaptopurine, methotrexate or cyclosporin A. AB - Rat embryos in the organ formation phase (days 9.5-11.5 post coitum) were cultivated in pure rat serum in the presence of an Aroclor 1254 pretreated liver microsomal preparation (S9-mix). Various concentrations of the immunosuppressive drugs azathioprine (AZ), 6-mercaptopurine (MP), methotrexate (MTX) or cyclosporin A (CS-A) were added at the beginning of the culture period. Forty-eight hours later, malformations were observed in the AZ, MP and MTX treated embryos at concentrations as low as 1 microgram/ml, 1.8 micrograms/ml and 0.05 microgram/ml, respectively. This indicates that these drugs have a direct effect on embryonic development. They selectively affected the rhombencephalic and telencephalic brain regions. Other malformations were seen in the caudal trunk, the heart and forelimb regions, and in the vesicular structures. It is suggested that the similarity of the pharmacological action of these drugs, that is, the DNA de novo synthesis inhibition, was the cause of the comparable types of malformations observed. Higher AZ, MP and MTX concentrations caused concentration-dependent increases in the types and incidences of malformations, as well as inhibited overall growth and differentiation. CS-A, a new type of immunosuppressant agent, had no effect on the morphogenetic events at the concentrations tested. These results are generally in agreement with the literature data, indicating that AZ, MP and MTX induce malformations in whole-animal systems, whereas CY-A does not. When AZ and MTX were assayed in the rat species in vivo, on the other hand, embryolethalities and retardations, but few malformations, were observed. The possibility of controlled exposure in vitro may, therefore, offer the advantage that clearer distinctions between embryolethal and teratogenic effects can be made. PMID- 6539518 TI - A persistent type of erythrocyte polyagglutinability Th. PMID- 6539519 TI - Trichomonal vaginitis in Nigerian women. AB - The frequency of trichomonal vaginitis and the epidemiological factors associated with it as seen at the Special Treatment Clinic, University College Hospital, Ibadan, over an eighteen-month period is presented. The usual association of this infection with other genital infections is highlighted and the possible inherent serious dangers of associations such as pelvic inflammatory disease and infertility are discussed. PMID- 6539521 TI - Pleomorphic carcinoma of the gallbladder: case report and ultrastructural study. AB - Carcinomas of the gallbladder with pleomorphic spindle cell histology are unusual. We report such an occurrence in a 47-year-old male with a neoplasm showing both a mixed squamous and a pleomorphic spindle cell pattern. Ultrastructural studies supported the likelihood that this lesion represented a pleomorphic carcinoma and revealed unique paracrystalline structures intimately associated with tonofilaments. For this reason we believe that this and some other previously diagnosed sarcomas and carcinosarcomas of the gallbladder are in reality poorly differentiated carcinomas of either adeno, squamous, or mixed type. This illustrates the need for critical ultrastructural assay to determine the nature of poorly defined and differentiated neoplastic growths. PMID- 6539520 TI - [Karyological characteristics of continuous mouse cell lines infected with the scrapie agent]. AB - A karyological study of murine cell line L, latently infected with different strains of the scrapie agent (Compton and C-506) showed that the both variants number of chromosomes and the number of Robertson's translocations of chromosomes decrease insignificantly with an increase in the time of subcultivation. The use of the C-method of differential chromosome staining revealed four new analogous chromosomes in both experimental cell lines. This phenomenon is probably specific for this infected cell model. PMID- 6539522 TI - [Immunopathology of pregnancy]. PMID- 6539523 TI - Steroid hormone receptors in the female lower urinary tract. AB - The preliminary results of a study to estimate the level of cytosol oestrogen and progesterone receptors in the lower urinary tract are presented. 29 full thickness biopsies were obtained from the vault, trigone and urethra of 9 female surgical patients aged 13-72 years. Cytosol assay for oestradiol-17 beta receptors and progesterone receptors was performed. Oestrogen receptors were present in all 5 urethral specimens examined and with a consistently higher concentration in the middle and distal thirds in comparison to the proximal urethra. In only 1 of the 9 vault specimens and 8 trigone specimens were receptors found and those in small quantities. No progesterone receptors were determined in any of the vault, trigone and urethral specimens examined. The presence of oestrogen receptors in the middle and distal thirds of the human female urethra is strong supportive evidence of the sensitivity of the urethra to oestrogens, and the higher concentration of those receptors in these sites in comparison to the proximal urethra, vault and trigone confirms the common embryological origin of the distal urethra and vagina from the definitive urogenital sinus. The absence of measurable progesterone receptors in all the lower urinary tract specimens examined is discussed. PMID- 6539524 TI - Orchiectomy and chemotherapy with estramustine, cis-platinum, cyclophosphamide, and 5-fluorouracil in newly diagnosed prostate cancer with bone metastases. PMID- 6539525 TI - Neuronal ceroid-lipofuscinosis in a mature dog. PMID- 6539526 TI - Cutaneous staphylococcosis in rabbits. AB - An outbreak of cutaneous staphylococcosis caused high mortality among newborn and very young rabbits. The most typical lesions were exudative dermatitis in the youngest, subcutaneous abscesses in rabbits of all ages and mastitis in lactating does. Generalised staphylococcosis was a frequent secondary manifestation of the disease. PMID- 6539527 TI - Alternative veterinary medicine. PMID- 6539528 TI - Type 2 ostertagiasis in milking dairy heifers. PMID- 6539529 TI - [Quantitative methods of assessing the severity of an epizootic situation]. AB - n order to evaluate the epizootic status of a particular territory for a given moment or a period of time with regard to the infectious diseases one has adopted Tarshis ' formula. The present work deals with the comparative approbation of this formula, using a modified formula in which a parameter characterizing the intensity of the epizootic process was introduced. The epizootic situation and its severity was determined by the two formulas for each district of the country with regard to the following infectious diseases: gangrenous mastitis and listeriosis of sheep, swine erysipelas, and anthrax of all kinds of farm animals- all for the 1970-1981 period. A categorization of the districts is effected according to the values obtained. It was found that the modified formula is important for the objectivization of the severity of the epizootic status as it reflected also the territorial spread and intensity of the epizootic process. PMID- 6539530 TI - [Changes in the circadian rhythm of oral temperature under the effect of mud- and balneotherapy in patients with arthroses]. PMID- 6539531 TI - [Pathogenesis of hemostasis disorders in malignant neoplasms]. AB - The study was concerned with the effect of thrombin and Xa-factor on the procoagulative and fibrinolytic properties of cultured malignant cells (Hep-2). It was found that active coagulative factors of the blood promote the procoagulative and fibrinolytic potential of neoplasms involving the release of thromboplastic compounds and plasminogen activator into the environment. PMID- 6539532 TI - [Immune and hormonal response to dimethylnitrosamine]. AB - The study was concerned with assay of levels of 11- HOCS in blood and adrenal tissues and antibody-producing cells in the spleen as well as spontaneous rosette formation by blood thymic and splenic lymphocytes in the course of carcinogenesis induced in experimental animals by nitrosodimethylamine treatment. Heightening of adrenal cortical function was registered at two stages: at an early stage of carcinogenesis--two months after nitrosodimethylamine treatment, and during tumor progression--after 7 months. Cellular immunity inhibition was observed at the said periods. PMID- 6539533 TI - [Immunologic analysis of the pathology developing in mice as a results of intrauterine infection with the influenza virus]. AB - The progency of C57BL/6 mice consisting of three groups: with signs of slow influenza infection ("dwarf"), "nude-like" resembling nude mice, and "nude-like" with spontaneous fur growth, was examined. The slow influenza infection in "dwarf" mice was found to be characterized by marked immunosuppression manifested by a sharp reduction of the number of antibody- and rosette-forming cells and blasttransformation of spleen lymphocytes into T- and B-mitogens. The most marked immuno-suppression was found in the "dwarfs" born to the females infected with the virus enriched with standard virions. "Nude-like" animals also had marked immunosuppression (particularly with regard to the rosette-formation), however, the "dwarfs" appeared to have more marked affection of B-cells as compared with "nude-like" mice. Gradual restoration of fur in a portion of "nude-like" animals (spontaneous growth) was due to sharp stimulation of immune responsiveness in them as manifested by a two-fold (as compared with the controls) increase in the number of antibody- and rosette-forming cells and normalization of spleen cell response to T- and B-mitogens. Differences between nude and "nude-like" mice consisting in the latter in the affection of not only T- but also B-link of immunity are discussed. PMID- 6539534 TI - [Changes in amenergic transmission processes in the CNS under the effect of alcohol and their possible functional significance]. PMID- 6539536 TI - [Spatial distribution of light intensity under a phototherapy unit]. AB - The distribution of energy under a phototherapy unit containing 8 tubes is uneven; a significant maximum in energy is observed at the centre of the unit. It is therefore desirable to situate the baby at this point of maximum energy. The presence of lateral reflectors however (either metal foil or white sheets), result in not only an increase in energy, but also a more even energy distribution. Therefore the necessity of placing the baby at a special position is no longer required. PMID- 6539535 TI - [Computer tomographic evaluation of left ventricular kinetics]. AB - The judgment of the function of the left ventricle is computer-tomographically possible using the ECG-regulated cardio-computer-tomography in a temporary resolution of about 0.1 sec. The qualitative and quantitative evaluation of the systolic and diastolic changes of the ventricle in patients with normal CT findings, with idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis and with disturbances of motility in chronic ischaemic heart disease confirms the possible functional evidence known from literature. The quantitative parameters, in particular the systolic abbreviation of the axis, allow an estimation of the motility. The measurement of the thickness at the interventricular septum and at the lateral wall of the myocardium as well as the systolic abbreviation of the axis and the left-ventricular ejection fraction are essentially higher in the idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis than in the normal group. The values of the patients with disturbances of motility in the ischaemic heart disease were clearly below. The diagnosis of the idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis with response of the size of obstruction by the telesystolic and telediastolic pictures is possible in a high percentage. Sequelae of the chronic ischaemic heart disease, e.g. scars, become visible by a narrowing or an absence of the normal edge of the myocardium. Global and localized disturbances of motility are diagnosable by phase-referred systolic and diastolic ECG-regulated pictures. PMID- 6539537 TI - [Doppler studies of arterial blood flow in the uterus during labor]. AB - By the pulsed doppler method the arterial uterine blood velocity was studied in 19 patients with contractions before and during labour. It is shown, that uterine contractions reduce blood velocity significantly. Normally there is a low resistance in uterine arteries, so that the diastolic flow is nearly as high as the systolic flow. In uterine contractions the vascular resistance increases. Systolic flow is reduced slightly and diastolic flow severely or completely. But a complete zero-flow couldn't observed in any studied uterine contraction. PMID- 6539538 TI - [Rise of fetal acidity due to the mother sub partu and its clinical consequences]. AB - A rise in fetal acidity (FAS) occurs often but does not necessarily mean that the fetus is at risk. When an increase in acidity is due to maternal causes, a so called maternogenous increase in acidity (MAS), the fetus has too much organic acid, but no O2 insufficiency. In order to avoid unnecessary operations in such cases, we asked ourselves how we could differentiate on a routine basis between maternogenous and fetogenous acidity increase, and which consequences can be drawn from this. We made observations on 858 neonates with a NApH actual less than 7.30, born between 1973 and 1980 at the Department of Obstetrics at Berlin- Neuk olln Hospital, to assess whether infants with MAS and NapH levels were less often clinically depressed than infants with FAS, and how often an MAS occurred corresponding to Saling 's definition (M/F delta pH qu40 less than or equal to 0.05) to Rooth 's definition (M/F delta pH actual less than or equal to 0.15) or a combination of Saling 's and Rooth 's definition. It was shown that MAS infants were significantly less often born in a clinically depresses state than FAS infants. Within the definition groups there were only very slight differences. With the aid of the Saling and the Rooth combination however, 45% could be recognized as MAS infants, whereas the MAS frequency according to Saling alone or Rooth alone amounted to only about 30%. For the subsequent assessments of the pH levels during labor therefore the combination of Saling and Rooth was used. From 288 labors it could be shown that the differentiation in MAS and FAS in FBA pH levels less than 7.30 led to a significant decrease in the number of operations without any increase in early morbidity in the infants. This leads to the assumption that the procedure described helps to prevent unnecessary operations. PMID- 6539539 TI - [Can fetal blood analysis be avoided during the expulsion period?]. AB - The examinations described here were made in order to answer the question - how often, in spite of suspicious CTG patterns during the second stage of labor, were the fetal blood tests normal, and a spontaneous delivery or a further propulsion of the presenting part could be expected? The data of 201 patients formed the statistical basis for this survey; these patients were delivered at the Department of Obstetrics in Berlin- Neuk olln Hospital during the period from September 1975 to September 1976. Each patient had a suspicious Hammacher Score (greater than or equal to 3 points) during the second stage of labor, and due to this, the fetal acid-base balance had been examined. The course of 201 labors was divided up into those where the CTG first necessitated a fetal blood analysis in the mid-pelvic plane (n = 159) and those where the FBA was not necessary before the fetus was on the pelvic floor (n = 42). It was shown that with an increase in CTG score points the proportion of pH levels less than or equal to 7.24 increased. The peak of frequency division was at 4 points. In this group however, there was only a pH level of less than or equal to 7.24 in 4.2% of the infants. Acidotic pH levels were only present after greater than or equal to 5 score points. Here it was not possible with the CTG score to give definite evidence about the real risk to the fetus in a single case.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6539541 TI - Face presentation in modern obstetrics--a study with special reference to fetal long term morbidity. AB - Thirty-one cases of face presentation were analyzed with regard to obstetric management and long-term outcome. Vaginal delivery occurred in 14 of 15 mentum anterior face presentations whereas only one of 16 patients with a mentum transverse of mentum posterior face presentation were delivered vaginally. Face presentation was associated with an increased incidence of variable decelerations. At follow-up (2-12 years) one infant had a neurological sequelae which could be associated to the delivery in face presentation. The implication of these findings for the management of face presentations is discussed. PMID- 6539542 TI - [Pharmacological analysis of the interactions of emotional-behavioral and hemodynamic reactions]. PMID- 6539540 TI - [Morbidity of term and low-birth weight infants born in breech presentation by vaginal or abdominal delivery]. AB - 182 children born in breech presentation were investigated at the age of 5 to 6 years with regard to late morbidity after vaginal delivery and caesarean section. From case historical data, development in early childhood was assessed comparing the criteria of walking, speaking and "dryness". An attempt was made to find a relation between neonatal data and late morbidity. 156 children (85,7%) had a birthweight of not less than 2 500 g. 26 children (14,3%) were preterm and/or small for date. 80 term babies and 8 preterm and/or small for date babies were delivered by caesarean section. The birth weight of the preterm and/or small for date babies was 2 212,5 +/- 286,5 g for those delivered by caesarean section and 2 070,5 +/- 312,0 g for those delivered vaginally. The investigation program consisted of the following items: A. Assessment of intellectual development by means of the Raven-test, B. Examination of total and minute motor activity by means of the Rostock- Oseretzky -scale, C. Assessment of concentration abilities according to Koch- Pleissner . Statistically significant advantages in all items investigated were found in the group of term as well as preterm and/or small for date babies delivered by caesarean section. Except for intellectual development, analogous results were found for term delivered babies. Concerning development in early childhood, as reflected in walking, speaking and "dryness", there were no statistically significant differences between children delivered vaginally and those delivered by caesarean section. No relation could be found between neonatal data (Apgar-score, pH-value in the umbilical artery) and late morbidity. Problems of birth management are discussed. PMID- 6539543 TI - [Adaptation of the body to stressful situations and prevention of stress-induced damage]. PMID- 6539544 TI - Meconium peritonitis--a retrospective, prognostic analysis of 69 patients. AB - Meconium peritonitis being a rare anomaly, it is difficult to find the factors that determine the prognosis. In spite of the high mortality, this aspect has hardly ever been studied. A retrospective study of 69 patients from the Netherlands over a 15 year period, revealed that a patient with pneumoperitoneum and a generalized type of meconium peritonitis has a relatively favourable prognosis. Despite a more optimistic outlook expressed in recent publications, an overview of the world literature involving 1084 patients shows that the mortality for this disease has not dropped in the past 15 years and still amounts to 55%. PMID- 6539545 TI - Felty's and Sjogren's syndromes and hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (case report). AB - Our findings refer to a female patient with Felty's and Sjogren's syndromes and hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy. The rheumatoid granuloma found in the left ventricle at autopsy and the absence of other conditions which may be manifested by hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy suggest that the case studied, probably represents an extraarticular manifestation of Felty's and Sjogren's syndromes. PMID- 6539546 TI - [Sexual function disorders after vascular reconstruction in the aortoiliac region]. AB - 100 male patients who had undergone aorto-iliac surgery were asked by a questionnaire concerning their sexual life. Stenoses or obstructions of the iliac arteries preoperatively demonstrated in 70% could be shown to be connected with sexual disorders, which increased after operation. Especially in patients of younger age the reperfusion of the internal iliac arteries should be taken into consideration. PMID- 6539547 TI - [Comparative aspects of a study of the self-regulation of higher nervous activity in experimental neuroses in dogs, cats and rats]. AB - The higher nervous activity has been studied by means of motor-alimentary conditioned reflexes and delayed reactions in dogs, cats and albino rats at early stages of development of experimental informational neurosis. It was shown that formation of stable pathological reactions is preceeded by self- regulational activity of the brain directed towards elimination of a pathological situation, as well as to the increase of the stability of the nervous system to pathogenic agents. Comparative studies on rodents and predatory animals indicate that in different species the same pathogenic effects on the brain may elicit different forms of self-regulation of the higher nervous activity. PMID- 6539548 TI - Unusual complication of thoracotomy: galactorrhea. PMID- 6539549 TI - [Fibrosis of the pelvic floor]. AB - A pelvic pain is sometimes extremely difficult to define and to treat. The origin of this pain was said to be due to either neurological, psychosomatic, urological or orthopaedic factors. It was in fact an unilateral fibrosis of the perineal transverse muscle. A surgical section has definitively cured the patient. PMID- 6539550 TI - Patterns of plasma melatonin with ageing and mental condition: stability of nyctohemeral rhythms and differences in seasonal variations. AB - Effects of ageing and mental condition on the nyctohemeral and seasonal rhythms of plasma melatonin in human subjects were investigated. Four groups of subjects were formed for a transverse study: 7 healthy young men (24 years), 6 elderly women, 6 elderly men and 6 elderly patients (2 men and 4 women) suffering from senile dementia (70-80 years). The subjects were synchronized. Blood samples were taken every 4 h during 24 h in January, March, June and October. In comparison to young men, the plasma levels of melatonin were markedly decreased (by about one half) in elderly subjects without any difference according to sex or mental condition. Nyctohemeral rhythms of the hormone were validated in all groups and at all sampling sessions. The nyctohemeral acrophases were remarkably stable (around 03.00 h) whatever the season, age or sex. A seasonal variation was found in all groups (except elderly women) with differences between young and elderly subjects: plasma melatonin levels were significantly lower in January than in June in young men, whereas in elderly subjects they were significantly lower in October than in January/March. No significant difference was observed in mesor, amplitude or acrophase of nyctohemeral and seasonal rhythms of plasma melatonin in patients with senile dementia when compared with healthy elderly subjects. The stability of the nyctohemeral peak time whatever the age group or season as opposed to the differences in the seasonal pattern of plasma melatonin according to the age groups raises the problems of both outdoor photoperiod and ageing in ruling the secretion of melatonin in man. PMID- 6539551 TI - Development and validation of a melatonin radioimmunoassay using radioiodinated melatonin as tracer. AB - A new radioimmunoassay (RIA) using [125I]-melatonin as tracer for determination of melatonin in biological fluids has been developed. Melatonin antisera were raised in rabbits by immunization with bovine thyroglobulin conjugate of N-acetyl 5- methoxytryptophan . Two high-affinity and specific antisera were obtained. Unlike in previous studies melatonin was radioiodinated directly. Iodo-Gen was used as the oxidant. Radioiodinated melatonin was purified by TLC for use in RIA. Melatonin was extracted from plasma, serum and urine samples (1 ml) with chloroform. Using the extraction the sensitivity of the RIA method was 18 fmol/ml of original sample. Plasma, serum and urine extracts diluted parallelly with synthetic melatonin in RIA. HPLC analysis of plasma and serum extracts showed only one immunoreactive peak co-eluting with synthetic melatonin. Majority of urine immunoreactivity co-eluted with synthetic melatonin, but 7-23% contaminating immunoreactivity was also observed. Daytime values for rat plasma, human serum and urine melatonin were 30-60, 20-40 and 50-130 fmol/ml and the respective night values were 160-300, 180-370 and 230-470 fmol/ml. Thus a characteristic diurnal rhythm of melatonin was observed in all cases. The urinary excretion of immunoreactive melatonin during the day was 3-9 and during the night 11-28 pmol/h. Thus we have developed a specific and valid RIA method for the determination of plasma and serum melatonin. Despite the incomplete specificity of the RIA for urine determinations, a clear diurnal rhythm for urine melatonin was observed. The distinct advantage of the utilization of [125I]melatonin as tracer is that the costly and cumbersome scintillation counting can be avoided. PMID- 6539552 TI - Comparison of growth and somatomedin C responses following growth hormone treatment in children with small-for-date short stature, significant idiopathic short stature and hypopituitarism. AB - Somatomedin-C (Sm-C) and growth hormone (GH) levels were determined before, during and after human growth hormone (hGH) treatment in 18 children with small for-date short stature ( SDSS ), 7 children with significant idiopathic short stature ( SISS ) and 14 children with hypopituitarism. Data on the acute effects of hGH on Sm-C were compared to growth responses after 6 to 9 months therapy. Eleven of the 25 non-hypopituitary patients with normal basal and stimulated serum GH levels and normal basal Sm-C levels increased their rates of growth more than 3.0 cm/year. This compared with 11 of the 14 children with hypopituitarism who increased their rates of growth by at least 3.0 cm/year when treated with GH. Neither the basal somatomedin levels nor the GH-stimulated somatomedin levels correlated well with subsequent growth in the non-hypopituitary patients. These studies indicate that GH therapy may be effective in treating short stature in children without demonstrable GH deficiency. PMID- 6539553 TI - Prolactin and the control of cycle length in the female rat. AB - Bromocriptine (BRC) was injected on oestrus afternoon at 16.00 h into 5-day cyclic female rats thus causing reduced cycle length to 4-days. When injected on dioestrus 1 at 13.00 h the drug remained without effects. Blood progesterone concentration on dioestrus 1 afternoon and on dioestrus 2 morning was shown to be lower in 5-day cyclic rats given BRC than in their untreated counterparts. No changes in the rate of follicular growth were observed on dioestrus 2 afternoon in BRC injected 5-day cyclic rats. The pattern of prolactin secretion on oestrus afternoon was compared in 4- and 5-day cyclic female rats. High prolactin values were observed on early afternoon in the former and on late afternoon in the latter. The decline in progesterone secretion during the dioestrous period of the cycle was supposed to be responsible for cycle shortening in 5-day cyclic rats given BRC. It was concluded that prolactin might play a critical role in the establishment of a 5-day rhythm in the rat by controlling progesterone secretion during the dioestrous period of the cycle. PMID- 6539554 TI - Distribution of elastic system fibers in hyaline and fibrous cartilages of the rat. AB - Rat hyaline and fibrous cartilages whose glycosaminoglycans had been removed by hyaluronidase digestion were studied by comparing the ultrastructural features with the observation of sections stained by selective methods for elastic system fibers under the light microscope. Except for the fibrous layer in the perichondrium of tracheal hyaline cartilage, where elastic fibers were found, no elastic fibers could be detected in the cartilages studied. However, cartilaginous tissues contained oxytalan and elaunin fibers. A distinct pattern of distribution of the above-mentioned elastic-related fibers could be observed in both kinds of cartilages. Hyaline cartilages possess oxytalan fibers in the extracellular matrix that surrounds the chondrocytes, whereas elastic fibers were localized in the fibrous layer of the perichondrium that encloses the cartilage. Elaunin fibers could be detected in the transition (chondrogenic) layer adjacent to the perichondrium. The methods used disclosed the presence of oxytalan and elaunin fibers running along the periphery of the collagen bundles in fibrocartilage. PMID- 6539555 TI - Pregnancy and delivery in Bernard-Soulier syndrome. AB - This is the first reported case of a woman suffering from the Bernard-Soulier syndrome who terminated pregnancy and gave birth normally to a healthy child. Although a great number of platelet and fresh blood units were transfused before and after delivery, a hysterectomy was performed the next day as the only solution to stop persisting gross hemorrhage. PMID- 6539556 TI - Subjective recording of fetal movements. I. Limits and acceptability in normal pregnancies. AB - Maternal counting of fetal movements is increasingly used as a clinical method for assessment of fetal health. The present study established normal limits for two methods of subjective fetal movement recording. Four hundred-and-seventeen randomly selected women with low-risk pregnancies recorded the time necessary for 10 fetal movements every morning and also the number of fetal movements during 15 min every evening. The study was carried out between gestational week 34 and parturition. Two hundred-and-twenty-two consecutive women answered a questionnaire after the end of the study. 70% of the women counted fetal movements every day; 66.5% preferred the evening to the morning recording. In a strictly selected normal group (n = 129), no significant change was found in the number of fetal movements or in the time for 10 fetal movements with advancing gestation or approaching parturition. The results of the evening sessions were not influenced by maternal parity, fetal weight, or fetal sex. The great interindividual variation in the results does not allow the application of general normal limits. A method for establishing individual normal low limits for each pregnancy was designed. PMID- 6539557 TI - Evaluation of history and simple supine cystometry as a preoperative test in stress urinary incontinence. AB - In a follow-up study the accuracy of a simple preoperative screening including history, Bonney 's test and supine cystometry was evaluated in patients with stress urinary incontinence. Based upon preoperative history alone, the patients were divided into two different groups, pure stress incontinence, and mixed stress and urge incontinence. All patients accepted had a normal supine cystometry at the preoperative work-up. The results of the operation were good in pure stress incontinence. In patients with mixed stress and urge incontinence the results were unsatisfactory and most of them presented a variety of urodynamic abnormalities postoperatively. Thus, in patients with pure stress incontinence, acceptance for surgery may be based upon a careful history, a simple supine cystometry and Bonney 's test, but in patients with mixed stress and urge incontinence a comprehensive clinical and urodynamic evaluation is mandatory. It seems that combination of detrusor instability and a history of pronounced urgency preoperatively calls for other therapeutic alternatives than operation. PMID- 6539558 TI - Problems in the bioassay of products from cultured HEK cells: plasminogen activator. AB - For research and commercial purposes, the production of materials from cultured cells is progressively becoming routine. Measuring products in cell culture medium, however, is not always straight-forward even when the most appropriate product assays are utilized. A researcher interested in a particular cell product does not intend to spend time developing or refining existing assays. Instead, he would prefer using techniques and standards reported in the literature. Evaluations of enzyme activity using purified standards or control products may inadvertently lead to the assumption that the same procedures will give reproducible results when cell culture medium is assayed for the product. This report describes the selection of commercially available lots of human embryonic kidney cells and the activity of the plasminogen activator (PA) produced by these cells. PA activity was measured by the fibrin plate assay. The problems of comparing activity in conditioned culture medium with that of purified standard preparations are presented. Factors contributing to non-linearity in dose response curves, inconsistencies in activity in replicate flask cultures, and variations in repeated assays after sample storage are considered. Sample handling procedures and alternate assay systems are discussed. PMID- 6539559 TI - [Chemotherapy of metastatic urothelial carcinoma. cis-Diamminedichloroplatinum combination chemotherapy for patients with decreased renal function]. AB - Cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (CDDP) combination chemotherapy has induced a high response rate in the treatment of metastatic urothelial carcinoma at our clinic. However, due to the risks of renal failure, renal function manifested by creatinine clearance (Ccr) of more than 50 ml/min is suggested to be the requirement for CDDP therapy. Unfortunately, some patients do not meet this requirement. Thus, the renal function of patients who were treated with our combination chemotherapy was evaluated and the method of CDDP administration was modified for these patients. Four patients with Ccr in the range of 38 approximately 49 ml/min were treated and 3 patients achieved objective response; complete response in 1 case and partial response in 2 cases. Transient decrease in Ccr and elevation of blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine were observed but these changes were reversible in all but 1 of the 10 courses. The results indicate that CDDP can be administered with reasonable safety without sacrificing anti-tumor activity in patients with Ccr of less than 50 ml/min. PMID- 6539560 TI - Potentially lethal arrhythmias and their management in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. AB - The prevalence of potentially lethal arrhythmias (PLA) in groups of patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy has been assessed, but the rate at which they develop (their incidence) during long-term follow-up has not been reported. Therefore, conduction system disease (CSD) (sick sinus syndrome and His-ventricular disease), ventricular couplets and ventricular tachycardia (VT) detected by routine electrocardiograms, periodic 24-hour Holter monitoring and periodic exercise stress testing were studied in 50 patients treated with large doses of beta-adrenergic blocking drugs who were followed for 2 to 14 years (mean 5.9). Sixteen PLAs detected at the beginning of observation were excluded from actuarial analysis for new PLAs . Twenty-one patients had 24 new PLAs (7 with CSD, 1 patient with sustained supraventricular tachycardia, 6 with ventricular couplets and 10 with VT); only 43% of these PLAs were heralded by new symptoms. In 6 patients, the arrhythmia caused symptoms and was identified by a routine electrocardiogram. The 3 patients with His-ventricular disease presented with syncope and required electrophysiologic confirmation of this diagnosis. In only 1 patient was a PLA (ventricular couplets) detected only by exercise testing. All other ventricular arrhythmias were detected by Holter monitoring. The incidence of CSD in 47 patients free of this condition at entry was 5% at 5 years and 33% at 10 years. The incidence of ventricular couplets or VT in 39 patients free of these at entry was 26% at 5 years and 75% at 10 years, and the incidence of VT only was 18% at 5 years and 40% at 10 years.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6539561 TI - Chronic verapamil therapy in pediatric and young adult patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. AB - Oral verapamil, 5.2 +/- 1.1 mg/kg/day (range 2.8 to 7), was administered to 13 pediatric patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy for 13 +/- 6 months (range 2 to 20). The patients had significant symptomatic improvement on verapamil therapy. Murmur intensity diminished in 6 patients during therapy and left ventricular (LV) electromotive forces on the electrocardiogram diminished in 4, increased in 5 and did not change in 4. Exercise endurance increased from 8.4 +/- 3.9 to 10.9 +/- 2.8 minutes (p less than 0.01). Seven patients had ST-segment depression (0.38 +/- 0.28 mV) before verapamil therapy, which improved after verapamil therapy in 5 (0.24 +/- 0.17 mV, p less than 0.02). Of 4 patients with exercise-induced ventricular ectopic activity, 3 had diminution or abolishment of ectopy following verapamil. By echocardiography, the patients had an increase in LV end-diastolic dimension from 3.4 +/- 0.7 to 3.9 +/- 0.8 cm (p less than 0.01), with no significant change in shortening fraction (46.1 +/- 8.0% vs 44.6 +/- 8.0%). When adjusted for body size and age there was a significant decrease in LV septal thickness (from 106 +/- 70 to 45 +/- 52% of predicted normal values, p less than 0.05) and LV posterior wall thickness (from 40 +/- 45 to 5 +/- 26% of predicted normal values p = 0.05) after verapamil. Isovolumic relaxation time decreased from 69 +/- 26 to 42 +/- 19 ms after verapamil (p less than 0.01). Systolic anterior motion of the anterior mitral leaflet disappeared in 5 of 8 patients and midsystolic closure of the aortic valve was no longer present in 4 of 8.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6539562 TI - Laser myoplasty for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. In vitro experience in human postmortem hearts and in vivo experience in a canine model (transarterial) and human patient (intraoperative). AB - The feasibility of performing a myotomy/myectomy for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HC) by means of laser phototherapy was evaluated experimentally in vitro and in vivo, and the procedure then applied to a patient intraoperatively. In vitro experience revealed that the beam of an argon laser, delivered directly or via an optical fiber, could both cut and vaporize myocardium, producing a myotomy/myectomy morphologically similar to that produced by the conventional blade technique. In vivo experiments, in which the beam of an argon laser was delivered via an optical fiber to the ventricular septum of a canine heart, confirmed that a laser myoplasty could be achieved in 4 of 5 dogs by a transarterial approach. Finally, laser myoplasty was performed intraoperatively in a patient with HC, using a 200-mu fiber interfaced with an argon laser. Measured laser power was 1.5 W; cumulative exposure was less than 4 minutes; the myoplasty was 4 X 1 X 0.5 cm. These investigations establish the feasibility of using laser therapy to create a myoplasty trough that is similar in appearance to that typically achieved by the conventional blade technique. Illumination of the intraventricular operative field and precise modeling of the myoplasty trough constitute the principal advantages of laser myoplasty for HC. PMID- 6539563 TI - Tunnel subaortic stenosis in XO Turner's syndrome. PMID- 6539564 TI - Preoperative adjuvant chemotherapy in relatively advanced head and neck cancer. AB - Thirty patients with locally advanced primary squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck were treated with two courses of cis-platinum chemotherapy (50 mg/m2 every 3 weeks). Twenty-three of thirty patients had either partial remission, improvement, or stable disease. Chemotherapy was well tolerated. Follow-up of all patients was done in greater than 36 months. Seven of 23 patients remain in complete remission after chemotherapy plus surgery. Of these seven patients, four of seven were partial responders to chemotherapy, two of seven were improved, and one of seven had stable disease or chemotherapy. Preoperative adjuvant chemotherapy needs further evaluation in head and neck cancer. PMID- 6539565 TI - Phase II trial of cisplatin as second-line chemotherapy in patients with advanced or recurrent endometrial carcinoma. A Gynecologic Oncology Group study. AB - Twenty-five patients with advanced or recurrent endometrial carcinoma no longer amenable to control with surgery, radiotherapy, hormonal therapy, or higher priority chemotherapy were treated with cisplatin 50 mg/m2 intravenously every 3 weeks. Only one objective response, a partial response, was observed among the 25 patients (4%). Twenty patients (80%) exhibited stable disease for more than 1 month, while four patients (16%) progressed less than 1 month after initiating chemotherapy. Adverse effects included leukopenia (28%), thrombocytopenia (40%), nausea and vomiting (74%), and azotemia (37%). Only one patient experienced life threatening toxicity. Cisplatin thus appears tolerable but only minimally active when given at the dose and schedule tested to patients with endometrial carcinoma who have previously demonstrated progression of disease on chemotherapy with known activity. PMID- 6539566 TI - The diurnal variations of serum prolactin levels before and during pregnancy in normal and hyperprolactinemic patients. AB - The pattern of 24-hour secretion of prolactin was evaluated in three normal pregnant subjects at the tenth, twenty-fourth, and thirty-sixth gestational week. A similar study was performed in three hyperprolactinemic subjects throughout the course of their gestations. The findings confirm the progressive rise in serum concentrations of prolactin throughout pregnancy in normal subjects, with a tendency to blunting of the ratio of the nighttime mean to the daytime mean ( meanss / meansa ) as pregnancy progresses. One hyperprolactinemic subject (nontumoral) followed this pattern but demonstrated blunting initially and throughout pregnancy. The other two hyperprolactinemic subjects (one tumoral and one nontumoral) demonstrated an unexpected response in that they remained unresponsive to the increasing concentrations of estradiol throughout pregnancy. PMID- 6539567 TI - Treatment of recurrent endometrial adenocarcinoma with a combination of doxorubicin and cisplatin. AB - Nineteen patients with recurrent endometrial carcinoma and one patient with Stage IV endometrial carcinoma not previously treated with chemotherapy were treated with a combination of doxorubicin and cisplatin. The dose schedule was doxorubicin, 50 mg/m2 on day 1, and cisplatin, 50 mg/m2 with hyperhydration on day 1, with a new course every 4 weeks. Objective response 60% was obtained in 12 out of 20 patients (two with complete remission and 10 with partial remission). Furthermore, four patients had stationary disease. The two patients with complete remission both had distal vaginal metastases, and they are still alive after greater than 21 and greater than 40 months. The median survival period for those with partial remission was greater than 11 months (range of 4 to 26); for those with stationary disease, 7 months (range of 4 to 10), and for those with progressive disease, 4 months (range of 3 to 7). The response rate was higher for well-differentiated tumors. No serious side effects were noticed. To our knowledge no other reports have been published so far with the use of the same regimen in patients with recurrent endometrial adenocarcinoma with no prior chemotherapy. We find the objective response rate, the survival time, and the quality of life for the responding patients in our study so encouraging that we shall continue with a larger trial. PMID- 6539568 TI - Estimation of the maximum number of argon laser burns possible in panretinal photocoagulation. AB - I measured the area of the retina in ten autopsy eyes and the area of 500 mu argon laser burns placed with both Goldmann and Rodenstock contact lenses in two eyes that were subsequently enucleated. The mean area of the retina available for panretinal photocoagulation is 1,050 mm2. The mean diameter of 500 mu argon laser burns is 490 mu when placed with a Goldmann contact lens and 810 mu when placed with a Rodenstock contact lens. The maximum number of 500 mu burns that can be used to treat the entire extramacular retina in the normal sized eye is approximately 5,500 when a Goldmann contact lens is used, and approximately 2,050 when a Rodenstock contact lens is used. PMID- 6539569 TI - Transient myopia and accommodative paresis following retinal cryotherapy and panretinal photocoagulation. AB - Loss of accommodation, transient myopia, or both, were complications following retinal cryotherapy in two eyes and after panretinal photocoagulation in six eyes (seven patients). A 17-year-old young man had these refractive difficulties one week after cryotherapy for retinal holes. His accommodative amplitude measured 1.0 D in the treated eye and 8.0 D in the untreated eye. One week later he received cryotherapy to the previously untreated eye, reducing that accommodative amplitude to 2.5 D. Accommodative paresis and transient myopia resolved without treatment within five weeks. Six other patients (six eyes, seven episodes) with an average age of 33 years demonstrated accommodative loss (40% to 92% decrease, average decrease 64%), transient myopia, or both, after panretinal photocoagulation for proliferative diabetic retinopathy. All patients recovered without treatment within six weeks (average, 22 days). All young patients should be made aware of this transient, but troublesome complication before treatment. PMID- 6539570 TI - Xenon endophotocoagulation under air using sodium hyaluronate. PMID- 6539571 TI - A family study of anthropometric traits in a Punjabi community: I. Introduction and familial correlations. AB - Data on 40 anthropometric measurements from 144 nuclear families in Chandigarh, India, are presented. Most families contain a pair of monozygotic or dizygotic twins, one or more singleton siblings, and their parents. Familial correlations for age-sex standardized, normalized measurements are estimated by maximum likelihood for marital, parent-child, sibling, and twin pairs. Heterogeneity tests for sex-specific subtype correlations male-male, male-female, female female) indicate that the sex of the relative plays no significant role in the magnitude of the familial correlations except for maternal effects and differences among male and female twin pairs for a few of the variables. Marital correlations are high for body measurements, but not for head or face variables. Twin correlations seem to indicate a higher level of heritability than correlations from other family members. PMID- 6539572 TI - Two cases of human Lagochilascaris infection in Colombia. AB - Two human cases of infection with Lagochilascaris are described from Colombia. One patient was a 21 year-old woman who suffered from repeated attacks of tonsillitis and passage of worms from the nose. When a tonsillectomy was performed, numerous worms were found in the tissues. Treatment with thiabendazole and mebendazole was ineffective. She was cured after treatment with levamisole. The second patient was a 7 year-old girl who had a painful abscess on the neck that contained adult worms. She was also cured of this infection after treatment with levamisole. These are the first cases described from Colombia, and bring the total number of human cases recorded to twenty-three. PMID- 6539573 TI - Clinical use of calcium channel blockers. PMID- 6539574 TI - Reverse fibrin autography: a method to detect and partially characterize protease inhibitors after sodium dodecyl sulfate--polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. AB - A new technique, reverse fibrin autography, was developed to detect protease inhibitors previously fractionated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate. Exogenous proteases were incorporated into fibrin-agar indicator films, eventually causing the fibrin to lyse. When an acrylamide gel containing inhibitors was placed on top of such an indicator, the positions of the inhibitors were revealed by the formation of opaque, lysis resistant zones in the otherwise cleared fibrin film. The technique was versatile in that a variety of inhibitors were revealed, and semiquantitative since the size of the lysis-resistant zone in the indicator increased in proportion to the amount of inhibitor subjected to electrophoresis. This approach could be used not only to detect inhibitors having different protease specificities, but also to distinguish between the inhibitor activities of antibodies directed against urokinase or tissue-type plasminogen activator. Thus, reverse fibrin autography offers a convenient new approach to rapidly screen and partially characterize inhibitors present in complex biological samples. PMID- 6539576 TI - Unusual cause of hypotension after coronary artery bypass grafting: idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis. PMID- 6539575 TI - The organization of actin filaments in human polymorphonuclear leukocytes. AB - Actin constitutes a major component of the cytoskeleton of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs). In this study, we present a comprehensive view of the organization of actin in various PMN regions and functional states. Transmission electron microscopic observations were made on whole mount, migrating, and phagocytizing PMNs. Positive identification of actin filaments was made through S-1 myosin subfragment labeling. In all PMNs studied, actin filaments were primarily organized as a three-dimensional meshwork. The density of this meshwork was greatest within the cell cortex. At peripheral regions of nonpolarized (viz., no distinct head or tail region) and polarized PMNs, actin filaments organized into parallel bundles or overlapping arcs. These bundles or arcs were oriented either perpendicular or parallel to the cell periphery. At the base of the PMN, actin filaments converged upon dense, plaquelike condensations. This latter pattern of actin organization was also observed in some pseudopods at the cell front and in phagocytic processes engulfing bacteria. In areas of internalized bacteria, the surrounding actin appeared as a loose meshwork. Treatment of PMNs with the antiactin drug, cytochalasin B, revealed shearing of the peripheral actin meshwork, condensation of the meshwork around the nuclear region, and dissolution of the basal plaquelike condensations. PMID- 6539577 TI - Vinca alkaloids for idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. PMID- 6539578 TI - Influence of dietary casein or soy protein on serum lipids and lipoproteins of monkeys (Macaca fascicularis). AB - In order to learn whether a complete exchange of dietary soy protein for casein causes a change of serum lipid levels in primates, 8 Macaca fascicularis monkeys were fed a semi-purified ration; its basic composition was similar to diets consumed in Western Europe. In a crossover experiment, casein was exchanged for a soy protein isolate and vice versa. Plasma and lipoprotein cholesterol and triglyceride levels were determined following a 3-week dietary regimen. There was no significant difference of total serum cholesterol levels between the soy protein and casein periods (4.6 vs. 4.7 mmol/l). However, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels were significantly higher (1.6 vs. 1.2 mmol/l, p less than 0.01) and very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) cholesterol levels were significantly lower (0.39 vs. 0.55 mmol/l, p less than 0.01) following the soy protein diet. There was no distinct change in total or lipoprotein triglyceride levels following exchange of the dietary protein. It is concluded that in nonhuman primates a complete exchange of soy protein for casein produces changes of HDL, but not of total or low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol. PMID- 6539579 TI - [Filamentous bodies and bundles in the cytoskeleton in various endocrine tumors. Microscopic and ultrastructural study]. PMID- 6539580 TI - Posterior enlargement of the small annulus during aortic valve replacement versus implantation of a small prosthesis. AB - Twenty-two patients with a small aortic annulus were identified among 196 consecutive patients undergoing aortic valve replacement (AVR). The 11 patients in Group 1 underwent posterior enlargement aortic annuloplasty, and the 11 in Group 2 received a small aortic prosthesis (less than or equal to 21 mm). The two groups were unselected. Core hypothermia, cardioplegia, and local cooling were employed for all operations. Isolated AVR was performed in 3 patients in each group. In Group 1, the mean increase in diameter of the annulus was 4.82 mm, which resulted in a mean area increase of 169.91 mm2 (51.7%). Mean aortic cross clamp times were 140.4 minutes and 93.5 minutes in Groups 1 and 2, respectively. There were 2 operative deaths in Group 1, and 1 operative and 1 late death in Group 2. Mean follow-up was 26.5 months for Group 1 and 43.4 months for Group 2. No thomboembolic or bleeding episodes have been recorded. Considerations and conclusions are offered from the study of this small series of patients. PMID- 6539581 TI - Management of pneumonia in the prospective payment era. A need for more clinician and support service interaction. AB - We compared the diagnostic and therapeutic management of pneumonia during 1970 and 1971 with that during 1979 and 1980 in clinically similar populations at The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore. More patients received aminoglycoside and cephalosporin therapy during 1979 and 1980. Guidelines for the use of chest roentgenograms and cultures were exceeded in 14% to 24% of cases. Patients whose cases were judged to be suboptimally managed had significantly higher charges and length of stay. Aged patients and those requiring thoracentesis also used resources more intensively. Given the technologic explosion, clinicians cannot know the performance characteristics of all tests and medications they can order. To minimize inefficient and ineffective practices, it is essential that clinicians and support service directors develop guidelines for testing and antibiotic use. Deviations should trigger timely interventions. Management under prospective payment will also require identifying specific patient subgroups to verify appropriate utilization and to assure equitable reimbursement. PMID- 6539582 TI - Zygosity diagnosis of twins in medical research. PMID- 6539583 TI - Pentaketide metabolites of melanin synthesis in the dematiaceous fungus Wangiella dermatitidis. AB - Melanin synthesis in the dematiaceous, polymorphic hyphomycete Wangiella dermatitidis, a human pathogen, was investigated by biochemical and physiological techniques. Mutants with a decrease or loss in melanin synthesis were induced and isolated. Melanin precursors were obtained from the mutants, purified, and then identified by comparison with authentic compounds from Verticillium dahliae . Isolation of scytalone , vermelone , flaviolin , and 1,8- dihydroxynaphthalene from the mutants of Wangiella dermatitidis, and cross-feeding of the mutants with those of Verticillium dahliae indicated that melanin synthesis in this organism took place by the pentaketide pathway. Melanin that formed in cell walls of an albino mutant treated with scytalone was identified in appearance to that in cell walls of the wild-type strain. This also suggested that pentaketide synthesis of melanin occurred in the fungus. PMID- 6539584 TI - Twin concordance for operationally defined schizophrenia. Confirmation of familiality and heritability. AB - Six sets of operational criteria for diagnosing schizophrenia were applied to a systematically ascertained twin series by raters who were blind to zygosity and to the psychiatric status of the co-twin. Assuming a multifactorial/threshold model of transmission, twin correlations in liability and, where possible, approximate broad heritabilities were calculated for each criterion. All definitions resulted in significant monozygotic twin correlations. The highest heritabilities (of approximately 0.8) were given by the Research Diagnostic Criteria and by the categories "probable" plus "definite" schizophrenia according to the criteria of Feighner et al. In contrast, Schneider's first-rank symptoms defined a form of schizophrenia with a heritability of 0 and, together with the criteria of Carpenter et al and Taylor et al, proved to be excessively restrictive, identifying fewer than half of the probands as schizophrenic. PMID- 6539585 TI - [Nitrogen metabolism in growing swine receiving a bacterial protein supplement (Alcaligenes eutrophus) instead of soybean meal]. AB - In a balance trial with 10 pigs (mean body mass 50 kg) the influence of a bacterial protein supplement (Alcaligenes eutrophus) on N-metabolism was investigated. The bacteria were included into the diet at levels of 7 and 14% at the expense of extracted soyabean meal. Thus bacterial "pure protein" (bacterial non-nucleic acid N X X 6.25) amounted to 30 and 60% of the protein of the ration. Consuming 2 kg of feed dry matter per day the animals of the control group (I) and the experimental groups (II and III) ingested 48 g, 52 g and 55 g of total N respectively. The difference in N-intake is explained by the additional nucleic acid-N, amounting to 19,8% of total bacterial N. Daily weight gain (on average 1054 g) and feed conversion efficiency (feed ingested/weight gain; on average 1,9) were relatively improved at the highest dietary level of bacterial cell mass. Faecal N-excretion was increased significantly, whereas renal N-excretion remained unchanged. Mean apparent N-digestibility was 87,4% showing no significant difference between the experimental groups. N-balance values were noticibly increased following the intake of the bacterial protein supplement. The excretion of urinary urea-N was slightly reduced whereas 4-6 times as much allantoin-N was excreted when bacteria were fed. It is calculated that about 80% of the bacterial purines are renally excreted as allantoin and uric acid. PMID- 6539586 TI - The association of maize silage with urea: the effect on the ammonia content of the rumen fluid, the N flow in the duodenum, the nitrogen and energy balances and the milk production. AB - In different experiments, the nutritive value of maize silage associated with urea was compared with that of the same forage without any N supplement. The ammonia concentration in the rumen liquor was measured with two dry cows fitted with a permanent rumen cannula. Urea was rapidly hydrolysed in the rumen and gave rise to high ammonia concentrations. The control diet did not supply enough fermentable nitrogen to the ruminal flora. The duodenal N flow was measured with two dry cows fitted with a re-entrant cannula at 10 cm from the pylorus. When increasing amounts of urea were fed, the duodenal N flow initially increased to a maximum, but it leveled off with higher amounts of urea in the diet. With 13 cows in the second part of lactation, the feeding of urea increased the nitrogen balance of the animals and the metabolizable energy density of the rations. However, the milk production and the milk protein secretion were only slightly enhanced. PMID- 6539587 TI - [Pathological anatomy of monogenic syndromes of multiple congenital developmental defects]. AB - Morphological study, with no selection, is performed of 1106 stillborns and children died before one year of age with congenital malformations (CM), 536 (46.9 +/- 1.5%) among them having multiple CM. Syndrome diagnosis is made in 44.1 +/- 2.1% cases: in 26.9 +/- 1.9% among them these were syndromes of chromosomal and in 17.9 +/- 1.7% syndromes of non-chromosomal etiology. Monogenic hereditary forms among non-chromosomal syndromes were in 42.1 +/- 4.8%. Comparative analysis of frequency and types of CM of various systems in monogenic and chromosomal syndromes and unclassified CM showed that the monogenic syndromes by their phenotypic manifestations are close to the chromosomal syndromes. The uniformity of alterations of certain morphological structures in these syndromes appear to be the consequence of common ways of realisation of both mutant genes in monogenic syndromes and their imbalance in chromosomal syndromes. PMID- 6539588 TI - Angiosarcoma. PMID- 6539589 TI - Analysis of hearing loss due to cis-diamminedichloroplatinum-II. AB - The difference in the hearing threshold before and after treatment with cis diaminnedichloroplatinum (DDP) is analysed in 69 patients. Hearing loss due to DDP treatment is mainly limited to 8,000 Hz and the incidence is about 40%. The effect of DDP is dose-related, although even at the lowest dose 20% of the patients are affected. The age of the patients is not an important factor. Loss of hearing due to DDP treatment occurs independent of any pre-existent hearing loss although those patients with great pre-existent hearing loss do not show a further loss. Of the patients with hearing loss, 39% show a difference of 20 dB or more between the left and the right ear. Hearing loss due to DDP is of minor importance compared with many of the other side-effects of DDP. PMID- 6539590 TI - Aggressive behavior in inbred strains of mice during pregnancy. AB - Female aggressive behavior toward adult male ICR/JCl mice was compared for virgin and pregnant mice of five inbred strains (BALB/c, C3H/He, C57BL/6, DBA/2J, and AKR/J). Pregnant females from four strains except BALB exhibited intense aggressive behavior, whereas only virgin AKR females were aggressive. Aggressive behavior began in early pregnancy, was highest in midpregnancy, and declined slightly thereafter until the day of parturition. The level of aggressive behavior showed significant strain differences. The topography of aggressive behavior was also different among the four strains. DBA females showed marked contrast with the other three strains in the temporal changes of aggression in the first phase of encounter. Furthermore, strain specific behavioral pattern of aggression was demonstrated based on six behavioral acts ( Darting , Chasing, Attack, Biting, Wrestling, and Boxing). Virgin and pregnant AKR females showed the identical behavioral pattern of aggression. PMID- 6539591 TI - Perinatal linoleate deprivation impairs learning and memory in adult rats. AB - Rats receiving polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) deficient diets during the perinatal period showed in adult age undisturbed acquisition of a footshock motivated brightness discrimination task, but a significant impairment of retention. The same effects on retention were obtained in rats receiving the PUFA deficient diet in adulthood, when the behavioral parameters were investigated at the end of the dietary treatment. PMID- 6539592 TI - Basal blood pressure variability and reactivity of blood pressure to emotional stress in essential hypertension. AB - Blood pressure variability under basal conditions and blood pressure reactivity to emotional stress were studied in 38 hypertensives and 13 normotensives. Systolic basal blood pressure variability correlated with systolic blood pressure reactivity. Variability increased with higher basal blood pressure. Thus in the hypertension group the blood pressure variability was greater than in the normotension group. Besides, the hypertension group showed a greater reactivity of systolic blood pressure to emotional stress, too. An influence of age on basal blood pressure, blood pressure variability, and reactivity could be evaluated; but no influence of sex on these parameters was detected. The results indicate that variability and reactivity of blood pressure can be referred to a common central nervous blood-pressure-regulating mechanism. As both parameters are increased in hypertension, a greater lability of blood pressure must be assumed. This greater lability may be attributed to a stronger neurogenic influence or to structural changes of peripheral blood vessels. PMID- 6539593 TI - [Significance of the choice of donor animals for the number and quality of the embryos]. PMID- 6539594 TI - The rate of initiation of alpha- and beta-globin mRNA translation is modulated by 50 kDa, 28-kDa and 24-kDa polypeptide-containing fractions. AB - The relative rates of initiation of alpha- and beta-globin mRNA translation in a Krebs II ascites cell-free system are differently modulated by a 50-kDa protein and two fractions containing either a 28-kDa or a 24-kDa polypeptide. Each of these fractions stimulated a discrete step that limits initiation of protein synthesis, but other rate-limiting steps take place upstream and/or downstream, resulting in characteristic kinetics of the stimulation of alpha- and beta-globin synthesis. The ascites extracts appear to be deficient in these activities. PMID- 6539595 TI - Isolation and sequence determination of peptide components of atrial natriuretic factor. AB - The independent isolation and sequence determination in our laboratories of three closely related Atrial Natriuretic Factor peptides from rat atria confirm the sequences of ANF peptides reported by Seidah et al and synthesized by Nutt et al [Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., (1984) in press] and contain the sequences reported by Flynn et al [Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. (1983) 117: 859-865] and by Currie et al [Science (1984) 223: 67-69]. In addition, we provide proof for a C-terminal tyrosine rather than tyrosine amide in our isolated peptides. PMID- 6539596 TI - A 250-kilodalton cellular protein is induced by progestins in two human breast cancer cell lines MCF7 and T47D. AB - We have studied the effect of R5020, a synthetic progestin, on the biosynthesis of cellular proteins extracted from the MCF7 and T47D human breast cancer cells, using gel electrophoresis. R5020 stimulates the synthesis, as measured after [35S]-methionine labelling, and the accumulation, as shown by silver staining, of a protein of molecular weight approximately equal to 250,000. The increase of the labelled 250-kilodalton protein was rapid (3 hours) and after 3 days this protein represented approximately equal to 6% of the total cellular proteins (approximately equal to 1 microgram/150,000 cells). The induction of the 250 kilodalton protein was obtained by physiologically active concentrations of several progestins and high concentrations of 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone but not by estradiol or dexamethasone. It was inhibited by R486 , a progestin antagonist, but not by flutamide, an androgen antagonist. These results indicate a mediation by the progesterone receptor. The 250-kilodalton protein appears to be an excellent probe to study in cell culture the mechanism of action of progestin on human cells. PMID- 6539597 TI - In vivo inhibition of thromboxane synthetase in infarcted canine myocardium. AB - The in vivo effectiveness of the thromboxane synthetase inhibitor OKY-1581 was tested in normal and infarcted canine myocardium. A rapid in vitro assay was developed which permits an accurate assessment of the status of the tissue thromboxane synthetase at the time of sacrifice. Reperfused infarcts were created by two hours of coronary artery occlusion followed by release of occlusion and three days of recovery. OKY-1581 was infused at 100 micrograms/kg/min for 15 minutes, a dose previously found to cause an 85% inhibition of canine platelet thromboxane synthetase in vivo. The heart was rapidly excised and transmural tissue plugs of infarcted and normal areas were obtained. These were incubated for 5 minutes with prostaglandin endoperoxide (PGH2) in phosphate buffer. Thromboxane production was inhibited from 16 +/- 1 ng TxB2 per tissue plug to 5 +/- 1 in normal myocardium and from 27 +/- 5 to 6 +/- 1 in infarcted areas of myocardium. Control incubations showed no further inhibition with the in vitro addition of 20 micrograms/ml OKY-1581, confirming the completeness of in vivo inhibition. Thus significant inhibition of thromboxane synthetase by intravenous OKY-1581 occurs even in a reperfused zone of infarction. PMID- 6539598 TI - Identification in rat atrial tissue of multiple forms of natriuretic polypeptides of about 3,000 daltons. AB - Rat atrial natriuretic peptides of relatively low molecular weight have been isolated from the alpha-component of rectum relaxant activity corresponding to about 3,000 daltons, which was obtained as a side fraction in our previous isolation of beta-rat atrial natriuretic polypeptide (beta- rANP ). In contrast to the same fraction from human atria, the rat atrial alpha-component was found to contain six or more distinct but related peptides, eliciting a potent natriuretic activity. Six of them (B-II, C, D, E, B-I and A), containing 35, 33, 32, 31, 28 and 25 amino acid residues, respectively, have been purified to homogeneity and sequenced. All these peptides were found to correspond to the C terminal sequence of beta- rANP composed of 48 residues, with varying N-terminal elongations. This indicates that these peptides are derived from beta- rANP . Peptide B-I, composed of 28 residues, is identical to alpha-human atrial polypeptide(alpha- hANP ), with a single replacement of Ile for Met at position 12. PMID- 6539599 TI - Effects of various 2-amino-6-alkyldithiopurines on brain specific [3H]diazepam binding. AB - Various derivatives of 2-amino-6- methylthiopurine with substituents at the 6 position of purine were tested for their abilities to displace [3H]diazepam binding to rat brain membranes. The potency was dependent on the carbon chain length in the 6-position of purine. Among the derivatives tested, 2-amino-6-n- pentyldithiopurine had the highest potency, with a Ki value of 0.92 microM. PMID- 6539600 TI - System for the exposure of cell suspensions to power-frequency electric fields. AB - A system is described that uses an oscillating magnetic field to produce power frequency electric fields with strengths in excess of those produced in an animal or human standing under a high-voltage electric-power transmission line. In contrast to other types of exposure systems capable of generating fields of this size, no electrodes are placed in the conducting growth media: the possibility of electrode contamination of the exposed suspension is thereby eliminated. Electric fields in the range 0.02-3.5 V/m can be produced in a cell culture with total harmonic distortions less than 1.5%. The magnetic field used to produce electric fields for exposure is largely confined within a closed ferromagnetic circuit, and experimental and control cells are exposed to leakage magnetic flux densities less than 5 microT . The temperatures of the experimental and control cell suspensions are held fixed within +/- 0.1 degrees C by a water bath. Special chambers were developed to hold cell cultures during exposure and sham exposure. Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells incubated in these chambers grew for at least 48 h and had population doubling times of 16-17 h, approximately the same as for CHO cells grown under standard cell-culture conditions. PMID- 6539601 TI - Connective tissue activating peptide III. Induction of synthesis and secretion of plasminogen activator by synovial fibroblasts. AB - Connective tissue activating peptide III (CTAP-III) is a platelet factor that induces, in cultured connective tissue cells, activities observed in chronic inflammation. In this study we measured plasminogen activator secretion by synovial fibroblasts after stimulation by CTAP-III. Increased plasminogen activator secretion was observed 24-48 hours after stimulation. Induction was prevented by dexamethasone (10(-9)-10(-7) M), cycloheximide (1 microgram/ml) and, variably, by actinomycin D (0.3 microgram/ml), but not by cytosine arabinoside (10(-4)M). This is the first evidence that CTAP-III induces degradative as well as proliferative activity by connective tissue cells. PMID- 6539602 TI - [Synthesis, physical-chemical properties and pharmacologically-oriented screening studies on budipine and related 4,4-diphenylpiperidines]. AB - 1-Alkyl-4,4-diphenylpiperidines 5-23 are accessible in a simple manner and with attractive yields by regioselective reaction of piperidine derivatives like 1, 2, 3 or particularly 3-aroyl-4-aryl-4-hydroxypiperidines 4, which can be varied widely at the nitrogen atom, with benzene under Friedel-Crafts conditions. The physico-chemical parameters, which are important for the transport and the distribution of a drug in a living system, are discussed for the 1-tert-butyl derivative 13 (budipine) (pKa, partition coefficient P, saturation concentration Cs, surface activity, protein binding). Rapid absorption of this drug in man is indicated by the size of the permeability coefficient PM of the passive transport through artificial phospholipid collodium membranes as well as the invasion curves calculated from PM. According to pharmacological screening tests, most of the compounds of this class show marked antagonistic activity against experimentally generated pathological states in mice (tremorine and reserpine antagonism) which suggest their potential use in the therapy of Parkinson's disease. 13 has been selected for detailed investigations. Structure-activity analyses did not readily demonstrate the presence of a relationship between the type of alkyl substituent at the piperidine nitrogen atom and the pharmacological screening results obtained. PMID- 6539603 TI - Sulfonyliminoimidazolidines, a new class of oral hypoglycemic agents. 4. Toxicity and general pharmacology of 1-[p-[2-(crotonylamino)-ethyl]-phenylsulfonyl]-3 cyclohexy l-2-imino- imidazolidine (CGP 11 112). AB - Results of a first segment of toxicity tests and general pharmacological investigations with 1-[p-[2-(crotonylamino)-ethyl]-phenylsulfonyl]-3-cyclohexyl- 2- iminoimidazolidine (CGP 11 112), a potent new oral hypoglycemic agent, are reported. The acute LD50 in rats was 600 mg/kg p.o. and 25 mg/kg i.v. In a range finding study doses of 60 mg/kg p.o. and 10 mg/kg i.p., administered daily for 10 days, were tolerated without symptoms in rats, and 30 mg/kg p.o. produced no unequivocal toxic effects in dogs. Slight and transient increases of blood pressure were observed in anaesthetized cats at doses of 0.3 mg/kg i.v. and above. 3 mg/kg i.v. (1/10 LD) caused a transient blood pressure decrease. Heart rate, tidal volume and blood pressure effects of epinephrine (adrenaline), norepinephrine (noradrenaline) and acetylcholine were not significantly influenced in a dose range from 0.01 to 1.0 mg/kg i.v. In isolated organ segments, CGP 11 112 produced only unspecific effects at high concentrations. No intrinsic activity, but antagonism against BaCl2-induced contractions were observed in isolated guinea-pig ileum (one third papaverine hydrochloride). Rate and force of contraction of isolated guinea-pig atria were not affected up to 2.4 mumol/l; higher concentrations were cardiodepressant. In rats, CGP 11 112 increased the excretion of urine, sodium and chloride, but not potassium, dose dependently (range 10-100 mg/kg). Similar effects observed in dogs suggest that the compound may affect fluid and electrolyte balance at high doses. Moderate antiphlogistic activity (ED40 10-40 mg/kg) was observed in the carrageenin induced rat paw oedema.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6539604 TI - Calcium complexes of xanthine derivatives: a new aspect of the mode of action of haemorheologically active drugs. AB - External Ca2+-ions as well as certain xanthine derivatives are known to influence red blood cell properties. Therefore interaction of some xanthine derivatives with Ca-salts have been examined in vitro. Synthesis of five Ca-xanthine derivative complexes is described. The ability of complexing Ca2+-ions gives an insight into the probable mode of action of certain xanthine drugs. PMID- 6539605 TI - [Comparison of the effects of piracetam and methohexital on cerebral energy metabolism]. AB - Several authors suggest an influence of piracetam on brain energy metabolism. Therefore, we examined the effect of this drug on the levels of high-energy phosphates, glucose, some metabolites of glycolysis and free amino acids in the rat brain under normoxic, ischemic and postischemic conditions. In order to eliminate peripheral effects on the cerebral metabolism the isolated perfused rat brain was used as a model for this study. Methohexital was also administered for demonstrating protective effects on energy metabolism under the experimental conditions employed. The barbiturate, not piracetam, reduced the recovery time of the EEG after 1.5 or 2 min of ischemia. The depletion of energy reserves after the ischemic periods was diminished by methohexital but not by piracetam. The substrate and metabolite levels removed faster to the control levels under methohexital in the postischemic period whereas the piracetam treated brains did not differ from the controls. The subchronical treatment of rats in vivo with piracetam only caused a slightly smaller increase in the cerebral lactate concentration after anoxic periods. These results do not suggest an acute effect of piracetam on rat brain energy metabolism whereas the barbiturate methohexital may protect the brain against ischemic damage in a certain extent. PMID- 6539606 TI - Investigations on the mechanism of positive inotropic action of (+) tranylcypromine in isolated guinea-pig atria. AB - Investigations on the mechanism of the positive inotropic action of (+) tranylcypromine (TCP) on left, electrically stimulated, isolated guinea-pig atria led to the following results: In contrast to (-)-TCP, the positive inotropic action of (+)-TCP on the guinea-pig atria is not abolished, but only weakened by pretreating animals with reserpine. The positive inotropic effect of indirectly acting sympathomimetics, such as tyramine or methamphetamine, on isolated atria of reserpine pretreated guinea pigs recovers within 15-30 min of incubation with (+)-TCP. The same applies to other inhibitors of MAO-A, such as clorgiline and pargyline as well as selegiline (deprenyl) in higher concentrations. Inhibitors of norepinephrine (noradrenaline) synthesis as alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine and FLA-63 (bis-(4-methyl-1-homopiperazinyl-thiocarbonyl)-disulphide] prevent the positive inotropic action of (+)-TCP on atrial preparations of reserpine pretreated guinea pigs, and abolish the (+)-TCP induced restitution of the effects of tyramine and methamphetamine. A destruction of adrenergic nerves using 6-hydroxydopamine also prevents the positive inotropic action of (+)-TCP. These results suggest that (+) TCP increases the net neuronal synthesis of catecholamines. PMID- 6539607 TI - [Effect of antithrombin III on experimental hepatotoxin poisoning in dogs]. AB - Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) produces hepatic necrosis and Galactosamine (GALN) causes acute hepatocellular injury in dogs. 8 Beagle dogs were treated orally twice with 0.4 ml/kg CCl4 and 12 Beagle dogs with 200 mg/kg GALN i.v. After intoxication, groups of dogs were given antithrombin III (AT III) (Kybernin) from human plasma (25-100 U/kg i.v., days 1-3). Serum enzymes (GOT, GPT) were elevated, alkaline phosphatase values and serum bilirubin were increased in all animals. Dogs developed severe coagulation disorders reflecting intravascular coagulation and depressed levels of factors produced by the liver, such as AT III or fibrinogen. First toxic symptoms were seen after 48 h. Untreated dogs died between 48 and 72 h after GALN. AT III reduced the toxic effects on the coagulation system dose-dependently (minimal effective dose 3 X 50 U/kg). Decrease of fibrinogen and of platelet count were less pronounced, coagulation tests (Quick, TEG) less altered than in untreated dogs. Death rate was reduced. In CCl4 intoxicated animals also serum enzyme levels normalized after AT III. In GALN treated animals serum glucose levels were decreased in control dogs. These experimental results confirmed clinical effects of AT III in acute hepatic intoxications of humans. PMID- 6539608 TI - Quantitative determination of bencyclane in human plasma by capillary gas chromatography/chemical ionization mass spectrometry. AB - Since 10 years there is a phenomenal increase in the use of mass spectrometry, combined with (capillary-) gas chromatography and dedicated data systems for the rapid, reliable, sensitive and selective determination of xenobiotics (drugs, their degradation/biotransformation products etc.) in biological fluids. This applies especially since the introduction of newer developments in ionization techniques (CI, DCI, FAB) and gas chromatographic column technology (fused silica, bonded phase columns). We employed such a sophisticated method for the quantitative determination of N-[3-(1-benzyl-cycloheptyl-oxy)-propoxy]-N,N'- dimethylammoniumhydrogen fumarate (bencyclane) in human plasma after oral application of a therapeutic doses. Our results clearly show that this approach is the best method available; furthermore the detected plasma levels will lead to discussions with respect to the pharmacokinetic properties of the drug. PMID- 6539609 TI - [Screening and detection of the analgesic zomepirac]. AB - The article describes some possibilities for the screening and detection of the analgesic sodium [5-(4-chlorobenzoyl)-1,4-dimethylpyrrol-2-yl]-acetate dihydrate (zomepirac). UV-photometry seems to be the best method for the urine screening. Gas chromatography with and without derivatization and mass spectrometry are recommended as confirming methods. PMID- 6539610 TI - [Effect of metoprolol on the flow properties of blood]. AB - In the present article the interaction of 1- isopropylamino-3-[4-(2-methoxyethyl) phenoxy]-2-propanol (metoprolol, Beloc) with human erythrocytes is reported. Metoprolol is well known and acts mainly as a selective beta-1-antagonist. While erythrocyte aggregation, suspension osmolality and pH-values were unchanged, red cell deformability was markedly improved. Investigation into the furosemide sensitive fluxes resulted in an inhibition of sodium efflux and in a constant water content of human erythrocytes. These in vitro results suggest that metoprolol induced improvement of red cell deformability cannot be explained by shape changes of erythrocytes. PMID- 6539611 TI - Plasma concentrations of nifedipine in patients with renal failure. AB - Plasma concentrations of nifedipine were measured after oral administration of a capsule (Adalat) containing 10 mg of the substance in 6 patients with renal failure not on haemodialysis, in 5 patients with renal failure on haemodialysis and in 6 patients with normal renal function. Whereas the presence of renal failure did not influence the plasma concentrations, lower concentrations were found in the patients on haemodialysis than in the other groups. PMID- 6539612 TI - Bronchodilatory effect of trapidil in man. AB - Trapidil (Rocornal) is clinically used as a coronary vasodilator and inhibitor of coagulation of the platelet. Recently trapidil has been reported to have a bronchodilatory action in excised dog's tracheal smooth muscle. In the present study the bronchodilatory effects of trapidil were investigated in man. For 21 patients with asthma, 6 patients with emphysema and 2 patients with chronic bronchitis, 100 mg of trapidil was infused intravenously. Subjects were divided into two groups. Group I was infused for about 30 min and Group II for about 10 min. After administration of trapidil, forced vital capacity increased in both groups (p less than 0.01), forced expiratory volume at 1.0 s (p less than 0.01) and peak expiratory flow rate (p less than 0.05) increased in Group II. Respiratory resistance decreased (p less than 0.01) in Group II. From these results, it was confirmed that trapidil has bronchodilatory effect. We think trapidil is useful for the treatment of the patients not only with ischemic heart disease but with chronic obstructive lung disease. PMID- 6539613 TI - Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of cyclophosphamide from oral formulations. AB - The bioavailability of three administration forms of cyclophosphamide (CP) was determined by comparison with the i.v. application in 12 female patients with breast cancer. CP charges were given on four consecutive days at a dosage of 175 mg/m2 (50-mg dragees) in a randomized sequence. CP blood levels were measured with N/P flame ionization gas chromatography. The average half-life of intravenously applicated CP and for all three oral formulations was about 4 h. The ratio AUC p.o./AUC i.v. was 0.896 with the gastric juice-resistant formulation of CP, and 0.914 and 0.958 with the two "rapid release" formulations (soluble in gastric juice). The slight differences in the bioavailability and in the peak concentration (19.1; 22.1; 22.8 nmol/ml) were not significant. However, the gastric juice-resistant formulation displayed delayed peak times (2.5 h as compared to 1.13 and 1.42 h) as well as an irregular absorption phase with several maxima in the blood level curves in a few patients. When a first-pass effect of approximatively 8% is added to the bioavailability of the nonmetabolized CP, an almost complete absorption results for all CP formulations. Since the first-pass effect by hepatic metabolism of CP represents no detoxication, but a conversion of inactive CP into the actual cytostatically active form, a cytostatic bioavailability of likewise almost 100% can also be assumed. PMID- 6539614 TI - On the pharmacokinetics of latamoxef in normal and impaired renal function. AB - Pharmacokinetics of latamoxef (Moxalactam) have been investigated in 10 normal volunteers and 20 patients with impaired renal function after i.v. injection of 2 g. Elimination observed in normal volunteers can best be described by a two compartment model. In the presence of impaired renal function elimination of latamoxef is markedly prolonged. The result is a larger area under the serum level curve (area under the curve; AUC). AUC and glomerular filtration rate (as well as AUC and plasma creatinine as approximate measure of renal function) can be brought into a mathematical relation. From these relations a dose reduction factor (DRF) can be derived. By means of this factor a dose can be calculated for each arbitrary degree of renal impairment which causes the same AUC that would be anticipated in a subject with normal renal function. Dosing proposals are given in tabular form. These allow to bring about, that in each conceivable degree of renal failure, an AUC would be reached as it would have been attained in normal subjects. PMID- 6539615 TI - [The course of pain in patients with confirmed duodenal ulcer under therapy with cimetidine]. AB - In an open multicenter trial 1047 patients with endoscopically or X-ray verified duodenal ulcer were treated with 400 mg Cimetidin (Tagamet) b.i.d. The analysis of subjective pain records demonstrates 69% of the patients to suffer from severe pain before start of treatment while 3% were pain-free. Two days after start of treatment a statistically significant reduction (p less than 0.01) of intensity of pain has been proven. Five days after onset of treatment 30% of the patients are pain-free, 33% show minor impairment of well-being, 25% report moderate pain and 12% show clinically relevant pain. PMID- 6539616 TI - Stereotypy, locomotor and cataleptic effects produced by drugs influencing dopaminergic systems in a mutant strain of Wistar rats: a genuine model of basal ganglia dysfunction? AB - The mutant strain of Wistar rats carrying an autosomal recessive gene defect is characterized by a sequence of progressively developing behavioural alterations including hyperexcitability, tremor, olfactory and gustatory automatisms, bradykinesia, ataxia, rigidity, paresis and cachexia. The stereotypy and locomotor responses to increasing doses of apomorphine hydrochloride and D amphetamine sulphate, and the catalepsy response to increasing doses of haloperidol were studied in mutant rats at the age of 6-7 weeks. In the mutants, both the stereotypy and locomotor responses to amphetamine were enhanced, while stereotypy and locomotor effects induced by apomorphine were unaltered. The cataleptic response to haloperidol was significantly diminished compared to controls. These findings indicate a derangement in the function of basal ganglia in the mutants. PMID- 6539617 TI - Bilateral cutaneous stimulation of the somatosensory system in hemidecorticate rats. AB - An enduring somatosensory consequence of extensive neocortex injury in people is "simultaneous extinction," which is an interhemispheric perceptual interaction that is operationally distinguishable from neglect. A cutaneous stimulus presented on the contralateral side of the body is readily detected when presented singly but is actively masked during bilateral stimulation. In hemidecorticate rats, small adhesive stimuli were attached to the radial surface of each forelimb simultaneously, and the latencies to contact and to remove each stimulus were recorded. Neglect of the contralateral stimulus lasted 2-3 days. Thereafter the ipsilateral stimulus was removed first, followed immediately by the contralateral stimulus. This ipsilateral sensorimotor bias lasted several months. Further analysis with unremovable tactile stimuli provided evidence for true extinction. For a limited period (during the first 2 postoperative weeks), the contralateral stimulus did not appear to be detected in the presence of the ipsilateral stimulus. Rather than switching back and forth between the two stimuli, the animals ignored the stimulus on the contralateral limb and persisted in their attempts to remove the ipsilateral stimulus. A key feature of the "extinction" was its complete reversibility. Simply by adjusting the sensory fields occupied by the contralateral (C) and ipsilateral (I) stimuli (specifically, by increasing the C/I ratio), the sensorimotor bias was totally shifted to contralateral. During recovery, the size of the C/I ratio necessary to reverse sensorimotor asymmetry gradually decreased. Asymmetrical sensorimotor behavior and amphetamine-induced circling were examined in three additional groups of hemidecorticate rats, which were given their initial behavioral tests at 2, 12, or 52 postoperative weeks. This experiment confirmed the above findings and controlled for practice. Over the course of a year, apparently complete recovery occurred; however, there were residual effects. At each period, previously recovered symptoms were reinstated simply by turning on the room lights and opening the home cage slightly. These data underscore the importance of detailed behavioral analysis and the value of the rat as a model in studies of recovery of sensorimotor function. PMID- 6539618 TI - [Sodium bicarbonate in the diet of lactating sheep]. AB - Sodium bicarbonate added to diet of lactating sheep was studied. The milk production and the milk fat content did not change by treatment, in opposition to the results of others researchers. Faeces composition also is not influenced. The cause of this is discussed. PMID- 6539619 TI - [Effect of renal and liver failure on blood levels of vitamin A, its precursor (beta-carotene) and its carrier proteins (prealbumin and retinol binding protein)]. AB - Plasma beta-carotene and retinol assay was performed by high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) in subjects with chronic renal failure or liver cirrhosis. In the same subjects blood prealbumin (PA) and retinol binding protein (RBP) were determined by immunological technique. A considerable increase of retinol and in a lesser extent of beta-carotene was noted in the blood of patients with renal insufficiency. In cirrhotic patients it was shown a marked decrease both of beta carotene and retinol plasma concentrations. PA and RBP there were greatly increased in renal failure and decreased in liver cirrhosis. This results suggest that kidney and liver chronic failure interfere with vitamin A metabolism throughout their action on metabolic processes of synthesis and elimination of PA and RBP. PMID- 6539620 TI - Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in combination with juvenile amaurotic idiocy. Chance or fundamentally related findings? AB - Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and juvenile amaurotic idiocy (one of the ceroid lipofuscinoses ) were diagnosed in a 29 year old man. This combined finding may be one of pure coincidence, but hypertrophic cardiomyopathy like changes of the myocardium are known to occur in Friedreich's ataxia and lentiginosis . The occurrence may, therefore, indicate some fundamental interrelation. PMID- 6539621 TI - Parental speech to language delayed children: a home intervention study. PMID- 6539622 TI - Computational analysis of models for cotransport. AB - The order of substrate interaction with a cotransport carrier is studied by numerically fitting theoretical models to empirical data for a Na+-D-glucose pathway. Our analysis is based on a least-squares minimization routine developed at CERN, and uses data derived from tracer flux of substrate under equilibrium exchange conditions. Random, Ordered mirror, and Ordered glide models are considered and the applicability of both Random and Glide systems to the experimental observations is demonstrated. A more detailed study of the Glide model provides an estimation of the relative values of the individual rate constants describing each kinetic step in the mechanism. We argue that parameterization of competing models can result in tests which will distinguish between them, even when these contain many unknowns in the proposed structure of the kinetic mechanism. The essence of this means of model discrimination is the ability to find a single set of parameter values that fits a variety of experimental observations. The ability to obtain numerical estimates of obtain numerical estimates of individual rate constants is also a useful tool in investigation of the kinetic fine structure of the carrier. For the data at hand we conclude that a complete parameterization of the Glide model cannot be attained, possibly due to a heterogeneity in the temperature at which the experiments have been performed. Three solutions to the Glide model are presented, each of which corresponds to a fit of the Glide model to a subset of the experimental data. PMID- 6539623 TI - Purification and characterization of acetoacetyl-CoA synthetase from rat liver. AB - Acetoacetyl-CoA synthetase (acetoacetate:CoA ligase) was purified to electrophoretic homogeneity from a rat liver supernatant by ammonium sulfate fractionation and successive chromatographies on DEAE-Sepharose, Blue-Sepharose, Red-Sepharose, CoA-Sepharose, Ultrogel AcA-44, and DEAE-Sepharose once again. The purified enzyme had a specific activity of 2.3 mumol acetoacetyl-CoA formed per min per mg protein, which constituted a 960-fold purification compared to the crude extract, with a 7.4% yield. The enzyme absolutely required ATP, CoA, a monovalent cation (K+, Rb+, Cs+ or NH4+) and a divalent cation (Mg2+, Mn2+ or Ni2+) for its activity, yielding acetoacetyl-CoA, AMP and PPi in equimolar amounts. The molecular weight of the enzyme was approximately 80 000 as determined by Ultrogel AcA-34 gel filtration, and 71 000 by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate. The enzyme was active only on acetoacetate and to a lesser extent on L-(+)-3-hydroxybutyrate, and the Km values for acetoacetate, L-(+)-3-hydroxybutyrate, ATP and CoA were 8 microM, 75 microM, 60 microM and 10 microM, respectively. PMID- 6539624 TI - Litter size, maternal parameters, and brain and body parameters of neonatal rats. AB - The present work is concerned with the effect of natural litter size in the rat on the brain and body parameters of individual newborns, with particular reference to those newborns that were 'outstanding' (i.e., had parameters higher than mean +/- 2 SD). Correlations between litter size on one side, and length of gestation, number of stillborns, maternal weight at conception and maternal food consumption were also studied. To our knowledge, no previous report presented a similar integrated study on such a large number of rats (288 litters, 2,725 newborns) and wide range of litter size (2-17). PMID- 6539625 TI - Effects of single and repeated alcohol withdrawal on kindling. AB - It has been hypothesized that an electrophysiological reorganization of the limbic system takes place with repeated episodes of alcohol withdrawal which leaves the individual more susceptible to withdrawal effects, including delirium tremens and seizures. We examined the effects of two alcohol-dosing paradigms on the rate of kindling. Levels of ethanol below 300 mg/dl clearly did not accelerate the rate of kindling nor appear to affect the afterdischarge threshold, in spite of the fact that these levels have produced short-term withdrawal symptoms in other studies. Higher levels appeared to accelerate kindling. In the second experiment kindling was accelerated in animals with blood alcohol levels between 300 and 500 mg/dl. These findings are discussed in relation to clinical studies of alcohol withdrawal. PMID- 6539626 TI - Active and passive coping under different degrees of stress; effects on urinary and plasma catecholamines and ECG T-wave. AB - Cardiac sympathetic, urinary and plasma catecholamine effects of active and passive coping were investigated during both low and high stress. Stress intensity was manipulated by varying the work load on a bicycle ergometer. As predicted, T-wave flattening of the ECG - an index of cardiac sympathetic activity - was significantly more pronounced during active coping than during passive coping. This effect did not depend upon the degree of stress. A significant increase in both adrenaline and noradrenaline levels depended upon the combined effects of active coping and high stress. Because high concentrations of circulating catecholamines are thought to be related to cardiovascular pathology, the results suggest that active coping during high stress might involve the highest cardiovascular risks. PMID- 6539627 TI - Role of prolactin in controlling prolactin surges in pseudopregnant rats. AB - The present study investigated whether prolactin (Prl) itself acts as a physiological factor in the control of nocturnal Prl surges in pseudopregnant (PSP) rats. Intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of ovine Prl at doses of 0.1, 1 and 10 micrograms/rat given 1 h before the start of the nocturnal Prl surge inhibited its occurrence completely and dose-dependently. The same inhibition of nocturnal Prl surge was observed 4 and 1 h before, and even 1.5 h after, the start of the nocturnal Prl surge. Prl concentrations in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) increased twice a day, the timings of which were similar to those of diurnal and nocturnal surges of Prl in PSP rats. Changes of Prl concentrations in the CSF correlated closely with those of plasma Prl concentrations. ICV injection of antiserum to rat Prl in the first half period of nocturnal Prl surges did not modify the elevation pattern of plasma Prl concentrations. Inhibition of nocturnal Prl surge produced by ICV injection of ovine Prl was overcome by subcutaneous administration of pimozide (1 mg/kg). These results suggest that Prl itself may act as an important physiological modulatory factor in the control mechanism(s) of nocturnal Prl surge in PSP rats. Prl may inhibit further discharge of Prl by a feedback mechanism through the hypothalamic dopaminergic system within a very short time period. PMID- 6539628 TI - Laser microprobe mass spectrometry of platinum in dog kidney after cisplatin administration. AB - By means of laser microprobe mass analysis ( LAMMA ) platinum was detected in the renal proximal tubular cells of a dog that had been intravenously administered the antitumor drug cisplatin (5 mg per kg body weight). No definite subcellular localization of the heavy metal was obtained. Sample preparation and analytical features are examined to increase spatial resolution of analysis while maintaining sufficient detection efficiency. The LAMMA method is destructive, but the amount and type of evaporated material can readily be determined when using LAMMA in combination with transmission electron microscopy. Instrumental optimization and standardization of mass signals is possible by using platinum loaded, ion-chelating resin beads embedded and sectioned with the tissue. PMID- 6539629 TI - [Efficacy of sequential chemotherapy including vincristine, cisplatin and ifosfamide in the treatment of stage IV head and neck carcinomas and melanomas with visceral involvement. Preliminary results]. PMID- 6539632 TI - Sonographic detection of large spontaneous spleno-renal shunts and its clinical significance. AB - The ultrasonographic findings of large spleno-renal shunts seen in five patients with liver cirrhosis and confirmed by CT and/or portography, are described. These spleno-renal shunts were seen in the left inter- or subcostal sections as transonic, mass-like lesions located between the splenic hilum and the left kidney, and by continuous scanning, they were found to be part of a tortuous, large tubular structure. Oesophageal varices were absent or minimal in these patients, and none of them had ever bled. PMID- 6539630 TI - Uranium effects on the growth of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.). PMID- 6539631 TI - Some effects of nicotine on food and water intake in undeprived rats. AB - Undeprived rats were tested in their home cages for intake of water and powered food, starting 15 min after subcutaneous (s.c.) injection of (-)-nicotine bitartrate or 0.9% w/v NaCl solution (saline). In the first 2 h, nicotine (0-0.4 mg kg-1 base) markedly reduced water intake in a dose-related way, leaving food intake unchanged. Food and water intake up to 24 h after injection was unaffected. Rats (n = 6 per group) were then injected daily with nicotine (0.4 mg kg-1 base, s.c.) or saline for one month. Intermittent tests with saline (in place of nicotine) during this period did not reveal any signs of abstinence. A dose-response study similar to the first was then carried out, and little or no tolerance was found to the hypodipsic action of nicotine. Nicotine also reduced food intake, irrespective of chronic treatment. Subsequently, daily injections were discontinued, and spontaneous intake did not differ in rats previously maintained on nicotine, relative to control animals. Mecamylamine (0.3, 1.5 mg kg 1, s.c.) prevented nicotine-induced hypodipsia, whereas chlorisondamine (0.02, 0.1 mg kg-1 s.c.) was ineffective. Both ganglion blockers reduced food intake. Nicotine did not reduce drinking in rats preloaded with a hypertonic saline solution. It is suggested that nicotine reduces water intake in undeprived rats, probably by acting centrally. Since this action changes little with repeated testing, it may provide a useful index of one or more central actions of the drug. PMID- 6539633 TI - Subsequent malignancies in patients irradiated for testicular tumours. AB - 897 patients received radiotherapy in Scotland for tumours of the testis between 1950-1969. 299 patients who died within two years of treatment, and a further 51 patients with inadequate follow-up data, were excluded from a survey of the incidence of second tumours. 547 patients with a mean follow-up of 15.4 years were included in the study. Fifty-one second and six third malignancies were found. The observed incidence is significantly higher than expected (ratio 1.87; p less than 0.001), both in the irradiated sites (ratio 1.94; p less than 0.05) and in unirradiated sites (ratio 1.99; p less than 0.01). These patients have a higher incidence of second testicular tumours (ratio 23.1; p less than 0.001). Analysis of the incidence of new malignancies in successive quinquennia after irradiation shows a significantly higher incidence in two periods. Within five years the greater incidence (p less than 0.05) is due mainly to the occurrence of second testicular tumours. In the period 15-19 years after irradiation the higher incidence (p less than 0.01) is accounted for by tumours arising in the urinary and gastro-intestinal tracts. The increased risk of developing a second cancer is low and there was no observed increase in radiation-related leukaemia. PMID- 6539634 TI - Adaptive plasticity and diurnal rhythm in the primate spinal stretch reflex are independent phenomena. AB - Recent studies have revealed two phenomena producing considerable variation in amplitude of the initial, purely segmental, largely monosynaptic, response to sudden muscle stretch, the spinal stretch reflex (SSR), without change in background EMG activity or initial muscle length. The first is small and short term, a modest diurnal rhythm in SSR amplitude. The second is large and long term, marked adaptive change in SSR amplitude which occurs gradually over weeks and months when animals are rewarded for such change. This second phenomenon may involve persistent segmental alteration, and, if so, could constitute a technically accessible substrate of memory. The present study compared the two phenomena and sought evidence of interaction between them. The diurnal rhythm persisted, without change in phase and with only minimal change in amplitude, despite the occurrence of marked adaptive change. Animals did not utilize the rhythm to increase reward percentage by altering daily performance schedules. These results suggest that the mechanisms of the diurnal rhythm and of adaptive plasticity in SSR amplitude are separate and independent. The diurnal rhythm's effect on movement was not altered by adaptive change in SSR amplitude. This effect was comparable to adaptive change's effect on movement when both were expressed as change in movement/change in SSR amplitude. PMID- 6539635 TI - Inhibition of sexual behavior in female guinea pigs by a progestin receptor antagonist. AB - The new steroidal progestin receptor antagonist, RU 38486, was used to determine if progesterone-facilitation of sexual behavior in female guinea pigs requires interaction of the hormone with neural progestin receptors. Five milligrams but not 0.5 mg RU 38486 inhibits the expression of sexual behavior in ovariectomized, estrogen-primed guinea pigs treated with 0.1 mg progesterone. This inhibition can be overcome by administration of a large dose of progesterone, suggesting that the drug-effect is specific to the progestin receptor system. RU 38486 binds, in vitro, to progestin receptors and decreases the availability of hypothalamic progestin receptors in estrogen-treated guinea pigs. These studies provide strong evidence that progesterone interaction with intracellular neural progestin receptors mediates the facilitation of sexual behavior by progesterone in female guinea pigs. PMID- 6539636 TI - Brain catecholamine content during the estrous cycle and in steroid-primed rats. AB - Norepinephrine (NE) and dopamine (DA) levels were measured in several estrogen concentrating brain regions over the estrous cycle and in steroid-primed ovariectomized rats under experimental conditions used to study sexual receptivity. Norepinephrine content in the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH), lateral septum (LS) and medial preoptic area (POA) varied during the estrous cycle. The highest NE levels were found during metestrus in these brain regions. In the ovariectomized rat, NE levels were increased in the POA and LS 12 hours (hr) after the injection of 3 micrograms of estradiol benzoate (65% and 33%, respectively). Norepinephrine content in the POA and LS remained elevated 24 hr and 48 hr (0.5 mg progesterone at 42 hr) after treatment but were not different from control levels at 96 hr. Dopamine concentrations were not significantly altered over the estrous cycle or by the administration of estradiol benzoate in any of the brain regions studied. These results suggest that estrogen may selectively alter noradrenergic activity in brain regions that are implicated in the control of sexual receptivity and/or ovulation. PMID- 6539637 TI - Theoretical and practical aspects of risks and vulnerabilities in infancy. AB - There is substantial agreement about the basic concepts of vulnerability and at risk conditions in childhood in the context of what constitutes healthy development. Health is characterized by a progression of maturation and development in mental and emotional as well as in the physical spheres. When there is a failure of developmental progress that is more than transient, the expert observer ideally would detect it before the deviation creates its own complications. If the child and parents start off with the child poorly or incompletely equipped, or with the parents unable to respond with competence and affection to a healthy child, the vulnerability of the child or the at-risk environment created or unrelieved by the parents may set up a deviant or impaired development that has its own momentum and pattern. Thus, vulnerability refers to the weaknesses, deficits or defects of the child, whereas risk refers to the interaction of the environment and the child. Vignettes are presented to illustrate alternate patterns of parent-child interaction and how risk and vulnerability must be viewed together as a dynamic interchange between equipment and environment. PMID- 6539638 TI - A new perspective on emotions. AB - This paper reviews the recent history of the study of human emotions in psychology and traces the factors that have been responsible for a remarkable increase of interest in emotions, especially in human development. In particular, it traces the rise of the study of emotions as regulators of human behavior. A particularly clear and powerful illustration of the regulatory role of emotional expressions on behavior is the phenomenon of social referencing. This concept deals with the use of emotional information in another's facial, vocal or gestural expression to clarify uncertain situations. Research on social referencing is reviewed, showing the importance of social referencing with infants as young as 8.5 months. The clinical implications of the concept are briefly explored. PMID- 6539640 TI - The role of pre-birth parent characteristics in early family development. AB - In designing early intervention studies, it is important to consider how the nature of pre-birth parent personality and marital characteristics influence family and child development. Descriptions of the development of three families show the specific impact of these pre-birth characteristics on the quality of the parent-infant transaction of infant soothability-responsiveness to need. Further focus is provided by linking the parent's responsiveness to the infant's need to the emergence and resolution of ambivalent feelings about caring for the infant. The variations in the resolution of ambivalent feelings and the parental personality and marital context of that resolution are explored. Three such configurations are illustrated: a competent mother whose ambivalence appeared in the context of difficulty with intimacy; a mother who struggled with intensely loving and hostile feelings generally; and the description of the emergence of maternal ambivalence in the context of difficulty in achieving psychological separation from her child. Finally, quantitative indices are used to compare these three instances of difficulty in resolving ambivalence with two families whose resolution of the ambivalence was optimal. PMID- 6539639 TI - Continuities and discontinuities in affective and cognitive-motivational development. AB - This paper reviews research on the issue of continuities and discontinuities in development, focusing on affective and cognitive-motivational aspects. The theoretical view of Rene Spitz and supporting research is reviewed related to transformations in affective development. Methods of assessment of cognitive motivational development ("mastery motivation") are described as utilized in a number of studies. These studies illustrate developmental transformations at approximately 10 and 18 months of age in normal infants. In addition, findings comparing abused/neglected and perinatal risk infant populations with normal infants illustrate differences in both affective and cognitive-motivational development. PMID- 6539641 TI - Child abuse and neglect in infancy: sources of hostility within the parent-infant dyad and disorders of attachment in infancy. AB - The human infant is prepared during fetal life and arrives on the scene ready to participate actively as a partner with the parent in structuring his own development. Parents are normally prepared for this participant activity by achieving a high degree of sensitivity to the signals of distress of and by the infant's affective engagement with them. The meaning of ordinary distress signals is in instances of child abuse and neglect determined by an unconscious mythology which the parent has about the infant, and also by what the parent finds unacceptable in oneself and projects onto the infant. The recent research on mother-infant attachment is reviewed. Landmarks for normal attachment behaviors from birth to age 3 are defined within seven different age groupings, and the psychiatric syndrome, "Reactive Attachment Disorder of Infancy," is described and is found almost universally in failure to thrive without organic cause babies. The diagnosis of Reactive Attachment Disorder is preferable because it leads to appropriate preventive and interventive action. PMID- 6539642 TI - Predicting rejection of her infant from mother's representation of her own experience: implications for the abused-abusing intergenerational cycle. AB - Child-battering parents are described in the literature as having three primary behavioral characteristics: a general difficulty with the control of aggression; an aversive, unsympathetic response to distress in others; and self-isolating tendencies. Here we review recent studies of young abused children which show the development of similar behavioral characteristics as early as 1-3 years of age. Surprisingly, these same three behavioral characteristics also develop in relatively maternally rejected children in normal samples. Taken together, these findings seem to suggest a continuum of psychological process from the experience of "normal" rejection to the experience of actual abuse by the parent. Studies of normal samples can then enrich our understanding of the psychological processes involved in child abuse. The second half of this article presents preliminary findings taken from our own ongoing study of social development in normal (nonabusive) families. Our study of the transcripts of 30 Berkeley Adult Attachment Interviews shows that a mother's apparent experience of her own mother as rejecting is systematically related to her rejection of her own infant (as observed in our laboratories) and at the same time to systematic distortions in her own cognitive processes (as taken from our study of adult attachment interviews). These distortions (idealization of the rejecting parent, difficulty in remembering childhood, incoherency in discussing attachment) are each significantly related to the mother's rejection of her own infant. Distortions in representation of an abusing parent may play a positive role in the perpetuation of child abuse. PMID- 6539643 TI - Infant mental health and biological risk. AB - Parents seldom seek help directly for infant mental health problems. Parents enter the health care system seeking advice for identified or presumed biological problems in their infants. Many of these biological problems, however, have major psychosocial components of importance to infant mental health. It is important that physicians deal directly with the psychosocial issues and avoid converting them into biological medical problems unintentionally. Three common types of problems and appropriate methods of management are discussed to ensure special recognition and effective handling by the physician of psychosocial problems and the promotion of mental health. The problems discussed are the following: Infants seen with defined medical conditions that generally have associated psychosocial problems including child abuse. Infants seen who have fully recovered from critical illnesses but are considered "at risk" for later developmental disability. Infants seen with normal variations of behavior that are misinterpreted by their parents or physicians as due to a medical problem. In infancy medical and psychosocial issues are so closely interwoven that it is critical that physicians learn to recognize the major psychosocial consequences of primary medical problems and the medical manifestations of primary psychosocial problems and their management. PMID- 6539645 TI - Three views of child neglect: expanding visions of preventive intervention. AB - The failure to address child neglect prevention efforts from a system viewpoint is presented as a major impediment to the generation of truly preventive interventions. Child neglect prevention is discussed at three levels: at the level of the individual, at the level of social systems and at the level of fundamental beliefs and cultural agreements. A process of component selection and placement is suggested with component selection based on components drawn from recent research and clinical work. Interventions would be geared to meet the particular needs of individual settings and at the same time be constructed so that each component would mesh with and build on previous components. An outline of a preventive child neglect intervention strategy is presented. Practices of government, the impact of business and technology and economic theory and practice are shown as plausible areas for preventive intervention. Core beliefs upon which social systems are built are challenged. It is stated that too narrow a view of child neglect often limits problem definition and encourages placement of blame at the family level. This decreases the effectiveness of the clinician who is coping with an individual problem as well as the researcher who is exploring the basic issues. PMID- 6539644 TI - Hospitalized cases of nonorganic failure to thrive: the scope of the problem and short-term lay health visitor intervention. AB - This paper describes the characteristics of thriving and failure to thrive (FTT) children and their mothers and examines the effect of short-term lay health visitor intervention in cases of nonorganic failure to thrive (NO FTT). Twenty five FTT children and mothers received lay health visitor (LHV) intervention in addition to other community and medical treatment; 25 other FTT children and mothers did not receive the LHV intervention but did receive all other medical and community treatment. Twenty-five thriving children and mothers were matched with the FTT children and mothers in the LHV group on the child's age at intake, sex, birth weight, and the mother's age, ethnicity, and number of living children. At initial assessment, the FTT and thriving groups were found to be comparable on demographic factors, infant birth weight percentiles, apgar scores, complications of pregnancy or delivery, and separations in the newborn period. There were more premature births in the LHV group although the proportion of premature births for the FTT and thriving groups overall were similar. A majority of mothers in the FTT groups had negative memories of childhood in contrast to more positive memories in the thriving group. At initial assessment, the majority of thriving children were developmentally normal and had increased from their birth weight percentiles whereas all of the FTT children had decreased from their birthweight percentiles and over half were developmentally delayed. There were clear differences in mother-child interaction patterns in the thriving and FTT groups. Three patterns of interaction were identified in the FTT group: benign neglect, incoordination, and overt hostility. Intervention had no measurable effect on the child's weight, development, or interaction patterns. Only 8 of 37 FTT children reevaluated 6 months later showed "catch up" growth and only 7 had improved in developmental score category. Patterns of interaction were found to persist over the 6 months in all cases. One to three year follow-up of 44 families emphasized the severity of the condition and the need for differentiation of the severity of the disturbance in the mother-child relationship and for more intensive intervention than was available in this study. Of these 44 cases, 2 children had died, 5 had been physically abused or further neglected, and 10 were in alternative care arrangements. PMID- 6539646 TI - Intervention with infants at risk for abuse or neglect. AB - The need for direct services to infants at risk for abuse or neglect is addressed, with an emphasis on the advantages to the child of the integration of various modalities of treatment. The expertise of professionals who work with infants and young children in therapeutic and stimulation programs is required. Their experience also underscores the need for direct intervention in the parent child interaction process. The developmental line of mastery and competence is reviewed with highlights of how this may be derailed in the at-risk infant. Finally, two suggestions are developed: that empathy might be taught to parents through an educational mode and that surrogate parenting, part-time, might be implemented routinely with mistreated children, at-risk infants, and perhaps for all infants. PMID- 6539647 TI - Strategies of intervention. AB - This paper begins with a discussion of the optimal conditions for the provision of infant mental health services to infants and toddlers. It argues for the importance of the automatic provision of service at all levels of need. The pediatric setting is emphasized as the natural locus for the integration of such preventive services and as the first and often sole contact of parents and infants with professionals. The various kinds of possible service are delineated as are the sources of stress. It is suggested that the understanding of these factors should dictate the kind and level of response which might be most efficacious. Finally, some basic difficulties in establishing a working alliance with parents whose relationships with their infants and toddlers are developing very negatively are discussed. A framework for understanding some of these problems which may interfere with the parents' utilization of services is provided by employing the psychoanalytic concepts of transference and countertransference. The influence of these transference feelings on the relationship between parents and service providers of all kinds is emphasized and explored. PMID- 6539648 TI - Acquisition of multiple drug resistance by CCRF-CEM cells selected for different degrees of resistance to vincristine. AB - We studied the acquisition of multiple drug resistance to several "natural product" drugs by cultured human leukemic lymphoblasts selected for increasing resistance to vincristine (VCR). Three apparent types of cross-resistance patterns could be distinguished: specific, pleiotropic, and mixed. Cross resistance to vindesine developed in parallel with VCR resistance, appearing at the lowest levels of VCR resistance (approximately fivefold). Vinblastine resistance did not become noticeable until VCR resistance was higher (approximately equal to 50-100-fold). Cross-resistance resistance to three other tubulin-binding agents developed in a different pattern, however. While cross resistance to maytansine was seen in cells of intermediate (approximately equal to 50-fold) resistance to VCR, colchicine cross-resistance occurred only in cells that were highly resistant to VCR (approximately equal to 500-fold). Even at the highest level of VCR resistance (approximately equal to 600-fold), complete sensitivity to podophyllotoxin was retained. Conversely, cross-resistance to the epipodophyllotoxins , teniposide and etoposide, semisynthetic derivatives of podophyllotoxin, was seen in cells that were greater than 50-fold resistant to VCR. The same pattern obtained for the anthracyclines, doxorubicin and daunorubicin. We conclude that resistance to low concentrations of VCR does not uniformly confer cross-resistance to other classes of natural product drugs. PMID- 6539649 TI - Mechanisms for the renal secretion of cisplatin. AB - Cisplatin (cisDDP) inhibits the active uptake of tetraethylammonium and p aminohippurate by mouse kidney slices. The shapes of the dose-response curves for inhibition of the organic cation and organic anion transport are different, and the inhibition is competitive in each case. Thus, the inhibition by cisDDP may be due to interaction of cisDDP or its aquated products with the specific transport sites rather than to nonspecific metabolic poisoning of the slices by cisDDP. In mice, cimetidine inhibits the renal secretion of tetraethylammonium but fails to inhibit the secretion of p-amminohippurate. The renal clearance of total platinum in mice treated with cisDDP did not exceed that of inulin; however, the clearance of platinum was reduced by cimetidine. These results suggest that the organic cation secretory system plays a role in the renal handling of cisDDP or its products. PMID- 6539650 TI - Identification of differential drug responses and mechanism(s) of resistance in vincristine-resistant cell lines developed either by exposure to the drug or to fractionated radiation. PMID- 6539651 TI - Studies on drug resistance in a human melanoma xenograft system. AB - Alkylating agents and their functional analogues belong to the most useful antineoplastic drugs in the treatment of disseminated malignant melanoma. In conjunction with an open clinical phase II trial evaluating the combination of cisplatin and ifosfamide, 17 melanoma xenograft lines were established from patients often refractory to dacarbazine (DTIC). These xenograft lines were exposed to cisplatin, dacarbazine, dibromodulcitol, ifosfamide, methyl-CCNU, mitomycin C, and malonato-diaminocyclohexane-platinum II (PHM) at the respective LD 10/30 doses. Growth delay values less than 2 corresponded in 26/27 instances with progressive disease, whereas values greater than 2 corresponded in only 10/13 instances with achievement of a no-change status or a partial remission of the donor patient's disease. Among the panel of DNA-damaging agents tested, cross resistance was incomplete. Some xenograft lines revealed unique chemosensitivity patterns in contrast to a uniform pattern of drug resistance in others (pleiotropic or multidrug resistance). The data confirm independently of results obtained in the phase II study that the combination of cisplatin and ifosfamide is effective against malignant melanoma refractory to dacarbazine. Suboptimal drug exposure, repeated up to 21 transplant generations, was employed to induce secondary resistance to either dacarbazine, melphalan or methyl-CCNU in a melanoma xenograft line originally quite sensitive to drug treatment. When the resistant sublines were exposed to the other agents, only partial cross resistance was observed. Tumour volume responses to treatment with dacarbazine correlated with persisting DNA damage assayed 24 h after in vivo drug exposure in a sensitive line and the absence of such lesions in a resistant line. PMID- 6539652 TI - Non-exponential growth by mammalian cells in culture. AB - The concept of exponential growth by mammalian cells in culture is based upon the apparent linearity of semilogarithmic data plots. This method of graphical analysis is known to be an unreliable test of the exponential hypothesis. We have re-examined the question of growth exponentiality using the more sensitive method of Smith plots, in which specific growth rate is plotted against either time or density on transformed graphical coordinates which linearize the mathematical expression of the growth hypothesis being tested. With exponential growth, data points fall on a horizontal straight line when specific growth rate is plotted against time or density. Using both our own and literature data, we have performed Smith plot analyses on the growth of 125 different mammalian and avian cell lines. Of these, only eleven exhibited an exponential phase. The remaining cell lines all had non-exponential growth patterns. The most common of these consisted of an initial period of growth acceleration followed by a later phase of deceleratory growth. A smaller number of lines exhibited deceleratory kinetics at all times after plating. We conclude that mammalian cell growth in culture is predominantly non-exponential, and that the apparent exponentiality of semilogarithmic data plots is usually a methodological artifact. PMID- 6539653 TI - Lateral mobility of plasma membrane lipids in Xenopus eggs: regional differences related to animal/vegetal polarity. PMID- 6539654 TI - Lateral mobility of plasma membrane lipids in a molluscan egg: evidence for an animal/vegetal polarity. PMID- 6539655 TI - Isolated metaphase chromosomes stabilized by DNA-intercalation or polyamine addition: a comparison. PMID- 6539656 TI - [Fetus in fetu: report of 2 cases and analysis of the literature]. AB - Foetus in foetu is a very unusual cause of abdominal mass in the infancy. Twenty cases only have been quoted in the literature. Two others cases are added, concerning two girls: a three months infant, second born from a genuine twin pregnancy, and a four weeks newborn whose the mass was discovered before the birth, on routine ultrasonography. In together, the diagnosis was made in operating room, then confirmed by pathologic studies. Literature data are recorded, and the difference between teratomas and foetus in foetu is point. The pathogeny remains obscure. It could result from the inclusion of a parasite twin in his bearer, become during embryologic stage of the delimitation. PMID- 6539658 TI - Thrombolysis, clot selectivity, and kinetics. PMID- 6539657 TI - Effect of thymidine on the toxicity and antitumor activity of cis diamminedichloroplatinum (II). AB - The effect of thymidine (TdR) on the preclinical toxicity of cis diamminedichloroplatinum (II) (DDP) was investigated in the BDF1 mouse and the Sprague-Dawley rat. The effect of TdR on the antitumor activity of DDP was investigated using the ascites P388 murine leukemia model. TdR at 500 mg/kg consistently decreased the recovery of body weight after DDP treatment IP, but did not affect the lethal toxicity of DDP to non-tumor-bearing mice or those with the P388 murine leukemia. This effect was greatest when TdR was injected 30 min prior to DDP and at higher doses of DDP. A 500-mg/kg dose of TdR did not affect the antitumor activity of DDP 5 mg/kg administered on days 1, 5, and 9. Treatment of rats with TdR 500 mg/kg according to various schedules of timing relative to a 5-mg/kg dose of DDP did not consistently affect the DDP-related loss in body weight or nephrotoxicity at day 3. Pretreatment of mice with TdR 1,500 mg/kg 30 min prior to DDP 5 mg/kg (every 4 days X 3) resulted in a slower recovery of body weight, which became more pronounced with increasing doses of DDP. Pretreatment of ascites P388-bearing mice with TdR 1,500 mg/kg increased the number of early deaths when mice were treated with DDP 5 mg/kg (days 1, 5, and 9). These data suggest that the cytotoxicity of DDP is increased by TdR only at higher doses of either drug, but that the antitumor activity against P388 murine leukemia is not affected. PMID- 6539659 TI - Familial Wolf's syndrome with a hidden 4p deletion by translocation of an 8p segment. Unbalanced inheritance from a maternal translocation (4;8)(p15.3;p22). Case report, review and risk estimates. AB - This is the case report of a patient with Wolf's syndrome having a monosomy 4pter ---p15.3 and an additional trisomy 8pter----p22, derived from a maternal balanced translocation t(4;8)(p15.3;p22) after 2:2 disjunction and adjacent-1 segregation. The patient's phenotype is presumably slightly modified by the trisomic 8p segment. Literature analyses indicate that phenotypic "hybrids" with traits of monosomy 4p and of other autosomal segment trisomies exist. The dermatoglyphics of the patient were not highly characteristic for Wolf's syndrome. Also the dermatoglyphics of the balanced translocation carriers were unspecific and did not reflect the carrier status. Pedigree analyses of 46 reported families with reciprocal translocations involving the short arm of chromosome 4 show a high risk (20.5% +/- 4.6%) for unbalanced offspring (trisomy or monosomy 4p) after 2:2 disjunction and adjacent-1 segregation, if the breakpoint in the recipient chromosome is terminal and the resulting imbalance concerns the 4p segment only. It is considerably lower (4.5% +/- 2.5%) if the breakpoint in the recipient chromosome is subterminal, as in the reported case, and the resulting imbalance concerns other chromosome segments additionally to the 4p segment. In both instances, the risk decreases with increasing segment length. The risk for unidentified abortions, stillbirths or neonatal deaths is also high in these families (about 40%). The frequency of progeny with balanced compared to progeny with normal karyotype corresponds to the expected 50% for alternate segregation. PMID- 6539660 TI - Cutaneous angiosarcoma of the face and scalp. PMID- 6539661 TI - Angiosarcoma of the breast. AB - We report a case of the rare angiosarcoma of the breast, illustrating the not infrequent error of making the initial incorrect diagnosis of benign haemangioma and the subsequent relentless progression of the lesion despite mastectomy, external beam and interstitial radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. PMID- 6539663 TI - The influence of transportation, proximity of adults and other stimuli on the age of onset of first puberty in the gilt. AB - Four series of experiments involving 44 animals were carried out to investigate the influence of transportation, proximity of sexually mature adults and other stimuli on the onset of puberty in the gilt. Transportation per se, either real or simulated, did not induce early puberty in the gilt. In contrast, the most effective stimulus was provided by accommodating the gilts in pens adjacent to mature breeding stock. Gilts housed in a sow yard exhibited oestrus when aged between 153 and 184 days, i.e. 4-6 weeks after the beginning of the experiment. This compares with 189 to 227 days, i.e. 9-12 weeks after the start of the experiment for those gilts not housed adjacent to adult stock. PMID- 6539662 TI - A Gemeprost vaginal suppository for cervical priming prior to termination of first trimester pregnancy. AB - A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre study was conducted to assess the efficacy and tolerance of a single 1.0 mg Gemeprost (16, 16 dimethyl-trans-delta 2PGE1 methyl ester) vaginal suppository for dilatation of the cervix uteri prior to vacuum aspiration termination of first trimester pregnancy in nulliparous women. The suppository was inserted three hours before vacuum aspiration. In the six centres involved, the preoperative cervical diameter was significantly greater in women treated with Gemeprost. Further mechanical dilatation was either unnecessary or significantly easier than in placebo-treated women. A significant reduction in operative blood loss was noted in the Gemeprost group. PMID- 6539664 TI - Vitamin A is present as retinol in the tears of humans and rabbits. AB - Vitamin A is required for the normal growth maintenance and maturation of the corneal epithelium and is effective in the treatment of xerophthalmia and experimental corneal epithelial wounds when applied topically as retinoic acid. The normal route of delivery of vitamin A to the cornea has remained undefined. We collected tears from normal and vitamin A deficient rabbits and from humans and analyzed them by high pressure liquid chromatography. A peak corresponding to a retinol standard was eluted from normal rabbit and human tears but was absent from the vitamin A deficient rabbit tears. The retinol concentration in rabbit tears was 69 ng/ml (0.2 X 10(-6)M) and in human tears was 16 ng/ml (0.5 X 10( 7)M). This demonstration that vitamin A is present in the tears as retinol establishes the rationale for treatment of corneal disease with topical vitamin A. PMID- 6539665 TI - An ultra-pure in vitro phase synchrony method employing centrifugal elutriation and viable flow cytometric cell sorting. AB - We present a method of synchronizing cells in G1-, S-, and G2M-phases employing sequential centrifugal elutriation and viable flow cytometric cell sorting of Hoechst-33342 stained Chinese hamster ovary cells. G1- and S-phase cells can be separated to greater than 99% homogeneity and G2-M to 70% purity. Most of the 30% contamination in the G2-M fraction was due to S-phase cells, whose reproductive integrity could be eliminated through the use of high specific activity 3H-TdR. There were minimal toxic effects or perturbations to growth following the selection procedures. The most significant limitation of this technique appears to be the rate of cell sorting, which, with current equipment, is approximately 3,000 cells per second. PMID- 6539666 TI - Repeated withdrawal from barbital as a drive for 'drug taking behavior' in rats. AB - Investigations were performed to determine whether the pharmacodynamic effect of barbital, the development of tolerance to or the physical dependence on the hypnotic are responsible for drug-taking behavior. Three groups of male rats, untreated, tolerant to and physically-dependent on barbital, were given free choice between 0.5% barbital solution and tap water. Drug-taking behavior was estimated according to specified criteria. Initially naive rats rejected an unsweetened barbital solution. Tolerant rats also refused the hypnotic, even after they had experienced abstinence symptoms only once. However, tolerant rats that repeatedly underwent withdrawal after an intake of more than 400 mg/kg/day of barbital did show drug taking behavior. Therefore, several experiences with pronounced abstinence symptoms seem to be necessary for initiating and sustaining barbital drug taking behavior in rats. PMID- 6539667 TI - Stress induced alteration of opiate withdrawal. PMID- 6539668 TI - 'Normal' haemostasis parameters: a study in a well-defined inborn population of preterm infants. AB - Coagulation studies were performed in a well-defined inborn population of preterm neonates in cord blood and arterial blood obtained at age 48 h. Eighty infants fulfilled all the inclusion criteria. Our results show an increase in the hepatic vitamin K1 dependent and independent factors with postnatal age. The APTT became shorter, the factor II-VII-X, alpha 2-antiplasmin, plasminogen activities and fibrinogen level rose with increasing postnatal age. We found no change in the platelet parameters measured with postnatal age except that the megathrombocyte index was increased at age 48 h in infants less than 29 weeks gestation. There was little change with gestational age of any factors except the vitamin K1 dependent factors. Factor II-VII-X activity rose and the APTT became shorter with increasing gestational age. Many of the haemostasis results did not fall within the normal adult range. We discuss the significance of 'abnormal' and 'normal' results in preterm infants. PMID- 6539669 TI - Effects of adrenalectomy with hormone replacement therapy on the presence of a sexual maturation-delaying chemosignal in the urine of grouped female mice. AB - When grouped, adult female mice excrete in their urine a chemosignal that delays sexual maturation of young females. This effect does not occur if the adult females have been adrenalectomized. In this report we test whether hormone replacement therapy affects the production and/or excretion of this chemosignal in adrenalectomized females. Injections of two glucocorticoids, corticosterone and hydrocortisone acetate, restored the delay chemosignal in excreted urine from grouped females. In subsequent dose-response experiments, we determined that daily injections of at least 125 micrograms corticosterone or 80 micrograms hydrocortisone acetate were needed to bring about the reappearance of the maturation-delaying substance in the urine of grouped adrenalectomized females. Injections of varying doses of a mineralcorticoid, deoxycorticosterone, did not produce restoration of the delay chemosignal in excreted urine from grouped females. Two additional tests revealed that injections of either glucocorticoid would restore the puberty-delaying activity to the bladder urine of both grouped and singly caged adrenalectomized females. PMID- 6539670 TI - Pulsatile secretion of luteinizing hormone during the menstrual cycle of rhesus macaques. AB - The secretion of LH, PRL, and cortisol was investigated in 4 sexually mature female rhesus macaques with cardiac catheters protected by tethers. Based on endocrine parameters, all 4 of the animals ovulated within 2 months from the time they were tethered, and regular menstrual cycles of 24-34 days were observed. The catheters remained patent for 6-12 months without reposition or repair. Plasma levels of 2 stress-labile hormones, PRL and cortisol, showed diurnal fluctuations comparable to those observed in untethered animals. The frequency of LH secretory episodes was determined by measuring bioactive LH in blood samples collected at 10-min intervals in the follicular phase and at 15-min intervals in the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. In 10 trials during the follicular phase, we estimated that an average of between 14 and 15 LH pulses occurred every 12 h. The interpulse interval ranged between 20-80 min and averaged 50 min. No change in pulse frequency was observed across the follicular phase. The number of LH pulses decreased after ovulation, and by the end of the luteal phase, the interpulse interval was 4-6 h. One example during the preovulatory LH surge revealed the high frequency, high amplitude nature of LH secretion at that time. Our experience indicates that tethered animals with cardiac catheters show no hormonal indications of stress and represent the best available model for studies requiring frequent and prolonged access to the vascular system. Our data suggest that peripheral LH fluctuations in rhesus monkeys, as in other mammals, are pulsatile, and the frequency of these pulsatile episodes changes with different phases of the menstrual cycle, presumedly in response to varying stimuli to the pituitary from the brain. PMID- 6539671 TI - Follicular growth and atresia during the last half of the luteal phase of the guinea pig estrous cycle: relation to serum progesterone and estradiol levels and utero-ovarian blood flow. AB - The relationships among follicular growth, changes in serum progesterone (P) and estradiol (E) levels, and utero-ovarian blood flow (OBF) through the guinea pig ovary were examined during days 7-16 of the luteal phase (day 0 = estrus) of the estrous cycle and during the subsequent ovulatory (proestrous-estrous) period. Follicles were classified as either viable or atretic based on strict criteria and grouped according to diameter. No changes in follicular growth were observed between days 7-9 of the cycle when serum P levels were elevated and OBF was at low rates. Between days 13-15 when serum P levels were low and both OBF and serum E levels were rising, there was a dramatic increase in the number of viable follicles present in all follicle classes. As the percentage of viable follicles increased, the number of atretic follicles in each size population decreased. Peaks in the number of large follicles (300-450 microns), OBF, and serum E levels were observed during the subsequent ovulatory period. These data suggest that as luteal activity declines during the last half of the estrous cycle, follicular recruitment and growth are stimulated. The concomitant elevations in OBF suggest a supportive role for this parameter in follicular development. In turn, the subsequent elevation in serum E levels serves as an index of follicular maturation. These data suggest that the elevated P levels during the luteal phase of the estrous cycle may either directly or indirectly, through the regulation of gonadotropin secretion, regulate follicular growth in the guinea pig. PMID- 6539672 TI - Sexual differences in the serotonergic control of prolactin and luteinizing hormone secretion in the rat. AB - The effects of serotonin on PRL and LH release were investigated in female and male rats under different experimental conditions. At a dose of 5 mg/kg ip, serotonin increased serum PRL titers in intact males and in females during diestrus and estrus; the levels attained in the male rats were much higher than in the females. At a lower dose (2.5 mg/kg) the PRL-releasing effect of serotonin was only evident in male rats. Thus, we chose this dose for the following experiments to investigate the apparent sexual difference. To evaluate the importance of the hormonal status characteristic of male and female in conditioning the serotonin effect, an experiment was performed in gonadectomized rats, untreated or treated with estradiol benzoate (EB), or testosterone propionate (TP). In the three hormonal conditions the sexual difference was maintained: serotonin released PRL in males and failed to do so in females. However, if males were castrated within 24 h of birth, and females androgenized by a single perinatal injection of TP, the sexual difference in adulthood were reversed; thus, androgenized females responded to serotonin and males castrated at birth failed to do so. These results suggest that a male differentiated brain is more sensitive to the PRL-releasing effect of serotonin, irrespective of the hormonal environment of the rat. On the other hand, serotonin increased serum LH in female rats in estrus and in adult ovariectomized rats treated with EB; but not in females in diestrus or in ovariectomized rats, treated with TP or untreated. Neither did it modify serum LH titers in male rats whether intact, orchidectomized, or orchidectomized plus steroids. However, if male rats were castrated a few hours after birth and then treated in adulthood with EB, serotonin effectively released LH. Thus, two components, estradiol and a feminine differentiated brain, may be necessary for the facilitatory action of serotonin on LH release. Since no sex differences were observed in the increase of serum serotonin after the injection of 2.5 mg/kg of the drug, it can be discounted that the differences described for the endocrine effect of the drug could be due to different levels of circulating indolamine achieved in male and female rats. Taken together, our results indicate that serotonergic control of anterior pituitary secretion is sexually differentiated and that it presents individual characteristics for PRL and LH release. PMID- 6539673 TI - Mixed hamartoma of the liver in an equine foetus. PMID- 6539674 TI - The primary mode of binding of cisplatin to a B-DNA dodecamer: C-G-C-G-A-A-T-T-C G-C-G. AB - When cisplatin [cis- diamminodichloroplatinum (II)] is diffused into pre-grown crystals of the B-DNA double-helical dodecamer C-G-C-G-A-A-T-T-C-G-C-G, it binds preferentially to the N7 positions of guanines, with what probably is an aquo bridge between Pt and the adjacent O6 atom of the same guanine. The entire guanine ring moves slightly toward the platinum site, into the major groove. Only three of the eight potential cisplatin binding sites on guanines actually are occupied, and this differential reactivity can be explained in terms of the relative freedom of motion of guanines toward the major groove. This shift of guanines upon ligation may weaken the glycosyl bond and assist in the depurination that leads to mismatch SOS repair and G.C. to T.A. transversion. PMID- 6539675 TI - Effect of anaerobic and aerobic exercise of equal duration and work expenditure on plasma growth hormone levels. AB - Growth hormone (GH) and lactic acid levels were measured in five normal males before, during and after two different types of exercise of nearly equal total duration and work expenditure. Exercise I (aerobic) consisted of continuous cycling at 100 W for 20 min. Exercise II (anaerobic) was intermittent cycling for one minute at 285 W followed by two minutes of rest, this cycle being repeated seven times. Significant differences (P less than 0.01) were observed in lactic acid levels at the end of exercise protocols (20 min) between the aerobic (I) and anaerobic (II) exercises (1.96 +/- 0.33 mM X 1(-1) vs 9.22 +/- 0.41 mM X 1(-1), respectively). GH levels were higher in anaerobic exercise (II) than in aerobic (I) at the end of the exercise (20 min) (2.65 +/- 0.95 micrograms X 1(-1) vs 0.8 +/- 0.4 micrograms X 1(-1); P less than 0.10) and into the recovery period (30 min) (7.25 +/- 6.20 micrograms X 1(-1) vs 2.5 +/- 2.9 micrograms X 1(-1); P less than 0.05, respectively). PMID- 6539677 TI - Muscle fibre type characteristics in endurance trained and untrained individuals. AB - The main fibre types of M. vastus lateralis of 10 trained or untrained male individuals (25-35 years) were quantitatively determined by morphological techniques; the fibre types being defined according to the M-band appearance. The volume density of mitochondria ( Vmit ) was higher in endurance-trained muscles. Vmit was higher in Type 1 than in Type 2 fibres, there being no difference between subtypes of Type 2 fibres. The volume density of lipid droplets ( Vli ) showed a wide range of values both with respect to degree of training and between fibre types. Z-band width was not influenced by endurance training, but was considerably larger in Type 1 than in Type 2 fibres. Discriminant analysis showed that 46% of the fibres, preclassified according to the M-band appearance, would have been correctly allocated on basis of the Vmit . The corresponding value for lipid droplets was 42% and for the Z-band width, 62%. It is concluded that Vmit is not a satisfactory criterion for discriminating between fibre types, especially between Type 2A and Type 2B in trained subjects. The study also shows that endurance training reduces the relative importance of individual-dependent factors in comparison with muscle fibre properties when concerning Vmit . PMID- 6539676 TI - Median frequency of the myoelectric signal. Effects of muscle ischemia and cooling. AB - A study was performed to investigate the changes that occur in the median frequency of the myoelectric signal during local ischemia or reduction of intramuscular temperature produced by surface cooling. Data was obtained from experiments which involved the first dorsal interosseous muscle of 10 female and 16 male subjects. These subjects were asked to perform isometric constant-force abduction contractions of the index finger at 20% and 80% of maximal voluntary contraction level. The initial median frequency (IMF) of the myoelectric signal during the first 0.5 s of contraction was calculated. Results showed a significant reduction of the IMF in contractions performed under ischemic conditions; upon release, the IMF recovered quickly. At 80% maximal voluntary level of contraction, a greater decrease of the IMF was recorded. Similar results were demonstrated during reduction of intramuscular temperature with gradual recovery of the IMF after cooling. These results demonstrate that the median frequency of the myoelectric signal displays behavior similar to that reported for conduction velocity and this is consistent with the notion that accumulation of metabolic byproducts in muscle tissue causes a decrease in the conduction velocity of the muscle fibers. PMID- 6539678 TI - Erythrocyte count and hemoglobin levels in diabetic women. AB - Fasting blood glucose, erythrocyte counts hemoglobin levels of 131 Libyan diabetic women of Tripoli , Libya were determined. The respective mean values were 223 +/- 7 mg X dl-1, 4.97 +/- 0.034 X 10(6) X mm-3 and 14.4 +/- 0.127 g X dl 1. Sixty-five percent of these diabetic women were obese. The highest percent of diabetics belong to the age group 46-55 years. The increase in prevalence of diabetes correlates with an increase in obesity. A significant positive correlation was found between body surface area and fasting blood glucose levels (r = 0.65; P less than 0.001). Elevated levels of erythrocyte count and hemoglobin were present in these diabetic patients. Significant correlations were found between body surface area and erythrocyte count, as well as between fasting blood glucose levels and erythrocyte count, indicating the effect of obesity and diabetes on erythrocyte numbers. A significant correlation was found between fasting blood glucose levels and hemoglobin (r = 0.35; P less than 0.001). The elevated levels of hemoglobin present in these patients may be the result of haemoconcentration due to polyuria, which is always present in poorly controlled diabetic patients. The results suggest a close relationship between diabetes and obesity. Regulation of body weight/surface area is an important factor in the control of diabetes. The elevated levels of erythrocyte count and hemoglobin reflect poor control of blood glucose levels in these diabetic patients. PMID- 6539679 TI - Relationship between systolic time intervals and heart rate during four circulatory stress tests. AB - The linear regression equations between heart rate and systolic time intervals were calculated before and during a handgrip test, an orthostatic test, the Valsalva test and a cold pressor test. The subjects were 30 healthy men, average age 20 years. During the 1st min of orthostasis the regression line of the left ventricular ejection time (LVET) was significantly (P less than 0.05) steeper than at rest and that of the pre-ejection period (PEP) was significantly (P less than 0.01) less steep than at rest, and the regression between HR and the PEP/LVET ratio deviated significantly (P less than 0.001) from zero. During the Valsalva maneuver, the regression line of the LVET became significantly (P less than 0.001) steeper than at rest and the regression coefficient of the PEP changed from negative to positive, the difference being significant (P less than 0.001); the regression between HR and the PEP/LVET also deviated significantly (P less than 0.001) from zero. During the cold pressor test the regression line of the electromechanic systole (Q-S2 time) was significantly (P less than 0.01) less steep than at rest. It was concluded that the use of regression equations calculated for the systolic time intervals and heart rate at rest can lead to errors when applied to rate correction of systolic time intervals during an orthostatic, Valsalva, or a cold pressor test. PMID- 6539680 TI - Phosphagens and glycogen content in skeletal muscle after treadmill training in young and old rats. AB - The concentration of creatine phosphate (CrP), ATP, ADP, AMP and glycogen were measured in extensor digitorum longus (EDL) and in quadriceps muscles of 3, 6, 24, and 27 months old male Wistar rats groups. Young (3 months) and old (24 months) rats were trained for 12 weeks, 3 days a week, with running exercise session. Each training session was of 2 h. In sedentary groups and for both muscles, CrP, ATP, ADP, and glycogen contents decrease with aging (between 6 and 27 months). In spite of an AMP increase, total adenosine nucleotides (TAN) decrease significantly between 6-27 months (P less than 0.01) from 6.11 to 5.11 (EDL) and from 5.59 to 4.65 (quadriceps) mumol X g-1 wet weight muscle. After 12 weeks of physical training, the mean values of CrP, TAN, and glycogen were improved in both young and old rat groups. Moreover, the ATP/ADP ratios and the energy charge of the adenylate system were unrelated to age, but training decreases significantly the mean value of energy charge in both young and old groups. These results suggest that, as far as energy-rich phosphagen metabolism is concerned young and old muscles show the same pattern response to training. PMID- 6539681 TI - Plasma LDH and CK activities after 400 m sprinting by well-trained sprint runners. AB - Blood lactate concentration and the activities of plasma LDH and CK were determined in 13 well-trained middle distance runners after a 400-m sprint. It was found that there is a significant relationship between mean velocity in the 400-m sprint and plasma CK activity (r = -0.56, P less than 0.05), but the mean sprint velocity did not correlate with peak blood lactate concentration (r = 0.09) or plasma LDH activity (r = -0.40). There was a significant negative correlation between mean sprint velocity and H type LDH isozyme activity (r = 0.66, P less than 0.05), and a significant positive correlation with M type LDH isozyme activity (r = 0.66, P less than 0.05). These results suggest that the magnitude of enzyme efflux from tissue into blood may be depressed by training, and that in well-trained sprinters plasma CK and LDH isozyme activities may be better indicators of physical training and/or physical performance than peak blood lactate or plasma LDH activities. PMID- 6539682 TI - Metabolic effects of testosterone during prolonged physical exercise and fasting. AB - Previous studies have shown a decrease in plasma testosterone during prolonged physical exercise and 72 h fasting in rats. To determine whether this hormonal change has an influence upon energy metabolism, two experiments were carried out, in which the plasma levels of testosterone were elevated during prolonged physical exercise and fasting in male wistar rats. The effects of acute and chronic increases in the levels of circulating testosterone were studied, on the one hand after human chorionic gonadotropin (H.C.G.) injection, and on the other by prolonged testosterone perfusion with an osmotic minipump. Blood and tissue sampling were performed to evaluate blood glucose, alanine, and lactate, and tissue glycogen. The results in fed and rest control rats showed no changes in blood parameters under the effect of hypertestosteronemia but there was an increase in muscle glycogen after testosterone perfusion. In 72 h fasted rats both types of hypertestosteronemia were associated with a decrease in blood alanine and lactate ranging from 25% to 35%. Only testosterone perfusion was associated with higher concentrations of muscle glycogen. After 7 h of treadmill running, testosterone perfusion and H.C.G. injection induced a 35% decrease in blood alanine and a slight decrease in blood glucose, with no change in other parameters. Whereas an elevation in the level of testosterone can induce muscle glycogen compensation in the fed resting state, it cannot counteract the exhaustion of muscle glycogen during running. PMID- 6539683 TI - Effects on cochlear microphonics in guinea pigs induced by prolonged exposure to low-frequency sound. AB - The effects on CM induced by 46.5 h exposure to low-frequency sound of 0.125 kHz at 115 dB (SPL) and 100 dB (SPL), which frequency is considered to be in the vicinity of the lowest limit of audiofrequency for guinea pigs, were investigated by the sound pressure levels at which CM output voltages produced 50 microV (50 microV isopotential responses) at test frequencies of 0.06, 0.08, 0.12, 0.18, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 kHz, and by the intensity function measured from 65 to 120 dB (SPL) at test frequencies of 0.06, 0.08, 0.12, 0.18, 0.25, 0.5, 1, and 2 kHz. The results obtained were as follows. In 50 microV isopotential responses measured at about 30 min after the termination of sound exposure, the mean dB in the 115 dB-exposed group tended to elevate at all test frequencies of 0.06 kHz to 4 kHz as compared with those in the control group. Significant dB elevations were especially observed at 0.06, 0.12, 1, 2, and 4 kHz. In the 100 dB-exposed group, however, no significant dB elevations were observed at any test frequencies as compared with those in the control group. In the intensity function measured at about 40-60 min after the termination of sound exposure, the mean output voltages in the 115 dB-exposed group induced by test stimuli of 0.18 kHz-2 kHz at higher intensities showed significant depression in comparison with those in the control group (by over 110 dB at 0.18 and 0.25 kHz, and by over 90 dB at 1 and 2 kHz).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6539684 TI - Muscle strength and functional capacity in 78-81-year-old men and women. AB - Muscle strength was measured in 23 men and 29 women regarded as representative of the healthy urban population of about 80 years of age. Isometric and isokinetic strengths of right knee-extension, plantar, and dorsal flexion, and the isometric strength of some upper extremity functions were measured. For knee-extension there was a decrease in strength of about 30% from the values in a population study of 70-year-old subjects ( Aniansson et al. 1980). Muscle strength was significantly lower in women than in men in all muscle groups except for plantar and dorsal flexion of the foot. Body cell mass was reduced compared to younger age groups by about the same extent as muscle strength, and correlated to knee extension and hand grip strengths. Functional examinations such as step tests and walking tests were performed. A correlation between the results of these tests and muscle strength was not found except for knee-extension at 60 degrees/s in men. The rather low speed in comfortable walking (men 1.0 m X s-1, women 0.9 m X s-1) and the reduced capacity for step climbing diminish the possibility of using public transport and pedestrian street intersections in relatively healthy old people. PMID- 6539685 TI - Effects of previous exercise on the ventilatory determination of the aerobic threshold. AB - To study the effects of previous submaximal exercise on the ventilatory determination of the Aerobic Threshold (AeT), 16 men were subjected to three maximal exercise tests (standard test = ST, retest = RT, and test with previous exercise = TPE ) on a cycle ergometer. The protocol for the three tests consisted of 3 min pedalling against 25 W, followed by increments of 25 W every minute until volitional fatigue. TPE was preceded by 10 min cycling at a power output corresponding to the AeT as determined in ST, followed by a recovery period pedalling against 25 W until VO2 returned to values consistent with the initial VO2 response to 25 W. AeT was determined from the gas exchange curves (ventilatory equivalent for O2, fraction of expired O2, excess of VCO2, ventilation, and respiratory gas exchange ratio) printed every 30 s. The results showed good ST X RT reliability (r = 0.89). TPE showed significantly higher AeT values (2.548 +/- 0.44 1 X min-1) when compared with ST (2.049 +/- 0.331 X min-1) and RT (2.083 +/- 0.30 1 X min-1). There were no significant differences for the sub-threshold respiratory gas exchange ratios among the trials. The sub-threshold VO2 response showed significantly higher values for TPE at power outputs above 50 W. It was concluded that the performance of previous exercise can increase the value for the ventilatory determination of the AeT due to a faster sub-threshold VO2 response. PMID- 6539686 TI - Respiratory frequency and the oxygen cost of exercise. AB - Although many studies indicate that the spontaneous breathing frequency minimizes breathing work, the consequences of this for exercise energetics have never been investigated. To see if the spontaneous exercise breathing frequency minimizes oxygen uptake, we compared VO2 during treadmill walking (2/3 VO2 max) at several alternative frequencies. The alternative frequencies ranged from the lowest sustainable to a frequency twice the spontaneous value. All eight subjects adjusted tidal volume to comfort. Exercise oxygen uptake was constant, independent of breathing frequency. At the same time, minute ventilation rose to be 65% greater at the highest frequency than at the lowest (P less than 0.01). We then reproduced the various exercise frequencies, tidal volumes, and ventilations during seated isocapnic hyperpnea to measure VO2 with locomotory muscles at rest. Once again, oxygen uptake was constant, independent of breathing frequency. We conclude that the spontaneous exercise breathing frequency fails to minimize VO2 during either exercise or resting reproduction of exercise ventilation. PMID- 6539687 TI - Comment on "An analysis of world records in three types of locomotion". AB - A recent paper in this journal has analysed world records in three types of locomotion, making extensive use of mathematical and statistical techniques. There are a number of methodological flaws in much of the authors' use of these techniques. Some of these are fundamental and others are less serious. This paper draws the attention of readers of this journal to these flaws, with comment and suggestions. This is done in the hope that researchers using mathematical and statistical techniques will be made more aware of limitations to their methodology. PMID- 6539688 TI - Circannual rhythm of exercise metabolic rate in humans. AB - Exercise metabolic rate was established by indirect calorimetry in 18 healthy subjects. Each subject was tested every month for 1 year. Four variables demonstrated a circannual rhythm and its acrophases occurred in the following months: RQ in October; exercise metabolic rate in April; acceleration of heart rate during exercise in February; percentage of body fat in August. PMID- 6539689 TI - Effect of high intensity interval training on 2,3-diphosphoglycerate at rest and after maximal exercise. AB - The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of intense interval training on erythrocyte 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG) levels at rest and after maximal exercise. Eight normal men, mean +/- SE = 24.2 +/- 4.3 years, trained 4 days X week-1 for a period of 8 weeks. Each training session consisted of eight maximal 30-s rides on a cycle ergometer, with 4 min active rest between rides . Prior to and after training the subjects performed a maximal 45-s ride on an isokinetic cycle ergometer at 90 rev X min-1 and a graded leg exercise test ( GLET ) to exhaustion on a cycle ergometer. Blood samples were obtained from an antecubital vein before, during and after the GLET only. Training elicited significant increases in the amount of work done during the 45-s ride (P less than 0.05), and also in maximal oxygen uptake (VO2 max: Pre = 4.01 +/- 0.13; Post = 4.29 +/- 0.07 1 X min-1; P less than 0.05) during exercise and total recovery VO2 (Pre = 19.14 +/- 0.09; Post = 21.45 +/- 0.10 1 X 30 min-1; P less than 0.05) after the GLET . After training blood lactate was higher, base excess lower and pH lower during and following the GLET (P less than 0.05 for all variables).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6539690 TI - Some simple multiple linear regression equations for estimation of maximal aerobic power in healthy Indian males. AB - An attempt has been made to evolve some simple multiple linear regression equations for the prediction of VO2 max from body weight, time for 3.2 km run and exercise dyspnoeic index ( DIstd Ex%). The predictor variables have been selected by examining the product moment correlations of body weight, relative body weight indices, time for 3.2 km run, chest expansion, height, and DIstd Ex% with VO2 max, based on data collected on 320 healthy Indian males (17-22 years). It has been observed that body weight, time for 3.2 km run and DIstd Ex% attained maximum correlations with VO2 max. Thus, two regression equations with two and three predictor variables have been established in this paper to predict VO2 max. The first regression equation yielded a multiple correlation of 0.608 (P less than 0.001) with a standard error of 0.214 1 X min-1. In this equation, body weight and time for 3.2 km run were considered as significant predictors. To increase the precision of this equation, another multiple linear regression equation based on body weight, time for 3.2 km run and DIstd Ex% as predictors has been developed. This equation yielded a multiple correlation of 0.658 (P less than 0.001) with a standard error of 0.204 1 X min-1. Applications of these regression equations will be of practical importance to biomedical scientists engaged in the development of a simple procedure for indirect assessment of VO2 max, and may serve well as preliminary screening procedures for personnel selection. PMID- 6539691 TI - Cardiorespiratory effects of respiratory protective devices during exercise in well-trained men. AB - The effects of a filtering device, an air-line breathing apparatus and a self contained breathing apparatus ( SCBA ) on pulmonary ventilation, oxygen consumption and heart rate were studied in 12 well-trained firemen aged 21-35 years. Their average maximal oxygen consumption (VO2 max) was 64.9 ml X min-1 X kg-1. Sequential tests without and with the respirator were performed on a treadmill. The continuous test contained five components, each of which lasted 5 min: sitting at rest, walking at 20%, 40%, and 60% of the individual VO2 max, and recovery sitting. During the higher submaximal work levels and recovery, ventilation, heart rate, and oxygen consumption in particular increased more with respirators than without them. At the highest work level the increments in oxygen consumption caused by the respirators were 13%, (8.7 ml X min-1 X kg-1), 7% (4.4 ml X min-1 X kg-1), and 20% (12.7 ml X min-1 X kg-1) of VO2 max. All three respirators hampered respiration, resulting in hypoventilation. The additional effort of breathing and the weight of the apparatus (15 kg with the SCBA ) increased the subjects' cardiorespiratory strain so clearly that the need for rest periods and the individual's work capacity when the respirators are worn must be carefully considered, particularly with the SCBA . PMID- 6539692 TI - Muscle and liver glycogen, protein, and triglyceride in the rat. Effect of exercise and of the sympatho-adrenal system. AB - We have previously found that during exercise net muscle glycogen breakdown is impaired in adrenodemedullated rats, as compared with controls. The present study was carried out to elucidate whether, in rats with deficiencies of the sympatho adrenal system, diminished exercise-induced glycogenolysis in skeletal muscle was accompanied by increased breakdown of triglyceride and/or protein. Thus, the effect of exhausting swimming and of running on concentrations of glycogen, protein, and triglyceride in skeletal muscle and liver were studied in rats with and without deficiencies of the sympatho-adrenal system. In control rats, both swimming and running decreased the concentration of glycogen in fast-twitch red and slow-twitch red muscle whereas concentrations of protein and triglyceride did not decrease. In the liver, swimming depleted glycogen stores but protein and triglyceride concentrations did not decrease. In exercising rats, muscle glycogen breakdown was impaired by adrenodemedullation and restored by infusion of epinephrine. However, impaired glycogen breakdown during exercise was not accompanied by a significant net breakdown of protein or triglyceride. Surgical sympathectomy of the muscles did not influence muscle substrate concentrations. The results indicate that when glycogenolysis in exercising muscle is impeded by adrenodemedullation no compensatory increase in breakdown of triglyceride and protein in muscle or liver takes place. Thus, indirect evidence suggests that, in exercising adrenodemedullated rats, fatty acids from adipose tissue were burnt instead of muscle glycogen. PMID- 6539693 TI - Effects of external loading on short term power output in children and young male adults. AB - The effects of external loading, in the form of small weights distributed evenly over the limbs and torso, on physical performance and power output have been studied during vertical jumping in 10 children and four young adults and the results compared with maximal cycling. The results show under control (unloaded) conditions the absolute peak power output (W) achieved by children and adults was 572 W (45%) and 765 W (25%) respectively higher in cycling than jumping. The addition of weights during jumping served only to increase this difference. External loading produced a linear decrease of W in both groups of subjects. The reduction in W was entirely due to a decrease of take-off velocity (VT). The relationship between VT and added weights (delta wt) could be described by the equations: VT (ms-1) = 1.91 - 0.042 delta wt (kg); r = -0.96 (children); VT (ms 1) = 2.49 - 0.021 delta wt (kg); r = -0.99 (adults). Thus, contrary to the recent work of Caiozzo and Kyle (1980) which involved stair-climbing, body size and speed of movement in children and young adults would appear to be optimally matched for the production of lifting work during vertical jumping. External loading reduces the generation of power output immediately prior to take-off of a maximal jump from a force platform. PMID- 6539694 TI - [Observation of filaments of 10nm in the demembraned cytoplasm of Amoeba proteus]. AB - We report here the first observation of 10 nm filaments in a protozoan, Amoeba proteus. These intermediate sized filaments were observed in spread cytoplasmic preparations of amoeba as stable cytoplasmic components over a wide range of pH (5.0-9.0). Although their morphology is grossly similar to the vertebrate intermediate filaments by negative staining, the filaments of amoeba show a characteristic helical structure with a 25 nm axial periodicity and do not display fibrillar projection along their length or at their extremity. PMID- 6539695 TI - Cytoskeleton of mouse embryo fibroblasts. Electron microscopy of platinum replicas. AB - We have studied the distribution of cytoskeletal elements in detergent-extracted mouse embryo fibroblasts using the platinum replica technique. It was shown that lamelloplasm can be subdivided into three zones: 1) the ruffle edge with dense microfilament meshwork; 2) the sparse zone adjacent to the ruffle edge and containing relatively few cytoskeletal elements; 3) the lamella proper occupied with a three-dimensional network of microfilaments, microtubules, intermediate filaments; this zone contained adhesion plaques corresponding to cell-substrate focal contacts and associated with the microfilament bundle ends. The cytoskeleton structure of the central (endoplasm) region of the cell was markedly different from that of the lamelloplasm. Its main feature was a dense microfilament sheath at the dorsal cell surface. Sites of microfilament bundle convergence can be visualized near the nucleus after partial removal of the sheath by more complete detergent extraction. PMID- 6539696 TI - Primary restrictive foramen ovale. AB - A newborn infant with primary restrictive foramen ovale, tubular hypoplasia of the aortic arch, and some other developmental defects is described. This combination resulted in fetal hydrops, as was shown by ultrasonography. The child died 24 h after birth due to low output syndrome and extensive bronchopneumonia. The pathogenesis of this clinical entity is discussed. PMID- 6539697 TI - Corynebacterium parvum toxicity in patients with limited and advanced malignancy. AB - The toxicity of intravenously administered Corynebacterium parvum was observed in 14 patients with stage II melanoma and in 14 patients with advanced ovarian carcinoma. Those with melanoma were rendered disease-free by surgery prior to treatment. The ovarian cancer patients had failed chemotherapy with alkylating agents and were receiving C. parvum prior to chemotherapy as part of an immunochemotherapy trial. Both clinical and laboratory parameters were observed. The mean daily C. parvum dose for melanoma patients was 2.03 mg/m2 and for ovarian carcinoma patients 2.02 mg/m2. The most important clinical toxic effects noted were fever, chills, blood pressure changes, headache, nausea, vomiting and diaphoresis. Laboratory toxicity was mild, with small decreases in hemoglobin levels, white blood cell counts and uric acid and albumin concentrations occurring in some patients. Serum bilirubin and SGOT levels tended to rise. In addition to determining the frequency of clinical toxic effects by treatment course, consideration was also given to frequency per treatment day, correlation of the occurrence of different toxicities in the same patient, time of onset of each toxicity and, for vital signs, to intensity of change and duration. In this analysis no major differences in toxicity were observed when C. parvum was given to the two patient groups. PMID- 6539698 TI - Human tumour pH changes following hyperthermia and radiation therapy. AB - Measurement of human tumour pH was performed during treatment with whole-body hyperthermia (WBHT) at 41.8 degrees C, and prior to and following a series of combined local hyperthermia (LHT) and radiotherapy treatments. During WBHT no changes were seen in the 11 tumour measurements performed during heating, 'plateau' and cooling phases of treatment. Tumour pH rose significantly in 24 tumours in which paired determinations were performed prior to and following local therapy (mean rise, 0.23 pH units), while the 11 subcutaneous controls, measured in a non-treated area, remained unchanged. The lack of change in tumour pH during WBHT is probably related to the moderate treatment temperature (42 degrees C or less), whereas the rise seen following local therapy is probably the result of changes in tissue oxygenation and blood flow following therapy. These changes may have implications to the treatment of malignant disease. PMID- 6539699 TI - Serum haptoglobin and alpha 1-acid glycoprotein as indicators of the effectiveness of cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (CDDP) in ovarian cancer patients- a preliminary report. AB - Twenty-one patients with adenocarcinoma of the ovary were given a maximum of five courses of CDDP by i.v. infusion every 4 weeks. With one exception, the serum levels of both haptoglobin and alpha 1-acid glycoprotein correlate with tumour burden before therapy and at follow-up. It is suggested that a more accurate assessment of the effectiveness of CDDP therapy may be obtained by estimating these serum proteins before each infusion than by an abdominal examination. PMID- 6539700 TI - Welding and cancer of the larynx: a case-control study. AB - The purpose of the study was to examine the occupational history of laryngeal cancer patients, and especially their exposure to welding. The investigation was conducted as a case-control study where all newly diagnosed patients less than 75 yr of age with cancer of the larynx in Denmark during March 1980 to March 1982 were selected as cases. For each case, four age- and sex-matched controls were identified from the municipal person register in which the case was listed. Data were collected partly by means of questionnaires and partly by abstracting information from the medical records of cases. Workers exposed to welding fumes had a slightly increased risk of cancer of the larynx, most predominantly of cancer of the subglottic area. PMID- 6539701 TI - Phase I evaluation of SOAz (1,3,3,5,5 pentakis(aziridino)-1 lambda 6, 2,4,6,3 lambda 5, 5 lambda 5 thiatriaza-diphosphorine-1-oxide) in a weekly schedule. AB - Eleven patients with advanced cancer were treated with SOAz, the first aziridino substituted inorganic heterocyclic compound to undergo phase I clinical trials. The agent was administered as a rapid i.v. infusion once a week in a dose of 50, 75 or 100 mg/m2. Severe myelotoxicity, which was prolonged and delayed in onset, precluded continuing treatment for more than three courses in 9 of 11 patients. In two patients thrombocytopenia showed no signs of recovery 9 and 11 weeks after the last infusion. Two minor responses were noted and there was one therapy related death. Because of severe myelotoxicity, which is cumulative and may be irreversible, this treatment schedule seems unsuitable for phase II studies. PMID- 6539702 TI - Evaluation of serum fucosyltransferases in malignancy. AB - Incorporation of [14C]-fucose into the endogenous acceptor of serum and into the exogenous acceptors desialofetuin (alpha 2-fucosyltransferase) and desialodegalactofetuin (alpha 3-fucosyltransferase) was determined in controls and in patients with various malignant diseases. Seventy-five percent of untreated cancer patients showed increased incorporation rates into the endogenous acceptor of serum. Increased rates of alpha 2-fucosyltransferase activity were observed in 67% and of alpha 3-fucosyltransferase activity in 49% of patients respectively. After successful chemotherapy a fall of fucosyltransferase activities could be observed and in non-responding patients an increase of fucosyltransferase activities during and after therapy was found. Determination of fucosyltransferase activities might provide an additional biological marker in monitoring cancer patients. PMID- 6539703 TI - Discrimination between human melanoma cell lines by fluorescence anisotropy. AB - The fluorescence polarization of diphenylhexatriene (DPH) and trimethylammonium diphenylhexatriene (TMA-DPH) was measured when these markers were imbedded in cells of the human melanoma cell lines IGR37, IGR39, IGR3 and IGR4, as well as in cells of the mouse melanoma cell lines B16F1 and B16 F10. These measurements were performed on cell cultures which were grown on quartz plates as well as on cell suspensions. Considerable differences are found between the polarization values of the human cell lines that are related to their different origins. Differences for the plated cells are considerably greater than those for the suspensions. No differences in the polarization values were found for the two mouse melanoma lines. It is concluded that differences in lipid structural order can be found between cell types endowed with different metastasizing capabilities. PMID- 6539704 TI - Inhibition of tumor development in the regenerating rat urinary bladder stimulated to proliferate by cyclophosphamide. AB - The present study deals with the effect of stimulation of urothelial proliferation on experimental bladder carcinogenesis. To induce proliferative activity of the bladder mucosa cyclophosphamide (cp) was intraperitoneally administered to rats in a single dose (100 mg/kg). N-Butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl) nitrosamine (BBN) was used as carcinogen and administered by gavage in 3 fractionated doses when proliferation of the urothelium was highest at 28 and 40 hr as well as 7 days following the injection of cp. Contrary to our original working hypothesis, tumor development proved to be inhibited in the bladder following initial stimulation of urothelial proliferation by cp. After administration of a low total dose of BBN (300 mg/kg) and an experimental period of 6 and 12 months none of the rats pretreated with cp developed a tumor in the regenerating bladder, whereas solitary transitional cell papillomas were observed in 6.7% of the control animals with a quiescent bladder. Following administration of BBN at a high total dose (1.300 mg/kg) and an induction time of 4, 6 and 12 months papillomas and non-invasive papillary transitional cell carcinomas occurred in only 21.6% of the rats initially receiving cp but in 48.1% of the control animals without stimulation of urothelial proliferation by cp. After treatment with BBN alone there was a far larger number of rats with multiple tumors in the quiescent bladder. The reduction in the incidence of tumors following administration of cp is not attributable to a prolongation of the latency period or induction time. It is an open question which mechanisms are responsible for the observed inhibition of experimental bladder carcinogenesis. An increased DNA repair induced synchronously with the stimulated replicative de novo DNA synthesis or a decreased activity of urothelial enzymes metabolizing BBN to its ultimate carcinogen are proposed as the most likely explanations. PMID- 6539705 TI - Estrogen treatment increases the oral component of apomorphine-induced stereotypy. AB - Twelve weeks after surgery, sham operated intact and ovariectomized (OVX) female rats were treated for 3 days with either estradiol benzoate (50 micrograms/kg per day) or the oil vehicle. They were then tested for apomorphine-induced stereotypy 24 or 72 h after the last steroid injection. The data was collected and analysed in terms of both stereotypy ratings and individual behavioural responses. Estradiol, in those animals tested 72 h after estrogen, increased the frequency of oral behaviour in intact and in OVX groups. One possible explanation for the results is that estradiol may exert an anti-dopaminergic effect in the nigrostriatal system. PMID- 6539706 TI - Effect of cyclo-leucyl-glycine in the rat yeast-paw test. AB - Cyclo-leucyl-glycine (CLG) was tested for its ability to produce an antinociceptive effect in the rat yeast-paw test under conditions in which Z prolyl-(L)leucine (ZPLL) was effective. CLG at doses from 0.1 to 200 mg/kg p.o. given once per day for three days failed to produce an analgesic effect; at 300 mg/kg per day p.o., CLG produced a slight increase in response latencies (less than 1 s). ZPLL (5 mg/kg per day p.o.) tested similarly in the same experiment produced a strong analgesia (greater than 10 s increase in response latencies). Since CLG and ZPLL have both been shown to inhibit opioid tolerance/dependence, whereas only ZPLL has been demonstrated to produce analgesia, it appears as if the mechanisms underlying these two effects are different. PMID- 6539707 TI - Pertussis toxin blocks the action of morphine, norepinephrine and clonidine on isolated guinea-pig ileum. AB - Administration of pertussis toxin (60 micrograms/kg i.p.) to guinea-pigs blocked the ability of morphine, norepinephrine and clonidine to inhibit electrically stimulated contractions in the isolated ileum. The toxin reached its maximum effect 6 days after its administration. The effect of the toxin was reversible; a slow but full recovery of the response to morphine was observed in ilea from guinea-pigs treated with toxin 18 days before the experiment. It is suggested, based on the known action of pertussis toxin, that inhibition of adenylate cyclase through Ni (guanine-nucleotide regulatory protein) is involved in the acute action of morphine, norepinephrine and clonidine in the motoneurons of the myenteric plexus of the ileum. PMID- 6539708 TI - The effect of fasting on the stereotyped behaviour induced by amphetamine and by apomorphine in the albino rat. AB - Fasting increases the synthesis and metabolism of cerebral 5-hydroxytryptamine and modifies dopamine turnover in the striatum. We studied the effect of a 24 h fast on the motor hyperactivity induced by amphetamine or by apomorphine. Locomotion was evaluated in photocell cages and stereotypy by direct observation and the use of rating scales. Amphetamine, 2.0 mg/kg, induced and increase in locomotion with a maximum between 20 and 30 min of its injection. After 40 min there was a decay in the amphetamine effect but the reduction was significantly smaller in the fasted than in the fed rats. Haloperidol, 0.025 mg/kg, abolished the decay of the amphetamine effect mentioned above and also eliminated the difference between fasted and fed rats. The stereotypy effect of amphetamine was of similar intensity in both groups during the first 30 min after the injection. After 40 min however, fasted rats developed a less intense stereotypy effect than did fed rats. Haloperidol induced a pronounced reduction of stereotypy in both groups and abolished the difference between fasted and fed rats. The stereotypy effect of apomorphine was unaffected by fasting. We suggest that food deprivation reduces the stereotypy effect of amphetamine by acting at a presynaptic dopaminergic level in the striatum. PMID- 6539709 TI - Karyophobic proteins. A category of abundant soluble proteins which accumulate in the cytoplasm. AB - The cytoplasm of oocytes of Xenopus laevis is enriched in several soluble proteins which are either absent from the nucleus or are present there at very low concentrations. These molecules, collectively referred to as karyophobic (from the Greek verbs and which are meant here in the sense of "to be afraid of" or "to avoid") proteins represent more than 20% of the total soluble cytoplasmic proteins and include some of the most abundant soluble cellular components. They may be recovered from high-speed supernatant (S-100) fractions and, following sucrose gradient centrifugation, most of them appear in the form of complexes smaller than 8.5 S. On denaturation in urea and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis these proteins appear to be comprised of polypeptides of widely different sizes (ca Mr 15 000-230 000) and isoelectric points covering a broad range of pH values (4.2-8.0). Gel filtration and isoelectric focusing of native karyophobic proteins show that the majority occur in acidic complexes smaller than Mr 150 000, including one case of a small karyophobic protein (C9; Mr 30 000). In contrast to karyophilic proteins and proteins equilibrating between nucleus and cytoplasm karyophobic soluble proteins from [35S]methionine-labelled ooplasms, when injected into unlabelled oocytes, remain in the cytoplasm. Human proteins with a similar karyophobic behaviour have been identified in fractions of soluble proteins from HeLa cells; there, the major karyophobic protein (HCa Mr 36 000) is also one of the most abundant soluble proteins. We conclude that the specific nucleocytoplasmic compartmentalization of soluble proteins is governed not only by the principles of exclusion of large molecules from nuclear uptake and the existence of karyophilic signals in certain proteins but that a series of soluble, globular proteins exist in the cytoplasm, which have other molecular features which selectively exclude them from distribution over the nucleus. The possible functional role of the selective enrichment of these abundant proteins, which so far have escaped attention, in establishing a cytoplasmic milieu is discussed. PMID- 6539710 TI - Identification and localization of a novel nucleolar protein of high molecular weight by a monoclonal antibody. AB - A monoclonal murine antibody (No-114) is described which reacts specifically with a polypeptide of molecular weight (Mr) 180 000 present in low-speed nuclear pellets from oocytes and somatic cells of Xenopus laevis and X. borealis and in isolated amplified nucleoli. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis has revealed the acidic nature of this polypeptide (isoelectric at pH of ca 4.2 in the presence of 9.5 M urea). A relatively large proportion of the protein is extracted at elevated ionic strength (i.e., at 0.4-0.5 M alkali salt) in a form sedimenting at approx. 7-8S, compatible with a monomeric state. It is also extracted by digestion with RNase but not with DNase. In immunofluorescence microscopy, antibody No-114 stains intensely nucleoli of oocytes and all somatic cells examined, including the residual nucleolar structure of Xenopus erythrocytes which are transcriptionally inactive. During mitosis the antigen does not remain associated with the nucleolar organizer regions (NOR) of chromosomes but is released and dispersed over the cytoplasm until telophase when it re-associates with the reforming interphase nucleoli. At higher resolution the immunofluorescent region is often resolved into a number of distinct subnucleolar components of varied size and shape. Immunoelectron microscopy using colloidal gold-coupled secondary antibodies reveals that the Mr 180 000 protein is confined to the dense fibrillar component of the nucleolus. This conclusion is also supported by its localization in the fibrillar part of segregated nucleoli of cells treated with actinomycin D. We conclude that nucleoli contain a prominent protein of Mr 180 000 which contributes to the general structure of the dense fibrillar component of the interphase nucleolus, independent of its specific transcriptional activity. PMID- 6539711 TI - The influence of contact-inhibited growth and of agents which alter cell morphology on the levels of G- and F-actin in cultured cells. AB - The amounts of G-actin and F-actin were measured in cultured cells grown under various conditions. The percent of total actin as F-actin in monolayer cultures of asynchronous cells was 72.4% in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, 57.7% in HeLa cells, 69.8% in V79 cells, and 79.5% in 1080 cells. Actin comprises 2.4-3.1% of the total protein in these cell lines. Treatment of cells with 20 microM cytochalasin B (CB) caused different cytological effects from treatment with 10 microM colchicine, but the effects characteristic of each drug were observed throughout the range of cell lines used. Of the five cell lines treated with CB only the V79 and CHO cells showed a decrease (5-8%) in the level of F-actin. Colchicine treatment of HeLa cells resulted in a 13% increase in the percent F actin, but similar treatment of CHO cells caused no significant change in F actin. Therefore, a change in the steady state level of F-actin is not necessary for the observed cell shape change. The F-actin levels in CHO cells treated with 7 mM procaine decreased from 72 to 65% over the first 15 min of exposure, a time during which the cells rounded. After continuous exposure of the cells to procaine for 1 h, the F-actin percentage returned to control levels and the cells, though abnormal in appearance, flattened on the culture dish. The relationship between the level of F-actin and cell density was studied on the culture dish. The relationship between the level of F-actin and cell density was studied in the 10T 1/2 cells, a cell line which demonstrates density-dependent growth regulation. While contact inhibition was accompanied by a decrease in the F-actin percentage (from greater than 95% to about 60%) in one strain of 10T1/2 cells, two other strains of the same cells progressed from log phase growth (highly motile) to late plateau phase (non-motile, contact-inhibited) with a constant level of F-actin (about 60%). A spontaneous transformant of this cell line, which no longer demonstrated contact-inhibited cell growth, also maintained the same constant F-actin (60%). Thus, the maintenance of contact-inhibited growth control does not appear to depend upon the net distribution of actin between the globular and filamentous forms. PMID- 6539712 TI - Synaptic density in chronic animals with experimental neurofibrillary changes. AB - Synaptic density was quantitated in the cerebral cortex and subiculum of rabbits with experimental neurofibrillary changes. Animals were subjected to subcutaneous injection of aluminum tartrate for 90 days, and synapses stained with ethanolic phosphotungstic acid were analyzed in animals killed 100, 200, or 300 days postinjection with aluminum tartrate. A significant difference was found in synaptic density between animals injected with aluminum tartrate and their age matched controls. This difference was a result of a low synaptic density present in animals killed 200 or 300 days postinjection of aluminum tartrate. In contrast, animals killed 100 days postinjection revealed the same synaptic density as their control. The data suggest that the synaptic depopulation associated with experimental neurofibrillary changes is a gradual process, and such changes are demonstrable only long after the initial appearance of neurofibrillary changes. PMID- 6539713 TI - High-performance liquid chromatography of flavonoids in Crataegus oxyacantha L. I. Reversed-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography. PMID- 6539714 TI - [Profile of oxygen concentration in cells and various controversial questions free oxygen transport in biological objects]. PMID- 6539715 TI - Splenic macrophages during pregnancy in the mouse. AB - Pregnant CBA/Ca mice at mid-gestation showed a two-fold increase in the relative content of splenic macrophages, a change which was suggested to be due to enhanced migration. The proportion of spleen cells carrying a high density of Fc receptors (assayed by EA-rosetting) was similarly increased in pregnant mice. The splenic content of non-lymphoid strongly esterase-positive cells was dramatically elevated at mid-gestation, but this increase was shown basically to be due to elevated numbers of esterase-staining erythroid blast cells. The pattern of the increase of Ig-secreting spleen cells was compared with that of macrophages and erythroid blast cells, and possible unspecific interaction at tissue-level is discussed. PMID- 6539716 TI - The estrogen-regulated 52 K protein adn plasminogen activators released by MCF7 cells are different. AB - In the MCF7 human breast cancer cell line, estradiol stimulates the synthesis of a 52 K secretory glycoprotein and has been reported to increase the plasminogen activator (PA) activity in the culture medium. Since one PA isozyme has a molecular weight close to 52 000 daltons under denaturing conditions, we asked whether the 52 K protein was a PA. The PA activity released in serum-free conditioned medium was evaluated by the increase in [125I]casein digestion observed in the presence of plasminogen. The 52 K protein was estimated by analysing the released proteins on SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. When the conditioned medium was chromatographed on concanavalin A-Sepharose, the 52 K protein was retained on the gel, but not the PA. The two proteins also appeared different on the basis of their competing efficiency in a radioimmunoassay developed to quantify the 52 K protein. An antiserum against human urokinase failed to immunoprecipitate the 52 K protein. Under our culture conditions estradiol increased 52 K, but not PA, production. These results clearly indicate that the estradiol-regulated 52 K protein is not a plasminogen activator. PMID- 6539717 TI - Effect of streptozotocin-induced hyperglycaemia on androgen-binding protein in rat testis and epididymis. AB - In adult male rats treated with streptozotocin 6 weeks before the experiments, androgen-binding protein concentration was increased in testicular tissue by 33% (p less than 0.01) and reduced in epididymal tissue by 25% (p less than 0.005) in animals exhibiting severe hyperglycaemia as compared with animals remaining in normoglycaemia or moderate hyperglycaemia. Androgen-binding protein content was diminished in epididymal tissue by 40% (p less than 0.0005) but not changed in testicular tissue. If related to constant body weight, the sum of testicular and epididymal androgen-binding protein was identical in both normo- and hyperglycaemic animals. This disturbance in androgen-binding protein distribution may be the consequence of altered testicular secretion or impaired transport of androgen-binding protein from testes to epididymides. PMID- 6539718 TI - Developmental regulation of production of an aggregation-stimulating factor from the cellular slime mold Polysphondylium violaceum. AB - An excreted, dialyzable component(s) produced during development of wild-type Polysphondylium violaceum has been previously shown to stimulate aggregation of aggregateless mutants in the complementation group aggA. Production of this aggregation-stimulating factor, called D factor, is greater during development in liquid culture than during development on a surface. after partial purification of crude D factor using high performance liquid chromatography, multiple species are found that retain the ability to stimulate aggregation of the aggA mutants. The three major components (DfA, DfB, and DfC) show decreasing polarity based on purification using reverse-phase chromatography. The proportion of each component secreted varies, depending on the developmental conditions (surface versus liquid) and the time after starvation when the factors are isolated. Preliminary physical and chemical characterization of the three D factor components suggests that they are related. PMID- 6539719 TI - Replication, integration and expression of exogenous DNA injected into fertilized eggs of Xenopus laevis. AB - We have analyzed the fate of circular and linear DNA molecules following microinjection into the cytoplasm of fertilized eggs of Xenopus laevis. Recombinant plasmids containing sea urchin histone genes (pSp 102), Drosophila ADH genes (sAC-1), and SV40 (SV2 CAT) replicate during the development of the injected frog embryo. In contrast, pBR322 either as monomers or multimers does not appear to replicate as efficiently. Generally, injected circular DNAs were not detectable by the gastrula stage of development, although there were several examples in which these molecules persisted until larval stages. In 90% of the cases, injected linear DNAs persisted as discrete molecules into early embryonic stages. A portion of the DNA sequences complementary to injected linear and circular molecules was detected comigrating with the high-molecular-weight cellular frog DNA (48 kb or larger) from mid-cleavage stages onward. Restriction enzyme analysis of DNA from injected embryos suggested some copies of the injected DNAs were integrated into the frog genome. This occurred in about 10% 30% of the cases of injected circular DNA and approximately 60%-70% of the cases of injected linear DNA. We were able to rescue circular plasmids from the injected blastulae by retransforming Escherichia coli. Restriction enzyme analysis of this DNA suggested that the majority of injected circular DNAs were not modified following replication in the frog embryo. The DNA of Xenopus embryos was highly methylated. On the other hand, injected DNA sequences were not methylated de novo even after many replication cycles in the frog embryo. Ribonucleic acid (RNA) transcripts from the injected DNAs were detectable by the late blastula stage of development. PMID- 6539720 TI - [Brain catecholamines in animals of various degrees of aggressiveness]. PMID- 6539721 TI - [The low-birth-weight newborn infant. IV. Children without pathological manifestations during their hospitalization]. PMID- 6539722 TI - Testicular choriocarcinoma with metastasis to gastric mucosa. PMID- 6539723 TI - [Reaction of the blood system to the administration of a bone marrow mediator stimulating antibody production]. PMID- 6539724 TI - [Mutagenic action of tritium on the germ cells of male mice. II. The genetic damages in stem spermatogonia induced by tritium oxide and gamma radiation]. AB - The frequency of reciprocal translocations (RT) induced by single injection of tritiated water (THO) (3.3; 6.3 and 12.6 MBq/g) or by referent 137Cs gamma irradiation was studied. The absorbed doses in testis were: 1; 2 and 4 Gr. The frequency of RT per 100 cells were 0.4; 1.1 and 2.5 after THO administration, and 0,5; 0.9 and 1.2 after single exposure to gamma irradiation, respectively. The RBE of tritium increased from 1 at the dose of 1 Gr to 2, at the dose of 4 Gr. PMID- 6539725 TI - [Stable chromosome rearrangements in the somatic cells of monkeys subjected to acute radiation exposure]. AB - Frequencies of stable chromosome rearrangements in bone marrow cells of rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) have been determined for following time periods: from 0.25 to 6.0 and from 10.0 to 18.0 years after gamma-irradiation at doses of 154.8 167.7 mC/kg. The time of the occurrence of pathological clones and the character of their formation in those cells, whose markers were presented by chromosome rearrangements of the same type, have been defined. Some animals showed the tendency towards the increase in the frequency of uni-type rearrangements in the pathological cell clones. This phenomenon could be a potential precursor of the pathological processes in irradiated individuals. PMID- 6539726 TI - [Determination of the parameters of the single 2-allele autosomal locus model with incomplete penetrance]. AB - A method for estimating the parameters of the single autosomal two-allele locus model with incomplete penetrance (the gene frequency and penetrances of the three genotypes) is presented. The method requires the presence of (1) the population frequency of the trait; (2) any set of incidences in relatives of probands that would allow to obtain the estimations of additive and dominant genetic variances and (3) segregation frequencies determined by the generalized Weinberg's method. The method proposed yields the uniquel estimations of the model parameters for traits which have additive genetic variance differed from zero. Some aspects of practical use of the method are discussed. PMID- 6539727 TI - [Genetic epidemiology study of ovarian cancer. I. A comparison of familial and population frequencies]. AB - The frequency of several kinds of cancer among relatives of 200 patients with ovarian cancer was analysed. The annual population incidence was used as a control. Nonrandom familial clustering of ovarian cancer (p less than 0.01) was observed. The frequency of breast cancer in women and that of eosophagal cancer in man was higher than the expected value (p less than 0.05). The risk of ovarian cancer occurrence amounted 9% in women of the first degree of relationship, whereas cumulative risk in a population only reached 1.57% to the age of 90. The patterns of distribution of patients in the pedigrees satisfied the requirements of the multifactorial model. Heritability coefficient was 54.12 +/- 2.49%. Thus, women of the first degree of relationship compose the high risk group. PMID- 6539728 TI - [Prevalence and incidence of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency in the central region of Cuba]. AB - The results of screening for G-6-PD deficiency carried out in a sample of 3083 subjects of the central region of Cuba have been analysed in the present study. The frequency of G-6-PD deficiency in this population is high. The proportion of G-6-DP deficient subjects in the negroid group was higher than that encountered in the group of white. No association was found between the age and G-6-DP deficiency. PMID- 6539729 TI - Studies on the metabolic fate of sucrose esters in rats. AB - The metabolism in rats of sucrose esters of stearic acid and palmitic acid was studied in vivo and in vitro using esters labelled with 14C at the sucrose of fatty-acid moiety. In excretion studies, the ratio of expired radioactivity to absorbed radioactivity after oral administration of the sucrose esters labelled at the sucrose moiety was similar to that after the administration of [14C]sucrose. A similar correlation between the ester labelled at the fatty-acid moiety and the free [14C]fatty acid was also observed. No intact sucrose ester was detected in the urine. Studies in vitro using everted intestinal sacs showed that there was virtually no transport of 14C-labelled sucrose esters from the mucosal to the serosal solution through the intestinal tissues, and that the enzymes in the intestinal mucosa played a more important role in the hydrolysis of sucrose esters than did those in the digestive fluid. In studies of intestinal absorption through the mesenteric lymphatic system, during the 24 hr after ingestion 1.8% of the administered radioactivity was recovered in the lymph after dosing with [U-14C]sucrose monostearate whereas 20% was recovered in the lymph after dosing with sucrose [1-14C]monostearate. This difference in levels of recovery of administered radioactivity indicated that sucrose monostearate was absorbed only after hydrolysis. No intact ester was detected in the lymph or in the portal or femoral blood. The results of all of these experiments show that the sucrose esters are hydrolysed to sucrose and fatty acids prior to intestinal absorption. PMID- 6539731 TI - Effect of organic solvents and unsaturated fatty acids on nitrosamine formation. AB - Formation of N-nitrosodimethylamine in chloroform or in mixtures of chloroform/citrate buffer or methyl stearate-chloroform (1:9)/citrate buffer was faster than that in citrate buffer alone. The chemically inert non-aqueous solvent may increase the level of the non-ionized active species of the nitrosating agent. The presence of unsaturated fatty acid methyl esters in chloroform suppressed formation of N-nitrosodimethylamine compared to that in chloroform alone but, because of the non-aqueous solvent effect, nitrosamine formation was slightly higher than that in citrate buffer. Fats containing unsaturated fatty acids also inhibited nitrosamine formation in chloroform indicating that the unsaturated fatty acid residues were effective scavengers of the nitrosating agent. Methyl linoleate was converted into peroxide(s) with carbonyl or carbonyl-liberating functions by reaction with nitrous acid, although it is not clear whether the reaction was relevant to the loss of nitrous acid. PMID- 6539730 TI - Hydrocolloid food additives and rat caecal microbial enzyme activities. AB - Agar, carboxymethylcellulose, carrageenan, guar gum, gum acacia, locust-beam gum or pectin (50 g/kg diet), given to weanling rats for 4 wk, increased the weight of the caecal wall and the caecal contents. Feeding carboxymethylcellulose, guar gum or pectin significantly increased, and feeding carrageenan decreased, the total bacterial population of the caecum. Feeding carboxymethylcellulose significantly increased in vitro activity of bacterial azoreductase, beta glucosidase, beta-glucuronidase, nitrate reductase, nitroreductase and urease. Guar gum, gum acacia and locust-bean gum each increased at least three of these activities. In contrast, feeding carrageenan greatly decreased all microbial enzyme activities, while agar decreased beta-glucosidase, beta-glucuronidase and nitroreductase activities. PMID- 6539732 TI - Inhalation toxicity of dibutylhexamethylenediamine in rats. AB - Dibutylhexamethylenediamine (DBHMD), a polymer intermediate, is strongly alkaline and is corrosive to eyes and skin. Its inhalation toxicity was defined in rats in both acute and subchronic studies. A 4-hr LC50 of 0.22 mg/litre was obtained for DBHMD of either 80.6 or 98.25% purity. Clinical signs of irritation were apparent during and immediately following exposure and no delayed deaths occurred. The mortality dose-response line was relatively steep. Reduction of exposure times to 5 min produced an LC50 of 51 mg/litre, with similar clinical signs and a steep dose-response line. These data suggest that the product of concentration and time (Ct) is constant for exposure times ranging from 5 min to 4 hr. Repeated (ten) exposures to 0.0125 mg/litre caused no signs of adverse response in rats. A concentration of 0.0234 mg/litre caused some mortality, mucous-membrane irritation, changes in haematological parameters (including erythrocyte counts, haemoglobin, concentration and total and differential leucocyte counts) and an increased acidity and decreased volume of urine. Death at this exposure level was attributed to cardiac failure secondary to pulmonary oedema and congestion, with evidence of hepatic congestion, diffuse cardiac myocytolysis and oedema, and thymic atrophy and congestion. Changes in the heart and thymus were seen in one of two rats killed after the tenth exposure. Clinical and pathological changes observed after the ten exposures were absent after a 14-day recovery period. DBHMD is highly toxic following acute inhalation and produces a steep dose response following either single or multiple exposures. PMID- 6539733 TI - Risk estimates of liver cancer due to aflatoxin exposure from peanuts and peanut products. AB - An assessment was undertaken of the risk of liver cancer in the USA associated with aflatoxin ingestion from peanuts. Both laboratory-animal data and epidemiological data collected from the scientific literature and several prominent mathematical extrapolation techniques were used. Risk estimates differed by a factor of greater than 1000 when the extrapolated results of three selected animal studies were analysed. Dose-response data for the male Fischer rat, the most sensitive mammalian species studied, produced an estimate of 158 cases of liver cancer per year in the USA at current levels of aflatoxin exposure. An estimate of 58 annual cases was predicted on the basis of epidemiological data of populations in Africa and Thailand. PMID- 6539734 TI - Tissue deposition and clearance of aflatoxins from broiler chickens fed a contaminated diet. AB - A study was conducted to determine aflatoxin levels in the tissues of broiler chickens that had been fed a diet containing 2057 micrograms aflatoxin B1 and 1323 micrograms aflatoxin B2/kg for 35 days. Results showed that aflatoxins were deposited in all tissues. The highest levels of aflatoxins were present in the gizzards, livers and kidneys. There was evidence that the high levels of aflatoxins B1 and B2 in the gizzards might have been caused by contamination by the gizzard contents during the slaughtering process. After feeding the aflatoxin contaminated diet for 35 days, mean values for the combined aflatoxins were less than 3 micrograms/kg of tissue. Four days after withdrawal of the aflatoxin contaminated ration, there were no detectable amounts of aflatoxins in any of the tissues. The results indicate that broiler chickens rapidly clear aflatoxins from their tissues once they are transferred to an aflatoxin-free diet. PMID- 6539735 TI - Teratological study of Fischer rats fed diet containing added vomitoxin. AB - Vomitoxin (deoxynivalenol), a tricothecene mycotoxin produced by Fusarium species, has been detected in corn, wheat and other cereal grains intended for consumption by man and by animals used for food. The teratogenic potential of vomitoxin administered in the diet was studied by feeding a vomitoxin-containing certified rat feed ad lib. to groups of Fischer 344 rats during the entire course of pregnancy. The vomitoxin was added to the diet at a level of 0.0, 0.5, 2.0 or 5.0 ppm. There were no overt signs of toxicity in the dams, and no statistically significant differences in feed consumption at any level compared to the control group. Dams in the two groups receiving the highest levels of vomitoxin tended to weigh less at term than other females, and after removal of the pups and uterus their carcass weights were significantly lower than those in the control group. Term foetuses were examined by standard teratological techniques. Male and female pup weights were unaffected by the maternal treatment. Vomitoxin had no statistically significant adverse effects on the incidence of gross, skeletal or visceral abnormalities. Neither dams nor pups showed any significant histopathological changes. PMID- 6539736 TI - Mutachromosomal effects of tert-butylhydroquinone in bone-marrow cells of mice. AB - When given to mice either in a single ip injection of 200 mg/kg body weight or in 30 daily oral doses of 2 mg/kg, tert-butylhydroquinone had severe clastogenic effects on the bone-marrow cells. However mitostatic activity was observed only with the acute treatment. PMID- 6539737 TI - Aflatoxin distribution in edible oil-extracting plants and in poultry feedmills. AB - The occurrence and distribution of aflatoxins B1, B2, G1 and G2 in the raw materials and products of three plants for extracting edible oils and in two poultry feedmills in which by-products of the oil extraction were used for feed formulation were investigated. While levels of aflatoxins were high in the products and by-products from the three extraction plants, the levels in the poultry feeds produced in the feedmills were found to be relatively low. The latter finding may reflect the proportion of pellets included in the feedstock formulation, while the climatic differences in the areas in which the extraction plants were situated were a possible factor in the differing levels of aflatoxin found in the samples from the three extraction plants. PMID- 6539738 TI - The toxicological evaluation of chlorofluorocarbon 22 (CFC 22). PMID- 6539739 TI - Coffee drinking and bladder cancer. PMID- 6539740 TI - Rutin causes oral cancer--hard to swallow? PMID- 6539741 TI - Formaldehyde: macromolecular links. PMID- 6539742 TI - Acrylamide neurotoxicity. PMID- 6539743 TI - [Is the crypton laser superior to other sources of light used for coagulation of the retina?]. PMID- 6539744 TI - [Technical requirement for the use of lasers in surgery of retinal detachment]. PMID- 6539745 TI - Effects of exogenous growth hormone on mammary function in lactating goats. AB - The galactopoietic effect of daily injections, for five day periods, of growth hormone was examined by measuring milk yield, mammary blood flow and arteriovenous differences of glucose and amino acids on 12 occasions in four goats. In 10 periods there were marked increases (mean 18.1%) in mammary blood flow (8 statistically significant) and less-marked increases (mean 8.0%) in milk yield (6 statistically significant). On 8 of the occasions on which it was measured the maximum blood plasma growth hormone concentration was increased to more than 8 ng/ml. There were no statistically significant changes in mammary arteriovenous concentration differences of glucose or amino acids in response to growth hormone injections. It is suggested that, contrary to the usual situation in which the rate of mammary blood flow appears to be regulated by the metabolic activity of the gland, the galactopoietic response to growth hormone may be a consequence of elevated blood flow, which increases the supply to the gland of rate-limiting metabolic substrates. PMID- 6539746 TI - Evaluation of pathological criteria for diagnosis of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. AB - This study aims to evaluate and compare the current pathological criteria for the diagnosis of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HOCM). The following criteria were applied to 39 autopsy patients whose hearts showed myofibre disarray: (i) disarray involving more than 5% of ventricular septal myofibres, (ii) asymmetrical septal hypertrophy (ASH), (iii) mirror-image subaortic plaque, and (iv) a positive histologic HOCM index (HHI). Group 1 (27 patients) with greater than 5% ventricular septal myofibre disarray were diagnosed as HCM, whereas group 2 (12 patients) had less than 5% disarray. The mean disarray value in group 1 was 52% compared to 1.2% in group 2. The two groups showed significant differences regarding ASH and in the amounts of myofibre disarray in the free walls of both ventricles. A new finding was that the histologic HOCM index was significantly higher in patients who died suddenly. The HHI was the commonest positive criterion in group 1, followed by ASH and a mirror-image endocardial plaque. None of the current imperfect pathological criteria for the diagnosis of HCM can be used as the 'gold standard'. PMID- 6539747 TI - Fetal effects on sexual behavior and aggression in young and old female mice treated with estrogen and testosterone. AB - During fetal life female mice (Mus musculus) that develop between two male fetuses (2M females) have higher blood concentrations of testosterone than do females that do not develop next to a male fetus (0M females). In the first experiment reported here, sexual receptivity and sexual attractiveness to males were examined in young (5 month old) and old (17 month old) ovariectomized, estrogen- and progesterone-treated 0M and 2M female mice that were placed in like age pairs with a male. Most males inseminated the 0M female prior to inseminating the 2M female regardless of age. In addition, 0M females were more likely to exhibit lordosis when mounted than were 2M females. When the same young females were 9 months of age and the old females were 21 months of age, they were treated with testosterone and again placed together in pairs along with a sexually receptive female. Young 2M females exhibited more aggression toward the testosterone-treated female partner, and also exhibited more mounting of the receptive female, than did young 0M females. But, both old 0M and old 2M females were highly aggressive and exhibited mounting. An increase in sensitivity to the effects of testosterone on behavior thus occurs during aging in 0M females, which are relatively insensitive to testosterone in young adulthood. In contrast, when treated with estrogen and progesterone, 0M females were more attractive to males and were more sexually receptive than 2M females regardless of age. PMID- 6539748 TI - The role of progesterone in pregnancy-induced aggression in mice. AB - A series of six experiments was performed in order to explore the potential involvement of progesterone (P) in pregnancy-induced aggression (PIA) displayed by Rockland-Swiss mice toward adult male intruders. In Experiment 1, circulating levels of P and aggression were low on gestation Days 6 and 10 while both the behavior and the steroid reached peak levels by gestation Day 14. By gestation Day 18 (the day prior to parturition), serum P was at its lowest level yet aggressive behavior was still intense. Also, individual differences in the display of fighting behavior by pregnant females were not related to circulating P. Experiments 2 and 3 showed that supplemental P treatment to early pregnant female mice did not advance the onset of aggression. Experiment 4 showed that P treatment promoted the onset and elevated the incidence of aggression in virgin mice, but only in those females with intact ovaries. Experiment 5 showed that the aggressive behavior of P-stimulated virgin females was qualitatively and quantitatively different from that exhibited by pregnant mice in that the former exhibited fewer attacks and lunges than the latter. Finally, Experiment 6 showed that the removal of P from aggressive, P-stimulated virgins dramatically attenuated levels of the behavior. This contrasts sharply with the continued fighting behavior observed in late pregnant P-deficient mice. Thus, although P augments aggression in female mice it apparently is not a sufficient stimulus for producing pregnancy-like aggressive behavior. PMID- 6539749 TI - Aggression persists after ovariectomy in female rats. AB - Aggression occurs not only in males but also in females, however, under different sex-specific stimulus and endocrine conditions. After being housed with males, female rats exhibit frequent and intense aggressive behavior toward unfamiliar rats. However, the female residents primarily attack female intruder rats, while the male residents attack males and not females. Altering the hormonal condition of the intruders can modify the behavior that they provoke from the residents. Castration of the male intruders reduces aggression from male residents, but ovariectomy of the female intruders does not alter the behavior of the female residents. Treatment of the gonadectomized intruders with gonadal steroids significantly alters the response of the male residents. Resident-intruder aggressive behavior depends on the presence of the testes in the male residents but not on the ovaries or on lactation in the female residents. Even 7 weeks after ovariectomy the female residents continue to show aggressive behavior toward female intruders. In the same time period the castrated male residents show a marked decrease in aggressive and sexual behavior. PMID- 6539750 TI - Estradiol benzoate treatment of an XY gonadal dysgenetic chacma baboon. AB - Behavioral studies of an XY gonadal dysgenetic chacma baboon under estradiol benzoate treatment were carried out. The dysgenetic individual and two ovariectomized conspecific control females were given a total of three testing series. The dysgenetic individual showed progressive success in her sexual interactions with her male partners and during her third testing series she was copulated with to ejaculation by five of the eight male partners. This study provides the first supportive evidence from a nonhuman primate for the predicted development of female sexual behavior in a genetic male deprived of testes prior to the sensitive period for sexual differentiation. PMID- 6539751 TI - The effects of PPS on the medical supply industry. PMID- 6539752 TI - Caring for the elderly under prospective pricing. PMID- 6539753 TI - PPS leads to increasing physician involvement. The medical staff: a vital component of the hospital. PMID- 6539754 TI - [Studies of activators and inhibitors of fibrinolysis in lichen planus]. PMID- 6539755 TI - Reduction of chronic psychosocial hypertension in mice by decaffeinated tea. AB - The effects of decaffeinated green tea on CBA mice have been contrasted with those of water during 3 to 5 months of exposure to various intensities of social stress. Intensity was modified by using different types of caging: Henry-Stephens complex population cages for maximum stress, open field population cages for intermediate levels, and siblings in standard mouse boxes for minimal stress. Two population densities were used: high, with 16 males and 16 females per population cage; and low, with approximately half this number. In three sets of experiments, 58 comparisons were made between body weight, blood pressure, pulse rate, scarring, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), adrenal and heart weights, plasma corticosterone, adult male mortality, and number of weanlings of those on decaffeinated green tea and matched groups on water. Twenty-five of the comparisons indicated less arousal with the decaffeinated green tea and in none was the water favored. Blood pressure fell from 150 to 133 mm Hg. These results support the proposal that the polyphenols (bioflavonoids) of tea may have a beneficial sedative action. PMID- 6539756 TI - Prenatal lymphocytic choriomeningitis (LCM): three new cases. PMID- 6539757 TI - Alopecia universalis in identical twins. PMID- 6539758 TI - Spontaneous capillary tube migration of metastatic rat mammary adenocarcinoma cells. AB - The spontaneous capillary tube migration of metastatic MAT 13762 rat mammary adenocarcinoma cells has been measured and compared with that of a non-metastatic variant, TGR. MAT 13762 cells migrated to a greater extent in the presence than in the absence of serum, and in both cases migration areas were considerably greater than for TGR cells. Different clones of hybrids, formed by fusing metastatic and non-metastatic variants, showed migration areas ranging from those of the metastatic to those of the non-metastatic parent cells. Despite their differing migrations, all of these clones were either non or only slightly metastatic. Treatment of TGR cells with trypsin enhanced their migration to that of MAT 13762 cells, whereas trypsin-treated MAT 13762 cells showed a slightly decreased migration. Although MAT 13762 cells, unlike TGR cells, produced large amounts of plasminogen activator (PA), no evidence was obtained for the direct involvement of PA in the high migration rate of MAT 13762 cells. PMID- 6539760 TI - Proliferative response of human lymphocytes to antigens not experienced in vivo. AB - A comparison has been made of two methods for studying the immune response of human lymphocytes to antigens not experienced in vivo. In the first method, the sensitization-restimulation assay (or S/R test), lymphocytes from blood were sensitized to antigen in bulk cultures and then redistributed into microtiter plates for a second culture period in the presence of specific or unrelated antigen. The proliferative response of the sensitized cells in the second culture was measured by 3H-thymidine uptake. With this protocol one could strictly control the specificity of the response in the second culture by using different antigens in the sensitization and restimulation phases of the assay. An alternative method for studying the response of lymphocytes to antigens not experienced in vivo was an adaptation of the lymphocyte transformation assay by extending the time of culture for up to four days. We found that this latter assay was not appropriate for determining if individuals were nonresponders to antigens not experienced in vivo. Limiting dilution analysis showed that the frequency of antigen reactive cells was so low that nonrandom distribution of reactive cells was obtained and the frequency of reactive cells depended on the concentration of antigen used in the cultures. Further it was impossible to adequately control for the specificity of the response. PMID- 6539759 TI - Proteins with preferential affinity for single-stranded DNA in tissues of Octopus vulgaris lam. AB - An investigation was carried out to search for proteins with preferential affinity for single-stranded DNA in nuclei of testicles, white bodies and optic lobes of Octopus Vulgaris Lam, as examples of organs characterized by high meiotic, high mitotic, and no or low mitotic activity, respectively. The results obtained are the following. Single strand binding proteins are present in testicles nuclei and, in much lower amount, in white bodies nuclei. Testicles cells have at least three protein species with affinity for single-stranded DNA, which, on the basis of elution characteristics and electrophoretic mobility, appear to be specific of testicle tissue. No single strand binding proteins could be found in Octopus optic lobes nuclei. PMID- 6539762 TI - Factors relating to urine spraying and fighting in prepubertally gonadectomized cats. AB - The fact that male cats are routinely castrated prior to full sexual maturity for behavioral reasons prompted a survey of the prevalence of these behaviors in prepubertally gonadectomized male and female cats. About 10% of the 134 male and 5% of the 152 female cats studied engaged in spraying on a frequent basis later in adult life. Problem spraying and fighting in males was of the same order of magnitude as in males castrated in adulthood after the problem behaviors had appeared. The age of prepubertal castration, ranging from 6 to 10 months, had no influence on spraying or fighting later in life. It was found that male cats are more likely to spray and fight if they are in households with female cats than with other male cats. With regard to female cats, spraying or fighting was less than that of male cats. Age at the time of gonadectomy was not a factor in their tendency to spray or fight. Possible prenatal masculinization of female fetuses by male fetuses, as revealed by littermate composition, was not a factor in the predisposition of female cats to spray or fight. PMID- 6539761 TI - Conjunctival fungal flora in horses, cattle, dogs, and cats. AB - Conjunctival swab specimens were obtained from both eyes of 43 horses, 25 cows, 50 dogs, and 25 cats without keratitis or other ophthalmologic problems. Fungi were isolated from 95% of the horses, 100% of the cows, 22% of the dogs, and 40% of the cats. Aspergillus spp were isolated from 56% of the horses, 12% of the cows, 8% of the cats, and none of the dogs. Penicillium spp and Cladosporium spp were isolated ubiquitously. Collectively, 28 species from 209 isolants were identified. PMID- 6539763 TI - Seasonal variation of histomorphologic features of equine endometrium. AB - The effect of seasonal morphologic variation of equine endometrium on histologic interpretation of periglandular fibrosis was investigated in 5 mares. Endometrial tissue was procured monthly and examined microscopically for the degree of periglandular fibrosis. A prognostic category for each mare was based on the mean number of fibrotic foci per linear field of 5.5 mm. It was found that seasonal changes reflected in endometrial glands and stroma influenced quantitative assessment of fibrosis. This occasionally resulted in a change in the assigned prognostic category. Marked nonseasonal variation in degree of fibrosis was observed in 1 mare, thus indicating that a nonuniform distribution of lesions may influence histologic evaluation of the endometrium. PMID- 6539764 TI - Failure of penile erection due to vascular shunt from corpus cavernosum penis to the corpus spongiosum penis in a bull. PMID- 6539765 TI - Ethanol toxicosis secondary to sourdough ingestion in a dog. PMID- 6539766 TI - Mitral valve prolapse and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in a pup. PMID- 6539767 TI - Peptide antibiotic K-582 production in relation to amino acid metabolism in Metarrhizium anisopliae. AB - Formation of the basic antibiotic, K-582 was stimulated by supplying Metarrhizium anisopliae U-47 with several amino acids present in its structure. The addition of L-arginine to the basal medium resulted in the almost exclusive formation of K 582 B, while L-lysine increased K-582 A formation. Some carbon sources were observed to have effects similar to those obtained with the above mentioned amino acids. Furthermore, when L-arginine was added in excess to the basal medium, free gamma-hydroxyarginine, which is a major constituent of the antibiotic, accumulated extra- and intra-cellularly. Free gamma-hydroxyarginine isolated from the culture broth of this microorganism was the threo-L-isomer. K-582 formation was repressed by glycerol, which exerted catabolite repression of gamma hydroxyarginine synthesis. PMID- 6539769 TI - Partial purification and catalytic properties of a bifunctional enzyme in the biosynthetic pathway of beta-lactams in Cephalosporium acremonium. AB - The catalytic properties of the partially purified deacetoxycephalosporin C (DAOC)-synthetase and DAOC-hydroxylase from an industrial strain of Cephalosporium acremonium were studied. After mechanical breakage of the cells, purification was achieved by fractional (NH4)2SO4 precipitation, gel chromatography on Sephadex G-75, ion exchange chromatography on DEAE-Trisacryl M and two isoelectric focusing steps. The two enzyme activities could not be separated. Indirect evidence was obtained from SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the purest fractions obtained by isoelectric focusing that the two reactions are catalyzed by a single enzyme with a molecular weight of 33,000 +/- 2,000 and a pI of 4.6 +/- 0.1. Both reactions require alpha-ketoglutarate, FeSO4, ascorbate and O2, whereas additional ATP shows only a slight stimulation. PMID- 6539768 TI - Repression of beta-lactam production in Cephalosporium acremonium by nitrogen sources. AB - A variety of inorganic and organic nitrogen sources were added to fermentation media to determine their regulatory effects on the production of beta-lactam antibiotics by Cephalosporium acremonium. (NH4)2SO4 at concentrations higher than 100 mM (1.3%) strongly inhibited beta-lactam production. L-Asparagine and L arginine proved to be the best nitrogen sources tested for beta-lactam production. The optimum concentration of asparagine was 1.2%. Higher concentrations led to NH3 accumulation, increase in pH, and lower growth rates. Addition of tribasic magnesium phosphate [Mg3(PO4)2 X 8H2O] to the (NH4)2SO4 containing medium stimulated beta-lactam production markedly and ammonium repression of the ring-expansion enzyme was reversed. It appears that the ring expansion step is a very sensitive part of beta-lactam biosynthesis in C. acremonium with respect to nitrogen source repression. Other enzymes may also be sensitive in view of the fact that nitrogen source derepression not only led to increases in cephalosporin C but, to a lesser extent, penicillin N and total beta lactam titers. PMID- 6539770 TI - Diurnal behavior patterns of feedlot bulls during winter and spring in northern latitudes. AB - The diurnal behavior patterns of feedlot bulls were investigated at 52 degrees N during winter and spring. Two trials were conducted during periods when the daylight portion of the day increased by over 7 h. In trial 1, 324 bulls were observed hourly for 24 h on nine occasions at 2-wk intervals. The average proportions of bulls eating, drinking, standing and lying were 9.8, 1.9, 27.4 and 60.0%, respectively. Major periods of eating, drinking and standing were associated with the times of sunrise and sunset and shifted with seasonal changes. Initiation and termination of the afternoon period of eating was greatly affected by changing times of sunset and not by the daily addition of feed, which always occurred at approximately 1600 h. A significant period of eating, involving up to 15% of the bulls at one time, occurred near midnight during the longer winter night but decreased in duration and intensity as day-length increased. In trial 2, continuous observations for 24 h were made at 2-wk intervals on two groups of nine bulls. When the spread in time between morning and evening activity increased due to longer daylength, bulls were active at midday. This became more pronounced on days when the photoperiod exceeded 10 h. Minor periods of activity were evident at night. Mounting and agonistic encounters increased dramatically in frequency near sunset and in general were associated with the major periods of eating and standing.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6539771 TI - Genetic and phenotypic parameters for sow productivity. AB - Data from 609 purebred Yorkshire, Hampshire and Duroc litters were utilized to obtain genetic and environmental parameter estimates for litter number and weight traits at birth, 21 d (first creep) and 42 d (weaning) considered as traits of the sow. Differences among paternal half-sib sets of sows were analyzed. Heritability estimates from this study were .26 +/- .12, .28 +/- .12 and .30 +/- .12 for litter size at birth, 21 and 42 d and .54 +/- .13, .17 +/- .11 and .15 +/ .11 for litter weights at those times, respectively. These estimates indicated that the dam's genetic contribution to litter weight was higher for prenatal growth than during nursing. The heritabilities for litter size were encouraging for within breed selection. Genetic correlations among litter sizes and genetic correlations among litter weights at birth, 21 and 42 d were large and positive. Large, positive genetic correlations also were found between litter size and weight at each of the three times. Negative correlations between litter size and average pig weight at both birth and 21 d and between litter size at birth and average pig weight at 21 d indicated that larger litters were associated genetically with smaller pigs. Phenotypic and environmental correlations generally indicated the same associations. PMID- 6539772 TI - Properties of salicylate hydroxylase and hydroxyquinol 1,2-dioxygenase purified from Trichosporon cutaneum. AB - Salicylate hydroxylase (salicylate 1-monooxygenase, EC 1.14.13.1) was purified from the soil yeast Trichosporon cutaneum. The enzyme contained flavin adenine dinucleotide and was monomeric, with a molecular weight of 45,300. In addition to salicylate, the four isomeric dihydroxybenzoates having one hydroxyl adjacent to carboxyl in the benzene nucleus were oxidatively decarboxylated without formation of hydrogen peroxide. One of these isomers, gentisate, was rapidly oxidized to hydroxyquinol by the enzyme but did not serve as an effective single carbon source for T. cutaneum; however, when growing with salicylate, cells also readily utilized gentisate for growth. Hydroxyquinol 1,2-dioxygenase (EC 1.13.11....) is a newly investigated enzyme which was purified from T. cutaneum grown with 4 hydroxybenzoate. The enzyme was red, contained ferric iron, and was specific for hydroxyquinol; catechol and pyrogallol were oxidized at less than 1% of the rate for hydroxyquinol, and no activity could be detected against seven other catechols. The enzyme was composed of two nonidentical subunits having molecular weights of 39,600 and 38,200 and was apparently dimeric. PMID- 6539773 TI - Isolation and partial characterization of a carbohydrate-binding protein from a nematode-trapping fungus. AB - A developmentally regulated carbohydrate-binding protein from the capture organs of Arthrobotrys oligospora, not present on hyphae, was isolated and partially characterized. Surface structures of A. oligospora were radiolabeled with [125I]iodosulfanilic acid. The fungus was homogenized, and the homogenate was passed over an affinity column containing N-acetyl-D-galactosamine immobilized to Sepharose 6B. The bound radiolabeled protein was eluted from the affinity column with a glycine-hydrochloride buffer (pH 3.0), concentrated, and chromatographed on a metal chelate affinity gel containing Ca2+. EDTA was used as an eluant for the radiolabeled protein. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in combination with autoradiography revealed a molecular weight for the carbohydrate- and cation-binding polypeptide of ca. 20,000. PMID- 6539774 TI - State dependence of noradrenergic activity in a rapidly cycling bipolar patient. AB - Plasma levels of the major norepinephrine (NE) metabolite, 3-methoxy-4 hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG), were measured in a rapidly cycling bipolar patient and her first-degree relatives. The mood state dependence and the reciprocal relationship between noradrenergic and cholinergic activity were investigated by assessing mood, thought disorder, and plasma MHPG following the infusion of physostigmine. A correlation was found between plasma MHPG and mood states, with exceedingly high levels during mania and hypomania. Levels were significantly decreased by ECT or combined lithium and chlorpromazine administration. A pathologic diurnal MHPG pattern was detected during periods of abnormal mood changes. Infusion of physostigmine led to a prompt reduction in MHPG release and a marked decline in mood-state measurements and the overall level of thought disorder. Muscarinic receptors exerting negative feedback control over the synthesis and/or release of NE may have become supersensitive as a consequence of alpha 2-adrenoceptor densensitization. PMID- 6539775 TI - Separation of the presynaptic and synaptic phases of homologous pairing promoted by recA protein. AB - Homologous pairing of single strands with duplex DNA promoted by recA protein occurred without a lag only when the protein was preincubated with ATP and single stranded DNA. The rate-limiting presynaptic interaction of recA protein and single strands showed a high temperature coefficient: it proceeded 30 times more slowly at 30 degrees C than at 37 degrees C, whereas synapsis showed a normal temperature coefficient. Thus, the presynaptic phase could be separated experimentally from the rest of the reaction by preincubation of single strands with recA protein and ATP at 37 degrees C, followed by a shift to 30 degrees C before double-stranded DNA was added. The presynaptic phase was an order of magnitude more sensitive to inhibition by ADP than was subsequent strand exchange. Presynaptic complexes that were formed at 37 degrees C decayed only slowly at 30 degrees C, but Escherichia coli single strand binding protein caused complexes to form rapidly at 30 degrees C which indicates that single strand binding protein accelerated the rate of formation of complexes. Preincubation synchronized the initial pairing reaction, and further revealed the rapid formation of nascent heteroduplex DNA 250-300 base pairs in length. PMID- 6539776 TI - Evidence for a single forskolin-binding site in rat adipocyte membrane. Studies of [14,15-3H]dihydroforskolin binding and adenylate cyclase activation. AB - [14,15-3H] Dihydroforskolin has been used as a tracer in the study of forskolin binding to adipocyte plasma membrane and the subsequent activation of adenylate cyclase (EC 4.6.1.1) of this membrane. The specific binding of radioactivity to the membrane was rapid, temperature-dependent, saturable, and readily reversible. The equilibrium dissociation reaction constant (KD) for the binding was 13 microM, with a maximum binding (Bmax) of 61 pmol of forskolin per mg of membrane protein. The Hill coefficient was 1.0. The bound [14,15-3H] dihydroforskolin was displaced by forskolin with rate constants of 0.07 X 10(6) M-1 min-1 and 1.2 min 1 for the association and dissociation reactions, respectively (30 degrees C). The equilibrium dissociation constant (KD) was approximately the same as the concentration that produced half-maximum activation (EC50) of the adenylate cyclase of rat adipocyte plasma membrane. There was a linear correlation between forskolin binding and adenylate cyclase activation. The results are consistent with the concept of a single class of binding site which binds forskolin. [14,15 3H] Dihydroforskolin appears to be a potentially useful tracer in the study of the mechanism of activation of the catalytic unit of adipocyte adenylate cyclase. PMID- 6539777 TI - Glucagon-induced heterologous desensitization of the MDCK cell adenylyl cyclase. Increases in the apparent levels of the inhibitory regulator (Ni). AB - Treatment of MDCK cells with glucagon results in decreases in glucagon, NaF and prostaglandin E1-stimulated adenylyl cyclase activities, indicating the occurrence of a heterologous desensitization process. The extent of desensitization was time and glucagon concentration dependent. Maximal desensitization (30-50% decrease in stimulation by various effectors) was obtained by 4 h at 100 nM glucagon. Glucagon also induced homologous desensitization since after treatment, the Kact of glucagon was specifically increased. Treatment of cells with 10 microM 8-bromoadenosine 3':5'-monophosphate or 10 microM forskolin resulted in decreased hormonal (glucagon and prostaglandin E1) stimulation without any decrease in the stimulation by nonhormonal effectors (NaF, forskolin, and guanyl-5'-yl imidodiphosphate). The stimulatory regulator (Ns) of the adenylyl cyclase system was analyzed after desensitization with glucagon and no measurable changes in the apparent levels of the alpha s subunits of Ns or the activity of Ns as assessed by reconstitution of the cyc- S49 cell membrane adenylyl cyclase were detected. Levels of the alpha i subunit of the inhibitory regulator (Ni) were monitored by labeling with [32P]NAD and pertussis toxin. Membranes of glucagon-treated cells showed a 2-fold increase in the amount of alpha i labeled. Addition of pure Ns to glucagon-treated MDCK cell membranes restored full stimulation by NaF but did not restore stimulation by prostaglandin E1 or glucagon. It is concluded that glucagon induces heterologous and homologous desensitization of the MDCK cell adenylyl cyclase. The locus of the heterologous desensitization is at the level of the regulatory components. Decreased stimulation is thought to occur due to either an increase in the levels of Ni or due to altered interactions between the subunits of Ni. PMID- 6539778 TI - Polypeptide components of two 8 S forms of chicken oviduct progesterone receptor. AB - Two 8 S forms of progesterone receptor from the chicken oviduct were purified to near homogeneity and analyzed for peptide composition by gel electrophoresis. Form I contains two major peptides with molecular weights of 90,000 and 75,000. Form II also contains two major peptides with molecular weights of 90,000 and 110,000. In glycerol gradients containing molybdate, the 90,000, 110,000, and 75,000 molecular weight peptides co-sediment with the [3H]progesterone peak at 8 S. In high salt gradients lacking molybdate, the [3H]progesterone peak co sediments with the 110,000 and 75,000 molecular weight peptides at 4 S, while the 90,000 molecular weight peptide sediments at 6-7 S. On photoactivation, the synthetic progestin R5020 binds covalently to the 110,000 and 75,000 molecular weight peptides. Thus, both 8 S forms of progesterone receptor contain 90,000 molecular weight peptides which do not bind progesterone, and each 8 S form contains a separate form of progesterone-binding peptide. When receptor is purified from oviduct minces incubated with [32P]orthophosphate, autoradiography indicates the presence of 32P in the 90,000 and 110,000 molecular weight peptides and in a peptide which appears to be slightly larger than 75,000 and may be a more highly phosphorylated fraction of the 75,000 molecular weight peptide. Thus, three separate peptides have been identified as components of the 8 S form of progesterone receptor, and all three appear to exist as phosphoproteins. PMID- 6539779 TI - Purification and characterization of the major species of tyrosine protein kinase in rat liver. AB - The major species of tyrosine protein kinase of rat liver, has been purified to near homogeneity from liver cytosol. When the kinase was incubated with MnCl2 and [gamma-32P]ATP, two phosphoproteins with molecular masses of 72 and 75 kilodaltons were observed. The purified kinase, called p75 kinase, phosphorylates [Val5]angiotensin II, casein, vinculin, and a 34-kilodalton protein isolated from chicken embryo fibroblasts. However, it does not phosphorylate histones or IgG from Rous sarcoma virus tumor-bearing rabbits. The kinase does not contain any of the major antigenic determinants found in retroviral tyrosine protein kinases or in epidermal growth factor-receptor kinase. p75 kinase activity, as well as viral tyrosine protein kinase activity, is stimulated by heparin. Phosphorylation of angiotensin is also stimulated by high ionic strength. In contrast, casein phosphorylation by the kinase appeared to be inhibited by high salt. Kinetic properties of p75 kinase have been determined and have revealed some striking differences from those of most other tyrosine protein kinases. For instance, p75 kinase exhibits rather stringent dependence for its activity on ATP as phosphoryl donor and Mn2+ as divalent cation. PMID- 6539781 TI - Role of the cytoskeleton in the formation, stabilization, and removal of acetylcholine receptor clusters in cultured muscle cells. AB - We have examined the effects of microtubule- and microfilament-disrupting drugs on the stability, formation, and removal of acetylcholine (ACh) receptors and ACh receptor clusters on the surface of aneurally cultured chick embryonic myotubes. (a) In muscle cell cultures, cytochalasin D (0.2 microgram/ml) or B (2.0 micrograms/ml) causes the dispersal of 50-60% of the existing clusters over a 24 h period (visualized with rhodamine-conjugated alpha-bungarotoxin); Colcemid (0.5 micrograms/ml) has no affect on these clusters. The total number of cell surface ACh receptors does not decline during this period (measured by [125I]alpha bungarotoxin binding) in the presence of either drug. (b) When cells are treated with biotinylated alpha-bungarotoxin and fluorescent avidin, ACh receptors are cross-linked and rapidly internalized (Axelrod, D., 1980, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA., 77: 4823-4827). Within 6 h, I have found that 0-15% of the existing large clusters remain. Cytochalasin D or B had no effect on this removal of clusters; however, Colcemid completely prevented the removal of clusters from the cell surface. (c) Addition of chick brain extract to chick myotubes causes an increase in the synthesis and clustering of ACh receptors (Jessell et al., 1979, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 76: 5397-5401). Cytochalasin D caused a slight increase in the number of receptors synthesized in the presence of brain extract whereas Colcemid had no effect on the synthesis and insertion of new receptors into the plasma membrane induced by the brain extract. However, both drugs prevented the increase in the number of receptor clusters. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that receptor clusters are stabilized by actin-containing filaments, but that the movement of receptors in the plane of the membrane requires Colcemid-sensitive microtubules. PMID- 6539780 TI - Induction of chondrogenesis in limb mesenchymal cultures by disruption of the actin cytoskeleton. AB - Cell shape is known to influence the chondrogenic differentiation of cultured limb bud mesenchyme cells (Solursh, M., T. F. Linsenmayer, and K. L. Jensen, 1982, Dev. Biol., 94: 259-264). To test whether specific cytoskeletal components mediate this influence of cell shape, we examined different cytoskeleton disrupting agents for their ability to affect chondrogenesis. Limb bud cells cultured at subconfluent densities on plastic substrata normally become flattened, contain numerous cytoplasmic microtubules and actin bundles, and do not undergo spontaneous chondrogenesis. If such cultures are treated with 2 micrograms/ml cytochalasin D during the initial 3-24 h in culture, the cells round up, lose their actin cables, and undergo chondrogenesis, as indicated by the production of immunologically detectable type II collagen and a pericellular Alcian blue staining matrix. Cytochalasin D also induces cartilage formation by high-density cultures of proximal limb bud cells, which normally become blocked in a protodifferentiated state. In addition, cytochalasin D was found to reverse the normal inhibition by fibronectin of chondrogenesis by proximal limb bud cells cultured in hydrated collagen gels. Agents that disrupt microtubules have no apparent effect on the shape or chondrogenic differentiation of limb bud mesenchymal cells. These results suggest an involvement of the actin cytoskeleton in controlling cell shape and chondrogenic differentiation of limb bud mesenchyme. Interactions of the actin cytoskeleton and extracellular matrix components may provide a regulatory mechanism for mesenchyme cell differentiation into cartilage or fibrous connective tissue in the developing limb. PMID- 6539782 TI - Intercompartmental transport in the Golgi complex is a dissociative process: facile transfer of membrane protein between two Golgi populations. AB - The transfer of the vesicular stomatitis virus-encoded glycoprotein (G protein) between Golgi populations in fused cells (Rothman, J. E., L. J. Urbani, and R. Brands. 1984. J. Cell Biol. 99:248-259) is exploited here to study and to help define the compartmental organization of the Golgi stack and to characterize the mechanism of intercompartmental transport. We find that G protein that has just received its peripheral N-acetylglucosamine in the Golgi complex of one cell is efficiently transferred to the Golgi complex of another cell to receive galactose (Gal). Remarkably, this transport occurs at the same rate between these two compartments whether they are present in the same or different Golgi populations. Therefore, a dissociative (presumably vesicular) transport step moves G protein from one part of the Golgi in which N-acetylglucosamine is added to another in which Gal is added. Minutes later, upon receiving Gal, the same G protein molecules are very poorly transferred to an exogenous Golgi population after cell fusion. Therefore, once this intercompartmental transfer has already taken place (before fusion), it cannot take place again (after fusion); i.e., transport across the compartment boundary in the Golgi complex that separates the sites of N-acetylglucosamine and Gal incorporation is a vectorial process. We conclude that transfers between Golgi cisternae occur by a stochastic process in which transport vesicles budding from cisternae dissociate, can diffuse away, and then attach to and fuse with the appropriate target cisterna residing in the same or in a different stack, based on a biochemical pairing after a random encounter. Under these circumstances, a transported protein would almost always randomize among stacks with each intercisternal transfer; it would not progress systematically through a single stack. Altogether, our studies define three sequential compartments in the Golgi stack. PMID- 6539783 TI - Early cytoplasmic specialization at the presumptive acetylcholine receptor cluster: a meshwork of thin filaments. AB - Postsynaptic differentiation can be experimentally induced in cultured Xenopus myotomal muscle cells by polyornithine-coated latex beads (Peng, H. B., and P.-C. Cheng, 1982, J. Neurosci., 2:1760-1774). In this study, we examined the time course of this process. Small, punctate acetylcholine receptor (AChR) clusters were detectable as early as 1.5 h after the addition of the beads. Subsequently, both the size and the number of the clusters increased with time until a saturation level was reached between 8-24 h. Because the onset and the site of the AChR clustering could be precisely marked, we were able to examine the early structural specializations associated with presumptive AChR clusters. At 1 h, when less than 20% bead-muscle contacts displayed AChR clusters, 70% of the contacts already exhibited a meshwork of 5-6-nm filaments, which were of the same size as the thin filaments within the myofibrils and thus may contain actin. A system of cisternae similar to the smooth endoplasmic reticulum was suspended within this meshwork, but other organelles were excluded from it. This meshwork, being the earliest cytoplasmic specialization at the presumptive AChR clusters and appearing before the clusters, may be a mechanism for the clustering process. PMID- 6539786 TI - Demonstration of microsomal oxygenation of the benzo ring of 6 nitrobenzo[a]pyrene by thin-layer chromatography. AB - To explain the biological activity of 6-nitrobenzo[a]pyrene (6-nitroBaP), male Sprague-Dawley rats were induced with 3-methylcholanthrene. Liver microsomes were incubated with magnesium chloride, an NADPH generating system and 6-nitroBaP in acetone. The mixture was chilled under oxygen-free argon gas and protein was precipitated with an equal volume of cold methanol containing triethylamine. Protein was further precipitated with zinc and sodium sulfate and centrifuged. Both the sediment and the supernatant were extracted with benzene and ethyl acetate. The organic extract was washed with water, 2% sodium hydroxide solution, water and then dried with anhydrous sodium sulfate. Solvents were removed and the residue was chromatographed on silica gel plates with hexane containing increasing amounts of benzene. The UV and mass spectra of products were examined. Liver microsomal metabolites of 6-nitroBaP consisted of 7,8- and 9,10 dihydrodiols and also benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) and BaP-quinones. cis-Forms of 6 nitroBaP-7,8- and -9,10-dihydrodiols were synthesized. PMID- 6539784 TI - Colchicine-binding activity distinguishes sea urchin egg and outer doublet tubulins. AB - The colchicine-binding activity of tubulin has been utilized to distinguish the tubulins from two distinct microtubule systems of the same species, the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus. We have analyzed the colchicine-binding affinities of highly purified tubulins from the unfertilized eggs and from the flagellar outer doublet microtubules by van't Hoff analysis, and have found significant differences in the free energy, enthalpy, and entropy changes characterizing the binding of colchicine to the two tubulins. The data indicate that significant chemical differences in the tubulins from the two functionally distinct microtubule systems exist, and that the differences are expressed in the native forms of the tubulins. Our findings are discussed in terms of the possibility that the colchicine-binding site may be an important regulatory site on the tubulin molecule. PMID- 6539787 TI - Histopathology and pathogenesis of mouse mastitis induced with Staphylococcus aureus mutants. AB - Mammary glands of mice were inoculated with a well-defined strain of Staphylococcus aureus or with derived mutants lacking alpha-haemolysin, coagulase or protein A, in order to evaluate the pathogenicity of these factors. Alpha haemolysin-negative and coagulase-negative mutants showed less virulence than the wild-type strain. Various protein A-negative mutants gave contradictory results. The lesions ranged from consistently non-reactive necrosis of the entire mammary gland to a limited inflammatory reaction. The necroses, especially when affecting the whole mammary gland, were mostly associated with vascular lesions. Because the necroses were non-reactive, the vascular lesions were considered to be primary, but they could not be linked exclusively with the effect of alpha haemolysin and a multifactorial aetiology seemed most probable. After inoculation with coagulase-lacking bacteria the development of parenchymal lesions was delayed, hypothetically because of increased phagocytic activity. The investigation indicated that protein A could have influenced the pathogenesis of the lesions, since all but one of the mutants lacking protein A showed low virulence, whereas a high protein A-producing, haemolysin-negative mutant was as virulent as the wild-type strain. A connection between protein A, bacterial adherence and bacterial growth rate is therefore conceivable. The possibility cannot be excluded, however, that during mutagenesis some as yet unknown cell surface factors were affected. PMID- 6539785 TI - A membrane cytoskeleton from Dictyostelium discoideum. II. Integral proteins mediate the binding of plasma membranes to F-actin affinity beads. AB - In novel, low-speed sedimentation assays, highly purified, sonicated Dictyostelium discoideum plasma membrane fragments bind to F-actin beads (fluorescein-labeled F-actin on antifluorescein IgG-Sephacryl S-1000 beads). Binding was found to be (a) specific, since beads containing bound fluorescein labeled ovalbumin or beads without bound fluorescein-labeled protein do not bind membranes, (b) saturable at approximately 0.6 microgram of membrane protein per microgram of bead-bound F-actin, (c) rapid with a t1/2 of 4-20 min, and (d) apparently of reasonable affinity since the off rate is too slow to be measured by present techniques. Using low-speed sedimentation assays, we found that sonicated plasma membrane fragments, after extraction with chaotropes, still bind F-actin beads. Heat-denatured membranes, proteolyzed membranes, and D. discoideum lipid vesicles did not bind F-actin beads. These results indicate that integral membrane proteins are responsible for the binding between sonicated membrane fragments and F-actin on beads. This finding agrees with the previous observation that integral proteins mediate interactions between D. discoideum plasma membranes and F-actin in solution (Luna, E.J., V. M. Fowler, J. Swanson, D. Branton, and D. L. Taylor, 1981, J. Cell Biol., 88:396-409). We conclude that low speed sedimentation assays using F-actin beads are a reliable method for monitoring the associations between F-actin and membranes. Since these assays are relatively quantitative and require only micrograms of membranes and F-actin, they are a significant improvement over other existing techniques for exploring the biochemical details of F-actin-membrane interactions. Using F-actin beads as an affinity column for actin-binding proteins, we show that at least 12 integral polypeptides in D. discoideum plasma membranes bind to F-actin directly or indirectly. At least four of these polypeptides appear to span the membrane and are thus candidates for direct transmembrane links between the cytoskeleton and the cell surface. PMID- 6539788 TI - Perianal orf. AB - The parapox viral infection orf is usually diagnosed without difficulty when the lesions have the characteristic morphology and there is an appropriate history of contact with sheep. Two cases of orf in a perineal location in young children are presented to illustrate modification of the physical signs by flexural occluded sites. Electron microscopy of scrapings from the lesions established the diagnosis. PMID- 6539789 TI - Treatment technics in argon laser therapy. AB - This study compares 50 msec and 200 msec laser pulses with continuous application of the argon laser to test sites within port-wine stains (PWS). It also assesses the effects of different irradiance, energy fluence, and spatial average energy fluence on PWS lightening. Test areas responded with diminution of lesional color and lack of scarring as well as or better than to laser treatment by continuous exposure. Despite differences in irradiance and energy fluence for each laser impulse, the total energy delivered to all test areas was similar. There appeared to be no greater specificity for destruction of vascular structures conferred by using the short, 50-msec pulse duration. Operation of the argon laser with continuous irradiation leads to good clinical results, is less tiring and easier for the laser surgeon, allows larger areas to be treated more quickly, and often produces less mottling and more uniform PWS lightening than does pulsed irradiation. PMID- 6539790 TI - Comparison of NMR and CT imaging in the evaluation of metastatic retroperitoneal lymphadenopathy from testicular carcinoma. AB - Twenty-five patients with nonseminomatous germ cell carcinoma of the testis underwent CT and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) of the retroperitoneum followed by radical retroperitoneal lymph node dissection for surgical proof of metastatic disease. Computed tomography correctly predicted the presence or absence of adenopathy in 88% and assigned the correct stage in 84%. Nuclear magnetic resonance had comparable figures of 84 and 80%. Computed tomography appeared superior to NMR in detecting other abdominal abnormalities, although these were few in number. Nuclear magnetic resonance is nearly equivalent to CT in staging retroperitoneal lymphadenopathy from testicular cancer and may surpass CT following technical advances and the introduction of oral contrast agents. PMID- 6539791 TI - Effects of propionic acid added to supplemental corn on utilization of complete ensiled diets by lactating dairy cows. AB - Two bottom unloading silos were filled with alternate loads of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) and ground shelled corn grain mix (1:5, grain:forage, wet basis) to determine effects of propionic acid added to supplemental corn on performance of lactating dairy cow consuming a complete ensiled diet. One silo received grain mix containing 1% propionic acid. Each of two groups of six lactating cows was fed one of the complete ensiled diets supplemented with high moisture corn, dried shelled corn, or no supplemental corn for 4 mo. Cows that consumed the acid treated diet produced less milk, fat, and protein than cows consuming the untreated diet. Supplemental high moisture corn and dried shelled corn increased milk and protein yields, and high moisture corn increased fat yields compared to the unsupplemented. Daily variation of the ratio of grain:forage indicated that alternate load additions of forage and grain resulted in poor mixing of ration components and may be related to some of the differences in performance. PMID- 6539792 TI - Attention deficit disorder in three pairs of monozygotic twins: a case report. PMID- 6539793 TI - Making a difference in research. PMID- 6539794 TI - [Sterility caused by protein deficiency: the role of prolactin]. AB - The first piece of research was made on mice in order to try to determine the importance of the ration of protein in the food in the maintenance of pregnancy and the mechanism by which protein lack leads to sterility. Five groups of 100 couples were given diets which contained 23.5%, 12.48%, 10.50%, 7.01% and 0% of protein respectively over a period of 100 days. The drop in the percentage of protein was obtained by adding detoxicated cassava flour and the diet without any protein was made up of starch, maize oil, mineral salts and vitamins. The number of litterings per 100 couples was only lowered when the diet was down to 7.01% of protein and at the same time it was only with this diet that one found a significant reduction in the number of young per litter. When the diet had no protein in it at all no young were born at all. Pregnant rats were fed diets which contained 23.5%, 7.01% or no protein at all. In this last diet we watched to stop coprophagia. There was very little difference in the number of implantations and young born with a diet of 7.01% of protein but a very significant drop with the diet without protein. With this last diet was very little significant difference in the series whether one had watched to stop coprophagia or not. An injection of 10 I.U. of HCG from the 3rd to the 13th day of pregnancy in rats fed a protein-free died did not alter significantly the number of implantations and did lead to complete resorption of the embryos.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6539795 TI - [Spontaneous rupture of an aneurysm of the splenic artery in pregnancy. Apropos of a new case]. AB - The authors report a case of a two para who was admitted as an emergency after collapsing at the end of her pregnancy. Various clinical examinations carried out on admission showed that she was in a state of hypovolemic shock with a marked drop in her blood pressure and a fast pulse as well as pain in the left hypochondrium radiating up to her shoulder. From the obstetrical point of view, there had been no bleeding and no uterine contractions and the fetal heart tracing showed a rate of 135. After intensive efforts at resuscitation an urgent laparotomy was carried out with as a first step Caesarian section which confirmed that there was no pathology in the placenta or uterus, followed by exploration of the abdominal cavity which revealed a large retro-peritoneal haematoma together with a ruptured aneurysm in the hilum of the spleen. Splenectomy was carried out after haemostasis of the splenic pedicle had been performed and this allowed her to recover without complications. Following this case the authors looked up the world literature and confirmed that the pathology was classic but very rare indeed, there being only 66 published cases. As far as its aetiology was concerned this aneurysm is not the same as a classical splenic aneurysm. The development of the aneurysm seems to take place during the pregnancy and the reason for this arterial aneurysm and its rupture in unknown. A theory has been advanced that circulatory and haemodynamic factors acquired in pregnancy reveal the congenital factor that is already present.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6539797 TI - The impact of prospective payment: a multi-dimensional analysis of New Jersey's SHARE program. AB - The SHARE program, which set per diem prospective rates for New Jersey hospitals during the period 1975-1982, is evaluated. Analysis suggests that this program did contain hospital cost increase. However, the program threatened the viability of most inner-city hospitals. Indirect evidence suggests that there was cost shifting in response to this program, which regulated payment for only Blue Cross and Medicaid patients. Structural features of this program and its successor, the New Jersey DRG program, are analyzed; and implications for the Medicare prospective payment system are examined. PMID- 6539796 TI - [Idiopathic thrombopenic purpura and pregnancy]. AB - Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura occurring in pregnancy has a risk for the fetus of severe thrombocytopenia. The handling of these cases obstetrically is controversial. Our experience and that derived from reading the literature suggests that counting the number of maternal platelets does not reflect on the risk for the fetus and the neonate. On the other hand it does seem that estimating the levels of circulating platelet antibodies in the maternal plasma does give an indication of platelet destruction in the fetus. Corticosteroid treatment improves greatly the number of maternal platelets and is probably good treatment for the fetus in utero. Giving gamma-globulins intravenously to the pregnant woman or to the newborn is an interesting therapeutic measure seeing how it is free of danger. How useful this treatment is in pregnancy has yet to be determined. PMID- 6539798 TI - Supplemental zinc restores antibody formation in cultures of aged spleen cells. AB - The in vitro production of antibody to T-dependent antigens is depressed as a function of age. The addition of supplemental zinc to cultures of cells from young adult, middle-aged, and immunodepressed-aged mice enhances antibody production. The responses of young mice are enhanced 30 to 40%, but the responses in cultures from aged mice are increased 5- to 12-fold and the maximum response achieved is often equivalent to that of young, fully competent mice. The addition of zinc at varying times during the culture period suggests that zinc affects early events in the activation of antibody-forming cells. PMID- 6539799 TI - Autoimmune mice develop antibodies to thymic hormone: production of anti-thymulin monoclonal autoantibodies from diabetic (db/db) and B/W mice. AB - Monoclonal autoantibodies specific for the thymic hormone thymulin (FTS-Zn) were obtained by cell fusion with the use of spleen cells from nonimmunized autoimmune B/W or diabetic (db/db) mice and myeloma cells. Culture supernatants were screened for their ability to inhibit in vitro and in vivo the biologic activity of synthetic and natural hormone and to bind specifically to thymic epithelial cells in indirect immunofluorescence. This binding was completely abolished by preincubation of the antibodies with the synthetic hormone. These monoclonal autoantibodies were shown by double labeling experiments to bind the same thymic epithelial cells as the antithymulin monoclonal antibodies prepared by immunization with thymic epithelial cells. These autoantibodies directed against the low m.w. thymic hormone thymulin do not explain the low thymulin serum level found in those mice because there is a concomitant decrease in the number of thymulin-containing cells in the thymus, but they could play a role in the maintenance of T lymphocyte defects observed in these mice. PMID- 6539800 TI - A biological study on ova of Enterobius vermicularis. PMID- 6539801 TI - [Problems in adolescent pregnancy]. PMID- 6539802 TI - [A case of myasthenia gravis associated with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura]. PMID- 6539803 TI - Molecular characterization of a deletion mutation affecting the alpha'-subunit of beta-conglycinin of soybean. AB - A naturally occurring variety of soybean Glycine max cv. Keburi, which lacks the alpha'-subunits of the 7S seed storage protein (beta-conglycinin), was recently described by Kitamura and Kaizuma. Keburi beta-conglycinins contain a normal complement of alpha-, beta-, and gamma-subunits that accumulate in a temporally and spatially regulated manner comparable to that of the standard cultivar Provar. Poly(A)+ RNA isolated from mid-to-late maturation stage Keburi seeds was translated in vitro, yielding products equivalent to those of Provar poly(A)+ RNA except that Keburi mRNA did not produce the pre-alpha'-subunit polypeptide. The basis of the Keburi phenotype was determined by examining genomic DNA using Southern blot hybridization. Restriction fragments isolated from a cloned 11.5 kb EcoRI fragment of genomic DNA containing a normal alpha'-subunit gene (Gmg 17.1) were used as hybridization probes. Sequences far upstream of the alpha'-subunit gene were present in both Provar and Keburi cultivars. However, hybridization reactions with probes from within the gene demonstrated that a deletion had occurred in Keburi DNA beginning immediately 5' to the alpha'-subunit gene represented on this 11.5 kb fragment. The deletion extends through most of the coding sequences, producing the Keburi phenotype. PMID- 6539805 TI - Release of oxytocin and vasopressin by magnocellular nuclei in vitro: specific facilitatory effect of oxytocin on its own release. AB - The release of endogenous oxytocin and vasopressin by rat paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei in vitro during a 10-min period, 30 min after beginning the incubation, was measured radioimmunologically. Mean basal hormone release per 10 min and per pair of nuclei was: 128.4 +/- 12.4 (S.E.M.) pg vasopressin (n = 15) and 39.0 +/- 3.0 pg oxytocin (n = 66) for supraoptic nuclei from male rats; 273.9 +/- 42.6 pg vasopressin (n = 11) and 34.2 +/- 3.5 pg oxytocin (n = 15) for supraoptic nuclei from lactating rats; 70.0 +/- 8.6 pg vasopressin (n = 52) and 21.8 +/- 1.3 pg oxytocin (n = 68) for paraventricular nuclei from male rats; 59.1 +/- 8.6 pg vasopressin (n = 10) and 27.0 +/- 4.6 pg oxytocin (n = 16) for paraventricular nuclei from lactating rats. In male and lactating rats, both nuclei contained and released more vasopressin than oxytocin. For oxytocin alone, the paraventricular nucleus of male rats contained and released significantly less hormone than the supraoptic nucleus. This difference was not apparent in lactating rats. For vasopressin alone, the paraventricular nucleus contained and released significantly less hormone than the supraoptic nucleus in both male and lactating rats. When the hormone released was calculated as a percentage of the total tissue content the release was about 0.9% for oxytocin from both nuclei in male and lactating rats and also for vasopressin in lactating rats, but was only about 0.5% for vasopressin from both nuclei in male rats. The influence of oxytocin and analogues of oxytocin (including one antagonist) upon the release of oxytocin and vasopressin was studied. Adding oxytocin to the incubation medium (0.4-4 nmol/1 solution) induced a dose-dependent rise in oxytocin release from both nuclei of male or lactating rats. A 4 nmol/l solution of isotocin had a similar effect to a 0.4 nmol/l solution of oxytocin, but arginine-vasopressin never affected basal release of oxytocin. In no case was vasopressin release modified. An oxytocin antagonist (1 mumol/l solution) significantly reduced basal oxytocin release and blocked the stimulatory effect normally induced by exogenous oxytocin, as did gallopamil hydrochloride (D600, 10 mumol/l solution), a Ca2+ channel blocker, or incubation in a Ca2+-free medium. These findings are discussed in relation to the literature on the central effects of neurohypophysial peptides. It may be concluded that the regulatory role of endogenous oxytocin in the hypothalamus on the milk-ejection reflex could result from its local release in the extracellular spaces of magnocellular nuclei. PMID- 6539804 TI - Soya--a dietary source of the non-steroidal oestrogen equol in man and animals. AB - The dietary origin of the weak oestrogen equol (7-hydroxy-3-(4'-hydroxyphenyl) chroman) present in human urine has been investigated using gas chromatography mass spectrometry. Feeding experiments with different food constituents and monitoring the urinary excretion of equol revealed that soya food yields more than 0.1 mg urinary equol/g flour ingested. From this source the glucoside of daidzein (4',7-dihydroxyisoflavone) has been isolated and identified as a precursor of equol. Both equol and daidzein were characterized as monoglucuronide conjugates in human urine and the concentration of urinary equol exceeded the concentrations of the classical oestrogens by 100- to 1000-fold after ingestion of a single meal containing soya protein. The potential biological significance of this result is discussed. PMID- 6539806 TI - Induction by reinforcer schedules. AB - Traditional strategies for determining whether a reinforcer schedule enhances the occurrence of an activity are reviewed and critically evaluated. A basic assumption underlying these strategies is that it is possible to isolate the effect of reinforcer intermittency on schedule induction. It is concluded that this is not, in fact, possible. An alternative approach is proposed that emphasizes the inductive effects of the reinforcer schedule as a unit and the effects of particular aspects of the reinforcer schedule (e.g., interreinforcer interval, repetition of the reinforcer, reinforcer magnitude). PMID- 6539807 TI - [Urethrovaginal atresia. Prenatal form and in utero case finding]. AB - Necropsy of a 20 weeks born fetus. Horse shoe kidney. Atresia of the urethra at of the vagina. PMID- 6539808 TI - A simple method for the inactivation of monofunctionally DNA-bound cis diamminedichloroplatinum (II). AB - The effects of inorganic salts on the binding of cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II) (= cis-Pt) to salmon sperm DNA have been investigated for various concentrations of NaCl, NaHCO3, and NH4HCO3. In concentrations of 0.01 M or higher, all three salts strongly inhibit the binding to DNA. However, only NH4HCO3, which may generate NH3, is able to block irreversibly the reactive coordination sites of cis-Pt. This was shown when monofunctionally bound cis-Pt-dGMP was treated with the salts, followed by incubation with an excess of dGMP, after dilution to reduce the salt concentration. The results indicated that monofunctionally bound cis-Pt-dGMP was preserved during the incubation with the excess of dGMP, when NH4HCO3 was used during the pretreatment. Similar treatments with NaCl or NaHCO3, on the other hand, could not prevent the subsequent formation of the bifunctionally bound adduct cis-Pt(NH3)2(dGMP)2. Evidence is given for the formation of Pt(NH3)3dGMP upon treatment of monofunctionally bound cis-Pt-dGMP with NH4HCO3. PMID- 6539810 TI - Familial intermittent ataxia with possible X-linked recessive inheritance. Two patients with abnormal pyruvate metabolism and a response to acetazolamide. AB - Five males in one kindred suffered from intermittent ataxia and one female may have been more mildly affected. The pattern of inheritance strongly suggests X linkage. Cerebral pathology in one case had some features of Leigh's disease. A defect in pyruvate metabolism was found in two cases. Acetazolamide gave a temporary clinical and biochemical improvement in two cases. PMID- 6539809 TI - Studies on Aristolochia III. Isolation and biological evaluation of constituents of Aristolochia indica roots for fertility-regulating activity. AB - An ethanol extract of Aristolochia indica roots decreased fertility in both rats and hamsters when administered postcoitally (days 1-10 and 1-6, respectively). Petroleum ether (A), CHCl3 (B), and aqueous (C) fractions, tested similarly in rats, were inactive and/or toxic. Partition of fraction B afforded non-acidic (D) and acidic (E) fractions. Savinin (1), isolated from fraction D and not previously reported from the Aristolochiaceae , was inactive when administered postcoitally to rats. Aristolochic acid-I (2), reported previously from A. indica and isolated from fraction E, was inactive when administered postcoitally to rats and toxic when administered postcoitally to hamsters. (12S)-7,12- Secoishwaran 12-ol (3), previously reported from A. indica and isolated from fraction A, did not interrupt pregnancy when administered to mice on day 6 of pregnancy. Four additional compounds, aristolic acid (4) [prepared from aristolochic acid-I (2)], methyl aristolate (5) [prepared by methylating aristolic acid (4)], and cis- and trans-p-coumaric acid (both oblate commercially), were similarly tested in mice and found to be inactive. Aristolic acid (4), and the cis- and trans-p-coumaric acids also were inactive when administered postcoitally (days 1-10) to rats. Seven compounds reported previously from A. indica were also isolated, as were a new naphthoquinone, aristolindiquinone (6) (fraction E), and magnoflorine (fraction C). PMID- 6539811 TI - Advanced neuroblastoma: improved response rate using a multiagent regimen (OPEC) including sequential cisplatin and VM-26. AB - Forty-two children, all over one year of age, were given vincristine, cyclophosphamide, and sequentially timed cisplatin and VM-26 (OPEC) or OPEC and doxorubicin (OPEC-D) as initial treatment for newly diagnosed stage III or IV neuroblastoma. Good partial response was achieved in 31 patients (74%) overall and in 28 (78%) of 36 patients whose treatment adhered to the chemotherapy protocol, compared with a 65% response rate achieved in a previous series of children treated with pulsed cyclophosphamide and vincristine with or without doxorubicin. Only six patients, including two of the six children whose treatment did not adhere to protocol, failed to respond, but there were five early deaths from treatment-related complications. Tumor response to OPEC, which was the less toxic of the two regimens, was at least as good as tumor response to OPEC-D. Cisplatin-induced morbidity was clinically significant in only one patient and was avoided in others by careful monitoring of glomerular filtration rate and hearing. Other centers should test the efficacy of OPEC or equivalent regimens in the treatment of advanced neuroblastoma. PMID- 6539812 TI - Comparison of the antiemetic effect of high-dose intravenous metoclopramide and high-dose intravenous haloperidol in a randomized double-blind crossover study. AB - Metoclopramide is an effective antiemetic for cisplatin-induced vomiting when given in parenteral high-dose regimens but not oral low-dose regimens. Metoclopramide was compared to haloperidol, also given in a high-dose parenteral regimen. Patients received two cycles of cisplatin at a dose greater than or equal to 70 mg/m2. Metoclopramide (2 mg/kg intravenous) was given every two hours for five doses beginning one half hour before cisplatin. Haloperidol (3 mg intravenous) was given on the same schedule. A randomized double-blind crossover design was used to control subjective bias and to compare the same patient's experiences. Twenty-eight patients completed both study arms. Excellent control of vomiting was achieved with both drugs. Metoclopramide resulted in 1.92 vomiting episodes (range, 0-5) with 36% having no vomiting. Haloperidol resulted in 3.04 vomiting episodes (range, 0-8) with 20% having no vomiting. Significantly fewer vomiting episodes were noted with metoclopramide rho = .006, paired sign test). However, responses to the two drugs were well correlated (Spearman's rho = .39, P = .03). Metoclopramide and haloperidol are both excellent antiemetics when given in sufficient dosage by an effective route. Metoclopramide does show a mild advantage. However, the positive correlation in response to these agents suggests a common mechanism of action. The ability to identify related antiemetics will be useful in the design of rational combination antiemetic therapy. PMID- 6539814 TI - Effects of multi-dose methylprednisolone sodium succinate administration on injured cat spinal cord neurofilament degradation and energy metabolism. AB - Thirty minutes after experimental spinal cord contusion (500 gm-cm) injury, cats were treated with an initial intravenous dose of either vehicle (V) or 30 mg/kg of Solu-Medrol sterile powder (methylprednisolone sodium succinate; MPSS). Two hours later, cats received a second intravenous injection of either V or 15 mg/kg MPSS, giving three treatment groups: V/V; MPSS/V; MPSS/MPSS. At 4 1/2 hours following injury of the cat lumbar spinal cord, the gray and white matter neurofilament protein content was reduced by over 70% within the injured segment of V/V-treated animals. The three major cat spinal cord neurofilament protein subunits of 200,000, 152,000, and 76,000 daltons were reduced in parallel by the injury. Treatment of cats with a single 30-mg/kg dose of MPSS (MPSS/V) provided a clear, although not significant, protection against neurofilament degradation compared with V/V-treated cats when measured at 4 1/2 hours after injury. The lactic acid content of the injured spinal cord segment at 4 1/2 hours after injury was significantly elevated in both V/V- and MPSS/V-treated cats, while the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content, total adenylates, and energy charge were significantly reduced. The administration of a second intravenous 15-mg/kg dose of MPSS 2 hours after the initial 30-mg/kg dose (MPSS/MPSS) provided complete (p less than 0.01) preservation of neurofilaments within the injured spinal cord segment measured at 4 1/2 hours after injury. The levels of lactate, ATP, total adenylates, and tissue energy charge in MPSS/MPSS-treated cats were not different from those of uninjured spinal cords following laminectomy. The (Na+ + K+)-ATPase activity in the injured spinal segment was enhanced, although highly variable, in MPSS/V-treated animals. On the other hand, spinal cord enzyme activity was significantly and consistently elevated in the MPSS/MPSS-treated group. The results demonstrate that a 30-mg/kg dose of MPSS followed at 2 hours by a 15 mg/kg dose provides significantly better protection against injury-induced ischemia and Ca++-dependent neurofilament degradation than a single 30-mg/kg dose. These findings are in agreement with the spinal cord tissue pharmacokinetics and time-action characteristics of methylprednisolone observed in earlier studies. PMID- 6539813 TI - A phase I-II trial of cisplatin and dichloromethotrexate in squamous cell cancer of the head and neck. AB - Dichloromethotrexate, a dihalogenated analog of methotrexate, is excreted and metabolized by the liver; therefore, blood levels are not dependent on renal function. The possibility that dichloromethotrexate could be given at its maximally tolerated dose in combination with high-dose cisplatin has been evaluated in 30 patients with advanced squamous cell cancer of the head and neck. Overall, this regimen was well tolerated, and 13 of 24 evaluable patients had an objective response to therapy (25% complete response and 29% partial response). The maximum dose of dichloromethotrexate that could be delivered was related to the serum albumin. Patients with an albumin less than 3.8 g/100 mL rarely tolerated doses of 500 mg/m2 or greater. Cisplatin plus dichloromethotrexate is an active drug combination in squamous cell cancer of the head and neck, and deserves further evaluation in randomized studies and in an adjuvant setting. PMID- 6539815 TI - Central nervous system mesenchymal chondrosarcoma. Case report. AB - Local recurrence developed 6 years after the initial resection of an intraspinal meningeal tumor that originally was thought to be an angioblastic meningioma. Histological review of the pathology led to a change of that diagnosis to one of mesenchymal chondrosarcoma. The recurrent vascular tumor was embolized, then totally excised. Because this tumor had malignant features, the patient received irradiation and chemotherapy. No evidence of regrowth has been observed during a period of more than 4 years. Mesenchymal chondrosarcomas of the central nervous system and their treatment are reviewed. PMID- 6539816 TI - First evidence for the occurrence of N delta-acetyl-L-ornithine and quantification of the free amino acids in the cultivated mushroom, Pleurotus ostreatus. AB - The free amino acid profile of the fruiting bodies of Pleurotus ostreatus was studied in detail. The first evidence for the occurrence of N delta-acetyl-L ornithine in the mushroom was presented, and 33 ninhydrin-positive compounds were determined, besides N delta-acetyl-L-ornithine. Alanine, glutamic acid, valine, glutamine, glycine and leucine were predominant protein amino acids occurring in the free form. As regards the non-protein amino acids, ornithine, gamma aminobutyric acid, saccharopine, alpha-aminoadipic acid, ethanolamine, cystathionine, and N-(gamma-glutamyl)ethanolamine were mainly detected. The sum of the nitrogen of the three abundant amino acids, alanine, glutamic acid and ornithine, accounted for about 40% of the total nitrogen in the amino acid fraction. PMID- 6539817 TI - [Sensorineural hearing impairment by combined administration of aminoglycoside drugs, loop diuretics and an anticancer drug (cisplatin)--an experimental study]. PMID- 6539819 TI - Congenital toxoplasmosis in triplets. PMID- 6539818 TI - Cytoskeletal control of nuclear arrangement in Langhans multinucleate giant cells. AB - Examination of the role of the cytoskeleton in macrophage polykarya (multinucleate giant cells) has established that microfilaments and microtubules are interrelated and contractile cytoskeletal components with opposing actions; when critically maintained at equilibrium, they are responsible for maintenance of the highly organized cellular architecture characteristic of Langhans type syncytia. Disruption of the function of these structures by in vitro incubation with cytochalasin B and/or colchicine can result in reversion to a cytoarchitecture which is more typical of the 'foreign body' multinucleate giant cell. These observations strongly reinforce previous suggestions that Langhans multinucleate giant cells are special, more highly organized forms than are 'foreign body' multinucleate giant cells. PMID- 6539820 TI - The separation of Taenia saginata oncospheres from fecal debris. PMID- 6539821 TI - Hatching in vitro of oncospheres of Taenia solium. PMID- 6539822 TI - Experimental Dipetalonema reconditum infections in dogs. PMID- 6539823 TI - [Diarylheptanoids in the bark of Myrica rubra Sieb. et Zucc]. PMID- 6539824 TI - [Characterization of saponin constituents in soybeans of various origins and quantitative analysis of soyasaponins by gas-liquid chromatography]. PMID- 6539825 TI - Late results of optical urethrotomy. PMID- 6539826 TI - Osmium ferricyanide fixation improves microfilament preservation and membrane visualization in a variety of animal cell types. AB - Using a fixation formula which includes adding potassium ferricyanide (K3Fe(CN)6) to the osmium step and an en bloc aqueous uranyl acetate step before dehydration we have looked at cells from mammals, birds, amphibia, algae, and higher plants and we have collaborated in fixing cells of teleost fish. In every cell type except the algae and higher plants the final EM image was improved by the OsFeCN uranium method. The most common improvement was an increase in the membrane contrast but more significantly, some cells show improved preservation of microfilaments. We conclude that the OsFeCN adds contrast to all classes of membrane and does not destroy microfilaments to the extent that osmium alone does. Adding uranyl acetate to the cells may protect delicate filamentous structures from collapse during dehydration and embedding. We have preliminary evidence in PtK1 cells that addition of tannic acid after OsFeCN may function in a similar manner. This method is recommended for any animal cell type where improved visualization of membranes and filaments is required. PMID- 6539827 TI - The VCU-pot: a new device for voiding cystourethrography. AB - We developed a new device, the VCU-pot, for use during voiding cystourethrography. The gourd-shaped chamber urinal, made of vinyl chloride sheets, is placed between the thighs of the patient and suspended from the shoulders with cords. The device relieves patient embarrassment, allows freedom of movement, and is convenient and inexpensive. PMID- 6539828 TI - Bladder neck obstruction in women: a real entity. AB - Bladder neck obstruction in women is rare. Recently, we encountered 3 cases with similar findings. Clinically, the patients had chronic bladder symptoms of obstruction and irritation. The bladder showed trabeculation, diverticula and/or vesicoureteral reflux. Urinary flow rates were poor or absent. Endoscopy was unreliable in evaluating the outlet. The voiding pressure-flow cystourethrography study established the diagnosis. Specific operations to relieve bladder neck obstruction may be justified with proper urodynamic documentation. PMID- 6539829 TI - Tocopherol isomers in intravenous lipid emulsions and resultant plasma concentrations. AB - Conflicting reports exist regarding the relative tocopherol isomer content of Intralipid ranging from 99% as alpha-tocopherol to as much as 90% as gamma tocopherol. Our direct assay of Intralipid as well as plasma levels measured in premature infants receiving Intralipid confirm the existence of a low alpha, high gamma-tocopherol content and imply the need for alpha-tocopherol supplementation in patients receiving Intralipid, particularly the relatively tocopherol deficient premature infant. Furthermore, the observation of abnormal erythrocyte hemolysis test values despite "normal" total tocopherol plasma concentrations may be explained by high plasma levels of non-alpha, biologically less active isomers. The quantitation of tocopherol isomers helps explain this discrepancy and suggests the need for future studies of vitamin E status to employ measurements of tocopherol isomers in reporting results. PMID- 6539830 TI - Delayed hypersensitivity skin testing in elective colorectal surgery and relationship to postoperative sepsis. AB - Delayed hypersensitivity skin testing to five common recall antigens (Varidase, Candida, PPD, Trichophyton, and Mumps) was performed on 50 patients undergoing elective colorectal surgery. Eighteen patients showed an altered response to skin testing (11 relative anergy, seven total anergy) and this group of patients had a significant increase in both total septic complications (p less than 0.001) and major septic complications (p less than 0.05) following operation. Anergy in these patients did not correlate with nutritional status, but it did relate to stage of the tumor in patients with cancer. The low specificity of abnormal delayed hypersensitivity skin testing and its failure to be related to malnutrition limits the practical application of this technique in patients undergoing elective colorectal surgery. PMID- 6539831 TI - Effect of fat emulsions containing medium-chain triglycerides and glucose on ketone body production and excretion. AB - The parenteral application of fat emulsions containing medium-chain triglycerides results in an increase of ketone bodies as expression of the rapid metabolism of medium-chain triglycerides. Although ketoacidosis could not be watched, it should be of advantage to reduce the ketonemia. This might be reached by application of carbohydrates. The simultaneous infusion of glucose--given to 10 healthy persons- together with a 10% fat emulsion containing 75% medium-chain triglycerides almost completely inhibited the increase of ketone bodies in serum and its urinary excretion. Other prosperous metabolic effects, eg, the rapid clearance of the triglycerides from the serum were not affected by this regimen. PMID- 6539832 TI - Restoring patency of thrombosed catheters with cryopreserved urokinase. AB - In order to eliminate wasting vials of urokinase, 5000 U/ml aliquots were reconstituted and frozen. The urokinase remained effective for clearing thrombosed catheters for as long as 9 months. When catheters become occluded, patency can be restored by previously frozen urokinase. PMID- 6539833 TI - Dietary compliance in the short bowel syndrome. AB - Psychologic problems associated with the short bowel syndrome have received limited recognition. The literature has previously considered these problems as due to the underlying condition or its treatment. We present a case illustrating these as well as addressing the problem of compliance to treatment that has been previously neglected. The occurrence of metabolic acidosis in this patient whenever there was not strict dietary adherence to diet provide a ready marker to her noncompliance. PMID- 6539834 TI - Human gradient-layer calorimeter: development of an accurate and practical instrument for clinical studies. AB - A whole body gradient-layer calorimeter was designed for thermophysiologic studies in hospitalized patients. The instrument was assembled in a room adjoining a metabolic ward. The patient lies recumbent on a stretcher which is wheeled into the calorimeter on tracks. Once inside, the patient's head extends through one wall into a clear plastic canopy. The canopy is partially open on one side and is the entry point for fresh air into this open-circuit system. Heat flux transducers in the calorimeter walls, a thermopile in the exit air stream, and a platemeter in conjunction with wet and dry bulb thermometers allow measurement of total, wet, and dry heat losses from the subject. All calorimeter output signals are routed to a microcomputer system which processes the data and provides real-time output of results. A mannequin heat source is used to calibrate the gradient layer. Testing with a variety of wet/dry heat sources indicate total, wet, and dry heat measurements are accurate to within 2-3%. A typical study of resting energy expenditure requires 1 hr, and protocols of up to 6 hr are well tolerated. The calorimeter has proven to be reliable, accurate, and easy to operate. These qualities, combined with good patient tolerance, make it ideal for metabolic studies. PMID- 6539835 TI - [A case of Kasabach-Merritt's syndrome--complete healing by the treatment with glucocorticosteroid alone (per oral administration and intralesional injection)]. PMID- 6539836 TI - [Effect of thromboxane synthetase inhibitors on the action of bronchoactive agents and on arachidonate metabolism in the guinea pig tracheobronchopulmonary system]. PMID- 6539838 TI - [Comparison of ventriculography and computerized tomography in the quantitative evaluation of cardiomyopathies]. PMID- 6539839 TI - [Surgical treatment of various hematologic diseases]. PMID- 6539837 TI - [Urinary hydroxyproline excretion as a marker of bone metastasis in prostatic cancer (II): Correlation between extent of metastatic lesions in whole body bone scintigraphy of patients with prostatic cancer and tumor markers in blood and urine]. PMID- 6539840 TI - [Dynamics of changes in red blood in rats during acute immobilization]. AB - The standard clinical parameters of red blood, morphometric characteristics, membrane resistance and electrolyte balance of red blood cells of white rats exposed to acute immobilization were investigated. It was found that the immobilization of rats in small-size cages produced statistically significant changes in the concentration of ascorbic acid in the adrenals and oxycorticosteroids in plasma, as well as erythrocytosis, reduction of red blood cell size, planocytosis and decrease of intracellular sodium. The above parameters did not return to the norm 24 hours after 3-hour immobilization. It is suggested to use the amount of plasma per red blood cell as a stress-marker in red blood. PMID- 6539842 TI - The sensitivity and specificity of nutrition-related variables in relationship to the duration of hospital stay and the rate of complications. AB - We assessed the nutritional status at the time of hospital admission of 74 patients who were admitted for elective gynecologic or urologic operations. Nutritional assessment included measurement of serum albumin, thyroxine-binding prealbumin, retinol-binding protein, weight-change history, estimate of daily protein and total calorie intake, and a global estimate of nutritional risk. The sensitivity, specificity, false-positive rate, likelihood ratio, and positive predictive value of these nutrition-related variables were analyzed in patients who stayed in the hospital for longer than 10 days and in those patients with recognized complications. In the analysis of patients who remained in the hospital longer than 10 days, the finding of a low serum protein concentration or a low protein intake was most sensitive, and a low serum albumin concentration was the most specific. A receiver-operating-characteristic diagram that depicts the sensitivity and false-positive rates for the single variables and the combinations of variables is probably the most clinically useful summary of our study. Using the information in such a diagram, a clinician might choose variables that are more sensitive to identify hospitalized patients who should receive special nutritional attention in comparison with another clinician who might need fewer false-positive results for a prospective study of nutritional intervention. PMID- 6539841 TI - Role of arterial and cardiopulmonary mechanoreceptors in the regulation of arterial pressure during rest and exercise in conscious dogs. AB - Techniques have been developed to study the role of arterial and vagally innervated cardiopulmonary mechanoreceptors in conscious dogs during rest, exercise, and anxiety or emotional stress. These techniques involve, among others, bilateral reversible vascular isolation of the carotid sinuses and acute reversible interruption of the aortic baroreflex. The carotid sinus, the aortic arch, and the cardiopulmonary receptors tonically inhibit the vasomotor center in the resting dog. The arterial receptors, but not the cardiopulmonary receptors, minimize the lability in arterial pressure at rest and during exercise. During exercise, the arterial baroreceptors are reset to a higher operating point, limit the increase in arterial blood pressure that develops with increasing severity of exercise, and act to return the pressure quickly to the resting level when exercise ceases. The effects on arterial blood pressure are due to reflex changes in total systemic vascular resistance; cardiac output and heart rate are controlled independently of the arterial and cardiopulmonary mechanoreflexes. The cardiopulmonary reflexes have no evident role in the control of arterial pressure during exercise but, in the chronic absence of the arterial baroreflexes, act to decrease the total systemic vascular resistance when exercise ceases. PMID- 6539843 TI - [False pericardial effusion caused by mediastinal hemangiosarcoma]. PMID- 6539844 TI - [Platelet immunoglobulins in immune thrombopenic purpura]. PMID- 6539845 TI - [Total abruption of the placenta in elective cesarean section during epidural blockade]. PMID- 6539846 TI - [Boys operated on for hypospadias are at risk in becoming neurotic men]. PMID- 6539847 TI - Inhibition by estrogen of autofeedback regulation of prolactin secretion. AB - The effect of estradiol-17 beta (E2) on autofeedback regulation of prolactin (PRL) secretion was tested in ovariectomized rats after s.c. implantation of an (E2)-containing or empty silastic capsule, followed by i.v. injection of bovine PRL (b-PRL) or bovine serum albumin (BSA; 500 micrograms/100 g B.W.). Implantation of an E2 capsule (day 0), 2.5 mm or 5.0 mm in length, produced plasma E2 concentrations of 79 +/- 6 (9) and 140 +/- 8 pg/ml (8), respectively. Assay of PRL in plasma samples collected at 1 h intervals between 1100-1800 h on days 3, 4 and 5, after E2 capsule implantation showed a daily afternoon PRL surge. Empty capsule-treated rats did not show any afternoon PRL surge. Injection of b-PRL, but not BSA, at 1200 h on day 3 reduced basal PRL release both on days 3 and 4 in empty capsule-treated rats. In ovariectomized rats treated with a smaller E2 capsule (2.5 mm), b-PRL injection at 1200 h on day 3 reduced the amplitude of the afternoon surge of PRL and the total amount of PRL released on day 4. b-PRL, however, was ineffective in reducing PRL release in rats bearing the large E2 capsule (5.0 mm). These results suggest that high E2 levels in the blood can block the negative feedback action of PRL on PRL release. PMID- 6539849 TI - Clomipramine in premature ejaculation. PMID- 6539848 TI - Narcolepsy: cholinergic receptor changes in an animal model. AB - An inbred colony of narcoleptic doberman pinschers has been analyzed for muscarinic receptor levels in 19 discrete brain regions. In comparison to age matched controls, receptors were generally elevated in the brainstem and reduced in forebrain areas. No changes in receptor binding affinity were detected. The increased receptor levels found in the brainstem suggest that cholinoceptive neurons in this region are hypersensitive and may be involved in the initiation of cataplexy and other aspects of the narcolepsy syndrome. PMID- 6539850 TI - Mushroom poisoning. PMID- 6539851 TI - Laser therapy for age-related macular degeneration. PMID- 6539853 TI - A case of mushroom poisoning from Suillus luteus. AB - Suillus luteus, although often eaten, can cause illness. We describe the sickness and suggest removal of the cuticle before eating. PMID- 6539852 TI - Causes of copulatory failure in beef bulls. AB - A cow in full standing estrus is required to assess a bull's ability to copulate. Insufficient libido is not involved if the bull sniffs the cow's vulva and attempts to mount. Blood or pus exiting the penis or prepuce indicates penile or preputial lacerations or other lesions. Rear foot or stifle lesions, seminal vesiculitis, traumatic reticulitis or lumbar spinal injuries may prevent the bull from mounting. Preputial stenosis, penile adhesions, desensitization, hematomas or deviations, peripreputial abscess, cavernosal shunts, insufficient penile length and occlusions of the cavernosal canals may prevent intromission after mounting. PMID- 6539854 TI - Some properties of amine oxidase from soybean seedlings. PMID- 6539855 TI - Effect of soya consumption on hepatic monooxygenase enzyme system and some lipid parameters in rats. AB - Young male rats were fed with diets containing Hungarian soya products (extruded or granulated soya preparates) as the only source of protein for four weeks. The weight gain of the animals, the cholesterol and triglyceride content of liver and the activity of the hepatic monooxygenase system were studied. 20% soya protein in the diet (either from extruded or from granulated soya products) supplemented with sulphur containing amino acids met the protein requirement of the young growing rats. In a separate experiment the protein depletion-repletion method was used to investigate the effect of Purina 500 E soya protein isolate on the above mentioned parameters. The results indicate that diets containing 20% soya protein are satisfactory for the regeneration of the protein depleted animals. PMID- 6539856 TI - [Diagnostic value of heart biopsy in cardiomyopathy]. PMID- 6539857 TI - Brain acetylcholine during morphine withdrawal. PMID- 6539858 TI - Behavioral testing of progenies of Tx (hypothyroid) and growth hormone-treated Tx rats: an animal model for mental retardation. AB - Virgin Sprague-Dawley Holtzman rats were rendered Tx (hypothyroid) by radiothyroidectomy and maintained on 1.0 microgram T4 (thyroxine) per 100 g BW until pregnant. One-half of these Tx animals were administered 0.5 IU of growth hormone (GH) during the last 10-11 days of gestation as GH secretion is especially deficient in Tx rats. Untreated, food restricted to the level consumed by the Tx-only rats, GH-treated euthyroid, and T4-treated until pregnant animals served as controls. The animals were allowed to go through parturition and each litter was reduced to no more than 6 pups by removing pups for tissue weights and protein analyses at 1 and 5 days of age. The pups were weaned at 22 days of age and 2 animals per litter were utilized for behavioral testing between 40 and 60 days of age. At the end of the behavioral testing period the 60-day-old offspring were sacrificed to obtain tissue weights and protein concentrations. The behavioral tests were based on the ability of the animals to learn a Lashley's type 3 enclosed alley maze and their spontaneous activity was measured in stabilimeter cages. The animals were fasted overnight on alternate days and then given a food reward upon traversing the maze. This allowed for 10 separate trials in both the Lashley maze and the stabilimeters over the 20-day period from 40 to 60 days of age. Our previous studies have shown the fetuses and progenies of Tx only mothers to have multiple metabolic defects including reduced rates of protein synthesis and tissue protein concentrations.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6539859 TI - Behavioural and biochemical alterations in the function of dopamine receptors following repeated administration of L-DOPA to rats. AB - Rats received L-DOPA (40 or 200 mg/kg, i.p.) for 14 days, followed by a 3 day withdrawal period. Spontaneous locomotor activity was not altered by repeated administration of L-DOPA. Rats treated with L-DOPA (200 mg/kg) showed identical locomotor hypoactivity in response to small doses of apomorphine when compared to saline-treated control animals. However, hyperactivity induced by large doses of apomorphine was reduced by prior treatment with L-DOPA (200 mg/kg). The smaller dose of L-DOPA (40 mg/kg) did not alter the locomotion induced by apomorphine. Stereotyped behaviour induced by apomorphine was enhanced by prior treatment with both 40 and 200 mg/kg of L-DOPA. The treatment regimes with L-DOPA had no effect on the concentrations of apomorphine in the striatum. Administration of L-DOPA (40 or 200 mg/kg) followed by withdrawal for 3 days, had no effect on the concentrations of dopamine, homovanillic acid (HVA) or 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) in the striatum. The Bmax and KD for the binding of [3H]spiperone, [3H]N,n-propylnorapomorphine (NPA) and [3H] piflutixol in the striatum was not altered by drug treatment. Similarly, the formation of dopamine-stimulated cyclic AMP in homogenates of striatum was unaltered by repeated administration of L DOPA. Repeated administration of L-DOPA for 14 days in the rat appears to result in altered behaviour mediated by dopamine in the absence of any apparent change in the function of dopamine receptors in the striatum. PMID- 6539860 TI - Subarachnoid and intracerebral hemorrhage: natural history, prognosis, and precursive factors in the Framingham Study. AB - No uniformly accepted hypothesis explains the genesis and rupture of intracranial aneurysms. We followed 5,184 men and women prospectively for 26 years; 36 cases of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) accounted for 62% of all intracranial hemorrhages. Blood pressure before SAH was higher in these patients than in controls. Definite hypertension (greater than or equal to 160 mm Hg and/or greater than or equal to 95 mm Hg) at entry to the study or at closest exam before SAH was more frequent than in controls. Cigarette smoking, particularly heavy smoking, was also more frequent among cases. PMID- 6539862 TI - Serial EEG in intractable epilepsy. AB - We compared serial EEGs performed at admission, discharge, and follow-up (mean, 25 months) to clinical outcome in 70 patients with intractable epilepsy. The diagnosis in each case was confirmed by intensive monitoring. EEG features evaluated were background slowing, focal slowing, and focal, bilateral, or generalized epileptiform discharges. Clinical measures were seizure frequency and medication toxicity. No statistically significant correlations were found between improvement in any EEG feature and any clinical measure. EEG did not predict which patients would benefit from intensive monitoring. Serial EEGs may be of little value in assessing the results of treatment in patients with severe epilepsy. PMID- 6539861 TI - Cerebral blood flow changes in benign aging and cerebrovascular disease. AB - Cross-sectional analysis of CBF values was carried out among 668 volunteers and patients. Subjects were subdivided according to age, gender, and degree of cerebrovascular disease, ranging from healthy volunteers with or without risk factors for stroke to patients with multi-infarct dementia. Four-year longitudinal analysis was also carried out on 230 individuals from the original sample. Decrements in CBF values were evidenced by both cross-sectional and longitudinal analysis in relation to advancing age, progressive cerebrovascular disease, and dementia. Regional, age-related CBF declines in healthy volunteers were heterogeneous, possibly related to changes in levels of functional activity within different brain regions. PMID- 6539863 TI - Human ballistic arm abduction movements: effects of L-dopa treatment in Parkinson's disease. AB - In patients with Parkinson's disease who had never previously been treated with any antiparkinsonism drug, we studied the effects of L-dopa on ballistic arm abduction movement in a step-tracking task. L-Dopa treatment increased the mean velocity of the initial movement towards the target without loss of accuracy and with improved motor performance under open-loop conditions. Performance also improved in motor tasks with expected perturbation. EMG patterns of arm abduction movements showed abnormal features in untreated patients and improved after L dopa treatment. PMID- 6539864 TI - Transient neuropsychological abnormalities (including Gerstmann's syndrome) during cortical stimulation. AB - A patient with intractable partial seizures was intensively studied before surgical removal of the epileptogenic focus. A subdural electrode array was surgically placed over the left temporoparietal cortex to better localize the epileptogenic focus and localize cortical function. In addition to speech and sensory findings, acalculia, agraphia, right-left confusion, and finger agnosia were transiently produced by electrical stimulation in the perisylvian area. These findings and their relationship to the controversy surrounding Gerstmann's syndrome are discussed. PMID- 6539865 TI - Does head-turning during a seizure have lateralizing or localizing significance? AB - Forced lateralized head-turning, occurring as the first clinical sign in 106 epileptic seizures in 43 patients, was recorded on videotape simultaneously with the EEG. Forty-five ictal EEGs were obtained with stereotaxically implanted intracerebral electrodes. Forced head-turning was seen with seizures that had a frontal, temporal, unilateral diffuse, or a generalized onset in the EEG. Ipsilateral was as common as contralateral head-turning in all groups, including the seizures with frontal lobe onset. Initial head-turning in a seizure has no localizing or lateralizing significance. PMID- 6539866 TI - Hemispheric control of the writing hand: the effect of callosotomy in a left hander. AB - We report a case of a left-hander with left hemispheric language. After callosotomy, he could use the left hand to write only random letters and digits, and he became right-handed for writing. Therefore, writing by left-handers with left hemispheric language dominance may be accomplished by transcallosal transmission of the linguistic content from the left hemisphere to the right. PMID- 6539867 TI - Comprehension of affective and nonaffective prosody. AB - We studied patients with damage of either the right (RHD) or left hemisphere (LHD) and control subjects to determine whether the RHD patients had a global or limited prosodic defect. Compared with LHD patients and controls, RHD subjects had decreased comprehension of emotional prosody. Both LHD and RHD groups had more impaired comprehension of propositional prosody than controls, but the RHD and LHD groups did not differ. The right hemisphere, therefore, seems to be dominant for comprehending emotional prosody but not propositional prosody. PMID- 6539868 TI - Lymphocytapheresis in chronic progressive multiple sclerosis: immunologic and clinical effects. AB - We studied the effects of lymphocytapheresis in five patients with chronic progressive MS. Ten lymphocytapheresis treatments were given in 2 weeks, followed by 1 treatment every 2 weeks for 2 to 6 months. Four of five patients had a fall in the circulating lymphocyte count during the initial treatment, and in three patients a modest lymphopenia was sustained with maintenance therapy. In patients with abnormal T4:T8 ratios, no improvement in the T4:T8 ratio occurred. There was no apparent clinical effect in this pilot study. PMID- 6539869 TI - Elderly inpatients: postural reflex impairment. AB - We examined postural reflexes in 50 patients in a geriatric care facility. Patients aged 60 years and older who did not have orthostatic hypotension were subjected to a standing postural perturbation, and the degree of postural instability was recorded. Sixteen patients with leg amputations, recent stroke, and leg deformities were excluded. Of the remaining 34 patients, 44% had severe postural reflex impairment, and 24% had moderate impairment. Although the etiology for postural reflex impairment may be multivariant, the high percentage suggests that postural reflex dysfunction may be an important cause of unexplained falls in the elderly. PMID- 6539870 TI - Visual agnosia without alexia. AB - A 41-year-old man presented with bilateral posterior cerebral artery infarcts. He had visual object agnosia and prosopagnosia with preservation of reading abilities. There was also defective visual memory, topographic orientation, and color perception, as well as simultanagnosia. From the clinical facts and CT findings, it was postulated that bilateral visual-limbic disconnection accounted for the patient's visual agnosia and related disturbances. PMID- 6539871 TI - Ictal visual hallucinations of numerals. AB - We studied three children with benign primary occipital epilepsy who had ictal numerical visual hallucinations. This unusual ictal event may occur in patients with left-sided, right-sided, or bilateral interictal spikes, and such attacks may begin in either occipital lobe. This event seems to be occipital, without limbic participation, although the ictal discharge may spread to limbic structures as the seizure evolves. PMID- 6539872 TI - Miller Fisher syndrome: clinical and electrophysiologic evidence of peripheral origin in 10 cases. AB - Clinical and electrophysiologic data recorded in patients with Fisher syndrome characterized by ophthalmoplegia, ataxia, and areflexia are presented. Cases with limb weakness or pleocytosis in the CSF were excluded, according to Fisher. Ten patients were selected. All had hand and foot numbness. A large amount of protein without cell reaction was found during the third week of illness in serial CSF examinations. EMGs showed very slight limb involvement without spontaneous activity, and in most cases, facial muscles exhibited a denervation pattern. Distal motor nerve conduction velocity on limbs and F wave latencies were normal, whereas the sensory nerve action potentials were altered in all but one case when tested (seven out of eight cases). By means of blink reflex study performed in four patients, no significant pattern of brainstem dysfunction was discovered. The authors discuss the preeminent role of peripheral nerve lesions with regard to the ataxia and ophthalmoplegia. PMID- 6539873 TI - Sensory symptoms in Parkinson's disease. AB - Nineteen of 50 Parkinson patients had sensory complaints of numbness, coldness, burning, or pain. There was no objective sensory loss, and sensory symptoms did not correlate with specific motor or autonomic signs. Symptoms were frequently restricted to the hemiparkinson side and sometimes preceded motor symptoms. Nerve conduction and somatosensory evoked potential studies were normal. PMID- 6539874 TI - Lesions of the putamen and dystonia: CT and magnetic resonance imaging. AB - We studied posthemiplegic hemidystonia in an adult, and generalized dystonia in two children. CT and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies in the adult revealed infarction of the contralateral putamen and, to a much lesser extent, the head of the caudate nucleus. Both children had subacute encephalopathies (possible Leigh's disease), and CT revealed bilateral putamen lesions when generalized dystonia was the predominant clinical disorder. These cases and other reports of symptomatic dystonia suggest that lesions of the putamen correlate with dystonia. PMID- 6539875 TI - Decreased 6-hydroxymelatonin excretion in Korsakoff's psychosis. AB - Mean (+/- SEM) urinary excretion rate of the major melatonin metabolite 6 hydroxymelatonin (micrograms/day) was lower in 7 (2.8 +/- 1.0) of 8 men with Korsakoff's psychosis (KP) than in 15 healthy men (11.4 +/- 1.4). Treatment with the alpha 2-noradrenergic agonist clonidine decreased daily 6-hydroxymelatonin excretion (p less than 0.02). Reduced daily excretion of 6-hydroxymelatonin in KP reflects decreased melatonin synthesis in the pineal gland, perhaps as a residual effect of lesions due to past thiamine deficiency (Wernicke's encephalopathy). PMID- 6539876 TI - Anton's syndrome accompanying withdrawal hallucinosis in a blind alcoholic. AB - During alcohol withdrawal, a man totally blind following ocular trauma experienced formed visual hallucinations ("alcoholic hallucinosis"), the unreality of which he recognized. During these same periods, however, he believed that his vision had been restored, and confabulated descriptions of his surroundings (Anton's syndrome). He was otherwise mentally normal. Anosognosia for blindness can occur episodically or chronically, and with either peripheral or central visual loss; dementia nearly always coexists. The basis of the syndrome is obscure, and its occurrence during alcohol withdrawal, in association with readily acknowledged visual hallucinations and otherwise preserved mentation, has not been previously reported. PMID- 6539877 TI - Verapamil in prophylactic therapy of migraine. AB - We conducted a double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study of verapamil HCl in the prophylaxis of chronic migraine headaches. Verapamil significantly reduced both headache frequency and duration with few side effects. The drug may be useful for a segment of the migraine population refractory to other prophylactic agents or for those who cannot tolerate the side effects of other drugs. PMID- 6539878 TI - Renal handling of free and acylcarnitine in secondary carnitine deficiency. AB - Free and acylcarnitine in serum and urine samples were measured in miscellaneous diseases, including mitochondrial cytopathy with Fanconi's syndrome (MCFS). The urinary concentration of acylcarnitine always exceeded that of free carnitine, and a significant negative correlation was found between the ratio of serum free to acylcarnitine and the ratio of free to acylcarnitine clearance among control and test patients (p less than 0.005). A patient with MCFS excreted large amounts of free carnitine compared with acylcarnitine in urine, which may be attributable to decreased reabsorption of free carnitine in renal tubules. PMID- 6539880 TI - Pergolide in the treatment of Parkinson's disease. AB - Pergolide, a long-acting central dopamine agonist, was used as monotherapy in 16 parkinsonian patients. A mean daily dose of 6.3 mg resulted in 73% improvement of parkinsonian disability. Clinical improvement after acute administration of one dose of pergolide was similar to that observed after levodopa plus a peripheral decarboxylase inhibitor but at a dose 100 times lower (2.2 mg and 200 mg, respectively). The effect lasted twice as long (5 1/2 hours and 2 1/4 hours, respectively). PMID- 6539879 TI - Chronic autonomic failure: CSF and plasma 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol. AB - We measured CSF and plasma levels of 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG) in patients with orthostatic hypotension. Total CSF MHPG levels were significantly lower than normal in patients with either multiple system atrophy (MSA) or idiopathic orthostatic hypotension (IOH). Only IOH patients had low plasma levels of MHPG. Correction of CSF MHPG levels for the contribution from plasma free MHPG provides an index of central norepinephrine metabolism. In MSA, abnormal function of central noradrenergic pathways seems to cause the low CSF MHPG levels. In IOH, the decreased CSF MHPG results from the diminished plasma MHPG levels. PMID- 6539881 TI - AChR antibody titer and clinical response to thymectomy in MG. PMID- 6539882 TI - Epileptic headache. PMID- 6539883 TI - [Medical therapy of pain in oncology]. AB - The authors report data concerning their study on the incidence of pain in advanced neoplastic patients and on the natural history of this symptom. They also report their experience in the treatment of solid tumours with non steroidal antiinflammatory drugs (Zomepirac, acetylsalicylic acid, Diflunisal, Ketoprofen) with a synthetic progestin (Medroxyprogesterone Acetate employed by authors at high or at very high doses for the first time) and with morphine hydrochloride used by oral, rectal, sublingual and nasal route. The authors also indicate the correct strategy of employing these drugs and criteria of evaluating their effectiveness. PMID- 6539884 TI - Second-look laparotomy in stage III epithelial ovarian cancer: clinical variables associated with disease status. AB - Variables associated with a negative second-look laparotomy in patients with stage III epithelial ovarian carcinoma are analyzed. Fifty-six patients were clinically free of disease after systemic chemotherapy and were subjected to second-look laparotomy to assess tumor status. Eighteen of these patients (32.1%) had no evidence of malignancy. Eight (14.3%) additional patients with no gross evidence of disease at laparotomy had microscopic persistence; five of these had disease documented in the pelvic or para-aortic lymph nodes. Significant variables associated with a histologically and cytologically negative second-look operation were low tumor grade (P less than .01), the use of cis-platinum containing combination chemotherapy (P less than .01), patient age less than or equal to 50 years (P less than .02), small residual tumor (less than 0.5 cm) before chemotherapy (P less than .05), and metastatic tumor less than or equal to 10 cm before initial cytoreduction (P less than .05). Patients treated with six to nine cycles of combination chemotherapy had the same probability of a negative second-look laparotomy as those treated with ten to 12 cycles. Multivariate discriminate analysis indicated that patients with low tumor grade, those receiving cis-platinum containing combination chemotherapy, and those with minimal residual tumors (less than 0.5 cm) after primary cytoreductive surgery correctly classify second-look status in 78.6% of patients. Until a nonsurgical method of monitoring subclinical disease is available, a through second-look laparotomy, including a pelvic and para-aortic lymphadenectomy, should be performed. PMID- 6539885 TI - Amniotic membranes as a temporary wound dressing in necrotizing fasciitis. AB - A diabetic patient was seen at Magee-Womens Hospital with a vulvar abscess extending to the abdomen. Necrotizing fasciitis was diagnosed at operation, and the involved tissue was widely excised. The authors describe the successful use of amniotic membranes as a temporary wound dressing. The benefits of this method over conventional gauze dressings are easy availability, better adherence to the wound, less pain, and negligible cost to the patient. PMID- 6539886 TI - [Electroretinography in the dynamics of diabetic retinopathy before and after laser coagulation]. PMID- 6539887 TI - Localized retinectomy indications in the treatment and prevention of retinal detachment. AB - Retinectomy can be helpful in several cases: retinal inversion and giant tears when the edges are rolled up, and when vitreous strands are implanted on to pieces of the tear flaps; the approach to the subretinal area (subretinal glial strands, subretinal fluid drainage, subretinal foreign bodies); nondissectable areas of retinal retraction (retinal incarceration, vitreo-retinal proliferation, etc.). Most of these retinectomies have to be supplemented by vitrectomy followed by a silicone oil injection, with peroperatory cryotherapy or argon laser photocoagulation. PMID- 6539888 TI - Metastatic carcinoma of the iris and ciliary body simulating iridocyclitis. AB - 3 cases of metastatic carcinoma of the iris and ciliary body simulating iridocyclitis are reported. The importance of cytological examination of the aqueous humor or iris biopsy is emphasized in cases of refractory iridocyclitis. PMID- 6539890 TI - Reflections from a file drawer. PMID- 6539889 TI - [Pregnancy and immunothrombolytic purpura]. PMID- 6539891 TI - Hospital medical staffs separate legal entities. PMID- 6539892 TI - Update on trigeminal neuralgia management. PMID- 6539894 TI - Business plans for medical practices. PMID- 6539893 TI - Traumatic external biliary fistula. PMID- 6539895 TI - Hyde decision affirms current practice. PMID- 6539896 TI - State trends in blood pressure control. PMID- 6539897 TI - The most unkind cut. PMID- 6539898 TI - New commission's impact revealed. PMID- 6539899 TI - Buying a medical microcomputer. PMID- 6539900 TI - Medicine and industry: friendly spirits with joint concerns. PMID- 6539901 TI - Results after pediatric cardiac catheterization. PMID- 6539902 TI - Controversies in antimicrobial agents for otitis media. Introduction: goals and definitions. PMID- 6539903 TI - Antimicrobial prophylaxis for recurrent acute otitis media. PMID- 6539904 TI - Antimicrobial therapy for otitis media with effusion ("secretory" otitis media). PMID- 6539905 TI - Further studies on 6-mercaptopurine-induced muscle atrophy in rats, mice, and hamsters treated as neonates. AB - In previous studies, we found that Sprague-Dawley rats injected with 6 mercaptopurine monohydrate (6-MP) at 2 mg base/kg sc daily from 2 to 22 days of age had atrophy of thigh and sublumbar muscles when killed at 16 months of age. The first sign of this muscle atrophy was detected grossly (flattened croup with or without paresis) at 12 months of age. In one experiment of the present work, using the same treatment in rats as above, we found that the earliest onset of muscle atrophy observed by light microscopy occurred at 2 months of age. By 4 months the atrophy could be detected grossly. The atrophy did not uniformly involve all muscles of the hindquarters; the thigh (especially the semitendinosus), leg (soleus but not the extensor carpi group), and lumbar vertebral (including the psoas) muscles were involved. Foreleg (biceps), intercostal, and tongue muscles as well as the sciatic nerve and internal organs appeared unaffected. In another experiment, weanling Sprague-Dawley rats given large daily doses of 6-MP from 25 to 45 days of age had normal muscles when killed at 8 months. In a third experiment, Wistar rats injected with 6-MP (2 mg base/kg sc) daily from 2 to 22 days of age and killed at 6 months had muscle atrophy similar to that seen in Sprague-Dawley rats. In the last experiment, mice and hamsters given large daily doses of 6-MP from 2 to 22 days of age had normal muscles when killed at 10 months. It appears from these results that the 6-MP induced muscle atrophy occurs only after treatment during the neonatal period and that the atrophy may be species specific. PMID- 6539906 TI - [Changes in copper and zinc levels in the serum, erythrocytes and urine of patients with retinitis pigmentosa]. PMID- 6539907 TI - [Usefulness of computed tomography (CT) in the diagnosis of portosystemic collaterals in liver cirrhosis]. PMID- 6539908 TI - Relationships between teat characteristics and udder health. A field survey. AB - A field survey in 13 Norwegian dairy herds showed a marked increase in teat size and degree of teat canal eversion during a period of six months while most of the cows were still in the same lactation period. There was a statistically significant relationship between the following variables: teat location (front/rear) and teat length, teat shape and teat size, teat end shape and mastitis prevalence, teat end shape and canal eversion, severe teat canal eversion and mastitis prevalence, teat canal eversion and rough/cracked teat canal, teat canal eversion and teat end oedema, teat end oedema and mastitis prevalence. Many young cows had a normal teat orifice or mild teat canal eversions, but also a greater proportion of young cows had distinct or severe teat canal eversions compared with older cows. PMID- 6539909 TI - Effect of teatcup liner design on teat characteristics and udder health. AB - A 6-month field experiment was carried out to test effects of liner design on teats and udder health. 13 herds with 138 cows participated. The liners tested had mouthpiece and barrel diameters of 24/24 mm (A) and 20/21 mm (B), both were Alfa Laval products. Teat length and diameter measured on unstimulated teats between milkings, were significantly affected by the liner used. Liner A gave 2.6 mm longer and 1.4 mm wider teats than liner B at the end of the experiment. The choice of liner had no effect on the severity of teat canal eversions. CMT-score increased over the period, but no difference between liners was observed when data for all cows were included. For first lactating cows there was a different response in the liner groups, with lowest CMT-scores at the end of the experiment for the narrowest liner (B). Laboratory diagnoses of quarter milk samples revealed no effect of liner when all cows were included. The first calvers, however, had significant lower mastitis prevalence rate in the liner B group at the end of the experiment. A tendency towards lower new infection rate, and fewer clinical mastitis cases was also observed for the narrowest liner (B). PMID- 6539910 TI - [Autoimmune thrombopenic purpura and pregnancy. Absence of thrombopenia in the newborn infant despite the presence of circulating IgG auto-antibody in the mother]. AB - Many pregnant women with AITP bear children with transient thrombocytopenia which is a potentially life threatening complication. Previous reports have demonstrated that monitoring of IgG circulating platelet antibodies may help with the management of these women. We report the case of a pregnant woman with AITP whose sera contained an IgG auto antiplatelet demonstrated by the fluorescein labelled antiglobulin techniques. Steroids had a beneficial effect with a return to a normal of the mother's platelet count but with no disappearance of the circulating antibody. Surprisingly the neonatal platelet count was normal and studies in the baby showed that the antibody had not crossed the placenta in detectable amounts. This case demonstrates our current inability to predict fetal thrombocytopenia and plan the mode of delivery. PMID- 6539912 TI - Prophylactic or anticipatory antiviral therapy for newborns exposed to herpes simplex infection. PMID- 6539911 TI - Evolution of multicellular animals as deduced from 5S rRNA sequences: a possible early emergence of the Mesozoa. AB - The nucleotide sequences of 5S rRNA from a mesozoan Dicyema misakiense and three metazoan species, i.e., an acorn-worm Saccoglossus kowalevskii, a moss-animal Bugula neritina, and an octopus Octopus vulgaris have been determined. A phylogenic tree of multicellular animals has been constructed from 73 5S rRNA sequences available at present including those from the above four sequences. The tree suggests that the mesozoan is the most ancient multicellular animal identified so far, its emergence time being almost the same as that of flagellated or ciliated protozoans. The branching points of planarians and nematodes are a little later than that of the mesozoan but are clearly earlier than other metazoan groups including sponges and jellyfishes. Many metazoan groups seem to have diverged within a relatively short period. PMID- 6539913 TI - Duration of middle ear effusion after acute otitis media. AB - In approximately 50% of young children persistent otitis media with effusion (POME) is found by otoscopic examination or by tympanometry 10 to 14 days after the physician institutes antimicrobial treatment for acute otitis media. Over a 180-day period the course of persistent otitis media with effusion was studied in predominantly middle class, otherwise healthy white children under 3 years of age. One month after POME was first diagnosed, 22 (29%) of the children still had POME. By the second month 11 (14%) of these children still had POME. Only 5 (6%) of the study population had POME which persisted for more than 90 days. The mean duration of POME was 40 days; (median 14 days). These data suggest that in most cases POME is a self-limiting condition when found in young, otherwise healthy, middle class white children. PMID- 6539914 TI - Hypersensitivity to azathioprine in myasthenia gravis. AB - A patient with myasthenia gravis is described who exhibited hypersensitivity including an apparent acute exacerbation of the underlying disorder when treated with azathioprine. 6-mercaptoprine (6-MP) also produced hypersensitivity which, in contrast, did not manifest as a myasthenic exacerbation. PMID- 6539915 TI - Hemodynamic effects of oral smokeless tobacco in dogs and young adults. AB - Oral smokeless tobacco (snuff) is increasingly used among the young male population. To determine cardiovascular effects of an oral smokeless tobacco product, 10 anesthetized dogs were instrumented to measure blood pressure, heart rate, left ventricular end diastolic pressure, and circumflex coronary, renal, and femoral flows. After a 5-min baseline, a 2.5-g, approximately 1.2% nicotine bolus dose was placed in the buccal space, and measurements were made for 20 min. Significant increases were seen in heart rate, blood pressure, left ventricular pressure, left ventricular end diastolic pressure, and left ventricular dP/dt. Significant decreases in flow were noted in the coronary circumflex, renal, and femoral arteries. The flow reduction was thought to have been mediated by an alpha-adrenergic mechanism. Additionally, 20 human males, mean age 20 years, without nicotine exposure for 72 hr, were given a 2.5-g dose of the same oral smokeless product. From baseline to 20 min, heart rate increased from 69 to 88 beats/min (P less than 0.05), blood pressure from 118/72 to 126/78 mm Hg (P less than 0.05). Thus, oral smokeless tobacco use can produce significant hemodynamic changes in both dogs and normal humans. PMID- 6539916 TI - [Prolactin, hydrocortisone and corticosterone content of the peripheral blood of patients with the galactorrhea-amenorrhea syndrome]. AB - The results are presented of studying 17 females with galactorrhea, including 11 with the persisting galactorrhea-amenorrhea-syndrome (PGAS) and 6 with the hypothalamic syndrome (neuroendocrine form) and galactorrhea. It was found that in persons with the hypothalamic syndrome a normal prolactin level and increased hydrocortisone and corticosterone concentrations in the peripheral blood are observed. In patients with the PGAS hyperprolactinemia is accompanied by qualitative and quantitative changes in the adrenocortical hormone content towards rising the corticosterone level. PMID- 6539917 TI - [Diapedetic characteristics of the eosinophilic leukocytes in the uterus of white rats]. AB - Eosinophilic leucocytes, migrating in the uterine tissues during diestrus and proestrus, emigrate into the uterine cavity, being subjected to partial dystrophy. Dystrophy and assimilation of leucocytes, destroyed by the uterine tissues, especially by the endometrium, intensify and prevent emigration during proestrus and oestrus cycles. When the prior leucocyte destruction and assimilation are incomplete, phagocytosis of leucocytes and their fragments is arising, being realized by vacuolized cells of the uterine gland and epithelial lining, acquiring phagocytic properties under estrogen effect. This is the last barrier on their way to the uterine cavity, where the maximum pure genital tract flora is expedient during proestrus and oestrus. It is suggested that uterine leucocytes, representing carriers of biologically active compounds, including hormones, fulfil a transport function. PMID- 6539918 TI - Noninvasive cardiology tools and endpoints in genetic epidemiology: the Framingham Study. PMID- 6539919 TI - Behavioral phenotypes. PMID- 6539920 TI - Suppression of play fighting by amphetamine: effects of catecholamine antagonists, agonists and synthesis inhibitors. AB - Moderate doses of amphetamine and methylphenidate profoundly depress play fighting in juvenile rats. To test the idea that this behavioral effect was dependent on the release of catecholamines (CAs) we administered haloperidol (0.05-0.8 mg/kg), chlorpromazine (0.5-5 mg/kg), phenoxybenzamine (0.5-20 mg/kg) or propranolol (0.5-20 mg/kg) alone or in combination with 0.5 or 1 mg/kg d amphetamine sulfate. None of these CA antagonists reversed the suppression of play fighting (indexed by pinning) caused by amphetamine, but at higher doses haloperidol, chlorpromazine and phenoxybenzamine depressed both pinning and rearing. The presynaptic NE agonist clonidine (0.05-0.2 mg/kg) also failed to block the effects of amphetamine on play; instead it too depressed both pinning and rearing. Finally the CA synthesis inhibitor, alpha-methyltyrosine (total dose: 100 mg/kg) did not attenuate the suppression of play by amphetamine. Ephedrine (10-80 mg/kg) mimicked the effects of amphetamine on pinning, but apomorphine did not. At doses from 0.125-0.5 mg/kg apomorphine stimulated pinning while 1 mg/kg had no effect. The present findings confirm earlier reports that amphetamine suppresses play fighting but the mechanism of action remains obscure. PMID- 6539921 TI - Phenytoin potentiates methamphetamine-induced behavior in mice. AB - We demonstrated that stereotyped behavior and tremor induced by methamphetamine (MA) were potentiated by pretreatment with phenytoin (PNT) in mice. Similar enhancing effects were obtained by pretreatment with carbamazepine. Gas chromatographic study demonstrated that pretreatment with PNT increased MA concentrations in the brain to approximately 2.5 times of control level. The increased MA concentrations were thought to be a major factor for the observed potentiation of MA-induced behavior by PNT. However, all MA-induced behavior were not equally potentiated; tremor was enhanced more than stereotypy. These results suggest that central neuronal mechanisms may also be involved in PNT-potentiated MA-induced behavior in mice. PMID- 6539922 TI - Morphine preference in rats previously morphine dependent. AB - Morphine preference and tendency to relapse to morphine tolerance and dependence were studied in rats which were previously made morphine dependent. Tolerance to, and physical dependence on, morphine were initially produced by administration of increasing concentrations of morphine sulphate in 5% sucrose solution for 3 weeks. A test for drinking preference was performed 4 days after the rats had been successfully detoxified and showed no significant signs of morphine dependence. It was found that, while control animals drank only negligible amounts of morphine solution, previously morphine-dependent rats consumed significantly larger volumes of morphine solution and had recurrence of morphine tolerance and dependence. The present findings show that chronic administration of morphine in drinking fluid produces tolerance and physical dependence as well as addiction in rats; the latter definition is exemplified by these animals having a high tendency to relapse after successful drug withdrawal. PMID- 6539923 TI - The lessons of platelet monoamine oxidase. PMID- 6539924 TI - Psychological sequelae of female sterilization: short-term outcome in a prospective controlled study. A report from the UK Field Research Centre of a WHO collaborative project. AB - Healthy multiparous women having elective interval (N = 69) or postpartum (N = 69) sterilization were interviewed pre-operatively and 6 weeks and 6 months post operatively, using standardized instruments. They did not differ significantly from control samples of comparable non-sterilized women with respect to mental state (Present State Examination) or subjectively-assessed mental or physical health or abdominal pain. More sterilization subjects than control subjects reported subjectively experienced improvement in sexual satisfaction at the later follow-up. Reports of poor physical health and abdominal pain increased over time within both the sterilization and the control groups. Reports of adverse effects at follow-up were often associated with higher PSE scores initially. Regrets and wish for reversal were rare and were also associated with higher initial PSE scores. Since the adverse effects were more common among postpartum subjects, it is suggested that subjectively experienced sequelae of sterilization may sometimes be attributable to 'normal' postnatal events. PMID- 6539926 TI - Bilaterally synchronous ultradian EEG rhythms in awake adult humans. PMID- 6539925 TI - Plasma prolactin and severe premenstrual tension. AB - It has been suggested that elevated luteal phase prolactin (PRL) levels may have an important role in causing some of the symptoms of the premenstrual tension syndrome (PMTS). Thirty-seven women suffering from severe premenstrual dysphoria were selected for this study. Single morning and afternoon serum PRL evaluations were performed during the follicular (day 9) and late luteal (day 26) phases of the menstrual cycle. PRL was measured by an established double antibody radioimmunoassay technique. All mean PRL values were within the normal range. Only afternoon mean PRL levels showed a tendency for a premenstrual increase. The significance of this statistical finding is unclear, since one-third of the subjects showed a decrease in premenstrual PRL levels. Twenty-four hour PRL secretory profiles recorded on days 9 and 26 in two women with extremely severe PMTS and in two asymptomatic matched control subjects also failed to show a significant correlation between PRL levels and PMTS. Thirty subjects participated in a treatment trial using bromocriptine. A marked rebound hyperprolactinemia was observed in a subgroup of women nine days after cessation of bromocriptine. This was associated with no detectable effect on mood, behavior, or menstrual regularity. Thus, our data fail to show any specific relationship between PRL and PMTS. PMID- 6539927 TI - The use of peripheral blood mononuclear cell prematurely condensed chromosomes for biological dosimetry. AB - Even though the premature chromosome condensation (PCC) technique has been shown to be a powerful cytogenetic tool, it has not yet been applied for biological dosimetry purposes. An improved and simple methodology for polyethylene glycol mediated cell fusion and PCC induction has given the opportunity to explore the use of peripheral blood mononuclear cell prematurely condensed chromosomes as a biological dosimeter of absorbed radiation dose. This new approach offers several advantages, and it is presented as an alternative to the conventional cytogenetic technique. First, the chromosomal damage may be visualized in about 2 hr from the moment a blood sample is available. Consequently, the chances for interphase cell death or chromosomal repair are decreased. Second, the amount of blood required is only 0.5 ml. Third, the PCC analysis of about 100 mononuclear blood cells shows the radiation damage even at low doses, whereas hundreds of lymphocyte metaphases must be analyzed when conventional cytogenetic techniques are applied. Fourth, the linear dose-response relationships obtained may be easily standardized. The methodology used diminishes the possibility of differential results from one laboratory to another by avoiding the variables introduced by the stimulation and culture of lymphocytes required by conventional cytogenetic techniques. Finally, the kinetics of lymphocyte chromosome aberration recovery can be directly examined. This approach provides us, therefore, with a direct and more sensitive method for the estimation of radiation injury and repair. PMID- 6539928 TI - The effects of X irradiation on the cytoskeleton of rat alveolar macrophages in vitro. AB - The three-dimensional visualization of Triton X-100 resistant cytoskeletons has been used to demonstrate that an absorbed dose of 120 Gy from X rays causes a distinctive and reproducible alteration of the cytoskeleton of intact rat alveolar macrophages in vitro. The alteration has also been shown to be rapidly and completely "repaired" and to be apparently similar to alterations caused by colchicine but dissimilar to those caused by cytochalasin B. From these observations and those of other workers who have studied the irradiation of extracted microtubular proteins in vitro, we think it likely that microtubules rather than microfilaments are the radiosensitive component of the macrophage cytoskeleton. PMID- 6539929 TI - The mutagenicity of alpha particles in Ehrlich ascites tumor cells. AB - Cell killing and the induction of mutation to thioguanine resistance (HGPRT enzyme deficiency) were measured after exposure of Ehrlich ascites tumor cells to 150-kV X rays and 241Am alpha particles. The curve describing the induction of mutations was almost linear after exposure to alpha particles (slope: 14.1 x 10( 5) Gy-1) but upward bending after exposure to X rays, apparently reaching a final slope to that obtained after exposure to alpha particles. The number of mutants induced per viable cell by alpha particles at a given level of cell killing was similar to that induced by X rays. The RBE values obtained for cell killing and the induction of mutations are compared with each other, and the possible involvement of repair processes in determining the RBE is discussed. PMID- 6539930 TI - Postpartum evaluation of fetal hydronephrosis: optimal timing for follow-up sonography. AB - Although intrauterine hydronephrosis can be detected readily by ultrasound, follow-up ultrasound evaluation on the first day of life may show a falsely normal-appearing kidney. The authors present three infants in whom subsequent studies confirmed the presence of upper urinary tract obstruction. It is postulated that the normal-appearing kidneys are probably due to a relative state of dehydration during the first 24 hours of life and a relatively low glomerular filtration rate. It is recommended that the initial postpartum ultrasound examination be performed several days after delivery in neonates diagnosed as having intrauterine hydronephrosis. PMID- 6539931 TI - Fallopian tubal patency assessed by ultrasound following fluid injection. Work in progress. AB - The ability of ultrasound to detect patency of at least one fallopian tube by demonstrating free fluid in the cul-de-sac was evaluated in 35 infertile women. The results were compared with conventional hysterosalpingograms, which had been obtained simultaneously. Ultrasound demonstrated bilateral occlusion with a sensitivity of 100%, and showed tubal patency with a specificity of 96%. The ability to diagnose tubal occlusion or patency using this ultrasound technique, which the authors have designated "sonosalpingography," eliminates unnecessary exposure of the female pelvis to ionizing radiation and avoids the use of iodinated contrast material. PMID- 6539932 TI - Effects of piribedil and of d-amphetamine on locomotor activity in immature rats. AB - The effects of piribedil, a direct dopamine (DA) agonist, and of d-amphetamine, an indirect DA agonist, on locomotor activity in 28-day old rats have been investigated. d-Amphetamine (1,2 and 4 mg/kg) increased activity in a dose dependent manner whereas only a 40 mg/kg dose of piribedil significantly increased activity; low doses of piribedil (1.25-10.0 mg/kg) had no effect on activity. Since hyperactivity induced by a direct DA agonist, such as piribedil, is thought to reflect post-synaptic DA receptor activation, the results appear to indicate that post-synaptic DA receptor mechanisms are fully developed in 28-day old rats. In contrast, as low doses of piribedil which cause sedation in adult animals failed to decrease locomotor activity under the present experimental conditions, it seems that DA autoreceptors may not be well developed in 28-day old rats. PMID- 6539933 TI - Comparison of the stimulatory effects of eight antiparkinsonian drugs. AB - The effects of eight antiparkinsonian anticholinergic drugs on motor activity in mice were studied. Trihexyphenidyl, biperiden, benztropine, etybenztropine, procyclidine and tropacine clearly stimulated motor activity. Orphenadrine did not change motor activity, and profenamine had sedative properties. The classification of these drugs by order of their effect on this animal model does not agree with the classification proposed by Deniker et al (1980). PMID- 6539934 TI - Ethanol and pentobarbital have different behavioral effects in the rat. AB - Stimulus control was established in rats with 600 mg/kg ethanol and saline by employing a two-lever response choice task and an FR10 schedule of food reinforcement. Once trained, rats were tested with lower doses of ethanol (300 and 450 mg/kg) and with pentobarbital (0.75 - 4.0 mg/kg). The 3.0 and 4.0 mg/kg doses of pentobarbital were observed to produce ethanol-like responding and decreasing doses of both ethanol and pentobarbital produced dose-related effects upon discriminative performance. The ED50 for ethanol was 372 mg/kg and for pentobarbital was 1.09 mg/kg. Graphic representation of the dose-response relationships suggested that these drugs possess different sites and/or mechanisms of action. PMID- 6539935 TI - The relationship between haloperidol blood levels and clinical responses. AB - Haloperidol blood levels in patients were determined to elucidate the relationship between blood levels and clinical effects. Determinations of haloperidol serum were performed by radioimmunoassay and the clinical status was estimated using BPRS. The relationship between haloperidol serum levels and BPRS total score was studied in 20 chronic schizophrenics currently receiving haloperidol treatment. The results did not show positive relationship between these two. Another 11 schizophrenic patients were treated with daily doses of average 6 mg of haloperidol. The patients were classified into improved and unchanged group according to the changes of BPRS total score. All 7 cases classified into the improved group had short duration of the illness less than one year. In this group, the levels were lower initially but gradually rised in paralled with the increase of extent of recovery on BPRS. Furthermore, improvement of psychopathology by means of decrease of BPRS total score was still found after haloperidol serum levels reached a plateau. The results did not support the view that high blood concentration of haloperidol might contribute to the clinical effects, but still suggested utility of measuring blood levels in acute or subacute patients being treated with haloperidol medications. PMID- 6539936 TI - Replicated evidence on the construct validity of the SCAG (Sandoz Clinical Assessment-Geriatric) scale. AB - Factor analysis procedures, applied to a data bank of 1165 senile patients from 21 double-blind studies, yielded 5 factors: cognitive dysfunction (4 items), interpersonal relationships (4 items), apathy (4 items), affect (3 items) and somatic function (3 items). A retrospective review of the 1165 case histories revealed that patients fell into three distinct diagnostic classes: (a) patients whose symptoms of dementia were likely associated with multiple infarcts; (b) patients with other medical disorders such as metabolic imbalances, pulmonary diseases, etc. which may have induced dementia-like symptoms; and (c) primary degenerative dementia for patients with no evidence of other intervening causes. Factor analysis applied independently to the SCAG data of each of the three groups produced similar factor constructs, thereby suggesting that results reported with this instrument are valid across different geriatric diagnostic categories. PMID- 6539937 TI - Recognition of maternal environment in piglets: effects of age and some discrete complex stimuli. PMID- 6539939 TI - Paleostriatal lesions and instrumental learning in the pigeon. PMID- 6539938 TI - The strength of the orienting response during blocking. PMID- 6539940 TI - [Thrombopenic purpura secondary to infectious mononucleosis]. PMID- 6539941 TI - Role of prostaglandins in the production of natriuretic factor by the isolated rat kidney. AB - The renal origin of natriuretic factor (NF) of high molecular weight (MW 45,000) has been previously demonstrated. Its role in the control of sodium excretion by the kidney has been strongly suggested. The aim of the present work was to study the relationship between NF and prostaglandins, which are known to modify the renal regulation of sodium. (1) The activity of NF, obtained by ultrafiltration and gel filtration from pooled plasma of salt-loaded rats, was tested on an isolated rat kidney perfused by a cell-free medium. A significant natriuresis was observed in the kidneys isolated either from normal rats or from indomethacin pretreated rats after injection of NF. Moreover, a dose-response curve was obtained with increasing amounts of NF. (2) The ability of isolated rat kidney to produce NF was studied in two series of salt-deprived rats, the second series being pretreated with indomethacin. The production of NF by isolated kidneys was induced by addition of saline to the fluid perfusing kidneys isolated from normal or indomethacin-pretreated rats fed a salt-depleted diet. Before addition of saline, no natriuretic activity was detectable. After the addition of 0.9% NaCl, NF was only found in the perfusate from kidneys isolated from normal rats. Perfusate extracts from indomethacin-pretreated kidneys did not induce any significant rise in natriuresis. (3) Kidneys isolated from rats previously fed a free fatty acid-deficient diet and thus prostaglandin-depleted were unable to produce NF even if they were salt-loaded. Intraarterial perfusion of prostaglandin E2 restored their ability to release or secrete NF. It is concluded that the release or the synthesis of NF is only possible in the presence of prostaglandins. Its action is not influenced by prostaglandin inhibition or deficiency. PMID- 6539942 TI - cis-Dichlorodiammineplatinum nephrotoxicity in rats of different ages. AB - In 5-, 15-, 30-, and 60-day-old rats there was a distinct decrease of body weight 24 hours after a single i.p. injection of cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum (CDDP) over a dose range from 0.25 to 2.0 mg/100 g b.w.t. Compared with a control group the kidney weights appeared nearly unchanged. The increase of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) concentrations following CDDP treatment was dose dependent and more profound in 5- and 15-day-old rats than in older animals. In higher doses, CDDP impaired the renal concentrating ability in rats of all age groups as reflected in a significant increase in urine volume with only a slightly increased renal sodium excretion. Following CDDP treatment there was a moderate proteinuria. In 30- and 60-day-old rats the renal excretion of p-aminohippurate (PAH) was more reduced by CDDP compared to younger rats. PMID- 6539943 TI - [Non-hemolytic transfusion reactions]. PMID- 6539944 TI - The frequency of allergens implicated in bronchial asthma in different areas of Romania. AB - The study carried out on 582 asthma patients and 164 healthy controls, ranging in age from 5 to 60 years, dwelling in four different towns ( Sibiu , Medias, Baia Mare, Sighetul Marma tiei ) showed that the most frequently involved antigen in allergic bronchial asthma was house dust (50.3 to 86%), followed by Dermatophagoides pteronissinus and atmospheric fungi, and the most frequently encountered associations were likewise between these allergens, hence the orientation towards a specific hyposensitizing therapy. In these localities with a rich gramineous vegetation there was a high per cent of sensitization to the polen of these plants. Sensitization to woollen hairs has been reported in a high percent in the region of Maramure s and is linked to its ethnical characteristics. In many cases the patients also exhibited hypersensitiveness to bacteria, associated with environmental allergens, the vicious circle realized by an allergic-infectious mechanism being known. The conclusions of the study on the etiology of bronchial asthma in these geographical areas will be used as a basis for the treatment and its orientation. PMID- 6539945 TI - Blocking cybernosis in endocrine glands pathology. AB - The term cybernosis was proposed by Meerloo (1971) in order to designate the cybernetic functional disorders in senescence. Blocking cybernosis or bloking negative feedback is the term used for negative feedback perturbation in a neuro endocrine subsystem caused by factors dwelling inside or outside it. Using the hypothalamo-hypophyso-adrenocortical subsystem as a model, the author shows that due to an excessive and anarchic secretion of corticoids by a tumor developed in the adrenocortical, the hypothalamo-hypophyseal control centers are blocked. A similar blockade occurs after longterm administration of high doses of a steroid, similar or identical to the natural corticoid hormone, which retro-acts like the latter. In the first case we deal with tumoral blocking cybernosis, in the second, with an iatrogenic one. As in both cases the subsystems are turned off without structural desorganization, the term blockade is more appropriate than that of disorder which implies the existence of a certain functional disability. Tumoral blocking cybernoses were seen by us in thyroid toxic adenoma, corticosteroid secreting adenomas and ovarian tumors; iatrogenic cybernoses occur in the long-term corticosteroid therapy in dermatoses, hirsutism, etc. Blocking cybernoses, both tumoral and iatrogenic, require great caution in their correction. Sudden removal of the blockade is followed by severe disorders producing collapse and coma with their implicit risk. PMID- 6539946 TI - [Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and lentiginosis]. AB - A 21-year-old female patient with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy and lentiginosis is described. This entity is known to belong to the LEOPARD syndrome (L-entigines, E-electrocardiographic conduction defects, O-cular hypertelorism, P ulmonary stenosis, A-bnormalities of genitalia, R-etardation of growth, sensorial D-eafness). The patient underwent surgery for severe obstruction of the left ventricular outflow tract; the postoperative follow-up was uneventful. PMID- 6539948 TI - Mating in bighorn sheep: multiple creative male strategies. AB - Rocky Mountain bighorn rams obtained copulations by defending single estrous ewes (tending), fighting tending rams for temporary access to defended ewes (coursing), or moving and holding ewes away from other rams beyond the periphery of a traditional tending area (blocking). Coursing and blocking illustrate a feature of many male alternative mating strategies: the ability of males regularly to create mating opportunities. PMID- 6539947 TI - Monoclonal antibody to a human germ cell membrane glycoprotein that inhibits fertilization. AB - A monoclonal antibody to an antigen in the human germ cell membrane did not agglutinate or immobilize sperm but inhibited binding and penetration of zona free hamster ova by human sperm and blocked murine fertilization in vitro. The antibody, of the 2a subclass of immunoglobulin G, was germ cell-specific but not species-specific. It recognized a single antigen of 23 kilodaltons that has been isolated from human germ cells. This fertilization antigen, located on the postacrosome , midpiece, and tail of human sperm, is a glycoprotein of testicular origin associated with some types of human involuntary immunoinfertility . PMID- 6539949 TI - Intrahippocampal septal grafts ameliorate learning impairments in aged rats. AB - Grafts of fetal septal tissue rich in cholinergic neurons were implanted as a dissociated cell suspension into the depth of the hippocampal formation in aged rats with severe impairments in spatial learning abilities. After 2 1/2 to 3 months, the rats with grafts, but not the controls, had improved their performance in a spatial learning test. Their improvement was due, at least in part, to an increased ability to use spatial cues in the task. In all animals the grafts had produced an extensive acetylcholinesterase-positive terminal network in the surrounding host hippocampal formation. Thus, the action of cholinergic neurons in the graft onto elements in the host hippocampal circuitry may be a necessary, but perhaps not sufficient, prerequisite for the observed functional recovery. PMID- 6539950 TI - The pathology of Marburg virus disease. AB - A description of the postmortem pathological findings in a case of Marburg virus disease emphasizes the findings of focal necrosis in the liver, spleen and lymphoid tissue, disseminated intravascular coagulation and acute tubular necrosis. These features are compared and contrasted with those of other potentially fatal viral haemorrhagic fevers to help pathologists make an early diagnosis wherever possible. PMID- 6539951 TI - A review of 367 triplet pregnancies. AB - Questionnaires were sent to 452 hospitals in the RSA and SWA/Namibia requesting information on triplet pregnancies over a 10-year period. Information on 367 sets of triplets from 150 hospitals was adequate for analysis. The incidence of triplets was 0,04% of all deliveries. As many as 45% of triplets were diagnosed during the first or second stage of labour. These infants had a significantly lower birth weight than those diagnosed at an antenatal clinic (P less than 0,01). The mean birth weights of babies that died in utero or neonatally (within 7 days) were significantly lower than those in survivors (P less than 0,0001). Caesarean section was the delivery method for 14% of 1 002 infants and perinatal mortality was improved for the second and third babies in comparison with second and third babies delivered vaginally (P less than 0,003 and P less than 0,002 respectively). It is concluded that the diagnosis of triplets should be made at the earliest possible stage of pregnancy, and that following adequate antenatal care all triplets should be delivered by caesarean section, except under ideal uncomplicated conditions where vaginal delivery may be feasible. PMID- 6539952 TI - Multiple hemangioblastomas accompanied by syringomyelia in the cerebellum and the spinal cord. AB - The present report covers an autopsied case of multiple hemangioblastomas in the cerebellum and the spinal cord, which did not involve the retinas and other organs. An intramedullary hemangioblastoma was found at the C3-4 level of the spinal cord and similar small tumors were present at the C-7 and Th-4 levels. Multiple cysts were located from the C1-2 to the lumbar level; some of these seemed to be longitudinally continuous, like syringomyelic cavities. These findings appear only rarely in published reports of autopsied cases of hemangioblastomas in the spinal cord. PMID- 6539953 TI - Effects of intravenous and intra-arterial infusions of prostaglandin E1 on canine hindlimb blood flow distribution. AB - Prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) has been used clinically in the treatment of ischemic peripheral vascular disease. However, the preferred route of administration and its influence on the distribution of blood flow to the skin, muscle, bone, and arteriovenous anastomoses ( AVAs ) have yet to be established. Bilateral femoral arterial blood flow was measured electromagnetically in 10 anesthetized adult mongrel dogs (mean weight 16.5 kg). The distribution of femoral arterial flow to the skin, muscle, bone, and AVAs was determined with use of femoral intra arterial injections of radioactively tagged microspheres (15 +/- 1 mu) before, during, and 1 hour after 20 minutes of intravenous and intra-arterial infusions of PGE1 at 0.1 microgram kg-1 min-1. Intra-arterial infusions caused a significant (P less than 0.003) increase in femoral arterial flow (462 +/- 58 ml X min-1), which was sustained throughout the infusion. The distribution of flow to the skin increased significantly (P less than 0.01) to 24.1 +/- 2.1%, whereas that through AVAs was significantly (P less than 0.05) decreased to 3.2 +/- 0.9%. Femoral arterial blood flow did not change during intravenous infusions; however, there was a significant (P less than 0.01) reduction in the distribution to muscle (41.1 +/- 10.5%) associated with a significant (P less than 0.02) increase in distribution through AVAs (30.8 +/- 11.5%). These data demonstrate the superiority of intra-arterial infusion over intravenous infusions of PGE1 in the canine hindlimb. There was a significant increase in femoral arterial blood flow with increased distribution to the skin and decreased shunting. Femoral arterial blood flow did not change during intravenous infusions; however, a reduction in the distribution of flow to the muscle was accompanied by an increase in shunting. PMID- 6539954 TI - Complications of chronic ear infection. PMID- 6539955 TI - Measures of care. PMID- 6539956 TI - Comparison between vascular plasminogen activator activity and changes in blood flow in the renal cortex in pigs. AB - Patterns of vascular plasminogen activator activity (PAA) and of blood flow were compared in the renal cortex of pigs. The comparison was made in pigs with or without induction of hemorrhagic hypotension and continuous infusion of indomethacin (prostaglandin synthetase inhibitor) or saralasin (competitive inhibitor of angiotensin II). Blood flow was measured by radiolabelled microspheres. A significant decrease in the vascular PAA was observed only in saralasin treated animals (15% in not hemorrhaged pigs and 30% in the inner and 45% in the outer half of the renal cortex in hemorrhaged pigs). Changes in plasmin inhibitor activity in the renal cortex were not noted. No correlation could be seen between vascular PAA and changes in blood flow in the renal cortex or changes in the mean arterial blood pressure. The vascular fibrinolytic response to saralasin should be due to an effect of saralasin independent of the changes in blood flow induced by this agent. PMID- 6539957 TI - A cooperative clinical trial of high-dose immunoglobulin therapy in 177 cases of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. AB - A study was conducted with the cooperation of 31 university hospitals and 44 general hospitals in Japan on high-dose immunoglobulin therapy for idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP). Sulfonated immunoglobulins were administered to 177 patients, comprising 102 children and 75 adults for two to seven days, and a favorable rise of platelet count was found in 114 (64.4%) of these patients. In particular, of the 107 patients who had not responded favorably to adrenocortico steroids therapy, 63 cases showed a favorable rise of platelet count. And of the 14 patients who had not responded favorably to splenectomy, 6 cases showed a favorable rise of platelet count. In the majority of cases the platelet count fell to its pretreatment level within one month after the start of sequence of administration. Although a dosage of 400 mg/kg/day was suitable for most patients, the wide range of individual responses suggested the desirability of determining an optimal dose for each patients. PMID- 6539959 TI - Effect of venous stasis on vessel wall fibrinolysis. AB - The effects of prolonged venous stasis on release of plasminogen activators (PA) from the caval vein of rats were studied. PA activity was continuously reduced in the intimal layer and after 8 hr of stasis the reduction was statistically significant. After 2 and 3 days no intimal PA activity was found. The PA activity in the adventitial vasa vasorum was unchanged during the experimental period. PMID- 6539958 TI - Identification of subpopulations of human urinary plasminogen activators. AB - Enzymes functioning as plasminogen activators in commercial urokinase preparations and individual human urine concentrates were subjected to affinity chromatography on columns of lentil lectin-sepharose, ricin-sepharose, wheat germ agglutinin-sepharose, lotus lectin-sepharose and concanavalin A-sepharose. Chromatography of the enzymes from both sources yielded similar results for all lectins except lentil lectin. Urokinase from several commercial sources was approximately 50% adherent to lentil lectin-sepharose while only 5-10% of the urinary plasminogen activators from individuals was adherent to this lectin. SDS PAGE followed by zymography indicated that the observed differences between commercial and individual samples could be due to the presence in urine concentrates of subpopulations of plasminogen activators which were absent from the commercial samples. PMID- 6539960 TI - Circulating anticoagulant against Factor XII and thrombocytopenic purpura. PMID- 6539961 TI - Coagulation and platelet function in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. PMID- 6539962 TI - [Detection of bladder neck incompetence in women with urinary incontinence]. PMID- 6539963 TI - [High-dose gamma globulin for children with thrombopenic purpura]. PMID- 6539964 TI - [Renal angiomyolipoma]. PMID- 6539965 TI - Scanning electron microscopic study of hedgehog uteri. AB - Ultrastructural studies of hedgehog uteri (Erinaceus europaeus L.) have been made using animals in anestrus, in estrus and in estrus after sojourn of a week with a male. In estrus and anestrus the uterine epithelium is homogeneous, regularly interrupted by orifices of glands. It is composed of microvillous cells only. Microvilli decrease in number and length in anestrus. A new type of cell, a ciliated cell, appears after copulation. Probable correlation of ultrastructural aspects of endometrium with hormonal situation is discussed. PMID- 6539966 TI - Cisplatinum: effect of zinc acetate pretreatment on cellular uptake and interactions with cytosolic ligands. AB - Wistar rats were injected (i.p.) either with 5 mg cis-diamminedichloro-platinum II (cis-DDP)/kg, or pretreated with Zn-acetate and then injected with cis-DDP. The Zn-pretreatment significantly increased the binding of Zn and Cu to both the renal and hepatic metallothioneins (MT), but the proportion of cytosolic Pt associated with MT in the kidney tissue was slightly reduced, and that in the liver showed no difference in comparison to rats treated with cis-DDP only. The results indicate that an increased MT biosynthesis by Zn-pretreatment may not correspondingly increase the binding of intracellular Pt to MT. In the Zn-acetate pretreated rats, the renal tissue and subcellular Pt levels were significantly lower (P less than 0.01) than that in untreated rats, although the liver levels showed practically no difference. It is suggested that Zn-acetate pretreatment prior to cis-DDP injection, may significantly reduce the cellular burden of Pt in the critical organ, the kidneys. PMID- 6539967 TI - Total body clearance and platinum accumulation in patients treated with cis dichlorodiammine platinum (II) PMID- 6539968 TI - Comparison of methylprednisolone and metoclopramide in the prophylactic treatment of cis-platin-induced nausea and vomiting. AB - Sixty-one patients undergoing treatment with cis-platin-containing regimens were given prophylactically either metoclopramide or methylprednisolone, in order to reduce the gastrointestinal side effects. Vomiting occurred in 79% of the cycles (128/162), and had a distressing intensity in 39.5% of cycles (64/162). No significant differences were observed between metoclopramide and methylprednisolone with respect to number and duration of vomiting episodes and duration of nausea and anorexia. Two of 6 patients benefited from substitution of metoclopramide for methylprednisolone; only 1/11 benefited from the substitution of methylprednisolone for metoclopramide. Metoclopramide and methylprednisolone, at the dosage and schedule used, were well tolerated and moderately active in preventing nausea and vomiting induced by cis-platin; their use in combination could further improve these results. PMID- 6539969 TI - Ineffectiveness of 5-fluorouracil and cis-platin as second-line chemotherapy in head and neck cancer. AB - Seventeen patients with heavily pretreated head and neck squamous cell carcinoma were submitted to a combination of 5-fluorouracil, 500 mg/m2 on days 1-4, and cis platin, 50 mg/m2 on day 5, repeated every 21 days. Before administration of 5 fluorouracil, N5,N10-methyltetrahydrofolate, 200 mg/m2 i.v., was given. Only 1 partial response and 4 stable disease were observed, and the median survival of the entire group was 5 months. Although all patients had been heavily pretreated and a considerable percentage (6/17, 35.2%) of these showed resistance to first line therapy, this combination seems to be ineffective as second-line therapy in head and neck cancer. PMID- 6539970 TI - [Role of endorphins in the function of the lower urinary tract]. AB - In order to investigate the influence of the endorphins on lower urinary tract function we antagonized the endogenous opiates with naloxone. We performed urodynamic examination in 17 incontinent women, administered intravenously 0.4 mg naloxone, and repeated the urodynamic examination. Bladder volume and pressure were not influenced by naloxone; the maximum urethral pressure showed a slight and urethral closure pressure a significant rise after naloxone treatment. Contrary to other authors, our results do not support a role of endorphins in lower urinary tract function. PMID- 6539971 TI - Renal infarction caused by chemotherapy for chorioepithelioma. PMID- 6539972 TI - [Value of diurnal variations of urinary pH for the determination of the chemical composition of urinary calculi]. PMID- 6539973 TI - [Pyonephrosis of the upper half of a double kidney with ectopia of the ureteral orifice in an infant]. PMID- 6539974 TI - Attenuation of ultrasound in normal liver and diffuse liver disease in vivo. AB - Preliminary results of in vivo attenuation measurements of the liver have been obtained in 39 normal patients and in 35 patients with diffuse liver disease. A modified real-time sector scanner incorporating an online attenuation measurement method was used. The value of attenuation in normal liver was estimated as 0.52 +/- 0.03 dB/cm/MHz, measured at 3 MHz. Significantly higher attenuation values were obtained from patients with alcoholic and cardiac cirrhosis, and following hepatic artery infusion with chemotherapeutic agents. Lower values were obtained from patients with biliary cirrhosis, chronic active hepatitis, and diffuse infiltration by lymphoma or leukemia. Fatty infiltrated livers showed a wide range of values of 0.37-0.66 dB/cm/MHz. The results suggest that estimates of attenuation coefficients are useful in detecting the presence of diffuse liver disease. PMID- 6539975 TI - Estimation of the slope of the acoustic attenuation coefficient. AB - In this paper, a theoretical framework is developed which removes the Gaussian assumption commonly used in ultrasonic attenuation estimation based on mean frequency shift. The theory is developed for general non-Gaussian spectra and for media whose attenuation coefficient is nonlinear with frequency. Then, a linear approximation in the estimation of the attenuation coefficient's slope is examined. It is shown that the error due to the linear approximation is negligibly small. PMID- 6539976 TI - An improved stochastic approach to rf amplitude analysis in ultrasonic cardiac tissue characterization. AB - We carried out a series of studies to improve the reproducibility of methods for ultrasonic myocardial tissue characterization using a stochastic approach to amplitude analysis of radiofrequency signals previously reported from our laboratory. Analysis of transducer scanner characteristics, data acquisition and processing, and data display from studies in tissue phantoms permit us to define some features of a parameter for expression of tissue character. The ratio of mean to standard deviation of the amplitude histogram from our system is explored as now implemented in our laboratory for reproducible measurements. The theoretical basis for understanding the utility of this method in defining tissue architecture and pathologic conditions requires further work. PMID- 6539977 TI - Lateral filtering of medical ultrasonic B-scans before image generation. AB - A method is presented for improving the lateral resolution of diagnostic B-scan images. Wiener filtering is applied on sequences of A-scan echo amplitudes acquired during B-scanning, using a simple scanning action. The first applications to clinical B-scan data show an improvement in the image quality. The filtered images obtained by this techniques may provide an improvement in the performance of pattern recognition methods on medical ultrasonic image data. PMID- 6539978 TI - A-mode speckle reduction with compound frequencies and compound bandwidths. AB - A simple model for predicting the degree of speckle reduction in A-mode images via the correlation coefficient was tested experimentally. The model appeared to account correctly for the influence of image system bandwidth on frequency separations required for nearly independent sampling in compound frequency imaging. Moreover, the notion of compound bandwidth imaging was tested; the correlation between samples at different bandwidths decreased as the ratio of bandwidths decreased. PMID- 6539979 TI - Ultrasound speckle size and lesion signal to noise ratio: verification of theory. AB - We compare predictions from our published theory of speckle cell size with recently published experimental results and a three dimensional computer simulation for the case of Gaussian pulses from spherically focused transducers in random media. The agreement is very good. We also compare our published theoretical predictions of the signal-to-noise ratio for a circular lesion in a speckle background with published "contrast to speckle ratio" data for anechoic cylindrical lesions in tissue mimicking material. Again, agreement is very good. The verification of these theoretical predictions has important implications for the evaluation of B-scan image quality and the study of tissue characterization. PMID- 6539980 TI - Diffraction tomography using arbitrary transmitter and receiver surfaces. AB - The theory of diffraction tomography for two-dimensional objects within the Born approximation is presented for cases where the scattered field is measured over arbitrarily shaped boundaries surrounding the object. Reconstruction algorithms are presented for both plane wave (parallel beam) and cylindrical wave (fan beam) insonification. Special attention is devoted to cases where the measurement and source boundaries are either lines or circles. The theory and algorithms presented are shown to be readily extended to the case of three-dimensional objects. PMID- 6539982 TI - Program and abstracts: Ninth International Symposium on Ultrasonic Imaging and Tissue Characterization. June 3-6, 1984, Washington, D.C. PMID- 6539981 TI - Analysis of random backscatter in the presence of static reflection components. AB - The problem of analysis of random ultrasonic backscatter is treated using linear time-varying channel theory. The backscatter is modeled to have random and deterministic echo components, where the emphasis is on the estimation of the random component in the presence of the deterministic component. A tissue characterizing mechanism is modeled as the range correlation of the random backscatter component, which gives rise to a frequency signature function. Finally, the statistics of the resulting backscatter are given as non-central Chi Squared. PMID- 6539983 TI - Comments on Robinson, D.E. and Knight, P.C.. Interpolation scan conversion in pulse echo ultrasound. PMID- 6539984 TI - Studies on crystalluria in calcium oxalate stone formers. AB - The excretion of calcium oxalate and calcium phosphate crystals was studied in fractionated 24 h urine from 7 men with recurrent calcium oxalate stone disease, both before and during daily administration of 5 mg bendroflumethiazide. Urinary calcium, oxalate, magnesium, citrate, phosphate, pH, and inhibition of calcium oxalate crystal growth rate were analyzed in all samples. Exclusively calcium oxalate crystals were found in 30 per cent of the samples, all with a pH below 6.25, whereas calcium phosphate was the crystal type encountered in urine with a pH above 6.50. Bendroflumethiazide decreased the volume of calcium phosphate but not of calcium oxalate crystals. During the period of observation there was no correlation between calcium oxalate supersaturation and calcium oxalate crystal volume, but a relationship was demonstrated between calcium phosphate supersaturation and calcium phosphate crystal volume. PMID- 6539985 TI - [Current status of determining bacteria and resistance in urinary tract infections]. AB - A total of 5.584 bacterial strains of different species from urine samples of various University clinics were isolated in 1983. These were tested with regard to their susceptability towards antibacterial substances. E. coli was the most common rod bacteria isolated, followed by Proteus species, Klebsiella und Pseudomonas. Staphylococci and Enterococci were found relatively frequently. A list was set up concerning the resistance pattern of the most important gram negative rod bacteria toward four penicillin- and three cephalosporin derivatives as well as towards gentamicin and three chemotherapeutics in a stricter sense. For the first substance group mezlocillin supplied the best results. In the second group cefotaxime was most effective. More unfavorable on the whole were the results of the three chemotherapeutics. Enterococci were inhibited most by azlocillin, mezlocillin, ampicillin and nalidixic-acid. Cefsulodin as a special Pseudomonas cephalosporin showed strong activity towards this bacterial species. PMID- 6539986 TI - [Urinary tract infections caused by hospital infections (nosocomial infections). A long-term study]. AB - A computerized analysis of hospital acquired urinary tract infections from 1973 1976 as well as 1981-1982 was done at our institution. A change in the classic picture of "gramnegative infections" was observed. Grampositive germs such as enterococci and staphylococci increased in their significance. The incidence of bacteremia and sepsis was lowered. This success is due to strict antiseptic measures as well as to the more frequent use of the suprapubic puncture catheter instead of the transurethral catheter. PMID- 6539987 TI - [The significance of Chlamydia trachomatis in chronic infectious urethro adnexitis in the male]. AB - The causative significance of chlamydia trachomatis in chronic urethra prostatitis can be assumed because of the high incidence in non-gonorrheal and post-gonorrheal urethritis and epididymitis. 158 men with chronic inflammatory urethro-prostatitis were reviewed. In 32.3% the urethral smear and in 29.7% the prostatic fluid were positive for chlamydia trachomatis. Simultaneously leucocyte count and pH of the prostatic fluid as well as the immunoelectrophoresis of the ejaculate were investigated. The correlation of these results with positive chlamydia trachomatis findings demonstrates the significant role of chlamydia trachomatis in chronic inflammatory processes of the urethra and prostate. PMID- 6539988 TI - [Doxycycline in the treatment of non-specific urethritis and/or prostatitis]. AB - Twenty-five men with non-specific urethritis/adnexitis were treated with 200 mg doxycycline monohydrate daily (Vibramycin Tabs) over a period of 10 days. More than half of the patients suffered from chronic inflammations. Microorganisms isolated from urethral secretion and prostate exprimate comprised aerobes, in particular staphylococcus epidermidis and streptococcus faecalis, as well as mycoplasmae, chlamydiae, and anaerobes, mainly bacteroides species and peptostreptococci. Fourty percent of patients additionally had anatomical alterations such as constrictions or strictures of the lower urinary tract. After 10-day therapy with doxycycline 16 out of 24 patients (67%) could be cured and a further six patients (25%) could be improved. Microbiological cure could be achieved in infections with chlamydiae in all cases, in infections with mycoplasmae in 67%, in infections with anaerobes in 80%, and in infections with aerobes in 57% of cases. Overall, the therapeutical success in the investigated patient population with chronic infections which are difficult to treat has therefore to be regarded as excellent. Therapy had to be discontinued in one patient after 3 days due to diarrhoea and nausea. In the other patients toleration of doxycycline was good. PMID- 6539989 TI - [Complications following external radiotherapy of prostate cancer. Case reports and overview of the literature]. AB - Complications after definitive radiotherapy of prostatic cancer occur in 3 to 30% of cases. Most common is radiation injury of the urethra, the bladder or the rectum. Definitive radiation therapy of carcinoma of the prostata after staging lymphadenectomy has a considerable risk of lymphedema of the lower extremities. Two typical cases are used to illustrate the permanent damage done to the quality of life of the particular patient. The complication rate is decreased if only the prostate is irradiated without radiation of the regional lymphnodes. Interstitial radiation therapy using 125-Iodine-seeds yields comparable results with a tenfold decrease in the complication rate. PMID- 6539990 TI - [Systematic program for the differentiation of cystic and solid lesions of the kidney]. AB - Renal cysts are found in up to 50% of the population beyond 50 years. The coexistence of a renal cyst and a tumor is observed in 0.3% to 2.9% and may appear in 5 different types, of which type 2, the cysticly degenerated renal cell carcinoma, is most commonly found since 10% of the renal cell carcinomas reveal this phenomenon. Type 1, a renal cyst close to a renal tumor, is found in the literature in 5%; while the intracystic tumors (type 3 and 4) are rare with only 50 cases reported so far. The diagnostic procedures should reliably exclude malignant tumor. A differentiation between a simple renal cyst and malignancy is possible by intravenous pyelography and tomography alone in only 50%, while Catscan and angiography increase the accuracy to 93%. The sensitivity and specificity of ultrasonic examination is found to be 90%, whereas the combination of sonography and percutaneous cyst aspiration reaches an accuracy of 97%. A diagnostic exploration should be done only if the previous procedures are unclear. PMID- 6539991 TI - [Accuracy of computer tomography in urinary bladder cancer. Study of 74 patients following radical cystectomy]. AB - The accuracy of computed tomography in staging bladder carcinoma has been investigated in 74 patients who underwent cystectomy (n = 70) and pelvic lymphadenectomy (n = 74). The results of the initial CT findings (prospective analysis) and the results of reviewing all CT scans retrospectively by 3 investigators have been compared. Retrospectively, T-staging was correct in 64%, overstaging was seen in 26% and understaging in 10%. N-staging was correct in 99% (n = 73/74) and obstruction of the upper urinary tract with dilatation of the ureter could be diagnosed in every case. The differences between retrospective and prospective analysis are discussed. Staging errors are seen in patients with tumor infiltration of the prostate or the uterus, with microscopic invasion of the perivesical fat, after irradiation of the pelvis or previous surgery. Metastatic involvement of lymph nodes below 1.5 cm diameter cannot be recognized. PMID- 6539992 TI - [Clinical significance of the degree of malignancy in transitional epithelioma of the urinary bladder]. AB - The therapy of bladder carcinoma is dependent on the grade of malignancy and infiltration. The biological behaviour (tendency to infiltration, frequency of recurrence) is influenced by the grade of malignancy of the tumor. Therefore it is necessary to determine the grade of malignancy not only by histology alone but also by other methods, so that we obtain more criteria for a differential therapeutic approach. PMID- 6539993 TI - [Blockade of the obturator nerve in transurethral electroresection of urinary bladder tumors]. AB - Stimulation of obturator nerve during transurethral electroresection causes violent adductor muscle contraction, and is a major cause of inadvertent bladder perforation. General anesthesia with muscle relaxants is often required when the bladder tumor is in the area where the obturator nerve passes in close proximity to the inferolateral bladder wall. Recently obturator nerve block under spinal anesthesia during transurethral surgery have been reported in several papers, but the blockade is not completely reliable. Obturator nerve block using electrostimulator (neutracer) and insulated electroneedle (pole needle) was performed in 25 patients with bladder tumors during transurethral electroresection from October 1980 to December 1981. We herein describe the technique and results of local obturator nerve blockade. Use of neutracer and pole needle makes the obturator nerve block a completely reliable, safe and easy procedure. PMID- 6539994 TI - [Destruction of urinary calculi using laser beams. Experimental principles and in vitro studies]. AB - Despite recent therapeutic advances, urinary stone disease is still a main problem in urology. We investigated lithotrypsy of urinary calculi by the use of a Neodymium-YAG-laser. Application of laser power up to 88 W with a continuous wave laser and with a high power pulsed laser (220 microseconds/24,5 mJ to 10 ms/20 J) only lead to melting or burning of the stones. Irradiation with a Q switched laser (12 ns/13,6 mJ) beam resulted in a burst of stone parts without complete fragmentation of the calculus, whereas the use of a Q-switched laser (12 ns/13,6 mJ) with an optomechanical coupler generated stress waves, which disintegrated stones into small parts. All experiments have been carried out in vitro. A possible technical application of the methods in vivo is discussed. PMID- 6539995 TI - Incidental fetal hydronephrosis: clinical implication. AB - Maternal ultrasonography performed after twenty weeks of gestation is able accurately to identify and diagnose fetal hydronephrosis. We believe this finding should serve to alert the obstetrician as well as the pediatrician to potential complications which may arise at the time of delivery or immediately thereafter. Urologic evaluation and definitive surgical repair may then be performed when indicated. PMID- 6539996 TI - Combination perineal cryosurgery and external radiation therapy for adenocarcinoma of prostate. AB - Perineal cryosurgical destruction of the prostate has been practiced at the University of Iowa since 1969 for a select group of patients with primary adenocarcinoma of the prostate. We have reviewed this technique in the past and analyzed it with respect to both patient survival and elimination of the local lesion. In this report we have evaluated 14 patients who received combination cryosurgery and external radiation therapy for prostatic adenocarcinoma. Several clinical parameters were examined with emphasis placed on control of the local lesion and obviating the need for urinary diversion or transurethral resections to relieve obstructive symptoms. PMID- 6539997 TI - Current status of adjuvant chemotherapy after radical cystectomy for deeply invasive bladder cancer. AB - Between March, 1976, and December, 1982, 70 of 157 patients (45%) undergoing single-stage radical cystectomy with pelvic lymphadenectomy and urinary diversion with the intent to cure invasive bladder cancer were found to have pathologic Stage P3B, P4 and/or N + disease. Thirty-four of the 70 patients received adjuvant prophylactic chemotherapy after cystectomy and 36 patients were followed expectantly. From 1976 through 1977 adjuvant chemotherapy consisted of cyclophosphamide 1 Gm/M2 each month for six months; from 1978 through June, 1980, adjuvant chemotherapy consisted of cis-platinum 100 mg/M2 each month for four months with the exception of 1 patient treated more aggressively with combination chemotherapy (CISCA). Since July, 1980, a prospective study has been utilized in which patients were randomized into two groups, Group A receiving combination chemotherapy and Group B followed up expectantly; adjuvant chemotherapy appears to result in a slight delay in time to relapse but no influence in overall survival was observed. PMID- 6539998 TI - Estramustine phosphate--hormone, chemotherapeutic agent, or both? AB - Estramustine phosphate, a combination steroid and alkylating agent, has been used for treatment of cancer of the prostate since 1969. We treated 32 patients with Stages C and D prostate cancer with this compound. Using the National Prostatic Cancer Project criteria of response, no patient achieved complete or partial objective response. Sixty-two per cent of the patients without prior hormonal manipulation and 12 per cent of those who were progressing following hormonal therapy met the criteria for a stable response. Both Stage C patients, 50 per cent of D1 and 28 per cent of D2 patients achieved disease stabilization for a mean duration of 14.8 months. There was no correlation between tumor grade and response to treatment. Fifty per cent of the patients whose elevated acid phosphatase declined remain stable, whereas 80 per cent in whom the acid phosphatase did not decline have progressed. Estramustine is effective in patients without prior hormonal manipulation. In those refractory to hormones, the prognosis is poor yet data exist to support the superiority of estramustine phosphate over conventional therapy. PMID- 6539999 TI - Intravesical CDDP therapy compared with combined CDDP and external radiation in noninvasive bladder cancer. Monitored with quantitative fluorescence cytology. AB - Results of intravesical CDDP or CDDP combined with external beam radiation are compared in a group of 13 patients with low-stage bladder cancer. Six patients with low-stage bladder cancer received 4 or 12 treatments of CDDP intravesically with an initial complete response in 3 patients. Within six months, recurrent disease developed in 2 of 3 patients. Seven patients received the combination therapy of 400 rad (weekly for six weeks) followed two hours later with 50 mg of intravesical CDDP. A positive response was observed initially in all 7 patients as determined by pathology, PAP cytology, fluorescence cytology, and quantitative nuclear fluorescence determinations. Therapy was discontinued in 1 patient in each group because of irritative symptoms. The results indicate combination therapy is of tolerable toxicity, and quantitative fluorescence cytology is a useful adjuvant for guiding future treatments in patients with low- and high grade bladder tumors. PMID- 6540000 TI - Male pseudohermaphrodism with persistent mullerian and wolffian structures complicated by intra-abdominal seminoma. AB - A fifty-year-old male patient with bilateral cryptorchidism and abdominal mass due to a large seminoma was found to have persistent mullerian duct derivatives: uterus and fallopian tubes. The patient underwent total hysterosalpingectomy and bilateral intra-abdominal orchidectomy of a seminoma and testes. He was given maintenance testosterone and pelvic irradiation. PMID- 6540001 TI - [Step-by-step laser trabeculoplasty in open-angle glaucoma]. PMID- 6540002 TI - [Anterior uveitis in acute Enterovirus infection in young children]. PMID- 6540003 TI - [Role of angiography in the diagnosis of hydatid echinococcosis of the liver]. PMID- 6540004 TI - [Quantitative analysis of the anatomical characteristics of idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis based on angiocardiographic data].